Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Documents at Hand: Learning from Paper to Improve Digital Technologies

In this paper the results of a two-year ethnographic study of the personal document management of 28 information workers is described. Both the paper and digital domain were taken into account during the study. The results reaffirmed that document management is strongly related to task management. Digital tools do not adequately support two important user needs related to task management, namely that documents should be embedded within meaningful (task-related) context information, and that they should be easily accessible for regrouping as the task goes on. In contrast, paper supports these needs very well. Following a discussion of personal document management using paper, email, and digital file folder structures, six implications are outlined for the design of digital document management systems that combine the advantages of both domains.
Omnidirectional Pedestrian Navigation for First Responders

It might be assumed that dead reckoning approaches to pedestrian navigation could address the needs of first responders, including fire fighters. However, conventional PDR approaches with body-mounted motion sensors can fail when used with the irregular walking patterns typical of urban search and rescue missions. In this paper, a technique using shoe-mounted sensors and inertial mechanization equations to directly calculate the displacement of the feet between footfalls is described. Zero-velocity updates (ZUPTs) at foot standstills limit the drift that would otherwise occur with inexpensive IMUs. We show that the technique is fairly accurate in terms of distance travelled and can handle many arbitrary manoevers, such as tight turns, side/back stepping and stair climbing.
Generating samples under a Wright-Fisher neutral model of genetic variation

A Monte Carlo computer program is available to generate samples drawn from a population evolving according to a Wright-Fisher neutral model. The program assumes an infinite-sites model of mutation, and allows recombination, gene conversion, symmetric migration among subpopulations, and a variety of demographic histories. The samples produced can be used to investigate the sampling properties of any sample statistic under these neutral models.
Fear of Intimacy Among Married and Divorced Persons in Association with Physical Abuse in Childhood

Abstract In the current study, we investigated the association between physical abuse in childhood (PAC) and the fear of intimacy (FOI) in partner relationships. A total of 178 people, divided into the divorced (/V = 70) and the married groups (N=108), completed the questionnaire. We were interested in the differences in the FOI in partner relationships among men and women, with PAC as well as no PAC. We investigated these differences within both groups as well as between the two groups. There was a higher FOI among individuals with PAC. There was also a higher FOI among divorced persons with PAC than among married persons with PAC. In view of the two groups, the divorced group has a higher FOI than the married group. In general, the study showed that men with PAC have a higher FOI than women with PAC.
The Axiom of Infinity and transformations j: V -> V

We suggest a new approach for addressing the problem of establishing an axiomatic foundation for large cardinals. An axiom asserting the existence of a large cardinal can naturally be viewed as a strong Axiom of Infinity. However, it has not been clear on the basis of our knowledge of ω itself, or of generally agreed upon intuitions about the true nature of the mathematical universe, what the right strengthening of the Axiom of Infinity is—which large cardinals ought to be derivable? It was shown in the 1960s by Lawvere that the existence of an infinite set is equivalent to the existence of a certain kind of structure-preserving transformation from V to itself, not isomorphic to the identity. We use Lawvere's transformation, rather than ω, as a starting point for a reasonably natural sequence of strengthenings and refinements, leading to a proposed strong Axiom of Infinity. A first refinement was discussed in later work by Trnkova–Blass, showing that if the preservation properties of Lawvere's tranformation are strengthened to the point of requiring it to be an exact functor , such a transformation is provably equivalent to the existence of a measurable cardinal. We propose to push the preservation properties as far as possible, short of inconsistency. The resulting transformation V → V is strong enough to account for virtually all large cardinals, but is at the same time a natural generalization of an assertion about transformations V → V known to be equivalent to the Axiom of Infinity.
Parasitism as the main factor shaping peptide vocabularies in current organisms

SUMMARY Self/non-self-discrimination by vertebrate immune systems is based on the recognition of the presence of peptides in proteins of a parasite that are not contained in the proteins of a host. Therefore, a reduction of the number of ‘words’ in its own peptide vocabulary could be an efficient evolutionary strategy of parasites for escaping recognition. Here, we compared peptide vocabularies of 30 endoparasitic and 17 free-living unicellular organisms and also eight multicellular parasitic and 16 multicellular free-living organisms. We found that both unicellular and multicellular parasites used a significantly lower number of different pentapeptides than free-living controls. Impoverished pentapeptide vocabularies in parasites were observed across all five clades that contain both the parasitic and free-living species. The effect of parasitism on a number of peptides used in an organism's proteins is larger than effects of all other studied factors, including the size of a proteome, the number of encoded proteins, etc. This decrease of pentapeptide diversity was partly compensated for by an increased number of hexapeptides. Our results support the hypothesis of parasitism-associated reduction of peptide vocabulary and suggest that T-cell receptors mostly recognize the five amino acids-long part of peptides that are presented in the groove of major histocompatibility complex molecules.
Eye Movements Modulate the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Word Processing

Active reading requires coordination between frequent eye movements (saccades) and short fixations in text. Yet, the impact of saccades on word processing remains unknown, as neuroimaging studies typically employ constant eye fixation. Here we investigate eye-movement effects on word recognition processes in healthy human subjects using anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography, psychophysical measurements, and saccade detection in real time. Word recognition was slower and brain responses were reduced to words presented early versus late after saccades, suggesting an overall transient impairment of word processing after eye movements. Response reductions occurred early in visual cortices and later in language regions, where they colocalized with repetition priming effects. Qualitatively similar effects occurred when words appeared early versus late after background movement that mimicked saccades, suggesting that retinal motion contributes to postsaccadic inhibition. Further, differences in postsaccadic and background-movement effects suggest that central mechanisms also contribute to postsaccadic modulation. Together, these results suggest a complex interplay between visual and central saccadic mechanisms during reading.
A Framework for Automatic Clustering of Parametric MIMO Channel Data Including Path Powers

We present a solution to the problem of identifying clusters from MIMO measurement data in a data window, with a minimum of user interaction. Conventionally, visual inspection has been used for the cluster identification. However this approach is impractical for a large amount of measurement data. Moreover, visual methods lack an accurate definition of a "cluster" itself. We introduce a framework that is able to cluster multi-path components (MPCs), decide on the number of clusters, and discard outliers. For clustering we use the K-means algorithm, which iteratively moves a number of cluster centroids through the data space to minimize the total difference between MPCs and their closest centroid. We significantly improve this algorithm by following changes: (i) as the distance metric we use the multi- path component distance (MCD), (ii) the distances are weighted by the powers of the MPCs. The implications of these changes result in a definition of a "cluster" itself that appeals to intuition. We assess the performance of the new algorithm by clustering real-world measurement data from an indoor big hall environment.
A CRF-based approach to automatic disfluency detection in a French call-centre corpus

In this paper, we present a Conditional Random Field based approach for automatic detection of edit disfluencies in a conversational telephone corpus in French. We define disfluency patterns using both linguistic and acoustic features to perform disfluency detection. Two related tasks are considered: the first task aims at detecting the disfluent speech portion proper or reparandum, i.e. the portion to be removed if we want to improve the readability of transcribed data ; in the second task, we aim at identifying also the corrected portion or repair which can be useful in follow-up discourse and dialogue analyses or in opinion mining. For these two tasks, we present comparative results as a function of the involved type of features (acoustic and/or linguistic). Generally speaking, best results are obtained by CRF models combining both acoustic and linguistic features.
Cosmology of neutrinos and extra-light particles after WMAP3

We study how present data probe standard and non-standard properties of neutrinos and the possible existence of new light particles, freely streaming or interacting, among themselves or with neutrinos. Our results include: at 99.9% C.L. ; that extra massless particles have abundance ΔNν = 2 ± 1 if freely streaming and ΔNν = 0 ± 1.3 if interacting; that three interacting neutrinos are disfavoured at about 4σ. We investigate the robustness of our results by fitting different subsets of data. We developed our own cosmological computational tools, somewhat different from the standard ones.
Expressed on Human Macrophages Receptor, a Pattern Recognition Receptor Up-Regulates Activity of the Mannose Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A

Inhaled particulates and microbes are continually cleared by a complex array of lung innate immune determinants, including alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs are unique cells with an enhanced capacity for phagocytosis that is due, in part, to increased activity of the macrophage mannose receptor (MR), a pattern recognition receptor for various microorganisms. The local factors that “shape” AM function are not well understood. Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a major component of lung surfactant, partic-ipates in the innate immune response and can enhance phagocytosis. Here we show that SP-A selectively enhances MR expression on human monocyte-derived macrophages, a process involving both the attached sugars and collagen-like domain of SP-A. The newly expressed MR is functional. Monocyte-derived macrophages on an SP-A substrate demonstrated enhanced pinocytosis of mannose BSA and phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan-coated microspheres. The newly expressed MR likely came from intracellular pools because: 1) up-regulation of the MR by SP-A occurred by 1 h, 2) new protein synthesis was not necessary for MR up-regulation, and 3) pinocytosis of mannose BSA via MR recycling was increased. AMs from SP-A (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice have reduced MR expression relative to SP-A (cid:2) / (cid:2) . SP-A up-regulation of MR activity provides a mechanism for enhanced phagocytosis of microbes by AMs, thereby enhancing lung host defense against extracellular pathogens or, paradoxically, enhancing the potential for intracellular pathogens to enter their intracellular niche. SP-A contributes to the alternative activation state of the AM in the lung. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA) 20 h before staining (5). To determine whether new protein synthesis was in- volved in MR up-regulation, 10 (cid:3) g/ml cycloheximide (CHX) was added to select wells for 60 min before addition of SP-A. To determine whether LPS was contributing to the response, LPS at double the highest level found in the SP-A preparations (15 ng/ml) was added to select wells. Additionally, in some experiments, the LPS neutralizer PMB (5 (cid:3) g/ml) (32) was added to 30 min or simultaneous with SP-A. Because the were the with both were
Sign Boundaries in American Sign Language

Two experiments addressed these questions: Do deaf signers agree on the location of sign boundaries in American Sign Language? and Where in time are the boundaries located? First 35 ASL sign sequences were edited out of sentence contexts and slowed to 1/10 normal speed. Six deaf observers judged the beginning and ending of a test sign in each videotaped sequence. The observers agreed on the location of sign boundaries and relied on changes in facial expression, hand configuration, or manual movement differences as visual cues for the boundaries. Second, hearing subjects judged the same videotape sequences. Comparing results indicated that the deaf subjects were using linguistic knowledge of ASL and not a general perceptual strategy when making judgments of the location of sign boundaries.
Toward effective automated weighted subject indexing: A comparison of different approaches in different environments

Subject indexing plays an important role in supporting subject access to information resources. Current subject indexing systems do not make adequate distinctions on the importance of assigned subject descriptors. Assigning numeric weights to subject descriptors to distinguish their importance to the documents can strengthen the role of subject metadata. Automated methods are more cost‐effective. This study compares different automated weighting methods in different environments. Two evaluation methods were used to assess the performance. Experiments on three datasets in the biomedical domain suggest the performance of different weighting methods depends on whether it is an abstract or full text environment. Mutual information with bag‐of‐words representation shows the best average performance in the full text environment, while cosine with bag‐of‐words representation is the best in an abstract environment. The cosine measure has relatively consistent and robust performance. A direct weighting method, IDF (Inverse Document Frequency), can produce quick and reasonable estimates of the weights. Bag‐of‐words representation generally outperforms the concept‐based representation. Further improvement in performance can be obtained by using the learning‐to‐rank method to integrate different weighting methods. This study follows up Lu and Mao (Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66, 1776–1784, 2015), in which an automated weighted subject indexing method was proposed and validated. The findings from this study contribute to more effective weighted subject indexing.
Linking parent input and child receptivity to symbolic gestures

This study explored the relation between parents’ production of gestures and symbolic play during free play and children’s production and comprehension of symbolic gestures. Thirty-one 16- to 22-month-olds and their parents participated in a free play session. Children also participated in a forced-choice novel gesture-learning task. Parents’ pretend play with objects in hand was predictive of children’s gesture production during play and gesture vocabulary according to parental report. No relationship was found between parent gesture and child performance on the forced-choice gesture-learning task, although children’s performance was negatively correlated with their verbal vocabulary size. These data suggest a strong link between parental input and the children’s use of gestures as symbols, although not a direct link from parent gesture to child gesture. The data also suggest that children’s overall expectations that gestures can be symbols is unaffected by parental input, and highlight the possibility that children play a role in transforming the symbolic play behaviors that they observe into communicative signals.
Comparison of clustering algorithms in the context of software evolution

To aid software analysis and maintenance tasks, a number of software clustering algorithms have been proposed to automatically partition a software system into meaningful subsystems or clusters. However, it is unknown whether these algorithms produce similar meaningful clusterings for similar versions of a real-life software system under continual change and growth. This paper describes a comparative study of six software clustering algorithms. We applied each of the algorithms to subsequent versions from five large open source systems. We conducted comparisons based on three criteria respectively: stability (Does the clustering change only modestly as the system undergoes modest updating? ), authoritative-ness (Does the clustering reasonably approximate the structure an authority provides? ) and extremity of cluster distribution (Does the clustering avoid huge clusters and many very small clusters? ). Experimental results indicate that the studied algorithms exhibit distinct characteristics. For example, the clusterings from the most stable algorithm bear little similarity to the implemented system structure, while the clusterings from the least stable algorithm has the best cluster distribution. Based on obtained results, we claim that current automatic clustering algorithms need significant improvement to provide continual support for large software projects.
Saving Sex for Later: developing a parent–child communication intervention to delay sexual initiation among young adolescents

Young adolescents in communities with high rates of early sexual initiation are at risk of multiple negative health outcomes. Although sex education programs for this age group are often controversial, surveys document that many mothers and fathers would appreciate guidance about how to discuss sexuality with their children. This paper presents an innovative strategy for reaching inner‐city parents and helping them communicate effectively with their preteen sons and daughters about the importance of delaying sexual initiation. Input from 38 focus groups with 109 youths and 64 parents was used to inform the development of an intervention, called Saving Sex for Later. This theoretically grounded intervention is designed for communities where adolescents are at high risk of initiating sex prior to or early in high school. It consists of three audio‐CDs that contain dramatic role‐model stories to help parents identify ‘teachable moments’ to talk with their sons and daughters about their values and expectations, set household rules and respond appropriately to both positive changes in their adolescents' development and warning signs of trouble. In addition to describing how community input informed the stories, a random sample of 133 parents from one school community was mailed the audio‐CDs. Feedback includes examples of how parents applied messages to talk with their children about changing bodies, changing relationships and reasons for delaying sexual initiation. The next steps include evaluating whether the intervention is effective in helping parents convey sexual abstinence messages and in supporting the delayed sexual initiation of their young adolescent children.
Lopsided spiral galaxies: evidence for gas accretion

We quantify the degree of lopsidedness for a sample of 149 galaxies observed in the near-infrared from the OSUBGS sample, and try to explain the physical origin of the observed disk lopsidedness. We confirm previous studies, but for a larger sample, that a large fraction of galaxies have significant lopsidedness in their stellar disks, measured as the Fourier amplitude of the m=1 component normalised to the average or m=0 component in the surface density. Late-type galaxies are found to be more lopsided, while the presence of m=2 spiral arms and bars is correlated with disk lopsidedness. We also show that the m=1 amplitude is uncorrelated with the presence of companions. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the generation of m=1 via different processes: galaxy tidal encounters, galaxy mergers, and external gas accretion with subsequent star formation. These simulations show that galaxy interactions and mergers can trigger strong lopsidedness, but do not explain several independent statistical properties of observed galaxies. To explain all the observational results, it is required that a large fraction of lopsidedness results from cosmological accretion of gas on galactic disks, which can create strongly lopsided disks when this accretion is asymmetrical enough.
A Generative Model of Terrain for Autonomous Navigation in Vegetation

Current approaches to off-road autonomous navigation are often limited by their ability to build a terrain model from sensor data. Available sensors make very indirect measurements of quantities of interest such as the supporting ground height and the location of obstacles, especially in domains where vegetation may hide the ground surface or partially obscure obstacles. A generative, probabilistic terrain model is introduced that exploits natural structure found in off-road environments to constrain the problem and use ambiguous sensor data more effectively. The model includes two Markov random fields that encode the assumptions that ground heights smoothly vary and terrain classes tend to cluster. The model also includes a latent variable that encodes the assumption that vegetation of a single type has a similar height. The model parameters can be trained by simply driving through representative terrain. Results from a number of challenging test scenarios in an agricultural domain reveal that exploiting the 3D structure inherent in outdoor domains significantly improves ground estimates and obstacle detection accuracy, and allows the system to infer the supporting ground surface even when it is hidden under dense vegetation.
A new algorithm for steady state load-shedding strategy

This paper deals with a steady state load-shedding strategy considering the effect of the demand priorities on the operation of the power system during emergencies. The load-shedding problem is solved by a new algorithm (the Alliance Algorithm) based on the “alliance among tribes” (a tribe or an alliance is a possible solution with a proximity degree to the optimum). The obtained results prove additional enhancements compared to other heuristic approaches. The case studies are carried out on 30 and 57 bus IEEE test networks.