Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recursive Matrix Systems (RMS) and TAG

We define Recursive Matrix Systems (RMS), a highly parameterizable formalism that allows for a clear separation of various kinds of recursion. One instance of RMS, namely context-free RMS with two rows and a specific reading interpretation turns out to be weakly equivalent to TAG. This allows for the transfer ofresults from TAGs to this dass of RMS. Furthermore, the equivalence proof is constructive and exhibits a very close relationship between the structures of the two formalism, namely trees and matrices. This allows to transfer interesting restrictions which can easily be defined in RMS to TAG. In particular, the obvious restriction of contextfree RMS to regular RMS results in a restricted form of TAG which appears sufficient for natural language processing, albeit being less complex than regular TAG.
Unobtrusive ECG monitoring in the NICU using a capacitive sensing array

The thin skin of preterm babies is easily damaged by adhesive electrodes, tapes, chest drains and needle-marks. The scars caused could be disfiguring or disabling to 10% of preterm newborns. Capacitive sensors present an attractive option for pervasively monitoring neonatal ECG, and can be embedded in a support system or even a garment worn by the neonate. This could improve comfort and reduce pain aiding better recovery as well as avoiding the scars caused by adhesive electrodes. In this work, we investigate the use of an array of capacitive sensors unobtrusively embedded in a mattress and used in a clinical environment for 15 preterm neonates. We also describe the analysis framework including the fusion of information from all sensors to provide a more accurate ECG signal. We propose a channel selection strategy as well as a method using physiological information to obtain a reliable ECG signal. When sensor coverage is well attained, results for both instantaneous heart rate and ECG signal shape analysis are very encouraging. The study also provides several insights on important factors affecting the results. These include the effect of textile type, number of layers, interferences (e.g. people walking by), motion severity and interventions. Incorporating this knowledge in the design of a capacitive sensing system would be crucial in ensuring that these sensors provide a reliable ECG signal when embedded in a neonatal support system.
Multiview Unauthorized Human Action Recognition

This paper presents the recognition of human actions under view changes. This deploys an automotive visual surveillance system to detect abnormal behavior patterns and recognize the normal ones. If a person enters a room, video of him is captured and stored(both front view and the top view) then it is given to the training module here the video is checked if it is a normal behavior splited image is taken, whenever the action is recognized blob images are saved, and the frame counts are taken. In case, the anomaly is detected the red color will be displayed. The abnormal behavior is achieved by keep tracking the videos and blob frames and checking each frame values. Most of the current methods for action recognition are designed for limited view variations. For a given action sequence and a given type of low level features, and compute distances between extracted features for all pairs of time frames and store results in a Self-Similarity Matrix (SSM). This project approach builds upon self-similarities of action sequences over time.
Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
An efficient framework for order optimization

Since the introduction of cost-based query optimization, the performance-critical role of interesting orders has been recognized. Some algebraic operators change interesting orders (e.g. sort and select), while others exploit interesting orders (e.g. merge join). The two operations performed by any query optimizer during plan generation are 1) computing the resulting order given an input order and an algebraic operator and 2) determining the compatibility between a given input order and the required order a given algebraic operator can beneficially exploit. Since these two operations are called millions of times during plan generation, they are highly performance-critical. The third crucial parameter is the space requirement for annotating every plan node with its output order. Lately, a powerful framework for reasoning about orders has been developed, which is based on functional dependencies. Within this framework, the current state-of-the-art algorithms for implementing the above operations both have a lower bound time requirement /spl Omega/(n), where n is the number of functional dependencies involved. Further, the lower bound for the space requirement for every plan node is /spl Omega/(n). We improve these bounds by new algorithms with upper time bounds O(1). That is, our algorithms for both operations work in constant time during plan generation, after a one-time preparation step. Further, the upper bound for the space requirement for plan nodes is O(1) for our approach. Besides, our algorithm reduces the search space by detecting and ignoring irrelevant orderings. Experimental results with a full-fledged query optimizer show that our approach significantly reduces the total time needed for plan generation. As a corollary of our experiments, it follows that the time spent for order processing is a nonnegligible part of plan generation.
Aldolase B Knockdown Prevents High Glucose-Induced Methylglyoxal Overproduction and Cellular Dysfunction in Endothelial Cells

We used cultured endothelial cells as a model to examine whether up-regulation of aldolase B and enhanced methylglyoxal (MG) formation play an important role in high glucose-induced overproduction of advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs), oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. High glucose (25 mM) incubation up-regulated mRNA levels of aldose reductase (an enzyme converting glucose to fructose) and aldolase B (a key enzyme that catalyzes MG formation from fructose) and enhanced MG formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HUVEC-derived EA. hy926 cells. High glucose-increased MG production in EA. hy926 cells was completely prevented by siRNA knockdown of aldolase B, but unaffected by siRNA knockdown of aldolase A, an enzyme responsible for MG formation during glycolysis. In addition, inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 or semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase which produces MG during the metabolism of lipid and proteins, respectively, did not alter MG production. Both high glucose (25 mM) and MG (30, 100 µM) increased the formation of N(ε)-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL, a MG-induced AGE), oxidative stress (determined by the generation of oxidized DCF, H2O2, protein carbonyls and 8-oxo-dG), O-GlcNAc modification (product of the hexosamine pathway), membrane protein kinase C activity and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in EA. hy926 cells. However, the above metabolic and signaling alterations induced by high glucose were completely prevented by knockdown of aldolase B and partially by application of aminoguanidine (a MG scavenger) or alagebrium (an AGEs breaker). In conclusion, efficient inhibition of aldolase B can prevent high glucose-induced overproduction of MG and related cellular dysfunction in endothelial cells.
Stage-Specific Functions of the Small Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

The molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, maturation, and integration of new granule cells generated throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus remain poorly understood. Small Rho GTPases, such as Cdc42 and Rac1, have been implicated previously in neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and neuronal maturation during embryonic development. Here we used conditional genetic deletion and virus-based loss-of-function approaches to identify temporally distinct functions for Cdc42 and Rac1 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that Cdc42 is involved in mouse NSPC proliferation, initial dendritic development, and dendritic spine maturation. In contrast, Rac1 is dispensable for early steps of neuronal development but is important for late steps of dendritic growth and spine maturation. These results establish cell-autonomous and stage-specific functions for the small Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 in the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Performance analysis of a persistent relay carrier sensing multiple access protocol

The Persistent Relay Carrier Sensing Multiple Access (PRCSMA) has been recently presented in the literature as a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 and modified to cope with the contention among the relays in a Cooperative ARQ (C-ARQ) scheme. We present in this paper a theoretical model to calculate the average cooperation delay of PRCSMA. Computer simulations have been carried out to assess the accuracy of the model.
Statistical analysis of SRAM cell stability

The impact of process variation on SRAM yield has become a serious concern in scaled technologies. In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyze the stability of an SRAM cell in the presence of random fluctuations in the device parameters. We provide a theoretical framework for characterizing the DC noise margin of a memory cell and develop models for estimating the cell failure probabilities during read and write operations. The proposed models are verified against extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and are shown to match well over the entire range of the distributions well beyond the 3-sigma extremes
Hierarchical Sequence Compaction For Power Estimation

This paper presents an effective technique forcompacting a large sequence of input vectors into a muchsmaller one such that when the two sequences are applied toany circuit, the resulting power dissipations are nearly thesame. Specifically, this paper introduces the hierarchicalmodeling of Markov chains as a flexible framework forcapturing not only complex spatiotemporal correlations, butalso dynamic changes in the characteristics of the inputsequence. The new framework has a high degree ofadaptability, i.e. the hierarchical model is dynamically grownaccording to the sequence behavior. Experimental resultsdemonstrate that large compaction ratios can be obtainedwithout a significant loss in accuracy (less than 5% on average)of power estimates.
A variant of the level set method and applications to image segmentation

In this paper we propose a variant of the level set formulation for identifying curves separating regions into different phases. In classical level set approaches, the sign of n level set functions are utilized to identify up to 2" phases. The novelty in our approach is to introduce a piecewise constant level set function and use each constant value to represent a unique phase. If 2" phases should be identified, the level set function must approach 2" predetermined constants. We just need one level set function to represent 2" unique phases, and this gains in storage capacity. Further, the reinitializing procedure requested in classical level set methods is superfluous using our approach. The minimization functional for our approach is locally convex and differentiable and thus avoids some of the problems with the nondifferentiability of the Delta and Heaviside functions. Numerical examples are given, and we also compare our method with related approaches.
A shadow detection method for remote sensing images using VHR hyperspectral and LIDAR data

In this paper, a shadow detection method combining hyperspectral and LIDAR data analysis is presented. First, a rough shadow image is computed through line-of-sight analysis on a Digital Surface Model (DSM), using an estimate of the position of the sun at the time of image acquisition. Then, large shadow and non-shadow areas in that image are detected and used for training a supervised classifier (a Support Vector Machine, SVM) that classifies every pixel in the hyperspectral image as shadow or non-shadow. Finally, small holes are filled through image morphological analysis. The method was tested on data including a 24 band hyperspectral image in the VIS/NIR domain (50 cm spatial resolution) and a DSM of 25 cm resolution. The results were in good accordance with visual interpretation. As the line-of-sight analysis step is only used for training, geometric mismatches (about 2 m) between LIDAR and hyperspectral data did not affect the results significantly, nor did uncertainties regarding the position of the sun.
Translation using Information on Dialogue Participants

This paper proposes a way to improve the translation quality by using information on dialogue participants that is easily obtained from outside the translation component. We incorporated information on participants' social roles and genders into transfer rules and dictionary entries. An experiment with 23 unseen dialogues demonstrated a recall of 65% and a precision of 86%. These results showed that our simple and easy-to-implement method is effective, and is a key technology enabling smooth conversation with a dialogue translation system.
Calpain Mediates the Dioxin-Induced Activation and Down-Regulation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and mediates their toxicity. Binding of PAH to AhR in the cytoplasm triggers a poorly defined transformation step of the receptor into a nuclear transcription factor. In this study, we show that the calcium-dependent cysteine protease calpain plays a major role in the ligand-induced transformation and signaling of AhR. Fluorescence imaging measurements showed that TCDD treatment elevates intracellular calcium, providing the trigger for calpain activation, as measured toward t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-Met-chloromethylaminocoumarin, a calpain-specific substrate. Inhibition of calpain activity by the N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Phe-aldehyde (MDL28170) blocked the TCDD-induced nuclear translocation of AhR in Hepa1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cell line. Treatment of the human metastatic breast carcinoma cell line MT-2 with MDL28170 and 3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-mercapto-(Z)-2-propenoic acid (PD 150606), two calpain-selective inhibitors, completely abolished the TCDD-induced transactivation of AhR as assessed by transcription of CYP1A1 gene. Previous studies have established that after TCDD-induced transactivation, the AhR undergoes a massive depletion; we show here that selective calpain inhibitors can block this step, which suggests that the ligand-induced down-regulation of the AhR is calpain-dependent. The data presented support a major role for calpain in the AhR transformation, transactivation, and subsequent down-regulation, and provide a possible explanation for many of the reported phenomena of ligand-independent activation of AhR.
Differential Sensitivity of Human Epithelial Cells to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S

ABSTRACT Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is an ADP-ribosyltransferase produced and directly translocated into eukaryotic cells by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Model systems that allow bacterial translocation of ExoS have found ExoS to have multiple effects on eukaryotic cell function, affecting DNA synthesis, actin cytoskeletal structure, and cell matrix adherence. To understand mechanisms underlying differences observed in cell sensitivities to ExoS, we examined the effects of bacterially translocated ExoS on multiple human epithelial cell lines. Of the cell lines examined, confluent normal kidney (NK) epithelial cells were most resistant to ExoS, while tumor-derived cell lines were highly sensitive to ExoS. Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance indicated that cell association as well as an intrinsic resistance to morphological alterations were associated with increased resistance to ExoS. Conversely, increased sensitivity to ExoS appeared to be linked to epithelial cell growth, with tumor cells capable of undergoing non-contact-inhibited, anchorage-independent growth all being sensitive to ExoS, and NK cells becoming sensitive to ExoS when subconfluent and growing. Consistent with the possibility that growth-related, actin-based structures are involved in sensitivity to ExoS, scanning electron microscopy revealed cellular extensions from sensitive, growing cells to bacteria, which were not readily evident in resistant cells. In all studies, the severity of effects of ExoS on cell function directly correlated with the degree of Ras modification, indicating that sensitivity to ExoS in some manner related to the efficiency of ExoS translocation and its ADP-ribosylation of Ras. Our results suggest that factors expressed by growing epithelial cells are required for the bacterial contact-dependent translocation of ExoS; as normal epithelial cells differentiate into polarized confluent monolayers, expression of these factors is altered, and cells in turn become more resistant to the effects of ExoS.
Feature Selection for Footwear Shape Estimation

This study proposes feature selection techniques to obtain a set of significant foot anthropometric measurements that can assist custumers in the choice of footwear size and width. The results given by a number of methods are averaged to provide a reliable set of features. Several machine learning methods are used to evaluate the classification (for the width) and regression (for the size) accuracies before and after feature selection. The results prove the benefits of carrying out feature selection, especially for the shoe width.
Telomeric circles are abundant in the stn1-M1 mutant that maintains its telomeres through recombination

Some human cancers maintain their telomeres using the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism; a process thought to involve recombination. Different types of recombinational telomere elongation pathways have been identified in yeasts. In senescing yeast telomerase deletion (ter1-Δ) mutants with very short telomeres, it has been hypothesized that copying a tiny telomeric circle (t-circle) by a rolling circle mechanism is the key event in telomere elongation. In other cases more closely resembling ALT cells, such as the stn1-M1 mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis, the telomeres appear to be continuously unstable and routinely reach very large sizes. By employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy, we show that stn1-M1 cells contain abundant double stranded t-circles ranging from ∼100 to 30 000 bp in size. We also observed small single-stranded t-circles, specifically composed of the G-rich telomeric strand and tailed circles resembling rolling circle replication intermediates. The t-circles most likely arose from recombination events that also resulted in telomere truncations. The findings strengthen the possibility that t-circles contribute to telomere maintenance in stn1-M1 and ALT cells.
Molecular beacon aptamer fluoresces in the presence of Tat protein of HIV‐1

We reported an aptamer, RNATat that binds to the Tat protein of HIV with two orders of magnitude greater (133‐fold) affinity over the TAR RNA of HIV‐1 and specifically inhibits the Tat‐dependent trans‐activation of transcription, both in vitro and in vivo (demonstrated in the accompanying article, Yamamoto et al., this issue pp. 371–388). We now report the use of aptamer‐derived oligomers to analyze the Tat of HIV and the possible applications of such constructs in the field of biosensors.
(S)he's got the look: Gender-stereotyping of social robots

Previous research on gender effects in robots has largely ignored the role of facial cues. We fill this gap in the literature by experimentally investigating the effects of facial gender cues on stereotypical trait and application ascriptions to robots. As predicted, the short-haired male robot was perceived as more agentic than was the long-haired female robot, whereas the female robot was perceived as more communal than was the male counterpart. Analogously, stereotypically male tasks were perceived more suitable for the male robot, relative to the female robot, and vice versa. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that gender stereotypes, which typically bias social perceptions of humans, are even applied to robots. Implications for design-related decisions are discussed.
Abstract effects and proof-relevant logical relations

We give a denotational semantics for a region-based effect system that supports type abstraction in the sense that only externally visible effects need to be tracked: non-observable internal modifications, such as the reorganisation of a search tree or lazy initialisation, can count as 'pure' or 'read only'. This 'fictional purity' allows clients of a module to validate soundly more effect-based program equivalences than would be possible with previous semantics. Our semantics uses a novel variant of logical relations that maps types not merely to partial equivalence relations on values, as is commonly done, but rather to a proof-relevant generalisation thereof, namely setoids. The objects of a setoid establish that values inhabit semantic types, whilst its morphisms are understood as proofs of semantic equivalence. The transition to proof-relevance solves twoawkward problems caused by naïve use of existential quantification in Kripke logical relations, namely failure of admissibility and spurious functional dependencies.
A control and drive system for permanent magnetic dual mechanical port electric machine used in hybrid electric vehicles

As a novel electrical variable transmission (EVT) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the dual mechanical port electric machine (DMPM) has been being researched and developed recently. In this paper, a control and drive system for permanent magnetic DMPM (PM-DMPM), consisting of the inverter unit and the control unit, is designed and developed. The inverter unit adopts a back-to-back inverter topology structure, of which one inverter is used for the outer motor of PM-DMPM and the other for the inner motor. The control unit based on TMS320F2812 DSP and CPLD can control two individual permanent magnetic synchronous motors (PMSM). The control strategies of PM-DMPM are also introduced in detail. Finally experiments are established to test the control and drive system. Experiment results indicate that the designed system is stable, reliable and efficient, and can satisfy the requests of control and application of PM-DMPM in HEV.