Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Parameterizing Protocol Stacksfor Quality-of-Service

Recent trends in communication subsystem design reeect a continued thrust towards support for high-performance and high-function data transfer. One important type of value-added functionality is support for quality of service (QoS) guarantees within end host communication subsystems (and operating systems) and network elements such as routers. QoS guarantees on end-to-end communication are potentially useful for a large class of distributed multimedia and real-time applications. Building QoS-sensitive host communication subsystem software requires, in addition to signiicant architectural enhancements, an intimate knowledge of the overheads and costs associated with the host hardware and software platform. This dependency makes it extremely diicult to develop portable QoS-sensitive communication software that can be readily deployed across heterogeneous computing and network platforms while accommodating subsequent hardware or software platform upgrades. Suitable architectural mechanisms are needed to address these issues. We propose self-parameterizing protocol stacks as the basis for the design and development of QoS-sensitive communication subsystems. Self-parameterizing protocol stacks are designed with the ability to capture and represent communication subsystem performance as a rst-class abstraction within the communication subsystem. Such an abstraction of the underlying communication subsystem permits reasoning about communication resource allocation and usage costs when admitting new connections for service. Coupled with built-in support for prooling and parameterization, it facilitates rapid and eecient re-targeting of QoS-sensitive communication subsystem software to new host platforms. We develop an architecture for eecient self-parameterization and describe a prototype implementation of a guaranteed-QoS communication service on Pentium-based PCs running the OSF Mach MK operating system. We evaluate the implementation experimentally to compare and contrast self-parameterization with manual prooling/parameterization. Using quantitative as well as qualitative arguments, we conclude that self-parameterizing protocol stacks signiicantly enhance the portability of QoS-sensitive communication subsystems. Any opinions, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reeect the views of NSF or ONR.
Effect of HLA-B-associated Transcript 3 Polymorphisms on Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background The association between the HLA-B-associated transcript 3 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk is a subject of debate. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between these polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. Material/Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was performed. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Ten case-control studies with 37 945 and 56 807 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association between rs1052486 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility was observed (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, P=0.01). In addition, a significant association was found for rs3117582 polymorphism (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.22–1.37, P<0.01). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that HLA-B-associated transcript 3 polymorphisms are risk factors for lung cancer.
A novel ruthenium-tungsten bimetallic complex dye-sensitizer for photoelectrochemical cells application

A novel bimetallic double thiocyanate-bridged ruthenium and tungsten metal complex containing bipyridyl and dithiolene co-ligands was synthesized and the behavior of the complex as a dye-sensitizer for a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for a direct water splitting reaction was investigated. The ligands and metal complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis as well as UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of the bimetallic complex showed multiple redox couples, in which half potentials E1/2 at 0.625, 0.05 and 0.61V were assigned as the formal redox processes of Ru(III)/Ru(II) reduction, W(IV)/W(V) and W(V)/W(VI) oxidations, respectively. Photocurrent measurements were performed in homogeneous system and TiO2 was used as the photoanode for photocurrent measurements. Current density generated by the bimetallic complex was higher than that of N3 commercial dye which suggested that the bimetallic complex donated more electrons to the semiconductor.
Design and control of robotic exoskeleton with balance stabilizer mechanism

Robotic exoskeletons have drawn much attention recently due to their potential ability to help the stroke and spinal cord injury patients to regain the ability of walking. However, the biggest challenge is the balancing of the exoskeleton and how it can balance is still an open question. Most of the time, patients using such exoskeleton devices require sufficient upper body strength to control upright posture and also manipulate crutches/walking frames to partially support body weight and keep balance. However, high energy cost and the high potential of falling using these devices remains a problem. In this paper, the issues are tackled by virtue of a proposed balance stabilizer mechanism which is able to provide active balance assistance for robotic exoskeletons. The design of a robotic exoskeleton together with balance stabilizer mechanism will be presented and discussed. In addition, a trajectory generation method, which can generate dynamically stable and tunable gait pattern, will also be shown. Finally, clinical trial results with a tetraplegia subject is presented and discussed.
Technical Note : SciDAC-SPA-TN-2003-01 On Providing Declarative Design and Programming Constructs for Scientific Workflows based on Process Networks

In this technical note we first describe in some detail the structure of the PromoterIdentification-Workflow (PIW) demonstrated at SSDBM [ABB+03]. We then point out some serious shortcomings of the current prototype. At the root of these problems lies a lack of capabilities for programming with collections (such as lists). We then propose a simple solution to this problem, based on a functional programming approach. The use of, e.g., Haskell as an underlying formal model has a number of advantages including clear semantics, compatibility with process networks, and powerful support for typing of workflows. We now have a host of workflow design and programming constructs we would like to add to Ptolemy-II to make it a true SPA tool. Note that this is early work in progress (despite the typesetting in LATEX ;-) ∗Author’s email: ludaesch@sdsc.edu †Contributing author
Transmission and Reception Concepts for WLAN IEEE 802.11b

State-of-the-art wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11b terminals employ complementary code keying (CCK) as modulation format. In this paper, receiver concepts tailored for CCK transmission over frequency-selective fading channels are presented in a unified and systematic framework. First, optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) detection for CCK signaling is considered. Second, for complexity reduction, minimum mean-squared error block decision-feedback equalization (MMSE-DFE) is investigated and reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) is considered on the basis of an Ungerbock-like set partitioning of the multidimensional CCK code wordset. In order to improve the reliability of CCK transmission over fading channels, time-reversal space-time block codes (TR-STBCs) combined with receive diversity are applied. Simulation results of the considered suboptimum receivers are compared with a performance approximation for optimum detection. Our results demonstrate the excellent performance of the advocated equalization schemes and the significant gains that can be achieved with TR-STBCs and receive diversity in typical WLAN environments
Spatial expression of germ cell markers during maturation of human fetal male gonads: an immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine fetal male germ cells for expression of proteins associated with differentiation and maturation and to compare them with morphologically defined subpopulations. METHODS Testes of 61 fetuses from week 12 of gestation to the newborn period were selected. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to proteins associated with differentiation of germ cells (c-KIT, AP-2gamma) or pluripotency (OCT3/4), oncofetal protein M2A and spermatogonial marker MAGE-A4. RESULTS Two subtypes of fetal germ cells were detected by quantification and immunohistochemistry. Nearly all germ cells with morphological criteria of gonocytes and intermediate cells co-expressed OCT3/4, c-KIT, M2A and AP-2gamma. Starting from week 12, their number increased up to week 18/19 and then declined continuously during further development. After week 25, pre-spermatogonia were predominant and expressed MAGE-A4 selectively. CONCLUSIONS Fetal male germ cells are comprised of two major groups with distinct immunohistochemical phenotypes. Germ cells that are predominantly found before week 25 of gestation co-express oncofetal proteins OCT3/4, c-KIT, M2A and AP-2gamma. After week 25, most germ cells have lost their pluripotent potential and acquire a spermatogonial phenotype defined by expression of MAGE-A4.
Providing rapid feedback in generated modular language environments: adding error recovery to scannerless generalized-LR parsing

Integrated development environments (IDEs) increase programmer productivity, providing rapid, interactive feedback based on the syntax and semantics of a language. A heavy burden lies on developers of new languages to provide adequate IDE support. Code generation techniques provide a viable, efficient approach to semi-automatically produce IDE plugins. Key components for the realization of plugins are the language's grammar and parser. For embedded languages and language extensions, constituent IDE plugin modules and their grammars can be combined. Unlike conventional parsing algorithms, scannerless generalized-LR parsing supports the full set of context-free grammars, which is closed under composition, and hence can parse language embeddings and extensions composed from separate grammar modules. To apply this algorithm in an interactive environment, this paper introduces a novel error recovery mechanism, which allows it to be used with files with syntax errors -- common in interactive editing. Error recovery is vital for providing rapid feedback in case of syntax errors, as most IDE services depend on the parser from syntax highlighting to semantic analysis and cross-referencing. We base our approach on the principles of island grammars, and derive permissive grammars with error recovery productions from normal SDF grammars. To cope with the added complexity of these grammars, we adapt the parser to support backtracking. We evaluate the recovery quality and performance of our approach using a set of composed languages, based on Java and Stratego.
Cancer Kinase B / Akt Activation and Suppresses Akt-Activated Inhibits Protein σ Induced Protein 14-3-3 − DNA Damage

14-3-3 S is induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 in response to DNA damage. p53 can directly transactivate the expression of 14-3-3 S to cause a G2 cell cycle arrest when cell DNA is damaged. The expression of 14-3-3 S protein is downregulated in various tumors, but its function has not been fully established. Protein kinase B/Akt, a crucial regulator of oncogenic signal involved in cell survival and proliferation, is deregulated in many types of cancer. Akt activation can enhance p53 degradation, but its role in DNA damage response is not clear. Here, we show that Akt activation is diminished when p53 and 14-3-3 S is up-regulated in response to DNA damage. Evidence is provided that 14-3-3 S binds and inhibits Akt. In keeping with this concept, Akt-mediated cell survival is inhibited by 14-3-3 S. Significantly, we show that 14-3-3 S inhibits Akt-mediated cell growth, transformation, and tumorigenesis. Low expression of 14-3-3 S in human primary breast cancers correlates with Akt activation. These data provide an insight into Akt regulation and rational cancer gene therapy by identifying 14-3-3 S as a molecular regulator of Akt and as a potential anticancer agent for Akt-activated cancers. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3096-105)
Noisy Index Coding with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

This paper discusses noisy index coding problem over Gaussian broadcast channel. We propose a technique for mapping the index coded bits to M-QAM symbols such that the receivers whose side information satisfies certain conditions get coding gain, which we call the QAM side information coding gain. We compare this with the PSK side information coding gain, which was discussed in "Index Coded PSK Modulation," arXiv:1356200, [cs.IT] 19 September 2015.
Optimal synthesis of a planar four-bar mechanism with prescribed timing using generalized reduced gradient, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms

Optimal synthesis of a planar four-bar mechanism with prescribed timing using generalized reduced gradient, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms " (1996). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. Paper 11128. Hiis manosd^ has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI filTHQ the text directfy from the origmal or cc^ submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in ^pewiiter face, while others may be from aoy of conqmter printer. Hie qnali^ of dlis leprodnction is dqiendoit npon the qnali^ of the copy snlmitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quali^ iOustrations and photographs, print bleedthrou^ substandard Tnargins. and improper aligmnent can adverse^ affect r^>roduction. In the unlikety event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscx^ and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyri^ material had to be removed, a note win mdicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., ms^ drawings, diarts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to r^bt in equal sections with small overi£^ Each original is also photographed in one e3q)osure and is included in reduced form at the bade of the book. FhotQgrs^hs induded in the original manuscz^ have been reproduced xerographicalfy in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photQgr^hic prints are available for ai^ photc^raphs or illustratioDS ^jpearing in this copy for an additional diaige. Contact UMI direct^ to order. 11 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my best friend, Virginia Blackburn, for her support love.
Microscopic behaviors of TCP loss recovery using lost retransmission detection

As today's networks evolve towards an IP-based integrated network, the role of transmission control protocol (TCP) has been increasing as well. As a well-known issue, the performance of TCP is affected by its loss recovery mechanism that is comprised of two algorithms; fast retransmit and fast recovery. Although retransmission timeout (RTO) caused by multiple packet losses can be avoided by the modified fast recovery algorithm of TCP NewReno or selective acknowledgement (SACK) option, RTO cannot be avoided if a retransmitted packet is lost. To cope with the problem, lost retransmission detection (LRD) has been proposed for each TCP in B. Kim and J. Lee (2004). In this paper, we evaluate the LRD algorithm by tracing TCP sender's behaviors for several scenarios where a retransmitted packet is lost. In addition, we consider the 'conservation of packets' rule to advocate that LRD does not violate fairness with TCP connections that do not support the LRD algorithm.
Physical Machine Resource Management in Clouds: A Mechanism Design Approach

We address the problem of physical machine resource management in clouds considering multiple types of physical machines and resources. We formulate this problem in an auction-based setting and design optimal and approximate strategy-proof mechanisms that solve it. Our proposed mechanisms consist of a winner determination algorithm that selects the users, provisions the virtual machines (VMs) to physical machines (PMs), and allocates them to the selected users; and a payment function that determines the amount that each selected user needs to pay to the cloud provider. We prove that our proposed approximate winner determination algorithm satisfies the loser-independent property, making the approximate mechanism robust against strategic users who try to manipulate the system by changing other users' allocations. We show that our proposed mechanisms are strategy-proof, that is, the users do not have incentives to lie about their requested bundles of VM instances and their valuations. In addition, our proposed mechanisms are in alignment with green cloud computing strategies in which physical machines can be powered on or off to save energy. Our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed approximation mechanism has an approximation ratio of 3. We perform extensive experiments in order to investigate the performance of our proposed approximation mechanism compared to that of the optimal mechanism.
Using the Mach Communication Primitives in X11

We have modified the X11 windowing system to use the native communication facilities of the ach 3.0 microkernel. Our new implementation can rely on ach's low-overhead IPC facility as a direct replacement for sockets, or it can use shared memory as a transport between X11 clients and the server. On conventional BSD Unix systems. X11 communication is done through sockets. Because a user-level process implements Unix functionality on top of ach 3.0, a socket-based version of X11 performs substantially worse than when running on a monolithic Unix kernel. Using ach IPC as the transport between X11 clients and the server. X11 performance is slightly better than that of a monolithic system in which sockets are implemented inside the kernel as opposed to within a user level process. Using ach's shared memory facilities as the transport, we have measured performance improvements of over 40%.
Automatic testcase synthesis and performance model validation for high performance PowerPC processors

The latest high-performance IBM PowerPC microprocessor, the POWERS chip, poses challenges for performance model validation. The current state-of-the-art is to use simple hand-coded bandwidth and latency testcases, but these are not comprehensive for processors as complex as the POWER5 chip. Applications and benchmark suites such as SPEC CPU are difficult to set up or take too long to execute on functional models or even on detailed performance models. We present an automatic testcase synthesis methodology to address these concerns. By basing testcase synthesis on the workload characteristics of an application, source code is created that largely represents the performance of the application, but which executes in a fraction of the runtime. We synthesize representative PowerPC versions of the SPEC2000, STREAM, TPC-C and Java benchmarks, compile and execute them, and obtain an average IPC within 2.4% of the average IPC of the original benchmarks and with many similar average workload characteristics. The synthetic testcases often execute two orders of magnitude faster than the original applications, typically in less than 300K instructions, making performance model validation for today's complex processors feasible.
Antitumor effects of an antiangiogenic polysaccharide from an Arthrobacter species with or without a steroid.

A sulfated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex, DS-4152, isolated from the culture supernatant of an Arthrobacter species inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth and enhanced the antiangiogenic activity of 11 steroid hormones by 2 to 100 times. In the presence of cortisone acetate or tetrahydro S, DS-4152 suppressed chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis and murine tumor M5076 cell-induced s.c. angiogenesis. The antitumor effects of DS-4152 administered in combination with a steroid whose dose level did not affect tumor growth were examined. DS-4152 significantly inhibited the growth of s.c. -implanted B16 melanoma in combination with cortisone acetate. DS-4152 plus tetrahydro S inhibited the growth of s.c. solid tumors and prolonged the survival time of mice bearing highly metastasizing M5076. The body weight increase was not affected by any administration. On the other hand, the survival of mice with ascitic M5076 tumors was not affected by the combination of DS-4152 plus tetrahydro S. The antiangiogenic activity of DS-4152 was more potent than that of heparin. Furthermore, DS-4152 is an angiogenesis inhibitor by itself, without steroid hormones. Successive s.c. treatment with heparin caused hemorrhagic death, but with DS-4152, suppressed tumor growth without reducing body weight.
Kids as data: using tangible interaction in a science exhibit

This paper describes the design and implementation of a science exhibit aimed at giving children an understanding of the different factors that can affect the speed of a computer. The exhibit uses tangible interaction engaging visitors in a way that would not be possible using standard interaction techniques such as a keyboard and mouse. An informal evaluation of the initial prototype has indicated that the exhibit is successful at informing the users of the concepts being presented.
Security versus performance bugs: a case study on Firefox

A good understanding of the impact of different types of bugs on various project aspects is essential to improve software quality research and practice. For instance, we would expect that security bugs are fixed faster than other types of bugs due to their critical nature. However, prior research has often treated all bugs as similar when studying various aspects of software quality (e.g., predicting the time to fix a bug), or has focused on one particular type of bug (e.g., security bugs) with little comparison to other types. In this paper, we study how different types of bugs (performance and security bugs) differ from each other and from the rest of the bugs in a software project. Through a case study on the Firefox project, we find that security bugs are fixed and triaged much faster, but are reopened and tossed more frequently. Furthermore, we also find that security bugs involve more developers and impact more files in a project. Our work is the first work to ever empirically study performance bugs and compare it to frequently-studied security bugs. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the different types of bugs in software quality research and practice.
Centering : focus of Attention and Local Discourse Coherence

This paper reports the results of a self-paced reading experiment designed to test the claims of Centering theory (Grosz, Joshi and Weinstein 1983; 1995) in short passages. Centering predicts that discourse segments which focus on the same entity (discourse Center) are more coherent than segments in which the focus of attention is constantly shifted. Furthermore, according to the theory, the semantic entity which realizes the focus in each utterance is expected to be pronominalized if any other entity is realized as a pronoun. This rule constrains the realization of the most central entity in an utterance but leaves the issue of the manner of realization of other entities entirely unspecified. Center movement, Center realization, and the manner of their interaction were tested using texts involving two animate entities of different gender. The results obtained were not compatible with the theory, since focus shifting caused extra processing load only when the shift was pragmatically unacceptable. Moreover, the manner of realization of non-focused entities seemed to interact with Center movement to increase/decrease processing difficulty. This result suggests that constraints on the form of anaphoric expressions realizing entities other than the discourse Center need to be specified.