Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Anti-Phishing Working Groups 2nd Annual eCrime Researchers Summit 2007, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 4-5, 2007

The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) formed in Fall 2003, and organized members-only meetings to advance their members' understanding of the emerging electronic crime plexus that had formed on the Internet and was menacing society's shared ecommerce infrastructure. In 2006, responding to the submission of overwhelming numbers of high-quality papers from academic research institutions, APWG Secretary General Peter Cassidy founded the eCrime Researchers Summit (eCRS) to provide an appropriate venue for this vital work. APWG organized the inaugural eCRS in Orlando with Florida State University, the National Center for Forensic Science at UCF and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, at which new research results in online fraud and countermeasures were presented by leading security researchers. To build on the success of the 2006 academic meeting, the APWG soon scheduled a second electronic crime research conference with faculty from Indiana University and Carnegie Mellon University. The eCRS 2007 was held October 4--5, 2007, on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University. The program consisted of a balance of academic research papers; three panels with moderators and panelists from industry and research institutions discussing the most recent developments in the area; and a keynote talk on online gaming and security by Gary McGraw, a noted specialist in applied security. The program committee selected the paper "Examining the Impact of Website Take-down on Phishing" by Tyler Moore and Richard Clayton to receive the best paper award.
Using the small-world model to improve Freenet performance

Efficient data retrieval in a peer-to-peer system like Freenet is a challenging problem. We study the impact of cache replacement policy on the performance of Freenet. We find that, with Freenet's LRU (least recently used) cache replacement, there is a steep reduction in the hit ratio with increasing load. Based on intuition from the small-world models and the recent theoretical results by Kleinberg, we propose an enhanced-clustering cache replacement scheme for use in place of LRU. Such a replacement scheme forces the routing tables to resemble neighbor relationships in a small-world acquaintance graph - clustering with light randomness. In our simulation, this new scheme improved the request hit ratio dramatically while keeping the small average hops per successful request comparable to LRU. A simple, highly idealized model of Freenet under clustering with light randomness proves that the expected message delivery time in Freenet is O(log/sup 2/n) if the routing tables satisfy the small-world model and have the size /spl theta/(log/sup 2/n).
Altered Expression of a Malate-Permeable Anion Channel, OsALMT4, Disrupts Mineral Nutrition1[OPEN]

Increased expression of a malate-permeable anion channel induced malate release from cells, which altered malate and Mn compartmentation in rice leaves leading to increased sensitivity to Mn. Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) form a family of anion channels in plants, but little is known about most of its members. This study examined the function of OsALMT4 from rice (Oryza sativa). We show that OsALMT4 is expressed in roots and shoots and that the OsALMT4 protein localizes to the plasma membrane. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing (OX) OsALMT4 released malate from the roots constitutively and had 2-fold higher malate concentrations in the xylem sap than nulls, indicating greater concentrations of malate in the apoplast. OX lines developed brown necrotic spots on the leaves that did not appear on nulls. These symptoms were not associated with altered concentrations of any mineral element in the leaves, although the OX lines had higher concentrations of Mn and B in their grain compared with nulls. While total leaf Mn concentrations were not different between the OX and null lines, Mn concentrations in the apoplast were greater in the OX plants. The OX lines also displayed increased expression of Mn transporters and were more sensitive to Mn toxicity than null plants. We showed that the growth of wild-type rice was unaffected by 100 µm Mn in hydroponics but, when combined with 1 mm malate, this concentration inhibited growth. We conclude that increasing OsALMT4 expression affected malate efflux and compartmentation within the tissues, which increased Mn concentrations in the apoplast of leaves and induced the toxicity symptoms. This study reveals new links between malate transport and mineral nutrition.
Learning Bounded Tree-width Bayesian Networks using Integer Linear Programming

In many applications one wants to compute conditional probabilities given a Bayesian network. This inference problem is NP-hard in general but becomes tractable when the network has low tree-width. Since the inference problem is common in many application areas, we provide a practical algorithm for learning bounded tree-width Bayesian networks. We cast this problem as an integer linear program (ILP). The program can be solved by an anytime algorithm which provides upper bounds to assess the quality of the found solutions. A key component of our program is a novel integer linear formulation for bounding tree-width of a graph. Our tests clearly indicate that our approach works in practice, as our implementation was able to nd an optimal or nearly optimal network for most of the data sets.
Synaptic membrane protein D2 in the cerebrospinal fluid of manic‐melancholic patients

The synaptic membrane protein D2 was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of manic‐melancholic patients. The concentration of D2 increased with the age of the patients until about 35 years of age. No difference was found between the D2‐concentration in CSF from a control group compared with different manic‐melancholic subgroups. The D2‐concentration in CSF collected from the patients during depression or mania was compared with CSF collected from the same patients when their moods were normalized. In the case of the depressed patients, we found that the D2‐concentration increased slightly when the mood was normalized.
Up‐regulation of the type 3 ryanodine receptor is neuroprotective in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

The cellular pathology of Alzheimer’s disease is progressive and protracted leading eventually to considerable neuronal death. The underlying mechanisms of the pathology are complex but changes in the control of intracellular Ca2+ are believed to contribute to the demise of neurons. In this study, we investigated the functional consequences of an increase in the expression of the type 3 isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR3). We found that although cortical neurons from TgCRND8 mice secreted significantly more amyloid beta protein and showed significantly increased RyR3 expression, they were no more sensitive to cell stress than non‐transgenic neurons. Furthermore, despite increased intracellular Ca2+ release in response to ryanodine, we found that basal Ca2+, K+‐evoked Ca2+ responses, and capacitative Ca2+ entry were no different in TgCRND8 neurons compared with non‐transgenic neurons. Therefore, as RyR3 up‐regulation did not affect neuronal health or global Ca2+ homeostasis, we investigated the effect of reducing RyR3 expression using small interfering RNA. Surprisingly, a reduction of RyR3 expression in TgCRND8, but not in non‐transgenic, neurons increased neuronal death. These data reveal a new role for RyR3 and indicate a novel potential therapeutic target to delay or prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
An effective video-based model for fall monitoring of the elderly

Fall is one of the major health challenges facing the elderly adults, especially the adults with high fall risk factors. In this paper, we aim to build a video-based model to mitigate the consequences of fall of the elderly at two application scenarios: (1) predict the fall risk caused by unbalanced gait and (2) detect a fall event as soon as it happens. In the first stage, we use a common camera to capture the video of a person moving such as doing actions or walking. In the second stage, our proposed model for both scenarios follows the same three-module structure: (1) human object segmentation using background subtraction, (2) feature representation using two separate feature descriptors, one for each application scenario, and (3) abnormal event detection based on Hidden Markov Model. The final stage is to convey an SMS message to the pre-defined cell phone number to notify the caregiver of detected anomaly. Experimental results show the promising performance of the proposed model in terms of the acceptable accuracy and the low processing time.
A measure of bending in nucleic acids structures applied to A-tract DNA

A method is proposed to measure global bending in DNA and RNA structures. It relies on a properly defined averaging of base-fixed coordinate frames, computes mean frames of suitably chosen groups of bases and uses these mean frames to evaluate bending. The method is applied to DNA A-tracts, known to induce considerable bend to the double helix. We performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of sequences containing the A4T4 and T4A4 tracts, in a single copy and in two copies phased with the helical repeat. Various temperature and salt conditions were investigated. Our simulations indicate bending by roughly 10° per A4T4 tract into the minor groove, and an essentially straight structure containing T4A4, in agreement with electrophoretic mobility data. In contrast, we show that the published NMR structures of analogous sequences containing A4T4 and T4A4 tracts are significantly bent into the minor groove for both sequences, although bending is less pronounced for the T4A4 containing sequence. The bending magnitudes obtained by frame averaging are confirmed by the analysis of superhelices composed of repeated tract monomers.
State based imputation of missing data for robust speech recognition and speech enhancement

Within the context of continuous-density HMM speech recognition in noise, we report on imputation of missing time-frequency regions using emission state probability distributions. Spectral subtraction and local signal–to– noise estimation based criteria are used to separate the present from the missing components. We consider two approaches to the problem of classification with missing data: marginalization and data imputation. A formalism for data imputation based on the probability distributions of individual Hidden Markov model states is presented. We report on recognition experiments comparing state based data imputation to marginalization in the context of connected digit recognition of speech mixed with factory noise at various global signal-to-noise ratios, and wideband restoration of speech. Potential advantages of the approach are that it can be followed by conventional techniques like cepstral features or artificial neural networks for speech recognition.
End-to-End Quality of Service Monitoring in Convergent IPTV Platforms

Nowadays main service providers are launching the first convergent TV over IP (IPTV) commercial services, which are offered from either mobile or fixed broadband networks. This article shows a common architecture for monitoring the QoS (Quality of Service) of IPTV convergent platforms. This solution, based on the analysis of quality figures through network probes, will allow service providers to offer their convergent services in a competitive manner. The proposal includes the development of an OSS (Operational Support System) founded on a common open architecture that gathers the data from the different network segments in a convergent way. This feature means that the IPTV services are permanently end-to-end supervised from the access networks (mobile and fixed) and the convergent core network. In this specific scenario, two different access networks are considered: digital TV over ADSL or GPON/FTTH, and mobileTV over UMTS/3G. On the other hand, the common convergent network is constituted by the content delivery platform and the central services center, which orchestrate the services offered to end users, such as multicast TV, Video on Demand (VoD) or Pay-per-view (PPV). This paper includes the results obtained from this OSS, applied to a major mobile convergent Telco company, for the VoD service based on videostreaming sessions.
Selection of views to materialize in a data warehouse

A data warehouse stores materialized views of data from one or more sources, with the purpose of efficiently implementing decision-support or OLAP queries. One of the most important decisions in designing a data warehouse is the selection of materialized views to be maintained at the warehouse. The goal is to select an appropriate set of views that minimizes total query response time and the cost of maintaining the selected views, given a limited amount of resource, e.g., materialization time, storage space, etc. In This work, we have developed a theoretical framework for the general problem of selection of views in a data warehouse. We present polynomial-time heuristics for a selection of views to optimize total query response time under a disk-space constraint, for some important special cases of the general data warehouse scenario, viz.: 1) an AND view graph, where each query/view has a unique evaluation, e.g., when a multiple-query optimizer can be used to general a global evaluation plan for the queries, and 2) an OR view graph, in which any view can be computed from any one of its related views, e.g., data cubes. We present proofs showing that the algorithms are guaranteed to provide a solution that is fairly close to (within a constant factor ratio of) the optimal solution. We extend our heuristic to the general AND-OR view graphs. Finally, we address in detail the view-selection problem under the maintenance cost constraint and present provably competitive heuristics.
Robot motion planning with nonholonomic constraints

A study is made of a fundamental problem in dextrous manipulation by a robot hand: the motion of two rigid bodies rolling relative to one another. A systematic procedure for deriving the configuration space of contact and the differential equation for rolling is presented. This approach is applicable to objects of arbitrary shapes and contact constraints. An algorithm that determines the existence of an admissible path between two contact configurations is given. First, the distribution generated by the two constrained vector fields is computed. One then checks to see if the distribution is nonsingular. If so, an admissible path exists between any two contact configurations. It is also shown that the path-finding problem is equivalent to a nonlinear control problem. Thus, existing work in nonlinear control theory can be used. A geometric algorithm that finds a path when one object is flat is given. <<ETX>>
Pemetrexed, Carboplatin, and Concomitant Radiation followed by Surgery for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Planned Interim Toxicity Analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N044E

Purpose This brief report describes a planned, interim, 6-patient toxicity analysis that confirms the safety of pemetrexed, carboplatin, radiation with subsequent surgery, as prescribed in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial N044E, in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods Six patients with locally advanced, potentially resectable esophageal cancer received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC = 6 on days 1 and 22 with 5040 centigray of concomitant radiation in 28 fractions over 5.5 weeks followed by esophagectomy as a prelude to a phase II multi-institutional trial. Results Only 1 of the 6 patients experienced a grade 4 adverse event (neutropenia). This patient also experienced a grade 3 depression. Of the remaining 5 patients, three experienced at least one grade 3 adverse event (neutropenia, nausea/vomiting, and esophagitis). There were no deaths. Incidentally, one patient manifested a complete pathologic response, three a partial pathologic response, and one stable disease. Conclusion These preliminary observations on safety suggest that this regimen can be further studied in this clinical setting.
SOC Based Battery Cell Balancing with a Novel Topology and Reduced Component Count

This paper proposes a novel battery cell balancing topology with reduced component count and simplified control. The balancing algorithm is based on the state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell instead of cell voltage. The principle of the proposed topology is analyzed and verified through simulation and experiments. Then an experimental battery test workbench is established to validate the proposed balancing algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed balancing topology and associated algorithm can perform well in real applications.
Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra

We have previously presented evidence for a varying fine-str ucture constant, α, in two independent samples of Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra. Here we present a detailed manymultiplet analysis of a third Keck/HIRES sample containing 78 absorption systems. We also re-analyse the previous samples, providing a total of 128 absorption systems over the redshift range 0.2 < zabs < 3.7. The results, with raw statistical errors, indicate a small er weighted mean α in the absorption clouds: �α/α = ( 0.574 ± 0.102) × 10 5 . All three samples separately yield consistent and significant values of �α/α. The analyses of low-z (i.e. zabs < 1.8) and high-z systems rely on different ions and transitions with very different dependencies on α, yet they also give consistent results. We identify an addit ional source of random error in 22 high-z systems characterized by transitions with a large dynamic range in apparent optical depth. Increasing the statistical erro rs on �α/α for these systems gives our fiducial result, a weighted mean �α/α = ( 0.543 ± 0.116) × 10 5 , representing 4.7 σ evidence for a varying α. Assuming that �α/α = 0 at zabs = 0, the data marginally prefer a linear increase in α with time rather than a constant offset from the laboratory value: u α/α = (6.40 ± 1.35) × 10 16 yr 1 . The two-point correlation function for α is consistent with zero over 0.2‐13 Gpc comoving scales and the angular distribution of �α/α shows no significant dipolar anisotropy. We therefore have no eviden ce for spatial variations in �α/α. We extend our previous searches for possible systematic errors, giving detailed analyses of potential kinematic effects, line blending, wavelength miscalibration, spectrograph temperature variations, atmospheric dispersion and isotopic /hyperfine structure effects. The latter two are potentially the most significant. However, overall, known systematic errors do not explain the results. Future many-multiplet analyses of indep endent QSO spectra from different telescopes and spectrographs will provide a now crucial check on our Keck/HIRES results.
Interaction of purified lipoteichoic acid with the classical complement pathway

Glycerophosphate-containing lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) interact with the first component of the classical complement pathway (C1). This resulted in the activation of the classical complement pathway in serum, shown by the consumption of C1, C2, and C4. The dose-dependent interaction of LTAs with purified C1 and C1q was dependent on the negative charges of the phosphate groups of LTA. It was reduced by charge compensation through D-alanine ester substituents and by sterical hindrance through di- and trihexosyl residues linked to position 2 of the glycerol moieties. The charge density of LTA may also play a role: poly(digalactosylglycerophosphate) LTAs, in which the phosphate groups are in a greater distance from each other, were less effective, and the loss of micellar organization by deacylation of LTA drastically reduced the complement activation capacity.
Multidimensionality in Population Analysis

This article is an attempt to synthesize material from a number of sources, published originally under such headings as multiregional demography, increment-decrement life tables, marriage tables, and tables of working life. IIASA has had an important role in the elaboration of several lines of work that embrace much of demography, as well as potentially permitting the more convenient study of problems that require the union of demography and economics, demography and sociology, and other combinations of disciplines.
“cba to check the spelling”: Investigating Parser Performance on Discussion Forum Posts

We evaluate the Berkeley parser on text from an online discussion forum. We evaluate the parser output with and without gold tokens and spellings (using Sparseval and Parseval), and we compile a list of problematic phenomena for this domain. The Parseval f-score for a small development set is 77.56. This increases to 80.27 when we apply a set of simple transformations to the input sentences and to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) training sections.
Search for Flash TM Movies on the Web

FlashTM is experiencing a breathtaking growth and has become one of the prevailing media formats on the Web. Unfortunately, no research effort has been dedicated to automatic retrieval of Flash movies by content, which is critical to the utilization of the enormous Flash resource. A close examination reveals that the intrinsic complexity of a Flash movie, including its heterogeneous components, its dynamic nature, and user interactivity, makes Flash retrieval a host of research issues. As the first endeavor in this area, we propose a generic framework termed as FLAME (FLash Access and Management Environment) embodying a 3-tier architecture that addresses the representation, indexing, and retrieval of Flash movies by mining and understanding of movie content. In particular, FLAME features a unique multi-level indexing and retrieval approach that supports characterization and retrieval of Flash at (1) object level, which describes the heterogeneous components embedded in a movie, (2) event level, which depicts the movie’s dynamic effects constituted by the spatio-temporal features of objects, and (3) interaction level, which models the relationships between user behaviors and the consequential events. An experimental prototype for Web-based Flash retrieval is implemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of FLAME.