Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Shadow of Physical Harm? Examining the Unique and Gendered Relationship Between Fear of Murder Versus Fear of Sexual Assault on Fear of Violent Crime

The shadow hypothesis regarding the impact of fear of sexual assault on fear of violent crime suggests that female fear of crime is characterized by concern about sexual assault as a contemporaneous victimization event during a violent crime event. Recent research has found that other types of crime, namely physical assault, may also be feared as a contemporaneous offense. We know of no research that has examined the unique impact of fear of murder versus fear of sexual assault on fear of violent crime. There is also a lack of research that explores how these two types of fear uniquely affect men and women. In addition to gender, we examine factors that have been suggested in previous research to correlate with fear of crime: race, victimization, vicarious victimization, and perceived risk. Through survey methodology, this research examines the unique relationship between both fear of murder and fear of sexual assault and fear of three types of violent crime for men and women. Results suggest differences in how fear of murder and fear of sexual assault are related to fear of other types of violence for men and women. Specifically, fear of murder is important in estimating male fear of robbery and aggravated assault. However, fear of sexual assault is almost as important as fear of murder for men in estimating fear of home invasion. Similarly, for women, fear of sexual assault and fear of murder both are significant factors associated with fear of violent crime, and differences between the levels of significance are marginal. This study is a first to examine whether murder may also be feared as a contemporaneous offense. The results are informative in identifying what drives fear of crime, particularly violent crime, for both men and women. Avenues for future research are discussed.
Endbulbs of held and spherical bushy cells in cats: Morphological correlates with physiological properties

Single auditory nerve fibers of type I spiral ganglion cells in cats were electrophysiologically characterized by recording with micropipettes inserted into the axon and then labeled by intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) through the same pipettes. This method for staining and studying single neurons allowed us to describe structure‐function relationships for labeled endbulbs of Held and the somata of their postsynaptic spherical bushy cells. The silhouette areas of terminal endbulbs and the corresponding somata of spherical bushy cells were determined by planimetry from drawings made with a light microscope and drawing tube. On the presynaptic side, endbulb area is related to fiber characteristic frequency (CF, the frequency to which a fiber is most sensitive) such that the largest endbulbs arise from fibers having CFs between 1 and 4 kHz; smaller endbulbs can arise from fibers of any CF. Endbulb area is not correlated with fiber spontaneous discharge rate (SR). Dividing the endbulb's silhouette area by its silhouette perimeter, however, yields a “form factor” that is a reliable indicator of fiber SR: Endbulbs from fibers of low‐medium SR (≤18 spikes/second) have form factor values less than 0.52, whereas endbulbs of high SR fibers (>18 spikes/second) have values greater than 0.52. This form factor should therefore be predictive of SR groupings in auditory fibers for which physiological data are not available.
Recent evolution of poverty in the European countries

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of poverty in the 15 countries of E.U., whose household income data is available through the information contained in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). Several indicators have been proposed in economic literature for measuring poverty, but they may produce different orderings when cases are compared. In this work, a set of poverty one-dimensional indicators are chosen, which best verify some desirable properties. A modification of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed to calculate synthetic cross-sectional measures of poverty using this set of indicators. In order to obtain comparable values throughout time, in addition to cross-sectional sense, joint consideration of single poverty indicators is proposed, independently of their temporary period of reference. Therefore, applying common space analysis to these cross-sectional synthetic measures, a common frame of comparison and a homogeneous weighting structure are obtained, which are stable throughout time. This powerful tool allows static as well as dynamic comparisons, among the EU countries. Furthermore, the determination of groups of countries according to their characteristics in poverty will be accomplished.
Using OMNeT++ for energy optimization simulations in mobile core networks

Optimizing energy consumption in mobile core networks is one of the major challenges towards a greener, less energy consuming mobile network infrastructure. We developed a simulation model for mobile core networks which is able to handle large-scale scenarios including millions of users and the corresponding amount of network infrastructure and mobile core service nodes. It can be used to assess the impact of local and global optimization strategies in routing and power management. Since it encompasses multiple system levels, it is also possible to assess synergies of optimization done at different levels. To achieve reasonable performance, our OMNeT++-based simulator uses a flow-based traffic model instead of simulating individual packets. The simulator also includes a flexible power model that can describe the power consumption of atomic as well as modular devices. It can be populated with device datasheets and measurements from real-world devices. This allows realistic energy measurements on different levels of granularity, ranging from entire sites down to individual line cards.
A generalization of Yaari’s result on annuitization with optimal retirement

In this paper we generalize the following result of Yaari (1965) on annuitization with an agent’s optimal retirement: it is optimal for individuals to annuitize all of their wealth in the absence of bequest motive. We have other results that refine or extend the result of Yaari (1965). Full annuitization can be viewed as an American-type option that allows an economic agent to exchange the value of labor income with the extra leisure that is brought about by annuitizing all of her wealth. When the agent’s wealth is above a certain wealth threshold, annuitization is triggered, otherwise it is not. Accordingly, wealth plays a key role in controlling the distance to full annuitization.
Joint Optimization for One and Two-Way MIMO AF Multiple-Relay Systems

This paper considers both one-way and two-way relaying systems with multiple relays between two terminal nodes where all nodes have multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas. We propose a unified algorithm which computes the optimal linear transceivers jointly at the source node and the relay nodes for amplify-and-forward (AF) protocols. First, optimization designs based on the sum-rate and the mean-square error (MSE) criteria are formulated for the two-way AF relaying channel. Due to non-convexity of the given problems, the proposed schemes iteratively identify local-optimal source and relay filters by deriving the gradients of the cost functions for a gradient descent algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm can optimize a one-way multiple relay system as a special case of the two-way channel. Finally, we prove the global optimality of the maximum sum-rate scheme under an asymptotically large antenna assumption. From simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed methods yield the near optimum result for the MIMO multiple relay channel even with a moderate number of antennas. Consequently, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional schemes in terms of the sum-rate and the error performance for both one-way and two-way protocols.
Assessment of aspiration risk in acute ischaemic stroke—evaluation of the simple swallowing provocation test

Background: Aspiration is a common complication in acute stroke patients and is strongly associated with a poor outcome. Due to an insufficient sensitivity and specificity of clinical bedside tests, further refinements are needed to improve the accuracy of clinical aspiration screening in acute stroke. Objective: To assess the ability of the simple 2-step swallowing provocation test (SPT) to detect aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with first-ever stroke were examined by SPT and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) within 72 hours of stroke onset. Using FEES as an objective instrumental technique to evaluate dysphagia, statistical measures representing the ability of SPT to detect aspiration risk were calculated. Results: The incidence of endoscopically proven aspiration risk was 81%. The 1st-step SPT had a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 100%. Although the 2nd-step SPT showed the same 100% specificity, sensitivity was significantly lower. False-negative results of SPT appeared predominantly in subjects exhibiting leakage of liquids to pyriform sinus without a pronounced delay in swallow onset. Conclusions: In acute stroke patients with an impairment of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, 1st-step SPT reliably detects aspiration risk. In patients with a sole or predominant impairment of the oral phase of swallowing and a relatively intact pharyngeal phase, SPT fails to detect aspiration risk sufficiently. In the latter group, FEES or additional clinical features more specifically indicating oral-phase pathology should be considered to accurately judge the patient’s aspiration risk.
Birth Size Characteristics and Risk of Brain Tumors in Early Adulthood: Results from a Swedish Cohort Study

Background: Despite extensive research on the effect of birth size characteristics on childhood brain tumors, very few studies have evaluated the effect of birth size characteristics on the risk of adult brain tumor, and they have provided inconsistent results. Methods: All individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 1995 who were still alive and cancer free at their 15th birthday were included in the study (n = 2,032,727). At the end of the study period (December 31, 2010), the study participants were 15 to 37 years old. Incident cases of primary brain tumors were identified through the Swedish Cancer Register. Results: No association was observed between any birth size characteristics and glioma, although an indication of increased glioma risk associated with high birth weight, or being large for gestational age at birth, was found among men [relative risk (RR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.90; RR = 1.44, 95% CI, 0.99–2.09, respectively]. An increased risk of meningioma was observed among individuals born with a large head circumference (RR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.01–3.05). Large head circumference was also associated with an elevated risk of neuroma (RR = 1.86, 95% CI, 0.94–3.68). Being born small for gestational age was also related to a higher risk of neuroma (RR = 2.50, 95% CI, 1.31–4.78). Conclusion: Selected birth size characteristics were associated with increased risk of some brain tumor subtypes in young adults. Impact: We have presented additional evidence suggesting that birth size characteristics are associated with subsequent primary brain tumor risk in young adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 678–85. ©2016 AACR.
Phase 2 trial of concurrent bevacizumab and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Vascular endothelial growth factor is up‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is further up‐regulated after transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. The authors of this report conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemoembolization in patients with unresectable HCC.
Moving Out and Going Down? A Review of Recent Evidence on Negative Spillover Effects of Housing Restructuring Programmes in the United States and the Netherlands

Abstract Comparing USA and Dutch experiences, this paper seeks to determine whether the demolition of public or social housing results in negative spillover effects, i.e. the shift of crime and other social problems to nearby neighbourhoods, as a result of residential relocation patterns. Notwithstanding fundamental contextual differences, existing research shows that many relocatees do recluster in low-income areas not much better than the public or social housing sites they moved from. Furthermore, USA and Dutch research highlights concern among public officials, politicians and community activists that this clustering is resulting in higher crime, increased neighbourhood dissatisfaction (among existing residents), more conflicts between residents, lower school test scores, etc. Few researchers have, however, been able to go beyond correlations and establish cause–effect relations between the in-movement of public/social housing relocatees and increased social problems. Attempts to identify a statistical threshold for clustering, beyond which negative effects occur, have not been successful. Nevertheless, existing evidence regarding negative spillover effects is compelling enough to warrant expanded and improved monitoring of both relocation and neighbourhood change patterns and to initiate programmes to address the concerns of residents in destination areas.
Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human lung cancer: Qualitative aspects of tissue preparation in relation to histopathology

It is of great importance to identify new objective markers significant for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human cancers. Cytometric assessment of the DNA content has been shown to be one parameter which correlates excellently with the clinical course of patients with solid cancers of the breast, prostate, and thyroid. However, additional specific marker polypeptides are needed in order to further improve the diagnostic and prognostic sensitivity. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) is a unique tool in this field of cancer research, but serious problems concerning intersample variations in the 2‐DE pattern must be solved because quantitative variations of potential marker polypeptides are expected to occur at low levels. In this study we examined a modified preparation method for tumor tissues, focusing on the relation between histopathological properties and 2‐DE gel quality. We selected a group of human lung cancers sharing similar prognosis; nevertheless, the 2‐DE patterns showed significant intersample but low intrasample variations. It is concluded that histopathological features, such as a local homogeneity, and the amounts of connective tissue and serum proteins are critical factors for the successful preparation and high quality of 2‐DE‐gels.
Disrupted Sleep and Delayed Recovery from Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy Are Distinct Phenotypes in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Background:Sleep apnea, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and obesity are features of metabolic syndrome associated with decreased restorative sleep and increased pain. These traits are relevant for anesthesiology because they confer increased risks of a negative anesthetic outcome. This study tested the one-tailed hypothesis that rats bred for low intrinsic aerobic capacity have enhanced nociception and disordered sleep. Methods:Rats were developed from a breeding strategy that selected for low aerobic capacity runners (LCR) and high aerobic capacity runners (HCR). Four phenotypes were quantified. Rats underwent von Frey sensory testing (n = 12), thermal nociceptive testing (n = 12), electrographic recordings of sleep and wakefulness (n = 16), and thermal nociceptive testing (n = 14) before and for 6 weeks after a unilateral chronic neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Results:Paw withdrawal latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in LCR than HCR rats. There were also significant differences in sleep, with LCR rats spending significantly (P < 0.01) more time awake (18%) and less time in nonrapid eye movement sleep (−19%) than HCR rats. Nonrapid eye movement sleep episodes were of shorter duration (−34%) in LCR than HCR rats. Rapid eye movement sleep of LCR rats was significantly more fragmented than rapid eye movement sleep of HCR rats. LCR rats required 2 weeks longer than HCR rats to recover from peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions:Rodents with low aerobic capacity exhibit features homologous to human metabolic syndrome. This rodent model offers a novel tool for characterizing the mechanisms through which low aerobic function and obesity might confer increased risks for anesthesia.
Unsupervised SMT for a low-resourced language pair

This paper presents an unsupervised method in application of extracting parallel sentence pairs from a comparable corpus. A translation system is used to mine the comparable corpus and to withdraw the parallel sentence pairs. An iteration process is implemented not only to increase the number of extracted parallel sentence pairs but also to improve the quality of translation system. A comparison between this unsupervised method and a semi-supervised method is also presented. The unsupervised extracting method was tested in a hard condition: the parallel corpus did not exist and the comparable corpus contained up to 50% of non parallel sentence pairs. However, the result shows that the unsupervised method can be really applied in the case of lacking parallel data.
Evaluation of the anti-proliferative effect the extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and A. schottii on the growth of leukemic and endothelial cells.

PURPOSE To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of A. blanchetti and A. schottii extracts. METHODS The anti-proliferative effect of A. blanchetti and A. schottii ethanolic extracts on K562 leukemic cells as well as on BMEC and HUVEC were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis to identify the possible active components was carried out. RESULTS The root extract of A. schottii was the most active of them. At 80 microg/mL, the root extracts showed a cytostatic effect on K562, whereas at 400 microg/mL, there was a strong cytotoxic effect. Similar cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were seen in the endothelial cells, but at lower doses. The effect of A. schottii root extract on endothelial cells was seen at concentrations ten times lower (8 microg/mL) than the effect of the A. blanchetti root extract (80 microg/mL). Phytochemical investigation of different fractions and parts of the plant led to the isolation of several known compounds, some of which are described for the first time in the genus Allamanda, and with previous evidence of anticancer and antitumoral properties. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both plants studied exhibit cytostatic and cytotoxic activity, but the most active compounds are located in the roots.
2,6-Diisopropylanilinium chloride

The title compound, C12H20N+·Cl−, crystallizes with the chloride anions situated on twofold axes, while the cation is on a general position. All conventional hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors are utilized, forming a hydrogen-bonded ladder motif along the c axis. Investigation of the torsion angles between aromatic systems and isopropyl groups reveals unusual geometrical features. One isopropyl groups exhibits an expected eclipsed conformation with respect to the aromatic ring. The other isopropyl group shows a slight twist with respect to the aromatic ring. The short Cl⋯HC(methine) contact (2.88 Å) observed in the asymmetric unit is the probable reason for the twist feature around the isopropyl area.
Transport on Riemannian Manifold for Connectivity-Based Brain Decoding

There is a recent interest in using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for decoding more naturalistic, cognitive states, in which subjects perform various tasks in a continuous, self-directed manner. In this setting, the set of brain volumes over the entire task duration is usually taken as a single sample with connectivity estimates, such as Pearson's correlation, employed as features. Since covariance matrices live on the positive semidefinite cone, their elements are inherently inter-related. The assumption of uncorrelated features implicit in most classifier learning algorithms is thus violated. Coupled with the usual small sample sizes, the generalizability of the learned classifiers is limited, and the identification of significant brain connections from the classifier weights is nontrivial. In this paper, we present a Riemannian approach for connectivity-based brain decoding. The core idea is to project the covariance estimates onto a common tangent space to reduce the statistical dependencies between their elements. For this, we propose a matrix whitening transport, and compare it against parallel transport implemented via the Schild's ladder algorithm. To validate our classification approach, we apply it to fMRI data acquired from twenty four subjects during four continuous, self-driven tasks. We show that our approach provides significantly higher classification accuracy than directly using Pearson's correlation and its regularized variants as features. To facilitate result interpretation, we further propose a non-parametric scheme that combines bootstrapping and permutation testing for identifying significantly discriminative brain connections from the classifier weights. Using this scheme, a number of neuro-anatomically meaningful connections are detected, whereas no significant connections are found with pure permutation testing.
Comparing the User Experience of Touchscreen Technologies in an Automotive Application

Touchscreen interfaces are increasingly used on a daily basis in both mobile devices and in cars. The majority of vehicles use resistive touchscreens which, while reliable and inexpensive, may not perform as well as alternative touchscreen technologies. A simulator-based user-centred study was conducted to compare the User Experience of resistive touchscreens against capacitive and infra-red variants in a range of automotive use cases. This paper details an initial treatment of the data focusing on touchscreen task performance and subjective usability measures. Findings identified that the resistive display was clearly least preferred, with capacitive offering the best overall performance.
Robust human motion modeling strategy and its application on driver identification and gait recognition

A robust and compact human motion model is desirable in many security applications from public facilities to personal devices. Shape features are extracted from the perspective of computer vision in most researches. However, most of them are application-dependent. In order to explore more dynamical features of human motion and to make the human model adaptable to the varying environments, a new robust modeling strategy which utilizes pre-knowledge from feature space analysis is proposed. The contribution of this work is not only the integration of necessary statistical tools on data analysis, but also the proposal of a special modeling strategy: extending robust estimation methods against outliers in input space to robust modeling strategy against undesirable features in feature space. The proposed model has a circular topology consisted of 2 pairs of correlated states and a constrained Expectation Conditional-Maximization (ECM) algorithm is proposed under the model's unique structure.
A Novel Approach to Correction of a Skew at Document Level Using an Arabic Script

The performance of an Arabic character system without accurate skew correction will not be satisfied for most of the scanned documents. This paper proposed a method for skew correction for Arabic document script. The proposed approach with high accuracy can detect skew. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is efficient compared to well-known existing methods. Keywords— Arabic Handwritten, skew detection, skew correction.