Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns in Korea: A New Approach

We propose a simple way to capture the multidimensionality of liquidity. Our analysis indicates that existing liquidity measures have considerable asset specific components, which justifies our new approach. Constructing a two-factor model with the market and liquidity factor proposed in this paper, we find that our two-factor model explains well the cross-section of stock returns in Korea from 1987 to 2010, describing the liquidity premium, size and value effects that the CAPM and Fama-French three-factor model fail to explain. Our results also show that the role of liquidity risk on expected stock returns is especially pronounced during the post-Asian financial crisis period.
Effects of Exclusivity Agreements on Supplier's Control Over Marketing Channels

Abstract This paper outlines an investigation aiming to increase knowledge of the effects of exclusivity agreements on marketing channels. We focus on one of the more relevant benefits of exclusivity for manufacturers mentioned in the marketing literature: control over resellers. We analyze the different ways these agreements could affect the manufacturer's control over the distribution channel and propose five hypotheses regarding the consequences of exclusive territories and exclusive dealing on the supplier's control. The empirical results provide strong support for the hypotheses regarding their effects on control through bargaining processes.
Attitudes of student midwives caring for women with perinatal mental health problems

Aims: This study aimed to explore the attitudes of student midwives near completion of their midwifery training, in the care of women with mental health problems in the East end of London. Method: In this exploratory study using qualitative methods, seven student midwives who were near completion of a BSc in midwifery were interviewed in small groups. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes were identified from the interviews: identification and assessment of women, asking women questions about perinatal health, using stereotypes in the care of women, caring for and responding to women with perinatal mental health problems. Conclusion: These findings are helpful in informing more conclusive research on midwives' training and practice in the care of women with perinatal mental health problems.
Determinants of continuous positive airway pressure compliance in a group of Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVE To assess continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance and factors associated with CPAP compliance among Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DESIGN A prospective study of 112 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed OSA commencing CPAP treatment. SETTING A university teaching hospital. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The following factors were evaluated for any correlation with objective CPAP compliance (effective mask pressure [hours per day]) at 1 month and 3 months: age, baseline apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), common OSA symptoms, minimum arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), mean SaO(2), arousal index (AI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), education level, CPAP levels, satisfaction with CPAP, side effects, and machine cost. There were 101 male and 11 female patients, with a mean (+/- SD) age of 45.6 +/- 1.2 years; body mass index, 29.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m(2); AI, 60 +/- 18/h; AHI, 48 +/- 24/h; minimum SaO(2) of 70 +/- 17%; and mean SaO(2) of 86 +/- 7%. ESS fell from 12.9 +/- 4.0 (baseline) to 5.2 +/- 4.7 at 3 months (p < 0.001). Objective CPAP compliance was 5.4 +/- 1.6 h/d and 5.3 +/- 1.6 h/d, while 75% and 72% of our patients were using CPAP objectively for > or = 4 h/d and at least 70% of the nights per week at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Following univariate analysis of variance, a high baseline AHI (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004) was associated with higher objective CPAP compliance at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. CONCLUSION CPAP usage and compliance were high in this patient population. A high baseline AHI was the only significant independent predictor of better CPAP compliance.
Prognostic abilities of different calculation formulas for the glomerular filtration rate in elderly Chinese patients with coronary artery disease

Objective As a standard indicator of renal function, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is vital for the prognostic analysis of elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, the search for the calculation equation of GFR with the best prognostic ability is an important task. The most commonly used Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and the Chinese version (CMDRD) of the MDRD equation has many shortcomings. The newly developed Mayo Clinic quadratic (Mayo) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations may overcome these shortcomings. Because the populations involved in these equation-related studies are almost completely devoid of subjects > 70 years of age, there are more debates on the performance of these equations in the elderly. This study was designed to compare the prognostic abilities of different calculation formulas for the GFR in elderly Chinese patients with CAD. Methods This study included 1050 patients (≥60 years of age) with CAD. The endpoint was all-cause mortality over a mean follow-up period of 417 days. Results The median age was 86 years (60–104 years). The median values for the MDRD-GFR, CMDRD-GFR, CKD-EPI-GFR, and Mayo-GFR were 66.0, 69.2, 65.6, and 75.8 mL/minute/1.73 m2, respectively. The prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 based on these measures was 39.3%, 35.4%, 43.0%, and 28.7%, respectively. Their area under the curve values for predicting death were 0.611, 0.610, 0.625, and 0.632, respectively. Their cut-off points for predicting death were 54.1, 53.5, 48.0, and 57.4 mL/minute/1.73 m2, respectively. Compared with the MDRD-GFR, the net reclassification improvement values of the CMDRD-GFR, CKD-EPI-GFR, and Mayo-GFR were 0.02, 0.10, and 0.14, respectively. Conclusion The prognostic abilities of the CKD-EPI and Mayo equations were significantly superior to the MDRD and CMDRD equations; the Mayo equation had a mild, but not statistically significant superiority compared with the CKD-EPI equation in elderly Chinese patients with CAD.
Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Portugal: Evidence from a Multivariate Framework Analysis

Abstract The purpose of this study is to re-visit the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Portugal over the sample period of 1974 to 2008 in a multivariate framework. The results of this study indicate that the variables are cointegrated and the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Portugal is bi-directional. Uni-directional causalities running from energy price and real income to employment are also found. Contrary to earlier studies, our results indicate that Portugal is an energy-dependent economy and energy-conservation policies could be detrimental to its economic growth and development. Therefore, renewable energy sources such as bio-fuel, solar power, hydro power, wind power, and wave power should be aggressively explored to ensure sufficient supply of energy to support the growth of the Portuguese economy in an environment-friendly manner.
Testing the 'Inverted-U' Phenomenon in Moral Development on Recently Promoted Senior Managers and Partners

This paper examines the change in the average level of moral development over a 7.5-year period of promotion, attrition, and survival in five Big 6 firms. The study improves upon previous cross-sectional studies that found decreases in the average level of moral development at the senior manager and partner levels, which has been referred to as the "inverted-U" phenomenon. Problems with these studies that limit the generalizability of their findings include their cross-sectional nature and samples that usually come from one or two firms. Over a 7.5-year period, we found that the participating Big 6 firms retained auditors with higher average levels of moral development (measured using the defining issues test), while those with lower average levels left the firms. The average level of moral development for new partners was at least as high as the group from which they came. This research suggests that the concern about Big 6 firms retaining a higher proportion of auditors with lower moral development may be an artifact of research design.
A new shunt-stub-based meander artificial transmission line in miniaturized microwave passive components

A miniaturized Wilkinson power divider and a branch-line coupler using a newly proposed shunt-stub-based meander artificial transmission line (ATL) are presented in this paper for ISM band applications. Open-circuited stubs are evenly placed in the blank area of the meander line to form the proposed ATL, which can be accurately designed by synthesizing microstrip lines with various characteristic impedances and electrical lengths. At the center frequency (2.4GHz) of ISM band, the sizes of the proposed Wilkinson power divider and branch-line coupler are only 30.2% and 23.7% of those conventional ones. The miniaturized Wilkinson power divider and branch-line coupler have similar frequency responses with the conventional counterparts, almost the same bandwidths especially. The measured results of the proposed microwave passive components are in a good agreement with the simulated results.
Exchange Rates and Business Cycles Across Countries

We study the business cycle properties of exchange rates and other macro-economic variables in a panel of developed and developing countries. We find substantial variation in the degree of co-movement of exchange rates with other macroeconomic variables across countries in our sample. Moreover, the volatility of exchange rates is much larger in developing countries than in developed countries. This larger volatility of exchange rates in developing countries is associated with the characteristics of business cycles and the level of co-movement with other aggregates.
Training data optimization strategy for multiclass text classification

Big data has been widely spread throughout social media in this digital era. Indeed, it is a good chance for business to get the information in real time. Since the data from social media is unstructured, thus we need to process it beforehand. Machine learning needs proper training data that makes the classification model perform accurately. In order to actualize it, we need a qualified domain knowledge and the right strategy to make an optimal training data. This paper shows the strategy to make optimal training data by using customer's complaint data from Twitter. We use both Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine as classifiers. The experimental result shows that our strategy of training data optimization can give good performance for multi-class text classification model.
The effects of heredity on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of parents and children

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heredity On the body composition And cardiorespiratory fitness of parents and Children.Thus body mass index(BMI), Waist-to-height ratio(WHR), Waist-to-hip(WSR), Percent of Subcutaneous fat,and VO2max 30 family members of Neishabur City with range of height fathers: :171.60 ± 6.61 cm, weight :73.13 ± 9.25 kg, and Body Mass Index( BMI):24.9 ± 3.07 kg/m2.and range of height in Mothers: 160.06 ± 6.30 cm, weight :67.46 ± 9.62 kg, and Body Mass Index( BMI):26.28 ± 3.35 kg/m2, and range of height in Girls: 152.96 ± 12.92 cm, weight :66.46 ± 12.39 kg, and Body Mass Index( BMI):22.06 ± 5.47 kg/m2.was measured,The subjects were selected using purposive and convenience sampling. Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables was applied for data analysis. The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a significant correlation between the Height of tall girls with fathers (r= 0.059 ). and there are a significant correlation between the Height of tall girls with Mothers (r= 0.3). The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a significant correlation between the weight of fathers with his girls(r=0.04)and there are a significant correlation between the weight of Mothers with her girls(r=0.52) The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a significant correlation between the Body Mass Index of fathers and mothers with his girls(r=0.38)and there are a significant correlation between the weight of Mothers with her girls(r=0.48). The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a significant correlation between the VO2max of fathers with his girls(r=0.46)and there are a significant correlation between the VO2max of Mothers with her girls(r=0.52) The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a no significant correlation between the Waist-to-height ratio(WHR) of fathers with his girls(r=0.21)and there are a significant correlation between the Waist-to-height ratio(WHR) of Mothers with her girls(r=0.007). The results of Pearson correlation and Correlation between the two variables revealed:there are a significant correlation between the Waist-to-hip(WSR) of fathers with his girls(r=0.145)and there are a significant correlation between the Waist-to-hip(WSR) of Mothers with her girls(r=0.289). The results show that a significant correlation between the Body fat of fathers with his girls(r=0.08)and there are a significant correlation between the Body fat of Mothers with her girls(r=0.013). The results of the present research showed that Genetics Factors may play an important role in body composition And cardiorespiratory fitness of parents and his/here Children,and suggest that Environmental factors can be a more significant than heredity Parameters.
High-grade SCFE: The Role of Surgical Hip Dislocation and Reduction

The patient with an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphsyis poses a challenging problem to the treating physician to improve the position of the displaced epiphysis to avoid femoroacetabular impingement without developing avascular necrosis (AVN)—a potentially devastating complication. Although the standard operative procedure of in situ pinning following an incidental reduction while positioning the patient on the table, has been the mainstay of treatment in North America, other viable options are available including a surgical dislocation approach to the hip followed by a modified Dunn osteotomy with control of the retinacular vessels, reduction of the epiphysis, and internal fixation with pins or screws. Although technically demanding, this approach offers an opportunity to reduce the epiphysis to avoid femoroacetabular impingement, and limit the possibility for the development of AVN. The early results for this procedure are promising with all studies demonstrating excellent reduction of the epiphysis and an overall lower incidence of AVN when compared with in situ pinning.
Discovering business innovation, channel collaboration and value delivery in international research odyssey

Although business innovation and channel collaboration are also claimed to represent driving forces in value delivery in terms of customer value creation and firm value appropriation, much of the evidence to date remains anecdotal, and, thus, the collaboration-innovation-value chain reminds a 'black box'. In this context, we adopt a capabilities view and a causal model is proposed to test the postulated relationships between the key constructs by deploying multi-country data. Our results indicate strong positive associations between the business innovation capability and firm value delivery, and, further, that this relationship is clearly reinforced by an isolating mechanism in terms of the collaborative capability a firm possesses.
Genetic variation in the murine lifespan response to dietary restriction: from life extension to life shortening

Chronic dietary restriction (DR) is considered among the most robust life‐extending interventions, but several reports indicate that DR does not always extend and may even shorten lifespan in some genotypes. An unbiased genetic screen of the lifespan response to DR has been lacking. Here, we measured the effect of one commonly used level of DR (40% reduction in food intake) on mean lifespan of virgin males and females in 41 recombinant inbred strains of mice. Mean strain‐specific lifespan varied two to threefold under ad libitum (AL) feeding and 6‐ to 10‐fold under DR, in males and females respectively. Notably, DR shortened lifespan in more strains than those in which it lengthened life. Food intake and female fertility varied markedly among strains under AL feeding, but neither predicted DR survival: therefore, strains in which DR shortened lifespan did not have low food intake or poor reproductive potential. Finally, strain‐specific lifespans under DR and AL feeding were not correlated, indicating that the genetic determinants of lifespan under these two conditions differ. These results demonstrate that the lifespan response to a single level of DR exhibits wide variation amenable to genetic analysis. They also show that DR can shorten lifespan in inbred mice. Although strains with shortened lifespan under 40% DR may not respond negatively under less stringent DR, the results raise the possibility that life extension by DR may not be universal.
THE EFFECT OF OIL DISCOVERIES ON THE BRITISH ECONOMY-THEORETICAL AMBIGUITIES AND THE CONSISTENT EXPECTATIONS SIMULATION APPROACH*

The finding of oil in the North Sea has stimulated the interest of U.K. economists in the effect of resource discoveries on an open economy. This has spawned a large number of theoretical papers including those by Neary (1983), Eastwood and Venables (1982), Buiter and Miller (1981) and Neary and Purvis (1981). These papers are primarily concerned with the various dynamic effects which are likely and have typically assumed perfect capital mobility and perfect foresight in order to keep the analysis tractable. However it turns out that these models can say nothing about the dynamic response to an oil discovery unless some unrealistic assumptions are made about the associated monetary effects. This is demonstrated in the first part of the paper. This point has been made independently by Neary and Wijnbergen (1982). The second part of the paper describes some results obtained by simulating the Treasury macroeconomic model under similar assumptions to those used in the theoretical literature in an attempt to throw some empirical light on these ambiguities.
Granger Causality of the Inflation - Growth Mirror in Accession Countries

The paper presents a model in which the exogenous money supply causes changes in the inflation rate and the output growth rate. While inflation and growth rate changes occur simultaneously, the inflation acts as a tax on the return to human capital and in this sense induces the growth rate decrease. Shifts in the model's credit sector productivity cause shifts in the income velocity of money that can break the otherwise stable relationship between money, inflation, and output growth. Applied to two accession countries, Hungary and Poland, a VAR system is estimated for each that incorporates endogenously determined multiple structural breaks. Results indicate Granger causality positively from money to inflation and negatively from inflation to growth for both Hungary and Poland, as suggested by the model, although there is some feedback to money for Poland. Three structural breaks are found for each country that are linked to changes in velocity trends, and to the breaks found in the other country.
Technological Accumulation, Diversification and Organisation in UK Companies, 1945-1983

A survey of more than 4,000 significant innovations and innovating firms in the UK from 1945-1983 shows that the scope and organisation of technological activities vary greatly as functions of firms' principal activities and size. 1. Technological opportunities and threats are greatest in firms in chemicals and engineering. Opportunities in such science-based and specialist supplier firms in general emerge horizontally in related product markets and downstream in user sectors. In scale-intensive e.g. steel, vehicles and supplier-dominated e.g. printing, construction firms, opportunities tend to be upstream in related production technologies. Breakthrough innovations in science-based firms also induce clusters of technological opportunities upstream for suppliers, horizontally for partners, and downstream for users. Their effective exploitation requires diversity of firms' technological activities greater than that strictly required for current output. 2. The nature of technological opportunities, and of organisation for their exploitation, also varies with firm size. Firms with fewer than 1,000 employees have major opportunities with specialised strategies in mechanical engineering and instruments. The prevalence of broad front technological strategies, and of divisionalisation, increases sharply with firm size, together with dependence on formal R and D activities. The size of innovating divisions has diminished sharply over the period. Divisionalisation improves the "goodness of fit" between the core business of innovating divisions and the innovations themselves, but 40% have remained consistently outside the core business of divisions. 3. These findings help identify the key tasks of technological strategy in firms in different industries, and of different sizes. Thus, in large firms, divisionalisation can create the small size of unit conducive to effective implementation, but it cannot absolve central management from the continuous task of matching technological opportunities with organisational forms and boundaries.
Production of Anti-Cancer Agent Using Microbial Biotransformation

Microbial biotransformation is a great model system to produce drugs and biologically active compounds. In this study, we elucidated the fermentation and production of an anti-cancer agent from a microbial process for regiospecific hydroxylation of resveratrol. Among the strains examined, a potent strain showed high regiospecific hydroxylation activity to produce piceatannol. In a 5 L (w/v 3 L) jar fermentation, this wild type Streptomyces sp. in the batch system produced 205 mg of piceatannol (i.e., 60% yields) from 342 mg of resveratrol in 20 h. Using the product, an in vitro anti-cancer study was performed against a human cancer cell line (HeLa). It showed that the biotransformed piceatannol possessed a significant anticancer activity. This result demonstrates that a biotransformation screening method might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the identification of anti-cancer drugs.
Assessing firm capabilities for innovation

The capability to innovate has been described as key to firms remaining competitive. Scholars and managers have tried to understand how firms renew themselves in response to changes in the environment or the strategic need to be innovative. Drawing on the literature on organisational capabilities and experience gained from working with and assessing firms’ capabilities for innovation, this paper presents a firm relevant framework for capabilities for innovation in large firms and the subsequent tool for assessing these capabilities. It contributes to the growing stream of literature on the capabilities for innovation by explaining and operationalising some key dimensions of the capabilities for innovation and by providing a tool that is actionable, i.e., easily translated into action.