Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey USC / ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2007-640

Measurement studies published in the literature have, for the most part, ignored the population of hosts. While many hosts are hidden behind firewalls and in private address space, there is much to be learned from examining the population of visible Internet hosts—one can better understand network growth and accessibility and this understanding ca n help to assess vulnerabilities, deployment of new technolo gies, and improve network models. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to measure the population of visible Internet edge hosts. We measure hosts in two ways: via periodic Internet censuses, where we queryall accessible Internet addresses every few months, and viasurveysof a small fraction of the responsive address space, probing each address every 11 minutes for one week. These approaches are complementary: a census is effective at evaluating the Internet as a whole, while surveys validat e the census and allow observation of the lifetime of typical address occupancy. We find that only 3.6% of allocated addresses are actually occupied by visible hosts, and that occupancy is unevenly distributed, with a quarter of responsive /24 subnets less t han 5% full, and only 9% of subnets more than half full. We establish an upper-bound on the number of servers in the Internet at 36 million, about 16% of the responsive addresses. Many firewalls are visible and we observe significant diversity in the distribution of firewalled block size. While the absolute number of firewalled blocks appears stable, the ratio of coverage of visible firewalls to the number of visible addresses is declining, perhaps suggesting increasing use of invisible firewalls.
The Human Parahippocampal Region: I. Temporal Pole Cytoarchitectonic and MRI Correlation

The temporal pole (TP) is the rostralmost portion of the human temporal lobe. Characteristically, it is only present in human and nonhuman primates. TP has been implicated in different cognitive functions such as emotion, attention, behavior, and memory, based on functional studies performed in healthy controls and patients with neurodegenerative diseases through its anatomical connections (amygdala, pulvinar, orbitofrontal cortex). TP was originally described as a single uniform area by Brodmann area 38, and von Economo (area TG of von Economo and Koskinas), and little information on its cytoarchitectonics is known in humans. We hypothesize that 1) TP is not a homogenous area and we aim first at fixating the precise extent and limits of temporopolar cortex (TPC) with adjacent fields and 2) its structure can be correlated with structural magnetic resonance images. We describe here the macroscopic characteristics and cytoarchitecture as two subfields, a medial and a lateral area, that constitute TPC also noticeable in 2D and 3D reconstructions. Our findings suggest that the human TP is a heterogeneous region formed exclusively by TPC for about 7 mm of the temporal tip, and that becomes progressively restricted to the medial and ventral sides of the TP. This cortical area presents topographical and structural features in common with nonhuman primates, which suggests an evolutionary development in human species.
User XQuery Pattern Method based Personalization Recommender Service

Semantic Web recommender systems is more complex than traditional recommender system in that it raises many new issues such as user profiling, navigation pattern. Semantic Web based recommender service aims at combining the two fast- developing research areas Semantic Web and User XQuery. Nevertheless, as the number of web pages increases rapidity, the problem of the information overload becomes increasingly severe when browsing and searching the World Wide Web. To solve this problem, personalization becomes a popular solution to customize the World Wide Web environment towards a user's preference. The idea is to improve by analyze of user query pattern for recommender service in the Web and to make use for building up the Semantic Web. In this paper, we present a user XQuery method for personalization Service using Semantic Web.
ScholarWorks@BGSU ScholarWorks@BGSU

Given a P 1 conforming or nonconforming Galerkin ﬁnite element method (GFEM) solution p h , which approximates the exact solution p of the diﬀusion-reaction equation −∇ · K∇ p + αp = f with full tensor variable coeﬃcient K , we evaluate the approximate ﬂux u h to the exact ﬂux u = −K∇ p by a simple but physically intuitive formula over each ﬁnite element. The ﬂux is sought in the continuous (in normal component) or the discontinuous Raviart–Thomas space. A systematic way of deriving such a formula is introduced. This direct method retains local conservation property at the element level, typical of mixed methods (ﬁnite element or ﬁnite volume type), but avoids solving an indeﬁnite linear system. In short, the present method retains the best of the GFEM and the mixed method but without their shortcomings. Thus we view our method as a conservative GFEM and demonstrate its equivalence to a certain mixed ﬁnite volume box method. The equivalence theorems explain how the pressure can decouple basically cost free from the mixed formulation. The accuracy in the ﬂux is of ﬁrst order in the H (div;Ω) norm. Numerical results are provided to support the theory.
Increasing Understanding of a New Environment using Location-Based Notification Systems

The rise in the ubiquity of wireless internet access and handheld computing devices has opened several avenues for Location-Based and Location-Aware applications. Our work introduces an adaptation of a notification system based on Location-centric events and features. Real-time information can be used in order to increase a users’ comprehension of his environment. Our prototype system, seeVT, provides a location-based solution for visitors to the Virginia Tech campus. The system uses handheld computers as an embodiment of a tour guide to introduce visitors to campus (initial pilot only for Computer Science department). We utilized VT’s WLAN infrastructure to interpolate the users’ current location and notify them about points of interests in the area. The notification information is also tailored as per user types and preferences. The goal of the system is to provide sufficient information to impart a long lasting comprehension of features in the user’s environment.
Comparing push- and pull-based broadcastingo or: would Microsoft watches profit from a transmitter?

The first main goal of this paper is to present Sketch-it! , a framework aiming to facilitate development and experimental evaluation of new scheduling algorithms. It comprises many helpful datastructures, a graphical interface with several components and a library with implementations of selected scheduling algorithms. Every scheduling problem covered by the classification-scheme originally proposed by Graham et al. [22] can easily be integrated into the framework. One of the more recent enhancements of this scheme, the so called broadcast scheduling problem, was chosen for an extensive case study of Sketchit! , yielding very interesting experimental results that represent the second main contribution of this paper. In broadcast scheduling many clients listen to a high bandwidth channel on which a server can transmit documents of a given set. Over time the clients request certain documents. In the pull-based setting each client has access to a slow bandwidth channel whereon it notifies the server about its requests. In the push-based setting no such channel exists. Instead it is assumed that requests for certain documents arrive randomly with probabilities known to the server. The goal in both settings is to generate broadcast schedules for these documents which minimize the average time a client has to wait until a request is answered. We conduct experiments with several algorithms on generated data. We distinguish scenarios for which a slow feedback channel is very advantageous, and others where its benefits are negligible, answering the question posed in the title.
The transient server approach to scheduling time-critical recovery operations

A scheduling approach is given for servicing the nondeterministic workload demands of time-critical recovery operations triggered by the detection of errors in periodic real-time workloads. This approach, referred to as the transient server, has been developed within the context of fixed-priority preemptive systems. For these systems, it is proved that deadline monotonic scheduling is optimal in maximizing the service opportunities for recovery requests. A scheduling-theoretic framework for integrating time-invariant deadline- and criticalness-based priorities is developed, motivated by the need to guarantee that the real-time workload experiences a graceful degradation during recovery. <<ETX>>
Identification and authentication using liquid crystal material markings

The present invention relates to the marking of the polymerizable liquid crystal material having an optical property determined for enabling authentication and reading of the markings by machine, and authentication of the marking by eye. It said marking is applied on the article by the variable information printing process, products or goods. The marking is in the form of a display showing the easy authentication, and the marking goods, products or unique code, which enables secure tracking and tracing throughout its life-cycle of the goods by the naked eye.
Model-based approaches to nonparametric Bayesian quantile regression

In several regression applications, a different structural relationship might be anticipated for the higher or lower responses than the average responses. In such cases, quantile regression analysis can uncover important features that would likely be overlooked by mean regression. We develop two distinct Bayesian approaches to fully nonparametric model-based quantile regression. The first approach utilizes an additive regression framework with Gaussian process priors for the quantile regression functions and a scale uniform Dirichlet process mixture prior for the error distribution, which yields flexible unimodal error density shapes. Under the second approach, the joint distribution of the response and the covariates is modeled with a Dirichlet process mixture of multivariate normals, with posterior inference for different quantile curves emerging through the conditional distribution of the response given the covariates. The proposed nonparametric prior probability models allow the data to uncover non-linearities in the quantile regression function and non-standard distributional features in the response distribution. Inference is implemented using a combination of posterior simulation methods for Dirichlet process mixtures. We illustrate the performance of the proposed models using simulated and real data sets.
A multibody modelling approach to determine load sharing between passive elements of the lumbar spine

The human spinal segment is an inherently complex structure, a combination of flexible and semi-rigid articulating elements stabilised by seven principal ligaments. An understanding of how mechanical loading is shared among these passive elements of the segment is required to estimate tissue failure stresses. A 3D rigid body model of the complete lumbar spine has been developed to facilitate the prediction of load sharing across the passive elements. In contrast to previous multibody models, this model includes a non-linear, six degrees of freedom intervertebral disc, facet bony articulations and all spinal ligaments. Predictions of segmental kinematics and facet joint forces, in response to pure moment loading (flexion–extension), were compared to published in vitro data. On inclusion of detailed representation of the disc and facets, the multibody model fully captures the non-linear flexibility response of the spinal segment, i.e. coupled motions and a mobile instantaneous centre of rotation. Predicted facet joint forces corresponded well with reported values. For the loading case considered, the model predicted that the ligaments are the main stabilising elements within the physiological motion range; however, the disc resists a greater proportion of the applied load as the spine is fully flexed. In extension, the facets and capsular ligaments provide the principal resistance. Overall patterns of load distribution to the spinal ligaments are in agreement with previous predictions; however, the current model highlights the important role of the intraspinous ligament in flexion and the potentially high risk of failure. Several important refinements to the multibody modelling of the passive elements of the spine have been described, and such an enhanced passive model can be easily integrated into a full musculoskeletal model for the prediction of spinal loading for a variety of daily activities.
High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of breast tumours

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive technique that has been used for the treatment of both benign and malignant tumours. With HIFU, an ultrasound (US) beam propagates through soft tissue as a high-frequency pressure wave. The US beam is focused at a small target volume, and due to the energy building up at this site, the temperature rises, causing coagulative necrosis and protein denaturation within a few seconds. HIFU is capable of providing a completely non-invasive treatment without causing damage to the directly adjacent tissues. HIFU can be either guided by US or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Guided imaging is used to plan the treatment, detect any movement during the treatment and monitor response in real-time. This review describes the history of HIFU, the HIFU technique, available devices and gives an overview of the published literature in the treatment of benign and malignant breast tumours with HIFU.
Introduction to dynamic program analysis with DiSL

DiSL is a new domain-specific language for bytecode instrumentation with complete bytecode coverage. It reconciles expressiveness and efficiency of low-level bytecode manipulation libraries with a convenient, high-level programming model inspired by aspect-oriented programming. This paper summarizes the language features of DiSL and gives a brief overview of several dynamic program analysis tools that were ported to DiSL. DiSL is available as open-source under the Apache 2.0 license.
OASIS: prioritizing static analysis warnings for Android apps based on app user reviews

Lint is a widely-used static analyzer for detecting bugs/issues in Android apps. However, it can generate many false warnings. One existing solution to this problem is to leverage project history data (e.g., bug fixing statistics) for warning prioritization. Unfortunately, such techniques are biased toward a project’s archived warnings and can easily miss newissues. Anotherweakness is that developers cannot readily relate the warnings to the impacts perceivable by users. To overcome these weaknesses, in this paper, we propose a semantics-aware approach, OASIS, to prioritizing Lint warnings by leveraging app user reviews. OASIS combines program analysis and NLP techniques to recover the intrinsic links between the Lint warnings for a given app and the user complaints on the app problems caused by the issues of concern. OASIS leverages the strength of such links to prioritize warnings. We evaluated OASIS on six popular and large-scale open-source Android apps. The results show that OASIS can effectively prioritize Lint warnings and help identify new issues that are previously-unknown to app developers.
Multiprocess malware

Malware behavior detectors observe the behavior of suspected malware by emulating its execution or executing it in a sandbox or other restrictive, instrumented environment. This assumes that the process, or process family, being monitored will exhibit the targeted behavior if it contains malware. We describe a technique for evading such detection by distributing the malware over multiple processes. We then present a method for countering this technique, and present results of tests that validate our claims.
Coronary Artery RIsk MAnagement Programme (CARIMAP) Delivered by a Rehabilitation Day-Hospital: IMPACT ON PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that correct management of different coronary risk factors can reduce coronary event rates. However, significant undertreatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension is still found during clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized management program to modify coronary disease risk profile. METHODS: One hundred sixty-eight patients discharged from a cardiac rehabilitation department after acute coronary events were prospectively randomized into 2 management strategies: 84 started usual community care and 84 entered a Coronary Artery RIsk MAnagement Programme (CARIMAP) delivered by the rehabilitation day-hospital. Coronary risk profile, optimized therapy, and management were evaluated after the acute event and again after a followup of 9 ± 4 months in both groups. RESULTS: Patients accessed the day-hospital an average of 4 ± 1 months (range, 1–13 months) after the acute event. The duration of the CARIMAP was 5 ± 2 months and the individual number of accesses to the day-hospital was 4 ± 3.8. After the CARIMAP, patients received better-optimized therapy (&bgr;-blockers 57% vs 85%, P < .0001; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 54% vs 84%, P < .00001; statins 38% vs 78%, P < .0001; and amlodipine 22% vs 51%, P < .0001) and had a better risk profile (low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol < 100 mg/dL 30% vs 42%, P < .0001; blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg 63% vs 88%, P < .00001). CONCLUSION: The CARIMAP of secondary prevention delivered by a rehabilitation day-hospital to patients who had undergone an acute coronary event, enabled individually titrated therapy and better control of coronary artery risk factors.
Model Verification of Dynamic Software Product Lines

Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) extend the concept of Software Product Lines enabling adaptation at runtime according to context changes. Such dynamic behavior is typically designed using adaptation rules, context-triggered actions responsible for features activation and deactivation at runtime. The erroneous specification and the interleaving of adaptation rules (i.e., the parallel execution of adaptation rules) can lead DSPL to reach an undesired (improperly or defective) product configuration at runtime. Thus, in order to improve the reliability of DSPL behavior, design faults must be rigorously identified and eliminated in the early stages of DSPL development. In this paper, we address this issue introducing Dynamic Feature Transition Systems (DFTSs) that allow the modeling and formal verification of the DSPLs adaptive behavior. These transition systems are derived from the adaptation rules and a Context Kripke Structure, which is a context evolution model. Furthermore, we formally define five properties that can be used to identify existing design faults in DSPL design. Aiming to assess the feasibility of our approach, a feasibility study was conducted using two DSPLs, Mobile Visit Guides and Car. In both cases, design faults were automatically detected indicating that our formalism can help in the detection of design faults in the DSPLs adaptive behavior.
Proximity in Context: An Empirically Grounded Computational Model of Proximity for Processing Topological Spatial Expressions

The paper presents a new model for context dependent interpretation of linguistic expressions about spatial proximity between objects in a natural scene. The paper discusses novel psycholinguistic experimental data that tests and verifies the model. The model has been implemented, and enables a conversational robot to identify objects in a scene through topological spatial relations (e.g. "X near Y"). The model can help motivate the choice between topological and projective prepositions.
Why Parents Matter: Parental Investment and Child Outcomes

Preface The Big Picture: Societal Differences in Parenting Higher Investment and Its Outcomes Lower Parental Investment and Social Problems Divorce and Parental Investment Sibling Competition as a Tragedy of the Commons Money and Parental Investment Nine to Five: The Influence of Occupational Trends on Parental Investment Teen Mothers and Reduced Parental Investment Group Differences in Child Socialization Can You Increase Parental Investment? Can High Parental Investment Produce a Civil, and Enlightened, Society? Appendix Bibliography Index
Ontology Integration: How to perform the Process

Although ontology reuse is an important research issue only one of its subprocesses (merge) is fairly well understood. The time has come to change the current state of affairs with the other reuse subprocess: integration. In this paper we characterize the ontology integration process, we identify the activities that should be performed in this process and describe a methodology to perform the ontology integration process.
Adenosine diphosphate restricts the protein remodeling activity of the Hsp104 chaperone to Hsp70 assisted disaggregation

Hsp104 disaggregase provides thermotolerance in yeast by recovering proteins from aggregates in cooperation with the Hsp70 chaperone. Protein disaggregation involves polypeptide extraction from aggregates and its translocation through the central channel of the Hsp104 hexamer. This process relies on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Considering that Hsp104 is characterized by low affinity towards ATP and is strongly inhibited by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), we asked how Hsp104 functions at the physiological levels of adenine nucleotides. We demonstrate that physiological levels of ADP highly limit Hsp104 activity. This inhibition, however, is moderated by the Hsp70 chaperone, which allows efficient disaggregation by supporting Hsp104 binding to aggregates but not to non-aggregated, disordered protein substrates. Our results point to an additional level of Hsp104 regulation by Hsp70, which restricts the potentially toxic protein unfolding activity of Hsp104 to the disaggregation process, providing the yeast protein-recovery system with substrate specificity and efficiency in ATP consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.15159. 001
Direct optical mapping of transcription factor binding sites on field-stretched λ-DNA in nanofluidic devices

Mapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites along a DNA backbone is crucial in understanding the regulatory circuits that control cellular processes. Here, we deployed a method adopting bioconjugation, nanofluidic confinement and fluorescence single molecule imaging for direct mapping of TF (RNA polymerase) binding sites on field-stretched single DNA molecules. Using this method, we have mapped out five of the TF binding sites of E. coli RNA polymerase to bacteriophage λ-DNA, where two promoter sites and three pseudo-promoter sites are identified with the corresponding binding frequency of 45% and 30%, respectively. Our method is quick, robust and capable of resolving protein-binding locations with high accuracy (∼ 300 bp), making our system a complementary platform to the methods currently practiced. It is advantageous in parallel analysis and less prone to false positive results over other single molecule mapping techniques such as optical tweezers, atomic force microscopy and molecular combing, and could potentially be extended to general mapping of protein–DNA interaction sites.