Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matching managers to strategies: Point and counterpoint

In recent years, an emerging and increasingly popular theme in the strategic management literature has been that the selection of general managers should be tied directly to the strategies of business units they will oversee. Because different strategies imply different priorities and the need for different skills, such a proposition has obvious intuitive appeal. Beyond intuitive appeal and supporting conceptual arguments, recent empirical research on whether matching general managers to strategies “pays off” in terms of more effective strategy implementation has also yielded positive results. Despite this evidence, several arguments exist for why it may not always be feasible, necessary, or desirable to match general managers to strategies. Thus, there is need for a point-counterpoint “debate” on the subject of matching general managers to strategies. Based on a review of the relvant literature, logical reasoning, as well as some case evidence, this paper is intended to be such a debate undertaken by the author with himself. It is hoped that such a dialectical analysis will open up new avenues for productive research and also enable corporate executives to make better “managerial selection” decisions.
The IWSLT 2016 Evaluation Campaign

The IWSLT 2016 Evaluation Campaign featured two tasks: the translation of talks and the translation of video conference conversations. While the first task extends previously offered tasks with talks from a different source, the second task is completely new. For both tasks, three tracks were organised: automatic speech recognition (ASR), spoken language translation (SLT), and machine translation (MT). Main translation directions that were offered are English to/from German and English to French. Additionally, the MT track included English to/from Arabic and Czech, as well as French to English. We received this year run submissions from 11 research labs. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, while submissions for two of the MT talk tasks were also evaluated with human post-editing. Results of the human evaluation show improvements over the best submissions of last year.
Do Longer School Days Have Enduring Educational, Occupational, or Income Effects? A Natural Experiment in Buenos Aires, Argentina

In 1971, longer school days were decreed for around half the public primary schools in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Since participating schools were chosen roughly at random, an unusual opportunity for a natural experiment was created. In 2006 and 2007, we interviewed a sample of 380 alumni of the 1971 cohort, thirty years after their 1977 graduation in schools both with and without longer days. The main results are as follows. Students that attended double-shift (DS) primary schools had secondary school graduation rates 21 percent higher than those that attended single-shift primary schools. This result is mainly explained by what happened with the students with low socioeconomic status. Regarding tertiary and postgraduate educational levels, we have found both positive and negative impacts of DS. These last results, taken together with the absence of enduring effects of DS on income and employment and with the fact that DS students do not have a better knowledge of a second language, in spite of having had it as a subject in the school, suggest that the quality of the content and learning in DS schools was not good. These findings are very relevant when considering the extension of DS to other schools or to the whole educational system.
Does Banking Union Worsen the EU's Democratic Deficit? The Need for Greater Supervisory Data Transparency

Does banking union exacerbate the European Union's democratic deficit? Using Scharpf's ‘input’ and ‘output’ legitimacy concepts, it is argued in this article that its design does worsen the democratic deficit. There are good reasons to limit ‘input legitimacy’ for politically independent institutions. ‘Output legitimacy’ is then even more relevant. Transparency is a key part of ‘output legitimacy’. It enables actors to judge whether the regulator is acting in the public's interest and can improve their outputs. This article focuses on the banking data that the supervisors collect. Data available to the European public is evaluated and compared to America's banking union. European practices are not comparable in terms of availability or detail. An original survey of relevant officials is conducted, which results in the finding that only 11 of 28 Member States release any information on the banks they supervise. Both EU and national supervisors should provide publicly available, timely and consistent individual bank data.
Symptomatic and functional responses to concentric-eccentric isokinetic versus eccentric-only isotonic exercise.

CONTEXT Rehabilitation protocols involving eccentric resistance exercise performed with loading more than 100% concentric 1-repetition maximum are effective in increasing muscle function in both healthy and injured populations. The mode of eccentric exercise (isokinetic versus isotonic) may be an important factor in limiting symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness and in improving muscle function after training. OBJECTIVE To compare functional and symptomatic responses after an eccentric-only (ECC) isotonic exercise protocol and after a combined concentric-eccentric (CON-ECC) isokinetic exercise protocol matched for total exercise volume. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Controlled research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four healthy, untrained, college-aged men (n = 12) and women (n = 12). INTERVENTION(S) Participants were randomly assigned to the ECC isotonic or CON-ECC isokinetic exercise group and performed a single bout of resistance exercise involving the elbow flexors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Measurements of elbow flexion and extension, isometric strength, and muscle point tenderness were obtained before exercise (baseline) and during follow-up sessions (days 2, 4, 7, and 14). Separate 1-way analyses of variance and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine outcome differences. Tukey post hoc testing was performed when indicated. RESULTS At baseline, no differences were present between groups for any measure. The ECC isotonic exercise protocol resulted in a 30% to 36% deficit in muscle strength, a 5% to 7% reduction in elbow flexion, and a 6% to 8% reduction in elbow extension at follow-up days 2 and 4 (P < .01). The CON-ECC isokinetic exercise protocol did not alter muscle strength or range of motion at any time when compared with baseline. Muscle point tenderness increased from baseline on days 2 and 4 in both groups (P < .05) but was not different between groups throughout the recovery period. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated more pronounced functional deficits occurred after a single bout of ECC isotonic exercise than with a CON-ECC isokinetic exercise protocol matched for training volume.
Wage expectations in northern and southern Italian regions: An interpretation based on psychological and social factors

Individual wage expectations of Italian unemployed are studied. The analysis is carried out separately for the North‐Central and southern Italian regions using semiparametric additive models. Results show a marked difference in expectations formation across regions. We argue that as far as the labour market information in the South is less diffuse and more ambiguous than in the North, the divergence between the econometric model based on a utility‐maximisation mainstream theory and the actual wage expectation mechanism may be large. A tentative explanation based on psychological and social factors is offered.
An Empirical Evaluation of Innovation Types and Organizational and Environmental Characteristics: Towards a Configuration Framework

The purpose of this article is to identify the antecedents of service, organizational process (organization and marketization), and ancillary innovation types. The drivers of the study are twofold: prior research has not adequately addressed how organizational and environmental antecedents may vary by innovation type, and the impact of complementary relationships between innovation types has not been systematically estimated in public organizations. Data are drawn from a 2-yr multiple informant study of English local authorities. The results of the multivariate analysis show that the antecedents of different innovation types are complex and that complementary relationships between innovation types might not be as widespread as is theorized. Configuration theory is proposed as a framework to move away from examining the myriad of individual variables and toward a consideration of the relationships between antecedents and innovation types. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Sell‐offs, internal capital markets, and long run performance: Canadian evidence

Purpose - The paper's aim is to analyze excess returns generated by Canadian sell-offs and their links to changes in firms' internal capital allocation efficiency to test the efficiency of internal capital markets after assets divestitures. Design/methodology/approach - This study investigates the relationship between the level of the excess returns subsequent to sell-offs and changes in the capital allocated through internal capital markets. The authors measure excess returns by calculating buy-and-hold abnormal (BHAR) returns up to three years after divestitures and test whether changes in value are related to changes in investment efficiency. The paper uses the relative value added by allocation (RVA) as developed by Rajan Findings - The study reveals that on average assets divestitures enable Canadian firms to keep up with the performance of their peers of the same industrial sector during the long-run post divestiture period. A closer look at the results shows that the variation of long-run post divestitures performance among Canadian firms is significantly and positively linked to changes in the allocational efficiency of the internal capital markets. These results suggest that dismantling some parts of the internal capital market does lead to improvements in firm value in the long run. Research limitations/implications - The sample is limited to a group of firms that sell off a portion of their assets. Further research could be conducted to determine whether other divestiture methods (spin-off, sell-off or equity carve-out) have any impact on internal capital allocation efficiency and long run financial performance. Originality/Value - The paper adds to other studies examining the source of gains from divestitures by documenting the effects of changes in internal capital allocation efficiency on the creation of long-term shareholder wealth.
(M-CSF) Stimulation and Regulates Factor upon Macrophage Colony-Stimulating SHIP2 Is Recruited to the Cell Membrane

The Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase SHIP1 functions in hemopoietic cells to limit activation events mediated by PI3K products, including Akt activation and cell survival. In contrast to the limited cellular expression of SHIP1, the related isoform SHIP2, is widely expressed in both parenchymal and hemopoietic cells. The goal of this study was to determine how SHIP2 functions to regulate M-CSF signaling. We report that 1) SHIP2 was tyrosine-phosphorylated in M-CSF-stimulated human alveolar macrophages, human THP-1 cells, murine macrophages, and the murine macrophage cell line RAW264; 2) SHIP2 associated with the M-CSF receptor after M-CSF stimulation; and 3) SHIP2 associated with the actin-binding protein ﬁlamin and localization to the cell membrane, requiring the proline-rich domain, but not on the Src homology 2 domain of SHIP2. Analyzing the function of SHIP2 in M-CSF-stimulated cells by expressing either wild-type SHIP2 or an Src homology 2 domain mutant of SHIP2 reduced Akt activation in response to M-CSF stimulation. In contrast, the expression of a catalytically deﬁcient mutant of SHIP2 or the proline-rich domain of SHIP2 enhanced Akt activation. Similarly, the expression of wild-type SHIP2 inhibited NF- (cid:1) B-mediated gene transcription. Finally, fetal liver-derived macrophages from SHIP2 gene knockout mice enhanced activation of Akt in response to M-CSF treatment. These data suggest a novel regulatory role for SHIP2 in M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173:
Teenagers And The Use Of New Technologies (Ict) For Health Information

The spread of health messages through ICTs has raised the issues of source reliability more than ever before. There are many channels for adolescents where they can find information about health, and sometimes these messages are contradictory. In this research I employed a qualitative approach to investigate how adolescents seek information about health through ICTs, what kind of health related topics they search on Internet, whether they rely on their peers, teachers or primary group when they are aware of being in risk, and how they assess a source as trustworthy in covering health information. Additionally, the current study surveys what it means for teenagers to be in a good physical condition, including their habits regarding self-medication, nutrition, physical activity, weight maintenance, and how they communicate with respect to the above-mentioned health-issues through ICTs. On this purpose, I conducted two focus group interviewed with 22 Romanian adolescents, aged between 12 and 17 years, who have Facebook accounts and own smartphones connected to the Internet. The main findings suggest that teenagers search the Internet to some extent as a response to factors that threaten the health condition, such as the presence of physical symptoms that are overwhelming or stressful. The emotional adjustment is rather targeted to social support offline sources (friends, parents and doctors) than online ones.
Entity-centric Sentiment Analysis on Twitter data for the Potuguese Language

Twitter is a popular microblogging platform which is commonly used to express opinions about entities of the world. The solutions provided to per- form Sentiment Analysis in such a media, however, relies on classifying an entire sentence regarding the opinion it express, rather than the content and reference of the opinion expressed in the text. We propose and evaluate a Entity-centric Sentiment Analysis method over Twitter data for the Portuguese language.
A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Income Inequality and Economic Growth

In recent years there is a growing interest in determining the impact of inequality on economic growth. Theoretical papers as well as empirical applications have, however, produced controversial results. Although there is a considerable part of the literature that considers inequality detrimental to growth, more recent studies have challenged this result and found a positive effect of inequality on growth. In this paper, we provide a contribution to the empirical puzzle by using meta-analysis to systematically describe, identify and analyse the variation in outcomes of empirical studies. We find that estimation methods, data quality and sample coverage systematically affect the results. The results point out that it will be particularly useful to increasingly focus research on determining the impact of income inequality on economic growth using single-country data at the regional level, or a relatively homogeneous set of countries with adequate controls for country-wide differences in economic, social and institutional characteristics.
The Crisis of 2007--09: Nature, Causes, and Reactions

This article analyses the nature and causes of the financial crisis of 2007--09 as well as the regulatory responses. There are two types of crises: banking crises, which affect the money stock and thus threaten the economy, and financial crises, which may destroy wealth but do not endanger the economy as a whole. Banking crises can be precipitated by a shortage of capital or by a shortage of liquidity. The 2007--09 crisis was a banking crisis, caused by a capital shortage. Numerous explanations have been given for this crisis. In this article these explanations are organized into ten groups. The main factors were easy money, excessive leverage, risk-management failures, bad lending, too-big-to-fail (TBTF) policies, inadequate supervision, and ill-thought-out regulation. The flurry of responses to the crisis is then summarized. Some are welcome, but the article concludes that unless the fear of failure returns to banking, so that management, shareholders, bondholders, and all creditors (except small depositors) suffer in a failure, then all other reforms will ultimately be pointless. Oxford University Press 2010, all rights reserved, Oxford University Press.
A Dynamic Vision Sensor With 1% Temporal Contrast Sensitivity and In-Pixel Asynchronous Delta Modulator for Event Encoding

A dynamic vision sensor (DVS) encodes temporal contrast (TC) of light intensity into address-events that are asynchronously transmitted for subsequent processing. This paper describes a DVS with improved TC sensitivity and event encoding. To enhance the TC sensitivity, each pixel employs a common-gate photoreceptor for low output noise and a capacitively-coupled programmable gain amplifier for continuous-time signal amplification without sacrificing the intra-scene dynamic range. A proposed in-pixel asynchronous delta modulator (ADM) better preserves signal integrity in event encoding compared with self-timed reset (STR) used in previous DVSs. A 60 × 30 prototype sensor array with a 31.2 μm pixel pitch was fabricated in a 1P6M 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It consumes 720 μW at a 100k event/s output rate. Measurements show that a 1% TC sensitivity with a 35% relative standard deviation is achieved and that the in-pixel ADM is up to 3.5 times less susceptible to signal loss than STR in terms of event number. These improvements can facilitate the application of DVSs in areas like optical neuroimaging which is demonstrated in a simulated experiment.
Epithelial cell death is an important contributor to oxidant-mediated acute lung injury.

RATIONALE Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by increased lung oxidant stress and apoptotic cell death. The contribution of epithelial cell apoptosis to the development of lung injury is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether oxidant-mediated activation of the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathway contributes to the development of acute lung injury. METHODS Exposure of tissue-specific or global knockout mice or cells lacking critical components of the apoptotic pathway to hyperoxia, a well-established mouse model of oxidant-induced lung injury, for measurement of cell death, lung injury, and survival. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that the overexpression of SOD2 prevents hyperoxia-induced BAX activation and cell death in primary alveolar epithelial cells and prolongs the survival of mice exposed to hyperoxia. The conditional loss of BAX and BAK in the lung epithelium prevented hyperoxia-induced cell death in alveolar epithelial cells, ameliorated hyperoxia-induced lung injury, and prolonged survival in mice. By contrast, Cyclophilin D-deficient mice were not protected from hyperoxia, indicating that opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is dispensable for hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Mice globally deficient in the BH3-only proteins BIM, BID, PUMA, or NOXA, which are proximal upstream regulators of BAX and BAK, were not protected against hyperoxia-induced lung injury suggesting redundancy of these proteins in the activation of BAX or BAK. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial oxidant generation initiates BAX- or BAK-dependent alveolar epithelial cell death, which contributes to hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
Why is Black-and-White so Important in Color?

In the visual system, the retina communicates with the brain by means of a black-white (achromatic) signal and two color-difference signals, a red-green and a yellow-blue. The existence of the black-white signal has important implications in imaging. First, if areas that are intended to be black. gray, or white are reproduced with even a slight tinge of hue, the defect is usually very noticeable. because these achromatic perceptions correspond to the color-difference signals being balanced at their null levels. Second the achromatic signal largely determines the apparent contrast of scenes, and their images only look correct if their gray scales are adjusted with due allowance for the effect of the surround on the black-white signal. Third, in luminancechrominance television, important reductions in bandwidth are possible because of the lower sharpness required in the chrominance signals as a consequence of the greater number of cones necessary to generate the color-difference signals than to generate the black-white signal; the extent to which advantage is taken of this situation is discussed in connection with various forms of imaging.
The Private Home as a Public Workplace: Employing Paid Domestic Labor

Through an analysis of 30 qualitative interviews with white women who employ domestic workers, this research explores the way they negotiate their roles and responsibilities as employers. Paid domestic work relationships challenge the dichotomy between public and private spaces and transform women’s traditional work within the family into wage labor. Overall, employers had a difficult time assuming employer positions, evidenced by their lack of direct and straightforward communication and supervision strategies. Many also emphasized the personal or emotional aspects of the work, likening the role of domestic workers to that of homemakers, reinforcing the gendered division of this labor. Furthermore, the article considers the impact of all this on the working conditions of domestics and possible strategies to change the exploitive conditions of this type of labor. The rapid increase in middle-class women entering the workforce in recent decades (Anderson, 2001), coupled with growing income inequality (HondagneuSotelo, 2001), has caused an increase in the demand for paid household labor. In 2005, just over 59% of women were in the labor force, and since 1975, the number of working women with children under the age of 18 has increased from 47% to 71% (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006). While it is clear that some women
Plagiarism à la Mode: A Comparison of Automated Systems for Detecting Suspected Plagiarism

Early automated systems for detecting plagiarism in student programs employed attribute counting techniques in their comparisons of program texts, while more recent systems use encoded structural information. Whales claims that the latter are more effective in their detection of plagiarisms than systems based on attribute counting. To explore the validity of these claims, a comparison is presented of five systems, two based on attribute counting and three using metrics based on structure. The major result of this study is that the systems based on structural information consistently equal or better the performance of systems based on attribute counting metrics. A second conclusion is that of the structure metric systems, one using approximate tokenization of input texts (YAP) is as effective as a system that undertakes a complete parse (Plague). Approximate tokenization offers a considerable reduction in the costs of porting to new languages. A distinction is also made between forms of plagiarism common among novice programmers and those employed by more experienced programmers.