Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Essential Role of Fyn in the Modulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 in Neurons

Abstract Fyn is a member of the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and is broadly expressed in the CNS. As a synapse-enriched kinase, Fyn interacts with and phosphorylates local substrates to regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, although our knowledge of specific targets of Fyn at synaptic sites remains incomplete and the accurate role of Fyn in regulating synaptic proteins is poorly understood. In this study, we initiated an effort to explore the interaction of Fyn with a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). We found that recombinant Fyn directly binds to mGluR1a at a consensus binding motif located in the intracellular C-terminus (CT) of mGluR1a in vitro. Similarly, endogenous Fyn interacts with mGluR1a in adult rat cerebellar neurons in vivo. Active Fyn phosphorylates mGluR1a at a conserved tyrosine residue in the CT region. In cerebellar neurons and transfected HEK293T cells, the Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of mGluR1a is constitutively active and acts to facilitate the surface expression of mGluR1a and to potentiate the mGluR1a postreceptor signaling. These results support mGluR1a to be a novel substrate of Fyn. Fyn, by binding to and phosphorylating mGluR1a, potentiates surface expression and signaling of the receptors.
Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. X. Sequence features of the regions of 3,076,755 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC clones.

In our ongoing project to deduce the nucleotide sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5, non-redundant P1 and TAC clones have been sequenced on the basis of the fine physical map, and as of January, 2000, the sequences of 16.6 Mb representing approximately 60% of chromosome 5 have been accumulated and released at our web site. Along with the sequence determination, structural features of the sequenced regions have been analyzed by applying a variety of computer programs, and we already predicted a total of 2697 potential protein coding genes in the 11,166,130 bp regions, which are covered by 159 P1 and TAC clones. In this paper, we describe the structural features of the 3,076,755 bp regions covered by newly analyzed 60 P1 and TAC clones. A total of 715 potential protein coding genes were identified, giving an average density of the genes identified of 1 gene per 4001 bp. Introns were observed in 80% of the genes, and the average number per gene and the average length of the introns were 4.5 and 147 bp, respectively. These sequence features are nearly identical to those in our latest report in which the data were compiled based on a new standard of gene assignment including the computer-predicted hypothetical genes. The regions also contained 12 tRNA genes when searched by similarity to reported tRNA genes and the tRNA scan-SE program. The sequence data and information on the potential genes are available through the World Wide Web database KAOS (Kazusa Arabidopsis data Opening Site) at http://www.kazusa. or.jp/kaos/.
Les déterminants des faillites bancaires dans les pays en développement: le cas des pays de l'Union économique et monétaire Ouest-africaine (UEMOA)

L’objectif de ce papier est de determiner les facteurs susceptibles d’expliquer les faillites bancaires au sein de l’Union economique et monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) entre 1980 et 1995. Utilisant le modele logit conditionnel sur des donnees en panel, nos resultats montrent que les variables qui affectent positivement la probabilite de faire faillite des banques sont : i) le niveau d’endettement aupres de la banque centrale; ii) un faible niveau de comptes disponibles et a vue; iii) les portefeuilles d’effets commerciaux par rapport au total des credits; iv) le faible montant des depots a terme de plus de 2 ans a 10 ans par rapport aux actifs totaux; et v) le ratio actifs liquides sur actifs totaux. En revanche, les variables qui contribuent positivement sur la vraisemblance de survie des banques sont les suivantes : i) le ratio capital sur actifs totaux; ii) les benefices nets par rapport aux actifs totaux; iii) le ratio credit total sur actifs totaux; iv) les depots a terme a 2 ans par rapport aux actifs totaux; et v) le niveau des engagements sous forme de cautions et avals par rapport aux actifs totaux. Les ratios portefeuilles d’effets commerciaux et actifs liquides par rapport aux actifs totaux sont les variables qui expliquent la faillite des banques commerciales, alors que ce sont les depots a terme de plus de 2 ans a 10 ans qui sont a l’origine des faillites des banques de developpement. Ces faillites ont ete considerablement reduites par la creation en 1989 de la commission de reglementation bancaire regionale. Dans l’UEMOA, seule la variable affectee au Senegal semble contribuer positivement sur la probabilite de faire faillite.
Chimeric Hemagglutinin Influenza Virus Vaccine Constructs Elicit Broadly Protective Stalk-Specific Antibodies

ABSTRACT Current influenza virus vaccine strategies stimulate immune responses toward the globular head domain of the hemagglutinin protein in order to inhibit key steps of the virus life cycle. Because this domain is highly variable across strains, new vaccine formulations are required in most years. Here we demonstrate a novel vaccine strategy that generates immunity to the highly conserved stalk domain by using chimeric hemagglutinin constructs that express unique head and stalk combinations. By repeatedly immunizing mice with constructs that expressed the same stalk but an irrelevant head, we specifically stimulated a stalk-directed response that provided broad-based heterologous and heterosubtypic immunity in mice. Notably, our vaccination scheme provides a universal vaccine approach that protects against challenge with an H5 subtype virus. Furthermore, through in vivo studies using passively transferred antibodies or depletion of CD8+ T cells, we demonstrated the critical role that humoral mechanisms of immunity play in the protection observed. The present data suggest that a vaccine strategy based on the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin protein could be used in humans to broadly protect against a variety of influenza virus subtypes.
Quality of anticoagulation management among patients with atrial fibrillation: results of a review of medical records from 2 communities.

BACKGROUND Most treatment of patients at risk for stroke is provided in the ambulatory setting. Although many studies have addressed the proportion of eligible patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin sodium, few have addressed the quality of their anticoagulation management. OBJECTIVE As a comprehensive assessment of quality, we analyzed the proportion of eligible patients receiving warfarin, the proportion of time their international normalized ratios (INRs) were within the target range, and, when an out-of-target range INR value occurred, the time until the next INR measurement was made. METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records of 660 patients with AF managed by general internists and family practitioners in Rochester, NY, and the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. RESULTS Only 34.7% of eligible patients with AF received warfarin. The INR values were out of the target range approximately half the time, and the response to these values was not always timely. For all the measures considered, both Rochester practices with access to an anticoagulation service had higher (albeit not ideal) quality of warfarin management than the remaining practices. CONCLUSIONS We found significant deficiencies in the practice of warfarin management and suggestive evidence that anticoagulation services can partially ameliorate these deficiencies. More research is needed to describe the quality of anticoagulation management in typical practice and how this management can be improved.
Shadow MACs: scalable label-switching for commodity ethernet

While SDN promises fine-grained, dynamic control of the network, in practice limited switch TCAM rule space restricts most forwarding to be coarse-grained. As an alternative, we demonstrate that using destination MAC addresses as opaque forwarding labels allows an SDN controller to leverage large MAC (L2) forwarding tables to manage a plethora of fine-grained paths. In this shadow MAC model, the SDN controller can install MAC rewrite rules at the network edge to guide traffic on to intelligently selected paths to balance traffic, avoid failed links, or route flows through middleboxes. Further, by decoupling the network edge from the core, we address many other problems with SDN, including consistent network updates, fast rerouting, and multipathing with end-to-end control.
UK Youth Sport Coaches and Coaching Efficacy: an Exploration into the Perceived Development of Coaching Ability

The current study has three purposes. Firstly, to explore coaches’ perceptions of their abilities in leading athletes to success and what experiences have influenced their perceived competence (or game strategy efficacy). Secondly, to investigate the relationship between winning and development within the developmental youth sport context. Lastly, to discover whether the conclusions from previous studies apply to youth sport coaches within the UK. A new methodological approach called interpretive description was applied to gather data. Interpretive description is an approach that is characterised by creating meaning (knowledge) through the interchange between researcher and participant and extending a form of understanding that is of practical importance to the applied disciplines (Thorne, 2008). Data obtained highlighted sources and outcomes of coach efficacy within the UK developmental youth sport context, which both supported previous findings and identified novel features specific to this context. Also, results demonstrate coaches’ views on the relationship between winning and success is within this context, which challenges common notions surrounding the concept. Future research efforts should seek to build upon the current research to improve coaches’, sport programmers and researchers’ understandings of the relationship between the UK developmental youth sport context and coaching efficacy.
Unsupervised classification based on H/alpha decomposition and Wishart classifier for compact polarimetric SAR

In this paper, an unsupervised classification for compact polarimetry SAR (C-PolSAR) image is proposed by combining the H/α decomposition with the Wishart classifier. Firstly, H/α decomposition method is applied to the compact polarimetry (CP) data. By analyzing the different (H, a) values corresponding to the three compact polarimetry mode: the π/4, CL, and CC modes, we find that only in the CC mode, different scattering targets are distinguished well by (H, α) values. The decomposition results are used as the initial classification. Then the maximum likelihood classifier based on the complex Wishart distribution is adopted to classify the image iteratively. After four iterations, the classification results are much improved, and the classification details can be identified clearly. We use the AirSAR of San Francisco L-band data to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed classification method.
Structural Imbalance Promotes Behavior Analogous to Aesthetic Preference in Domestic Chicks

Background Visual images may be judged ‘aesthetic’ when their positioning appears imbalanced. An apparent imbalance may signify an as yet incomplete action or event requiring more detailed processing. As such it may refer to phylogenetically ancient stimulus-response mechanisms such as those mediating attentional deployment. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied preferences for structural balance or imbalance in week-old domestic chicks (Gallus gallus), using a conditioning procedure to reinforce pecking at either “aligned” (balanced) or “misaligned” (imbalanced) training stimuli. A testing phase with novel balanced and imbalanced stimuli established whether chicks would retain their conditioned behavior or revert to chance responding. Whereas those trained on aligned stimuli were equally likely to choose aligned or misaligned stimuli, chicks trained on misaligned stimuli maintained the trained preference. Conclusions/Significance Our results are consistent with the idea that the coding of structural imbalance is primary and even overrides classical conditioning. Generalized to the humans, these results suggest aesthetic judgments based upon structural imbalance may be based on evolutionarily ancient mechanisms, which are shared by different vertebrate species.
Mood in daily contexts : Relationship with risk in early adolescence

Disturbances in affect have been linked to problem behavior in adolescence and future psychopathology, but little is known about how such disturbances manifest themselves in everyday contexts. This study investigated daily mood in Dutch 7th graders, aged 11–14. Cluster analysis of problem measures distinguished high-risk (n=25) and low-risk (n=106) subgroups. Participants completed experience-sampling reports of mood, social context, and location nine times daily for 5 days. Multilevel regression analyses of four mood measures confirmed higher anxiety and depressed mood in the high-risk group. Moods varied by location and social context, with significant differences between groups in two specific social contexts. First, when with family, low-risk adolescents felt less depressed than when alone, whereas high-risk adolescents felt more depressed. Second, high-risk adolescents showed more pronounced anxiety in social situations outside the network of family and friends. These findings point to everyday social contexts in which young adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems appear to be particularly vulnerable.
Using Computer-Assisted Instruction and the Nonverbal Reading Approach to Teach Word Identification

This study determined if the use of computer-assisted instruction Would be an effective method to promote Word identification using the Nonverbal Reading Approach (NRA). Three students With severe speech impairments and concomitant physical disabilities or autism Were provided decoding and Word identification instruction using the NRA across three conditions simulating the natural progression of classroom instruction from teacher-directed to computer-assisted instruction. The three conditions Were (a) teacher only, (b) teacher plus computer-assisted instruction, and (c) computer-assisted instruction only. All participants reached criteria in each of the three conditions. Results indicate that the NRA can be effectively delivered through computer-assisted instruction, thus freeing up teacher time and providing students With the ability to practice decoding and Word identification independently.
An information-based sequence distance and its application to whole mitochondrial genome phylogeny

MOTIVATION Traditional sequence distances require an alignment and therefore are not directly applicable to the problem of whole genome phylogeny where events such as rearrangements make full length alignments impossible. We present a sequence distance that works on unaligned sequences using the information theoretical concept of Kolmogorov complexity and a program to estimate this distance. RESULTS We establish the mathematical foundations of our distance and illustrate its use by constructing a phylogeny of the Eutherian orders using complete unaligned mitochondrial genomes. This phylogeny is consistent with the commonly accepted one for the Eutherians. A second, larger mammalian dataset is also analyzed, yielding a phylogeny generally consistent with the commonly accepted one for the mammals. AVAILABILITY The program to estimate our sequence distance, is available at http://www.cs. cityu.edu. hk/~cssamk/gencomp/GenCompress1.htm. The distance matrices used to generate our phylogenies are available at http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mli/distance.html.
Standing beat-to-beat blood pressure variability is reduced among fallers in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Study

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between falls and beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) variability. Continuous noninvasive BP measurement is as accurate as invasive techniques. We evaluated beat-to-beat supine and standing BP variability (BPV) using time and frequency domain analysis from noninvasive continuous BP recordings. A total of 1218 older adults were selected. Continuous BP recordings obtained were analyzed to determine standard deviation (SD) and root mean square of real variability (RMSRV) for time domain BPV and fast-Fourier transform low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power spectral density (PSD), and LF:HF ratio for frequency domain BPV. Comparisons were performed between 256 (21%) individuals with at least 1 fall in the past 12 months and nonfallers. Fallers were significantly older (P = .007), more likely to be female (P = .006), and required a longer time to complete the Timed-Up and Go test (TUG) and frailty walk test (P ⩽ .001). Standing systolic BPV (SBPV) was significantly lower in fallers compared to nonfallers (SBPV-SD, P = .016; SBPV-RMSRV, P = .033; SBPV-LF, P = .003; SBPV-total PSD, P = .012). Nonfallers had significantly higher supine to standing ratio (SSR) for SBPV-SD, SBPV-RMSRV, and SBPV-total PSD (P = .017, P = .013, and P = .009). In multivariate analyses, standing BPV remained significantly lower in fallers compared to nonfallers after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, frailty walk, and supine systolic BP. The reduction in frequency-domain SSR among fallers was attenuated by supine systolic BP, TUG, and frailty walk. In conclusion, reduced beat-to-beat BPV while standing is independently associated with increased risk of falls. Changes between supine and standing BPV are confounded by supine BP and walking speed.
Efectos de la Rumiación y la Preocupación en el Desarrollo de Sintomatología Depresiva y Ansiosa en Estudiantes Universitarios de la Ciudad de Concepción, Chile Depressive Rumination and Worry in the Development of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in University Students

Both rumination and worry are repetitive and unproductive cognitive processes. Different studies have shown their negative impact on emotional wellbeing. This investigation evaluates the infl uence of depressive rumination (including its subfactors: refl ection and negative rumination), and worry in the development of depressive symptoms in a sample of 226 college students. Two measurements were performed with a time lag of 1 month between the fi rst and second. The results showed a relationship between high levels of depressive rumination and worry and high levels of depressive and anxious symptoms. However, having being statistically controlled the initial depressive or anxious symptomatology, only depressive rumination showed a signifi cant relationship with the assessed symptomatology in the follow-up, exclusively with anxiety. It was observed a mediator role of rumination and concern in the differences of gender in anxious and depressive symptoms. These results stress the need for special consideration of these types of repetitive thoughts on preventive programs and treatment of depression.
Chondrogenesis of Human Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells on Acellular Dermal Matrix

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been in clinical use for decades in numerous surgical applications. The ability for ADM to promote cellular repopulation, revascularisation and tissue regeneration is well documented. Adipose stem cells have the ability to differentiate into mesenchymal tissue types, including bone and cartilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interaction between ADM and adipose stem cells in vitro using TGFβ3 and BMP6. Human infrapatellar fat pad-derived adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASC) were cultured with ADM derived from rat dermis in chondrogenic (TGFβ3 and BMP6) medium in vitro for 2 and 4 weeks. Histology, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess for markers of chondrogenesis (collagen Type II, SOX9 and proteoglycans). At 4 weeks, cell-scaffold constructs displayed cellular changes consistent with chondrogenesis, with evidence of stratification of cell layers and development of a hyaline-like cartilage layer superficially, which stained positively for collagen Type II and proteoglycans. Significant cell–matrix interaction was seen between the cartilage layer and the ADM itself with seamless integration between each layer. Real time qPCR showed significantly increased COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN gene expression over 4 weeks when compared to control. COL1A2 gene expression remained unchanged over 4 weeks. We believe that the principles that make ADM versatile and successful for tissue regeneration are applicable to cartilage regeneration. This study demonstrates in vitro the ability for IPFP-ASCs to undergo chondrogenesis, infiltrate, and interact with ADM. These outcomes serve as a platform for in vivo modelling of ADM for cartilage repair.
Over-observed? What Is The Quality Of This New Digital Legal World?

Much research and debate has focussed on the value of CCTV and the associated criminological aspects such as whether crime is reduced, or simply displaced, by its use. The aim of this paper is not to enter into this debate, but to examine the evidential value of the new digital technologies accompanying the CCTV phenomenon. Likewise, the civil liberties and human rights issues relating to the over-observation of our brave new world have been raised and discussed widely in many fora and do not require further examination in this context.
Camera-based navigation of a low-cost quadrocopter

In this paper, we describe a system that enables a low-cost quadrocopter coupled with a ground-based laptop to navigate autonomously in previously unknown and GPS-denied environments. Our system consists of three components: a monocular SLAM system, an extended Kalman filter for data fusion and state estimation and a PID controller to generate steering commands. Next to a working system, the main contribution of this paper is a novel, closed-form solution to estimate the absolute scale of the generated visual map from inertial and altitude measurements. In an extensive set of experiments, we demonstrate that our system is able to navigate in previously unknown environments at absolute scale without requiring artificial markers or external sensors. Furthermore, we show (1) its robustness to temporary loss of visual tracking and significant delays in the communication process, (2) the elimination of odometry drift as a result of the visual SLAM system and (3) accurate, scale-aware pose estimation and navigation.
Roughness Effects on Nucleate Pool Boiling of R-113 on Horizontal Circular Copper Surfaces

— The present paper is an experimental investigation of roughness effects on nucleate pool boiling of refrigerant R113 on horizontal circular copper surfaces. The copper samples were treated by different sand paper grit sizes to achieve different surface roughness. The average surface roughness of the four samples was 0.901, 0.735, 0.65, and 0.09, respectively. The experiments were performed in the heat flux range of 8 to 200kW/m 2 . The heat transfer coefficient was calculated by measuring wall superheat of the samples and the input heat flux. The results show significant improvement of heat transfer coefficient as the surface roughness is increased. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient of the sample with Ra=0.901 is 3.4, 10.5, and 38.5% higher in comparison with surfaces with Ra of 0.735, 0.65, and 0.09 at heat flux of 170 kW/m 2 . Moreover, the results are compared with literature data and the well known Cooper correlation.