Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 5 supplies Arabidopsis embryos with biotin and affects triacylglycerol accumulation

The Arabidopsis SUC5 protein represents a classical sucrose/H+ symporter. Functional analyses previously revealed that SUC5 also transports biotin, an essential co-factor for fatty acid synthesis. However, evidence for a dual role in transport of the structurally unrelated compounds sucrose and biotin in plants was lacking. Here we show that SUC5 localizes to the plasma membrane, and that the SUC5 gene is expressed in developing embryos, confirming the role of the SUC5 protein as substrate carrier across apoplastic barriers in seeds. We show that transport of biotin but not of sucrose across these barriers is impaired in suc5 mutant embryos. In addition, we show that SUC5 is essential for the delivery of biotin into the embryo of biotin biosynthesis-defective mutants (bio1 and bio2). We compared embryo and seedling development as well as triacylglycerol accumulation and fatty acid composition in seeds of single mutants (suc5, bio1 or bio2), double mutants (suc5 bio1 and suc5 bio2) and wild-type plants. Although suc5 mutants were like the wild-type, bio1 and bio2 mutants showed developmental defects and reduced triacylglycerol contents. In suc5 bio1 and suc5 bio2 double mutants, developmental defects were severely increased and the triacylglycerol content was reduced to a greater extent in comparison to the single mutants. Supplementation with externally applied biotin helped to reduce symptoms in both single and double mutants, but the efficacy of supplementation was significantly lower in double than in single mutants, showing that transport of biotin into the embryo is lower in the absence of SUC5.
Data Fusion of Proximal Soil Sensing and Remote Crop Sensing for the Delineation of Management Zones in Arable Crop Precision Farming

The widespread application of precision agriculture has triggered the expansion of tools for data collection and geo referencing of productivity, soil and crop properties. The correct data fusion of soil and crop parameters is a complex problem due to the abundance of inter-correlated parameters which necessitates the use of computational intelligence techniques. This paper proposes the combination of common statistical approaches with Self Organizing Clustering for delineating management zones (MZ). By this, the management of the field related to the application of inputs is becoming more accurate since the relations of the soil and crop parameters are indicated in a more precise way.
SAND 2004-0868 Unlimited Release Printed March 2004 Dependable Software through Higher-order Strategic Programming

Program transformation is a restricted form of software construction that can be amenable to formal verification. When successful, the nature of the evidence provided by such a verification is considered strong and can constitute a major component of an argument that a high-consequence or safety-critical system meets its dependability requirements. This article explores the application of novel higher-order strategic programming techniques to the development of a portion of a class loader for a restricted implementation of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The implementation is called the SSP and is intended for use in high-consequence safety-critical embedded systems. Verification of the strategic program using ACL2 is also discussed.
Apoplastic Protein Pattern , Hydrolases and Peroxidase Activity of Vicia faba Cultivars as Influenced by Drought

Effect of drought on apoplastic protein content, protein pattern, enzymic activiteis and minieral concentration of Vicia faba cv Giza 40 (relatively drought-tolerant) and Vicia faba cv Giza 667 (relatively drought-sensitive) was studied. While drought decreased Na, K, Ca concentration in leaf apoplast of Giza 40, it increased Na and Ca concentraion in case of Giza 667. Giza 40 has K:Na ratio higher than that of cv Giza 667 under drought condition. The protein content of intercellular wasing fluid (IWF) increased in cv Giza 40 and decreased in cv Giza 667 when subjected to drought. The elevated protein content in cv Giza 40 was the result of de novo synthesis of 13 specific polypeptides with apparent molecular mass range of 0.54 84.61 kDa. The declined protein content was associated with 10 newly synthesied polypeptides with molecular mass of 0.54 169.87 kDa. The changes in protein content were accompanied by a specific alterations in the activities of apoplastic enzymes in the cultivars. In general, the activities of apoplastic peroxidase and hydrolases were higher in Giza 40 than that of Giza 667 under either conditions. The results indicated that the changes in leaf apoplast in response to drought are cultivar specific.
High Profile Football Players' Reading at a Research University: ACT Scores, Interview Responses, and Personal Preferences.

This qualitative case study examines the reading acumen of a cohort of 26 senior football players at a Mid-western public research university. Data related to three indices—ACT scores, interview responses, and personal preferences—were collected as part of a larger IRB-approved study aimed at determining the factors that led to the entire cohort graduating within their NCAA eligibility period. In general, the players’ interview responses and their preferences for recreational reading reveal more about their reading habits than do the ACT data. This feedback, coupled with objective ACT scores, portrays a rich, complex picture of scholarship athletes’ literate lives, a picture that defies easy explanation. Overall, the study suggests that college reading and writing instructors may want to reconsider the overwhelmingly negative stereotypes often held about high-profile athletes.
Graphical Models for Structural Vector Autoregressions

In this paper a method to identify the causal structure associated with a VAR model is proposed. The structure is described by means of a graph, which provides a rigorous language to analyze the statistical and logical properties of causal relations. Under some general assumptions, causal relations are associated with a set of vanishing partial correlations among the variables that constitute them. In order to infer the causal structure among the contemporaneous variable, tests on vanishing partial correlations among the estimated residuals of a VAR are used, jointly with background knowledge. This method is applied to an updated version of the King et al. (1991) dataset and it allows to obtain an orthogonalization of the residuals coherent with the causal structure among the contemporaneous variables and alternative to the standard one, which is based on the Choleski factorization of the covariance matrix of the residuals. The impulse response functions calculated, with the method proposed here, for the King et al. (1991) model confirm their results about the fact that US macroeconomic data do not support the hypothesis that real permanent shocks are the dominant source of business-cycle fluctuations.
Hydrostatic compression and high-pressure elastic constants of coesite silica

Using density-functional theory, we computed all the independent elastic constants of coesite, a high-pressure polymorph of silica, as functions of pressure up to 15 GPa. The results are in good agreement with experimental measurements under ambient conditions. Also, the predicted pressure-dependent elastic properties are consistent with x-ray data in the literature concerning lattice strains at high pressures. We find that coesite, like quartz, exhibits a gradual softening of a shear modulus B44 with increasing pressure, in contrast to the rising bulk modulus.
Design of Low-Leakage CNTFET SRAM Cell at 32nm Technology using Forced Stack Technique

As silicon semiconductor device feature size scales down to the nanometer range, planar bulk CMOS design and fabrication encounter significant challenges nowadays. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) has been introduced for high stability, high performance and low power SRAM cell design as an alternative material. Technology scaling demands a decrease in both VDD and VT to sustain historical delay reduction, while restraining active power dissipation. Scaling of VT however leads to substantial increase in the sub-threshold leakage power and is expected to become a considerable constituent of the total dissipated power. It has been observed that the stacking of two off devices has smaller leakage current than one off device. This paper proposes a SRAM cell circuit based on CNTFET that uses Forced Stack Technique to reduce leakage power. This circuit is simulated using HSPICE with Stanford CNFET model at 32nm. The simulated results shows that this proposed Forced Stack CNTFET SRAM cell reduces a leakagepower by 38.6% compared to conventional 6T CNTFET SRAM cell with minimal Area and delay trade off.
Asymptotic BER bounds for BICM-based multiple relay cooperative network under AWGN and rayleigh fading channels

This paper contains the performance analysis of a Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) based multiple relay cooperative network. The relays are fixed and operating in a amplify-and-forward (AF) mode. The asymptotic bit error rate (BER) bounds of the cooperative system with the serial concatenated BICM using the M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) modulation scheme over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and Rayleigh fading channels are obtained. For the numerical results of union bound on BER, moment generating function (MGF) based approach is used. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) is used at the destination to obtain the advantage of spatial diversity. The analytical results are verified by comparing the results with those obtained from simulations.
The Lean Aerospace Initiative Working Paper Series October 2006 The Future of Integrated Concurrent Engineering in Spacecraft Design Thomas Coffee

The author acknowledges the financial support for this research made available by the Lean Aerospace Initiative at MIT sponsored jointly by the US Air Force and a consortium of aerospace companies. All facts, statements, opinions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not in any way reflect those of the Lean Aerospace Initiative, the US Air Force, the sponsoring companies and organizations (individually or as a group), or MIT. The latter are absolved from any remaining errors or shortcomings for which the author takes full responsibility.
How Do Japanese EFL Readers Maintain Coherence in Narrative Memory

This study examined whether and how Japanese EFL readers maintain coherent narrative comprehension in their memory representations. If readers can successfully maintain coherence in their text comprehension despite encountering coherence breaks, their text memory is enhanced, but if they fail, their text memory can suffer (Otero & Kintsch, 1992). In this study, 48 Japanese EFL university students read 8 experimental narratives and performed a recall task. In each narrative, a character performed an action (e.g., “Mary ordered a cheeseburger”) that was either consistent or inconsistent with a prior description of him or her (e.g., “Mary loved junk food” or “Mary was a vegetarian”). The results showed that participants recalled more descriptions and actions of the characters in the inconsistent texts than in the consistent texts, indicating that they selectively reprocessed the inconsistent information in order to maintain coherence. Moreover, most readers chose to edit the later character actions, rather than the preceding descriptions, by substituting the inconsistent actions with more neutral actions (e.g., “Mary ordered food”). These findings suggest that L2 readers slightly edited subsequent information in order to maintain coherence. Pedagogical implications are argued in terms of developing autonomous readers who can self-monitor coherence in their text comprehension.
An Accurate Solution for Credit Value Adjustment (CVA) and Wrong Way Risk

This article presents a new framework for credit value adjustment (CVA) that is a relatively new area of financial derivative modeling and trading. In contrast to previous studies, the model relies on the probability distribution of a default time rather than the default time itself, as the default time is usually inaccessible. As such, the model can achieve a high order of accuracy and is relatively easy to implement. The model captures wrong-way or right-way risk naturally. Using a unique dataset, the author finds empirical evidence that wrong- or right-way risk has a material effect on risky valuation and CVA. The magnitude of the impact is greater in credit and equity markets. The results also indicate that diversification is an effective way to mitigate wrong- or right-way risk.
Mutation Score, Coverage, Model Inference: Quality Assessment for T-Way Combinatorial Test-Suites

In this paper we assess and evaluate the quality of t-way combinatorial test-suites using three different test-suite quality assessment methods. As t-way combinatorial test-suites reduce the input space of a program under test, we investigate how an increasing t affects the quality of the test-suite. There are some limitations of existing test-suite quality assessment methods e.g. the number of mutants is limited by execution time and code coverage measurement might be intrusive due to changes of the behavior of the program under test when instrumenting the code. Here we generate t-way combinatorial test-suites for Java programs of different size. We compute mutation score and code coverage for the generated test-suites, and apply additionally a new model inference based approach, that does not require to execute the program under test, to compare the generated test-suites with each other and assign a quality valuation to the test-suites. Our results show that an increasing t generally raises test-suite quality in terms of mutation score, coverage, and model inference. However, the model inference approach is only applicable, if the outcomes of the programs under test are discrete values, and if the number of discrete values is less than the test-suite size.
Innovative Learning of Solar System using Augmented Reality for Primary School Children

Learning is an important part of life which is a constantly changing necessity. Traditionally, an individual is part of a group in the class led by a teacher in a particular class. The advancement of technology and the growing importance of the World Wide Web has enabled teachers to cultivate new ways of teaching and learning in the classroom environment. In Malaysia, the Science subject is one of the core subjects in the upper primary level where students would have to sit for it in the UPSR (Primary School Evaluation Examination). This paper describes a development of the Solar System Planetary for Standard 4 students through Augmented Reality Technology. The materials is expected to help students to learn the subject easier, ensuring that the teachers are able to transfer the appropriate knowledge to the students Solar System, Augmented Reality, Science Subject
Image-based rendering of spatially-varying BSDF

Simulating directional reflections and transmissions with spatial variation is essential for rendering transparent materials. To render this phenomenon in an interactive rate, multiple consecutive directional transmissions were approximated as serial filters. The method makes it possible to pre-calculate both reflected and transmitted distant lightings, and to store the results to the same set of environment maps for real time rendering. The proposed algorithm was implemented on the modern graphics hardware, generating convincing rendering results and interactive frame rates. The presented method is useful for many interactive applications such as computer game and virtual reality.
Friction model of fingertip sliding over wavy surface for friction-variable tactile feedback panel

Graphical Abstract A friction-variable touch panel is capable of presenting virtual bumps and holes on its flat surface through the control of the surface friction when a fingertip slides over it. To improve the presentation, we developed a friction model of a fingertip sliding over a sinusoidal surface with an amplitude of 0.5–2.5 mm and a spatial wavelength of 20–50 mm. When a metal ball rolls over a wavy surface with a low friction and contact area, the ratio of the horizontal force to the normal force is equal to the gradient of the surface (this is referred to as the ball bearing model) and is hardly affected by the normal load and rolling speed. In contrast, the profile of the force ratio of a sliding finger is substantially skewed and affected by the sliding direction and normal force exerted by the finger. To model this skewed force ratio, we formulated the asymmetric pressure distribution in the finger-surface contact area and used the effects of the adhesion friction to model the dependency of the force ratio on the normal force and sliding direction. The developed model of a bare finger with these features was found to sufficiently simulate the experimentally observed force ratios. The model can be easily applied to friction-variable touch panels and enables the achievement of a wide variety of haptic contents with macroscopically concave or convex surfaces.
Measurement of Childhood Serious Emotional Disturbance: State of the Science and Issues for Consideration

Surveys suggest that between 4.3% and 11.5% of children living in the United States have a serious emotional disturbance (SED). SED is defined in the Federal Register, and federal block grants are allocated to states based on the prevalence of SED. Accurate measurement of SED is critical, yet surveys have used different methodologies and instrumentation to obtain prevalence estimates. Two expert panels were convened by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in the fall of 2014 to discuss the current state of the field in operationalizing and measuring SED. The aims of this article are to (a) provide an update on SED prevalence rates from survey research, (b) summarize key discussion points that emerged during the SAMHSA expert panel meetings, and (c) make specific recommendations for next steps in measuring the prevalence of SED. Issues addressed in this article are important not only for federal allocation of service dollars to meet the needs of children with SED, but also for broader mental health surveillance efforts within the context of large national research surveys.
Evolution in Networks and Computer

The performance of VLSI/ULSI chip is becoming less predictable as device dimensions shrinks below the sub-100-nm scale. Process variation is considered to be a major concern in the design of circuits including interconnect pipelines in current deep submicron regime. Process variation results in uncertainties of circuit performances such as propagation delay. The reduced predictability can be attributed to poor control of the physical features of devices and interconnects during the manufacturing process. Variations in these quantities maps to variations in the electrical behavior of circuits. The channel width of MOSFET varies due to changes in drain/source thickness; substrate, polysilicon and implant impurity level; and surface
Analysis of redundancy and application balance in the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite

The recently released SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite is expected to be used by computer designers and computer architecture researchers for pre-silicon early design analysis. Partial use of benchmark suites by researchers, due to simulation time constraints, compiler difficulties, or library or system call issues is likely to happen; but a random subset can lead to misleading results. This paper analyzes the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks using performance counter based experimentation from several state of the art systems, and uses statistical techniques such as principal component analysis and clustering to draw inferences on the similarity of the benchmarks and the redundancy in the suite and arrive at meaningful subsets. The SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite contains several programs from areas such as artificial intelligence and includes none from the electronic design automation (EDA) application area. Hence there is a concern on the application balance in the suite. An analysis from the perspective of fundamental program characteristics shows that the included programs offer characteristics broader than the EDA programs' space. A subset of 6 integer programs and 8 floating point programs can yield most of the information from the entire suite.
Automatic gradient preemphasis adjustment: A 15‐minute journey to improved diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging

Image distortion caused by gradient eddy currents is a major problem in the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as using the uncorrected images for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion anisotropy will result in areas of artificially increased anisotropy and ADC at the edge of the images, as well as decreased spatial resolution and accuracy in ADC computations overall. This distortion may be substantially reduced by careful adjustment of the gradient preemphasis unit. A completely automatic method of adjusting the preemphasis unit is proposed which finds the optimal settings for all three gradient directions in approximately 15 min by estimating the magnitudes of the eddy currents at various delay times after a test gradient. The pixel shifts in a 64 × 128 echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted image with a diffusion gradient strength of 30 mT/m were reduced to less than 0.2. Magn Reson Med 47:208–212, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of cutting process of materials using low power laser diode and CO 2

Recently the use of laser to various kinds of app lications has been applied. Therefore, to obtain be tter results in the development of a cutting machine of materials using low power laser, cutting system should be analyzed , both in simulation and experiment. In this experiment, low power laser diode and laser CO 2 were used. The gypsum and polymer materials were used in this experiment. For the simulation of cutt ing process, software was used while the experiment al process used CNC milling machine as a manipulator. From the research it is shown that parameters such as speed, current , voltage, number of pass, number of layer and compressed air influence the depth of cut in the process of cutting. By usin g Response Surface Method (RSM), in laser CO 2 cutting for gypsum it is found that power and numb er of layer have significant effect to make depth of cut deeper, while the speed has no signifi ca t effect to increase the depth of cut.
A framework for task-based evaluation of robotic coworkers

Compared to a robotic system that performs a task alone, a robot coworker performing tasks in collaboration with a human operator is subject to additional constraints which can limit the ability of the system to perform the task as required. This work presents a framework for analyzing the ability of a robotic coworker to perform specific tasks in collaboration with a human. The framework allows systematic evaluation of robotic systems based on traditional robot performance measures such as reachable workspace and payload capacity, as well as considering additional factors which arise due to the task being performed collaboratively with a human; such as the reach and strength of the human, human-robot collision, and satisfying desired assistance paradigms. Application of the framework is demonstrated in a case study analyzing a robot designed to assist a human during a materials handling task.