Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap between folksonomies and the semantic web: an experience report

While folksonomies allow tagging of similar resources with a variety of tags, their content retrieval mechanisms are severely hampered by being agnostic to the relations that exist between these tags. To overcome this limitation, several methods have been proposed to find groups of implicitly inter-related tags. We believe that content retrieval can be further improved by making the relations between tags explicit. In this paper we propose the semantic enrichment of folksonomy tags with explicit relations by harvesting the Semantic Web, i.e., dynamically selecting and combining relevant bits of knowledge from online ontologies. Our experimental results show that, while semantic enrichment needs to be aware of the particular characteristics of folksonomies and the Semantic Web, it is beneficial for both.
Functional status is a confounder of the association of influenza vaccine and risk of all cause mortality in seniors.

BACKGROUND Functional status limitations may be associated with both an increased risk of death and a decreased likelihood of influenza vaccination, and so may confound the association of influenza vaccination and risk of all cause mortality in seniors. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of persons >or=65 years of age that included 252 cases who died during an influenza season and 576 age-matched controls. We identified functional limitations by medical record review, and compared the effect of adjustment for those factors with that of adjustment for disease covariates defined by diagnosis codes, using methods reported by previous influenza vaccine effectiveness studies, on the association of influenza vaccination and risk of death. RESULTS Functional limitations, such as requiring assistance for bathing, were highly prevalent in cases, even in the subgroup defined as free of comorbidity by diagnosis code criteria, and were associated with a decreased likelihood of vaccination among controls. Adjustment for functional limitations resulted in an estimate of the relative risk of death in vaccinated persons compared with unvaccinated persons that was closer to the null [odds ratio (OR), 0.71; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.47-1.06] than the unadjusted estimate (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.83). In contrast, adjustment for diagnosis code covariates moved the estimate further from the null (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30-0.68). CONCLUSIONS Functional limitations appear to be important confounders of the association of vaccination and risk of death, while adjustment for diagnosis code covariates did not control for a healthy vaccinee bias. Further research is needed on methods to reduce the influence of bias in observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
The variety mixture strategy assessed in a G × G experiment with rice and the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Frequent and devastating epidemics of parasites are one of the major issues encountered by modern agriculture. To manage the impact of pathogens, resistant plant varieties have been selected. However, resistances are overcome by parasites requiring the use of pesticides and causing new economical and food safety issues. A promising strategy to maintain the epidemic at a low level and hamper pathogen's adaptation to varietal resistance is the use of mixtures of varieties such that the mix will form a heterogeneous environment for the parasite. A way to find the good combination of varieties that will actually constitute a heterogeneous environment for pathogens is to look for genotype × genotype (G × G) interactions between pathogens and plant varieties. A pattern in which pathogens have a high fitness on one variety and a poor fitness on other varieties guarantees the efficiency of the mixture strategy. In the present article, we inoculated 18 different genotypes of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae on three rice plant varieties showing different levels of partial resistance in order to find a variety combination compatible with the requirements of the variety mixture strategy, i.e., showing appropriate G × G interactions. We estimated the success of each plant-fungus interaction by measuring fungal fitness and three fungal life history traits: infection success, within-host growth, sporulation capacity. Our results show the existence of G × G interactions between the two varieties Ariete and CO39 on all measured traits and fungal fitness. We also observed that these varieties have different resistance mechanisms; Ariete is good at controlling infection success of the parasite but is not able to control its growth when inside the leaf, while CO39 shows the opposite pattern. We also found that Maratelli's resistance has been eroded. Finally, correlation analyses demonstrated that not all infectious traits are positively correlated.
High expression of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) as a novel biomarker for worse prognosis in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) is a key regulator for the activity of calcium ion transmembrane transportation, which plays a critical role in cell cycle and proliferation. However, the clinical impact of ITPR2 in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) remained unknown. Several microarray datasets were used to evaluate the association between ITPR2 expression and clinical and molecular characteristics. ITPR2 showed a higher expression in CN-AML patients than normal persons. In a cohort of 157 CN-AML patients, high ITPR2 expression (ITPR2high) was associated with dramatically shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.004) and event-free survival (EFS; P = 0.01), which were also shown in the European Leukemia Net (ELN) intermediate-I genetic category (OS: P = 0.0066; EFS: P = 0.009). Multivariable analyses adjusting for known prognostic factors confirmed ITPR2high to be associated with shorter OS (P = 0.0019) and EFS (P = 0.012). The prognostic value of ITPR2 was further validated in another cohort of 162 CN-AML patients (P = 0.007). In addition, first gene/microRNA expression signatures were derived that associated with ITPR2high on the genome-wide scale, which provided many indications to illustrate the possible mechanisms why ITPR2 could function. These results could aid to identify new targets and design novel therapeutic strategies for CN-AML patients.
Car Make and Model Recognition using Sparse Coding and Bag of Features

In this paper we apply the bag of feature method to the car make and model recognition problem. By using a sparse coding technique we learn a dictionary of codewords over a dataset of Square Mapped Gradient feature vectors obtained from a densely sampled narrow patch of the front part of vehicles. We then apply standard classification techniques to obtain some promising results.
Short‐Term Memory, Working Memory, and Their Importance in Language Processing

This article reviews the concepts of short-term memory and working memory as they are applied in contemporary cognitive psychology. Such concepts are shown to be highly relevant to language processing and language impairments. Some unresolved theoretical issues in the study of short-term and working memory are described with an emphasis on the potential ramifications of these unresolved issues for an understanding of language processing.
Transductive Support Vector Classification for RNA Related Biological Abstracts

Support Vector Machines use a set of related supervised learning methods for classification and regression. When used for classification, the SVM algorithm creates a hyper plane that separates the data into two classes with the maximum- margin. Given positive and negative training examples a maximum-margin hyper plane is identified where it splits the positive from the negative examples, while maximizing the margin. Transductive Inference enhances the learning process by attempting to achieve the lowest error rate possible given a small sample of training examples. In this research we developed a set of software tools to convert scientific abstracts into support vectors that could be used with an implementation of Support Vector Machine called SVM-Light to classify the abstracts. Three distinct classification experiments were conducted: First, to classify abstracts about RNA research out of a set of randomly selected Abstracts. Second, to classify abstracts about specific types of RNA research out of a set of abstracts that all contain the expression "RNA. " Third, to classify tRNA, mRNA, snRNA, and rRNA abstracts individually out of a set of abstracts pertaining to the four categories of RNA.
Securing collaborative filtering against malicious attacks through anomaly detection

Collaborative filtering recommenders are highly vulnerable to malicious attacks designed to affect predicted ratings. Previous work related to detecting such attacks has focused on detecting profiles. Approaches based on profile classification to a large extent depend on profiles conforming to known attack models. In this paper we examine approaches for detecting suspicious rating trends based on statistical anomaly detection. We empirically show these techniques can be highly successful at detecting items under attack and time intervals when an attack occurred. In addition we explore the effects of rating distribution on detection performance and show that this varies based on distribution characteristics when these techniques are
Current Practice in the Evaluation of Resident Outdoor Education Programs: Report of a National Survey

ABSTRACT:The National Survey of Evaluation Methods and Results in Resident Outdoor Education Programs (1981–82) identified methods used by administrators to evaluate outdoor education programs. 144 surveys were returned (41%), and 171 evaluation instruments were submitted. Most programs evaluate by a combination of methods; 45% use subjective methods, 12% objective, and 36% both. Major uses of evaluations are for improvement pnd planning. Over 100 questions needing research were submitted. Evaluations most frequently assess overall satisfactions with the program, operational aspects, and students' attitudes. A model of the evaluation development process is included.
Revealing stable processing products from ribosome-associated small RNAs by deep-sequencing data analysis

The exploration of the non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcriptome is currently focused on profiling of microRNA expression and detection of novel ncRNA transcription units. However, recent studies suggest that RNA processing can be a multi-layer process leading to the generation of ncRNAs of diverse functions from a single primary transcript. Up to date no methodology has been presented to distinguish stable functional RNA species from rapidly degraded side products of nucleases. Thus the correct assessment of widespread RNA processing events is one of the major obstacles in transcriptome research. Here, we present a novel automated computational pipeline, named APART, providing a complete workflow for the reliable detection of RNA processing products from next-generation-sequencing data. The major features include efficient handling of non-unique reads, detection of novel stable ncRNA transcripts and processing products and annotation of known transcripts based on multiple sources of information. To disclose the potential of APART, we have analyzed a cDNA library derived from small ribosome-associated RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By employing the APART pipeline, we were able to detect and confirm by independent experimental methods multiple novel stable RNA molecules differentially processed from well known ncRNAs, like rRNAs, tRNAs or snoRNAs, in a stress-dependent manner.
Why are Some Union Organizing Campaigns More Successful than Others?

This paper reports a study of two union organizing campaigns in the higher education sector. Using mobilization theory, we tried to explore why one campaign was more successful than the other as measured by membership growth and recruitment of activists. We found that in the more successful campaign, the union was perceived as more effective in voicing workers’ concerns, generated greater social cohesion and union identification amongst employees, was more successful in convincing employees that the university management was to blame for their problems and promoted amongst employees a stronger sense of union instrumentality.
Greater benefit for familiar talkers under cognitive load

Earlier work has demonstrated that cognitive resources are expended when processing the speech of an unfamiliar talker. As such, processing the speech of a familiar talker is a more efficient, automated process. Similarly, data have shown that separating a speech signal from noise also uses cognitive resources and listeners with larger working memory capacities are better able to perceive speech in noise. Given the inverse relationship between perceiving familiar speech and perceiving speech in noise, and presuming that these processes tapped the same cognitive store, we tested the hypothesis that listeners would show a greater talker familiarity benefit when perceiving speech in noise while under cognitive load than when perceiving speech in noise with no load. Our hypothesis was confirmed. We discuss our results in terms of their implications for listeners for whom everyday listening is challenging.
e-Risk Management with Insurance: A Framework Using Copula Aided Bayesian Belief Networks

e-business organizations are heavily dependent on distributed 24X7 robust information computing systems, for their daily operations. To secure distributed online transactions, they spend millions of dollars on firewalls, anti-virus, intrusion detection systems, digital signature and encryption. Nonetheless, a new virus or a clever hacker can easily compromise these deterrents, resulting in losses to the tune of millions of dollars annually. To cope up with the problem, in this work we propose to further enhance their security management by investing in e-risk insurance products as a viable alternative to reduce these individual financial losses. We develop a framework, based on copula aided Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model, to quantify the risk associated with online business transactions, arising out of a security breach, and thereby help in designing e-insurance products. We have simulated marginal data for each BBN nodes. The Copula model helps in arriving at the joint probability distributions from these marginal data. From the joint distribution data, we arrive at the conditional distribution tables for each node. This is input to the Bayesian Belief Network model. The output is frequency of occurrence of an e-risk event. Frequency of loss multiplied with the expected loss amount, provides the risk premium to be charged by insurance companies.
Long-term maintenance of treatment effects following intervention for families with children who have acquired brain injury

Purpose – Where no psychosocial or interventional support is provided, children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at significant risk of serious long-term behavioural and social difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to report the six- and 18-month long-term treatment effects of a family centred behavioural intervention to help families manage and prevent challenging behaviours in children following ABI. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 31 parents were followed up at three time points (post-intervention, 6 and 18 months) after participating in an ABI adapted manualised “Signposts for Building Better Behaviour” programme (Hudson et al., 2003). Findings – Attrition rates were highest amongst families caring for a child with mild ABI. The maintenance of treatment effects were detailed for those families who reported a reduction in challenging behaviour immediately post-intervention. There were no significant elevations in challenging child behaviour, maladaptive parenting, or family dysfunction.
Randomly directed exploration: An efficient node clone detection protocol in wireless sensor networks

Node clone attack, that is, the attempt by an adversary to add one or more nodes to the network by cloning captured nodes, imposes a severe threat to wireless sensor networks. Several distributed detection protocols have been proposed against this attack. However, all of them rely on too strong assumptions and cannot be efficiently applied to most of sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an innovative randomly directed exploration protocol to detect the node clone. Each node need only know its neighbors' information, and then collaborates to forward claiming messages, trying to find out clone. No any specific routing protocols or infrastructures are demanded in the proposed protocol. Therefore, it is highly practical in the general sensor network applications. In addition, the memory requirement of the protocol is almost optimal. Furthermore, the protocol consumes relatively low communication overload, which is not inferior to any previous schemes. The simulation results show that the protocol can achieve high detection probability. Overall, the proposed protocol outweighs previous approaches in terms of practicability and performance.
International students' networks: a case study in a UK university

The great influx of international students into UK universities has led to internationalisation becoming an important issue. Previous studies have focused on the integration of home and international students, illustrating a lack of intercultural interaction. Yet there has been a lack of research investigating international students' networks and how these networks evolve over time. The study reported in the current paper sought to fill this gap. The research findings were interpreted through the lens of community of practice (COP) and social networks (SN) theories. Findings confirmed that international students have four distinct types of network. The class did not evolve towards a single cohesive network, rather there were changing clusters of relationship. The findings showed that although co-national factors are important at the beginning of students' learning, they are not always the main influences shaping student networks. The findings are significant for both institutions and teachers.
Priming Production of People's Names

Surnames of celebrities that are English words (e.g. “Wood”, “Bush”, “Sleep”) were used to explore the relationship between production of common names and proper names that share the same phonology. No effect of priming of face naming latency was found from a prime task in which a written common name was presented and was read aloud, even when subjects were informed the words that they would read aloud were surnames. Production of common names to complete a sentence did not prime famous-face naming. However, the reaction time required to name a famous face by articulating the surname only was primed by seeing the written full name of the celebrity, whether the surname was read aloud or an occupation decision or a familiarity decision was made. No effect of priming was found if the test task did not require name production. The results are interpreted in terms of the information-processing model of face, name, and word recognition proposed by Valentine, Brédart, Lawson, and Ward (1991). It is concluded that the effect of repetition reflects greater accessibility of lexical output codes resulting from an increase in the weight on links from person identity nodes to the output lexicon. Access to the output lexicon is assumed to be mandatory from written input. Common names access the output lexicon from the word recognition system rather than the person recognition system and therefore do not prime face naming latency.
GraphLaugh: A tool for the interactive generation of humorous puns

While automatic generation of funny texts delivers incrementally better results, for the time being semiautomatic generation can already provide something useful. In particular, we present an interactive system for producing humorous puns obtained through variation (i.e., word substitution) performed on familiar expressions. The replacement word is selected according to phonetic similarity and semantic constraints expressing semantic opposition or evoking ridiculous traits of people. Examples of these puns are Chaste makes waste (variation on proverb) and Genital Hospital (variation on soap opera title). Lexical substitution is the humorous core on which funniness of pun is based. We implemented an interactive tool (called GraphLaugh) that can automatically generate different type of lexical associations and visualize them through a dynamic graph. Through the interaction with the network nodes and arcs, the user can control the selection of words, semantic associations and familiar expressions. In this way, a restrict set of familiar expressions are filtered, the best word substitutions to apply them are easily individuated, and finally a list of funny puns is created.
The role of tandem duplicator phenotype in tumour evolution in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer

High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterized by genomic instability, ubiquitous TP53 loss, and frequent development of platinum resistance. Loss of homologous recombination (HR) is a mutator phenotype present in 50% of HGSOCs and confers hypersensitivity to platinum treatment. We asked which other mutator phenotypes are present in HGSOC and how they drive the emergence of platinum resistance. We performed whole‐genome paired‐end sequencing on a model of two HGSOC cases, each consisting of a pair of cell lines established before and after clinical resistance emerged, to describe their structural variants (SVs) and to infer their ancestral genomes as the SVs present within each pair. The first case (PEO1/PEO4), with HR deficiency, acquired translocations and small deletions through its early evolution, but a revertant BRCA2 mutation restoring HR function in the resistant lineage re‐stabilized its genome and reduced platinum sensitivity. The second case (PEO14/PEO23) had 216 tandem duplications and did not show evidence of HR or mismatch repair deficiency. By comparing the cell lines to the tissues from which they originated, we showed that the tandem duplicator mutator phenotype arose early in progression in vivo and persisted throughout evolution in vivo and in vitro, which may have enabled continual evolution. From the analysis of SNP array data from 454 HGSOC cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas series, we estimate that 12.8% of cases show patterns of aberrations similar to the tandem duplicator, and this phenotype is mutually exclusive with BRCA1/2 carrier mutations. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of improved methods for tracking movements of IPMC actuators

A comparison of three different data-acquisition and analysis methods using image analysis for end-edge detection of IPMC actuator strips is presented in this paper. The type of mechanical movements of IPMC strips are specific and well known. This work is focused on comparing the results of the analysis of experimental measurements realized in underwater conditions when one end-edge is fixed-clapped and the other is free. The tracking techniques of the free edge are based on three different approaches, while the two of them use the new technology of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) to reduce further the processing time. The results show that the new techniques increased by 47 and 70 times the speed of detection.