Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Object Management in Thor

Thor is a new object-oriented database management system (OODBMS), intended to be used in heterogeneous distributed systems to allow programs written in diierent programming languages to share objects in a convenient manner. Thor objects are persistent in spite of failures, are highly likely to be accessible whenever they are needed, and can be struc-tured to reeect the kinds of information of interest to users. Thor combines the advantages of the object-oriented approach with those of database systems: users can store and manipulate objects that capture the semantics of their applications, and can also access objects via queries. Thor is an ongoing project, and this paper is a snapshot: we describe our rst design and a partial implementation of that design. This design is primarily concerned with issues related to the implementation of an OODBMS as a distributed system.
Focal cortical thickness correlates of exceptional memory training in Vedic priests

The capacity for semantic memory—the ability to acquire and store knowledge of the world—is highly developed in the human brain. In particular, semantic memory assimilated through an auditory route may be a uniquely human capacity. One method of obtaining neurobiological insight into memory mechanisms is through the study of experts. In this work, we study a group of Hindu Vedic priests, whose religious training requires the memorization of vast tracts of scriptural texts through an oral tradition, recalled spontaneously during a lifetime of subsequent spiritual practice. We demonstrate focal increases of cortical thickness in regions of the left prefrontal lobe and right temporal lobe in Vedic priests, in comparison to a group of matched controls. The findings are relevant to current hypotheses regarding cognitive processes underlying storage and recall of long-term declarative memory.
Generation of Adaptive Immune Responses Following Influenza Virus Challenge is Not Compromised by Pre-Treatment with the TLR-2 Agonist Pam2Cys

Immunostimulatory agents provide a new category of anti-microbial agents that activate the host’s innate immune system allowing control of viral and/or bacterial infections. The TLR-2 agonist PEG-Pam2Cys has been shown to mediate potent anti-viral activity against influenza viruses when administered prophylactically (1). Here, we demonstrate that the treatment of mice with PEG-Pam2Cys does not compromise their ability to generate adaptive immune responses following subsequent challenge with influenza virus. The antibody induced in mice pre-treated with Pam2Cys possessed hemagglutination-inhibiting activities and the CD8+ T-cell responses that were elicited provided protection against heterologous viral challenge. In the absence of an effective influenza vaccine, an agent that provides immediate protection against the virus and does not compromise the induction of influenza-specific immunity on exposure to infectious virus provides an opportunity for population immunity to be achieved through natural exposure to virus.
Nanometer targeting of microtubules to focal adhesions

Although cell movement is driven by actin, polarization and directional locomotion require an intact microtubule cytoskeleton that influences polarization by modulating substrate adhesion via specific targeting interactions with adhesion complexes. The fidelity of adhesion site targeting is precise; using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), we now show microtubule ends (visualized by incorporation of GFP tubulin) are within 50 nm of the substrate when polymerizing toward the cell periphery, but not when shrinking from it. Multiple microtubules sometimes followed similar tracks, suggesting guidance along a common cytoskeletal element. Use of TIRFM with GFP- or DsRed-zyxin in combination with either GFP-tubulin or GFP–CLIP-170 further revealed that the polymerizing microtubule plus ends that tracked close to the dorsal surface consistently targeted substrate adhesion complexes. This supports a central role for the microtubule tip complex in the guidance of microtubules into adhesion foci, and provides evidence for an intimate cross-talk between microtubule tips and substrate adhesions in the range of molecular dimensions.
Narrative Therapy and the Nature Of “Innovative Moments” in the Construction of Change

In the narrative metaphor of psychotherapy, clients transform themselves by changing their life stories. According to White and Epston (1990), the construction of change occurs from the expansion of unique outcomes—or innovative moments, as we prefer to call them—that is, the development of episodes outside the problem-saturated narrative. Unique outcomes operate as exceptions to the rule (i.e., to the problem-saturated story) that can be changed to a new rule (i.e., a new narrative). We suggest that some forms of unique outcomes can operate as shadow voices (Gustafson, 1992) of the problem-saturated story, allowing a temporary release from the problem, but facilitating a return to it. In our view, there is a particular type of unique outcome—reconceptualization—that facilitates sustained change. This kind of innovation facilitates the emergence of a meta-level perspective about the change process itself and, in turn, enables the active positioning of the person as an author of the new narrative.
A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings.

Reviews of self–supervisor, self–peer, and peer–supervisor ratings have generally concluded that there is at best a modest correlation between different rating sources. Nevertheless, there has been much inconsistency across studies. Accordingly, a meta-analysis was conducted. The results indicated a relatively high correlation between peer and supervisor ratings (ρ= .62) but only a moderate correlation between self-supervisor (ρ= .35) and self-peer ratings (ρ= .36). While rating format (dimensional versus global) and rating scale (trait versus behavioral) had little impact as moderators, job type (managerial/professional versus blue-collar/service) did seem to moderate self-peer and self-supervisor ratings.
Tiered Fault Tolerance for Long-Term Integrity

Fault-tolerant services typically make assumptions about the type and maximum number of faults that they can tolerate while providing their correctness guarantees; when such a fault threshold is violated, correctness is lost. We revisit the notion of fault thresholds in the context of long-term archival storage. We observe that fault thresholds are inevitably violated in long-term services, making traditional fault tolerance inapplicable to the long-term. In this work, we undertake a "reallocation of the fault-tolerance budget" of a long-term service. We split the service into service pieces, each of which can tolerate a different number of faults without failing (and without causing the whole service to fail): each piece can be either in a critical trusted fault tier, which must never fail, or an untrusted fault tier, which can fail massively and often, or other fault tiers in between. By carefully engineering the split of a long-term service into pieces that must obey distinct fault thresholds, we can prolong its inevitable demise. We demonstrate this approach with Bonafide, a long-term key-value store that, unlike all similar systems proposed in the literature, maintains integrity in the face of Byzantine faults without requiring self-certified data. We describe the notion of tiered fault tolerance, the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of Bonafide, and argue that our approach is a practical yet significant improvement over the state of the art for long-term services.
Energy Gap in the Aetiology of Body Weight Gain and Obesity: A Challenging Concept with a Complex Evaluation and Pitfalls

The concept of energy gap(s) is useful for understanding the consequence of a small daily, weekly, or monthly positive energy balance and the inconspicuous shift in weight gain ultimately leading to overweight and obesity. Energy gap is a dynamic concept: an initial positive energy gap incurred via an increase in energy intake (or a decrease in physical activity) is not constant, may fade out with time if the initial conditions are maintained, and depends on the ‘efficiency' with which the readjustment of the energy imbalance gap occurs with time. The metabolic response to an energy imbalance gap and the magnitude of the energy gap(s) can be estimated by at least two methods, i.e. i) assessment by longitudinal overfeeding studies, imposing (by design) an initial positive energy imbalance gap; ii) retrospective assessment based on epidemiological surveys, whereby the accumulated endogenous energy storage per unit of time is calculated from the change in body weight and body composition. In order to illustrate the difficulty of accurately assessing an energy gap we have used, as an illustrative example, a recent epidemiological study which tracked changes in total energy intake (estimated by gross food availability) and body weight over 3 decades in the US, combined with total energy expenditure prediction from body weight using doubly labelled water data. At the population level, the study attempted to assess the cause of the energy gap purported to be entirely due to increased food intake. Based on an estimate of change in energy intake judged to be more reliable (i.e. in the same study population) and together with calculations of simple energetic indices, our analysis suggests that conclusions about the fundamental causes of obesity development in a population (excess intake vs. low physical activity or both) is clouded by a high level of uncertainty.
Coming to know oneself through experiential education

This article draws on the work of Foucault to explore why students on a residential program talk about learning about themselves as if it were an epiphany and one of the most empowering aspects of the program. Foucault's schema of turning to the self suggests that the pleasure students experience at ‘discovering’ themselves is a logical response to what he terms as one of the most powerful technologies of the self. Butler's work on giving an account of oneself is used to investigate the terms through which learning about the self occurs. She extends and inverts Foucault's schema, suggesting that one is only required to give an account of the self in the face of another. To become self-knowing requires recognition by another and recognition of others. While contemporary experiential education has been shaped by the maxim that nothing is more relevant to us than ourselves, I argue that perhaps this maxim should read; ‘Nothing is more relevant to us than those around us’.
Different Strategies for Reducing Intestinal Background Radioactivity Associated with Imaging HSV1-tk Expression Using Established Radionucleoside Probes

One limitation of HSV1-tk reporter positron emission tomography (PET) with nucleoside analogues is the high background radioactivity in the intestine. We hypothesized that endogenous expression of thymidine kinase in bacterial flora could phosphorylate and trap such radiotracers, contributing to the high radioactivity levels in the bowel, and therefore explored different strategies to increase fecal elimination of radiotracer. Intestinal radioactivity was assessed by in vivo microPET imaging and ex vivo tissue sampling following intravenous injection of 18F-FEAU, 124I-FIAU, or 18F-FHBG in a germ-free mouse strain. We also explored the use of an osmotic laxative agent and/or a 100% enzymatically hydrolyzed liquid diet. No significant differences in intestinal radioactivity were observed between germ-free and normal mice. 18F-FHBG-derived intestinal radioactivity levels were higher than those of 18F-FEAU and 124I-FIAU; the intestine to blood ratio was more than 20-fold higher for 18F-FHBG than for 18F-FEAU and 124I-FIAU. The combination of Peptamen and Nulytely lowered intestinal radioactivity levels and increased (2.2-fold) the HSV1-tk transduced xenograft to intestine ratio for 18F-FEAU. Intestinal bacteria in germ-free mice do not contribute to the high intestinal levels of radioactivity following injection of radionucleoside analogues. The combination of Peptamen and Nulytely increased radiotracer elimination by increasing bowel motility without inducing dehydration.
Correction to: Self-Report and Observer Ratings of Personality Functioning: A Study of the OPD System

On page 222, right column, line 49: “Pearson r = . 66” should be “Pearson r = . 62” On page 222, right column, line 53: “ranged between . 39 and . 63” should be “ranged between . 35 and . 59” On page 223, left column, lines 7–8: “MPat = 2.20, SD = 0.60; t = 9.10” should be “MPat = 2.15, SD = 0.54; t = 9.51” On page 223, left column, lines 26–27: “correlations of OPD scales were higher with borderline PDs than with avoidant PD” should be “correlations of OPD–LSIA scales on perception, regulation, and communication with others were higher with borderline PD than with avoidant PD, whereas correlations of OPD–SQ scales did not differ significantly between the two disorders” On page 223, footnote 1, line 5: “56.2% of the variance” should be “57.5% of the variance. ” On page 223, right column, line 4: “F(1, 98) = 29.66” should be “F(1,98) = 13.60” On page 223, right column, line 8: “(p = .17)” should be “(p = .57)” On page 224, left column, lines 40–45: “OPD–LSIA expert ratings as well as participant self-report (OPD–SQ) scales correlate higher with the borderline PD diagnosis as compared to avoidant PD. This might indicate that the deficiencies in personality functioning underlying borderline PD are more pronounced or more easily recognizable for both patients and observers” should be “OPD–LSIA expert ratings of perception, regulation, and communications with others correlated higher with BPD compared to APD, whereas participant self-report (OPD–SQ) scales show no difference in magnitude between the two disorders. This might indicate that some aspects of personality dysfunction are less recognizable for individuals with BPD than for observers” On page 223, left column, the reported numbers in Table 3 should be:
Readability level of standardized test items and student performance: The forgotten validity variable

Abstract Test validity issues considered by test developers and school districts rarely include individual item readability levels. In this study, items from a major standardized test were examined for individual item readability level and item difficulty. The Homan‐Hewitt Readability Formula was applied to items across three grade levels. Results of correlations of readability level and item difficulty at all three levels support the belief that the higher the item readability, the more students miss that item. A possible conclusion is that students miss items due to reading problems, not because of a lack of content knowledge. These data appear to support measuring individual item readability on standardized tests.
Health Change in Retirement A Longitudinal Study among Older Workers in the Netherlands

This study examined health change in retirement. Using multiactor panel data on 778 Dutch older workers who experienced the transition into retirement, ordinary least squares regression models were estimated to explain changes in medical consumption, the severity of health problems, and perceived health. The results show that retirement does not categorically harm or benefit health. Instead, health consequences vary across individuals and according to the health measures adopted. The results suggest that employees’ failure to control retirement according to their wishes adversely affects health. Older workers who perceived retirement as involuntary showed decreases in perceived health. The results do not provide empirical support for the hypothesis that the health consequences of retirement differ according to working conditions or job characteristics or older workers’ access to resources in terms of income and social contacts. Psychological factors play a role: Fear of retirement and self-efficacy are associated with health change in retirement. Keywords: older workers; retirement; subjective health; medical consumption; seriousness of illness; stressful life event
Migrating Towards Minority Status: Shifting European Policy Towards Roma

During the 1990s, European policy towards Roma evolved from concern about migration toward rhetoric about rights. In this article we trace that shift across two OSCE reports. Following rhetorical-action models, we show how the EU's commitment to enlargement and 'common values' compelled it to elaborate an internal approach to minority protection. Concerns about migration persist, but Europe now has to consider how to integrate Roma as minorities. Copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
SCREEN FOR DOMINANT BEHAVIORAL MUTATIONS CAUSED BY GENOMIC INSERTION OF P-ELEMENT TRANSPOSONS IN DROSOPHILA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE INTEGRATION OF VIRAL VECTOR SEQUENCES

Here we report the development of a high-throughput screen to assess dominant mutation rates caused by P-element transposition within the Drosophila genome that is suitable for assessing the undesirable effects of integrating foreign regulatory sequences (viral cargo) into a host genome. Three different behavioral paradigms were used: sensitivity to mechanical stress, response to heat stress, and ability to fly. The results, from our screen of 35,000 flies, indicate that mutations caused by the random insertion of transposons in Drosophila are more effective at disrupting flight than stress sensitivity. This approach was used to ascertain the frequency of deleterious dominant mutations caused by viral vectors utilized in gene therapy.
Inhibition of ATR protein kinase activity by schisandrin B in DNA damage response

ATM and ATR protein kinases play a crucial role in cellular DNA damage responses. The inhibition of ATM and ATR can lead to the abolition of the function of cell cycle checkpoints. In this regard, it is expected that checkpoint inhibitors can serve as sensitizing agents for anti-cancer chemo/radiotherapy. Although several ATM inhibitors have been reported, there are no ATR-specific inhibitors currently available. Here, we report the inhibitory effect of schisandrin B (SchB), an active ingredient of Fructus schisandrae, on ATR activity in DNA damage response. SchB treatment significantly decreased the viability of A549 adenocarcinoma cells after UV exposure. Importantly, SchB treatment inhibited both the phosphorylation levels of ATM and ATR substrates, as well as the activity of the G2/M checkpoint in UV-exposed cells. The protein kinase activity of immunoaffinity-purified ATR was dose-dependently decreased by SchB in vitro (IC50: 7.25 μM), but the inhibitory effect was not observed in ATM, Chk1, PI3K, DNA-PK, and mTOR. The extent of UV-induced phosphorylation of p53 and Chk1 was markedly reduced by SchB in ATM-deficient but not siATR-treated cells. Taken together, our demonstration of the ability of SchB to inhibit ATR protein kinase activity following DNA damage in cells has clinical implications in anti-cancer therapy.
Epilogue: The Mental Health Reform Cakewalk: Moving Forwards Backwards

Abstract This epilogue reviews the papers presented in this volume, drawing out the main themes and placing them in the context of the issues identified in the Not for Service report published by the Mental Health Council of Australia and the Brain and Mind Research Institute (2005). It uses the analogy of the cakewalk to describe the progress of mental health reform and the way in which progressive policies have been undermined over the reform period. It identifies the neoliberal policy context, inadequate resourcing and workplace issues as critical contributors to this process. It concludes with an analysis of some of the key areas in which a sociological perspective can make a major contribution.
Revision of AUDIT Consumption Items to Improve the Screening of Youth Binge Drinking

This study analyzes the appropriateness of an improved version of one of the most frequently used instruments for the screening of high-risk alcohol consumption. This adaptation was created in accordance with certain limitations recognized by other researchers and in an attempt to adjust the content and scales of some items to a more consensual definition of binge drinking. After revising items 2 and 3, the areas under the ROC curves of the AUDIT and of different abbreviated versions were calculated. A total of 906 minors (468 females) between the ages of 15 and 17 were evaluated. Stratified sampling was conducted on a population of high school students in the city of Valencia (Spain). One school was randomly chosen from each of the city’s 16 school districts. Information was collected on sociodemographic aspects, consumption patterns and the AUDIT containing the improved items. The percentage of underage BD reached 36%, regardless of gender or age. BD groups have been differentiated by different intensity levels, both in males and females. Upon comparing the effectiveness of the distinct versions of the AUDIT, it is recommended that researchers and clinics use the combination of the revised items 2 and 3 to ensure a more precise identification of underage BD. A cut-off point of 5 for this test would permit identification of 94% of the underage BD and would notably reduce false positives.
Explosive volcanism on Hecates Tholus, Mars - Investigation of eruption conditions

Evidence is presented supporting the identification of a discrete, well-preserved air fall deposit generated by explosive volcanism on Mars. The deposit is located immediately to the west of the summit caldera of Hecates Tholus (32oN, 209oW), the northernmost of the three volcanic constructs in the Elysium Planitia region. The absence of superposed impact craters larger than the resolution limit of the Viking images (40 m per pixel) indicates a very young age for this eruption, which evidently postdates even the most recent collapse episode of the Olympus Mons caldera (--300 m.y.B.P.; Neukum and Hiller (1981)). From the distribution of craters smaller than 2 km in diameter, it appears that the air fall material mantles an area about 50 x 75 km in extent to an estimated thickness of about 100 m. By adapting numerical models for terrestrial volcanic eruptions to the Martian environment, these dimensions imply an eruption cloud height of about 70 km. In order to attain such an altitude, the mass eruption rate must have been -- 107 kg/s and the volatile content either -- 1 wt % for H20 or --2 wt % for CO2. Although it is not possible to distinguish between silicic and basaltic volcanism on Hecates, were the volatile species CO2, the depth of most recent storage prior to eruption of the magma would have to be 50-100 km (due to the solubility of CO2 in the melt). If H20 were the driving volatile, a minimum depth of storage would be 0.2-4 km, thereby permitting the possibility of ground water assimilation by the magma.
A Program Evaluation Strategy in a Community-Based Behavioral Health and Education Services Agency for Children and Families

Evaluation research and outcomes measurement in the arena of behavioral health services for children must be adapted for the community agency setting. Through evaluation research, it is possible to address service goals as well as more traditional academic research goals. This article examines a variety of activities that have been implemented to evaluate children’s behavioral and educational services in a Northern California non-profit community agency. It is noted that there are multiple formats for collecting information from and providing comments to children’s parents, their clinicians, and program administration staff, all of which can be used to effectively address service-focused evaluation research goals. Challenges to doing scientifically rigorous research in a community setting require additional considerations regarding organizational culture and structure. Based on the experiences of the authors and the experiences of others, the article describes general principles that can guide evaluation research and outcomes measurement with children and their families in the community health agency setting.