Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summertime Taklimakan dust structure

Vertical dust structures and meteorological conditions over the Taklimakan Desert during the summertime periods (July–September) in 2006 and 2007 were investigated using satellite data including the CALIPSO lidar (CALIOP) measurements and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. Summertime convective velocity simulated by WRF was greater than 3 m/s, and the convective time scale was about 1000 s (ca. 15 min). We examined 42 CALIPSO paths (24 daytime and 18 nighttime paths) of data acquired under convective dusty conditions. The dust layer thickness derived from the CALIOP measurements reaches 3000–4000 m, which is approximately equal to the Tarim Basin depth. This thickness shows a good correlation with the WRF simulated depth of the convective boundary layer (BL). The dust remains suspended during both daytime and nighttime; the CALIOP average dust extinction coefficients in the BL are respectively 0.151 ± 0.102 km−1 and 0.128 ± 0.079 km−1 for daytime and nighttime. Finally, we estimated the dust amount transported from the BL to the free atmosphere. Typically, 10–20 Gg/day of dust (assuming area of 600 km × 300 km as a main part of the Taklimakan Desert) is transported from the Taklimakan Desert by vertical mixing. The daily horizontal dust flux above the BL was estimated to be 40–50 Gg/day over the Taklimakan Desert.
Firm Real-Time Processing in an Integrated Real-Time System

We explore the integration of firm real-time processing— where processing completed after its deadline has no value but some jobs may be terminated or skipped—into an integrated real-time system managing hard, soft, and non-realtime processes. We show that it is feasible to add firm realtime processing to an integrated environment and that concurrently executing soft real-time processes can benefit from the slack made available from dropped firm real-time jobs. We examine how dropping jobs of firm real-time tasks using different static and dynamic drop patterns reduces deadline misses of soft real-time tasks. Our results show that even a simple static drop pattern results in noticeable performance gain for other soft real-time processes and we argue that our dynamic approach, once implemented, will produce even better results.
Functional Loss of the Reduced Folate Carrier Enhances the Antitumor Activities of Novel Antifolates with Selective Uptake by the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter

Uptake of 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolates with four or three bridge carbons [compound 1 (C1) and compound 2 (C2), respectively] into solid tumors by the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy that harnesses the acidic tumor microenvironment. Although these compounds are not substrates for the reduced folate carrier (RFC), the major facilitative folate transporter, RFC expression may alter drug efficacies by affecting cellular tetrahydrofolate (THF) cofactor pools that can compete for polyglutamylation and/or binding to intracellular enzyme targets. Human tumor cells including wild-type (WT) and R5 (RFC-null) HeLa cells express high levels of PCFT protein. C1 and C2 inhibited proliferation of R5 cells 3 to 4 times more potently than WT cells or R5 cells transfected with RFC. Transport of C1 and C2 was virtually identical between WT and R5 cells, establishing that differences in drug sensitivities between sublines were independent of PCFT transport. Steady-state intracellular [3H]THF cofactors derived from [3H]5-formyl-THF were depleted in R5 cells compared with those in WT cells, an effect exacerbated by C1 and C2. Whereas C1 and C2 polyglutamates accumulated to similar levels in WT and R5 cells, there were differences in polyglutamyl distributions in favor of the longest chain length forms. In severe combined immunodeficient mice, the antitumor efficacies of C1 and C2 were greater toward subcutaneous R5 tumors than toward WT tumors, confirming the collateral drug sensitivities observed in vitro. Thus, solid tumor-targeted antifolates with PCFT-selective cellular uptake should have enhanced activities toward tumors lacking RFC function, reflecting contraction of THF cofactor pools.
Mobile augmented reality based 3D snapshots

We describe a mobile augmented reality application that is based on 3D snapshotting using multiple photographs. Optical square markers provide the anchor for reconstructed virtual objects in the scene. A novel approach based on pixel flow highly improves tracking performance. This dual tracking approach also allows for a new single-button user interface metaphor for moving virtual objects in the scene. The development of the AR viewer was accompanied by user studies confirming the chosen approach.
Bleeding and Ulcer Detection Using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images

Wireless capsule endoscopes (WCEs) have been used widely to detect abnormalities inside regions of the small intestine that are not accessible when using traditional endoscopy techniques. However, an experienced clinician must spend an average of 2 hours to view and analyze the approximately 60,000 images produced during one examination. Therefore, developing a computeraided system for processing WCE images is crucial. This paper proposes a novel method used for detecting bleeding and ulcers in WCE images. This approach involves using color features to determine the status of the small intestine. The experimental results revealed that the proposed scheme is promising in detecting bleeding and ulcer regions.
Caracterizaçao geométrica de um sistema fluvial, formaçao Itaquaquecetuba, terciário da Bacia de Sao Paulo

The objective of this study is the geometric characterization of a fluvial system, exemplified by the Itaquaquecetuba Formation. The studied area is a quarry located in Itaquaquecetuba, distant 35 km from the city of Sao Paulo, which is inserted in the context of Sao Paulo Basin. Fluvial systems are important hydrocarbon reservoirs, and this study may contribute with an analogue for ancient reservoirs. It was elaborated ten facies logs along a distance of 200 m (log spacing of 20 m), with a vertical column (thickness) of 40 m for each log. Eight facies cycles, and its lateral chrono-correlation allowed to map the potential reservoir and non-reservoir facies within each cycle. Regarding the depositional model for the studied section, it is assumed an alluvial fan system composed of meandering and ribbon-type fluvial channels
Biogeosciences Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities ( zooplankton , macroinvertebrates and fish )

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the water column is an environmental parameter that is crucial for the successful development of many pelagic organisms. Hypoxia tolerance and threshold values are speciesand stagespecific and can vary enormously. While some fish species may suffer from oxygen values of less than 3 mL O 2 L−1 through impacted growth, development and behaviour, other organisms such as euphausiids may survive DO levels as low as 0.1 mL O2 L−1. A change in the average or the range of DO may have significant impacts on the survival of certain species and hence on the species composition in the ecosystem with consequent changes in trophic pathways and productivity. Evidence for the deleterious effects of oxygen depletion on pelagic species is scarce, particularly in terms of the effect of low oxygen on development, recruitment and patterns of migration and distribution. While planktonic organisms have to cope with variable DOs and exploit adaptive mechanisms, nektonic species may avoid areas of unfavourable DO and develop adapted migration strategies. Planktonic organisms may only be able to escape vertically, above or beneath the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In shallow areas only the surface layer can serve as a refuge, but in deep waters many organisms have developed vertical migration strategies to use, pass through and cope with the OMZ. Correspondence to: W. Ekau (wekau@zmt-bremen.de) This paper elucidates the role of DO for different taxa in the pelagic realm and the consequences of low oxygen for foodweb structure and system productivity. We describe processes in two contrasting systems, the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea and the coastal upwelling system of the Benguela Current to demonstrate the consequences of increasing hypoxia on ecosystem functioning and services.
HICore1: “Safety on a chip” turnkey solution for industrial control

In this paper a complete safety controller on a single chip is presented. HICore 1 is a comprehensive solution that includes a certified application specific integrated circuit for safety-critical applications according to the safety standard IEC 61508, meeting the safety integrity level SIL3. It also meets the requirements of the standard EN 13849 Performance Level e. A SIL3 operating system and a SIL3 middleware complement the presented safety chip solution. Based on the presented solution, the smallest certified safety controller represents an innovative product and allows system manufacturers to create safe solutions ready for certification.
Observed and SST‐forced seasonal rainfall variability across tropical America

Three experiments starting from different initial conditions have been made with the ECHAM‐4 atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) integrated at T30 resolution forced with the observed sea‐surface temperature (SST) over the period 1960–1994. The tropical America modes of seasonal rainfall anomalies whose time variation is most accurately simulated by the GCM have been searched for using Singular Value Decomposition Analyses (SVDA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) between observed and model fields. The leading modes revealed by SVDA and CCA are highly similar, even though the ordering of the modes showed some fluctuation. A first skilful rainfall anomaly mode has weights of the same sign almost everywhere in tropical America, except along the western coast and the sub‐tropical margins. This mode appears in all of the four seasons assessed. A second major skilful mode is usually a bipolar north–south (N–S) rainfall anomaly pattern (clear in December–March, DJFM; March–May, MAM; and June–September, JJAS).
New pollen, sedimentary, and radiocarbon records from the Marquesas Islands, East Polynesia: Implications for archaeological and palaeoclimate studies

Three sediment cores, from one upland and two lowland sites on Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, provide a c. 750-year record of palaeo-environmental change on the island. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of pollen concentrates from the base of each core indicates that the three widely separated marshes developed c. AD 1200 and 1350, after the known period of human colonisation and establishment. Detailed analyses (pollen, sediments, and charcoal) and additional dating of the upland core from Tōvi’i Plateau (810 m) allow for identification of four chronozones. The core sediment data and age-depth curve suggest an alternation of wet-dry-wet conditions over the c. 750-year period. The pollen spectra, in contrast, are fairly stable, with ferns dominating but arborescent species also present. The micro-charcoal evidence points to regional burning and long-distance transport until c. AD 1640, after which localised burning may be indicated. Among the more notable changes is a major increase in pollen and spore deposition after c. AD 1640, a trend most evident in the pollen concentration diagram. Overall, the data suggest rapid sedimentation in the fourteenth century AD, followed by drier and/or more settled conditions until the mid-seventeenth century, and finally wetter conditions after c. AD 1640. The latter in particular is consistent with emerging regional evidence for warm-wet conditions in the central eastern Pacific during the seventeenth century, the height of the Northern Hemisphere ‘Little Ice Age’. The charcoal record also provides insights into human activities on the island, suggesting burning in the lowlands from the fourteenth century AD, probably in conjunction with forest clearance preparatory to tree and root crop cultivation.
Kinematic Evidence for an Old Stellar Halo in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The oldest and most metal-poor Milky Way stars form a kinematically hot halo, which motivates the two major formation scenarios for our galaxy: extended hierarchical accretion and rapid collapse. RR Lyrae stars are excellent tracers of old and metal-poor populations. We measured the kinematics of 43 RR Lyrae stars in the inner regions of the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) galaxy. The velocity dispersion equals 53 ± 10 kilometers per second, which indicates that a kinematically hot metal-poor old halo also exists in the LMC. This result suggests that our galaxy and smaller late-type galaxies such as the LMC have similar early formation histories.
Immediate Effects of a Single Inclined Treadmill Walking Session on Level Ground Walking in Individuals After Stroke

ABSTRACT Propulsion and paretic plantar flexor activity after stroke are deficient in walking. This study examined whether walking on an inclined treadmill increased muscle activity and whether it resulted in increased propulsion and muscle activity during level ground walking. Nine people with hemiparesis caused by stroke and nine healthy controls participated. The participants walked at treadmill inclines of 0, 2.5, and 5 degrees for 5 mins at each level, for a total walking period of 15 mins. Surface electromyograms were obtained from the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles. Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces and electromyograms were recorded during overground walking before, immediately after, and 20 mins after inclined treadmill walking. Plantar flexor activity was significantly greater at 2.5 and 5 degree incline compared with no incline bilaterally in healthy controls and in the nonparetic side of people with stroke (P < 0.025) but not in the paretic side (P > 0.245). Electromyograms in control and stroke groups and the propulsive force in controls during overground walking were not significantly different before and after inclined treadmill walking. Overground propulsive forces after inclined treadmill walking in the stroke group were marginally higher in the nonparetic side (P < 0.025) but were slightly lower in the paretic side (P < 0.025). Future tests should study the effect of higher inclines and faster treadmill speeds on paretic electromyogram activity.
Quaero at TRECVID 2012: Semantic Indexing

The Quaero group is a consortium of French and German organizations working on Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval. LIG, INRIA and KIT participated to the semantic indexing task and LIG participated to the organization of this task. This paper describes these participations. For the semantic indexing task, our approach uses a six-stages processing pipelines for computing scores for the likelihood of a video shot to contain a target concept. These scores are then used for producing a ranked list of images or shots that are the most likely to contain the target concept. The pipeline is composed of the following steps: descriptor extraction, descriptor optimization, classi cation, fusion of descriptor variants, higher-level fusion, and re-ranking. We used a number of di erent descriptors and a hierarchical fusion strategy. We also used conceptual feedback by adding a vector of classi cation score to the pool of descriptors. The best Quaero run has a Mean Inferred Average Precision of 0.2692, which ranked us 3rd out of 16 participants. We also organized the TRECVid SIN 2012 collaborative annotation.
Development of a bicistronic expression system in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna

The viral 2A peptides have recently been used for bicistronic expression in various organisms. In this system, a single mRNA that codes for two proteins flanking the 2A peptide can be translated simultaneously into each protein by ribosomal skipping at this peptide sequence. Here, we tested the function of the Thosea asigna insect virus 2A (T2A) peptide in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna—an emerging model of evolutionary developmental biology. First, we used transgenic Daphnia that expresses a potential bicistronic RNA containing mCherry and histone H2B‐ green fluorescent protein (GFP) open reading frames upstream and downstream of the T2A sequence, respectively. Microscopic observation revealed difference of localization of the two proteins in the cell, homogenous distribution of mCherry and nuclear localization of H2B‐GFP. Second, we changed localization of mCherry from cytoplasm to plasma membrane by attachment of a consensus myristoylation motif in the bicistronic reporter. RNA that codes for this new bicistronic reporter was injected into eggs. At gastrulation stage, we found spectrally distinct fluorescence with enough intensity and resolution to detect membrane localized mCherry and nuclear GFP. These results indicate that the T2A peptide functions in D. magna and T2A‐mediated bicistronic expression would be a promising tool for evo‐devo studies of this species.
Transforms for the disparity-compensated prediction residuals

Previous research indicates that motion-compensated prediction residuals can have 1-D (dimensional) structures in many regions and that 1-D directional transforms can compress such regions more efficiently than 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In this paper, 1-D transforms are also used for the compression of disparity-compensated prediction residuals based on analysis results, which indicate that disparity-compensated prediction residuals also have 1-D structures in many regions. To show the achievable compression efficiency gains from using these transforms, JMVC reference software is modified so that each residual block can be transformed either with a 1-D transform or 2-D DCT. Experimental results indicate that the overall compression efficiency increases.
Validation of CLAES ClONO2 measurements

The cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite has made extensive measurements of thermal infrared radiation from the Earth's limb from which vertical concentration profiles of several stratospheric gases and multiwavelength aerosol absorption coefficients have been retrieved for the period from January 9, 1992, to May 5, 1993. This work examines stratospheric ClONO2 concentrations from the current calibration and retrieval software which are designated version 7 data. These data provide the first near-global view of this stratospheric species. This work evaluates data quality through (1) an analysis of estimated uncertainties and biases in the remote sensing process, (2) comparison with calculations using a two-dimensional chemical model, (3) comparison with correlative data, and (4) an examination of various known limitations. The precision of CLAES ClONO2 volume mixing ratio retrievals are within 15% in the range (10 30 mbar). A similar effect associated with thick polar stratospheric clouds is identified. Overall, this validation study indicates that the majority of these data are of good quality and should be very useful in quantitative and qualitative chemical studies of the stratosphere.
Reduced aggression in AMPA‐type glutamate receptor GluR‐A subunit‐deficient mice

The importance of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors has been demonstrated in neuronal plasticity and in adaptation to drugs of abuse. We studied the involvement of AMPA receptors in social interaction and anxiety and found that in several paradigms of agonistic behavior naïve male mice deficient for the GluR‐A subunit‐ containing AMPA receptors are less aggressive than wild‐type littermates. GluR‐A deficient mice and wild‐type littermates exhibited similar basic behavior and reflexes as monitored by observational Irwin's test, but they tended to be less anxious in elevated plus‐maze and light‐dark tests. Maternal aggression or male‐female encounters were not affected which suggests that male hormones are involved in the expression of suppressed aggressiveness. However, testosterone levels and brain monoamines can be excluded and found to be similar between GluR‐A deficient and wild‐type littermates. The reduced AMPA receptor levels caused by the lack of the GluR‐A subunit, and measured by a 30% reduction in hippocampal [3H]‐S‐AMPA binding, seem to be the reason for suppressed male aggressiveness. When we analyzed mice with reduced number of functional AMPA receptors mediated by the genomic introduced GluR‐A(Q582R) channel mutation, we observed again male‐specific suppressed aggression, providing additional evidence for GluR‐A subunit‐containing AMPA receptor involvement in aggression.
DATA MINING TECHNIQUES FOR SEPARATION OF SUMMER CROP BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGES

Due to the difficulty in discriminating soybean and corn in mappings obtained by the time series of satellite images, this study aimed to apply the data mining techniques to separate soybean and corn. Pure pixels selection from Landsat-8 were extracted and used to build a standard spectro-temporal EVI profile for both crops. These profiles were obtained with the Timesat software and, further incorporated in the Weka software. Five out of eleven variables of the standard spectro-temporal EVI profile for each crop were found through the decision tree, a data mining technique. These five variables were sufficient to achieve the separation of soybean and corn crops with an accuracy of 96.3% and a kappa index of 0.92.
Reducing communication requirements for electric vehicle charging using vehicle-originating-signals

We propose a method for reducing the communication requirements for electric vehicle (EV) charging control based on Vehicle-Originating-Signals (VOS). The original VOS approach requires a message exchange between every EV and the aggregator for every time step. This can cause the load on communication systems to increase, especially as the number of EVs increases and the control intervals become more granular. We explore (i) the reduction of EV-originating messages, (ii) the reduction of aggregator-originating messages, and (iii) the challenges in combining both reduction methods. EVs reduce the number of messages by including possible future values in a single message. The aggregator reduces the number of messages by sending single broadcast signals. Combining both methods requires a retransmission protocol. For the evaluation, we compare the original and the improved VOS approaches on a load leveling scenario based on electricity demand, solar generation, and car mobility data from Munich, Germany. The results show that it is possible to reduce the overall message requirements with a minor effect on performance. With savings of over 70% in number of messages, these improvements contribute towards more network-friendly solutions for smart EV charging.