Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One-Step Statistical Parsing of Hybrid Dependency-Constituency Syntactic Representations

In this paper, we describe and compare two statistical parsing approaches for the hybrid dependency-constituency syntactic representation used in the Quranic Arabic Treebank (Dukes and Buckwalter, 2010). In our first approach, we apply a multi-step process in which we use a shift-reduce algorithm trained on a pure dependency preprocessed version of the treebank. After parsing, the dependency output is converted into the hybrid representation. This is compared to a novel one-step parser that is able to learn the hybrid representation without preprocessing. We define an extended labelled attachment score (ELAS) as our performance metric for hybrid parsing, and report 87.47% (F1 score) for the multi-step approach, and 89.03% (F1 score) for the one-step integrated algorithm. We also consider the effect of using different sets of morphological features for parsing the Quran, comparing our results to recent work on Modern Standard Arabic.
The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men

The exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men.
Galaxies going MAD: the galaxy-finder comparison project

With the ever-increasing size and complexity of fully self-consistent simulations of galaxy formation within the framework of the cosmic web, the demands upon object finders for these simulations have simultaneously grown. To this extent we initiated the Halo-Finder Comparison Project that gathered together all the experts in the field and has so far led to two comparison papers, one for dark matter field haloes, and one for dark matter subhaloes. However, as state-of-the-art simulation codes are perfectly capable of not only following the formation and evolution of dark matter but also accounting for baryonic physics, i.e. gas hydrodynamics, star formation, stellar feedback, etc., object finders should also be capable of taking these additional physical processes into consideration. Here we report - for the first time - on a comparison of codes as applied to the Constrained Local UniversE Simulation (CLUES) of the formation of the Local Group which incorporates much of the physics relevant for galaxy formation. We compare both the properties of the three main galaxies in the simulation (representing the Milky Way, Andromeda and M33) and their satellite populations for a variety of halo finders ranging from phase space to velocity space to spherical overdensity based codes, including also a mere baryonic object finder. We obtain agreement amongst codes comparable to (if not better than) our previous comparisons - at least for the total, dark and stellar components of the objects. However, the diffuse gas content of the haloes shows great disparity, especially for low-mass satellite galaxies. This is primarily due to differences in the treatment of the thermal energy during the unbinding procedure. We acknowledge that the handling of gas in halo finders is something that needs to be dealt with carefully, and the precise treatment may depend sensitively upon the scientific problem being studied.
A Java commodity grid kit

Developing advanced applications for the emerging national‐scale ‘Computational Grid’ infrastructures is still a difficult task. Although Grid services are available that assist the application developers in authentication, remote access to computers, resource management, and infrastructure discovery, they provide a challenge because these services may not be compatible with the commodity distributed‐computing technologies and frameworks used previously.
Special semi-supervised techniques for natural language processing tasks

A labeled natural language corpus is often difficult, expensive or time-consuming to obtain as its construction requires expert human effort. On the other hand, unlabelled texts are available in abundance thanks to the World Wide Web. The importance of utilizing unlabeled data in machine learning systems is growing. Here, we investigate classic semi-supervised approaches and examine the potential advantages of applying special techniques for Natural Language Processing tasks.
Exploring Genetic Factors Involved in Huntington Disease Age of Onset: E2F2 as a New Potential Modifier Gene

Age of onset (AO) of Huntington disease (HD) is mainly determined by the length of the CAG repeat expansion (CAGexp) in exon 1 of the HTT gene. Additional genetic variation has been suggested to contribute to AO, although the mechanism by which it could affect AO is presently unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the contribution of candidate genetic factors to HD AO in order to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disorder. For that purpose, two AO definitions were used: the earliest age with unequivocal signs of HD (earliest AO or eAO), and the first motor symptoms age (motor AO or mAO). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed between genetic variation within 20 candidate genes and eAO or mAO, using DNA and clinical information of 253 HD patients from REGISTRY project. Gene expression analyses were carried out by RT-qPCR with an independent sample of 35 HD patients from Basque Country Hospitals. We found suggestive association signals between HD eAO and/or mAO and genetic variation within the E2F2, ATF7IP, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, LINC01559, HIP1 and GRIK2 genes. Among them, the most significant was the association between eAO and rs2742976, mapping to the promoter region of E2F2 transcription factor. Furthermore, rs2742976 T allele patient carriers exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte E2F2 gene expression, suggesting a possible implication of E2F2-dependent transcriptional activity in HD pathogenesis. Thus, E2F2 emerges as a new potential HD AO modifier factor.
Cointégration entre les taux de change et les fondamentaux : changement de régime ou mémoire longue ?

Our object is to study the adjustment process of five European exchange rates toward their fundamentals on the 1979-1999 period. We consider two approaches, namely nonlinear cointegration and fractional cointegration, in order to discriminate between nonlinear short memory and linear long memory adjustment dynamics. The persistent deviations observed between the French real exchange rate and its fundamentals can be explained by the presence of long memory in the adjustment process.
Knot Estimation of the B-Spline Curve with Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 ( SPEA 2 )

Real-world problems are often multi-objectives. For solve these problems, multiple objectives conflicting with each other must simultaneously be optimize. Multi-objective optimization is very different from single-objective optimization. The objective for single-objective is to obtain a single design or the best decide. In the objectives conflicting with each other in a multi-objective optimization, the consensus on the set of obtained optimal solutions are provided. This set is often called to as a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. If a set of irregular points assumed to lie on or passes close to an unknown curve is given, B-spline curve estimation is a multi-objective Combinatorial optimization problem for the aim of finding parameters (control points, knot vector, etc) of the B-spline curve to estimates the corresponding curve in the order. Since 1985 for solving multi-objective optimization, several approaches using evolutionary algorithms are proposed. In this article, the B-spline curve knots has been estimated by using Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2. The success and the performance of the method are shown by the tests. Key-Words: Knot optimization, B-Spline Curve, Approximation, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2
Research With Trans Communities

In this article, we aim to provide readers with tools to critically consider decisions related to conducting research with trans populations. We first present the historical and contemporary contexts that shaped our approach to writing this article, and drawing from various social justice frameworks, we set forward our own critical framework to guide the discussion of research considerations with trans populations. We then move into discussing considerations for participant recruitment and sampling strategies, such as effective use of language in recruitment and study materials, consideration of research venues, and recruitment of diverse samples. We also provide a number of considerations related to research methods, study design, and dissemination of study results. Therefore, this article seeks to not only raise a number of important considerations for research with trans populations but also to provide readers with critical tools for adapting decision making when planning and conducting research with trans populations.
Development of efficient model updating technique using multi-stage response surfaces and derringer's function

In this paper, development of an efficient structural dynamic model updating technique is presented. Proposed technique is developed by combining and utilizing the benefits of multi-stage response surface method and Derringer's function. Computational efficiency of the proposed technique is achieved by utilizing the benefits of response surface method. The efficiency with which the proposed technique is able to accurately evaluate the updating parameters is increased by using multi-stages of response surface method. Use of Derringer's function helps in transforming the multi-objective optimization based model updating problem into a single objective type, thereby reducing the complexity level of the problem. It also helps in defining the model updating problem in a detailed and flexible manner. Success of proposed technique is demonstrated by applying it in updating the finite element model of a mechanical six degree-of-freedom spring-mass system.
A Handover Scheme for TD-SCDMA Femtocell Networks

As we know, 50% voice call and 70% data traffic originate indoor, in order to provide a good indoor coverage, operators prefer to let subscriber s deploy femtocells indoor instead of deploy distributed antenna systems (DAS) or Pico cells by themselves. This indoor coverage solution will offload traffic from outdoor macro cell significantly, enhance service quality and facilitate high data rate services due to the improved performance of radio links. However, handover procedures for the femtocell/macrocell network are different from the exiting macro cells handovers. Because of small coverage of femtocell, handover between femtocell and macro cell will happen frequently, so how to perform the handover with minimum signaling is very important. This work studies the handover between home femtocells and macro cell, in order to study mobility management schemes for this small scale femtocell networks deployment, firstly we present the femtocell network access architecture, then we proposed a brand new handover scheme for femtocells network. Then a detailed performance analysis of handover control has been made. Finally, a simple but effective scheme to minimize the unnecessary handovers has been proposed.
Network Resilience: Exploring Cascading Failures within BGP∗

Recent studies [1] have revealed vulnerabilities in the routing infrastructure of the Internet. It has been conjectured that these vulnerabilities could lead to cascading failures. In this paper we develop simple models for the interaction of routers, looking specifically at the clique topology. We construct two related models, and our analysis indicates that it is indeed possible to have cascading failures in systems such as a BGP clique. We encounter phase transitions in both our models, and we explore the dependence of system parameters on the nature and intensity of the phase transitions. Finally, we comment on the insights that we gain from our analysis.
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Reduces Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Growth and Invasiveness

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic factor that regulates cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression. Dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway in tumor cells often leads to resistance to the antiproliferative effects of TGFβ while supporting other cellular processes that promote tumor invasiveness and growth. In the present study, SD-208, a 2,4-disubstituted pteridine, ATP-competitive inhibitor of the TGFβ receptor I kinase (TGFβRI), was used to inhibit cellular activities and tumor progression of PANC-1, a human pancreatic tumor line. SD-208 blocked TGFβ-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of TGFβ-inducible proteins in cell culture. cDNA microarray analysis and functional gene clustering identified groups of TGFβ-regulated genes involved in metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. These gene responses were inhibited by SD-208. Using a Boyden chamber motility assay, we demonstrated that SD-208 inhibited TGFβ-stimulated invasion in vitro. An orthotopic xenograft mouse model revealed that SD-208 reduced primary tumor growth and decreased the incidence of metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggest mechanisms through which TGFβ signaling may promote tumor progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, they suggest that inhibition of TGFβRI with a small-molecule inhibitor may be effective as a therapeutic approach to treat human pancreatic cancer.
Electrically Tunable Collective Modes in a MEMS Resonator Array

Using optical diffraction, we study the mechanical vibrations of an array of micromechanical resonators. Implementing tunable electrostatic coupling between the suspended, doubly-clamped Au beams leads to the formation of a band of collective vibrational modes within these devices. The evolution of these modes with coupling strength is clearly manifested in the optical diffraction pattern of light transmitted through the array. The experimental results are analyzed using a simple model for one-dimensional phonons. These structures offer unique prospects for spectral analysis of complex mechanical stimuli.
A Mixture Model for Robust Point Matching under Multi-Layer Motion

This paper proposes an efficient mixture model for establishing robust point correspondences between two sets of points under multi-layer motion. Our algorithm starts by creating a set of putative correspondences which can contain a number of false correspondences, or outliers, in addition to the true correspondences (inliers). Next we solve for correspondence by interpolating a set of spatial transformations on the putative correspondence set based on a mixture model, which involves estimating a consensus of inlier points whose matching follows a non-parametric geometrical constraint. We formulate this as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of a Bayesian model with hidden/latent variables indicating whether matches in the putative set are outliers or inliers. We impose non-parametric geometrical constraints on the correspondence, as a prior distribution, in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). MAP estimation is performed by the EM algorithm which by also estimating the variance of the prior model (initialized to a large value) is able to obtain good estimates very quickly (e.g., avoiding many of the local minima inherent in this formulation). We further provide a fast implementation based on sparse approximation which can achieve a significant speed-up without much performance degradation. We illustrate the proposed method on 2D and 3D real images for sparse feature correspondence, as well as a public available dataset for shape matching. The quantitative results demonstrate that our method is robust to non-rigid deformation and multi-layer/large discontinuous motion.
Using Full Order and Reduced Order Observers for Robust Sensorless Predictive Torque Control of Induction Motors

In this paper, two kinds of observer-based sensorless predictive torque control methods are proposed. The predictive method is based on examining feasible voltage vectors (VVs) in a prescribed cost function. The VV that minimizes the cost function is selected. A novel robust prediction model is presented. The prediction model includes sliding mode feedbacks. The feedback gains are assigned by the H-inf method. Two kinds of observers are applied for flux and speed estimation, i.e., sliding mode full order observer and reduced order observer. In order to verify the proposed method, simulation and experimental results are presented in wide speed range. A comparison of the two methods is performed based on the results.
SCOTS: A Tool for the Synthesis of Symbolic Controllers

We introduce SCOTS a software tool for the automatic controller synthesis for nonlinear control systems based on symbolic models, also known as discrete abstractions. The tool accepts a differential equation as the description of a nonlinear control system. It uses a Lipschitz type estimate on the right-hand-side of the differential equation together with a number of discretization parameters to compute a symbolic model that is related with the original control system via a feedback refinement relation. The tool supports the computation of minimal and maximal fixed points and thus natively provides algorithms to synthesize controllers with respect to invariance and reachability specifications. The atomic propositions, which are used to formulate the specifications, are allowed to be defined in terms of finite unions and intersections of polytopes as well as ellipsoids. While the main computations are done in C++, the tool contains a Matlab interface to simulate the closed loop system and to visualize the abstract state space together with the atomic propositions. We illustrate the performance of the tool with two examples from the literature. The tool and all conducted experiments are available at www.hcs. ei.tum. de.
First Interferometric Observations of Molecular Gas in a Polar Ring: The Helix Galaxy NGC 2685

We have detected four giant molecular cloud associations (sizes ≤6.″6 ≈ 430 pc) in the western and eastern regions of the polar ring in NGC 2685 (the Helix galaxy) using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory millimeter interferometer. Emission from molecular gas is found close to the brightest Hα and H I peaks in the polar ring and is confirmed by new IRAM 30 m single-dish observations. The CO and H I line velocities are very similar, providing additional kinematic confirmation that the CO emission emerges from the polar ring. For the first time, the total molecular mass within a polar ring is determined [M ~ (8-11) × 106 M☉, using the standard Galactic conversion factor]. We detect about M ~ 4.4 × 106 M☉ in the nuclear region with the single dish. Our upper limit derived from the interferometric data is lower (M ≤ 0.7 × 106 M☉), suggesting that the molecular gas is distributed in an extended (≥1.3 kpc) diffuse disk. These new values are an order of magnitude lower than in previous reports. The total amount of molecular gas and the atomic gas content of the polar ring are consistent with formation due to accretion of a small gas-rich object, such as a dwarf irregular. The properties of the NGC 2685 system suggest that the polar ring and the host galaxy have been in a stable configuration for a considerable time (a few gigayears). The second (outer) H I ring within the disk of NGC 2685 is very likely at the outer Lindblad resonance of the ~11 kpc long stellar bar.
Daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched yoghurts: effects on energy metabolism and adipose tissue gene expression in healthy subjects

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. The present study was designed to determine whether 14-week CLA supplementation as triacylglycerols (3·76 g) with a 50 : 50 combination of the two main isomers (35 % cis-9, trans-11 and 35 % trans-10, cis-12) added to flavoured yoghurt-like products was able to alter body composition in healthy subjects and to alter the expression of several key adipose tissue genes (PPAR γ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2)). Forty-four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume daily either a CLA-supplemented yoghurt-like product or a placebo yoghurt for 98 d. There were no significant effects of CLA supplementation on body weight, fat mass or free fat mass. Basal energy expenditure expressed as kg free fat mass increased significantly in the CLA group (123·3 (sem 2·5) kJ/kg free fat mass per d on day 98 v. 118·7 (sem 2·3) kJ/kg free fat mass per d on day 0, P = 0·03). PPAR γ mRNA gene expression increased significantly with CLA supplementation (53 (sem 20) %, P < 0·01) and a significant reduction in mRNA levels of HSL was observed ( − 42 (sem 7) %, P = 0·01). The levels of UCP-2 and LPL mRNA were not affected. The present results suggest that a 98 d supplementation diet with a 50 : 50 mixture of the two CLA isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 in a dairy product was unable to alter body composition, although a significant increase in the RMR has been induced. Moreover, changes in mRNA PPAR γ and HSL in adipose tissue were recorded.
Fiber-optic triggered release of liposome in vivo: implication of personalized chemotherapy

The aim of this research is to provide proof of principle by applying the fiber-optic triggered release of photo-thermally responsive liposomes embedded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a 200 μm fiber with 65 mW and 532 nm excitation for topical release in vivo. The tunable delivery function can be paired with an apoptosis biosensor based on the same fiber-optic configuration for providing real-time evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy in vivo to perform as a personalized chemotherapy system. The pattern of topical release triggered by laser excitation conveyed through optical fibers was monitored by the increase in fluorescence resulting from the dilution of self-quenching (75 mM) fluorescein encapsulated in liposomes. In in vitro studies (in 37°C phosphate buffer saline), the AuNP-embedded liposomes showed a more efficient triggered release (74.53%±1.63% in 40 minutes) than traditional temperature-responsive liposomes without AuNPs (14.53%±3.17%) or AuNP-liposomes without excitation (21.92%±2.08%) by spectroscopic measurements. Using the mouse xenograft studies, we first demonstrated that the encapsulation of fluorescein in liposomes resulted in a more substantial content retention (81%) in the tumor than for free fluorophores (14%) at 120 minutes after administration from in vivo fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the preliminary results also suggested the tunable release capability of the system by demonstrating consecutive triggered releases with fiber-optic guided laser excitation.