Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable Photosymbiotic Relationship under CO2-Induced Acidification in the Acoel Worm Symsagittifera Roscoffensis

As a consequence of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, oceans are becoming more acidic, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification. Many marine species predicted to be sensitive to this stressor are photosymbiotic, including corals and foraminifera. However, the direct impact of ocean acidification on the relationship between the photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organism remains unclear and is complicated by other physiological processes known to be sensitive to ocean acidification (e.g. calcification and feeding). We have studied the impact of extreme pH decrease/pCO2 increase on the complete life cycle of the photosymbiotic, non-calcifying and pure autotrophic acoel worm, Symsagittifera roscoffensis. Our results show that this species is resistant to high pCO2 with no negative or even positive effects on fitness (survival, growth, fertility) and/or photosymbiotic relationship till pCO2 up to 54 K µatm. Some sub-lethal bleaching is only observed at pCO2 up to 270 K µatm when seawater is saturated by CO2. This indicates that photosymbiosis can be resistant to high pCO2. If such a finding would be confirmed in other photosymbiotic species, we could then hypothesize that negative impact of high pCO2 observed on other photosymbiotic species such as corals and foraminifera could occur through indirect impacts at other levels (calcification, feeding).
Phytochrome B in the Mesophyll Delays Flowering by Suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Arabidopsis Vascular Bundles

Light is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the timing of a plant's transition from the vegetative to reproductive, or flowering, phase. Not only daylength but also the spectrum of light greatly affect flowering. The shade of nearby vegetation reduces the ratio of red to far-red light and can trigger shade avoidance responses, including stem elongation and the acceleration of flowering. Phytochrome B (phyB) acts as a photoreceptor for this response. Physiological studies have suggested that leaves can perceive and respond to shade. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the processing of light signals within leaves. In this study, we used an enhancer-trap system to establish Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines that express phyB–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in tissue-specific manners. The analysis of these lines demonstrated that phyB-GFP in mesophyll cells affected flowering, whereas phyB-GFP in vascular bundles did not. Furthermore, mesophyll phyB-GFP suppressed the expression of a key flowering regulator, FLOWERING LOCUS T, in the vascular bundles of cotyledons. Hence, a novel intertissue signaling from mesophyll to vascular bundles is revealed as a critical step for the regulation of flowering by phyB.
Moore on Ethical Naturalism*

G. E. Moore is famous for having rejected ethical naturalism, the thesis that ethical properties are purely natural properties, or that ethical assertions are about purely natural matters of fact. Although his published arguments against this view occur primarily in his early Principia Ethica, it is clear that his opposition was life long. In his well-known exchange with Charles Stevenson in The Philosophy of G. E. Moore, Moore not only told Stevenson how to improve the formulation of his theory as a purely expressivist doctrine but indicated a certain limited attraction toward the theory when so improved. But in nothing he published did he ever waver in this manner with respect to any naturalist position. (Indeed, what he suggested to Stevenson that he abandon in his position was precisely its naturalist element, that turned ascriptions of goodness to objects partly into naturalistic autobiographical reports.) It is also a mark of Moore’s influence that, a century after the publication of Principia Ethica, ethical naturalism is typically still understood by academic philosophers to be either the doctrine I have just stated or else some variant that Moore himself saw as closely related, for example, that some ethical term is synonymous with an expression constructed from an identifiably naturalistic and appropriately reductive
Doping-dependent charge order correlations in electron-doped cuprates

Resonant x-ray scattering clarifies the link between charge order and magnetism/superconductivity in n-doped cuprates. Understanding the interplay between charge order (CO) and other phenomena (for example, pseudogap, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity) is one of the central questions in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The discovery that similar forms of CO exist in both hole- and electron-doped cuprates opened a path to determine what subset of the CO phenomenology is universal to all the cuprates. We use resonant x-ray scattering to measure the CO correlations in electron-doped cuprates (La2−xCexCuO4 and Nd2−xCexCuO4) and their relationship to antiferromagnetism, pseudogap, and superconductivity. Detailed measurements of Nd2−xCexCuO4 show that CO is present in the x = 0.059 to 0.166 range and that its doping-dependent wave vector is consistent with the separation between straight segments of the Fermi surface. The CO onset temperature is highest between x = 0.106 and 0.166 but decreases at lower doping levels, indicating that it is not tied to the appearance of antiferromagnetic correlations or the pseudogap. Near optimal doping, where the CO wave vector is also consistent with a previously observed phonon anomaly, measurements of the CO below and above the superconducting transition temperature, or in a magnetic field, show that the CO is insensitive to superconductivity. Overall, these findings indicate that, although verified in the electron-doped cuprates, material-dependent details determine whether the CO correlations acquire sufficient strength to compete for the ground state of the cuprates.
THE RENAL CLEARANCES OF SUBSTITUTED HIPPURIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND OTHER AROMATIC ACIDS IN DOG AND MAN.

The efficiency with which diodrast (3, 5-diiodo-4-pyridone-1-acetic acid) and hippuran (oiodohippuric acid) are excreted by the renal tubules (1, 2) raises the question to what extent the organically-bound iodine in these molecules is responsible for the phenomenon of tubular excretion. Since suitable quantitative methods for the determination of unsubstituted compounds wvere not available, substituted derivatives of hippuric acid which could be determined by appropriate coupling reactions were prepared 2 and studied under conditions permitting the exact comparison of renal clearances with those of diodrast atnd hippuran. Methods of comparing clearances. When two substances, both of which are excreted by the tubules, are presented to the tubular excretory mechanism simultaneously, one substance may depress the tubular excretion of the other (2, 3). 3 Consequently, in the absence of information to
ANALYSIS OF THE PROLIFERATION KINETICS OF BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA CELLS

The in vitro proliferation kinetics of a cell line derived from a patient with American Burkitt's lymphoma were investigated at three different growth phases: lag (day 1), exponential (day 3) and plateau (day 5). The growth curve, labeling and mitotic indices, percentage labeled mitosis (PLM) curves and DNA content distributions were determined. The data obtained have been analysed by the previously developed discrete‐time kinetic (DTK) model by which a time course of DNA distributions during a 10‐day growth period was characterized in terms of other cell kinetic parameters. The mean cell cycle times, initially estimated from PLM curves on days 1, 3 and 5, were further analysed by the DTK model of DNA distributions and subsequently the mean cell cycle times with respect to DNA distributions during the entire growth period were determined. The doubling times were 39·6, 31·2 and 67·2 hr, respectively, at days 1, 3 and 5. The mean cell cycle time increased from 23·0 to 37·7 hr from day 3 to day 5 mainly due to an elongation of the G1 and G2 phases. A slight increase in the cell loss rate from 0·0077 to 0·0081 fraction/hr was accompanied by a decrease in the cell production rate from 0·0299 to 0·0184 fraction/hr. This calculated cell loss rate correlated significantly with the number of dead cells determined by trypan blue exclusion. Analysis of the number of dead cells in relation to the cell cycle stage revealed that a majority of cell death occurred in G1 (r= 0·908; P < 0·0001). There was a good correlation between the in vitro proliferation kinetics at plateau phase of this Burkitt's lymphoma derived cell line and the in vivo proliferation kinetics of African Burkitt's lymphoma (Iversen et al., 1974), suggesting the potential utility of information obtained by in vitro kinetic studies.
A Possible Approach for Implementing Self-Awareness in JASON

In Philosophy, the term awareness is often associated to theories of consciousness and self-referential behavior. In computer science, the awareness is a topic of increasing relevance in both Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, being closely related to autonomy and proactiveness. We can distinguish two orders of awareness: the first order is the awareness of the environment also known as context-awareness; conversely, self-awareness is a higher order awareness (knowledge about one’s own mental states). Nowadays, many agent oriented languages offer native instruments to implement context-awareness. However, self-awareness is not adequately supported and it requires further considerations. This paper focuses on implementation techniques, based on JASON, for creating software agents able to dynamically reason about their knowledge of the environment, as well as on their missions, capabilities and current execution state.
Nash Equilibria in Load Balancing in Distributed Computer Systems

The use of game theoretical techniques has been quite successful in describing routing in networks, both in road traffic applications as well as in telecommunication networks applications. We study in this paper a third area of applications of such games, which is load balancing in distributed computer systems. One of the most important questions that arise in all applications of routing games is the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium. Whereas the existence of Nash equilibrium is known for general models of networks under weak assumptions, uniqueness results are only known for very special applications, i.e., either for very special cost functions or for very special topologies. We establish in this paper the uniqueness of an equilibrium for routing games with topologies that model well distributed computer systems, under quite general assumptions on the costs.
The Relationship Between Diet, Body Composition, and Grip Strength in Professional Cheerleaders

THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET, BODY COMPOSITION, AND GRIP STRENGTH IN PROFESSIONAL CHEERLEADERS Moriah Bellissimo, Dan Benardot, Anita Nucci, Walter Thompson Background: Studies suggest that there is a relationship between 24-hour and within-day energy balance and body composition. In sports with value placed on weight and appearance, an increased prevalence of energy deficiency has been found, which has multiple health and performance implications. In particular, low energy availability is associated with higher body fat percent and lower muscle and bone mass, all of which negatively influence performance. This study assessed professional cheerleaders on dietary intake, within-day and 24-hour energy balance, protein consumption, body composition, and handgrip strength. Professional cheerleaders have not been previously studied on these factors. Objective: To assess dietary intake, body composition, and grip strength of professional cheerleaders on an active roster and investigate relationships between these factors. Our investigation focused on assessing if long periods of energy balance deficits are associated with reduced grip strength and higher body fat percent, and if protein consumption patterns are associated with grip strength and body composition. Methods: The study population consisted of 19 women, ages 18-32 yr. (mean = 25.4 yr.), who were interviewed to obtain a one-day recall of dietary intake and energy expenditures to determine dietary/nutrient intake and hourly energy balance using the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference and a relative intensity activity scale (NutriTiming® LLC). Multi-current, 8-mode segmental bioelectric impedance analysis was used to predict body composition, and handgrip strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer. Results: Dietary inadequacies in energy (p<0.001) and carbohydrate (p<0.001) were significantly below recommended values. Subjects with the lowest body fat percent had significantly higher energy intakes (p=0.011), spent more time in an anabolic state (p=0.048), less time in a catabolic state (p=0.048), had more eating opportunities of up to 30-grams protein (p=0.015), and consumed more their protein while in a positive energy balance (p=0.025). Participants with higher body fat mass consumed less total energy (p=0.012), had more severe energy balance deficits (p= 0.032), and spent more time in a catabolic state (p=0.048). Conclusion: Adequate energy intake that results in less time in a catabolic state and more frequent consumption of moderate amounts of protein (~30 grams/meal) was associated with lower body fat percent and increased muscle mass in professional cheerleaders. It appears from these data that “dieting” behaviors resulting in large energy balance deficits with longer periods in a catabolic state appeared counterproductive, as this was associated with greater body fat percent, lower muscle mass, and lower grip strength.
Automated apparatus for quantitation of social approach behaviors in mice

Mouse models of social dysfunction, designed to investigate the complex genetics of social behaviors, require an objective methodology for scoring social interactions relevant to human disease symptoms. Here we describe an automated, three chambered apparatus designed to monitor social interaction in the mouse. Time spent in each chamber and the number of entries are scored automatically by a system detecting photocell beam breaks. When tested with the automated equipment, juvenile male C57BL/6J mice spent more time in a chamber containing a stranger mouse than in an empty chamber (sociability), similar to results obtained by the observer scored method. In addition, automated scoring detected a preference to spend more time with an unfamiliar stranger than a more familiar conspecific (preference for social novelty), similar to results obtained by the observer scored method. Sniffing directed at the wire cage containing the stranger mouse correlated significantly with time spent in that chamber, indicating that duration in a chamber represents true social approach behavior. Number of entries between chambers did not correlate with duration of time spent in the chambers; entries instead proved a useful control measure of general activity. The most significant social approach behavior took place in the first five minutes of both the sociability and preference for social novelty tests. Application of these methods to C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and FVB/NJ adult males revealed that all three strains displayed tendencies for sociability and preference for social novelty. To evaluate the importance of the strain of the stranger mouse on sociability and preference for social novelty, C57BL/6J subject mice were tested either with A/J strangers or with C57BL/6J strangers. Sociability and preference for social novelty were similar with both stranger strains. The automated equipment provides an accurate and objective approach to measuring social tendencies in mice. Its use may allow higher‐throughput scoring of mouse social behaviors in mouse models of social dysfunction.
MET EXPECTATIONS: THE EFFECTS OF EXPECTED AND DELIVERED INDUCEMENTS ON ATTITUDES AND INTENTIONS.

The met expectations hypothesis suggests that meeting employees' pre-entry expectations will have a positive impact on their attitudes and intentions. However, with few exceptions, most studies that support this hypothesis used methods such as difference scores and retrospective direct measures of met expectations that confound the effects of expected and delivered inducements. We used polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis to assess the separate and joint influences of expected and delivered inducements on employee job satisfaction, future employment intentions, distributive justice evaluations, and organizational trust in a sample of 342 employees who were completing a Co-operative Education work term placement in a wide variety of organizations. Our results suggest that: (a) the influence of delivered inducements is generally much larger than that of expected inducements, (b) the role of expected inducements varies by the nature of the inducement and the criterion being predicted,.
Accretion-induced Lithium Line Enhancements in Classical T Tauri Stars: RW Aurigae

It is widely accepted that much of the stochastic variability of T Tauri stars is due to accretion by a circumstellar disk. The emission-line spectrum as well as the excess continuum emission are common probes of this process. In this communication, we present additional probes of the circumstellar environment in the form of resonance lines of low ionization potential elements. Using a set of 14 high-resolution echelle observations of the classical T Tauri star (CTTS) RW Aur, taken between 1986 and 1996, we carefully measure the continuum veiling at each epoch by comparing more than 500 absorption lines with those of an appropriate template. This allows us to accurately subtract out the continuum emission and to recover the underlying photospheric spectrum. In doing so, we find that selected photospheric lines are enhanced by the accretion process, namely, the resonance lines of Li I and K I. A resonance line of Ti I and a low excitation potential line of Ca I also show weak enhancements. Simple slab models and computed line bisectors lead us to propose that these line enhancements are markers of cool gas at the beginning of the accretion flow which provides an additional source of line opacity. These results suggest that published values of surface lithium abundances of classical T Tauri stars are likely to be overestimated. This would account for the various reports of surface lithium abundances in excess of meteoritic values among the extreme CTTSs. Computing LTE lithium abundances of RW Aur in a low and then high accretion state yields abundances which vary by 1 order of magnitude. The low accretion state lithium abundance is consistent with theoretical predictions for a star of this age and mass, while the high accretion state spectrum yields a supermeteoritic lithium abundance.
Bioactivities of Fas Ligand-Expressing Retroviral Particles1

Culture supernatants from retroviral packaging cells carrying the human Fas ligand (FasL) gene killed both human (Jurkat) and mouse (LB27.4) targets within 5 h of incubation. Cytotoxicity was found both in a fraction ≥500 kDa and a fraction between 50 and 500 kDa. Following ultracentrifugation, the activity in the ≥500-kDa fraction was concentrated in the pellet (FasL vector preparation (VP)), which was also infective when added to NIH-3T3 cells. Both Polybrene and poly-l-lysine significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of FasL VP but not anti-Fas mAb, soluble FasL (sFasL), and cell-associated FasL. In the presence of Polybrene, FasL VP killed targets that are resistant to anti-Fas mAb and sFasL. The infectivity but not FasL cytotoxicity of FasL VP was sensitive to irradiation and heat shock. By contrast, cytotoxicity of FasL VP could be enhanced or inhibited depending on the doses of anti-FasL mAb. Interestingly, the infectivity of FasL VP was specifically enhanced by anti-FasL mAb, suggesting that a nonviral gene product could be used to regulate the behavior of the retroviral vector. Thus, in addition to expressing potent FasL cytotoxicity, the FasL VP exhibits unique properties heretofore not attributed to anti-Fas mAb, sFasL, and cell-associated FasL. Our study raises the possibility of using the retroviral gene-packaging technology to make powerful, versatile, and regulatable bioactive vesicles expressing a predetermined function of the protein encoded by the target gene.
Family-Based Approaches to Juvenile Delinquency: A Review of the Literature

The increasing effects of juvenile crime on society have caused attention to shift toward efficacy of offender treatment programs. Traditional methods of treatment with this population have failed to produce satisfactory outcomes. As a result, many researchers are now calling for more systemic approaches to offender treatment that focus on problems embedded within multiple levels (e.g., school, family, peers, culture, and socioeconomic level). Effective approaches, which employ direct and indirect client and community services, tend to be action oriented, multifaceted, preventive and remedial, culturally sensitive, systemic in nature, and comprehensive. This article examines factors contributing to delinquency (e.g., developmental issues, gender-related issues, and environmental factors) and elements of effective approaches for treating delinquency (e.g., multisystemic therapy, functional family therapy, behavioral parent training, and family skills training). The purpose of this examination is to provide readers with information to effectively meet the challenges of therapeutic intervention within the juvenile offender system.
Representation for the radical of a finitely generated differential ideal

We give an algorithm which represents the radical J of a finitely generated differential ideal as an intersection of radical differential ideals. The computed representation provides an algorithm for testing membership in J. This algorithm works over either an ordinary or a partial differential polynomial ring of characteristic zero. It has been programmed. We also give a method to obtain a obtain a characteristic set of J, if the ideal is prime.
The role of perceived risk on intention to use online banking in vietnam

Online banking is a substantial service in the enlargement strategy of the modern bank sector. Nevertheless, this service has not been widely used, because of users are still scared of the risks of online transactions. Thus, the in-depth and distinct works of risks in risk awareness are an essential and meaningful assignment for the banking sector. This study investigates the role of perceived risk on intention to use online banking. The results of SEM (structural equation modelling) evidence risk factors (privacy risk, security risk, social risk, time risk, and financial-performance risk) in perceived risk, which has a negative effect on intention to use online banking in Vietnam. Research results can help to propose solutions for enhancing the safety and mitigating the risks in online banking.