Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What do software design students understand about information hiding?: a qualitative case study

The Information Hiding Principle is a modularization technique aimed at increasing the productivity of software development and maintenance. The Hiding Information concept introduced by Parnas is recognized as one of the key software design principles. However, as the author said, implementing the Principle is harder than it looks. This paper aims to discover what students understand and how they implement, on their designs, the Information Hiding Principle. The research was conducted through a qualitative case study with thirteen Master's students in the domain of Software Design. Among the different concepts associated with understanding the Principle we could identify that some students adhere to the idea of dividing in order to hide, while others only care about hiding. Both of them without a successful implementation of the Principle. Few students have some idea about the Principle, however they do not get it all when implementing it. Furthermore, we can conclude that Parnas' statement remains until today.
Star Formation and X-Ray Emission in Distant Star-Forming Galaxies

About 45% of the point sources detected in the 2 Ms Chandra exposure of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) can be matched with moderately bright galaxies with z < 1.4 that have been studied by the Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey. Although the optical spectra of these galaxies appear normal, based on their X-ray properties ~20% of them appear to contain weak active galactic nuclei (AGNs). More than 90% of the X-ray photons detected by Chandra from galaxies within the redshift regime 0.4 < z < 1.1 are powered by accretion onto massive black holes. For the sample of galaxies in common, we use their emitted luminosity in the 3727 Å line of [O II] to estimate their star formation rates (SFRs). The X-ray-emitting galaxies are not those with the highest rest-frame equivalent width in this emission line, but rather are among those with the highest SFRs. With SFRs corrected for inclination effects, the distant galaxies show an LX-SFR relationship that is comparable to that of local galaxies. The HDF sample has a significantly higher median SFR and median SFR/galaxy stellar mass than does a sample of local star-forming galaxies. We demonstrate that the observed SFR for most of the galaxies at z ~ 1 in the HDF sample, if maintained as constant over their ages, suffices to produce the stellar mass observed in these galaxies. A rise in SFR at still earlier times is not required. We provide further evidence to support the conclusion that, once AGNs are eliminated, X-ray emission in these distant star-forming galaxies is related to the SFR through the same physical mechanisms that prevail locally.
Heuristic RNA pseudoknot prediction including intramolecular kissing hairpins.

Pseudoknots are an essential feature of RNA tertiary structures. Simple H-type pseudoknots have been studied extensively in terms of biological functions, computational prediction, and energy models. Intramolecular kissing hairpins are a more complex and biologically important type of pseudoknot in which two hairpin loops form base pairs. They are hard to predict using free energy minimization due to high computational requirements. Heuristic methods that allow arbitrary pseudoknots strongly depend on the quality of energy parameters, which are not yet available for complex pseudoknots. We present an extension of the heuristic pseudoknot prediction algorithm DotKnot, which covers H-type pseudoknots and intramolecular kissing hairpins. Our framework allows for easy integration of advanced H-type pseudoknot energy models. For a test set of RNA sequences containing kissing hairpins and other types of pseudoknot structures, DotKnot outperforms competing methods from the literature. DotKnot is available as a web server under http://dotknot.csse. uwa.edu. au.
Ena/VASP regulates mDia2-initiated filopodial length, dynamics, and function

Filopodia are actin-based cell extensions that contribute to cell adhesion and spreading. The cytoskeleton regulators mDia2 and VASP have distinct roles in filopodia assembly and function, and VASP controls the length, dynamics, stability, and integrin-dependent adhesion of filopodia formed by mDia2.
A new Monte Carlo code for star cluster simulations - II. Central black hole and stellar collisions

We have recently written a new code to simulate the long term evolution of spherical clusters of stars. It is based on the pioneering Monte Carlo scheme proposed by Henon in the 70's. Unlike other implementations of this numerical method which were successfully used to investigate the dynamics of globular clusters, our code has been devised in the specific goal to treat dense galactic nuclei. In a previous paper, we described the basic version of our code which includes 2-body relaxation as the only physical process. In the present work, we go on and include further physical ingredients that are mostly relevant to galactic nuclei, namely the presence of a central (growing) black hole (BH) and collisions between (main sequence) stars. Stars that venture too close to the BH are destroyed by the tidal field. We took particular care of this process because of its importance, both as a channel to feed the BH and a way to produce accretion flares from otherwise quiescent galactic nuclei. Collisions between stars have often been proposed as another mechanism to drive stellar matter into the central BH. Furthermore, non disruptive collisions may create peculiar stellar populations which are of great observational interest in the case of the central cluster of our Galaxy. To get the best handle on the role of this process in galactic nuclei, we include it with unpreceded realism through the use of a set of more than 10000 collision simulations carried out with a SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) code. Stellar evolution has also been introduced in a simple way, similar to what has been done in previous dynamical simulations of galactic nuclei. To ensure that this physics is correctly simulated, we realized a variety of tests whose results are reported here. This unique code, featuring most important physical processes, allows million particle simulations, spanning a Hubble time, in a few CPU days on standard personal computers and provides a wealth of data only rivalized by N-body simulations.
Glycine-insensitive NMDA-sensitive receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes by guinea pig cerebellar mRNA

The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of total poly(A)+RNAs (mRNAs) from the cerebellum and cerebrum of guinea pigs were compared. The inward current induced by NMDA under voltage-clamp in cerebellar mRNA-injected oocytes was depressed in a voltage-dependent fashion by Mg2+ to show a negative slope conductance and selectively antagonized by D-2-amino-5- phosphonovalerate (D-APV) and phencyclidine (PCP). Glycine (0.01–10 microM) did not potentiate NMDA-induced currents in cerebellar mRNA- injected oocytes, while it potentiated NMDA-induced currents in cerebral mRNA-injected oocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. 6-Cyano-7- nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and 7-chlorokynure-nate suppressed the NMDA response but significantly less potently in cerebellar mRNA-injected oocytes than in cerebral mRNA-injected oocytes. These results suggest that the NMDA-sensitive receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes by guinea pig cerebellar mRNA resembles the cerebral NMDA receptor in its high sensitivities to Mg2+, PCP, and D-APV, but it is distinct from the cerebral NMDA receptor in responsiveness to glycine.
Information Encoding and Reconstruction from the Phase of Action Potentials

Fundamental questions in neural coding are how neurons encode, transfer, and reconstruct information from the pattern of action potentials (APs) exchanged between different brain structures. We propose a general model of neural coding where neurons encode information by the phase of their APs relative to their subthreshold membrane oscillations. We demonstrate by means of simulations that AP phase retains the spatial and temporal content of the input under the assumption that the membrane potential oscillations are coherent across neurons and between structures and have a constant spatial phase gradient. The model explains many unresolved physiological observations and makes a number of concrete, testable predictions about the relationship between APs, local field potentials, and subthreshold membrane oscillations, and provides an estimate of the spatio-temporal precision of neuronal information processing.
Network Characteristics of Air Traffic in the Continental United States

Abstract Air traffic is undergoing big changes both in developed and developing countries. The demand for air traffic in the United States is expected to grow to 2 or 3 times the current levels of traffic in the next few decades. This paper models demand for air traffic as a network with several thousand nodes. Recently, methods have been developed to study the network characteristics of large complex systems in many natural and engineering fields. Several networks exhibit the “scale-free” property that as the network grows in size, a small number of components have a disproportionate influence on the successful operation of the network. This paper describes the network properties of the current air traffic system and uses future scenarios of air traffic growth to understand the performance of future air traffic networks. The air traffic network exhibits an exponentially truncated scale-free behavior. It is shown that a three-times growth in the overall traffic may result in a ten-times impact on the density of traffic in certain parts of the United States. Thus, in addition to bottlenecks at major airports, the risk of en route traffic saturation calls for route restructuring and the introduction of new operational concepts, such as automation to increase en route capacity.
A dual-compensated charge pump with reduced current mismatch

The charge pump in a phase-locked loop is a key element in determining reference spurs of the VCO output signal. To reduce reference spurs, the current mismatch in the charge pump must be minimized. This paper presents a dual compensation method to reduce the current mismatch. Current matching characteristics can be achieved with less than 0.15% difference in the pump current over the charge pump output voltage range of 0.25-1.45V at 1.8V. The proposed charge pump was realized in a 0. 18µm CMOS process. The measured reference spur is lower than -71dBc.
Association rule analysis in cardiovascular disease

Data mining in healthcare is a rising field due to the vast amount of patient specific data which is freely available for analysis. While the majority of this data has been analyzed using various data mining techniques like classification, but association rule mining in this field is still largely unexplored. Association Rule Mining is a simple yet powerful tool that brings to light hidden relationships among data attributes in addition to statistically validating those which are already known. These relationships can help in understanding diseases and their causes in a better way, which in turn will help to prevent them. This report presents exploration of this field and the conclusions drawn from analyzing heart disease dataset from UCI repository. In this paper association rule mining is applied to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are diseases related to heart and circulatory system. Heart disease is explored in this paper.
BitPath -- Label Order Constrained Reachability Queries over Large Graphs

In this paper we focus on the following constrained reachability problem over edge-labeled graphs like RDF -- "given source node x, destination node y, and a sequence of edge labels (a, b, c, d), is there a path between the two nodes such that the edge labels on the path satisfy a regular expression "*a. *b. *c. *d. *". A "*" before "a" allows any other edge label to appear on the path before edge "a". "a. *" forces at least one edge with label "a". ". *" after "a" allows zero or more edge labels after "a" and before "b". Our query processing algorithm uses simple divide-and-conquer and greedy pruning procedures to limit the search space. However, our graph indexing technique -- based on "compressed bit-vectors" -- allows indexing large graphs which otherwise would have been infeasible. We have evaluated our approach on graphs with more than 22 million edges and 6 million nodes -- much larger compared to the datasets used in the contemporary work on path queries.
Comparative Review of Fuzzy Rules Generation

Fuzzy rules are usually generated by experts in the area, especially for control problems with only a few inputs. With an increasing number of variables, the number of rules is increasing exponentially, which makes more difficult for experts to define the rule set for good system performance. In solving this, researchers have looked into hybrid the fuzzy based to enhance or reduce complexity. We reviewed two Fuzzy Rules Generations, which is constructed based on Fuzzy Neural Network and Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization, respectively. The main section which are used for generation are rule base and membership function. This paper describes each method how to tune the membership function and fuzzy rules as the main phase, step by step.
Development of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) toolbox for signal processing applications

Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) plays a significant role in several image and signal processing applications. Most of the researchers are using different wavelet toolboxes for their application and research investigation. In this work, we presented a development of DWT toolbox using Visual Basic 6.5. This starting version of this software package is developed to offer more user friendliness and allow the user to choose different types of wavelet functions from three different wavelet families (Daubechies, Symlet, and Coiflet), and number of decomposition level. This software is also have an ability to plot the frequency spectrum of user specific decomposition level using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and to provide a option for saving the DWT output in either . txt or . xls format for any further investigation. This graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for handling any type of input signal either in offline or online and gives more accurate results over conventional tool boxes.
Orientation studies in polyacrylonitrile films uniaxially drawn in the solid state

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films were made by casting a dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) solution. After drying, the films were uniaxially drawn by an essentially solid-state drawing procedure. Using polarised-infrared (IR) spectroscopy, the dichroism of the nitrile-stretching vibration was monitored as a function of draw ratio. The dichroism results were converted to plots of chain-orientation factor versus draw ratio. For this, α, the transition-moment angle of the vibration, has to be known. Though a value of 68–73° has been suggested in the literature, for the present samples α cannot be 70° or less, and 73° is the most appropriate. The meaning and nature of the transition-moment angle in the context of a flexible-chain polymer molecule is discussed. The IR spectrum also showed dichroism in the SO stretch and the CH3 rocking vibrations from the (residual) DMSO present in the film, indicating that the solvent molecules were also orientated. It is proposed that this occurred due to dipolar interactions between the SO and the CN groups, which led to solvent molecules being bound to the polymer chains. X-ray diffraction studies indicated ‘lateral-ordering’ consisting of hexagonally packed, rod-like chains with no c-axis order. The diffraction patterns obtained here were the ‘standard’ ones for PAN, in contrast to those observed previously in solvent-containing PAN gels.
Title Generation with Quasi-Synchronous Grammar

The task of selecting information and rendering it appropriately appears in multiple contexts in summarization. In this paper we present a model that simultaneously optimizes selection and rendering preferences. The model operates over a phrase-based representation of the source document which we obtain by merging PCFG parse trees and dependency graphs. Selection preferences for individual phrases are learned discriminatively, while a quasi-synchronous grammar (Smith and Eisner, 2006) captures rendering preferences such as paraphrases and compressions. Based on an integer linear programming formulation, the model learns to generate summaries that satisfy both types of preferences, while ensuring that length, topic coverage and grammar constraints are met. Experiments on headline and image caption generation show that our method obtains state-of-the-art performance using essentially the same model for both tasks without any major modifications.
Towards Detecting Compromised Accounts on Social Networks

Compromising social network accounts has become a profitable course of action for cybercriminals. By hijacking control of a popular media or business account, attackers can distribute their malicious messages or disseminate fake information to a large user base. The impacts of these incidents range from a tarnished reputation to multi-billion dollar monetary losses on financial markets. In our previous work, we demonstrated how we can detect large-scale compromises (i.e., so-called campaigns) of regular online social network users. In this work, we show how we can use similar techniques to identify compromises of individual high-profile accounts. High-profile accounts frequently have one characteristic that makes this detection reliable—they show consistent behavior over time. We show that our system, were it deployed, would have been able to detect and prevent three real-world attacks against popular companies and news agencies. Furthermore, our system, in contrast to popular media, would not have fallen for a staged compromise instigated by a US restaurant chain for publicity reasons.
Mental rotation of letters, pictures, and three-dimensional objects in German dyslexic children

This study examines mental rotation ability in children with developmental dyslexia. Prior investigations have yielded equivocal results that might be due to differences in stimulus material and testing formats employed. Whereas some investigators found dyslexic readers to be impaired in mental rotation, others did not report any performance differences or even superior spatial performance for dyslexia. Here, we report a comparison of mental rotation for letters, three-dimensional figures sensu Shepard and Metzler, and colored pictures of animals or humans in second-grade German dyslexic readers. Findings indicate that dyslexic readers are impaired in mental rotation for all three kinds of stimuli. Effects of general intelligence were controlled. Furthermore, dyslexic children were deficient in other spatial abilities like identifying letters or forms among distracters. These results are discussed with respect to the hypotheses of a developmental dysfunction of the parietal cortex or a subtle anomaly in cerebellar function in dyslexic readers.
Different virtual stator winding configurations of open-end winding five-phase PM machines for wide speed range without flux weakening operation

This paper presents a specific control strategy of double-ended inverter system for wide-speed range of open-end winding five phase PM machines. Different virtual winding configurations (star, pentagon, pentacle and bipolar) can be obtained by choosing the appropriated switching sequences of two inverters. The motor's speed range is thus increased.
Rankfeed -recommendation as Searching without Queries: New Hybrid Method of Recommendation

The paper describes RankFeed a new adaptive method of recommendation that benefits from similarities between searching and recommendation. Concepts such as: the initial ranking, the positive and negative feedback widely used in searching are applied to recommendation in order to enhance its coverage, maintaining high accuracy. There are four principal factors that determine the method's behaviour: the quality document ranking, navigation patterns, textual similarity and the list of recommended pages that have been ignored during the navigation. In the evaluation part, the local site's behaviour of the RankFeed ranking is contrasted with PageRank. Additionally, recommendation behaviour of RankFeed versus other classical approaches is evaluated.
Fabrication of controllable free-standing ultrathin porous alumina membranes

We present detailed information on the fabrication of free-standing ultrathin porous alumina membranes (PAMs) with controllable thickness of 100–1000 nm. The mechanism of the ultrathin PAM formation has been revealed by a combination study of current–time characteristics and microstructure images. At the beginning of the anodization, V-shape nanopores can be observed due to the alumina formation in both the sidewalls and the barrier layers. As a result of the applied electric field effect, part of the alumina in the sidewalls is dissolved, the nanopores gradually become regularly U-shape and finally grow steadily. Ultrathin PAMs with controllable thickness and morphology have been realized by changing the anodization time and the current density. Furthermore, an improved method has been demonstrated to obtain free-standing ultrathin PAMs by removing unoxided aluminium through a nontoxic mixture solution of saturated CuSO4 and HCl.
Design guidelines for coordination components

The distributed nature of a typical web application combined with the rapid evolution of underlying platforms demands for a plug-in component architecture. Nevertheless, code for controlling distributed activities is usually spread over multiple subsystems, which makes it hard to dynamically reconfigure coordination services. This paper investigates coordination components as a way to encapsulate the coordination of a distributed system into a separate, pluggable entity. In an object-oriented context we introduce two design guidelines (namely, “ turn contracts into objects ” and “turn configuration into a factory object ”) that help developers to separate coordination from computation and to develop reusable and flexible solutions for coordination in distributed systems.
Convolutional hypercube pyramid for accurate RGB-D object category and instance recognition

Deep learning based methods have achieved unprecedented success in solving several computer vision problems involving RGB images. However, this level of success is yet to be seen on RGB-D images owing to two major challenges in this domain: training data deficiency and multi-modality input dissimilarity. We present an RGB-D object recognition framework that addresses these two key challenges by effectively embedding depth and point cloud data into the RGB domain. We employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) pre-trained on RGB data as a feature extractor for both color and depth channels and propose a rich coarse-to-fine feature representation scheme, coined Hypercube Pyramid, that is able to capture discriminatory information at different levels of detail. Finally, we present a novel fusion scheme to combine the Hypercube Pyramid features with the activations of fully connected neurons to construct a compact representation prior to classification. By employing Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) as non-linear classifiers, we show that the proposed method outperforms ten state-of-the-art algorithms for several tasks in terms of recognition accuracy on the benchmark Washington RGB-D and 2D3D object datasets by a large margin (upto 50% reduction in error rate).