Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry in Auditory and Spatial Attention Span in Normal Elderly Genetically At Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Some studies of elderly individuals with the ApoE-e4 genotype noted subtle deficits on tests of attention such as the WAIS-R Digit Span subtest, but these findings have not been consistently reported. One possible explanation for the inconsistent results could be the presence of subgroups of e4+ individuals with asymmetric cognitive profiles (i.e., significant discrepancies between verbal and visuospatial skills). Comparing genotype groups with individual, modality-specific tests might obscure subtle differences between verbal and visuospatial attention in these asymmetric subgroups. In this study, we administered the WAIS-R Digit Span and WMS-R Visual Memory Span subtests to 21 nondemented elderly e4+ individuals and 21 elderly e4- individuals matched on age, education, and overall cognitive ability. We hypothesized that a) the e4+ group would show a higher incidence of asymmetric cognitive profiles when comparing Digit Span/Visual Memory Span performance relative to the e4- group; and (b) an analysis of individual test performance would fail to reveal differences between the two subject groups. Although the groups’ performances were comparable on the individual attention span tests, the e4+ group showed a significantly larger discrepancy between digit span and spatial span scores compared to the e4- group. These findings suggest that contrast measures of modality-specific attentional skills may be more sensitive to subtle group differences in at-risk groups, even when the groups do not differ on individual comparisons of standardized test means. The increased discrepancy between verbal and visuospatial attention may reflect the presence of “subgroups” within the ApoE-e4 group that are qualitatively similar to asymmetric subgroups commonly associated with the earliest stages of AD. Preparation of this article was supported in part by a VA Career Development Grant (M. Jacobson), a Veterans Administration Merit Review Grant (D. Delis), a Veterans Medical Research Foundation Merit Review Grant (M. Bondi), and NIA Grant P50 AG 05131(UCSD ADRC). The authors wish to thank Sandra Jerkins, Jessica Paxton and the UCSD Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center for their assistance.
Bis-Indole Derivatives for Polysaccharide Compositional Analysis and Chiral Resolution of D-, L-Monosaccharides by Ligand Exchange Capillary Electrophoresis Using Borate-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Selector

A series of aldo-bis-indole derivatives (aldo-BINs) was prepared by aromatic C-alkylation reactions of aldoses and indole in acetic acid solution. Common monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fucose, xylose, rhamnose, ribose, arabinose and N-acetylglucosamine were smoothly derivatized to form the UV absorbing aldo-BINs. The use of a capillary electrophoretic method to separate these novel aldo-BIN derivatives was established. The capillary electrophoresis conditions were set by using borate buffer (100 mM) at high pH (pH 9.0). The limit of determination was assessed to be 25 nM. The enantioseparation of D, L-pairs of aldo-BINs based on chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis technology was also achieved by using modified hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in the presence of borate buffer. This aldose labeling method was applied successfully to the compositional and configurational analysis of saccharides, exemplified by a rapid and efficient method to simultaneously analyze the composition and configuration of saccharides from the medicinal herbs Cordyceps sinensis and Dendrobium huoshanense.
Aaptamine Alkaloids from the Vietnamese Sponge Aaptos sp

A series of aaptamines, including one new alkaloid (1), were isolated from the marine sponge Aaptos sp. collected in Vietnamese waters. The structure of 1 was elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS, as well as by chemical transformation of 1 to the previously known aaptamine and established as 3-N-morpholinyl-9-demethyl(oxy)aaptamine. The isolated compounds showed a potential cancer preventive activity.
An Econometric Analysis of Time Use in Finnish Households

This essay surveys the peculiarities of time-use data from the viewpoint of economic research. The most popular approach in modelling economic behaviour with time-use has been the household production model introduced by Becker in the 1960’s. However its empirical implication has been difficult. The biggest problem with time-use data is that it has been collected for the needs of societal accounting. Therefore there exists only few observations on a given individual. This creates the problem of zero observations for seldom recurring activities. Econometric estimation is in many cases hampered also by the lack of necessary background variables like income information.
HORUS EYE: See the Invisible Bird and Snake Vision for Augmented Reality Information Visualization

This paper presents a novel technique, called Horus Eye, for augmented reality information visualization. “Horus”, the famous deity in ancient Egyptian mythology, inspires this visualization technique, which is designed to simulate bird and snake vision to highlight data of interest. The contribution of this approach is the merging of information with the real scene, leveraging the real world context to interpret the data. Our technique is a context-based interactive visualization, controlled by users' queries. This paper presents a work in progress with use cases and two adaptations of Horus Eye.
Altering the Intracellular Environment Increases the Frequency of Tandem Repeat Deletion during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcription

ABSTRACT During retroviral DNA synthesis reverse transcriptase frequently performs nonrequired template switches that can lead to genetic rearrangements or recombination. It has been postulated that template switching occurs after pauses in the action of reverse transcriptase. Hence factors which affect pausing, such as polymerization rate, may affect the frequency of template switching. To address the hypothesis that increasing the time required to complete reverse transcription increases the frequency of template switching, we established conditions that lengthened the time required to complete a single round of intracellular Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription approximately threefold. Under these conditions, which resulted from intracellular nucleotide pool imbalances generated with hydroxyurea, we examined template switching frequency using a lacZ-based tandem repeat deletion assay. We observed that the frequency of deletion during reverse transcription in hydroxyurea-treated cells was approximately threefold higher than that in untreated control cells. These findings suggest that rates of retroviral recombination may vary when the intracellular environment is altered.
The Participation of Mental Health Consumers in Health Care Issues

It has been said that when a word or phrase is absorbed into everyday language, it begins to lose its precise meaning. In Canada, the idea that all citizens should participate in decisions about health care is at least 16 years old (Lalonde, 1974). Consumer participation is a "buzzword. " Yet, the language and concepts of change often come before significant action. True citizen participation in health care eludes us. Nowhere is this more true than in efforts to include individuals with mental illness in participating in decisions about their own health care and mental health policy. How many of us who work with the mentally ill could say that our clients are participating as partners in decisions about themselves and about the systems which have an impact on their lives? To understand why action is lagging so far behind concept, let's look first at whathappens when effo rts are made to encourage any citizen' to participate in planning. In an excellent review, Bracht and Tsouros (1990) point out that there are two levels of citizen involvement: the formal decision-making level, such as sitting on planning groups or giving advice, and community level activities, such as membership in a self-help group or specific community project. According to Bracht and Tsouros, both types of community pa rticipation initiatives show a mixed record of success. Common problems occur because citizens often don't want to get involved. Those that do are primarily members of elite community groups and often are not allowed to participate in the creation and support of programmes. When citizens do participate, they do so usually because they are concerned about their neighbourhood, have a background in community leadership and feel they can enlist the support of competent colleagues. Experience has also shown that when citizens participate in their community they must be oriented and informed, they must believe that their effort will make a difference and they must see benefits and experience rewards from their pa rt icipation. Harriet Woodside, M.A., OTR, OTC),' is Executive' Director of the Wellington Psychiatric Outreach Program, Hamilton, Ontario. She is a member of the Working Group on Occupational Therapy Mental Health Services.
La proximité de l'âge de la retraite

Dans cet article, nous montrons que la distance a l’âge du taux plein est un facteur explicatif non seulement du faible retour en emploi des seniors mais egalement de leur faible investissement en formation. Ce point donne un nouveau rendement aux politiques incitatives de recul de l’âge de retraite : allonger l’horizon d’activite incite a mieux se former, et cette revalorisation du travail accroit les gains de la reprise d’emploi. Un modele de recherche d’emploi endogenisant simultanement l’âge de depart a la retraite et les efforts d’investissement en capital humain donne les fondements theoriques, alors qu’une estimation basee sur le complement formation continue 2000 valide empiriquement notre approche.
Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell–Interneuron Spike Transmission Is Frequency Dependent and Responsible for Place Modulation of Interneuron Discharge

The interplay between principal cells and interneurons plays an important role in timing the activity of individual cells. We investigated the influence of single hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells on putative interneurons. The activity of CA1 pyramidal cells was controlled intracellularly by current injection, and the activity of neighboring interneurons was recorded extracellularly in the urethane-anesthetized rat. Spike transmission probability between monosynaptically connected pyramidal cell-interneuron pairs was frequency dependent and highest between 5 and 25 Hz. In the awake animal, interneurons were found that had place-modulated firing rates, with place maps similar to their presynaptic pyramidal neuron. Thus, single pyramidal neurons can effectively determine the firing patterns of their interneuron targets.
A novel quadruple-fed rectangular patch antenna with improved bandwidth performance

A novel quadruple feeding mechanism for a rectangular patch antenna is proposed. A successive phase shift caused by path inequality between four possible symmetrical feeding points is introduced, in order to achieve wideband operation at the 2 GHz frequency band. This work is an extension to the idea of acquiring a pair of resonances and forcing them to behave in a consolidated way. This concept is verified in previous work and is herein stretched to the limit that a rectangular patch could provide speaking in terms of symmetry, i.e. using four feeding points. The proposed antenna exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 3.46 %, almost four times as much as the conventional single-fed patch does. Furthermore, the antenna presents circular polarization and an elevationuniform radiation pattern. VSWR, Impedance matching as well as Antenna and Radiation Efficiency are also presented and annotated.
ON THE “HOT POTATO” EFFECT OF INFLATION: INTENSIVE VERSUS EXTENSIVE MARGINS

Conventional wisdom is that inflation makes people spend money faster, trying to get rid of it like a “hot potato,” and this is a channel through which inflation affects velocity and welfare. Monetary theory with endogenous search intensity seems ideal for studying this. However, in standard models, inflation is a tax that lowers the surplus from monetary exchange and hence reduces search effort. We replace search intensity with a free entry (participation) decision for buyers—i.e., we focus on the extensive rather than intensive margin—and prove buyers always spend their money faster when inflation increases. We also discuss welfare.
Beyond the audit expectations gap

In seeking to encourage a broader, European dimension to research on auditing and audit expectations, this paper examines the recent history of auditing and its regulation in Spain within the context of international developments in the accounting profession. The more expansive role being assigned to the audit function in Spain following the implementation of the Fourth and Eighth European Company Law Directives is generally viewed by Spanish writers as a progressive step, with largely positive effects. Such views stand in some contrast to the history of auditing in Britain, where the prevalence of an 'audit expectations gap' suggests a rather more problematic state of affairs. In exploring both the Spanish context and the nature of the audit expectations gap in Britain, however, the paper reveals a common underlying belief in the potential of auditing. Through this comparative analysis, and by drawing on recent audit research challenging certain long-held assumptions about auditing, a number of questions are asked of the current form and status of auditing and auditing expectations in Britain and Spain. In so doing, the paper raises issues that go beyond the current confines of the audit expectations gap debate, stressing, in particular, the need for greater consideration to be given, through less Anglo-centric analyses, to the varying nature and capabilities of European audit practice.
Alliance Formation in the Automobile Sector During an Era of Ferment

When developing radical innovations, firms often form collaborative relationships with external organizations to have access to additional resources. Therefore, alliance formation is influential in innovation and plays a key role in industrial change. However, most studies have not distinguished between individual alliances and instead aggregated collaborations when analysing firm external R&D efforts. Our research sought to explore manufacturer use of alliances to acquire expertise in key knowledge areas as they developed and commercialized electric vehicles. Alliances from 24 manufacturers were analysed according to type (explorative or exploitative), key knowledge area, and firm type (incumbent or start‐up). The results show distinct alliance formation patterns in different key knowledge areas. Heterogeneity of alliance formation in key knowledge areas indicates that developing a radical innovation is not as simple as acquiring new expertise. Rather it is a complex process where firms seek to develop their own knowledge base and use the expertise of other companies. This likely stems from a desire to develop technologies connected to core business models. Analysing alliance formation according to key knowledge area provides a rich account of how firms approach knowledge acquisition as they develop radical innovations during a time of industrial uncertainty.
Model Keseimbangan Kerjaya dan Rumah Tangga dalam kalangan Wanita Cemerlang Sektor Awam

Being balance in managing household is a mandatory claim for working women. The diversity of techniques fulfil the trust and responsibility of the dual career. Therefore, the effective model according to Islamic views is much needed nowadays. Data were collected through qualitative design using in-depth interviews and analysis of documents involving past literatures and views of the contemporary scholars. In-depth interviews were conducted with women who excel in management and public sector and professionals with JUSA and grade 54. Supporting data of this study involved interviews with husbands, children, employers and colleagues to create a triangulation data. The findings of the study was analysed thematically using Nvivo 7.0 software. The patterns of these findings has resulted in the model for work-life balance according to the Islamic perspective. The results are presented as a guide for the career women nowadays, for those in the higher education institutions, government departments and private companies.
Open-path Fourier transform infrared studies of large-scale laboratory biomass fires

A series of nine large-scale, open fires was conducted in the Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory (IFSL) controlled-environment combustion facility. The fuels were pure pine needles or sagebrush or mixed fuels simulating forest-floor, ground fires; crown fires; broadcast burns; and slash pile burns. Mid-infrared spectra of the smoke were recorded throughout each fire by open path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at 0.12 cm−1 resolution over a 3 m cross-stack pathlength and analyzed to provide pseudocontinuous, simultaneous concentrations of up to 16 compounds. Simultaneous measurements were made of fuel mass loss, stack gas temperature, and total mass flow up the stack. The products detected are classified by the type of process that dominates in producing them. Carbon dioxide is the dominant emission of (and primarily produced by) flaming combustion, from which we also measure nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and most of the water vapor from combustion and fuel moisture. Carbon monoxide is the dominant emission formed primarily by smoldering combustion from which we also measure carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and ethane. A significant fraction of the total emissions is unoxidized pyrolysis products; examples are methanol, formaldehyde, acetic and formic acid, ethene (ethylene), ethyne (acetylene), and hydrogen cyanide. Relatively few previous data exist for many of these compounds and they are likely to have an important but as yet poorly understood role in plume chemistry. Large differences in emissions occur from different fire and fuel types, and the observed temporal behavior of the emissions is found to depend strongly on the fuel bed and product type.
Regular Expressions Cookbook - Detailed Solutions in Eight Programming Languages, Second Edition

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An integrated credit rating and loan quality model: application to bank shipping finance

Assessing a borrower’s credit quality is a critical input for efficient bank loan facility allocation, particularly at phases of financial distress. An integrated credit rating model is proposed to borrowers’ credit rating in support of bank financing decisions. Based on a global bank survey, a core set of critical quantitative and qualitative criteria are initially identified and are subsequently weighted and rated, incorporating a dynamic multicriteria optimization approach. The issue of credit rating migration, inducing adjustments in bank financing decisions, is also investigated. The empirical findings can be instrumental to bank credit policy decisions and risk management.
The price elasticity of hard drugs; The case of opium in the Dutch East Indies (1923-1938)

At the beginning of this century, the Dutch government controlled the opium market in the Dutch East Indies--nowadays Indonesia--for several decades. This state monopoly was called the opiumregie. Using information gathered during the opiumregie, this paper estimates price elasticities of opium consumption. It appears that short-term price elasticities of opium use are about -0.7. Long-term price elasticities are about -1.0. Copyright 1995 by University of Chicago Press.
BUDGETARY CONTROL OF HOSPITALS — RITUAL RHETORICS AND RATIONALIZED MYTHS?

A nationwide survey study of all governmental hospitals in Norway during the period 1989- 1991 showed a systematic decoupling between budgets (ex-ante) and accounting information (ex-post). Within a normative frame, this decoupling questions the budgets as instruments for management control. Institutional theory, on the other hand, postulates that separation between plans and action occurs because plans are external legitimation of governmental organizations' existence, while accounting information is output of action. Accordingly, plans can be seen as ceremonies and rituals rather than strategic documents. However, the paper argues that for the purpose of management control in hospitals, the action-system and the decision-system should be integrated. To improve this integration, the logic of the action-system, represented by the service-producers (physicians and nurses) and the logic of the decision-system (the politicians and the administrators) should be bridged by communicative action. Thus, the quality of the budget as a device for management control depends on the communicative action taking place during the budgetary process.
A Fast Optimization Method for Reliability and Performance of Cloud Services Composition Application

At present the cloud computing is one of the newest trends of distributed computation, which is propelling another important revolution of software industry. The cloud services composition is one of the key techniques in software development. The optimization for reliability and performance of cloud services composition application, which is a typical stochastic optimization problem, is confronted with severe challenges due to its randomness and long transaction, as well as the characteristics of the cloud computing resources such as openness and dynamic. The traditional reliability and performance optimization techniques, for example, Markov model and state space analysis and so forth, have some defects such as being too time consuming and easy to cause state space explosion and unsatisfied the assumptions of component execution independence. To overcome these defects, we propose a fast optimization method for reliability and performance of cloud services composition application based on universal generating function and genetic algorithm in this paper. At first, a reliability and performance model for cloud service composition application based on the multiple state system theory is presented. Then the reliability and performance definition based on universal generating function is proposed. Based on this, a fast reliability and performance optimization algorithm is presented. In the end, the illustrative examples are given.
The Effect of Financial Crisis on Hiring and Separation Rates: Evidence from Tunisian Labor Market

The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of the global financial crisis on employment conditions in Tunisia, specifically regarding hiring and separation rates. A panel data model which utilized firm level data covering five sectors over the period of 2007– June 2010 is used to explain quarterly relationships between hiring and separation rates in Tunisia. A random effect model was also used to help understand the most significant variables that affect the variation of hiring and separation rates. The results indicate a decline in separation rates, highlighting the vulnerability of Tunisia’s labor market to a global slowdown. Weak labor demand is a response to the company’s inability to create more jobs, which causes many Tunisian youth to put off work for school. The research results in this paper should urge policymakers to create a comprehensive plan to bridge the unemployment gap while promoting increased job opportunities.