Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LASSO-TYPE RECOVERY OF SPARSE REPRESENTATIONS FOR HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA

The Lasso [28] is an attractive technique for regularization and variable selection for high-dimensional data, where the number of predictor variables p is potentially much larger than the number of samples n. However, it was recently discovered [23, 38, 39] that the sparsity pattern of the Lasso estimator can only be asymptotically identical to the true sparsity pattern if the design matrix satisfies the so-called irrepresentable condition. The latter condition can easily be violated in applications due to the presence of highly correlated variables. Here we examine the behavior of the Lasso estimators if the irrepresentable condition is relaxed. Even though the Lasso cannot recover the correct sparsity pattern, we show that the estimator is still consistent in the ‘2-norm sense for fixed designs under conditions on (a) the number sn of non-zero components of the vector n and (b) the minimal singular values of the design matrices that are induced by selecting of order sn variables. The results are extended to vectors in weak ‘q-balls with 0 < q < 1. Our results imply that, with We would like to thank Noureddine El Karoui and Debashis Paul for pointing out interesting connections to Random Matrix theory. Some results of this manuscript have been presented at the Oberwolfach workshop “Qualitative Assumptions and Regularization for High-Dimensional Data”. Nicolai Meinshausen is supported by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and Bin Yu is partially supported by a Guggenheim fellowship and grants NSF DMS-0605165 (06-08), NSF DMS-03036508 (03-05) and ARO W911NF05-1-0104 (05-07).
Phasing out the GSEs Vadim Elenev

We develop a new model of the mortgage market where both borrowers and lenders can default. Risk tolerant savers (risk takers) act as intermediaries between risk averse depositors and impatient borrowers. The government provides mortgage guarantees and deposit insurance. Underpriced government guarantees lead to risky mortgage origination and excessive financial sector leverage. Mortgage crises frequently turn into financial crises and government bailouts due to the fragility of the intermediaries’ balance sheets. Increasing the price of the mortgage guarantee crowds in the private sector, reduces financial fragility, leads to less and safer mortgage lending, lowers house prices, raises mortgage rates and risk-free interest rates. It also makes all agents in the economy strictly better off. The welfare gains are particularly large for the risk takers so that the private market solution increases wealth inequality. JEL: G12, G15, F31.
Perceptual Evaluation of the Mosque Facades of Different Periods : Preference , Complexity , Impressiveness , and Stimulative

Bu çalışmada, ülkelere, mimari akımlara ve dönemlere göre farklı olarak yapılmış cami cephelerinin insanlar tarafından nasıl algılandığının irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Osmanlı, Selçuklu ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi olmak üzere 3 farklı gruba ayrılan 16 adet cami cephe görseli, 100 kişi tarafından anket yolu ile analiz edilmiştir. Anketlerde karmaşıklık, beğeni, etkileyicilik ve uyarıcılık olarak seçilen dört farklı sıfat çifti beş basamaklı anlamsal farklılaşma ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerle seçilen değişkenler arasındaki farklılıkların istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada cami görselleri üzerinden elde edilen verilerin karmaşıklık, beğeni, etkileyicilik ve uyarıcılık gibi kavramlar arasındaki ilişkisi tespit edilmiş ve beğeni ile karmaşıklık arasında ters U şekilli bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyi gibi sosyal faktörlerin cami algısında ne ölçüde etken olduğunu saptamak için tek yönlü varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Analizlere göre erkek katılımcıların kadınlara göre camilerin algısal değerlendirmesinde daha seçici ya da eleştirel oldukları tespit edilirken, orta yaş (36-50 arası) katılımcıların genç (22-35 arası) katılımcılara göre daha eleştirel olduğu görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde eğitim seviyesinin artması da cami değerlendirmesinde seçiciliği artırmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Osmanlı dönemi camilerinin diğer dönemlere ait camilere göre daha kompleks olduğu görülmüş buna rağmen daha çok beğenilmiş ve etkileyici bulunmuştur.
Impact of EV Integration and Fast Chargers in a Norwegian LV Grid An analysis based on data from a distribution grid in Steinkjer

Given a renewable power supply, the replacement of conventional vehicles with electric alternatives has the potential to significantly reduce climate gas emissions from the transport sector. Norway has implemented economic incentives over several years to encourage a transition from conventional vehicles to electric cars (EVs), and has now the largest share of EVs per capita in the world. The power levels required to charge this fleet may constitute a significant strain on the existing power grid, especially at a low voltage level. The deployment of fast chargers may further aggravate this. More knowledge about the challenges ahead will be advantageous. This thesis explores the effects of increasing EV penetration levels in a Norwegian distribution grid, by analyzing real power measurements obtained from household smart meters. The implications of installing a fast charger in the grid has been assessed, an optimal location for it has been proposed, and the potential for reactive power injection to reduce the voltage deviations caused by it has been investigated. After presenting the theoretical groundwork, data set and methodology, the model is presented in detail and the following results are described. Results show that the EV hosting capacity of the grid is good for a majority of the end-users, but that the weakest power cable would be overloaded at a 20 % EV penetration level. The network tolerated an EV penetration of 50 % with regards to the voltage levels at all end-users. Injecting reactive power at the location of an installed fast charger proved to significantly reduce the voltage deviation otherwise imposed by the charger.
A team recommendation system and outcome prediction for the game of cricket

Predicting the outcome of a game using players strength and weakness against the players of the opponent team by considering the statistics of a set of matches played by players helps captain and coaches to select the team and order the players. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning method using SVM model with linear, and nonlinear poly and RBF kernals to predict the outcome of the game against particular side by grouping the players at different levels in the order of play for both the teams. The comparison among different groups of players at same level gives the order of groups which contributes to winning probability. we also propose to develop a system which recommends a player for a speciﬁc role in a team by considering the past performances. we achieve this by ﬁnding the similar players by clustering all the players using k-means clustering and ﬁnding the ﬁve nearest players using k nearest neighbor (KNN) classiﬁer. We calculate the ranking index for players using the game and players statistics extracted from a particular tournament. Experimental results demonstrate that, the n-dimensional data considered for modeling is not linearly separable. Hence the nonlinear SVM with RBF kernel outperforms from the linear and poly kernel. SVM with RFB kernel yields the accuracy of 75, precision of 83.5 and recall rate of 62.5. So we recommend the use of SVM with RBF kernel for game outcome prediction.
Communication p 53 as a retrovirus-induced oxidative stress modulator

Infection of astrocytes by the neuropathogenic mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus, ts1, exhibits increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signs of oxidative stress compared with uninfected astrocytes. Previously, we have demonstrated that ts1 infection caused two separate events of ROS upregulation. The first upregulation occurs during early viral establishment in host cells and the second during the virus-mediated apoptotic process. In this study, we show that virus-mediated ROS upregulation activates the protein kinase, ataxia telangiectasia mutated, which in turn phosphorylates serine 15 on p53. This activation of p53 however, is unlikely associated with ts1-induced cell death. Rather p53 appears to be involved in suppressing intracellular ROS levels in astrocytes under oxidative stress. The activated p53 appears to delay retroviral gene expression by suppressing NADPH oxidase, a superoxideproducing enzyme. These results suggest that p53 plays a role as a retrovirus-mediated oxidative stress modulator.
Structural and Functional Analysis of BipA, a Regulator of Virulence in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli*

Background: BipA binds to ribosomes during exponential growth, but to small ribosomal subunits during starvation. Results: We present the structure and thermodynamic analysis of GDP and stress alarmone guanosine-3′, 5′-bis pyrophosphate (ppGpp) binding to BipA. Conclusion: Structures of GDP- and ppGpp-bound BipA are equivalent. Significance: BipA switches its binding specificity only in the presence of both small ribosomal subunits and ppGpp. The translational GTPase BipA regulates the expression of virulence and pathogenicity factors in several eubacteria. BipA-dependent expression of virulence factors occurs under starvation conditions, such as encountered during infection of a host. Under these conditions, BipA associates with the small ribosomal subunit. BipA also has a second function to promote the efficiency of late steps in biogenesis of large ribosomal subunits at low temperatures, presumably while bound to the ribosome. During starvation, the cellular concentration of stress alarmone guanosine-3′, 5′-bis pyrophosphate (ppGpp) is increased. This increase allows ppGpp to bind to BipA and switch its binding specificity from ribosomes to small ribosomal subunits. A conformational change of BipA upon ppGpp binding could explain the ppGpp regulation of the binding specificity of BipA. Here, we present the structures of the full-length BipA from Escherichia coli in apo, GDP-, and ppGpp-bound forms. The crystal structure and small-angle x-ray scattering data of the protein with bound nucleotides, together with a thermodynamic analysis of the binding of GDP and of ppGpp to BipA, indicate that the ppGpp-bound form of BipA adopts the structure of the GDP form. This suggests furthermore, that the switch in binding preference only occurs when both ppGpp and the small ribosomal subunit are present. This molecular mechanism would allow BipA to interact with both the ribosome and the small ribosomal subunit during stress response.
IPO Intervention and Innovation: Evidence from China

This paper asks whether restricting timely access to public equity markets affects innovation among firms that intend to go public. The Chinese government has suspended IPOs occasionally, exposing firms to indeterminate listing delays, which curtails timely access to equity capital and increases uncertainty. We find that suspension-induced delay substantially reduces innovation, measured using patenting activity. These effects begin during the delay period and endure for multiple years, while impacts on other firm outcomes are short-lived. Our results suggest that corporate innovation is cumulative, and that predictable, well-functioning IPO markets are important for firm value creation through innovation.
Rho/ROCK and MAPK signaling pathways are involved in glioblastoma cell migration and proliferation.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most aggressive and frequently occurring brain neoplasm. Members of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins, including Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, have been shown to participate in cell growth differentiation and motility. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which includes extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), has been shown to regulate cell growth, differentiation and motility. Here, the involvement of the Rho and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, along with MAPK, was investigated to determine their roles in GBM cell migration and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro studies utilized the human malignant glioblastoma cell line LN-18. The cells were treated with Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, and U0126, an upstream MAPK kinase inhibitor (MEK), alone or in combination with one another. Immunoblotting analysis established the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Cell migration was determined by radial migration assay and cell proliferation by MTT. RESULTS Y-27632 reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at 0.5 and 2 h. U0126 in combination with Y-27632 led to a more pronounced repression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- or fibronectin (FN)-induced ERK1/2 activation than U0126 treatment alone. Y-27632 treatment for 24 h suppressed GBM cell migration and resulted in a reduction in LN-18 cell proliferation. Furthermore, PDGF and FN-induced cell proliferation was suppressed by pre-treatment with Y-27632 or U0126, with the greatest reduction achieved by a combination of the two inhibitors. CONCLUSION Rho/ROCK signaling is involved in GBM cell migration and proliferation, and this pathway may be linked to ERK signaling.
Prioritising wheelchair services for children

Background: Approximately 95 million children worldwide are disabled; 10 % use a wheelchair. In the UK, an estimated 770,000 children are disabled. National Health Service Wheelchair Services are the largest provider of wheelchairs in the UK; however, recent reports have highlighted issues with these services. This study explores the use of discrete choice experiment methods to inform wheelchair service provision for disabled children based on service user preferences. The aim was to explore how disabled children and their parents prioritise different attributes of wheelchair services. The secondary aims were to compare priorities between parents and disabled children and to explore marginal rate of substitution for incremental changes in attributes. Methods: Discrete choice experiments are a method of attribute-based stated preference valuation used by health economists to understand how individuals prioritise different attributes of healthcare services and treatments. We conducted the first pilot discrete choice experiment to explore how disabled children (aged 11 to 18) and their parents prioritise different attributes of hypothetical wheelchair services. Eleven disabled children (aged 11 to 18) and 30 parents of disabled children completed eight pairwise choice tasks based on five service attributes: wheelchair assessment, cost contribution, training, delivery time and frequency of review. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. For each pairwise choice, the participants were asked to choose which service scenario (A or B) they preferred. Results: Comprehensiveness of wheelchair assessment and wheelchair delivery time significantly (P < 0.05) affected service preferences of children (β-coefficients = 1.43 [95 % bootstrapped CI = 1.42 to 2.08] and −0.92 [95 % bootstrapped CI = −1.41 to −0.84], respectively) and parents (β-coefficients = 1.53 [95 % bootstrapped CI = 1.45 to 2.16] and −1.37 [95 % bootstrapped CI = −1.99 to −1.31], respectively). Parents were willing to contribute more financially to receive preferred services, although this was non-significant. Conclusions: Both samples placed the greatest importance on holistic wheelchair assessments encompassing more than health. The National Health Service should consider using discrete choice experiment methods to examine wheelchair service preferences of disabled children (aged 11 and over) and their parents on a wider scale; however, care must be taken to ensure that this method is used appropriately.
Skin test concentrations for systemically administered drugs – an ENDA/EAACI Drug Allergy Interest Group position paper

Skin tests are of paramount importance for the evaluation of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Drug skin tests are often not carried out because of lack of concise information on specific test concentrations. The diagnosis of drug allergy is often based on history alone, which is an unreliable indicator of true hypersensitivity.To promote and standardize reproducible skin testing with safe and nonirritant drug concentrations in the clinical practice, the European Network and European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Interest Group on Drug Allergy has performed a literature search on skin test drug concentration in MEDLINE and EMBASE, reviewed and evaluated the literature in five languages using the GRADE system for quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. Where the literature is poor, we have taken into consideration the collective experience of the group.We recommend drug concentration for skin testing aiming to achieve a specificity of at least 95%. It has been possible to recommend specific drug concentration for betalactam antibiotics, perioperative drugs, heparins, platinum salts and radiocontrast media. For many other drugs, there is insufficient evidence to recommend appropriate drug concentration. There is urgent need for multicentre studies designed to establish and validate drug skin test concentration using standard protocols. For most drugs, sensitivity of skin testing is higher in immediate hypersensitivity compared to nonimmediate hypersensitivity.
Effect of dietary fat level on the ability of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid intermediate produced during rumen biohydrogenation of dietary linoleic acid, and it is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis in the cow. Inhibition of milk fat synthesis by CLA has also been demonstrated in rodent models. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dietary fat level affects the response of the mammary gland to CLA in lactating mice. Wild type C57Bl/6J mice (n = 31) nursing 6-8 pups were fed semipurified diets containing either 4% fat (LF) or 24% fat (HF) starting 4-6 d after parturition. High oleic acid sunflower oil was substituted for corn starch to increase the fat content of the HF diet. After a 2 d pretreatment period, lactating dams were orally dosed with either water (control) or trans-10, cis-12 CLA (20 mg/d, divided among three equal doses) for 5 d. CLA treatment decreased growth of the nursing litter similarly for both diets; no effect of dietary fat or interaction with CLA was observed. Dam energy intake was decreased by CLA, but this effect was partially attenuated by increased dietary fat. Milk fat percent was increased 16-17% by the HF diet and decreased 12-13% by CLA. Both CLA and the HF diet reduced the proportion of short and medium chain fatty acids in milk fat. These fatty acids originate from de novo synthesis in the mammary gland. Conversely, the milk fat concentration of fatty acids >16 carbons in length was increased 62-63% by the HF diet, and substantial incorporation of dietary oleic acid into milk fat was observed. In conclusion, CLA caused a reduction in milk fat percent and litter growth that was not overcome by increased dietary fat.
Tai Chi Treatment for Depression in Chinese Americans: A Pilot Study

ObjectiveThis study examined the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of using tai chi for treating major depressive disorder. DesignThirty-nine Chinese Americans with major depressive disorder were randomized into a 12-wk tai chi intervention or a waitlisted control group in a 2:1 ratio. The key outcome measurement was the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Positive response was defined as a decrease of 50% or more on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and remission was defined as a score of 7 or lower on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. ResultsOf the participants (n = 39), 77% were women, and mean (SD) age was 55 (10) years. There were 26 (67%) participants in the tai chi intervention group and 13 (33%) in the control group. Of the participants in the tai chi group, 73% completed the intervention; no adverse events were reported. We observed trends toward improvement in the tai chi intervention group, compared with the control group, in positive treatment-response rate (24% vs. 0%) and remission rate (19% vs. 0%), although the differences in our small sample did not reach statistical significance. ConclusionsA randomized controlled trial of tai chi is feasible and safe in Chinese American patients with major depressive disorder. These promising pilot study results inform the design of a more definitive trial.
AESTHETIC REHABILITATION OF THEGUMMY SMILE ASSOCIATED TO VIRTUAL PLANNING WITHDIGITAL SMILE DESIGN -DSD

The smile has a great importance in the life of an ind ividual, not only for aesthetic reasons, but also for ps ychological, social, emotional relationships and health reasons. Exce ssive gingival exposure during smiling -the gummy smile-is currently b eing considered as a factor unaesthetic before professionals and layman. There are several factors responsible for the gummy smile, among these the most common are altered passive eru ption and vertical growth of the maxilla. For the i mplementation of a differentiated dental treatment seeks incre asingly interact with virtual and photographic m ethods. Thus, the Digital Smile Design (DSD) is a virtual tool based on intra and extra oral photos, which aims to provide a preview of the treatment, as well amultidisciplinary communication. In periodontology there are several surgical techniques designed to correct the gummy smile, all when well indicated feature a sati sfactory aesthetic result. This study aims to demonstrate through a case report, the usevirtual tool (DSD) used in planning a reh abilitation gingival aesthetics. This method is a viable altern ative for the promotion of an aesthetically pleasing smile.
On the Euler-Poisson System

The Euler-Poisson system is a classical example of hyperbolic balance laws arising in either the two-uid theory in plasma physics, or in the study of a self-gravitating gaseous star. This paper surveys recent mathematical progresses in the PDE study of such an Euler-Poisson system with physical importantce. The Euler-Poisson system describes compressible uid(s) interacting with a self-consistent potential. In the classical two-uidmodel describing plasma dynamics for ion and electron uids, their self-consistent electrostatic potential satis es a Poisson equation according to the repulsive Coulomb interaction. On the other hand, in the classical model describing a self-gravitating gaseous star, its self-consistent gravitational potential also satis es a Poisson equation according to the attractive gravitational force via Newtons law. Even though there is no general well-posedness PDE theory for hyperbolic balance laws in 3D due to possible formation of shocks, there have been important progress in the PDE study of the Euler-Poisson system for both plasma and stellar models in recent years. In the case of Euler-Poisson system for a plasma, global in time smooth solutions have been constructed without shock formation, thanks to enhanced dispersive e¤ects induced by the repulsive electrostatic interaction. This is in stark contrast to the pure Euler equations for a compressible neutral gas. For the Euler-Poisson system for describing a selfgravitating star, mathematical advances have been made in local well-posedness of free boundary of the edge of the star, stability and instability of the celebrated Lane-Emden stars, global in time dynamics of an expanding star, as well as examples of gravitational collapse of a star. In particular, global in time dynamics of an expanding gas ball for the pure Euler equations can also be constructed as a consequence. These exciting new developments and mathematical techniques have opened up new lines of research in the PDE study of hyperbolic balance laws in higher dimensions.