Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Parkinson's Disease Gait Using Spatial-Temporal Gait Features

Quantitative gait assessment is important in diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, gait characteristics of a cohort are dispersed by patient physical properties including age, height, body mass, and gender, as well as walking speed, which may limit capacity to discern some pathological features. The aim of this study was twofold. First, to use a multiple regression normalization strategy that accounts for subject age, height, body mass, gender, and self-selected walking speed to identify differences in spatial-temporal gait features between PD patients and controls; and second, to evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning strategies in classifying PD gait after gait normalization. Spatial-temporal gait data during self-selected walking were obtained from 23 PD patients and 26 aged-matched controls. Data were normalized using standard dimensionless equations and multiple regression normalization. Machine learning strategies were then employed to classify PD gait using the raw gait data, data normalized using dimensionless equations, and data normalized using the multiple regression approach. After normalizing data using the dimensionless equations, only stride length, step length, and double support time were significantly different between PD patients and controls (p <; 0.05); however, normalizing data using the multiple regression method revealed significant differences in stride length, cadence, stance time, and double support time. Random Forest resulted in a PD classification accuracy of 92.6% after normalizing gait data using the multiple regression approach, compared to 80.4% (support vector machine) and 86.2% (kernel Fisher discriminant) using raw data and data normalized using dimensionless equations, respectively. Our multiple regression normalization approach will assist in diagnosis and treatment of PD using spatial-temporal gait data.
Long-term consequences of victimization by white-collar crime

This paper reports analysis of ethnographic data collected from individuals who lost funds when a loan company collapsed largely because of criminal conduct by its officers and employees. We describe the range of victims' experiences and examine whether victimization affected confidence and trust in political and economic leaders and in prevailing political and economic institutions. The findings suggest that 1) the overall impact of victimization on individuals and families ranged from minimal, for a majority of victims, to severe; 2) loss of confidence in economic and political leaders increased, but long-term effects of institutional delegitimation were nonexistent to weak in most cases; and 3) the strongest delegitimation effects were produced by the actions of state officials who devised and implemented a plan to resolve financial problems caused by the company's collapse. Study design and data limitations mandate that our findings be interpreted very cautiously, but they point to the importance of v.
Living Alone During Cancer Treatment

The social environment is an important determinant in the overall experience of having cancer. The purpose of this article is to identify how patients experience living alone during their cancer treatment. Using qualitative methods based on grounded theory techniques, we interviewed a sample of 32 cancer patients. Living alone was an ambiguous experience during cancer treatment: patients experienced both a lack of support as well a gain in privacy, freedom, and know-how. Living alone was also seen as a constitutive element of the patients’ identity. Consequently, patients saw living alone as either a threat or as a resource for their adjustment to cancer treatment. These divergent meanings of living alone did share one common attribute, which was that staying independent was their key goal during cancer treatment. Health care providers should be attentive to the heterogeneous aspects of the experience of living alone when critically appraising the independence of patients.
Le paradoxe de la productivité

Lorsqu'ils tentent d'etudier les effets des TIC sur le niveau de l'emploi, autour du paradoxe de la productivite, ou sur la structure des emplois, avec les determinants du biais technologique, les economistes se heurtent peut-etre a la meme difficulte. Dans les deux cas en effet, il parait essentiel de considerer la dimension organisationnelle du changement technologique. S'interroger sur les effets des technologies de l'information sur la croissance et l'emploi implique de considerer les effets indirects de ces technologies. Il ne faut plus focaliser son regard sur l'ordinateur et ses derives, mais elargir le point de vue a ce sur quoi l'ordinateur se greffe : l'organisation de l'entreprise, la structuration de son systeme d'information, l'ordonnancement et le suivi de ses flux productifs, les relations entre les entreprises. Les effets indirects se construisent dans ce jeu entre l'outil et l'organisation. Et il n'y a pas de raison apriori de penser qu'ils iront forcement dans le sens d'un rythme plus eleve de la croissance des richesses, d'une efficacite renforcee de la combinaison productive ou encore d'une prime a la main-d'oeuvre qualifiee.
From Caenorhabditis elegans to the human connectome: a specific modular organization increases metabolic, functional and developmental efficiency

The connectome, or the entire connectivity of a neural system represented by a network, ranges across various scales from synaptic connections between individual neurons to fibre tract connections between brain regions. Although the modularity they commonly show has been extensively studied, it is unclear whether the connection specificity of such networks can already be fully explained by the modularity alone. To answer this question, we study two networks, the neuronal network of Caenorhabditis elegans and the fibre tract network of human brains obtained through diffusion spectrum imaging. We compare them to their respective benchmark networks with varying modularities, which are generated by link swapping to have desired modularity values. We find several network properties that are specific to the neural networks and cannot be fully explained by the modularity alone. First, the clustering coefficient and the characteristic path length of both C. elegans and human connectomes are higher than those of the benchmark networks with similar modularity. High clustering coefficient indicates efficient local information distribution, and high characteristic path length suggests reduced global integration. Second, the total wiring length is smaller than for the alternative configurations with similar modularity. This is due to lower dispersion of connections, which means each neuron in the C. elegans connectome or each region of interest in the human connectome reaches fewer ganglia or cortical areas, respectively. Third, both neural networks show lower algorithmic entropy compared with the alternative arrangements. This implies that fewer genes are needed to encode for the organization of neural systems. While the first two findings show that the neural topologies are efficient in information processing, this suggests that they are also efficient from a developmental point of view. Together, these results show that neural systems are organized in such a way as to yield efficient features beyond those given by their modularity alone.
Quetiapine Induced Cataract - A Rare Case Report

Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly used as first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, in both acute mania and acute depression as well as in maintenance treatment. These have also been shown to be effective as add-on agents and in long term prophylaxis. The most common side effects are dry mouth, sedation, dyslipidemia, weight gain, constipation, altered blood glucose level and extra pyramidal side effects. Quetiapine induced cataract has been reported in animal studies and extrapolation on humans was described as rarity. Hence, the case is reported to highlight quetiapine induced cataract.
The Noncommutative S-Matrix

As a simple example of how recently developed on-shell techniques apply to nonlocal theories, we study the S-matrix of noncommutative gauge theories. In the complex plane, this S-matrix has essential singularities that signal the nonlocal behavior of the theory. In spite of this, we show that tree-level amplitudes may be obtained by BCFW type recursion relations. At one loop we find a complete basis of master integrals (this basis is larger than the corresponding basis in the ordinary theory). Any one-loop noncommutative amplitude may be written as a linear combination of these integrals with coefficients that we relate to products of tree amplitudes. We show that the noncommutative N=4 SYM theory has a structurally simple S-matrix, just like the ordinary N=4 SYM theory.
Trough Levels and Antibodies to Infliximab May Not Predict Response to Intensification of Infliximab Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Infliximab is effective for the treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, up to 40% of patients lose response to infliximab over time. The aim was to assess the clinical value of measuring infliximab trough levels and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) concentrations in IBD patients who lost response to infliximab therapy. Methods: We retrospectively studied records of IBD patients who lost response to infliximab therapy. We first assessed clinical responses of different therapeutic strategies that were applied when patients lost response to infliximab and then we looked at the correlation between clinical response and infliximab trough levels and ATI concentrations. Results: Seventy‐six IBD patients were included. 31/76 patients (41%) continued infliximab therapy without any modification, 39 patients (51%) had an intensification of infliximab therapy, five patients (7%) had switched to adalimumab therapy, and one patient (1%) underwent surgery. Clinical response was observed in 27 patients (69%) with an intensification of infliximab therapy. There was no significant difference in mean infliximab trough level at inclusion in patients who responded to intensification of infliximab therapy (3.3 ± 4.1 &mgr;g/mL) as compared with patients who did not respond (2.3 ± 2.2 &mgr;g/mL, P = 0.85). In all, 16/76 patients (22.4%) presented detectable ATI in the serum. Ten ATI‐positive patients had an intensification of infliximab therapy and six (60%) demonstrated a clinical response. After intensification of infliximab therapy the ATI concentration decreased in five patients. Conclusions: In patients with IBD who lose response to infliximab, clinical improvement may occur upon intensification of infliximab therapy, irrespective of infliximab serum concentration or presence of ATI. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
An examination of the alleged role of "fixation" in the solution of several "insight" problems.

SUMMARY A series of experiments were conducted to examine the purported role of fixation in the solution of several insight problems, such as the nine-dot and triangle problems. It has been commonly accepted in psychology that such problems are difficult because subjects are fixated on unwarranted assumptions concerning how the problems are to be solved. In the present studies, subjects were disabused of these allegedly fixating assumptions in order to see whether quick and direct solution of the problem would then follow. For example, subjects working on the nine-dot problem were told that the problem could be solved only by extending their solution lines outside the boundaries of the square formed by the dots, and subjects working on the triangle problem were told to work in three dimensions. The basic finding was that removing the alleged fixation did not result in sudden and direct solution of the problems, indicating that fixation was not a very important factor in making these problems difficult. It was also found that significant facilitation of solution in these problems could be brought about only by giving subjects relatively detailed information about the solution. It was concluded that the terms fixation and insight are not useful in describing the processes involved in the solution of these problems, and the role of problem-specific knowledge in the solution of insight problems was emphasized. The relationship between the present findings and other recent work on problem solving is also discussed.
DUALITY OF QUASILOCAL BLACK-HOLE THERMODYNAMICS

We consider the T-duality of quasilocal black-hole thermodynamics for three-dimensional low-energy effective string theory. Quasilocal thermodynamic variables in the first law are explicitly calculated on a general axisymmetric three-dimensional black-hole solution and corresponding dual solution. The physical meaning of the dual invariance of the black-hole entropy is considered in terms of the Euclidean path integral formulation.
PERSONHOOD, SELF, DIFFERENCE, AND DIALOGUE (COMMENTARY ON CHAUDHARY)

The "self," or "person" is an intriguing but challenging topic in the social sciences. Relationships and interactions among self/person, body, mind, and sociality are universal cultural preoccupations, although these categories are not delineated in identical ways across cultures, or even within the same culture, and they do not remain the same over time. Local concepts of personhood or "self" are notoriously difficult to detach from the culture- bound analytical classifications and a priori assumptions of researchers. Chaudhary's essay on self-other dynamics in India (Chaudhary, 2008) paves the way toward opening up new theoretical spaces to explore the concept of person contextually and dynamically, revealing more nuanced aspects of self/other negotiations in dialogical constructions. Here, the person or "self" emerges not as a reified, static attribute, but as part of a dynamic process. This commentary takes up Chaudhary's article, exploring ways in which it resonates with anthropological discussions of personhood/self and more general theorizing on culture.
Supplementary phylogenetic methods and simulation results for Independent evolution of whale gigantism linked with Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics

Phylogenetic Inference Morphological character data for living and fossil mysticetes were sourced from Marx and Fordyce’s comprehensive treatment, with the following edits and additions. All undescribed or unidentified fossil taxa (n=13) were removed, as were the 3 odontocete taxa. We retained the archaeocete Zygorhiza kochii. We also replaced the composite taxon Eubalaena spp. with coded characters for the three extant Eubalaena species. These edits resulted in 3 invariant characters (characters 63 65) that were previously used to resolve odontocete relationships, and which were subsequently deleted from the character matrix. The final morphological matrix contained 76 taxa (13 extant, 63 extinct) coded for 269 characters. We downloaded 11 nuclear loci (AMBN exons 6 and 13, ATP7A, BDNF, CSN2, DMP1, ENAM, PRM1, RAG1, SRY, and TBX4 ) and complete mitochondrial genomes, where available, for all 15 extant mysticete species from Genbank (Table S1). Sequences were aligned using MUSCLE through Geneious v. 8.0 and checked by eye. We extracted only protein coding genes from mitochondrial genomes, ensuring that reading frames were maintained and that overlapping regions were assinged to one gene only. We then used PartitionFinder v 1.1. 1 to determine the optimal partitioning scheme for the 11 nuclear loci and 3 mitochondrial partitions, corresponding to 1st through 3rd codon positions, under the Bayesian Information Criterion. We simultaneously inferred phylogeny and branch lengths for living and extinct mysticetes using BEAST 2.2. 1, accessed through the CIPRES Science Gateway. Five morphological partitions, each corresponding
Connecting the usability and software engineering life cycles through a communication-fostering software development framework and cross-pollinated computer science courses

Interactive software systems have both functional and user interface components. User interface design and development requires specialized usability engineering (UE) knowledge, training, and experience in topics such as psychology, cognition, specialized design guidelines, and task analysis. The design and development of a functional core requires specialized software engineering (SE) knowledge, training, and experience in topics such as algorithms, data structures, software architectures, calling structures, and database management. Given that the user interface and the functional core are two closely coupled components of an interactive software system, with each constraining the design of the other, there is a need for the SE and UE life cycles to be connected to support communication among roles between the two development life cycles. Additionally, there is a corresponding need for appropriate computer science curricula to train the SE and UE roles about the connections between the two processes. In this dissertation, we connected the SE and UE life cycles by creating the Ripple project development environment which fosters communication between the SE and UE roles and by creating a graduate-level cross-pollinated SE-UE joint course offering, with student teams spanning the two classes, to educate students about the intricacies of interactive-software development. Using this joint course we simulated different conditions of interactive-software development (i.e. with different types of project constraints and role playing) and assigned different teams to these conditions. As part of semester-long class projects these teams developed prototype systems for a real client using their assigned development condition. Two of the total of eight teams in this study used the Ripple framework. As part of this experimental course offering, various instruments were employed throughout the semester to assess the effectiveness of a framework like Ripple and to investigate candidate factors that impact the quality of product and process of interactive-software systems. The study highlighted the importance of communication among the SE and UE roles and exemplified the need for the two roles to respect each other and to have the willingness to work with one another. Also, there appears to exist an inherent conflict of interest when the same people play both UE and SE roles as they seem to choose user interface features that are easy to implement and not necessarily easy to use by system’s target users. Regarding pedagogy, students in this study indicated that this joint SE-UE course was more useful in learning about interactive-software development and that it provided a better learning experience than traditional SE-only or UE-only courses.
Pfold: RNA secondary structure prediction using stochastic context-free grammars

RNA secondary structures are important in many biological processes and efficient structure prediction can give vital directions for experimental investigations. Many available programs for RNA secondary structure prediction only use a single sequence at a time. This may be sufficient in some applications, but often it is possible to obtain related RNA sequences with conserved secondary structure. These should be included in structural analyses to give improved results. This work presents a practical way of predicting RNA secondary structure that is especially useful when related sequences can be obtained. The method improves a previous algorithm based on an explicit evolutionary model and a probabilistic model of structures. Predictions can be done on a web server at http://www.daimi. au.dk/~compbio/pfold.
General Behavior Prediction by a Combination of Scenario-Specific Models

Before taking a decision, a driver anticipates the future behavior of other traffic participants. However, if a driver is inattentive or overloaded, he may fail to consider relevant information. This can lead to bad decisions and potentially result in an accident. A computational system that is designed to anticipate other traffic participants' behaviors could assist the driver in his decision making by sending him an early warning when a risk of collision is predicted. Existing research in this area usually focuses on only one of two aspects, i.e., quality or scope. Quality refers to the ability to warn a driver early before a dangerous situation happens. Scope is the diversity of scenarios in which the approach can work. In general, we see methods targeting a broad scope but showing low quality, with others having a narrow scope but high quality. Our goal is to create a system with high quality and high scope. To achieve this, we propose an architecture that combines classifiers to predict behaviors for many scenarios. In this paper, we will first introduce the generic concept of such a system applicable to highway and inner-city scenarios. We will show that a combination of general and specific classifiers is a solution to improve quality and scope based on a concrete implementation for lane-change prediction in highway scenarios.
A phylogenetic comparison of wild sheep (Ovis musimon) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries )represented by BCP synthetic line using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis

on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (cyt b) gene was partially sequenced and analysed in order to investigate genetic diversity between domestic sheep (Ovis aries) synthetic line BCP n=16 and wild sheep mouflon (Ovis musimon) n=24 from the Sowie Mountains in Poland. All 18 haplotypes were observed which formed two distinct clades in O. aries BCP synthetic line and three clades in mouflon. 14 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs), were found in domestic sheep, while 22 SNPs in mouflon. Average value of haplotype distance in O.aries was 0.037, while distance among mouflon haplotypes was 0.041. The distribution of haplotypes of wild and domestic sheep suggested intercontinental dispersal genus Ovis. Our data supports the hypothesis that some modern domestic sheep like synthetic line BCP and European mouflon from the Sowie Mountains in Poland derive from a common ancestor.
Multiple Extended Target Tracking With Labeled Random Finite Sets

Targets that generate multiple measurements at a given instant in time are commonly known as extended targets. These present a challenge for many tracking algorithms, as they violate one of the key assumptions of the standard measurement model. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for tracking multiple extended targets in clutter, which is capable of estimating the number of targets, as well the trajectories of their states, comprising the kinematics, measurement rates, and extents. The proposed technique is based on modeling the multi-target state as a generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) random finite set (RFS), within which the extended targets are modeled using gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart (GGIW) distributions. A cheaper variant of the algorithm is also proposed, based on the labelled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. The proposed GLMB/LMB-based algorithms are compared with an extended target version of the cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter, and simulation results show that the (G)LMB has improved estimation and tracking performance.