Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Word Embeddings for Bilexical Predictions: An Experimental Comparison

We investigate the problem of inducing word embeddings that are tailored for a particular bilexical relation. Our learning algorithm takes an existing lexical vector space and compresses it such that the resulting word embeddings are good predictors for a target bilexical relation. In experiments we show that task-specific embeddings can benefit both the quality and efficiency in lexical prediction tasks.
Citizens’, Scientists’, and Policy Advisors’ Beliefs about Global Warming

Numerous factors shape citizens’ beliefs about global warming, but there is very little research that compares the views of the public with key actors in the policymaking process. We analyze data from simultaneous and parallel surveys of (1) the U.S. public, (2) scientists who actively publish research on energy technologies in the United States, and (3) congressional policy advisors and find that beliefs about global warming vary markedly among them. Scientists and policy advisors are more likely than the public to express a belief in the existence and anthropogenic nature of global warming. We also find ideological polarization about global warming in all three groups, although scientists are less polarized than the public and policy advisors over whether global warming is actually occurring. Alarmingly, there is evidence that the ideological divide about global warming gets significantly larger according to respondents’ knowledge about politics, energy, and science.
Validation of Merging Techniques for Cancer Microarray Data Sets

There is a vast amount of gene expression data that has been gathered in microarray studies all over the world. Many of these studies use different experimentation plans, different platforms, different methodologies, etc. Merging information of different studies is an important part of current research in bio-informatics and several algorithms have been proposed recently. There is a need to create large data sets which will allow more statistically relevant analysis. In this article we concisely describe several data merging techniques and apply them on cancer microarray data sets. We study three cases of increasing complexity and test all methods by using a number of popular validation criteria. Furthermore, we test the compatibility of the transformed data sets by performing cross-study classification.
Assessment of Learning Style in a Sample of Saudi Medical Students

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED Background By knowing the different students’ learning styles, teachers can plan their instruction carefully in ways that are capitalized on student preferences. The current research is done to determine specific learning styles of students. Method This cross sectional study was conducted in Al Ahsa College of Medicine from 2011 to 2012. A sample of 518 students completed a questionnaire based on Kolb inventory (LSI 2) to determine their learning style. A spreadsheet was prepared to compute all the information to get the cumulative scores of learning abilities and identify the learning styles. Results The mean values of the learning abilities; active experimentation (AE), reflective observation (RO), abstract conceptualizing (AC) or concrete experience (CE) for male students were 35, 28, 30 and 26 respectively while they were 31, 30, 31 and 29 respectively for female students. There were significant difference between male and female students regarding the mean values of AE-RO (6.7 vs 1.5) and AC-CE (4.1 vs 2.1). This indicated that the style of male students were more convergent and accommodating than those of female students. The female had more assimilating and divergent styles. Conclusion Learning style in Saudi medical students showed difference between males and females in the early college years. Most male students had convergent and accommodating learning styles, while the female dominant learning styles were divergent and assimilating. Planning and implementation of instruction need to consider these findings.
Altered Stress-Induced Anxiety in Adenylyl Cyclase Type VIII-Deficient Mice

Stress results in alterations in behavior and physiology that can be either adaptive or maladaptive. To define the molecular pathways involved in the response to stress further, we generated mice deficient (KO) in the calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase type VIII (AC8) by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. AC8 KO mice demonstrate a compromise in calcium-stimulated AC activity in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem. Hippocampal slices derived from AC8 KO mice fail to demonstrate CA1-region long-term depression after low-frequency stimulation, and AC8 KO mice also fail to activate CRE-binding protein in the CA1 region after restraint stress. To define the behavioral consequences of AC8 deficiency, we evaluated AC8 KO mice in the elevated plus-maze and open field. Although naı̈ve AC8 KO mice exhibit indices of anxiety comparable with that of wild-type mice, AC8 KO mice do not show normal increases in behavioral markers of anxiety when subjected to repeated stress such as repetitive testing in the plus-maze or restraint preceding plus-maze testing. These results demonstrate a novel role for AC8 in the modulation of anxiety.
Always on My Mind

Abstract While the act of leisure travel does not happen on a daily basis, travel-related occurrences typically do. The purpose of this study was to document consumer recall of daily travel occurrences and examine the relationship between recall and leisure travel involvement, travel frequency and timing of past and future travel. Further, similarities between types of recalled travel occurrences and deliberately sought travel information were assessed. The responses of 335 travel consumers indicated support for hypothesized relationships between daily occurrence recall and travel involvement, frequency and recency. Travel occurrences are a consistent part of consumers daily lives and operate as an important bridge between past and future travel.
DARIO: a ncRNA detection and analysis tool for next-generation sequencing experiments

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs, snoRNAs and tRNAs are a diverse collection of molecules with several important biological functions. Current methods for high-throughput sequencing for the first time offer the opportunity to investigate the entire ncRNAome in an essentially unbiased way. However, there is a substantial need for methods that allow a convenient analysis of these overwhelmingly large data sets. Here, we present DARIO, a free web service that allows to study short read data from small RNA-seq experiments. It provides a wide range of analysis features, including quality control, read normalization, ncRNA quantification and prediction of putative ncRNA candidates. The DARIO web site can be accessed at http://dario.bioinf. uni-leipzig.de/.
Tango: Simplifying SDN Control with Automatic Switch Property Inference, Abstraction, and Optimization

A major benefit of software-defined networking (SDN) over traditional networking is simpler and easier control of network devices. The diversity of SDN switch implementation properties, which include both diverse switch hardware capabilities and diverse control-plane software behaviors, however, can make it difficult to understand and/or to control the switches in an SDN network. In this paper, we present Tango, a novel framework to explore the issues of understanding and optimization of SDN control, in the presence of switch diversity. The basic idea of Tango is novel, simple, and yet quite powerful. In particular, different from all previous SDN control systems, which either ignore switch diversity or depend on that switches can and will report diverse switch implementation properties, Tango introduces a novel, proactive probing engine that infers key switch capabilities and behaviors, according to a well-structured set of Tango patterns, where a Tango pattern consists of a sequence of standard OpenFlow commands and a corresponding data traffic pattern. Utilizing the inference results from Tango patterns and additional application API hints, Tango conducts automatic switch control optimization, despite diverse switch capabilities and behaviors. Evaluating Tango on both hardware switches and emulated software switches, we show that Tango can infer flow table sizes, which are key switch implementation properties, within less than 5% of actual values, despite diverse switch caching algorithms, using a probing algorithm that is asymptotically optimal in terms of probing overhead. We demonstrate cases where routing and scheduling optimizations based on Tango improves the rule installation time by up to 70% in our hardware switch testbed.
Species interactions and the structure of complex communication networks

Significance Social signals used in multispecies choruses are generally assumed to be partitioned across temporal, spatial, or design axes to minimize the costs of misidentification. In contrast, we show that Amazonian bird species signaling in temporal and spatial proximity use acoustic signals that are more similar in design than expected by chance. We also show evidence that this pattern emerges because phylogenetically conserved (or potentially convergent) signals mediate interspecific competition among species with similar ecological niches. Together, these results suggest that acoustic choruses can be fundamentally organized by social communication extending beyond species boundaries and that such communication networks are inherently clustered by increased stereotypy and synchrony among species. A universal challenge faced by animal species is the need to communicate effectively against a backdrop of heterospecific signals. It is often assumed that this need results in signal divergence to minimize interference among community members, yet previous support for this idea is mixed, and few studies have tested the opposing hypothesis that interactions among competing species promote widespread convergence in signaling regimes. Using a null model approach to analyze acoustic signaling in 307 species of Amazonian birds, we show that closely related lineages signal together in time and space and that acoustic signals given in temporal or spatial proximity are more similar in design than expected by chance. These results challenge the view that multispecies choruses are structured by temporal, spatial, or acoustic partitioning and instead suggest that social communication between competing species can fundamentally organize signaling assemblages, leading to the opposite pattern of clustering in signals and signaling behavior.
L/d, padziernik 2004

The user-perceived web server performance has a strong bearing on popularity of a portal, site or service as users may choose not to return to a particular web page if it takes a long time to retrieve its content. We present a new approach to how a server can identify incoming clients that suffer from a poor performance and how can it react in order to improve a user-perceived connection quality based on that identification.
Distributed clustering for ad hoc networks

A Distributed Clustering Algorithm (DCA) and a Distributed Mobility-Adaptive Clustering (DMAC) algorithm are presented that partition the nodes of a fully mobile network: (ad hoc network) into clusters, this giving the network a hierarchical organization. Nodes are grouped by following a new weight-based criterion that allows the choice of the nodes that coordinate the clustering process based on node mobility-rebated parameters. The DCA is suitable for clustering "quasistatic" ad hoc networks. It is easy to implement and its time complexity is proven to be bounded by a network parameter that depends on the topology of the network rather than on its size, i.e., the invariant number of the network nodes. The DMAC algorithm adapts to the changes in the network topology due to the mobility of the nodes, and it is thus suitable for any mobile environment. Both algorithms are executed at each node with the sole knowledge of the identity of the one hop neighbors, and induce on the network the same clustering structure.
The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients

Sleep deprivation is common among intensive care patients and may be associated with delirium. We investigated whether the implementation of a bundle of non‐pharmacological interventions, consisting of environmental noise and light reduction designed to reduce disturbing patients during the night, was associated with improved sleep and a reduced incidence of delirium. The study was divided into two parts, before and after changing our practice. One hundred and sixty‐seven and 171 patients were screened for delirium pre‐ and post‐intervention, respectively. Compliance with the interventions was > 90%. The bundle of interventions led to an increased mean (SD) sleep efficiency index (60.8 (3.5) before vs 75.9 (2.2) after, p = 0.031); reduced mean sound (68.8 (4.2) dB before vs 61.8 (9.1) dB after, p = 0.002) and light levels (594 (88.2) lux before vs 301 (53.5) lux after, p = 0.003); and reduced number of awakenings caused by care activities overnight (11.0 (1.1) before vs 9.0 (1.2) after, p = 0.003). In addition, the introduction of the care bundle led to a reduced incidence of delirium (55/167 (33%) before vs 24/171 (14%) after, p < 0.001), and less time spent in delirium (3.4 (1.4) days before vs 1.2 (0.9) days after, p = 0.021). Increases in sleep efficiency index were associated with a lower odds ratio of developing delirium (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.97). The introduction of an environmental noise and light reduction programme as a bundle of non‐pharmacological interventions in the intensive care unit was effective in reducing sleep deprivation and delirium, and we propose a similar programme should be implemented more widely.
Cloud algebra for cloud database management system

The relational algebra is used in relational database management system. The relational algebra is helpful in query processing in SQL. The Object Algebra is used in object oriented database management system for query processing. The object algebra is useful to manage the object in object oriented database management system. Now the concept of Cloud computing is introduced in new the era of computer technology. The concept cloud is also introduced in the field of databases. The cloud database management system is newly introduced in the field of database technology to manage the cloud data. This paper introduces the concept of cloud algebra for the cloud database management system. This paper proposed the concept of cloud algebra for query processing in the cloud. The data are spread over the internet as cloud. The creation of new cloud and setting the relationship among various cloud of data are facilitated by cloud algebra. The updating, deleting and retrieval of data in cloud are done by cloud algebra. The cloud algebra provides powerful computation while using the query processing in CDBMS.
Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology

The memory subsystem accounts for a significant cost and power budget of a computer system. Current DRAM-based main memory systems are starting to hit the power and cost limit. An alternative memory technology that uses resistance contrast in phase-change materials is being actively investigated in the circuits community. Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices offer more density relative to DRAM, and can help increase main memory capacity of future systems while remaining within the cost and power constraints. In this paper, we analyze a PCM-based hybrid main memory system using an architecture level model of PCM.We explore the trade-offs for a main memory system consisting of PCMstorage coupled with a small DRAM buffer. Such an architecture has the latency benefits of DRAM and the capacity benefits of PCM. Our evaluations for a baseline system of 16-cores with 8GB DRAM show that, on average, PCM can reduce page faults by 5X and provide a speedup of 3X. As PCM is projected to have limited write endurance, we also propose simple organizational and management solutions of the hybrid memory that reduces the write traffic to PCM, boosting its lifetime from 3 years to 9.7 years.
On Fair Attribution of Costs under Peak-Based Pricing to Cloud Tenants

The costs incurred by cloud providers towards operating their data centers are often determined in large part by their peak demands. The pricing schemes currently used by cloud providers to recoup these costs from their tenants, however, do not distinguish tenants based on their contributions to the cloud's overall peak demand. Using the concrete example of peak-based pricing as employed by many electric utility companies, we show that this "gap" may lead to unfair attribution of costs to the tenants. Simple enhancements of existing cloud pricing (e.g., analogous to the coincident peak pricing (CPP) used by some electric utilities) do not adequately address these shortcomings and suffer from short-term unfairness and undesirable oscillatory price vs. demand relationship offered to tenants. To overcome these shortcomings, we define an alternative pricing scheme to more fairly distribute a cloud's costs among its tenants. Our approach to fair attribution of cloud's costs is inspired by the concept of Shapley values used to fairly divide revenue among participants of a financial coalition. We demonstrate the efficacy of our scheme under price-sensitive tenant demand response using a combination of (i) extensive empirical evaluation with recent workloads from commercial data centers operated by IBM, and (ii) analytical modeling through non-cooperative game theory for a special case of tenant demand model.
Completely Automated Equivalence Proofs

Verifying partial (i.e., termination-insensitive) equivalence of programs has significant practical applications in software development and education. Conventional equivalence verifiers typically rely on a combination of given relational summaries and suggested synchronization points; such information can be extremely difficult for programmers without a background in formal methods to provide for pairs of programs with dissimilar logic. In this work, we propose a completely automated verifier for determining partial equivalence, named Pequod. Pequod automatically synthesizes expressive proofs of equivalence conventionally only achievable via careful, manual constructions of product programs To do so, Pequod syntheses relational proofs for selected pairs of program paths and combines the per-path relational proofs to synthesize relational program invariants. To evaluate Pequod, we implemented it as a tool that targets Java Virtual Machine bytecode and applied it to verify the equivalence of hundreds of pairs of solutions submitted by students for problems hosted on popular online coding platforms, most of which could not be verified by existing techniques.
Barriers to Care and Psychological Distress Differences between Bisexual and Gay Men and Women

The bisexual community may face unique barriers to health care that affect mental health outcomes; however, previous research has not specifically compared bisexual and gay men and women on these factors. This study explored differences between bisexual and gay men and women in barriers to care and psychological distress among a sample of 2,500 bisexual and gay men and women recruited online. Bisexual men and women were more likely to report barriers to care ranging from limited availability of providers to less comfort discussing their sexual orientation with their provider. Differences in specific mental health outcomes centered on sexual orientation, but not gender. Bisexual women reported the highest levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, and bisexual men reported higher levels of anxiety than gay men and gay women. Findings suggest that the sociocultural pressures affecting barriers to care and psychological distress may be disproportionately affecting bisexual individuals, even more so than previously documented sociocultural pressures related to gender.
Screening of Potential HIV-1 Inhibitors/Replication Blockers Using Secure Lentiviral in Vitro System

The development and usage of safe cell systems for testing agents which possess anti-HIV activity is a very important factor in the design of new drugs. We have described in detail a system we designed that is based on lentiviral vectors (Prokofjeva et. al.,Antiviral Therapy,in print) for swift and completely safe screening of potential HIV-1 replication inhibitors. The system enables one to test the efficiency of the inhibitory activity of compounds whose action is directed towards either wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase or integrase, or mutant enzymes corresponding to the drug-resistant virus form. Testing results of a number of already known drugs, which correlate well with published data as well as data on newly synthesized compounds, were obtained. Application of this system substantially broadens the possibilities of preclinical anti-HIV drugs testing.
Anti-Phishing Research: The Journey so Far

Phishing attacks are becoming an everyday threat to the ever growing cyber community. Regrettably, most online users do not understand some of the simplest indicators of a typical phishing scam. In addition, the sophistication of some of the newest phishing defeat most of the current software-based countermeasure and anti-phishing education. In this work, a new paradigm-shift architecture is proposed after extensive survey of current client/server-based anti-phishing techniques. Although the architecture is at implementation stage, we present this paper to communicate the state of anti-phishing research to support the efficiency of the new approach in the fight against phishing attacks.
Operational numerical simulation of a four-spiral in-pipe robot

Based on an in-pipe robot with four spiral bodies in its tail, the dynamics equations of the fluid in the pipe are established when the robot runs. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the robot’s force, circumferential torque and pressure on the pipe are numerically analyzed when the spiral directions of four spiral bodies are alternately left-handed and right-handed or are all left-handed, and different spiral directions correspond to different rotational directions. When the robot is needed to change direction, the rotational directional combinations of the four spiral bodies are calculated and designed. The results show that when the spiral directions of four spiral bodies alternate and the rotational directions of spiral bodies with different spiral directions are different, the formed axial thrust forces are the same, and the formed radial forces are counterbalanced, so that the robot moves axially in a balanced state. When the spiral and rotational directions of four spiral bodies are the same, the uniform axial thrust forces and a certain circumferential torque are formed, so that the robot moves axially in a rotating state. Under the two conditions, the robots can achieve turning arbitrarily. The turning directions of the four-spiral robots only relate to the rotational directions of the robotic spiral bodies. By contrasting the numerical values and the experimental values of the thrust forces between the cylinder and the spiral ribbed plate in the reference, the correctness of the numerical calculation method used in this paper is verified. The above research shows that such multi-spiral in-pipe robots are suitable to achieve inspection, dredging and other functions.
Annals of Dyslexia

▶ Dedicated to the scientific study of dyslexia. ▶ Features coverage of the comorbid conditions of dyslexia; and theory-based practices on remediation, and intervention of dyslexia and related areas of written language disorders, including spelling, composing and mathematics. ▶ Publishes original empirical studies, significant review, and welldocumented reports of evidence-based effective practices.