Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimal Bloom filter replacement

This paper considers space-efficient data structures for storing an approximation <i>S'</i> to a set <i>S</i> such that <i>S</i> ⊆ <i>S'</i> and any element not in <i>S</i> belongs to <i>S'</i> with probability at most ∈. The <i>Bloom filter</i> data structure, solving this problem, has found widespread use. Our main result is a new RAM data structure that improves Bloom filters in several ways:• The time for looking up an element in <i>S'</i> is <i>O</i>(1), <i>independent of ∈. </i>• The space usage is within a lower order term of the lower bound. • The data structure uses <i>explicit</i> hash function families. • The data structure supports insertions <i>and deletions on S</i> in amortized expected constant time.The main technical ingredient is a succinct representation of dynamic multisets. We also consider three recent generalizations of Bloom filters.
Scalable Linkage across Location Enhanced Services

In this work, we investigate methods for merging spatio-temporal usage and entity records across two location-enhanced services, even when the datasets are semantically diﬀerent. To address both eﬀectiveness and eﬃciency, we study this linkage problem in two parts: model and framework . First we discuss models, including k - l diversity— a concept we developed to capture both spatial and temporal diversity aspects of the linkage, and probabilistic linkage. Second, we aim to develop a framework that brings eﬃcient computation and parallelization support for both models of linkage.
In Vitro Transposition of Transposon Tn

Transposition of the ampicillin-resistant transposon Tn3 was reproduced in vitro using the Escherichia coli cell extract. In this cell-free system, we used plasmid DNA carrying mini-Tn3 as donor and phage X DNA as target and assayed for ampicillin-resistance transducing phages formed by cointegration of these DNA molecules. Ampicillin-resistance transducing phages, which were obtained by in vitro packaging of A DNA after the in vitro transposition reaction, were formed only in the presence of Tn3 transposase. The reaction required mini-Tn3 with the proper sequence and orientation of the terminal inverted repeats of Tn3. The reaction also required DNA synthesis but not RNA synthesis by E. coli RNA polymerase.
Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes

Network analysis is on the rise across scientific disciplines because of its ability to reveal complex, and often emergent, patterns and dynamics. Nonetheless, a growing concern in network analysis is the use of limited data for constructing networks. This concern is strikingly relevant to ecology and conservation biology, where network analysis is used to infer connectivity across landscapes. In this context, movement among patches is the crucial parameter for interpreting connectivity but because of the difficulty of collecting reliable movement data, most network analysis proceeds with only indirect information on movement across landscapes rather than using observed movement to construct networks. Statistical models developed for social networks provide promising alternatives for landscape network construction because they can leverage limited movement information to predict linkages. Using two mark-recapture datasets on individual movement and connectivity across landscapes, we test whether commonly used network constructions for interpreting connectivity can predict actual linkages and network structure, and we contrast these approaches to social network models. We find that currently applied network constructions for assessing connectivity consistently, and substantially, overpredict actual connectivity, resulting in considerable overestimation of metapopulation lifetime. Furthermore, social network models provide accurate predictions of network structure, and can do so with remarkably limited data on movement. Social network models offer a flexible and powerful way for not only understanding the factors influencing connectivity but also for providing more reliable estimates of connectivity and metapopulation persistence in the face of limited data.
What's so different about the mobile Internet?

The mobile Internet, defined as wireless access to the digitized contents of the Internet via mobile devices, has advanced significantly, both in terms of its user population and its technology. Recent research suggests that the number of mobile Internet users in the world will grow 18-fold between 2000 and 2005, to about 729 million [5]. The number of people using the mobile Internet already exceeds those using the stationary Internet in Japan [3]. In South Korea, the number of people owning a mobile phone is 29 million (64% of the total population), the number of mobile Internet subscribers is estimated to be about 18 million (39% of the total population), and more than 3.5 million people are already using a 2.5G mobile Internet service, CDMA-1x, with a speed of 2.4Mbps [8]. The rapid growth of the mobile Internet has significant implications for e-businesses. However, we cannot simply transfer the rules of the stationary Internet to the mobile Internet “game” because the mobile Internet differs significantly in various aspects from the stationary Internet. Hence we need to analyze the characteristics of the mobile Internet and their impact on e-business. This study investigates the business implications of the mobile Internet from the user’s perspective. In three consecutive large-scale surveys conducted in Korea, the effects of the characteristics of the mobile Internet on business users were identified. The business implications of the mobile Internet were then compared with those of the stationary Internet, and their divergences analyzed according to the characteristics of mobile Internet systems.
Clustering based on Dissimilarity First Derivatives

A hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm based on the analysis of dissimilarity increments between neighboring patterns is presented. The first derivative of dissimilarity between neighboring patterns inside a natural cluster is modelled by an exponential distribution, this statistic characterizing the cluster. A cluster isolation criterion is defined based on estimates of each cluster dissimilarity increments mean value, continuously updated along the clusters formation process, under a hierarchical agglomerative framework. Unreliable estimates, mainly occurring when cluster cardinality is low, can lead to over-fragmentation of the data into spurious, small sized clusters. In order to prevent this situation, a regularizing function is proposed to widen the estimates of the exponential distribution mean, when the number of samples is small. Analysis of the method is performed in a comparative study with the well known single-link and k-means algorithms. Application examples using both syntectic and real data show the ability of the method to identify arbitrary shaped clusters.
Development of PET and SPECT Probes for Glutamate Receptors

l-Glutamate and its receptors (GluRs) play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Impaired regulation of GluRs has also been implicated in various neurological disorders. GluRs are classified into two major groups: ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels, and metabotropic GluRs (mGluRs), which are coupled to heterotrimeric guanosine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of GluRs could provide a novel view of CNS function and of a range of brain disorders, potentially leading to the development of new drug therapies. Although no satisfactory imaging agents have yet been developed for iGluRs, several PET ligands for mGluRs have been successfully employed in clinical studies. This paper reviews current progress towards the development of PET and SPECT probes for GluRs.
A 1200 V/200 A Half-Bridge Power Module Based on Si IGBT/SiC MOSFET Hybrid Switch

The hybrid switch (HyS), which is a parallel combination of the silicon (Si) insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and the silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), can realize high switching frequency at a reasonable cost. In this paper, a compact HyS half-bridge power module, rated at 1200 V/200 A, was fabricated in house and fully tested for the first time. An electrothermal model of the HyS was set up in LTspice to determine the optimal gate sequence for the HyS. To minimize the HyS power loss, the turn-on gate signals are applied to the Si IGBTs and the SiC MOSFETs simultaneously while a prior turn-off period exists between the turn-off gate signals of the Si IGBTs and the SiC MOSFETs. By considering the power loss of the HyS and the junction temperature of the SiC MOSFETs, a novel index is proposed to select the optimal prior turn-off period. Based on the HyS power modules, a 5 kW aircooling voltage source inverter and a 30 kW water-cooling voltage source inverter were developed and tested to verify the analysis.
The minimally important difference and patient acceptable symptom state for the Raynaud's condition score in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in a large randomised controlled clinical trial

Background The Raynaud's condition score (RCS) is a validated outcome measure for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Objective To assess the minimally important difference (MID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) for RCS in patients with RP. Subjects and methods Patients with active RP (n=162) (mean RCS >25 (0–100 visual analogue scale) participated in a placebo-controlled, crossover randomised clinical trial (RCT). Data from the two treatment groups were combined for this analysis. Retrospective and prospective anchors were administered during the RCT. MID groups were defined as the group who reported being somewhat better (anchor #1) and a one-step change from “unbearable” to “very severe”, etc (anchor #2). Patients were considered to have achieved PASS if they rated their Raynaud's condition as “very mild” or “mild” at the last study visit. Results The mean age of participants was 48.9 years and the mean baseline RCS was 46.4 points. The RCS change score for the MID improvement group ranged from −13.9 to −14.3 points and PASS estimate was 34.0 points. Conclusion The MID and PASS estimates for RCS are 14–15 points for improvement and 34 points, respectively, on a 0–100 scale in a large RCT of patients with active RP. This information can aid in interpreting RCS in future RP trials.
Phenomenology

Investigators who use phenomenological approaches to understand experiences of human healing, caring, and wholeness need to consider the differences that exist between descriptive and hermeneutic phenomenology. In this article, these two approaches are compared and contrasted with respect to roots, similarities, and differences. Guidelines are offered to assist prospective investigators in selecting the approach most suitable to personal cognitive style and beliefs about the ways humans experience and find meanings during transitions through wellness and illness to advance nursing knowledge in a holistic view.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Three Generations of Resin Bonding Agents and Glass Ionomer to Dentin

Received: 11 Aug 2014 Accepted: 18 Dec 2014 Abstract Background and Aim: Due to specific properties of dentin, such as tubular structure and intrinsic moisture, bond to dentin is more difficult than to enamel. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to dentin using three different types of resin bonding agents and a glass ionomer-based adhesive. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 premolar teeth without caries or restorations were selected and randomly divided into six groups of 12. The first group (I) was chosen as the control group and received no preparation of dentin surface. The remaining groups received application of Single Bond (group II), OptiBond XTR (group III), All-in-One (group IV) and GC Fuji Bond LC adhesive as pre-cure (group V) and co-cure (group VI) on dentin surface, respectively. The samples were stored for two weeks in water at room temperature and then their SBS was measured using Zwick universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Statistical data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 test. Results: The group bonded with OptiBond XTR had the maximum SBS (24.05±9.43 MPa) while the control group showed minimum SBS (0.68±0.32 MPa). SBS of composite resin to dentin in groups V and VI bonded with GC Fuji Bond LC adhesive was significantly lower than that in groups bonded with resin bonding agents (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, application of GC Fuji Bond LC glass ionomer adhesive is not recommended to bond composite to dentin.
On Algorithm for the Minimum Spanning Trees Problem with Diameter Bounded Below

The minimum spanning trees problem is to find k edge-disjoint spanning trees in a given undirected weighted graph. It can be solved in polynomial time. In the k minimum spanning trees problem with diameter bounded below (k-MSTBB) there is an additional requirement: a diameter of every spanning tree must be not less than some predefined value d. The k-MSTBB is NP hard. We propose an asymptotically optimal polynomial time algorithm to solve this problem.
Barriers to optimal social support in the postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE To examine the specific barriers to mothers' realization of social support during the first-year postpartum. DESIGN A qualitative approach in which social support data were analyzed thematically. SETTING An urban medical center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one women who had given birth in the year prior to study enrollment were recruited through posted flyers at multiple community sites. METHODS Data were collected during three focus groups. The data that related to social support were extracted from a larger qualitative data set and analyzed separately for prominent social support inhibitors. RESULTS Major themes that emerged were availability of trustworthy child care, cost of child care, demands of infant care, changing priorities, a transient population, and availability of family. CONCLUSIONS Emergent barriers to social support such as the demands of infant care and changing priorities are likely challenges for women regardless of socioeconomic status. However, the volume of text related to availability (proximity) of family, availability of trustworthy child care, and the consequences of a transient lifestyle may be attributed to the composition of the study sample.
Neutral and weakly nonneutral sequence variants may define individuality

Large-scale computational analyses of the growing wealth of genome-variation data consistently tell two distinct stories. The first is expected: coding variants reported in disease-related databases significantly alter the function of affected proteins. The second is surprising: the genomes of healthy individuals appear to carry many variants that are predicted to have some effect on function. As long as the complete experimental analysis of all human genome variants remains impossible, computational methods, such as PolyPhen, SNAP, and SIFT, might provide important insights. These methods capture the effects of particular variants very well and can highlight trends in populations of variants. Diseases are, arguably, extreme phenotypic variations and are often attributable to one or a few severely functionally disruptive variants. Our findings suggest a genomic basis of the different nondisease phenotypes. Prediction methods indicate that variants in seemingly healthy individuals tend to be neutral or weakly disruptive for protein molecular function. These variant effects are predicted to be largely either experimentally undetectable or are not deemed significant enough to be published. This may suggest that nondisease phenotypes arise through combinations of many variants whose effects are weakly nonneutral (damaging or enhancing) to the molecular protein function but fall within the wild-type range of overall physiological function.
From Informatics to Bioinformatics

Informatics has helped in launching molecular biology into the genomic era. It appears certain that informatics will continue to be a major factor in the success of molecular biology in the post-genome era. In this paper, we describe advances made in data integration and data mining technologies that are relevant to molecular biology and biomedical sciences. In particular, we discuss some past and present research results on topics such as (a) the taming of autonomous heterogeneous distributed data sources, (b) the prediction of immunogenic peptides, (c) the discovery of gene structure features, (d) the classification of gene expression profiles, and (e) the extraction of protein interaction information from literature.
Activity/Posture Recognition using Wearable Sensors Placed on Different Body Locations

This paper presents an approach to activity/posture recognition using wearable sensors. The sensors consist of 3-axis accelerometer, 3D gyroscope and 3D magnetometer (3D compass). Several approaches of activity and posture recognition are analyzed, varying the number, type of the sensors and using different body placements. The effect of these different scenarios on the accuracy is investigated. Placements of up to three sensors are considered: chest, right thigh and right ankle. Extraction of additional attributes was performed in order to more precisely reconstruct the activities/postures. The results indicate that the gyroscope and magnetometer data significantly improve performance of the system, in particular when only one sensor was placed on the chest.
Synchronization medium: a consistency maintenance component for mobile multiplayer games

In multiplayer games, where many players take part in a game while communicating through a network, the players may have an inconsistent view of the game world because of the communication delays across the network. This problem of inconsistency is even more crucial when playing on a mobile phone via a 3G network where the communication delays can be of several seconds. Consistency maintenance algorithms must be used to have a uniform view of the game world. These algorithms are very complex and hard to program. In this paper, we discuss different consistency maintenance algorithms from the point of view of mobile devices and present an approach where the consistency concern is handled separately by a distributed component called synchronization medium, which is responsible for communication as well as consistency maintenance. The game logic components interact with the synchronization medium to communicate between them and synchronize their data. We argue that this separation of concerns reduces the burden on the game developer. Moreover, a medium offers a generic interface and is designed to be easily reused for different game applications. Finally, using a medium, different consistency maintenance approaches can be tested and compared easily for experimentation.
Ontology Generation through the Fusion of Partial Reuse and Relation Extraction

Ontology generation—a process to automatically create ontologies from existing knowledge sources—has become a key issue with the emergence of the semantic web. Though many researchers are trying to automate this process by exploiting machine learning and data mining techniques, the results remain under exploration. At the same time, when more and more ontologies are available online, it is important to reuse existing ontologies to a certain extent. In this paper, we present a semi-automatic ontology generation system (OntoGenerator) by partially reusing existing ontologies via a modularization technique and a ranking strategy. In order to enrich the semantics of the generated ontology, we integrate natural language-based, non-taxonomic relation extraction into the system. OntoGenerator is aimed at supporting ontology reuse in semantic indexing. Another objective is to evaluate the maturity of the semantic web by applying its technologies in ontology generation.
A comprehensive and systematic methodology for client-server class integration testing

This article is a first attempt towards a comprehensive, systematic methodology for class interface testing in the context of client/server relationships. The proposed approach builds on and combines existing techniques. It first consists in selecting a subset of the method sequences defined for the class testing of the client class, based on an analysis of the interactions between the client and the server methods. Coupling information is then used to determine the conditions, i.e., values for parameters and data members, under which the selected client method sequences are to be executed so as to exercise the interaction. The approach is illustrated by means of an abstract example and its cost-effectiveness is evaluated through a case study.
High Performance Transistors in Low Mobility Organic Semiconductors for Analog and High-Frequency Applications

In conventional organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), the low mobility of carriers in the organic semiconductor layers leads to low device speed , which seriously limits the applicability of the devices for analog and high frequency circuits in high performance applications. In this paper, the source- gated transistor (SGT) concept is introduced for high performance transistors in low mobility organic semiconductors, in which the source comprises a potential barrier to current flow and a gate is used to modulate the electric field at the reverse-biased source barrier and change the current. Compared to the OFET, the OSGT has a much smaller susceptibility to short-channel effects, and can be operated with much higher internal electrical fields giving high drive current and high speed. The numerical simulation results show that the OSGT can be an excellent candidate for designing high performance transistors in low-mobility organic materials for analog and high frequency applications.
Bootstrap for log wavelet leaders cumulant based multifractal analysis

Multifractal analysis, which mostly consists of estimating scaling exponents related to the power law behaviors of the moments of wavelet coefficients, is becoming a popular tool for empirical data analysis. However, little is known about the statistical performance of such procedures. Notably, despite their being of major practical importance, no confidence intervals are available. Here, we choose to replace wavelet coefficients with wavelet Leaders and to use a log-cumulant based multifractal analysis. We investigate the potential use of bootstrap to derive confidence intervals for wavelet Leaders log-cumulant multifractal estimation procedures. From numerical simulations involving well-known and well-controlled synthetic multifractal processes, we obtain two results of major importance for practical multifractal analysis : we demonstrate that the use of Leaders instead of wavelet coefficients brings significant improvements in log-cumulant based multifractal estimation, we show that accurate bootstrap designed confidence intervals can be obtained for a single finite length time series.