Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruits, Vegetables, and Antioxidants and Risk of Gastric Cancer among Male Smokers

The effect of consumption of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants on the incidence of gastric cancer is inconclusive. In this prospective cohort study, we report the association of dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, antioxidants, and baseline serum levels of antioxidants with subsequent incidence of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). Participants of this study were 29,133 male smokers recruited into the α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention study between 1985 and 1988. At baseline, a self-administered food use questionnaire with 276 food items was used to assess dietary intake. Baseline serum samples were stored at −70°C. During a median follow-up of 12 years, 243 incident gastric adenocarcinomas (64 GCC and 179 GNCC) were diagnosed in this cohort, of whom 220 (57 GCC and 163 GNCC) had complete dietary information. For GCC, high dietary intake of retinol was protective [hazard ratio (HR), 0.46; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.27-0.78], but high intake of α-tocopherol (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.20-3.54) and γ-tocopherol (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13-3.34) increased risk. For GNCC, higher intakes of fruits (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.71), vitamin C (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.86), α-tocopherol (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55-1.10), γ-tocopherol (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96), and lycopene (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95) were protective. Our results suggest a difference in the effect of some of these exposures on GCC and GNCC. Tocopherols were associated with higher risk of GCC, whereas dietary intake of fruits, vitamin C, tocopherols, and lycopene seemed protective for GNCC.
Extracting Functional Dependencies in Large Datasets Using MapReduce Model

Over the last few years, data are generated in large volume at a faster rate and there has been a remarkable growth in the need for large scale data processing systems. As data grows larger in size, data quality is compromised. Functional dependencies representing semantic constraints in data are important for data quality assessment. Executing functional dependency discovery algorithms on a single computer is hard and laborious with large data sets. MapReduce provides an enabling technology for large scale data processing. The open-source Hadoop implementation of MapReduce has provided researchers a powerful tool for tackling large-data problems in a distributed manner. The objective of this study is to extract functional dependencies between attributes from large datasets using MapReduce programming model. Attribute entropy is used to measure the inter attribute correlations, and exploited to discover functional dependencies hidden in the data.
Signature-based testing for adaptive digitally-calibrated pipelined analog-to-digital converters

This paper presents a new methodology for testing the adaptive digitally-calibrated pipelined ADCs. By the using the uncalibrated output codes, the health of the ADC under test can be reliably examined. We propose using “the error signature” which is obtained by integrating the absolute difference between the uncalibrated and exact output codes as a response to applying an on-chip generated test stimulus. In contrast with the existing approaches, our method has three achievements. First, it avoids the margin degradation masking that might be caused by the adaptive calibration engine, and hence our test results are more reliable. Second, it relaxes the need for highly sophisticated ATEs and requires shorter test time. Third, the results can be efficiently used for device binning. The method is scalable and can be applied to low as well as high resolutions ADCs. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method1.
Adherence and HIV RNA Suppression in the Current Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:We examined trends in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV RNA suppression and estimated the minimum cutoff of adherence to newer HAART formulations needed for HIV RNA suppression by regimen type. Methods:We used Veterans Affairs pharmacy dispensing data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort between October 2000 and September 2010 and defined adherence as the duration of time the patient had the medications available, relative to the total number of days between refills for all antiretrovirals in a year. Temporal trends in adherence and viral load suppression were examined by the patient's most frequently used HAART regimen in the year. The minimum needed adherence was defined as the level at which the odds of suppression was not significantly different than that observed with ≥95% adherence using repeated-measures logistic regression. Results:A total of 21,865 HAART users contributed 82,217 person-years of follow-up. There was a significant increase (Ptrend < 0.001) in the proportion virally suppressed even among those with <95% adherence (2001: 38% to 2010: 84%), and the trend was similar when restricting to their first HAART regimen. For nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor multi-pill users, the odds of suppression did not differ for 85%–89% adherence compared to those with ≥95% adherence [odds ratios: 0.82 (0.64–1.04)], but for protease inhibitor users, the odds of suppression significantly differed if adherence levels were <95% compared to ≥95% adherence. Conclusions:Although all HIV-infected persons should be instructed to achieve perfect adherence, concerns of slightly lower adherence should not hinder prescribing new HAART regimens early in HIV infection.
Channel coupling and shape resonance effects in the photoelectron angular distributions of the 3 sigma g-1 and 2 sigma u-1 channels of N2.

We report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions for the 3sigma/sub g//sup -1/ and 2sigma/sub u//sup -1/ photoionization channels of N/sub 2/ from their thresholds up to 35 and 37.5 eV, respectively. The asymmetry parameter . beta. for the 2sigma/sub u//sup -1/ channel exhibits a broad dip in the range h.nu. approx.27--32 eV that was recently predicted theoretically to arise from shape-resonance-enhanced continuum-continuum coupling between the 3sigma/sub g//sup -1/ and 2sigma/sub u//sup -1/ ionization channels. The . beta. parameter for the 3sigma/sub g//sup -1/ channel exhibits a prominent feature at h.nu. approx.23 eV, which is tentatively attributed to the autoionization of a doubly excited valencelike state. Otherwise, the gross shape of the 3sigma/sub g//sup -1/ . beta. curve is in good agreement with independent-electron calculations, which realistically reflect the influence of the well-known sigma/sub u/ shape resonance in this channel.
A DNA sequence analysis program for the Apple Macintosh

This paper describes a new set of programs for analyzing DNA sequences using the Apple Macintosh computer, a computer ideally suited for this kind of analysis. Because of the Macintosh interface and the availability of high quality software-only speech synthesis, these programs are truly easy to use. Instead of typing in commands, the user directs the program by making selections with the mouse, thereby eliminating most typographical and syntax errors. Output options are selected by "pressing buttons" and then clicking "OK" with the mouse. DNA sequences are confirmed by having the program speak them. The high resolution graphics on the Macintosh not only allow for explanatory diagrams to be used to aid in deciding on input parameters, but can be used to produce slides for presentations and figures for papers. Because of the clipboard and the ability of the Macintosh to readily share data among different applications, data can be saved for use directly in word processing documents (e.g. manuscripts).
Specificity of L1 Peptides versus Virus-Like Particles for Detection of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Lesions in Females Attending Engativa Hospital, Bogota, Colombia

ABSTRACT A serological test for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females at risk of developing cervical cancer could be based on conserved L1 peptides with low levels of antigenicity specifically recognized by antibodies from patients with cervical lesions infected with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. The aim was to assess the ability of L1 peptides 18283, 18294, and 18301 compared with the ability of virus-like particles (VLPs) to identify these infections in females. A total of 391 HPV-infected female volunteers were interviewed, and peripheral blood and cervical cells were obtained for detection of anti-HPV antibodies and HPV DNA; all of the patients had a Pap smear test; 287 patients were referred for colposcopy or biopsy, according to gynecological criteria. The level of agreement, as determined by the use of the Lin coefficient (rho value), showed that 75 to 83% of females with HR-HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions had antibodies that recognized VLPs and peptide 18283, 18294, or 18301, while 15 to 23% of the HPV DNA-negative females with a normal cytology had antibodies that recognized these three peptides and 45% had antibodies that recognized VLPs. The rate of agreement between peptides and VLPs for antibody detection was higher for patients with HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions. Peptides 18283, 18294, and 18301 showed similar sensitivities for the detection of HR-HPV DNA-positive cervical lesions and were more specific than VLPs. Peptide 18301 might be detecting protective antibodies in HPV DNA-negative females with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. These peptides could be useful for the design of a serology test for the detection of HR-HPV infection in females with cervical lesions and at risk of cervical cancer.
Shifts in Kinesthesis through Time and after Active and Passive Movement

The position sense of a stationary arm was investigated subsequent to an horizontally adductive movement with axis the shoulder joint. The right arm was the treated arm: it reached a test position actively, using minimal voluntary effort, or passively from each of 10 starting positions. The blindfolded S localized the index finger of the treated arm by attempting to touch it with the index finger of his left hand. The results indicate that subsequent to active movement the final position of a limb is more accurately known than a position resulting from passive movement. A second finding is that concomitant with both forms of limb placement there is a unidirectional drift of perceived limb position over trials.
A Spectral Unmixing Method with Ensemble Estimation of Endmembers: Application to Flood Mapping in the Caprivi Floodplain

The Caprivi basin in Namibia has been affected by severe flooding in recent years resulting in deaths, displacements and destruction of infrastructure. The negative consequences of these floods have emphasized the need for timely, accurate and objective information about the extent and location of affected areas. Due to the high temporal variability of flood events, Earth Observation (EO) data at high revisit frequency is preferred for accurate flood monitoring. Currently, EO data has either high temporal or coarse spatial resolution. Accurate methodologies for the estimation and monitoring of flooding extent using coarse spatial resolution optical image data are needed in order to capture spatial details in heterogeneous areas such as Caprivi. The objective of this work was the retrieval of the fractional abundance of water ( γ w ) by applying a new spectral indices-based unmixing algorithm to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Full Resolution (MERIS FR) data using a minimum number of spectral bands. These images are technically similar to the OLCI image data acquired by the Sentinel-3 satellite, which are to be systematically provided in the near future. The normalized difference wetness index (NDWI) was applied to delineate the water surface and combined with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to account for emergent vegetation within the water bodies. The challenge to map flooded areas by applying spectral unmixing is the estimation of spectral endmembers, i.e., pure spectra of land cover features. In our study, we developed and applied a new unmixing method based on the use of an ensemble of spectral endmembers to capture and take into account spectral variability within each endmember. In our case study, forty realizations of the spectral endmembers gave a stable frequency distribution of γ w . Quality of the flood map derived from the Envisat MERIS (MERIS) data was assessed against high (30 m) spatial resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images on two different dates (17 April 2008 and 22 May 2009) during which floods occurred. The findings show that both the spatial and the frequency distribution of the γ w extracted from the MERIS data were in good agreement with the high-resolution TM retrievals. The use of conventional linear unmixing, instead, applied using the entire available spectra for each image, resulted in relatively large differences between TM and MERIS retrievals.
Changes in morbidity and chronic disability in the U.S. elderly population: evidence from the 1982, 1984, and 1989 National Long Term Care Surveys.

We examined changes in the reported prevalence of 16 medical conditions in the U.S. population age 65 and above using data from the 1982, 1984, and 1989 National Long Term Care Surveys. Changes in those disease prevalence rates were examined both as observed, and after standardizing for changes in the age, sex, and disability distributions in the U.S. elderly population between 1982 and 1989. We found significant declines in the net prevalence of the 16 medical conditions between 1982 and 1989. Significant changes were found in different disability, age, and gender groups and after standardizing for declines in disability in addition to age and sex. The declines in morbidity reported between 1982 and 1989 are consistent with the declines reported in the 1982 and 1989 National Long Term Care Surveys in the age and sex standardized prevalence of chronic disability and institutionalization.
Resistant hypertension: an approach to management in primary care

Hypertension is widely encountered in family medicine. Despite its prevalence, many patients have uncontrolled or difficult-to-control blood pressure. Resistant hypertension is defined as hypertension that is poorly responsive to treatment and requires the use of multiple medications to achieve acceptable blood pressure ranges. It may be a consequence of secondary hypertension or have no identifiable cause. Resistant hypertension is important to recognise because it places patients at risk of end-organ damage. Primary care physicians should be aware of the therapeutic approach for hypertension when traditional therapy fails. This article aims to familiarise readers with the evaluation and management of resistant hypertension by outlining the most recent evidence-based treatment options.
Gestão de Custo e Viabilidade de Implantação de Piscicultura no Município de Urupá em Rondônia, Amazônia – Brasil.

A piscicultura e uma atividade lucrativa e se bem manejada pode proporcionar ganhos acima da taxa minima de atratividade comercial. Este estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade economica da implantacao e manutencao do cultivo de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) na Piscicultura Luna no municipio de Urupa-RO durante o periodo de 2009 a 2014, com projecao para mais cinco ciclos de producao; demonstrar com argumentos interpretativos e tecnicos sobre os indicadores economicos, com enfase no periodo de retorno de capital (Payback); valor presente liquido (VPL) e taxa interna de retorno (TIR). As ferramentas utilizadas nesse trabalho foram a observacao direta, a analise de documentacao contabil, entrevista e a historia de vida do proprietario. Os dados analisados apresentaram um custo de 84,77% com racao, dos alevinos e de engorda. Ja o Payback de 6 anos e 1 mes, considerando o valor da terra nua e taxa interna de retorno acima de 15% a partir do 6o ano. Demais projecoes realizadas demonstraram viabilidade economica da atividade, mesmo com aquisicao do terreno para a producao de pescado; com potencial de gerar riqueza em decorrencia de suas caracteristicas operacionais, independentemente de ser implantada com recursos proprios ou financiada. O produtor antes de iniciar a atividade devera estudar o mercado, de modo a atender todas as exigencias legais para garantir uma producao sustentavel, socialmente e ecologicamente corretos, por meio da assistencia tecnica.
Review of studies that have used knockout mice to assess normal function of prion protein under immunological or pathophysiological stress

Deletion of cellular isoform of prion protein (PrPC) increases neuronal predisposition to damage by modulating apoptosis and the negative consequences of oxidative stress. In vivo studies have demonstrated that PrPC‐deficient mice are more prone to seizure, depression, and induction of epilepsy and experience extensive cerebral damage following ischemic challenge or viral infection. In addition, adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of PrPC reduces brain damage in rat models of cerebral ischemia. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, PrPC‐deficient mice reportedly have a more aggressive disease onset and less clinical improvement during the chronic phase than wild‐type mice mice. In mice given oral dextran sulfate, PrPC has a potential protective role against inflammatory bowel disease. PrPC‐deficient mice demonstrate significantly greater increases in blood glucose concentrations after intraperitoneal injection of glucose than wild‐type mice. Further in vivo challenges to PrP gene‐deficient models and conditional knockout models with siRNA and in vivo administration of PrP‐ligating agents may assist in refining knowledge of the lymphoid function of PrPC and predicting the effects of anti‐PrP treatment on the immune system. Together, these findings indicate that PrPC may have multiple neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory roles, which explains why this protein is so widely expressed.
Automatic Retrieval With Locality Information Using SMART

The Smart project at Cornell University, using a completely automatic approach for both routing and ad-hoc experiments, performed extremely well in the first Text Retrieval Conference. The basic ad-hoc approach uses local/global matching to achieve its results. A global match ensures that each retrieved document uses the same vocabulary as the query; a local match then attempts to guarantee some local part of the document (eg, a paragraph or sentence) focuses on the query algorithm is used for routing experiments
In‐vitro differentiation of cells of patients with acute undifferentiated leukaemia

Summary The diagnosis of acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) is made when the cells of patients with acute leukaemias cannot be classified as myeloid or lymphoid by means of morphological, cytochemical and immunological criteria. The mononuclear cells of eight different AUL patients were cultured in suspension for 3 d with or without TPA. After culture, especially in the presence of TPA, the cells of all patients expressed at least one myeloid membrane antigen. It was shown that this antigen expression was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and not influenced by inhibition of proliferation.
INTENSIDADES Y DEMANDAS DE DUCTILIDAD DE SISMOS RECIENTES EN LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO

Con el objeto de estudiar la distribucion de intensidades de los sismos de febrero de 1988 y abril 1989 en la Ciudad de Mexico, con parametros representativos de su capacidad destructiva, en este trabajo se presentan los mapas de valores principales maximos de la intensidad de Arias para ambos eventos, asi como tres mapas de demandas maxima de ductilidad del sismo 1989, para diferentes intervalos de periodos. Esta informacion reafirma la existencia de zonas de alta sismicidad dentro de la zona del lago, asociadas a la interaccion de las irregularidades topograficas y geotecnicas de la ciudad; asimismo, pone en evidencia la necesidad de actualizar la zonificacion sismica vigente, en particular en reconocer la alta sismicidad de la zona del lago que se extiende entre Xochimilco y Tlahuac.
Slow feature action prototypes effect assessment in mechanism for recognition of biological movement ventral stream

In analysis of the brain and visual system functionality, scientific evidence points to two independent processing pathways in recognising biological movement, i.e. dorsal and ventral streams. Motion information generated in the dorsal processing stream is presented as fuzzy optical flow division while ventral processing stream with information of the object form is implemented as an active basis model. The recognition task however still requires decision-making and mutual interaction between these pathways. This process is done using slow features as action prototypes dictionary of biological movements. For motion information interaction, dorsal pathway guides the shared sketch algorithm that leads to decision-making for a more accurate outcome. Extreme learning machine classifier is used for decision-making unit kernel. The proposed approach is tested on the KTH human action database videos. Good performances are indicated compared to existing methods, with good interaction between dorsal and ventral processing streams.
A novel two phase heuristic routing technique in digital microfluidic biochip

Efficient routing and cross-contamination minimization are two interrelated challenging areas in Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB). This paper proposes a two phase heuristic technique for routing droplets on a two-dimensional DMFB. Initially it attempts to route maximum number of nets in a concurrent fashion depending on the evaluated value of a proposed function named Interfering Index (IInet). Next the remaining nets having interfering index values higher than threshold will be routed considering various constraints in DMFB framework. Our method will check all the conflict arises between various routing paths from same assay or from different assays and also with the unsuccessful routing paths from the first phase (if any). If conflict occurs it determines the conflict zone on the chip as Critical Region(CR). Another metric named Routable Ratio (RR) is proposed and depending on RR metric, our method prioritized the routing order among conflicting paths(nets) to avoid deadlock from there onwards till the droplet reaches its target location. Experimental results on Benchmark suites III show our proposed technique reduces latest arrival time upto certain extent but significantly reduces average assay execution time and number of used cell compared to earlier routing methods for DMFB.
Molecular photoacoustic tomography of breast cancer using receptor targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents

In this report, we present a breast imaging technique combining high‐resolution near‐infrared (NIR) light induced photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with NIR dye‐labeled amino‐terminal fragments of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NIR830‐ATF‐IONP) for breast cancer imaging using an orthotopic mouse mammary tumor model. We show that accumulation of the targeted nanoparticles in the tumor led to photoacoustic contrast enhancement due to the high absorption of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). NIR fluorescence images were used to validate specific delivery of NIR830‐ATF‐IONP to mouse mammary tumors. We found that systemic delivery of the targeted IONP produced 4‐ and 10‐fold enhancement in photoacoustic signals in the tumor, compared to the tumor of the mice that received non‐targeted IONP or control mice. The use of targeted nanoparticles allowed imaging of tumors located as deep as 3.1 cm beneath the normal tissues. Our study indicates the potential of the combination of photoacoustic tomography and receptor‐targeted NIR830‐ATF‐IONP as a clinical tool that can provide improved specificity and sensitivity for breast cancer detection. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)