Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking Morning Fatigue Status Across In-Season Training Weeks in Elite Soccer Players.

PURPOSE To quantify the mean daily changes in training and match load and any parallel changes in indicators of morningmeasured fatigue across in-season training weeks in elite soccer players. METHODS After each training session and match (TL), session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were recorded to calculate overall session load (RPE-TL) in 29 English Premier League players from the same team. Morning ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), as well as submaximal exercise heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR%), and heart-rate variability (HRV) were recorded before match day and 1, 2, and 4 d postmatch. Data were collected for a median duration of 3 wk (range 1-13) and reduced to a typical weekly cycle including no midweek match and a weekend match day. Data were analyzed using withinsubject linear mixed models. RESULTS RPE-TL was approximately 600 arbitrary units (AU) (95% confidence interval 546-644) higher on match day than following day (P < .001). RPE-TL progressively decreased by »60 AU per day over the 3 days before a match (P < .05). Morning-measured fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS tracked the changes in RPE-TL, being 35-40% worse on postmatch day vs prematch day (P < .001). Perceived fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS improved by 17-26% from postmatch day to 3 d postmatch, with further smaller (7%-14%) improvements occurring between 4 d postmatch and prematch day (P < .01). There were no substantial or statistically significant changes in HRex, HRR%, or HRV over the weekly cycle (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Morning-measured ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS are clearly more sensitive than HR-derived indices to the daily fluctuations in session load experienced by elite soccer players in a standard in-season week.
Predicting and designing therapeutics against the Nipah virus

Though every outbreak of the Nipah Virus has resulted in high mortality rates (>70% in Southeast Asia), there are no licensed drugs against it. In this study we have considered all 9 Nipah proteins as potential therapeutic targets and computationally identified putative peptides (against G, F, and M proteins) and small molecules inhibitors (against F, G, M, N, and P proteins). The computations include extensive homology/ab initio modelling, peptide design and small molecule docking. An important contribution of this study is the increased structural characterization of Nipah proteins by approximately 90% of what is deposited in the PDB. In addition, we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations on all the designed protein-peptide complexes to check for stability and to estimate binding strengths. Details, including atomic coordinates of all the proteins and their ligand bound complexes, can be accessed at http://cospi.iiserpune. ac.in/Nipah. Our strategy was to tackle the development of therapeutics on a proteome wide scale and the lead compounds identified could be attractive starting points for drug development. To this end, we have designed 4 peptide inhibitors and predicted 70 small molecules (13 with high confidence) against 3 and 5 Nipah proteins respectively. To counter the threat of drug resistance, we have analyzed the sequences of the viral strains from different outbreaks, to check whether they would be sensitive to the binding of the proposed inhibitors. Author Summary Nipah virus infections have killed 72-86% of the infected individuals in Bangladesh and India. The infections are spread via bodily secretions of bats, pigs and other infected individuals. Even though, the disease was first detected in the human population in 1998, there are no approved drugs/vaccines against it. In this study, we have tried to model the 3D structures of the Nipah virus proteins. We have then used these models to design/predict small inhibitory molecules that would bind them and prevent their function. We have also analyzed the different strains of the virus to identify conservation patterns of amino acids in the proteins, which in turn informs us of the efficacy of the drugs. The designed/docked compounds as well as the protein models are freely accessible for experimental validation and hypothesis testing.
Spine Cryoablation: A Multimodality Image-Guided Approach for Tumors Adjacent to Major Neural Elements

SUMMARY: We report percutaneous cryoablation of spine tumors in 7 consecutive patients (5 men, 2 women [mean age, 47 years; range, 17–68 years]) by using intraprocedural image monitoring of ice ball margins to protect adjacent neural elements. Complete tumor ablation was achieved in all patients without neurologic complication. Pain relief was achieved in 4 of 5 (80%) patients; the patient with persistent pain was later found to have enlarging metastases at other sites.
OVERCOMING POVERTY TRAP: THE CASE OF WATER & SANITATION IN INDONESIA

Overcoming Poverty Trap : The Case of Water & Sanitation in Indonesia. Poverty trap is a cycle in which poor individuals exhibit low health quality due to malnutrition and limited access to health related facilities. Poor health causes low productivity which eventually cycles back to low income. Indonesia significantly reduced poverty from 15.6% in 1990 to 3.3% in 2010. However, this achievement is not conveyed equally across regions. Using data form RAND Corporation, estimations showed that access to sanitation and clean water play a crucial role in improving one’s health quality. Keywords: poverty trap, productivity, income, health facility.
‘I never felt like I was alone’: a holistic approach to supporting students in an online, pre-university programme

ABSTRACT Programmes that provide adult learners with an alternative pathway to university typically offer considerable support. Students in such enabling, or access, programmes are increasingly choosing to study online because of the flexibility it affords, yet little is known about how well this mode of learning caters for their needs. The aim of this study, therefore, is to establish how well supported enabling students in an online programme feel, and what particular aspects of support work best for these students. The concept of ‘holistic’ learning, defined in humanistic terms, provides a framework for this discussion. Drawing on data from subject evaluations and an online survey, this qualitative case study compares the experiences of online and on-campus students in an introductory, study skills subject. Significantly, both cohorts reported similar levels of satisfaction with the support received. Regular communications and encouragement from their lecturers were very important to online students, while contact with fellow students was generally not a priority. Online resources, such as lecture recordings and short ‘talking head’ videos, helped students learn but also personalised their experience. Findings suggest that a supportive online environment can be achieved, thus going some way to addressing students’ personal as well as academic needs, and challenging negative stereotypes around the anonymity of online learning.
Construction and Maintenance of Energy Aware Virtual Backbone Tree in Wireless Sensor Networks

Virtual Backbone has been proposed as a promising approach for providing an efficient communication infrastructure in wireless sensor networks. But the critical issue is to construct a Virtual Backbone in a distributed manner while satisfying several important features:-low establishment cost, prolonged node lifetime, scalability and robustness. In this paper, we propose a distributed heuristic algorithm to construct an Energy-Aware Virtual Backbone Tree (EAVBT) for general-purpose communications in wireless sensor networks having some salient features: very low construction overhead; relief from maintaining routing table; minimum energy required to transmit data through the EAVBT. We also propose energy efficient localized maintenance scheme for the EAVBT. Apart from that the proposed algorithm is adaptive in nature: it automatically adapts to the addition and removal of the sensor nodes. Simulation results are shown that demonstrate the competence, reliability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Conservation and diversity in the ultralong third heavy-chain complementarity-determining region of bovine antibodies.

Antibodies provide a broad defense against a vast array of antigens; however, the structural features that contribute to this diverse antigen recognition vary in different vertebrates. In cows, a subset of antibodies have an exceptionally long third heavy-chain complementarity-determining region (CDR H3) that is highly variable in sequence and includes multiple cysteines. These long CDR H3s (up to 69 residues) fold into a long stalk atop which sits a knob domain that is located far from the antibody surface. We have determined crystal structures of three bovine Fabs to decipher the conserved and variable features of ultralong CDR H3s that lead to diversity in antigen recognition. Despite high sequence variability, the stalks adopt a conserved β-ribbon structure, whereas the knob regions share a conserved β sheet that serves as a scaffold for two connecting loops of variable length and conformation, as well as one conserved disulfide. Variation in patterns and connectivity of the remaining disulfides contribute to the structural diversity of the knob. The unusual architecture of these ultralong bovine CDR H3s for generating diversity is unique in adaptive immune systems and may inform efforts in antibody engineering.
Effect of arabinofuranosylthymine on the replication of Epstein-Barr virus and relationship with a new induced thymidine kinase activity

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine (araT) is a selective inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus replication induced in both thymidine kinase (TK)-negative (TK-) and TK+ variants of the lymphoid cell line P3HR-I. This analog has no effect on the growth of noninduced cells (T. Ooka and A. Calender, Virology 104:219-223, 1980). The synthesis of early antigens is not affected by the analog, whereas that of late viral capsid antigens is completely inhibited, as demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique; kinetic reassociation experiments have also shown that araT strongly inhibits replication of viral DNA. Phosphorylation of the tritiated form of the analog ([3H]araT) was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography in cultures of control and induced cells, and the results demonstrated that only induced cells can convert the analog to the triphosphate form. These results indicate that the selective effect of araT in induced cells is probably related to a new virally induced TK activity. Preliminary characterization of this new activity has shown that it is able to phosphorylate the analog specifically, whereas cellular TKs cannot. araTTP, a final phosphorylation product of araT, is a potent inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus-specific DNA polymerase, suggesting a possible inhibitory action of this product on Epstein-Barr virus replication.
An Analysis of the Assumptions Inherent to Near-Field Beamforming for Biomedical Applications

Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is a growing field that shows promise in early patient studies. Interpretation of preclinical imaging results is difficult, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the imaging operator. In this paper, near-field beamforming is demonstrated to be analogous to synthetic aperture radar, and both imaging methods are shown to depend on several simplifying assumptions. The influence of these assumptions is analyzed using analytical and simulated models, and the results are confirmed in an experimental setup. These observations are further explored in application to simulations of realistic breast models as well as patient data.
Experimental strategies to promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries

Abstract The capacity of Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system to support axonal regeneration, in contrast to the oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, has led to the misconception that peripheral nerve regeneration always restores function. Here, we consider how prolonged periods of time that injured neurons remain without targets during axonal regeneration (chronic axotomy) and that SCs in the distal nerve stumps remain chronically denervated (chronic denervation) progressively reduce the number of motoneurons that regenerate their axons. We demonstrate the effectiveness of low‐dose, brain‐derived neurotrophic and glial‐derived neurotrophic factors to counteract the effects of chronic axotomy in promoting axonal regeneration. High‐dose brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the other hand, acting through the p75 receptor, inhibits axonal regeneration and may be a factor in stopping regenerating axons from forming neuromuscular connections in skeletal muscle. The immunophilin, FK506, is also effective in promoting axonal regeneration after chronic axotomy. Chronic denervation of SCs (>1 month) severely deters axonal regeneration, although the few motor axons that do regenerate to reinnervate muscles become myelinated and form enlarged motor units in the reinnervated muscles. We found that in vitro incubation of chronically denervated SCs with transforming growth factor‐β re‐established their growth‐supportive phenotype in vivo, consistent with the idea that the interaction between invading macrophages and denervated SCs during Wallerian degeneration is essential to sustain axonal regeneration by promoting the growth‐supportive SC phenotype. Finally, we consider the effectiveness of a brief period of 20 Hz electrical stimulation in promoting the regeneration of axons across the surgical gap after nerve repair.
Digital signature in the application of e-commerce security

How we can ensure the security of data transmitted over the Internet and the identity of each trading party is the key to the development of e-commerce. The key problem of e-commerce is security problems. This paper focuses on digital signature technology in the application of e-commerce security issues, based on the core of a digital signature algorithm, which is a DSA algorithm idea. Combining specific business e-commerce applications, the paper simulates the actual situation, analyzes and solves problems, and put particular emphasis on the research of the algorithm and the improvement of DSA.
Systematic construction of algorithm portfolios for a Maintenance Scheduling Problem

We investigate how combinations of evolutionary algorithms (portfolios) can be constructed efficiently for solving optimization problem instances drawn from a distribution. We consider selection methods ranging in intricacy and based on different principles including a technique for efficient tuning of metaheuristics, a racing algorithm. The selectors are used here to optimize instances of the Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Problem (PMSP) in power generation. Experiments show different behaviors of selectors in term of computational time needed to choose constituent algorithms and the performance of the generated portfolios at optimizing previously unseen PMSP instances. The racing selector offers a good trade-off between the computational time and the performance.
Visualizing impacts of database schema changes - A controlled experiment

Research in schema evolution has been driven by the need for more effective software development and maintenance. Finding impacts of schema changes on the applications and presenting them in an appropriate way are particularly challenging. We have developed a tool that finds impacts of schema changes on applications in object-oriented systems. This tool displays components (packages, classes, interfaces, methods and fields) of a database application system as a graph. Components potentially affected by a change are indicated by changing the shape of the boxes representing those components. Two versions of the tool are available. One version identifies affected parts of applications at the granularity of packages, classes, and interfaces, whereas the other version identifies affected parts at the finer granularity of fields and methods. This paper presents the design and results of a controlled student experiment testing these two granularity levels with respect to productivity and user satisfaction. There are indications that identifying impacts at the finer granularity can reduce the time needed to conduct schema changes and reduce the number of errors. Our results also show that the subjects of the experiment appreciated the idea of visualizing the impacts of schema changes.
Pre-exposure anti-Campylobacter jejuni immunoglobulin a levels associated with reduced risk of Campylobacter diarrhea in adults traveling to Thailand.

Diarrhea history questionnaires were administered to 369 U.S. military volunteers before and after deployment to Thailand. Additionally, blood samples obtained from a subset of 221 volunteers 1-3 weeks previously and 3-4 weeks after their deployment were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin A to Campylobacter jejuni. Stool samples from personnel (including volunteers) contracting diarrhea in Thailand were cultured for enteric pathogens. Overall, 35.2% (130 of 369) of questionnaire respondents reported one or more diarrhea episodes during their trip. Volunteers with pretravel anti-C. jejuni reciprocal titers < or = 450 were 1.6 times as likely to have had diarrhea during their stay in Thailand compared with those with pretravel titers > 450 (39.7% versus 25.3%; P = 0.05). The symptomatic seroconversion, or attributable Campylobacter diarrhea attack rate, for the 1-month exercise was 12.7% (28 of 221). The symptomatic seroconversion rate in nonimmune (titer < or = 450) volunteers was 17.1%, whereas that in immune volunteers was only 4.0% (P = 0.002). Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli were recovered from 32.9% (56 of 170) of stool samples cultured and were the most commonly identified enteropathogens. Campylobacter diarrhea was associated with elevated temperatures, fecal red cells, and fecal white blood cells. The results of this study show that Campylobacter continues to represent a significant health threat to Western travelers to Thailand, but many of these travelers have preexisting Campylobacter immunity that protects them from clinically significant Campylobacter enteritis.
The role of obesity and lifestyle behaviours in a productive workforce

Objectives This study aims to investigate the role of lifestyle factors in relation to the presence and degree of productivity loss at work and sick leave. Methods A cross-sectional study recruited 10 624 workers in 49 companies in the Netherlands in 2005–2009. Productivity loss at work was measured on a 10-point scale indicating how much work was actually performed on the previous workday. Sick leave was measured by asking how many days in the past 12 months workers were off work due to health problems. Logistic regression analyses were applied to study the association between obesity and lifestyle behaviours and both outcome measures. Results Obesity was associated with the presence of sick leave (OR 1.25) and prolonged duration (OR 1.55). Insufficient physical activity (OR 1.12) and smoking (OR 1.17) were also associated with the presence of sick leave. Smoking (OR 1.45), obesity (OR 1.29) and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (OR 1.22) were associated with the degree of productivity loss at work. The combined population attributable fractions of lifestyle factors for sick leave and the higher levels of productivity loss at work were above 10%. Conclusions Lifestyle-related factors, especially smoking and obesity, were associated with the presence and duration of sick leave and degree of productivity loss at work. More than 10% of sick leave and the higher levels of productivity loss at work may be attributed to lifestyle behaviours and obesity. Hence, primary interventions on lifestyle may have a noticeable contribution to maintaining a productive workforce.
Inbound foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurial activity

There is an interesting and lively debate going on in the academic literature intersecting trade policy and entrepreneurship. Several studies have shown that inbound foreign direct investment (FDI) has a negative effect on rates of entrepreneurship, while others find the opposite – a higher rate of new firm creation associated with increased inbound FDI. We study the phenomenon using a cross-country analysis of data on entrepreneurs from 38 countries and from 2001 to − 2008. Results indicate that inbound FDI has negative associations with five types of entrepreneurship (nascent, new, early-stage, established, and high-growth) measured by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey. In our discussion, we argue that our study supports the contention that studies counting new limited liability company registrations do not always measure the same thing as entrepreneurial entries (self-reports), leading to different, even opposite results when subjected to empirical analysis.
Cardiovascular differentiation of emotions.

&NA; This study examined the cardiovascular mechanisms governing differential blood pressure changes during the emotions of joy, sadness, fear, and anger. Heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, peripheral vascular resistance, cardiac output, and indices of myocardial contractility were measured during fear, anger, joy, sadness, physical action, and neutral imagery conditions in 27 right‐handed male volunteers screened for imagery ability, alexithymia, anxiety, and depression. Anger imagery, rather than fear, was accompanied by the largest effects on the cardiovascular system. Increased diastolic blood pressure in anger was associated with maintained levels of peripheral vascular resistance and increased cardiac output and heart rate compared with changes during neutral imagery. Sadness produced a distinct pattern with moderate increases in blood pressure and vascular resistance and a decrease in cardiac output compared with changes during neutral imagery. Fear, action, and joy produced similar blood pressure changes in which systolic pressure increased and diastolic pressure was relatively unchanged. The measurement of cardiac output and determination of vascular resistance changes during emotional imagery demonstrate that previously observed emotion‐specific blood pressure responses are produced by underlying patterns of cardiovascular activation, which differ between the major categories of emotions.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through in New Member States and Candidate Countries of the EU

This paper studies the pass-through of exchange rate changes into the prices of imports that originated inside the euro area made by some New Member States (NMSs) of the European Union and one candidate country (Turkey). I use data on import unit values for nine different product categories and bilateral imports from the euro area for each country and I estimate industry-specific rates of pass-through across and within countries using two different methodological approaches. The first one is based on Campa and Gonzalez-Minguez (2006) which estimates the short- and long-run pass through elasticities, where long-run elasticities are defined as the sum of the pass-through coefficients for the contemporaneous exchange rate and its first four lags. The second one is employed by de Bandt, Banerjee and Kozluk (2007) which suggests a long-run Engle and Granger (1987) cointegrating relationship and the possibility of structural breaks to restore the long-run in the estimation. I did not find evidence either in favour of the hypothesis of Local Currency Pricing (zero pass-through) or the hypothesis of Producer Currency Pricing (complete pass-through) for all the countries except Slovenia and Cyprus in the latter. The exchange rate pass-through ranged from 0.090 to 2.916 in the short-run and from 0.102 to 2.242 in the long-run. With reference to the results by industry the lowest values for exchange rate pass-through are in Manufacturing sectors. However, I did observe a exchange rate pass-through decline through the pricing chain and a large dependence of their economies on imported inputs.