Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Measurement of Conversational Interactivity in COMPS Computer Mediated Problem-Solving Dialogues

This paper reports on experiments in measuring the general level of conversational interactivity in COMPS problemsolving dialogues. COMPS is a web-delivered computermediated problem solving environment for student collaborative exploratory learning. The primary mode of interaction is typed dialogue. We anticipate that the computer will provide a status display to aid the instructor, who is effectively looking over the shoulders of the students as they work. Toward the goal of computer monitoring of conversation quality, we have analyzed dialogue turns for Initiate and Respond dialogue moves as prescribed by Conversation Analysis theory. Many of our dialogues are quite interactive by this measure. However computer tagging of individual turns as Initiate or Respond has proved difficult. Here we show what makes such tagging difficult in our problem-solving environment. We also propose that there are shallow measures of overall interactivity that may correlate with how much the students are responding, without the need to correctly tag individual dialogue turns.
Metabolic alterations in middle-aged and elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE We conducted this study to assess the metabolic alterations in middle-aged and elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy control subjects (9 middle-aged, aged 42 +/- 2 years, BMI 33 +/- 1 kg/m2; 10 elderly, aged 71 +/- 1 years, BMI 29 +/- 1 kg/m2) and patients with type 2 diabetes (11 middle-aged, aged 43 +/- 2 years, BMI 34 +/- 2 kg/m2; 23 elderly, aged 73 +/- 1 years; BMI 30 +/- 1 kg/m2) underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a 2-h hyperglycemic glucose clamp, and a 3-h euglycemic glucose clamp study with tritiated glucose methodology to measure hepatic glucose production and peripheral disposal rates. RESULTS Middle-aged and elderly control subjects and patients with diabetes were similar in percentage of body fat. Waist-to-hip ratio was greater in elderly patients with diabetes than in elderly control subjects (P < 0.01), but was similar in both middle-aged groups. VO2max was less in control subjects than in both middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes (P < 0.05). Insulin responses during the OGTT were similar in elderly control subjects and patients with diabetes, but were less in middle-aged patients with diabetes than in control subjects (305 +/- 49 vs. 690 +/- 136 pmol/l, P < 0.01). Patients with type 2 diabetes had absent first-phase insulin responses during the hyperglycemic clamp. Second-phase (80-120 min) insulin values were similar in elderly patients and control subjects, but were reduced in middle-aged patients with diabetes compared with control subjects (285 +/- 35 vs. 894 +/- 143 pmol/l, P < 0.0001). During the euglycemic clamp, basal and steady-state (150-180 min) hepatic glucose output values were less in middle-aged control subjects than in patients with diabetes (basal, 3.03 +/- 0.10 vs. 3.69 +/- 0.09 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.0001; steady-state, 0.72 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.20 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.0001). Basal and steady-state hepatic glucose output values were similar in elderly patients and control subjects. Finally, steady-state (150-180 min) glucose disposal rates were higher in control subjects than in patients with diabetes in both the middle-aged (7.51 +/- 0.85 vs. 4.62 +/- 0.24 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.01) and elderly (9.91 +/- 0.61 vs. 6.78 +/- 0.60 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.01) groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that type 2 diabetes in obese middle-aged subjects is characterized by impaired glucose-induced insulin release, altered regulation of hepatic glucose output, and resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. In contrast, the primary defect in elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes is resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Our findings may have important therapeutic implications for these patient populations.
Understanding heart development and congenital heart defects through developmental biology: A segmental approach

ABSTRACT The heart is the first organ to form and function during development. In the pregastrula chick embryo, cells contributing to the heart are found in the postero‐lateral epiblast. During the pregastrula stages, interaction between the posterior epiblast and hypoblast is required for the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALM) to form, from which the heart will later develop. This tissue interaction is replaced by an Activin‐like signal in culture. During gastrulation, the ALM is committed to the heart lineage by endoderm‐secreted BMP and subsequently differentiates into cardiomyocyte. The right and left precardiac mesoderms migrate toward the ventral midline to form the beating primitive heart tube. Then, the heart tube generates a right‐side bend, and the d‐loop and presumptive heart segments begin to appear segmentally: outflow tract (OT), right ventricle, left ventricle, atrioventricular (AV) canal, atrium and sinus venosus. T‐box transcription factors are involved in the formation of the heart segments: Tbx5 identifies the left ventricle and Tbx20 the right ventricle. After the formation of the heart segments, endothelial cells in the OT and AV regions transform into mesenchyme and generate valvuloseptal endocardial cushion tissue. This phenomenon is called endocardial EMT (epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation) and is regulated mainly by BMP and TGFβ. Finally, heart septa that have developed in the OT, ventricle, AV canal and atrium come into alignment and fuse, resulting in the completion of the four‐chambered heart. Altered development seen in the cardiogenetic process is involved in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects. Therefore, understanding the molecular nature regulating the ‘nodal point’ during heart development is important in order to understand the etiology of congenital heart defects, as well as normal heart development.
Clues to the nature of dark matter from first galaxies

We use 38 high-resolution simulations of galaxy formation between redshift 10 and 5 to study the impact of a 3 keV warm dark matter (WDM) candidate on the high-redshift Universe. We focus our attention on the stellar mass function and the global star formation rate and consider the consequences for reionization, namely the neutral hydrogen fraction evolution and the electron scattering optical depth. We find that three different effects contribute to differentiate warm and cold dark matter (CDM) predictions: WDM suppresses the number of haloes with mass less than few 109 M⊙; at a fixed halo mass, WDM produces fewer stars than CDM, and finally at halo masses below 109 M⊙, WDM has a larger fraction of dark haloes than CDM post-reionization. These three effects combine to produce a lower stellar mass function in WDM for galaxies with stellar masses at and below 107 M⊙. For z > 7, the global star formation density is lower by a factor of two in the WDM scenario, and for a fixed escape fraction, the fraction of neutral hydrogen is higher by 0.3 at z ∼ 6. This latter quantity can be partially reconciled with CDM and observations only by increasing the escape fraction from 23 per cent to 34 per cent. Overall, our study shows that galaxy formation simulations at high redshift are a key tool to differentiate between dark matter candidates given a model for baryonic physics.
Tbx22null mice have a submucous cleft palate due to reduced palatal bone formation and also display ankyloglossia and choanal atresia phenotypes

Craniofacial defects involving the lip and/or palate are among the most common human birth defects. X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia results from loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the T-box transcription factor TBX22. Further studies show that TBX22 mutations are also found in around 5% of non-syndromic cleft palate patients. Although palate defects are obvious at birth, the underlying developmental pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report a Tbx22null mouse, which has a submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and ankyloglossia, similar to the human phenotype, with a small minority showing overt clefts. We also find persistent oro-nasal membranes or, in some mice a partial rupture, resulting in choanal atresia. Each of these defects can cause severe breathing and/or feeding difficulties in the newborn pups, which results in ∼50% post-natal lethality. Analysis of the craniofacial skeleton demonstrates a marked reduction in bone formation in the posterior hard palate, resulting in the classic notch associated with SMCP. Our results suggest that Tbx22 plays an important role in the osteogenic patterning of the posterior hard palate. Ossification is severely reduced after condensation of the palatal mesenchyme, resulting from a delay in the maturation of osteoblasts. Rather than having a major role in palatal shelf closure, we show that Tbx22 is an important determinant for intramembranous bone formation in the posterior hard palate, which underpins normal palate development and function. These findings could have important implications for the molecular diagnosis in patients with isolated SMCP and/or unexplained choanal atresia.
Tracking instantaneous frequency using two-sided linear prediction

We consider the problem of estimating of the instantaneous frequency of nonstationary signals. Instead of the usual one-sided linear prediction (OSP), we propose to use the so-called two-sided linear prediction (TSP) approach. In the TSP, the signal is modeled as a linear combination of its past and future values. The vector of prediction coefficients is estimated adaptively using an algorithm based on the least mean square noisy gradient technique. Numerical examples show that TSP requires a smaller order than OSP to achieve better resolution, and consequently is computationally efficient.
Truth Discovery via Proxy Voting

Truth discovery is a general name for a broad range of statistical methods aimed to extract the correct answers to questions, based on multiple answers coming from noisy sources. For example, workers in a crowdsourcing platform. In this paper, we design simple truth discovery methods inspired by \emph{proxy voting}, that give higher weight to workers whose answers are close to those of other workers. We prove that under standard statistical assumptions, proxy-based truth discovery (\PTD) allows us to estimate the true competence of each worker, whether workers face questions whose answers are real-valued, categorical, or rankings. We then demonstrate through extensive empirical study on synthetic and real data that \PTD is substantially better than unweighted aggregation, and competes well with other truth discovery methods, in all of the above domains.
A Rapid and Sensitive Automated Image‐Based Approach for In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Cell Morphology and Quantification of Cell Number and Neurite Architecture

Stereological methods for tissue cell counting, specifically for neuron quantification, decrease systematic error and sampling bias; however, they are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming. Approaches for cell (neuron) quantification in vitro are not accurate, sensitive, or subsequently reproducible. Neuronal phenotype is related to alterations in cell morphology and neurite pattern. The techniques currently available for quantification of these features present several limitations. In this unit, we provide validated automated procedures for in vivo and in vitro quantification of cell number, morphological cell changes, and neurite morphometry in a fast, simple, and reliable manner. Our method counts up to 8 times as many neurons in less than 5% to 10% of the time required for stereological analysis (optical fractionator). In summary, this technology offers an unparalleled opportunity to examine features of cells at high resolution in a complex three‐dimensional environment. These techniques provide an exceptional in vivo and in vitro system for neurotoxicity studies, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 68:12.33. 1‐12.33. 22. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Literary Theme Ontology for Media Annotation and Information Retrieval

Literary theme identification and interpretation is a focal point of literary studies scholarship. Classical forms of literary scholarship, such as close reading, have flourished with scarcely any need for commonly defined literary themes. However, the rise in popularity of collaborative and algorithmic analyses of literary themes in works of fiction, together with a requirement for computational searching and indexing facilities for large corpora, creates the need for a collection of shared literary themes to ensure common terminology and definitions. To address this need, we here introduce a first draft of the Literary Theme Ontology. Inspired by a traditional framing from literary theory, the ontology comprises literary themes drawn from the authors own analyses, reference books, and online sources. The ontology is available at this https URL under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
Effect of Different Types of Loads on the Force-Velocity Relationship Obtained During the Bench Press Throw Exercise

Abstract Cosic, M, Knezevic, OM, Nedeljkovic, A, Djuric, S, Zivkovic, MZ, and Garcia-Ramos, A. Effect of different types of loads on the force-velocity relationship obtained during the bench press throw exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2401–2406, 2021—This study aimed (a) to evaluate the degree of linearity of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship across different types of loads, (b) to compare the magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters (maximum values of force [F0], velocity [V0], and power [Pmax]) between the different types of loads, and (c) to explore the concurrent validity of F0 with traditional measures of maximal strength. The F-V relationships of 15 physically active men (age: 20.9 ± 2.0 years, bench press 1 repetition maximum relative to body mass: 1.20 ± 0.10 kg·kg−1) were determined during the bench press throw exercise using predominantly gravitational (W), inertial (I), and combined (W + I) loads. The bench press maximal isometric force (Fiso) and the 1RM were also assessed. The individual F-V relationships were highly linear regardless of the type of load considered (median r [range] = 0.98 [0.94, 1.00]). The W + I load provided the largest value of F0 (972 ± 45 N; 6.0 and 14.6% higher than W and I, respectively), the I load the largest value of V0 (2.99 ± 0.34 m·s−1; 40.4 and 20.1% higher than W and W + I, respectively), and the W load the lowest value of Pmax (501 ± 46 W; −22.7 and −17.1% lower than I and W + I, respectively). The F0 obtained from the W load presented the highest association with Fiso and 1RM values (r > 0.90). The W + I load and the I load should be recommended to work closer to the F0 and V0 capacities, respectively. However, the W load should be recommended to assess maximal strength capacity through the value of F0.
Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders Reliability and Validity of the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire in Adult Women with Hip Disorders

Background: Although physical activity maintenance is important for OA management, it is not clear whether people with OA are more inactive or not. One possible reason is no simple monitoring tool to assess physical activity at the clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BQ) in adult women with hip disorders.
Almost lossless variable-length source coding on countably infinite alphabets

Motivated from the fact that universal source coding on countably infinite alphabets is not feasible, the notion of almost lossless source coding is introduced. This idea -analog to the weak variable-length source coding problem proposed by Han [1]- aims at relaxing the lossless block-wise assumption to allow a distortion that vanishes asymptotically as the block-length goes to infinity1. In this setup, both feasibility and optimality results are derived for the case of memoryless sources defined on countably infinite alphabets. Our results show on one hand that Shannon entropy characterizes the minimum achievable rate (known statistics) while on the other that almost lossless universal source coding becomes feasible for the family of finite entropy stationary and memoryless sources with countably infinite alphabets.
Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton

Although much evidence suggests that the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not homogenous, the precise architecture of this important structure has not been clear. Here we use transmission electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets and specific probes to show that most or all plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered in cholesterol-enriched domains (“islands”) that are separated by “protein-free” and cholesterol-low membrane. These islands are further divided into subregions, as shown by the localization of “raft” and “non-raft” markers to specific areas. Abundant actin staining and inhibitor studies show that these structures are connected to the cytoskeleton and at least partially depend on it for their formation and/or maintenance.
Comparison of interaction forces of robot arm on Force-free Control and impedance control by model based simulations

This paper presents the comparison of Force-Free Control (FFC) against a Impedance Control (IC) method in cartesian space. The study of interaction forces between a robot arm and the environment is carried out. Main objective of this investigation is to find how to regulate and tune force-free control for safe and feasible operation. And how proposed force-free control compliances against an external force given from the environment, and compares the behavior with general impedance control method. A concise description of analyzing procedure is given for modeling and simulation of a robot arm and also how it interacts with environment under force-free and impedance controls schemes. The modeling and comparison are made by adopting Matlab/Simulink environment. Furthermore, the intention is also focused to make use of actual industrial robots whose factory fitted dynamical control loops are not accessible.
A method for quantifying facial muscle movements in the smile during facial expression training

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method capable of quantifying facial expressions during facial expression training that is intended to achieve a more expressive face. The specific aim was to investigate methods of estimating facial muscle movements from facial images and display our estimation results in an understandable way, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. The facial expression that our study chose to work with was the smile. Facial muscles around the mouth that need to contract when a person creates a smile were selected. The muscle parameters that indicate a muscle's level of contraction were calculated using the distances of various feature points in facial images. Further, a schematic showing quasi-muscles was overlaid upon a facial image to show the estimation results. An evaluation experiment was conducted. The accuracy of muscle parameters derived from facial expressions that change greatly from a face devoid of expression was higher than that of facial expressions that changed very little. From the questionnaire results, it was determined that the quasi-muscles on a facial image were found to be helpful in understanding the meaning of muscle parameters.
Roundoff noise minimization of state-space digital filters using separate and joint error feedback/coordinate transformation optimization

This paper investigates the problem of minimizing roundoff noise under l/sub 2/-norm dynamic-range scaling constraints in state-space digital fibers by means of error feedback as well as joint error feedback/coordinate transformation optimization. First, several techniques, for the determination of optimal full-scale, diagonal, and scalar error-feedback matrices for a given state-space digital filter are proposed, where three realization schemes, namely, the general state-space realization, input-balanced realization, and optimal realization in the sense of Hwang-Mullis-Roberts are examined. Furthermore, an iterative approach is developed for jointly optimizing a scalar error-feedback matrix and a coordinate transformation matrix so as to minimize the roundoff noise subject to the l/sub 2/-norm dynamic-range scaling constraints. The proposed method may be regarded as an alternative, but much simpler and more general, approach to Hwang's method for synthesizing the optimal filter structure with minimum roundoff noise. A case study is included to illustrate the utility of the proposed techniques.
An Augmented Anomaly-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Neural Network

As a measurement and significance of the system has expands step by step. At that point odds of a system assaults as additionally increments. So to upgrade arrange security diverse strides has been taken. System is basically assaulted by a few interruptions which can be distinguished by system interruption identification framework. Many sorts of system interruption discovery framework which uses the character and mark of the interruption. These interruptions are mostly contained in information parcels and every bundle needs to check for its recognition. This paper attempts to build up an interruption identification framework in the comparative design of distinguishing mark or examples of various sorts of interruptions. As irregularity discovery framework needs to confront distinctive issue of false alert era which implies distinguishing as an interruption regardless it is not an interruption. Result acquired in the wake of dissecting this framework is very adequate that about 85% of genuine cautions are produced.
Concordance of cribriform architecture in matched prostate cancer biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens

Invasive cribriform and/or intraductal carcinoma have been identified as independent adverse parameters for prostate cancer outcome. Little is known on biopsy undersampling of cribriform architecture. Our aim was to determine the extent of cribriform architecture undersampling and to find predictive factors for identifying false cribriform‐negative cases.
File 1 7 : Extended analysis of stress tolerance of the aspergilli ( 2 )

Abteilung für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GeorgAugust-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary and MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary; Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands Berlin University of Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Hertzstr. 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe