Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior Model Controller Radar Based Observations DSRC Broadcasted Acceleration Profile DSRC

Traffic is not only a source of frustration but also a leading cause of death for people under 35 years of age. Recent research has focused on how driver assistance technologies can be used to mitigate traffic fatalities and create more enjoyable commutes. In this work, we consider cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) or platooning, a driver assistance technology that controls the speed of vehicles and inter-vehicle spacing. CACC equipped cars use radar to fine tune inter-vehicle spacing and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) to collaboratively accelerate and decelerate. Platooning can reduce fuel consumption by over 5% and increases the density of cars on a highway. Previous work on platooning has focused on proving string stability, which guarantees that the error between cars does not grow with the length of a platoon, but little work has considered the impact an attacker can have on a platoon. To design safe distributed controllers and networks it is essential to understand the possible attacks that could be mounted against platoons. In this work, we design a set of insider attacks and abnormal behaviors that occur in a platoon of cars. For example, we introduce the collision induction attack where an attacker exploits the platoon controller to cause a high-speed accident with the car following it. To mitigate these insider attacks we design a model-based detection scheme that leverages the broadcast nature of DSRC. Each car uses DSRC messages from other cars in the platoon to model the expected behavior of the car directly preceding it. If the expected behavior and actual behavior differ the monitoring vehicle switches to non-cooperative ACC, relying solely on radar, to mitigate the impact of the attack. We show that our detection scheme is able to detect many of our proposed insider attacks and when combined with a well designed ACC controller can avoid collisions. We propose combining our detection scheme with a global reputation scheme to detect when a car is malicious or needs maintenance. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from Permissions@acm.org. WiSec’15, June 22–26, 2015, New York, NY, USA. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. ACM 978-1-4503-3623-9/15/06 . $15.00. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1145/2766498.2766505.
Effect of Diurnal Fluctuating versus Constant Temperatures on Germination of 445 Species from the Eastern Tibet Plateau

Germination response to fluctuating temperatures is a mechanism by which seeds detect gaps in vegetation canopies and depth of burial in soil, and it is very important for plants. Thus, studies on the effect of fluctuating temperature on germination at the community level are valuable for understanding community structure and biodiversity maintenance. We determined the effects of two alternating temperatures (5/25°C and 10/20°C) and one constant temperature (15°C) on seed germination of 445 species in a grassland community on the eastern Tibet Plateau. Seed mass was determined for each species, and data on habitat, type of life cycle, altitudinal distribution and functional group (graminoids or forbs) were obtained from the literature. Taking all species into account, alternating temperatures increased germination percentages regardless of amplitude. Overall, species growing in disturbed ground showed a significant germination response to temperature fluctuation, but those living in Alpine/subalpine meadow, forest margin /scrub, marshland and dry sunny slope habitats did not. Species distributed only at high elevations (>2000m) did not show a significant germination response to temperature fluctuation, whereas those occurring at both high and low elevations had a significant positive response. Germination of annuals/biennials was significantly promoted by 5/25°C, but not by 10/20°C, whereas germination of perennials was significantly promoted by both 5/25°C and 10/20°C. Small-seeded species were more likely than large-seeded species to respond positively to fluctuating temperatures. Germination of forbs had a positive response to temperature fluctuation, but germination of graminoids did not. Regeneration ability by seeds for about 36% of the species studied in the grassland can be increased by temperature fluctuation. The differential response among species to alternating vs. constant temperatures helps maintain community structure and biodiversity. A positive germination response to temperature fluctuation can partly explain why there are more forbs in degraded meadows.
Performance analysis of the past, present and future indexing methods for spatio-temporal data

In spatio-temporal data, PPF (past, present and future) is used as one of the main indexing methods. Indexing methods are developed to effectively process the user query in many real-time and moving object management applications. Spatio-temporal based indexing methods are used to predict data in fleet management, traffic prediction, Radio frequency identification and sensor networks. Indexing methods are focused on four different directions: indexing past data, indexing present data, indexing future data and indexing past, present and future data (PPF). The past data is used for investigation and present data is used finding the current location of the moving objects and data, future data used to predict next data in spatio-temporal environments. This work presents a performance analysis of various PPF supported indexing methods. The analysis parameters of PPF are time complexity, supporting queries, integrated indexing methods, updating cost and query cost. The time complexity is based disk access, updating cost, access types, access times, insertion time, deletion time, and space overhead. Finally, this paper presents a comparison of various indexing methods with its parameters.
atz‐1 Influences meiosis to maintain germline chromosomal stability in Caenorhabditis elegans

Exchange of genetic information during meiosis occurs in all sexually reproducing species to produce haploid gametes from diploid cells. This process involves tight coordination of a meiotic specific cohesin complex, the synaptonemal complex, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. In this study, we describe a putative myosin heavy chain protein orthologous to human myosin 1, F28D1.2, which we named Abnormal Transition Zone (atz‐1). Deletion of atz‐1 results in embryonic lethality and a depleted transition zone, accompanied by reduced expression of the meiotic cohesin protein, REC‐8. atz‐1 mutants display disorganized and aggregated chromosomal bodies in diakinetic oocytes. In addition to this, atz‐1 mutants are hypersensitive to mild inhibition of DNA damage repair, suggesting that DNA replication in atz‐1 mutants is impaired. Moreover, the atz‐1 mutant phenotype is germline specific and resupplying somatically expressed atz‐1 does not rescue the reproductive defects associated with atz‐1 mutants. Overall, our data suggest that atz‐1 contributes to meiosis and maintains germline chromosomal stability.
Honey Bees Avoid Nectar Colonized by Three Bacterial Species, But Not by a Yeast Species, Isolated from the Bee Gut

The gut microflora of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, is receiving increasing attention as a potential determinant of the bees’ health and their efficacy as pollinators. Studies have focused primarily on the microbial taxa that appear numerically dominant in the bee gut, with the assumption that the dominant status suggests their potential importance to the bees’ health. However, numerically minor taxa might also influence the bees’ efficacy as pollinators, particularly if they are not only present in the gut, but also capable of growing in floral nectar and altering its chemical properties. Nonetheless, it is not well understood whether honey bees have any feeding preference for or against nectar colonized by specific microbial species. To test whether bees exhibit a preference, we conducted a series of field experiments at an apiary using synthetic nectar inoculated with specific species of bacteria or yeast that had been isolated from the bee gut, but are considered minor components of the gut microflora. These species had also been found in floral nectar. Our results indicated that honey bees avoided nectar colonized by the bacteria Asaia astilbes, Erwinia tasmaniensis, and Lactobacillus kunkeei, whereas the yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii did not affect the feeding preference of the insects. Our results also indicated that avoidance of bacteria-colonized nectar was caused not by the presence of the bacteria per se, but by the chemical changes to nectar made by the bacteria. These findings suggest that gut microbes may not only affect the bees’ health as symbionts, but that some of the microbes may possibly affect the efficacy of A. mellifera as pollinators by altering nectar chemistry and influencing their foraging behavior.
Role of HIV Infection Duration and CD4 Cell Level at Initiation of Combination Anti-Retroviral Therapy on Risk of Failure

Background The development of HIV drug resistance and subsequent virological failure are often cited as potential disadvantages of early cART initiation. However, their long-term probability is not known, and neither is the role of duration of infection at the time of initiation. Methods Patients enrolled in the UK Register of HIV seroconverters were followed-up from cART initiation to last HIV-RNA measurement. Through survival analysis we examined predictors of virologic failure (2HIV-RNA ≥400 c/l while on cART) including CD4 count and HIV duration at initiation. We also estimated the cumulative probabilities of failure and drug resistance (from the available HIV nucleotide sequences) for early initiators (cART within 12 months of seroconversion). Results Of 1075 starting cART at a median (IQR) CD4 count 272 (190,370) cells/mm3 and HIV duration 3 (1,6) years, virological failure occurred in 163 (15%). Higher CD4 count at initiation, but not HIV infection duration at cART initiation, was independently associated with lower risk of failure (p=0.033 and 0.592 respectively). Among 230 patients initiating cART early, 97 (42%) discontinued it after a median of 7 months; cumulative probabilities of resistance and failure by 8 years were 7% (95% CI 4,11) and 19% (13,25), respectively. Conclusion Although the rate of discontinuation of early cART in our cohort was high, the long-term rate of virological failure was low. Our data do not support early cART initiation being associated with increased risk of failure and drug resistance.
Population Structure and Dispersal Patterns within and between Atlantic and Mediterranean Populations of a Large-Range Pelagic Seabird

Dispersal is critically linked to the demographic and evolutionary trajectories of populations, but in most seabird species it may be difficult to estimate. Using molecular tools, we explored population structure and the spatial dispersal pattern of a highly pelagic but philopatric seabird, the Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea. Microsatellite fragments were analysed from samples collected across almost the entire breeding range of the species. To help disentangle the taxonomic status of the two subspecies described, the Atlantic form C. d. borealis and the Mediterranean form C. d. diomedea, we analysed genetic divergence between subspecies and quantified both historical and recent migration rates between the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins. We also searched for evidence of isolation by distance (IBD) and addressed spatial patterns of gene flow. We found a low genetic structure in the Mediterranean basin. Conversely, strong genetic differentiation appeared in the Atlantic basin. Even if the species was mostly philopatric (97%), results suggest recent dispersal between basins, especially from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean (aprox. 10% of migrants/generation across the last two generations). Long-term gene flow analyses also suggested an historical exchange between basins (about 70 breeders/generation). Spatial analysis of genetic variation indicates that distance is not the main factor in shaping genetic structure in this species. Given our results we recommend gathering more data before concluded whether these taxa should be treated as two species or subspecies.
Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic surface temperature: Connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and the Southern Oscillation

The 17‐year (1982–1998) trend in surface temperature shows a general cooling over the Antarctic continent, warming of the sea ice zone, with moderate changes over the oceans. Warming of the peripheral seas is associated with negative trends in the regional sea ice extent. Effects of the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) and the extrapolar Southern Oscillation (SO) on surface temperature are quantified through regression analysis. Positive polarities of the SAM are associated with cold anomalies over most of Antarctica, with the most notable exception of the Antarctic Peninsula. Positive temperature anomalies and ice edge retreat in the Pacific sector are associated with El‐Niño episodes. Over the past two decades, the drift towards high polarity in the SAM and negative polarity in the SO indices couple to produce a spatial pattern with warmer temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula and peripheral seas, and cooler temperatures over much of East Antarctica.
Involvement of a Gr2a-Expressing Drosophila Pharyngeal Gustatory Receptor Neuron in Regulation of Aversion to High-Salt Foods

Regulation of feeding is essential for animal survival. The pharyngeal sense organs can act as a second checkpoint of food quality, due to their position between external taste organs such as the labellum which initially assess food quality, and the digestive tract. Growing evidence provides support that the pharyngeal sensory neurons regulate feeding, but much is still unknown. We found that a pair of gustatory receptor neurons in the LSO, a Drosophila adult pharyngeal organ which expresses four gustatory receptors, is involved in feeding inhibition in response to high concentrations of sodium ions. RNAi experiments and mutant analysis showed that the gustatory receptor Gr2a is necessary for this process. This feeding preference determined by whether a food source is perceived as appetizing or not is influenced by nutritional conditions, such that when the animal is hungry, the need for energy dominates over how appealing the food source is. Our results provide experimental evidence that factors involved in feeding function in a context-dependent manner.
Ultrasonic Testing Validity of Porcelain Post Insulators

The results of ultrasonic testing depend on consistent degree of calibration between blocks and the tested objects.According to surface characteristics and defects status of porcelain post insulators,a series of similar porcelain calibration blocks with different defects were designed.while the probes were made with different frequencies and refractive angles.Then the blocks were tested by small angle longitudinal wave and creeping wave,in order to heighten reliability and validity of testing post porcelain insulators in service.The probes were made with different frequencies and refractive angles.Experimental results show that small angle longitudinal wave can detect internal defects sensitively,but it is interfered by porcelain sands seriously when detecting small surface defects.Creeping wave can detect surface defects sensitively ignoring effects of porcelain sands.Hence,small internal and surface defects of porcelain insulators can not be detected completely by single small angle longitudinal wave or creeping wave.Testing technique combining two methods is put forward to insure testing validity.
Weighted Frequent Subgraph Mining Using Affinity Weighing in Distributed Environment

Graph based data representations are getting popular in areas like bioinformatics, social networks, web data mining, etc. Extracting frequent subgraphs from a huge set of graphs is a fundamental task in numerous information mining applications. In areas such as mobile communication networks, social networks, etc. weighted graphs are more useful. More relevant and specific subgraphs are generated through weighted frequent subgraph mining. Most of the current techniques are memory-based and are not scalable. This work uses an existing distributed approach for Frequent Subgraph Mining using iterative MapReduce based framework and applies Affinity Weighing (AW) scheme to it, and compares it with Average Total Weighing (ATW) scheme.
Identification of potential drug targets for treatment of refractory epilepsy using network pharmacology

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disease after migraine, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Approximately one-third of all epilepsy cases are refractory to the existing anticonvulsants. Thus, there is an unmet need for newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to manage refractory epilepsy (RE). Discovery of novel AEDs for the treatment of RE further retards for want of potential pharmacological targets, unavailable due to unclear etiology of this disease. In this regard, network pharmacology as an area of bioinformatics is gaining popularity. It combines the methods of network biology and polypharmacology, which makes it a promising approach for finding new molecular targets. This work is aimed at discovering new pharmacological targets for the treatment of RE using network pharmacology methods. In the framework of our study, the genes associated with the development of RE were selected based on analysis of available data. The methods of network pharmacology were used to select 83 potential pharmacological targets linked to the selected genes. Then, 10 most promising targets were chosen based on analysis of published data. All selected target proteins participate in biological processes, which are considered to play a key role in the development of RE. For 9 of 10 selected targets, the potential associations with different kinds of epilepsy have been recently mentioned in the literature published, which gives additional evidence that the approach applied is rather promising.
Treatment plans and outcomes in elderly patients reaching advanced chronic kidney disease

Background Elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease require accurate outcome descriptions to make treatment decisions. Methods The PSPA [Parcours de soins des personnes âgées (Treatment pathways for elderly patients)] prospective multicentre cohort study included 573 such patients with a median age of 82 [interquartile range (IQR) 79-86] years and a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 14 (IQR 11-17) mL/min/1.73 m2 and studied their 5-year outcomes according to the dialysis component of their treatment plans. Results Mean follow-up for the overall cohort was 34.5 ± 21 months and the 5-year survival rate was 27%. During follow-up, 288 (50%) patients started dialysis and 237 (42%) died before dialysis. At baseline, the four possible dialysis plans were dialysis when needed (38%), stable without mention of a dialysis plan (40%) and dialysis specifically excluded by the patient's (9%) or nephrologist's decision (12%). These baseline plans were associated with death and dialysis start. Follow-up plans were those decided during the study period: dialysis when needed for 47%, stable without mention of a dialysis plan for 20% and dialysis excluded at any time for 32%. For the subgroup of patients who started dialysis, those whose follow-up plan was dialysis started under better conditions than those who had stable or no dialysis follow-up plans before starting. However, survival afterwards did not differ significantly. Conclusions These findings indicate that nephrology care should accommodate changes over time in older patients' treatment preferences and plans concerning dialysis. These changes are associated with whether, when and how these patients initiate dialysis but are not necessarily associated with post-dialysis survival.
On ${\mathcal H}_{\infty }$ Finite-Horizon Filtering Under Stochastic Protocol: Dealing With High-Rate Communication Networks

This paper is concerned with the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal H}_{\infty }$</tex-math> </inline-formula> filtering problem for a class of time-varying nonlinear delayed system under high-rate communication network and stochastic protocol (SP). The communication between the sensors and the state estimator is implemented via a shared high-rate communication network in which multiple transmissions are generated between two adjacent sampling instants of sensors. At each transmission instant, only one sensor is allowed to get access to the communication network in order to avoid data collisions and the SP is employed to determine which sensor obtains access to the network at a certain instant. The mapping technology is applied to characterize the randomly switching behavior of the data transmission resulting from the utilization of the SP. The aim of the problem addressed is to design an estimator such that the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal H}_{\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed for the estimation error dynamics over a given finite horizon. Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of the finite-horizon filter satisfying the prescribed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal H}_{\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance requirement, and the explicit expression of the time-varying filter gains is characterized by resorting to a set of recursive matrix inequalities. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filter design scheme.
Concept Negation in Free Text Components of Vaccine Safety Reports

Large amounts of information are locked up in free text components of clinical reports. Surveillance systems that monitor adverse events following immunizations (AEFI) can utilize these components after concept extraction using natural language processing (NLP). Specifically, our method for the identification and filtering of negated concepts using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) potentially improves the quality of AEFI surveillance systems.