Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of service initiation signals used in bars

Recognizing the intention of others is important in all social interactions, especially in the service domain. Enabling a bartending robot to serve customers is particularly challenging as the system has to recognize the social signals produced by customers and respond appropriately. Detecting whether a customer would like to order is essential for the service encounter to succeed. This detection is particularly challenging in a noisy environment with multiple customers. Thus, a bartending robot has to be able to distinguish between customers intending to order, chatting with friends or just passing by. In order to study which signals customers use to initiate a service interaction in a bar, we recorded real-life customer-staff interactions in several German bars. These recordings were used to generate initial hypotheses about the signals customers produce when bidding for the attention of bar staff. Two experiments using snapshots and short video sequences then tested the validity of these hypothesized candidate signals. The results revealed that bar staff responded to a set of two non-verbal signals: first, customers position themselves directly at the bar counter and, secondly, they look at a member of staff. Both signals were necessary and, when occurring together, sufficient. The participants also showed a strong agreement about when these cues occurred in the videos. Finally, a signal detection analysis revealed that ignoring a potential order is deemed worse than erroneously inviting customers to order. We conclude that (a) these two easily recognizable actions are sufficient for recognizing the intention of customers to initiate a service interaction, but other actions such as gestures and speech were not necessary, and (b) the use of reaction time experiments using natural materials is feasible and provides ecologically valid results.
CRAFT: Helping Latino Families Concerned About a Loved One

ABSTRACT Getting treatment-resistant relatives, or identified patients (IPs), motivated to seek help for alcohol problems is a challenge for many concerned significant others (CSOs). The Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) approach is a program that teaches CSOs how to effectively communicate with their IPs to engage them to seek treatment. CRAFT may be considered a culturally appropriate approach for Latinos because of its collaborative relationship with the family system. In addition to capitalizing on the bonds of the Latino family to engage IPs into treatment, CRAFT is a structured, practical, and time-limited treatment method; these are elements that Latinos generally prefer in therapy. The present paper elaborates on the appeal and utility of the CRAFT approach for Latino CSOs. This research demonstrates that CRAFT was successful in helping both Latino and Euro-American CSOs engage their IPs into treatment. Moreover, CSO emotional functioning and family functioning improved for both ethnic groups. Because the Latinos who participated in this research were moderately to highly acculturated to the mainstream culture, it is uncertain how successful the CRAFT approach would be in helping less acculturated Latino CSOs. Recommendations are offered to adapt CRAFT for less acculturated Latinos.
The Effect of Familiar Melodies on Initial Learning and Long-term Memory for Unconnected Text

In two experiments we tested the hypothesis that music, in the form of a familiar melody, can serve as an effective mnemonic device. Prior research has provided very little support for this commonly held belief. In both studies, participants learned a list of names that they heard either spoken or sung to a familiar tune. In Experiment 1, the melody was "Pop Goes the Weasel"; in Experiment 2, the melody was "Yankee Doodle. " We measured the number of trials to learn the list initially and the number of trials to relearn the list a week later. In both studies, there was no advantage in initial learning for those who learned the names to the musical accompaniment. However,in both studies, participants who heard the sung version required fewer trials to relearn the list of names a week later than did participants who heard the spoken version.
Heavy and Complex X-Ray Absorption toward the Nucleus of Markarian 6

We have used the ASCA satellite to make the first X-ray spectra of Mrk 6, a bright Seyfert 1.5 galaxy with complex and variable permitted lines, an ionization cone, and remarkable radio structures. Our 0.6-9.5 keV spectra penetrate to the black hole core of this Seyfert and reveal heavy and complex intrinsic X-ray absorption. Both total covering and single partial covering models fail to acceptably fit the observed absorption, and double partial covering or partial covering plus warm absorption appears to be required. The double partial covering model provides the best statistical fit to the data, and we measure large column densities of ≈(3-20)×1022 cm-2 irrespective of the particular spectral model under consideration. These X-ray columns are over an order of magnitude larger than expected based on observations at longer wavelengths. Our data suggest that most of the X-ray absorption occurs either in gas that has a relatively small amount of dust or in gas that is located within the broad-line region. The X-ray absorber may well be the putative "atmosphere" above the torus that collimates the ionization cone. We also detect an apparently broad 6.4 keV iron Kα line, and we present optical spectra demonstrating that the optical emission lines were in a representative state during our ASCA observation.
A Survey on Security and Privacy in Wireless Sensor Network

Over the past few years, the concern of security is increasing day by day. Without proper protection, any part of any network can be susceptible to attacks or unauthorized activity. Ring Signature is a type of digital signature that enable a user to sign a message so that ring of possible signers is identified without revealing exactly which member of that ring actually generated the signature. Ring signatures are completely ad-hoc in nature there is no requirement of any central authority or coordination among different users. In this paper, we review summarize the study of ring signature schemes and scrutinize their relationships with other existing cryptographic schemes and discuss the uses and the mechanism used by ring signature.
IMGT/LIGM-DB, the IMGT® comprehensive database of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor nucleotide sequences

IMGT/LIGM-DB is the IMGT® comprehensive database of immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) nucleotide sequences from human and other vertebrate species. It was created in 1989 by LIGM, Montpellier, France and is the oldest and the largest database of IMGT®. IMGT/LIGM-DB includes all germline (non-rearranged) and rearranged IG and TR genomic DNA (gDNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences published in generalist databases. IMGT/LIGM-DB allows searches from the Web interface according to biological and immunogenetic criteria through five distinct modules depending on the user interest. For a given entry, nine types of display are available including the IMGT flat file, the translation of the coding regions and the analysis by the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. IMGT/LIGM-DB distributes expertly annotated sequences. The annotations hugely enhance the quality and the accuracy of the distributed detailed information. They include the sequence identification, the gene and allele classification, the constitutive and specific motif description, the codon and amino acid numbering, and the sequence obtaining information, according to the main concepts of IMGT-ONTOLOGY. They represent the main source of IG and TR gene and allele knowledge stored in IMGT/GENE-DB and in the IMGT reference directory. IMGT/LIGM-DB is freely available at .
Personality and Physical Correlates of Bulimic Symptomatology among Mexican American Female College Students.

Although eating disorders have been the focus of much research, the inclusion of minority populations in such investigations has been minimal. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine personality and physical correlates of bulimic symptomatology in a sample of Mexican American female college students. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that body mass and endorsement of U.S. societal values concerning attractiveness were related positively to bulimic symptomatology, accounting for a combined 38% of the variance. Age, body satisfaction, and acculturation level, however, were unrelated to bulimic symptoms. Implications for counseling interventions as well as directions for future research are discussed
How to Interpret a Functional or Motility Test - Slow Nutrient Drinking Test

The gastric barostat study is the gold standard method for evaluating gastric perception and accommodation. This technique has serious drawbacks, such as expense and invasiveness. Several drinking tests have been developed as noninvasive methods. Such tests are easily performed without special instruments and are well tolerated. We have reported that (1) a threshold volume inducing mild bloating in the slow nutrient drinking test might be an alternative parameter of gastric accommodation volume as determined by the barostat method and (2) the maximum satiety volume in the drinking test correlated positively with the pressure to induce severe discomfort in healthy volunteers, indicating that the slow nutrient drinking test may be useful for evaluating accommodation volume and the threshold to induce severe discomfort. However, the correlation between the maximum satiety drinking volume and accommodation volume as measured by the barostat study has been controversial. Therefore, validation of a certain nutrient drink test for measuring gastroduodenal function might be recommended in each institution.
Improving Timing-Driven FPGA Packing with Physical Information

The traditional approach to FPGA packing and CLB-level placement has been shown to yield significantly worse quality than approaches which allow BLEs to move during placement. In practice, however, modern FPGA architectures require expensive DRC checks which can render full BLE-level placement impractical. We address this problem by proposing a novel clustering framework that uses physical information to produce better initial packings which can, in turn, reduce the amount of BLE-level placement that is required. We quantify our packing technique across accepted benchmarks and show that it produces results with 16% less wire length, 19% smaller minimum channel widths, and 8% less critical path delay, on average, than leading methods.
Molecular Characterization of Two Lactate Dehydrogenase Genes with a Novel Structural Organization on the Genome of Lactobacillus sp. Strain MONT4

ABSTRACT Two lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) genes from Lactobacillus sp. strain MONT4 were cloned by complementation in Escherichia coli DC1368 (ldh pfl) and were sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed a novel genomic organization of the ldh genes. Subcloning of the individual ldh genes and their Northern blot analyses indicated that the genes are monocistronic.
Studies In The Pronunciation Of English: A Commemorative Volume In Honour Of A. C. Gimson

Section I: Prosody 1. Tone in English: Discoursal or Attitudinal? The Case of Falling Tags Alan Cruttenden 2. The Compound Fall-rise: The Case For and Against Charles Gussenhoven 3. Intonation Relations in Discourse Jill House 4. Stress and Rhythm J. R. Baldwin. Section II: Segmentality 5. Old English Short Vowels Before Nasals Nils Davidsen-Nielsen 6. Linguistic Principles in Text-to-Speech Reprocessing John Laver 7. Rhythmic Variation in English Word Forms J. Windsor Lewis. Section III: Received Pronunciation 8. R.P.: Fact and Fiction Susan Ramsaran 9. // in English Andr Martinet 10.The Sociolinguistics of R.P. Howard Giles and Nikolas Coupland. Section IV: Non-R.P. English 11. The Pronunciation of English in India R. K. Bansal 12. Vowel Qualities in Tyneside English John Local 13. North German Pronunciation of English Hiltrud Martens 14. Teaching the English Vowel System to Shona Speakers A.J.C. Pongweni 15. Stress and Intonation and the Intelligibility of South African Black English L.W. Lanham 16. The Vowel System in Standard South African English Roger Lass. Section V: Phonology 17. The Influence of Considering Universals in Expressing the Phonotactics of English P. Ashby and M. C. Ashby 18. The History of Pronunciation in English Language Dictionaries Arthur Bronstein 19. The Lexical Phonology of Vowel Length in English John Harris 20. GB/US Vowel Systems: Loan-Word Evidence G. Lindsey 21. Some Vowel Systems of American English William Moulton 22. Stress and Syllabicity J. C. Wells 23. The Description of Connected Speech Processes F. Nolan and P. Kerswill 24. Phonaesthesia and Phonotactics: The Power of Folk-Lexicology K. Wales 25. Phonological Reductions in Connected Speech W. D. Bald.
Drawings on napkins, video-game animation, and other ways to program computers

P usually type characters on a keyboard to enter, test, and debug computer programs. More than 30 years ago researchers began augmenting those characters with diagrams [20] but pure ASCII text is still the ubiquitous standard. We will argue that these attempts to make programming more visual have failed to become mainstream because they are too conservative. Various radical syntaxes for programs are feasible and offer many advantages over the state of the art. Programs, for example, can be defined by the topology of sketches, even hand-drawn scanned sketches [8]. A programming environment can parse these sketches and generate animations of the drawings that evolve as the program executes [6]. Or programs can be defined by manipulating physical objects, for example, by connecting blocks together [21] or inserting plastic cards into slots [17]. We are currently building a system called ToonTalk in which programs are created, run, and debugged in a manner that closely resembles playing a video game [7]. In the near future we may see program development systems that exist only in virtual reality or ones that interpret gestures in the real world. Program sources need not be static collections of text or even Drawings on Napkins, Video-Game Animation,and Other Ways to Program Computers K e n K a h n •
Implicit Theories of Creativity: the conceptions of politicians, scientists, artists and school teachers

While a high number of studies have focused on the nature of creativity and on approaches to identify and to promote creativity there is a lack of studies analysing people's implicit theories of creativity. The present study investigates implicit theories of individuals who are assumed to influence other's views on creativity. We collected data from politicians, scientists, artists and school teachers. Subjects were asked to write down what they spontaneously associate to the term “creativity”. Answers were analysed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Out of the 560 subjects asked, only 145 participated in the study. Answers were compared with regard to profession, gender, and country (Austria versus Germany). In general, results show extremely high answer variability. Differences in the number of associations produced and the most frequent words associated with creativity are higher across profession groups than between females and males and between respondents from Austria and from Germ.
Complex Structure of Bacillus subtilis RibG

Bacterial RibG is a potent target for antimicrobial agents, because it catalyzes consecutive deamination and reduction steps in the riboflavin biosynthesis. In the N-terminal deaminase domain of Bacillus subtilis RibG, structure-based mutational analyses demonstrated that Glu51 and Lys79 are essential for the deaminase activity. In the C-terminal reductase domain, the complex structure with the substrate at 2.56-Å resolution unexpectedly showed a ribitylimino intermediate bound at the active site, and hence suggested that the ribosyl reduction occurs through a Schiff base pathway. Lys151 seems to have evolved to ensure specific recognition of the deaminase product rather than the substrate. Glu290, instead of the previously proposed Asp199, would seem to assist in the proton transfer in the reduction reaction. A detailed comparison reveals that the reductase and the pharmaceutically important enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase involved in the riboflavin and folate biosyntheses, share strong conservation of the core structure, cofactor binding, catalytic mechanism, even the substrate binding architecture.
Impact of Nutrition on Cerebral Circulation and Cognition in the Metabolic Syndrome

The increasing prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), defined as the clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, appears to be driving the global epidemics cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutrition has a major impact on MetS and plays an important role in the prevention, development, and treatment of its features. Structural and functional alterations in the vasculature, associated with MetS, might form the link between MetS and the increased risk of developing CVD and T2DM. Not only does the peripheral vasculature seem to be affected, but the syndrome has a profound impact on the cerebral circulation and thence brain structure as well. Furthermore, strong associations are shown with stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. In this review the impact of nutrition on the individual components of MetS, the effects of MetS on peripheral and cerebral vasculature, and its consequences for brain structure and function will be discussed.
A Robust System to Detect and Localize Texts in Natural Scene Images

In this paper, we present a robust system to accurately detect and localize texts in natural scene images. For text detection, a region-based method utilizing multiple features and cascade AdaBoost classifier is adopted. For text localization, a window grouping method integrating text line competition analysis is used to generate text lines. Then within each text line, local binarization is used to extract candidate connected components (CCs) and non-text CCs are filtered out by Markov Random Fields (MRF) model, through which text line can be localized accurately. Experiments on the public benchmark ICDAR 2003 Robust Reading and Text Locating Dataset show that our system is comparable to the best existing methods both in accuracy and speed.
Relationship of residual mood and panic–agoraphobic spectrum phenomenology to quality of life and functional impairment in patients with major depression

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of residual mood and panic–agoraphobic spectrum phenomenology to functional impairment and quality of life in 226 adult outpatients who had remitted from a major depressive episode. Quality of life and functioning were assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Residual symptoms were assessed using the Mood and Panic–Agoraphobic Spectrum Questionnaires. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship of mood and panic–agoraphobic spectrum factors with quality of life and functioning. Poor quality of life was associated with the Mood Spectrum Self-Report Questionnaire factors ‘depressive mood’ and ‘psychotic features’ and the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report Questionnaire factors ‘separation anxiety’ and ‘loss sensitivity’. Functional impairment was associated with the Mood Spectrum Self-Report Questionnaire factor ‘psychomotor retardation’ and the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report Questionnaire factor ‘fear of losing control’. These relationships were held after controlling for the severity of depression at the entry in the continuation treatment phase. In conclusion, the spectrum assessment is a useful tool for clinicians to identify areas of residual symptomatology that can be targeted with focused and effective long-term treatment strategies.
Accumulation of CCR4+ CTLA-4hi FOXP3+CD25hi Regulatory T Cells in Colon Adenocarcinomas Correlate to Reduced Activation of Conventional T Cells

Background Colorectal cancer usually gives rise to a specific anti-tumor immune response, but for unknown reasons the resulting immunity is not able to clear the tumor. Recruitment of activated effector lymphocytes to the tumor is important for efficient anti-tumor responses, while the presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) down-modulate tumor-specific immunity. We therefore aimed to determine homing mechanisms and activation stage of Treg and effector T cell infiltrating colon tumors compared to cells from the unaffected mucosa in patients suffering from colon adenocarcinoma. Methodology/Principal Findings Lymphocytes were isolated from unaffected and tumor mucosa from patients with colon adenocarcinoma, and flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR was used to investigate the homing mechanisms and activation stage of infiltrating Treg and conventional lymphocytes. We detected significantly higher frequencies of CD25highFOXP3+CD127low putative Treg in tumors than unaffected mucosa, which had a complete demethylation in the FOXP3 promotor. Tumor-associated Treg had a high expression of CTLA-4, and some appeared to be antigen experienced effector/memory cells based on their expression of αEβ7 (CD103). There were also significantly fewer activated T cells and more CTLA-4+ conventional T cells susceptible to immune regulation in the tumor-associated mucosa. In contrast, CD8+granzyme B+ putative cytotoxic cells were efficiently recruited to the tumors. The frequencies of cells expressing α4β7 and the Th1 associated chemokine receptor CXCR3 were significantly decreased among CD4+ T cells in the tumor, while frequencies of CD4+CCR4+ lymphocytes were significantly increased. Conclusions/Significance This study shows that CCR4+CTLA4hi Treg accumulate in colon tumors, while the frequencies of activated conventional Th1 type T cells are decreased. The altered lymphocyte composition in colon tumors will probably diminish the ability of the immune system to effectively attack tumor cells, and reducing the Treg activity is an important challenge for future immunotherapy protocols.