Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution-assisted ultrafast transfer of graphene-based thin films for solar cells and humidity sensors

Vacuum filtration enables the fabrication of large-area graphene-based membranes (GBMs), possessing a smoother surface than that by spray, spin coating or drop casting. However, due to the strong interaction with substrates, the separation of thin GBMs from the filter is problematic. Conventional stamping separation/transfer of graphene oxide (GO) thin films requires another substrate and pressing for >10 h, which may damage the delicate structure of the transfer substrates. Other methods require GO to be reduced on filters before separation, thus limiting the reduction methods. Inspired by a coagulation bath that enables rapid formation of ultrastrong GO fibers, we present an ultrafast (<1 min) and solution-assisted strategy to fabricate smooth and freestanding GO films. The diverse interfacial energy of hydrogen bonds also demonstrates another reason for the successful separation. The film thickness ranges from 45 nm to several micrometers. When used as a composite of counter electrodes in dye sensitized solar cells, it showed higher (8.58%) power conversion efficiency than its spin-(7.71%) and spray-coated (8.07%) counterparts. It also showed promising performance in capacitive humidity sensors. The capacitance varied by three orders of magnitude in the range of the relative humidity of 15%–95%. Therefore the strategy realizes an ultrafast and high-quality film production which is suitable for various applications.
Predictive Risk Modelling for Integrated Care: A Structured Review

If patients at risk of admission or readmission to hospital or other forms of care could be identified and offered suitable early interventions then their lives and long-term health may be improved by reducing the chances of future admission or readmission to care, and hopefully, their cost of care reduced. Considerable work has been carried out in this subject area especially in the USA and the UK. This has led for instance to the development of tools such as PARR, PARR-30, and the Combined Predictive Model for prediction of emergency readmission or admission to acute care. Here we perform a structured review the academic and grey literature on predictive risk tools for social care utilisation, as well as admission and readmission to general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. This is the first phase of a project in partnership with Docobo Ltd and funded by Innovate UK, in which we seek to develop novel predictive risk tools and dashboards to assist commissioners in Clinical Commissioning Groups with the triangulation of the intelligence available from routinely collected data to optimise integrated care and better understand the complex needs of individuals.
Structural Basis for Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinase Type Iγ Binding to Talin at Focal Adhesions*[boxs]

The cytoskeletal protein talin binds to a short C-terminal sequence in phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Iγ (PIPKIγ), activating the enzyme and promoting the local production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate, which regulates focal adhesion dynamics as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neuronal cells. Here we show by crystallographic, NMR, and calorimetric analysis that the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB)-like domain of talin engages the PIPKIγ C terminus in a mode very similar to that of integrin binding. However, PIPKIγ binds in the canonical PTB-peptide mode with an SPLH motif replacing the classic NPXY motif. The tighter packing of the SPLH motif against the hydrophobic core of talin may explain the stronger binding of PIPKIγ. Two tyrosine residues flanking the SPLH motif (Tyr-644 and Tyr-649) have been implicated in the regulation of talin binding. We show that phosphorylation at Tyr-644, a Src phosphorylation site in vivo, has little effect on the binding mode or strength, which is consistent with modeling studies in which the phosphotyrosine makes surface-exposed salt bridges, and we suggest that its strong activating effect arises from the release of autoinhibitory restraints in the full-length PIPKIγ. Modeling studies suggest that phosphorylation of Tyr-649 will likewise have little effect on talin binding, whereas phosphorylation of the SPLH serine is predicted to be strongly disruptive. Our data are consistent with the proposal that Src activity promotes a switch from integrin binding to PIPKIγ binding that regulates focal adhesion turnover.
Reperfusion after liver transplantation in rats differentially activates the mitogen‐activated protein kinases

The injury resulting from cold ischemia and warm reperfusion during liver transplantation is a major clinical problem that limits graft success. Kupffer cell activation plays a pivotal role in reperfusion injury, and Kupffer cell products, including free radicals and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), are implicated as damaging agents. However, the second messengers and signaling pathways that are activated by the stress of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess the activation of the three known vertebrate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and the activating protein 1 (AP‐1) transcription factor in response to ischemia and reperfusion in the transplanted rat liver. There was a potent, sustained induction of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not of the related MAPKs extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) or p38, upon reperfusion after transplantation. TNF‐α messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and transcription factors AP‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) were induced in the liver after 60 minutes of reperfusion. Finally, there was an elevation of ceramide, but not diacylglycerol or sphingosine, in the transplanted liver. Ceramide is a second messenger generated by TNF‐α treatment and is an activator of JNK. Because JNK activation preceded the elevations in ceramide and TNF‐α mRNA, these results suggest that increased hepatic TNF‐α and ceramide may perpetuate JNK induction, but that they are not the initiating signals of JNK activation during reperfusion injury in the transplanted liver.
Sunitinib Malate and Figitumumab in Solitary Fibrous Tumor: Patterns and Molecular Bases of Tumor Response

Antiangiogenic treatment activity has been reported in solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), a rare and little chemosensitive sarcoma. We explored the activity of sunitinib malate (SM) in SFT and studied receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation profile. Eleven patients with progressive metastatic SFT resistant to chemotherapy were treated with continuous-dosing 37.5 mg/d SM on a named-use basis. One of them also received the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) inhibitor figitumumab after developing secondary resistance to SM. Besides, biochemical, molecular, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were done in eight naïve SFTs whose cryopreserved material was available to clarify RTK upstream and downstream signaling. In two cases treated with SM and belonging to the naïve series, both pretreatment and posttreatment samples were available. Ten patients were evaluable for response to SM. The best response according to the Choi criteria was six partial response (all with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors stable disease), one stable disease, and three progressive disease. Responses lasted >6 months in five patients. The eight naïve samples showed high expression/phosphorylation of PDGFRB, epidermal growth factor receptor, and IGFIR/IR, in the presence of their cognate ligands. Downstream pathways revealed expression/activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1-2 and, closely related to SFT subtypes, of S6 and 4E-BP1. In two patients, whose pretreatment and posttreatment clinical and molecular status were available, biochemical data confirmed the activity of SM, although they also suggested a possible time-dependent shift of dominant RTK from PDGFRB to IGFIR/insulin receptor. A Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors partial response to figitumumab corroborated these findings. SM has antitumor activity in SFT, possibly through a PDGFRB-mediated mechanism, but treatments with IGFIR/insulin receptor and possibly epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are worth testing. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1286–97. ©2010 AACR.
Decentralization and Health in the Philippines: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidences

This study provides a systematic review and summary of the extant knowledge on the impacts of decentralization on health in the Philippines. Despite the country's twenty-five years of experience in decentralization, little is known about the topic. Overall, our survey shows that the existing scholarship on the impact of decentralization on health in the country is characteristically thin and with varying degree of methodological rigor. The limited available evidences point to some indication of positive impacts of decentralization on increasing government health expenditures and on improving health outcomes.
Effects of Acute Inflammation Induced in the Rat Paw on the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon

The tendon is commonly affected by inflammation, and in such situations, the tissue undergoes a process of reorganization of the extracellular matrix to improve and regenerate the affected region. Little is known about the mechanisms that trigger inflammation in the tissues surrounding the affected area. The objective of this study was to biochemically and morphologically analyze the deep digital flexor tendon at the peak of acute inflammation in the rat paw. Wistar rats were divided into the following three groups: those that received injection of 1% carrageenan, those that received 0.9% NaCl, and those that received nothing. The deep digital flexor tendon was divided into the distal, proximal, and intermediate regions. For biochemical analysis, the tendons were treated with guanidine hydrochloride and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and hydroxyproline were quantified, and metalloproteinases were analyzed. The GAGs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, toluidine blue, and Ponceau SS. The content of proteins and GAGs was smaller in the group receiving the application of carrageenan. The concentration of hydroxyproline in the two tendon regions that respond to tension forces was higher in the inflammation group. The metalloproteinase-9 was detected in the distal region, and a thicker epitenon with cellular infiltrate was observed in the groups with inflamed paws. Meanwhile, a better organization of collagen bundles was observed in the two tension regions of that same group. Our results show that although the tendon was not directly inflamed, changes in the surrounding structural and biochemical parameters were observed.
The Concept of "Sociocultural" in the Context of Risks and Threats: The Main Approaches in the Light of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

The content of the concept "sociocultural" and the concepts of "threat" and "risk" is clarified. It is noted that sociocultural and ideological threats are often subjective, not objective. The classification of social and cultural threats, stipulates that the potential threat of equivalent risk, the real threat to their threats, and updated threat danger. Presents a picture of research in the field of social and cultural threats and risks, the conclusion is made that the greatest attention is paid to issues such as ethnic and cultural diversity, migration, the problem of identity, cognitive, value, and technological factors affecting the state of society in terms globalization, regionalization, trans-nationalization of conflicts, as well as from the point of view of the formation of civil identity and national consolidation. It is noted that the investigation focused on the definition of resource growth points, such as the stability of the resource, the resource of tolerance, harmony resource in the field already recorded threats, and in recent years a positive trend forecasting planned completely new types of threats and risks that may become relevant already
Study on Sliding Mode Control with Reaching Law for DC Motor

The DC motor is a key element for servo system, and the control quality of control system would be seriously affected by the nonlinear, the parameter uncertain, the inaccurately modeling and some uncertain existing in servo system. So it is very difficult to satisfy control requirements by using the traditional control method. In this paper, the sliding mode control algorithm with reaching law is proposed. By using the reaching law to weaken the chattering phenomenon existed in the SMC, also by using the SMC method can enhance the antiinterference ability of the servo system. In order to test and verify the effectiveness of the proposed SMC with reaching law for the DC motor, the designed controller was dynamically simulated by using the MATLAB. It is shown from the simulation results that the proposed controller offers several advantages such as good chattering inhibition capability, fast response, good disturbance rejection capability, good position tracking capability and so forth. It is also revealed that the proposed control strategy is valid for the DC servo system from simulation results. The results also provide the certain theoretical basis and application value for engineering practice.
SCORE: An advanced assessment and feedback framework with a universal marking scheme in higher education

The technology enhanced learning is believed to be useful in representing the contexts and situations which are harder to explain verbally or bring to the classroom. One of the most important concerns in higher education is to ensure that the learning outcomes are achieved accordingly and learners acquire the desired capability. Most important techniques in supporting learning in higher education sector includes timely and detailed feedback to learners which must include both strengths and weaknesses of learner as well as the future implications of their performance. This paper proposes an online platform called Student Coursework Repository (SCORE) that enables academics to evaluate and provide effective online feedback to students in higher education sector. In this framework, a repository of different feedback mechanisms is made available to academic staff, irrespective of the modules and courses the students are enrolled in. SCORE builds on other literature and research work on feedback management and enables the delivery of other forms of feedback such as audio or video based feedback. SCORE aims to provide a consistent and common tool that can be used in a multidisciplinary environment and is sustainable to support an online and paperless environment.
Who Intends to Enroll in Entrepreneurship Education? Entrepreneurial Self-Identity as a Precursor

Entrepreneurial self-identity is attracting increasing attention as a potentially relevant variable in explaining the entrepreneurial process. So far, most research treats entrepreneurial self-identity as a consequence of, or, at the most, as being developed through the start-up process. In this article, in contrast, we analyze its role as a previous element that helps determine the entrepreneurial intention of individuals, the perceived usefulness of entrepreneurship education, and, indirectly, their interest in participating in entrepreneurship education courses. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of Italian university students and graduates (N = 88) with no previous participation in entrepreneurship education or self-employment experience. The results clearly support the proposed model. The implications of these results, if further confirmed, are highly relevant. They indicate that there is a strong risk of self-selection bias in most entrepreneurship education evaluation studies. This is due to an element of reversed causation in which participants who already exhibit a higher entrepreneurial self-identity are more interested in entrepreneurship. At the same time, these results also suggest that professionals and public decision-makers involved in fostering entrepreneurship should pay attention to the development of this entrepreneurial self-identity in childhood and adolescence.
Using contribution analysis to evaluate the impacts of research on policy: Getting to ‘good enough’

Assessing societal impacts of research is more difficult than assessing advances in knowledge. Methods to evaluate research impact on policy processes and outcomes are especially underdeveloped, and are needed to optimize the influence of research on policy for addressing complex issues such as chronic diseases. Contribution analysis (CA), a theory-based approach to evaluation, holds promise under these conditions of complexity. Yet applications of CA for this purpose are limited, and methods are needed to strengthen contribution claims and ensure CA is practical to implement. This article reports the experience of a public health research center in Canada that applied CA to evaluate the impacts of its research on policy changes. The main goal was to experiment with methods that were relevant to CA objectives, sufficiently rigorous for making credible claims, and feasible. Methods were ‘good enough’ if they achieved all three attributes. Three cases on government policy in tobacco control were examined: creation of smoke-free multiunit dwellings, creation of smoke-free outdoor spaces, and regulation of flavored tobacco products. Getting to ‘good enough’ required careful selection of nested theories of change; strategic use of social science theories, as well as quantitative and qualitative data from diverse sources; and complementary methods to assemble and analyze evidence for testing the nested theories of change. Some methods reinforced existing good practice standards for CA, and others were adaptations or extensions of them. Our experience may inform efforts to influence policy with research, evaluate research impacts on policy using CA, and apply CA more broadly.
Application of mathematical model to experimental chemotherapy of fatal murine pneumonia

Two beta-lactam antibiotics, cefazolin and cefmenoxime, were administered in an experimental model of murine pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a way which enabled us to approximate the serum antibiotic concentration time course in humans. Bacterial counts during the experiments were subjected to nonlinear least-squares analyses by using a mathematical model that explained the bacterial killing by the antibiotic concentration time course and other factors associated with antimicrobial potency and bacterial growth. Cefazolin gave a killing curve that changed synchronously with the drug levels in serum; in contrast, cefmenoxime gave a curve that was prolonged as compared with the change in the drug levels in serum. Multiple correlation coefficients were about 0.9, and the model worked well for bacterial count data. Parameters relating to antimicrobial potency of the drugs, bacterial growth rate, and drug distribution into the tissue were estimated numerically.
The effects of autologous platelet gel on inflammatory cytokine response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The potential therapeutic value and versatility of platelet-derived products has recently stimulated the research and interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Platelet gels (PG), generated by thrombin-activated platelets, represent a new biotechnology for stimulation and acceleration of tissue healing and regeneration. However, despite the diffused and successful use of PG in clinical practice, a more detailed knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved is required. In the present study, we show that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) co-cultured with PG, in the presence of the inflammatory activator lipopolysaccharide, secreted higher amounts of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. In contrast, the release of the anti-angiogenic cytokines interferon-γ and IL-12 was significantly reduced. In addition the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was not affected by PG. Finally, hypoxia, a common feature of the healing tissue, potentiated the effects exerted by PG on the release of IL-1β by PBMC. In conclusion, PG treatment reveals a unique capacity of articulating a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokine profile in human PBMC, which may partially explain the clinical success of PG application in a wide range of diseases.
Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 Activates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor through Enhancing the Stability and Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α

Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id-1) has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis by regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but its molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. Here, we show the cross talk between Id-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), that Id-1 induces VEGF by enhancing the stability and activity of HIF-1α in human endothelial and breast cancer cells. Although both the transcript and proteins levels of VEGF were induced by Id-1, only the protein expression of HIF-1α was induced without transcriptional changes in both human umbilical endothelial cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Such induction of the HIF-1α protein did not require de novo protein synthesis but was dependent on the active extracellular response kinase (ERK) pathway. In addition, stability of the HIF-1α protein was enhanced in part by the reduced association of the HIF-1α protein with von Hippel-Lindau protein in the presence of Id-1. Furthermore, Id-1 enhanced nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. Transcriptional activation of HIF-1–dependent promoters was dependent on the active ERK pathway, and the association of HIF-1α protein with cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein was enhanced by Id-1. Finally, Id-1 induced tube formation in human umbilical endothelial cells, which also required active ERK signaling. In conclusion, we provide the molecular mechanism of the cross talk between HIF-1α and Id-1, which may play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(4):321–9)
Diagnosis of dengue: an update

Early diagnosis of dengue, the most common mosquito-borne disease globally, remains challenging. Dengue presents initially as undifferentiated fever, with symptoms becoming more pathognomonic in the later stages of illness. This limits the timeliness in the delivery of appropriate supportive interventions. Laboratory tests are useful for diagnosis although the short-lived viremia and the presence of secondary infection with one of the four heterologous viral serotypes collectively complicate the choice and interpretation of laboratory tests. In this article, the authors review the various approaches for diagnosis of dengue and discuss the appropriate tests to use, including when a dengue vaccine, which is in the late stages of development, is licensed for use. The ensuing reduced dengue prevalence could make diagnosis for vaccine efficacy and escape-mutant monitoring even more challenging.