Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentrating on the Fall of the Labor Share

The recent fall of labor's share of GDP in numerous countries is well-documented, but its causes are poorly understood. We sketch a "superstar firm" model where industries are increasingly characterized by "winner take most" competition, leading a small number of highly profitable (and low labor share) firms to command growing market share. Building on Autor et al. (2017), we evaluate and confirm two core claims of the superstar firm hypothesis: the concentration of sales among firms within industries has risen across much of the private sector; and industries with larger increases in concentration exhibit a larger decline in labor's share.
A Genome Scan for Positive Selection in Thoroughbred Horses

Thoroughbred horses have been selected for exceptional racing performance resulting in system-wide structural and functional adaptations contributing to elite athletic phenotypes. Because selection has been recent and intense in a closed population that stems from a small number of founder animals Thoroughbreds represent a unique population within which to identify genomic contributions to exercise-related traits. Employing a population genetics-based hitchhiking mapping approach we performed a genome scan using 394 autosomal and X chromosome microsatellite loci and identified positively selected loci in the extreme tail-ends of the empirical distributions for (1) deviations from expected heterozygosity (Ewens-Watterson test) in Thoroughbred (n = 112) and (2) global differentiation among four geographically diverse horse populations (FST). We found positively selected genomic regions in Thoroughbred enriched for phosphoinositide-mediated signalling (3.2-fold enrichment; P<0.01), insulin receptor signalling (5.0-fold enrichment; P<0.01) and lipid transport (2.2-fold enrichment; P<0.05) genes. We found a significant overrepresentation of sarcoglycan complex (11.1-fold enrichment; P<0.05) and focal adhesion pathway (1.9-fold enrichment; P<0.01) genes highlighting the role for muscle strength and integrity in the Thoroughbred athletic phenotype. We report for the first time candidate athletic-performance genes within regions targeted by selection in Thoroughbred horses that are principally responsible for fatty acid oxidation, increased insulin sensitivity and muscle strength: ACSS1 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1), ACTA1 (actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle), ACTN2 (actinin, alpha 2), ADHFE1 (alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1), MTFR1 (mitochondrial fission regulator 1), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4) and TNC (tenascin C). Understanding the genetic basis for exercise adaptation will be crucial for the identification of genes within the complex molecular networks underlying obesity and its consequential pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we propose Thoroughbred as a novel in vivo large animal model for understanding molecular protection against metabolic disease.
An Interactive Relevance Feedback Interface for Evidence-Based Health Care

We design, implement and evaluate EpistAid, an interactive relevance feedback system to support physicians towards a more efficient citation screening process for Evidence Based Health Care (EBHC). The system combines a relevance feedback algorithm with an interactive interface inspired by Tinder-like swipe interaction. To evaluate its efficiency and effectiveness in the citation screening process we conducted a user study with real users (senior medicine students) using a large EBHC dataset (Epistemonikos), with around 400,000 documents. We compared two relevance feedback algorithms, Rocchio and BM25-based. The combination of Rocchio relevance feedback with the document visualization yielded the best recall and F-1 scores, which are the most important metrics for EBHC document screening. In terms of cognitive demand and effort, BM25 relevance feedback without visualization was perceived as needing more physical and cognitive effort. EpistAid has the potential of improving the process for answering clinical questions by reducing the time needed to classify documents, as well as promoting user interaction. Our results can inform the development of intelligent user interfaces for screening research articles in the clinical domain and beyond.
Decreasing ALT donor site morbidity with the keystone flap

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a workhorse flap for a variety of wounds. The primary disadvantage of ALT flaps is donor site morbidity associated with large skin paddle defects. We present a strategy of managing the donor site with the Keystone flap to avoid skin grafts in cases where primary closure is not possible.
A qualitative exploration of chiropractic and physiotherapy teachers' experiences and conceptualizations of the educational environment.

OBJECTIVE There has been increasing scholarly interest in the role of environments in health care professional education, and the value of these has been widely acknowledged as an influential factor in educational quality. However, little is known about how teachers experience the environment, and there is a recognizable absence of a perspective from chiropractic and physiotherapy faculties. The aim of this study was to explore and contrast chiropractic and physiotherapy teachers' experiences and conceptualizations of the meaning of the educational environment. METHODS In this qualitative study, we performed semistructured interviews with 14 teachers, purposefully selected to obtain richness, variation, and breadth in the data. The data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The most noteworthy findings were, first, that chiropractic teachers experienced the meaning of the environment as motivating a vocational practice and modeling ideal, supporting and managing stressed students, and including students in the community of chiropractors. Physiotherapy teachers experienced the meaning of the environment as putting the pedagogical vision into practice, balancing students' expectations, and providing the prerequisites to grow within the profession. Second, both groups of teachers held common conceptualizations of the constituents of the environment as physical, organizational, relational, communicational, and pedagogical; however, they attached different connotations to these dimensions. CONCLUSION The findings conveyed a variance in the experience of the meaning of the educational environment that can be attributed to contextual and cultural differences.
Atezolizumab in platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: post-progression outcomes from the phase II IMvigor210 study

Background Conventional criteria for tumor progression may not fully reflect the clinical benefit of immunotherapy or appropriately guide treatment decisions. The phase II IMvigor210 study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab, a programmed death-ligand 1-directed antibody, in patients with platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Patients could continue atezolizumab beyond Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 progression at the investigator's discretion: this analysis assessed post-progression outcomes in these patients. Patients and methods Patients were treated with atezolizumab 1200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks until loss of clinical benefit. Efficacy and safety outcomes in patients who experienced RECIST v1.1 progression and did, or did not, continue atezolizumab were analyzed descriptively. Results In total, 220 patients who experienced progression from the overall cohort (n = 310) were analyzed: 137 continued atezolizumab for ≥ 1 dose after progression, 19 received other systemic therapy, and 64 received no further systemic therapy. Compared with those who discontinued, patients continuing atezolizumab beyond progression were more likely to have had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 (43.1% versus 31.3%), less likely to have had baseline liver metastases (27.0% versus 41.0%), and more likely to have had an initial response to atezolizumab (responses in 11.7% versus 1.2%). Five patients (3.6%) continuing atezolizumab after progression had subsequent responses compared with baseline measurements. Median post-progression overall survival was 8.6 months in patients continuing atezolizumab, 6.8 months in those receiving another treatment, and 1.2 months in those receiving no further treatment. Atezolizumab exposure-adjusted adverse event frequencies were generally similar before and following progression. Conclusion In this single-arm study, patients who continued atezolizumab beyond RECIST v1.1 progression derived prolonged clinical benefit without additional safety signals. Identification of patients most likely to benefit from atezolizumab beyond progression remains an important challenge in the management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02108652.
An Analytical Task Assignment Model in Wireless Sensor Actor Networks

In this paper, an analytical model for assigning tasks to the actors is presented. The model is based on queuing networks and tries to minimize the network make-span in wireless sensor and actor networks. To achieve this goal, through a steady state analysis of the proposed model to solve equations and inequalities, the best distribution rates of tasks to the actors are calculated. It is shown that this distribution rate can enhance the total residual energies of the actor nodes, too. Experimental results on a typical scenario have shown the superiority of the proposed model in terms of minimizing make-span and enlargement of residual energies of actors compared to the stochastic allocation of tasks to the actors.
Novel Anticoagulant Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism: Current Status and Future Directions

The first-line treatment of venous thromboembolisms (VTE) is anticoagulant therapy, and unfractionated heparin and warfarin are used in Japan. However, as both drugs require dosage adjustments that are difficult, VTE recurrences occur relatively frequently, and hemorrhagic complications are extremely common. The parenteral factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux and the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban have recently become available as treatments for VTE in Japan. These novel anticoagulants have more stable effects than traditional therapies and are thus considered safer and more effective than the traditional agents. Especially, DOACs offer improved long-term prevention of recurrence in patients with unprovoked VTE. The initiation of DOAC monotherapy soon after VTE onset leads to shorter hospital stays than required with the older therapies and allows for outpatient treatment. DOACs have additional benefits, such as safer anticoagulant therapy for cancer patients. These novel anticoagulants are extremely promising, but there is a current lack of evidence in areas such as dosing regimens for highly vulnerable patients and dosing for long-term use, and alternative regimens for each DOAC.
Tool-supported Interactive Correction and Semantic Annotation of Narrative Clinical Reports

Summary Objectives: Our main objective is to design a method of, and supporting software for, interactive correction and semantic annotation of narrative clinical reports, which would allow for their easier and less erroneous processing outside their original context: first, by physicians unfamiliar with the original language (and possibly also the source specialty), and second, by tools requiring structured information, such as decision-support systems. Our additional goal is to gain insights into the process of narrative report creation, including the errors and ambiguities arising therein, and also into the process of report annotation by clinical terms. Finally, we also aim to provide a dataset of ground-truth transformations (specific for Czech as the source language), set up by expert physicians, which can be reused in the future for subsequent analytical studies and for training automated transformation procedures. Methods: A three-phase preprocessing method has been developed to support secondary use of narrative clinical reports in electronic health record. Narrative clinical reports are narrative texts of healthcare documentation often stored in electronic health records. In the first phase a narrative clinical report is token- ized. In the second phase the tokenized clinical report is normalized. The normalized clinical report is easily readable for health professionals with the knowledge of the language used in the narrative clinical report. In the third phase the normalized clinical report is enriched with extracted structured information. The final result of the third phase is a semi-structured normalized clinical report where the extracted clinical terms are matched to codebook terms. Software tools for interactive correction, expansion and semantic annotation of narrative clinical reports has been developed and the three- phase preprocessing method validated in the cardiology area. Results: The three-phase preprocessing method was validated on 49 anonymous Czech narrative clinical reports in the field of cardiology. Descriptive statistics from the database of accomplished transformations has been calculated. Two cardiologists participated in the annotation phase. The first cardiologist annotated 1500 clinical terms found in 49 narrative clinical reports to codebook terms using the classification systems ICD 10, SNOMED CT, LOINC and LEKY. The second cardiologist validated annotations of the first cardiologist. The correct clinical terms and the codebook terms have been stored in a database. Conclusions: We extracted structured information from Czech narrative clinical reports by the proposed three-phase preprocessing method and linked it to electronic health records. The software tool, although generic, is tailored for Czech as the specific language of electronic health record pool under study. This will provide a potential etalon for porting this approach to dozens of other less- spoken languages. Structured information can support medical decision making, quality assurance tasks and further medical research.
Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

Aims This European Association Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) Expert Consensus document aims at defining the main quantitative information on cardiac structure and function that needs to be included in standard echocardiographic report following recent ASE/EACVI chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations. The document focuses on general reporting and specific pathological conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery and valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and systemic diseases. Methods and results Demographic data (age, body surface area, blood pressure, and heart rhythm and rate), type (vendor and model) of ultrasound system used and image quality need to be reported. In addition, measurements should be normalized for body size. Reference normal values, derived by ASE/EACVI recommendations, shall always be reported to differentiate normal from pathological conditions. This Expert Consensus document suggests avoiding the surveillance of specific variable using different ultrasound techniques (e.g. in echo labs with high expertise in left ventricular ejection fraction by 3D and not by 2D echocardiography). The report should be also tailored in relation with different cardiac pathologies, quality of images, and needs of the caregivers. Conclusion The conclusion should be concise reflecting the status of left ventricular structure and function, the presence of left atrial and/or aortic dilation, right ventricular dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension, leading to an objective communication with the patient health caregiver. Variation over time should be considered carefully, taking always into account the consistency of the parameters used for comparison.
U2AF1 mutation variants in myelodysplastic syndromes and their clinical correlates

John Ogden, Jennifer Yui, Walid Ali, Mythri Mudireddy , Aref Al-Kali, Mrinal Patnaik , Naseema Gangat , Michelle Elliott , William Hogan, Christopher Hook, Alexandra Wolanskyj-Spinner, Animesh Pardanani, Hector Villarraga, Mark Litzow, Ayalew Tefferi , Kebede Begna Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Effect of fluoride-releasing resin composite in white spot lesions prevention: a single-centre, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial

Introduction The objective of this two-arm split-mouth randomized trial, was to evaluate the ability of fluoride-releasing resin composite to prevent demineralization and white spot lesion (WSL) formation, during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods Patients needing comprehensive orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated into two groups, according to the half split-mouth technique. This trial examined a total of 300 teeth in each group: the control group, in which brackets were fixed with a non-fluoride-containing adhesive resin; and the intervention group, in which brackets were fixed with a fluoride-containing adhesive resin. Eligibility criteria included Class I malocclusion in the permanent dentition, adequate oral hygiene and no missing teeth, active caries, enamel demineralization, fluorosis staining, or heavy restorations. The primary outcome was the formation of WSLs. Randomization was achieved using a computer-generated random number table; blinding of the patients, assessor, orthodontist and data analysist were achieved. The patients were followed for twelve months, during which time their teeth were checked every three months. To investigate the differences in frequencies and ranks of demineralization and WSL formation between the two groups, odds ratios were computed using mixed modelling (to compensate for the clustered nature of the data) with intervention as a fixed effect and patient as a random effect. Results Thirty-four patients (ages, 13-25 years; mean age, 17.6) were randomized into a 1:1 ratio, though four patients dropped out before the start of the treatment. The percentage of the teeth showing the effects of demineralization and WSL formation, increased from 6.3% to 15% for the control group after three and twelve months, respectively, and from 3% to 16.3% for the study group, after three to twelve months, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups and no interaction between time and treatment group in the visual inspections (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.52, 1.21), in DIAGNOdent examinations (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.43, 1.06), or in photographic images (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.46, 1.11). No serious harm was observed during the trial. Limitations This trial was a single-centre trial, and treatment was carried out by one orthodontist. Conclusions Fluoride-containing resin adhesive does not have the desired preventive effect to prevent demineralization and WSL formation, during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. Registration and Protocol This randomized trial was not registered, and the protocol was not published before patient recruitment. Funding The University of Damascus funded this trial.
Self‐modulation in nonlinear electrical circuits presenting jump resonance and variable inertial damping

This study examines the appearance of self‐modulation in nonlinear electrical circuits presenting the jump resonance phenomenon and variable inertial damping. The oscillations envelope is a slow forced oscillation, periodic or non‐periodic, its character being determined by the environmental influence on the damping factor. The results of this experimental study were obtained by numerical simulation and experiment and confirm the initial theoretical considerations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and classification of upper limb motions using PCA

Abstract: This paper describes the utility of principal component analysis (PCA) in classifying upper limb signals. PCA is a powerful tool for analyzing data of high dimension. Here, two different input strategies were explored. The first method uses upper arm dual-position-based myoelectric signal acquisition and the other solely uses PCA for classifying surface electromyogram (SEMG) signals. SEMG data from the biceps and the triceps brachii muscles and four independent muscle activities of the upper arm were measured in seven subjects (total dataset=56). The datasets used for the analysis are rotated by class-specific principal component matrices to decorrelate the measured data prior to feature extraction.
A WRKY Transcription Factor Regulates Fe Translocation under Fe Deficiency1[OPEN]

A WRKY transcription factor promotes root-to-shoot Fe translocation under Fe deficiency via direct regulation of a vacuolar Fe transporter gene in Arabidopsis. Iron (Fe) deficiency affects plant growth and development, leading to reduction of crop yields and quality. Although the regulation of Fe uptake under Fe deficiency has been well studied in the past decade, the regulatory mechanism of Fe translocation inside the plants remains unknown. Here, we show that a WRKY transcription factor WRKY46 is involved in response to Fe deficiency. Lack of WRKY46 (wrky46-1 and wrky46-2 loss-of-function mutants) significantly affects Fe translocation from root to shoot and thus causes obvious chlorosis on the new leaves under Fe deficiency. Gene expression analysis reveals that expression of a nodulin-like gene (VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER1-LIKE1 [VITL1]) is dramatically increased in wrky46-1 mutant. VITL1 expression is inhibited by Fe deficiency, while the expression of WRKY46 is induced in the root stele. Moreover, down-regulation of VITL1 expression can restore the chlorosis phenotype on wrky46-1 under Fe deficiency. Further yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that WRKY46 is capable of binding to the specific W-boxes present in the VITL1 promoter. In summary, our results demonstrate that WRKY46 plays an important role in the control of root-to-shoot Fe translocation under Fe deficiency condition via direct regulation of VITL1 transcript levels.
Portable Raman spectrometer and its application in Shoushan stone detection

Since Shoushan stone has many varieties,the identification and classification becomes a major problem.This paper studies the feasibility of using portable Raman spectrometer for detection of Shoushan stone.By using a homemade portable Raman spectrometer based on Czerny-Turner structure and TE cooled linear CCD detector,we test different kinds of Shoushan stones,discuss the attribution of the Raman peaks and classify the samples into two categories.The results show that the homemade portable Raman spectrometer can distinguish the main categories very well.By using aportable Raman device,Shoushan stones can be quickly detected and identified.