Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The initial analysis of failures emerging in production process for further data mining analysis

The aim of this paper is to examine possibilities for the initial data analyses of the failure data from industrial production process. To perform the initial data analysis of the data from production process we have used graphical statistical method and also data mining methods like drill-down analysis and cluster analysis. Before applying mentioned techniques and methods it was necessary to know the principle of the industrial production process itself and also to be aware of the failure data structure. This initial data analysis is vital to be able to review the knowledge potential of given data. Based on this, we are able to point out interesting issues, that can be further solved with KDD (knowledge discovery from databases) techniques.
The Memory Challenge in Reduce Phase of MapReduce Applications

MapReduce has become a popular paradigm for Big Data processing. Each MapReduce Application has two phases: Map and Reduce. Each phase consist of several tasks in a defaulted sequence of processes. It is common place to determine the number of Map tasks equal to the number of data blocks in the input data. However, there is no specific rule for determining the number of Reduce tasks based on the amount of intermediate data generated by Map tasks or the specifications of machines that execute the tasks. Since the Reduce tasks bring the data into memory for processing, this may lead to inefficient execution of application and even application failure because of memory shortage or temporary consumption. In this work, we first evaluate this challenge and show its problematic significance. To address this challenge, we propose a Mnemonic approach. Mnemonic leverages a profiling mechanism to detect the application behavior regarding intermediate data generation. It first decides the amount of memory to be dedicated to each Reduce slot. Then it determines the number of Reduce tasks based on the gathered information through profiling and the decided size of memory for Reduce slots. Experimental results using PUMA benchmark suit indicates that our proposed memory-aware approach can 1) completely remove the likelihood of application failure due to out of memory error and 2) decrease the execution time of Reduce phase up to 58.27, 79.36, and 88.79 percent compared with Memory Oblivious, Fine Grain 1, and Fine Grain 2 approaches, respectively.
Resource Allocation in OFDMA Wireless Communications Systems Supporting Multimedia Services

We design a resource allocation algorithm for downlink of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems supporting real-time (RT) and best-effort (BE) services simultaneously over a time-varying wireless channel. The proposed algorithm aims at maximizing system throughput while satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements of the RT and BE services. We take two kinds of QoS requirements into account. One is the required average transmission rate for both RT and BE services. The other is the tolerable average absolute deviation of transmission rate (AADTR) just for the RT services, which is used to control the fluctuation in transmission rates and to limit the RT packet delay to a moderate level. We formulate the optimization problem representing the resource allocation under consideration and solve it by using the dual optimization technique and the projection stochastic subgradient method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm well meets the QoS requirements with the high throughput and outperforms the modified largest weighted delay first (M-LWDF) algorithm that supports similar QoS requirements.
The interrelationship between magmatic and ore-forming hydrothermal processes in the Oman ophiolite

The Semail ophiolite of Oman contains numerous gossans, minor sulfide showings, and ferromanganoan deposits as well as several massive sulfide deposits, the largest of which (8 x 10 6 metric tons) is the deposit of Lasail. Detailed field mapping of the lavas and shallow intrusions around this deposit in conjunction with petrographic studies of their metamorphic assemblages enables the ore-forming hydrothermal activity to be related to the location and evolution of an underlying magma chamber. It can be demonstrated that the deposit formed in the short time interval between the eruption of a lava unit (the Geotimes unit) at a marginal ocean-basin spreading axis and the eruption of a second lava unit (the Lasail unit) at an off-axis (or arc) seamount. Moreover, it was the seamount, not the spreading axis, magma chamber which drove the ore-forming hydrothermal convection, providing both a near-surface heat source and, by virtue of its intrusive pressure, a localized fracture system on its flanks. Subsequent eruptions from this same magma chamber then provided a protective capping for the deposit. The orientations and distributions of andesitic cone sheets show that the magma chamber lay some 1.5 km from the deposit itself and was in fact a magma cupola developed on the flanks of a much larger magma chamber.Similar, though less detailed, studies of other deposits in Oman indicate that: only very small mound deposits lie within the spreading axis lavas themselves; the majority of deposits lie at the boundary between the spreading axis and seamount lavas; and another group of deposits is related to the magma chambers that fed a third submarine lava unit (the Alley unit), also associated with the construction of the seamounts. These results may provide useful constraints for future mineral exploration programs in the Oman and perhaps also in other ophiolite complexes and on the ocean floor.
A New Block-Based Method for HEVC Intra Coding

This paper presents a new block-based method for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) intra coding. First, we have found through analysis and test that the prediction errors on some pixels in each prediction block (PB) that are neighboring to the reference pixels would be no bigger than the corresponding coding errors. Based on this observation, the pixels in each PB are divided into two parts: half pixels are coded via a novel padding technique together with a constrained quantization algorithm (leading to around 3 dB gain under the same bit rate), whereas the other half are reconstructed by linear interpolations along a prediction direction by utilizing the neighboring reference pixels and the first half coded pixels. In the final implementation, a competition mechanism is employed between this new method and the original HEVC intra coding in order to choose the best mode for each PB. Experimental results show that about 2% BD-rate reduction has been achieved both for luma and chroma with respect to the original HEVC intra coding, whereas the encoder complexity increases by 130%, but the decoding time remains nearly unchanged.
Economic Valuation of Health Care Services in Public Health Systems: A Study about Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Nursing Consultations

Background Identifying the economic value assigned by users to a particular health service is of principal interest in planning the service. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of economic value of nursing consultation in primary care (PC) by its users. Methods and Results Economic study using contingent valuation methodology. A total of 662 users of nursing consultation from 23 health centers were included. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health needs, pattern of usage, and satisfaction with provided service were compiled. The validity of the response was evaluated by an explanatory mixed-effects multilevel model in order to assess the factors associated with the response according to the welfare theory. Response reliability was also evaluated. Subjects included in the study indicated an average Willingness to Pay (WTP) of €14.4 (CI 95%: €13.2–15.5; median €10) and an average Willingness to Accept [Compensation] (WTA) of €20.9 (CI 95%: €19.6–22.2; median €20). Average area income, personal income, consultation duration, home visit, and education level correlated with greater WTP. Women and older subjects showed lower WTP. Fixed parameters explained 8.41% of the residual variability, and response clustering in different health centers explained 4–6% of the total variability. The influence of income on WTP was different in each center. The responses for WTP and WTA in a subgroup of subjects were consistent when reassessed after 2 weeks (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.952 and 0.893, respectively). Conclusions The economic value of nursing services provided within PC in a public health system is clearly perceived by its user. The perception of this value is influenced by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the subjects and their environment, and by the unique characteristics of the evaluated service. The method of contingent valuation is useful for making explicit this perception of value of health services.
Bioelectric Fields of Marine Organisms: Voltage and Frequency Contributions to Detectability by Electroreceptive Predators

Behavioral responses of elasmobranch fishes to weak electric fields have been well studied. These studies typically employ a stimulator that produces a dipole electric field intended to simulate the natural electric field of prey items. However, the characteristics of bioelectric fields have not been well described. The magnitude and frequency of the electric field produced by 11 families of marine organisms were quantified in this study. Invertebrate electric potentials ranged from 14 to 28 μV and did not differ from those of elasmobranchs, which ranged from 18 to 30 μV. Invertebrates and elasmobranchs produced electric potentials smaller than those of teleost fishes, which ranged from 39 to 319 μV. All species produced electric fields within the frequency range that is detectable by elasmobranch predators (<16 Hz), with the highest frequencies produced by the penaeids (10.3 Hz) and the gerreids (4.6 Hz). Although voltage differed by family, there was no relationship between voltage and mass or length of prey. Differences in prey voltage may be related to osmoregulatory strategies; invertebrates and elasmobranchs are osmoconformers and have less ion exchange with the surrounding seawater than teleosts species, which are hyposmotic. As predicted, voltage production was greatest at the mucous membrane–lined mouth and gills, which are sites of direct ion exchange with the environment.
An Wearable ECG Analysis System with Novel Interactive Method

In this paper, we present a wearable ECG recorder which senses real-time ECG signal, undertakes preprocessing and extracts ECG waveform and fiducial points. The ECG signal then is sent through ULP Bluetooth to the paired smartphone, in which the application classifies the ECG signal using classifiers updated by the intervene of cardiologist in a novel interactive method.
Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacogenetic Model for Optimization of Efavirenz Therapy in Caucasian HIV-Infected Patients

ABSTRACT Despite extensive clinical experience with efavirenz (EFV), unpredictable interindividual variabilities in efficacy and toxicity remain important limitations associated with the use of this antiretroviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting EFV pharmacokinetics and to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic (PK/PG) model in a Caucasian population of HIV-infected patients. In total, 869 EFV plasma concentrations from 128 HIV-infected patients treated with EFV were quantitatively assessed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography technique. All patients were genotyped for 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism and transport of EFV, using a MassArray platform provided by Sequenom. The influence of these polymorphisms on EFV pharmacokinetics and the effects of demographic, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle, and concurrent drug covariates were evaluated. Plasma concentrations were fitted by a one-compartment model, with first-order absorption and elimination using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM program). The CYP2B6*6 allele, multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) 1497C→T, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) were identified as major factors influencing the apparent EFV oral clearance (CL/F), reducing the initial interindividual variability by 54.8%, according to the model CL/F = (12.2 − 0.00279·GGT)·0.602CYP2B6*6 [G/T]·0.354CYP2B6*6 [T/T]·0.793MRP4 1497C→T, where CYP2B6*6 [G/T], CYP2B6*6 [T/T], and MRP4 1497C→T take values of 0 or 1 to indicate the absence or presence of polymorphisms. The detailed genetic analysis conducted in this study identified two of 90 SNPs that significantly impacted CL/F, which might indicate that the remaining SNPs analyzed do not influence this PK parameter, at least in Caucasian populations with characteristics similar to those of our study population.
Hardware Acceleration of Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks have been widely employed for image recognition applications because of their high accuracy, which they achieve by emulating how our own brain recognizes objects. The possibility of making our electronic devices recognize their surroundings have spawned a vast number potential of useful applications, including video surveillance, mobile robot vision, image search in data centres, and more. The increasing usage of such applications in mobile platforms and data centres have led to a higher demands for methods that can compute these computational-insensitive networks in a fast and power efficient way. One such method is by using application specific hardware accelerators. In this report we will present such an accelerator, and use it to compute a neural network that can recognize hand-written digits.
An exceptionally preserved myodocopid ostracod from the Silurian of Herefordshire, UK

An exceptionally preserved new ostracod crustacean from the Silurian of Herefordshire, UK, represents only the third fully documented Palaeozoic ostracod with soft-part preservation. Appendages, gills, gut system, lateral compound eyes and even a medial eye with a Bellonci organ are preserved, allowing assignment of the fossil to a new genus and species of cylindroleberidid myodocope (Myodocopida, Cylindroleberididae). The Bellonci organ is recorded for the first time in fossil ostracods. The find also represents a rare occurrence of gills in fossil ostracods and confirms the earliest direct evidence of a respiratory-cum-circulatory system in the group. The species demonstrates remarkably conserved morphology within myodocopes over a period of 425 Myr. Its shell morphology more closely resembles several families of myodocopes other than the Cylindroleberididae, especially the Cypridinidae and Sarsiellidae, thus questioning the utility of the carapace alone in establishing the affinity of fossil ostracods.
Velocity Modelling and Earthquake Relocation in 
the Rotorua and Kawerau Geothermal Areas, 
Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

We analyse catalogued phase arrival times and seismograms from two sets of earthquakes that occurred in and around the Rotorua and Kawerau geothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. These data sets contain 504 and 1875 shallow (less than or equal to 20 km deep) earthquakes, respectively, and span the 21 year period between the beginning of 1984 and the end of 2004. We use arrival time data from these earthquakes to calculate reliable 1-D P- and S-wave seismic velocity models and accompanying station correction terms for Rotorua and Kawerau. These models are well constrained at depths of 4 to 15 km and are consistent with models obtained in seismic refraction studies for the same region. Using a combination of precise cross-correlation-derived and cataloguebased arrival times, we calculate accurate hypocentres for 155 and 400 earthquakes in Rotorua and Kawerau, respectively. These hypocentres are far less scattered than those in the earthquake catalogue. In Rotorua, the earthquakes cluster near the geothermally active parts of Rotorua City and also beneath the Mount Ngongotaha rhyolite dome. In Kawerau, the earthquakes align along northeast-trending lineations, consistent with the predominant alignment of faults within the region. Earthquakes in Okataina caldera to the southwest of Kawerau are tightly clustered, particularly beneath Puhipuhi Hill. We use cross-correlation to identify clusters of earthquakes in Rotorua and Kawerau based on the similarity of their recorded seismograms. Apart from two clusters in the northern part of Rotorua City, these are generally indicative of relatively short-lived bursts of activity within these regions. We compute composite focal mechanisms for four of these clusters, all of which indicate rupture on normal faults, consistent with the extensional tectonic regime of the Taupo Volcanic Zone.
Physical fitness, training volume, and self-determined motivation in soldiers during a peacekeeping mission.

PURPOSE The goal was to register physical training volume and to measure changes in physical fitness in soldiers during a peacekeeping mission. The relationship between these factors and motivation for physical training was also investigated. METHODS Physical training volume was registered and maximal oxygen uptake, 3-km run time, sit-ups, push-ups, and chin-ups were tested before and after 1 year of service for 71 Norwegian soldiers in the international Kosovo Force. Self-determined motivation was measured at the end of the service. RESULTS Physical training volume was 117 +/- 77 minutes/week. The average maximal oxygen uptake decreased by 2.5 +/- 0.8% (p < 0.01). Intrinsic motivation positively predicted physical training volume (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A large variation in training volume was found, and only one-third of the soldiers improved physical fitness and maintained body weight. Fostering intrinsic motivation toward physical training is key to increasing training volume. However, obligatory training could ensure a minimum of physical training among the soldiers who were least motivated for physical training.
The effect of user search behaviour on web information gathering tasks

Research has identified high level tasks in activities users perform on the web. Amongst those tasks is information gathering. This type of task is complex, exploratory, and it usually requires more user effort than other tasks. During the task of information gathering, users may follow one or more types of search behaviour. This paper investigates the effect of the user search behaviour on the task of information gathering on the web. Activities users perform on the web during information gathering and their correlation with the type of behaviour followed by the user were examined. The research draws recommendations for further studies that may concern developing tools for supporting web information gathering tasks according to the user search behaviour
Understanding the Detection of View Fraud in Video Content Portals

While substantial effort has been devoted to understand fraudulent activity in traditional online advertising (search and banner), more recent forms such as video ads have received little attention. The understanding and identification of fraudulent activity (i.e., fake views) in video ads for advertisers, is complicated as they rely exclusively on the detection mechanisms deployed by video hosting portals. In this context, the development of independent tools able to monitor and audit the fidelity of these systems are missing today and needed by both industry and regulators. In this paper we present a first set of tools to serve this purpose. Using our tools, we evaluate the performance of the audit systems of five major online video portals. Our results reveal that YouTube's detection system significantly outperforms all the others. Despite this, a systematic evaluation indicates that it may still be susceptible to simple attacks. Furthermore, we find that YouTube penalizes its videos' public and monetized view counters differently, the former being more aggressive. This means that views identified as fake and discounted from the public view counter are still monetized. We speculate that even though YouTube's policy puts in lots of effort to compensate users after an attack is discovered, this practice places the burden of the risk on the advertisers, who pay to get their ads displayed.
Ground motions and site effects from the 2011 M9 Tohoku, Japan earthquake

SUMMARY: Site response is characterized using hundreds of surface and borehole recordings from the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake and other Japanese events. Site effects were strong at high frequencies for the Tohoku event, despite the expectation that high-frequency response may be damped by nonlinear effects. Using spectral ratios of weak to strong ground motions, localized nonlinearity is inferred for some sites during the Tohoku event, but it was not pervasive. We develop models relating horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios as a preliminary measure of site amplification to physical characteristics of sites. Finally, we compare site-corrected ground motion observations to predictions obtained from generic ground-motion equations for a reference condition, for the Tohoku mainshock. There is general agreement between observations and predictions for at least some of the published ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for interface events; however, the site corrections involved were much larger than typical “NEHRP factors” as applied in most building codes.
Critical-reliability path identification and delay analysis

Circuit reliability analysis at the presilicon stage has become vital for sub-45nm technology designs in particular, due to aging effects, such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Hot Carrier Injection (HCI). To avoid potential reliability hazards in the postsilicon stage, current large-scale designs for commercial implementation overpessimistically analyze circuit aging under assumed worst-case workload in order not to violate the corner cases even for low possibilities, thus introducing unnecessary margin in the design timing analysis. The major issue is lack of an effective aging analysis method applicable to large designs with low CPU runtime, which is mainly due to: (1) conventional reliability tools are extremely time-consuming for circuit-level timing analysis and thus are not practical for large designs; (2) mathematical models developed to expedite the process are not accurate due to the high complexity of aging effects. In this article, a comprehensive analysis is presented to highlight the importance of each aging parameter. Then, a novel methodology is developed based on current commercial reliability tools to guarantee its high accuracy on circuit-level aging analysis. Existing proven low-level mathematical models are further enhanced to extensively speed up a higher level analysis by taking advantage of the explicit intermediate conditions stored in a pregenerated lookup table. Our results indicate ≥244X improved computational efficiency, ≤5% relative error, and ≤0.7% absolute error compared with commercial reliability analysis tools (e.g., HSPICE MOSRA).