Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Complexity User and Antenna Selection for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Block Diagonalization

Block diagonalization is a downlink preceding technique that pre-cancels inter-user interference in multiuser MIMO systems. When there are a large number of users, the system throughput can be significantly increased by selecting a subset of users and a subset of receive antennas for each user. The optimal user and antenna subset can be obtained by exhaustively searching over all possible user and antenna combinations to find the one with the highest sum throughput. This brute-force solution, however, is prohibitively complicated. To reduce the complexity, in this paper we propose a low-complexity suboptimal user and antenna selection algorithm. For most system configurations, we show that our proposed algorithm achieves up to 98% of the optimal sum throughput of the exhaustive search, where the complexity is orders of magnitude lower than the exhaustive search method.
Habituation to Rotation

Reports experiments undertaken by Dodge to study the theoretical and practical aspects of adaptation to repeated vestibular stimulation.The revolving platform on which O sat during rotation was set in motion. Onset of rotation by this device was never perceptible to O. Motion was sensed only after the platform had moved through a considerable angle. While the platform was yet accelerating, the subject reported that the platform was coming to rest. This illusion was reported by all but one of more than twenty-five Ss. The illusion of reversed rotation gradually disappeared before the platform reached its maximum velocity. Six to ten seconds after the apparatus stopped, most subjects reported an illusion of a positive after-image of rotation and some reported an illusion of negative after-image of rotation. Suggests to postulate some central factor of compensation which tends to cut across or inhibit the normal conscious accompaniments of external stimulation, to account for these illusions . To study the effects of repetition of rotation, the technique for recording compensatory eye-movements from closed eyelids was used. The graphic summaries revealed the presence of the phenomenon of habituation. Introspective data revealed the progressive development of subjective indifference to rotation during the training period. Additional data from six O's on the training of compensatory eye-reflexes, derived from experiments on adaptation to oscillation, showed the progressive influence of habituation. Concludes that the similarity of behavior between the phenomena of habituation on the reflex level and the phenomena of the learning process suggests the possibility of some fundamental neural factor identical to both spheres. From Psych Bulletin 20:06:00499. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Exercise and 24-h glycemic control: equal effects for all type 2 diabetes patients?

PURPOSE We assessed the effect of a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise on subsequent 24-h glycemic control in 60 type 2 diabetes patients. Moreover, we examined whether individual responses to exercise were related to subjects' baseline characteristics, including age, body mass index, diabetes duration, exercise performance, medication, and HbA1c content. METHODS Sixty type 2 diabetes patients (insulin-treated, n = 23) participated in a randomized crossover experiment. Patients were studied on two occasions for 3 d under strict dietary standardization but otherwise free-living conditions. Parameters of glycemic control (means [95% confidence interval]) were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring over the 24-h period after a single bout of moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise or no exercise at all (control). RESULTS Type 2 diabetes patients experienced hyperglycemia (blood glucose >10 mmol·L) for as much as 8:16 h:min (6:44 to 9:48 h:min) per day. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was reduced by 31% to 5:38 h:min (3:17 to 7:00 h:min) over the 24-h period after the exercise bout (P < 0.001). Moreover, exercise lowered average blood glucose concentrations by 0.9 mmol·L (0.7 to 1.2) and reduced glycemic variability (P < 0.05). The response to exercise showed considerable variation between subjects and correlated positively with HbA1c levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, even well-controlled patients with an HbA1c level below 7.0% (n = 28) achieved a 28% reduction in the daily prevalence hyperglycemia after exercise (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise substantially improves glycemic control throughout the subsequent day in insulin- and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients. Of all baseline characteristics, only subjects' HbA1c level is related to the magnitude of response to exercise. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that even well-controlled patients benefit considerably from the blood glucose-lowering properties of daily exercise.
Clock-dependent and system-driven oscillators interact in the suprachiasmatic nuclei to pace mammalian circadian rhythms

Circadian clocks drive biological rhythms with a period of approximately 24 hours and keep in time with the outside world through daily resetting by environmental cues. While this external entrainment has been extensively investigated in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the role of internal systemic rhythms, including daily fluctuations in core temperature or circulating hormones remains debated. Here, we show that lactating mice, which exhibit dampened systemic rhythms, possess normal molecular clockwork but impaired rhythms in both heat shock response gene expression and electrophysiological output in their SCN. This suggests that body rhythms regulate SCN activity downstream of the clock. Mathematical modeling predicts that systemic feedback upon the SCN functions as an internal oscillator that accounts for in vivo and ex vivo observations. Thus we are able to propose a new bottom-up hierarchical organization of circadian timekeeping in mammals, based on the interaction in the SCN between clock-dependent and system-driven oscillators.
Overcoming heterophobia: modeling concurrency in heterogeneous systems

System level design is complex. One source of this complexity is that systems are often heterogeneous: different models of computation (e.g., dataflow, FSMs) are used to describe different components of a system. Existing formal methods for concurrent systems are typically based on one particular model of computation, so it is difficult to formalize the interaction between heterogeneous components. In this paper, we develop a framework for formalizing the relationships between different models of computation.
Metaphors in the Lexicon

This article argues that familiar metaphors are associated with the mental lexicon, where they are easily accessed. Metaphorical senses could simply be added to the lexicon, as idioms, or combined with literal senses by abstraction. These approaches do not, as Lakoff and Johnson (1980) pointed out, account for systematicity. One can not only "grasp lectures," but "manipulate beliefs," "toss theories around," and "juggle formulas. " A third possible strategy is sense extension, where rules derive a figurative sense by considering the violated literal constraints. The experiment reported here investigated such familiar and systematic metaphors, comparing the time to recognize words used in systematic metaphors as opposed to literal and anomalous control sentences. The results suggest a stage model of processing, in which the second, failure-driven stage is obligatory: If processing using literal senses (including any senses that have been lexicalized by idiom addition or abstraction) fails, then automaticall.
A Performance Analysis of Distributed Indexing using Terrier 26 November 2012

High performance indexing is critical to fast and efficient data retrieval, and underlies mainstream systems such as search engines. A limiting factor for indexing performance is data set size: while this may not be important for small desktop or smartphone applications, the scale of the dataset is problematic when indexing large corpora such as the web. Distributing both the dataset and the computation can solve this issue, and consequently a number of distributed indexers have been developed, but their effectiveness remains to be seen. To shed some light on this issue, we present a detailed performance analysis of one of the leading solutions. Terrier is a scalable piece of software supporting indexing and retrieval both on a single nodes and a distributed cluster. We demonstrate that performance is highly correlated to the specific setup of a cluster and aim to provide useful guidelines for data scientists willing to get the most out of their hardware. UCL DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Regional cerebral blood flow and histopathologic changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were correlated with the distribution of histopathologic signs of brain injury in 35 rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats were allowed to survive for periods of up to 4 weeks after the operation, and we focused particular interest on the time course of blood flow changes from the initial ischemic events to the late stage of infarction. Regional blood flow was measured using [14C]iodoantipyrine and a quantitative autoradiographic technique. Blood flow in regions with histologic signs of infarction (i.e., the lateral caudoputamen and adjacent neocortex) was below 0.238 ml/g/min, corresponding to 15% of normal values for those regions. In perifocal regions without infarction such as the medial caudoputamen and globus pallidus, cerebral blood flow was also reduced, but it never declined below 20% of its normal value. The decrease in cerebral blood flow was most marked during the first hours after occlusion. Thereafter, cerebral blood flow values gradually normalized, and at 4 weeks there were no significant differences compared with the contralateral side. The border between cortical regions with hypoperfusion and normal cerebral blood flow was rather sharp in the coronal plane, but in the sagittal plane there was a more gradual transitional region. The region with hypoperfusion, observed in the sagittal plane, was most widespread in the acute stage, and normalization of flow occurred particularly from anterior and posterior cortical regions toward the ischemic focus. The possibility for penumbral conditions in the cortex thus exists, particularly in the anterior and posterior borders of the infarction, and remains for several hours after the initial insult. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The advancement of racial neoliberalism in Britain

Abstract This paper explores the advancement of racial neoliberalism in Britain, and notes the genealogy of the evaporation of race post-Macpherson to demonstrate that, while the terms of race are increasingly erased from public and institutional discourse, the institutionalization of racism continues unbounded, legitimated through the ‘War on Terror’. This dichotomy comes together under the ‘Prevent’ agenda which, as it maps onto ‘Community Cohesion’, has become the dominant thread of state policy on race. Thus, while any progressive measures using race for the purposes of anti-racism fade from view, they are increasingly overshadowed by a position which uses race, silently and ambiguously, through policies of policing and securitization. Consequently we move towards a place where the only mode in which race is spoken by the state is for the purposes of discipline and control.
Learning Noun and Adjective Meanings: A Connectionist Account

Why do children learn nouns such as cup faster than dimensional adjectives such as big? Most explanations of this well-known phenomenon rely on prior knowledge in the child of the nounadjective distinction or on the logical priority of nouns as the arguments of predicates. In this paper we examine an alternative account, one which seeks to explain the relative ease of nouns over adjectives in terms of the response of the learner to various properties of the semantic categories to be learned and of the word learning task itself. We isolate four such properties: the relative size and the relative compactness of the regions in representational space associated with the categories, the presence or absence of lexical dimensions in the linguistic context of a word (what color is it? vs. what is it? ), and the number of words of a particular type to be learned. In a set of five experiments, we trained a simple connectionist categorization device to label input objects, in particular linguistic contexts, as nouns or adjectives. We show that, for the network, the first three of the above properties favor the more rapid learning of nouns, while the fourth favors the more rapid learning of adjectives. Our experiments demonstrate that the advantage for nouns over adjectives does not require prior knowledge of the distinction between nouns and adjectives and suggest that this distinction may instead emerge as the child learns to associate the different properties of noun and adjective categories with the different morphosyntactic contexts which elicit them.
The Use of MLU for Identifying Language Impairment in Preschool Children: A Review

James scored 28 on the Auditory Comprehension Subtest of the Preschool Language Scale. This corresponds to a standard score of 90, which is less than 1 SD below the mean, and is at the 25th percentile for his age. The Expressive Communication Subtest could not be scored since James did not complete all of the items. During 15 minutes of play, James produced 28 utterances that were completely intelligible. Mean Length of Utterance was 3.16, which is 1.25 SD below the mean for his age.
Towards a theory of algorithm-determined cognitive test construction

A rationale for, and data from, a trial of a theory of item generation by algorithms whose origins are cognitive models of task performance are presented. Since Spearman (1904), intelligence has been operationally defined and assessed in human subjects by administering identical test items whose content and order have been fixed only after empirical iterations. In our approach, intelligence is ostensively defined by theoretically determined algorithms used for item construction and presentation. Knowledge of what cognitive factors limit human performance makes it possible to vary within tightly specified parameters those features of the tasks that contribute to difficulty, which we call radicals, to let those components of the tasks that do not contribute to difficulty vary randomly, and to counterbalance aspects of answer production that might induce biases of response. Empirical data are based on the generation of five different short tests demanding only functional literacy as a prerequisite for their execution. Four parallel forms of each test were administered to young male Army recruits whose scores were collated with their Army Entrance Test results, which were not previously known to us. Results show that the parallel, algorithm-generated item sets are statistically invariant, which item generation theory demands; and that the individual tests differentially predict Army Entrance Test scores. We conclude that IQ test performances are parsimoniously explained by individual differences in encoding, comparison and reconstructive memory processes.
Learning: Through the Eyes of the Learner

Learning tends to be theorized, in research and curriculum practice, from the perspective of the known and seen, as is apparent in the idea that learners intentionally “construct” knowledge. We need to ask, however, how students who do not know the learning object (what the teacher wants them to know) can orient towards this unknown, unseen, and therefore unforeseen knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to bring the problematic of this learning paradox into sharp relief by drawing on empirical examples from my research in a variety of settings. I then exhibit some core aspects of my findings, which, most importantly, highlight (a) the simultaneously active and passive aspects involved in any (perceptual) learning and (b) how the world and the objects it contains becomes independent of perception. I conclude by articulating some of the advantages that come with theorizing learning from the perspective of the learner – i.e., the perspective of the learning object as unknown, unseen, and unheard-of – including the often-forgotten emotional component.
Modulation of neurotransmitter action: control of the gamma- aminobutyric acid response through the benzodiazepine receptor

The ability of several homologous benzodiazepine and heterologous nonbenzodiazepine ligands to alter the conductance increase induced in spinal cord neurons by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined. Complete dose-response curves were carried out on individual neurons, reducing error introduced by cell-to-cell variability. The efficacies of modulation differ for “classical” benzodiazepines and novel nonbenzodiazepine drugs in a manner consistent with a model of control of GABA receptor action through a common receptor. There was no apparent correlation between efficacy and potency. CL 218,872, a triazolopyridazine, gave the lowest efficacy of the tranquilizers tested. Ro 15–1788 (an imidazobenzodiazepine) potentiated g GABA with high potency and low efficacy, consistent with an action as a partial agonist and an “antagonist” of classical benzodiazepine action. In order of increasing efficacy, Ro 15–1788, CL 218,872, and flurazepam are partial agonists, whereas clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flunitrazepam are full agonists. The beta-carboline drugs methyl- beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM) and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4- ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) are “anxiogenics” and convulsants that were found to exert through the benzodiazepine receptor-inhibitory and apparently insurmountable control of g GABA . beta-CCM and DMCM display large negative efficacies and act like effectors at a site distinct from the picrotoxin-sensitive chloride ionophore and coincident with the benzodiazepine site. The actions of these different benzodiazepine receptor ligands in vivo range from anxiolytic and anticonvulsant to anxiogenic and convulsant. Efficacy rather than potency almost certainly determines the qualitative nature of the pharmacological actions of these drugs.
Multichannel time domain fNIRS mapping of cortical activation and superficial systemic responses during neuromuscular electrical stimulation

We recorded maps of cortical and systemic hemodynamic responses (oxy-hemoglobin, O2Hb and deoxy-hemoglobin, HHb) during incremental neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the right forearm in nine subjects by a 32- channel time domain fNIRS (TD-fNIRS) instrument. Statistical parametric maps (SPM) relative to the different current stimulations (under and over the maximal tolerated intensity-MTI) versus the 10%MTI were generated. Exploiting the temporal information contained in the TD-fNIRS signal it was possible to create different maps referring to the deeper (cortical activations) and the more superficial (systemic changes) head layers. The increasing of the stimulation current on the right forearm muscle produced a significantly larger bilateral sensorimotor and prefrontal cortical activations (i.e. increase in the O2Hb and decrease in HHb) than the systemic changes. Physiological parameters (heart rate, breathing rate and skin conductance) were also monitored.
Behavioral and Circuit Basis of Sucrose Rejection by Drosophila Females in a Simple Decision-Making Task

Drosophila melanogaster egg-laying site selection offers a genetic model to study a simple form of value-based decision. We have previously shown that Drosophila females consistently reject a sucrose-containing substrate and choose a plain (sucrose-free) substrate for egg laying in our sucrose versus plain decision assay. However, either substrate is accepted when it is the sole option. Here we describe the neural mechanism that underlies females' sucrose rejection in our sucrose versus plain assay. First, we demonstrate that females explored the sucrose substrate frequently before most egg-laying events, suggesting that they actively suppress laying eggs on the sucrose substrate as opposed to avoiding visits to it. Second, we show that activating a specific subset of DA neurons triggered a preference for laying eggs on the sucrose substrate over the plain one, suggesting that activating these DA neurons can increase the value of the sucrose substrate for egg laying. Third, we demonstrate that neither ablating nor inhibiting the mushroom body (MB), a known Drosophila learning and decision center, affected females' egg-laying preferences in our sucrose versus plain assay, suggesting that MB does not mediate this specific decision-making task. We propose that the value of a sucrose substrate— as an egg-laying option—can be adjusted by the activities of a specific DA circuit. Once the sucrose substrate is determined to be the lesser valued option, females execute their decision to reject this inferior substrate not by stopping their visits to it, but by actively suppressing their egg-laying motor program during their visits.
On determining lifetime and aliasing of dynamically allocated data in higher-order functional specifications

We present a static analysis method for determining aliasing and lifetime of dynamically allocated data in lexically scoped, higher-order, strict and polymorphic languages with first class continuations. The goal is validate program transformations that introduce imperative constructs such as destructive updatings, stack allocations and explicit deallocations in order to reduce the run-time memory management overhead. Our method is based on an operational model of higher order functional programs from which we construct statically computable abstractions using the abstract interpretation framework. Our method provides a solution to a problem left open [Hudak 86]: determining isolation of data in the case of higher order languages with structured data.
Feature-based and channel-based analyses of intrinsic variability in speaker verification

We explore how intrinsic variations (those associated with the speaker rather than the recording environment) affect textindependent speaker verification performance. In a previous paper we introduced the SRI-FRTIV corpus and provided speaker verification results using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) system on telephone-channel speech. In this paper we explore the use of other speaker verification systems on the telephone channel data and compare against the GMM baseline. We found the GMM system to be one of the more robust across all conditions. Systems relying on recognition hypotheses had a significant degradation in low vocal effort conditions. We also explore the use of the GMM system on several other channels. We found improved performance on table-top microphones compared to the telephone channel in furtive conditions and gradual degradations as a function of the distance from the microphone to the speaker. Therefore distant microphones further degrade the speaker verification performance due to intrinsic variability. Index Terms: speaker recognition, vocal effort, speaking style, intrinsic variation, furtive speech, interview speech, read speech, oration