Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation increases mortality and morbidity and in particular leads to thrombotic events in the left atrium, especially in the left atrial appendix leading to embolic stroke or peripheral embolization. The risk of stroke can be assessed by the CHA2DS2-VASc score, which involves vascular disease, history of stroke or TIA, diabetes, hypertension and heart failure, and female sex. Oral anticoagulation prevents stroke and peripheral embolism and premature death in these patients and is generally recommended with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of >2. For those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1, oral anticoagulation can be considered in males, but not in females. The guidelines recommend NOACs as the first choice in this context and vitamin K antagonists in those with mechanical heart valves. In patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease, particularly those after stenting, antithrombotic management is difficult and controversial. In general, it is recommended to use triple anticoagulation in the first month and thereafter, a P2Y12 inhibitor plus a NOAC possibly at a lower dose in those with high bleeding risk.
Leveraging sentence weights in a concept-based optimization framework for extractive meeting summarization

We adopt an unsupervised concept-based global optimization framework for extractive meeting summarization, where a subset of sentences is selected to cover as many important concepts as possible. We propose to leverage sentence importance weights in this model. Three ways are introduced to combine the sentence weights within the concept-based optimization framework: selecting sentences for concept extraction, pruning unlikely candidate summary sentences, and using joint optimization of sentence and concept weights. Our experimental results on the ICSI meeting corpus show that our proposed methods can significantly improve the performance for both human transcripts and ASR output compared to the concept-based baseline approach, and this unsupervised approach achieves results comparable with those from supervised learning approaches presented in previous work. Index Terms: global optimization, sentence weights, meeting summarization
Associations between cervical cord gray matter damage and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES To assess in vivo the volume and the magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable damage of the cervical cord gray matter in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to evaluate whether such damage correlates with disability. DESIGN Cervical cord conventional and magnetization transfer MRI scans were acquired from 18 patients with RRMS (and no T2-visible cervical cord lesions) and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. After ad hoc image postprocessing, characterized by high intraobserver reproducibility, the average magnetization transfer ratio and volume of the cervical cord gray matter from patients and controls were calculated and compared using a 2-tailed t test with Bonferroni correction. The correlation between MRI metrics and Expanded Disability Status Scale score was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with RRMS had a lower cervical cord gray matter average magnetization transfer ratio (P = .009). No cervical cord gray matter atrophy was detected. In patients with RRMS, the gray matter average magnetization transfer ratio was correlated with the degree of disability (r = -0.48, P = .048). CONCLUSIONS Cervical cord gray matter is not spared by MS pathology, and such damage is an additional factor contributing to the disability of these patients.
Behaviors and Strategies Employed in Parental Alienation

Abstract A survey study was conducted of adults who self reported being targets of parental alienation. Three research questions were addressed: (1) What alienating strategies were identified by the targeted parents and to what extent were these behaviors consistent with those identified by adult children of PAS? (2) Was gender of the targeted parent associated with number and/or type of strategy identified? And (3) What child and parent characteristics were associated with level of PAS (mild, moderate, severe) as described by the targeted parents? Ninety-seven individuals completed a written survey. One section of the survey asked participants to list every type of behavior that they believed the alienating parent used to effectuate the alienation. From prior research and review of the responses, a list of possible strategies was developed. The 1,300 actions described by the 97 participants were independently coded. Results revealed 66 types of strategies, 11 mentioned by at least 20% of the sample. There was considerable but not complete overlap in the strategies identified by the targeted parents with those described by adult children (from another study). There were no statistical differences in the number or type of strategy mentioned based on the gender of the targeted parent or the gender of the target child. Level of severity of PAS (mild, moderate, severe) as perceived by the targeted parent was associated with age and gender of the target child, with girls and older children being more likely to be reported as more severely alienated. These results provide a systematic examination of the different types of alienation strategies known to targeted parents and as such they offer several avenues for clinical interventions and future research.
Opsins in Limulus eyes: characterization of three visible light-sensitive opsins unique to and co-expressed in median eye photoreceptors and a peropsin/RGR that is expressed in all eyes

The eyes of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have long been used for studies of basic mechanisms of vision, and the structure and physiology of Limulus photoreceptors have been examined in detail. Less is known about the opsins Limulus photoreceptors express. We previously characterized a UV opsin (LpUVOps1) that is expressed in all three types of Limulus eyes (lateral compound eyes, median ocelli and larval eyes) and three visible light-sensitive rhabdomeric opsins (LpOps1, -2 and -5) that are expressed in Limulus lateral compound and larval eyes. Physiological studies showed that visible light-sensitive photoreceptors are also present in median ocelli, but the visible light-sensitive opsins they express were unknown. In the current study we characterize three newly identified, visible light-sensitive rhabdomeric opsins (LpOps6, -7 and -8) that are expressed in median ocelli. We show that they are ocellar specific and that all three are co-expressed in photoreceptors distinct from those expressing LpUVOps1. Our current findings show that the pattern of opsin expression in Limulus eyes is much more complex than previously thought and extend our previous observations of opsin co-expression in visible light-sensitive Limulus photoreceptors. We also characterize a Limulus peropsin/RGR (LpPerOps1). We examine the phylogenetic relationship of LpPerOps1 with other peropsins and RGRs, demonstrate that LpPerOps1 transcripts are expressed in each of the three types of Limulus eyes and show that the encoded protein is expressed in membranes of cells closely associated with photoreceptors in each eye type. These finding suggest that peropsin was in the opsin repertoire of euchelicerates.
Evaluation of tumour vaccine immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic meta-analysis

Objectives Our meta-analysis performed a systematic evaluation on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tumour vaccines for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT). Data sources PubMed, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct and EMBASE were searched from January 1980 until January 2015. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCT were included; the control arm had to receive either placebo or chemotherapy or no treatment. Main outcome measures The quality of the data from individual papers was assessed for overall survival (OS), clinical response rate and side effects. Results Overall, 11 RCT of advanced NSCLC with a total of 3986 patients were conducted for meta-analysis. The results showed that the vaccine arm significantly extended primary endpoint median overall survival compared with control group (p<0.00001) (HR 0.760; 95% CI 0.644 to 0.896; p=0.001). Three subgroup patients with tumour vaccine at 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates also gained significant benefits compared with their corresponding control group (p=0.0004, 0.03 and 0.19, respectively). Besides, a significant improvement in median time to progression (TTP), median progression-free survival (PFS) and a trend of improvement in objective response rate were observed after tumour vaccine treatment (p=0.001, 0.005 and 0.05, respectively; median PFS HR 0.842; 95% CI 0.744 to 0.954; p=0.007). A few severe adverse effects occurred in the tumour vaccine group, but fewer side effects were observed in the vaccine group compared with the control group (p<0.00001). Conclusions Taken together, NSCLC tumour vaccines markedly prolong median OS (p<0.00001), median TTP (p=0.001) and median PFS (p=0.005), improve clinical response rate (p=0.05) and lessen adverse side effects (p<0.00001). Our meta-analysis suggests tumour vaccines improve the efficacy of the treatment, and also provide superiority in treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC among a variety of immunotherapy strategies.
Data broadcasting strategies over multiple unreliable wireless channels

Data communication in a mobile envirorunent involves a stationary database server disseminating information to a large collection of “mobile clients” via wireless transmission media. One effective way to disseminate database information via narrow bandwidth wireless media to the mobile clients is to periodically broadcast the database over the “air”; individual clients will then “catch” their interested data on the fly selectively. Wireless transmission, however, is vulnerable to noise and signal distortion. Furthermore, a client might not aware of when its interested data will be broadcasted and might fail to catch the data at the appropriate moment. In either situation, it has to wait for the next broadcast cycle, severely affecting the performance of the database access. In this paper, we describe a spectrum of data broadcasting mechanisms in a mobile environment over noisy media. The data broadcasting schemes are baaed on replication and partition techniques that distribute the broadcasted data over multiple wireless media. We evaluate the relative performance of the broadcasting schemes analytically, as well as through simulation experiments. The simulation results are also studied and verified with the analytical results.
CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY OBSERVED IN CATTLE AND GOAT OFFALS IN KUMASI, GHANA

Background: The global population demands high quality meat and the preference for offal continue to be on the increase. This investigation evaluates consumers’ preference and associated pathological conditions observed in cattle and goat offal in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional survey and structured questionnaires involving 200 adult respondents were adopted. 105 samples of cattle and goat offal from selected retailers or vendors were also evaluated for associated pathological conditions. Results: From the questionnaire, results showed that on the average, one (1) pound of offal was consumed by a household of seven (7) per meal twice a week. The most preferred offal was the fore-stomach (52.70%) followed by the liver (38.10%). However, 75% and 50% of the liver sampled had one or more lesions in the goat and cattle respectively with presence of abscesses, metazoan parasites and granuloma. Factors like availability, affordability, nutritional value, taste, customs and level of education influenced the consumer’s preference for edible offal. Conclusion: Presence of metazoan parasites, granuloma and microabbscesses further undermine the quality of the offal supply in Ghana and it calls for further investigation into causal agents of these pathological conditions; hence, strict inspection and assessment should be enforced and maintained for continual provision of edible and wholesome offal.
Tensor classification for P300-based brain computer interface

Classification methods have been widely applied in most brain computer interfaces (BCIs) that control devices for better quality of life. Most existing classification methods for P300-based BCIs extract features based on temporal structure related to P300 components of event-related potentials (ERPs). Some others exploit the spatial distribution of ERPs optimally selected by recursive channel elimination. However, none of them employed multilinear structures which exploit hidden features in P300-based BCI data. In this paper, we propose a new feature extraction method based on tensor decomposition for ERP-based BCIs. The method seeks an optimal feature subspace simultaneously spanned by temporal and spatial bases, and additional bases which indicate a variant of ERPs obtained by different degrees of polynomial fittings. The proposed method has been evaluated by both the BCI competition III data set II and the affective face driven paradigm data set, and achieved 92% and 95% classification accuracies respectively, which were better than those of most existing P300-based BCI algorithms.
Revisiting Arabic Semantic Role Labeling using SVM Kernel Methods

As a critical language, there is huge potential for the usefulness of an Arabic Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) system. This task involves two subtasks: predicate argument boundary detection and argument classification. Based on the innovations of Diab, Moschitti, and Pighin (2007) in the field of Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP), SRL in particular, we are currently developing a system for automatic SRL in Arabic.
‘Clinical Implications of a Psychoneurobiological Model of Projective Identification’

Allan Schore's lecture on 'Clinical implications of a psychoneurobiological model of projective identification' was based on work described in his book, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self (Schore 1994). The theme of his talk seemed rooted in what he terms the 'ontogenetic principle', according to which the most important information for the development of the human brain is conveyed by the social rather than the physical environment Such an interaction is conducted, at its earliest, between the human infant and its primary caregiver. In Schore's words, 'The self-organisation of the developing brain occurs in the context of another self, another brain [the mother's]' (Schore 1996, p. 60).
Multiprogramming on multiprocessors

Many solutions have been proposed to the problem of multiprogramming a multiprocessor. However, each has limited applicability or fails to address an important source of overhead. In addition, there has been little experimental comparison of the various solutions in the presence of applications with varying degrees of parallelism and synchronization. The authors explore the tradeoffs between three different approaches to multiprogramming a multiprocessor: time-slicing, coscheduling, and dynamic hardware partitions. They implemented applications that vary in the degree of parallelism, and the frequency and type of synchronization. They show that in most cases coscheduling is preferable to time-slicing. They also show that although there are cases where coscheduling is beneficial, dynamic hardware partitions do no worse, and will often do better. They conclude that under most circumstances, hardware partitioning is the best strategy for multiprogramming a multiprocessor, no matter how much parallelism applications employ or how frequently synchronization occurs. <<ETX>>
Network Intrusion Detection: Evasion, Traffic Normalization, and End-to-End Protocol Semantics

A fundamental problem for network intrusion detection systems is the ability of a skilled attacker to evade detection by exploiting ambiguities in the traffic stream as seen by the monitor. We discuss the viability of addressing this problem by introducing a new network forwarding element called a traffic normalizer. The normalizer sits directly in the path of traffic into a site and patches up the packet stream to eliminate potential ambiguities before the traffic is seen by the monitor, removing evasion opportunities. We examine a number of tradeoffs in designing a normalizer, emphasizing the important question of the degree to which normalizations undermine end-to-end protocol semantics. We discuss the key practical issues of "cold start" and attacks on the normalizer, and develop a methodology for systematically examining the ambiguities present in a protocol based on walking the protocol's header. We then present norm, a publicly available user-level implementation of a normalizer that can normalize a TCP traffic stream at 100,000 pkts/sec in memory-to-memory copies, suggesting that a kernel implementation using PC hardware could keep pace with a bidirectional 100 Mbps link with sufficient headroom to weather a high-speed flooding attack of small packets.
Detection of Double Scatterers in SAR Tomography

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography is a technique that extends the concept of SAR interferometry for the accurate localization and monitoring of ground scatterers. Data that are being acquired by the new high resolution SAR sensors offer new perspectives in the 3-D reconstruction and monitoring of urban areas and, particularly, of individual buildings. SAR tomography allows increasing the density of measurements by handling situations where multiple stable scatterers interfere in the same resolution cell. The detection of reliable, i.e., persistent, scatterers is however a challenging issue. In this paper, we investigate three detection approaches: The first is based on a modification of information theoretical criteria; the last two are based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. Theoretical performances are analyzed in details on simulated data, and results of the application to real data from both medium and very high resolution sensors are also provided.
Implementing a quality management framework in a higher education organisation: A case study

Purpose – This paper aims to report and analyse the lessons learned from a case study on the implementation of a quality management system within an IT Division in a higher education (HE) organisation.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a review of the relevant literatures and the use of primary sources such as document analysis, participant observation and interviews to develop a case study that describes and evaluates the implementation process.Findings – The case study identifies four factors central to the effective implementation of the quality management system within a Division of a HE institution: senior leadership and sponsorship; stakeholder engagement; the management of culture change; and implementing quality processes.Practical implications – The case study reveals that the implementation of quality management systems requires sustained effort, continuous leadership, and the long term commitment of resources and systematic auditing of performance and is best done on an increme.
The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice

From the foremost living authority on Yoga comes the most comprehensive and reliable treatment of the subject available today. This is a work of impeccable scholarship by a person who has dedicated his life to the understanding and practice of yoga. The book offers a complete overview of every Yogic tradition, from the familiar to the lesser-known forms. It also covers all aspects of Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina Yoga, including history, philosophy, literature, psychology and practice. In addition, included are translations of twenty Yoga treatises and the first translation of the Goraksha Paddhati.
On Triangulation-based Dense Neighborhood Graphs Discovery

This paper introduces a new definition of dense subgraph pattern, the DN -graph. DN -graph considers both the size of the substructure and the minimum level of interactions between any pair of the vertices. The mining of DN -graphs inherits the difficulty of finding clique, the fully-connected subgraphs. We thus opt for approximately locating the DN -graphs using the state-of-the-art graph triangulation methods. Our solution consists of a family of algorithms, each of which targets a different problem setting. These algorithms are iterative, and utilize repeated scans through the triangles in the graph to approximately locate the DN -graphs. Each scan on the graph triangles improves the results. Since the triangles are not physically materialized, the algorithms have small memory footprint. With our solution, the users can adopt a "pay as you go" approach. They have the flexibility to terminate the mining process once they are satisfied with the quality of the results. As a result, our algorithms can cope with semi-streaming environment where the graph edges cannot fit into main memory. Results of extensive performance study confirmed our claims.
Microglia centered pathogenesis in ALS: insights in cell interconnectivity

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common and most aggressive form of adult motor neuron (MN) degeneration. The cause of the disease is still unknown, but some protein mutations have been linked to the pathological process. Loss of upper and lower MNs results in progressive muscle paralysis and ultimately death due to respiratory failure. Although initially thought to derive from the selective loss of MNs, the pathogenic concept of non-cell-autonomous disease has come to the forefront for the contribution of glial cells in ALS, in particular microglia. Recent studies suggest that microglia may have a protective effect on MN in an early stage. Conversely, activated microglia contribute and enhance MN death by secreting neurotoxic factors, and impaired microglial function at the end-stage may instead accelerate disease progression. However, the nature of microglial–neuronal interactions that lead to MN degeneration remains elusive. We review the contribution of the neurodegenerative network in ALS pathology, with a special focus on each glial cell type from data obtained in the transgenic SOD1G93A rodents, the most widely used model. We further discuss the diverse roles of neuroinflammation and microglia phenotypes in the modulation of ALS pathology. We provide information on the processes associated with dysfunctional cell–cell communication and summarize findings on pathological cross-talk between neurons and astroglia, and neurons and microglia, as well as on the spread of pathogenic factors. We also highlight the relevance of neurovascular disruption and exosome trafficking to ALS pathology. The harmful and beneficial influences of NG2 cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells will be discussed as well. Insights into the complex intercellular perturbations underlying ALS, including target identification, will enhance our efforts to develop effective therapeutic approaches for preventing or reversing symptomatic progression of this devastating disease.
A Constraint-based Approach to English Prosodic Constituents

The paper develops a constraint-based theory of prosodic phrasing and prominence, based on an HPSG framework, with an implementation in ALE. Prominence and juncture are represented by n-ary branching metrical trees. The general aim is to define prosodic structures recursively, in parallel with the definition of syntactic structures. We address a number of prima facie problems arising from the discrepancy between syntactic and prosodic structure