Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PIXEL CLASSIFICATION: A FUZZY-GENETIC APPROACH

In this paper a fuzzy method for pixel classification is proposed. It is one of the most important results of the development of an inspection system for a silk-screen printing process. The classification algorithm is applied to a reference image in the initial step of the printing process in order to obtain regions which are to be checked by applying different criteria. Tight limitations in terms of computation speed have necessitated very specific, efficient methods which operate locally. These methods are motivated and presented in detail in the following. Furthermore, the optimization of the parameters of the classification system with genetic algorithms is discussed. Finally, the genetic approach is compared with other probilistic optimization methods.
Intake and Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala Dried Leaves as Supplements to Cassava Peels

An 84-day feeding trial was employed to investigate dried leaves of Moringa oleifera (MOR), Leucaena leucocephala (LEU) and Gliricidia sepium (GLI) as supplements to cassava peels by 16 growing West African Dwarf goats, with a mixed concentrate (MC) of groundnut cake and wheal offals (50:50) as the reference supplement. Feed intakes, weight gain, feed conversion (FCR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) were monitored. Crude protein contents of the browse leaves were high and ranged from 21.64 to 28.86 % for GLI and LEU respectively. Dry matter intakes ranged from 3.55 to 4.12 % of body weights for animals on gliricidia leaf and mixed concentrates supplements respectively. MOR supplementation resulted in an average weight gain of 20.83 g/animal/day, comparable (P 0.05) lower than the corresponding values of 16.54 and 2.74 for animals on the MC supplement. The high potentials of MOR for replacing expensive concentrates as supplements to a wide array of fibrous crop residues, as represented by cassava peels, were demonstrated by the results of this study. Keywords: WAD goats, concentrate feeding, cassava peels, Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala
A new measure of nystagmus acuity.

AIM To construct a new visual acuity measuring function for congenital nystagmus (CN) patients by studying the relationships between acuity, velocities and positions of the eye. METHODS After assessing the relationship between acuity, movement velocities and positions of the eye separately, a new function, which we call the automated nystagmus acuity function (ANAF), was constructed to measure the visual acuity of CN patients. Using a high-speed digital video system working at 500 frames per second, each eye was calibrated during monocular fixation. Twenty-six recorded nystagmus data were selected randomly. Using nystagmus waveforms, the best vision position (foveation period) and visual acuity were analyzed in three groups of subjects, and then all outputs were compared with the well-known expanded nystagmus acuity function (NAFX) and ANAF. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize the outputs of the two programs. RESULTS Foveation periods were brief intervals in the CN waveform when the image was on or near the fovea and eye velocity was relatively slow. Results showed good visual acuity happened during the period when velocity was low and the eye position was near the zero position, which fitted the foveation periods. The data analyzed with NAFX and ANAF had a correlation coefficient of 0.934276, with an average error of -0.00973. CONCLUSION The results from ANAF and NAFX analyses showed no significant difference. The NAFX manually identifies foveation eye positions and produces accurate measurements. The ANAF, however, can be calculated simply using the factors eye position and velocity, and it automatically calculates the ANAF without the need to manually identify foveation eye positions.
Outcomes by sex following treatment initiation with atazanavir plus ritonavir or efavirenz with abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine.

BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate treatment responses to atazanavir plus ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV) in initial antiretroviral regimens among women and men, and determine if treatment outcomes differ by sex. METHODS We performed a randomized trial of open-label ATV/r or EFV combined with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 1857 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected, treatment-naive persons enrolled between September 2005 and November 2007 at 59 sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. Associations of sex with 3 primary study endpoints of time to virologic failure, safety, and tolerability events were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Model-based population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM version VII). RESULTS Of 1857 participants, 322 were women. Women assigned to ATV/r had a higher risk of virologic failure with either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone than women assigned to EFV, or men assigned to ATV/r. The effects of ATV/r and EFV upon safety and tolerability risk did not differ significantly by sex. With ABC/3TC, women had a significantly higher (32%) safety risk compared to men; with TDF/FTC, the safety risk was 20% larger for women compared to men, but not statistically significant. Women had slower ATV clearance and higher predose levels of ATV compared to men. Self-reported adherence did not differ significantly by sex. CONCLUSIONS This is the first randomized clinical trial to identify a significantly earlier time to virologic failure in women randomized to ATV/r compared to women randomized to EFV. This finding has important clinical implications given that boosted protease inhibitors are often favored over EFV in women of childbearing potential. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00118898.
Recursive Dynamically Variable Step Search Motion Estimation Algorithm for High Definition Video

For High Definition (HD) video formats, computational complexity of Full Search (FS) Motion Estimation (ME) algorithm is prohibitively high, whereas the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio obtained by fast search ME algorithms is low. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Recursive Dynamically Variable Step Search (RDVSS) ME algorithm for real-time processing of HD video formats. RDVSS algorithm dynamically determines the search patterns that will be used for each Macro block (MB) based on the motion vectors of its spatial and temporal neighboring MBs. RDVSS performs very close to FS by searching much fewer search locations than FS and it outperforms successful fast search ME algorithms by searching more search locations than these algorithms. In addition, RDVSS algorithm can be efficiently implemented by a reconfigurable systolic array based ME hardware.
Common Space Embedding of Primal-Dual Relation Semantic Spaces

Explicit continuous vector representation such as vector representation of words, phrases, etc. has been proven effective for various NLP tasks. This paper proposes a novel method of constructing such vector representation for both entity-pairs and relation expressions which link them in text. Based on the insight of the duality of relations, the representation is constructed by embedding of two separately constructed semantic spaces, one for entity-pairs and the other for relation expressions, into a common semantic space. By representing the two different types of objects (i.e. entity-pairs and relation expressions) in the same semantic space, we can treat the two tasks, relation mining and relation expression mining (a.k.a. pattern mining), systematically and in a unified manner. The approach is the first attempt to construct a continuous vector representation for expressions whose validity can be explicitly checked by their proximities to known sets of entity-pairs. We also experimentally validate the effectiveness of the common space for relation mining and relation expression mining.
HERG sequence correction.

Since our 7 July 1995 report “HERG, a human inward rectifier in the voltage-gated potassium channel family” was published ([1][1]), two previously undetected differences between our expression clone and the published nucleotide sequence ([2][2]) have been identified: T593A, yielding amino acid change V198E; and C605T, yielding P202L. These differences are thought to be the result of artifacts generated by use of the polymerase chain reaction technique. The fundamental consequence of the two mutations is a variable reduction of inward rectification. Full characterizations of the mutant and the wild type phenotypes will appear in a subsequent report. 1. 1. [↵][3] 1. M. C. Trudeau 2. et al. , Science 269, 92 (1995). [OpenUrl][4][Abstract/FREE Full Text][5] 2. 2. [↵][6] 1. J. W. Warmke, 2. B. Ganetzky , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3438 (1994). [OpenUrl][7][Abstract/FREE Full Text][8] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text" [4]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.issn%253D0036-8075%26rft.aulast%253DTrudeau%26rft.auinit1%253DM. %26rft.volume%253D269%26rft.issue%253D5220%26rft.spage%253D92%26rft.epage%253D95%26rft.atitle%253DHERG%252C%2Ba%2Bhuman%2Binward%2Brectifier%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bvoltage-gated%2Bpotassium%2Bchannel%2Bfamily%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.7604285%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F7604285%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjExOiIyNjkvNTIyMC85MiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjI2OiIvc2NpLzI3Mi81MjY1LzEwODMuMTEuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9 [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2. in text" [7]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DPNAS%26rft.stitle%253DProc. %2BNatl. %2BAcad. %2BSci. %2BUSA%26rft.issn%253D0027-8424%26rft.aulast%253DWarmke%26rft.auinit1%253DJ. %2BW. %26rft.volume%253D91%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D3438%26rft.epage%253D3442%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Bfamily%2Bof%2Bpotassium%2Bchannel%2Bgenes%2Brelated%2Bto%2Beag%2Bin%2BDrosophila%2Band%2Bmammals. %26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1073%252Fpnas.91. 8.3438%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8159766%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [8]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoicG5hcyI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiI5MS84LzM0MzgiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNjoiL3NjaS8yNzIvNTI2NS8xMDgzLjExLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==
Electromechanical Behavior of  ${\hbox{Bi}}_{2}{\hbox{Sr}}_{2}{\hbox{CaCu}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{\rm x}$  Conductor Using a Split Melt Process for React-Wind-Sinter Magnet Fabrication

A new approach to magnet fabrication, react, wind and sinter (RWS), has been proposed for Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212), magnets. In this process, the conventional Bi2212 heat treatment is split into two portions, and the magnet is wound between these heat treatments. Here we report results on the RWS "split melt process". Significant increases in Ic are obtained in Bi2212 round wires compared to standard melt processing. Strain effect measurements, using the Lorentz force, indicate that RWS wires have similar mechanical performance as wind and react wires. Effects of the split melt temperature on the electromechanical properties are also reported. These results show that split melt processing and RWS magnet fabrication are viable approaches for Bi2212 conductors and magnets.
Single-Phase Grid Voltage Attributes Tracking for the Control of Grid Power Converters

Grid interfacing power converters are indispensable for renewable energy conversion schemes. Fast and precise detection of grid signal parameters is essential for effective operation and control of these converters. For such applications, synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF PLL) involving two orthogonal signals (OS) is widely deployed. For the single-phase system, this requires another signal orthogonal to the input. In this paper, single-phase SRF PLL with fixed sampling period sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) filter as OS generator is proposed. Additionally, this filter is capable of rejecting dc offset and harmonics present in the grid voltage. With this arrangement, the loop filter of PLL need not be equipped with filtering capability. Therefore, PLL could be designed with larger bandwidth, which will result in better transient performance. However, SDFT output will be erroneous with asynchronous sampling, under grid frequency drift. With suitable study, relation between those errors and deviation of frequency from nominal value is established. Using this relation, error compensation at any grid frequency can be achieved. To validate the proposed method, various grid abnormalities are emulated with the aid of programmable power source and dSPACE real-time controller board. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through experimental investigations.
A multi-population genetic algorithm for a constrained two-dimensional orthogonal packing problem ∗

This paper addresses a constrained two-dimensional (2D), non-guillotine restricted, packing problem, where a xed set of small rectangles has to be paced into a larger stock rectangle so as to maximize the value of the rectangles packed. The algorithm we propose hybridizes a novel placement procedure with a genetic algorithm based on random keys. We propose also a new tness function to drive the optimization. The approach is tested on a set of instances taken from the literature and compared with other approaches. The experimental results validate the quality of the solutions and the e ectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Select the Out-of-Town Appraiser: New Social Science Research on Real Estate Expert Witness Selection

This paper adds to the literature on the selection of the real property appraisal expert witness. The existing appraisal expert witness selection literature indicates that when the out-of-town expert witness overshadows the knowledge and experience of the local expert, the out-of-town expert is the clear choice yet most lawyers base their appraiser selection on factors that are irrelevant to winning the case such as convenience, proximity to their office, proximity to the subject property, a client’s recommendation or the expert's cost. The results of this two-part social science research study indicate that in situations where there will be contentious valuation issues or, where the appraisal expert witness will be called upon to criticize the work of the opposing appraiser, it may be in the best interest of the client and outcome of the case to select an appraisal expert who is located outside of the appraisal services area of the opposing appraiser.
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THYLAKOID MEMBRANES DURING GREENING OF THE y-1 MUTANT OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI

Two fractions of thylakoid membranes (TMF) have been isolated from disrupted (French press) algal cells by using a discontinuous sucrose gradient. TMF-II consists mostly of thylakoid membranes still partially organized in grana; it contains also fragments of chloroplast envelope, pyrenoid tubules, and starch granules; thus it amounts to a fraction of chloroplast fragments which have lost practically all matrix components. TMF-I consists of smaller chloroplast fragments and is contaminated to a larger extent than TMF-II by other subcellular components, primarily mitochondria. TMF-II accounts for about 12% of the protein and 30% of the chlorophyll of the whole cell; it contains cytochrome 554 and carotenoids in the same ratio to chlorophyll as the latter, and shows photosystems I and II activities but lacks enzymatic activities characteristic of the dark reactions. During the greening of the y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas, TMF's have been isolated over a range of chlorophyll concentrations from 5 to 25 µg/107 cells. The results showed that during this period the ratios of chlorophyll to cytochrome 554 and of chlorophyll to carotenoids, and the relative concentrations of individual carotenoids were continuously changing. The findings support the view that during greening, thylakoid membranes are produced by multistep assembly.
Load balancing for QoS in Agile All-Photonic Networks

A Quality of Service (QoS) routing architecture that balances Internet flow traffic with different QoS requirements in Agile All-Photonic Networks (AAPN) is presented. The architecture is based on the static and adaptive routing methods proposed previously for the AAPN network. The static routing method is based on the static Highest Random Weight (static HRW) used for designing load balanced web caches while the adaptive routing method is based on the adaptive Highest Random Weight (adaptive HRW) used for designing load balanced Internet routers. The architecture performance is investigated using traffic that belongs to two DiffServ traffic classes, namely: Expedite Forwarding (EF) that is sensitive to variations in end-to-end delay & traffic drop rate and Best Effort (BE) that can tolerate variations in end-to-end delay. Different routing methods are used to handle the two traffic classes: while the static routing method is used to route the EF traffic, the adaptive routing method is used route the BE traffic. The objective is to have EF packets that belong to the same flow traverse the same path and to preserve load balancing by remapping the BE flows when needed.
Drosophila 14-3-3ε has a crucial role in anti-microbial peptide secretion and innate immunity

The secretion of anti-microbial peptides is recognised as an essential step in innate immunity, but there is limited knowledge of the molecular mechanism controlling the release of these effectors from immune response cells. Here, we report that Drosophila 14-3-3ε mutants exhibit reduced survival when infected with either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, indicating a functional role for 14-3-3ε in innate immunity. In 14-3-3ε mutants, there was a reduced release of the anti-microbial peptide Drosomycin into the haemolymph, which correlated with an accumulation of Drosomycin-containing vesicles near the plasma membrane of cells isolated from immune response tissues. Drosomycin appeared to be delivered towards the plasma membrane in Rab4- and Rab11-positive vesicles and smaller Rab11-positive vesicles. RNAi silencing of Rab11 and Rab4 significantly blocked the anterograde delivery of Drosomycin from the perinuclear region to the plasma membrane. However, in 14-3-3ε mutants there was an accumulation of small Rab11-positive vesicles near the plasma membrane. This vesicular phenotype was similar to that observed in response to the depletion of the vesicular Syntaxin protein Syx1a. In wild-type Drosophila immune tissue, 14-3-3ε was detected adjacent to Rab11, and partially overlapping with Syx1a, on vesicles near the plasma membrane. We conclude that 14-3-3ε is required for Rab11-positive vesicle function, which in turn enables antimicrobial peptide secretion during an innate immune response.
Measuring Mobile Device Usability as a Second Order Construct in Mobile Information Systems

There are many existing models of usability and instruments to measure it, such as the Administrative Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Satisfaction Usability Scale (SUS), and the Network Satisfaction Scale (NET). Performance metrics also exist to measure efficiency and effectiveness. However, none of these instruments have been used, separately or together, to measure the overall usability of mobile devices used in mcommerce. A study was conducted to test the usability of mobile devices, and multiple existing metrics were used in order to get an overall view of usability as a second order construct. Confirmatory Factor Analysis found that effectiveness and NET dropped out of the model’s analysis, but a respecified model confirmed that usability was a second order construct, predicted by efficiency, SUS, and ASQ.
Experiments to Investigate the Connection between Case Distribution and Topical Relevance of Search Terms in an Information Retrieval Setting

We have performed a set of experiments made to investigate the utility of morphological analysis to improve retrieval of documents written in languages with relatively large morphological variation in a practical commercial setting, using the SiteSeeker search system developed and marketed by Euroling Ab. The objective of the experiments was to evaluate different lemmatisers and stemmers to determine which would be the most practical for the task at hand: highly interactive, relatively high precision web searches in commercial customer-oriented document collections. This paper gives an overview of some of the results for Finnish and German, and describes specifically one experiment designed to investigate the case distribution of nouns in a highly inflectional language (Finnish) and the topicality of the nouns in target texts. We find that topical nouns taken from queries are distributed differently over relevant and non-relevant documents depending on their grammatical case.
Control of numeric and symbolic parameters with a hybrid scheme based on fuzzy logic and hyper-heuristics

One of the main disadvantages of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) is that they converge towards local optima for some problems. In recent years, diversity-based multi-objective EAs have emerged as a promising technique to prevent from local optima stagnation when optimising single-objective problems. An additional drawback of EAs is the large dependency between the quality of the results provided and the setting of their parameters. By the use of parameter control methods, parameter values can be adapted during the run of an EA. The aim of control approaches is not only to improve the robustness of the controlled algorithm, but also to boost its efficiency. In this paper we apply a novel hybrid parameter control scheme based on Fuzzy Logic and Hyper-heuristics to simultaneously adapt several numeric and symbolic parameters of a diversity-based multi-objective EA. An extensive experimental evaluation is carried out, which includes a comparison between the hybrid control proposal and a wide range of configurations of the diversity-based multi-objective EA with fixed parameters. Results demonstrate that our control proposal is able to find similar or even better solutions than those obtained by the best configuration of the diversity-based scheme with fixed parameters in a significant number of benchmark problems, demonstrating the advantages of parameter control over parameter tuning for these test cases.
Mobile telephone ownership and usage among 10- and 11-year-olds

Abstract This study investigated cellular mobile phone ownership among a sample of primary school pupils (N = 351). Results showed nearly half of both girls and boys owned mobiles. While only 19% had self-funded the mobile purchase, almost 50% had paid for their own top-up cards. 45% spent between £5 and £10 monthly on call charges. The favourite call destinations were parents. 38% reported they had used their mobile when confronted by a crisis.The large majority both sent and received text messages, and about 1 in 5 were able to send texts via the Internet and/or search the net. 11% admitted to receiving either a rude message (4%) or a threat (7%). Furthermore, 17% had been sent a frightening message, and 14% admitted to sending one. To conclude, concerns are raised that non-ownership of mobile phones may lead to social exclusion as well as limit pupils’ involvement with and proficiency in using other communication technologies.