Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Information, Financing Constraints, and Investment

The results of a number of theoretical papers lead to the hypothesis that financial variables affect capital sp ending because of asymmetric information in capital markets. The auth ors review the relevant theory and test this hypothesis with a large sample of firm data. The results show that financial variables such a s cash flow and interest expense add significant explanatory power to investment equations based on Dale Jorgenson's neoclassical model, w ith a CAPM specification for the firm's cost of capital, and a sales- accelerator model. The analysis, therefore, links recent theoretical work on capital markets to long-standing empirical debates in the inv estment literature. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.
The UK consumption function and structural instability: improving forecasting performance using a time-varying parameter approach

Previous studies indicate that the poor forecasting performance of constant parameter UK consumption expenditure models is caused by structural instability in the underlying data generating process. Typically, this instability is removed by reparameterization within the constant parameter framework. An alternative modelling strategy is to allow some, or all, of the parameters to vary over time. A UK non-durable consumption expenditure model with time-varying parameters is developed, based on the permanent income hypothesis of Friedman (1957). This model takes into account temporal changes in the average and marginal propensities to consume. The variation in the parameter estimates is given an economic interpretation in terms of the influence of omitted variables, namely UK financial liberalization and expectational changes. The forecasting performance of this model is superior to that of two widely used constant parameter models. Further tests show that, even if these constant parameter models are respecified as time varying parameter models, the authors' model still retains a superior forecasting performance.
Sustainability of External Imbalances: The Case of Malaysia

The understanding of the sustainable external imbalances over the 1961-2001 for Malaysia is presented in this paper. The empirical results clearly show that inflows and outflows share a common stochastic trend prior to the 1997 Asian crisis while in the post-crisis period the current account surpluses are on an unsustainable path. Our findings highlight the important role of imports (mainly intermediate inputs) in exports. For an economy that depends on export promotion for its growth process, imports are important in restoring external imbalances to its sustainable steady state path. As illustrated by the recent crisis, the large depreciation of the ringgit contributed to a decline in imports and for an economy that is highly dependent on imported capital, this means an economic slowdown.
Acquisition reconfiguration capability

Purpose – Acquiring knowledge‐intensive firms in order to gain access to their knowledge to innovate is not a strategy to achieve easily. Knowledge acquisitions demand that organizations integrate various dispersed knowledge‐based resources and thus share knowledge to innovate. However, despite the growing number of knowledge acquisitions an understanding regarding these knowledge sharing processes has remained absent. This paper argues that having an acquisition reconfiguration capability can be seen as a distinctive knowledge sharing ability of successful firms. The purpose of this paper is therefore to reveal the building blocks of such an acquisition reconfiguration capability in order to understand how to manage more successful knowledge acquisitions.Design/methodology/approach – The approach of the research is to the review relevant literature while addressing two questions: “Which mechanisms, practices, and functions enable post‐acquisition knowledge sharing? ”, and “How can these mechanisms, practi.
CMLS94 Trends on Water Risk Contamination by Pesticide at Two Field Crops over Areas of Aquifers at Amazon and Southeast Regions, Brazil

The absence of strategies for sustainable use and management of hydric resources is probably the main reason of several negative environmental impacts. Among them we can point out the inadequate use of pesticides on crop fields located over vulnerable areas. Due to this, the assessment of water risk contamination potential in aquifers has extreme importance to drive practices in order to reduce undesirable contaminations. In the present work we use CMLS-94 simulator to evaluate the vertical movement of pesticides through soils in agricultural catchments over areas of aquifers in Brazil. 2-4D acid, dimethoate, prochloraz, methamidophos and carbendazim applied in yellow passion fruit were studied in loamy/clayey kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Typic Hapludult, sandy/loamy, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Typic Hapludult, and loamy, oxidic, isohyperthermic Typic Kandiustox soils at the Igarapé Cumarú catchment, Pará State, where Pós-Barreira Aquifer is present. Additionally we studied the movement of hexazinone applied in sugarcane field crop in a Typic Eutrorthox soil in the Esparaiado catchment, where Guarani aquifer is present. The results of this study helped to prioritize local monitoring in terms of surface and groundwater pesticides contamination potential, as well as, that none of the studied pesticides presented any potential to contaminate the aquifers, when considered the evaluated scenarios.
Monitoring the mean of multivariate financial time series

Timely detection of changes in the mean vector of multivariate financial time series is of great practical importance. In this paper, the covariance dynamics of the multivariate stochastic processes is assessed by either the RiskMetrics approach, the constant conditional correlation, or the dynamic conditional correlation models. For online monitoring of mean changes, we introduce several control schemes based on exponential smoothing and cumulative sums, which explicitly account for heteroscedasticity. The detecting ability of the introduced charts is compared for different processes in a Monte Carlo simulation study. The empirical study illustrates monitoring of changes in the mean vector of daily returns of exchange rates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Relationships between Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Korea

type="main"> This paper examines the short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between exchange rates and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Korea. Monthly data retrieved from the Bank of Korea from January 1999 to March 2012 are examined. A cointegration test, a vector error correction model, the Wald test and impulse responses techniques are applied to analyze the data. The present study finds that, first, long-run causation between exchange rates and FDI flows exists, which implies that a change in exchange rates negatively affects FDI flows in the long run. Second, short-run causation between exchange rates and FDI flows exists, which confirms that there is reciprocal feedback between the two variables. Finally, the study finds evidence of a structural break from the global financial crisis of 2007–2009 shock to FDI flows in Korea. An external shock affects changes in the endogenous variables and, thus, causes instability in the cointegrating vector in the system.
Utilizing performance measurement to modernize the Greek public sector

Purpose – In the context of the Greek public sector, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors under which performance management and measurement systems (PMMS) work in a functional way and push through the modernization process.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the results of a qualitative research undertaken in the Greek public administration. The STAIR (strategy, targets, assignment, implementation, results) model was used as a conceptual tool for critical reflection on the issue of performance management and measurement.Findings – The qualitative research identified three groups of factors to be important in turning the PMS from a symbolic exercise to an effective tool for administrative reform: the cognitive, the behavioral and the ethical elements of the PMS. The quantitative approach specified the nature of these three groups of factors and revealed 11 factors in total that play crucial roles in the organizational success.Originality/value – The paper helps researchers .
ANALYSIS OF ACUTE EXPLOSIVE TRAINING MODALITIES TO IMPROVE LOWER‐BODY POWER IN BASEBALL PLAYERS

Complex training is the simultaneous combination of heavy resistance training and plyometrics. The objective of this study was to test the effects of complex training vs. heavy resistance or plyometric interventions alone on various power-specific performance measures. Forty-five male division II junior college baseball players participated in 3 separate 4-week resistance training interventions. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups. In a counterbalanced rotation design, each group participated in complex, heavy resistance, and plyometric training interventions. Each individual was tested in 20-yd (SP20), 40-yd (SP40), 60-yd (SP60), vertical jump, standing broad jump, and T-agility measures pre– and post–4-week training interventions. There was no statistical significant difference (p = 0.11) between groups across all performance measures. Review of each distinct training intervention revealed greater percent improvements in SP20 (0.55; −0.49; −0.12), SP40 (0.26; −0.72; −1.33), SP60 (0.27; 0.15; −0.27), standing broad jump (1.80; 0.67; 1.1), and T-agility (2.33; 1.23; −0.04) with complex training interventions than with the heavy resistance or plyometric training interventions, respectively. Plyometric-only training showed greater percent changes in vertical jump (1.90) than with complex (0.97) or heavy resistance training (0.36). The present results indicate that complex training can provide strength and conditioning professionals equal, if not slightly greater, improvements in muscular power than traditional heavy resistance– and plyometric-only interventions in moderately trained athletes. Complex training can be another valuable method for short-term power and speed improvements in athletes in isolation or in conjunction with other power development methods.
Juvenile Visual Callosal Axons in Kittens Display Origin‐and Fate‐related Morphology and Distribution of Arbors

In kittens, callosal axons originating either from medial area 17 (transient axons) or near the 17/18 border (mostly permanent axons) were labelled with anterogradely transported biocytin; they were reconstructed by computer from serial sections, and their morphologies compared at different ages. During the first and second postnatal weeks both sets of axons branched profusely in the white matter of the lateral gyrus and the number of branches increased with age. The most common type of axon ending was the growth cone; others may have been collapsing growth cones, branches in the process of elimination or early synaptic boutons. Axons from medial area 17 distributed over a broad territory, including the 17/18 border where callosal axons terminate in the adult cat, but without aiming specifically at any one area. The majority of axons and their branches terminated in the white matter or at the bottom of layer VI; exceptionally they extended further into the cortex. Most of the axons originating near the 17/18 border were different from those described above, and the difference increased with age. Although they also terminated profusely in the white matter of the lateral gyrus, most of the branches terminated near the contralateral 17/18 border; they frequently entered the grey matter up to the superficial layers and branched into it. During the third week, axons from medial area 17 were rarely found to extend beyond the corpus callosum, probably because they were in the process of being eliminated. In contrast, axons originating near the 17/18 border had increased their number of branches in the grey matter. In conclusion, during the first and second postnatal weeks axons grew and differentiated according to their origin, and this anticipated whether they would be maintained or eliminated. Neurotrophic signals, possibly from the white matter or the subplate, and growth‐inhibiting signals from area 17 may be involved in this process.
Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern German Political Thought, 1790-1800

"They join the greatest boldness in thought to the most obedient character". So Madame de Stael described German intellectuals at the close of the 18th century, and her view of this schism between the intellectual and the political has stood virtually unchallenged for 200 years. This book lays to rest Madam de Stael's legacy, the myth of the apolitical German. In a narrative history of ideas that proceeds from his book "The Fate of Reason", Frederick Beiser discusses how the French Revolution, with a rationalism and an irrationalism that altered the world, transformed and politicized German philosophy and its central concern: the authority and limits of reason. In Germany, three antithetical political traditions - liberalism, conservatism, and romanticism - developed in response to the cataclysmic events in France. "Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism" establishes the genesis and context of these traditions and illuminates their fundamental political ideas. Moving from such well-known figures as Kant, Fichte, Jacobi, Forster, and Moser, Beiser summarizes responses to the French Revolution by the major political thinkers of the period. He investigates the sources for their political theory before the 1790s and assesses the importance of politics for their thought in general. By concentrating on a single formative decade, Beiser aims to reveal the political values and purposes underlying German thought in the late 18th century and ultimately to clarify the place of practical reason in the German philosophical tradition.
Improving the land use specification in the GTAP model

This working paper documents a development of the standard Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model to improve the way agricultural land supply is represented in the model and to make it more useful for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of products. The usefulness of the modifications is demonstrated by analysing changes in global wheat supply and consequences for agricultural land use caused by an increase in US household demand for wheat. We find that the impacts of the modifications are small in terms of the global wheat supply responses, but considerable in terms of land use changes. We therefore conclude that improving the way agricultural land supply is represented in the model is crucial whenever land use changes are of interest, whereas the standard GTAP model is a reasonable approximation in analyses that do not focus on agricultural land resources. 1 Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen 2 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Section for Innovation and Sustainability
Protein 4.1R Influences Myogenin Protein Stability and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation*

Protein 4.1R (4.1R) isoforms are expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. 4.1R is a component of the contractile apparatus. It is also associated with dystrophin at the sarcolemma in skeletal myofibers. However, the expression and function of 4.1R during myogenesis have not been characterized. We now report that 4.1R expression increases during C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Depletion of 4.1R impairs skeletal muscle differentiation and is accompanied by a decrease in the levels of myosin heavy and light chains and caveolin-3. Furthermore, the expression of myogenin at the protein, but not mRNA, level is drastically decreased in 4.1R knockdown myocytes. Similar results were obtained using MyoD-induced differentiation of 4.1R−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein is known to destabilize myogenin via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We show that 4.1R associates with VHL and, when overexpressed, reverses myogenin ubiquitination and stability. This suggests that 4.1R may influence myogenesis by preventing VHL-mediated myogenin degradation. Together, our results define a novel biological function for 4.1R in muscle differentiation and provide a molecular mechanism by which 4.1R promotes myogenic differentiation.
Measuring Gentrification and Displacement in Greater London

The use of aggregate data to understand the linkages between gentrification and displacement has been considered problematic because of a lack of refinement or closeness to the nature of these processes as well as lacking the ability to 'track' displacees. This paper presents the results of pioneering work designed to overcome these problems by combining cross-sectional census data with spatially re-aggregated longitudinal census data (the Longitudinal Study). Using established approaches to measure gentrification, via proxy measures, and devising others for its potential displacees, the work demonstrates a displacement effect clustered around gentrified wards. Attempts are made to quantify flows of displacement relative to city-wide changes over the decade. The paper concludes that, although replacement and displacement are difficult to distinguish, displacement appears prevalent for certain groups and this requires further research initiatives to explore a process that is socially and psychologically harmful.
Sources of interest in travel to the Olympic Games

This paper examines the applicability of Chalip's polysemic model when marketing the Olympic Games to a long-haul international tourist market. The model predicts that interest in Olympic spectating will derive from interest in Olympic narratives, symbols and genres (eg sport and spectacle). A sample of 378 adult Americans was surveyed following the 1996 Olympic Games. Respondents were asked to name the host city of the 2000 Olympic Games (a measure of awareness), their interest in travel to the 2000 Olympic Games, and their intent to travel to the 2000 Olympic Games. They were also asked to specify their interest in Olympic sports, non-Olympic championships, and Olympic narratives, genres and symbols. Awareness was predicted by education and interest in sports not typically shown on television. Interest in travel to the 2000 Olympic Games was predicted by age, education, interest in the closing ceremonies and interest in sports not typically shown on television. Intent was predicted by age. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of interest in Olympic sports identified eight clusters. Interest in track and field, the closing ceremonies and a cluster representing 17 minor Olympic sports predicted interest. Only interest in the cluster of minor sports predicted travel intent. Although interest in minor Olympic sports is central to interest in and intent to travel to the Olympic Games, it is poorly correlated with interest in high-profile non-Olympic sport events. Implications for marketing the Olympic Games to a long-haul international market are discussed.
Localized Auger Recombination in Quantum-Dot Lasers

We have calculated radiative and Auger recombination rates due to localized recombination in individual dots, for an ensemble of 106 dots with carriers occupying the inhomogeneous distribution of energy states according to global Fermi-Dirac statistics. The recombination rates cannot be represented by simple power laws, though the Auger rate has a stronger dependence on the ensemble electron population than radiative recombination. Using single-dot recombination probabilities which are independent of temperature, the ensemble recombination rates and modal gain decrease with increasing temperature at fixed population. The net effect is that the threshold current density increases with increasing temperature due to the increase in threshold carrier density. The most significant consequence of these effects is that the temperature dependence of the Auger recombination rate at threshold is much weaker than in quantum wells, being characterized by a T0 value of about 325 K. Observations of a strong temperature dependence of threshold in quantum dot lasers may have explanations other than Auger recombination, such as recombination from higher lying states, or carrier leakage.
Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for Chinese patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lung harboring EGFR mutation.

OBJECTIVE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation mostly occurred in lung adenocarcinoma, rarely in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). EGFR mutation rate in SQCC varied in previous reports, and the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in SQCC harboring EGFR mutation has not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy EGFR-TKIs for Chinese patients with SQCC of lung harboring EGFR mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two cohorts of patients were analyzed. The first cohort included 146 consecutive post-operation SQCC patients from January 2008 to October 2012. The second cohort included 63 patients with advanced SQCC receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment. EGFR mutation analysis was performed with Real-time PCR method. The pathologic diagnosis was validated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for patients harboring activated EGFR mutation. And the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SQCC) was evaluated in patients with activated EGFR mutations. RESULTS In the first cohort, 146 resected patients, EGFR mutations were detected in 3 patients, with the mutation rate of 2.0%. In cohort two, 63 patients treated with EGFR-TKIs, 15 patients possessed activated EGFR mutations. The response rate and disease control rate in these patients was 26.7% and 66.7% respectively. 5 patients had disease control over 6 months. The progression free survival (PFS) in EGFR-mutated patients was 3.9 months. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese SQCC patients, EGFR mutation rate was extremely low. EGFR-TKIs seemed to be less effective in EGFR-mutated SQCC patients, but some patients could still obtain benefit from EGFR-TKIs. To identify this part of patients, further study was warranted in the future.
Fusion4D: 4D Unencumbered Direct Manipulation and Visualization

It is possible to predict that sometime in the future, holographic interactive displays will be available as household commodities, requiring new interaction techniques. Fusion4D is our proposal for unencumbered direct manipulation interfaces involving three dimensions in physical space, as well as a fourth data-dependent dimension (such as time-varying information of an object.) A proof-of-concept prototype has been developed and subjected to user testing. The results of the tests indicate that there are some points for improvement, such as the visualization technology, but the system is well accepted by users.
The development and Reform of Social Security Pensions:The Approach of the International Labour Office

The reform and the development of pension schemes are affected by the values society places on the provision of income security in old age and the resources it is prepared to allocate for the purpose. This paper examines those values and the issues arising from them. The objective is to propose reforms which will simultaneously provide full coverage with good governance, prevent poverty in old age, and result in indexed, guaranteed and reliable pensions for those onaverage incomes, all with minimum economic distortion or adverse economic effects. The question of the most appropriate design has to be weighed against these other factors, which will determine not only what is feasible and what is not, but also where the most desirable balance lies. The optimum structure would seem to involve a mix of defined benefit and defined contribution schemes.