Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive Feedback Is Sufficient to Trigger Spontaneous Spatial Localization of Signaling Systems in Cells

General description of the model. We consider the diffusion of N particles in a cell, consisting of the cytosol, and the membrane. We assume the cell is a sphere of radius R. There are four different kinds of events which change the configuration of particles in the cell. • Spontaneous membrane association. A particle in the cytosol will move to a random location on the membrane at a rate of kon ([min −1]). • Spontaneous membrane disassociation. A particle on the membrane can move back to the cytosol. This happens with rate koff ([min −1]). • Membrane association through recruitment. A particle on the membrane can recruit a particle in the cytosol. The rate at which one particle recruits from the cytosol is proportional to the fraction of particles which are still in the cytosol. The proportionality constant is kfb ([min −1]). • Diffusion on membrane. Each particle on the membrane undergoes a Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient D ([μm2min−1]).
Multiple-Layer Visibility Propagation-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging through Occlusion

Heavy occlusions in cluttered scenes impose significant challenges to many computer vision applications. Recent light field imaging systems provide new see-through capabilities through synthetic aperture imaging (SAI) to overcome the occlusion problem. Existing synthetic aperture imaging methods, however, emulate focusing at a specific depth layer, but are incapable of producing an all-in-focus see-through image. Alternative in-painting algorithms can generate visually-plausible results, but cannot guarantee the correctness of the results. In this paper, we present a novel depth-free all-in-focus SAI technique based on light field visibility analysis. Specifically, we partition the scene into multiple visibility layers to directly deal with layer-wise occlusion and apply an optimization framework to propagate the visibility information between multiple layers. On each layer, visibility and optimal focus depth estimation is formulated as a multiple-label energy minimization problem. The layer-wise energy integrates all of the visibility masks from its previous layers, multi-view intensity consistency and depth smoothness constraint together. We compare our method with state-of-the-art solutions, and extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.
Fundamental performance analysis for spoken dialogue systems based on a quantitative simulation approach

The performance of dialogue systems is mostly measured based on the analysis of a large dialogue corpus. In this way, the dialogue performance can not be obtained before the system is on line, and the dialogue corpus should be recollected if the system is modified. Also, the effect of different factors, including system dialogue strategy, recognition and understanding accuracy or user response pattern, etc., on the dialogue performance can not be quantitatively identified because they can not be precisely controlled in different corpora. In this paper, a fundamental performance analysis scheme for dialogue systems based on a quantitative simulation approach is proposed. With this scheme the fundamental performance of a dialogue system can be predicted and analyzed efficiently without having any real spoken dialogue system implemented or having any dialogue corpus actually collected. How the dialogue performance varies with respect to each factor, from recognition accuracy to dialogue strategy, can be individually identified, because all such factors can be precisely controlled in the simulation. The quality of service for the spoken dialogue system can also be flexibly defined and the design parameters easily determined. This approach is therefore very useful for the design, development and improvement of spoken dialogue although the on-line system and real corpus will eventually be needed in the final evaluation and analysis of the system performance in any case.
Analysis of moisture variability in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 15‐year reanalysis over the tropical oceans

[1] We compare European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 15-year reanalysis (ERA-15) moisture over the tropical oceans with satellite observations and the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) National Center for Atmospheric Research 40-year reanalysis. When systematic differences in moisture between the observational and reanalysis data sets are removed, the NCEP data show excellent agreement with the observations while the ERA-15 variability exhibits remarkable differences. By forcing agreement between ERA-15 column water vapor and the observations, where available, by scaling the entire moisture column accordingly, the height-dependent moisture variability remains unchanged for all but the 550–850 hPa layer, where the moisture variability reduces significantly. Thus the excess variation of column moisture in ERA-15 appears to originate in this layer. The moisture variability provided by ERA-15 is not deemed of sufficient quality for use in the validation of climate models.
Penalty Methods for the Solution of Generalized Nash Equilibrium Problems

The generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP) is an extension of the classical Nash equilibrium problem where both the objective functions and the constraints of each player may depend on the rivals' strategies. This class of problems has a multitude of important engineering applications, and yet solution algorithms are extremely scarce. In this paper, we analyze in detail a globally convergent penalty method that has favorable theoretical properties. We also consider strengthened results for a particular subclass of problems very often considered in the literature. Basically our method reduces the GNEP to a single penalized (and nonsmooth) Nash equilibrium problem. We suggest a suitable method for the solution of the latter penalized problem and present extensive numerical results.
Validating Correctness of a Candidate Fact Using the Web Blind

The Web is a powerful and relatively updated text corpus that can be exploited to effectively evaluate correctness of a given fact. This paper introduces an open information extraction technique that is able to evaluate correctness of the input fact using the Web. Consider a candidate fact that is written as an instance of a predicate, we explain our OpenEval system that is able to evaluates the correctness of the input fact using the Web. Our system formulates a search engine query based on the given instance and classifies the result of the search engine into one of the predicates that are predefined as an ontology for the system. We experimentally show that our system is superior to the previous related techniques such as Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI). We also show that our system can be used to add new predicates to the information extraction systems such as NELL.
Analisis Perbandingan K-Means dan Fuzzy C-Means untuk Pemetaan Motivasi Balajar Mahasiswa

Perkembangan teknologi informasi memungkinkan semakin mudahnya memperoleh data dan informasi dalam jumlah yang besar. data mining mampu memanajemen informasi dalam jumlah yang besar, salah satu teknik data mining adalah clustering. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma K-Means dan Fuzzy C-Means. Terdapat empat kategori pengukuran motivasi belajar yaitu, Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satifaction. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu, e-learnig, praktek lapangan dan praktikum lab. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prektikum lab yang lebih unggul penerapannya hal ini dibuktikan k-means dengan hasil e-learning 29,6%, praktek lapangan 34,9% dan praktikum lab 35,4%. Fuzzy C-Means dengan hasil e-learning 29,6%, praktek lapangan 34,9% dan praktikum lab 35,4%. Berdasarkan hasil validasi cluster k-means 0,2896 dan Fuzzy C-Means 0,5098 menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Fuzzy C-Means lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritma k-means. Kata Kunci : Fuzzy C-Means, K-Means Clustering, m otivasi belajar, strategi pembelajaran.
The proboscis of tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla): a case study in novel narial anatomy

The trunk-like proboscis of tapirs provides a prime case study in the evolution of anatomical novelty. Morphological study of this unique structure was undertaken employing several specimens and a combination of analytical techniques: gross anatomical dissection, radiographic imaging and histological sectioning. Evolution of the proboscis of tapirs entailed wholesale transformation of the narial apparatus and facial architecture relative to perissodactyl outgroups. This transformation involved retraction and reduction of the bony and cartilaginous facial skeleton, such that several structures present in outgroups are completely absent in tapirs, including cartilages surrounding the nasal vestibule (e.g. alar and medial accessory cartilages, rostral portion of the nasal septum) and associated musculature (dilatator naris apicalis, lateralis nasi pars ventralis). At the same time, soft tissues surrounding the upper lip and nose became elaborated to form a mobile, fleshy proboscis. Several key facial muscles (e.g. levator labii superioris, levator nasolabialis, caninus, lateralis nasi) have been co-opted to function in movement of the proboscis. The nasal vestibule is expanded and occupies approximately 75% of the nasal cavity. Vestibular expansion has compressed and simplified caudal components of the nasal cavity (e.g. reduction of dorsal and middle nasal conchae, loss of plica recta and plica basalis). The airway has become dorsally arched causing the ventral conchal complex to become inclined relative to the long axis of the skull. A few anatomical enigmas remain, such as the complicated maxilloturbinate that rostrally contacts the nasal septum and vomeronasal organ. Similarly, the meatal diverticulum, despite being both ancient and anatomically complex, has no obvious functional significance; it is clear that it is not homologous to the nasal diverticulum of horses and other equids. The reduction of the osseocartilaginous portion of the proboscis, coupled with expansion of the muscular and connective tissue components, has resulted in an organ that is best interpreted as a muscular hydrostat.
Formal System Development with Lustre: Framework and Example

This paper proposes a refinement framework for Lustre. First a very general calculus is provided, which ensures correctness and reactivity for a large class of systems. Then, this calculus is adapted to provide oversampling and temporal refinement. We obtain thus an effective calculus for Lustre, which allows us to refine both computations and time. The calculus and its use in the development of reactive systems are illustrated on the island example used by J.R. Abrial for presenting the B system method.
Neuroelectromagnetic imaging of correlated sources using a novel subspace penalized sparse learning

Localization of brain signal sources from EEG/MEG has been an active area of research [1]. Currently, there exists a variety of approaches such as MUSIC [2], M-SBL [3], and etc. These algorithms have been applied for various clinical examples and demonstrated excellent performances. However, when the unknown sources are highly correlated, the conventional algorithms often exhibit spurious reconstructions. To address the problem, this paper proposes a new algorithm that generalizes M-SBL by exploiting the fundamental subspace geometry in the multiple measurement problem (MMV). Experimental results using simulation and real phantom data show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods even under a highly correlated source condition.
Do Friendship and Intimacy in Virtual Communications Exist?: An Investigation of Online Friendship and Intimacy in the Context of Hidden Youth in Hong Kong

This study uses “hidden youth” in Hong Kong as an example to investigate whether online friendship and virtual intimacy are present because these young people are commonly viewed as “socially isolated” and “lacking in social skills” but actually involve in extended Internet use to engage in social interactions. Using the data from 357 hidden youth participants, a paired t-test was performed to look for the significant differences in friendship quality and intimacy between online and offline interactions in different levels of friendship. Results show that the friendship quality of offline relationships is generally slightly higher than that of online relationships, while online friendships display a generally higher intimacy level than the offline relationships. This reflects the fact that friendship and intimacy can be developed in the virtual platform and are similar to the traditional interpersonal relationships.
Culturable diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils

Halophilic bacteria are commonly found in natural environments containing significant concentration of NaCl such as inland salt lakes and evaporated sea-shore pools, as well as environments such as curing brines, salted food products and saline soils. Dependence on salt is an important phenotypic characteristic of halophilic bacteria, which can be used in the polyphasic characterization of newly discovered microorganisms. In this study the diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils of Daecheon, Chungnam, and Saemangeum, Jeonbuk, was investigated. Two types of media, namely NA and R2A supplemented with 3%, 5%, 9%, 15%, 20% and 30% NaCl were used. More than 200 halophilic bacteria were isolated and BOX-PCR fingerprinting analysis was done for the typing of the isolates. The BLAST identification results showed that isolated strains were composed of 4 phyla, Firmicutes (60%), Proteobacteria (31%), Bacteriodetes (5%) and Actinobacteria (4%). Isolates were affiliated with 16 genera and 36 species. Bacillus was the dominant genus in the phylum Firmicutes, comprising 24% of the total isolates. Halomonas (12%) and Shewanella (12%) were also found as the main genera. These findings show that the foreshore soil of Daecheon Beach and Saemangeum Sea of Korea represents an untapped source of bacterial biodiversity.
Intraseasonal variability in the summer South China Sea: Wind jet, cold filament, and recirculations

[1] A recent study shows that the blockage of the southwest monsoon by the mountain range on the east coast of Indochina triggers a chain of ocean-atmospheric response, including a wind jet and cold filament in the South China Sea (SCS). We extend this climatological analysis by using higher temporal resolution (weekly) to study intraseasonal variability in summer. Our analysis shows that the development of the wind jet and cold filament is not a smooth seasonal process but consists of several intraseasonal events each year at about 45-day intervals. In a typical intraseasonal event, the wind jet intensifies to above 12 m/s, followed in a week by the development of a cold filament advected by an offshore jet east of South Vietnam on the boundary of a double gyre circulation in the ocean. The double gyre circulation itself also strengthens in response to the intraseasonal wind event via Rossby wave adjustment, reaching the maximum strength in 2 to 3 weeks. The intraseasonal cold filaments appear to influence the surface wind, reducing the local wind speed because of the increased static stability in the near-surface atmosphere. To first order, the above sequence of events may be viewed as the SCS response to atmospheric intraseasonal wind pulses, which are part of the planetary-scale boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation characterized by the northeastward propagation of atmospheric deep convection. The intraseasonal anomalies of sea surface temperature and precipitation are in phase over the SCS, suggesting an oceanic feedback onto the atmosphere. As wind variations are now being routinely monitored by satellite, the lags of 1-3 weeks in oceanic response offer useful predictability that may be exploited.
Is stacking intervention components cost-effective? An analysis of the Incredible Years program.

OBJECTIVE Research demonstrates that interventions targeting multiple settings within a child's life are more effective in treating or preventing conduct disorder. One such program is the Incredible Years Series, which comprises three treatment components, each focused on a different context and type of daily social interaction that a child encounters. This article explores the cost-effectiveness of stacking multiple intervention components versus delivering single intervention components. METHOD The data involved 459 children, ages 3 to 8, who participated in clinical trials of the Incredible Years Series. Children randomized to one of six treatment conditions received one or more of the three following program components: a child-based program, a parent training program, and a teacher-based program instructing teachers in classroom management and in the delivery of a classroom-based social skills curriculum. RESULTS Per-child treatment costs and child behavior outcomes (observer and teacher reported) were used to generate cost-effectiveness acceptability curves; results suggest that stacking intervention components is likely cost-effective, at least for willingness to pay above $3,000 per child treated. CONCLUSIONS Economic data may be used to compare competing intervention formats. In the case of this program, providing multiple intervention components was cost-effective.
Performance Evaluation of ODMRP and ADMR using Dif-ferent Mobility Models

A Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any existing infrastructure. Mobile Ad-Hoc is a dynamic, multi-hop and autonomous networks composed by wireless mobile nodes. MANETS are subject to rapid and unpredictable changes. MANETS are inexpensive wireless communication network. The mobility model represents the realistic behavior of each mobile node in the MANET. Routing Protocol for Ad-Hoc networks are typically evaluated using simulations. In this paper, we compare the performance of OnDemand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) with the Adaptive demand driven Multicast Routing Protocol (ADMR) under different mobility models such as Random Way Point Model, Manhattan Model and Random Drunken Model. Using these models, performance metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio, End-to-End Delay and Control Overhead are evaluated. ODMRP dynamically builds the route and manages the group membership. In ADMR, Multicast routing state is dynamically established and maintained only for active groups and only in nodes located between multicast senders and receivers. ADMR detects the high mobility without the use of GPS or other positioning system. The simulation result shows that the throughput of ADMR is higher than of ODMR at high mobility and ODMR is high at low mobility. End to end delay and control over head of ADMR is higher than ODMR.
Edge-to-Edge Aggregate Flow Control for the Internet

We present an edge-to-edge flow control scheme which enables an ISP to achieve weighted max-min fair bandwidth allocation among all source-destination pairs on a per-aggregate basis within its network. The motivation behind the scheme is the absence of per-aggregate flow control in the current Internet, resulting in inability to enforce a certain fairness on source-destination flows. The proposed flow control scheme is hierarchical in that in the upper layer weighted max-min flow control is implemented and acting on a per-aggregate and edge-to-edge basis and in the lower layer TCP flows belonging to a source-destination flow share its per-aggregate bandwidth allocated by the upper layer in their normal way. Thus, the scheme requires neither modification nor replacement of TCP congestion control. The distributed algorithm to compute weighted max-min fair rates is based on PI control. It is scalable in that the computational complexity imposed on each link is O(1), i.e., independent of number of aggregate flows travelling through it, stable in that it converges asymptotically to the desired equilibrium satisfying the minimum plus weighted max-min fairness, and has explicit link buffer control in that the buffer occupancy of every bottlenecked link in the network asymptotically converges to the pre-defined value. By appealing to the Nyquist stability criterion, we mathematically prove the asymptotic stability of the algorithm in presence of aggregate flows with different round-trip delays. Through extensive simulations we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in controlling per-aggregate flows.
Fuzzy Based Transformer less GridConnected PV System

In this paper fuzzy based three phase single stage trasformerless grid connected PV system is proposed. Due to the energy demand and GHG emission, renewable energy sources are become more popular. Nowadays renewable energy sources are mostly used in Distributed generation. Solar power generation system become more popular due to the suitability in distributed power generation . Three phase single stage current source inverter based trasformerless grid connected PV system uses a single converter unit (DC/AC CSI). Fuzzy based MPPT used for maximum power extraction from solar system. PR control technique used in voltage and current control loops. The three phase single stage grid connected PV system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental result are presented
Systematic conversion to generic tacrolimus in stable kidney transplant recipients

Background Tacrolimus (Prograf®) is a key drug in the immunosuppressive treatment of renal transplant patients. Since the expiration of the patent for Prograf®, generic preparations have been approved in Europe as bioequivalence has been shown in healthy volunteers. However, few studies have investigated whether patients can be successfully converted from Prograf® to generic tacrolimus. Tacrolimus drug costs are by far the largest single item in the total drug expenditure for patients with renal disease in the Stockholm area. Considerable reductions in drug costs could be achieved if generic tacrolimus were to be used. The aim of this quality assurance study was to evaluate whether a switch from Prograf® to generic tacrolimus (Tacrolimus Sandoz®) could be safely performed in renal transplant patients. It further aimed to investigate changes of renal function (measured in estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR), need for dose changes and to calculate potential drug cost savings as a result of the conversion. Methods We planned to recruit at least 50 patients. Plasma creatinine levels and trough concentrations of tacrolimus were collected from patients with renal transplants at three occasions during treatment with Prograf® and three times after conversion to Tacrolimus Sandoz®. The eGFR was calculated before and after the conversion. Results Sixty-three of 67 enrolled patients (69% males, age 28–80 years) are included in this analysis. The ratio of mean trough concentrations of tacrolimus after comparison with before conversion was 1.02 (90% confidence interval 0.95–1.09). Fourteen patients experienced a change in tacrolimus levels >20% compared with baseline, no patients changed >20% in eGFR. The drug cost saving per daily dose was 33.40 SEK (∼€3.60, −23%). Conclusions Stable kidney transplant patients treated with Prograf® can be converted to Tacrolimus Sandoz® if trough concentrations of tacrolimus and plasma creatinine levels are closely monitored. The conversion brought savings, despite costs for extra monitoring.