Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Not by Default Accepted’: The African Experience of Othering and Being Othered in Australia

In the face of the increasing migration of black Africans to Australia, this paper seeks to raise conversations about the meta-discourses of Otherness in the Australian society. The paper aims to provide insights into black Africans’ experience of othering and being othered in Australia. The paper draws from a broader study which examined the lived experiences of Africans in South East Queensland and highlights that the presentation of white as norm in Australia, one of or the institutional and social contexts that create conditions reinforcing othering practices, is perpetuated, especially, when the racial order in society is not acknowledged and challenged. The paper proposes that the condition of Africans in Australia may not just be explained by their immigration status or their lack of skills but linked to how they are positioned and constructed in Australia as visible ‘Others. ’
An approach to specification-based attack detection for in-vehicle networks

An upcoming trend for automotive manufacturers is to create seamless interaction between a vehicle and fleet management to provide remote diagnostics and firmware updates over the air. To allow this, the previously isolated in-vehicle network must be connected to an external network, and can thus be exposed to a whole new range of threats known as cyber attacks. In this paper we explore the applicability of a specification-based approach to detect cyber attacks within the in-vehicle network. We derive information to create security specifications for communication and ECU behavior from the CANopen draft standard 3.01 communication protocol and object directory sections. We also provide a set of example specifications, propose a suitable location for the attack detector, and evaluate the detection using a set of attack actions.
POWER AND COST ISSUES NECESSITATE RETHINKING DIGITAL DESIGN. TO REDUCE DESIGN COSTS, WE NEED TO STOP BUILDING CHIP INSTANCES, AND START MAKING CHIP GENERATORS INSTEAD. DOMAIN-SPECIFIC CHIP GENERATORS ARE TEMPLATES THAT CODIFY DESIGNER KNOWLEDGE AND DESIGN

Over the past two decades, chip designers have leveraged technology scaling and rising power budgets to rapidly scale performance, but we can no longer follow this path. Today, most chips are power limited, and changes to technology scaling beyond 90 nm have severely compromised our ability to keep power in check. Consequently, almost all systems designed today, from high-performance servers to wireless sensors, are becoming energy constrained. Years of research have taught us that the best—and perhaps only—way to save energy is to cut waste. Thus, clock and power gating have become common techniques to reduce direct energy waste in unused circuits. But power is also wasted indirectly when we waste performance. Higher performance requirements necessitate higher-energy operations, so removing performance waste reduces energy per operation. Using multiple simpler units rather than a single aggressive one, therefore, saves energy when processing parallel tasks. At the system level, this observation is driving the recent push for parallel computing. Looking forward, the best tool in our power-saving arsenal is customization, because the most effective way to reduce waste is to find a solution that accomplishes the same task with less work. By tailoring hardware to a specific application, customization not only results in energy savings by requiring less work but also improves performance, allowing an even greater reduction of the required energy. As a result, applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs) are often orders of magnitude more energy efficient than CPUs for a given application. However, despite the clear energyefficiency advantage of ASICs, the number of new ASICs built today is not skyrocketing, but decreasing. The reason is simple: nonrecurring engineering (NRE) costs for ASIC design have become extremely expensive, and very few applications have markets big enough to justify such costs. This uneasy [3B2-14] mmi2010060009.3d 10/12/010 12:22 Page 9
Wyner-Ziv Coding of Still Images with Rate Estimation at the Encoder

We develop a Wyner-Ziv still image codec with decoder feedback, based on a Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo (RCPT) code. Within this framework, two methods of pairing source data with side information are compared and found to be similar in performance. The architecture is modified into a Wyner-Ziv image codec with rate estimation at the encoder. The proposed rate estimator is the mean of the turbo decoder’s correct channel probability estimates of systematic bits. The codec in conjunction with this rate estimator suffers only a rate of loss 0.1 bits per pixel for certain images. However, for images with a prevalence of distinct edges the rate-estimated Wyner-Ziv image codec does not achieve the performance of the Wyner-Ziv image codec with decoder feedback.
Quantification and compensation of temporal decorrelation effects in polarimetric SAR interferometry

Temporal decorrelation is a critical issue for a successful Pol-InSAR inversion in case of repeat-pass SAR data, as provided by conventional satellite or airborne SAR systems. This paper proposes estimation and compensation of temporal decorrelation effects by using multi-baseline Pol-InSAR data. A new approach to quantify different temporal decorrelation levels (one for volume and the other for the ground layer) is performed without resort to the special case of zero spatial baseline interferograms. Both temporal decorrelation coefficients were separately estimated at temporal baselines ranging from 1 to 15 days and compared to height inversion errors caused by them.
Abundant Topological Outliers in Social Media Data and Their Effect on Spatial Analysis

Twitter and related social media feeds have become valuable data sources to many fields of research. Numerous researchers have thereby used social media posts for spatial analysis, since many of them contain explicit geographic locations. However, despite its widespread use within applied research, a thorough understanding of the underlying spatial characteristics of these data is still lacking. In this paper, we investigate how topological outliers influence the outcomes of spatial analyses of social media data. These outliers appear when different users contribute heterogeneous information about different phenomena simultaneously from similar locations. As a consequence, various messages representing different spatial phenomena are captured closely to each other, and are at risk to be falsely related in a spatial analysis. Our results reveal indications for corresponding spurious effects when analyzing Twitter data. Further, we show how the outliers distort the range of outcomes of spatial analysis methods. This has significant influence on the power of spatial inferential techniques, and, more generally, on the validity and interpretability of spatial analysis results. We further investigate how the issues caused by topological outliers are composed in detail. We unveil that multiple disturbing effects are acting simultaneously and that these are related to the geographic scales of the involved overlapping patterns. Our results show that at some scale configurations, the disturbances added through overlap are more severe than at others. Further, their behavior turns into a volatile and almost chaotic fluctuation when the scales of the involved patterns become too different. Overall, our results highlight the critical importance of thoroughly considering the specific characteristics of social media data when analyzing them spatially.
Networking and Political Alignment as Strategies to Control the News

Political coverage is strongly influenced by interactions between journalists and political actors. Especially for political actors, these interactions present an opportunity to increase their influence on the news. However, what strategies political actors use in their attempts to steer political journalists when exchanging with them has not been studied comprehensively and on a broad basis. Furthermore, some studies suggest that interactions are dominated by political actors, while others conclude that journalists are at least equally influential. Building on extant research, we first draw an inventory of strategies used by political actors in their exchanges with journalists and investigate their importance based on a mixed-methods study. Our study was conducted in Austria and included a full sample of N = 173 political journalists surveyed with a standardized instrument, and open interviews with 10 additional journalists and 10 political actors. Results show that politicians build political alliances, network with specific journalists, and use intimidation as strategies to control the interactions. In the survey, journalists mentioned basing exchanges on political alignment as the most important strategy. While this strategy indeed helps politicians to control coverage, networking strategies benefit journalists.
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ISOTROPIC PLATE USING MULTIQUADRIC RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION

In this paper multiquadric radial basis function is used for free vibration analysis of isotropic plate. The spatial discretization of the differential equations generates greater number of algebraic equations than the unknown coefficients. The multiple linear regression analysis, which is based on the least square error norm, is employed to obtain the eigenvalues ( λ ) of natural frequencies of vibration for clamped and simply supported immovable rectangular plates. Numerical results obtained by this method are compared with those obtained by other analytical methods.
A FORMAÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E ESPORTE NA ESPANHA

This study examines the initial and ongoing education of people working in physical activity and sport inSpain. The methodology used was a survey in which 2,500 people working in these areas were interviewed in all Spanish provinces. It found that 38% of them have no degree in physical activity and sport – initial education. In addition, many people who do hold degrees actually perform job functions for which they have not studied or are not trained. Those people also undergo strong continuous education, which increases according to their level of initial education. Furthermore, most of those holding degrees in physical activity and sport consider that their initial education has been very helpful for professional performance.
Improved email spam classification method using integrated particle swarm optimization and decision tree

E-mails have become the best way to communicate formal documents over internet among users. But many people have started sending the unwanted mails to others, also called email spam. It is found that many techniques have been proposed so far to efficient mine the emails as spam or non-spammed. In existing techniques, the use of unsupervised filtering to filter the input data set is ignored by the most of the existing researchers. The use of hybridization of data mining techniques is ignored in instruct to improve the accuracy rate further for Detection of fraudulent emails. The majority of the existing techniques are limited to various significant features of emails therefore utilising more features may provide more significant results. To handle above stated limitations a new technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique has integrated particle swarm optimization based on Decision Tree algorithm with unsupervised filtering to enhance the accuracy rate further. The comparative analyses have clearly pointed to better results than the available techniques.
On relativistic theory of spinning and deformable particles

A model of relativistic extended particle is considered with the help of generalization of space-time inter-val. Ten additional dimensions are connected with six rotational and four deformational degrees of freedom. An obtained 14-dimensional space is assumed to be an embedding one both for usual space-time and for 10-dimensional internal space of rotational and deformational variables. To describe such an internal space relativistic generaliza-tions of inertia and deformation tensors are given. Independence of internal and external motions from each other gives rise to splitting the equation of motion and some conditions for 14-dimensional metric. Using the 14-dimensional ideology makes possible to assign a unique proper time for all points of extended object, if the metric will be degenerate. Properties of an internal space are discussed in details in the case of absence of spatial rotations.
Probabilistic first pass retrieval for search advertising: from theory to practice

Information retrieval in search advertising, as in other ad-hoc retrieval tasks, aims to find the most appropriate ranking of the ad documents of a corpus for a given query. In addition to ranking the ad documents, we also need to filter or threshold irrelevant ads from participating in the auction to be displayed alongside search results. In this work, we describe our experience in implementing a successful ad retrieval system for a commercial search engine based on the Language Modeling (LM) framework for retrieval. The LM demonstrates significant performance improvements over the baseline vector space model (TF-IDF) system that was in production at the time. From a modeling perspective, we propose a novel approach to incorporate query segmentation and phrases in the LM framework, discuss impact of score normalization for relevance filtering, and present preliminary results of incorporating query expansions using query rewriting techniques. From an implementation perspective, we also discuss real-time latency constraints of a production search engine and how we overcome them by adapting the WAND algorithm to work with language models. In sum, our LM formulation is considerably better in terms of accuracy metrics such as Precision-Recall (10% improvement in AUC) and nDCG (8% improvement in nDCG@5) on editorial data and also demonstrates significant improvements in clicks in live user tests (0.787% improvement in Click Yield, with 8% coverage increase). Finally, we hope that this paper provides the reader with adequate insights into the challenges of building a system that serves millions of users every day.
Systematic review of clinical effectiveness of pressurised metered dose inhalers versus other hand held inhaler devices for delivering corticosteroids in asthma

Abstract Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness of pressurised metered dose inhalers (with or without spacer) compared with other hand held inhaler devices for the delivery of corticosteroids in stable asthma. Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Cochrane Airways Group trials database (Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled clinical trials register, and hand searching of 18 relevant journals), pharmaceutical companies, and bibliographies of included trials. Trials: All trials in children or adults with stable asthma that compared a pressurised metered dose inhaler with any other hand held inhaler device delivering the same inhaled corticosteroid. Results: 24 randomised controlled trials were included. Significant differences were found for forced expiratory volume in one second, morning peak expiratory flow rate, and use of drugs for additional relief with dry powder inhalers. However, either these were within clinically equivalent limits or the differences were not apparent once baseline characteristics had been taken into account. No significant differences were found between pressurised metered dose inhalers and any other hand held inhaler device for the following outcomes: lung function, symptoms, bronchial hyper-reactivity, systemic bioavailability, and use of additional relief bronchodilators. Conclusions: No evidence was found that alternative inhaler devices (dry powder inhalers, breath actuated pressurised metered dose inhalers, or hydrofluoroalkane pressurised metered dose inhalers) are more effective than the pressurised metered dose inhalers for delivery of inhaled corticosteroids. Pressurised metered dose inhalers remain the most cost effective first line delivery devices. What is already known on this topic Many inhaler devices are available for administering inhaled corticosteroids Current guidelines for their use are inconsistent and not evidence based What this study adds This systematic review found no evidence that alternative inhaler devices are more effective than pressurised metered dose inhalers for giving inhaled corticosteroids. Pressurised metered dose inhalers (or the cheapest device) should be first line treatment in all patients with stable asthma
Plant Methods Protocol: a Highly Sensitive Rt-pcr Method for Detection and Quantification of Micrornas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs with a critical role in development and environmental responses. Efficient and reliable detection of miRNAs is an essential step towards understanding their roles in specific cells and tissues. However, gel-based assays currently used to detect miRNAs are very limited in terms of throughput, sensitivity and specificity. Here we provide protocols for detection and quantification of miRNAs by RT-PCR. We describe an end-point and real-time looped RT-PCR procedure and demonstrate detection of miRNAs from as little as 20 pg of plant tissue total RNA and from total RNA isolated from as little as 0.1 μl of phloem sap. In addition, we have developed an alternative real-time PCR assay that can further improve specificity when detecting low abundant miRNAs. Using this assay, we have demonstrated that miRNAs are differentially expressed in the phloem sap and the surrounding vascular tissue. This method enables fast, sensitive and specific miRNA expression profiling and is suitable for facilitation of high-throughput detection and quantification of miRNA expression.
Efficient Execution of Dependency Models

Recently, several studies have investigated the efficient execution of bag-of-words (BOW) retrieval models for large document collections. Even though there is a large body of work that consistently shows that dependency models consistently outperform BOW models, none of these studies consider the efficient execution of dependency models. In this study we present initial investigations into the efficient execution of the sequential dependence model (SDM), a commonly used benchmark dependency model. We observe that versions of the Weak-And and Max-Score query processing models are efficient rank-k-safe query processing algorithms for this dependence model. Further, we observe that query processing time can be halved using a two-pass heuristic algorithm.
Power Efficient Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO Public Channel

For hybrid massive MIMO public channel with any sector size in either microwave or millimeter wave (mmwave) band, this paper studies the hybrid beamforming optimized to minimize the transmit power while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for randomly deployed users. First the ideal beampattern is derived via Parseval Identity, based on which a beamforming design problem is formulated to minimize the gap with the idea beampattern. The problem is transformable to a multiconvex one and an iterative optimization algorithm is used to obtain the full-digital beamformer. In addition, with the help of same beampattern theorem, the power amplifier (PA) efficiency of the beamformer is improved with unchanged beampattern. Finally, the hybrid beamforming design is obtained that achieves the full-digital beamformer solution. Simulations verifies the advantages of the proposed scheme over existing ones.
No . IDSIA-04-08 1 Phoneme recognition in TIMIT with BLSTM-CTC

We compare the performance of a recurrent neural network with the best results published so far on phoneme recognition in the TIMIT database. These published results have been obtained with a combination of classifiers. However, in this paper we apply a single recurrent neural network to the same task. Our recurrent neural network attains an error rate of 24.6%. This result is not significantly different from that obtained by the other best methods, but they rely on a combination of classifiers for achieving comparable performance.
EXTRACTING BUILT-UP AREAS FROM MULTITEMPORAL INTERFEROMETRIC SAR IMAGES

Automatic extraction of built-up areas from a multitemporal interferometric ERS-1/2 Tandem SAR dataset was studied. The image data were segmented into homogeneous regions and the regions were classified using their mean intensity and coherence values and additional contextual information. According to comparison with a set of reference points, an overall classification accuracy of 97% was achieved when classifying the dataset into three classes: built-up area, forest and open area. Reference points in densely built-up urban areas were recognized as built-up with 100% accuracy. In small-house areas the percentage of reference points correctly classified as built-up ranged from 66% to 94%, depending on the channel combination and classification rules used. Use of texture or rules related to classes of neighbouring objects improved the accuracy. The classification process was highly automatic; training areas covered only about 0.12% of the study area and did not have any overlap with the reference points used in accuracy estimation. Built-up areas could be recognized clearly better than in some previous studies with interferometric ERS data. Possibility to classify built-up areas further into subclasses was investigated using digital map data. The results suggest that the built-up classes of Finnish 1:50 000 topographic maps (small-house areas, apartment house areas and industrial areas) are difficult to distinguish reliably from each other. On the other hand, a correlation was found between the percentage of an area covered with buildings and the mean intensity and coherence of the area in the imagery. This information was used to classify built-up areas into subclasses.
Cross-layer performance evaluation of sensor networks: routing over energy efficient MAC

Delivering data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is very challenging in that an ideal solution has to not only provide a reasonable data throughput, but also take into consideration a variety of constraints, such as battery life, computation capabilities, wireless interference, node mobility, and etc. As numerous solutions have been proposed in the past years, most designs have focused on the functionalities within a particular layer, i.e., routing protocol design in the network layer or MAC enhancements in the data link layer. However, the overall performance depends also on the interaction of mechanisms across layers. A comprehensive cross-layer performance evaluation is essential to a better understanding of the oversal system performance when deploying a new protocol. In this case study, we simulate the interaction between a more recently proposed routing protocol and a number of MAC protocols. The results show that the performance of the routing protocol varies as different MAC schemes are employed. In particular, the state-of-the-art MAC protocol might not perform the best with the routing protocl in study. No single combination dominates the other combinations in terms of all metrics in all cases.