Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate on‐site interpretation of fine‐needle aspiration smears

A significant body of literature exists supporting the cost effectiveness of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the work‐up of patients with potential neoplastic disease. Several authorities have stated that immediate, on‐site smear evaluation by cytopathologists optimizes diagnostic accuracy and minimizes the technique's insufficiency rate. This favorable effect on FNA diagnostic accuracy is most pronounced for deep body sites, where FNA is guided by computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, bronchoscopy, or endoscopy. Little data exist regarding whether compensation from Medicare is adequate to support the pathologist in this endeavor compared with other potentially more remunerative activities, including routine surgical pathology sign‐out, nongynecologic cytopathology sign‐out, and frozen section consultation.
Relationship Between Dysfunctional Cognitions and Depressive Subtypes *

The results of this study suggest that the relationship between cognitions and severity of depression hypothesized by cognitive theorists may be relevant only to a subgroup of depressives. In a sample of 40 inpatients with major depression who received the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), scores on the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale were equivalent in suppressor and nonsuppressor groups, as well as in melancholic and nonmelancholic depressive groups. Neither was there a difference between suppressors and nonsuppressor s on measures of depression. However, in the nonmelancholic group, there was a significant relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and severity of depression. This relationship was not found in the melancholic group. Finally, independent of diagnostic and biological subtype, patients with elevated levels of dysfunctional cognitions when compared with the remaining sample revealed greater severity of depression, more days in hospital and more readmissions to hospital.
Fast GATE multi-pinhole SPECT simulations

Multi-pinhole collimation is increasinly being used in SPECT imaging. A wide variety of geometric designs has recently been introduced, which can easily be modeled with the Monte Carlo simulator GATE. However multi-pinhole sim­ulations are still very inefficient with GATE due to the lack of a dedicated variance reduction technique. In this work, we introduced a pinhole forced detection method which allows for fast 99mTc GATE multi-pinhole simulations. An excellent agreement with analog GATE simulations was found in terms of spatial resolution, energy spectra, sensitivity and collimator penetration. As the collimator-detector response is modeled with full Monte Carlo — without making any assumptions on the detector configuration — our method can be of use in multi-pinhole collimator design, development of compensation methods and image reconstruction.
The activity of ferulic and gallic acids in biofilm prevention and control of pathogenic bacteria

The activity of two phenolic acids, gallic acid (GA) and ferulic acid (FA) at 1000 μg ml−1, was evaluated on the prevention and control of biofilms formed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, the effect of the two phenolic acids was tested on planktonic cell susceptibility, bacterial motility and adhesion. Biofilm prevention and control were tested using a microtiter plate assay and the effect of the phenolic acids was assessed on biofilm mass (crystal violet staining) and on the quantification of metabolic activity (alamar blue assay). The minimum bactericidal concentration for P. aeruginosa was 500 μg ml−1 (for both phenolic acids), whilst for E. coli it was 2500 μg ml−1 (FA) and 5000 μg ml−1 (GA), for L. monocytogenes it was >5000 μg ml−1 (for both phenolic acids), and for S. aureus it was 5000 μg ml−1 (FA) and >5000 μg ml−1 (GA). GA caused total inhibition of swimming (L. monocytogenes) and swarming (L. monocytogenes and E. coli) motilities. FA caused total inhibition of swimming (L. monocytogenes) and swarming (L. monocytogenes and E. coli) motilities. Colony spreading of S. aureus was completely inhibited by FA. The interference of GA and FA with bacterial adhesion was evaluated by the determination of the free energy of adhesion. Adhesion was less favorable when the bacteria were exposed to GA (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes) and FA (P. aeruginosa and S. aureus). Both phenolics had preventive action on biofilm formation and showed a higher potential to reduce the mass of biofilms formed by the Gram-negative bacteria. GA and FA promoted reductions in biofilm activity >70% for all the biofilms tested. The two phenolic acids demonstrated the potential to inhibit bacterial motility and to prevent and control biofilms of four important human pathogenic bacteria. This study also emphasizes the potential of phytochemicals as an emergent source of biofilm control products.
TIPS Liquidity and the Outlook for Inflation

The prices of special securities known as TIPS can give some insight into how investors view the outlook for future inflation. New research uses a novel term structure model of nominal and real yields to estimate how much the liquidity premium embedded in the prices of these securities have varied over time. Accounting for variation in the premiums notably increases estimates of the inflation expectations underlying market-based measures of inflation compensation, particularly during the most recent financial crisis.
Prognostic factors in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: an analysis of 136 cases with a proposal for low-grade and intermediate-grade groups.

PURPOSE In some organs (eg, the lung), endocrine tumors are classified on the basis of mitotic rate and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms recently treated at a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 136 patients undergoing surgery from 1979 to 1998, the influence on disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of tumor size, mitotic rate, vascular invasion, necrosis, metastases, and nuclear grade was determined. Cases were further grouped according to an existing proposed classification system and then regrouped on the basis of mitotic rate (< 2 mitoses per 50 high-power fields v higher) and necrosis (present or absent) into low- and intermediate-grade groups. RESULTS Correlations with DFS and DSS in univariate analysis included < or = 2 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (P =.001, P =.002), vascular invasion (P =.02, P =.04), size < or = 2 cm (P =.01, P =.05), metastases (P =.0002, P =.07), necrosis (P =.002, P =.16), and nuclear grade (P =.04, P =.33), respectively. By multivariate analysis, for DFS, tumor necrosis and presence of metastases retained significance (P =.01, P =.04, respectively). For DSS, only mitotic rate was a prognostic factor (P =.02). Among the 18 macroadenomas, eight borderline tumors, and 48 low-grade carcinomas, there was no significant difference in DSS between any groups (P =.3). However, in evaluating our newly proposed groups, the differences in DFS and DSS between low- and intermediate-grade groups were highly significant (P =.0007, P =.006, respectively). CONCLUSION Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms exhibit a spectrum of biologic behavior, and the proposed benign (macroadenoma) and borderline groups contain potentially aggressive tumors. An alternative system based on mitotic rate and necrosis correlates strongly with survival without specifically designating any group as benign.
Flexible endosopic management of Zenker's diverticulum: characteristics and outcomes of 52 cases at a tertiary referral center.

Zenker's diverticulum causes substantial morbidity among affected elderly patients. In the United States, rigid endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is the mainstay of management and the flexible endoscopic technique is reserved for those not deemed candidates for rigid endoscopy due to an inability to extend the neck and/or medical comorbidities. Short- and long-term outcomes following flexible endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy in the United States are limited. We reviewed the patient characteristics and outcomes of 58 consecutive flexible endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomies performed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, between March 2006 and November 2013. There were 58 procedures performed on 52 unique patients. The median age was 77 years, and 48% of patients were female. More than one third of patients had either failed previous rigid therapy or were deemed inoperable by the referring surgeon. Size of the diverticulum ranged from 1 cm to 5 cm with a mean of 2.8 cm. Most procedures (67%) were performed under general anesthesia. Initial procedural success was achieved in all patients. Of the patients, 77% reported complete symptom resolution at mean follow-up time of 26 months. Of the procedures, 71% were not associated with any adverse event, but esophageal microperforation occurred during 11 procedures (19%). Of these, nine resolved with conservative management, one required an endoscopic stent, and one developed a neck abscess that required drainage. Our data show in a group of elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities flexible endoscopy therapy for Zenker's diverticulum is feasible. Initial symptomatic improvement was universal, and long-term response appears durable. The most common adverse event was esophageal microperforation, and the majority (82%) of these resolved with conservative management. Direct comparison with outcomes of rigid endoscopic or open surgical techniques has not been performed, but these data suggest that a randomized trial is warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of a flexible endoscopic technique.
Twenty-year trends in the incidence of stroke complicating acute myocardial infarction: Worcester Heart Attack Study.

BACKGROUND Given the improved survival of patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), more patients are at risk for cerebrovascular complications of AMI. Trends in the magnitude of stroke in the setting of AMI are not well characterized, however, and neither have contemporary trends in the hospital death rates of patients developing acute stroke been examined. RESULTS Of 9220 patients without a history of stroke hospitalized with confirmed AMI between 1986 and 2005 in all greater Worcester medical centers, 132 (1.4%) experienced an acute stroke during hospitalization. The proportion of patients with AMI who developed a stroke increased through the 1980s and 1990s but declined slightly thereafter. Advanced age, female sex, a previous myocardial infarction (MI), and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation during hospitalization were associated with a greater risk of stroke. Receipt of a percutaneous coronary intervention during hospitalization was associated with a lower risk of stroke. Compared with patients who did not experience a stroke, patients developing a stroke in the 1990s were approximately 3 times more likely to die during hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-5.19), whereas those experiencing a stroke in the 2000s were 5 times more likely to die (OR, 5.36; 95% CI, 2.71-10.64). CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence rates of stroke complicating AMI have declined somewhat since 1999, there is not a corresponding decline in the odds of dying during hospitalization in those developing a stroke. Although contemporary therapies may be reducing the risk of stroke in patients with AMI, more attention should be directed to improving the short-term prognosis of these high-risk patients.
Signature-Extendable Technology: Global Space-Based Crop Recognition

A number of developments, such as those reported by Badhwar et al. [4], have resulted in a signature extendable technology. This technology, which we refer to as temporal profile technology, is simple and efficient and automatically recognizes crops by utilizing the Kauth-Thomas transform of Landsat, multidate data, and parameters derived from a model of each crop's greenness-time trajectory. These parameters have overcome the lack of crop separability and stability encountered with technology utilizing spectral values of individual Landsat bands. The temporal profile technology was able, without manual intervention or retraining, to classify Landsat MSS data and estimate within 3 percent the area of corn and soybeans within 5 x 6 nm segments over a large geographic region within the U. S. Corn Belt and Mississippi Delta for three crop years [ 5]. In this current paper we test this algorithm over a set of data in the Argentina corn and soybeans region, and show that it will, with at most minor modifications, apply directly to Argentina. Small-grains evaluations by Badhwar [ 5] and Lennington et al. [181] strongly indicate that the temporal profile technology will work well for that important crop group. We also develop a theoretical framework for signature extendability. We show that the feature space generated by the temporal profile parameters will satisfy two conditions, separability and identifiability, required for a signature-extendable technology and will apply to any group of crops in any region that differ in their seasonal cycles.
The Feller diffusion, filter rules and abnormal stock returns

Abstract We determine the conditional expected logarithmic (i.e. continuously compounded) return on a stock whose price evolves in terms of the Feller diffusion and then use it to demonstrate how one must know the exact probability density that describes a stock’s return before one can determine the correct way to calculate the abnormal returns that accrue on the stock. We show in particular that misspecification of the stochastic process which generates a stock’s price will lead to systematic biases in the abnormal returns calculated on the stock. We examine the implications this has for the proper conduct of empirical work and for the evaluation of stock and portfolio performance.
Structures of Complexes of a Metal-independent Glycosyltransferase GT6 from Bacteroides ovatus with UDP-N-Acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) and Its Hydrolysis Products*

Background: Bacterial homologues of human blood group synthases (glycosyltransferase family GT6) differ in being metal-independent. Results: The structure has been determined of a GT6 from Bacteroides ovatus in a complex with the substrate UDP-GalNAc. Conclusion: Interactions with the polypeptide replace substrate-metal interactions in metal-dependent mammalian homologues. Significance: Metal independence in GT6 is attainable because the metal acts in substrate binding but not directly in catalysis. Mammalian members of glycosyltransferase family 6 (GT6) of the CAZy database have a GT-A fold containing a conserved Asp-X-Asp (DXD) sequence that binds an essential metal cofactor. Bacteroides ovatus GT6a represents a GT6 clade found in more than 30 Gram-negative bacteria that is similar in sequence to the catalytic domains of mammalian GT6, but has an Asn95-Ala-Asn97 (NXN) sequence substituted for the DXD motif and metal-independent catalytic activity. Co-crystals of a low activity mutant of BoGT6a (E192Q) with UDP-GalNAc contained protein complexes with intact UDP-GalNAc and two forms with hydrolysis products (UDP plus GalNAc) representing an initial closed complex and later open form primed for product release. Two cationic residues near the C terminus of BoGT6a, Lys231 and Arg243, interact with the diphosphate moiety of UDP-GalNAc, but only Lys231 interacts with the UDP product and may function in leaving group stabilization. The amide group of Asn95, the first Asn of the NXN motif, interacts with the ribose moiety of the substrate. This metal-independent GT6 resembles its metal-dependent homologs in undergoing conformational changes on binding UDP-GalNAc that arise from structuring the C terminus to cover this substrate. It appears that in the GT6 family, the metal cofactor functions specifically in binding the UDP moiety in the donor substrate and transition state, actions that can be efficiently performed by components of the polypeptide chain.
N-cadherin is regulated by gonadal steroids in adult sexually dimorphic spinal motoneurons.

Gonadal steroids influence the morphology and function of neurons in the adult spinal cord through cellular and molecular mechanisms that are largely unknown. The cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that participate in the formation and organization of the CNS during embryonic development, and recent evidence suggests that the cadherins continue to regulate neural structure and function in adulthood. Using degenerate oligonucleotides coding conserved regions of the catenin-binding domain of classical cadherins in a RT-PCR cloning strategy, we identified several cadherin subtypes, the most frequently cloned being N-, E-, and R-cadherin, suggesting that these are the major classical cadherin subtypes present in the adult male rat lumbosacral spinal cord. We then examined cadherin expression levels of these cadherin subtypes under steroid conditions known to induce plastic changes in spinal motoneurons. Semiquantitative PCR revealed that mRNA levels of N-cadherin, but not E-cadherin or R-cadherin, are elevated in castrated rats treated with testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, or dihydrotestosterone relative to castrate rats not treated with steroids. Immunolocalization of N-cadherin revealed that steroid treatment increased N-cadherin expression levels in functionally related neural populations whose morphology and function are regulated by steroids. These results suggest a role for N-cadherin in steroid-induced neuroplastic change in the adult lumbar spinal cord.
Applicability of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (Modified) in a community sample with low education level: association with an extensive neuropsychological battery

To explore the applicability of a Portuguese (PT) version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), with a delayed recall item [modified (M)], here termed TICSM‐PT, against an extensive (in‐person) battery of neuropsychological instruments, in a sample of older individuals with low educational level and without clinically manifest/diagnosed cognitive impairment.
A study on a new hysteresis current sharing controlling strategy for voltage source five-level inverter

Aiming at the single-phase current five-level inverter, the thesis analyzes the reasons for unbalanced inductor current, introduces some types of present strategies for balancing the inductor current through current sharing, and points out separately the current sharing principles for these strategies, comparing their advantages and shortcomings and then puts forward a new strategy for hysteresis control. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the principles of this strategy and takes some stimulation with the same parameters as those of traditional hysteresis control strategies and finally comes up with the results to confirm the conclusion.
In Vivo-Expressed Genes of Pasteurella multocida

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of infectious diseases of economic importance such as fowl cholera, bovine hemorrhagic septicemia, and porcine atrophic rhinitis. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and determinants that P. multocida requires for virulence and pathogenicity is still limited. To address this issue, we developed a genetic expression system, based on the in vivo expression technology approach first described by Mahan et al. (Science 259:686–688, 1993), to identify in vivo-expressed genes of P. multocida. Numerous genes, such as those encoding outer membrane lipoproteins, metabolic and biosynthetic enzymes, and a number of hypothetical proteins, were identified. These may prove to be useful targets for attenuating mutation and/or warrant further investigation for their roles in immunity and/or pathogenesis.
Restrictive or expansive selection: the uneven role of tariff structure in improving market access

We estimate the effect of tariff reforms on market access from the Doha Round until the Great Recession. Gravity estimates yield significant effects of the variation in tariff structure. The change in the Mercantilist Trade Restrictiveness Index reveals that the change in tariff dispersion reflects a restrictive selection counteracting the effect of average tariff reductions. Restrictiveness is concentrated in East Asia and Pacific while, in Latin America and Caribbean, selection is expansive. We illustrate reforms in China, finding strong restrictive selection. Simulations highlight reforms with unchanged dispersion for their larger improvement in market access and a simultaneous improvement in welfare.
Antibiotic penetration of and bactericidal activity within endothelial cells

It has been observed that the number of cases of infective endocarditis arising in patients who have no previous identifiable cardiac abnormalities is increasing, suggesting that direct bacterial interactions with endothelium may occur. Furthermore, the prolonged natural history of endocarditis, need for lengthy therapy, and frequency of relapse suggest that intracellular bacteria that may be protected from antimicrobial action and host responses exist. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we investigated the penetration of seven antibiotics used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections into cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the effect of these antibiotics on the intracellular killing of two strains of the organism. In general, endothelial cell penetration of lipophilic drugs, such as minocycline, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin, exceeded that of hydrophilic drugs, represented by nafcillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and vancomycin. Bacterial killing paralleled the intracellular penetration of all the antibiotics except rifampin, which concentrated well inside cells but had poor killing activity. However, when combined with the other antibiotics, rifampin potentiated their killing activity against intracellular S. aureus.
Analog building block design in 14nm FinFET using inversion coefficient

This paper presents the characterization of inversion coefficient and technology current for 14nm FinFET. Analog performance parameters, their variability and controlability, including transconductance efficiency, intrinsic gain, gain-bandwidth product, flicker noise and current mismatching, are then characterized in terms of inversion coefficient. These characterized relations are used for sizing and dynamically compensating a set of analog building blocks including differential pairs, current mirrors, PTAT current generator, and re-generative structures. Post-layout simulation results using IBM's 14nm SOI FinFET process are presented.