Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
45, XO karyotype in women with atypical Turner?s syndrome presentation

Turner’s syndrome (TS) is one of the important chromosomal disorders with loss of one sex chromosome in females. The characteristic features include short stature, webbed neck and poorly developed secondary sexual characters. Here we report four cases of TS (one asymptomatic and three symptomatic) who were admitted at Coimbatore Medical College Hospital with general health complaints. Further diagnosis was followed and discussed. Karyotyping was performed, which confirmed the presence of TS with presentation of 45, XO karyotype.
Advection of baroclinic eddies by depth mean flow

Observed zonal propagation speeds of nonlinear eddies, derived using an eddy tracking algorithm, are compared with the classical long Rossby wave speed, Doppler shifted by just the depth mean velocity, the latter obtained from annual mean hydrography and an ocean atlas. Despite neglecting any Doppler shift from baroclinic background flows, the correspondence between observed eddy propagation speeds and theoretical long Rossby wave phase speeds is improved in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, where both show eastward propagation at speeds of 1–3 cm s−1, although the observed eastward eddy propagation speeds are systematically lower than the predicted Rossby wave phase speeds.
Synthesizing racy tests

Subtle concurrency errors in multithreaded libraries that arise because of incorrect or inadequate synchronization are often difficult to pinpoint precisely using only static techniques. On the other hand, the effectiveness of dynamic race detectors is critically dependent on multithreaded test suites whose execution can be used to identify and trigger races. Usually, such multithreaded tests need to invoke a specific combination of methods with objects involved in the invocations being shared appropriately to expose a race. Without a priori knowledge of the race, construction of such tests can be challenging. In this paper, we present a lightweight and scalable technique for synthesizing precisely these kinds of tests. Given a multithreaded library and a sequential test suite, we describe a fully automated analysis that examines sequential execution traces, and produces as its output a concurrent client program that drives shared objects via library method calls to states conducive for triggering a race. Experimental results on a variety of well-tested Java libraries yield 101 synthesized multithreaded tests in less than four minutes. Analyzing the execution of these tests using an off-the-shelf race detector reveals 187 harmful races, including several previously unreported ones. Our implementation, named NARADA, and the results of our experiments are available at http://www.csa. iisc.ernet. in/~sss/tools/narada.
Cognitive components of rural tourism destination images: The case of Lake Plastiras, Greece

This paper aims at exploring issues related to rural tourism destination image (TDI) focusing on the cognitive component. By means of empirical research addressing tourists visiting the Lake Plastiras area, Central Greece, factors comprising the cognitive component of the area’s TDI were identified along with their effect on destination attractiveness. Furthermore, the influence of tourists’ characteristics on their cognitive TDI was explored. The results indicate that: (1) the area’s TDI can be delineated in six cognitive factors; (2) the area’s attractiveness is significantly influenced by three of these factors; (3) visitors can be classified in four clusters according to the cognitive factors; (4) tourists’ clusters differ in terms of age, education and income as well as number of visits and perception of the area’s attractiveness. Such findings point towards the need of both a new strategy for the area’s placement within the tourist market and further research.
Noise Robustness of Traditional Features for Macedonian Voice Dialing ASR

Automatic Speech Recognition Systems of today are intensely deployed in real world application scenarios which are often characterized by suboptimal operating conditions. Thus their noise robustness has become a crucial parameter when assessing ASR in-field performance. The paper examines the noise robustness of traditional ASR feature sets as applied to a Voice Dialing Application built for Macedonian. The analysis focused on the following features: Linear Prediction Reflection Coefficients, Mel-Cepstral Cepstral Coefficients and Perceptual Linear Prediction Coefficients. The ASR system was trained with clean data, and in the evaluation phase the noise level in the test data was varied by adding white and babble noise. Results have been plotted for each feature type across varying SNR conditions.
A Survey on Generation of Test Cases and Test Data using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Testing plays an important role in software development life cycle. Software testing is a critical element in software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specifications, design and coding. It is in general a laborious, costly and time consuming task: it spends almost 50% of software system development resources. For a good test quality the systematic design and appropriate selection of test cases and test data is essential. Test cases and test data generation is a key problem in software testing and its automation improves the efficiency and effectiveness and reduces the high cost of software testing. The application of Artificial Intelligence techniques in Software Testing is an emerging area of research that brings about the cross fertilization of ideas across two domains. Artificial Intelligence techniques of searching are used to automate test data and test cases. The paper presents an analysis of relative efficiency in using test data and test cases using artificial intelligence techniques. Keywords-Test data, test cases, artificial intelligence techniques, genetic algorithm.
Characteristics of Transitions in Freeway Traffic

This research seeks to understand the characteristics of transitions as freeway traffic changes from one state to another. This study addresses the features of two types of transitions; transitions near a merge and transitions along shock waves during the onsets and dissipations of queues at several freeway sites. Individual vehicle trajectory data were analyzed for studying the transitions near a merge. The length of a transition zone was measured by analyzing the spatial changes in flow, density and speed along kinematic waves near a merge. It was found that the length of transition in terms of flow, density and speed were respectively around 90m, 120m and 180m indicating that the transition in flow occurs over a short distance while the transition in speed occurs in much longer space. The dynamics of the transition zone were explored by analyzing the relationship among the transition durations, rates and various traffic and geometric variables at four freeway sites. Transition durations observed from the four sites vary from 10 to 24 minutes during the onsets of queues while the durations ranged from 10 to 30 minutes during the dissipations of the queues. At each site, formations and dissipations of queues displayed similar durations. Transition rates during the onsets of queues ranged from -7.6 to -2.2 kmph/min while they ranged from 2.0 to 6.2 kmph/min during the dissipations of queues. Some lane-specific features are observed in terms of initial speeds (just prior to transition), change in speed during transition, transition durations, and rates. It is also found that the structure of transition does not change in the absence of freeway interchanges as a queue expands and recedes. Finally, it is found that the transition rates tend to be larger upstream of an on-ramp while they tend to be smaller upstream of an off-ramp, indicating that inflows and outflows have different effects on transition characteristics.
Image statistics at the point of gaze during human navigation

Abstract Theories of efficient sensory processing have considered the regularities of image properties due to the structure of the environment in order to explain properties of neuronal representations of the visual world. The regularities imposed on the input to the visual system due to the regularities of the active selection process mediated by the voluntary movements of the eyes have been considered to a much lesser degree. This is surprising, given that the active nature of vision is well established. The present article investigates statistics of image features at the center of gaze of human subjects navigating through a virtual environment and avoiding and approaching different objects. The analysis shows that contrast can be significantly higher or lower at fixation location compared to random locations, depending on whether subjects avoid or approach targets. Similarly, significant differences in the distribution of responses of model simple and complex cells between horizontal and vertical orientations are found over timescales of tens of seconds. By clustering the model simple cell responses, it is established that gaze was directed toward three distinct features of intermediate complexity the vast majority of time. Thus, this study demonstrates and quantifies how the visuomotor tasks of approaching and avoiding objects during navigation determine feature statistics of the input to the visual system through the combined influence on body and eye movements.
Enhancement of a Chaotic Carrier Bandwidth in a Multi-quantum-well Laser Transmitter Using Self-Phase Modulation in an Optical Fiber Feedback Path

We demonstrate theoretically and numerically a novel method of enhancing the bandwidth of a chaotic carrier from a multi-quantum-well laser transmitter using self-phase modulation (SPM) effect in an optical fiber round path. It is deduced theoretically that the nonlinear phase shift arisen from SPM effect has an impact on the gain and bandwidth enhancement factor of the laser. The second order nonlinear effect of the fiber enriches the varieties of the amplitude and the phase of the laser while the nonlinear phase shift produces a lot of new frequencies, which can spread the bandwidth. Numerical results reveal that, with SPM effect, the new bandwidth be can enhanced 4 times more than the bandwidth without the optical fiber path, and the relaxation oscillation frequency of the chaotic laser is increased to being 2 times more than that of the laser without the optical fiber path. It is found numerically that the enhancement of the chaotic bandwidth depends evidently on the optical fiber length, the power into the optical fiber, the coupling-feedback ratio and the second order nonlinear coefficient affect.
Low Frequency North Atlantic SST Variability: Weather Noise Forcing and Coupled Response

LOW FREQUENCY NORTH ATLANTIC SST VARIABILITY: WEATHER NOISE FORCING AND COUPLED RESPONSE Meizhu Fan, PhD George Mason University, 2008 Dissertation Director: Dr. Edwin K. Schneider A method to diagnose the causes of low frequency SST variability is developed, tested and applied in an ideal case and real climate. In the ideal case, a free simulation of the COLA CGCM is taken as synthetic observations. For real climate, we take NCEP reanalysis atmospheric data and Reynolds SST as observations. Both the synthetic and actual observation data show that weather noise is the main component of atmospheric variability at subtropics and high-latitude. Diagnoses of results from the ideal case suggest that most of the synthetic observed SST variability can be reproduced by the weather noise surface fluxes forcing. This includes the “observed” low frequency SST patterns in the North Atlantic and their corresponding time evolution. Among all the noise surface fluxes, heat flux plays a major role. The results from simulations using actual observations also suggest that the observed SST variability is mostly atmospheric weather noise forced. The regional atmospheric noise forcing, especially the heat flux noise forcing, is the major source of the low frequency SST variability in the North Atlantic. The observed SST tripole mode has about a 12 year period and it can be reasonably reproduced by the weather noise forcing in terms of its period, spatial pattern and variance. Based on our diagnosis, it is argued that the SST tripole is mainly forced by local atmospheric heat flux noise. The gyre circulation plays a secondary role: the anomalous gyre circulation advects mean thermal features across the inter-gyre boundary, and the mean gyre advection carries SST anomalies along the inter-gyre boundary. The diagnosis is compared with a delayed oscillator theory. We find that the delayed oscillator theory is not supported and that the SST tripole mode is forced by weather noise heat flux noise. However, the result may be model dependent.
Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry Leaves Depend on Cultivar and Harvest Month in Southern China

To elucidate the effects of cultivar and harvest month on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves, four major phenolics, including chlorogenic acid (ChA), benzoic acid (BeA), rutin (Rut) and astragalin (Ast), were quantified using an HPLC-UV method. Leaves from six mulberry cultivars, collected from April to October, were analyzed. The antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HSA) and superoxide radical scavenging activity (SSA) assays. The results showed that the total values of the four phenolic compounds ranged from 2.3 dry weight (DW) to 4.2 mg/g DW, with ChA being the major compound. The mean total phenol (TP) content of the six cultivars ranged from 30.4 equivalents (GAE) mg/g DW to 44.7 GAE mg/g DW. Mulberry leaves harvested in May had the highest TP content. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of mulberry leaves harvested from April to October differed noticeably. In general, Kq 10 and May were considered to be a better cultivar and harvest month concerning phenolic content and antioxidant activity, respectively.
Cognitive Variables in Alcohol Dependent Patients with Elevated Depressive Symptoms: Changes and Predictive Utility as a Function of Treatment Modality

The aim of the current study was to examine, through posthoc analyses, changes in and predictive utility of mood-related cognitive variables as a function of treatment modality in a group of alcohol dependent patients with elevated depressive symptoms. In addition to the background partial hospital treatment for alcoholism which lasted a mean of 21.2 days, study patients (n = 35) received cognitive–behavioral treatment for depression (CBT-D) or a control treatment consisting of relaxation training (RTC). While both groups showed improvement on dysfunctional attitudes during treatment, only the CBT-D group improved on measures of alcohol-related expectancies. Changes in cognitive variables during treatment predicted drinking outcomes, and the predictors of drinking outcomes varied across the two treatments. Among the RTC patients, changes in positive alcohol-related expectancies were negatively correlated with drinking frequency and quantity at follow-up. However, for the CBT-D patients, changes in self-efficacy concerning negative mood situations and negative alcohol-related expectancies were negatively correlated with drinking at longer-term follow-up. The results of this study provide evidence concerning the mechanisms by which the treatment modalities examined may affect patient outcome. Although these results are preliminary in nature, they do suggest that future research might examine efforts to capitalize on these mechanisms through the facilitation of changes found to predict better drinking outcomes in this study.
Euclidean distance decomposition to generate new 16-QAM and 64-QAM space-time trellis codes

In this paper, the generation of 16-QAM and 64-QAM space-time trellis codes (STTCs) for several transmit antennas is considered. The main problem with an exhaustive search is the important time to find the best 22n-QAM STTCs, especially for great values of n and for great numbers of transmit antennas. In order to reduce this search time, an efficient method must be used to generate optimal 22n-QAM STTCs. Thus, a new method based on the decomposition of the Euclidean distance between 2 codewords is proposed to design the optimal STTCs. Thanks to this new method, the first 16-QAM STTCs with more than 2 transmit antennas and the first 64-QAM STTCs with 2 and 3 transmit antennas are proposed. The performance of these new codes is evaluated by simulation.
Analytical method for predicting the air-gap flux of interior-type permanent-magnet machines

This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the air-gap magnetic flux of interior-type permanent-magnet (IPM) machines taking into account the assembly gap and saturation in stator and rotor. Special considerations are given to the calculation of leakage flux in the nonlinear magnetic short circuit or the "magnetic bridges. " An equivalent magnetic circuit was developed, and a computer-aided graphic analysis program calculated the magnet operating point. The Norton equivalent of flux concentration structures was studied. Agreements have been obtained between the results of the analytical model, finite-element analysis, and test results on prototype motors.
Energy Management in IaaS Clouds: A Holistic Approach

Energy efficiency has now become one of the major design constraints for current and future cloud data center operators. One way to conserve energy is to transition idle servers into a lower power-state (e.g. suspend). Therefore, virtual machine (VM) placement and dynamic VM scheduling algorithms are proposed to facilitate the creation of idle times. However, these algorithms are rarely integrated in a holistic approach and experimentally evaluated in a realistic environment. In this paper we present the energy management algorithms and mechanisms of a novel holistic energy-aware VM management framework for private clouds called Snooze. We conduct an extensive evaluation of the energy and performance implications of our system on 34 power-metered machines of the Grid'5000 experimentation testbed under dynamic web workloads. The results show that the energy saving mechanisms allow Snooze to dynamically scale data center energy consumption proportionally to the load, thus achieving substantial energy savings with only limited impact on application performance.
Seismostratigraphy of the Siberian Arctic Ocean and adjacent Laptev Sea Shelf

The contribution presents a new seismostratigraphic model for the East Siberian part of the Arctic developed on the base of multichannel seismic reflection lines collected along a transect at 81°N. Age control for the sedimentary units was acquired via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the Canada Basin, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. The data provide an insight into the sedimentary cover and crustal surface in which in turn tectonic and glacial processes are documented. Two distinguished seismic interfaces were mapped throughout the area, which form a crucial link between the stratigraphy of the Laptev Sea and models on the evolution of the Lomonosov Ridge. The lower one, a pronounced sequence of high-amplitude reflectors is the most striking feature in the Siberian Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the reflector band is suggested to mark the end of Oligocene, and consequently the sedimentary sequences above are younger than 23 Ma. The upper interface parallels the seafloor in a depth of about 200ms. It is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high-amplitude reflectors above. The high amplitudes indicate a strong alternation in deposition conditions. Likely this interface marks the transition to large-scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere, and consequently is dated to top of Miocene (5.3 Ma).
Adults who were born preterm with a very low birth weight reported a similar health‐related quality of life to their term‐born peers

1.Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland 2.Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 3.Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 4.Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland 5.Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 6.Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland 7.Folkh€alsan Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 8.PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Factors Associated with Alkali Production from Arginine in Dental Biofilms

Alkali production by oral bacteria in the oral cavity has been linked to protection against dental caries. The current study assessed various parameters associated with ammonium produced during arginine catabolism in dental biofilms. Polymicrobial biofilms were formed with saliva as the inoculum. The NH3 level and the pH of the spent medium were used to monitor and quantitate the bacterial reactions. The presence of sucrose, a low buffer capacity, and a low pH (≤ pH 4.5) were found to hamper alkali production from arginine. The rate of alkali production exhibited an optimum around pH 5.5. Biofilms were found to produce NH3 also from polypeptides and proteins in the medium. The biofilm age affected these processes. The experimental model proved valuable for the assessment of the collective bacterial reactions determining the overall pH outcome. This experimental approach could bridge the gap in our knowledge between pH-rise phenomena and caries susceptibility from clinical observations and studies performed on alkali-producing bacteria in well- controlled, though simplified, in vitro models. Analysis of our data supports the hypothesis that the initiation and progression of dental caries may be influenced by the relative rates of acid and base formation, which critically depend on the aforementioned parameters.
Size-segregated aerosol mass closure and chemical composition in Monte Cimone (I) during MINATROC

Abstract. Physical and chemical characterizations of the atmospheric aerosol were carried out at Mt. Cimone (Italy) during the 4 June-4 July 2000 period. Particle size distributions in the size range 6nm-10µm were measured with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an optical particle counter (OPC). Size-segregated aerosol was sampled using a 6-stage low pressure impactor. Aerosol samples were submitted to gravimetric and chemical analyses. Ionic, carbonaceous and refractory components of the aerosol were quantified. We compared the sub- and superµm aerosol mass concentrations determined by gravimetric measurements (mGM), chemical analyses (mmCA), and by converting particle size distribution to aerosol mass concentrations (mmSD). Mean random uncertainties associated with the determination of mmGM, mmCA, and mmSD were assessed. The three estimates of the sub-µm aerosol mass concentration agreed, which shows that within experimental uncertainty, the sub-µm aerosol was composed of the quantified components. The three estimates of the super-µm aerosol mass concentration did not agree, which indicates that random uncertainties and/or possible systematic errors in aerosol sampling, sizing or analyses were not adequately accounted for. Aerosol chemical composition in air masses from different origins showed differences, which were significant in regard to experimental uncertainties. During the Saharan dust advection period, coarse dust and fine anthropogenic particles were externally mixed. No anthropogenic sulfate could be found in the super-µm dust particles. In contrast, nitrate was shifted towards the aerosol super-µm fraction in presence of desert dust.