Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-driven Delay-based Congestion Control for Cellular Networks

Delay-based congestion control protocols appear to respond more efficiently to the unique properties of cellular networks compared to loss-based protocols. Unfortunately, delay-based congestion control protocols are often hard to understand and interpret by protocol designers due to their non-linear nature. As a result, existing models tend to include many oversimplifications and assumptions that limit their applicability to real cellular networks. In this paper, we develop a new stochastic two-dimensional discrete-time Markov modeling approach that dramatically simplifies the understanding of delay-based congestion control protocols. This model allows us to analyze a protocol’s behavior and to replicate its analysis under different network scenarios. We use the Verus congestion control protocol as a case study to demonstrate that the model’s performance matches that of Verus. The modeling approach developed in this paper is extensible to a variety of different settings and protocols. We describe the central elements that a designer should specify to achieve comparable performance with other delay-based congestion control protocols.
Genotyping microarray: Mutation screening in Spanish families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

Purpose Presently, 22 genes have been described in association with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP); however, they explain only 50% of all cases, making genetic diagnosis of this disease difficult and costly. The aim of this study was to evaluate a specific genotyping microarray for its application to the molecular diagnosis of adRP in Spanish patients. Methods We analyzed 139 unrelated Spanish families with adRP. Samples were studied by using a genotyping microarray (adRP). All mutations found were further confirmed with automatic sequencing. Rhodopsin (RHO) sequencing was performed in all negative samples for the genotyping microarray. Results The adRP genotyping microarray detected the mutation associated with the disease in 20 of the 139 families with adRP. As in other populations, RHO was found to be the most frequently mutated gene in these families (7.9% of the microarray genotyped families). The rate of false positives (microarray results not confirmed with sequencing) and false negatives (mutations in RHO detected with sequencing but not with the genotyping microarray) were established, and high levels of analytical sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%) were found. Diagnostic accuracy was 15.1%. Conclusions The adRP genotyping microarray is a quick, cost-efficient first step in the molecular diagnosis of Spanish patients with adRP.
Using Information Theory to Reduce Complexities of Neural Networks in Protein Secondary Structure Prediction 1

Neural networks are commonly used in protein secondary structure prediction. However, neural networks tend to be very computationally expensive and time consuming because the training algorithms have to determine the values of thousands of variables that define the networks. In this paper, we suggest a simple information theoretic method of pre-processing the training set before feeding it to a generic neural network, which should theoretically reduce the complexities of the neural network significantly, thus saving valuable computational time. Due to insufficient time, we did not actually physically implement a neural network with a pre-processing stage. Instead, we shall only demonstrate the feasibility of our suggestion by pre-processing the family of leucine zippers and show that it achieves the aim of obtaining improved inputs to the network. Hopefully, our future work will involve implementing such a neural network with a pre-processing stage to determine the actual improvement in computational time.
Intelligent Analyzing System

Measurements of the observed parameters are carried out using a multiplex measuring system based on the adaptive commutation principle. The unit of numerical reflection of the state of the object performs the processing of non-redundant samples. The numerical procedure provides us with a specific number associated with its vector. The information uncertainty numerical representation algorithm and its practical realization were established, which makes it possible to carry out a current real time testing. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
DÃ©finitionof the High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient by Immunological Phenotyping with Monoclonal Antibodies1

An accurate method of classification of the surface mem brane characteristics of blast cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia would allow a more definitive study of the nature of this disease. Monoclonal antibodies have been produced to the surface antigens of leukemic blasts from a patient with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two anti bodies of interest were obtained from this immunization. These two, in combination with a monoclonal antibody with anti-la specificity, have been used to obtain surface phenotypes for patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prelim inary results indicate that the definition of a high-risk group, using these antibodies, is possible. and Herzenberg (8). Leukemia cells in these studies were obtained as heparinized bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from patients at Stanford Univer sity and at the Children's Hospital at Stanford. The patients included 16 children with ALL and 2 patients with the initial diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma who subsequently developed leukemia trans formation. Bone marrow specimens were studied for the children with ALL at the time of presentation and in the 2 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma at the time of leukemic transformation. All patients with ALL were initially treated with the same standard antileukemic therapy (9).
Homotypic and Heterotypic Adhesion Induced by Odorant Receptors and the β2-Adrenergic Receptor

In the mouse olfactory system regulated expression of a large family of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), the Odorant Receptors (ORs), provides each sensory neuron with a single OR identity. In the wiring of the olfactory sensory neuron projections, a complex axon sorting process ensures the segregation of >1,000 subpopulations of axons of the same OR identity into homogeneously innervated glomeruli. ORs are critical determinants in axon sorting, and their presence on olfactory axons raises the intriguing possibility that they may participate in axonal wiring through direct or indirect trans-interactions mediating adhesion or repulsion between axons. In the present work, we used a biophysical assay to test the capacity of ORs to induce adhesion of cell doublets overexpressing these receptors. We also tested the β2 Adrenergic Receptor, a non-OR GPCR known to recapitulate the functions of ORs in olfactory axon sorting. We report here the first evidence for homo- and heterotypic adhesion between cells overexpressing the ORs MOR256-17 or M71, supporting the hypothesis that ORs may contribute to olfactory axon sorting by mediating differential adhesion between axons.
Forecast-Driven Enhancement of Received Signal Strength (RSS)-Based Localization Systems

Real-time user localization in indoor environments is an important issue in ambient assisted living (AAL). In this context, localization based on received signal strength (RSS) has received considerable interest in the recent literature, due to its low cost and energy consumption and to its availability on all wireless communication hardware. On the other hand, the RSS-based localization is characterized by a greater error with respect to other technologies. Restricting the problem to localization of AAL users in indoor environments, we demonstrate that forecasting with a little user movement advance (for example, when the user is about to leave a room) provides significant benefits to the accuracy of RSS-based localization systems. Specifically, we exploit echo state networks (ESNs) fed with RSS measurements and trained to recognize patterns of user’s movements to feed back to the RSS-based localization system.
Frequency extension of system level characterization and predistortion setup for on-wafer microwave power amplifiers

In this paper, a system level characterization setup for on-wafer microwave power amplifiers is presented. The arbitrary waveform generator carrier frequency limitations are overcome by the insertion of an upconversion system. Linearity tests are performed to assess the validity of the proposed solution. A simple on-wafer calibration method for absolute power determination is developed, allowing for accurate average power and efficiency measurement in presence of modulated signals. A characterization and predistortion example on a backhaul 7 GHz Doherty power amplifier is carried out, highlighting the capabilities of the proposed setup.
Decision Rule-based Algorithm for Ordinal Classification based on Rank Loss Minimization

Many classification problems have in fact an ordinal nature, i.e., the class labels are ordered. We introduce a decision rule algorithm, called RankRules, tailored for this type of problems, that is based on minimization of the rank loss. In general, the complexity of the rank loss minimization is quadratic with respect to the number of training examples, however, we show that the introduced algorithm works in linear time (plus sorting time of attribute values that is performed once in the pre-processing phase). The rules are built using a boosting approach. The impurity measure used for building single rules is derived using one of four minimization techniques often encountered in boosting. We analyze these techniques focusing on the trade-off between misclassification and coverage of the rule. RankRules is verified in the computational experiment showing its competitiveness to other algorithms.
Does AI Have a Role in Eldercare Devices?

As humans age, physical, perceptual and cognitive abilities deteriorate outright or fail gradually, thus affecting the quality of life. We offer a third year engineering product design course where the project theme over the past three years has been disabling conditions for the elderly (i.e., healthy aging). The technology-pull theme exposes the students to the process of designing cost effective assistive technology; and shows the important role engineering design has in society to improve the quality of life for all. The methodology adapted for the course is for the project groups to be in constant interaction with the potential user of the resulting technology. The students are required to interact with at least 2 people with the disabling condition during each of the design phases. The project requires for the students to understand the disabling condition, choose a relevant problem associated with the condition, identify the customer needs and map this into product requirements and come up with concepts and prototypes in function and form of a concept that best satisfies the needs. The design phase is broken into 4 or 5 phases where the instructor, teaching assistants and fellow peers review each stage with a class critique. The final results are presented at an exhibit that is open to the public and the users are also invited to attend. The solutions range from the simplistic to the complicated (i.e., requiring AI). What we argue is that this design process is essential before addressing the need for AI for eldercare. There may be a need for AI and there may not be. We illustrate this by selecting four projects from the 2007 course offering, which addressed problems associated with Alzheimer;’s, Parkinson’s, falls by people with walkers and independent living for the elderly at home.
Deriving a robust policy for container stacking using a noise-tolerant genetic algorithm

We propose a noise-tolerant genetic algorithm (NTGA) to be used for deriving a policy for container stacking at an automated container terminal. The evaluation of a candidate stacking policy is inevitably noisy because an accurate evaluation requires too expensive simulations of crane operations at the stacking yard under various scenarios. Although the effect of noise can be alleviated by taking multiple samples of fitness by running multiple simulations with different scenarios, the problem is that this intuitive approach is computationally expensive. The idea of NTGA is to give more samples of fitness to some important candidate policies than the others to save the computational cost. We show in this paper that this discriminative sampling can be nicely implemented within the framework of the restricted tournament selection scheme that is usually adopted for maintaining the population diversity. The experimental results with various scenarios reveal that NTGA can derive a robust policy which outperforms those derived by other methods.
Active Containers : A Toolkit for Distributed Shared Memory

Numerous protocols have been designed to implement memory coherency on clusters. The majority of these approaches support multiple readers and multiple writers accessing shared memory. By weakening this constraint we have designed and implemented a high performance, relatively transparent toolkit for multiple reader, single writer shared objects. The toolkit achieves a high degree of performance by using our implementation of Active Messages 2 to update copies of shared objects. Other key aspects of our design include function shipping and a lazy evaluation of updates.
Visual Exploration of High‐Dimensional Data through Subspace Analysis and Dynamic Projections

We introduce a novel interactive framework for visualizing and exploring high‐dimensional datasets based on subspace analysis and dynamic projections. We assume the high‐dimensional dataset can be represented by a mixture of low‐dimensional linear subspaces with mixed dimensions, and provide a method to reliably estimate the intrinsic dimension and linear basis of each subspace extracted from the subspace clustering. Subsequently, we use these bases to define unique 2D linear projections as viewpoints from which to visualize the data. To understand the relationships among the different projections and to discover hidden patterns, we connect these projections through dynamic projections that create smooth animated transitions between pairs of projections. We introduce the view transition graph, which provides flexible navigation among these projections to facilitate an intuitive exploration. Finally, we provide detailed comparisons with related systems, and use real‐world examples to demonstrate the novelty and usability of our proposed framework.
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the amphibian germinal vesicle: loops, spheres, and snurposomes

We have examined the distribution of snRNPs in the germinal vesicle (GV) of frogs and salamanders by immunofluorescent staining and in situ nucleic acid hybridization. The major snRNAs involved in pre-mRNA splicing (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) occur together in nearly all loops of the lampbrush chromosomes, and in hundreds to thousands of small granules (1-4 microns diameter) suspended in the nucleoplasm. The loops and granules also contain several antigens that are regularly associated with snRNAs or spliceosomes (the Sm antigen, U1- and U2- specific antigens, and the splicing factor SC35). A second type of granule, often distinguishable by morphology, contains only U1 snRNA and associated antigens. We propose the term "snurposome" to describe the granules that contain snRNPs ("snurps"). Those that contain only U1 snRNA are A snurposomes, whereas those that contain all the splicing snRNAs are B snurposomes. GVs contain a third type of snRNP granule, which we call the C snurposome. C snurposomes range in size from less than 1 micron to giant structures greater than 20 microns in diameter. Usually, although not invariably, they have B snurposomes on their surface. They may also contain from one to hundreds of inclusions. Because of their remarkably spherical shape, C snurposomes with their associated B snurposomes have long been referred to as spheres or sphere organelles. Most spheres are free in the nucleoplasm, but a few are attached to chromosomes at specific chromosome loci, the sphere organizers (SOs). The relationship of sphere organelles to other snRNP- containing structures in the GV is obscure. We show by immunofluorescent staining that the lampbrush loops and B snurposomes also react with antibodies against heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). Transcription units on the loops are uniformly stained by anti-hnRNP and anti-snRNP antibodies, suggesting that nascent transcripts are associated with hnRNPs and snRNPs along their entire length, perhaps in the form of a unitary hnRNP/snRNP particle. That B snurposomes contain so many components involved in pre- mRNA packaging and processing suggests that they may serve as sites for assembly and storage of hnRNP/snRNP complexes destined for transport to the nascent transcripts on the lampbrush chromosome loops.
Expression in Human Gliomas , and Epidermal Growth Factor and Their α Growth Factor Genes for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor , Transforming Updated

Anomalies of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, including amplification, rearrangement, and overexpression, have been reported in malignant human gliomas in t'ivo. In vitro glioma cell lines coexpress EGFR and at least one of its ligands, transforming growth factor a, suggesting the existence of an autocrine growth stimulatory loop. \Ve have studied the tumor tissue from 62 human glioma patients and examined the structure and quantity of the EGFR gene and its transcripts, as well as the quantity of the receptor protein. In addition we have examined the genes and transcripts coding for the pre-pro forms of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor a, the two endogenous EGFR ligands. EGFR gene amplification was detected in 16 of the 32 malignancy grade IV gliomas (glioblastoma) studied (50%), but only in 1 of 30 gliomas of lesser malignancy grade (I-III). All tumors with an amplified gene overexpressed EGFR mRNA. More than onehalf (62.5%) of the glioblastomas with amplified EGFR genes also showed coamplification of rearranged EGFR genes and concomitant expression of aberrant mRNA species. Overexpression, without gene amplification, was observed in some of the low grade gliomas, and aberrant EGFR transcripts were also seen in some cases without gene amplification or detected gene rearrangements. mRNA expression for one or both of the pre-pro forms of the ligands was detected in every tumor studied. Thus, several mechanisms for the activation of the EGFRmediated growth stimulating pathway are possible in human gliomas in vivo: expression of a structurally altered receptor that may have escaped normal control mechanisms; and/or auto-, juxta-, or paracrine stimulating mechanisms involving coexpression of receptor and ligands, with or without overexpression of the receptor.
Resolved Spectroscopy of M Dwarf/L Dwarf Binaries. II. 2MASS J17072343−0558249AB

We present Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX observations of the M/L binary system 2MASS J17072343-0558249. SpeX imaging resolves the system into a 1. ″01 ± 0. ″17 visual binary in which both components have red near-infrared colors. Resolved low-resolution (R ∼ 150) 0.8-2.5 μm spectroscopy reveals strong H2O, CO, and FeH bands and alkali lines in the spectra of both components, characteristic of late-type M and L dwarfs. A comparison to a sample of late-type field dwarf spectra indicates spectral types M9 and L3. Despite the small proper motion of the system (0.″100 ± 0.″009 yr-1), imaging observations over 2.5 yr provide strong evidence that the two components share common proper motion. Physical association is also likely due to the small spatial volume occupied by the two components (based on spectrophotometric distance estimates of 15 ± 1 pc) as compared to the relatively low spatial density of low-mass field stars. The projected separation of the system is 15 ± 3 AU, similar to other late-type M and L binaries. Assuming a system age of 0.5-5 Gyr, we estimate the masses of the binary components to be 0.072-0.083 and 0.064-0.077 M⊙, with an orbital period of roughly 150-300 yr. While this is nominally too long a baseline for astrometric mass measurements, the proximity and relatively wide angular separation of the 2MASS J1707-0558AB pair make it an ideal system for studying the M dwarf/L dwarf transition at a fixed age and metallicity.
BoxRouter: a new global router based on box expansion and progressive ILP

In this paper, we propose a new global router, BoxRouter, powered by the concept of box expansion and progressive integer linear programming (ILP). BoxRouter first uses a simple prerouting strategy which can predict and capture the most congested regions with high fidelity compared to the final routing. Based on progressive box expansion initiated from the most congested region, BoxRouting is performed with progressive ILP and adaptive maze routing. It is followed by an effective postrouting step which reroutes without rip-up to obtain smooth tradeoff between wirelength and routability. Our experimental results show that BoxRouter significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art published global routers. Given the fundamental importance of routing, such dramatic improvement shall sparkle renewed interests in routing which plays a key role in nanometer design and manufacturing closure
On the performance of turbo coding for the land mobile channel with delay constraints

Turbo coding for a Rayleigh fading channel is considered in a scenario where an externally imposed delay constraint exists. The interactions between the delay constraint, the rate of variation of the fading channel, and the block size and complexity of the turbo codes are investigated by simulation. Furthermore, the choice of dimensions of the block interleaver is addressed.
Prevalence of Tuberculosis, Drug Susceptibility Testing, and Genotyping of Mycobacterial Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dessie, Ethiopia

Due to their initially seemingly high cost, timely diagnosis and effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are usually hampered by lack or shortage of resources in many high TB burden countries. However, the benefits of effective treatment can eventually outweigh those of empirical treatment. Here, a cross-sectional study was conducted on samples from smear-positive new and retreatment TB patients. Data on sociodemographic and HIV status were collected. Samples were cultured for identification, conventional drug sensitivity testing, and molecular typing by deletion typing and spoligotyping. The results showed the youth were disproportionately affected. New cases were being treated following general treatment guidelines only. Monoresistance or multiple drug resistance was found in 16.5% of new patients. Spoligotyping showed that there were 44 patterns with families H3 and T1 (lineage 4) and CAS-Delhi (lineage 3) being dominant. Some rare patterns from lineage 7 were also found. Spoligotype pattern, HIV positivity, and previous treatment were not associated with drug resistance. That the vast majority of the patients were new cases and young and the large number of these patients with mono- or multiple drug resistance indicate that most TB cases are due to recent transmissions and that urgent actions are needed to curb the transmissions.