Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cued distractor rejection disrupts learned distractor rejection

ABSTRACT Effective visual search relies on the ability to ignore distracting information. Explicitly cuing individuals to ignore a stimulus consistently leads to a pattern of visual attention first attending the to-be-ignored stimulus before the system learns to reject it. Individuals can learn to overcome this cued distraction with experience, but the visual attentional system is more adept at learning to reject distractors without explicit cuing (Stilwell, B. T., & Vecera, S. P. (2018). Learned and cued distractor rejection for multiple features in visual search. Attention Perception and Psychophysics. doi:10.3758/s13414-018-1622-8). We asked if learning to reject distracting information prior to explicit cuing would help to counteract the deleterious effects of cuing. In two experiments examining learned and cued distractor rejection, individuals searched through heterogeneously coloured arrays containing reliable, non-target colour information. In Experiment 1, half-way through the experiment, we began explicitly cuing a previously learned-to-ignore distractor feature. Prior to the cue, individuals demonstrated learned distractor rejection, but critically, following the cue, individuals demonstrated cued distraction effects. Critically, the cued distraction effects were eliminated by the end of the experiment. In Experiment 2, we again began cuing participants which colour to ignore half-way through the experiment, but instead, to a colour that had no previous rejection learning. Following the cue, individuals again experienced cued distraction, and critically, these cued distraction effects persisted throughout the remainder of the experiment. These results suggest that learned distractor rejection is better suited to experience-driven learning than explicitly cued distractor learning. Additionally, previous distractor rejection learning does not prevent cued distraction, but does appear to help attention to recover from cued distraction.
Latent Trajectory Modeling: A Light and Efficient Way to Introduce Time in Recommender Systems

For recommender systems, time is often an important source of information but it is also a complex dimension to apprehend. We propose here to learn item and user representations such that any timely ordered sequence of items selected by a user will be represented as a trajectory of the user in a representation space. This allows us to rank new items for this user. We then enrich the item and user representations in order to perform rating prediction using a classical matrix factorization scheme. We demonstrate the interest of our approach regarding both item ranking and rating prediction on a series of classical benchmarks.
Analysis of Staphylococcus using comparative genomics.

— These Comparative genomics and genomic tools have been used to identify virulence factors and genes involved in environmental persistence of pathogens. However, a major stumbling block in the genomics revolution has been the large number of genes with unknown function that have been identified in every organism sequenced to date. Over 1740 bacterial genome sequences are currently available in public databases and over 5230 are in progress, representing hundreds of species as well as multiple strains of the same species. The study of these genomes by both computational and experimental approaches has significantly advanced our understanding of the physiology and pathogenicity of many microbes and provided insights into the mechanisms and history of genome evolution. Several ‘‘postgenomic’’ methods have been utilized to identify genes that are essential for bacterial growth or pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate the utility of several DNA and protein sequence comparison tools to interpret the information obtained from several genome projects. Comparisons are presented between closely related strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis spp. The comparative genome analysis will generate a wealth of data to compare pathogenic strains with varying levels of pathogenicity, which in turn may reveal mechanisms by which the pathogen may adapt to a particular host.
Creating a Competitive Strategy to Improve the Performance of an Agricultural Chain – A Case Study of Potatoes in Egypt

Egypt like many developing countries is shifting towards a free market oriented economy. Egypt’s economic strategy strives to expand and develop exports, especially agricultural exports, and at the same time provide food to Egyptian consumers However, the improvement, on the macro-economic level, was not reflected, as expected, on the agricultural sector. The potato sector has variability in production quantities and qualities, high costs of inputs and high cost of marketing services that are hindering its development. The key issue is how to improve the performance and efficiency of the potato sector through a competitive strategy oriented towards inter-organizational relationships and networks. A case study approach is developed using a quantitative empirical measure for the assessment of agents in the potato sector position in a chain and distinguishes between the different types of interdependencies involved in the system. The research argues that the performance of the potato sector can greatly be improved by a strategic alliance between agents.
Dynamic spectrum management in Legacy Military Communication Systems

Increasing demands are being placed on dynamic spectrum access as a result of overload of the frequency spectrum. In this paper we present a concept of frequency broker as a crucial element of coordinated spectrum management system for battlefield communication network. Critical problem in such system is automation of the collision-free frequency planning and management. In this paper, the solution of this problem basing on the graph theory is described. The new model of electromagnetic waves attenuation prediction is also presented.
Papers' similarity based on the summarization merits

This paper proposes a Research paper Similarity system that measures the similarity of an input paper with other papers based on the summarized version of each paper. Currently, This system will take into account 2 different types of summarization for papers based on the different types of keywords,i.e, Normal keywords and Stemmed keywords. On the contrast to the current and existing recommendation systems for research papers that are using citation and/or Page Rank data, our system works dependent from them but dependent to the textual content of the paper. Our experiment, which was conducting regarding to one of the citation-based papers' recommendation systems, Google Scholar, as a baseline, shows that citation-based systems like Google scholar are very vulnerable to ignore more related but less cited papers while systems based on the textual value of papers can be more successful to recommend papers that are more similar to the input paper. However, comparing full-textual content of papers is a time consuming and aggressive process, while achieving a summarized version of papers and comparing them, can be both faster and reusable. In addition, we show that the ranked listing that Google scholar returns, can be formulated and predicted based on the citation scores. Furthermore, we show that how statistically, Normal keyword summarization can be a better choice between the two types of summarization of papers. As a future work, we will build a synonym-acronym dictionary for scholarly papers in computer science and engineering field, to add the synonym-acronym comparison to the system.
Closely coupled object detection and segmentation

We propose a closely coupled object detection and segmentation algorithm for enhancing both processes in a cooperative and iterative manner. Figure-ground segmentation reduces the effect of background clutter on template matching; the matched template provides shape constraints on segmentation. More precisely, we estimate the probability of each pixel belonging to the foreground by a weighted sum of the estimates based on shape and color alone. The weight on the shape-based estimate is related to the probability that a familiar object is present and is updated dynamically so that we enforce shape constraints only where the object is present. Experiments on detecting people in images of cluttered scenes demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves both segmentation and detection. More accurate object boundaries are extracted; higher object detection rates and lower false alarm rates are achieved than performing the two processes separately or sequentially.
Towards the development of an interface model for information visualization in multiple electronic health records

Electronic Health Records (EHR) presented through visual analytic systems could be easily interpreted by physicians for better understanding of a patient's medical details. However, there are still a lot of issues with the existing visual analytical applications in terms of the physicians to correctly infer those medical data. The existing applications were found to be more focusing on the colour schemes and differential data representation in the same space but lesser emphasis was given on defragmentation of information to discrete level and, no provision of detailed overview of patient history in the past time frames. These limitations motivate us to formulate a conceptual interface model that could assist designers in better understanding the physicians' needs. As multiple EHR data is usually obtained from various resources, the best approach for such a formulation would be a combination of events based patient history to a sequence based time line in a similar group. This will help in generating the visual information on different data sets in a time frame of particular length from various data resources onto multiple interfaces. The proposed model, having multiple interfaces features within the same interface, is envisaged to be detailed enough in terms of the data presented yet easy to be understood by the physicians.
Generalized Delay-Capacity Tradeoffs in Mobile Networks with Lévy Flight Mobility

In the literature, scaling laws for wireless mobile networks have been characterized under various models of node mobility and several assumptions on how communication occurs between nodes. To improve the realism in the analysis of scaling laws, we propose a new analytical framework. The framework is the first to consider a Lévy flight mobility pattern, which is known to closely mimic human mobility patterns. Also, this is the first work that allows nodes to communicate while being mobile. Under this framework, delays (D̄) to obtain various levels of per-node throughput (λ) for Lévy flight are suggested as D̄(λ) = O( √ min(n1+αλ, n2)), where Lévy flight is a random walk of a power-law flight distribution with an exponent α ∈ (0, 2). The same framework presents a new tighter tradeoff D̄(λ) = O( √ max(1, nλ3)) for i.i. d. mobility, whose delays are lower than existing results for the same levels of pernode throughput.
Risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prevention: a systematic review.

AIM This paper reports a systematic review conducted to determine the effectiveness of the use of risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prevention in clinical practice, degree of validation of risk assessment scales, and effectiveness of risk assessment scales as indicators of risk of developing a pressure ulcer. BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers are an important health problem. The best strategy to avoid them is prevention. There are several risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prevention which complement nurses' clinical judgement. However, some of these have not undergone proper validation. METHOD A systematic bibliographical review was conducted, based on a search of 14 databases in four languages using the keywords pressure ulcer or pressure sore or decubitus ulcer and risk assessment. Reports of clinical trials or prospective studies of validation were included in the review. FINDINGS Thirty-three studies were included in the review, three on clinical effectiveness and the rest on scale validation. There is no decrease in pressure ulcer incidence was found which might be attributed to use of an assessment scale. However, the use of scales increases the intensity and effectiveness of prevention interventions. The Braden Scale shows optimal validation and the best sensitivity/specificity balance (57.1%/67.5%, respectively); its score is a good pressure ulcer risk predictor (odds ratio = 4.08, CI 95% = 2.56-6.48). The Norton Scale has reasonable scores for sensitivity (46.8%), specificity (61.8%) and risk prediction (OR = 2.16, CI 95% = 1.03-4.54). The Waterlow Scale offers a high sensitivity score (82.4%), but low specificity (27.4%); with a good risk prediction score (OR = 2.05, CI 95% = 1.11-3.76). Nurses' clinical judgement (only considered in three studies) gives moderate scores for sensitivity (50.6%) and specificity (60.1%), but is not a good pressure ulcer risk predictor (OR = 1.69, CI 95% = 0.76-3.75). CONCLUSION There is no evidence that the use of risk assessment scales decreases pressure ulcer incidence. The Braden Scale offers the best balance between sensitivity and specificity and the best risk estimate. Both the Braden and Norton Scales are more accurate than nurses' clinical judgement in predicting pressure ulcer risk.
Chinese Chunking Based on Coarse-Grained Part-of-Speech Features

Although part-of-speech (POS) is an effective feature for Chinese Chunking, the POS-tagging errors generated by automatic POS tagger leads to almost 10% performance drop in F-score. To solve this problem, this paper presents new features to replace the POS features, namely the coarse-grained part-of-speech features. Combining with the methods of processing out-of-vocabulary words, the new features are utilized in the Chinese chunking model. Experimental results show that the new features can contribute 2.71% performance improvement over the baseline method.
Health Education Video Games for Children and Adolescents: Theory, Design, and Research Findings.

AUTHOR Lieberman, Debra A. TITLE Health Education Video Games for Children and Adolescents: Theory, Design, and Research Findings. INSTITUTION KIDZ Health Software, Inc., Mountain View, CA. PUB DATE 1998-07-00 NOTE 17p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (48th, Jerusalem, Israel, July 20-24, 1998). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) -Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adolescents; Children; *Diabetes; *Educational Games; Elementary Secondary Education; Health Promotion; Instructional Materials; Knowledge Level; Self Efficacy; *Self Management; Students; *Video Games IDENTIFIERS Health Behavior
Algebraic q‐integration and Fourier theory on quantum and braided spaces

An algebraic theory of integration on quantum planes and other braided spaces is introduced. In the one‐dimensional case a novel picture of the Jackson q‐ integral as indefinite integration on the braided group of functions in one variable x is obtained. Here x is treated with braid statistics q rather than the usual bosonic or Grassmann ones. It is shown that the definite integral ∫x∞−x∞ can also be evaluated algebraically as multiples of the integral of a q‐Gaussian, with x remaining as a bosonic scaling variable associated with the q‐deformation. Further composing the algebraic integration with a representation then leads to ordinary numbers for the integral. Integration is also used to develop a full theory of q‐Fourier transformation F The braided addition Δx=x⊗1+1⊗x and braided‐antipode S is used to define a convolution product, and prove a convolution theorem. It is also proven that F2=S. The analogous results are proven on any braided group, including integration and Fourier transformation on quan.
A three-dimensional histological atlas of the human basal ganglia. II. Atlas deformation strategy and evaluation in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease.

OBJECT The localization of any given target in the brain has become a challenging issue because of the increased use of deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson disease, dystonia, and nonmotor diseases (for example, Tourette syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorders, and depression). The aim of this study was to develop an automated method of adapting an atlas of the human basal ganglia to the brains of individual patients. METHODS Magnetic resonance images of the brain specimen were obtained before extraction from the skull and histological processing. Adaptation of the atlas to individual patient anatomy was performed by reshaping the atlas MR images to the images obtained in the individual patient using a hierarchical registration applied to a region of interest centered on the basal ganglia, and then applying the reshaping matrix to the atlas surfaces. RESULTS Results were evaluated by direct visual inspection of the structures visible on MR images and atlas anatomy, by comparison with electrophysiological intraoperative data, and with previous atlas studies in patients with Parkinson disease. The method was both robust and accurate, never failing to provide an anatomically reliable atlas to patient registration. The registration obtained did not exceed a 1-mm mismatch with the electrophysiological signatures in the region of the subthalamic nucleus. CONCLUSIONS This registration method applied to the basal ganglia atlas forms a powerful and reliable method for determining deep brain stimulation targets within the basal ganglia of individual patients.
A User and NLP-Assisted Strategic Workflow for a Social Semantic OWL 2-Based Knowledge Platform

Originating from a multidisciplinary research project that gathers, around the Semantic Web standards and principles, Social Networking and Natural Language Processing along with some Bioinformatics notions, this paper sheds the light on some of the most critical aspects of the correspondingly adopted framework and real-time knowledge architecture and modeling platform. It recognizes the considerable profits of an appropriate fusion between the aforementioned disciplines, especially via the proper exploitation of OWL 2 (Web Ontology Language) features and novelties, typically OWL 2 language profiles. Accordingly, it proposes a distinctive workflow with well-defined strategies for an ontology-aware user and NLP-assisted flexible and multidimensional approach for the management of the abundantly available Social data. Application scenarios related to awareness and orientation recommender systems based on biomedical domain ontologies for childhood obesity prevention and surveillance are explored as typical proof of concept application areas.
Integration of Acoustic Radiation Force and Optical Imaging for Blood Plasma Clot Stiffness Measurement

Despite the life-preserving function blood clotting serves in the body, inadequate or excessive blood clot stiffness has been associated with life-threatening diseases such as stroke, hemorrhage, and heart attack. The relationship between blood clot stiffness and vascular diseases underscores the importance of quantifying the magnitude and kinetics of blood’s transformation from a fluid to a viscoelastic solid. To measure blood plasma clot stiffness, we have developed a method that uses ultrasound acoustic radiation force (ARF) to induce micron-scaled displacements (1-500 μm) on microbeads suspended in blood plasma. The displacements were detected by optical microscopy and took place within a micro-liter sized clot region formed within a larger volume (2 mL sample) to minimize container surface effects. Modulation of the ultrasound generated acoustic radiation force allowed stiffness measurements to be made in blood plasma from before its gel point to the stage where it was a fully developed viscoelastic solid. A 0.5 wt % agarose hydrogel was 9.8-fold stiffer than the plasma (platelet-rich) clot at 1 h post-kaolin stimulus. The acoustic radiation force microbead method was sensitive to the presence of platelets and strength of coagulation stimulus. Platelet depletion reduced clot stiffness 6.9 fold relative to platelet rich plasma. The sensitivity of acoustic radiation force based stiffness assessment may allow for studying platelet regulation of both incipient and mature clot mechanical properties.
Experience-dependent modulation of category-related cortical activity.

Naming pictures of objects from different categories (e.g. animals or tools) evokes maximal responses in different brain regions. However, these 'category-specific' regions typically respond to other object categories as well. Here we used stimulus familiarity to further investigate category representation. Naming pictures of animals and tools elicited category-related activity in a number of previously identified regions. This activity was reduced for familiar relative to novel stimuli. Reduced activation occurred in all object responsive areas in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, regardless of which category initially produced the maximal response. This suggests that object representations in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex are not limited to a discrete area, but rather are widespread and overlapping. In other regions (e.g. the lateral temporal and left premotor cortices), experience-dependent reductions were category specific. Together, these findings suggest that category-related activations reflect the retrieval of information about category-specific features and attributes.
Acetylcorynoline Impairs the Maturation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells via Suppression of IκB Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activities

Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are major modulators in the immune system. One active field of research is the manipulation of DCs as pharmacological targets to screen novel biological modifiers for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Acetylcorynoline is the major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana herbs. We assessed the capability of acetylcorynoline to regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Methodology/Principal Findings Our experimental data showed that treatment with up to 20 µM acetylcorynoline does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Acetylcorynoline significantly inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12p70 by LPS-stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, and CD86 on DCs was also decreased by acetylcorynoline, and the endocytic capacity of LPS-stimulated DCs was restored by acetylcorynoline. In addition, LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation was blocked by acetylcorynoline, and the migratory ability of LPS-stimulated DCs was reduced by acetylcorynoline. Moreover, acetylcorynoline significantly inhibits LPS-induced activation of IκB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Importantly, administration of acetylcorynoline significantly attenuates 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Conclusions/Significance Acetylcorynoline may be one of the potent immunosuppressive agents through the blockage of DC maturation and function.