Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of Molybdopterin Biosynthesis in Mycobacteria Identifies a Fused Molybdopterin Synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Most mycobacterial species possess a full complement of genes for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo). However, a distinguishing feature of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is their possession of multiple homologs associated with the first two steps of the MoCo biosynthetic pathway. A mutant of M. tuberculosis lacking the moaA1-moaD1 gene cluster and a derivative in which moaD2 was also deleted were significantly impaired for growth in media containing nitrate as a sole nitrogen source, indicating a reduced availability of MoCo to support the assimilatory function of the MoCo-dependent nitrate reductase, NarGHI. However, the double mutant displayed residual respiratory nitrate reductase activity, suggesting that it retains the capacity to produce MoCo. The M. tuberculosis moaD and moaE homologs were further analyzed by expressing these genes in mutant strains of M. smegmatis that lacked one or both of the sole molybdopterin (MPT) synthase-encoding genes, moaD2 and moaE2, and were unable to grow on nitrate, presumably as a result of the loss of MoCo-dependent nitrate assimilatory activity. Expression of M. tuberculosis moaD2 in the M. smegmatis moaD2 mutant and of M. tuberculosis moaE1 or moaE2 in the M. smegmatis moaE2 mutant restored nitrate assimilation, confirming the functionality of these genes in MPT synthesis. Expression of M. tuberculosis moaX also restored MoCo biosynthesis in M. smegmatis mutants lacking moaD2, moaE2, or both, thus identifying MoaX as a fused MPT synthase. By implicating multiple synthase-encoding homologs in MoCo biosynthesis, these results suggest that important cellular functions may be served by their expansion in M. tuberculosis.
Rapid gesture recognition for robert navigation

We propose a fast algorithm for automatically recognizing several common hand gestures and its application background is navigation of robot. The rapidity of this system reflects in four aspects: definition of gesture control signals, selection of gesture model, segmentation of hand gesture area, and features extraction. The experimental results show that the system can respond to gesture commands quickly and have good performance in real-time and accuracy.
Duration of Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes and Development of Retinopathy: Analysis of Possible Risk Factors

Thirty men aged 44–73 years were followed from the stage of impaired glucose tolerance ‐ detected in the Whitehall Survey ‐ to the diagnosis of diabetes and for a minimum of 3 years after. Eight men developed diabetic retinopathy during follow‐up after diagnosis, the minimum time from diabetes diagnosis being 59 months. The only significant difference between the groups with and without retinopathy was in the time from screening to diagnosis of diabetes ‐ mean 45.3 and 71.5 months, respectively. Of baseline variables, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were substantially higher in those who subsequently developed retinopathy, though the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
A comparative study on transformer and inductor based LC tanks for VCOs

This paper presents a detailed comparative study of two different approaches to implement the resonator found in radio frequency (RF) voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). An inductor LC tank VCO and a transformer LC tank VCO are compared in terms of phase noise, power consumption, tuning range and circuit area. Conclusions about the use of each approach depending on the design goals are presented.
PageForge: A Near-Memory Content-Aware Page-Merging Architecture

To reduce the memory requirements of virtualized environments, modern hypervisors are equipped with the capability to search the memory address space and merge identical pages – a process called page deduplication. This process uses a combination of data hashing and exhaustive comparison of pages, which consumes processor cycles and pollutes caches. In this paper, we present a lightweight hardware mechanism that augments the memory controller and performs the page merging process with minimal hypervisor involvement. Our concept, called PageForge, is effective. It compares pages in the memory controller, and repurposes the Error Correction Codes (ECC) engine to generate accurate and inexpensive ECC-based hash keys. We evaluate PageForge with simulations of a 10-core processor with a virtual machine (VM) on each core, running a set of applications from the TailBench suite. When compared with RedHat’s KSM, a state-of-the-art software implementation of page merging, PageForge attains identical savings in memory footprint while substantially reducing the overhead. Compared to a system without same-page merging, PageForge reduces the memory footprint by an average of 48%, enabling the deployment of twice as many VMs for the same physical memory. Importantly, it keeps the average latency overhead to 10%, and the $95 ^{th}$ percentile tail latency to 11%. In contrast, in KSM, these latency overheads are 68% and 136%, respectively. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization $\rightarrow$ Cloud computing; • Software and its engineering $\rightarrow$ Operating systems; Memory management; Virtual machines;
Surface Structure of Aerobically Oxidized Diamond Nanocrystals

We investigate the aerobic oxidation of high-pressure, high-temperature nanodiamonds (5–50 nm dimensions) using a combination of carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption, wavelength-dependent X-ray photoelectron, and vibrational spectroscopies. Oxidation at 575 °C for 2 h eliminates graphitic carbon contamination (>98%) and produces nanocrystals with hydroxyl functionalized surfaces as well as a minor component (<5%) of carboxylic anhydrides. The low graphitic carbon content and the high crystallinity of HPHT are evident from Raman spectra acquired using visible wavelength excitation (λexcit = 633 nm) as well as carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectra where the signature of a core–hole exciton is observed. Both spectroscopic features are similar to those of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond but differ significantly from the spectra of detonation nanodiamond. The importance of these findings to the functionalization of nanodiamond surfaces for biological labeling applications is discussed.
A study of cascading failures in real and synthetic power grid topologies

Abstract Using the direct current power flow model, we study cascading failures and their spatial and temporal properties in the U.S. Western Interconnection (USWI) power grid. We show that yield (the fraction of demand satisfied after the cascade) has a bimodal distribution typical of a first-order transition. The single line failure leads either to an insignificant power loss or to a cascade which causes a major blackout with yield less than 0.8. The former occurs with high probability if line tolerance α (the ratio of the maximal load a line can carry to its initial load) is greater than 2, while a major blackout occurs with high probability in a broad range of 1 < α < 2. We also show that major blackouts begin with a latent period (with duration proportional to α) during which few lines overload and yield remains high. The existence of the latent period suggests that intervention during early stages of a cascade can significantly reduce the risk of a major blackout. Finally, we introduce the preferential Degree And Distance Attachment model to generate random networks with similar degree, resistance, and flow distributions to the USWI. Moreover, we show that the Degree And Distance Attachment model behaves similarly to the USWI against failures.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Antibody Reduces Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in Orthotopic Prostate Cancer Xenografts via Induction of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Reduction of Endothelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase Type 9 Production 1

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is produced by tumor cells, is a potent endothelial cell mitogen. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of orthotopic prostate cancer xenografts and prostate cancer bone metastasis to anti-VEGF receptor (flk-1) antibody (DC101) treatment. Experimental Design: Orthotopic prostate cancer models (PC-3M-MM2 and LNCaP-LN3 prostate carcinoma cells) and a prostate cancer bone metastasis model (PC-3MMM2) were used for these experiments. Early and established tumors were treated with saline, paclitaxel, DC101, or a DC101-plus-paclitaxel combination for 5 weeks (PC-3MMM2) and 12 weeks (LNCaP-LN3). At the end of therapy, tumors were removed and weighed. Apoptosis, tumor cell proliferation, and angiogenesisand metastasis-related gene expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, in situhybridization,andterminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferaseediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results: After treatment of early tumors (PC-3M-MM2), median prostate tumor weights ( SE) were 1230 210 mg in untreated controls, 482 121 mg in mice treated with paclitaxel (P 0.009), 148 27 mg in mice treated with DC101 (P < 0.001), and 48 10 mg in mice treated with the combination of DC101 and paclitaxel (P < 0.001). Lymph node metastasis occurred in 7 of the 9 control mice, 5 of the 9 paclitaxel-treated animals, 5 of the 12 DC101-treated animals, and 2 of the 11 animals in the combination therapy group. Treatment with DC101 alone or in combination with paclitaxel reduced tumor-induced neovascularity measured by microvessel density and tumor cell proliferation (by proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and enhanced apoptosis (measured by TUNEL) in tumor cells and endothelial cells compared with controls. In the tibial prostate cancer metastasis model, significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed. In the LNCaPLN3 orthotopic prostate cancer model, tumors occurred in 7 of the 10 control mice, 4 of the 10 paclitaxel-treated animals, 5 of the 10 DC101-treated animals, and 2 of the 11 animals in the combination therapy group (P < 0.05). The efficacy of DC101 was much greater in the treatment of early tumors, which suggests that tumor burden may be a critical factor in determining the response to DC101. In vitro and in vivo analysis of endothelial cell function showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase type 9 production in endothelial cells treated with DC101. Conclusions: This study confirms the principle of tumor growth inhibition by targeting angiogenesis within tumors and supports the use of anti-VEGF receptor agents.
23Na-NMR measurements of intracellular sodium in intact perfused ferret hearts during ischemia and reperfusion.

23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized to measure intracellular Na+ in perfused ferret hearts exposed to the shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetramine-hexa-acetic acid [Dy(TTHA)3-]. The intracellular Na+ signal was small under normal perfusion conditions; resolution was enhanced by using a Jump-Return NMR pulse protocol. During 20 min of total global ischemia at 30 degrees C, intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) increased steadily to a peak value fivefold greater than control. [Na+]i declined monotonically back to control levels within 9 min of reperfusion. In contrast, the mean contractile pressure only recovered to 54% of control levels. Thus major alterations in Na+ homeostasis occur during severe ischemia. [Na+] recovers rapidly during reperfusion and is therefore dissociated from the lingering postischemic depression of contractile function known as "stunning. "
Design and Implementation of a Unified Mooc Recommendation System for Social Work Major: Experiences and Lessons

MOOC is characterized by large amount of users and curriculums. The current main MOOC platforms are divided into information isolated island. So how to dynamic uniformly recommend courses to users that he or she is interested in, which is one of the challenges of such teaching network nowadays. MOOC course recommender system is a kind of knowledge service system based on the recommended models so as to solve the problem of overloaded course information and increased efficiency of searching.Social work profession is strong comprehensive and traditional classroom learning needs being with the help of Internet resources to conduct independent learning. This article adopts B/S architectural pattern, and designs a personalized MOOC resource recommender system for social work major which is based on the popular learner model. It respectively uses the present prevalent algorithms such as collaborative filtering recommendation by the user and commodity filtering recommendation to analyze users' historical preference information. Design and setup process of the system is inspiring. That can act as guidance to the practice of MOOC or other resources recommender system in many professions with users of different levels.
Effect of improved fitness beyond weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Look AHEAD study

Background Because lifestyle-induced improvements in cardiovascular risk factors vary substantially across individuals with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the extent to which increases in fitness explain cardiovascular risk factor improvements independent of weight loss in a lifestyle intervention. Methods We studied 1-year changes in Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group in adults with type 2 diabetes. Assessments included weight, fitness, blood pressure (BP), glucose, HbA1c, and lipids. We evaluated the effects of changes in weight and fitness on changes in cardiovascular risk factors by study arm, using R2 from multiple linear regression. Results Analyses included participants with fitness data at baseline and 1-year (n = 4408; 41% male, 36% non-white; mean age 58.7 ± 6.8 years). Weight change alone improved R2 for explaining changes in risk factors up to 8.2% in ILI and 1.7% in DSE. Fitness change alone improved R2 up to 3.9% in ILI and 0.8% in DSE. After adjusting for weight change, fitness was independently associated (p < 0.05) with improvements in R2 for glucose (+0.7%), HbA1c (+1.1%), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+0.4%), and triglycerides (+0.2%) in ILI and diastolic BP (+0.3%), glucose (+0.3%), HbA1c (+0.4%), and triglycerides (+0.1%) in DSE. Taken together, weight and fitness changes explained from 0.1–9.3% of the variability in cardiovascular risk factor changes. Conclusion Increased fitness explained statistically significant but small improvements in several cardiovascular risk factors beyond weight loss. Further research identifying other factors that explain cardiovascular risk factor change is needed.
Effect of Kinesio Taping on Pain, Range of Motion, Hand Strength, and Functional Abilities in Patients with Hand Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent joint diseases in older adults. Since hands play a key role in daily activities, their impairment causes disability and reduction of independency. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of using Kinesio tape on pain, range of motion (ROM), hand strength, and functional abilities in patient with hand osteoarthritis (HOA). Methods In this randomized clinical trial study, 38 patients with the diagnosis of HOA were selected and randomly assigned to Kinesio tape plus exercise (KT-EXE) and exercise (EXE) groups. Each group included 19 subjects who participated in an 8-week intervention. Visual analog scale, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, as well as goniometer and dynamometer measurements, were used to assess pain severity, upper extremity functional disabilities, ROM, and grip strength, respectively, before and after the intervention and at 2 months of follow-up. Results There was no significant difference in pre-intervention scores between the two groups. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvement in pain, ROM, hand strength, and upper-extremity functional abilities after the intervention in KT-EXE and EXE groups. In addition, the follow-up analysis showed significant changes, compared to the initial assessments except for the pain in the EXE group. Results of the independent t-test revealed that change was significantly greater in KT-EXE group than that in the EXE group at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up assessments except for the wrist flexion and upper-extremity functional abilities at final evaluation. Conclusion Obtained results of this study showed that Kinesio taping and hand exercise may have a positive effect on the improvement of pain, ROM, hand strength, and upper-extremity functional abilities in patients with HOA. In addition, these two methods can be simultaneously used for the rehabilitation of this condition.
Universal linear prediction by model order weighting

A common problem that arises in adaptive filtering, autoregressive modeling, or linear prediction is the selection of an appropriate order for the underlying linear parametric model. We address this problem for linear prediction, but instead of fixing a specific model order, we develop a sequential prediction algorithm whose sequentially accumulated average squared prediction error for any bounded individual sequence is as good as the performance attainable by the best sequential linear predictor of order less than some M. This predictor is found by transforming linear prediction into a problem analogous to the sequential probability assignment problem from universal coding theory. The resulting universal predictor uses essentially a performance-weighted average of all predictors for model orders less than M. Efficient lattice filters are used to generate the predictions of all the models recursively, resulting in a complexity of the universal algorithm that is no larger than that of the largest model order. Examples of prediction performance are provided for autoregressive and speech data as well as an example of adaptive data equalization.
A subgraph mining algorithm on big data

Frequent subgraph mining (FSM) may be a crucial task for beta data analysis on graph data. Over the years, several algorithms area unit planned to resolve this task. These algorithms assume that the knowledge structure of the mining task is tiny enough to suit inside the most memory of a computer. However, as a result of the real-world graph data grows, every in size and quantity, such academic degree assumption does not hold from currently on. To beat this, some graph database-centric ways in which area unit planned in recent years for determination FSM; FSM algorithmic program on this paradigm is of giant demand. The first dataset is split into fragments, then every fragment is mined on an individual basis and therefore the results area unit combined along to generate a worldwide result. One in every of the difficult problems in graph mining is concerning the completeness because the of complexness graph structures. we'll prove the completeness of our algorithmic program during this paper. The experiments are conducted as an example the potency of our information partitioning approach.
Synthesis, Characterization And Electrolytic Behavior Of Cadmium(II) Complexes Of 5,7,7,12,14,14- Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11- Diene And Isomers Of Its Saturated Analogue

Condensation of ethylendiamine with acetone in the presence of quantitative amount of perchloric acid, yielded the ligand 5,7,7,12,14,14- hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene dihydroperchlorate (denoted by L.2HClO4). The ligand L.2HClO4 on reduction with NaBH4, yielded an isomeric mixture of saturated macrocycles, the Me6[14]anes, which were resolved into two distinct C-chiral isomers (denoted by ‘tet-a’ and ‘tet-b’). Interaction of ligands L.2HClO4, ‘tet-a’ and ‘tet-b’ with salts CdI2, Cd(NO3)2.4H2O, CdCl2.2H2O and Cd(ClO4)2.6H2O produced different five coordinated square pyramidal and six coordinated octahedral cdmium(II) complexes. Among them the complexes, cis-[Cd(teta)( NO3)](NO3) and cis-[Cd(tet-b)(NO3)](NO3) underwent axial ligand substitution reaction with KCNS; whereas complex [Cd(tet-a)I2] underwent axial ligand substitution reaction and complex [CdLI](ClO4) underwent simultaneous ligand substitution and addition reaction with NaNO2. Characterization of all the complexes were carried out on the basis of elemental analysis; FT-IR, UV-Vis. and 1H-NMR spectroscopy; melting point determination as well as by magnetic moment and conductivity measurements. Molar conductivity measurment of the complexes reavealed that they show different electrolytic behavior in different solvents.
AOTO: adaptive overlay topology optimization in unstructured P2P systems

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are self-organized and decentralized. However, the mechanism of a peer randomly joining and leaving a P2P network causes topology mismatching between the P2P logical overlay network and the physical underlying network. The topology mismatching problem brings great stress on the Internet infrastructure and seriously limits the performance gain from various search or routing techniques. We propose the adaptive overlay topology optimization (AOTO) technique, an algorithm for building an overlay multicast tree between each source node and its direct logical neighbors so as to alleviate the mismatching problem by choosing closer nodes as logical neighbors, while providing a larger query coverage range. AOTO is scalable and completely distributed in the sense that it does not require global knowledge of the whole overlay network when each node is optimizing the organization of its logical neighbors. The simulation shows that AOTO can effectively solve the mismatching problem and reduce more than 55% of the traffic generated by the P2P system itself.
Composite Local Path Planning for Multi-Robot Obstacle Avoidance and Formation Navigation

This paper proposes a composite local path planning method for multi-robot formation navigation with path deviation prevention using a repulsive function, A-star algorithm, and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The repulsive function in the potential field method is used to avoid collisions among robots and obstacles. The A-star algorithm helps the robots to find an optimal local path. In addition, error estimation based on UKF guarantees small path deviation of each robot during navigation. The proposed method of composite local path planning is verified by the simulation results of the collective robot navigation because the system maintains a designated formation and performs a successful return to the assigned formation with effective obstacle avoidance under various experimental conditions.