Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Breast Cancer by Estrogen Receptor Status

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and risk factors could be differentially associated with the development of distinct tumor subtypes that manifest different biological behavior and progression. In support of this view, there is growing evidence that known breast cancer risk factors vary by hormone receptor status and perhaps other pathologic characteristics of disease. Recent work from large consortial studies has led to the discovery of novel breast cancer susceptibility loci in genic (CASP8, FGFR2, TNRC9, MAP3K1, LSP1) and nongenic regions (8q24, 2q35, 5p12) of the genome, and to the finding of substantial heterogeneity by tumor characteristics. In particular, susceptibility loci in FGFR2, TNRC9, 8q24, 2q35, and 5p12 have stronger associations for estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) disease than estrogen receptor–negative (ER−) disease. These findings suggest that common genetic variants can influence the pathologic subtype of breast cancer, and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER+ and ER− disease result from different etiologic pathways. Current studies had limited power to detect susceptibility loci for less common tumor subtypes, such as ER− disease including triple-negative and basal-like tumors. Ongoing work targeting uncommon subtypes is likely to identify additional tumor-specific susceptibility loci in the near future. Characterization of etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer may lead to improvements in the understanding of the biological mechanisms for breast cancer, and ultimately result in improvements in prevention, early detection, and treatment.
Scripting versus Emergence: Issues for Game Developers and Players in Game Environment Design

This paper defines and discusses two contrasting approaches to designing game environments. The first, referred to as scripting, requires developers to anticipate, hand-craft and script specific game objects, events and player interactions. The second, known as emergence, involves defining general, global rules that interact to give rise to emergent gameplay. Each of these approaches is defined, discussed and analyzed with respect to the considerations and affects for game developers and game players. Subsequently, various techniques for implementing these design approaches are identified and discussed. It is concluded that scripting and emergence are two extremes of the same continuum, neither of which are ideal for game development. Rather, there needs to be a compromise in which the boundaries of action (such as story and game objectives) can be hardcoded and non-scripted behavior (such as interactions and strategies) are able to emerge within these boundaries.
UFvH: Unified Feature Video Hashing for Near-Duplicate Video Retrieval

Video hashing is a hot topic in large-scale near-duplicate video retrieval (NDVR), where feature extraction and hash generation are two key steps. However, there are still some challenges about feature fusion and hash similarity evaluation in the video hashing framework. This study proposes Unified Feature video Hashing (UFvH) to address these challenges. In the proposed framework, we first project multiple features into a unified space to construct a fusion feature called unified feature on the basis of multi-view canonical correlation analysis (MCCA), and then we learn the video-level hash based on natural binary code (NBC) and K-means clustering. Finally, we propose a video-level similarity measurement based on Manhattan distance to preserve the relative neighborhood structure of the original feature. Experimental results show that UFvH can outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
Lightweight Communications and Marshalling for Low-Latency Interprocess Communication

We describe the Lightweight Communications and Marshalling (LCM) library for message passing and data marshalling. The primary goal of LCM is to simplify the development of low-latency message passing systems, targeted at real-time robotics applications. LCM is comprised of several components: a data type specification language, a message passing system, logging/playback tools, and real-time analysis tools. LCM provides a platformand language-independent type specification language. These specifications can be compiled into platform and language specific implementations, eliminating the need for users to implement marshalling code while guaranteeing run-time type safety. Messages can be transmitted between different processes using LCM’s message-passing system, which implements a publish/subscribe model. LCM’s implementation is notable in providing low-latency messaging and eliminating the need for a central communications “hub”. This architecture makes it easy to mix simulated, recorded, and live data sources. A number of logging, playback, and traffic inspection tools simplify common development and debugging tasks. LCM is targeted at robotics and other real-time systems where low latency is critical; its messaging model permits dropping messages in order to minimize the latency of new messages. In this paper, we explain LCM’s design, evaluate its performance, and describe its application to a number of autonomous land, underwater, and aerial robots.
ActiVibe: Design and Evaluation of Vibrations for Progress Monitoring

Smartwatches and activity trackers are becoming prevalent, providing information about health and fitness, and offering personalized progress monitoring. These wearable devices often offer multimodal feedback with embedded visual, audio, and vibrotactile displays. Vibrations are particularly useful when providing discreet feedback, without users having to look at a display or anyone else noticing, thus preserving the flow of the primary activity. Yet, current use of vibrations is limited to basic patterns, since representing more complex information with a single actuator is challenging. Moreover, it is unclear how much the user--s current physical activity may interfere with their understanding of the vibrations. We address both issues through the design and evaluation of ActiVibe, a set of vibrotactile icons designed to represent progress through the values 1 to 10. We demonstrate a recognition rate of over 96% in a laboratory setting using a commercial smartwatch. ActiVibe was also evaluated in situ with 22 participants for a 28-day period. We show that the recognition rate is 88.7% in the wild and give a list of factors that affect the recognition, as well as provide design guidelines for communicating progress via vibrations.
Analysis and Exploitation of Multipath Ghosts in Radar Target Image Classification

An analysis of the relationship between multipath ghosts and the direct target image for radar imaging is presented. A multipath point spread function (PSF) is defined that allows for specular reflections in the local environment and can allow the ghost images to be localized. Analysis of the multipath PSF shows that certain ghosts can only be focused for the far field synthetic aperture radar case and not the full array case. Importantly, the ghosts are shown to be equivalent to direct target images taken from different observation angles. This equivalence suggests that exploiting the ghosts would improve target classification performance, and this improvement is demonstrated using experimental data and a naïve Bayesian classifer. The maximum performance gain achieved is 32%.
The future of new institutional economics: from early intuitions to a new paradigm?

Abstract: The trajectory of institutional economics changed in the 1970s when new institutional economics (NIE) began to take shape around some relative vague intuitions which eventually developed into powerful conceptual and analytical tools. The emergence of NIE is a success story by many measures: four Nobel laureates in less than 20 years, increasing penetration of mainstream journals, and significant impacts on major policy debates. This rapid acceptance is remarkable when we consider that it was divided from birth into distinct schools of thought. What will be the future of NIE? Will it be quietly absorbed by mainstream theory, or will it radically transform neoclassical economics into a new paradigm that includes institutions? To address these questions, we follow the sometimes-bumpy road to NIE's current successes and ponder the challenges that lie ahead.
The Effect of the Residential Mosaic and "White Flight" on Public School Composition: Evidence from Los Angeles County

This article examines the relationship between public school and neighborhood composition in Los Angeles County. In contrast to studies that examine the relationship between school and neighborhood composition at the school district level, our analysis focuses on the finer geographical unit of school attendance zones and finds that there is a strong correlation between the racial and ethnic composition of the school attendance zone and that of the school located in it. However, the analysis of the outliers suggests that private school attendance and open enrollment may increasingly lead to an uncoupling of the relationship between public school and neighborhood composition. This has important implications for school integration and suggests that even in a multiethnic city like Los Angeles "White flight" continues to be one strategy by which White families avoid contact between their children and racial or ethnic minorities.
Programa de tratamento para usuários de cocaína/crack baseado no modelo transteórico de mudança

This doctoral thesis is about psychological treatments for cocaine/crack users, and has 4 articles, structured in the form of sessions. Session 1 is the theoretical chapter, which aimed to present a literature review of treatments offered for crack users, through a systematic review of international and national literature indexed in Medline, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science using the descriptors crack or cocaine or cocaine smokers (crack) and psychosocial treatment or psychotherapy or psychological treatment (psychological treatment) including articles published in the period of 2001-2011. The results show that there is no consensus on the effectiveness of crack users treatment, the few efforts to compare techniques resulted in evidence of little or no difference, although there are registered benefits in the application of any those. In session II, a randomized clinical trial is presented in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention program for cocaine/crack users. The findings of this study suggest that the intervention was effective for readiness for behavior change and for the maintenance of abstinence in the first two weeks post-treatment. Session III, aimed to evaluate and compare therapists skills for using the principles of motivational interviewing through Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale. As a result it was found that the therapists from the group (TTM + MI) were competent in the overall score of the MI spirit, in the percentage of complex reflections and in the percentage of MI adherent; when compared to the control group (Psychoeducation), there was significant difference in all MITI scale scores. The purpose of the session IV, was to verify possible associations and cognitive performance influence in readiness for change in cocaine/crack users. The WCST, WAIS-III subtests, the URICA, and the readiness to change scale were applied in a 113 users sample. The results showed significant correlations between the presence of cognitive deficits and lower degrees of motivation. Multiple regression analyzes showed levels of influence of cognitive tests performance increasing the subject’s readiness to change. Thus, it can be inferred that cognitive performance correlates to readiness for behavior change in cocaine/crack users.
Substance-misusers' anxiety and traumatic event prevalence

This study documented the prevalence of twelve traumatic event categories among individuals in UK substance misuse treatments. The relationship between traumatic events, anxiety and active substance misuse was tested. A cross-sectional design compared treated ex-substance-misusers and prescribed active substance-misusers, with respective ‘norm’ comparisons. The average event category prevalence among both substance-misuse groups was generally twice that of their respective comparisons. When using a different reporting method among the active substance-misuse group, the average event category prevalence increased by over a third. However, only a third of all events had a high impact as demonstrated by intrusiveness, and these events were related to higher anxiety among active substance-misusers. Overall, event prevalence was not related to anxiety, neither were events that happened during childhood, despite a third of the active substance-misusers reporting childhood sexual molestation. Anxiety levels among the active substance-misusers were no different from the recently abstinent ex-substance-misusers and they were significantly higher than the anxiety levels of non-substance-misusers. Reporting methods may seriously influence the outcome of event-prevalence studies and only a minority of traumatic events are related to intrusiveness and anxiety.
Characterization of Francisella species isolated from the cooling water of an air conditioning system

Strains of Francisella spp. were isolated from cooling water from an air conditioning system in Guangzhou, China. These strains are Gram negative, coccobacilli, non-motile, oxidase negative, catalase negative, esterase and lipid esterase positive. In addition, these bacteria grow on cysteine-supplemented media at 20 °C to 40 °C with an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains belong to the genus Francisella. Biochemical tests and phylogenetic and BLAST analyses of 16S rRNA, rpoB and sdhA genes indicated that one strain was very similar to Francisella philomiragia and that the other strains were identical or highly similar to the Francisella guangzhouensis sp. nov. strain 08HL01032 we previously described. Biochemical and molecular characteristics of these strains demonstrated that multiple Francisella species exist in air conditioning systems.
Post-silicon bug detection for variation induced electrical bugs

Electrical bugs, such as those caused by crosstalk or power droop, are a growing concern due to shrinking noise margins and increasing variability. This paper introduces COBE, an electrical bug modeling technique which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of validation tests and DfD (design-for-debug) structures for detecting these errors in post-silicon validation. COBE first uses gate-level timing details to identify critical flip-flops in which the error effects of electrical bugs are more likely to be captured. Based on RTL simulation traces, the functional tests and corresponding cycles in which these critical flip-flops incur transitions are then recorded as the potential times and locations of bug activation. These selected “bit-flips” are then analyzed through functional simulation to determine if they are propagated to an observation point for detection. Compared to the commonly employed random bit-flip injection technique, COBE provides a significantly more accurate electrical bug model by taking into account the likelihood of bug activation, in terms of both location and time, for bit-flip injection. COBE is experimentally evaluated on an Alpha 21264 processor RTL model. In our simulation-based experiments, the results show that the relative effectiveness of the tests predicted by COBE correlates very well with the tests' electrical bug detection capability, with a correlation factor of 0.921. This method is much more accurate than the random bit-flip injection technique, which has a correlation factor of 0.482.
An optimal online strategy to increment connection trees

Constructing a tree spanning a given subset of vertices of a graph is a generic problem that has been extensively studied (for example the classical Steiner tree is one of them). In this paper, we propose to take into account a problem that has not been often studied: the dynamic part, in which new vertices must be inserted in a given tree. We propose to do these insertions with respect of structural constraints that we describe and to capture the efficiency of algorithms by a particular type of competitive ratios. The parameter to optimize in our study is related to distances between the connected vertices. Our main results are the following. We propose a method, called median-addition. We prove that its competitive ratio is non constant but optimal. This result is proved under the hypothesis that the algorithm does not know the sequence of added vertices (called unknown-future or online model). This method can be used to design communication structures for applications like video-conference in networks for example. In another part of the paper, we prove the surprising following result: even if the algorithm knows the sequence of additions of new vertices (hence everything is known in advance), no algorithm can have a constant competitive ratio.
Central American police perception of street gang characteristics

This article examines the characteristics of Central American street gangs perceived as successful from the perspective of police officers working in high concentration gang areas. About 126 officers from seven Central American countries prioritised a list of characteristics adopted from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's Sleipnir matrix. Results suggest some regional commonalities but also significant local variation in numerous characteristics. Gangs were perceived to share many success traits, including a propensity to use violence, foster strong group cohesion, and engage in intelligence gathering. Equally, however, gangs are a product of their local socioeconomic and political structures and significant variance was found between countries, specifically with regard to group cohesion, discipline and gang exploitation of corruption to further group aims. These (statistically significant) local differences have implications for the creation of national anti-gang policies and the research is the first to explore police officer perception of gang characteristics in this way.
Critical care nurses' perceptions of futile care and its effect on burnout.

BACKGROUND Nurses' perceptions of futile care may lead to emotional exhaustion. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between critical care nurses' perceptions of futile care and its effect on burnout. METHODS A descriptive survey design was used with 60 critical care nurses who worked full-time and had a minimum of 1 year of critical care experience at the 2 participating hospitals (350-470 beds). Subjects completed a survey on demographics, the Moral Distress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Six research questions were tested. The results of the following question are presented: Is there a relationship between frequency of moral distress situations involving futile care and emotional exhaustion? RESULTS A Pearson product moment correlational analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between the score on the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the score on the frequency subscale of the Moral Distress Scale. Moral distress accounted for 10% of the variance in emotional exhaustion. Demographic variables of age, education, religion, and rotation between the critical care units were significantly related to the major variables. CONCLUSIONS In critical care nurses, the frequency of moral distress situations that are perceived as futile or nonbeneficial to their patients has a significant relationship to the experience of emotional exhaustion, a main component of burnout.
CAS Simulation on Network Structure Influences Innovation Resource Utilization in Innovation Network

Innovation resource utilization is closely related with the capability of transforming regional innovation resource into innovation income. While the issue of industry cluster innovation network and its performance becomes a hot topic in recent research, we posit that innovation network structure could influence the capability of network's innovation resource utilization and thus enhance performance. First of all, we advance simulation research framework based on complex adaptive system theory. Then we put forward the research hypothesis and establish the adaptive model of innovation network structure influences innovation resource utilization based on above simulation research framework. Finally the simulation study of innovation network structure influences innovation resource utilization has been done on Repast simulation platform, and empirical study also be used for verification. The results show that the changes of the network structure could cause the agents in innovation network choosing different utilization mechanism and by this way to influence innovation resource utilization.
What Supports and Impedes Evidence-Based Practice Implementation? A Survey of Australian Social Workers

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in the British Journal of Social Work following peer review. The version of record Gray, Mel; Joy, Elyssa; Plath, Debbie; Webb, Stephen A. "What supports and impedes evidence-based practice implementation? A survey of Australian social workers” Published in British Journal of Social Work, Vol. 45, Issue 2, Pages 667-684, (2015) is available online at: https://academic.oup. com/bjsw/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/bjsw/bct123.
Pseudorandomness from Shrinkage

One powerful theme in complexity theory and pseudorandomness in the past few decades has been the use lower bounds to give pseudorandom generators (PRGs). However, the general results using this hardness vs. randomness paradigm suffer a quantitative loss in parameters, and hence do not give nontrivial implications for models where we don't know superpolynomial lower bounds but do know lower bounds of a fixed polynomial. We show that when such lower bounds are proved using random restrictions, we can construct PRGs which are essentially best possible without in turn improving the lower bounds. More specifically, say that a circuit family has shrinkage exponent Γ if a random restriction leaving a p fraction of variables unset shrinks the size of any circuit in the family by a factor of pΓ+o(1). Our PRG uses a seed of length s1/(Γ+1)+o(1) to fool circuits in the family of size s. By using this generic construction, we get PRGs with polynomially small error for the following classes of circuits of size s and with the following seed lengths: 1) For de Morgan formulas, seed length s1/3+o(1); 2) For formulas over an arbitrary basis, seed length s1/2+o(1); 3) For read-once de Morgan formulas, seed length s.234. ; 4) For branching programs of size s, seed length s1/2+o(1). The previous best PRGs known for these classes used seeds of length bigger than n/2 to output n bits, and worked only when the size s = O(n) [1].
BIOSILICO: A Biochemical Database Retrieval System

In the post genomic era, the number of completely sequenced genomes is increasing continuously andlarge amount of data are accumulated from various sources. Molecular and comparative analysis ofthe sequenced genomes enables it convenient to identify enzymes and biochemical reactions involvedin the metabolic pathways of organisms. Metabolic pathway is de ned as a linked set of biochemicalreactions which involves di erent substrates, products, activators, inhibitors and enzymes. Analysesof metabolic pathways are important for the elucidation of the characteristics of organisms. We havegathered information involved in the metabolic characteristics from source databases. In this paper,we report an integrated database retrieval system with a querying system and visual representationsystem.