Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extremely High Saturation Current-Bandwidth Product Performance of a Near-Ballistic Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode With a Flip-Chip Bonding Structure

In this study, we demonstrate near-ballistic uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (NBUTC-PDs) with an optimized flip-chip bonding structure, wide 3-dB optical-to-electrical (O-E) bandwidth (> 110 GHz), and extremely high saturation current-bandwidth product performance (37 mA, > 110 GHz, > 4070 mAmiddot GHz). NBUTC-PDs with different active areas (28-144 mum2) are fabricated and flip-chip bonded with coplanar waveguides onto an AlN-based pedestal. The overshoot drift velocity of the electrons in the collector layer of the NBUTC-PD means that both the thicknesses of the collector layer and active areas of our device can be increased to reduce the density of the output photocurrent, compared to that of the traditional UTC-PD. This improves the high power performance without seriously sacrificing the speed performance. According to the measured O-E frequency responses, devices with even a large active area (144 mum2 ) can still have a flat O-E frequency response, from near dc to 110 GHz. A three-port equivalent circuit model for accurately extracting the 3-dB bandwidth of the devices is established. The extracted 3-dB O-E bandwidth of a device with a small active area (28 mum2) can be as high as 280 GHz under a load of 25 Omega . In addition, the saturation current measurement results indicate that after inserting a center bonding pad on the pedestal (located below the p-metal of the NBUTC-PD for good heat sinking), the saturation current performance of the device becomes much higher than that of the control device (without the center bonding pad), especially for the device with a small active area (28 mum2 ). The measurement and modeling results indicate that a device with a 144 mum2 active area and optimized flip-chip bonding pedestal can achieve an extremely high saturation current-bandwidth product (6660 mA-GHz, 37 mA, 180 GHz).
Exercise training in older patients with systolic heart failure: Adherence, exercise capacity, inflammation and glycemic control

Objectives. Training improves exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (CHF) but most evidence is on selected younger patients with systolic CHF. Design. All patients diagnosed with CHF over 3 years were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty two patients with systolic CHF (LVEF<45, NYHA II-III) received supervised exercise training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Results. Mean age was 68.2 (+/−SD 11.3) years. Despite marked improvements in physical fitness (workload, 6 minute walk test, incremental shuttle walk test and sit to stand test), there were no changes in serological markers of glycemic control (glucose, insulin, glycerol, free fatty acids, HbA1c), inflammation and endothelial function (hsCRP, orosomucoid, interleukin 6, TNF-alpha, urine-orosomucoid and -albumin/creatinin), lipid metabolism, NT-proBNP or other regulatory hormones (cortisol, epinephrine and IGF-1). There were no changes in quality of life. Conclusions. The effect of exercise training in these older CHF-patients was not as impressive as reported in younger and more selected patients. More studies on the efficiency of exercise training that reflect the age- and co-morbidity of the majority of CHF-patients are needed.
Aplicación de métodos de aprendizaje automático para el estudio de la comorbilidad inversa entre cáncer y trastornos del sistema nervioso central

La cantidad de datos biologicos y medicos que se produce hoy en dia es enorme, y se podria decir que el campo de las ciencias de la vida forma parte ya del club del Big Data. Estos datos contienen informacion crucial que pueden ayudar a comprender mejor los mecanismos moleculares en los sistemas biologicos. Este conocimiento es fundamental para el progreso en el diagnostico y en el tratamiento de las enfermedades. La Bioinformatica, junto con la Biologia Computacional, son disciplinas que se encargan de organizar, analizar e interpretar los datos procedentes de la Biologia Molecular. De hecho, la complejidad y la heterogeneidad de los problemas biologicos requieren de un continuo diseno, implementacion y aplicacion de nuevos metodos y algoritmos. La mineria de datos biologicos es una tarea complicada debido a la naturaleza heterogenea y compleja de dichos datos, siendo estos muy dependientes de detalles especificos experimentales. Esta tesis se basa en el estudio de un problema biomedico complejo: la menor probabilidad de desarrollar algunos tipos de cancer en pacientes con ciertos trastornos del sistema nervioso central (SNC) u otros trastornos neurologicos, y viceversa. Denominamos a esta condicion como comorbilidad inversa. Desde el punto de vista medico, entender mejor las conexiones e interacciones entre cancer y trastornos neurologicos podria mejorar la calidad de vida y el efecto de la asistencia medica de millones de personas en todo el mundo. Aunque la comorbilidad inversa ha sido estudiada a nivel medico, a traves de estudios epidemiologicos, no se ha investigado en profundidad a nivel molecular.
Lebectin, a Macrovipera lebetina venom‐derived C‐type lectin, inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo

Integrins play an essential role in endothelial cell motility processes during angiogenesis and thus present interesting targets for the development of new anti‐angiogenic agents. Snake venoms naturally contain a variety of proteins that can affect integrin–ligand interactions. Recently, the C‐type lectin proteins (CLPs) have been characterized as efficient modulators of integrin functions. In this study, we investigated the anti‐angiogenic activity of lebectin, a newly discovered CLP from Macrovipera lebetina venom. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), used as an in vitro model, express αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1 integrins, as well as the α2, α3, α6, and β4 subunits. Our data show that lebectin acts as a very potent inhibitor (IC50 ≈ 0.5 nM) of HBMEC adhesion and migration on fibronectin by blocking the adhesive functions of both the α5β1 and αV integrins. In addition, lebectin strongly inhibits both HBMEC in vitro tubulogenesis on Matrigel™ (IC50 = 0.4 nM) and proliferation. Finally, using both a chicken CAM assay and a Matrigel™ Plug assay in nude mice, our results show that lebectin displays potent anti‐angiogenic activity in vivo. Lebectin thus represents a new C‐type lectin with anti‐angiogenic properties with great potential for the treatment of angiogenesis‐related diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 307–315, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting missing information in bug descriptions

Bug reports document unexpected software behaviors experienced by users. To be effective, they should allow bug triagers to easily understand and reproduce the potential reported bugs, by clearly describing the Observed Behavior (OB), the Steps to Reproduce (S2R), and the Expected Behavior (EB). Unfortunately, while considered extremely useful, reporters often miss such pieces of information in bug reports and, to date, there is no effective way to automatically check and enforce their presence. We manually analyzed nearly 3k bug reports to understand to what extent OB, EB, and S2R are reported in bug reports and what discourse patterns reporters use to describe such information. We found that (i) while most reports contain OB (i.e., 93.5%), only 35.2% and 51.4% explicitly describe EB and S2R, respectively; and (ii) reporters recurrently use 154 discourse patterns to describe such content. Based on these findings, we designed and evaluated an automated approach to detect the absence (or presence) of EB and S2R in bug descriptions. With its best setting, our approach is able to detect missing EB (S2R) with 85.9% (69.2%) average precision and 93.2% (83%) average recall. Our approach intends to improve bug descriptions quality by alerting reporters about missing EB and S2R at reporting time.
An MDE modeling framework for measurable goal‐oriented requirements

It is a proved fact that the appropriate management of requirements is one of the most influential factors in the success of software development projects. With the advent of the model‐driven engineering (MDE) development paradigm, the need for formal gathering mechanisms, which provide the necessary degree of nonambiguity and detail, has led to the proposal of a myriad of requirements metamodels. However, a great disparity exists, both in the concepts/relationships and in the underlying semantics involved in each metamodel. Moreover, most existing proposals lack backward (e.g., alignment with business goals) or forward (e.g., connection with validation methods) traceability. In view of this situation, this article proposes a “measurable requirements metamodel” that offers support to the elicitation of measurable requirements. This support is based on the explicit connection of goals, requirements, and measures, thus fostering a goal‐driven measurable requirements engineering (RE) perspective. Additionally, since it is well known that metamodels only reflect the abstract syntax of the modeling language, the proposed metamodel also includes a notation (concrete syntax) which, for reasons of understandability, is based on the goal‐oriented requirements language (GRL) notation. This notation is supported by a unified modeling language (UML) profile that facilitates its adoption by RE analysts in the context of any UML‐based software engineering process. To support this proposal, an Eclipse tool has been developed. This tool permits the integration of measurable requirements as a driving force in the context of a given MDE development process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A web-based braille translation for digital music scores

This paper proposes computer environment called BrailleMUSE that is a free Braille music translation server on the Internet. In experiments with expert Braille translators, translation errors occurred only at extremely slight frequency. Also, the BrailleMUSE has a mirror page to a music site showing about 4,000 digital scores. It was confirmed that the system provided Braille scores by working together with the music site. It is suggested that the system is suitable for practical use.
Biopotency in vitro and metabolic clearance rates of five pituitary preparations of follicle stimulating hormone.

Five pituitary preparations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), namely NIDDK-oFSH-17, Bioscan oFSH, Ovagen, Folltropin-V and F.S. H. -P., were examined for biological activity in terms of their potency in an in vitro bioassay, receptor assay and heterologous radioimmunoassay and in terms of their metabolic clearance rates. In the three assays, Bioscan oFSH was the most potent (P < 0.05) (3- to 5-fold the potency of NIDDK-oFSH-17), with Ovagen being 25-50% the potency of the NIDDK standard (P < 0.05). Folltropin-V and F.S. H. -P. had the lowest potencies in all three assays. For each preparation, the ratio of activities between the assays was not consistent, suggesting that the preparations behaved differently in each assay. In 9 of 10 cases, potency estimates in the heterologous radioimmunoassay were greater than those in the in vitro bioassay or receptor assay. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the preparations showed banding consistent with the molecular weight of FSH, but also indicated that the preparations were contaminated with other proteins to varying extents. The half-lives of these preparations when injected into the bloodstream of mature female mice were 28.0, 8.6, 13.4, 11.6 and 17.4 min for NIDDK-oFSH-17, Bioscan oFSH, Ovagen, Folltropin-V and F.S. H. -P. respectively. The slopes of the decay rates were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05) except between Ovagen and Folltropin-V. The results of these studies show that a number of widely available FSH preparations have differing biopotencies. Moreover, the biopotency of a preparation in vitro is not related to its metabolic clearance rate, and not all FSH preparations behave identically in different assays. Measures of biopotency in vitro combined with those of metabolic clearance rate may provide useful information on the properties of FSH preparations used for research purposes and for superovulation of farmed livestock.
Evaluation of Human and Dummy Finite Element Models under Spaceflight Loading Conditions

In an effort to develop occupant protection standards for future crewed spacecraft, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been investigating the test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) dummy in relevant impact test scenarios. In this study, the biofidelity of THOR and total human model for safety (THUMS) finite element (FE) models were evaluated against a series of human-volunteer tests previously performed by the United States Air Force (USAF). The pre-test human position and sled acceleration pulses measured during testing were used to setup the FE simulations. Predicted responses by both human and dummy models were compared to human test data recorded under the same impact conditions. In addition, dummy injury criteria and human stress/strain data were calculated to evaluate the risk of injury predicted by the dummy and human model, respectively. While some differences were observed in thorax load distribution and neck stiffness, the results show reasonable biofidelity of the dummy/human FE models in terms of kinematic response. In addition predicted dummy injury criteria and human model stress/strain values are shown to positively relate. As a compliment to dummy testing, numerical simulation provide efficient means to assess vehicle safety throughout the design process and further improve the design of physical dummies. The assessment of the THOR and THUMS FE models in spaceflight testing condition is an essential first step to implementing these models in the computational evaluation of space transport vehicle occupant safety. Promising results suggest future use of these models in this field.
Towards ONOS-based SDN monitoring using in-band network telemetry

In the modern era of software-defined networking (SDN), network monitoring is becoming more important in providing information for SDN controllers to control networks. However, current monitoring methods, based primarily on sampling and polling, have performance and granularity limitations. Inband Network Telemetry (INT) is a new method that can perform end-to-end monitoring directly in the data plane, enabling real-time and fine-grained network monitoring. In this paper, we present an INT architecture for the UDP and discuss its design and implementation in Open Network Operating System (ONOS) controller. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first INT monitoring system in ONOS.
The Use of the 5-Year-Olds' Index: Comparison between Study Models and Intraoral Photographs

Objective To determine if photographs may be used instead of dental study models to assess the outcome of primary surgery in 5- to 6-year-olds who were born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective method comparison study. Setting Five U.K. cleft units. Subjects Records of 96 children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Method Dental study models and photographs including an overjet measurement taken from both the most prominent and retrusive tooth in each case were scored using the 5-year-olds' index. Results There was moderate to very good agreement between the methods of using study models or photographs. Intraexaminer agreement was moderate to very good for study models. For the photographs it was good to very good. Overall interexaminer agreement was moderate for both study models and photographs. Conclusions When impressions are difficult to obtain, intraoral photographs with clinically recorded overjet measurements may be used for the 5-year-olds' index.
Down-regulation of CASK in glucotoxicity-induced insulin dysfunction in pancreatic &bgr; cells

High-glucose level exerts deleterious effects on pancreatic β cells, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) plays a vital role in neural development and release of neurotransmitters, and probably plays a role in the anchoring of insulin on pancreatic β cell membrane. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is involved in β-cell dysfunction. The aim of this study was to provide some basic evidence that CASK could be involved in glucotoxicity-induced insulin secretion dysfunction mediated by HIF1α in INS-1E cells. CASK overexpression plasmid, HIF1α agonist (CoCl2), and HIF1α selective inhibitor (KC7F2) were used. The results showed that chronic stimulation with high glucose could induce insulin secretion dysfunction in INS-1E β cells. Overexpression of CASK partially reversed the effects of high glucose on insulin secretion. CoCl2 reduced the expression of CASK, but KC7F2 reversed the glucotoxicity-induced CASK level reduction. These results suggested that glucotoxicity-induced insulin secretion defects in INS-1E cells could be mediated by HIF1α via the down-regulation of CASK.
Polarity-Invariant Square Law Technology for Monobit Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband Receivers

In this paper, a novel nonlinear signal processing technology, which is denoted as the polarity-invariant square law (PISL) algorithm, is proposed to compensate nonlinear distortions caused by monobit digitization and to mitigate the performance degradation of impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) receivers employing monobit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). An analytical framework based on characteristic functions has been developed to evaluate bit error rates of monobit transmitted-reference (TR) receivers and performance improvement offered by the PISL algorithm. Both theoretical analysis and simulations show that by employing the PISL algorithm, the monobit weighted TR (MWTR) receivers can achieve a bit-error-rate performance that is more than 10 dB over the direct-reference algorithm and is less than 1.5 dB away from the performance bound of the MWTR receivers in intravehicle UWB channels. Furthermore, the MWTR receiver employing the PISL algorithm is insensitive to a correlation interval; this feature not only reduces complexity of the receiver design but also ensures performance robustness over various multipath channels. Therefore, the PISL algorithm can be considered an enabling technology for the monobit IR-UWB receivers that demand high performance, lower power consumption, and low complexity.
Microarray analysis of transcription factor gene expression in melatonin‐treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Abstract: The existence of specific melatonin‐binding sites in lymphoid cells led to the discovery of signal transduction pathway for melatonin in human lymphocytes and immunomodulatory role of melatonin in immune cells. In recent years, transcriptional regulation of melatonin on various transcription factors has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study was designed to assess by cDNA microarray analysis the regulatory effects of melatonin on transcription factors in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Forty‐six genes were upregulated and 23 were downregulated more than twofold in melatonin‐treated PBMCs. Of the more than twofold upregulated transcription factor genes, homeo box A4 (HOXA4), forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A), transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 3 (TCEB3), and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor delta (PPARD) were identified. Of the more than twofold downregulated genes, PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15) and zinc finger protein 33a (ZNF33A) were identified. In summary, identification of these genes by cDNA microarray analysis in response to melatonin administration may provide a foundation for further studies on the function of melatonin in human PBMCs.
Statistical Variability Analysis of SRAM Cell for Emerging Transistor Technologies

Several emerging devices have been proposed to continue the CMOS scaling. To assess scalability, device and circuit variability estimation is essential. Variability in static noise margin (SNM) in a 6T-SRAM cell is a key metric to assess the impact of device-level variability at the circuit level. This is usually enabled by SPICE simulations, which needs device compact models. However, the development of a SPICE model usually takes a significant amount of time (e.g., a few years). In this paper, we present a method to enable the evaluation of the SRAM cell SNM variability based on the ID-VG distribution at various VDS values of a device (obtained either experimentally or from TCAD), which can enable this assessment before the development of a SPICE model. Thus, it enhances the accuracy by being able to capture the effects of full ID-VG distribution rather than just VT distribution. The method is validated against HSPICE for a variety of SRAM parameters, such as Read, Hold, and Write SNM, write trip point, and read current (IREAD) to show excellent accuracy. The method also shows a 30× improvement in computational efficiency over mixed-mode TCAD-based stochastic SRAM simulation. A case study for the comparison of recently proposed low-variability EDFinFET with FinFET is presented using this method.
Capacity and Outage Probability in Multiuser OFDM Dual-Hop Relay Systems

The conventional amplify-and-forward relaying protocol has less complex but worse performance than the decode-and-forward type. In the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multihop relay systems, the system capacity can be enhanced via using the subcarrier permutation scheme at the relay terminals. However, under the multiuser scenario, one subcarrier may possess the best condition for several users, but only one user can choose it to transmit the data. This competitive relation among users will influence the system performance. In this paper, the system capacity and outage probability with a direct link are studied for the multiuser OFDM dual-hop relay system in Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation and numerical results show that the system performance has a large impact under a multiuser scenario.
Motility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cell of Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH gliding on a glass surface in liquid medium were examined by microscopic observation and quantitatively by microcinematography (30 frames per min). Comparisons were made only within the individual experiments. The cells moved in an irregular pattern with numerous narrow bends and circles. They never changed their leading end. The average speed (without pauses) was relatively constant between o.2 and 0.5 mum/s. The maximum speed was about 1.5 to 2.0 mum/s. The movements were interrupted by resting periods of different lengths and frequency. Temperature, viscosity, pH, and the presence of yeast extract in the medium influenced the motility significantly; changes in glucose, calcium ions, and serum content were less effective. The movements were affected by iodoacetate, p-mercuribenzoate, and mitomycin C at inhibitory or subinhibitory concentrations. Sodium fluoride, sodium cyanide, dinitrophenol, chloramphenicol, puromycin, cholchicin, and cytochalasin B at minimal inhibitory concentrations did not affect motility. The movements were effectively inhibited by anti-M. pneumoniae antiserum. Studies with absorbed antiserum suggested that the surface components involved in motility are heat labile. The gliding of M. pneumoniae cells required an intact energy metabolism and the proteins involved seemed to have a low turnover.
The Robotic Sixth Finger : a compensatory tool for regaining grasping capability in chronic stroke patients

This paper presents preliminary results of segmental angular momenta analysis in human walking subjected to lateral pelvic perturbations. The results show that angular momenta of specific segments, right upper leg and right foot in the study, were mostly affected by the applied perturbations. This finding will be further utilized to develop a perturbation detection method for monitoring stability while lower limb exoskeleton-supported walking. Keywords—Angular momentum; walking; perturbation