Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition and Favoritism in Bank Loan Markets

Abstract This paper shows that compared to average-looking borrowers, good-looking borrowers have a loan approval rate which is 4 percentage points higher, whereas plain-looking borrowers pay a significantly higher interest rate (1 percentage point higher). However, this beauty premium only exists in concentrated markets where banks have enough market power to discriminate against the plain-looking borrowers or to show favor towards the good-looking. Once competition intensifies, the beauty premium disappears. Therefore, promoting banking market competition could considerably enhance the efficient allocation of credit by mitigating taste-based favoritism.
Neutrophil Involvement in Cross-Priming CD8+ T Cell Responses to Bacterial Antigens1

Substantial CD8+ T cell responses are generated after infection of mice with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes strains expressing a model epitope (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus NP118–126) in secreted and nonsecreted forms. L. monocytogenes gains access to the cytosol of infected cells, where secreted Ags can be accessed by the endogenous MHC class I presentation pathway. However, the route of presentation of the nonsecreted Ag in vivo remains undefined. In this study we show that neutrophil-enriched peritoneal exudate cells from L. monocytogenes-infected mice can serve as substrates for in vitro cross-presentation of both nonsecreted and secreted Ag by dendritic cells as well as for in vivo cross-priming of CD8+ T cells. In addition, specific neutrophil depletion in vivo by low dose treatment with either of two Ly6G-specific mAb substantially decreased the relative CD8+ T cell response against the nonsecreted, but not the secreted, Ag compared with control Ab-treated mice. Thus, neutrophils not only provide rapid innate defense against infection, but also contribute to shaping the specificity and breadth of the CD8+ T cell response. In addition, cross-presentation of bacterial Ags from neutrophils may explain how CD8+ T cell responses are generated against Ags from extracellular bacterial pathogens.
Superpositioning of behaviors learned through teleoperation

This paper reports that the superposition of a small set of behaviors, learned via teleoperation, can lead to robust completion of an articulated reach-and-grasp task. The results support the hypothesis that a robot can learn to interact purposefully with its environment through a developmental acquisition of sensory-motor coordination. Teleoperation can bootstrap the process by enabling the robot to observe its own sensory responses to actions that lead to specific outcomes within an environment. It is shown that a reach-and-grasp task, learned by an articulated robot through a small number of teleoperated trials, can be performed autonomously with success in the face of significant variations in the environment and perturbations of the goal. In particular, teleoperation of the robot to reach and grasp an object at nine different locations in its workspace enabled robust autonomous performance of the task anywhere within the workspace. Superpositioning was performed using the Verbs and Adverbs algorithm that was developed originally for the graphical animation of articulated characters. The work was performed on Robonaut, the NASA space-capable humanoid at Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
Methyl 2-((2Z,5Z)-2-{(E)-2-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazin-1-ylidene}-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate

In the title compound, C20H17N3O4S, all non-H atoms, except those of the phenyl ring, are approximately coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.2214 (1) Å], and the dihedral angle between their best plane and the benzene ring is 53.13 (1)°. A short intramolecular O⋯S contact of 2.838 (1) Å is formed between the ester carbonyl O atom and the S atom of the thiazolidine ring. In the crystal, molecules associated via O—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds form layers parallel to (010), with only C—H⋯O-type short contacts between the molecules in adjacent layers.
Retirement Behavior in the U.S. and Europe

We develop a retirement model featuring various labor market exit routes: unemployment, disability, private and public pensions. The model allows for saving and uncertainty along several dimensions, including health and mortality. Individuals’ preferences are estimated on data from the U.S. and Europe using institutional variation across countries. We analyze the roles of preferences and institutions in explaining international heterogeneity in retirement behavior. Preliminary estimates suggest that a single set of preferences for individuals from the U.S., the Netherlands and Spain does not fit the data well. Were Europeans to have the same preferences as Americans, they would save less than they actually do. Furthermore, the Dutch and Spanish would work more hours than is observed in the data.
Facultative mimicry: cues for colour change and colour accuracy in a coral reef fish

Mimetic species evolve colours and body patterns to closely resemble poisonous species and thus avoid predation (Batesian mimicry), or resemble beneficial or harmless species in order to approach and attack prey (aggressive mimicry). Facultative mimicry, the ability to switch between mimic and non-mimic colours at will, is uncommon in the animal kingdom, but has been shown in a cephalopod, and recently in a marine fish, the bluestriped fangblenny Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos, an aggressive mimic of the juvenile cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus. Here we demonstrate for the first time that fangblennies adopted mimic colours in the presence of juvenile cleaner fish; however, this only occurred in smaller individuals. Field data indicated that when juvenile cleaner fish were abundant, the proportion of mimic to non-mimic fangblennies was greater, suggesting that fangblennies adopt their mimic disguise depending on the availability of cleaner fish. Finally, measurements of spectral reflectance suggest that not only do mimic fangblennies accurately resemble the colour of their cleaner fish models but also mimic other species of fish that they associate with. This study provides insights into the cues that control this remarkable facultative mimicry system and qualitatively measures its accuracy.
Inorganic Phosphate Induces Spore Morphogenesis and Enterotoxin Production in the Intestinal Pathogen Clostridium perfringens

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is an important virulence factor for food poisoning and non-food borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although CPE production is strongly regulated by sporulation, the nature of the signal(s) triggering sporulation remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that inorganic phosphate (Pi), and not pH, constitutes an environmental signal inducing sporulation and CPE synthesis. In the absence of Pi-supplementation, C. perfringens displayed a spo0A phenotype, i.e., absence of polar septation and DNA partitioning in cells that reached the stationary phase of growth. These results received support from our Northern blot analyses which demonstrated that Pi was able to counteract the inhibitory effect of glucose at the onset of sporulation and induced spo0A expression, indicating that Pi acts as a key signal triggering spore morphogenesis. In addition to being the first study reporting the nature of a physiological signal triggering sporulation in clostridia, these findings have relevance for the development of antisporulation drugs to prevent or treat CPE-mediated GI diseases in humans.
The Evaluation of Vocal Pitch Accuracy

The objective analysis of Western operatic singing voices indicates that professional singers can be particularly “out of tune. ” This study aims to better understand the evaluation of operatic voices, which have particularly complex acoustical signals. Twenty-two music experts were asked to evaluate the vocal pitch accuracy of 14 sung performances with a pairwise comparison paradigm, in a test and a retest. In addition to the objective measurement of pitch accuracy (pitch interval deviation), several performance parameters (average tempo, fundamental frequency of the starting note) and quality parameters (energy distribution, vibrato rate and extent) were observed and compared to the judges’ perceptual rating. The results show high intra and interjudge reliability when rating the pitch accuracy of operatic singing voices. Surprisingly, all the parameters were significantly related to the ratings and explain 78.8% of the variability of the judges’ rating. The pitch accuracy evaluation of operatic voices is thus not based exclusively on the precision of performed music intervals but on a complex combination of performance and quality parameters.
On the throughput of cognitive radio MIMO systems assisted with UAV relays

We analyze the achievable rates of a cognitive radio MIMO system assisted by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay. The primary user (PU) and the secondary user (SU) aim to communicate to the closest primary base station (BS) via a multi-access channel through the same UAV relay. The SU message is then forwarded from the primary BS to the secondary network with a certain incentive reward as a part of the cooperation protocol between both networks. We propose a special linear precoding scheme to enable the SU to exploit the PU free eigenmodes. We, also, present the expression of the power maximizing both primary and secondary rates under power budget, relay power, and interference constraints. In the numerical results, we evaluate the PU and SU rates of proposed scheme with respect to various problem parameters. We also highlight the effect of the UAV altitude on the SU and PU rates. Finally, we show that the relay matrix variation affects both rates that reach their peaks at different values of the matrix.
Interactive comment on “Impact of model resolution on chemical ozone formation in Mexico

The authors present a study about the influence of different grid scaling in the formation of ozone in central Mexico, the study concentrates mainly in the horizontal dimension. In the document the authors explain the chemical model used, also describe the network of measurement sites and explain the issues related to the use of different grid scaling. In the text is presented the results obtained by applying different scales, those results have difference among them. The authors used carbon monoxide (CO) as tracer of the meteorological transport and ozone as photochemical indicator of the differences obtained in the photochemistry.
Overbooking with Endogenous Demand Jingxing ( Rowena )

Using airlines as a backdrop, we study optimal overbooking policies with endogenous customer demand, when customers internalize their expected cost of being bumped. We first consider the traditional setting in which compensation for bumped passengers is fixed and booking limits are the airline’s only form of control. We provide sufficient conditions under which demand endogeneity leads to lower overbooking limits in this case. We then consider the broader problem of joint control of ticket price, bumping compensation, and booking limit. We show that price and bumping compensation can act as substitutes, which reduces the general problem to a more tractable onedimensional search for optimal overbooking compensation and effectively allows the value of flying to be decoupled from the cost of being bumped. Finally, we extend our analysis to the case of auctionbased compensation schemes and demonstrate that these generally outperform fixed compensation schemes. Numerical experiments that gauge magnitudes suggest that fixed-compensation policies that account for demand endogeneity can significantly outperform those that do not and that auction-based policies bring smaller but still significant additional gains.
Analysis of MEN 1 c . 482 G > A ( p . Gly 161 Asp ) mutation in a pedigree with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of neuroendocrine tumors, which in turn are caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene. In the present study, a case of a 46-year-old woman who was clinically diagnosed with MEN1 based on the presence of prolactinoma and bilateral parathyroid adenoma was reported. The patient's serum prolactin (PRL) levels were successfully controlled via bromocriptine therapy, and the serum levels of calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduced one day following parathyroidectomy. Genetic testing revealed a missense mutation c.482G>A (p.Gly161Asp) in exon 3 of the MEN1 gene, and it led to the identification of two carriers in the pedigree (patient's elder sister and brother). Both of the carriers revealed to have high blood calcium, PTH and PRL. The mutation identified in this pedigree has never been reported in China. The sequence alignments and tertiary structure of menin protein were made by Polyphen2, SNPs3D, and SIFT, which were used to predict the function of mutant menin. Since the mutant menin may interfere with the menin-JunD or menin-Smad3 interactions, further investigations are necessary to explore the function of mutant protein. In view of that, identification of mutations and longtime follow-up are important for patients with a pedigree clearly indicating MEN
Some Improvements to the Lucas-Kanade Optical Flow Detector in Motion Tracking

The properties of the Lucas-Kanade detector in motion tracking have been analysed considering the influence of typical signal forms, sampling methods and frequency domain filtering on the accuracy and computation time. Based on the investigation a simple convolution filter has been elaborated which is able to balance low and high frequency information in the images in a single step.
P o S ( Q G Q G S 2 0 1 1 ) 0 0 2 From Classical To Quantum Gravity : Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity

We present an introduction to the canonical quantization of gravity performed in loop quantum gravity, based on lectures held at the 3rd quantum geometry and quantum gravity school in Zakopane in 2011. A special feature of this introduction is the inclusion of new proposals for coupling matter to gravity that can be used to deparametrize the theory, thus making its dynamics more tractable. The classical and quantum aspects of these new proposals are explained alongside the standard quantization of vacuum general relativity in loop quantum gravity.
Learning Representations for Text Classification of Indian Languages

Text Classification is among the primary challenges of natural language processing with multitude of applications including but not limited to sentiment analysis, emoji prediction and topic modeling. Several approaches ranging from rule-based systems to machine learning models have been applied to solve text classification. Neural network models, especially, have shown promising results. However, the models are limited by their reliance on the amount of annotated data. Machine learning models, primarily, operate on numerical data that represent the features of its input. In the case of text classification, the models need extraction of text features relevant to the given problem. This requirement led to the advent of a more specific area analyzing feature engineering called representation learning. Current approaches to learning sentence representations has predominantly been centered around the semantics of a sentence. However, semantic features are often inconsequential in text classification problems. Thus, to bolster task-specific representation learning, models need to learn text features according to the problem, rather than adopting a pre-compiled representation model. With the proliferation of Internet and its penetration into multilingual societies, the linguistic diversity of the real world is now reflected in online communities. Limiting solutions to a set of major languages is no longer viable. Nevertheless, the proliferation is relatively recent and hence the amount of available data in many widely-spoken languages is inadequate. Manual annotation of data is a humongous task and often expensive. Additionally, morphologically rich languages’ property of inflection and agglutination causes data sparsity problems. The possibility of utilizing resource-rich languages as leverage to enhance the performance of text classification in resource-poor languages is fascinating. To this end, the thesis presents a twin Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network with shared parameters consolidated by a contrastive loss function (based on a similarity metric). Fundamentally, the aim is to classify text into multiple categories based on its features. The model jointly learns the text features (or representations) of resource-poor and resource-rich languages in a mutually shared space by utilizing the similarity between their assigned categories. Shared parameters of the Siamese network enable the projection of sentences into a common space and the similarity metric ensures the correctness of the projection.
Identification of Novel p 53-Binding Proteins by Biomolecular Interaction Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

203 Molecular Biotechnology 2003 Humana Press Inc. All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved. 1073–6085/2003/23:3/203–212/$20.00 *Author to whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed: *,2Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi-machi Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; 1Gene Try Co., Ltd, Tokyo 171-0022 Abstract Identification of Novel p53-Binding Proteins by Biomolecular Interaction Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Implementing clinical quidelines in psychiatry

Background: Translating scientific evidence into daily practice is complex. Clinical guidelines can improve health care delivery, but there are a number of challenges in guideline adoption and implementation. Factors influencing the effective implementation of guidelines remain poorly understood. Understanding of barriers and facilitators is important for development of effective implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to determine perceived facilitators and barriers to guideline implementation and clinical compliance to guidelines for depression in psychiatric care. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted at two psychiatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. The implementation activities at one of the clinics included local implementation teams, seminars, regular feedback and academic detailing. The other clinic served as a control and only received guidelines by post. Data were collected from three focus groups and 28 individual, semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to identify themes emerging from the interview data. Results: The identified barriers to, and facilitators of, the implementation of guidelines could be classified into three major categories: (1) organizational resources, (2) health care professionals’ individual characteristics and (3) perception of guidelines and implementation strategies. The practitioners in the implementation team and at control clinics differed in three main areas: (1) concerns about control over professional practice, (2) beliefs about evidence-based practice and (3) suspicions about financial motives for guideline introduction. Conclusions: Identifying the barriers to, and facilitators of, the adoption of recommendations is an important way of achieving efficient implementation strategies. The findings of this study suggest that the adoption of guidelines may be improved if local health professionals actively participate in an ongoing implementation process and identify efficient strategies to overcome barriers on an organizational and individual level. Getting evidence into practice and implementing clinical guidelines are dependent upon more than practitioners’ motivation. There are factors in the local context, e.g. culture and leadership, evaluation, feedback on performance and facilitation, -that are likely to be equally influential.
Modelling and Simulation of Micro Grid Equipped Based on Photo Voltaic / Fuel Cell Equipped with Power Electronic Interfaces

The depth of renewable energy in modern power system, microgrid has become a popular application worldwide. In this paper bidirectional converters for AC and DC hybrid microgrid application are proposed as an efficient methodology. To achieve the task of bidirectional power conversion, both rectifier and inverter modes are analyzed. In order to achieve high performance operation and single-phase bi-directional inverter with dc-bus voltage regulation and power compensation in dc-microgrid applications. This model proposes a control design methodology for a multi functional single-phase bidirectional PWM converter in renewable energy systems. There is a generic current loop for different modes of operation to ease the transition between different modes, including stand-alone inverter mode, grid-tied inverter mode, ac voltage regulation is of importance because of the sensitive loads In dc-microgrid applications, a power distribution system requires a bi-directional inverter to control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid, and to regulate the dc bus to a certain range of voltages, in which dc load may change abruptly. This will result in high dc-bus voltage variations; the bi-directional inverter can shift its current commands according to the specified power factor at ac grid side. Parallel-connected bidirectional converters for AC and DC hybrid microgrid application are proposed as an efficient interface. To reach the goal of bidirectional power conversion, both rectifier and inverter modes are analyzed. The Simulation results are carried out by Matlab/Simulink to verify the performance of the proposed method.
A Study on Computer Distance Individualized Instruction Based on Web Mining Algorithm

To study the computer distance individualized instruction, this paper applies literature investigation method, summarization method and case study to mine the learning data. Based on the analysis on the current distance teaching system, it is found that the system can’t satisfy the learner’s requirement of individualized instruction. To solve this problem, this paper proposes distance individualized instruction model based on data mining technology, and analyzes the model and its implementation model. It also modifies Apriori algorithm with the aim to mine learner logs to find out their frequent transversal path in the distance instruction system through Web mining. The result was then solved out to enable the individualized recommendation of its interface, which validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the teaching model and provided a new reference direction for distance individualized instruction.
Explorer Results of the WMT 15 Metrics Shared Task

This paper presents the results of the WMT15 Metrics Shared Task. We asked participants of this task to score the outputs of the MT systems involved in the WMT15 Shared Translation Task. We collected scores of 46 metrics from 11 research groups. In addition to that, we computed scores of 7 standard metrics (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER and CDER) as baselines. The collected scores were evaluated in terms of system level correlation (how well each metric’s scores correlate with WMT15 official manual ranking of systems) and in terms of segment level correlation (how often a metric agrees with humans in comparing two translations of a particular sentence).