Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBTI aware IG-FinFET based SRAM design using adaptable trip-point sensing technique

The progressive scaling demands effort from both the circuit and the device level, to cope with circuit variability and reliability issues. Advent of FinFET technology has suppresses the short channel effects and variability, but still suffers with self heating problem consequently increases temporal degradations. In this paper, we investigate severity of Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and proposes an adaptable trip point sensing based compensation technique to satisfy performance metrics for NBTI aware Independent Gate (IG) FinFET based SRAM. Simulation results are carried out using HSPICE with PTM 32nm IG-FinFET technology demonstrate that threshold voltage deviates from its nominal value by 17%, causing 6% and 13% degradation in SNM and RNM, respectively under NBTI degradation at 125°C for 3 years. The proposed technique yields 42% reduced read failures under NBTI. Thus, proposed approach improves the stability of SRAM array during its operational life and hence, reliability of the system.
Influence of childhood behaviour on the reporting of chronic widespread pain in adulthood: results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether childhood behaviour is associated with the likelihood of chronic widespread pain (CWP) in adulthood, and any such relationship is mediated through adult psychological distress, using a large population-based birth cohort. METHODS A prospective cohort study (the 1958 British Birth Cohort) was conducted. Participants were enrolled at birth in 1958, and followed up throughout childhood and adulthood. Data on childhood behaviour were collected from parents and teachers. Data regarding pain were collected at the age of 45 years by self-completion questionnaire. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression, adjusting for gender, social class in childhood and adulthood, childhood common symptoms and adult psychological distress. RESULTS CWP was slightly more common in adult females than males (12.9 vs 11.7%). There was an increased likelihood of reporting CWP at the age of 45 years with every unit increase in teacher-reported behaviour score at 16 (RR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02, 1.05), 11(RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01, 1.03) and 7 years (RR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00, 1.02) of age. Those with scores indicating severe behaviour disturbances at 11 and 16 years of age had an increased likelihood of CWP in adulthood (RR 1.95; 95% CI 1.47, 2.59 and RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.18, 2.42, respectively). The strongest association was seen among those indicating persistent behaviour problems at 7, 11 and 16 years (RR 2.14; 95% CI 1.43, 3.21) of age, compared with those without at all three ages. Similar but slightly weaker associations were shown for parent-reported behaviour. CONCLUSION Maladjusted (social) behaviour is associated with increased long-term CWP beyond childhood and adolescence.
Where Do Se-trees Perform? (part I)

As a classiier, a Set Enumeration (SE) tree can be viewed as a generalization of decision trees. We empirically characterize domains in which SE-trees are particularly advantageous relative to decision trees. Speciically, we show that: 1. SE-trees excel in domains in which relatively few examples are available; and 2. SE-trees excel in noisy domains. In noisy domains, we discover that SE-trees perform more consistently (measured by the variance in error) in one part of the spectrum, and less consistently in the other; in the lack of noise, we nd that SE-trees are almost invariably more consistent than their decision tree counterparts. Finally, we develop a simple complexity measure based on a target function's syntactic form, and show that SE-trees enjoy a particular advantage in more complex domains.
Banking System Stability: A Cross-Atlantic Perspective

This paper derives indicators of the severity and structure of banking system risk from asymptotic interdependencies between banks%u2019 equity prices. We use new tools available from multivariate extreme value theory to estimate individual banks%u2019 exposure to each other (%u201Ccontagion risk%u201D) and to systematic risk. Moreover, by applying structural break tests to those measures we study whether capital markets indicate changes in the importance of systemic risk over time. Using data for the United States and the euro area, we can also compare banking system stability between the two largest economies in the world. Finally, for Europe we assess the relative importance of cross-border bank spillovers as compared to domestic bank spillovers. The results suggest, inter alia, that systemic risk in the US is higher than in the euro area, mainly as cross-border risks are still relatively mild in Europe. On both sides of the Atlantic systemic risk has increased during the 1990s.
Epiluminescence microscopy for the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic skin lesions. Comparison of the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy and a new 7-point checklist based on pattern analysis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the reliability of a new 7-point checklist based on simplified epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) pattern analysis with the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy and standard pattern analysis for the diagnosis of clinically doubtful melanocytic skin lesions. DESIGN In a blind study, ELM images of 342 histologically proven melanocytic skin lesions were evaluated for the presence of 7 standard criteria that we called the "ELM 7-point checklist. " For each lesion, "overall" and "ABCD scored" diagnoses were recorded. From a training set of 57 melanomas and 139 atypical nonmelanomas, odds ratios were calculated to create a simple diagnostic model based on identification of major and minor criteria for the "7-point scored" diagnosis. A test set of 60 melanomas and 86 atypical nonmelanomas was used for model validation and was then presented to 2 less experienced ELM observers, who recorded the ABCD and 7-point scored diagnoses. SETTINGS University medical centers. PATIENTS A sample of patients with excised melanocytic lesions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the models for diagnosing melanoma. RESULTS From the total combined sets, the 7-point checklist gave a sensitivity of 95% and a sepcificity of 75% compared with 85% sensitivity and 66% specificity using the ABCD rule and 91% sensitivity and 90% specificity using standard pattern analysis (overall ELM diagnosis). Compared with the ABCD rule, the 7-point method allowed less experienced observers to obtain higher diagnostic accuracy values. CONCLUSIONS The ELM 7-point checklist provides a simplification of standard pattern analysis because of the low number of features to identify and the scoring diagnostic system. As with the ABCD rule, it can be easily learned and easily applied and has proven to be reliable in diagnosing melanoma.
Integrating empty category detection into preordering Machine Translation

We propose a method for integrating Japanese empty category detection into the preordering process of Japanese-to-English statistical machine translation. First, we apply machine-learning-based empty category detection to estimate the position and the type of empty categories in the constituent tree of the source sentence. Then, we apply discriminative preordering to the augmented constituent tree in which empty categories are treated as if they are normal lexical symbols. We find that it is effective to filter empty categories based on the confidence of estimation. Our experiments show that, for the IWSLT dataset consisting of short travel conversations, the insertion of empty categories alone improves the BLEU score from 33.2 to 34.3 and the RIBES score from 76.3 to 78.7, which imply that reordering has improved For the KFTT dataset consisting of Wikipedia sentences, the proposed preordering method considering empty categories improves the BLEU score from 19.9 to 20.2 and the RIBES score from 66.2 to 66.3, which shows both translation and reordering have improved slightly.
Computing the center of planar point sets

Given a collection H of n lines in the plane, the level of a point x is the number of lines of H lying below x or passing thru x. We show that for a given k, one can compute the convex hull of the set of points of level k, in time O(n log 4 n). This implies that a description of the set of centerpoints of a given n-point set in the plane can be found within the same time bound, and a point of greatest Tukey depth (Tukey median) for a n-point set can be computed in time O(n log 5 n). We also mention the computation of an approximate centerpoint in higher dimension.
A density based method for automatic hairstyle discovery and recognition

This paper presents a novel method for discovery and recognition of hairstyles in a collection of colored face images. We propose the use of Agglomerative clustering for automatic discovery of distinct hairstyles. Our method proposes automated approach for generation of hair, background and face-skin probability-masks for different hairstyle category without requiring manual annotation. The probability-masks based density estimates are subsequently applied for recognizing the hairstyle in a new face image. The proposed methodology has been verified with a synthetic dataset of approximately thousand images, randomly collected from the Internet.
Plasma Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Prolactin is important in human breast development, and substantial laboratory and in vitro data suggest a role in mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Nurses’ Health Study cohort to examine, in detail, the association between plasma prolactin concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer by cancer invasiveness, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status, and other subject characteristics, including postmenopausal hormone use. Blood samples were collected from 1989 to 1990 and prolactin was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. The analysis included 851 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2000, in which there were one or two controls (n = 1,275) matched on age, postmenopausal hormone use, fasting status, and time of day and month of blood collection. Prolactin was associated with a modestly increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [relative risk, top versus bottom quartile, 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.76; P-trend = 0.01]. The association differed by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). The relative risk was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.28, 2.50; P-trend < 0.001) for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.43, 1.32; P-trend = 0.28) for estrogen receptor−/progesterone receptor−, and 1.94 (95% CI, 0.99, 3.78; P-trend = 0.12) for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor− breast cancers. Associations generally were similar for ductal and lobular carcinomas (P-heterogeneity = 0.43) and by tumor size (P-heterogeneity = 0.24). Among estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ cancers, the association did not significantly differ by postmenopausal hormone use, years between blood draw and diagnosis, or after adjustment for estradiol (relative risk, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.16, 3.22; P-trend = 0.01). Our prospective data suggest that plasma prolactin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ cancers, and independently of estradiol.
Informational Content of Option Volume Prior to Takeovers

This paper examines the information embedded in both the stock and option markets prior to takeover announcements. During normal periods, buyer-seller initiated stock volume imbalances are significant predictors of next-day stock returns and option volume imbalances are uninformative. However, prior to takeover announcements, call volume imbalances are strongly positively related to next-day stock returns. Cross-sectional analysis shows that those takeover targets with the largest pre-announcement call-imbalance increases experience the highest announcement-day returns. The largest increase in buyer-initiated trading activity is in short-term out-of-the-money calls that subsequently experience the largest returns. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the presence of pending extreme informational events, the options market plays an important role in price discovery.
Can We Disentangle Risk Aversion from Intertemporal Substitution in Consumption

vThe consumption asset pricing framework implies that asset prices may be used to investigate the properties of consumption. An important property of consumption is its elasticity of intertemporal substitution which measures the willingness of individuals to move consumption between time periods in response to changes in interest rates and has important implications for the effectiveness of monetary policy and the behavior of the business cycle. However, consumption asset pricing models typically assume a power utility function in which the elasticity of intertemporal substitution cannot be disentangled from the coefficient of relative risk aversion. While the Epstein-Zin utility function breaks this link, extant empirical tests of this specification have not been able to disentangle these parameter. We argue that this failure arises because data previously used does not properly capture the time dimension needed to accurately estimate the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. We use term structure data, in particular â€œforwardâ€ portfolios which more accurately measure movements across points on the term structure. We find that the Epstein-Zin specification is consistent with out term structure data and we are able to clearly disentangle the elasticity of intertemporal substitution from the coefficient of relative risk aversion.
Driving Difficulties and Adaptive Strategies: The Perception of Individuals Having Sustained a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Introduction. After a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), individuals quickly resume driving. However, relatively little is known about the impact of mTBI on driving ability and, notably, on the perceived influence of postconcussive symptoms on driving. Hence, the objective of this study was to document the perception of driving abilities in individuals with mTBI. Method. Twenty-seven drivers with mTBI were interviewed to document their perception regarding their driving abilities. Both driving-related difficulties and compensatory strategies used to increase driving safety were documented. A mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data was completed. Results. 93% of participants reported at least one difficulty perceived as having an impact on everyday activities. Most frequently named problems affecting driving were fatigue and reduced concentration. In addition, 74% of participants had adapted their driving or developed strategies to compensate for driving difficulties. Discussion/Conclusion. Postconcussive symptoms have repercussions on driving ability. However, people with mTBI tend to be aware of their difficulties and develop, over time, adaptive strategies. Preventive measures are thus warranted to increase health care professionals' awareness of the potential consequences of mTBI on driving ability and to promote guidelines for the safe resumption of driving after injury.
Donor Risk Index and MELD Score Interactions in Graft Survival Prediction after Liver Transplantation. An Analysis of the OPTN-UNOS Database

Donor Risk Index (DRI) has been introduced to predict post-transplant graft survival (GS) using donor data. The MELD score, which is the gold-standard in scoring liver disease in liver transplant candidates, has a low prognostic significance. The present analysis is aimed to assess the role of DRI and of MELD score in predicting the outcome after liver transplantation, in short (180 days) and medium term (1460 days). The Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) database relevant to 23.392 consecutive cases in the MELD era was used. Cases were stratified in classes according to DRI (4 classes), MELD (6 classes), and DRI-MELD match (24 classes). GS was assessed by Kaplan Meier method at 0-1460 days. Differences were tested by Log-rank test. All three parameters allow an effective stratification. Using the DRI, the gaps between the highest and lowest GS were 7.8% and 14.9%, at 180 and 1460 days, respectively. Using the MELD score, the gaps were 10.2% and 9.5%, respectively. Using DRI-MELD, the gaps were 25.5% and 35.4%, respectively. Both the DRI and the MELD can predict the outcome, although the predictive power of the DRI is the highest of the two, and the predictive power of the donor- recipient match, is even higher.
Plenoptic Particle Streak Velocimetry ( pPSV ) : 3 D 3 C fluid flow measurement from light fields with a single plenoptic camera

In this paper we present a novel technique of measuring 3D3C fluid flow with a single plenoptic camera. The camera employs the so-termed Plenoptic 2.0 principle with a microlens array outside the focal point of the main lens. High accuracy is achieved by long integration times of the camera, leading to the visualization of particle streaks. These can be reconstructed from the recoded light field. We tested our approach on a convection driven turbulent flow. The measurement technique captures the fluid flow very well. Our measurements indicate an accuracy of better than 1% relative error.
Disentangling the black hole vacuum

We study the question of whether disentanglement of Hawking radiation can be achieved with any local operation. We assume that the operation we look for is unitary, from which follow restrictions on its action on basis vectors. This allows us to formulate requirements on the operation of disentanglement. We then show that these requirements can be fulfilled by a timelike boundary condition in the near-horizon area and that the local observer does not notice the presence of the boundary and does not encounter a firewall.
Must Original Sin Cause Macroeconomic Damnation

Original sin, coupled with other financial imperfections, causes macroeconomic penance of two kinds: adverse shocks have larger and more persistent effects and monetary policy becomes less effective as a shock absorber. But macroeconomic damnation is not inevitable: in some cases, suitable changes in money and exchange rates can still partially stabilize output, investment and consumption.
Gravitational Lensing of Rays through the Levitating Atmospheres of Compact Objects

Electromagnetic rays travel on curved paths under the influence of gravity. When a dispersive optical medium is included, these trajectories are frequency-dependent. In this work we consider the behaviour of rays when a spherically symmetric, luminous compact object described by the Schwarzschild metric is surrounded by an optically thin shell of plasma supported by radiation pressure. Such levitating atmospheres occupy a position of stable radial equilibrium, where radiative flux and gravitational effects are balanced. Using general relativity and an inhomogeneous plasma we find the existence of a stable circular orbit within the atmospheric shell for low-frequency rays. We explore families of bound orbits that exist between the shell and the compact object, and identify sets of novel periodic orbits. Finally, we examine conditions necessary for the trapping and escape of low-frequency radiation.
Characterization of Multiple Groups of Data

In this paper we propose a new approach for computing characterizations of sets of data by means of partially defined Boolean functions. The main objective is to provide minimal sets of characters that allows the user to discriminate groups of Boolean data representing individuals described by means of presence or absence of characters. Compared to previous approaches, our algorithms are more efficient and are able to compute complete sets of solutions, which may be useful according to our underlying application domain in plant biology.
Tuxedo: A Peer-to-Peer Caching System

We are witnessing two trends in Web content access: (a) increasing amounts of dynamic and personalized Web content, and (b) a significant growth in “on-the-move” access using various mobile resource-constrained devices by nomadic users. Web caching and the content distribution network (CDN) are popular solutions for improving Web access latency and have the effect of moving content closer to the client. However, these solutions typically do not work well with dynamically generated and personalized content. Transcoding is a popular solution to resolve server-client mismatches (device heterogeneity), but is unable to benefit from caching in general. These trends necessitate revisiting the traditional Web caching and CDN approaches. In this paper, we proposed Tuxedo, a peer-to-peer caching system, that complements to existing hierarchical-based Web caching for efficient delivery of Web content and value-added edge services. Tuxedo allows multiple caches (peers) to efficiently share not only original Web documents, but also computing resources for transcoding (by sharing transcoded versions) and other value-added edge services. The novelty of Tuxedo includes an adaptive neighbor set algorithm for different Web servers, and a hierarchical cache digest for sharing of transcoded versions and value-added services. Together, these two protocols contribute to the scalable and decentralized features of the Tuxedo system.
The Effects of Short-Lasting Anti-Saccade Training in Homonymous Hemianopia with and without Saccadic Adaptation

Homonymous Visual Field Defects (HVFD) are common following stroke and can be highly debilitating for visual perception and higher level cognitive functions such as exploring visual scene or reading a text. Rehabilitation using oculomotor compensatory methods with automatic training over a short duration (~15 days) have been shown as efficient as longer voluntary training methods (>1 month). Here, we propose to evaluate and compare the effect of an original HVFD rehabilitation method based on a single 15 min voluntary anti-saccades task (AS) toward the blind hemifield, with automatic sensorimotor adaptation to increase AS amplitude. In order to distinguish between adaptation and training effect, 14 left- or right-HVFD patients were exposed, 1 month apart, to three trainings, two isolated AS task (Delayed-shift and No-shift paradigm), and one combined with AS adaptation (Adaptation paradigm). A quality of life questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) and functional measurements (reading speed, visual exploration time in pop-out and serial tasks) as well as oculomotor measurements were assessed before and after each training. We could not demonstrate significant adaptation at the group level, but we identified a group of nine adapted patients. While AS training itself proved to demonstrate significant functional improvements in the overall patient group, we could also demonstrate in the sub-group of adapted patients and specifically following the adaptation training, an increase of saccade amplitude during the reading task (left-HVFD patients) and the Serial exploration task, and improvement of the visual quality of life. We conclude that short-lasting AS training combined with adaptation could be implemented in rehabilitation methods of cognitive dysfunctions following HVFD. Indeed, both voluntary and automatic processes have shown interesting effects on the control of visually guided saccades in different cognitive tasks.