Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation Maps: A Compressed Access Method for Exploiting Soft Functional Dependencies

In relational query processing, there are generally two choices for access paths when performing a predicate lookup for which no clustered index is available. One option is to use an unclustered index. Another is to perform a complete sequential scan of the table. Many analytical workloads do not benefit from the availability of unclustered indexes; the cost of random disk I/O becomes prohibitive for all but the most selective queries. It has been observed that a secondary index on an unclustered attribute can perform well under certain conditions if the unclustered attribute is correlated with a clustered index attribute [4]. The clustered index will co-locate values and the correlation will localize access through the unclustered attribute to a subset of the pages. In this paper, we show that in a real application (SDSS) and widely used benchmark (TPC-H), there exist many cases of attribute correlation that can be exploited to accelerate queries. We also discuss a tool that can automatically suggest useful pairs of correlated attributes. It does so using an analytical cost model that we developed, which is novel in its awareness of the effects of clustering and correlation. Furthermore, we propose a data structure called a Correlation Map (CM) that expresses the mapping between the correlated attributes, acting much like a secondary index. The paper also discusses how bucketing on the domains of both attributes in the correlated attribute pair can dramatically reduce the size of the CM to be potentially orders of magnitude smaller than that of a secondary B+Tree index. This reduction in size allows us to create a large number of CMs that improve performance for a wide range of queries. The small size also reduces maintenance costs as we demonstrate experimentally.
On the impacts of lognormal-Rice fading on multi-hop extended networks

This paper presents an analytical model for a multi-hop two-dimensional (2-D) network with finite density of nodes communicating with one another by forming an opportunistic large array (OLA). Transmission among these nodes is modeled via Markov Chain, where the wireless channel is considered as a composite lognormal-Rice random process. We approximate the sum distribution of the received power at a node with lognormal random variable (RV) using a moment generating function (MGF)-based approach, which is acquired by using Gauss-Hermite integration. The transition probability matrix is derived to determine the one-hop success probability. Coverage aspects for different arrangement of nodes is quantified along with the effects of wireless channel on system performance.
Exploiting the Space Filling Curve Ordering of Particles in the Neighbour Search of Gadget3

Gadget3 is nowadays one of the most frequently used high performing parallel codes for cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Recent analyses have shown t\ hat the Neighbour Search process of Gadget3 is one of the most time-consuming parts. Thus, a considerable speedup can be expected from improvements of the u\ nderlying algorithms. In this work we propose a novel approach for speeding up the Neighbour Search which takes advantage of the space-filling-curve particle ordering. Instead of performing Neighbour Search for all particles individually, nearby active particles can be grouped and one single Neighbour Search can be performed to obta\ in a common superset of neighbours. Thus, with this approach we reduce the number of searches. On the other hand, tree walks are performed within a larger searching radius. There is an optimal size of grouping that maximize the speedup, which we found by numerical experiments. We tested the algorithm within the boxes of the Magneticum project. As a result we obtained a speedup of $1.65$ in the Density and of $1.30$ in the Hydrodynamics computation, respectively, and a total speedup of $1.34. $
What Happens Next? Future Subevent Prediction Using Contextual Hierarchical LSTM

Events are typically composed of a sequence of subevents. Predicting a future subevent of an event is of great importance for many real-world applications. Most previous work on event prediction relied on hand-crafted features and can only predict events that already exist in the training data. In this paper, we develop an end-to-end model which directly takes the texts describing previous subevents as input and automatically generates a short text describing a possible future subevent. Our model captures the two-level sequential structure of a subevent sequence, namely, the word sequence for each subevent and the temporal order of subevents. In addition, our model incorporates the topics of the past subevents to make context-aware prediction of future subevents. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate the superiority of our model over several state-of-the-art methods.
NATURALLY OCCURRING AND CHEMICALLY INDUCED BRAIN TUMORS OF RATS AND MICE IN CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAYS *

Rats and mice have been utilized for the past 40 years in laboratory studies to identify and characterize chemicals potentially carcinogenic for man. Extensive investigations have led to better understanding of organotropy, metabolism, and structure/function correlations for chemical carcinogens and of the pathology of toxic, preneoplastic, and neoplastic lesions in rodents. These findings have been compared with those available from epidemiologic studies on human populations exposed to carcinogenic substances occupationally or otherwise. Comparisons of human and rodent data have led to the conclusion that bioassays of suspected carcinogens in rodents provide valuable information for assessing human risk of developing cancer from exposure to these agents. The National Cancer Institute initiated a bioassay program to screen chemicals for carcinogenicity in rats and mice at several commercial toxicology laboratories throughout the United States in the late 1960s. In this program more than 300 chemicals of many classes have been given to mice and rats of various strains by feeding, gavage, inhalation, or subcutaneous or intraperitonal injection, beginning at 4-6 weeks of age and continuing at daily or weekly intervals for as long as two years, to test for carcinogenicity. ' More recently the establishment of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) has led to a more extensive toxicologic evaluation of the chemicals tested with the aim of providing additional animal data for human risk assessment. At present, 377 chemicals are in various stages of investigation for acute, subchronic, and chronic toxic effects and carcinogenesis in rodents at 16 commercial laboratories under contract to the NTP throughout the United States, now uniformly using inbred Fischer 344 (F344) rats and (C3H/HeN x C57BL/6N)F, (B6C3F1) hybrid mice.
Sensible mathematics: searching for characteristics using lesson study

This paper describes the search of six Dutch teachers for characteristics of sensible mathematics. The mathematics teachers investigated their theoretically founded classroom practices using lesson study. Two successive research lessons about the introduction of the derivative were jointly planned, implemented, and live observed. The teachers revised and re-teached the research lessons based on collaborative discussions at school and reflections at the university. The results of the study show that making sense of the derivative starts with encouraging students to communicate intuitively using own words. This is followed by the development of visualizations (icons) and finally results in the use of numbers (symbols): operations with numbers and reasoning about operations with numbers
Application research of WebSocket technology on Web tree component

In the development of information systems, Web tree component is an important way to show information, provide a convenient and intuitive information queries, which has become one of the essential features in the information system. At present, Web tree component still has a series of problems in communication efficiency, displaying and updating rate, etc. This paper uses MyEclipse and MySql as development tools to design and implement web tree component based on WebSocket, the component can display and update tree structure dynamically, Theory analysis and experimental results show that the improved scheme provides a better user experience, comparing with the previous traditional long polling based on AJAX technology, it effectively reduces the amount of data transmission, communication overhead, etc.
Diffusion Based Distributed Internet Gateway Load Balancing in a Wireless Mesh Network

In a wireless mesh network (WMN), mesh clients (MCs) access the Internet through the wireless backbone formed by the Internet Gateways (IGWs) and Mesh Routers (MRs). An IGW as the traffic center may easily become the congestion center in a WMN. The load balancing between IGWs will reduce the traffic congestion thereby improving the network performance and providing a better quality of service (QoS). In this paper, potential load balancing between different IGW service domains is examined and fairness metrics are defined for both homogenous and heterogeneous WMNs. A distributed load balancing scheme based on diffusion methods is proposed to achieve a global load fairness. The effectiveness and efficiency of proposed load balancing scheme are verified by extensive simulations.
Topoisomerase II does not play a scaffolding role in the organization of mitotic chromosomes assembled in Xenopus egg extracts

We have investigated the role of topoisomerase II (topo II) in mitotic chromosome assembly and organization in vitro using Xenopus egg extracts. When sperm chromatin was incubated with mitotic extracts, the highly compact chromatin rapidly swelled and concomitantly underwent local condensation. Further incubation induced the formation of entangled thin chromatin fibers that eventually resolved into highly condensed individual chromosomes. This in vitro system made it possible to manipulate mitotic chromosomes in their assembly condition without any isolation or stabilization steps. Two complementary approaches, immunodepletion and antibody blocking, demonstrated that topo II activity is required for chromosome assembly and condensation. Once condensation was completed, however, blocking of topo II activity had little effect on the chromosome morphology. Immunofluorescent studies showed that topo II was uniformly distributed throughout the condensed chromosomes and was not restricted to the chromosomal axis. Surprisingly, all detectable topo II molecules were easily extracted from the chromosomes under mild conditions where the shape of chromosomes was well preserved. Our results show that topo II is essential for mitotic chromosome assembly, but does not play a scaffolding role in the structural maintenance of chromosomes assembled in vitro. We also present evidence that changes of DNA topology affect the distribution of topo II in mitotic chromosomes in our system.
Esophageal Speech Enhancement Based on Statistical Voice Conversion with Gaussian Mixture Models

This paper presents a novel method of enhancing esophageal speech using statistical voice conversion. Esophageal speech is one of the alternative speaking methods for laryngectomees. Although it doesn't require any external devices, generated voices usually sound unnatural compared with normal speech. To improve the intelligibility and naturalness of esophageal speech, we propose a voice conversion method from esophageal speech into normal speech. A spectral parameter and excitation parameters of target normal speech are separately estimated from a spectral parameter of the esophageal speech based on Gaussian mixture models. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method yields significant improvements in intelligibility and naturalness. We also apply one-to-many eigenvoice conversion to esophageal speech enhancement to make it possible to flexibly control the voice quality of enhanced speech.
The serum magnesium concentration as a potential state marker in patients with unipolar affective disorder.

AIM The growing body of evidence suggests that magnesium levels can serve as a marker of major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings from clinical trials remain inconclusive. The aim of the presented study was to determine the magnesium concentration in serum of patients with MDD (in the active stage of the disease or in remission) and to analyze the role of magnesium levels as apotential marker of the disease. METHODS Sixty-nine patients with current depressive episode, 45 patients in remission and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the case-control study. The magnesium concentration was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). RESULTS The mean serum magnesium concentration of patients in the depressed phase was significantly higher, compared to the control group. Moreover, magnesium levels of patients in the remission were not significantly different from the concentrations recorded in the healthy volunteers. There was also a positive correlation between the magnesium levels and the severity of depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results may suggest a role of magnesium as a state marker reflecting the pathophysiological changes underlying MDD and accompanying severe depressive episodes.
A 502-GOPS and 0.984-mW Dual-Mode Intelligent ADAS SoC With Real-Time Semiglobal Matching and Intention Prediction for Smart Automotive Black Box System

The advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance is strongly dependent upon the robust image recognition technology such as lane detection, vehicle/pedestrian detection, and traffic sign recognition. However, the conventional ADAS cannot realize more advanced collision evasion in real environments due to the absence of intelligent vehicle/pedestrian behavior analysis. Moreover, accurate distance estimation is essential in ADAS applications and semiglobal matching (SGM) is most widely adopted for high accuracy, but its system-on-chip (SoC) implementation is difficult due to the massive external memory bandwidth. In this paper, an ADAS SoC with behavior analysis with Artificial Intelligence functions and hardware implementation of SGM is proposed. The proposed SoC has dual-mode operations of high-performance operation for intelligent ADAS with real-time SGM in D-Mode (d-mode) and ultralow-power operation for black box system in parking-mode. It features: 1) task-level pipelined SGM processor to reduce external memory bandwidth by 85.8%; 2) region-of-interest generation processor to reduce 86.2% of computation; 3) mixed-mode intention prediction engine for dual-mode intelligence; and 4) dynamic voltage and frequency scaling control to save 36.2% of power in d-mode. The proposed ADAS processor achieves 862 GOPS/W energy efficiency and 31.4GOPS/mm2 area efficiency, which are 1.53× and 1.75× improvements than the state of the art, with 30 frames/s throughput under 720p stereo inputs.
Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 3 Interacts with Vav2 to Synchronize the Cell Volume Decrease Response with Cell Protrusion Dynamics

Loss-of-function of the potassium-chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3) causes hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC), a severe neurodegenerative disease associated with defective midline crossing of commissural axons in the brain. Conversely, KCC3 over-expression in breast, ovarian and cervical cancer is associated with enhanced tumor cell malignancy and invasiveness. We identified a highly conserved proline-rich sequence within the C-terminus of the cotransporter which when mutated leads to loss of the KCC3-dependent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) response in Xenopus Laevis oocytes. Using SH3 domain arrays, we found that this poly-proline motif is a binding site for SH3-domain containing proteins in vitro. This approach identified the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav2 as a candidate partner for KCC3. KCC3/Vav2 physical interaction was confirmed using GST-pull down assays and immuno-based experiments. In cultured cervical cancer cells, KCC3 co-localized with the active form of Vav2 in swelling-induced actin-rich protruding sites and within lamellipodia of spreading and migrating cells. These data provide evidence of a molecular and functional link between the potassium-chloride co-transporters and the Rho GTPase-dependent actin remodeling machinery in RVD, cell spreading and cell protrusion dynamics, thus providing new insights into KCC3's involvement in cancer cell malignancy and in corpus callosum agenesis in HMSN/ACC.
Socrates-D: Multicore Architecture for On-Line Learning

Compact online learning architectures could be used to enhance internet of things devices to allow them to learn directly based on data being received instead of having to ship data to a remote server for learning. This saves communications energy and enhances privacy and security as the data is not shared. The learning architectures can also be used in high performance computing and in traditional computing architectures to learn approximations of the functions being performed based on runtime activities. This paper presents the Socrates-D a digital multicore on-chip learning architecture for deep neural networks. It has memories internal to each neural core to store synaptic weights. A variety of deep learning applications can be processed in this architecture. The system level area and power benefits of the specialized architecture is compared with an NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 980Ti GPGPU. Our experimental evaluations show that the proposed architecture can provide significant area and energy efficiencies over GPGPUs for both training and inference.
Pressure Tuning of Bragg Diffraction in Stimuli Responsive Microgel Crystals

Recently Lietor‐Santos et al [Macromolecules 42, 6225 (2009)] have shown that thermo‐responsive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles in aqueous medium shrink in size upon applying hundreds of mega‐Pascals of pressure. We show here for the first time that, these particles when organized in a crystalline state can be shrunk using a few kilo‐Pascals of osmotic pressure. In a novel way, we subject PNIPAM microgel suspensions to different amounts of osmotic compression by removing known amounts of water from the suspension using stirred cells equipped with an ultrafiltration membrane and freeze them into a crystalline state by repeated annealing. Bragg diffraction of these microgel crystals is recorded using UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The Bragg peak has been used to determine the lattice spacing and the particle size. The Bragg peak is found to exhibit a blue shift upon increasing the osmotic pressure and is understood to arise from the increase in number density as well as due to decrease in particle.
The Removal of Linseed Oil Vapors by Biodegradation

Linseed oil is very important in industry but its use is limited due to noxious vapors produced by oxidation on exposure to air. Since some of the products are toxic, release of linseed oil vapors to the environment is normally prohibited. In order to remove the odorous compounds, a biofilter system based on bacterial metabolism was designed and the major premises of bioremediation were studied. A total of five bacterial strains capable of using linseed oil vapors as their sources of carbon and energy were isolated from soil. The individual organisms were also mixed to form a bacterial consortium. The mixed population was able to degrade linseed oil vapors with more than 99 per cent efficiency. According to this research, a successful biodegradation system was designed and, theoretically, this system could be applied to the removal of linseed oil vapors in any industrial plant air stream.
Oral anticoagulants for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with atrial fibrillation. Design Systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis. Data sources Medline, PreMedline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Published randomised trials evaluating the use of a DOAC, vitamin K antagonist, or antiplatelet drug for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Results 23 randomised trials involving 94 656 patients were analysed: 13 compared a DOAC with warfarin dosed to achieve a target INR of 2.0-3.0. Apixaban 5 mg twice daily (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.94), dabigatran 150 mg twice daily (0.65, 0.52 to 0.81), edoxaban 60 mg once daily (0.86, 0.74 to 1.01), and rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily (0.88, 0.74 to 1.03) reduced the risk of stroke or systemic embolism compared with warfarin. The risk of stroke or systemic embolism was higher with edoxaban 60 mg once daily (1.33, 1.02 to 1.75) and rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily (1.35, 1.03 to 1.78) than with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily. The risk of all-cause mortality was lower with all DOACs than with warfarin. Apixaban 5 mg twice daily (0.71, 0.61 to 0.81), dabigatran 110 mg twice daily (0.80, 0.69 to 0.93), edoxaban 30 mg once daily (0.46, 0.40 to 0.54), and edoxaban 60 mg once daily (0.78, 0.69 to 0.90) reduced the risk of major bleeding compared with warfarin. The risk of major bleeding was higher with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily than apixaban 5 mg twice daily (1.33, 1.09 to 1.62), rivaroxaban 20 mg twice daily than apixaban 5 mg twice daily (1.45, 1.19 to 1.78), and rivaroxaban 20 mg twice daily than edoxaban 60 mg once daily (1.31, 1.07 to 1.59). The risk of intracranial bleeding was substantially lower for most DOACs compared with warfarin, whereas the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding was higher with some DOACs than warfarin. Apixaban 5 mg twice daily was ranked the highest for most outcomes, and was cost effective compared with warfarin. Conclusions The network meta-analysis informs the choice of DOACs for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Several DOACs are of net benefit compared with warfarin. A trial directly comparing DOACs would overcome the need for indirect comparisons to be made through network meta-analysis. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD 42013005324.