Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging signal and major splice donor region have a conserved stable secondary structure

Interaction of cis-acting RNA sequences with nucleocapsid proteins is one of the critical events leading to retroviral genomic RNA packaging. We have derived a potentially stable secondary structure for the packaging signal region of human immunodeficiency virus strain IIIB, using a combination of biochemical analysis and computer modelling. This region encompasses the major splice donor (SD), which is found in a highly structured conserved stem-loop. Comparison with other published human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequences shows almost absolute nucleotide conservation in base-paired regions required to maintain this structure. Presently and previously described packaging-defective mutants would disrupt the structure. The structure depends on base pairing between nucleotide sequences 5' of the major SD which are common to both genomic and subgenomic RNAs and sequences 3' of SD which are unique to the unspliced RNA. This may explain how in retroviruses such as Rous sarcoma virus, mutations in regions common to genomic and subgenomic RNA might prevent packaging of the unspliced mRNA by disrupting a signal structure which can exist only in the genomic RNA species.
Differentiating quality improvement from research.

Monitoring of quality of care has always been an important part of health care. Self-regulation and external standards require care providers to furnish safe environments for the patient. Similarities in methods used by quality improvement (QI) projects and clinical research have created some confusion in differentiating the two practices. This article reviews the current literature and differences between QI and research. In addition, the article identifies and discusses four criteria: intervention, risk, audience, and data source, which allow investigators to differentiate between the two practices and follow the appropriate procedures for project review.
An Interpersonal Communication Aspect: The Power of Moods in Interpreting Nonverbal Message

The social perception and cognitive functions are two key factors in determining social behavior by evaluating social cues and the emotional responses of others. Emotions play a fundamental role in human cognition and researches on emotional communication mainly focus on facial expressions. Previous researches show agreement on a universal set of emotions which are associated with specific facial displays. Present research is conducted in line with discrete emotion theory postulating that "affect programs for basic emotions produce prototypical response configurations that include emotion-specific patterns of facial expressions" (Scherer, Ellgring, 2007:113) in order to interpret the interpersonal communication process which is the issue in every part of life especially in professional stage. The current study aims to examine the effect of moods on the perception of facial images in the scope of the Affect Program Theory of Facial Displays (APT) proposed by Ekman (1997). The process is interpreted from the categorical perspective of the perception of facial images. In order to determine the short-term mood of the participants, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is administered and the facial expression images from the Pictures of Facial Affect (PFA) database (Ekman and Friesen, 2003) are used to measure the perception of facial images. The studied population of this preliminary study included 112 social sciences students. The results revealed a rather small negative effect of negative affectivity on affect perception throughtout facial pictures.
Human herpesvirus‐6 infection: A prospective study evaluating HHV‐6 DNA levels in liver from children with acute liver failure

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the role of HHV‐6 infection in children with acute onset of liver failure using real‐time quantitative PCR. Twenty‐three children (median age, 24 months) were included: 6 cases of fulminant hepatic failure of undetermined cause (group 1); 4 cases of fulminant hepatic failure of recognized cause (group 2); 3 cases of acute decompensation of chronic liver disease (group 3); and 10 cases of chronic liver disease (group 4). HHV‐6 genomic DNA was detected and quantified using real‐time PCR in plasma and livers obtained at the time of transplantation. HHV6‐DNA detection rate was significantly higher among groups 1, 2, and 3 compared to group 4 (76.9% vs. 20% P = 0.02). Viral loads ranged from 6 to 32,500 copies/106 cells. Significantly higher viral loads were found in 4 of 9 children with acute onset of liver failure of unknown origin (group 1, n = 3; group 3, n = 1) and 1 child with fulminant autoimmune hepatitis (group 2) (P = 0.03). These results strongly support the hypothesis that HHV‐6 may cause fulminant hepatic failure and acute decompensation of chronic liver disease in children. Nevertheless, a threshold viral load value still remains to be determined. J. Med. Virol. 80:1051–1057, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A conceptual paper on perceived structural constraints of elephant conservation centre

A conceptual framework is proposed to examine perceived structural constraints of elephant conservation centre and its' effects on participation in visiting activity. A brief discussion on elephant conservation effort is discussed in the earlier part of this paper. The paper then examines some attributes to perceive structural constraints with some effects are examined for participation and overall satisfaction. This paper does not only assist in identifying reasons for not engaging in visiting an animal conservation but also gaining some ideas to overcome the constraints.
The Role of Shared Values in Understanding Loyalty over Time

Tourism’s unique features limit the consumer behavior literature’s ability to explain consumer loyalty. More precisely, existing consumer loyalty models do not consider social and cultural dimensions highlighted by tourism literature. Using new institutional theory, this article proposes a new perspective to explain loyalty. This study of musical festival patrons and managers combines cognitive mapping and questionnaires. Findings demonstrate that shared values between managers and festival-goers influence the latter’s loyalty. More precisely, shared values impact attitudinal loyalty and word-of-mouth, but they do not affect behavioral loyalty. Results also show that festival-goer loyalty decreases more slowly over time when a high level of shared values exist. Beyond music festivals, this study highlights a more sociological approach to explain loyalty over time in tourism.
TypEr: a type annotator of Erlang code

We describe and document the techniques used in TOOL, a fully automatic type annotator for Erlang programs based on constraint-based type inference of success typings (a notion closely related to principal typings). The inferred typings are fine-grained and the type system currently includes subtyping and subtype polymorphism but not parametric polymorphism. In particular, we describe and illustrate through examples a type inference algorithm tailored to Erlang's characteristics which is modular, reasonably fast, and appears to scale well in practice.
An improved background subtraction method based on region growing

In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method for human detection based on region growing to improve background subtraction. In some complex scenes, a person will be detected more than one contour region in such cases as that the colors of person clothes are close to the background color so that the original background subtraction cannot obtain good performance. We use region growing method to cluster the foreground regions which obtained in the scene. After clustering, for each class, it is a person in the image if the sum area of contours exceeds a threshold. Experimental results show that the performance of this method is much better than the original background subtraction and it can detect people very fast.
DoubleFlip: a motion gesture delimiter for mobile interaction

To make motion gestures more widely adopted on mobile devices it is important that devices be able to distinguish between motion intended for mobile interaction and every-day motion. In this paper, we present DoubleFlip, a unique motion gesture designed as an input delimiter for mobile motion-based interaction. The DoubleFlip gesture is distinct from regular motion of a mobile device. Based on a collection of 2,100 hours of motion data captured from 99 users, we found that our DoubleFlip recognizer is extremely resistant to false positive conditions, while still achieving a high recognition rate. Since DoubleFlip is easy to perform and unlikely to be accidentally invoked, it provides an always-active input event for mobile interaction.
High-stakes, Real-world Deception: an Examination of the Process of Deception and Deception Detection Using Linguistic-based Cues

Dean of the Graduate College iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend sincere thanks to Dr. Rick Wilson, my committee chair, for his support and guidance throughout my years at OSU. I also extend my gratitude to Dr. David Biros for his guidance and for introducing me to deception research. Sincere thanks are also extended to Dr. Dursun Delen and Dr. Carol Johnson, members of my doctoral committee, for their suggestions. I wish to thank Dr. Judee Burgoon for her input during the early stages of this study. I also wish to express my appreciation to the other MSIS faculty, who have supported me in a variety of ways over the last five years. To my peers in the MSIS doctoral program, I appreciate your support and wish you every success as you complete this process. I could not have completed this work without the support of my friends and family. My mother, Carolyn Fuller, was my biggest champion throughout this process.
Energy balance and facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet.

The present study was aimed at studying energy balance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Albino mice were divided into three groups. One group had free access to the stock diet, whereas the two other groups consumed a high-fat diet. One of the high-fat fed groups was fed ad libitum, whereas the other was offered a restricted amount of the same diet so that its energy intake was comparable to the group of mice given the stock diet. Energy balance measurements, which included indirect calorimetry and carcass analysis, were performed. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties were also investigated. The results show that gains in both body weight and fat were higher in mice that had free access to high-fat diet than in mice fed the stock diet. In animals given a restricted amount of the high-fat diet, fat gain increased, whereas protein gain was reduced in comparison with animals fed the stock diet. Unrestricted access to the high-fat diet led to an increase in both energy intake and energy gain. As revealed by both slaughter and indirect calorimetry techniques energy expenditure was, in high-fat fed mice, 40% higher than in animals fed either stock or a restricted amount of high-fat diet. Nadolol was shown to suppress a large part of the elevated metabolic rate seen in mice fed an unrestricted high-fat diet. In those mice, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was also increased. In summary, the present results confirm that adaptive diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) develops in mice made hyperphagic by an energy-dense palatable diet. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplemental Data MicroRNA Processing Pathway Regulates Olfactory Neuron Morphogenesis

Fly Stocks and Phenotypic Analysis The insertions LL03660 (in pasha), LL06357 (in Dicer-1) and LL06590 (in aubergine) originate from a piggyBac screen [1]. Information for all other mutant alleles used can be found in Flybase (http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu). Mosaic analyses with MARCM were performed as previously described using Gal4GH146 and -Mz19 [2]. UAS-Dicer-1 and UAS-Dicer-2 transgene insertions on the 3 chromosome and 2 chromosome, respectively, were used for rescue and other experiments [3].
Performance Comparison and Analysis of Three Gateway Discovery Protocols of Internet Connectivity for Ad Hoc Networks

Several gateway discovery approaches have been proposed to efficiently interconnect Mobile Ad hoc Networks(MANET) to Internet,but there is still no clear evidence about which alternative is best suited for specified application scenario.After reviewing the characteristics of existing proactive,reactive,hybrid and adaptive gateway discovery approaches,this paper has conducted a simulation-based study to compare the performance of these approaches in various scenarios.Simulation results show that depending on the scenario,every solution has its strong and weak points.However,hybrid and adaptive scheme is the best way to achieve an optimal mix of the advantages of the proactive and reactive approaches.On most scenarios,they achieve high connectivity while keeping overhead costs low.
Beardedness as a Factor in Perceived Masculinity

Male and female students (N = 114) in introductory psychology rated pictures of bearded and nonbearded men on characteristics associated with masculinity. Bearded men were rated significantly higher on masculinity, aggressiveness, dominance, and strength. The results are discussed in light of apparently contradictory evidence which suggests that bearded men are seen as less desirable than nonbearded men.
Studying activity in manual work: a framework for analysis and training

Cet article presente une methode d’etude des savoir-faire incorpores dans les activites de travail manuel, a des fins de transmission pedagogique en situation de formation professionnelle. Cette methode s’adresse donc a une categorie specifique d’activite humaine, celle des gestes professionnels. Son developpement est le fruit d’une recherche empirique menee au sein d’un grand groupe energetique francais, pour sa branche formation, afin de repondre au double besoin genere par le contexte organisationnel de renouvellement intergenerationnel ; a savoir, capitaliser les connaissances rares et critiques des experts, et etre en capacite de les transmettre aux nouveaux arrivants par le biais de solutions de formation numeriques innovantes. Le cadre d’analyse se veut avant tout centre sur la perspective de l’expert. Il propose une chaine operationnelle assurant le recueil, l’analyse, la formalisation et la transmission effective du savoir-faire tacite et/ou explicite sous-jacent a la realisation d’un geste professionnel. S’appuyant sur les recents developpements de l’ethnographie numerique subjective, le protocole de recueil imbrique des observations video situees de l’activite, en premiere et troisieme personne, avec plusieurs protocoles de verbalisations, dont un simultane a la realisation du geste et oriente-but. La mise en lien des donnees « objectives » (observations video) et « subjectives » (ce que l’expert pense et dit) est assuree sur la base : des cadres d’analyse proposes par les theories de l’activite, afin de structurer l’activite ; et d’une approche dite de « qualite percue ». Cette derniere vise a degager les dimensions naturelles issues de la perception des affordances du contexte par les participants dont on etudie l’activite. L’application de cette methode globale permet a l’analyste de construire un modele cognitif du geste a transmettre. Ce dernier, assorti du materiel video et verbal recueilli, sert de structure de base a la realisation d’un support didactique vehiculant l’experience reelle de l’expert.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Mutual Amplification between Netrin-1 and the Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an oncogenic virus associated with the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study investigated the possible link between HCV infection and Netrin-1, a ligand for dependence receptors that sustains tumorigenesis, in particular in inflammation-associated tumors. We show that Netrin-1 expression is significantly elevated in HCV+ liver biopsies compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV+) and uninfected samples. Furthermore, Netrin-1 was upregulated in all histological stages of HCV+ hepatic lesions, from minimal liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and HCC, compared to histologically matched HCV- tissues. Both cirrhosis and HCV contributed to the induction of Netrin-1 expression, whereas anti-HCV treatment resulted in a reduction of Netrin-1 expression. In vitro, HCV increased the level and translation of Netrin-1 in a NS5A-La-related protein 1 (LARP1)-dependent fashion. Knockdown and forced expression experiments identified the receptor uncoordinated receptor-5 (UNC5A) as an antagonist of the Netrin-1 signal, though it did not affect the death of HCV-infected cells. Netrin-1 enhanced infectivity of HCV particles and promoted viral entry by increasing the activation and decreasing the recycling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein that is dysregulated in HCC. Netrin-1 and HCV are, therefore, reciprocal inducers in vitro and in patients, as seen from the increase in viral morphogenesis and viral entry, both phenomena converging toward an increase in the level of infectivity of HCV virions. This functional association involving a cancer-related virus and Netrin-1 argues for evaluating the implication of UNC5 receptor ligands in other oncogenic microbial species.
A 4GHz Low Complexity ADPLL-based Frequency Synthesizer in 90nm CMOS

A 4 GHz ADPLL-based integer-N frequency synthesizer is reported in this paper. It employs a low-complexity digital phase and frequency detector as well as a non-linear phase and frequency decision circuit to significantly reduce the hardware complexity while maintain a comparable in-lock performance to other high-complexity ADPLLs. The ADPLL was fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology to prove its feasibility. Operating with a high-frequency-resolution DCO, the proposed low-complexity ADPLL exhibits a programmable loop bandwidth from 100 kHz to 6 MHz with and an excellent in-band phase noise performance.
Fast Ewald sums for general van der Waals potentials

This work considers ways to increase calculation speed for Ewald crystal summations in cases where standard combination rules do not apply. This also increases speed of free‐energy perturbation theory calculations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 1365–1370, 1997
Differential Lines for Common-Mode Suppression Based in Hybrid Microstrip/CPW Technology

A symmetrical pair of differential microstrip lines implemented in hybrid microstrip/coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology is proposed. Transmission-line models are used to analyze differential- and common-mode responses, allowing efficient design with minimal optimization effort. The structure behaves as a conventional transmission line pair under differential-mode excitation, whereas asymmetrical coupled transmission line theory has to be applied to characterize common-mode operation. The common mode is strongly suppressed thanks to the introduction of a controllable transmission zero. A two-stage version of the structure is used to increase the common-mode rejection bandwidth. All the electrical parameters of the transmission lines have been obtained using an in-house fast quasi-TEM code. The good agreement between transmission-line models, full-wave simulations and measurements confirms the benefits of the structure and the design procedure.
Nerve Growth Factor Treatment Increases Stimulus‐evoked Release of Sensory Neuropeptides in the Rat Spinal Cord

In the adult rat, nerve growth factor (NGF) upregulates the nociceptive peptide substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in neuronal cell bodies of C fibres but the effects of NGF on release of these neuropeptides from the central afferent terminals have not been reported. Thus, this study compared rats treated with six doses of NGF over 2 weeks with controls and measured the release of the neuropeptides, SP and CGRP from the dorsum of the lumbar spinal cord in vitro. NGF (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) greatly increased basal and stimulus‐evoked SP and CGRP release; at 0.1 mg/kg, NGF did not affect SP release but significantly increased CGRP basal outflow and evoked release. In a different set of experiments, topical application of NGF (100 ng/ml) to cords from naive rats did not increase stimulus‐evoked release of SP or CGRP. These findings show marked stimulation by NGF treatment in vivo of release of sensory neuropeptides during stimulation of dorsal roots, albeit at relatively large doses of the neurotrophin.
Speech recognition of broadcast sports news

This paper shows that a domain-dependent language model and state-skipped HMMs can achieve improvements in word recognition accuracy on a broadcast sports news transcription task. Although a domain-dependent language model is much better than a general model in terms of word error rate, the smaller training corpus for a special topic relative to the general news corpus leads to problems especially in higher-order n-gram probability estimation. In this paper, we tried a linear interpolation technique to smooth out unreliable higher-order n-gram probabilities using more reliable lower-order n-gram probabilities. We also applied a language model adaptation technique by using news manuscripts on sports topics. For acoustic modeling, since the speech rate of sports news speech was faster than that of general news speech, we added two state-skipping paths to three-state HMMs to deal with phonemes of duration less than three frames. Overall, we reduced the word error rate from 15.1% to 5.8%, and achieved sufficient performance to realize real-time subtitling services.
Parameter Design of IPMSM With Concentrated Winding Considering Partial Magnetic Saturation

The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is usually applied to the traction motor in the hybrid electric vehicle and the electric vehicle due to its high-power density and wide speed range. In this paper, the IPMSM with concentrated winding for a 110 cc electric motorcycle is introduced. Its design was improved for high efficiency and a wide speed operation range. The output characteristics were also analyzed according to the partial magnetic saturation of the shoe and web in many variables. Because partial magnetic saturation affects the harmonics and the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet, it was confirmed that the output characteristics of the motor significantly changed. As a result, the new shape and the design parameters for which the partial magnetic saturation was considered were obtained. Higher level efficiency and a wider operating range than with the base model were confirmed.
A Novel Dual-Band MIMO Antenna Array With Low Mutual Coupling for Portable Wireless Devices

In this letter, a dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array is proposed for portable wireless devices. The MIMO antenna array consists of two back-to-back monopoles elements with an edge-to-edge distance of 0.096 λ -(λ is the free-space wavelength at 2.4 GHz). A shorting strip and an isolation stub are designed to reduce the mutual coupling between the two elements. The MIMO antenna array has a volume of 15 × 50 × 0.8 mm3. It can cover the WLAN 2.4- and 5.8-GHz bands. The measured isolation values (S21) are lower than - 25 and - 20 dB at the 2.45- and 5.8-GHz bands, respectively. The key design parameters are presented, and the parametric study is performed.