Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Document Classification Using Bags of Words

Humans are remarkably adept at classifying text documents into categories. For instance, while reading a news story, we are rapidly able to assess whether it belongs to the domain of finance, politics or sports. Automating this task would have applications for content-based search or filtering of digital documents. To this end, it is interesting to investigate the nature of information humans use to classify documents. Here we report experimental results suggesting that this information might, in fact, be quite simple. Using a paradigm of progressive revealing, we determined classification performance as a function of number of words. We found that subjects are able to achieve similar classification accuracy with or without syntactic information across a range of passage sizes. These results have implications for models of human text-understanding and also allow us to estimate what level of performance we can expect, in principle, from a system without requiring a prior step of complex natural language processing. Introspection suggests that for text understanding, humans use a form of representation that takes into account structural and layout information in addition to word-level information. This is particularly likely in a typical document classification task scenario where only limited time is available to choose, from a set of documents, those that are relevant to a certain query or interest. In such a scenario, it seems plausible that syntax and layout information, such as headlines or paragraph boundaries, may be important for performing the classification task. However, there is little systematic experimental work that directly tests this expectation; how would classification performance suffer if syntax and layout information were removed from text passages? Following standard practice in the field (Mitchell 1997), we refer to a syntax and layout free representation as a 'bag of words' (BOW). A BOW is a feature vector where each element in the vector indicates the presence (or absence) of a word. Our goal was to test whether human classification performance is compromised with a BOW based representation relative to normally structured text and whether increased time pressure on the task increases the need for a structured representation. Furthermore, we wanted to assess how classification performance with the two representations changes as a function of the number of words included in the passages. In order to probe these questions, we experimentally compared human document classification performance on fully structured documents with performance on a BOW representation, with and without time constraints …
VCO gain calibration technique for GSM/EDGE polar modulated transmitter

This paper describes a VCO gain calibration technique for the two-point modulation scheme using Delta-Sigma frequency synthesizer. The proposed technique enables PLL-based phase modulator to have wide bandwidth with good signal quality. A fully integrated GSM/EDGE polar modulated transmitter, implemented in a 0.13 mum CMOS process, is presented to show the feasibility of this calibration technique. After the calibration, it shows a margin of 8 dB to the spectrum mask at 400 kHz offset with EVM of 2%.
Code-Injection Attacks in Browsers Supporting Policies

Code-injection attacks can take place in a large variety of layers, from native code to databases and web applications. The latter case involves mainly client-side code injection in the browser environment, also known as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). There are numerous ways to defeat XSS attacks, from static and taint analysis to policy enforcement in the web browser. In this paper, we enlist new forms of XSS attacks that seek to bypass browser enforced policies. The attacks outlined in this paper resemble the classic return-tolibc attack in native code. We propose a new form of code isolation, based on browser actions, in order to mitigate the problem.
Ethnicity versus country-of-origin effects: A situational process-focused approach towards designer fashion brand evaluation

ABSTRACT The globalization of trade and the increasingly mixed identities of consumers suggest that researchers on “country of origin” (COO) should go beyond nationality. Thus, we propose the “ethnicity of origin” (EOO) construct as an alternative to COO. We focus on a privileged area of investigation – fashion – and operationalize the construct through three variables: the designer’s birthplace, educational background and headquarters location. We conduct a cross-national experimental factorial analysis on a sample of 980 respondents from China, France and Italy. Results suggest that the three variables have an impact on brand evaluation. The indirect impact on willingness to buy (WBUY) and willingness to recommend (WREC) is also supported. However, correlations vary according to the ethnicity of the consumer. More specifically, our results stress that ethnicity cues have a strong influence on potential Chinese customers. Moreover, consumer ethnocentrism acts as an important moderator of the relationship between ethnicity cues and perceived brand image evaluation. EOO cues should be taken into account as strategic branding levers when defining marketing strategies in the fashion industry. Findings support our suggestion that studies on COO should address a situational focused approach to ethnicity.
The interaction of a giant planet with a disc with MHD turbulence – I. The initial turbulent disc models

This is the first of a series of papers aimed at developing and interpreting simulations of protoplanets interacting with turbulent accretion discs. In this first paper we study the turbulent disc models prior to the introduction of a perturbing protoplanet. We study cylindrical disc models in which a central domain is in Keplerian rotation and unstable to the magnetorotational instability. Models of varying disc size and aspect ratio H/r are considered with magnetic fields having zero net flux. We relate the properties of the turbulent models to classical viscous disc theory. All models were found to attain a turbulent state in their Keplerian domains with volume averaged stress parameter α ∼ 5 × 10 −3 . At any particular time the vertically and azimuthally averaged value exhibited large fluctuations in radius. However, an additional time average over periods exceeding three orbital periods at the outer boundary of the Keplerian domain resulted in a more smoothly varying quantity with radial variations within a factor of 2 or so. The vertically and azimuthally averaged radial velocity showed much larger spatial and temporal fluctuations, requiring additional time averaging for at least seven to eight orbital periods at the outer boundary of the Keplerian domain to limit them. Comparison with the value derived from the averaged stress using viscous disc theory yielded schematic agreement for feasible averaging times but with some indication that the effects of residual fluctuations remained. The behaviour described above must be borne in mind when considering laminar disc simulations with anomalous Navier‐Stokes viscosity. This is because the operation of a viscosity, as in classical viscous disc theory with anomalous viscosity coefficient, cannot apply to a turbulent disc undergoing rapid changes due to external perturbation. The classical theory can only be used to describe the time averaged behaviour of the parts of the disc that are in a statistically steady condition long enough for appropriate averaging to be carried out.
IJARAS Application of an Optimization Method in Practical Systems

Power System Stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary damping control signals for the excitation system in order to damp the Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO) of the electric power system. The PSS is usually designed based on classical control approaches but this Conventional PSS (CPSS) has some problems. To overcome the drawbacks of CPSS, numerous techniques have been proposed in literatures. In this paper an optimal tuned CPSS is considered for damping electric power system oscillations. The parameters of the proposed CPSS are tuned based on memetic algorithm (MA) optimization method. The proposed PSS (MA-PSS) is evaluated at a single machine infinite bus power system considering system parametric uncertainties. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.
View-invariant representation and learning of human action

Automatically understanding human actions from video sequences is a very challenging problem. This involves the extraction of relevant visual information from a video sequence, representation of that information in a suitable form, and interpretation of visual information for the purpose of recognition and learning. We first present a view-invariant representation of action consisting of dynamic instants and intervals, which is computed using spatiotemporal curvature of a trajectory. This representation is then used by our system to learn human actions without any training. The system automatically segments video into individual actions, and computes a view-invariant representation for each action. The system is able to incrementally, learn different actions starting with no model. It is able to discover different instances of the same action performed by different people, and in different viewpoints. In order to validate our approach, we present results on video clips in which roughly 50 actions were performed by five different people in different viewpoints. Our system performed impressively by correctly interpreting most actions.
A Robust Amorphous Hierarchy from Persistent Nodes

© 2 0 0 3 m a s s a c h u s e t t s i n s t i t u t e o f t e c h n o l o g y, c a m b r i d g e , m a 0 2 1 3 9 u s a — w w w. a i. m i t. e d u m a s s a c h u s e t t s i n s t i t u t e o f t e c h n o l o g y — a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e l a b o r a t o r y @ MIT
Version Control for Asynchronous Group Work 1 Introduction

Controlling the development of di erent versions of a document can be a complex task, even for a single author to handle. This task is likely to become more complex as the number of authors increases, and more complex still if those authors are distributed geographically with only limited means of communication, such as electronic mail, to connect them. If this last situation makes version control di cult to manage it also makes it very necessary. This paper looks at the issue of version control comparing single and multiple user situations. The aim is to focus on requirements for version control that will assist asynchronous distributed group writing. The paper concludes with an informal description of MSC, a multiple-source control system which seeks to ful ll these requirements.
From object-oriented to goal-oriented requirements analysis

were proposed more than 10 years ago. The Object-Oriented Systems Analysis (OOSA) technique [12] adopts the Entity-Relationship (ER) model to capture the declarative aspects of a software system. This was soon followed by two new proposals, Object-Oriented Analysis [3] and the Object-Oriented Modeling Technique (OMT) [11], which support the modeling of declarative, behavioral as well as interactive aspects of a software system. Today, there are dozens of like-minded techniques and commercial tools founded on the OO way of thinking that support development from requirements analysis to implementation. Indeed, the great promise of OOA is that the whole software development process can be streamlined and simplified by having the same building blocks (objects, classes, methods, messages, inheritance and the like) used in all phases of development, from requirements to implementation. A recent proposal, the Unified Modeling Language (UML)—see www.rational. com/uml—attempts to integrate features of the more preeminent models in OOA, thereby enhancing reusability and consolidating the growing OOA market. Why is OOA popular? In a nutshell, because it significantly advances the state of practice in requirements modeling. The pracThe growing influence of object-oriented programming on programming practice
QNQKE targeting motif for the SMN‐Gemin multiprotein complexin neurons

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a heritable neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons that is caused by the impaired expression of the full‐length form of the survival of motor neuron protein (SMN), which may have a specialized function in neurons related to mRNA localization. We have previously shown that a population SMN complexes contain Gemin ribonucleoproteins and traffic in the form of granules to neuronal processes and growth cones of cultured neurons. A QNQKE sequence within exon 7 has been shown to be necessary for both cytoplasmic localization of SMN and axonal function. Here we show that the QNQKE sequence can influence the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of the SMN‐Gemin complex and its localization into neuronal processes. QNQKE exerted a stronger effect on SMN localization in primary neurons compared with COS‐7 cells. By using double‐label fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, SMN granules within neuronal processes colocalized with poly‐(A) mRNA and PABP. These findings provide further evidence in support of a neuronal function for SMN and motivation to investigate for impaired assembly and/or localization of mRNP complexes as an underlying cause of SMA. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Voltammetry Potentiostat Design for Large Dynamic Range Current Measurement

In this paper, we design a voltammetry potentiostat for the signal processing of electrochemical biosensors. By means of a current range detector and multi-ratio current mirrors, the measured currents of biosensors can be scaled to a proper magnitude of currents. So, the proposed potentiostat can be applied in the biosensors with large dynamic range current variation. The measured biosensor current is converted to a frequency-modulated pulse waveform, whose frequency is proportional to the magnitude of the biosensor current. The simulation results show that the detectable range of the biosensor's current is from 10 nA to 1 mA.
PyNAST: a flexible tool for aligning sequences to a template alignment

Motivation: The Nearest Alignment Space Termination (NAST) tool is commonly used in sequence-based microbial ecology community analysis, but due to the limited portability of the original implementation, it has not been as widely adopted as possible. Python Nearest Alignment Space Termination (PyNAST) is a complete reimplementation of NAST, which includes three convenient interfaces: a Mac OS X GUI, a command-line interface and a simple application programming interface (API). Results: The availability of PyNAST will make the popular NAST algorithm more portable and thereby applicable to datasets orders of magnitude larger by allowing users to install PyNAST on their own hardware. Additionally because users can align to arbitrary template alignments, a feature not available via the original NAST web interface, the NAST algorithm will be readily applicable to novel tasks outside of microbial community analysis. Availability: PyNAST is available at http://pynast.sourceforge. net. Contact: rob.knight@colorado.edu
Stable time integration suppresses unphysical oscillations in the bidomain model

The bidomain model is a popular model for simulating electrical activity in cardiac tissue. It is a continuum-based model consisting of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing spatially averaged cellular reactions and a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) describing electrodiffusion on tissue level. Because of this multi-scale, ODE/PDE structure of the model, operator-splitting methods that treat the ODEs and PDEs in separate steps are natural candidates as numerical solution methods. Second-order methods can generally be expected to be more effective than first-order methods under normal accuracy requirements. However, the simplest and the most commonly applied second-order method for the PDE step, the Crank--Nicolson (CN) method, may generate unphysical oscillations. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a two-stage, L-stable singly diagonally implicit Runge--Kutta method for solving the PDEs of the bidomain model. Numerical experiments show that the enhanced stability property of this method leads to more physically realistic numerical simulations compared to both the CN and backward Euler methods.
Generating furniture for augmented reality applications using natural language

In this paper, I present a method for modeling furniture using natural language as a high level description for different furniture parts. Furthermore I show how to use these phrases for the interactive and procedural modeling of 3D furniture objects. Thereafter I will give an introduction outlining how to apply this system to real time augmented reality applications, e.g. in the furniture industry.
Turkish Academics’ Foreign Language Academic Literacy: A Needs Analysis Study

For academics, foreign language academic literacy is essential in order to read and analyze academic sources in the foreign language effectively as well as to produce and present their own work in that language. In spite of various studies and trainings on English for academic purposes, it is still questioned why academics and graduate students cannot have the literacy in this area. To address this problem, it is necessary to examine and determine their needs for foreign language academic literacy. Therefore, the present paper reports a large scale needs analysis on the academics and graduate students across different disciplines all over Turkey. Applying quantitative research method, this study adapted a survey model to determine and discuss which academic language skill is the most difficult and what language skill competencies they should improve from their perspective. The results were analyzed in terms of the language skill competencies and the participants’ disciplines they studied. The findings indicated that the participants needed most of the competencies questioned in the survey, and their needs were language-skill specific rather than discipline-specific. The participants mostly emphasized academic writing competencies, which supports the assumption in the literature that productive skills are the most difficult skill to improve for learners.
III–V Nanowire Transistors for Low-Power Logic Applications: A Review and Outlook

III-V semiconductors, especially InAs, have much higher electron mobilities than Si and have been considered as promising candidates for n-channel materials for post-Si low-power CMOS logic applications. Combined with the inherent 3-D structure that enables the gate-all-around (GAA) geometry for superb gate electrostatic control, III-V nanowire (NW) MOSFETs are well positioned to extend the scaling beyond Si. This paper attempts to provide a review of the growth and fabrication approaches (both bottom-up and top-down), and the state-of-the-art device performance of III-V NW GAA MOSFETs, as well as an outlook of their scaling potential.
Assessment of the physiological potential of super sweet corn seeds 1

The assessment of physiological potential is essential in seed quality control programs. This study compared the sensitivity of different procedures for evaluating super sweet corn seed vigor, focusing on the primary root protrusion test. Six seed lots, each of the SWB 551 and SWB 585 hybrids, were used. Seed physiological potential was evaluated by germination and vigor tests (speed of germination, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging, cold test, seedling length, seedling emergence and primary root protrusion). Primary root protrusion was evaluated every 12 hours at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C using two criteria (primary root protrusion and seedlings at the 2 mm root stage). It was concluded that the primary root protrusion test at 15 °C can evaluate super sweet corn seed vigor by counting the number of seedlings at the 2 mm root stage.
Automatic positive sentiment word extraction for Chinese text classification

Sentiment analysis aims to predict sentiment tendency automatically. Traditional methods tackling this problem are mostly based on supervised learning,but it is time-consuming and uneasy to extendable. In this paper,we provide a novel method of sentiment analysis based on un-supervised learning together with some language rules. It is no necessary to have a positive sentiment dictionary beforehand as we can build it automatically during processing the comments. By this positive sentiment dictionary,it provides an efficient way to classify the product reviews. The methodology presented is easy to extend due to its un-domain-dependency. As we can see,the experiment result obtained shows its promising application.
EFFECT OF LIMB MOVEMENTS ON COMPACT UWB WEARABLE ANTENNA RADIATION PERFORMANCE FOR HEALTHCARE MONITORING

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the human body limb movement influence on the radiation pattern of a wearable antenna during different activities. The analysis is carried out at 3, 6, 9GHz of the 3–10 GHz UWB range of frequencies. Simulations are carried out on a human body model in CST microwave studio with a compact wearable antenna to obtain the body-worn antenna radiation patterns for lower and higher frequencies. This study gives an insight into the variation of the radiation patterns of a compact UWB antenna depending upon the position of the wearable antenna on the body. Results conclude that the radiation pattern of the wearable antenna changes significantly in terms of shape, size, level of distortion, and direction of maximum radiation with different limb movement activities and also depends upon the placement of the antenna on the limbs. The coverage area of the wearable antenna radiation pattern becomes highly directive and shrinks in coverage area for the shoulder/thigh node in comparison to the wrist/ankle wearable node by 10–15%. The bending of the limbs leads to deformation and reduction in area of the radiation pattern with values as high as 30–40% compared to free space scenario as the bending angle between the upper and lower arm/leg reduces. The analysis presented gives directional information regarding maximum radiation and the field strength of the radiation pattern for various activities performed. The present study reports results on the influence of the wearable antenna position, on detection and tracking performance of RF and microwave biomedical devices/sensors suitable for various healthcare applications such as tracking of human subject, patient monitoring, gait analysis, physical exercises, yoga, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation.
Regulates LKB 1 Localization by Blocking Access to Importin-, and by Association with Crm 1 and Exportin-7

LKB1, a serine/threonine kinase, regulates cell polarity, metabolism, and cell growth. The activity and cellular distribution of LKB1 are determined by cofactors, STRAD and MO25. STRAD induces relocalization of LKB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and stimulates its catalytic activity. MO25 stabilizes the STRAD /LKB1 interaction. We investigated the mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport of LKB1 in response to its cofactors. Although LKB1 is imported into the nucleus by importin/ , STRAD and MO25 passively diffuse between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. STRAD induces nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of LKB1. STRAD facilitates nuclear export of LKB1 by serving as an adaptor between LKB1 and exportins CRM1 and exportin7. STRAD inhibits import of LKB1 by competing with importinfor binding to LKB1. MO25 stabilizes the LKB1–STRAD complex but it does not facilitate its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Strikingly, the STRAD , isoform which differs from STRAD in the Nand C-terminal domains that are responsible for interaction with export receptors, does not efficiently relocalize LKB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. These results identify a multifactored mechanism to control LKB1 localization, and they suggest that the STRAD -LKB1 complex might possess unique functions in the nucleus.