Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel π-Conjugated Rod-Rod-Rod Triblock Copolymers Containing Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Polyacetylene Segments by Combination of Quasi-Living GRIM and Living Anionic Polymerization

The first successful synthesis of a new rod-rod-rod triblock copolymer, polyacetylene(PA)-b-poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)-b-PA could be synthesized by a combination of quasi-living Grignard metathesis (GRIM) and living anionic polymerization. We first confirmed that poly(4-tolyl vinyl sulfoxide) (PTVS), which is a soluble precursor for PA, could be synthesized by living anionic polymerization in THF at −78 °C, initiated with 3-methyl-1,1-diphenylpentyllithium as the initiator in the presence of in situ-generated lithium enolate. The molecular weights (MWs) and polydispersities (PDIs) were well controlled (MW = 5,200–27,000, PDI = 1.10–1.22), respectively. A coil-rod-coil triblock copolymer, PTVS-b-P3HT-b-PTVS, (6,000-12,500-6,000) could also be synthesized, initiated with a P3HT-based difunctional macroinitiator in the presence of lithium enolate. GPC-RALLS and 1H NMR analyses confirmed a high degree of structural homogeneity of PTVS-b-P3HT-b-PTVS. A thermal transformation reaction of the polymer was carried out in the film state at 170 °C for 2 h to afford PA-b-P3HT-b-PA quantitatively, as monitored by TGA and FT-IR analyses. The optical and electronic properties as well as the morphological behavior of the block copolymers were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, conductivity measurement, and AFM observation.
Detecting deceptive reviews using lexical and syntactic features

Deceptive opinion classification has attracted a lot of research interest due to the rapid growth of social media users. Despite the availability of a vast number of opinion features and classification techniques, review classification still remains a challenging task. In this work we applied stylometric features, i.e. lexical and syntactic, using supervised machine learning classifiers, i.e. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) and Naive Bayes, to detect deceptive opinion. Detecting deceptive opinion by a human reader is a difficult task because spammers try to write wise reviews, therefore it causes changes in writing style and verbal usage. Hence, considering the stylometric features help to distinguish the spammer writing style to find deceptive reviews. Experiments on an existing hotel review corpus suggest that using stylometric features is a promising approach for detecting deceptive opinions.
The Great Rebound , The Great Crash , and Persistence in British Stock Prices

In this paper, we investigate the persistence of British stock returns over the period 1962-98 using the Variance Ratio (VR) test to check for short-range dependence and the Modified Rescaled Range (MRS) test to check for long-range dependence. A central contribution of the paper is that we investigate the role of the great rebound in stock prices in January 1975 and the crash of October 1987. These shocks, which together represent less than 1% of the data fundamentally alter the time series properties of the data, with extreme skewness, excess kurtosis, and ARCH present in the unadjusted data, but absent from much of the shock-purged data. The VR and MRS tests reveal relatively little evidence of persistence in the original data. However, the VR tests exhibit systematic and significant reversals of sign as between the original and the shock-purged data. It appears that stock prices in Britain persistently stayed away from the mean, and then reverted back towards it in just two exceptionally large jumps. The results reinforce the need for researchers to take extra care in analysing British stock market data in the post-war period. Christopher J. Green, Yaqin Zhuang, and Paolo Maggioni* Zhuang: Loughborough University Green: Loughborough University Maggioni: Loughborough University and University of Trento Address for Correspondence: Christopher Green, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU Britain E-mail: C.J.Green@lboro.ac. uk
Instruction Issue Logic for High-Performance Interruptible, Multiple Functional Unit, Pipelines Computers

The problems of data dependency resolution and precise interrupt implementation in pipelined processors are combined. A design for a hardware mechanism that resolves dependencies dynamically and, at the same time, guarantees precise interrupts is presented. Simulation studies show that by resolving dependencies the proposed mechanism is able to obtain a significant speedup over a simple instruction issue mechanism as well as implement precise interrupts. >
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION STATISTICAL THEORY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF THE EFFECT OF HEAT CONDUCTION ON THE CHEMICAL REACTION RATE IN GASES

The effect of the heat flux on the rate of chemical reaction in dilute gases is shown to be important for reactions characterized by high activation energies and in the presence of very large temperature gradients. This effect, obtained from the second-order terms in the distribution function (similar to those obtained in the Burnett approximation to the solution of the Boltzmann equation), is derived on the basis of information theory. It is shown that the analytical results describing the effect are simpler if the kinetic definition for the nonequilibrium temperature is introduced than if the thermodynamic definition is introduced. The numerical results are nearly the same for both definitions.
A cloud line over the Gulf Stream

A 1000 km long cloud‐line over the major axis of the Gulf Stream was detected in imagery from a number of satellites on April 24, 2001. Analysis of environmental conditions shows that such a cloud‐line is formed when the synoptic low‐level wind is parallel to the Gulf Stream axis and the sky is clear, conditions that rarely occur in the high‐temperature and high‐moisture Gulf Stream region. The PSU‐NCAR fifth‐generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to study the cloud line. Results show that upward motion of the air in the middle of the Gulf Stream, caused by mesoscale solenoidal circulation induced by the large surface thermal gradient, is the source for the large cloud‐line formation. This cloud‐line formation mechanism is different from that of commonly observed ship cloud lines induced by ship‐stack emissions, and its extent is much longer than that of cloud lines induced by lake effects.
On the Efficacy of Mathematical Techniques for Modeling Brain Functional Connectivity

Functional connectivity is measured as the temporal coherence or correlation between the activities of disjoint brain areas. The direct statistical dependency between every two brain regions in the functional network can be obtained using the partial correlation method. Partial correlations can be computed efficiently if a sufficient number of data points are available. However, in most FMRI studies, computing partial correlations is a daunting challenge due to the limitation on the number samples available from fMRI scans. Therefore, functional connectivity is often defined based on the sample correlation matrix. To eliminate week correlations and sparsify the brain functional network, sample correlations are often thresholded to some pre-specified level. As an alternative technique, graphical lasso has become popular in the literature for identifying the direct correlations between the activities of different parts of the brain using a small number of samples. In this work, we investigate the performance of these two techniques on: (i) synthetic data produced by an electrical circuit model with certain structural properties, and (ii) resting state-fMRI data. In addition, we compare these techniques with a heuristic algorithm known as Cow-Liu that finds a maximum weight spanning tree of a weighted graph. Our study shows that the simple method of thresholding the correlation matrix and the computationally-expensive graphical lasso algorithm both create false positives and negatives that wrongly imply some network properties such as small-worldness. Furthermore, we show that the Chow-Liu algorithm is able to recover most of the network topology for an acyclic network. Finally, we propose a heuristic algorithm for generalizing the Chow-Liu algorithm to cyclic graphs. 1. Significance Statement In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the human brain functional networks using functional MRI. To obtain a physiologically meaningful representation of brain functional networks, it is desirable Email addresses: sojoudi@berkeley.edu (Somayeh Sojoudi), doyle@caltech.edu (John C. Doyle) to identify the direct relationships between the variabilities of different brain regions rather than indirect correlations. However, due to the availability of a limited number of samples in practice, it is a daunting challenge to estimate these direct relationships. In this work, we develop a framework that allows us to systematically evaluate the performance of some popular techniques in modeling brain functional networks. Moreover, we offer a new heuristic algorithm that would outperform the previous techniques under different scenarios.
Ultra-accurate collaborative information filtering via directed user similarity

A key challenge of the collaborative filtering (CF) information filtering is how to obtain the reliable and accurate results with the help of peers' recommendation. Since the similarities from small-degree users to large-degree users would be larger than the ones in opposite direction, the large-degree users' selections are recommended extensively by the traditional second-order CF algorithms. By considering the users' similarity direction and the second-order correlations to depress the influence of mainstream preferences, we present the directed second-order CF (HDCF) algorithm specifically to address the challenge of accuracy and diversity of the CF algorithm. The numerical results for two benchmark data sets, MovieLens and Netflix, show that the accuracy of the new algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art CF algorithms. Comparing with the CF algorithm based on random walks proposed by Liu et al. (Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, 20 (2009) 285) the average ranking score could reach 0.0767 and 0.0402, which is enhanced by 27.3% and 19.1% for MovieLens and Netflix, respectively. In addition, the diversity, precision and recall are also enhanced greatly. Without relying on any context-specific information, tuning the similarity direction of CF algorithms could obtain accurate and diverse recommendations. This work suggests that the user similarity direction is an important factor to improve the personalized recommendation performance.
Biological Research Based on Sensor Networks

Biological research in agriculture needs a lot of specialised electronic sensors in order to fulfil different goals, like as: climate monitoring, soil and fruit assessment, control of insects and diseases, crop tracking, and so on. That research must be supported by consistent biological models able to simulate diverse environmental conditions, in order to predict the right human actions before risky biological damage could be irreversible. In this paper, an experimental distributed network based on climatic an biological wireless sensors is described. This system provides real measurements in order to validate different biological models used for viticulture applications.
Solubility of Systems of Quadratic Forms

It has been known since the last century that a single quadratic form in at least five variables has a nontrivial zero in any p‐adic field, but the analogous question for systems of quadratic forms remains unanswered. It is plausible that the number of variables required for solubility of a system of quadratic forms simply is proportional to the number of forms; however, the best result to date, from an elementary argument of Leep [6], is that the number of variables needed is at most a quadratic function of the number of forms. The purpose of this paper is to show how these elementary arguments can be used, in a certain class of fields including the p‐adic fields, to refine the upper bound for the number of variables needed to guarantee solubility of systems of quadratic forms. This result partially addresses Problem 6 of Lewis' survey article [7] on Diophantine problems. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 11D72.
Discrete-Time Load Disturbance Torque Estimation for a DC Drive System

This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters' theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email (scholarship@uwindsor.ca) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. I hereby declare that this thesis incorporates material that is result of joint research, as follows: This thesis also incorporates the outcome of a joint research undertaken in collaboration with Danny Grignion under the supervision of professor Xiang Chen. The collaboration is covered in Chapters 2, 3 and 5 of the thesis. In all cases, the key ideas, primary contributions, experimental designs, data analysis and interpretation, were performed by the author, and the contribution of co-authors was primarily through the provision of revision of calculations and test setup. I am aware of the University of Windsor Senate Policy on Authorship and I certify that I have properly acknowledged the contribution of other researchers to my thesis, and have obtained written permission from each of the co-author(s) to include the above material(s) in my thesis. I certify that, with the above qualification, this thesis, and the research to which it refers, is the product of my own work. Submitted I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include the above published material(s) in my thesis. I certify that the above material describes work completed during my registration as graduate student at the University of Windsor. I declare that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone's copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I …
Addition of carbohydrate side chains at novel sites on influenza virus hemagglutinin can modulate the folding, transport, and activity of the molecule

We have constructed and expressed a series of mutant influenza virus hemagglutinins, each containing a new consensus site for glycosylation in addition to the seven sites found on the wild-type protein. Oligosaccharide side chains were added with high efficiency at four of the five novel sites, located on areas of the protein's surface that are not normally shielded by carbohydrate. Investigations of the structure, intracellular transport, and biological activities of the mutant hemagglutinin molecules indicated that (a) supernumerary carbohydrate side chains can be used to shield or disrupt functional epitopes on the surface of hemagglutinin, and (b) the presence of an additional oligosaccharide may cause temperature-dependent defects in the transport of the glycoprotein. We discuss the addition of supernumerary oligosaccharides as a general tool for shielding chosen areas of the surface of proteins that enter or traverse the secretory pathway.
Illumination-size relationships of 109 coexisting tropical forest trees

1. Competition for light is a central issue in ecological questions concerning forest tree differentiation and diversity. Here, using 213,106 individual stem records derived from a national survey in Ghana, West Africa, we examine the relationship between relative crown exposure, ontogeny and phylogeny for 109 canopy species. 2 2. We use a generalized linear model (GLM) framework to allow inter-specific comparisons of crown exposure that control for stem-size. For each species, a multinomial response model is used to describe the probabilities of the relative canopy illumination classes as a function of stem diameter. 3. In general, and for all larger stems, canopy-exposure increases with diameter. Five species have size-related exposure patterns that reveal local minima above 5cm dbh, but only one Panda oleosa shows a local maximum at a low diameter. 4. The pattern of species exposures at 10 cm diameter is consistent with two overlapping groups, of which the smaller (21 species, including most pioneers) is generally better exposed. 5. Relative illumination rankings amongst species are significantly maintained over a wide range of stem sizes. Species that are well exposed at small diameters are therefore also more likely to be well exposed at larger diameters, although two species in the most exposed 25 % of species at 10 cm dbh drop to the lowest illumination quartile at 40cm dbh, and three demonstrate the opposite (low-to-high) pattern. 6. Species capable of achieving the largest diameters are generally recorded less frequently in shade than are smaller species, even when compared as saplings, suggesting that species achieving large mature sizes are generally shade intolerant when small. Controlling for 3 phylogeny reveals that this relationship holds across independent lineages. 7. We also find evidence that the range of strategies encountered is influenced by disturbance regimes. 8. We interpret our results as indicating a continuum of strategies that reflect an evolutionary trade-off between a species' mature size and its general shade-tolerance, in combination with differentiation based on disturbance based opportunities. Apparently quite similar species can therefore remain ecologically distinct over their lifetimes.
Body Size Overlap, Habitat Partitioning and Living Space Requirements of Terrestrial Vertebrate Predators: Implications for the Paleoecology of Large Theropod Dinosaurs

Ecological studies of extant tetrapod predators indicate that morphologically similar species which coexist in the same habitats routinely reduce interspecific competition for food by regular spacing of body size. The biggest predator species in the assemblage often differ more from one another in size than the smallest species. When coexisting carnivore species do not differ greatly in size, they commonly show morphological differences related to prey handling that may reduce dietary overlap. If carnivore species are very similar in both size and morphology, competition is avoided by habitat partitioning. Two tyrannosaurid species from the late Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of western Canada are similar in both size and morphology, suggesting that they were segregated on the basis of habitat and/or biogeographic province. However; consideration of the living-space requirements of predator species of such large body size suggests that this kind of spatial separation would only have been possible had tyrannosaurids been more like ectotherms than endotherms in their metabolic rates. Distribution of different large theropod species across different, and surprisingly small (for the size of the animals) portions of Mesozoic landscapes may also account for the remarkably high diversity of morphologically similar large theropods in other dinosaur faunas.
Gated Boltzmann Machine for Recognition under Occlusion

Unconstrained real world environments are often full of clutter. Therefore, robustness to occlusion is vital for any artificial recognition system. Recently, the Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) has been shown to be good at generative modeling and recognition of visual objects. In this work we develop an extension to the DBM framework to make the system more accurate when recognizing handwritten digits under partial occlusion. The key is the introduction of additional indicator random variables which specify where in the image to ignore the occluder. The new model is still a Boltzmann machine as some extra terms are added to the DBM energy function. During inference, the model tries to figure out what are the occluder and the “object” given an occluded image. In addition, we can easily transfer the learned occluder model to other DBMs learned on different types of data, e.g. faces or objects.
Modeling microphysical effects of entrainment in clouds observed during EUCAARI-IMPACT field campaign

Abstract. This paper discusses aircraft observations and large-eddy simulation (LES) modeling of 15 May 2008, North Sea boundary-layer clouds from the EUCAARI-IMPACT field campaign. These clouds are advected from the northeast by the prevailing lower-tropospheric winds and featured stratocumulus-over-cumulus cloud formations. An almost-solid stratocumulus deck in the upper part of the relatively deep, weakly decoupled marine boundary layer overlays a field of small cumuli. The two cloud formations have distinct microphysical characteristics that are in general agreement with numerous past observations of strongly diluted shallow cumuli on one hand and solid marine stratocumulus on the other. Based on the available observations, a LES model setup is developed and applied in simulations using a novel LES model. The model features a double-moment warm-rain bulk microphysics scheme combined with a sophisticated subgrid-scale scheme allowing local prediction of the homogeneity of the subgrid-scale turbulent mixing. The homogeneity depends on the characteristic time scales for the droplet evaporation and for the turbulent homogenization. In the model, these scales are derived locally based on the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy, spatial scale of cloudy filaments, mean cloud droplet radius, and humidity of the cloud-free air entrained into a cloud, all predicted by the LES model. The model reproduces contrasting macrophysical and microphysical characteristics of the cumulus and stratocumulus cloud layers. Simulated subgrid-scale turbulent mixing within the cumulus layer and near the stratocumulus top is on average quite inhomogeneous, but varies significantly depending on the local conditions.