Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TYPE I EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATION OF RADIAL FRACTURES IN MICROCHIROPTERANS

Abstract An adult male big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and an adult female hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) were presented with open transverse middiaphyseal left radial fractures. Initial repair was attempted by intramedullary pinning. When the fractures did not heal, intramedullary pins were removed and type I external skeletal fixators were placed. The fractures healed, and the big brown bat regained normal flight but the hoary bat did not.
Assessing School Health Education Programs

Abstract This review focuses on the component of health education directed at achieving changes in health behavior. Much of the work in this field has centered on health behavior that has a role in preventing future disease. Because the evidence is strongest in relation to coronary heart disease (17), considerable effort has been devoted to this area. Walter et ai. (34) indicated that the most relevant forms of health behavior to be considered in school-based programs on heart disease are those relating to diet, physical activity, and smoking. Programs relating to each of these behaviors are addressed here.
Study on Antimicrobial Poperties of Pyola calliantha Extracts and Application in Strawberry Preservation

To indicate that Pyola calliantha extracts could restrain penicillium and root mildew, etc activities. Pyola calliantha extracts were added in coating solution to freat fresh strawberry. Some indexs were assayed during cold storage. The results suggested that this treatment can sustain the content of soluble solid substance, VC and titratable acid and cut down the weight loss. The microbial growth of treated fruit is inhibited, so the decay of treated strawberry is much less than the control, and shelf life is prolonged.
Combining Collective and Artificial Intelligence: towards a Design Theory for Decision Support in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing represents a powerful approach that seeks to harness the collective knowledge or creativity of a large and independent network of people for organizations. While the approach drastically facilitates the sourcing and aggregating of information, it represents a latent challenge for organizations to process and evaluate the vast amount of crowdsourced contributions – especially when they are submitted in an unstructured, textual format. In this study, we present an on-going design science research project that is concerned with the construction of a design theory for semi-automated information processing and decision support in crowdsourcing. The proposed concept leverages the power of crowdsourcing in combination with text mining and machine learning algorithms to make the evaluation of textual contributions more efficient and effective for decision-makers. Our work aims to provide the theoretical foundation for designing such systems in crowdsourcing. It is intended to contribute to decision support and business analytics research by outlining the capabilities of text mining and machine learning techniques in contexts that face large amounts of user-generated content. For practitioners, we provide a set of generalized design principles and design features for the implementation of these algorithms on crowdsourcing platforms.
Review of the adaptation of skeletal muscle in intermittent claudication

Background: Despite awareness about the impact of intermittent claudication (IC) on mobility, balance and quality of life; the underlying pathophysiology and alterations in muscle architecture secondary to the disease are often overlooked. This review aimed to summarize the pathophysiological muscle changes present secondary to IC. Methods: The electronic databases, Medline, EMBASE, Cinahl and AMED, were searched for studies from 1967 to August 2011. Search terms included exercise, intermittent claudication and muscle. Studies about IC which were focused on muscle histology, muscle architecture, blood flow or changes with exercise were included. Results: Of 434 studies identified, 135 unique results were found. Only 78 of these were suitable from abstract review, of which 15 were unobtainable and a further nine were identified from hand-searching references. Studies in animal models demonstrated a predominance of type II muscle fibres and an improvement in animal exercise tolerance secondary to training. Exercise alone was never able to improve distances to that of healthy controls, however a lower limb fistula along with exercise did. Lower limb blood flow was demonstrated to be affected regionally, and most evident during exercise with a prolonged return to normal in patients with IC. At a cellular level, the myocytes metabolism increased in those with IC, but returned to normal post-revascularization. Conclusion: Treatment for claudicants includes either revascularization or exercise. Successful revascularization has demonstrated a return to normal muscle metabolism; the underlying physiological improvement secondary to exercise still requires clarification.
Policy migration in large agent-based systems

The Cougaar agent architecture provides mechanisms for implementing a scalable, survivable system. Policy is the primary means for coordinating and controlling many of the defensive mechanisms of the Cougaar infrastructure. Policy also provides the primary means by which the system adapts and responds to changing conditions and attacks. We describe the policy mechanism in Cougaar and how it is used in defending the system. We describe several issues in scaling the policy mechanism to large agent societies and how we addressed these issues in Cougaar. We also describe some remaining issues and possible approaches to addressing these.
Risk for Delirium Tremens in Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

To determine the characteristics associated with an increased risk for delirium tremens (DT) we performed a case-control study at the detoxification units of two hospitals. Cases met DSM-IV criteria for DT. For each case (n = 15), 3 controls (n = 45) were chosen. Eligibility criteria were applied equally to cases and controls. Cases were more likely than controls to report a prior complicated withdrawal (DT or alcohol withdrawal seizure) (53 vs. 27%, OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.94–10.55), have a systolic blood pressure greater than 145 mm Hg on admission (60 vs. 27%, OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.21–14.06), and have comorbidity scores of at least 1 (60 vs. 18%, OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.92–25.08). Zero cases (0%) and 15 (33%) controls had no prior complicated withdrawals and no adverse clinical features (systolic blood pressure >145 or comorbidity score >1). Compared to this group, the odds of being a case and having both prior complicated withdrawal and at least 1 adverse clinical feature was 44.8 (95% CI 4.36–460). Elevated blood pressure, prior complicated alcohol withdrawal and medical comorbidity, alone and in combination, are associated with an increased risk of delirium tremens.
No association between D3 dopamine receptor (DRD3) alleles and cocaine dependence

Cocaine is thought to act in the brain primarily by blocking dopamine re‐uptake. The dopamine D3 receptor (genetic locus DRD3) is localized to brain regions that have been implicated in the reinforcing effects of a number of substances of abuse, including cocaine. The DRD3 coding region contains a polymorphism identifiable as a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). This polymorphism leads to an amino acid substitution at position 9 in the extracellular N‐terminus of the D3 dopamine receptor. We examined alleles of the DRD3 gene in cocaine dependence using a genetic association strategy in samples of 62 white and 62 black cocaine‐dependent individuals. Comparisons were made with local (Connecticut) control subjects for both groups, and with a larger sample of literature controls (for the white subjects) and a contrast group of schizophrenic patients (for the black subjects). No association was found between cocaine dependence and DRD3 alleles in either group (Bonferroni corrected). There was a significant difference in allele frequency between whites and blacks. These results are consistent with no role for genetic variation of the D3 dopamine receptor in susceptibility to cocaine dependence.
Assessing the Dental Treatment Needs of Female Patients at the DentalCollege, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Aims: To assess the treatment need among Saudi female patients attending for dental treatment at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh. Methods: The sample included all female patients referred to the Comprehensive Dental Course for treatment by 5th year students at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University during the academic year 2014-2015. Patients were clinically examined and different dental treatment needs was assessed and documented. Results: A total of 264 patients were examined and 81 were referred mostly to post graduate and undergraduate courses the reason for referral was significantly because of either simplicity or difficulty of the case. Almost 76% of the patients needed restorative treatment, 74.5% needed periodontal treatment, and 71% needed endodontic treatment. Seventy percent of the patients needed fixed prosthetic treatment while 52% of the patients needed removable partial dentures; in addition more than half of the patients (57%) needed teeth extraction. Caries was found to be the main reason for extraction, restorative and endodontic treatments. In Fixed prosthodontic treatment need, crowns were found to be more needed than fixed partial dentures however among removable dentures, conventional partial dentures was the most needed. Conclusion: The study revealed a considerable amount of treatment need, and as caries was found to be the main reason for extraction, restorative and endodontic treatments; efforts should be directed towards more dental educational programs. This can be done through community services programs conducted by the dental school, the main target of these services should be improving oral hygiene and implementing preventive measures to reduce dental caries and periodontal disease.
Pretargeted PET Imaging of trans-Cyclooctene-Modified Porous Silicon Nanoparticles

Pretargeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging based on bioorthogonal chemical reactions has proven its potential in immunoimaging. It may also have great potential in nanotheranostic applications. Here, we report the first successful pretargeted PET imaging of trans-cyclooctene-modified mesoporous silicon nanoparticles, using 18F-labeled tetrazine as a tracer. The inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition (IEDDA) reaction was fast, resulting in high radioactivity accumulation in the expected organs within 10 min after the administration of the tracer. The highest target-to-background ratio was achieved 120 min after the tracer injection. A clear correlation between the efficiency of the in vivo IEDDA labeling reaction and the injected amount of the tracer was observed. The radioactivity accumulation decreased with the increased amount of the co-injected carrier, indicating saturation in the reaction sites. This finding was supported by the in vitro results. Our study suggests that pretargeted imaging has excellent potential in nanotheranostic PET imaging when using high-specific-activity tracers.
The Impact of a Ten-Week Physical Exercise Program on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Improving health-related quality of life is a primary target of therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Physical activity has been demonstrated to improve health-related quality of life in several patient populations with chronic disease. There are very few studies investigating the effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of moderate physical activity on health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Thirty patients with mild to moderate IBD (Crohn‘s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) <220 or Rachmilewitz Index (RI) <11) were randomized 1:1 to either supervised moderate-intensity running thrice a week for 10 weeks or a control group who were not prescribed any exercise. Health-related quality of life, symptoms, and inflammation were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks. Results: Participants were 41 ± 14 years (73% female), had a body mass index of 22.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, and an average CDAI or RI of 66.8 ± 42.4 and 3.6 ± 3.1. No adverse events occurred during the 10-week training period. Health-related quality of life, reported as IBDQ total score, improved 19% in the intervention group and 8% in the control group. Scores for the IBDQ social sub-scale were significantly improved in the intervention group compared with controls (ΔIBDQsocial = 6.27 ± 5.46 vs. 1.87 ± 4.76, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Patients suffering from moderately active IBD are capable of performing symptom-free regular endurance exercise. Our data support the assumption that PA is feasible in IBD patients. PA may furthermore improve quality of life through improvements in social well-being, and may, therefore, be a useful adjunct to IBD therapy.
A first high-density map of 981 biallelic markers on human chromosome 14.

As the largest set of sequence variants, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) constitute powerful assets for mapping genes and mutations related to common diseases and for pharmacogenetic studies. A major goal in human genetics is to establish a high-density map of the genome containing several hundred thousand SNPs. Here we assayed 3.7 Mb (154,397 bp in 24 alleles) of chromosome 14 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and sequence-tagged sites, for sequence variation in DNA samples from 12 African individuals. We identified and mapped 480 biallelic markers (459 SNPs and 21 small insertions and deletions), equally distributed between EST and non-EST classes. Extensive research in public databases also yielded 604 chromosome 14 SNPs (dbSNPs), 520 of which could be mapped and 19 of which are common between CNG (i.e., identified at the Centre National de Génotypage) and dbSNP polymorphisms. We present a dense map of SNP variation of human chromosome 14 based on 981 nonredundant biallelic markers present among 1345 radiation hybrid mapped sequence objects. Next, bioinformatic tools allowed 945 significant sequence alignments to chromosome 14 contigs, giving the precise chromosome sequence position for 70% of the mapped sequences and SNPs. In addition, these tools also permitted the identification and mapping of 273 SNPs in 159 known genes. The availability of this SNP map will permit a wide range of genetic studies on a complete chromosome. The recognition of 45 genes with multiple SNPs, by allowing the construction of haplotypes, should facilitate pharmacogenetic studies in the corresponding regions.
The rationale for the daily use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse.

BACKGROUND This article reviews the rationale for incorporating effective antimicrobial mouthrinses into a daily oral hygiene regimen along with mechanical plaque control methods. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The author reviewed studies demonstrating the essential etiologic role of a pathogenic dental plaque biofilm in the development of gingivitis, as well as studies indicating that most people fail to maintain a level of mechanical plaque control sufficient to prevent disease. In addition, he did a brief review of studies of oral microbial ecology that identified the oral mucosal tissues as a reservoir of bacteria that colonize tooth surfaces, and he summarized six-month clinical studies of marketed antimicrobial mouthrinse ingredients and products. CONCLUSIONS There is a twofold rationale for daily use of antimicrobial mouthrinses: first, given the inadequacy of mechanical plaque control by the majority of people, as a component added to oral hygiene regimens for the control and prevention of periodontal diseases; second, as a method of delivering antimicrobial agents to mucosal sites throughout the mouth that harbor pathogenic bacteria capable of recolonizing supragingival and subgingival tooth surfaces, thereby providing a complementary mechanism of plaque control. The efficacy of several mouthrinse ingredients and products is supported by published six-month clinical trials. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The daily use of an effective antiplaque/antigingivitis antimicrobial mouthrinse is well-supported by a scientific rationale and can be a valuable component of oral hygiene regimens.
An Efficient Method for Detecting Obfuscated Suspicious JavaScript Based on Text Pattern Analysis

The malicious JavaScript is a common springboard for attackers to launch several types of network attacks, such as Drive-by-Download and malicious PDF delivery attack. In order to elude detection of signature matching, malicious JavaScript is often packed (so-called "obfuscation") with diversified algorithms therefore the occurrence of obfuscation is always a good pointer for potential maliciousness. In this investigation, we propose a light weight approach for quickly filtering obfuscated JavaScript by a novel method of tokenizing JavaScript text at letter level and information-theoretic measures, based on the previous work in the domain of detecting obfuscated malicious code as well as the pattern analysis of natural languages. The new approach is apparently time efficient compared to existing systems since it processes much less objects while it is also proved to be able to reach the acceptable detection accuracies.
Reliability and comparability of the accelerometer as a measure of muscular power.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using accelerometry as a reliable measure of upper body muscular power and its comparability with other conventional measurement tools. METHODS Thirty men, aged 19 to 25 yr, gave informed written consent before performing a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press on a linear bench press apparatus. Three trials of 60% 1RM were then performed at 1-min intervals and the entire procedure was repeated the following day. Each trial was analyzed for average power (AP), average velocity (AV), and total displacement (TD) by three instruments: a uni-axial piezoresistive accelerometer (ICS Sensors Model 3145, Milpitas, CA) mounted on the Cybex Smith Press (Owatonna, MN) apparatus, a 17-mm video camera that recorded the lift, and an infrared photocell and timer system arranged to analyze a 20-cm segment of the lift. Acceleration data collected at 60 Hz obtained a direct measurement of force and an integrated measure of velocity to calculate muscular power. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated high trial to trial reliability (r = 0.99) for all measurement variables. Film AP was significantly greater (P < or = 0.05) than the accelerometer AP and the photocell AP in the 20-cm segment (356.6 +/- 94.8 W vs 335.5 +/- 97.7 W, and 342.0 +/- 97.2 W, respectively). Also, significant mean differences (P < or = 0.05) between the accelerometer and film measurements existed for AP (246.0 +/- 70.2 W vs 286.1 +/- 83.6 W), AV (44.4 +/- 9.2 cm x s(-1) vs 51.3 +/- 12.3 cm x s(-1)) and TD (43.2 +/- 7.9 cm vs 47.4 +/- 7.4 cm) when examined over the entire lift, but there were significant correlations between the two methods (AP, r = 0.95; AV, r = 0.98; TD, r = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although minor data acquisition errors were present, accelerometers can provide a reliable and versatile means to assess muscle power.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain ABBL099, a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Outbreak Isolate with a Novel Multilocus Sequence Type

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is associated with hospital-acquired infections and can cause persistent outbreaks. Here we report the draft genome sequence of ABBL099, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of A. baumannii belonging to a novel sequence type and representative of clonal isolates cultured from patients at one institution over a 4-year time period.
Residual Stresses Measuring of Electrostatic MEM switches by Piezoelectric Layers

Due to the unique structure and small scale of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), residual stresses during the deposition processes can have a profound affect on the functionality of the MEMS structures. Typically, material properties of thin films used in surface micromachining are not controlled during deposition. The residual stress, for example, tends to vary significantly for different deposition methods. Currently, few techniques are available to measure the residual stress in MEMS devices. In this paper, we introduce a new method to estimate the residual stress by calculating the applied voltage to the piezoelectric layers
Vector-space image model (VSIM) for content-based retrieval

A new method for content-based image retrieval is being presented. This method uses a vector-space model to represent images in a multidimensional space. This model allows the use of multiple attributes in the retrieval process and also identifies the most selective values for each attribute. Therefore by ignoring the less significant values the user can reduce the dimensionality of the feature set and simplify the vector model. It also allows the user to choose any similarity measure depending on the application. The user can also assign weights to the different attributes depending on the retrieval mechanism intended. These characteristics of the retrieval method increase the retrieval efficiency and makes the model very flexible as it can be used universally for retrieving images from different domains.
Reproducibility of quantitative dynamic MRI of normal human tissues

The aim of the study was to establish the normal range and to evaluate the reproducibility of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) parameter estimates in normal human pelvic tissues. Nineteen patients with prostate cancer, undergoing androgen deprivation treatment, had paired DCE‐MRI examinations of the pelvis using spoiled gradient‐echo sequences. Quantitative enhancement parameters were calculated for each examination: transfer constant (Ktrans), leakage space (ve) and maximum contrast medium accumulation (MCMA) of pelvic muscles, bone marrow and fat. Descriptive and reproducibility statistics were calculated: within‐patient standard deviation (wSD), repeatability and within‐patient coefficient of variation (wCV). The femoral head and ischiorectal fat showed large numbers of non‐enhancing pixels (81 and 88%, respectively). The ischial bone marrow had the highest values of kinetic parameter estimates (Ktrans 0.554 min−1, ve 18.5% and MCMA 0.164 mmol/kg). Muscle parameters values were lower (Ktrans 0.126–0.137 min−1, ve 10.6–11.5% and MCMA 0.077–0.086 mmol/kg). The mean difference between paired examinations was not significantly different from zero for any parameter. ve and MCMA had the lowest wCV (between 19 and 29%). For individuals, a log10 Ktrans change of approximately 0.90 in muscles and 0.52 in the ischium would be statistically significant. The corresponding absolute changes for ve are 6.7% in muscle and 13.6% in the ischium. For a group of 19 patients, small changes are statistically significant (muscle log10 Ktrans 0.208 and ve 1.5% and ischium log10 Ktrans 0.123 and ve 3.1%). Fat and the femoral head are unreliable tissues from which to obtain kinetic parameter estimates due to poor enhancement. ve and MCMA have smaller coefficient of variation than Ktrans in muscles and ischium. Reproducibility studies of normal and pathological tissues should be incorporated into clinical research protocols that measure treatment effects by DCE‐MRI techniques. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.