Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
0.5-V 4-MB Variation-Aware Cache Architecture Using 7T/14T SRAM and Its Testing Scheme

This paper presents a novel cache architecture using 7T/14T SRAM, which can improve its reliability with control lines dynamically. Our proposed 14T word-enhancing scheme can enhance its operating margin in word granularity by combining two words in a low-voltage mode. Furthermore, we propose a new testing method that maximizes the efficiency of the 14T word-enhancing scheme. In a 65-nm process, it can reduce the minimum operation voltage (Vmin) to 0.5V to a level that is 42% and 21% lower, respectively, than those of a conventional 6T SRAM and a cache word-disable scheme. Measurement results show that the 14T word-enhancing scheme can reduce Vmin of the 6T SRAM and 14T dependable modes by 25% and 19%, respectively. The respective dynamic power reductions are 89.2% and 73.9%. The respective total power reductions are 44.8% and 20.9%.
Composite background models and score standardization for language identification systems

Describes two enhancements to our language identification system. Composite background (CBG) modeling allows us to identify target language speech in an environment where labeled background training data is unavailable or limited. Instead of separate models for each of the background languages, a single composite background model is created from all the non-target training speech. Generally, the CBG system performed about as well as a baseline system containing a separate model per background language. The average equal error rate for 12 CBG tests was 13.6% versus 13.4% for the baseline. We have also developed and tested a standardized confidence scoring function based on a single-layer perceptron which has proven to be capable of robust modeling of score distributions.
A novel design of adaptive sliding mode observer

This paper presents a novel design of adaptive sliding mode observer. An adaptive sliding mode observer with a proportional and integral sliding surface is derived and the stability condition of the closed-loop system is established. The proposed adaptive sliding mode observer could reconstruct the unmeasured states and estimate unknown system parameters in real time despite parameter variations and external disturbance. The numerical simulation of MEMS gyroscope m is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Input Method 2 : Using a Single Statistics Program

H LM software has been one of the leading statistical packages for hierarchical linear modeling due to the pioneering work of Stephen Raudenbush and Anthony Bryk, who created the software and authored the leading text on hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (Bryk & Raudenbush, 1992; Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002). Though differences among software packages’ capabilities have diminished over time, HLM 7 offers a number of appealing advantages and capabilities. Among these are what many consider to be a more intuitive model specification environment, greater ease in creating threeand four-level models, its wide choice of estimation options, integrated likelihood ratio hypothesis testing, graphics options, and the ability easily to handle heterogeneous hierarchical linear models (where the dependent is thought to have different error variances for different levels of some grouping variable such as Agency).
Torque-based multi-task and balancing control for humanoid robots

The humanoid robots Justin and Toro at DLR are equipped with joint torque sensors, which allows to implement compliant motion control via highly sensitive impedance behaviors. The control framework presented in this work has been developed using a passivity-based argumentation and avoids feedback cancellation of the natural dynamics. In this overview also the extension to multiple task hierarchies using prioritized null-space projections will be discussed. The approach has been applied to the whole-body control of the mobile manipulator Justin, with position and torque controlled subsystems for locomotion and manipulation. Additionally, a generalization to the bipedal humanoid robot Toro is shown. Thereby, the distribution of the control forces to the available contact points has to be taken into account. The presented control approaches are well suited for tasks in which the robot has to physically interact with humans or the environment.
Analysis of Air Force Award Fee and Award Term Contract Implementation

Abstract : The use of incentive contacts, particularly award fee and award term contracts, has increased significantly in recent years. This research examined concerns that these incentives were not being implemented as originally intended. Specifically the research answered whether or not changes are necessary to improve the effectiveness of these tools and whether they actually incentivize the wrong behaviors in industry. Research was conducted by reviewing background information from government regulations and professional organizations to document the history of these incentives. Prescriptive guidance was then compared to actual application of these contracts in an attempt to identify disconnects. Actual application was determined by reviews of numerous published audits and guides, as well as personal interviews with government and industry personnel. The research concluded that the contracts were not being implemented as intended, and improvements need to be made to procedures and processes used by government agencies. Additionally, the research concluded that award fees do actually incentivize the wrong behavior in industry by motivating them to increase their risk through lower proposed profit margins. However, the effects of the above conclusions were less detrimental than anticipated. It was concluded that the improvements to procedures used in administration of award fee contracts would improve efficiency, not necessarily effectiveness. Also, the increased risk was mitigated by complex award processes and the award fee process itself. Therefore, the increase in risk did not point to a clear increase in contract failures as a result of incentivizing the wrong behaviors.
Movie swarm: Information mining technique for movie recommendation system

Huge amount of movies are available over the world, all of those are impossible to see for one user and all of them are not interesting. Movie recommendation systems filter out irrelevant movies and suggest the relevant movies those would be interesting for users. Traditional system can not recommend new users and new items efficiently. In collaborative filtering recommendation is based on users activities and products features hence when new users enter the system and new items added, it can not recommend. In content based recommend can recommend new items based on items features but unable to recommend new users. Therefor, We have proposed an information mining tool that collect all important information which is needed in movie recommendation system. In our proposed system, we have generated movie swarm which is very useful for movie producers and can solve new items problem. Also finds out which genres of movie should be recommended among followers, that solves new users recommendation problem. Experimental studies on the real data demonstrate the encourages and effectiveness of our methods.
Retinal Damage in Chloroquine Maculopathy, Revealed by High Resolution Imaging: A Case Report Utilizing Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

A 53-year-old Asian woman was treated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for lupus erythematosus. Within a few years, she noticed circle-shaped shadows in her central vision. Upon examination, the patient's visual acuity was 20 / 25 in both eyes. Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing revealed a central visual defect, and fundoscopy showed a ring-shaped area of parafoveal retinal pigment epithelium depigmentation. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed a hypofluorescent lesion consistent with bull's eye retinopathy. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) revealed patch cone mosaic lesions, in which cones were missing or lost. In addition, the remaining cones consisted of asymmetrical shapes and sizes that varied in brightness. Unlike previous studies employing deformable mirrors for wavefront aberration correction, our AO-SLO approach utilized dual liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators. Thus, by using AO-SLO, we were able to create a photographic montage consisting of high quality images. Disrupted cone AO-SLO images were matched with visual field test results and functional deficits were associated with a precise location on the montage, which allowed correlation of histological findings with functional changes determined by HVF. We also investigated whether adaptive optics imaging was more sensitive to anatomical changes compared with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
Student Teaching in an Urban Context: Student Teachers' Views and Construction of Identities

STUDENT TEACHING IN AN URBAN CONTEXT: STUDENT TEACHERS’ VIEWS AND CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES by Desha L. Williams There is a shortage of secondary mathematics teachers throughout the United States (Howard, 2003, Matus, 1999). This deficit is heightened in urban areas (Bracey, 2002; Howard, 2003). Understanding how urban teachers develop into highly qualified, motivated teachers of urban learners may provide guidance in decreasing the shortage of urban secondary mathematics teachers and provide direction for teacher education programs in preparing future teachers of urban learners. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the experiences pre-service teachers undergo during student teaching and how those experiences impact their views on teaching in an urban context, as well as how their experiences impact the construction of their identities as teachers of urban learners. Six secondary mathematics pre-service teachers who have made the conscious decision to teach in urban schools participate in this study. Phenomenology is used as a philosophical and methodological framework. The theories of teacher thinking, situated cognition, and social identity provided a foundation to examine to research questions: How do preservice teachers experience student teaching in an urban context; how do pre-service teachers’ experiences impact their views on teaching in urban schools; and how do preservice teachers’ experiences impact the construction of their identities as teachers of urban learners? Data were collected via initial interviews, journaling throughout the student teaching experience, and phenomenological interviews. Colaizzi’s method for phenomenological data analysis was used to develop textual and structural descriptions of the phenomenon. This method of analysis led to concluding that constructive student teacher – cooperating teacher relationships lead to positive views of teaching in urban contexts and collective teaching dispositions. Negative relationships caused an aversion to teaching in urban environments and individualistic classroom practices. In regards to the construction of an identity as teachers of urban learners, the quality of the student teacher-cooperating teacher relationship was a factor. When an affirming relationship was present the student teachers embraced some of the characteristics of their cooperating teachers. Whereas, detrimental relationships caused the pre-service teachers to dismiss the practices of their cooperating teachers and the rejection of any performance feedback provided. STUDENT TEACHING IN AN URBAN CONTEXT: STUDENT TEACHERS’ VIEWS AND CONTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES by Desha L. Williams
Contractile Activity Regulates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and NOi Production in Cardiomyocytes via a FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway

Intracellular nitric oxide (NOi) is a physiological regulator of excitation-contraction coupling, but is also involved in the development of cardiac dysfunction during hypertrophy and heart failure. To determine whether contractile activity regulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, spontaneously contracting, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) were treat with L-type calcium channel blockers (nifedipine and verapamil) or myosin II ATPase inhibitors (butanedione monoxime (BDM) and blebbistatin) to produce contractile arrest. Both types of inhibitors significantly reduced iNOS but not eNOS expression, and also reduced NOi production. Inhibiting contractile activity also reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT phosphorylation. Contraction-induced iNOS expression required FAK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K), as both PF573228 and LY294002 (10 μM, 24 h) eliminated contraction-induced iNOS expression. Similarly, shRNAs specific for FAK (shFAK) caused FAK knockdown, reduced AKT phosphorylation at T308 and S473, and reduced iNOS expression. In contrast, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PYK2, the other member of the FAK-family of protein tyrosine kinases, had much less of an effect. Conversely, overexpression of a constitutively active form of FAK (CD2-FAK) or AKT (Myr-AKT) reversed the inhibitory effect of BDM on iNOS expression and NOi production. Thus, contraction-induced iNOS expression and NOi production in NRVM are mediated via a FAK-PI(3)K-AKT signaling pathway.
New graph-based and MCMC approaches to multi-INT surveillance

We propose a graph-based (i.e. pairwise-cost) formulation to the multi-INT track fusion problem. In addition to the kinematic Markov (path-independence) assumption, we introduce the assumption that the impact of emitter tracks is solely to identify feasible kinematic tracks for association. Subject to these assumptions, we are able to formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) problem that is of much smaller dimension than the one in an MHT-based solution. Performance results suggest that the approach is quite promising. Further improvements to the multi-INT graph-based tracking solution may be achieved with MCMC-based statistical sampling.
Nitric Oxide Protects PC12 Cells from Serum Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis by cGMP-Dependent Inhibition of Caspase Signaling

Although nitric oxide (NO) induces neuronal cell death under some conditions, it also can prevent apoptosis resulting from growth factor withdrawal. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which NO protects undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells from trophic factor deprivation-induced apoptosis. PC12 cells underwent apoptotic death in association with increased caspase-3-like activity, DNA fragmentation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and cytochrome c release after 24 hr of serum withdrawal. The apoptosis of PC12 cells was inhibited by the addition of NO-generating donorS-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (5–100 μm) and the specific caspase-3-like protease inhibitor Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-cho) but not the YVADase (or caspase-1-like protease) inhibitorN-acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-YVAD-cho). SNAP and Ac-DEVD-cho prevented the increase in DEVDase (caspase-3-like protease) activity. The SNAP-mediated suppression of DEVDase activity was only minimally reversed by the incubation of cell lysate with dithiothreitol, indicating that NO did notS-nitrosylate caspase-3-like proteases in PC12 cells. Western blot analysis showed that NO inhibited the proteolytic activation of caspase-3. The cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) blocked apoptotic cell death, caspase-3 activity and activation, and cytochrome c release. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1-H-oxodiazol-[1,2,4]-[4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (CODQ) significantly attenuated NO-mediated, but not 8-Br-cGMP-dependent, inhibition of apoptotic cell death, PARP cleavage, cytochrome c release, and DEVDase activity. Furthermore, the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 reversed both SNAP- and 8-Br-cGMP-mediated anti-apoptotic events. All these apoptotic phenomena were also suppressed by NO production through neuronal NO synthase gene transfer into PC12 cells. Furthermore, similar findings were observed in differentiated PC12 cells stimulated to undergo apoptosis by NO donors and NGF deprivation. These findings indicate that NO protects against PC12 cell death by inhibiting the activation of caspase proteases through cGMP production and activation of protein kinase G.
Preference-aware object retrieval in opportunistic mobile social networks

Mobile social networks (MSNs) have attracted much attention for the past few years. Due to non-deterministic social contact and intermittent as well as asymmetric connectivity in MSNs, recent research works on MSNs only focus on unicast or multicast protocols for speeding up object dissemination. Unlike previous works, the focus of this paper is on how to design an efficient (multimedia) object retrieval scheme for MSNs. The key challenge for the object retrieval in MSNs is that we need to deal with not only the connectivity issue in MSNs, but also the heterogeneous objects owned by different users. Our idea is that, given a query object, we jointly consider the user preference probability and the characteristics of the round-trip object retrieval to design the object retrieval scheme. Since multimedia objects are usually associated with multiple attributes, we are able to characterize users by the objects they hold, and then compute the preference probability of the targeted object for each user. Next, we divide the object retrieval scenario in MSNs into two phases: the searching phase and the returning phase. When the query is in searching phase, the relaying user needs to jointly consider the successful probability in the searching phase as well as in the returning phase. In the returning phase, the relaying user just considers the probability of returning the object back to source node. In addition, we also develop a discrete-time analytic model to predict the node delivery probability and use it for the relay node selection. A performance study, via simulations based on MIT Reality and Last.fm music trace, illustrates that our proposed schemes are effective in object retrieval on MSNs.
A 2 mW, Sub-2 dB Noise Figure, SiGe Low-Noise Amplifier For X-band High-Altitude or Space-based Radar Applications

This paper presents a low-power X-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in silicon-germanium (SiGe) technology targeting high-altitude or space-based low-power density phased-array radar systems. To our knowledge, this X-band LNA is the first in a Si-based technology to achieve less than 2 dB mean noise figure while dissipating only 2 mW from a 1.5 V power supply. The gain of the circuit is 10 dB at 10 GHz with an IIP 3 of 0 dBm. In addition to standard amplifier characterization, the LNA's total dose radiation response has been evaluated.
Flow level simulation of large IP networks

The aim of this paper is to simulate the interaction of a large number of TCP controlled flows and UDP flows sharing many routers/links, from the knowledge of the network parameters (capacity, buffer size, topology, scheduling) and of the characteristics of each TCP (RTT, route etc.) and UDP flow. This work is based on the description via some fluid evolution equations, of the joint evolution of the window sizes of all flows over a single bottleneck router/link, as function of the synchronization rate. It is shown that the generalization of this fluid dynamics to a network composed of several routers can be described via equations allowing one to simulate the interaction of e.g. millions of TCP flows on networks composed of tens of thousands of links and routers on a standard workstation. The main output of the simulator are the mean value and the fluctuations of the throughput obtained by each flow, the localization of the bottleneck routers/links, the losses on each of them and the time evolution of aggregated input traffic at each router or link. The method is validated against NS simulations. We show that several important statistical properties of TCP traffic which were identified on traces are also present on traffic generated by our simulator: for instance, aggregated traffic generated by this representation exhibits the same short time scale statistical properties as those observed on real traces. Similarly, the experimental laws describing the fairness of the bandwidth sharing operated by TCP over a large network are also observed on the simulations.
Eleven-month-old infants infer differences in the hardness of object surfaces from observation of penetration events

Previous studies have shown different developmental trajectories for object recognition of solid and non-solid objects. However, there is no evidence as to whether infants have expectations regarding certain attributes of objects, such as surface hardness, in the absence of tactile information. In the present study, we examined infants’ perception of the hardness of object surfaces from visually presented penetration events using the familiarization–novelty preference procedure. Experiment 1 showed that by 11 months old infants distinguished a relatively soft surface from a crusty surface based on changes in the velocity of a moving object as the moving object penetrated the surface of the target object. Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that infants were merely sensitive to differences in the velocity changes in the stimuli.
Event Classification in Microblogs via Social Tracking

Social media websites have become important information sharing platforms. The rapid development of social media platforms has led to increasingly large-scale social media data, which has shown remarkable societal and marketing values. There are needs to extract important events in live social media streams. However, microblogs event classification is challenging due to two facts, i.e., the short/conversational nature and the incompatible meanings between the text and the corresponding image in social posts, and the rapidly evolving contents. In this article, we propose to conduct event classification via deep learning and social tracking. First, we introduce a Multi-modal Multi-instance Deep Network (M2DN) for microblogs classification, which is able to handle the weakly labeled microblogs data oriented from the incompatible meanings inside microblogs. Besides predicting each microblogs as predefined events, we propose to employ social tracking to extract social-related auxiliary information to enrich the testing samples. We extract a set of candidate-relevant microblogs in a short time window by using social connections, such as related users and geographical locations. All these selected microblogs and the testing data are formulated in a Markov Random Field model. The inference on the Markov Random Field is conducted to update the classification results of the testing microblogs. This method is evaluated on the Brand-Social-Net dataset for classification of 20 events. Experimental results and comparison with the state of the arts show that the proposed method can achieve better performance for the event classification task.
Supporting Component-based Development by Enriching the Traditional API

Component-based software, particularly distributed componentbased software, makes heavy use of interfaces to de ne the interactions among components. Each of these interfaces is usally presented in the form of an API, as a speci cation of the capabilities of the relevant component. However, while the predominant API model captures the behavior of individual interface members, it neglects the interactions among those members. We propose an approach that incorporates such interactions into an interface speci cation, and provide an application of the approach.