Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Use of Limb Tourniquets in Tactical Combat Casualty Care: TCCC Guidelines Change 14-02.

Abstract : The early use of limb tourniquets has been documented to save lives on the battlefield, but has the potential for significant morbidity. This change has four goals: 1. Clarification of tourniquet conversion guidelines. Since its inception, Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) has emphasized the early and liberal use of tourniquets to control life-threatening hemorrhage in the Care Under Fire (CUF) phase. Because evacuation times in Iraq and Afghanistan have been relatively short, the recommendation in the TCCC Guidelines to re-evaluate the need for a tourniquet in the Tactical Field Care (TFC) phase of care and use other means of hemorrhage control has been de-emphasized in practice by users. There is often no attempt to convert tourniquets to hemostatic or pressure dressings because of the short evacuation times in Afghanistan at present. Increasingly, worldwide casualty care scenarios are anticipated to include long-range evacuation. Recent real-world events in theaters other than the Middle East have demonstrated that reinforcement of tourniquet conversion guidelines is needed at this time. 2. Clarification of effective tourniquet placement. Ineffective venous tourniquets have been shown to be a relatively common occurrence that increases blood loss and complications.1-3 Optimal use of limb tourniquets must result in both cessation of bleeding and stoppage of the distal pulses in the extremity. 3. Clarification of the location of tourniquet placement during CUF. During a prehospital trauma care assessment in Afghanistan in 2012, inconsistencies relating to tourniquet placement were noted between the TCCC guidelines and actual training in some TCCC courses. In particular, high and tight tourniquet placement (also termed hasty tourniquet placement) is not specified in the TCCC Guidelines, which call for tourniquet placement proximal to the bleeding site in the CUF phase.
Nonlinear Regression Adjustments of Multiple Continuous Monitoring Methods Produce Effective Characterization of Short-Term Fine Particulate Matter

Abstract This study comprehensively characterizes hourly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations measured via a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), β-gauge, and nephelometer from four different monitoring sites in U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 (in U.S. states Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin) and compares them to the Federal Reference Method (FRM). Hourly characterization uses time series and autocorrelation. Hourly data are compared with FRM by averaging across 24-hr sampling periods and modeling against respective daily FRM concentrations. Modeling uses traditional two-variable linear least-squares regression as well as innovative nonlinear regression involving additional meteorological variables such as temperature and humidity. The TEOM shows a relationship with season and temperature, linear correlation as low as 0.7924 and nonlinear model correlation as high as 0.9370 when modeled with temperature. The β-gauge shows no relationship with season or meteorological variables. It exhibits a linear correlation as low as 0.8505 with the FRM and a nonlinear model correlation as high as 0.9339 when modeled with humidity. The nephelometer shows no relationship with season or temperature but a strong relationship with humidity is observed. A linear correlation as low as 0.3050 and a nonlinear model correlation as high as 0.9508 is observed when modeled with humidity. Nonlinear models have higher correlation than linear models applied to the same dataset. This correlation difference is not always substantial, which may introduce a tradeoff between simplicity of model and degree of statistical association. This project shows that continuous monitor technology produces valid PM2.5 characterization, with at least partial accounting for variations in concentration from gravimetric reference monitors once appropriate nonlinear adjustments are applied. Although only one regression technically meets new EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) correlation coefficient criteria, several others are extremely close, showing optimistic potential for use of this nonlinear adjustment model in garnering EPA NAAQS FEM approval for continuous PM2.5 sampling methods.
Detection of Gallibacterium anatis by TaqMan fluorescent quantitative PCR

ABSTRACT To better understand the prevalence of Gallibacterium anatis in different poultry species, a rapid and accurate method was developed to detect G. anatis using a TaqMan fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Specific primers and a TaqMan probe were designed based on the reference gtxA gene sequence. The qPCR standard curve showed a good linear relationship, and the method showed good reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity, indicating its suitability for G. anatis identification and quantitative analysis. A comparison of the detection results in 160 clinical swab samples showed that the detection rate (54.4%) of the qPCR for G. anatis was better than that of two conventional methods: gyrB gene-based qPCR for G. anatis (51.9%) and culture-based identification (34.4%). G. anatis was detected in layer chicken (77.3%), Silkie chicken (72.7%), and duck (27.1%) with relatively high detection rates, whereas dove (8.8%) and quail (3.0%) showed lower detection rates, indicating the different prevalence of G. anatis in different fowl species.
Detecting continual anomalies in monitoring data stream based on sampling GPR algorithm

Prognostics and health management (PHM) can improve the system availability and efficiency to realize Condition Based Maintenance (CBM). As the primary and critical process of PHM, the anomaly detection can discover the abnormal condition and potential fault in time. Generally, monitoring data can reflect the operating condition of components, subsystems or systems. Thus, the monitoring data can be applied to detect the anomalies to improve the system readness and help the system health management. However, monitoring data arriving in the form of streaming gradually shows the growth in variability, velocity and volume. As a result, detecting the anomalies in data stream brings new challenges to traditional anomaly detection algorithm. In this case, this paper proposes a sampling Gaussian process regression (GPR) method for continual anomaly detection based on the specialty of streaming data, providing important information for estimating the system conditon. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated by the synthetic datasets and public data sets.
Comparison of the induction of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in mice with purified pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates

The nature and kinetics of the serum antibody response to pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates were studied in mice. Bovine serum albumin and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were used as carrier proteins. The purified polysaccharides induced only immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in thymus-bearing as well as congenic athymic (nude) mice. The polysaccharides covalently conjugated to proteins produced IgM and IgG antibodies in normal mice, but only IgM antibodies in nude mice. A second dose of the polysaccharide-protein conjugates resulted in a booster effect in the IgG response to the polysaccharides. Moreover, memory B-cells, generated after a primary injection with the polysaccharide-protein conjugates, could be triggered to the production of IgG antibodies after a second injection with the pure polysaccharides alone. These data indicate that the antibody response to the pure polysaccharides is thymus independent and that this response can be changed into a thymus-dependent response by covalent conjugation of the polysaccharide to a thymus-dependent protein.
Power-handling Capability of Transmit Filters Using Superconducting Bulk Ring Resonators

The power-handling capability and frequency responses of superconducting bandpass filters (BPFs) at a center frequency around 5 GHz with a 100-MHz bandwidth were investigated for application to transmit filters. A 3-pole BPF was designed using a Chebyshev function with three pairs of the bulk ring resonators and the dielectric trimming rods with the same dimensions. Using this design, we simulated the frequency responses of the filter with low loss and passband ripple, and by adjusting positions of trimming rods a fine tuning of the filter responses was achieved. The BPF was fabricated using ring resonators made from a DyBa2Cu3Oy superconducting bulk and a pair of Al2O3 substrates in a Cu cavity with trimming mechanisms using dielectric rods. The filtering property with low insertion loss was clearly observed at 25 K. Power-handling capability of the 3-pole BPF of over 10 W (40 dBm) was observed.
Enhanced DDSRF based vector control of grid side converter using single AC side current sensor under unbalanced grid conditions

This paper deals with vector control of grid-connected converter under unbalance grid conditions using single AC side current sensor. DDSRF based decoupling technique is used for decoupling of grid voltage and enhanced DDSRF is used for decoupling of grid current in the revolving d+−q+ and d−−q− frames. In the presented method, the stationary α-axis current is simply proportional to sensed r-phase current and β-axis current is estimated by filtered reference quantities of current controllers. The delay is introduced in reference quantity by filtering so that it can be used together with feedback quantities which are already delayed by low pass filter. Completely decoupled component based positive and negative sequence model of the grid side connected system is presented in this paper. The proposed algorithm is verified by extensive MATLAB simulation results.
Role of the Peripheral Elements of the Golgi Complex

It has been established by electron microscopic radioautography of guinea pig pancreatic exocrine cells (Caro and Palade, 1964) that secretory proteins are transported from the elements of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to condensing vacuoles of the Golgi complex possibly via small vesicles located in the periphery of the complex. To define more clearly the role of these vesicles in the intracellular transport of secretory proteins, we have investigated the secretory cycle of the guinea pig pancreas by cell fractionation procedures applied to pancreatic slices incubated in vitro. Such slices remain viable for 3 hr and incur minimal structural damage in this time. Their secretory proteins can be labeled with radioactive amino acids in short, well defined pulses which, followed by cell fractionation, makes possible a kinetic analysis of transport. To determine the kinetics of transport, we pulse-labeled sets of slices for 3 min with leucine-' C and incubated them for further +7, +17, and +57 min in chase medium. At each time, smooth microsomes (=peripheral elements of the Golgi complex) and rough microsomes (= elements of the rough ER) were isolated from the slices by density gradient centrifugation of the total microsomal fraction. Labeled proteins appeared initially (end of pulse) in the rough microsomes and were subsequently transferred during incubation in chase medium to the smooth microsomes, reaching a maximal concentration in this fraction after +7 min chase incubation. Later, labeled proteins left the smooth microsomes to appear in the zymogen granule fraction. These data provide direct evidence that secretory proteins are transported from the cisternae of the rough ER to condensing vacuoles via the small vesicles of the Golgi complex.
Adapting to Technology and Competition: A New Industrial Relations System for the 21st Century

Increasing international competition and rapid technological change are demanding a new organizational form that is lean, flexible, and functions as a network. Twenty-first century firms will not only need to possess the flexibility and efficiency to compete in the global economy, but they will need to assure a secure, mobile, and well-trained work force that can respond to these organizational challenges. Management, workers, and unions will need to adapt and develop new mechanisms for dealing with these new structures. This article traces the emergence of the "dynamic network" organization and suggests the shape of the new industrial relations system that network organizations will require.
Cyclical Properties of Macroeconomic Policy in Oil-Reach Country (Draft)

The study, I investigate the cyclicality properties and relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy for 13 oil exporting country during 1993-2011 by pool model. The paper presents evidence that supports the link between an Index of Institutitunal Quality (law and order, government stability, investment profile, etc.), the cyclicality of macroeconomic policy, and the volatilities of output and the iii) relative effectiveness of fiscal policies in oil-exporting countries. The main finding is that macroeconomic policy is significantly pro-cyclical in countries where institutions exhibit low quality. Empirical result show that during 1993-2011 period resource-rich countries that exhibited institutional quality index averages above the threshold range in Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Norway, Saud Arabia, UEA and Russia. Finally, we find that the effect of fiscal policy on economic cycle first than monetary policy, because of monetary policy obeys the fiscal goals so money supplies to be high in booming and has positively correlation with the cycle. But monetary policy has greater influence than fiscal policy. The paper shows that focused countercyclical macroeconomic policies are feasible in oil-dependent countries.
A Family of Aspartic Proteases and a Novel, Dynamic and Cell‐Cycle‐Dependent Protease Localization in the Secretory Pathway of Toxoplasma gondii

Aspartic proteases are important virulence factors in pathogens like HIV, Candida albicans or Plasmodium falciparum. We report here the identification of seven putative aspartic proteases, TgASP1 to TgASP7, in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis of the TgASPs and other aspartic proteases from related Apicomplexa suggests the existence of five distinct groups of aspartic proteases with different evolutionary lineages. The members of each group share predicted biological features that validate the phylogeny. TgASP1 is expressed in tachyzoites, the rapidly dividing asexual stage of T. gondii. We present the proteolytic maturation and subcellular localization of this protease through the cell cycle. TgASP1 shows a novel punctate localization associated with the secretory system in non‐dividing cells, and relocalizes dramatically and unambiguously to the nascent inner membrane complex of daughter cells at replication, before coalescing again at the end of division.
Color Perception in Pediatric Patient Room Design: Healthy Children vs. Pediatric Patients

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of color as a component of a healing environment for pediatric patient rooms. Color preferences from pediatric inpatient, pediatric outpatient, and healthy children groups were investigated and compared for group and gender differences. Background: Positive environmental stimulation can promote patient well-being by reducing stress or negative feelings. If environmental colors can have positive influences, then those colors will make patients more comfortable, reducing their stress. Although previous color studies are suggestive, none has focused on pediatric healthcare environments. Patients' health status may affect their reaction to environmental stimulation. There was a gap in the body of knowledge regarding the consistency of color preferences with regard to patient health status. Methods: A simulation method was used because of its reliability and feasibility. It allowed for investigating the value of color in real contexts and controlling confounding variables. Previous color preference studies typically have been done with small colored squares of paper, which are visually different from seeing a color applied on wall surfaces. In addition, they failed to control confounding variables such as color attributes and light sources. Results: Group differences were not significant. This refuted the hypothesis that the color preferences of pediatric patients are different from those of healthy children. However, overall color preferences showed that the healthy children group had higher mean scores of color preferences than both pediatric outpatients and inpatients groups. Gender effects were identified across all three groups. Conclusions: All three groups showed similar color preference patterns, except for yellow. Both pediatric outpatients and inpatients preferred yellow less than healthy children did. Healthy children's mean scores of color preferences were higher than the pediatric outpatients; the pediatric outpatients group had higher mean scores of color preferences than the pediatric inpatients group. Although this observation was not statistically significant, it raised the question of whether the sickest pediatric patients respond differently to color than healthy children do. Gender effects indicated that girls preferred red and purple more than boys do. Regardless of gender effects, healthy children and pediatric patients preferred blue and green the most and white the least. These results can help healthcare providers and professionals better understand appropriate colors for pediatric populations.
Influences of tropical circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies on extreme heat over Northeast Asia in the midsummer of 2018

ABSTRACT A destructive extreme heat attacked Northeast Asia (NEA) in the midsummer of 2018, characterized by the average midsummer Tmax (daily maximum air temperature at 2 m) ranking first during the study period. The current study indicates that the cyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific (WNP) was an important cause, which presents an anomaly of two standard deviations. The cyclonic anomaly over the WNP was accompanied by anomalous convection, which favored descending and anticyclonic anomalies over NEA through a local meridional cell. The anticyclonic anomaly over NEA corresponds to the northwestward extension of the WNP subtropical high and facilitated the occurrence of extreme heat. The tropical sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) presents a La Niña decaying episode, but the SSTA over the tropical Pacific and North Indian Ocean was weak in the summer. In contrast, the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) was obviously cool, which was the coolest after detrending. The SETIO cooling triggered a low-level southeasterly anomaly, which turned into a southwesterly after crossing the equator, due to the Coriolis force. The southwesterly anomaly extended eastwards and favored the cyclonic anomaly over the WNP. Meanwhile, the circulation anomalies over the SETIO and WNP were connected via a local meridional cell, with the ascending branch over the WNP. Moreover, the above mechanism also operates for the climate statistics, verifying the robust influence of the SETIO SSTA. Considering the consistency of the SETIO SSTA, it could be a potential predictor for the climate over the WNP and NEA. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Heterogeneity in antihypertensive treatment discontinuation between drugs belonging to the same class

Objectives Discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment is known to be different for different classes of antihypertensive drugs. No information is available on whether this phenomenon differs for drugs belonging to the same class. This is clinically relevant because treatment discontinuation is mainly responsible for poor blood pressure control in the antihypertensive population. Methods We studied a large (n = 131 472) cohort of patients aged 40–80 years who lived in Lombardy (Italy) and received their first antihypertensive drug prescription during 2005. Discontinuation was defined by the absence of any antihypertensive drug prescription during the 90-day period following the end of the latest prescription. Class-related and drug-related discontinuation rates were standardized according to the demographic and therapeutic structure of the entire cohort and expressed as number of patients who experienced discontinuation every 100 person-months. Results Standardized rates of discontinuation ranged from 6.2 to 24.4 events every 100 person-months for patients who started monotherapy with an angiotensin receptor antagonist and a diuretic, respectively. However, there was a significant heterogeneity between treatment discontinuation rates within each class and the heterogeneity differed between classes. The highest discontinuation rate was 13.9-fold for channel blockers, but only 1.7-fold for angiotensin receptor antagonists. Within this class, losartan showed a discontinuation rate significantly greater than that of the other angiotensin receptor antagonists whose discontinuation rate was similar. A significant heterogeneity also characterized initial treatment with fixed-dose combinations of different angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists with a diuretic. Conclusion Comparison of treatment discontinuation between antihypertensive drug classes masks the fact that this phenomenon is heterogeneous within any given class. This is relevant to calculations of the cost-benefit of treatment, which, thus, should be drug-based rather than class-based.
FcεRI and FcγRIII/CD16 Differentially Regulate Atopic Dermatitis in Mice1

The high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI and, in some models, the low-affinity IgG receptor FcγRIII/CD16 play an essential role in allergic diseases. In human skin, they are present on APCs and effector cells recruited into the inflamed dermis. FcRγ is a subunit shared, among other FcRs, by FcεRI and CD16 and is essential to their assembly and signal transduction. Using an experimental model reproducing some features of human atopic dermatitis and specific FcR-deficient mice, we have herein delineated the respective contribution of FcεRI and FcγRIII/CD16 to the pathology. We demonstrate that symptoms of atopic dermatitis are completely absent in FcRγ-deficient animals but only partially inhibited in either FcεRI- or FcγRIII/CD16-deficient animals. Absence or attenuation of the pathology is correlated to increased skin expression of regulatory IL-10 and Foxp3. While FcεRI controls both Th1 and Th2 skin response, mast cell recruitment into draining lymph nodes and IgE production, CD16 regulates only Th2 skin response, as well as T cell proliferation and IgG1 production. This isotype-specific regulation by the cognate FcR is associated to a differential regulation of IL-4 and IL-21 expression in the draining lymph nodes. FcεRI and CD16 thus contribute to atopic dermatitis but differentially regulate immune responses associated with the disease. Targeting both IgE/FcεRI and IgG/CD16 interactions might represent an efficient therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases.