Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theory-Refinement Approach to Information Extraction

We investigate applying theory renemen t to the task of extracting information from text. In theory renemen t, partial domain knowledge (which may be incorrect) is given to a supervised learner. The provided knowledge guides the learner in its task, but the learner can rene or even discard this knowledge during training. Our supervised learner is a \knowledge-based" neural network that initially contains \compiled" prior knowledge about a particular information extraction (IE) task. The prior knowledge needs to specify the extraction slots for the specic IE task. Our approach uses generate-and-test to address the IE task. In the generation step, we produce candidate extractions by intelligently searching the space of possible extractions. In the test step, we use the trained network to judge each candidate and output those that exceed a system-selected threshold. Experiments on the CMU seminarannouncements and the Yeast subcellularlocalization domains demonstrate our approach’s value.
- 1-Decay properties of 269 Hs and evidence for the new nuclide 270

A. Türler, Ch.E. Düllmann, H.W. Gäggeler, S. Soverna (Univ. Bern & PSI), R. Dressler, B. Eichler, F. Glaus, D.T. Jost, D. Piguet (PSI), T.N. Ginter, K.E. Gregorich, U. Kirbach, D.M. Lee, R. Sudowe, (LBNL), D.C. Hoffman, H. Nitsche, J.B. Patin, P. Zielinski (UC Berkeley & LBNL), W. Brüchle, R. Eichler, E. Jäger, V. Pershina, M. Schädel, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, H. -J. Schött, G. Wirth (GSI), S.N. Timokhin, A.B. Yakushev (FLNR), K. Eberhardt, P. Thörle, N. Trautmann (Univ. Mainz), Z. Qin (IMP Lanzhou), A. Vahle (FZ Rossendorf)
Researching the bridge called our backs: the invisibility of ‘us’ in qualitative communities

Abstract The article and the following discussion were prompted after the authors’ participation in a recent qualitative research conference. In the article, a Black woman and Latina scholar share their experiences and reflections as scholar researchers. As a point of entry, they discuss how even qualitative research communities can be marginalizing spaces for scholars of color. Using theoretical perspectives of feminists of color, the authors provide snapshots into their personal dialogue around issues of research, theory, and practice. By examining their own personal and professional shared stories of coming to their scholarly identities, qualitative researchers will be able to better understand how women scholars of color grapple with and embrace a multiple consciousness to navigate academia and research communities. Based on these intellectual struggles and forms of resistance, the authors put forth suggestions for qualitative research theory and practice. The article has implications for qualitative research, higher education, and feminist theory.
Saccades to Moving Targets

Abstract: The metrics and dynamics of saccades to stationary and moving targets were observed in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). To isolate the effects of target speed on the saccade from contributions of smooth pursuit, saccade velocity was corrected for intrasaccadic pursuit velocity on a trial‐by‐trial basis prior to analysis. The effects of presaccadic retinal error and target speed on the saccadic velocity profile were determined by analyzing the partial correlations computed as a function of time after saccade onset. The main results are: (1) Saccade amplitude is determined not only by the retinal error sampled before the saccade, but also by the speed of the target during the latency period. (2) The dynamics of saccades, even if compensated for smooth‐pursuit components, differ between forward‐ and backward‐moving targets. (3) Whereas the presaccadic retinal error affects the eye velocity throughout the saccade, target speed has no effect before peak velocity. These results are discussed in the context of current models of saccade generation and their physiological substrates, in particular the role of the cerebellum in the local feedback loop.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Chi-squared and associations in tabular audiology data Conference Item

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Abstract—In this paper, we have used the chi-squared test and Yule's Q measure to discover associations in tables of patient audiology data. These records are examples of heterogeneous medical records, since they contain audiograms, textual notes and typical relational fields. In our first experiment we used the chi-squared measure to discover associations between the different fields of audiology data such as patient gender and patient age with diagnosis. Then, in our second experiment we used Yule's Q to discover the strength and direction of the significant associations found by the chi-squared measure. We then examined two measures of association commonly used in market basket analysis, support and confidence. These did not yield any further associations. We discuss our findings in the context of producing an audiology decision support system.
Dot-to-Dot Maskless Bulk Interconnect Process

Dot-to-dot (D2D) is a bulk, maskless process for creating electrical interconnections between adjacent features. It does not require the features to be aligned to a mask or other tool and is thus applicable even to complex curved and folded surfaces. The principle can be illustrated by a set of dimensionless points scattered on a plane. Each point is a circuit node electrically connected to a surrounding circular region of radius b. Where the separation between points is greater than 2b, no connection is made. Where the distance is less than 2b, adjacent circles join and establish a connection. Long wires linking multiple nodes are formed wherever a series of points are separated by less than 2b. While physically realizable D2D connections are built-up from finitesized regions rather than points, the principles are the same. Since all connections on a large number of workpieces may be formed simultaneously, manufacturing costs should be extremely low. This paper is a comprehensive examimation of D2D technology. It begins with an overview of stacked packaging and suggests a one-dimensional approach to attaining precise interlayer alignment. Models for stacked module geometry and plating process capability are used to predict minimum attainable wiring pitch. Initial experiments using electroless nickel plating and a planar substrate support the fundamental viability of the D2D approach. Test patterns demonstrate wiring on pitches as low as 50 μm, with increasingly robust results at larger pitches. Future work should focus on better understanding joint formation and controlling spurious plating nucleation on actual substrate stacks.
A Formal, Computational Theory of Multiple-goal Pursuit: Integrating Goal-choice and Goal-striving Processes We Thank Allison Tenbrink for Helping to Classify the Data, Sheng Liu for Helping with the Modeling, And

Understanding the processes involved when pursuing multiple goals over time is a central question for motivational theorists. A dynamic, computational model integrating theories of goal striving and goal choice is presented to account for data emerging from Schmidt and DeShon's (2007) multiple-goal-pursuit protocol. The simulated results match the results reported in their study, including the finding that relative discrepancy from the goals positively predicted resource allocation early on but negatively predicted it toward the end of the session. Variance in parameters in the model also accounted for individual differences found in the data. Discussion focuses on the theoretical contribution of formally integrating elements of self-regulation theories, further empirical work needed to test the model, and further theoretical work needed to continue the integration process exemplified here. As you read this, you may be vaguely or even acutely aware of other things you could or should be doing. At any one time, most of us have many goals we could be pursuing, though we often find ourselves focusing on only one (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987). Likewise, research on motivation and goal processes has tended to focus on processes involved in pursuing a single goal, despite the recognition that multiple-goal pursuit is the norm, not the exception (Austin & Vancouver, 1996; Locke & Latham, 2002). Fortunately , scholars have begun to approach the question of how individuals handle the often-conflicting goals hanging unfinished over their heads (e. research has revealed gaps in the field's understanding of the processes involved. Two particularly noteworthy gaps concern (a) the integration of the goal-striving processes and decision-making or goal-choice a dynamic process whereby effort, strategies, and so forth are determined by the changing discrepancy between current and desired states (e.g., " Have I achieved the level of performance I am striving to achieve? "). These discrepancies may change over time due to changes in the desired states (i.e., goals), as well as changes in the current state. Changes in current states can result from one's own actions as well as external sources. Although dynamic in conceptualization, applications of control theory to motivational processes have mostly been limited to understanding the pursuit of a goal in isolation or have considered multiple goals arranged hierarchically in a means– ends framework (e.g., a proximal goal leading towards a longer term distal goal), largely neglecting the issue of how individuals allocate resources back and forth across competing goals over time. …
The Transparent FaceTop A Video Enhanced Desktop Interface for Synchronous Pair Collaboration

The Transparent FaceTop (TFT) is a user interface that supports close pair collaborations, such as that found in distributed pair programming and distributed extreme programming ( dPP/dXP ). We form the TFT by taking a video application window and sizing it to be full screen. Either in software, or with a video card, we make the video window semitransparent and send it to the back of the video rendering list for apps on the desktop. This gives us the appearance on the user watching the desktop from behind. Using image analysis techniques, we track the users fingertip in the backing window, and drive the mouse from this analysis application. The user can then manipulate the desktop of a projected computer from his seat by having an iBot trained on him from about 2 feet away.
Adaptive MPEG-4 Video Streaming Over IP Networks

As network researchers prefer evaluate the effectiveness of the network before deploying the protocols in real networks, video traces, which give the sizes of the individual video frames in a video sequence, have been emerging as convenient video characterizations for networking studies. This paper proposes a system named VSS (Video Streaming Simulation) for comprehensive video delivered quality evaluation using traffice traces in RTP/UDP/IP network simulation environment.
Molecular heterogeneity assessment by next-generation sequencing and response to gefitinib of EGFR mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma

Cancer molecular heterogeneity might explain the variable response of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We assessed the mutational status of 22 cancer genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in poor, intermediate or good responders to first-line gefitinib. Clinical outcome was correlated with Additional Coexisting Mutations (ACMs) and the EGFR Proportion of Mutated Alleles (PMA). Thirteen ACMs were found in 10/17 patients: TP53 (n=6), KRAS (n=2), CTNNB1 (n=2), PIK3CA, SMAD4 and MET (n=1 each). TP53 mutations were exclusive of poor/intermediate responders (66.7% versus 0, p=0.009). Presence of ACMs significantly affected both PFS (median 3.0 versus 12.3 months, p=0.03) and survival (3.6 months versus not reached, p=0.03). TP53 mutation was the strongest negative modifier (median PFS 4.0 versus 14.0 months). Higher EGFR PMA was present in good versus poor/intermediate responders. Median PFS and survival were longer in patients with EGFR PMA ≥0.36 (12.0 versus 4.0 months, p=0.31; not reached versus 18.0 months, p=0.59). Patients with an EGFR PMA ≥0.36 and no ACMs fared significantly better (p=0.03), with a trend towards increased survival (p=0.06). Our exploratory data suggest that a quantitative (PMA) and qualitative (ACMs) molecular heterogeneity assessment using NGS might be useful for a better selection of patients.
Cell-Autonomous and Non-Cell-Autonomous Neuroprotective Functions of RORα in Neurons and Astrocytes during Hypoxia

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the neuronal response to hypoxia is regulated through their interactions with astrocytes. However, the hypoxia-induced molecular mechanisms within astrocytes which influence neuronal death have yet to be characterized. In this study, we investigated the roles of the nuclear receptor RORα (retinoid-related orphan receptor-α) respectively in neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia using cultures and cocultures of neurons and astrocytes obtained from RORα-deficient mice. We found that loss of RORα function in neuronal cultures increases neuronal death after hypoxia, suggesting a cell-autonomous neuroprotective effect of RORα. Moreover, wild-type neurons cocultured with RORα-deficient astrocytes are characterized by a higher death rate after hypoxia than neurons cocultured with wild-type astrocytes, suggesting that RORα also has a non-cell-autonomous action. By using cocultures of neurons and astrocytes of different genotypes, we showed that this neuroprotective effect of RORα in astrocytes is additive to its effect in neurons, and is mediated in part by cell-to-cell interactions between neurons and astrocytes. We also found that RORα is upregulated by hypoxia in both neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, our data showed that RORα does not alter oxidative mechanisms during hypoxia but regulates hypoxic inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, a major regulator of hypoxia sensing, in a cell-specific manner. Indeed, the neuroprotective function of RORα in astrocytes correlates with a downregulation of HIF-1α selectively in these cells. Altogether, our results show that RORα is a key molecular player in hypoxia, protecting neurons through its dual action in neurons and astrocytes.
A Semi-Automatic Procedure for the Recognition and Classification of Pieces of Archaeological Artefacts

This work aim to provide some tools to help the archaeologist file fragments of artefacts found in archaeological sites. The data from each fragment are captured with a 3D digitizing system and processed. Some significant geometric parameters are estimated to locate the fragment in an approximate position on the related virtual vessel stored earlier. Then the number of items found in the site is estimated.
Eye-Tracking Reveals that the Strength of the Vertical-Horizontal Illusion Increases as the Retinal Image Becomes More Stable with Fixation

The closer a line extends toward a surrounding frame, the longer it appears. This is known as a framing effect. Over 70 years ago, Teodor Künnapas demonstrated that the shape of the visual field itself can act as a frame to influence the perceived length of lines in the vertical-horizontal illusion. This illusion is typically created by having a vertical line rise from the center of a horizontal line of the same length creating an inverted T figure. We aimed to determine if the degree to which one fixates on a spatial location where the two lines bisect could influence the strength of the illusion, assuming that the framing effect would be stronger when the retinal image is more stable. We performed two experiments: the visual-field and vertical-horizontal illusion experiments. The visual-field experiment demonstrated that the participants could discriminate a target more easily when it was presented along the horizontal vs. vertical meridian, confirming a framing influence on visual perception. The vertical-horizontal illusion experiment determined the effects of orientation, size and eye gaze on the strength of the illusion. As predicted, the illusion was strongest when the stimulus was presented in either its standard inverted T orientation or when it was rotated 180° compared to other orientations, and in conditions in which the retinal image was more stable, as indexed by eye tracking. Taken together, we conclude that the results provide support for Teodor Künnapas’ explanation of the vertical-horizontal illusion.
Determination of interesting rules in FCA using information gain

The difficult job in association rules is to identify the frequent item sets immersed into the huge collection of data. The association rules can be discovered using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Several contexts often contain large number of rules and hence interesting rules are required to be determined. With this objective, this paper proposes a method for determining interesting rules in FCA involving many-valued contexts based on Shannon's information entropy (IE) theory. For this purpose we define a gain_lift measure on association rules. The proposed method is illustrated by means of an example available from the field of medical diagnosis.
Application of the ITS2 Region for Barcoding Medicinal Plants of Selaginellaceae in Pteridophyta

Background Selaginellaceae is a family of nonseed plants with special evolutionary significance. Plants of the family Selaginellaceae are similarly shaped and easily confused, complicating identification via traditional methods. This study explored, for the first time, the use of the DNA barcode ITS2 to identify medicinal plants of the Selaginellaceae family. Methodology/Principal Findings In our study, 103 samples were collected from the main distribution areas in China; these samples represented 34 species and contained almost all of the medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. The ITS2 region of the genome was amplified from these samples and sequenced using universal primers and reaction conditions. The success rates of the PCR amplification and sequencing were 100%. There was significant divergence between the interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances of the ITS2 regions, while the presence of a barcoding gap was obvious. Using the BLAST1 and nearest distance methods, our results proved that the ITS2 regions could successfully identify the species of all Selaginellaceae samples examined. In addition, the secondary structures of ITS2 in the helical regions displayed clear differences in stem loop number, size, position, and screw angle among the medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. Furthermore, cluster analysis using the ITS2 barcode supported the relationship between the species of Selaginellaceae established by traditional morphological methods. Conclusion The ITS2 barcode can effectively identify medicinal plants of Selaginellaceae. The results provide a scientific basis for the precise identification of plants of the family Selaginellaceae and the reasonable development of these resources. This study may broaden the application of DNA barcoding in the medicinal plant field and benefit phylogenetic investigations.
Limits of fiscal federalism: How narratives of local government inefficiency facilitate scalar dumping in New York State

US local governments are responsible for a variety of services, based on the assumptions of fiscal federalism that local governments can deliver residents the services they want at the lowest cost. However, an austerity narrative that calls for shrinking public budgets emerged after the 2008 global financial crisis and higher levels of government are dumping fiscal stress down to the local level in a process of “scalar dumping. ” How do local governments respond to these austerity pressures and why do we see weak pushback from local governments? Focus groups with local government officials across New York State show local responses are constrained by the combination of a state-level limit on local property taxes and a narrative of local government inefficiency. Although local governments have the legal authority to raise revenues, they are reluctant to use this authority due to political pressure from the state and voters. These pressures encourage local governments to maintain services without adequate revenues. Pushback is weak as local governments lack institutional power in a state-based federal system and the heterogeneity among local governments makes collective action difficult. Fiscal federalism promises efficiency and effectiveness in a decentralized governance system, but has limited ability to counter “scalar dumping” that erodes fiscal sustainability. More balance of power in state–local relationships and a narrative that better connects local taxes and services are necessary.
QoS performance analysis of routing protocols in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), is a type of wireless ad-hoc network that aims to provide communication among vehicles. A key characteristic of VANETs is the very high mobility of nodes that result in a frequently changing topology along with the frequent breakage and linkage of the paths among the nodes involved. These characteristics make the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in VANET a challenging issue. In this paper we characterize the performance available to applications in infrastructureless VANETs in terms of path holding time, path breakage probability and per session throughput as a function of various vehicle densities on road, data traffic rate and number of connections formed among vehicles by making use of table-driven and on-demand routing algorithms. Several QoS constraints in the applications of infrastructureless VANETs are observed in the results obtained.
Networked H∞ synchronization of bilateral teleoperation systems

This brief is mainly concerned with the networked H∞ synchronization problem of master-slave bilateral teleoperation systems with nonuniform sampling. The networked-induced delays and packet dropouts are also considered under a unified framework. The sufficient condition in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) is provided to guarantee H∞ performance for the error dynamics. A simple optimization algorithm is given to obtain the smaller attenuation level γ. Lastly, a numerical example illustrates the validity of the proposed method.
Characterizing the power of moving target defense via cyber epidemic dynamics

Moving Target Defense (MTD) can enhance the resilience of cyber systems against attacks. Although there have been many MTD techniques, there is no systematic understanding and quantitative characterization of the power of MTD. In this paper, we propose to use a cyber epidemic dynamics approach to characterize the power of MTD. We define and investigate two complementary measures that are applicable when the defender aims to deploy MTD to achieve a certain security goal. One measure emphasizes the maximum portion of time during which the system can afford to stay in an undesired configuration (or posture), without considering the cost of deploying MTD. The other measure emphasizes the minimum cost of deploying MTD, while accommodating that the system has to stay in an undesired configuration (or posture) for a given portion of time. Our analytic studies lead to algorithms for optimally deploying MTD.