Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PREVENTION FOR PEER BULLYING IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Aims: Peer bullying is a frequent problem among adolescents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of complementary prevention for peer bullying in 11-14-year-old adolescents with family, teacher, student collaboration and to assess the effect of peer bullying on the quality of life. Methods: Seven hundred sixty students registered in school between ages 11-14, and who accepted to participate in the study were included in our investigation. Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were used as data collection tools in the study. After the pre-test, school teachers and two selected students from each class; a total of 48 students were trained in peer bullying in small group. Interactive awareness activities were organized for the students at the school with all trained students and teachers to raise awareness of peer bullying. Afterwards, information brochures were distributed to the children and parents. 3 weeks after the training post-test was applied. The statistical evaluation of the study was carried out by using Chi-square and Student’s t-tests. Results: The questions about bullying and victimization were analyzed. In the study, the rate of victim students reduced from 43.2% to 30.4%; the rate of bully students reduced from 23.4% to 21.7%. There was a significant reduction in the rate of people involved in peer bullying. Nevertheless, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory assessment of health-related quality of life in our group showed that the quality of life of students who were not involved in peer bullying was significantly higher. After our training, quality of life significantly increased in students who were not involved in bullying, compared to the ones who are involved in bullying. Conclusion: In our study group, it was observed that the quality of life of students who were not involved in peer bullying was significantly higher. The number of people involved in peer bullying decreased significantly. The low number of invalid surveys revealed that our research was successful in attracting the attention of the target group.
Poverty, Education, and Health in Indonesia: Who Benefits from Public Spending?

The authors investigate the extent to which Indonesia's poor benefit from public and private provisioning of education and health services. Drawing on multiple rounds of SUSENAS household surveys, they document a reversal in the rate of decline in poverty and a slowdown in social sector improvements resulting from the economic crisis in the second half of the 1990s. Carrying out traditional static benefit-incidence analysis of public spending in education and health, the authors find patterns consistent with experience in other countries: spending on primary education and primary health care tends to be pro-poor, while spending on higher education and hospitals is less obviously beneficial to the poor. These conclusions are tempered once one allows for economies of scale in consumption which weaken the link between poverty status and household size. The authors also examine the incidence of changes in government spending. They find that the marginal incidence of spending in both junior and senior secondary schooling is more progressive than what static analysis would suggest, consistent with"early capture"by the non-poor of education spending. In the health sector marginal and average incidence analysis point to the same conclusion: the greatest benefit to the poor would come from an increase in primary health care spending.
Whirlin replacement restores the formation of the USH2 protein complex in whirlin knockout photoreceptors.

PURPOSE Whirlin is the causative gene for Usher syndrome type IID (USH2D), a condition manifested as both retinitis pigmentosa and congenital deafness. Mutations in this gene cause disruption of the USH2 protein complex composed of USH2A and VLGR1 at the periciliary membrane complex (PMC) in photoreceptors. In this study, the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated whirlin replacement was evaluated as a treatment option. METHODS Murine whirlin cDNA driven by the human rhodopsin kinase promoter (hRK) was packaged as an AAV2/5 vector and delivered into the whirlin knockout retina through subretinal injection. The efficiency, efficacy, and safety of this treatment were examined using immunofluorescent staining, confocal imaging, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blot analysis, histologic analysis, and electroretinogram. RESULTS The AAV-mediated whirlin expression started at two weeks, reached its maximum level at 10 weeks, and lasted up to six months post injection. The transgenic whirlin product had a molecular size and an expression level comparable to the wild-type. It was distributed at the PMC in both rod and cone photoreceptors from the central to peripheral retina. Importantly, the transgenic whirlin restored the cellular localization and expression level of both USH2A and VLGR1 and did not cause defects in the retinal histology and function in the whirlin knockout mouse. CONCLUSIONS Whirlin transgene recruits USH2A and VLGR1 to the PMC and is sufficient for the formation of the USH2 protein complex in photoreceptors. The combined hRK and AAV gene delivery system could be an effective gene therapy approach to treat retinal degeneration in USH2D patients.
Comparison of the Cobas 4800 HPV and HPV 9G DNA Chip Tests for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Specimens of Women with Consecutive Positive HPV Tests But Negative Pap Smears

Detecting high-risk (HR) HPV is important for clinical management of women with persistent HPV-positive and Pap-negative results. The Cobas 4800 HPV test is the first FDA-approved HPV DNA test that can be used alone as a first-line screening tool. The HPV 9G DNA chip test is a PCR-based DNA microarray assay. We evaluated the patients of consecutive HPV-positivity on HPV 9G DNA chip test without cytologic abnormalities. We then compared the performances of HPV 9G DNA chip and the Cobas 4800 HPV tests for detecting HR HPV with each other and confirmed HPV genotyping using direct sequencing. All 214 liquid-based cytology specimens were collected from 100 women with consecutive HPV-positive and Pap-negative results on the HPV 9G DNA chip test between May 2012 and Dec 2013, but only 180 specimens were available for comparing HPV test results. The HPV 9G DNA chip and the Cobas 4800 HPV tests agreed with each other in 81.7% of the samples, and the concordance rate was greater than 97.2% for detecting HPV-16 or -18. For HR genotypes other than HPV types 16 and 18, the two tests agreed for 81.1% of the samples. The sensitivity of both assays for detecting HR HPV was 100%, regardless of HR genotypes. The HPV 9G DNA chip test may be as effective as the Cobas 4800 HPV test in detecting HR HPV, and has a similar ability to identify HPV-16 and -18.
Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Constitutes a Large and Diverse Family of Proteins Involved in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.)

Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are an ubiquitous group of polypeptides that were first described to accumulate during plant seed dehydration, at the later stages of embryogenesis. Since then they have also been recorded in vegetative plant tissues experiencing water limitation and in anhydrobiotic bacteria and invertebrates and, thereby, correlated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive study about the LEA gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.), the most important and widely grown fruit crop around the world. A surprisingly high number (72) of genes encoding C. sinensis LEAs (CsLEAs) were identified and classified into seven groups (LEA_1, LEA_2, LEA_3 and LEA_4, LEA_5, DEHYDRIN and SMP) based on their predicted amino acid sequences and also on their phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of Arabidopsis thaliana LEA proteins (AtLEAs). Approximately 60% of the CsLEAs identified in this study belongs to the unusual LEA_2 group of more hydrophobic LEA proteins, while the other LEA groups contained a relatively small number of members typically hydrophilic. A correlation between gene structure and motif composition was observed within each LEA group. Investigation of their chromosomal localizations revealed that the CsLEAs were non-randomly distributed across all nine chromosomes and that 33% of all CsLEAs are segmentally or tandemly duplicated genes. Analysis of the upstream sequences required for transcription revealed the presence of various stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions of CsLEAs, including ABRE, DRE/CRT, MYBS and LTRE. Expression analysis using both RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) revealed that the CsLEA genes are widely expressed in various tissues, and that many genes containing the ABRE promoter sequence are induced by drought, salt and PEG. These results provide a useful reference for further exploration of the CsLEAs functions and applications on crop improvement.
Memory error resilient detection for massive MIMO systems

Massive MIMO systems employing hundreds of antennas at the base station (BS) are considered a breakthrough technology to provide users with high data rates. However, large number of antennas demands memories of large size which are prone to faults due to current aggressive technology downscaling. This paper introduces a novel nonlinear minimum mean square error (NMMSE) based detection algorithm that takes memory errors into account. The proposed detection method is able to handle multiple memory errors with low computational overhead. Simulation reports that the proposed solution significantly reduces the impact of multiple memory errors on the bit error rate (BER).
A Dynamic Update Model of Sentence Processing

In recent years formal semantic theories based on the principle of compositionality have been criticized of not being able to explain how meaning is computed in the brain (Baggio and Hagoort 2011). For example, although neither John squeezed an orange nor John squeezed an apple contain a semantic anomaly, they are processed differently in the brain, because orange is more expected as the direct object of squeeze than apple. Alternative approaches, like that of Van Lambalgen and Hamm (2005) abandon compositionality by allowing lexical meanings to be both enriched and reduced during semantic processing. In this article we try to bridge the gap between neuroscience and formal semantics. We develop a compositional dynamic update model of sentence processing that is based on strategies from Dynamic Epistemic Logic and Epistemic Temporal Logic. For example, the meaning of a verb is a set of evolutions, modeled by a branching tree that describes how events can evolve. The branches of the tree are ordered by a preorder that captures a comprehender’s conditional beliefs about the plausibility of the different evolutions. New information is modeled as a (doxastic) event model. The result of updating the current discourse model with this new information is defined as a form of priority update.
A scheme of integrating DNS into P2P service network

Service discovery is critical for mapping logical resource name to physical resources in large-scale distributed systems. The traditional Domain Name System (DNS) deployed on the Internet, however, suffers from slow-down, vulnerability for denial of service attacks, and does not support fast updates. To address these problems, a novel decentralized service discovery approach based on peer-to-peer approach, but DNS and distributed hash tables not quite perfect together. We explore one such transitional scheme integrating legacy DNS into peer-to-peer service network. Our system introduces DNS elements with slight modifications, at the same time inheriting P2P's fault-tolerance and load balance prosperities. The experimental evaluation shows that proposed scheme achieves higher data availability and provides efficient query with lower latency.
Plakofuranolactone as a Quorum Quenching Agent from the Indonesian Sponge Plakortis cf. lita

There is an urgent need for novel strategies to fight drug resistance and multi-drug resistance. As an alternative to the classic antibiotic therapy, attenuation of the bacteria virulence affecting their Quorum sensing (QS) system is a promising approach. Quorum sensing (QS) is a genetic regulation system that allows bacteria to communicate with each other and coordinate group behaviors. A new γ-lactone that is capable of inhibiting the LasI/R QS system, plakofuranolactone (1), was discovered in the extract of the marine sponge Plakortis cf. lita, and its structure, including absolute configuration, was determined by NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry, and quantum-mechanical prediction of optical rotation. The quorum quenching activity of plakofuranolactone was evaluated using reporter gene assays for long- and short-chain signals (E. coli pSB1075, E. coli pSB401, and C. violeaceum CV026) and was confirmed by measuring the total protease activity (a virulence factor which is under control of the LasI/R system) of the wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1. Further research will be pursued to assess the potential of plakofuranolactone as a new antivirulence lead compound and a chemical tool to increase the knowledge in this field.
LCC's GISTexter at DUC 2006: Multi-Strategy Multi-Document Summarization

In this paper, we describe how Language Computer Corporation’s GIST EXTER question-directed summarization system combines multiple strategies for question decomposition and summary generation in order to produce summary-length answers to complex questions. In addition, we introduce a novel framework for question-directed summarization that uses a state-of-the-art textual entailment system (Hickl et al., 2006) in order to select a single responsive summary answer from amongst a number of candidate summaries. We show that by considering entailment relationships between sentences extracted for a summary, we can automatically create semantic “Pyramids” that can be used to identify answer passages that are both relevant and responsive.
Brain dynamics that correlate with effects of learning on auditory distance perception

Accuracy in auditory distance perception can improve with practice and varies for sounds differing in familiarity. Here, listeners were trained to judge the distances of English, Bengali, and backwards speech sources pre-recorded at near (2-m) and far (30-m) distances. Listeners' accuracy was tested before and after training. Improvements from pre-test to post-test were greater for forward speech, demonstrating a learning advantage for forward speech sounds. Independent component (IC) processes identified in electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during pre- and post-testing revealed three clusters of ICs across subjects with stimulus-locked spectral perturbations related to learning and accuracy. One cluster exhibited a transient stimulus-locked increase in 4–8 Hz power (theta event-related synchronization; ERS) that was smaller after training and largest for backwards speech. For a left temporal cluster, 8–12 Hz decreases in power (alpha event-related desynchronization; ERD) were greatest for English speech and less prominent after training. In contrast, a cluster of IC processes centered at or near anterior portions of the medial frontal cortex showed learning-related enhancement of sustained increases in 10–16 Hz power (upper-alpha/low-beta ERS). The degree of this enhancement was positively correlated with the degree of behavioral improvements. Results suggest that neural dynamics in non-auditory cortical areas support distance judgments. Further, frontal cortical networks associated with attentional and/or working memory processes appear to play a role in perceptual learning for source distance.
The Shifting Prevalence of Conflict in Psychoanalytic Literature: A Brief Report of a Corpus-Based Text Analysis

Several scholars have suggested that with the growing pluralism in psychoanalytic thinking, the classical concept of psychic conflict is on the decline in the analytic literature, displaced by a growing emphasis on alternative conceptions of psychopathology, including deficit models, attachment theory, and relational perspectives. The present study utilized a corpus-based analysis to a sample of the psychoanalytic literature to test the assumption that conflict theory is in decline. Based on the literature, the authors explored (a) whether the use of conflict and related terms has in fact declined in recent decades and (b) the ascendance of competing theoretical constructs. To complete the analysis, a corpus was derived from every published article by the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association between years 1953 and 2010. A customized dictionary was created, comprised of variations of conflict (e.g., conflicts, conflicting, conflicted, conflictual) as well as additional metapsychological terms (e.g., ego, defense, repression, drive, relational, intersubjective). The authors used linguistic inquiry and word count to complete a simple frequency analysis of dictionary terms. Results suggested that mentions of conflict in a major psychoanalytic journal rose from the early 1950s and peaked in the early 1980s, followed by a persistent decline. Furthermore, results indicated an inverse relationship in the past 25 years between conflict and alternative constructs from attachment and relational theories, suggesting that the increased popularity of such alternatives may have contributed to the decline of conflict theory.
The Development of an Instrument for Measuring Burnout in Public School Administrators.

The development of a reliable and valid instrument to measure levels of school administrator burnout is the objective of this research. The stages involved in the development and assessment of the Administrator Role Perception Inventory (ARPI) were item writing, field testing, participant selection, test administration, and data analysis. The instrument was mailed to the 2,113 members of the Confederation of Oregon School Administrators, with a 62% return. Multivariate and univariate analyses were used to assess internal consistency, content validity, and criterion validity in relation to self-perceptions and perceptions of peers' levels of burnout. Findings point to the need for recognition of burnout and the importance of wellness programs to enhance administrator effectiveness. Twelve tables provide statistical substantiation of the results. (10 references) (LMI) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
For Peer Review A Robust Design Space Modeling

Architectural design spaces of microprocessors are often exponentially large with respect to the pending processor parameters. To avoid simulating all configurations in the design space, machine learning and statistical techniques have been utilized to build regression models for characterizing the relationship between architectural configurations and responses (e.g., performance or power consumption). However, it is shown in this paper that the accuracy variability of many learning techniques over different design spaces and benchmarks can be significant enough to mislead the decision-making. This clearly indicates a high risk of applying techniques which work well on previous modeling tasks (each involves a design space, benchmark, and design objective) to a new task, due to which the powerful tools might be impractical. Inspired by ensemble learning in the machine learning domain, we propose a robust framework called ELSE to reduce the accuracy variability of design space modeling. Rather than employing a single learning technique as previous investigations, ELSE employs distinct learning techniques to build multiple base regression models for each modeling task. This is not a trivial combination of different techniques (e.g., always trusting the regression model with the smallest error). Instead, ELSE carefully maintains the diversity of base regression models, and constructs a meta-model from the base models, which can provide accurate predictions even when the base models are far from accurate. Consequently, we are able to reduce the number of cases in which the final prediction errors are unacceptably large. Experimental results validate the robust-ness of ELSE: compared with the widely used Artificial Neural Network over 52 distinct modeling tasks, ELSE can reduce the accuracy variability by about 62%, and the number of modeling tasks under which the maximal prediction errors are larger than 40% from 15 to only 0. Moreover, ELSE reduces the average prediction error by 27% and 85% for the investigated MIPS and POWER design spaces, respectively.
Femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer for the deposition of nanoscale transparent and solid-phase materials

The Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) technique [1] exists as a simple method for the direct-writing of a wide range of materials with sub-micron to 100s of microns feature sizes. A thin film of the material to be deposited (the donor) is coated onto one face of a transparent carrier substrate and transferred to another substrate (the receiver) placed some microns away by irradiating the carrier-donor interface through the carrier with a CW or pulsed laser. The process is inherently thermal in nature, with melting and ablation of the donor required to provide the necessary thrust for transferring material. Hence, the technique is not readily applied to the deposition of thermo-sensitive materials
Productivity and Economies of Scale in the Production of Bank Service Value Added

This paper uses a new measure of bank service output to estimate various specifications of production and cost functions for Bank Holding Companies (BHCs) over the period 1986 to 1999. The new output series is a true flow measure of bank service value added, and it follows from a unified model of bank operation that integrates risk and the measurement of bank services. The model also establishes separability between the production function of bank services and the funds borrowed and lent-a special intermediate input for banks. The preferred specification of the cost function estimates a large dispersion in productivity levels across BHCs. This implies that one potential benefit of bank mergers is the acquisition by more productive banks of less productive banks, thereby improving the targets' productivity. The cost function also yields an estimate of increasing returns to scale in banking, contrasting with the typical finding in the existing literature of constant returns to scale. On the other hand, the production function estimates decreasing returns to scale. But these estimates are shown to be potentially biased downward, whereas the estimates from the cost function are likely to be biased upward because of measurement errors in the imputed output. The paper tentatively concludes that there is likely to be a modest degree of increasing returns to scale in the production of bank services. If confirmed, this tentative conclusion implies that the cost savings from increased scale of banking institutions should be taken into account in the analysis of mergers and antitrust policy.