Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Crowdsourced User Preferences for Visual Summarization of Image Collections

In this paper we propose a novel approach to selecting images suitable for inclusion in the visual summaries. The approach is grounded in insights about how people summarize image collections. We utilize the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform to obtain a large number of manually created visual summaries as well as information about criteria for image inclusion in the summary. Based on these large-scale user tests, we propose an automatic image selection approach, which jointly utilizes the analysis of image content, context, popularity, visual aesthetic appeal as well as the sentiment derived from the comments posted on the images. In our approach we do not describe images based on their properties only, but also in the context of semantically related images, which improves robustness and effectively enables propagation of sentiment, aesthetic appeal as well as various inherent attributes associated with a particular group of images. We discuss the phenomenon of a low inter-user agreement, which makes an automatic evaluation of visual summaries a challenging task and propose a solution inspired by the text summarization and machine translation communities. The experiments performed on a collection of geo-referenced Flickr images demonstrate the effectiveness of our image selection approach.
Pattern of Cerebral Palsy among Different Income Groups

The aim of this research was to explore pattern of cerebral palsy among different income groups. This study was a cross-sectional study. 100 samples were taken conveniently and interviewed with pretested structured questionnaire. The socio-economic classification in this study was made according to 2006 Gross National Income (GNI) per capita and using the calculation of World Bank (WB). Pattern of cerebral palsy was diagnosed by physical examination, medical records. The mean age of respondents was 27±7 years. Most of the respondents completed HSC and graduation level education. About 79% was housewife. Mean income of respondents was 14007.44 (±400) Taka per month. About 79% cerebral palsy children were spastic. About 60% and 13% spastic were seen among lower middle income group. Five percent athetoid was found among upper middle income group. More extensive research is needed to find out more precise result.
PASSING MOMENTS

Pedestrian interaction is inherently complex yet observably ordered. For order to be possible, people must behave like competent pedestrians and must expect copresent others to act accordingly. Although many researchers have examined pedestrian behavior, few have considered exactly how pedestrians develop and sustain the expectation that others will indeed behave like competent pedestrians. Using ethnographic data, the author shows how these expectations emerge in the specific practices that comprise pedestrian behavior. Various researchers have attributed pedestrian order to the existence of a tacit contract between users of public space. The author's findings extend the implications of this work by explicating the social and collaborative processes by which users of public space come to trust each other to act like competent pedestrians.
Flutamide andBiomarkers inWomen at HighRisk for Ovarian Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

We hypothesized that (i) preclinical biologic evidence exists for the role of androgens in ovarian cancer development and (ii) flutamide treatment ofwomen at high risk for ovarian cancermay identifymeaningful tissue biomarkers of androgen action and of ovarian cancer initiation.We showed that androgen ablation of malemice led to a 24-fold decrease in tumor burden fromserous ovarian cells. In a phase II study,we studied the effect of preoperative flutamide treatment (125mg/day 6weeks) in 12womenversus 47 controls, 47% with BRCAmutation. We analyzed immunohistochemical scores of candidate proteins CSF-1, CSF-1R, and ErbB4 in the epithelium and stroma of fallopian tube, ovary, and ovarian endosalpingiosis. Flutamide decreased the levels, notably, of CSF-1 and ErbB4 in ovarian stroma (P 0.0006) and ovarian endosalpingiosis (P 0.01), ErbB4 in ovarian epithelium (P1⁄4 0.006), andCSF-1R in ovarian endosalpingiosis (P1⁄4 0.009). Our logistic regression model clearly distinguished the flutamide patients from controls (P 0.0001). Our analysis of the precision of this model of CSF-1 and ErbB4 expression in ovarian stroma achieved 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity (AUC 1⁄4 0.99). Thus, our data suggest that a short 6-week exposure of flutamide reversed elevated levels of CSF-1 and ErbB4 (both of which we had previously found correlated with high risk status). CSF-1 and ErbB4 in ovarian stroma led to a model with high predictive value for flutamide sensitivity. The effect of flutamide on marker expression in ovarian endosalpingiosis, previously associated with BRCA carrier status, suggests that ovarian endosalpingiosis may be a latent precursor to pelvic serous cancers. Cancer Prev Res; 7(9); 896–905. 2014 AACR.
Complexity of large-update interior point algorithm for P ∗ ( κ ) linear complementarity problems

In this paper we propose a new large-update primal–dual interior point algorithm for P∗(κ) linear complementarity problems (LCPs). We extend Bai et al.’s primal–dual interior point algorithm for linear optimization (LO) problems to P∗(κ) LCPs with generalized kernel functions. New search directions and proximity functions are proposed based on a simple kernel function which is neither a logarithmic barrier nor a self-regular. We show that if a strictly feasible starting point is available, then the new largeupdate primal–dual interior point algorithms for solving P∗(κ) LCPs have O((1 + 2κ)n log nμ0 ε ) polynomial complexity which is similar to the polynomial complexity obtained for LO and give a simple complexity analysis. This proximity function has not been used in the complexity analysis of interior point method (IPM) for P∗(κ) LCPs before. c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Disambiguating ninja cursors with eye gaze

Ninja cursors aim to speed up target selection on large or multiple monitors. Several cursors are displayed on the screen with one of them selected as the active cursor. Eye tracking is used to choose the active cursor. An experiment with 13 participants showed that multiple cursors speed up the selection over long distances, but not over short distances. Participants felt the technique was fastest with 4 cursors per monitor, but still preferred to have only 1 cursor per monitor for their own use.
Will Multiple Coreceptors Need To Be Targeted by Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry?

ABSTRACT Despite being able to use the Bonzo coreceptor as efficiently as CCR5 in transfected cells, pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate P6 was unable to replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) lacking the CCR5 receptor. Furthermore, its replication in wild-type PBMC was completely inhibited by inhibitors of CCR5-mediated entry. Similarly, maternal isolate M6 could use CCR5, CXCR4, Bonzo, and other coreceptors in transfected cells but was completely sensitive to inhibitors of CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated entry when grown in PBMC. The ability of these viruses to use coreceptors in addition to CCR5 and CXCR4 in vitro was, therefore, irrelevant to their drug sensitivity in primary cells. We argue that CCR5 and CXCR4 should remain the primary targets for antiviral drug development, pending strong evidence to the contrary.
A Pipeline Japanese Entity Linking System with Embedding Features

Entity linking (EL) is the task of connecting mentions in texts to entities in a large-scale knowledge base such as Wikipedia. In this paper, we present a pipeline system for Japanese EL which consists of two standard components, namely candidate generation and candidate ranking. We investigate several techniques for each component, using a recently developed Japanese EL corpus. For candidate generation, we ﬁnd that a concept dictionary using anchor texts of Wikipedia is more effective than methods based on surface similarity. For candidate ranking, we verify that a set of features used in English EL is effective in Japanese EL as well. In addition, by using a corpus that links Japanese mentions to Japanese Wikipedia entries, we are able to get rich context information from Japanese Wikipedia articles and beneﬁt mention disam-biguation. It was not directly possible with previous EL corpora, which associate mentions to English Wikipedia entities. We take this advantage by exploring several embedding models that encode context information of Wikipedia entities, and show that they improve candidate ranking. As a whole, our sys-tem achieves 82.27% accuracy, signiﬁcantly outperforming previous work.
An Effective Background Subtraction Method Based on Pixel Change Classification

Background subtraction is an effective way which is commonly used in intelligent monitoring system for extraction of moving objects. However, the key step of background subtraction need for a precise and time-varying background model. In this paper, we describe an improved background model with its updating method, and apply to a computer vision-based motion detection system able to detect moving objects in real-time. Our system first establishes an background based on Gaussian model; second computes the set of statistical parameters of background model according to the way pixel changes; and then extracts moving objects using the updated background model. Finally experimental results and a performance measure establishing the confidence of the method are presented.
Automatic FPGA synthesis of memory intensive C-based kernels

Realising high performance image and signal processing applications on modern FPGA presents a challenging implementation problem due to the large data frames streaming through these systems. Specifically, to meet the high bandwidth and data storage demands of these applications, complex hierarchical memory architectures must be manually specified at the Register Transfer Level (RTL). Automated approaches which convert high-level operation descriptions, for instance in the form of C programs, to an FPGA architecture, are unable to automatically realise such architectures. This paper presents a solution to this problem. It presents a compiler to automatically derive such memory architectures from a C program. By transforming the input C program to a unique dataflow modelling dialect, known as Valved Dataflow (VDF), a mapping and synthesis approach developed for this dialect can be exploited to automatically create high performance image and video processing architectures. Memory intensive C kernels for Motion Estimation (CIF Frames at 30 fps), Matrix Multiplication (128×128 @ 500 iter/sec) and Sobel Edge Detection (720p @ 30 fps), which are unrealisable by current state-of-the-art C-based synthesis tools, are automatically derived from a C description of the algorithm.
Design and validation of a next generation sequencing assay for hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, caused by a germline pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes, is characterized by an increased risk for breast, ovarian, pancreatic and other cancers. Identification of those who have a BRCA1/2 mutation is important so that they can take advantage of genetic counseling, screening, and potentially life-saving prevention strategies. We describe the design and analytic validation of the Counsyl Inherited Cancer Screen, a next-generation-sequencing-based test to detect pathogenic variation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We demonstrate that the test is capable of detecting single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), short insertions and deletions (indels), and copy-number variants (CNVs, also known as large rearrangements) with zero errors over a 114-sample validation set consisting of samples from cell lines and deidentified patient samples, including 36 samples with BRCA1/2pathogenic germline mutations.
The Effects of Bilingualism on Infant Language Development : The Acquisition of Sounds and Words

This dissertation reports on the influence of bilingualism on infants’ sound and word acquisition in the first two years of life. It targets the question of whether mono- and bilingual infants follow the same developmental trajectory of language acquisition, it displays similarities and differences between mono- and bilingual infants, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages that are the consequence of receiving bilingual language input. Previous debate has focused on whether bilingual infants are delayed in their sound and word learning. Some studies present a (temporary) lag in bilingual sound (i.e., Bosch & Sebastian-Galles, 2003a) and word (i.e., Volterra & Taeschner, 1978) acquisition. However, other studies report no evident delay in bilingual sound (i.e., Sundara & Scutellaro, 2011) and vocabulary (Pearson et al., 1993) development. In the current dissertation, mono- and bilingual infants from 5 to 18 months were tested on their perception of consonants, vowels and tone contrasts, and their associative word learning ability. Parents filled in a questionnaire on the vocabulary of their children, and another questionnaire on the degree of exposure to each language if their children were exposed to more than one language. In the sound perception experiments, no evident/clear delay was observed between mono- and bilingual infants. For consonants, an early unstable perception pattern was observed in bilingual infants in the first year of life, leaving space for future research. Moreover, bilingual infants displayed more sensitivity than monolinguals in their perception of native vowels and non-native tones. In word acquisition, bilingual infants kept the same pace as monolinguals in their associative word learning performance, as well as total conceptual receptive and expressive vocabulary size. In the study of parental report of their bilingual infants, it was found that parents’ intuition of their infants’ degree of exposure of each language counts in not only the languages directly spoken to them, but also the linguistic input from the ambient environment. Two hypotheses were formed based on the current findings as well as on those in the previous literature. The first hypothesis, heightened acoustic sensitivity hypothesis, states that bilingual infants are more sensitive to the acoustic details in the input than are monolinguals. Heightened acoustic sensitivity brings bilingual infants advantages and disadvantages along the language developmental trajectory. On the one hand, heightened acoustic sensitivity may facilitate contrast detection. On the other hand, it may lead to a prolonged category formation process. The second hypothesis, the minimum threshold hypothesis, assumes a minimum input requirement (either absolute or relative based on frequency) for infants to acquire native sounds and words. Future research on infant bilingualism should study the relationship between language exposure and acquisition patterns.
Mechanism and regulation of DNA end resection in eukaryotes

Abstract The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by nucleolytic degradation of the 5′-terminated strands in a process termed end resection. End resection generates 3′-single-stranded DNA tails, substrates for Rad51 to catalyze homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange, and for activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. The commonly accepted view is that end resection occurs by a two-step mechanism. In the first step, Sae2/CtIP activates the Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2/Nbs1 (MRX/N) complex to endonucleolytically cleave the 5′-terminated DNA strands close to break ends, and in the second step Exo1 and/or Dna2 nucleases extend the resected tracts to produce long 3′-ssDNA-tailed intermediates. Initiation of resection commits a cell to repair a DSB by HR because long ssDNA overhangs are poor substrates for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Thus, the initiation of end resection has emerged as a critical control point for repair pathway choice. Here, I review recent studies on the mechanism of end resection and how this process is regulated to ensure the most appropriate repair outcome.
Breaking the speed of the sound of loneliness: Sexual partner change and the fear of intimacy

Following a thematic analysis of responses, a qualitative study of sexuality and alcohol use was undertaken in three bars/clubs in Oslo. Interviews with two persons (one male, one female) with high rates of sexual partner change were selected for detailed interpretative and contextual analysis, the aim being to examine the underlying motives for this mode of action. The principal motivations underpinning the man's behaviour linked to sex drive, impulsivity, and opportunity. He expressed cynicism, distance, loneliness and an element of narcissism. The woman's sexual activity on the other hand was motivated by intoxication, chance, the desire to offer care, arousal, and love. The data suggest that much more than sexual pleasure is being sought in the kinds of encounters described. A basic motive underpinning this behaviour appears to be a fear of intimacy mixed with the search for a sense of self-worth.
The Effect of Psychological Intervention on Patients' Long‐Term Adjustment to the ICD: A Prospective Study

This study prospectively examined the role of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in (1) alleviating psychological and somatic distress, and (2) lowering arrhythmic events requiring shocks. Forty‐nine of 61 consecutive patients were randomized into therapy (CBT, n = 25) or no therapy (NT. n = 24) and completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires at baseline and at 9‐month follow‐up. CBT was administered at preimplant, predischarge, and at seven routine follow‐up visits. Patients were 65 ± 10 years old. 65% were men, and 92% Caucasian. Eighteen (72%) CBT patients and 18 (75%) NT patients were retained at follow‐up. Compared to CBT patients, NT patients reported higher levels of depression (P = 0.046), more anxiety (P = 0.013), more psychological distress (P = 0.015), poorer overall adjustment (P = 0.009), and poorer sexual functioning (P = 0.003). Mean number of shocks did not differ between the CBT and NT groups (2.85 vs 2.30. respectively); however, more patients in the CBT group (61%) than the NT group (33%) received shocks (P = 0.070). At follow‐up, a subgroup analysis revealed that the significant differences observed between the CBT and NT groups were attributable to the patients who received shocks in both groups. In conclusion, CBT was associated with decreased depression, decreased anxiety, and increased adjustment for ICD recipients, particularly among those patients receiving shocks. CBT can be administered effectively at routine follow‐up visits or transtelephonically with little added inconvenience to the ICD recipient.
Optimality of Greedy Algorithm for Generating Just-Noticeable Difference Surfaces

Tuning multimedia applications at run time to achieve high perceptual quality entails the search of nonlinear mappings that determine how control inputs should be set in order to lead to high user-perceived quality. Offline subjective tests are often used for this purpose but they are expensive to conduct because each can only evaluate one mapping at a time and there can be infinitely many such mappings to be evaluated. In this paper, we present a greedy algorithm that uses a small number of subjective test results to accurately approximate this space of mappings. Based on an axiom on monotonicity and the property of just-noticeable differences, we prove its optimality in minimizing the average absolute error between the approximate and the original mappings. We further demonstrate the results using numerical simulations and the application of the mappings found to tune the control of the multimedia game BZFlag.
Daistish: systematic algebraic testing for OO programs in the presence of side-effects

Daistish is a tool that performs systematic algebraic testing similar to Gannon's DAISTS tool [2]. However, Daistish creates effective test drivers for programs in languages that use side effects to implement ADTs; this includes C++ and most other object-oriented languages. The functional approach of DAISTS does not apply directly in these cases. The approach in our work is most similar to the ASTOOT system of Doong and Frankl [1]; Daistish differs from ASTOOT by using Guttag-style algebraic specs (functional notation), by allowing aliasing of type names to tailor the application of parameters in test cases, and by retaining the abilities of DAISTS to compose new test points from existing ones. Daistish is a Perl script, and is compact and practical to apply. We describe the implementation and our experiments in both Eiffel and C++. Our work has concentrated on solving the semantics-specific issues of correctly duplicating objects for comparison; we have not worked on methods for selecting specific test cases.Daistish consists of a perl script and supporting documentation. The current distribution can be obtained via WWW at URLhttp://www.cs. unc.edu/~stotts/Daistish/
Swarm robotics and minimalism

Swarm Robotics (SR) is closely related to Swarm Intelligence, and both were initially inspired by studies of social insects. Their guiding principles are based on their biological inspiration and take the form of an emphasis on decentralized local control and communication. Earlier studies went a step further in emphasizing the use of simple reactive robots that only communicate indirectly through the environment. More recently SR studies have moved beyond these constraints to explore the use of non-reactive robots that communicate directly, and that can learn and represent their environment. There is no clear agreement in the literature about how far such extensions of the original principles could go. Should there be any limitations on the individual abilities of the robots used in SR studies? Should knowledge of the capabilities of social insects lead to constraints on the capabilities of individual robots in SR studies? There is a lack of explicit discussion of such questions, and researchers have adopted a variety of constraints for a variety of reasons. A simple taxonomy of swarm robotics is presented here with the aim of addressing and clarifying these questions. The taxonomy distinguishes subareas of SR based on the emphases and justifications for minimalism and individual simplicity.
Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology

These imaginative thought experiments are the inventions of one of the world's eminent brain researchers. They are "vehicles," a series of hypothetical, self-operating machines that exhibit increasingly intricate if not always successful or civilized "behavior. " Each of the vehicles in the series incorporates the essential features of all the earlier models and along the way they come to embody aggression, love, logic, manifestations of foresight, concept formation, creative thinking, personality, and free will. In a section of extensive biological notes, Braitenberg locates many elements of his fantasy in current brain research.