Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel nonlinear coupling control approach for overhead cranes: Theory and implementation

This paper presents a novel nonlinear control approach for underactuated overhead crane systems, which guarantees both fast trolley positioning and sufficient payload swing eliminating performances. The controller is applicable to both regulation control and trajectory tracking control. Via the utilization of a payload position-like signal, the nonlinear coupling behavior between the actuated trolley horizontal motion and the unactuated payload swing is artificially enhanced. Specifically, by constructing an elegant error signal, the controller is put forward, and the overall crane dynamics is transformed into an interconnected system consisting of two subsystems with respect to (w.r.t.) the constructed error signal and the payload swing, respectively. Subsequently, both subsystems are proven to be input-to-state stable (ISS); by invoking the small gain theorem, we further show that the overall interconnected system is ISS, all of which are supported by Lyapunov techniques. LaSalle's invariance theorem is utilized to prove that the system state is driven to the equilibrium point. Numerical simulation results are included to demonstrate the feasibility and superior performance of the proposed method over existing methods, and its robustness against external disturbances.
Geometric reconstruction of Amir-Chakhmagh Square through backward-perspective

Purpose – Geometry, as the visual depiction of mathematics, has always comprised a major communicative language in architecture. Thus, geometry has traditionally been taught in architectural education to produce the perspective view of spaces from plans and elevations. This process is understood as a move from the actual to the abstract. The purpose of this paper is to show how the author has applied the geometry of perspective backwards to generate, from photos, the 3D reconstruction of a space that no longer exists.Design/methodology/approach – What are the original form and the morphological evolution of Amir‐Chakhmagh Square? To address this question, the author processed photos of the square through geometric simulation. After verifying that the photos are taken from the same square, the author developed a geometrical reconstruction process to come up with the plan and elevations of the spaces, which is enough to reconstruct the 3D model. Finally, by virtue of these documents, the author analyzed the.
Symptom-Focused Rumination and Sleep Disturbance

Rumination can prolong negative mood, disrupt sleep, and increase depression risk. Although there is evidence that poor sleepers ruminate, no studies have identified the ruminative content relevant for sleep disturbance. This study investigated (a) the association between rumination and sleep and (b) the ruminative content of poor sleepers. Results revealed that self-defined poor sleepers (n = 104) were more prone than self-defined good sleepers (n = 139) to ruminate and that the ruminative content was symptom focused (e.g., poor sleepers ruminated on causes of dysphoria, concentration, and fatigue symptoms). As dysphoria, reduced concentration, and fatigue are all commonly experienced daytime symptoms of insomnia, this preliminary finding of symptom-focused rumination should be further evaluated as a risk factor for further sleep disturbance in clinical samples as well as a possible link between insomnia and depression.
Low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐2/megalin is expressed in oligodendrocytes in the mouse spinal cord white matter

Lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐2 (LRP2)/megalin is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, and is essential in absorptive epithelia for endocytosis of lipoproteins, low molecular weight proteins, cholesterol and vitamins, as well as in cellular signaling. Previous studies have shown megalin expression in ependymal cells and choroid plexus. We have investigated megalin expression in the spinal cord of postnatal mice with immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. Antibodies recognizing either the cytoplasmic tail (MM6) or the extracellular domain (E11) of megalin labeled oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord white matter, in parallel with myelination. MM6 antibodies, predominantly labeled the nuclei, whereas E11 antibodies labeled the cytoplasm of these cells. MM6 antibodies labeled also nuclei of oligodendrocytes cultured from embryonic mouse spinal cord. Immunoblots of spinal cord showed intact megalin, as well as its carboxyterminal fragment, the part remaining after shedding of the extracellular domain of megalin. Megalin‐immunoreactive oligodendrocytes also expressed presenilin 1, an enzyme responsible for γ‐secretase mediated endodomain cleavage. These findings show that spinal cord oligodendrocytes are phenotypically different from those in the brain, and indicate that megalin translocates signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus of oligodendrocytes during the formation and maintenance of myelin of long spinal cord pathways. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cathode Hot Electrons and Anode Hot Holes in Tunneling MOS Capacitors

This paper presents simulations of electron and hole gate currents in thin oxide tunneling MOS capacitors, based on a newly developed Monte Carlo code for Si-SiO Si stacks. Fully bipolar simulations with state of the art Si and SiO transport models predict a previously neglected population of cathode hot electrons proportional to that of the anode hot holes, often regarded as responsible of oxide degradation. The bias dependence of this population is discussed in view of recently reported results on the role of hole injection and transport in device degradation.
Evidence for 100% 13C NMR visibility of glucose in human skeletal muscle

The accuracy of the measurement of total muscle glucose by in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy was tested in five normal volunteers during a euglycemic [1‐13C]glucose infusion. The NMR visible concentration calibrated using an external reference was compared with that calculated from plasma glucose concentration, assuming that glucose remained extracellular. The NMR measurement always provided higher values than the calculation from plasma glucose: 0.51 ± 0.035 (mean ± SE) versus 0.38 ± 0.005 mmol/liter of muscle on average. This systematic difference was interpreted as reflecting the presence of muscle glucose‐6‐phospnate, co‐resonating with free glucose. Thus, glucose appeared to be virtually 100% NMR visible in human skeletal muscle.
Natural Antibiotic Susceptibility of Proteus spp., with Special Reference to P. mirabilis and P. penneri Strains

Abstract The natural susceptibility of 102 Proteus mirabilis and 35 Proteus penneri strains to 71 antibiotics was examined. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by applying a microdilution procedure in IsoSensitest broth (for all strains) and cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (for some strains). P. mirabilis and P. penneri were naturally resistant to penicillin G, oxacillin, all tested macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, glycopeptides, rifampicin and fusidic acid. Both species were uniformly, naturally sensitive to all tested aminoglycosides, acylureidopenicillins, some cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, sulfamethoxazole and co-trimoxazole. Species-specific differences in natural susceptibility affecting clinical assessment criteria were seen with tetracyclines, several β1-lactams, chloramphenicol and nitrufurantoin. P. mirabilis was naturally resistant to all tested tetracyclines, and was naturally sensitive to all β1-lactams, except penicillin G and oxacillin. Strains of P. penneri were naturally sensitive or of intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines, and naturally resistant to amoxicillin (but sensitive or of intermediate susceptibility to aminopenicillins in the presence of β1-lactamase inhibitors) and some cephalosporins (i.e. cefaclor, cefazoline, loracarbef, cefurox-ime, cefotiam, and cefdinir). P. penneri was less susceptible than P. mirabilis to chloramphenicol; P. mirabilis was less susceptible than P. penneri to nitrofuran-toin. Major medium-dependent influences on the MICs were seen with fosfomycin. The present study describes a database concerning the natural antibiotic susceptibility of P. mirabilis and P. penneri strains to a range of antibiotics, which can be applied to validate forthcoming antibiotic susceptibility tests of these bacteria. It was shown that ten of fifteen amoxicillin-sensitive P. mirabilis strains produced β1-lactamases at a low level, supporting the thesis of the presence of a naturally-occurring β1-lactamase in this species. Natural susceptibility patterns are compared with those of a recent study, dealing with natural susceptibilities of species of the P. vulgaris complex.
The synaptonemal complex in genetic segregation.

The assembly, rearrangement and disassembly of the synaptonemal complex during the stages from leptotene to anaphase I of meiosis are described. The assembly of the lateral component of the synaptonemal complex between the sister chromatids of the leptotene chromosome causes the undivided appearance of the leptotene chromosome in the light microscope. During zygotene the lateral component mediates the assembly of the synaptonemal complex between homologous segments of homologous as well as homoeologous chromosomes. Chromosome and bivalent interlockings are a regular feature during chromosome pairing at zygotene. They are resolved by breakage and precise repair of the chromosomes. The phase of synaptonemal complex formation between homologous chromosome segments is succeeded by a phase of rearrangements. In this phase, chromosome homology is no longer required for synaptonemal complex assembly. This reduces the number of univalent chromosome sections. Rearrangement of chromosome pairing with the synaptonemal complex is not expected to take place at positions where a crossover has occurred. Disassembly of the synaptonemal complex at diplotene is initiated at specific regions along the bivalent arms. Chiasmata are formed from retained pieces of the synaptonemal complex in which a recombination nodule is or had been present. A limit to the number of available recombination nodules and a mechanism which ensures that at least one nodule is placed in each bivalent arm are sources for the positive interference observed in linkage studies employing three-point tests. The time of crossing over relative to the zygotene assembly and pachytene rearrangement phases of the synaptonemal complex determines if multivalents or exclusively bivalents are found at metaphase I in amphidiploids and autotetraploids. The synaptonemal complex provides both the structural basis for the regular disjunction of chromosomes at meiosis and gene recombination between homologous or homoeologous chromosome arms.
Living environment and schooling of children with HIV-infected parents in southwest China

Abstract A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Longchuan County, China, to study the lives of children with HIV-infected parents. Registered HIV-infected drug users and their households were approached and information about the living environment of children ≤15 years of age was collected. Of the 266 households interviewed, there were 213 children ≤15 years old. Forty percent of the children had lost at least one parent. Most of the children resided in a household with low economic status and a high dependency ratio. One-half of the children experienced discordant family relations, family anxiety and shame. Compared to orphans, non-orphans and their families were less likely to receive social support from the community. Orphans and older children were less likely to attend school and more likely to be truant if enrolled in school. Findings in the current study suggest that many children whose parents are infected with HIV or have died from HIV are living in stressful environments with minimal support from the community. Efforts should be taken to provide support and supervision to these children.
When Should We Use Unit Fixed Effects Regression Models for Causal Inference with Longitudinal Data?

Many researchers use unit fixed effects regression models as their default methods for causal inference with longitudinal data. We show that the ability of these models to adjust for unobserved time‐invariant confounders comes at the expense of dynamic causal relationships, which are permitted under an alternative selection‐on‐observables approach. Using the nonparametric directed acyclic graph, we highlight two key causal identification assumptions of unit fixed effects models: Past treatments do not directly influence current outcome, and past outcomes do not affect current treatment. Furthermore, we introduce a new nonparametric matching framework that elucidates how various unit fixed effects models implicitly compare treated and control observations to draw causal inference. By establishing the equivalence between matching and weighted unit fixed effects estimators, this framework enables a diverse set of identification strategies to adjust for unobservables in the absence of dynamic causal relationships between treatment and outcome variables. We illustrate the proposed methodology through its application to the estimation of GATT membership effects on dyadic trade volume.
Allied health graduate program – supporting the transition from student to professional in an interdisciplinary program

The transition from student to professional is challenging. Training programs provide discipline specific skills but do not adequately develop the interprofessional, team focused and work ready clinicians needed for the current workplace. In Australia, a formal graduate year is common in nursing; however, structured programs to support the student to professional transition are uncommon in allied health. This paper reports on the first year of an innovative program designed to address this gap. Fourteen new graduates at Northern Health in Melbourne, Australia from the disciplines of occupational therapy, physical education, physiotherapy, podiatry, social work and speech pathology participated in twelve, 2-hour sessions over a ten-month period during their first year of professional practice. These facilitated sessions aimed to foster reflective practice, peer support, to develop professional characteristics and provide an interdisciplinary forum for sharing experiences and learning. The paper outlines graduates and facilitators experience, together with the impacts for the health service.
Doxorubicin causes diaphragm weakness in murine models of cancer chemotherapy

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for a variety of tumors. While undergoing treatment, patients exhibit frequent symptoms that suggest respiratory muscle weakness. Cancer patients can receive doxorubicin chemotherapy through either intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) injections. We hypothesized that respiratory muscle function would be depressed in a murine model of chemotherapy. We tested this hypothesis by treating C57BL/6 mice with a clinical dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) via IV or IP injection. Three days later we measured contractile properties of muscle fiber bundles isolated from the diaphragm. Doxorubicin consistently depressed diaphragm force with both methods of administration (P < 0.01). Doxorubicin IP exaggerated the depression in diaphragm force and stimulated tissue inflammation and muscle fiber injury. These results suggest that clinically relevant doses of doxorubicin cause respiratory muscle weakness and that the loss of function depends, in part, on the route of administration. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Dielectric rod metasurfaces: Exploiting toroidal and magnetic dipole resonances

We demonstrate matched toroidal and magnetic dipole resonances in dielectric rod metasurfaces by combining an elliptical rod cross-section or a coupled-rod molecule with inter-cell coupling. Importantly, the resonances remain matched when varying the permittivity or rod radius, opening the possibility for wavefront shaping and tunable perfect absorption.
Identifying assessment measures and interventions reported for Thai children with cerebral palsy using the ICF-CY framework

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common disability in childhood. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standard framework for classifying performance in people with disability, including children with CP. Linking measures actually reported with the ICF classification promotes best practice, especially pertinent in developing countries such as Thailand. This study aimed to explore the charted demographic data, assessment and intervention measures reported for children with CP in Central region of Thailand using the ICF for children and youths (ICF-CY) framework to clarify the scope of actual management practice in this population. Methods: Charts of children admitted to four public hospitals and two schools in 2007–2009 were age stratified, and approximately 48% audited (n = 269). Results: Contextual information was clearly reported, and measures could be classified across all components of the ICF, being mainly classified in Body Structures and Functions and to a lesser degree, in Activities and Participation. Our ability to compare across cultures was affected by poor recording practices limiting the amount and quality of data available. Conclusions: Classifying measures of children with CP in Thailand in terms of the ICF-CY framework demonstrates their holistic management as well as where gaps need to be addressed, and thus contributes to best practice. Implications for Rehabilitation Assessments and interventions reported for children with CP in Central region, Thailand cover all components of the ICF-CY, and describe the individual roles of the Inter-professional team members. Local health practitioners should consistently conform with internationally practice by using Standardized tools assessing all components of the ICF Consistent and uniform charting practices should be used to provide accurate interpretation of actual practice, as well as a clear pathway from assessment to intervention.
Fault Detection for T-S Fuzzy Time-Delay Systems: Delta Operator and Input-Output Methods

This paper focuses on the problem of fault detection for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems with time-varying delays via delta operator approach. By designing a filter to generate a residual signal, the fault detection problem addressed in this paper can be converted into a filtering problem. The time-varying delay is approximated by the two-term approximation method. Fuzzy augmented fault detection system is constructed in δ-domain, and a threshold function is given. By applying the scaled small gain theorem and choosing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional in δ-domain, a sufficient condition of asymptotic stability with a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is derived for the proposed fault detection system. Then, a solvability condition for the designed fault detection filter is established, with which the desired filter can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A model for transient fault propagation in combinatorial logic

Transient faults (TFs) are increasingly affecting micro-electronic devices as their size decreases. During the design phase, the robustness of circuits for high reliability applications with respect to this kind of faults is generally validated through simulations. However, traditional HSPICE like simulators are too slow for the task of simulating the effects of TFs on large circuits. In this paper, we present a novel mathematical model to accurately estimate the possible propagation of transient fault-due glitches through a CMOS combinational circuit, which is suitable to be used into a new simulation tool able to provide good accuracy, while significantly speeding up simulations, with respect to HPSICE. In particular, our model allows approximately 90% accuracy with respect to HSPICE simulations.
The impact of impartial phonological contrast on speech perception

A trunk circuit control arrangement for a communication switching system having a common control unit includes duplicate trunk control highway circuits controlled by the common control unit for each of a plurality of trunk circuits to provide control signals for enabling control relays of the trunk circuits of each group to be selectively energized to establish different control states for the trunk circuits. Each trunk circuit includes a select relay the operation of which is controlled by the common control unit to permit the control relays of a selected trunk circuit to be connected to the corresponding trunk control highway for operation. The trunk control highway circuits include transfer relays operable to normally set a first trunk control highway for each trunk circuit group to an active state and the second trunk control highway to a standby state and test relays which monitor the operation of the trunk control highways and effect transfer, via the common control unit from the active trunk control highway to the standby trunk control highway in the event of a fault in the active trunk control highway.
Delay optimization of CMOS logic circuits using closed-form expressions

CMOS remains the mainstream IC technology and optimization of digital CMOS circuits is a major focus of research. This paper presents a comprehensive model for estimation and optimization of the delay in submicron digital CMOS circuits. Our delay model for a logic gate depends on the topology of the gate, the size and topology of the preceding gate, and the load. This model is explicit in terms of the widths of the transistors and lead to closed-form formulas for optimization of digital CMOS gates. These formulas are simplified and approximated into rules of thumb for quick optimization and obtaining initial guess for running a CAD tool. Delay optimization of a critical path is performed by solving a set of non-linear transistor sizing formulas using iteration. Very good agreement is observed between the model and HSPICE simulations.
Urine detection of survivin is a sensitive marker for the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.

PURPOSE In a preliminary study urine detection of survivin, an integrator of cell death and mitosis, accurately detected bladder cancer. The objectives of this study were to confirm these findings in a large cohort of subjects undergoing cystoscopy, to assess the diagnostic performance of urine survivin and to test whether evaluation of urine survivin adds independent value to urine NMP22 (Matritech, Cambridge, Massachusetts) and cytology for the detection of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine survivin was measured using a Bio-Dot microfiltration detection system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California) in voided urine specimens collected before cystoscopy in 117 cases and 92 controls. Bladder washout samples for cytology were collected in 174 subjects. Urine levels of NMP22 were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Higher levels of urine survivin were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (p <0.001) and tumors of higher grade (p = 0.037), but not with invasive stage, after adjustment for the effects of urine cytology, NMP22 and age. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of survivin for the diagnosis of bladder cancer (64%, 93%, 92% and 67%, respectively), are superior to those of NMP22 and cytology. Survivin had the highest specificity and positive predictive value for the detection of bladder cancer across each tumor stage and grade. CONCLUSIONS Urine survivin was a strong, independent predictor of the presence of bladder cancer and higher tumor grade. Urine detection of survivin is an accurate diagnostic test for bladder cancer that retains its efficiency regardless of cancer stage and grade.