Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Audio-visual onset differences are used to determine syllable identity for ambiguous audio-visual stimulus pairs

Content and temporal cues have been shown to interact during audio-visual (AV) speech identification. Typically, the most reliable unimodal cue is used more strongly to identify specific speech features; however, visual cues are only used if the AV stimuli are presented within a certain temporal window of integration (TWI). This suggests that temporal cues denote whether unimodal stimuli belong together, that is, whether they should be integrated. It is not known whether temporal cues also provide information about the identity of a syllable. Since spoken syllables have naturally varying AV onset asynchronies, we hypothesize that for suboptimal AV cues presented within the TWI, information about the natural AV onset differences can aid in speech identification. To test this, we presented low-intensity auditory syllables concurrently with visual speech signals, and varied the stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) of the AV pair, while participants were instructed to identify the auditory syllables. We revealed that specific speech features (e.g., voicing) were identified by relying primarily on one modality (e.g., auditory). Additionally, we showed a wide window in which visual information influenced auditory perception, that seemed even wider for congruent stimulus pairs. Finally, we found a specific response pattern across the SOA range for syllables that were not reliably identified by the unimodal cues, which we explained as the result of the use of natural onset differences between AV speech signals. This indicates that temporal cues not only provide information about the temporal integration of AV stimuli, but additionally convey information about the identity of AV pairs. These results provide a detailed behavioral basis for further neuro-imaging and stimulation studies to unravel the neurofunctional mechanisms of the audio-visual-temporal interplay within speech perception.
Performance Assessment and Personality Evaluation When Starting a Career

For the young generation about to start a career it is vital to get a joint or independent assessment on performance and personality. Compared to previous generations the young people’s attitudes towards assessment and evaluatuion processes are completely different. Older generations have got the experience of the firm and unflexible assessment systems at education and workplaces. They were ready to accept these decisions, although not only the performance but also the performer was evaluated. The process of value judgement is the most contraversial and problematic human function, as the ability to distinguish between right and wrong is a basic criterium of human existence, and a clear warning in each period in the history of culture: do not judge. Is it possible to make an assessment without any evaluation? We must assume that young career entrants are aware of this dichotomy. They see the importance of distinguishing between good and bad performance but they find it possible only by excluding judgement on personality. Our aim is to examine career entrants’ attitude in the frame of a survey study. Keywords: perfomance evaluation, evaluation of personality, value judgement analysis, survey, career entrants
Vacuum condensates, effective gluon mass and color confinement in the large $N_c$ expansion

We propose a new reformulation of Yang-Mills theory in which three- and four-gluon self-interactions are eliminated at the price of introducing a sufficient number of auxiliary fields. We discuss the validity of this reformulation in the possible applications such as dynamical gluon mass generation, color confinement and glueball mass calculation. We emphasize the transverse-gluon pair condensation as the basic mechanism for dynamical mass generation. The confinement is realized as a consequence of a fact that the auxiliary fields become dynamical in the sense that they acquire the kinetic term due to quantum corrections.
INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS IN THE PIRIFORM CORTEX

1 The piriform cortex (PC) is the largest subdivision of the olfactory cortex and the first cortical destination of olfactory information. Despite the relatively simple anatomy of the PC and its obvious appeal as a model system for the study of cortical sensory processing, there are many outstanding questions about its basic cell physiology. In the present article, we review what is known about GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the PC. 2 The GABA‐containing neurons in the PC are morphologically diverse, ranging from small neurogliaform cells to large multipolar forms. Some of these classes are distributed across all three main layers of the PC, whereas others have a more restricted laminar expression. 3 Distinct and overlapping populations of GABAergic basket cells in Layers II and III of the PC express different combinations of calcium‐binding proteins and neuropeptides. Few Layer I interneurons express any of the molecular markers so far examined. 4 The intrinsic firing properties of one or two types of putative PC interneurons have been measured and inhibitory post‐synaptic responses have been recorded in PC pyramidal cells following extracellular stimulation. However, little is known about the physiology of the subtypes of interneurons identified. 5 In view of the likely importance of PC interneurons in olfactory learning, olfactory coding and epileptogenesis, further investigation of their properties is likely to be highly informative.
Malignant Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Bladder with Rapid Progression

A 71-year-old man was referred for painless hematuria and a bladder tumor. Cystoscopy and computed tomography revealed a 3-cm oval nodular mass on the left lateral side of the bladder. The patient underwent a complete transurethral resection of the lesion and histology showed a proliferation of atypical spindle cells with inflammation consistent with a myofibroblastic tumor. After 4 and 7 months, follow-up cystoscopy demonstrated nodular mass lesions and transurethral resection of bladder tumor was done, which showed chronic cystitis and a recurred myofibroblastic tumor, respectively. Five months later, multiple lymph node, bone, and soft tissue metastases were found by positron emission tomography. The patient was treated first with palliative chemotherapy, including doxorubicin and cisplatin. After that, radiologic studies showed disease progression but the patient refused further treatment and died 6 months later.
Identification of Responders to Rivastigmine: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Although the overall effects of cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) are limited, there could be a subpopulation of patients who experience unequivocal benefit. This study aimed to describe a clinical profile based on a combination of specific neuropsychological test scores and clinical symptoms associated with a favourable response to rivastigmine. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 53 patients who started rivastigmine treatment. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed at baseline and 6 months of treatment. Patients were labelled responders and non-responders based on change scores after 6 months in 3 clinical domains: cognition, activities of daily living and behaviour. Results: After 6 months 19 responders and 15 non-responders were identified. Variability in reaction time and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) scores differed significantly at baseline between groups. A previously defined cluster of 4 items of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was correlated with therapeutic response. Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients who respond well to CEI therapy can be identified by deficits in attention, combined with a cluster of behavioural symptoms, including hallucinations, apathy, anxiety and psychomotor disturbances. This may constitute the clinical profile of cholinergic deficiency. Further prospective studies in larger populations are warranted to investigate whether this profile can be used to select patients who will benefit from CEIs.
Increasing CRTC1 Function in the Dentate Gyrus during Memory Formation or Reactivation Increases Memory Strength without Compromising Memory Quality

Memory stabilization following encoding (synaptic consolidation) or memory reactivation (reconsolidation) requires gene expression and protein synthesis (Dudai and Eisenberg, 2004; Tronson and Taylor, 2007; Nader and Einarsson, 2010; Alberini, 2011). Although consolidation and reconsolidation may be mediated by distinct molecular mechanisms (Lee et al., 2004), disrupting the function of the transcription factor CREB impairs both processes (Kida et al., 2002; Mamiya et al., 2009). Phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 recruits CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivators to activate transcription (Chrivia et al., 1993; Parker et al., 1996). In addition to this well known mechanism, CREB regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs), previously called transducers of regulated CREB (TORC) activity, stimulate CREB-mediated transcription, even in the absence of CREB phosphorylation. Recently, CRTC1 has been shown to undergo activity-dependent trafficking from synapses and dendrites to the nucleus in excitatory hippocampal neurons (Ch'ng et al., 2012). Despite being a powerful and specific coactivator of CREB, the role of CRTC in memory is virtually unexplored. To examine the effects of increasing CRTC levels, we used viral vectors to locally and acutely increase CRTC1 in the dorsal hippocampus dentate gyrus region of mice before training or memory reactivation in context fear conditioning. Overexpressing CRTC1 enhanced both memory consolidation and reconsolidation; CRTC1-mediated memory facilitation was context specific (did not generalize to nontrained context) and long lasting (observed after virally expressed CRTC1 dissipated). CREB overexpression produced strikingly similar effects. Therefore, increasing CRTC1 or CREB function is sufficient to enhance the strength of new, as well as established reactivated, memories without compromising memory quality.
An Omics Perspective on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutics of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy arising from the epithelial bile duct. The lack of early diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic measures results in severe outcomes and poor prognosis. Thus, effective early diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers are required to improve the prognosis and prolong survival rates in CCA patients. Recent advancement in omics technologies combined with the integrative experimental and clinical validations has provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of CCA initiation and progression as well as clues towards novel biomarkers. This work highlights the discovery and validation of molecular markers in CCA identified through omics approaches. The possible roles of these molecules in various cellular pathways, which render CCA carcinogenesis and progression, will also be discussed. This paper can serve as a reference point for further investigations to yield deeper understanding in the complex feature of this disease, potentially leading to better approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
Adapting Web services in a heterogeneous environment

For Web services to fulfil their promise in truly heterogeneous environments, the different base operations being included in Web services will need to appear in multiple Web Services with different names as well as different authorization and authentication mechanisms, different service level agreements, and even different formats. We describe service views and rule groups which together provide an adaptation layer at which these changes can be described and enforced. Service views include the ability to offer different views on WS components by altering the WSDL contract. Rule groups provide information directing these changes, as well as other policies to be automatically enforced underneath the services.
Pengaruh Modul E-Jas Edutainment terhadap Karakter Peduli Lingkungan dan Tanggung Jawab

The purpose of this research was to: (1) find out the influence of E-JAS edutainment thematic module on environmental awareness character, and (2) find out the influence of E-JAS edutainment thematic module on the character of responsibility. The type of research used is quasi experiment, with the population of this research of fourth graders of SD Negeri in Kudus Regency. The research subjects were students of four grade in SD 2 Jati Kulon, District Jati, the Regency of Kudus in the academic year 2017/2018. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. The research design was one group pre-post test. The data collection techniques were non-test techniques through interviews and observation. Data analysis techniques which determine the effect of E-JAS edutainment module on environmental awareness character and responsibility used paired samples T-test. The result of this research was (1) there was an influence of E-JAS edutainment module towards environmental awareness character, and (2) there was an influence of E-JAS edutainment module towards the character of responsibility.
Behandlungen kognitiver Verzerrungen bei Psychose: Ein Überblick der aktuellen Befunde

Wahnideen sind definiert als feste Überzeugungen, die trotz gegenteiliger Evidenz beibehalten werden. Eine Vielzahl von Studien belegt, dass Verzerrungen in der Informationsverarbeitung (z.B. voreiliges Schlussfolgern) bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der (schizophrenen) Psychose beteiligt sind. Das Metakognitive Training (MKT) bei Psychose sowie die individualisierte Metakognitive Therapie (MKT+) sind niedrigschwellige Therapieangebote, die Betroffene für verzerrte Denkstile sensibilisieren und diese korrigieren sollen, um so die psychotische Symptomatik zu reduzieren. Die bisherige Studienlage spricht für die Wirksamkeit des MKT, wenngleich bei akuten Patienten die individualisierte Version, das MKT+, vorzuziehen ist. Neben dem MKT werden 2 Therapieprogramme mit ähnlicher Zielsetzung vorgestellt, das «Reasoning Training» und das «Social Cognition and Interaction Training», ebenso wie neue Techniken, die kognitive Verzerrungen mittels virtueller Realität (VR) reduzieren. VR-basierte Interventionen können dysfunktionale kognitive Verzerrungen realitätsnah erfahrbar machen und dadurch korrektive Prozesse erleichtern. Die vorgestellten niedrigschwelligen Therapieprogramme stellen eine leicht implementierbare Möglichkeit dar, um die Versorgungslücke von Menschen mit Psychosen zu verringern. Durch den normalisierenden Ansatz können auch Patienten mit geringer Krankheitseinsicht von den Interventionen profitieren.
A Comparative Study of Algorithms for Finding Web Communities

Recently, researches on extraction of densely connected subgraphs, which are called communities, from the graph representing link structure inWWW, are very popular. However, few methods guarantee that extracted subgraphs satisfy community conditions which are strictly defined. In this paper, we consider the problem of extracting subgraphs that strictly satisfy the community conditions proposed in [3]. It is known that finding all such communities is computationally hard. As methods that possibly find many communities efficiently, we experimentally compared two methods, a method with a Gomory-Hu tree construction and a method with calculating edge-betweenness. We also proposed evaluation criterion for ranking found communities.
Using high-level knowledge to enhance data channels in FPGA streaming systems

FPGAs are commonly used in high performance computing applications, often in the form of streaming systems which exploit parallelism of algorithms along pipelined kernels. While such applications have traditionally been designed at the Register Transfer Level (RTL), the increasing complexity in terms of FPGA resource usage, arithmetic logic and dataflow is causing the time taken for RTL programming to be prohibitive. This necessitates using high-level programming tools to transparently handle low-level aspects - thus simplifying the design process. Examples of high-level tools for building streaming systems include MaxCompiler by Maxeler Technologies and DSP Builder by Altera. We propose an interception layer which when inserted into communication channels, transparently enhances their performance and capabilities without needing to modify the streaming kernels or host code. We discuss specific channel enhancements: lossless compression to improve effective bandwidth; error correction and fault tolerance to improve reliability. The interception layer is intended to add complex behaviour while maintaining the simplicity of the high-level abstraction when transmitting data via a channel.
Mechanisms Mediating Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Investigations into Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor Function and Dysfunction

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy’s disease), a late-onset neuromuscular disorder, is caused by expansion of the polymorphic polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The AR is a ligand-activated transcription factor, but plays roles in other cellular pathways. In SBMA, selective motor neuron degeneration occurs in the brainstem and spinal cord, thus the causes of neuronal dysfunction have been studied. However, pathogenic pathways in muscles may also be involved. Cultured cells, fly and mouse models are used to study the molecular mechanisms leading to SBMA. Both the structure of the polyglutamine-expanded AR (polyQ AR) and its interactions with other proteins are altered relative to the normal AR. The ligand-dependent translocation of the polyQ AR to the nucleus appears to be critical, as are interdomain interactions. The polyQ AR, or fragments thereof, can form nuclear inclusions, but their pathogenic or protective nature is unclear. Other data suggests soluble polyQ AR oligomers can be harmful. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination influence AR function and modulate the deleterious effects of the polyQ AR. Transcriptional dysregulation is highly likely to be a factor in SBMA; deregulation of non-genomic AR signaling may also be involved. Studies on polyQ AR-protein degradation suggest inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system and changes to autophagic pathways may be relevant. Mitochondrial function and axonal transport may also be affected by the polyQ AR. Androgens, acting through the AR, can be neurotrophic and are important in muscle development; hence both loss of normal AR functions and gain of novel harmful functions by the polyQ AR can contribute to neurodegeneration and muscular atrophy. Thus investigations into polyQ AR function have shown that multiple complex mechanisms lead to the initiation and progression of SBMA.
Language Independent Abstract Metamodel for Quality Analysis and Improvement of OO Systems

Existing software systems need to change with time, to adapt to expanding business needs by evolving into stateof-the-art IT solutions. During the long life cycle of a software system, continuous changes often lead to the degradation of its structure. Due to its high complexity, the maintenance of such anomalous structures represents a great challenge nowadays. However this process can be greatly supported by several analysis and transformation techniques providing (semi-automatic) detection and correction of design flaws in existing systems. Our work within the QBench 1 project aims to make a step forward from classical quality analyses and propose appropriate corrective measures in the form of source-code transformations which, if applied, would lead to a better software system. Simply put, while traditional quality analysis techniques try to find problems in source code, the QBench vision is to try and find solutions for these problems. Both quality analyses and transformations can be expressed efficiently on models which have a higher level of abstraction than the source code of the legacy system itself. Such models contain only the relevant artifacts and not the entire syntactic details, and they could be constructed from the source code using fact extractors. This paper contains a brief introduction to the structure and the semantics of the QBench System-model [4] as it is defined by its metamodel. The metamodel features support for four OO languages (C++, Java, Delphi, C#) as well as mixtures of these languages (heterogeneous projects written in more than one language), The following sections present the main parts of this metamodel and discuss some of the design decisions taken.
Perci: Pervasive Service Interaction with the Internet of Things

The advancement of ubiquitous computing technologies has greatly improved the availability of digital resources in the real world. Here, the authors investigate mobile interaction with tagged, everyday objects and associated information that's based on the Internet of things and its technologies. Their framework for integrating Web services and mobile interaction with physical objects relies on information typing to increase interoperability. Two prototypes for mobile interaction with smart posters build upon this framework to realize multi-tag interaction with physical user interfaces. The authors' evaluation identifies usability issues regarding the design of physical mobile interactions, interfaces, and applications.
Flow Management in a Quality of Service Architectures

Quality of Service (QoS) in distributed systems supporting real-time and multimedia applications must be guaranteed system-wide, including end-systems, communications systems and networks. This paper concentrates primarily on the transport layer of such a system but also describes a generalised Quality of Service Architecture (QoS-A) used to specify and implement application defined QoS over all architectural layers. The central QoS-A concepts are flow, service contract and flow management. A flow is a unidirectional end-to-end data stream with a specific QoS requirement. Service contracts are binding agreements between users and providers at each architectural level involved in a flow. Flow management provides for the monitoring and maintenance of the contracted QoS levels of a flow over all layers. The paper first describes an enhanced transport service which permits extremely flexible QoS configuration for real-time and multimedia transport users. Subsequently, we show how flow management concepts and mechanisms can ensure that QoS levels contracted at the transport service interface are maintained by the lower layers - i.e. the supporting network and operating system infrastructures. Our work is placed in the wider context of a local ATM environment in which the QoS-A is currently being implemented.
Generalized conditional gradient: analysis of convergence and applications

The objectives of this technical report is to provide additional results on the generalized conditional gradient methods introduced by Bredies et al. [BLM05]. Indeed , when the objective function is smooth, we provide a novel certificate of optimality and we show that the algorithm has a linear convergence rate. Applications of this algorithm are also discussed.