Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visually Induced Auditory Expectancy in Music Reading: A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study

The general aim of this experiment was to investigate the processes involved in reading musical notation and to study the relationship between written music and its auditory representation. It was of main interest to determine whether musicians are able to develop expectancies for specific tonal or atonal auditory events based on visual score alone. Can musicians expect an atonal event or will it always sound odd? Moreover, it was of interest to determine whether the modulations in amplitude of a late positive component (P600) described in previous studies are linked to a general mismatch detection process or to specific musical expectancies. Results showed clearly that musicians are able to expect tonal auditory endings based on visual information and are also able to do so for atonal endings, although to a smaller extent. Strong interactions seem to exist between visual and auditory musical codes and visual information seems to influence auditory processing as early as 100 msec. These results are directly relevant for the question of whether music reading is actually music perception.
Evaluating Mutual Fund Performance 1

We study standard mutual fund performance measures, using simulation procedures combined with random and random-stratified samples of NYSE and AMEX securities. We track simulated fund portfolios over time. These portfolios’ performance is ordinary, and wellspecified performance measures should not indicate abnormal performance. Our main result, however, is that the performance measures are badly misspecified. Regardless of the performance measure, there are indications of abnormal fund performance, including markettiming ability, when none exists. Evaluating Mutual Fund Performance
Kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription in blood mononuclear phagocytes are slowed by limitations of nucleotide precursors

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes has been implicated in disease manifestations, but postentry viral replication events in these cells have not been well characterized. Productive infection of activated T cells is associated with cell proliferation and accumulation of full-length viral DNA within 6 h. In infected, nondividing quiescent peripheral blood lymphocytes, reverse transcription is aborted prior to full-length viral DNA formation. For nondividing, cultured mononuclear phagocytes, we now report a third pattern of reverse transcription with relatively slow kinetics, in which full-length viral DNA did not accumulate until 36 to 48 h. The reverse transcription rate in mononuclear phagocytes could be accelerated by addition of exogenous nucleotide precursors, but still not to the rate seen in activated T cells. These results indicate that substrate limitations in mononuclear phagocytes slow but do not arrest human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription.
InstanceCollage: A Graphical Tool for the Particularization of Role/Group Structures in Pattern-Based IMS-LD Collaborative Scripts

Advances in educational technology have enabled new forms of organizing and managing collaborative learning environments. One of the currents trends in research on Technology Enhanced Learning is the application of computer-interpretable scenarios, such as those formalized with IMS Learning Design (IMSLD), for the description and deployment of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) scripts. The life-cycle of IMS-LD scripts involves several phases, from the conception to their enactment in actual learning situations. In the context of collaborative learning, group/roles management and composition have special relevance, and are in fact some of the tasks that the teacher must accomplish before students can follow the scripts. This paper presents a software tool (InstanceCollage) that implements a pattern-based approach, which has been previously validated for the task of script design. In this way, it aims at facilitating the population of roles and groups generally described in IMS-LD scripts.
A Dynamic Data Middleware System for Rapidly-growing Scientific Repositories

Modern scientific repositories are growing rapidly in size. Scientists are increasingly interested in viewing the latest data as part of query results. Current scientific middleware systems, however, assume repositories are static. Thus, they cannot answer scientific queries with the latest data. The queries, instead, are routed to the repository until data at the middleware system is refreshed. In data-intensive scientific disciplines, such as astronomy, indiscriminate query routing or data refreshing often results in runaway network costs. This severely affects the performance and scalability of the repositories and makes poor use of the middleware system. We present Delta a dynamic data middleware system for rapidly-growing scientific repositories. Delta’s key component is a decision framework that adaptively decouples data objects—choosing to keep some data object at the middleware, when they are heavily queried, and keeping some data objects at the repository, when they are heavily updated. Our algorithm profiles incoming workload to search for optimal data decoupling that reduces network costs. It leverages formal concepts from the network flow problem, and is robust to evolving scientific workloads. We evaluate the efficacy of Delta, through a prototype implementation, by running query traces collected from a real astronomy survey.
Photoluminescent (CdSe)ZnS quantum dot–polymethylmethacrylate polymer composite thin films in the visible spectral range

We synthesized (CdSe)ZnS quantum dot (QD)–polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer composite and fabricated QD–polymer composite films. We produced the CdSe and (CdSe)ZnS QDs by direct colloidal chemical synthesis and the surface-passivation method—an overcoating of the dots with a larger-bandgap material. PMMA is transparent in the visible spectral range and was chosen as the embedding matrix for QDs. A 28%(wt/wt) of PMMA in MMA was the most appropriate concentration to produce a film of good quality and maximize the solubility of quantum dots without phase separation of the QDs from the matrix. We fabricated green or red light emitting (CdSe)ZnS QD–PMMA polymer composite film by combining the green or red light emitting (CdSe)ZnS dots with PMMA of high optical transparency in the visible region and spin-coating the composite solution. The fabricated green light emitting (CdSe)ZnS–PMMA composite film had a good quantum yield of 40% and a narrow emission band at 543 nm with a full width at half maximum of ∼35 nm. A white light emitting device can be fabricated by combining our green/red light emitting QD–polymer composites with a blue light emitting LED as an excitation source. Our QD–polymer composites can be applied to flexible coloured filters, large-area coloured wall-papers and full colour displays.
Protein Kinase Cα-Mediated Chemotaxis of Neutrophils Requires NF-κB Activity but Is Independent of TNFα Signaling in Mouse Skin In Vivo1

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are major regulators of cutaneous homeostasis and mediate inflammation in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We have previously reported that transgenic mice overexpressing PKCα in the skin exhibit severe intraepidermal neutrophilic inflammation and keratinocyte apoptosis when treated topically with TPA. Activation of PKCα increases the production of TNFα and the transcription of chemotactic factors (MIP-2, KC, S100A8/A9), vascular endothelial growth factor, and GM-CSF in K5-PKCα keratinocytes. In response to PKCα activation, NF-κB translocates to the nucleus and this is associated with IκB phosphorylation and degradation. Preventing IκB degradation reduces both the expression of inflammation-associated genes and chemoattractant release. To determine whether TNFα mediated NF-κB translocation and subsequent expression of proinflammatory factors, K5-PKCα mice were treated systemically with a dimeric soluble form of p75 TNFR (etanercept) or crossed with mice deficient for both TNFR isoforms, and keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of TNFα-neutralizing Abs. The in vivo treatment and TNFR deficiency did not prevent inflammation, and the in vitro treatment did not prevent NF-κB nuclear translocation after TPA. Together these results implicate PKCα as a regulator of a subset of cutaneous cytokines and chemokines responsible for intraepidermal inflammation independent of TNFα. PKCα inhibition may have therapeutic benefit in some human inflammatory skin disorders.
Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range

Background The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus; NFS) is a widely distributed pinniped that has been shown to exhibit a high degree of philopatry to islands, breeding areas on an island, and even to specific segments of breeding areas. This level of philopatry could conceivably lead to highly genetically divergent populations. However, northern fur seals have the potential for dispersal across large distances and have experienced repeated rapid population expansions following glacial retreat and the more recent cessation of intensive harvest pressure. Methodology/Principal Findings Using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci, we examined population structure in NFS throughout their range. We found only weak population genetic structure among breeding islands including significant FST and ΦST values between eastern and western Pacific islands. Conclusions We conclude that insufficient time since rapid population expansion events (both post glacial and following the cessation of intense harvest pressure) mixed with low levels of contemporary migration have resulted in an absence of genetic structure across the entire northern fur seal range.
A survey of key management for secure group communication

Group communication can benefit from IP multicast to achieve scalable exchange of messages. However, there is a challenge of effectively controlling access to the transmitted data. IP multicast by itself does not provide any mechanisms for preventing nongroup members to have access to the group communication. Although encryption can be used to protect messages exchanged among group members, distributing the cryptographic keys becomes an issue. Researchers have proposed several different approaches to group key management. These approaches can be divided into three main classes: centralized group key management protocols, decentralized architectures and distributed key management protocols. The three classes are described here and an insight given to their features and goals. The area of group key management is then surveyed and proposed solutions are classified according to those characteristics.
Exploring Intention Behavior Gap by E-Learning Discourses

IS study emphasizes behavioral intention with an assumption that users increase system use when they have higher intentions. But this assumption is challenged by emerging studies. Taking an e-learning as an example, this study investigates the gap between intention and e-learning behaviors. Specifically, our investigation applied a discourse analysis, in addition to time expand and login frequency, for measuring e-learning behaviors. By analyzing 833 discourses posted by 14 users in an online course, our preliminary findings suggested that intention was insignificant to discourses and login frequency. However, the correlation between intention and time expand is negative significant. Our findings also presented that users who spent more time on e-learning had lower intention but used the platform more frequently. These users devoted equivalent effort on making task-oriented discourse, but they expressed more social and procedural discourses. These findings provided preliminary evidences on and an explanation to intention-behavior gap.
CORRECTION

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD; Immotile cilia syndrome; OMIM 242650) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from dysmotility of cilia and sperm flagella.1 Cilia and flagella function either to create circulation of fluid over a stationary cell surface or to propel a cell through fluid.2,3 These related structures are highly complex organelles composed of over 200 different polypeptides.4,5 The core or axoneme of cilia and flagella comprises a bundle of microtubules and many associated proteins. The microtubules are formed from α and β tubulin protofilaments and are arranged in a well recognised ‘9+2’ pattern: nine peripheral microtubule doublets in a ring connected around a central pair of microtubules by radial spoke proteins. The peripheral microtubules have dynein motor proteins attached and are connected with each other by nexin links.6–8 In human beings, ciliated epithelium can be found lining the respiratory tract, including the sinuses and middle ear, the brain ependyma, the female oviduct, and the male vas deferens. Cilia in the respiratory tract play an important part in airway clearance of respiratory secretions. In primary ciliary dyskinesia, impaired mucociliary clearance causes recurrent respiratory tract infections including chronic otitis media, rhinitis, and sinusitus, often leading to permanent lung damage (bronchiectasis). 9 Patients are also often subfertile due to sperm tail immotility and immotile oviduct cilia. About half of the patients have defects of laterality, usually complete mirror-image reversal of the left-right axis (situs inversus) and this association is known as Kartagener syndrome (OMIM 244400). The defects in left-right axis determination associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia are proposed to result from dysfunction of the embryonic node monocilia during development.10–12 Primary ciliary dyskinesia has an incidence of 1 in 20 000 with enrichment in certain populations.9,13 Diagnosis is made on brushings or biopsy …
Information Retrieval Based on Semantic Similarity Using Information Content

Evaluating semantic similarity of concepts is a problem that has been extensively investigated in the literature in different areas, such as artificial intelligence, cognitive science, databases and software engineering. Semantic similarity relates to computing the similarity between conceptually similar but not necessarily lexically similar terms. Currently, it is growing in importance in different settings, such as digital libraries, heterogeneous databases and in particular the Semantic Web. In such contexts, very often concepts are organized according to taxonomy (or a hierarchy). We investigate approaches to compute the semantic similarity between natural language terms. This paper presents new approach for measuring semantic similarity between words and hierarchical structure is used to present information content. In this paper, we present a search engine using Google API that expands the user query based on similarity scores of each term of user’s query. Users query words are replaced with synonyms discovered from the similarity measures and input to the Google search API.
Influence of ligand exchange on the structural and optoelectronic properties of CdSe nanocrystals

We report the influence of changing surface ligands of synthesized CdSe nanocrystals on its structural, optical and electrical properties. TOPO-capped CdSe nanocrystals of 2 to 7 nm sizes have been synthesized by hot injection method, and the surface capping molecule, TOPO was subsequently replaced by tributyl amine. It was found that the exchange of surface ligands significantly altered the physical properties of nanocrystals. The shifting toward the shorter wavelength (higher energy) in the visible range of optical absorption band edge was observed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and a blue-shift of photoluminescence peaks was observed with luminescent quenching. A slight reduction in nanocrystal's size during the ligand exchange procedure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, indicating the change in quantum confinement effect. The surface ligand exchange was also found to cause the increase in the nanocrystal's surface energy, resulting in the improvement of charge carrier separation.
Assessment of aversive stimuli dependent attentional binding by the N170 VEP component

For social species nonverbal communication by assessment of emotion expression is crucial for building up and maintaining social structures. In humans, body language not only includes gestures but also a variety of facial expressions. Negative associated facial expressions, e.g. disgust, fear, anger call for a higher attentional binding due their evolutionary background, denoting directly personal dangers for the receptive individual. In a number of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or autism spectrum diseases, the assessment of emotions in faces is disturbed, leading to even more pronounced social cuts. In this article we present a new methodology for monitoring the attentional binding to emotion–tinged stimuli in a face recognition task. We were able to demonstrate a significant difference in habituation behavior to neutral and negative associated faces respectively. In future, this methodology might provide a fast and reliable scheme for the detection of psychiatric disorders comprising dysfunction of limbic structures.
Orbital and superorbital variability of LS I +61 303 at low radio frequencies with GMRT and LOFAR

LS I +61 303 is a gamma-ray binary that exhibits an outburst at GHz frequencies each orbitalcycle of 26:5 d and a superorbital modulation with a period of 4.6 yr. We have performeda detailed study of the low-frequency radio emission of LS I +61 303 by analysing all thearchival GMRT data at 150, 235 and 610 MHz, and conducting regular LOFAR observationswithin the Radio Sky Monitor (RSM) at 150 MHz. We have detected the source for the firsttime at 150 MHz, which is also the first detection of a gamma-ray binary at such a low frequency.We have obtained the light-curves of the source at 150, 235 and 610 MHz, all of themshowing orbital modulation. The light-curves at 235 and 610 MHz also show the existenceof superorbital variability. A comparison with contemporaneous 15-GHz data shows remarkabledierences with these light-curves. At 15 GHz we see clear outbursts, whereas at lowfrequencies we see variability with wide maxima. The light-curve at 235 MHz seems to beanticorrelated with the one at 610 MHz, implying a shift of 0.5 orbital phases in the maxima.We model the shifts between the maxima at dierent frequencies as due to changes in thephysical parameters of the emitting region assuming either free-free absorption or synchrotronself-absorption, obtaining expansion velocities for this region close to the stellar wind velocitywith both mechanisms.
Identification and Functional Characterization of ST 3 GAL 5 and ST 8 SIA 1 Variants in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an ophthalmic disease that frequently accompanies Graves’ disease (GD). In general, 25–50% of patients with GD are diagnosed with clinically significant TAO. TAO follows a characteristic clinical course, called Rundle’s curve, in which TAO worsens during an initial phase, peaks at maximum severity, improves, and reaches a static plateau, with the activity curve preceding the severity curve by a few months. Throughout the course of the disease, patients present with characteristic symptoms of lid swelling, chemosis, proptosis, lid retraction, diplopia due to limited ocular movement, and deep orbital pain, each with variable severity. While most patients experience remission through cessation of the active inflammatory stage by medical interferences, Received: April 3, 2017 Revised: August 9, 2017 Accepted: August 24, 2017 Co-corresponding authors: Dr. Ji Ha Choi, Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2650-5746, Fax: 82-2-2653-8891, E-mail: jihachoi@ewha.ac. kr and Dr. Koung Hoon Kook, Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea. Tel: 82-31-219-5258, Fax: 82-31-219-5259, E-mail: drkook@ajou.ac. kr
Planar fault energies and sessile dislocation configurations in substitutionally disordered Ti-Al with Nb and Cr ternary additions

Abstract Variations in planar fault energies, generated by changes in alloy composition, can influence thermally activated processes which govern plasticity in intermetallic alloys. Predicting variations in defect energy as a function of alloy composition would aid both alloy design and the interrogation of models of yield stress. In this paper, layered Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation calculations are reported for the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault (SISF) and antiphase-boundary (APB) energies in binary and ternary Ti-Al alloys. The planar fault energies were calculated over a range of alloy composition: (Ti1−xAlx)1−y My with 0·48 ≤ × ≤ 0·51, 0·00 ≤ y ≤ 0·02 and M = Cr, NB. For the Ti-rich alloys, ternary additions up to 4at. % were also considered. APB (010) energies were calculated for the binary alloy while the SISF and APB (111) energies were calculated for all the binary and ternary alloys. The compositions Ti50Al50 and (Ti50Al50)1−yCry have the maximum defect energies fo.
The maps problem and the mapping problem: Two challenges for a cognitive neuroscience of speech and language

Research on the brain basis of speech and language faces theoretical and empirical challenges. Most current research, dominated by imaging, deficit-lesion, and electrophysiological techniques, seeks to identify regions that underpin aspects of language processing such as phonology, syntax, or semantics. The emphasis lies on localization and spatial characterization of function. The first part of the paper deals with a practical challenge that arises in the context of such a research programme. This maps problem concerns the extent to which spatial information and localization can satisfy the explanatory needs for perception and cognition. Several areas of investigation exemplify how the neural basis of speech and language is discussed in those terms (regions, streams, hemispheres, networks). The second part of the paper turns to a more troublesome challenge, namely how to formulate the formal links between neurobiology and cognition. This principled problem thus addresses the relation between the primitives of cognition (here speech, language) and neurobiology. Dealing with this mapping problem invites the development of linking hypotheses between the domains. The cognitive sciences provide granular, theoretically motivated claims about the structure of various domains (the “cognome”); neurobiology, similarly, provides a list of the available neural structures. However, explanatory connections will require crafting of computationally explicit linking hypotheses at the right level of abstraction. For both the practical maps problem and the principled mapping problem, developmental approaches and evidence can play a central role in the resolution.
Free/Open Source Shallow-Transfer Based Machine Translation for Spanish and Aragonese

This article describes the development of a bidirectional shallow-transfer based machine translation system for Spanish and Aragonese, based on the Apertium platform, reusing the resources provided by other translators built for the platform. The system, and the morphological analyser built for it, are both the first resources of their kind for Aragonese. The morphological analyser has coverage of over 80\%, and is being reused to create a spelling checker for Aragonese. The translator is bidirectional: the Word Error Rate for Spanish to Aragonese is 16.83%, while Aragonese to Spanish is 11.61%.