Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Throughput for Traffic Grooming with Limited Grooming Resources

In SONET/WDM networks, low-rate traffic demands are usually multiplexed to share a high-speed wavelength channel. The multiplexing/de-multiplexing is known as traffic grooming and performed by SONET add-drop multiplexers (SADM). The grooming factor, denoted by k, is the maximum number of low-rate traffic demands that can be multiplexed into one wavelength channel. SADMs are expensive and thus a critical optimization problem for traffic grooming is to maximize the number of accommodated traffic demands subject to a given number of SADMs. In this paper, we focus on the unidirectional path-switched ring (UPSR) networks with unitary duplex traffic demands. We assume that each network node is equipped with a limited number L of SADMs, and our objective is to maximize the throughput for a given set of traffic demands. We prove the NP-hardness of this Maximum Throughput traffic grooming problem, and propose a (k+1)-approximation algorithm. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the algorithm. We also study the case that the given set of traffic demands is the all-to-all set. We propose an algorithm which accommodates at least (nL|radick|)/2 traffic demands, and prove that an optimal solution can accommodate at most nLradick/radic2 traffic demands for the all-to-all set on a UPSR network of n nodes. The solution of our algorithm is at most a constant factor (about radic2) away from the optimal solution.
AUDIO-VISUAL RELIABILITY ESTIMATES USING STREAM ENTROPY FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION

We present a method for multimodal fusion based on the estimated reliability of each individual modality. Our method uses an information theoretic measure, the entropy derived from the state probability distribution for each stream, as an estimate of reliability. Our application is audio-visual speech recognition. The two modalities, audio and video, are weighted at each time instant according to their reliability. In this way, the weights vary dynamically and are able to adapt to any type of noise in each modality, and more importantly, to unexpected variations in the level of noise.
Influence of stent-assisted angioplasty on cognitive function and affective disorder in elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis

Background We aimed to investigate cognitive function and affective disorder in elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis (SVAS) after stent-assisted angioplasty (SAA) and to explore the potential mechanism. Material/Methods The study subjects were 26 elderly SVAS patients who were non-responsive to pharmacotherapy and received SAA (study group) and 30 patients receiving intracoronary stent implantation (control group). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD), and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) were used. Results The total MoCA score, scores of line connection, copying cube, drawing clock, and delayed recall increased significantly in the study group after surgery (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the MoCA score increased over time and the total MoCA score at 12 months was markedly higher than that at 1 month (P<0.05). The scores of HAMD and HAMA decreased dramatically after surgery compared with before surgery in these patients (P<0.01). A comparison at the corresponding period was performed between study group and control group, and it was found that the differences in total MoCA scores and scores of line connection, copying cube, drawing clock, and delayed recall before surgery and at 1 month after surgery were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusions SAA may improve the visuospatial/executive abilities and delayed recall, as well as the depression and anxiety in patients with SVAS. Larger and controlled trails are needed to investigate the effect of SAA on cognition and affection in these patients.
Case report: extreme patient positioning for retinal surgery in advanced kyphosis.

PURPOSE To describe the atypical intraoperative positioning of a kyphosis patient resulting in successful retinal detachment repair. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 66-year-old man presented with bilateral vision loss, and pars plana lensectomy and retinal detachment repair were planned for the left eye. Innovative surgical positioning was required for the patient's severe ankylosing spondylitis-related kyphosis, a fixed 90° curvature of his cervical spine. With straps, orthopedic padding and surgical tape, he was securely placed head-down on the operating table. No intraoperative complications occurred, and the retina remained attached at follow-up. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of special positioning for a 90° kyphosis patient requiring retinal surgery. Extreme spinal curvature can hinder suitable horizontal positioning of the eye, but resourceful solutions can make surgical repair possible.
Ingroup Membership and Academic Selection

T O0 WHAT extent does membership in academic ingroups influence selection to faculty posts? We took as criteria of ingroup membership three factors: (I) academic training leading to the successful completion of one or more degrees at Indiana University; (2) known friendship ties between personnel in this and another university; and finally (3) blood and marriage ties between faculty and nonfaculty people. That is, our purpose was to determine how these factors influence the appointment of new staff. The data presented cover all faculty appointments, instructor and above, made in Indiana University from January i, i885, to June 30, 1937. These dates were chosen because they mark the beginning of David Starr Jordan's and the end of William Lowe Bryan's presidencies. The 802 appointments did not include visiting professors, lecturers, army officers, athletic coaches and other special, or part time personnel. The data will be presented in the order of the criteria enumerated to determine ingroup relationship. Because the administrative system informally delegated the selection of new staff almost entirely to the department head or dean,' it enabled him to place the selection of his men on a personal basis, if he chose to do so. The whole system was built up around personal relationships and personal authority, from the president down to instructors. We mean by the phrase "personal relationships" that men in their day to day experiences build up friendships, sentimental attachments, biases, and antipathies toward the men with whom they work. These evaluations usually take the form of emotional attitudes, and act as strong ties binding men together, as well as diverting them into hostile groups. I. Alumni Appointments. Alumni of Indiana University who were known to the faculty, and, in a sense, automatically members of the university ingroup, comprised 42.89 percent of the 802 appointees from i885 to 1937.2 The selection of staff on the basis of personal biases is evident in certain departments, such as Botany (i6 to 6), Chemistry (21 to 2), Mathematics (i9 to 9), and Physics (i9 to 7), which have appointed alumni to faculty positions in almost all cases. The figures clearly demonstrate that member-
LiveLabs: initial reflections on building a large-scale mobile behavioral experimentation testbed

We believe that, for successful adoption of novel mobile technologies and applications, it is important to be able to test them under real usage patterns, and with real users. To implement this vision, we present our initial effort in building LiveLabs, a large-scale mobile testbed for in-situ experimentation. LiveLabs is unique in two aspects. First, LiveLabs operates on a scale much larger than most research testbeds it is being deployed in four different public spaces in Singapore (a university campus, a shopping mall, an airport and a leisure resort), and is expected to have a pool of over 30,000 opt-in participants. Second, LiveLabs not only instruments smartphones and the infrastructure to gather deep individual and collective context, but also provides a unique experimentation platform that automates many aspects of behavioral experimentation, such as subject selection and context-triggered delivery of interventions. We briefly describe some of the research challenges associated with building such a large-scale deep-context collection testbed, as well as the current status of LiveLabs. We then share our perspectives on the challenges of setting up and operating such testbeds, with the expectation that our experiences will prove useful to other researchers looking to build similar testbeds elsewhere.
An EKF-SLAM algorithm with consistency properties

In this paper we address the inconsistency of the EKF-based SLAM algorithm that stems from non-observability of the origin and orientation of the global reference frame. We prove on the non-linear two-dimensional problem with point landmarks observed that this type of inconsistency is remedied using the Invariant EKF, a recently introduced variant ot the EKF meant to account for the symmetries of the state space. Extensive Monte-Carlo runs illustrate the theoretical results.
A Modular Rule-Based Visual Interactive Creation of Tree-Shaped Geo-Located Networks

Geo-located networks are analyzed in various domains such as supply chain management. When simulating supply chain processes or when testing geo-visualization techniques, synthetic test datasets are needed. However, real world data are difficult to obtain and artificial data are cumbersome to create manually. In this paper, we present an interactive visual tree network generator that not only generates a network, but also attaches geo-locations to its nodes. We designed a modular rulebased system to control the generation process. A user can interactively use rules to parametrize the data generation process. The user can visually explore and adjust results intermediately after each generation iteration.
Correlation of sleep EEG frequency bands and heart rate variability

Sleep apnoea is a sleep breathing disorder which causes changes in cardiac and neuronal activity and discontinuities in sleep pattern when observed via electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG). This paper presents a pilot study result of assessing the correlation between EEG frequency bands and ECG Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in normal and sleep apnoea human clinical patients at different sleep stages. In sleep apnoea patients, the results have shown that EEG delta, sigma and beta bands exhibited a strong correlation with cardiac HRV parameters at different sleep stages.
A Comparison of the Number of Men Who Have Sex with Men among Rural-To-Urban Migrants with Non-Migrant Rural and Urban Residents in Wuhan, China: A GIS/GPS-Assisted Random Sample Survey Study

Background Mobile populations and men who have sex with men (MSM) play an increasing role in the current HIV epidemic in China and across the globe. While considerable research has addressed both of these at-risk populations, more effective HIV control requires accurate data on the number of MSM at the population level, particularly MSM among migrant populations. Methods Survey data from a random sample of male rural-to-urban migrants (aged 18-45, n=572) in Wuhan, China were analyzed and compared with those of randomly selected non-migrant urban (n=566) and rural counterparts (580). The GIS/GPS technologies were used for sampling and the survey estimation method was used for data analysis. Results HIV-related risk behaviors among rural-to-urban migrants were similar to those among the two comparison groups. The estimated proportion of MSM among migrants [95% CI] was 5.8% [4.7, 6.8], higher than 2.8% [1.2, 4.5] for rural residents and 1.0% [0.0, 2.4] for urban residents, respectively. Among these migrants, the MSM were more likely than non-MSM to be older in age, married, and migrated to more cities. They were also more likely to co-habit with others in rental properties located in new town and neighborhoods with fewer old acquaintances and more entertainment establishments. In addition, they were more likely to engage in commercial sex and less likely to consistently use condoms. Conclusion Findings of this study indicate that compared to rural and urban populations, the migrant population in Wuhan consists of a higher proportion of MSM who also exhibit higher levels of HIV-related risk behaviors. More effective interventions should target this population with a focus on neighborhood factors, social capital and collective efficacy for risk reduction.
A Positive Theory of Fiscal Deficits and Government Debt in a Democracy

This paper considers an economy in which policymakers with different preferences concerning fiscal policy alternate in office as a result of democratic elections. It is shown that in this situation government debt becomes a strategic variable used by each policymaker to influence the choices of his successors. In particular, if different policymakers disagree about the desired composition of government spending between two public goods, the economy exhibits a deficits bias. Namely, in this economy debt accumulation is higher than it would be with a social planner. According to the results of our model, the equilibrium level of government debt is larger: the larger is the degree of polarization between alternating governments; and the more likely it is that the current government will not be reelected. The paper has empirical implications which may contribute to explain the current fiscal policies in the United States and in several other countries.
Reproductive toxicity assessment of lasofoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in female rats.

BACKGROUND Lasofoxifene is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). With high affinity to the alpha and beta human estrogen receptors and greater potency than other SERMs, lasofoxifene is potentially a superior treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In light of the known effects of estrogen-modulating compounds on female reproductive indices, two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of lasofoxifene on female rat cyclicity, reproduction, and parturition. METHODS One study evaluated effects of lasofoxifene on estrous cyclicity, and the second study assessed effects on implantation and parturition. In the cyclicity study, lasofoxifene was administered to female rats at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days. After treatment, there was a 3-week reversibility phase followed by a mating phase. In the implantation study, lasofoxifene was administered to pregnant female rats at doses of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days (gestation day [GD] 0-6). Some animals were euthanized on GD 21, and the remainder of the group was allowed to deliver the F1 generation. Several developmental indices were evaluated in the F1 pups through post-natal day (PND) 21. RESULTS In the cyclicity study, all lasofoxifene-treated females were anestrous by Study Day 7 (1.0 mg/kg) or 9 (0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg). The reversibility phase resulted in restoration of normal estrous cycles by the end of 1 (0.1 mg/kg) or 2 weeks (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg). During the mating phase, no adverse effects occurred in pregnancy success or reproductive parameters. In the implantation study, all doses of lasofoxifene increased pre- and post-implantation losses, increased gestation length, and reduced litter size. None of the developmental parameters measured on the F1 generation was adversely affected. CONCLUSION Lasofoxifene reversibly altered the estrous cycle and inhibited implantation, consistent with what would be expected from a member of the SERM class.
Effects of Goal Commitment and Solution Building on the Completion Rates for a Juvenile Diversion Program

Strengths-based, goal-focused approaches to working with at-risk youth have been successfully used by mentoring programs, therapeutic interventions, prevention programs, and self-help groups. However, few such approaches have been used to inform juvenile diversion programs. This is partially explained by limited empirical research on mechanisms of change used by goal-focused interventions in populations of young offenders. The authors use goal-setting theory to explore the effects of goal commitment and solution building on program completion, in a sample of violent first-time offenders (N = 159). Mediation effects of solution building in the relationship between goal commitment and program completion were tested using both Baron and Kenny’s and Preacher and Hayes’s approaches. Results showed that high goal commitment and solution building were significant predictors of program completion. In addition, solution building fully mediated the impact of goal commitment on program completion. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
High precision RC-oscillator using R-2R ladder for digital calibration

This paper presents a fully integrated RC-type relaxation oscillator with high precision over supply, temperature and process calibration by trimming, achieving 50ppm/°C maximum temperature coefficient and 1% final accuracy in the operating range. The low sensitivity to 1.8V supply is achieved by ratio metric technique and generating supply proportional voltage reference and current source. The small size trimming step of 0.3% and high step linearity is achieved by current source, which use 9 bit R-2R ladder network. The circuit is manufactured at 180nm technology.
An LP Formulation and Approximation Algorithms for the Metric Labeling Problem

We consider approximation algorithms for the metric labeling problem. This problem was introduced in a paper by Kleinberg and Tardos [26], and captures many classification problems t hat arise in computer vision and related fields. They gave an approximation for the general case where is the number of labels, and a -approximation for the uniform metric case. (In fact, the bound for general metrics can be improved to by the work of Fakcheroenphol, Rao, and Talwar [16].) Subsequently, Gupta and Tardos [18] gave a -approximation for the truncated linear metric, a metric motivated by practical applications to image restoration and visual correspondence. In this paper we introduce an integer programming formulation and show that the integrality gap of its linear relaxation either matches or i mproves the ratios known for several cases of the metric labeling problem studied until now, providing a unified approach to solving them. In particular, we show that the integrality gap of our LP is bounded by for a general -point metric and for the uniform metric thus matching the known ratios. We also develop an algorithm based on our LP that achieves a ratio of for the truncated linear metric improving the earlier known ratio of . Our algorithm uses the fact that the integrality gap of the LP is on a linear metric.
EXACT AND SUPERLATIVE PRICE AND QUANTITY INDICATORS

The traditional economic approach to index number theory is based on a ratio of cost functions. Diewert defined superlative price and quantity indices as observable indices that were exact for a ratio of unit cost functions or for a ratio of linearly homogeneous utility functions. The present paper looks for counterparts to his results in the difference context, for both flexible homothetic and flexible nonhomothetic preferences. The Bennet indicators of price and quantity change turn out to be superlative for the nonhomothetic case. The underlying preferences are of the translation-homothetic form discussed by Balk, Chambers, Dickenson, Färe, and Grosskopf.
Fcγ Receptor–Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages Lacking the Src Family Tyrosine Kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn

Macrophage Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) mediate the uptake and destruction of antibody-coated viruses, bacteria, and parasites. We examined FcγR signaling and phagocytic function in bone marrow–derived macrophages from mutant mice lacking the major Src family kinases expressed in these cells, Hck, Fgr, and Lyn. Many FcγR-induced functional responses and signaling events were diminished or delayed in these macrophages, including immunoglobulin (Ig)G-coated erythrocyte phagocytosis, respiratory burst, actin cup formation, and activation of Syk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2. Significant reduction of IgG-dependent phagocytosis was not seen in hck − /−fgr − /− or lyn − /− cells, although the single mutant lyn − /− macrophages did manifest signaling defects. Thus, Src family kinases clearly have roles in two events leading to FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, one involving initiation of actin polymerization and the second involving activation of Syk and subsequent internalization. Since FcγR-mediated phagocytosis did occur at modest levels in a delayed fashion in triple mutant macrophages, these Src family kinases are not absolutely required for uptake of IgG-opsonized particles.
Production Scheduling of Batch Processes Based on Adaptive DE Algorithm

Production scheduling problems and traditional differential evolution(DE) are analyzed in this paper. Taking the minimum of total completion time as the objective function of production scheduling, a production scheduling model is established for batch processes in process industry.Considering that the performance of the traditional DE algorithm is sensitive to the parameter settings,an adaptive control evolution strategy is used to control the parameter scale factor F and crossover probability CR to solve the problem of parameter settings. Taking a practical production problem as a scheduling example,the established model and adaptive DE algorithm are applied to implement the production scheduling simulation. The simulation results show that compared with the ant colony system(ACS) algorithm,the adaptive DE algorithm is effective and feasible.
Relationship Between Small-Size Medial Orbital Wall Fracture and Late Enophthalmos

According to the result of retrospective studies for patients who have not taken medical treatment, most patients experience late enophthalmos and perceive their facial asymmetry. Thus, correct diagnosis method and concrete operative indication were required for medial orbital wall fracture. Retrospective investigation on all patients with facial trauma, who had visited the emergency room between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2006, was made. Height and longitudinal length of the defect were obtained, and computed tomographic scan of the defect area was obtained. The degree of enophthalmos was measured, and investigation on enophthalmos and presence of facial asymmetry perceived by the patients was made. When the defect area of medial orbital wall fracture was 0.55 cm2, late enophthalmos of 1 mm occurred, and patients with late enophthalmos of 1 mm or more perceived their enophthalmos and facial asymmetry. In conclusion, medial orbital wall fracture whose defect area is 0.55 cm2 or more requires operation.
- 1-DISTRIBUTED DATA MANAGEMENT : UNSOLVED PROBLEMS AND NEW

Distributed database technology is expected to have a significant impact on data processing in the upcoming years. With the introduction of commercial products, expectations are that distributed database management systems will by and large replace centralized ones within the next decade. In this paper, we reflect on the promises of distributed database technology, take stock of where we are, and discuss the issues that remain to be solved. We also present new research issues, such as distributed object-oriented systems, distributed knowledge bases, multiprocessor data servers, and distributed multidatabase systems, that arise with the introduction of new technology and the subsequent relaxation of some of the assumptions underlying current systems.