Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Correlations between Sensitivity and Variability Give Rise to Constant Discrimination Thresholds across the Otolith Afferent Population

The vestibular system is vital for our sense of linear self-motion. At the earliest processing stages, the otolith afferents of the vestibular nerve encode linear motion. Their resting discharge regularity has long been known to span a wide range, suggesting an important role in sensory coding, yet to date, the question of how this regularity alters the coding of translational motion is not fully understood. Here, we recorded from single otolith afferents in macaque monkeys during linear motion along the preferred directional axis of each afferent over a wide range of frequencies (0.5–16 Hz) corresponding to physiologically relevant stimulation. We used signal-detection theory to directly measure neuronal thresholds and found that values for single afferents were substantially higher than those observed for human perception even when a Kaiser filter was used to provide an estimate of firing rate. Surprisingly, we further found that neuronal thresholds were independent of both stimulus frequency and resting discharge regularity. This was because increases in trial-to-trial variability were matched by increases in sensitivity such that their ratio remains constant: a coding strategy that markedly differs from that used by semicircular canal vestibular afferents to encode rotations. Finally, using Fisher information, we show that pooling the activities of multiple otolith afferents gives rise to neural thresholds comparable with those measured for perception. Together, our results strongly suggest that higher-order structures integrate inputs across afferent populations to provide our sense of linear motion and provide unexpected insight into the influence of variability on sensory encoding.
Nonaka's subjectivist conception of knowledge in corporate knowledge management

In recent years management and business studies have witnessed the emergence of a new field of activity, named corporate knowledge management (CKM). The primary goal of this management discipline is to enhance and improve the use of knowledge as a corporate resource in organizations. Theoretical and practical initiatives in this area of management, however, have met with some difficulty regarding the conception of knowledge that should guide these efforts. This paper critically examines the contribution of Nonaka (1994) to this conceptual problem. While we support Nonaka's reasons for choosing a subjectivist epistemology in this managerial context, we argue that he is seriously misguided with regard to the philosophical and managerial ramifications of his choice. Consequently, we doubt whether Nonaka's views can serve as a successful paradigm for corporate knowledge management.
The Effects of a Supplemental Early Reading Intervention on the Literacy Development of Kindergarten Children Exhibiting Concurrent Weaknesses in Attention and Emergent Literacy Skills

This study investigated the effects of a supplemental prereading intervention on the early literacy skills of kindergarten children with co-existing weaknesses in emergent literacy skills and attention. Four children (3 boys, 1 girl) received one-on-one tutoring 4 days a week for approximately 18 weeks. A multiple-baseline across individuals design was used to analyze the effects of the intervention on children’s letter knowledge and phonemic awareness. Biweekly progress monitoring was conducted using curriculumbased measures throughout the baseline and intervention phases. Maintenance of skills was assessed six weeks after the conclusion of the program. The results indicated that children’s letter knowledge and phonemic awareness skills improved over time. The findings support the use of targeted early intervention to improve the emergent literacy skills of kindergarten students who are inattentive and at risk for reading failure.
Numerical estimation of densities

We present a novel technique, dubbed FiEstAS, to estimate the underlying density field from a discrete set of sample points in an arbitrary multidimensional space. FiEstAS assigns a volume to each point by means of a binary tree. Density is then computed by integrating over an adaptive kernel. As a first test, we construct several Monte Carlo realizations of a Hernquist profile and recover the particle density in both real and phase space. At a given point, Poisson noise causes the unsmoothed estimates to fluctuate by a factor of ∼2 regardless of the number of particles. This spread can be reduced to about 1 dex (∼26 per cent) by our smoothing procedure. The density range over which the estimates are unbiased widens as the particle number increases. Our tests show that real-space densities obtained with an SPH kernel are significantly more biased than those yielded by FiEstAS. In phase space, about 10 times more particles are required in order to achieve a similar accuracy. As a second application we have estimated phase-space densities in a dark matter halo from a cosmological simulation. We confirm the results of Arad, Dekel & Klypin that the highest values of f are all associated with substructure rather than the main halo, and that the volume function v(f) ∼f−2.5 over about four orders of magnitude in f. We show that a modified version of the toy model proposed by Arad et al. explains this result and suggests that the departures of v( f) from power-law form are not mere numerical artefacts. We conclude that our algorithm accurately measures the phase-space density up to the limit where discreteness effects render the simulation itself unreliable. Computationally, FiEstAS is orders of magnitude faster than the method based on Delaunay tessellation that Arad et al. employed, making it practicable to recover smoothed density estimates for sets of 109 points in six dimensions.
Differences among primary care patients with different mechanical patterns of low back pain: a cross-sectional investigation

Objectives To characterise and compare a persistent low back pain (LBP) population based on 4 clinical pain patterns. Design Cross-sectional analysis of patient-reported data. Setting Patients from 220 primary care practitioners in 3 cities in Ontario, Canada. Participants 1020 individuals seeking LBP care. Inclusion criteria: LBP symptoms lasting 1½–12 months, or unmanageable recurrent symptoms; ages 18+years. Exclusion criteria: pregnant/1-year postpartum; involved in active litigation or motor vehicle injury; emergent spinal presentations; pain disorder diagnosis; work injury claim; or constant symptoms persisting >12 months postonset. Main outcome measure Hall pain pattern subgroups: back dominant pain aggravated by flexion (P1) or extension (P2), or leg dominant constant (P3) or intermittent (P4) pain (multinomial logistic outcome; referent: P1). Results Groups P1 and P2 had the highest proportion of women. P2 and P4 had higher mean ages and comorbidity counts. P3 and P4 had higher proportions of overweight/obese individuals and lower general health scores. Adjusted models: being male and overweight/obese was associated with increased odds of being in P3 (OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.46), and OR 1.74 (1.13 to 2.68), respectively) and P4 (OR 1.87 (1.11 to 3.15) and OR 1.91 (1.06 to 3.42), respectively), and increasing age with increased odds of being in P2 (OR 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)) and P4 (OR 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08)). Increasing comorbidity count was associated with increased odds of being in P2 (OR 1.14 (1.0 to 1.3)), and better general health scores with decreased odds of being in P3 (OR 0.40 (0.18 to 0.93)). Conclusions This is the first study to examine the ‘Hall system’ in a non-rehab primary care population. Subgroups classified according to this system appear to have distinct profiles. Further research is needed to better characterise and determine the prognostic implication of these clinically derived subgroups.
Interstellar Scintillation Observations of 146 Extragalactic Radio Sources

From 1979 to 1996 the Green Bank Interferometer was used by the Naval Research Laboratory to monitor the flux density from 146 compact radio sources at frequencies near 2 and 8 GHz. We filter the "light curves" to separate intrinsic variations on times of a year or more from more rapid interstellar scintillation (ISS) on times of 5-50 days. Whereas the intrinsic variation at 2 GHz is similar to that at 8 GHz (although diminished in amplitude), the ISS variation is much stronger at 2 than at 8 GHz. We characterize the ISS variation by an rms amplitude and a timescale and examine the statistics of these parameters for the 121 sources with significant ISS at 2 GHz. We model the scintillations using the NE2001 Galactic electron model assuming the sources are brightness-limited. We find the observed rms amplitude to be in general agreement with the model, provided that the compact components of the sources have about 50% of their flux density in a component with maximum brightness temperatures 1011-1012 K. Thus, our results are consistent with centimeter-wavelength VLBI studies of compact active galactic nuclei, in that the maximum brightness temperatures found are consistent with the inverse synchrotron limit at 3 × 1011 K, boosted in jet configurations by Doppler factors up to about 20. The average of the observed 2 GHz ISS timescales is in reasonable agreement with the model at Galactic latitudes above about 10°. At lower latitudes the observed timescales are too fast, suggesting that the transverse velocity increases beyond about 1 kpc, which may be due to differential Galactic rotation.
Research on finding community structure based on filtration network model

By defining community recursive coefficient M, we propose a new efficient algorithm called filtration split algorithm for discovering community structure in complex networks. By optimizing the M of child-networks based on dynamic recursive principle, the local communities are discovered automatically. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the algorithm can filtrate more than one edge once and make the networks split in parallel. For a network with n vertices, m edges, and c communities, the computation complexity is less than O((c+1)m+(c+1)). For many real-world networks are sparse m~n and c+1 Ltn, our algorithm can run in essentially linear time O((c+1)n).
Price of Anarchy with Heterogeneous Latency Functions

In this paper we consider the price of anarchy (PoA) in multi-commodity flows where the latency or delay function on an edge has a heterogeneous dependency on the flow commodities, i.e. when the delay on each link is dependent on the flow of individual commodities, rather than on the aggregate flow. An application of this study is the performance analysis of a network with differentiated traffic that may arise when traffic is prioritized according to some type classification. This study has implications in the debate on net-neutrality. We provide price of anarchy bounds for networks with $k$ (types of) commodities where each link is associated with heterogeneous polynomial delays, i.e. commodity $i$ on edge $e$ faces delay specified by $g_{i1}(e)f^{\theta}_1(e) + g_{i2}(e)f^{\theta}_2(e) + \ldots + g_{ik}(e)f^{\theta}_k(e) + c_i(e), $ where $f_i(e)$ is the flow of the $i$th commodity through edge $e$, $\theta \in {\cal N}$, $g_{i1}(e), g_{i2}(e), \ldots, g_{ik}(e)$ and $c_i(e)$ are nonnegative constants. We consider both atomic and non-atomic flows. For networks with decomposable delay functions where the delay induced by a particular commodity is the same, i.e. delays on edge $e$ are defined by $a_1(e)f_1^\theta(e) + a_2(e)f_2^\theta(e) + \ldots + c(e)$ where $\forall j , \forall e: g_{1j}(e) = g_{2j}(e) = \ldots = a_j(e)$, we show an improved bound on the price of anarchy. Further, we show bounds on the price of anarchy for uniform latency functions where each edge of the network has the same delay function.
The Effect of Motor Imagery Practice on Elevé Performance in Adolescent Female Dance Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Motor imagery practice (MIP) is the process of mentally rehearsing motor imagery (MI) contents with the goal of improving motor performance. The potential of MIP in providing motor and non-motor benefits to dancers has not been thoroughly investigated to-date. This study investigated the feasibility of delivering a 6-week MIP intervention for adolescent female dance students and its effect on performance of repeated and static elevé. Participants’ imagery ability and self-reported views and attitudes toward MIP were also investigated. Data regarding ankle plantar-flexion (PF) maximal angles, range-of-motion (ROM), and weight bearing symmetry index (SI) were collected from 25 adolescent female dance students randomly assigned to either MIP (experimental) or upper body exercise (control). Results showed feasibility of delivering the MIP intervention with a significant (p <0.05) improvement in ankle PF maximal angle and ROM for the repeated elevé following the intervention. Participants’ views regarding MIP and their imagery characteristics are also presented and discussed in light of practical implications. This study provides support to a promising relationship between implementing MIP as an adjunct dance training method and eliciting enhanced dance performance.
Studies of the Accuracy of Time Integration Methods for Reaction-Diffusion Equations ∗

In this study we present numerical experiments of time integration methods applied to systems of reaction-diffusion equations. Our main interest is in evaluating the relative accuracy and asymptotic order of accuracy of the methods on problems which exhibit an approximate balance between the competing component time scales. Nearly balanced systems can produce a significant coupling of the physical mechanisms and introduce a slow dynamical time scale of interest. These problems provide a challenging test for this evaluation and tend to reveal subtle differences between the various methods. The methods we consider include firstand second-order semiimplicit, fully-implicit, and operator-splitting techniques. The test problems include a prototype propagating nonlinear reaction-diffusion wave, a non-equilibrium radiationdiffusion system, a Brusselator chemical dynamics system and a blow-up example. In this evaluation we demonstrate a “split personality” for the operator-splitting methods that we consider. While operator-splitting methods often obtain very good accuracy, they can also manifest a serious degradation in accuracy due to stability problems.
Eating disorders and MMPI profiles in a Spanish sample

Objective: This study compares Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of subtypes of eating disorder patients. Method: 112 females; 24 with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype (ANR), 35 with anorexia nervosa, bulimic subtype (ANB), and 53 with purgative builimia nervosa (BN) (according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th edition, [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) and a control group of 34 normal females, were assessed with the 566-item version of the MMPI Results: The patients with an eating disorder (ED) evidenced significantly more psychopathology than did the normal controls. In respect to the patients with an ED, more psychopathology was found in patients with purgative behaviours Diseussion: These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest that treatment for the ED shoul he supplemented by interventions aimed at psychopathology.
Research Article A Peer-to-Peer Internet for the Developing World

Users in the developing world are typically forced to access the Internet at a fraction of the speed achievable by a standard v.90 modem. In this article, we present an architecture to enable ofoine access to the Internet at the maximum possible speed achievable by a standard modem. Our proposed architecture provides a mechanism for multiplexing the scarce and expensive international Internet bandwidth over higher bandwidth P2P (peer-to-peer) dialup connections within a developing country. Our system combines a number of architectural components, such as incentive-driven P2P data transfer, intelligent connection interleaving, and content-prefetching. This article presents a detailed design, implementation, and evaluation of our dialup P2P data transfer architecture inspired by BitTorrent.
Regionally-Specified Second Trimester Fetal Neural Stem Cells Reveals Differential Neurogenic Programming

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) have the potential for treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases such as Parkinson Disease and multiple sclerosis. Currently, NSC have been isolated only from hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain. It is not known whether NSC can be found in all parts of the developing mid-trimester central nervous system (CNS) when the brain undergoes massive transformation and growth. Multipotent NSC from the mid-trimester cerebra, thalamus, SVZ, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord can be derived and propagated as clonal neurospheres with increasing frequencies with increasing gestations. These NSC can undergo multi-lineage differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, and engraft in a developmental murine model. Regionally-derived NSC are phenotypically distinct, with hippocampal NSC having a significantly higher neurogenic potential (53.6%) over other sources (range of 0%–27.5%, p<0.004). Whole genome expression analysis showed differential gene expression between these regionally-derived NSC, which involved the Notch, epidermal growth factor as well as interleukin pathways. We have shown the presence of phenotypically-distinct regionally-derived NSC from the mid-trimester CNS, which may reflect the ontological differences occurring within the CNS. Aside from informing on the role of such cells during fetal growth, they may be useful for different cellular therapy applications.
Identification of sulfate starvation-regulated genes in Escherichia coli: a gene cluster involved in the utilization of taurine as a sulfur source

Genes whose expression is regulated by sulfate starvation in Escherichia coli were identified by generating random translational lacZ fusions in the chromosome with the lambda placMu9 system. Nine lacZ fusion strains which expressed beta-galactosidase after growth under sulfate starvation conditions but not after growth in the presence of sulfate were found. These included two strains with insertions in the dmsA and rhsD genes, respectively, and seven strains in which the insertions were located within a 1.8-kb region downstream of hemB at 8.5 minutes on the E. coli chromosome. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this region indicated the presence of four open reading frames designated tauABCD. Disruption of these genes resulted in the loss of the ability to utilize taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as a source of sulfur but did not affect the utilization of a range of other aliphatic sulfonates as sulfur sources. The TauA protein contained a putative signal peptide for transport into the periplasm; the TauB and TauC proteins showed sequence similarity to ATP-binding proteins and membrane proteins, respectively, of ABC-type transport systems; and the TauD protein was related in sequence to a dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dioxygenase. We therefore suggest that the proteins encoded by tauABC constitute an uptake system for taurine and that the product of tauD is involved in the oxygenolytic release of sulfite from taurine. The transcription initiation site was detected 26 to 27 bp upstream of the translational start site of tauA. Expression of the tauD gene was dependent on CysB, the transcriptional activator of the cysteine regulon.
LORE - local reconfiguration for fault management in irregular interconnects

Summary form only given. Dynamic faults in irregular networks are difficult to handle when discarding uncorrupted packets is undesirable, deadlocks must be avoided, and in-order delivery of packets must be maintained. Current reconfiguration approaches involve all or many nodes to handle a fault. We introduce the LORE approach, a dynamic local reconfiguration which allows most of the network to remain oblivious of a one-fault. Only a small subnetwork, consisting of fault adjacent nodes and some nodes and links to connect these, is affected. LORE can be adapted to several topologies and several routing algorithms without introducing deadlocks, and can maintain in-order delivery in deterministic routing.
A Toolbox for Herpesvirus miRNA Research: Construction of a Complete Set of KSHV miRNA Deletion Mutants

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes 12 viral microRNAs (miRNAs) that are expressed during latency. Research into KSHV miRNA function has suffered from a lack of genetic systems to study viral miRNA mutations in the context of the viral genome. We used the Escherichia coli Red recombination system together with a new bacmid background, BAC16, to create mutants for all known KSHV miRNAs. The specific miRNA deletions or mutations and the integrity of the bacmids have been strictly quality controlled using PCR, restriction digestion, and sequencing. In addition, stable viral producer cell lines based on iSLK cells have been created for wildtype KSHV, for 12 individual miRNA knock-out mutants (ΔmiR-K12-1 through -12), and for mutants deleted for 10 of 12 (ΔmiR-cluster) or all 12 miRNAs (ΔmiR-all). NGS, in combination with SureSelect technology, was employed to sequence the entire latent genome within all producer cell lines. qPCR assays were used to verify the expression of the remaining viral miRNAs in a subset of mutants. Induction of the lytic cycle leads to efficient production of progeny viruses that have been used to infect endothelial cells. Wt BAC16 and miR mutant iSLK producer cell lines are now available to the research community.
Separation Analysis for Weakest Precondition-based Verification

The component-as-array model is a widely used technique for modeling heap memory in Weakest Precondition-based deductive veriﬁcation of pointer programs. We propose a separation analysis which can be integrated in the core of this model. This allows to greatly simplify the veriﬁcation conditions generated, and thus greatly helps in proving such pointer programs. We illustrate the improvements both in term of scaling up for codes of large size, and in term of simpliﬁcation of the reasoning for establishing advanced behaviors
Assessment of protective factors for violence risk

It has been proposed that consideration of protective factors in addition to risk factors may lead to more balanced and accurate violence risk assessments. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to explore the predictive and incremental validity of protective factors assessed using structured professional judgment (SPJ) violence risk assessment tools. Eighteen studies, including five SPJ tools, were identified which reported the predictive validity of protective factors for violence in adolescent and adult males. Overall, most studies found that protective factors were associated with the absence of violence. Evidence to support the incremental validity of protective factors (in addition to risk factors) was however less robust. Inconsistencies in findings across studies may be associated with population characteristics and the relevance of the SPJ tools for different populations. Assessment of risk of bias within the identified studies highlighted limitations which impacted on the potential accuracy and generalisability of the findings of most studies. More robust research is required and professionals should consider the limitations in the existing evidence base if incorporating assessment of protective factors into violence risk assessments.