Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Human Age, Group Composition, and Behavior on the Likelihood of Being Injured by Attacking Pumas

ABSTRACT Documentation from the years 1890 to 2000 of 185 instances of pumas (Puma concolor) attacking humans in the United States and Canada has provided statistical evidence that pumas are less likely to kill or injure humans in certain circumstances. We identified incidents of fatal attacks, severe injuries, light injuries, and no injuries as a function of human age class, group size, body posture, and conspicuous action, such as noise making, running, or shooting. Ordinal multinomial regression revealed that age class (< 13 years old vs. older) was not a statistically reliable predictor of attack severity. This statistical method also revealed that there was no reliable association between the number of individuals present during the attack and attack severity. Nevertheless, examination of specific attack outcomes indicated that the likelihood of escaping injury increased when two or more people were present. The speed that individuals moved during the attack did not predict attack severity, but it was apparent that the lowest likelihood of escaping injury (26%) and greatest frequency of severe injuries (43%) occurred when individuals remained stationary. In contrast, half of the individuals who ran when they were attacked escaped injury, whereas running was associated with only a small increase in the frequency of fatal attacks (28%), compared with remaining stationary (23%). Evidence that half of the individuals who ran escaped injury suggests that pumas are assessing immobility in humans as they might with other prey, using it as an index of prey inattention or disablement and hence greater vulnerability.
The Structural Sources of Adventurism: The Case of the California Gold Rush

Adventurism, as a type of risk behavior, is a form of social action having considerable historical and sociological importance and one that has not been adequately studied. As an attempt to define some of the sociological dimensions of adventurism, this study presents an analysis of "adventure" migration to the California gold fields. Through a comparative examination of the social origins of the California argonauts, several conclusions are offered: (1) Social structure influences differentially the amount and king of risk people are willing to take. (2) The tendency to engage in adventurism is directly related to intense status involvement in one's native society. (3) Because it consists of individuated actions taken in pursuit of particularistic goals, adventurism undermines disciplined, organized group activity.
Non-invasive quantification of anti-angiogenic therapy by contrast-enhanced MRI in experimental pancreatic cancer

Background Currently, early changes of tumor vasculature after angiogenesis inhibition can only be evaluated by histopathology, a method not suitable in a clinical setting. Purpose To quantify effects of different angiogenesis inhibitors on the microvasculature of orthotopically implanted pancreatic cancers by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to establish a non-invasive technique for monitoring antiangiogenic cancer treatment. Material and Methods DSL-6A/C1 pancreatic cancers were implanted in the pancreas of 109 Lewis rats. Three weeks later, antiangiogenic treatment was initiated by administration of Bevacizumab (n = 38) or Suramin (n = 27) while the control group (n = 44) remained untreated. Dynamic MRI was performed 24 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after treatment initiation. Fractional tumor plasma volume (fPV, %) and vascular permeability (KPS, mL/min/100 cc) were calculated based on the MRI data by using a pharmacokinetic model. Results Twenty-four hours after the initial dose, a significant decline in KPS was observed in the Bevacizumab group compared to the control and Suramin group (0.002 ± 0.008; 0.057 ± 0.046 and 0.064 ± 0.062 (mean ± SD); P < 0.05). At 1 week, fPV was significantly smaller in Bevacizumab and Suramin treated tumors compared to control tumors (6.25 ± 2.74, 7.47 ± 3.44, and 15.10 ± 9.97, respectively; P < 0.05). Differences in tumor volumes were first observed after 4 weeks of treatment with significantly larger control tumors (4380.3 ± 1590.6 vs. 869.6 ± 717.2 and 1676.5 ± 2524.1 mm3; P < 0.05). Conclusion Dynamic MRI can quantify antiangiogenic effects on tumor microvasculature before changes in tumor volumes are detectable. Thus, this technique is a reasonable addition to morphological MRI and may be applied as an alternative to histopathology.
Tools for Thinking in Sound

oM~ r any music educators have come to realize the usefulness of computers in the music classroom for a myriad of tasks. But given computers' reputation for questionable reliability and high cost, some teachers find themselves asking why they should invest time and money in these complex machines. Perhaps the best response to these concerns is that computers and music technology provide truly unrivaled and powerful ways for students to compose and improvise music. Of all the ways we use computers in music teaching, helping students create music may be the best and most unique thing that computers do. The National Standards for Music Education have once again renewed our commitment to composing and improvising experiences for students of all ages and all backgrounds, continuing a clear thread of interest in creativity in our profession for the last three decades. However, the 1997 National Assessment of Educational Progress in the Arts showed that the
Low-Dose Salmonella Infection Evades Activation of Flagellin-Specific CD4 T Cells1

Many pathogens can establish a lethal infection from relatively small inocula, yet the effect of infectious dose upon CD4 T cell activation is not clearly understood. This issue was examined by tracking Salmonella flagellin-specific SM1 T cells in vivo, after i.v. and oral challenge of mice with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. SM1 T cells rapidly expressed activation markers and expanded in response to high-dose infection but remained completely unresponsive in mice challenged with low doses of Salmonella. SM1 T cells, in these mice, remained unresponsive, despite massive bacterial replication in vivo. Naive SM1 T cells in low-dose Salmonella-infected mice were activated rapidly after the injection of flagellin peptide, demonstrating that these T cells were fully capable of responding, ruling out the possibility of a bacterial-induced suppressive environment. The inability of flagellin-specific SM1 T cells to respond to low-dose infection was not due to Ag down-regulation, because flagellin expression was detected using a functional assay. Together, these data suggest that low-dose Salmonella infection can evade flagellin-specific CD4 T cell activation in vivo.
Outpatient treatment of iatrogenic pneumothorax after needle biopsy.

PURPOSE To evaluate prospectively the feasibility of treating iatrogenic pneumothorax after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the lung with short-term placement of a small-caliber chest tube and to determine whether a 1-hour clamping trial is adequate to identify patients with persistent air leak. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients undergoing FNAB of lung masses over a 28-month period were entered into the study. Patients with symptomatic, enlarging, or greater than 30% pneumothorax were treated with an 8-F chest tube. After 2 hours, the chest tube was clamped, and if the lung remained expanded for an additional hour, the chest tube was removed and the patients were discharged after a brief observation period. Patients were followed up by telephone after 24 hours. RESULTS Three hundred fifteen patients underwent FNAB of the lung. Sixty-eight patients (22%) developed a pneumothorax. Chest tubes were placed in 14 patients (4%): Six patients (2%) required admission to the hospital (four for air leaks), and the other eight patients were treated successfully as outpatients, with removal of the chest tube before discharge the day of FNAB. CONCLUSION Patients who develop clinically important pneumothorax after FNAB can be safely treated with short-term, small-caliber chest tubes and require hospital admission only if they demonstrate evidence of continued air leak.
From Doing To Undoing: Gender as We Know It

This symposium honors the importance of "doing gender" (West and Zim erman 1987) as a conceptual contribution to social th ught. I offer a critique not of the original concept but of how it has come to be used or, as I argue, misused. First, the concept has been so integrated into the sociological lexicon that the implicit feminist critique embedded within it sometimes disappears entirely. Second, the feminist use of doing gender has become so diffuse that we have created a tautology: whatever groups of boys and girls, or men and women, do is a kind of gender. I argue that the language of doing gender ought to be used carefully and that as society changes, we begin to document the ways in which we find boys and girls, women and men, "undoing gender. " Undoing gender is a concept first introduced by Butler (2004) and recently offered with a slightly different twist to Gender & Society readers by Deutsch (2007). I build on Deutsch's work by showing how doing gender research would be improved by more attention to undoing gender. The full incorporation of doing gender as a core concept in sociology has sometimes stripped the concept of the intended feminist implications. I illustrate this with a quote from a Social Forces article by Wilcox and Nock (2006, 1327). They write,
Emotion Processing in Women with Schizophrenia Is Menstrual Cycle Phase and Affective Valence Dependent: An fMRI Study

Despite a large number of functional neuroimaging investigations of emotion processing in schizophrenia, very few have included women. In the present study 21 schizophrenia and 23 healthy women underwent functional MRI (3T) on two occasions (during the follicular and luteal phase of their menstrual cycle) while viewing blocks of emotionally negative, positive and neutral images. During exposure to negatively charged images patients showed relatively less activations than controls during the luteal phase, but no between-group differences were observed during the follicular phase. In contrast, the exposure to positively valenced material produced no significant interaction, but the main effect of group; schizophrenia patients exhibited less activation than healthy controls during both phases of the menstrual cycle. This is the first study demonstrating that atypical neural activations associated with emotion processing in women diagnosed with schizophrenia depend on the menstrual cycle phase and on the affective valence of presented stimuli.
Community Detection Through Optimal Density Contrast of Adjacency Matrix

Detecting communities in real world networks is an important problem for data analysis in science and engineering. By clustering nodes intelligently, a recursive algorithm is designed to detect community. Since the relabeling of nodes does not alter the topology of the network, the problem of community detection corresponds to the finding of a good labeling of nodes so that the adjacency matrix form blocks. By putting a fictitious interaction between nodes, the relabeling problem becomes one of energy minimization, where the total energy of the network is defined by putting interaction between the labels of nodes so that clustering nodes that are in the same community will decrease the total energy. A greedy method is used for the computation of minimum energy. The method shows efficient detection of community in artificial as well as real world network. The result is illustrated in a tree showing hierarchical structure of communities on the basis of sub-matrix density. Applications of the method to weighted and directed networks are discussed.
Being a person-centered therapist and the challenge of working with the emotionally focused therapy model: a case study

This case study will explore the process of therapy offered to a young distressed couple, along with reflections on the ways that process was experienced by a Person Centered Approach therapist (PCA) who added Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to her practice. A brief summary of the EFT model together with its compatibility with PCA philosophy and values is presented along with excerpts from different sessions illustrating the different therapeutic steps involved. The case presentation is followed by a commentary of the therapist’s supervisor.
Substrate Use of Pseudovibrio sp. Growing in Ultra-Oligotrophic Seawater

Marine planktonic bacteria often live in habitats with extremely low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). To study the use of trace amounts of DOM by the facultatively oligotrophic Pseudovibrio sp. FO-BEG1, we investigated the composition of artificial and natural seawater before and after growth. We determined the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), free and hydrolysable amino acids, and the molecular composition of DOM by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR-MS). The DOC concentration of the artificial seawater we used for cultivation was 4.4 μmol C L-1, which was eight times lower compared to the natural oligotrophic seawater we used for parallel experiments (36 μmol C L -1). During the three-week duration of the experiment, cell numbers increased from 40 cells mL-1 to 2x104 cells mL -1 in artificial and to 3x105 cells mL -1 in natural seawater. No nitrogen fixation and minor CO2 fixation (< 1% of cellular carbon) was observed. Our data show that in both media, amino acids were not the main substrate for growth. Instead, FT-ICR-MS analysis revealed usage of a variety of different dissolved organic molecules, belonging to a wide range of chemical compound groups, also containing nitrogen. The present study shows that marine heterotrophic bacteria are able to proliferate with even lower DOC concentrations than available in natural ultra-oligotrophic seawater, using unexpected organic compounds to fuel their energy, carbon and nitrogen requirements.
SPECint95 Performance of an Implementation of the Dynamically Trace Scheduled VLIW Architecture

Dynamically trace scheduled VLIW (DTSVLIW) architectures can be used to implement machines that execute code of current RISC or CISC instruction set architectures in a VLIW fashion, delivering instruction level parallelism with backward code compatibility. This paper presents preliminary SPECint95 performance mesuraments of the DTSVLIW architecture, obtained with a simulator which has been implemented in C.
Investigating Mediated Pathways Between Adult Attachment Patterns and Reported Rates of Absenteeism and Presenteeism

This article investigates associations between attachment patterns and reported rates of absenteeism and presenteeism and tests potential mediators of these relationships. A cross-sectional, self-report survey design was employed whereby 448 adult workers completed a battery of questionnaires. The battery included the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Work Limitations Questionnaire, an absenteeism measure, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, an external affect regulator use questionnaire, and the Job Content Questionnaire. Overall, results of the participant surveys indicate that insecure attachment patterns are positively associated with absenteeism and presenteeism through the mediating effects of negative emotions, external affect regulator use, and isostrain. Implications for work-based supports are discussed.
Intergenerational Roots of Finnish Women’s Sex-atypical Careers

The study investigates background factors influencing the pursuit of sex-atypical careers by Finnish women (N = 235). Adolescents were investigated three times during an 8-year follow-up; the first time when the girls were in the ”nal grade of high school and planning their careers, the second time when they had gained a place either in professional education or at university, and ”nally when they had taken their place in working life. Background information was obtained about parents and grandparents. Recursive models with latent generational family variables were ”tted. Nonagricultural background of the grandparents predicted a somewhat higher education for the parents, which in turn predicted higher academic success in high school leading to an interest in, and the realisation of, sex-atypical careers.
- 1-Reliability Implications of Bias-Temperature Instability in Digital ICs

This paper is a brief overview of reliability concerns due to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) associated mainly with PMOS transistors when they are subjected to negative bias at elevated temperatures and is a summary of reference papers [1] [2] [3] [4]. This paper gives a detailed description of the NBTI mechanism, interface traps and their origin. A reaction diffusion framework for NBTI degradation and recovery process, the effects of NBTI as a major reliability concern in nanometer designs at device level, random logic circuits and SRAM cells are also addressed. Finally, reliability aware circuit design techniques to ensure optimum performance during the entire life time of a circuit are also presented. ___________________________________________________________________
A test of the interacting cognitive subsystems model using a laboratory analogue of depressive interlock

The interacting cognitive subsystems (ICS) model has been described as a useful framework within which to understand a wide variety of psychological phenomena. There is now a small literature of studies that have found support for many of the model's basic features. One feature that has not been studied is depressive interlock, described as uncontrollable, repetitious processing of negative themes. To further test some of the predictions derived from ICS, we compared a group of clinically depressed participants with a non-depressed control group, using a specially designed cognitive task to examine the effects of emotional tone of stimuli on information processing. Results indicated that depression (but not euthymia) is characterized by perseverative responding for both positively and negatively emotionally toned self-related material, but not for similar neutral material. This result is suggested as further empirical support for the ICS framework. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving internal covariate shift in deep learning with linked neurons

This work proposes a novel solution to the problem of internal covariate shift and dying neurons using the concept of linked neurons. We define the neuron linkage in terms of two constraints: first, all neuron activations in the linkage must have the same operating point. That is to say, all of them share input weights. Secondly, a set of neurons is linked if and only if there is at least one member of the linkage that has a non-zero gradient in regard to the input of the activation function. This means that for any input in the activation function, there is at least one member of the linkage that operates in a non-flat and non-zero area. This simple change has profound implications in the network learning dynamics. In this article we explore the consequences of this proposal and show that by using this kind of units, internal covariate shift is implicitly solved. As a result of this, the use of linked neurons allows to train arbitrarily large networks without any architectural or algorithmic trick, effectively removing the need of using re-normalization schemes such as Batch Normalization, which leads to halving the required training time. It also solves the problem of the need for standarized input data. Results show that the units using the linkage not only do effectively solve the aforementioned problems, but are also a competitive alternative with respect to state-of-the-art with very promising results.
EVOKED cOMPOUND actION POtENtIaL ( EcaP ) OF tHE aUDItIVE NErVE rEcOrDED FrOM a GrOUP OF cHILDrEN UsING PULsar cI 100

Received for publication: May 22, 2008. Revised: Jul. 15, 2008. rEZUMat 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 2 Department of ENT, Clinical Hospital of Recovery, Iasi, Romania Correspondence to: Dan V. Martu, 56 Lascar Catargiu Str. , Iasi, Tel. +40-232-212185 Email: danmartu@personal.ro INtrODUctION The recording of the evoked compounded action potential (ECAP) of the cochlear nerve in the case of cochlear implants constitutes an instrument of orientation for establishing the auditory threshold of detection, essential elements in the adjustments of these prosthetic devices in children.1,2 EVOKED cOMPOUND actION POtENtIaL (EcaP) OF tHE aUDItIVE NErVE rEcOrDED FrOM a GrOUP OF cHILDrEN UsING PULsar cI 100 Dan V. Martu1, Sebastian Cozma1, Daniel rusu2, aurel Curca2, laura Ungureanu2, Cristian M. Martu
Abnormal vocal cord movement in patients with and without airway obstruction and asthma symptoms

Abnormal vocal cord movements can cause laryngeal extrathoracic airway obstruction (often called vocal cord dysfunction – VCD) leading to asthma‐like symptoms. These aberrant movements are characteristically present during inspiration and termed paradoxical vocal cord movement (PVCM). We have reported PVCM in up to 40% of severe asthmatics, but it is not known if PVCM is detectable in all patients with asthma‐like symptoms and if the condition is more often associated with abnormal lung function.
Mode-Controlled Tapered Lasers Based on Quantum Dots

Wavelength control of tapered quantum dot (QD) lasers was achieved by adding a distributed Bragg reflector as wavelength-selective element to the devices. The Bragg wavelength of around 920 nm is matched to the gain of the single layer of InGaAs QDs that is used as active material. Devices with 1.4-mm-long tapers have reached output powers of over 1 W, and over 2 W were obtained from lasers with 3-mm-long tapers. The emission of the devices is restricted to a very narrow spectral range, with side-mode suppression ratios of over 40 dB.
Effects of pitavastatin (LIVALO Tablet) on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in hypercholesterolemia.

BACKGROUND Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an important clinical risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins have been known to have a potent HDL-C-elevating effect in addition to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects. METHODS The database of LIVALO effectiveness and safety (LIVES) Study, a large-scale (n=20,279), long-term (104 weeks), prospective post-marketing surveillance of hypercholesterolemic patients treated with pitavastatin, was used to evaluate and analyze effects on plasma lipids, especially focusing on HDL-C. RESULTS Total cholesterol (TC) (-21.0%) and LDL-C (-31.3%) were significantly reduced. The decrease in triglyceride (TG) was significant in hypertriglyceridemic patients. HDL-C was elevated by 5.9% and 24.6% in all and in patients with low HDL-C levels (less than 40 mg/dL) at baseline, respectively (p<0.0001). In time-course analysis, elevation of HDL-C in the low HDL-C group was enhanced by 14.0% and 24.9% at 12 weeks and 104 weeks, respectively. A significant increase in HDL-C by pitavastatin treatment was also observed after switching from other statins. Multivariable analysis showed that BMI, diabetes, liver disease, and pre-treated other cholesterol-lowering drugs emerged as significant factors influencing HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Pitavastatin had stable clinical effects on LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C for 104 weeks. It was noteworthy that HDL-C in patients with low HDL-C was continuously increased by this agent during the period tested.