Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instability of Dynamic- $R_{\text ON}$ and Threshold Voltage in GaN-on-GaN Vertical Field-Effect Transistors

This paper investigates the recoverable degradation of GaN-on-GaN vertical transistors under positive gate bias stress. Based on combined pulsed measurements and constant voltage stress test, we demonstrate the following original results: 1) when subjected to moderate gate stress (0 V <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< {V}_{\text {GS}}< {3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V), the devices show a negative threshold voltage shift, which is correlated with a decrease in on-resistance. This process is ascribed to the detrapping of electrons from the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> insulator, induced by a low positive bias and 2) for high stress bias (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}\ge {5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V), a strong positive shift in threshold voltage is observed. This effect, which shows a slow recovery, is ascribed to the injection of electrons from the accumulation region (channel) toward the dielectric. Temperature-dependent measurements and 2-D simulations were carried out to support the hypothesis on degradation, and to evaluate the contribution of surface and bulk current in the n-GaN drift layer.
Cognitive Internet-of-Things solutions enabled by wireless sensor and actuator networks

In this paper, the design and development of wireless sensor and actuator networks that enable Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions are investigated from the perspective of cognitive infocommunications. The reasons, requirements, and issues related to adaptive systems and architectures are presented, and the corresponding intra-cognitive and inter-cognitive communications are examined. The current and future roles of infocommunications in the design of IoT solutions are indicated via several case experiments in different application domains.
Simplified prediction rule for prognosis of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To develop a simplified prognostic prediction rule for patients admitted to ICUs for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). SETTING Six ICUs in the north of France. PATIENTS Five hundred five patients admitted to ICUs over a 9-year period (from 1987 to 1995) for severe CAP. INTERVENTIONS Retrospective prognosis analysis and multivariate analysis using a credit scoring technique. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was ICU mortality. RESULTS Among the 505 patients, 472 were eligible for the prognosis study. The ICU mortality rate was 22.9%. Multivariate analysis identified, on the basis of the patient's medical history and initial examination on ICU admission, six independent predictors of mortality: age > or = 40 years, anticipated death within 5 years, nonaspiration pneumonia, chest radiograph involvement > 1 lobe, acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and septic shock. An initial risk score based on these factors classified patients into three risk classes of increasing mortality: 4% in class I, 25% in class II, and 60% in class III. Multivariate analysis of events occurring during ICU stay identified three independent predictors of mortality: hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract superinfections, nonspecific CAP-related complications, and sepsis-related complications. An adjustment risk score based on these factors was essential to accurately predict the final outcome of patients in the initial risk class II. CONCLUSIONS As an aid to clinicians in stratifying the prognosis of patients with severe CAP, the simplified prediction rule used in this study could be useful for therapeutic decisions and appropriate care.
AUTOMATICALLY IDENTIFYING DEVELOPER GOALS AND SYMPTOMS IN Q&A FORUMS TO HELP FORUM SEARCH AND MINING

When software developers need help with their development or maintenance task, they seek information from other developers using question and answer forums. Developers often search the forum by submitting queries, which results in a ranked listing of posts displayed as question title and excerpt from the question description. This thesis presents a technique to automatically extract the questioner’s softwarerelated goals and symptoms from the question description. We show how explicit identification of goal and symptom information can help developers determine relevance of search results. Classification of natural language text in forums could also be useful to improve forum mining techniques for other purposes.
‘When Shall We Three Meet Again’ PPRIG as a Practitioner–Practitioner–Researcher Collaboration Approach

This paper presents, discusses, and illustrates the practitioner–practitioner–researcher inquiry group (PPRIG) as a novel collaborative research approach involving practitioners as active partners instead of passive informants. Based on involvement of inside and outside practitioners vis-a-vis a particular organization, PPRIG taps into outside practitioners’ specific potential for alternative ways of observing, reflecting, and sense-making, to better explore and understand the how and why of management phenomena and to develop practical solutions. By systematically adding an outside practitioner perspective to the widespread insider (practitioner) and outsider (researcher) perspective in collaborative research, PPRIG responds to certain key criticisms of collaborative methods by giving precise guidelines for achieving such collaboration. PPRIG thus complements and extends existing research methods in the field of collaborative research. Moreover, by addressing the communication and collaboration challenges with a structured three-step approach, it addresses key criticisms and answers fundamental questions about how to conduct collaboration between researchers and practitioners.
Is continued weight gain inevitable in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Prevention and treatment of obesity are major clinical problems encountered in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); indeed, up to 90% of such patients are regarded as being overweight. Except for a brief period following diagnosis, when presumably enthusiasm to adopt lifestyle change is at its greatest, weight gain is generally progressive unless severe hyperglycaemia or complications inter vene. Even a relatively modest weight loss of 10% can have major benefits in terms not only of reducing the risk of developing DM in the first place, but also in improving metabolic control after the disorder has become established. Behavioural therapy (BT) in combination with a hypocaloric diet achieves weight loss in the short-term, but is poorly sustained in the long-term. Exercise has metabolic benefits beyond its rather minimal effects on short-term weight loss in that it may also aid long-term weight control. The difficulties encountered in maintaining lifestyle change do, however, suggest the need for ongoing intervention - perhaps including a regular period on a stricter dietary regimen (800-1000 kcalday-1), possibly a very low calorie diet (VLCD) (<800 kcalday-1) or even the use of orlistat, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor which reduces the absorption of dietary fat. Realistically, the aim should be for long- term weight stability.
Joint optimisation of capacity and safety stock allocation

We study the joint optimisation of capacity and safety stock allocation in assembly systems. Particularly, we consider capacitated systems with base-stock policies and periodic review. Capacity allocation is restricted by budget constraints, which can connect multiple systems. Our objective is to minimise overall inventory holding costs while satisfying service level as well as budget constraints. We propose an algorithm to jointly approximate optimal capacity allocation and base-stock levels. To this end, we introduce a set of convex approximations for this non-convex optimisation problem. In order to solve the resulting convex programmes, we analytically compute sample path derivatives via infinitesimal perturbation analysis. By iteratively adapting the approximations, we achieve good capacity allocations and base-stock levels for the original problem. Furthermore, we introduce a heuristic to allocate capacity, which originates from link capacity allocation in communication networks and use it as a benchmark. The algorithm is applied to small illustrative examples as well as cases motivated by the semiconductor manufacturing process at IBM Systems. It turns out that particularly for high utilisation levels, our algorithm can achieve significant improvements compared to the capacity allocation heuristic.
A high-performance branch predictor design considering memory capacity limitations

Pipeline flush due to the flow change of instruction can be a huge degradation factor in modern processors since the branch instructions consist of more than 20 % of all instructions when running a program. However, with a characteristic called branch locality, the result of branch execution is predictable. By utilizing branch locality, there have been a lot of researches to improve the prediction rate of branch predictor however, most of these did not consider the memory capacity so that they cannot be implemented to the embedded systems. Therefore, we propose a new scheme with high prediction rate while maintaining low memory consumption. The new scheme uses an XOR gate to diversify the Pattern History Table (PHT) index. However, the last 6 bits of the index are replaced with PC addresses to enhance the distinction ability of branch instruction addresses. The simulation was executed using SimpleScalar 3.0 simulator, and benchmarks from SPEC CPU2000. Based on the simulation result, this new structure achieved higher prediction rate while maintaining the low memory consumption. Consequently, the new scheme is the most appropriate branch predictor among comparison group presented in this paper.
Match-play Activity Profile in Elite Women's Rugby Union Players

Abstract Suarez-Arrones, L, Portillo, J, Pareja-Blanco, F, Sáez de Villareal, E, Sánchez-Medina, L, and Munguía-Izquierdo, D. Match-play activity profile in elite women's rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 452–458, 2014—The aim of this study was to provide an objective description of the locomotive activities and exercise intensity undergone during the course of an international-level match of female rugby union. Eight players were analyzed using global positioning system tracking technology. The total distance covered by the players during the whole match was 5,820 ± 512 m. The backs covered significantly more distance than the forwards (6,356 ± 144 vs. 5,498 ± 412 m, respectively). Over this distance, 42.7% (2,487 ± 391 m) was spent standing or walking, 35% jogging (2,037 ± 315 m), 9.7% running at low intensity (566 ± 115 m), 9.5% at medium intensity (553 ± 190 m), 1.8% at high intensity (105 ± 74 m), and 1.2% sprinting (73 ± 107 m). There were significant differences in the distance covered by forwards and backs in certain speed zones. Analysis of the relative distance traveled over successive 10-minute period of match play revealed that the greatest distances were covered during the first (725 ± 53 m) and the last (702 ± 79 m) 10-minute period of the match. The average number of sprints, the average maximum distance of sprinting, the average minimum distance of sprinting, and the average sprint distance during the game were 4.7 ± 3.9 sprints, 20.6 ± 10.5 m, 5.8 ± 0.9 –m, and 12.0 ± 3.8 m, respectively. There were substantial differences between forwards and backs. Backs covered greater total distance, distance in certain speed zones, and sprinting performance. The players spent 46.9 ± 28.9% of match time between 91 and 100% of maximum heart rate and experienced a large number of impacts (accelerometer data and expressed as g forces) during the game. These findings offer important information to design better training strategies and physical fitness testing adapted to the specific demands of female rugby union.
An integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane localizes to the mitotic spindle in mammalian cells

Here, we characterize a transmembrane protein of the nuclear envelope that we name spindle-associated membrane protein 1 (Samp1). The protein is conserved in metazoa and fission yeast and is homologous to Net5 in rat and Ima1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that, in human cells, the protein is a membrane-spanning polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa. This is consistent with a predicted polypeptide of 392 amino acids that has five transmembrane segments and its C-terminus exposed to the nucleoplasm. During interphase, Samp1 was specifically distributed in the inner nuclear membrane. Post-transcriptional silencing of Samp1 expression resulted in separation of centrosomes from the nuclear envelope, indicating that it is functionally connected to the cytoskeleton. At the onset of mitosis, most of the protein dispersed out into the ER, as expected. However, during mitosis, a significant fraction of the protein specifically localized to the polar regions of the mitotic spindle. We demonstrate for the first time, in human cells, the existence of a membranous structure overlapping with the mitotic spindle. Interestingly, another integral inner nuclear membrane protein, emerin, was absent from the spindle-associated membranes. Thus, Samp1 defines a specific membrane domain associated with the mitotic spindle.
Efficacy and safety of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) for prevention of koi herpesvirus disease.

OBJECTIVE To investigate safety and efficacy of a cyprinid herpesvirus type 3 (CyHV3) modified-live virus vaccine for the prevention of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVd). ANIMALS 420 healthy koi (Cyprinus carpio koi). PROCEDURES Fish were vaccinated with a 1× dose or 10× overdose of CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine or a placebo through bath exposure in tanks at 22°C. Horizontal transmission of vaccine virus was evaluated by commingling unvaccinated and vaccinated fish. Efficacy was evaluated by challenge exposure of vaccinated and naïve fish to a wild-type virus. Fish that died were submitted for quantitative PCR assay for CyHV3 and histologic evaluation. RESULTS The CyHV3 vaccine was safe and efficacious, even at a 10× overdose. Vaccine-associated mortality rate was inversely associated with body weight, with a cumulative mortality rate of 9.4% (18/192) in fish weighing ≤ 87 g and no deaths in fish weighing > 87 g (0/48). Horizontal transfer of vaccine virus from vaccinates to naïve fish was negligible. For efficacy, the vaccine provided a significant reduction in mortality rate after challenge exposure to a wild-type virus, with a prevented fraction of 0.83 versus the placebo control fish. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE KHVd is highly contagious and commonly leads to deaths in 80% to 100% of exposed fish, representing a major threat to koi and common carp populations throughout the world. The CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine had a favorable safety profile and was an effective vaccine for the control of KHVd in koi weighing > 87 g.
Sharing in the life of the person with disability: A Ghanaian perspective

This thought article was a hermeneutic inquiry into the experiences of informal caregivers of the elderly who are also physically disabled. The experiences of some Ghanaian informal caregivers were examined in three clinical cases and laced with the lived experiences of the author as an informal caregiver and clinician. Two processes were explored. The first relates to how a caregiver is changed through the experience of caregiving by examining the intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics affecting caregiving. Secondly, the positive ‘shifts’ that occurred in therapy were explored. In the present Ghanaian society it appears that care for the elderly disabled is compounded by the rapid migration of many Ghanaians to ‘greener pastures’ in search of a brighter future, with consequent empty homesteads and fragmentation of the socio-cultural practices that hitherto buttressed informal care for the aged. In the absence of well-established professional care facilities, informal caregiving with its numerous challenges has become the norm for many. This article posited that caregiver self-care is the most important, and yet often forgotten, aspect of informal caregiving. When this is neglected, caregiver burnout is sure to occur, which results in poor physical, mental and emotional health for the caregiver. In this state caregivers may injure both themselves and the care recipients.
Milk accumulation and distribution in the bovine udder during the interval between milkings

Summary The proportions of milk stored within the gland cistern (cisternal milk) and within secretory alveolar tissue (alveolar milk) were determined at various intervals after milking in peak lactation cows and late lactation cows. The rate of milk secretion remained constant up to 12 h in both groups. Cisternal milk remained low (600 g or less) until after 4 h in both groups, then increased gradually to values at 12 h of 5·08 (peak lactation) and 2·60 kg (late lactation). Alveolar milk exceeded cisternal milk in both groups and at all time points up to 12 h, and was greatest in the peak lactation cows. A further measurement was made at 20 h in the late lactation group. Milk secretion rate remained constant between 12 and 20 h and most of this additional milk accumulated in the cistern. Alveolar fraction, defined as alveolar milk as a proportion of total milk, ranged from 0·43 to 0·94 at 8 h. There was a highly significant correlation between 8 h and 20 h alveolar milk fraction results, but not between 1 h and 8 h values, nor between alveolar milk at 0 h (effectively residual milk) and alveolar fraction at any time point. The milk volume results were used to construct a mathematical model describing milk flow between cisternal and alveolar compartments, and hence the pattern of milk accumulation. The results are discussed in relation to current hypotheses regarding local autocrine control of milk secretion by a feedback inhibitor in milk.
Level of Entrepreneurship and Scanning Source Usage in Very Small Businesses

This study examined the relationship between entrepreneurship level and scanning source usage in an emerging industry composed of very small businesses. The sample included 450 randomly selected private physical therapy businesses. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Results suggest that very small businesses differentiate their scanning behaviors according to their level of entrepreneurship. Specifically, the “high” entrepreneurial group used human sources to gain information to a significantly greater degree than did either the “low” or “middle” groups. Written sources were used to the same degree by all groups.
Depression and cardiovascular diseases

We first review the asSociations between depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Then we examine them in the nationally representative Mini‐Finland Health Survey, which covers 8,000 persons. Chronic somatic diseases and mental disorders were diagnosed using standardized methods. Cross‐sectionally, CVDs and neurotic depression were asSociated both before and after adjustment for covariates. The strongest asSociations were observed in the case of severe CVDs. During a 6.6 year follow‐up, the risk of CVD death and coronary death was elevated in depressed persons both with and without CVDs at entry. Much of the cross‐sectional asSociation is probably due to depression caused by CVDs. The outcome of CVD may be poorer in depressed persons. The hypothesis that depression is a cause of CVDs requires further study.
Data-driven Pattern Analysis of Acknowledgments in the Biomedical Domain

Abstract Our motivation for conducting this research is driven by the lack of studies focusing on the acknowledgments sections of published papers. Another motivation is the lack of a study examining the countries and organizations mentioned in the acknowledgments section and their influence—something that cannot be analyzed using a citation or co-authorship relationship. Concentrating on the qualitative aspects of acknowledgments has been limited because of the atypical pattern of the acknowledgment section. Our research aims to identify useful information hidden within the acknowledgment sections of the articles stored in the PubMed Central database and to analyze a map of influence via a country-acknowledgment network. To solve the problems, we use the topic modeling to analyze topics of acknowledgments and conduct a basic network analysis to find the difference in the co-the country network and acknowledgment network. A word-embedding model is used to compare the semantic similarity that exists between the authors and countries extracted from our original dataset. The result of topic modeling suggests that funding has become a critical topic in acknowledgments. The results of network analysis indicate that some large countries work as hubs in terms of both implicitly and explicitly while revealing that some countries such as China do not frequently work with other countries. The word-embedding model built by acknowledgments suggests that the authors frequently referenced in acknowledgments are also likely to be referred to in a similar context. It also implies that the publishing country of a paper has little effect on whether it receives an acknowledgment from any other specific country. Through these results, we conclude that the content in acknowledgments extracted from the papers can be divided into two categories—funding and appreciation. We also find that there is no clear relationship between the publication country and the countries mentioned in the acknowledgment section.
[Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration: regression analysis versus Friedewald's formula].

BACKGROUND The Friedewald formula is used to estimate cholesterol of low density lipoprotein (LDL) from total cholesterol (CT), cholesterol of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG), but there are doubts about its precision. AIM To compare Friedewald formula and regression analysis for the calculation of LDL cholesterol. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty plasma samples from asymptomatic adults (aged 47.7 +/- 13 years, 50.6% male) were analyzed. CT, HDL, LDL and TG were determined by enzymatic methods. Friedewald formula (LDLc = CT-HDL-(TG/5)) and multiple regression analysis were applied to estimate LDL concentration. RESULTS Mean total cholesterol was 175.3 +/- 39.7 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol was 35.57 +/- 0.8 mg/dl and TG was 128.4 +/- 65.4 mg/dl. Mean values for LDL cholesterol were significantly higher than those estimated by the Friedewald formula (136.4 +/- 37.9 mg/dl and 114.1 +/- 37.4 mg/dl respectively, p < 0.001) with a mean underestimation of 16.4 +/- 11.7%. LDL cholesterol values were directly proportional to TG concentration. Multiple regression analysis (LDLr = -14.376 + (age x 0.198) + (CT x 0.949) + (HDL x -0.474) + (TG x -0.064) showed no statistical differences with those obtained by the enzymatic method. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the underestimation of LDL concentration by the Friedewald formula despite normal range of TG concentration. A multiple regression analysis should be used to estimate LDL concentration with precision.