Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Future Mobile Communication From Cooperative Cells to the Post-Cellular Relay Carpet

The increasing demand for ubiquitous data service sets high expectations on future cellular networks. They should not only provide data rates that are higher by orders of magnitude than today’s systems, but also have to guarantee high coverage and reliability. Thereby, sophisticated interference management is inevitable. The focus of this work is to develop cooperative transmission schemes that can be applied to cellular networks of the next generation and beyond. For this, conventional network architectures and communication protocols have to be challenged and new concepts need to be developed. Starting from cellular networks with base station (BS) cooperation, this thesis investigates how classical network architectures can evolve to future networks in which the mobile stations (MSs) are no longer served by BSs in their close vicinity, but by a dynamic and ﬂexible heterogeneity of diﬀerent nodes. Based on recent information theoretic results, we develop a practical and robust linear BS cooperation scheme based on block zero-forcing in a limited area (BS cluster) and an approximation of the residual interference with which a convex optimization problem can be formulated and eﬃciently be solved. The transmission scheme is then extended to heterogeneous networks that can also include remote radio heads and/or decode-and-forward (DF) relays. While such relays can improve coverage range as well as the data rates in interference limited areas, they need to be involved in the cooperation process and have to exchange signals with their cooperation partners (e.g. BSs), what makes the relays rather complex. Amplify-and-forward (AF) relays of low complexity that cooperate in a distributed fashion are therefore an attractive alternative. With properly selected ampliﬁcation gains, such AF relays can cancel interference and assist the communication between BSs and MSs. In order to ﬁnd appropriate ampliﬁcation factors, we develop a distributed gradient-based optimization algorithm that allows each node to calculate its factors with local channel state information (CSI) only, even when applied to multi-hop setups. We show that the overhead of the scheme does not scale with the number of involved nodes and that it can be further improved by subcarrier cooperation, i.e. when signals are combined over multiple subcarriers.
Chemomodulation of the antioxidative enzymes and peroxidative damage in the colon of 1,2‐dimethyl hydrazine‐induced rats by ellagicacid

Prevention of cancer remains a primary need and new chemopreventive agents must be developed for this purpose. Toward this goal, a chemopreventive study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid (EA) against 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH‐) induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental rats. Rats were administered with DMH (20mg/kg body weight) subcutaneous injection once a week for 15 weeks and were supplemented with EA (60 mg/kg body weight/day orally). In the present study, the efficacy of EA on the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activities of enzymic and non‐enzymic antioxidants in DMH‐induced colon‐cancer‐bearing rats were assessed. After the experimental period, frequency of ACF, levels of LPO were found to be increased, whereas a significant decrease in the activities of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione‐S‐transferase) and non‐enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) were observed in DMH‐induced rats. Supplementation of EA attenuated all these alterations to near normal levels, which indicates the anti‐carcinogenic efficacy of EA. This effect was further confirmed by histopathological studies. The results obtained in the present study suggest EA as an effective chemopreventive agent on colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La verbalisation du calcul interprétatif et de l’incertitude en français et en anglais : approche comparative et interculturelle

Cette etude sur les marqueurs linguistiques de l’inference fait partie d’un projet plus large « De la perception a la production orale », dont le but est d’identifier les liens entre la comprehension et les procedes de production et en particulier d’identifier les sources de difficultes pour les apprenants francais d’anglais langue seconde.Dans le prolongement de l’article precedent publie dans ce volume par Poussard, Vincent-Durroux and David, cette etude s'appuie sur une version elargie du meme corpus. En effet, des locuteurs natifs de francais et d'anglais ont ete soumis a la meme experience. Les entretiens reposent sur une discussion a partir du meme extrait tire d’un film en langue anglaise (double en francais pour l’entretien francais-francais). L'article compare les choix linguistiques et discursifs des locuteurs dans leurs langues maternelles respectives (anglais et francais) pour exprimer l'inference. Elle explore plus particulierement la dimension pragmatique de l'expression du doute, une composante inherente a l'expression de l'inference, ainsi que le degre de modalisation employe dans la L1. Puis, en prenant les locuteurs anglophones comme modele, l'etude examine l'interlangue des etudiants francais, pour mesurer l'ecart avec la performance des locuteurs natifs. Elle montre que cet ecart ne concerne pas seulement des lacunes en termes de ressources lexicales et grammaticales mais aussi une tendance a reproduire en L2 les strategies discursives de leur L1. Des exemples representatifs tires de ce triple corpus (francophones, anglophones, francophones apprenants d'anglais) sont presentes pour illustrer le propos.
Soyasaponin I, a potent and specific sialyltransferase inhibitor.

A growing number of reports demonstrate that hypersialylation, which is observed in certain pathological processes, such as oncogenic transformation, tumor metastasis, and invasion, is associated with enhanced sialyltransferase (ST) activity. There is therefore a need for the development of ST inhibitors to modulate ST activity and thus alleviate the disease processes caused by STs. In the present study, soyasaponin I had been discovered to be a potent and specific ST inhibitor by screening strategy from 7500 samples including micribial extracts and natural products. Kinetic analysis shows that it is a CMP-Neu5Ac competitive inhibitor with for ST3Gal I with an inhibition constant (K(i)) of 2.1 microM. In addition, it is only active against ST, but not against the other tested glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Our study is the first report to discover ST inhibitor by screening method and also to provide the new chemical structure information that should be useful in the development of other novel ST inhibitors.
Argan Oil-contained Antioxidants for Human Mitochondria

The powerful antioxidant capacity of virgin argan oil is attributed to its content of antioxidant molecules. Recent investigations have identified CoQ10 and melatonin as some of these antioxidant molecules. In this review, we summarize the most recent data about the content of CoQ10 and melatonin in virgin argan oil and the differences found in samples extracted by the traditional and half-industrialized methods. We also emphasize the importance of these two molecules for human health, focusing on their actions in mitochondria. Finally, we refer to other abundant antioxidants in virgin argan oil: tocopherols and polyphenols.
Structural Reform and Firm Profitability in Developing Countries

We extend agency theory to propose that structural reform positively impacts firm profitability in developing countries because the improvements in external monitoring that accompany structural reform decrease the agency costs faced by firms. However, we also argue that not all firms benefit equally from structural reform because their agency problems are impacted differently. Hence, we propose that structural reform results in higher improvements in profitability for domestic state-owned and domestic private firms than it does for subsidiaries of foreign firms. Results of the analyses of the largest 500 firms in Latin America support the arguments, suggesting that, contrary to the views of many critics of globalization, domestic firms are the main beneficiaries of structural reform in developing countries.
Exemptions From Mandatory Immunization After Legally Mandated Parental Counseling

This article is the first in which the impact of parental counseling and signature requirements for obtaining vaccine exemptions at the state-level has been evaluated. BACKGROUND: The success of health care provider counseling–based interventions to address vaccine hesitancy is not clear. In 2011, Washington State implemented Senate Bill 5005 (SB5005), requiring counseling and a signed form from a licensed health care provider to obtain an exemption. Evaluating the impact of a counseling intervention can provide important insight into population-level interventions that focus on interpersonal communication by a health care provider. METHODS: We used segmented regression and interaction and aggregation indices to assess the impact of SB5005 on immunization coverage and exemption rates in Washington State from school years 1997–1998 through 2013–2014. RESULTS: After SB5005 was implemented, there was a significant relative decrease of 40.2% (95% confidence interval: −43.6% to −36.6%) in exemption rates. This translates to a significant absolute reduction of 2.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval: −4.2% to −1.7%) in exemption rates. There were increases in vaccine coverage for all vaccines required for school entrance, with the exception of the hepatitis B vaccine. The probability that kindergarteners without exemptions would encounter kindergarteners with exemptions (interaction index) decreased, and the probability that kindergarteners with exemptions would encounter other such kindergarteners (aggregation index) also decreased after SB5005. Moreover, SB5005 was associated with a decline in geographic clustering of vaccine exemptors. CONCLUSIONS: States in the United States and jurisdictions in other countries should consider adding parental counseling by health care provider as a requirement for obtaining exemptions to vaccination requirements.
Physical activity monitoring in stroke: SenseWear Pro2 Activity accelerometer versus Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 Pedometer

Abstract Purpose: Determine validity and reliability of SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWP2A) and Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 Pedometer (YDWP) in stroke and healthy adults. Methods: Fifteen stroke patients and 15 healthy participants wore SWP2A on upper arm and YDWP at hip/knee. Different activities were performed: treadmill walking, walking up/down a step, cycling and walking on an even surface. Steps and Energy Expenditure (EE) were measured and compared to steps counted manually and indirect calorimetry. Repeated measurements were compared to determine reliability of both devices. Results: Spearman correlation coefficients between knee-worn YDWP and counted steps while walking on an even surface was ≥0.89 in healthy and ≥0.95 in stroke. Treadmill walking revealed high Spearman correlation coefficients in healthy individuals (rs ≥ 0.90) and at 1.5 km/h in stroke (rs = 0.69). During other activities YDWP often underestimated steps. SWP2A data revealed inconsistent results in EE and steps. Reliability tested by repeated measurements varied between 0.66 and 0.98 for YDWP and 0.61 and 0.97 for SWP2A. Conclusion: YDWP and SWP2A are both reliable. Only knee-worn YDWP is a valid device to measure steps except high intensity walking in stroke. YDWP systematically undercounts steps during other activities of short duration. This study could not demonstrate valid measurement of steps/EE in stroke using SWP2A. Implications for Rehabilitation Stroke is a disabling disease with residual neurologic deficits, which impairs mobility and predisposes them to sedentary behavior. A Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 knee-worn pedometer showed to be a valid and reliable technique to measure ambulatory activity in stroke. A valid instrument to measure energy expenditure in stroke needs to be explored.
Brief Description of the Survival Analysis Procedure Using the Running Rejection Behaviour of Young Rabbits as a Model Trait

SUMMARY The application possibilities of certain parametric and nonparametric methods concerning survival analysis were investigated on 18 Pannon White rabbits of a physiological trial. The running rejection behaviour was used as an accurate model trait for the above mentioned analysis. Rabbits had to run on a motor-driven treadmill until exhaustion twice every day. The duration of the experiment was set to be 24 days and the rabbits were arbitrarily sorted into two groups (above and below the median of the endweight of the experiment) labelled as large and small, respectively. The pattern of the results was very similar regardless of the applied method (Kaplan Meier survival curves, Cox PH model, Weibull distribution). Higher inclination towards the running rejection with the increasing weight of the rabbits seemed to be undeniable. Yet probably due to the small sample size it was impossible to obtain significant differences between the groups. Nevertheless, the appropriateness of survival analysis was clearly demonstrated in the present study and its application can strongly be recommended in order to analyse similar (i.e. time to event) data.
"Ultrasound swallow".

cook to boil an egg, but it is hardly necessary or desirable. Doctors should be important teachers of health care and be able to concentrate their other skills and expertise mainly on complex problems and diseases which are often their major interest. This would ensure the greater availability of appropriate care at all the required levels for people who might otherwise be denied this. Many may feel threatened by change and resist any delegation of part of their traditional roles. Innovative schemes with all acting in a responsible fashion should ensure both the greater wellbeing of the community and justifiably earn the trust of patients. The primary health care nurse is a valuable member of the health care team in her own right and should not be seen as a "doctor-substitute" or assistant. Lucy WAGSTAFF
Ethyl 2,6-dichloro-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylate

In the title compound, C18H13Cl2NO2, the quinoline ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.009 Å), and the phenyl and carboxylate planes are twisted away from it by 59.2 (1) and 65.9 (2)°, respectively.
Do Undocumented Migrants Earn Lower Wages than Legal Immigrants? New Evidence from Mexico

This article examines the extent to which undocumented status lowers wage rates among immigrants to the United States from four Mexican communities. Regression equations were estimated to determine the effect of legal status on wages independent of other demographic, social and economic variables, and special efforts were made to control for possible sample selection biases. Findings suggest that the data are relatively free from selectivity problems that have characterized earlier studies, and that legal status had no direct effect on wage rates earned by male migrants from the four communities. Legal status also had little effect on the kind of job that migrants take in the United States, but it does play an important indirect role in determining the length of time that migrants stay in that country. By reducing the duration of stay, illegal status lowers the amount of employer-specific capital accruing to undocumented migrants, and thereby lowers wage rates relative to legal migrants.
Switching simulation of SiC high-power module with low parasitic inductance

In this paper, we present a simulation technique for a high-power module using silicon carbide (SiC) phase leg units. Each phase leg unit has parasitic inductances that are caused by bonding wires and patterns on a substrate in the phase leg unit. The parasitic inductances are extracted using a quasi-electromagnetic simulation tool. We also estimate mutual inductances between the parasitic inductances in the high-power module. We fabricate a high-power module that consists of six phase leg units with low parasitic inductance. Simulation results show a spike voltage of 156 V and a total parasitic inductance of 7.1 nH. Measurement results indicate a spike voltage of 154 V and a total parasitic inductance of 8.1 nH. These results show that the proposed technique is appropriate for predicting the switching performances of the high-power modules.
Bias in risk estimation: application to Down's syndrome screening

In this paper we consider the bias associated with parametric estimation of a univariate or bivariate Gaussian density, and also the induced bias when these Gaussian densities are used to determine a likelihood ratio. Algebraic approximations are derived that accurately predict the relative biases obtained, verification being achieved by a simulation exercise. The expressions confirm that when estimating a univariate Gaussian density there are four Z‐scores for which there is zero bias and that relative bias increases rapidly beyond two standard deviations from the mean. The results are then extended to determine approximate confidence intervals for both the true density and the likelihood ratio. A simulation exercise confirms that the derived 95 per cent confidence intervals have coverage that ranges from 94 to 97 per cent. The results are applied to a Down's syndrome screening programme where 95 per cent confidence intervals are established for a woman's posterior odds of carrying a Down's foetus. It is shown that patients with similar posterior odds can give rise to confidence intervals for their true posterior odds that have very different widths, thus emphasizing that not all risks are of equal quality. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paroxetine plasma levels: lack of correlation with efficacy or adverse events

The pharmacokmetics of paroxetine in man are characterized by marked inter-subject variability in both preand post-systemic clearance, with dose dependency in some subjects. As a result, a given dose may be associated with a wide range of plasma concentrations at steady state and a variable body burden of the drug. Under these circumstances, efficacy and adverse events would not be expected to correlate with dose, but may show a relationship with plasma concentrations. Previous authors have found no relationship between plasma concentrations and efficacy for paroxetine (1,2) and this paper describes a retrospective analysis of the available data on the relationship between plasma concentrations of paroxetine and efficacy and adverse events.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases: turning on the switch.

Rho GTPases control many aspects of cell behavior through the regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways (Van Aelst and D’Souza-Schorey 1997; Hall 1998). Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 were first recognized in the early 1990s for their unique ability to induce specific filamentous actin structures in fibroblasts; stress fibers, lamellipodia/membrane ruffles, and filopodia, respectively (Hall 1998). Over the intervening years, evidence has accumulated to show that in all eukaryotic cells, Rho GTPases are involved in most, if not all, actin-dependent processes such as those involved in migration, adhesion, morphogenesis, axon guidance, and phagocytosis (Kaibuchi et al. 1999; Chimini and Chavrier 2000; Luo 2000). In addition to their well-established roles in controlling the actin cytoskeleton, Rho GTPases regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton, cell polarity, gene expression, cell cycle progression, and membrane transport pathways (Van Aelst and D’Souza-Schorey 1997; Daub et al. 2001; Etienne-Manneville and Hall 2001). With such a prominent role in so many aspects of cell biology, it is not surprising that they are themselves highly regulated. Like all GTPases, Rho proteins act as binary switches by cycling between an inactive (GDP-bound) and an active (GTP-bound) conformational state (Fig. 1; Van Aelst and D’Souza-Schorey 1997). The cell controls this switch by regulating the interconversion and accessibility of these two forms in a variety of ways. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP to generate the activated form, which is then capable of recognizing downstream targets, or effector proteins. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho family members to inactivate the switch. Finally, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) interact with the prenylated, GDP-bound form to control cycling between membranes and cytosol. In theory, activation of a Rho GTPase could occur through stimulation of a GEF or inhibition of a GAP. In practice, however, all the evidence points to GEFs being the critical mediators of Rho GTPase activation, and this paper reviews our present understanding of how they do this. Structural features
An 1-Aspartate : 2-OxoglutarateAminotransferaseReference Materialfrom Human Erythrocytes : Preparation and Characterization

L.Aspa rtate :2.oxogl utarate a minotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1)from human erythrocytes is purified for use as a reference material in clinical assays for the enzyme. The procedure involves heat treatment in the presence of a substrate (2-oxoglutarate), ammonium sulfate precipitation, and fractionation with n-butanol. The material is further purified by anionand cation-exchange chromatography. Specific activity obtainable by a typical preparation is 110 Mmol mm-’ mg-’ at 30#{176}C. Identical behavior is demonstrated between enzyme in human serum and purified erythrocyte enzyme when substrate concentrations, temperature, and pH are varied. A lyophilized preparation at 4#{176}C is stable for longer than 400 days. Data regarding purity and behavior in currently used clinical assays is described.
Repeated Spatial Extrapolation: An Extraordinarily Efficient Approach for Option Pricing

Various finite difference methods for option pricing have been proposed. In this paper we demonstrate how a very simple approach, namely the repeated spatial extrapolation, can perform extremely better than the finite difference schemes that have been developed so far. In particular, we consider the problem of pricing vanilla and digital options under the Black-Scholes model, and show that, if the payoff functions are dealt with properly, then errors close to the machine precision are obtained in only some hundredths of a second.