Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2-Amino-5-chloropyridinium 4-aminobenzoate

In the title molecular salt, C5H6ClN2 +·C7H6NO2 −, the cations and anions are connected by cation-to-anion and anion-to-anion N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the ring and the CO2 group in the anion is 7.14 (7)°.
EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR THE FLOW OF A GENERALIZED OLDROYD-B FLUID INDUCED BY A SUDDENLY MOVED PLATE BETWEEN TWO SIDE WALLS PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLATE

,( , , ⋅ ⋅ c b a G functions, is presented as a sum between the Newtonian solution and the corresponding nonNewtonian contribution. The solutions corresponding to the generalized Maxwell fluids, as well as the solutions for ordinary Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluids, performing the same motion, are obtained as limiting cases of the general solutions. In the absence of side walls, namely when the distance between walls tends to infinity, the solutions corresponding to the motion over an infinite suddenly moved plate are recovered. Finally, the effect of fractional parameters on the velocity field, as well as the influence of the side walls on the fluid motion, is spotlighted by graphical illustrations.
CXCR4 heterogeneity in primary cells: possible role of ubiquitination

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a primary coreceptor for the HIV‐1 virus. The predicted molecular weight (MW) of glycosylated CXCR4 is 45–47 kDa. However, immunoblots of whole cell lysates from human lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and the Jurkat T‐lymphocyte line revealed multiple MW isoforms of CXCR4. Three of the bands could be precipitated by anti‐CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies (101 and 47 kDa) or coprecipitated with CD4 (62 kDa). Expression of these isoforms was enhanced by infection with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding CXCR4. In immunoblots of two‐dimensional gels, antiubiquitin antibodies reacted with the 62‐kDa CXCR4 species from monocytes subsequent to coprecipitation with anti‐CD4 antibodies. Culturing of monocytes and lymphocytes with lactacystin enhanced the amount of the 101‐kDa CXCR4 isoform in immunoblots by three‐ to sevenfold. In lymphocytes, lactacystin also increased cell‐surface expression of CXCR4, which correlated with enhanced fusion with HIV‐1 envelope‐expressing cells. Similar increases in the intensity of the 101‐kDa isoform were seen after treatment with the lysosomal inhibitors monensin and ammonium chloride. Antiubiquitin antibodies reacted with multiple proteins above 62 kDa, which were precipitated with anti‐CXCR4 antibodies. Our data indicate that ubiquitination may contribute to CXCR4 heterogeneity and suggest roles for proteasomes and lysosomes in the constitutive turnover of CXCR4 in primary human cells.
Establishment and Characterization of Porcine Colonic Epithelial Cells Grown in Primary Culture

Background: Primary cultures of epithelial cells are suitable models for studying epithelial function and, in particular, the regulation of epithelial tightness in vitro. The aim of our study was to develop a protocol for the isolation and culture of porcine colonic epithelial cells and to establish transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as a functional parameter for epithelial tightness. Methods: Epithelial cells were obtained from the proximal colon of piglets by enzymatic dispase digestion. Cells were cultured on collagen-coated membrane supports for 21 days. The epithelial origin of the cells was shown by immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used for further morphological characterization. The integrity and tightness of the artificial epithelium were determined by measuring TEER. Results: The cultured epithelial cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin and ZO-1. They showed dense microvilli on their apical membranes and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase on their basolateral membranes. Adjacent cells were connected by tight junctions. We observed TEER to continuously increase up to 870 ± 38 Ω·cm2 during the culture period. TEER correlated with the amount of epithelial cells expressing ZO-1. Conclusions: The properties of primary cultured epithelial cells resemble the structural properties of polarized colonic epithelium in vivo. Measurement of TEER seems to be suitable for studying epithelial tightness in vitro. We suggest that these primary epithelial cultures be used to investigate the regulation of the epithelial barrier function.
[Impact of pro-environmental behavior on dysmenorrhea].

PURPOSE In this study the impact of pro-environmental behavior, well-being oriented behavior, and use of cloth menstrual pads on dysmenorrhea in Korean female adults was examined according to the theory of reasoned action. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 195 Korean female adults. Data were collected from June to August, 2010 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and logit regression with STATA 10.0. RESULTS Pro-environmental behavior explained 48% of well-being oriented behavior. Well-being oriented behavior explained 10% of cloth pad use. Use of cloth pad explained 4% of dysmenorrhea and 5% of menstrual pain. The path through well-being oriented behavior had a significant effect from pro-environmental behavior to cloth pad use. CONCLUSION Use of cloth pad was significantly related with well-being oriented behavior, pro-environmental behavior, social influence, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual pain. The results of this study suggest that pro-environmental strategies can help health care providers diminish clients' menstrual symptoms. Nursing intervention can support pro-environmental behavioral strategies.
Name as a Vehicle of Communication: A Case of the Efiks of Nigerias Cross River State

This paper seeks to examine the Efik naming system and how it communicates the cultural and genealogical identity of the Efik people of Cross River State of Nigeria. In-depth interviewing is the research technique used for this study. Altogether, 28 persons - nine traditional rulers and 19 community elders - were interviewed; and this is augmented by the researcher? s intuitive knowledge. The theoretical framework adopted for the study is Bormann? s symbolic convergence symbol theory (SCT). Discussion is done in a descriptive form. Findings show that an average Efik person can bear up to six names - enyi? emana (birth name), usio enyi? (given name), udori enyi? or nditik enyi? (nickname), enyi? uko or enyi? akparawa (honorific or pet name), and can also have enyi? udu? k-mm? (baptismal name) and enyi? edis? (confirmation name), if he/she is a Christian, especially of the Catholic faith. The implication of these findings is that name, among the Efik people, has the capacity to communicate the identity, birthday, place of origin, genealogy, achievement, attribute, and ancestry of its bearer though many Efik people are now deviating from the established naming conventions that had existed among them. To, therefore, preserve the Efik tradition and culture, this paper recommends that the naming system should be respected and maintained.
Accuracy of the implant impression obtained from different impression materials and techniques: review

With the predictable integration of implants, the emphasis is shifted towards precise prosthesis. Reproducing the intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving an accurate, passively fitting prosthesis. The critical aspect is to record the three dimensional orientation of the implant as it is present intraorally, other than reproducing fine surface detail for successful implant prosthodontic treatment. The development of impression techniques to accurately record implant position has become more complicated and challenging. During the prosthetic phase of implant therapy there are numerous options available to the implantologist in relation to different impression techniques and materials available for impression making. It is critical to ensure that implant – prosthesis interface have passive fit and original position of the implant maintained in the master cast. There is no evidence supporting that one impression technique or material is better than the other. In the present article the various parameters affecting the accuracy of implant impression along with impression material and technique pertaining to different clinical situations is reviewed.
Effect of reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes on cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco smoke toxicant exposure: 2-year follow up.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A broadly mandated reduction of the nicotine content (RNC) of cigarettes has been proposed in the United States to reduce the addictiveness of cigarettes, to prevent new smokers from becoming addicted and to facilitate quitting in established smokers. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether following 7 months of smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNC), and then returning to their own cigarettes, smokers would demonstrate persistently reduced nicotine intake compared with baseline or quit smoking. METHODS In a community-based clinic 135 smokers not interested in quitting were randomized to one of two groups. A research group smoked their usual brand of cigarettes, followed by five types of research cigarettes with progressively lower nicotine content, each for 1 month, followed by 6 months at the lowest nicotine level (0.5 mg/cigarette) (53 subjects) and then 12 months with no intervention (30 subjects completed). A control group smoked their usual brand for the same period of time (50 subjects at 6 months, 38 completed). Smoking behavior, biomarkers of nicotine intake and smoke toxicant exposure were measured. RESULTS After 7 months smoking VLNC, nicotine intake remained below baseline (plasma cotinine 149 versus 250 ng/ml, P<0.005) with no significant change in cigarettes per day or expired carbon monoxide (CO). During the 12-month follow-up, cotinine levels in RNC smokers rose to baseline levels and to those of control smokers. Quit rates among RNC smokers were very low [7.5 versus 2% in controls, not significant). CONCLUSIONS In smokers not interested in quitting, reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes over 12 months does not appear to result in extinction of nicotine dependence, assessed by persistently reduced nicotine intake or quitting smoking over the subsequent 12 months.
Effects of partial rotor demagnetization on permanent magnet synchronous machines

The effects of magnet faults on the rotor of permanent magnet synchronous machines are analyzed in the present work. In particular, demagnetization effects are analyzed using the finite element method. Two different stator winding configurations are considered in the analysis, series and parallel connected windings. From this analysis, a fault detection strategy based on the information contained in winding-current spectrum is proposed. A fault severity factor is also proposed to quantify residual magnetism losses (demagnetization) on a single magnet. This factor is practically independent from the motor load conditions. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposal.
Sparse Representation of 4D Seismic Signal Based on Dictionary Learning

This work presents the use of Dictionary Learning methods for a sparse representation of 4D seismic data in history matching. We consider a trade-off between the number of coefficients retained in the sparse data representation, the computational cost, and how well we can capture the main features of the 4D seismic signal. K-SVD is an iterative algorithm used in Dictionary Learning problems that alternates between the calculation of the sparse representation vector and dictionary update. For the definition of the sparse representation vector, one can constrain the problem into two distinct approaches: (1) sparsity-constrained; and (2) error-constrained. We evaluated the two methods and the influence of critical parameters of the algorithm (dictionary size, number of iterations, patch size, and training dataset size) using a synthetic reservoir model. Results showed that regardless of which of the constrained approaches we used, the dictionary learning method can capture the main features of the 4D seismic signal with a sparse representation. However, the number of nonzero coefficients is highly dependent on the approach. Besides, dictionary size, number of iterations, patch size, and training dataset size, also have a significant impact on the number of coefficients and the computational cost. Consequently, the selection of these variables is crucial as it might affect the history-matching process. In a permanent-reservoir-monitoring (big data) scenario, the use of sparse representation allows us to retain the main features of the reservoir in a reasonably sized data representation that can be directly used in a history matching method, leading to improved reservoir characterization and a better understanding of the reservoir properties. This paper gives a practical implementation of a technique already used in other areas (image denoising, processing of raw seismic data, and facies representation) applied to 4D seismic data.
Offloading framework for computation service in the edge cloud and core cloud: A case study for face recognition

A fast rate of progress has allowed the proliferation of smartphones and eased their extensive presence in people's daily life. However, low processing speed and limited battery capacity have hindered improvements in the smartphone's computational capabilities. Offloading computational tasks to the cloud could solve this problem by enabling users to access these services over the Internet. Edge cloud computing has been recognized as an emerging field within the cloud computing paradigm, where computation servers are situated at the edge of the Internet to reduce network delay and traffic. Nevertheless, offloading tasks to the cloud is not always beneficial due to variable network conditions and increased processing costs. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning‐based offloading framework has been presented that provides smartphones with the ability to make decisions for local processing in the smartphone or to offload processing tasks to the cloud (edge and/or core). Thus, a smartphone can minimize the combination of the processing time, energy consumption, and monetary cost and maximize the accuracy of face recognition as well. Simulation results under synthetic scenarios show that the proposed offloading framework can effectively adapt to the dynamic cloud computing and networking environment.
Antitumor effect and enhancement of cytotoxic drug activity by cetuximab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck cancer in southern China and South East Asia. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been proposed as a new target for anticancer therapy. EGFR was over-expressed in 85% of NPC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS EGFR protein expression in four NPC cell lines, CNE-2, HONE-1, HK1 and C666-1, was examined by Western immunoblotting. The antitumor effect of cetuximab was studied in the cell lines, either alone or in combination with cisplatin or paclitaxel. RESULTS EGFR protein expression was highest in the HK1 cell line, moderate in CNE-2 and HONE-1, and lowest in C666-1. Single agent cetuximab demonstrated significant antitumor effect in the HK1 and HONE-1 cell lines, but minimal activity in CNE-2 and C666-1 cells. When cetuximab was combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel in the HK1 and HONE-1 cell lines, an additive enhancement of cytotoxic drug activity was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Cetuximab demonstrated single agent activity selectively in NPC cell lines with moderate to high EGFR protein expression. Cetuximab could also additively enhance the antitumor effects of cisplatin or paclitaxel in these NPC cell lines. These results support the rationale of combining cetuximab with current standard chemotherapy to further improve the therapeutic ratio in the treatment of NPC. Future studies should aim at defining the predictive markers for response to cetuximab in order to select the responsive tumor for the correctly targeted agents.
Design of an extended Kalman filter frequency tracker

This paper discusses the problem of designing a frequency tracker using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The design trade-off between balancing noise rejection and tracking at a maximal slew rate is considered, as are the effect of varying design noise covariance values. The performance penalties for over- and under-design of noise covariances are examined and theoretically supported design guidelines are suggested. These are illustrated via simulation results. <<ETX>>
Prognostic significance of TCF 21 mRNA expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Geriatrics, Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Biochemistry & Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Hippocampal sclerosis without detectable hippocampal atrophy

Six patients from three centers had MRI and pathologic evidence of hippocampal sclerosis but no detectable hippocampal atrophy. Loss of normal internal structure and T1- and T2-weighted signal abnormalities allowed the MRI diagnosis of unilateral hippocampal sclerosis when hippocampal volume measurements were normal and symmetric. Although accurate hippocampal volume measurements will determine the most severely affected side in most cases, volume measurements or atrophy alone will not always detect all MRI-visible pathology. Additional detailed MRI assessment is required before structural abnormality of the hippocampus is excluded on the basis of volume measurements.
Identification of small molecule inhibitors for influenza a virus using in silico and in vitro approaches

Influenza viruses have acquired resistance to approved neuraminidase-targeting drugs, increasing the need for new drug targets for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs. Nucleoprotein (NP) is an attractive target since it has an indispensable role in virus replication and its amino acid sequence is well conserved. In this study, we aimed to identify new inhibitors of the NP using a structure-based drug discovery algorithm, named Nagasaki University Docking Engine (NUDE), which has been established especially for the Destination for GPU Intensive Machine (DEGIMA) supercomputer. The hit compounds that showed high binding scores during in silico screening were subsequently evaluated for anti-influenza virus effects using a cell-based assay. A 4-hydroxyquinolinone compound, designated as NUD-1, was found to inhibit the replication of influenza virus in cultured cells. Analysis of binding between NUD-1 and NP using surface plasmon resonance assay and fragment molecular orbital calculations confirmed that NUD-1 binds to NP and could interfere with NP-NP interactions essential for virus replication. Time-of-addition experiments showed that the compound inhibited the mid-stage of infection, corresponding to assembly of the NP and other viral proteins. Moreover, NUD-1 was also effective against various types of influenza A viruses including a clinical isolate of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza with a 50% inhibitory concentration range of 1.8–2.1 μM. Our data demonstrate that the combined use of NUDE system followed by the cell-based assay is useful to obtain lead compounds for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs.
Design of a single circular soft surface applied to an aperture fed Dielectric Resonator antenna for gain and bandwidth improvement

In this paper, a novel design of a new broadband and high gain hybrid antenna is presented. The proposed antenna structure consists of a Dielectric Resonator (DR), an intermediate substrate a microstrip fed slot, and a circular soft surface. With the integration of these different elements, a wide bandwidth response and a high gain are achieved. The cylindrical soft structure is composed of a single metallic strip that is shorted to the ground through two sets of periodic vias. CST Microwave Studio software package is used to investigate the antenna. The input impedance, the gain, and the far field patterns have been analyzed. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is compared to another one which has three rings ant three sets of vias. It is accessed that the electromagnetic characteristics of a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) can be improved by adding an intermediate substrate and a circular soft surface. The gain can be enhanced to near 6 dBi.
Correlation Between DNA Methylation of TRPA1 and Chronic Pain States in Human Whole Blood Cells.

OBJECTIVES Neuro-immune interactions with functional changes in the peripheral blood cells including changes in the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) appear to play a pivotal role in the development of chronic pain in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the association between TRPA1 DNA methylation in whole blood cells and the pain states in chronic pain patients. METHODS After collecting blood samples from 12 chronic pain patients, the authors measured DNA methylation levels in whole blood cells. Significant associations between the patient's demographic data and the chronic pain states were determined by a multiple linear regression analysis that used age, body mass index, pain duration, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, activities of daily living, neuropathic pain, and pain states as the dependent variables, and the TRPA1 DNA methylation levels as the independent variables. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between increases of the methylation levels of the CpG island in the TRPA1 gene and increases in the number of neuropathic pain symptoms, which were evaluated using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire. Decreases in the TRPA1 mRNA expression were also significantly related to increases in the DN4 score. The presence of a burning sensation, which is one of pain symptoms in the DN4 questionnaire, was significantly correlated with the increase in DNA methylation level of TRPA1. CONCLUSIONS TRPA1 DNA methylation levels in whole blood cells appear to be associated with pain symptoms in chronic pain patients.