Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned during requirements acquisition for COTS systems

Our customer was the procurement executive (PE) of the U.K. Ministry of Defense (MoD). The PE wanted new methods and software tools with which to manage requirements of a new naval platform that would take 20 years to develop. A consortium of four members (including the three authors) was asked to recommend commercial requirements engineering methods and software tools or products for trial by the PE. The consortium was chosen for its knowledge of and experience in MoD procedures and state-ofthe-art requirements engineering methods and software tools. The consortium had 11 weeks to make a recommendation to the PE. This led to considerable time pressures. However, it was decided that, where possible, standard commercial product selection procedures would be adhered to. Requirements acquisition involved both documents and stakeholders. Five meetings with six to 10 stakeholders took place over a three-week period, each divided into a review of the current requirements document and acquisition of new requirements. The final requirements document contained 133 atomic requirement statements in 22 basic hierarchies. To save time, market research was undertaken in parallel with requirements acquisition. An initial version of the requirements document was drafted as a questionnaire and sent to more than 30 candidate suppliers to determine the coverage of their products. A short list of six candidate products was produced from supplier responses to the questionnaire. Next, a set of 35 complex test cases for product evaluation was developed from the final requirements document. Five of the six short-listed suppliers demonstrated their products against the 35 test cases. During each evaluation, product compliance with these requirements was recorded by three members of the consortium using both quantitative scores and qualitative comments. After each evaluation, the final product-requirement compliance scores were agreed to by consortium members. These scores were then investigated using a range of analytic techniques. As a result, trial use of two requirements engineering software tools was recommended.
UK Industry Beta Risk

This paper reports investigations into monthly industry betas within the UK throughout the period 1/1/86 to 1/4/99. The simple market model was used to obtain estimates of industry betas. Initial estimation was carried out using OLS but, where the diagnostic statistics indicated the presence of ARCH effects, GARCH methodology was employed. After a satisfactory basic equation was obtained, the equations were re-estimated with dummy variables representing different stages of the trade cycle to ascertain whether the estimated betas were constant over the trade cycle. Some additional explanatory power was obtained. Finally additional dummy variables were added to the equations to see if the effects of the stock exchange crash in 1987 and/or the LIFFE/Euronext merger influenced the beta values. These were found to have little impact.
Web search clickstreams

Search engines are a vital part of the Web and thus the Internet infrastructure. Therefore understanding the behavior of users searching the Web gives insights into trends, and enables enhancements of future search capabilities. Possible data sources for studying Web search behavior are either server-side logs or client-side logs. Unfortunately, current server-side logs are hard to obtain as they are considered proprietary by the search engine operators. Therefore we in this paper present a methodology for extracting client-side logs from the traffic exchanged between a large user group and the Internet. The added benefit of our methodology is that we do not only extract the search terms, the query sequences, and search results of each individual user but also the full clickstream, i.e., the result pages users view and the subsequently visited hyperlinked pages. We propose a finite-state Markov model that captures the user web searching and browsing behavior and allows us to deduce users' prevalent search patterns. To our knowledge, this is the first such detailed client-side analysis of clickstreams.
Clinecal Applications of PET in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is responsible for 32% of all cancer deaths in men and 25% in women in the United States It also ranked first in women(17.3%)and ranked second in men(23.2%)of cancer death here in Taiwan. The incidence of lung cancer is still increasing globally. In United States, despite the curative intention to treat the disease, about 6% of patients are unresectable at surgery and 14% die in one year. Improvement of the diagnostic strategy in lung cancer is thus needed. Positron emission tomography(PET)imaging can reflect the biochemical processes in cancers. Due to the high cancer-to-background ratio in lung parenchyma, 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(FDG)has become the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical in the clinical oncology. The clinical applications of FDG PET imaging has moved beyond the clinical diagnosis and initial staging for lung cancer. The current applications of PET and especially PET-CT focus on the treatment planning for lung cancer. Continued advances in computer, electronic and crystal technology and development of new biotracers have resulted in improved management of lung cancer by functional PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and evaluation of therapeutic responses. PET and PET-CT has moved into the main stream of clinical applications, which may prove to impact greatly on the patient survival in the years to come.
A Structural Investigation of the Chinese Economy with a Hybrid Monetary Policy Rule

In this paper, we aim to understand how monetary policy is conducted in China and what the main sources of fluctuations in China’s business cycle are. To this end, we extend a standard New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions and investment-specific technology shocks. We incorporate a hybrid form of monetary policy rule and employ a Bayesian estimation strategy using Chinese data. We find that the People’s Bank of China conducts monetary policy by adjusting the policy rate in response to inflation, output growth as well as real money growth. We also find that neutral technology shocks are the main drivers of the fluctuations in output and consumption while the investment-specific technology shock is the primary source of the variation in investment. This paper offers a new way of examining the rule of China’s monetary policy and indicates a structural break of the neutral technology development that may have caused the slowing down of GDP growth since 2010.
The role of leadership in fostering organisational identity and organisational identification to support successful change

A mixed-method study—incorporating systematic and meta-analytic reviews and qualitative methodologies—which examined the key leadership elements influencing successful organisational change, in addition to investigating the role of leadership in fostering organisational identity and organisational identification during change. The study established positive and significant relationships between key research constructs and developed a competency model focused on the leadership of change.
Color change and camouflage in juvenile shore crabs Carcinus maenas

Camouflage is perhaps the most widespread anti-predator defense in nature, with many different types thought to exist. Of these, resembling the general color and pattern of the background (background matching) is likely to be the most common. Background matching can be achieved by adaptation of individual appearance to different habitats or substrates, behavioral choice, and color change. Although the ability to change coloration for camouflage over a period of hours or days is likely to be widely found among animals, few studies have quantified this against different backgrounds. Here, we test whether juvenile shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) are capable of color change for camouflage by placing them on either black or white (experiment 1) or red and green (experiment 2) backgrounds. We find that crabs are capable of significant changes in brightness, becoming lighter on white backgrounds and darker on black backgrounds. Using models of predator (avian) vision, we show that these differences are large enough in many individuals to lead to perceptible changes in appearance. Furthermore, comparisons of crabs with the backgrounds show that changes are likely to lead to significant improvements in camouflage and potentially reduced detection probabilities. Crabs underwent some changes on the red and green backgrounds, but visual modeling indicated that these changes were very small and unlikely to be detectable. Our experiment shows that crabs are able to adjust their camouflage by changes in brightness over a period of hours, and that this could influence detection probability by predators.
Antarctic ozone depletion and trends in tropopause Rossby wave breaking

Trends in summer tropopause Rossby wave breaking (RWB) are examined using meteorological reanalyses and model integrations. The reanalyses for the last 30 years show large increases in RWB on the equatorward side of the tropospheric jet and weak decreases on the poleward side. Comparable changes in RWB are found in general circulation model integrations whose stratospheric ozone differs between 1960 and 2000 levels, but not in integrations that differ only in their greenhouse gas concentrations and sea‐surface temperatures. These results indicate that the formation of the ozone hole has led to changes in RWB frequency during southern summer. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Securebox: Toward Safer and Smarter IoT Networks

In this paper we present Securebox, an affordable and deployable platform for securing and managing IoT networks. Our proposal targets an alarming spot in the fast growing IoT industry where security is often overlooked due to device limitation, budget constraint, and development deadline. In contrast to existing host-centric and hardware-coupled solutions, Securebox empowers a cloud-assisted "charge for network service" model that is dedicated to budget and resource constrained IoT environments. Owing to its cloud-driven and modular design, Securebox allows us to 1) flexibly offload and onload security and management functions to the cloud and network edge components; 2) offer advanced security and management services to end users in an affordable and on-demand manner; 3) ease the upgrade and deployment of new services to guard against abrupt security breakouts. To demonstrate Securebox, we have implemented the platform consisting of a plug-n-play frontend, a Kubernetes-powered backend cluster, and a smartphone mobile application. Based on the testbed evaluation, we show that Securebox is robust and responsive. Its collaborative and extensible architecture enforces rapid update cycles and can scale with the growing diversity of IoT devices.
Layered, server-based support for object-oriented application development

This paper advocates the idea that the physical modularity (file structure) of application components supported by conventional OS environments can be elevated to the level of logical modularity, which in turn can directly support application development in an object-oriented manner. We demonstrate this idea through a system-wide server that manages the manipulation of such components effectively. The server is designed to be a fundamental operating system service responsible for binding and mapping component instances into client address spaces. We show how this model solves some longstanding problems with the management of application components in existing application development environments. We demonstrate that this model's effectiveness derives from its support for the cornerstones of OO programming: classes and their instances, encapsulation, and several forms of inheritance. <<ETX>>
An approach to the detection of bank robbery acts employing thermal image analysis

A novel approach to the detection of selected security-related events in bank monitoring systems is presented. Thermal camera images are used for the detection of people in difficult lighting conditions. Next, the algorithm analyses movement of objects detected in thermal or standard monitoring cameras using a method evolved from the motion history images algorithm. At the same time, thermal images are analyzed in order to detect regions of concentrated energy. The detection results are combined in order to detect unusual situations such as people gathered in a small area during the assault. Performance of the proposed system was verified employing a set of recordings of a simulated bank robbery, prepared by the authors in a real bank branch site.
Abnormal Storage of Norepinephrine in Experimental Hypertension in the Rat

The storage and release of 3H-norepinephrine in the hearts of rats made hypertensive by desoxycorticosterone and NaCl is reported. The initial uptake of the labeled catecholamine was similar in hypertensive and normotensive groups. After an intravenous injection of 3H-norepinephrine, there was a greater and more prolonged fall in specific activity of cardiac norepineph-rine in the first few hours in the hypertensive animals. Subcellular distribution studies showed that in the hearts from hypertensive rats a greater proportion of the labeled amine was present in the soluble-cytoplasmic fraction than in the granular-storage fraction. In control rats an equilibrium between soluble and granular fractions was reached by 1 hr, while in the hypertensives it was not achieved within 24 hr. In the first few hours there was a 45% fall in specific activity in the granular fraction of the hypertensive rats, but only a small re-deuction in the controls. There was an elevation in the fraction of deaminated metabolites in the hearts of the hypertensive animals, while in the kidneys all 3H-metabolites were increased. These observations are consistent with the concept that there is a defect in the storage and retention of norepinephrine by granules in sympathetic nerves in this type of experimental hypertension. Such an abnormality might permit increased amounts of physiologically active cate-cholamine to be available to the receptor.
Empirical evidences in favor of a varying-speed-of-light

Some empirical evidences in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light decreases by a few centimeters per second each year are examined. Lunar laser ranging data are found to be consistent with this hypothesis, which also provides a straightforward explanation for the so-called Pioneer anomaly, that is, a time-dependent blue-shift observed when analyzing radio tracking data from distant spacecrafts, as well as an alternative explanation for both the apparent time-dilation of remote events and the apparent acceleration of the Universe. The main argument against this hypothesis, namely, the constancy of fine-structure and Rydberg constants, is discussed. Both of them being combinations of several physical constants, their constancy imply that, if the speed of light is indeed time-dependent, then at least two other “fundamental constants” have to vary as well. This defines strong constraints, which will have to be fulfilled by future varying-speed-of-light theories.
FixDec: Fixed Spherical n Points Density-Based Clustering Technique for Cloth Simulation

— The ability to simulate cloth with crumpled effect is critical in virtual animation. Simulating a cloth model with realistic collision handling is a crucial issue due to the highly complex collision calculations. Researchers have proposed several techniques to solve the above issues; however, the weakness still remains particularly in collision handling computations. In this paper, a technique called Fixed Spherical n Points Density-based Clustering Technique (FixDeC) is introduced to reduce the collision handling computations once cloth surfaces have undergone crumpling processes. The collision checking procedure between cloth surfaces can only be performed when cloth surface points contained in the predefined spherical clusters. Any cloth surface points beyond the cluster region is ignored and removed from the collision calculation list. From the experiment, when compared to density-based clustering, a series of brute force collision checking is reduced due to the lesser amount of cloth surface points within the cluster that have to be considered for collision checking. Moreover, FixDeC can also ensure that two adjacent cloth surface points are not penetrating between each other even though the cloth surface is crumpled. The results revealed that the proposed technique has produced significant improvement in terms of collision calculation compared to the traditional approach. The FixDeC technique can guarantee penetration among cloth surfaces would not occur, and self-collision handling for cloth surfaces could be more efficient and robust.
Gradual Distributed Real-coded Genetic Algorithms Gradual Distributed Real-coded Genetic Algorithms

Genetic algorithm behavior is determined by the exploration/exploitation balance kept throughout the run. When this balance is disproportionate, the premature convergence problem will probably appear, causing a drop in the genetic algorithm's eecacy. One approach presented for dealing with this problem is the distributed genetic algorithm model. Its basic idea is to keep, in parallel, several subpopulations that are processed by genetic algorithms, with each one being independent from the others. Furthermore, a migration mechanism produces a chromosome exchange between the sub-populations. Making distinctions between the subpopulations by applying genetic algorithms with diierent conngurations, we obtain the so-called heterogeneous distributed genetic algorithms. These algorithms represent a promising way for introducing a correct exploration/exploitation balance in order to avoid the premature convergence problem and reach approximate nal solutions. In this paper, we present the gradual distributed real-coded genetic algorithms, a type of heterogeneous distributed real-coded genetic algorithms that apply a diierent crossover operator to each subpopulation. The importance of this operator on the genetic algorithm's performance made us to diierentiate between the subpopulations in this fashion. Using crossover operators presented for real-coded genetic algorithms, we implement three instances of gradual distributed real-coded genetic algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposals consistently outperform sequential real-coded genetic algorithms and homogeneous distributed real-coded genetic algorithms, which are equivalent to them, and other mechanisms presented in the literature for dealing with the premature convergence, ooering two main advantages at the same time, better reliability and accuracy.
Finite Element Analysis on Structural Stress of 32x32 InSb Focal Plane Arrays Integrated with Microlens Arrays

Basing on the temperature dependent elastic model of underfill and the Anand’s viscoplastic model of indium bumps, A three-dimension finite element model is developed to simulate the structural stress and its distribution in 32×32 InSb infrared focal plane arrays integrated with microlens arrays. To learn the stress and its distribution for large format array in a short time, a small 8×8 InSb IRFPAs is studied firstly, and the stress reaches the minimum with indium bump diameter 28μm, height 24μm. With the optimum typical structure, the stress in 32×32 InSb IRFPAs is obtained in a short time by twice over the arrays format from 8×8 to 32×32, Simulation results show that the largest Von Mises stress locates in InSb chip, as the array scale is enlarged, the Von Mises stress value in InSb chip is strongly determined by arrays format and almost increases linearly with array scale, but the Von Mises stress maximum in Si ROIC, underfill and indium bump almost keeps constant, and does not vary with increased array scale. The stress distribution for 32×32 arrays is uniform at contacting areas. These are favorable to reduce the crack in InSb chip, and improve the production ratio.
A Comparison of obstructive sleep apnoea detection using three different ECG derived respiration algorithms

In this paper, three different algorithms (QRS amplitude, PCA and kernel PCA) were applied to the ECG signal to extract information of the respiratory activity. Features were then extracted from the respiratory activity and used to classify sleep apnoea episodes using an Extreme Learning Machine classifier. Data from the first 60 minutes of the 35 ECG signal recordings from the MIT PhysioNet Apnea-ECG database was used throughout the study. Performance was measured with leave-on-record-out cross validation. The fan-out number for the ELM classifier was varied between one and ten. The results showed that the performance of the PCA algorithm was equal to or outscored the other two algorithms at all fan-out numbers we explored. Its highest performance was an accuracy of 79.4%, a sensitivity of 48.8%, and a specificity of 87.7% at a fan-out of ten.
Morphology of juvenile stages of Kuschelina bergi (Harold) with biological information (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini)

Abstract Kuschelina bergi (Harold, 1881) is being studied to be evaluated as a natural enemy of Phyla nodiflora var. minor (Hook.) N. O’Leary & Múlgura (Verbenaceae), an invasive weed in Australia. Eggs, and 1st and 3rd instar larvae are described and illustrated for the first time. The following characters distinguish Kuschelina bergi: presence of two medial setae in prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, absence of tubercle on sternum I and eight setae in abdominal segment IX. The 3rd instar larvae of Kuschelina bergi resemble Kuschelina gibbitarsa (Say) larvae: the body shape and details of mouthparts are similar, but the morphology of the mandible is different, as is the tarsungulus which has a single seta. Differences between Kuschelina bergi and other known larvae of Oedionychina are discussed. New biological data based on laboratory rearing and field observation are also presented and discussed.
Simulated evolution algorithm for multiobjective VLSI netlist bi-partitioning

In this paper the Simulated Evolution algorithm (SimE) is engineered to solve the optimization problem of multi-objective VLSI netlist bi-partitioning. The multi-objective version of the problem is addressed in which, power dissipation, timing performance, as well as cut-set are optimized while Balance is taken as a constraint. Fuzzy rules are used in order to design the overall multi-objective cost function that integrates the costs of three objectives in a single overall cost value. Fuzzy goodness functions are designed for delay and power, and proved efficient. A series of experiments are performed to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm. ISCAS-85/89 benchmark circuits are used and experimental results are reported and compared to earlier algorithms like GA and TS.
In vivo recovery of muscle contraction after alpha-bungarotoxin binding

Acetylcholine receptors were inactivated in vivo at the mouse neuromuscular junction using alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX). It was found that neurally produced muscle contraction recovered within 4-8 days (halftime similar to 3 days). Actinomycin D interfered with this recovery, but did not affect normal nerve-stimulated muscle contraction. If the response was initially eliminated by [125-I]alpha- BTX and the end plates examined by EM autoradiography, no evidence of mass internalization of bound radioactivity during recovery was seen. The fine structure of the end plates and muscle was unaltered during the post-alpha-BTX recovery period.