Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational Capacity for Change and Strategic Ambidexterity: Flying the Plane While Rewiring It

Purpose – Successful firms must exploit existing markets while simultaneously exploring new market opportunities. However, skills required to do both simultaneously are often at odds with each other. To reconcile this dilemma, the authors aim to discuss the new concept of “strategic ambidexterity”, which is conceptualized as the ability to simultaneously pursue exploitation and exploratory strategies in ways that lead to enhanced organizational effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conceptually integrate literature from organizational theory, strategic management, and marketing to yield three new theoretical propositions.Findings – It is argued that a relatively new dynamic capability, organizational capacity for change, is the primary antecedent of strategic ambidexterity and that this relationship is moderated by environmental uncertainty and organizational slack.Originality/value – Most organizational and marketing theories rely on linear assumptions and models. However, twenty‐first .
Behavior Based Credit Card Fraud Detection Model Using Support Vector Machine

Along with the great increase of internet and e-commerce, the use of credit card is an unavoidable one. Due to the increase of credit card usage, the frauds associated with this have also increased. There are a lot of approaches used to detect the frauds. In this paper, behavior based classification approach using Support Vector Machines are employed and efficient feature extraction method also adopted. If any discrepancies occur in the behaviors transaction pattern then it is predicted as suspicious and taken for further consideration to find the frauds. Generally credit card fraud detection problem suffers from a large amount of data, which is rectified by the proposed method. Achieving finest accuracy, high fraud catching rate and low false alarms are the main tasks of this approach.
Information investment in supply chain management

Organizations have been investing heavily in building information links with their suppliers and buyers in order to reduce costs, lead times and quality problems, and improve on time customized delivery. At present, many of these firms are unsure of the degree to which this investment is necessary. A dynamic model is presented which builds on the impact of the evolving interactions of competitors’ activities and the learning which emanates over time. This dynamic model can be used by organizations to determine the level of expenditure necessary to remain competitive. In addition, this model brings out the fact that the systems’ learning will always lead to greater automation in the management of materials; however, the cost would vary according to the interplay of these two factors. This model should also help logistics managers design more effective information systems for their supply chains.
Circular Return Strategies for the Indian Dairy Market

Background Companies producing premium products with high quality and long product life can experience challenges when trying to penetrate price-sensitive customer segments on emerging markets due to a high product price. One way to achieve growth in these segments is to introduce new innovative business models. From the theory of circular economy, a concept combining sustainable and economical growth, innovative circular business models exist. The question has been raised if these business models can be used to help durable premium products to reach price-sensitive customers on emerging markets. Purpose The purpose of the project is to develop a business model aiming to increase the case company’s market share of dairy processing components on the Indian market while maintaining their position as a high quality brand. Methodology The project is performed as a case study in collaboration with a case company and therefore the research approach is qualitative and the research purpose is exploratory. However a market analysis of the Indian market is conducted and for this reason the purpose is also descriptive. Secondary data regarding the theory behind circular economy and the Indian market is collected through an extensive literature review. Primary data is mostly gathered through a number of interviews with the case company’s employees providing insights to the case company’s operations on the Indian market and knowledge about their customer base. Conclusion The recommended circular return strategy for the case company includes the product return models leasing, trade-ins and products repurchase and product recovery by either refurbishing or remanufacturing are most suitable for the case company. Indications show that this business model is a possible way for the case company to take market shares on the Indian market. In particular, private Indian companies with medium to high capacity can be receptive for circular return strategies. Furthermore, it could give the case company a competitive advantage since no similar business models are currently used on the Indian dairy market. The availability of CIP components to recover is currently the largest obstacle from the customers’ point of view. However, before implementing of circular return strategies their suitability need to be evaluated from the company’s perspective and factors such as reversed logistics, organizational mindset and costs need to be taken into consideration.
How Skilled are Hedge Funds? Evidence from Their Daily Trades

We examine the trading skill of hedge funds using transaction-level data. After accounting for trading commissions, we find no evidence that the trades of the average hedge fund outperform across holding periods ranging from one month to one year. However, bootstrap simulations indicate that the trading skill of the top 10% of hedge funds cannot be explained by luck. Similarly, we find that the performance of top hedge funds persists and much of this persistence stems from intra-quarter trading skill. Skilled hedge funds tend to be short-term contrarians and their profits are largely concentrated in smaller, more illiquid stocks. Our findings suggest that while the average hedge fund is unskilled, there are a small minority of skilled funds who persistently create value through liquidity provision.
Targeting Customers with Statistical and Data-Mining Techniques

Operationalizing a relationship management program requires a retention strategy that is sensitive to an individual customer’s position in the service life cycle, while being financially sound for the provider. To this end, estimating a customer’s hazard function and remaining tenure with the company can lead to important insights into marketing tactics and constitute fundamental building blocks for methods of targeting important customers. The authors describe a way of estimating these quantities using a combination of statistical and data-mining techniques. The resulting customer hazard information leads to a generalization of lifetime value (GLTV) that explicitly accounts for company actions and their success in relationship management.
Institutional Investor Horizons, Information Environment, and Firm Financing Decisions

We provide evidence that investment horizons of institutional shareholders affect firms’ financing decisions. We find that more short-term institutional ownership increases the likelihood of equity issues relative to debt issues, the size of equity issues, and the likelihood of long-term debt issues relative to short-term debt issues. These results suggest that short-horizon institutions, backed by buy-side research, improve the transparency of the information environment (e.g., through informed trading and monitoring via 'exit'), which allows firms to issue securities that are more sensitive to information asymmetry. Furthermore, short-horizon institutional ownership has stronger effects on firms’ financing decisions when sell-side analyst coverage is lower, indicating that buy-side information production substitutes for sell-side coverage when the latter becomes scarcer. Our results are robust to endogeneity of institutional ownership.
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Spatial dependence of color assimilation by the watercolor effect

Color assimilation with bichromatic contours was quantified for spatial extents ranging from von Bezold-type color assimilation to the watercolor effect. The magnitude and direction of assimilative hue change was measured as a function of the width of a rectangular stimulus. Assimilation was quantified by hue cancellation. Large hue shifts were required to null the color of stimuli 49.3 min of arc in width, with an exponential decrease for stimuli increasing up to 7.4 deg. When stimuli were viewed through an achromatizing lens, the magnitude of the assimilation effect was reduced for narrow stimuli, but not for wide ones. These results demonstrate that chromatic aberration may account, in part, for color assimilation over small, but not large, surface areas. DOI:10.1068/p5470
Specialty retail center's impact on downtown shopping, dining, and entertainment

Purpose – To examine the impact of Baltimore, Maryland USA festival market called Harbor Place on area residents' shopping, dining, and entertainment behavior over a 23‐year period.Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study utilizing a telephone survey of a random sample of Baltimore area residents in 1982, 1992, and 2005.Findings – A significant decline in shopping for non‐food items at Harbor Place and the Inner Harbor after the initial excitement following the opening of Harbor Place in 1980. A substantial and stable percentage of area residents visited the Inner Harbor and Harbor Place in each wave of the study for dining and entertainment purposes.Practical implications – The festival market attracts the recreational shopper/shopper tourist but is likely to attract the convenience shopper as more residential development occurs in areas adjacent to the Inner Harbor. The area is likely to continue attracting area residents for dining and entertainment.Originality/value – The paper compares and .
Recent Developments in Corporate Transparency and Disclosure in Macedonia and the Region

The paper is based on a broad review of the relevant literature and an individual research using the documents and information made public by the analyzed companies. On the basis of their review, the Standard and Poor’s methodology was used to determine the so-called transparency and disclosure scores for the companies and for Macedonia as a whole. In addition, the sample was extended to include companies from Serbia and Croatia for which 11 items were taken as representative to make a comparison between the three countries.The overall calculated TD score for Macedonia is 35 which is at the lower end of the respective scores calculated as averages for the six continents one decade ago. The results are especially weak in the area of board and management. The banks are much more transparent. It also applies to the companies with a significant foreign ownership and that the correlation between the TD score and the turnover of the shares is positive = 0.32. The companies in Croatia and Serbia are almost equaly transparrent and their Macedonian counterparts are lagging behind. The possible reasons for this include: the insider-based privatisation in many Macedonian companies, the smaller market turnover and thus lower interest in the company affairs, or perhaps the better regulation enforcement in the other two countries.
A Dynamic Users’ Interest Discovery Model with Distributed Inference Algorithm

One of the key issues for providing users user-customized or context-aware services is to automatically detect latent topics, users’ interests, and their changing patterns from large-scale social network information. Most of the current methods are devoted either to discovering static latent topics and users’ interests or to analyzing topic evolution only from intrafeatures of documents, namely, text content, without considering directly extrafeatures of documents such as authors. Moreover, they are applicable only to the case of single processor. To resolve these problems, we propose a dynamic users’ interest discovery model with distributed inference algorithm, named as Distributed Author-Topic over Time (D-AToT) model. The collapsed Gibbs sampling method following the main idea of MapReduce is also utilized for inferring model parameters. The proposed model can discover latent topics and users’ interests, and mine their changing patterns over time. Extensive experimental results on NIPS (Neural Information Processing Systems) dataset show that our D-AToT model is feasible and efficient.
Perfectly matched layers and transformation optics

The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a very versatile and effective absorbing boundary condition. The PML was first introduced by Berenger [1] for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The general purpose of the PML is to produce reflectionless absorption of waves in the continuum limit. Due to its versatility, the PML was later extended to the finite-element and finite-volume methods. In this paper, we revisit the PML using the concept of complex coordinates and briefly discuss the link between PML and the nascent field of “transformation optics”.
Precoder design for multi-antenna systems with temporally and spatially correlated fading channels

This paper addresses the problem of the design of a precoder for multiple transmit antenna communication systems with spatially and temporally correlated fading channels. Using the theories of matrix differential calculus, the paper derives a precoder for unitary space-time codes that can exploit the spatio-temporal correlation in the time-varying fading channels. The design criterion is based on minimizing the mean square error of the channel estimates. Computer simulation results show that a significant performance gain can be achieved by using the designed precoder
An inverse eigenproblem for generalized reflexive matrices with normal $k+1$-potencies

Let $P,~Q\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ be two normal $\{k+1\}$-potent matrices, i.e., $PP^{*}=P^{*}P,~P^{k+1}=P$, $QQ^{*}=Q^{*}Q,~Q^{k+1}=Q$, $k\in\mathbb{N}$. A matrix $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ is referred to as generalized reflexive with two normal $\{k+1\}$-potent matrices $P$ and $Q$ if and only if $A=PAQ$. The set of all $n\times n$ generalized reflexive matrices which rely on the matrices $P$ and $Q$ is denoted by $\mathcal{GR}^{n\times n}(P,Q)$. The left and right inverse eigenproblem of such matrices ask from us to find a matrix $A\in\mathcal{GR}^{n\times n}(P,Q)$ containing a given part of left and right eigenvalues and corresponding left and right eigenvectors. In this paper, first necessary and sufficient conditions such that the problem is solvable are obtained. A general representation of the solution is presented. Then an expression of the solution for the optimal Frobenius norm approximation problem is exploited. A stability analysis of the optimal approximate solution, which has scarcely been considered in existing literature, is also developed.
High Spatial resolution GaN and Optical Photon Counting Detectors with sub-nanosecond timing for Astronomical and Space Sensing Applications

Recent advances in UV-Visible ground and space borne detectors with the unique ability to record photon X,Y,T high fidelity information include the development of GaN UV photocathodes and cross strip high resolution position encoding readouts. Such sensors have the distinct advantage of being able to record the accurate time of each detected photon event, which is important for time dependent applications in space astronomy, biology, and time of flight instruments. Newly developed GaN photocathodes have achieved up to 80% quantum efficiency at 120 nm and in the opaque mode they demonstrate high efficiency up to a cutoff wavelength of about 360 nm. Meanwhile semitransparent GaN cathodes have achieved ~20% quantum efficiency in the 240 nm to 360 nm regime. Imaging devices with these photocathodes have demonstrated good spatial resolution and uniformity, with relatively low background event rates. For photon counting imaging detectors we have developed cross strip anode readouts with large, high spatial resolution formats capable of high counting rates and extended lifetimes. We have achieved resolutions of 1 MHz for random photon rates, and we have demonstrated time tagging of events to better than 1ns. A variety of sealed tube detectors are also in development with both GaN and GaAs photocathodes.
A fully-integrated 0.18µm CMOS DC-DC step-up converter, using a bondwire spiral inductor

A fully-integrated DC-DC step-up converter in a 0.18 mum 1.8 V CMOS technology is realized with an integrated bondwire spiral inductor and an integrated MIMcap. The converter is designed to generate 3.3 V out of a 1.8 V power supply. Stacked transistors are used to cope with the high voltage. It operates in discontinuous, asynchronous switching mode, with a switching frequency of 100 MHz. The maximum output power is 150 mW, with an output ripple of 200 mV. The maximum power efficiency is 63%. A control system using a PWM scheme keeps the output voltage constant with varying loads up to 9 MHz.
AOI hierarchies for visual exploration of fixation sequences

In eye tracking studies a complex visual stimulus requires the definition of many areas of interest (AOIs). Often these AOIs have an inherent, nested hierarchical structure that can be utilized to facilitate analysis tasks. We discuss how this hierarchical AOI structure in combination with appropriate visualization techniques can be applied to analyze fixation sequences on differently aggregated levels. An AOI View, AOI Tree, AOI Matrix, and AOI Graph enable a bottom-up and top-down evaluation of fixation sequences. We conducted an expert review and compared our techniques to current state-of-the-art visualization techniques in eye movement research to further improve and extend our approach. To show how our approach is used in practice, we evaluate fixation sequences collected during a study where 101 AOIs are organized hierarchically.
A WORLDWIDE, PHASE III, RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, SAFETY AND EFFICACY STUDY OF A SIROLIMUS/CYCLOSPORINE REGIMEN FOR PREVENTION OF ACUTE REJECTION IN RECIPIENTS OF PRIMARY MISMATCHED RENAL ALLOGRAFTS

Background. Despite the various immunosuppressive regimens presently in use, acute rejection in the early postoperative period continues to occur in 20 to 40% of renal transplant patients. In a double-blind, multicentred study, we investigated the ability of two different doses of sirolimus (rapamycin, RAPAMUNE), a new class of immunosuppressant that blocks cell cycle progression, to prevent acute rejection in recipients of primary mismatched renal allografts when added to a regimen of cyclosporine (cyclosporin A, CsA) and corticosteroids. Methods. Between October 1996 and September 1997, 576 recipients of primary mismatched cadaveric or living donor renal allografts were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio (before the transplant operation) to receive an initial loading dose of either 6 or 15 mg of orally administered sirolimus, followed by a daily dose of either 2 or 5 mg/day, or to receive a matched placebo. All groups received cyclosporine (microemulsion formula, CsA) and corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was a composite of first occurrence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, graft loss, or death during the first 6 months after transplantation. Safety data were monitored by an independent drug safety monitoring board. Results. Based on an intention-to-treat analysis of 576 patients, there were no significant differences in patient demographic or baseline characteristics among treatment groups. The overall rate of the primary composite endpoint for the 6-month period after transplantation was 30.0% (68/227) in the 2 mg/day sirolimus group and 25.6% (56/219) in the 5 mg/day sirolimus group, significantly lower than the 47.7% (62/130) in the placebo group (P =0.002, P <0.001, respectively). During this period, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 24.7% (56/227) in the 2 mg/day sirolimus group and 19.2% (42/219) in the 5 mg/day sirolimus group, compared with 41.5% (54/130) in the placebo group (P =0.003, P <0.001, respectively), representing a significant reduction in acute rejection of 40.5 and 53.7%, respectively. The need for antibody therapy to treat the first episode of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was significantly reduced in the 5 mg/day sirolimus group (3.2%) compared to the placebo group (8.5%;P =0.044). The results 1 year after transplantation were similar for the efficacy parameters studied. Adverse events and infections occurred in all groups. Conclusions. The addition of either 2 mg/day sirolimus or 5 mg/day sirolimus to CsA/corticosteroid therapy significantly reduces the incidence of acute rejection episodes in primary mismatched renal allograft recipients, without an increase in immunosuppressant-related side effects, including infections and malignancy, at 6 months and at 1 year after transplantation.
Care-Seeking Behavior in Response to Emergency Department Copayments

Background:Patients are increasingly paying for more of their medical care through cost-sharing, yet little is known about how patients change the ways that they seek care in response. Objective:We sought to assess how patients change their care-seeking behavior in response to emergency department (ED) copayments. Research Design:Telephone interviews with a stratified random sample of adult members of a large integrated delivery system. Subjects:There were 932 respondents (72% response rate). Measures:We examined participants’ knowledge of their copayment level for ED services, and measures of how the cost-sharing affected their decisions about where or when to seek care. Results:Overall, 82% of participants faced a copayment for ED services (ranging between $5 and $100), and 41% correctly reported the amount of this copayment. In response to the perceived copayment amount, 19% reported changing their care-seeking behavior within the previous 12 months: 12% sought care from an alternate delivery site, 12% contacted a provider by telephone or the Internet, 9% delayed going to the ED, and 2% avoided medical care altogether. In multivariate models, the ED cost-sharing amount was significantly associated with reporting changes in care-seeking behavior. Conclusions:When faced with an ED copayment, patients in the health system most commonly shifted toward seeking care from other available alternatives, and rarely avoid medical care altogether.
Sapphire fiber Bragg grating sensor made using femtosecond laser radiation for ultrahigh temperature applications

We report for the first time the inscription of retro-reflective Bragg gratings in multimode crystalline sapphire fiber. The gratings were fabricated using 800-nm femtosecond laser radiation and a phase mask. The grating behavior was investigated up to 1500/spl deg/C with no detectable reduction in the grating reflectivity or hysteresis in the Bragg resonance. Measurements of the change in the effective index of the fiber as a function of temperature are reported and the performance of the grating as a temperature sensor is evaluated.
Causes of customer dissatisfaction ‐ studies of public transport by the critical‐incident method

Looks at customer dissatisfaction by focusing on the events which provide the source of the dissatisfaction and complaints. Uses data from research into public transport. Includes analysis of written complaints and information from interviews with customers. Concludes that quality shortcomings are in most cases recurrent. Suggests that the company featured in the study should focus on aspects related to the drivers, punctuality and use of information coming from customers in the form of complaints.