Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MODIFIED RAYLEIGH CONJECTURE METHOD FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL OBSTACLE SCATTERING PROBLEMS

ABSTRACT The Rayleigh conjecture on the representation of the scattered field in the exterior of an obstacle D is widely used in applications. However, this conjecture is false for some obstacles. A.G. R. introduced the modified Rayleigh conjecture (MRC), and in this paper we present successful numerical algorithms based on the MRC for various 2D and 3D obstacle scattering problems. The 3D obstacles include a cube and an ellipsoid. The MRC method is easy to implement for both simple and complex geometries. It is shown to be a viable alternative for other obstacle scattering methods.
Target Detection for Polarized Hyperspectral Images Based on Tensor Decomposition

In the past decades, with the development of polarized hyperspectral imaging system, target detection and recognition for polarized hyperspectral images (PHSIs) have attracted more and more attention. Most conventional target detection algorithms of PHSI are based on the Stokes vector, which mainly take advantage of the spectral information, and ignore the continuous variability of polarized dimension, being similar to spectrum. In fact, the PHSI include multidimensional features of polarization, spectrum, space, and radiation, and these provide more discriminable information about target and background than traditional spectrum or intensity ones. Hence, tensor, which can keep the complete information of PHSI, is introduced to represent such high-dimensional data. In this letter, the tensor canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition is adopted to extract the spectral and polarized features. There are two ways to realize the target detection through CP decomposition. One is to construct a fourth-order tensor matched filtering (FTMF), and FTMF is applied to the original data directly without extracting the Stokes vector. The other is to reconstruct the PHSI into a new 3-D data, then matched filter algorithm of hyperspectral image is applied to this data to detect the targets, for short CPMF. The experimental results show that the proposed methods achieve the joint utilization of spectrum and polarization and are more suitable and effective for the target detection of the PHSI.
HDC: A Higher-Order Language for Divide-and-Conquer

We propose the higher-order functional style for the parallel programming of algorithms. The functional language , a subset of the language Haskell, facilitates the clean integration of skeletons into a functional program. Skeletons are predefined programming schemata with an efficient parallel implementation. We report on our compiler, which translates programs into C+MPI, especially on the design decisions we made. Two small examples, the n queens problem and Karatsuba's polynomial multiplication, are presented to demonstrate the programming comfort and the speedup one can obtain.
Phylogeographic structure of Primula obconica (Primulaceae) inferred from chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) markers

Primula obconica has been cultivated widely as a popular garden plant. In order to discover the pattern of genetic diversity and the evolutionary process, a total of 278 individuals from 17 populations throughout its distribution in China were analyzed using chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) markers. Four loci and a total of 14 haplotypes were identified by our data set. The total gene diversity (HT =0.971) is high, while gene diversity within populations (HS=0.028) is low. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) shows that about 98% variation is among populations. The results suggest that past fragmentation and limited dispersal ability of seeds might play important roles in forming the present genetic structure. A significantly higher value of Nst than that of Gst indicates that closely related haplotypes are often found in the same area, and we found two different groups in the minimum spanning tree (MST), which occupy different geographic regions. Furthermore, older haplotypes were detected in the two groups, respectively. Possible refugia are inferred in western Hubei Province and SW China during the glacial period.
Recognition Algorithm of Driving Fatigue Related Problems Based on EEG Signals

In order to quickly and accurately identify the fatigue related phenomena such as the continuous attention level of the driver after long-time driving and his reaction time to emergencies, the present study establishes a recognition algorithm for recognition of drivingfatigue related problems based on EEG signal index combining the improved particle swarm algorithm with support vector machine, and sets up a method for classifying driving fatigue degree. According to the fatigue classification method, two hours are served as critical points to delineate mild fatigue and severe fatigue. The recognition rate of driver's severe fatigue by the algorithm is higher than that of driver's mild fatigue. The driver's fatigue perception (7.35) in the second phase is much greater than that of the first phase (2.11), and the average reaction time (640 ms) and speed deviation (3.8 km / h) of the second phase are also much greater than that of the first phase (510 ms) and (1.4 km / h), indicating that the driver experiences obvious fatigue after driving for two consecutive hours, and his ability to deal with emergencies and to control vehicle during severe fatigue decrease.
Ecology of larval mosquitoes, with special reference to Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culcidae) in market-garden wells in urban Dakar, Senegal.

The urban area of Dakar, Senegal, contains > 5,000 market-garden wells that provide permanent sites for mosquito larvae, in particular Anopheles arabiensis Patton, the major vector of malaria. A study of the bioecology of mosquito larvae was conducted over 1 yr with a monthly visit to 48 of these wells. Overall, 9,589 larvae were collected of which 80.1% were Culicinae and 11.9% Anophelinae. Larvae from stages III and IV (n = 853) were identified to 10 species. An. arabiensis represented 86% of the anophelines collected and An. ziemanni Grunberg 14%. The most common Culicinae species included Aedeomyia africana Neveu-Lemaire, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Mimomyia splendens Theobald. Maximum anopheline abundance was observed at the end of the dry season in June, whereas maximum Culicinae abundance was observed at the end of the rainy season in September. Most wells (67%) did not harbor any An. arabiensis larvae and in the remaining 33% the larval abundance was low, averaging 0.54 larvae in stages III-IV per tray sample. To identify factors that determine the abundance of larvae in these wells, a co-inertia (multivariate) analysis was carried out to account for physicochemical variables (depth, turbidity, temperature, pH, conductivity, Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, CO3--, and NO3- concentrations) and biological variables (abundance of mosquito species, predators [e.g., fish, Dytiscidae, Notonectidae, odonates], molluscs [Bulinus and Biomphalaria], and surface plants [water lettuce, Lemna, and filamentous algae]). The co-inertia analysis indicated that the abundance of An. arabiensis was associated with Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. decens for the physiochemical data but was not associated with other mosquito species for floro-faunistic data. The conditions associated with abundant An. arabiensis were warm temperature (28-30 degrees C), clear and not too deep water (< 0.5 m), elevated concentrations of HCO3- and CO3--, low concentrations of NO3- and NaCl, low populations of larvivorous fish and invertebrate predators (notably odonates), the presence of water lettuce, and an absence of Lemna. These results indicate that many contributing factors influence the ecology of the immature stages of An. arabiensis.
Understanding the shape of Java software

Large amounts of Java software have been written since the language's escape into unsuspecting software ecology more than ten years ago. Surprisingly little is known about the structure of Java programs in the wild: about the way methods are grouped into classes and then into packages, the way packages relate to each other, or the way inheritance and composition are used to put these programs together. We present the results of the first in-depth study of the structure of Java programs. We have collected a number of Java programs and measured their key structural attributes. We have found evidence that some relationships follow power-laws, while others do not. We have also observed variations that seem related to some characteristic of the application itself. This study provides important information for researchers who can investigate how and why the structural relationships we find may have originated, what they portend, and how they can be managed.
Disk Properties and Density Structure of the Star-forming Dense Core B335

We present subarcsecond-resolution dust continuum observations of the protostellar collapse candidate B335 made with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer at wavelengths of 1.2 and 3.0 mm. These observations probe to less than 100 AU size scales and reveal a compact source component that we identify with a circumstellar disk. We analyze these data in concert with previous lower resolution interferometer observations and find a best-fit density structure for B335 that consists of a power-law envelope with index p = 1.55 ± 0.04 (r ≲ 5000 AU) together with a disk (r < 100 AU) of flux F1.2 mm = 21 ± 2 mJy. We estimate a systematic uncertainty in the power-law index δp ≲ 0.15, where the largest error comes from the assumed form of the dust temperature falloff with radius. This determination of the inner density structure of B335 has a precision unique among protostellar cores, and it is consistent with the r-1.5 profile of gravitational free fall, in accord with basic expectations for the formation of a star. The flux (and implied mass) of the compact component in B335 is typical of the disks around T Tauri stars.
Fast polygonal Approximation of Height Fields and Application to Interactive Visualization and Watershed Segmentation

Height fields constitute an important modeling and visualization tool in many applications, and their exploration requires their display at interactive frame rates. However, it is hard to achieve even with high performance graphics computers due to their inherent geometric complexity. Thus, a fast polygonal approximation method is introduced in this work. It takes an image as input, typically a rectangular grid of elevation data z = H(x, y), and approximates it with a mesh of triangles, also known as a triangulated irregular network, or TIN. In particular, greedy insertion algorithm is the most widely used refinement method to approximate height fields. We use greedy insertion algorithm with three importance measures: local error, global error and curvature. Thereby, the input point(s) with highest error(s) or highest curvature in the current approximation is(are) inserted as a vertex(vertices) in the triangulation to achieve any desired level of detail. All the meshes are constructed from the vertices using Delaunay triangulation. The second part of the dissertation is about the study of a new method for the watershed segmentation. First, we present a review of the classical watershed transform definition and the existing watershed segmentation algorithms. Then, we propose a novel watershed algorithm based on the topological properties of the TIN associated with the input images. Since initial markers play a tremendous role in flooding simulation of watershed segmentation, the topological features, such as critical points, can be used to extract meaningful markers. The idea allows us to extract critical points (pits and peaks) as initial markers, and classify them into two categories: set of minimum markers and set of maximum markers.
Unconditional conservatism in Brazilian public companies and tax neutrality

A Lei no 11.638/2007 (Brasil, 2007) legitimou o processo de adocao das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) no Brasil e introduziu um regime contabil desvinculado da finalidade tributaria no pais. Dentre os objetivos da referida lei estao a reducao da influencia da legislacao fiscal nas normas contabeis e a melhora na qualidade do reporte financeiro, uma vez que as IFRS sao consideradas normas de qualidade superior. A literatura internacional apresenta evidencias de reducao no poder informativo dos lucros em ambientes nos quais normas contabeis e tributarias estao fortemente vinculadas. Ademais, a influencia da legislacao fiscal sobre a contabilidade financeira e apontada como incentivo ao conservadorismo incondicional, vies que nao apresenta vantagens a eficiencia dos mercados financeiros. Assim, infere-se que a neutralidade tributaria pode proporcionar um ambiente institucional mais favoravel ao reporte financeiro de qualidade ao desvincular a contabilidade societaria da contabilidade fiscal. Diante do exposto, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de verificar se o advento da neutralidade tributaria influencia o conservadorismo incondicional nas companhias abertas brasileiras. A metodologia utilizada envolve regressoes para dados em painel. A amostra e composta por companhias nao financeiras de capital aberto com informacoes divulgadas na Economatica® no periodo de 2002 a 2014. Os resultados evidenciam diferencas na relacao entre tributacao e reporte financeiro entre firmas sujeitas a diferentes graus de monitoramento no mercado acionario brasileiro. Sao encontrados indicios de conservadorismo incondicional em empresas sujeitas a maior monitoramento de mercado, apenas. Neste grupo, observa-se que a tributacao nao induz o conservadorismo incondicional nos lucros divulgados, o que e esperado em um contexto de neutralidade tributaria.
Phonetic convergence and language talent within native-nonnative interactions

The notion of phonetic convergence covers all adaptations in articulatory and acoustic features towards those of a communicative partner, or in other terms an increase in segmental and suprasegmental similarity between them (Pardo 2006). Up until now most of the experiments on convergence were designed for monolingual dyads, with very few investigations of convergence in native-nonnative interactions in a foreign language learning environment. We tried to analyze the convergent behavior of nonnative speakers of English in dialog with native speakers and the persistence of the effect in relation to their rated phonetic talent. In this paper we present first results for a global measurement of convergence the comparison of amplitude envelope signals.
Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion

We present a novel multi-scale representation and acquisition method for the animation of high-resolution facial geometry and wrinkles. We first acquire a static scan of the face including reflectance data at the highest possible quality. We then augment a traditional marker-based facial motion-capture system by two synchronized video cameras to track expression wrinkles. The resulting model consists of high-resolution geometry, motion-capture data, and expression wrinkles in 2D parametric form. This combination represents the facial shape and its salient features at multiple scales. During motion synthesis the motion-capture data deforms the high-resolution geometry using a linear shell-based mesh-deformation method. The wrinkle geometry is added to the facial base mesh using nonlinear energy optimization. We present the results of our approach for performance replay as well as for wrinkle editing.
Band-Reweighed Gabor Kernel Embedding for Face Image Representation and Recognition

Face recognition with illumination or pose variation is a challenging problem in image processing and pattern recognition. A novel algorithm using band-reweighed Gabor kernel embedding to deal with the problem is proposed in this paper. For a given image, it is first transformed by a group of Gabor filters, which output Gabor features using different orientation and scale parameters. Fisher scoring function is used to measure the importance of features in each band, and then, the features with the largest scores are preserved for saving memory requirements. The reduced bands are combined by a vector, which is determined by a weighted kernel discriminant criterion and solved by a constrained quadratic programming method, and then, the weighted sum of these nonlinear bands is defined as the similarity between two images. Compared with existing concatenation-based Gabor feature representation and the uniformly weighted similarity calculation approaches, our method provides a new way to use Gabor features for face recognition and presents a reasonable interpretation for highlighting discriminant orientations and scales. The minimum Mahalanobis distance considering the spatial correlations within the data is exploited for feature matching, and the graphical lasso is used therein for directly estimating the sparse inverse covariance matrix. Experiments using benchmark databases show that our new algorithm improves the recognition results and obtains competitive performance.
The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure.

This paper reviews the literature on the Nl wave of the human auditory evoked potential. It concludes that at least six different cerebral processes can contribute to (he negative wave recorded from the scalp with a peak latency between 50 and 150 ms: a component generated in the auditory-cortex on the supratemporal plane, a component generated in the association cortex on the lateral aspect of the temporal and parietal cortex, a component generated in the motor and premotor cortices, the mismatch negativity, a temporal component of the processing negativity, and a frontal component of the processing negativity, The first three, which can be considered ‘true’ N1 components, are controlled by the physical and temporal aspects of the stimulus and by the general state of the subject. The other three components are not necessarily elicited by a stimulus but depend on the conditions in which the stimulus occurs. They often last much longer than the true N1 components that they overlap.
Evaluation of Lane Reduction “ Road Diet ” Measures and Their Effects on Crashes and Injuries

Road diets can offer potential benefits to both vehicles and pedestrians. On a four-lane street, drivers change lanes to pass slower vehicles (such as vehicles stopped in the left lane waiting to make a left turn). In contrast, drivers’ speeds on two-lane streets are limited by the speed of the lead vehicle. Thus, road diets may reduce vehicle speeds and vehicle interactions during lane changes, which potentially could reduce the number and severity of vehicle-to-vehicle crashes. Pedestrians may benefit because they have fewer lanes of traffic to cross, and because motor vehicles are likely to be moving more slowly. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) report Safety Effects of Marked vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations found that pedestrian crash risk was reduced when pedestrians crossed twoand three-lane roads, compared to roads with four or more lanes.
Crystal structure of 4-(6-chloro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-2-methylamino-3-nitro-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5-one chloroform monosolvate

In the title compound, C23H14Cl4N2O7, the pyran ring has an envelope conformation with the methine C atom as the flap. The chromene rings are almost planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.027 and 0.018 Å) and their mean planes are inclined to one another by 85.61 (10)°. The mean planes of the pyran ring and the chromene ring fused to it are inclined to one another by 7.41 (13)°. The molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 2(12) ring motif. The dimers are linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, enclosing R 2 2(18) ring motifs, forming chains along [010]. Within the chains there are C—H⋯π interactions. The chains are linked via slipped parallel π–π interactions, forming a three-dimensional structure [the shortest inter-centroid distance is 3.7229 (19) Å].
Bilateral Teleoperation for Force Sensorless 1-DOF Robots

It is well known that for bilateral teleoperation, force feedback information is needed. In this paper, we propose a control approach for bilateral teleoperation with uncertainties in the model of the slave robot and which does not use force sensors for haptic feedback. The controller design is based on a cyclic switching algorithm. In the first phase of the cyclic algorithm, we estimate the environmental force and in the second phase a tracking controller ensures that the position of the slave robot is tracking the position of the master robot. A stability analysis of the overall closed-loop system is presented and the approach is illustrated by means of an example.
Combined Segmentation and Visual Attention for Object Categorization and Video Semantic Concepts Detection

Recent researches show that the benefits of image segmentation have been exploited in object categorization and recognition approaches. In most of these works, objects are segmented from the background around to increase recognition accuracy. However, it is generally hard to find a segmentation that captures all correct object boundaries in images of real world scene. So some researches begin to choose several segmentations for representing the objects and performing object categorization. In this paper, we take advantage of an efficient graph-based algorithm for image segmentation, and combine a visual attention model to locate the salient and effective segmentations in a real world image. We propose a model which extends the bag-of-features method for modeling the semantic objects. We evaluate our approach on two experiments: multiclass categorization in Caltech 101 datasets and high-level features extraction in video datasets of TRECVID2007. The results show that combining segmentation and visual attention makes our model achieve competitive performance.
4 Properties of SenseNet Dataset

The majority of artificial intelligence research, as it relates from which to biological senses has been focused on vision. The recent explosion of machine learning and in particular, deep learning, can be partially attributed to the release of high quality data sets for algorithms from which to model the world on. Thus, most of these datasets are comprised of images. We believe that focusing on sensorimotor systems and tactile feedback will create algorithms that better mimic human intelligence. Here we present SenseNet: a collection of tactile simulators and a large scale dataset of 3D objects for manipulation. SenseNet was created for the purpose of researching and training Artificial Intelligences (AIs) to interact with the environment via sensorimotor neural systems and tactile feedback. We aim to accelerate that same explosion in image processing, but for the domain of tactile feedback and sensorimotor research. We hope that SenseNet can offer researchers in both the machine learning and computational neuroscience communities brand new opportunities and avenues to explore.
Role of Mixed Lineage Kinase Inhibition in Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is often delayed and involves both apoptotic and immunoregulatory mechanisms. In this study, we used a neonatal model of hypoxia-ischemia to examine the effect of the mixed lineage kinase (MLK) inhibitor CEP-1347 on brain damage, apoptosis and inflammation. The tissue volume loss was reduced by 28% (p = 0.019) in CEP-1347-treated versus vehicle-treated rats and CEP-1347 significantly attenuated microgliosis at 7 days (p = 0.038). CEP-1347 decreased TUNEL-positive staining as well as cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactivity. CEP-1347 did not affect the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1, nor did it affect the expression of OX-42 (CR3) and OX-18 (MHC I) 24 h after the insult. In conclusion, the MLK inhibitor CEP-1347 has protective effects in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia, which is mainly related to reduced apoptosis.