Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatically Generating Precise Oracles from Structured Natural Language Specifications

Software specifications often use natural language to describe the desired behavior, but such specifications are difficult to verify automatically. We present Swami, an automated technique that extracts test oracles and generates executable tests from structured natural language specifications. Swami focuses on exceptional behavior and boundary conditions that often cause field failures but that developers often fail to manually write tests for. Evaluated on the official JavaScript specification (ECMA-262), 98.4% of the tests Swami generated were precise to the specification. Using Swami to augment developer-written test suites improved coverage and identified 1 previously unknown defect and 15 missing JavaScript features in Rhino, 1 previously unknown defect in Node.js, and 18 semantic ambiguities in the ECMA-262 specification.
Using 2-way semijoins in distributed query processing

In distributed query processing, the semijoin has been used as an effective operator in reducing relations referenced in the query to reduce the total amount of data transmission. In this paper, we propose a new relational algebra operator, 2-way semijoin, which is an extended version of the semijoin, for more cost-effective distributed query processing. The 2-way semijoin is compared to the semijoin in terms of the reduction power and the propagation of reduction effects. We show that the 2-way semijoin has more reduction power than the semijoin and that the propagation of reduction effects by the 2-way semijoin is further than by the semijoin.
Chemical Oscillations out of Chemical Noise

The dynamics of one species chemical kinetics is studied. Chemical reactions are modelled by means of continuous time Markov processes whose probability distribution obeys a suitable master equation. A large deviation theory is formally introduced, which allows developing a Hamiltonian dynamical system able to describe the system dynamics. Using this technique we are able to show that the intrinsic fluctuations, originated in the discrete character of the reagents, may sustain oscillations and chaotic trajectories which are impossible when these fluctuations are disregarded. An important point is that oscillations and chaos appear in systems whose mean-field dynamics has too low a dimensionality for showing such a behavior. In this sense these phenomena are purely induced by noise, which does not limit itself to shifting a bifurcation threshold. On the other hand, they are large deviations of a short transient nature which typically appear only after long waiting times. We also discuss the implications of our results in understanding extinction events in population dynamics models expressed by means of stoichiometric relations.
Applying a Machine Learning Workbench: Experience with Agricultural Databases

This paper reviews our experience with the application of machine learning techniques to agricultural databases. We have designed and implemented a machine learning workbench, WEKA, which permits rapid experimentation on a given dataset using a variety of machine learning schemes, and has several facilities for interactive investigation of the data: preprocessing attributes, evaluating and comparing the results of different schemes, and designing comparative experiments to be run off-line. We discuss the partnership between agricultural scientist and machine learning researcher that our experience has shown to be vital to success. We review in some detail a particular agricultural application concerned with the culling of dairy herds.
Robust Adaptive Neural Network Control for a Class of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems With Input Nonlinearities

In this paper, robust adaptive neural network (NN) control is investigated for a general class of uncertain multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficient matrices and input nonlinearities. For nonsymmetric input nonlinearities of saturation and deadzone, variable structure control (VSC) in combination with backstepping and Lyapunov synthesis is proposed for adaptive NN control design with guaranteed stability. In the proposed adaptive NN control, the usual assumption on nonsingularity of NN approximation for unknown control coefficient matrices and boundary assumption between NN approximation error and control input have been eliminated. Command filters are presented to implement physical constraints on the virtual control laws, then the tedious analytic computations of time derivatives of virtual control laws are canceled. It is proved that the proposed robust backstepping control is able to guarantee semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive NN control.
Cascaded Constructive Wave Amplification

A high-frequency amplifier technique is introduced based on traveling-wave amplification. As opposed to distributing amplifiers to support traveling waves, the proposed technique amplifies forward traveling waves while attenuating backward traveling waves through a cascade of stages that share a single transmission line. The behavior of the cascaded constructive wave amplifier is analyzed in terms of gain, bandwidth, stability, and noise figure. The amplifier is demonstrated in a 0.12-¿ m SiGe BiCMOS process with 12 cascaded amplification stages and achieves more than 26 dB of gain at 99 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 13 GHz. The input and output return loss is better than 15 and 12 dB, respectively. The noise figure of the amplifier is 10.8 dB at 85 GHz. The output-referred P1 dB is -0.1 dBm and the amplifier consumes 113 mW, including current biasing.
On the impact of Transport Layer mechanisms on routing protocols in MANETS

Wireless Ad hoc Networks have gained huge popularity due to the fact that the initial setup cost of decentralized networks with respect to centralized networks is negligible. Both Routing Layer and Transport Layer protocols have been proposed for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks to optimize the hop by hop path discovery and end to end data delivery. This paper discusses the performance analysis of wireless ad hoc routing protocols when used with different Transport layer mechanisms.
Iteration In Asynchronous System

We present a couple of traditional iterative strategies for unravelling straight comparisons; such routines are broadly utilized, particularly for the arrangement of substantial issues, for example, those emerging from the discrimination of direct fractional differential mathematical statements. We depict the iterative or backhanded systems, which begin from a rough guess to the genuine arrangement and if concurrent, infer a grouping of close estimates the cycle of reckonings being rehashed till the obliged precision is gotten. Keyword: asynchronous system, P-RAM, MPI, Parallel, Distributed, Interconnection network. In this chapter, we present a couple of traditional iterative strategies for unraveling straight comparisons; such routines are broadly utilized, particularly for the arrangement of substantial issues, for example, those emerging from the discrimination of direct fractional differential mathematical statements. We depict the iterative or backhanded systems, which begin from a rough guess to the genuine arrangement and if concurrent, infer a grouping of close estimates the cycle of reckonings being rehashed till the obliged precision is gotten. It implies that in iterative routines the measure of processing relies on upon the precision obliged and we have additionally talked about JACOBI and GaussSeidel calculation with P-RAM and MPI Programming.
Anterior segment physiology after bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-Cl cotransport.

PURPOSE To determine the effect of bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-Cl cotransport on aqueous humor formation and outflow facility in living cynomolgus monkeys, outflow facility in organ-cultured human eyes, and contraction in bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork strips, in vitro. METHODS Aqueous humor formation in monkeys was measured fluorophotometrically for 6 hours, 1 to 6 weeks before, immediately after, and 2 to 6 weeks after bumetanide was administered intravitreally (final concentration approximately 100 or 500 microM) or intravenously (0.01 or 0.03 mg/ kg at 0 and 3 hours). Outflow facility in monkeys was determined by two-level, constant-pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber for 45 to 60 minutes before and after bumetanide was administered by bolus intracameral injection (100 microM, initial anterior chamber concentration) or by exchanging the anterior chamber with 2 ml 10, 100, or 500 microM bumetanide. Urine volume was measured 3 hours after administration of intravenous bumetanide in various diluents. The effect on intraocular pressure in organ-cultured human eyes was determined for 48 hours by constant-flow-variable-pressure perfusion with 10 microM bumetanide. Contraction of fresh bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork was measured isometrically with a force-length transducer system after exposure to 100 microM bumetanide +/-1 microM carbachol. RESULTS The bumetanide concentrations used had little effect on outflow facility or on aqueous humor formation in normal monkeys, on intraocular pressure in organ-cultured human eyes, or on contraction of bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork strips. Intravenous bumetanide increased urine volume, regardless of the diluent used. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Na-K-Cl cotransport is not involved functionally in regulation of aqueous humor inflow and outflow and in contractility of ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork.
Effects of the CORE Exercise Program on Pain and Active Range of Motion in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

[Purpose] This study aimed to identify the effects of the CORE exercise program on pain and active range of motion (AROM) in patients with chronic low back pain. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty subjects with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to two groups: the CORE group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The CORE group performed the CORE exercise program for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks, while the control group did not perform any exercise. The visual analog scale (VAS) and an algometer were used to measure pain, and pain-free AROM in the trunk was measured before and after the intervention. [Results] The CORE group showed significantly decreased VAS scores at rest and during movement and had a significantly increased pressure pain threshold in the quadratus lumborum and AROM in the trunk compared with those in the control group. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that the CORE exercise program is effective in decreasing pain and increasing AROM in patients with chronic low back pain. Thus, the CORE exercise program can be used to manage pain and AROM in patients with chronic low back pain.
Video patch replacement

Abundance of video data calls for more easy-to-use video editing tools. A basic editing operation is to paste a user-specified portion of another image or video onto the existing video footage. This works well for images, however for video sequences the problem is harder because usually one has to estimate the motion of the underlying object shapes, changes in lighting conditions, and possible occlusions. This sketch introduces a simple user-controlled video editing system that tracks and replaces patches of video sequences with a specified replacement texture.
Foreign direct investment and reverse technology spillovers: the effect on total factor productivity

The paper analyses the “feedback effect” of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in emerging economies via technology spillovers across borders. We study the effect of R–D spillovers resulting from outward FDI flows from 18 emerging economies into 34 OECD countries over the 1990-2010 period, comparing the impact with that of spillovers resulting from inward FDI flows. The result confirms that FDI enhances productivity growth; however the impact is much larger when R-D-intensive developed countries invest in the emerging economies than the other way round. Country-specific bilateral elasticities also support this outcome. JEL classification: F210, F430, F620, O470. Keywords: Outward FDI, Inward FDI, Reverse technology spillovers, Total factor productivity.
Toward MRI‐based whole‐brain health assessment: The brain atrophy and lesion index (BALI)

There have been many attempts to assess the elements of age‐ and dementia‐ related neurodegenerative changes in the brain using MRI; however, traditionally assessments focus only on single deficit. Over the past few years, our group has worked to create and validate the Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI) as an MRI‐based whole‐brain structural degeneration rating scale. The BALI can be used for applications in aging and dementia across the entire brain and can be applied to common clinical MR images. As a whole‐brain structural health assessment, the BALI gives a more representative picture of how the brain ages. During the aging process, multiple elements of degeneration accumulate and interact to overwhelm repair processes and cause high‐level failure in the function of the brain. To reflect this process, the BALI combines the assessment of several neurodegeneration changes into one scale. The BALI evaluation can be performed quickly and has been validated for use by non‐neuroradiology expert raters trained with the method. This review gives a brief overview of the content of the BALI; covers the development, refinement, and application of the method; and provides insights about future development and clinical implementation of MRI‐based whole‐brain health assessment in aging and dementia.
Semantics-based grid resource management

Scheduling parallel and distributed applications efficiently onto grid environments is a difficult task and a great variety of scheduling heuristics have been developed aiming to address this issue. A successful grid resource allocation depends, among other things, on the quality of the available information about software artifacts and grid resources. In this paper, we propose a semantic approach to integrate selection of equivalent resources and selection of equivalent software artifacts in order to improve the schedule of resources suitable for a given set of application execution requirements. We also describe a prototype implementation of our approach based on the Integrade grid middleware and experimental results that indicate its benefits.
A system for identification of marine phytoplankton

Identification of marine phytoplankton microscopic images is one of most popular topics in recent research. In this article, we present a system that assists scientists in identifying kinds of marine phytoplankton. First, we built a large image database which represented common phytoplankton species of China's seas areas. More than that, our database will keep expanding because we allow users to submit their own phytoplankton images. Second, we provided an automatic recognition module. In this module, we completed image segmentation with improved region growing, feature extraction based moments, finally classification via SVM and so on. Third, we developed some services to serve the specialist and non-specialists. In one word, with this system, non-specialists without professional knowledge can identify any species in given images, and specialists have a brand-new working platform to try their own ideas in marine phytoplankton identification.
Deep belief networks using hybrid fingerprint feature for virtual screening of drug design

Virtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery. VS process usually works by identifying the ability of structures to bind each other. One of the structure interpretation is molecular fingerprints. Molecular fingerprints are used for computational drug discovery as feature for VS. A variety of fingerprint types has been introduced. Combining two or more fingerprints into a hybrid fingerprints has been found to improve the performance of VS. Furthermore, machine learning techniques have helped to improve the performance of VS. The purpose of this research is to find a new Deep Belief Networks (DBN) architecture approach for hybrid fingerprint features. In this paper, there were two different approaches for combining two fingerprints feature for DBN, then called initial combining and latter combining. This research used six protein target classes as same as the previous research about DBN for VS. The experiments result show that the best way to combine the fingerprints for DBN architecture is initial combining.
Creation of a Multilevel Parallel Version of CFL 3 D

Multilevel parallel versions of CFL3D have been created and their performance has been evaluated for a complete aircraft problem on NAS platforms. CFL3D is a three-dimensional multi-block Navier-Stokes flow solver for structured grids and the official version of the code employs MPI to execute calculations in parallel over the discrete geometrical regions. A second version of the code employing the MLP library was created to compare its performance to that of the MPI library. The major modification to CFL3D, involving the aggressive exploitation of parallelism in the main computational loop, was added to both versions of the code using the OpenMP library. Elimination of the output routine and reassembly of the output after execution increased the effectiveness of all code improvements. On the SGI 3000 architecture, the overall improvements have produced a speedup of 8.5 in the most timeconsuming iterations and implementation on the SGI Altix has further increased this speedup by a factor of 5.5. The MLP library demonstrates a performance somewhat superior to the MPI library because of its superior load balancing capabilities.
First Class Meta-Data Supporting Exploratory Analysis

If overview, zoom, filter, and details are sufficiently important to make them the mantra of Information Visualization [Shneiderman 1996], why aren't they first class objects in InfoVis systems? Why not specify what the overview is of , perform set operations on filters, and annotate details with usage information? While these have all been implemented as one-off features, this paper outlines techniques for persistent storage of session metadata, so that they emerge from the data architecture. The techniques rely on relational databases for their expressiveness and object-oriented database concepts for their direct correspondence to screen objects and operations. They supports arbitrary specification of active datasets, set operations, derived attributes, hierarchical attributes, and reification. Much of the paper describes technical details, such as SQL and database indexes, necessary to build an efficient expressive elegant semantic superstructure. CR Categories: H.3. 7 [Information Storage and Retrieval]: Digital Libraries---User issues.
Systematic Methodology for Designing Reconfigurable $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator Topologies for Multimode Communication Systems

This paper proposes a systematic methodology for designing reconfigurable continuous-time DeltaSigma modulator topologies. Topologies are optimized by minimizing the complexity of the topologies, maximizing the sharing of circuits between the different modes, maximizing the topology robustness with respect to circuit nonidealities, and minimizing the total power consumption. This paper presents a case study for designing topologies for a three-mode reconfigurable DeltaSigma modulator and compares the obtained topologies with a state-of-the-art design and topologies obtained using the DeltaSigma Toolbox
Asymptotic throughput analysis of random beamforming for multi-antenna cognitive broadcast networks

Random beamforming (RBF) has received much attention recently in downlink beamforming because of its simple structure, low-feedback load and same throughput scaling as that obtained using dirty paper coding at the transmitter. In this study, the authors analyse the performance of RBF for cognitive downlink multi-antenna system in terms of the throughput of the secondary network. The authors consider a secondary broadcast station with multiple antennas utilising the licensed spectrum of each primary receiver to broadcast information to multiple secondary users (SUs) simultaneously, as long as the interference power inflicted at each primary receiver is less than a predefined threshold. Firstly, they derived the secondary network closed-form throughput approximation of a single-beam RBF by exploiting extreme value order statistics. Then, closed-form approximation for secondary network throughput on multiple-beam RBF is presented. Simulation results verify the validity of the authors approximation results analysis even with fewer SUs.
A comparative analysis of Twitter users who Tweeted on psychology and political science journal articles

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences between the Twitter users who tweeted on journal articles in psychology and political science disciplines. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from Web of Science, Altmetric.com, and Twitter. A total of 91,826 tweets with 22,541 distinct Twitter user profiles for psychology discipline and 29,958 tweets with 10,478 distinct Twitter user profiles for political science discipline were used for analysis. The demographics analysis includes gender, geographic location, individual or organization user, academic or non-academic background, and psychology/political science domain knowledge background. A machine learning approach using support vector machine (SVM) was used for user classification based on the Twitter user profile information. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to discover the topics that the users discussed from the tweets. Findings Results showed that the demographics of Twitter users who tweeted on psychology and political science are significantly different. Tweets on journal articles in psychology reflected more the impact of scientific research finding on the general public and attracted more attention from the general public than the ones in political science. Disciplinary difference in term of user demographics exists, and thus it is important to take the discipline into consideration for future altmetrics studies. Originality/value From this study, researchers or research organizations may have a better idea on who their audiences are, and hence more effective strategies can be taken by researchers or organizations to reach a wider audience and enhance their influence.
Generalized linear-quadratic problems of deterministic and stochastic optimal control in discrete time

Two fundamental classes of problems in large-scale linear and quadratic programming are described. Multistage problems covering a wide variety of models in dynamic programming and stochastic programming are represented in a new way. Strong properties of duality are revealed which support the development of iterative approximate techniques of solution in terms of saddlepoints. Optimality conditions are derived in a form that emphasizes the possibilities of decomposition.
How much bang for the buck? Mexico and dollarization

Two arguments advanced in favor of Mexico abandoning the peso and adopting the U.S. dollar are to lower exchange rate volatility and inflation. We are not able to identify an independent link between economic growth and either the exogenous component of exchange rate volatility or the exogenous component of inflation. Exchange rate volatility generally reflects other factors, rather than representing an independent growth determinant. The findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that inflation influences growth by affecting financial development. However, we present suggestive evidence that legal reforms offer greater financial development dividends for Mexico than adopting the dollar.