Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive and Negative Regulation of Tetrahymena Telomerase Holoenzyme

ABSTRACT Telomerase replenishes the telomeric repeats that cap eukaryotic chromosome ends. To perform DNA synthesis, the active site of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) copies a template within the integral telomerase RNA (TER). In vivo, TERT and TER and additional subunits form a telomerase holoenzyme capable of telomere elongation. We previously purified epitope-tagged Tetrahymena thermophila TERT and characterized two of the associated proteins. Here we characterize the remaining two proteins that were enriched by TERT purification. The primary sequence of the p75 polypeptide lacks evident homology with other proteins, whereas the p20 polypeptide is the Tetrahymena ortholog of a conserved multifunctional protein, Skp1. Genetic depletion of p75 induced telomere shortening without affecting the accumulation of TER or TERT, suggesting that p75 promotes telomerase function at the telomere. Affinity purification of p75 coenriched telomerase activity and each other known telomerase holoenzyme protein. On the other hand, genetic depletion of Skp1p induced telomere elongation, suggesting that this protein plays a negative regulatory role in the maintenance of telomere length homeostasis. Affinity purification of Skp1p did not detectably enrich active telomerase but did copurify ubiquitin ligase machinery. These studies reveal additional complexity in the positive and negative regulation of Tetrahymena telomerase function.
Factors associated with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensive primary care patients

Abstract Objective. In hypertensive primary care patients below 65 years of age, (i) to describe the occurrence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and (ii) to identify the determinants of moderate/severe OSA. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Four primary care health centres in Sweden. Patients. 411 consecutive patients (52% women), mean age 57.9 years (SD 5.9 years), with diagnosed and treated hypertension (BP >140/90). Main outcome measures. Occurrence of OSA as measured by the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI). Results. Mild (AHI 5–14.9/h) and moderate/severe (AHI > 15/h) OSA were seen among 29% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Comparing those without OSA with those with mild or moderate/severe OSA, no differences were found in blood pressure, pharmacological treatment (anti-hypertensive, anti-depressive, and hypnotics), sleep, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, or depressive symptoms. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was seen in 30% and 68% of the patients with mild and moderate/severe OSA, respectively. Male gender, BMI > 30 kg/m2, snoring, witnessed apnoeas, and sleep duration >8 hours were determinants of obstructive sleep apnoea. Conclusion. Previously undiagnosed OSA is common among patients with hypertension in primary care. Obesity, snoring, witnessed apnoeas, long sleep duration, and male gender were the best predictors of OSA, even in the absence of daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms.
Renal protective effects of pitavastatin on spontaneously hypercholesterolaemic Imai Rats.

BACKGROUND Independent of their lipid-lowering effects, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have renal protective effects on various models of progressive renal diseases, therefore, additional therapeutic advantages have been considered. In the present study, using spontaneously hypercholesterolaemic Imai rats, we examined the protective effects of pitavastatin on renal injuries and the oxidative modification of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), since oxidized lipoproteins are speculated to be involved in the mechanism of this rat strain's renal injuries. METHODS Male Imai rats were treated with pitavastatin (n = 11) at a dose of 100 mg/kg diet or received no specific therapy as controls (n = 11) from 10 to 22 weeks of age. Body weight, urinary protein excretion and serum constituents were evaluated every 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the effects of pitavastatin on the susceptibility of serum LDL and HDL to oxidation, and renal histology were examined. RESULTS Pitavastatin treatment did not affect hyperlipidaemia, but significantly reduced proteinuria and preserved creatinine clearance deterioration. At the end of the study, lag times for LDL and HDL oxidation were prolonged by the treatment of pitavastatin to 126 and 153%, respectively, compared with the controlled group. The glomerulosclerosis index (SI) for untreated controlled rats was significantly higher than that for the pitavastatin-treated group. An immunohistochemistry study showed significantly lower numbers of ED-1 positive macrophages in the glomeruli and interstitium in pitavastatin-treated rats compared with those controlled. CONCLUSION Pitavastatin treatment prevented renal injuries in Imai rats independent of lipid-lowering effects. Prevention of oxidative modification of LDL and HDL may play an important role on the beneficial effects of pitavastatin treatment.
Functional Dependency based on XML Node Sets

As an essential basis of relational database theory, integrity constraints such as functional dependency provide a basis for well-designed databases. Integrity constraints are also useful for the normalization of the XML schema design in the expensive applications of XML data. As a semi- structure feature, XML data are usually located by a path expression and multiple data items may be represented by the same path. Thus, functional dependencies for XML should be constraints between sets of XML data items if the path expression is used. These constraints also result in data redundancy. Same as functional dependency, this kind of data redundancy for XML can lead to update anomalies too. This paper proposes a kind of XML integrity constraint to describe the dependent relationship between different sets of XML data items, and defines a general functional depend- ency based on XML node sets. Moreover, this paper propos- es a group of inference rules for the implication problem of the XML functional dependency, and proves that they are sound and complete. Index Terms—Integrity constraints, XML, Functional de- pendencies, Database semantics
Effects of pomace olive oil-enriched diets on endothelial function of small mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats

Pomace olive oil (POM), an olive oil subproduct traditionally used in Spain, is a good source of minor components from the unsaponifiable fraction such as triterpenoids, mainly in the form of oleanolic acid, which induces vascular protection and vasodilatation. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of long-term intake of diets enriched in POM with high concentration in oleanolic acid on endothelial dysfunction associated to hypertension in small mesenteric arteries (SMA) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). During 12 weeks, rats (six rats per group) were fed either a control 2 % maize oil diet (BD), or high-fat diets containing 15 % refined olive oil (OL), pomace olive oil (POM), or pomace olive oil supplemented in oleanolic acid (POMO; up to 800 parts per million). Endothelial and vascular functions were assessed by relaxing or contracting responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or phenylephrine, respectively. The involvement of endothelium-derived relaxing factors in these responses was evaluated. In contrast to BD, SHR fed high-fat diets showed a biphasic response to ACh related to changes in eicosanoid metabolism. POM enhanced the endothelial function in SMA from SHR by increasing the endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF)-type component, whereas administration of POMO resulted in a similar contribution of NO/EDHF in the endothelial response to ACh. The present study shows that despite the lack of changes in blood pressure, consumption of POM improves endothelial function in SMA from SHR by improving the agonist-mediated EDHF/NO response. Thus, triterpenoids confer a protective role to POM against endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
Univariate Box/Jenkins-Modelle in der Zeitreihenanalyse

This is the second in a series of articles which introduces basic concepts and models of time series analysis. Whereas the first paper (HSR 3/1992) presented elementary descriptive concepts and traditional techniques of decomposing a time series into trend, season, and irregular fluctuations, this second paper offers an introduction into the BoxJenkins approach to modelling univariate processes. The basic concept underlying this methodology is the idea to treat observed time series data as (generally non-independent) realizations of a "stochastic process". This concept is discussed (after some introductory remarks) in section 2. In order to actually model a stochastic process, a number of restrictive assumptions need to be made regarding the "stationarity" of the process and the nature of the dependencies linking the time ordered realizations. The latter set of assumptions leads to three types of basic models which are outlined in subsequent sections: the autoregressive (AR), the moving-average (MA), and the mixed (ARMA) model. These models are constructed in a three step procedure: the identification (based on empirical autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions) of the model (section 7), the estimation of the model parameters (section 8), and the evaluation or diagnosis of the model (section 9). Since the assumption of stationarity is often unrealistic, Box and Jenkins have extended the repertoire of models in a way to include certain types of non-stationary processes, the socalled integrated processes, for which they invented their ARIMA models (section 10). In a further extension, seasonal components may be incorporated thereby creating SARIMA models (section 11). The methods and models presented in this paper remain within the confines of univariate analysis. Strategies for modelling possible relationships between two or more series (dynamic regression, transferfunction models) will be outlined in one of the forthcoming issues of HSR. Address all communications to Helmut Thome, Institut fur Soziologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), e-mail: thome@soziologie.uni-halle.d400. de, Fax: (0345) 3883130. 5 Historical Social Research, Vol. 19 — 1994 — No. 3, 5-77
Robust Emotion Recognition Algorithm for Ambiguous Facial Expression using Optimized AAM and k-NN

Analysis of human emotion plays an important role in interaction between human and machine communication. The most expressive way to extract and understand of human emotion is by facial expression analysis. This paper proposes a novel recognition method of multiple emotions from facial expression running on mobile environments. Especially, we formulate the classification model of facial ambiguous emotions using a variance of the estimated facial feature points. First, we extract 65 landmark points from input stream using active appearance model, and we then analyze the changes of the values of the feature points to recognize a facial emotion by comparing with fuzzy k-NN classification. Finally, five types of the emotions are recognized and classified as a facial expression. To evaluate the proposed approach, we assess the ratio of success with iPhone camera views, and we achieve the best 93% accuracy in the experiments. The results show that the proposed method performed well in the recognition of facial emotion on mobile environments, and the implementation system can be represented by one of the example for augmented reality on displaying combination of real face video and virtual animation with user’s avatar.
Combining Knowledge-based Methods and Supervised Learning for Effective Italian Word Sense Disambiguation

This paper presents a WSD strategy which combines a knowledge-based method that exploits sense definitions in a dictionary and relations among senses in a semantic network, with supervised learning methods on annotated corpora. The idea behind the approach is that the knowledge-based method can cope with the possible lack of training data, while supervised learning can improve the precision of a knowledge-based method when training data are available. This makes the proposed method suitable for disambiguation of languages for which the available resources are lacking in training data or sense definitions. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experimental sessions were carried out on the dataset used for the WSD task in the EVALITA 2007 initiative, devoted to the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Italian. The most effective hybrid WSD strategy is the one that integrates the knowledge-based approach into the supervised learning method, which outperforms both methods taken singularly.
Characterization of p53 Wild-Type and Null Isogenic Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan

To elucidate mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapies currently used in the first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, we have developed a panel of HCT116 p53 wild-type (p53+/+) and null (p53−/−) isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines resistant to the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11), and DNA-damaging agent oxaliplatin. These cell lines were generated by repeated exposure to stepwise increasing concentrations of each drug over a period of several months. We have demonstrated a significant decrease in sensitivity to 5-FU, CPT-11, and oxaliplatin in each respective resistant cell line relative to the parental line as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis, with increases in IC50 (72 h) concentrations ranging from 3- to 65-fold. Using flow cytometry, we have also demonstrated compromised apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in 5-FU-, oxaliplatin-, and CPT-11-resistant cell lines compared with the parental lines after exposure to each drug. In addition, we found that resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin was higher in parental p53−/− cells compared with parental p53+/+ cells, with an ∼5-fold increase in IC50 (72 h) for each drug. In contrast, the IC50 (72 h) doses for CPT-11 were identical in the p53 wild-type and null cell lines. Furthermore, apoptosis after treatment with 5-FU and oxaliplatin, but not CPT-11, was significantly reduced in parental p53−/− cells compared with parental p53+/+ cells. These data suggest that p53 may be an important determinant of sensitivity to 5-FU and oxaliplatin but not CPT-11. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we have demonstrated down-regulation of thymidine phosphorylase mRNA in both p53+/+ and p53−/− 5-FU-resistant cells, suggesting that decreased production of 5-FU active metabolites may be an important resistance mechanism in these lines. In oxaliplatin-resistant cells, we noted increased mRNA levels of the nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter breast cancer resistance protein. In CPT-11-resistant cells, we found reduced mRNA levels of carboxylesterase, the enzyme responsible for converting CPT-11 to its active metabolite SN-38, and topoisomerase I, the SN-38 target enzyme. In addition, we noted overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein in the CPT-11-resistant lines. These cell lines are ideal tools with which to identify novel determinants of drug resistance in both the presence and absence of wild-type p53.
Transient Facial Palsy in Sphenoidal Electrode Placement

Summary: Purpose: Sphenoidal electrode (SE) insertion can cause pain, for which local anesthesia with lidocaine or intravenous administration of fentanyl has been advocated by different epilepsy treatment centers. Transient facial palsies have been observed after SE insertion. Their frequency of occurrence, distribution, and duration have not been well characterized, however. We hypothesized that this complication is due to the effect of local anesthesia on the peripheral branches of the seventh cranial nerve. To test this hypothesis, we compared the incidence and characteristics of facial palsy during SE insertions performed with either local anesthesia or after intravenous fentanyl administration.
Abduction, Belief and Context in Dialogue

1. The ABC of Computational Pragmatics (by Bunt, Harry) 2. An activity-based approach to pragmatics (by Allwood, Jens) 3. Dialogue pragmatics and context specification (by Bunt, Harry) 4. Pragmatics in language understanding and cognitively motivated architectures (by Sabah, Gerard) 5. Dialogue analysis using layered protocols (by Taylor, M. Martin) 6. Coherence and structure in text and discourse (by Redeker, Gisela) 7. Discourse focus tracking (by Carter, David) 8. Speech act theory and epistemic planning (by Ramsay, Allan) 9. Context and form: declarative or interrogative, that is the question (by Beun, Robbert-Jan) 10. The doxastic-epistemic force of declarative utterances (by Thijsse, Elias C.G.) 11. A conceptual modelling approach to the implementation of beliefs and intentions (by Meyer, Ralph) 12. Abduction and induction: a real distinction? (by Neal, Philip) 13. Laconic discourses and total eclipses: abduction in DICE (by Oberlander, Jon) 14. Abductive reasoning with knowledge bases for context modelling (by Guessoum, Ahmed) 15. Abductive speech act recognition, corporate agents, and the COSMA system (by Hinkelman, Elizabeth) 16. List of contributors 17. Index
Rectify: black-box intrusion recovery in PaaS clouds

Web applications hosted on the cloud are exposed to cyberattacks and can be compromised by HTTP requests that exploit vulnerabilities. Platform as a Service (PaaS) offerings often provide a backup service that allows restoring application state after a serious attack, but all valid state changes since the last backup are lost. We propose Rectify, a new approach to recover from intrusions on applications running in a PaaS. Rectify is a service designed to be deployed alongside the application in a PaaS container. It does not require modifications to the software and the recovery can be performed by a system administrator. Machine learning techniques are used to associate the requests received by the application to the statements issued to the database. Rectify was evaluated using three widely used web applications - Wordpress, LimeSurvey and MediaWiki - and the results show that the effects of malicious requests can be removed whilst preserving the valid application data.
Performance Benefits of Monolithically Stacked 3-D FPGA

The performance benefits of a monolithically stacked three-dimensional (3-D) field-programmable gate array (FPGA), whereby the programming overhead of an FPGA is stacked on top of a standard CMOS layer containing logic blocks (LBs) and interconnects, are investigated. A Virtex-II-style two-dimensional (2-D) FPGA fabric is used as a baseline architecture to quantify the relative improvements in logic density, delay, and power consumption achieved by such a 3-D FPGA. It is assumed that only the switch transistor and configuration memory cells can be moved to the top layers and that the 3-D FPGA employs the same LB and programmable interconnect architecture as the baseline 2-D FPGA. Assuming they are les 0.7, the area of a static random-access memory cell and switch transistors having the same characteristics as n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor devices in the CMOS layer are used. It is shown that a monolithically stacked 3-D FPGA can achieve 3.2 times higher logic density, 1.7 times lower critical path delay, and 1.7 times lower total dynamic power consumption than the baseline 2-D FPGA fabricated in the same 65-nm technology node
Institutional Environments and Organizations: Structural Complexity and Individualism

PART ONE: DEVELOPMENTS IN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY Ontology and Rationalization in the Western Cultural Account - John W Meyer, John Boli and George M Thomas Rationalized Environments - John W Meyer Institutions and Organizations - W Richard Scott Toward a Theoretical Synthesis Institutional Analysis - W Richard Scott Variance and Process Theory Approaches Institutional Conditions for Diffusion - David Strang and John W Meyer PART TWO: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMPLEXITY Social Environments and Organizational Accounting - John W Meyer Environmental Linkages and Organizational Complexity - W Richard Scott and John W Meyer Public and Private Schools Centralization, Fragmentation, and School District Complexity - John W Meyer, W Richard Scott and David Strang Bureaucratization Without Centralization - John W Meyer et al Changes in the Organizational System of US Public Education, 1940 - 1980 PART THREE: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THE EXPANSION OF INDIVIDUALITY WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS Institutional and Organizational Rationalization in the Mental Health System - John W Meyer The Rise of Training Programs in Firms and Agencies - W Richard Scott and John W Meyer An Institutional Perspective Employee Training - Susanne C Monahan, John W Meyer and Richard W Scott The Expansion of Organizational Citizenship Equal Opportunity Law and the Construction of Internal Labor Markets - Frank R Dobbin et al
Joan Robinson's economics : a centennial celebration

Preface Introduction Part I: Retrospective 1. Joan Robinson and her Circle 2. Robinson and Sraffa 3. Robinson on Marx 4. Knowledge Without Pain Part II: A Sense of Realism 5. Robinson on 'History versus Equilibrium' 6. Expectations and the Capital Controversy 7. Robinson, History and Equilibrium 8. Equilibrium, Stability and Economic Growth 9. On Different Regimes of Accumulation 10. Class Conflict and the Cambridge Theory of Distribution 11. A Robinson Model for Argentina Part III: Thematic Breadth 12. Beyond Capital Accumulation 13. Robinson on Credit, Money and Finance 14. Money in The Accumulation of Capital 15. International Economics after Robinson References Index.
Finding Significant Matches of Position Weight Matrices in Linear Time

Position weight matrices are an important method for modeling signals or motifs in biological sequences, both in DNA and protein contexts. In this paper, we present fast algorithms for the problem of finding significant matches of such matrices. Our algorithms are of the online type, and they generalize classical multipattern matching, filtering, and superalphabet techniques of combinatorial string matching to the problem of weight matrix matching. Several variants of the algorithms are developed, including multiple matrix extensions that perform the search for several matrices in one scan through the sequence database. Experimental performance evaluation is provided to compare the new techniques against each other as well as against some other online and index-based algorithms proposed in the literature. Compared to the brute-force O(mn) approach, our solutions can be faster by a factor that is proportional to the matrix length m. Our multiple-matrix filtration algorithm had the best performance in the experiments. On a current PC, this algorithm finds significant matches (p = 0.0001) of the 123 JASPAR matrices in the human genome in about 18 minutes.