Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adapting Linguistic Tools for the Analysis of Italian Medical Records

SUMMARY: Weaddress the problem ofrecogni-tion ofmedical entities in clinical records written in Italian. We report on experiments performed on medical data in English provid-ed in the shared tasks at CLEF-ER 2013 and SemEval 2014. This allowed us to refine Named Entity recognition techniques to deal with the specifics of medical and clinical lan-guage in particular. We present two ap-proaches for transferring the techniques to Italian. One solution relies onthe creation of an Italian corpus of annotated clinical records and the other onadapting existing linguistic tools to the medical domain. RIASSUNTO. Questo lavoro affronta il problema del riconoscimento di entita mediche inrefer-ti medici in lingua italiana. Riferiamo su de-gli esperimenti svolti su testi medici in ingle-se forniti nei task di CLEF-ER 2013 e SemE-val 2014. Questi ci hanno consentito di raffi-nare le tecniche di Named Entity recognition per trattare le specificita del linguaggio me-dico e in particolare quello dei referti clinici. Presentiamo due approcci al trasferimento di queste tecniche all’italiano. Una soluzione consiste nella creazione di un corpus di refer-ti medici in italiano annotato con entita me-diche e l’altro nell’adattarestrumenti tradi-zionali per l’analisi linguistica al dominio medico.
Association Between Three eNOS Polymorphisms and Intracranial Aneurysms Risk

AbstractEndothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the catalyst of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Polymorphisms in the eNOS gene may influence the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA), but the results of existing researches are still inconsistent. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation between eNOS polymorphisms (T786C, G894T, 27-bp-variable number of tandem repeat [VNTR]) and IA risk.Case–control studies evaluating the association between the eNOS polymorphisms and IA risk were searched in PubMed, Ovid & Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Wanfang datasets with the last search up to July 15, 2014. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the association between eNOS polymorphisms and IA and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the random or fixed-effects model.Finally, 10 studies for T786C polymorphism (1819 cases and 1893 controls), 9 studies for G894T polymorphism (1393 cases and 1508 controls), and 7 studies for 27-bp-VNTR polymorphism (1281 cases and 1406 controls) were included in the meta-analyses. In the overall analysis, no evidence of association between eNOS polymorphisms and susceptibility of IA was found. When subgrouped by race descent, significantly increased risk was detected among Asians for T786C polymorphism (heterozygous comparison of codominant model: OR = 1.294, 95% CI = 1.025–1.634; dominant model: OR = 1.277, 95% CI = 1.019–1.600), but not in Caucasians or the other 2 polymorphisms.Our meta-analysis suggested that T786C polymorphism was associated with increased risk of IA among Asians, whereas G894T and 27-bp-VNTR polymorphisms might have no influence on the susceptibility of IA.
Microphone array response to speaker movements

Matched filtering and adaptive beamforming are both necessary for efficient speech dereverberation and noise reduction by microphone arrays. This can be achieved by the identification of impulse responses. We show that adaptive microphone arrays are sensitive to the identification errors of the impulse responses, particularly due to speaker movements. We prove that adjusted matched-filtering and permanent tracking of the impulse responses are also necessary. The proposed microphone array responds well to these requirements under realistic conditions.
An Information Architecture Approach to Understanding Cities.

Cities are systems of information architecture. Here, "architecture" refers not to the design of buildings, but to how the components of a complex system interact. Information exchange includes visual input from the environment, personal contact and interactions, telecommunications, as well as the movement of people. Information networks provide a basis for understanding living cities and for diagnosing urban problems. This paper argues that a city works less like a commercial electronic system, and more like the human brain. As a functionally complex system, it heuristically defines its own functionality by changing connections so as to optimize how components interact. An effective city will be one with a system architecture that can respond to changing conditions. This analysis shifts the focus of understanding cities from their physical structure to the flow of information.
Detecting translational regulation by change point analysis of ribosome profiling data sets

Ribo-Seq maps the location of translating ribosomes on mature mRNA transcripts. While during normal translation, ribosome density is constant along the length of the mRNA coding region, this can be altered in response to translational regulatory events. In the present study, we developed a method to detect translational regulation of individual mRNAs from their ribosome profiles, utilizing changes in ribosome density. We used mathematical modeling to show that changes in ribosome density should occur along the mRNA at the point of regulation. We analyzed a Ribo-Seq data set obtained for mouse embryonic stem cells and showed that normalization by corresponding RNA-Seq can be used to improve the Ribo-Seq quality by removing bias introduced by deep-sequencing and alignment artifacts. After normalization, we applied a change point algorithm to detect changes in ribosome density present in individual mRNA ribosome profiles. Additional sequence and gene isoform information obtained from the UCSC Genome Browser allowed us to further categorize the detected changes into different mechanisms of regulation. In particular, we detected several mRNAs with known post-transcriptional regulation, e.g., premature termination for selenoprotein mRNAs and translational control of Atf4, but also several more mRNAs with hitherto unknown translational regulation. Additionally, our approach proved useful for identification of new transcript isoforms.
Placenta Imaging Classification : At Risk Detector ( PICARD )

Each placenta image is accompanied by data about the mother. The only information accompanying the placenta concerning the child is the gestational age and birth weight. To find a correlation between placental features and child health further information about the true health of the child is required. Using the data set provided to the 2010 Summer REU the placentas are labeled as “at risk” or “not at risk” based solely upon the corresponding gestational age and birth weight of the child.
The Benefit of Positive Affect on Children in Crisis

Children are affected every day as a result of automobile accidents. This Capstone Final Project investigates methods to reduce the impact of trauma on child victims as a result of the relationship with the emergency responder at the scene of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs). This researcher offers a recommendation to incorporate supportive tools for law enforcement to utilize in an effort to improve the “at the scene of an accident” response to the child. Law enforcement officers surveyed for this research acknowledged the benefit of positive acts from first responders who interact with children during a crisis. This qualitative research paper explores ways to reduce the level of adverse psychological impact of trauma on child victims. CHILDREN IN CRISIS 3
Delayed light emission as a means of quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables.

DLE is probably produced by all fruits, vegetables, and plant materials undergoing photosynthesis. However, the intensity and duration of the emitted light vary widely depending upon many factors. Because of the strong dependence of DLE on the chlorophyll content, variation in the DLE can be expected among different varieties of the same product. Therefore, quality evaluation based on DLE measurements require careful selection of measuring criteria such as duration and intensity of illumination, dark period, and temperature. It is necessary to obtain precise values of DLE for a particular product under a set condition; and the measurement conditions should be carefully validated to establish a standard measuring criteria. In general, the quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables is based on three major aspects: maturity and/or ripeness evaluation, composition analysis, and internal and external defect detection. DLE measurements so far have focused mainly on maturity evaluation because of the definite relationship between the emitted light and chlorophyll concentration, which changes with maturity. It should be noted that chlorophyll alone is not sufficient; it is the complex of in situ chlorophyll and related compounds in plant materials that jointly contribute to the DLE. Composition of fruits such as sugar content has been related to DLE. Recently, DLE measurements have been applied to detect certain physiological stress responses and defects such as chilling injuries. However, these areas of research have not yet been fully explored. Further investigation relating to compositional quality and internal and external defects of fruits and vegetables with DLE measurement may offer solutions to certain complex quality evaluation problems. The duration of DLE after excitation involves a matter of at least several seconds. From a mechanical standpoint, this extended period of light emission offers a convenient time in which to separate excitation and measurement. However, the exponential decay necessitates very precise control of time between illumination and measurement. The broad activation spectrum permits wide choice and simple design of excitation sources. However, size, shape, and varietal variations of plant materials make uniform DLE measurements difficult. It is suggested that DLE measuring instruments be designed to make several measurements over the entire surface of the specimen. An average of such measurements would reduce the effect of surface nature and shape of the product. Reporting the DLE intensity per unit surface area of the product will eliminate the dependence of area of excitation on DLE. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN INTERACTING SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

With Spitzer IRS, we have obtained sensitive low-resolution spectroscopy from 5 to 35 μm for six supernova remnants (SNRs) that show evidence of shocked molecular gas: Kes 69, 3C 396, Kes 17, G346.6−0.2, G348.5−0.0, and G349.7+0.2. Bright pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen are detected at the shock front in all remnants, indicative of radiative cooling from shocks interacting with dense clouds. We find the excitation of H2 S(0)–S(7) lines in these SNRs requires two nondissociative shock components: a slow 10 km s−1 C-shock through clumps of density 106 cm−3, and a faster 40–70 km s−1 C-shock through a medium of density 104 cm−3. The ortho-to-para ratio for H2 in the warm shocked gas is typically found to be much less than the LTE value, suggesting that these SNRs are propagating into cold quiescent clouds. Additionally, a total of 13 atomic fine-structure transitions of Ar+, Ar++, Fe+, Ne+, Ne++, S++, and Si+ are detected. The ionic emitting regions are spatially segregated from the molecular emitting regions within the IRS slits. The presence of ionic lines with high appearance potential requires the presence of much faster, dissociative shocks through a lower density medium. The IRS slits are sufficiently wide to include regions outside the SNR which permits emission from diffuse gas around the remnants to be separated from the shocked emission. We find the diffuse H2 gas projected outside the SNR is excited to a temperature of 100–300 K with a warm gas fraction of at least 0.5%–15% along the line of sight.
Critical Realist Applications in Organisation and Management Studies

Part 1: Meta-Theory: Critique and Development 1. An Ontology for Organisation and Management Studies 2. Brands, Boundaries and Bandwagons: A Critical Reflection on Critical Management Studies 3. Idealism and Ideology: The Caterpillar Controversy in Critical Accounting Research 4. The Ontology Of Work: Social Relations and Doing in the Sphere of Necessity 5. Human Resource Management and Realism: A Morphogenetic Approach Part 2: Methodology: Critique and development 6. Methodology for Management and Organisation Studies: Some Implications of Critical Realism 7. Future Directions in Operations Research Modelling: Critical Realism and Multimethodology 8. Temporally Embedded Case Comparison In Industrial Marketing Research 9. Theorizing Networks From A Critical Realist Standpoint: The Discovery of Power and Contextual Issues Within and Outside 'Networks' 10. Competence Theories and their Methodological Implications Part 3: Substantive Contributions 11. Working in Teams: Ethnographic Evidence on the High Commitment Workplace 12. Humour and Subversion in Two Call Centres 13. Tracing the Effects of a Hospital Merger 14. The Moral Management of Nursing Labour Power: Conceptualising Control and Resistance 15. I Say Tomato, You Say Tamato: Putting Critical Realism to Work in Labour Market Recruitment Processes
RRP42, a Subunit of Exosome, Plays an Important Role in Female Gametophytes Development and Mesophyll Cell Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

The exosome complex plays a central and essential role in RNA metabolism. However, current research on functions of exosome subunit in plants is limited. Here, we used an egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out RRP42 which encodes a core subunit of the Arabidopsis exosome and presented evidence that RRP42 is essential for the development of female gametophytes. Next, we designed three different amiRNAs targeting RRP42. The rrp42 knock-down mutants mainly displayed variegated and serrated leaves, especially in cauline leaves. The internal anatomy of cauline leaves displayed irregularly shaped palisade cells and a reduced density of mesophyll cells. Interestingly, we detected highly accumulated mRNAs that encode xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) and expansins (EXPAs) during later growth stages in rrp42 knock-down mutants. The mRNA decay kinetics analysis for XTH19, EXPA10, and EXPA11 revealed that RRP42 had a role in the decay of these mRNAs in the cytoplasm. RRP42 is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, and RRP42 is preferentially expressed in cauline leaves during later growth stages. Altogether, our results demonstrate that RRP42 is essential for the development of female gametophytes and plays an important role in mesophyll cell morphogenesis.
Genetic Algorithms for community detection in social networks

Community detection in complex networks has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Community detection can be viewed as an optimization problem, in which an objective function that captures the intuition of a community as a group of nodes with better internal connectivity than external connectivity is chosen to be optimized. Many single-objective optimization techniques have been used to solve the problem however those approaches have its drawbacks since they try optimizing one objective function and this results to a solution with a particular community structure property. More recently researchers viewed the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and many approaches have been proposed to solve it. However which objective functions could be used with each other is still under debated since many objective functions have been proposed over the past years and in somehow most of them are similar in definition. In this paper we use Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an effective optimization technique to solve the community detection problem as a single-objective and multi-objective problem, we use the most popular objectives proposed over the past years, and we show how those objective correlate with each other, and their performances when they are used in the single-objective Genetic Algorithm and the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and the community structure properties they tend to produce.
Module 5 : Probabilistic Reasoning in the Service of Gambling

Probabilistic reasoning is applied to several topics in gambling. We begin with the Chevalier de Méré asking the mathematician Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century for help with his gambling interests. Pascal in a series of letters with another mathematician, Pierre de Fermat, laid out what was to be the foundations for a modern theory of probability. Some of this formalization is briefly reviewed; also, to give several numerical examples, the PascalFermat framework is applied to the type of gambles the Chevelier engaged in. Several other gambling related topics are discussed at some length: spread betting, parimutuel betting, and the psychological considerations behind gambling studied by Tversky, Kahneman, and others concerned with the psychology of choice and decision making.
The taming of the text

that, a section headed ‘Connections between classifications’. As well as looking messy, this means that trying to find the next step in the proccss is somewhat disruptive of the reading process, and hence, possibly, to retention of the information. However, other activities are useful, well-designed and clearly related to the textual information, and there is a recurring insistence that learners try to evaluate the processes they are using as well as setting them in action as a means to an end. For example, Activity 47 (p. 101). ‘Working with Scalar Paradigms’, provides a place for considering the role of value-judgements and obliges the reader to relate them to specific textual features. Throughout the work, linguistic and literary terminology is kept to a minimum and introduced progressively, at a stage where there is a need for specific terms, which are explained as they arise. In a comparatively short time the student is equipped with systems and a meralanguage suitable for carrying out the required tasks in a clear and specific manner. No one who has worked through this book should come out writing typically vague literary essays where ‘language flows’ or the text is ‘effective’. The whole process is pedagogically very well motivated. Nevertheless, there is one decision which I found puzzling. In the section on sound symbolism (whose activity box appears on p. 120). I disliked the conflation of ‘letters’ and ‘sounds’. English spelling being what i t is, dependence on graphological patterns is untrustworthy in relation to phonetic patterns. In fact, I cannot see that sound symbolism can be discussed in any safe and effective manner without a basic knowledge of the articulatory or acoustic features of sounds. In the main text explanation, the distinction between sounds and spelling is mentioncd and so it seems a pity that the obvious proccdure, of explaining phonetics in a little more detail, was not followed. In my experience, there is a ‘felt need’ on the part of the students for such information and without it they tend to slip into seeing sound symbolism everywhere! A final criticism relates to that very simplicity of style which I have praised above. I did feel that, by the end of the work, the language had remained a little over-simplistic, perhaps patronisingly so, to anyone who had worked through all the processes involved in this weighty work. I would have liked to see a slightly higher register developed, moving more towards a normative academic usage and away from the predominantly plain-language lexis which characterises the work. But then I am not an undergraduate student trying to cope with all the new concepts and processes needed for modem literary studies.
Adaptive mesh subdivision for precomputed radiance transfer

In precomputed radiance transfer (PRT), the radiance transfer operator is precomputed on vertices of a mesh. During rendering the transfer operator is combined with illumination to produce global illumination effects at real-time frame rates. However, visible error can be introduced by interpolating the transferred radiance between vertices. We propose to adaptively subdivide meshes with PRT in order to avoid the interpolation error. The mesh density is increased where the transferred radiance can change rapidly and introduce high error. We exploit the fact that the illumination frequency in PRT is bounded and thus we are able to perform the subdivision during the preprocessing phase. This obviates the need for dynamic mesh subdivision at render-time. The adaptive subdivision is guided by an error measure based on the transfer operator.
Phorbol Myristate Acetate-Dependent Interaction of Protein Kinase C and the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter EAAC 1

Sodium-dependent transporters clear extracellular glutamate in the mammalian CNS. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) rapidly increases the activity of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 (excitatory amino acid carrier-1). This effect is associated with redistribution of EAAC1 to the cell membrane and appears to be dependent on a particular PKC subtype, PKC . In the present study, we sought to determine whether this specificity for regulation of EAAC1 is associated with the formation of EAAC1–PKC complexes. In C6 glioma cells, activation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced formation of EAAC1–PKC complexes but did not induce formation of complexes with PKC , a PKC not thought to regulate EAAC1. Formation of these complexes was blocked by inhibitors of PKC. Confocal microscopy revealed that PMA caused EAAC1 and PKC to colocalize in clusters at or near the cell surface. The EAAC1–PKC complexes were also observed in rat brain synaptosomes, demonstrating that this interaction is not restricted to C6 cells. These data demonstrate that EAAC1 and PKC interact in a PKC-dependent manner that is associated with EAAC1 redistribution. Although PKC activation has been implicated in the regulation of many different neurotransmitter transporters, this study provides the first example of an interaction between a neurotransmitter transporter and PKC. PKC also forms complexes with GluR2 (glutamate receptor subunit 2) and causes a reduction in the levels of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors at the plasma membrane. Together, these data suggest that PKC may simultaneously trigger the redistribution of EAAC1 and glutamate receptors.