Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of male adolescent-report of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across two cultures using latent class and principal components analysis.

BACKGROUND The goal of this study is to gauge the consistency of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) latent class models that are generated by different informants such as adolescents and parents. The consistency of adolescent-derived latent classes from two different samples was assessed and these results were then compared to the class structure generated by parent-report ADHD information. METHODS Self-reported DSM-IV Criterion A ADHD symptoms of 497 adolescent males from a population-based twin study in the state of Missouri (USA) were subjected to principal components and latent class analysis, and findings were compared to previous results obtained from identical analyses using an adolescent sample from Porto Alegre, Brazil (N = 483). RESULTS The bi-dimensional structure of self-reported ADHD symptoms was similar for both male adolescent groups, but explained less than 40% of the symptom variance in either sample. Two factors, one with loadings on inattention symptoms only and the other with loadings on hyperactive-impulsive symptoms only, were identified in the Missouri sample. Specific ADHD latent classes did not replicate well across the Missouri and Brazilian samples, and both groups were characterized by the presence of several combined symptom classes but few inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive classes. CONCLUSIONS While adolescent-report information across two different cultures can at least in part reproduce the two-factor structure of ADHD, results from latent class analysis suggest that adolescent reporting on their own symptoms is markedly different from the type of information parents provide about ADHD symptoms in their offspring. The current findings indicate that if male adolescents endorse any ADHD symptoms there is a tendency for them to report combined type problems.
Vasopressor Response in a Porcine Model of Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest Is Improved with Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using the Inspiratory Impedance Threshold Valve

During normothermic cardiac arrest, a combination of active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with the inspiratory threshold valve (ITV) significantly improves vital organ blood flow, but this technique has not been studied during hypothermic cardiac arrest. Accordingly, we evaluated the hemodynamic effects of ACD + ITV CPR before, and after, the administration of vasopressin in a porcine model of hypothermic cardiac arrest. Pigs were surface-cooled until their body core temperature was 26°C. After 10 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 14 animals were randomly assigned to either ACD CPR with the ITV (n = 7) or to standard (STD) CPR (n = 7). After 8 min of CPR, all animals received 0.4 U/kg vasopressin IV, and CPR was maintained for an additional 10 min in each group; defibrillation was attempted after 28 min of cardiac arrest, including 18 min of CPR. Before the administration of vasopressin, mean ± sem common carotid blood flow was significantly higher in the ACD + ITV group com-pared with STD CPR (67 ± 13 versus 26 ± 5 mL/min, respectively;P < 0.025). After vasopressin was given at minute 8 during CPR, mean ± sem coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher in the ACD + ITV group, but did not increase in the STD group (29 ± 3 versus 15 ± 2 mm Hg, and 25 ± 1 versus 14 ± 1 mm Hg at minute 12 and 18, respectively;P < 0.001); mean ± sem common carotid blood flow remained higher at respective time points (33 ± 8 versus 10 ± 3 mL/min, and 31 ± 7 versus 7 ± 3 mL/min, respectively;P < 0.01). Without active rewarming, spontaneous circulation was restored and maintained for 1 h in three of seven animals in the ACD + ITV group versus none of seven animals in the STD CPR group (not significant). During hypothermic cardiac arrest, ACD CPR with the ITV improved common carotid blood flow compared with STD CPR alone. Moreover, after the administration of vasopressin, coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher during ACD + ITV CPR, but not during STD CPR.
Banff ’09 Meeting Report: Antibody Mediated Graft Deterioration and Implementation of Banff Working Groups

The 10th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held in Banff, Canada from August 9 to 14, 2009. A total of 263 transplant clinicians, pathologists, surgeons, immunologists and researchers discussed several aspects of solid organ transplants with a special focus on antibody mediated graft injury. The willingness of the Banff process to adapt continuously in response to new research and improve potential weaknesses, led to the implementation of six working groups on the following areas: isolated v‐lesion, fibrosis scoring, glomerular lesions, molecular pathology, polyomavirus nephropathy and quality assurance. Banff working groups will conduct multicenter trials to evaluate the clinical relevance, practical feasibility and reproducibility of potential changes to the Banff classification. There were also sessions on quality improvement in biopsy reading and utilization of virtual microscopy for maintaining competence in transplant biopsy interpretation. In addition, compelling molecular research data led to the discussion of incorporation of omics‐technologies and discovery of new tissue markers with the goal of combining histopathology and molecular parameters within the Banff working classification in the near future.
Element Diffusion in the Solar Interior

We study the diffusion of helium and other heavy elements in the solar interior by solving exactly the set of flow equations developed by Burgers for a multi-component fluid, including the residual heat-flow terms. No approximation is made concerning the relative concentrations and no restriction is placed on the number of elements considered. We give improved diffusion velocities for hydrogen, helium, oxygen and iron, in the analytic form derived previously by Bahcall and Loeb. These expressions for the diffusion velocities are simple to program in stellar evolution codes and are expected to be accurate to $\sim 15\%$. Our complete treatment of element diffusion can be directly incorporated in a standard stellar evolution code by means of an exportable subroutine, but, for convenience, we also give simple analytical fits to our numerical results.
Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg GHQ-12 en una institución hospitalaria de la ciudad de Medellín

El Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-12) ha demostrado ser una herramienta efectiva para la valoracion de la salud mental en poblacion general y en poblacion clinica, siendo uno de los instrumentos de tamizaje validado mas utilizado en todo el mundo y uno de los mas recomendados para ser empleado en encuestas de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicometricas del GHQ-12 en un grupo de 85 pacientes, internados en un hospital de la ciudad de Medellin, con el fin de identificar la comorbilidad psicologica de sus problemas de salud. Una vez la semantica de la escala de calificacion fue ajustada, se realizo un analisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el metodo de componentes principales para dos factores, se encontro que la estructura factorial explica el 51.76 % de la varianza. Para cada factor se agruparon los items y se nombraron como “bienestar psicologico” y “malestar psicologico”; finalmente, se determinaron las puntuaciones normativas segun el sistema de calificacion GHQ, que realiza la calificacion en sistema binario (0,1) y cuya media de puntuacion fue de 5.34, lo que sugiere un punto de corte superior a 5 como indicador de percepcion de malestar psicologico. Con base en el analisis se encontro que, si bien existe una estructura de dos factores, esta se explicaria como dos partes de un mismo componente (positivo y negativo). El analisis de consistencia interna utilizando el coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, mostro una buena consistencia interna y validez (.84). Luego de evaluar sus propiedades psicometricas se descarto el item 11 por no presentar una adecuada carga factorial. Se recomienda modificar el nombre del instrumento a Cuestionario de salud general reducido (GHQ-R, 2011), para ser implementado como instrumento de evaluacion primaria en salud mental de esta poblacion.
Intelligent fusion of structural and citation-based evidence for text classification

This paper shows how different measures of similarity derived from the citation information and the structural content (e.g., title, abstract) of the collection can be fused to improve classification effectiveness. To discover the best fusion framework, we apply Genetic Programming (GP) techniques. Our experiments with the ACM Computing Classification Scheme, using documents from the ACM Digital Library, indicate that GP can discover similarity functions superior to those based solely on a single type of evidence. Effectiveness of the similarity functions discovered through simple majority voting is better than that of content-based as well as combination-based Support Vector Machine classifiers. Experiments also were conducted to compare the performance between GP techniques and other fusion techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and linear fusion. Empirical results show that GP was able to discover better similarity functions than other fusion techniques.
L'utilisation du cadrage des conséquences au sein des messages de sante publique: bilan et perspectives pour la recherche en marketing

Prospect theory (Tversky and Kahneman, 1979; 1981; 1986) implies that people's decision making processes are not entirely rational, and that preferences may be affected by the way in which information is presented. This theory introduces the "framing effect"; i.e. to what extent does the framing of information influence its perception. This communication aims at providing a synthesis on the academic works related to the study of "framing effect" (Tversky et Kahneman, 1981; 1986) within health related communications. Using the prospect theory framework (Tversky and Kahneman, 1979; 1981; 1986), Rothman and Salovey (1997) proposed that a health message could be framed in order to be more efficient. For this purpose, the "framing effect" concept (Tversky and Kahneman 1981 and 1986) because of its potential role in the effectiveness of health communications, struck us as particularly interesting for marketing researchers who want to study how to improve health communications.
Fault-tolerant digital systems implemented with partially definite and partially correct automata

The multi-version approach to the system design is becoming a standard for the critical applications as it allows decreasing the probability of common mode failure. The main idea of this approach is to obtain the least correlated versions of the same project. The effective way to satisfy this requirement is to combine classical and non-classical approaches to the system design. In this point, genetic algorithms (GAs) can be successfully used as one of the non-classical approaches in order to evolve the non-conventional digital systems. However, there are two main issues that arise while using GA: in some cases GA is not able to evolve a completely correct solution; if a complexity of system logic grows the time consumptions significantly increase. To avoid both issues, we elaborate the concepts of correctness and definiteness for digital automata, which are the solutions received with GA, and represent the efficient design method based on the GA application. It allows obtaining fault-tolerant and compact digital systems with partially correct and partially definite automata. The new approach has been illustrated by the example of the heating controller for AN-70 plane.
Talking Diversity with Teachers and Teacher Educators: Exercises and Critical Conversations Across the Curriculum

Featuring content-specific strategies, assignments, and classroom activities, this book provides strategies to help pre- and in-service teachers develop the dispositions and knowledge they need to teach all students well. Focusing on the importance of creating a classroom community in which necessarily difficult dialogues are inspired and supported, the authors present content-area chapters on language arts, social studies, mathematics, science, ESOL, foreign language, and teaching exceptional students in the inclusive environment. Each content-area chapter includes a vignette illustrating a difficult conversation dealing with diversity and presents research-based, classroom-ready exercises, effective pedagogic strategies, and action-oriented interventionsmany of which the authors created and used in their own classrooms. The book concludes with an appendix of instructional and curricular resources.
Statistical properties of stochastic nonlinear dynamical models of single spiking neurons and neural networks.

Dynamical stochastic models of single neurons and neural networks often take the form of a system of n>2 coupled stochastic differential equations. We consider such systems under the assumption that third and higher order central moments are relatively small. In the general case, a system of 1 n(n13) ~generally! nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations holds for the approximate means, variances, and covariances. For the general linear system the solutions of these equations give exact results—this is illustrated in a simple case. Generally, the moment equations can be solved numerically. Results are given for a spiking Fitzhugh-Nagumo model neuron driven by a current with additive white noise. Differential equations are obtained for the means, variances, and covariances of the dynamical variables in a network of n connected spiking neurons in the presence of noise. @S1063-651X~96! 03511-8# PACS number~s! : 87.10. 1e, 05.40. 1j, 02.50. 2r
Social manipulation causes cooperation in keas

This study assessed whether keas, Nestor notabilis, are able to cooperate in an instrumental task. Seven birds of a captive group were tested in group situations and in dyads. At least two individuals had to manipulate an apparatus to obtain food but only one participant was rewarded. One bird had to push down a lever to enable another one to collect food from a box. The distribution of the two diVerent roles was clearly dependent on hierarchy. The higher ranking individual always obtained the reward and each bird changed its role according to dominance status. Owing to the non-linear hierarchy in the group, each bird participating in cooperative interactions had at least one submissive partner. Therefore, in group situations the reward was distributed symmetrically and cooperation was persistent. In dyadic test situations, three individual keas aggressively manipulated their respective subordinate partners to open the apparatus. Their dominance status enabled them to force cooperation. 1996 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Transformerless high gain boost converter for low power applications with feedback control

A transformer-less boost converter which provides high voltage gain without utilizing transformer or coupled inductors and extreme duty cycle is proposed in this paper. Also it is able to cancel the ripples in the input current at a preselected duty cycle, without increasing the number of components. The converter combines the features of boost converter and a three switch high voltage converter. At the input side, two inductors are interleaved for cancelling the input current ripple and at the output side switched capacitor voltage multiplier is used to increase the voltage gain. Feedback control is used to make the output voltage constant in spite of variation in the input or load or both i.e. both line and load regulation is accompanied. This proposed converter configuration helps eliminate the input current ripple and provides voltage deregulation for low power applications.
Adaptivity and the Cohesive Nature of Hypertext Activity

In this proposal, I outline a direction of research into the use of the cohesive nature of activity within a hypertext environment. Most techniques for hypertext adaptivity rely upon the complex structuring of models of the domain and/or of the user(s). Research has shown that it is diicult to infer from user activity in a hypertext (whether by looking at locational or temporal factors). This research will be an attempt to characterize hypertext activity in clearer detail by looking at user activity at the level of activity cohesion. Using models built from this analysis, hypertext systems with the ability to recognize and adapt to user behavior will be built.
Thermal Analysis and Cooling System Design of Dual Mechanical Port Machine for Wind Power Application

Dual mechanical port (DMP) machine, a kind of electrical continuous variable transmission, is a very competitive alternative for vulnerable constant speed-ratio mechanical gearbox in wind power application and hybrid electrical vehicles. As the inner wound rotor is surrounded by the stator and the permanent magnet (PM) outer rotor, the DMP machine suffers from possible PM demagnetization and insulation failure under severe thermal condition. In this paper, thermal analysis and cooling system design of a DMP prototype machine are investigated. To predict the heat sources in actual operation, a transient cosimulation method is presented. Thermal parameters and the flow distribution in the cooling ducts are calculated in detail. Finite-element analysis of the thermal field is carried out to obtain the temperature distribution and two typical thermal contacts are considered. A robust fully forced-air cooling system with inner rotor teeth ducts is proposed for the DMP machine and a 10-kW DMP machine is prototyped. Experimental results at different working conditions are given to verify the theoretical analysis. Both simulation and experimental results reveal that the numerical approach and the proposed cooling system are not only more accurate and reliable, but can be referred to other electrical machine cooling system design.
Sugar Allocation to Metabolic Pathways is Tightly Regulated and Affects the Virulence of Streptococcus mutans

Bacteria take up and metabolize sugar as a carbohydrate source for survival. Most bacteria can utilize many sugars, including glucose, sucrose, and galactose, as well as amino sugars, such as glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. After entering the cytoplasm, the sugars are mainly allocated to the glycolysis pathway (energy production) and to various bacterial component biosynthesis pathways, including the cell wall, nucleic acids and amino acids. Sugars are also utilized to produce several virulence factors, such as capsule and lipoteichoic acid. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GlmS) and glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (NagB) have crucial roles in sugar distribution to the glycolysis pathway and to cell wall biosynthesis. In Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, the expression levels of glmS and nagB are coordinately regulated in response to the presence or absence of amino sugars. In addition, the disruption of this regulation affects the virulence of S. mutans. The expression of nagB and glmS is regulated by NagR in S. mutans, but the precise mechanism underlying glmS regulation is not clear. In Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, the mRNA of glmS has ribozyme activity and undergoes self-degradation at the mRNA level. However, there is no ribozyme activity region on glmS mRNA in S. mutans. In this review article, we summarize the sugar distribution, particularly the coordinated regulation of GlmS and NagB expression, and its relationship with the virulence of S. mutans.
Formal Analysis, Hardness, and Algorithms for Extracting Internal Structure of Test-Based Problems

Problems in which some elementary entities interact with each other are common in computational intelligence. This scenario, typical for coevolving artificial life agents, learning strategies for games, and machine learning from examples, can be formalized as a test-based problem and conveniently embedded in the common conceptual framework of coevolution. In test-based problems, candidate solutions are evaluated on a number of test cases (agents, opponents, examples). It has been recently shown that every test of such problem can be regarded as a separate objective, and the whole problem as multi-objective optimization. Research on reducing the number of such objectives while preserving the relations between candidate solutions and tests led to the notions of underlying objectives and internal problem structure, which can be formalized as a coordinate system that spatially arranges candidate solutions and tests. The coordinate system that spans the minimal number of axes determines the so-called dimension of a problem and, being an inherent property of every problem, is of particular interest. In this study, we investigate in-depth the formalism of a coordinate system and its properties, relate them to properties of partially ordered sets, and design an exact algorithm for finding a minimal coordinate system. We also prove that this problem is NP-hard and come up with a heuristic which is superior to the best algorithm proposed so far. Finally, we apply the algorithms to three abstract problems and demonstrate that the dimension of the problem is typically much lower than the number of tests, and for some problems converges to the intrinsic parameter of the problem–its a priori dimension.
A Newly Identified Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily with a Wide Tissue Distribution and Involvement in Lymphocyte Activation*

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily consists of approximately 10 characterized members of human proteins. We have identified a new member of the TNFR superfamily, TR2, from a search of an expressed sequence tag data base. cDNA cloning and Northern blot hybridization demonstrated multiple mRNA species, of which a 1.7-kilobase form was most abundant. However, TR2 is encoded by a single gene which, maps to chromosome 1p36.22–36.3, in the same region as several other members of the TNFR superfamily. The most abundant TR2 open reading frame encodes a 283-amino acid single transmembrane protein with a 36-residue signal sequence, two perfect and two imperfect TNFR-like cysteine-rich domains, and a short cytoplasmic tail with some similarity to 4–1BB and CD40. TR2 mRNA is expressed in multiple human tissues and cell lines and shows a constitutive and relatively high expression in peripheral blood T cells, B cells, and monocytes. A TR2-Fc fusion protein inhibited a mixed lymphocyte reaction-mediated proliferation suggesting that the receptor and/or its ligand play a role in T cell stimulation.