Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software Defect Prediction Scheme Based on Feature Selection

Predicting defect-prone software modules accurately and effectively are important ways to control the quality of a software system during software development. Feature selection can highly improve the accuracy and efficiency of the software defect prediction model. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the best size of feature subset for building a prediction model and prove that feature selection method is useful for establishing software defect prediction model. Mutual information is an outstanding indicator of relevance between variables, and it has been used as a measurement in our feature selection algorithm. We also introduce a nonlinear factor to our evaluation function for feature selection to improve its performance. The results of our feature selection algorithm are validated by different machine learning methods. The experiment results show that all the classifiers achieve higher accuracy by using the feature subset provided by our algorithm.
CARRIER OF THE LAMBDA 5797 DIB IN THE ISM AND IN THE RED RECTANGLE : A SUPRATHERMALLY ROTATING PAH MOLECULE?

The 5797 Diffuse Interstellar Band has recently been observed in emission at several positions in the Red Rect- angle, with band shape typical of molecular rotational struc- tures of an electronic transition. However, the rotational tem- peratures required to explain the observed band widths depend on the change of the rotational constant, B=B, of the transi- tion but are always signicantly higher than those expected for the hydrogen gas. We address the question of whether such a suprathermal rotation can be understood. Assuming that a free PAHmoleculeorionisthecarrierofthisDIB,weinvestigatethe physics of the rotation of such a molecule in order to interpret the observational characteristics of this emission in the RR: (i) a band structure indicating a rotational temperature larger than 450K at 6 arcsec from the central star; (ii) a decrease of this temperature with distance from the star as r 1 . We consider different processes of angular momentum exchange with a free PAH. We show that only an efcient rocket effect (H-atom or H2 molecule ejection) can lead to the suprathermal rotation re- quired by (i) and that its competition with radio emission can explain the power-law behaviour (ii). Using observational con- straints for the gas and radiation densities in the RR, we build a model and show that there is a range of molecular parameters that leads to both a good t of the observed bandwidth and its spatialvariation.Finally,wecomputethebandwidthofthetran- sition in the diffuse ISM and in Reflection Nebulae, using the same molecular parameter range. We nd that they are consis- tent with the observed width of the 5797 DIB in the ISM, but that the t with RN observations narrows this range and implies a rotational constant change B=B = 2% and a PAH size of about 40 carbon atoms.
Effects of Neospora caninum Infection at Mid-Gestation on Placenta in a Pregnant Mouse Model

Abstract Neospora caninum is one of the more-efficient transplacentally-transmitted organisms. The goal of the present study was to investigate the pathologic and immunologic changes that occur at the materno-fetal interphase in pregnant BALB/c mice infected with N. caninum at mid-gestation. Parasite DNA was detected in feto-placentary units 3 days post-infection (PI). On day 7 PI, the DNA detection level and parasite burden were significantly higher in the placentas than in the fetuses, which may indicate that the parasite is mainly multiplying in the placenta during the initial infection. In the spleens of infected dams, we observed an increase in IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4. However, only IL-4 was upregulated in placentas from the infected dams; this may enhance susceptibility to N. caninum at the materno-fetal interphase and favor transmission to the progeny. Finally, an increase in TNF-α expression in nested–PCR-positive placentas combined with necrosis may compromise the viability of the fetuses.
A numerical comparison of Hessian update techniques for an SQCQP method

This short note considers Hessian updates for a sequential quadratically constrained quadratic programming (SQCQP) method. The SQCQP method is an iterative method to solve an inequality constrained optimization problem. At each iteration, the SQCQP method solves a quadratically constrained quadratic programming subproblem whose objective function and constraints are approximations to the objective function and constraints of the original problem. We typically use Hessian update to construct this subproblem and Hessian update has an important role in establishing global convergence of the SQCQP method. In this short note, we introduce some different Hessian updates and apply them to the feasible SQCQP method by Solodov [12]. The presented update methods are the Hessian matrix, Levenberg Marquardt type modification, the modified BFGS method by Powell [10], the cautious BFGS proposed by Li and Fukushima [8] and the limited-memory BFGS proposed by Wei, Yu, Yuan and Lian [15]. We present the algorithms which integrates the feasible SQCQP method and these Hessian updates. Moreover, we examine the numerical behavior of these algorithms.
Burnout and Paths to Turnover Intentions among South African Sport Coaches

Th is study investigated burnout and turnover intentions among 119 South African sport coaches (78 males and 38 females) aged 18 to 64 years (M = 30.28, SD = 9.83 years), who were recruited to participate in the study. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Turnover Intentions Questionnaire. Th e results showed that sport coaches reported low levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, with the exception of depersonalization, demonstrating that sport coaches were less burned out. Of the three subscales of burnout, the highest signifi cant correlation was observed between emotional exhaustion and turnover (r = .227, p < .01). Th e practical implications of the fi ndings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Radiative and Microphysical Properties of Autumnal Arctic Clouds

Clouds strongly modulate the surface energy budget over the Arctic ice pack. In autumn, as the amount of insolation rapidly decreases, their main influence is felt through enhancing the emissivity of the cold dry atmosphere. During autumn, low clouds are present over the arctic ice pack nearly 60% of the time. In addition, ice clouds, which are not included in this statistic, become increasingly common as autumn progresses. The microphysical properties of these clouds, which determine their radiative impact, are not well known due to the dearth of observations. A main objective of the Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (BASE) was to document and understand the transition in cloud properties over the Arctic ice pack in autumn from predominantly liquid to crystalline.
Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations

Reading frequently involves not just looking at words on a page, but also underlining, highlighting and commenting, either on the text or in a separate notebook. This combination of reading with critical thinking and learning is called active reading [2]. To explore the premise that computation can enhance active reading we have built the XLibris “active reading machine. ” XLibris uses a commercial high-resolution pen tablet display along with a paper-like user interface to support the key affordances of paper for active reading: the reader can hold a scanned image of a page in his lap and mark on it with digital ink. To go beyond paper, XLibris monitors the free-form ink annotations made while reading, and uses these to organize and to search for information. Readers can review, sort and filter clippings of their annotated text in a “Reader's Notebook. ” XLibris also searches for material related to the annotated text, and displays links to similar documents unobtrusively in the margin. XLibris demonstrates that computers can help active readers organize and find information while retaining many of the advantages of reading on paper.
Creative metaphor production in a first and second language and the role of creativity

The study of metaphor is an interdisciplinary endeavor crossing such fields as cognitive linguistics, psychology, and creativity studies. Two important conclusions on the nature of metaphor have been drawn to date: (1) the ability to use metaphor is a normal human cognitive ability and widespread in language; (2) metaphor is not a unitary construct and varies greatly from the highly familiar and conventional to the creative. Viewing metaphor as lying along a continuum, this thesis narrows the concept of metaphoric competence to creative metaphoric competence, which looks at this ability from a creativity perspective. In this thesis, it is hypothesized that creative metaphoric competence is an underlying competency, which is related to a more general creative competence, and therefore is projected onto both the L1 (Japanese) and L2 (English). In order to test this hypothesis, data from creative metaphor production tasks were collected in both languages. In addition, a number of creativity measurements were also developed with the aim of measuring the multifaceted nature of creativity. Relationships between these variables were investigated. Findings suggest that creative metaphoric competence is an individual difference variable, which could be described as a disposition towards novelty and is related to other measurements of creativity.
First mutation in the red blood cell-specific promoter of hexokinase combined with a novel missense mutation causes hexokinase deficiency and mild chronic hemolysis

The red cell enzyme Hexokinase (HK), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is transcribed by an erythroid-specific promoter. Studying the molecular defect of a patient with hemolytic anemia due to HK deficiency, the authors identified the first mutation affecting the erythroid transcription of the HK gene and show its consequences in vivo. Background Hexokinase is one of the key enzymes of glycolysis and catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Red blood cell-specific hexokinase is transcribed from HK1 by use of an erythroid-specific promoter. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis for hexokinase deficiency in a patient with chronic hemolysis. Design and Methods Functional studies were performed using transient transfection of HK promoter constructs in human K562 erythroleukemia cells. The DNA-protein interaction at the promoter of hexokinase was studied using electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts from K562 cells. DNA analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed according to standardized procedures. Results On the paternal allele we identified two novel mutations in cis in the erythroid-specific promoter of HKI: −373A>C and −193A>G. Transfection of promoter reporter constructs showed that the −193A>G mutation reduced promoter activity to 8%. Hence, −193A>G is the first mutation reported to affect red blood cell-specific hexokinase specific transcription. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays we showed that in vitro binding of c-jun to an AP-1 binding site was disrupted by this mutation. Subsequent chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that c-jun binds this region of the promoter in vivo. On the maternal allele we identified a novel missense mutation in exon 3: c.278G>A, encoding an arginine to glutamine substitution at residue 93, affecting both hexokinase-1 and red cell specific-hexokinase. In addition, this missense mutation was shown to compromise normal pre-mRNA processing. Conclusions We postulate that reduced erythroid transcription of HK1 together with aberrant splicing of both hexokinase-1 and red cell specific-hexokinase results in hexokinase deficiency and mild chronic hemolysis.
Towards an Approach forWeb services Substitution

This paper presents an approach whose objective is to support Web services substitution. Substitution means replacing a component with another component, as long as the replacing component produces the same output and satisfies the same requirements as the replaced component. Motives for substitution include Web service's non-responsiveness to client requests and better arrangement with another, competitor Web service. To perform Web services substitution with less impact on the ongoing, and sometimes critical, business processes, the approach proposes deploying communities of Web services. A community promotes the dynamic binding of Web services through a common interface, known as open service connectivity. The open service connectivity directs requests to and responses from Web services regardless of how these latter are specified, implemented, and located
Analytic torsion for twisted de Rham complexes

We dene analytic torsion (X;E; H) 2 det H (X;E; H) for the twisted de Rham complex, consisting of the spaces of dieren tial forms on a compact oriented Riemannian man- ifold X valued in a at vector bundle E, with a dieren tial given by r E + H ^ , where r E is a at connection on E, H is an odd-degree closed dieren tial form on X, and H (X;E; H) denotes the cohomology of this Z2-graded complex. The denition uses pseudo-dieren tial operators and residue traces. We show that when dim X is odd, (X;E; H) is independent of the choice of metrics on X and E and of the representative H in the cohomology class (H). We explain the relation to generalized geometry when H is a 3-form. We demonstrate some basic func- torial properties. When H is a top-degree form, we compute the torsion, dene its simplicial counterpart and prove an analogue of the Cheeger-MTheorem. We also establish the rela- tionship of an invariant form of the analytic torsion for T -dual circle bundles with 3-form uxes.
A formulation of boundary mesh segmentation

We present a formulation of boundary mesh segmentation as an optimization problem. Previous segmentation solutions are classified according to the different segmentation goals, the optimization criteria and the various algorithmic techniques used. We identify two primarily distinct types of mesh segmentation, namely parts segmentation and patch segmentation. We also define generic algorithms for the major techniques used for segmentation.
Costs of switching auditory spatial attention in following conversational turn-taking

Following a multi-talker conversation relies on the ability to rapidly and efficiently shift the focus of spatial attention from one talker to another. The current study investigated the listening costs associated with shifts in spatial attention during conversational turn-taking in 16 normally-hearing listeners using a novel sentence recall task. Three pairs of syntactically fixed but semantically unpredictable matrix sentences, recorded from a single male talker, were presented concurrently through an array of three loudspeakers (directly ahead and +/−30° azimuth). Subjects attended to one spatial location, cued by a tone, and followed the target conversation from one sentence to the next using the call-sign at the beginning of each sentence. Subjects were required to report the last three words of each sentence (speech recall task) or answer multiple choice questions related to the target material (speech comprehension task). The reading span test, attention network test, and trail making test were also administered to assess working memory, attentional control, and executive function. There was a 10.7 ± 1.3% decrease in word recall, a pronounced primacy effect, and a rise in masker confusion errors and word omissions when the target switched location between sentences. Switching costs were independent of the location, direction, and angular size of the spatial shift but did appear to be load dependent and only significant for complex questions requiring multiple cognitive operations. Reading span scores were positively correlated with total words recalled, and negatively correlated with switching costs and word omissions. Task switching speed (Trail-B time) was also significantly correlated with recall accuracy. Overall, this study highlights (i) the listening costs associated with shifts in spatial attention and (ii) the important role of working memory in maintaining goal relevant information and extracting meaning from dynamic multi-talker conversations.
Analysis of the Search Performance of Coalesced Hashing

An analysis is presented of the coalesced hashing method, m which a portion of memory (called the address region) serves as the range of the hash function while the rest of memory (called the cellar) Is devoted solely to storing records that collide when inserted. If the cellar should get full, subsequent colliders must be stored in empty slots in the address region and thus may cause later collisions. Varying the relative size of the cellar affects search performance. The main result of this paper expresses the average search tunes as a function of the number of records and the cellar size, solving a long-standing open problem. These formulas are used to pick the cellar size that leads to optimum search performance, and tt is shown that this "tuned" method outperforms several well-known hashing schemes A discussion of past work on coalesced hashing and a generalization of the method to nonuniform hash functions conclude the paper Categories and SubJect Descriptors E 2 [Data]. Data Storage Representations--hash-table representations; F 2 2 [Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity]Nonnumencal Algorithms and Problems--sorting and searching; G 2 1 [Discrete Mathematics] Combinatoncs--generating functions', permutations and combinations, recurrences and difference equauons; G.3 [Mathematics of Computing]: Probability and Statistlcs--i andom number generat:on, H 3 3 [Information Storage and Retrieval]. Information Search and Retrieval--search process General Terms. Algorithms, Performance, Theory Additional
Elevated homocysteine as a risk factor for the development of diabetes in women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a 4-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential use of the plasma homocysteine level as a predictor of diabetes in women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At 6 weeks' postpartum, baseline examination was performed in 177 GAD-negative subjects. Of these subjects, 7 who were diagnosed with diabetes at baseline were excluded from further evaluation, and 170 with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at baseline were followed annually over 4 years. The follow-up examinations included 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), lipid profiles, homocysteine levels, anthropometric measurements, history taking, diet, and lifestyle. During the OGTTs, insulin and glucose levels were assayed every 30 min. Plasma homocysteine levels were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. RESULTS Of the 170 women, 18 (10.6%) converted to diabetes during the 4-year follow-up period. Mean age, BMI, fasting insulin, and total cholesterol at baseline (6 weeks' postpartum test) were similar in the three study groups (i.e., normal, IGT, and diabetes). Fasting glucose levels, insulin-to-glucose ratios, and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Higher glucose at the time of the diagnosis of GDM and higher homocysteine levels at baseline were independently associated with the onset of postpartum diabetes. These relationships were independent of age, BMI, and family history of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study identified homocysteine level as a significant risk factor for development of diabetes in women with previous GDM.
A Shift in the Biogenic Silica of Sediment in the Larsen B Continental Shelf, Off the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, Resulting from Climate Change

In 2002, section B of the Larsen ice shelf, off of the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, collapsed and created the opportunity to study whether the changes at the sea surface left evidence in the sedimentary record. Biogenic silica is major constituent of Antarctic marine sediment, and its presence in the sediment column is associated with diatom production in the euphotic zone. The abundance of diatom valves and the number of sponge spicules in the biogenic silica was analyzed to determine how the origin of the biogenic silica in the upper layers of the sediment column responded to recent environmental changes. Diatom valves were present only in the upper 2 cm of sediment, which roughly corresponds to the period after the collapse of the ice shelf. In contrast, sponge spicules, a more robust form of biogenic silica, were also found below the upper 2 cm layer of the sediment column. Our results indicate that in this region most of the biogenic silica in the sedimentary record originated from sponge spicules rather than diatoms during the time when the sea surface was covered by the Larsen ice shelf. Since the collapse of the ice shelf, the development of phytoplankton blooms and the consequent influx of diatom debris to the seabed have shifted the biogenic silica record to one dominated by diatom debris, as occurs in most of the Antarctic marine sediment. This shift provides further evidence of the anthropogenic changes to the benthic habitats of the Antarctic and will improve the interpretation of the sedimentary record in Polar Regions where these events occur.
Identifying Problematic Study Progression and “At-Risk” Students in Higher Education in Finland

ABSTRACT Finland offers a specific example of a country with a broad enrolment in higher education, where the educational starting age is relatively high and where studies may last considerably longer than in most other European countries. This study attempted to identify at-risk students in Finnish universities with the greatest probability of non-completion of studies. This probability is by far the highest in the fields of information technology and information sciences and, in specific cases, in the fields of mathematics and science and economics and management. The situation of at-risk students is best described in terms of the scant use of time for present studies, uncertainty regarding their study field choices and their general intention to withdraw from their studies. An analysis of qualitative case study interviews revealed six general student types, each representing different meanings of studying for slowly advancing at-risk students.
T Cell Recognition of Autoantigens in Human Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical Perspectives

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease driven by the activation of lymphocytes against pancreatic β-cells. Among β-cell autoantigens, preproinsulin has been ascribed a key role in the T1D process. The successive steps that control the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes have been extensively studied in animal models of T1D, but remains ill defined in man. In man, T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, are predominant within insulitis. Developing T-cell assays in diabetes autoimmunity is, thus, a major challenge. It is expected to help defining autoantigens and epitopes that drive the disease process, to pinpoint key functional features of epitope-specific T lymphocytes along the natural history of diabetes and to pave the way towards therapeutic strategies to induce immune tolerance to β-cells. New T-cell technologies will allow defining autoreactive T-cell differentiation programs and characterizing autoimmune responses in comparison with physiologically appropriate immune responses. This may prove instrumental in the discovery of immune correlates of efficacy in clinical trials.