Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective Bayesian Neural Network Classifier with a Comparison Study to Support Vector Machine

We propose a new Bayesian neural network classifier, different from that commonly used in several respects, including the likelihood function, prior specification, and network structure. Under regularity conditions, we show that the decision boundary determined by the new classifier will converge to the true one. We also propose a systematic implementation for the new classifier. In our implementation, the tune of connection weights, the selection of hidden units, and the selection of input variables are unified by sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the network structure and connection weights. The numerical results show that the new classifier consistently outperforms the commonly used Bayesian neural network classifier and the support vector machine in terms of generalization performance. The reason for the inferiority of the commonly used Bayesian neural network classifier and the support vector machine is discussed at length.
Drosophila Huntingtin-Interacting Protein 14 Is a Presynaptic Protein Required for Photoreceptor Synaptic Transmission and Expression of the Palmitoylated Proteins Synaptosome-Associated Protein 25 and Cysteine String Protein

Palmitoylation affects the trafficking, stability, aggregation, and/or functional activity of a substantial number of neuronal proteins. We identified mutations in dHIP14, the Drosophila homolog of the human palmitoyl transferase, Huntingtin-interacting protein 14 (HIP14). HIP14 was previously reported to localize primarily to Golgi and to palmitoylate the neuronal proteins synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95), GAD65, Synaptotagmin, and Huntingtin in mammalian neurons. We find dHIP14 to be an essential maternal effect gene required for photoreceptor synaptic transmission and for proper in vivo expression of the palmitoylated presynaptic proteins SNAP-25 and cysteine string protein. In non-neuronal cells in the fly, dHIP14 protein is found in Golgi. However, in fly neurons, we find dHIP14 primarily in presynaptic terminals, something we also observe with HIP14. In mammalian neurons, we also find a significant fraction of HIP14 colocalizing with a synaptic vesicle marker. Based on localization of the palmitoyl transferase HIP14 within the presynaptic nerve terminal, we propose palmitoylation as a possible mechanism that may be operating to rapidly regulate synaptic efficacy.
An exploration of high school students’ perspectives on critical thinking and creativity in the Health Management and Social Care subject

Abstract This study explored students’ perspectives on the abilities acquired through a subject called Health Management and Social Care (HMSC), which was launched under Hong Kong’s new senior secondary curriculum. The first public examination for the subject was conducted in 2012. A qualitative design was adopted in the present study, with focus group interviews carried out with 123 students recruited from seven schools. Two major themes were identified via content analysis: (i) critical thinking and creativity in HMSC; and (ii) applications of critical thinking and creativity in HMSC with two subthemes (a) health/social care promotions on campus and (b) social services in communities. Both the implications and limitations of the study for health-related subjects were discussed.
Wireless Sensor Network based movement classification using wrist-mounted 9DOF sensor boards

In this paper, a new, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based, movement recognition system is introduced, which uses wrist-mounted Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) motes equipped with 9 degree of freedom (9DOF) sensor boards. The 9DOF sensor board is built up from a tri-axial accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer. Different arm movements can be used to detect emergency situations. In order to recognize specific arm movements in stationary positions and also during the movement of the body, eleven movement classes were constructed. Measurement data for all classes were collected from nine subjects, and used for training and validation of the system. Different time-domain features (TDF) were calculated in the processing windows. The recognition rates were tested with different sensors, features, window sizes and window shifts.
A mean shift algorithm based on modified Parzen window for small target tracking

This paper addresses the problem of small scale target tracking. The divided-by-zero problem in the weight computation of mean shift algorithm and its associated tracking interrupt problem are presented. To tackle these problems, the Parzen window density estimation method is modified to interpolate the histogram of the target candidate. Then the Kullback-Leibler distance is employed as a new similarity measure between the target model and the target candidate. Its corresponding weight computation and new location expressions are derived. On the basis of these works, we propose a new small target tracking algorithm using mean shift framework. The tracking experiments for real world video sequences show that the proposed algorithm can track the target successively and accurately. It can successfully track very small targets with only 6×12 pixels.
On Isomorphism of "Functional" Intersection and Union Types

Type isomorphism is useful for retrieving library components, since a function in a library can have a type different from, but isomorphic to, the one expected by the user. Moreover type isomorphism gives for free the coercion required to include the function in the user program with the right type. The present paper faces the problem of type isomorphism in a system with intersection and union types. In the presence of intersection and union, isomorphism is not a congruence and cannot be characterised in an equational way. A characterisation can still be given, quite complicated by the interference between functional and non functional types. This drawback is faced in the paper by interpreting each atomic type as the set of functions mapping any argument into the interpretation of the type itself. This choice has been suggested by the initial projection of Scott's inverse limit lambda-model. The main result of this paper is a condition assuring type isomorphism, based on an isomorphism preserving reduction.
GENERIC IMPLEMENTATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE OPERATORS When Harry's C++ Code Met Sally's Algorithms

Several libraries dedicated to mathematical morphology exist. But they lack genericity, that is to say, the ability for operators to accept input of dierent natures —2D binary images, graphs enclosing floating values, etc. We describe solutions which are integrated in Olena, a library providing morphological operators. We demonstrate with some examples that translating mathematical formulas and algorithms into source code is made easy and safe with Olena. Moreover, experimental results show that no extra costs at run-time are induced.
Emotional speech recognition based on style estimation and adaptation with multiple-regression HMM

This paper proposes a technique for emotional speech recognition which enables us to extract paralinguistic information as well as linguistic information contained in speech signal. The technique is based on style estimation and style adaptation using multiple-regression HMM. Recognition process consists of two stages. In the first stage, a style vector that represents the emotional expression category and intensity of its variation of input speech is estimated on a sentence-by-sentence basis. Then the acoustic models are adapted using the estimated style vector and standard HMM-based speech recognition is performed in the second stage. We assess the performance of the proposed technique on the recognition of acted emotional speech uttered by both professional narrators and non-professional speakers and show the effectiveness of the technique.
Technology for the Copyright Protection of Digital Image

“Good artists imitate, great artists steal”. Ironically, this quote by Picasso started to appear, out of context, on a number of Web sites, as a disclaimer by site owners who collect other artists’ work and display it on their pages. However arrogant, such attitude is a reminder that digital images are very easy to reproduce and abuse, and that protection of digital intellectual property is fast becoming a prominent issue. The technology for enforcing such protection is advancing rapidly and has already reached commercialization. Notable examples of its use include IBM’s Vatican Library project [12, 21], and the recent adoption1 by Fratelli Alinari of commercially available digital watermarking technology, for protecting the digital version of its vast collection of photographs. Despite these promising commitments, researchers caution potential users as to the current limitations of the technology, warning that effective attacks can be designed and that no media content can be considered completely invulnerable. Currently, some watermarks can be successfully destroyed using free, publicly available software. Caution is also suggested by the lack of legal precedents on the resolution of digital copyright infringement lawsuits. Digital storage technology and wide-spread access to public data networks provide an unprecedented opportunity for making valuable content available to a vast public, and yet risks for copyright protection still exist. In this survey paper, we offer a non-opinionated introduction to the multifaceted and controversial issues surrounding content protection technology. While we deliberately avoid suggesting definite solutions, we hope to provide valuable information to those faced with the dilemma.
Low mass pre-main sequence stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud II. HST-WFPC2 observations of two fields in the 30 Doradus region

As a part of an ongoing effort to characterise the young stellar populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud, we present HST-WFPC2 broad and narrow band imaging of two fields with recent star formation activity in the Tarantula region. A population of objects with Hα and/or Balmer continuum excess was identified. On account of the intense Hα emission (equivalent widths up to several tens of A), its correlation with the Balmer continuum excess and the stars’ location on the HR diagram, we interpret them as low mass (∼1−2 M� ) Pre-Main Sequence stars. In this framework, the data show that coeval high and low mass stars have significantly different spatial distributions, implying that star formation processes for different ranges of stellar masses are rather different and/or require different initial conditions. We find that the overall slope of the mass function of the young population is somewhat steeper than the classical Salpeter value and that the star formation density of this young
Creating a machine-readable version of Bulgarian valence dictionary ( A case study of CLaRK system application ) 1

The wide application of the valence dictionary motivated us to create an electronic version of it and also to make further transformations over this machine-readable form. The electronic form will be used further for various linguistic applications (building an HPSG lexicon of Bulgarian, support of the syntactic annotation of Bulgarian sentences, syntactic generalizations over classes of verbs, etc. see Section 4). Additionaly, the electronic form of the dictionary will provide information for topdown filtering during partial parsing of Bulgarian texts. The building of the electronic form was supported by the CLaRK system (Simov et al 2001).
Changes that users demanded in the human interface to the Hermes Message System

The Hermes Message System has evolved in response to the needs and criticisms of users. This paper gives examples of some less than successful features, many of which have been changed, so that future designers will know what didn't work, as well as what does. Principles derived from this experience are: (a) What you see should be what you can type. (b) Commands and syntax should be uniform. (c) Commands and objects should be organized into groups. (d) Hierarchy is great for organizing things you know about but much less useful for finding things you don't know. Even with careful design, it is impossible to predict what users will dislike so it is important to design programs so they can be easily changed.
Blocks of Limited Haplotype Diversity Revealed by High-Resolution Scanning of Human Chromosome 21

Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation (haplotypes) defined by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have important implications for identifying disease associations and human traits. We have used high-density oligonucleotide arrays, in combination with somatic cell genetics, to identify a large fraction of all common human chromosome 21 SNPs and to directly observe the haplotype structure defined by these SNPs. This structure reveals blocks of limited haplotype diversity in which more than 80% of a global human sample can typically be characterized by only three common haplotypes.
A Proposed Diagnostic Scheme for People with Epileptic Seizures and with Epilepsy: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) made a major contribution when it established standardized classifications and terminology for epileptic seizures and syndromes. This provided a universal vocabulary that not only facilitated communication among clinicians, but also established a taxonomic foundation for performing quantitative clinical and basic research on epilepsy. Much, however, has changed since the adoption of the currently used Classification of Epileptic Seizures in 1981 (1) and the Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in 1989 (2). Consequently, the Executive Committee of the ILAE, which took office in July 1997, agreed that review and revision of the current classification system would be a priority for this Executive term. A Task Force on Classification and Terminology was appointed, which divided itself into four working groups concerned with Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Events; Seizures; Syndromes and Diseases; and Impairment. During the course of several meetings and vigorous e-mail discussions, the Task Force agreed that it would not be possible to replace the current international classifications with similar revised and updated classifications that would be universally accepted and meet all the clinical and research needs such a formal organizational system would be expected to provide. Rather, the Task Force is proposing a diagnostic scheme that makes use of standardized terminology and concepts to describe individual patients (Table 1). Within this diagnostic scheme, a variety of approaches to classification are possible, and some are presented here by way of example only. The Task Force views the development of specific classifications as a continuing work in progress. Flexible and dynamic classifications will be revised periodically based not only on rapidly emerging new information, but also on the resolution of problems that will inevitably be identified through use. At this point, the proposal does include several definitive changes in concepts and terminology (Table 2), and classifications are presented as examples of what could be devised in the future.
Terrestrial Free Space LDPC Coded MIMO Optical Link

In the present paper we study a terrestrial, line-of-sight free space optical (FSO) communication link using non-repetitive MIMO scheme with On OFF Keying (OOK) signal over turbulent propagation medium described by Gamma-Gamma PDF channel. Due to its underlying low complexity, VBLAST-ZF (Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time Zero Forcing) detection mechanism is exploited at the receiver side to increase overall spectral efficiency and channel capacity. The variable rate Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are employed to enhance the performance of the link.
Pseudo-random phase precoded spatial modulation and precoder index modulation

Spatial modulation (SM) is a transmission scheme that uses multiple transmit antennas but only one transmit RF chain. At each time instant, only one among the transmit antennas will be active and the others remain silent. The index of the active transmit antenna will also convey information bits in addition to the information bits conveyed through modulation symbols. Pseudo-random phase precoding (PRPP) is a technique that can achieve high diversity orders even in single antenna systems without the need for channel state information at the transmitter and transmit power control. In this paper, we exploit the advantages of both SM and PRPP simultaneously. We propose a pseudo-random phase precoded SM (PRPP-SM) scheme, where both the modulation bits and the antenna index bits are precoded by pseudo-random phases. The proposed PRPP-SM system gives significant performance gains over SM system without PRPP and PRPP system without SM. Since maximum likelihood (ML) detection becomes exponentially complex in large dimensions, we propose a low complexity local search based detection (LSD) algorithm suited for PRPP-SM systems with large precoder sizes. Our simulation results show that with 4 transmit antennas, 1 receive antenna, 5 × 20 pseudo-random phase precoder matrix and BPSK modulation, the performance of PRPP-SM using ML detection is better than SM without PRPP with ML detection by about 9 dB at 102 BER. This performance advantage gets even better for large precoding sizes. We also propose a precoder index modulation (PIM) scheme, which conveys additional information bits through the choice of a precoding matrix among a set of pre-determined PRPP matrices. Finally, combining the PIM and PRPP-SM schemes, we propose a PIM-SM scheme which conveys bits through both antenna index as well as precoder index.
Lévy-like Distribution Shown by Intermittent Search Model with Misunderstanding Switch Pattern

In an intermittent random search, in which slow motion to detect the target is discretely separated from the motion to migrate to another feeder, the high efficiency of the Levy strategy is generally found, meaning that the time interval of phase switching is chosen from the Levy distribution. Though the Levy strategy is consistent with the searching behavior of real animals, some researchers claim that the Levy-like distributions exhibited by animals are not necessarily produced by a Levy process. Here, we propose an intermittent two-phase search model that does not include a Levy process. In this model, the agent is basically a correlated random walker (CRW), but it memorizes its trajectory and counts the number of crossovers in a trajectory. If the number exceeds a threshold, the agent resets the memory of trajectories and makes ballistic movement in the direction uncorrelated to the past. We also show that this model can optimize the trade-off between macro search (exploration) and micro search (exploitation), which is shown by the CRW. Finally, we demonstrate that another intermittent search model that uses an ambiguous rule to switch the two phases can show a Levy-like distribution of time intervals.
Autoscheduling in a Shared Memory Multiprocessor

This paper describes the implementation of autoscheduling on shared memory multiprocessors. Autoscheduling is a model of computation that provides efficient support for multiprocessing and multiprogramming in a general purpose multiprocessor by exploiting parallelism at different levels of granularity. The vehicle for implementing autoscheduling is the hierarchical task graph (HTG), an intermediate program representation that encapsulates the information on control and data dependencesat all levels. In this paper we discuss the fundamentals of autoscheduling and describe how the HTG can be used by an autoscheduling compiler to generate object code that exploits the parallelism present in the program. We also discuss several implementations issues for autoscheduling in shared memory processors. Validation and performance measurements of the autoscheduled code are accomplished by means of an instruction-level multiprocessor simulator. Our results show that autoscheduling can effectively use the processors in a multiprocessor, and enables us to exploit additional parallelism in a program, resulting in better speedup figures.
KWB: An Automated Quick News System for Chinese Readers

We present an automated quick news system called KWB. KWB crawls and collects around the clock news items from over 120 news websites in mainland China, eliminates duplicates, and retrieves a summary of up to 600 characters for each news article using a proprietary summary engine. It then uses a Labeled-LDA classifier to classify the remaining news items into 19 categories, computes popularity ranks called PopuRank of the newly collected news items in each category, and displays the summaries of news items in each category sorted according to PopuRank together with a picture, if there is any, on http://www.kuaiwenbao. com and mobile apps. We will describe in this paper the system architecture of KWB, the data crawler structure, the functionalities of the central database, and the definition of PopuRank. We will show, through experiments, the running time of obtaining PopuRank. We will also demonstrate the use of KWB.
The Correlation between F-wave Motor Unit Number Estimation (F-MUNE) and Functional Recovery in Stroke Patients

The aim of this study was to follow up the changes in the number of motor units according to the Brünnstrom stage through a motor unit number estimation of the F-wave (F-MUNE) after a stroke, and to identify the functional significance of F-MUNE. Twenty-five patients (15 men, 10 women) with a first unilateral stroke were recruited. The maximal M-potential was evoked by the supramaximal stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist, and the maximal stimulation intensity was determined on both hemiplegic and unaffected hands. The reproducible all-or-none F-wave was evoked in 30% of the maximal stimulation intensity and was constantly stimulated at that level. The prototypes of the F-wave were chosen, and the values of F-MUNE were calculated by dividing the amplitude of the maximal M-potential by the mean amplitude of the F-prototype. The changes in F-MUNE were compared according to the progression of the Brünnstrom stage and correlated with those of the functional scales. The mean motor unit numbers decreased significantly in the hemiplegic side compared with the unaffected side. According to the progression of the Brünnstrom stage, the values of F-MUNE were reduced significantly by increasing the amplitude and recruitment of the F-prototype, and the functional scores also improved. These results show that the F-MUNE equation did not show a functional recovery-related increase in stroke patients.