Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN DAN PERANANNYA DALAM PEMANFAATAN INFORMASI GEOSPASIAL DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS

Informasi Geospasial (IG) merupakan informasi yang penting dalam mendukung perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan di lembaga pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Dalam Infrastruktur Data Spasial (IDSN) nasional, pemerintah daerah merupakan simpul jaringan yang memiliki peran sebagai pengguna dan produsen IG. Supaya dapat berperan dengan baik, pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pemanfaatan IG di pemerintah daerah perlu dioptimalisasi. Langkah optimalisasi dapat dilakukan apabila para pemangku kepentingan dan perannya dalam pemanfaatan IG dapat diidentifikasi dengan baik. Metode Social Network Analysis (SNA) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk meneliti pola hubungan antara para pemangku kepentingan pemanfaatan IG serta untuk menganalisis tingkat partisipasinya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari penelitian Pusat Pengembangan IDS Universitas Gadjah tentang indeks kesiapan pembangunan IDS pada tahun 2015 dan indeks kinerja IDS pada tahun 2016. Sebanyak 91 kabupaten dan 19 kota mengisi kuesioner tentang pola hubungan produsen dan pengguna IG. Terdapat 18 lembaga pemerintah daerah dan pusat yang terlibat dalam pertukaran IG di daerah. Perangkat lunak open source UCINET digunakan untuk pengolahan data. Sejumlah 183 ikatan dapat dibuat dengan persentase umpan balik sebesar 75,96%. Berdasarkan analisis degree of centrality Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah merupakan lembaga yang memiliki peran paling penting dalam pemanfaatan IG di daerah, ditunjukkan dengan nilai relative centrality sebesar 9,78. Pada sisi produsen dan konsumen, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah dan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum merupakan lembaga yang paling tinggi kontribusinya. Metode SNA berhasil digunakan untuk menggambarkan pola hubungan pemangku kepentingan dalam pemanfaatan IG di daerah serta pola interaksi dan tingkat kontribusinya. Kata kunci : pemangku kepentingan, informasi geospasial, pola hubungan, pemerintah da erah, social network analysis .
Relative distribution of synapses in the A‐laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat

Previous electron microscopic studies of synaptic terminal distributions in the lateral geniculate nucleus have been flawed by potential sampling biases favoring larger synapses. We have thus re‐investigated this in the geniculate A‐laminae of the cat with an algorithm to correct this sampling bias. We used serial reconstructions with the electron microscope to determine the size of each terminal and synaptic type. We observed that RL (retinal) terminals are largest, F (local, GABAergic, inhibitory) terminals are intermediate in size, and RS (cortical and brainstem) terminals are smallest. We also found that synapses from RL terminals are largest, and thus most oversampled, and we used synaptic size data to correct for sampling errors. Doing so, we found that the relative synaptic percentages overall are 11.7% for RL terminals, 27.5% for F, and 60.8% for RS. Furthermore, we distinguished between relay cells and interneurons with post‐embedding immunocytochemistry for GABA (relay cells are GABA negative and interneurons are GABA positive). Onto relay cells, RL terminals contributed 7.1%, F terminals contributed 30.9%, and RS terminals contributed 62.0%. Onto interneurons, RL terminals contributed 48.7%, F terminals contributed 24.4%, and RS terminals contributed 26.9%. We also found that RL terminals included many more separate synaptic contact zones (9.1 ± 1.6) than did F terminals (2.6 ± 0.2) or RS terminals (1.02 ± 0.02). We used these data plus the calculation of overall percentages of each synaptic type to compute the relative percentage of each terminal type in the neuropil: RL terminals represent 1.8%, F terminals represent 14.5%, and RS terminals represent 83.7%. We argue that this relative synaptic paucity is typical for driver inputs (from retina), whereas modulator inputs (all others) require many more synapses to achieve their function. J. Comp. Neurol. 416:509–520, 2000.
Semi-automatic classification of lesion patterns in patients with clinically isolated syndrome

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is neuro-degenerative disease of the Central Nervous System characterized by the loss of myelin. A Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) is a first neurological episode caused by inflammation/demyelination in the central nervous system which may lead to MS. Better understanding of the disease at its onset will lead to a better discovery of pathogenic mechanisms, allowing suitable therapies at an early stage. We propose an automatic segmentation algorithm for two different contrast agents, used within a framework for early characterization of CIS patients according to lesion patterns, and more specifically according to the nature of the inflammatory patterns of these lesions. We expect that the proposed framework can infer new prospective figures from the earliest imaging signs of MS since it can provide a classification of different types of lesions across patients. The lesion detection algorithm based on intensity normalization and subtraction of the used MRI data is a pivotal step, since it avoids the time-demanding task of manual delineation.
A Fast Algorithm for Computing Binomial Coefficients Modulo Powers of Two

I present a new algorithm for computing binomial coefficients modulo 2N. The proposed method has an O(N 3 · Multiplication(N) + N 4) preprocessing time, after which a binomial coefficient C(P, Q) with 0 ≤ Q ≤ P ≤ 2N − 1 can be computed modulo 2N in O(N 2 · log(N) · Multiplication(N)) time. Multiplication(N) denotes the time complexity of multiplying two N-bit numbers, which can range from O(N 2) to O(N · log(N) · log(log(N))) or better. Thus, the overall time complexity for evaluating M binomial coefficients C(P, Q) modulo 2N with 0 ≤ Q ≤ P ≤ 2N − 1 is O((N 3 + M · N 2 · log(N)) · Multiplication(N) + N 4). After preprocessing, we can actually compute binomial coefficients modulo any 2R with R ≤ N. For larger values of P and Q, variations of Lucas' theorem must be used first in order to reduce the computation to the evaluation of multiple (O(log⁡(P))) binomial coefficients C(P′, Q′) (or restricted types of factorials P′! ) modulo 2N with 0 ≤ Q′ ≤ P′ ≤ 2N − 1.
Brothers & Sisters: A New Impetus For Social Construction And Its Impact On Traditional Cultivation Analysis

Scholars recognize television's ability to influence culture. According to Gerbner, television creates socially constructed realities through the cultivation of its viewers. Television is designed to satisfy the diverse needs of large audiences. The mainstream messages conveyed via television have power to alter perceptions and change culture. Gerbner's theory was constructed from the analysis of crime dramas with single plot lines. Using the ABC television program Brothers & Sisters, this thesis explores the theoretical implications dramas with multiple plot lines have on traditional notions of cultivation theory. Through a content analysis and focus groups, evidence was acquired to suggest that cultivation theory, with the added consideration of involvement, is still able to explain television's influence on the social creation of reality.
Disparate faculty perspectives on system changes in higher education

ABSTRACT Higher education (HE) systems around the world have experienced profound structural changes, particularly since the late 1960s to early 1970s, essentially driven by the need to expand access to tertiary education. This has resulted in a diversity of HE institutions (HEI) with different roles, missions and statuses, as well as academic staff with diverse perspectives and motivations. The present study is based on a survey undertaken in Portugal by a trade union, which aimed to collect faculty perspectives on a proposed HE reform sent out for public discussion by the government. Questions addressed the reorganization of the HEI network, the internal restructuring of HEI, the funding system and the binary divide of HEI (universities and polytechnics). The survey results showed a disparity of faculty perspectives about the proposed reform, closely related to the diversity of HEI. Respondents from lower academic categories and from smaller HEI were more opposed to reorganizing the HEI network. This reorganization was more widely accepted by university staff, who were also more in favour of a binary system than were polytechnic respondents. Although there was general agreement about the need to change the funding system, polytechnic respondents were strongly against a funding differentiation between universities and polytechnics. Despite an overall reformist trend, the enthusiasm for reforms declined substantially when the questions had a direct reference to the respondent’s region or institution. It is argued that HE expansion has driven the diversification of HEI, leading to a range of perspectives about the HE system and the way it should be changed. These conclusions may contribute to insights into other HE systems around the world where institutional diversification has been sought by public policies.
PATH PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION USING MATLAB

Motion planning is essential part in robotics science; it is responsible for planning paths for robots. The robot follow this plan in order to reach the goal from its position, while avoid collision with obstacles. Planning modules could be configured to check the optimality, completeness, power saving, shortness of path, minimal number of turn, or the turn sharpness, etc. In this technical paper we review the probabilistically planner RRT (rapidly exploring random tree) as local/global planner and Cell Decomposition as global planner guide the RRT. We focus on implementation of these methods in Matlab environments.
Biotic Impoverishment and Homogenization in Unfragmented Forest Understory Communities

Abstract: Ecological change is often hard to document because of a lack of reliable baseline data. Several recent then‐versus‐now surveys of temperate forest and grassland communities demonstrate losses of local plant species, but most are based on data from a single site. We resurveyed understory communities in 62 upland forest stands in northern Wisconsin (U.S.A.) for which quantitative baseline data exist from 50 years ago. These stands are within a largely unfragmented region but vary in species composition and successional stage. We collected data on changes in (1) total and native species richness, (2) the ratio of exotic to native species, (3) the relative abundance of habitat generalists, and (4) community similarity among sites. We also compared how these rates of change varied over time. Over the past 50 years, native species density declined an average of 18.5% at the 20‐m2 scale, whereas the ratio of exotic species to native species increased at 80% of all sites. Habitat generalists increased, and habitat specialists declined, accounting in part for an 8.7% rise in average similarity in species composition among sites. Most of these changes cannot be related to succession, habitat loss, or invasion by exotic species. Areas without deer hunting showed the greatest declines in native species density, with parks and research natural areas faring no better than unprotected stands. Animal‐pollinated and animal‐dispersed species also declined, particularly at unhunted sites. These results demonstrate the power of quantitative multistand data for assessing ecological change and identify overabundant deer as a key driver of community change. Because maintaining forest habitats alone fails to preserve plant diversity at local scales, local biotic simplification seems likely to continue in the region unless active efforts are taken to protect diversity.
A study of user incentive mechanism in named data networking

Various named data networking (NDN) functions facilitate P2P content distribution, but the user incentive mechanism is missing. In this paper, we study the user incentive mechanism in NDN, particularly the information gathering, i.e., collecting user contribution information to be used to evaluate and reciprocate users, through simulations based on real Bit-Torrent trace. We found that two specific users are matched repeatedly even though the user matching is driven by NDN because the name-based routing naturally realizes the communication localization. As a result, even based only on their personal experiences, users can handle around 81% of content requests with the contribution information about content requesters. Due to the same reason, simple opportunistic exchange (that allows users to share their experiences when they upload a requested content) enables users to handle around 97% of content requests with the contribution information about content requesters. The publish/subscribe paradigm of NDN can also be exploited to enable users to share their experiences, i.e., by publishing their transaction histories. However, considering a huge number of P2P users and contents, this approach is likely to burden NDN routers with high processing and storage overheads.
DQ white-dwarf stars with low C abundance: possible progenitors

The present paper focuses on the evolution of hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs with the aim of exploring the consequences of different initial envelope structures on the carbon abundances expected in helium-rich, carbon- contaminated DQ white dwarfs. In particular, the evolutionary link between the DQs with low detected carbon abundances and the PG1159, extreme horizontal branch, and helium-rich R Coronae Borealis (RCrB) stars is explored. We present full evolutionary calculations that take a self-consistent treatment of element diffusion into account as well as expectations for the outer layer chemical stratification of progenitor stars upon entering the white dwarf regime. We find that PG1159 stars cannot be related to any DQ white dwarfs with low C abundances. Instead, we suggest that the latter could constitute the progeny of the giant, helium-rich RCrB stars.
Frequency of use and importance of software tools in project management practice in Croatia

In developed economies, project management in enterprises is almost inconceivable without the support of dedicated software tools. Over the last decade the way in which project management tasks such as organization, planning and decision-making are executed and supported has evidently evolved. Whereas a decade or so ago scheduling methods including PERT, CPM or using spreadsheets were well-known and widely used, the current standard is software with integrated support for display of activity duration, resource analysis, risk analysis, communication between project participants etc. Apart from advanced network software solutions (EPM, PPM), their less sophisticated versions such as MS Project and Primavera are also well received by users. The research in this paper was conducted on a sample of prominent Croatian companies regarding the practice of project management software using. The obtained results indicate an average level of acceptance of project management support software. Statistically significant correlation values were obtained for variables non-use of support software by small enterprises as well as non-use of support software in small-scale projects.
Comprehension of rapidly transforming landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century

The article presents landscapes as natural, historical, cultural, social and political phenom-ena, and above all as a meaningful part of the environment. We will argue – by giving a contextual framework of landscape changes followed by four case studies from Central and Eastern Europe – that comprehen-sion of landscapes has declined in the 20thcentury. Along with urbanization, globalization and other societal processes rapidly varying socio-economic formations have caused alienation: changes in power result in changes in a society's values and thus some landscape elements are disintegrating, fading or disappear-ing and, as a result, these landscapes are taking on new, altered or modified appearances, functions and meanings. Every change in landscape needs some time to become accepted but if this re-coding of what is regarded as valuable is constantly changing, people become confused, with resultant physical conse-quences: land abandonment; illegal dumping; ill fitting infrastructures; inappropriate housing developments; etc. The main question is whether modern development, e.g. tourism, enhances the relationship between people and the landscape.
Bootstrap for Empirical Multifractal Analysis

Multifractal analysis is becoming a standard statistical analysis technique. In signal processing, it mostly consists of estimating scaling exponents characterizing scale invariance properties. For practical purposes, confidence intervals in estimation and p values in hypothesis testing are of primary importance. In empirical multifractal analysis, the statistical performance of estimation or test procedures remain beyond analytical derivation because of the theoretically involved nature of multifractal processes. Therefore, the goal of this article is to show how non-parametric bootstrap approaches circumvent such limitations and yield procedures that exhibit satisfactory statistical performance and can hence be practically used on real-life data. Such tools are illustrated at work on the analysis of the multifractal properties of empirical hydrodynamic turbulence data.
Eigenvalue-Based Sensing and SNR Estimation for Cognitive Radio in Presence of Noise Correlation

Herein, we present a detailed analysis of an eigenvalue-based sensing technique in the presence of correlated noise in the context of a cognitive radio (CR). We use standard-condition-number (SCN)-based decision statistics based on asymptotic random matrix theory (RMT) for the decision process. First, the effect of noise correlation on eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing (SS) is analytically studied under both the noise-only and signal-plus-noise hypotheses. Second, new bounds for the SCN are proposed to achieve improved sensing in correlated noise scenarios. Third, the performance of fractional-sampling (FS)-based SS is studied, and a method to determine the operating point for the FS rate in terms of sensing performance and complexity is suggested. Finally, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation technique based on the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix of the received signal is proposed. It is shown that the proposed SCN-based threshold improves sensing performance in correlated noise scenarios, and SNRs up to 0 dB can be reliably estimated with a normalized mean square error (MSE) of less than 1% in the presence of correlated noise without the knowledge of noise variance.
Embodied Listening and Timbre: Perceptual, Acoustical, and Neural Correlates

Timbre plays an essential role in transmitting musical affect, and in recent years, our understanding of emotional expression in music has been enriched by contributions from the burgeoning field of embodied music cognition. However, little attention has been paid to timbre as a possible mediator between musical embodiment and affect. In three experiments, we investigated the embodied dimensions of timbre perception by focusing on timbral qualities considered “noisy” and aversive. In Experiment 1, participants rated brief isolated natural timbres scaled into ordinal levels of “noisiness. ” Experiment 2 employed the same design with a focus on polyphonic timbre, using brief (400 ms) excerpts from 6 popular music genres as stimuli. In Experiment 3, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to explore neural activations associated with perception of stimuli from Experiment 1. Converging results from behavioral, acoustical, and fMRI data suggest a motor component to timbre processing, particularly timbral qualities considered “noisy,” indicating a possible enactive mechanism in timbre processing. Activity in somatomotor areas, insula, and the limbic system increased the more participants disliked a timbre, and connectivity between the premotor cortex and insula relay decreased. Implications for recent theories of embodied music cognition, affect, and timbre semantics are discussed in conclusion.
Improved inter mode decision for H.264/AVC using weighted prediction

H.264/AVC video coding standard outperforms former standards in terms of coding efficiency but at the expense of higher computation complexity. Of all the encoding elements in H.264, inter prediction is computationally most intensive and thus adds to the computational burden for the encoder. In this paper, we propose a fast inter prediction algorithm for JVT video coding standard H.264/ AVC. Prior to performing the motion estimation for inter prediction, characteristics like stationarity and homogeneity of each macroblock is determined. The macroblocks correlation with neighboring macroblocks in respect of predicted motion vectors and encoding modes are studied. Weights are assigned for these parameters and the final mode is selected based upon these weights. The average video encoding time reduction in the proposed method is 70% compared to the JVT benchmark JM12.4 while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate. Experimental results for various test sequences at different resolutions are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Voice Timing in Korean Stops

Linguists have disagreed over the features distinguishing the three manner categories of Korean plosives. The three categories of labial, apical and dorsal stops and palatal affricates are variously described for initial position, using one or more ofthe following terms: I. voiceless, tense, long, and glottalized II. voiceless, lax and slightly aspirated III. voiceless, heavily aspirated, and lax by some but tense by others A further complication is the frequent voicing of Category II in a medial voiced environment. We have devoted much of our research effort to questions of laryngeal control in stop consonants. We have shown that various conditions of voicing and aspiration in word-initial stops in a wide variety of languages depend upon differences in voice onset time (VOT), the temporal relation between stop release and onset of glottal pulsing (Lisker and Abramson 1964). Some aspects of the conflicting descriptions of Korean plosives suggested that we test the efficacy of VOT in that language. Combining data from our 1964 study with some recent additions, we present VOT measurements for two native Korean speakers’ initial apical stops in Figure 1. The abscissa shows VOT in intervals of 10 msec. ; zero represents the moment of stop release. The ordinate shows the frequency distribution of VOT values for each of the three categories. Although Speaker B tends to have slightly higher values, the overall results are quite comparable for the two speakers and for the labial and dorsal stops not shown in the figure. Category III is well separated from the others, but I and II overlap somewhat. Similar data have been published by others (Han and Weitzman 1970, Kim 1965). Of course, where II assimilates to preceding voicing in medial position, VOT separates all three categories. The foregoing mixed results made us wonder to what extent VOT might provide sufficient perceptual cues for discriminating the three categories. Also, having shown