Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holographic Tachyon in Fractal Geometry

The search of a logical quantum gravity theory is one of the noteworthy issues in modern theoretical physics. It is known that most of the quantum gravity theories describe our universe as a dimensional flow. From this point of view, one can investigate whether and how these attractive properties are related with the ultraviolet-divergence problem. These important points motivated us to discuss the reconstruction of a scalar field problem in the fractal theory which is a well-known quantum theory of gravity. Making use of time-like fractal model and considering the holographic description of galactic dark energy, we implement a correspondence between the tachyon model of galactic dark energy effect and holographic energy. Such a connection gives us an opportunity to redefine the fractal dynamics of selected scalar field representation by considering the time-evolution of holographic energy.
Evaluation of a second-generation LED curing light.

BACKGROUND Light-emitting diode (LED) curing lights offer advantages over quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) lights, but the first-generation LED lights had some disadvantages. PURPOSE This study compared a second-generation LED light with a QTH light to determine which was better at photopolymerizing a variety of resin composites. METHODS The ability of a LED light used for 20 and 40 seconds to cure 10 resin composites was compared with that of a QTH light used for 40 seconds. The composites were 1.6 mm thick and were irradiated at distances of 2 and 9 mm from the light guide. The Knoop hardness at the top and the bottom of each composite was measured at 15 minutes and 24 hours after irradiation. RESULTS The different curing lights and irradiation times did not have the same effect on all of the composites (p < 0.01). For specimens analyzed 24 hours after irradiation, the LED light used for 20 seconds cured 5 of the composites as well as when the QTH light was used for 40 seconds (p > 0.01). When used for 40 seconds, the LED light cured 6 of the composites as well as when the QTH light was used (p > 0.01), and all 10 composites achieved more than 80% of the hardness produced with the QTH light. CONCLUSIONS This LED light could not polymerize all of the composites as well as the QTH light. However, when used for 40 seconds, it cured more than half of the composites as well as when the QTH light was used, and all of the composites achieved a hardness comparable to that produced with the QTH light.
Inhibition of intercellular communication between normal human embryonal palatal mesenchyme cells by teratogenic glycol ethers.

Cell-cell communication, possibly through gap junctions, is a fundamental event for the differentiation of embryonal tissues. Chemical substances which can interfere with this process may be able to disrupt embryogenesis. We have examined the response of a normal diploid human embryonal palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cell line to glycol ethers. These cells have gap junctions whose function in cell-cell communication was inhibited by a model teratogen. Potential HEPM donor cells (2000 to 4000) were pulse labeled with 3H-uridine (10 microCi/mL; 3 hr) and then cocultured for 3 hr with 200,000 to 400,000 potential recipient cells in the absence or presence of 2-methoxyethanol (ME; 0.13-0.30 M) or 2-isopropoxyethanol (IPE; 0.05-0.1 M). Computer-assisted quantitative autoradiography was applied to assess the effects on metabolic cooperation. Although this phenomenon was inhibited by ME, the effect was probably not attributable to interference with gap junction-mediated transfer of labeled nucleotides but rather to the lack of formation of gap junctions resulting from cytotoxicity and poor physical contact between cells. The inhibition obtained with IPE was apparently not due to adverse effects on HEPM cells as judged by light microscopy and cell counts of recipients surrounding a given donor. The results suggest that HEPM cells are suitable to study disruption of cell-cell communication as a mechanism responsible for teratogenesis and offer the unique possibility to apply human embryonal cells. However, care has to be taken to assess potential cytotoxicity of xenobiotics, and further refinement of the criteria to detect adverse effects is required. ImagesFIGURE 2. AFIGURE 2. BFIGURE 4. AFIGURE 4. B
A method for determining the mass thickness of thin films using electron probe microanalysis

A method is proposed for easy determination of the mass thickness of thin films using electron-probe microanalysis. The model is based on the function of the depth distribution O(qz) of the characteristic x-ray production and emphasizes the treatment of the physical phenomena in the transition area between the film and the substrate. The method is applicable to a wide range of elements and element combinations (Z>5) and electron acceleration energies. It has been tested by comparing results obtained using this method with data taken from the literature. Errors are small, generally, not exceeding 5%.
Continuous Malayalam speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models

Accurate and computationally efficient means of recognizing continuous speech has been a subject of research in recent years. This paper reports the development of a small vocabulary, speaker independent continuous Malayalam speech recognition system based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Continuous density HMM, which is used in this work to model phonemes, represents the general case where the observation probability density functions (pdfs) are continuous. The observation pdf is approximated using a Gaussian mixture density. Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) method is used to extract acoustic features from the input signal. To represent temporal variations in the speech signal, the first and second order derivatives of MFCC are added to the set of static parameters. The training and decoding are performed by the Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms respectively. The corpus contains naturally and continuously spoken sentences with multiple pronunciations and speaker variations. On evaluation the proposed system has produced promising results with 94.67% word accuracy and 93.33% sentence correct.
Enhancing Theory-of-Mind Discourse among Deaf Parents of Children with Hearing Loss.

Children with hearing loss often have difficulties in the socio-emotional domain that can be attributed to a significant delay in the development of theory of mind (ToM). The current article describes a workshop aimed at enhancing deaf parents' awareness of the importance of ToM development and enriching parent-child conversations with developmentally appropriate mental state contents . Eight deaf mothers from mid- low SES background participated in six sessions and were guided to enrich their mental discourse while naturally interacting with their deaf children. The mothers' use of mental terms was assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Following their participation in the workshop, mothers used more mental terms when interacting with their children, explained more elaborately mental motives underlying people's behavior and described their children's personality by referring more frequently to their social likes and dislikes. We conclude that parental guidance that addresses parents' interests and needs can assist in enriching their mental discourse and mediation when interacting with their children. As parents are major agents in enhancing development of theory of mind, the reported change may have long-lasting effects on their children.
Another Viewpoint On Antireflection Coating Design

Most antireflection coatings in use today are derived from concepts based on the use of quarter-wave (Q) and half-wave (H) optical thickness layers. We show an alternative and more general way of viewing the concepts and how special cases reduce to the commonly used forms. The monotonically graded inhomogeneous index layer from the substrate to the medium has been extensively reported by Jacobsson and Martensson(1), Dobrowolski and Ho(2), and others. Various oscillating index profiles between the substrate and the medium show promise in producing superior broadband AR coatings. These concepts have evolved from observation of broadband designs using multiple homogeneous quarter- and half-wave optical thickness layers as described by DeBell(3). The viewpoint leads to some further understanding of the possibilities and limitations of AR coatings in general.
Some Notes on Monetary Policy Rules with Uncertainty

The author explores the role that Taylor-type rules can play in monetary policy, given the degree of uncertainty in the economy. The optimal rule is derived from a simple infinite-horizon model of the monetary transmission mechanism, with only additive uncertainty. The author then examines how this rule ought to be modified when there is uncertainty about the parameters, the time lags, and the nature of shocks. Quantitative evaluations are subsequently provided. In particular, it is shown that if the degree of persistence of inflation in the Phillips curve is not high, a simple rule such as the original Taylor rule that offsets demand shocks and puts a relatively small weight on inflation shocks may be an appropriate benchmark for the conduct of monetary policy. Conversely, it is argued that if the degree of persistence of inflation in the Phillips curve is high, then finding a Taylor-type rule that can act as a benchmark for monetary policy is likely to be difficult.
Support Vector Method for Novelty Detection

Suppose you are given some dataset drawn from an underlying probability distribution P and you want to estimate a "simple" subset S of input space such that the probability that a test point drawn from P lies outside of S equals some a priori specified ν between 0 and 1. We propose a method to approach this problem by trying to estimate a function f which is positive on S and negative on the complement. The functional form of f is given by a kernel expansion in terms of a potentially small subset of the training data; it is regularized by controlling the length of the weight vector in an associated feature space. We provide a theoretical analysis of the statistical performance of our algorithm. The algorithm is a natural extension of the support vector algorithm to the case of unlabelled data.
Human melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cells from metastases are capable of antigen-specific degranulation and cytolysis directly ex vivo

The relatively low frequencies of tumor Ag-specific T-cells in PBMC and metastases from cancer patients have long precluded the analysis of their direct ex vivo cytolytic capacity. Using a new composite technique that works well with low cell numbers, we aimed at determining the functional competence of melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cells. A multiparameter flow cytometry based technique was applied to assess the cytolytic function, degranulation and IFNγ production by tumor Ag-specific CD8+ T-cells from PBMC and tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes (TILN) of melanoma patients. We found strong cytotoxicity by T-cells not only when they were isolated from PBMC but also from TILN. Cytotoxicity was observed against peptide-pulsed target cells and melanoma cells presenting the naturally processed endogenous antigen. However, unlike their PBMC-derived counterparts, T-cells from TILN produced only minimal amounts of IFNγ, while exhibiting similar levels of degranulation, revealing a critical functional dichotomy in metastatic lesions. Our finding of partial functional impairment fits well with the current knowledge that T-cells from cancer metastases are so-called exhausted, a state of T-cell hyporesponsiveness also found in chronic viral infections. The identification of responsible mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment is important for improving cancer therapies.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Upregulates the Expression of SOCS3 in Mouse Brain and Raw264.7 Cells

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the pathogens that can invade the central nervous system, causing acute infection and inflammation of brain. SOCS3 protein plays a vital role in immune processes and inflammation of the central nervous system. In this study, Raw264.7 cells and suckling mice were infected with JEV, and SOCS3 expression was analyzed by the gene expression profile, semiquantitative RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Results indicated that 520 genes were found to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2.0, p < 0.05) in total. The differentially regulated genes were involved in biological processes, such as stimulus response, biological regulation and immune system processes. JEV early infection could induce SOCS3 expression, upregulating both the mRNA and protein levels in Raw264.7 cells in a time-dependent manner. The SOCS3 expression was much lower in Raw264.7 cells infected with inactivated JEV than wild-type JEV. In vivo, SOCS3 protein was also found to upregulate the expression of mRNA and protein in JEV-infected mouse brain. Taken together, our data showed that JEV early infection could induce the upregulation of SOCS3 expression, both in vitro and in vivo, providing the basic theoretical foundation for future research on the invasion mechanism of JEV.
Priming Exceptions: A Test of the Scope Hypothesis in Naturalistic Trait Judgments

Abstract Trait judgments draw on two kinds of memory: (a) trait summaries, which provide information in the form of a generalization, and (b) memories of episodes in which a person behaved in ways that are relevant to the trait. According to the scope hypothesis (e.g., Cosmides & Tooby, 2000; Klein, Cosmides, Tooby, & Chance, in press), a trait summary is most useful when its scope is delimited (i.e., when it is accompanied by information specifying those situations in which it does not apply). Episodic memories that are inconsistent with a trait summary can serve this function, because they encode specific situations in which the generalization fails to predict the outcome. This suggests that judgment procedures should be designed to search for summary information in semantic memory and, upon retrieving it, also search for episodic memories that are inconsistent with that summary. This prediction has been tested and supported in previous experiments using artificial target persons (Babey, Queller, & Klei.
Improving Mechanical Properties of cp Titanium by Heat Treatment Optimization

The yield stress and the ductility are very important mechanical quantities for materials selection. The paper deals with the question: how far is it possible to increase the yield stress without a significant loss of ductility by optimizing the final heat treatment in the elaboration stage. Commercially pure titanium sheets are subjected to different thermo‐mechanical treatments to produce seven metallurgical states. The textures and the microstructures of the samples are studied by Electron Back Scattering Diffraction measurements, the mechanical behavior by tensile testing along the previous rolling, and the transverse directions of the sheet. The obtained microstructures display different grain sizes and varying fractions of recrystallized grains, together with slightly dissimilar textures. The yield stress increases with the decreasing grain size and obeys the classical Hall–Petch law. The grain size reduction results in a small decrease of ductility for extension along the rolling direction when the recrystallized volume fraction is higher than 80%. For extension along the transverse direction, however, the homogeneous deformation strongly decreases as soon as the material contains a small fraction of non‐recrystallized grains. A good compromise between high yield stress and ductility is identified in a metallurgical state close to the end of primary recrystallization. This material state insures a relatively small grain size with all grains being in a recrystallized state.
Versus Chlorambucil for the First-Line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in England and Wales : A Cost-Utility Analysis

d f b P b C m a i a l K e C Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bendamustine compared with chlorambucil as first-line treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who would be considered unsuitable for treatment with fludarabine combination chemotherapy regimens. Methods: A semi-Markov approach was used to estimate time in each health state. The model was parameterized primarily by using data from a phase III randomized, open-label trial comparing bendamustine with chlorambucil. It captured the increased progression-free survival and improved response rates with bendamustine, and the cost and quality of life impacts of postprogression treatments. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales. A lifetime (35-year) time horizon was used. Deterministic sensitivity analyses, probabilistic sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses in older patients and patients with poor performance status were carried out. Results: The estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £11,960 per quality-adjusted life-year. None of the O
Bio-SCoRes: A Smorgasbord Architecture for Coreference Resolution in Biomedical Text

Coreference resolution is one of the fundamental and challenging tasks in natural language processing. Resolving coreference successfully can have a significant positive effect on downstream natural language processing tasks, such as information extraction and question answering. The importance of coreference resolution for biomedical text analysis applications has increasingly been acknowledged. One of the difficulties in coreference resolution stems from the fact that distinct types of coreference (e.g., anaphora, appositive) are expressed with a variety of lexical and syntactic means (e.g., personal pronouns, definite noun phrases), and that resolution of each combination often requires a different approach. In the biomedical domain, it is common for coreference annotation and resolution efforts to focus on specific subcategories of coreference deemed important for the downstream task. In the current work, we aim to address some of these concerns regarding coreference resolution in biomedical text. We propose a general, modular framework underpinned by a smorgasbord architecture (Bio-SCoRes), which incorporates a variety of coreference types, their mentions and allows fine-grained specification of resolution strategies to resolve coreference of distinct coreference type-mention pairs. For development and evaluation, we used a corpus of structured drug labels annotated with fine-grained coreference information. In addition, we evaluated our approach on two other corpora (i2b2/VA discharge summaries and protein coreference dataset) to investigate its generality and ease of adaptation to other biomedical text types. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of our novel smorgasbord architecture. The specific pipelines based on the architecture perform successfully in linking coreferential mention pairs, while we find that recognition of full mention clusters is more challenging. The corpus of structured drug labels (SPL) as well as the components of Bio-SCoRes and some of the pipelines based on it are publicly available at https://github.com/kilicogluh/Bio-SCoRes. We believe that Bio-SCoRes can serve as a strong and extensible baseline system for coreference resolution of biomedical text.
Ageing and diagnostics in extruded insulations for power cables

There are several polymers being used as extruded insulation in high-voltage power cables from 5 kV up to 500 kV. They include low density polyethylene (LDPE), crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), tree-retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TRXLPE) and different formulations of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). The ageing mechanisms of extruded insulations operating under wet (usually for medium-voltage cables) and dry conditions (for high-voltage cables) have been discussed. Diagnostic techniques, both destructive and non-destructive, have also been discussed using the possible ageing mechanisms as a basis.
Forecasting Call Center Arrivals: Fixed-Effects, Mixed-Effects, and Bivariate Models

We consider different statistical models for the call arrival process in telephone call centers. We evaluate the forecasting accuracy of those models by describing results from an empirical study analyzing real-life call center data. We test forecasting accuracy using different lead times, ranging from weeks to hours in advance, to mimic real-life challenges faced by call center managers. The models considered are (i) a benchmark fixed-effects model that does not exploit any dependence structures in the data; (ii) a mixed-effects model that takes into account both interday (day-to-day) and intraday (within-day) correlations; and (iii) two new bivariate mixed-effects models, for the joint distribution of the arrival counts to two separate queues, that exploit correlations between different call types. Our study shows the importance of accounting for different correlation structures in the data.
Outage probability analysis of the decode and forward relaying over the composite fading multipath/shadowing channels

Cooperative diversity is one of the promising solutions to overcome the channel impairments and provide high data rate coverage. It has been studied for different channel fading as Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami-m. Nevertheless, for a decode and forward relaying over composite fading including simultaneously multipath and shadowing, outage results have ever appeared. Using the Nakagami probability density function (pdf) to model multipath fading and the Gamma pdf to model shadowing has led to the generalized-K model for composite fading. This paper gives an analytical expression of the outage probability of the Decode and Forward cooperative technique over the generalized-K fading channel. Simulation results are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis.
“Squashing peanuts and smashing pumpkins”: How noise distorts diffusion‐weighted MR data

New diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) methods, including high‐b, q‐space, and high angular resolution MRI methods, attempt to extract information about non‐Gaussian diffusion in tissue that is not provided by low‐b‐value (b ≈ 1000 s mm−2) diffusion or diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI). Additionally, DWI data with higher spatial resolution are being acquired to resolve fine anatomic structures, such as white matter fasciculi. Increasing diffusion‐weighting or decreasing voxel size can reduce the signal‐to‐noise ratio so that some DWI signals are close to the background noise level. Here we report several new artifacts that can be explained by considering how background noise affects the peanut‐shaped angular apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) profile. These include an orientationally dependent deviation from Gaussian behavior of the ADC profile, an underestimation of indices of diffusion anisotropy, and a correlation between estimates of mean diffusivity and diffusion anisotropy. We also discuss how noise can cause increased gray/white matter DWI contrast at higher b values and an apparent elevation of diffusion anisotropy in acute ischemia. Importantly, all of these artifacts are negligible in the b‐value range typically used in DT‐MRI of brain (b ≈ 1000 s mm−2). Finally, we demonstrate a strategy for ameliorating the rectified noise artifact in data collected at higher b values. Magn Reson Med 52:979–993, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.