Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational design and fabrication of hanging structures

In this paper, we present a method for computational design and fabrication of hanging structures. A hanging structure is composed of a series of linked rods, and forms a specific shape under gravity. Given a user-specified shape, our algorithm automatically optimizes the configuration of the rods, so that the resulting structure can resemble the target shape. The optimization is achieved by a two-phase iterative steps, including shape simulation and configuration optimization. Based on our structure designing algorithm, we fabricate the structure with a 3D printer. Hollow cavities and metal materials are embedded into plastic rods to finely adjust their weight. A set of simulation and fabrication results demonstrate the ability of our method to materialize various target shapes.
Auto-generating Bilingual Dictionaries: Results of the TIAD-2017 Shared Task Baseline Algorithm

Inferring a bilingual dictionary L1>L3 given two bilingual dictionaries L1>L2 and L2>L3 is a non-trivial task, as seen in reports of large-scale, computationally-heavy experiments published in recent years (Soderland et al. (2009); Shezaf and Rappoport (2010)). Early works on this (cf. Tanaka and Umemura (1994)) have already noticed that the main obstacle in such inferences stems from the fact that polysemy is not isomorphic across languages, and often a monosemous lexical item in L1 can be polysemous in L2. In this paper, we present a new set of experiments on automatically generating bilingual dictionaries based on existing ones. The data used are a commercial set of bilingual dictionaries with a particular topology when viewed as a graph connecting source and target languages. We ﬁnd that searching for cycles in this graph is an eﬀective method for generating translation inferences, and reﬂect on the impact of the source data’s structure on these results and directions for future research.
Tumor Oxygen Dynamics with Respect to Growth and Respiratory Challenge: Investigation of the Dunning Prostate R3327-HI Tumor1

Abstract Zhao, D. , Constantinescu, A. , Hahn, E. W. and Mason, R. P. Tumor Oxygen Dynamics with Respect to Growth and Respiratory Challenge: Investigation of the Dunning Prostate R3327-HI Tumor. Radiat. Res. 156, 510–520 (2001). We recently described a novel approach to measuring regional tumor oxygen tension using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance echo planar imaging relaxometry (FREDOM) of hexafluorobenzene. We have now applied this technique to evaluate in detail the oxygen tension dynamics in the relatively slowly growing, moderately well-differentiated Dunning prostate R3327 HI rat tumor with respect to tumor growth and respiratory challenge. Seven individual tumors were assessed repeatedly over a period of 5 weeks (∼4 volume doubling times). For small tumors (<1 cm3), the mean pO2 ranged from 28 to 44 Torr under baseline conditions, decreasing to less than 10 Torr when the tumors reached 5 to 6 cm3, with a strong inverse correlation between the baseline tumor oxygen tension and the tumor size. The hypoxic fraction (defined as the percentage of the voxels with pO2 <10 Torr) increased significantly with tumor growth. Administration of oxygen or carbogen produced a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in tumor oxygenation at all stages of tumor growth. Most interestingly, even regions of these tumors that were initially poorly oxygenated responded rapidly, and significantly, to respiratory intervention, in contrast to the behavior of the faster-growing rat prostate tumors investigated previously.
The Design of a Thermoelectric Generator and Its Medical Applications

Growing energy demands are driving people to generate power in every possible way. New energy sources are needed to plug the energy gap. There is a growing interest in distributed energy generation due to its remarkable advantages such as flexibility, reliability, adaptability and minimal transmission losses. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are one such distributed power source that relies on thermal energy for electricity generation. The current review focusses on the design and optimization of TEGs to maximize the power output from the available thermal sources. The basic principle of thermoelectricity generation and suitable architecture for specific applications are explained with an overview of materials and manufacturing processes. Various cooling techniques to dissipate heat from the cold side and their influence on overall efficiency are reviewed in this work. Applications of TEGs for powering biomedical sensors have been discussed in detail. Recent advancements in TEGs for various implantable devices and their power requirements are evaluated. The exploitation of TEGs to generate power for wearable sensors has been presented, along with published experimental data. It is envisioned that this study will provide profound knowledge on TEG design for specific applications, which will be helpful for future endeavours.
FIRST DRAFT { PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE The Impact of Regional Income Inequality on Life Satisfaction: Does the Cohesion Policy Push the Right Buttons?

This paper analyses the eect of interregional income inequality within countries on individual life satisfaction. We use data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey containing approximately 86,000 observations from 1981 to 2008. Interregional income inequality is measured by the population-weighted coecient of variation of regional GDP per capita. We nd that higher regional inequality leads to lower life satisfaction in OECD countries. In non-OECD countries, we nd no signicant eects. This may be related to the higher dynamics of interregional inequality in middle and low income countries, where people still hope to participate in income increases in the future, while regional inequality is persistent in high income countries.
Extremes of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, ENSO and equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation

It is well known that anomalies of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) are linked to El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that large anomalies of the ISMR are also linked to the Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO) between states with enhancement/suppression of atmospheric convection over the western part of the equatorial Indian Ocean with suppression/enhancement over the eastern part and associated changes in the anomaly of the zonal wind along the equator. EQUINOO is the atmospheric component of the coupled Indian Ocean Dipole mode. There is a strong relation between the large anomalies of ISMR and a composite index which is a linear combination of the indices for ENSO and EQUINOO with all seasons with large deficits (excess) characterized by small (large) values of the index. However, the variation of ISMR within one standard deviation is more complex and does not appear to be related to the composite index.
Fast Imaging in the Dark by using Convolutional Network

While fast imaging in low-light condition is crucial for surveillance and robot applications, it is still a formidable challenge to resolve the seemingly inevitable high noise level and low photon count issues. A variety of image enhancement methods such as de-blurring and de-noising have been proposed in the past. However, limitations can still be found in these methods under extreme low-light condition. To overcome such difficulty, a learning-based image enhancement approach is proposed in this paper. In order to support the development of learning-based methodology, we collected a new low-lighting dataset (<0.1 lux) of raw short-exposure (6.67 ms) images, as well as the corresponding long-exposure reference images. Based on such dataset, we develop a light-weight convolutional network structure which is involved with fewer parameters and has lower computation cost compared with a regular-size network. The presented work is expected to make possible the implementation of more advanced edge devices, and their applications.
Forecasting South African house prices

Extracted from text . Forecasting South African house prices Investment Analysts Journal - No. 64 2006 27 Forecasting South African house prices 1. INTRODUCTION* Property analysts are continuously speculating as to whether the current boom in the South African residential property market is, in essence, an impending bubble waiting to burst. A repeat of the crash that befell the market during the early 1980s is feared. Nevertheless, the general consensus is that a downward correction or, at the very least, a stabilization of the house prices is inevitable as the affordability of housing decreases. However, the exact timing of this correction is unknown, .
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: recent triumphs and remaining challenges

Over the last 20 years, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has changed from being an experimental procedure to one that is carried out in specialized diagnostic centers worldwide. Genetic awareness and the rapid identification of germline mutations or chromosomal abnormalities enable individuals to know their risk of transmitting a genetic disease before they have children. This has created a demand for PGD from couples who wish to avoid terminations of affected pregnancies. Although PGD is expensive because it requires couples to go through IVF, there is a trend for diagnosis to move towards automation, which will reduce cost and the need for specialized expertise. This will allow diagnosis to be carried out in routine molecular diagnostic laboratories.
Volume of blood submitted for culture from neonates

We prospectively examined 298 sets (298 aerobic, 299 anaerobic, and 73 resin cultures) of blood cultures from 161 critically ill newborns. The attending physicians were unaware of the study. The mean blood volume per patient (aerobic and anaerobic) was 1.05 (range, 0.11 to 3.04) ml. The mean blood volume per aerobic bottle was 0.53 (range, 0.01 to 1.90) ml. Among aerobic samples 2.7% were less than or equal to 0.1 ml, 16% were less than or equal to 0.3 ml, 33% were less than or equal to 0.4 ml, and 55% were less than or equal to 0.5 ml. For anaerobic cultures the mean blood volume was 0.52 (range, 0.01 to 1.79) ml. Among anaerobic samples 2.7% were less than or equal to 0.1 ml, 15% were less than or equal to 0.3 ml, 35% were less than or equal to 0.4 ml, and 58% were less than or equal to 0.5 ml. Blood volume did not correlate with gestational age, chronologic age, or weight. The mean volume of blood submitted in positive cultures was not significantly greater than that in negative cultures. The blood volume used for culture from ill newborns may be inadequate for detecting sepsis, and the adequacy of currently available culture methods needs to be assessed for the small samples submitted from critically ill newborns.
Optimal optical mouse placement for mobile robot velocity estimation

This paper presents the optimal placement of optical mice for the velocity estimation of a mobile robot. It is assumed that there can be some structural restriction on the installation of two or more optical mice at the bottom of a mobile robot. First, the velocity kinematics of a mobile robot equipped with an array o f optical mice is obtained, which maps the velocity of a mobile robot in the world coordinate frame to the velocities of optical mice in their local frames. Second, the error characteristics of the mobile robot velocity estimation using optical mice is represented by the so - called uncertainty ellipsoid, and then the performance index for the optimal optical mouse placement is defined as the inverse of the volume of the uncertainty ellipsoid. Third, the global optimization strategy is stated in terms of the distance to each optical mouse and the geometrical center of optical mice, and the local optimization strategy is stated as the condition of the positional change of each optical mouse leading to the optimal placement. Fourth, simulation results for the optimal placements of three optical mice within a given elliptical region are given.
Networks and Power: Why Networks are Hierarchical Not Flat and What Can Be Done About It

Many scholars, policy makers and practitioners associate new, networked forms of collaboration and governance with positive attributes such as speed, flexibility, adaptability and ‘flatness’. This article contrasts the assumptions that networks essentially moderate external asymmetries of power with the network theoretical view that networks may amplify existing hierarchies. The case study network explored supports the network theoretical view that existing power relations may be increased when a multistakeholder partnership network is established. The use of Social Network Analysis facilitates the comparison of the structures and relationships into which global policy actors are organised (the formal network) with the relationships and relational structures into which they choose to organise themselves (informal network). In the conclusions, I introduce the practice of network rewiring that could overcome the network mechanisms that amplify existing power relations. Further research is required that adds more case study evidence in order to raise (and begin to answer) questions that will give a wider view of the social structuring of power in partnership networks in international development, such as those referred to in the recently-adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance.

Provides a systematic presentation of the economic field of industrial organization, which is concerned with how productive activities are brought into harmony with the demand for goods and services through an organizing mechanism, such as a free market, and how variations and imperfections in the organizing mechanism affect the successful satisfying of an economy's wants. Of the three market mechanisms (tradition, central planning, and free markets), the field of industrial organization deals primarily with the market system approach. This book primarily emphasizes the manufacturing and mineral extraction sectors of industrialized economies, with less discussion of wholesale and retail distribution, services, transportation, and public utilities. Beginning with a discussion of the welfare economics of competition and monopoly, the structure of industries in the U.S. and abroad and their determinants are described, including motives for mergers and their effects. Extended analysis of pricing, product policy, and technological innovation then follows. Antitrust, price fixing, related restraints, structural monopolies, regulation, and price discrimination are examined, as are the complex policies governing pricing relationships between vertically linked firms. The role of advertising in product differentiation and the roles of market structure and product variety are identified. Innovation, patents, and their relation to market structure are explored. Overall, this analysis seeks to identify attributes or variables that influence economic performance and to build theories about the links between these attributes and end performance. (TNM)
The NorWeST Summer Stream Temperature Model and Scenarios for the Western U.S.: A Crowd‐Sourced Database and New Geospatial Tools Foster a User Community and Predict Broad Climate Warming of Rivers and Streams

Thermal regimes are fundamental determinants of aquatic ecosystems, which makes description and prediction of temperatures critical during a period of rapid global change. The advent of inexpensive temperature sensors dramatically increased monitoring in recent decades, and although most monitoring is done by individuals for agency‐specific purposes, collectively these efforts constitute a massive distributed sensing array that generates an untapped wealth of data. Using the framework provided by the National Hydrography Dataset, we organized temperature records from dozens of agencies in the western U.S. to create the NorWeST database that hosts >220,000,000 temperature recordings from >22,700 stream and river sites. Spatial‐stream‐network models were fit to a subset of those data that described mean August water temperatures (AugTw) during 63,641 monitoring site‐years to develop accurate temperature models (r2 = 0.91; RMSPE = 1.10°C; MAPE = 0.72°C), assess covariate effects, and make predictions at 1 km intervals to create summer climate scenarios. AugTw averaged 14.2°C (SD = 4.0°C) during the baseline period of 1993–2011 in 343,000 km of western perennial streams but trend reconstructions also indicated warming had occurred at the rate of 0.17°C/decade (SD = 0.067°C/decade) during the 40 year period of 1976–2015. Future scenarios suggest continued warming, although variation will occur within and among river networks due to differences in local climate forcing and stream responsiveness. NorWeST scenarios and data are available online in user‐friendly digital formats and are widely used to coordinate monitoring efforts among agencies, for new research, and for conservation planning.
Pump Power Reduction in Optical Fiber Amplifier for WDM-Interleaved Multi-Core/Multi-Fiber System

The effect of reducing the pump power in a multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MC-EDFA) designed for a wavelength-division-multiplexing-interleaved multi-core/multi-fiber system is investigated. An analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the pump power ratio of the MC-EDFA and discrete single-core EDFAs, derived by using the analytical EDFA model with an average inversion level, shows a remarkable effect of the pump power reduction in an MC-EDFA when the input signal power or the amplifier gain is small. Experimental results are consistent with the analysis of the pump efficiency. The allowable excess losses of optical components in an MC-EDFA are also investigated by using the analytical expression of an EDFA.
Classification of PolSAR image with non-negative tensor factorization approach

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) is of great importance in the remote sensing, which can be used widely in both civil and military fields. However, existing classification methods cannot effectively utilize the spatial structure information of the SAR data. In this study, a classification method for PolSAR images based on non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) is proposed. The proposed method uses tensor to represent the original data and extract the spacial structure feature by using NTF. Classification results are obtained by using support vector machines (SVM) and the Wishart clustering technology. The results show the validity and accuracy of the proposed method on PolSAR images classification.
Antiwindup design with guaranteed regions of stability: an LMI-based approach

This note addresses the design of antiwindup gains for obtaining larger regions of stability for linear systems with saturating inputs. Considering that a linear dynamic output feedback has been designed to stabilize the linear system (without saturation), a method is proposed for designing an antiwindup gain that maximizes an estimate of the basin of attraction of the closed-loop system. It is shown that the closed-loop system obtained from the controller plus the antiwindup gain can be modeled by a linear system with a deadzone nonlinearity. A modified sector condition is then used to obtain stability conditions based on quadratic Lyapunov functions. Differently from previous works these conditions are directly in linear matrix inequality form. Some numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique when compared with the previous ones.
Gain-Enhanced 60-GHz LTCC Antenna Array With Open Air Cavities

The gain of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) patch antenna arrays operating at 60 GHz is enhanced by introducing open air cavities around their radiating patches. The open air cavities reduce the losses caused by severe surface waves and dielectric substrate at millimeter-wave (mmW) bands. The arrays are excited through either a microstrip-line or stripline feed network with a grounded coplanar-waveguide (GCPW) transition. The GCPW transition is designed so that the antenna can be measured with the patch array facing free space therefore reducing the effect of the probe station on the measurement. The proposed antenna arrays with the open air cavities achieves gain enhancement of 1-2 dB compared to the conventional antenna array without any open air cavity across the impedance bandwidth of about 7 GHz for |S11| ≤ - 10 dB at 60-GHz band.
A Wearable Brain–Computer Interface Instrument for Augmented Reality-Based Inspection in Industry 4.0

This paper proposes a wearable monitoring system for inspection in the framework of Industry 4.0. The instrument integrates augmented reality (AR) glasses with a noninvasive single-channel brain–computer interface (BCI), which replaces the classical input interface of AR platforms. Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) are measured by a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and simple power spectral density analysis. The visual stimuli for SSVEP elicitation are provided by AR glasses while displaying the inspection information. The real-time metrological performance of the BCI is assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve on the experimental data from 20 subjects. The characterization was carried out by considering stimulation times from 10.0 down to 2.0 s. The thresholds for the classification were found to be dependent on the subject and the obtained average accuracy goes from 98.9% at 10.0 s to 81.1% at 2.0 s. An inspection case study of the integrated AR-BCI device shows encouraging accuracy of about 80% of lab values.
Life imitates art: Yojimbo, critical management, and contractors

Organization studies have consistently drawn from literature and film as tools to understand, explain, and analyze organizational phenomena. With that goal in mind, this article illustrates how Yojimbo, a movie by Akira Kurosawa, provides a critical representation of work and organizations as a context for how micro emancipation might be undertaken in contemporary organizational settings. The argument revolves around the claim that contractors might become the newest frontier in the study of both micro emancipation and organizational misconduct. Reinforcing this claim, the article draws heavily from the film Yojimbo and later supplements the argument with a case study focusing on Edward Snowden. This article sets the tone for an emergent area of discussion about contemporary micro emancipation across sectors.
Minimizing Trust Leaks for Robust Sybil Detection

Sybil detection is a crucial task to protect online social networks (OSNs) against intruders who try to manipulate automatic services provided by OSNs to their customers. In this paper, we first discuss the robustness of graph-based Sybil detectors SybilRank and Integro and refine theoretically their security guarantees towards more realistic assumptions. After that, we formally introduce adversarial settings for the graph-based Sybil detection problem and derive a corresponding optimal attacking strategy by exploitation of trust leaks. Based on our analysis, we propose transductive Sybil ranking (TSR), a robust extension to SybilRank and Integro that directly minimizes trust leaks. Our empirical evaluation shows significant advantages of TSR over stateof-the-art competitors on a variety of attacking scenarios on artificially generated data and realworld datasets.