Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Content Marketing on Decision Making of Graduate School of Business Administration in Thailand

This study was an investigation of undergraduate student use content marketing to decision to study in the graduate school of business administration in Chonburi, Thailand. The graduate education prepares students for research in professional program.In2019, there is a lot of connection among people through the use of information and can leverage social media marketing to enhance their programs. The performance of the workplace offers the persons who graduate in graduate education level. The educators need content marketing to decision making to study in graduate school of business administration in Thailand. This study was qualitative research by In-depth interview of 30 bachelor degreeâ€™s people which three people from each district in Chonburi, Thailand. The research has significant in the websiteâ€™s content, and facebookâ€™s content of graduate school of business administration. The factors influence to apply to study in master and doctoral degree were the graduation programs, cost of attendance, graduation degree, location of the campus, university reputation, alumni, and current students opinion to graduate school.
Expression and purification of neurotoxin-associated protein HA-33/A from Clostridium botulinum and evaluation of its antigenicity.

BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) complexes consist of neurotoxin and neurotoxin-associated proteins. Hemagglutinin-33 (HA-33) is a member of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) complex. Considering the protective role of HA-33 in preservation of BoNT/A in gastrointestinal harsh conditions and also its adjuvant role, recombinant production of this protein is favorable. Thus in this study, HA-33 was expressed and purified, and subsequently its antigenicity in mice was studied. METHODS Initially, ha-33 gene sequence of Clostridium botulinum serotype A was adopted from GenBank. The gene sequence was optimized and synthesized in pET28a (+) vector. E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain was transformed by the recombinant vector and the expression of HA-33 was optimized at 37°C and 5 h induction time. RESULTS The recombinant protein was purified by nickel nitrilotriacetic acid agarose affinity chromatography and confirmed by immunoblotting. Enzyme Linked Immunoassay showed a high titer antibody production in mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated a highly expressed and purified recombinant protein, which is able to evoke high antibody titers in mice.
Effectiveness of Physical Therapy and Epidural Steroid Injections in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Study Design. Randomized single-blind controlled trial. Objective. We aimed to compare the effects of epidural steroid injections and physical therapy program on pain and function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Summary of Background Data. LSS is one of the most common degenerative spinal disorders among elderly population. Initial treatment of this disabling painful condition is usually conservative including analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise, physical therapy, or epidural steroid injections. Owing to lack of sufficient data concerning the effectiveness of conservative treatment in LSS, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of epidural steroid injections and physical therapy program in a randomized controlled manner. Methods. A total of 29 patients diagnosed as LSS were randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) received an inpatient physical therapy program for 2 weeks, group 2 (n = 10) received epidural steroid injections, and group 3 (n = 9) served as the controls. All study patients additionally received diclofenac and a home-based exercise program. The patients were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment by finger floor distance, treadmill walk test, sit-to-stand test, weight carrying test, Roland Morris Disability Index, and Nottingham Health Profile. Results. Both epidural steroid and physical therapy groups have demonstrated significant improvement in pain and functional parameters and no significant difference was noted between the 2 treatment groups. Significant improvements were also noted in the control group. Pain and functional assessment scores (RMDI, NHP physical activity subscore) were significantly more improved in group 2 compared with controls at the second week. Conclusion. Epidural steroid injections and physical therapy both seem to be effective in LSS patients up to 6 months of follow-up.
Land conflict in palm oil land procurement in Indonesia: features, issues and approaches

Malaysia currently accounts for 39% of world palm oil production and 44% of world exports. Being one of the biggest producers of palm oil, Malaysia has an important role to play in fulfilling the global demand for palm oil. With the growing global demand for palm oil, Malaysian Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have embarked on the expansion of palm oil plantations by venturing into cross border palm oil plantation ventures including Indonesia. Nonetheless the cross border venture may not an easy project, as the MNEs have encountered unprecedented challenges. Currently, land conflict in palm oil land procurement in Indonesia is one of the main hindrances for Malaysian MNEs implementing investment in Indonesia. This issue if not resolved can lead to the failure of the MNEsâ€™ investment and may affect the FDI flows into Indonesia. The main objective of this paper is to explain the issue of land conflicts in palm oil land procurement faced by the Malaysian MNEs in Indonesia. This paper will reveal the approaches that have been taken to address the problems. Qualitative social and legal research methodologies were used in this research. From this, certain information can be generated to show the severity of the problems arising from land conflict in palm oil land procurement in Indonesia and the approaches that have been taken by the stakeholders to deal with the problems. The findings of the research will significantly enhance the performance of the Malaysian MNEs in its internationalization of palm oil plantation ventures.
Individual patient‐ versus group‐level data meta‐regressions for the investigation of treatment effect modifiers: ecological bias rears its ugly head

When performing a meta‐analysis, interest often centres on finding explanations for heterogeneity in the data, rather than on producing a single summary estimate. Such exploratory analyses are frequently undertaken with published, study‐level data, using techniques of meta‐analytic regression. Our goal was to explore a real‐world example for which both published, group‐level and individual patient‐level data were available, and to compare the substantive conclusions reached by both methods. We studied the benefits of anti‐lymphocyte antibody induction therapy among renal transplant patients in five randomized trials, focusing on whether there are subgroups of patients in whom therapy might prove particularly beneficial. Allograft failure within 5 years was the endpoint studied. We used a variety of analytic approaches to the group‐level data, including weighted least‐squares regression (N=5 studies), logistic regression (N=628, the total number of subjects), and a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We fit logistic regression models to the patient‐level data. In the patient‐level analysis, we found that treatment was significantly more effective among patients with elevated (20 per cent or more) panel reactive antibodies (PRA) than among patients without elevated PRA. These patients comprise a small (about 15 per cent of patients) subgroup of patients that benefited from therapy. The group‐level analyses failed to detect this interaction. We recommend using individual patient data, when feasible, to study patient characteristics, in order to avoid the potential for ecological bias introduced by group‐level analyses. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase on Multiterritory Perforator Flap Survival in Rats

Abstract Background Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in vasodilation, angiogenesis, and ischemia–reperfusion injury. We investigated the effects of iNOS on the survival and choke vessels of multiterritory perforator flaps in rats. Methods In this study, 84 rats were divided into two groups of 42 rats each and subjected to multiterritory perforator flap operations. Rats in group A received daily intraperitoneal doses of 100 mg per kg of aminoguanidine (AG) and rats in group B received daily intraperitoneal injections of the same volume of saline solution. On postoperative day 7, the surviving flap area was calculated as a percentage of the total flap dimensions using DP2-BSW software. The diameter and density of microvessels in the second choke zone of the flap were calculated from histology studies. The nitric oxide (NO) content was measured using NO concentration assay kits, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and iNOS were assessed using western blotting. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured using test kits. Laser Doppler imaging was used to evaluate flap perfusion in the second choke zone for 7 days after surgery. Results The flap survival area, diameter and density of microvessels, iNOS and VEGF levels, NO content, blood perfusion, and MDA content were significantly higher in the control group compared with the AG group, whereas SOD activity was significantly lower in the control group. Conclusions iNOS has a beneficial effect on the survival of multiterritory perforator flaps.
Bradyrhizobium subterraneum sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of groundnuts.

Seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the Kavango region, Namibia, were previously characterized and identified as a novel group within the genus Bradyrhizobium. To corroborate their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. All strains possessed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences with Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense CCBAU 10071T being the most closely related type strain in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, and Bradyrhizobium daqingense CCBAU 15774T in the ITS sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated glnII-recA-rpoB-dnaK placed the strains in a highly supported lineage distinct from named species of the genus Bradyrhizobium, most closely related to Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense CCBAU 10071T. The species status was validated by results of DNA–DNA hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis of nifH genes placed the novel strains in a group with nifH of ‘Bradyrhizobium arachidis’ CCBAU 051107 that also nodulates peanuts. The combination of phenotypic characteristics from several tests including carbon source utilization and antibiotic resistance could be used to differentiate representative strains from recognized species of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Novel strain 58 2-1T induced effective nodules on V. subterranea, Vigna unguiculata and A. hypogaea, and some strains on Lablab purpureus. Based on the data presented, we conclude that our strains represent a novel species for which the name Bradyrhizobium subterraneum sp. nov. is proposed, with 58 2-1T [ = DSM 100298T = LMG 28792T = NTCCM0016T (Windhoek)] as the type strain. The DNA G+C content of strain 58 2-1T was 64.7 mol% (T m).
A novel image restoration method assisted by reference image in dual-energy CT

Because of its remarkable material discrimination ability, dual-energy CT (DECT) becomes more and more important in security inspection, medical diagnosis and other industrial areas. Four images can be reconstructed in one dual-energy scan, and the effective atomic number image suffers from decomposition imprecision, system noise and the look-up table errors, so its quality is always poorer than the attenuation images. But the four images should have the same structures. In this paper, we propose a novel image restoration method that uses the attenuation image as reference image to improve the quality of the atomic number image. The structure information/weighting is obtained using the bilateral filtering method in the attenuation image and then we restore the atomic number image. Using the method, the image quality of the effective atomic number is improved prominently and the artifacts can be suppressed obviously. Two experiments were conducted to prove that the method is effective in DECT image processing.
Bromidotetrakis(2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3)copper(II) bromide

The CuII ion in the title molecular salt, [CuBr(C5H8N2)4]Br, is coordinated in a square-pyramidal geometry by four N atoms of imidazole ligands and one bromide anion in the apical position. In the crystal, the ions are linked by N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds involving both the coordinating and the free bromide species as acceptors. A C—H⋯Br interaction is also observed. Overall, a three-dimensional network results.
The effect of neosurugatoxin on the release of neurohypophysial hormones by nicotine, hypotension and an osmotic stimulus in the rat

1 Experiments were carried out to test whether neosurugatoxin (NSTX) which blocks autonomic ganglia also acts centrally, like hexamethonium, on nicotinic cholinoceptors involved in the neural control of release of vasopressin and oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. 2 In the water‐loaded rat under ethanol anaesthesia, nicotine 100 μg i.v. produced a pressor and an antidiuretic response accompanied by an increase in the urinary excretion of vasopressin and of oxytocin‐like radioimmunoreactivity (OLRI). This indicates release of both vasopressin and oxytocin. 3 Under conditions in which tachyphylaxis was avoided, NSTX, 80 ng i.c. v. , caused a prolonged inhibition of the release of both hormones by nicotine. 4 NSTX i.c. v. caused some reduction in the pressor response to nicotine. It is suggested that this response involves both central and peripheral stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and that the central component is blocked by neosurugatoxin. 5 Muscarine, 40 ng i.c. v. , produced a pressor and an antidiuretic response with increased urinary excretion of vasopressin and OLRI. All these effects were blocked by atropine but were not inhibited by NSTX. 6 Sodium nitroprusside (SN), 200 μg i.v. , and hypertonic saline (HS; 1.54 m NaCl solution) 4 μl i.c. v. , both produced antidiuretic responses accompanied by increased urinary excretion of vasopressin and OLRI. The ratio of the excretion of vasopressin to that of OLRI was 5.1 ± 1.3 (mean ± s.e.: n = 8) for SN and 1.2 ± 0.24 (mean ± s.e.: n = 6) for HS. NSTX 80 ng i.c. v. , caused a significant reduction in the antidiuretic response to the hypotension induced with SN: the increased urinary excretion of vasopressin was also significantly reduced but not that of OLRI. NSTX had no effect on the response to HS. 7 We conclude that NSTX acts centrally on nicotinic cholinoceptors to block the release of vasopressin and oxytocin by nicotine and the release of vasopressin, but not that of oxytocin, by hypotension. It does not inhibit the release of either hormone by a central osmotic stimulus.
What mechanisms drive cell migration and cell interactions in Pleurodeles?

Embryogenesis implies a strict control of cell interaction and cell migration. The spatial and temporal regulation of morphogenetic movements occurring during gastrulation is directly dependent on the early cell interactions that take place in the blastula. The newt Pleurodeles waltl is a favorable model for the study of these early morphogenetic events. The combination of orthotopic grafting and fluorescent lineage tracers has led to precise early gastrula mesoderm fate maps. It is now clear that there are no sharp boundaries between germ layers at the onset of gastrulation but rather diffuse transition zones. The coordination of cell movements during gastrulation is closely related to the establishment of dorsoventral polarity. Ventralization by U.V. irradiation or dorsalization by lithium treatment modifies the capacity for autonomous migration on the fibronectin coated substratum of marginal zone cells accordingly. It is now firmly established that mesodermal cells need to adhere to a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) to undergo migration during gastrulation. Extracellular fibrils contain laminin and fibronectin (FN). Interaction of cells with ECM involves receptors of the beta 1 integrin family. A Pleurodeles homolog of the alpha v integrin subunit has been recently identified. Protein alpha v expression is restricted to the surface of mesodermal cells during gastrulation. Integrin-mediated interactions of cells with FN are essential for ECM assembly and mesodermal cell migration. Intracellular injection of antibodies to the cytoplasmic domain of beta 1 into early cleavage embryos causes inhibition of FN fibril formation. Intrablastocoelic injections of several probes including antibodies to FN or integrin alpha 5 beta 1, competitive peptides to the major cell binding site of FN or the antiadhesive protein tenascin all block mesodermal cell migration. This results in a complete arrest of gastrulation indicating that mesodermal cell migration is a major driving force in urodele gastrulation. It is now possible to approach the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) during cell interactions taking place in urodele embryos. Four different FGF receptors (FGFR) have been cloned in Pleurodeles. Each of them has a unique mRNA expression pattern. FGFR-1, FGFR-3, and the variant of FGFR-2 containing the IIIb exon are maternally expressed and might be involved in mesodermal induction. During gastrulation, FGFR-3 and FGFR-4 have a restricted pattern of expression, whereas FGFR-1 mRNA is nearly uniformly distributed. Splicing variants FGFR-2IIIb and FGFR-2IIIc have exclusive expression patterns during neurulation. IIIb is expressed in epidermis and IIIc in neural tissue, suggesting a function in the differentiation of ectodermal derivatives.
How bridges and pedestrian subways can be more than means for transportation A study on how to raise social aspects in planning processes

The strive for building sustainable denser cities requires a knowledge for what sustainability is and how to apply it to our planning processes to achieve a sustainable built environment. Areas around and under bridges and in pedestrian subways can be utilised for creating social values and thus adding additional values rather than being structures for transportation means. This report seeks to find why social aspects should be raised in such environments, exemplify what social sustainability could be and finally how to raise social aspects in parity to ecological, economic and technical aspects. The discussion is based on previous research about social sustainability within urban planning and infrastructure and on interviews. Findings suggests that social sustainability is fundamental in built environment. Simply because there is a need to create attractive, usable, safe places where can interact with other, learn or perform activities. Further, adapting a new way of working, collaborating across disciplines and organisational boundaries is essential. In this report, social sustainability is regarded as a perspective that needs to characterise the other elements and there are different tools and methods for raising social aspects in planning processes.
Information appliances

evolving area of information appliances proved more difficult than we imagined for two primary reasons: the field is moving quickly, and there is much commercial activity. The first makes it difficult to determine the approaches and applications likely to be successful. The second makes it difficult to recruit authors who are actually willing and able to discuss their work. Until a few years ago, the term “information appliance” didn’t even exist. Certainly many, if not all, of our appliances and consumer electronics contained computing devices. However, we didn’t view them as information appliances because they didn’t have much information in them. What they had was the ability to play a CD, follow instructions we tapped out on some buttons, or allow us to place a phone call. All this changed when the World Wide Web came on the scene. Now, information can flow around the world using standard protocols and be rendered on a variety of devices from desktop machines to
High Q-factor Bragg-reflection sapphire-loaded cavity TE/sub 01/spl delta// mode resonators

An innovative method of enhancing the quality factor of TE/sub 01/spl delta// cavity resonators with a dielectric tube made of monolithic sapphire is presented. Very high Q-factor is achieved by employing a Bragg reflection technique. A TE/sub 01/spl delta// mode in a copper cavity was measured to have a Q-factor of 1/spl times/10/sup 5/ at 8.78 GHz and 290 K. This is only 30% less than the limit due to the loss tangent of the dielectric material. The technique confines electromagnetic energy in the sapphire dielectric and in the vacuum well away from the cavity walls, thus reducing the surface losses in the copper shield. The technique offers some significant advantages over other methods. One advantage is the very low spurious mode density, which can improve filter and resonator design capabilities. Another is the small compact design, with a single sapphire piece, as compared to previously published Bragg reflection techniques. Finite element simulations and experimental data for this method were compared and found to be in very good agreement. The cavity dimensions were optimized to achieve maximum quality factor.
Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Many recent studies on invertebrates have shown how morphology not always captures the true diversity of taxa, with cryptic speciation often being discussed in this context. Here, we show how diversification patterns can be very different in two clades of closely related earthworms in the genus Hormogaster stressing the risk of using nonspecific substitution rate values across taxa. On the one hand, the Hormogaster elisae species complex, endemic to the central Iberian Peninsula, shows morphological stasis. On the other hand, a clade of Hormogaster from the NE Iberian Peninsula shows an enormous morphological variability, with 15 described morphospecies. The H. elisae complex, however, evolves faster genetically, and this could be explained by the harsher environmental conditions to which it is confined—as detected in this study, that is, sandier and slightly poorer soils with lower pH values than those of the other species in the family. These extreme conditions could be at the same time limiting morphological evolution and thus be responsible for the observed morphological stasis in this clade. Contrarily, Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula, although still inhabiting harsher milieu than other earthworm groups, have had the opportunity to evolve into a greater morphological disparity. An attempt to delimit species within this group following the recently proposed general mixed Yule‐coalescent method showed a higher number of entities than expected under the morphospecies concept, most probably due to the low vagility of these animals, which considerably limits gene flow between distant conspecific populations, but also because of the decoupling between morphological and genetic evolution in the H. elisae complex.