Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Diving Behavior and Accidental Water Ingestion among Dutch Occupational and Sport Divers to Assess the Risk of Infection with Waterborne Pathogenic Microorganisms

Divers may run a higher risk of infection with waterborne pathogens than bathers because of more frequent and intense contact with water that may not comply with microbiologic water quality standards for bathing water. In this study we aimed to estimate the volume of water swallowed during diving as a key factor for infection risk assessment associated with diving. Using questionnaires, occupational and sport divers in the Netherlands were asked about number of dives, volume of swallowed water, and health complaints (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ear, skin, eye, and respiratory complaints). Occupational divers, on average, swallowed 9.8 mL marine water and 5.7 mL fresh surface water per dive. Sport divers swallowed, on average, 9.0 mL marine water; 13 mL fresh recreational water; 3.2 mL river, canal, or city canal water; and 20 mL water in circulation pools. Divers swallowed less water when wearing a full face mask instead of an ordinary diving mask and even less when wearing a diving helmet. A full face mask or a diving helmet is recommended when diving in fecally contaminated water. From the volumes of swallowed water and concentrations of pathogens in fecally contaminated water, we estimated the infection risks per dive and per year to be as high as a few to up to tens of percents. This may explain why only 20% of the divers reported having none of the inquired health complaints within a period of 1 year. It is highly recommended that divers be informed about fecal contamination of the diving water.
A reinforcement learning fuzzy logic controller for the mobile robot local path finding problem

Reinforcement learning is used in this work to help a computer-simulated, car-like, intelligent mobile robot, beginning with no prior knowledge, acquire its own driving technique, avoiding obstacles and heading to a target. The learning-to-drive algorithm is composed of two terms: a 'critic' transforming the environmental feedback to a higher quality heuristic signal, and an 'actor' actually controlling the robot, which learns exploiting the signal provided by the critic. ASAFES2, a simple and effective neuro-fuzzy architecture based on the Sugeno fuzzy reasoning method, is used to implement the actor and the critic. The inputs are distance readings from three groups of sensors and the heading error. The output is the steering angle. The environment is supposed to be a non-maze one, since the algorithm performs local path finding. However, some interesting techniques are employed, which can efficiently help the robot avoid getting trapped in dead ends and. escape from difficult situations.
Weighted Edge : A New Method to Measure the Semantic Similarity of Words based on WordNet

Recent study shows that humans are more sensitive to the semantic difference due to categorization than that due to the generalization/specification. We propose a new method to measure the semantic similarity of word pairs based on this discovery. Our method assigns an exponential decreasing weight on each edge along the WordNet hierarchy to measure weighted graph distance between two concepts; it then computes the semantic similarity by employing a set of non-linear transfer functions. Experiments show that this method produces results superior to existing distancebased methods using only hypernym relationship.
Tissue and Zonal-Specific Expression of an Olfactory Receptor Transgene

Discrimination of odorants is thought to arise from the selective expression of one of a small number of individual receptors in any single olfactory neuron. Receptor genes are expressed in a small subset of neurons throughout a zonally restricted region of the sensory epithelium. We demonstrate that a 6.7 kb region upstream of theM4 olfactory receptor coding region was sufficient to direct expression in olfactory epithelium. Moreover, reporter expression recapitulated the zonal restriction and distributed neuronal expression observed for endogenous olfactory receptors. Transgenic lines were obtained that directed expression in two different receptor zones, one of which was identical to the endogenous M4receptor. When the reporter was expressed in the same zone as the endogenous M4 receptor, the two expression patterns were, in large part, nonoverlapping. These results suggest a model in which important regulatory elements are located in close proximity to transcription initiation sites of the olfactory receptor genes and receive information defining zonal patterning via long-range processes.
Correcting Noisy Ciphers in CBC mode

Correction of noisy cipher is a challenging task. Previous work has been done on correcting noisy ciphers using AES in ECB mode. In this paper, error detection and correction is done at the receiver end, without any changes to the encryption algorithm that uses AES in CBC mode. A property of CBC is that noise affecting one encrypted block will affect the corresponding decrypted block and its neighbor. This property is exploited to identify the noise vector that contaminated the encrypted message. For a specific corpus the space of all possible messages (Datagram book) is modeled. The noise-free neighbor of the noise contaminated decrypted data is used to generate multiple possible candidates. The candidates are then compared to the Datagram book to identify the noise-free block.
Design of cooperative deployment in distributed Honeynet system

Honeypot is a type of information system, purposely built to attract and deceive computer intruders and malicious programs. For making it easier to deploy and more difficult to discern a cooperative deploy honeynet(CDH) is presented in this paper. A series of formal concepts, such as the CDH architecture and status of Honey farm system (HFS), are given. A multi-agents system that is an autonomous system capable of adapting in a dynamic and constantly changing network environment is discussed. Through exchanging information deploy agents can provide better deployment scheme to induce more attention of hackers. Finally we deploy the designed prototype in a campus network and present an analytic result of a number of experiments.
Is Mobility Always Harmful to Routing Protocol Performance of MANETs

Mobility is a prominent characteristic of MANETs, and is the main factor affecting topology change and route invalidation, which finally leads to increase the design difficulty of effective routing protocol. In this paper, we have studied the impacts of mobility on routing protocol performance of MANETs with simulation, which uses ns-2 as the simulation tool, 802.11 as the wireless MAC protocol and AODV as the routing protocol. The results show that the increase of mobility does not reduce the routing protocol performance distinctly. In some circumstances, it even increases the routing protocol performance. The works of this paper can be a basis of other studies of MANETs.
Petri net modeling and automated system control of protein crystallization experimentation in drug discovery

A Petri net was used to model, analyze, and ultimately control a novel laboratory robotic system designed to automatically image protein crystallization experiments per user-specified schedules. Flexibility in system operation was necessary in order to accommodate unpredictable experimental tray entry and removal by crystallographers, as well as on-the-fly modification of imaging schedules to account for unplanned events or delays. A Petri net model of the system was created and analyzed. The Petri net was implemented in software, interfaced with the system hardware, and used to operate the integrated system. The Petri net controlled automated crystallization imaging system has been in daily use for well over one full year.
Evaluation of Rosuvastatin as an Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) Probe Substrate: In Vitro Transport and In Vivo Disposition in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) mediate hepatic drug uptake and serve as the loci of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Consequently, there is a major need to develop animal models and refine in vitro–in vivo extrapolations. Therefore, the in vivo disposition of a model OATP substrate, [3H]rosuvastatin (RSV), was studied in the cynomolgus monkey and reported for the first time. After monkeys had received a 3-mg/kg oral dose, mass balance was achieved after bile duct cannulation (mean total recovery of radioactivity of 103.6%). Forty-two percent of the RSV dose was recovered in urine and bile, and the elimination pathways were similar to those reported for human subjects; 61.7%, 39.0%, and 2.9% of the dose was recovered in the feces, bile, and urine, respectively. The high levels of unchanged RSV recovered in urine and bile (26% of the dose) and the relatively low levels of metabolites observed indicated that RSV was eliminated largely by excretion. Also, for the first time, the in vitro inhibitory potential of cyclosporin A (CsA) toward cynomolgus monkey OATPs and sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide was studied in vitro (primary hepatocytes and transporter-transfected cells). It is concluded that one can study the CsA-RSV DDI in the cynomolgus monkey. For example, the in vitro IC50 values were within 2-fold (monkey versus human), and the increase (versus vehicle control) in the RSV AUC0–inf (6.3-fold) and Cmax (10.2-fold) with CsA (100 mg/kg) was similar to that reported for humans. The results further support the use of the cynomolgus monkey as a model to assess interactions involving OATP inhibition.
Comparison between treadmill and bicycle ergometer exercise tests in mild-to-moderate hypertensive Nigerians

Background Comparative cardiovascular responses to treadmill and bicycle ergometer (bike) exercise tests in hypertensive Nigerians are not known. This study compared cardiovascular responses to the two modes of exercise testing in hypertensives using maximal exercise protocols. Methods One hundred and ten male subjects with mild-to-moderate hypertension underwent maximal treadmill and bike test one after the other at a single visit in a simple random manner. Paired-sampled t-test was used to compare responses to both exercise tests while chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Results The maximal heart rate (P<0.001), peak systolic blood pressure (P=0.02), rate pressure product (P<0.001), peak oxygen uptake (P<0.001), and exercise capacity (P<0.001) in metabolic equivalents were signifcantly higher on the treadmill than on the bike. Conclusion Higher cardiovascular responses on treadmill in Nigerian male hypertensives in this study, similar to findings in non-hypertensives and non-Nigerians in earlier studies, suggest that treadmill may be of better diagnostic utility in our population.
Burnout among university faculty: the central role of work–family conflict

Abstract This study examined both direct and indirect associations of faculty burnout with psychosocial work environments, using the job resources-demands framework. A sample of 2,229 faculty members (57.1% male) throughout public universities in the Czech Republic completed a questionnaire comprising measures of burnout and psychosocial work environment characteristics from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. We formulated a structural model that hypothesised a positive effect of job demands (quantitative demands, work-family conflict (WFC), job insecurity) and a negative effect of job resources (influence, social community, role clarity) on burnout. Results showed that the strongest predictor of burnout was WFC, which had a direct positive effect on burnout and mediated the positive effect of quantitative demands on burnout. Further, a small direct negative effect of age and an indirect positive effect of involvement in research grants and administrative paperwork on burnout were observed. The findings indicate that university management can most effectively address burnout in academic staff not only by implementing policies that reduce WFC, workload and administrative paperwork, but also by providing more job resources to younger faculty and faculty involved in grant-based projects.
Neurons in Monkey Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Code Beginning and Progress of Step-by-Step Schedule, Reward Expectation, and Amount of Reward Outcome in the Reward Schedule Task

The dorsal raphe nucleus is the major source of serotonin in the brain. It is connected to brain regions related to reward processing, and the neurons show activity related to predicted reward outcome. Clinical observations also suggest that it is important in maintaining alertness and its apparent role in addiction seems to be related to reward processing. Here, we examined whether the neurons in dorsal raphe carry signals about reward outcome and task progress during multitrial schedules. We recorded from 98 single neurons in dorsal raphe of two monkeys. The monkeys perform one, two, or three visual discrimination trials (schedule), obtaining one, two, or three drops of liquid. In the valid cue condition, the length and brightness of a visual cue indicated schedule progress and reward amount, respectively. In the random cue condition, the visual cue was randomly presented with respect to schedule length and reward amount. We found information encoded about (1) schedule onset, (2) reward expectation, (3) reward outcome, and (4) reward amount in the mean firing rates. Information theoretic analysis showed that the temporal variation of the neuronal responses contained additional information related to the progress of the schedule toward the reward rather than only discriminating schedule onset or reward/no reward. When considered in light of all that is known about the raphe in anatomy, physiology, and behavior, the rich encoding about both task progress and predicted reward outcome makes the raphe a strong candidate for providing signals throughout the brain to coordinate persistent goal-seeking behavior.
Modelling and H∞ force control of a nonlinear piezoelectric cantilever

During a micromanipulation, it is important to have the same performances whatever the manipulated object is. We present in this paper the control of the force applied to flexible and rigid micro-objects by a piezoelectric cantilever. First, the voltage-force transfer function is modeled. The hysteresis and creep phenomena are taken into account. The reliance of the model on the characteristics of the micro-objects is clearly detailed. Then, in order to reject disturbances and maintain tracking performances required in micromanipulation, a Hinfin controller is designed. Finally, the experimental results end the paper.
An Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Distinct Emotions

According to evolutionary accounts of distinct emotions, these emotions are shaped by natural selection to adjust the physiological, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral parameters of an organism to facilitate its capacity to respond adaptively to threats and opportunities present in the environment. This account has a number of implications, most notably: (a) each distinct emotion serves, or served, an adaptive function, and (b) emotions are comprised of multiple components, all of which should be functional. In this article, I briefly outline an evolutionary approach to understanding distinct emotions, then explain how this approach could be falsified, how one’s own emotion experience differs from the observation of an emotion experience in someone else, and why variability in emotional responding should be expected.
Multichannel Double-Talk Detector based on Fundamental Frequency Estimation

Multichannel acoustic echo cancellers aim at reducing the undesired acoustic coupling among microphones and loudspeakers in multichannel audio/video teleconferencing systems. In this scenario, double-talk refers to the situation in which there is an active speaker both in the remote room and in the local room. The detection of double-talk is one of the main issues to be faced in such systems to ensure a correct echo cancellation. Indeed, filters coefficients update has to be suppressed during double-talk in order to prevent the filter from diverging because of the presence of the local speaker. In this paper, a novel approach for double-talk detection is discussed based on the estimation of the fundamental frequency of the residual error signals through adaptive second-order notch filters. More specifically, simultaneous speaker activity in the remote and local rooms is revealed by exploiting the same frequency tracking introduced for multichannel decorrelation. Several experiments have been carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach also making comparison with other solutions of the state of the art.
ProRankSys: Ranking consumer products by predicting opinion's weight on reviews

The advancement of web has empowered e-commerce facilities and induced the intimidation of physical stores gradually. The online shopping space is growing all over the world. The consumers who mainly shop for products or services, before purchasing they wish to check for the product reviews that have been commented by other consumers. Therefore, analyzing the consumer reviews of online shopping is important to ease the future consumer's purchase. Generally, review analysis involves the process of determining the opinion polarity and then providing the results of performed analysis to the users by suggesting better products to users. Though various existing research methods are available for performing product analysis, it is important to reveal the individual opinion's weight by predicting the strength of each reviews and assessing the overall rank of the product by consolidating the predicted review strength. Therefore, the Online consumers can find out the reviews what they intended to attain quickly without searching all the reviews. The experimental result show that the proposed work yields better recommendation on products.
MR Imaging Findings in the Reticular Formation in Siblings with MPV17-Related Mitochondrial Depletion Syndrome

SUMMARY: Hepatocerebral MPV17-MDS is quite rare (<30 confirmed cases), with limited findings described on MR imaging. We report 2 siblings having abnormalities within the reticular formation of the lower brain stem and within the reticulospinal tracts at the cervicocranial junction on T2WI. The presence of these MR imaging findings (relative to previous reports) raises the possibility that they represent subtle but characteristic findings corresponding to clinically observed abnormalities of tone encountered with this recently described disorder.
Parallel Contour-Buildup algorithm for the molecular surface

Molecular Dynamics simulations are an essential tool for many applications. The simulation of large molecules — like proteins — over long trajectories is of high importance e. g. for pharmaceutical, biochemical and medical research. For analyzing these data sets interactive visualization plays a crucial role as details of the interactions of molecules are often affected by the spatial relations between these molecules. From the large range of visual representations for such data, molecule surface representations are of high importance as they clearly depict geometric interactions, such as docking or substrate channel accessibility. However, these surface visualizations are computationally demanding and thus pose a challenge for interactive visualization of time-dependent data sets. We propose an optimization of the Contour-Buildup algorithm for the Solvent Excluded Surface (SES) to remedy this issue. An optimized subdivision of calculation tasks of the original algorithm allows for full utilization of massive parallel processing hardware. Our approach is especially well suited for modern graphics hardware employing the CUDA programming language. As we do not rely on any pre-computations our method is intrinsically applicable to time-dependent data with arbitrarily long trajectories. We are able to visualize the SES for molecules with up to ten thousand atoms interactively on standard consumer graphics cards.
The attitudes and perceptions of beginning teachers in relation to teaching controversial issues in the history classroom

espanolEste articulo es una investigacion de las actitudes y percepciones de los profesores de historia en relacion con la ensenanza de temas polemicos. En 2007, el Department for Education and Skills del Reino Unido, junto con la Historical Association, publico un informe sobre la ensenanza de temas controvertidos en la clase de historia en el que sugirieron que algunos profesores evitaban algunos de estos temas. La investigacion inicial se llevo a cabo con 32 profesores de historia principiantes para explorar sus actitudes hacia la ensenanza de temas polemicos en el aula de historia. Diez anos mas tarde, la investigacion se repitio con una cohorte de 37 profesores de historia principiantes para comprobar si las actitudes habian cambiado. Los resultados mostraron un entusiasta, casi moralista grupo de profesores principiantes, comprometidos a compartir una amplia gama de puntos de vista con su alumnado. Los maestros principiantes estaban notablemente seguros de ensenar temas polemicos. El area donde los maestros principiantes carecian de confianza era en el trato con los padres que no estaban de acuerdo con su acercamiento a ensenar ciertos temas. Casi todos los profesores principiantes pensaron que era apropiado que los maestros de historia ensenaran temas de una manera que pudiera entrar en conflicto con los valores familiares o culturales. Nuevas preocupaciones han surgido para algunos maestros principiantes sobre como ensenar la historia de la migracion de una manera sensible y apropiada. EnglishThis paper reports on research into the attitudes and perceptions of beginning history teachers in relation to teaching controversial issues. In 2007 the UK Department for Education and Skills, alongside the Historical Association, published a report into the teaching of emotive and controversial issues in history which suggested avoidance of some topics by some teachers. Initial research was carried out with 32 beginning history teachers to explore their attitudes to teaching controversial issues in the history classroom. Ten years later, the research was repeated with a further cohort of 37 beginning history teachers to explore whether attitudes had changed. Findings showed an enthusiastic, almost moralistic group of beginning teachers, committed to sharing a wide range of views with their young audience. The beginning teachers were remarkably confident about teaching controversial issues. The area where beginning teachers lacked confidence was in dealing with parents who disagreed with their approach to teaching a certain topic. Almost all the beginning teachers thought it was appropriate for history teachers to teach topics in a way that might conflict with family or cultural values. New concerns have emerged for some beginning teachers over how to teach the history of migration in a sensitive and appropriate way.
Intelligent Systems Engineering: Optical network applications

Some recent applications of methods from Intelligent Systems Engineering (ISE) to key research problem areas in optical networking are reviewed. A brief introduction to ISE for a general technical audience is given, focusing on the methods that will appear in the applications considered. Progress in generic network design and optimization techniques applicable to the optical domain is outlined, after which specific examples are described. In particular, the use of fuzzy logic in optical CDMA, the employment of genetic algorithms to optimize indoor optical wireless transmission, the use of artificial neural networks for predistortion in radio over fiber and the determination of optimum routes in optical core networks are presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future directions for ISE in optical networking.