Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legal rights of teachers and students

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Legal Framework of Public Education 2. Tort Liability 3. Church/State Relations 4. Instructional Issues 5. Student Expression, Association, and Appearance 6. Student Classifications 7. Rights of Students with Disabilities 8. Student Discipline 9. Terms and Conditions of Employment 10. Teachers' Substantive Constitutional Rights 11. Discrimination in Employment 12. Termination of Employment 13. Summary of Legal Generalizations Glossary Selected Supreme Court Decisions
TVDSEC: Trusted Virtual Domain Security

Virtualisation is one of the important technologies for the realisation of cloud computing. A Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) is an additional software layer which has complete control on the physical resources and enables to run multiple operating systems on a scalable computer. Recently some of the techniques have been proposed to develop Trusted Virtual domains. A trusted virtual domain (TVD) enables grouping of related virtual machines running on separate physical machine into a single network domain with a unified security policy. In this paper we analyze the security issues related to TVD and propose security techniques to deal with the attacks in TVD.
Prediction on the very early afterglow of X-ray flashes

In the past two years, tremendous progress in understanding X-ray flashes has been made. Now it is widely believed that X-ray flashes and gamma-ray bursts are intrinsically the same, and that their very different peak energy and flux may be merely due to our different viewing angles to them. Here we analytically calculate the very early afterglow of X-ray flashes, i.e. the reverse shock emission powered by the outflows interacting with the interstellar medium. Assuming z similar to 0.3, we have shown that typically the R-band flux of reverse shock emission can be bright to similar to16-17th magnitude (the actual values are model-dependent and sensitive to the initial Lorentz factor of the viewed ejecta). That emission is bright enough to be detected by the telescope on work today such as Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE-III) or the upcoming Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) carried by the Swift satellite, planned for launch in late 2004.
Essential Coding Theory Problem Set 2

Problems 1. Prove the noiseless coding theorem, and its converse. (But don't turn in.) 2. Consider a Markovian source of bits, where the source consists of a 6-cycle with three successive vertices outputing 0, and three successive vertices outputting 1, with the probability of either going left (or right) from any vertex is exactly 1/2. Compute the rate of this source. (I expect an ab initio argument. Hopefully this will motivate you to look up Shannon's general method for computing the rate of a Markovian source.) 3. Consider a binary channel whose input/output alphabet is {0, 1}, where a 0 is transmitted faithfully as a 0 (with probability 1), but a 1 is transmitted as a 0 with probability 1 2 and a 1 with probability 1/2. Compute the capacity of this channel. (You should prove this from scratch using only simple probabilistic facts already stated/used in class-not by referring to tools gleaned from other courses in information theory. For partial credit, you may just prove a lower bound on the capacity. The higher your bound, the more the credit.) 4. If there is a constructive solution to Shannon's noisy coding theorem with E being a linear map, then show that there is a constructive solution to Shannon's noiseless coding theorem in the case where the source produces a sequence of independent bits of bias p. Clarifications: (a) The encoding and decoding functions used in the noiseless theorem should be polynomial time computable, if the corresponding functions are polynomial time computable in the noisy theorem. (b) The compression rate in the noiseless coding theorem should be arbitrarily close to H(p), assuming the rate of the encoding function in the coding theorem can be made arbitrarily close to 1 − H(p).
NeTS-NOSS : Algorithms & System Support for Data Integrity in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in the observation of physical phenomena. Indeed, they offer no less than a new type of instrument with the potential of advancing knowledge by monitoring the world at unprecedented scales and resolutions to reveal previously unobservable details. However, for this to happen, it is crucial that one be able to trust that the information from a sensor network is of sustained high quality. While recent research has led to tremendous progress in the enabling platforms and technologies, the issue of integrity of sensed information has received little attention. There is both a lack of systematic understanding of the causes of integrity compromise, and a lack of algorithms and system support to cope with them. As a result, current systems are too fragile for sustained operation without excessive manual supervision and close involvement by the designers themselves.
Hilbert-curve based cryptographic transformation scheme for protecting data privacy on outsourced private spatial data

The study on spatial database outsourcing has been spotlighted with the development of cloud computing. Therefore, researches for protecting location data privacy in outsourced database have been studied. However, the existing spatial transformation schemes are vulnerable to naïve attack models. The existing cryptographic transformation scheme provides high data privacy, but it causes the high query processing cost. To solve these problems, in this paper we propose a Hilbert-curve based cryptographic transformation scheme to protect data privacy and to improve the efficiency of the query processing in outsourced databases. The proposed scheme reduces the communication cost for query processing since we perform a local clustering based on the order of Hilbert-curve. Finally, we show from performance analysis that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme.
A State-Based Approach to Testing Aspect-Oriented Programs

This paper presents a state-based approach to testing aspect-oriented programs. Aspectual state models, as an extension to the testable FREE state model of classes, are exploited to capture the impact of aspects on the state models of classes. To generate test suites for adequately testing object behavior and interaction between classes and aspects in terms of message sequences, we transform an aspectual state model to a transition tree, where each path from the root to some leaf node indicates a template of test cases, i.e. message sequences. Since the statebased approach is directly built upon the test design patterns for object-oriented programs, it is not only applicable to the simultaneous development of classes and aspects, but also to the incremental development of aspects based on the existing classes.
Digital compensation method for the path delay mismatches in GRO-TDC

The digital compensation method for path delay mismatches in time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on gated-ring oscillator (GRO) is proposed and demonstrated. The output of the GRO is digitized by the combination of a counter and a phase-to-digital converter producing an integer and a fractional digital value, respectively. Due to the delay mismatches between two paths, the integer and fractional digital values are not synchronized thereby causing calculation errors. In order to reduce the errors, a correction bit is generated and then the erroneous output is fixed based on the correction bit by the additional but simple digital circuits. Measurement results show that many calculation errors are corrected by the proposed compensation method reducing the quantization noise power by 10dB at high frequency offset.
Association of estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration and pregnancy achievement in IVF: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of the association between estradiol (E2) levels on the day of hCG administration and pregnancy achievement in IVF has so far yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the above association in cycles down-regulated with GnRH analogues. METHODS Literature search was performed using Medline, Embase (1978-2004) and the Cochrane Library. Additionally, references of retrieved articles were hand-searched. Only full articles published in peer-reviewed medical journals were considered for analysis. RESULTS All the eligible studies (n=9) involved the use of GnRH agonists and were retrospective. Two studies (including 191 patients) suggested that the higher the E2 levels on the day of hCG administration, the higher the probability of pregnancy. However, five studies (including 1875 patients), did not support an association between E2 levels on the day of hCG administration and pregnancy rates. Moreover, two of the studies including (1286 patients) suggested that high E2 levels on the day of hCG administration are associated with a decreased probability of pregnancy. If we consider only studies in which criteria used for administering hCG include follicular development but not E2 levels (including 2687 patients), there is no study suggesting a positive association between E2 levels on the day of hCG administration and pregnancy achievement. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is no high-quality evidence to support or deny the value of E2 determination on the day of hCG administration for pregnancy achievement in IVF cycles, where pituitary down-regulation is performed with GnRH agonists. Existing retrospective studies suggest that there is no positive association. However, in order to arrive at recommendations for clinical practice, there is a need to perform well-designed prospective studies in both agonist and antagonist cycles.
Modelos econometricos de capital humano y crecimiento economico: Efecto Inversion y otros efectos indirectos

Presentamos varios modelos econometricos con datos de panel internacionales, de Europa, America y Asia, que ponen de manifiesto el importante impacto positivo y significativo que el capital humano tiene sobre el desarrollo economico, a traves del efecto inversion y mediante otros efectos indirectos, e insistimos en la conveniencia de desarrollar politicas de cooperacion internacional que impulsen la educacion y el desarrollo a nivel mundial y en particular en los paises en vias de desarrollo. Otros efectos de nivel y tasa se analizan en el trabajo complementario de Neira(2003). We present several econometric models, with international panels of data from Europe, America and Asia, which show the important and significant positive impact that human capital has on economic development through the investment effect and other indirect impacts. We insist upon the convenience of fostering policies of international cooperation, for increasing education and world development, specially in less developed countries. Other effects, level and rate, are analysed in the supplementary paper by Neira(2003).
Managing Social Businesses: Mission, Governance, Strategy and Accountability

Management Challenges in Social Businesses PART I: THE CONCEPT: THE PRACTICE OF COMPLEX DECISION MAKING Managing at the Interface of Market and Civil Society Towards a 'Theory of Social Businesses' Framework for Complex Decision Making PART II: THE MISSION: BALANCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE MARKET The Origin of Tensions Decision Making despite Multiple Identities PART III: GOVERNANCE: BALANCE OF SOLIDARITY AND FUNCTION Resource Tension Areas Impact Tension Areas Leadership Tension Areas Motivation Tension Areas PART IV: STRATEGY: BALANCE OF PAST AND FUTURE Screening for Strategies Legitimization and Strategic Initiatives Strategy Portfolio PART V: ACCOUNTABILITY: BALANCE OF ACTION AND COMMUNICATION Accountability Work Bargaining Accountability Management for Solidarity
Hitting the Sweet Spot for Streaming Languages : Dynamic Expressivity with Static Optimization

Developers increasingly use stream processing languages to write applications that process large volumes of data with high throughput. Unfortunately, when choosing which stream processing language to use, they face a difficult choice. On the one hand, dynamically scheduled languages allow developers to write a wider range of applications, but cannot take advantage of many crucial optimizations. On the other hand, statically scheduled languages are extremely performant, but cannot express many important streaming applications. This paper presents the design of a hybrid scheduler for stream processing languages. The compiler partitions the streaming application into coarse-grained subgraphs separated by dynamic rate boundaries. It then applies static optimizations to those subgraphs. We have implemented this scheduler as an extension to the StreamIt compiler, and evaluated its performance against three scheduling techniques used by dynamic systems: OS thread, demand, and no-op. Our scheduler not only allows the previously static version of StreamIt to run dynamic rate applications, but it outperforms the three dynamic alternatives. This demonstrates that our scheduler strikes the right balance between expressivity and performance for stream processing languages.
Reduced Deforestation and Economic Growth

The clearing of forests for agricultural land and other marketable purposes is a well-trodden path of economic development. With these private benefits from deforestation come external costs: emissions from deforestation currently account for 12 per cent of global carbon emissions. A widespread intervention in reducing emissions from deforestation will affect the paths of agricultural expansion and economic growth of lower income nations. To investigate these processes, this paper presents a general, dynamic, stochastic model of deforestation and economic growth. The model is shown to generate unique deforestation and investment paths and a model without reduced deforestation policy is shown to have a stationary distribution of income and landholdings. There are three main findings. First, in the short run national output growth falls with compensation for reduced deforestation. Second, deforestation rates are reduced through compensating either reduced deforestation directly or the stock of forests; however, compensating the stock of forests is likely to be prohibitively expensive. Finally, by offering a fixed compensation rate, as opposed to a compensation rate tied to a stochastic carbon price, further reductions in deforestation can be achieved.
Decision optimization for GASP IV simulation models

This paper describes an optimization module which can be added to the GASP IV software package to provide automated optimization of a set of user defined decision variables. The optimization procedure is a variation of the Hooke-Jeeves pattern search and can be used for decision optimization in discrete, continuous, and combined simulation models. The application of the optimization module is illustrated with two examples.
A Probabilistic Signature Scheme to Provide Authentication Through a Hash Chain

In this paper, we propose and analyze a two dimensional scheme of hash sequence. The proposed structure can be applied to every protocol using hashed value for providing authentication in a route. For example, this work can be considered as an extension to SEAD (secure efficient ad hoc distance vector routing) to prevent same distance fraud problem in this kind of secure routing. Two dimensional hash chains in this scenario serve as a kind of signature for authentication and defending against attacks on the integrity of routing data. Since our proposed scheme employs a probabilistic signature assignment, it is sensitive to sign-forging. Our main concern is to obtain sign-forging probability. To provide a general view, we have considered the problem in a mobility condition.
Considering value of information when using CFD in design

This thesis presents an approach to find lower resolution CFD models that can accurately lead a designer to a correct decision at a lower computational cost. High-fidelity CFD models often contain too much information and come at a higher computational cost, limiting the designs a designer can test and how much optimization can be performed on the design. Lower model resolution is commonly used to reduce computational time. However there are no clear guidelines on how much model accuracy is required. Instead experience and intuition are used to select an appropriate lower resolution model. This thesis presents an alternative to this ad hoc method by considering the added value of the addition information provided by increasing accurate and more computationally expensive models.
Duplicate Video Detection-Comparison of Proposed Distance Function with Dynamic Time Warping and Dependence of Detection Accuracy on Keyframe Selection

The problem we are considering here is duplicate video detection. We have a database of N videos and we store compact signatures, called fingerprints, for each of them. When a query video is presented, the system first returns the top-K most closely matched videos. Then, a more detailed search is performed among the top-K retrieved model videos to obtain the best match. Finally, a separate module is used to confirm whether the best matched video is indeed a duplicate. A complete overview of our duplicate detection framework is shown in Fig. 1. In this write-up, we focus on two aspects:
Aberrant expression of homeobox gene SIX1 in Hodgkin lymphoma

In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) we recently identified deregulated expression of homeobox genes MSX1 and OTX2 which are physiologically involved in development of the embryonal neural plate border region. Here, we examined in HL homeobox gene SIX1 an additional regulator of this embryonal region mediating differentiation of placodal precursors. SIX1 was aberrantly activated in 12 % of HL patient samples in silico, indicating a pathological role in a subset of this B-cell malignancy. In addition, SIX1 expression was detected in HL cell lines which were used as models to reveal upstream factors and target genes of this basic developmental regulator. We detected increased copy numbers of the SIX1 locus at chromosome 14q23 correlating with enhanced expression while chromosomal translocations were absent. Moreover, comparative expression profiling data and pertinent gene modulation experiments indicated that the WNT-signalling pathway and transcription factor MEF2C regulate SIX1 expression. Genes encoding the transcription factors GATA2, GATA3, MSX1 and SPIB – all basic lymphoid regulators - were identified as targets of SIX1 in HL. In addition, cofactors EYA1 and TLE4, respectively, contrastingly mediated activation and suppression of SIX1 target gene expression. Thus, the protein domain interfaces may represent therapeutic targets in SIX1-positive HL subsets. Collectively, our data reveal a gene regulatory network with SIX1 centrally deregulating lymphoid differentiation and support concordance of lymphopoiesis/lymphomagenesis and developmental processes in the neural plate border region.
Shape-based human detection for threat assessment

Detection of intrusions for early threat assessment requires the capability of distinguishing whether the intrusion is a human, an animal, or other objects. Most low-cost security systems use simple electronic motion detection sensors to monitor motion or the location of objects within the perimeter. Although cost effective, these systems suffer from high rates of false alarm, especially when monitoring open environments. Any moving objects including animals can falsely trigger the security system. Other security systems that utilize video equipment require human interpretation of the scene in order to make real-time threat assessment. Shape-based human detection technique has been developed for accurate early threat assessments for open and remote environment. Potential threats are isolated from the static background scene using differential motion analysis and contours of the intruding objects are extracted for shape analysis. Contour points are simplified by removing redundant points connecting short and straight line segments and preserving only those with shape significance. Contours are represented in tangent space for comparison with shapes stored in database. Power cepstrum technique has been developed to search for the best matched contour in database and to distinguish a human from other objects from different viewing angles and distances.
Awakened by Cellular Stress: Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Population of Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Human Adipose Tissue

Advances in stem cell therapy face major clinical limitations, particularly challenged by low rates of post-transplant cell survival. Hostile host factors of the engraftment microenvironment such as hypoxia, nutrition deprivation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species can each contribute to unwanted differentiation or apoptosis. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new population of adipose tissue (AT) derived pluripotent stem cells, termed Multilineage Differentiating Stress-Enduring (Muse) Cells, which are isolated using severe cellular stress conditions, including long-term exposure to the proteolytic enzyme collagenase, serum deprivation, low temperatures and hypoxia. Under these conditions, a highly purified population of Muse-AT cells is isolated without the utilization of cell sorting methods. Muse-AT cells grow in suspension as cell spheres reminiscent of embryonic stem cell clusters. Muse-AT cells are positive for the pluripotency markers SSEA3, TR-1-60, Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2, and can spontaneously differentiate into mesenchymal, endodermal and ectodermal cell lineages with an efficiency of 23%, 20% and 22%, respectively. When using specific differentiation media, differentiation efficiency is greatly enhanced in Muse-AT cells (82% for mesenchymal, 75% for endodermal and 78% for ectodermal). When compared to adipose stem cells (ASCs), microarray data indicate a substantial up-regulation of Sox2, Oct3/4, and Rex1. Muse-ATs also exhibit gene expression patterns associated with the down-regulation of genes involved in cell death and survival, embryonic development, DNA replication and repair, cell cycle and potential factors related to oncogenecity. Gene expression analysis indicates that Muse-ATs and ASCs are mesenchymal in origin; however, Muse-ATs also express numerous lymphocytic and hematopoietic genes, such as CCR1 and CXCL2, encoding chemokine receptors and ligands involved in stem cell homing. Being highly resistant to severe cellular stress, Muse-AT cells have the potential to make a critical impact on the field of regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy.
Speedup in Measuring the Effective Bottleneck Bandwidth of an End-to-End Path in Internet

A new scheme is proposed to speed up a known bandwidth measuring method which employs potential bandwidth for filtering out noiscs (in cstirna60nl from time compression caused by a packet queueing ahead of two probe packets. Instead of inerementing the potential bandwidth by a fixed amount as in the original method we increase the potential bandwidth exponentially for faster convergence. To retain its filtering capability as well as its agility to adapt to new bottleneck bandwidth, each trial potential bandwidth(PB) is adjusted using MAX and MIN as upper bound and lower bound. An experiment using known bandwidths shows 45~g9% improvement in conVergence time.