Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Resonance Analysis to AC–DC Networks

Medium to long-distance underground ac lines and both short- and long-distance HVdc are frequently integrated into network expansion plans. In conjunction with growing numbers of power-electronic converters in the grid, there is a rising risk related to the effects of harmonic currents. Resonance analysis should therefore be part of power system expansion planning. In this paper, network harmonic modeling and analysis are discussed, in particular, power transformer and power converter frequency models are proposed. Frequency scanning and resonance mode analysis are compared and discussed. The changes in resonance response due to transmission network expansion are drawn. The methods are applied to the investigation of the impact of one link reinforcement, both ac and ac solutions, as well as the impact of the power transformer disconnection. The performed analysis enables finding the resonance location at each studied case. The frequency analysis methods presented in this paper enable forseeing network frequency behavior that is valuable for both network analysis and network expansion planning.
Induction of the Nrf2-driven Antioxidant Response Confers Neuroprotection during Mitochondrial Stress in Vivo*

NF-E2 related factor (Nrf2) controls a pleiotropic cellular defense, where multiple antioxidant/detoxification pathways are up-regulated in unison. Although small molecule inducers of Nrf2 activity have been reported to protect neurons in vitro, whether similar pathways can be accessed in vivo is not known. We have investigated whether in vivo toxicity of the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) can be attenuated by constitutive and inducible Nrf2 activity. The absence of Nrf2 function in Nrf2–/– mice resulted in 3-NP hypersensitivity that became apparent with time and increasing dose, causing motor deficits and striatal lesions on a more rapid time scale than identically treated Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2+/– controls. Striatal succinate dehydrogenase activity, the target of 3-NP, was inhibited to the same extent in all genotypes by a single acute dose of 3-NP, suggesting that brain concentrations of 3-NP were similar. Dietary supplementation with the Nrf2 inducer tert-butylhydroquinone attenuated 3-NP toxicity in Nrf2+/– mice, but not Nrf2–/–, confirming the Nrf2-specific action of the inducer in vivo. Increased Nrf2 activity alone was sufficient to protect animals from 3-NP toxicity because intrastriatal adenovirus-mediated Nrf2 overexpression significantly reduced lesion size compared with green fluorescent protein overexpressing controls. In cultured astrocytes, 3-NP was found to increase Nrf2 activity leading to antioxidant response element-dependent gene expression providing a potential mechanism for the increased sensitivity of Nrf2–/– animals to 3-NP toxicity in vivo. We conclude that Nrf2 may underlie a feedback system limiting oxidative load during chronic metabolic stress
Fast response one-cycle control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filter

This paper proposes a fast response One-Cycle Control (OCC) strategy for three-phase shunt active power filter. A comprehensive study of the OCC technique, exploiting their features and inherent drawbacks to provide a better understanding of this technique is presented. Simulation results of the active power filter with the conventional and proposed OCC strategies are shown in order to evaluate the performances of both for harmonics and power factor compensation of a nonlinear load. Experimental results are carried out and compared with the theoretical prediction.
What is fetal programming?: a lifetime health is under the control of in utero health

The “Barker hypothesis” postulates that a number of organ structures and associated functions undergo programming during embryonic and fetal life, which determines the set point of physiological and metabolic responses that carry into adulthood. Hence, any stimulus or insult at a critical period of embryonic and fetal development can result in developmental adaptations that produce permanent structural, physiological and metabolic changes, thereby predisposing an individual to cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine disease in adult life. This article will provide evidence linking these diseases to fetal undernutrition and an overview of previous studies in this area as well as current advances in understanding the mechanism and the role of the placenta in fetal programming.
Integrated analysis sheds light on evolutionary trajectories of young transcription start sites in the human genome

Previous studies revealed widespread transcription initiation and fast turnover of transcription start sites (TSSs) in mammalian genomes. Yet how new TSSs originate and how they evolve over time remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed ∼200,000 human TSSs by integrating evolutionary and functional genomic data, particularly focusing on TSSs that emerged in the primate lineages. We found that intrinsic factors of repetitive sequences and their proximity to established regulatory modules (extrinsic factors) contribute significantly to origin of new TSSs. In early periods, young TSSs experience rapid sequence evolution driven by endogenous mutational mechanisms that reduce the instability of associated repetitive sequences. In later periods, the regulatory functions of young TSSs are gradually modified, and with evolutionary changes subject to temporal (fewer regulatory changes in younger TSSs) and spatial constraints (fewer regulatory changes in more isolated TSSs). These findings advance our understanding of how regulatory innovations arise in the genome throughout evolution and highlight the roles of repetitive sequences in these processes.
Assimilation and isotopic discrimination of hydrogen in tilapia: implications for studying animal diet with δ2H

Hydrogen isotope (dΗ) analysis has become a valuable tool in the study of animal migration; however, the biochemical framework required for ecologists to confidently apply dΗ to quantify resource use has yet to be adequately resolved. In contrast to carbon (dC) and nitrogen (dN) isotopes where food is the only source of these elements, there are two distinct sources of hydrogen available to consumers for tissue synthesis: food and water. To effectively use tissue dΗ values as a tracer of food and water resources, two fundamental questions need to be examined in animals that inhabit different environments: (1) What proportion of hydrogen in tissues is derived from sources of food vs. water? and (2) What is the magnitude and degree of variation in total dΗ discrimination (DHnet) between consumer tissues and these sources? We completed a 3 9 3 controlled feeding experiment on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in which we varied the dΗ of tank water and dietary macromolecules to examine these questions in two tissues commonly analyzed by ecologists: muscle and liver. We found that the proportion of hydrogen in tilapia tissue derived from tank water was similar for muscle (~23%) and liver (~25%). We then used linear regression and an isotope mixing model based on accompanying dC data to estimate the proportion of hydrogen in muscle and liver tissue derived from dietary protein (34–44%), cornmeal (21–27%), corn syrup (4–5%), and lipids (≤1%). With this information and the dΗ values of water, protein, carbohydrates, and lipids supplied to fish in each treatment, we calculated DHnet values of 47& 5& for muscle and 41& 5& for liver. Our experiment is the first to quantify the relative proportion of hydrogen from different dietary macromolecules used by an omnivore to synthesize its tissues. Such information is needed to further refine the use of dΗ analysis as a dietary tracer for aquatic animals.
Single-compartment models of retinal ganglion cells with different electrophysiologies

ABSTRACT There are more than 15 different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mammalian retina. To model responses of RGCs to electrical stimulation, we use single-compartment Hodgkin–Huxley-type models and run simulations in the Neuron environment. We use our recently published in vitro data of different morphological cell types to constrain the model, and study the effects of electrophysiology on the cell responses separately from the effects of morphology. We find simple models that can match the spike patterns of different types of RGCs. These models, with different input–output properties, may be used in a network to study retinal network dynamics and interactions.
Comparison of the oral microbiome in mouthwash and whole saliva samples

Population-based epidemiologic studies can provide important insight regarding the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Buccal cells samples using commercial mouthwash have been obtained in large prospective cohorts for the purpose of studying human genomic DNA. We aimed to better understand if these mouthwash samples are also a valid resource for the study of the oral microbiome. We collected one saliva sample and one Scope mouthwash sample from 10 healthy subjects. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from both types of samples were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. We comprehensively compared these paired samples for bacterial community composition and individual taxonomic abundance. We found that mouthwash samples yielded similar amount of bacterial DNA as saliva samples (p from Student’s t-test for paired samples = 0.92). Additionally, the paired samples had similar within sample diversity (p from = 0.33 for richness, and p = 0.51 for Shannon index), and clustered as pairs for diversity when analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. No significant difference was found in the paired samples with respect to the taxonomic abundance of major bacterial phyla, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria (FDR adjusted q values from Wilcoxin signed-rank test = 0.15, 0.15, 0.87, 1.00 and 0.15, respectively), and all identified genera, including genus Streptococcus (q = 0.21), Prevotella (q = 0.25), Neisseria (q = 0.37), Veillonella (q = 0.73), Fusobacterium (q = 0.19), and Porphyromonas (q = 0.60). These results show that mouthwash samples perform similarly to saliva samples for analysis of the oral microbiome. Mouthwash samples collected originally for analysis of human DNA are also a resource suitable for human microbiome research.
Towards provision of knowledge-intensive products and services over the Web

The overall objective of the INKASS ("Intelligent Knowledge Asset Sharing and Trading") project is to develop an intelligent Internet-based marketplace of knowledge assets. At the core of our technological approach stands a case-based reasoning approach for ascertaining knowledge assets for relevant user contexts and a comprehensive metadata description of information objects which represent tradeable knowledge products. The research approach and the e-marketplace developed for a management consultancy is discussed in its first version in this paper
RGB-Infrared Cross-Modality Person Re-identification

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is an important problem in video surveillance, aiming to match pedestrian images across camera views. Currently, most works focus on RGB-based Re-ID. However, in some applications, RGB images are not suitable, e.g. in a dark environment or at night. Infrared (IR) imaging becomes necessary in many visual systems. To that end, matching RGB images with infrared images is required, which are heterogeneous with very different visual characteristics. For person Re-ID, this is a very challenging cross-modality problem that has not been studied so far. In this work, we address the RGB-IR cross-modality Re-ID problem and contribute a new multiple modality Re-ID dataset named SYSU-MM01, including RGB and IR images of 491 identities from 6 cameras, giving in total 287,628 RGB images and 15,792 IR images. To explore the RGB-IR Re-ID problem, we evaluate existing popular cross-domain models, including three commonly used neural network structures (one-stream, two-stream and asymmetric FC layer) and analyse the relation between them. We further propose deep zero-padding for training one-stream network towards automatically evolving domain-specific nodes in the network for cross-modality matching. Our experiments show that RGB-IR cross-modality matching is very challenging but still feasible using the proposed model with deep zero-padding, giving the best performance. Our dataset is available at http:// isee.sysu. edu.cn/project/RGBIRReID.htm.
Classifying Lupus Nephritis: An Ongoing Story

The role of the renal biopsy in lupus nephritis is to provide the diagnosis and to define the parameters of prognostic and therapeutic significance for an effective clinicopathological correlation. Various classification schemas initiated by World Health Organization in 1974 have been proposed until the most recent update by International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society in 2004. In this paper, we reviewed the new classification system with the associated literature to highlight the benefits and the weak points that emerged so far. The great advantage of the classification emerged to provide a uniform reporting for lupus nephritis all over the world. It has provided more reproducible results from different centers. However, the studies indicated that the presence of glomerular necrotizing lesion was no longer significant to determine the classes of lupus nephritis leading to loss of pathogenetic diversity of the classes. Another weakness of the classification that also emerged in time was the lack of discussions related to the prognostic significance of tubulointerstitial involvement which was not included in the classification. Therefore, the pathogenetic diversity of the classification still needs to be clarified by additional studies, and it needs to be improved by the inclusion of the tubulointerstitial lesions related to prognosis.
Microfluidic device for single-cell analysis and gradient generation

Cellular behavior has been investigated by utilizing macroscale methods that measure average values over a population of cells. The present study focused on the development of a microfluidic device for single-cell analysis and gradient-generation. A hybrid PDMS/glass microfluidic device was fabricated using the Soft Lithography process. The master mold was fabricated using a new technique of Rapid Prototyping in which the master mold is directly fabricated by double exposure on a Direct Laser machine (DWL) without the need of any photomask. Approaches to localize the same cell over long periods were improved as well as a new methodology that force cells to enter the microchannels. The conceived microfluidic platform was applied to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells carrying out two fluorescent proteins, one of them fused with αSyn, a protein related to Parkinson’s Disease. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the device to establish a suitable environment for cell growth and protein expression as well as the capacity to visualize individual cells. This work also demonstrates an approach to generate chemical gradients by using microchannels featured alongside two main reservoirs. The creation of a stable gradient inside the channels using the fluorophore FITC was achieved for 2-3 hours despite being different from the theoretically expected.
Modified voltage oriented control resistant to grid voltage disturbances

Operation of grid connected Voltage Source Converter have to cope with the standards related to preserve of the symmetrical and sinusoidal current with unity power factor even during distorted grid voltage. Hence quality and reliability requirements are challenging because of unpredictable grid conditions such as: variable impedance, interrupts or sudden load changes. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a current control technique which meets quality requirements, simultaneously providing stable operation under adverse affect of many unfavorable factors coming from grid and power converter construction. Also under distorted grid voltage conditions is difficult to obtain accurately synchronized reference current signal. This paper proposes simple strategy, which provide good performance of Voltage Oriented Control current control technique under strongly distorted grid voltage with robust grid voltage synchronization scheme. The proposed idea involves processed grid voltage and filter capacitor voltage used as feedforward signal. Synchronization scheme is a combination of Synchronous Reference Frame — Phase Locked Loop (SRF-PLL) with Second Order Generalized Integrator — Frequency Locked Loop (SOGI-FLL). Obtained results are explained on theoretical analysis and simulation model.
Eigenvalue Decay Implies Polynomial-Time Learnability for Neural Networks

We consider the problem of learning function classes computed by neural networks with various activations (e.g. ReLU or Sigmoid), a task believed to be computationally intractable in the worst-case. A major open problem is to understand the minimal assumptions under which these classes admit provably efficient algorithms. In this work we show that a natural distributional assumption corresponding to {\em eigenvalue decay} of the Gram matrix yields polynomial-time algorithms in the non-realizable setting for expressive classes of networks (e.g. feed-forward networks of ReLUs). We make no assumptions on the structure of the network or the labels. Given sufficiently-strong polynomial eigenvalue decay, we obtain {\em fully}-polynomial time algorithms in {\em all} the relevant parameters with respect to square-loss. Milder decay assumptions also lead to improved algorithms. This is the first purely distributional assumption that leads to polynomial-time algorithms for networks of ReLUs, even with one hidden layer. Further, unlike prior distributional assumptions (e.g., the marginal distribution is Gaussian), eigenvalue decay has been observed in practice on common data sets.
pH-responsive polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic copolymer modified with lipid used as doxorubicin delivery carriers

In the present study, a novel pH-responsive amphiphilic copolymer, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] conjugated poly(β-amino esters) (DSPE-b-PEG-b-PAE-b-PEG-b-DSPE), was designed and successfully synthesized via Michael-type step polymerization. The chemical structure of the pentablock copolymer was confirmed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The copolymer was able to self-assemble into core/shell polymeric micelles in aqueous solution at low concentrations, and its critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was 4.5 mg l−1 determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The pKb value of the copolymer was about 6.5, confirmed by acid–base titration, indicating the pH-sensitivity of the polymeric micelle. The hydrodynamic diameter, distribution and zeta potential of the polymeric micelles at different pH conditions were monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into the core of the micelles with a high drug loading content (15.9%) and entrapment efficacy (60.4%). In vitro experiments demonstrated that the release behaviour of DOX from the DOX-loaded polymeric micelles (DOX-PMs) was pH-triggered. When the pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.0, the drug release rate was markedly accelerated. MTT assay showed that the copolymer had negligible cytotoxicity whereas the DOX-PMs displayed high toxicity for tumour cells such as B16F10, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. The results demonstrated that these pH-sensitive polymeric micelles could be used as potential anti-cancer drug carriers for cancer chemotherapy with controlled release.
Calcium Phosphate-Chitosan and its Derivatives Biocomposities for Hard Tissue Regeneration Short Review

This short review shows the present status of research & development in chitosan/calcium phosphate composites studies. It is a promising biomaterial to face new problems and challenges in the field of materials science, biology and medicine, related with musculoskeletal tissue, bone and cartilage are under extensive investigation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research. A large number of people who needs medical devices rising every year and is related with many factor such bone fractures, defects or diseases in addition to other various problems which need to be cured make the scientist research and develop a great number of biodegradable and bioresorbable biocomposites. New developments in this interdisciplinary field related with new materials, methods possibly will increase in the near future the feasibility to design a new generation of biocomposites tailored for specific patients and disease states.
Application of alignment-free bioinformatics methods to identify an oomycete protein with structural and functional similarity to the bacterial AvrE effector protein

Diverse plant pathogens export effector proteins to reprogram host cells. One of the most challenging goals in the molecular plant-microbe field is to functionally characterize the complex repertoires of effectors secreted by these pathogens. For bacterial pathogens, the predominant class of effectors is delivered to host cells by Type III secretion. For oomycetes, the predominant class of effectors is defined by a signal peptide that mediates secretion from the oomycete and a conserved RxLR motif. Downy mildew pathogens and Phytophthora species maintain hundreds of candidate RxLR effector genes in their genomes. Although no primary sequence similarity is evident between bacterial Type III effectors (T3Es) and oomycete RXLR effectors, some bacterial and oomycete effectors have convergently evolved to target the same host proteins. Such effectors might have evolved domains that are functionally similar but sequence-unrelated. We reasoned that alignment-free bioinformatics approaches could be useful to identify structural similarities between bacterial and oomycete effectors. To test this approach, we used partial least squares regression, alignment-free bioinformatics methods to identify effector proteins from the genome of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis that are similar to the well-studied AvrE1 effector from Pseudomonas syringae. This approach identified five RxLR proteins with putative structural similarity to AvrE1. We focused on one, HaRxL23, because it is an experimentally validated effector and it is conserved between distantly related oomycetes. Several experiments indicate that HaRxL23 is functionally similar to AvrE1, including the ability to partially rescue an AvrE1 loss-of-function mutant. This study provides an example of how an alignment-free bioinformatics approach can identify functionally similar effector proteins in the absence of primary sequence similarity. This approach could be useful to identify effectors that have convergently evolved regardless of whether the shared host target is known.