Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF MIXING PATTERNS IN A VENTILATED AIRSPACE WITH A MULTIPLE AIRFLOW REGIONS GAMMA MODEL

A model called the multiple airflow regions gamma model (MARGM) was developed based on a continuous distribution of residence time for predicting the mixing behavior in a ventilated airspace in that data interpretation and mean residence time calculation for a specified output concentration profile can also be evaluated. The MARGM takes the form of the two-parameter gamma distribution and accounts for different mixing types: complete mixing, no mixing (piston flow), incomplete mixing, and various combinations of the above types. In these combinations, the different mixing types simulated by the MARGM conceptually represent airflow regions in series. The mixing efficiency was introduced to characterize the extent or degree of mixing in a ventilation system. Mixing efficiency equals zero for piston flow (no mixing), unity for complete mixing, and a value in between these two extremes for incomplete mixing. The MARGM simulates the combinations of complete mixing, incomplete mixing, and piston flow. Therefore, seven models are introduced in this effort: complete mixing model, piston flow model, complete-piston flow model, complete-incomplete-piston flow model (the general model), complete-incomplete mixing model, incomplete-piston flow model, and incomplete mixing model. The applicability of models was tested by several case studies. Results show that combination models give better fitting than other simpler models. The MARGM enables building microenvironment designers reconsider the possibilities and consequences of various forms of incomplete mixing in investigating indoor air quality problems.
Mast cell degranulation during abdominal surgery initiates postoperative ileus in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammation of the intestinal muscularis following manipulation during surgery plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus. Here, we evaluate the role of mast cell activation in the recruitment of infiltrates in a murine model. METHODS Twenty-four hours after control laparotomy or intestinal manipulation, gastric emptying was determined. Mast cell degranulation was determined by measurement of mast cell protease-I in peritoneal fluid. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by determination of tissue myeloperoxidase activity and histochemical staining. RESULTS Intestinal manipulation elicited a significant increase in mast cell protease-I levels in peritoneal fluid and resulted in recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates to the intestinal muscularis. This infiltrate was associated with a delay in gastric emptying 24 hours after surgery. Pretreatment with mast cell stabilizers ketotifen (1 mg/kg, p.o.) or doxantrazole (5 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented both manipulation-induced inflammation and gastroparesis. Reciprocally, in vivo exposure of an ileal loop to the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (0.2 mg/mL for 1 minute) induced muscular inflammation and delayed gastric emptying. The manipulation-induced inflammation was dependent on the presence of mast cells because intestinal manipulation in mast cell-deficient Kit/Kitv mice did not elicit significant leukocyte recruitment. Reconstitution of Kit/Kitv mice with cultured bone marrow-derived mast cells from congenic wild types restored the manipulation-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that degranulation of connective tissue mast cells is a key event for the establishment of the intestinal infiltrate that mediates postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery.
Breast cancer associated transcriptional repressor PLU‐1/JARID1B interacts directly with histone deacetylases

The PLU‐1/JARID1B nuclear protein, which is expressed in a high proportion of breast cancers, but shows restricted expression elsewhere, belongs to the ARID family of proteins, known to play important roles in development, differentiation, transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. PLU‐1/JARID1B is a strong transcriptional repressor, and here we show that the protein localizes in MAD bodies when cotransfected with class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) or N‐CoR. Direct binding to class I and class IIa HDACs is demonstrated, while the interaction with N‐CoR appears to be indirect. The domains involved in the HDAC4‐PLU‐1/JARID1B interaction were investigated in detail, and the data show that 2 PHD domains in PLU‐1/JARID1B, which are involved in transcriptional repression, are also crucial for binding to a domain in the 5′ region of HDAC4, overlapping the MEF‐2 binding region. Physiological relevance of this interaction in the mammary gland is suggested from the observation that HDAC4 and PLU‐1/JARID1B are coexpressed in the pregnant and involuting mouse mammary gland and are both silenced at lactation. Significantly, the expression of both proteins is seen in breast cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation critically modulates the dependence of LTP on cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase

Genetic and electrophysiological experiments have defined an important role for cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) in certain forms of long‐term potentiation (LTP). However, the characteristics of stimulation that are critical for regulating the PKA‐dependence of LTP have not been clearly defined. In the present study, we have used PKA mutant mice (R(AB) transgenic mice), which have reduced PKA activity in neurons within the hippocampus, to explore the role of temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation in regulating the PKA‐dependence of LTP. The time interval between successive bursts of electrical stimulation was varied while keeping constant the total number of stimulus pulses. LTP induced by temporally spaced tetraburst synaptic stimulation was impaired in the Schaeffer collateral pathway of hippocampal slices from R(AB) mutant mice. In contrast, LTP induced by temporally compressed tetraburst stimulation was normal in slices from R(AB) mutants, and its long‐term maintenance was not significantly affected by bath application of KT‐5720, an inhibitor of catalytic subunits of PKA. In slices from wildtype mice, LTP induced by spaced tetraburst stimulation was significantly attenuated by KT‐5720. These genetic and pharmacological experiments show that LTP induced by these compressed patterns of stimulation does not require PKA activation. Thus, altering the temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation per se critically modulates the PKA‐dependence of hippocampal LTP. PKA‐dependent LTP is selectively recruited by temporally spaced, multiburst synaptic stimulation. Hippocampus 2003;13:293–300. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full endoscopic lumbar discectomy via interlaminar approach: 2-year results in Ramathibodi Hospital.

OBJECTIVE To present the surgical outcome of the full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy via interlaminar approach. MATERIAL AND METHOD Analysis of the prospectively collected data. The indication for full endoscopic discectomy is the same as for microscopic discectomy. Sixty consecutive patients with lumbar disc herniation were included. Full-endoscopic discectomy via interlaminar approach were done in all cases. The Visual analog scale (VAS), Thai version of modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Macnab score, neurological symptoms, and complications were collected and followed for two years. RESULTS Mean follow-up period was 26 months. Excellent outcomes as defined by Macnab criteria were found in fifty-five of sixty patients (91.6%). The authors found two cases of recurrent disc herniation, which were re-operated by the same method and the symptoms were completely resolved later in the follow up period. There were two cases of persistent radicular pain after the operation, which were completely resolved after selective epidural nerve root injection. There was no serious neurological deficit, dura tear, or cauda equina syndrome in the present study series. CONCLUSION Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy is a safe and effective procedure for lumbar disc herniation. Patients can expect less postoperative pain, early recovery, and a short period of work absence. However, the learning curve is steep. Proper surgical training and careful patient selection in the early cases are the keys to success.
Study on low-voltage ride through capability of the offshore wind power integration based on super-capacitor energy storage

In order to avoid grid-unconnected operation of offshore wind turbine under grid faults. Aiming at the problem of fault ride through capability of offshore wind power system, proposing a low-voltage ride through (LVRT) scheme of offshore wind power system based on the super-capacitor energy storage system (SC_ESS). This paper studies on the control strategy of the converter and the SC_ESS in the process of LVRT of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PSGM). Simulation models of the direct-driven permanent magnet wind power generation system that before and after super-capacitor energy storage unit added at DC side were established by using MATLAB/Simulink software and analysis of its low voltage ride through characteristics. Simulation results show that under system fault, the presented scheme can efficiently restrain the DC-link overvoltage, provide reactive power compensation to the power system, help grid recovery, and improve the LVRT capability of the power system.
Performance test of parameters for speaker recognition system based on SVM-VQ

Many parameters can be extracted from a speech signal, including pitch, LPCC, ALPCC, P ARC OR, MFCC, AMFCC, RCEP etc. These parameters have different effectiveness for a speaker recognition system. In order to improve recognition efficiency and obtain a practical speaker recognition system, it is necessary for research feature parameters, that is the main contents of this article. Different parameters are extracted using the method of signal processing including time domain and frequency domain in this paper. These features are analyzed and compared, and the mixed features' effect on the performance of the recognition system is also researched. In order to compare the efficiency of some parameters for speaker recognition system, the identification method based on SVM-VQ on time-frequency domain is chosen. Compared with SVM or VQ recognition method, the method based on SVM-VQ takes less computation, and has better noise immunity and better robustness. The experimental results show that some parameters have great influence on the system performance, such as pitch extracted using wavelet, LPCC and ALPCC, as well as MFCC and AMFCC. The experimental results also show that the recognition rate is obviously improved using mixed parameters in the system.
Ventilation and speech characteristics during submaximal aerobic exercise.

PURPOSE This study examined alterations in ventilation and speech characteristics as well as perceived dyspnea during submaximal aerobic exercise tasks. METHOD Twelve healthy participants completed aerobic exercise-only and simultaneous speaking and aerobic exercise tasks at 50% and 75% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2) max). Measures of ventilation, oxygen consumption, heart rate, perceived dyspnea, syllables per phrase, articulation rate, and inappropriate linguistic pause placements were obtained at baseline and throughout the experimental tasks. RESULTS Ventilation was significantly lower during the speaking tasks compared with the nonspeaking tasks. Oxygen consumption, however, did not significantly differ between speaking and nonspeaking tasks. The perception of dyspnea was significantly higher during the speaking tasks compared with the nonspeaking tasks. All speech parameters were significantly altered over time at both task intensities. CONCLUSIONS It is speculated that decreased ventilation without a reduction in oxygen consumption implies that utilization of oxygen by the working muscles was increased during the speaking tasks to meet the metabolic needs. A greater ability to utilize oxygen from inspired air is found in individuals who are at higher fitness levels, and therefore these findings may have implications for individuals who must complete simultaneous speech and exercise for occupational purposes (e.g., fitness/military drill instructors, singers performing choreography).
Genome sequence of the deep-sea γ-proteobacterium Idiomarina loihiensis reveals amino acid fermentation as a source of carbon and energy

We report the complete genome sequence of the deep-sea γ-proteobacterium, Idiomarina loihiensis, isolated recently from a hydrothermal vent at 1,300-m depth on the Lōihi submarine volcano, Hawaii. The I. loihiensis genome comprises a single chromosome of 2,839,318 base pairs, encoding 2,640 proteins, four rRNA operons, and 56 tRNA genes. A comparison of I. loihiensis to the genomes of other γ-proteobacteria reveals abundance of amino acid transport and degradation enzymes, but a loss of sugar transport systems and certain enzymes of sugar metabolism. This finding suggests that I. loihiensis relies primarily on amino acid catabolism, rather than on sugar fermentation, for carbon and energy. Enzymes for biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, the majority of amino acids, and coenzymes are encoded in the genome, but biosynthetic pathways for Leu, Ile, Val, Thr, and Met are incomplete. Auxotrophy for Val and Thr was confirmed by in vivo experiments. The I. loihiensis genome contains a cluster of 32 genes encoding enzymes for exopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide synthesis. It also encodes diverse peptidases, a variety of peptide and amino acid uptake systems, and versatile signal transduction machinery. We propose that the source of amino acids for I. loihiensis growth are the proteinaceous particles present in the deep sea hydrothermal vent waters. I. loihiensis would colonize these particles by using the secreted exopolysaccharide, digest these proteins, and metabolize the resulting peptides and amino acids. In summary, the I. loihiensis genome reveals an integrated mechanism of metabolic adaptation to the constantly changing deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.
Lactational and metabolic effects in cows of lysine and methionine added to a ration deficient according to the I.N.R.A. method

The effects of adding lysine and/or methionine to a ration of calculated deficiency in these amino acids of 10% and 20%, respectively, were studied in 24 Brown Swiss cows. The mixed rations (27% grass silage, 19% maize silage, 5% hay and 49% concentrate on DM basis) contained 14.5% CP on average. Lysine supply was selectively elevated by adding fish meal in exchange for other concentrate ingredients. Methionine was supplied in a rumen‐protected form. Milk protein content was elevated whereas fat amount decreased by adding both amino acids. Lactose content increased without additional lysine from fish meal. Live weight, milk yield, milk fat content and protein amount remained unaffected by any variation of amino acids supply. Also nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were not changed by the treatments. Blood plasma concentrations confirmed the assumed variation in metabolic lysine and, less clear, methionine supply. Effects on plasma concentrations of other amino acids were relatively small. Most plasma hormones and enzymes, and metabolites in plasma, urine and milk did not respond to the variation in amino acid supply. Lysine addition via fish meal increased aspartate amino transferase and decreased urinary allantoin concentration. Additional methionine elevated plasma ornithine. Overall lysine and methionine appear to have been only marginally deficient in the unsupplemented ration fed for 3 weeks despite the deficiency of 10% to 20% as calculated by the I.N. R.A. method.
Risk stratification in myelodysplastic syndromes: is there a role for gene expression profiling?

Evaluation of: Pellagatti A, Benner A, Mills KI et al. Identification of gene expression-based prognostic markers in the hematopoietic stem cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. J. Clin. Oncol. 31(28), 3557–3564 (2013). Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) exhibit wide heterogeneity in clinical outcomes making accurate risk-stratification an integral part of the risk-adaptive management paradigm. Current prognostic schemes for MDS rely on clinicopathological parameters. Despite the increasing knowledge of the genetic landscape of MDS and the prognostic impact of many newly discovered molecular aberrations, none to date has been incorporated formally into the major risk models. Efforts are ongoing to use data generated from genome-wide high-throughput techniques to improve the ‘individualized’ outcome prediction for patients. We here discuss an important paper in which gene expression profiling (GEP) technology was applied to marrow CD34+ cells from 125 MDS patients to generate and validate a standardized GEP-based prognostic signature.
Genotoxic and reproductive effects of an industrially contaminated soil on the earthworm Eisenia Fetida

Polluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in Lorraine (France) was studied for its genotoxicity and reproductive effects on the Eisenia fetida earthworm. Genotoxicity was investigated by means of the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay on the coelomocytes of earthworms after 4 and 10 days of exposure to the soil. DNA damage and a decline in the number of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms were observed at coking plant soil concentrations of 20 and 40% (w/w) in ISO soil. These soil concentrations had previously been shown to significantly reduce cocoon and juvenile productions after 28 and 56 days of earthworm exposure, respectively. The results showed that genotoxic pollutants in the tested soil were still bioavailable despite the age of the contaminated soil. Similar values of the no‐observed‐effect concentration (NOEC) corresponding to 10% of the contaminated soil and of the lowest soil concentration tested inducing effects (LOEC) corresponding to 20% of the contaminated soil were obtained from reproductive and genotoxicity endpoints. Among the soil pollutants measured, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appeared to be the most likely source of the genotoxicity recorded, although effects of metals could not be excluded. Measurement of genotoxicity in earthworms could complement the existing standardized tests used in the ecotoxicological assessment of the risk associated with contaminated soils. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of aphid salivary proteins: a proteomic investigation of Myzus persicae

The role of insect saliva in the first contact between an insect and a plant is crucial during feeding. Some elicitors, particularly in insect regurgitants, have been identified as inducing plant defence reactions. Here, we focused on the salivary proteome of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Proteins were either directly in‐solution digested or were separated by 2D SDS‐PAGE before trypsin digestion. Resulting peptides were then identified by mass spectrometry coupled with database investigations. A homemade database was constituted of expressed sequence tags from the pea aphid Acyrtosiphon pisum and M. persicae. The databases were used to identify proteins related to M. persicae with a nonsequenced genome. This procedure enabled us to discover glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase in M. persicae saliva. The presence of these enzymes is discussed in terms of plant–aphid interactions.
Evaluating demand response in the presence of solar PV: Distribution grid perspective

Flexible load operators are particularly interested in monetary transactions of demand response (DR). However, the integration of the DR scheme into the distribution network results in modification of power flows, which has to be managed by the distribution system operator (DSO). Hence, a coordination must be achieved between these two entities to comply with their individual constraints and objectives. With the integration of highly distributed and variable renewable energy, achieving this coordination becomes an even more important task. In this paper, an optimization-based generic model is presented for evaluating DR in the presence of solar photovoltaic (PV) and flexible loads. The integrated optimal pricing methodology is obtained from the developed framework, which takes into account operational conditions of the distribution grid and flexible loads. The economic and operational efficiency of the DR strategy is evaluated in the presence of (1) various pricing structures and (2) available network topologies. Case studies are performed using a validated building model and actual solar irradiation measurements on a benchmark distribution network. For comparison, liberalized market settings of the National Electricity Market of Singapore (NEMS) are adopted in this paper.
Overview of systematic reviews on invasive treatment of stable coronary artery disease

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the validity of the systematic reviews as a source of best evidence and to present and interpret the evidence of the systematic reviews on effectiveness of surgery and percutaneous interventions for stable coronary artery disease. Methods: Electronic databases were searched without language restriction from January 1966 to March 2004. The databases used included the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DARE, the Health Technology Assessment Database, MEDLINE(R), MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations. We included systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials on patients with stable coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery in comparison with medical treatment or a comparison between invasive techniques. At least one of the following outcomes had to be reported: death, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, revascularization. The methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of the scale devised by Oxman and Guyatt (1991). A standardized data-extraction form was used. The method used to evaluate clinical relevance was carried out with updated method guidelines from the Cochrane Back Research Group. Quantitative synthesis of the effectiveness data is presented. Results: We found nineteen systematic reviews. The median score of validity was 13 points (range, 6–17 points), with a maximum of 18 points. vCoronary artery bypass surgery gives better relief of angina, and the need for repeated procedures is reduced after bypass surgery compared with percutaneous interventions. There is inconsistent evidence as to whether bypass surgery improves survival compared with percutaneous intervention. A smaller need for repeated procedures exists after bare metal stent and even more so after drug-eluting stent placement than after percutaneous intervention without stent placement. However, according to the current evidence, these treatment alternatives do not differ in terms of mortality or myocardial infarction. Conclusions: We found some high-quality systematic reviews. There was evidence on the potential of invasive treatments to provide symptomatic relief. Surgery seems to provide a longer-lasting effect than percutaneous interventions with bare metal stents or without stents. Evidence in favor of drug-eluting stents so far is based on short-term follow-up and mostly on patients with single-vessel disease.