Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cómputo secuencial eficiente de cotas ajustadas, y su impacto en la performance de los análisis de programas basados en SAT

Dada una descripcion formal de los estados validos del heap -por ejemplo, un invariante de una estructuras de datos- las cotas ajustadas para los campos del heap son el conjunto de los valores que pueden tomar los campos en alguna instancia valida. Asi, los valores de campos que no pertenecen a las cotas ajustadas pueden ser ignorados por los analisis automaticos (acotados) de codigo, reduciendo asi el espacio de estados a explorar, y mejorando la performance del analisis. Sin embargo, el computo de cotas ajustadas es costoso. El unico enfoque conocido que computa estas cotas en un tiempo aceptable, TACO+, es intrinsecamente paralelo, y requiere de un cluster con varias computadoras para su ejecucion eficiente. En este trabajo se aborda el problema de computar eficientemente cotas ajustadas en entornos de ejecucion secuenciales. Asi, se presentan dos nuevos enfoques para resolver este problema. El primero, denominado bottom-up, utiliza un procedimiento de decision basado en SAT para visitar instancias validas del heap, y computa cotas ajustadas usando los valores de los campos de estas instancias. bottom-up, al igual que TACO+, requiere de una especificacion en algun lenguaje declarativo de alto nivel -como JML para JAVA- de los estados validos del heap. De esta manera, bottom-up y TACO+ generan cotas ajustadas equivalentes. El segundo, SLBD, se basa en una especificacion del heap en terminos de un predicado inductivo de la logica de separacion. Este enfoque computa cotas ajustadas mientras realiza (un numero finito de) desplegados del predicado inductivo de entrada. En algunos casos SLBD puede producir cotas ajustadas diferentes a las de TACO+ (y bottom-up). Se evaluaron experimentalmente los enfoques bottom-up, SLBD y la tecnica relacionada TACO+, en la generacion de cotas ajustadas para varias clases contenedoras JAVA. Los resultados muestran que, en un ambiente de ejecucion secuencial, bottom-up es un orden de magnitud mas rapido que TACO+ (secuencializado), y que SLBD es dos ordenes de magnitud mas rapido que bottom-up. Ademas, se evaluo el impacto de las cotas ajustadas generadas por nuestros enfoques en la veri ficacion de codigo y en la generacion exhaustiva de estructuras (que satisfacen un predicado) basados en SAT. Los resultados indican que los enfoques que computan cotas ajustadas secuencialmente (via bottom-up o SLBD), y luego las aprovechan durante el analisis, son significativamente mas eficientes que los analisis convencionales, que no explotan la idea de cotas ajustadas. Ademas, para los analisis basados en SAT mencionados, los resultados muestran que las cotas ajustadas computadas por SLBD tienen un impacto similar a las computadas por TACO+ y bottom-up.
Trilateration and iterative multilateration algorithm for localization schemes on Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network is used in some applications such as environmental monitoring, search and rescue missions, geographic routes and tracking. WSN can be a telemetry solution to ensure that the rescue communication system works properly and effectively. Although localization is not the primary purpose of the Wireless Sensor Network, sensory information is senseless when the location of the observed phenomenon is not known. Therefore, it is necessary to design a localization system that can estimate the position of the static nodes with the lowest possible position errors. In this research will use localization method RSSI, the distance estimation method using the signal strength in the sensing to all nodes. Trilateration and Iterative Multilateration Algorithms are highly accurate localization range-based algorithms. The localization algorithm can estimate the coordinates of the unknown nodes based on the distance of the sensor from the position of the anchor node using the signal strength that has been sensed throughout the nodes. The performance of both algorithms is influenced by the comparison of the number of anchor and unknown number in the spread, the range of communication, and the deployment used. From the simulation results, Iterative Multilateration algorithm tends to give an average position estimation accuracy of 93 persent while using the Trilateration algorithm of 81 persent. With PDR reaching 100 persent using Iterative Multilateration and 96 persent for Trilateration.
Impact of a Housing Tax Credit on Local Housing Markets: Evidence from France

Housing Tax Credits are a popular tool designed to increase the construction of affordable housing units for low and medium income tenants. Several papers in the US, however, document the lacklustre performance of such programs that represent an important amount of public expenditures. In this paper, we exploit a quasi-natural experiment in France (the removal of the Borloo and Robien policies on part of the territory with the implementation of the Scellier Tax Credit (STC)), to identify the impact of such policies on local housing markets. We find that the removal of these tax credits decelerated house prices and lowered the vacancy rate in new dwellings without reducing the production of new housing units. Finally, the income profile of tenants in new dwellings remained unaffected.
A concept taxonomy and an instrument hierarchy: tools for establishing and evaluating the conceptual framework of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument as applied to product labeling claims.

OBJECTIVE To facilitate development and evaluation of a PRO instrument conceptual framework, we propose two tools--a PRO concept taxonomy and a PRO instrument hierarchy. FDA's draft guidance on patient reported outcome (PRO) measures states that a clear description of the conceptual framework of an instrument is useful for evaluating its adequacy to support a treatment benefit claim for use in product labeling the draft guidance, however does not propose tools for establishing or evaluating a PRO instrument's conceptual framework. METHODS We draw from our review of PRO concepts and instruments that appear in prescription drug labeling approved in the United States from 1997 to 2007. RESULTS We propose taxonomy terms that define relationships between PRO concepts, including "family,""compound concept," and "singular concept. " Based on the range of complexity represented by the concepts, as defined by the taxonomy, we propose nine instrument orders for PRO measurement. The nine orders range from individual event counts to multi-item, multiscale instruments. CONCLUSION This analysis of PRO concepts and instruments illustrates that the taxonomy and hierarchy are applicable to PRO concepts across a wide range of therapeutic areas and provide a basis for defining the instrument conceptual framework complexity. Although the utility of these tools in the drug development, review, and approval processes has not yet been demonstrated, these tools could be useful to improve communication and enhance efficiency in the instrument development and review process.
Estimation et optimisation de la consommation de puissance des circuits logiques programmables du type fpga

Diminuer la puissance consommee par les circuits integres devient une des priorites majeures des concepteurs de systemes electroniques numeriques. Les dernieres technologies electroniques offrent des transistors de plus en plus petits et necessitent une tension d'alimentation de plus en plus faible, ce qui va tout a fait dans le sens de la reduction de la consommation. Le probleme vient du fait que les applications sont de plus en plus gourmandes en puissance de calcul et en fonctionnalites, engendrant des tailles de circuit et des frequences de fonctionnement tres elevees. Malgre les progres technologiques, la tendance generale est donc vers une augmentation de la puissance consommee des circuits. Les circuits du type fpga (field programmable gate array) sont de plus en plus utilises pour le prototypage ou la fabrication en petites series de systemes electroniques numeriques. Leur principal avantage est avant tout leur programmabilite. Les dernieres familles de fpga ont atteint des niveaux de complexite et performances tels qu'il devient possible de valider rapidement un systeme electronique numerique integrant quelques millions de portes et fonctionnant a quelques dizaines de mhz. Le but de ce travail a ete d'elaborer un modele de consommation de puissance propre aux fpgas et de proposer des methodes d'optimisation au niveau circuit et systeme. Dans un premier temps des mesures exhaustives ont permis de construire un modele precis de distribution de la consommation de puissance. Dans un deuxieme temps une methode d'optimisation de la consommation a ete proposee. Cette methode, classique par son approche visant a diminuer la tension d'alimentation, s'est revelee particulierement efficace pour les fpgas qui ont un comportement qui depend non seulement du carre mais aussi du cube de la tension d'alimentation. Elle a montre qu'il etait possible de reduire la consommation tout en gardant un tres bon niveau de performances sans augmenter notablement le nombre de portes.
An examination of the relationships between customer relationship management quality, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: The case of five star hotels

Customer’s loyalty seems to have received a lot of attention from scholars. This research began by describing customer relationship management (CRM) quality and service quality. The meditational model that links CRM quality and service quality with customer loyalty through customer satisfaction is proposed. Appropriate steps are identified and surveys conducted among 1,825 hotel customers using simple random sampling techniques. 773 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of around 42.3 percent, 46 questionnaires were deemed unusable because of the large amount of missing data so that 309 analysis units could be used. The results show that customer satisfaction plays a mediating role in the effect of CRM quality and service quality on customer loyalty. The implications are discussed, the limitations of the study are noted and the possible fields for further research are shown.
PRP4: a protein of the yeast U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae prp mutants (prp2 through prp11) are known to be defective in pre-mRNA splicing at nonpermissive temperatures. We have sequenced the PRP4 gene and shown that it encodes a 52-kilodalton protein. We obtained PRP4 protein-specific antibodies and found that they inhibited in vitro pre-mRNA splicing, which confirms the essential role of PRP4 in splicing. Moreover, we found that PRP4 is required early in the spliceosome assembly pathway. Immunoprecipitation experiments with anti-PRP4 antibodies were used to demonstrate that PRP4 is a protein of the U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP). Furthermore, the U5 snRNP could be immunoprecipitated through snRNP-snRNP interactions in the large U4/U5/U6 complex.
IN VITRO STUDY OF A NOVEL LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN ADSORBENT

Hypercholesterolemia has been identified as a major risk in the development of premature atherosclerosis and in its clinical sequelae is similar to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. It is generally agreed that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels above 130 mg/dl are associated with a very high incidence of coronary heart disease (1). Recently scientists found that drastic reductions of LDL by diet, exercise, and drugs can stop the progression of coronary stenoses or even induce regression of atherosclerotic lesions (2). However, a sufficient reduction of LDL-cholesterol can not be attained by conservative treatment alone in many instances, such as familiar hypercholesterolemia, and further extracorporeal LDL removal by plasmaphe-
Analysis of p53 mutations in histologically normal lung tissues and lung tumors from non‐small cell lung cancer patients

Our previous study showed a characteristic p53 mutational spectrum in lung tumors from lung cancer patients in the Western Pennsylvania region. To further understand the involvement of p53 mutations in lung tumor development, in this study we compared p53 mutational spectra and distribution between tumor cells taken from lung tumor tissue and histologically normal cells taken from tumor‐surrounding tissue obtained from 122 lung cancer patients [67 adenocarcinomas (ACs) and 55 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)]. Overall, mutations were detected in exons 5–8 of the p53 gene in cell samples from 39.3% (48/122) of the patients. Twenty‐four mutations were found among the ACs (35.8%, 24/67) and consisted mostly of G to T transversions at codon 248 in either only the tumor tissue (12 cases, 50%), or only the histologically normal tissue (2 cases, 8.3%), or both tissue types (10 cases, 41.7%). Among the SCCs, 24 mutations of both transition and transversion types were detected at multiple codons in either only the tumor tissue (17 cases, 70.8%), or only the histologically normal tissue (3 cases, 12.5%), or both tissues (4 cases, 16.7%). Overall, the distribution of mutations among the tumor tissue and histologically normal tissue was not significantly different between the ACs and SCCs (P > 0.05). In both groups, the mutations in the histologically normal tissue may be identical to or different from those in the tumor tissue. Therefore, p53 mutations are frequent in tumor‐surrounding histologically normal tissue, and some of them might be involved in lung carcinogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of a multimedia intervention on help-seeking process with a Chinese college student sample.

Little is known about encouraging help-seeking in non-English speaking settings and relatively little research has been directed to facilitate help-seeking among Chinese-speaking people. This study examined the effects of a multimedia intervention on barriers, attitudes, and intentions for seeking counseling in China. The multimedia intervention was informed by prior empirical research on models of help-seeking for counseling. A total of 200 participants were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions: (1) a help-seeking media-exposed intervention group and (2) a control group, who watched a hospital advertisement that was unrelated to mental health help-seeking. Results indicated that the intervention was effective at increasing both positive attitudes toward therapy and intentions to seek therapy. The intervention also improved participants' perceptions about treatment accessibility. This intervention is available and can be a resource for Chinese language populations (both within China and other countries), especially for immigrants, rural, and persons who might benefit from mental health treatments such as psychotherapy.
The emerging accountability regimes for the Sustainable Development Goals and policy integration: Friend or foe?

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the full Agenda 2030 in which they are embedded are aspirational and intended to be both transformational and integrative in a number of ways. The need for integration across policy domains is stressed throughout the agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals are also accompanied by an emerging system for follow-up and review centered on a long list of indicators that are intended to enable countries to be accountable towards their citizens. There is, however, in the accountability literature indication that some accountability mechanisms can be counterproductive for integrative policies. This paper is centered around the question whether an accountability regime, and if so how, is compatible with a high degree of policy integration both conceptually and in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. We approach this question through looking both at the literature on integrative governance and some of the central concepts it covers such as (environmental) policy integration and mainstreaming, and the accountability literature. This enables us to provide an analytical framework for evaluating the potential of the emerging accountability regimes for the Sustainable Development Goals to enhance more integrated policy making and action. We conclude that there are little or no strong hierarchical elements of accountability relationships at the global level which can be good news for more integrative policies – but only if there is a strong sense of shared responsibility among actors at all levels, available information on the types of behavioural efforts that support integration, and accountholders that take an active interest in integration. At the national level, there may be hierarchical accountability mechanisms with sanction possibilities that may discourage integration. Here, those who hold actors to account can counteract this if they have deeper understanding of the underlying interlinkages among the goals and targets, and based on this, engage in accountability mechanisms.
Media content personalisation brokerage platform

Media content personalisation poses a significant challenge to media contents producers, distributors and viewers. The goal of media content producers is to place their media items at the highest price possible and, the goal of a content distributor is to strengthen the relationship with existing customers and increase the number of customers by offering the most appropriate media content from a multitude of sources, while taking the viewer profile into account. The viewers are unable to search, find and choose their preferred content in near real time due to the size of the search space both in terms of the number of offers and the diversity of sources. The nature of relationships between contents producers and distributors is Business-to-Business (B2B), whereas the nature of the relationship between distributors and viewers is Business-to-Consumer (B2C). The described problem opens several issues, namely, in terms of profiling, recommendation and contents brokerage. Not only it is necessary to develop a profiling mechanism capable of building and maintaining user and item models over time, but also to find recommendation algorithms capable of processing the different types of user feedback in order to provide the best recommendations in near real time. Finally, the media contents provider and distributor businesses need to delegate the partner lookup, invitation and acceptance to negotiate and enforce the provision of the recommended objects to a brokerage service. In this thesis we tackle the problem of near real time media content personalisation. In order to achieve this, we designed a platform meeting the above mentioned requirements. Our contributions are focussed on the three main designed components: (i) Profiling Service; (ii) Recommendation Service; and (iii) a Multi-Agent System (MAS) Brokerage Platform.
A score calculation method using positional information of feature points for biometric authentication

A lot of feature-based correspondence matching methods have been proposed in the field of computer vision, image processing and pattern recognition. These methods are also effective for biometric recognition. In general, in the case of feature-based matching methods, the matching score is calculated as a ratio between the number of feature points and corresponding points. These methods need to normalize image deformation by fitting an image transformation model to images according to the correspondence between images. Then, the matching score is calculated from the normalized images so as to take into consideration image deformation. On the other hand, this paper proposes a score calculation method which calculates a matching score from positional information of corresponding point pairs. The proposed method does not need any deformation model defined for each biometric trait to handle image deformation. The combination of the matching scores defined by the number of corresponding points and the positional information improves the performance of biometric recognition algorithms, since these scores play a complementary role in decision. Through a set of experiments using a palmprint image database, we demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits efficient performance for biometric recognition.
Perceived Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: A Missing Link in Indian Banking Sector

The purpose of the article is to recognize the moderating effect of customer knowledge on perceived service quality and customer satisfaction through customer value evaluation in the Indian banking sector. This knowledge can considerably streamline the effort banks invest in acquiring the right kind of customers. The results of the study indicated that perceptions of service quality positively impacted customer value evaluation. Moreover, customer knowledge strengthened the relationship that the empathy and responsiveness dimensions of service quality had with customer value evaluation and moderated the relationship that reliability and tangibility dimensions had with customer value evaluation.
Changing approaches to the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Since this subject was last reviewed in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1), new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis have been approved for use in the United States, Europe, and other industrialized regions, and there has been significant clinical experience with their use. In addition, several other new diagnostic assays have been studied and may be nearing approval by the Food and Drug Administration (or similar agencies in other countries) for routine clinical use. This commentary will review the need for new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis, examine the status of currently available tests and of several promising tests in development, and discuss potential scenarios in which such diagnostic tests might be used.
Paths Through Addiction and Recovery: The Impact of Spirituality and Religion

The path into addiction and from addiction into recovery is a complicated one filled with personal strengths and weaknesses, motivational and behavioral tasks, significant support, and intrinsic and extrinsic influences that become part of a cyclical, seemingly chaotic process that leads to sustained, often radical change in the life of the addicted individual (DiClemente, 2003). Spirituality and more formal religious affiliation and practice often play an important role in this journey (Fletcher, 2001). Science, especially the science of psychology and psychiatry, has had a difficult time exploring and understanding the role that spirituality and religion play in addiction and recovery. Recently there has been renewed interest in exploring how spirituality and religious traditions can influence health (Thoresen, Oman, & Harris, 2004) as well as in the study of human nature, motivation and behavior change (Miller & Delaney, 2004). The articles in this special issue highlight important interactions between spirituality or religion and the process of addiction and change. These interactions can influence motivation and readiness to change, values and decision making, commitment, support for drug use or for recovery, stress production or reduction, sustaining change, and creating the foundation for a new lifestyle (DiClemente 2003; Humphreys & Gifford, 2006). It is interesting that religion and spirituality can act both as risk and as protective factors in initiation of and recovery from addiction. Initiation of the use of drugs can be fueled both by disenchantment with or rebellion against overly restrictive religious regulation as well as a search for spiritual enlightenment. Spiritual crises, epiphanies, and values embodied in various religious traditions such as forgiveness, a merciful god, humility, and redemption can also serve as important motivators that can spur readiness and strengthen commitment to move into recovery. The challenge for prevention and treatment is to understand whether and how spirituality and religious practice and values operate in the population of individuals that we are attempting to influence. Bringing in religion can be a two-edged sword that must be used carefully. Many