Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The energy-driven paradigm of NMOSFET hot-carrier effects

As negative-MOSFET (NMOSFET) size and voltage are scaled down, the electron-energy distribution becomes increasingly dependent only on the applied bias, because of quasi-ballistic transport over the high-field region. A new paradigm, or underlying concept, of NMOSFET hot-carrier behavior is proposed here, in which the fundamental "driving force" is available energy, rather than peak lateral electric field, as it is in the lucky electron model (LEM). The new prediction of the energy-driven paradigm is that the bias dependence of the impact-ionization (II) rate and hot-carrier lifetime is, to the first order, given by the energy dependences of the II scattering rate S/sub II/(E) and an effective interface state generation (ISG) cross section S/sub IT/(E), whereas, under the LEM, these bias dependences are determined by the number of electrons with energy above the II and ISG "threshold energies. " This approach allows an experimental determination of S/sub IT/.
Assessment of 31P relaxation times in the human calf muscle: A comparison between 3 T and 7 T in vivo

Phosphorus (31P) T1 and T2 relaxation times in the resting human calf muscle were assessed by interleaved, surface coil localized inversion recovery and frequency‐selective spin‐echo at 3 and 7 T. The obtained T1 (mean ± SD) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 3 to 7 T for phosphomonoesters (PME) (8.1 ± 1.7 s to 3.1 ± 0.9 s), phosphodiesters (PDE) (8.6 ± 1.2 s to 6.0 ± 1.1 s), phosphocreatine (PCr) (6.7 ± 0.4 s to 4.0 ± 0.2 s), γ‐NTP (nucleotide triphosphate) (5.5 ± 0.4 s to 3.3 ± 0.2 s), α‐NTP (3.4 ± 0.3 s to 1.8 ± 0.1 s), and β‐NTP (3.9 ± 0.4 s to 1.8 ± 0.1 s), but not for inorganic phosphate (Pi) (6.9 ± 0.6 s to 6.3 ± 1.0 s). The decrease in T2 was significant for Pi (153 ± 9 ms to 109 ± 17 ms), PDE (414 ± 128 ms to 314 ± 35 ms), PCr (354 ± 16 ms to 217 ± 14 ms), and γ‐NTP (61.9 ± 8.6 ms to 29.0 ± 3.3 ms). This decrease in T1 with increasing field strength of up to 62% can be explained by the increasing influence of chemical shift anisotropy on relaxation mechanisms and may allow shorter measurements at higher field strengths or up to 62% additional signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) per unit time. The fully relaxed SNR increased by +96%, while the linewidth increased from 6.5 ± 1.2 Hz to 11.2 ± 1.9 Hz or +72%. At 7 T 31P‐MRS in the human calf muscle offers more than twice as much SNR per unit time in reduced measurement time compared to 3 T. This will facilitate in vivo 31P‐MRS of the human muscle at 7 T. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on trichloroethylene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Background: 1,1,2-Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an important organic solvent which is widespread in the environment. Work place exposure to TCE has been associated adverse effects in many organs including kidney. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can overcome oxidative stress. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine the role of vitamin E against destructive effects of TCE on rat kidney. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls received vehicle only. Animals in groups III, V and VII received intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of corn oil. Rats in groups of II, IV, and VI were received vitamin E at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 30 minutes later, animals were received TCE (i.p) at doses of 1000 mg/kg (groups II and III), 1500 mg/kg (groups of IV and V), and 2000 mg/kg (groups of VI and VII) respectively. The experiment repeated for 7 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). One part of the kidney tissues were excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Another part were excised for histopathological estimation. Results: TCE induced a dose-dependent elevation in BUN, Cr, MDA and markedly decreased GSH level when compared to those in control rats. TCE-induced dose-dependent injury in rat kidney tissue. Vitamin E significantly decreased BUN, Cr, MDA and increased GSH levels and protected kidney damage in TCE treated animals. Conclusions: The observations suggest that vitamin E may have a protective effect against TCE-induced oxidative stress in the rat kidney.
Asymptotically optimal classification for multiple tests with empirically observed statistics

The decision problem of testing M hypotheses when the source is Kth-order Markov and there are M (or fewer) training sequences of length N and a single test sequence of length n is considered. K, M, n, N are all given. It is shown what the requirements are on M, n, N to achieve vanishing (exponential) error probabilities and how to determine or bound the exponent. A likelihood ratio test that is allowed to produce a no-match decision is shown to provide asymptotically optimal error probabilities and minimum no-match decisions. As an important serial case, the binary hypotheses problem without rejection is discussed. It is shown that, for this configuration, only one training sequence is needed to achieve an asymptotically optimal test. >
Applying a Theory of Expertise in Health Social Work Administration and Practice in Australia

Abstract Social workers in health care have been urged to identify the nature of their expertise and to articulate profession specific roles (Peckuconis et al., 2003). This paper reports on the use of a theory of professional expertise (Fook, Ryan, & Hawkins, 2000) in management and clinical practice within two Australian hospital social work settings. This theory, directly applicable to social work, was applied within these hospitals to differentiate levels in social work industrial awards, in staff selection, in supervision and continuing professional development. Specific and broader implications for application of this theory are discussed.
Competition in the Care Homes Market

Most long-term care in the UK is now delivered in markets, including both the private purchase of care and also publicly-funded care, commissioned on behalf of service recipients by public authorities. The widespread use of markets, an arrangement especially driven by New Right policies of the 80s and 90s, has nonetheless received relatively little critical evaluation. Most publicly funded long-term social care, as distinct from health care, is the responsibility of local authorities. Arguably many local authorities had taken the decision to out-source the provision of care because they anticipated savings in production costs (Wistow, Knapp et al. 1996). But there has been far less attention on the consequences of marketization for service recipients, the quality of care, and on the total costs of this policy, nor on wider impacts such as the effect on local labour markets.
Putative virulence factors identified in Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from oysters and seawater in Mexico

The presence of Vibrio vulnificus was analyzed in oyster and estuarine water samples from Mexico by PCR amplification of the vvhA gene and some putative virulence factors were tested. Samples were collected from 12 different sampling points over a one-year period; 31% samples were positive for V. vulnificus and all isolates were identified as biotype 1. All strains were cytotoxic and proteolytic, 98% showed adherence to epithelial cells, 91.4% were DNase-positive, 77.6% were mucinase-positive, 97.8% were lecithinase-positive and 79.8% were lipase positive. Regarding colony morphology, 51% strains were opaque, 20% were translucid, 28% were both opaque and translucid, and 80.8% showed a capsule. This is the first report on the isolation of V. vulnificus strains from environmental samples in Mexico, which may pose a health risk for local fisherman and seafood consumers.
Meningitis víricas neonatales. Importancia de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en su diagnóstico

Introduccion. Las meningitis viricas representan una entidad relativamente frecuente en los recien nacidos, aunque en muchos casos infradiagnosticadas, ante la ausencia de pleocitosis en el liquido cefalorraquideo (LCR). Objetivos. Describir las caracteristicas clinicas y los hallazgos de laboratorio de neonatos con meningitis viricas y destacar la importancia de la reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en el LCR para diagnosticar esta patologia. Pacientes y metodos. Revision retrospectiva de historias clinicas de neonatos ingresados en la seccion de neonatologia diagnosticados de meningitis virica entre mayo de 2014 y mayo de 2017. Resultados. Se registraron 17 casos de meningitis virica (15 causadas por enterovirus y dos por parechovirus), que constituyen el 14,8% de los neonatos ingresados por sindrome febril. Todos manifestaron fiebre (100%), y otros sintomas destacados fueron irritabilidad (76%) y rechazo de la ingesta (65%). El 88% curso con celularidad normal en el LCR y sin hiperproteinorraquia, y el 100%, sin hipoglucorraquia, por lo que previamente muchos de estos ninos quedaban con el diagnostico de sindrome febril sin foco. Estos datos resaltan la necesidad de realizar la PCR en el LCR a neonatos con fiebre sin foco, debido a la normalidad de las pruebas complementarias en la mayoria de los casos. El 64,7% de los ninos recibio seguimiento neurologico posterior en consulta de neurologia, sin objetivarse secuelas neurologicas, salvo en uno de ellos. Conclusiones. La PCR multiple en el LCR se ha convertido en una tecnica diagnostica imprescindible en el recien nacido con sospecha de infeccion y sustituye al cultivo viral como prueba de referencia por su mayor rapidez y sensibilidad.
The effects of output codes on transfer learning in a deep convolutional neural net

The output encodings of neural nets determine the structure of the space in which inference occurs. Yet, they are generally given very little thought. It is common practice for neural nets to use 1-Hot encoding when training to discriminate among many classes. The primary exceptions to this are error correcting output codes, and semantic output encodings. Output encodings based upon semantic descriptors cause a net to learn responses for classes to which it has not been exposed, provided those classes may be characterized by the same semantic descriptors. This raises a number of questions, such as “Can a net implicitly learn encodings for unobserved classes in the absence of a semantic encoding, or any encoding that requires some form of prior knowledge and hand crafting? ”. Also, are some output encodings better than others for learning these implicit encodings? In this paper, we will compare how effectively different non-semantic encodings are at causing a neural net to implicitly learn encodings for unobserved classes. Also, while evaluating the efficacy of these implicit encodings, we will look for evidence of a phenomenon akin to over-training. Specifically, as training on the observed classes occurs, we initially see improvement in how well the implicitly learned encodings can be used to differentiate among the classes which are unobserved during the net's training. However, as training continues to improve discrimination among the observed classes, the efficacy of the implicit codes either remains steady, or undergoes a degradation. This degradation is akin to the overtraining that one generally tries to guard against when training a neural net.
Internal Factor Evaluation: An Application of Opinion Mining

With the increasing need for intelligence and competitive intelligence (CI) as well as the rapid development of Internet and its usages as a source of information, many industries have been using this resource to achieve the objectives of CI. In this paper, with the aim of solving the difficulties of information resources for CI and achieving competitive advantage, we proposed an unsupervised method to extract opinion patterns from customer reviews, which are provided in the web and related to the internal factors or resources in an enterprise. Then each one is evaluated based on the opinion sentiment polarity and its strength or weakness is determined. It is believed that this method will become increasingly important because of the influence of customers’ opinions in others’ buying behaviour and decisions. Furthermore, this study opens a new way to competitive positioning and strategy development for an enterprise. Keywords: Opinion mining, competitive intelligence, competitive positioning, internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix;
A Family of Voltage-Multiplier Unidirectional Single-Phase Hybrid Boost PFC Rectifiers

This paper presents three unidirectional step-up ac–dc converter topologies with voltage multiplication on their outputs. The first topology is the hybrid boost rectifier and the other two are novel bridgeless structures, all based on the integration of boost rectifier and the ladder switched-capacitor (SC) cell. The new hybrid structures provide high voltage gain with low voltage stress across the switches, high-power factor, and output voltage regulation. This paper presents the principle of operation, steady-state and dynamic analysis, design methodology, and experimental verification. A different approach is also presented for the design methodology of the SC cell and for the analysis of its influence on the dynamic model. Three 1000-W prototypes with a 220-V input voltage, 800-V output voltage, and 100-kHz switching frequency were designed to corroborate the theoretical study. The best efficiency was 97.1$\%$ in the proposed bridgeless versions and the voltage stress across the switches stands around 400 V. Furthermore, a comparison between the proposed structures and previous topologies is also presented.
Autophagy-Related Protein ATG18 Regulates Apicoplast Biogenesis in Apicomplexan Parasites

ABSTRACT Mechanisms by which 3′-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3′-PIPs) regulate the development of apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are poorly understood. The catabolic process of autophagy, which is dependent on autophagy-related proteins (ATGs), is one of the major targets of 3′-PIPs in yeast and mammals. In the present study, we identified autophagy-related protein ATG18 as an effector of 3′-PIPs in these parasites. P. falciparum ATG18 (PfATG18) and T. gondii ATG18 (TgATG18) interact with 3′-PIPs but exhibited differences in their specificity of interaction with the ligand PIP. The conditional knockdown of T. gondii or P. falciparum ATG18 (Tg/PfATG18) impaired replication of parasites and resulted in their delayed death. Intriguingly, ATG18 depletion resulted in the loss of the apicomplexan parasite-specific nonphotosynthetic plastid-like organelle apicoplast, which harbors the machinery for biosynthesis of key metabolites, and the interaction of ATG18 to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) was critical for apicoplast inheritance. Furthermore, ATG18 regulates membrane association and apicoplast localization of ATG8. These findings provide insights into a novel noncanonical role of ATG18 in apicoplast inheritance. This function of ATG18 in organelle biogenesis is unprecedented in any organism and may be conserved across most apicomplexan parasites. IMPORTANCE Typically, autophagy is a catabolic process utilized by cells for their survival upon encountering nutrient-limiting conditions. The autophagy machinery is very tightly regulated, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) play a pivotal role in this process. In the present study, we report a novel noncanonical function of autophagy-related protein ATG18 in inheritance of the nonphotosynthetic plastid-like organelle apicoplast in apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. ATG18 depletion in these parasites resulted in “delayed death,” which was the result of loss of apicoplast and impaired parasite division. Pf/TgATG18 interact with 3′-phosphorylated PIPs, which guide their cellular localization in the parasite, which is essential for their function. IMPORTANCE Typically, autophagy is a catabolic process utilized by cells for their survival upon encountering nutrient-limiting conditions. The autophagy machinery is very tightly regulated, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) play a pivotal role in this process. In the present study, we report a novel noncanonical function of autophagy-related protein ATG18 in inheritance of the nonphotosynthetic plastid-like organelle apicoplast in apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. ATG18 depletion in these parasites resulted in “delayed death,” which was the result of loss of apicoplast and impaired parasite division. Pf/TgATG18 interact with 3′-phosphorylated PIPs, which guide their cellular localization in the parasite, which is essential for their function.
Improved linear systolic array for fast modular exponentiation

Due to the large word lengths involved, communication and buffering are potentially the major problems in implementing the modular arithmetic used in several cryptosystems. It is shown here how a single, linear systolic array eliminates much of the associated overheads, thereby improving throughput and the ratio of speed to area for modular exponentiation. Alternative forms produce simpler processing elements and make fuller use of the hardware, making it more easily implemented in current technology. Such designs are regarded as much safer for use in smartcards and embedded systems as they offer greater protection against attacks using differential power analysis. A 1024-bit array can be built in an area comparable to a 64-bit multiplier.
General Patterns of Cell Phone Usage Among College Students

Abstract There has been tremendous growth in the cellular telephone industry in recent years. The present study was undertaken in order to better understand the pattern of usage among one of the most important target markets for cell phone products—young adults attending college. Data were collected from a total of 383 cell phone consumers residing in four states in different geographic regions of the United States. Respondents ranged in age from 18-57 with a median age of 23 years. Data analyses revealed several interesting and potentially important patterns of usage. Among these were the findings that the majority of those surveyed indicated that they use their cell phones for the purpose of social stimulation, to remain continually available, for domestic reasons, to leave themselves memos and reminders, for time-keeping, for emergency purposes, and to use the phone's phonebook function. It was also found that the cell phone market among the target population is relatively mature in that the vast majority of the sample (90.5%) indicated that they have owned a cell phone for more than one year. The maturity of the market, however, was found to vary as a function of geographic region. This particular finding has implications for regional cell phone marketing strategies. A number of other differences of potential importance for market segmentation and target marketing purposes also emerged and are discussed in detail.
El experimento de Facebook con una cadena de cafeterías

Los medios sociales son el ultimo grito del marketing, pero ? deberian serlo? Es indudable que Facebook crece rapido; de hecho, a fines de 2009 supero las 350 millones de cuentas, 50 millones de las cuales fueron creadas durante el segundo semestre. No obstante, ? cuanto influyen realmente las empresas en sus consumidores cuando lanzan paginas en el sitio para atraer �fans� y bombardearlos con mensajes y ofertas?
An Accelerated Greedy Missing Point Estimation Procedure

Model reduction via Galerkin projection fails to provide considerable computational savings if applied to general nonlinear systems. This is because the reduced representation of the state vector appears as an argument to the nonlinear function, whose evaluation remains as costly as for the full model. Masked projection approaches, such as the missing point estimation and the (discrete) empirical interpolation method, alleviate this effect by evaluating only a small subset of the components of a given nonlinear term; however, the selection of the evaluated components is a combinatorial problem and is computationally intractable even for systems of small size. This has been addressed through greedy point selection algorithms, which minimize an error indicator by sequentially looping over all components. While doable, this is suboptimal and still costly. This paper introduces an approach to accelerate and improve the greedy search. The method is based on the observation that the greedy algorithm requires so.
Idea Management in Social Networks: A Study of how to Tap into the Ideas of Facebook Communities

Idea Management (IM) has increasingly been adopted by organizations and companies to innovate their products and services. While the software systems that instrument IM definitely help in managing this practice, we have discovered that IM organizers are having problems to establish, inside these platforms, communities able to support IM initiatives; either they cannot attract enough participants or the participating people are simply not the right ones. Acknowledging that most organizations have today a presence in Facebook and are striving to grow active communities inside this social network, we propose to harness the creativity of their already established Facebook communities instead of starting innovation communities inside IM platforms. Facebook can benefit IM with large and diverse pools of active communities who may be more interested in helping tied persons or organizations. This paper introduces a method that exploits Facebook's technical affordances facilitating the execution of IM inside Facebook communities. Two independent studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposal to capture ideas that can lead to innovations. We conclude by discussing the strength and limitations of Facebook's technical capabilities to instrument IM.
Structural basis of sialyltransferase activity in trypanosomal sialidases.

The intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, sheds a developmentally regulated surface trans-sialidase, which is involved in key aspects of parasite-host cell interactions. Although it shares a common active site architecture with bacterial neuraminidases, the T.cruzi enzyme behaves as a highly efficient sialyltransferase. Here we report the crystal structure of the closely related Trypanosoma rangeli sialidase and its complex with inhibitor. The enzyme folds into two distinct domains: a catalytic beta-propeller fold tightly associated with a lectin-like domain. Comparison with the modeled structure of T.cruzi trans-sialidase and mutagenesis experiments allowed the identification of amino acid substitutions within the active site cleft that modulate sialyltransferase activity and suggest the presence of a distinct binding site for the acceptor carbohydrate. The structures of the Trypanosoma enzymes illustrate how a glycosidase scaffold can achieve efficient glycosyltransferase activity and provide a framework for structure-based drug design.
A Multidisciplinary Survey of Social Network Diffusion Models

—Various models for the diffusion of information and behavior in a social network have been introduced in various disciplines. This paper (a companion to tutorials presented at IJCAI-2015 and AAAI-2016) provides an overview of several major families of models. In particular, we describe deterministic tipping, linear threshold/independent cascade, logic programming diffusion models