Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sociology of Youth Culture and Youth Subcultures

narrative thread that the reader can follow is also needed. Both are lacking in this readable book which claims to take a 'cool look at the record industry'. Over all it bears no comparison with Dave Dachs's journalistic outline of the American industry, Anything Goes (Indianapolis, 1964), or Roland Gelatt's measured account of the development of the technology, the artists and the companies in The Fabulous Phonograph (rev. edn, New York, 1977). Nevertheless, this collection of essays does provide the 'fan in the street' with an interesting series of inside views of the British record industry. For the scholar it should provide starting-points of enquiry, areas of speculation and a source of telling quotations which relate to the experiences and operations of record industry workers. Raymond Horricks's account of recording Kenneth McKellar's album Sacred Songs (Decca SLK 4193) in Paisley Abbey in Scotland in 1967 followed by a story about the Saltcoats Caledonia Flute Band and capped by a Beecham story could not, by any stretch of the imagination, be classified as exciting. But it does provide a reference point for any examination of the work of the itinerant producer though I suspect that the music producers of the BBC would see the McKellar recording as an everyday event.
Adherence - sticking to the evidence

Adherence is an old issue in health care (Ley, 1997; Haynes et al., 1996) but an emerging one in the light of the new therapy options in HIV management (Chesney et al., 2000). The complexity of the issues associated with fine tuning treatment regimens to individuals is highlighted when it comes to HAART. The literature that has evolved has often been limited by simplistic approaches or the inability to grapple with the multiple perspectives in adherence. Adherence represents a challenge when speci c advice needs to be heeded. The literature summarizes that adherence is dif cult if the regimen is complex, if there are side effects, if the demand is long term, if the regimen interferes with daily living routines and where support and communications are non-optimum. It appears that HIV therapies represent all of these factors. The  rst array of studies speci cally on HIV simply documented adherence levels, and noted these to be wanting (Eldred et al., 1998; Ickovics et al., 1997). However the debate on what exactly constitutes adherence and how this is measured is still ongoing. In the literature predating HAART, adherence in other conditions was set at 80%—yet levels for HAART are required to be much higher. Psychological insights into adherence may help to manage and inform regiment handling. Initially it is short sighted to simply focus on the person taking the compounds without also examining the contribution made by the compound itself, the provider and the social setting. Psychological theories can be invoked to shed light on the disparate  ndings. Cognitive models would examine adherence dif culties in relation to forgetting, memory factors, recall, decision making and comprehension. From the provider perspective cognitive models would suggest a need to examine explanations, provision, communication and decision making strategies. From the compound perspective simplifying doses, colour coding, packaging and memory prompts would be relevant. Psychodynamic models may look at internal consciousness factors and explore elements such as fear, anxiety, denial, mood (Singh et al., 1996) and perhaps even relationship issues and how they link to motivation to initiate and continue treatments. Personality theories may also contribute to the explanations of adherence by way of individual or group attributes which facilitate or hinder those involved. Concepts such as self ef cacy, self esteem, resilience and commitment would be relevant. Prejudices and attitudes of providers may also feature
Partitioning of evaporative water loss in white-winged doves: plasticity in response to short-term thermal acclimation

SUMMARY We investigated changes in the relative contributions of respiratory evaporative water loss (REWL) and cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL) to total evaporative water loss (TEWL) in response to short-term thermal acclimation in western white-winged doves Zenaida asiatica mearnsii. We measured REWL, CEWL, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in a partitioned chamber using flow-through respirometry. In doves housed for 2-4 weeks in a room heated to ca. 43°C during the day, TEWL increased from 5.5±1.3 mg g-1 h-1 at an air temperature (Ta) of 35°C to 19.3±2.5 mg g-1 h-1 at Ta=45°C. In doves housed at room temperature for the same period, TEWL increased from 4.6±1.1 mg g-1 h-1 at Ta=35°C to 16.1±4.6 mg g-1 h-1 at Ta=45°C. The CEWL of heat-acclimated doves increased from 3.6±1.2 mg g-1 h-1 (64% of TEWL) at 35°C to 15.0±2.1 mg g-1 h-1 (78% of TEWL) at Ta=45°C. Cool-acclimated doves exhibited more modest increases in CEWL, from 2.7±0.7 mg g-1 h-1 at Ta=35°C to 7.8±3.4 mg g-1 h-1 at Ta=45°C, with the contribution of CEWL to TEWL averaging 53% over this Ta range. Cool-acclimated doves became mildly hyperthermic (body temperature Tb=42.9±0.4°C) and expended 35% more energy relative to heat-acclimated doves (Tb=41.9±0.6°C) at Ta=45°C, even though TEWL in the two groups was similar. In each of the two groups, metabolic rate did not vary with Ta, and averaged 7.1±0.5 mW g-1 in cool-acclimated doves and 6.3±0.8 mW g-1 in heat-acclimated doves. The differences in TEWL partitioning we observed between the two experimental groups resulted from a consistently lower skin water vapour diffusion resistance (rv) in the heat-acclimated doves. At Ta=45°C, rv in the cool-acclimated doves was 120±81 s cm-1, whereas rv in the heat-acclimated doves was 38±8 s cm-1. Our data reveal that in Z. a. mearnsii, TEWL partitioning varies in response to short-term thermal acclimation.
mRNA structure, in situ, as assessed by microscopic techniques

The secondary and tertiary structure of RNA, in situ, is thought to be involved in distinct functions such as directing association of the RNA with the cytoskeleton, enzymatic activity of some RNAs, and the control of translation. In situ transcription (IST), a procedure by which cDNA is synthesized in situ, has been used to assess mRNA structure in situ using fixed cells or tissues. Distinct banding patterns were noted for mouse and rat POMC. Unique IST banding patterns were observed when an oligonucleotide complementary to a putative POMC stem‐loop structure was used to prime IST. Indeed local changes in banding patterns could be elicited by pharmacological agents which modulate POMC translation. Inhibition of POMC synthesis with NaF or dexamethasone decreased the number of POMC mRNAs in the polysome fractions and increased the intensity of high molecular weight IST‐derived bands. Forskolin, a stimulator of POMC synthesis, had the opposite effect. One mechanism by which translational control is thought to occur is by regulation of ribosome movement down the mRNA by specific binding of cytosolic proteins to RNA structure. Cytosolic protein fractions from AtT20 pituitary cells have been shown to specifically bind to the IST‐predicted RNA structure. These findings suggest that 1) mRNA structure can be assessed in situ, 2) translation may be altered by the secondary and tertiary structure of mRNAs, and 3) a predicted stem‐loop structure exists in situ in the 5′‐end of POMC mRNA. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemokine gene expression in iris-ciliary body during experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis

Purpose. To evaluate, through differential gene expression of chemokines in iris-ciliary body (I/CB), the extent to which leukocyte recruitment to the ocular anterior segment participates in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in mice. Methods. B10.A mice were immunized with 50 µg of inter-photoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. Aqueous humor (AqH) was collected at 0, 11, 17, and 28 days and assayed for leukocyte content and protein levels. Enucleated eyes were subjected to histologic analysis. Chemokine gene expression in I/CB was determined at these same time points by a multiprobe ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) system. Results. Inflammation was detected in the anterior chamber (AC) at 11 days and leukocyte recruitment continued thereafter. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were the predominant cell type in the AC, whereas macrophages/ monocytes and lymphocytes were predominant in the retina/subretinal space at 17 days. Peak gene expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1ß, and MIP-2 and interferon- ? -inducible protein of 10kd (IP-10) was detected in I/CB on day 11, whereas peak expression of RANTES and eotaxin was observed at 17 days. Conclusions. Early I/CB peak expression of mRNA for MIP-2 followed by PMN recruitment into the AC, suggests that PMN may play an important role in EAU pathogenesis.
Right, left, and center: How does cerebral asymmetry mix with callosal connectivity?

Background: Prior research has shown that cerebral asymmetry is associated with differences in corpus callosum connectivity. Such associations were detected in histological and anatomical studies investigating callosal fiber size and density, in neuroimaging investigations based on structural and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as in neuropsychological experiments. However, little is known about typical associations between these factors, and even less about the relative influences of magnitude and direction of cerebral asymmetries. Here, we investigated relationships between callosal connectivity and cerebral asymmetry using precise measures of callosal thickness and selected cerebral structures. We considered both the direction and magnitude of the asymmetries. Methods: Associations between cerebral asymmetry and callosal thickness were investigated in 348 cognitively healthy older individuals. Results: The magnitude and direction of cerebral lateralization were significant independent predictors of callosal thickness. However, associations were small. Leftward asymmetry and increased magnitude of asymmetry were generally associated with increased callosal thickness, mostly in the callosal midbody and isthmus. Conclusions: When a large sample of normal individuals is considered, cerebral asymmetries are only subtly associated with callosal thickness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Using Indirect Language by a Robot to Change Human Attitudes

The use of indirect language is considered useful for persuading people in human communication. The aim of this research is to determine whether this also occurs within human-robot interaction. Thus, it is hypothesized that indirect language will have greater influence in attitude changes towards a product in comparison to direct language. A seven-point semantic differential scale was employed to measure participants attitude changes towards a product advertised by a Nao Robot using either direct or indirect speech. Results showed no significant differences between the direct and indirect language experimental conditions. This may indicate that in human-robot interaction indirect language may not function similarly as it does in human communication. A larger sample size and improvements in stimuli are suggested for future works.
si Predicate LSTMs Argument LSTMs Selector Vector Transfer Copy Concatenate Pointwise Add Legend

Cross-lingual open information extraction is the task of distilling facts from the source language into representations in the target language. We propose a novel encoder-decoder model for this problem. It employs a novel selective decoding mechanism, which explicitly models the sequence labeling process as well as the sequence generation process on the decoder side. Compared to a standard encoder-decoder model, selective decoding significantly increases the performance on a Chinese-English cross-lingual open IE dataset by 3.87-4.49 BLEU and 1.91-5.92 F1. We also extend our approach to low-resource scenarios, and gain promising improvement.
An Evaluation of Risk Factors Related to Employment Outcomes for Youth With Disabilities

This study explores non-modifiable risk factors associated with poor post-school competitive employment outcomes for students with disabilities. A classification tree analysis was used with a sample of 2,900 students who were in the second National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2) up to 6 years following school exit to identify groups of youth with poor employment outcomes based on characteristics that are unable to be modified through an intervention. Post-school employment was related to the disability characteristics of the student (disability type, ability to understand what is being said, general health status), family characteristics (yearly income, community setting), and youth characteristics (race). The classification tree analysis identified four groups of students who were at greatest risk for poor outcomes. Future research will be directed toward modifiable variables that mitigate risks for those groups that may potentially lead to school- and home-based interventions.
Experience with distributed processing on a host/satellite graphics system

The problem cf distributing an application between two processors has been investigated by studying an interactive graphics application that is divided between a time-shared host computer and a dedicated satellite system. The division of labor in the application is determined by a network flow assignment algorithm. The effect of variation in availability of the host computer on the distribution of the application is also studied. In particular, host availability is an important factor in determining the task distribution. As host availability decreased, procedures miqrate from the host to the satellite.
Minimizing ISP Network Energy Cost: Formulation and Solutions

According to several studies, the power consumption of the Internet accounts for up to 10% of the worldwide energy consumption and is constantly increasing. The global consciousness on this problem has also grown, and several initiatives are being put into place to reduce the power consumption of the ICT sector in general. In this paper, we face the problem of minimizing power consumption for Internet service provider (ISP) networks. In particular, we propose and assess strategies to concentrate network traffic on a minimal subset of network resources. Given a telecommunication infrastructure, our aim is to turn off network nodes and links while still guaranteeing full connectivity and maximum link utilization constraints. We first derive a simple and complete formulation, which results into an NP-hard problem that can be solved only for trivial cases. We then derive more complex formulations that can scale up to middle-sized networks. Finally, we provide efficient heuristics that can be used for large networks. We test the effectiveness of our algorithms on both real and synthetic topologies, considering the daily fluctuations of Internet traffic and different classes of users. Results show that the power savings can be significant, e.g., larger than 35%.
The student-institution fit at university: interactive effects of academic competition and social class on achievement goals

As compared to continuing-generation students, first-generation students are struggling more at university. In the present article, we question the unconditional nature of such a phenomenon and argue that it depends on structural competition. Indeed, most academic departments use harsh selection procedure all throughout the curriculum, fostering between-student competition. In these departments, first-generation students tend to suffer from a lack of student-institution fit, that is, inconsistencies with the competitive institution’s culture, practices, and identity. However, one might contend that in less competitive academic departments continuing-generation students might be the ones experiencing a lack of fit. Using a cross-sectional design, we investigated the consequences of such a context- and category-dependent lack of fit on the endorsement of scholastically adaptive goals. We surveyed N = 378 first- and continuing-generation students from either a more competitive or a less competitive department in their first or final year of bachelor’s study. In the more competitive department, first-to-third year decrease of mastery goals (i.e., the desire to learn) was found to be steeper for first- than for continuing-generation students. In the less competitive department, the reversed pattern was found. Moreover, first-to-third year decrease of performance goals (i.e., the desire to outperform others) was found to be steeper within the less competitive department but did not depend on social class. This single-site preliminary research highlights the need to take the academic context into account when studying the social class graduation gap.
LAMP: A Locally Adapting Matching Pursuit Framework for Group Sparse Signatures in Ultra-Wide Band Radar Imaging

It has been found that radar returns of extended targets are not only sparse but also exhibit a tendency to cluster into randomly located, variable sized groups. However, the standard techniques of Compressive Sensing as applied in radar imaging hardly considers the clustering tendency into account while reconstructing the image from the compressed measurements. If the group sparsity is taken into account, it is intuitive that one might obtain better results both in terms of accuracy and time complexity as compared to the conventional recovery techniques like Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). In order to remedy this, techniques like Block OMP have been used in the existing literature. An alternate approach is via reconstructing the signal by transforming into the Hough Transform Domain where they become point-wise sparse. However, these techniques essentially assume specific size and structure of the groups and are not always effective if the exact characteristics of the groups are not known, prior to reconstruction. In this manuscript, a novel framework that we call locally adapting matching pursuit (LAMP) have been proposed for efficient reconstruction of group sparse signals from compressed measurements without assuming any specific size, location, or structure of the groups. The recovery guarantee of the LAMP and its superiority compared to the existing algorithms has been established with respect to accuracy, time complexity and flexibility in group size. LAMP has been successfully used on a real-world, experimental data set.
Expression of nuclear lamin A and muscle-specific proteins in differentiating muscle cells in ovo and in vitro

Primary cultures and tissue samples of chicken embryonic muscle were immunologically probed for the expression of muscle-specific proteins, such as myosin heavy chain and the tropomyosins, as well as for the nuclear lamina protein, lamin A. As determined by quantitative immunoblotting, the expression of lamin A and the muscle-specific proteins were at low levels or absent in predifferentiation myoblasts both in vitro and in ovo. During differentiation, an increase of lamin A expression preceded the induction to high levels of expression of muscle-specific proteins. Immunofluorescence staining of chicken embryonic muscle cells in culture also indicates an accumulation of lamin A before the induction of muscle-specific proteins expression. Furthermore, the accumulation of lamin A reached a plateau before the muscle-specific proteins during muscle development. In two dimensional NEPHGE gel analysis of immunoprecipitated lamin A, no detectable change in the ratio of the acidic/basic isoelectric variants of lamin A was observed during myogenesis. A potential role for lamin A in the mechanisms which underlie the differential and coordinate expression of muscle-specific genes is proposed.
DiegoLab16 at SemEval-2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter using Centroids, Clusters, and Sentiment Lexicons

We present our supervised sentiment classiﬁ-cation system which competed in SemEval-2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. Our system employs a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classiﬁer trained using a number of features including n-grams, synset expansions, various sentiment scores, word clusters, and term centroids. Using weighted SVMs, to address the issue of class imbalance, our system obtains positive class F-scores of 0.694 and 0.650, and negative class F-scores of 0.391 and 0.493 over the training and test sets, respectively.
Language dominance and culture dominance: L2 acquisition, L1 maintenance, and culture identification among Russian immigrants in the U.S.

This dissertation investigated the extent of L2 (English) acquisition and L1 (Russian) maintenance of two age groups of Russian immigrants in the US and examined the relationship between participants’ current language dominance and culture dominance. The study also aimed at enhancing theoretical knowledge about the methodology of assessing language and culture dominance and at establishing which of the measures used here (self-reports of language proficiency, three lexical fluency tests, writing tasks, and a culture questionnaire) are the most accurate and practical for determining the more dominant language and culture. In addition to quantitative data, interviews provided insights into the participants' views and opinions on their language and culture and were used to supplement the statistical results with personal comments. The results indicate a surprisingly high level of first language and culture maintenance in the younger group together with highly successful L2 acquisition and acculturation, marking this group as rather balanced bilingually and bi-culturally. The older participants, on the other hand, clearly maintain dominance in both Russian language and Russian culture. Significant correlations established between different language proficiency measures carry methodological importance for future studies.
Targeting protein geranylgeranylation slows tumor development in a murine model of prostate cancer metastasis

ABSTRACT The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP) plays a critical role in providing substrates and enzymes necessary for the post-translational modification and thus activation of a number of proteins involved in prostate cancer metastasis. Previous work by our lab found novel compound disodium [(6Z,11E,15E)-9-[bis(sodiooxy)phosphoryl]−17-hydroxy-2,6,12,16-tetramethyheptadeca-2,6,11,15-tetraen-9-yl]phosphonate (GGOHBP), which inhibits the IBP enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), reduced protein geranylgeranylation without altering protein farnesylation. This activity significantly reduced adrenal gland tumor burden in a murine model of human prostate cancer metastasis which relied on treatment of established disease. The present study determined the ability of GGDPS inhibition to slow the development of prostate cancer metastasis in a preventative murine model. Using tail vein injection of human derived PC-3 prostate cancer cells 4 d after initiating daily GGOHBP or vehicle treatments, we found GGOHBP significantly reduced whole body tumor burden, significantly slowed the development of tumors, and prolonged overall survival as compared to vehicle treated animals. The observed reduction in soft tissue tumor burden corresponded to a biochemical reduction in Rap1A geranylgeranylation, which for prostate cancer is important in its own merit and which serves as a surrogate marker for Rho family, i.e. Rac, protein modification. This effect was present in all treated mice pointing to strong target engagement, which was not observed in non-tumor burdened tissues or control mice. Our findings reiterate a role for protein geranylgeranylation in the development of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo.