Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How much do children say in a day?

As long ago as 1917, Schlag (1917: 218) pondered that it would be very valuable to record all the words said by a child in the course of one day. At that time, however, technology was not sufficiently developed for such a recording of a child's spontaneous speech to be feasible, and speculation was all that was available (Wagner 1974: 29-33). Not until the fifties and sixties did the emergence of tape recorders make the recording of a whole day of a child's verbal behaviour a real possibility.
Immunization with Recombinant Surface Antigen P50 of Babesia gibsoni Expressed in Insect Cells Induced Parasite Growth Inhibition in Dogs

ABSTRACT This is a report of a vaccine trial directed against Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs with the use of the recombinant antigen P50. Dogs immunized with P50 showed partial protection manifested as a significantly low level of parasitemia. The results indicated that P50 is a primary vaccine candidate molecule against canine B. gibsoni infection.
Biofilm adaptation to iron availability in the presence of biotite and consequences for chemical weathering

Bacteria in nature often live within biofilms, exopolymeric matrices that provide a favorable environment that can differ markedly from their surroundings. Biofilms have been found growing on mineral surfaces and are expected to play a role in weathering those surfaces, but a clear understanding of how environmental factors, such as trace‐nutrient limitation, influence this role is lacking. Here, we examine biofilm development by Pseudomonas putida in media either deficient or sufficient in Fe during growth on biotite, an Fe rich mineral, or on glass. We hypothesized that the bacteria would respond to Fe deficiency by enhancing biotite dissolution and by the formation of binding sites to inhibit Fe leaching from the system. Glass coupons acted as a no‐Fe control to investigate whether biofilm response depended on the presence of Fe in the supporting solid. Biofilms grown on biotite, as compared to glass, had significantly greater biofilm biomass, specific numbers of viable cells (SNVC), and biofilm cation concentrations of K, Mg, and Fe, and these differences were greater when Fe was deficient in the medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that biofilm growth altered the biotite surface, smoothing the rough, jagged edges of channels scratched by hand on the biotite, and dissolving away small, easy‐to‐access particles scattered across the planar surface. High‐resolution magic angle spinning proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS 1H NMR) spectroscopy showed that, in the Fe‐deficient medium, the relative amount of polysaccharide nearly doubled relative to that in biofilms grown in the medium amended with Fe. The results imply that the bacteria responded to the Fe deficiency by obtaining Fe from biotite and used the biofilm matrix to enhance weathering and as a sink for released cation nutrients. These results demonstrate one mechanism by which biofilms may help soil microbes overcome nutrient deficiencies in oligotrophic systems.
Mediators of the Associations Between Externalizing Behaviors and Internalizing Symptoms in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence

This study tests the predictive associations between externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms and examines the mediating roles of social competence, parent-child conflicts, and academic achievement. Using youth-, parent-, and teacher-reported longitudinal data on a sample of 523 boys and 460 girls from late childhood to early adolescence, we found evidence for pathways between externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms in both directions. Parent-child conflict, but not social competence and academic achievement, was found to be a significant mediator such that externalizing behaviors predicted parent-child conflicts, which in turn, predicted internalizing symptoms. Internalizing symptoms showed more continuity during early adolescence for girls than boys. For boys, academic achievement was unexpectedly, positively predictive of internalizing symptoms. The results highlight the importance of facilitating positive parental and caregiver involvement during adolescence in alleviating the risk of co-occurring psychopathology.
Regret appraisals, Coping Styles of Regret and Subjective Well-Being in Middle Aged Women

The present study aimed to investigate how different coping styles of regret appraisals and experiences affect subjective well-being in middle aged women. Data was collected from 40–65 year old women residing in D city and K province, using a self-administered questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 21.0 was used to conduct t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that life satisfaction, as an aspect of subjective well-being, increased with higher monthly income, lower regret intensity, and greater pursuit of alternative goals. Meanwhile, with psychological well-being, as another aspect of subjective well-being, was found to be positively affected by better perceived health, more rumination on regret, more separation of goals, and greater pursuit of alternative goals.
Striking the right balance: A qualitative pilot study examining the role of information on the development of expectations in patients treated for head and neck cancer

The a priori aims of this study were, firstly, to investigate the types of expectations patients treated for head and neck cancer had prior to treatment and the extent to which these had been met post-treatment. Secondly, to investigate the role information played on the development of expectations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients. Data were analysed and classified using a Framework Analysis Approach. Expectations were subcategorized as either ‘Specific’ or ‘Global’. ‘Specific’ expectations centred around: side effects of treatment; post-treatment aesthetics and the recovery process. ‘Global’ expectations centred around the whole cancer experience. A large proportion of patients described the whole experience as being much worse than they had anticipated. ‘The role of information on expectations’ was subcategorized into: ‘too much’ information, ‘too little’ information and the ‘timing’ of information. In conclusion, there were large variations in the types of expectations patients had, and between patients expectations and their actual experiences. Expectations appeared to be influenced by the information received and retained. Respondents emphasized the fine line between being given ‘too much’ information at the wrong time and ‘not enough’ information at the right time. This study has clear implications for reducing pre- and post-treatment uncertainty by supplying verbal and written information on a timely and individual basis, in order to reduce the mismatch between patient expectations and experiences.
The effect of disturbances on milk production in cows

Observations were made at the evening and morning milkings immediately before, and the corresponding milkings immediately after, cows had either been injected with tuberculin or disturbed by parties of visitors. At the evening milkings both types of disturbance reduced yield and solids-not-fat (SNF) and protein percentages, but the tuberculin tests increased, and the party visits decreased, the fat percentages. For all these parameters compensatory opposite results were obtained at the milkings the following mornings.
Linking the Big Five Personality Constructs to Organizational Justice

Although extensive research has been conducted to investigate various factors related to organizational justice, few studies have examined the link between personality traits and organizational justice. Using a field sample, we explored the relationships between the five-factor model of personality and organizational justice. Results indicated that agreeableness and neuroticism were important correlates of organizational justice. Specifically, agreeableness was found to be positively related to all four organizational justice components proposed by Colquitt (2001). Neuroticism was found to be negatively related to procedural justice and informational justice. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
A Theory of Attribution

Attribution of economic joint effects is achieved with a random order model of their relative importance. Random order consistency and elementary axioms uniquely identify linear and proportional marginal attribution. These are the Shapley (1953) and proportional (Feldman (1999, 2002) and Ortmann (2000)) values of the dual of the implied cooperative game. Random order consistency does not use a reduced game. Restricted potentials facilitate identification of proportional value derivatives and coalition formation results. Attributions of econometric model performance, using data from Fair (1978), show stability across models. Proportional marginal attribution (PMA) is found to correctly identify factor relative importance and to have a role in model construction. A portfolio attribution example illuminates basic issues regarding utility attribution and demonstrates investment applications. PMA is also shown to mitigate concerns (e.g., Thomas (1977)) regarding strategic behavior induced by linear cost attribution.
Anthocyanin kinetics are dependent on anthocyanin structure

The kinetics of anthocyanin metabolism was investigated in a human feeding trial. Volunteers (n 12) consumed purple carrots containing five anthocyanin forms: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-coumuroyl-glucose-galactoside). The purple carrots were served as three different treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Purple carrot treatments were 250 g raw carrots, 250 g cooked carrots and 500 g cooked carrots. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for 8 and 24 h after the dose, respectively, and analysed for anthocyanins. Of the anthocyanin forms ingested, four were detected in plasma and urine: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside). The time courses of plasma and urine anthocyanin contents were evaluated with compartmental modelling. Results showed that absorption, gastrointestinal transit and plasma elimination are dependent on anthocyanin structure. Absorption efficiencies of acylated compounds (cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside)) were less than those for non-acylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside)). The acylated anthocyanins exhibited a shorter half-life for gastrointestinal absorption than the non-acylated anthocyanins. Fractional elimination of non-acylated compounds was slower than that for acylated anthocyanins. These results provide the first information about the kinetics of individual anthocyanins in human beings.
Journalism innovation leads to innovation journalism: The impact of computational exploration on changing mindsets

This article investigates a rapidly expanding branch of journalism innovation in online news media. The umbrella term computational exploration in journalism (CEJ), embraces the multifaceted development of algorithms, data, and social science methods in reporting and storytelling. CEJ typically involves the journalistic co-creation of quantitative news projects that transcend geographical, disciplinary, and linguistic boundaries. Drawing on extensive empirical data, this article provides a conceptual overview of the field by identifying three main pathways of computational exploration in journalism: the newsroom approach, the academic approach, and the entrepreneurial approach. Implications for changing journalistic practice are discussed, and the theorizing is summed up in a triplex proposition about changing mindset processes coming out of CEJ. The study indicates that the computational exploration not only leads to innovative uses of the technology, but also to innovative ways for journalists to think and behave; journalism innovation leads to innovation journalism.
The Quiet Reform in American Education: Policy Issues and Conceptual Challenges in the School-to-Work Transition

A quiet reform has gone almost unnoticed in the many policy debates about improving America's schools. Labeled "The School-to-Work Revolution" by Lynn Olson and others, this little-noticed movement offers, at last, a solution to the constraining historical dualism between academic and vocational training. There is a new enthusiasm for and focus on the preparation-for employment side of American secondary education. However, although reinvigorated, the school-to-work revolution remains heavily threatened by our nation's reputation for low-quality vocational education and by some long-unresolved tensions with regard to social mobility and political control. This article discusses the need for additional theorizing about and policy-minded attention to the revolution and observes that valuable opportunities for improvement in job preparation are at hand in an increased national interest in economic development.
A Neural Network based Approach for Predicting Customer Churn in Cellular Network Services

arketing literature states that it is more costly to engage a new customer than to retain an existing loyal customer. Churn prediction models are developed by academics and practitioners to effectively manage and control customer churn in order to retain existing customers. As churn management is an important activity for companies to retain loyal customers, the ability to correctly predict customer churn is necessary. As the cellular network services market becoming more competitive, customer churn management has become a crucial task for mobile communication operators. This paper proposes a neural network (NN) based approach to predict customer churn in subscription of cellular wireless services. The results of experiments indicate that neural network based approach can predict customer churn with accuracy more than 92%. Further, it was observed that medium sized NNs perform best for the customer churn prediction when different neural network's topologies were experimented.
Irish Road sign detection and recognition based on CIELab colour segmentation and HOG feature extraction

—This paper presents a road signs detection and classification system for a database including still images of Irish road signs. The solution combines colour segmentation and shape analysis for detection of candidates. The detection divides the candidates into three channels: red, blue and yellow signs treated independently. The features are extracted using Histogram of Gaussians (HOG) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) performs dimensionality reduction. Several SVMs and Nearest Neighbours classifiers are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Although computationally efficiency has been an objective, the solution developed with Matlab is not suitable for real time application in its current form.
Further data on the validity of the informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE)

The validity of the long and short forms of the IQCODE was studied in a group of 144 elderly ex‐servicemen whose wives served as informants. The study examined the association of the IQCODE with clinical diagnosis of dementia, a battery of neuropsychological and psychological tests, CT scan findings and psychosocial characteristics of informants. For comparison, the validity of the Mini‐Mental State Examination was also examined using the same standards. The IQCODE was found to perform as well as the Mini‐Mental as a screening test for dementia. Unlike the Mini‐Mental, it was not influenced by premorbid intelligence or education. However, it was influenced by other non‐cognitive factors: the affective state and personality of the subject, the affective state of the informant and the quality of the relationship between the subject and the informant. The short and long forms of the IQCODE were highly correlated and had equal validity.
ICPC Multilingual Collaboratory: a Web-and Unicode-Based System for Distributed Editing/Translating/Viewing of the Multilingual International Classification of Primary Care

The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a clinical classification containing 726 clinical concepts, available in over 20 languages, augmented by links to ICD-10 concepts. It is employed in clinical information systems in several European countries, Israel, Japan, and Australia. In translating ICPC, it has been challenging to manage the flow of multilingual information, maintain its quality, and optimize its portability, particularly in light of the numerous character encodings used to represent its content. The ICPC Multilingual Collaboratory (IMC) is a World Wide Web-based environment, created to allow the viewing, maintenance, and translation of ICPC content by a dispersed international editorial staff. Based upon open-source software, it represents ICPC content using the Unicode standard for character encoding. The system implements three interfaces to ICPC data: 1) a password-protected editorial interface which instantiates a hierarchical authority model and communication channels for review and control of content, including a means of up-loading new candidate translations; 2) an openly accessible read-only interface, with e-mail access to the editors (providing another level of content review); and, 3) a management interface for the system administrator. The completed system powerfully demonstrates the ability of the World Wide Web, open-source software, and Unicode to expedite and simplify international multilingual collaboration, even in a world in which Unicode support is incomplete on existing computing platforms.
Amplification of Capsule-associated Genes from Cryptococcus neoformans

The capsule of C. neoformans is an important virulence factor and its strains exhibit variability in their capsular polysaccharide, cell morphology and virulence, but the relationship between these variables is not well studied. In this study, four different phenotypes were under investigation, two vary in capsule diameter and another two vary in colony color and cell form, R, T, P and H phenotypes respectively. The phenotypic switching was induced by certain volatile oils (rosemary and thyme). Capsule-associated genes, CAP 10, CAP 59, CAP 60, and CAP 64 were amplified to explore the genetic profile of these genes. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the PCR products revealed the same expected product for each gene from all phenotypes. [Randa Alarousy, Heidy Abo El Yazeed, Hosam Kotb, Khaled Abdalla, and Mohamed Refai Amplification of Capsuleassociated Genes from Cryptococcus neoformans] New York Science Journal 2011;4(11):38-42 ]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork.
Isolation Techniques for Soft Cores

A cost effective system-on-a-chip (SOC) test strongly hinges on the parallel independent test of SOC cores, which can only be ensured through proper core isolation techniques. Whereas a core isolation mechanism can provide controllability and observability at the core I/O interface, its implementation may have various implications on area, functional timing, test time and data volume, and at-speed coverage on the core interface. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the soft core isolation problem by covering a wide spectrum of techniques ranging from the utilization of only functional registers to the utilization of only wrapper cells. We model the generalized problem of finding the minimum number of isolation registers, in the form of a mixture of functional registers and wrapper cells, by mapping the problem onto the maximum Boolean satisfiability problem; by utilizing the key findings in this mapping, we implement a computationally efficient heuristic for selecting a subset of core I/Os, on which wrapper cell insertion minimizes the total number of interface registers. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this heuristic, with area and performance constraints also accounted for, delivering a wide spectrum of tradeoff points for isolating a soft core.
Energy-Efficient XML Stream Processing through Element-Skipping Parsing

This paper proposes a scheme of energy-efficient XML stream processing through element-skipping parsing. Although parsing is one of the most computationally heavy part in the process of XML stream processing, existing techniques do not focus on the efficiency of XML parsing. To this problem, in our scheme, we propose element-skipping parsing where the parsing of such XML elements that do not contribute to the final query result is skipped with the coordination of XML parser and query processor. We show that the scheme is effective in reducing the execution time as well as energy consumption of stream-based XML query processor.
Inclusion Investigation during Clean Steel Production at Baosteel

The importance of clean steel to product quality is increasingly being recognized. Controlling the size distribution, morphology, and composition of the non-metallic oxide inclusions is the first demand for clean steel. In addition, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen and even carbon [1, 2] also should be controlled, because these elements affect steel mechanical properties. For example, formability, ductility and fatigue strength worsen with increasing sulfide and oxide inclusion content. Lowering C and N enhances strain aging and increases ductility and toughness. Solid solubility, hardenability and resistance to temper embrittlement can be enhanced by lowering P. [1] The definition of ‘clean steel’ varies with steel grade and its end use. For example, IF steel requires C and N both <30ppm; line pipe requires S, N and O all <30ppm; HIC resistant steel requires P≤50ppm and S≤10ppm, and bearing steel requires the total oxygen less than 10ppm. In addition, many applications restrict the maximum size of inclusions [3, , so the size distribution of inclusions is also important. The control of steel cleanliness has been extensively reviewed by Kiessling in 1980 , McPherson and McLean in 1992 , Mu and Holappa in 1993 , Cramb in 1999 , and Zhang and Thomas in 2003 . The current paper reports on steel cleanliness investigations and mathematical simulations of fluid flow and inclusion behavior in ladle, tundish and continuous caster to improve understanding of clean steel production.
Sociability and prosocial orientation as predictors of youth adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study in a Chinese sample

The purpose of the study was to examine contributions of sociable and prosocial dimensions of social competence in childhood to the prediction of educational attainment and socioemotional adjustment in early adulthood in urban China. A sample of children at 12 years of age participated in the original study, and was followed up seven years later when they graduated from high school. Sociability and prosocial orientation in childhood were assessed by peer evaluations. Data concerning youth adjustment were collected from self-reports of the participants and their parents. The results indicated that sociability and prosocial orientation had differential significance for later adjustment in different areas. Whereas prosocial orientation made unique contributions to the prediction of educational achievement, sociability in the early years was a significant and reliable predictor of later socioemotional adjustment.