Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steady-State Brain Glucose Transport Kinetics Re-Evaluated with a Four-State Conformational Model

Glucose supply from blood to brain occurs through facilitative transporter proteins. A near linear relation between brain and plasma glucose has been experimentally determined and described by a reversible model of enzyme kinetics. A conformational four-state exchange model accounting for trans-acceleration and asymmetry of the carrier was included in a recently developed multi-compartmental model of glucose transport. Based on this model, we demonstrate that brain glucose (Gbrain) as function of plasma glucose (Gplasma) can be described by a single analytical equation namely comprising three kinetic compartments: blood, endothelial cells and brain. Transport was described by four parameters: apparent half saturation constant Kt, apparent maximum rate constant Tmax, glucose consumption rate CMRglc, and the iso-inhibition constant Kii that suggests Gbrain as inhibitor of the isomerisation of the unloaded carrier. Previous published data, where Gbrain was quantified as a function of plasma glucose by either biochemical methods or NMR spectroscopy, were used to determine the aforementioned kinetic parameters. Glucose transport was characterized by Kt ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 mM, Tmax/CMRglc from 4.6 to 5.6, and Kii from 51 to 149 mM. It was noteworthy that Kt was on the order of a few mM, as previously determined from the reversible model. The conformational four-state exchange model of glucose transport into the brain includes both efflux and transport inhibition by Gbrain, predicting that Gbrain eventually approaches a maximum concentration. However, since Kii largely exceeds Gplasma, iso-inhibition is unlikely to be of substantial importance for plasma glucose below 25 mM. As a consequence, the reversible model can account for most experimental observations under euglycaemia and moderate cases of hypo- and hyperglycaemia.
Secure Image processing using LWE based Homomorphic encryption

The demand for privacy is more important consideration for digital data maintenance and handling in the systems. However, the problems arise when there is a requirement for publicly sharing and computing with private data. Homomorphic cryptographic algorithms can ensure privacy and enables computation on encrypted data. Many of the Public key encryption schemes and Homomorphic encryption schemes are theoretically proved but not considered to be practical because of several reasons like its large size of the public key, complex operation and other large parameters. However there are other techniques and ideas exists for the practical implementation of Homomorphic encryption. The paper proposes the practical implementation of Image processing operations on encrypted images which are stored in the cloud or transmitted over unsecured channel, using LWE based Homomorphic encryption scheme. LWE scheme is proved to be amazingly versatile and secured and well suitable for Homomorphic encryption. LWE based Homomorphic encryption is implemented to explore the operations on encrypted binary/gray scale image.
Subgroup Variations in Bone Mineral Density Response to Zoledronic Acid After Hip Fracture

Minimizing post‐fracture bone loss is an important aspect of recovery from hip fracture, and determination of factors that affect bone mineral density (BMD) response to treatment after hip fracture may assist in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. A post hoc analysis of the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial was done to determine the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in subgroups with low‐trauma hip fracture. A total of 2127 patients were randomized (1:1) to yearly infusions of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1065) or placebo (n = 1062) within 90 days of operation for low‐trauma hip fracture. The 1486 patients with a baseline and at least one post‐baseline BMD assessment at TH or FN (ZOL = 745, placebo = 741) were included in the analyses. Percentage change from baseline in TH and FN BMD was assessed at months 12 and 24 and compared across subgroups of hip fracture patients. Percentage change from baseline in TH and FN BMD at months 12 and 24 was greater (p < 0.05) in ZOL‐treated patients compared with placebo in most subgroups. Treatment‐by‐subgroup interactions (p < 0.05) indicated that a greater effect on BMD was observed for TH BMD at month 12 in females, in patients in the lower tertile body mass index at baseline (≤22.6 kg/m2), and in patients with baseline FN BMD T‐score of ≤ –2.5; for FN BMD in patients who received ZOL for >6 weeks post‐surgery; and for TH and FN BMD in patients with a history of one or more prior fractures. All interactions were limited to the first 12 months after treatment with none observed for the 24‐month comparisons. (Clinical trial registration number NCT00046254.) © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Detecting anomalies in spatiotemporal data using genetic algorithms with fuzzy community membership

A genetic algorithm is combined with two variants of the modularity (Q) network analysis metric to examine a substantial amount fisheries catch data. The data set produces one of the largest networks evaluated to date by genetic algorithms applied to network community analysis. Rather than using GA to decide community structure that simply maximizes modularity of a network, as is typical, we use two fuzzy community membership functions applied to natural temporal divisions in the network so the GA is used to find interesting areas of the search space through maximization of modularity. The work examines the performance of the genetic algorithm against simulated annealing using both types of fuzzy community membership functions. The algorithms are used in an existing visualization software prototype, where the solutions are evaluated by a fisheries expert.
An exploratory analysis of the cognitive distortions of a sample of men arrested in internet sex stings

Abstract The use of the internet by individuals who are sexually interested in children is considered a major problem which has received a tremendous amount of attention in recent years from the media, general public and law enforcement. However, there has been relatively little research on the so-called “travellers”, men who attempt to solicit children online to eventually meet in person for sexual purposes. This exploratory study will address the types of cognitive distortions possessed by a sample (n=18) of men who were arrested for attempting to solicit sex from minors online. These arrests were part of proactive investigations where law enforcement personnel and associates pose as a minor online to identify men who are soliciting sex from children. The results indicate the presence of three types of cognitive distortions in these subjects—refutation, minimization and justifications/rationalizations. The majority of subjects offered justifications/rationalizations, and sought to minimize their behaviour. Implications for mental health professionals and law enforcement are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.
A −72 dB @ 2 MHz IM3 CMOS tunable pseudo-differential transconductor

A novel CMOS highly linear tunable pseudo-differential transconductor is presented. By using different linearization techniques, a new fully CMOS OTA has been designed that outperforms previous CMOS pseudo differential OTA implementations in terms of linearity. It has been designed in a 0.5 mum-CMOS technology with a single 3.3 V voltage supply. Experimental results show a IM3 of -72 dB for a 1 Vpp input signal at 2 MHz with a current consumption under 5 mA. A large tuning range is obtained with the IM3 always under -70 dB for the same input signal.
DECT evaluation of noncalcified coronary artery plaque.

PURPOSE Composition of the coronary artery plaque is known to have critical role in heart attack. While calcified plaque can easily be diagnosed by conventional CT, it fails to distinguish between fibrous and lipid rich plaques. In the present paper, the authors discuss the experimental techniques and obtain a numerical algorithm by which the electron density (ρ(e)) and the effective atomic number (Z(eff)) can be obtained from the dual energy computed tomography (DECT) data. The idea is to use this inversion method to characterize and distinguish between the lipid and fibrous coronary artery plaques. METHODS For the purpose of calibration of the CT machine, the authors prepare aqueous samples whose calculated values of (ρ(e), Z(eff)) lie in the range of (2.65 × 10(23) ≤ ρ(e) ≤ 3.64 × 10(23)/cm(3)) and (6.80 ≤ Z(eff) ≤ 8.90). The authors fill the phantom with these known samples and experimentally determine HU(V1) and HU(V2), with V1,V2 = 100 and 140 kVp, for the same pixels and thus determine the coefficients of inversion that allow us to determine (ρ(e), Z(eff)) from the DECT data. The HU(100) and HU(140) for the coronary artery plaque are obtained by filling the channel of the coronary artery with a viscous solution of methyl cellulose in water, containing 2% contrast. These (ρ(e), Z(eff)) values of the coronary artery plaque are used for their characterization on the basis of theoretical models of atomic compositions of the plaque materials. These results are compared with histopathological report. RESULTS The authors find that the calibration gives ρ(e) with an accuracy of ±3.5% while Z(eff) is found within ±1% of the actual value, the confidence being 95%. The HU(100) and HU(140) are found to be considerably different for the same plaque at the same position and there is a linear trend between these two HU values. It is noted that pure lipid type plaques are practically nonexistent, and microcalcification, as observed in histopathology, has to be taken into account to explain the nature of the observed (ρ(e), Z(eff)) data. This also enables us to judge the composition of the plaque in terms of basic model which considers the plaque to be composed of fibres, lipids, and microcalcification. CONCLUSIONS This simple and reliable method has the potential as an effective modality to investigate the composition of noncalcified coronary artery plaques and thus help in their characterization. In this inversion method, (ρ(e), Z(eff)) of the scanned sample can be found by eliminating the effects of the CT machine and also by ensuring that the determination of the two unknowns (ρ(e), Ze(ff)) does not interfere with each other and the nature of the plaque can be identified in terms of a three component model.
Deep-Level Team Composition and Innovation

This study proposes and tests a process model linking deep-level team composition and innovation. Two cognitive styles, sequential thinking and connective thinking, are the deep-level team attributes hypothesized to affect team innovation. Psychological safety and cooperative learning are hypothesized to link cognitive styles and innovation at the team level. Findings from a sample of 83 natural innovation teams with dual-source data indicate that sequential thinking contributes to decreases in team innovation by inhibiting psychological safety, while connective thinking helps improve team innovation through increased cooperative learning. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Formation of the –N(NO)N(NO)– polymer at high pressure and stabilization at ambient conditions

A number of exotic structures have been formed through high-pressure chemistry, but applications have been hindered by difficulties in recovering the high-pressure phase to ambient conditions (i.e., one atmosphere and 300 K). Here we use dispersion-corrected density functional theory [PBE-ulg (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof flavor of DFT with the universal low gradient correction for long range London dispersion)] to predict that above 60 gigapascal (GPa) the most stable form of N2O (the laughing gas in its molecular form) is a one-dimensional polymer with an all-nitrogen backbone analogous to cis-polyacetylene in which alternate N are bonded (ionic covalent) to O. The analogous trans-polymer is only 0.03∼0.10 eV/molecular unit less stable. Upon relaxation to ambient conditions, both polymers relax below 14 GPa to the same stable nonplanar trans-polymer. The predicted phonon spectrum and dissociation kinetics validates the stability of this trans-poly-NNO at ambient conditions, which has potential applications as a type of conducting nonlinear optical polymer with all-nitrogen chains and as a high-energy oxidizer for rocket propulsion. This work illustrates in silico materials discovery particularly in the realm of extreme conditions (very high pressure or temperature).
Automatic Detection vs Controlled Search: A Paper-and-Pencil Approach

A new measure of selective attention was presented to 259 normal volunteers. The test was derived from earlier work which emphasized the importance of controlling the distracting conditions using a selective-attention paradigm. In the present study a paper-and-pencil, digit-cancellation format was introduced and the data documented a significant dissociation between tasks analogous to controlled search and automatic detection, two theoretically important aspects of selective attention. Presented is a discussion of similarities and differences of the new measure and classical methods of discriminating between controlled search and automatic detection and the potential significance of this discrimination in clinical neuropsychological investigations.
Experiments on the supervised learning algorithm for formal concept elicitation by cognitive robots

Concept elicitation is a fundamental methodology for knowledge extraction and representation in cognitive robot learning. Traditional machine learning technologies deal with object identification, cluster classification, functional regression, and behavior acquisition. This paper presents a supervised machine knowledge learning methodology for concept elicitation from sample dictionaries in natural languages. Formal concepts are autonomously generated based on collective intention of attributes and collective extension of objects elicited from informal definitions in dictionaries. A system of formal concept generation for a cognitive robot is implemented by the Algorithm of Machine Concept Elicitation (AMCE) in MATLAB. Experiments on machine learning for creating a set of twenty formal concepts reveal that the cognitive robot is able to learn synergized concepts in human knowledge in order to build its own cognitive knowledge base. The results of machine-generated concepts demonstrate that the AMCE algorithm can over perform human knowledge expressions in dictionaries in terms of relevance, accuracy, quantitativeness, and cohesiveness.
Forms of empathy of care home staff working with older people

This qualitative paper examines the use of empathy by care staff working in care homes, and how this empathic engagement relates to the care they provide. Taking an interpretative analytical approach of 36 interviews with care assistants working in 5 UK care homes, it is argued that several different types of empathy are undertaken by care staff in their daily work. These different forms of empathy include direct empathy, placing themselves in the position of the resident, indirect empathy, thinking how they would feel if the resident were a loved one, as well as empathy relating to individuals, groups, specific and general situations. It is argued that these different forms of empathy influence direct care, are used to form caring rules and also relate to care staff's own 'philosophy of care'.
Probability Matching Priors for Non-regular CasesBy SUBHASHIS GHOSALFaculty of Exact Sciences

We study probability matching priors, namely priors that result credible intervals with accurate frequentist coverage, in non-regular cases. Both one-parameter and multi-parameter cases are considered. The resulting priors are shown to satisfy certain diierential equations. Several examples are discussed. It is observed that the reference prior in the sense of Bernardo, in many cases, is also probability matching. As a necessary tool for nding such priors, asymptotic expansion of posterior distribution for multi-parameter non-regular cases is also obtained.
Phoenix: A Relational Storage Component for the Cloud

This paper describes the design and architecture of a cloud-based relational database system. The system's core component is a storage engine, which is responsible for mapping the logical schema, based on relations, to a physical storage, based on a distributed key-value data store. The proposed stratified architecture provides physical data independence, by allowing different approaches for data mapping and partitioning, while the distributed data store is responsible for providing scalability, availability, data replication and ACID properties. A prototype of the system, named Phoenix, has been developed based on the proposed architecture using a transactional key-value store. Experimental studies on a cluster of commodity servers show that Phoenix preserves the desired properties of key-value stores, while providing relational database functionality at a very low overhead.
Automatic Integrity Checking of IFC Models relative to building Regulations

Regulations play an important role in assuring the integrity of the Building Information Model (BIM) in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) project. Regulation based BIM model checking is widely used in many disciplines. It can ensure the model meets users' various requirements or detect the potential defects. However, the correctness of checking result is not certainly guaranteed because of the incompleteness of model, the ambiguity of regulation etc. IFC has become an open international standard for BIM data that is exchanged and shared among software applications used by various participants in building construction or facility management project. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically check the integrity of IFC models relative to various building regulations. It can check comprehensively whether the information required by the regulation is contained in the model, demonstrating the problem elements. The standard IFC format of BIM models are considered. Given a building regulation, we first describe it formally by logic formulas, then extract an OWL model form IFC and generate corresponding SPARQL queries to check the information integrity. We propose several optimization strategies on the style of generated SPARQL queries and its execution flow, which can improve the time efficiency and deal with large-scale applications. A prototype has been implemented and used in the BIM models of a real building project in China. Our method found out many problems on the information integrity of construction BIM automatically, which helped to reduce the manual efforts on checking and ensure the correctness of construction BIM.
Restricted colorings of graphs

Abstract The problem of properly coloring the vertices (or edges) of a graph using for each vertex (or edge) a color from a prescribed list of permissible colors, received a considerable amount of attention. Here we describe the techniques applied in the study of this subject, which combine combinatorial, algebraic and probabilistic methods, and discuss several intriguing conjectures and open problems. This is mainly a survey of recent and less recent results in the area, but it contains several new results as well. Introduction Graph coloring is arguably the most popular subject in graph theory. An interesting variant of the classical problem of coloring properly the vertices of a graph with the minimum possible number of colors arises when one imposes some restrictions on the colors available for every vertex. This variant received a considerable amount of attention that led to several fascinating conjectures and results, and its study combines interesting combinatorial techniques with powerful algebraic and probabilistic ideas. The subject, initiated independently by Vizing [51] and by Erdos, Rubin and Taylor [24], is usually known as the study of the choosability properties of a graph. In the present paper we survey some of the known recent and less recent results in this topic, focusing on the techniques involved and mentioning some of the related intriguing open problems. This is mostly a survey article, but it contains various new results as well.
A Real-Time Anomaly Network Intrusion Detection System with High Accuracy

Reliance on Internet and online procedures increased the potential of attacks launched over the Internet. Therefore, network security needs to be concerned to provide secure information channels. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a valuable tool for the defense-in-depth of computer networks. However, building an efficie nt IDS faces a number of challenges. One of the important challenges is dealing with data containing high number of features. This paper is devoted to solve this challenge by proposing an effective PSO-Discritize-HNB intrusion detection system. The proposed PSO-Discritize-HNB IDS combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Information Entropy Minimization (IEM) discritize method with the Hidden NaBayes (HNB) classifier. To evaluate the performance of the proposed network IDS several experiments are conducted on the NSL-KDD network intrusion detection dataset. A comparative study of applying Information Gain (IG) which is a well known feature selection algorithm with HNB classifier was accomplished. Also, to validate the proposed PSO-Disc ritize-HNB network intrusion detection; it is compared with different feature selection methods as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Gain Ratio. The results obtained showed the adequacy of the proposed network IDS by reducing the number of features from 41 to 11, which leads to high intrusion detection accuracy (98.2%) and improving the speed to 0.18 sec.
Employment and Support Allowance: capability, personalization and disabled people in the UK

In 2008 the Employment and Support Allowance was introduced in the UK as the income replacement benefit for disabled people. In this paper we focus upon the reasons for its introduction, the notions of disability and the two main ideas – capability and personalization – that provide the framework for its operation. The paper engages with the arguments put forward by the UK's government that the Employment and Support Allowance will enable disabled people to access paid work in greater numbers. The paper argues that Employment and Support Allowance will become part of a disabling employment architecture because it does little to improve the human capital of disabled people and is concerned with getting them into entry-level employment that is part of the ‘low pay, no pay’ cycle.
XmnI polymorphism frequency in heterozygote beta thalassemia subjects and its relation to Fetal hemoglobin levels

(7) Additionally, the IVS-I110 (25.64%) and IVS-I-6 (5.12%) were found as were other unidentified mutations (8.9%). There was no statistical difference between the presence of the XmnI polymorphism and beta thalassemia mutations (p = 0.99). In conclusion, the XmnI polymorphism influences Hb F concentrations in patients with the beta-thalassemia trait. The presence of the polymorphic site showed no difference between heterozygous beta-thalassemia carriers and control subjects. The average levels of Hb F in individuals with heterozygous beta-thalassemia and with the XmnI polymorphism were higher than normal, showing the influence of this site on the gene expression of γ-globin.