Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-step attack pattern discovery method based on graph mining

One fundamental challenge for Alert Correlation(AC) is to learn attack strategies. Attack graph is one of the most commonly used models to describe attack patterns(strategies), however, attack graph generating technology is far from practical. There are two general approaches to generate attack graphs. The first uses graph based search technology to find the paths of possible attacks, such as model checking, assumes that the premises and consequences of the attacks are known. And the other makes use of statistical method, such as frequent sequence mining, try to find the relationship of attacks in the dimension of time. In this paper, we proposed a graph mining based approach to discover attack patterns for attack graph generating. Firstly, we propose a new structure ECG, and transform sequential events into ECG, in which their time sequential and space relations is reserved. Moreover, we propose a DAG mining algorithm to discovery the frequent graph patterns from the ECG, and finally transform the graph patterns into attack graph. Different to existing methods, our method finds relationship of attacks in the dimension of both time and space, so that it can detect attacks more concisely. The effectiveness and efficiency of the approach is validated by DARPA 1999, 2000 intrusion detection evaluation datasets. As far as we know, this is the first time to discover knowledge of attack based on graph mining.
Analysis of gene expression changes in Trichophyton rubrum after skin interaction

Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic and cosmopolitan fungus, is the most common agent of superficial mycoses. In this study, T. rubrum infection was modelled by adding human skin sections to a limited medium containing glucose and cDNA microarrays were used to monitor T. rubrum gene expression patterns on a global level. We observed that exposure to human skin resulted in upregulation of the expression levels of T. rubrum genes related to many cellular and biological processes, including transcription and translation, metabolism and secondary transport, the stress response, and signalling pathways. These results provide a reference set of T. rubrum genes whose expression patterns change upon infection and reveal previously unknown genes that most likely correspond to proteins that should be considered as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets for T. rubrum infection.
Investigating a thematic approach to narrative generation

Adaptive hypermedia aims to create a tailored experience for users and with narrative generation this dynamic content can be in the form of engaging stories. Narrative generation systems range from the automatic generation of bespoke stories to the representation of existing information as narrative. However narrative generation systems often produce bland and unvaried stories. In this paper we propose that the inclusion of themes will enrich the resulting narrative and explore how a prototype thematic system might be integrated with existing methods of narrative generation. This investigation reveals that integration at the generation of story elements is important to avoid constraints on desired themes, that the detailed characters fundamental to character centric narrative generation make integration difficult, and that integration must be done carefully to avoid damaging the resulting narrative.
A projection-free decentralized algorithm for non-convex optimization

This paper considers a decentralized projection free algorithm for non-convex optimization in high dimension. More specifically, we propose a Decentralized Frank-Wolfe (DeFW) algorithm which is suitable when high dimensional optimization constraints are difficult to handle by conventional projection/proximal-based gradient descent methods. We present conditions under which the DeFW algorithm converges to a stationary point and prove that the rate of convergence is as fast as O(l/√T), where T is the iteration number. This paper provides the first convergence guarantee for FrankWolfe methods applied to non-convex decentralized optimization. Utilizing our theoretical findings, we formulate a novel robust matrix completion problem and apply DeFW to give an efficient decentralized solution. Numerical experiments are performed on realistic and synthetic data to support our findings.
DrugScoreRNAKnowledge-Based Scoring Function To Predict RNA-Ligand Interactions

There is growing interest in RNA as a drug target due to its widespread involvement in biological processes. To exploit the power of structure-based drug-design approaches, novel scoring and docking tools need to be developed that can efficiently and reliably predict binding modes and binding affinities of RNA ligands. We report for the first time the development of a knowledge-based scoring function to predict RNA-ligand interactions (DrugScoreRNA). Based on the formalism of the DrugScore approach, distance-dependent pair potentials are derived from 670 crystallographically determined nucleic acid-ligand and -protein complexes. These potentials display quantitative differences compared to those of DrugScore (derived from protein-ligand complexes) and DrugScoreCSD (derived from small-molecule crystal data). When used as an objective function for docking 31 RNA-ligand complexes, DrugScoreRNA generates "good" binding geometries (rmsd (root mean-square deviation) < 2 A) in 42% of all cases on the first scoring rank. This is an improvement of 44% to 120% when compared to DrugScore, DrugScoreCSD, and an RNA-adapted AutoDock scoring function. Encouragingly, good docking results are also obtained for a subset of 20 NMR structures not contained in the knowledge-base to derive the potentials. This clearly demonstrates the robustness of the potentials. Binding free energy landscapes generated by DrugScoreRNA show a pronounced funnel shape in almost 3/4 of all cases, indicating the reduced steepness of the knowledge-based potentials. Docking with DrugScoreRNA can thus be expected to converge fast to the global minimum. Finally, binding affinities were predicted for 15 RNA-ligand complexes with DrugScoreRNA. A fair correlation between experimental and computed values is found (RS = 0.61), which suffices to distinguish weak from strong binders, as is required in virtual screening applications. DrugScoreRNA again shows superior predictive power when compared to DrugScore, DrugScoreCSD, and an RNA-adapted AutoDock scoring function.
DRM Encryption System using the Key Exchange with Matrix Puzzle

This paper proposes more various key generation algorithms than conventional encryption method, and more secure encryption method that does not keep each symmetric key of key generation algorithm in server. After implementing proposed system, we verify the system using various sizes of video data. We get the fact that proposed system can reduce the delay time of encryption and decryption at the replay of video data
Gravitational couplings of orientifold planes

We reanalyse the gravitational couplings of the perturbative orientifold planes Op−, Op+ (and D-branes). We first compute their D−1 instantonic corrections for p = 3. Then, by using U-dualities, we obtain the Wess-Zumino terms of orientifolds with RR flux for p ≤ 5. The expressions for the effective actions can be partially checked via M-theory. We point out a previous oversimplification and we show in fact that the difficulty still stands in the way of the full computation of 7 Brane instanton corrections.
Design of Matching Circuits for Microstrip Triplexers Based on Stepped-Impedance Resonators

New matching circuits for microstrip triplexers are proposed based on half-wavelength tapped-connected (or fed) stepped-impedance resonators. The stepped-impedance resonators play important roles for the matching circuits, either to serve as a through pass at the center frequency of a bandpass filter or to provide a short circuit at the center frequency of another bandpass filter. First, three tapped-connected stepped-impedance resonators together with suitable branch transmission lines are utilized to develop the matching circuits for a microstrip triplexer. The design procedure for these matching circuits is much simpler than that for the conventional triplexer structures due to the use of tapped-connected stepped-impedance resonators. Second, to reduce the number of stepped-impedance resonators and to improve the spurious resonances associated with the proposed matching circuits, modified matching circuits for the triplexer are also proposed. Agreement between measured and simulated results is observed and supports the usefulness of the design procedure
Generating structured implementation schemes from UML sequence diagrams

In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a use case describes a particular functionality a system can perform by interacting with outside actors. A realization of a use case can be given as a set of sequence diagrams. The paper discusses how to generate structured implementation schemes represented as pseudocode from a set of sequence diagrams in UML. The proposed approach can be applied to any set of sequence diagrams, allowing the user to view the implementations of operation bodies as implied by this set of sequence diagrams, and to merge the different views into a single implementation scheme that can be used as a starting point for the actual implementation. We show how these techniques can be exploited in a UML-based CASE environment by augmenting an automatically generated class diagram with UML notes describing implementation schemes for individual operations. The described techniques have been implemented in a real CASE environment.
Spin systems on hypercubic Bethe lattices: a Bethe–Peierls approach

We study spin systems on Bethe lattices constructed from d-dimensional hypercubes. Although these lattices are not tree-like, and therefore closer to real cubic lattices than Bethe lattices or regular random graphs, one can still use the Bethe–Peierls method to derive exact equations for the magnetization and other thermodynamic quantities. We compute phase diagrams for ferromagnetic Ising models on hypercubic Bethe lattices with dimension d = 2, 3, and 4. Our results are in good agreement with the results of the same models on d-dimensional cubic lattices, for low and high temperatures, and offer an improvement over the conventional Bethe lattice with connectivity k = 2 d ? > .
Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Stochastic Multi-objective Combined Heat and Power Dispatch

A new stochastic formulation of multi-objective optimization for Combined Heat and Power Economic Dispatch (CHPED) is presented. Both power and heat demand are treated as random variables. Optimization is the art of obtaining optimum result under given circumstance. This paper presents Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to solve CHPED. The three objective function to be minimized are 1.Total generation cost 2. The expected power generation deviation 3. The expected heat generation deviation. As these objectives are in conflict with each other only a non-inferior solution can be reached. The constraint satisfaction technique has been applied to reduce the computation time and improve the quality of the solution. A fuzzy decision index is proposed here to provide the best compromise solution among all objectives and constraints and a means of maximizing the most underachieved objective. In order to prove the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm a test system with seven generators is considered. Among the seven first four is conventional power units, fifth and sixth are cogeneration units and seventh is heat only unit. The results show that the proposed method is practical and valid for real time applications.
Organizational innovation culture and firms’ new product performance in two emerging markets: The moderating effects of institutional environments and organizational cohesion

Abstract As a source of competitive advantages for firms, innovation has boosted scholars’ interest in the identification of its main determinants from the perspective of organizational culture. However, there is a lack of research on innovation cultures in the context of emerging markets. Based on survey data from 433 manufacturing firms (331 Chinese firms and 102 Vietnamese firms), this study addresses this research gap using a hierarchical regression analysis to explore the impact of organizational innovation culture on firms’ new product performance and to examine the moderating effects of institutional environments and organizational cohesion on this relationship. We find that there are positive relationships between organizational innovation culture and firms’ new product performance. In contrast to recent research on organizational cohesion, we report that organizational cohesion has both a direct, positive effect on new product performance and a positive moderating role in organizational innovation culture and firms’ new product performance. Furthermore, regarding the institutional environment in the context of emerging markets, we find that the effects of organizational innovation culture on firms’ new product performance are stronger in China than in Vietnam. Therefore, this paper enriches organizational culture research by providing a multidimensional theoretical framework and extends institutional theory in the context of emerging markets by examining the moderating effect of institutional environments on the relationship between organizational innovation culture and firms’ new product performance in both China and Vietnam.
Sex Hormones and Competitive Bidding

We correlate competitive bidding and profits in symmetric independent private value first-price auctions with salivary testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol in more than 200 subjects. Bids are significantly positively correlated and profits are significantly negatively correlated with basal salivary progesterone, but only for females who do not use hormonal contraceptives. Surprisingly, we have null findings for basal testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol for both males and females. We show that our finding for progesterone is not mediated by risk aversion or bidding mistakes. No hormone responds to total profits in the auctions except for a small positive response of the stress hormone cortisol in males. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2014. 1959 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm for inferring User Search Goals with Feedback Sessions

2 Abstract: For a broad-topic and ambiguous query, different users may have different search goals when they submit it to a search engine. The inference and analysis of user search goals can be very useful in improving search engine relevance and user experience. The project proposes a novel approach to infer user search goals by analyzing search engine query logs. First, it proposes a framework to discover different user search goals for a query by clustering the proposed feedback sessions. The feedback session is defined as the series of both clicked and unclicked URLs and ends with the last URL that was clicked in a session from user click-through logs. Second, the pseudo-documents are produced to better represent the feedback sessions for clustering. The pseudo-documents are clustered using Fuzzy C Means, the fuzzy similarity based self- constructing algorithm. A novel optimization method is used to map feedback sessions to pseudo-documents which can efficiently reflect user information needs and finally, a new criterion "Classified Average Precision (CAP)" is used to evaluate the performance of inferring user search goals. Experimental results are presented using user click-through logs from a commercial search engine to validate the effectiveness.
Comparison of tiotropium once daily, formoterol twice daily and both combined once daily in patients with COPD

This study compared the bronchodilator effects of tiotropium, formoterol and both combined in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 71 COPD patients (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 37% predicted) participated in a randomised, double-blind, three-way, crossover study and received tiotropium 18 μg q.d. , formoterol 12 μg b.i. d. or both combined q.d. for three 6-week periods. The end-points were 24-h spirometry (FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC)) at the end of each treatment, rescue salbutamol and safety. Compared with baseline (FEV1 prior to the first dose in the first period), tiotropium produced a significantly greater improvement in average daytime FEV1 (0–12 h) than formoterol (127 versus 86 mL), while average night-time FEV1 (12–24 h) was not different (tiotropium 43 mL, formoterol 38 mL). The most pronounced effects were provided by combination therapy (daytime 234 mL, night-time 86 mL); both differed significantly from single-agent therapies. Changes in FVC mirrored the FEV1 results. Compared with both single agents, daytime salbutamol use was significantly lower during combination therapy (tiotropium plus formoterol 1.81 puffs·day−1, tiotropium 2.41 puffs·day−1, formoterol 2.37 puffs·day−1). All treatments were well tolerated. In conclusion, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, tiotropium q.d. achieved a greater improvement in daytime and comparable improvement in night-time lung function compared with formoterol b.i. d. A combination of both drugs q.d. was most effective and provided an additive effect throughout the 24-h dosing interval.
Theoretical Orientation for Readability Assessment in Bengali Language of Extension Literatures Related to Farming

Readability of a text generally refers to how well a reader can comprehend the content of a text, through reading. Readability is closely related to the understandability of the messages. Extension education is an applied behavioural science. Its main purpose is to bring about desirable changes in human behaviour usually through different strategies and programme of change and by applying the latest scientiﬁc and technological innovations where extension messages are sent largely through text. In Bengali language, only a few works on readability is found but their study is restricted to broad range of documents like newspaper article, short stories, interviews, and blogs to philosophical articles but there is no such research done on readability of Bengali extension literatures targeting the farming community. So, there is a need for studying on readability of Bengali extension literature for promotion of agricultural education. Assessment of readability of Bengali extension literatures is an imperative task for promotion of agriculture education among the millions of farmers who speaks and read in Bengali language across this subcontinent and Bangladesh with a view that the text messages become more understandable to the target audience. In this context the present theoretical orientation had been prepared with the objectives to measure the readability of Extension literatures in Bengali Language related to farming. Apart from that the analytical tools or procedures used in readability assessment of a Bengali text associated with farming extension literature were also summarized.
Potassium-Coupled Chloride Cotransport Controls Intracellular Chloride in Rat Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Chloride (Cl−) homeostasis is critical for many cell functions including cell signaling and volume regulation. The action of GABA at GABAA receptors is primarily determined by the concentration of intracellular Cl−. Developmental regulation of intracellular Cl− results in a depolarizing response to GABA in immature neocortical neurons and a hyperpolarizing or shunting response in mature neocortical neurons. One protein that participates in Cl− homeostasis is the neuron-specific K+–Cl− cotransporter (KCC2). Thermodynamic considerations predict that in the physiological ranges of intracellular Cl− and extracellular K+ concentrations, KCC2 can act to either extrude or accumulate Cl−. To test this hypothesis, we examined KCC2 function in pyramidal cells from rat neocortical slices in mature (18–28 d postnatal) and immature (3–6 d postnatal) rats. Intracellular Cl− concentration was estimated from the reversal potential of whole-cell currents evoked by local application of exogenous GABA. Both increasing and decreasing the extracellular K+ concentration resulted in a concomitant change in intracellular Cl−concentration in neurons from mature rats. KCC2 inhibition by furosemide caused a change in the intracellular Cl−concentration that depended on the concentration of pipette Cl−; in recordings with low pipette Cl−, furosemide lowered intracellular Cl−, whereas in recordings with elevated pipette Cl−, furosemide raised intracellular Cl−. In neurons from neonatal rats, manipulation of extracellular K+ had no effect on intracellular Cl− concentration, consistent with the minimal KCC2 mRNA levels observed in neocortical neurons from immature animals. These data demonstrate a physiologically relevant and developmentally regulated role for KCC2 in Cl− homeostasis via both Cl− extrusion and accumulation.
Quantum theory on Lobatchevski spaces

In this paper, we set up a general formalism for dealing with quantum theories on a Lobatchevski space, i.e. a spatial manifold that is homogeneous, isotropic and has negative curvature. The heart of our approach is the construction of a suitable basis of plane waves which are eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami operator relative to the geometry of the curved space. These functions were previously introduced in the mathematical literature in the context of group theory; here we revisit and adapt the formalism in a way specific for quantum mechanics. Our developments render dealing with Lobatchevski spaces, which used to be quite difficult and a source of controversies, easily tractable. Applications to the Milne and de Sitter universes are discussed as examples.
Early fault detection with model-based testing

Current and future trends for software include increasingly complex requirements on interaction between systems. As a result, the difficulty of system testing increases. Model-based testing is a test technique where test cases are generated from a model of the system. In this study we explore model-based testing on the system level, starting from early development. We apply model-based testing to a subsystem of a message gateway product in order to improve early fault detection. The results are compared to another subsystem that is tested with hand-crafted test cases. Based on our experiences, we present a set of challenges and recommendations for system-level, model-based testing. Our results indicate that model-based testing, starting from early development, significantly increases the number of faults detected during system testing.
Collecting machine-translation-aided bilingual dialogues for corpus-based speech translation

A huge bilingual corpus of English and Japanese is being built at ATR Spoken Language Translation Research Laboratories in order to enhance speech translation technology, so that people can use a portable translation system for traveling abroad, dining and shopping, as well as hotel situations. As a part of these corpus construction activities, we have been collecting dialogue data using an experimental translation system between English and Japanese. The purpose of this data collection is to study the communication behaviors and linguistic expressions preferred in front of such systems. We use human typists to transcribe the users’ utterances and input them into a machine translation system between English and Japanese instead of using speech recognition systems. In this paper, we present an overview of our activities and discussionsbased on the basic characteristics.