Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of race/ethnicity on efficacy and safety of two starter insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes: a posthoc analysis of the DURABLE trial.

OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of race/ethnicity on efficacy and safety of twice-daily insulin lispro mix 75/25 (LM75/25; 75% lispro protamine suspension, 25% insulin lispro) and once daily insulin glargine (GL). DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS More than 2,000 Patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the 24-week initiation phase of the DURABLE Trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Efficacy and safety variables at endpoint, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG), and hypoglycemia, in each racial/ethnic group were compared to Caucasians within treatment groups. RESULTS Asian patients had less (LM75/25: -1.46%, P < .01; GL: -1.25%, P < .01) and Hispanic patients had greater (LM75/25: -2.17%) HbA1c reduction from baseline vs Caucasian patients (LM75/25: -1.84%; GL: -1.78%). Fewer Asian (LM75/25: 20%, P < .001; GL: 22%, P < .001) and Hispanic patients (LM75/25: 40%, P < .01) reached HbA1c target (< 7%) vs Caucasian patients (LM75/25: 53%; GL: 44%). Fasting plasma glucose was similar among groups, postprandial glucose (PPG) with GL was lower for African patients post-breakfast and post-dinner and higher for Asian patients post-lunch. Only PPG with LM75/25 was lower for Hispanic patients post-breakfast. Weight gain was lower in Asian patients (LM75/ 25). Insulin dose was higher for Asian (LM75/25 and GL) and lower for African patients (GL). Hypoglycemia rate was lower for Asian (LM75/25 and GL) and Hispanic patients (LM75/25). CONCLUSIONS There were significant efficacy and safety differences among racial/ethnic groups in the DURABLE trial. These differences may be important in designing insulin based treatment plans.
Improving spatial reuse through tuning transmit power, carrier sense threshold, and data rate in multihop wireless networks

The importance of spatial reuse in wireless ad-hoc networks has been long recognized as a key to improving the network capacity. One can increase the level of spatial reuse by either reducing the transmit power or increasing the carrier sense threshold (thereby reducing the carrier sense range). On the other hand, as the transmit power decreases or the carrier sense threshold increases, the SINR decreases as a result of the smaller received signal or the increased interference level. Consequently, the data rate sustained by each transmission may decrease. This leads naturally to the following questions:(1)How can the trade-off between the increased level of spatial reuse and the decreased data rate each node can sustain be quantified? In other words,is there an optimal range of transmit power/carrier sense threshold in which the network capacity is maximized? (2)What is the relation between the transmit power and the carrier sense threshold.In this paper, we study both problems, and show that (i)in the case that the achievable channel rate follows the Shannon capacity, spatial reuse depends only on the ratio of the transmit power to the carrier sense threshold; and (ii) in the case that only a set of discrete data rates are available, tuning the transmit power offers several advantages that tuning the carrier sense threshold cannot, provided that there is a sufficient number of power levels available. Based on the findings, we then propose a decentralized power and rate control algorithm to enable each node to adjust, based on its signal interference level, its transmit power and data rate. The transmit power is so determined that the transmitter can sustain a high data rate, while keeping the adverse interference effect on the other neighboring concurrent transmissions minimal. Simulation results have shown that, as compared to existing carrier sense threshold tuning algorithms, the proposed power and rate control algorithm yields higher network capacity.
Childhood Sexual Abuse by a Family Member, Salivary Cortisol, and Homicidal Behavior of Female Prison Inmates

Background: Little is understood about neuropathophysiology and neuroendocrinology associated with childhood sexual abuse by a family member in females who commit homicide. Objectives: To determine if females sexually abused by a family member as a child also experienced more childhood physical abuse, had more neurological histories including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), displayed more homicidal behaviors, and had abnormal diurnal variation in the stress hormone cortisol compared with females not sexually abused by a family member. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 137 female inmates, including 9 murderers and 12 noncriminal females, with logistic regression statistical analysis comparing females who have (n = 60) and have not (n = 89) been sexually abused by a family member, as determined by Muenzenmaier's Childhood Abuse Scale. Results: Final multivariate logistic regression model controlling for higher numbers of incarcerated adult family members (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, p = .01) revealed that female victims of childhood sexual abuse by a family member experienced more childhood physical abuse (OR = 1.09, p = .05), experienced more TBIs (OR = 1.49, p = .01), and displayed increased violent behaviors including homicide (OR = 1.67, p = .05) compared with those not sexually abused by a family member. In univariate analysis, females sexually abused by a family member also experienced more sexual abuse by a non-family member (OR = 1.21, p = .036), more hospital visits for abuse injuries (OR = 1.27, p = .03), and more recent abuse (OR = .95, p = .008). Childhood sexual abuse by a family member was related significantly to decreased diurnal cortisol variation (OR = .087, p = .044) when controlling for number of years since last abuse, number of incarcerated adult family members, body mass index, depression, and TBIs. Discussion: Risks associated with sexual abuse by a family member should be considered for individuals and policies to prevent potential homicide by those who experienced it. Further study is needed.
Secretion of hepatoma-derived growth factor is regulated by N-terminal processing

Abstract Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was first purified as a growth factor secreted by hepatoma cells. It promotes angiogenesis and has been related to tumorigenesis. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of HDGF functions and especially its routes or regulation of secretion. Here we show that secretion of HDGF requires the N-terminal 10 amino acids and that this peptide can mediate secretion of other proteins, such as enhanced green fluorescent protein, if fused to their N-terminus. Our results further demonstrate that cysteine residues at positions 12 and 108 are linked via an intramolecular disulfide bridge. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of serine 165 in the C-terminal part of HDGF plays a critical role in the secretion process. If this serine is replaced by alanine, the N-terminus is truncated, the intramolecular disulfide bridge is not formed and the protein is not secreted. In summary, these observations provide a model of how phosphorylation, a disulfide bridge and proteolytic cleavage are involved in HDGF secretion.
Atlantic Major Hurricanes, 1995–2005—Characteristics Based on Best-Track, Aircraft, and IR Images

Abstract The Atlantic major hurricanes during the period of 1995–2005 are examined using best-track data, aircraft-based observations of central pressure, and infrared (IR) satellite images. There were 45 Atlantic major hurricanes (Saffir–Simpson category 3 or higher) during this 11-yr period, which is well above the long-term average. Descriptive statistics (e.g., average, variability, and range) of various characteristics are presented, including intensity, intensification rate, major hurricane duration, location, storm motion, size, and landfall observations. IR images are shown along with IR-derived quantities such as the digital Dvorak technique intensity and IR-defined cold cloud areas. In addition to the satellite intensity estimates, the associated component IR temperatures are documented. A pressure–wind relationship is evaluated, and the deviations of maximum intensity measurements from the pressure–wind relationship are discussed. The Atlantic major hurricane activity of the 1995–2005 period di.
Dopamine receptor 1 neurons in the dorsal striatum regulate food anticipatory circadian activity rhythms in mice

Daily rhythms of food anticipatory activity (FAA) are regulated independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which mediates entrainment of rhythms to light, but the neural circuits that establish FAA remain elusive. In this study, we show that mice lacking the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R KO mice) manifest greatly reduced FAA, whereas mice lacking the dopamine D2 receptor have normal FAA. To determine where dopamine exerts its effect, we limited expression of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum of dopamine-deficient mice; these mice developed FAA. Within the dorsal striatum, the daily rhythm of clock gene period2 expression was markedly suppressed in D1R KO mice. Pharmacological activation of D1R at the same time daily was sufficient to establish anticipatory activity in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that dopamine signaling to D1R-expressing neurons in the dorsal striatum plays an important role in manifestation of FAA, possibly by synchronizing circadian oscillators that modulate motivational processes and behavioral output. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03781. 001
Cytoplasmic HAX1 Is an Independent Risk Factor for Breast Cancer Metastasis

HAX1 is an antiapoptotic factor involved in the regulation of cell migration and calcium homeostasis, overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. It has been suggested that HAX1 is also implicated in metastasis. Herein we report the results of meta-analysis of HAX1 expression, based on publicly available data, which confirms its significant overexpression in breast cancer and demonstrates copy number gain and prognostic value of HAX1 overexpression for metastatic relapse in ER+ tumors. IHC analysis reported here also reveals its significant overexpression in breast cancer samples from primary tumors, indicating significantly higher HAX1 protein levels in a group of patients who developed distant metastases in a disease course. Moreover, we demonstrate that HAX1 localization is important for the prediction of metastatic relapse and that cytoplasmic but not nuclear HAX1 is an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis.
A Learning Perspective on Enterprise Architecture Management Completed Research Paper

Enterprise architecture management (EAM) has long been propagated in research and practice as an approach for keeping local information systems projects in line with enterprise-wide, long-term objectives. EAM literature predominantly promotes strictly governed and centralized coordination mechanisms to achieve the promised alignment contributions. Notwithstanding the increasing maturity levels in practice, organizations still struggle with the successful establishment of EAM, mainly due to the inherent challenges of a firmly centralized approach in complex organizational settings. This study opts for cooperative learning as a theoretical lens to afford a distinctive, noncentralized conceptualization of EAM. We empirically demonstrate EAM as a stage-wise learning process in which knowledge acquisition and cooperative interactions among individuals contribute to project performance on the local level. Projects that benefit from this particular learning process, in turn, are found to significantly leverage enterprisewide performance.
MK-1775, a small molecule Wee1 inhibitor, enhances anti-tumor efficacy of various DNA-damaging agents, including 5-fluorouracil

MK-1775 is a potent and selective small molecule Wee1 inhibitor. Previously we have shown that it abrogated DNA damaged checkpoints induced by gemcitabine, carboplatin, and cisplatin and enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of these agents selectively in p53-deficient tumor cells. MK-1775 is currently in Phase I clinical trial in combination with these anti-cancer drugs. In this study, the effects of MK-1775 on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other DNA-damaging agents with different modes of action were determined. MK-1775 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU in p53-deficient human colon cancer cells. MK-1775 inhibited CDC2 Y15 phosphorylation in cells, abrogated DNA damaged checkpoints induced by 5-FU treatment, and caused premature entry of mitosis determined by induction of Histone H3 phosphorylation. Enhancement by MK-1775 was specific for p53-deficient cells since this compound did not sensitize p53-wild type human colon cancer cells to 5-FU in vitro. In vivo, MK-1775 potentiated the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-FU or its prodrug, capecitabine, at tolerable doses. These enhancements were well correlated with inhibition of CDC2 phosphorylation and induction of Histone H3 phosphorylation in tumors. In addition, MK-1775 also potentiated the cytotoxic effects of pemetrexed, doxorubicin, camptothecin, and mitomycin C in vitro. These studies support the rationale for testing the combination of MK-1775 with various DNA-damaging agents in cancer patients.
The statistical analysis of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms: chi 2 and the problem of small samples.

Significance levels obtained from a chi 2 contingency test are suspect when sample sizes are small. Traditionally this has meant that data must be combined. However, such an approach may obscure heterogeneity and hence potentially reduce the power of the statistical test. In this paper, we present a Monte Carlo solution to this problem: by this method, no lumping of data is required, and the accuracy of the estimate of alpha (i.e., a type 1 error) depends only on the number of randomizations of the original data set. We illustrate this technique with data from mtDNA studies, where numerous genotypes are often observed and sample sizes are relatively small.
The Next Generation Information Of Technology For Biodiversty Of Conservation

Monitoring and surveillance system in forest area is a system developed by implementing the achievement of technology and information to collect data and information in different ways. With the development of science, especially in the field of technology and information, especially in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) increasingly provide opportunities to obtain information in real time, massive and accurate. ICT-related research for forest areas to be developed is an integrated system between forest ecosystems, buffer zones and urban areas through cloud computing systems involving integrated data centers for various data needs. IoT to be developed include: Visual Camera that can be used for surveillance of animals and vegetation, environmental sensors consisting of Weather Station, Temperature Sensor and Fire, GPS Sensor for Pal Limit. Access and data collection can use 450 Mhz point to point LTE BTS, or satelite at an economical price. Use for data.
Integrated Operation of Decentralised Resources for Rural Area Power Supply Applications

Energy in general and electrical energy in particular is not only at the center of sustainable development, but also at the center of development itself. Thus energy is critical for sustainable development because it is not only necessary for economic development, but also because this necessity drives societies towards environmentally unsound energy use and could severely compromise the planet itself. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the coming century emphasize the untapped potential of decentralised/renewable energy (DE/RE) sources. Rural areas those away from the grid or not connected to the electrical network of the developing world can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. A number of renewable energy initiatives are under way in developing countries, and India can contribute to rural development through the integrated operation of locally available RE sources. However due to the behavioral characteristics use of single source may not be able to supply energy safely, reliably and economically. An integrated renewable energy system composed of some renewable sources, and targets a small area such as a village or remote area for power supply. The system described here is meant to provide power for lighting during night hours. The system configuration of renewable energy varies with site location as these are generally intermittent in nature. Thus it may so happen that renewable power may not be sufficient to meet the regional demand in some hours. Such energy systems need to be provided with backup to support whenever the renewable supply is insufficient. In the present study it is targeted to a small village in the state of Madhya Pradesh in remote part of India, for examining the possibility of providing electrical energy with three kinds of renewable sources, such as solar-PV, wind power and small hydro power operated in an integrated way. The data of various energy sources was collected from the regional meteorological center for at least ten years were analysed in order to plan for the structure of the system. Finally the effects of integrated operation to store energy in the batteries with solar and wind sources are presented as the hydropower studies are underway. The model has been operated in laboratory installed in Electrical Engineering Department at VNIT - Nagpur - India. The results of solar wind integrated system are presented and the benefits to rural area are discussed. By this means, the most economical energy system can be configured and harnessed optimally that can provide a secured and sustainable development in the years to come under deregulated energy market
Food for thought: pilot randomized controlled trial of lay health trainers supporting dietary change to reduce cardiovascular disease in deprived communities.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 30% of UK deaths. It is associated with modifiable lifestyle factors, including insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V). Lay health trainers (LHTs) offer practical support to help people develop healthier behaviour and lifestyles. Our two-group pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated the effectiveness of LHTs at promoting a heart-healthy lifestyle among adults with at least one risk factor for CVD to inform a full-scale RCT. METHODS Eligible adults (aged 21-78 years), recruited from five practices serving deprived populations, were randomized to health information leaflets plus LHTs' support for 3 months (n = 76) versus health information leaflets alone (n = 38). RESULTS We recruited 114 participants, with 60% completing 6 month follow-up. Both groups increased their self-reported F&V consumption and we found no evidence for LHTs' support having significant added impact. Most participants were relatively less deprived, as were the LHTs we were able to recruit and train. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot demonstrated that an LHT's RCT whilst feasible faces considerable challenges. However, to justify growing investment in LHTs, any behaviour changes and sustained impact on those at greatest need should be demonstrated in an independently evaluated, robust, fully powered RCT.
Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10‐nm half-pitch lithography

When used as a negative-tone electron-beam resist, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is typically developed in an aqueous alkali solution such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. This development process results in low contrast. In this work, the authors instead used a mixture of salt and alkali to significantly increase the contrast of HSQ. Contrast values as high as 10 in a 115‐nm-thick resist were achieved by developing HSQ in an aqueous mixture of NaOH alkali and NaCl salt. Remarkably, this salty developer resulted in contrast enhancement without significant decrease in resist sensitivity. The improved contrast of HSQ enabled the fabrication of 7nm half-pitch nested-“L” structures in a 35‐nm-thick resist with minimal loss in thickness using a 30kV electron-beam acceleration voltage. They noticed a strong dependence of contrast enhancement on the concentration and type of cations and anions in the aqueous developer solution.
Development of a shuttle walking test of disability in patients with chronic airways obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to develop a standardised and externally paced field walking test, incorporating an incremental and progressive structure, to assess functional capacity in patients with chronic airways obstruction. METHODS: The usefulness of two different shuttle walking test protocols was examined in two separate groups of patients. The initial 10 level protocol (group A, n = 10) and a subsequent, modified, 12 level protocol (group B, n = 10) differed in the number of increments and in the speeds of walking. Patients performed three shuttle walking tests one week apart. Then the performance of patients (group C, n = 15) in the six minute walking test was compared with that in the second (modified) shuttle walking test protocol. Heart rate was recorded during all the exercise tests with a short range telemetry device. RESULTS: The 12 level modified protocol provided a measure of functional capacity in patients with a wide range of disability and was reproducible after just one practice walk; the mean difference between trial 2 v 3 was -2.0 (95% CI -21.9 to 17.9) m. There was a significant relation between the distance walked in the six minute walking test and the shuttle walking test (rho = 0.68) but the six minute walking test appeared to overestimate the extent of disability in some patients. The shuttle test provoked a graded cardiovascular response not evident in the six minute test. Moreover, the maximal heart rates attained were significantly higher for the shuttle walking test than for the six minute test. CONCLUSIONS: The shuttle walking test constitutes a standardised incremental field walking test that provokes a symptom limited maximal performance. It provides an objective measurement of disability and allows direct comparison of patients' performance.
Hierarchical Classification Fusion framework

This paper presents a novel hierarchical Classification Fusion (CF) framework which operates on Abstract and Measurement levels simultaneously and thus exploits information patterns resulting from the output labels and posterior beliefs of individual classifiers. Furthermore the proposed classification fusion methodology allows for the decomposition of the input data, which is used to design individual classifiers, into subsets. This in turn permits individual classifiers to be re-designed per subset and in a manner that increases overall system classification performance. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology in the case of multi-modal, multi-feature binary data classification problems. In addition the proposed CF design framework can be applied to multi class problems and is independent of the type of classifiers employed in the system.