Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of structural determinants for inhibition strength and specificity of wheat xylanase inhibitors TAXI‐IA and TAXI‐IIA

Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI)‐type inhibitors are active against microbial xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 11, but the inhibition strength and the specificity towards different xylanases differ between TAXI isoforms. Mutational and biochemical analyses of TAXI‐I, TAXI‐IIA and Bacillus subtilis xylanase A showed that inhibition strength and specificity depend on the identity of only a few key residues of inhibitor and xylanase [Fierens K et al. (2005) FEBS J272, 5872–5882; Raedschelders G et al. (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun335, 512–522; Sørensen JF & Sibbesen O (2006) Protein Eng Des Sel19, 205–210; Bourgois TM et al. (2007) J Biotechnol130, 95–105]. Crystallographic analysis of the structures of TAXI‐IA and TAXI‐IIA in complex with glycoside hydrolase family 11 B. subtilis xylanase A now provides a substantial explanation for these observations and a detailed insight into the structural determinants for inhibition strength and specificity. Structures of the xylanase–inhibitor complexes show that inhibition is established by loop interactions with active‐site residues and substrate‐mimicking contacts in the binding subsites. The interaction of residues Leu292 of TAXI‐IA and Pro294 of TAXI‐IIA with the −2 glycon subsite of the xylanase is shown to be critical for both inhibition strength and specificity. Also, detailed analysis of the interaction interfaces of the complexes illustrates that the inhibition strength of TAXI is related to the presence of an aspartate or asparagine residue adjacent to the acid/base catalyst of the xylanase, and therefore to the pH optimum of the xylanase. The lower the pH optimum of the xylanase, the stronger will be the interaction between enzyme and inhibitor, and the stronger the resulting inhibition.
At Risk Youth: A Transitory State? Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Briefing Paper 24.

By definition, youth transitions involve young people moving between school, post-school study and employment. It is a time of flux, as young people try out different school, post-school work and study options. But are those who don’t find work immediately likely to make a poor transition? Given that many may well have a spell out of the labour force, we need to understand when this becomes a risk factor.
Three Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Tell Why People Do Right.

This paper presents the results of a small preliminary investigation of the moral judgment of three children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) using case study research methodology to describe their moral orientations and explore how their reasoning patterns might affect the development of a cooperative moral orientation. Data were gathered using a moral dilemma interview protocol developed specifically for the study. Results showed that all three of the children valued punishment because it defines right from wrong and coerces obedience, but they also reasoned that avoiding punishment can sometimes motivate people to do that which they know they should not. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to the overuse of punishment, the placement of children with EBD in highly restrictive special education settings, and the potential social cognitive benefits of using positive behavioral supports to include students with EBD in the classroom community.
Geo-registration and Interactive Control for Distributed Camera Networks

Distributed camera networks typically consist of a very large number of cameras. Often, it is difficult to manage and control these cameras in an efficient and intuitive manner. In this paper we present an application study of a camera registration technique used to create an interactive control system. We argue that such a system improves efficiency for controlling a large network of cameras. We first describe the PTZ camera registration technique. Next, we present an interactive map-based system to effectively manage surveillance tasks. We demonstrate that the framework improves efficiency in a distributed camera network by allowing users to concentrate on the environment itself rather than placement and view of individual cameras.
Correction: Computational Fact Checking from Knowledge Networks

There is an error in the last sentence of the “Validation on factual statements” section of the Results. The sentence should read: With this method we estimate that, in the four subject areas, true statements are assigned higher truth values than false ones with probability 95%, 98%, 100%, and 95%, respectively. Fig 4 is incorrect. Please view the corrected figure below. Fig 4 Receiver Operating Characteristic for the multiple questions task. For each confusion matrix depicted in Fig 3 we compute ROC curves where true statements correspond to the diagonal and false statements to off-diagonal elements. The red dashed line represents the performance of a random classifier.
Men's and Women's Perceptions of Effort during Progressive-Resistance Strength Training

Previously sedentary adult men (M age = 34.3 yr.) and women (M age = 41.8 yr.) participated in a 25-wk. , 7-station circuit-training program designed to evaluate the effects of a low-volume (1 set) and a high-volume (3 set) exercise regimen on the development of muscular strength. Participants completed the Borg scale of perceived exertion immediately following a chest-press exercise and a leg-extention exercise. Neither exercise volume nor sex classification was related to participants' ratings of exertion; however, exertion ratings for both exercises increased over the course of training.
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Fine-grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts

Recent advances in miniaturization and low-cost, low-power design have led to active research in large-scale networks of small, wireless, low-power sensors and ac-tuators. Time synchronization is critical in sensor networks for diverse purposes including sensor data fusion, coordinated actuation, and power-efficient duty cycling. Though the clock accuracy and precision requirements are often stricter than in traditional distributed systems, strict energy constraints limit the resources available to meet these goals. We present Reference-Broadcast Synchronization, a scheme in which nodes send reference beacons to their neighbors using physical-layer broadcasts. A reference broadcast does not contain an explicit timestamp; instead , receivers use its arrival time as a point of reference for comparing their clocks. In this paper, we use measurements from two wireless implementations to show that removing the sender's nondeterminism from the critical path in this way produces high-precision clock agreement (1.85 ± 1.28µsec, using off-the-shelf 802.11 wireless Ethernet), while using minimal energy. We also describe a novel algorithm that uses this same broadcast property to federate clocks across broadcast domains with a slow decay in precision (3.68 ± 2.57µsec after 4 hops). RBS can be used without external references , forming a precise relative timescale, or can maintain microsecond-level synchronization to an external timescale such as UTC. We show a significant improvement over the Network Time Protocol (NTP) under similar conditions.
Thermal-Aware Placement Based on FM Partition Scheme and Force-Directed Heuristic

Temperature-tracking is becoming of paramount importance in modern electronic design automation tools. In this paper, we present a deterministic thermal placement algorithm for standard cell based layout which can lead to a smooth temperature distribution over the die. It is mainly based on Fiduccia-Mattheyses partition scheme and a former substrate thermal model that can convert the known temperature constraints into the corresponding power distribution constraints. Moreover, a kind of force-directed heuristic based on cells' power consumption is introduced in the above process. Experimental results demonstrate a comparatively uniform temperature distribution and show a reduction of the maximal temperature on the die.
Lessons From Cognitive Neuropsychology for Cognitive Science: A Reply to

A recent article in this journal (Patterson & Plaut, 2009) argued that cognitive neuropsychology has told us very little over the past 30 or 40 years about "how the brain accomplishes its cognitive business. " This may well be true, but it is not important, because the principal aim of cognitive neuropsychology is not to learn about the brain. Its principal aim is instead to learn about the mind, that is, to elucidate the functional architecture of cognition. I show that this is so (a) via extensive quotations from leading figures in this field and (b) by analysis of the subject matter of articles in the leading journal in the field, Cognitive Neuropsychology. Recent reviews of the past 25 years of work in this field (Coltheart & Caramazza, 2006) have concluded that cognitive neuropsychology has told us much about the functional architecture of cognition in a variety of cognitive domains. Patterson and Plaut (2009) did not consider this aim of cognitive neuropsychology. Therefore, their conclusions that cognitive neuropsychology has not been successful, and that this is because the particular methods it uses are flawed, are not justified.
A Novel Method of Corner Detection for Multicolor Pseudo-random Encoded Image

A novel method of corner detection for multicolor pseudo-random encoded image is proposed. With this method, the unique window characteristics of pseudo-random array pattern is extended to multicolor images, and by using quadratic curve fitting to pixel gray level around the feature point and solving its extreme value, the sub-pixel location of corner in multicolor pseudo-random code can be implemented.
Efficient Temporal Blocking for Stencil Computations by Multicore-Aware Wavefront Parallelization

We present a pipelined wavefront parallelization approach for stencil-based computations. Within a fixed spatial domain successive wavefronts are executed by threads scheduled to a multicore processor chip with a shared outer level cache. By re-using data from cache in the successive wavefronts this multicore-aware parallelization strategy employs temporal blocking in a simple and efficient way. We use the Jacobi algorithm in three dimensions as a prototype or stencil-based computations and prove the efficiency of our approach on the latest generations of Intel's x86 quad- and hexa-core processors.
Effects of ethanol on photoreceptors and visual function in developing zebrafish.

PURPOSE Children born to mothers who have consumed alcohol during pregnancy have an array of retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunctions. In the past, rodent systems have been used to study the teratogenic effects of ethanol on vertebrate embryonic development. The exact developmental windows in which ethanol causes specific developmental defects have been difficult to determine because rodents and other mammals develop in utero. In this study, we characterized how ethanol affects the function and development of the visual system in an ex utero embryonic system, the zebrafish. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were raised in fish water containing various concentrations of ethanol from 2 to 5 days after fertilization. The effects of ethanol on retinal morphology were assessed by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses and those on retinal function were analyzed by optokinetic response (OKR) and electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS Zebrafish embryos exposed to moderate and high levels of ethanol during early embryonic development had morphological abnormalities of the eye characterized by hypoplasia of the optic nerve and inhibition of photoreceptor outer segment growth. Ethanol treatment also caused an increased visual threshold as measured by the OKR. Analysis with the ERG indicated that there was a severe reduction of both the a- and b-waves, suggesting that ethanol affects the function of the photoreceptors. Indeed, low levels of ethanol that did not cause obvious morphologic changes in either the body or retina did affect both the OKR visual threshold and the a- and b-wave amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol affects photoreceptor function at low concentrations that do not disturb retinal morphology. Higher levels of ethanol inhibit photoreceptor development and cause hypoplasia of the optic nerve.
Development of a System to Collect Social Network Data from College Students for Future Studies in Health Behavior and Academic Performance

Researchers study social networks to understand how individuals with similar behavior form clusters, and what causes them to do so. Universities are interested in learning more about influential factors of student behavior, including the impact that their social networks have on these behaviors. We have done foundational work to collect a dataset about UCSD student social network data gathered from Facebook and academic data from the UCSD Registrar. Once complete, the social network portion of this dataset will also be combined with datasets on health behaviors, potentially to build predictive models for depression, substance abuse, and other important conditions
Ability and Achievement Variables in Average, Low Average, and Borderline Students and the Roles of the School Psychologist

This study contributes to ongoing research in the field of school psychology by examining some of the effects of using the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) to classify students aged 6-16 years according to their results on an individual measure of intelligence, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC-III, 1991). Levels of achievement in word-reading and mathematics calculation were compared for 196 students classified as Average (IQ ranging from 90-109), Low Average (IQ ranging from 80-89), or Borderline (IQ ranging from 70-79). In all cases the Low Average and Borderline groups’ achievement levels differed significantly from that of the Average group. The fact that reading and mathematics abilities were not differentiated when Low Average and Borderline groups were compared calls into question the veracity of these labels.
A narrative exposition of serial murder in South Africa

This study explores the phenomenon of serial murder from the perspective of narrative psychology. Using a case study approach and a grounded theory analytical process this qualitative study utilised the narrative concept of the imago to explore the motivation and development of those who commit serial murder in South Africa. The aim is increase our theoretical understanding of serial murder in directions that support offender profiling. Semi-structured interviews with two South African men who committed serial murder were undertaken and analysed alongside archival data. Their imagoes formed the focus of the analysis. This analysis included a consideration of how the individual’s motivations and developmental patterns were reflected in their crime scenes. This study demonstrated that imagoes play a significant role in the motives for offending, and development of offence behaviours, in men who commit serial murder. The imagoes help create motives; then embody these motives by encouraging and justifying certain types of behaviour in the individual. Interactions between imagoes were particularly significant in this regard. The dominant imago associated with the individual’s self was also associated with the development of a behavioural template for offending, and was thus especially significant in embodying motive. The development of offending was further encouraged by the separation between imagoes involved in offending and those that are not. However differences between the case studies were also observed, such as the extent to which imagoes develop in interaction
SZTAKI @ ImageCLEF 2011

We participated in the ImageCLEF 2011 Photo Annotation and Wikipedia Image Retrieval Tasks. Our approach to the ImageCLEF 2011 Photo Annotation is based on a kernel weighting procedure using visual Fisher kernels and a Flickr-tag based JensenShannon divergence based kernel. We trained a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to define a generative model over the feature vectors extracted from the image patches. To represent each image with high-level descriptors we calculated Fisher vectors from different visual features of the images. These features were sampled at various scales and partitions such as Harris-Laplace detected patches, scale and spatial pyramids. We calculated distance matrices from the descriptors of train images to combine different high-level descriptors and the tag based similarity matrix. With this uniform representation we had the possibility to learn the natural weights for each category over the different type of descriptors. This re-weightning resulted 0.01838 MAP increase over the average kernel results. We used the weighted kernels for learning linear SVM models for each of the 99 concepts independently. For the Wikipedia Image Retrieval Task we used the search engine of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences as our information retrieval system that is based on Okapi BM25 ranking. We calculated light Fisher vectors to represent the content of the images and performed nearest-neighbour search on them.
Multicasting Tree Transformation for Concurrent Modest Multimedia Service

In mOBCP (mini-overlay broadcasting control protocol), Multicasting tree transformation has proved to provide a modest service for multi-viewers sharing content-source. A mechanism is proposed to apply the tree transformation function in mOBCP to provide efficient real-time, concurrent service. The multimedia trees transformed have maximum peak RTT values of about 0.6 seconds - better than TBCP and HMTP. The proposed mOBCP does well in terms of session connections. This implies that a better, modest service can be provided, especially when multi-viewers increase. The number of hosts against the group size after tree reconstruction seems to be the best. The maximum average relative delay penalty (ARDP) of less than six units indicates that the mOBCP welcomes modest services in multimedia groups with affordable penalty, regardless of the number of hosts. The transformed trees constructed/reconstructed perform better in terms of tree costs, average RTT, number of hosts, and ARDP.
Investigation of Bunsen flame dynamics by the method of characteristics

Understanding the dynamics and the stabilization of flames is important for practical applications and for theoretical research. Here, we investigate the time evolution of a Bunsen flame in a Poiseuille flow from an initially flat profile to a stationary front position by using a G-equation-based kinematic model. The transient flame positions are given by the solution of the G-equation. To find the solutions of the non-linear G-equation, the analytical method of characteristics is employed resulting in analytic expressions in terms of elliptic integrals for the location of the characteristics and for the location of the flame front along the characteristics. By employing the secant method in inverting the implicit relation giving the location of the characteristics, an analytical-numerical description of the transient position of the location of the flame front is derived. The transient Bunsen flame reaches in finite time a stationary position, whose analytical expression recovers the steady solution of the G-equation for a Poiseuille flow. The stationary position is proved to be stable with respect to small perturbations of the flame front. The time required for stabilization is further characterized by employing a detailed analytical investigation.
Historical occupational isocyanate exposure levels in two Canadian provinces

ABSTRACT Isocyanates such as toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) are known sensitizers and exposure to these chemicals can result in isocyanate-induced asthma—the leading cause of occupational asthma. A newly created exposure database was available containing occupational isocyanate measurements spanning 1981–1996 from Ontario and British Columbia (BC)—two of the largest provinces in Canada. The aim was to describe the historical measurements relative to exposure thresholds, ascertain differences in the data between provinces, and identify time trends. Descriptive statistics of the observations were summarized and stratified by isocyanate species and province. Chi-square tests and Student's t-test were performed to determine differences between provinces. To investigate time trends in the odds of a measurement exceeding the limit of detection (LOD) and time-weighted average (TWA), mixed effects logistic regression models were constructed. In total, 6,984 isocyanate measurements were analyzed, the majority of which were below the LOD (79%). Overall, 8.3% of samples were in excess of the 2014 TLV-TWA of 0.005 ppm. Comparing the two provinces, the proportion of samples exceeding the LOD and TLV-TWA was greater in BC for all isocyanate species. Differences in time trends were also observed between provinces—the odds of a sample exceeding the TLV-TWA decreased over time in the case of MDI (Ontario only), TDI (both Ontario and BC), and other isocyanates (BC only). Our finding that a majority of the exposure measurements was below the LOD is similar to that reported by others. Differences between provinces may be due the fact that isocyanates are classified as a designated substance in Ontario and must adhere to specific exposure control regulations. Limitations of the database, such as finite number of variables and measurements available until 1996 only, presents challenges for more in-depth analysis and generalization of results. An argument is made that a Canadian occupational exposure database be maintained to facilitate risk assessments as well as for occupational epidemiology research.
Visual memory and visual mental imagery recruit common control and sensory regions of the brain

Separate lines of research have shown that visual memory and visual mental imagery are mediated by frontal-parietal control regions and can rely on occipital-temporal sensory regions of the brain. We used fMRI to assess the degree to which visual memory and visual mental imagery rely on the same neural substrates. During the familiarization/study phase, participants studied drawings of objects. During the test phase, words corresponding to old and new objects were presented. In the memory test, participants responded “remember,” “know,” or “new. ” In the imagery test, participants responded “high vividness,” “moderate vividness,” or “low vividness. ” Visual memory (old-remember) and visual imagery (old-high vividness) were commonly associated with activity in frontal-parietal control regions and occipital-temporal sensory regions. In addition, visual memory produced greater activity than visual imagery in parietal and occipital-temporal regions. The present results suggest that visual memory and visual imagery rely on highly similar––but not identical––cognitive processes.
Data-driven image color theme enhancement

It is often important for designers and photographers to convey or enhance desired color themes in their work. A color theme is typically defined as a template of colors and an associated verbal description. This paper presents a data-driven method for enhancing a desired color theme in an image. We formulate our goal as a unified optimization that simultaneously considers a desired color theme, texture-color relationships as well as automatic or user-specified color constraints. Quantifying the difference between an image and a color theme is made possible by color mood spaces and a generalization of an additivity relationship for two-color combinations. We incorporate prior knowledge, such as texture-color relationships, extracted from a database of photographs to maintain a natural look of the edited images. Experiments and a user study have confirmed the effectiveness of our method.