Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of biosynthetic pathways: a common ancestor for threonine synthase, threonine dehydratase and D‐serine dehydratase.

The Bacillus subtilis genes encoding threonine synthase (thrC) and homoserine kinase (thrB) have been cloned via complementation of Escherichia coli thr mutants. Determination of their nucleotide sequences indicates that the thrC stop codon overlaps the thrB start codon; this genetic organization suggests that the two genes belong to the same operon, as in E. coli. However, the gene order is thrC‐thrB in B. subtilis whereas it is thrB‐thrC in the thr operon of E. coli. This inversion of the thrC and thrB genes between E. coli and B. subtilis is indicative of a possible independent construction of the thr operon in these two organisms. In other respects, comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the B. subtilis and E. coli threonine synthases with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae threonine dehydratase and that of E. coli D‐serine dehydratase revealed extensive homologies between these pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent enzymes. This sequence homology, which correlates with similarities in the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, indicates that these proteins, catalyzing different reactions in different metabolic pathways, may have evolved from a common ancestor.
Antiidiotype modulation of herpes simplex virus infection leading to increased pathogenicity

Antiidiotype reagents that recognize idiotypic determinants associated with the combining site of monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 ( HSV2 ) were used to manipulate the immune response to HSV2 in BALB/c mice. The injection of antiidiotype antibodies into mice before challenge with a 50% lethal dose of HSV2 resulted in a shorter survival time than that of mice receiving either preimmune rabbit immunoglobulin G or antiidiotype reagents against hepatitis B surface antigen before HSV2 challenge. These findings indicate that the immune response to HSV2 in mice can be modulated through idiotype- antiidiotype networks, thereby increasing the pathogenicity of HSV2 infections.
An algebraic parameter estimation approach to the adaptive observer-controller based regulation of the boost converter

In this article, a new approach is proposed for the problem of output voltage reference trajectory tracking in a boost converter with unknown, piecewise constant, load resistance values, under the restriction of noisy output voltage measurements alone. We use a nonlinear algebraic parameter estimation approach for the fast computation of the actual value of the stepwise changing load. With this information, a reduced order nonlinear observer for the inductor current is updated as well as a static passive output feedback control law derived on the basis of the exact tracking error dynamics and Lyapunov stability considerations. The average nonlinear adaptive observer-controller scheme is implemented on the switch regulated converter using the averaging features of a Σ − Δ modulator.
Imprinted Rasgrf1 expression in neonatal mice affects olfactory learning and memory

Rasgrf1 is genomically imprinted; only the paternally inherited allele is expressed in the neonatal mouse brain until weaning, at which time expression becomes biallelic. Whereas Rasgrf1 has been implicated in learning and memory via knockout studies in adult mice, the effect of its normal imprinted expression on these phenotypes has not yet been examined. Neonatal mice with experimentally manipulated patterns of imprinted Rasgrf1 expression were assessed on an associative olfactory task. Neonates lacking the normally expressed wild‐type paternal allele exhibited significant impairment in olfactory associative memory. Adult animals in which neonatal imprinting had been manipulated were also behaviorally assessed; while neonatal imprinting significantly affects body weight even into adulthood, no learning and memory phenotype attributable to imprinting was observed in adults. Additional analyses of neonates showed imprinted Rasgrf1 transcript selective to olfactory bulb even in mice that were null for Rasgrf1 in the rest of the brain and showed that Rasgrf1 affects Ras and Rac activation in the brain. Taken together, these results indicate that Rasgrf1 expression from the wild‐type paternal allele contributes to learning and memory in neonatal mice.
Real-time monitoring on boiler combustion based on acoustic measurement

The temperature field is one of the most important parameters of combustion safety in boiler. In this paper, acoustic pyrometry, a new diagnosis tool of combustion safety in boiler, is given. The principle of acoustic pyrometry is introduced. The unique benefits of diagnosis on combustion safety are described. Two key techniques of acoustic pyrometry, the measurement of time of flight (TOF) of sound wave and the reconstruction algorithm of two-dimensional temperature field, are solved, based on cross correlation analysis and series expansion reconstruction algorithm respectively. According to a corner tangential temperature field mode, the accuracy and feasibility of acoustic pyrometry is proved by computer simulation
Multivalued semilinear neutral functional differential equations with nonconvex-valued right-hand side

We investigate the existence of mild solutions on acompact interval to some classes of semilinear neutral functional differential inclusions. We will rely on a fixed-point theorem for contraction multivalued maps due to Covitz and Nadler and on Schaefer's fixed-point theorem combined with lower semicontinuous multivalued operators with decomposable values.
Resonant converters in DC microgrid system

A new DC converter in DC micro-grid applications is studied and proposed in this paper. The studied converter is based on the series connection of full-bridge resonant circuits to achieve the main advantages of low voltage rating of power devices, wide zero-voltage switching losses on active devices, possible no reverse recovery current loss on rectifier diodes and low current rating on secondary side. The system analysis, circuit characteristics and design considerations are discussed. Experimental results are given and discussed to demonstrate the characteristics and usefulness of the studied circuit.
Enhanced expression of MMP‐7 and MMP‐13 in inflammatory bowel disease: A precancerous potential?

&NA; Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for the turnover and degradation of extracellular matrix. They play a crucial role in the growth and migration of colorectal carcinoma cells. Colorectal carcinomas are characterized by enhanced expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, MMP‐7, and MMP‐13. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, MMP‐7, MMP‐13, and MMP‐14 and their specific inhibitor TIMP‐1 in inflammatory bowel diseases and precancerous lesions of the colon, i.e., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and in adenomatous polyps (APs) for comparison. Biopsy samples of pathological and healthy tissue were obtained from 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, n = 17; Crohn's disease, n = 23) and from 19 patients with APs. mRNA was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction to study MMP and TIMP‐1 gene expression in both pathological and normal mucosal specimens. For MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1, protein expression also was quantified with sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In biopsy specimens of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, significantly increased levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐13 mRNA were found. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 showed enhanced secretion on the protein level. AP revealed an increased transcription of MMP‐7 and MMP‐13 genes. MMP‐14 mRNA was decreased in APs. MMPs, especially MMP‐7 and MMP‐13, which are expressed primarily on the tumor cell surface, are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease, which may have more chance to evolve into malignancy than normal tissue. In APs, increased expression of MMP‐7 and MMP‐13 may serve as an early indicator for colorectal carcinogenesis.
Timed Trajectory Generation for a Vision-based Autonomous Mobile Robot in Cluttered Environments

An autonomous mobile robot should find feasible trajectories in order to avoid collisions with obstacles in its environment. This ability to plan collision-free trajectories requires two major aspects: modulation and generation of trajectories. This is especially important if temporal stabilization of the generated trajectories is considered. Temporal stabilization means to conform to the planned movement time, in spite of diversified environmental conditions or perturbations. This timing problem applied for wheeled vehicles has not been addressed in most current robotic systems. Herein, we extend our previous work by integrating an architecture able to generate timed trajectories for a wheeled mobile robot, whose goal is to reach a target location within a specified time, independently of the world complexity.
Binding, Stability, and Non-binding of Multi-polaron Systems

The binding of polarons, or its absence, is an old and subtle topic. After defining the model we state some recent theorems of ours. First, the transition from many-body collapse to the existence of a thermodynamic limit for N polarons occurs precisely at U=2\alpha, where U is the electronic Coulomb repulsion and \alpha is the polaron coupling constant. Second, if U is large enough, there is no multi-polaron binding of any kind. We also discuss the Pekar-Tomasevich approximation to the ground state energy, which is valid for large \alpha. Finally, we derive exact results, not reported before, about the one-dimensional toy model introduced by E. P. Gross.
Enhanced IFNγ production in adenosine‐treated CHOCells: A mechanistic study

Adenosine causes growth arrest in recombinant mammalian cell cultures, which results in enhanced productivity of the recombinant protein. Adenosine is also known to increase intracellular ATP level when added to mammalian cells. As a cell's energy level affects its protein expression capacity, we investigated the factors that contribute to the increase in recombinant protein productivity. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) were treated with 1 mM adenosine on Day 2 of culture. The growth arrest resulted in 60% reduction in integral viable cell density when compared with control. However, IFNγ titer improved 1.4‐fold alongside a 2.5‐fold increase in average specific productivity. The adenosine‐treated cells also experienced a two‐fold increase in ATP level that sustained for 3 days. Western blot studies revealed a relatively short‐lived but strong activation of the energy sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adenosine‐treated cells. Activation of AMPK was probably due to adenosine being temporarily converted to AMP. Activated AMPK should have down‐regulated protein translation by preventing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) from phosphorylating and inactivating 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1), a key repressor of protein translation initiation. However, Western blots showed increased phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 on Day 2 that lasted 3 days. This implied that a high concentration of ATP could keep 4E‐BP1 inhibited, probably by directly modulating mTOR. This corroborated with an earlier in vitro observation (Dennis et al., Science. 2001;294:1102‐1105). Inhibition of translation initiation repression is thus likely to contribute in part to the improvement in IFNγ‐specific productivity and titer. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
A theory of granular parthood based on qualitative cardinality and size measures

We present a theory of granular parthood based on qualitative cardinality and size measures. Using standard mereological relations and qualitative, context-dependent relations such as roughly the same size, we define a granular parthood relation and distinguish different ways in which a collection of smaller objects may sum to a larger object. At one extreme, an object x may be a mereological sum of a large collection p where the members of p are all negligible in size with respect to x (e.g., x is a human body and p is the collection of its molecules). At the other extreme, x may be a mereological sum of a collection q none of whose members are negligible in size with respect to x (e.g., x is again a human body and p is the collection consisting of its head, neck, torso, and limbs). We cannot give precise quantitative definitions for relations such as roughly the same size or negligible in size with respect to since these are, even within a fixed context, vague relations. The primary focus in the formal theory presented in this paper is on the context-independent logical properties of these qualitative cardinality and size relations and their interaction with mereological relations. In developing our formal theory, we draw upon work on order of magnitude reasoning.
Compile-time optimisation of store usage in lazy functional programs

Functional languages offer a number of advantages over their imperative counterparts. However, a substantial amount of the time spent on processing functional programs is due to the large amount of storage management which must be performed. Two apparent reasons for this are that the programmer is prevented from including explicit storage management operations in programs which have a purely functional semantics, and that more readable programs are often far from optimal in their use of storage. Correspondingly, two alternative approaches to the optimisation of store usage at compile-time are presented in this thesis. The first approach is called compile-time garbage collection. This approach involves determining at compile-time which cells are no longer required for the evaluation of a program, and making these cells available for further use. This overcomes the problem of a programmer not being able to indicate explicitly that a store cell can be made available for further use. Three different methods for performing compile-time garbage collection are presented in this thesis; compile-time garbage marking, explicit deallocation and destructive allocation. Of these three methods, it is found that destructive allocation is the only method which is of practical use. The second approach to the optimisation of store usage is called compile-time garbage avoidance. This approach involves transforming programs into semantically equivalent programs which produce less garbage at compile-time. This attempts to overcome the problem of more readable programs being far from optimal in their use of storage. In this thesis, it is shown how to guarantee that the process of compile-time garbage avoidance will terminate. Both of the described approaches to the optimisation of store usage make use of the information obtained by usage counting analysis. This involves counting the number of times each value in a program is used. In this thesis, a reference semantics is defined against which the correctness of usage counting analyses can be proved. A usage counting analysis is then defined and proved to be correct with respect to this reference semantics. The information obtained by this analysis is used to annotate programs for compile-time garbage collection, and to guide the transformation when compile-time garbage avoidance is performed. It is found that compile-time garbage avoidance produces greater increases in efficiency than compile-time garbage collection, but much of the garbage which can be collected by compile-time garbage collection cannot be avoided at compile-time. The two approaches are therefore complementary, and the expressions resulting from compile-time garbage avoidance transformations can be annotated for compile-time garbage collection to further optimise the use of storage.
Misalignment Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems: WP-1: Sensing and wireless communication

This Document contains a detailed technical report on the design and test of a system that performs data acquisition and wireless communication. The system is specifically designed for an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) charging system consisting of two control systems implemented in order to achieve maximum efficiency. One on the primary side of the charging system, and one on the secondary side. The data acquisition system is designed to measure high voltage and current for the secondary control system, and the wireless communication system is designed to calculate and transmit the set-point for the primary control system. The design includes a selection of components for each subsystem, as well as circuits and block diagrams for the implementation. A derivation of the set-point for the primary controller is also included. The system is designed for an MCU and the modules are tested using an experimental prototype.
The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding

Ir we arc to understand fully any instance of a person's non-verbal behavior that is, any movement or position of the face and/or the bodywe must discover how that behavior became part of the penon's repertoire, the circumstances of its usc, and the rules which explain how the behavior contains or conveys information. We will call these three fundamental considerations ORIGIN, USAGE. and CODING. The interrelationships among and the differences within these three aspects of nonverbal behavior are extremely complex. The task of unraveling nonverbal behavior in these terms is enormously difficult; and it becomes impossible if we fail to consider the possibility of multiple categories of nonverbal behavior. The need to develop such a categorical scheme bas emerged from the results of our empirical studies over the past eight years, and has been crystallized by our two current research projects, the study of crosscultural differences in nonverbal behavior, and the study of nonverbal leakage of information during deceptive situations. We will briefly trace how some of the findings raised questions which led us to attempt to
Wavelet-based euclidean distance for image quality assessment

Image quality assessment (QA) mimics the user's ability in evaluating image distortion. The presented technique uses a wavelet analysis and a distance measure associated to it. As often noticed, the wavelet analysis is a good approximation of the human visual system (HVS). The main contribution of this paper is the definition of a wavelet-based euclidean distance which embeds both, the deep-structure of the images and the specific orientation of every subband. This new definition of distance allows for an effective QA almost parameterless.
Growth charts for breastfed babies.

Growth charts are essential items in the pediatric toolkit. Their value resides in helping to determine the degree to which physiological needs for growth and development are being met during the important childhood period. However, as rightly pointed out in the article by Marques and colleagues published in this issue,1 the interpretation of the growth trajectory of breastfed infants, commonly used to assess lactation adequacy and to advise on when to introduce complementary foods, is highly dependent on the reference data used. The accuracy of feeding advice may be erroneous if the reference growth charts used do not adequately represent the physiological growth pattern of breastfed
A 1V 17.9dBm 60GHz power amplifier in standard 65nm CMOS

For point-to-point multi-Gb/s applications in mobile devices with single antennas, low-cost, highly integrated solutions are preferred, and CMOS technology is a candidate for mm-Wave SoC products. To provide users with nearly omni-directional links, the TX power requirement could be considerably high. Assuming a receiver with 7dB NF, and 1dBi antennas at both ends of the link, the required power to transmit a 60GHz signal over 1m distance is 10dBm. A power amplifier (PA) that is capable of delivering 13dBm OP1dB for a 3Gb/s QPSK signal is thus needed if 3dB power back-off is added. This paper presents a CMOS PA meeting these requirements.
Neural networks for wind power generation forecasting: A case study

This paper uses data collected in a southern Italy wind farm to develop a neural network based prediction of the power produced by each turbine. First, some characteristics of wind turbine power generation are investigated. Then a careful data preprocessing is proposed to detect and remove outliers and to deal with damping, i.e. the effect of smoothing of wind speed caused by presence of other turbines. Besides, two different training algorithms for the most popular model, the multilayer perceptron, are analyzed, i.e. backpropagation and extreme learning machine (elm). The latter, when utilized together with a proposed data preprocessing technique, demonstrates to achieve better and more stable performance, despite its greater sensibility to overfitting.
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates

Covalent binding to immunogenic proteins increases the immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcus type 6A (Pn6A). Conjugates composed of Hib, Pn6A, or the cross-reacting Escherichia coli K100 covalently bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) were injected into young adult volunteers. Local reactions were common and were probably due to Arthus reactivity mediated by the preexisting antibodies reacting with the TT component of the conjugates. Fever occurred in about 10% of the volunteers after the first injection; no volunteers had fever after the second injection. Similar levels of Hib or Pn6A antibodies were elicited by either 50- or 100-micrograms doses or by concurrent injection of two different conjugates (Hib-TT and Pn6A-TT or Hib-TT and K100-TT). The Hib-TT elicited about a 180-fold increase in Hib antibodies, and the Pn6A-TT conjugate elicited about an 8-fold increase in Pn6A antibodies after one injection. Booster reactions were not elicited in adults; similar levels of antibodies in the five experimental groups suggested that the responses elicited by the conjugates were maximal. A one-way cross-reaction was noted as Pn6A conjugates elicited rises of Hib antibodies in 13 of 20 volunteers; only 4 of 59 volunteers immunized with Hib-TT had increases in Pn6A antibodies. The preimmunization Hib antibodies were composed of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG. The postimmunization sera showed an increase in all three isotypes; the elevation of the IgG was the highest of the three isotypes. Conjugate-induced antibodies to both the polysaccharide and TT exerted biological activities that have been correlated with immunity. Adsorption of the Hib-TT onto aluminium hydroxide resulted in higher levels and an earlier Hib antibody response in infant rhesus. These results encourage the evaluation of Hib and Pn6A conjugates in human children and infants.