Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The adrenal gland

Several technological advances in recent years have been applied to the investigation of patients with suspected or known adrenal pathology. Modern computerized tomography (CT) scanners can detect masses as small as 0.5 cm in diameter and CT scanning has therefore assumed the primary role in the identification of adrenal mass lesions (Adams et al., 1983; Moss, 1983; Falke & van Seters, 1989; Ling & Lee, 1989). Ultrasound can reliably delineate most masses exceeding 2 cm but bowel gas may hinder the demonstration of the left adrenal gland and the images may be poor in obese patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now demonstrate some lesions as small as 0.5-1 cm (Chang et a/., 1987; Reinig et al., 1985; Falke et al., 1986a). With further experience of fast imaging sequences and of sequences that reduce artefacts, MRI may become the modality of choice (White et al., 1985; Wood et al., 1987; Saini et a/., 1989; Schwaighofer et al., 1989; Stehling et al., 1989; Mirowitz et al., 1990). Radionuclide scanning provides unique metabolic information, so that adrenal disease can be localized despite the lack of anatomical detail (Gross et al., 1992), when scintigraphy is used in conjunction with biochemical tests (Gross et al., 1984). Appropriate investigation of biochemically proven adrenal disorders requires close collaboration between the endocrinologist and radiologist in order to choose the most appropriate imaging strategy.
Input Impedance of Fabry-Perot, EBG, and Leaky-Wave Antennas Excited by a Line Source

The theoretical evaluation of the input impedance of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) or leaky wave (LW) antennas is not addressed in the literature. To fill this gap, we present in this letter, an original method to study the input impedance of a line source exciting Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities. The method is based on the generalization of the plane wave expansion of the antenna internal fields to cylindrical wave expansions. This procedure leads to simple and rigorous formulas which are very useful for designing antennas associated with FP, EBG, or LW structures and for understanding their electromagnetic behavior. Results produced by this model are validated by exact electromagnetic simulations.
The influence of entrepreneurial passion on Crowdfunding success

This research explores the importance of entrepreneurial passion for the success of Crowdfunding campaigns and how different types of entrepreneurial passion can influence Crowdfunders’ investment decisions. Primary data was collected in semi-structured online surveys with 10 investors and 7 start-ups who have Crowdfunding experience. The surveys aimed to examine for six different types of entrepreneurial passion if a tendency exists to positively/negatively influence the investors’ funding decision and if certain types of passion are more relevant for the funding than others. As foundation for this research the following six types of entrepreneurial passion from the research of Cardon et. al (2017) are used: Passion for growth, passion for people, passion for the product or service, passion for inventing, passion for competition and passion for a social mission. The research findings emphasize the importance of entrepreneurial passion for the Crowdfunding success and its power to influence the Crowdfunders investment decisions. The findings reveal that each of the six different types of passion is relevant in Crowdfunding and can influence the investors funding decision, although strength and type of influence differ. In comparison the data indicates that the positive influence of entrepreneurial passion is more powerful than the negative influence. According to the investor surveys five of the six passions have a positive influence on the investors’ funding decision. For the investors the passion for people and the passion for the product/service have the strongest positive influence on the funding decision. Entrepreneurs consider the passion for the product/service to be the most relevant type of passion and the passion for people to be slightly more relevant than the other four types of passion.
Altered Gastrocnemius Contractile Behavior in Former Achilles Tendon Rupture Patients During Walking

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s–1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task.
Detection of Helicobacter heilmannii type II and Helicobacter pylori indogs and their role in the development of gastritis

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter heilmannii type II in dogs and evaluate the role of Helicobacter spp. in chronic gastritis. Gastroscopy was performed in a total of 40 dogs (22 symptomatic and 18 asymptomatic) admitted to the small animal clinic of Istanbul University. In this study, the density of spiral bacteria and the degree and type of gastritis by histopathology were determined. Rapid urease tests were performed on gastric biopsy samples, and the species identity was determined using nested polymerase chain reaction to assess for the presence of H. heilmannii type II and H. pylori. The relationship between symptoms and gastroscopic findings was significant (P < 0.001). Gastritis was diagnosed in 38 of the 40 dogs histopathologically, of which 71% were atrophic. Thirty-four dogs were found to be positive for H. heilmannii type II. Although general opinion indicates that dogs do not harbor H. pylori, 3 dogs with gastric symptoms and 1 asymptomatic dog were found positive for H. pylori in this study. No significant correlation was found between Helicobacter spp. density and gastritis severity. However, H. pylori had a high pathogenic effect as higher infiltration rates and increased intensity of mononuclear inflammatory cells and lymphoid follicles were observed in cases of H. pylori-related gastritis.
Digital Economy Policy: The Case Example of Thailand

Level of development of digital economy policy and governance varies widely within countries of the global South. One country in which it has been significantly developed is Thailand, which has both dedicated policies and governance structures for the digital economy. This paper provides a largely descriptive overview of these. It reviews the current Digital Economy Plan and also some of its predecessor plans and policies. It explains the structural underpinning seen in recent creation of a new Ministry of Digital Economy and Society; and reviews the content of planned legislative changes. Following a short review of specific issues with digital infrastructure, the paper provides a brief analytical commentary.
An Efficient Filtering Method for Scalable Face Image Retrieval

This paper presents a filtering method for efficient face image retrieval over large volume of face databases. The proposed method employs a new face image descriptor, called a cell-orientation vector (COV). It has a simple form: a 72-dimensional vector of integers from 0 to 8. Despite of its simplicity, it achieves high accuracy and efficiency. Our experimental results show that the proposed method based on COVs provides better performance than a recent approach based on identity-based quantization in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. key words: face image retrieval, face detection, image filtering, inverted index, cell-orientation vector
The Effect of Corporate Sustainability Practices on Financial Performance

In this chapter, the impact of corporate sustainability practices (CSP) on corporate financial performance (CFP) is investigated in terms of Turkish manufacturing industry. In this context, 16 sustainable companies vs. 21 control companies in 2016 and 16 sustainable companies vs. 24 control companies in 2017 are examined. Thirty-seven financial performance variables within seven groups are used, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test is applied. In 2016, four out of seven significant variables point out that sustainable companies perform better than control sample; however, in 2017, three out of four significant variables indicate the opposite. Therefore, the results are mixed, and it is concluded that implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria do not have a noticeable positive effect on financial performances of manufacturing industry companies, at least in the short-term.
Chemical and nutritional properties of channel and hybrid catfish byproducts

Abstract The objective of this study was to chemically characterize both channel and hybrid catfish parts including heads, frames, viscera, skin, and fillet trimming mince. Triplicate samples of channel and hybrid catfish byproduct parts were obtained from a large commercial catfish processor and analyzed for percent moisture, lipid, protein, ash, and amino acid and fatty acid profiles were determined. The content of the off‐flavor compounds, 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were also determined. The lipid content of samples were 13.6% and 10.0% for channel and hybrid skins, 17.7% and 21.4% for channel and hybrid viscera, 20.0% and 19.1% for channel and hybrid frames, and 9.7% and 9.3% for channel and hybrid heads. The protein content of samples ranged from a high of 22.8% for channel catfish skins, to a low of 13.4% for channel frames. Low levels of geosmin, <1 ppb, were detected in the byproduct samples, while no MIB was detected. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid comprised approximately 80% of the fatty acids in the byproduct tissues. The amino acid profiles indicated that the catfish mince had high levels of lysine and methionine and other essential amino acids. Results from this study will be used in the development of new value‐added products from catfish byproducts.
An Antilock-Braking Systems (ABS) Control: A Technical Review

Many different control methods for ABS systems have been developed. These methods differ in their theoretical basis and performance under the changes of road conditions. The present review is a part of research project entitled “Intelligent Antilock Brake System Design for Road-Surfaces of Saudi Arabia” In the present paper we review the methods used in the design of ABS systems. We highlight the main difficulties and summarize the more recent developments in their control techniques. Intelligent control systems like fuzzy control can be used in ABS control to emulate the qualitative aspects of human knowledge with several advantages such as robustness, universal approximation theorem and rule-based algorithms.
Relations between key executive functions and aggression in childhood

The present study examined relationships between three key executive functions (working memory, inhibition, and mental set-shifting) and multiple types of aggression in a general population sample of 9-year-old children. One hundred and forty-eight children completed a battery of executive function tasks and were rated on aggression by their primary teachers. All executive function (EF) composites were related to a composite measure of aggression. Working memory (WM) was most consistently related to the different types of aggression (overt, relational, reactive, and proactive), whereas inhibition and mental set-shifting only were related to relational and reactive aggression, respectively. Specificity in relations (studied as independent contributions) was generally low with the exception of the relation between WM and relational aggression. Taken together, our results highlight the roles of WM and relational aggression in EF-aggression relations in middle childhood.
Determinants of Yield Spread in the Government of India Bond Markets

Yield on Government Bonds form the benchmark “risk free rate of return” for the pricing of all financial assets and their derivatives. Yield spread of government bonds is an indicator of efficiency of the treasury market, which is essential for an effective monetary policy. This is one of the first papers on Indian government bond market, with specific focus on yield spread. Using the NSE’s N-S method based ZCYC, and including 186,279 bond trades, over the period 2006-2012, this paper attempts to identify the determinants of yield spread of Government of India Bonds, controlling for various bond specific characteristics. Additionally it also examines the interaction of illiquidity, maturity in both normal, and crisis periods, and analyses the weekly changes in spread to explore the presence of AR(1) process in weekly changes. This paper finds that trades, trade interval, turnover, and coupon are the key determinants of yield spread in the Government of India bond market. Turnover with a negative coefficient of -137 bp, has the maximum impact on spread. Outstanding volume has a positive impact on higher duration trades during crisis period and a negative impact during the normal period. While examining the determinants of changes in yield spread, it is found that previous week’s change in spread has a significant dampening effect. Further the changes in yield spread are positively influenced by trading volume and price dispersion measure, and negatively by changes in spread. Counter intuitively changes in trade interval negatively and significantly influence the changes in yield spreads.
Rational optimization using sum-of-squares techniques

Motivated by many control applications, this paper deals with the global solutions of unconstrained optimization problems. First, a simple SOS method is presented to find the infimum of a polynomial, which can be handled efficiently using the relevant software tools. The main idea of this method is to introduce a perturbation variable whose approaching to zero results in a solution with any arbitrary precision. The proposed technique is then extended to the case of rational functions. The primary advantages of this approach over the existing ones are its simplicity and capability of treating problems for which the existing methods are not efficient, as demonstrated in three numerical examples.
Adrenocortical carcinoma: the range of appearances on CT and MRI.

OBJECTIVE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive tumor arising from the adrenal cortex that typically presents late with a large mass. The increased use of cross-sectional imaging for unrelated reasons has led to a greater number of ACCs being detected incidentally at an earlier stage. Recognition of the typical clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings is imperative for rapid diagnosis, prompt intervention, and early use of the appropriate therapy. CONCLUSION Cross-sectional imaging with CT and MRI is essential for determining the extent of local and distant tumor spread. Complete surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative treatment of ACC, and the information attained from CT and MRI is important to guide surgery and further patient management.
Expression of Smad4 in the FaDu cell line partially restores TGF‐beta growth inhibition but is not sufficient to regulate fibronectin expression or suppress tumorigenicity

Mutations of the Smad4 gene, a member of a group of TGF‐β signal transduction components, occur in several types of cancer suggesting that its inactivation significantly affects TGF‐β responsiveness in these tumors. To further investigate the role of Smad4 with respect to TGF‐β signaling and carcinogenesis, we re‐expressed the Smad4 gene in the Smad4‐deficient cancer cell line FaDu by microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) and retroviral infection to closely approximate physiological protein levels. The Smad4‐expressing FaDu clones were then evaluated for TGF‐β responsiveness to assess the role of Smad4 in TGF‐β‐induced growth inhibition and target gene regulation. We found that the re‐expression of the Smad4 gene by either method partially restored TGF‐β responsiveness in FaDu cells with respect to both growth inhibition and expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p15INK4B. However, only the microcell hybrids showed growth retardation in organotypic raft culture and an enhanced ability to upregulate fibronectin. In contrast, the re‐expression of Smad4 by either method failed to suppress tumorigenicity. These results suggest that in addition to a homozygous deletion of Smad4, FaDu cells contain additional defects within the TGF‐β signaling pathway, thereby limiting the extent of TGF‐β responsiveness upon Smad4 re‐expression and perhaps accounting for the inability to induce p15INK4B to a high level. They also demonstrate the advantages of providing a physiological extracellular environment, when assessing TGFβ responsiveness. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra-session and inter-rater reliability of spatial frequency analysis methods in skeletal muscle

Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) is a quantitative ultrasound (US) method originally developed to assess intratendinous tissue structure. This method may also be advantageous in assessing other musculoskeletal tissues. Although SFA has been shown to be a reliable assessment strategy in tendon tissue, its reliability in muscle has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of spatial frequency parameter measurement for a large muscle group within a healthy population. Ten participants with no history of lower extremity surgery or hamstring strain injury volunteered. Longitudinal B-mode images were collected in three different locations across the hamstring muscles. Following a short rest, the entire imaging procedure was repeated. B-mode images were processed by manually drawing a region of interest (ROI) about the entire muscle thickness. Four spatial frequency parameters of interest were extracted from the image ROIs. Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of extracted SFA parameters were performed. Test-retest reliability of the image acquisition procedure was assessed between repeat trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed high intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.9 for all parameters) and good to moderate test-retest reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.50) between trials. No differences in parameter values were observed between trials across all muscles and locations (p > 0.05). The high reliability metrics suggest that SFA will be useful for future studies assessing muscle tissue structure, and may have value in assessing muscular adaptations following injury and during recovery.
Evaluation of the Abbott LCx Ligase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Urine and Genital Swab Specimens from a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Population

ABSTRACT The Abbott LCx ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis andNeisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated by using swab and urine specimens from 562 patients. C. trachomatis results by LCR were compared to those by the Gen-Probe PACE 2 assay, whereas N. gonorrhoeae results by LCR were compared to those by culture. The Gen-Probe and LCR assays were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Gram-negative diplococci growing on modified Thayer-Martin medium were confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae by the GonoGen II assay. Supplemental data analysis was performed by major outer membrane protein PCR for C. trachomatis and probes for pilin gene detection for N. gonorrhoeae. A true-positive result for each pathogen was defined as a positive result for all three or two of three assays. Overall agreement among the six assays was 94.8%. C. trachomatis prevalence was 16.2%; N. gonorrhoeae prevalence was 5.5%. The overall sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for each test (after supplemental data analysis) were as follows: for C. trachomatis, Gen-Probe, 65.9 and 100%; LCR on urine, 90.1 and 100%; LCR on swab specimens, 96.7 and 100%; and for N. gonorrhoeae, culture, 80.6 and 100%; LCR on urine, 93.5 and 99.8%; and LCR on swab specimens, 96.8 and 100%. For women, theN. gonorrhoeae culture was very insensitive compared to its performance in men (58.3 versus 94.7%, respectively). ForC. trachomatis, the Gen-Probe assay’s sensitivity was lower for men than for women (62.3 versus 71.1%, respectively). The sensitivity for C. trachomatis detection by LCR on urethral and cervical swab specimens was 96.2 and 97.4% for men and women, respectively. For men, swab results were slightly better than urine results for both pathogens (sensitivity for C. trachomatis in swab and urine specimens, 96.2 and 92.5%, respectively; sensitivity for N. gonorrhoeae in swab and urine specimens, 100 and 94.7%, respectively), while for women, cervical swabs were superior in sensitivity to urine samples for detecting C. trachomatis (swab, 97.4%; urine, 81.6%) and equivalent for N. gonorrhoeae (swab, 92.3%; urine, 91.6%). The LCx LCR appears to be both sensitive and specific for the detection of C. trachomatis andN. gonorrhoeae when performed on urine or genital swab samples. Swab samples had better sensitivity than urine samples for the detection of both pathogens.
MEKANISME RESTRUKTURISASI PEMBIAYAAN PADA AKAD PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DALAM UPAYA PENYELESAIAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH

Financing is priority in the bank operational to get a profit. But, in that activity, will be found the risk variously wich potensial to get loss, and one of them is financing risk or a bad financing. This problem is very dirstubing a bank performance. So a bad financing must be resolved immediately. Financing restructuritation is one of way out to finish a bad financing. in this program, debitur expected can will finish his financing. The mechanism of financing restructuritation in Sharia Bank, especially, in contract murabahah, can be done by rescheduling program and financing contract conversion, from murabahah to the bai' bi tsaman ajil, mudharabah or musyarakah. Keywords : financing risk, financing restructuritation, murabahah