Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity of children aged 6-36 months in rural areas of Northern Ghana

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the relationship between agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity of children and whether factors such as economic access may affect this relationship. This paper is based on data collected in a baseline cross-sectional survey in November 2013.The study population comprising 1200 mother-child pairs was selected using a two-stage cluster sampling. Dietary diversity was defined as the number of food groups consumed 24 h prior to the assessment. The number of crop and livestock species produced on a farm was used as the measure of production diversity. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify predictors and test for interactions. Whereas the average production diversity score was 4.7 ± 1.6, only 42.4% of households consumed at least four food groups out of seven over the preceding 24-h recall period. Agricultural biodiversity (i.e. variety of animals kept and food groups produced) associated positively with dietary diversity of children aged 6–36 months but the relationship was moderated by household socioeconomic status. The interaction term was also statistically significant [β = −0.08 (95% CI: −0.05, −0.01, p = 0.001)]. Spearman correlation (rho) analysis showed that agricultural biodiversity was positively associated with individual dietary diversity of the child more among children of low socioeconomic status in rural households compared to children of high socioeconomic status (r = 0.93, p < 0.001 versus r = 0.08, p = 0.007). Socioeconomic status of the household also partially mediated the link between agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity of a child’s diet. The effect of increased agricultural biodiversity on dietary diversity was significantly higher in households of lower socioeconomic status. Therefore, improvement of agricultural biodiversity could be one of the best approaches for ensuring diverse diets especially for households of lower socioeconomic status in rural areas of Northern Ghana.
TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS FOR NICA BOOSTER SYNCHROTRON

Serial tests of the SC-magnets of the NICA Booster (0.6 GeV/u, 211 m circumference superconducting booster synchrotron) started at the dedicated facility of LHEP JINR. Magnets' assembly and testing workflow are presented. First results of serial tests are presented and discussed.
Importance of Flexibility on Decreasing Work-family Conflict Among Employed Mothers

In this study the role of two types of flexibility, based on time and place, on work-family conflict was investigated among employed women who have at least one child age of 6 or younger. Although the role of flexibility has been studied in previous studies it is novel to compare types of flexibility among mothers in Turkey. Participants were asked to complete a 15 minutes online survey. One hundred and fifty employed mothers who have at least one child age of 6 or younger were participated. In order to test the hypothesis linear regression analyses were conducted. Results showed that for work-family conflict, temporal flexibility is important whereas for family-work conflict operational flexibility is much more important. This study highlighted the differences between flexible work arrangements which is beneficial for human resources departments and public policy practices. Therefore, they can consider new plans which will be developed at workplace for offering flexibility in order to deal with work-family conflict.
HOW DO ADOLESCENTS USE SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING INCREASING STRATEGIES ACCORDING TO THEIR PERSONALITY TRAITS?

The aim of this study is to examine how adolescents use strategies for increasing subjective well being according to their personality traits. A total of 246 high school students in between the ages of 14-16 participated in the study 125 of whom were female (51%) and 121 were male (49%). Subjective Well-Being Increasing Strategies Scale for Adolescents and the Big Five Personality Scale were used in the study. Regression analysis method was used for data analysis. According to results of study, the subjective well-being increasing strategies that adolescents use vary according to personality traits. In order to increase adolescent’s subjective wellbeing, this findings should be considered. ERGENLER KIŞILIK OZELLIKLERINE UYGUN OLARAK HANGI OZNEL IYI OLUŞU ARTIRMA STRATEJILERINI KULLANIRLAR? Bu calismanin amaci, ergenlerin kisilik ozelliklerine bagli olarak kullandiklari oznel iyi olusu artirma stratejilerini belirlemektir. Calismaya 14-16 yaslari arasinda yer alan topla 246 ergen katilmistir. Ergenlerin 125’I kiz iken (%51) ve 121’I ise erkektir (%49). Calismada Oznel Iyi Olusu Artirma Stratejileri Olcegi ile Bes Faktorlu Kisilik olcegi kullanilmistir. Arastirmada verilerin analizinde regresyon analizi tekniginden yararlanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, farkli kisilik ozelliklerine sahip ergenler farkli oznel iyi olusu artirma stratejilerini kullanmaktadirlar. Ergenlerin oznel iyi olus duzeylerinin yukseltilmesinde bu arastirma sonuclarindan yararlanilabilinir.
Interim evaluation of the Victorian Safer Road Infrastructure Program Stage 3 (SRIP3)

The Safer Road Infrastructure Program Stage 3 (SRIP3) is a $1b road infrastructure improvement program delivered over 10 years from 2007 aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of crashes at high risk locations across Victoria. This paper presents the results of an interim evaluation of 553 projects completed under SRIP3 up to 2014 at a cost of $481M. Evaluation has been conducted in terms of the impact of the program on reducing the frequency and severity of crashes both for the program as a whole as well as for both broad and specific treatment types implemented under the program.
Optimized energy ingestion in IoT enabled sensor nodes : a survey 1

This survey reviews the energy effective mechanisms that direct the Internet of Thing (IoT) evolution while examining the specific areas for energy optimization in wireless sensor nodes. This paper emphasizes the progress in evolving energy techniques which target to reform the skeleton of IoT. Energy dissipation of an IoT sensor node on its layer-based structure is discussed in the paper. An energy saving technique is surveyed under the relationship of IoT and the cognitive radio networks in mobility aspects. In addition, a feedback based energy profiling and reduction of control frame size techniques are discussed that in what manners do they help to reduce energy dissipation. In this paper, we focused on the need of energy optimization for sensor nodes by considering the heterogeneous nature of IoT node for the future needs.
Cortical Neurons Encoding Path and Place: Where You Go Is Where You Are

We recorded neuronal activity in monkey medial superior temporal (MST) cortex during movement on a motorized sled. Most neurons showed a preferred heading direction, but some responded only when that heading was part of a particular path. Others responded only when the animal was at a certain place in the room, regardless of its path to that place. Video simulations of the self-movement scene evoked path, but not place, responses. Stationary positioning in the room revealed location preferences that matched place preferences recorded during movement. We conclude that MST encodes heading, path, and place information to support visuospatial orientation.
Bacterial communities closely associated with coral tissues vary under experimental and natural reef conditions and thermal stress

The coral holobiont model highlights the integral role bacteria play in the health of reef-building corals. Documenting the natural diversity of bacterial communities within, and closely associated with, coral tissues provides information on the diversity, interaction and roles of bacteria to the function of reef-building corals. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation was used to visualise bacterial communities closely associated with the tissues of experimentally manipulated reef corals to determine how tissue-associated coral–bacterial interactions vary from normal associations in apparently healthy reef corals, to those occurring in controlled and thermally stressed experimental conditions. Branches of 2 coral species of the Great Barrier Reef, Acropora aspera and Stylophora pistillata, were collected from reefs adjacent to Heron Island and were maintained in controlled outdoor flow-through aquaria conditions. Following acclimation, the branches were stressed using elevated temperatures to investigate the in situ (within-tissue) bacterial community changes. In situ bacterial community dynamics were found to vary not only due to maintenance within the aquaria conditions, but also following coral bleaching. An aggregation of rod-shaped γ-proteobacteria was evident within the gastrodermis of corals regardless of health or bleaching status, consistent with aggregations described within other coral species. However, bacterial colonisation of the tissues occurred only following the temperature-induced bleaching of the coral tissues. This study demonstrates that the natural bacterial communities of corals are severely altered during stress associated with experimental and field conditions, which suggests a potential mechanism for the link between disease and stresses arising from global warming.
lterations in amygdala functional connectivity reflect early emperament my

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament identified early in life that is associated with increased risk for anxiety disorders. Amygdala hyperresponsivity, found both in behaviorally inhibited and anxious individuals, suggests that amygdala dysfunction may represent a marker of anxiety risk. However, broader amygdala networks have not been examined in individuals with a history of childhood BI. This study uses resting state fMRI to assess amygdala intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) in 38 healthy young adults (19 with a history of BI, 19 with no history of BI) selected from a longitudinal study. Centromedial, basolateral, unctional connectivity
Improving Outcomes in Patients With Sepsis

Sepsis mortality may be improved by early recognition and appropriate treatment based on evidence-based guidelines. An intervention was developed that focused on earlier identification of sepsis, early antimicrobial administration, and an educational program that was disseminated throughout all hospital units and services. There were 1331 patients with sepsis during the intervention period and 1401 patients with sepsis during the control period. After controlling for expected mortality, patients in the intervention period had 30% lower odds of dying (odds ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 0.84). They also had 1.07 fewer days on average in the intensive care unit (95% CI = −1.98 to −0.16), 2.15 fewer hospital days (95% CI = −3.45 to −0.86), and incurred on average $1949 less in hospital costs, although the effect on costs was not statistically significant. Continued incremental improvement and sustainment is anticipated through organizational oversight, continued education, and initiation of an automated electronic sepsis alert function.
How Feelings of Stereotype Threat Influence Older Adults' Memory Performance

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present research was to explore the role of stereotype threat as a mediator of older people's memory performance under different instructional sets. In three studies, younger and older participants completed a memory test that was either framed as a memorization or as an impression formation task. Across these studies, memory performance was greater for younger than for older adults and was higher in the impression formation than memorization condition, but was not different for older adults in the two instruction conditions. These results also showed that age differences in memory performance were mediated by participants' feelings of stereotype threat, such that age was positively related to stereotype threat and stereotype threat was negatively related to memory performance. These data demonstrate that concerns about being negatively stereotyped influence age differences in memory performance, and that the effects of these feelings on performance are not easily reduced by reframing the task instructions.
TICS 1472 No . of Pages 10 Opinion Mood as Representation of Momentum

Experiences affectmood, which in turn affects subsequent experiences. Recent studies suggest two specific principles. First, mood depends on how recent reward outcomes differ from expectations. Second, mood biases the way we perceive outcomes (e.g., rewards), and this bias affects learning about those outcomes. We propose that this two-way interaction serves to mitigate inefficiencies in the application of reinforcement learning to real-world problems. Specifically, we propose that mood represents the overall momentum of recent outcomes, and its biasing influence on the perception of outcomes ‘corrects’ learning to account for environmental dependencies. We describe potential dysfunctions of this adaptive mechanism that might contribute to the symptoms of mood disorders.
Association study of the commonly recognized breakpoints in chromosome 15q11–q13 in Japanese autistic patients

Objective Chromosome 15q11–q13 has been proposed to harbor a gene for autism susceptibility because deletions of the region lead to Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome, whose phenotypes overlap with autism. These deletions generally occur with the use of three commonly recognized breakpoints (BP1, BP2, and BP3); therefore, it may be possible that genes located in the breakpoints are impaired and contribute to autism susceptibility. No study, however, has investigated the genetic association between the breakpoints and autism, to our knowledge. Here, we investigated the association between the common breakpoints of chromosome 15q11–q13 and autism in a Japanese population. Methods We genotyped 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 166 patients with autistic disorder and 415 healthy controls. The SNPs are located in two additional distal breakpoints (BP4 and BP5), involved in duplications and triplications of the region, as well as in BP1 and BP3. Results No significant difference was observed between the controls and patients in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions of the 12 SNPs. In the analyses of the suggested five haplotypes, no significant difference between the controls and patients was observed in the distributions of any estimated haplotypes. When confining the patients to only males, a difference was observed in a two-marker haplotype in BP3 between the controls and patients (global permutation P value=0.006), although the statistical level became insignificant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion This study provides no positive evidence of the association between the common breakpoints of chromosome 15q11–q13 and autism in the Japanese population.
Specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in children

Purpose of reviewAllergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease affecting 20–40% of the children worldwide. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. This article reviews the recent advances in SIT for children. Recent findingsIn current clinical practice, immunotherapy is delivered as either subcutaneous immunotherapy or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Most meta-analyses and reviews concluded a trend that subcutaneous immunotherapy was better than SLIT in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis and rescue medication use, however, SLIT has a better safety profile than subcutaneous immunotherapy. Additionally, the absence of pain on administration of therapy is a character of SLIT, which is well suited for children. T regulatory cells, especially Tr1 cells that secrete interleukin-10 and induce production of immunoglobulin G4, play a role during SIT. SummaryAlthough there is substantial evidence for effectiveness of both subcutaneous immunotherapy and SLIT, safer and more effective SIT approaches are needed. New approaches to improve SIT include omalizumab pretreatment, use of recombinant allergens, and alternate routes of administration.
Approximate Guarantees for Dictionary Learning

In the dictionary learning (or sparse coding) problem, we are given a collection of signals (vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$), and the goal is to find a "basis" in which the signals have a sparse (approximate) representation. The problem has received a lot of attention in signal processing, learning, and theoretical computer science. The problem is formalized as factorizing a matrix $X (d \times n)$ (whose columns are the signals) as $X = AY$, where $A$ has a prescribed number $m$ of columns (typically $m \ll n$), and $Y$ has columns that are $k$-sparse (typically $k \ll d$). Most of the known theoretical results involve assuming that the columns of the unknown $A$ have certain incoherence properties, and that the coefficient matrix $Y$ has random (or partly random) structure. The goal of our work is to understand what can be said in the absence of such assumptions. Can we still find $A$ and $Y$ such that $X \approx AY$? We show that this is possible, if we allow violating the bounds on $m$ and $k$ by appropriate factors that depend on $k$ and the desired approximation. Our results rely on an algorithm for what we call the threshold correlation problem, which turns out to be related to hypercontractive norms of matrices. We also show that our algorithmic ideas apply to a setting in which some of the columns of $X$ are outliers, thus giving similar guarantees even in this challenging setting.
Replica-exchange Nosé-Hoover dynamics for Bayesian learning on large datasets

In this paper, we propose a new sampler for Bayesian learning that can rapidly draw representative samples from complex posterior distributions with multiple isolated modes in the presence of mini-batch noise. This is achieved by simulating a collection of replicas in parallel with different temperatures and periodically swapping them. When evolving the replicas' states, the Nose-Hoover dynamics is applied, which adaptively neutralizes the mini-batch noise. To perform proper exchanges, a new protocol is developed with a noise-aware test of acceptance, by which the detailed balance is reserved in an asymptotic way. While its efficacy on complex multimodal posteriors has been illustrated by testing over synthetic distributions, experiments with deep Bayesian neural networks on large-scale datasets have shown its significant improvements over strong baselines.
Leaves for packings with block size four.

We consider maximum packings of edge-disjoint $4$-cliques in the complete graph $K_n$. When $n \equiv 1$ or $4 \pmod{12}$, these are simply block designs. In other congruence classes, there are necessarily uncovered edges; we examine the possible `leave' graphs induced by those edges. We give particular emphasis to the case $n \equiv 0$ or $3 \pmod{12}$, when the leave is $2$-regular. Colbourn and Ling settled the case of Hamiltonian leaves in this case. We extend their construction and use several additional direct and recursive constructions to realize a variety of $2$-regular leaves. For various subsets $S \subseteq \{3,4,5,\dots\}$, we establish explicit lower bounds on $n$ to guarantee the existence of maximum packings with any possible leave whose cycle lengths belong to $S$.
The Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization in Tanzania

This paper examines the argument that trade liberalization depresses the import duty revenue, and consequently adversely affects the total tax revenue. The study is thought to be significant because Tanzania experiences difficulty in replacing import duty revenue loss as a consequence of trade reform by strengthening its consumption tax system. In the course of analysis, cointegration analysis and error correction modelling are employed over the 1979/80-2009/10 period. The empirical results show that import duty revenue-to-GDP ratio is positively related to tariff rates, implying that a reduction in the tariff rates results in a significant loss of import duty revenue. The results also show that the removal of protectionist policies led to an increase in import-to-GDP ratio which in turn led to rising shares of import duty revenue in GDP. Finally, the results generate some policy implications. The proper issue in tax design under trade liberalization, Tanzania needs to strengthen the domestic tax system and raise tax revenue without increasing tax rates by reinforcing tax and customs administrations so as to maintain fiscal stability.
Fast mixing of Metropolized Hamiltonian Monte Carlo: Benefits of multi-step gradients

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is a state-of-the-art Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for drawing samples from smooth probability densities over continuous spaces. We study the variant most widely used in practice, Metropolized HMC with the Stormer-Verlet or leapfrog integrator, and make two primary contributions. First, we provide a non-asymptotic upper bound on the mixing time of the Metropolized HMC with explicit choices of stepsize and number of leapfrog steps. This bound gives a precise quantification of the faster convergence of Metropolized HMC relative to simpler MCMC algorithms such as the Metropolized random walk, or Metropolized Langevin algorithm. Second, we provide a general framework for sharpening mixing time bounds Markov chains initialized at a substantial distance from the target distribution over continuous spaces. We apply this sharpening device to the Metropolized random walk and Langevin algorithms, thereby obtaining improved mixing time bounds from a non-warm initial distribution.
Minimizing approximately submodular functions

The problem of minimizing a submodular function is well studied; several polynomial-time algorithms have been developed to solve it exactly or up to arbitrary accuracy. However, in many applications, the objective functions are not exactly submodular. In this paper, we show that a classical algorithm used for submodular minimization performs well even for a class of non-submodular functions, namely weakly DR-submodular functions. We provide the first approximation guarantee for non-submodular minimization. This broadly expands the range of applications of submodular minimization techniques.
A unified variance-reduced accelerated gradient method for convex optimization

We propose a novel randomized incremental gradient algorithm, namely, VAriance-Reduced Accelerated Gradient (Varag), for finite-sum optimization. Equipped with a unified step-size policy that adjusts itself to the value of the condition number, Varag exhibits the unified optimal rates of convergence for solving smooth convex finite-sum problems directly regardless of their strong convexity. Moreover, Varag is the first accelerated randomized incremental gradient method that benefits from the strong convexity of the data-fidelity term to achieve the optimal linear convergence. It also establishes an optimal linear rate of convergence for solving a wide class of problems only satisfying a certain error bound condition rather than strong convexity. Varag can also be extended to solve stochastic finite-sum problems.