Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations of source and connectivity EEG patterns under simulated deep-SEA condition

New wireless technologies can overcome technical and safety problems of older ones for recording biological signals in hyperbaric chamber. In an application of a Bluetooth system, we measured the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in professional divers in a hyperbaric chamber to determine how oxygen affects the brain activity. The cortical sources and the connectivity of the EEG rhythms were estimated in three conditions: breathing air at sea level; breathing O2 at a simulated depth of 18 msw; breathing air at sea level after decompression. The oxygen condition was characterized by an amplitude increase in the alpha and beta sources in the parietal and occipital areas and decrease in the occipital delta and theta sources for at least 20 mins, with a parallel disconnection of the frontal-parietal links in the early minutes of O2 breathing. These results may be relevant for establishing a reference point in future studies on oxygen-sensitive subjects.
Huggy pajama: a parent and child hugging communication system

Huggy Pajama is a novel wearable system aimed at promoting physical interaction in remote communication between parent and child. This system enables parents and children to hug one another through a novel hugging interface device and a wearable, hug reproducing pajama connected through the Internet. The hugging device is a small, mobile doll with an embedded pressure sensing circuit that is able to accurately sense varying levels of the range of human force produced from natural touch. This device sends hug signals to a haptic jacket that simulates the feeling of being hugged to the wearer. It features air pressure actuation to reproduce hug.
Minimal extracorporeal circulation reduces the incidence of postoperative major adverse events after elective coronary artery bypass grafting in high-risk patients. A single-institutional prospective randomized study

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using minimal extracorporeal circulation (MECC) has been associated with an improved short-term clinical outcome compared to conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MECC compared to CECC on postoperative major adverse events in high-risk patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization procedures. Two hundred patients undergoing elective CABG were randomized into two groups. In Group A (n=100), MECC was used while Group B (n=100) included patients who were operated on CECC. The incidence of postoperative major adverse events (myocardial infarction, renal failure, stroke, death) was the primary end-point of the study. MECC was associated with a 77% relative risk reduction in the incidence of major adverse events compared to CECC (p=0.004). The rate of major adverse events occurring in the high-risk patient subgroup (preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, age >65 years, EuroSCORE II >5) operated on with MECC was significantly lower in comparison to their CECC counterparts. Based on our results, cardiac centres should be encouraged to use MECC as the standard circuit when performing elective coronary procedures, even in a high-risk population.
Analysis of the CD151-alpha3beta1 integrin and CD151-tetraspanin interactions by mutagenesis.

Transmembrane proteins of the tetraspanin superfamily are associated with various integrins and modulate their function. We performed mutagenesis analysis to establish structural requirements for the interaction of CD151 with the alpha3beta1 integrin and with other tetraspanins. Using a panel of CD151/CD9 chimeras and CD151 deletion mutants we show that the minimal region, which confers stable (e.g. Triton X-100-resistant) association of the tetraspanin with alpha3beta1, maps within the large extracellular loop (LECL) of CD151 (the amino acid sequence between residues Leu(149) and Glu(213)). Furthermore, the substitution of 11 amino acids (residues 195-205) from this region for a corresponding sequence from CD9 LECL or point mutations of cysteines in the conserved CCG and PXXCC motifs abolish the interaction. The removal of the LECL CD151 does not affect the association of the protein with other tetraspanins (e.g. CD9, CD81, CD63, and wild-type CD151). On the other hand, the mutation of the CCG motif selectively prevents the homotypic CD151-CD151 interaction but does not influence the association of the mutagenized CD151 with other tetraspanins. These results demonstrate the differences in structural requirements for the heterotypic and homotypic tetraspanin-tetraspanin interactions. Various deletions involving the small extracellular loop and the first three transmembrane domains prevent surface expression of the CD151 mutants but do not affect the CD151-alpha3beta1 interaction. The CD151 deletion mutants are accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and redirected to the lysosomes. The assembly of the CD151-alpha3beta1 complex occurs early during the integrin biosynthesis and precedes the interaction of CD151 with other tetraspanins. Collectively, these data show that the incorporation of CD151 into the "tetraspanin web" can be controlled at various levels by different regions of the protein.
Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development

Previously, we demonstrated that chick embryos treated with antisense oligonucleotides against a striated muscle‐specific Xin exhibit abnormal cardiac morphogenesis (Wang et al. [1999] Development 126:1281–1294); therefore, we surmised a role for Xin in cardiac development. Herein, we examine the developmental expression of Xin through immunofluorescent staining of whole‐mount mouse embryos and frozen heart sections. Xin expression is first observed within the heart tube of embryonic day 8.0 (E8.0) mice, exhibiting a peripheral localization within the cardiomyocytes. Colocalization of Xin with both β‐catenin and N‐cadherin is observed throughout embryogenesis and into adulthood. Additionally, Xin is found associated with β‐catenin within the N‐cadherin complex in embryonic chick hearts by coimmunoprecipitation. Xin is detected earlier than vinculin in the developing heart and colocalizes with vinculin at the intercalated disc but not at the sarcolemma within embryonic and postnatal hearts. At E10.0, Xin is also detected in the developing somites and later in the myotendon junction of skeletal muscle but not within the costameric regions of muscle. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, the Xin protein is found in many speckled and filamentous structures, coincident with tropomyosin in the stress fibers. Additionally, Xin is enriched in the regions of cell–cell contacts. These data demonstrate that Xin is one of the components at the adherens junction of cardiac muscle, and its counterpart in skeletal muscle, the myotendon junction. Furthermore, temporal and spatial expressions of Xin in relation to intercalated disc proteins and thin filament proteins suggest roles for Xin in the formation of cell–cell contacts and possibly in myofibrillogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategy of internal force design without object com information

There are a variety of methods to grasp an object. An internal force control is used to grasp an object and be compliant when an external disturbance is applied. simultaneously. An internal force control for a ball type object is not proper for a box type object grasping due to the error between an origin of the object reference frame and information about the center of mass (CoM) of the object. This paper considers dynamic situation during internal force control and suggests a proper control strategy for box type objects compared to the ball type object. To validate the proposed algorithm, internal force control using Allegro hand is conducted and showed competent results.
Toward a Molecular Phylogeny for Peromyscus: Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-b Sequences

Abstract One hundred DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene of 44 species of deer mice (Peromyscus (sensu stricto), 1 of Habromys, 1 of Isthmomys, 2 of Megadontomys, and the monotypic genera Neotomodon, Osgoodomys, and Podomys were used to develop a molecular phylogeny for Peromyscus. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) were conducted to evaluate alternative hypotheses concerning taxonomic arrangements (sensu stricto versus sensu lato) of the genus. In all analyses, monophyletic clades were obtained that corresponded to species groups proposed by previous authors; however, relationships among species groups generally were poorly resolved. The concept of the genus Peromyscus based on molecular data differed significantly from the most current taxonomic arrangement. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees depicted strong support for a clade placing Habromys, Megadontomys, Neotomodon, Osgoodomys, and Podomys within Peromyscus. If Habromys, Megadontomys, Neotomodon, Osgoodomys, and Podomys are regarded as genera, then several species groups within Peromyscus (sensu stricto) should be elevated to generic rank. Isthmomys was associated with the genus Reithrodontomys; in turn this clade was sister to Baiomys, indicating a distant relationship of Isthmomys to Peromyscus. A formal taxonomic revision awaits synthesis of additional sequence data from nuclear markers together with inclusion of available allozymic and karyotypic data.
Evaluation of a conceptual framework for predicting navigation performance in virtual reality

Previous research in spatial cognition has often relied on simple spatial tasks in static environments in order to draw inferences regarding navigation performance. These tasks are typically divided into categories (e.g., egocentric or allocentric) that reflect different two-systems theories. Unfortunately, this two-systems approach has been insufficient for reliably predicting navigation performance in virtual reality (VR). In the present experiment, participants were asked to learn and navigate towards goal locations in a virtual city and then perform eight simple spatial tasks in a separate environment. These eight tasks were organised along four orthogonal dimensions (static/dynamic, perceived/remembered, egocentric/allocentric, and distance/direction). We employed confirmatory and exploratory analyses in order to assess the relationship between navigation performance and performances on these simple tasks. We provide evidence that a dynamic task (i.e., intercepting a moving object) is capable of predicting navigation performance in a familiar virtual environment better than several categories of static tasks. These results have important implications for studies on navigation in VR that tend to over-emphasise the role of spatial memory. Given that our dynamic tasks required efficient interaction with the human interface device (HID), they were more closely aligned with the perceptuomotor processes associated with locomotion than wayfinding. In the future, researchers should consider training participants on HIDs using a dynamic task prior to conducting a navigation experiment. Performances on dynamic tasks should also be assessed in order to avoid confounding skill with an HID and spatial knowledge acquisition.
Changing Property Rights: Reconciling Formal and Informal Rights to Land in Africa

Policy planners in Africa confront an interesting puzzle. At the same time that many African societies are changing social norms and indigenous rights in property to more individualistic systems approaching privatization, we find increasing numbers of societies backing away from government sponsored formal systems of freehold land tenure. Even more curious, we often find that the very same societies that evolved indigenous privatization are now shunning government programs. Obviously, something about the supply of formal rights proposed by governments is not meeting the demand for property right change at the local level. Some simple economic explanations provide partial answers: the transaction costs of the registration process are high and lagging markets in essential complementary factors of production (particularly capital) may be constraining growth rather than land. But these explanations are not the whole story. Most agricultural production in Africa is still kin-based and highly risky. Lineages are not just kinfolk, they share some the characteristics of corporations: they cooperate in labor, risk management, and investment. Fundamental to the high level of trust and cooperation that such systems enjoy are basic guarantees of subsistence in the short run -- through access to land-and the long-run -- through inheritance of that land. Property right changes that violate this complex of complementary interdependencies are doomed to fail. One need not interpret this failure as violation of a sacred "moral economy"; one can as well impute a cost-benefit calculus to farmers' demands for property rights. But one must include in this equation the costs and benefits as they are realized by the farmer, that is, filtered through the calculus of kinship. The fit between formal and informal institutions is key to the former's success.
The urban metabolism of airline passengers: Scaling and sustainability

Concerns about the negative externalities of air transport suggest it is important to consider the sustainability of growth in demand for air transport. However, there is little agreement on how the sustainability of demand should be evaluated. In this paper, I draw on the extensive literature on allometric scaling in biology, which examines animals’ demand for calories, to provide a novel framework for evaluating the sustainability of cities’ demand for air transport service. Viewing cities as analogous to organisms and airline passengers as analogous to life-sustaining resources, I focus on two questions. First, at what rate do cities metabolise passengers, that is, how many airline passengers does it take to fuel a city of a given size? Second, does this metabolic rate differ for business and leisure passengers, which represent different kinds of urban resources? Using data on airline passenger movement between 103 US metropolitan areas in each year from 1993 through 2011, I find that cities demand airline passengers in proportion to their population size, but when viewed separately, demand for business passengers as a function of city size is much lower than for leisure passengers. Moreover, I find that these patterns have remained relatively stable over the last two decades. The findings suggest that considering passenger type is important in evaluating the sustainability of air transport and the capacity of the air transport system to support cities’ continued growth.
Effects of infant development on mother-infant interactions.

GREEN, JAMES A. ; GUSTAFSON, GWEN E. ; and WEST, MEREDITH J. Effects of Infant Development on Mother-Infant Interactions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 199-207. Home observations were made of the social interactions of 14 infants and their mothers when the infants were 6, 8, and 12 months of age. The purpose was to document how changing social and motor capabilities of infants affect their daily social encounters. To this end, the social interactions between the mother and infant were taken as the units of analysis; changes in the initiations and the contents or themes of interactions were shown to be related to developmental changes in infants. With increasing age, infants more often initiated interactions using directed social behaviors, and mothers more frequently initiated games, terminated or redirected infants' ongoing activities, and issued verbal requests. Mothers also performed proportionally fewer caretaking activities and less repositioning of their infants. Certain initiation types and themes showed reliable correlations as well as changes in the rate of occurrence over the 6-month period. Infants' locomotor ability was shown to be related to many of these changes in maternal behavior and, particularly, to the increasing frequency of infants' activities that mothers attempted to terminate or redirect. The results demonstrate (a) that the infant's social environment is determined in part by the infant's developmental status but (b) that there are consistent differences among infant-mother dyads across time.
Isolation by distance in a continuous population under stochastic demographic fluctuations

The local density of individuals is seldom uniform in space and time within natural populations. Yet, formal approaches to the process of isolation by distance in continuous populations have encountered analytical difficulties in describing genetic structuring with demographic heterogeneities, usually disregarding local correlations in the movement and reproduction of genes. We formulate exact recursions for probabilities of identity in continuous populations, from which we deduce definitions of effective dispersal () and effective density (De) that generalize results relating spatial genetic structure, dispersal and density in lattice models. The latter claim is checked in simulations where estimates of effective parameters obtained from demographic information are compared with estimates derived from spatial genetic patterns in a plant population evolving in a heterogeneous and dynamic habitat. The simulations further suggest that increasing spatio‐temporal correlations in local density reduce and generally decrease the product , with dispersal kurtosis influencing their sensitivity to density fluctuations. As in the lattice model, the expected relationship between the product and the genetic structure statistic ar holds under fluctuating density, irrespective of dispersal kurtosis. The product D σ2 between observed census density and the observed dispersal rate over one generation will generally be an upwardly biased (up to 400% in simulations) estimator of in populations distributed in spatially aggregated habitats.
Mixed FBB/RBB: A Novel Low-Leakage Technique for FinFET Forced Stacks

In this paper, a novel technique to reduce the leakage current of FinFET forced stacks under a given delay constraint is presented. This technique takes advantage of the unique feature of four-terminal FinFETs allowing different transistors to have separately tunable back bias voltages. In this work, a reverse back bias voltage is applied to one of the two stacked transistors to reduce its leakage at the cost of a delay penalty, whereas a forward back bias voltage is applied to the other one to compensate this delay degradation. The technique is assessed by means of mixed device-circuit simulations for FinFETs that are representative of 40- and 27-nm technology generations. Results show that a leakage reduction by up to 50× can be achieved as compared with traditional transistor stacks, while keeping same speed, dynamic energy, and sensitivity to process/voltage/temperature variations.
In Vitro P-glycoprotein Efflux Ratio Can Predict the In Vivo Brain Penetration Regardless of Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System Class

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and restricts the penetration of its substrates into the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro substrate assessment for P-gp is frequently used to predict the in vivo relevance of P-gp-mediated efflux at the BBB. We have conducted a comprehensive review of literature focusing on the in vitro–in vivo correlation of P-gp efflux ratio (ER), and demonstrated that in vitro substrates of P-gp are also in vivo substrates at the BBB. It was of note that the in vitro ER in the MDCK-MDR1 cell line from National Institutes of Health was found to be a better predictor of in vivo ER than that from Netherlands Cancer Institute, with r2 values of 0.813 and 0.531, respectively. Recently, a research group proposed that 98% of Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) class 1 drugs can penetrate the brain even when those compounds are shown as P-gp substrates in vitro. However, our data analysis suggested that in vitro ER can predict the in vivo brain penetration regardless of the class in BDDCS. Considering that very few marketed CNS drugs are in vivo substrates for P-gp, the in vitro substrate assessment of P-gp should be used in the early stages of drug discovery to select compounds that are most likely to penetrate the CNS to exert their pharmacologic action.
Indonesian Law Reform, or Once More unto the Breach: A Brief Institutional History

Law-reform efforts reach back to the 1950s, but the rule of law is still acknowledged to be weak in Indonesia. Written before the election of President Abdurahman Wahid in late 1999, this article critiques two existing views of law-reform efforts and develops a third interpretation in examining problems from the 1980s into the current Reform Period. The three interpretations counsel differing approaches to further legal development with implications for structural reform, as well as Indonesian perceptions of law reform.
Translocation of green fluorescent protein by comparative analysis with multiple signal peptides

Type I and II secretory pathways are used for the translocation of recombinant proteins from the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four signal peptides (HlyA, TorA, GeneIII, and PelB), representing the most common secretion pathways in E. coli, for their ability to target green fluorescent protein (GFP) for membrane translocation. Signal peptide‐GFP genetic fusions were designed in accordance with BioFusion standards (BBF RFC 10, BBF RFC 23). The HlyA signal peptide targeted GFP for secretion to the extracellular media via the type I secretory pathway, whereas TAT‐dependent signal peptide TorA and Sec‐dependent signal peptide GeneIII exported GFP to the periplasm. The PelB signal peptide was inefficient in translocating GFP. The use of biological technical standards simplified the design and construction of functional signal peptide‐recombinant protein genetic devices for type I and II secretion in E. coli. The utility of the standardized parts model is further illustrated as constructed biological parts are available for direct application to other studies on recombinant protein translocation.
Squeezing Interval Change From Ordinal Panel Data : Latent Growth Curves With Ordinal Outcomes

A didactic on latent growth curve modeling for ordinal outcomes is presented. The conceptual aspects of modeling growth with ordinal variables and the notion of threshold invariance are illustrated graphically using a hypothetical example. The ordinal growth model is described in terms of 3 nested models: (a) multivariate normality of the underlying continuous latent variables (yt) and its relationship with the observed ordinal response pattern (Yt), (b) threshold invariance over time, and (c) growth model for the continuous latent variable on a common scale. Algebraic implications of the model restrictions are derived, and practical aspects of fitting ordinal growth models are discussed with the help of an empirical example and Mx script (M. C. Neale, S. M. Boker, G. Xie, & H. H. Maes, 1999). The necessary conditions for the identification of growth models with ordinal data and the methodological implications of the model of threshold invariance are discussed.