Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oscillation Model for Describing Network Dynamics Caused by Asymmetric Node Interaction

This paper proposes an oscillation model for analyzing the dynamics of activity propagation across social media networks. In order to analyze such dynamics, we generally need to model asymmetric interactions between nodes. In matrix-based network models, asymmetric interaction is frequently modeled by a directed graph expressed as an asymmetric matrix. Unfortunately, the dynamics of an asymmetric matrix-based model is difficult to analyze. This paper, first of all, discusses a symmetric matrix-based model that can describe some types of link asymmetry, and then proposes an oscillation model on networks. Next, the proposed oscillation model is generalized to arbitrary link asymmetry. We describe the outlines of four important research topics derived from the proposed oscillation model. First, we show that the oscillation energy of each node gives a generalized notion of node centrality. Second, we introduce a framework that uses resonance to estimate the natural frequency of networks. Natural frequency is important information for recognizing network structure. Third, by generalizing the oscillation model on directed networks, we create a dynamical model that can describe flaming on social media networks. Finally, we show the fundamental equation of oscillation on networks, which provides an important breakthrough for generalizing the spectral graph theory applicable to directed graphs. key words: spectral graph theory, coupled oscillators, node centrality, resonance, flaming, quantum theory
Indexation de flux télévisuel grâce aux microblogs

L'indexation video televisuelle se fait habituellement par extraction de caracteristiques depuis le flux video mais ces techniques ne permettent pas d'obtenir un haut niveau semantique. Nous proposons d'extraire des informations semantiquement interessantes directement depuis des microblogs commentant ce flux video ainsi que du texte journalistique. Dans cette optique, nous voyons les techniques existantes d'extraction d'informations. Nous nous interessons a la reconnaissance d'entites nommees, a la detection d'evenements et a l'analyse de sentiments. Puis, nous nous interessons aux differentes particularites des microblogs par rapport a d'autres sources textuelles comme le texte journalistique, comme leur taille ou leur niveau de langage. Nous proposons une methode pour utiliser les avantages des deux sources de donnees, en combinant la qualite du texte journalistique ainsi que des informations de popularite tirees des microblogs, en utilisant des techniques eprouvees d'alignement de sequences et de recherche d'information. Puis, nous nous interessons ensuite a l'analyse de la polarite dans ces microblogs. Nous obtenons des assez bons resultats qui ouvrent beaucoup de pistes pour de travaux futurs.
The Hazards of Hidden Heavy Metals in Face Make-ups

As a result of the widespread use of facial makeup many studies were reported for the determination of heavy metals in cosmetic products using different methods and instruments. Several facial cosmetics (powders and eyeliners) available in Sudan were analyzed for their contents of the heavy metals: arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Samples were manufactured in different countries. The quantification of these heavy metals was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The analyses were preceded by microwave-assisted acid digestion of the products. The concentrations of the As and Cd are in the range of (2.376- 6.796) and (0.2179-0.6179) ppm in the powder products and (1.504-4.084) and (0.1559-0.2959) ppm in the eyeliner products respectively. The Pb average (median) content is 3.288 and 0.0 ppm in the powder and eyeliner products. The mercury wasn't detected in any of the products analyzed. The percentages of the powder products analyzed contain As, Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations above the allowed limits are 81.8, 0.0, 9.1 and 0.0% respectively, but in the eyeliner products 50% of them contain Arsenic concentration above the allowed limit (3.0 ppm).
A Mutation in a Purported Regulatory Gene Affects Control of Sterol Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Aerobically growing wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are unable to take exogenously supplied sterols from media. This aerobic sterol exclusion is vitiated under anaerobic conditions, in heme-deficient strains, and under some conditions of impaired sterol synthesis. Mutants which can take up sterols aerobically in heme-competent cells have been selected. One of these mutations, designated upc2-1, gives a pleiotropic phenotype in characteristics as diverse as aerobic accumulation of sterols, total lipid storage, sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors, response to altered sterol structures, and cation requirements. During experiments designed to ascertain the effects of various cations on yeast with sterol alterations, it was observed that upc2-1was hypersensitive to Ca2+. Using resistance to Ca2+ as a screening vehicle, we cloned UPC2 and showed that it is YDR213W, an open reading frame on chromosome IV. This belongs to a fungal regulatory family containing the Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding domain. The single guanine-to-adenine transition in upc2-1 gives a predicted amino acid change from glycine to aspartic acid. The regulatory defect explains the semidominance and pleiotropic effects of upc2-1.
An effective object tracking based on spatio-temporal context learning and Hog

This paper proposes an improved object tracking approach based on spatial-temporal context and hog descriptor of image to improve the accuracy and real-time of object tracking. Hog is an effective feature to represent the image in visual tracking. We extract the hog feature instead of raw pixel. In order to fully use the information of background, the object tracking can be regarded as the spatio-temporal model. A confidence map is found by computing the spatio-temporal model. The target location is decided by likelihood function. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms favorably against others tracking approach based on kernel method in many complex conditions.
Chi-Square Target Models of Low Degrees of Freedom

tember 1975. This paper presents probability-of-detection curves for a slowly fluctuating target exhibiting chi-square characteristics with less than two degrees of freedom. Each graph covers the range from 1 to 100 pulses being noncoherently integrated (N) after being converted to video by a square-law detector. Additional graphs for rapidly fluctuating targets are not presented (or required) for reasons that will become apparent later in this paper. These graphs, identified as "Meyer plots," are in the same format as those previously published by the authors, but for different target models [1 ] . The plots offer a convenient means of determining probability of detection PD' given any practical Fehlner false-alarm number n', average single-pulse signal-to-noise ratio x, and number of pulses (individual signal returns) noncoherently integratod N. The previously published plots were for the five standard target models, all of which have chi-square density functions with one or more duo-degrees of freedom (k > 1). The target models for which data are now being presented have chi-square density functions with 0.7, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 duo-degrees of freedom. These values of k encompass the range of values of 0.3 S k < 0.7, defining what are often identified as the Weinstock target models [2]. Sixteen plots are presented, one each for the above four values of k in combination with four valties of Fehlner's false-alarm number n'104, 106, 108, and 1010. An example is presented which demonstrates that by cross plotting, using the curves presented and those already available, many target and propagation characteristics can be accounted for. Also presented is a review of the chisquare target model and some information on how the new curves were generated.
A comparison of remifentanil and sufentanil as adjuvants during sevoflurane anesthesia with epidural analgesia for upper abdominal surgery: effects on postoperative recovery and respiratory function.

UNLABELLED We compared the recovery profile and postoperative SpO(2) after the administration of general anesthesia with either sevoflurane-remifentanil or sevoflurane-sufentanil in 30 healthy patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. They were randomly allocated to receive general anesthesia with sevoflurane and small doses of either remifentanil (n = 15) or sufentanil (n = 15), followed by postoperative epidural analgesia. The median sevoflurane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration-hour was 2.3 (1.2-6.3) in group Remifentanil and 2.6 (1.4-5.2) in group Sufentanil (P: = 0.39), while the median consumption of remifentanil was 1.3 mg (0.7-3.4 mg) and sufentanil 0.09 mg (0.05-0.6 mg). Tracheal extubation required 10 min (6-18 min) with remifentanil and 14 min (8-24 min) with sufentanil (P: = 0.05); however, no differences in time to discharge from the recovery area were reported (24 min [12-75 min] with remifentanil and 30 min [12-135 min] with sufentanil; P: = 0. 35). From the first to seventh hour after surgery, SpO(2) was decreased more in the sufentanil than in the remifentanil group (P: = 0.001), and seven patients in the sufentanil group showed at least one episode with SpO(2) < or = 90% for more than 1 min (P: = 0.006) (median: 1 episode; range: 0-17 episodes; P: = 0.003). When added to sevoflurane, remifentanil is as effective as sufentanil during the intraoperative period, but provides shorter time to tracheal extubation and fewer effects on postoperative SpO(2) in the first 7 h after surgery. IMPLICATIONS In this double-blinded study, we evaluated the effects of adding small infusions of either remifentanil or sufentanil to sevoflurane in combination with postoperative epidural analgesia for upper abdominal surgery. We demonstrated that remifentanil is as effective as sufentanil during the intraoperative period, but that it provides shorter time to extubation and fewer effects on postoperative SpO(2) in the first 7 h after surgery.
Automatic affective appraisal of sexual penetration stimuli in women with vaginismus or dyspareunia.

INTRODUCTION Current psychological views are that negative appraisals of sexual stimuli lie at the core of sexual dysfunctions. It is important to differentiate between deliberate appraisals and more automatic appraisals, as research has shown that the former are most relevant to controllable behaviors, and the latter are most relevant to reflexive behaviors. Accordingly, it can be hypothesized that in women with vaginismus, the persistent difficulty to allow vaginal entry is due to global negative automatic affective appraisals that trigger reflexive pelvic floor muscle contraction at the prospect of penetration. AIM To test whether sexual penetration pictures elicited global negative automatic affective appraisals in women with vaginismus or dyspareunia and to examine whether deliberate appraisals and automatic appraisals differed between the two patient groups. METHODS Women with persistent vaginismus (N = 24), dyspareunia (N = 23), or no sexual complaints (N = 30) completed a pictorial Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST), and then made a global affective assessment of the EAST stimuli using visual analogue scales (VAS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The EAST assessed global automatic affective appraisals of sexual penetration stimuli, while the VAS assessed global deliberate affective appraisals of these stimuli. RESULTS Automatic affective appraisals of sexual penetration stimuli tended to be positive, independent of the presence of sexual complaints. Deliberate appraisals of the same stimuli were significantly more negative in the women with vaginismus than in the dyspareunia group and control group, while the latter two groups did not differ in their appraisals. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, deliberate appraisals seemed to be most important in vaginismus, whereas dyspareunia did not seem to implicate negative deliberate or automatic affective appraisals. These findings dispute the view that global automatic affect lies at the core of vaginismus and indicate that a useful element in therapeutic interventions may be the modification of deliberate global affective appraisals of sexual penetration (e.g., via counter-conditioning).
Effects of defolliculation on membrane current responses of Xenopus oocytes.

1. Catecholamines, adenosine, gonadotrophins, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and E‐series prostaglandins all elicit K+ currents in follicle‐enclosed Xenopus oocytes. Evidence suggests that cyclic nucleotides act as intracellular messengers in the activation of this K+ conductance. Muscarinic agonists and some divalent cations (e.g. Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+) elicit slow oscillatory Cl‐ currents, which are activated through hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids and mobilization of intracellular calcium by inositol phosphates. 2. We investigated whether these membrane current responses were generated in the oocyte itself or in enveloping follicular cells which are coupled to the oocyte by gap junctions. Oocytes were defolliculated, either enzymatically using collagenase, or by manual dissection combined with rolling over poly‐L‐lysine‐coated slides. Removal of follicular cells was checked using scanning electron microscopy. Membrane current responses of defolliculated oocytes were compared with responses seen in follicle‐enclosed oocytes taken from the same ovary. 3. The K+ responses evoked by all the various hormones/neurotransmitters were either drastically reduced (greater than 90%) or abolished by defolliculation. K+ currents generated by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and by intraoocyte injection of adenosine 3',5'‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), or guanosine 3',5'‐cyclic monophosphate were similarly reduced in defolliculated oocytes. In contrast, oscillatory Cl‐ currents to acetylcholine and divalent cations were selectively preserved through defolliculation. 4. Injection of cyclic AMP (1‐20 pmol) into defolliculated oocytes had little or no effect on oscillatory Cl‐ currents elicited by ACh. However, the calcium‐dependent transient Cl‐ current, activated by depolarization of the oocyte membrane, was consistently potentiated (100‐900%) by injections of cyclic AMP (1‐10 pmol). 5. These experiments suggest that cyclic nucleotide‐activated K+ currents arise essentially in follicular cells and are monitored within the oocyte through electrical coupling by gap junctions. Oscillatory Cl‐ responses evoked by ACh and divalent cations are produced largely or wholly in the oocyte itself.
An experimental study of bidding behavior in procurement auctions with subcontract bids: Profits, efficiency, and policy implications

In order to lower the estimates of the total project costs, prime contractors often solicit bids from subcontractors which can complete their works with lower costs than they do by themselves, prior to submitting their own bids in procurement auctions. This paper presents a simple model of such two-stage auctions and shows some observations in a laboratory experiment conducted to examine theoretical predictions. Our main observations are as follows. (1) Subcontractors bid more aggressively (i.e., they lower their bids) in the first-price subcontract auctions, as compared to the case where there is no second-stage competition among prime contractors. (2) Second-price subcontract auctions render higher profits to prime contractors than first-price auctions. (3) First-price subcontract auctions more likely achieve ex post efficient allocations of a subcontract work than second-price auctions. The policy implications are also discussed.
[Monitoring of naevus density--an approximate marker of previous UV exposure--in children at school enrollment as a method to detect shifts in melanoma risk in the population].

OBJECTIVE Naevus density in children depends both on constitutional factors (see below) and on previous (solar) UV exposure, which is a well-known risk factor for malignant melanoma. Secular trends of childhood UV exposure - e. g. , due to intervention programmes - can be monitored by repeated, standardised cross-sectional studies assessing naevus density in children. METHODS The 'CMONDE-Study (childhood monitoring of naevus density)' appears as a suitable instrument, introduced into the process of school enrollment for children of the years 1999 and 2000 in Göttingen. RESULTS Analyses are based on 3883 children. Median age was 6.25 years, the proportion of girls 47 %. Median naevus density was 5.8/m(2), with an increase of density from 'Fitzpatrick skin type' IV to II, but marked decrease in type I. Similarly, naevus density increased with increasing lightness of hair colour, but was very low in red-haired individuals. While the number of freckles was also strongly associated with naevus density, the association between iris colour and skin darkness, respectively, was weak. CONCLUSION To meet the objective of continual monitoring, further comparative cross-sectional studies are needed.
Fuzzy One-Class Classification Model Using Contamination Neighborhoods

A fuzzy classification model is studied in the paper. It is based on the contaminated (robust) model which produces fuzzy expected risk measures characterizing classification errors. Optimal classification parameters of the models are derived by minimizing the fuzzy expected risk. It is shown that an algorithm for computing the classification parameters is reduced to a set of standard support vector machine tasks with weighted data points. Experimental results with synthetic data illustrate the proposed fuzzy model.
The Archaeology of the Military Orders: The Material Culture of Holy War

THIS PAPER reviews the current state of research into the archaeology of the military orders. It contrasts the advances made by historians and archaeologists, with the latter continuing to focus on the particularism of individual sites, with an emphasis on architectural analyses. Historians have contributed new insights by adopting a supranational approach. This paper argues that archaeologists can build on this by adopting a more problem-oriented, comparative approach. Drawing on examples from frontier and heartland territories, archaeological approaches are subdivided into material investment, material identity and cultural landscapes, to place sites of the military orders within long-term, multi-scalar contexts. This contributes to a broader social and economic understanding of the orders, who contributed significantly to urbanisation, rural development and trade, and invested in material expressions of their authority and ideology. The paper concludes that more holistic, interregional approaches will move the archaeological study of the military orders forward.
The dose-dependent effects of fentanyl on rat skeletal muscle microcirculation in vivo.

Determining the effects of analgesia on the microcirculation is difficult because the surgery needed to allow in vivo observation often requires anesthesia. In this study, we used the dorsal microcirculatory chamber (DMC) to determine the effects of large (LF) and small (SF) dose IV fentanyl on the microcirculation compared with a conscious control. Male Wistar rats (130 g, n = 5) were implanted with the DMC to enclose a single layer of striated muscle. Animals were allowed 3 wk to recover from surgery and then, over the following 2 wk (1 infusion/wk) using intravital microscopy, the microcirculation was viewed in conscious animals (t = 0-30 min), followed by an induction bolus dose (t = 40-45 min), then a "step-up" maintenance infusion of one of the following, LF (40-90 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)), SF (10-60 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)), or saline (5-10 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) (t = 45-105 min). Small arterioles (<30 micro m) dilated (23.6% +/- 7.1%) after induction with LF, but constricted (-21.3% +/- 7.1%) with SF (P < 0.05). During maintenance, constriction increased with increasing dose of LF (-21.9% +/- 4.0%) and SF (-16.7% +/- 9.1%) (t = 105 min, P < 0.05). Similar patterns were observed in all arterioles (10-120 microm) and venules (15-250 microm). We conclude that the DMC provides an excellent technique for observing microcirculatory responses to fentanyl, and in rat skeletal muscle in vivo, an i.v. infusion of fentanyl produces significant constriction of arterioles.
Increased Expression of High-Mobility Group Protein B1 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and many inflammatory cells and cytokines are involved in its pathogenesis. High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that has a proinflammatory function when secreted into extracellular space. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of HMGB1 in paranasal sinus mucosa and to determine the difference of HMGB1 expression between CRS patients and normal controls. Methods Paranasal sinus mucosa was obtained from 10 patients with CRS and 10 patients without CRS. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect mRNA and protein. Sections of the mucosa were immunostained for localization of HMGB1 and image analysis was performed. Results RT-PCR and real-time PCR showed that the expression level of HMGB1 mRNA was significantly increased in the tissues of patients with CRS compared with controls. Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of HMGB1 protein was significantly increased in the tissues of CRS. In immunohistochemical staining, the HMGB1 protein was expressed in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells and the expression intensity of HMGB1 protein was stronger in CRS. Conclusion HMGB1 is increased in the paranasal sinus mucosa of patients with CRS. These results suggest a possible contribution of HMGB1 in the pathophysiology of CRS.
Accidental Iatrogenic Pneumothorax in Hospitalized Patients

Objective:Iatrogenic pneumothorax (IP) is an inherent risk to patients who undergo procedures that involve the intentional puncturing of the lung. IP also could occur accidentally to patients who do not undergo such procedures; such accidental IP (AIP) is suggestive of lapses in safe care. This study assessed the risk for AIP in patients hospitalized with specific diagnoses who underwent specific procedures. Research Design:We analyzed 7.5 million discharge abstracts from 994 short-term acute care hospitals across 28 states in 2000 in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. AHRQ Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) were used to identify AIP. AIP incidences and associated diagnoses and procedures were explored. Results:Patients who were admitted for pleurisy, cancer of the kidney and renal pelvis, or conduction disorders and complications of cardiac devices had the highest rates of developing AIP during hospitalization, with AIP rates at 2.24%, 1.14%, and 0.83% respectively. The procedure-specific rates for AIP varied from 2.68% for patients who underwent thoracentesis to 1.30% for those who underwent nephrectomy, to 0.06% for those who underwent gastrostomy. Thoracentesis appeared to be a high-risk procedure for patients who were admitted for secondary malignancies, pleurisy, or pneumonia, with AIP rates at 3.76%, 3.13%, and 2.28%, respectively. Conclusions:Although AIP is most common after thoracentesis, it is a substantial threat to patients undergoing a wide range of procedures.
Asymptotics of Implied Volatility far from Maturity

This note explores the behaviour of the implied volatility of a European call option far from maturity. Asymptotic formulae are derived with precise control over the error terms. The connection between the asymptotic implied volatility and the cumulant generating function of the logarithm of the underlying stock price is discussed in detail and illustrated by examples.