Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Performance of Mathematical Models for Surgical Decisions on Head Injury Patients

This paper compares three mathematical models for surgical decisions on head injury patients. A logistic regression and two neural network models were developed using a large clinical database. Using randomly selected 9480 cases as the training group and another 3160 cases as the validation group. We evaluated the performance of a logistic regression model, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural net and a radial-basis-function (RBF) neural net in terms of their accuracy in predicting physician’s decision on openskull surgery. The resultant area under ROC curve for logistic regression, MLP and RBF neural nets are 0.761, 0.897 and 0.880 respectively. The results suggest that neural networks may be a better solution for complex, non-linear medical decision support systems than conventional statistical techniques such as logistic regression.
NII, Japan at MediaEval 2012 Violent Scenes Detection Affect Task

Violent scene detection (VSD) is a challenging problem because of the heterogeneous content, large variations in video quality, and semantic meaning of the concepts. The Violent Scenes Detection Task of MediaEval [1] provides a common dataset and evaluation protocol thus enables a fair comparison of methods. In this paper, we describe our VSD system used in MediaEval 2014 and briey discuss the performance results obtained in main subjective tasks. In this year, we focus on improving the trajectory-based motion features that have been proven eective in previous year’s evaluation. Besides that, we also adopt SIFT-based and audio features as in last year’s system. We combined these features using late fusion. Our results show that the trajectory-based motion features still have very competitive performance and the combination with still image features and audio features can improve overall performance.
Psychological Sense of Community in Groups on the Internet

Abstract Psychological sense of community (PSOC) was studied within two types of virtual community and one type of community of place. Fifty-six members of these community groups completed the Sense of Community Index (SCI). An analysis of variance found partial support for the initial hypotheses with the intentional-community-of-place group scoring significantly higher on the SCI than the location-oriented virtual community. The results were discussed in the context of 3 PSOC correlates of depth of disclosure, reciprocity and shared interests/experience. It was concluded that virtual communities may contribute to overall PSOC.
ICA-Based Potential Significant Feature Extraction for Market Forecast

Most of market demands are greatly dynamically changed such as in finance, industries and etc. In order to adapt to the highly dynamic changes of market and reduce cost and risk, we need to develop effective management strategies based on accurate market demand forecast. Many of the traditional forecasting methods, such as the neural network, ARIMA, which based on historical data, cannot find out the hidden remarkable features behind the data, thereby affecting the accuracy of forecasting. In this paper, ICA as one of the most popular signal decomposition technologies in recent years is introduced to excavate the potential information of market for better prediction of dynamic changes in market demand and mining of margin customer, where ICA plays an important role of preprocessing. The experiments show that the prediction based on ICA preprocessing is superior to direct prediction by neural network, and successful to excavate potential customers for better market directing. In addition, we also address the essential difference of dimension reduction using PCA and ICA show that these two approaches are different at the aspect of sensitivity to dimensions although they both are pre-processing methods of dynamic data, even if the accumulative contribution rate of ICA is 7.4% less than that of PCA the former still attains the same prediction results as the latter.
Differential gene expression in human lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

PURPOSE Differential cDNA library screening was performed on 7 human lung adenocarcinomas and 7 human lung squamous cell carcinomas and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues using a human lung cDNA library constructed from the normal bronchoalveolar cells of a 72-year-old male smoker. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Of the 2758 clones that were differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues in the preliminary cDNA library screening analysis, 1163 clones were confirmed by dot blot, revealing a confirmation rate of >40%. DNA of confirmed clones was sequenced and was subjected to GenBank Blast searches. RNA expression levels were then individually analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS Ninety-two genes/sequences were differentially expressed in adenocarcinomas and/or squamous cell carcinomas compared with their corresponding normal tissues. Several genes were underexpressed by at least 50% in both tumor types such as c-fos, decorin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, EGR1, and fibronectin. Ribosomal protein S3 was underexpressed only in squamous cell carcinomas, whereas expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC9, and clone 333E23 on chromosome Xq21.1 were altered only in adenocarcinomas. Several genes discovered recently of which the functions are unknown, such as KIAA0728 and KIAA0425, were also differentially expressed in both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. CONCLUSIONS Many of these known and novel genes may be involved in human lung tumorigenesis; therefore, additional characterization is warranted and will be beneficial to the understanding of this deadly disease.
Using Complex Event Processing to support data fusion for ambulance coordination

In Emergency Medical Assistance an efficient coordination of the ambulance fleet is crucial for enhancing patient treatment by reducing response times. Basic requirement for ambulance coordination is comprehensive information about the current state of the entire ambulance fleet. State information is usually transmitted by the ambulance crew members. However, manually operated state information is often inaccurate and not always up-to-date due to the stressful work of those professionals. In this paper, we propose a novel event-driven architecture for ambulance coordination in Emergency Medical Assistance. The approach integrates two technologies: (a) Complex Event Processing for intelligent real-time data fusion of sensor data in conjunction with (b) a finite state machine that represents the operational state of an ambulance car. Complex Event Processing gathers and analyses streams of sensor data emitted by the ambulance in order to automatically trigger state transitions of the formally specified state machine model of the vehicle. A major advantage of the approach is its ability to incorporate situation-awareness and reliability in ambulance coordination and, as a consequence, to improve the effectiveness of Emergency Medical Assistance.
Synaptic Plasticity Deficits and Mild Memory Impairments in Mouse Models of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required in a number of critical cellular signaling events, including those underlying hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory; however, the source of ROS is unknown. We previously have shown that NADPH oxidase is required for N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent signal transduction in the hippocampus, suggesting that NADPH oxidase may be required for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-dependent memory. Herein we present the first evidence that NADPH oxidase is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory. We have found that pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase block LTP. Moreover, mice that lack the NADPH oxidase proteins gp91phox and p47phox, both of which are mouse models of human chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also lack LTP. We also found that the gp91phox and p47phox mutant mice have mild impairments in hippocampus-dependent memory. The gp91phox mutant mice exhibited a spatial memory deficit in the Morris water maze, and the p47phox mutant mice exhibited impaired context-dependent fear memory. Taken together, our results are consistent with NADPH oxidase being required for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory and are consistent with reports of cognitive dysfunction in patients with CGD.
The common sense of dependence on smartphone: A comparison between digital natives and digital immigrants

Recently, mass media and researchers have begun to be concerned about excessive dependence on smartphones. Their interest, however, has largely focused on description of the phenomenon (i.e. severity of the addiction, current status of the addiction) or the development of measurement scales to assess the addiction. In this study, we ask a fundamental question about smartphone addiction: what users’ common sense of dependence on smartphones is. More specifically, employing a core–periphery analysis of social representations, this article explores how the younger generation has a different understanding of this addiction from the older generation. Findings of the study can provide a rich knowledge about users’ perceptions of and attitude toward smartphone addiction.
Metabolic alteration of HepG2 in scaffold‐based 3‐D culture: Proteomic approach

3‐D cell culture models are important in cancer biology since they provide improved understanding of tumor microenvironment. We have established a 3‐D culture model using HepG2 in natural collagen‐based scaffold to mimic the development of small avascular tumor in vivo. Morphological characterization showed that HepG2 colonies grew within the interior of the scaffold and showed enhanced extracellular matrix deposition. High levels of cell proliferation in the outermost regions of the scaffold created a hypoxic microenvironment in the 3‐D culture system, as indicated by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α stabilization, detectable by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Proteomic studies showed decreased expression of several mitochondrial proteins and increased expression of proteins in anaerobic glycolysis under 3‐D culture compared to monolayer culture. Creatine kinase was also upregulated in 3‐D culture, indicating its possible role as an important energy buffer system under hypoxic microenvironment. Increased levels of proteins in nucleotide metabolism may relate to cellular energy. Thus, our results suggest that HepG2 cells under 3‐D culture adapt their energy metabolism in response to hypoxic conditions. Metabolic alterations in the 3‐D culture model may relate to physiological changes relevant to development of small avascular tumor in vivo and their study may improve future therapeutic strategies.
Platform-independent reverse debugging of the virtual machines

Prototyping and debugging of operating systems and drivers are very tough tasks because of hardware volatility, kernel panics, blue screens of death, long periods of time required to expose the bug, perturbation of the drivers by the debugger, and non-determinism of multi-threaded environment. This paper shows how the deterministic replay of the virtual machine execution can be used to reduce the impact of these factors to the process of debugging. We present an approach to reverse debugging which allows creating multi-target whole-system debugger. Using this debugger one can investigate the failures affecting behavior of virtual hardware and guest software. Our debugger is capable of replaying whole virtual machine execution with reproducing internal state of all virtual devices. Although reverse debugging was a subject of many previous researches, there is no widely available practical tool for debugging software on different platforms. We present reverse debugger as a practical tool, which was tested for Í386, x86-64, MIPS, and ARM platforms, for Windows and Linux guest operating systems. One can use this debugger to debug user-and kernel-level code, deterministic functional modelling of peripheral devices and hardware platforms. We show that this tool incurs 15-40% recording overhead, which allows using our tool for debugging time-sensitive applications. We presented reverse execution implementation as a set of patches. Some of the patches were already included into mainline QEMU.
A novel architecture for secure communications in mobile systems

Explosive growth in the number of mobile communication devices necessitates the need for more secure and energy-efficient schemes. They also pose additional constraints like limited battery-life and computational power, which add new dimensions to the conventional secure communication problem. In such a scenario, the need for newer paradigms and schemes cannot be over-estimated. This paper discusses one such approach, in the form of a secure & mobile-platform-conducive architecture design, which is a thoughtful application of existing algorithms like RSA and the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The core of this architecture lies in the fact that RSA public key operations are computationally much less intensive than the corresponding private key operations, while it is the other way around in ECC. Tests have been conducted to verify the claims. Results have shown that this architecture works better than the other architectures which can be employed in mobile communications.
Structural Invariance of Vocational Interests across Japanese and American Cultures.

Two samples of college students (Japanese, N = 373; American, N = 401) were given the Inventory of Occupational Preferences (T. J. G. Tracey & J. Rounds, 1996a), and the structural invariance across cultures was examined at the item and at various scale levels. Correlations of principal-components factor loadings demonstrated that the item structure was similar across cultures. Three separate scale structures were examined: Holland's six-type circular model, Tracey and Rounds's eight-type circular model, and Tracey and Rounds's spherical representation. The fit of the six-type and spherical models to the Japanese sample was significantly worse than their fit to the U.S. sample. There were no differences in cross-cultural fit for the eight-type model. Few structure differences were found between and within genders.
From Marginalization to (Dis)Empowerment: Organizing Training and Employment Services for Refugees

Although many UK-based refugees have professional qualifications and experience, they experience high unemployment. This article draws on a study of organizations providing employment-related services to refugees. It explores the discourses and narratives of the providers and refugee users of these services in relation to contrasting constructions of refugee identity. Both the official discourse of refugee resettlement and providers’ accounts emphasize the idea of ‘empowerment’, reflected also in refugee participants’ presentation of themselves as active subjects. But, in an environment characterized as largely unfriendly to refugees, enacting such an identity is difficult. Empowerment has become increasingly associated with refugee participation, self-help and the involvement of refugee community organizations. However, the association of ‘community’ with a position on the margins may serve to reinforce refugees’ outsider status. The question is raised, for both individual refugees and refugee organizations, of the possibility and desirability of choosing not to perpetuate a separate refugee identity.
A cross‐cultural study of environmental belief structures in USA, Japan, Mexico, and Peru

Throughout history, the way in which people conceive nature/human relationships has dramatically changed, and different cultures also have divergent notions regarding the role humans play in nature. In Western societies a “new environmental paradigm” (NEP) of ecological nature has apparently replaced the old “human exception paradigm” (HEP), which conceives of humans as being superior and apart from nature. Previous research has shown that, in those societies, a marked dichotomy exist between these two apparently contradictory paradigms, meaning that people who accept the NEP reject the HEP. Countries other than Western ones also exhibit a bias towards the ecological paradigm; however, their world‐views are not necessarily dualistic, since they may adhere to the NEP and, simultaneously, believe that human beings are “special. ” This study compares world‐views in four different countries. Responses of 1358 undergraduates from USA, Japan, Mexico, and Peru to the HEP and the NEP scale were analysed to see if .
A Pediatric Perspective on Sport-Related Concussion

Concussions resulting from sports and recreational activities are a significant concern in the pediatric population. The number of children and adolescents sustaining sport-related concussions is increasing and, as a result, legislation has been passed in all 50 states to ensure appropriate recognition and referral of pediatric athletes following concussion. The developing brain may make the diagnosis, assessment, and management of concussion more challenging for health care providers and requires the use of specific age-appropriate assessment tools. Concussion management must also include considerations for cognitive and physical rest, a collaborative concussion management team that includes medical and school personnel, and more conservative stepwise progressions for returning to school and to physical activity.
Maximum-likelihood dynamic intonation model for concatenative text-to-speech system

In this work we present a Maximum Likelihood (ML) joint pitch curve modeling, inspired by HMM TTS synthesis concept. This model provides an optimal solution for the coarse target intonation curve (3 points per syllable) and incorporates both static and dynamic pitch values for better utterance intonation modeling. The coarse intonation curve may be optionally combined with the original pitch extracted from the concatenated units, by a technique, named microprosody preservation, which is also described. The latter is intended for reducing pitch modification ratio and improving sound naturalness for large-scale concatenative TTS systems. The proposed model was successfully applied on IBM’s trainable concatenative TTS system improving the subjective intonation quality.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Enhances the Effects of Melodic Intonation Therapy

Research has suggested that a fronto-temporal network in the right hemisphere may be responsible for mediating melodic intonation therapy’s (MIT) positive effects on speech recovery. We investigated the potential for a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to augment the benefits of MIT in patients with non-fluent aphasia by modulating neural activity in the brain during treatment with MIT. The polarity of the current applied to the scalp determines the effects of tDCS on the underlying tissue: anodal-tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases excitability. We applied anodal-tDCS to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere, an area that has been shown both to contribute to singing through the mapping of sounds to articulatory actions and to serve as a key region in the process of recovery from aphasia, particularly in patients with large left hemisphere lesions. The stimulation was applied while patients were treated with MIT by a trained therapist. Six patients with moderate to severe non-fluent aphasia underwent three consecutive days of anodal-tDCS + MIT, and an equivalent series of sham-tDCS + MIT. The two treatment series were separated by 1 week, and the order in which the treatments were administered was randomized. Compared to the effects of sham-tDCS + MIT, anodal-tDCS + MIT led to significant improvements in fluency of speech. These results support the hypothesis that, as the brain seeks to reorganize and compensate for damage to left hemisphere language centers, combining anodal-tDCS with MIT may further recovery from post-stroke aphasia by enhancing activity in a right hemisphere sensorimotor network for articulation.
On Representable Matroids and Ideal Secret Sharing

In secret sharing, the exact characterization of ideal access structures is a longstanding open problem. Brickell and Davenport (J. of Cryptology, 1991) proved that ideal access structures are induced by matroids. Subsequently, ideal access structures and access structures induced by matroids have attracted a lot of attention. Due to the difficulty of finding general results, the characterization of ideal access structures has been studied for several particular families of access structures. In all these families, all the matroids that are related to access structures in the family are representable and, then, the matroid-related access structures coincide with the ideal ones. In this paper, we study the characterization of representable matroids. By using the well known connection between ideal secret sharing and matroids and, in particular, the recent results on ideal multipartite access structures and the connection between multipartite matroids and discrete polymatroids, we obtain a characterization of a family of representable multipartite matroids, which implies a sufficient condition for an access structure to be ideal. By using this result and further introducing the reduced discrete polymatroids, we provide a complete characterization of quadripartite representable matroids, which was until now an open problem, and hence, all access structures related to quadripartite representable matroids are the ideal ones. By the way, using our results, we give a new and simple proof that all access structures related to unipartite, bipartite and tripartite matroids coincide with the ideal ones.
Denserks: Fortran Sensitivity Solvers Using Continuous, Explicit Runge-kutta Schemes

DENSERKS is a Fortran sensitivity equation solver package designed for integrating models whose evolution can be described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A salient feature of DENSERKS is its support for both forward and adjoint sensitivity analyses, with built-in integrators for both first and second order continuous adjoint models. The software implements explicit Runge-Kutta methods with adaptive timestepping and high-order dense output schemes for the forward and the tangent linear model trajectory interpolation. Implementations of six Runge-Kutta methods are provided, with orders of accuracy ranging from two to eight. This makes DENSERKS suitable for a wide range of practical applications. The use of dense output, a novel approach in adjoint sensitivity analysis solvers, allows for a high-order cost-effective interpolation. This is a necessary feature when solving adjoints of nonlinear systems using highly accurate Runge-Kutta methods (order five and above). To minimize memory requirements and make long-time integrations computationally efficient, DENSERKS implements a two-level checkpointing mechanism. The code is tested on a selection of problems illustrating first and second order sensitivity analysis with respect to initial model conditions. The resulting derivative information is also used in a gradient-based optimization algorithm to minimize cost functionals dependent on a given set of model parameters.