Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post‐tetanic potentiation of GABAergic IPSCs in cultured rat hippocampal neurones

1 Dual whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording was used to investigate post‐tetanic potentiation (PTP) of GABAergic IPSCs evoked between pairs of cultured rat hippocampal neurones. Tetanization of the presynaptic neurone at frequencies (f) ranging from 5 to 100 Hz resulted in PTP of the IPSCs. Maximum PTP had a magnitude of 51.6 % just after the stimulus train, and lasted up to 1 min. PTP was shown to be dependent on the number of stimuli in the train, but independent of f at frequencies ≥ 5 Hz. 2 Blocking postsynaptic GABAA receptors with bicuculline during the tetanus did not affect the expression of PTP, showing that it is a presynaptic phenomenon. PTP was strongly affected by changing [Ca2+]oduring the tetanus: PTP was reduced by lowering [Ca2+]o, and increased by high [Ca2+]o. 3 PTP was still present after presynaptic injection of BAPTA or EGTA, or following perfusion of the membrane‐permeable ester EGTA‐tetraacetoxymethyl ester (EGTA AM, 50 μM). On the other hand, EGTA AM blocked spontaneous, asynchronous IPSCs (asIPSCs), which were often associated with tetanic stimulation. 4 Tetanic stimulation in the presence of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP), which promotes presynaptic Ca2+ influx, evoked sustained PTP of IPSCs in half of the neurones tested. 5 The results indicate that PTP at inhibitory GABAergic synapses is related to the magnitude of presynaptic Ca2+ influx during the tetanic stimulation, leading to an enhanced probability of vesicle release in the post‐tetanic period. The increase in [Ca2+]i occurs despite the presence of high‐affinity exogenous and endogenous intracellular Ca2+ buffers. That PTP of IPSCs depends on the number, and not the frequency, of spikes in the GABAergic neurone is in accordance with a slow clearing of intracellular Ca2+ from the presynaptic terminals.
Outage probability and average capacity research on wireless optical communication over turbulence channel

Atmospheric turbulence leads to the optical intensity fluctuation during the optical signal transmission; its influence has been a big barrier to the popularity of wireless optical communication. Based on the different optical intensity fluctuation distribution channel model over atmospheric turbulence, the mathematical statistic model of outage probability and average channel capacity is founded, and the influencing factor of reliability on atmospheric structure constant of refractive index and the length of link is researched. The simulation results show that the performance will degrade with the increasing of the normalized threshold signal-to-noise ratio and communication distance. The average channel capacity decreases by the increasing of the turbulence strength. Along with the receiver average electrical SNR increases, channel capacity under weak turbulence growth rates significantly greater than strong turbulence.
Training-induced changes in physical performance can be achieved without body mass reduction after eight week of strength and injury prevention oriented programme in volleyball female players

The purpose of the study was to analyse the changes in muscle strength, power, and somatic parameters in elite volleyball players after a specific pre-season training programme aimed at improving jumping and strength performance and injury prevention. Twelve junior female volleyball players participated in an 8-week training programme. Anthropometric characteristics, isokinetic peak torque (PT) single-joint knee flexion (H) and extension (Q) at 60º/s and 180º/s, counter movement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and reactive strength index (RSI) were measured before and after intervention. Significant moderate effects were found in flexor concentric PT at 60º/s and at 180 º/s in the dominant leg (DL) (18.3±15.1%, likely; 17.8±11.2%, very likely) and in extensor concentric PT at 180º/s (7.4%±7.8%, very likely) in the DL. In the non-dominant leg (NL) significant moderate effects were found in flexor concentric PT at 60º/s and at 180º/s (13.7±11.3%, likely; 13.4±8.0%, very likely) and in extensor concentric PT at 180º/s (10.7±11.5%, very likely). Small to moderate changes were observed for H/QCONV in the DL at 60º/s and 180º/s (15.9±14.1%; 9.6±10.4%, both likely) and in the NL at 60º/s (moderate change, 9.6±11.8%, likely), and small to moderate decreases were detected for H/QFUNC at 180º/s, in both the DL and NL (-7.0±8.3%, likely; -9.5±10.0%, likely). Training-induced changes in jumping performance were trivial (for RSI) to small (for CMJ and SJ). The applied pre-season training programme induced a number of positive changes in physical performance and risk of injury, despite a lack of changes in body mass and composition.
Buyer Power and Dependency in a Model of Negotiations

We study bilateral bargaining between buyers and sellers in a framework that allows both sides exibility to adjust trades during (temporary) disagreement. Our bargaining framework encompasses the outcome of auctions in truthful menus as limiting cases. Looking at the equilibrium per unit transaction prices, we nd that following an horizontal merger this new larger buyer pays a lower price only when buyersbargaining power in bilateral negotiations is su¢ ciently high, and a higher price otherwise a similar opposite result holds for mergers of sellers. These ambivalent e¤ect is explained by how size a¤ects own dependency of a buyer on each seller and the dependency of each seller on a buyer. This suggests that size is not a substitute (but rather a complement) for bargaining power in bilateral negotiations. When sellers bargaining power is lower, their payo¤ is more generally negatively a¤ected when market shares of buyers become more asymmetric. The richer predictions of our model may help to explain the recent ambiguous empirical evidence on buyer size and inform empiricists, business strategists, and antitrust practitioners. Keywords: Buyer power, dependency, bargaining. University of Frankfurt and Imperial College London. E-mail: inderst@ nance.uni-frankfurt.de. yLondon Business School, Sussex Place Regents Park, London NW1 4SA UK. E-mail: jmontez@london.edu.
Saturation Throughput Performance Analysis of a Medium Transparent MAC Protocol for 60 GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Networks

We demonstrate an analytical model for calculating the saturation throughput performance of a medium transparent medium access control (MAC) protocol in 60 GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) networks. The proposed model incorporates effectively the medium transparent MAC mechanism, assuming a finite number of terminals and ideal channel conditions. It takes into account contention both at the optical and wireless layer, ensuring seamless and dynamic capacity allocation over both transmission media. This model enables extensive saturation throughput performance analysis for the medium transparent MAC and has been applied to 60 GHz RoF network scenarios considering variable numbers of available optical wavelengths, wireless nodes and serving antenna elements and for two different data rate values, namely 155 Mbps and 1 Gbps. Comparison between the model-based throughput results and respective simulation-based outcomes reveals that our model is extremely accurate in predicting the system throughput. Moreover, it confirms that the proposed medium transparent MAC protocol can effectively operate in high-speed 60 GHz RoF LAN environments.
What is and what could have been: Experiencing regret and relief across childhood

Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, are considered important in daily-life choice behaviour, learning and emotion regulation. A prominent question is from which age counterfactual emotions develop. In this study, we compared a more “traditional” analysis with a latent-class analysis (LCA) that allows the study of individual differences and a more detailed assessment of counterfactual emotions. Four groups of children (5–6 years, 7–8 years, 9–10 years and 11–13 years) and a group of young adults performed a choice task in which they encountered a Regret situation (chosen option was worse than alternative), a Relief situation (chosen option was better than alternative) and a Baseline situation (chosen option was equal to alternative). Traditional analyses indicated regret and relief to be present from ages 7 to 8. In contrast, the LCA indicated that subgroups experiencing regret and relief were present in all age groups, although regret and relief subgroups increased with age. Moreover, analyses indicated that higher reasoning scores increased the probability to belong to regret and relief subgroups and that the experience of regret dependent on trial order, being more prominent in later trials. We conclude that an individual-difference approach can advance insight into emotional development.
Three-Axis Coil Probe Dimensions and Uncertainties During Measurement of Magnetic Fields from Appliances

Comparisons are made between the average magnetic flux density for a three-axis circular coil probe and the flux density at the center of the probe. The results, which are determined assuming a dipole magnetic field, provide information on the uncertainty associated with measurements of magnetic fields from some electrical appliances and other electrical equipment. The present investigation extends an earlier treatment of the problem, which did not consider all orientations of the probe. A more comprehensive examination of the problem leaves unchanged the conclusions reached previously.
How many species of prokaryotes are there?

The microorganisms classified in the two prokaryotic domains of the tree of life, Bacteria and Archaea, possess immense metabolic diversity, and their activities are critical in processes ranging from sewage treatment to regulating the composition of the atmosphere. Especially in light of the rate of modern climate change, it is essential to understand how microbial communities affect ecosystem functioning and how human activities, such as agriculture, waste management, and climate modification, affect microbial communities. Thus discovering and understanding the diversity of microbial communities (the number of species and their relative abundances) is a high priority in ecology. In this issue of PNAS, Curtis et al. (1) address what is therefore one of the most fundamental questions in microbial ecology—how many species of prokaryotes are there in nature? Only in the last 10–15 years has it even been possible to pose the question and hope realistically for an answer in the case of prokaryotes. Less than 30 years ago, the answer to the even more fundamental question “How many individuals are there? ” was revised in such a way as to change the entire focus of environmental microbiology. So to appreciate the significance of the question and answer provided by Curtis et al. (1), it is useful to review that recent history briefly. Before the mid-1970s, microbial ecologists assessed the population size of bacteria in soils, sediments, and natural waters by culturing the microbes and counting the number of colonies that grew on nutrient agar plates. For seawater, the cultivable prokaryotic population size was a few hundred cells per milliliter (2, 3). That was an almost inconsequential number relative to the thousands or tens of thousands of planktonic algal cells that could be seen (literally, with a microscope) in the same milliliter of water. The primary importance then ascribed to environmental …
Towards Dynamic Data Placement for Polystore Ingestion

Integrating low-latency data streaming into data warehouse architectures has become an important enhancement to support modern data warehousing applications. In these architectures, heterogeneous workloads with data ingestion and analytical queries must be executed with strict performance guarantees. Furthermore, the data warehouse may consists of multiple different types of storage engines (a.k.a., polystores or multi-stores). A paramount problem is data placement; different workload scenarios call for different data placement designs. Moreover, workload conditions change frequently. In this paper, we provide evidence that a dynamic, workload-driven approach is needed for data placement in polystores with low-latency data ingestion support. We study the problem based on the characteristics of the TPC-DI benchmark in the context of an abbreviated polystore that consists of S-Store and Postgres.
Stable Ferroelectric Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene) Film for Flexible Nonvolatile Memory Application

In this letter, a formation method for uniform ferroelectric polymer thin film on very rough aluminum foil is introduced, and the performance characteristics of the film are characterized by hysteresis measurements. For a bending radius of 0.6 cm, the remanent polarization, coercive field and internal bias field are equal in a flat state. After bending 500 times repetitively with a bending radius of 1.1 cm, its performance was nearly constant. Therefore, the method proposed in this letter can be useful for the fabrication of high-quality flexible memory devices on a flexible and rough substrate.
Robust whole-body control of an unmanned aerial manipulator

This paper presents a cascade control strategy of an aerial manipulator, which is composed of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serially coupled to a robotic arm. The main objective is to track a desired trajectory of the end-effector while keeping the whole system stable, in presence of uncertainties. To achieve that, the proposed cascade control system considers in the inner loop a partial feedback linearization controller (FL) obtained from Lie derivative, while considers the quadrotor UAV model with input coupling. In the outer loop a kinematic controller is designed through the linear controller using LMIs to deal with the remaining uncertainties from the FL approach. Dual quaternion algebra is used to obtain the whole-body kinematic model, and the equations of motion express the influence of the manipulator movement in the center of mass of the entire system. Finally, the performance of the proposed control strategy is evaluated through simulation of a quadrotor equipped with a 5-DOF robotic arm subject to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances.
A 0.7-V, 2.86-µW low-noise logarithmic amplifier for neural recording system

This paper describes the design and realization of a low-noise, low-voltage, low-power CMOS logarithmic amplifier for bio-signal and neural recording applications. The proposed logarithmic amplifier is based on the progressive-compression parallel-summation architecture with DC offset cancellation feedback loop. A new fully differential limiting amplifier with bulk-driven current mirror active load is proposed to achieve larger voltage gain and low voltage operation. The proposed logarithmic amplifier was designed and simulated with process parameters from a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The circuit operates with a single 0.7-V power supply voltage and dissipates 2.86 μW. The simulated input dynamic range is about 60 dB, which covers the input amplitudes ranging from 10 μV to 10 mV. The simulated -3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier is from 0.32 Hz to 22 kHz. The simulated total input-referred noise, integrated from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz, is 4.41 μV.
Tumor detection using Bayesian conjugate prior in diffuse optical tomography

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging non-invasive technique for detecting the presence of a tumor or other anomalies from a scattered photon field. In this paper, we derive an alternating projection algorithm to reconstruct the spatially varying absorption coefficient of human brain tissue to detect the presence of tumor. We use a perturbation method and assume the absorption coefficient of the tumor to be spatially varying with a Gaussian distribution. This assumption serves as a Bayesian conjugate prior on the absorption coefficient of the whole domain and using this prior can reduce the computational complexity and allow finding analytically tractable posteriors. Such prior information can be extracted from MRI or X-ray images to improve spatial resolution and accuracy of the reconstructed image. We illustrate our results using a simulated 3D geometry. We show that tumor presence can be detected using only one observation of the noisy data
Partial Identification and Bound Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect of Education on Earnings for South Africa

type="main" xml:id="obes12059-abs-0001"> We partially identify the average treatment effect of education on earnings and non-parametrically estimate its upper bound for African, Coloured (mixed race) and White males in South Africa. We address endogenous selection into education, cohort effects and endogenous selection into work. Using the September 2007 South African Labour Force Survey, the upper bound estimates are considerably lower than existing parametric point estimates of the return to education. As a lesson, policy makers should focus less on increasing the amount of education obtained by Africans and Coloureds, but rather on measures that can grow the return to existing levels of education.
Digital radio frequency memory synthetic instrument enhancing US Navy Automated Test Equipment mission

This research project aims to expand the capability of current US Navy Automated Test Equipment (ATE) family of testers known as the Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS). Industry research is now focused on breaking the historical construct of test equipment. Advances in the field of Synthetic Instruments have opened the door to test avionics in new ways. Every year new capabilities are developed using core hardware and increasingly capable software modules to create complex waveforms. This research creates a Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Synthetic Instrument that can be programmed to perform a wide array of low latency Radio Frequency (RF) tests. Synthetic Instruments are defined as a concatenation of hardware and software modules used in combination to emulate a traditional piece of electronic instrumentation. This Synthetic Instrument couples high speed Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) to high speed Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in between for digital signal processing. An RF front end is used to down convert the RF to baseband where it is sampled, modified, and up converted back to RF. The FPGA performs Digital Signal Processing (DSP) on the signal to achieve the desired output. Application of this DRFM in automated testing is demonstrated using a Reconfigurable Transportable Consolidated Automated Support System (RTCASS) tester at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Jacksonville, FL. The Unit Under Test (UUT) is an ALQ-162 Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (DECM) receiver-transmitter. Ultra-low latency signals are generated to simulate enemy jamming stimulus. As the ALQ-162 detects and responds to the input, the DRFM switches to a new frequency. The time taken by the ALQ-162 to acquire, respond, and re-acquire is measured. This test confirms the internal Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) oscillator meets slew specifications. Currently Navy ATE can only test RF units using high latency steady state tests. This research project developed a supplemental unit that can be added to the VXI chassis in the CASS family of testers and conduct ultra-low latency active tests. The instrument acts as hardware-in-the-loop to perform real-time tests including a new capability to measure jamming response time from DECM avionics. Demonstrated performance capabilities include: latency <; 100 ns, output Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) > 80 dBc, input SFDR > 60 dBc, frequency tuning resolution <; 2 Hz, and frequency settling time <; 0.5 ns. New RF capabilities developed by this effort parallel similar research ongoing for digital test instruments like the Teradyne High Speed Subsystem. Incorporating this Digital RF Memory synthetic instrument into current and future ATE will improve readiness and supportability of the fleet. Improvements demonstrated by this research project will expand the type and quantity of assets able to be tested by current and future ATE.
Implementing the individual placement and support (IPS) approach for people with mental health conditions in England

Despite the overwhelming evidence of the effectiveness of the individual placement and support (IPS) approach to vocational rehabilitation for people with mental health conditions, there is very limited evidence of implementation in the UK. Both government policy and national clinical guidelines have set out a need for the availability of this effective approach in favour of other approaches, yet implementation appears to be an exception rather than a rule. This paper sets out four key challenges to implementing the IPS approach within mental health services in England: fear on the part of professionals, individuals and their families; a culture of low expectations; a failure to provide the support that we know works, and the global ‘credit crunch’ recession. Using a framework from implementation science, this review identifies the key features of implementing IPS within routine clinical practice from the experience of two large mental health NHS trusts in England.
Development of a water heater population control for the demand-side frequency control

A developed control is proposed for the population of Water Heater Devices to provide different dynamic Frequency Services. The hierarchal control is based on two decision Layers, the aggregator Layer and the device control Layer. The aggregator Layer receives States of devices and enables/disables the device control Layer. It enables the population to respond from devices with higher to lower Water Temperature when a frequency drop. It enables devices to work independently, consequently eliminate any uncertainty associated with the response of the devices. The dynamic representation of the Electric Resistance Water Heater (ERWH) and Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) were achieved using Markov chain. It was demonstrated using the single machine Great Britain (GB) and the 14-machines South-East Australian power systems with real disturbances. It demonstrates the potential for an aggregator to provide different dynamic frequency reserve services at the same time and evaluates the effective population's capacity.
A Versatile Structural Domain Analysis Server Using Profile Weight Matrices

The WEB tool "AnDom" assigns to a given protein sequence all experimentally determined structural domains contained within it, including multidomain and large proteins. The server uses profile specific matrices from custom generated multiple sequence alignments of all known SCOP domains (SCOP version 1.50). Prediction time is short allowing numerous applications for structural genomics including investigation of complex eucaryotic protein families. The WWW server is at http://www.bork. embl-heidelberg.de/AnDom, and profiles can be downloaded at ftp.bork. embl-heidelberg.de/pub/users/ schmidt/AnDom.
Monte Carlo study of the dynamic breakdown effects in HEMT's

We present a theoretical investigation of the near-breakdown scenario in pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (HEMT's). We show that the main mechanism for the enhanced drain current is a parasitic bipolar effect due to holes, generated by impact ionization, which accumulate in the channel and in the substrate close to the source contact. The dynamic of this charge accumulation and of the consequent drain current increase is studied by means of a two-dimensional (2-D) Poisson Monte Carlo simulator.