Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Monolingual Data for Crosslingual Compositional Word Representations

In this work, we present a novel neural network based architecture for inducing compositional crosslingual word representations. Unlike previously proposed methods, our method fulfills the following three criteria; it constrains the word-level representations to be compositional, it is capable of leveraging both bilingual and monolingual data, and it is scalable to large vocabularies and large quantities of data. The key component of our approach is what we refer to as a monolingual inclusion criterion, that exploits the observation that phrases are more closely semantically related to their sub-phrases than to other randomly sampled phrases. We evaluate our method on a well-established crosslingual document classification task and achieve results that are either comparable, or greatly improve upon previous state-of-the-art methods. Concretely, our method reaches a level of 92.7% and 84.4% accuracy for the English to German and German to English sub-tasks respectively. The former advances the state of the art by 0.9% points of accuracy, the latter is an absolute improvement upon the previous state of the art by 7.7% points of accuracy and an improvement of 33.0% in error reduction.
A Measure of Physician Mental Work Load in Internal Medicine Ambulatory Care Clinics

Physician mental work load is an important variable intervening between work demands imposed on physicians and physician performance. A brief instrument was developed to measure the mental work load experienced during a clinic session in internal medicine ambulatory care hospital clinics. The instrument covered six dimensions of mental work load: performance, time load, mental effort, physical effort, psychologic stress, and difficulty. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.83. The instrument exhibited construct validity. As hypothesized, mental work load was found to be positively associated with number of patients seen and with fatigue, and mental work load was inversely associated with physician satisfaction with the patient care they provided and with their self–rating of the quality of care they provided. The importance of measuring physician mental work load is discussed.
Organic Anion Transporter 3 Mediates the Efflux Transport of an Amphipathic Organic Anion, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice

The present study investigated the efflux transport systems of organic anions across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as a probe. The elimination of DHEAS from the brain after microinjection into the cerebral cortex was characterized in wild-type mice and mice with deficiency of well characterized organic anion transporters, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4)/Slco1a4 and organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3)/Slc22a8, at the BBB. The saturable efflux of DHEAS from the brain was completely inhibited by probenecid, benzylpenicillin, and estrone-3-sulfate and moderately inhibited by taurocholate and p-aminohippurate (50–57%). Uptake of DHEAS and estrone-3-sulfate was greater in murine Oat3 cRNA-injected oocytes than that in water-injected oocytes. Efflux of these compounds from the brain was significantly delayed in Oat3(−/−) mice compared with that in wild-type mice, indicating that indeed Oat3 is functionally important in vivo. Furthermore, probenecid and taurocholate inhibited DHEAS efflux completely in Oat3(−/−) mice. Contrary to the past report in rats that suggested involvement of Oatp1a4, specific uptake of DHEAS and estrone-3-sulfate by murine Oatp1a4 was not detected in vitro, and efflux of both compounds from the brain was not altered in Oatp1a4(−/−) mice. There was no significant difference in the uptake of DHEAS by brain slices prepared from wild-type, Oatp1a4(−/−), and Oat3(−/−) mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Oat3 plays a significant role in the efflux of steroid conjugates across the BBB in mice and that the BBB also expresses other unknown organic anion transporters for the efflux of DHEAS. Transport mechanisms of organic anions at the BBB are far more diverse than they were assumed to be.
Variation in neural V1aR predicts sexual fidelity and space use among male prairie voles in semi-natural settings

Although prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are socially monogamous, males vary in both sexual and spatial fidelity. Most males form pairbonds, cohabit with one female, and defend territories. Wandering males, in contrast, have expansive home ranges that overlap many males and females. In the laboratory, pairing is regulated by arginine vasopressin and its predominant CNS receptor, vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR). We investigated individual differences in forebrain V1aR expression of male prairie voles in mixed-sex seminatural enclosures. Individual differences in V1aR were compared with space use measured by radio telemetry and paternity determined with microsatellite markers. Animals engaging in extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs) as either wanderers or paired residents overlapped significantly more in same- and opposite-sex home ranges. Surprisingly, neither social fidelity measured by space use nor sexual fidelity measured by paternity was associated with V1aR expression in the ventral pallidum (VPall) or lateral septum, areas causally related to pairbond formation. In contrast, V1aR expression in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex (PCing) and laterodorsal thalamus (LDThal), areas implicated in spatial memory, strongly covaried with space use and paternity. Animals engaging in EPFs either as wanderers or paired residents exhibited low levels of LDThal and PCing V1aR expression. Individual differences in brain and behavior parallel differences between prairie voles and promiscuous congeners. The concordance among space use, paternity, and V1aR in spatial circuits suggests a common link between the mechanisms of spatial behaviors and success at EPF. The combined data demonstrate how organismal biology can inform our understanding of individual and species differences in behavioral mechanisms.
Development of Domains and Keyphrases along Years

This paper presents a methodology (including a detailed algorithm, various development concepts and measures, and stopword lists) for measuring the development of domains and keyphrases along years. The examined corpus contains 1020 articles that were accepted for full presentation in PACLIC along the last 18 years. The experimental results for 5 chosen domains (digital humanities, language resources, machine translation, sentiment analysis and opinion mining, and social media) suggest that development trends of domains and keyphrases can be efficiently measured. Top bigrams and trigrams were found as efficient to identify general trends in NLP domains.
A Comparison of the Self-Efficacy-Performance Relationship Between Continuous and Noncontinuous Sport Conditions

Although studies have shown that the self-efficacy–performance relationship can be studied within performances (LaForge & Sullivan, 2010), no studies have directly compared noncontinuous (i.e., between performances) and continuous (i.e., within performances) conditions. The present study examined the efficacy–performance relationship within a continuous task and between a noncontinuous sport conditions. Path analyses revealed reciprocal efficacy–performance relationships in both the continuous and noncontinuous conditions, with higher goodness of fit indicators in the noncontinuous condition and a higher number of significant pathways in the continuous condition. These results imply potential differences in the cognitive processing of efficacy information between and within sport performances.
Does vestibular stimulation activate thalamocortical mechanisms that reintegrate impaired cortical regions?

Caloric stimulation induced a transient reversal of multimodal hemispatial cognitive deficits in an 81–year–old woman with an acute left cerebral hemisphere stroke. The patient had unawareness of her right hand (asomatognosia), right–sided visual unawareness (hemineglect), aphasia and right–sided weakness (hemiplegia) prior to the stimulation. Transient improvements in impaired sensory, motor, linguistic and cognitive function developed within 30 s following application of the caloric stimulus and onset of horizontal nystagmus. The effect persisted for 3 min and ceased completely after 5 min. While several recent reports have described the capacity of caloric stimulation to transiently improve or reverse a wide range of attentional, cognitive and motor impairments, most examples are in right–hemisphere–damaged patients with long–standing brain injury. Typically, patients have been tested several months or years after the onset of the deficit. A possible mechanism for the temporary reintegration of multiple cognitive functions in this patient is discussed.
Mining of Sensor Data in Healthcare: A Survey

Historically, healthcare has been mainly provided in a reactive manner that limits its usefulness. With progress in sensor technologies, the instrumentation of the world has offered unique opportunities to better observe patients physiological signals in order to provide healthcare in a more proactive manner. To reach this goal, it is essential to be able to analyze patient data and turn it into actionable information using data mining. This chapter surveys existing applications of sensor data mining technologies in healthcare. It starts with a description of healthcare data mining challenges before presenting an overview of applications of data mining in both clinical and non clinical settings.
Classifying Multimedia Resources Using Social Relationships

The complexity of managing multimedia data within extensive social networks is constantly increasing. In particular, the mass of shared user generated content and strong multimedia diversity lead to a vast amount of heterogeneous and unstructured information. To preserve accuracy, availability, and personalization of content provided to users, we introduce a framework realizing content classification and management based on metadata such as social relationships. The framework enables the easy development of multimedia authoring systems focused on flexible multimedia creation, distributed user collaboration, and convenient content retrieval. Finally, we describe "online community life (OCL)", a ubiquitous blogging portal for the distribution of multimedia content along virtual communities
Sub-milliarcsecond precision spectro-astrometry of Be stars

Context. The origin of the disks around Be stars is still not known. Further progress requires a proper parametrization of their structure, both spatially and kinematically. This is challenging as the disks are very small. Aims. Here we assess whether a novel method is capable of providing these data. Methods. We obtained spectro-astrometry around the Pa β line of two bright Be stars, α Col and ζ Tau, to search for disk signatures. The data, with a pixel-to-pixel precision of the centroid position of 0.3. 0.4 milliarcsecond is the most accurate such data to date. Artefacts at the 0.85 mas level are present in the data, but these are readily identified as they were non-repeatable in our redundant datasets. This does illustrate the need of taking multiple data to avoid spurious detections. Results. The data are compared with model simulations of the spectro-astrometric signatures due to rotating disks around Be stars. The upper limits we find for the disk radii correspond to disk sizes of a few dozen stellar radii if they rotate Keplerian. This is very close to observationally measured and theoretically expected disk sizes, and this paper therefore demonstrates that spectro-astrometry, of which we present the first such attempt, has the potential to resolve the disks around Be stars.
Rubrics as a way of providing transparency in assessment

This paper reports on a study where rubrics have been used to convey assessment expectations to students (n = 176) in three different assessment situations in professional education. These situations are: (1) the development of a survey instrument, which was part of a course in statistics and epidemiology; (2) an inspection of a house, which was part of a course about the functions of buildings for real estate brokers and (3) a workshop in communication with patients, which was part of a course in the evaluation of diagnostic procedures and treatments of oral infections in dental education. In all situations, students’ perceptions and uses of the rubrics were investigated. Findings suggest that it is indeed possible to convey expectations to students through the use of rubrics, in the sense that students not only appreciate the efforts to make assessment criteria transparent, but may also use the criteria in order to support and self-assess their performance. Important features of the rubrics, which were found to facilitate students’ understanding and use of the criteria in these situations, are presented and discussed.
Piecewise-Linear Pattern Generator and Reflex System for Humanoid Robots

Reflexes have been viewed as integrated motions with the centrally generated motors commands to produce adaptive movement. In this paper, a walking pattern generator for humanoid robots based on piecewise linear functions and inspired by passive walking is considered. To deal with lateral and frontal disturbances, sensory feedback is realized based on the inverse pendulum model. The reflex system that highly adapts and controls the movement of the humanoid robot, when a large disturbance occurs, is combined with the motion pattern generator and proposed in a unified form with regards to three types of sudden events. Experiments using Fujitsu's humanoid robot HOAP-3 demonstrate that a reflex movement is successfully integrated with the rhythmic motion when there are sudden changes in floor level, when obstacles suddenly appear, and in the presence of a large disturbance. The proposed reflex system therefore contributes toward the safe interaction of humanoid robots with the environment.
Psychological Aspects of Cyberspace: Online Motivational Factors: Incentives for Participation and Contribution in Wikipedia

Cyberspace has introduced new and intriguing means for knowledge sharing as well as new structures of mediated knowledge-building communities. Considering the various forms of online communities, it should be difficult to overstate the significance of Wikipedia as a landmark in building communal knowledge repositories. Wikipedia is an online collaboratively written encyclopedia. It has unique aspects of users’ involvement in the production of content and its function as a community. In less than five years of existence, Wikipedia has acquired both avid advocates and ardent adversaries. Although there have been some public and academic debates about the quality of its content, as the rapid growth of its articles and numbers of active users (Wikipedians) continues, most people agree that at least the English version of Wikipedia is approaching critical mass where substantial content disasters should become rare. Wikipedia’s existence and success rely on users’ inputs. Our chapter focuses on Wikipedians’ incentives for contributing to Wikipedia. The popular observation is that Wikipedia only works in practice. In theory, it can never work. How does Wikipedia mobilize the levels of participation that make it “work in practice”? Wikipedia’s growth, from the time of its foundation in 2001, has been impressive in all conceivable dimensions. Expansion metrics have accelerated in terms of volume, numbers of articles, visitors, and percentage of contributors. There are, by the time of this writing, 250 language editions of Wikipedia. The English-language version is the largest. It contains more than two million articles. The German-language version has more than half a million articles and the French, Polish, Japanese, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish, Spanish, Russian, and Chinese versions each boast over 100,000 articles.
Patterns Of Segmentation And Intersection In The Computing World

Differentiation of the computing world is discussed in terms of the major lines of segmentation and cleavage which generate sub-worlds within the larger computing world context. The relationship of one particular pattern of cleavages—the production system—is described vis-vis other lines of cleavage and segmentation. Patterns of intersection among sub-worlds generated by these lines of cleavage are also discussed, and the implications of these intersections for the organization of the production system are described. Patterns of intersection are conceptualized as systems of interlocked negotiating contexts, whose attributes shape the outcomes of computing work.
Efficient programmable learning to search

We improve "learning to search" approaches to structured prediction in two ways. First, we show that the search space can be defined by an arbitrary imperative program, reducing the number of lines of code required to develop new structured prediction tasks by orders of magnitude. Second, we make structured prediction orders of magnitude faster through various algorithmic improvements. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach on three structured prediction tasks: two variants of sequence labeling and entity-relation resolution. In all cases we obtain accuracies at least as high as alternative approaches, at drastically reduced execution and programming time.
Money: What it means to children and adults

The findings of three studies on money perceptions by Chinese subjects were reported. In Study 1, 378 kindergarten children (age five and six) were asked to give free associations to 86 Chinese words. The work money elicited a large number of associations (ranked ninth in five-year-olds and 21st in six year-olds), indicating that money was not an unfamiliar or uninteresting concept to children of very young age. Analysis also showed that the associations of money were primarily non-evaluative and functional in nature. In Study 2, 71 school teachers, 58 business people, and 338 high school students were asked to rate what money meant to them. Results showed that school teachers tended to perceive money as less good and honest than business people did. The student group was found to give lower goodness and power ratings than the two professional goups and lower honesty and interest ratings than the business group. The results thus showed that perceptions of money were very much related to one's social role, In Study 3, the relation of money attitudes and value orientation was examined in a sample of 1463 university students. Results showed that those who were high on preference for enjoyment, security, and achievement values, rated money more important than those low on these values. On the other hand, individuals who were high on the prosocial and maturity values rated money less important than those low on these values. The results thus indicated that the knowledge of people's value orientation would help to add to the understanding of their money perceptions.
Impact of post-stroke fatigue on self-efficacy and functional ability

Abstract Introduction: Fatigue is a multidimensional construct that seems relatively common after stroke. Examination of its characteristics and relationship with other factors such as functional ability and self-efficacy may assist the development of future intervention strategies. Methods: Participants with stroke were recruited from community stroke groups. The presence or absence of fatigue was measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Demographic details, functional ability (Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale, NEADL) and self-efficacy (Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire, SSEQ) scores in the Fatigue and No Fatigue groups were compared. The complexity of post-stroke fatigue (PSF) was also evaluated by examination of the five individual dimensions of the MFI. Results: Fifty-five chronic stroke (> 1 year post-stroke) survivors participated in this study. Prevalence of PSF was 49.1%. No relationship was found between the presence of fatigue and socio-demographic details. Fatigue was negatively correlated with NEADL (r = −0.32; p = 0.016) and SSEQ scores (r = −0.43; p = 0.001). Physical Fatigue was the most common type of PSF (69.6%) closely followed by Activity-related Fatigue (67.9%) and Mental Fatigue (62%). Conclusion: A relationship exists between PSF, self-efficacy and functional ability. The prevalence of both Physical and Mental Fatigue reflects the multidimensional nature of PSF. Future research should address the implementation of self-efficacy-based interventions to reduce fatigue.
Scenario-based design space exploration of MPSoCs

Early design space exploration (DSE) is a key ingredient in system-level design of MPSoC-based embedded systems. The state of the art in this field typically still explores systems under a single, fixed application workload. In reality, however, the applications are concurrently executing and contending for system resources in such systems. As a result, the intensity and nature of application demands can change dramatically over time. This paper therefore introduces the concept of workload scenarios in the DSE process, capturing dynamic behavior both within and between applications. More specifically, we present and evaluate a novel, scenario-based DSE approach based on a coevolutionary genetic algorithm.
A Comparative Analysis of Linked Data Tools to Support Architectural Knowledge

Architectural Knowledge (AK) has been an integral part of Software Architecture specification since its original inception, but it has not been explicitly managed until recently. It can be described as a computational structure composed of design decisions and rationales. Recent research emphasizes that availability must be complemented by an effective use of this information. We propose the use of Linked Data techniques to define and manage AK, thus achieving flexible storage and scalable search. Our approach suggests storing the network of decisions in RDF format to be retrieved efficiently by means of SPARQL queries. As a side effect, many different AK structures can be described in this way, which then becomes a general format to describe AK. Using this approach, this work analyses some significant features regarding AK of several Linked Data tools, in order to determine which ones are the best/worst for sharing and reusing AK as Linked Data.
Region based undetectable multiple image watermarking

Today detectability of Intellectual Property in the digital world is a major issue. And a watermarking is one of them process to secure intellectual rights of digital assets. In our paper we propose a method to insert multiple watermark in spatial and frequency domain to make our assets secure and undetectable by dividing our host image into two regions, called region-A and region-B. In a region-A, an owner information is inserted with the help of LSB technique and in another, region-B, a circular watermarks are inserted with additive watermarking technique in DWT-DFT domain.
The Politics and Economics of Fiscal Gimmickry in Europe

This paper examines empirically how transparency of the budget process affects fiscal rules and incentives for fiscal gimmickry or creative accounting in the European Union. Using stock-flow adjustment data for EU countries from 1990-2007, we show that pressure from a deficit limit rule like the Stability and Growth Pact creates incentives for fiscal gimmicks, as does political pressure from the electoral cycle and economic pressure from negative shocks in the business cycle. However, we show that where institutional transparency is higher, these incentives are damped and largely disappear. We infer that fiscal rules do not work well when institutional transparency is low.