Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Uncertainty Propagation for Availability Assessment of Stochastic Multi-state Systems

The proposed method generalizes uncertainty propagation methods for complex stochastic multi-states system modeling. Until now, analytical methods for uncertainty propagation are only used in simple system modeling as fault tree model. These methods are usually based on moment calculation or variance evaluation. In complex system cases or when complex mathematic factors affect the uncertainties, asymptotic calculation or Monte Carlo simulation are often used to estimate the resulting availability. The proposed method is based on an analytical calculation of the probability of the system states to propagate analytically the uncertainty in the model. It allows a better assessment of the availability of stochastic multi-state systems. The analytical methods used are based on calculus of conjoint probability density function, Universal Generating Function model and associated operators. The method consists in an analytical propagation of uncertainty in the model and an output uncertainty assessment. Particularly, it is able to deduce analytically the output availability of the system with the associated uncertainty. For complex UGF modeling, the analytical calculation to the sub-systems and Monte Carlo simulation on the resulting UGF system model are applied. Consequently, the computing time for the simulation could be drastically reduced.
Risk Sharing and Risk Aggregation via Risk Measures

Risk measures have been extensively studied in actuarial science in the guise of premium calculation principles for more than 40 years, and recently, they have been the standard tool for financial institutions in both calculating regulatory capital requirement and internal risk management. This thesis focuses on two topics: risk sharing and risk aggregation via risk measures. The problem of risk sharing concerns the redistribution of a total risk among agents using risk measures to quantify risks. Risk aggregation is to study the worst-case value of aggregate risks over all possible dependence structures with given marginal risks. On the first topic, we address the problem of risk sharing among agents using a two-parameter class of quantile-based risk measures, the so-called Range-Value-at-Risk (RVaR), as their preferences. The family of RVaR includes the Value-at-Risk (VaR) and the Expected Shortfall (ES), the two popular and competing regulatory risk measures, as special cases. We first establish an inequality for RVaR-based risk aggregation, showing that RVaR satisfies a special form of subadditivity. Then, the Pareto-optimal risk sharing problem is solved through explicit construction. We also study risk sharing in a competitive market and obtain an explicit Arrow-Debreu equilibrium. Robustness and comonotonicity of optimal allocations are investigated, and several novel advantages of ES over VaR from the perspective of a regulator are revealed. Reinsurance, as a special type of risk sharing, has been studied extensively from the perspective of either an insurer or a reinsurer. To take the interests of both parties into consideration, we study Pareto optimality of reinsurance arrangements under general model settings. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a reinsurance contract to be Pareto-optimal and characterize all such optimal contracts under more general model assumptions. Sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of the Pareto-optimal contracts are obtained. When the losses of an insurer and a reinsurer are measured by the ES risk measures, we obtain the explicit forms of the Pareto-optimal reinsurance contracts under the expected value premium principle. On the second topic, we first study the aggregation of inhomogeneous risks with a special type of model uncertainty, called dependence uncertainty, in individual risk models. We establish general asymptotic equivalence results for the classes of distortion risk measures and convex risk measures under different mild conditions. The results implicitly suggest that it is only reasonable to implement a coherent risk measure for the aggregation of a large number of risks with dependence uncertainty. Then, we bring the well studied dependence uncertainty in individual
Measuring Inequality with Asset Indicators forthcoming , Journal of Population Economics

This paper examines whether, in the absence of information on household income or consumption, data on household infrastructure, building materials, and ownership of certain durable assets can be used to measure inequality in living standards. Principal components analysis is used to obtain a relative measure of inequality, and a bootstrap prediction method is provided for use when auxiliary surveys are available. Mexican data is used to show that the inequality methods provided do provide reasonable proxies for inequalities in living standards. An application finds that after controlling for household income and demographics, school attendance of boys in Mexico is negatively related to state-level inequality. JEL Classification: D31; C81; J10.
Leg compression and ambulation is better than bed rest for the treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis.

AIM Treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with low-molecular-weight heparin and vitamin K-antagonists reduces the risk of thrombus progression and pulmonary embolism but has no immediate effect on signs and symptoms. We addressed the question whether adding compression and walking would lead to a more rapid clinical improvement than bed rest. METHODS Fifty-three symptomatic outpatients with proximal DVT were randomly treated, in addition to dalteparin and phenprocoumon, with either firm inelastic bandages (n=18), elastic compression stockings (n=18), both combined with immediate deliberate ambulation, or bed rest without any compression (n=17). We assessed daily walking distance, well-being, quality of life, pain, swelling and clinical scores over a period of 9 days. Lung scans and ultrasound of the leg were performed on days 0 and 9. RESULTS In the compression groups the walking distance increased with time to 4 km/day on average. Improvement of well-being and DVT-related quality of life was significantly faster and more pronounced with compression than with bed rest (p<0.05 for stockings, p<0.001 for bandages). Pain monitored by visual analogue scale decreased with time in a linear pattern in all groups (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01), the best effect being achieved with bandages. Pain assessed by a provocation test was reduced by half on day 3 with bed rest but remained constantly present over the subsequent 6 days. With compression it was reduced to near baseline on day 3. Swelling was almost completely removed with compression and clinical scores also improved more than with bed rest (p<0.001). Thrombus progression, as studied with ultrasound, was less frequent and less pronounced in the compression groups than with bed rest. There was no difference of new pulmonary embolism on repeat lung scans. CONCLUSION Leg compression combined with walking is the better alternative to bed rest for the treatment of symptomatic outpatients with proximal DVT.
GMS friction compensation in robot manipulator

This paper deals with the friction compensation in a two degree of freedom (DOF) planar robot manipulator. The friction model is based on the newest and most realistic model which is described by (Generalized Maxwell Slip) GMS friction model. An online least square algorithm was used in order to estimate the friction force. To do this, two approximations were introduced to linearize the friction model over its parameters and to write it in a formulation convenient for the estimation algorithm. Moreover, since the friction force is unknown, a filtering approach was introduced to build the friction force and its derivative using known signals. Simulation results showed that using very simple proportional derivative controller (PD) combined with a friction compensation, the robot manipulator can track a desired angle position of its two joints with a high degree of accuracy.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBIAYAAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) PADA BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

It is a fact that the UMKM’s are resistant due to monetary crisis in Indonesia. It proves UMKM’s significant and important roles of the economic development in establishing employment, improving National Gross Domestic Product and developing national industries. Because of these potentials of UMKM’s, banks should provide assistantships by providing their loan as financial aids. It is however, influenced by some factors such as internal and external factors. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of internal factors which refers to internal bank condition such as third party funds (DPK), capitals, profitability, risk and liquidity toward UMKM’s at syaria banking in Indonesia. The data of the study were taken from general syaria bank (BUS) and syaria business unit (UUS) which were provided in the syaria banking statistic from Indonesian central bank (official website of BI) from 2008 up to Juni 2013. Due to the limited data provided in syaria banking statistic, the 2008 and 2009 data were three-monthly: March, June, September and December while the 2010 to Juni 2013 data were monthly. Thus, there were 50 time series of observation. The data were analyzed by using regression provided in 17.0 ver. SPSS. The result of regression test shows that internal factors which significantly influenced UMKM’s finance at syaria banking were the DPK and liquidity, whereas the other factors such as the capital, profit and risk had no significance on the financing UMKM’s.
Ilmastotavoitteita toteuttava asemakaavoitus

DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS A ao-TT 13 /2 13 ”Ilmastotavoitteita toteuttava asemakaavoitus” on ”Energiakaavoituksen mallit” -tutkimuksen (2011–12) raportti. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli Porvoon Skaftkärr-hankkeen tuloksia hyödyntäen kuvata asemakaavoituksen vaikutusmahdollisuudet asemakaavoitettavan alueen CO2epäästöihin ja esittää toteutusmalleja päästöohjaavalle asemakaavoitukselle. Asemakaavoituksen yhteydessä tehtävä CO2e-päästölaskenta on osa ympäristövaikutusten arviointia ja suunnittelun apuväline, jonka avulla ratkaisujen vaikutusta ja merkittävyyttä voidaan verrattain luotettavasti arvioida. Raportissa esitetään asemakaavoituksen CO2epäästölaskentamalli sekä esimerkkejä ilmastotavoitteita toteuttavista asemakaavoituksen ratkaisuista. K im m o Lylangas et l. Ilm astovoitteita totuttava asem akvoitus
Reduced order modeling method of inverter-based microgrid for stability analysis

This paper presents a reduced order modeling method of inverter-based microgrid for stability analysis. The full order model of microgrid with three inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) is derived. Then singular perturbation method is applied to reduce the full order model. The dynamic system is divided into two subsystems based on the participation analysis of the original model. The states that have considerable effect on the dominant dynamics are preserved, and the states with negligible impact on dominant dynamics are eliminated. The reduced order model is verified by comparing original model and reduced models for numerical simulation and eigenvalue analysis.
Inactivation of DNA Mismatch Repair by Variants of Uncertain Significance in the PMS2 Gene

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a common cancer predisposition caused by an inactivating mutation in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Frequently a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), rather than an obviously pathogenic mutation, is identified in one of these genes. The inability to define pathogenicity of such variants precludes targeted healthcare. Here, we have modified a cell‐free assay to test VUS in the MMR gene PMS2 for functional activity. We have analyzed nearly all VUS in PMS2 found thus far and describe loss of MMR activity for five, suggesting the applicability of the assay for diagnosis of LS.
Determining Factors For Housing Affordability In Ibadan, Nigeria

Housing affordability has been a concern in developed and developing world because of its role in man’s welfare and productivity. This study aims at investigating determining factors for housing affordability in Ibadan urban centres. Questionnaire was developed based on consumers’ evaluation on variables identified from the literatures. The administration of questionnaire was carried out among 494 respondents within five local government areas that constitute Ibadan metropolis. The data collected was analysed statistically using statistical softwares SPSS version 22. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique was applied to define the determining factors for housing affordability. The result through EFA revealed house rents, housing preference, housing satisfaction, land price and government intervention as the determining factors for housing affordability. The multiple regression analysis confirmed land price, housing satisfaction and housing preference to be the most significant factors. The study encouraged and suggested urgent steps to be taken for the improvement and transformation in the Nigerian housing delivery to achieve affordable housing in Ibadan urban centres. Key Words: Determining factor, Housing, Housing affordability, Ibadan , Urban centres
Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of the present study was to translate and perform a cross-cultural adaptation of Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale to the Portuguese language. Material and Methods A synthesis of two independent translations done by bilingual translators whose mother tongue was the Portuguese language began the process of translation. From the synthesis of the translated version and totally blind to the original version, two different non-native English language teachers without dental knowledge translated the questionnaire back to English. The pre-final version was done by an Expert committee: the researchers, two other non-native English language teachers and one native English language speaker. The new questionnaire was then piloted among 8 patients from the target setting that were interviewed to probe it on their perceived meaning of each question. The Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale (MOPDS) thus translated was called Brasil-MOPDS and was validated in 50 patients with Orofacial pain from TMJ and Occlusion clinic ambulatory of São Paulo University School of Dentistry. The Brasil-MOPDS was administered twice by an interviewer (15 - 20 day interval) and once by a second independent interviewer. The Brazilian version of the short form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire and the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) were applied on the same day. Results Internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.9), inter-observer (ICC = 0.92) and intra-observer (ICC = 0.98) correlations presented high scores. Validity of Brasil-MOPDS compared to OHIP-14 (r = 0.85) and VAS (r = 0.75) shown high correlations. Conclusions Brasil-MOPDS was successfully translated and adapted to be applied to Brazilian patients, with satisfactory internal and external reliability.
Structure of TonB in Complex with FhuA, E. coli Outer Membrane Receptor

The cytoplasmic membrane protein TonB spans the periplasm of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope, contacts cognate outer membrane receptors, and facilitates siderophore transport. The outer membrane receptor FhuA from Escherichia coli mediates TonB-dependent import of ferrichrome. We report the 3.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the TonB carboxyl-terminal domain in complex with FhuA. TonB contacts stabilize FhuA's amino-terminal residues, including those of the consensus Ton box sequence that form an interprotein β sheet with TonB through strand exchange. The highly conserved TonB residue arginine-166 is oriented to form multiple contacts with the FhuA cork, the globular domain enclosed by the β barrel.
The Roles of Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins in Macroautophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Autophagy is a cellular degradation process that sequesters components into a double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, which then fuses with the lysosome or vacuole for hydrolysis and recycling of building blocks. Bulk phase autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, controlled by specific Atg proteins, can be triggered by a variety of stresses, including starvation. Because autophagy relies extensively on membrane traffic to form the membranous structures, factors that control membrane traffic are essential for autophagy. Among these factors, the monomeric GTP-binding proteins that cycle between active and inactive conformations form an important group. In this review, we summarize the functions of the monomeric GTP-binding proteins in autophagy, especially with reference to experiments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
An aperiodic phenomenon of the extended Kalman filter in filtering noisy chaotic signals

In this correspondence, we report an interesting behavior of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) when it is used to filter a chaotic system. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the gain of the EKF does not converge or diverge but oscillates aperiodically. More precisely, when a nonlinear system is periodic, the Kalman gain and error covariance of the EKF converge to zero. However, when the system is chaotic, they either converge to a fixed point with magnitude larger than zero or oscillate. Our theoretical analyses are verified using Monte Carlo simulations based on some popular chaotic systems.
Optimal weighting systems for direct age-adjustment of vital rates.

Age-adjustment of rates is a basic tool for epidemiologists. The methodologies can be classified into direct and indirect types. The direct methods facilitate a valid comparison between populations or across calendar periods. However, they suffer from the problem of instability. By contrast, the indirect methods achieve maximal precision but may sacrifice a valid inter-populational comparison (violating the 'consistency criteria'). In this paper, we propose a new weighting system to summarize the rates. The weighting system is optimal in the sense that it produces age-adjusted rates which are most stable and ensure a valid comparison between populations. The new weighting system calls for an iterative algorithm. However, the procedure simplifies considerably under some conditions. We use real and simulated data to demonstrate the new method.
Efficient Publish/Subscribe-Based Multicast for Opportunistic Networking with Self-Organized Resource Utilization

This paper presents a publish/subscribe-based multicast distribution infrastructure for DTN-based opportunistic networking environments. The distribution approach is designed to combine an effective distribution of content to interested nodes in the presence of resource constraints, mobility and unstable connectivity. By considering local resource constraints such as limited storage space and limited available bandwidth at opportunistic contacts as well as knowledge about interest for content in the network environment, nodes make local decisions about resource utilization and DTN bundle prioritization. Without further coordination, this approach uses the overall available network resources more effectively compared to other approaches such as epidemic forwarding. We have implemented this approach and have performed a series of measurements in mobile opportunistic networking scenarios under different configurations.
A System for the Analysis of Jet Engine Vibration Data

A system has been developed to extract diagnostic information from jet engine carcass vibration data. The system consists of a number of modules, each of which focuses on particular subsets of the data known to hold valuable information. Two of these modules, based on neural network techniques, are described in detail in this paper. In the first module, novelty detection provides a measure of how unusual the shape of a vibration signature is, by learning a representation of normality based entirely on normal examples. The low-dimensional vectors which encode vibration signatures are normalised by an appropriate transform before their distribution is modelled by a few kernels, whose placement is optimised by clustering techniques. Novelty is then measured as the local distance from the nearest kernel centre. This method provides good separation between usual and unusual vibration signatures but, given the small number of examples of normal engines, the resulting representation of normalitymay be overfitting the training data. The severity of this effect is investigated for two different normalising transforms. The second module detects sudden transitions in vibration signature curves. A multi-layer-perceptron is trained to predict one step-ahead for curves without these unexpected transitions. Sudden transitions in the test engine data are then reported whenever the prediction error exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Three Essays on Asymmetric Information, Bank Regulation, and the Optimal Structure of Corporate Debt

This dissertation analyzes syndicated loans to borrowing firms and their mixtures of public and private debt. I find that agency conflicts lead to more concentrated syndicates of banks. Good creditor rights protection can mitigate this effect. Banks exploit different bank regulations across countries when granting syndicated loans. Companies have target bank debt ratios which are higher for opaque firms and firms whose CEOs have strong equity incentives. The latter move faster to their targets.
Formulation and Evaluation of Taste Masked Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Promethazine Hydrochloride

Purpose: To mask the bitter taste of the widely used antiallegic drug, Promethazine Hydrochloride(PMZ HCL), and to formulate it into patient-compliant and convenient fast disintegrating tablets. Methods: Taste masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride was achieved by microencapsulation using amino alkyl methacrylate copolymers (Eudragit E100) employing the solvent evaporation technique. Taste assessment was carried out by time intensity metod. Sublimation method was used, using camphor as subliming agent, sodium starch glycolate and crosspovidone as a super-disintegrant was used to prepare fast disintegrating tablets. Tablets were evaluated with regard to a variety of pharmacopoeial tests, drug release, and disintegration time in the oral cavity. Results: The time intensity method confirmed tasteless nature of the optimized microspheres. In vitro dissolution studies at pH 6.8 showed that no significant amount of drug is released while tablet is in mouth and approximately 92.3% of the release takes place in 15 min at gastric pH of 0.1N HCl indicating that tastemasking the drug with the pH-sensitive polymer does not affect the release of the drug in the stomach. Conclusions: Sensory evaluation for taste by a time inetensity method on 6 healthy volunteers confirms the successful formulation of the oral palatable fast disintegrating tablets which disintegrates in the oral cavity in 15±0.4 s.