Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Approach for Finding Cloned Profiles in Online Social Networks

Today, Online Social Networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter are the most popular platforms on the Internet, on which millions of users register to share personal information with their friends. A large amount of data, social links and statistics about users are collected by Online Social Networks services and they create big digital mines of various statistical data. Leakage of personal information is a significant concern for social network users. Besides information propagation, some new attacks on Online Social Networks such as Identity Clone attack (ICA) have been identified. ICA attempts to create a fake online identity of a victim to fool their friends into believing the authenticity of the fake identity to establish social links in order to reap the private information of the victims friends which is not shared in their public profiles. There are some identity validation services that perform users identity validation, but they are passive services and they only protect users who are informed on privacy concerns and online identity issues. This paper starts with an explanation of two types of profile cloning attacks are explained and a new approach for detecting clone identities is proposed by defining profile similarity and strength of relationship measures. According to similar attributes and strength of relationship among users which are computed in detection steps, it will be decided which profile is clone and which one is genuine by a predetermined threshold. Finally, the experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Survey on Dynamic Hand Gesture for Number Recognition

Hand gesture system recognition has received great attention in the current few years because of its ability as it is very important for developing an attractive alternative through human computer interaction modalities. However a more natural form of communication system would make the interaction easier, even the performance would increase and additional cost for hardware would also decrease in fact we might not need extra hardware as well. Thus one of the steps towards the goal of achieving such natural form of communication is Dynamic Gesture
A Square-Error-Based Regularization for Normalized LMS Algorithms

The purpose of a variable step-size normalized LMS filter is to solve the dilemma of fast convergence or low steady-state error associated with the fixed regularized NLMS. By employing the inverse of weighted square-error as the time-varying regularization parameter, we introduce a new regularization for NLMS algorithms. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing schemes in speed of convergence, tracking ability, and low misadjustment.
Neural Activity in the Hippocampus and Perirhinal Cortex during Encoding Is Associated with the Durability of Episodic Memory

Studies examining medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement in memory formation typically assess memory performance after a single, short delay. Thus, the relationship between MTL encoding activity and memory durability over time remains poorly characterized. To explore this relationship, we scanned participants using high-resolution functional imaging of the MTL as they encoded object pairs; using the remember/know paradigm, we then assessed memory performance for studied items both 10 min and 1 week later. Encoding trials were classified as either subsequently recollected across both delays, transiently recollected (i.e., recollected at 10 min but not after 1 week), consistently familiar, or consistently forgotten. Activity in perirhinal cortex (PRC) and a hippocampal subfield comprising the dentate gyrus and CA fields 2 and 3 reflected successful encoding only when items were recollected consistently across both delays. Furthermore, in PRC, encoding activity for items that later were consistently recollected was significantly greater than that for transiently recollected and consistently familiar items. Parahippocampal cortex, in contrast, showed a subsequent memory effect during encoding of items that were recollected after 10 min, regardless of whether they also were recollected after 1 week. These data suggest that MTL subfields contribute uniquely to the formation of memories that endure over time, and highlight a role for PRC in supporting subsequent durable episodic recollection.
Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults

The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adults using cluster and factor analyses and to examine the format of the dietary variables on the pattern solutions (i.e. expressed as grams/day (g/d) of each food group or as the percentage contribution to total energy intake). Food intake data were derived from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey 1997–9, which was a randomised cross-sectional study of 7 d recorded food and nutrient intakes of a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults aged 18–64 years. Cluster analysis was performed using the k-means algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary factors. Food data were reduced to thirty-three food groups. For cluster analysis, the most suitable format of the food-group variable was found to be the percentage contribution to energy intake, which produced six clusters: ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Continental’; ‘Unhealthy foods’; ‘Light-meal foods & low-fat milk’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Wholemeal bread & desserts’. For PCA, food groups in the format of g/d were found to be the most suitable format, and this revealed four dietary patterns: ‘Unhealthy foods & high alcohol’; ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Sweet convenience foods & low alcohol’. In summary, cluster and PCA identified similar dietary patterns when presented with the same dataset. However, the two dietary pattern methods required a different format of the food-group variable, and the most appropriate format of the input variable should be considered in future studies.
An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information Retrieval Purposes

In spite of its robust syntax, semantic cohesion, and less ambiguity, lemma level analysis and generation does not yet focused in Arabic NLP literatures. In the current research, we propose the first non-statistical accurate Arabic lemmatizer algorithm that is suitable for information retrieval (IR) systems. The proposed lemmatizer makes use of different Arabic language knowledge resources to generate accurate lemma form and its relevant features that support IR purposes. As a POS tagger, the experimental results show that, the proposed algorithm achieves a maximum accuracy of 94.8%. For first seen documents, an accuracy of 89.15% is achieved, compared to 76.7% of up to date Stanford accurate Arabic model, for the same, dataset.
Soft remote control system in the intelligent sweet home

In this paper, we describe the "soft remote control system" that provides easy control of home installed appliances to improve the inhabitant's comfort. This system is feasible to control various home appliances naturally by recognizing the user's hand gestures in the "intelligent sweet home". The user selects the device that he/her wants to control by pointing it with his/her hand. Then, the user can command operation of the desired function via a predefined hand gesture. The approach complements the inconvenience of the conventional remote controllers giving additional freedom to persons with movement deficits and people without disabilities.
Exploring Uncertainties in Flood Frequency Analysis Using Bayesian MCMC Method

The evaluation and reducing of uncertainty is central to the task of hydrological frequency analysis. In this paper a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is employed to infer the parameter values of the probabilistic distribution model and evalue the uncertainties of design flood. Comparison to the estimated results of three-parameter log-normal distribution (LN3) and the three-parameter generalized extreme value distribution (GEV), the Pearson Type 3 distribution (PIII) provides a good approximation to flood-flow data. The choice of the appropriate probabilistic model can reduce uncertainty of design flood estimation. Historical flood events might be greatly reduced uncertainty when incorporating past extreme historical data into the flood frequency analysis.
Selective Oxidative Stress in Brain Areas of Neonate Rats Exposed to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Through Mother's Milk

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induced disparate alterations on enzymatic activities of the defensive mechanism and/or modifications of the reactive oxygen species levels in specific neonate rat brain regions. The midbrain, striatum, and prefrontal cortex were the areas where the alterations were more remarkable and with similar tendency. The hippocampus did not suffer many alterations, and the hypothalamus was the area where no changes were observed. The current results suggest that the developing brain areas have different susceptibilities to the adverse effect of the herbicide, especially those areas related to the dopaminergic system, and that oxidative stress is one 2,4-D mechanism of toxicity.
Multimodal spatial orientation de ® cits in left-sided visual neglect

Patients with right-sided temporo-parietal lesions often show contralesional neglect. However, neglect patients may also show spatial±perceptual de®cits beyond the bisection and space exploration de®cits frequently assessed in the horizontal plane, that is, de®cits in the judgment of the subjective visual vertical or horizontal. In a recent study (Kerkho, G. & Zoelch, C., Disorders of visuo±spatial orientation in the frontal plane in patients with visual neglect following right or left parietal lesions. Exp. Brain Res., 1998;122:108±120) we found signi®cant perturbations in the perception of these three visual±spatial axes in patients with contralesional neglect from right or left parietal lesions. To examine if this ®nding extends also to another modality we investigated how neglect patients perform tasks of visual± and tactile±spatial judgments of axis-orientation in the frontal plane. Visual±spatial and tactile±spatial judgments of the subjective vertical, horizontal and a right oblique orientation were obtained from patients with and without neglect as well as from normal subjects. Patients with left neglect showed a signi®cant, contraversive tilt of all three visual±spatial axes (+5.68 to +9.58, counterclockwise), and of the three tactile±spatial axes as well (+5.28 to +10.58, counterclockwise). In contrast, right and left hemisphere lesioned control patients without neglect and normal control subjects showed unimpaired visual and tactile±spatial judgments (constant errors: <1.08). Dierence thresholds in the visual±spatial tasks and unsigned errors in the tactile±spatial tasks were selectively elevated in the neglect group in contrast to all other subject groups. Spatial orientation de®cits were signi®cantly associated with the severity of clinical neglect (r= 0.55± 0.88), and with the patients' ambulation performance (r= 0.45±0.70). Furthermore, crossmodal axis orientation tests in two neglect patients showed a similar counterclockwise tilt of +58 to +158, suggesting a similar spatial de®cit in both modalities. Orientation judgments were signi®cantly aggravated by a 258-tilt of the head to the left, as tested in one neglect patient, while a comparable rightward head-tilt improved spatial judgments in both modalities. This suggests that spatial orientation judgments are signi®cantly modulated by gravitational input in neglect patients. Together these results are interpreted as evidence for multisensory spatial orientation de®cits in neglect patients which are modulated by head-position and are related to their accompanying postural impairment. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Component interaction in distributed systems

Modern distributed programming environments commonly restrict programmers to a single form of intercomponent interaction. This forces programmers to emulate other interaction styles in terms of the dominant paradigm, obscuring their intent and resulting in a loss of clarity. Starting from a clear model of interaction between program components, this paper attempts to restore this missing clarity of intent. It achieves this by proposing a language for the specification of interaction styles. The language specifies interactions in terms of asynchronous messages and communicating finite state machines and is compiled into objects that provide support for distribution transparency and binding. The interaction model is independent of the transport protocol that is used to transmit messages between endpoints and we demonstrate how this clean separation of concerns allows significant performance improvements to be made by extending the classes that provide distribution transparency to take advantage of facilities provided by specific transport protocols.
The mechanics of microtubule networks in cell division

The primary goal of a dividing somatic cell is to accurately and equally segregate its genome into two new daughter cells. In eukaryotes, this process is performed by a self-organized structure called the mitotic spindle. It has long been appreciated that mechanical forces must be applied to chromosomes. At the same time, the network of microtubules in the spindle must be able to apply and sustain large forces to maintain spindle integrity. Here we consider recent efforts to measure forces generated within microtubule networks by ensembles of key proteins. New findings, such as length-dependent force generation, protein clustering by asymmetric friction, and entropic expansion forces will help advance models of force generation needed for spindle function and maintaining integrity.
Voxel-Based Morphometry Using the RAVENS Maps: Methods and Validation Using Simulated Longitudinal Atrophy

Statistical analysis of anatomical maps in a stereotaxic space has been shown to be a useful tool in population-based studies for quantifying local anatomical differences or changes, without a priori assumptions about the location and extent of the regions of interest. This paper presents an extension and validation of a previously published methodology, referred to as RAVENS, for characterizing regional atrophy in the brain. A new method for elastic, volume-preserving spatial normalization, which allows for accurate quantification of very localized atrophy, is used. The RAVENS methodology was tested on images with simulated atrophy within two gyri: precentral and superior temporal. It was found to accurately determine the regions of atrophy, despite their localized nature and the interindividual variability of cortical structures. Moreover, it was found to perform substantially better than the voxel-based morphology method of SPM'99. Improved sensitivity was achieved at the expense of human effort involved in defining a number of sulcal curves that serve as constraints on the 3D elastic warping.
Is there a relationship between fracture healing and mean platelet volume?

Objectives Platelet volume has been defined to be a marker that shows thrombocyte activation and function and it is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV). MPV shows the mean volume of circulating thrombocytes and it is one of the routine parameters in complete blood count. Increased thrombocyte volume is associated with thrombocyte activation. Patients and methods This study included 76 patients who were operated on due to fractures of long tubular bones. Patients who had union without any additional interventions were defined as group I, and patients who needed additional interventions due to nonunion or inadequate union were defined as group II. The control group included healthy volunteers who did not have a fracture. Hematologic test values of the patients that were obtained at admission to emergency ward were recorded. Results The groups were not statistically different in terms of age, sex, and the affected extremity. There were significant differences between group I and group II in terms of mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and MPV values (P<0.001), but there were no significant differences between group I and the control group. There was also no statistically significant difference among groups in terms of hematologic and biochemical variables. Conclusion In our study, fractures in patients who had lower MPV values than controls during the inflammation process healed without any problem, but fractures in patients with high MPV values more frequently needed additional surgical interventions.
Sequential Monte Carlo Samplers for Dirichlet Process Mixtures

In this paper, we develop a novel online algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) samplers framework for posterior inference in Dirichlet Process Mixtures (DPM) (DelMoral et al., 2006). Our method generalizes many sequential importance sampling approaches. It provides a computationally efficient improvement to particle filtering that is less prone to getting stuck in isolated modes. The proposed method is a particular SMC sampler that enables us to design sophisticated clustering update schemes, such as updating past trajectories of the particles in light of recent observations, and still ensures convergence to the true DPM target distribution asymptotically. Performance has been evaluated in a Bayesian Infinite Gaussian mixture density estimation problem and it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional Monte Carlo approaches in terms of estimation variance and average log-marginal likelihood.
Proceedings of Usits '03: 4th Usenix Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems Mayday: Distributed Filtering for Internet Services

Mayday is an architecture that combines overlay networks with lightweight packet filtering to defend against denial of service attacks. The overlay nodes perform client authentication and protocol verification , and then relay the requests to a protected server. The server is protected from outside attack by simple packet filtering rules that can be efficiently deployed even in backbone routers. Mayday generalizes earlier work on Secure Overlay Services. Mayday improves upon this prior work by separating the overlay routing and the filtering, and providing a more powerful set of choices for each. Through this generalization, Mayday supports several different schemes that provide different balances of security and performance, continuum, and supports mechanisms that achieve better security or better performance than earlier systems. To evaluate both Mayday and previous work, we also present several practical attacks, two of them novel, that are effective against filtering-based systems.
An empirical study of multifactorial PSO and multifactorial DE

Recently, the notion of Multifactorial Optimization (MFO) has emerged as a promising approach for evolutionary multi-tasking by automatically exploiting the latent synergies between optimization problems, simply through solving them together in an unified representation space [1]. It aims to improve convergence characteristics across multiple optimization problems at once by seamlessly transferring knowledge between them. In [1], the efficacy of MFO has been studied by a specific mode of knowledge transfer in the form of implicit genetic transfer through chromosomal crossover. Here we further explore the generality of MFO when diverse population based search mechanisms are employed. In particular, in this paper, we present the first attempt to conduct MFO with the popular particle swarm optimization and differential evolution search. Two specific multi-tasking paradigms, namely multifactorial particle swarm optimization (MFPSO) and multifactorial differential evolution (MFDE) are proposed. To evaluate the performance of MFPSO and MFDE, comprehensive empirical studies on 9 single objective MFO benchmark problems are provided.
Improvements in the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of phase‐change microcapsules with oxygen‐plasma‐modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The thermal properties and mechanical properties are the key factors of phase-change microcapsules (microPCMs) in energy-storage applications. In this study, microPCMs based on an n-octadecane (C18) core and a melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) shell supplemented with O2-plasma-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized through in situ polymerization. Meanwhile, two different addition methods, the addition of modified CNTs into the emulsion system or into the polymer system, were compared and examined. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the microPCMs were spherical and had a broadened size distribution. Fourier transform infrared testing demonstrated that the modified CNTs did not affect C18 coated by MUF resin. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the microPCMs were remarkably improved by the addition of a moderate amount of modified CNTs, but the heat enthalpy and encapsulated efficiency decreased slightly. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of microPCMs modified with CNTs directly added to the polymer system were superior to those with CNTs added to emulsion system. In particular, when 0.2 g of modified CNTs were added to the polymer system, the thermal conductivity of the microPCMs was improved by 225%, and the breakage rates of the microPCMs at 4000 rpm for 5, 10, and 20 min decreased by 74, 72, and 60%, respectively, compared with that of the microPCMs without modified CNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45269.
Patterns of cation‐chloride cotransporter expression during embryonic rodent CNS development

Intracellular Cl– plays a key role in cellular volume regulation, cell cycle control and shaping the polarity of inhibitory postsynaptic responses mediated by anion‐permeable GABA and glycine receptors. In this study, we have investigated the expression patterns of members of the cation‐chloride cotransporters (CCCs), including the K‐Cl cotransporters KCC1‐4 and the Na‐K‐2 Cl cotranporter NKCC1 during rodent embryonic brain development. At the time of neurogenesis (embryonic days; E12.5–14.5), KCC1 was only detectable in the developing choroid plexus. KCC2 mRNA was detectable as early as E12.5 in the ventral part of the (cervical) spinal cord, and by E14.5, the expression had spread to TUJ1‐positive differentiating regions of the rhombencephalon, diencephalon and olfactory bulb, in parallel with neuronal maturation. KCC3 mRNA was scarce in the cortical plate at E14.5, and slightly up‐regulated at birth. In contrast, KCC4 mRNA was abundantly expressed in the ventricular zone and was down‐regulated perinatally. At E14.5, NKCC1 was highly expressed in the vimentin‐positive radial glia of the proliferative zone of the subcortical region. At later embryonic stages, during gliogenesis (E17‐P0), there was a shift in NKCC1 expression to the neuron specific Class III β‐tubulin (βIII) positive region of the cortical plate. These unique spatiotemporal expression patterns of distinct CCCs during embryonic development suggests that Cl– regulatory mechanisms are critically involved in the control of neuronal development.
Exploring Smartphone Application Usage Logs with Declared Sociological Information

In this paper we present an exploratory smartphone usage study with logs collected from users in the wild, combined with the sociodemographic, technological and cultural information provided by them. We observe a high diversity among users' most used applications, but by classifying applications into services we find significant correlations between service usage and socio-demographic profile. We discuss that sociological information has rich potential in characterizing smartphone usage and can be applied to interesting incentive strategies and use cases based on users' sociological context.