Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kernel Regularized Least Squares : Moving Beyond Linearity and Additivity Without Sacrificing Interpretability

We propose the use of Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) for social science modeling and inference problems. KRLS borrows from machine learning methods designed to solve regression and classification problems without relying on linearity or additivity assumptions. The method constructs a flexible hypothesis space that uses kernels as radial basis functions and finds the best-fitting surface in this space by minimizing a complexity-penalized least squares problem. We argue that the method is well-suited for social science inquiry because it avoids strong parametric assumptions, yet allows interpretation in ways analogous to generalized linear models while also permitting more complex interpretation to examine non-linearities and heterogeneous effects. We also extend the method in several directions to make it more effective for social inquiry, by (1) deriving estimators for the pointwise marginal effects and their variances, (2) establishing unbiasedness, consistency, and asymptotic normality of the KRLS estimator under fairly general conditions, (3) proposing and justifying a simple automated rule for choosing the kernel bandwidth, and (4) providing companion software. We illustrate the use of the method through several simulations and a real-data example. Jens Hainmueller, Department of Political Science, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: jhainm@mit.edu. Chad Hazlett, Department of Political Science, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: hazlett@mit.edu. Authors are listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally. We thank Jeremy Ferwerda, Dominik Hangartner, Lorenzo Rosasco, Marc Ratkovic, Teppei Yamamoto, and participants in seminars at NYU, MIT, the Midwest Political Science Conference, and the European Political Science Association Conference for helpful comments. Companion software written by the authors to implement the methods proposed in this paper in R, Matlab, and Stata can be downloaded at http://www.mit.edu/ jhainm/software.htm. The usual disclaimer applies.
THE POLARITY OF AUXIN TRANSPORT

When cells receive the hormonal directive to proceed with growth, they respond, in the case of stems and coleoptiles, with a polar type of elongation. Similarly, as the hormonal messenger moves through stems and there influences such correlative functions as apical dominance, tropistic growth and rooting, the systemic regulatory function displays a polarity down the stem. From the time of its discovery, auxin has been known to travel through stems and coleoptiles in a polar manner, and this polarity of transport appears to be the basis for the polar influences of auxins on growth and development. The system by which auxin is transported therefore takes on very special significance (a ) as an active transport involving a major hormone, (b) as a dispatching system for a major systemic regulator of growth and development, and (c) as an expression of the basic polarity of the plant cell. In view of its impact on plant growth, it is perplexing that we know so little about how auxin transport is achieved. Some major contributions were made by van der Weij (1932), who established principally that the transport is strongly polar in the basipetal direction, and that it proceeds with a velocity markedly in excess of diffusion. It is now known to have all of the features of an active transport system, including a strong specificity for indoleacetic acid and a very few other auxins, a marked dependence upon metabolic energy, and the ability to apparently transport the auxin against a concentration gradient (Leopold, 1963). The fact that it is an active transport process implies that it involves a transport across some membrane barrier, and recent evidence that auxin transport involves a secretion of auxin out of cells (Hertel & Leopold, 1963) suggests that the pumping of auxin across cross-walls may be a basic element in the polar transport system. An early suggestion was made by Went (1932), and developed further by du Buy and Olson (1940), that auxin transport might be composed of two vectors, a transit across the cytoplasm (perhaps by cytoplasmic streaming), and a transit across the cross-walls of a stem or coleoptile. We would like to develop this model further, utilizing some new measurements of transport parameters in an effort to assign each of the major characteristics of the system to these two components.
Beyond LATE : A Simple Method for Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect with an Instrumental Variable

Political scientists frequently use instrumental variables estimation to estimate the causal effect of an endogenous treatment variable. However, when the treatment effect is heterogeneous, this estimation strategy only recovers the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE). The LATE is an average treatment effect for one subset of the population: units that receive treatment if and only if they are induced by an exogenous instrumental variable. Typically, researchers are interested in the average treatment effect (ATE) for the entire population of interest. In this paper, we highlight the important distinction between these two estimands and develop a simple and intuitive method for estimating the ATE even when treatment effects are heterogeneous. We apply our method to two published experiments in political science in which we demonstrate that the LATE can differ considerably from the ATE.
Connecting reusable software process elements and components

The paper focuses on one particular topic within the realm of software process reuse: namely, the issue of connections among reusable software process elements and components. Such connections can be problematic even in cases where human ingenuity and understanding is counted on entirely to smooth out the connection details while performing the process. However, the difficulties become more severe in cases involving process technology, such as formal representation of processes in a process modeling language, automated analysis and simulation of processes, and automated execution support for processes (aka process-centered environments). The paper addresses the connection issues that arise across all of these cases, particularly including the challenges that process reuse pose to process technology.
LTE: the evolution of mobile broadband

This article provides an overview of the LTE radio interface, recently approved by the 3GPP, together with a more in-depth description of its features such as spectrum flexibility, multi-antenna transmission, and inter-cell interference control. The performance of LTE and some of its key features is illustrated with simulation results. The article is concluded with an outlook into the future evolution of LTE.
Muslim person’s experiences of diabetes during Ramadan: Information for health professionals

This phenomenological study provides an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of Muslim persons with diabetes during Ramadan. The findings facilitate health professionals’ knowledge of the unique needs of these clients during this time. van Manen’s (1990) and Hycner’s (1985) analytical methods assisted in producing the themes: knowing and understanding – being in harmony with the body, knowing its capabilities and limitations and its response to change; controlling – being in charge of diabetes during Ramadan; accepting and recognising – acknowledging diabetes and its impact on fasting during Ramadan; and faith and belief – the courage of conviction.
First detection of endosymbiotic bacteria in biting midges Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus, important Palaearctic vectors of bluetongue virus

Heritable bacteria have been highlighted as important components of vector biology, acting as required symbionts with an anabolic role, altering competence for disease transmission, and affecting patterns of gene flow by altering cross compatibility. In this paper, we tested eight U.K. species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) midge for the presence of five genera of endosymbiotic bacteria: Cardinium (Bacteroidales: Bacteroidaceae); Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae); Spiroplasma (Entomoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae); Arsenophonus (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Cardinium spp. were detected in both sexes of Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus, two known vectors of bluetongue virus. Cardinium spp. were not detected in any other species, including the Culicoides obsoletus group, the main vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses in northern Europe. The other endosymbionts were not detected in any Culicoides species. The Cardinium strain detected in U.K. Culicoides species is very closely related to the Candidatus Cardinium hertigii group C, previously identified in Culicoides species in Asia. Further, we infer that the symbiont is not a sex ratio distorter and shows geographic variation in prevalence within a species. Despite its detection in several species of Culicoides that vector arboviruses worldwide, the absence of Cardinium in the C. obsoletus group suggests that infections of these symbionts may not be necessary to the arboviral vector competence of biting midges.
CUDA lossless data compression algorithms: A comparative study

As data is being produced in an unprecedented rate, lossless data compression has become an important step in data storage and transmission processing as it helps to reduce the resource usage in these fields. However, the current bottlenecks of existing lossless data compression tools causes the compression and decompression process to be very time consuming for large-scale data processing. General purpose computing on graphic processing units (GPUs) introduces new opportunities where parallelism is available and this could be the solution to address the bottlenecks of the data compression. Several parallel lossless data compression algorithms on GPU have been proposed but there isn't much comparative study conducted on the performance among them. This paper examines the existing CUDA lossless data compression algorithms and compares their performance. These CUDA data compression algorithms are evaluated and tested on different datasets of different sizes. The article is concluded by a comparison of these CUDA lossless data compression algorithms from different aspects.
PU.1 Can Recruit BCL6 to DNA To Repress Gene Expression in Germinal Center B Cells

ABSTRACT BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor crucial for germinal center formation. BCL6 represses transcription by a variety of mechanisms by binding to specific DNA sequences or by recruitment to DNA by protein interactions. We found that BCL6 can inhibit activities of the immunoglobulin kappa (Igκ) intron and 3′ enhancers. At the Igκ 3′ enhancer, BCL6 repressed enhancer activity through the PU.1 binding site. We found that BCL6 physically interacted with PU.1 in vivo and in vitro, and the results of sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and transient-expression assays suggested that BCL6 recruitment to the Igκ and Igλ 3′ enhancers occurred via PU.1 interaction. By computational studies, we identified genes that are repressed in germinal center cells and whose promoters contain conserved PU.1 binding sites in mouse and human. We found that many of these promoters bound to both PU.1 and BCL6 in vivo. In addition, BCL6 knockdown resulted in increased expression of a subset of these genes, demonstrating that BCL6 is involved in their repression. The recruitment of BCL6 to promoter regions by PU.1 represents a new regulatory mechanism that expands the number of genes regulated by this important transcriptional repressor.
Current control with fast transient for three-phase AC/DC boost converters

This letter introduces a new synchronous reference frame hysteresis control of a three-phase ac/dc boost converter that is demonstrated to have excellent transient behavior when compared with previous fast methods based on regular proportional plus integral control with cross-coupling terms. Finally, the control software program and a comparison of results are shown.
The Era of the Functional Consumer

ABSTRACT A discrete choice experiment was conducted to analyze consumer preferences for fruit and vegetable attributes in the context of the 2010 MyPlate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations and to consider the role of health benefits and potential tradeoffs among fruit and vegetable quantity and quality attributes. Higher willingness to pay for fruit and vegetable attributes by the medium-high income respondents compared to low-income respondents may reflect the reality of a greater ability to pay. The magnitude of WTP toward satisfying MyPlate recommendations is substantially below the cost; therefore, it is not surprising that current consumption levels are well below the recommendation. Organic products had a stigmatizing effect for low-income respondents.
Study of impulse control disorders among women presenting nicotine dependence

Objective. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) include intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, trichotillomania, pyromania and pathological gambling. Several studies have showed an association between ICDs and alcohol use disorders. The rate of co-occurrence ICDs and nicotine dependence has never been investigated. We thus assessed the frequency of all ICDs in a population of nicotine-dependent women compared to non-smoking women. We also checked criteria of two other impulsive behaviours, compulsive buying and bulimia. Methods. Five hundred consecutive patients were assessed by a general practitioner in Paris (France). One hundred and twenty-seven women presenting the DSM-IV-R criteria for nicotine dependence were included. They were compared to 127 women consulting the same practitioner but who did not smoke. Diagnosis of ICD (pyromania, kleptomania, trichotillomania, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling) and of bulimia was based on DSM-IV criteria and a modified version of the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (MIDI). Diagnosis of compulsive buying was made with the McElroy et al. criteria and a specific questionnaire. Cigarette smoking was studied using the Fagerström questionnaire and the DSM-IV-R criteria for nicotine dependence. Alcohol use disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV-R criteria for dependence and the CAGE and the MAST questionnaires. Results. Thirteen patients presented trichotillomania, 22 explosive intermittent disorder and 12 pathological gambling. All these diagnoses were equally frequent in the nicotine-positive and nicotine-negative groups. We found no case of pyromania. Compulsive buying was the most frequent impulse control disorder. It was significantly more frequent in the nicotine-positive group than in the nicotine-negative group (58 vs. 39 cases, P=0.01). Scores of the compulsive buying scale were higher in the nicotine-positive group (4.07 vs. 2.9, P=0.01). None of the patients presented an association of two or more ICDs. Patients from the nicotine-positive group drunk higher quantities of alcohol each day, consumed alcohol more frequently each week and were more often intoxicated each week with alcohol. Their mean MAST scores of alcohol abuse disorders were higher. Conclusion. A total of 45.6% of the nicotine-dependent women presented compulsive buying and 23.6% bulimia. Compulsive buying was significantly more frequent among nicotine-dependent subjects than controls. Other impulse control disorders were as frequent among nicotine-dependent women as in controls. A total of 8.6% presented explosive intermittent disorder, 4.7% pathological gambling and 5% trichotillomania. Nicotine dependence in women was also associated with a higher level of alcohol consumption. These results indicate the possible need to systematically screen nicotine-dependent women, regardless of their motivation for consultation, for alcohol dependence, bulimia and compulsive buying.
{S-Benzyl 3-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl-κN)methylidene]dithiocarbazato-κ2 N 3,S}zinc

The title compound, [Zn(C15H14N3S2)2], contains two chemically equivalent Schiff base anions that are coordinated to the ZnII ion as tridentate N,N′,S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octahedral environment [the smallest angle being 75.40 (6)° and the widest angle being 162.87 (6)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 85.65 (5)°. Weak C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are also observed.
The Market Microstructure Linkages of Emerging Options Market and Stock Market

The theory of options pricing portends that option prices are derived from the underlying asset prices and their price can only be discovered after the price of the underlying asset is known in the frictionless market. The frictions like information asymmetry would mean that the informed could either trade their information in options market or in stock markets. In such a situation, the options market would send cues for the stock market. The major theoretical contention is, therefore, do the underlying asset prices have information for the price discovery of options? On the contrary, do options prices have information for the underlying asset? These questions are previously researched and apparently compelling evidence is found on both sides of the divide. Besides, the lead-lag relationships between both markets are of immense significance given the participants’ ability to garner private information and find suitable avenues for investing. Therefore, it is only germane to research this question. The present paper attempts to explore the micro-structural linkages in terms of information links, inventory-based links and hedging-based links between options markets and stock markets by putting all the arguments in perspective with an emerging market context. The results of the present study suggest that the options markets in India have information for stock market, while stock market has little information for options market. The present study finds evidence that support hedging-based links between the options and stock market, while the results are weak for inventory control.
A system for automated iris recognition

This paper describes a prototype system for personnel verification based on automated iris recognition. The motivation for this endeavour stems from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric measurement. In particular, it is known in the biomedical community that irises are as distinct as fingerprints or patterns of retinal blood vessels. Further, since the iris is an overt body its appearance is amenable to remote examination with the aid of a computer vision system. The body of this paper details the design and operation of such a system. Also presented are the results of an empirical study where the system exhibits flawless performance in the evaluation of 520 iris images. <<ETX>>
Wideband Single-Feed Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With Conical Radiation Pattern

In this letter, a wideband single-feed circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna having conical radiation pattern is presented. The proposed CP patch antenna has a lower notched circular patch with a capacitive feeding and an upper parasitic notched patch. The antenna has a common 3-dB axial ratio and 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 10%.
Oxygen 93: a new option for European hospitals.

lance of a few indicators through manual sampling in a limited number of patients (neuromuscular monitoring) and several more by SQL extraction in a sustained and short timeconsuming way through the years for all patients. Manual extraction was time-consuming and necessitated excessive workload and might not be viable in the long run, SQL extraction was very difficult to acquire in the initial phase since each query necessitated a manual validation/verification of the results in a very small number of patients for a short period of time. This procedure was necessary in order to avoid duplicate data; however, once the query was checked and validated, SQL extraction was highly reproducible through the years necessitating minimum time and human resources. Nevertheless, it required competent personnel to handle database results. Based on our experience, we suggest several possible areas of improvement using AIMS for quality assurance data:
Study of Underwater Channel Estimation Based on Different Node Placement in Shallow Water

Acoustic underwater sensor network (UWSN) is important in terms of business and for military applications. Optimum UWSN design provides a reliable connection with maximum connectivity, minimal multipath, low technical cost, and emphasis on energy conservation. This paper examines the channel estimation parameters, such as channel impulse response, coherence bandwidth, BER due to delay for differentially detected MSK receiver, and transmission loss impact of underwater node placement in three scenarios (ground-based, buoys-based, and horizontal point-to-point sensor node). All data (bathymetry, altimetry, temperature, salinity, and depth) are real and have been sourced from different satellite databases. The case study of this paper is the Desaru beach in the eastern shore of Johor Bahru in Malaysia. In this investigation, Acoustics Toolbox of BELLHOP through MATLAB and mathematical analyzing method has been utilized. As a result, this paper indicates the maximum received power, and the lowest delay time characteristics and TL belong to horizontal point-to-point scenario; moreover, the ground-based scenario has the highest delay time and maximum coherence bandwidth among three scenarios.
Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of Anolis carolinensis, I: Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Abstract The inhibitory amino-acid neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was localized in the pure cone retina of the lizard Anolis carolinensis by autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques. Uptake of [3H]-GABA labeled horizontal cells, amacrine cells, numerous cells in the ganglion cell layer, both plexiform layers, and the nerve fiber layer. Label in the inner plexiform layer showed distinct lamination. The pattern of GABA immunoreactivity was similar to the pattern of [3H]-GABA uptake, although some differences, particularly in labeling of amacrine and ganglion cells, were observed. Immunocytochemistry revealed endogenous stores of GABA in a set of horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and cells in the ganglion cell layer. Both plexiform layers were labeled by the GABA antisera. Labeling in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) was highly stratified and GABA-immunoreactive strata were present in both sublaminae a and b. Six subtypes of conventionally placed GABA-immunoreactive amacrine cells and one displaced amacrine cell subtype were identified. Three of the six conventional amacrine cell subtypes were of pyriform morphology and three subtypes were of multipolar morphology. GABA-immunoreactive interstitial cells also were observed. Under certain conditions the GABA antiserum labeled the cones. Etching the resin eliminated cone labeling, suggesting that GABA in the cones is present in a labile pool, unlike GABA in horizontal or amacrine cells, or the observed labeling was not due to endogenous GABA. Cones did not demonstrate [3H]-GABA uptake.
Security and Privacy in Mobile Ad hoc Social Networks

In this chapter, first, the authors briefly introduce the two new systems “MASN-OLSR” (Mobile Ad Hoc Social Networks with OLSR) and “MASN-AODV” (Mobile Ad Hoc Social Networks with AODV). Then they choose wormhole and black hole attack methods, because they are not completely solved, especially in a setting where MASN is used as OLSR or AODV routing protocol. The authors give a definition of the wormhole and black hole attacks on an ad hoc network using OLSR or AODV as routing protocol and then examine the various existing proposals in the literature to overcome this attack. With an analysis of these methods, they then determine the advantages and disadvantages of each of these new systems.