Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The complexity of the counting constraint satisfaction problem

The Counting Constraint Satisfaction Problem (#CSP(H)) over a finite relational structure H can be expressed as follows: given a relational structure G over the same vocabulary, determine the number of homomorphisms from G to H. In this article we characterize relational structures H for which (#CSP(H) can be solved in polynomial time and prove that for all other structures the problem is #P-complete.
Teaching critical reflection in healthcare professional education

Despite widespread and long-standing commitment to the notion of critical reflection across the healthcare professions, it is unusual for the theory and practice of critical reflection to be taught as a subject in Higher Education. There is good evidence to show that reflective techniques such as critical portfolios and reflective diaries can help students to consolidate and assess their learning of a discipline and its associated practices. Yet, there are also known drawbacks of such techniques, including students becoming overly self-critical and the infinite regress of reflection on action. This paper offers a theoretically informed model of critical reflection which encompasses different purposes (thinking, learning and assessment of self and social systems), together with different forms and domains of reflection (personal, interpersonal, contextual and critical). Explicitly teaching this model helps students to find ways to understand complex professional issues for themselves. At the same time teaching critical reflection creates new challenges for curricula design, assessment and teacher professional development.
Killing of Giardia lamblia by cryptdins and cationic neutrophil peptides

Antimicrobial polypeptides such as the defensins kill a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and tumor cells. Because of the recent finding that intestinal defensins, also known as cryptdins, are synthesized by the Paneth cells of the small intestinal crypts and released into the lumen, we asked whether defensins and other small cationic antimicrobial peptides could kill the trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, which colonize the small intestine. Four mouse cryptdins, two neutrophil defensins (HNP-1 [human] and NP-2 [rabbit]), and the unique tryptophan-rich bovine neutrophil polypeptide indolicidin each had some antigiardial activity against trophozoites in vitro. Cryptdins 2 and 3, indolicidin, and NP-2 each reduced viability by more than 3 log units in 2 h, and killing by all peptides was dose and time dependent. Exposure of trophozoites to peptides frequently resulted in cell aggregation and dramatic changes in morphology. The mechanism of binding and lysis appeared to involve charge interactions, since 150 mM NaCl as well as millimolar levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ inhibited killing by most of the peptides. Our studies show that G. lamblia is sensitive to defensins and indolicidin and suggest that these small polypeptides could play a role in nonimmune host defenses.
MaxMBROLA: A Max/MSP MBROLA-based tool for real-time voice synthesis

In this paper, we present the first step of a project that is able to perform both speech and singing synthesis controlled in real-time. Our aim is to develop a flexible application allowing performers to produce complex and versatile singing - as well as speech - articulations. Thus, we have adapted an existing speech synthesizer, the MBROLA software, to real-time singing constraints. The work presented in this paper concerns the integration of the MBROLA speech synthesizer into the Max/MSP real-time environment through the development of an external object. We present real-time control functions of the object and discuss its limitations. We further discuss about perspectives in the development of MBROLA-based computer music applications.
Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide with high‐doses of arabinosylcytosine and methotrexate (HyperCHiDAM Verona 897)

Patients who have aggressive, refractory or recurrent non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) that are refractory to first‐line anthracycline‐containing regimens (ACRs) have a dismal outcome. Achieving complete remission (CR) is essential for a favorable outcome. To improve the CR rate in these patients, the authors designed a new protocol that contained hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide (CTX), high‐dose arabinosylcytosine (HiDAC), and high‐dose methotrexate (MTX) delivered sequentially in the same cycle and followed by the administration of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) (HyperCHiDAM Verona 897).
Medical Record Privacy and Security in a Digital Environment

Quality healthcare increasingly means addressing the security, privacy, and confidentiality of medical records in both wire-line and wireless environments. This article attempts to address these concerns by presenting a comparison of data-flow patterns in an electronic healthcare setting to those in traditional medical offices and demonstrating cost-effective ways that IT consultants can help healthcare providers working in EHRs maintain and administer their own privacy and security policies.
Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Prospective Population-Based Bruneck Study

Background— The bulk of cardiovascular disease risk is not explained by traditional risk factors. Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow the identification and quantification of hundreds of lipid species. Molecular lipid profiling by mass spectrometry may improve cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods and Results— Lipids were extracted from 685 plasma samples of the prospective population-based Bruneck Study (baseline evaluation in 2000). One hundred thirty-five lipid species from 8 different lipid classes were profiled by shotgun lipidomics with the use of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Levels of individual species of cholesterol esters (CEs), lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were associated with cardiovascular disease over a 10-year observation period (2000–2010, 90 incident events). Among the lipid species with the strongest predictive value were TAGs and CEs with a low carbon number and double-bond content, including TAG(54:2) and CE(16:1), as well as PE(36:5) (P=5.1×10−7, 2.2×10−4, and 2.5×10−3, respectively). Consideration of these 3 lipid species on top of traditional risk factors resulted in improved risk discrimination and classification for cardiovascular disease (cross-validated &Dgr;C index, 0.0210 [95% confidence interval, 0.0010-0.0422]; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.0212 [95% confidence interval, 0.0031-0.0406]; and continuous net reclassification index, 0.398 [95% confidence interval, 0.175-0.619]). A similar shift in the plasma fatty acid composition was associated with cardiovascular disease in the UK Twin Registry (n=1453, 45 cases). Conclusions— This study applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics profiling to population-based cohorts and identified molecular lipid signatures for cardiovascular disease. Molecular lipid species constitute promising new biomarkers that outperform the conventional biochemical measurements of lipid classes currently used in clinics.
Four Types of Leadership and Orchestra Quality

This study analyzes the effects of a conductor's power-based leadership on orchestra quality. The structure of power-based leadership and the hypotheses were tested with a sample of musicians from German orchestras. Confirmatory factor analyses verify four types of power-based leadership of the conductor vis-a-vis the musicians: (1) expert/referent power, (2) informational power, (3) legitimate power through position, and (4) impersonal and personal reward and coercive power. The relative importance of the four forms of power-based leadership on artistic quality was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results supported the hypotheses that expert power and referent power have the strongest positive impact on artistic quality than all other forms of power-based leadership under study. Contributions to theories of leadership and power, research methods, and practice are discussed.
Genetic Variations of α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase Are Associated with Sporadic Prostate Cancer Risk in Ethnically Homogenous Koreans

Background. To assess if the variants of (R)-alpha-methyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) gene would be associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer in ethnically homogenous Koreans. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 194 patients with prostate cancer and 169 healthy controls. A total of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the AMACR gene were selected. The distribution of each genotype and haplotype was analyzed and their association with the incidence of prostate cancer was evaluated. Further, we detected AMACR expression in tumor with immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with genotype regarding prostate cancer risk. Results. AG or GG genotype of rs2278008 (E277K) tended to lower prostate cancer risk. The minor G allele was found to be a significant allele that decreased the risk of prostate cancer (adjusted OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35–0.93, P value = 0.025). In patients expression AMACR, AG or GG genotype was also significant genotype in terms of prostate cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26–0.87, P value = 0.017). Further, [GGCGG] haplotype consisted of five coding SNPs of rs2278008, rs34677, rs2287939, rs10941112, and rs3195676 which decreased the risk of prostate cancer (P value = 0.047). Conclusions. Genetic variations of AMACR are associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer that underwent radical prostatectomy in Koreans.
Subarcsecond Submillimeter Continuum Observations of Orion KL

We present the first 865 μm continuum image with subarcsecond resolution obtained with the Submillimeter Array. These data resolve the Orion KL region into the hot core, the nearby radio source I, the submillimeter counterpart to the infrared source n (radio source L), and new submillimeter continuum sources. The radio to submillimeter emission from source I can be modeled as either the result of proton-electron free-free emission that is optically thick to ~100 GHz plus dust emission that accounts for the majority of the submillimeter flux, or H- free-free emission that gives rise to a power-law spectrum with a power-law index of ~1.6. The latter model would indicate similar physical conditions as found in the inner circumstellar environment of Mira variable stars. Future subarcsecond resolution observations at shorter submillimeter wavelengths should easily discriminate between these two possibilities. The submillimeter continuum emission toward source n can be interpreted in the framework of emission from an accretion disk.
Examining eating rate in women recruited from low-income sites

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii PREFACE v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix MANUSCRIPT 1 ABSTRACT 2 2 INTRODUCTION 4 METHODS 7 RESULTS 18 DISCUSSION 21 REFERENCES 35 APPENDICES 39 A. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 39 B. CONSENT FORM 67 C. STUDY TEST MEAL DAY PROTOCOL 70 D. SCREENING INTERVIEW 73 E. VISUAL ANALOG SCALES FOR APPETITE 75 F. VISUAL ANALOG SCALES FOR PALATABILITY 81 G. MODIFIED WEIGHT RELATED EATING QUESTIONNAIRE. 82 H. INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE. 84
The Practice of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: Creating Connection

Introduction. The Field of Couple Therapy and EFT. An Attachment View of Love: The EFT Philosophy. The EFT Theory of Change: Within and Between. The Basics of EFT: Tasks and Interventions. Expanding Experience and Shaping Dances. Defining the Dance and Listening to Music. EFT: Steps 1 and 2 . Changing the Music - Towards De-escalation. EFT: Steps 3 and 4. Deepening Engagement. EFT: Steps 5 and 6. Emotional Engagement, Enactments and Bonding . EFT: Step 7 and Change Events. The Consolidation of a Secure Base. EFT: Steps 8 and 9. Key Clinical Issues and Solutions. Becoming an EFT Therapist. Emotionally Focused Family Therapy. Restructuring Attachment. Relationship Traumas: Addressing attachment injuries. Forgiveness and Reconciliation. An EFT Session - Micro-analysis of a Change Event. A Second EFT Session - Micro-analysis of a Change Event. Epilogue.
NGOs and social change: Agents or facilitators?

The author discusses issues about the role of NGOs and their relations with the state and the community. The term NGO does not help us to distinguish between grassroots groups, intermediary organisations, and international organisations and the author feels such distinctions would be useful. Claims are currently being made about the potential of NGOs to bring about social change, and focus is often placed on NGOs as if they all have a common role and common characteristics. The author advocates development `from below', and argues that the real development challenge is more about building sustainable processes than about influencing international policy. This article also appears in the Development in Practice Reader Development and Patronage. This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.
Time-Sensitive Recommendation From Recurrent User Activities

By making personalized suggestions, a recommender system is playing a crucial role in improving the engagement of users in modern web-services. However, most recommendation algorithms do not explicitly take into account the temporal behavior and the recurrent activities of users. Two central but less explored questions are how to recommend the most desirable item at the right moment, and how to predict the next returning time of a user to a service. To address these questions, we propose a novel framework which connects self-exciting point processes and low-rank models to capture the recurrent temporal patterns in a large collection of user-item consumption pairs. We show that the parameters of the model can be estimated via a convex optimization, and furthermore, we develop an efficient algorithm that maintains O(1/∊) convergence rate, scales up to problems with millions of user-item pairs and hundreds of millions of temporal events. Compared to other state-of-the-arts in both synthetic and real datasets, our model achieves superb predictive performance in the two time-sensitive recommendation tasks. Finally, we point out that our formulation can incorporate other extra context information of users, such as profile, textual and spatial features.
Invasive listeriosis in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004-2009: further targeted prevention needed for higher-risk groups.

BACKGROUND Listeriosis can cause severe disease, especially in fetuses, neonates, older adults, and persons with certain immunocompromising and chronic conditions. We summarize US population-based surveillance data for invasive listeriosis from 2004 through 2009. METHODS We analyzed Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data for patients with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from normally sterile sites. We describe the epidemiology of listeriosis, estimate overall and specific incidence rates, and compare pregnancy-associated and nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis by age and ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 762 listeriosis cases were identified during the 6-year reporting period, including 126 pregnancy-associated cases (17%), 234 nonpregnancy-associated cases(31%) in patients aged <65 years, and 400 nonpregnancy-associated cases (53%) in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Eighteen percent of all cases were fatal. Meningitis was diagnosed in 44% of neonates. For 2004-2009, the overall annual incidence of listeriosis varied from 0.25 to 0.32 cases per 100,000 population. Among Hispanic women, the crude incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 5.09 to 12.37 cases per 100,000 for the periods of 2004-2006 and 2007-2009, respectively; among non-Hispanic women, pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 1.74 to 2.80 cases per 100,000 for the same periods. Incidence rates of nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis in patients aged ≥ 65 years were 4-5 times greater than overall rates annually. CONCLUSIONS Overall listeriosis incidence did not change significantly from 2004 through 2009. Further targeted prevention is needed, including food safety education and messaging (eg, avoiding Mexican-style cheese during pregnancy). Effective prevention among pregnant women, especially Hispanics, and older adults would substantially affect overall rates.
Advanced algorithm for brain segmentation using fuzzy to localize cancer and epilespy region

The research which addresses the diseases of the brain in the field of the vision by computer is one of the challenges in recent times in medicine, the engineers and researchers recently launched challenges to carry out innovations of technology pointed in imagery. This paper focuses on a new algorithm for brain segmentation of color images based on fuzzy classification to diagnose accurately the region of cancer and the area of epilepsy. In a first step it proceeds by a fine segmentation using the algorithm of fuzzy c-means (FCM). It then applies a test fusion of fuzzy classes. The result is a coarse segmentation, where each region is the union of elementary regions grown from FCM. The fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is an iterative partitioning method that produces optimal c-partitions. The standard FCM algorithm takes a long time to partition a large data set. The proposed FCM program must read the entire data set into a memory for processing. Our results show that the system performance is robust to different types of images.
ADHD among Students Receiving Special Education Services: A National Survey

Relatively little is known about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among students receiving special education in terms of their demographic characteristics, instructional settings, and programming, nor about how these factors differ from students with disabilities who do not have ADHD. Data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS), a nationally representative study of students receiving special education, show that students with ADHD now constitute the majority of students in the categories of emotional disturbance and other health impairment. Hispanic students were underrepresented. Students with ADHD were more likely to receive accommodations and services.
Parliamentary Petitions: An Information Studies Perspective

Abstract This paper reports the results of a study into the views of members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly in the Thirty-seventh Parliament to parliamentary petitions as an information source. It sought to advance the understanding of parliamentary petitions in an information studies context. Research of this nature is necessary because there has been a lack of scholarly interest in parliamentary petitions to date. The study hoped to ameliorate the dearth of literature on the topic. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data. The unique and rich dataset generated from the survey results were used to describe how a group of parliamentarians in a Westminster-style parliament perceive parliamentary petitions. The results indicate that over half the respondents believed that petitions are an important information source. Over three quarters of respondents agreed that petitions provide a mechanism to gauge the depth of feeling on an issue in their electorate. The belief that petitions offer an effective means of communicating with constituents was proffered by almost 60 per cent of respondents. Two-thirds of respondents agreed that petitions sometimes influenced their decision-making and that the number of signatures on a petition sometimes influenced their decision-making. Petitions as an information source didn't fare very well when compared to the other parliamentary information sources available to respondents. So while petitions are deemed to be an important information source in their own right, it can be deduced from the results of this study that respondents believe that there are more effective information sources available to parliamentarians.
Clinical development of metformin extended-release tablets for type 2 diabetes: an overview

Glumetza™ (Depomed, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) is a recently approved gastric retentive extended-release formulation of metformin (M-ER) that provides effective, sustained and well-tolerated glycemic control with once daily administration. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated a similar bioavailability of M-ER administered once daily to immediate-release metformin given twice daily. In addition, M-ER has demonstrated a nearly linear dose proportionality with a relative bioavailability of highest dose to lowest dose of 80%, whereas with immediate-release metformin the relative bioavailability of the highest dose to the lowest dose is only 58%. M-ER demonstrated a positive food effect and should be administered with a meal, preferably the evening meal. Because metformin is only eliminated through renal mechanisms, the use of M-ER, as is the case with other formulations, is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment. Administration of M-ER with sulfonylureas (SUs) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. In controlled clinical trials M-ER demonstrated efficacy for 24 weeks as a monotherapy or in combination with SU. Additionally, glycemic control was maintained for an extra 24 weeks in an open-label monotherapy extension study of M-ER. M-ER was well tolerated in all studies.
Effect of Auristatin PHE on Microtubule Integrity and Nuclear Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans

ABSTRACT The mechanism of action of the fungicidal peptide auristatin PHE was investigated in Cryptococcus neoformans. Since auristatin PHE causes budding arrest in C. neoformans (T. Woyke, G. R. Pettit, G. Winkelmann, and R. K. Pettit, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:3580-3584, 2001), microtubule integrity and nuclear localization in auristatin PHE-treated cells were examined. Iterative deconvolution in conjunction with an optimized C. neoformans microtubule immunolabeling procedure enabled detailed visualization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in auristatin PHE-treated C. neoformans. The effect of auristatin PHE on C. neoformans microtubule organization was compared with that of the tubulin-binding agent nocodazole. Both drugs produced complete disruption first of cytoplasmic and then of spindle microtubules in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Sub-MICs of auristatin PHE caused complete microtubule disruption within 4.5 h, while 1.5 times the nocodazole MIC was required for the same effect. For both drugs, disruption of microtubules was accompanied by blockage of nuclear migration and of nuclear and cellular division, resulting in cells arrested in a uninucleate, large-budded stage. Nocodazole and the linear peptide auristatin PHE are remarkably different in structure and spectrum of activity, yet on the cellular level, they have similar effects.
Underreporting in Psychology Experiments

Many scholars have raised concerns about the credibility of empirical findings in psychology, arguing that the proportion of false positives reported in the published literature dramatically exceeds the rate implied by standard significance levels. A major contributor of false positives is the practice of reporting a subset of the potentially relevant statistical analyses pertaining to a research project. This study is the first to provide direct evidence of selective underreporting in psychology experiments. To overcome the problem that the complete experimental design and full set of measured variables are not accessible for most published research, we identify a population of published psychology experiments from a competitive grant program for which questionnaires and data are made publicly available because of an institutional rule. We find that about 40% of studies fail to fully report all experimental conditions and about 70% of studies do not report all outcome variables included in the questionnaire. Reported effect sizes are about twice as large as unreported effect sizes and are about 3 times more likely to be statistically significant.