Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear clustering-based support vector machine for large data sets

This paper presents a kernel clustering-based support vector machine (KCB-SVM) that generalizes the linear clustering-based support vector machine (CB-SVM) to solve nonlinear classification problems in a novel way. It can not only handles large data sets, but can also have nonlinear discriminant power. By introducing kernel clustering, KCB-SVM unifies the metrics in the clustering and training stages. Elaborately designed clustering features summarize all the information required for further clustering and training, which allows only one scan of the total data sets. Experiments on both artificial and real large data sets show that the KCB-SVM not only achieves better classification accuracy than random sampling, active learning and CB-SVM, but also retains the ability to handle large data sets.
Managing Open Innovation Projects with Impact

In our recent open innovation executive studies, we learned that open innovation is of strategic value for large firms and an important topic for C-level executives (Chesbrough and Brunswicker 2014, Bagherzadeh and Brunswicker 2015). Large firms increasingly invest in open innovation, and there is evidence that such investment may pay off and increase a company’s productivity. Open innovation comes in many forms (or modes): Bilateral partnerships, IP licensing contracts, innovation contests, communities, and so forth. We learn that firms increasingly experiment with more novel approaches that involve a larger variety of external actors and support collaboration and information exchange across various boundaries. However, engaging in open innovation is accompanied with uncertainty and ambiguity. Open innovation is not a one-way-street with strictly transactional relationships; it requires firms to share information and knowledge with external partners, often with the help of digital technologies. The degree and the mode of information exchange and knowledge sharing tend to vary in open innovation projects, and reduce a firm’s ability to maintain control over sensitive information and value-creation. This further complicates the situation for senior executives when trying to answer questions such as, “How can we manage the uncertainty and ambiguity of open innovation when solving strategic innovation problems? How does the particular choice of one of the open innovation modes – partnership, community, contest – affect our choice of coordinating the interaction with external open innovation actors to align the innovation activities with the firm’s strategic goals? ” This study seeks to answer such questions. To do so, our study team took a deep dive into multiple unique open innovation projects to provide a richer understanding of successful management practices.
Demographic Influences on Saving-Investment Balances in Developing and Developed Economies

This paper studies demographic differences between lower-income, less developed countries (the "South") and higher-income developed countries (the "North"). It analyzes the implications of heterogeneous demographic evolutions for aggregate saving-investment imbalances, exchange rates, and the resulting net capital flows between North and South. An optimistic perspective suggests that the North can run a current-account surplus sizable in relation to the Northern economy, thereby transferring large net amounts of financial capital to the South. This paper argues that an optimistic perspective is a plausible characterization of demographic influences on North-South capital flows in the historical period between 1950 and the mid-1970s. For historical decades after the 1970s and for the initial decades of the 21st century, however, a less optimistic perspective is appropriate. Demographic forces considered by themselves are likely to diminish rather than augment the flow of Northern saving to the South as a fraction of the Southern economy. The fundamental causes of these effects are shifts in relative demographics between the South and the North. The qualitative conclusion holds regardless of whether the demographic transition in Southern economies is somewhat faster and sooner or somewhat slower and delayed, regardless of whether growth in Southern total factor productivity is vigorous or weak, and regardless of whether cross-border goods substitutability is modest or strong. Public policy concerned with demographic trends in higher-income Northern nations should recognize that demographic asymmetries with lower-income Southern economies are unlikely, by themselves, to ease resolution of Northern macroeconomic difficulties caused by population aging.
Management of attentional resources in within‐modal and cross‐modal divided attention tasks: An fMRI study

In the present study, we were interested in distinguishing the cortical representations of within‐modal and cross‐modal divided attention tasks by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Sixteen healthy male subjects aged between 21 and 30 years underwent two within‐modal (auditory/auditory, visual/visual) and one cross‐modal (auditory/visual) divided attention task, as well as related selective attention control conditions. After subtraction of the corresponding control task the three divided attention tasks, irrespective of sensory modality, revealed significant activation in a predominantly right hemisphere network involving the prefrontal cortex, the inferior parietal cortex, and the claustrum. Under the cross‐modal condition, however, the frontal and parietal activation was more extended and more bilateral and there also was stronger right hemisphere activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and the thalamus. In comparison to the within‐modal conditions additional bilateral frontal and left inferior parietal activation was found for the cross‐modal condition. The supplementary fronto‐parietal, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus activation in the auditory/visual condition could be argued to reflect an additional demand for coordination of two ongoing cross‐modal cognitive processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two Point Minimum Cost Path Approach for CTA Coronary Centerline Extraction

In this work a minimum cost path approach is adopted to extract coronary artery centerlines from CTA data. The algorithm depends on the manual definition of the start and end point of the vessel. The cost image used in the minimal cost path approach is based on a vesselness measure and a smooth window function on intensity. In the majority of the cases the method was able to extract the centerlines successfully (overlap > 90%). Accuracy of the method is around two times the voxelsize of the datasets. To conclude, minimum cost path approaches have potential for coronary artery centerline extraction, but improvements, especially regarding the accuracy of the method, still need investigations.
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces endothelial cell injury by nitric oxide production through oxidative stress

Objective. To determine whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces endothelial cell injury by altering the production of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and exposed to LPC, LPC with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), LPC with antioxidants. LPC-induced cell injury and viability were determined using LDH and Resazurin assays. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results. LPC induced HUVEC injury in a concentration-dependent manner. LPC induced the overproduction of NO and ROS in HUVECs and LPC-induced HUVEC injury is significantly inhibited by the eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and the antioxidants (p < 0.05). Conclusions. These findings suggest that LPC induces the overproduction of NO, which may increase the oxidative stress on endothelial cells and lead to endothelial cell injury.
The effect of motion on IMRT – looking at interplay with 3D measurements

Clinical recommendations to address tumor motion management have been derived from studies dealing with simulations and 2D measurements. 3D measurements may provide more insight and possibly alter the current motion management guidelines. This study provides an initial look at true 3D measurements involving leaf motion deliveries by use of a motion phantom and the PRESAGE/DLOS dosimetry system. An IMRT and VMAT plan were delivered to the phantom and analyzed by means of DVHs to determine whether the expansion of treatment volumes based on known imaging motion adequately cover the target. DVHs confirmed that for these deliveries the expansion volumes were adequate to treat the intended target although further studies should be conducted to allow for differences in parameters that could alter the results, such as delivery dose and breathe rate.
Entry Timing and the Survival of Startup and Incumbent Firms in New Industries

Using a unique firm-level longitudinal data set of twenty-two diverse consumer and industrial industries started over the past century, we empirically consider whether firm and industry characteristics affect the relationship between firm survival and entry timing. While we find no survival advantage of being the first (or second) entrant into a new industry, we do find a “window of survival advantage. ” Being first in a new industry is less important to long-term survival than being among the first. Early entering large incumbents have relatively high survival rates, especially in less innovative industries. While they tend to survive longer in new industries that are highly innovative, small startups typically do better by following later. Large startups do well by entering less innovative new industries after the industry has been established. In contrast to popular wisdom, we conclude that large incumbents should not shy away from creating new industries.
SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT : A REVIEW OF COMPLEMENTARY ASSESSMENT MODELS

Assessment is considered by many to be an underdeveloped area in social work (Mattaini & Kirk, 1991). The lack of development is particularly acute in the area of spiritual assessment (Bullis, 1996; Sherwood, 1998). For instance, numerous studies have found that most social workers have received no training in the area of spiritual assessment (Bullis, 1996; Canda & Furman, 1999; Derezotes, 1995; Sheridan & Amato-von Hemert, 1999; Furman & Canda, 1994). The lack of attention devoted to spiritual assessment represents a significant oversight. Four issues, ontology, ethics, strengths, and autonomy will be discussed in brief to highlight the importance of spiritual assessment in social work. Spirituality is often central to clients’ personal ontology, meaning it may be the essence of their personhood. Spirituality may inform attitudes and practices in such areas as child rearing, diet, marriage, medical care, military participation, recreation, schooling, social interactions, as well as many other dimensions of life (DiBlasio, 1988; Rey, 1997). For one third of the general population, religion is the most important facet of their lives and over 50% consider it to be a very important aspect of their lives (Gallup & Lindsay, 1999; Walsh, 1999). Further, for African Americans, Hispanics, women, the elderly, the poor, and many other populations of significance to social workers, spirituality is even more salient (Gallup & Lindsay, 1999; Pargament, 1997). The provision of respectful services to these groups is often contingent upon practitioners’ awareness of clients’ spiritually based beliefs and practices. In order to provide effective services, social workers must develop some understanding of clients’ spiritual worldview. A second factor stems from the profession’s ethical mandates. Spirituality is often expressed in distinct traditions or faith-based cultures (Fellin, 2000; Talbot, 2000). The NASW Code of Ethics (1999) stipulates that social workers are to demonstrate competence and sensitivity toward faith based cultures (1.05b) and recognizes the strengths that exist among such groups (1.05a). Ethically sound practice entails obtaining the knowledge to exhibit spiritual sensitivity to clients.
The relationship between abnormalities of cognitive function and cerebral activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study.

Neuropsychological assessment of 16 clinically non-demented patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 16 age-matched controls revealed significantly (P < 0.05) impaired verbal fluency and picture recall in the ALS patients. On the basis of their verbal fluency scores, two subgroups of the ALS patients (five high, five low scores) and a different group of five age-matched controls then underwent positron emission tomographic (PET) measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Scans were performed in the resting state and while subjects performed stereotyped or freely selected movements of a joystick with their right hand. The pattern of cerebral activation associated with self-generated activity was determined by comparing the profile of rCBF during freely selected and stereotyped joystick movements. Statistical parametric mapping was used to determine significant differences in rCBF between the groups at rest and during activation. Regional cerebral blood flow at rest was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in the anterior cingulate cortex of both ALS subgroups in comparison with controls. The profile of cortical and subcortical activation during performance of freely selected joystick movements relative to stereotyped movements was abnormal in ALS patients: (i) ALS patients with a normal fluency score showed significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated rCBF responses in comparison with controls in the left medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) and the right and left parahippocampal gyri; (ii) ALS patients with impaired verbal fluency showed significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated rCBF responses in comparison with controls in the right and left medial prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 10), the rostral aspects of the right anterior cingulate cortex (areas 24 and 32), the right parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior thalamic nuclear complex; (iii) ALS patients with impaired verbal fluency showed significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated rCBF responses in comparison with patients with normal verbal fluency in the right parahippocampal gyrus, the anterior thalamic nuclear complex and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (area 24). Regional cerebral blood flow at rest in the right parahippocampal gyrus of ALS patients was significantly correlated with verbal fluency score (P = 0.01) and picture recall score (P = 0.01). Activation of the anterior thalamic nuclear complex in ALS patients was also significantly correlated with verbal fluency score (P = 0.001) and picture recall score (P = 0.01). The results show that abnormalities of function are present in regions along a limbo-thalamo-cortical pathway in some ALS patients during performance of a self-generated motor task. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mental Chronometry with Simple Linear Regression

Typically, mental chronometry is performed by means of introducing an independent variable postulated to affect selectively some stage of a presumed multistage process. However, the effect could be a global one that spreads proportionally over all stages of the process. Currently, there is no method to test this possibility although simple linear regression might serve the purpose. In the present study, the regression approach was tested with tasks (memory scanning and mental rotation) that involved a selective effect and with a task (word superiority effect) that involved a global effect, by the dominant theories. The results indicate (1) the manipulation of the size of a memory set or of angular disparity affects the intercept of the regression function that relates the times for memory scanning with different set sizes or for mental rotation with different angular disparities and (2) the manipulation of context affects the slope of the regression function that relates the times for detecting a target character under word and nonword conditions. These ratify the regression approach as a useful method for doing mental chronometry.
Role of TM4SF1 in regulating breast cancer cell migration and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transmembrane-4-l-six-family-1 (TM4SF1) on breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 invasion and apoptosis and its mechanism through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. METHODS siRNA-TM4SF1 and pcDNA-TM4SF1 plasma were constructed and then transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells respectively. Real time (RT)-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of TM4SF1 in each group. Also, matrigel method and Annexin V-FITC were used to detect the effect of TM4SF1 expression on MDA-MB-231 cell migration and apoptosis respectively. Besides, western blotting analyze was used to assay the effects of TM4SF1 expression on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway associated proteins expressions. RESULTS The results showed that after being transfected with siRNA-TM4SF1, TM4SF1 expression was significantly declined, while it was significantly increased after cells were transfected with pcDNA-TM4SF1 (P<0.05). Compared with the controls, TM4SF1 overexpression significantly contributed MDA-MB-231 cell migration but decreased apoptotic cells (P<0.05), which were opposite to the results when TM4SF1 was sliced in cells. Moreover, TM4SF1 slicing significantly decreased the expressions of phosphorylated (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-P70 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that TM4SF1 may be a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment and may loan insight into the mechanisms behind the development and metastasis of advanced breast cancer.
Structure of semantic information for prepaid smart metering

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) consists of smart meters which exchange information with network applications using Machine to Machine (M2M) technology over communication networks. In addition to functions for intelligent metering, smart meters provide also advanced features like fault and performance management, and prepaid functionality. The paper presents a model of semantic information required for prepayment and credit control, as well as for support of multiple tariffs for energy usage. The model identifies resources organized in a tree structure, which can be manipulated using the four REST (REpresentational State Transfer) operations. It provides a common view of semantic information for different network M2M applications.
The O-Mannosyltransferase PMT4 Is Essential for Normal Appressorium Formation and Penetration in Ustilago maydis[W][OA]

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PMT, KRE2/MNT1, and MNN1 mannosyltransferase protein families catalyze the steps of the O-mannosylation pathway, sequentially adding mannoses to target proteins. We have identified members of all three families and analyzed their roles in pathogenesis of the maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis. Furthermore, we have shown that PMT4, one of the three PMT family members in U. maydis, is essential for tumor formation in Zea mays. Significantly, PMT4 seems to be required only for pathogenesis and is dispensable for other aspects of the U. maydis life cycle. We subsequently show that the deletion of pmt4 results in a strong reduction in the frequency of appressorium formation, with the few appressoria that do form lacking the capacity to penetrate the plant cuticle. Our findings suggest that the O-mannosylation pathway plays a key role in the posttranslational modification of proteins involved in the pathogenic development of U. maydis. The fact that PMT homologs are not found in plants may open new avenues for the development of fungal control strategies. Moreover, the discovery of a highly specific requirement for a single O-mannosyltransferase should aid in the identification of the proteins directly involved in fungal plant penetration, thus leading to a better understanding of plant–fungi interactions.
Cognitive and Emotion Regulation Change Processes in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder.

UNLABELLED The objective of the study was to investigate variables, derived from both cognitive and emotion regulation conceptualizations of social anxiety disorder (SAD), as possible change processes in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for SAD. Several proposed change processes were investigated: estimated probability, estimated cost, safety behaviours, acceptance of emotions, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Participants were 50 patients with SAD, receiving a standard manualized CBT program, conducted in groups or individually. All variables were measured pre-therapy, mid-therapy and post-therapy. Lower level mediation models revealed that while a change in most process measures significantly predicted clinical improvement, only changes in estimated probability and cost and acceptance of emotions showed significant indirect effects of CBT for SAD. The results are in accordance with previous studies supporting the mediating role of changes in cognitive distortions in CBT for SAD. In addition, acceptance of emotions may also be a critical component to clinical improvement in SAD during CBT, although more research is needed on which elements of acceptance are most helpful for individuals with SAD. The study's lack of a control condition limits any conclusion regarding the specificity of the findings to CBT. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Change in estimated probability and cost, and acceptance of emotions showed an indirect effect of CBT for SAD. Cognitive distortions appear relevant to target with cognitive restructuring techniques. Finding acceptance to have an indirect effect could be interpreted as support for contemporary CBT approaches that include acceptance-based strategies.
Feedback Inhibition and Product Complexes of Recombinant Mouse Muscle Adenylosuccinate Synthetase*

Adenylosuccinate synthetase governs the committed step of AMP biosynthesis, the generation of 6-phosphoryl-IMP from GTP and IMP followed by the formation of adenylosuccinate from 6-phosphoryl-IMP and l-aspartate. The enzyme is subject to feedback inhibition by AMP and adenylosuccinate, but crystallographic complexes of the mouse muscle synthetase presented here infer mechanisms of inhibition that involve potentially synergistic ligand combinations. AMP alone adopts the productive binding mode of IMP and yet stabilizes the active site in a conformation that favors the binding of Mg2+-IMP to the GTP pocket. On the other hand, AMP, in the presence of GDP, orthophosphate, and Mg2+, adopts the binding mode of adenylosuccinate. Depending on circumstances then, AMP behaves as an analogue of IMP or as an analogue of adenylosuccinate. The complex of adenylosuccinate·GDP·Mg2+·sulfate, the first structure of an adenylosuccinate-bound synthetase, reveals significant geometric distortions and tight nonbonded contacts relevant to the proposed catalytic mechanism. Adenylosuccinate forms from 6-phosphoryl-IMP and l-aspartate by the movement of the purine ring into the α-amino group of l-aspartate.