Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increases in cAMP, MAPK Activity, and CREB Phosphorylation during REM Sleep: Implications for REM Sleep and Memory Consolidation

The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcriptional pathway is required for consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. In mice, this pathway undergoes a circadian oscillation required for memory persistence that reaches a peak during the daytime. Because mice exhibit polyphasic sleep patterns during the day, this suggested the interesting possibility that cAMP, MAPK activity, and CREB phosphorylation may be elevated during sleep. Here, we report that cAMP, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, and phospho-CREB are higher in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with awake mice but are not elevated in non-REM sleep. This peak of activity during REM sleep does not occur in mice lacking calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases, a mouse strain that learns but cannot consolidate hippocampus-dependent memory. We conclude that a preferential increase in cAMP, MAPK activity, and CREB phosphorylation during REM sleep may contribute to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation.
The Value of Voting Rights to Majority Shareholders: Evidence from Dual Class Stock Unifications

We study 84 dual-class stock unifications, where superior vote shareholders gave up their superior voting status (all firm stocks became "one share one vote") and received (in most cases) compensation in the form of additional shares. Unifications are essentially intrafirm transactions of voting rights, and afford observation of the intrafirm-assessed price of vote. The price of vote in unifications (1) increases with the percentage vote lost by the majority shareholders, (2) is higher in family-controlled firms, (3) decreases with institutional investor holdings, and (4) is similar to the "outside" price of vote implicit in the market prices of stocks. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
A new image thresholding method based on isoperimetric ratios

This paper presents a new thresholding method based on isoperimetric theory for image segmentation. The proposed method uses isoperimetric ratio as a criterion in selecting optimal segmenting threshold, that is, segmenting image with the gray value of minimal isoperimetric ratio as optimal threshold. Experiments show that this method outperforms normalized cut thresholding method in terms of segmentation quality, speed and noise immunity.
Generalized Multi-View Embedding for Visual Recognition and Cross-Modal Retrieval

In this paper, the problem of multi-view embedding from different visual cues and modalities is considered. We propose a unified solution for subspace learning methods using the Rayleigh quotient, which is extensible for multiple views, supervised learning, and nonlinear embeddings. Numerous methods including canonical correlation analysis, partial least square regression, and linear discriminant analysis are studied using specific intrinsic and penalty graphs within the same framework. Nonlinear extensions based on kernels and (deep) neural networks are derived, achieving better performance than the linear ones. Moreover, a novel multi-view modular discriminant analysis is proposed by taking the view difference into consideration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-view embedding methods on visual object recognition and cross-modal image retrieval, and obtain superior results in both applications compared to related methods.
Intrusive projection methods with upwinding for uncertain nonlinear hyperbolic systems

This paper deals with stochastic spectral methods for uncertainty propagation and quantiﬁcation in nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. We consider problems with parametric uncertainty in initial conditions and model coeﬃcients, whose solutions exhibit discontinuities in physical as well as in stochastic spaces. The stochastic spectral method relies on multi-resolution schemes where the stochastic space is discretized using tensor-product stochastic elements supporting local polynomial bases. A Galerkin projection is used to derive a system of deterministic equations for the stochastic modes of the solution. Hyperbolicity of the resulting Galerkin system is analyzed. A ﬁnite volume scheme with a Roe-type solver is used for discretization in physical space and time. An original technique is introduced for the fast evaluation of approximate upwind matrices, which is particularly well adapted to local polynomial bases. Eﬃciency and robustness of the overall method are assessed on the Burgers and Euler equations with shocks.
Template Extraction from Heterogeneous Web Pages

The World Wide Web (WWW) is getting a lot of attention as it is becoming huge repository of information. A web page gets deployed on website by its web template system. Those templates can be used by any individual or organization to set up their website. Also the templates provide its readers the ease of access to the contents guided by consistent structures. Hence the template detection techniques are emerging as Web Templates are becoming more and more important. Earlier systems consider all documents are guaranteed to conform to a common template and hence template extraction is done with those assumptions. However it is not feasible in real application. Our focus is on extracting templates from heterogeneous web pages. But due to large variety of web documents, there is a need to manage unknown number of templates. This can be achieved by clustering web documents by selecting a good partition method. The correctness of extracted templates depending on quality of clustering.
The Impact of Attitudes toward Science and Core Self-Evaluation on Science Achievement and Career Outcomes: A Trajectory-Based Approach

A talented, innovative workforce in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a critical component of sustained economic growth and global competitiveness. The development of this workforce is a primary concern among policymakers, industry leaders, and academics. Although many students express an interest in STEM in secondary school, many of them eventually choose not to pursue a degree or career in a STEM field. This trend has been linked to inadequate achievement, but also to lack of confidence, inconsistent interest, and shifting motivation. It is important that we understand the development of precollege socialcognitive factors affecting persistence to help identify whether some trajectories might have more desirable outcomes than others, and points at which intervention efforts might best be targeted. Growth mixture modeling was used in the current study to uncover unobserved developmental subgroups of students’ attitudes toward science and positive core self-concept through their middle and high school years. Three distinct subgroups of change patterns were found for each of mastery motivation, attitudes toward science utility, and science self-concept. Science Self-Concept subgroups demonstrated significant and reasonably distinct associations with relevant science achievement, postsecondary, and career outcomes, where the results for Mastery Motivation and Science Utility subgroups were mixed. Science Utility and Science SelfConcept subgroups of developmental trajectories both exhibited plausible and appropriate associations with parent and demographic factors as well as initial student, parent, and teacher expectations about college and career. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Education First Advisor Paul A. McDermott Subject Categories Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Educational Psychology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/2212 THE IMPACT OF ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND CORE SELF-EVALUATION ON SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND CAREER OUTCOMES: A TRAJECTORY-BASED APPROACH Jessica Lena Chao A DISSERTATION in Education Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation ___________________________________ Paul A. McDermott, Professor of Education Graduate Group Chairperson ___________________________________ J. Matthew Hartley, Professor of Education Dissertation Committee Paul A. McDermott, Professor of Education Robert F. Boruch, Professor of Education Michael J. Rovine, Senior Fellow THE IMPACT OF ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND CORE SELF-EVALUATION ON SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND CAREER OUTCOMES: A TRAJECTORY-BASED APPROACH
Third-generation cephalosporin resistance of community-onset Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in a secondary hospital

Background/Aims To enable appropriate antimicrobial treatment for community-onset infections in emergency departments (EDs), data are needed on the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are the main pathogens of community-onset bacteremia. Methods Records were reviewed of 734 patients with E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia who visited the Daegu Fatima Hospital ED, Daegu, Korea between 2003 and 2009. We investigated the demographic data, clinical findings, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the organisms. Results Of 1,208 cases of community-onset bacteremia, 62.8% were caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae in an ED of a secondary care hospital. Five hundred and forty-eight cases of E. coli (75%) and 183 cases of K. pneumoniae (25%) were analyzed. Urinary tract infection (43.1%) was most common, followed by intra-abdominal infection (39%) and pneumonia (7.2%). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) and amikacin resistance rates among E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 22.8%, 19.6%, 6.2%, and 1.3%, respectively. In 2009, the rate of 3GC resistance (10.6%) was significantly higher, compared to the annual averages of 2003 to 2008 (6.1%; p = 0.03). Previous exposure to antibiotics was an independent risk factor for 3GC resistance in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The rate of 3GC resistance increased in community-onset infections, and previous exposure to antibiotics was an independent risk factor. Despite the increased 3GC resistance in community-onset infections, an amikacin combination therapy could provide an option for treatment of bacteremic patients with previous antibiotic exposure in an ED.
Stability of endogenous and added RNA in blood specimens, serum, and plasma.

BACKGROUND Circulating RNA in plasma/serum is an emerging field for noninvasive molecular diagnosis. Because RNA is widely thought to be labile in the circulation, we investigated the stability and various preanalytical factors that may affect RNA concentrations in blood specimens. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 65 healthy volunteers. The effects of two preanalytical variables were studied: (a) time delay in processing of EDTA blood and clotted blood after venesection, and (b) freezing and thawing of plasma and serum. The lability of free added RNA in plasma was also investigated. Plasma/serum RNA was measured by a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, whereas DNA was measured by a real-time quantitative PCR assay for the beta-globin gene. RESULTS No significant difference was found for plasma RNA concentrations obtained from uncentrifuged EDTA blood that had been left at 4 degrees C for 0, 6, and 24 h (P =0.182). On the other hand, the serum RNA concentrations increased significantly over 24 h when uncentrifuged clotted blood was stored at 4 degrees C (P <0.05). In comparison, >99% of the free added RNA could no longer be amplified after incubation in plasma for 15 s. Never-frozen plasma, freeze-thawed plasma, and thawed plasma left at room temperature for 1 h showed no significant differences in RNA concentration (P =0.465). No significant difference was observed for freeze-thawed serum (P = 0.430). CONCLUSIONS Plasma RNA is stable in uncentrifuged EDTA blood stored at 4 degrees C, but to obtain a stable serum RNA concentration, uncentrifuged clotted blood should be stored at 4 degrees C and processed within 6 h. A single freeze/thaw cycle produces no significant effect on the RNA concentration of plasma or serum.
Change Function of 2D/3D Network-on-Chip

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been widely accepted as one of the most promising on-chip communication architectures for many-core Systems-on-Chip (SoC). With billions of transistors integrated on a single chip, inter-component communication becomes more and more complicated and power hungry. By leveraging the existing technologies of computer networks, NoC enables the on-chip communication to be simpler and more predictable. With the unceasing increase of the number of on-chip components, issues such as communication delay, system throughput, power consumption and large die area start to emerge in traditional two dimensional (2D) integrated circuits (ICs). During the recent years, more attentions than ever have been focused on three dimensional (3D) ICs in both industry and academia. However, 3D ICs are known to have higher cost in several aspects, including heat dissipation, yield, testing, etc., than their 2D counterparts. In this paper, we propose a method based on the economic term of change function to analyze the profitability of using 3D rather than 2D NoCs. We compare the benefits and costs between 2D and 3D NoCs and judgments are made based on the quantized results of these comparisons.
Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Have Higher Prevalence of Thyroid Autoantibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Thyroid autoimmunity is considered the most common type of organ-specific autoimmune disorder and can be associated with other autoimmune endocrine disorders or non-endocrine diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypical autoimmune disorder with multifactorial etiology. The pathogenesis and development of the disease may result from a loss of immune tolerance and the resulting synthesis of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Autoimmune factors may be common features of both thyroid autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus, making it likely that both conditions may coexist within some patients. Methods and Findings A number of studies have investigated whether an association between thyroid autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus exists. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Furthermore, most of these studies have had relatively small sample sizes, which have rendered them insufficiently powerful to determine whether there is an association between systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid autoimmunity. The main objective of this meta-analysis is to provide reliable estimates of the extent of any association between thyroid autoimmunity and systemic lupus erythematosus by combining the primary data from all relevant studies. Literature databases were searched, including the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang and CBM databases, from January 1970 to May 2014. A total of 1076 systemic lupus erythematosus cases and 1661 healthy controls were included in this study. From these data, the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of thyroid autoantibody positivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was higher than in healthy controls (TgAb: OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.83–4.89; TPOAb: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.27–3.82, respectively). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that thyroid autoimmunity is more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus than in a control group.
Context-aware adaptation for component-based pervasive computing systems

Developing and deploying context-aware mobile and perva- sive applications that are adaptable to a broad range of high-end and low- end systems is a daunting task. The contribution of our research within the pervasive computing domain is a context-awareness infrastructure de- veloped in the framework of the CoDAMoS project 1 . The infrastructure provides runtime support for context-driven adaptation of component- based mobile services and supports context-driven resource discovery, service adaptation and service mobility at runtime. The research demon- stration will illustrate peer-to-peer interoperability and context-driven service adaptation at runtime on both high-end computing systems and resource constrained mobile handheld devices.
Discrete Inverse Scattering Theory for NMR Pulse Design

We introduce a discrete analogue of the scattering theory for the Zakharov-Shabat (ZS) system, and use it to continue the work of C.L. Epstein by deriving an efficient, recursive algorithm for generating RF-pulses for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the process, we present a straightforward derivation of the standard Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko (Marchenko) equations, and we derive similar equations which apply to the discrete framework. In addition, we prove that the potentials obtained by solving the Marchenko equations produce the correct scattering data. We explain how the generally accepted Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) technique fits into the more general framework of discrete inverse scattering, and we show, using examples, how inverse scattering theory can be used to produce pulses which are, in some ways, superior to standard SLR pulses.
The Authoring Process of the UML-based Web Engineering Approach

We propose a precise UML-based authoring method for Web applications. This authoring method is part of the UML-based Web Engineering (UWE) approach. Starting with a requirement analysis done by use cases technique, it focuses on the design phase. The conceptual model of the application is used as guideline for modeling the navigation space. From the navigation space model we derive, in a next step, a navigation structure model which shows how to navigate through the navigation space using access elements like indexes, guided tours, queries and menus. Finally, a presentation model is constructed based on the navigation structure model. It provides an appropriate UML notation to support sketching and storyboarding. In addition, we suggest to use UML interaction diagrams to represent the presentation flow. During the whole development process we identify steps that can be performed in an automatic way thus providing the basis for a generation mechanism for Web application design. The different models of the design process are represented by using a UML conform extension of UML for Web applications (UML profile). The authoring process is illustrated with an example: a Web–based conference review system. The strength of the presented Web engineering approach is given by the fact that we use exclusively the UML notation and techniques. Moreover, our specification of constraints with OCL (part of UML) allows augmenting the exactitude of the models. In the same way our methodology has a high degree of precision in the description of guidelines of the authoring process of Web application, which can even partially be automated.
Grokking Software Architecture

This paper is a retrospective arising from a WCRE paper published in 1998 promoting a relational approach to manipulate software architecture and to help solve various problems in software analysis. That paper explains how Tarski’s binary relational algebra, embedded in a language such as Grok, can solve such problems. Tarski’s notation is elegant and often efficiently executable when the subject at hand is characterized by parts with binary relations between them. Software architecture, especially as-built architecture, is such a subject. This paper concentrates on the following three questions. What impact can a relational approach have on our understanding of software architecture? What Groklanguages exist and what are their strengths? How have Grok-like languages been used to solve problems in software architecture or software analysis?
Topology of Quasiperiodic Functions on the Plane

This article describes a topological theory of quasiperiodic functions on the plane. The development of this theory was started (in different terminology) by the Moscow topology group in early 1980s. It was motivated by the needs of solid state physics, as a partial (nongeneric) case of Hamiltonian foliations of Fermi surfaces with multivalued Hamiltonian function [1]. The unexpected discoveries of their topological properties that were made in 1980s [2, 3] and 1990s [4, 5, 6] have finally led to nontrivial physical conclusions [7, 8] along the lines of the so-called geometric strong magnetic field limit [9]. A very fruitful new point of view comes from the reformulation of that problem in terms of quasiperiodic functions and an extension to higher dimensions made in 1999 [10]. One may say that, for single crystal normal metals put in a magnetic field, the semiclassical tra-jectories of electrons in the space of quasimomenta are exactly the level lines of the quasiperiodic function with three quasiperiods that is the dispersion relation restricted to a plane orthogonal to the magnetic field. General studies of the topological properties of levels of quasiperiodic functions on the plane with any number of quasiperiods were started in 1999 when certain ideas were formulated for the case of four quasiperiods [10]. The last section of this work contains a complete proof of these results based on the technique developed in [21, 22]. Some new physical applications of the general problem were found recently [11].
IPSSC : Integration of structured expert knowledge

This paper presents an effective implementation of data preprocessing methodology and data mining referring to integrate decision rules as part of manually written expert system (expert knowledge) with models inducted from data. The methods we have used are standard methods for data pre-processing, including techniques for handling missing data, feature construction, transformation and aggregation, and J48 machine learning algorithm, implemented in WEKA data mining tool set for the process of integration of the manually created expert rules given in decision tables.