Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multivitamin and Iron Supplementation to Prevent Periconceptional Anemia in Rural Tanzanian Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Objective Women’s nutritional status during conception and early pregnancy can influence maternal and infant outcomes. This study examined the efficacy of pre-pregnancy supplementation with iron and multivitamins to reduce the prevalence of anemia during the periconceptional period among rural Tanzanian women and adolescent girls. Design A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in which participants were individually randomized to receive daily oral supplements of folic acid alone, folic acid and iron, or folic acid, iron, and vitamins A, B-complex, C, and E at approximately single recommended dietary allowance (RDA) doses for six months. Setting Rural Rufiji District, Tanzania. Subjects Non-pregnant women and adolescent girls aged 15–29 years (n = 802). Results The study arms were comparable in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, food security, nutritional status, pregnancy history, and compliance with the regimen (p>0.05). In total, 561 participants (70%) completed the study and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Hemoglobin levels were not different across treatments (median: 11.1 g/dL, Q1-Q3: 10.0–12.4 g/dL, p = 0.65). However, compared with the folic acid arm (28%), there was a significant reduction in the risk of hypochromic microcytic anemia in the folic acid and iron arm (17%, RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42–0.90, p = 0.01) and the folic acid, iron, and multivitamin arm (19%, RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.96, p = 0.03). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up did not materially change these results. The effect of the regimens was not modified by frequency of household meat consumption, baseline underweight status, parity, breastfeeding status, or level of compliance (in all cases, p for interaction>0.2). Conclusions Daily oral supplementation with iron and folic acid among women and adolescents prior to pregnancy reduces risk of anemia. The potential benefits of supplementation on the risk of periconceptional anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes warrant investigation in larger studies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01183572
A Digitally Controlled Injection-Locked Oscillator With Fine Frequency Resolution

We propose a digitally controlled injection-locked RF oscillator with an auxiliary loop as an alternative to the conventional capacitive fine-tuning of an LC-tank. The oscillator is injection locked to a time-delayed version of its resonating voltage and its frequency is modulated by manipulating the phase and amplitude of injected current. The injection strength can be programmed for the DCO step size to be as fine as 9 kHz at 4 GHz. Alternatively, with large injection strength, the tuning range can reach up to 200 MHz. The proposed oscillator is experimentally verified in TSMC 40 nm digital CMOS.
Social engineering defence mechanisms and counteracting training strategies

Purpose This paper aims to outline strategies for defence against social engineering that are missing in the current best practices of information technology (IT) security. Reason for the incomplete training techniques in IT security is the interdisciplinary of the field. Social engineering is focusing on exploiting human behaviour, and this is not sufficiently addressed in IT security. Instead, most defence strategies are devised by IT security experts with a background in information systems rather than human behaviour. The authors aim to outline this gap and point out strategies to fill the gaps. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature review from viewpoint IT security and viewpoint of social psychology. In addition, they mapped the results to outline gaps and analysed how these gaps could be filled using established methods from social psychology and discussed the findings. Findings The authors analysed gaps in social engineering defences and mapped them to underlying psychological principles of social engineering attacks, for example, social proof. Furthermore, the authors discuss which type of countermeasure proposed in social psychology should be applied to counteract which principle. The authors derived two training strategies from these results that go beyond the state-of-the-art trainings in IT security and allow security professionals to raise companies’ bars against social engineering attacks. Originality/value The training strategies outline how interdisciplinary research between computer science and social psychology can lead to a more complete defence against social engineering by providing reference points for researchers and IT security professionals with advice on how to improve training.
Outer Membrane Protein AlkL Boosts Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization of Hydrophobic Substrates in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The outer membrane of microbial cells forms an effective barrier for hydrophobic compounds, potentially causing an uptake limitation for hydrophobic substrates. Low bioconversion activities (1.9 U gcdw −1) have been observed for the ω-oxyfunctionalization of dodecanoic acid methyl ester by recombinant Escherichia coli containing the alkane monooxygenase AlkBGT of Pseudomonas putida GPo1. Using fatty acid methyl ester oxygenation as the model reaction, this study investigated strategies to improve bacterial uptake of hydrophobic substrates. Admixture of surfactants and cosolvents to improve substrate solubilization did not result in increased oxygenation rates. Addition of EDTA increased the initial dodecanoic acid methyl ester oxygenation activity 2.8-fold. The use of recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 instead of E. coli resulted in a similar activity increase. However, substrate mass transfer into cells was still found to be limiting. Remarkably, the coexpression of the alkL gene of P. putida GPo1 encoding an outer membrane protein with so-far-unknown function increased the dodecanoic acid methyl ester oxygenation activity of recombinant E. coli 28-fold. In a two-liquid-phase bioreactor setup, a 62-fold increase to a maximal activity of 87 U gcdw −1 was achieved, enabling the accumulation of high titers of terminally oxyfunctionalized products. Coexpression of alkL also increased oxygenation activities toward the natural AlkBGT substrates octane and nonane, showing for the first time clear evidence for a prominent role of AlkL in alkane degradation. This study demonstrates that AlkL is an efficient tool to boost productivities of whole-cell biotransformations involving hydrophobic aliphatic substrates and thus has potential for broad applicability.
Cultured epithelial autografts in the treatment of extensive recalcitrant keloids.

A 42-year-old black man presented with an extensive keloid on the anterior section of his chest wall. He had acne as a child and developed a number of significant keloids, the most symptomatic being the keloid on his chest wall. This keloid had been treated with excision approximately 10 years previously in another city, followed by placement of a number of mesh split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) obtained from his thighs. According to the patient, the superior edge of the keloid had also been irradiated some time after surgery. The entire keloid located on his chest wall had regrown significantly, causing the patient problems with bending at the waist and with full range of motion in his shoulders. The recurrence had been treated with intralesional corticosteroids and cryotherapy (separately and combined), as well as silicone gel and flurandrenolide (Cordran tape, Lilly, Eli and Co, Indianapolis, Ind) without significant improvement. In addition, a smaller keloid had been excised on his back and the epidermis removed from the keloid and replaced over the wound, with significant regrowth of that keloid as well. On physical examination the patient had an extensive keloid encompassing the surface area extending from the clavicle to the inframammary crease (Figure 1). The inferior portion of the keloid, which was the thickest portion, had curled under itself and had completely encased the patient’s areolae, which were not visible. In addition, the patient had a number of keloids located on his back and upper extremities. He had hypertrophic, but not keloidal, scars on his thighs at the donor sites from his previous STSGs.
Importance of cutaneous cooling during photothermal epilation: Theoretical and practical considerations

Sapphire contact cooling is widely used to prevent non‐specific epidermal injury from occurring during selective laser treatment of unwanted hair and vascular lesions. This small study was performed to examine the clinical response of the skin to 800‐nm laser irradiation with varying extent of cutaneous sapphire contact cooling. Observed clinical responses are compared to those predicted by theoretical analysis in an attempt to construct a more complete picture of sapphire contact cooling and its role in preventing non‐targeted tissue devitalization during laser treatment of the skin using a wavelength, pulse duration, and radiant exposure commonly used for laser hair removal.
Preliminary results of randomized controlled study on decompressive craniectomy in treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery stroke.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies on decompressive craniectomy (DCE) after a malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke in selected population show an increased probability of survival without increasing the number of very severely disabled. Cerebral infarct volume (CIV) as a triage criterion for performing surgery has not been discussed in literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of CIV and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHHS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores as possible triage criteria in the surgical treatment of patients with "malignant" MCA stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS According to the study protocol, 28 patients with a malignant MCA stroke were included and analyzed prospectively. The patients were randomly divided either into the DCE plus best medical treatment (BMT) group or BMT alone group. CIV and NIHHS and GCS scores were measured at time of enrollment in every case. Clinical outcome was evaluated 1 year after the treatment. RESULTS Six patients survived: 5 in the DCE group (none of them was older than 60 years) and 1 in the BMT group (P=0.03/0.06). Among survivors, none had a cerebral infarct volume of more than 390 cm(3) (P=0.05). All survivors in the DCE group had favorable outcomes. There was no significant difference in the NIHSS and GCS scores between the groups and survivors/nonsurvivors (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decompressive surgery in the selected patients is likely to increase the probability of survival with a favorable outcome without increasing the number of severely disabled survivors. Patients with CIV of more than 390 cm(3) may be bad candidates for DCE, and the prognosis is likely to be bad regardless the treatment strategy. The initial NIHHS and GCS scores did not prove any prognostic value in outcome.
Counting types for massive JSON datasets

Type systems express structural information about data, are human readable and hence crucial for understanding code, and are endowed with a formal definition that makes them a fundamental tool when proving program properties. Internal data structures of a database store quantitative information about data, information that is essential for optimization purposes, but is not used for documentation or for correctness proofs. In this paper we propose a new idea: raising a part of the quantitative information from the system-level structures to the type level. Our proposal is motivated by the problem of schema inference for massive collections of JSON data, which are nowadays often collected from external sources and stored in NoSQL systems without an a-priori schema, which makes a-posteriori schema inference extremely useful. NoSQL systems are oriented towards the management of heterogeneous data, and in this context we claim that quantitative information is important in order to assess the relative weight of different variants. We propose a type system where the same collection can be described at different levels of abstraction. Different abstraction levels are useful for different purposes, hence we describe a parametric inference mechanism, where a single parameter specifies the chosen trade-off between succinctness and precision for the inferred type. This algorithm is designed for massive JSON collection, and hence admits a simple and efficient map-reduce implementation.
Detection and Characterization of Clade 7 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses in Chickens Seized at Ports of Entry and Live Poultry Markets in Vietnam

Abstract High pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 has become an endemic poultry disease in several Asian countries, including Vietnam. Recently, clade 7 H5N1 viruses of the Eurasian lineage were isolated from chickens seized at ports of entry in Lang Son Province, Vietnam. Extensive nucleotide and amino acid divergence across the hemagglutinin (HA) protein gene of these isolates in comparison to previously described clade 7 viruses was identified. Clade 7 viruses are antigenically distinct from contemporary strains of H5N1 known to circulate in Vietnamese poultry (clade 1 and clade 2.3.4). Subsequent surveillance of sick poultry in live poultry markets in Hai Duong Province identified additional clade 7 isolates with HA genes very similar to the group B virus cluster detected previously at the Lang Son Province border. Antigenic analysis of the isolates from the live bird markets revealed significant cross-reactivity only between those clade 7 viruses belonging to the same subgroups. To meet pandemic response preparedness objectives, we have developed a reassortant virus from A/chicken/Vietnam/NCVD-016/2008, which could be used as a new prepandemic vaccine candidate for veterinary or human vaccination, should the need arise. Findings from these studies indicate that viruses with clade 7 HA have continued to evolve in Southeast Asian poultry, leading to significant antigenic drift relative to other H5N1 viruses currently circulating in Vietnam.
WPT charging system for lithium battery based on PNGV model

In this paper, a kind of multi-stage WPT charging system of lithium ion battery based on the PNGV model is proposed after the analysis of lithium ion battery equivalent circuit model and existing charging method. Considering the charging quality of the lithium ion battery and prolonging the battery life, the system in the paper can effectively increase the charging speed and suppress the polarization reaction and temperature rising, which makes the actual charging curve closer to the best charging curve. The Matlab-Simplorer-Maxwell multi- platform is combined effectively, and the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by the joint simulation. The results have theoretical and practical value for the establishment of the WPT charging system platform for lithium ion batteries.
Cerebral transit time of 99m technetium sodium pertechnetate before and after cerebral arteriography.

✓ In a group of 18 patients the cerebral transit time was studied with 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid and 99mtechnetium sodium pertechnetate before and after cerebral arteriography. The results were compared with a similar study in a group of 21 control patients, and no statistical difference was noted. Cerebral arteriography, when performed without complications, does not alter the cerebral transit time.
Gender‐dependent specific immune response during chronic human Schistosomiasis haematobia

The cellular and humoral acquired immune responses to Schistosoma haematobium 28 kD gluthathione S‐Transferase (Sh28GST) antigen were evaluated in a Senegalese population chronically infected with S. haematobium parasite. We show a gender‐dependent immune response in adult individuals presenting similar intensities of infection. Indeed, the specific IgA response and production of TGF‐β and IL‐10 were found significantly higher in females compared to males. In addition, we showed that this profile was combined with a weak production of Th1‐related cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ) and was associated with an absence of proliferation to the antigen. A significantly higher Nuclear Matrix Protein 41/7 secretion, an apoptosis marker, was specifically observed in mononuclear blood cell cultures of females suggesting that a specific cell death process was engaged in a gender‐dependent manner. This specific profile could be associated with the so‐called T helper type‐3 (Th3) immune response specifically promoting the production of IgA and would be developed upon the down‐regulation of the specific Type‐1 response by a probable cell death mechanism. This gender‐dependent immune regulation, which may be under the influence of nonimmunological factors like sexual hormones, may be related to the chronicity of the infection.
Analyzing Well-Formedness of Syllables in Japanese Sign Language

This paper tackles a problem of analyzing the well-formedness of syllables in Japanese Sign Language (JSL). We formulate the problem as a classification problem that classifies syllables into well-formed or ill-formed. We build a data set that contains hand-coded syllables and their well-formedness. We define a fine-grained feature set based on the hand-coded syllables and train a logistic regression classifier on labeled syllables, expecting to find the discriminative features from the trained classifier. We also perform pseudo active learning to investigate the applicability of active learning in analyzing syllables. In the experiments, the best classifier with our combinatorial features achieved the accuracy of 87.0%. The pseudo active learning is also shown to be effective showing that it could reduce about 84% of training instances to achieve the accuracy of 82.0% when compared to the model without active learning.
Prosodic Compensations for Omission of Particles in Korean

This study aims to investigate how absence of particles is compensated by prosody. The current study focuses on topic particle -un/-nun, subject particle -i/-ka, object particle -ul/-lul, and genitive particle -uy in Korean. In order to figure it out, an experiment was carried out, a sentence reading task, with thirty native speakers of Korean. The result indicates that (i) when the particle is omitted, the phrase ends with the biggest prosodic unit, IP, while it ends with a smaller unit, AP, when the particle exists; (ii) absence of particles leads to high pitch as a final tune, whereas the final tunes vary when a sentence has a particle; and (iii) subjects tend to lengthen the last syllable before the absent particle. Nevertheless, not all particles compensate for the missing particle due to the exception of the genitive particle. The exception is accounted for by the frequency of particle omission. Since native speakers of Korean are used to dropping the genitive particle [8], there is little compensation for the absence of -uy. Moreover, the results of other particles indicate that there are slightly different degrees of compensation depending on which particle is omitted. In other words, more compensation occurs for missing topic particles, subject particles, and object particles in order, which is inversely related to the frequency of omission. That is to say, the less frequently particles are omitted, the more compensation is required.
Chinese Company Managerial Entrenchment Effect Governance and Corporate Debt Maturity Structure Choice

Abstract-This paper deduces: when the current final liquidate residual of a project is greater than the next period of expected revenue, investors will choose short-term debt and take it as supervision on managers; under the corporate debt maturity structure option game equilibrium between managers and shareholders, the higher the corporate governance level, the better the legal system environment, and the lower the corporate debt level, the more effective will be the restrict of management entrenchment effects. In addition, this paper adopts data of Chinese listed companies of 2008-2009 for empirical test, and this empirical results support the theory and assumptions in the paper.
Synthesis of Interface Specifications for Android Classes

Event-driven programming frameworks interact with client code using callins (framework methods that the client invokes) and callbacks (client methods that the framework invokes). The protocols for interacting with such frameworks can often be described by finite-state machines we dub asynchronous typestates. Asynchronous typestates are akin to classical typestates, with the key difference that asynchronous typestates have both inputs (corresponding to callins) and outputs (corresponding to callbacks). Typically, callbacks are produced asynchronously. Our key contribution is an algorithm that infers asynchronous typestates for Android framework classes. It is based on the L∗ algorithm. We show how to implement the oracles for membership and equivalence queries that L∗ needs. The membership oracle is implemented using testing. Our main technical result is that under realistic assumptions, the equivalence oracle can be implemented using the membership oracle. We implemented our approach and evaluated it empirically. We used our tool, Starling, to synthesize asynchronous typestates for Android framework classes both for cases where Android documentation provides the asynchronous typestate clearly, and for cases where the documentation is unclear. The results show that Starling synthesizes asynchronous typestates accurately and efficiently. Additionally, in several cases, the synthesized asynchronous typestates uncovered surprising and undocumented behavior of Android framework classes.
Utilization of l-Ascorbate by Escherichia coli K-12: Assignments of Functions to Products of the yjf-sga and yia-sgb Operons

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli K-12 can ferment l-ascorbate. The operon encoding catabolic enzymes in the utilization of l-ascorbate (ula) has been identified; this operon of previously unknown function had been designated the yif-sga operon. Three enzymes in the pathway that produce d-xylulose 5-phosphate have been functionally characterized: 3-keto-l-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase (UlaD), l-xylulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (UlaE), and l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase (UlaF). Several products of the yia-sgb operon were also functionally characterized, although the substrate and physiological function of the operon remain unknown: 2,3-diketo-l-gulonate reductase (YiaK), 3-keto-l-gulonate kinase (LyxK), 3-keto-l-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase (SgbH), and l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase (SgbE).