Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profiling the followers of the most influential and verified users on Sina Weibo

The new social media such as Twitter and Sina Weibo has become an increasingly popular channel for spreading influence, challenging traditional media such as TVs and newspapers. The most influential and verified users, also called big-V accounts on Sina Weibo often attract million of followers and fans, creating massive “celebrity-centric” social networks on the social media, which play a key role in disseminating breaking news, latest events, and controversial opinions on social issues. Given the importance of these accounts, it is very crucial to understand social networks and user influence of these accounts and profile their followers' behaviors. Towards this end, this paper monitors a selected group of influential users on Sina Weibo and collects their tweet streams as well as retweeting and commenting activities on these tweets from their followers. Our analysis on tweet data streams from Sina Weibo reveals when and what the followers comment on the tweets of these influential users, and discovers different temporal patterns and word diversity in the comments. Based on the insight gained from follower characteristics, we further develop simple and intuitive algorithms for classifying the followers into spammers and normal fans. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are able to achieve an average accuracy of 95.20% in detecting spammers from the followers who have commented on the tweets of these influential accounts.
Precise Race Detection and Efficient Model Checking Using Locksets

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for detecting data-races in an execution of a concurrent program. Our algorithm is sound and precise, that is, it reports a race in an execution iff there are two accesses to a shared variable along the execution that are not ordered by the happens-before relation. Previous algorithms for computing the happens-before relation are based on clock vectors. On the other hand, our algorithm is based solely on the concept of locksets and is able to capture all mutual-exclusion synchronization idioms uniformly with one mechanism. Our lockset algorithm could be very useful for improving the precision of flow-sensitive static analyses, particularly those for detecting data-races and atomicity violations in concurrent programs. We present one such analysis, a model checking algorithm that uses our lockset algorithm both to check for races exhaustively and perform partial-order reduction when races are absent. Our characterization of the happens-before relation in terms of locksets rather than clock vectors is crucial for the fixpoint computation inherent in model checking and other flow-sensitive analyses. We have implemented our algorithm and used it to prove the absence of data-races and assertion failures on a number of examples containing a variety of synchronization idioms.
A study to measure distance using monotone cubic hermite interpolation and marker recognition

This paper proposes a way to measure distance between a camera and marker using monotone cubic hermite interpolation and marker recognition. After vertex point of the marker at the image obtained from the camera, the marker using Counter-Clock-Wise (CCW) algorithm is detected and the size of this is saved. The distance value about the marker size is calculated by using hermite interpolation. By comparing new marker size and the values calculated, the distance is decided by the closest value. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective at processing time and accuracy and shows error rate under 5 percent.
High temperature resistant packaging for SiC power devices using interconnections formed by Ni micro-electro-plating and Ni nano-particles

Ni Micro-Plating and Ni nano-particle bonding were applied for high temperature resistant chip interconnections of power device packaging. During the evaluation of the reliability of interconnections annealed at up to 300°C, we observed no significant changes in mechanical or electrical properties. Die attach connection was carried out by sintering Ni nano-particles at a low temperature below 300°C. It was also revealed in a bonding experiment using a SiC chip with a deposited Al layer that direct bonding to an Al electrode was possible by using Ni nano-particles. A stress-relaxation structure using a metal film was presented as a new structure for resolving the problem of deteriorating bonding reliability due to thermal stress arising from differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the chip and the substrate. A SiC device was assembled using the new bonding methods and an operating test was performed to verify normal operation in a high-temperature environment of approximately 300°C and higher.
On pose recovery for generalized visual sensors

With the advances in imaging technologies for robot or machine vision, new imaging devices are being developed for robot navigation or image-based rendering. However, to satisfy some design criterion, such as image resolution or viewing ranges, these devices are not necessarily being designed to follow the perspective rule and, thus, the imaging rays may not pass through a common point. Such generalized imaging devices may not be perspective and, therefore, their poses cannot be estimated with traditional techniques. In this paper, we propose a systematic method for pose estimation of such a generalized imaging device. We formulate it as a nonperspective n point (NPnP) problem. The case with exact solutions, n = 3, is investigated comprehensively. Approximate solutions can be found for n > 3 in a least-squared-error manner by combining an initial-pose-estimation procedure and an orthogonally iterative procedure. This proposed method can be applied not only to nonperspective imaging devices but also perspective ones. Results from experiments show that our approach can solve the NPnP problem accurately.
Cost-effective payments for reducing emissions from deforestation under uncertainty

The paper analyses the implications of landowners’ option values in land allocation and derives policy recommendations for payments for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). Given that REDD will not represent a permanent change in the cumulative flux of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, payment scheme design is motivated by the need to secure forest carbon sinks over time (the ‘permanence criterion’) while remaining relatively cost-effective. Alternative payment schemes, combining fixed and variable components, are considered in a framework with two competing land uses, forest and agriculture. Cost-effectiveness depends on the dependency structure between the returns from the indexed component of the payment and the returns from the alternative land use, the relative volatility level of the underlying returns, and the relative combination of fixed and variable payments. After developing the general model, it is is applied to REDD policy scenarios in Parana State, Brazil.
Acropora digitifera Encodes the Largest Known Family of Fluorescent Proteins that Has Persisted during the Evolution of Acropora Species

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are well known and broadly used as bio-imaging markers in molecular biology research. Many FP genes were cloned from anthozoan species and it was suggested that multi-copies of these genes are present in their genomes. However, the full complement of FP genes in any single coral species remained unidentified. In this study, we analyzed the FP genes in two stony coral species. FP cDNA sequences from Acropora digitifera and Acropora tenuis revealed the presence of a multi-gene family with an unexpectedly large number of genes, separated into short-/middle-wavelength emission (S/MWE), middle-/long-wavelength emission (M/LWE), and chromoprotein (CP) clades. FP gene copy numbers in the genomes of four A. digitifera colonies were estimated as 16–22 in the S/MWE, 3–6 in the M/LWE, and 8–12 in the CP clades, and, in total, 35, 31, 33, and 33 FP gene copies per individual shown by quantitative PCR. To the best of our knowledge, these are the largest sets of FP genes per genome. The fluorescent light produced by recombinant protein products encoded by the newly isolated genes explained the fluorescent range of live A. digitifera, suggesting that the high copy multi-FP gene family generates coral fluorescence. The functionally diverse multi-FP gene family must have existed in the ancestor of Acropora species, as suggested by molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. The persistence of a diverse function and high copy number multi-FP gene family may indicate the biological importance of diverse fluorescence emission and light absorption in Acropora species.
The proof theory and semantics of intuitionistic modal logic

Possible world semantics underlies many of the applications of modal logic in computer science and philosophy. The standard theory arises from interpreting the semantic definitions in the ordinary meta-theory of informal classical mathematics. If, however, the same semantic definitions are interpreted in an intuitionistic meta-theory then the induced modal logics no longer satisfy certain intuitionistically invalid principles. This thesis investigates the intuitionistic modal logics that arise in this way. Natural deduction systems for various intuitionistic modal logics are presented. From one point of view, these systems are self-justifying in that a possible world interpretation of the modalities can be read off directly from the inference rules. A technical justification is given by the faithfulness of translations into intuitionistic first-order logic. It is also established that, in many cases, the natural deduction systems induce well-known intuitionistic modal logics, previously given by Hilbert-style axiomatizations. The main benefit of the natural deduction systems over axiomatizations is their susceptibility to proof-theoretic techniques. Strong normalization (and confluence) results are proved for all of the systems. Normalization is then used to establish the completeness of cut-free sequent calculi for all of the systems, and decidability for some of the systems. Lastly, techniques developed throughout the thesis are used to establish that those intuitionistic modal logics proved decidable also satisfy the finite model property. For the logics considered, decidability and the finite model property presented open problems.
Influence of sheet roughness on the sensitivity of piezoelectric force sensors

Piezoelectric force sensors are widely used in precision measurement and machining applications. Sensitivity is one of the significant parameters determining the precision of these sensors. The influence of factors, such as the piezoelectric coefficient, sensor structure, and temperature on sensitivity had previously been studied except the roughness of sheets. For design optimization, the effect of roughness on the sensitivity of piezoelectric force sensors was investigated. A sensitivity model was built based on the electromechanical relationships and measurement systems. Fractal theory and classic statistics model were used to define the roughness of the sheets. The stiffness effect and thickness effect were used to probe the relationship, and two types of experiments with sheets of different roughness were performed to verify the models. The results indicated that the roughness of the sheets affected the sensitivity of the piezoelectric dynamometers due to the stiffness effect and thickness effect. In terms of the thickness effect, rough sheets induced high sensitivity; however, in terms of the stiffness effect, as the roughness decreases, the sensitivity first improved and then decreased. A method was proposed to optimize the roughness of the sheets to improve the sensor performance.
When Flowers Smell Fermented: The Chemistry and Ontogeny of Yeasty Floral Scent in Pawpaw (Asimina triloba: Annonaceae)

Floral scent plays important roles in basal angiosperms such as the pantropical woody family Annonaceae. The North American genus Asimina (Adans.) (Annonaceae) includes eight species of shrubs and small trees, of which Asimina triloba has the broadest and northernmost distribution. We characterized the yeastlike fragrance of these flowers using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in natural populations in South Carolina. The odors of A. triloba and baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shared ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and other compounds but differed in relative amounts of 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐OH‐2‐butanone, and butane‐2,3‐diol. Immature green flowers of A. triloba produced sesquiterpenes common to the foliage of many plants. In contrast, sexually mature flowers emitted fermentation volatiles, with additional nitrogenous compounds (androgynoecium) and butanediols (outer corolla) emitted by male flowers. Some compounds were detected only when scent was sampled from at least 10 flowers. Chemical composition was more complex during day than night for immature and female flowers but not for males. Emission rates were fourfold greater in male than female flowers during the day but were comparable at night, perhaps because of overlapping gender expression. The yeasty odor of A. triloba is unusual in angiosperms and may serve to attract novel fly and beetle pollinators.
Impacts of principal stress rotation on the nonlinearity of strain-hardening cementitious composites with fibers

An experimental program was conducted to investigate the effects of simultaneous opening-sliding of multiple cracks on the behaviour of strain-hardening cementitious composite plates. Newly proposed testing method was developed to reproduce possible rotating principal axis during the material strain-hardening. The experimental results showed the change in principal stress direction has a substantial impact on the macroscopic plate behaviours including multi-directional cracking pattern, and reductions in strength, ductility, and initial stiffness. A space-averaged constitutive model for this type of material was developed and further incorporated into FE analysis program. The model simulated reasonably various responses observed in the experiment and demonstrated the reductions observed were attributed to the lack of shear transfer across the multiple cracks. Further analyses of shear-critical R/SHCC panels and beams were carried out and confirmed the applicability of the model to simulate the behaviours at structural levels. Finally, this paper briefly presents our recent attempt to improve the structural performance with robust SHCC material under stress field rotation.
Multi-state modelling reveals sex-dependent transmission, progression and severity of tuberculosis in wild badgers

SUMMARY Statistical models of epidemiology in wildlife populations usually consider diseased individuals as a single class, despite knowledge that infections progress through states of severity. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious zoonotic disease threatening the UK livestock industry, but we have limited understanding of key epidemiological processes in its wildlife reservoirs. We estimated differential survival, force of infection and progression in disease states in a population of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), naturally infected with bTB. Our state-dependent models overturn prevailing categorizations of badger disease states, and find novel evidence for early onset of disease-induced mortality in male but not female badgers. Males also have higher risk of infection and more rapid disease progression which, coupled with state-dependent increases in mortality, could promote sex biases in the risk of transmission to cattle. Our results reveal hidden complexities in wildlife disease epidemiology, with implications for the management of TB and other zoonotic diseases.
Imaging of polarization properties of the human cornea with phase-resolved polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was used to measure and image retardation and birefringent axis orientation of in vitro human cornea. We used a two-channel PS-OCT system employing a phse sensitive recording of the interferometric signals in two orthogonal polarization channels. Using an algorithm based on a Hilbert transform, it is possible to calculate the retardation and the slow axis orientation of the sample with only one A-scan per transversal measurement location. While the retardation information is encoded in the amplitude ratio of the two interferometric signals, the axis orientation is encoded entirely in their phase difference. We present maps of retardation and slow axis distribution of normal and pathologic human cornea in longitudinal cross sections and en face images, obtained at the back sruface of the cornea. The results can be explained by a birefringence model based on stacked collagen fibril lamellae of different orientations.
No correlation between number of MRI‐evident lesions in cerebrum and the soleus stretch reflex in multiple sclerosis patients

The aim of the study was to investigate if the stretch reflex of the soleus muscle was useful in quantifying upper motor neuron lesions. The soleus stretch reflex was recorded in 10 healthy subjects and 20 patients with active relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and correlated to the number of MRI lesions in cerebrum and clinical scores (expanded disability status scale and regional functional scoring system). The short latency stretch reflex was elicited by rotating the left ankle joint 4° with a rise time in the interval of 40–640 ms. The amplitude of the stretch was larger in multiple sclerosis patients being 88.5 μV in patients and 12.8 μV in controls, P = 0.007. The sensitivity of the stretch reflex expressed as the slope of the best linear fit was increased in MS patients to 2.6 μVs/degree compared with 0.6 μVs/degree (0.1–2.2) in controls, P = 0.009. There was no correlation between amplitude of the stretch reflex and number of MRI lesions (r = −0.03). In conclusion, the soleus stretch reflex might be useful to quantify spasticity but is not useful in detecting dysfunction of upper motor neurons in MS.
Volume of Tubes and Distribution of the Maxima of Gaussian Random Fields

1.1. Gaussian random fields on manifolds. Let X(p), p ∈ M , be a realvalued random field on an orientable manifold M . In this article, we consider a Gaussian random field with a smooth sample path and one-dimensional standard normal marginals (i.e., X(p) ∼ N(0, 1) for each p ∈ M). Let r(p, q) = Cov(X(p), X(q)) denote the covariance function. If r(p, q) is sufficiently smooth in a neighborhood of p = q for each p, then the sample path is smooth with probability one and we can differentiate X(p) to obtain Gaussian random fields ∇X, ∇X. We do not consider nonsmooth fields, such as Brownian motions or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. Let t = (t), s = (s) denote local coordinate systems around p and q, respectively, and let Xi(p) = ∂X(p)/∂t. A metric
Effect of laser processing parameters on mechanical properties of porous tantalum fabricated by laser multi-layer micro-cladding

Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM), a method used in the nuclear, space and racing industries, allows the creation of customized titanium alloy scaffolds with highly defined external shape and internal structure using rapid prototyping as supporting external structures within which bone tissue can grow. AM allows porous tantalum parts with mechanical properties close to that of bone tissue to be obtained. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, porous tantalum structures with different scan distance were fabricated by AM using laser multi-layer micro-cladding. Findings Porous tantalum samples were tested for resistance to compressive force and used scanning electron microscope to reveal the morphology of before and after compressive tests. Their structure and mechanical properties of these porous Ta structures with porosity in the range of 35.48 to 50 per cent were investigated. The porous tantalum structures have comparable compressive strength 56 ∼ 480 MPa, and elastic modulus 2.8 ∼ 9.0GPa, which is very close to those of human spongy bone and compact bone. Research limitations/implications This paper does not demonstrate the implant results. Practical implications It can be used as implant material for the repair bone. Social implications It can be used for fabrication of other porous materials. Originality/value This paper system researched the scan distance on how to influence the mechanical properties of fabricated porous tantalum structures.
Automatic learning of finite state automata for pronunciation modeling

The great variability of word pronunciations in sponta-neous speech is one of the reasons for the low performance of the present speech recognition systems. The generation of dictionaries that take into account this variability can increase the robustness of such systems. A word pronunciation is a possible phone sequence that can appear in a real utterance, and represents a possible acoustic realization of the word. In this paper, word pronunciations are modeled using ﬁnite state automata. The use of such models allow for the application of grammatical inference methods and an easy integration with the others sources of acknowledge. The training samples are obtained from the alignment be-tween the phone decodiﬁcation of each training utterance and the corresponding canonical transcription. Models proposed in this work were applied in a translation-oriented speech task. The improvements achieved by these new models were in the range betwen 2.7 to 0.6 points depending on the language model used.
Verification of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis . J . MGIT 960 System Provides Rapid and Reliable Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube ( MGIT ) and the 2003 . Susceptibility Testing with the Manual

Clin. Microbiol. 41(3):1235-1239. Verification of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. J. MGIT 960 System Provides Rapid and Reliable Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and the 2003. Susceptibility Testing with the Manual Kati Ådjers-Koskela and Marja-Leena Katila Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Reliable Verification of 960 System Provides Rapid and Indicator Tube (MGIT) and the MGIT Manual Mycobacteria Growth Susceptibility Testing with the
Document Classification by Inversion of Distributed Language Representations

There have been many recent advances in the structure and measurement of distributed language models: those that map from words to a vector-space that is rich in information about word choice and composition. This vector-space is the distributed language representation. The goal of this note is to point out that any distributed representation can be turned into a classifier through inversion via Bayes rule. The approach is simple and modular, in that it will work with any language representation whose training can be formulated as optimizing a probability model. In our application to 2 million sentences from Yelp reviews, we also find that it performs as well as or better than complex purpose-built algorithms.