Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-Aneurysmal Pressure and Flow Changes Induced by Flow Diverters: Relation to Aneurysm Size and Shape

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Effects of blood flow modification by flow diverters are observed to lead often to aneurysm thrombosis and reverse remodeling. For this process, to further understand the potential roles of intra-aneurysmal blood pressure changes and aneurysm morphologies, 23 patients were studied by numeric simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D imaging of aneurysms of different sizes and shapes, all located at the supraclinoid segment of the ICA (n = 23), was prepared for CFD simulations. Hemodynamic variables were calculated for conditions before and after virtual FD implantation, reconstituting a vessel wall scaffold across the aneurysm neck. WSS, velocity, residence time, turnover time, and intra-aneurysmal pressure were assessed statistically. RESULTS: After placement of FDs, significant reductions inside the aneurysm were observed for most hemodynamic variables (P < .01) except mean intra-aneurysmal pressures. For minimum/maximum intra-aneurysmal pressure values, small but significant changes were found; however, they were considered too small to be of relevance. CONCLUSIONS: Calculations in 23 cases did not reveal significant intra-aneurysmal mean or peak pressure changes, indicating a minor role of pressure changes in the rare event of secondary ruptures after FD use. Other hemodynamic variables (WSS and velocity) exhibited more significant changes, indicating their role in intra-aneurysmal thrombus formation. Size-dependent, significantly higher reduction in WSS (P = .069) and velocity (P = .013) was observed in small aneurysms compared with larger ones. When it came to shape, there were significantly higher reductions in WSS (P = .055) and velocity (P = .065) and a significantly higher increase in turnover time in fusiform aneurysms compared with saccular aneurysms.
Application of EFUNN for the Classification of Handwritten Digits

Handwritten digits classification has many useful applications. This has prompted decades of research into algorithms to produce an effective system of classifying handwritten images into text. Image processing and feature extraction play a large role in this process. An intelligent system is one, which is taught, and one, which uses this learning for classification effectively. The neuro-fuzzy model of Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network (EFuNN) is used for this purpose. This paper aims to analyse and obtain the optimal number of features that will produce the most effective classification using EFuNN.
On the representation of regional characteristics by hydrographic measurements at central stations in four deep basins of the Baltic Sea

Abstract. In this work the eddy resolving data sets of salinity, temperature, and oxygen content aquired in the framework of the German-Russian project MESODYN (MESOscale DYNamics) in the Arkona Basin, the Bornholm Basin, the Stolpe Furrow, and the Eastern Gotland Basin during summer and winter stratification situations are utilized to examine to which extent the observations at the central monitoring stations within these basins are representative for the spatial mean state of the corresponding region with respect to comparative monitoring purposes of the whole Baltic Sea. The investigation covers profiles of salinity, potential temperature, oxygen content, potential density, and squared buoyancy or Brunt-Vaisala frequency. Moreover, some parameters of the halocline, namely its depth, thickness, and upper and lower boundaries, and the first baroclinic Rossby radii are subject to the investigation. The profiles match best for the squared buoyancy or Brunt-Vaisala frequency. The profiles of salinity match best in the Eastern Gotland Basin and worst in the Arkona Basin both for summer and winter stratification situations. The overall agreement for the halocline parameters is good. The baroclinic Rossby radii match their spatial mean values well, if the depth range considered for their calculation is restricted to the mean depth in each region at the bottom side. In doing so they also match the spatial mean values of the first baroclinic Rossby radii calculated considering the whole depth range at each station. Overall, the regional characteristics of the investigated quantities and parameters are represented well by the hydrographic measurements at the central stations in the four regions in spite of some significant differences between the spatial mean states and the observations at the central stations. In particular, the observations at the central stations seem to be usefull for comparisons between these regions. However, the observed differences may affect regional investigations covering just a single region.
Urban Stormwater Temperature Surges: A Central US Watershed Study

Impacts of urban land use can include increased stormwater runoff temperature (Tw) leading to receiving water quality impairment. There is therefore a need to target and mitigate sources of thermal pollution in urban areas. However, complex relationships between urban development, stormwater runoff and stream water heating processes are poorly understood. A nested-scale experimental watershed study design was used to investigate stormwater runoff temperature impacts to receiving waters in a representative mixed-use urbanizing watershed of the central US. Daily maximum Tw exceeded 35.0 °C (threshold for potential mortality of warm-water biota) at an urban monitoring site for a total of five days during the study period (2011–2013). Sudden increases of more than 1.0 °C within a 15 min time interval of Tw following summer thunderstorms were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p < 0.01) to cumulative percent urban land use (r2 = 0.98; n = 29). Differences in mean Tw between monitoring sites were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p = 0.02) to urban land use practices, stream distance and increasing discharge. The effects of the 2012 Midwest USA drought and land use on Tw were also observed with maximum Tw 4.0 °C higher at an urban monitoring site relative to a rural site for 10.5 h. The current work provides quantitative evidence of acute increases in Tw related to urban land use. Results better inform land managers wishing to create management strategies designed to preserve suitable thermal stream habitats in urbanizing watersheds.
Factors Influencing the Inflation of Task Performance Ratings for Workers With Disabilities and Contextual Performance Ratings for Their Coworkers

Contrary to many myths regarding their potential performance, workers with disabilities generally receive performance ratings similar to their nondisabled coworkers. However, their ratings possibly may be inflated above their actual performance levels. In a laboratory experiment, we constrained the performance of a worker with a disability to an extremely low level and assessed the effects of helping behavior, presence and type of disability in the worker, and the perceived attributions of controllability of the disability on task performance ratings for the workers with disabilities and on contextual performance ratings for their coworkers. We found that the perception that a worker is not responsible for the onset of a disability and that having any disability, regardless of type, artificially inflates task performance ratings. We also found inflated contextual performance ratings for coworkers who work with persons who are perceived as being responsible for the onset of their own disability.
Factors associated with acute respiratory infection in children under the age of 5 years: evidence from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

Background Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) remains the major cause of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Various factors are associated with its occurrence and vary by context. However, available large-scale, population-based data are not fully exploited to identify locally relevant risk factors. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with ARI in children under the age of 5 years in Ethiopia. Methods Further analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey was carried out involving 11,645 children under the age of 5 years and their mothers. Information relevant to the current study was extracted from the main data set and a working data set was prepared. A complex survey logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Acute ARI in this study was associated with severe malnutrition. Children who were severely wasted were highly likely to develop ARI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.5). ARI was less likely to occur in children from families with an educated father and professional mother (AOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.6 and AOR 0.1; 95% CI 0.01–0.6, respectively). Conclusion Malnourished children from a lower socioeconomic category are more likely to suffer from ARI. Targeting disadvantaged children for effective interventions can help reduce the burden of morbidity and death due to ARI.
Audiovisual Voice Activity Detection Based on Microphone Arrays and Color Information

Audiovisual voice activity detection is a necessary stage in several problems, such as advanced teleconferencing, speech recognition, and human-computer interaction. Lip motion and audio analysis provide a large amount of information that can be integrated to produce more robust audiovisual voice activity detection (VAD) schemes, as we discuss in this paper. Lip motion is very useful for detecting the active speaker, and in this paper we introduce a new approach for lips and visual VAD. First, the algorithm performs skin segmentation to reduce the search area for lip extraction, and the most likely lip and non-lip regions are detected using a Bayesian approach within the delimited area. Lip motion is then detected using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) that estimate the likely occurrence of active speech within a temporal window. Audio information is captured by an array of microphones, and the sound-based VAD is related to finding spatio-temporally coherent sound sources through another set of HMMs. To increase the robustness of the proposed system, a late fusion approach is employed to combine the result of each modality (audio and video). Our experimental results indicate that the proposed audiovisual approach presents better results when compared to existing VAD algorithms.
Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (Report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood)

Summary During the 1970s, despite apparently similar treatment, the prognosis for children with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) improved more in some countries, notably the United States and West Germany, than in others. To find out why, the first phase of the United Kingdom (UK) Medical Research Council (MRC) childhood ALL trial, UKALL VIII, was designed to see whether similar results to the United States Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) could be obtained in the U.K. using an identical protocol (CCG 162). Protocol 162 was one of a series of regimens devised by the American Children's Cancer Study Group in the 1970s and was used specifically for their average risk patients (all children with ALL with an initial white cell count up to 50 × 109/l except those aged 3–6 years with white cell counts under 10 × 109/l). One arm (1A) of their study was adopted by the MRC for all children in the U.K. aged 0–14 years with confirmed ALL.
HPLC determination of chlorate metabolism in bovine ruminal fluid

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are two bacteria that are important causes of human and animal disease worldwide. Chlorate is converted in the cell to chlorite, which is lethal to these bacteria. An HPLC procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of chlorate (ClO3 −), nitrate (NO3 −), and nitrite (NO2 −) ions in bovine ruminal fluid samples. Standard curves for chlorite, nitrite, nitrate, and chlorate were well defined linear curves with R2 values of 0.99846, 0.99106, 0.99854, and 0.99138, respectively. Concentrations of chlorite could not be accurately determined in bovine ruminal fluid because chlorite reacts with or binds a component(s) or is reduced to chloride in bovine ruminal fluid resulting in low chlorite measurements. A standard curve ranging from 25 to 150 ppm ClO3 − ion was used to measure chlorate fortified into ruminal fluid. The concentration of chlorate was more rapidly lowered (P < 0.01) under anaerobic compared to aerobic incubation conditions. Chlorate alone or chlorate supplemented with the reductants sodium lactate or glycerol were bactericidal in anaerobic incubations. In anaerobic culture, the addition of sodium formate to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid appeared to decrease chlorate concentrations; however, formate also appeared to moderate the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli. Addition of the reductants, glycerol or lactate, to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid did not increase the killing of E. coli at 24 h, but may be useful when the reducing equivalents are limiting as in waste holding reservoirs or composting systems required for intense animal production. §Mention of trade names, proprietary products, or specific equipment is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not constitute a guarantee, warranty or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.
Identification of Bicluster Regions in a Binary Matrix and Its Applications

Biclustering has emerged as an important approach to the analysis of large-scale datasets. A biclustering technique identifies a subset of rows that exhibit similar patterns on a subset of columns in a data matrix. Many biclustering methods have been proposed, and most, if not all, algorithms are developed to detect regions of “coherence” patterns. These methods perform unsatisfactorily if the purpose is to identify biclusters of a constant level. This paper presents a two-step biclustering method to identify constant level biclusters for binary or quantitative data. This algorithm identifies the maximal dimensional submatrix such that the proportion of non-signals is less than a pre-specified tolerance δ. The proposed method has much higher sensitivity and slightly lower specificity than several prominent biclustering methods from the analysis of two synthetic datasets. It was further compared with the Bimax method for two real datasets. The proposed method was shown to perform the most robust in terms of sensitivity, number of biclusters and number of serotype-specific biclusters identified. However, dichotomization using different signal level thresholds usually leads to different sets of biclusters; this also occurs in the present analysis.
The Relationship Among Peer Acceptance, Social Impact, and Academic Achievement in Middle Childhood

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of academic achievement to four categories of social status including popular, rejected, isolated, and amiable, and to the variables of peer acceptance and social impact. Subjects were 145 elementary school children, grades 3 through 6. The children responded to a questionnaire designed to assess peer acceptance as well as rejection. Data consisted of (a) acceptance scores based on the predominance of either acceptance or rejection responses from peers and (b) social impact scores based on the number of children who mentioned a given child either positively or negatively. These scores were correlated with each child’s Iowa Test of Basic Skills composite score. Pooled-within correlations indicated that acceptance correlated positively and significantly with academic achievement, whereas social impact correlated negatively and significantly with achievement. Children above average in achievement were significantly more often considered amiable or popular than rejected or isolated. They were just as likely to be considered amiable as popular. Students below average in achievement were significantly more often rejected than were above average students. When they were given positive mention, these youngsters were more often considered amiable than popular.
Ziegler-Nichol's method of online tuning of PMSM for improved transient response

Tuning of PID controllers is one of the important ways to achieve desired performance of a system. PMSM drives are the upcoming parts in the field of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, etc., Many methods are available for the tuning of PID controllers. In this paper an online tuning of PID controllers using Zeigler-Nichol's method for PMSM drives is presented to improve the transient response of the drive. A conventional PID controller is also used to control the machine. These two methods are compared with respect to their transient response, i.e., with respect to their settling times. It is found that the Zeigler-Nichol's method gives much improved transient response than the other. The transfer function of the PMSM is obtained from its state model defined in d-q-o model which is made use in the simulation. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation and the results are also shown.
Blind Despreading of Short-Code DS-CDMA Signals with Bayesian Techniques

This paper introduces an algorithm for joint spreading codes and information sequences estimation based on reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJ-MCMC) for direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in non-cooperative systems, by analyzing signal model. The proposed algorithm establishes a joint posterior distribution model of signal parameters and user number, and obtains the samples of distribution to be estimated through iterative sampling. The algorithm is able to construct a reversible Markov chain sampler that jumps between parameter subspaces of different dimensionality, so that the posterior distribution of parameters to be estimated is obtained. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be applied to low SNR with equal or unequal power and to different user number. Moreover, the estimation perfor-mance of this algorithm is a significant improvement of the existing method.
Investment and repayment in a trust game after ventromedial prefrontal damage

Although trust and reciprocity are ubiquitous in social exchange, their neurobiological substrate remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)—a brain region critical for valuing social information—on individuals’ decisions in a trust game and in a risk game. In the trust game, one player, the investor, is endowed with a sum of money, which she can keep or invest. The amount she decides to invest is tripled and sent to the other player, the trustee, who then decides what fraction to return to the investor. In separate runs, ten patients with focal bilateral damage to the vmPFC and control participants made decision while playing in the role of either investor or trustee with different anonymous counterparts in each run. A risk game was also included in which the investor faced exactly the same decisions as in the trust game, but a random device (i.e., a computer), not another player, determined the final payoffs. Results showed that vmPFC patients’ investments were not modulated by the type of opponent player (e.g., human vs. computer) present in the environment. Thus, vmPFC patients showed comparable risk-taking preferences both in social (trust game) and nonsocial (risk game) contexts. In stark contrast, control participants were less willing to take risk and invest when they believed that they were interacting with people than a computer. Furthermore, when acted as trustee, vmPFC patients made lower back transfers toward investors, thereby showing less reciprocity behavior. Taken together, these results indicate that social valuation and emotion subserved by vmPFC have a critical role in trusting and reciprocity decisions. The present findings support the hypothesis that vmPFC damage may impair affective systems specifically designed for mediating social transaction with other individuals.
Educational Environment and the Development of Moral Concepts

Abstract: Groups of twenty children, aged between 6 years, 7 months and 11 years, 3 months, attending either a traditional Catholic school or a Freinet school were compared on judgments involving moral concepts. Subjects in the two groups were matched for age, IQ, sex, school grade, religious affiliation, fathers’ occupational level, number of siblings and birth order. Moral conflict stories differed in the presence or absence of authority figures and peers, and were set either in the home or the school. Children attending the Freinet school exhibited the more advanced moral judgments for all stories combined. Stories involving peers only elicited more mature judgments than those involving authority figures. Freinet schools encourage democratic group self‐discipline and provide many and varied role‐taking opportunities. The results suggest that such practices accelerate moral development.
A Critique of Knowledge-Based Economies: A Case Study of Singapore Education Stakeholders

This article critically examines the sense-making processes of key stakeholders of Singapore's education: a historically dominant city-state, highly-qualified teachers, and high-performing students. The article interrogates the Teaching Schools Learning Nation policy initiative deployed toward achieving a knowledge-based economy. The article uses micropolitics in exploring issues that stakeholders face in the midst of globalization. Findings from research at the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice at the National Institute of Education support key arguments. In exploring sense-making processes, the article uncovers paradoxical interpretational responses of stakeholders implementing the Teaching Schools Learning Nation policy, providing a critique of the city-state's knowledge-based economy ambitions.
The Mind Over the Web: The Quest for the Definition of a Method for Internet Research

Psychology is increasingly interested in understanding the characteristics of the Internet and its effects on people, groups and organizations. However, studying the Internet is not a simple task. First, the Internet is a medium that can be experienced in many different ways. Though a computer and keyboard are usually the mediator of our Internet experience, there are different ways in which users can explore the Internet, present themselves, and communicate using it. Second, the Internet is a social and cognitive space. The handling of information is linked to the activation of psychosocial relationships in which cognitions are elaborated. This happens inside a rather special kind of container--Cyberspace--which tends to rarefy the structural and process features of communication. Third, the Internet experience is always situated in a specific context, even when we are chatting alone in a room. In this sense it can only be fully understood through detailed analysis of the social context in which it happens. Starting from a general three-level model of interpersonal interaction in the Web, this paper tries to define a model of data analysis (Complementary Explorative Multilevel Data Analysis--CEMDA) suited to the constraints of Internet research. The main characteristics of the model are: the focus on different frames and objects for each considered unit of research; the mixed use of quantitative and qualitative tools; and the final integration of results in a general framework.