Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of tap changes on an electricity grid

Demand side management (DSM) is a key concept for smart grid. In order to achieve DSM, network stress information needs to be provided to the users, which normally requires two-way communication between users and an upper level control centre. Implementing such communication in large scale power networks will be both costly and introduces problems with security and privacy of data. On-load tap changes (OLTC) are used to adjust the voltage at the users' side in response to network conditions. By detecting tap changes, an indication of the level of network stress can be provided to users without communicating with a control centre, which provides an economical and efficient measure for network stress. This paper presents a tap change detection algorithm based on Hilbert-transform phase-locked loops, Q-R decomposition windowed recursive least square algorithm and a hypothesis test, which can distinguish tap changes made by an OLTC transformer from the fluctuation in voltage caused by changes in loads. In this paper, the tap change detection algorithm is illustrated and the results for both simulated input and real-time data are presented and discussed.
Intravascular ultrasound tissue characterization. I like the rainbow but...what's behind the colours?

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) remains the gold standard for, precise, high-quality visualization of atherosclerotic plaque on the vessel wall.1 Conventional grey-scale IVUS provides unique insights into the underlying substrate of atherosclerotic disease, and classical studies have demonstrated that plaque echogenicity correlated with its histological composition. However, despite its ability to provide direct insight on plaque composition, grey-scale IVUS has been unable to identify vulnerable plaques.2 The reason for this appears to be multifaceted. First, the current resolution of the technique is unable to define some subtle characteristics of these plaques, including the thickness of the fibrous cap. Secondly, ‘thrombotic-prone’ plaques have several pathological substrates apart from the classical ‘vulnerable plaque’ (i.e. thin cap fibroateroma) and, phenotypically, constitute a moving target. Thirdly, further accuracy to identify better the distinct histological components of atherosclerotic plaques with IVUS is clearly required. Some technological developments have attempted to overcome the limitations of conventional IVUS to elucidate plaque components.2–6 All of them rely on sophisticated mathematical analyses of the raw radiofrequency signal, aim to obtain real-time clinically meaningful tissue characterization, and provide a “ rainbow ” of appealing colours encoding different plaque components.2–6 Direct use of radiofrequency data avoids signal alterations induced by automated processing and gain adjustments. Integrated backscatter IVUS (IB-IVUS) uses the fast Fourier transformation to analyse frequencies within the signal and provides colour-coded tissue maps of plaque components (lipid, fibrous, and calcified) enabling tissue characterization with a good correlation with histological and angioscopic findings.3 Some provocative preliminary studies have even suggested that IB-IVUS may allow the detection of changes in plaque characteristics induced by lipid-lowering drugs and could also help to predict future coronary events.2,4 Alternative modalities of tissue characterization, namely wavelet analysis of radiofrequency signals, have also been validated to … *Corresponding author. Email: falf{at}hotmail.com
Prolonged practice is of scarce benefit in improving motor performance in Parkinson's disease

Many studies have addressed practice effects in motor sequences in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most studied short‐term practice and showed that treated patients with mild‐to‐moderate disease achieve normal or slightly abnormal improvement. Less attention has focused on practice effects after prolonged training (days), and the results are inconclusive. Here, we studied the kinematic changes induced by prolonged practice in a group of medicated patients with mild‐to‐moderate PD and a healthy control group. We did so by analyzing an internally determined sequential arm movement performed as fast and accurately as possible before and after a 2‐week training period. After 1‐day's practice, movement duration, pause duration, and movement accuracy improved similarly in patients and controls, indicating that patients benefitted normally from short‐term practice. After 1‐week's practice, movement and pause duration improved further in both groups, whereas movement accuracy remained unchanged. After 2‐weeks' practice, healthy controls continued to improve but patients did not, indicating reduced prolonged practice benefit in PD. Because short‐term practice benefit on motor performance is thought to be mediated predominantly by cerebellar activation, whereas long‐term practice benefit relies predominantly on the basal ganglia, we attribute our findings to the underlying basal ganglia dysfunction in PD. Our study may be relevant for planning and executing rehabilitation programs in these patients. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Author ' s personal copy Isotopic evolution of a seasonal snowcover and its melt by isotopic exchange between liquid water and ice

a Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA c Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903 Switzerland d Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e Central Sierra Snow Laboratory, Box 810, Soda Springs, CA 95728, USA f U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
2-port MIMO antenna system for High Frequency data link with UAVs using characteristic modes

In the last two decades a trend toward the new type of aircraft design has developed. The Unmanned Areal Vehicles (UAVs) and further Unmanned Combat Areal Vehicles (UCAVs) are supposed to support and ultimately may supersede manned aircraft in the future missions. The wireless data link with these vehicles uses High Frequency (HF) band (from 3 MHz to 30 MHz) due to atmospheric low-attenuation window that exists in this frequency range. It allows to use ionosphere as a reflector to allow non-Line-of-Sight (LOS) communication beyond the Earth's horizon. However, typically the antennas for HF suffer from low efficiency and narrow bandwidth as they are electrically small. In the present paper the whole airframe of the craft is used as a radiator which significantly increases the bandwidth and efficiency of the resulting antenna. Moreover, the analysis of characteristic modes on an example UAV airframe led to the concept of incorporating two couplers into design of the aircraft wings. Both couplers excite mutually orthogonal characteristic modes on the UAV's airframe which enable realization of an 2-port Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for High Frequency (HF) band.
A REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF THE HERBALS TRADED AS 'DARUHARIDRA'

Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC) has been used in ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for more than 3000 years. It is a red-listed endemic medicinal plant species of conservation concern and has become very important in recent years due to its rarity and huge demand in the medicinal plant sector. However, many other species such as Berberis asiatica Roxb. , Berberis lycium Royle. , Cosinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Coleb and Morinda umbellate L. are recommended as ayurvedic substitutes of Daruharidra and traded in the market. In ayurveda, it has been reported to be diaphoretic and diuretic; used as a tonic and also in the preparations of formulations for treating eye diseases, jaundice and skin diseases, diarrhoea, syphilis, chronic rheumatism, urinary disorders etc. From time to time, a number of reports on the various pharmacognosical and pharmacological properties of original Daruharidra (B.aristata) and its substitutes have been reported. This review analyses traditional medicinal usage, and pharmacognosical and pharmacological investigations done on the endangered medicinal herb Daruharidra and its substitutes.
Comparative Genomics of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Differential Multi-Drug Resistance

Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous fungus difficult to control because it possess a variety of attack modes, diverse hosts as inoculum sources, and it can survive as mycelia and/or conidia or for extended periods as sclerotia in crop debris. For these reasons the use of any single control measure is unlikely to succeed and a combination of cultural practices with the application of site-specific synthetic compounds provide the best protection for the crops (Williamson et al., 2007). However, the chemical control has been adversely affected by the development of fungicide resistance. The selection of resistant individuals in a fungal population subjected to selective pressure due to fungicides is an evolutionary mechanism that promotes advantageous genotypes (Walker et al., 2013). High levels of resistance to site-specific fungicides are commonly associated with point mutations. For example the mutations G143A, H272R, and F412S leading to changes in the target proteins CytB, SdhB, and Erg27 are conferring resistance of the pathogen to the chemical classes of QoIs, SDHIs, and hydroxyanilides, respectively (Leroux, 2007). Multidrug resistance is another mechanism associated with resistance in B. cinerea which involves mutations leading to overexpression of individual transporters such as ABC and MFS (Kretschmer et al., 2009). This mechanism is associated with low levels of resistance to multiple fungicides including the anilinopyrimidines and phenylpyrroles. However, a subdivision of gray mold populations was found to be more tolerant to these two classes of fungicides (Leroch et al., 2013). Previous reports have clearly demonstrated that the resistance to anilinopyrimidines has a qualitative, disruptive pattern, and is monogenically controlled (Chapeland et al., 1999). In order to elucidate the mechanism of the resistance, the whole genome of three different samples (gene pools) was sequenced, each containing DNA of 10 selected strains of the same genotype regarding resistance to seven different classes of fungicides including anilinopyrimidines. This report presents the publicly available genomic data.
Depression in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

It has been widely suggested that depression negatively affects patients with cardiovascular disease. There are several pathophysiological mechanisms as well as behavioral processes linking depression and cardiac events. Improvements in nursing and medical care have prolonged survival of this patient population; however, this beneficial outcome has led to increased prevalence of depression. Since mortality rates in chronic heart failure patients remain extremely high, it might be as equally important to screen for depression and there are several valid and reliable screening tools that healthcare personnel could easily employ to identify patients at greater risk. Consultation should be provided by a multidisciplinary team, consisting of cardiologists, psychiatrists, and hospital or community nurses so as to carefully plan, execute, and evaluate medical intervention and implement lifestyle changes. We aim to systematically review the existing knowledge regarding current definitions, prognostic implications, pathophysiological mechanisms, and current and future treatment options in patients with depression and cardiovascular disease, specifically those with heart failure.
Internet of Things: An end-to-end security layer

A case is made in this paper for a single end-to-end Application Security Layer (ASL). The ASL caters for reliable and confidential communications within a constrained Internet of Things (IoT) environment. To provide a secure key exchange and to setup a secure data connection, the TLS protocol is used. This paper studies the use of TLS over JSON via a CoAP RESTful service. This method provides a way for end-to-end communication flexibility and potentially retain identity information for repudiation. A proof of concept has been developed to prove the hypothesis. The prototype simulates an IoT software client with the capability of hosting a CoAP RESTful service. To prove reputability and integrity of TLS JSON messages, JSON messages were intercepted and verified against a simulated MITM attack. The experimental results confirm that TLS over JSON is possible. Using TLS over CoAP forced larger TLS packets to be split into multiple sections. This provided an unexpected security benefit, as each TLS record larger than 1024 bytes is fractured, and reassembled only at the receiving end-point. The encrypted data is thus scattered and could take different routes to reach the intended recipient.
Distributed Power Loss Minimization in Residential Micro Grids: a Communications Perspective

The constantly increasing number of power generation devices based on renewables is calling for a transition from the centralized control of electrical distribution grids to a distributed control scenario. In this context, distributed generators (DGs) are exploited to achieve other objectives beyond supporting loads, such as the minimization of the power losses along the distribution lines. The aim of this work is that of designing a full-fledged system that extends existing state of the art algorithms for the distributed minimization of power losses. We take into account practical aspects such as the design of a communication and coordination protocol that is resilient to link failures and manages channel access, message delivery and DG coordination. Thus, we analyze the performance of the resulting optimization and communication scheme in terms of power loss reduction, reduction of aggregate power demand, convergence rate and resilience to communication link failures. After that, we discuss the results of a thorough simulation campaign, obtained using topologies generated through a statistical approach that has been validated in previous research, by also assessing the performance deviation with respect to localized schemes, where the DGs are operated independently. Our results reveal that the convergence and stability performance of the selected algorithms vary greatly. However, configurations exist for which convergence is possible within five to ten communication steps and, when just 30% of the nodes are DGs, the aggregate power demand is roughly halved. Also, some of the considered approaches are quite robust against link failures as they still provide gains with respect to the localized solutions for failure rates as high as 50%.
Lossless Source Codes for a Class Described by Variational Distance and Optimal Merging Algorithm

AbstractThis paper considers lossless uniquely decodable source codes for a class of distributions describedby a ball with respect to the total variational distance, centered at a nominal distribution with a givenradius. The coding problem is formulated using minimax techniques, in which the maximum of theaverage codeword length over the class of distributions is minimized subject to Kraft inequality. Firstly,the maximization over the class of distributions is characterized resulting in an equivalent pay-off.consisting of the maximum and minimum codeword length and the average codeword length withrespect to the nominal distribution. Secondly, an algorithm is introduced which computes the optimalweight vector as a function of the class radius. Finally, the optimal codeword length vector is found asa function of the weight vector. I. I NTRODUCTION Lossless source codes for known probability distributions are investigated for several pay-offs,such as the average codeword length [1] and the average redundancy of the codeword length,the average of an exponential function of the codeword length [2]–[4], and the average of anexponential function of the redundancy of the codeword length [4]–[6]. For the average codewordlength pay-off the average redundancy is bounded below by zero and above by one. On the otherhand, if the true probability distribution of the source is unknown and the code is designed solely
Sort vs. Hash Join Revisited for Near-Memory Execution

Data movement between memory and CPU is a well-known energy bottleneck for analytics. Near-Memory Processing (NMP) is a promising approach for eliminating this bottleneck by shifting the bulk of the computation toward memory arrays in emerging stacked DRAM chips. Recent work in this space has been limited to regular computations that can be localized to a single DRAM partition. This paper examines a Join workload, which is fundamental to analytics and is characterized by irregular memory access patterns. We consider several join algorithms and show that while near-data execution can improve both energy-efficiency and performance, effective NMP algorithms must consider locality, access granularity, and microarchitecture of the stacked memory devices.
TX UMa: new orbit, spin rotation and chemical composition of components

High-resolution echelle spectra have been obtained of the semi-detached Algol-type eclipsing binary system, TX UMa with the high-resolution echelle spectrographs of the 1.8 m telescope at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea and of the 2.0 m telescope of Peak Terskol Observatory in Russia. New accurate radial velocities of its components have been measured. With the new measurements, we have been able to infer an improved orbital solution and the masses of the components of the system. For the first time, we have measured the rotational velocity for the Roche lobe filling secondary component. We have concluded that it rotates synchronously, while the rotation of the mass-accreting primary component is 1.5 times faster than synchronous. TX UMa confirms the previous conclusion that the strong lines of the light elements (N, O, Mg) in the atmospheres of mass-accreting components in Algol-type systems are stronger and wider than in single stars of the same spectral class and luminosity. Stronger lines also imply higher elemental abundances than weak lines, but this can also be explained if the former have greater microturbulent velocities. We have suggested that such an excess enhancement of the strong lines may be explained in terms of a distended pseudo-atmosphere of the mass-accreting component, engendered by gas flowing in via the L1 Lagrange point. We have found the chemical abundances of 12 elements in the atmosphere of the primary component of TX UMa. Si and Ni were found to show significant deficiencies while the abundance measures of C varied (within the uncertainties of the model atmosphere parameters) from solar to noticeably deficient. Other elements, including He, have solar abundance. The abundances of the secondary component are likely solar, as its spectrum is represented well by a synthetic spectrum with solar abundance and Teff= 5500 K and log g = 3.3.
Impact of Statins on Cognitive Deficits in Adult Male Rodents after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

The efficacy of statin treatment on cognitive decline is controversial, and the effect of statins on cognitive deficits in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the effect of statins on cognitive deficits in adult male rodents after TBI. After identifying eligible studies by searching four electronic databases on February 28, 2014, we assessed study quality, evaluated the efficacy of statin treatment, and performed stratified metaregression and metaregression to assess the influence of study design on statin efficacy. Eleven studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria from a total of 183 publications. The overall methodological quality of these studies was poor. Meta-analysis showed that statins exert statistically significant positive effects on cognitive performance after TBI. Stratified analysis showed that atorvastatin has the greatest effect on acquisition memory, simvastatin has the greatest effect on retention memory, and statin effects on acquisition memory are higher in closed head injury models. Metaregression analysis further showed that that animal species, study quality, and anesthetic agent impact statin effects on retention memory. We conclude that statins might reduce cognitive deficits after TBI. However, additional well-designed and well-reported animal studies are needed to inform further clinical study.
Evolutionary expansion of the Ras switch regulatory module in eukaryotes

Ras proteins control many aspects of eukaryotic cell homeostasis by switching between active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) conformations, a reaction catalyzed by GTPase exchange factors (GEF) and GTPase activating proteins (GAP) regulators, respectively. Here, we show that the complexity, measured as number of genes, of the canonical Ras switch genetic system (including Ras, RasGEF, RasGAP and RapGAP families) from 24 eukaryotic organisms is correlated with their genome size and is inversely correlated to their evolutionary distances from humans. Moreover, different gene subfamilies within the Ras switch have contributed unevenly to the module’s expansion and speciation processes during eukaryote evolution. The Ras system remarkably reduced its genetic expansion after the split of the Euteleostomi clade and presently looks practically crystallized in mammals. Supporting evidence points to gene duplication as the predominant mechanism generating functional diversity in the Ras system, stressing the leading role of gene duplication in the Ras family expansion. Domain fusion and alternative splicing are significant sources of functional diversity in the GAP and GEF families but their contribution is limited in the Ras family. An evolutionary model of the Ras system expansion is proposed suggesting an inherent ‘decision making’ topology with the GEF input signal integrated by a homologous molecular mechanism and bifurcation in GAP signaling propagation.
Exploiting parallelism to boost data-path rate in high-speed IP/MPLS networking

Link bundling is a way to increase routing scalability whenever a pair of label switching routers in MPLS are connected by multiple parallel links. However, link bundling can be inefficient as a label switched path (LSP) has to be associated with a particular link. In this paper, we show that the efficiency of link bundling can be significantly improved if traffic can be effectively distributed across the parallel links. We propose an IP switch architecture that is capable of distributing flows both inside the switch and among the parallel links based on operations that are relatively simple to implement. The switch requires no speedup, guarantees in-sequence packet delivery for a given flow, avoids complex coordination algorithms, and can achieve LSP throughput higher than the line rate. By means of simulation using IP traces, we investigate the performance of the proposed switch, and show that the switch achieves good load-balancing performance. We describe extensions to the basic architecture which allows for very large bundle size, handles incremental upgrade strategy, improves reliability, and accommodates nonIP traffic.