Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Failure of the Default‐Mode Network and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

The default-mode network (DMN) is a major resting-state network that supports most of the baseline brain activity. Recent studies revealed that DMN cortical hub regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, posterior cingulum, and precuneus, are all affected early during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and exhibit high amounts of A-beta deposits. The cells generating A-beta are chiefly cortical and some brainstem projection neurons. Because processing of the amyloid precursor protein is activity-dependent, it can be speculated that due to their constant activity, DMN neurons produce and release more A- beta than occur elsewhere in the neocortex, thus leading to an increase in production, oligomerization, and aggregation of Ab as well as tau hyperphosphorylation, which presumably is caused by the released A-beta oligomers. DMN cortical regions are richly innervated by long projection fibers from the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), as well as the cholinergic basal forebrain (nucleus basalis complex, NB), which all may release high amounts of A-beta in the vicinity of glutamatergic projection neurons in the DMN cortical regions that are vulnerable to tau pathology and neurofibrillary degeneration. Recent findings provide converging evidence that the amyloid accumulation and DMN functional alterations are closely linked with the changes of sleep–wake cycle (particularly in regard to lesser amount of shortwave deep sleep when metabolic demands are about 50% lower in comparison with awake state and when presumably less amyloid is produced) and pretangle changes of LC, thus opening new promising area for future research.
Predicting the lung cancer burden: accounting for selection of the patients with respect to general population mortality

Incidence, survival, prevalence and mortality are the elements of the cancer burden. The cancer burden is thus contributed by the same individuals from the diagnosis of cancer (incidence) until possible death from cancer (mortality). It would therefore be natural that predictions of future cancer burden, those needed by health administration, for example, could be based on individual data.
As Kibs e a inovação tecnológica das firmas de serviços

Kibs and technological innovation of service firms - For the European Union and the OECD, a great importance is given to the intangibles and services in the so called Knowledge Based Economy. Some services firms are classified as Knowledge Intensive Business Firms (Kibs). According to the literature, Kibs act as facilitators of innovation, because they function as interfaces of the generic knowledge available in the economy, and the tacit knowledge of the firms. The study explored microdata from the Survey of the Economic Activity in Sao Paulo (Paep) 2001, to investigate empirically if it is correct to state that Kibs contribute to the technological innovation of their clients of the services sector. The results indicate that the services for which this statement is true are: juridical, accountancy, internet solutions, business communications, advertisement and business management.
The Financial Accelerator and Monetary Policy Rules

The ability of financial frictions to amplify the output response of monetary policy, as in the financial accelerator model of Bernanke et al. (1999), is analyzed for a wider class of policy rules where the policy interest rate responds to both inflation and the output gap. When policy makers respond to the output gap as well as inflation, the standard financial accelerator model reacts less to an interest rate shock than does a comparable model without an operational financial accelerator mechanism. In recessions, when firm-specific volatility rises, financial acceleration due to financial frictions is further reduced, even under pure inflation targeting.
WhichFingers: Identifying Fingers on Touch Surfaces and Keyboards using Vibration Sensors

HCI researchers lack low latency and robust systems to support the design and development of interaction techniques using finger identification. We developed a low cost prototype using piezo based vibration sensors attached to each finger. By combining the events from an input device with the information from the vibration sensors we demonstrate how to achieve low latency and robust finger identification. Our prototype was evaluated in a controlled experiment, using two keyboards and a touchpad, showing recognition rates of 98.2% for the keyboard and, for the touchpad, 99.7% for single touch and 94.7% for two simultaneous touches. These results were confirmed in an additional laboratory style experiment with ecologically valid tasks. Last we present new interactions techniques made possible using this technology.
Rapid detection of polyomavirus BK by a shell vial cell culture assay

Polyomavirus BK (BKV) causes asymptomatic latent infection in the human host that is reactivated during periods of immune suppression. Detection by conventional tube cell culture is difficult and time consuming because BKV exhibits slow growth with late (14 to 28 days) and subtle cytopathic effects. We developed a shell vial cell culture assay (SVA) using a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody to the T antigen of simian virus 40 to detect BKV rapidly by indirect immunofluorescence. Nuclear fluorescence was seen in BKV-infected cells as early as 16 h postinoculation; 6 to 28 times more foci were present at 36 h postinoculation. Human embryonic kidney cells infected with BKV produced 7 to 42 times more fluorescent foci than MRC-5 or rhabdomyosarcoma cells did. Centrifugation enhanced the infectivity of BKV in the SVA. To define the clinical utility of SVA, urine specimens from organ transplant patients were tested. Of 27 patients, 4 (15%) were found to be positive by SVA. SVA offers a simple and rapid method for detection of BKV that can be of use in clinical studies of this virus.
Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast, Pseudozyma antarctica, which produces glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids

Pseudozyma antarctica T‐34 secretes a large amount of biosurfactants (BS), mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL), from different carbon sources such as hydrocarbons and vegetable oils. The detailed biosynthetic pathway of MEL remained unknown due to lack of genetic information on the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts, including the genus Pseudozyma. Here, in order to obtain genetic information on P. antarctica T‐34, we constructed a cDNA library from yeast cells producing MEL from soybean oil and identified the genes expressed through the creation of an expressed sequence tags (EST) library. We generated 398 ESTs, assembled into 146 contiguous sequences. Based upon a BLAST search similarity cut‐off of E≤10−5, 21.4% of all contigs were orphan, while 78.6% showed similarity to sequences in the protein database; 60.3% of all contiguous sequences shared significant identities to hypothetical protein of Ustilago maydis, which is a smut fungus and BS producer. Based on the gene expression study using real‐time reverse transcriptase‐PCR, the predicted genes, such as mannosyltranferase and acyltransferase, were demonstrated to be highly involved in MEL biosynthesis in soybean oil‐grown cells. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership in sport

1. Framing Leadership in Sport Section A: Leadership Theories Applicable to the Sport Environment 2. What is Leadership? 3. Trait Theories of Leadership 4. Leadership Styles 5. Leadership, Teams and Exchange 6. Destructive and Toxic Leadership Section B: Leadership in Sport Management 7. Facilitative Leadership in Sport Organisations 8. Communication in Sport Management 9. Strategic Leadership through Strategic Planning 10. Leading Organisational Change 11. Diversity in Sport Leadership Section C: Leadership in Sport Coaching 12. The Sport Coach 13. Sport Coach Leadership Models 14. Organisational Leadership Approaches in Sport Coaching 15. Measuring Leadership in Sport Coaching 16. Sustainable Performance with Empathy 17. The Future: Trends and Challenges in Sport Leadership
Combined Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed AKR1B10 Played an Important Role in Psoriasis through the Dysregulated Lipid Pathway and Overproliferation of Keratinocyte

RNA-seq has enabled in-depth analysis of the pathogenesis of psoriasis on the transcriptomic level, and many biomarkers have been discovered to be related to the immune response, lipid metabolism, and keratinocyte proliferation. However, few studies have combined analysis from various datasets. In this study, we integrated different psoriasis RNA-seq datasets to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis through the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathway analysis, and functional annotation. The revealed biomarkers were further validated through proliferation phenotypes. The results showed that DEGs were functionally related to lipid metabolism and keratinocyte differentiation dysregulation. The results also showed new biomarkers, such as AKR1B10 and PLA2G gene families, as well as pathways that include the PPAR signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, alpha-linoleic acid metabolism, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Using siRNA knockdown assays, we further validated the role that the AKR1B10 gene plays in proliferation. Our study demonstrated not only the dysfunction of the AKR1B10 gene in lipid metabolizing but also its important role in the overproliferation and migration of keratinocyte, which provided evidence for further therapeutic uses for psoriasis.
Here Be (No More) Dragons: Pushing the Frontier of Research on Virtual Organizations and Teams

Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) offer new promising opportunities to research virtual organizations and teams. The characteristics of MMOGs allow researchers to obtain objective data from a large and multi-national population. Lasting over months or even years, MMOGs facilitate longitudinal studies and ensure a high involvement of participants. Moreover, collecting data from online surveys and game servers keeps the costs of MMOG studies low. In this paper, we show with two exemplary studies how research in MMOGs can utilize these opportunities to overcome some limitations of traditional research environments. Moreover, we discuss the role of MMOGs as the avant-garde of information and communication technology (ICT) usage and therefore argue that research in MMOGs can provide a glimpse into the future application of ICT in real life organizations.
Transition metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization: toward perfection in catalysis and precision polymer synthesis.

2.1. 6. Tacticity and Sequence: Advanced Control 4967 2.2. Transition Metal Catalysts 4967 2.2.1. Overviews of Catalysts 4967 2.2.2. Ruthenium 4967 2.2.3. Copper 4971 2.2.4. Iron 4971 2.2.5. Nickel 4975 2.2. 6. Molybdenum 4975 2.2. 7. Manganese 4976 2.2. 8. Osmium 4976 2.2. 9. Cobalt 4976 2.2.10. Other Metals 4976 2.3. Cocatalysts (Additives) 4977 2.3. 1. Overview of Cocatalysts 4977 2.3. 2. Reducing Agents 4977 2.3. 3. Free Radical Initiators 4977 2.3. 4. Metal Alkoxides 4977 2.3. 5. Amines 4978 2.3. 6. Halogen Source 4978 2.4. Initiators 4978 2.4. 1. Overview of Initiators: Scope and Design 4978 2.4. 2. Alkyl Halides 4978 2.4. 3. Arenesulfonyl Halides 4979 2.4. 4. N-Chloro Compounds 4979 2.4. 5. Halogen-Free Initiators 4979 2.5. Solvents 4980 2.5. 1. Overview of Solvents 4980 2.5. 2. Catalyst Solubility and Coordination of Solvent 4981 2.5. 3. Environmentally Friendly Solvents 4981 2.5. 4. Water 4981 2.5. 5. Catalytic Solvents: Catalyst Disproportionation 4981
Inhaled insulin – a new therapeutic option in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

The beneficial effects of maintaining an optimal glucose control on chronic complications of diabetes have been firmly established in patients with both Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Effective glucose control usually requires multiple daily injections of subcutaneous insulin. Limitations of these intensive regimens include inconvenience and poor patient adherence and acceptability. As a consequence, several alternative methods for insulin delivery have been developed with the aim of eliminating the pain, inconvenience and disruption of lifestyle associated with the need for insulin injections. Recent evidence suggests that intrapulmonary insulin delivery may be an effective, non-invasive alternative to subcutaneous regular insulin. In fact, clinical trials in the last few years have shown that intrapulmonary insulin was as good as subcutaneous insulin in controlling glucose levels in patients with both Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. It was well-tolerated and, so far, there is no evidence of an increased risk of hypoglycaemia or adverse bronchopulmonary effects. Although the bio-availability of inhaled insulin is lower than that of subcutaneous insulin, the former has a more physiological pharmacokinetic profile than the latter. Inhaled insulin currently represents the most viable alternative insulin delivery method to preprandial subcutaneous injection.
Histo‐blood group ABO antigen in oral potentially malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma – genotypic and phenotypic characterization

Loss of histo‐blood group A/B antigens is frequent in oral cancer. It is unclear whether this alteration is due to loss of the chromosomal region encoding the genes. The aim was to investigate genotypic alterations in the ABO locus in oral potentially malignant lesions and carcinomas. Seventy‐three cases which expressed A/B antigen in normal epithelium by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were investigated. Both tumour and normal cells were collected from paraffin‐embedded tissue by laser microdissection. DNA was extracted and analysed by PCR coupled with restricted digestion analysis in order to establish the ABO genotype. Total and patchy loss of A/B antigen expression was found in 24/32 carcinomas, 6/7 leukoplakias with severe dysplasia, 12/17 leukoplakias with mild and moderate dysplasia, and 6/17 leukoplakias without dysplasia. Specific A/B allele loss was found in 8/24 cases with carcinoma and 3/24 cases with mild and moderate dysplasia by genotyping analysis. O allele loss was found in 10 cases involving all four groups. In patients with heterozygous genotypes, A/B allelic loss by genotyping analysis was always followed by loss of A/B antigen expression by IHC staining. Loss of A/B antigen expression in tissues which had intact ABO alleles was, however, found and may be explained by other genetic and epigenetic changes.
Promoter accessibility within the environment of the MHC is affected in class II‐deficient combined immunodeficiency.

Class II‐deficient combined immunodeficiency (CID) is a hereditary disease resulting in abrogation of transcription of the class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex, due to a defect in a trans‐acting regulatory factor. Cell lines from certain CID patients lack factor binding at multiple sites in class II promoters in vivo. A mutation in one of the promoter binding proteins could explain this ‘bare’ phenotype only if these factors bind cooperatively or in a temporal hierarchy. Alternatively, the mutation could affect the configuration of the promoter within the MHC locus. Here, we provide evidence that the factor(s) defective in class II‐deficient CID controls the accessibility of class II promoters within the environment of the MHC. The in vivo occupancy of wild type and mutated class II promoter constructs was examined in stable transfectants of normal and CID‐derived cell lines. The CID promoter phenotype could not be reproduced in a normal cell line by eliminating binding at any one promoter element, suggesting that these factors bind independently, both spatially and temporally. In contrast, promoter occupancy was partially restored in two CID lines at a randomly integrated wild type promoter, implying that the promoter is inaccessible to factors in its native environment, but accessible when moved to another location in the genome.
Subcellular distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev and colocalization of Rev with RNA splicing factors in a speckled pattern in the nucleoplasm

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev (regulator of virion protein expression) protein exemplifies a new type of posttranscriptional regulation. One main function of Rev is to increase the cytoplasmic expression of unspliced and incompletely spliced retroviral mRNAs from which viral structural proteins are made. In that way, Rev is essential in order to complete the retroviral life cycle. The biology of Rev in the host cell has remained elusive. In this study, a complex distribution of Rev in single cells was found. Rev was found in the cytoplasm, in a perinuclear zone, in the nucleoplasm, and in the nucleoli. In the nucleoplasm, Rev colocalized in a speckled pattern with host cell factors known to assemble on nascent transcripts. Those factors are involved in the processing of heterogeneous RNA to spliced mRNA in the nucleoplasm of all cells. The distribution of Rev was dependent only on Rev and host cell interactions, since neither the Rev target RNA nor other HIV proteins were expressed in the cells. Rev was found in the same subcellular compartments of cells treated for extended periods with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. This finding implies that Rev shuttles continuously between cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic compartments. The results suggest a potential role for Rev both in the RNA-splicing process and in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Rev-dependent HIV mRNA.
Local Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy

We performed a retrospective review of a series of knee arthroscopic procedures that were completed using lo cal, general, or regional anesthesia to evaluate the ef ficacy of these anesthetic techniques. Operative time, complications or failures, procedures successfully per formed, recovery room time and postoperative stay, and patient satisfaction were recorded. Local anesthesia with intravenous sedation compared favorably with the other techniques: operative time was not increased, a large variety of operative procedures were successfully completed, recovery time was significantly shortened, and patient satisfaction remained high. This technique offers several advantages over other types of anesthe sia for knee arthroscopy, including improved cost ef fectiveness.
Learning About Bernanke

The new Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke, has inherited a hot seat. This economist analyzes four of his key speeches in recent years to try to explain his theoretical view of fiscal and monetary policy. Bernanke's writings are far more lucid than Alan Greenspan's. Seidman concludes that after Bernanke has established his anti-inflation credentials, he will adopt a policy that balances concerns over unemployment and inflation.
Correlation-Based Background Music Recommendation by Incorporating Temporal Sequence of Local Features

Background music plays an important role in making user-generated video more colorful and attractive. One of current research on automatic background music recommendation is the correlation-based approach in which the correlation model between visual and music features is discovered from training data and is utilized to recommend background music for query video. While existing correlation-based approaches consider global features only, in this work we proposed to integrate the temporal sequence of local features along with global features into the correlation modeling process. The local features are derived from segmented audiovisual clips. Then the temporal sequence of local features is transformed and incorporated into correlation modeling process. Cross-Modal Factor Analysis along with Multiple-type Latent Semantic Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis, are investigated for correlation modeling which recommends background music in ranking order. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms existing work.
The Development of an Irish Census Based Social Class Scale

This paper outlines the reasons for and steps taken to develop an Irish census-based social class scale. The willing participation of the Central Statistics Office in reorganising its occupational categories to devise this scale marks an innovative contribution to social research. The resulting classification has a validity in an Irish context beyond that of alternative scales and should be an asset to researchers in facilitating a more comprehensive and revealing analysis of census occupational data than has hitherto been feasible. The scale is based on the neo-Weberian concept of class and has six categories. (EXCERPT)
[Determination of saponin I in extracts of Allium macrostemnon].

OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC method for determination of saponin I in bulb extracts of Allium macrostemon. METHOD The extract was refluxed by methanol and then filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated and the bioactive saponin was measured by HPLC-RID. RESULT The calibration curve was in good linearity over the range of 5-100 microg with the regression equation of Y= 9.35 x 10(4) X - 2.78 x 10(4) (r = 0.9998) and the average recovery was 101.1% (n = 5, RSD 1.6%). CONCLUSION The method is simple, quick and reproducible and can be applied in the quality control of A. macrostemon.
Trade, specialization and economic growth in Spain's Autonomous Communities

This thesis investigates the relationships between trade, specialization and growth at the regional level for Spain's Autonomous Communities. First, we test for the existence of a long-run relationship between per capita GDP and trade, for 15 Spanish Autonomous Communities between 1988 and 2004, using the cointegration methodology. In particular, we will implement several newly-developed panel unit root tests and panel cointegration tests, with a special attention to their behaviour in a small sample. Our cointegration results reject the existence of a significant relationship between GDP per capita and exports. However, we do find some evidence of a significant relationship between GDP per capita and imports. Building on these cointegration results, we then examine how the relationship between per capita GDP and trade may depend on the level of specialization or on the extent of structural change undertaken between 1988 and 2003. In particular, we investigate the pattern of cross-correlation between regions emerging from their relationship GDP-Trade, using as determinants variables expressing economic geography, specialization and the evolution of structural change. While the inclusion of specialization does not affect the significance of the cointegration tests, our empirical strategy do compile converging evidence on the importance of structural change for Spain's regional development. Finally, we explore the mapping between specialization and trade in Spain's Autonomous Communities at the industry level. Does regional specialization in a particular industry translates into a greater level of export? We estimate an equation explaining the volume of intra-European exports, including the index specialization and other determinants of trade. Overall, the econometric analysis confirms the existence of a mapping between specialization and exports. By comparison, the counterfactual relationship between specialization and imports is negative or not significant, and perhaps spurious.
THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF ADULT MALE SURVIVORS WHO ALLEGE CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE BY CLERGY

This phenomenological study describes the essential structure of the lived experience of adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse by clergy (AMSCSABC). A purposive sample of seven AMSCSABC related their subjective experiences in semistructured interviews. Colaizzi? s (1978) phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Survivors describe a bifurcated rage and spiritual distress that pervades their entire "lifebeing. " Learning about AMSCSABC will assist nurses to identify potential risk factors of childhood sexual abuse by clergy (CSABC), design prevention strategies, and enhance empathy for a healing relationship.