Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The architecture of a large-scale wind power monitoring and forecast system

Wind energy is an important type of renewable energy which has a consistently growing proportion in overall energy production worldwide. Yet, the uncertainty and variability of the wind leads to challenges for transmission system operators (TSOs) during grid management and for wind power plant (WPP) owners during market operations. In order to address these problems, convenient monitoring and forecast of wind power is indispensable. In this paper, we present the architecture of the wind power monitoring and forecast system of Turkey designed and implemented within the scope of the ṘITM project which primarily aims at large-scale integration of the WPPs in the transmission grid. Although wind power generation in Turkey is its infant stage, with a total installed capacity of 2202.4 MW in operation, the number of WPPs keeps increasing at an accelerated rate and the presented system currently covers 14 WPPs with a total installed capacity of 704.9 MW, hence about 32% of the wind power generation in the country is monitored and the related wind power forecasts are produced. The paper describes the data acquisition, storage, processing, and presentation components of the overall system in details. The described system is significant as its outputs can be utilized by TSOs during grid management and are already being utilized by WPP owners during day-ahead and intra-day market operations. Moreover, the system has advantages over existing systems in other countries in terms of the ease of extensibility, the range of real-time data sources, and the range of forecasts produced.
The mechanism of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines neuroprotection: the importance of free radicals scavenging properties and inhibition of glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity

1‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), unlike several other tetrahydroisoquinolines, displays neuroprotective properties. To elucidate this action we compared the effects of 1MeTIQ with 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ), a compound sharing many activities with 1MeTIQ (among them reducing free radicals formed during dopamine catabolism), but offering no clear neuroprotection. We found that the compounds similarly inhibit free‐radical generation in an abiotic system, as well as indices of neurotoxicity (caspase‐3 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release) induced by glutamate in mouse embryonic primary cell cultures (a preparation resistant to NMDA toxicity). However, in granular cell cultures obtained from 7‐day‐old rats, 1MeTIQ prevented the glutamate‐induced cell death and 45Ca2+ influx, whereas TIQ did not. This suggested a specific action of 1MeTIQ on NMDA receptors, which was confirmed by the inhibition of [3H]MK‐801 binding by 1MeTIQ. Finally, we demonstrated in an in vivo microdialysis experiment that 1MeTIQ prevents kainate‐induced release of excitatory amino acids from the rat frontal cortex. Our results indicate that 1MeTIQ, in contrast to TIQ, offers a unique and complex mechanism of neuroprotection in which antagonism to the glutamatergic system may play a very important role. The results suggest the potential of 1MeTIQ as a therapeutic agent in various neurodegenarative illnesses of the central nervous system.
The RAB Family GTPase Rab1A from Plasmodium falciparum Defines a Unique Paralog Shared by Chromalveolates and Rhizaria

ABSTRACT. The RAB GTPases, which are involved in regulation of endomembrane trafficking, exhibit a complex but incompletely understood evolutionary history. We elucidated the evolution of the RAB1 subfamily ancestrally implicated in the endoplasmic reticulum‐to‐Golgi traffic. We found that RAB1 paralogs have been generated over the course of eukaryotic evolution, with some duplications coinciding with the advent of major eukaryotic lineages (e.g. Metazoa, haptophytes). We also identified a unique, derived RAB1 paralog, orthologous to the Plasmodium Rab1A, that occurs in stramenopiles, alveolates, and Rhizaria, represented by the chlorarachniophyte Gymnochlora stellata. This finding is consistent with the recently documented existence of a major eukaryotic clade (“SAR”) comprising these three lineages. We further found a Rab1A‐like protein in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta, but it exhibits unusual features among RAB proteins: absence of a C‐terminal prenylation motif and an N‐terminal extension with two MSP domains; and its phylogenetic relationships could not be established convincingly due to its divergent nature. Our results nevertheless point to a unique membrane trafficking pathway shared by at least some lineages of chromalveolates and Rhizaria, an insight that has implications towards interpreting the early evolution of eukaryotes and the endomembrane system.
CYP2C19 Genetic Variants Affect Nelfinavir Pharmacokinetics and Virologic Response in HIV-1–Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:The objective of this research was to identify the impact of genetic variants of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) on nelfinavir pharmacokinetics and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1-infected children. Methods:HIV-1-infected children (n = 152) from Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 366 or 377 receiving nelfinavir as a component of HAART were evaluated. Genomic DNA was assayed for ABCB1 and CYP genetic variants using real-time polymerase chain reaction Nelfinavir oral clearance (CL/F), M8 to nelfinavir ratios, CD4+ T cells, and HIV-1-RNA were measured during HAART. Results:Nelfinavir CL/F and M8 to nelfinavir ratios were significantly associated with the CYP2C19-G681A genotypes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the CYP2C19-G681A genotype was related to virologic responses at week 24 (P = 0.01). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (P = 0.03), concomitant protease inhibitor use (P < 0.001), and the CYP2C19-G681A genotype (P < 0.001) remained significant covariates associated with nelfinavir CL/F. Conclusions:CYP2C19 genotypes altered nelfinavir pharmacokinetics and the virologic response to HAART in HIV-1-infected children. These findings suggest that CYP2C19 genotypes are important determinants of nelfinavir pharmacokinetics and virologic response in HIV-1-infected children.
Moving object detection and shadow removal in video surveillance

The automatic analysis of digital video scenes often requires the segmentation of moving objects from a static background. The most popular approach involves subtracting the current frame from the background image. How to correctly and efficiently model and update the background model and how to deal with shadows are two of the most distinguishing and challenging aspects of such approach. In order to solve these problems, we presented an adaptive background subtract method based on improved mixture Gaussian and an effective shadow removal algorithm based on shadow attributes. Experimental results with lots of video data and comparative analysis with recent adaptive object detection techniques show the strength of the proposed technique in eliminating noise, shadow, and trailing effect while maintaining better stability across variable operating speeds.
The anatomic basis of pure alexia

The behavioral and anatomic correlates of pure alexia were analyzed in 16 patients. Right homonymous hemianopia failed to appear in three patients, who had right achromatopsia instead. Color anomia and unilateral optic ataxia were seen in six patients. Memory defects were found in two patients. Visual agnosia was noted in two. No patient had visual disorientation. The crucial anatomic correlate of alexia was a lesion of the paraventricular white matter of the left occipital lobe, capable of compromising both interhemispheric and intrahemispheric visual pathways. The lesion associated with color anomia was in the mesial occipitotemporal junction of the left hemisphere.
Should variation of serum lipid levels be considered a risk factor for the development of basal cell carcinoma?

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous neoplasm in human beings. Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most important predisposing factors for BCC. Although some recent investigations have shown a high serum level of phospholipids in actinic keratosis and BCC, this subject is still debated and needs approval. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum lipid level and development of cutaneous BCC. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured in 30 patients with BCC and 30 healthy controls. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests including t tests and Chi square test. Results: This study shows that the mean age of the case and control groups were 63.93 ± 12.09 and 61.57 ± 21.1 years (mean ± SD), respectively. The average amount of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL in the BCC patients were 139.73 ± 69.11 mg/dl, 179.20 ± 43.42 mg/dl, 39.40 ± 9.30 mg/dl and 110.70 ± 34.13 mg/dl, respectively, whereas these amounts in the control group were 141.83 ± 80.41 mg/dl, 173.60 ± 96.32 mg/dl, 36.97 ± 6.35 mg/dl, 110.70 ± 34.13 mg/dl and 104.87 ± 30.85 mg/dl, respectively. No significant difference was found in the lipid profile of the case and control groups (P > 0.05%). Conclusion: This study shows that the serum lipid levels in patients with BCC has no significant difference in comparison with the control group and, therefore, relevance between BCC and serum lipid level is not proven. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary for evaluating this subject.
A Study of At-Risk Students' Perceptions of an Online Academic Credit Recovery Program in an Urban North Texas Independent School District.

The purpose of this research study was to describe and analyze at-risk high school students' perceptions of their experiences with online academic credit recovery classes offered to them through an urban school district’s dropout prevention department. The review of literature concerning curricula for online programs revealed that the variety of offerings and experiences varied from state to state and district to district about how online academic programs have been utilized. This particular quantitative research study was selected due to students enrolling in district sponsored online credit recovery classes possibly with some underlying perceptions that could have impacted their success and affect the total enhancement of the program. District leaders determined students needed to express and have a voice in making the online credit recovery program stronger and to establish a greater understanding of the students’ perceptions about the dropout prevention online program. Surveys were gathered from credit recovery high school students in the North Texas urban school district. Data obtained from the surveys revealed the attitudes articulated through typical online academic credit recovery students’ experiences. This quantitative study involved the use of data from a survey employing a 5-point Likert scale with the anchor points ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1). The independent variables were the high schools included in the study, students’ grade levels and gender, and students’ online and traditional efficacy scores. The dependent variables in this study were students’ perceptions of online classes, in particular their perception of whether or not the online program prevented them from dropping out of high school. A number of items were used to measure students’ perceptions. Overall, the students felt that the online academic credit recovery program prevented them from dropping out, they would prefer more online course
Sovereign Credit Ratings in Developing Economies: New Empirical Assessment

This study contributes to understanding the main determinants of sovereign ratings for developing countries making use of information from Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and Fitch. Based on a sample of 40 countries for the period 1994 to 2013 and panel data approach, we extended previous works in the literature by including new economic aspects, as well as, new institutional and governance variables (e.g. inflation targeting, financial openness, democracy, corruption, etc.). The findings denote that, besides the traditional macroeconomic variables, adoption of inflation targeting, financial openness, democracy, law and order, and less corruption are important to improve the sovereign ratings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARMatron — A wearable gesture recognition glove: For control of robotic devices in disaster management and human Rehabilitation

In this paper we present the design and development of a hand-motion recognition system as an interface between human and mechatronic systems such as UAVs and other rescue robots. The interface device, named as ARMatron, will be capable of identifying the gestures made by the user and convert them to suitable signals to activate the target gadgets. Suitable sensors on the ARMatron will sense the linear and rotary motions of the hand. A data acquisition system (DAQ) will acquire the data from the sensors and will be processed by a suitable controller to identify the intended gesture of the user. This will be converted to suitable control signals in the controller and will be used as the command signals to activate the gadget. The proposed system is expected to enable easy interfacing of human with mechanical/mechatronic systems and provide new dimension to man-machine interface systems, radically changing the search and rescue scenario, and also help rehabilitating physically handicapped victims.
Effect of Quantum Barrier Thickness in the Multiple-Quantum-Well Active Region of GaInN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes

The dependence of the polarization-induced electric field in GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the GaN quantum barrier (QB) thickness is investigated. Electrostatic arguments and simulations predict that a thin QB thickness reduces the electric field in the quantum wells (QWs) and also improves the LED efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate that the QW electric field decreases with decreasing QB thickness. The lower electric field results in a better overlap of electron and hole wave functions and better carrier confinement in the QWs. A reduced efficiency droop and enhanced internal quantum efficiency is demonstrated for GaInN/GaN LEDs when the QB thickness is reduced from 24.5 to 9.1 nm.
Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Elderly Men and Postmenopausal Women

Purpose: To explore the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and β-cell function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Fujian, China, from 2011 to 2012. The study included 572 elderly men older than age 60 years and 1558 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 86 years, excluding those with diabetes and insulin resistance. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. Pancreatic β-cell function was estimated by using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-β). Calcaneus BMD was measured by using quantitative ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses were applied to explore the association. Results: Participants with decreased BMD had lower fasting glucose (P < 0.001 in postmenopausal women; P = 0.007 in elderly men) and greater HOMA-β (P = 0.001 in postmenopausal women; P = 0.008 in elderly men) than those with normal BMD, whereas no statistical differences in insulin were seen among categories of BMD. After adjustment for all confounders, HOMA-β was still significantly negatively related to BMD in both groups (all P < 0.001), and remarkable positive relationships were found between BMD and fasting glucose. Furthermore, binary logistic regression presented fully adjusted odds ratios for diabetes in those with osteoporosis vs those with normal BMD: 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38 to 0.94] and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.91) in the original selected population of elderly men (n = 1070) and postmenopausal women (n = 2825), respectively. Conclusions: BMD was independently inversely associated with HOMA-β and positively associated with fasting glucose in both elderly men and postmenopausal women, suggesting that bone mass may be a predictor of glucose metabolism. Further research is needed to verify the associations and determine the exact mechanism underlying them.
Color Filter Array Patterns Designed to Mitigate Crosstalk Effects in Small Pixel Image Sensors

As pixel sizes approach the diffraction limit, optical and carrier crosstalk will increase substantially. Very high crosstalk leads to a reduction in SNR and color reproduction quality when conventional color filter arrays (CFAs) such as the Bayer patterns (RGB and CMY) are used. We present the design and analysis of new color filter array patterns for improving the color error and SNR deterioration caused by crosstalk in these sub-diffraction-limit (SDL) pixels.
Off-line observation system based on acoustic video camera for understanding behavior of underwater life

We have developed an off-line acoustic video camera system for observation of underwater lives. This system consists of acoustic video camera “DIDSON”, power control unit and frame unit. DIDSON is commercially available acoustic lens-based imaging sonar. It can work even in turbid or dark water where optical systems fail. The power control unit was newly developed. It controls power supply to DIDSON and allows DIDSON to work in stand-alone mode at seafloor. This acoustic video camera system was used in order to observe behaviors of dugongs living in coastal area of Mindanao Island, Philippines, as its first field trial. Though the acoustic video camera system could not capture the images of dugongs due to limitation of observation period, quality of the captured images was good enough to indicate that the off-line acoustic video camera system has a practical use.
A Passive Client-based Approach to Detect Evil Twin Attacks

As the widespread deployment and usage of 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi users are vulnerable to be attacked by a security threat called evil twins. The evil twin, a kind of rogue access points (RAPs), masquerades as a legitimate access point (AP) to lure users to connect it. Malicious adversaries can easily configure evil twins on a laptop to induce victim wireless users. The presence of such a threat continuously leads to significant loss of information. In this paper, we propose a passive client-side detection approach that allows users to independently identify and locate evil twins without any assistance from a wireless network administrator. Because of the forwarding behavior of evil twins, proposed method compares 802.11 data frames sent by target APs to users to determine evil twin attacks. We implemented our detection and location technique in a Python tool named ET-spotter. Through implementation and evaluation in our study, our algorithm achieves 96% accuracy in distinguishing evil twins from legitimate APs.
Developing a primary care patient measure of safety (PC PMOS): a modified Delphi process and face validity testing

Background Patients are a valuable source of information about ways to prevent harm in primary care and are in a unique position to provide feedback about the factors that contribute to safety incidents. Unlike in the hospital setting, there are currently no tools that allow the systematic capture of this information from patients. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative primary care patient measure of safety (PC PMOS). Methods A two-stage approach was undertaken to develop questionnaire domains and items. Stage 1 involved a modified Delphi process. An expert panel reached consensus on domains and items based on three sources of information (validated hospital PMOS, previous research conducted by our study team and literature on threats to patient safety). Stage 2 involved testing the face validity of the questionnaire developed during stage 1 with patients and primary care staff using the ‘think aloud’ method. Following this process, the questionnaire was revised accordingly. Results The PC PMOS was received positively by both patients and staff during face validity testing. Barriers to completion included the length, relevance and clarity of questions. The final PC PMOS consisted of 50 items across 15 domains. The contributory factors to safety incidents centred on communication, access to care, patient-related factors, organisation and care planning, task performance and information flow. Discussion This is the first tool specifically designed for primary care settings, which allows patients to provide feedback about factors contributing to potential safety incidents. The PC PMOS provides a way for primary care organisations to learn about safety from the patient perspective and make service improvements with the aim of reducing harm in this setting. Future research will explore the reliability and construct validity of the PC PMOS.
Adaptive Neural Output-Feedback Control for a Class of Nonlower Triangular Nonlinear Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics

This paper presents the development of an adaptive neural controller for a class of nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and immeasurable states. An observer is designed to estimate system states. The structure consistency of virtual control signals and the variable partition technique are combined to overcome the difficulties appearing in a nonlower triangular form. An adaptive neural output-feedback controller is developed based on the backstepping technique and the universal approximation property of the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. By using the Lyapunov stability analysis, the semiglobally and uniformly ultimate boundedness of all signals within the closed-loop system is guaranteed. The simulation results show that the controlled system converges quickly, and all the signals are bounded. This paper is novel at least in the two aspects: 1) an output-feedback control strategy is developed for a class of nonlower triangular nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and 2) the nonlinear disturbances and their bounds are the functions of all states, which is in a more general form than existing results.
Selective Solid-Phase Silicon Epitaxy of  ${\hbox{p}}^{+}$ Aluminum-Doped Contacts for Nanoscale Devices

A solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) process based on material inversion of an amorphous silicon (alpha-Si) on aluminum layer-stack is applied to form ultrashallow p-type junctions. In this paper, we demonstrate the controllability of the whole process when the junction area is reduced to the sub-100-nm range and the processing temperature is reduced to 400 degC. The SPE-Si to Si-substrate interface, analyzed locally by transmission electron microscopy and more systematically by the fabrication and electrical characterization of p+-n diodes, was found to be practically defect-free. Moreover, it is demonstrated by capacitance-voltage profiling that the Al-dopants do not diffuse into the bulk silicon for the used processing temperatures and the SPE p+-island to n-substrate transition is ideally abrupt. The I-V characteristics of the as-fabricated p+-n diodes are near ideal (n=1.03) and low-ohmic contact resistance to p- and p + regions is reliably obtained