Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NORC at the University of Chicago The University of Chicago Under Pressure ? The Effect of Peers on Outcomes of Young Adults

Under Pressure? The Effect of Peers on Outcomes of Young Adults Author(s): Sandra E. Black, Paul J. Devereux, and Kjell G. Salvanes Source: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (January 2013), pp. 119-153 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Society of Labor Economists and the NORC at the University of Chicago Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/10.1086/666872 . Accessed: 19/04/2013 15:50
Adolescent Girls' Perception of Health within a Leisure Context

Abstract The study examined middle school females' perceptions of physical activity, eating, and physical health within a leisure context. A qualitative approach was used to gain a deeper understanding of the significance girls place on health behaviors and factors that go into their decisions about leisure time activity and eating. Four focus groups were conducted with 28 girls in 6th through 8th grades. Four themes emerged from the analyses: perceptions of health, family, and food, social norms, and enjoyment. Results are summarized regarding how healthy diets and physical activity participation in adolescent girls can be associated with promoting enjoyable leisure. Theoretical implications of these data relate to the importance of enjoyment and leisure as prerequisites for healthy behaviors and how social cognitive theory helps explain these relationships.
An efficient frequency compensation scheme for CMFB loop in fully differential amplifiers

This paper proposes an efficient frequency compensation scheme for common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop in fully differential amplifiers (FDAs). In the proposed scheme, a compensating capacitor, CC, is inserted to introduce an additional zero that compensates the non-dominant pole caused by parasitic capacitors, without compromising the differential-mode performance. Using the proposed compensation scheme, the CMFB loop achieves enough phase margin. Simulation results show that the phase margin is improved from 37° to 58°, 64° with CC = 75 fF, 150 fF, respectively, when the load capacitor is 3 pF, while the power consumption remains largely the same.
Quantitative phenotypic and pathway profiling guides rational drug combination strategies

Advances in target-based drug discovery strategies have enabled drug discovery groups in academia and industry to become very effective at generating molecules that are potent and selective against single targets. However, it has become apparent from disappointing results in recent clinical trials that a major challenge to the development of successful targeted therapies for treating complex multifactorial diseases is overcoming heterogeneity in target mechanism among patients and inherent or acquired drug resistance. Consequently, reductionist target directed drug-discovery approaches are not appropriately tailored toward identifying and optimizing multi-targeted therapeutics or rational drug combinations for complex disease. In this article, we describe the application of emerging high-content phenotypic profiling and analysis tools to support robust evaluation of drug combination performance following dose-ratio matrix screening. We further describe how the incorporation of high-throughput reverse phase protein microarrays with phenotypic screening can provide rational drug combination hypotheses but also confirm the mechanism-of-action of novel drug combinations, to facilitate future preclinical and clinical development strategies.
Sleep and breathing on the first night after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea

Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has established effectiveness for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, more than 20% of children with OSA have respiratory compromise requiring medical intervention in the postoperative period. The reasons for this complication are not well‐defined. We aimed to compare the nature and severity of sleep‐disordered breathing in children with mild and severe OSA on the first night following adenotonsillectomy. Ten children were classified into groups of mild and severe OSA, based on preoperative testing. On the first night after T&A, they underwent polysomnography, including electroencephalograph, submental electromyography, bilateral electro‐oculograms, monitoring of respiratory movements, heart rate, ECG, and oxygen saturation. Sleep‐disordered breathing was assessed by the apnea‐hypopnea index, the SaO2 nadir, and the desaturation index, including dips in saturation below 90% (DI90). Sleep quality was assessed by sleep efficiency, time spent in each sleep state, and respiratory arousal index. Obstructive events occurred postoperatively in all children, but were more frequent in those with severe OSA preoperatively: the median (interquartile range) mixed/obstructive apnea/hypopnea indicies were 6.9 (2.2–9.8) events/hr and 21.5 (15.1–112.1) events/hr for the mild OSA group and the severe OSA group, respectively (P = 0.009). Obstructive events were the major cause of desaturation during sleep postoperatively. Sleep quality was severely disrupted in both groups, with reductions in both slow‐wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In conclusion, despite removal of obstructing lymphoid tissue, upper airway obstruction occurred on the first postoperative night in children with OSA. This study is the first to demonstrate the mechanism of respiratory compromise after adenotonsillectomy, a common postoperative complication in children with severe OSA. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:332–338. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local‐circuit neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 25, 32 and 24b) in the rat: Morphology and quantitative distribution

This paper is a light microscopical study describing the detailed morphology and quantitative distribution of local circuit neurones in areas 25, 32, and 24b of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the rat. Cortical interneurones were identified immunocytochemically by their expression of calretinin (CR), parvalbumin (PV), and calbindin D‐28k (CB) immunoreactivity. Neurones immunoreactive for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also investigated, as were interneurones containing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase activity. Several distinct classes of CR+, PV+, and CB+ neurones were identified; the most frequent were: bipolar/bitufted CR+ cells in upper layer 3; multipolar PV+ neurones in layers 3 and 5; and bitufted/multipolar CB+ neurones in lower layer 3. CB+ neurones resembling Martinotti and neurogliaform cells were also present in layers 5/6. The morphologies and depth distributions of each cell type were consistent across the three areas of mPFC studied.
Robust Interactive Collision Handling between Tools and Thin Volumetric Objects

Treating the interactions of soft tissue with rigid user-guided tools is a difficult problem. This is particularly true if the soft tissue has a slender shape, i.e., resembling a thin shell, and if the underlying numerical time-integration scheme employs large time steps. In this case, large mutual displacements of both the tool and the soft tissue occur frequently, resulting in deep interpenetrations or breakthroughs. As a consequence, the computation of spatially and temporally coherent contact spaces turns out to be very challenging. In this paper, an approach is proposed that is tailored to these kinds of interactions. To solve this problem, a novel spatially reduced representation of the soft tissue geometry is employed where the dominant dimensions of the object are approximated by a 2D triangle surface, while the third dimension is given in terms of nodal radii. To construct a feasible, nonpenetrating configuration, a novel manifold projection scheme is presented where the colliding triangles are rasterized into a distance field in order to robustly estimate the contact spaces, even for large intersections. The method produces physically plausible results, albeit it is purely geometric, and the material parameters are neglected at the collision response stage. Various examples, including an interactive prototype arthroscopy simulator, underline the wide applicability of the approach.
The autobiography of addiction: Autobiographical reasoning and psychological adjustment in abstinent alcoholics

The narration of drinking experiences plays a central role in many alcohol rehabilitation programmes, yet few researchers have considered whether alcoholics' stories about such experiences relate to their psychological adjustment. Here we examine the extent to which drinking stories of abstinent alcoholics reflect autobiographical reasoning processes denoting self-change and self-stability, and whether these processes are associated with adjustment. Participants who revealed a positive self-change in their narratives about drinking demonstrated higher levels of self-esteem, authentic pride, and mental health compared to those who did not. In contrast, those who implied a sense of self-stability in their narratives demonstrated higher levels of hubristic pride and aggression, and poorer mental health. These results suggest that narrating positive self-change in the wake of substance abuse may underlie psychological adjustment, whereas establishing self-stability in these experiences may impede adjustment. More broadly, these findings underscore the importance of recognising the multi-dimensional nature of autobiographical reasoning.
The Role of the Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap in Limb‐Sparing Surgery for Bone Sarcomas of the Distal Femur: A Proposed Classification of Muscle Transfers

&NA; Limb‐sparing surgery for bone and soft‐tissue sarcomas involves three phases: (1) resection of the tumor with free margins, (2) reconstruction of the bone and joint defect, and (3) reconstruction of the soft tissues. This presentation focuses on the third phase. Between January of 1988 and January of 1994 we performed 33 distal femoral resections, 32 for malignant and 1 for benign tumors. There were 19 men and 14 women aged from 6 to 78 years (mean age 28 years). Twenty‐seven patients had gastrocnemius muscle flap transfers, 24 having “primary” transfers and 3 having “secondary” transfers. The lateral gastrocnemius muscle was used in 18 patients, the medial in 8 patients, and both in 1 patient. We propose a classification of the transfers based on the size of the soft‐tissue defect above the prosthesis needing coverage and the length of the neurovascular bundle of the muscle. Twenty‐six of the 27 muscles survived; one patient had necrosis of the skin and muscle. Two patients had persistent sinuses at the scar that were managed successfully (one of them was before a secondary muscle transfer). Six patients did not have gastrocnemius muscle flap transfers. Two of them had persistent sinuses for years, and one patient had titanium “synovitis” and needed repeated operations including removal of the prosthesis and revision. The particular vascularization of the gastrocnemius muscle (one pedicle at the level of the knee joint) situated close to its origin, the size of the muscle belly, and the fact that it is situated in the dissection field and its transfer does not affect the function of the spared limb make it particularly suitable for the coverage of wide areas of skin and muscle loss at the knee region. In the classification that we propose, type I is reserved for coverage of small areas, while types II and III are used for coverage of larger areas. Flap transfer should be performed primarily at the time of the resection in order to avoid complications of wound healing and to reduce delays in chemotherapy protocols. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 99: 751, 1997.)
Hyperspectral image classification method based on orthogonal NMF and LPP

In order to improve the classification accuracy of hyperspectral image, its internal relations and mutual relations should be paid attention to. This paper proposes a compound non-linear dimensionality reduction method with the help of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to show the relationships between samples within the same class and locality preserving projections (LPP) to show the relationships between classes. Combining with the advantages of the two algorithms, the proposed method makes data samples within a class closer and data samples between different classes farther after the projection by containing orthogonal constraints for datasets. Together with maximum-likelihood classifiers, all the methods mentioned above constitute the classification method for real hyperspectral data. Experimental results show its advantage in parameter adaption and classification accuracy.
Block-Interlaced LDPC Decoders With Reduced Interconnect Complexity

Two design techniques are proposed for high-throughput low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders. A broadcasting technique mitigates routing congestion by reducing the total global wirelength. An interlacing technique increases the decoder throughput by processing two consecutive frames simultaneously. The brief discusses how these techniques can be used for both fully parallel and partially parallel LDPC decoders. For fully parallel decoders with code lengths in the range of a few thousand bits, the half-broadcasting technique reduces the total global wirelength by about 26% without any hardware overhead. The block interlacing scheme is applied to the design of two fully parallel decoders, increasing the throughput by 60% and 71% at the cost of 5.5% and 9.5% gate count overhead, respectively.
Cellular mechanisms of atrial contractile dysfunction caused by sustained atrial tachycardia.

BACKGROUND Transient atrial contractile dysfunction ("atrial stunning") follows conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm and has significant clinical implications; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the hypothesis that rapid atrial activation (as during AF) impairs cellular contractility and affects cellular Ca2+ handling. METHODS AND RESULTS Edge detection and indo 1 fluorescence techniques were used to measure unloaded cell shortening and intracellular Ca2+ transients in atrial myocytes from control (Ctl) dogs and dogs subjected to atrial pacing at 400 bpm for 7 (P7) or 42 (P42) days. Atrial tachycardia reduced fractional cell shortening (0.1 Hz) from 7.3+/-0.4% (Ctl) to 4.3+/-0.3% and 2.0+/-0.3% in P7 and P42 dogs, respectively (P<0.01 for each). Resting [Ca2+]i was not altered in paced dogs, but the systolic Ca2+ transient was significantly reduced. Furthermore, cells from paced dogs showed slowed relaxation and use-dependent decreases of Ca2+ transients and cell shortening compared with cells from Ctl dogs. To determine whether changes in Ca2+ transients account fully for alterations in contractility, we varied [Ca2+]o to evaluate the relation between Ca2+ transients and cell shortening. Reductions in Ca2+ transients in Ctl cells reduced shortening to the level of paced cells; however, when Ca2+ transients in P42 cells were elevated to the range of Ctl cells, a significant reduction in cell shortening remained. Similar results were obtained in dogs that maintained 1:1 capture throughout the monitoring period and dogs that developed sustained AF over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Sustained atrial tachycardia causes important reductions in cellular contractility, in part by impairing cellular Ca2+ handling and decreasing systolic Ca2+ transients. These results provide direct evidence for the concept that AF induces atrial contractile dysfunction by causing a tachycardia-induced atrial cardiomyopathy.
An adaptive matching algorithm for image inpainting

Image inpainting has a great value in many applications such as digital culture protection, film special effects production, virtual reality simulation and excrescent objects removal from video. This paper firstly compared four different inpainting algorithms, including linear interpolation, texture synthesis, edge inward expansion and radial basis function. Their different properties for image inpainting are analyzed and after that, this paper proposed a revised inpainting algorithm. The main idea is that the damaged image may be divided into different blocks and each block has corresponding characteristics. Then our adaptive matching algorithm will automatically select appropriate method to do inpainting to each block and get optimal inpainting result. Experiments show the adaptive algorithm can do image inpainting more effectively and efficiently.
A New Dual-Stator Bidirectional-Modulated PM Machine and Its Optimization

A novel dual-stator bidirectional-flux modulated permanent magnet (PM) machine is presented in this paper. The key of the design is to locate consequent PM poles in both stator and rotor sides and the merit is that the magnetic flux produced by either the rotating or stationary PMs and dual-stator windings can be modulated by the stator teeth and rotor iron segments. It is shown that with this flux modulation effect and improved reluctance torque effect, the torque density of the machine can be increased. The bidirectional flux modulation theory and operation principle of the machine are explained and analyzed using time-stepping finite element method.
The deletable Bloom filter: a new member of the Bloom family

We introduce the Deletable Bloom filter (DlBF) as a new spin on the popular data structure based on compactly encoding the information of where collisions happen when inserting elements. The DlBF design enables false-negative-free deletions at a fraction of the cost in memory consumption, which turns to be appealing for certain probabilistic filter applications.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of PKD Inhibitors

Protein kinase D (PKD) belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases that play an important role in basic cellular processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Progress in our understanding of the biological functions of PKD has been limited due to the lack of a PKD-specific inhibitor. The benzoxoloazepinolone CID755673 was recently reported as the first potent and kinase-selective inhibitor for this enzyme. For structure-activity analysis purposes, a series of analogs was prepared and their in vitro inhibitory potency evaluated.
Survey of various feature extraction and classification techniques for facial expression recognition

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive study of latest and most famous facial features extraction techniques and as well as classification techniques. We studied these techniques in two different perspectives; one is spatial domain and other is frequency domain. We found many advantages and disadvantages of each technique inside one domain and as well in between different domains. We observed that Local Binary Pattern is a new technique and now it is becoming very famous technique in spatial domain. LBP simply knows about micro patterns using the comparison with neighbour pixel grey scale values. Lot of work on LBP has yielded its different extensions which have optimized the base concept of LBP operator. Frequency domain covers the techniques which transform images into frequency domain and use either cosine or sine waves to extract the facial features. This method is a very strong and precise that only two to three features have the ability to describe the facial expressions. We have also studied different classification techniques in domain of facial expressions classification. In most of the solutions classification is done through KNN classifier. K Nearest Neighbour is a successful and non-parametric technique of machine learning in supervised learning techniques.
Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

SUMMARY During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.
Towards inter-organizational Enterprise Architecture Management - Applicability of TOGAF 9.1 for Network Organizations

Network organizations and inter-organizational systems (IOS) have recently been the subjects of extensive research and practice. Various papers discuss technical issues as well as several complex business considerations and cultural issues. However, one interesting aspect of this context has only received adequate coverage so far, namely the ability of existing Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) frameworks to address the diverse challenges of inter-organizational collaboration. The relevance of this question is grounded in the increasing significance of IOS and the insight that many organizations model their architecture using such frameworks. This paper addresses the question by firstly conducting a conceptual literature review in order to identify a set of challenges. An EAM framework was then chosen and its ability to address the challenges was evaluated. The chosen framework is The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) 9.1 and the analysis conducted with regard to the support of network organizations highlights which issues it deals with. TOGAF serves as a good basis to solve the challenges of “Process and Data Integration” and “Infrastructure and Application Integration”. Other areas such as the “Organization of the Network Organization” need further support. Both the identification of challenges and the analysis of TOGAF assist academics and practitioners alike to identify further research topics as well as to find documentation related to inter-organizational problems in EAM.
Development and evaluation of seven DOF MIA ARM

This study aims to realize passive impedance control of the robot joint by mechanical elements (MIA), and to develop an anthropomorphic manipulator using this mechanism. The mechanism has the advantage of conventional method of the force control in realizing high compliance. The manipulator which employs this joint mechanism is appropriate for the human-robot cooperative tasks, because each joint can realize safety motion. This paper presents a development of the anthropomorphic manipulator (seven DOF MIA ARM) which consists of shoulder, elbow and wrist. This paper also describes a dynamic model of multiple-DOF MIA and an experimental evaluation of the seven DOF MIA ARM by means of trajectory control. The experimental results show that the seven DOF MIA ARM can realize high performance in motion control with consideration to the effect of dynamics, selfweight and damping.