Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 ICT , work organisation and social interactions

Villeval, as well as participants in the LI e AFSE congress, in the 2004 summer school of the GDR TICS, in the 4 th IZA/SOLE transatlantic meeting of labor economists and members of the C.O. I work group for the remarks and enlightenment they have contributed on earlier versions of this paper. We of course assume complete responsibility for any errors and omissions that may remain. 2 Abstract We propose a unified analytical framework to understand both the complementarity between computer use and innovative organisational practices and the selection principles that guide their diffusion at the work post level. We show that the common selection principles governing the allocation of ICT and the organisational design of the work posts are connected with the choice of the network configuration of social interactions within the firm. This interactive social structure is analysed with reference to the concept of " social capital ". As a result, the complementarity between technology and organisation may derive from a pure coordination of choices in these two dimensionsas well as from the selection process of workers. We conduct econometric tests, based on the labour force section of the survey on " Organisational Change and Computerisation " conducted in 1997. They allow us to verify four propositions. First of all, we show that the social capital of workers favours their access to computers and more generally to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). This selective allocation of equipment seems specific to ICT since ICT does not drive the allocation of automated machines. Second, the same selection mechanism drives the access of employees to work posts with innovative productive and informational characteristics. Third, ICTs are correlated with innovative characteristics of work posts resulting from the diffusion of new types of organisation. However, this relationship is not uniform within the different occupational groups. Finally, innovative organisational characteristics involving a relational dimension generate a complementarity with ICT which main source is in the way workers have been selected to occupy a modernised work post.
Re-ranking with context for high-performance biomedical information retrieval

In this paper, we present a context-sensitive approach to re-ranking retrieved documents for further improving the effectiveness of high-performance biomedical literature retrieval systems. For each topic, a two-dimensional positive context is learnt from the top N retrieved documents and a group of negative contexts are learnt from the last N' documents in initial retrieval ranked list. The contextual space contains lexical context and conceptual context. The probabilities that retrieved documents are generated within the contextual space are then computed for document re-ranking. Empirical evaluation on the TREC Genomics full-text collection and three high-performance biomedical literature retrieval runs demonstrates that the context-sensitive re-ranking approach yields better retrieval performance.
Microstructures and properties of CoCrCuFeNiMox high-entropy alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

CoCrCuFeNiMox (x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8) high-entropy alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering method. The effects of Mo addition on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result showed that the addition of Mo into CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) changed the original phase constitution from FCC to FCC + σ + μ and the peak intensity of (1 1 1) shifted to the left and decreased steadily. The field emission scanning electron microscope confirmed that the Cu-rich second FCC phase disappeared and the σ phase with a tetragonal structure expanded as the Mo content was increased. Additionally, a high density of dimple-like features were seen in CoCrCuFeNi HEA while typical quasi-cleavage facets could be observed from the fracture surfaces of the HEAs with the addition of Mo. The Mo0.8 alloy showed a good wear resistant and appropriate strength with fracture strain 22.70%, fraction coefficient 0.65, hardness 530 HV and compressive strength 1448 MPa. Special theme block on high entropy alloys, guest edited by Paula Alvaredo Olmos, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain, and Sheng Guo, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
A Thermoelectric Generator Using Porous Si Thermal Isolation

In this paper we report on a thermoelectric generator (TEG) using thermal isolation provided by a thick porous Si layer locally formed on the Si wafer and thermocouples composed of p-doped polycrystalline Si/Al. The “hot” contacts of the thermocouples lie on the porous Si layer, while the “cold” contacts lie on bulk crystalline Si. A housing was also designed and fabricated in order to transfer any external temperature change on the “hot” contacts of the thermocouples, the “cold” contacts being isolated from the “hot” contacts by a thick resist layer. The fabrication of the sensing element (Si die) is fully compatible with batch Si processing. The output power of the thermoelectric generator depends on the porous Si isolation layer thickness, porosity, structure and morphology. For a mesoporous Si layer of 60% porosity and a macroscopic temperature differential of 10 K, an output power of 0.39 μW/cm2 was measured for a 50 μm thick porous Si layer.
Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding Using Bayesian Theorem Detection and Markov Process

The newest video coding standard called scalable video coding (SVC) provides broad applications in multimedia communications. SVC encoder consumes great computational complexity when compared to previous video coding standards. This paper presents a fast mode decision algorithm that speeds up the SVC encoding process through probabilistic analysis. The mode of the enhancement layer is first predicted by statistical analysis. Afterward, Bayesian theorem is utilized to detect whether the prediction mode of the current macroblock is the best or not. The mode is further predicted and refined by the Markov process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity with negligible peak signal-to-noise ratio degradation and bitrate increase in the enhancement layers.
Daily and seasonal spore dispersal by Mycosphaerella pinodes and development of mycosphaerella blight of field pea

Daily and seasonal spore dispersal of Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk & Bloxam) Vestergren and the relation- ship of spore dispersal to distance and disease severity were investigated in a pea field in western Canada during two consecutive years. Most ascospores were released in response to rain events, during the first 23-27 d after the inoculum source area was infested with naturally diseased pea residue, whereas most pycnidiospores were trapped dur- ing the first 20 d. For both ascospores and pycnidiospores, the highest peaks of spore release occurred during the first 14-20 d after infestation. Few spores were trapped after day 27 after infestation. Daily peaks of ascospore and pycnidiospore release occurred between 1700 and 0400 hours. Most ascospores were released 1-2 d after a rain event and the largest peak appeared the first day after rain. In contrast, most pycnidiospores were released on the same day as rain occurred or the following day. The release of both spore types was associated with rainfall events ≥ 2m m dur- ing the first 27 d after infestation but not with rainfall events after 27 d. Ascospore density was negatively correlated with distance from the inoculum source (r ≤ -0.92) and positively related to the disease severity (r ≥ 0.92). Disease se- verity decreased with increasing distance from the inoculum source. The patterns of spore dispersal associated with rain events have practical applications in the disease forecasting and spraying of chemicals to control the disease.
Performance and TCP-friendliness of the SQRT congestion control protocol in lossy environments

In this letter, an accurate analytic model to predict the send rate of the SQRT binomial congestion control protocol is derived, under the assumption that the protocol operates in an environment where the packet loss rate is relatively high. Based on this model, a study of its TCP-friendliness is performed, remarking the nonnegligible effects on fairness that different queue managements have.
Health Risk Behavior Among Justice Involved Male and Female Youth: Exploratory, Multi-Group Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Youth involved in the juvenile justice system experience a disproportionate prevalence of serious mental health issues, substance abuse, and are at an increased risk of engaging in risky sexual practices. Gender differences exist, with girls at a markedly greater risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease. Objectives: The present study seeks to determine if there are subgroups of male and female youth who differ in their health risk behavior. If so, do any male or female subgroups at different levels of health risk differ in regard to their sociodemographic and psychological factors, and finally, what are intervention/service delivery implications of these differences. Methods: Youth were participants in an innovative health service at a centralized intake facility located in a large southeastern U.S. city. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression is utilized to examine the heterogeneity of health risk behaviors across gender groups in a sample of 777 newly arrested youth. Results: Results indicate a three class solution provided the optimal fit with the data for each gender group: a Lower Health Risk group, a Higher Health Risk group, and a Highest Health Risk group. Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified significant sociodemographic and depression effects among both male and female youth. Conclusions/Importance: Youth characterized by risky sexually behavior, elevated depression, and drug involvement should be the focus of integrated intervention services. This study documents the critical need for front end, juvenile justice intake facilities to provide behavioral and public health screening, with treatment follow-up, on newly arrested youth.
An Experimental Study on the Impact of Deoxidation Methods on the Fatigue Properties of Bearing Steels

Strong deoxidation and weak deoxidation are two kinds of deoxidation methods frequently applied in steelmaking. In the present study, high‐carbon chromium bearing steels are smelted with a strong deoxidizer and a weak deoxidizer, respectively in industrial trials. The generation mechanism of inclusions is analyzed, and the inclusion stability diagrams of the Fe–Si–Al–Mg–Mn–O system at 1873 and 1843 K are calculated. The very high cycle fatigue life of bearing steels deoxidized with different deoxidizers is also experimentally compared. The results showed that the evolution routes of inclusion in high‐carbon chromium bearing steels deoxidized by Si and Al are CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 → CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO and Al2O3 → CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO, respectively. The Al content in steel is controlled by different methods when different deoxidizers are applied. The effect of the oxide inclusions generated during Si deoxidization on the fatigue life is lower than that during Al deoxidization, even if the total oxygen content is slightly higher. This effect suggests that it is not accurate to evaluate the fatigue life of steels with the total oxygen content, and it is also desirable to produce bearing steels with the Si deoxidation method.
CASE STUDY: Understanding and Refining the Resilience of Elite Athletes: An Intervention Strategy

Over the past decade, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a resilience training protocol designed to improve the output of both professional executives and under-graduate students in adverse circumstances. A parallel program was also designed to enhance the self-esteem of children. Longitudinal studies using these programs suggest that not only can human resilience be taught, but their benefit is a fostering of achievement. Recently, Schinke and Peterson designed, in collaboration with their colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania, parallel resilience training modules for national team athletes and coaching staff members. Initial results from the training of these groups indicate that performance can be improved in challenging settings through the development of targeted cognitive skills. This paper will provide an overview of three general optimism skills that can be honed for national teams and explain how each one can be taught as part of a broader comprehensive resilience program. Recommendations are provided for sport psychology researchers and consultants, coach staff, and team management interested in assisting elite athletes improve performance in adverse competitive situations.
Design, formulation, and evaluation of ginger medicated chewing gum

Background: Various ginger compounds improve gastrointestinal problems and motion sickness. The main effects of ginger allocate to some phenolics such as gingerols and shogaols that act as their active agents. Chewing gums are among convenient dosage forms which patients prefer due to their advantages. Hence, this study tried to design, formulate, and evaluate ginger chewing gum of favorable taste and texture to avoid motion sickness and have gastro-protective and anti-oxidant effect. Materials and Methods: Dried ginger rhizomes were percolated to extract ginger compounds. Total phenolics were measured in 70% hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger by gallic and tannic acid standards using Folin–Ciocalteu's reagent. Chewing gums containing 50 mg of concentrated extract were prepared. Content uniformity, weight variation, release pattern, organoleptic, and mechanical properties were evaluated. Results: Phenolic content was measured 61.50 ± 5.27 mg/g and 76.75 ± 5.45 mg/g of concentrated extract as gallic acid and tannic acid equivalents, respectively. Release pattern of formulations with different gum bases and sweeteners demonstrated almost 100% release of drug. Evaluation of organoleptic properties was on 10 healthy volunteers and later prepared formulations exhibited better characteristics. Formulations without any flavorants have higher acceptability. Evaluation of mechanical properties showed higher stiffness of F15. Conclusion: Ginger chewing gum comprises admissible properties to be used as a modern drug delivery system due to its advantageous results in motion sickness. It passed all the specified tests for an acceptable chewing gum. Thus, it may be successfully produced to help GI problems.
3D Printing of Ultrahigh Strength Continuous Carbon Fiber Composites

3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites is increasingly under development owing to its unparalleled flexibility of manufacturing 3D structures over traditional manufacturing processes. However, key issues, such as weak interlayer bonding, voids between beads and layers, and low volume ratio of carbon fiber, in the mainstream fuse deposition modeling (FDM) and extrusion suppress the applications of these techniques in mission‐critical applications, such as aerospace and defense. This communication reports a novel approach, inspired by laminated object manufacturing (LOM), for 3D printing of continuous CFRTPs using prepreg composite sheets. The prepreg sheets are successively cut based on the sliced CAD geometry, and then bonded layer upon layer using a CO2 laser beam and a consolidation roller system. The void content is low by computed tomography scans and interlaminar bonding strength is as high as conventional autoclave method by lap shear strength tests. The excellent interfacial bonding strength and high volume ratio of continuous carbon fiber contribute to the highest reported tensile strength (668.3 MPa) and flexural strength (591.16 MPa) to date, for all 3D printed CFRTPs. Moreover, the proposed technique also enables controlling the alignment of carbon fiber in printed layers. CFRTPs with unidirectional [0°]s, cross‐ply [0/90°]s, and [0/‐45/0/45°]s fiber reinforcement are produced and evaluated for mechanical properties. The proposed 3D printing method is broadly beneficial for industries requiring high performance and lightweight structural materials with complex geometries.
Flexible GOP transcoding between DVC and H.264

Mobile to mobile video telephony is being one of the most attractive services that the newest generations of mobile communications system (such as 4G) are offering at the present time. This kind of service needs special requirements in terms of low complexity in both sides of the communication. By using traditional video encoders, such as H.264, those requirements are not satisfied due to the complexity of the encoder. Distributed Video Coding (DVC) deals with the problem of higher complexity constraints encoding algorithms at the expense of increasing the decoder complexity. In order to efficiently support video communications, this paper proposes an improved DVC to H.264 transcoder that maps different kind of GOPs, as well as different GOP lengths, between both paradigms. Moreover, the H.264 motion estimation is adjusted by using information gathered in the first step of the transcoders, offering a considerable reduction of the transcoding total time with a negligible rate-distortion penalty.
Deformation and fracture of alumina ceramics with hierarchical porosity

the compression behavior of Al2o3 ceramics with a hierarchical pore structure was studied. the hierarchical pore structure included the pores of three types: coarse porosity with a size of 80 to 100 μm, fine porosity with a size of 14 to 15 μm, and intermediate interblock porosity comprised of elongated (110–120 μm) porous microchannels formed as a result of zonal isolation during sintering. it is shown that the obtained hierarchical porous structure causes the formation of a hierarchical deformation structure in the volume of ceramics and leads to a decrease in the extent of destruction processes from the macroscopic scale in the case of unimodal ceramics to the microscale destruction comparable with the sizes of the blocks formed during sintering. At fixed values of the pore space, the studied ceramics with hierarchical pore structure shows a noticeably higher compressive strength as compared to the ceramics with a unimodal porosity. keywords: deformation, fracture, pore ceramic, alumina. mihail v. GriGoriEv, has PhD since 2007. At present time he is a postdoctoral fellow in institute of strength Physics and materials science of siberian Branch of the russian Academy of science under guidance Prof. kulkov. Nikolai l. sAvchENKo, PhD education: 1987: tomsk Polytechnic universityengineer.1991-1994: institute of strength Physics and materials science of the russian Academy of sciences in tomsk PhD student. 1995: PhD.degree from the institute of strength Physics and materials science of the russian Academy of sciences in tomsk. Tatiana yu. sABliNA, has PhD education since 1989 at present she is working at the tomsk state university and institute of strength Physics and materials science of the russian Academy of sciences in tomsk.
A Comparative Analysis of Crime Guns

Information is limited on how firearms move from legal possession to illegal possession and use in criminal activities, largely because of data collection capacity and a lack of recent, exhaustive recovery data across jurisdictions. This article includes both an analysis of firearms trace data and prisoner interviews across multiple jurisdictions: New Orleans, Louisiana, Prince George’s County, Maryland, and Chicago, Illinois. Findings indicate that recoveries and trace successes vary across jurisdictions and by type of crime. Jurisdiction regulations were associated with the proportion of guns purchased in state and time to recovery but not with purchaser characteristics. Interviews from imprisoned offenders in two jurisdictions revealed the most common method of obtaining a crime gun was to steal it or buy it off the street.
Beijing Genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Significantly Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Multidrug Resistance in Cases of Tuberculous Meningitis

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis is fatal without rapid diagnosis and use of second-line therapy. It is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Beijing genotype strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with drug resistance, particularly multidrug resistance, and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of Beijing genotype strains among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive (n = 35) and HIV-negative (n = 187) patients in Ho Chi Minh City was determined. The Beijing genotype was significantly associated with HIV status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.38 to 6.44]; P = 0.016), resistance to any drug (OR = 3.34 [95% CI, 1.87 to 5.95]; P < 0.001) and multidrug resistance (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.001). The association of the Beijing genotype with drug resistance was independent of HIV status. This is the first report of Beijing genotype association with HIV status, which may be an association unique to tuberculous meningitis.
The strength of vicinity annexation in opportunistic networking

Most disruption-tolerant networking protocols focus on mere contact and intercontact characteristics to make forwarding decisions. We propose to relax such a simplistic approach and include multi-hop opportunities by annexing a node's vicinity to its network vision. We investigate how the vicinity of a node evolves through time and whether such knowledge is useful when routing data. By analyzing a modified version of the pure WAIT forwarding strategy, we observe a clear tradeoff between routing performance and cost for monitoring the neighborhood. By observing a vicinity-aware WAIT strategy, we emphasize how the pure WAIT misses interesting end-to-end transmission opportunities through nearby nodes. For the datasets we consider, our analyses also suggest that limiting a node's neighborhood view to four hops is enough to improve forwarding efficiency while keeping control overhead low.
Heuristics in Monte Carlo Go

Writing programs to play the classical Asian game of Go is considered one of the grand challenges of artificial intelligence. Traditional game tree search methods have failed to conquer Go because the search space is so vast and because static evaluation of board positions is extremely difficult. There has been considerable progress recently in using Monte Carlo sampling to select moves. This paper presents four heuristics used to bias the selection of moves during Monte Carlo sampling: the proximity heuristic (play near the last move), the avoid-the-first-two-lines heuristic (don't play at the edge of the board), the first-order history heuristic (play the move that has fared best elsewhere in the tree), and the second-order history heuristic (play the move that has fared best elsewhere in the tree in response to a particular move from the opponent). Experimental results show that the use of these heuristics significantly improves the ability of our program to defeat GNU Go, a widely-used Go program based on traditional, knowledge-intensive techniques.