Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Multiparameter Estimation of Nonsalient-Pole PM Synchronous Machines With Temperature Variation Tracking

The ill-convergence of multiparameter estimation due to the rank-deficient state equations of permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is investigated. It is verified that the PMSM model for multiparameter estimation under id = 0 control is rank deficient for simultaneously estimating winding resistance, rotor flux linkage, and winding inductance and cannot ensure them to converge to the correct parameter values. A new method is proposed based on injecting a short pulse of negative id current and simultaneously solving two sets of simplified PMSM state equations corresponding to id = 0 and id ≠ 0 by using an Adaline neural network. The convergence of solutions is ensured, while the minimum |id| is determined from the error analysis for nonsalient-pole PMSMs. The proposed method does not need the nominal value of any parameter and only needs to sample the winding terminal currents and voltages, and the rotor speed for simultaneously estimating the dq-axis inductances, the winding resistance, and the rotor flux linkage in nonsalient-pole PMSMs. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method can eliminate the estimation error caused by the variation of rotor flux linkage and inductance as a result of state change due to the injected d-axis current in the surface-mounted PMSM. The method is verified by experiments, and the results show that the proposed method has negligible influence on output torque and rotor speed and has good performance in tracking the variation of PMSM parameters due to temperature variation.
Color image denoising using e-neighborhood Gaussian model

This paper presents a novel denoising algorithm for color images. It is difficult to reduce color noise at high speed without losing image details. To solve this problem, the proposed method employs maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation based on a Gaussian model in ε-neighborhood of the pixel and CIELAB color space. Using the correlation between RGB components in ε-neighborhood, color noise is reduced efficiently. Computational complexity is low because the method consists of non-iterative filtering and simple matrix operations. Experiments confirm that the proposed method preserves more image details, delivers PSNR close to state-of-the-art denoising algorithms, and involves less computation.
Intraoperative complications of high volume sutureless cataract surgery in Nepal: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND With high backlog of cataract blindness in the developing countries sutureless high volume cataract surgery is preferred surgical technique. OBJECTIVE To report the intraoperative complications of high volume sutureless cataract surgery at secondary level eye care centre of Nepal. METHOD This prospective study consisting 1087 eyes that underwent manual small incision cataract surgery from 2nd to 28th December 2007 at Shree Janaki Eye Hospital, Janakpur, Nepal and operated by a single eye surgeon. Preoperative and postoperative ocular findings together with intraoperative complications were carefully noted in every individual case. At post operative day one each patient was examined including uncorrected visual acuity and post operative complications which were subsequently recorded in Performa. Data were analysed using SPSS 11.5. RESULT Sixty-three eyes (5.8%) of 1087 eyes developed intraoperative complications. Out of 63 eyes that had intra operative complications, posterior capsular rupture were seen in 42 (3.9%), sclera corneal tunnel suturing in 12 eyes (1.1%), iridodialysis 5 eyes (0.5%) and Descemet stripping in 4 eyes (0.4%). 62.1% of patients attained uncorrected visual acuity 6/18 or better and in 91.7% of eyes, there were no post operative complications. CONCLUSION High volume suture less cataract surgery is safe surgery and should be continue in developing countries to achieve the goal of vision 2020, where there is huge backlog of cataract blindness.
Combined Rate and Power Allocation with Link Scheduling in Wireless Data Packet Relay Networks with Fading Channels

We consider a joint rate and power control problem in a wireless data traffic relay network with fading channels. The optimization problem is formulated in terms of power and rate selection, and link transmission scheduling. The objective is to seek high aggregate utility of the relay node when taking into account buffer load management and power constraints. The optimal solution for a single transmitting source is computed by a two-layer dynamic programming algorithm which leads to optimal power, rate, and transmission time allocation at the wireless links. We further consider an optimal power allocation problem for multiple transmitting sources in the same framework. Performances of the resource allocation algorithms including the effect of buffer load control are illustrated via extensive simulation studies.
What's in a Name?

African Americans have experienced several shifts in the predominant terms used to describe their ethnic identity in the past several decades. A current taxonomy of African American labels and associated meanings for those labels was developed as a result of this study. The dominant terms, Black and African American, expressed different views of ethnic identity, with Black generally providing a sense of unity and acceptability and African American expressing the experience of a blended heritage. A trend was detected in the transition from the usage of the term Black toward the term African American, which indicates a positive move toward self-determination and progress in meeting the challenge of communicating within two cultures.
Cdc55p-Mediated E4orf4 Growth Inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Mediated Only in Part via the Catalytic Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A

ABSTRACT The adenovirus early region 4 open reading frame 4 (E4orf4) protein specifically induces p53-independent cell death of transformed but not normal human cells, suggesting that elucidation of its mechanism may provide important new avenues for cancer therapy. Wild-type E4orf4 and mutants that retain cancer cell toxicity also induce growth inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which provides a genetically tractable system for studying E4orf4 function. Interaction with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B regulatory subunit is required for E4orf4's effects, suggesting that E4orf4 may function by regulating B subunit-containing heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzymes (PP2ABAC), which consist of a B subunit complexed with the PP2A structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits. However, it is not known whether E4orf4-induced growth inhibition requires interaction with the PP2A C subunit or whether E4orf4 might have PP2A B subunit-dependent effects that are independent of PP2ABAC holoenzyme formation. To test these possibilities in S. cerevisiae, we disrupted the stable formation of PP2ABAC heterotrimers and thus E4orf4/C subunit association by PP2A C subunit point mutations or by deletion of the gene for the PP2A methyltransferase, Ppm1p, and assayed for effects on E4orf4-induced growth inhibition. Our results support a model in which E4orf4 mediates growth inhibition and cell killing both through PP2ABAC heterotrimers and through a B regulatory subunit-dependent pathway(s) that is independent of stable complex formation with the PP2A C subunit. They also indicate that Ppm1p has a function other than regulating the assembly of PP2A heterotrimers and suggest that selective PP2A trimer inhibitors and PP6 inhibitors may be useful as adjuvant anticancer therapies.
Simulation Studies of the Effects of Small Sample Size and Studied Item Parameters on SIBTEST and Mantel‐Haenszel Type I Error Performance

Two simulation studies investigated Type I error performance of two statistical procedures for detecting differential item functioning (DIF): SIBTEST and Mantel-Haenszel (MH). Because MH and SIBTEST are based on asymptotic distributions requiring “large” numbers of examinees, the first study examined Type 1 error for small sample sizes. No significant Type I error inflation occurred for either procedure. Because MH has the potential for Type I error inflation for non-Rasch models, the second study used a markedly non-Rasch test and systematically varied the shape and location of the studied item. When differences in distribution across examinee group of the measured ability were present, both procedures displayed inflated Type 1 error for certain items; MH displayed the greater inflation. Also, both procedures displayed statistically biased estimation of the zero DIF for certain items, though SIBTEST displayed much less than MH. When no latent distributional differences were present, both procedures performed satisfactorily under all conditions.
Size Bounds and Query Plans for Relational Joins

Relational joins are at the core of relational algebra, which in turn is the core of the standard database query language SQL. As their evaluation is expensive and very often dominated by the output size, it is an important task for database query optimisers to compute estimates on the size of joins and to find good execution plans for sequences of joins. We study these problems from a theoretical perspective, both in the worst-case model, and in an average-case model where the database is chosen according to a known probability distribution. In the former case, our first key observation is that the worst-case size of a query is characterised by the fractional edge cover number of its underlying hypergraph, a combinatorial parameter previously known to provide an upper bound. We complete the picture by proving a matching lower bound, and by showing that there exist queries for which the join-project plan suggested by the fractional edge cover approach may be substantially better than any join plan that does not use intermediate projections.
Personality Characteristics and Psychosocial Adjustment of Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Psychological tests and structured interviews were administered to 42 survivors of childhood cancer to asses their psychosocial adjustment. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to each survivor, and the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) was administered to his or her chopathology of each MMPI profile. Thirty-three percent of the survivors were found to exhibit clinical evidence of at least a moderate degree of emotional difficulty. The structured interviews, in combination with the MMPI test results, revealed agitation, restlessness, social withdrawal, and passivity as frequent behavioral difficulties. Parents' reprts (via the PIC) of their children's personalities were highly correlated with the survivors' MMPI profiles. With regard to social adjustment, the development of age-appropriate independent tasks appeared to be most difficult for survivors. The findings of this pilot study support the recommendation that psychosocial rehabilitation should be an importan.
Componentizing hardware/software interface design

Building highly optimized embedded systems demands hardware/software (HW/SW) co-design. A key challenge in co-design is the design of HW/SW interfaces, which is often a design bottleneck. We propose a novel approach to HW/SW interface design based on the concept of bridge component. Bridge components fill the HW/SW semantic gap by propagating events across the HW/SW boundary and raise the abstraction level for designing HW/SW interfaces by abstracting processors, buses, embedded OS, etc. of embedded system platforms. Bridge components are specified in platform-specific bridge specification languages (BSLs) and compiled by the BSL compilers for simulation and deployment.We have applied our approach to two different embedded system platforms. Case studies have shown that bridge components greatly simplify component-based co-design of embedded systems and system simulation speed can be improved three orders of magnitude by simulating bridge components on the transaction level.
The Sociological Role of Collective Singing during Intense Moments of Protest: The Disengagement from the Gaza Strip

Collective singing has been viewed as an important sociological component in the literature written about social movements. However, it has seldom been the explicit focus of examination. This study analyses the use of collective singing during the intense moments of the Yesha movement protest against Israel’s disengagement from the Gaza Strip. Content analysis of interviews with 14 protesters and 14 security force members (SFMs) shows that protesters used collective singing to evoke emotions that would help them raise morale, vent negative emotions, strengthen solidarity, experience spiritual transcendence, foster hope, empower themselves, mourn and achieve closeness to the SFMs. The results are discussed in the light of sociological theories.
Data Assimilation with Soil Water Content Sensors and Pedotransfer Functions in Soil Water Flow Modeling

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:829–844 doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0090 Received 7 Mar. 2011. *Corresponding author (Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Data Assimilation with Soil Water Content Sensors and Pedotransfer Functions in Soil Water Flow Modeling Soil Physics
CD66 carcinoembryonic antigens mediate interactions between Opa‐expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and human polymorphonuclear phagocytes

Colonization of urogenital tissues by the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is characteristically associated with purulent exudates of polymorphonuclear phagocytes (PMNs) containing apparently viable bacteria. Distinct variant forms of the phase‐variable opacity‐associated (Opa) outer membrane proteins mediate the non‐opsonized binding and internalization of N.gonorrhoeae by human PMNs. Using overlay assays and an affinity isolation technique, we demonstrate the direct interaction between Opa52‐expressing gonococci and members of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family which express the CD66 epitope. Gonococci and recombinant Escherichia coli strains synthesizing Opa52 showed specific binding and internalization by transfected HeLa cell lines expressing the CD66 family members BGP (CD66a), NCA (CD66c), CGM1 (CD66d) and CEA (CD66e), but not that expressing CGM6 (CD66b). Bacterial strains expressing either no opacity protein or the epithelial cell invasion‐associated Opa50 do not bind these CEA family members. Consistent with their different receptor specificities, Opa52‐mediated interactions could be inhibited by polyclonal anti‐CEA sera, while Opa50 binding was instead inhibited by heparin. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed a marked recruitment of CD66 antigen by Opa52‐expressing gonococci on both the transfected cell lines and infected PMNs. These data indicate that members of the CEA family constitute the cellular receptors for the interaction with, and internalization of, N.gonorrhoeae.
Eolian sand transport monitored by terrestrial laser scanning

Morphodynamic changes at sandy coasts, as are dominant in The Netherlands, are typically monitored at yearly intervals by means of LIDAR. Meanwhile it is recognized that beach morphodynamics is not a regular process but is strongly correlated to meteorological conditions. A time series of 14 terrestrial laser scans of a beach experiment is analyzed, obtained during a time period of 88 hours characterized by changing weather conditions including strong wind and rain. It is shown that after a conversion to a suited spherical grid, different deformation regimes can be identified and that elevation changes rates below a millimeter an hour can be detected.
Stunted children gain less lean body mass and more fat mass than their non-stunted counterparts: a prospective study

The aim of the present study was to analyse the changes in body composition of stunted children during a follow-up period and to test the hypothesis of a tendency to accumulate body fat as a consequence of undernutrition early in life. We selected fifty boys and girls aged 11 to 15, who were residents of slums in São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty were stunted (S) and thirty had normal stature (NS). The children's nutritional status and body composition were assessed through anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at the beginning of the present study and after 3 years, and changes in lean mass (LM and LM%) and fat mass (FM and FM%) were calculated. Stunted boys accumulated more body fat (FM%: S=1·62%, NS=−3·40%; P=0·003) and gained less lean mass (LM%: S=−1·46, NS=3·21%; P=0·004). Stunted girls gained less lean mass (S=7·87 kg, NS=11·96 kg; P=0·032) and had significantly higher values of FM% at follow-up when compared with their baseline values (P=0·008), whereas non-stunted girls had a non-significant difference in FM% over time (P=0·386). These findings are important to understand the factors involved in the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among poor populations, which appear to be associated with hunger during infancy and/or childhood.
Clinical Implications of Research on Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy I. Formulating the Patient's Problems and Goals

In this two-part series of articles, a model for understanding the process of brief dynamic psychotherapy is presented. The model suggests that patients enter therapy with an unconscious plan for how to get better. The therapist's inter­ ventions must be in accord with this plan for the patient to be helped by therapy. The plan concept is described, as are issues involved in inferring a patient's plan. Finally, the ramifications of the plan concept for the conduct of brief dy­ namic psychotherapy are discussed.
Job stress, burnout and substance use among urban transit operators: The potential mediating role of coping behaviour

Abstract Urban transit operators, compared to other occupational groups, have higher rates of mortality and morbidity. A major risk factor is the highly stressful objective environment. This study used structural equation modelling to test a model hypothesizing that transit operators’ coping behaviours in responding to daily job hassles mediate the associations of work stress with burnout and substance use. The study sample consisted of 1231 transit operators who participated in the San Francisco MUNI Health and Safety Study. The results showed a direct and strong association between transit operators’ daily job stress and symptoms of occupational burnout even when a series of controls and coping behaviours were considered. In addition, use of “disengage-deny” and escapist strategies to cope with job stress was positively associated with burnout; the job stress–burnout association was partially mediated through such coping practices. Daily job stress was related to substance use only indirectly and mediated through burnout and use of “disengage-deny” and escapist coping strategies. “Disengage-deny” coping strategies might help reduce substance use whereas escapist coping strategies might increase such use. Overall, our findings suggest that coping behaviour may be an important correlate of transit operators’ ill health. Interventions enabling healthy coping behaviours may help reduce health risks for this occupational group.
Developmental expression of Smoc1 and Smoc2 suggests potential roles in fetal gonad and reproductive tract differentiation

SMOC1 and SMOC2 are matricellular proteins thought to influence growth factor signaling, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and regulation of Smoc1 and Smoc2 in fetal gonad/mesonephros complexes to discover possible roles for these genes in gonad and mesonephros development. Smoc1 was upregulated at ∼E10.75 in a center‐to‐poles wave in pre‐Sertoli and pre‐granulosa cells and its expression was greatly reduced in Wt1, Sf1, and Fog2 mutants. After E13.5, Smoc1 was downregulated in an anterior‐to‐posterior wave in granulosa cells but persisted in Sertoli cells, suggesting a sexually dimorphic requirement in supporting cell lineage differentiation. Smoc2 was expressed in Leydig cells, mesonephroi, and Wnt4 mutant ovaries, but not wildtype ovaries. Using organ culture, we determined that Smoc2 expression was dependent on Hedgehog signaling in testes, mesonephroi, and kidneys. Overall, these results demonstrate that SMOC1 and SMOC2 may mediate intercellular signaling and cell type–specific differentiation during gonad and reproductive tract development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2877–2890, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heap reference analysis using access graphs

Despite significant progress in the theory and practice of program analysis, analyzing properties of heap data has not reached the same level of maturity as the analysis of static and stack data. The spatial and temporal structure of stack and static data is well understood while that of heap data seems arbitrary and is unbounded. We devise bounded representations that summarize properties of the heap data. This summarization is based on the structure of the program that manipulates the heap. The resulting summary representations are certain kinds of graphs called access graphs. The boundedness of these representations and the monotonicity of the operations to manipulate them make it possible to compute them through data flow analysis. An important application that benefits from heap reference analysis is garbage collection, where currently liveness is conservatively approximated by reachability from program variables. As a consequence, current garbage collectors leave a lot of garbage uncollected, a fact that has been confirmed by several empirical studies. We propose the first ever end-to-end static analysis to distinguish live objects from reachable objects. We use this information to make dead objects unreachable by modifying the program. This application is interesting because it requires discovering data flow information representing complex semantics. In particular, we formulate the following new analyses for heap data: liveness, availability, and anticipability and propose solution methods for them. Together, they cover various combinations of directions of analysis (i.e., forward and backward) and confluence of information (i.e. union and intersection). Our analysis can also be used for plugging memory leaks in C/C++ languages.
The Pragmatics of Pronoun Choice in China English: Corpus Evidence from Advanced English Students’ Oral Proficiency Exam

Abstract China English is defined as a developing variety of international English spoken in China with some characteristic features at the level of phonology, grammar, lexis and pragmatics. The authors present the analysis of the use of the first-person plural pronoun we by Chinese senior English majors in spoken English as a way of illustrating how the pragmatic features of these students’ choice of first-person pronoun manifest according to their social positions. Analysis finds that for these speakers we is used in ways that are consistent with wo-men, first person plural pronoun in Chinese, which is often used ambiguously for non-specific reference. Findings indicate that speakers lacking social power will use the pronoun to reproduce a mainstream or generic discourse. The authors conclude by arguing that Chinese university students’ use of we can simultaneously be seen as an expression of their English language proficiency and as an adherence to Chinese cultural and pragmatic norms.
Collision avoidance: divide-and-conquer approach by space characterization and intermediate goals

An efficient method that finds collision-free paths for a manipulator with six revolute joints is described. A global structure of the free space in the three-dimensional (3-D) joint space of the arm of a large open space in the workspace, defined as a space where any orientation of the hand is possible, is represented in this description. >