Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gonadal peptides as mediators of development and functional control of the testis: an integrated system with hormones and local environment.

I. Introduction II. Neurohormones/Neuropeptides A. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) B. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) C. GnRH D. CRH E. Oxytocin (OT) F. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) G. TRH H. Somatostatin (SRIF) I. Opioids J. Substance-P (SP) K. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) III. Peptides Originally Identified in the Male Gonad A. Inhibin (INH) and activin (ACT) B. PModS IV. Growth Factors A. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBs) B. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) C. TGFα/EGF D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) E. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) F. Nerve growth factor (NGF) G. Steel factor (SLF) H. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) V. Immune Derived Cytokines A. Interleukins (ILs) B. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) VI. Vasoactive Peptides A. Endothelin (ET) B. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) VII. Conclusions and Perspectives
An error-tolerant graph matching model for hierarchical graphs with topological node embedding in large scale visual retrieval

Graph-based representations are effective tools to capture structural information from graphical elements. However, retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs implies a high computational complexity. Moreover, these representations are very sensitive to noise or small changes. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. In this work, a novel hierarchical graph representation is designed. Using graph clustering techniques adapted from graph-based social media analysis, we propose to generate a hierarchy able to deal with different levels of abstraction while keeping information about the topology. An embedding function is designed to summarize the local node context in terms of topological features. At the abstract levels of the hierarchy, these features encode relations between clusters. The proposed embedding is used to enrich the information codified in all the nodes. For indexation purposes in large scale scenarios, a graph hashing architecture is proposed by reducing the topological node features to a binary embedding. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching technique is defined for the hierarchical one and a graph indexation formalism easily computed by means of bitwise logical operators is presented for the local context embedding enrichment. The proposed approaches are validated in different real scenarios such as handwritten word spotting in images of historical documents and classification of color images. Moreover, a synthetic dataset has been created to validate the proposed approach in a controlled scenario.
A SMOKING GUN IN THE CARINA NEBULA

The Carina Nebula is one of the youngest, most active sites of massive star formation in our Galaxy. In this nebula, we have discovered a bright X-ray source that has persisted for ∼30 years. The soft X-ray spectrum, consistent with kT ∼ 128 eV blackbody radiation with mild extinction, and no counterpart in the near- and mid-infrared wavelengths indicates that it is a ∼106 year old neutron star housed in the Carina Nebula. Current star formation theory does not suggest that the progenitors of the neutron star and massive stars in the Carina Nebula, in particular η Car, are coeval. This result suggests that the Carina Nebula experienced at least two major episodes of massive star formation. The neutron star may be responsible for remnants of high-energy activity seen in multiple wavelengths.
Emerging Adulthood in North America

This study examined perceptions of adulthood and associations with identity status development among college students in Canada and the United States. Participants were 678 college students (278 Canadian and 400 from the United States) between 18 and 25 years of age who completed the Alternate Model for Transition to Adulthood and the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. Students in Canada and the United States differed in their views on the characteristics of adulthood (for three of the five markers of adulthood). As expected, identity status scores in the personal domains were associated with students’ perceptions of adulthood. Differences were seen in the moderation of country on the linkages of foreclosure and achievement with role transitions and norm compliance, respectively. Identity theory and macro-environmental factors are considered in the interpretation of results.
Restoration of Alloreactivity of Melanoma by Transduction With B7.1

Melanoma cells are unusual because, unlike most epithelial tumors, constitutive expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules is common. To elucidate the role of HLA class II expression in the immunopathogenesis of melanoma, the authors compared HLA class II+ melanoma cells to autologous B cells with respect to their ability to stimulate primary (naïve) histoincompatible lymphocytes and T-cell clones (antigen experienced). Using primary lymphocytes (peripheral blood lymphocytes [PBLs]), melanoma cells were nonstimulatory when compared to autologous B cells. To determine whether this was caused by defective antigen processing, the authors used alloreactive T-cell clones, which require alloantigen presentation by a histocompatible stimulator cell but not costimulation. Melanoma cells stimulated the alloreactive T-cell clones in two of three clones tested, indicating that they processed and presented alloantigen. To determine whether the failure of melanoma cells to stimulate primary lymphocytes was caused by their inability to costimulate the T cells, the authors transduced the melanoma cells with B7.1 and achieved stable expression in more than 95% of the cells. The transduced cells were highly stimulatory, eliciting a 17-to 25-fold increase in proliferation by the peripheral blood lymphocytes compared with controls. Indeed, B7-expressing melanoma cells were more stimulatory than autologous B cells, which elicited an 11-to 15-fold increase compared with controls. These data indicate that melanoma cells fail to stimulate primary lymphocytes because they do not deliver costimulatory signals. Engineering HLA class II+ melanoma cells to express high levels of B7.1 may provide a way to elicit primary T-cell responses to melanoma-associated antigens.
A method of optimizing source configuration in active control systems using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization

A method for optimizing the number and the configuration of control sources in an active control system is proposed. In the optimization process, sources are selected one by one so that the corresponding transfer impedance vector is the most linearly independent. From the results of the simulation, it is shown that the optimized configuration yields not only a small average control error but also a small condition number in the transfer impedance matrix, which contributes to the robustness of the system against environmental change.
Fully-abstract compilation by approximate back-translation

A compiler is fully-abstract if the compilation from source language programs to target language programs reflects and preserves behavioural equivalence. Such compilers have important security benefits, as they limit the power of an attacker interacting with the program in the target language to that of an attacker interacting with the program in the source language. Proving compiler full-abstraction is, however, rather complicated. A common proof technique is based on the back-translation of target-level program contexts to behaviourally-equivalent source-level contexts. However, constructing such a back-translation is problematic when the source language is not strong enough to embed an encoding of the target language. For instance, when compiling from the simply-typed λ-calculus (λτ) to the untyped λ-calculus (λu), the lack of recursive types in λτ prevents such a back-translation. We propose a general and elegant solution for this problem. The key insight is that it suffices to construct an approximate back-translation. The approximation is only accurate up to a certain number of steps and conservative beyond that, in the sense that the context generated by the back-translation may diverge when the original would not, but not vice versa. Based on this insight, we describe a general technique for proving compiler full-abstraction and demonstrate it on a compiler from λτ to λu . The proof uses asymmetric cross-language logical relations and makes innovative use of step-indexing to express the relation between a context and its approximate back-translation. We believe this proof technique can scale to challenging settings and enable simpler, more scalable proofs of compiler full-abstraction.
Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA

Established approaches to estimate the number of ribonucleotides present in a genome are limited to the quantitation of incorporated ribonucleotides using short synthetic DNA fragments or plasmids as templates and then extrapolating the results to the whole genome. Alternatively, the number of ribonucleotides present in a genome may be estimated using alkaline gels or Southern blots. More recent in vivo approaches employ Next-generation sequencing allowing genome-wide mapping of ribonucleotides, providing the position and identity of embedded ribonucleotides. However, they do not allow quantitation of the number of ribonucleotides which are incorporated into a genome. Here we describe how to simultaneously map and quantitate the number of ribonucleotides which are incorporated into human mitochondrial DNA in vivo by Next-generation sequencing. We use highly intact DNA and introduce sequence specific double strand breaks by digesting it with an endonuclease, subsequently hydrolyzing incorporated ribonucleotides with alkali. The generated ends are ligated with adapters and these ends are sequenced on a Next-generation sequencing machine. The absolute number of ribonucleotides can be calculated as the number of reads outside the recognition site per average number of reads at the recognition site for the sequence specific endonuclease. This protocol may also be utilized to map and quantitate free nicks in DNA and allows adaption to map other DNA lesions that can be processed to 5´-OH ends or 5´-phosphate ends. Furthermore, this method can be applied to any organism, given that a suitable reference genome is available. This protocol therefore provides an important tool to study DNA replication, 5´-end processing, DNA damage, and DNA repair.
Constructing the Classification systems using Association rule mining for Predictive Analysis

Association rule mining is one of the most significant techniques of data mining. It finds all the rules existing in the transactional database that satisfy some minimum support and minimum confidence constraints. Classification using Association rule mining is another major Predictive analysis technique that aims to discover a small set of rule in the database that forms an accurate classifiers. The combined approach that integrates association rule mining and classification rule mining called Associative Classification (AC). This is new classification approach. It is a promising approach in data mining that utilizes the association rule discovery techniques to construct classification systems, also known as associative classifiers. The integration is done by focusing on mining a special subset of association rules called classification association rule (CAR). And then classification is being performed using these CAR. Given the readability of the associative classifiers, they are especially fit to applications where the model may assist domain experts in their decisions. It introduces a new associative classifier that takes advantage of weighted association rule mining. The model can be applied in any domain to improve the prediction accuracy. It consists of the terms and the basic concepts to define attribute weight, record weight, weighted support and weighted confidence for associative classifiers. The technique for Weighted Association Rule Mining is known as (WARM) and the technique for associative classifiers is termed as Weighted Associative Classifier (WAC) and also discusses the fuzzy associative classifier with as well as without weighted concept
British HIV Association (BHIVA)/British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines on provision of adherence support to individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (2003)

The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced HIV‐associated morbidity and mortality where treatment has been made available. Very high levels of adherence to HAART are a prerequisite for a successful virological and immunological response. Low adherence increases the risk of treatment failure and disease progression. It is also likely to lead to further transmission of resistant viruses, and to have a negative impact on the cost effectiveness of HAART. Low adherence is difficult to predict, and this has two key implications for service provision. Firstly, HAART should not be withheld on the basis of assumptions about adherence. Secondly, support with adherence should be provided to all patients prescribed HAART. Our understanding of barriers to and enablers of high adherence, and the evidence base regarding effective interventions, is limited. Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials available from the general literature suggests multiple interventions are required to maintain high adherence to chronic therapy. This document recommends a series of measures for adoption within HIV clinical care settings, based on evaluation of existing data. High adherence is a process, not a single event, and therefore adherence support must be integrated into clinical follow up. Every prescribing unit should have a written policy on provision of adherence support, and ensure that staff are appropriately trained to make delivery of such services possible.
All employees are equal, but some are more equal than others: dominance, agreeableness, and status inconsistency among men and women

Status inconsistency is a situation in which there is an objective or subjective mismatch between, for example, a person’s education and his/her income. This mismatch may transform into status enhancement, wherein rewards exceed one’s human capital, or into status detraction, wherein one’s human capital exceeds one’s rewards. Although status inconsistency affects employees’ attitudes and behaviours, little is known about individual differences in this variable. The current study investigates whether the relationships of agreeableness and dominance—with objective and subjective status inconsistency vary by gender. We analysed objective and subjective input and return statuses among a sample of 375 employees. We found that men who expressed a gender-non-congruent trait, namely agreeableness, experienced an objective backlash effect compared with dominant men, whereas women who expressed a gender-non-congruent trait, namely dominance, did not experience a backlash effect compared with agreeable women. In addition, our results show that agreeable employees, both men and women, perceive themselves as status-enhanced when in fact they are not. Finally, we show that objective status inconsistency mediates the relationships of agreeableness and dominance with subjective status inconsistency.
Hypotensive Effects and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) Auto-Digested Extract

Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) has been used as a traditional medicine for millennia. However, relatively little is known about this mushroom’s proteins and their bioactivities. In this study, we used reishi’s own proteases to hydrolyze its protein and obtained auto-digested reishi (ADR) extract. The extract was subjected to in vitro assays and administered to spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) to determine its potential for use as a hypotensive medication. Bioassay-guided fractionation and de novo sequencing were used for identifying the active compounds. After 4 h administration of ADR, the systolic pressure of SHRs significantly decreased to 34.3 mmHg (19.5% change) and the effect was maintained up to 8 h of administration, with the decrease reaching as low as 26.8 mmHg (15% reduction–compare to base line a decrease of 26.8 mmHg is less than a decrease of 34.3 mmHg so it should give a smaller % reduction). Eleven peptides were identified and four of them showed potent inhibition against ACE with IC50 values ranging from 73.1 μM to 162.7 μM. The results showed that ADR could be a good source of hypotensive peptides that could be used for antihypertensive medication or incorporation into functional foods.
Pedestrian detection by PCA-based mixed HOG-LBP features

As the basic method of feature extraction, HOG and LBP are paid much attention in the field of pedestrian detection. But the HOG features are too narrow and complex, so we simplify the HOG from the two perspectives. After that, PCA is used to reduce the dimensions of simplified HOG features and LBP features and then combine the two features after the dimensionality reduction to extract the mixed HOG-LBP features, and then used for pedestrian detection. Compared with conventional HOG, The experimental results show that PCA-HOG-LBP features reduce the dimensions and complexity of operator; improve the speed and accuracy detection of algorithm.
Fertility, contraception, and fatherhood: data on men and women from cycle 6 (2002) of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth.

OBJECTIVE This report presents national estimates of fertility, family formation, contraceptive use, and father involvement indicators among males 15-44 years of age in the United States in 2002 from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are also shown for women for purposes of comparison. METHODS Descriptive tables of numbers and percentages are presented. Data were collected through in-person interviews of the household population 15-44 years of age in the United States between March 2002 and March 2003. The sample included 7,643 females and 4,928 males. This report focuses primarily on data from the male sample, but compares findings with the female data whenever appropriate. The overall response rate for Cycle 6 of the NSFG was 79 percent, and the response rate for men was 78 percent. RESULTS This report covers a wide range of topics including first sexual intercourse and its timing in relation to marriage; contraceptive use; wantedness of births in the past 5 years; marital and cohabiting status at first birth; living arrangement of fathers with their children; father's activities with children they live with and those they do not live with; HIV-risk related behaviors; and infertility services. CONCLUSION The reproductive experiences of men and women 15-44 years of age in the United States vary significantly, and often sharply, by demographic characteristics such as education, income, and Hispanic origin and race.
A join the shorter queue model in heavy traffic

We prove a new heavy traffic limit result for a simple queueing network under a ‘join the shorter queue’ policy, with the amount of traffic which has a routeing choice tending to zero as heavy traffic is approached. In this limit, the system considered does not exhibit state space collapse as in previous work by Foschini and Salz, and Reiman, but there is nevertheless some resource pooling gain over a policy of random routeing.
Implementing Atomic Data through Indirect Learning in Dynamic Networks

Developing middleware services for dynamic distributed systems, e.g., ad-hoc networks, is a challenging task given that such services deal with dynamically changing membership and asynchronous communication. Algorithms developed for static settings are often not usable in such settings because they rely on (logical) all-to-all node connectivity through routing protocols, which may be unfeasible or prohibitively expensive to implement in highly dynamic settings. This paper explores the indirect learning, via periodic gossip, approach to information dissemination within a dynamic, distributed data service implementing atomic read/write memory service. The indirect learning scheme is used to improve the liveness of the service in the settings with uncertain connectivity. The service is formally proved to guarantee atomicity in all executions. Conditional performance analysis of the new service is presented, where this analysis has the potential of being generalized to other similar dynamic algorithms. Under the assumption that the network is connected, and assuming reasonable timing conditions, the bounds on the duration of read/write operations of the new service are calculated. Finally, the paper proposes a deployment strategy where indirect learning leads to an improvement in communication costs relative to a previous solution that assumes all-to-all connectivity.
mir-500-Mediated GAD67 Downregulation Contributes to Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is a common neurobiological disease involving multifaceted maladaptations ranging from gene modulation to synaptic dysfunction, but the interactions between synaptic dysfunction and the genes that are involved in persistent pain remain elusive. In the present study, we found that neuropathic pain induced by the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or L5 ventral root transection significantly impaired the function of GABAergic synapses of spinal dorsal horn neurons via the reduction of the GAD67 expression. We also found that mir-500 expression was significantly increased and involved in the modulation of GAD67 expression via targeting the specific site of Gad1 gene in the dorsal horn. In addition, knock-out of mir-500 or using mir-500 antagomir rescued the GABAergic synapses in the spinal dorsal horn neurons and attenuated the sensitized pain behavior in the rats with neuropathic pain. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the function significance and the underlying molecular mechanisms of mir-500 in the process of neuropathic pain, which sheds light on the development of novel therapeutic options for neuropathic pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is a common neurobiological disease involving multifaceted maladaptations ranging from gene modulation to synaptic dysfunction, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The present study illustrates for the first time a mir-500-mediated mechanism underlying spinal GABAergic dysfunction and sensitized pain behavior in neuropathic pain induced by the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or L5 ventral root transection, which sheds light on the development of novel therapeutic options for neuropathic pain.