Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 Is Expressed in Two Distinct Types of Ionocyte, and Probably Augments Ammonia Excretion in One of Them, in the Gills of the Climbing Perch Exposed to Seawater

The freshwater climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, is an euryhaline teleost and an obligate air-breather with the ability to actively excrete ammonia. Members of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) family help maintain intracellular pH homeostasis and ionic balance through the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+. This study aimed to obtain, from the gills of A. testudineus, the full cDNA coding sequence of nhe3, and to determine the effects of exposure to seawater or 100 mmol l−1 of NH4Cl in fresh water on its mRNA and protein expression levels. Efforts were also made to elucidate the type of ionocyte that Nhe3 was associated with in the branchial epithelium of A. testudineus. The transcript level and protein abundance of nhe3/Nhe3 were very low in the gills of freshwater A. testudineus, but they increased significantly in the gills of fish acclimated to seawater. In the gills of fish exposed to seawater, Nhe3 was expressed in two distinct types of seawater-inducible Na+/K+-ATPase (Nka)-immunoreactive ionocytes. In Nkaα1b-immunoreactive ionocytes, Nhe3 had an apical localization. As these ionocytes also expressed apical Rhcg1 and basolateral Rhcg2, which are known to transport ammonia, they probably participated in proton-facilitated ammonia excretion in A. testudineus during seawater acclimation. In Nkaα1c-immunoreactive ionocytes, Nhe3 was atypically expressed in the basolateral membrane, and its physiological function is uncertain. For A. testudineus exposed to NH4Cl in fresh water, the transcript and protein expression levels of nhe3/Nhe3 remained low. In conclusion, the branchial Nhe3 of A. testudineus plays a greater physiological role in passive ammonia transport and acid-base balance during seawater acclimation than in active ammonia excretion during environmental ammonia exposure.
A Small Short-Necked Hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of Hubei Province, China

Hupehsuchia is a group of enigmatic Triassic marine reptiles that is known exclusively from two counties in Hubei Province, China. One of the common features of the group was a modestly long neck with nine to ten cervical vertebrae. We report a new species of Hupehsuchia, Eohupehsuchus brevicollis gen. et sp. nov., which for the first time shows a short neck in this group, with six cervicals. The configuration of the skull roof in Eohupehsuchus is also unique among Hupehsuchia, with narrow frontals and posteriorly shifted parietals, warranting recognition of a new species. The taxon superficially resembles Nanchangosaurus in retaining hupehsuchian plesiomorphies, such as low neural spines and small body size. However, its limbs are well-developed, unlike in Nanchangosaurus, although the latter genus is marginally larger in body length. Thus, the individual is unlikely to be immature. Also, Eohupehsuchus shares a suite of synapomorphies with Hupehsuchus, including the second and third layers of dermal ossicles above the dorsal neural spines. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new species is not the most basal hupehsuchian despite its short neck, and instead forms the sister taxon of Hupehsuchidae. Until recently, Hupehsuchia contained only two monotypic genera. Now there are at least four genera among Hupehsuchia, and the undescribed diversity is even higher. The left forelimb of the only specimen is incomplete, ending with broken phalanges distally. The breakage could only have occurred pre-burial. The individual may have been attacked by a predator and escaped, given that scavenging is unlikely.
Navigation and Formation Control Employing Complementary Virtual Leaders for Complex Maneuvers

Complex maneuvers of formations of car-like autonomous vehicles are investigated in this paper. The proposed algorithm provides a complete plan for the formation to solve desired tasks and actual control inputs for each robot to ensure collision-free trajectories with respect to neighboring robots as well as dynamic obstacles. The method is based on utilization of complementary virtual leaders whose control inputs are obtained in one merged optimization process using receding horizon control methodologies. The functionality of the system, which enables reverse driving and arbitrary rotations of formations of nonholonomic robots, is verified by simulations of multi-robot tasks and by hardware experiments.
Climate in the News: How Differences in Media Discourse Between the US and UK Reflect National Priorities

Studies dealing with media coverage of climate change have increased steadily over the last decade or so, alongside the media coverage of climate change itself. This article aims to contribute to this growing literature on two levels: to deepen understanding of distinctive patterns of language use across nations speaking a common language and to demonstrate the usefulness of a new approach for finding such patterns. Articles in The (London) Times and the New York Times, published between 2000 and 2009, were analyzed using methods related to computational linguistics. Results show that the US seemingly still constructs climate change as a problem, whereas the UK focuses on finding solutions for the (established) problem of climate change. This linguistic and conceptual gap may hamper mutual understanding and the crafting of global climate change mitigation policies.
Resampling 4D images using adaptive filtering

We present an adaptive filtering based methodology for resampling 3D time series images using an extension of the method presented by simultaneously reducing the artifacts due to image noise and resample the data on a finer grid along the time dimension. This provides a methodology for obtaining high quality image resampling without the disadvantages of staircase artifacts created by more common interpolation methods such as linear interpolation. We present qualitative results of the algorithm on a data set of 4D cardiac MRI. This is a useful approach for any situation where we have a data set of 4D images needing to be resampled.
Visualizing spatial and time-oriented data in a second screen application

Mobile devices are more and more used in parallel, esp. in the field of TV viewing as second screen devices. Such scenarios aim to enhance the viewers' user experience while watching TV. We designed and implemented a second screen prototype intended to be used in parallel to watching a TV documentary. It allows to interactively explore a combination of spatial and time-oriented data to extend and enrich the TV content. We evaluated our proto-type in a twofold approach, consisting of expert reviews and user evaluation. We identified different interaction habits in a second screen scenario and present its benefits in relation to documentaries.
A Very “Gay” Straight?

This article addresses a paradoxical stance taken by young straight men in three groups who identify aspects of themselves as “gay” to construct heterosexual masculine identities. By subjectively recognizing aspects of their identities as “gay,” these men discursively distance themselves from stereotypes of masculinity and privilege and/or frame themselves as politically progressive. Yet, both of these practices obscure the ways they benefit from and participate in gender and sexual inequality. I develop a theory of “sexual aesthetics” to account for their behavior and its consequences, contributing to a growing body of theory regarding the hybridization of contemporary masculinities and complicating theories of sexual practice.
THE POLITICS OF WOMEN'S BODY IMAGES AND PRACTICES: FOUCAULT, THE PANOPTICON, AND SHAPE MAGAZINE

This study demonstrates how the metaphor of the panopticon, a particular prison structure that renders prisoners self-monitoring, offers a useful way of understanding the mechanisms that inculcate an unrealistic body ideal in women. Foucault's notion of panopticism and a critical approach are used to show how textual mechanisms in two issues of Shape magazine—a women's fitness glossy—invite a continual self-conscious body monitoring in women. An analysis of two panoptic mechanisms, “The Efficacy of Initiative” and “Feeling Good Means Looking Good,” is supplemented with a discussion of Foucault's notion of confession/shame, and specific features of Shape's discourse are analyzed for their panoptic content.
Analysis of Markov Renewal Reward Process on VLSI Cell Partitioning

It is well known that various characteristics in risk and queuing process can be formulated as Markov Renewal function. We study the max-position of finitely many Markov Renewal Reward process with countable state space. We define Markov Renewal equation associated with max-posed process. The solutions of the Markov Renewal Reward equation are derived and the asymptotic behaviors of the equations are studied. Also we discuss the idea of delayed Markov renewal reward with state space.
Automatic legal text summarisation: experiments with summary structuring

We describe a set of experiments using machine learning techniques for the task of extractive summarisation. The research is part of a summarisation project for which we use a corpus of judgments of the UK House of Lords. We present classification results for naïve Bayes and maximum entropy and we explore methods for scoring the summary-worthiness of a sentence. We present sample output from the system, illustrating the utility of rhetorical status information, which provides a means for structuring summaries and tailoring them to different types of users.
Fostering individual transfer and knowledge convergence in text-based computer-mediated communication

The study investigates individual transfer and knowledge convergence in text-based computer-mediated communication of small groups of three. More specifically we analyzed how two approaches to pre-structure communication influence individual transfer and the equity i. e. convergence of learned knowledge between peers. We varied the factor scripted co-operation (scripted co-operation vs. none scripted co-operation) and the factor scaffolding (scaffolding vs. none scaffolding) in a 2x2-design. 105 university students participated. Results show that individual transfer could be fostered by scripted co-operation and hindered by scaffolding in comparison to a control group of open discourse. Convergence of knowledge between peers could be fostered with the interaction of both factors compared to the control group.
The Paradigm of G Protein Receptor Transactivation: A Mechanistic Definition and Novel Example

Seven transmembrane G protein—coupled receptors are among the most common in biology and they transduce cellular signals from a plethora of hormones. As well as their own well-characterized signaling pathways, they can also transactivate tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors to greatly expand their own cellular repertoire of responses. Recent data in vascular smooth muscle cells have expanded the breadth of transactivation to include serine/threonine kinase receptors, specifically the receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Stimulation with endothelin and thrombin leads to the rapid formation of C-terminal phosphorylated Smad2, which is the immediate product of activation of the TGF-β receptor. Additionally, it appears that no definition of transactivation based on mechanism is available, so we have provided a definition involving temporal aspects and the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The phenomenon of transactivation is an important biochemical mechanism and potential drug target in multiple diseases.
Non-polynomial Galerkin projection on deforming meshes

This paper extends Galerkin projection to a large class of non-polynomial functions typically encountered in graphics. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach by applying it to two strikingly different problems: fluid simulation and radiosity rendering, both using deforming meshes. Standard Galerkin projection cannot efficiently approximate these phenomena. Our approach, by contrast, enables the compact representation and approximation of these complex non-polynomial systems, including quotients and roots of polynomials. We rely on representing each function to be model-reduced as a composition of tensor products, matrix inversions, and matrix roots. Once a function has been represented in this form, it can be easily model-reduced, and its reduced form can be evaluated with time and memory costs dependent only on the dimension of the reduced space.
The Principles of Strengths-Based Education

Doing what we do best leads to high levels of engagement and productivity. Educators who capitalize on their strengths daily help students do what they do best by developing a strengthsbased approach to education. The principles of strengths-based education include measurement, individualization, networking, deliberate application, and intentional development. Through a parallel process, educators practice the principles of strengths-based education when advising and teaching while students learn to put their strengths to work in learning and social situations.
Predictors and Outcomes of Transfers from Peritoneal Dialysis to Hemodialysis

♦ Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are commonly required to transfer to hemodialysis (HD), however the literature describing the outcomes of such transfers is limited. The aim of our study was to describe the predictors of these transfers and their outcomes according to vascular access at the time of transfer. ♦ Methods: A retrospective cohort study using registry data of all adult patients commencing PD as their initial renal replacement therapy in Australia or New Zealand between 2004 – 2010 was performed. Follow-up was until 31 December 2010. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine possible predictors of transfer within both 6 and 12 months of PD commencement. Cox analysis and competing risks regression were used to determine the predictors of survival and transplantation post-transfer. ♦ Results: The analysis included 4,781 incident PD patients, of whom 1,699 transferred to HD during the study period. Logistic models did not identify any clinically useful predictors of transfer within 6 or 12 months (c-statistics 0.54 and 0.55 respectively). 67% of patients commenced HD with a central venous catheter (CVC). CVC use at transfer was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 – 1.68, p = 0.003) and a borderline significant reduction in the incidence of transplantation (subhazard ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.58 – 1.00, p = 0.05). ♦ Conclusions: It is difficult to predict the transfer to HD for incident PD patients. PD patients who commence HD with a CVC have a higher risk of mortality and a lower likelihood of undergoing renal transplantation.
Reducing Cache Pollution Through Detection and Elimination of Non-Temporal Memory Accesses

Contention for shared cache resources has been recognized as a major bottleneck for multicores--especially for mixed workloads of independent applications. While most modern processors implement instructions to manage caches, these instructions are largely unused due to a lack of understanding of how to best leverage them. This paper introduces a classification of applications into four cache usage categories. We discuss how applications from different categories affect each other's performance indirectly through cache sharing and devise a scheme to optimize such sharing. We also propose a low-overhead method to automatically find the best per-instruction cache management policy. We demonstrate how the indirect cache-sharing effects of mixed workloads can be tamed by automatically altering some instructions to better manage cache resources. Practical experiments demonstrate that our software-only method can improve application performance up to 35% on x86 multicore hardware.
Robust control methodology for the design of supplementary damping controllers for FACTS devices

In this paper, a new procedure to design Supplementary Damping Controllers (SDCs) for Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices is proposed. The control design problem is formulated as a search for a feasible controller subject to restrictions in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The main objective, from the application viewpoint, is the improvement of the damping ratios associated to inter-area oscillation modes. Unlike other types of formulations existing in the literature, this new formulation is capable of explicitly modeling the constraints on the controller bandwidth, which are crucial to avoid undesired amplification of high frequency noise signals coming into the controller input. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed procedure, the design of an SDC for a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) placed in the New England/New York benchmark test system is carried out. The results show the designed controllers are able to provide adequate damping for the oscillations modes of interest for several different operating conditions.
Using Item Response Theory and Model—Data Fit to Conceptualize Differential Item and Person Functioning for Students With Disabilities

The major purpose of this study is to describe a conceptual framework for examining differential item functioning (DIF) and differential person functioning (DPF) as types of model—data misfit within the context of assessing students with disabilities. Specifically, DIF and DPF can be viewed through the lens of residual analyses. Residual analyses can be used to explore DIF (item fit) as well as extended to explore DPF (person fit). One of the advantages of this conceptual framework is that the size of the subgroups can be quite small with interpretable results produced even for individuals. To illustrate this conceptual framework, Rasch measurement theory is used as the item response theory model. Methodological and theoretical issues are discussed. Data from a high-stakes assessment in mathematics in Georgia (Grade 7, geometry items) are used to illustrate the conceptual framework for students with disabilities. The substantive research questions used to illustrate the conceptual framework addresses whether modifications in test administration (use of resource guides or calculators) influence item functioning for students with disabilities (DIF analyses) and whether students with various disabilities differentially benefit from these modifications (DPF analyses).
Impact of Fatigue on Cognitive Functioning among Premenopausal Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Controlled Study

Abstract Objective: The most common cognitive problem is attentional impairment in fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS]. We aimed to evaluate the physical, mental and psychological symptoms and to determine the predictor[s] of attentional impairment in premenopausal women with two chronic painful diseases [FMS and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]] and to compare them with healthy pain-free controls [HNCs]. Methods: This study was designed to involve patients with FMS or RA. Healthy normal controls [HNC] were recruited for comparison. Stroop color and word interference test was selected as cognitive measure. Questionnaires regarding FMS symptoms [100 mm visual analog scale], quality of life [Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire], sleep disorders [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index] and anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale] were also applied to all groups. Results: Ninety-eight age- and education-matched premenopausal female patients were recruited. The evaluation groups were FMS [n = 40, mean age: 36.2 ± 7.3 years], RA [n = 28, mean age: 37.3 ± 6.0 years] and HNCs [n = 30, mean age: 33.7 ± 8.0 years]. Scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were worse in FMS than in RA and in HNCs [p = 0.001]. The completion times of the Stroop test were similar in patients with FMS and RA but both were worse than with HNCs [p = 0.035]. After the adjustment for age, education level and possible related factors, the Stroop test data were found to correlate with pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, dizziness, forgetfulness and sleeplessness [p < 0.05]. Fatigue was the predictor of attentional impairment in stepwise regression analysis. Conclusion: Because of predictive role of fatigue on cognitive functioning, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions should be investigated to increase physical and mental endurance in FMS.
The structure and clustering of Lyman-break galaxies

ABSTRA C T The number density and clustering properties of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) are consistent with them being the central galaxies of the most massive dark haloes present at z , 3. This conclusion holds in all currently popular hierarchical models for structure formation, and is almost independent of the global cosmological parameters. We examine whether the sizes, luminosities, kinematics and star formation rates of LBGs are also consistent with this identification. Simple formation models tuned to give good fits to low-redshift galaxies can predict the distribution of these quantities in the LBG population. The LBGs should be small (with typical half-light radii of 0:6‐2 h ˇ1 kpc), should inhabit haloes of moderately high circular velocity (180‐290 km s ˇ1 ) but have low stellar velocity dispersions (70‐120 km s ˇ1 ) and should have substantial star formation rates (15‐100 M( yr ˇ1 ). The numbers here refer to the predicted median values in the LBG sample of Adelberger et al.; the first number assumes an Q0 a 1 universe and the second number a flat universe with Q0 a 0:3. For either cosmology these predictions are consistent with the current (rather limited) observational data. Following the work of Kennicutt, we assume stars to form more rapidly in gas of higher surface density. This predicts that LBG samples should preferentially contain objects with low angular momentum, and therefore small size, for their mass. In contrast, samples of damped Lya systems (DLSs) should be biased towards objects with large angular momentum. Bright LBGs and DLSs may therefore form distinct populations, with very different sizes and star formation rates, LBGs being smaller and more metal-rich than DLSs of similar mass and redshift.
Organizational Responses to Consumer Complaints: An Examination of Effective Remediation Tactics

Mistakes are common in business and can lead to negative repercussions for organizations. However, through the use of explanations, firms can diminish the negative consequences of their errors. The current study used a field stimulation to examine organizational explanations (excuses, justifications, and excuses) and their components (believable, appropriate, considerate, and responsible) to determine which factors make a difference in consumer satisfaction following organizational failures. Results, interpreted through the lens of expectancy violations theory, suggest that various components of explanations and the form of explanations used in remedial responses influence people's perceptions of organizations and organizational responses following complaints about failures.