Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trial by Market: The Brightstar Incubation Experiment

Established firms accumulate a significant body of knowledge, expertise and capabilities that are often secondary to their central revenue generating activities. How do they leverage this expertise in non-core technology into future value creation opportunities? In this paper we examine an attempt by the telecommunications firm BT to create value from the accumulated knowledge within its laboratories by setting up an incubator. While conceived by the board as a mechanism for leveraging the value of non-core technology into the workplace, corporate support for the incubator was withdrawn after only three years and prompted the incubator to partner with a venture capital firm, NVP, in the spin-out of ventures. Through analysis of this single case we observe how entering into such a relationship reduces the transaction costs of accessing complementary resources, capabilities and competences, while simultaneously reducing a number of the risks associated with venturing for both parties. Partnering with the venture capitalist allows the established firm to get its intellectual property into the market, for it to be tested by the market and further developed.
Regulatory roles of complexins in neurotransmitter release from mature presynaptic nerve terminals

Complexins are presynaptic proteins whose functional roles in synaptic transmission are still unclear. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, complexins are distributed throughout the cell bodies, dendrites and axons, whereas synaptotagmin I and synaptobrevin/VAMP‐2, essential proteins for neurotransmitter release, accumulated in the synaptic‐releasing sites as early as 1 week in culture. With a maturation of synapses in vitro, complexins also accumulated in the synaptic release sites and co‐localized with synaptotagmin I and synaptobrevin/VAMP‐2 after 3–4 weeks in culture. Complexins I and II were expressed in more than 90 and 70% of the cultured neurons, respectively; however, they were largely distributed in different populations of synaptic terminals. In the developing rat brain, complexins were distributed in neuronal cell bodies in the early stage of postnatal development, but gradually accumulated in the synapse‐enriched regions with development. In mature presynaptic neurons of Aplysia buccal ganglia, injection of anticomplexin II antibody caused a stimulation of neurotransmitter release. Injection of recombinant complexin II and αSNAP caused depression and facilitation of neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals, respectively. The effect of complexin was reversed by a subsequent injection of recombinant αSNAP, and vice versa. These results suggest that complexins are not essential but have some regulatory roles in neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals of mature neurons.
Antibacterial Effects of Natural Herbal Extracts on Streptococcus mutans: Can They Be Potential Additives in Dentifrices?

Background Many plants or herbs exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. They have no side effects and presumably act against and modulate the factors that are crucial for microbial survival or their activity. Streptococcus mutans is a pioneer bacteria implicated in dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of garlic bulbs, pudina leaves, and mango and eucalyptus twig extracts on Streptococcus mutans by evaluating their zone of inhibition and determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Methods Microbiological assay (well diffusion method) to determine zone of inhibition against pure forms of Streptococcus mutans was performed. The antibacterial effects of methanolic extracts of mango twigs, eucalyptus twigs, pudina leaves, and garlic bulbs were studied. Test compounds were further evaluated for their MIC. Results Extracts derived from mango and eucalyptus twigs showed significant antibacterial effects at test concentrations. Pudina and garlic extracts did not show any significant antibacterial effects at similar concentrations. Upon further evaluation of the 2 positive compounds for their MIC, mango twigs demonstrated more antimicrobial potential than eucalyptus twigs at a lower concentration. Conclusion Our observations indicated that the mango twig extracts possess higher antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans than other compounds at specific test concentration.
Preservation of integrity and activity of Haberlea rhodopensis photosynthetic apparatus during prolonged light deprivation.

The effect of prolonged light deprivation on ultrastructure, pigment composition and functions of photosynthetic apparatus of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (Gesneriaceae) was studied. For this purpose, intact plants were kept in darkness for up to 6 months. Haberlea rhodopensis demonstrated extraordinary ability to preserve its photosynthetic machinery intact despite complete absence of light. During the first 4 weeks of light deprivation, we observed preservation of pigment content, chloroplast ultrastructure and a decrease in the rate of CO(2) assimilation. The signs of dark-induced senescence were observed only after the fourth week. This phase was characterized by decrease of pigment content, partial disintegration of chloroplast ultrastructure and by the development of photosystem II down regulation that includes the increases in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, qN. In comparison with other plants like common bean and Arabidopsis, the processes of dark-induced senescence were very slow and the plants still can recover even after 6 months of light deprivation. We think these findings can open new opportunities for studying not only dark-induced senescence but also to investigate mechanisms determining tolerance to multiple stresses affecting integrity of photosynthetic apparatus.
Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND Intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard primary therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase 3 trial to compare the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous cisplatin on the survival of women with previously untreated, stage III, epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS The patients underwent an initial exploratory laparotomy and resection of all tumor masses larger than 2 cm. Within four weeks after surgery, six courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (600 mg per square meter of body-surface area per course) plus either intraperitoneal cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) or intravenous cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) were administered at three-week intervals. RESULTS Of 654 randomized patients, 546 were eligible for the study. The estimated median survival was significantly longer in the group receiving intraperitoneal cisplatin (49 months; 95 percent confidence interval, 42 to 56) than in the group receiving intravenous cisplatin (41 months; 95 percent confidence interval, 34 to 47). The risk of death was lower in the intraperitoneal group than in the intravenous group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.96; P = 0.02). Moderate-to-severe tinnitus, clinical hearing loss, and neuromuscular toxic effects were significantly more frequent in the intravenous group. CONCLUSIONS As compared with intravenous cisplatin, intraperitoneal cisplatin significantly improves survival and has significantly fewer toxic effects in patients with stage III ovarian cancer and residual tumor masses of 2 cm or less.
Enabling a Microfluidic RFID Readout System via Miniaturization and Integration

We present a microfluidic read-out platform concept for miniaturized radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that will help identifying natural underground sources. Designed microfluidic platform has embedded spiral reader antennas for data communication via near field magnetic coupling. To enable near field magnetic coupling with the reader antennas at reasonably low frequencies, we developed electrically ultrasmall (380 μm × 380 μm × 15 μm with resonance ~0.75 GHz) on-chip antennas. Concept feasibility was proven by a set of experiments. First, data communication between an RFID reader and a printed circuit board-level passive tag was demonstrated through miniaturized antennas. Second, coupling between passive reader and on-chip antennas was shown inside the fluidic environment. In addition, a chip separation mechanism was introduced to the platform to prevent cross-coupling events between RFID tags.
Analysis of the composition of lipid in human meibum from normal infants, children, adolescents, adults, and adults with meibomian gland dysfunction using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE This study represents a first step toward the evaluation of possible compositional differences in meibum from normal donors (Mn) and donors with meibomian gland dysfunction (Md) by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The results highlight the applicability of (1)H-NMR spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of waxes, cholesteryl esters, and glycerides in meibum lipid (ML). METHODS Meibum was obtained from 41 normal donors and 51 donors with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). (1)H-NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify the amount of waxes, glycerides, and cholesteryl esters in human meibum. RESULTS The relative amount of cholesteryl esters in Mn increased with age and was 40% (P < 0.05) lower in Md. Interestingly, the relative levels of cholesteryl esters in infant meibum were comparable to those in Md. The relative amounts of glycerides were not affected significantly by age or MGD. CONCLUSIONS The changes in cholesteryl ester could be used as a molecular marker for MGD and could potentially be applied to follow the efficacy of drug therapy in the treatment of MGD. The similarity of the levels of cholesteryl esters in infant meibum and Md suggests that the relative amounts of these meibum components alone are unlikely to be responsible for the increased stability of the infant tear film and decreased stability of the tear film with MGD. This study reveals the complexity of human MLs and the changes that occur with age and disease. Understanding the factors that lead to such variations is of utmost relevance in the design of effective therapies.
Pathologic correlates of apraxia in Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE To examine the neuroanatomical correlates of apraxia in Alzheimer disease. PATIENTS Twenty-three patients with clinically overt Alzheimer disease. DESIGN Anterograde study and neuropathologic case series. Clinical severity was assessed using the Global Deterioration Scale. Ideomotor praxis was examined on transitive and intransitive movements and meaningless gestures, and dressing ability was evaluated clinically. Constructive praxis was tested using a 3-dimensional figure copying task. Correlations between neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque densities and praxis test performance were studied using stepwise logistic regression models. SETTING Studies were conducted at the Psychiatric and Geriatric Hospitals of the University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios to estimate the associations between neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque densities in each neocortical area and the presence of ideomotor, dressing, and constructional apraxia. RESULTS Statistically significant relationships were found between neurofibrillary tangle densities in the anterior cingulate cortex and ideomotor and dressing apraxia and between neurofibrillary tangle densities in the superior parietal, posterior cingulate, and occipital cortex and constructional apraxia. Senile plaque counts did not correlate with praxic performance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ideomotor and dressing apraxia are associated with mild damage of the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas constructional apraxia is related to the disruption of cortical pathways mediating visuospatial cognition in Alzheimer disease. Senile plaque densities do not represent a valuable pathologic correlate of apraxia in this disorder.
Reclassification of 300 primary cutaneous B-Cell lymphomas according to the new WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas: comparison with previous classifications and identification of prognostic markers.

PURPOSE In the new WHO-European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification for cutaneous lymphomas three major groups of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) are distinguished: primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) with a good prognosis, and primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL-LT), with an intermediate-level prognosis. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of the new classification compared with previous classification schemes (EORTC 1997; WHO 2001) and to define prognostic factors within the newly defined categories. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study clinical data and histologic sections of 300 patients with CBCL, formerly classified according to the EORTC classification, were reviewed and reclassified according to the WHO and the new WHO-EORTC classification schemes. RESULTS After reclassification, the study comprised 71 patients with PCMZL, 171 patients with PCFCL, and 58 patients with PCLBCL-LT, showing 5-year disease-specific survivals of 98%, 95%, and 50%, respectively. When compared with the EORTC and WHO schemes, 5.3% and 36.3% of patients with CBCL were reclassified into another prognostic category. Multivariate analysis of PCFCL revealed localization on the leg and expression of FOXP1 as independent parameters associated with a poor prognosis. Expression of Bcl-2 or MUM-1 had no significant effect on survival in this group. In PCLBCL-LT, no independent prognostic parameters were found. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the clinical significance of the WHO-EORTC classification, but suggest that within the group of PCFCL, distinction should be made between lymphomas presenting on the legs and lymphomas presenting at other sites.
Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets

A method of wetland mapping and flood survey based on satellite optical imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra instrument was used over the Inner Niger Delta (IND) from 2000–2013. It has allowed us to describe the phenomenon of inundations in the delta and to decompose the flooded areas in the IND into open water and mixture of water and dry land, and that aquatic vegetation is separated from bare soil and “dry” vegetation. An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the MODIS data and precipitation rates from a global gridded data set is carried out. Connections between flood sequence and precipitation patterns from the upstream part of the Niger and Bani river watersheds up to the IND are studied. We have shown that inter-annual variability of flood dominates over the IND and we have estimated that the surface extent of open water varies by a factor of four between dry and wet years. We finally observed an increase in vegetation over the 14 years of study and a slight decrease of open water.
A review on fabrication process of organic light emitting diodes

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been dominating over years in the realm of incandescent and fluorescent lighting due to their long life, intensity and power efficiency. But having certain limitations like difficulty and cost of production, they have been being restrained from conspicuous application. Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) nowadays is a promising feature over Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and other lighting appliances, due to their low cost, ease of fabrication, brightness, speed, wide viewing angle, low power consumption and contrast. Edging ahead, OLED also facilitates further LED market permeation. This paper discusses the structure of OLED, working principle and operation, fabrication and recent advances made in the area as ease of fabrication process is the singular most important benefit over alternative technologies.
Cortical Source Localization for Analysing Single-Trial Motor Imagery EEG

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most widely used Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) modality to record brain signal. Unlike other neuroimaging modalities like fMRI and PET, EEG is not very effective in localizing the brain sources. However, with the advent of inverse modeling techniques for source localization, it is possible to use EEG as an alternative neuroimaging technique. In this paper, source localization using EEG signal is used to analyze single-trial movement imagination (MI) tasks. Wadsworth physiobank dataset of 109 subjects performing right hand vs left hand movement imagination is considered. Forward modeling based on 3 layered head geometry is co-registered with ICBM 152 template anatomy, which is a non-linear average of fMRI scans of 152 subjects. Inverse modeling is done with the help of Standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA). The proposed method presents some preliminary results on how source localization could be used to identify the moment (time instant) of brain source activation even within a single trial.
Bitwise parallel association rule mining for web page recommendation

For many real-life web applications, web surfers would like to get recommendation on which collections of web pages that would be interested to them or that they should follow. In order to discover this information and make recommendation, data mining---and specially, association rule mining or web mining---is in demand. Since its introduction, association rule mining has drawn attention of many researchers. Consequently, many association rule mining algorithms have been proposed for finding interesting relationships---in the form of association rules---among frequently occurring patterns. These algorithms include level-wise Apriori-based algorithms, tree-based algorithms, hyperlinked array structure based algorithms, and vertical mining algorithms. While these algorithms are popular, they suffer from some drawbacks. Moreover, as we are living in the era of big data, high volumes of a wide variety of valuable data of different veracity collected at a high velocity post another challenges to data science and big data analytics. To deal with these big data while avoiding the drawbacks of existing algorithms, we present a bitwise parallel association rule mining system for web mining and recommendation in this paper. Evaluation results show the effectiveness and practicality of our parallel algorithm---which discovers popular pages on the web, which in turn gives the web surfers recommendation of web pages that might be interested to them---in real-life web applications.
Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats Testing in

Serum creatinine concentration is insensitive for detecting kidney injury and doesnotassistindifferentiationbetweenglomerularversustubulardamage.Advancedrenalfunctiontests,includingglomerularfiltrationratetesting, determining fractional excretion of electrolytes, and assay of urine biomarkers, may allow earlier detection of reduced renal function mass, differentiation of renal from non-renal causes of azotemia, and assist with localization of damage. This article reviews the principles, indications, and limitationsofthesetestsanddescribestheiruseinsampleclinicalscenarios. other with direct hepatocellular injury, enzyme induction biliary epithe-lium, or decreased hepatic function. detection of biochemical abnormalities does indicate clinically significant For a comprehensive approach to detection and treatment of hepatobiliary disease,thelaboratory resultsmustbe correlatedwiththehistoryandphys-ical examination findings, diagnostic imaging results, and other assays. therapy, and predict outcome. This article reviews lactate physiology, sample collection and processing, and interpretation of lactate concentration in clinical practice. These techniques include cytology, histopathology, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction for clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangement.
Changes in biogenic carbon flow in response to sea surface warming

The pelagic ocean harbors one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. It is responsible for approximately half of global primary production, sustains worldwide fisheries, and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Ocean warming caused by anthropogenic climate change is already starting to impact the marine biota, with possible consequences for ocean productivity and ecosystem services. Because temperature sensitivities of marine autotrophic and heterotrophic processes differ greatly, ocean warming is expected to cause major shifts in the flow of carbon and energy through the pelagic system. Attempts to integrate such biological responses into marine ecosystem and biogeochemical models suffer from a lack of empirical data. Here, we show, using an indoor-mesocosm approach, that rising temperature accelerates respiratory consumption of organic carbon relative to autotrophic production in a natural plankton community. Increasing temperature by 2–6 °C hence decreased the biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface layer by up to 31%. Moreover, warming shifted the partitioning between particulate and dissolved organic carbon toward an enhanced accumulation of dissolved compounds. In line with these findings, the loss of organic carbon through sinking was significantly reduced at elevated temperatures. The observed changes in biogenic carbon flow have the potential to reduce the transfer of primary produced organic matter to higher trophic levels, weaken the ocean's biological carbon pump, and hence provide a positive feedback to rising atmospheric CO2.
A functional study of nucleocytoplasmic transport signals of the EhNCABP166 protein from Entamoeba histolytica

SUMMARY EhNCABP166 is an Entamoeba histolytica actin-binding protein that localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Bioinformatic analysis of the EhNCABP166 amino acid sequence shows the presence of 3 bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES). The present study aimed to investigate the functionality of these signals in 3 ways. First, we fused each potential NLS to a cytoplasmic domain of ehFLN to determine whether the localization of this domain could be altered by the presence of the NLSs. Furthermore, the localization of each domain of EhNCABP166 was determined. Similarly, we generated mutations in the first block of bipartite signals from the domains that contained these signals. Additionally, we added an NES to 2 constructs that were then evaluated. We confirmed the intranuclear localization of EhNCABP166 using transmission electron microscopy. Fusion of each NLS resulted in shuttling of the cytoplasmic domain to the nucleus. With the exception of 2 domains, all of the evaluated domains localized within the nucleus. A mutation in the first block of bipartite signals affected the localization of the domains containing an NLS. The addition of an NES shifted the localization of these domains to the cytoplasm. The results presented here establish EhNCABP166 as a protein containing functional nuclear localization signals and a nuclear export signal.