Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND The utility of contrast MRI for assessing myocardial viability in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular dysfunction is uncertain. We therefore performed cine and contrast MRI in 24 stable patients with CAD and regional contractile abnormalities and compared MRI findings with rest-redistribution 201Tl imaging and dobutamine echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Delayed MRI contrast enhancement patterns were examined from 3 to 15 minutes after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg IV gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Comparable MRI and 201Tl basal and midventricular short-axis images were subdivided into 6 segments. Segments judged nonviable by quantitative and qualitative assessment of 201Tl scans showed persistent, systematically greater MRI contrast signal intensity than segments judged viable (P</=0.002). Delayed contrast hyperenhancement also occurred in segments judged nonviable by dobutamine echocardiography (P</=0.03). The presence or absence of hyperenhancement correlated most closely with nonviability and viability, respectively, in segments that were akinetic or dyskinetic under resting conditions (83% concordance with 201Tl in both cases). In segments with resting hypokinesis, 58% of segments showing hyperenhancement were judged viable by 201Tl and may have represented an admixture of scar tissue and viable myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Delayed (by 3 to 15 minutes) hyperenhancement of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI images occurs frequently in dysfunctional areas of the left ventricle in patients with stable CAD. Hyperenhancement is associated with nonviability by rest-redistribution 201Tl scintigraphy and dobutamine echocardiography, particularly in regions exhibiting resting akinesis/dyskinesis. The absence of hyperenhancement correlates with radionuclide and echocardiographic determinations of viability, regardless of resting contractile function.
Conceptual Indexing: A Better Way to Organize Knowledge

This paper is about organizing knowledge to make it more easily accessible by people who need to use it. The paper presents a technique called "conceptual indexing" that combines techniques from knowledge representation and natural language processing to enable a computer to systematically organize relationships among concepts and to use these relationships to substantially improve people's ability to find specific information in response to specific needs. Conceptual indexing automatically organizes all of the words and phrases of a body of material into a conceptual taxonomy that explicitly links each concept to its most specific generalizations. This taxonomic structure is used to organize links between semantically related concepts, and to make connections between terms of a request and related concepts in the index. Conceptual indexing can be used alone to organize information for browsing and lookup, or can be combined with search and retrieval techniques to improve retrieval effectiveness. The technique provides a partial solution to the "paraphrase problem"--the situation that arises when terms used in a request are different from terminology used in the information sought.
Activity of and Effect of Subcutaneous Treatment with the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Lectin Griffithsin in Two Laboratory Rodent Models

ABSTRACT Griffithsin (GRFT) is a red-alga-derived lectin that binds the terminal mannose residues of N-linked glycans found on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and other enveloped viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Ebola virus. GRFT displays no human T-cell mitogenic activity and does not induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in treated human cell lines. However, despite the growing evidence showing the broad-spectrum nanomolar or better antiviral activity of GRFT, no study has reported a comprehensive assessment of GRFT safety as a potential systemic antiviral treatment. The results presented in this work show that minimal toxicity was induced by a range of single and repeated daily subcutaneous doses of GRFT in two rodent species, although we noted treatment-associated increases in spleen and liver mass suggestive of an antidrug immune response. The drug is systemically distributed, accumulating to high levels in the serum and plasma after subcutaneous delivery. Further, we showed that serum from GRFT-treated animals retained antiviral activity against HIV-1-enveloped pseudoviruses in a cell-based neutralization assay. Overall, our data presented here show that GRFT accumulates to relevant therapeutic concentrations which are tolerated with minimal toxicity. These studies support further development of GRFT as a systemic antiviral therapeutic agent against enveloped viruses, although deimmunizing the molecule may be necessary if it is to be used in long-term treatment of chronic viral infections.
ckw 2 WÌ ? Qanuippitaa ? How are we ? status of carDiovascular Disease anD DiaBetes in nunavik

Initial observational studies presented the Inuit as a population particularly protected against cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the plague of developed countries. However, because of the abandonment of traditional lifestyles, and the high prevalence of some risk factors (such as smoking 73% and obesity 19%), conclusions from the 1992 Santé Québec health survey of the Inuit population from Nunavik anticipated an increase in CVD. Twelve years later, the Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2004 produced a new portrait of the health of this Inuit population in order to determine, among other health conditions, the prevalence of CVD and diabetes as well as their corresponding risk factors, and to assess the evolution of these health outcomes since 1992.
PROOFS: a fast, memory efficient sequential circuit fault simulator

A super-fast fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits, called PROOFS, is described. PROOFS achieves high performance by combining all the advantages of differential fault simulation, single fault propagation, and parallel fault simulation, while minimizing their individual disadvantages. PROOFS minimizes the memory requirements, reduces the number of events that need to be evaluated, and simplifies the complexity of the software implementation. PROOFS requires an average of one fifth the memory required for concurrent fault simulation and runs 6 to 67 times faster on the ISCAS sequential benchmarks. <<ETX>>
A history of Indian economic thought

The history of Indian economic thought provides rich insights into both economic issues and the workings of the Indian mind. A History of Indian Economic Thought provides the first overview of economic thought in the sub-continent. Arguing that it would be inappropriate to rely on formal economic analyses it draws on a wide range of sources; epics, religious and moral texts for the early period and public speeches, addresses, and newspaper articles for controversies from the nineteenth century onwards. What emerges is a rich mosaic reflecting India's different cultures and civilizations. Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam all address economic issues and British colonial rule had a deep impact, both in propagating Western economic ideas and in provoking Indian theories of colonialism and underdevelopment. The author concludes with chapters on Ghandian economics and on Indian economic thought since Independence.
Detecting Specular Reflections Using Lambertian Constraints

Specularities-briglit image regions formed by specular reflectioir-are likely to be mistalien for genuine surface ma,rking.j by processes that perform photometric analysis, derive motion fields from optical flow or estimate depth from binocular stereo. In addit8iori they can be uscd to infer surface geometry. This paper describes a scheme for detecting specularities based 011 a cliaracterisatioil of Larnbertian surfaces. Real surfaces are not simple composites of Lambertiaii and specular sur- faces hut evidence suggests that away from specrilnrities they do not deviate from the Lainbertian model by more than a factor of 3 or so. This proves adequate to serve as a constraint for specularity detection. Two independent tests identify iinage regions where tlie constraint is violated. Tlie detector is shown to performs well on a varicty of real images. Applications: improving binocular stereo and inferring surface geometry are described using specularities produced by the detector. ACI(NOWLEI)GEI\IENTS: Work done at:L)ept. Conip. Sci, TJniv. Edin- burgh; Studenthip: (gjh) IDM UKSC & SERC; Grant Pics: AIVRU Sliefield; IIelp: A.Zisserinan&C.hlarinos.
Improvisation, Inc.: Harnessing Spontaneity to Engage People and Groups

INTRODUCTION TO THE IMPROV. What Is Improvisation? Open the Doors to Your Creativity. Basic Improv Principles. The Improv at Work. IMPROV FUNDAMENTALS. Greater Connections with Others. Patterns and Changes. An Exploration of Fear. Feelings and Emotions. Language Is a Funny Thing. Wholesome Laughter Leads the Way. APPLIED IMPROV METHODS. The Size and Design of Creativity. Opening Exercises. BASIC GAMES. Word for Word. Babble. Four-Square Matrix. ADVANCED IMPROV TECHNIQUES. Storytelling with Improvisation. Grab Bag of Advanced Games. MAKE IMPROVISATION YOUR OWN. Create Your Own Creativity. Epilogue. Bibliography. About the Author.
They'll Know It When They See It: Analyzing Post-Release Feedback from the Android Community

It is known that user involvement and user-centered design enhance system acceptance, particularly when end-users’ views are considered early in the process. However, the increasingly common method of system deployment, through frequent releases via an online application distribution platform, relies more on post-release feedback from a virtual community. Such feedback may be received from large and diverse communities of users, posing challenges to developers in terms of extracting and identifying the most pressing requests to address. In seeking to tackle these challenges we have used natural language processing techniques to study enhancement requests logged by the Android community. We observe that features associated with a specific subset of topics were most frequently requested for improvement, and that end-users expressed particular discontent with the Jellybean release. End-users also tended to request improvements to specific issues together, potentially posing a prioritization challenge to Google.
WebThumb: interaction techniques for small-screen browsers

The proliferation of wireless handheld devices is placing the World Wide Web in the palms of users, but this convenience comes at a high interactive cost. The Web that came of age on the desktop is ill-suited for use on the small displays of handhelds. Today, handheld browsing often feels like browsing on a PC with a shrunken desktop. Overreliance on scrolling is a big problem in current handheld browsing. Users confined to viewing a small portion of each page often lack a sense of the overall context --- they may feel lost in a large page and be forced to remember the locations of items as those items scroll out of view. In this paper, we present a synthesis of interaction techniques to address these problems. We implemented these techniques in a prototype, WebThumb, that can browse the live Web.
To Dwell or Not to Dwell: An Evaluation of Mid-Air Gestures for Large Information Displays

This paper investigates user preferences for mid-air gestures to interact with large public information displays. We designed and implemented a public display application that allows people to navigate between Twitter feeds and to find details about particular tweets. The application supports selection and navigation through (1) point-and-dwell and (2) push and grab-and-pull. A within-subject evaluation with 10 participants found that although point-and-dwell was perceived to be more accurate, push was preferred for selecting items and grab-and-pull was preferred for navigation. Based on our findings we derive recommendations for designing gesture-based information displays.
A Statistical View on the Expressive Timing of Piano Rolled Chords

Rolled or arpeggiated chords are notated chords performed by playing the notes sequentially, usually from lowest to highest in pitch. Arpeggiation is a characteristic of musical expression, or expressive timing, in piano performance. However, very few studies have investigated rolled chord performance. In this paper, we investigate two expressive timing properties of piano rolled chords: equivalent onset and onset span. Equivalent onset refers to the hidden onset that can functionally replace the onsets of the notes in a chord; onset span refers to the time interval from the first note onset to the last note onset. We ask two research questions. First, what is the equivalent onset of a rolled chord? Second, are the onset spans of different chords interpreted in the same way? The first question is answered by local tempo estimation while the second question is answered by Analysis of Variance. Also, we contribute a piano duet dataset for rolled chords analysis and other studies on expressive music performance. The dataset contains three pieces of music, each performed multiple times by different pairs of musicians.
Complex Adaptive Music Systems in the breve Simulation Environment

We describe two sets of musical applications of the breve simulation system. The first adds musical events and interactions to a system of evolving, goal-directed swarms. The second extends 3d cellular automata to respond to musical input and to generate musical output. Although this paper will print in black and white in the proceedings, color versions of the figures, along with links to audio samples and other materials, can be found on-line at http://hampshire.edu/lspector/alife8-music.html. Complex Adaptive Music Systems in the breve Simulation
Production of mucoid microcolonies by Pseudomonas aeruginosa within infected lungs in cystic fibrosis

Direct electron microscopic examination of postmortem lung material from cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown that these bacterial cells form distinct fiber-enclosed microcolonies in the infected alveoli. Similar examination of bronchoscopy material from infected cystic fibrosis patients showed that the fibres of the enveloping matrix are definitely associated with the bacterial cells. The fibers of the extracellular matrix stain with ruthenium red and are therefore presumed to be polyanionic. When mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were recovered from cystic fibrosis patients and grown in a suitable liquid medium, they were found to produce large microcolonies whose component cells were embedded in a very extensive matrix of polyanionic fibers that could be stabilized by reaction with antibodies to prevent collapse during the dehydration steps of preparation for electron microscopy. When these mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were used to produce pulmonary infections of rats by the agar bead method, the infected alveoli contained large fiber-enclosed bacterial microcolonies. We conclude that the cells of P. aeruginosa that infect cystic fibrosis patients form microcolonies that are enveloped in a fibrous anionic matrix and that these microcolonies can be duplicated in in vitro cultures and in animal model systems.
Directory Lookaside Table: Enabling scalable, low-conflict, many-core cache coherence directory

Maintaining hardware cache coherence on future CMPs becomes increasingly important and difficult as the number of cores keeps accelerating in mainstream multicore chips. The simple snooping-bus coherence scheme is not suitable due to its limited scalability. The sparse coherence directory approach may incur extra cache invalidations due to a topological mismatch between the coherence directory and the directories of all cache modules. In this paper, we propose an innovative CMP coherence directory that has three important properties. First, the directory has a simple set-associative design with small associativity. The number of directory entries matches the total number of cache blocks. Second, an augmented Directory Lookaside Table (DLT) allows blocks to be displaced from their primary sets in the coherence directory for alleviating hot-set conflicts. Third, to avoid expensive presence bits, each copy of a block along with the located core ID occupies a separate directory entry. Performance evaluations based on multithreaded and multi-programmed workloads demonstrate significant advantages of the proposed CMP directory over directories with traditional set-associative or skewed associative designs.
Integrating multi-relations and multi-domains in qualitative spatial reasoning

Spatial reasoning is an important analysis method for spatial information in Ambient Intelligence and other applications. We discuss the integration problem on spatial reasoning. The combinations of more than three relations and multi-domains relation are investigated. These reasoning problems are useful in Ami, GIS and other applications. But neither of them was studied before.
The relationship between reading and cognitive processing of television and radio

1984, 55, 2072-2082, This study compares the relationship between comprehension and memory for text and television, and comprehension and memory for text and radio, 2 stories were edited to create 3 matched versions of each—-(1) a storybook with pictures, (2) a radio version, and (3) a television version. Third and sixth graders read 1 story and were presented either the television or radio version ofthe other story, counterbalanced for story and order of presentation, A battery of memory and comprehension tests was administered following both the reading and the television or radio conditions. The principal result is that across a range of tasks, performance in the television and reading conditions was not significantly correlated; however, performance in the radio and reading conditions was positively correlated and generally significant. The second important finding is that the absolute levels of performance were similar in the television and reading conditions, and performance was better in both of these conditions than in the radio condition. Hypotheses are discussed to explain why performance in the television condition was not related to reading ability. This study compares comprehension and memory for infonnation presented in various forms of media. More specifically, this study compares the relationship between comprehension and memory for material read with comprehension and memory for material presented on television and on radio. Although there has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the effects of television and other forms of media on the viewer (see Murray, 1980, for a review of the television literature containing 2,886 citations, 60% of which were published after 1975), little of this work has examined the cognitive processes involved in media processing. The majority of the previous research on the relationship between reading and media processing has compared reading ability with the amount of time spent viewing television, (There is little previous research on radio processing.) These correlational studies have reported that the amount of television viewing is negatively correlated with both reading ability and more general school achievement
A distantly supervised method for extracting spatio-temporal information from text

This paper describes Triplex-ST, a novel information extraction system for collecting spatio-temporal information from textual resources. Triplex-ST is based on a distantly supervised approach, which leverages rich linguistic annotations together with information in existing knowledge bases. In particular, we leverage triples associated with temporal and/or spatial contexts, e.g., as available from the YAGO knowledge base, so as to infer templates that capture new facts from previously unseen sentences.
Synthesizing Emerging Images from Photographs

Emergence is the visual phenomenon by which humans recognize the objects in a seemingly noisy image through aggregating information from meaningless pieces and perceiving a whole that is meaningful. Such an unique mental skill renders emergence an effective scheme to tell humans and machines apart. Images that are detectable by human but difficult for an automatic algorithm to recognize are also referred as emerging images. A recent state-of-the-art work proposes to synthesize images of 3D objects that are detectable by human but difficult for an automatic algorithm to recognize. Their results are further verified to be easy for humans to recognize while posing a hard time for automatic machines. However, using 3D objects as inputs prevents their system from being practical and scalable for generating an infinite number of high quality images. For instance, the image quality may degrade quickly as the viewing and lighting conditions changing in 3D domain, and the available resources of 3D models are usually limited. However, using 3D objects as inputs brings drawbacks. For instance, the quality of results is sensitive to the viewing and lighting conditions in the 3D domain. The available resources of 3D models are usually limited, and thus restricts the scalability. This paper presents a novel synthesis technique to automatically generate emerging images from regular photographs, which are commonly taken with decent setting and widely accessible online. We adapt the previous system to the 2D setting of input photographs and develop a set of image-based operations. Our algorithm is also designed to support the difficulty level control of resultant images through a limited set of parameters. We conducted several experiments to validate the efficacy and efficiency of our system.