Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIRE : Deep Stochastic IOC RNN Encoder-decoder for Distant Future Prediction in Dynamic Scenes with Multiple Interacting Agents

We introduce a Deep Stochastic IOC1 RNN Encoderdecoder framework, DESIRE, with a conditional Variational Auto-Encoder and multiple RNNs for the task of future predictions of multiple interacting agents in dynamic scenes. Accurately predicting the location of objects in the future is an extremely challenging task. An effective prediction model must be able to 1) account for the multi-modal nature of the future prediction (i.e., given the same context, future may vary), 2) fore-see the potential future outcomes and make a strategic prediction based on that, and 3) reason not only from the past motion history, but also from the scene context as well as the interactions among the agents. DESIRE can address all aforementioned challenges in a single end-to-end trainable neural network model, while being computationally efficient. The model first obtains a diverse set of hypothetical future prediction samples employing a conditional variational auto-encoder, which are ranked and refined via the following RNN scoring-regression module. We evaluate our model on two publicly available datasets: KITTI and Stanford Drone Dataset. Our experiments show that the proposed model significantly improves the prediction accuracy compared to other baseline methods.
The X-ray structure of Escherichia coli enoyl reductase with bound NAD+ at 2.1 A resolution.

Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase catalyses the last reductive step of fatty acid biosynthesis, reducing an enoyl acyl carrier protein to an acyl-acyl carrier protein with NAD(P)H as the cofactor. The crystal structure of enoyl reductase (ENR) from Escherichia coli has been determined to 2.1 A resolution using a combination of molecular replacement and isomorphous replacement and refined using data from 10 A to 2.1 A to an R-factor of 0.16. The final model consists of the four subunits of the tetramer, wherein each subunit is composed of 247 of the expected 262 residues, and a NAD+ cofactor for each subunit of the tetramer contained in the asymmetric unit plus a total of 327 solvent molecules. There are ten disordered residues per subunit which form a loop near the nucleotide binding site which may become ordered upon substrate binding. Each monomer is composed of a seven-stranded parallel beta-sheet flanked on each side by three alpha-helices with a further helix lying at the C terminus of the beta-sheet. This fold is highly reminiscent of the Rossmann fold, found in many NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes. Analysis of the sequence and structure of ENR and comparisons with the family of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases, identify a conserved tyrosine and lysine residue as important for catalytic activity. Modelling studies suggest that a region of the protein surface that contains a number of strongly conserved hydrophobic residues and lies adjacent to the nicotinamide ring, forms the binding site for the fatty acid substrate.
An Analysis of Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China between 2006 and 2017

From the perspective of characteristics and causes, probability and forecast, and safety management evaluation, this paper analyzes 3974 hazardous chemical casualty accidents that occurred between 2006 and 2017 in China. The trends, monthly and hourly distributions, lifecycles, chemical and accident types, and the direct and indirect causes of casualty accidents are analyzed first. To estimate the probability of casualty accidents, the Poisson regression model is employed. The time series model is developed to forecast the number of casualty accidents. The safety management of hazardous chemicals is evaluated based on an inverted U-shaped curve that fits the relationship between the number of casualty accidents and petrochemical industry outputs. Moreover, measures for improving the safety management of hazardous chemicals are provided based on the analysis, forecast, and evaluation. The results show that the probability of 200–600 casualty accidents occurring per year in China is 59.10%. Sixteen of thirty provinces are identified as having better safety management with regard to hazardous chemicals.
Adoptive T Cell Immunotherapy of Human Uveal Melanoma Targeting gp1001

HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL against human gp100 were isolated from HLA-A*0201/Kb (A2/Kb)-transgenic mice immunized with recombinant canarypox virus (ALVAC-gp100). These CTL strongly responded to the gp100154–162 epitope, in the context of both the chimeric A2/Kb and the wild-type HLA-A*0201− molecule, and efficiently lysed human HLA-A*0201+, gp100+ melanoma cells in vitro. The capacity of the CTL to eradicate these tumors in vivo was analyzed in A2/Kb-transgenic transgenic mice that had received a tumorigenic dose of human uveal melanoma cells in the anterior chamber of the eye. This immune-privileged site offered the unique opportunity to graft xenogeneic tumors into immunocompetent A2/Kb-transgenic mice, a host in which they otherwise would not grow. Importantly, systemic (i.v.) administration of the A2/Kb-transgenic gp100154–162-specific CTL resulted in rapid elimination of the intraocular uveal melanomas, indicating that anti-tumor CTL are capable of homing to the eye and exerting their tumoricidal effector function. Flow cytometry analysis of ocular cell suspensions with HLA-A*0201-gp100154–162 tetrameric complexes confirmed the homing of adoptively transferred CTL. Therefore, the immune-privileged state of the eye permitted the outgrowth of xenogeneic uveal melanoma cells, but did not protect these tumors against adoptive immunotherapy with highly potent anti-tumor CTL. These data constitute the first direct indication that immunotherapy of human uveal melanoma may be feasible.
Miniaturization of a Broadband Quadrature Hybrid Coupler Using Π-Model Transformation-Based Artificial Transmission Line

─ In this paper, a novel compact broadband quadrature hybrid coupler based on planar artificial transmission line is presented. This coupler can be used for WLAN application at 2.4 GHz. The planar artificial transmission line has been implemented using Π-model technique. The size of the proposed coupler is merely 38% of that of a conventional one. The compact coupler performs well wideband response. Index Terms ─ Broadband quadrature, planar artificial transmission line, Π-model.
Learning Colours from Textures by Sparse Manifold Embedding

The capability of inferring colours from the texture (grayscale contents) of an image is useful in many application areas, when the imaging device/environment is limited. Traditional manual or limited automatic colour assignment involves intensive human effort. This chapter reviews the development of automatic tools for user-friendly colourisation. We start from the early attempts that establish texture-to-colour map directly querying texture descriptors of a reference image. We then review the colour learning techniques accounting for the nonlinear nature of the image distribution embedded in high dimensional raw observation space (i.e. represented as all pixel values). We consider details including the model of texture-colour relation, the global non-linear structure of the data distribution, explore locally linear area by sparsity constraints, and introducing high-level semantic information. In the final part, we also discuss the recent techniques addressing this problem using deep neural networks, and propose a novel network architecture with information fusion by random fields. A number of experimental results, including both qualitative and quantitative assessment are also presented.
Crowdsourcing the OCR Ground Truth of a German and French Cultural Heritage Corpus

Crowdsourcing approaches for post-correction of OCR output (Optical Character Recognition) have been successfully applied to several historical text collections. We report on our crowd-correction platform Kokos, which we built to improve the OCR quality of the digitized yearbooks of the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) from the 19th century. This multilingual heritage corpus consists of Alpine texts mainly written in German and French, all typeset in Antiqua font. Finding and engaging volunteers for correcting large amounts of pages into high quality text requires a carefully designed user interface, an easy-to-use workflow, and continuous efforts for keeping the participants motivated. More than 180,000 characters on about 21,000 pages were corrected by volunteers in about 7 months, achieving an OCR ground truth with a systematically evaluated accuracy of 99.7 % on the word level. The crowdsourced OCR ground truth and the corresponding original OCR recognition results from Abbyy FineReader for each page are available as a resource for machine learning and evaluation. Additionally, the scanned images (300 dpi) of all pages are included to enable tests with other OCR software.
Integrated approach for low-temperature synthesis of high-quality silicon nitride films in PECVD using RF–UHF hybrid plasmas

To prevent moisture and oxygen permeation into flexible organic electronic devices formed on substrates, the deposition of an inorganic diffusion barrier material such as SiNx is important for thin film encapsulation. In this study, by a very high frequency (162 MHz) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) using a multi-tile push–pull plasma source, SiNx layers were deposited with a gas mixture of NH3/SiH4 with/without N2 and the characteristics of the plasma and the deposited SiNx film as the thin film barrier were investigated. Compared to a lower frequency (60 MHz) plasma, the VHF (162 MHz) multitile push–pull plasma showed a lower electron temperature, a higher vibrational temperature, and higher N2 dissociation for an N2 plasma. When a SiNx layer was deposited with a mixture of NH3/SiH4 with N2 at a low temperature of 100 °C, a stoichiometric amorphous Si3N4 layer with very low Si–H bonding could be deposited. The 300 nm thick SiNx film exhibited a low water vapor transmission rate of 1.18 × 10−4 g (m2 · d)−1, in addition to an optical transmittance of higher than 90%.
An expansion of local Granular Models in the design of incremental model

In this paper, the fundamental idea of Incremental Granular Models (IGM) introduced by Pedrycz and Kwak (2007) is followed and their comprehensive design framework is developed. In contrast to typical rule-based systems encountered in fuzzy modeling, the underlying principle of IGM is to consider a two-phase development. First, we build a Linear Regression (LR) model which could be treated as a global model. Next, all modeling errors are compensated by a collection of fuzzy rules that capture more localized nonlinearities of the system as a local model. Here we expand local granular models into Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFN) or Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (ANFN) with the use of information granules through Context-based Fuzzy C-Means (CFCM) clustering in the design of incremental model. Numerical studies concern two datasets coming from the machine learning repository. The experimental results revealed that both Incremental RBFN (IRBFN) and Incremental ANFN (IANFN) showed good performance in comparison to the previous works.
Diagnosis disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in rural Kenya improves antiretroviral therapy adherence and immunologic outcomes: A retrospective cohort study

Background & aims Emphasis on adolescent HIV has increased worldwide as antiretroviral treatment has greatly extended life expectancies of HIV-positive children. Few evidence-based guidelines exist on the optimal time to disclose to an adolescent living with HIV (ALHIV); little is known about the medical effects of disclosure. This study looked to determine whether disclosure is associated with improved medical outcomes in ALHIV. Prior work has tended to be qualitative, cross-sectional, and with an emphasis on psychosocial outcomes. This paper addresses the adolescent cohort retrospectively (longitudinally), building upon what is already known about disclosure. Methods Retrospective, longitudinal clinical record reviews of ALHIV seen at Kericho District Hospital between April 2004 and November 2012 were performed. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes were systematically extracted. The student’s t-test was used to calculate changes in mean CD4 count, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and cotrimoxazole adherence pre- vs. post-disclosure. Linear regression modelling assessed for trends in those clinical outcomes associated with age of disclosure. Results Ninety-six ALHIV (54 female, 42 male) were included; most (73%) entered care through the outpatient department. Nearly half were cared for by parents, and 20% experienced a change in their primary caregiver. The mean time in the study was 2.47 years; mean number of visits 10.97 per patient over the mean time in the study. Mean disclosure age was 12.34 years. An increase in mean ART adherence percentage was found with disclosure (0.802 vs. 0.917; p = 0.0015). Younger disclosure age was associated with significantly higher mean CD4 counts over the course of the study (p = 0.001), and a nonsignificant trend toward a higher mean ART adherence percentage (p = 0.055). Conclusion ART adherence and improved immunologic status are both associated with disclosure of HIV infection to adolescent patients. Disclosure of an HIV diagnosis to an adolescent is an important means to improve HIV care.
Identification of Symmetries in Molecules and Complexes

An algorithm is presented that quickly detects local and global symmetries of single molecules and complexes. Based upon the Morgan Naming Algorithm, the algorithm involves traversing the molecule from a starting atom and building up a molecule name based upon the names of the atoms encountered along the traversal. Additional molecule names are generated from other starting atoms, and name-name matches are identified as corresponding to symmetry operations. A number of enhancements relative to prior methods yield increased efficiency and extended functionality. In particular, the present method detects not only global symmetries but also local symmetries associated with bond rotations as well as symmetries that are only apparent when alternate resonance forms are considered. Importantly, the present method works not only for single molecules but also for multimolecular complexes. As a consequence, it is well, and perhaps uniquely, suited to applications in supramolecular and host-guest chemistry. Applications include filtering out redundant conformations during conformational searching and free energy calculations; accelerating ligand-receptor docking calculations by reducing the sampling ranges of rotatable bonds linked to locally symmetric groups, such as phenyls; and automating the calculation of symmetry numbers for thermochemical applications.
Approach to attack path generation based on vulnerability correlation

Network attack path analysis is an important method for analyzing the security status of computer network, which can automatically analyze the correlation between network vulnerabilities and potential threats resulting from vulnerabilities. It plays a guiding role in establishing network security policy. This paper chooses NVD and Bugtraq as vulnerability data sources, and extracts key properties required to build a vulnerability database that mainly contains privilege escalation vulnerabilities in Linux system and common server software. An association analysis of vulnerabilities and related information is made and properties are abstracted to construct atomic attacks and corresponding atomic attack database. A network attack model is constructed from network connection and host configuration. Via matching atomic attacks in attack database, the paper adopts state comparison algorithm to mine potential attack paths that may lead to specified attack goals. The experiment verifies that the proposed approach can reduce the number of attack states effectively and mine all non-redundant attack paths.
Modeling of Plasmonic Nanodevices

Plasmonic devices are modeled and simulated by incorporating a Lorentz-Drude model for the metallic materials and a multi-level multi-electron quantum model for the semiconductor materials into Maxwell’s equations. Some novel plasmonic devices such as a detector consisting of a dipole nanoantenna and a metal-semiconductor-metal detector, and a ring resonator based on a hybrid dielectric loaded waveguide are investigated with developed multiphysics modeling method. Simulation results show that the devices are very promising and can be combined with nanoelectronic integrated circuits to further improve their performance.
Learning-driven Coarse-to-Fine Articulated Robot Tracking

In this work we present an articulated tracking approach for robotic manipulators, which relies only on visual cues from colour and depth images to estimate the robot’s state when interacting with or being occluded by its environment. We hypothesise that articulated model fitting approaches can only achieve accurate tracking if subpixel-level accurate correspondences between observed and estimated state can be established. Previous work in this area has exclusively relied on either discriminative depth information or colour edge correspondences as tracking objective and required initialisation from joint encoders. In this paper we propose a coarse-to-fine articulated state estimator, which relies only on visual cues from colour edges and learned depth keypoints, and which is initialised from a robot state distribution predicted from a depth image. We evaluate our approach on four RGB-D sequences showing a KUICA LWR arm with a Schunk SDH2 hand interacting with its environment and demonstrate that this combined keypoint and edge tracking objective can estimate the palm position with an average error of 2. 5cm without using any joint encoder sensing.
Tax incentives as the tool for stimulating hard to recover oil reserves development

The share of hard-to-recover oil reserves, principally from unconventional hydrocarbon sources, has significantly increased in the world petroleum market. Russian policy of subsurface management is directed to stimulate the development, survey and involvement into production of hard-to-recover oil reserves by tax-financial and economic-organizational tools among which tax incentives is the most effective one. The article highlights different categories of hard-to-recover oil reserves as a basis for generating tax incentives. Also the aspects of tax influence on petroleum business (involved in production of had to recover reserves) in Tomsk region are revealed, both positive and negative.
Factor demand and output supply of paddy: a normalized Cobb-Douglas profit function approach

In this study an attempt has been made to study the factor demand of output supply of paddy by using a normalized Cobb-Douglas profit function Approach. The output supply and factor demand are closely interlinked to each other. Therefore, any change in factor and product prices affect the factor demand and output supply simultaneously. The present study used cross sectional cum time series data of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state for paddy crop for the ten years from 1999-00 to 2008-09 were collected from the Agricultural Prices and costs Scheme, Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Dr. PDKV, Akola by keeping in view to study the change in factor and product prices, cost and returns and to estimate factor demand and output supply by using normalized CobbDouglas profit function. The study revealed that, the gross income from paddy increased at an annual rate of 5.83 per cent per annum. It may be attributed to both, the increase in output prices as well as increase in yield. The analysis of factor demand equation showed that the demand elasticities with respect to own prices had the expected negative sign indicating that the results were in accordance with the theory of demand. The effect of wage rate was more on bullock labour demand (-0.114), while the effect of bullock labour price on human demand was low (-0.071). This indicates the one way complementarity between bullock labour and human labour. The output supply equation revealed that among the fixed factor, capital was found to be somewhat effective in increasing the supply of paddy. The output supply elasticity with respect to capital was (0.221). Joint estimation of Cobb-Douglas profit function and factor demand equation by using Zellner’s method shows that the profit function was decreased in prices of Labour, Fertilizer and seed. Among the variable factors, normalized wage rate in general had the highest negative impact on variable profit followed by seed price and bullock labour price.
Designing proteins to crystallize through β -strand pairing

Inherent difﬁculties in growing protein crystals are major concerns within structural biology and particularly in structural proteomics. Here, we describe a novel approach of engineering target proteins by surface mutagenesis to increase the odds of crystallizing the molecules. To this end, we have exploited our recent triad-hypothesis using proteins with crystallographically deﬁned β -structures as the principal models. Crystal packing analyses of 182 protein structures belonging to 21 different superfamilies implied that the propensities to crystallize could be engineered into target proteins by replacing short segments, 5–6 residues, of their β -strands with ‘cassettes’ of suitable packing motifs. These packing motifs will generate speciﬁc crystal packing interactions that promote crystallization. Key features of the primary and tertiary structures of such packing motifs have been identiﬁed for immunoglobulins. Further, packing motifs have been engineered successfully into six model antibodies without disturbing their capabilit-ies to be produced, their immunoreactivity and their overall structure. Preliminary crystallization analyses have also been performed. Taken together, the procedures outline a rational protocol for crystallizing proteins by surface mutagenesis. The importance of these ﬁndings is discussed in relation to the crystallization of proteins in general.