Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early to midterm results of cardiac surgery with concomitant pulmonary resection.

BACKGROUND We report our experience of cardiac surgery with concomitant pulmonary resection, based on analysis of the results. METHODS Eleven patients (1 woman, 10 men) underwent cardiac surgery simultaneously with pulmonary resection; ten of them through median sternotomy. The cancer pathology consisted of non-small cell carcinoma (n = 10), and benign teratoma (n = 1). All lung lesions were removed using a wedge resection. Cardiac procedures consisted of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 4), aortic valve replacement (n = 3), mitral valve plasty (n = 2), total arch replacement (n = 1), and descending aorta replacement (n = 1). Lung wedge resections were performed after induction with protamine sulfate. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 19 ± 11 months (2-34). There was no operative mortality and no major cardiac complications. Three patients underwent a subsequent lobectomy through lateral thoracotomy. There were two postoperative deaths: one was from an unknown cause, 8 months postoperatively and another was from a lung cancer recurrence, 9 months after surgery. There were two local recurrences, 9 months and 14 months, postoperatively. The mean cancer-free period was 17 ± 10 (2-32) months. CONCLUSION Rates of operative mortality and morbidity following cardiac surgery with concomitant pulmonary resection were favorable, and early to midterm results were acceptable.
Non-senescent Hydra tolerates severe disturbances in the nuclear lamina

The cnidarian Hydra is known for its unlimited lifespan and non-senescence, due to the indefinite self-renewal capacity of its stem cells. While proteins of the Lamin family are recognized as critical factors affecting senescence and longevity in human and mice, their putative role in the extreme longevity and non-senescence in long-living animals remains unknown. Here we analyze the role of a single lamin protein in non-senescence of Hydra. We demonstrate that proliferation of stem cells in Hydra is robust against the disturbance of Lamin expression and localization. While Lamin is indispensable for Hydra, the stem cells tolerate overexpression, downregulation and mislocalization of Lamin, and disturbances in the nuclear envelope structure. This extraordinary robustness may underlie the indefinite self-renewal capacity of stem cells and the non-senescence of Hydra. A relatively low complexity of the nuclear envelope architecture in basal Metazoa might allow for their extreme lifespans, while an increasing complexity of the nuclear architecture in bilaterians resulted in restricted lifespans.
Atomic Resolution Crystal Structures and Quantum Chemistry Meet to Reveal Subtleties of Hydroxynitrile Lyase Catalysis*

Hydroxynitrile lyases are versatile enzymes that enantiospecifically cope with cyanohydrins, important intermediates in the production of various agrochemicals or pharmaceuticals. We determined four atomic resolution crystal structures of hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis: one native and three complexes with acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and thiocyanate. We observed distinct distance changes among the active site residues related to proton shifts upon substrate binding. The combined use of crystallography and ab initio quantum chemical calculations allowed the determination of the protonation states in the enzyme active site. We show that His235 of the catalytic triad must be protonated in order for catalysis to proceed, and we could reproduce the cyanohydrin synthesis in ab initio calculations. We also found evidence for the considerable pKa shifts that had been hypothesized earlier. We envision that this knowledge can be used to enhance the catalytic properties and the stability of the enzyme for industrial production of enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins.
Isolation of fecal coliforms from pristine sites in a tropical rain forest

Samples collected from water accumulated in leaf axilae of bromeliads (epiphytic flora) in a tropical rain forest were found to harbor fecal coliforms. Random identification of fecal coliform-positive isolates demonstrated the presence of Escherichia coli. This bacterium was also isolated from bromeliad leaf surfaces. These data indicate that E. coli may be part of the phyllosphere microflora and not simply a transient bacterium of this habitat. The isolation of fecal coliforms from these sites was unexpected and raises questions as to the validity of using fecal coliforms as indicators of biological water quality in the tropics.
IFNα-Expressing Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate to and Suppress HeLa Cell-Derived Tumors in a Mouse Model

Background Immunotherapy for cervical cancer with type I interferon (IFN) is limited because of the cytotoxicity that accompanies the high doses that are administered. In this study, we investigated the utilization of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) as a means for delivering IFNα to local tumor sites for the suppression of cervical cancer in a mouse model using HeLa cell xenografts. Methods The tumor tropism ability of AF-MSCs and AF-MSCs genetically modified to overexpress IFNα (IFNα-AF-MSCs) was examined through Transwell in vitro and through fluorescent images and immunohistochemistry in a mouse model. Tumor size and tumor apoptosis were observed to evaluate the efficacy of the targeting therapy. Mechanistically, tumor cell apoptosis was detected by cytometry and TUNEL, and oncogenic proteins c-Myc, p53, and Bcl-2 as well as microvessel density were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In this model, intravenously injected AF-MSCs selectively migrated to the tumor sites, participated in tumor construction, and promoted tumor growth. After being genetically modified to overexpress IFNα, the IFNα-AF-MSCs maintained their tumor tropism but could significantly suppress tumor growth. The restrictive efficacy of IFNα-AF-MSCs was associated with the suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. Neither AF-MSCs nor IFNα-AF-MSCs trigger tumor formation. Conclusions IFNα-AF-MSC-based therapy is feasible and shows potential for treating cervical cancer, suggesting that AF-MSCs may be promising vehicles for delivering targeted anticancer therapy.
An empirical analysis of the 2014 Major League Baseball season

Abstract An econometric analysis of the 2014 Major League Baseball season is conducted with respect to regular season victories. Results obtained confirm many, but not all, results reported in prior research. The importance of solid team pitching and offence is underscored. Team defence did not vary sufficiently to play a statistically significant role in team victory differences. Outcomes for total payrolls and salary disparities differ substantially from prior seasons. History may serve as a guide to what occurs on the field, but it does not always replicate the patterns of bygone years. Ultimately, 2014 represents another departure from the standard baseball norm.
Dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand

This study examines the recent quantitative characteristics of dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Previous studies have focused on inequitable allocation, where the highest priority is given to the domestic water sector and uneven irrigation water variability exists among projects in the delta. This study uses a statistical test and panel data analysis to confirm that the characteristics highlighted in previous studies remain accurate, and it discusses the source of these characteristics in order to understand the issues in water allocation in the Chao Phraya River delta.
The FAMOUS climate model (versions XFXWB and XFHCC): description update to version XDBUA

Abstract. FAMOUS is an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model of low resolution, based on version 4.5 of the UK MetOffice Unified Model. Here we update the model description to account for changes in the model as it is used in the CMIP5 EMIC model intercomparison project (EMICmip) and a number of other studies. Most of these changes correct errors found in the code. The EMICmip version of the model (XFXWB) has a better-conserved water budget and additional cooling in some high latitude areas, but otherwise has a similar climatology to previous versions of FAMOUS. A variant of XFXWB is also described, with changes to the dynamics at the top of the model which improve the model climatology (XFHCC).
Independence, accountability and perceived quality of regulatorsA CERRE Study

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Compression of single-crystal magnesium oxide to 118 GPa and a ruby pressure gauge for helium pressure media

Abstract The pressure-volume equation of state (EoS) of single-crystal MgO has been studied in diamondanvil cells loaded with helium to 118 GPa and in a non-hydrostatic KCl pressure medium to 87 GPa using monochromatic synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan fit to the nonhydrostatic P-V data (KCl medium) yields typical results for the initial volume, V0 = 74.698(7) Å3, bulk modulus, KT0 = 164(1) GPa, and pressure derivative, K′ = 4.05(4), using the non-hydrostatic ruby pressure gauge of Mao et al. (1978). However, compression of MgO in helium yields V0 = 74.697(6) Å3, KT0 = 159.6(6) GPa, and K′ = 3.74(3) using the quasi-hydrostatic ruby gauge of Mao et al. (1986). In helium, the fitted equation of state of MgO underdetermines the pressure by 8% at 100 GPa when compared with the primary MgO pressure scale of Zha et al. (2000), with KT0 = 160.2 GPa and K′ = 4.03. The results suggest that either the compression mechanism of MgO changes above 40 GPa (in helium), or the ruby pressure gauge requires adjustment for the softer helium pressure medium. We propose a ruby pressure gauge for helium based on shift of the ruby-R1 fluorescence line (Δλ/λ0) and the primary MgO pressure scale, with P (GPa) = A/B{[1 + (Δλ/λ0)]B - 1}, where A is fixed to 1904 GPa and B = 10.32(7).
A Review of the Marine Economic Valuation Literature 1975 – 2011: Classifying Existing Studies by Service Type, Value Type, and Valuation Methodology

There is a long history of the application of economic valuation methods to marine environments, changes to marine environments, and changes to marine management. Increasingly, however, there is an interest in analyzing the economic consequences of changes in marine ecosystem service provision resulting from changes in marine management and marine ecosystem state. In turn, this requires either that researchers conduct new, primary valuation studies focused on particular marine ecosystem services, or that researchers use existing studies and transfer values from one research and policy context to another (also known as benefits transfer). This study presents the result of a review of the marine economic valuation literature that was conducted as a part of an EU-FP7 project with the goals of understanding 1) the state of the marine economic valuation literature in certain countries, 2) the potential for this literature to support benefits transfer-based analyses, and 3) gaps in the existing literature. The review was also intended to support the undertaking of new, gap-filling primary non-market valuation studies. The results indicate that there are many gaps in the existing marine valuation literature with respect to the individual ecosystem services valued, the valuation methodologies that have been utilized, and the types of economic value captured.
The epidemiology of multiple P / asmodhm falciparum infections 7 . Dynamics of multiple Plasmodium fahiparum infections in infants in a highly endemic area of Tanzania

The force of infection and recovery rate for malaria in infants in a highly endemic area ofTanzania were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping of the Plasmodium falciparum msp2 locus in 99 paired blood samples. Overall, new genotypes were acquired at a rate of 0.064 per day, and the average duration of infections was estimated to be 23 d. The highest recovery rates were in children under 4 months of age. The higher susceptibility of infants to clinical malaria in comparison with older children, in areas of very high transmission, may be largely a consequence of the short duration of infections which precludes the establishment of concomitant immunity. The high turnover of infections also implies that infection prevalence and multiplicity approach an equilibrium even in very young children, and calls into question the use of infant conversion rates as a measure of transmission intensity.
First Metal-Free Synthesis of Tetracyclic Pyrido and Pyrazino Thienopyrimidinone Molecules

We report herein a new metal free synthetic pathway to generate tetracyclic compounds from 3-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate. To enlarge the molecular diversity, we studied the Suzuki coupling of 9-chloro-6H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-one and several boronic acids were easily introduced.
Geoscientific Model Development Semi-Lagrangian methods in air pollution models

Various semi-Lagrangian methods are tested with respect to advection in air pollution modeling. The aim is to find a method fulfilling as many of the desirable properties by Rasch and Williamson (1990) andMachenhauer et al. (2008) as possible. The focus in this study is on accuracy and local mass conservation. The methods tested are, first, classical semi-Lagrangian cubic interpolation, see e.g. Durran (1999), second, semiLagrangian cubic cascade interpolation, by Nair et al.(2002), third, semi-Lagrangian cubic interpolation with the modified interpolation weights, Locally Mass Conserving SemiLagrangian (LMCSL), byKaas (2008), and last, semiLagrangian cubic interpolation with a locally mass conserving monotonic filter byKaas and Nielsen(2010). Semi-Lagrangian (SL) interpolation is a classical method for atmospheric modeling, cascade interpolation is more efficient computationally, modified interpolation weights assure mass conservation and the locally mass conserving monotonic filter imposes monotonicity. All schemes are tested with advection alone or with advection and chemistry together under both typical rural and urban conditions using different temporal and spatial resolution. The methods are compared with a current state-of-theart scheme, Accurate Space Derivatives (ASD), see Frohn et al. (2002), presently used at the National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) in Denmark. To enable a consistent comparison only non-divergent flow configurations are tested. The test cases are based either on the traditional slotted cylinder or the rotating cone, where the schemes’ ability to model both steep gradients and slopes are challenged. Correspondence to: A. B. Hansen (abu@dmu.dk) The tests showed that the locally mass conserving monotonic filter improved the results significantly for some of the test cases, however, not for all. It was found that the semiLagrangian schemes, in almost every case, were not able to outperform the current ASD scheme used in DEHM with respect to accuracy.
SINIF YÖNETİMİNDE İSTENMEYEN ÖĞRENCİ DAVRANIŞLARININ İLKOKUL VE ORTAOKULLARDA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELENMESİ

The aim of this study is to determine the undesired behaviors of students that class teachers faced in the classroom and to invastigate the students misbehavior in classroom management in state primary schools and secondary schools with a comparative approach. Whether there is a meaningful difference in terms of school type, gender, years of employment and graduation status has been studied. 218 primary school and secondary school teachers participated in the study. Meaningful differences were found according to school type , years of employment and graduation status. Gender status have not made any differences. This study is offered teachers giving training to improve classroom management.
Vertical distribution of phytoplankton communities in open ocean: An assessment based on surface chlorophyll

[1] The present study examines the potential of using the near-surface chlorophyll a concentration ([Chla]surf), as it can be derived from ocean color observation, to infer the column-integrated phytoplankton biomass, its vertical distribution, and ultimately the community composition. Within this context, a large High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigment database was analyzed. It includes 2419 vertical pigment profiles, sampled in case 1 waters with various trophic states (0.03–6 mg Chla m � 3 ). The relationships between [Chla]surf and the chlorophyll a vertical distribution, as previously derived by Morel and Berthon (1989), are fully confirmed. This agreement makes it possible to go further and to examine if similar relationships between [Chla]surf and the phytoplankton assemblage composition along the vertical can be derived. Thanks to the detailed pigment composition, and use of specific pigment biomarkers, the contribution to the local chlorophyll a concentration of three phytoplankton groups can be assessed. With some cautions, these groups coincide with three size classes, i.e., microplankton, nanoplankton and picoplankton. Corroborating previous regional findings (e.g., large species dominate in eutrophic environments, whereas tiny phytoplankton prevail in oligotrophic zones), the present results lead to an empirical parameterization applicable to most oceanic waters. The predictive skill of this parameterization is satisfactorily tested on a separate data set. With such a tool, the vertical chlorophyll a profiles of each group can be inferred solely from the knowledge of [Chla]surf. By combining this tool with satellite ocean color data, it becomes possible to quantify on a global scale the phytoplankton biomass associated with each of the three algal assemblages.
Smart Multi-RAT Access Based on Multiagent Reinforcement Learning

The ongoing increasing traffic in the era of big data yields unprecedented demands in user experience and network capacity expansion. The users of next generation mobile networks (5 G) should be able to use 3GPP, IEEE, and other technologies simultaneously. The integration of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) of licensed or unlicensed bands has been widely deemed as a cost-efficient way to greatly increase the network capacity. In this paper, we propose a smart aggregated RAT access (SARA) strategy with aim of maximizing the long-term network throughput while meeting diverse traffic quality of service (QoS) requirements. We consider the scenario that users with different QoS requirements access to a heterogeneous network with coexisting cellular-WiFi. In order to maximize system throughput while meeting diverse traffic QoS requirements in such a complex and dynamic environment, we exploit multiagent reinforcement learning to perform RAT selection in conjunction with resource allocation for individual user access requests, through sensing dynamic channel states and traffic QoS requirements. In SARA, we first use Nash Q-learning to provide a set of feasible RAT selection strategies while decreasing the strategy space in learning process, and then employ Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) based Q-learning to perform resource allocation. Numerical results reveal that the network throughput can be maximized while meeting various traffic QoS requirements with limited number of searches by using our proposed SARA algorithm. For bulk arrival access requests, a suboptimal solution can be obtained as high computational complexity is incurred for achieving global optimality. Another attractive feature of SARA is that a tradeoff between the solution optimality and learning time can be readily made by terminating the search of MCTS according to the time constraint. Compared with traditional WiFi offloading schemes, SARA can significantly improve network throughput while guaranteeing traffic QoS requirements.
Avoidance Region Discovery: A Summary of Results

Given a set of GPS trajectories, avoidance region discovery (ARD) (cid:12)nds regions that are avoided by drivers. ARD is important for applications such as sociology, city/transportation planning and crime mitigation, where it can help domain users understand the driver behavior under di(cid:11)erent concerns (e.g. rush hour, congestion, dangerous neighborhood, etc.). ARD is challenging because of the large number of trajectories with thousands of GPS points, large number of candidate avoidance regions, and the cost of evaluating those. Related work is focused on (cid:12)nding evasive trajectories for a given set of avoidance regions. Distinct from the related work, we propose an Avoidance Region Miner (ARM) approach that can detect both the avoidance regions and evasive trajectories just by using the trajectories in hand without the need of an additional input. A case study on real trajectory data con(cid:12)rms that ARM discovers such regions for further investigation by domain users. Experiments show that ARM yields substantial computational savings compared to a baseline approach.
What Determines Whether Preferential Liberalization of Barriers against Foreign Investors in Services Are Beneficial or Immizerising: Application to the Case of Kenya

Abstract Despite the fact that many modern preferential trade agreements include commitments to foreign investors in imperfectly competitive services sectors, the literature has not established conditions under which these agreements are beneficial or harmful. The authors fill that void by developing a model with monopolistic competition and foreign direct investment in services with Dixit-Stiglitz endogenous productivity effects from additional varieties. They specify a numerical model, with probability distributions of all parameters. The model is executed 30,000 times, and results are reported as probability of an outcome, based on the sample distribution. In order to ground the results in reality, the authors apply the model to Kenya. They show that preferential commitments in services could be immizerising. Losses are more likely the greater the share of initial rent capture on the services barriers in the home country and the more technologically advanced are the excluded regions relative to the partner region.
Deep learning LSTM based ransomware detection

There is a growing interest in academia and industry to employ dynamic analysis for automating malwares analysis. In dynamic analysis, Application Programming Interface (API) calls made by the executable is a promising source to identify the behavior of an application. The list of API calls made by a process can be considered as a word sequence. This work aims to detect ransomware behavior by employing Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks for binary sequence classification of API calls. We present an automated approach to extract API calls from the log of modified sandbox environment and detect ransomware behavior. The proposed approach is expected to improve the automated analysis of large volume of malwares samples.