Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different studies mention diverse ways to achieve the benefits of CE [ Gerwin

The concept of Concurrent Engineering (CE) centers around the management of information so that the right information will be at the right place at the right time and in the right format. Product Data Management (PDM) aims to support a CE way of working in product development processes. In specific situations, however, it is hard to estimate the contribution of a particular PDM package to CE. This paper presents a method to assess the contribution to CE of a PDM package in a specific situation. The method uses the concept of information quality to identify the gap with CE information quality requirements. The contribution of PDM to bridge this gap is estimated. Decisions on improvement actions are supported to improve readiness for PDM as well as to improve CE. The method has been tested in a real-life situation.
Abnormal inter- and intra-hemispheric integration in male paranoid schizophrenia: a graph-theoretical analysis

Background The human brain is a complex network of regions that are structurally interconnected by white matter (WM) tracts. Schizophrenia (SZ) can be conceptualized as a disconnection syndrome characterized by widespread disconnections in WM pathways. Aims To assess whether or not anatomical disconnections are associated with disruption of the topological properties of inter- and intra-hemispheric networks in SZ. Methods We acquired the diffusion tensor imaging data from 24 male patients with paranoid SZ during an acute phase of their illness and from 24 healthy age-matched male controls. The brain FA-weighted (fractional anisotropy-weighted) structural networks were constructed and the inter- and intra-hemispheric integration was assessed by estimating the average characteristic path lengths (CPLs) between and within the left and right hemisphere networks. Results The mean CPLs for all 18 inter-and intra-hemispheric CPLs assessed were longer in the SZ patient group than in the control group, but only some of these differences were significantly different: the CPLs for the overall inter-hemispheric and the left and right intra-hemispheric networks; the CPLs for the interhemisphere subnetworks of the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and subcortical structures; and the CPL for the intra- frontal subnetwork in the right hemisphere. Among the 24 patients, the CPL of the inter-frontal subnetwork was positively associated with negative symptom severity, but this was the only significant result among 72 assessed correlations, so it may be a statistical artifact. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the integrity of intra- and inter-hemispheric WM tracts is disrupted in males with paranoid SZ, supporting the brain network disconnection model (i.e., the ‘connectivity hypothesis’) of schizophrenia. Larger studies with less narrowly defined samples of individuals with schizophrenia are needed to confirm these results.
Comparative performance analysis of field-oriented control and direct torque control for a fractional-slot concentrated winding interior permanent magnet synchronous machine

This paper presents performance analysis of a fractional-slot, concentrated, non-overlapping winding Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Synchronous Machines under two commonly used control strategies: rotor field oriented control (RFOC); and Direct Torque Control (DTC). Application of concentrated winding to IPM machine is gaining attention from research community because of its advantages such as high-power density, high efficiency, short end-turns, wider flux-weakening capability, fault tolerance, robust rotor, and presence of additional reluctance torque component. The major disadvantage of concentrated winding is non-sinusoidal magnetomotive force (MMF. However, using appropriate combination of slots and poles, sinusoidal EMF and low cogging torque can be achieved despite presence of MMF harmonics. A 14-pole/ 18-slot, double layer concentrated winding IPM machine had been designed and constructed at the University of New South Wales. Above mentioned two control schemes were applied to this constructed prototype machine. The performances of the two control schemes are compared in terms of torque and current ripple, transient responses for the step variations of speed and load under maximum torque per ampere and field weakening regions. Both RFOC and DTC are based on the dq model of the machine which assumes sinusoidal variation of MMF. The experimental result of the concentrated winding IPM machine indicates that the conventional dq model starts to deteriorate in the field-weakening region resulting in a steady-state error between estimated flux and measured flux. This paper attempts to investigate the sources of this error and causes of deterioration of the dq model. This work is a preliminary investigation for the possible improvement in the control schemes of the concentrated winding IPM machine.
Synthesis and evaluation of SHA-1 algorithm using altera SDK for OpenCL

This paper uses the Altera SDK for OpenCL (AOCL) High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tool to accelerate the computation of the SHA-1 hash function. Using FPGAs to increase throughput of this algorithm has been a popular topic in research. The work done thus far, focuses on HDL based design methodologies. The goal of this paper is to determine if the HLS implementation can compare in terms of speed to the HDL based designs. The paper presents results obtained by exploring the design space of the SHA-1 algorithm using AOCL. The FPGA accelerated program is also compared to an equivalent CPU version to measure the speedup. The HLS implementation managed to achieve a maximum throughput of 3033 Mbps. This speed is comparable to the HDL based designs in published literature. The CPU implementation has a maximum throughput of 217 Mbps, giving a 14 times speedup with the FPGA accelerated program.
Differential regulation of cell adhesive functions by integrin α subunit cytoplasmic tails in vivo

Cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN) is crucial for early vertebrate morphogenesis. In Xenopus gastrulae, several distinct integrin-dependent adhesive behaviors can be identified: adhesion of cells to FN, assembly of FN fibrils, and initiation of cell spreading and migration in response to mesoderm inducing signals. We have taken a chimeric integrin approach to investigate the role of the integrin α cytoplasmic tail in the specification of these developmentally significant adhesive functions. Cytoplasmic tail-deleted α4 constructs andα 4-ectodomain/α-cytoplasmic tail chimeras were generated and expressed in whole embryos. Normal gastrula cells lack integrin α4 and, correspondingly, are unable to adhere to the α4 ligand, the V-region of FN. The ability of α4 constructs to promote adhesive behaviors was established by placing tissue explants or dissociated cells on an FN V-region fusion protein that lacks the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)/synergy sites or treating whole embryos with antibodies that block endogenous integrin-FN interactions. We found that each α4 cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant andα -tail chimera examined could support cell attachment; however, activin induction-dependent cell spreading, mesoderm cell and explant motility, and the ability to assemble FN matrix on the blastocoel roof varied with specificα subunit tail sequences. These data suggest that α cytoplasmic tail signaling and changes in integrin activation state can regulate a variety of developmentally significant adhesive behaviors in both space and time.
Thin Films to Single Crystals: Organometal Halide Perovskite Materials for Advanced Optoelectronics

The recent emergence of perovskite materials has revolutionized the photovoltaic (PV) technology and offers solutions to contemporary energy and environmental issues. Moreover, the capabilities of single crystals are far superior to the thin film counterparts. This mini review outlines the growth parameters and crystal kinetics involved in the perovskite single crystal growth process for a superior wafer-style solar cell devices. Typically, perovskite solar cells with perovskite in the film form are attractive with their higher performance but, they degrade at faster rate, suffer immensely from a high density of traps and grain boundaries, which markedly limit the potential performance in devices. This review discusses a list of factors affecting it and provide future prospects of this thriving technology.
Organizational innovation for institutional growth: Findings from a sustained initiative at IIT Bombay

India has traditions of sustainable practices and economics, but innovations for more sustainable industrial and information society are quite challenging. Leading institutions of learning such as Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are expected to provide ideas for innovations that address vexing issues related to health and sustainability. Institutional excellence is gradually gaining importance as select IITs travel in third quarter of their journey towards century. Taking a context of IIT Bombay, we search for initiatives related to organizational innovations After considerable interactions, we select for case study a major initiative that has sustained for a quarter of a century and has potential to make impact. Based on factual data and interaction from concerned professionals we have tried to identify elements of such sustaining innovations.
A Structural/Functional Domain on Human CD36 Is Involved in the Binding of Anti-Nakα Antibodies

Summary The human CD36 antigen is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells and various tumor cell lines. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin, collagen, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and oxidized low- density lipoprotein. Individuals possessing the Naka-negative phenotype do not express CD36 and risk developing anti-CD36 isoantibodies upon blood transfusion or during pregnancy. In the present study, we have examined the interaction of an anti-Naka serum with recombinantly expressed CD36. Results obtained show that five functional CD36 monoclonal antibodies (OKM5, FA6-152, L103, ESIV-C7 and 10/5) prevent the binding of the anti-Naka serum whereas a single monoclonal antibody (13/10) has no effect. Consistent with this result, an epitope map of CD36 generated using cross-blocking experiments, indicates that the inhibitory monoclonal antibodies recognize closely- related epitopes whereas 13/10 reacts with a distinct CD36 determinant. Furthermore, we have demonstrated, in a recent study, that OKM5, FA6-152, L103 and 10/5 bind to the same CD36 domain defined by amino acids 155 to 183. Taken together, our results indicate that the 155-183 sequence is important for the binding of the anti-Naka serum to CD36 and may represent a surface-exposed, immunogenic and presumably functional region on human CD36.
Sustained expression of Hif‐1α in the diabetic environment promotes angiogenesis and cutaneous wound repair

Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is associated with deficiencies in the production of factors involved in cell proliferation and migration, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. However, it remains unclear how the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding these factors is affected by the diabetic environment. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (Hif‐1α), the regulatory subunit of the Hif‐1 transcription factor, plays an important role in activating many of these genes. Therefore, we tested whether Hif‐1α function is impaired in the diabetic wound environment and whether restoring Hif‐1 function improves wound healing. Here, we show that Hif‐1α protein levels are dramatically reduced in wounds of leptin receptor‐deficient diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic littermates. Reduction in Hif‐1α levels results in decreased DNA‐binding activity and in decreased expression of several Hif‐1 target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor, heme oxygenase‐1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sustained expression of Hif‐1α in leptin receptor‐deficient diabetic wounds restores expression of these factors, enhances angiogenesis, and significantly accelerates wound healing. Taken together, these results suggest that Hif‐1α function plays a significant role in wound healing and reduced levels of Hif‐1α may contribute to impaired healing.
Novel Genes Affecting Blood Pressure Detected Via Gene-Based Association Analysis

Hypertension is a common disorder and one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify more novel genes for blood pressure. Based on the publically available SNP-based P values of a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, we performed an initial gene-based association study in a total of 69,395 individuals. To find supplementary evidence to support the importance of the identified genes, we performed GRAIL (gene relationships among implicated loci) analysis, protein–protein interaction analysis, functional annotation clustering analysis, coronary artery disease association analysis, and other bioinformatics analyses. Approximately 22,129 genes on the human genome were analyzed for blood pressure in gene-based association analysis. A total of 43 genes were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (P < 2.3×10−6). The evidence obtained from the analyses of this study suggested the importance of ID1 (P = 2.0×10−6), CYP17A1 (P = 4.58×10−9), ATXN2 (P = 1.07×10−13), CLCN6 (P = 4.79×10−9), FURIN (P = 1.38×10−6), HECTD4 (P = 3.95×10−11), NPPA (P = 1.60×10−6), and PTPN11 (P = 8.89×10−10) in the genetic basis of blood pressure. The present study found some important genes associated with blood pressure, which might provide insights into the genetic architecture of hypertension.
Inherited defects causing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) manifests as the uncontrolled activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating multiple organs. Molecular studies of individuals with HLH have demonstrated in most of these conditions a critical role of granule‐dependent cytotoxic activity in the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis, and have allowed the characterization of key effectors regulating cytotoxic granule release. The cytolytic process may now be considered a multistep process, including cell activation; the polarization of cytotoxic granules toward the conjugated target cell; the tethering, priming, and fusion of the cytotoxic granules with the plasma membrane; and the release of their contents (perforin and granzymes) into the intercellular cleft, leading to target cell death. Cytolytic cells have a second effector function involving the production of cytokines, principally γ‐interferon, which is secreted independently of the exocytosis cytotoxic granule pathway. An analysis of the mechanisms underlying HLH has identified γ‐interferon as a key cytokine inducing uncontrolled macrophage activation, and thus represents a potential therapeutic target.
Fast (beta) rhythms in the hippocampus: A review

Spontaneous or evoked brain activity in the hippocampus showed a 20–70 Hz beta rhythm under some conditions, typically during behavioral activation and accompanied by a theta rhythm. Beta rhythms are generated locally, perhaps by a recurrent feedback loop involving pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. Modulation of the local circuit and rhythm by cholinergic inputs has also been demonstrated. Under some behavioral states, neural impulses modulated at the beta frequency may transmit preferentially through the trisynaptic circuit in the hippocampus. It is suggested that the beta rhythm may serve to establish transient physiological connections, reflected in coherence at the beta frequency, among neurons in the hippocampus and related structures. Thus, the beta rhythm may play an essential role in hippocampal function.
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe: Results from the EPIC Study

Background:Specific nutrients or foods have been inconsistently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) risks. Thus, we investigated associations between diet as a whole, as dietary patterns, and UC and CD risks. Methods:Within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) study, we set up a nested matched case–control study among 366,351 participants with inflammatory bowel disease data, including 256 incident cases of UC and 117 of CD, and 4 matched controls per case. Dietary intake was recorded at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios of developing UC and CD were calculated for quintiles of the Mediterranean diet score and a posteriori dietary patterns produced by factor analysis. Results:No dietary pattern was associated with either UC or CD risks. However, when excluding cases occurring within the first 2 years after dietary assessment, there was a positive association between a “high sugar and soft drinks” pattern and UC risk (incidence rate ratios for the fifth versus first quintile, 1.68 [1.00–2.82]; Ptrend = 0.02). When considering the foods most associated with the pattern, high consumers of sugar and soft drinks were at higher UC risk only if they had low vegetables intakes. Conclusions:A diet imbalance with high consumption of sugar and soft drinks and low consumption of vegetables was associated with UC risk. Further studies are needed to investigate whether microbiota alterations or other mechanisms mediate this association.
Multi-terminal DC wind farm collection and transmission system internal fault analysis

The multi-terminal DC wind farm is a promising topology with a voltage source inverter (VSI) connection at the onshore grid. Voltage source converters (VSCs) are robust to AC side fault conditions, however, they are vulnerable to DC faults on the farm side of the converter. This paper analyses DC faults, their transients and resulting protection issues. All kinds of fault overcurrents are analysed in detail and these contribute to protection system design. The radial wind farm topology with star or string connection is considered. The outcomes are applicable for VSCs in both the multi-VSC DC wind farm collection grid and VSC-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems for offshore wind farms.
Wave Breaking and Wave Driven Flow in the Nearshore

Abstract : The long-term goals of this research are to understand and model the spatial and temporal transformation of wave breaking in the surf zone of natural beaches, and to predict the effect of wave breaking on the forcing of mean and oscillatory flow, sediment transport, and the evolution of large scale topography. The objectives are: 1) Improved modeling of wave breaking patterns observed in the surf zone, and the effect of wave breaking on the spatial distribution of mean flow and sediment transport. (2) Develop Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) methods to measure surface currents inside and near the surf zone from video imagery of the sea surface.
Immunochemical heterogeneity of parathyroid hormone in plasma.

ABSTRACT Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of parathyroid glands and tumors and in plasmas from patients with 1°, 2° or 3° hyperparathyroidism. On serial dilution most extracts showed approximately parallel behavior in 2 or 3 different antisera. However, plasma specimens referred to the same extract as standard frequently showed greater immunoreactivity in 2 antisera (272 and 273) than in a third antiserum (C329). This anomaly was more marked in plasma from patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal insufficiency than in plasma from patients with 1° hyperparathyroidism and was exhibited by some extracts of adenomas as well. Following parathyroidectomy, the apparent disappearance of parathyroid hormone was more rapid when measured in antiserum C329 than in antiserum 273 and in both antisera was slower in patients with renal insufficiency than in patients with 1° hyperparathyroidism. These findings suggest that parathyroid hormone in human plasma is im.
International Linkages and Environmental Sustainability: The Effectiveness of the Regime Network

While the literature on environmental regime effectiveness has focused on particular regimes considered in isolation, the overall effects of the system of regimes are more relevant. First, regimes are connected because they often share institutional architecture, deal with different aspects of the same problem, frame issues using similar legal and policy principles, and are subject to attempts to coordinate across issues by groups of nations, NGOs and international agencies. Thus, the network of regimes has social capital that can be applied to particular issues. Second, owing to ecological interconnectedness, regimes can have both positive and negative side-effects on environmental issues that they do not explicitly deal with. Allowing for political interconnectedness using concepts drawn from social network theory and for ecological interconnectedness using broad measures of sustainability, this article argues that nations more central to the network of environmental regimes should score higher on measures of sustainability. This is because the social capital in the regime network can more easily be brought to bear on centrally placed nations to make them cooperate and because they are more likely to be aware of negative regime side-effects. Measures of network centrality do, indeed, positively impact on nations’ performance on four sustainability indicators. The analysis also finds that a nation's position in the general international system further positively impacts on its sustainability scores. This leads to the suggestion that the environmental regime network is supported by social capital in more general international networks.
Scheduling Multiple Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles for Target Classification by Single Human Operator

We address the problem of a single human operator in charge of monitoring multiple uninhabited aerial vehicles in a reconnaissance mission. The human operator must classify targets as they appear on video feeds from the various aircraft as friends or foes. We introduce the idea of the human monitoring a single screen and a decision aid that automatically selects the video feed to be displayed on that screen, thereby relieving the human of the cognitive burden that comes from having to choose which video feed to look at. In this setting and given that the location of the targets is unknown and the target classification must be performed in real time, the challenge addressed is the development of a scheduling strategy that selects the video feeds presented to the operator in such a way that no target is missed and all targets are looked at for a specified amount of time. We present a Linear Program formulation to this problem for the simple case of two uninhabited aerial vehicles and two equidistant targets. We develop an online algorithm that uses this Linear Program as a building block to be applied to the more general case of multiple nonequidistant targets. We further show that by enforcing a minimum distance between the targets of each uninhabited aerial vehicle, we can guarantee that a schedule is always feasible and no targets are missed. Simulation results are presented that support the validity of the proposed strategy and its advantages over simpler approaches.