Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A five-state P300-based foot lifter orthosis: Proof of concept

Current lower limb prostheses do not integrate recent developments in robotics and in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). In fact, active lower limb prostheses seldom consider the user's intent, they often determine the correct movement from those of healthy parts of the body or from the residual limb. Recently, an emerging idea for non-invasive BCIs was proposed to allow such low bitrate systems to control a lower limb prosthesis thanks to a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) widely used in robotics. This CPG allows to automatically generate a periodic gait pattern. Furthermore, the CPG pattern frequency and magnitude can be adapted according to the specific gait behavior of the patient and his desired speed. This paper proves the concept of combining a human gait model based on a CPG and a classic but non-natural P300 BCI in order to consider the user's intent. The details of how the entire chain can be practically implemented are given. Finally, preliminary results on four healthy subjects for a four-speed P300-based lower limb orthosis with a non-control state are presented. Globally, results are satisfying and prove the feasibility of such systems.
Static and dynamic critical behavior of a symmetrical binary fluid: a computer simulation.

A symmetrical binary, A+B Lennard-Jones mixture is studied by a combination of semi-grand-canonical Monte Carlo (SGMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods near a liquid-liquid critical temperature T(c). Choosing equal chemical potentials for the two species, the SGMC switches identities (A-->B-->A) to generate well-equilibrated configurations of the system on the coexistence curve for TT(c). A finite-size scaling analysis of the concentration susceptibility above T(c) and of the order parameter below T(c) is performed, varying the number of particles from N=400 to 12 800. The data are fully compatible with the expected critical exponents of the three-dimensional Ising universality class. The equilibrium configurations from the SGMC runs are used as initial states for microcanonical MD runs, from which transport coefficients are extracted. Self-diffusion coefficients are obtained from the Einstein relation, while the interdiffusion coefficient and the shear viscosity are estimated from Green-Kubo expressions. As expected, the self-diffusion constant does not display a detectable critical anomaly. With appropriate finite-size scaling analysis, we show that the simulation data for the shear viscosity and the mutual diffusion constant are quite consistent both with the theoretically predicted behavior, including the critical exponents and amplitudes, and with the most accurate experimental evidence.
Single-channel analysis of four distinct classes of potassium channels in Drosophila muscle

A number of mutations have been shown to affect potassium channels in Drosophila muscle. Single-channel analysis of the effects of mutations will prove a powerful approach for studying the molecular mechanisms of ion channel gating. As an initial step towards studying the effects of mutations at the single-channel level, we have characterized wild-type potassium channels in cultured embryonic myotubes using whole-cell, cell-attached, inside-out, and outside-out configurations of the patch- clamp technique. The myotubes differentiate in vitro from primary cultures of late-gastrula stage embryos of Drosophila. The whole-cell outward currents develop in a characteristic sequence. At 8 hr after plating a small delayed outward current is present. Between 10 and 12 hr after plating an A-type outward current develops, followed, between 13 and 16 hr, by a large increase in the delayed current. The A-type current is absent at all developmental stages in myotubes homozygous for the mutant ShKS133. At least 4 different types of potassium channels contribute to the whole-cell outward currents: a fast transient 14 pS A-type potassium channel (A1), a slowly inactivating 14 pS potassium channel (KD), a 40 pS potassium channel that does not inactivate during voltage pulses up to 2.4 sec in duration (KO), and a 90 pS potassium channel that is strongly activated by membrane stretch (KST). Channels indistinguishable from the KD and KST channels were also observed in patch-clamp studies on larval body wall muscle fibers. A1 channels were also present in intact dorsal longitudinal flight muscles. The A1 channel underlies the rapidly inactivating component of the whole-cell current. It inactivates with a similar time course and voltage dependence to the A-current and is similarly blocked by 5 mM 4- aminopyridine. The KD channel underlies a large fraction of the delayed component of the whole-cell current. Ensemble averages of single KD channels inactivate with the same time course as the delayed current. The KO channel represents a smaller fraction of the whole-cell delayed outward current. Its increase in open probability with voltage is due primarily to a voltage dependence of its closed times. The KST channel is voltage and calcium independent and would therefore only contribute to the leak whole-cell current.
Broadband counter-phase dithering of multi-terabit/s DP-QPSK signals for low noise FWM with a single CW pump

Counter-phase modulation of WDM 24×100 Gb/s DP-QPSK channels in a polarization-insensitive fiber-loop is demonstrated for low noise degenerate four-wave mixing with a CW pump. The OSNR is boosted by ≈9 dB enabling an average ≈4 dB Q<sup>2</sup>-factor improvement.
Mh1 domain of Smad is a degraded homing endonuclease.

Smad proteins are eukarytic transcription regulators in the TGF-beta signaling cascade. Using a combination of sequence and structure-based analyses, we argue that MH1 domain of Smad is homologous to the diverse His-Me finger endonuclease family enzymes. The similarity is particularly extensive with the I-PpoI endonuclease. In addition to the global fold similarities, both proteins possess a conserved motif of three cysteine residues and one histidine residue which form a zinc-binding site in I-PpoI. Sequence and structure conservation in the motif region strongly suggest that MH1 domain may also incorporate a metal ion in its structural core. MH1 of Smad3 and I-PpoI exhibit similar nucleic acid binding mode and interact with DNA major groove through an antiparallel beta-sheet. MH1 is an example of transcription regulator derived from the ancient enzymatic domain that lost its catalytic activity but retained DNA-binding sites.
RACE: A Robust Adaptive Caching Strategy for Buffer Cache

Although many block replacement algorithms for buffer caches have been proposed to address the well-known drawbacks of the LRU algorithm, they are not robust and cannot maintain a consistent performance improvement over all workloads. This paper proposes a novel and simple replacement scheme, called the Robust Adaptive buffer Cache management schemE (RACE), which differentiates the locality of I/O streams by actively detecting access patterns that are inherently exhibited in two correlated spaces, that is, the discrete block space of program contexts from which I/O requests are issued and the continuous block space within files to which I/O requests are addressed. This scheme combines the global I/O regularities of an application and the local I/O regularities of individual files that are accessed in that application to accurately estimate the locality strength, which is crucial in deciding which blocks are to be replaced upon a cache miss. Through comprehensive simulations on 10 real-application traces, RACE is shown to have higher hit ratios than LRU and all other state-of-the-art cache management schemes studied in this paper.
Changes in Meat Quality and Natural Di-peptides in the Loin and Ham Cuts of Korean Native Black Pigs during Cold Storage

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the meat quality and natural di-peptide (carnosine and anserine) content in the loin and ham cuts of female, Korean Native Black Pigs (KNBP) during cold storage for 10 days. The pH value of the loin and the ham cuts increased with an increase in the number of storage days. The lightness () of the loin cuts did not show any significant difference; however, the lightness of the ham cuts was decreased at storage day 10 (p) of the ham was higher than the redness of the loin (p
Fish communities and their relation to environmental factors in the eastern Iowa basins in Iowa and Minnesota, 1996

Fish community data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at 12 sites in 1996 in the Wapsipinicon, the Cedar, the Iowa, and the Skunk River Basins in eastern Iowa. The study was done as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the USGS. This report presents an evaluation of the fish communities, the composition and conditions of the fish communities, and by relating these compositions and conditions to a variety of habitat and water-quality factors. A total of 56 fish species representing 13 families were collected from among the 12 sites in 1996. The family with the most species repre-sented were the minnows with 20. The number of individuals of all species collected in one sampling pass ranged from 472 at the Iowa River near Rowan to 2,072 at Wolf Creek near Dysart. Fish community composition was The fish
A survey of vaccine coverage and antibiotic prophylaxis in splenectomised patients in Scotland.

AIMS To determine the coverage of vaccine and antibiotic prophylaxis in splenectomised patients in Scotland. METHODS Patients who had undergone splenectomy between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1998 were identified. A questionnaire was sent to general practitioners to validate vaccine and antibiotic status for these patients. RESULTS A total of 974 living splenectomised patients were identified during the study period. Information on vaccine and antibiotic status was available for 708 (73%) and 770 (79%) of living patients, respectively. Coverage of pneumococcal vaccine (88%) was higher than that of Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (70%) or meningococcal vaccine (51%). Only 47% of patients received all three vaccines. A higher coverage was also documented for pneumococcal vaccine (28%) than Hib (19%) and meningococcal vaccine (14%) before elective splenectomy. Only 13% received all three vaccines before splenectomy. Coverage of influenza vaccine increased significantly, from 76% in the 1997/1998 season to 96% in the 2000/2001 season. Antibiotic prophylaxis was received by 67% of all patients. The current recommendation, comprising pneumococcal and Hib vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis, was received by only 52% of the patients. There was no association between the coverage of vaccine and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Further improvement in coverage of recommended vaccines and antibiotic prophylaxis is still needed to reduce the risk of serious infection in this high risk group.
PACOR: Practical control-layer routing flow with length-matching constraint for flow-based microfluidic biochips

In flow-based microfluidic biochips, microvalves on the control layer need to be connected to control pins via control channels. In application-specific and portable microfluidic devices, critical microvalves need to switch at the same time for correct functionality. Those microvalves are required to have equal or similar channel lengths to the control pin, so that the control signal can reach them simultaneously. This paper presents a practical control-layer routing flow (PACOR) considering the critical length-matching constraint. Major features of PACOR include: (1) effective candidate Steiner tree construction and selection methods for multiple microvalves based on the deferred-merge embedding (DME) algorithm and maximum weight clique problem (MWCP) formulation, (2) minimum cost flow-based formulation for simultaneous escape routing for improved routability, and (3) minimum-length bounded routing method to detour paths for length matching. Computational simulation results show effectiveness and efficiency of PACOR with promising matching results and 100% routing completion rate.
On the Performance of Device-to-Device Underlay Communication with Simple Power Control

We address device-to-device (D2D) communication as a potential resource reuse technique underlaying the cellular network. We consider the shared channel of the two systems as an interference channel and formulate the statistics of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of all users. The potential performance of D2D communication is evaluated by considering a scenario where only limited interference coordination between the cellular and the D2D communication is possible. We apply a simple power control method to the D2D communication which constrains the SINR degradation of the cellular link to a certain level. Results show that the SINR statistics of the D2D users is comparable to that of the cellular user in most of the cell area. Scheduling gain is possible by properly assigning either of the downlink (DL) or the uplink (UL) resources to the D2D communication.
An information layout method for an optical see-through head mounted display focusing on the viewability

Accessing information when we are on the move is a key feature if mobile computing environments, and using an optical see-through head mounted display (HMD) is one of the most suitable ways to do this. Although the HMD can display information without interfering with the user's view, when the sight behind the display is too complex or too bright, the information displayed can bee very difficult to see. To solve this problem, we have created a way of laying out information for the optical see-through HMD. The ideal area for displaying information is determined by evaluating the sight image behind the HMD captured by a pantoscopic camera mounted on it. Moreover, if there is no suitable area for displaying information, our method select involves using the sight image around users use to the ideal direction and instructing them to face the direction. Our method displays information to ideal areas.
Impact assessment of smart meter grouping on the accuracy of forecasting algorithms

The increased penetration of smart meters generates huge amounts of fine-grained data, which may empower a new generation of energy related applications and services. Significant research efforts focus on the usage of such data to mainly improve the business processes of the electrical grid operators and provide some value added services to the endusers. Forecasting has a prominent position as it is a crucial planning step, and is mostly used to predict the grid load through highly-aggregated data. However, with the dramatic increase on fine-grained data, new challenges arise as forecasting can now also be done on much shorter and detailed time-series data, which might provide new insights for future applications and services. For the smart grid era, being able to segment customers on highly predictable groups or identify highly volatile ones, is a key business advantage as more targeted offers can be made. This work focuses on the analysis and impact assessment of in the context of smart metering data aggregation. A system to measure the impact of aggregation is designed and its performance is assessed. We experiment with measuring of the forecast accuracy on various levels of individual load aggregation, and investigate the identification of highly predictable groups.
A MapReduce-based approach for computing reachability preserving graph

Traditional computations of reachability preservation based on breadth-first search (BFS) results usually focus on small-scale datasets on stand-alone. In order to solve the bottlenecks of memory capacity and computing speed while traditional approaches manipulate large-scale datasets and intermediate data generated, we propose a MapReduce-based approach to compute the reachability preserving graph. Based on the distributed parallel computing platform with the MapReduce programming model, we first obtain the whole strongly connected components (SCCs) based on the BFS results of original graph dataset. For condensing SCCs, we present an updating method based on label propagation. Additionally, for further compression, equivalence classes are processed via analyzing BFS results based on reachability equivalence relation. The experiments show that the BFS-based parallel computation of reachability preservation can achieve a good compression ratio and speed up well on the Hadoop computing cluster.
A model for the formation of transient event plumes above mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal systems

Event plumes (or megaplumes) are ephemeral bodies of anomalously warm water which form in the water column above mid-ocean ridges as the result of the catastrophic release of large volumes of hydrothermal fluid. During the formation of the largest event plumes, heat fluxes increase to at least 100 times those of a typical high-temperature vent field. Recent observations reveal a strong association between event plumes and diking-eruptive events. It has previously been suggested that event plumes are the result of increased fluxes throughout hydrothermal systems following a large increase in the permeability of a critical region. In this paper, an alternative model is explored whereby the volume of fluid expelled is not balanced by increased downflow but rather by the expansion of fluids near the base of the system. For most geologically plausible patterns of hydrothermal circulation, the fracturing and faulting associated with a diking event will result in a much larger decrease in the flow resistance of the upflow zone than the downflow zone. To balance fluxes, the pressure must decrease throughout the system. There is considerable evidence that the fluids near the base of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal convection cells lie near the two-phase boundary for seawater and thus are very compressible. Simple calculations show that fluid expansion in a depressurized reaction zone can match the observed formation times and sizes of large event plumes only if the permeability of the upflow zone increases to very high values (∼10 -9 -10 -10 m 2 ) and if the plume is underlain by a sizable reaction zone containing at least 0.01-0.2 km 3 of fluid at temperatures near the two-phase curve. Fluid expansion in a smaller reaction zone is a plausible mechanism to incorporate a component of mature hydrothermal fluid into event plumes whose heat content comes primarily from cooling lava flows. It may also be responsible for smaller event plumes or temporal fluctuations in chronic plumes which are not linked to volcanic eruptions but which follow tectonically or magmatically induced increases in permeability.
Protecting Location Privacy Through Path Confusion

We present a path perturbation algorithm which can maximize users’ location privacy given a quality of service constraint. This work concentrates on a class of applications that continuously collect location samples from a large group of users, where just removing user identifiers from all samples is insufficient because an adversary could use trajectory information to track paths and follow users’ footsteps home. The key idea underlying the perturbation algorithm is to cross paths in areas where at least two users meet. This increases the chances that an adversary would confuse the paths of different users. We first formulate this privacy problem as a constrained optimization problem and then develop heuristics for an efficient privacy algorithm. Using simulations with randomized movement models we verify that the algorithm improves privacy while minimizing the perturbation of location samples.
Reinforcement Learning and the Parallel Actions Common Goal problem

There exists an interesting category of problems, in particular in real-time strategy and colonization games. The player can perform several actions, usually in parallel, like gathering resources and building structures, with a single goal in mind. He has to consider which actions to take and how to schedule them, in order to reach the goal in the fastest way possible. We call these problems parallel actions common goal (PACG) problems. In this thesis we will try to solve these problems with reinforcement learning. To do this, we show that it is possible to capture PACG problems in a Markov Decision Processes (MDP). An MDP can be translated into a programming language, resulting in a simulator. Next, the simulator can be used as the environment for a reinforcement learning agent. We will focus on one complex PACG problem in particular, the browser game Ogame. After that, we will show that, if implemented in a tabular form, Q-learning can consistently learn the optimal policy in simple PACG problems. This will be done using a simplified version of the Ogame problem. Following this, we will introduce a Qlearning algorithm for more complex PACG problems, which includes Artificial Neural Networks and Experience Replay. We will then test this algorithm on the simplified Ogame problem to show that it also learns optimal policies. At last, we will try to use this algorithm to learn good policies for the complex Ogame problem.
Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering

This paper addresses a new approach to structural interpretation of 3-D seismic data. It is complemented by a second paper which has been submitted to GEOPHYSICS dealing with the technical aspects of structure-oriented filtering. The method and workflow should be viewed against a background of recent changes in the working environment for seismic interpretation. For instance, there has been constant pressure to reduce turnaround time or at least to quickly come up with preliminary results that can influence investment decisions. Integrated teams have been set up to analyze problems in parallel rather than sequential workflows. For the seismic interpreter, this means changing from a one-time transmission of final results to a repetitive process of feeding data into iterative team processes—starting with a crude structural model and followed by increasingly detailed, sophisticated models.
A GPU-Based Approach for Real-Time Haptic Rendering of 3D Fluids

Real-time haptic rendering of three-dimensional fluid flow will improve the interactivity and realism of video games and surgical simulators, but it remains a challenging undertaking due to its high computational cost. In this work we propose an innovative GPUbased approach that enables real-time haptic rendering of highresolution 3D Navier-Stokes fluids. We show that moving the vast majority of the computation to the GPU allows for the simulation of touchable fluids at resolutions and frame rates that are significantly higher than any other recent real-time methods without a need for pre-computations [Baxter and Lin 2004; Mora and Lee 2008; Dobashi et al. 2006]. Disciplines Computer Sciences | Engineering | Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces This conference paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/hms/182 A GPU-Based Approach for Real-Time Haptic Rendering of 3D Fluids (sap-0168) Meng Yang∗ University of Pennsylvania Jingwan Lu Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Zehua Zhou University of Pennsylvania Alla Safonova University of Pennsylvania Katherine J. Kuchenbecker University of Pennsylvania