Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryptanalysis on Four Two-Party Authentication Protocols

In this paper, we analyze four authentication protocols of Bindu et al., Goriparthi et al., Wang et al. and H\"olbl et al. After investigation, we reveal several weaknesses of these schemes. First, Bindu et al.'s protocol suffers from an insider impersonation attack if a malicious user obtains a lost smart card. Second, both Goriparthi et al.'s and Wang et al.'s protocols cannot withstand a DoS attack in the password change phase, i.e. an attacker can involve the phase to make user's password never be used in subsequent authentications. Third, H\"olbl et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to an insider attack since a legal but malevolent user can deduce KGC's secret key.
Lineage-Specific Expansion of Vomeronasal Type 2 Receptor-Like (OlfC) Genes in Cichlids May Contribute to Diversification of Amino Acid Detection Systems

Fish use olfaction to sense a variety of nonvolatile chemical signals in water. However, the evolutionary importance of olfaction in species-rich cichlids is controversial. Here, we determined an almost complete sequence of the vomeronasal type 2 receptor-like (OlfC: putative amino acids receptor in teleosts) gene cluster using the bacterial artificial chromosome library of the Lake Victoria cichlid, Haplochromis chilotes. In the cluster region, we found 61 intact OlfC genes, which is the largest number of OlfC genes identified among the seven teleost fish investigated to date. Data mining of the Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) draft genome sequence, and genomic Southern hybridization analysis revealed that the ancestor of all modern cichlids had already developed almost the same OlfC gene repertoire, which was accomplished by lineage-specific gene expansions. Furthermore, comparison of receptor sequences showed that recently duplicated paralogs are more variable than orthologs of different species at particular sites that were predicted to be involved in amino acid selectivity. Thus, the increase of paralogs through gene expansion may lead to functional diversification in detection of amino acids. This study implies that cichlids have developed a potent capacity to detect a variety of amino acids (and their derivatives) through OlfCs, which may have contributed to the extraordinary diversity of their feeding habitats.
Diversity.Com: Teaching an Online Course on White Racism and Multiculturalism

We have entered a new millennium. As educators we are charged with using the phenomenal technology available to us to its greatest advantage. Modern technology cannot and must not be seen as an end but as a means to an end. Departments are being charged with offering more and more courses online as the demand for this type of education becomes an increasing demand for the 21st century population that we serve. Students may now earn partial or total degrees online. The question is no longer is virtual education a viable venue by which to offer an education, the question is now how best to offer that education. We must not view the technology that affords us access instantaneously to persons, information, and information systems as an enemy of the educational process but rather as a facilitator to educating a populace. Technology is not a deterrent to the educational process, it enhances it. Just as television, radio, video, cable, and the telephone revolutionized and changed how we offered and taught courses, so will the computer and the Internet. Online education and the virtual classroom have the potential to educate people and connect us in ways unimaginable just a decade ago. But just as this medium can be a conduit for change, it can also, without forethought, careful criticism, and analysis, be a conduit for antisocial elements we do no want proliferated. Critics of the Internet have argued that the Internet only connects the privileged and that its very presence is indicative of the globalization of capitalism, White privilege, and all of their attendant syndromes (Heaney, 2002). However, as we grapple with the notion that technology is just as much a product of social inequality as a conduit through which we can address such an issue, it becomes incumbent on us to ensure that as the debate rages we are using the technology to its best advantage. Similar accusations have been levied that schools and Western education in general are inherently White racist and mere conduits for the promotion of White supremacist ideology (Banks, 1995; Scheurich & Young, 1998). This article explores all of the aforementioned phenomena and also provides in-depth analysis, pedagogical strategies, actual online course examples, instructions on online multicultural education course development, curricular approaches, sample course content, and rationale for inclusion of online multicultural education courses. In addition, this article provides a comprehensive example of the possibilities of teaching multicultural education classes online. It provides a blueprint for an online multicultural education course with actual examples and extractions from the online course shell. This article is designed to provide ideas for teacher education programs seeking practical examples of how to successfully construct an effective online multicultural education course.
Pagevault: securing off-chip memory using page-based authentication

Security remains an essential requirement for computing systems today. With the advent of Cloud Computing, new online services have emerged that deal with sensitive content, e.g. stock trading, banking, medical, legals etc., making security a crucial necessity. The unique threat model of cloud computing comes from the realization that consumers do not have direct access to the computing resources, placing their data in an untrusted environment. Hardware security protects computing resources by providing data confidentiality and data integrity. Memory attacks represent the most common hardware attacks and as a result, have been studied extensively during the past decade. All current state-of-the-art memory protection schemes encrypt user data blocks on the host processor before sending them to off-chip memory. The integrity test is done using a message authentication code, stored in memory as meta-data to save space on the host processor. This meta-data not only increases the memory traffic but also occupy a significant portion of the memory space that could have been used by the application. We present a new memory protection scheme, a page-based authentication algorithm which is based on Aggregate Message Authentication Code (AMAC [10]). Our scheme uses AMAC to compress the MAC of multiple memory blocks, reducing the meta-data overhead and saving a significant amount of memory space. Our analysis targets high capacity memory systems where the meta-data overhead is significant. With the same amount of on-chip cache, protecting 8 GB of memory using our scheme only necessitates 8% of off-chip meta-data, compared to 23% in prior work, and this saving comes with up to 12% improvement in IPC performance.
Randomly colouring graphs with lower bounds on girth and maximum degree

We consider the problem of generating a random q-colouring of a graph G=(V, E). We consider the simple Glauber Dynamics chain. We show that if the maximum degree /spl Delta/>c/sub l/ ln n and the girth g>c/sub 2/ ln ln n (n=|V|), then this chain mixes rapidly provided C/sub 1/, C/sub 2/ are sufficiently large, q/A>/spl beta/, where /spl beta//spl ap/1.763 is the root of /spl beta/=e/sup 1//spl beta//. For this class of graphs, this beats the 11/spl Delta//6 bound of E. Vigoda (1999) for general graphs. We extend the result to random graphs.
Cardiac Parasympathetic Reactivation in Elite Soccer Players During Different Types of Traditional High-Intensity Training Exercise Modes and Specific Tests: Interests and Limits

Background: The cardiac parasympathetic reactivation is currently used in soccer with a daily or weekly monitoring. However, previous studies have not investigated how this cardiac parasympathetic reactivation is in elite soccer players along different types of traditional high-intensity training exercise and specific tests. In this context, the present study aim to analyse it and to determine the interests and limits of this type of physiological information. Objectives: The present study aims to examine how different traditional training exercise modes affect the cardiac parasympathetic reactivation function in elite soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two international soccer players participating in UEFA Champion’s League took part in this study (age: 24.3 ± 4.2 years; height: 178.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 80.3 ± 5.7 kg). Players performed different training methods including: short-duration intermittent exercises (INT) in-line and with changes of direction (COD) (10 - 10 seconds, 15 - 15 seconds, 30 - 30 seconds, e.g. an alternance of 10 - 10 seconds is 10 seconds of running according to the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and 10-sec of recovery), INT including agility and technical skills (8 - 24-seconds), small-sided-games (SSGs) with and without goalkeepers (2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) efforts (10 × 20 m, 10 × 30 m, 15 × 20 m). Heart rate (HR) decline was recorded 3 minutes after each exercise. Results: HR declines were greater after the RSA compared to SSGs (P < 0.001) and INT (P < 0.01), especially at 1 min post-exercise. In addition, when the analysis focused on each type of exercise, greater HR declines were observed in on-field players at 1 minute when there was: inclusion of goalkeepers in SSGs (for 2 vs. 2 and 3 vs. 3, P < 0.01); increase of sprint distances or number of sprint repetitions in RSA (P < 0.01); increase of intensity (% of maximal aerobic speed), and the use of COD or inclusion of technical skills during INT, especially for the 30 - 30-seconds. Conclusions: This study revealed that cardiac parasympathetic reactivation function varied after INT, RSA and SSG, but also according to the rules manipulation. Therefore, this study provides interesting information for the training monitoring and players’ recovery profile, with the aim of facilitating a more efficient planning and manipulation of training recovery strategies according to their fitness markers.
Time in U.S. Residency and the Social, Behavioral, and Emotional Adjustment of Latino Immigrant Families

Little is known about contributors to positive social, behavioral, and emotional adjustment among foreign-born youth at different stages of adapting to life in the United States. Using baseline data from the Adolescent Latino Acculturation Study (N = 217), this article examines the effects of time in residency on parent adjustment, family stress, parenting practices, and youth behavioral and socioemotional outcomes among Latino immigrant parents and youth (Grades 6 to 10) who have lived in the United States between 1 and 12 years. Results of cross-sectional analyses show that immigrant families with less time in residency may experience higher levels of distress that diminish in intensity over time and that youth problem behaviors increase and academic outcomes worsen with increased exposure to life in U.S. society. Time in residency, parent adjustment, and parenting practices each demonstrated unique and unmediated effects on youth outcomes. Results highlight specific vulnerabilities for families in states with emerging immigrant populations that often have few supports for the successful integration of recent immigrant families.
A Cloud Adoption Risk Assessment Model

Cloud Adoption Risk Assessment Model is designed for cloud customers to assess the risks that they face by selecting a specific cloud service provider. It is an expert system to evaluate various background information obtained from cloud customers, cloud service providers and other public external sources, and to analyze various risk scenarios. This would facilitate cloud customers in making informed decision to select the cloud service provider with the most preferable risk profile.
Local Structural Properties and Attribute Characteristics in 2-mode Networks: p* Models to Map Choices of Theater Events

Choices of plays made by theatergoers can be considered as a 2-mode or affiliation network. In this article we illustrate how p* models (an exponential family of distributions for random graphs) can be used to uncover patterns of choices. Based on audience research in three theater institutions in Ghent (Belgium), we analyze the loyalty for an institution, the diversity in audience composition as well as more complex local structural patterns. The results seem to indicate that theater audiences are generally loyal to an institution. However, when controlling for more complex structural patterns, such as the co-attendance of identical plays, the tendency toward mobility across institutions becomes more pronounced. By integrating both attribute-specific patterns and more complex structural patterns in the same model social network analysis offers the possibility to investigate differences in co-attendance, loyalty and audience diversity.
Baroreflex deficiency hampers angiogenesis after myocardial infarction via acetylcholine-α7-nicotinic ACh receptor in rats.

AIMS Angiogenesis is critical for re-establishing blood supply to ischaemic myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). Human studies have associated arterial baroreflex (ABR) deficiency with higher rate of sudden death after MI. The present work was designed to examine whether ABR deficiency affects angiogenesis in MI rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was determined in conscious rats at 1 month after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The survival time was significantly shorter in Sprague-Dawley rats with BRS <0.60 ms/mmHg vs. those with BRS ≥0.60 ms/mmHg. Sinoaortic denervation destroyed ABR, and decreased capillary density, regional blood flow and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration after MI. Ketanserin (0.6 mg/kg/day) enhanced BRS, and increased capillary density, regional blood flow, and VEGF. Sinoaortic denervation also reduced the expression of vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter and α7-nicotinic ACh receptor (α7-nAChR). Angiogenesis after MI was significantly attenuated in α7-nAChR knockout mice. In contrast, increase in endogenous ACh with cholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine (30 mg/kg/day) increased angiogenesis after MI. In cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, ACh stimulated the expression of VEGF, phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2, and tube formation in a manner dependent upon α7-nAChR. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ABR deficiency could attenuate angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium. These findings provide further mechanistic basis for enhancing baroreflex function in the treatment of MI.
Operationalizing the Romance Construct in an Adult Sample

29 men between the ages of 19 and 79 years and 60 women between the ages of 18 and 73 years completed an open-ended questionnaire seeking information on romantic acts. These subjects, shoppers in a mall in Toledo, Ohio, were asked to cite specific acts of romance. Among the top ten, the three most frequently specified acts were the kiss, sending or receiving flowers, and dinner in a variety of settings. Responses were compared to two recent studies in which similar information was sought.
On switched Hamiltonian systems

In this paper we study the well-posedness and stability of a class of switched linear passive systems. Instrumental in our approach is the result, also of interest in its own right, that any linear passive input-state-output system with strictly positive storage function can be written as a port-Hamiltonian system.
Diverse Forms of RPS9 Splicing Are Part of an Evolving Autoregulatory Circuit

Ribosomal proteins are essential to life. While the functions of ribosomal protein-encoding genes (RPGs) are highly conserved, the evolution of their regulatory mechanisms is remarkably dynamic. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RPGs are unusual in that they are commonly present as two highly similar gene copies and in that they are over-represented among intron-containing genes. To investigate the role of introns in the regulation of RPG expression, we constructed 16 S. cerevisiae strains with precise deletions of RPG introns. We found that several yeast introns function to repress rather than to increase steady-state mRNA levels. Among these, the RPS9A and RPS9B introns were required for cross-regulation of the two paralogous gene copies, which is consistent with the duplication of an autoregulatory circuit. To test for similar intron function in animals, we performed an experimental test and comparative analyses for autoregulation among distantly related animal RPS9 orthologs. Overexpression of an exogenous RpS9 copy in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells induced alternative splicing and degradation of the endogenous copy by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Also, analysis of expressed sequence tag data from distantly related animals, including Homo sapiens and Ciona intestinalis, revealed diverse alternatively-spliced RPS9 isoforms predicted to elicit NMD. We propose that multiple forms of splicing regulation among RPS9 orthologs from various eukaryotes operate analogously to translational repression of the alpha operon by S4, the distant prokaryotic ortholog. Thus, RPS9 orthologs appear to have independently evolved variations on a fundamental autoregulatory circuit.
Effects of an Instruction Method in Thinking Skills with Students from Compulsory Secondary Education

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects caused by the instruction method “Think actively in academic contexts, TAAC”, an adaptation of Wallace and Adams' (1993) method of thinking skills, creativity, selfregulation, and academic learning, with students from the second grade of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE). We used a pretest-intervention-posttest design with control group. The sample was made up of 110 participants, aged between 13 and 15 years, 58 of them in the experimental group and 52 in the control group. Six assessment instruments were administered before and after applying the method in order to measure the dependent variables. The method, divided into eight stages, was used in all the didactic units of the syllabus content of Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Language, during one academic course, and allowed the conjoint teaching of thinking skills and the syllabus content. The results of the analyses of variance indicate positive impact of the intervention, as the experimental subjects improved significantly in thinking skills and academic achievement. Some interesting reflections for research and education are derived from this study. El estudio que presentamos tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos originados por el método de instrucción “Pensar activamente en entornos académicos, PAEC”, una adaptación del método de Wallace and Adams (1993), en las habilidades del pensamiento, la creatividad, la autorregulación y el aprendizaje académico con alumnos de segundo curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Se utilizó un diseño pretest-intervención-postest con grupo control. La muestra estuvo formada por 110 sujetos entre 13 y 15 años, 58 de ellos pertenecientes al grupo experimental y 52, al grupo control. Antes y después de aplicar el método se administraron seis instrumentos de evaluación para medir las variables dependientes. El método, dividido en ocho fases, se utilizó en todas las unidades didácticas de los contenidos de ciencias naturales, ciencias sociales y lengua durante un curso académico, y permitió la enseñanza conjunta de las habilidades del pensamiento y de los contenidos curriculares. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza sugieren un impacto positivo de la intervención, ya que los sujetos experimentales mejoraron significativamente en habilidades del pensamiento y en rendimiento académico. Se derivan de este estudio interesantes reflexiones para la investigación y la educación.
Heritage as Therapy

Since the democratic dispensation in South Africa, heritage as a category has been necessarily framed by the specter of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, its place in wider society, the general underpinnings of amnesty, forgiveness and the desire to move forward as a nation. Human rights activism, truth commissions, and juridical proceedings are powerful mechanisms for dealing with historical trauma. More materially, South African cultural productions, including objects, memorials, museums, heritage sites and public spaces of commemoration provide another therapeutic arena. After 13 years of democracy, the material spaces of daily life provide a vantage point to examine how practices of remembering and forgetting pervade the public sphere and the world of things, and how traumatic embrace is configured to include (and exclude) certain constituencies as our case studies demonstrate. Spectacles of trauma and memory in the new South Africa are similarly shot through with other interventions including the pressures of state politics, development tactics and international tourism. Perhaps like never before, this `state in search of a nation', has been under an international spotlight and has been held up as a beacon for other oppressive contexts and post-conflict states.
A Swedish Psychometric Test of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule

A translation of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (Rathus, 1973) was tested for psychometric properties on two Swedish samples of college students. Scores from the first sample (n = 144) indicated high reliability for the original scale (Cronbach's alpha = .82) and an item analysis showed that the scale if shortened by six items had improved reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .84). This new scale, tested for validity on another sample (n = 28), showed acceptable discriminative validity. The shortened version is recommended for use in different kinds of settings.
HPLC-UV, MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-MS/MS Analysis of the Mechlorethamine DNA Crosslink at a Cytosine-Cytosine Mismatch Pair

Background Mechlorethamine [ClCH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2Cl], a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, has been proven to form a DNA interstrand crosslink at a cytosine-cytosine (C-C) mismatch pair using gel electrophoresis. However, the atomic connectivity of this unusual crosslink is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings HPLC-UV, MALDI-TOF-MS, and ESI-MS/MS were used to determine the atomic connectivity of the DNA C-C crosslink formed by mechlorethamine, MALDI-TOF-MS of the HPLC-purified reaction product of mechlorethamine with the DNA duplex d[CTCACACCGTGGTTC]•d[GAACCACCGTGTGAG] (underlined bases are a C-C mismatch pair) indicated formation of an interstrand crosslink at m/z 9222.088 [M−2H+Na]+. Following enzymatic digestion of the crosslinked duplex by snake venom phosphodiesterase and calf intestinal phosphatase, ESI-MS/MS indicated the presence of dC-mech-dC [mech = CH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2] at m/z 269.2 [M]2+ (expected m/z 269.6, exact mass 539.27) and its hydrolytic product dC-mech-OH at m/z 329.6 [M]+ (expected m/z 329.2). Fragmentation of dC-mech-dC gave product ions at m/z 294.3 and 236.9 [M]+, which are both due to loss of the 4-amino group of cytosine (as ammonia), in addition to dC and dC+HN(CH3)CH = CH2, respectively. The presence of m/z 269.2 [M]2+ and loss of ammonia exclude crosslink formation at cytosine N4 or O2 and indicate crosslinking through cytosine N3 with formation of two quaternary ammonium ions. Conclusions Our results provide an important addition to the literature, as the first example of the use of HPLC and MS for analysis of a DNA adduct at the N3 position of cytosine.