Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transistor Laser With 13.5-Gb/s Error-Free Data Transmission

A quantum well transistor laser with a cavity length of L = 200 μm has been designed and fabricated. Threshold current at 20°C is determined to be I<sub>TH</sub> = 36 mA at V<sub>CE</sub> = 1.5 V from measured transistor laser collector current-voltage (I<sub>C</sub>-V<sub>CE</sub>) and optical power-voltage (L-V<sub>CE</sub>) characteristics. The transistor laser is measured to have a modulation bandwidth f<sub>-3dB</sub> = 8.1 GHz for I<sub>B</sub> = 75 mA (I<sub>B</sub>/I<sub>TH</sub> ~ 2) with a carrier-photon resonance amplitude (~4.2 dB). At the same bias conditions, the transistor laser demonstrates error-free 13.5-Gb/s data transmission at room temperature.
Distinct TFIID complexes mediate the effect of different transcriptional activators.

Multiple chromatographically separable complexes containing the TATA binding protein (TBP), which exhibit different functional properties, exist in HeLa cells. At least three distinct subpopulations of such complexes can be functionally defined as TFIID since they function with RNA polymerase II. Using a partially reconstituted HeLa cell in vitro transcription system and immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody directed against TBP, we show that stimulation of transcription by the chimeric activators GAL‐VP16, GAL‐TEF‐1 and GAL‐ER(EF) requires the presence of factors which are tightly associated with these TFIID complexes. Moreover, the activity of GAL‐TEF‐1 appears to be mediated by at least two chromatographically distinct populations of TFIID. The factor(s) associated with one of these populations is also required for the activity of GAL‐ER (EF) and GAL‐VP16, while the factor(s) associated with the other population functions selectively with GAL‐TEF‐1. These two TFIID populations are composed of both common and unique TBP associated factors (TAFs).
A 44-MHz wideband switched-capacitor bandpass filter using double-sampling pseudo-two-path techniques

A fully differential wideband sixth-order switched-capacitor bandpass filter is designed for channel selection in cable TV applications. A modified double-sampling pseudo-two-path technique is proposed to achieve a second-order wideband bandpass filter with a single opamp. Implemented in a standard double-poly four-metal 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process and operated at 176-MHz sampling frequency, the filter achieves a measured center frequency of 44 MHz with a bandwidth of 6.28 MHz and a dynamic range of 58.3 dB at 3% IM3. The filter consumes 92.5mW at a single 3.0-V supply and occupies a chip area of 0.52 mm /sup 2/.
A wavelet-analysis-based change point model for process monitoring

The change-point problem originates from the applied research area of industry. Many approaches have been proposed in literature to solve the change point problems, such as likelihood method, Bayesian method, nonparametric method, information criterion method, and etc. However, these existing approaches mostly have to know the distribution or the number of the change point of observations in a process previously. And they also need a certain amount of historical data. However, data from most practical processes contain information both in time domain and frequency domain. The distributions of the data or the number of the change point the data have are always unknown. In this case, the wavelet theory is more capable of solving the change point problem then other existing approaches. In this paper, we present an approach for how to use the wavelet theory to find out change points in a time series, including the probability analysis, the identification of a change point, the method of choosing types of wavelet, and a general frame work of this approach. A case study is carried out to show that the wavelet method suggested in this paper has good properties.
[The sequential changes of energy metabolism following cold-induced brain edema--a histochemical study].

The changes of energy metabolism on vasogenic edema have been largely examined using biochemical quantitative assay. However, the relationship between the sequential changes and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is not well understood. In the present study, the sequential changes of energy metabolism and potassium in relation to BBB breakdown following the cold-induced brain edema were investigated histochemically. Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250g, were anesthesized with pentobarbital and a burr hole was made in the left parietal region. For evaluating the breakdown of BBB, 2.5% Evans blue (EB) was injected 30 min. before injury, except in the 5 min. model in which it was injected at the time of cold injury. An iron-bar precooled in liquid N2 was placed over the surface for 30 seconds and they were frozen in situ in liquid N2 at 5 min., 2 hrs. , 6 hrs. , 12 hrs. , and 24 hrs. , after producing the lesion. The frozen brain was sectioned using a precooled saw in the coronal plane. The brain section was placed in liquid N2 bath and illuminated with 366 nm light (UV) from a 200 watt mercury lamp and Corning filter 5840. NADH fluorescence was recorded photographically through Corning filter 3387 and 5562. Regional ATP and potassium content were investigated histochemically in thin sections with luciferine-luciferase method and Macallum's technique, respectively. At 5 min. after cold injury, leakage of EB was limited within the lesion. Potassium and ATP were decreased in the lesion. NADH fluorescence was increased slightly in the cortex around the lesion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Not all CD4+ memory T cells are long lived

Summary: Memory T cells are thought to have several properties that distinguish them from their naïve precursors. They are found in parts of the body that rarely house naïve cells, they respond to antigen with faster proliferation and more rapid progression to effector function, they are less sensitive to the absence of their selecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and, above all, they are long lived. Here we show that this last property may not be universal. Some CD4+ T cells that have surface proteins characteristic of memory cells have the same half‐life in vivo as naïve cells. The description of these cells as memory cells therefore depends on our definition of the word ‘memory’.
The mechanical vibration phenomenon in a 50-Hz dielectric barrier discharge

The mechanical vibration phenomenon of the glass plate and the water electrode is reported in a 50-Hz dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The electrical discharge is produced in a single-barrier parallel plate-plate system in which the water acts as a liquid electrode and the glass plate acts as a dielectric layer. When the voltage reaches the discharge onset voltage, the regular water wave starts to occur. At a further voltage increase, the water wave gradually disappears. To determine the possible reasons for the emerging vibration, a pulsed airflow system is constructed and the experimental result shows that the impact of the 50-Hz pulsed airflow against the glass plate also results in the formation of similar water wave without power supply. On the other hand, based on the calculated results of the Lissajous figure in the DBD, the electrical field force acting on the glass plate and the impact force of the electron-flow as well as the ion-flow against the glass plate are approximately calculated and compared. These experiments and calculation show that the emerging water wave should be attributed to the square construction of water tank and the vibration of glass plate, the driving sources leading to the vibration of the glass plate are the Coulomb force, the Maxwell stress and the impact force of the ion-flow during the discharge phase.
Comparison of Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) RNA Surrogate Assays to the Standard HIV RNA Assay

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing is the gold standard for monitoring antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. However, equipment and reagent costs preclude widespread use of the assay in resource-limited settings. The Perkin-Elmer Ultrasensitive p24 assay and the Cavidi Exavir Load assay both offer potentially simpler, less costly technologies for monitoring viral load. These assays were compared to the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test, v1.5, using panels of clinical samples (subtype B) from HIV-positive subjects and HIV-spiked samples (subtypes A, C, D, CRF_01AE, CRF_02AG, and F). The Ultrasensitive p24 assay detected 100% of the spiked samples with virus loads of >250,000copies/ml and 61% of the clinical samples with virus loads of 219 to 288,850 copies/ml. Detection rates were improved substantially if an external lysis buffer was added to the procedure. The Cavidi assay detected 54 to 100% of spiked samples with virus loads >10,000 copies/ml and 68% of the clinical samples. These detection rates were also greatly improved with a newly implemented version of this kit. Coefficients of variation demonstrate good reproducibility for each of these kits. The results from the Cavidi v1.0, Cavidi v2.0, and Perkin-Elmer, and the Perkin-Elmer Plus external buffers all correlated well with the results from the Roche Monitor Test (r = 0.83 to 0.96, r = 0.84 to 0.99, r = 0.58 to 0.67, and r = 0.59 to 0.95, respectively). Thus, the use of these two assays for monitoring patients, together with less-frequent confirmation testing, offers a feasible alternative to frequent HIV RNA testing in resource-limited settings.
Tail dependence networks of global stock markets

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used by many researchers to construct complex financial networks. However, it is difficult to capture the structural characteristics of financial markets that have extreme fluctuations. To solve this problem, we resort to tail dependence networks. We first build the edge information of the stock network by adopting Pearson's correlation coefficient and the symmetrized Joe–Clayton copula model, respectively. By using the planar maximally filtered graph method, we filter the edge information, obtain Pearson's correlation coefficient and tail dependence network, and compare their efficiencies. The community structure of the constructed networks is investigated. We find that the global efficiency of tail‐dependent networks is higher than that of the Pearson correlation networks. Further analysis of the nodes in the upper‐ and lower‐tail dependence networks reveals that the European markets are more influential than Asian and African markets during a booming market and a recession market. In addition, different cliques are found in the two tail dependence networks. The finding indicates that financial risks will impact geographically adjacent markets.
Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After Stroke: An Observational Study From the Swedish Stroke Register

Background and Purpose— Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke. Methods— Data on patients who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for acute stroke during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish stroke register. Patients reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test). Results— The study included 37 383 patients, 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) patients reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, patients reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years; P<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living–dependent (59% versus 31.9%; P<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%; P<0.0001) at 12 months. Poststroke depression (32.3% versus 24.9%; P<0.0001) and insufficient pain medication were more common in patients with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%; P<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe stroke (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39–3.87), prior stroke (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53–1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07–1.20), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15–1.32), stroke other than ischemic (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20–1.32), and atrial fibrillation (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12–1.27). Conclusions— Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, pain, and depression. Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.
Projections from the rhomboid nucleus of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of ingestive behaviors

The basic organization of an exceptionally complex pattern of axonal projections from one distinct cell group of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, the rhomboid nucleus (BSTrh), was analyzed with the PHAL anterograde tract‐tracing method in rats. Brain areas that receive a strong to moderate input from the BSTrh fall into nine general categories: central autonomic control network (central amygdalar nucleus, descending hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, parasubthalamic nucleus and dorsal lateral hypothalamic area, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, lateral parabrachial nucleus and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and salivatory nuclei), gustatory system (rostral nucleus of the solitary tract and medial parabrachial nucleus), neuroendocrine system (periventricular and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, hypothalamic visceromotor pattern generator network), orofaciopharyngeal motor control (rostral tip of the dorsal nucleus ambiguus, parvicellular reticular nucleus, retrorubral area, and lateral mesencephalic reticular nucleus), respiratory control (lateral nucleus of the solitary tract), locomotor or exploratory behavior control and reward prediction (nucleus accumbens, substantia innominata, and ventral tegmental area), ingestive behavior control (descending paraventricular nucleus and dorsal lateral hypothalamic area), thalamocortical feedback loops (medial‐midline‐intralaminar thalamus), and behavioral state control (dorsal raphé and locus coeruleus). Its pattern of axonal projections and its position in the basal telencephalon suggest that the BSTrh is part of a striatopallidal differentiation involved in modulating the expression of ingestive behaviors, although it may have other functions as well. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:434–472, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Regulation of Kidney and Spleen Cytokine Responses in Mice Challenged with Pathology-Standardized Doses of Candida albicans Mannosylation Mutants

ABSTRACT Cell surface polysaccharides are key determinants of host responses to fungal infection. We determined the effects of alterations in Candida albicans cell surface polysaccharide composition and gross changes in the host immune response in groups of mice challenged intravenously with five C. albicans strains at doses adjusted to give equal disease progression 3 days later. The five strains used were the parental strain NGY152, two mutants with defective cell wall mannosylation, pmr1Δ mutant and mnt1/2Δ mutant, and the same two strains with a copy of PMR1 and MNT1 reintegrated, respectively. Renal and spleen levels of chemokines and cytokines previously shown to be key components of early host response to C. albicans were determined at intervals up to 3 days after challenge. By 12 h after C. albicans challenge, the levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic peptide 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, and MIP-2 were higher in the kidneys of mice challenged with the pmr1Δ mutant than in animals challenged with the other strains and were lower by day 3, suggesting an earlier host response to the pmr1Δ mutant. The production of these chemokines also diminished earlier than controls in mice infected with the mnt1/2Δ strain. Although these differences were statistically significant, their magnitude was seldom great, and no unambiguous evidence was obtained for individual responses specific to any cell surface glycosylation change. We conclude that complex, multifactorial local responses offset and obscure any differences resulting from differences in surface mannosylation of C. albicans strains when infection results from pathology-standardized challenges.
Indigenous Message Tailoring Increases Consumption of Fresh Vegetables by Clients of Community Pantries

This study tested whether message tailoring of recipes and food-use tips for low-income households is superior to providing a generic version of the material. The field experiment was conducted in the busy conditions found at community food pantries, and included 10 food distributions at each of six sites. We analyzed the consumption of fresh vegetables 6 days following distributions, and retention of print materials 6 weeks later. Self-determination and reactance theories guided the development of tailoring in an indigenous fashion, allowing each pantry client to choose recipes and food tips thought personally useful. This contrasted against paternalistic tailoring, common in health communication, where a motivational theory is used to regulate the health messages given to recipients. Results demonstrated benefits of tailoring over both generic and control conditions and uncovered the degree of tailoring that produced the largest effects. As suggested by construal level theory, the intervention addressed recipients' immediate and concrete decisions about healthy eating, instead of distant or abstract goals like prevention of illnesses. We documented per-client costs of tailored information. Results also suggested that benefits from social capital at sites offering a health outreach may exceed the impact of message tailoring on outcomes of interest.
'Nothing to lose and everything to gain': Neighbourhood Houses and later life learners

Abstract This article focusses on later life learning in Neighbourhood Houses in Victoria, Australia, amidst a backdrop of neoliberal education policies impacting on Adult Community Education (ACE) in Australia. This empirical research was conducted in the state of Victoria and charts the learning of older learners (referred to in this article as later life learners), who have come to the houses for a variety of reasons, but primarily to learn new knowledge, to socialise and stay active in later life. Founded in the 1960s and 1970s, Neighbourhood Houses have provided both formal, informal and incidental learning experiences for adults returning to study. The research uses a case study methodology to explore the learning experiences of later life learners returning to study. It outlines the benefits to participants in terms of their health and well-being, knowledge and skill development through formal, informal and incidental learning in the houses. We apply the lens of Bourdieu to present the distinctive practices within Neighbourhood Houses that create a habitus conducive to adult and lifelong learning. We argued that Neighbourhood Houses provide educational experiences for later life learners that contribute to social inclusion, building community and decreasing social isolation.
Silymarin Ascending Multiple Oral Dosing Phase I Study in Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C

Silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum, is widely used for self‐treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its antiviral activity has been demonstrated in vitro and in HCV patients administered an intravenous formulation of the major silymarin flavonolignans, silybin A and silybin B. The safety and dose‐exposure relationships of higher than customary oral doses of silymarin and its acute effects on serum HCV RNA were evaluated in noncirrhotic HCV patients. Four cohorts of 8 patients with well‐compensated, chronic noncirrhotic HCV who failed interferon‐based therapy were randomized 3:1 to silymarin or placebo. Oral doses of 140, 280, 560, or 700 mg silymarin were administered every 8 hours for 7 days. Steady‐state exposures for silybin A and silybin B increased 11‐fold and 38‐fold, respectively, with a 5‐fold increase in dose, suggesting nonlinear pharmacokinetics. No drug‐related adverse events were reported, and no clinically meaningful reductions from baseline serum transaminases or HCV RNA titer were observed. Oral doses of silymarin up to 2.1 g per day were safe and well tolerated. The nonlinear pharmacokinetics of silybin A and silybin B suggests low bioavailability associated with customary doses of silymarin may be overcome with doses above 700 mg.
Performance Improvement of AlN–GaN-Based Intersubband Detectors by Using Quantum Dots

We report a strong performance improvement for 1.55-μm AIN-GaN-based intersubband photodetectors. Thanks to the use of quantum dots (QDs) instead of quantum wells (QWs), a factor of 60 could be gained in terms of maximum responsivity. In addition, this performance was achieved at a considerably higher temperature of 160 K instead of 80 K as typically seen for QWs. The responsivity of these photodetectors, which are based on optical rectification, is strongly influenced by their excited state lifetime. We believe that a much longer electron lifetime in the upper QD states and an increased lateral electron displacement are responsible for the observed improvement.