Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Differentiation Equipped Variable Elimination for Sensitivity Analysis on Probabilistic Inference Queries

Probabilistic Models are a natural framework for describing the stochastic relation1 ships between variables in a system to perform inference tasks, such as estimating 2 the probability of a specific set of conditions or events. In application it is often 3 appropriate to perform sensitivity analysis on a model, for example, to assess the 4 stability of analytical results with respect to the governing parameters. However, 5 typical programming language are cumbersome for encoding and reasoning with 6 complex models and current approaches to sensitivity analysis on probabilistic 7 models are not scalable, as they require repeated computation or estimation of the 8 derivatives of complex functions. To overcome these limitations, and to enable effi9 cient sensitivity analysis with respect to arbitrary model queries, e.g., P (X|Y = y), 10 we propose to use Automatic Differentiation to extend the Probabilistic Program11 ming Language Figaro. 12
Risk of bleeding associated with combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antiplatelet therapy following acute myocardial infarction

Background: Patients prescribed antiplatelet treatment to prevent recurrent acute myocardial infarction are often also given a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to treat coexisting depression. Use of either treatment may increase the risk of bleeding. We assessed the risk of bleeding among patients taking both medications following acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using hospital discharge abstracts, physician billing information, medication reimbursement claims and demographic data from provincial health services administrative databases. We included patients 50 years of age or older who were discharged from hospital with antiplatelet therapy following acute myocardial infarction between January 1998 and March 2007. Patients were followed until admission to hospital due to a bleeding episode, admission to hospital due to recurrent acute myocardial infarction, death or the end of the study period. Results: The 27 058 patients in the cohort received the following medications at discharge: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (n = 14 426); clopidogrel (n = 2467), ASA and clopidogrel (n = 9475); ASA and an SSRI (n = 406); ASA, clopidogrel and an SSRI (n = 239); or clopidogrel and an SSRI (n = 45). Compared with ASA use alone, the combined use of an SSRI with antiplatelet therapy was associated with an increased risk of bleeding (ASA and SSRI: hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.87; ASA, clopidogrel and SSRI: HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.61–3.42). Compared with dual antiplatelet therapy alone (ASA and clopidogrel), combined use of an SSRI and dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with an increased risk of bleeding (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.32). Interpretation: Patients taking an SSRI together with ASA or dual antiplatelet therapy following acute myocardial infarction were at increased risk of bleeding.
Patients with Impairment of Multiple Joints after a Total Joint Replacement Benefit from Three Weeks’ Intensive Exercise Training Directly Following Hospital Discharge.

Purpose: To examine the influence of a three weeks' intensive exercise training directly following hospital discharge for total hip or knee arthroplasty in patients with multiple joint disease, on physical function, quality of life, and general health. Method: This is a post-hoc analysis of a subsection of 100 patients with elective hip or knee arthroplasty included in a previous randomized controlled trial. The intervention group (n=53) received intensive exercise training (IET) for three weeks in a dedicated resort; the control group (n=47) was treated with usual care (UC). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after three, 13, 26, and 52 weeks. Repeated measurement analyses were performed. The primary outcome was recovery of function measured by the HAQ. Results: After three weeks and continuing over one year, the patients in the IET group benefited from the program significantly with respect to physical function (HAQ), quality of life (SF36), functional ability, and general health (MACTAR) as compared with the control group. The intensive training did not increase the pain. Conclusions: Intensive exercise training with education immediately after hospital discharge has short- and long-term benefits for patients with multiple joint disease after total joint replacement surgery of hip and knee.
Herpes simplex virus vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infection.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of an antiherpetic vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infections. METHODS Twenty patients with herpes simplex virus 1-related recurrent keratitis/keratouveitis were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a specific vaccination with heat shock-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (10 patients) or to be observed as controls (10 patients). The number, duration, and anatomic localization of relapses were recorded in all the patients for 12 months before inclusion in the study and for a similar period after the assignment of each subject to vaccine or control group. RESULTS In the vaccine group, we observed a reduction both in the number (p = 0.016) and average duration (p = 0.050) of recurrences, whereas in the control group, no significant change was found comparing a 12-month period before and after inclusion in the study. The comparison between the two groups highlighted a significant reduction in the number (p = 0.013) and average duration (p = 0.051) of relapses in treated subjects, who did not show any significant vaccine-induced side effects. CONCLUSION The use of a vaccination with heat shock-inactivated herpes simplex virus 1 seems to be able to reduce the number and duration of relapses in herpes simplex virus 1-related keratitis/keratouveitis.
A Comparison of Preferred Treatment Outcomes Between Children With ADHD and Their Parents

Objective: The newest guidelines for the treatment of ADHD call for the formation of an individualized treatment plan based on collaboration. Because the process of collaboration requires the communication of desired outcomes, the authors’ goal is to examine the preferred outcomes of treatment for ADHD for children and parents. Method: A preferred outcomes questionnaire is used to gather data. A listing of the outcomes in ranked order is generated for each group. Spearman’s rho is used to generate comparative data. Results: Our results indicate a significant correlation between the preferred outcomes of the children and the parents. There is one outlier regarding the use of medication. Conclusion: The existence of the single outlier concerning the use of medication may infer that an assessment of the child’s feelings regarding a medication regimen is therapeutically indicated.
Evaluation of Cerebellar Asymmetry in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Stereological Study

Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and, as previous studies have indicated, degenerative changes in the cerebellum occur in AD. It is well known that the cerebellum does not have a symmetric morphology and some pathological disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism and alcoholism, can cause asymmetrical changes in the cerebellum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether or not patients with AD show cerebellar asymmetry. We also intended to depict the probable volumetric asymmetry by using a stereological technique. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated the volu- metric measurements of each cerebellar hemisphere by applying a stereological method to MR images. This age- and gender-matched study was composed of 15 patients with probable AD and 14 healthy subjects (controls). MR images were analyzed by using the point-counting approach, holding to Cavalieri’s principle. Results: Although there was significant cerebellar atrophy in AD patients, the study showed no statistically significant cerebellar asymmetry according to age and gender, both in the study and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There was no difference in cerebellar asymmetry associated with age and gender between the AD patients and control subjects. The stereological evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry correlating with gender is of importance to both clinicians and anatomists. The technique is simple, inexpensive, reliable and unbiased.
Wnt5a–Rac1–NF-kB Homeostatic Circuitry Sustains Innate Immune Functions in Macrophages

Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2014 by The American Association of 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3994. The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., is published twice each month by The Journal of Immunology at U iv of C alifnia-San D igo Seials/B om ed L ib 0699 on A ril 2, 2014 hp://w w w jim m unl.org/ D ow nladed from
SR-based binary classification in credit scoring

Credit scoring is an important process in every financial institution and bank. Its high accuracy in classifying customers helps decrease the credit risk and increase reliability and profit. In this paper, we propose a binary classification approach that can classify customers who apply for loans. A statistical technique called Stepwise Regression (SR) is used as a pre-process to select important features for the classifier. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is the classification model type that has been chosen. The concept of confusion matrix combined with business rules has been used for obtaining an appropriate classification model. Based on the experimentation, we find that our method, SR-based Binary Classification, has the accuracy rate of 95.65%, which is higher than using ANN alone (91.30%).
Highlights for the cytology community from the 2015 American Thyroid Association clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules and well‐differentiated thyroid cancer

The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has published its 2015 clinical guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules and well-differentiated thyroid cancer (proof available at: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/ 10.1089/thy.2015.0020). This expansive document, inclusive of 101 clinical recommendations, was developed through the review and interpretation of all the available published evidence to date, and the expert analysis by 16 committee members over a 2-year period. The goal of the 2015 ATA guidelines is to optimally inform the care of patients with thyroid disease. Many advances are evident since the previous publication of the 2009 clinical guidelines, and are worthy of mention and further discussion. This commentary was written to highlight several of the recommendations in this important clinical guideline, with a special focus on those aspects most directly relevant to cytology practitioners, most notably thyroid nodule detection and evaluation, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and cytological interpretation, and novel molecular analysis. Thyroid nodules are common, and the purpose of evaluating them is to detect malignancy, which occurs in approximately 8% to 15% of all nodules. The initial evaluation of a thyroid nodule should include measurement of serum thyrotropin followed by thyroid ultrasonography. The intent of thyroid ultrasound is to accurately identify, measure, and sonographically characterize all relevant thyroid nodules. Sonographic features such as the cystic content, the presence of microcalcifications, and parenchymal echogenicity should be documented because each has been shown to modify the risk that any nodule will prove cancerous, especially when present in combination. New to the 2015 ATA guidelines, sonographic interpretation should categorize each nodule as high, intermediate, low, or very low risk. For sonographically high-risk and intermediate-risk nodules, FNA, usually performed with ultrasound guidance, is recommended when the nodule measures >1 cm in maximal diameter. For nodules with low-risk or very low-risk sonographic patterns, FNA is recommended when nodules measure >1.5 cm and 2 cm, respectively. Purely cystic nodules do not require FNA given their benign nature. However, if a purely cystic nodule is aspirated for therapeutic purposes, cytology evaluation should be performed. Together, these new
Molecular characterization of mo1, a recessive gene associated with Lettuce mosaic potyvirus resistance in lettuce.

Lettuce mosaic, caused by the potyvirus LMV, is a serious viral disease of lettuce crops world-wide. Beside seed control, one of the leading strategies to control LMV is the use of the recessive resistance genes mo1π and mo1≤. In an attempt to characterize the functional role of the translation initiation factor eIF4E in lettuce susceptibility to LMV, we cloned Ls-eIF4E cDNAs from a collection of lettuce cultivars. Data including sequence co-variation among nineteen lettuce genotypes, genetic co-segregation and functional complementation using two different bio-assays indicated that Ls-eIF4E is mo1.
Kidney function and the risk of cardiovascular events in HIV-1-infected patients

Objective:Cardiovascular events (CVEs) are a significant cause of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. The objective is to determine the correlation between kidney function and the risk of CVEs in the HIV-infected population. Design:Nested, matched, case–control study design was employed. Methods:We performed a single-center study of 315 HIV-infected patients (63 patients who had CVEs and 252 controls). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, and proteinuria were the primary exposures of interest. Results:Mean eGFR was significantly lower in the patients compared with controls (68.4 vs. 103.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001 by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula and 69.0 vs. 103.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001 by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation). In univariate analysis, an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was associated with a 15.9-fold increased odds of a CVE compared with an eGFR of at least 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, a 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR was associated with a 20% increased odds of a CVE (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.4). The prevalence of proteinuria in the patients was approximately twice that of controls (51 vs. 25%, P < 0.001). Proteinuria was associated with CVEs both in univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.9–7.0 and odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.8, respectively). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as history of previous CVEs, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, along with low CD4 cell counts were also found as significant predictors of risk of CVEs. Conclusion:Our study shows a significant independent association between decreased kidney function and increased risk of CVE in HIV-1-infected patients.
Transversus Abdominis Block: Clinical Uses, Side Effects, and Future Perspectives

Poorly controlled acute pain during the postoperative setting after abdominal surgery can be detrimental to the patient. Current pain management practices for the postoperative abdominal surgery patient rely heavily on opioids, which are associated with many unwanted side effects. Recently, interest surrounding regional anesthesia has been growing owing to its demonstrated efficacy and safety outcomes. More specifically, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block procedure has attracted attention owing to its ability to successfully block peripheral pain signaling in the abdomen, its ease of use, few complications, and its greater acceptability. A majority of the studies published has demonstrated the successful reduction in pain in many abdominal surgical procedures using local anesthetics during the TAP block. However, the short duration of the pain block causes the patient to still rely on other analgesics throughout the additional postoperative days. Preliminary studies using continuous infusion catheters placed in the TAP has been one of the ways to prolong the nerve block in the abdomen; however, technical and operational issues currently limit the widespread adoption of this method. In this review, current studies will be presented and summarized to update the field on the potential benefits of the TAP block procedure, in addition to providing insight into the future direction of the drugs that could be used for TAP block.
Anatomy of the Replication Origin of Plasmid ColE2-P9

ABSTRACT The plasmid ColE2-P9 origin is a 32-bp region which is specifically recognized by the plasmid-specified Rep protein to initiate DNA replication. We analyzed the structural and functional organization of the ColE2 origin by using various derivatives carrying deletions and single-base-pair substitutions. The origin may be divided into three subregions: subregion I, which is important for stable binding of the Rep protein; subregion II, which is important for binding of the Rep protein and for initiation of DNA replication; and subregion III, which is important for DNA replication but apparently not for binding of the Rep protein. The Rep protein might recognize three specific DNA elements in subregions I and II. The relative transformation frequency of the autonomously replicating plasmids carrying deletions in subregion I is lower, and nevertheless the copy numbers of these plasmids in host bacteria are higher than those of the wild-type plasmid. Efficient and stable binding of the Rep protein to the origin might be important for the replication efficiency to be at the normal (low) level. Subregion II might be essential for interaction with the catalytic domain of the Rep protein for primer RNA synthesis. The 8-bp sequence across the border of subregions II and III, including the primer sequence, is conserved in the (putative) origins of many plasmids, the putative Rep proteins of which are related to the ColE2-P9 Rep protein. Subregion III might be required for a step that is necessary after Rep protein binding has taken place.
Biocompatibility of new nanostructural materials based on active silicate systems and hydroxyapatite: in vitro and in vivo study.

AIM To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo inflammatory response to new nanostructural materials based on active calcium silicate systems (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS). METHODOLOGY Cytotoxicity of eluates of new nanostructural noncommercial materials CS and HA-CS, and MTA (White MTA, Angelus(®) Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil) as a control, were tested using the MTT assay on MRC-5 cells. Eluates of set materials were tested in 100% and 50% concentrations, 24 h, 7 days and 21 days post-elution. The pH values were determined for undiluted eluates of set materials. Polyethylene tubes containing the test materials (CS, HA-CS, MTA) were implanted in subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. Histopathological examinations were conducted at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after the implantation. Data were statistically analyzed using three-way and one-way anova Tukey's post hoc test as well as Kruskall-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test at α = 0.05. RESULTS All materials significantly reduced cell viability; especially when undiluted eluates were used (P < 0.001). After 24 h elution, cell viability was 10 ± 1.8%, 49.5 ± 4.2% and 61 ± 7.4%, for MTA, and HA-CS, respectively. However, CS and HA-CS were significantly less toxic than the control material MTA (P < 0.05). Cytotoxicity could be at least partially attributed to pH kinetics over time. Dilution of eluates of all tested materials resulted in better cell survival. Histopathological examination indicated similar inflammatory reaction, vascular congestion and connective tissue integrity associated with CS, HA-CS and MTA at each observation period (P > 0.05). The only significant difference was found for capsule thickness, that is thicker capsule was associated with HA-CS compared to MTA at 60 days (P = 0.0039). HA-CS induced moderately thick capsules (median score 3, score range 2-3), whereas MTA resulted in thin capsule formation (median score 2, score range 1-3). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of cytotoxicity and inflammatory response indicated better biocompatibility of CS and HA-CS, in comparison with MTA (White MTA, Angelus(®) Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil).
Internalization and Trafficking of Cell Surface Proteoglycans and Proteoglycan‐Binding Ligands

Using multicolor live cell imaging in combination with biochemical assays, we have investigated an endocytic pathway mediated by cell surface proteoglycans, primary receptors for many cationic ligands. We have characterized this pathway for a variety of proteoglycan‐binding ligands including cationic polymers, lipids and polypeptides. Following clathrin‐ and caveolin‐independent, but flotillin‐ and dynamin‐dependent internalization, proteoglycan‐bound ligands associate with flotillin‐1‐positive vesicles and are efficiently trafficked to late endosomes. The route to late endosomes differs considerably from that following clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. The proteoglycan‐dependent pathway to late endosomes does not require microtubule‐dependent transport or phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3‐OH kinase‐dependent sorting from early endosomes. The pathway taken by these ligands is identical to that taken by an antibody against heparan sulfate proteoglycans, suggesting that this mechanism may be used generally by cell surface proteoglycans and proteoglycan‐binding ligands that lack secondary receptors.
The Relation between Students’ Implicit Researcher-Gender Associations and Perceptions of a Research Career

Associations between the researcher occupation and gender, and the relation between such associations and career considerations, were examined. Study 1 revealed that students’ perception of the researcher stereotype corresponds more to their perception of the male than the female stereotype. In study 2, the more females implicitly associated the role of researcher with women, the higher they rated their perceived competence as researchers, and the stronger their interest in a future research career tended to be. The results are discussed in relation to in-group preferences and stereotype threat.