Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Wild Soybeans from Some Regions of Southern China Based on SSR and SRAP Markers

There are rich annual wild soybean (Glycine soja) resources in Southern China, which are the progenitor of cultivated soybean. To evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of G. soja in Southern China, we analyzed allelic profiles of 141 annual wild soybean accessions from Southern China and 8 core wild soybean accessions fromNorthern Chinaby using 41 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 18 Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations. The 41 SSR markers produced a total of 421 alleles (10.27 per locus) with a mean of gene diversity of 0.825 (Simpson index) and 1.987 (Shannon-weaver index). The 18 SRAP primer combinations detected a total of 90 polymorphism bands (5 per primer combination) with a mean of gene diversity of 0.918 (Shannon-weaver index). SSR and SRAP markers detected 43 and 5 rare alleles in 149 wild soybeans, respectively. The wild soybeans from Fujian province showed the highest genetic diversity with Shannon-weaver index of 1.837 (by SSR) and 0.803 (by SRAP), and the highest allelic richness with an average of 8.8 alleles per locus and the most number of rare alleles of 0.68 per locus based on SSR data. An analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) analysis showed that significant variance did exist amongHunan,Fujian, Guangxi andNorthern Chinasubpopulations based on SSR and SRAP data. The unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis indicated that the wild soybeans fromFujianprovince occurred in different clusters based on both SSR and SRAP data. The above results indicated thatFujianprovince could be the major center of genetic diversity for annual wild soybean inSouthern China. In addition, Mantle test showed there was a weak positive linear correlation (r = 0.25) between SSR and SRAP analysis in the study.
Minimum Weighted Residual Methods in Endogeneous Growth Models

The paper deals with the application of Minimum Weighted Residual Methods (MWR) in intertemporal optimizing models of endogenous economic growth. In the 1st part of the paper the basics of the MWR method are described. Attention is mainly concentrated on one special class of MWR methods: the orthogonal collocation method with the Chebyshev polynomial basis. The second part of the paper is devoted to the setup of a model of endogenous growth with human capital accumulation and the government sector and to the derivation of 1st order conditions which form a Two-Point-Boundary-Value problem. A transformation of the problem which eliminates the growth in variables is then presented and the MWR method is used to solve the model for some policy experiments.
The social implications of winner and loser effects

Winner and loser effects have now been documented in a number of species. To our knowledge, experimental work, however, has focused exclusively on pairwise interactions, and not the extent to which winner and loser effects impact hierarchy formation. We report the results of experimentally manipulated winner and loser effects on hierarchy formation in a socially living species, the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. Our results demonstrate that randomly chosen winners in pairwise aggressive contests were more likely to emerge as top–ranked individuals in a hierarchy, whereas randomly chosen losers were more likely to emerge as the lowest–ranking individuals, and that ‘winner–neutral–loser’ hierarchies were significantly overrepresented.
Post's problem and his hypersimple set

A standard enumeration of the recursively enumerable (r.e.) sets is an acceptable numbering {Wn}n∈N of the r.e. sets in the sense of Rogers [5, p. 41], together with a 1:1 recursive function f with range In his quest for nonrecursive incomplete r.e. sets Post [4] constructed a hypersimple set Hf, relative to a fixed but unspecified standard enumeration f. Although it was later shown that hyper-simplicity does not guarantee incompleteness, the ironic possibility remained that Post's own particular hypersimple set might be incomplete. We settle the question by proving that H, may be either complete or incomplete depending upon which standard enumeration f is used. In contrast, D. A. Martin has shown [3] that Post's simple set S [4, p. 298] is complete for any standard enumeration. Furthermore, what most modern recursion theorists would regard as the “natural” construction of a hypersimple set (which we give in §1) is also complete for any standard enumeration. There are two conclusions to be drawn from these results. First, they substantiate the often repeated remark among recursion theorists that Post's hypersimple set construction is a precursor of priority constructions because priorities play a strong role, and because there is a great deal of “restraint” which tends to keep elements out of the set. Secondly, the results warn recursion theorists that more properties than might have been supposed depend upon which standard enumeration is chosen at the beginning of the construction of some r.e. set.
Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. II. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rg1 in the rat.

The pharmacokinetic charactor of ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main saponins of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER), was investigated in rats by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and a dual-wavelength TLC scanner. Ginsenoside Rg1 was absorbed rapidly from the upper parts of the digestive tract (accounting for 1.9-20.0% of the dose of Rg1 administered orally). The serum level of ginsenoside Rg1 reached its peak at 30 min, and the maximum levels of ginsenoside Rg1 in tissues were attained within 1.5 h. However, ginsenoside Rg1 was not found in the brain. Ginsenoside Rg1 was excreted into rat urine and bile in a 2 : 5 ratio. It was also proved that ginsenoside Rg1 was not significantly metabolized in the liver. However, the decomposition and/or metabolism of ginsenoside Rg1 in rat stomach and large intestine were confirmed.
Tomographie tridimensionnelle à partir des temps des premières arrivées des ondes P et S : application à la région de Patras (Grèce)

La tomographie a partir des temps de trajet des ondes sismiques donne des images de l'interieur de la terre, et represente ainsi un outil important pour une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes geodynamiques. A l'echelle locale, l'inversion simultanee de la localisation des seismes et d'un modele tridimensionnel de la structure de vitesse de la region etudiee est necessaire. Afin de resoudre ce double probleme inverse non-lineaire, une methode iterative d'inversion conjointe des parametres de localisation et de vitesse a ete developpee. A chaque iteration, les rais, perturbes non lineairement par les variations du champ de vitesse, sont recalcules dans le nouveau milieu a partir des nouvelles positions et le systeme linearise est alors inverse par la technique iterative lsqr (paige et saunders), amortie. La structure de vitesse est echantillonnee par les rais de la source au recepteur. Le probleme direct consiste a calculer les temps de trajet entre ces deux points dans une structure complexe tridimensionnelle. Deux approches ont ete comparees: un trace de rais par perturbation, utilisant une description par b-splines de la structure de vitesse, et une resolution directe de l'equation eikonale par des schemas aux differences finies sur une grille, s'appuyant sur une interpolation lineaire du milieu. Les images reconstruites sont sensibles a l'interpolation adoptee. Des tests synthetiques ont permis de valider la procedure d'inversion, et d'en estimer la sensibilite dans les conditions d'acquisition des donnees reelles et de leur distribution. Au cours de ces tests, une renormalisation des parametres de vitesse et de localisation s'est revelee necessaire pour regulariser l'inversion, en raison de la dimension physique differente de ces parametres. Le schema d'inversion developpe a ensuite ete applique a des donnees de microsismicite pour retrouver la structure heterogene tridimensionnelle (50x50x20 km) de la croute dans la region du golfe de patras (grece). Ces donnees ont ete enregistrees par une soixantaine de stations digitales au cours d'une campagne effectuee en 1991. Les microseismes repartis sous le reseau nous ont permis de realiser une tomographie de qualite a partir des premieres arrivees des ondes p et s. Des images detaillees de la structure de vitesse montrent une asymetrie s/n en accord avec le contexte tectonique
Some Logical Aspects of Nagarjuna's System

THE MADHYAMIKA SCHOOL, founded by NSigrjuna (2nd century A.D. ), has been known to modern scholarship since the time of Emile Burnouf, over a century ago. During the past six decades, it has been studied by Indian, European, and Japanese scholars, who have generally conceded that this school is crucial for the history of Indian philosophy, both Buddhist and non-Buddhist. Ndg;rjuna has been widely praised as a great dialectician. However, a large residue of bafflement has remained after each attempt to elucidate the true message of the Midhyamikas. This is inevitable in the nature of the case, since the pioneers have had to grapple with more or less corrupt texts in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese; to compare the Midhyamikas with their Buddhist, Naiyiyika, and Sirihkhya opponents, whose systems were almost equally ill-known; and to render the Mddhyamika texts intelligible in terms of Occidental philosophy. The most productive period of Mddhyamika studies commenced with the publication of Th. Stcherbatsky's The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana in 1927. The ontological problem, the question of the Absolute in the Midhyamika system, then became central. Louis de La Vallee Poussin, Stanislaw Schayer, and others debated this theme somewhat acrimoniously with Stcherbatsky. La Vallee Poussin's death and World War II interrupted the debate. The task of translating the Prasannapadt was continued by J. W. De Jong,' who also wrote the most lucid of all articles on the Midhyamika conception of the Absolute.2 T. R. V. Murti's The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, published in 1955, continued the work of Stcherbatsky and his opponent-colleagues, and brought the "metaphysical" phase of investigation to its point of maximum returns. The "metaphysical" debate has exhibited extreme variety of opinion, and the attempt to describe Midhyamika as an "ism" has led various people to call it nihilism, negativism, monism, relativism, irrationalism, criticism, and
The Effects of Hospital Competition on Inpatient Quality of Care

Existing empirical studies have produced inconclusive, and sometimes contradictory, findings on the effects of hospital competition on inpatient quality of care. These inconsistencies may be due to the use of different methodologies, hospital competition measures, and hospital quality measures. This paper applies the Quality Indicator software from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to the 1997 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases to create three versions (i.e., observed, risk-adjusted, and “smoothed”) of 38 distinct measures of inpatient quality. The relationship between 12 different hospital competition measures and these quality measures are assessed, using ordinary least squares, two-step efficient generalized method of moments, and negative binomial regression techniques. We find that across estimation strategies, hospital competition has an impact on a number of hospital quality measures. However, the effect is not unidirectional: some indicators show improvements in hospital quality with greater levels of competition, some show decreases in hospital quality, and others are unaffected. We provide hypotheses based on emerging areas of research that could explain these findings, but inconsistencies remain.
Modelagem do plunger lift convencional

Um modelo hidrodinâmico foi desenvolvido para o processo ciclico de uma instalacao convencional de plunger lift. A producao do reservatorio e computada, em cada instante do ciclo, por uma IPR. O pistao e considerado estanque, nao permitindo fallback nem passagem de gas quando da sua subida pela coluna de producao. Assume-se que a abertura da linha de producao e controlada pela pressao no revestimento, e que a mesma e deixada aberta por um certo tempo apos a chegada do pistao a superficie (afterfiow). Desenvolveu-se ainda um metodo para verificar se e possivel ter-se o acumulo de liquido apenas na coluna de producao durante o periodo de crescimento de pressao. Mostra-se que e preciso que o poco tenha uma RGL minima para isto acontecer. Esta RGL e tao maior quanto maior for a profundidade do poco e quanto maior for a relacao entre as areas do anular e da coluna de producao. Para um poco tipico, analisa-se os efeitos da pressao no revestimento para abertura da linha e do tempo de afterflow na producao do poco. Mostra-se que para uma dada pressao de abertura, ha um tempo otimo de afterflow, e que para um dado tempo de afterflow, quanto menor a pressao de abertura maior a producao. As previsoes do modelo foram ainda verificadas contra medicoes realizadas em um poco real, em termos de producao e de comportamento da pressao na superficie na coluna de producao e no revestimento, com bons resultados Abstract
Modeling dynamic hand gesture based on geometric features

Hand gesture identification is one of problems being widely studied. There are two research trends corresponding to two data types, which are static and dynamic gestures. The static gesture is recognized based on the hand shape, while motion is the main feature in identifying dynamic gestures. In this paper, we propose an approach for modeling the dynamic hand gestures based on a combination of two mentioned information. At first, the hand silhouette is extracted using a skin-color filter. A sequence of geometric manipulations is then performed to remove the possible arm. The characteristics which describe the hand shape and motion orientation are estimated. Finally, the k-means clustering technique is combined with hidden Markov model to model each dynamic gesture. The experiments are performed on human-computer interaction dataset and obtain high efficiency.
Crystal filter 50 MHz for applications in specific environmental conditions

High quality crystal filter which operates at 50 MHz has been realized. The filter with bandwidth of 15 kHz, and special requirements regarding the electrical and environmental characteristics, is designed by using the transformation techniques applied on the cascade of lattice sections. Filter realization was performed at the Institute Mihailo Pupin, Belgrade, in cooperation with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade.
Incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the Jiangsu province of China, 2008–2011

Background It is important to have an estimate of the incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) because the incidence of ADEM is unknown and the outcomes undefined in China. Objectives This study attempts to describe ADEM incidence in large Chinese populations located in four geographically different and moderately distant areas of the same province. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted with ADEM patients in Nanjing, Nantong, Yancheng and Xuzhou. The survey was carried out in regions that might have received patients meeting the case definition of ADEM provided by the International Pediatric MS Study Group from 2008 to 2011. A total of 125 hospitals were included and 412 patients were identified through the hospital information systems (HIS). Results The incidence of ADEM was 0.32/100,000/year. There are two peaks on the age-specific ADEM rates curve. One is 0.77/100,000/year among 0- to 9-year-olds, the other is 0.45/100,000/year in those aged 50–59 years. The incidence rate found for ADEM in males was 0.34/100,000/year, and in females was 0.29/100,000/year. The highest incidence rate was in Nanjing (0.40/100,000/year). Conclusions The average annual incidence of ADEM was 0.32/100,000/year. The peak age of onset was 50–59 years old and 0–9 years old. The incidence among males was insignificantly higher than that among females. There was no significant difference in incidence by seasonal variation.
Experimental verification of a new analytical procedure to design a compact bandpass filters for ISM and WiMAX applications

This paper presents a new efficient numerical formulations procedure to predict the responses of a N-poles Chebyshev parallel-coupled Microstrip bandpass filter for wireless communication technologies. Based on the transmission line theory approach, these numerical formulations have been developed using the mathematical analysis concept to predict the desired s-parameters of the desired filter. To validate the theoretical method developed in this work, a third and a second order parallel coupled microstrip band pass filters for WiMAX and ISM band respectively have been fabricated and measured. The measured scattering-parameters show a very good agreement with predictions by the theoretical responses, which validates the design procedure of the proposed filter.
Localization of spherical lesions in tumor-mimicking phantoms by 3D sparse array photoacoustic imaging.

PURPOSE The authors have developed a sparse-array photoacoustic imaging (SPAI) system that is capable of mapping 3D distributions of optical absorption using a small number of laser pulses with no mechanical scanning needed. In previous studies, the authors have shown the localization accuracy and the high frame-rate image acquisition on simple phantoms with limited medical relevance. The purpose of this study was to test the imaging capabilities of SPAI in the context of breast tumor detection and localization. METHODS The authors constructed an array of phantoms that include spherical lesions of sizes 1.5-9 mm, buried in highly scattering tissue phantoms at depths of 3-30 mm. The authors investigated both homogeneous lesions made of blood at varying concentrations and heterogeneous lesions containing vessel-like structures. Volumetric images of the deeply buried lesions were taken at increasingly shallower depths and image-based localization was compared to measured depth. RESULTS The authors were able to detect and accurately localize homogeneous lesions having a realistic absorption coefficient of 0.2 cm(-1) down to depths of 9-20 mm, and heterogeneous lesions containing 0.5 mm diameter vessel-like structures down to depths of 13-20 mm. Image acquisition required 2.5 s for each volumetric lesion image. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 3D SPAI can detect highly vascularized lesions well below 1 cm in diameter and can overcome optical scatter of tissue to depths of 1-2 cm. With further improvement in the sensitivity and noise characteristics of the imaging system, similar imaging depths should be within reach in real breast tissue. The method, due to its optical contrast, 3D imaging, and fast acquisition, may prove useful in the clinic as an adjunct to existing breast screening tools.
Flots microscopiques et mécanisme de la diffusion en phase liquide

Le manuscrit de these se propose de concilier les points de vue developpes par les theories microscopiques et la theorie hydrodynamique sur la diffusion. Nous testons les hypotheses hydrodynamiques et tentons d'obtenir une reformulation de celles-ci a partir d'arguments microscopiques. En particulier, pour un fluide laminaire visqueux, la force exercee sur une particule spherique ou encore le champ de vitesse autour d'une particule spherique en mouvement, respectivement decrits par la force de Basset-Boussinesq et la solution de Stokes, seront l'objet de notre investigation. Leurs formes sont-elles pertinentes a l'echelle microscopique ? Si oui, comment peut-on les exprimer a l'echelle moleculaire ? Pour ce faire, nous avons realise des simulations moleculaires et base notre developpement a l'aide de la theorie de Mori-Zwanzig. Dans un premier temps, nous etudions l'evolution des fluctuations de la particule afin d'interpreter le comportement aux temps longs et realisons le lien avec l'inertie, la diffusion et l'hydrodynamique. Puis nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour extraire le flot microscopique de fluides Lennard-Jones ou granulaires afin de le comparer directement aux solutions hydrodynamiques, ce qui nous permet d'etudier les conditions aux bords. Nous avons pu developper une expression analytique pour les conditions aux bords du flot ou les fluctuations jouent un role clef. A l'aide des outils d'analyse developpes, nous pouvons aussi investiguer le couplage entre le mouvement translationnel et rotationnel. Enfin nous etendons notre analyse a des systemes tels que les ions aqueux et l'eau surfondue.
A Toxoplasma gondii-derived factor(s) stimulates immune downregulation: an in vitro model

Suppression of the T-cell lymphoproliferative response and downregulation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by Toxoplasma gondii has been observed following in vivo infection. In this study, an experimental in vitro murine system was developed to evaluate the kinetics of these responses. Normal splenocytes from uninfected mice were stimulated with either concanavalin A or an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and cocultured with Toxoplasma tachyzoites either directly or separated by a transwell. A progressive decline in the lymphoproliferative response was observed as the concentration of parasites in culture increased. Neither heat-killed nor formaldehyde-fixed parasites stimulated this downregulatory response by the splenocytes. A decline in IL-2 production was associated with the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation. The addition of an antibody to IL-10 or heat-inactivated anti-Toxoplasma sera to the culture supernatant partially neutralized the inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Cytokine analysis of the responder splenocytes demonstrated a decrease in the message for IL-2 and IL-2 receptor and an increase in IL-10. Together, these observations suggest that during in vitro culture in a murine system, parasite antigens that stimulate the release of a soluble factor(s), such as IL-10, that inhibits proliferation of mitogen-stimulated T cells are expressed.
Trends in perinatal and infant health disparities between rural American Indians and Alaska natives and rural Whites.

OBJECTIVES We examined disparities in perinatal care, birth outcomes, and infant health between rural American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) persons and rural Whites over time. METHODS We compared perinatal and infant health measures for 217 064 rural AIAN births and 5 032 533 rural non-Hispanic White births. RESULTS Among American Indians and Alaska Natives, unadjusted rates of inadequate prenatal care (1985-1987, 36.3%; 1995-1997, 26.3%) and postneonatal death (1985-1987, 7.1 per 1000; 1995-1997, 4.8 per 1000) improved significantly. However, disparities between American Indians and Alaska Natives and Whites in adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of postneonatal death (1985-1987, AOR = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41, 1.71; 1995-1997, AOR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.64) and adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) of inadequate prenatal care (1985-1987, ARR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.65, 1.69; 1995-1997, ARR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.81, 1.87) persisted. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant decreases in inadequate prenatal care and postneonatal death among American Indians and Alaska Natives, additional measures are needed to close persistent health gaps for this group.