Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Distributed Spectrum Access System

by Mingming Cai In a dynamic spectrum access system, radios seek robust communications in a communication channel with unknown interfering signals. Cooperative distributed spectrum access radios provide a way to share the spectrum without prior knowledge of other radios’ spectrum occupancy. Competitive distributive spectrum access radios provide a solution to deal with malicious radios using the same spectrum. In this thesis, both cooperative and competitive distributed spectrum access radios are designed and implemented. Strategies for the cooperative and competitive distributed spectrum access system are proposed and analyzed. A packet management system is especially designed to deal with feedback and packet management for the dynamic spectrum access system. This thesis proposed a new spectrum sensing technique based on the statistical characteristics of the mean and standard deviation of interference signal energy across frequency. A TDD system based on the GNU Radio software and the Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral USRP N210 hardware is also analyzed and implemented. Experiments demonstrate that all the components can achieve their design goals and the cooperative distributed spectrum access system can cooperate well with radios running the same protocol. To my family, my mom, my dad, and my brother.
Metastasis in a transplantable mammotrophic pituitary tumor.

Summary Two strains of a mammotrophic pituitary tumor were compared; the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone had declined appreciably in one and, in the other, was unchanged. The secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary tumor does not appear to be related to the capacity for metastasis inasmuch as metastasis was observed in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes of animals bearing both types of tumor. The microscopic picture as well as ultrastructure of the metastases were identical to that of the primary tumor. Metastases were not observed grossly or microscopically in any other organs. The size of the altered tumor was considerably larger than that of the unchanged one. The adrenal glands were significantly smaller in animals bearing the altered tumor, compared with those from animals bearing the unchanged tumor.
An Inexpensive BRDF Model for Physically‐based Rendering

A new BRDF model is presented which can be viewed as an kind of intermediary model between empirism and theory. Main results of physics are observed (energy conservation, reciprocity rule, microfacet theory) and numerous phenomena involved in light reflection are accounted for, in a physically plausible way (incoherent and coherent reflection, spectrum modifications, anisotropy, self‐shadowing, multiple surface and subsurface reflection, differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous materials). The model has been especially intended for computer graphics applications and therefore includes two main features: simplicity (a small number of intuitively understandable parameters controls the model) and efficiency (the formulation provides adequation to Monte‐Carlo rendering techniques and/or hardware implementations).
Self-patterning of fine metal electrodes by means of the formation of isolated silver nanoclusters embedded in polyaniline

A novel self-patterning technique, which is not based on surface energy differentiation with low or high surface energy as used in conventional surface energy techniques, is presented, using polyaniline and an organometallic silver compound. The underlying mechanisms used to control the electrical conductivity of the metallic silver converted from the organometallic silver compound by a thermal process are also analysed, with electrical and microstructural characterizations. It is found that polyaniline in conjunction with the organometallic silver compound changes its oxidation state from the conductive emeraldine form to the non-conductive pernigraniline form, and silver nanoclusters in the presence of polyaniline do not form a continuous conductive network, although the sheet resistance of silver nanoclusters in the absence of polyaniline is as low as at the curing temperature of 230 °C. By means of these chemical and physical traits of polyaniline and the organometallic silver compound, alternating conductive and non-conductive stripes were self-patterned without the aid of surface energy patterning techniques, the linewidth and nominal pitch of which went down to 23.2 ± 0.7 µm and 40 µm, respectively.
Load flow analysis using transformer models in alternative simulation tools

This paper describes procedures for modelling of two-winding off-load tap-changing transformers in two alternative simulation tools for load flow analysis — DYNAST and SimEPS. For both softwares, respective transformer models and other necessary simulation steps are introduced. Determination of all input parameters is presented along with the verification of results for single-phase transformer model in DYNAST when compared to measurement data. DYNAST is able to perform simulations by using physical diagrams, which are not standardly used for load flow analysis. However, it can also solve one-phase problems or even three-phase problems with real physical coupling. SimEPS models the load flow problem strictly by the system of equations and uses advanced computational algorithms to obtain highly accurate solutions. Load flow results from both softwares are compared and simulation errors evaluated for selected operational states of rather simple power systems.
Guideline for stable coronary artery disease.

Summary Part I - Diagnosis and risk stratification page 1 1. Introduction page 1 2. Diagnosis page 12.a. Diagnosis of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) page 1 2.a. 1. Diagnosis in symptomatic patients page 12.b. Diagnosis of manifest CAD page 2 2.b. 1. History, physical examination, differential diagnosis page 2
Biomarkers for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Cancer

Angiogenesis, the development of new vessels from existing vasculature, plays a central role in tumor growth, survival, and progression. On the molecular level it is controlled by a number of pro- and anti-angiogenic cytokines, among which the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), together with their related VEGF-receptors, have an exceptional position. Therefore, the blockade of VEGF signaling in order to inhibit angiogenesis was deemed an attractive approach for cancer therapy and drugs interfering with the VEGF-ligands, the VEGF receptors, and the intracellular VEGF-mediated signal transduction were developed. Although promising in pre-clinical trials, VEGF-inhibition proved to be problematic in the clinical context. One major drawback was the generally high variability in patient response to anti-angiogenic drugs and the rapid development of therapy resistance, so that, in total, only moderate effects on progression-free and overall survival were observed. Biomarkers predicting the response to VEGF-inhibition might attenuate this problem and help to further individualize drug and dosage determination. Although up to now no definitive biomarker has been identified for this purpose, several candidates are currently under investigation. This review aims to give an overview of the recent developments in this field, focusing on the most prevalent tumor species.
The influence of HRM as a process on absenteeism : exploring the influence of the meta-features of HRM system strength on absenteeism

Absenteeism is an important problem for firms and a lot of research has been conducted on this subject with regard to the role of HRM. However, research has mainly revolved around the relationship between the content approach of HR and absenteeism, rather than the process approach. This research aims to fill the gap of knowledge about the process of HR in its relation to absenteeism in order to examine whether the problem of absenteeism can be tackled in a various way. The meta-features (distinctiveness, consistency & consensus) of an HRM system (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004) will be separately treated with respect to absenteeism. Distinctiveness and consistency were shown to have a significant impact on absenteeism. This implies that when employees perceive the HR system as more distinctive and consensual, their annual days of being absent will be significantly lower. In the case of the feature of consistency, no empirical evidence has been found in order to state that it affects absenteeism. These findings can play a practical role in the HR policy of firms regarding absenteeism. With the aid of this information, it may be possible to anticipate and intervene in particular cases of a high absenteeism rate.
Saturable binding sites for vesicular stomatitis virus on the surface of Vero cells

The binding of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to Vero monkey cells was studied by using virus metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine. Under conditions where viral uptake did not occur (4 degrees C), apparent binding equilibrium was achieved within 12 h at a level representing 12% of the input virus. Two distinct forms of virus-cell interaction were found. At low concentrations of VSV, corresponding to multiplicities used for tissue culture studies, saturable binding was the major form of interaction. Saturation was complete at approximately 4,000 VSV virions per cell. At higher virus concentrations, nonsaturable binding prevailed. Trypsin treatment of Vero cells did not decrease the binding of VSV to the saturable binding sites. Internalization of VSV at 37 degrees C also displayed a saturable component which was directly comparable to that observed for binding. VSV binding to high-affinity, saturable sites on the plasma membrane may represent a receptor-mediated route of viral uptake.
Changes in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the aging mouse cochlea, part 1: the normal-hearing mouse.

BACKGROUND Presbycusis is the most common degenerative otologic condition. New research is pointing toward vascular changes within the cochlea with age. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1, are important regulators of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the hearing, VEGF expression, and vasculature of young and old Swiss Webster (SW) mice. METHODS Young (4 weeks, n = 14) and aged (32-36 weeks; n = 14) SW mice were used. Hearing was evaluated using the auditory brainstem response. Changes in VEGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1 expression and histology were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative PCR). RESULTS Aged SW mice demonstrated clinically stable hearing with age with mean hearing thresholds dropping 5.7, 4.2, 6.5, and 10.9 dB peSPL with age at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz pure-tone stimuli, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of VEGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1 in the stria vascularis, spiral ganglion, and organ of Corti. Strong expression was found within the hair cells and the stria vascularis. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR demonstrated no difference in expression levels between age groups or between apical and basal turns of the cochlea. Microscopy demonstrated no difference in the number or density of stria vascularis vessels between age groups. CONCLUSIONS We describe a mouse model of stable hearing with aging. Stria vascularis vasculature and expression of VEGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1 do not change with age, and there appears to be no apical to basal differential expression. These results provide valuable normalized data to compare VEGF expression and vasculature patterns to other mouse strains.
Supplement to : Maddock , RJ and Buonocore , MH “ MR Spectroscopic Studies of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

4.1 Characteristics of the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Signal 4.1. 1 Nuclei that Can Provide MR Signal from the Body 4.1. 2 Generating the MRS Signal 4.1. 3 Basic Characteristics of an MRS Spectrum 4.2 Types of Interactions that Can Be Detected with MRS 4.2. 1 Chemical Shift 4.2. 2 J-Coupling 4.2. 3 Singlet, Doublet, and Other Spectral Peaks in MR Spectra 4.2. 4 Relaxation Times of Spectral Peaks 4.3 Pulse Sequences for Single Voxel Spectroscopy and Chemical Shift Imaging 4.3. 1 Single Voxel MRS 4.3. 2 2D and 3D Chemical Shift Imaging 4.3. 3 Proton Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging 4.3. 4 Dependence of spectrum appearance on echo time 4.3. 5 Water suppression 4.4 Other Features of the MRS Pulse Sequence 4.4.1 Averaging and Phase Cycling to Improve Signal to Noise Ratio 4.4.2 Spatial Saturation Pulses to Reduce Signal from Outside the Voxel 4.5 Specialized Sequences for Isolating Overlapping Spectral Peaks 4.5. 1 Spectral Editing: Isolating Spectral Peaks Based on J-Coupling 4.5. 2 Spectral Editing: Correction of volume misregistration 4.5. 3 2D NMR Spectroscopy 4.6 Approaches to Quantification of MRS Metabolites 4.6. 1 Relative Quantification of MRS metabolites 4.6. 2 Estimated Absolute Concentrations using Internal Water 4.6. 3 Estimated Absolute Concentrations using Phantom Calibration
NEITHER A RESPONSE NOR STIMULUS SET-SIZE EFFECT FOUND IN THE MANUAL STROOP TASK

Existing computational models of the Stroop task differ in predictions concerning the set-size effect, which is the relation between a number of stimuli/responses and the magnitude of the Stroop interference. However, relevant empirical data is not unequivocal, as some studies reported no set-size effects, while others found substantial set-size effects. We administered two experiments in order to resolve this discrepancy in the case of the manual Stroop task. Experi- ment 1 compared conditions including four, six, and eight stimulus/response mappings in the picture-word task. No reliable set-size effects were found, apart from a weak effect observed when a working memory load imposed by the task was deliberately decreased. Experiment 2 tested conditions consisting of four versus eight mappings in the color-word task, and it replicated results of Experiment 1. As both experiments had sufficient power to detect set-size effects if they existed, our data are inconsistent with models predicting such effects.
Towards Situated Dialogue: Revisiting Referring Expression Generation

In situated dialogue, humans and agents have mismatched capabilities of perceiving the shared environment. Their representations of the shared world are misaligned. Thus referring expression generation (REG) will need to take this discrepancy into consideration. To address this issue, we developed a hypergraph-based approach to account for group-based spatial relations and uncertainties in perceiving the environment. Our empirical results have shown that this approach outperforms a previous graph-based approach with an absolute gain of 9%. However, while these graph-based approaches perform effectively when the agent has perfect knowledge or perception of the environment (e.g., 84%), they perform rather poorly when the agent has imperfect perception of the environment (e.g., 45%). This big performance gap calls for new solutions to REG that can mediate a shared perceptual basis in situated dialogue.
Age-dependent diastolic heart failure in an in vivo Drosophila model

While the signals and complexes that coordinate the heartbeat are well established, how the heart maintains its electromechanical rhythm over a lifetime remains an open question with significant implications to human health. Reasoning that this homeostatic challenge confronts all pulsatile organs, we developed a high resolution imaging and analysis toolset for measuring cardiac function in intact, unanesthetized Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that, as in humans, normal aging primarily manifests as defects in relaxation (diastole) while preserving contractile performance. Using this approach, we discovered that a pair of two-pore potassium channel (K2P) subunits, largely dispensable early in life, are necessary for terminating contraction (systole) in aged animals, where their loss culminates in fibrillatory cardiac arrest. As the pumping function of its heart is acutely dispensable for survival, Drosophila represents a uniquely accessible model for understanding the signaling networks maintaining cardiac performance during normal aging. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.20851. 001
An image-based multi-label human protein subcellular localization predictor (iLocator) reveals protein mislocalizations in cancer tissues

MOTIVATION Human cells are organized into compartments of different biochemical cellular processes. Having proteins appear at the right time to the correct locations in the cellular compartments is required to conduct their functions in normal cells, whereas mislocalization of proteins can result in pathological diseases, including cancer. RESULTS To reveal the cancer-related protein mislocalizations, we developed an image-based multi-label subcellular location predictor, iLocator, which covers seven cellular localizations. The iLocator incorporates both global and local image descriptors and generates predictions by using an ensemble multi-label classifier. The algorithm has the ability to treat both single- and multiple-location proteins. We first trained and tested iLocator on 3240 normal human tissue images that have known subcellular location information from the human protein atlas. The iLocator was then used to generate protein localization predictions for 3696 protein images from seven cancer tissues that have no location annotations in the human protein atlas. By comparing the output data from normal and cancer tissues, we detected eight potential cancer biomarker proteins that have significant localization differences with P-value < 0.01. AVAILABILITY http://www.csbio. sjtu.edu. cn/bioinf/iLocator/
K-BAND POLARIMETRY OF SEVEN HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXIES

ABSTRA C T We present the results of K-band imaging polarimetry of seven 3CR radio galaxies with 0:7 < z < 1:2. We find strong evidence for polarization in three sources: 3C 22, 3C 41 and 3C 114. Of these, 3C 41 shows strong evidence of having a quasar core the infrared light of which is scattered by dust. We also find some evidence for polarization in 3C 54 and in 3C 356. The two point-like sources (3C 22 and 3C 41) and the barely-elongated 3C 54 appear to have of order 10 per cent of their K-band flux contributed by scattered light from the active nucleus. We conclude that scattered nuclear light can form a significant component of the near-infrared light emitted by high-redshift radio galaxies, and discuss models in which the scattering particles are electrons and dust grains.
Pre-Existing Hypoxia Is Associated with Greater EEG Suppression and Early Onset of Evolving Seizure Activity during Brief Repeated Asphyxia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep

Spontaneous antenatal hypoxia is associated with high risk of adverse outcomes, however, there is little information on neural adaptation to labor-like insults. Chronically instrumented near-term sheep fetuses (125 ± 3 days, mean ± SEM) with baseline PaO2 < 17 mmHg (hypoxic group: n = 8) or > 17 mmHg (normoxic group: n = 8) received 1-minute umbilical cord occlusions repeated every 5 minutes for a total of 4 hours, or until mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fell below 20 mmHg for two successive occlusions. 5/8 fetuses with pre-existing hypoxia were unable to complete the full series of occlusions (vs. 0/8 normoxic fetuses). Pre-existing hypoxia was associated with progressive metabolic acidosis (nadir: pH 7.08 ± 0.04 vs. 7.33 ± 0.02, p<0.01), hypotension during occlusions (nadir: 24.7 ± 1.8 vs. 51.4 ± 3.2 mmHg, p<0.01), lower carotid blood flow during occlusions (23.6 ± 6.1 vs. 63.0 ± 4.8 mL/min, p<0.01), greater suppression of EEG activity during, between, and after occlusions (p<0.01) and slower resolution of cortical impedance, an index of cytotoxic edema. No normoxic fetuses, but 4/8 hypoxic fetuses developed seizures 148 ± 45 minutes after the start of occlusions, with a seizure burden of 26 ± 6 sec during the inter-occlusion period, and 15.1 ± 3.4 min/h in the first 6 hours of recovery. In conclusion, in fetuses with pre-existing hypoxia, repeated brief asphyxia at a rate consistent with early labor is associated with hypotension, cephalic hypoperfusion, greater EEG suppression, inter-occlusion seizures, and more sustained cytotoxic edema, consistent with early onset of neural injury.
Recovery of Proprioception in the Upper Extremity by Robotic Mirror Therapy: a Clinical Pilot Study for Proof of Concept

A novel robotic mirror therapy system was recently developed to provide proprioceptive stimulus to the hemiplegic arm during a mirror therapy. Validation of the robotic mirror therapy system was performed to confirm its synchronicity prior to the clinical study. The mean error angle range between the intact arm and the robot was 1.97 to 4.59 degrees. A 56-year-old male who had right middle cerebral artery infarction 11 months ago received the robotic mirror therapy for ten 30-minute sessions during 2 weeks. Clinical evaluation and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were performed before and after the intervention. At the follow-up evaluation, the thumb finding test score improved from 2 to 1 for eye level and from 3 to 1 for overhead level. The Albert's test score on the left side improved from 6 to 11. Improvements were sustained at 2-month follow-up. The fMRI during the passive motion revealed a considerable increase in brain activity at the lower part of the right superior parietal lobule, suggesting the possibility of proprioception enhancement. The robotic mirror therapy system may serve as a useful treatment method for patients with supratentorial stroke to facilitate recovery of proprioceptive deficit and hemineglect.
A novel intelligent energy-efficient delay-aware routing in WSN, based on compressive sensing

This paper proposes a novel algorithm to improve the lifetime of wireless sensor network. This algorithm employs compressive sensing in conjunction with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to decrease the communication rate and to build up the data aggregation trees respectively. We build up the data aggregation tree in a way that it can be utilized to maximize the efficiency by rectifying the delay problem of compressive sensing theory and to improve the network lifetime. Simulation results show how this novel algorithm outperforms LEACH and Shortest-path routing.
Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a nonendemic setting

The disappearance of lytic, protective antibodies (Abs) from the serum of patients with Chagas disease is accepted as a reliable indicator of parasitological cure. The efficiency of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a purified, trypomastigote-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin antigen for the serologic detection of lytic Abs against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in a nonendemic setting using a panel of 92 positive and 58 negative human sera. The technique proved to be highly sensitive {100%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 96-100} and specific (98.3%; 95% CI = 90.7-99.7), with a kappa score of 0.99. Therefore, this assay can be used to detect active T. cruzi infection and to monitor trypanosomicidal treatment.