Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of thermal conductivities of unidirectional multiphase composites

ABSTRACT A continuum modeling based on finite element method (FEM) is performed using three-phase representative volume element (RVE) to investigate the thermal conductivities of multiphase composites reinforced by carbon fibers. The selected RVE consists of carbon fiber, matrix and fiber/matrix interphase. A comprehensive study is carried out to examine the effects of interphase features such as thickness and material properties on the effective thermal conductivities of multiphase composites. Moreover, the effects of carbon fiber volume fraction, orientation, various types of arrangement, i.e., random, uniform and different functionally graded distributions, waviness as well as matrix material properties on the effective thermal conductivities of multiphase composites are examined. The FEM predictions are in good agreement with the results of other numerical simulations available in the literature. Also, the FEM results are compared with the composite cylinder assemblage approach results. Graphical Abstract
A 1.2 GHz programmable DLL-based frequency multiplier for wireless applications

A CMOS local oscillator using a programmable delayed-lock loop based frequency multiplier is present in this paper. The maximum measured output frequency is 1.2 GHz. The frequency of the output clock is 8/spl times/ to 10/spl times/ of an input reference clock between 100 to 150 MHz at simulation. No LC-tank is used in the proposed design such that the power dissipation as well as the active area is drastically reduced. The design is carried out by TSMC 1P5M 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process at 2.5 V power supply. The average lock time is optimally shortened by initializing the start-up voltage of the voltage-controlled delay tap line at the midway of the working range. Meanwhile, the power dissipation is 52.5 mW at 1.2 GHz output.
Metallurgy and materials Metalurgia e materiais Effect of casting mode and thermal treatments on the electrical conductivity of the AA4006 aluminum

Initially studied was the effect of the casting mode on the electrical conductivity of AA4006 aluminum alloy sheets produced by both Twin Roll Casting (TRC) and by the semi-continuous Direct Chill (DC) industrial processes, when compared to sheets with commercial purity (AA1050) and high purity aluminum (AA1199). Then, the effects of heat treatments on the electrical conductivity of the AA4006 alloy sheets produced by TRC were also studied. Isochronous and isothermal heat treatments allowed to obtain the precipitation and solution kinetics of the intermetallic compounds. The precipitation kinetics was analyzed with the help of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation.
Serological and Clinical Follow-Up of Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients from Southern Brazil

Background/Aims: In this study, a clinical and serological follow-up of 8–10 years was performed in relatives of celiac disease (CD) patients from southern Brazil. The occurrence of new CD cases in the families and the use of two different IgA-tTG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were also evaluated. Methods: Serum samples of 233 relatives, 186 recruited between 1997 and 2000 (phase I) and 138 between 2006 and 2007 (phase II: 91 of the follow-up group and 47 newly tested), were analyzed. As a comparison group, 100 unrelated healthy individuals were evaluated. IgA-EmA was tested by indirect immunofluorescence and IgA-tTG by ELISA. Results: A significant increase in IgA-EmA/IgA-tTG was detected in relatives of patients with CD when compared to controls (p ≤ 0.001). The positivity of antibodies was higher in females (2.4:1 in phase II; p = 0.039), and its high frequency amongst siblings (∼18.81%) highlights the risk of CD in these individuals. The distribution of antibodies by age suggested that CD can occur at any age in relatives, calling attention to the newly tested relatives >60 years of age (p = 0.0657). A better performance of ELISA kits with human tTG was observed. The confirmation of 13 biopsy-proven new CD cases (5.6%; 13/233) at present points out the predisposition to CD in these individuals and the high specificity of concurrently positive antibodies in relatives, especially when both are present in high titers. Conclusion: These results emphasize the familial risk to develop CD and the value of serological screening as an instrument for identifying this disease.
Rate-distortion theory for the Shannon cipher system

Considers Shannon's cipher system with a memoryless broadcast channel. The source output sequence {S/sub l/}/sub t//sup /spl infin//=1 is independent drawings of a random variable S taking values in S, and the key W/sub k/ is a random variable which is independent of S. For simplicity, we assume that the main channel (X/spl rarr/Y) is less noisy than the wiretap channel (X/spl rarr/Z). The security of the system can be measured by the uncertainty or the attainable minimum distortion of the wiretapper who gets only Z/sup N/. For each case, we define the admissible region. <<ETX>>
Decomposing Overcomplete 3rd Order Tensors using Sum-of-Squares Algorithms

Tensor rank and low-rank tensor decompositions have many applications in learning and complexity theory. Most known algorithms use unfoldings of tensors and can only handle rank up to $n^{\lfloor p/2 \rfloor}$ for a $p$-th order tensor in $\mathbb{R}^{n^p}$. Previously no efficient algorithm can decompose 3rd order tensors when the rank is super-linear in the dimension. Using ideas from sum-of-squares hierarchy, we give the first quasi-polynomial time algorithm that can decompose a random 3rd order tensor decomposition when the rank is as large as $n^{3/2}/\textrm{polylog} n$. We also give a polynomial time algorithm for certifying the injective norm of random low rank tensors. Our tensor decomposition algorithm exploits the relationship between injective norm and the tensor components. The proof relies on interesting tools for decoupling random variables to prove better matrix concentration bounds, which can be useful in other settings.
Free viewpoint virtual try-on with commodity depth cameras

We present a system that allows users to interactively control a 3D model of themselves at home using a commodity depth camera. It augments the model with virtual clothes that can be downloaded. As a result, users can enjoy a private, virtual try-on experience in their own homes. As a prerequisite, the user needs to enter or pass through a multi-camera setup that captures him or her in a fraction of a second. From the captured data, a 3D model is created. The model is transmitted to the user's home system to serve as a realistic avatar for the virtual try-on application. The system provides free-viewpoint high quality rendering with smooth animations and correct occlusion, and therefore improves the state of the art in terms of quality. It utilizes cheap hardware and therefore is affordable for and accessible to a wide audience.
Learning to Predict the Duration of an Automobile Trip

In this paper, we explore the use of machine learning and data mining to improve the prediction of travel times in an automobile. We consider two formulations of this problem, one that involves predicting speeds at different stages along the route and another that relies on direct prediction of transit time. We focus on the second formulation, which we apply to data collected from the San Diego freeway system. We report experiments on these data with k-nearest neighbour combined with a wrapper to select useful features and normalization parameters. The results suggest that 3-nearest neighbour, when using information from freeway sensors, substantially outperforms predictions available from existing digital maps. Analyses also reveal some surprises about the usefulness of other features like the time and day of the trip.
Magnetic particle imaging: visualization of instruments for cardiovascular intervention.

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of different approaches of instrument visualization for cardiovascular interventions guided by using magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two balloon (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) catheters were used. The balloon was filled either with diluted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferucarbotran (25 mmol of iron per liter) or with sodium chloride. Both catheters were inserted into a vessel phantom that was filled oppositional to the balloon content with sodium chloride or diluted SPIO (25 mmol of iron per liter). In addition, the administration of a 1.4-mL bolus of pure SPIO (500 mmol of iron per liter) followed by 5 mL of sodium chloride through a SPIO-labeled balloon catheter into the sodium chloride-filled vessel phantom was recorded. Images were recorded by using a preclinical MPI demonstrator. All images were acquired by using a field of view of 3.6 × 3.6 × 2.0 cm. RESULTS By using MPI, both balloon catheters could be visualized with high temporal (21.54 msec per image) and sufficient spatial (≤ 3 mm) resolution without any motion artifacts. The movement through the field of view, the inflation and deflation of the balloon, and the application of the SPIO bolus were visualized at a rate of 46 three-dimensional data sets per second. CONCLUSION Visualization of SPIO-labeled instruments for cardiovascular intervention at high temporal resolution as well as monitoring the application of a SPIO-based tracer by using labeled instruments is feasible. Further work is necessary to evaluate different labeling approaches for diagnostic catheters and guidewires and to demonstrate their navigation in the vascular system after administration of contrast material. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120424/-/DC1.
Exploring Adoption Intention towards Recommendation Agents and unplanned Purchase Behaviour: Involvement and Information Cascades as moderators

Research indicates that in order for customers to properly utilize recommendation assistants (RA), they must trust the RA and enjoy the interface. However, methods for increasing user enjoyment of RAs are yet unknown. This study investigated the influences of utilitarian and hedonic factors on intention to adopt RA suggestions and the antecedents of outcome similarity and web atmospherics. User motives and attitudes towards RAs could influence their interest in features recommended by RAs. Contrary to common assumptions, customers may make unplanned purchases, rather than rational purchase. In accordance with information cascade theory, this study investigated relationships of unplanned vs. planned purchase decisions. A 2×2×2 factorial design revealed three main findings. First, information diagnosticity and enjoyment positively affected intention to adopt RA suggestions. Diagnosticity was determined by outcome similarity, and enjoyment was determined by both outcome similarity and atmospherics. Second, involvement moderated the association between adoption intention, diagnosticity, and enjoyment. Highly involved users considered enjoyment and diagnosticity when forming adoption intentions, while users with low involvement only considered enjoyment. Third, information cascades altered the relationship between adoption intention and unplanned purchases such that information cascades negated a positive relationship between adoption intention and unplanned purchases. Theoretical and managerial implications are proposed.
CMBEASY: an object oriented code for the cosmic microwave background

We have ported the CMBFAST package to the C++ programming language to produce CMBEASY, an object oriented code for the cosmic microwave background. The code is available at www.cmbeasy. org. We sketch the design of the new code, emphasizing the benefits of object orientation in cosmology, which allow for simple substitution of different cosmological models and gauges. Both gauge-invariant perturbations and quintessence support has been added to the code. For ease of use, as well as for instruction, a graphical user interface is available.
Correlation Functions Quantify Super-Resolution Images and Estimate Apparent Clustering Due to Over-Counting

We present an analytical method using correlation functions to quantify clustering in super-resolution fluorescence localization images and electron microscopy images of static surfaces in two dimensions. We use this method to quantify how over-counting of labeled molecules contributes to apparent self-clustering and to calculate the effective lateral resolution of an image. This treatment applies to distributions of proteins and lipids in cell membranes, where there is significant interest in using electron microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence localization techniques to probe membrane heterogeneity. When images are quantified using pair auto-correlation functions, the magnitude of apparent clustering arising from over-counting varies inversely with the surface density of labeled molecules and does not depend on the number of times an average molecule is counted. In contrast, we demonstrate that over-counting does not give rise to apparent co-clustering in double label experiments when pair cross-correlation functions are measured. We apply our analytical method to quantify the distribution of the IgE receptor (FcεRI) on the plasma membranes of chemically fixed RBL-2H3 mast cells from images acquired using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM/dSTORM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that apparent clustering of FcεRI-bound IgE is dominated by over-counting labels on individual complexes when IgE is directly conjugated to organic fluorophores. We verify this observation by measuring pair cross-correlation functions between two distinguishably labeled pools of IgE-FcεRI on the cell surface using both imaging methods. After correcting for over-counting, we observe weak but significant self-clustering of IgE-FcεRI in fluorescence localization measurements, and no residual self-clustering as detected with SEM. We also apply this method to quantify IgE-FcεRI redistribution after deliberate clustering by crosslinking with two distinct trivalent ligands of defined architectures, and we evaluate contributions from both over-counting of labels and redistribution of proteins.
Hairless Up‐Regulates Tgf‐β2 Expression via Down‐Regulation of miR‐31 in the Skin of “Hairpoor” (HrHp) Mice

Hairless (HR) has been shown to regulate hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and hair cycling. The Hr mutant hair loss mouse referred to as “hairpoor” (HrHp) displays overexpression of the HR protein through translational derepression. In this study, we found that 64 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the skin of HrHp/HrHp and wild type mice at P7 using miRNA‐microarray analysis and miR‐31 displayed the most reduced expression in HrHp/HrHp skin. In vivo observation and investigation using an in vitro reporter expression system revealed that miR‐31 and pri‐miR‐31 were consistently down‐regulated in the HR over‐expressed condition. In addition, we found that the transforming growth factor β 2 (Tgf‐β2), a known catagen inducer, is the putative target of miR‐31. Furthermore, Tgf‐β2 level was also increased in HR over‐expressed keratinocyte and HrHp/HrHp mice. These study results suggest that HR controls Tgf‐β2 expression via regulation of miR‐31, thus causing abnormal hair cycle in HrHp/HrHp mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2075–2085, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface Plasmon Enhanced Light Trapping in Metal/Silicon Nanobowl Arrays for Thin Film Photovoltaics

Enhancing the light absorption in thin film silicon solar cells with nanophotonic and plasmonic structures is important for the realization of high efficiency solar cells with significant cost reduction. In this work, we investigate periodic arrays of conformal metal/silicon nanobowl arrays (MSNBs) for light trapping applications in silicon solar cells. They exhibited excellent light-harvesting ability across a wide range of wavelengths up to infrared regimes. The optimized structure (MSNBsH) covered by SiO2 passivation layer and hemisphere Ag back reflection layer has a maximal short-circuit density ( ) 25.5 mA/cm2, which is about 88.8% higher than flat structure counterpart, and the light-conversion efficiency ( ) is increased two times from 6.3% to 12.6%. The double-side textures offer a promising approach to high efficiency ultrathin silicon solar cells.
Muscle Force Output and Electromyographic Activity in Squats With Various Unstable Surfaces

Abstract Saeterbakken, AH and Finland, MS. Muscle force output and electromyographic activity in squats with various unstable surfaces. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 130–136, 2013—The purpose of the study was to compare force output and muscle activity of leg and trunk muscles in isometric squats executed on stable surface (i.e., floor), power board, BOSU ball, and balance cone. Fifteen healthy men (23.3 ± 2.7 years, mass: 80.5 ± 8.5 kg, height: 1.81 ± 0.09 m) volunteered. The force output and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, soleus, rectus abdominis, oblique external, and erector spinae were assessed. The order of the surfaces was randomized. One familiarization session was executed before the experimental test. Compared with stable surface (749 ± 222 N), the force output using power board was similar (−7%, p = 0.320) but lower for BOSU ball (−19%, p = 0.003) and balance cone (−24%, p ⩽ 0.001). The force output using BOSU ball and balance cone was approximately 13% (p = 0.037) and approximately 18% (p = 0.001) less than the power board. There were similar EMG activities between the surfaces in all muscles except for rectus femoris, in which stable squat provided greater EMG activity than did the other exercises (p = 0.004–0.030). Lower EMG activity was observed in the rectus femoris using balance cone compared with the BOSU ball (p = 0.030). In conclusion, increasing the instability of the surface during maximum effort isometric squats usually maintains the muscle activity of lower-limb and superficial trunk muscles although the force output is reduced. This suggests that unstable surfaces in the squat may be beneficial in rehabilitation and as a part of periodized training programs, because similar muscle activity can be achieved with reduced loads.
State Finances in India

There has been a steep deterioration in State finances during the last decade as evidenced by sharp increases in revenue, fiscal and primary deficits, increases in their indebtedness and contingent liabilities, and decline in capital and maintenance expenditures. Low buoyancy of central transfers and spillover of central pay revisions have had the most adverse impact on State finances. However, the States’ own fiscal performance has also seen sharp deterioration. On the transfer system, the scheme proposed by the Ministry of Finance attempts to link a portion of transfers to fiscal reforms. There are serious design issues in the scheme. It is not certain whether the scheme will be effective either. The paper details the areas of reform the States should focus on to impart efficiency and improve revenue productivity of revenues and prioritisation and compression of unproductive expenditures. These, however, require a strong political will and administrative competence and involvement of the public in the reform process. State Finances in India M. Govinda Rao
The nature of the optical–radio correlations for powerful radio galaxies

The nature of the optical–radio correlations for powerful radio galaxies is investigated using spectroscopic observations of a complete sample of southern 2-Jy radio sources. In line with previous work, we find that significant correlations exist between the luminosities of the [O III]λ 5007, [O II]λ 3727 and Hβ emission lines and the radio luminosity. However, our observations are not easily reconciled with the idea that these correlations are caused by the increase in the power of the photoionizing quasar as the jet power increases, with average ISM properties not changing appreciably with redshift or radio power: not only do we find that the scatter in the L[O iii] versus Lradio correlation is significantly larger than in L[O ii] versus Lradio and LHβ versus Lradio correlations, but the ionization state deduced from the emission lines does not increase with radio power as predicted by the simple, constant ISM, photoionization model. We conclude that (a) there exists a considerable range in the quasar ionizing luminosity at a given redshift, and (b) the mean density of the emission-line clouds is larger in the high-redshift/high-power radio sources. The latter density enhancement may be either a consequence of the increased importance of jet–cloud interactions or, alternatively, the result of a higher pressure in the confining hot ISM, in the high-redshift objects. Apart from the general scatter in the correlations, we identify a distinct group of objects with [O III]λ 5007 luminosities which are more than an order of magnitude lower than in the general population radio galaxies at similar redshift. These weak-line radio galaxies (WLRGs) are likely to be sources in which the central ionizing quasars are particularly feeble. Deep spectra show that many of the sources in our sample are broad-line radio galaxies (BLRGs). The fact that the BLRGs are observed out to the redshift limit of the survey, overlapping in redshift with the quasars, argues against the idea that BLRGs are simply the low-radio-power counterparts of high-power, high-redshift quasars. Either there exists a considerable range in the intrinsic luminosities of the broad-line AGN for a given redshift or radio power, or the BLRGs represent partially obscured quasars. The degree of scatter present in the L[Oiii] versus Lradio correlation supports the former possibility.
Simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) imaging: Comparison with contrast‐enhanced MR angiography for measuring carotid stenosis

To evaluate in a proof‐of‐concept study the feasibility of Simultaneous Noncontrast Angiography and intraPlaque hemorrhage (SNAP) imaging as a clinical magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique for measuring carotid stenosis. There is a growing interest in detecting intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) during the clinical management of carotid disease, yet luminal stenosis has remained indispensable during clinical decision‐making. SNAP imaging has been proposed as a novel IPH imaging technique that provides carotid MRA with no added scan time. Flowing blood shows negative signal on SNAP because of phase‐sensitive inversion recovery.
Volume-based clustering for arbitrary shaped clusters

Volume-based clustering is a clustering technique for identifying arbitrary shaped clusters. The main aim of this paper is generation of arbitrary shaped clusters by forming sub-clusters which are merged to identify the actual shape of the clusters and two phase outlier detection and removal is conducted. By varying a user defined parameter e, user can get the desired number of clusters. Experiments were conducted on different sets of real and synthetic datasets to test our proposed algorithm and results are compared with other existing algorithms.
Superresolution-based enhancement of text in digital video

We present a superresolution-based text enhancement scheme to improve optical character recognition (OCR) and readability of text in digital video. The quality of video text is degraded by factors such as low resolution, antialiasing, clutter and blurring. We use the fact that the same text string often exists in consecutive frames to explore the temporal information and enhance the text image. For graphic text, we register text blocks to subpixel accuracy and fuse them to a new block with high resolution and a cleaner background. We use a projection onto convex sets based method to deblur scene text to improve readability. Experimental results show our scheme can improve OCR for graphic text and readability for scene text significantly.