Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of rapport-based techniques for minimizing counter-interrogation tactics amongst a field sample of terrorists.

The impact of rapport-based interview techniques on suspect use of counter-interrogation tactics (CITs) was examined in an operational field sample of 181 police interrogations with international (Al-Qaeda and Al-Qaeda-inspired), paramilitary, and right-wing terrorists. The observing rapport-based interpersonal techniques (ORBIT) framework was used to code rapport-based interrogator skills along 2 dimensions: motivational interviewing skills and interpersonal competence (use of adaptive interviewing behaviors and absence of maladaptive interviewing behaviors). Two components of suspect behavior were measured using the ORBIT tool: interpersonal behavior and counter-interrogation techniques (passive, verbal, passive verbal, no-comment, and retraction). Structural equation modeling revealed that adaptive interviewing was directly associated with decreases in passive CITs but, counter to expectations, increased the prevalence of passive verbal responding. Interrogator use of motivational-interviewingconsistent skills was directly associated with improved adaptive interviewing; reduced maladaptive interviewing; and decreases in passive, verbal, and no-comment CITs, but was associated with higher rates of retraction. Motivational interviewing skills also had a significant indirect effect on reducing passive and increasing passive verbal CITs through its indirect effect on adaptive interviewing. Overall, findings indicate that adopting an adaptive rapport-based interrogation style in which suspects are treated with respect, dignity, and integrity is an effective approach for reducing suspects’ use of CITs.
Efficient Tag Recommendation for Real-Life Data

Despite all of the advantages of tags as an easy and flexible information management approach, tagging is a cumbersome task. A set of descriptive tags has to be manually entered by users whenever they post a resource. This process can be simplified by the use of tag recommendation systems. Their objective is to suggest potentially useful tags to the user. We present a hybrid tag recommendation system together with a scalable, highly efficient system architecture. The system is able to utilize user feedback to tune its parameters to specific characteristics of the underlying tagging system and adapt the recommendation models to newly added content. The evaluation of the system on six real-life datasets demonstrated the system’s ability to combine tags from various sources (e.g., resource content or tags previously used by the user) to achieve the best quality of recommended tags. It also confirmed the importance of parameter tuning and content adaptation. A series of additional experiments allowed us to better understand the characteristics of the system and tagging datasets and to determine the potential areas for further system development.
Changes in reaching and grasping objects of different sizes between 7 and 13 months of age

Twenty-four 7- to 13-month-old infants were videotaped when grasping or attempting to grasp objects of different sizes ranging in height from 7 to 17.5 cm. We investigated how early during the action sequence young infants use their two hands to grasp large objects, in order to determine the age at which they anticipate the need for a bimanual strategy from perception of object size. Second hand onset was also measured to examine whether the second hand could be recruited at any time during an action. The results show that most movements start unimanually and that the second hand is activated later. The younger infants were more successful when grasping large objects with two hands than with one hand, but they did not show more bimanual reaching with large as compared to small objects before 11 months of age. These findings suggest that young infants do not perceive the same action relevant information to drive an action as older infants and that infants shift from a correction to an anticipation strategy as they grow older. The results fit with the idea that, regarding features like size, relevant visuomanual experience may be important for full coordination of the constituent perceptual and motor skills. In addition, after a unimanual initiation, the younger infants tended to activate their second hand only after the first one had completed its course. In contrast, more intermanual flexibility was observed in the older infants. This reflects an increasing range of coordinated patterns during bimanual actions around the end of the first year of life.
Statistical Methods for Convergence Detection of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

In this paper, two approaches for estimating the generation in which a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) shows statistically significant signs of convergence are introduced. A set-based perspective is taken where convergence is measured by performance indicators. The proposed techniques fulfill the requirements of proper statistical assessment on the one hand and efficient optimisation for real-world problems on the other hand. The first approach accounts for the stochastic nature of the MOEA by repeating the optimisation runs for increasing generation numbers and analysing the performance indicators using statistical tools. This technique results in a very robust offline procedure. Moreover, an online convergence detection method is introduced as well. This method automatically stops the MOEA when either the variance of the performance indicators falls below a specified threshold or a stagnation of their overall trend is detected. Both methods are analysed and compared for two MOEA and on different classes of benchmark functions. It is shown that the methods successfully operate on all stated problems needing less function evaluations while preserving good approximation quality at the same time.
The game of word skipping: Who are the competitors?

Computational models such as E-Z Reader and SWIFT are ideal theoretical tools to test quantitatively our current understanding of eye-movement control in reading. Here we present a mathematical analysis of word skipping in the E-Z Reader model by semianalytic methods, to highlight the differences in current modeling approaches. In E-Z Reader, the word identification system must outperform the oculomotor system to induce word skipping. In SWIFT, there is competition among words to be selected as a saccade target. We conclude that it is the question of competitors in the “game” of word skipping that must be solved in eye movement research.
Gender differences in the predictors of police stress

Purpose – The research compared the predictors of work‐related stress for policemen and policewomen. Stressors included workplace problems, token status in the organization, low family and coworker support, and community and organizational conditions.Design/methodology/approach – In 11 police departments, racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Of 2,051 officers sampled, 46.2 percent responded. Questions and scales were adapted from prior research on both males and females. Regression analysis revealed the strength of individual predictors of stress, the variance explained by workplace problems, and the additional variance explained by social support, token status, and community and organizational context.Findings – Workplace problems explained more male's than female's stress. Regardless of gender, the strongest predictor of stress was bias of coworkers, and a weaker predictor was language harassment. Just for males, lack of influence over work and appearance‐related stigmatization were additional.
Using traits to uncover tropical forest function.

Plant traits reflect their evolutionary history and influence physiological processes (Reich, 2014). For example, the embolism risk taken by plants, called the embolism safety margin, is a good predictor of stomatal conductance, and hence photosynthesis (Skelton et al., 2015). Trait-science has grown dramatically in the last decade as we have found universal patterns governing the carbon and nutrient economies of plants (Bloom et al., 1985). Perhaps the greatest value of studying plant functional traits is that they yield understanding of plant functional processes.
Modeling App Behavior from Multiple Artifacts

Understanding the behavior of a mobile application is typically obtained from static or dynamic artifacts including an app's market page. However, each of these artifacts have limitations which make the resulting models of behavior incomplete. In response, this work asks can a technique which combines a larger, more diverse set of artifacts extracted from an app's executable, runtime behavior and market page construct more accurate models of app behavior? And if so, which artifacts and features are most valuable when doing so?
Biosynthesis of terpenes: Studies on 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase

Earlier in vivo studies showed the involvement of IspH protein in the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). We have demonstrated now that cell extract of an Escherichia coli strain engineered for hyperexpression of the ispH (lytB) gene catalyzes the in vitro conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into IPP and DMAPP. The reaction requires NADH, FAD, divalent cations (preferably Co2+), and probably one or more as-yet-unidentified proteins. The low intrinsic catalytic activities of wild-type E. coli cell extract and isolated chromoplasts of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) are enhanced by the addition of purified recombinant IspH protein.
Reliability and Validity of the Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP)

The Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP) is a self-report measure for examining various aspects of health-related lifestyle in older adults through seven scales (Exercise; Diet; Work, Education, and Social Participation; Leisure; Activities of Daily Living; Psychological Wellness and Spiritual Participation; and Other Health Promotion and Risk Behaviors). The current study examined the reliability and validity of the HELP scales through classic test theory. The resultant alpha coefficients ranged from . 75 to . 92 among the scales, indicating acceptable to good internal consistency reliability. Construct validity was also supported by the interrelationships found among the HELP scales and the statistically significant correlations shown between HELP results and global health status (i.e., number of chronic conditions, self-related health). HELP scales can help occupational therapists identify and monitor health promotion occupations and risk behaviors and measure the outcome of services aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in older adults.
Global Solutions for Diierential/algebraic Systems and Implications for Lyapunov Direct Stability Methods

A commonly used mathematical model for the dynamic behaviour of power systems is that of a diierential/algebraic system. Such a system consists of a mixture of diierential equations and algebraic constraints. In this paper the behaviour of solutions to such systems which display certain jump discontinuities are investigated. To analyse stability properties of these solutions Lyapunov theory is used, which has the advantage that solutions of the system need not be uniquely deened to obtain strong results.
COMMENTARY: An Analysis of a Language Test for Employment: The Authenticity of the PhonePass Test

This article presents an analysis of Ordinate Corporation's PhonePass Spoken English Test–10. The company promotes this product as being a useful assessment tool for screening job candidates' ability in spoken English. In the real-life domain of the work environment, one of the primary target language use tasks involves extended production responses. This includes interaction with the clients, responding to customers, and so forth. What is germane here is the question, does the domain of the test tasks found in the PhonePass Spoken English Test–10 correspond to the real-life domain of nontest tasks? Thus the rationale for my using the framework of language task characteristics outlined by Bachman and Palmer (1996) and the Test Fairness framework proposed by Kunnan (2004) as guides for an analysis to see if the target language domain of this test is something that the test taker is likely to face in the real-life domain of a work environment.
Improved performance in a prenatal screening programme for Down's syndrome incorporating serum‐free hCG subunit analyses

A prenatal screening programme for Down's syndrome potentially detecting 76 per cent of affected pregnancies in the South Australian general population at an amniocentesis rate of 3.9 per cent was designed following analysis of mid‐trimester serum samples from 57 women who carried an affected fetus. This equates to one affected pregnancy being detected for 41 chromosomal analyses performed. For the experimental series, 75.4 per cent of affected pregnancies were detected, while 4.1 per cent of control specimens produced estimated risk odds consistent with further action. A maternal risk odds of birth of a Down's syndrome fetus of 1:420 was taken as the decision value, which is the prevalence of Down's syndrome births to 35‐year‐old mothers in South Australia. This screening performance was achieved by investigating combinations of serum analytes not previously reported and by refining the calculation of maternal risk odds to include selective weighting of indicator analytes. Combination of the measurements of free α‐subunits and β‐subunits of chorionic gonadotrophin, α‐fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol, and placental lactogen was found to be most effective in indicating Down's syndrome fetuses. In all combinations of analytes tested, replacing the measurements of free α‐subunits and free β‐subunits of chorionic gonadotrophin with the measurement of intact chorionic gonadotropin produced a less effective screen.
Landmark based augmented reality endoscope system for sinus and skull-base surgeries

Endoscopic video stream during sinus and skull base surgeries can be augmented with the preoperatively chosen landmark to provide effective navigation for the operating surgeon. Currently available systems try to augment with CT or MR image slices. This will be of not much help since there is too much information overlaid. We have developed a simplified landmark based Augmented Reality (AR) system for endoscopic sinus/skull-base surgeries. Results are presented from the experiments with plastic skull and cadaver specimen. Subjective evaluation from a experienced surgeon confirms the effectiveness of the system.
Location-Based Decision-Making Mechanism for Device-to-Device Link Establishment

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has a high potential in reducing the amount of network traffic and improving the latency and energy efficiency of communication. Currently, D2D link establishment decisions are based on active probing between devices that wish to establish a D2D link. The main drawback of such approaches is a large overhead as during active probing no data communication can take place. We leverage physical locations of the devices that wish to establish a D2D link in order to estimate the probability of success in establishing the link before making an attempt to communicate. The probability of success is given as a closed form equation that takes into account the imperfections of location information of the devices and intrinsic randomness of wireless environments. We experimentally evaluate the proposed location-based decision- making mechanism for D2D link establishment in a complex office-like indoor environment. We show that setting the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold of the proposed mechanism to a value that is 5 dB higher than the nominal SNR required for communication results in reliable link establishment with false positive rate of less than 2%. Furthermore, we show a relatively small loss of link establishment potential due to an increase in the inaccuracies of location information.
Building a Large Chinese Corpus Annotated with Semantic Dependency

At present most of corpora are annotated mainly with syntactic knowledge. In this paper, we attempt to build a large corpus and annotate semantic knowledge with dependency grammar. We believe that words are the basic units of semantics, and the structure and meaning of a sentence consist mainly of a series of semantic dependencies between individual words. A 1,000,000-word-scale corpus annotated with semantic dependency has been built. Compared with syntactic knowledge, semantic knowledge is more difficult to annotate, for ambiguity problem is more serious. In the paper, the strategy to improve consistency is addressed, and congruence is defined to measure the consistency of tagged corpus. Finally, we will compare our corpus with other well-known corpora.
Na+/H+ antiporter of brush border vesicles: studies with acridine orange uptake.

Fluorescence quenching of acridine orange was used to characterize the generation and collapse of pH gradients by the Na+/H+ antiporter of brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit renal cortex. Quenching was observed when acridine orange, a weak base, was taken up to an acidic intravesicular space. Na+/H+ exchange was examined with both Na+ uptake and efflux studies. Acridine orange fluorescence quenching demonstrated the cation specificity of the Na+/H+ antiporter (i.e., sodium and lithium) and was inhibited by amiloride. Parallel studies with nigericin, a K+/H+ antiporter, demonstrated that acridine orange responded very rapidly to pH gradients. Therefore, acridine orange equilibration was not rate limiting in our studies of the Na+/H+ antiporter. Initial rate measurements were made to obtain kinetic parameters for the Na+/H+ antiporter. In sodium influx studies, the half-maximal rate of acridine orange fluorescence change was obtained with an external sodium concentration of 13.3 +/- 0.5 mM.
Application of Hybrid Assessment Method for Priority Assessment of Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

Requirements prioritization is recognized as a critical but often neglected activity during software development process. To achieve a high quality software system, both functional and non-functional requirements must be taken into consideration during the prioritization process. Although in recent past years a lot of research has been devoted to requirements prioritization problems, research on proposing approaches to consider both functional and non-functional requirements throughout the prioritization process is still limited. In this article, we propose an approach using Hybrid Assessment Method (HAM) to prioritize both functional and non-functional requirements simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been evaluated through an experiment with the aim of comparing the approach with the other state-of-the-art-based approach, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
TASK ALLOCATION METHODOLOGIES FOR MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEMS

One of most important aspects in the design of multi-robot systems is the allocation of tasks among the robots in a productive and efficient manner. Task allocation methodologies must ensure that not only the global mission is achieved, but also the tasks are well distributed among the robots. An effective task allocation approach considers the available resources, the entities to optimize (time, energy, quality), the capabilities of the deployable robots, and appropriately allocates the tasks accordingly. This paper presents ten such task allocation methodologies for multi-robot systems, providing a review of numerous approaches.
A Framework for Integrated Power Control , Routing and Link Scheduling in Multihop CDMA Networks

In this paper, we propose a general framework for integration of power control, routing and scheduling relying on time-scales in multihop ad hoc CDMA networks. We exploit the longer time-scale available for link (not packet) scheduling to perform that complex operation only periodically and suggest a feasible incremental strategy for admission control and re-routing between scheduling ”refreshes”. We also propose a feasible, distributed power control algorithm that maximizes a global (network-wide) utility. Routing identifies minimum SINR nodes per flow and these bottleneck SINRs are monitored by their (interfering) neighbors, i.e., transmission powers are adjusted specifically with the affected flows’ bottleneck SINRs in mind.
Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems

Karl E. Weick In contrast to the prevailing image that elements in organizations are coupled through dense, tight linkages, it is proposed that elements are often tied together frequently and loosely. Using educational organizations as a case in point, it is argued that the concept of loose coupling incorporates a surprising number of disparate observations about organizations, suggests novel functions, creates stubborn problems for methodologists, and generates intriguing questions for scholars. Sample studies of loose coupling are suggested and research priorities are posed to foster cumulative work with this concept.1
Adaptation strategies of endolithic chlorophototrophs to survive the hyperarid and extreme solar radiation environment of the Atacama Desert

The Atacama Desert, northern Chile, is one of the driest deserts on Earth and, as such, a natural laboratory to explore the limits of life and the strategies evolved by microorganisms to adapt to extreme environments. Here we report the exceptional adaptation strategies of chlorophototrophic and eukaryotic algae, and chlorophototrophic and prokaryotic cyanobacteria to the hyperarid and extremely high solar radiation conditions occurring in this desert. Our approach combined several microscopy techniques, spectroscopic analytical methods, and molecular analyses. We found that the major adaptation strategy was to avoid the extreme environmental conditions by colonizing cryptoendolithic, as well as, hypoendolithic habitats within gypsum deposits. The cryptoendolithic colonization occurred a few millimeters beneath the gypsum surface and showed a succession of organized horizons of algae and cyanobacteria, which has never been reported for endolithic microbial communities. The presence of cyanobacteria beneath the algal layer, in close contact with sepiolite inclusions, and their hypoendolithic colonization suggest that occasional liquid water might persist within these sub-microhabitats. We also identified the presence of abundant carotenoids in the upper cryptoendolithic algal habitat and scytonemin in the cyanobacteria hypoendolithic habitat. This study illustrates that successful lithobiontic microbial colonization at the limit for microbial life is the result of a combination of adaptive strategies to avoid excess solar irradiance and extreme evapotranspiration rates, taking advantage of the complex structural and mineralogical characteristics of gypsum deposits—conceptually called “rock's habitable architecture. ” Additionally, self-protection by synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites likely produces a shielding effect that prevents photoinhibition and lethal photooxidative damage to the chlorophototrophs, representing another level of adaptation.