Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the interaction between depressive symptoms and alcohol use prior to antiretroviral therapy on viral suppression among people living with HIV in Rural Uganda

ABSTRACT Although there is evidence of individual associations between depressive symptoms and hazardous alcohol use with suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH), few studies have established how the two risk factors may interact to predict viral suppression. We conducted secondary data analyses with two cohorts of Ugandan PLWH (N = 657) to investigate the hypothesized interaction between depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and hazardous alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test -Consumption and/or Phosphatidylethanol biomarker) prior to ART initiation with viral suppression (<550 copies/ml). We were unable to detect an interaction between depressive symptoms and hazardous alcohol use prior to ART initiation with viral suppression in the first two years (M = 19.9 months) after ART initiation (p = 0.75). There was also no evidence of a main effect association for depressive symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.88, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.55) or hazardous alcohol use (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.33). PLWH with depressive symptoms and/or hazardous alcohol use appear to exhibit similar levels of viral suppression as others in care; further work is needed to determine effects on HIV testing and treatment engagement.
Critical Scaling of the Conductance in a Disordered Insulator

A critical scaling of the real and imaginary parts of the low-frequency ac conductance of insulating phosphorus-doped silicon near the metal-insulator transition has been observed. The results are interpreted as evidence of an electron glass, i.e., glasslike behavior, intimately connected with the scaling description of the transition, in which Coulomb interactions play a significant role.
Emotional-Behavioral Patterns in Children with Learning Disabilities

The relationships between lateralized left and right hemisphere cognitive impairments and various emotional/behavioral characteristics were examined retrospectively in 67 learning disabled children ages 7 to 10. Children with left hemisphere impaired cognitive profiles presented with dysphoria, anxiety, and social withdrawal, while children with right hemisphere impaired cognitive profiles showed low rates of dysphoria/anxiety and increased somatic complaints. Children with nonlateralized cognitive impairments evidenced characteristics of attention deficit disorder and more pervasive emotional disturbances. These relationships between lateralized cognitive impairments and emotional/behavioral patterns in non-neurologically involved learning disabled children parallel findings of emotional disturbance in adults with lateralized hemispheric lesions.
CHA2DS2-VASc Score is a Predictor of No-Reflow in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Intervention

Thrombosis and distal embolization play crucial role in the etiology of no-reflow. CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to estimate the risk of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. We tested the hypothesis that CHA2DS2-VASc can predict no-reflow among patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total number of 2375 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were assessed for the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups as no-reflow (n = 111) and control (n = 1670) groups according to post-PCI no-reflow status. CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated for all patients. CHA2DS2-VASc scores were significantly higher in the no-reflow group compared to the control group. After a multivariate regression analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score remained as an independent predictor (odds ratio: 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-1,88, P < .001) of no-reflow. Receiver–operating characteristics analysis revealed the cutoff value of CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 as a predictor of no-reflow with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 59%. Moreover, in-hospital mortality was also associated with significantly higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores. In conclusion, CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with higher risk of no-reflow and in-hospital mortality rates in patients who underwent primary PCI.
NS3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses a positive-sense RNA genome which encodes a large polyprotein of 3,010 amino acids. Previous data and sequence analysis have indicated that this polyprotein is processed by cellular proteases and possibly by a virally encoded serine protease localized in the N-terminal domain of nonstructural protein NS3. To characterize the molecular aspects of HCV protein biogenesis and to clearly identify the protein products derived from the HCV genome, we have examined HCV polyprotein expression by using the vaccinia virus T7 transient expression system in transfected cells and by cell-free translation studies. HCV proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation with region-specific antisera. Here we show that the amino-terminal region of the HCV polyprotein is processed in vitro by cellular proteases releasing three structural proteins: p21 (core), gp37 (E1), and gp61 (E2). Processing of the nonstructural region of HCV was evident in transfected cells. Two proteins of 24 and 68 kDa were immunoprecipitated with anti-NS2 and NS3 antisera, respectively. Antiserum against NS4 recognized three proteins of 6, 26, and 31 kDa, while antisera specific for NS5 immunoprecipitated two polypeptides of 56 and 65 kDa, indicating that each of these two genes encodes at least two different proteins. When the NS3 protease domain was inactivated by replacing the proposed catalytic Ser-1165 with Ala, processing at several sites was abolished. When Ser-1164 was mutated to Ala, no effect on the processing was observed. Cleavage activities at three of the four sites affected by NS3 were shown to occur in trans, while processing at the carboxy terminus of NS3 could not be mediated in trans. These results provide a detailed description of the protein products obtained from the processing of the HCV polyprotein. Furthermore, the data obtained implicate NS3 as a serine protease and demonstrate that a catalytically active NS3 is necessary for cleavage of the nonstructural region of HCV.
Node Positioning and Lifetime Optimization for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless communication networks may be categorized based on the extent of the geographical area that they cover. The latest trend in this assortment is wireless body area network (WBAN), which is standardized by IEEE 802.15. 6 and is defined as a network composed of intelligent, miniaturized, low-power nodes that are implanted in, placed on, or in close proximity to the human body for certain healthcare applications. In this paper, we will start with some assessments on applicable channel models for a typical WBAN. Considering various scenarios with different carrier frequencies, bandwidths, body movements, and transceiver locations, the well-known Bayesian Information Criterion is used to check an available channel data set against 11 different statistical models. Having the channel models as the tools of the trade, we have chosen symbol error rate as the desired metric to find the best node location among the predefined options that results in the most reliable performance. Apart from the positioning of individual nodes, the reliability concept can be utilized in the context of a more general problem, giving rise to useful applications beyond a single node level. Here, we introduce the network lifetime as the performance indicator that can be evaluated for any scenario of interest. Moreover, the network lifetime may be treated as the cost function of an optimization problem. By following the requirements mentioned in the standard, we have found the optimum values for different node attributes that result in the network lifetime maximization.
Evolving imputation strategies for missing data in classification problems with TPOT

Missing data has a ubiquitous presence in real-life applications of machine learning techniques. Imputation methods are algorithms conceived for restoring missing values in the data, based on other entries in the database. The choice of the imputation method has an influence on the performance of the machine learning technique, e.g., it influences the accuracy of the classification algorithm applied to the data. Therefore, selecting and applying the right imputation method is important and usually requires a substantial amount of human intervention. In this paper we propose the use of genetic programming techniques to search for the right combination of imputation and classification algorithms. We build our work on the recently introduced Python-based TPOT library, and incorporate a heterogeneous set of imputation algorithms as part of the machine learning pipeline search. We show that genetic programming can automatically find increasingly better pipelines that include the most effective combinations of imputation methods, feature pre-processing, and classifiers for a variety of classification problems with missing data.
Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted signal intensity of acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serial study of such MR parameters as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ADC with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (ADC(FLAIR)), and T2-weighted imaging may provide information on the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke. Our goals were to establish the natural evolution of MR signal intensity characteristics of acute ischemic lesions and to assess the potential of using specific MR parameters to estimate lesion age. METHODS Five serial echo-planar DWI studies with and without an inversion recovery pulse were performed in 27 patients with acute stroke. The following lesion characteristics were studied: 1) conventional ADC (ADC(CONV)); 2) ADC(FLAIR); 3) DWI signal intensity (SI(DWI)); 4) T2-weighted signal intensity (SI(T2)), and 5) FLAIR signal intensity (SI(FLAIR)). RESULTS The lesion ADC(CONV) gradually increased from low values during the first week to pseudonormal during the second week to supranormal thereafter. The lesion ADC(FLAIR) showed the same pattern of evolution but with lower absolute values. A low ADC value indicated, with good sensitivity (88%) and specificity (90%), that a lesion was less than 10 days old. All signal intensities remained high throughout follow-up. SI(DWI) showed no significant change during the first week but decreased thereafter. SI(T2) initially increased, decreased slightly during week 2, and again increased after 14 days. SI(FLAIR) showed the same initial increase as the SI(T2) but remained relatively stable thereafter. CONCLUSION Our findings further clarify the time course of stroke evolution on MR parameters and indicate that the ADC map may be useful for estimating lesion age. Application of an inversion recovery pulse results in lower, potentially more accurate, absolute ADC values.
Bio-Inspired Photonic Masquerade with Perturbative Metasurfaces.

Camouflage is critical for many living organisms to survive in the natural world and has stimulated the applications, such as optical cloaking and military affairs. However, most applications adopt crypsis-type camouflage that prevents the organisms from being detected by matching the environment, which is challenging to realize large angle-of-view and broadband operation at optical frequencies. Here, as inspired by the nature system of masquerade, we demonstrate optical masquerade-being detected but not recognized-with perturbative metasurfaces that could camouflage an object into another unrelated one under the oblique (±69°) illumination of visible light with ~160 nm bandwidth. Predicted by perturbation theory, the dielectric meta-structures encircling a pistol-shaped object that have a thin layer of nano-disk array, which can suppress the electromagnetic resonances of nanomodes for mimicking the transmitted intensity and phase of the camouflaged object. We also exhibit that optical masquerade is an invasive, environment-independent, object-unlimited and material-extendable camouflage, which might benefit optical security, anti-counterfeiting and encoding.
PMU placement and data processing in WAMS that complements SCADA

Although WAMS can measure power system synchronously in the time scale of millisecond. But the large amount of data it produced determines that it cannot take the place of SCADA presently. At the same time, PMU, which is the basic equipment, cannot configure at the rule of complete observability as that was done in SCADA. The configuration aims at special applications is too unilateral to apply universally. So it is necessary to find out a common PMU placement method in practice. This paper presents a PMU placement method at the rule of observability of kernel network, which was simplified by the load zone classification. By using the PMU measurement information extending method, the system's operation states can be obtained by using less PMUs. State estimation is applied to improve the precision of the processed data. This method makes WMAS accurate data complement SCADA non-accurate data effectively, and let WAMS and SCADA complement each other in practice. So, it is valuable in Mining the ability of SCADA and reducing the scale of WAMS.
Identification of Group B Streptococcal Sip Protein, Which Elicits Cross-Protective Immunity

ABSTRACT A protein of group B streptococci (GBS), named Sip for surface immunogenic protein, which is distinct from previously described surface proteins, was identified after immunological screening of a genomic library. Immunoblots using a Sip-specific monoclonal antibody indicated that a protein band with an approximate molecular mass of 53 kDa which did not vary in size was present in every GBS strain tested. Representatives of all nine GBS serotypes were included in the panel of strains. Cloning and sequencing of the sip gene revealed an open reading frame of 1,305 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide of 434 amino acid residues, with a calculated pI of 6.84 and molecular mass of 45.5 kDa. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences from six different strains confirmed with 98% identity that the sip gene is highly conserved among GBS isolates. N-terminal amino acid sequencing also indicated the presence of a 25-amino-acid signal peptide which is cleaved in the mature protein. More importantly, immunization with the recombinant Sip protein efficiently protected CD-1 mice against deadly challenges with six GBS strains of serotypes Ia/c, Ib, II/R, III, V, and VI. The data presented in this study suggest that this highly conserved protein induces cross-protective immunity against GBS infections and emphasize its potential as a universal vaccine candidate.
Road-racing strategies.

An approach is presented for developing optimal strategies for distance road racing and cross-country racing, i.e., running, skiing, and bicycling over courses of varying terrain. The course can be divided into segments defined by known properties, and the racer may be characterized by his abilities relative to the course segments and total energy available for completing the course. Functional optimization methods are used to select the racer's velocity in each segment to minimize the total time required to complete the course without exceeding any of the racer's limits. Two characterizations of the racer's total capability concerning course parameters are developed. Using a "distance-life" model based on data, examples of optimal strategies over courses of varying terrain are presented. It is shown that the defined optimal strategy is measurably better than other strategies. Several low concepts are introduced that are easily adapted to such problems and can be used in developing fundamental energy expenditure relations.
A new human breast carcinoma cell line (PMC42) with stem cell characteristics. III. Hormone receptor status and responsiveness.

PMC42 is a new human breast carcinoma cell line. In this report the content of estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors in PMC42 has been determined. The estrogen receptor content (1,750 cytoplasmic sites and 350 nuclear sites) was lower than that described for MCF7 and T47D. The cells would not proliferate in serum-free medium without the addition of beta-estradiol (optimum concentration 10(-8) M) or progesterone (5 X 10(-8) M). The addition of both hormones induced a more than additive increase in proliferation (P less than .005, n = 18). Similarly, addition of insulin or hydrocortisone induced proliferation; however, in this case, the effect of the hormones together was only additive. The addition of tamoxifen (10(-6) M) led to a significant decrease in cell numbers and inhibited the stimulatory effects of 10(-8) M beta-estradiol.
Mitigating simple power analysis attacks on LSIB key logic

Locking Segment Insertion Bits (LSIBs) have been proposed to secure access to on-chip embedded instruments in IEEE 1687 networks. LSIBs can be opened (or closed) only if the correct key value is applied to the LSIB's key logic circuit. Using gate-level simulations previously used for cryptographic circuits, we evaluate the susceptibility of several LSIB key logic designs to simple power analysis attacks. We show that the key logic may be susceptible to simple power analysis attacks when the key logic for each LSIB is separate. However, sharing the key logic among multiple LSIBs mitigates simple power analysis attacks. Sharing key logic circuits among four LSIBs gave an average coefficient of determination of 0.05 between the circuit’s switching activity and the key bit values as compared to an average coefficient of determination value of 0.54 for single LSIBs. Furthermore, this reduced the scan cell overhead for LSIBs by a factor of four.
Neurological abnormalities in cognitively impaired but not demented elderly

Objective– We determined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of elderly people with cognitively impaired but not demented (CIND) in the community. Material and methods– We examined 945 elderly residents (aged 65 years or more) in a cross‐sectional study of a standardized clinical examination in 27 randomly selected communities in the town of Mifune, a standard farming town in Japan. Results– The prevalence of CIND and dementia were 10.8% and 4.8%, respectively, with both rates increasing with age. The frequency of most neurological signs in CIND elderly was greater than that found in subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI) and less than that in subjects with dementia. The mean ADL disability score in CIND subjects also lay between the mean values for those with NCI and those with dementia. There were no differences in lifestyles between the CIND group and the other groups. Conclusion– The results suggest that a majority of CIND elderly suffer from brain dysfunction due to chronic neurological disorders or aging itself.
Evaluating the Impact of Signal to Noise Ratio on IEEE 802.15.4 PHY-Level Packet Loss Rate

In this paper, we evaluate the impact of signal to noise ratio (SNR) on the PHY-level packet loss rates on IEEE 802.15. 4 links under the additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading models. We show that IEEE 802.15. 4 PHY-level packet loss rate has a step-like response to the SNR deterioration. In other words, the packet loss rate is largely unaffected by SNR deterioration as long as SNR is more than a threshold. However, even a small deterioration in SNR beyond this threshold causes the packet loss rate to approach1. This result implies that SNR may not serve as a fine-granularity metric to indicate the reliability of an IEEE 802.15. 4 link.
Carpal Semilunar Dislocations and other Wrist Dislocations with Associated Nerve Lesions

borderline of malignancy, such as the skeletal' chondromata. This means that surgery hs.s no place in the treatment of osteogenic sarcomata in the skull, vertebral column, or pelvis. Summing up, Kolodony considers that immobilization on a splint and radiation for a few months, followed by amputation, constitutes the best treatment in hopeful cases. IModerate prophylactic radiation should be given to the chest throughout. When metastases are present, radiation will afford temporary relief, or amputation may be undertaken to relieve intolerable pain which is unaffected by radiation. In Ewing's tumour, radiation leads to rapid improvement, but the condition recurs and becomes refractory to further exposures. When one bone only is involved, radiation followed by amputation is best. Myeloma yields readily to radium or X-rays, and surgery is of no value. Recurrence is invariable, but in some cases the patients have survived for ten years. In giant-cell tumours, curetting, followed by application of pure carbolic acid to the wall of the cavity, remains the prevalent treatment; it is, however, followed by local recurrence in 20% of cases. Radiation is being used to an increasing extent in America, and is said to give satisfactory results; in the weight-bearing bones it has manifest advantages over surgery, which, however, always remains for adoption should radiation fail (fig. 9). Amputation is reserved for cases of repeated recurrence, for tumours the microscopic appearance of which is suspicious, for sepsis following local treatment, and for limbs mechanically unstable after curettage. Finally, in view of the hopelessness of all forms of treatment in declared cases of osteogenic sarcoma, and the striking local effects obtained by radiation therapy, Ewing has suggested that all cases of unexplained bone pain which prove refractory to ordinary measures should be given treatment by X-rays. (The figures illustrating the text, with the exception of fig. 4A, are from Kolodony's paper, and are reproduced by courtesy of the author and editor of Surgery, Gynacology and Obstetrics.") BIBLIOGRAPHY. CODMAN, E. A. , Surq. , Gyn. , Obst. , 1926, xlii, 381. CONNOR, C. L. , Arch. Surq. , 1926, xii, 789. EWING, J., Report International Conference on Cancer, 1928, 365. KOLODONY, A. , Surg. , Gyn. , Obst. , 1927, xliv, Suppl. i,
A Cold-Strontium Laser in the Superradiant Crossover Regime

Recent proposals suggest that lasers based on narrow dipole-forbidden transitions in cold alkaline earth atoms could achieve linewidths that are orders of magnitude smaller than linewidths of any existing lasers. Here, we demonstrate a laser based on the 7.5 kHz linewidth dipole forbidden $^3 $P$_1$ to $^1 $S$_0$ transition in laser-cooled and tightly confined $^{88}$Sr. We can operate this laser in the bad-cavity regime, where coherence is primarily stored in the atoms, or continuously tune to the more conventional good-cavity regime, where coherence is primarily stored in the light field. We show that the cold-atom gain medium can be repumped to achieve quasi steady-state lasing, and demonstrate up to an order of magnitude suppression in the sensitivity of laser frequency to changes in cavity length, the primary limitation for the most frequency stable lasers today.
Seasonal variation of temperatures in rabbits

Determinations of rectal temperatures were performed in a series of measurements in male and female drug-naive SPF rabbits of the Chinchilla type maintained under standard environmental conditions (temperature 19°C, relative humidity 60%, light 14 h/day) in weekly tests collected over 3½ years. The results indicated a seasonal variation in rectal temperature. The temperature was affected by restraint, and female animals showed significantly higher temperatures than males. Bodyweight had no effect on temperature.