Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of non‐numerical evidence during nonsymbolic number processing in the brain: An fMRI study

Behavioral evidence has shown that when performing a nonsymbolic number comparison task (e.g., deciding which of two dot arrays contains more dots), participants' responses are sensitive to affected by both numerical (e.g., number of items) and non‐numerical magnitudes (i.e., area, density, etc.). Thus far it is unclear what brain circuits support this process of accumulating non‐numerical variables during nonsymbolic number processing. To investigate this, 21 adult participants were asked to engage in a dot comparison task. To measure the neural correlates of accumulating numerical and non‐numerical variables, we manipulated the number of the non‐numerical magnitudes that were congruent (correlated with number) or incongruent (anticorrelated with number). In a control task, participants were asked to choose the darker of two gray rectangles (brightness task). The tasks were matched in terms of their difficulty. The results of a whole brain analysis for regions sensitive to the congruity of numerical and non‐numerical magnitudes revealed a region in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Activation in this region was found to be correlated with the relative congruency of numerical and non‐numerical magnitudes. In contrast, this region was not modulated by difficulty of the brightness control task. Accordingly in view of these findings, we suggest that the rIFG supports the accumulation of non‐numerical magnitudes that are positively correlated with number. Therefore taken together, this study reveals a brain region whose pattern of activity is influenced by the congruency between numerical and non‐numerical variables during nonsymbolic number judgments. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4908–4921, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bildung als Schlüssel zur Integration: Nur eine realistische Flüchtlingspolitik wird Erfolg haben

Bildung in Form von Sprache und Qualifikation ist der Schlussel zur Integration von Fluchtlingen am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt und damit auch in die Gesellschaft. Sie wird nur gelingen, wenn die Politik von realistischen Pramissen uber das Bildungs- und Qualifikationsniveau der Fluchtlinge ausgeht. In ihrer Breite werden die derzeit in Deutschland ankommenden Fluchtlinge den im demographischen Wandel begrundeten zukunftigen Fachkraftebedarf nicht decken. Bei den Fluchtlingskindern mussen eine moglichst breite Verteilung auf die Schulen und eine schnelle Teilnahme am normalen Unterricht an erster Stelle stehen. Wenn die Integration der Fluchtlingskinder durch Bildung gelingt, konnen es diese sein, die in der nachsten Generation die demographischen Probleme abschwachen.
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Portopulmonary hypertension

Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is defined as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) complicated by portal hypertension, with or without advanced hepatic disease. Significant percentage of patients with cirrhotic liver disease has high cardiac output and subsequently elevated pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP). However, patients with POPH develop a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which is generally lower than that observed in other forms of PAH. The prognosis of untreated patients with POPH is very poor and the outcome of liver transplant (LT) in those patients is determined by the degree of severity of the associated pulmonary hemodynamics. In this narrative review, we describe the clinical presentation of POPH, the pathobiology, and the clinical implication of pulmonary hemodynamics. We also provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosic and management approaches of POPH.
Is Assessment of Absolute Myocardial Perfusion with SPECT Ready for Prime Time?

Quantification of absolute myocardial flow and flow reserve using dynamic PET imaging has now been more widely applied clinically to detect microvascular disease, improve diagnostic accuracy for detection of coronary artery disease, and improve prognostic implications of stress perfusion imaging in patients with heart disease (1). PET imaging offers some distinct advantages over SPECT imaging for the assessment of absolute myocardial flow, including higher count sensitivity and higher spatial resolution than SPECT; well-established approaches for attenuation correction for all PET imaging systems; and approved radiotracers with favorable kinetics for the assessment of absolute myocardial perfusion. The clinical quantification of myocardial flow with PET has been facilitated by the availability of several Food and Drug Administration–approved quantitative software programs that are commercially available. These programs have been shown to be highly reproducible and comparable for estimation of myocardial flow reserve in patients, although some differences exist among these programs for estimation of absolute myocardial flow (2). Although the availability of hybrid PET/CT scanners is growing,
Activity Prediction on Mobile Devices

In the modern era, nearly everyone carries with them devices loaded with sensors and advanced processors, and often boast 24/7 network connectivity. However, most of the time these devices are underutilized, spending most of their lives idling in the pockets or bags of the everyday person. Proposed here is a technique for activity prediction based on a wide array of sensors on a mobile phones, and the ability to request the current activity of it’s user over a network. This is a potentially useful technology for any application that needs the current status of a primary actor, such as Human-Robot interaction problems, or activity logging for health care purposes.
A Short History of Archaeology in the Uists, Outer Hebrides

Abstract The Scottish islands have played a role in the development of Scottish archaeology that seems disproportionate to the size of the islands. The archaeology of the islands is often considered to exemplify Scottish archaeology much to the annoyance of archaeologists working on the mainland where the archaeology is very different. This is particularly the case with Orkney where the archaeological record is exceptional in many ways and where the history of exploration has been extensive, but the Hebrides have also made a major contribution and one which has perhaps been overlooked. In this paper, I propose to give a brief introduction to the archaeology of the southern Outer Hebrides. The region has had an episodic record of archaeological interventions which includes work by some important figures in the history of Scottish archaeology and it has played a surprisingly significant role in some key archaeological debates and developments such as the nature of brochs, the distribution of chambered cairns, the early development of rescue archaeology, and the problem of unpublished archaeological backlogs.
A role for Drosophila Polo protein in chromosome resolution and segregation during mitosis

Correct chromosome structure is essential to ensure faithful segregation during mitosis. Chromosome condensation occurs at the same time as cohesion is released from the arms of the sister chromatids. It is not until metaphase-anaphase transition that chromosomes lose cohesion completely, by proteolysis of the component of the cohesin complex Scc1 (Sister chromatid cohesion 1). It has been shown in vertebrates that the Polo-like kinase, Plk1, is important for this process by inducing the destabilization of Scc1 from the chromosome arms. It is still unclear if this process is conserved in other high eukaryotes, namely in Drosophila. Here we analysed the consequences over chromosome resolution of the downregulation of Drosophila Polo, both by mutant analysis and by RNAi-depletion in S2 cells. We show that the depletion of Polo results in a strong a prometa/metaphase arrest with the spindle checkpoint activated in response to lack of tension. In addition, the checkpoint protein ROD fails to stream over the kinetochore microtubules in the lack of Polo activity. We also show that loss of Polo causes strong defects in chromosome resolution, a phenotype we partially rescued by depleting Scc1. Importantly, we show Scc1 fails to accumulate on the kinetochores during mitosis and remains on the chromosome arms in the absence of Polo. We therefore propose an alternative role for Drosophila Polo in Scc1 redistribution during mitosis.
Recombinant Human Metapneumovirus Lacking the Small Hydrophobic SH and/or Attachment G Glycoprotein: Deletion of G Yields a Promising Vaccine Candidate

ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has recently been identified as a significant cause of serious respiratory tract disease in humans. In particular, the emerging information on the contribution of HMPV to pediatric respiratory tract disease suggests that it will be important to develop a vaccine against this virus for use in conjunction with those being developed for human respiratory syncytial virus and the human parainfluenza viruses. A recently described reverse genetic system (S. Biacchesi, M. H. Skiadopoulos, K. C. Tran, B. R. Murphy, P. L. Collins, and U. J. Buchholz, Virology 321:247-259, 2004) was used to generate recombinant HMPVs (rHMPVs) that lack the G gene, the SH gene, or both. The ΔSH, ΔG, and ΔSH/G deletion mutants were readily recovered and were found to replicate efficiently during multicycle growth in cell culture. Thus, the SH and G proteins are not essential for growth in cell culture. Apart from the absence of the deleted protein(s), the virions produced by the gene deletion mutants were similar by protein yield and gel electrophoresis protein profile to wild-type HMPV. When administered intranasally to hamsters, the ΔG and ΔSH/G mutants replicated in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, showing that HMPV containing F as the sole viral surface protein is competent for replication in vivo. However, both viruses were at least 40-fold and 600-fold restricted in replication in the lower and upper respiratory tract, respectively, compared to wild-type rHMPV. They also induced high titers of HMPV-neutralizing serum antibodies and conferred complete protection against replication of wild-type HMPV challenge virus in the lungs. Surprisingly, G is dispensable for protection, and the ΔG and ΔSH/G viruses represent promising vaccine candidates. In contrast, ΔSH replicated somewhat more efficiently in hamster lungs compared to wild-type rHMPV (20-fold increase on day 5 postinfection). This indicates that SH is completely dispensable in vivo and that its deletion does not confer an attenuating effect, at least in this rodent model.
Asymptotic Marginal Likelihood on Linear Dynamical Systems

Linear dynamical systems are basic state space models literally dealing with underlying system dynamics on the basis of linear state space equations. When the model is employed for time-series data analysis, the system identification, which detects the dimension of hidden state variables, is one of the most important tasks. Recently, it has been found that the model has singularities in the parameter space, which implies that analysis for adverse effects of the singularities is necessary for precise identification. However, the singularities in the models have not been thoroughly studied. There is a previous work, which dealt with the simplest case; the hidden state and the observation variables are both one dimensional. The present paper extends the setting to general dimensions and more rigorously reveals the structure of singularities. The results provide the asymptotic forms of the generalization error and the marginal likelihood, which are often used as criteria for the system identification. key words: Bayesian learning, Kalman filter, time-series data analysis
Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157 with O157-Specific Bacteriophages

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157 antigen-specific bacteriophages were isolated and tested to determine their ability to lyse laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A total of 53 bovine or ovine fecal samples were enriched for phage, and 5 of these samples were found to contain lytic phages that grow on E. coliO157:H7. Three bacteriophages, designated KH1, KH4, and KH5, were evaluated. At 37 or 4°C, a mixture of these three O157-specific phages lysed all of the E. coli O157 cultures tested and none of the non-O157 E. coli or non-E. colicultures tested. These results required culture aeration and a high multiplicity of infection. Without aeration, complete lysis of the bacterial cells occurred only after 5 days of incubation and only at 4°C. Phage infection and plaque formation were influenced by the nature of the host cell O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Strains that did not express the O157 antigen or expressed a truncated LPS were not susceptible to plaque formation or lysis by phage. In addition, strains that expressed abundant mid-range-molecular-weight LPS did not support plaque formation but were lysed in liquid culture. Virulent O157 antigen-specific phages could play a role in biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7 in animals and fresh foods without compromising the viability of other normal flora or food quality.
Common TCP Evaluation Suite for ns-3: Design, Implementation and Open Issues

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Common TCP Evaluation Suite for ns-3. The proposed evaluation suite uses Tmix to generate realistic synthetic TCP traffic, and is designed in line with the recommendations from Internet Congestion Control Research Group (ICCRG). We discuss the Tmix integration in ns-3, shuffling connection vectors of the real traces, architecture and validation of the proposed evaluation suite. The correctness of the evaluation suite is verified by comparing the results obtained from it to those from an existing implementation of such a suite in ns-2. Several open issues discovered with Tmix are also discussed in the paper.
D-4F reduces EO6 immunoreactivity, SREBP-1c mRNA levels, and renal inflammation in LDL receptor-null mice fed a Western diet Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 9, 2007.

LDL receptor-null (LDLR−/−) mice on a Western diet (WD) develop endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which are improved by the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide D-4F. Focusing on the kidney, LDLR−/−mice were fed a WD with D-4F or the inactive control peptide scrambled D-4F (ScD-4F) added to their drinking water. The control mice (ScD-4F) developed glomerular changes, increased immunostaining for MCP-1/CCL2 chemokine, increased macrophage CD68 and F4/80 antigens, and increased oxidized phospholipids recognized by the EO6 monoclonal antibody in both glomerular and tublo-interstitial areas. All of these parameters were significantly reduced by D-4F treatment, approaching levels found in wild-type C57BL/6J or LDLR−/− mice fed a chow diet. Sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA levels and triglyceride levels were elevated in the kidneys of the control mice (ScD-4F) fed the WD compared with C57BL/6J and LDLR−/− mice on chow (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and compared with D-4F-treated mice on the WD (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in plasma lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, blood pressure, or renal apoB levels between D-4F- and ScD-4F-treated mice. We conclude that D-4F reduced renal oxidized phospholipids, resulting in lower expression of SREBP-1c, which, in turn, resulted in lower triglyceride content and reduced renal inflammation.
1 1 2 AE 2 Cl-/ HCO 3-Exchanger is Required for Normal cAMP-stimulated 3 Anion Secretion in Murine Proximal Colon

31 Anion secretion by colonic epithelium is dependent on apical CFTR-mediated anion 32 conductance and basolateral ion transport. In many tissues, the NKCC1 Na-K-2Cl 33 cotransporter mediates basolateral Cl uptake. However, additional evidence suggests that the 34 AE2 Cl/HCO3 exchanger, when coupled with the NHE1 Na/H exchanger or a Na-HCO3 35 cotransporter (NBC), contributes to HCO3 and/or Cl uptake. To analyze the secretory 36 functions of AE2 in proximal colon, short-circuit current (Isc) responses to cAMP and inhibitors 37 of basolateral anion transporters were measured in muscle-stripped wild-type (WT) and AE238 null (AE2) proximal colon. In physiologic Ringers, the magnitude of cAMP-stimulated Isc was 39 the same in WT and AE2 colon. However, the Isc response in AE2 colon exhibited 40 increased sensitivity to the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide and decreased sensitivity to the 41 distilbene derivative SITS (which inhibits AE2 and some NBCs), indicating that loss of AE2 42 results in a switch to increased NKCC1-supported anion secretion. Removal of HCO3 resulted 43 in robust cAMP-stimulated Isc in both AE2 and WT colon that was largely mediated by 44 NKCC1, whereas removal of Cl resulted in sharply decreased cAMP-stimulated Isc in AE2 45 colon relative to WT controls. Inhibition of NHE1 had no effect on cAMP-stimulated Isc in AE2 46 colon but caused a switch to NKCC1-supported secretion in WT colon. Thus, in AE2 colon, 47 Cl secretion supported by basolateral NKCC1 is enhanced, while HCO3 secretion is 48 diminished. These results show that AE2 is a component of the basolateral ion transport 49 mechanisms that support anion secretion in the proximal colon. 50 51 52 53
Running Head : Shifting senses in lexical semantic development Shifting senses in lexical semantic development

Could a DVD be round? Could a DVD be an hour long? Could a movie be an hour long? Could a movie be round? LSA Cosine 0.08 (0.09) 0.07 (0.03) 0.11 (0.02) 0.21 (0.07)
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine as adjunctive treatment for adolescent mania.

OBJECTIVES This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in combination with divalproex (DVP) for acute mania in adolescents with bipolar disorder. It was hypothesized that DVP in combination with quetiapine would be more effective than DVP alone for treating mania associated with adolescent bipolar disorder. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that quetiapine would be well tolerated. METHOD Thirty manic or mixed bipolar I adolescents (12-18 years) received an initial DVP dose of 20 mg/kg and were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of combination therapy with quetiapine, which was titrated to 450 mg/day (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Primary efficacy measures were change from baseline to endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score and YMRS response rate. Safety and tolerability were assessed weekly. RESULTS The DVP + quetiapine group demonstrated a statistically significantly greater reduction in YMRS scores from baseline to endpoint than the DVP + placebo group (F(1,27) = 5.04, p =. 03). Moreover, YMRS response rate was significantly greater in the DVP + quetiapine group than in the DVP + placebo group (87% versus 53%; Fisher exact test, p =.05). No significant group differences from baseline to endpoint in safety measures were noted. Sedation, rated as mild or moderate, was significantly more common in the DVP + quetiapine group than in the DVP + placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that quetiapine in combination with DVP is more effective for the treatment of adolescent bipolar mania than DVP alone. In addition, the results suggest that quetiapine is well tolerated when used in combination with DVP for the treatment of mania.
A Low-Power Multi-Gate FET CMOS Technology with 13.9ps Inverter Delay, Large-Scale Integrated High Performance Digital Circuits and SRAM

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of digital performance of a Multi-Gate FET technology. Ring oscillators with metal gates and undopedfins show an inverter delay of 13.9ps at 1V, the highest performance of a Multi-Gate FET technology reported at 1.9nA off-current/stage. NAND and NOR show significant improvement in delay vs. stack height compared to bulk CMOS. SRAM cells and product-typical critical paths with more than 10k transistors demonstrate the capability for large-scale integration.
Incidence and Prediction of Early Antibody-Mediated Rejection due to Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen-Antibodies

Background. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is responsible for a large proportion of early allograft losses. While preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-antibodies (HLA-DSA) are accountable for the majority of these episodes, non-HLA-DSA are also involved. However, data on the incidence of early AMR due to non-HLA-DSA are currently lacking. Methods. This study evaluated (i) the incidence of early AMR due to non-HLA-DSA—defined by exclusion of circulating HLA-DSA detected by flow beads—and (ii) the association with donor-specific major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene (MICA)-antibodies (MICA-DSA) and angiotensin-receptor antibodies. A retrospective cohort (n=279) risk stratified by complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatches (CDC-XM era) and a prospective cohort (n=154) risk stratified by virtual crossmatching using flow beads (virtual-XM era) were investigated. Results. In the CDC-XM era 25/279 patients (9%) developed early AMR, but only 3/154 patients (2%) in the virtual-XM era (P=0.004). The incidence of early AMR due to HLA-DSA was significantly higher in the CDC-XM era than in virtual-XM era (18/279 patients [6.5%] vs. 0/154 patients [0%]; P=0.0005). However, the incidence of early AMR presumably due to non-HLA-DSA remained unchanged in these two cohorts (7/279 patients [2.5%] vs. 3/154 patients [2%]; P=1.0) consistent with a persisting gap in the ability to identify preformed DSA. Overall, 10/433 patients (2.3%) experienced early AMR presumably due to non-HLA-DSA. None of these 10 patients had angiotensin-receptor antibodies, at most 3/10 patients had MICA-DSA, while the antibodies remained unexplained in 7/10 cases. Conclusion. Early AMR due to non-HLA-DSA is a rare event, which is still difficult to predict by currently available assays.
The use of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry in studying lipid metabolism

Lipids have several important roles in the organism. First, they act as energetic substrates. The triacylglycerols (TAG) stored in adipose tissue represent the main part of body energy stores. Lipid oxidation contributes as much as 50% of energy needs in the postabsorptive state and becomes predominant in prolonged fasting and exercise (Cahill, 1976). Second, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of important bioactive molecules such as prostaglandins or leukotrienes. Last, phospholipids and complex lipids incorporated in membranes play a fundamental role in the structural organization of the cell. Stable isotopes and mass spectrometry (MS) are useful tools to study these various aspects of lipid metabolism. The present review will focus on lipids as energetic substrates. The reader interested in other aspects is referred to other excellent reviews (Gordon, 1980; Murphy, 1993).
Transient Response of Charge Collection by Single Ion Strike in 4H-SiC MESFETs

The radiation damage of 4H-SiC Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MESFETs) due to gamma rays was studied. The threshold voltage and Schottky property of gate contact varied only slightly after absorbed dose of 10.4 MGy(SiC). In addition, the transient response of charge collection was studied by using transient ion beam induced current (TIBIC) system. It was found that the collected charge was several orders of magnitudes higher than the charge induced in SiC by direct ionization. The most likely explanation of the enhanced charge collection was the bipolar and the channel modulation effects.