Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A typology of motives in family business succession planning: institutionalisation, implosion, imposition and individualisation

This paper examines the understanding of motives in the family business succession planning literature. It identifies two main motives on the part of incumbents for family business succession planning: family business continuity across generations and family harmony. Yet these motives are routinely conflated in the literature. This is at least partly because both motives are routinely undermined by individualistic self-interested behaviour, consistent with the model of homo economicus. The cross-tabulation of these motives produces a typology which suggests four distinct pathways in relation to succession planning: institutionalisation, implosion, imposition and individualisation. The two most obvious of these pathways are fully elucidated in the literature: specifically, the institutionalisation of succession planning, and family business implosion. The other two pathways are not so well understood. They include those circumstances where incumbents impose succession arrangements irrespective of family harmony, and those where family business succession planning involves liquidation of family business assets in order to divide assets between individual family members. The proposed typology highlights the repertoire of motives that inform family business succession planning, above and beyond homo economicus. It also suggests future lines of research, moving beyond the dichotomous pathways identified in the literature.
Expenditure Analysis of HIV Testing and Counseling Services Using the Cascade Framework in Vietnam

Objectives Currently, HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services in Vietnam are primarily funded by international sources. However, international funders are now planning to withdraw their support and the Government of Vietnam (GVN) is seeking to identify domestic funding and generate client fees to continue services. A clear understanding of the cost to sustain current HTC services is becoming increasingly important to facilitate planning that can lead to making HTC and other HIV services more affordable and sustainable in Vietnam. The objectives of this analysis were to provide a snapshot of current program costs to achieve key program outcomes including 1) testing and identifying PLHIV unaware of their HIV status and 2) successfully enrolling HIV (+) clients in care. Methods We reviewed expenditure data reported by 34 HTC sites in nine Vietnamese provinces over a one-year period from October 2012 to September 2013. Data on program outcomes were extracted from the HTC database of 42,390 client records. Analysis was carried out from the service providers’ perspective. Results The mean expenditure for a single client provided HTC services (testing, receiving results and referral for care/treatment) was US $7.6. The unit expenditure per PLHIV identified through these services varied widely from US $22.8 to $741.5 (median: $131.8). Excluding repeat tests, the range for expenditure to newly diagnose a PLHIV was even wider (from US $30.8 to $1483.0). The mean expenditure for one successfully referred HIV client to care services was US $466.6. Personnel costs contributed most to the total cost. Conclusions Our analysis found a wide range of expenditures by site for achieving the same outcomes. Re-designing systems to provide services at the lowest feasible cost is essential to making HIV services more affordable and treatment for prevention programs feasible in Vietnam. The analysis also found that understanding the determinants and reasons for variance in service costs by site is an important enhancement to the cascade of HIV services framework now adapted for and extensively used in Vietnam for planning and evaluation.
Coronin Is a Component of the Endocytic Collar of Hyphae of Neurospora crassa and Is Necessary for Normal Growth and Morphogenesis

Coronin plays a major role in the organization and dynamics of actin in yeast. To investigate the role of coronin in a filamentous fungus (Neurospora crassa), we examined its subcellular localization using fluorescent proteins and the phenotypic consequences of coronin gene (crn-1) deletion in hyphal morphogenesis, Spitzenkörper behavior and endocytosis. Coronin-GFP was localized in patches, forming a subapical collar near the hyphal apex; significantly, it was absent from the apex. The subapical patches of coronin colocalized with fimbrin, Arp2/3 complex, and actin, altogether comprising the endocytic collar. Deletion of crn-1 resulted in reduced hyphal growth rates, distorted hyphal morphology, uneven wall thickness, and delayed establishment of polarity during germination; it also affected growth directionality and increased branching. The Spitzenkörper of Δcrn-1 mutant was unstable; it appeared and disappeared intermittently giving rise to periods of hyphoid-like and isotropic growth respectively. Uptake of FM4-64 in Δcrn-1 mutant indicated a partial disruption in endocytosis. These observations underscore coronin as an important component of F-actin remodeling in N. crassa. Although coronin is not essential in this fungus, its deletion influenced negatively the operation of the actin cytoskeleton involved in the orderly deployment of the apical growth apparatus, thus preventing normal hyphal growth and morphogenesis.
Information and Communication Technology Policy Research in the United Kingdom: A Perspective

Abstract: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are altering the ways in which time and distance affect productive activities. Such innovative activity is affected by historical factors, the capacity of individuals and institutions to adapt and act, and by decisions of technology producers, users, and government policy-makers. This paper highlights the directions and perspectives in social science research in the United Kingdom that have emerged in the Programme on Information and Communication Technologies (PICT) established by the Economic and Social Research Council. Resume: Les technologies d'information et de communication sont en train de changer les effets du temps et de la distance sur le travail. De tels changements dependent en outre des conditions historiques, de la capacite d'individus et d'institutions de s'adapter et d'agir, et des decisions prises par les producteurs de technologies, les usagers et les createurs de politiques gouvernementales. Cet article met en relief les orientations et les perspectives dominantes en sciences humaines au Royaume-Uni qui ont emergees au "Programme sur les technologies d'information et de communications'' (Programme on Information and Communication Technologies [PICT]) etabli par le "Conseil de recherches economiques et sociales'' (Economic and Social Research Council).
Fabrication of Chitosan/Silk Fibroin Composite Nanofibers for Wound-dressing Applications

Chitosan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide with abundant resources, has been extensively exploited for various biomedical applications, typically as wound dressings owing to its unique biocompatibility, good biodegradability and excellent antibacterial properties. In this work, composite nanofibrous membranes of chitosan (CS) and silk fibroin (SF) were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The morphology of electrospun blend nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fiber diameters decreased with the increasing percentage of chitosan. Further, the mechanical test illustrated that the addition of silk fibroin enhanced the mechanical properties of CS/SF nanofibers. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) were evaluated by the turbidity measurement method; and results suggest that the antibacterial effect of composite nanofibers varied on the type of bacteria. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of murine fibroblast on as-prepared nanofibrous membranes was investigated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and MTT assays in vitro, and the membranes were found to promote the cell attachment and proliferation. These results suggest that as-prepared chitosan/silk fibroin (CS/SF) composite nanofibrous membranes could be a promising candidate for wound healing applications.
The diagnostic challenge of progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD): A review of clinical features, radiographic features, and WISP3 mutations in 63 affected individuals

Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is a genetic, non‐inflammatory arthropathy caused by recessive loss of function mutations in WISP3 (Wnt1‐inducible signaling pathway protein 3; MIM 603400), encoding for a signaling protein. The disease is clinically silent at birth and in infancy. It manifests between the age of 3 and 6 years with joint pain and progressive joint stiffness. Affected children are referred to pediatric rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons; however, signs of inflammation are absent and anti‐inflammatory treatment is of little help. Bony enlargement at the interphalangeal joints progresses leading to camptodactyly. Spine involvement develops in late childhood and adolescence leading to short trunk with thoracolumbar kyphosis. Adult height is usually below the 3rd percentile. Radiographic signs are relatively mild. Platyspondyly develops in late childhood and can be the first clue to the diagnosis. Enlargement of the phalangeal metaphyses develops subtly and is usually recognizable by 10 years. The femoral heads are large and the acetabulum forms a distinct “lip” overriding the femoral head. There is a progressive narrowing of all articular spaces as articular cartilage is lost. Medical management of PPRD remains symptomatic and relies on pain medication. Hip joint replacement surgery in early adulthood is effective in reducing pain and maintaining mobility and can be recommended. Subsequent knee joint replacement is a further option. Mutation analysis of WISP3 allowed the confirmation of the diagnosis in 63 out of 64 typical cases in our series. Intronic mutations in WISP3 leading to splicing aberrations can be detected only in cDNA from fibroblasts and therefore a skin biopsy is indicated when genomic analysis fails to reveal mutations in individuals with otherwise typical signs and symptoms. In spite of the first symptoms appearing in early childhood, the diagnosis of PPRD is most often made only in the second decade and affected children often receive unnecessary anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive treatments. Increasing awareness of PPRD appears to be essential to allow for a timely diagnosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Maize Genome Contains a Helitron Insertion Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.008375.

The maize mutation sh2-7527 was isolated in a conventional maize breeding program in the 1970s. Although the mutant contains foreign sequences within the gene, the mutation is not attributable to an interchromosomal exchange or to a chromosomal inversion. Hence, the mutation was caused by an insertion. Sequences at the two Sh2 borders have not been scrambled or mutated, suggesting that the insertion is not caused by a catastrophic reshuffling of the maize genome. The insertion is large, at least 12 kb, and is highly repetitive in maize. As judged by hybridization, sorghum contains only one or a few copies of the element, whereas no hybridization was seen to the Arabidopsis genome. The insertion acts from a distance to alter the splicing of the sh2 pre-mRNA. Three distinct intron-bearing maize genes were found in the insertion. Of most significance, the insertion bears striking similarity to the recently described DNA helicase–bearing transposable elements termed Helitrons. Like Helitrons, the inserted sequence of sh2-7527 is large, lacks terminal repeats, does not duplicate host sequences, and was inserted between a host dinucleotide AT. Like Helitrons, the maize element contains 5′ TC and 3′ CTRR termini as well as two short palindromic sequences near the 3′ terminus that potentially can form a 20-bp hairpin. Although the maize element lacks sequence information for a DNA helicase, it does contain four exons with similarity to a plant DEAD box RNA helicase. A second Helitron insertion was found in the maize genomic database. These data strongly suggest an active Helitron in the present-day maize genome.
Adult AD/HD, metamemory, and self-regulation in context

AD/HD in adulthood is associated with ongoing academic impairments. A metacognitive theoretical framework was used to review the extant literature on cognitive deficits in AD/HD and to construct laboratory measures of metacognitive monitoring and control relevant to educational settings. Reviewed evidence of deficits in metacognitive control was strong while evidence of problems in monitoring was equivocal. Two sets of laboratory memory tasks were used to address questions of metamemory monitoring and control, as well as to examine whether a highly unstructured task would be incrementally more difficult for adults with AD/HD due to greater demands on executive functioning. Sixty-eight adults with and without AD/HD were assessed using structured interviews and self-reports and completed laboratory tasks, interviews, and questionnaires tapping metamemory. Adults with AD/HD were just as accurate as the comparison group at predicting their memory performance, despite remembering fewer words on the unstructured task. Groups did not differ in the relationship between their predictions and their study behavior (study time, item selection) nor in the amount of time they spent studying items. However, adults with AD/HD were less likely to use a self-testing strategy during an unstructured task and were less likely to report associating word pairs during a structured, computerized task. Results suggest that adults with AD/HD may not be impaired in metacognitive monitoring during a task, but they are less likely to use effective study strategies than adults without AD/HD, especially when tasks are unstructured. Several targets for intervention are discussed and it is suggested that future research include assessments of self-efficacy, self-reported study behavior, and methods to investigate study plan formulation versus execution.
Evolving the structure of Evolution Strategies

Various variants of the well known Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) have been proposed recently, which improve the empirical performance of the original algorithm by structural modifications. However, in practice it is often unclear which variation is best suited to the specific optimization problem at hand. As one approach to tackle this issue, algorithmic mechanisms attached to CMA-ES variants are considered and extracted as functional modules, allowing for combinations of them. This leads to a configuration space over ES structures, which enables the exploration of algorithm structures and paves the way toward novel algorithm generation. Specifically, eleven modules are incorporated in this framework with two or three alternative configurations for each module, resulting in 4 608 algorithms. A self-adaptive Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to efficiently evolve effective ES-structures for given classes of optimization problems, outperforming any classical CMA-ES variants from literature. The proposed approach is evaluated on noiseless functions from BBOB suite. Furthermore, such an observation is again confirmed on different function groups and dimensionality, indicating the feasibility of ES configuration on real-world problem classes.
Antibiotic Utilization Improvement with the Nanosphere Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Assay

New technologies offer rapid identification of organisms and antimicrobial resistance markers in blood cultures several hours faster than conventional methods. We sought to determine whether implementation of the Verigene® Gram-Positive Blood Culture (BC-GP) assay paired with a well-defined results reporting algorithm would lead to earlier deescalation of empiric therapy for inpatients with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteremia. The algorithm design focused on lessening the demand for pharmacist time by using electronic communications where possible. Our study compared inpatients with MSSA and VRE bacteremia from the time period before (pre-BC-GP) and after (post-BC-GP) implementation of the assay on June 25, 2013. The time from blood draw to identification and susceptibility results was decreased by 36.4 hours (P < 0.001) in the post-BC-GP group. The mean time from collection to the first dose of optimal antibiotics was reduced in the post-BC-GP group by 18.9 hours (P = 0.004) overall, with a 20.6-hour reduction (P = 0.009) for patients with MSSA and a 20.7-hour reduction (P = 0.077) for patients with VRE. Additionally, the percent of patients on empiric therapy who were placed on optimal antibiotics at any time after the Gram stain result was available increased from 64% (45/70) pre-BC-GP to 80% (43/54) post-BC-GP. The BC-GP led to an increased rate of deescalation of empiric antibiotics and a reduction in the time to optimal antibiotics for patients with MSSA and VRE bacteremia.
Choice Behavior Guided by Learned, But Not Innate, Taste Aversion Recruits the Orbitofrontal Cortex

The ability to select an appropriate behavioral response guided by previous emotional experiences is critical for survival. Although much is known about brain mechanisms underlying emotional associations, little is known about how these associations guide behavior when several choices are available. To address this, we performed local pharmacological inactivations of several cortical regions before retrieval of an aversive memory in choice-based versus no-choice-based conditioned taste aversion (CTA) tasks in rats. Interestingly, we found that inactivation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but not the dorsal or ventral medial prefrontal cortices, blocked retrieval of choice CTA. However, OFC inactivation left retrieval of no-choice CTA intact, suggesting its role in guiding choice, but not in retrieval of CTA memory. Consistently, OFC activity increased in the choice condition compared with no-choice, as measured with c-Fos immunolabeling. Notably, OFC inactivation did not affect choice behavior when it was guided by innate taste aversion. Consistent with an anterior insular cortex (AIC) involvement in storing taste memories, we found that AIC inactivation impaired retrieval of both choice and no-choice CTA. Therefore, this study provides evidence for OFC's role in guiding choice behavior and shows that this is dissociable from AIC-dependent taste aversion memory. Together, our results suggest that OFC is required and recruited to guide choice selection between options of taste associations relayed from AIC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Survival and mental health depend on being able to choose stimuli not associated with danger. This is particularly important when danger is associated with stimuli that we ingest. Although much is known about the brain mechanisms that underlie associations with dangerous taste stimuli, very little is known about how these stored emotional associations guide behavior when it involves choice. By combining pharmacological and immunohistochemistry tools with taste-guided tasks, our study provides evidence for the key role of orbitofrontal cortex activity in choice behavior and shows that this is dissociable from the adjacent insular cortex-dependent taste aversion memory. Understanding the brain mechanisms that underlie the impact that emotional associations have on survival choice behaviors may lead to better treatments for mental disorders characterized by emotional decision-making deficits.
Thermal Characterization of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Chip Stack

In order to determine appropriate cooling solutions for 3D chip stacks in various cases, it is important to have a better understanding of the total thermal resistance of a 3D chip stack. For this purpose, precise thermal resistance measurements and modeling of each component of a 3D chip stack are important. The thermal resistance of interconnection is considered to be one of the thermal resistance bottlenecks of a 3D chip stack. In this study, a steady-state thermal resistance measurement method is employed for the thermal resistance measurement of interconnection. The thermal resistance of the 200 μm pitch C4's (Pb97Sn3) jointed samples are measured and the thermal conductivity of C4's is derived to be 18–24 W/mK. With regard to the thermal resistance of a silicon substrate, the thermal resistance of a silicon substrate with various interconnection pitches and diameters has already been modeled by considering the concentrated heat flow to interconnection, as presented in ICEP 2008. [15] Based on the modeled data, the thermal resistance reduction by underfill with various interconnection pitches and diameters is also studied.
A fully printed ferrite nano-particle ink based tunable antenna

Inkjet printing or printing in general has emerged as a very attractive method for the fabrication of low cost and large size electronic systems. However, most of the printed designs rely on nano-particle based metallic inks which are printed on conventional microwave substrates. In order to have a fully printed fabrication process, the substrate also need to be printed. In this paper, a fully printed multi-layer process utilizing custom Fe2O3 based magnetic ink and a silver organic complex (SOC) ink is demonstrated for tunable antennas applications. The ink has been characterized for high frequency and magnetostatic properties. Finally as a proof of concept, a microstrip patch antenna is realized using the proposed fabrication technique which shows a tuning range of 12.5 %.
Algorithms on Ideal over Complex Multiplication order

We show in this paper that the Gentry-Szydlo algorithm for cyclotomic orders, previously revisited by Lenstra-Silverberg, can be extended to complex-multiplication (CM) orders, and even to a more general structure. This algorithm allows to test equality over the polarized ideal class group, and finds a generator of the polarized ideal in polynomial time. Also, the algorithm allows to solve the norm equation over CM orders and the recent reduction of principal ideals to the real suborder can also be performed in polynomial time. Furthermore, we can also compute in polynomial time a unit of an order of any number field given a (not very precise) approximation of it. Our description of the Gentry-Szydlo algorithm is different from the original and Lenstra- Silverberg's variant and we hope the simplifications made will allow a deeper understanding. Finally, we show that the well-known speed-up for enumeration and sieve algorithms for ideal lattices over power of two cyclotomics can be generalized to any number field with many roots of unity.