Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural/Frictional and Demand-Deficient Unemployment in Local Labor Markets

This paper uses data on unemployment rates and job vacancy rates to measure structural/frictional and demand-deficient components of unemployment rate differences across local labor markets. Data on occupational and industrial distributions of unemployed workers and vacant jobs, as well as on local wages, recent sales growth, Unemployment Insurance, and demographics are then used to help account for these components of unemployment across local areas.
Exchange rate determination and inter-market order flow effects

The dependence of foreign exchange rates on order flow is investigated for four major exchange rate pairs, EUR/USD, EUR/GBP, GBP/USD and USD/JPY, across sampling frequencies ranging from 5 min to 1 week. Strong explanatory power is discovered for all sampling frequencies. We also uncover cross-market order flow effects, e.g. GBP exchange rates are very strongly influenced by EUR/USD order flow. We proceed to investigate the predictive power of order flow for exchange rate changes, and it is shown that the order flow specifications reduce RMSEs relative to a random walk for all exchange rates at high-frequencies and for EUR/USD and USD/JPY at lower sampling frequencies.
Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory

"Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory" is a textbook for doctoral students and researchers on the theory of asset pricing and portfolio selection in multiperiod settings under uncertainty. The asset pricing results are based on the three increasingly restrictive assumptions: absence of arbitrage, single-agent optimaltiy, and equilibrium. These results are unified with two key concepts, state prices and martingales. Technicalities are given relatively little emphasis so as to draw connections between these concepts and to make plain the similarities between discrete and continuous-time models. For simplicity, all continuous-time models are based on Brownian motion. Applications include term structure models, derivative valuation and hedging methods, and dynamic programming algorithms for portfolio choice and optimal exercise of American options. Numerical methods covered include Monte Carlo simulation and finite-difference solvers for partial differential equations. Each chapter provides extensive problem exercises and notes to the literature. This second edition is substantially longer, while still retaining the consciseness for which the first edition was praised. All chapters from the first edition have been revised. Two new chapters have been added on term structure modeling and on derivative securities. References have been updated throughout. With this new edition, "Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory" remains the definitive textbook in the field.
Behavioral characteristics of agitated nursing home residents with dementia at the end of life.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine group differences in verbal agitation, verbal interaction, bed restraint, pain, analgesic and neuroleptic medication use, and medical comorbidity among agitated nursing home residents who died during a 6-month clinical trial compared with residents of the same gender and similar initial cognitive status who did not die during the trial. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a two-group secondary data analysis of prospective observational data from 10 nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama. By means of chart review, resident assessments, surveys of certified nursing assistants, and direct observation of residents' daily behaviors and environment, 32 residents (87.34 +/- 7.29 years) with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score = 4.31 (+/-5.54) who died were compared with 32 residents (84 +/- 6.96 years) with a mean MMSE score = 4.28 (+/-5.49) who did not die during the clinical trial. RESULTS Residents who died displayed more verbal agitation, less time in verbal interaction with staff, and almost twice as much time restrained in bed during observation time in comparison with residents who did not die during the clinical trial. However, groups did not differ significantly in severity of comorbid illness, functional status, number of painful diagnoses, certified nursing assistants' reports of residents' pain, or opioid or nonopioid analgesic prescription or dosage. Surviving residents were more likely to receive neuroleptic medication than residents who died. IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that agitated nursing home residents may exhibit a heightened level of verbal agitation, decreased verbal interaction with staff, and increased bed restraint up to 3 months prior to death. Prospective observational studies are needed to identify markers for imminent mortality among nursing home residents.
[Is there any alteration in bone mineral density in patients with depression?].

OBJECTIVE Depression is associated with some alterations in behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function that may be risk factors for decreased bone mineral density (BMD). There is considerable inconsistency as to whether depressed patients really have decreased BMD or not. Decreased BMD has been reported in patients suffering from major depression in some studies, but not in some others. Moreover, few studies have investigated BMD in male depressed patients. The aim of this study was to investigate BMD in patients with major depression, including male ones. METHOD BMD was investigated in forty-two inpatients that fully met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (21 women, 21 men; mean age+/-SD: 37.57+/-8.70) and compared with that in twenty-three healthy controls (12 women, 11 men; mean age+/-SD: 33.73+/-7.16). The severity of clinical symptomatology was assessed by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). BMDs of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and femur neck were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS We found no difference in the values of BMDs of lumbar vertebra (L1-L4) and femur neck between depressive patients and controls among women or men. However, BMDs of the males in the control group were higher than those of the healthy females for both regions investigated; this gender difference was not observed in the depressive patients. CONCLUSION Major depression is not associated with any alteration in BMD either in women or in men.
Raising Response Rates in Mail Surveys of Small Business Owners: Results of an Experiment

The study attempts to identify survey treatments that have the potential to boost mail survey response rates among small business owners. In the past, researchers wishing to raise response rates have relied on financial incentives, stamped return envelopes, reminders, and university sponsorship. These treatments, however, raise such issues as the tendency of researchers to assume little or no change over time in the effectiveness of survey treatments. For this study, a survey was mailed to 16,000 randomly selected small business owners and members of the National Federation of Independent Businesses (NFIB). Seven survey treatments were selected and used in 128 combinations. Treatments included prenotification letters, Monday mail dates, three-color prints, personalized addresses, and stamped (rather than metered) envelopes. Although a few of the survey treatments yielded more responses than the control surveys, none of the treatments raised response rates significantly. Taken together, the findings suggest that attempts to grab respondents' attention with survey treatments, such as three-color design, are ineffective. (SAA)
Acquisition and Analysis of High Rate Deconvolved Auditory Evoked Potentials during Sleep

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) have been recorded at high stimulus rates during sleep using continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) sequences. AEP transient signals are obtained via frequency domain deconvolution of overlapped responses. Simultaneous acquisition of auditory brainstem response (ABR), middle latency response (MLR), and long latency response (LLR) is obtained at an average stimulation rate of 39.1 Hz, using 10, 20 and 100 second electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Deconvolved responses confirm previous observations on the reduction and disappearance of the P1 MLR component during stage III and IV, obtained with standard averaging and stimulation methods. Results indicate that auditory stimulation at high rates during sleep, using short time sweeps, may help correlating the sleep EEG indicative of different arousal levels, with corresponding AEPs
Circumstances of fatal lockout/tagout-related injuries in manufacturing.

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, hundreds of manufacturing workers have suffered fatal injuries while performing maintenance and servicing on machinery and equipment. Using lockout/tagout procedures could have prevented many of these deaths. METHODS A narrative text analysis of OSHA accident investigation report summaries was conducted to describe the circumstances of lockout/tagout-related fatalities occurring in the US manufacturing industry from 1984 to 1997. RESULTS The most common mechanisms of injury were being caught in or between parts of equipment, electrocution, and being struck by or against objects. Typical scenarios included cleaning a mixer or blender, cleaning a conveyor, and installing or disassembling electrical equipment. Lockout procedures were not even attempted in the majority (at least 58.8%) of fatal incidents reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Lockout/tagout-related fatalities occur under a wide range of circumstances. Enhanced training and equipment designs that facilitate lockout and minimize worker contact with machine parts may prevent many lockout/tagout-related injuries.
2,2′-[4-Acetyl-1,3-phenylenebis(oxy)]diacetic acid

In the title compound, C12H12O7, the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the mean planes of the 3-carboxymethoxy, 1-carboxymethoxy and acetyl substituents are 8.67 (7), 7.81 (6) and 10.3 (18)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by typical carboxylic acid O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain. C—H⋯O interactions also occur.
Trends in the Value of Individual Stockholdings

In 1971 the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued its Institutional Investor Study Report. ' The report examined the role of institutions in the economy, especially in the securities markets, and made various recommendations whose purpose, among others, was to strengthen those markets and to improve their operations in the light of sharply increased institutional participation. In the course of the study, numerous statistical series were revised and updated; as part of this revision the author developed new estimates of the market value of the outstanding stock of all domestic corporations for the period 1952-68. The revised data, in conjunction with new estimates of the stockholdings of financial and other institutions, showed that, contrary to widespread earlier impressions, the individual share of the total amount of outstanding corporate stock had hardly declined since the early 1950s. Furthermore, the individual share increased in the 1960s after declining in the 1950s. These surprising findings were commented on briefly by the SEC in its report. In addition, Freund later discussed the data and their implications for the securities markets;2 he commented specifically on the alleged difficulty of satisfying the constant demand of institutions for additional corporate stock. The finding of a fairly constant individual share has implications extending beyond the securities markets. Since these implications have not been considered elsewhere, they are explored in this paper after the revised data have been discussed briefly.
Industrial Robot : An International Journal Motion control of walking assistant robot based on comfort

Purpose – A walking assistant robot can help elderly people walk around independently, which could improve the life quality of the elderly and benefit our aging society. Ensuring the elderly person’s walking comfort with such a robot is very important. At present, the majority of walking assistant robot research does not focus on this field. The purpose of this paper is to examine the requirements of comfortable walking and outline the design of a motion control algorithm for a walking assistant robot, Walkmate III, based on comfort. Design/methodology/approach – During walking, the walking assistant robot should be able to capture the intent of user, guide the user and move at the same pace as the user. Usually, force or haptic interface is used to detect the user’s walking intention. The motion control system then transforms the forces applied by the user into the robot’s motion. By surveying the elderly people at a nursing home, the authors find that this transformation is important to the walking comfortableness and should be carefully designed. In this paper, the model of walking assisting process with such kind of walking assistant robot is derived at first. Based on this model, a new motion control algorithm is then designed. Findings – The elderly hoped that, in all topographic conditions, only small forces were needed to drive the walker during walking. Also, good maneuverability was also very important for a walker, to offer the user comfort, which meant the walking assistant robot should be able to respond to the input forces quickly and precisely. Currently widely-used motion control algorithms cannot satisfy all those requirements. In this paper, a new motion control algorithm is proposed, which can get a fast and precise response to the input forces and the input forces needed to drive the robot are kept at a preferred small level, so that the user will not feel tired during walking. Furthermore, by modifying, force feedback can be realized to improve the comfortableness of walking. Practical implications – The availability of walking assistant robot with improved walking comfortableness might encourage a wider adoption of robotics in our daily life. It could also benefit our aging society by improving the life quality of the elderly and reducing the pressure deriving from nursing labor shortages. Originality/value – This paper is of value to engineers and researchers developing walking assistant robots for the elderly people.
A Method for Visualizing Recurrent Topological Substructures in Sets of Active Molecules

We present a method for detecting meaningful common topological substructures among sets of active compounds. A clique-based subgraph detection method is used to find the highest scoring common substructure (HSCS) for each pair of molecules. Only those HSCSs are kept that have a much larger score than would be expected by chance for a randomly selected pair of molecules of the same size. Information on these significant HSCSs is visualized in two complementary ways. Individual HSCSs can be displayed as pairs of molecules with the atoms in the HSCS highlighted. The HSCSs are presented in order of decreasing statistical significance. Alternatively, individual molecules can be displayed such that each atom is labeled with the number of significant HSCSs in which it has appeared. These are presented in order of decreasing maximum number per molecule. Browsing these data gives an impression of what parts of molecules are conserved among actives. The molecules can be simplified by deleting parts that are not co.
Overreaction or Fundamentals: Some Lessons from Insiders' Response to the Market Crash of 1987

This paper shows that the 1987 crash was a surprise to corporate insiders; insiders became buyers of stock in record numbers immediately following the crash; stocks that declined more during the crash were also purchased more by insiders; and stocks that were purchased more extensively by insiders during October 1987 showed larger positive returns in 1988. The overall evidence suggests that overreaction was an important part of the crash. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.
Is capital really mobile across the border?

The existing theories on capital mobility use either the saving–investment parity condition or the interest parity condition. The assumptions of balanced budget or purchasing power parity condition underlying these theories, however, are rarely met. This study, therefore develops a different approach called ‘current account surplus saving surplus parity condition’ to measure the degree of capital mobility and apply the model on US time series data. It is found that US capital is mobile internationally.
Zinc and Cadmium Can Promote Rapid Nuclear Translocation of Metal Response Element-binding Transcription Factor-1*

Metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a six-zinc finger protein that plays an essential role in activating metallothionein expression in response to the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. Low affinity interactions between zinc and specific zinc fingers in MTF-1 reversibly regulate its binding to the metal response elements in the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. This study examined the subcellular distribution and DNA binding activity of MTF-1 in cells treated with zinc or cadmium. Immunoblot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear extracts demonstrated that in untreated cells, about 83% of MTF-1 is found in the cytosolic extracts and is not activated to bind to DNA. In sharp contrast, within 30 min of zinc treatment (100 μm), MTF-1 is detected only in nuclear extracts and is activated to bind to DNA. The activation to bind to DNA and nuclear translocation of MTF-1 occurs in the absence of increased MTF-1 content in the cell. Furthermore, immunocytochemical localization and immunoblotting assays demonstrated that zinc induces the nuclear translocation of MTF-1-FLAG, expressed from the cytomegalovirus promoter in transiently transfected dko7 (MTF-1 double knockout) cells. Immunoblot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear extracts from cadmium-treated cells demonstrated that concentrations of cadmium (10 μm) that actively induce metallothionein gene expression cause only a small increase in the amount of nuclear MTF-1. In contrast, an overtly toxic concentration of cadmium (50 μm) rapidly induced the complete nuclear translocation and activation of DNA binding activity of MTF-1. These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that MTF-1 serves as a zinc sensor that responds to changes in cytosolic free zinc concentrations. In addition, these data suggest that cadmium activation of metallothionein gene expression may be accompanied by only small changes in nuclear MTF-1.
The Initiation and Termination of Enduring Rivalries: The Impact of Political Shocks

Theory: Breaking the stability of interstate conflictual relationships requires a dramatic change in the environment of those relationships. Hypotheses: The beginning and end of enduring rivalries are closely related to the timing of large political shocks in the form of world wars, territorial changes, alterations in the international power distribution, civil wars, and national independences. Methods: Descriptive statistics on timing of enduring rivalry-initiation and termination vis-a-vis political shocks, supplemented by event history analysis. Results: Political shocks were found to be a modest necessary condition for the initiation and termination of enduring rivalries with the strongest impact from world wars, civil wars, and national independences.
On time's arrow in Ehrenfest models with reversible deterministic dynamics

We introduce a deterministic, time-reversible version of the Ehrenfest urn model. The distribution of first-passage times from equilibrium to non-equilibrium states and vice versa is calculated. We find that average times for transition to non-equilibrium always scale exponentially with the system size, whereas the timescale for relaxation to equilibrium depends on microscopic dynamics. To illustrate this, we also look at deterministic and stochastic versions of the Ehrenfest model with a distribution of microscopic relaxation times.
Ultrastructure of human oocytes after in vitro maturation.

STUDY HYPOTHESIS How does the ultrastructure of human oocytes matured in vitro compare with oocytes collected from women after full hormonal stimulation? STUDY FINDING The ultrastructure of human oocytes matured in vitro is largely, but not entirely, similar to those matured in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Embryos derived from in vitro-matured oocytes often have limited developmental potential, possibly as an effect of inappropriate in vitro maturation (IVM) conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a valuable research tool to compare in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes. However, previous studies on the ultrastructure of human IVM oocytes were done with inadequate material or inappropriate IVM conditions, and have limited significance. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Immature cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes, retrieved from mid-sized antral follicles of women requiring IVM treatment, were matured in vitro for 30 h. No leftover germinal vesicle-stage oocytes collected from fully stimulated cycles were used. Control in vivo matured oocytes were obtained from age-matched women undergoing full ovarian stimulation. In vitro and in vivo matured oocytes were analysed by TEM and compared according to previously established morphometric criteria of oocyte quality. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All oocytes had normal ooplasm showing uniform distribution of organelles. Mitochondrial morphology appeared similar between the maturation conditions. Cortical granules were found typically stratified in a single, mostly continuous row just beneath the ooplasm in all oocytes. Microvilli were well preserved after IVM. Vacuoles were only occasionally found in all oocytes and, if present, they were frequently associated with lysosomes. Mitochondria-smooth endoplasmic reticulum (M-SER) aggregates and mitochondria-vesicles (MV) complexes were commonly found in in vivo matured oocytes. However, large MV complexes partially replaced M-SER aggregates in IVM oocytes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As a note of caution it should be noticed that, being laborious and technically demanding, TEM cannot be applied to a large number of samples in a single investigation. Therefore, our data require further independent confirmation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data suggests the notion that TEM remains a valuable research tool that can also offer quantitative data if associated with morphometric criteria of evaluation. Therefore, it can be adopted to test pre-clinically the performance of novel in vitro systems that are demanded to make oocytes IVM more successful in the human. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This study was independently funded by Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Centre, Monza, Italy. All authors declare that their participation in the study did not involve factual or potential conflicts of interests.