Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling probability-based injury severity scores in logistic regression models: the logit transformation should be used.

BACKGROUND The International Classification of Disease Injury Severity Score (ICISS) and the Trauma Registry Abbreviated Injury Scale Score (TRAIS) are trauma injury severity scores based on probabilities of survival. They are widely used in logistic regression models as raw probability scores to predict the logit of mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these severity indicators would offer a more accurate prediction of mortality if they were used with a logit transformation. METHODS Analyses were based on 25,111 patients from the trauma registries of the four Level I trauma centers in the province of Quebec, Canada, abstracted between 1998 and 2005. The ICISS and TRAIS were calculated using survival proportions from the National Trauma Data Bank. The performance of the ICISS and TRAIS in their widely used form, proportions varying from 0 to 1, was compared with a logit transformation of the scores in logistic regression models predicting in-hospital mortality. Calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. RESULTS Neither the ICISS nor the TRAIS had a linear relation with the logit of mortality. A logit transformation of these scores led to a near-linear association and consequently improved model calibration. The Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was 68 (35-192) and 69 (41-120) with the logit transformation compared with 272 (227-339) and 204 (166-266) with no transformation, for the ICISS and TRAIS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In logistic regression models predicting mortality, the ICISS and TRAIS should be used with a logit transformation. This study has direct implications for improving the validity of analyses requiring control for injury severity case mix.
Functional coupling of TRPC2 cation channels and the calcium‐activated anion channels in rat thyroid cells: Implications for iodide homeostasis

The initial step in a synthesis of thyroid hormones is the uptake of iodide from the circulation. Iodide (I−) is transported into thyroid cells via a Na+/I− symporter (NIS), which is electrogenic and thus sensitive to alterations in membrane potential (Vm). I− is then released to the lumen of thyroid follicles where the hormones are synthesised and stored. The mechanisms of I− release to follicle lumen are poorly characterised. Our whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings revealed the presence of a Ca2+ activated Cl− current (CaCC) in Fisher rat thyroid cell line 5 (FRTL‐5). Transcripts of anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and anoctamin 10 (ANO10), putative molecular constituents of CaCC, were detected. The anion channels underlying CaCC are highly permeable to I−. Both niflumic acid (NFA) and 2‐aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2‐APB), antagonists of CaCC and transient receptor potential channels, respectively, inhibited CaCC. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPC2) is the only TRPC member present in FRTL‐5 cells. The activation rate of CaCC was markedly slower in shTRPC2 knock‐down cells, indicating that Ca2+ entry via TRPC2 contributes to CaCC activation. The uptake of iodide was enhanced and the resting Vm was more depolarised in TRPC2 knock‐down cells. We suggest that the interplay between TRPC2 and ANO1 may have dual effects on iodide transport, modulating I− release via ANO channels and I− uptake via the Vm sensitive NIS. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 814–823, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell-based Causality for Data Repairs

In recent work, Salimi and Bertossi provide a tight connection between causality and tuple-based data repairs. We investigate this connection between causality and two other kinds of repair models. First, we consider cell-based V-repairs, i.e., repairs that are obtained by modifying cells in the data. In contrast, tuple-based repairs only allow for the deletion of tuples. Second, we introduce a new notion of repairs, called chase repairs, that take into account the procedural (chase) steps that lead to a repair. We establish a connection between causes (and the associated notion of responsibility) and V-repairs, and analyse the complexity of verifying whether a cell is a cause and whether its responsibility is above a certain threshold. Our understanding of chase repairs is still very preliminary, and we argue that provenance models that are specifically targeted to data repairs and data quality in general are needed to make formal connections between causality and chase repairs.
Modeling of Single Stage Grid-Connected Buck-Boost Inverter for Domestic Applications

This paper introduces the implementation of conventional multistage inverter into single-stage grid-tie buck-boost photovoltaic inverter topology for domestic purposes where Buck-boost and inversions are takes place in single stage only. Instead of using transformer here we will use special energy conversion device called Coupled Inductor. And this topology has a low component count with only three power switches, while conventional PV inverters may require four to five switches in two-stage power conversions for the same functions. And also it has numerous desirable features such as low cost, smaller size, simple control scheme and good efficiency. Switching of inverter circuit will be done by combination of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and square wave signal under grid synchronization condition. To regulate the inverter's instantaneous ac output voltage, a closed-loop SPWM control technique is used to stabilize the output and to regulate the inverter's instantaneous ac output voltage. The proposed model design is mathematically modeled in MATLAB or PSIM. Simulation results are presented to verify the viability of proposed inverter for grid connected photovoltaic application and shows the capability of the inverter to feed a sinusoidal current to the utility grid at wide range of input photovoltaic dc voltage.
A multistage process for computing virtual dipolar sources of EEG discharges from surface information.

A mathematical model consisting of a homogeneous spherical conductive medium was used to simulate the human head. A current dipole situated in the interior of the sphere produces, on the surface, a theoretical distribution of potential similar to certain EEG activities recorded on the human scalp. We propose a multi-stage method for computing the six parameters of a such virtual dipolar source by using only measurements on the surface of the scalp. Epileptic discharges observed on a young patient were thus analyzed. The computed dipole depends on the placement of pairs of electrodes used for the record. We compare the results of four ``assemblies'' using different pairings of electrodes. The center of the dipole varies within a volume of 2 cm 3 but its direction is stable. We discuss the importance and the influence of the approximations introduced by the model and the method. Although these approximations cannot be neglected, they do not change the signification of our results. The question is now raised: Has the virtual source a physical interpretation? Only intracerebral investigations can bring about a clear answer. However, whatever the answer may be, it appears that the method presented here can be helpful in the analysis of EEG surface situations.
Uma Abordagem para Detecção Automática de Sinônimos em Mapas Conceituais

Mapas conceituais sao utilizados na representacao do conhecimento num dado dominio e instante de tempo. Falhas e redundâncias ocorridas em sua concepcao podem torna-los dificeis de serem interpretados especialmente pelo computador. Uma falha comum e a repeticao de conceitos por meio de sinonimos. Esse artigo explora uma abordagem para deteccao automatica de sinonimos aplicada aos mapas reconhecendo sua importância para dar mais formalismo e consistencia.
Active and reactive power control in three phase solar PV inverter using modified IC method

With the increment of solar photovoltaic installation in power grid, solar power penetration level, over loading of grid and power fluctuation are becoming prominent issues. To address the problems, active and reactive power fed to the grid from solar inverter are needed to be controlled. Regulation of active power from solar inverter is performed by modifying maximum power point tracking algorithm of photovoltaic generation and run in off maximum power mode. To operate the solar plant in off maximum power mode, fractional voltage based modified incremental conductance method is introduced in this paper. The solar photovoltaic inverter over which this active power control is operated, is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and this model is tested for real irradiance and temperature conditions. Reactive power control is also performed in standard test condition. Simulation results illustrate the desired limited active power injection into the grid from solar photovoltaic system and reactive power ancillary support as well.
Standardized terminology and nomenclature for pancreatobiliary cytology: The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, techniques of EUS‐FNA, terminology and nomenclature of pancreatobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and postbiopsy treatment and management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings over an 18‐month period and synthesis of online comments of the draft document on the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology web site (www.papsociety.org). This document selectively presents the results of these discussions and focuses on a proposed standardized terminology scheme for pancreatobiliary specimens that correlate cytological diagnosis with biological behavior and increasingly conservative patient management of surveillance only.
Sympathetic reactivity in late pregnancy is related to labour onset in women

Stress regulation during pregnancy is considered to be connected to the timing of labour initiation. Although increasing knowledge is emerging on the regulation of parturition, there is currently no way to predict the start of spontaneous labour in women. The main aim of this study was to assess pain threshold and the sympathetic nervous system response to cold pain in relation to the onset of labour in healthy pregnant women. Ninety-three pregnant women were recruited and assessed for skin conductance (SC) activity during a cold pressor test in gestational week 38. Pain threshold and cold endurance were also measured and the results were compared with data obtained from hospital records. Seventy-four women had a spontaneous labour onset and a valid SC measurement. SC activity during the cold pressor test decreased significantly with the number of days left to spontaneous parturition. This may indicate a gradual decrease in sympathetic autonomic nervous system reactivity even during the last weeks of pregnancy. Measuring SC activity during mild stress provocation is a rapid and non-invasive means to study variation in sympathetic reactivity during pregnancy, and may be useful in research on stress regulation in pregnancy and its relation to labour initiation.
Compact Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed Tunable Wideband Resonant Antennas Using Metamaterial Transmission Line

A wideband resonant antenna loaded with coplanar waveguide (CPW) epsilon negative transmission metamaterial line (ENG MTL) unit cells is proposed. The CPW geometry provides high design freedom, and the metamaterial resonant antenna is designed on a CPW single layer where vias are not required. The novel ENG unit cell on a vialess single layer simplifles the fabrication process. The dispersion analysis of the metamaterial unit cell reveals that increasing right hand capacitance and left hand inductance can decrease the half-wavelength resonance frequency, thus reducing the electrical size of the proposed antenna. Based on the proposed ENG MTL unit cell, the wideband antenna is verifled by a commercial EM simulator HFSS11 and developed. Comparing the measured performances with those resonant antennas, it is noticed that the proposed antenna achieves high bandwidth and further size reduction, higher e-ciency and easier manufacturing. The realized antenna has a compact size of 0:32‚0£0:20‚0£0:012‚0 (26:6mm£16:mm£1mm) at 3.65GHz, and operates over the frequency ranges 3.38{4.23GHz suitable for WiMAX applications. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.
Bayesian Tests for Goodness of Fit Using Tail Area Probabilities *

Classical goodness of fit tests, including exact permutation tests, are well-defined and calculable only if the test statistic is a pivotal quantity. Examples of problems where the classical approach fails include models with constraints, Bayesian models with strong prior distributions, hierarchical models, and missing data problems. Using posterior predictive distributions, we systematically explore the Bayesian counterparts of the classical tests for goodness-of-fit and their use in Bayesian model monitoring in the sense of Rubin (1984). The Bayesian formulation not only allows a tail-area probability (p-value) to be defined and calculated for any statistic, but also allows a test "statistic" to be a function of both data and unknown (nuisance) parameters (Meng, 1992). The latter allows us to propose the realized discrepancy test of goodness-of-fit, which directly measures the true discrepancy between data and the model, for any aspect of the model. We demonstrate how to compute the tail-area probability for the Bayesian test using simulatiorn, and compare different versions of the test using the x2 discrepancy for linear models. A frequency evaluation shows that, if the replication is defined by new parameters and new data, then the Type I error of an a-level Bayesian test is typically less than a, and will never exceed 2a. Also, the posterior predictive test is contrasted with prior predictive testing (Box, 1980). Three applied examples are considered. In the first example, which is used to motivate the work, we consider fitting the Poisson model to estimate a positron emission tomography image that is constrained to be all-nonnegative. The classical x2 test fails because the constrained model does not have a fixed number of degrees of freedom in the usual sense. Under the Bayesian approach, however, goodness-of-fit can be tested directly. The second and third examples illustrate the details of the Bayesian posterior predictive approach in two problems for which no classical procedure is available: estimation in a model with constraints on the parameters, and determining the number 'We thank Donald Rubin for helpful discussions, Giuseppe Russo for the mortality rate example, Jerome Kagan, Nancy Snidman and Doreen Arcus for the infant temperament study data, and the National Science Foundation for financial support.
Multisensory convergence in auditory cortex, I. Cortical connections of the caudal superior temporal plane in macaque monkeys

The caudal medial auditory area (CM) has anatomical and physiological features consistent with its role as a first‐stage (or “belt”) auditory association cortex. It is also a site of multisensory convergence, with robust somatosensory and auditory responses. In this study, we investigated the cerebral cortical sources of somatosensory and auditory inputs to CM by injecting retrograde tracers in macaque monkeys. A companion paper describes the thalamic connections of CM (Hackett et al., J. Comp. Neurol. [this issue]). The likely cortical sources of somatosensory input to CM were the adjacent retroinsular cortex (area Ri) and granular insula (Ig). In addition, CM had reliable connections with areas Tpt and TPO, which are sites of multisensory integration. CM also had topographic connections with other auditory areas. As expected, connections with adjacent caudal auditory areas were stronger than connections with rostral areas. Surprisingly, the connections with the core were concentrated along its medial side, suggesting that there may be a medial‐lateral division of function within the core. Additional injections into caudal lateral auditory area (CL) and Tpt showed similar connections with Ri, Ig, and TPO. In contrast to CM injections, these lateral injections had inputs from parietal area 7a and had a preferential connection with the lateral (gyral) part of Tpt. Taken together, the findings indicate that CM may receive somatosensory input from nearby areas along the fundus of the lateral sulcus. The differential connections of CM compared with adjacent areas provide additional evidence for the functional specialization of the individual auditory belt areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:894–923, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single Event Transient Suppressor for Flip-Flops

Some single event upset (SEU)-hardened flip-flops cannot mitigate single event transients (SET) that come from the upstream combinational circuits and propagate to the data inputs of flip-flops near the capturing clock edge. This paper presents a SET suppressor that can mitigate such SETs. By adjusting the clock edge timing so that the flip-flop captures data when the data returns to a correct state, the SET suppressor protects a flip-flop against SETs. The clock edge timing adjustment results in flip-flop delay. However, the SET suppressor almost does not introduce flip-flop delay when no SET occurs near the capturing clock edge, which is a great majority of time.
Traffic-aware scheduling and feedback reporting in wireless networks

La demande des systemes de communication sans fil pour des debits eleves continue d'augmenter, et il n'y a pas de signes que cette tendance va se ralentir. Trois des techniques les plus importantes qui ont emerge pour repondre a de telles demandes sont l'OFDMA, le relais cooperatif et le MIMO. Afin d'utiliser pleinement les capacites des systemes appliquant de telles techniques, il est essentiel de developper des algorithmes efficaces d'ordonnancement et, plus generalement, des algorithmes efficaces d'allocation de ressources. Les etudes classiques sur ce sujet examinent des systemes ou les demandes de donnees des utilisateurs ne sont pas prises en consideration et/ou un CSI parfait et complet est supposee etre disponible pour le mecanisme d'ordonnancement. Cependant, dans la pratique, differentes limitations peuvent entrainer l'absence d'une connaissance parfaite et/ou complete du CSI, telles que les ressources limitees pour le feedback, le co^ut de sondage et le retard dans le processus de feedback.Par consequent, dans cette these nous examinons les problemes d'ordonnancement et de feedback sous des considerations realistes concernant la connaissance du CSI. L'analyse est effectuee au niveau des paquets et considere la dynamique des files d'attente avec des processus d'arrivee arbitraires, et ou la mesure de performance principale que nous adoptons est la stabilite des files d'attente. La premiere partie de la these considere un systeme MIMO multipoint a multipoint utilisant le mode TDD, tout en supposant un backhaul a capacite limitee et en tenant compte du cout du feedback. En ce qui concerne la technique de gestion de l'interference, nous appliquons l'alignement d'interference (IA) si plus d'une paire sont actives et SVD si une seule paire est active. La deuxieme partie de la these considere un systeme OFDMA avec plusieurs utilisateurs et canaux, ou un feedback retarde et limite est pris en compte. Deux scenarios sont etudies, a savoir le systeme sans relais et le systeme avec relais. Pour ce dernier, nous considerons une imperfection supplementaire supposant que les utilisateurs ont une connaissance incomplete des coefficients du fading entre la station de base et le relais.
Antibacterial behaviour of root extracts of Tragia involucrata L . in gradient extraction

Tragia involucrata has been widely used for treating different diseases in ancient systems of medication. Tribal people use the plant root in controlling skin infections and asthma. In the this study, roots of Tragia involucrata checked for antibacterial nature and the occupancy of phytochemical constituents in discrete solvent extracts in accelerating polarity with respect to disease producing bacterial species implicated in skin diseases in human beings. Antibacterial activity tested by disc diffusion method. The results pointed out that the roots showed antibacterial power mainly in acetone extract. Petroleum ether and water extracts could not present a little antibacterial ability towards all of the tested organisms. As the extraction proceeded from non-polar to polar solvents, gradual reduction in activity was noticed. Phytochemical analysis indicated that phenolics and flavonoids were predominant in acetone extracts. Presence of phenols and flavonoids in acetone decoction can be considered as one of the judgements for antibacterial potential of roots Tragia involucrata. Acetone extract of roots of the plant manifested minimum inhibitory concentration around 50mg/ml. Acetone extract of roots of the plant demonstrated minimum bactericidal concentration at the rate of 100mg/ml with respect to Pseudomonas aerugenosa.
Assessing children with profound hearing loss and severe language delay: getting a broader picture

Abstract Six children with profound hearing loss and severe language delay participated in this pilot study. Four of the children used a Nucleus multi-channel cochlear implant only, while two wore binaural hearing aids. All the children had been diagnosed at an early age, fitted with a sensory device soon after, had considerable device experience and had attended an auditory oral early intervention setting. All the children were identified as having slower-than-expected development of spoken language. The study identified a number of potentially contributory factors including: inconsistency of device use and low levels of functioning on conversational attentiveness, speech perception, speech intelligibility, pragmatics, social competence, behaviour and temperament.
The Irish and substance abuse.

This chapter introduces the clinician to the Irish people and to the key cultural features of their history and offers insight into the role of alcohol in Irish life and the current use of other substances in Ireland. Common treatment issues are reviewed and cultural guidelines are recommended. This chapter chiefly focuses on the Catholic Irish, for whom their ethnic identity is still a highly significant aspect of their lives. The author argues that, when handled with sensitivity, Irish Americans will embrace abstinence more easily than other ethnic groups. The key is to appreciate indirect language so that a therapeutic relationship can be established. A willingness to "talk around" an issue will usually be beneficial. Over time, the therapeutic process can become more direct, although increasing emotional awareness may be a slow process.