Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved NLOS Error Mitigation Based on LTS Algorithm

A new improved Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) based algorithm for Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error mitigation is proposed for indoor localisation systems. The conventional LTS algorithm has hard threshold to decide the final set of base stations (BSs) to be used in position calculations. When the number of Line of Sight (LOS) BSs is more than the number of NLOS BSs the conventional LTS algorithm does not include some of them in position estimation due to principle of LTS algorithm or under heavy NLOS environments it cannot separate least biased BSs to use. To improve the performance of the conventional LTS algorithm in dynamic environments we have proposed a method that selects BSs for position calculation based on ordered residuals without discarding half of the BSs. By choosing a set of BSs which have least residual errors among all combinations as a final set for position calculation, we were able to decrease the localisation error of the system in dynamic environments. We demonstrate the robustness of the new improved method based on computer simulations under realistic channel environments.
mage-based automatic detection of indoor scene events and interactive inquiry

This paper proposes a system for an automatic detection of indoor scene events with interactive inquiry based on speech dialog and gesture recognition. The system detects the events that various objects are brought in or taken out by image recognition. The user of the system inquires the stored events in the past by pointing the objects or space and using speech dialog. Since automatic event detection may fail in complicated indoor scene, the system can use interactive inquiry to correct such failures.
Molecularly imprinted polymer beads:  suspension polymerization using a liquid perfluorocarbon as the dispersing phase.

A suspension polymerization technique suitable for molecular imprinting is described, based on the use of a liquid perfluorocarbon as the dispersing phase. This dispersant does not interfere with the interactions between functional monomers and print molecules required for the recognition process during molecular imprinting. The method produces polymer beads, with almost quantitative yield, which can be used after only a simple washing step. An acrylate polymer with perfluorocarbon and poly(oxyethylene) ester groups was used to stabilize an emulsion of functional monomer, cross-linker, print molecule, initiator, and porogenic solvent in perfluoro(methylcyclohexane). Initiation of polymerization by UV irradiation resulted in polymer beads. The average bead size could be controlled between about 50 and 5 μm by varying the amount of stabilizing polymer. SEM of the beads indicated spherical particles with morphology typical of beads made by suspension polymerization. The technique was applicable to a range of conditions typically used for molecular imprinting. A detailed chromatographic study of the polymer beads confirmed that α values and resolution factors were similar to those achieved with traditional ground and sieved imprinted polymers. Small (5 μm) beaded packings gave low back pressure and rapid diffusion, giving good separation even at high flow rates.
Differential Information Processing by Hippocampal and Subicular Neurons

Abstract: It has been known for some years that hippocampal neurons are critically involved in processing of information necessary for encoding memories. What is less understood is the role of the subiculum in this process. We describe here differential response characteristics of subicular and hippocampal neurons in rats during execution of a delayed‐nonmatch‐to‐sample short‐term memory task. Subicular neurons, unlike hippocampal neurons, fire primarily in the delay interval of the task and appear to provide a temporal linkage between events encoded in hippocampus during the sample and nonmatch phases. Indeed, a large proportion of subicular neurons fire robustly for the entire duration of the delay only. Further analyses using electrical activation methods indicate that subicular neurons that receive short latency inputs from the anterior thalamus and do not project to cingulate cortex are the most responsive to stimuli with behavioral significance.
Satisfacción laboral y relaciones de género en la universidad

Resumen La situacion de genero en la universidad indica la existencia de inequidad en la situacion de hombres y mujeres. Este estudio realizado en la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, explora las condiciones diferenciales en satisfaccion laboral, relaciones de genero y posible acoso laboral entre profesores y administrativos. Se realizo una investigacion correlacional con una muestra estadistica de 152 participantes, 48.6% profesores y 51.4% administrativos, con la aplicacion de un instrumento estructurado. De los resultados se destaca la alta insatisfaccion laboral, especialmente entre los hombres, las diferencias por sexo sobre la seleccion de personal, el acceso a cargos de poder, el mayor valor otorgado al trabajo masculino y la ausencia de democracia en la toma de decisiones en la universidad.
Spike-Frequency Adaptation Separates Transient Communication Signals from Background Oscillations

Spike-frequency adaptation is a prominent feature of many neurons. However, little is known about its computational role in processing behaviorally relevant natural stimuli beyond filtering out slow changes in stimulus intensity. Here, we present a more complex example in which we demonstrate how spike-frequency adaptation plays a key role in separating transient signals from slower oscillatory signals. We recorded in vivo from very rapidly adapting electroreceptor afferents of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. The firing-frequency response of electroreceptors to fast communication stimuli (“small chirps”) is strongly enhanced compared with the response to slower oscillations (“beats”) arising from interactions of same-sex conspecifics. We are able to accurately predict the electroreceptor afferent response to chirps and beats, using a recently proposed general model for spike-frequency adaptation. The parameters of the model are determined for each neuron individually from the responses to step stimuli. We conclude that the dynamics of the rapid spike-frequency adaptation is sufficient to explain the data. Analysis of additional data from step responses demonstrates that spike-frequency adaptation acts subtractively rather than divisively as expected from depressing synapses. Therefore, the adaptation dynamics is linear and creates a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 23 Hz that separates fast signals from slower changes in input. A similar critical frequency is seen in behavioral data on the probability of a fish emitting chirps as a function of beat frequency. These results demonstrate how spike-frequency adaptation in general can facilitate extraction of signals of different time scales, specifically high-frequency signals embedded in slower oscillations.
Investigations of the fracture strength of thin silicon dies embedded in flexible foil substrates

Mechanical stress induced by mechanical and thermal loading on thin silicon devices breaks the devices at a certain load called the fracture or breaking strength of the device. The displacement experienced by the dies, due to bending, at fracture strength is called the fracture displacement. The strength properties of thin, bare silicon dies have already been reported. This work extends the study further to demonstrate the improvement in the fracture strength of thin silicon dies, of three different thicknesses (30, 65 and 130 μm), when integrated in flexible foil substrates. The fracture strength of the dies was measured using uniaxial (3-point-bending test) and biaxial (Ring-ball test) bending tests. Experimental results of the fracture strength of thin, bare silicon dies were in good agreement with simulation results obtained from Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Experimental results showed that there was an increase of the fracture strength up to about 190% and an increase in the curvature of bending up to about 85% when silicon dies were integrated in flexible foil substrates. This increase in the fracture strength and curvature of bending can be useful in designing and manufacturing more mechanically robust flexible electronic devices.
Sociopolitical Domain As a Bridge from General Words to Terms of Specic Domains

In the paper we argue that there exists a polythematic domain which is situated in an intermediate area between senses of a general language area and specic domains. The concepts of this domain can be naturally added to general wordnets together with publicly known technical terms. Such enhanced wordnets can provide much more considerable preliminary coverage of domain specic texts, improve efcienc y of word sense disambiguation procedures. Majority of the texts in electronic collections contain as general words as terms from specic domains. To effectively organize automatic text processing, knowledge resources have to include descriptions of both types of language expressions. However for years general words and domain terms were studied by different research communities. Lexicology and lexicography studied meanings of general words, technical terms were considered by terminologists in the general theory of terminology. Wuster wrote that the main difference in consideration of general words by lexicologists and terms by terminologists was as follows: terminologists begin consideration from a concept, but lexicologists from a form of a linguistic expression (15). He wrote that terminological research starts from the concept which has to be precisely delimited and that in terminology concepts are considered to be independent from their designations. This explains the fact that terminologists talk about 'concepts' while linguists talk about 'word meanings'. But now when linguists began to develop wordnets for various languages, the situation is changing. Creating wordnets linguists construct hierarchical semantic networks, try to nd similar isynsetsi for different languages, build the top ontology of language-independent concepts (2). These directions of lexical research are much closer to the study of concepts, therefore the distinction between approaches seems to be considerably less serious. Recently researchers began development of wordnets for specic domains (1,14). From this point of view it is very important to understand how a general wordnet and domain specic wordnets interact with each other, how development of domain specic wordnets correlates with terminology research, if it is possible to combine lexical and terminological knowledge in the same linguistic resource. In this paper we argue that there exists a polythematic domain which is situated in an intermediate area between senses of general language and concepts of specic domains and partially intersects with both ones. The concepts of this domain can be naturally added to
AER: do we need to “improve” our alignments?

Currently most statistical machine translation systems make use of alignments as a first step in the process of training the actual translation models. Several researchers have investigated how to improve the alignment quality, with the (intuitive) assumption that better alignments increase the translation quality. In this paper we will investigate this assumption and show that this is not always the case.
Sustainability and Competitiveness of Agriculture in Mountain Areas: A Willingness to Pay (WTP) Approach

One of the most evident elements of the agricultural crisis is farm abandonment in many marginal rural areas, such as mountains. Some traits of mountain agriculture such as remoteness, low productivity, extreme weather and small farm size, can limit the adaptation and the competitiveness of this branch. The analysis aims to assess the consumers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for permanence of the upland farms and mountain pastures, by a Contingent Valuation analysis. The main results are that a WTP for the redevelopment of the pastures exists and that the personal characteristics of the sample are more influential than the opinions of the individuals on WTP. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that consumers seem to prefer an agricultural orientation of the upland farms rather than a touristic one. In the conclusion section, some policy guidelines are proposed.
The Homologous ABI5 and EEL Transcription Factors Function Antagonistically to Fine-Tune Gene Expression during Late Embryogenesis Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.000869.

In Arabidopsis, the basic leucine zipper transcription factor ABI5 activates several late embryogenesis–abundant genes, including AtEm1 and AtEm6. However, the expression of many other seed maturation genes is independent of ABI5. We investigated the possibility that ABI5 homologs also participate in the regulation of gene expression during seed maturation. We identified 13 ABI5-related genes in the Arabidopsis genomic sequence. RNA gel blot analysis showed that seven of these genes are active during seed maturation and that they display distinct expression kinetics. We isolated and characterized two mutant alleles of one of these genes, AtbZIP12/EEL. Unlike abi5, the eel mutations did not inhibit the expression of any of the maturation marker genes that we monitored. On the contrary, the accumulation of the AtEm1 and AtEm6 mRNAs was enhanced in eel mutant seeds compared with wild-type seeds. Gel mobility shift assays, combined with analysis of the genetic interactions among the eel and abi5 mutations, indicated that ABI5 and EEL compete for the same binding sites within the AtEm1 promoter. This study illustrates how two homologous transcription factors can play antagonistic roles to fine-tune gene expression.
Play and Exploration in Children and Animals

Contents: Preface. Introduction. Part I: Solitary Object Exploration and Play. Solitary Object Exploration and Play in Animals. Solitary Object Exploration and Play in Children. Part II: Physical Activity Play. Play-Fighting in Animals. Play-Fighting in Children. Locomotor Play in Animals. Locomotor Play in Children. Part III: Social Object, Social Pretend, and Parent-Child Play. Social Object and Sociodramatic Play in Children. Parent-Child Play. Conclusions.
A novel spectrum sensing scheme based on phase difference

Spectrum sensing is one of the most challenging tasks in cognitive radio. Unfortunately traditional schemes fail to balance between accuracy and complexity, which are the key indicators for the performance of spectrum sensing. In this paper, a new spectrum sensing scheme based on phase difference is proposed. Through analyzing the distributions of phase difference between adjacent samples of noise and noise-perturbed primary signal, we notice that the mean of phase difference varies from noise when primary signal is present. On this basis, a novel sensing scheme using the accumulation of phase difference as test statistics is formulated. Then the analytical performance of our scheme is derived and its complexity is analyzed. Our proposed scheme is simple, accurate and immune to noise uncertainty. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms conventional energy detection and can achieve a detection probability of 99% at -7dB signal-to-noise ratio using 500 data samples.
Tuple-Space Mapper : Design , Challenges and Goals

Library-based and pre-compiled visualization tools incur many penalties that hinder the adoption of visualization as a technique for many applications. Libraries necessitate familiarity with the data structures and control flows that are incumbent in traditional programming, but not central to visualization. Task-specific visualization applications alleviate these needs, but induce users to move data between applications as their needs change. We propose a generative programming approach to visualization tool construction based on domain specific languages. We believe this approach will simplify the process of visualization creation, simplify integration with many tools (reducing error-prone conversion steps) and ease the modification of existing tools (reducing the pressure to introduce new tools as needs change). In this paper, we present an architecture for a such a tool, outline the technical requirements and challenges and argue for its relevance to improving the adoption of visualization.
The Evolution of Self‐Fertilization in Perennials

Many plants are perennials, but studies of self‐fertilization do not usually include features of perennial life histories. We therefore develop models that include selfing, a simple form of perenniality, adult inbreeding depression, and an adult survivorship cost to seed production. Our analysis shows that inbreeding depression in adults diminishes the genetic transmission advantage associated with selfing, especially in long‐lived perennials that experience inbreeding depression over many seasons. Perennials also pay a cost when selfing increases total seed set at the expense of future survivorship and reproduction. Such life‐history considerations shed new light on the generalization that annuals self‐fertilize more than perennials. Past research suggested reproductive assurance as an explanation for this association, but common modes of selfing offer equal reproductive assurance to annuals and perennials. Instead, perennials may avoid selfing because of adult inbreeding depression and the cost to future survivorship and reproduction.
EMALS optimal design

A semi-analytical model of the Double Sided Tubular Linear Induction Motor (DSTLIM) is adopted for the optimization of the thrust force of the stages of an ElectroMagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS). The model allows a fast and accurate prediction of all the electromagnetic quantities in the device, including the thrust force, the back-electromotive force, the distribution of the induced current and the average magnetic flux density in the teeth. This provides a basis for the design which has been performed by a novel evolutionary optimization algorithm. By using the semi-analytical formulation, the characterization of the machine is greatly facilitated so allowing a fast evaluation of the cost function and of the design constraints.
Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machines: Magnetic field modelling

The brushless DFIM is a complex machine type. Though never commercially exploited, it has a great potential as generator system in large-scale wind turbines. This paper develops an analytical magnetic field model for the brushless DFIM. Since the brushless DFIM rotor construction has a rich space harmonic spectrum, attention is paid to the effects of winding space-harmonics. The developed model is validated by FE calculations. With use of the developed model, the brushless DFIM operating principles are considered from the point of view of the magnetic field.
Adaptive Parent Population Sizing in Evolution Strategies

Adaptive population sizing aims at improving the overall progress of an evolution strategy. At each generation, it determines the parental population size that promises the largest fitness gain, based on the information collected during the evolutionary process. In this paper, we develop an adaptive variant of a evolution strategy. Based on considerations on the sphere, we derive two approaches for adaptive population sizing. We then test these approaches empirically on the sphere model using a normalized mutation strength and cumulative mutation strength adaption. Finally, we compare the methodology on more general functions with a fixed population, covariance matrix adaption evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The results confirm that our adaptive population sizing methods yield better results than even the best fixed population size.
Trachoma Viruses Isolated in United States.∗ 1. Growth in Embryonated Eggs

Summary From 6 active trachoma cases in the United States strains of“trachoma virus”have been isolated. Conjunctival scrapings suspended in broth-saline containing 1-10 μg/ml streptomycin were inoculated into yolk sac of embryonated eggs. From 1 to 6 blind passages were required for establishment of strains which subsequently reached titers of 106.3-107.4 egg LD50/ml. The essential nature of ill-defined egg“quality”for isolation of“trachoma viruses”is discussed. The isolated agents produced unequivocal eye infections in M. Cynomolgus and in a human volunteer.
Reading Rousseau in the Nuclear Age

For more than two centuries, the political writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau have helped shape many different responses to historical experience. While today's readers are aware of Rousseau's contemporary significance, his writings on war and peace have been almost completely ignored. This book offers a fresh interpretation of two of Rousseau's little-known works: his unfinished "The State of War" and his summary and critique of the Abbe de Saint-Pierre's "Project for Perpetual Peace". Starting with an account of her discovery of the original page sequence of Rousseau's manuscript on "The State of War," Grace G. Roosevelt explores his theory of international conflict and explains his alternative approaches to the problem of securing peace. She brings out the important connections between Rousseau's theory of international politics and his principles of education, arguing throughout for the continuing relevance of his ideas.Roosevelt's main contention is that, when studied in relation to his works on politics and education, Rousseau's writings on war and peace provide the modern reader with a realistic analysis of the war system and a normative vision of the possibilities for peace. In discussing his principles of education, Roosevelt suggests that Rousseau's writings challenge us to confront the question of whether educational systems should aim to create citizens of a particular state or citizens of the world. The book includes full translations, by the author, of Rousseau's unpublished manuscript on "The State of War" and of his forty-page 'Summary' and 'Critique' of the "Project for Perpetual Peace". Author note: Grace G. Roosevelt is Adjunct Assistant Professor of the Humanities in the General Studies Program at New York University.
OriginalContributions Intracarotid Urokinase With Thromboembolic Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Intracarotid urokinase infusion therapy was performed on 22 patients with evolving cerebral infarction due to acute thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Mean time from onset of symptoms to start of infusion and mean dosage of urokinase were 4.5 hours and 927,000 units, respectively. Immediate recanalization was achieved in 10 patients (45%) after urokinase therapy. In patients with successful recanalization, rapid amelioration of symptoms followed the restoration of blood flow. Thrombolytic recanalization was associated with reduction of neurologic deficits and of computed tomography-demonstrable infarction volume. The reduction of infarction volume and functional outcome correlated highly with the degree of reflow. Hemorrhagic transformation of infarction occurred in four patients and controllable extracranial bleeding in three patients. These results support the safety and efficacy of urokinase therapy for acute thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. (Stroke 1988;19:802-812)