Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relations of Sex to Diagnosis and Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background The atypical presentation of women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been related to delayed diagnosis and treatment, which may explain worse outcome compared with men. Methods and Results We analyzed pooled data of 2520 patients of 2 prospective cohorts in terms of differences in presentation and management of women and men suggestive of ACS. Using logistic regression, we established 2 diagnostic models and tested their diagnostic performance in both sexes separately. Sex‐specific differences in management of patients with ACS were ascertained and a 2‐year follow‐up was performed. Women were older than men (median 67 versus 61 years, P=0.001), had more often dyspnea (22% versus 18%, P=0.024), nausea or vomiting (26% versus 16%, P=0.001) and radiating chest pain (47% versus 40%, P=0.001). Classical risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia or known coronary artery disease) were less frequent in women. Diagnostic models showed no significant sex‐related differences in diagnostic performance in a “first contact” setting (medical history and symptoms) or after “complete triage” (including ECG and biomarkers). Women with ACS underwent coronary angiography (73.8% versus 84.3%, P<0.001) and revascularization (53.8% versus 70.1%, P<0.001) less frequently. Two‐year incidence of myocardial infarction and death was similar in both sexes, but revascularization and cardiac rehospitalization were more frequent in men. Conclusions In a large cohort of patients with suspected ACS, sex differences in clinical presentation did not impair diagnostic accuracy. Two‐year outcomes were comparable. Our findings suggest a benefit of chest pain units to minimize sex differences in ACS management and prognosis. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifiers: NCT02355457 (BACC), NCT03227159 (stenoCardia).
Flutter analysis of ARW-2 wing using doublet lattice

Aeroelastic characteristics of an aeroplane are of important concern in the design of modern elastic aircrafts, which must be considered in the preliminary design. This paper is about the investigation of aeroelastic effects in the subsonic speed range and the flutter analysis of a large elastic wing known as the DAST ARW-2. The normal frequencies and mode shapes are evaluated and used for the aeroelastic analysis. The modal frequencies and mode shapes showed no significant difference and showed good agreement with experimental results. Vertical and torsional linear deflections due to applied loads were validated with the previous results. The wing structure is modeled using composites cited in literature. Flutter properties of wing are characterized by a non-dimensional quantity known as flutter speed index (FSI). The results have been validated by comparison with the flutter data of ARW-2 using Doublet lattice method. The Flutter speed index (FSI) values show good agreement with literature results.
Gradient Augmented Information Retrieval with Autoencoders and Semantic Hashing

This paper will explore the use of autoencoders for semantic hashing in the context of Information Retrieval. This paper will summarize how to efficiently train an autoencoder in order to create meaningful and low-dimensional encodings of data. This paper will demonstrate how computing and storing the closest encodings to an input query can help speed up search time and improve the quality of our search results. The novel contributions of this paper involve using the representation of the data learned by an auto-encoder in order to augment our search query in various ways. I present and evaluate the new gradient search augmentation (GSA) approach, as well as the more well-known pseudo-relevance-feedback (PRF) adjustment. I find that GSA helps to improve the performance of the TF-IDF based information retrieval system, and PRF combined with GSA works best overall for the systems compared in this paper.
Genetic Differentiation and Delimitation between Ecologically Diverged Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa

Background The fixed genetic differences between ecologically divergent species were found to change greatly depending on the markers examined. With such species it is difficult to differentiate between shared ancestral polymorphisms and past introgressions between the diverging species. In order to disentangle these possibilities and provide a further case for DNA barcoding of plants, we examine genetic differentiation between two ecologically divergent poplar species, Populus euphratica Oliver and P. pruinosa Schrenk using three different types of genetic marker. Methodology/Principal Findings We genotyped 290 individuals from 29 allopatric and sympatric populations, using chloroplast (cp) DNA, nuclear (nr) ITS sequences and eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Three major cpDNA haplotypes were widely shared between the two species and between-species cpDNA differentiation (FCT) was very low, even lower than among single species populations. The average SSR FCT values were higher. Bayesian clustering analysis of all loci allowed a clear delineation of the two species. Gene flow, determined by examining all SSR loci, was obvious but only slightly asymmetrical. However, the two species were almost fixed for two different nrITS genotypes that had the highest FCT, although a few introgressed individuals were detected both in allopatric and sympatric populations. Conclusions The two species shared numerous ancestral polymorphisms at cpDNA and a few SSR loci. Both ITS and a combination of nuclear SSR data could be used to differentiate between the two species. Introgressions and gene flow were obvious between the two species either during or after their divergence. Our findings underscore the complex genetic differentiations between ecologically diverged species and highlight the importance of nuclear DNA (especially ITS) differentiation for delimiting closely related plant species.
Hydrogeological system of erosional convergent margins and its influence on tectonics and interplate seismogenesis

Fluid distribution in convergent margins is by most accounts closely related to tectonics. This association has been widely studied at accretionary prisms, but at half of the Earth's convergent margins, tectonic erosion grinds down overriding plates, and here fluid distribution and its relation to tectonics remain speculative. Here we present a new conceptual model for the hydrological system of erosional convergent margins. The model is based largely on new data and recently published observations from along the Middle America Trench offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and it is consistent with observations from other erosional margins. The observations indicate that erosional margins possess previously unrecognized distinct hydrogeological systems: Most fluid contained in the sediment pores and liberated by early dehydration reactions drains from the plate boundary through a fractured upper plate to seep at the seafloor across the slope, rather than migrating along the décollement toward the deformation front as described for accretionary prisms. The observations indicate that the relative fluid abundance across the plate‐boundary fault zone and fluid migration influence long‐term tectonics and the transition from aseismic to seismogenic behavior. The segment of the plate boundary where fluid appears to be more abundant corresponds to the locus of long‐term tectonic erosion, where tectonic thinning of the overriding plate causes subsidence and the formation of the continental slope. This correspondence between observations indicates that tectonic erosion is possibly linked to the migration of overpressured fluids into the overriding plate. The presence of overpressured fluids at the plate boundary is compatible with the highest flow rates estimated at slope seeps. The change from aseismic to seismogenic behavior along the plate boundary of the erosional margin begins where the amount of fluid at the fault declines with depth, indicating a control on interplate earthquakes. A previously described similar observation along accreting plate boundaries strongly indicates that fluid abundance exerts a first‐order control on interplate seismogenesis at all types of subduction zones. We hypothesize that fluid depletion with depth increases grain‐to‐grain contact, increasing effective stress on the fault, and modifies fault zone architecture from a thick fault zone to a narrower zone of localized slip.
The Zinc Finger of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Is Essential for Efficient Hydroxylation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α

ABSTRACT Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) (also known as EGLN1) is a key oxygen sensor in mammals that posttranslationally modifies hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-α) and targets it for degradation. In addition to its catalytic domain, PHD2 contains an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger domain, which we have previously proposed recruits PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway to promote HIF-α hydroxylation. Here, we provide evidence that this recruitment is critical both in vitro and in vivo. We show that in vitro, the zinc finger can function as an autonomous recruitment domain to facilitate interaction with HIF-α. In vivo, ablation of zinc finger function by a C36S/C42S Egln1 knock-in mutation results in upregulation of the erythropoietin gene, erythrocytosis, and augmented hypoxic ventilatory response, all hallmarks of Egln1 loss of function and HIF stabilization. Hence, the zinc finger ordinarily performs a critical positive regulatory function. Intriguingly, the function of this zinc finger is impaired in high-altitude-adapted Tibetans, suggesting that their adaptation to high altitude may, in part, be due to a loss-of-function EGLN1 allele. Thus, these findings have important implications for understanding both the molecular mechanism of the hypoxic response and human adaptation to high altitude.
Prospective of 68Ga Radionuclide Contribution to the Development of Imaging Agents for Infection and Inflammation

During the last decade, the utilization of 68Ga for the development of imaging agents has increased considerably with the leading position in the oncology. The imaging of infection and inflammation is lagging despite strong unmet medical needs. This review presents the potential routes for the development of 68Ga-based agents for the imaging and quantification of infection and inflammation in various diseases and connection of the diagnosis to the treatment for the individualized patient management.
What Is an Attractive Body? Using an Interactive 3D Program to Create the Ideal Body for You and Your Partner

What is the ideal body size and shape that we want for ourselves and our partners? What are the important physical features in this ideal? And do both genders agree on what is an attractive body? To answer these questions we used a 3D interactive software system which allows our participants to produce a photorealistic, virtual male or female body. Forty female and forty male heterosexual Caucasian observers (females mean age 19.10 years, s.d. 1.01; 40 males mean age 19.84, s.d. 1.66) set their own ideal size and shape, and the size and shape of their ideal partner using the DAZ studio image manipulation programme. In this programme the shape and size of a 3D body can be altered along 94 independent dimensions, allowing each participant to create the exact size and shape of the body they want. The volume (and thus the weight assuming a standard density) and the circumference of the bust, waist and hips of these 3D models can then be measured. The ideal female body set by women (BMI = 18.9, WHR = 0.70, WCR = 0.67) was very similar to the ideal partner set by men, particularly in their BMI (BMI = 18.8, WHR = 0.73, WCR = 0.69). This was a lower BMI than the actual BMI of 39 of the 40 women. The ideal male body set by the men (BMI = 25.9, WHR = 0.87, WCR = 0.74) was very similar to the ideal partner set by the women (BMI = 24.5, WHR = 0.86, WCR = 0.77). This was a lower BMI than the actual BMI of roughly half of the men and a higher BMI than the other half. The results suggest a consistent preference for an ideal male and female body size and shape across both genders. The results also suggest that both BMI and torso shape are important components for the creation of the ideal body.
Modeling height for children born small for gestational age treated with growth hormone

The analysis of growth curves of children can be done on either the original scale or in standard deviation scores. The first approach is found in many statistical textbooks, while the second approach is common in endocrinology, for instance in the evaluation of the effect of growth hormone in children that are born small for gestational age that remain small later in childhood. We illustrate here that the second approach may involve more complex modeling and hence a worse model fit.
Crawling with Virus: Translational Insights from a Neonatal Mouse Model on the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants

ABSTRACT The infant immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains incompletely understood. Here we review the use of a neonatal mouse model of RSV infection to mimic severe infection in human infants. We describe numerous age-specific responses, organized by cell type, observed in RSV-infected neonatal mice and draw comparisons (when possible) to human infants.
Gender classification from periocular NIR images using fusion of CNNs models

Gender classification from periocular images is a challenging topic. Previous algorithms have focused primarily on the use of texture features and not much research has been done on applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to this task. In this work we trained a small convolutional neural network for the left and right eyes, and more importantly, studied the effect of merging those models and compare it against the model obtained by training a CNN over the fused left-right eye images. We show that the network benefits from this model merging approach, and becomes more robust towards occlusion and low resolution degradation, outperforming the results of using a single CNN model for the left and right set of images. Ex-periments done over a database of near-infrared periocular images show that our CNN model exhibits competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Fractal Neural Network Diagnosis Method of Smart Structure Damage

A new approach is proposed to settle the problem of determining the damage degree of smart material and structures. Neural network is adopted to fuse the material interior strain and structure external fractal dimension. The tiny fiber-Fabry-Perot strain sensors, a kind of convenient device combination of absolute measurements with a large dynamic range and high accuracy, is suitable to be embedded into the composite material to sense the material interior strain. Furthermore, the cracks over the surface of structures is a indicator of its interior damage, it can be quantitated by the fractal theory based on the distributing characters of cracks and gain the fractal dimension value, together with the strain be fed into NN, the powerful non-linear process capacity of NN is available to detect the structures damage on-line. The main experimentation results over a composite testing specimen of 35cm×35cm indicate that the performance of the method involved is reliable and effective to diagnose the material and structures damage even to predict the life of material farther.
Bounds on the Average Velocity of a Rigid Body in a Stokes Fluid

Bounds are established for the average velocity per unit force for the motion of a rigid body in a viscous fluid modeled with the Stokes equations. The translational velocity in the direction of an imposed force is considered in a fluid that is at rest at infinity, and the average is taken over all orientations of the force, with the orientations being uniform on the unit sphere. This average velocity for an arbitrary rigid body is shown to be bounded above and below by two simple, characteristic inverse distances associated with the surface of the body. Whereas the lower bound is implied by classic comparison results, the upper bound is of a different character and does not rely on any notion of an enclosing surface as in classic results, and may be useful in making comparisons between two bodies when neither can be enclosed by the other. In contrast to previous studies based on partial differential equations for the primary field variables, the bounds are established using a boundary integral formulatio.
Inverted formin 2 in focal adhesions promotes dorsal stress fiber and fibrillar adhesion formation to drive extracellular matrix assembly

Significance The ability of cells to interact with and remodel their extracellular environment is a critical process in developmental morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer. How the physical and chemical responses of fibroblasts to the extracellular matrix are integrated across the cell remains a major open question. Previous data has shown a major role for the actin cytoskeleton in coordinating deposition and organization of the extracellular matrix by fibroblasts. Our study examines the role of inverted formin 2 (INF2), a protein known to create new actin filaments, in mediating cellular response to extracellular conditions and control of extracellular matrix remodeling. We find that INF2 is responsible for generating specific actin structures and specialized integrin-based fibrillar adhesions that are required for remodeling of the fibronectin extracellular matrix by fibroblasts. Actin filaments and integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) form integrated systems that mediate dynamic cell interactions with their environment or other cells during migration, the immune response, and tissue morphogenesis. How adhesion-associated actin structures obtain their functional specificity is unclear. Here we show that the formin-family actin nucleator, inverted formin 2 (INF2), localizes specifically to FAs and dorsal stress fibers (SFs) in fibroblasts. High-resolution fluorescence microscopy and manipulation of INF2 levels in cells indicate that INF2 plays a critical role at the SF–FA junction by promoting actin polymerization via free barbed end generation and centripetal elongation of an FA-associated actin bundle to form dorsal SF. INF2 assembles into FAs during maturation rather than during their initial generation, and once there, acts to promote rapid FA elongation and maturation into tensin-containing fibrillar FAs in the cell center. We show that INF2 is required for fibroblasts to organize fibronectin into matrix fibers and ultimately 3D matrices. Collectively our results indicate an important role for the formin INF2 in specifying the function of fibrillar FAs through its ability to generate dorsal SFs. Thus, dorsal SFs and fibrillar FAs form a specific class of integrated adhesion-associated actin structure in fibroblasts that mediates generation and remodeling of ECM.
Fundamental Power Limits of SAR and ΔΣ Analog-to-Digital Converters

This work aims at estimating and comparing the power limits of ΔΣ and charge-redistribution successive-approximation register (CR-SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), in order to identify which topology is the most power-efficient for a target resolution. A power consumption model for mismatch-limited SAR ADCs and for discrete-time (DT) ΔΣ modulators is presented and validated against experimental data. SAR ADCs are found to be the best choice for low-to-medium resolutions, up to roughly 80 dB of dynamic range (DR). At high resolutions, on the other hand, ΔΣ modulators become more power-efficient. This is due to the intrinsic robustness of the ΔΣ modulation principle against circuit imperfections and non-idealities. Furthermore, a comparison of the area occupation of such topologies reveals that, at high resolutions and for a given dynamic range, ΔΣ ADCs result more area-efficient as well.
Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Its Mutants in Soils

The persistence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 in the environment poses a serious threat to public health. However, the role of Shiga toxins and other virulence factors in the survival of E. coli O157:H7 is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to determine if the virulence factors, stx 1, stx 2, stx 1–2, and eae in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 play any significant role in the growth of this pathogen in rich media and in soils. Isogenic deletion mutants that were missing one of four virulence factors, stx 1, stx 2, stx 1–2, and eae in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 were constructed, and their growth in rich media and survival in soils with distinct texture and chemistry were characterized. The survival data were successfully analyzed using Double Weibull model, and the modeling parameters of the mutant strains were not significantly different from those of the wild type. The calculated Td (time needed to reach the detection limit, 100 CFU/g soil) for loamy sand, sandy loam, and silty clay was 32, 80, and 110 days, respectively. It was also found that Td was positively correlated with soil structure (e.g. clay content), and soil chemistry (e.g. total nitrogen, total carbon, and water extractable organic carbon). The results of this study showed that the possession of Shiga toxins and intimin in E. coli O157:H7 might not play any important role in its survival in soils. The double deletion mutant of E. coli O157:H7 (stx 1 − stx 2 −) may be a good substitute to use for the investigation of transport, fate, and survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the environment where the use of pathogenic strains are prohibited by law since the mutants showed the same characteristics in both culture media and environmental samples.
Clinical Patterns and Treatment Outcome in Patients with Melancholic, Atypical and Non-Melancholic Depressions

Objective To assess sociodemographic, clinical and treatment factors as well as depression outcome in a large representative clinical sample of psychiatric depressive outpatients and to determine if melancholic and atypical depression can be differentiated from residual non-melancholic depressive conditions. Subjects/Materials and Method A prospective, naturalistic, multicentre, nationwide epidemiological study of 1455 depressive outpatients was undertaken. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Self Rated Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR30). IDS-SR30 defines melancholic and atypical depression according to DSM-IV criteria. Assessments were carried out after 6–8 weeks of antidepressant treatment and after 14–20 weeks of continuation treatment. Results Melancholic patients (16.2%) were more severely depressed, had more depressive episodes and shorter episode duration than atypical (24.7%) and non-melancholic patients. Atypical depressive patients showed higher rates of co-morbid anxiety disorders and substance abuse. Melancholic patients showed lower rates of remission. Conclusion Our study supports a different clinical pattern and treatment outcome for melancholic and atypical depression subtypes.
Using graphics processing unit to accelerate simulation of membrane computing

This study presents models which can be used to describe active membrane systems using a matrix approach. Indisputably, matrix operations are very efficient over a graphic processing unit (GPU). With matrix operations, it is not necessary to assign one membrane to one thread block. Rather, in sharp contrast to earlier approaches, objects from different membranes can now be assigned to threads in one thread block, or objects from one membrane to threads in different thread blocks. With this approach, the number of active threads in each thread block can be balanced and processing speed enhanced. For previous approaches, when the number of objects in each membrane is equal to two the multiprocessor occupancy is low and the speedup is 0.6 times, whereas for the proposed approach the multiprocessor occupancy is high and achieves a 33.7-times speedup with respect to sequential implementation.