Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confronting the unexpected: temporal, situational, and attributive dimensions of distressing symptom experience for breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe women's unexpected and distressing symptom experiences after breast cancer treatment. RESEARCH APPROACH Qualitative and descriptive. SETTING Depending upon their preference, participants were interviewed in their homes or in a private office space in a nearby library. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sample of 13 women 1-18 years after breast cancer treatment. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Secondary analysis of phenomenologic data (constant comparative method). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Breast cancer symptom distress, ongoing symptoms, and unexpected experiences. FINDINGS Women described experiences of unexpected and distressing symptoms in the years following breast cancer treatment. Symptoms included pain, loss of energy, impaired limb movement, cognitive disturbance, changed sexual experience, and lymphedema. Four central themes were derived: living with lingering symptoms, confronting unexpected situations, losing precancer being, and feeling like a has-been. Distress intensified when women expected symptoms to disappear but symptoms persisted instead. Increased distress also was associated with sudden and unexpected situations or when symptoms elicited feelings of loss about precancer being and feelings of being a has been. Findings suggest that symptom distress has temporal, situational, and attributive dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer survivors' perceptions of ongoing and unexpected symptoms have important influences on quality of life. Understanding temporal, situational, and attributive dimensions of symptom distress empowers nurses and healthcare professionals to help breast cancer survivors prepare for subsequent ongoing or unexpected experiences in the years after breast cancer treatment. INTERPRETATION Follow-up care for breast cancer survivors should foster dialogue about ways that symptoms might emerge and that unexpected situations might occur. Prospective studies are needed to examine symptom distress in terms of temporal, situational, and attributive dimensions and explore the relationship between symptom distress and psychological distress after breast cancer treatment.
The detection and recognition of arrow markings recognition based on monocular vision

Road information understanding is a necessary task for both intelligent vehicles and driving assistance systems. Previous research mostly focused on the detection of lane position. Other information provided by arrow markings was scarcely mentioned. In this paper, Arrow extraction is carried out by projection histogram on Inverse perspective image and an arrow markings recognition algorithm is presented based on multi-class support vector machines. An improved Haar wavelet feature extraction approach is utilized to describe the feature of arrow markings. In order to guarantee generalization performance, the F-score method is used for feature reduction. The results show that the algorithm can detect and recognize arrow markings effectively, and it's robust to occlusion by other vehicles or poor visibility.
A Web-Based Self-Learning Grammar for Spoken Language Understanding

One of the major goals of Spoken Dialog Systems (SDS) is to understand what the user utters. In the SDS domain, the Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) Module classifies user utterances by means of a pre-definite conceptual knowledge. The SLU module is able to recognize only the meaning previously included in its knowledge base. Due the vastity of that knowledge, the information storing is a very expensive process. Updating and managing the knowledge base are time-consuming and error-prone processes because of the rapidly growing number of entities like proper nouns and domain-specific nouns. This paper proposes a solution to the problem of Name Entity Recognition (NER) applied to a SDS domain. The proposed solution attempts to automatically recognize the meaning associated with an utterance by using the PANKOW (Pattern based Annotation through Knowledge On the Web) method at runtime. The method being proposed extracts information from the Web to increase the SLU knowledge module and reduces the development effort. In particular, the Google Search Engine is used to extract information from the Facebook social network. Keywords—Spoken Dialog System, Spoken Language Understanding, Web Semantic, Name Entity Recognition.
Domestic Business-to-Business Relationships and the Internationalization of SMEs: Evidence from Switzerland

Relationships and networks are commonly understood to play an important role in firms' internationalisation. With this proposition in mind, this paper investigates the link between domestic business-to-business ties and firm internationalisation in a sample of 502 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from Switzerland. Following a two-step approach, this paper analyses how transactional relationships among SMEs and publicly listed domestic companies are linked to the export propensity and export intensity of SMEs. The empirical results reveal the heterogeneous effects of these relationships. Although the domestic business-to-business ties are positively associated with the export propensity of SMEs, they are negatively related to the export intensity of SMEs.
Contribution of death receptor and mitochondrial pathways to Fas‐mediated apoptosis in the prostatic carcinoma cell line PC3

Two main pathways of apoptosis in mammalian cells have been described: the death receptor pathway and the mitochondrial pathway. Two different cell types have been identified for Fas‐mediated apoptosis, each using almost exclusively one of two different signaling pathways. Human prostatic carcinoma cell line, PC3 is sensitive to Fas‐mediated apoptosis, but relation of receptor and mitochondrial pathways is not clear.
Hyper-CVAD program in Burkitt's-type adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE To evaluate response and outcome with a front-line intensive multiagent chemotherapy regimen in adults with Burkitt's-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 1992 to June 1997, 26 consecutive adults with newly diagnosed untreated B-ALL received hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD). Their median age was 58 years (range, 17 to 79 years), and 46% were > or = 60 years. Patients received Hyper-CVAD alternated with courses of high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and prophylactic antibiotics were administered for all eight planned courses. CNS prophylaxis alternated intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine on days 2 and 7 of each course. RESULTS Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 21 patients (81%). There were five induction deaths (19%). The median time to CR was 22 days (range, 15 to 89 days); 70% achieved CR within 4 weeks. The 3-year survival rate was 49% (+/- 11%); the 3-year continuous CR rate was 61% (+/- 11%). Twelve CR patients (57%) were in continuous CR at a median follow-up of 3+ years (range, 13+ months to 6.5+ years). Characteristics predicting for worse survival were age > or = 60 years, poor performance status, anemia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral blasts, and increased lactate dehydrogenase level. The 3-year survival rate was 77% for 14 patients younger than 60 years and 17% for 12 patients > or = 60 years (P <.01). Regression analysis identified older age, anemia, and presence of peripheral blasts as independent factors associated with shorter survival. Patients could be stratified according to (1) no or one adverse feature, (2) two adverse features, and (3) all adverse features. The 3-year survival rates were 89%, 47%, and 0%, respectively (P <.01). CONCLUSION Hyper-CVAD is effective in adult B-ALL. Identification of patients with high risk for relapse and improved methods to detect residual disease may result in risk-oriented approaches.
Evidence for the early onset of aberrant promoter methylation in urothelial carcinoma

There is evidence that carcinoma in situ (CIS) is the precursor of invasive urothelial carcinoma, a tumour characterized by frequent gene promoter methylation. The timing of altered DNA methylation is unknown in this pathway. Here we investigate gene methylation in 196 consecutive samples of normal urothelium, CIS, and tumours from 104 patients with both CIS and invasive urothelial carcinoma using quantitative methyl‐sensitive polymerase chain reaction for six genes (p16, p14, E‐cadherin, RARβ2, RASSF1a, and GSTP1). Control normal urothelial samples from 15 patients with no history of urothelial carcinoma were also analysed. Immunohistochemistry established the expression of well‐characterized CIS markers p53 and cytokeratin 20. Promoter methylation occurred frequently in both normal urothelium and CIS samples from patients with urothelial carcinoma, and increased with progression from normal to invasive urothelial carcinoma, at both specific loci (χ2 test: E‐cadherin, p = 0.0001; RASSF1a, p = 0.003, RARβ2, p = 0.007, p16, p = 0.024) and in general (methylation indices [t‐test, p < 0.0001]). Methylation was associated with cytokeratin 20 expression (t‐test, p = 0.004) and poor prognosis, and with increased progression to tumour death in patients whose CIS samples showed methylation, in comparison with those without methylation (log rank p < 0.03). Promoter methylation occurs early in the urothelial carcinogenic pathway and appears to be a good biomarker of the invasive urothelial carcinoma phenotype. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Glutathione-De fi cient Mice have Increased Sensitivity to Transplacental Benzo [ a ] pyrene-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure and Ovarian Tumorigenesis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Prenatal exposure to BaP causes premature reproductive senescence in mice, and other PAHs are transplacental ovarian carcinogens. Glutathione (GSH) is critical for detoxification of the reactive metabolites of PAHs. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice that are genetically deficient in GSH synthesis, due to deletion of themodifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have increased destruction of oogonia, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian tumorigenesis after transplacental BaP exposure compared with Gclmþ/þ females. Gclmþ/ female and male mice were mated, and dams were treated with 0, 2, or 10 mg/kg/d BaP in sesame oil by gavage from gestational days 7 to 16. Compared with oil-treated F1 females of the same genotype, Gclm / prenatally BaPtreated females had significantly greater decrements in offspring production than Gclmþ/þ BaP-treated females. Similarly, we observed significant BaP dose Gclm genotype interactions on ovarian follicle counts and ovarian tumormultiplicity at 7.5 months of age, withGclm / females having greater decrements in follicle numbers and more ovarian tumors in response to prenatal BaP exposure than Gclmþ/þ females. The ovarian tumors were positive for the epithelial marker cytokeratin. Our results show that prenatal exposure of females to BaP causes premature ovarian failure and ovarian tumorigenesis and that embryonic GSH deficiency due to deletion ofGclm increases sensitivity to these transplacental ovarian effects of BaP. Cancer Res; 73(2); 1–10. 2012 AACR.
Incidence of adverse events related to health care in Spain: results of the Spanish National Study of Adverse Events

Objective: To determine the incidence and incidence density of adverse events (AEs) in Spanish hospitals (including the pre-hospitalisation period). Method: Retrospective cohort study. Results: The incidence of patients with AEs relating directly to hospital care was 8.4% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.1%) and rose 9.3% (95% CI 8.6% to 10.1%), including those from the pre-hospitalisation period. The incidence density was 1.2 AEs per 100 patient-days (95% CI 1.1 to 1.3). The incidence of moderate and serious AEs was 5.6 AEs per 1000 patient-days (95% CI 4.9% to 6.3%). In 66.3% of AEs, additional procedures were required and in 69.9% additional treatments were required. In total 42.8% of AEs were considered as avoidable. Of the subjects with some intrinsic risk factors, 13.2% developed AEs compared with 5.2% of the subjects who had no risk factors (p<0.001), and 9.5% of the subjects who had some extrinsic risk factors developed AEs compared with 3.4% of the subjects who had not (p<0.001). Patients older than 65 years of age showed a higher frequency of AEs than those under this age (12.4% vs 5.4%, p<0.001, RR 2.5). The most frequent AEs were those associated with medication (37.4%), hospital infections of any type (25.3%) and those relating to technical problems during a procedure (25.0%). A total of 31.4% of the AEs involved an increase in the length of stay. The AEs associated with medical assistance caused 6.1 additional hospital stays by patient. Conclusions: The incidence of patients with AE related to medical assistance in Spanish hospitals was relevant and similar to those found in the studies from Canada and New Zealand that had been conducted with comparable methodology. Patient vulnerability has been identified therein as playing a major role in generating healthcare-related AEs. These and other recent results indicate the need for AEs to be considered a public health priority in Europe.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescent British South Asians and Whites: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated mortality are more common in British South Asians than in the British white population. Most of the aspects of the cardiovascular risk profile are modifiable, and are thought to be established in childhood. However, the role of genetics and ethnicity has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: This pilot study compared cardiovascular risk profiles in British South Asian and British white adolescents, and investigated the relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, nutrition, and CVD risk profile in both ethnic groups. Methods: Cardiovascular risk factors included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body composition, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Physical activity was measured using 7-day accelerometry; diet was measured from a 3-day dietary record. Fitness was assessed from running economy, submaximal exercise lactate response, and peak oxygen uptake. Body composition was determined through a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA). Finger-prick blood samples were taken for fasting glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: Twelve British South Asian males (aged 15.2 ± 0.3 years) and 11 British white males (aged 15.1 ± 0.3 years) were recruited. Mean systolic blood pressure in British South Asian adolescents was 6.9 mm Hg higher (95% confidence interval [CI], −13.4 to 0.4 mm Hg) than in their British white counterparts. Following multifactorial adjustment, this increased to 12.4 mm Hg. Fasting blood triglycerides were 1.04 mmol/L (0.52-1.57 mmol/L) higher in Asians; this was nonsignificant following adjustment for dietary factors. The British South Asian adolescents' diet contained 42 g (23-61 g) more fat per day. Conclusions: Differences in cardiovascular risk profile between British South Asian and British white males are present in adolescence, with higher fasting blood triglycerides in British South Asian adolescent males being attributed to a higher proportion of dietary fat. Interventions may thus be developed to influence dietary choices during childhood, and therefore potentially reduce CVD in adulthood.
New Visions Of Graduate Management Education

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Carcinoid Tumors and Fibrosis: An Association with No Explanation

Carcinoid tumors are slow-growing neuroendocrine neoplasms most commonly associated with the gut and broncho-pulmonary system. In many instances, they are identified at surgery for unexplained bowel obstruction or during exploration of the small bowel in search of a primary tumor once distant metastases have been detected. Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel often present with pronounced fibrosis in the peri-tumoral tissues, distant in the heart or lungs, and locally in the peritoneal cavity. Despite medical and therapeutic advances that have alleviated symptoms and prolonged life, a substantial subset of patients develops mesenteric and small bowel carcinoid fibrosis and/or carcinoid heart disease. Fibrosis, and increasingly cardiac heart disease, are important components of intestinal carcinoid disease and are of considerable clinical concern, as both of these conditions reflect a connective tissue disorder whose etiology, biology, and therapy are unknown. In the past, individuals with carcinoid disease died of metastasis and uncontrollable symptomatology. Currently, there exists no clinical method to determine the development of fibrosis and little is understood about the biological basis of fibrosis. The elucidation of the biology and management of fibrosis is thus an issue of paramount clinical and scientific importance in determining appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the unraveling of the molecular events indicative of fibrosis in these cells and the identification of appropriate therapeutic targets is of considerable patient-care relevance. We have surveyed the world literature over the past 40 yr to evaluate both the incidence of carcinoid processes and track the evolving understanding of this process. In addition, we have provided more current mechanistic information in regard to the biological basis of fibrosis associated with small bowel carcinoid tumors.
Analysis of hardware modular inversion modules for elliptic curve cryptography

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), one of public-key cryptographic algorithms, is being widely used for device authentication. ECC need heavy computation, and especially modular inversion operation, one of main operations of ECC, is very time-consuming. To improve the performance, hardware implementation can be a solution. There are various modular inversion algorithms, and their performances in hardware module are different from those of software program. In this paper, we implemented various inversion algorithms in hardware, and analyzed them to find out which one is proper for hardware design.
Reexamining the Factors for Trust in Cultivating Online Customer Repurchase Intentions: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Waiting

With the advancement of Internet technology, online shopping has emerged as a popular way of making purchases. However, because online shopping does not allow immediate enjoyment of purchases as bricks-and-mortar shops do, cultivating customers' trust in online businesses is especially important in attracting return customers. Previous studies have put forward the factors that build multidimensional trust but not systematically examined them. This article reexamines factors of building customer trust and makes a systematic study of the relationship between customers' perceived waiting and repurchase intention. This study examines online stores' professional ability, integrity, and benevolence were selected as the three constructing factors of trust. A total of 351 valid customer questionnaires were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. It was found that the most influential factor in customer trust was the security of the online business' information system, followed by the privacy protection, whereas the third-party guarantees and recommendation exhibited the third strongest correlation. Furthermore, the perceived waiting was a significant factor affecting customers' decision to return, notwithstanding their trust in an online business.
VX-509 (Decernotinib) Is a Potent and Selective Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitor That Attenuates Inflammation in Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease

Cytokines, growth factors, and other chemical messengers rely on a class of intracellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinases known as Janus kinases (JAKs) to rapidly transduce intracellular signals. A number of these cytokines are critical for lymphocyte development and mediating immune responses. JAK3 is of particular interest due to its importance in immune function and its expression, which is largely confined to lymphocytes, thus limiting the potential impact of JAK3 inhibition on nonimmune physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency and selectivity of the investigational JAK3 inhibitor VX-509 (decernotinib) [(R)-2-((2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)butanamide] against JAK3 kinase activity and inhibition of JAK3-mediated signaling in vitro and JAK3-dependent physiologic processes in vivo. These results demonstrate that VX-509 potently inhibits JAK3 in enzyme assays (Ki = 2.5 nM + 0.7 nM) and cellular assays dependent on JAK3 activity (IC50 range, 50–170 nM), with limited or no measurable potency against other JAK isotypes or non-JAK kinases. VX-509 also showed activity in two animal models of aberrant immune function. VX-509 treatment resulted in dose-dependent reduction in ankle swelling and paw weight and improved paw histopathology scores in the rat collagen-induced arthritis model. In a mouse model of oxazolone-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity, VX-509 reduced the T cell–mediated inflammatory response in skin. These findings demonstrate that VX-509 is a selective and potent inhibitor of JAK3 in vitro and modulates proinflammatory response in models of immune-mediated diseases, such as collagen-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The data support evaluation of VX-509 for treatment of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Hearing environment recognition in hearing aids

The hearing environment recognition algorithm is one of the core algorithms of the modern digital hearing aids. It can recognize the quiet, noisy and musical environment under a variety of scenarios, such as street, train or restaurant scene in noise environment. It then adjusts the parameters of other hearing aids algorithms according to different audio environment. This paper presents a method to improve the training algorithm of Gaussian mixture models(GMMs), which uses fusion LBG clustering algorithm and annealing algorithm to initialize the value of GMM parameter means μ, instead of initializing it randomly in traditional way. The method can improve recognition accuracy by optimizing the GMM parameters. The experimental result demonstrates that the accuracy rate of the traditional GMMs algorithm is about 77%, while that of the method we proposed is about 85%. In the end, we continue to explore the influence of the selection of the MFCC features and Gaussian mixture numbers on the recognition rate.