Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Displays for Browsing RDF Documents

Hyperbolic browsers are motivated by the “Circle Limit IV” woodcut of M.C. Escher. The hyperbolic tree view was introduced in graph drawing by Lamping and Rao [2] who observed that large structures could be compactly displayed by projecting a tree onto a hyperbolic plane. The effect of the projection is that components appear diminishing in size and radius exponentially the further they move from the centre of the diagram. The arguments for the hyperbolic display are twofold: an order of magnitude more nodes of a tree can be rendered in the same display space and the focus is maintained on the central vertex of the display and its immediate neighbourhood. The hyperbolic view is particularly useful for hierarchical diagrams with large numbers of leaves and branches and where neighbourhood relationships are meaningful. Examples of the hyperbolic view are INXIGHT’s Star Tree1 and HYPERPROF2. Given that the pure hyperbolic geometric projection is patented, projection onto a sphere, and diminishing radial layout views are the drawing approaches we have experimented with. Recent interest in the Semantic Web has invigorated interest in programs that render ontological data sources (structured metadata) in the style of semantic networks well known in AI. The ONTOBROKER [1] project used a hyperbolic browser to view semantic relationships between frames in F-Logic. ONTORAMA traces its lineage to the ONTOBROKER3 Java source code, but the code has been substantially re-written since 1999. The ONTORAMA effort involved refactoring the Java for the WEBKB-2 project [3, 4] which uses its own internal formats (conceptual graphs).
Image-Based BRDF Reconstruction

This paper presents a method of reconstructing the parameters of a reflectance model from photographs of an object. We assume given object geometry and light source position, as well as a homogeneous reflectance function. We employ a semi-automatic camera calibration and reconstruct radiance values from several photographs using different exposure times. After choosing an appropriate set of samples from the radiance image, we compute the geometric parameters for each sample. The remaining free model parameters are determined through an iterative fitting process. The reconstructed model is validated by simulating the illumination of the test object with a ray tracer and comparing the resulting images with the real photographs. The method is applied to the Phong, Blinn-Phong, and cosine lobe model.
Treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis in cows with enrofloxacin: effect on clinical signs and chemiluminescence of circulating neutrophils

We have studied the effect of treatment with enrofloxacin on local and general clinical signs and chemiluminescence of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in cows immediately after parturition. Twelve cows were infected with 104 cfu Esch. coli P4[ratio ]O32 into both left quarters. Six cows received an intravenous injection of 5 mg enrofloxacin/kg at 10 h after infection and a second enrofloxacin treatment administered subcutaneously at 30 h post infection. The other six cows were controls that received no treatment. General clinical signs (fever, tachycardia, loss of appetite, reduced rumen motility and depression) were similar in both groups. Local clinical signs, such as swelling, pain and firmness of the inflamed mammary quarters, were less severe in the treated cows. We saw no difference in the appearance of the milk[ratio ]flecks and watery or purulent milk were observed in both groups. The beneficial effects of treatment with enrofloxacin were mainly on milk production and composition. The decline in milk production and the changes in milk concentrations of lactose, Na+ and bovine serum albumin were less pronounced in the treated cows. Treatment with enrofloxacin accelerated the clearance of bacteria from the infected quarters, but had no effect on the chemiluminescence response of isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The changes in the number of circulating leucocytes and the appearance of immature neutrophils in the circulation of the treated cows indicated possible beneficial effects on migration of neutrophils into the inflamed glands. Higher milk somatic cell counts in the treated cows supported this hypothesis. The results of this study indicated that treating cows that have been experimentally infected with Esch. coli mastitis after parturition with enrofloxacin reduced the severity of the disease, especially the decline in milk production and the changes in milk composition.
Shugoshin is a Mad 1 / Cdc 20-like interactor of Mad 2

Mammalian centromeric cohesin is protected from phosphorylation-dependent displacement in mitotic prophase by shugoshin-1 (Sgo1), while shugoshin-2 (Sgo2) protects cohesin from separase-dependent cleavage in meiosis I. In higher eukaryotes, progression and faithful execution of both mitosis and meiosis are controlled by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which delays anaphase onset until chromosomes have achieved proper attachment to microtubules. According to the so-called template model, Mad1–Mad2 complexes at unattached kinetochores instruct conformational change of soluble Mad2, thus catalysing Mad2 binding to its target Cdc20. Here, we show that human Sgo2, but not Sgo1, specifically interacts with Mad2 in a manner that strongly resembles the interactions of Mad2 with Mad1 or Cdc20. Sgo2 contains a Mad1/Cdc20-like Mad2-interaction motif and competes with Mad1 and Cdc20 for binding to Mad2. NMR and biochemical analyses show that shugoshin binding induces similar conformational changes in Mad2 as do Mad1 or Cdc20. Mad2 binding regulates fine-tuning of Sgo2’s sub-centromeric localization. Mad2 binding is conserved in the only known Xenopus laevis shugoshin homologue and, compatible with a putative meiotic function, the interaction occurs in oocytes. The EMBO Journal (2011) 30, 2868–2880. doi:10.1038/ emboj.2011. 187; Published online 10 June 2011 Subject Categories: cell cycle
A bottom-up perspective on ecosystem change in Mesozoic oceans

Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic marine animals across multiple phyla record secular trends in morphology, environmental distribution, and inferred behaviour that are parsimoniously explained in terms of increased selection pressure from durophagous predators. Another systemic change in Mesozoic marine ecosystems, less widely appreciated than the first, may help to explain the observed animal record. Fossils, biomarker molecules, and molecular clocks indicate a major shift in phytoplankton composition, as mixotrophic dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids and, later, diatoms radiated across shelves. Models originally developed to probe the ecology and biogeography of modern phytoplankton enable us to evaluate the ecosystem consequences of these phytoplankton radiations. In particular, our models suggest that the radiation of mixotrophic dinoflagellates and the subsequent diversification of marine diatoms would have accelerated the transfer of primary production upward into larger size classes and higher trophic levels. Thus, phytoplankton evolution provides a mechanism capable of facilitating the observed evolutionary shift in Mesozoic marine animals.
Automated software testing of memory performance in embedded GPUs

Embedded and real-time software is often constrained by several temporal requirements. Therefore, it is important to design embedded software that meets the required performance goal. The inception of embedded graphics processing units (GPUs) brings fresh hope in developing high-performance embedded software which were previously not suitable for embedded platforms. Whereas GPUs use massive parallelism to obtain high throughput, the overall performance of an application running on embedded GPUs is often limited by memory performance. Therefore, a crucial problem lies in automatically detecting the inefficiency of such software developed for embedded GPUs. In this paper, we propose GUPT, a novel test generation framework that systematically explores and detects poor memory performance of applications running on embedded GPUs. In particular, we systematically combine static analysis with dynamic test generation to expose likely execution scenarios with poor memory performance. Each test case in our generated test suite reports a potential memory-performance issue, along with the detailed information to reproduce the same. We have implemented our test generation framework using GPGPU-Sim, a cycle-accurate simulator and the LLVM compiler infrastructure. We have evaluated our framework for several open-source programs. Our experiments suggest the efficacy of our framework by exposing numerous memory-performance issues in a reasonable time. We also show the usage of our framework in improving the performance of programs for embedded GPUs.
Novel Experience Induces Persistent Sleep-Dependent Plasticity in the Cortex but not in the Hippocampus

Episodic and spatial memories engage the hippocampus during acquisition but migrate to the cerebral cortex over time. We have recently proposed that the interplay between slow-wave (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep propagates recent synaptic changes from the hippocampus to the cortex. To test this theory, we jointly assessed extracellular neuronal activity, local field potentials (LFP), and expression levels of plasticity-related immediate-early genes (IEG) arc and zif-268 in rats exposed to novel spatio-tactile experience. Post-experience firing rate increases were strongest in SWS and lasted much longer in the cortex (hours) than in the hippocampus (minutes). During REM sleep, firing rates showed strong temporal dependence across brain areas: cortical activation during experience predicted hippocampal activity in the first post-experience hour, while hippocampal activation during experience predicted cortical activity in the third post-experience hour. Four hours after experience, IEG expression was specifically upregulated during REM sleep in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Arc gene expression in the cortex was proportional to LFP amplitude in the spindle-range (10–14 Hz) but not to firing rates, as expected from signals more related to dendritic input than to somatic output. The results indicate that hippocampo-cortical activation during waking is followed by multiple waves of cortical plasticity as full sleep cycles recur. The absence of equivalent changes in the hippocampus may explain its mnemonic disengagement over time.
Predicting the Law Area and Decisions of French Supreme Court Cases

In this paper, we investigate the application of text classification methods to predict the law area and the decision of cases judged by the French Supreme Court. We also investigate the influence of the time period in which a ruling was made over the textual form of the case description and the extent to which it is necessary to mask the judge’s motivation for a ruling to emulate a real-world test scenario. We report results of 96% f1 score in predicting a case ruling, 90% f1 score in predicting the law area of a case, and 75.9% f1 score in estimating the time span when a ruling has been issued using a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier trained on lexical features.
Early Stage Graves’ Disease is Uniformly Accompanied by Orbital Immune Activity even in Patients who Fail to Develop Orbithopathy during Follow-up

Abstract Purpose Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a complication of Graves’ disease (GD), the development of which cannot be predicted at the time of diagnosis of GD. Our aims were (i) to test if orbital 99mTc-labelled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid single-photon emission computer tomography (DTPA SPECT) can predict development of GO later during the course of the disease and (ii) to study whether orbital immune activity can be detected in GD patients who do not develop GO during follow-up. Methods Fifty-four orbits of 27 patients with newly diagnosed GD were entered into the case-control study. Individuals showing signs of GO at enrolment were excluded. During the two-year follow-up, eye signs were recorded every 3 months. Orbital DTPA uptakes on SPECT images were measured when entering the study and at the end of the follow-up period, or when clinical signs of GO developed, whichever occurred first. Results During the follow-up, 6 patients (22%) were diagnosed with GO. There was no significant difference between the initial DTPA uptakes of the patients with or without later developing GO (10.45±1.72 MBq/cm3 vs. 9.18±1.18 MBq/cm3 respectively). However, the DTPA uptakes of both GD groups (ie. with and without GO) were higher than that of the control group (7.45±1.36 MBq/cm3, p<0.05). Conclusions We have shown that GD is accompanied by moderate orbital immune activity in GD patients without GO, irrespective of later development of GO. Why this orbital autoimmunity remains subclinical in the majority of the cases, and progresses into clinically detectable GO in others, remains unclear.
A stochastic model for vegetation water stress

Soil water limitations cause water‐stressed conditions in vegetation because of temporary and/or permanent damage to plant tissues. Vegetation water stress is here assumed to increase when soil moisture is below a threshold level, s*, and to decrease otherwise. The crossing properties of s* allow one to describe the temporal evolution of water stress, Φ, as a dichotomic Markov process. The available analytical solutions for dichotomic processes are used to determine the probability density function of Φ and the mean first‐passage times (MFPT) of a water stress threshold. MFTP is used as a measure of the variability of water stress. The use of MFPT in conjunction with the average stress levels allows us to provide a more complete characterization of health/stress conditions in vegetation. We investigate the influence on the dynamics of vegetation water stress of different climatic, pedological, and plant physiological parameters. From these analyses, we find, for example, that resistant species are favoured in relatively humid environments, whereas resilient shallow‐rooted plants have an advantage in drier conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated Generalization of Translation Examples

Previous work has shown that adding generalization of the examples in the corpus of an example-based machine translation (EBMT) system can reduce the required amount of pretranslated example text by as much as an order of magnitude for Spanish-English and French-English EBMT. Using word clustering to automatically generalize the example corpus can provide the majority of this improvement for French-English with no manual intervention; the prior work required a large bilingual dictionary tagged with parts of speech and the manual creation of grammar rules. By seeding the clustering with a small amount of manually-created information, even better performance can be achieved. This paper describes a method whereby bilingual word clustering can be performed using standard monolingual document clustering techniques, and its effectiveness at reducing the size of the example corpus required.
Speech repair: quick error correction just by using selection operation for speech input interfaces

In this paper, we propose a novel speech input interface function, called “Speech Repair” in which recognition errors can be easily corrected by selecting candidates. During the speech input, this function displays not only the typical speechrecognition result but also other competitive candidates. Each word in the result is separated by line segments and accompanied by other word candidates. A user who finds a recognition error can simply select the correct word from the candidates for that temporal region. In order to overcome the difficulty of generating appropriate candidates, we adopted a confusion network that can condense a huge internal word graph of a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system. In our experiments, almost all recognition errors were corrected and the effectiveness of speech repair was confirmed.
Manipulating, Deforming and Animating Sampled Object Representations

A sampled object representation (SOR) defines a graphical model using data obtained from a sampling process, which takes a collection of samples at discrete positions in space in order to capture certain geometrical and physical properties of one or more objects of interest. Examples of SORs include images, videos, volume datasets and point datasets. Unlike many commonly used data representations in computer graphics, SORs lack in geometrical, topological and semantic information, which is much needed for controlling deformation and animation. Hence it poses a significant scientific and technical challenge to develop deformation and animation methods that operate upon SORs. Such methods can enable computer graphics and computer animation to benefit enormously from the advances of digital imaging technology.
Cognitive Radio Resource Management Scheme Based on Mechanism Design and Negotiation Approach

Recently, cognitive radio technology has been a lot of attention to improve bandwidth efficiency. In this paper, we propose an adaptive bandwidth management scheme based on the mechanism design and negotiation theory. According to the user`s utility, QoS and trust value, the proposed scheme allocates total resources while dynamically controlling the selfish users. In addition, proposed scheme is able to make a control decision in a distributed manner. This approach can reduce the excessive number of operations and increased the primary user`s profit, it is practical for real world network operations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides the excellent performance than the existing schemes.
COSYSMO: A Systems Engineering Cost Model

Building on the synergy between Systems engineering and Software Engineering, we have developed a parametric model to estimate systems engineering costs. The goal of this model, called COSYSMO (Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model), is to more accurately estimate the time and effort associated with performing the system engineering tasks in complex systems. This article describes how COSYSMO was developed and summarizes its size drivers and effort multipliers. We conclude with an example estimate to illustrate the usage of the model to estimate Systems engineering cost.
Eye Tracking Indicators of Reading Approaches in Text-Picture Comprehension

Despite numerous studies on reading and multimedia comprehension, the usage of text and picture with different reading strategies has rarely become a focus of research. The current study aims to explore whether the usage of text differs from the usage of picture when readers follow different strategies of knowledge acquisition. In a within-subjects design using eye tracking, seventeen secondary school students comprehended blended text and picture materials with three different strategies. (1) Initial coherence-formation strategy, which requires students to process text and picture unguidedly. (2) Consecutive task-oriented strategy, which requires them to gather information to answer the question (which explains the task) provided after prior experience with text and picture. (3) Initial task-oriented strategy, which requires them to comprehend text and picture to solve the task equipped with the prior information about the question from the beginning. Eye tracking data showed that text and picture play different roles in these processing conditions. (1) The results are in line with the assumption that text (rather than picture) is more likely used to construct mental models in initial coherence-formation processing of text and picture. (2) Students seem to primarily rely on the picture to answer the question after the prior experience with the material with consecutive task-oriented strategy. (3) Text and picture are both used heavily when the question is presented first, enabling students to selectively process question-relevant aspects of the material at first contact.
Rapid allergen inactivation using atmospheric pressure cold plasma

Summary form only given. Exposure to environmental allergens from various sources can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, inflammable and toxic reactions. Among them, asthma is one of the most common and major human diseases that are attributable to allergen exposure. And such a problem continues to rise e.g., the asthma prevalence among children in the United States alone was indicated to have nearly doubled over the last two decades. Allergy has become a global problem, and effective control is greatly needed. Here, the inactivation effects of the atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP) on aerosolized allergens including dog allergen Can f 1, house dust mite allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1), fungal allergens (Asp f 1 and Alt a 1) as well as those from indoor and outdoor environments were investigated. The effectiveness of the APCP treatment was further studied using blood sera from the allergen sensitized humans. In addition, the allergen samples were also analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results revealed that the APCP was highly effective in reducing the allergenicity of both lab-prepared and environmental allergen aerosols. The airborne reductions were shown to range from 30% for Der p 1 to 80% for Can f 1 allergen for 0.12 s exposure. Allergnicity tests showed that the APCP treated Asp f 1 allergens caused 50% less binding with IgEs in the blood sera compared to the control. The observed allergenicity loss was due to hydroxyl radicals produced by the plasma device. The results from SDS-PAGE showed that the plasma treatment resulted in decreased size of the Asp f 1 allergen. The developed technology holds great promise in combating the allergic diseases.
Analyzing the Optimal Voltage/Frequency Pair in Fault-Tolerant Caches

When the processor works at very-low voltages to save energy, failures in SRAM cells increase exponentially at voltages below VCCmin. In this context, current SRAM-error detection and correction proposals incur on a significant performance penalty since they increase access latency and disable cache lines that cannot be corrected, so decreasing the effective cache capacity. This reduction implies more cache misses, so enlarging the execution time which, contrary to expected, can turn in higher energy consumption. This paper characterizes SRAM failures at very-low voltages and presents an evaluation methodology to analyze the impact on energy consumption of error correction approaches. To do so, several voltage/frequency pairs are studied and the optimal pair is identified from an energy point of view. To focus the research, experimental results have been obtained for the recently proposed fault-tolerant HER cache. Results show that, for a 32nm technology node, the voltage/frequency pair of 0.45V/800MHz, which induces by 31% SRAM failure rate, provides the lowest overall energy consumption (by 62% energy savings compared to a non-faulty conventional cache).