Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast and Faster: A Comparison of Two Streamed Matrix Decomposition Algorithms

With the explosion of the size of digital dataset, the limiting factor for decomposition algorithms is the \emph{number of passes} over the input, as the input is often stored out-of-core or even off-site. Moreover, we're only interested in algorithms that operate in \emph{constant memory} w.r. t. to the input size, so that arbitrarily large input can be processed. In this paper, we present a practical comparison of two such algorithms: a distributed method that operates in a single pass over the input vs. a streamed two-pass stochastic algorithm. The experiments track the effect of distributed computing, oversampling and memory trade-offs on the accuracy and performance of the two algorithms. To ensure meaningful results, we choose the input to be a real dataset, namely the whole of the English Wikipedia, in the application settings of Latent Semantic Analysis.
Effects of a format-based second language teaching method in kindergarten

This article concerns second language teaching with a format-based method. The following article in this issue concerns foreign language teaching using the same approach. In the present study, the differences between a format-based teaching approach and a standard approach used as treatments in a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design are described in detail. The hypothesis tested is whether the effects of a format-based teaching method and a standard second language teaching method differ after two years for children at the age of 6. Results of MANOVA analysis for repeated measures show that the groups are quite comparable on the dependent variables, with some small differences in development between the two groups. Univariate results reveal that these differences favor children in the experimental group for sound articulation and favor children in the control group for sound discrimination. The results of the present article and those of the following article are discussed in light of broader issues concerning the differences between second language and foreign language teaching.
Adaptive rendering using Markov model

To address the realistic problems of current sampling and reconstruction methods, this paper proposes an adaptive rendering algorithm based on the Markov model and feature information. First, the rendering space is coarsely ray-traced and a one-step state transition probability matrix is built for each pixel. Second, per-pixel error is estimated by computing the multi-step transition probability matrix, which is coupled with the one-step matrix to determine the noise level of each pixel. In the reconstruction stage, the estimated pixel error is used to select a suitable scale of cross-bilateral filter, which make a trade-off between robustness to noise and fidelity to image details. In addition, feature buffers of texture, depth and surface normal are considered to preserve scene details. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms previous approaches both in visual image quality and numerical error.
Role for extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-membrane vesicles secreted by most cells types with the role to provide intercellular communication both locally and systemically. The transfer of their content between cells, which includes nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, confers the means for these interactions and induces significant cellular behaviour changes in the receiving cell. EVs are implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including development and neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, it has been shown that EV signalling is essential in almost all the steps necessary for the progress of carcinomas, from primary tumours to metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the latest findings for EV biology in relation to cancer progression and the tumour microenvironment. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.
Refactoring using type constraints

Type constraints express subtype relationships between the types of program expressions, for example, those relationships that are required for type correctness. Type constraints were originally proposed as a convenient framework for solving type checking and type inference problems. This paper shows how type constraints can be used as the basis for practical refactoring tools. In our approach, a set of type constraints is derived from a type-correct program P. The main insight behind our work is the fact that P constitutes just one solution to this constraint system, and that alternative solutions may exist that correspond to refactored versions of P. We show how a number of refactorings for manipulating types and class hierarchies can be expressed naturally using type constraints. Several refactorings in the standard distribution of Eclipse are based on our work.
`Double-trace' deformations, boundary conditions and spacetime singularities

Double-trace deformations of the AdS/CFT duality result in a new perturbation expansion for string theory, based on a non-local worldsheet. We discuss some aspects of the deformation in the low energy gravity approximation, where it appears as a change in the boundary condition of fields. We relate unique features of the boundary of AdS to the worldsheet becoming non-local, and conjecture that non-local worldsheet actions may be generic in other classes of backgrounds.
Human visual system aware decoding strategies for Distributed Video Coding

Distributed Video Coding (DVC) is a recent paradigm that offers emerging capabilities in contradiction to the established conventional video coding techniques. Based on the Slepian-Wolf (SW) and Wyner-Ziv (WZ) theorems, a DVC system has an outstanding low encoding complexity, by shifting the computational complex process of correlation exploration to the decoder. The fundamental DVC architecture is organized to reach a competitive Rate-Distortion (RD) performance in terms of PSNR, despite its low correlation with the human visual system (HSV). In contrast, this paper addresses the problem by proposing three image processing tools for exploiting spatio-temporal correlations to reduce the perceptual distortion of WZ frames. The proposed WZ pixel domain framework offers a comparable RD-performance referring to H.264 AVC intra coding.
Regional Edema Formation in Isolated Perfused Dog Lungs

Studies using gravimetric analysis of lungs of frozen animals have suggested that the differences in pulmonary microvascular pressure between non-dependent and dependent lung do not influence the formation of regional pulmonary edema. We wondered if the inability to detect variation in regional extravascular lung water (EVLW) was due to the slow freezing process and, therefore, reassessed the distribution of EVLW in vertically suspended isolated perfused dog lungs with a radioisotopic technique that does not require freezing. Total lung water (TLW), blood or intravascular lung water (FVLW), and EVLW were measured in absolute quantities using a positron camera and the positron-emitting isotopes CI5O as a blood label and H215 total lung water label. Mean isotopic TLW in 17 lungs that were normal or moderately edematous (wet:dry ratio < 7) was 142 ± 9 (SE) ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 148 ± 7 ml (r = 0.92) and isotopic EVLW was 64 ± 6 ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 70 ± 6 ml (r = 0.8). Analysis of the distribution of regional isotopically measured EVLW in the 17 lungs in various states of spontaneous edema formation revealed a small non-dependent to dependent, gravity-related increase in percent regional EVLW compared to percent regional TLW, which did not vary with the degree of edema in the lung. Serial measurements of absolute regional EVLW in four lungs during spontaneously developing edema also failed to show a disproportionate increase in accumulation of EVLW in any lung zone. Thus, despite the wide variation in microvascular hydrostatic pressure between-top and bottom of the vertical isolated lung, edema formation seems to be uniform. Circ Res 48:121-127, 1981
A Novel flow for Reasoning of Medical Diagnostic System using Artificial Feed Forward Neural Networks

— In its first part, this contribution reviews shortly the application of neural network methods to medical problems and characterizes its advantages and problems in the context of the medical background. Various research shows that diagnostic capabilities of human are worse than the neural network strategy to diagnose any pattern. Then paradigm of neural networks is introduced and the main problems of medical data base and the basic approaches for training and testing a network by medical data are described. Additionally, the problem of interfacing the network and its result is given and the optimal Back propagation algorithm approach is presented. Finally, as case study of neural rule based diagnosis septic shock diagnosis is described, on one hand by a growing neural network and on the other hand by a rule based system.
GAMBIT: Addressing multi-platform collaborative sketching with html5

Prototypes are essential tools for design activities for they allow designers to realize and evaluate ideas in early stages of the development. Sketching is a primary tool for constructing prototypes of interactive systems and has been used in developing low-fidelity prototypes for a long time. The computational support for sketching has been receiving a recurrence of interest in the last 45 years and again nowadays within the mobile web context, where there are diverse devices to be considered. The research reported on this paper aims at addressing issues on multi-platform collaborative sketching using a prototyping tool for user interfaces. The tool was built to aid the investigation on how designers sketch using many different devices and collaborate using their sketches during design sessions.
Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale

Abstract This study investigates the correlation between the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale. A convenience sample of 118 homebound, ill, elderly persons was used. The age range was 65-93 and the mean was 78.3; 47% of the sample was between the ages of 75-84. The two scales were correlated (r = .76, p < .01) and internal reliability of the GDS was . 825. For the GDS short form, 37% of the sample had scores of 8 or higher; for the SDS 20% had scores higher than 50, falling within the range of persons with probably depressive symptomatology. Results are discussed in terms of screening for depressive symptomatology in ill, elderly persons residing in the community.
On the role of color in the perception of motion in animated visualizations

Although luminance contrast plays a predominant role in motion perception, significant additional effects are introduced by chromatic contrasts. In this paper, relevant results from psychophysical and physiological research are described to clarify the role of color in motion detection. Interpreting these psychophysical experiments, we propose guidelines for the design of animated visualizations, and a calibration procedure that improves the reliability of visual motion representation. The guidelines are applied to examples from texture-based flow visualization, as well as graph and tree visualisation.
Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Women'S Roles: A Comparison between Israeli Jews and Arabs

To examine Israeli Jewish and Arab adolescents' attitudes toward women's roles, 319 Jewish and 276 Arab adolescent males and females from private, highly prestigious high schools responded to an attitudes toward women's roles questionnaire. The hypotheses that Jews (modern), females, and older (12th grade) adolescents express more liberal attitudes toward women's roles than do Arabs (transition to modernity), males, and younger (9th grade) adolescents were generally supported by the findings. The greater liberalism expressed by older Arab females indicates that their transition to adulthood is marked by a widening gap between the attitudes toward roles held by Arab males and females. Thus, Arab females striving for personal advancement may experience less support from their male peers than do their Jewish female counterparts.
PREDICTION OF TRADES APPRENTICES’PERFORMANCE ON JOB SAMPLE CRITERIA

A criterion-related validation was conducted to assess the validity of four aptitude tests and five tests of content taken directly from job tasks in predicting job sample performance of apprentices in eight skilled trades. Observed validities were above . 40 (corrected for range restriction, validities averaged .52). Though there were large subgroup mean differences on both predictor and criterion measures, there was no evidence of significant differential prediction.
An efficient transactional memory algorithm for computing minimum spanning forest of sparse graphs

Due to power wall, memory wall, and ILP wall, we are facing the end of ever increasing single-threaded performance. For this reason, multicore and manycore processors are arising as a new paradigm to pursue. However, to fully exploit all the cores in a chip, parallel programming is often required, and the complexity of parallel programming raises a significant concern. Data synchronization is a major source of this programming complexity, and Transactional Memory is proposed to reduce the difficulty caused by data synchronization requirements, while providing high scalability and low performance overhead. The previous literature on Transactional Memory mostly focuses on architectural designs. Its impact on algorithms and applications has not yet been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we investigate Transactional Memory from the algorithm designer's perspective. This paper presents an algorithmic model to assist in the design of efficient Transactional Memory algorithms and a novel Transactional Memory algorithm for computing a minimum spanning forest of sparse graphs. We emphasize multiple Transactional Memory related design issues in presenting our algorithm. We also provide experimental results on an existing software Transactional Memory system. Our algorithm demonstrates excellent scalability in the experiments, but at the same time, the experimental results reveal the clear limitation of software Transactional Memory due to its high performance overhead. Based on our experience, we highlight the necessity of efficient hardware support for Transactional Memory to realize the potential of the technology.
Caveolin-3 Associates with Developing T-tubules during Muscle Differentiation

Caveolae, flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, are particularly abundant in muscle cells. We have recently cloned a muscle-specific caveolin, termed caveolin-3, which is expressed in differentiated muscle cells. Specific antibodies to caveolin-3 were generated and used to characterize the distribution of caveolin-3 in adult and differentiating muscle. In fully differentiated skeletal muscle, caveolin-3 was shown to be associated exclusively with sarcolemmal caveolae. Localization of caveolin-3 during differentiation of primary cultured muscle cells and development of mouse skeletal muscle in vivo suggested that caveolin-3 is transiently associated with an internal membrane system. These elements were identified as developing transverse-(T)-tubules by double-labeling with antibodies to the α1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor in C2C12 cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the caveolin-3– labeled elements showed an association of caveolin-3 with elaborate networks of interconnected caveolae, which penetrated the depths of the muscle fibers. These elements, which formed regular reticular structures, were shown to be surface-connected by labeling with cholera toxin conjugates. The results suggest that caveolin-3 transiently associates with T-tubules during development and may be involved in the early development of the T-tubule system in muscle.
Extraction of Semantic Relationships from Academic Papers using Syntactic Patterns

Integrating concept and citation networks on a specific research subject can help researchers focus their own work or use methods described in prior works. In this paper, we propose a method to extract semantic relations from concepts and citation in the descriptions of related work. Specifically, we examined (i) topic-paper relations between research topics and reference papers and (ii) method-purpose relations between research topics. We also defined 15 lexico-syntactic patterns for the relation extraction. Results of experiments using a manually annotated dataset of 15 papers demonstrated the effectiveness of using the proposed lexico-syntactic patterns. Keywords-Relation extraction; Citation context; Knowledge extraction.
Superresolution images reconstructed from aliased images

In this paper, we present a simple method to almost quadruple the spatial resolution of aliased images. From a set of four low resolution, undersampled and shifted images, a new image is constructed with almost twice the resolution in each dimension. The resulting image is aliasing-free. A small aliasing-free part of the frequency domain of the images is used to compute the exact subpixel shifts. When the relative image positions are known, a higher resolution image can be constructed using the Papoulis-Gerchberg algorithm. The proposed method is tested in a simulation where all simulation parameters are well controlled, and where the resulting image can be compared with its original. The algorithm is also applied to real, noisy images from a digital camera. Both experiments show very good results.
El trabajo por competencias en el prácticum: cómo organizarlo y cómo evaluarlo

The article focuses on competencies-centered work in the practicum. The consideration of deficiencies in initial training hinders the possibility of assuming the practicum as a privileged environment for professional initiation and socialization. Professional competence is taken as that stage’s formative reference. Once professional competence and training based on competence have been conceptualized, there is a discussion of some of the implications such assumptions have in the design, development, negotiation and evaluation of the practicum.
Single‐subject designs in special education: advantages and limitations

Summary Originally, ‘single subject’ referred to ‘the fact that eachparticipant serves as his/her own control’ (Wolery et al.,2011, p. 103). In single-subject experiments, data are docu-mented repeatedly for each participant in two or morephases (the baseline phase and the intervention phase), andthe data patterns are compared across these phases to allowfor the effectiveness of the examined intervention to beexamined for each participant (Wolery et al., 2011). Horner et al. (2005) argued that single-subject designs areimportant and powerful methods for improving practices inthe special education ﬁeld for students with disabilities andtheir families. Single-subject designs provide methods ofexamining interventions for exceptional populations, suchas special education students. In addition, single-subjectdesigns may provide evidence-based results that couldimprovespecialeducationpractices.Becausesingle-subjectdesigns can readily be adapted to different situations andeducational settings, these designs are cost-effective.To increase the quality of single-subject research designs,certain important characteristics should be present in thesedesigns, such as (1) measurements that are reliable andconsistent,(2)theabilitytorepeatthemeasurementasoftenas necessary, (3) sufﬁciently detailed descriptions of themeasurement and treatment conditions, (4) at least onebaseline and one treatment phase, and (5) changes in onlyone variable between the baseline and treatment conditions(McMillan, 2004). In short, single-subject designs repeat-edly collect data about each participant across two or morephases, allowing for the variability in the data patterns foreach participant across these phases to be examined(Wolery et al., 2011).
Learning Category-Specific Dictionary and Shared Dictionary for Fine-Grained Image Categorization

This paper targets fine-grained image categorization by learning a category-specific dictionary for each category and a shared dictionary for all the categories. Such category-specific dictionaries encode subtle visual differences among different categories, while the shared dictionary encodes common visual patterns among all the categories. To this end, we impose incoherence constraints among the different dictionaries in the objective of feature coding. In addition, to make the learnt dictionary stable, we also impose the constraint that each dictionary should be self-incoherent. Our proposed dictionary learning formulation not only applies to fine-grained classification, but also improves conventional basic-level object categorization and other tasks such as event recognition. Experimental results on five data sets show that our method can outperform the state-of-the-art fine-grained image categorization frameworks as well as sparse coding based dictionary learning frameworks. All these results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop: October 2-4, 2002: Section 1: diagnosis of stable ischemia and ischemic heart disease.

The WISE workshop was convened to review results from the Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study and other studies of ischemic heart disease to examine the nature and scope of gender differences in both chronic and acute cardiac ischemia, in terms of clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment. This section addresses research needs in improved diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in women. The chronic stable ischemia syndrome was traditionally viewed as reversible myocardial ischemia and obstructive macrovascular coronary artery disease (CAD) that limits blood flow during periods of increased myocardial oxygen demand. The symptom, typical angina pectoris, usually had a predictable, effort-induced threshold for provocation and a characteristic chest discomfort. Unless they had diabetes, women were thought to be generally spared from this syndrome until they became elderly.1 Relatively “fixed” stenoses were central to this syndrome, and dynamic changes in coronary size were believed infrequent and contributing to only occasional variability in the threshold for ischemia provocation. Finally, the smaller arteries and arterioles were thought to be relatively spared from disease, and hence, they were not likely to participate in the pathophysiology of the ischemic syndrome. Our more contemporary view includes both men and women (with the latter being more prevalent2,3) who have variable thresholds for ischemia and symptoms that may be typical or atypical for angina pectoris. This view also includes patients (more frequently women, but also men) who have symptoms but no flow-limiting large-vessel coronary stenoses. The pathophysiology of this variability, as well as of ischemia without flow-limiting stenoses, has now been confirmed to be due to dynamic changes in coronary size that also include the microcirculation.4 These findings often involve dysfunctional endothelium and have the potential to limit flow, causing ischemia …