Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limits to the Rate of Adaptive Substitution in Sexual Populations

In large populations, many beneficial mutations may be simultaneously available and may compete with one another, slowing adaptation. By finding the probability of fixation of a favorable allele in a simple model of a haploid sexual population, we find limits to the rate of adaptive substitution, , that depend on simple parameter combinations. When variance in fitness is low and linkage is loose, the baseline rate of substitution is , where is the population size, is the rate of beneficial mutations per genome, and is their mean selective advantage. Heritable variance in log fitness due to unlinked loci reduces by under polygamy and under monogamy. With a linear genetic map of length Morgans, interference is yet stronger. We use a scaling argument to show that the density of adaptive substitutions depends on , , , and only through the baseline density: . Under the approximation that the interference due to different sweeps adds up, we show that , implying that interference prevents the rate of adaptive substitution from exceeding one per centimorgan per 200 generations. Simulations and numerical calculations confirm the scaling argument and confirm the additive approximation for ; for higher , the rate of adaptation grows above , but only very slowly. We also consider the effect of sweeps on neutral diversity and show that, while even occasional sweeps can greatly reduce neutral diversity, this effect saturates as sweeps become more common—diversity can be maintained even in populations experiencing very strong interference. Our results indicate that for some organisms the rate of adaptive substitution may be primarily recombination-limited, depending only weakly on the mutation supply and the strength of selection.
Splified Algorithms for Removal of the Effect of Exponentially Decaying DC Offset on the Fourirer Algorithm

The impact of exponentially decaying direct component on the Fourier algorithm is theoretically investigated first in this paper. A new algorithm to eliminate the error caused by this decaying component in the Fourier algorithm has been proposed. Three simplified methods are proposed to alleviate the computation burden. The performance of the Fourier algorithm improved with these methods along with the least error squares algorithm is evaluated using a simple network and a real power system modeled by EMTP. The evaluation results are presented and discussed.
Trading European Sovereign Bonds: The Microstructure of the Mts Trading Platforms

We study the microstructure of the MTS Global Market bond trading system. This system is the largest pan-European interdealer trading system for Eurozone government bonds. We study the volume weighted quoted spread and a variety of effective spread measures for different classes of bond maturities and issuing countries. We find that quoted and effective spreads are related to maturity and trading intensity. Estimated spreads on EuroMTS are typically slightly higher than on the domestic markets, but the difference is small in economic terms. The regression results show that order flow plays a key role in determining the price discovery in the bond market. Transitory costs are more important in markets like Italy and Belgium, which are dominated by local traders. In addition, we find a positive relationship between trading intensity and price returns, indicating findings relevant to the structure of bond markets and interdealer trading.
OPAS: An Office Procedure Automation System

This paper discusses an experimental system being developed to support office automation. The emphasis of the paper is on a technology that allows people to automate their office and business activities. Specifically, using forms as the interface, the authors propose a powerful data manipulation and restructuring facility that not only allows users to extract and manipulate data in the forms, but can be used to interface between new and existing applications as well. Since business and office procedures are not discrete activities, but a structured sequence of activities, a means to define and execute procedures is required. Such means is described in this paper along with its model and an example of its application.
A joint distribution approach to wave propagation and array processing

We discuss dispersive wave propagation and show that the Wigner distribution is a powerful approach because it simplifies the issues immensely. We show that the spatial time-frequency array processing formulation of Amin et al., can be viewed as a projection of a Wigner distribution in space, wavenumber, time and frequency. We also show that there is a very simple yet illuminating and accurate approximation between the Wigner distribution of a wave at two different spatial points. In particular, the Wigner distributions of the wave at two different locations are related by a frequency-dependent time-shift that depends explicitly on the dispersion relation, in a very straightforward way.
Road bowling in Ireland: social space and the context of context

ABSTRACT Consumer research has offered a multitude of understandings of space. While these insights have contributed both to absolute and relativistic appreciations, the discourse has tended more often towards absolute representations. Through an examination of Irish road bowling, built from a four-year ethnography, we position Henri Lefebvre’s triadic model of social space as a heuristic device that may be used to further relativistic representations of space. In doing so we expose how Irish road bowlers produce space on public roads. We find that such space and the actions of road bowlers within it are deeply influenced by both historic and contemporary socio-cultural discourses. In this way, we highlight how Lefebvre can be used to get at the context of context and offer an alternative understanding of normative and existential communitas.
Paracrine effects of transplanted myoblasts and relaxin on post-infarction heart remodelling

In the post‐infarcted heart, grafting of precursor cells may partially restore heart function but the improvement is modest and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we explored this issue by transplanting C2C12 myoblasts, genetically engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or eGFP and the cardiotropic hormone relaxin (RLX) through coronary venous route to swine with experimental chronic myocardial infarction. The rationale was to deliver constant, biologically effective levels of RLX at the site of cell engraftment. One month after engraftment, histological analysis showed that C2C12 myoblasts selectively settled in the ischaemic scar and were located around blood vessels showing an activated endothelium (ICAM‐1‐,VCAM‐positive). C2C12 myoblasts did not trans‐differentiate towards a cardiac phenotype, but did induce extracellular matrix remodelling by the secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and increase microvessel density through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Relaxin‐producing C2C12 myoblasts displayed greater efficacy to engraft the post‐ischaemic scar and to induce extracellular matrix re‐modelling and angiogenesis as compared with the control cells. By echocardio‐graphy, C2C12‐engrafted swine showed improved heart contractility compared with the ungrafted controls, especially those producing RLX. We suggest that the beneficial effects of myoblast grafting on cardiac function are primarily dependent on the paracrine effects of transplanted cells on extracellular matrix remodelling and vascularization. The combined treatment with myoblast transplantation and local RLX production may be helpful in preventing deleterious cardiac remodelling and may hold therapeutic possibility for post‐infarcted patients.
Proteome Profiling—Pitfalls and Progress

In this review we examine the current state of analytical methods in proteomics. The conventional methodology using two‐dimensional electrophoresis gels and mass spectrometry is discussed, with particular reference to the advantages and shortcomings thereof. Two recently published methods which offer an alternative approach are presented and discussed, with emphasis on how they can provide information not available via two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. These two methods are the isotope‐coded affinity tags approach of Gygi et al. and the two‐dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach as presented by Link et al. We conclude that both of these new techniques represent significant advances in analytical methodology for proteome analysis. Furthermore, we believe that in the future biological research will continue to be enhanced by the continuation of such developments in proteomic analytical technology. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphics Separation and Skew Correction for Mobile Captured Documents and Comparative analysis with Existing Methods

CBDA is an emerging field in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . In recent technology camera are moulded with several equipments and are very interesting and playing a vital role by replacing scanner with hand held imaging devices(HIDs) like Digital Cameras, Mobile phones and gaming devices. Documents captured through Mobile are often prone to Skew Removal of graphics and Correction of skew for Mobile captured document is a major task and important factor in optical character recognition. The goal of the work is to remove graphics from the document and correct skew for the documents captured using cellular phone. In this paper we have proposed a novel method for separating or removal of graphics like logos, animations other than the text from the document and finally textual content skew is corrected and characters are recognized using commercial OCR. The basic process of our approach consists of three steps: First, a vertical and Horizontal projection is used to remove graphics from images secondly dilation operation is applied to the binary Images and the dilated Image is thinned; finally, the skew angle is detected using the Hough transform. The proposed approach with high precision can detect skew with large angle (-90 to +90) the experimental result reveal that the proposed method is efficient compared to well known existing methods. The experimental results show the efficacy compared to the result of well known existing methods.
Quasi-Synchronization of Delayed Memristive Neural Networks via a Hybrid Impulsive Control

This paper investigates the quasi-synchronization of delayed memristive neural networks (MNNs) via a novel hybrid impulsive control algorithm which combines time-triggered and event-triggered impulsive control. The relationship between a predesigned non-negative auxiliary function and a given exponentially decreasing threshold function is used to describe the switching. Under this novel controller, sufficient conditions for the quasi-synchronization are derived by the impulsive differential inequality. In addition, by choosing appropriate parameters or initial conditions such that the initial value of the non-negative auxiliary function is less than that of the event-triggered function, the quasi-synchronization can be realized theoretically as long as the event-triggered impulsive intensity is less than 1. This greatly reduces the conservatism of the existing quasi-synchronization results. Furthermore, the event-triggered rules can avoid the Zeno behavior as long as the event-triggered impulsive intensity is less than 1. This hybrid mechanism can reduce the amount of impulsive control and lessen the network communication. Finally, one example is given to illustrate the validness of the obtained results.
Personalized web content provider recommendation through mining individual users' QoS

We propose an optimal web content provider recommendation algorithm based on mining QoS (quality of service) information of the Internet. The QoS refers principally to the network bandwidth and waiting time (for a connection to be established). For contents replicated over multiple sites, our algorithm recommends a list of webpages having the desired content and ranked according to their QoSs for any specific user. The recommendation is generated through a data mining procedure based on known QoSs of connections between pairs of computers. Our user QoS mining procedure incrementally constructs a neural network group for QoS prediction based on clustering over the prediction errors. An accompanying decision tree algorithm is then used to select the most appropriate neural network among the neural network group to predict the QoS for a particular user connection. Based on our proposed recommendation algorithm, we have implemented a user-oriented search engine which can identify similar web content providers and make a ranked recommendation based on the prediction over the QoS experienced by individual users. Experiment results have verified that our QoS-based personal web content provider ranking algorithm can indeed produce a recommendation that improves the QoS experienced by individual users.
The Impact of Interleukin 28b Gene Polymorphism on the Virological Response to Combined Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Therapy in Chronic HCV Genotype 4 Infected Egyptian Patients Using Data Mining Analysis

Background: Chronic HCV represents one of the common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide with Egypt having the highest prevalence, namely genotype 4. Interleukin IL-28B gene polymorphism has been shown to relate to HCV treatment response, mainly in genotype1. Objectives: We aim to evaluate the predictive power of the rs12979860 IL28B SNP and its protein for treatment response in genotype 4 Egyptian patients by regression analysis and decision tree analysis. Patients and Methods: The study included 263 chronic HCV Egyptian patients receiving peg-interferon and ribavirin therapy. Patients were classified into 3 groups; non responders (83patients), relapsers (76patients) and sustained virological responders (104 patients). Serum IL 28 B was performed, DNA was extracted and analyzed by direct sequencing of the SNP rs 12979860 of IL28B gene. Results: CT, CC and TT represented 56 %, 25 % and 19% of the patients, respectively. Absence of C allele (TT genotype) was significantly correlated with the early failure of response while CC was associated with sustained virological response. The decision tree showed that baseline alpha fetoprotein (AFP ≤ 2.68 ng/ml) was the variable of initial split (the strongest predictor of response) confirmed by regression analysis. Patients with TT genotype had the highest probability of failure of response. Conclusions: Absence of the C allele was significantly associated with failure of response. The presence of C allele was associated with a favorable outcome. AFP is a strong baseline predictor of HCV treatment response. A decision tree model is useful for predicting the probability of response to therapy.
Application of Integral Value Transformation (IVT) in a Specialized Computer Network Design

Integral Value Transformation (IVT) is a family of transformations from N0kto N0. An algebraic result has been established in p-adic IVT systems and an application of the result is described in this paper. The result in this paper provides the rule to find the pth pre image of a natural number for the Collatz like bijective functions in p-adic IVT systems. Using this result a routing algorithm is proposed. This proposed routing algorithm reduces number of address calculation.
TEMPEST: Test environment for performance evaluation of the scheduling of packets

The packet scheduling problem has been deeply studied for lot of years by researchers in the computer science and telecommunications fields as an important solution that decides the order in which packets are sent over a link in order to provide QoS on a network. Recently, the packet scheduling has become again a challenging topic due to the massive use of wireless technologies (e.g. WiFi, LTE, 4G/5G), both for public and PPDR networks, with which to provide high QoS guarantees is still an open problem. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare different solutions and actually test them in order to select the most proper packet scheduler for each particular environment.
An Optimization Algorithm for Computing the Minimal Test Set of Circuits

With the extraordinary development of electronic technology, complexity of circuit system increases sharply. More and more electric circuits are composed of digital and analog signal simultaneously, resulting in greater difficulty in circuit testing. Theory of discrete event system (DES) and relevant researches provide uniform, efficient and systematic methods for testing these mixed-signal circuits. In view of the circuit testing based on DES theory, how to find out the minimal test set of circuits is important part to shorten complicated work. Considering advantageous characteristics of the minimal test set, a novel approach involving with minimizing mixed-signal circuit testing-set algorithm is put forward, which is in light of discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and can finally realize optimization. By virtue of "velocity-position" model referred to competition and cooperation among particles of swarm, an optimum solution is searched in result space. Experimental results testify high efficiency and feasibility of this proposed approach, which is superior to other optimization algorithms.
A privacy preserving method based on random projection for social networks

Social networks consist of entities connected by links representing relations. The researchers can benefit through social networks analysis, however, it also brings about certain risks for the people involved in them. We put forward a privacy preserving method for weighted social networks based on random projection. The method described social networks as high dimensional edge spaces and adopted random projection matrixes to achieve mapping from higher dimension to lower dimension. Random projection matrixes were generated using hash function. The experimental results on the real datasets and synthetic datasets demonstrate that the edge space random projection method can ensure privacy information security and protect some structure characteristics of social networks analysis.
The Structure of the Computational Biosciences

by Jotun Hein (1.6.07) Life on Earth The overwhelming percentage of bioscience is directed towards earth life, although many principles applied make no specific reference to this and many ideas and questions apply generally. Life beyond earth issues are clearly very interesting, but of little practical importance presently. The moment (and if) other life forms are found, question will be asked about similarities and differences in overall structure of life forms. In certain cases, like Earth/Mars, it could even legitimately be asked if the overall structure was a sign of homology? This is not pure silliness, as it is known that on very long time span there is exchange of surface material between Mars and Earth. It has been tested, in what retrospectively seems naïve, but is still a valiant and fun attempt. This was done by asking if the root of life on Earth was older than the age of the Earth (Eigen, ). (The answer was “no”! ). Life on Earth has an overall architecture and has chosen certain key components. Due to evolution all instances of Life on Earth are related by one very large genealogical structure that presently is being characterized. Behind all research about Life on Earth looms the question about its origin, which clearly remains unsettled.
Postnatal Differentiation of Basket Cells from Slow to Fast Signaling Devices

Gamma frequency (30–100 Hz) oscillations in the mature cortex underlie higher cognitive functions. Fast signaling in GABAergic interneuron networks plays a key role in the generation of these oscillations. During development of the rodent brain, gamma activity appears at the end of the first postnatal week, but frequency and synchrony reach adult levels only by the fourth week. However, the mechanisms underlying the maturation of gamma activity are unclear. Here we demonstrate that hippocampal basket cells (BCs), the proposed cellular substrate of gamma oscillations, undergo marked changes in their morphological, intrinsic, and synaptic properties between postnatal day 6 (P6) and P25. During maturation, action potential duration, propagation time, duration of the release period, and decay time constant of IPSCs decreases by ∼30–60%. Thus, postnatal development converts BCs from slow into fast signaling devices. Computational analysis reveals that BC networks with young intrinsic and synaptic properties as well as reduced connectivity generate oscillations with moderate coherence in the lower gamma frequency range. In contrast, BC networks with mature properties and increased connectivity generate highly coherent activity in the upper gamma frequency band. Thus, late postnatal maturation of BCs enhances coherence in neuronal networks and will thereby contribute to the development of cognitive brain functions.
Automatically Generating Extraction Patterns from Untagged Text

Many corpus-based natural language processing systems rely on text corpora that have been manually annotated with syntactic or semantic tags. In particular, all previous dictionary construction systems for information extraction have used an annotated training corpus or some form of annotated input. We have developed a system called AutoSlog-TS that creates dictionaries of extraction patterns using only untagged text. AutoSlog-TS is based on the AutoSlog system, which generated extraction patterns using annotated text and a set of heuristic rules. By adapting AutoSlog and combining it with statistical techniques, we eliminated its dependency on tagged text. In experiments with the MUG-4 terrorism domain, AutoSlog-TS created a dictionary of extraction patterns that performed comparably to a dictionary created by AutoSlog, using only preclassified texts as input.
The Effects of Granularity and Scheduling Policies on the Performance of Data Parallel Programs

PCT No. PCT/US90/04414 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 27, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 27, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. 7, 1990.Disclosed is a combination thermometer and fecal specimen sampling device which permits the concurrent sampling of a fecal specimen and measuring of body temperature from a single penetration of the rectum. The sheath comprises an elongated, rigid, cylindrical sheath with a partially cutaway distal end to form a scoop. The thermometer is inserted into an annular bore in the sheath.
A Crossing Method for Quinoa

As sustainable production of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) increases and its geographic range of cultivation expands, quinoa breeding will allow use of the crop’s wide genetic diversity for cultivar improvement and for adaptation to new agroecosystems and climactic regimes. Such breeding work will require a reliable technique for crossing quinoa plants using hand emasculation. The technique described herein focuses on the isolation of small flower clusters produced low on the plant, emasculation of male flowers, and subsequent pairing of the emasculated female parent with a male parent undergoing anthesis. Various traits, such as plant color, seed color, and axil pigmentation can be used to confirm the successful production of F1 plants. The manual hybridization technology provides a significant advantage over pairing plants and relying on chance cross-pollination, and has been successfully used to generate crosses between quinoa cultivars, as well as interspecific crosses between quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri. This technology will help pave the way for the introduction and sustainable expansion of quinoa on a global scale across a wide range of target environments and diverse farming systems.