Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tableau Switching: Algorithms and Applications

We define and characterizeswitching, an operation that takes two tableaux sharing a common border and “moves them through each other” giving another such pair. Several authors, including James and Kerber, Remmel, Haiman, and Shimozono, have defined switching operations; however, each of their operations is somewhat different from the rest and each imposes a particular order on the switches that can occur. Our goal is to study switching in a general context, thereby showing that the previously defined operations are actually special instances of a single algorithm. The key observation is that switches can be performed in virtually any order without affecting the final outcome. Many known proofs concerning the jeu de taquin, Schur functions, tableaux, characters of representations, branching rules, and the Littlewood? Richardson rule use essentially the same mechanism. Switching provides a common framework for interpreting these proofs. We relate Schutzenberger's evacuation procedure to switching and in the process obtain further results concerning evacuation. We definereversal, an operation which extends evacuation to tableaux of arbitrary skew shape, and apply reversal and related mappings to give combinatorial proofs of various symmetries of Littlewood? Richardson coefficients.
Tandem translation starts in the cheA locus of Escherichia coli

The cheA locus of Escherichia coli encodes two protein products, CheAL and CheAS. The nucleotide sequences of the wild-type cheA locus and of two nonsense alleles confirmed that both proteins are translated in the same reading frame from different start points. These start sites were located on the coding sequence by direct determination of the amino-terminal sequences of the two CheA proteins. Both starts are flanked by inverted repeats that may play a role in regulating the relative expression rates of the CheA proteins through alternative mRNA secondary structures.
Phytolith assemblages in grasses native to central Argentina.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phytolith reference collections are a prerequisite for accurate interpretation of soil phytolith assemblages aimed at reconstructing past vegetation. In this study a phytolith reference collection has been developed for several grasses native to central Argentina: Poa ligularis, Piptochaetium napostaense, Stipa clarazii, Stipa tenuis, Stipa tenuissima, Stipa eriostachya, Stipa ambigua, Stipa brachychaeta, Pappophorum subbulbosum, Digitaria californica, Bothriochloa edwardsiana and Aristida subulata. METHODS For each species, phytoliths present in the leaf blades were classified into 47 morphotypes, and their relative frequency determined by observing 300-400 phytoliths per sample (n = 5). Data were analyzed by complete linkage cluster analysis, using the Morisita Index as measure of association. KEY RESULTS The results showed differentiation among phytolith assemblages at species level or at plant functional type level. Cluster analysis separated C3 from C4 species and palatable from non-palatable species. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the possibility of reconstructing past vegetation in central Argentina grasslands through the analysis of soil phytolith assemblages.
Great Appreciations: Accounting for the Real Exchange Rate in Mexico, 1988-2002

Between 1988 and 2002, the real exchange rate in Mexico appreciated by 45%. We account for this movement in relative prices using a two sector, dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy with tradable an non-tradable goods. The model allows us to identify the effect of the differential in productivity growth across sectors (the Balassa-Samuelson effect) from other types of shocks affecting the allocation of resources (terms of trade, migration remittances and international reserves accumulation). We find that productivity growth in the tradable sector and a decline in the real interest rate faced by Mexico in the international markets account for 70% of the real exchange rate appreciation. Our model is also consistent with the reallocation of capital and labor from tradable to non-tradable sectors. None of our results support a significant role for terms of trade, migration remittances or international reserves accumulation.
Mechanisms of radial glia progenitor cell lineage progression

The mammalian cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as perception, consciousness, and acquiring and processing information. The neocortex is organized into six distinct laminae, each composed of a rich diversity of cell types which assemble into highly complex cortical circuits. Radial glia progenitors (RGPs) are responsible for producing all neocortical neurons and certain glia lineages. Here, we discuss recent discoveries emerging from clonal lineage analysis at the single RGP cell level that provide us with an inaugural quantitative framework of RGP lineage progression. We further discuss the importance of the relative contribution of intrinsic gene functions and non‐cell‐autonomous or community effects in regulating RGP proliferation behavior and lineage progression.
Uyghur noun suffix Finite State Machine for stemming

In this paper, we report on the generation of Uyghur Noun Suffix DFA generation for a stemming algorithm. Because of the agglutinative nature of Uyghur language, stemming is an essential task for Uyghur language processing applications. In Uyghur, the suffixes are affixed to the stem according to definite ordering rules. The agglutinative and rule-based nature of word formations in Uyghur allows modeling of the morphological structure of language in Finite State Machines (FSMs). In this study, FSM is formed by using the morphotactic rules in reverse order. This paper describes the steps of forming the reverse ordered Uyghur language noun suffix FSM.
Feature Ontology for Improved Learning from Large-Dimensional Disease-Specific Heterogeneous Data

Nowadays, ontologies and machine learning constitute two major technologies for domain-specific knowledge extraction. While the aim of these two technologies is the same - the extraction of useful knowledge - little is known about how the two sources of knowledge can be integrated. This problem is especially important for biomedicine where relevant data are often naturally complex having large dimensionality and including heterogeneous features. In this paper we propose an approach for improving the performance of machine learning by integrating the knowledge provided by ontologies for large-dimensional disease-specific heterogeneous data. The basic idea is to redefine the concept of similarity by incorporating available ontological knowledge. Benefits and difficulties of this integration are discussed and an example from the field of paediatric cardiology is described.
Model reduction for high-order port-Hamiltonian systems. Application to piezo-electric systems

This paper illustrates a novel model reduction procedure for port-Hamiltonian systems able to preserve the frequency behavior of the original system in a neighborhood of a predefined set of frequencies of interest. This research is part of a wider activity carried out in collaboration with Tetra Pak concerning the modelling and simulation of the Ultrasonic Sealing System (USTS). Due to the presence of a Compact Transducer (CT) that can be modelled only by means of commercial finite element CAE software, which provide extremely high-order dynamical systems, it is not possible to perform a simulation of the complete system to test the validity of the controller and perform the diagnosis of the sealing process in detail. The proposed procedure drastically reduces the simulation time without loosing the essential dynamical information. The model reduction algorithm is validated, at first, by means of a simple benchmark (a beam with a pair of piezo-electric actuators on both sides) and then applied to one piezo-electric actuator of the CT. The application to the whole system is still under development.
Understanding class hierarchies with KABA

KABA is a prototype implementation of the Snelting/Tip analysis [2, 3] for JAVA. KABA combines data ow analysis, type inference and concept lattices in order to perform a negrained analysis of member-access patterns in a class hierarchy together with a given set of applications. KABA computes a transformed hierarchy which is guaranteed to be 1. operationally equivalent, 2. maximally factorized, 3. minimal. The new hierarchy in particular makes obvious which classes can be splitted and which cannot; which inheritance relations must be retained and which can be discarded. The paper presents several case studies on medium-sized JAVA programs.
Hyperperfusion and Enhancement in Dynamic Computed Tomography of Ischemic Stroke Patients

The passage of contrast medium was observed using serial computed tomography (CT) in 24 stroke patients. Density time profiles of various brain regions were plotted. In normal brain tissue. X-ray attenuation showed a maximum increase during the arterial phase 016.4 to 11.0% and was 2.8 to 2.2% above control during stable distribution. In hypoperfusion, increase in attenuation was always below 10% in the arterial phase, while In hypoperfusion was characterized by an attenuation increase of 25 to 70%. Enhancement was defined by a density increase of 16.8 to 14.8% and a tissue blood ratio between and 60%. An attempt was made to establish a relationship between the serial CT pattern and the prognosis. Enhancement tended to indicate severe morphological changes followed by permanent neurological deficit, whereas hyperperfusion was generally an indicator of probable recovers.
A New Motivation Framework for Cellular Traffic Offloading N

Cellular networks (e.g., 3G) are currently facing severe traffic overload problems caused by excessive traffic demands. Offloading part of the cellular traffic through other forms of networks, such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) and WiFi hotspots, is a promising solution. However, since these networks can only provide intermittent connectivity to mobile users, utilizing them for cellular traffic offloading may result in a nonnegligible delay. As the delay increases, the users’ satisfaction decreases. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between the amount of traffic being offloaded and the users’ satisfaction. We provide a novel incentive framework to motivate users to leverage their delay tolerance for cellular traffic offloading. To minimize the incentive cost given an offloading target, users with high delay tolerance and large offloading potential should be prioritized for traffic offloading. To effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of users’ delay tolerance, our incentive framework is based on reverse auction to let users proactively express their delay tolerance by submitting bids. We further illustrate how to predict the offloading potential of the users by using stochastic analysis for both DTN and WiFi cases. Extensive trace-driven simulations verify the efficiency of our incentive framework for cellular traffic offloading.
Clinical experience with mixed chimerism to induce transplantation tolerance

Lymphohematopoietic chimerism was first shown to be associated with donor‐specific allograft tolerance more than 60 years ago. However, early clinical experience with bone marrow transplantation soon revealed that conventional, myeloablative approaches were far too toxic and the risk of graft‐versus‐host disease too great to justify using this technology for the purpose of organ allograft tolerance induction in the absence of malignant disease. In this review, we discuss a step‐wise approach that has been applied by several centers to establish less toxic approaches to using hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for tolerance induction. These steps include (i) feasibility and efficacy data for tolerance induction in large animal models; (ii) safety data in clinical trials for patients with hematologic malignancies; and (iii) pilot trials of combined HCT and kidney transplantation for tolerance induction. Thus far, only one published trial conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston has achieved long‐term acceptance of human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched kidney allografts without chronic immunosuppressive therapy. Alternative protocols have been successful in large animals, but long‐term organ allograft tolerance has not been reported in patients. Thus, proof‐of‐principle that nonmyeloablative induction of mixed chimerism can be used intentionally to induce organ allograft tolerance has now been achieved. Directions for further research to make this approach applicable for a broader patient population are discussed.
Multi-fidelity simulation modelling in optimization of a submarine propulsion system

An inherent trade-off exists in simulation model development and use: a trade-off between the level of detail simulated and the simulation model's computational cost. It is often desirable to simulate a high level of detail to a high degree of accuracy. However, due to the nature of design optimization, which requires a large number of design evaluations, the application of such simulation models can be prohibitively expensive. This paper presents an optimization framework consisting of a series hybrid optimization algorithm, in which a global search optimizes a submarine propulsion system using low-fidelity models and, in order to refine the results, a local search is used with high-fidelity models.
Effects of Dietary Antioxidants on Human DNA Ex Vivo

The protective effect of fruits and vegetables against cancer is well established. It is believed that this effect is mediated by antioxidants and decreased oxidative damage to DNA. However, the identity of the antioxidant(s) responsible is not clear. Moreover, a potentially damaging pro-oxidant effect of some antioxidants has been reported. In this study the ex vivo effects of several dietary antioxidants, including quercetin, various catechins, ascorbic acid and f -tocopherol, were investigated, at concentrations up to 200 u w M, using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay for DNA damage. Lymphocytes from three healthy subjects were pre-incubated with these antioxidants, and the comet assay was performed on treated, untreated, challenged and unchallenged cells in parallel, oxidant challenge being induced by 5 u min exposure to hydrogen peroxide (final concentrations H 2 O 2 : 30, 45, or 60 u w M). Results using this ex vivo cellular assay showed protection by some antioxidants (quercetin, caffeic acid), no effect by some (catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate) and an apparently damaging effect by others (epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate). Damage may have been caused by production of H 2 O 2 from these polyphenolics. Neither ascorbic acid nor f -tocopherol protected or damaged DNA. Further study of the role of quercetin and caffeic acid in DNA protection is needed.
Cooperative spectrum sensing with simple multi-relay switching

To save the power and time of total relay processing and to achieve a higher bandwidth efficiency in relay usage, a simple multi-relay switching scheme is proposed and analyzed for cooperative spectrum sensing, where energy detection is employed for the detection of a spectrum hole. In the cooperative spectrum sensing with relay switching, not all available relays are activated and used at all time. A relay is used only if the strength of faded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for its reporting channel to the cognitive destination (CD) is larger than a preset threshold. Otherwise, another switched-to relay is considered and tested for its usage. The probabilities of false alarm and correct detection are derived for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. The average number of active relays is evaluated for the examination of total required relay processing. Various numerical results are presented for performance illustrations. Based on the numerical results, the proposed scheme can enhance the detection performance in many aspects.
A Parameterized Nonlinear Programming Approach to Solve Matrix Games With Payoffs of I-Fuzzy Numbers

The aim of this paper is to develop a new methodology for solving matrix games with payoffs of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy (I-fuzzy) numbers. In this methodology, we define the concepts of I-fuzzy numbers and the value-index and ambiguity-index and develop a difference-index-based ranking method, which is proven to be a total order. By doing this, the parameterized nonlinear programming models are derived from a pair of auxiliary I-fuzzy mathematical programming models, which are used to determine solutions of matrix games with payoffs of I-fuzzy numbers. The validity and applicability of the models and method proposed in this paper are illustrated with a practical example.
An evolutionary perspective on convergence: inducing a stage model of inter-industry innovation

Throughout the past decade, the phenomenon of technological convergence has increasingly gained managerial attention. In particular, the phenomenon can be regarded as a special form of technological change, where the coming-together of previously distinct knowledge bases gives rise to the creation of new applications and business models. Since the resulting creative destruction may exceed previously established industry boundaries, as a consequence, convergence does not only promise the creation of new value, but may imply significant disruptions to established industries. Driven by a managerial need for understanding convergence from an innovation management perspective, as well as by contradictive perceptions in previous research, this paper introduces an evolutionary perspective on the phenomenon. The study is based on an inductive and embedded multiple-case approach, involving 26 firms in the information and communications industry sectors. Four different stages of a convergence process are identified, described and formalised: (1) knowledge convergence, (2) technological convergence, (3) applicational convergence and (4) industrial convergence.
Organization of the Corpus Luteum in a Caecilian Gegeneophis ramaswamii

Corpus luteum is a transient and well known endocrine gland that develops from the ruptured follicles in the female vertebrate ovaries, immediately after ovulation. A major source of progesterone, this gland is concerned with gestation in the viviparous animals and retention of eggs in the oviduct in the oviparous species. Caecilians are a group of amphibians with several aspects of reproductive anatomy and physiology unique. In as much as corpus lutem has been described in a few caecilian species, it has not been described from ultrastructural perspectives. Here in we describe the ultrastructural features of corpus luteum of a single specimen of Gegeneophis ramaswamii , which was captured immediately after it laid the eggs. The corpus luteum is formed by three types of cells, namely granulosa lutein cells, thecal lutein cells and phagocytic cells. Both the types of lutein cells are characterized by abundant mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The granulose lutein cells abound with discrete granules. The phagocytic cells engage in phagocytosing cell debris. The cellular features are discussed in relation to information from oviparous as well as viviparous vertebrates. Thus, the paper describes, for the first time the corpus luteum of a caecilian from ultrastructural perspectives.
Influence of Photoperiod in Accelerating the Reentrainment in Drosophila

Efficacy of the short photoperiod (Spp) and the long photoperiod (Lpp) in accelerating the reentrainment was assessed in Drosophila biarmipes. The Spp accelerated the reentrainment after the phase advance of light-dark (LD) cycles, which was associated with the early activity onset (Ψo) and the short period of free-running rhythm (τ). The Lpp accelerated the reentrainment after the phase delay of LD cycles, which was associated with the late Ψo and the long τ. This study indicates that the photoperiodic modulation of the circadian waveform of the underlying pacemaker that controls activity rhythm influenced the rate of reentrainment in D. biarmipes. (Author correspondence: drdsjoshi08@gmail.com)
Adaptive Focused Acoustics (AFA) Improves the Performance of Microtiter Plate ELISAs

We investigated the use of Adaptive Focused Acoustics (AFA) technology to improve the performance of microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Experiments were performed with commercially available AFA instrumentation and off-the-shelf 96-well microtiter plate sandwich ELISAs. AFA was applied over a range of acoustic energies, temperatures, and durations to the antigen/antibody binding step of an ELISA for measuring HIV-1 p24 in tissue culture samples. AFA-mediated antigen/antibody binding was enhanced up to 2-fold over passive binding at comparable temperatures and was superior or comparable at low temperature (8–10 °C) to passive binding at 37 °C. Lower nonspecific binding (NSB), lower inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs), higher Z′ factors, and lower limits of detection (LODs) were measured in AFA-mediated assays compared with conventional passive binding. In a more limited study, AFA enhancement of antigen/antibody binding and lower NSB was measured in an ELISA for measuring IGFBP-3 in human plasma. We conclude from this study that application of AFA to antigen/antibody binding steps in microtiter plate ELISAs can enhance key assay performance parameters, particularly Z′ factors and LODs. These features render AFA-mediated binding assays potentially more useful in applications such as high-throughput screening and in vitro diagnostics than assays processed with conventional passive antigen/antibody binding steps.
Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi and WiMAX Spectrum Sensing on Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels

In research area of wireless communication, cognitive radio gets more endearment in recent times. The main motive behind the use of cognitive radio is to sense the available spectrum, which is very limited, for the users who wish to use it for the transmission purpose. The users can be primary or secondary, based on, whether they are licensed or un-licensed. Spectrum sensing plays most importunate role in the cognitive radio system since it is used to detect signal presence on the air. This paper signifies the role of Cyclostationary Spectrum Sensing technique to define a device capable of detecting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals in a noisy environment. The work has been done for the applications employed in high frequency, such as, Wi-Fi and WiMAX.