Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral Response Behavior in Single-Layer Organic Semiconductor Devices in Relation to its Absorption Spectrum

Improved understanding of spectral response in organic semiconductor devices can be useful for building better performing devices as well as using them for newer optoelectronic applications. The nature of the spectral response for single-layer organic semiconductor devices depends on the dominant charge carrier (either electron or holes) in the absorbing layer. The exponential dependence of charge carrier mobility on electric field means that the applied bias and absorption layer thickness can affect and possibly help tune the spectral response of the device. In this paper, the spectral response for such devices has been modeled and the parameters and conditions determining either antibatic or symbatic response with respect to the absorption spectrum of the active layer have been presented. The spectral responses in a donor-type poly (3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) as well as an acceptor-type fullerene-C 60 single-layer devices have been analyzed with the help of the model. Besides giving insight into the optoelectronic phenomenon, the results point to the ability to tune organic semiconductor device spectral response that can be useful for optical demultiplexing applications.
Ultrahigh-contrast saturated-absorption resonance to enhance stability of CPT atom clocks

The results of detailed experimental and theoretical investigations of new nonlinear effect in the field of saturated-absorption spectroscopy of atom vapours are presented. The effect consists in observation of a high-contrast natural-linewidth absorption spike when 133Cs atoms are being irradiated by the bichromatic counterpropagating laser beams. The results obtained can be useful in various fields of modern laser physics and applications where saturated-absorption resonances are used. For instance, the effect has been already implemented in the coherent-population-trapping atom clocks to enhance stabilization of optical frequencies and to improve stability of the clocks on the whole.
Ultrahigh dose-rate FLASH irradiation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice

Pulsed, ultrahigh dose-rate irradiation is safer than standard radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer and selectively spares normal tissue. Safer Radiation for the Lung Radiation is used to treat a variety of tumor types, including lung cancer. Unfortunately, radiation-induced damage to the surrounding healthy lung is a major problem, which can cause long-term complications and limits the amount of radiation that can be safely delivered to the tumor. Favaudon et al. now present a technology called FLASH, which allows the delivery of pulsed, ultrahigh dose-rate irradiation, which causes less damage to the healthy lung than conventional radiotherapy in mouse models. The authors confirmed that FLASH is effective against tumor cells but causes little damage to normal tissue. These results suggest that FLASH radiation may be a viable option for treating lung tumors, although this will need to be confirmed in human patients. In vitro studies suggested that sub-millisecond pulses of radiation elicit less genomic instability than continuous, protracted irradiation at the same total dose. To determine the potential of ultrahigh dose-rate irradiation in radiotherapy, we investigated lung fibrogenesis in C57BL/6J mice exposed either to short pulses (≤500 ms) of radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rate (≥40 Gy/s, FLASH) or to conventional dose-rate irradiation (≤0.03 Gy/s, CONV) in single doses. The growth of human HBCx-12A and HEp-2 tumor xenografts in nude mice and syngeneic TC-1 Luc+ orthotopic lung tumors in C57BL/6J mice was monitored under similar radiation conditions. CONV (15 Gy) triggered lung fibrosis associated with activation of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor–β) cascade, whereas no complications developed after doses of FLASH below 20 Gy for more than 36 weeks after irradiation. FLASH irradiation also spared normal smooth muscle and epithelial cells from acute radiation-induced apoptosis, which could be reinduced by administration of systemic TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor–α) before irradiation. In contrast, FLASH was as efficient as CONV in the repression of tumor growth. Together, these results suggest that FLASH radiotherapy might allow complete eradication of lung tumors and reduce the occurrence and severity of early and late complications affecting normal tissue.
In search of smart public governance: the case of Lithuania

Faced with rapidly changing economic and societal pressures and complex public policy problems, governments must respond proactively to new challenges. It is just one of the characteristics of being smart. This article analyses the recently introduced concept of smart public governance, a concept that requires better conceptualization. This article defines the characteristics and criteria of smart public governance and suggests an instrument for its assessment. Piloting of the methodology at the central government level in Lithuania suggests that the Lithuanian system of public governance cannot yet be considered a smart social system. Some characteristics of smartness are already well expressed, and some positive examples do exist. However, smart public governance is not yet a part of Lithuania’s government culture. Points for practitioners The article advances the concept of smart public governance by discussing and refining key dimensions of this construct and attempts to operationalize these dimensions and various sub-dimensions using empirically testable indicators. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework, we present empirical results based on an expert survey of top public executives in Lithuania. These results, first, provide a theoretically grounded assessment of smart public governance within the Lithuanian system of central government and, second, point to those areas of public governance that need to be strengthened.
Smoking habits and tar levels in a new American Cancer Society prospective study of 1.2 million men and women.

In 1982 the American Cancer Society (ACS) enrolled over 1.2 million American men and women in a prospective mortality study of cancer and other causes in relation to environmental and life-style factors. Biennial follow-up is planned through 1988. At the time of enrollment, 23.6% of the men and 20.0% of the women were current smokers of cigarettes. Compared with a similar ACS study of 1 million subjects enrolled 23 years earlier, among men the proportion of current smokers was halved and that of ex-smokers doubled, while among women the proportion of ever-smokers increased by 10% and that of ex-smokers quadrupled. Most smokers of filter cigarettes had smoked nonfiltered cigarettes earlier in life. The median year for switching to filters was 1964, the year of the first Surgeon General's report. More than one-third of male smokers' and one-half of female smokers' current brands had tar yields below 12 mg; less than 9% of male smokers' and 4% of female smokers' current brands had tar yields of 20.2 mg or more (nonfilters). The study population differed in many respects from the general U.S. population; the study population had, for example, a much higher average educational level. Nevertheless, distributions of smoking habits changed a few percentage points after adjustment to the educational level of the general population.
On full calibration of hybrid local volatility and regime‐switching models

Calibrating local regimeâ€ switching models is a challenging problem, especially when the volatility functions are assumed to depend on both of the underlying price and time. In this paper, the inverse problem of determining local volatility functions is firstly established and then solved through the Tikhonov regularization to obtain the optimal solution, which is achieved iteratively through a newly designed numerical algorithm. While our numerical tests with artificial data show that our algorithm can provide quite accurate and stable results, its performance with the involvement of real market data have been further demonstrated using options written on the S&P 500 index.
Detection of various platelet‐associated immunoglobulins by flow cytometry in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

In 1975, Dixson reported that anti‐platelet IgG on platelets from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is greater than in normal people, by determining anti‐platelet antibodies directly on the platelet surface with a quantitative complement lysis–inhibition–assay. Since then, platelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) has been thought of as evidence of ITP. Although platelets from ITP patients show significantly higher PAIgG values than from normal control individuals, PAIgG is not specific for autoantibody because it increases in other than immune ITP patients.
Comparative genomics identifies a cis‐regulatory module that activates transcription in specific subsets of neurons in Ciona intestinalis larvae

The larval nervous system of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis exhibits an abstract form of the vertebrate nervous system. The Ci‐Gαi1 gene, which encodes a G‐protein α subunit, is specifically expressed in distinct sets of neurons in C. intestinalis larvae, including papillar neurons of the adhesive organ, ocellus photoreceptor cells, and cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). A GFP reporter gene driven by the 4.2‐kb 5′ flanking region of Ci‐Gαi1 recapitulated the endogenous gene expression patterns. Comparative genomic analysis of the Gαi1 gene between C. intestinalis and Ciona savignyi identified an 87‐bp highly conserved non‐coding sequence located between –3176 and –3090 bp upstream of the gene. Deletion of this conserved upstream sequence resulted in the complete loss of reporter expression in the central nervous system, while reporter expression in the adhesive organ and mesenchyme cells remained unaffected. The conserved upstream sequence can activate gene expression from basal promoters in the brain vesicle, although it requires additional cis‐regulatory sequences to fully activate the CNS‐specific gene expression. These results suggest that different types of central neurons share a common transcriptional activation mechanism that is different from that of papillar neurons.
A broadcasting method based on RTS/CTS for an ad-hoc network

An ad-hoc network, which does not require a base station such as an access point, has a hidden node problem because nodes communicating in the same time cannot know each other's communication status. In other hand, in the wireless infrastructure network the access point manages the communication with the node using RTS (Request to Send) and CTS (Clear to Send). However, in the broadcasting, we cannot use RTS/CTS method because the number of target nodes is not 1 but more than 2. In this paper, we propose a broadcasting method based on RTS/CTS to avoid this problem. Sender node selects the target node. And they communicate with each other. Neighbouring nodes can listen to these packets. Then sender node can broadcast its information to multi nodes. We use wireless nodes specified by IEEE 802.15. 4 which is the physical layer's specification. And our experiment results show the effective transmission.
Causal Interaction between FDI, Capital Formation, Trade and Economic Growth: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Analysis

This paper investigates the significance of FDI, capital formation, trade openness, and economic growth in the international scope by classifying data into six regions. The annual datasets consist of 169 countries over the period 1990-2015 were employed. Panel cointegration, panel causality, variance decomposition, and impulse response were deployed to document long- and short-run relationships, to establish the most important macroeconomic variables for economic growth and to assign the proportion of them that explain economic growth. The results show that FDI, CP, TRD, and GDP are linked over the long-run, whereas short-run analysis presents attractive mixed results over six geographic classifications.
Recommendations for additional imaging in radiology reports: multifactorial analysis of 5.9 million examinations.

PURPOSE To quantify the rates of recommendation for additional imaging (RAI) in a large number of radiology reports of different modalities and to estimate the effects of 11 clinically relevant factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA compliant research was approved by the institutional review board under an expedited protocol for analyzing anonymous aggregated radiology data. All diagnostic imaging examinations (n = 5 948 342) interpreted by radiologists between 1995 and 2008 were studied. A natural language processing technique specifically designed to extract information about any recommendations from radiology report texts was used. The analytic data set included three quantitative variables: the interpreting radiologist's experience, the year of study, and patient age. Categoric variables described patient location (inpatient, outpatient, emergency department), whether a resident dictated the case, patient sex, modality, body area studied, ordering service, radiologist's specialty division, and whether the examination result was positive. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of each of these factors on likelihood of RAI while holding all others equal. RESULTS Recommendations increased during the 13 years of study, with the unadjusted rate rising from roughly 6% to 12%. After accounting for all other factors, the odds of any one examination resulting in an RAI increased by 2.16 times (95% confidence interval: 2.12, 2.21) from 1995 to 2008. As radiologist experience increased, the odds of an RAI decreased by about 15% per decade. Studies that had positive findings were more likely (odds ratio = 5.03; 95% confidence interval: 4.98, 5.07) to have an RAI. The remaining factors also had significant effects on the tendency for an RAI. CONCLUSION The likelihood of RAI increased by 15% for each decade of radiologist experience and roughly doubled over 13 years of study.
Metabolic syndrome and nutrition in a Granada's tropical coast population.

BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as an association of health problems that a given person may simultaneously or successively develop, and it is considered a serious condition because it is related to a significantly increased risk of suffering diabetes, coronary disease and brain damage. Nutrition, along with other factors such as physical activity and genetic inheritance, has an influence on preventing MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to demonstrate important aspects concerning the diagnosis, the prevalence, and the prevention of metabolic syndrome among the population of the tropical coast of Granada. METHODS 119 individuals from the tropical coast of Granada were studied to collect personal data such as their body mass index, body fat percentage, glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and food intake (through nutritional survey). RESULTS As a result of this research, a metabolic syndrome prevalence of 20,2% was obtained, 58,3% of which was related to women. The results obtained show significant statistical differences between individuals having metabolic syndrome and the control group. Particularly, these differences can be noted in parameters such as the BMI or the % of body fat. Nevertheless, there are no significant differences between the two groups concerning parameters related to nutrition such as % of fat, carbohydrates, proteins and kcal/day. CONCLUSION As a conclusion from the research, we can state that the metabolic syndrome prevalence among the population of the tropical coast of Granada is similar to the figure obtained for the population in the US and in other areas of Spain. In addition, this research shows that metabolic syndrome is more frequent among individuals whose BMI and % of body fat is higher than 30.
Sustainable technology adoption: a spatial analysis of the Irish Dairy Sector

This article explores spatial effects in the adoption of sustainable technologies using Bayesian spatial probit models employing a representative sample of Irish dairy farms. We consider global and local spatial effects, and overcome a missing neighbour problem by implementing census data in our spatial weight matrix. The findings reveal that spatial effects spill over to neighbours and better educated farmers with larger more intensively managed farms being more likely to adopt. The article concludes with policy recommendations that arise from our spatial analysis.
English Language Curricula: A Comparison of University English Departments in a Chinese Province

Abstract Many higher education institutions around the world have established quality control systems to maintain standards. This study reports on the issue of comparing English language curricula by means of an institutional review in a northeast province in China in 2012. The study was essentially a qualitative inquiry with data collected online through documents submitted by the institutions and through semi-structured follow-up interviews. Thirty-seven participants from 12 institutions participated in the study. Research findings indicated that curriculum orientations varied across institutions and were reflected in their curriculum designs. Such a modus operandi, it is anticipated, may shed useful light on the understanding of curriculum reform currently being conducted in China in light of the rising demand for, and the needs of, internationalized and localized curricula, as well as providing an understanding of curricula at various institutions.
Effects of smoking and drinking habits on the incidence of periodontal disease and tooth loss among Japanese males: a 4-yr longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss, associated with habits of smoking and alcohol consumption, in a longitudinal study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 1332 Japanese males, 30-59 yr of age, who were free from periodontal disease at the baseline check-up, and who underwent a second check-up 4 yr later. Periodontal disease was diagnosed using the community periodontal index score, based on the clinical probing of pocket depth (> or = 4 mm). Smoking and alcohol consumption patterns were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of smoking and the incidence of periodontal disease in each age group. The overall odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), adjusted for age and alcohol, were 1.51 (0.95-2.22), 1.58 (1.13-2.22) and 2.81 (1.96-4.03), among smokers consuming 1-19, 20 or 21 or more cigarettes per day, respectively, with a significant linear trend (p < 0.0001). A similar association was found between smoking and tooth loss, except for the 50-59-yr-old age group. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.26 (0.60-2.64), 2.01 (1.21-2.32) and 2.06 (1.23-3.48), respectively. A significant linear trend between smoking and tooth loss was also observed (p = 0.01). Ex-smokers showed no significant difference compared with nonsmokers. We also found a significant linear trend between alcohol consumption and tooth loss among 30-39-yr-old subjects, while no relationship was observed between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking was found to be an independent risk factor for periodontal disease and tooth loss. Alcohol consumption was a limited risk factor for tooth loss in the younger age group, but was unrelated to periodontal disease. To prevent periodontal disease and tooth loss, health practitioners need to encourage people to stop smoking or not to start.
Nocturnal melatonin onset is phase locked to the primary sleep gate.

In this study, we used the "ultrashort sleep-wake paradigm" (7/13), which measures sleep propensity three times an hour for 29 h, from 0700 to 1200 the next day, on 6 healthy male subjects concomitantly with melatonin plasma level. Melatonin was measured once an hour during the morning and early afternoon of the first day and three times an hour from 1600 to 1000 the following morning. Rectal temperature was measured continuously for four subjects. Subjects underwent the 7/13 paradigm three times, and in all three sessions consistent phase relationships were found between the nocturnal onset of melatonin secretion and opening of the nocturnal sleep gate; also, there was an inverse relationship between melatonin and core body temperature and an almost perfect out-of-phase relationship between sleep propensity and temperature, with the temperature peak falling precisely in the middle of the "forbidden zone" for sleep, i.e., the early evening nadir in sleepiness. On the basis of these phase relationships and previous findings from our laboratory on the effects of exogenous melatonin on the sleep propensity function, we conclude that melatonin participates in sleep-wake regulation in humans.
Ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequence: a comparison of newer methods used for its determination, and its use in phylogenetic analysis.

Phylogenetic analysis has changed dramatically over the last few years as a result of the introduction of new molecular biological techniques. One of these, ribosomal RNA sequencing, is being used to infer higher-order relationships by laboratories around the world. In this paper we describe and then compare three methods that can be used to give at least partial sequences of ribosomal RNA, and describe how they can be used to provide data for phylogenetic analysis of taxa at different taxonomic levels.
The effect of pre-cooling intensity on cooling efficiency and exercise performance

Abstract Although pre-cooling is known to enhance exercise performance, the optimal cooling intensity is unknown. We hypothesized that mild cooling opposed to strong cooling circumvents skin vasoconstriction and thermogenesis, and thus improves cooling efficiency reflected in improved time to exhaustion. Eight males undertook three randomized trials, consisting of a pre-cooling and an exercise session. During the pre-cooling, performed in a room of 24.6 ± 0.4°C and 24 ± 6% relative humidity, participants received either 45 min of mild cooling using an evaporative cooling shirt or strong cooling using an ice-vest. A no-cooling condition was added as a control. Subsequent cycling exercise was performed at 65%[Vdot]O2peak in a climatic chamber of 29.3 ± 0.2°C and 80 ± 3% relative humidity. During the pre-cooling session, mild and strong cooling decreased the skin blood flow compared with the control. However, no differences were observed between mild and strong cooling. No thermogenesis was observed in any conditions investigated. The reduction of body heat content after pre-cooling was two times larger with strong cooling (39.5 ± 8.4 W · m−2) than mild cooling (21.2 ± 5.1 W · m−2). This resulted in the greatest improvement in time to exhaustion with strong cooling. We conclude that the cooling intensities investigated had a similar effect on cooling efficiency (vasoconstriction and thermogenesis) and that the improved performance after strong cooling is attributable to the greater decrease in body heat content.
Double half-ring flat CP-antenna for multifrequency applications

Antenna for mobile terminal of satellite navigation and/or terrestrial communication systems is proposed. The novel design presented here takes two half-ring patches of different radii, fed by a single microstrip line via a crossed slots in the ground plane, to produce an antenna with a CP axial ratio < 3 dB, and 2.0%-impedance bandwidth. Dimensions of the antenna parts are determined approximately as for conventional annular-ring microstrip patch operating in the TM11 mode. As an example, an antenna designed for an Iridium satellite communication terminal operating over the band from 1.60 to 1.63 GHz with CP is presented. This antenna can be designed as a multi-band (1.7÷17 GHz), with orthogonal linear polarizations, and re-used in many communications systems operation.