Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Gal activity In diabetic patients transplanted with fetal porcine Islet cell clusters

Abstract: The natural anti‐Gal antibody seems to create a major obstacle for discordant xenotransplantation in humans. It is produced in large amounts in humans (20–100 μg/ml serum), and interacts specifically with the carbohydrate structure Galα1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc‐R (termed, the a‐galactosyl epitope). The a‐galactosyl epitope is produced in large amounts on porcine cells, as on cells of other nonprimate mammals (1×106 to 35×106 epitopes per cell). The interaction of anti‐Gal with α‐galactosyl epitopes on the xenograft was found to mediate the immune destruction of discordant xenografts. In view of the intensive production of anti‐Gal under physiologic conditions, it was of interest to determine whether the immune system in humans reacts against α‐galactosyl epitopes on xenografts by increasing the activity (i.e., titer and affinity) of this antibody. For this purpose, anti‐Gal titer and affinity were studied in sera of diabetic patients transplanted with fetal porcine islet cell clusters (ICC) by Groth and colleagues (Lancet 1994:344:1402). Titers of anti‐Gal were determined by a hemagglutination assay with rabbit red blood cells and by ELISA with mouse laminin as a solid‐phase antigen. Affinity of the antibody was estimated by equilibrium dialysis with the radiolabeled free haptenic form of the a‐galactosyl epitope, i.e. [3H]Galα1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc. All assays revealed a marked increase in anti‐Gal activity within 5–8 weeks posttransplantation. The increase in anti‐Gal titers ranged between eight‐and sixty‐four fold. A similar increase was observed in the affinity of anti‐Gal, as assayed in equilibrium dialysis. Immunoglobulin concentration did not increase posttransplantation, suggesting that the observed increase in anti‐Gal activity is the result of a specific immune response against α‐galactosyl epitopes on the xenograft. The elevation in anti‐Gal activity was observed in all three immunoglobulin classes and the highest activity was found within the IgG class. Furthermore, analysis of antibodies against porcine endothelial cells in ELISA has indicated that most of the increased activity against these cells in the serum of the transplanted patients, may be attributed to the elevation in activity of anti‐Gal. These findings raise the possibility that anti‐Gal, which is highly active in patients with xenotransplants, may contribute to chronic rejection of the xenograft by binding effectively to α‐galactosyl epitopes on the xenograft cells and inducing inflammatory reactions against the graft.
Serping1/C1 Inhibitor Affects Cortical Development in a Cell Autonomous and Non-cell Autonomous Manner

Current knowledge regarding regulation of radial neuronal migration is mainly focused on intracellular molecules. Our unbiased screen aimed at identification of non-cell autonomous mechanisms involved in this process detected differential expression of Serping1 or C1 inhibitor, which is known to inhibit the initiation of the complement cascade. The complement cascade is composed of three pathways; the classical, lectin, and the alternative pathway; the first two are inhibited by C1 inhibitor, and all three converge at the level of C3. Knockdown or knockout of Serping1 affected neuronal stem cell proliferation and impaired neuronal migration in mice. Knockdown of Serping1 by in utero electroporation resulted in a migration delay of the electroporated cells as well as their neighboring cells demonstrating a non-cell autonomous effect. Cellular polarity was also affected. Most importantly, expression of protein components mimicking cleaved C3 rescued the knockdown of Serping1, indicating complement pathway functionality. Furthermore, we propose that this activity is mediated mainly via the complement peptide C5a receptors. Whereas addition of a selective C3a receptor agonist was minimally effective, the addition of a dual C3aR/C5a receptor agonist significantly rescued Serping1 knockdown-mediated neuronal migration defects. Our findings suggest that modulating Serping1 levels in the developing brain may affect the complement pathway in a complex way. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an unorthodox activity for the complement pathway during brain development.
High-Power Single-Frequency Thulium-Doped Fiber DBR Laser at 1943 nm

We report on a high-power single-frequency mode-hop-free fiber distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser fabricated from Tm-doped photosensitive alumino-silicate fiber and in-band pumped by an Er/Yb fiber laser at 1565 nm. The fiber DBR laser yielded up to 580 mW of single-frequency single-ended output at 1943 nm for ~ 5 W of absorbed pump power. Further scaling of the DBR laser output power was achieved with the aid of a simple Tm-doped fiber amplifier stage spliced directly to the DBR fiber without the need of an optical isolator. The maximum output power from the DBR laser and fiber amplifier was 2.9 W for a combined absorbed pump power of 9 W. The merits of this DBR laser architecture compared to conventional DBR and distributed-feedback laser configurations are discussed.
Effect of Neem oil and Haridra on non-healing wounds

Background: In Ayurveda, Vrana (wound) has stated as tissue destruction and discoloration of viable tissue due to various etiology. In Sushruta Samhita, Sushruta described Vrana as a main subject. Most commonly Vrana can be classified into Shuddha and Dushta Vrana (chronic wound/nonhealing ulcers). Among the various drugs mentioned for Dushta Vrana, two of them, Neem (Azadirechta indica A. Juss) oil and Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.) powder are selected for their wide spectrum action on wound. Aim: To compare the effect of Neem oil and Haridra in the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds. Materials and Methods: Total 60 patients of wounds with more than 6 weeks duration were enrolled and alternatively allocated to Group I (topical application of Neem oil), Group II (Haridra powder capsules, 1 g 3 times orally) and Group III (both drugs). Duration of treatment was considered until complete healing of the wound, whereas 4 th and 8 th week were considered for assessment of 50% healing. Wound size was measured and recorded at weekly intervals. Wound biopsy was repeated after 4 weeks for assessment of angiogenesis and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, 50% wound healing was observed in 43.80% patients of Group I, 18.20% patients of Group II, and 70.00% patients of Group III. Microscopic angiogenesis grading system scores and DNA concentration showed highly significant effect of combined use of both drugs when compared before and after results of treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Topical use of Neem oil and oral use of Haridra powder capsule used in combination were found effective for chronic non-healing wounds.
Open MRI Magnet With Iron Rings Correcting the Lorentz Force and Field Quality

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superconducting magnet with openness can reduce claustrophobia of a patient. To fabricate an open MRI magnet, a new magnet configuration with iron rings and pole plates balancing the force between the coil and the yoke, and correcting the field homogeneity has been proposed. An MRI magnet with the center field of 0.7 T generated by split-pair coils and yokes is fabricated. The coils are contained in the cryostat with separated vessels connected with two pipes. The coils are separated with a room temperature gap of 480 mm and the diameter spherical volume (DSV) of 300 mm in which the homogeneity is 3 ppm in peak-to-peak. The cryogenic system is cooled by one GM cryo-cooler to realize the zero boiling off liquid helium. In the paper, the detailed design, fabrication, and test will be reported.
Gentisic Acid, a Compound Associated with Plant Defense and a Metabolite of Aspirin, Heads a New Class of in Vivo Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibitors*

Fibroblast growth factors are key proteins in many intercellular signaling networks. They normally remain attached to the extracellular matrix, which confers on them a considerable stability. The unrestrained accumulation of fibroblast growth factors in the extracellular milieu, either due to uncontrolled synthesis or enzymatic release, contributes to the pathology of many diseases. Consequently, the neutralization of improperly mobilized fibroblast growth factors is of clear therapeutic interest. In pursuing described rules to identify potential inhibitors of these proteins, gentisic acid, a plant pest-controlling compound, an aspirin and vegetarian diet common catabolite, and a component of many traditional liquors and herbal remedies, was singled out as a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. Gentisic acid was used as a lead to identify additional compounds with better inhibitory characteristics generating a new chemical class of fibroblast growth factor inhibitors that includes the agent responsible for alkaptonuria. Through low and high resolution approaches, using representative members of the fibroblast growth factor family and their cell receptors, it was shown that this class of inhibitors may employ two different mechanisms to interfere with the assembly of the signaling complexes that trigger fibroblast growth factor-driven mitogenesis. In addition, we obtained evidence from in vivo disease models that this group of inhibitors may be of interest to treat cancer and angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Author ' s personal copy Learning under stress impairs memory formation

Converging lines of evidence indicate that stress either before or after learning influences memory. Surprisingly little is known about how memory is affected when people learn while they are stressed. Here, we examined the impact of learning under stress in 48 healthy young men and women. Participants were exposed to stress (socially evaluated cold pressor test) or a control condition while they learned emotional words and neutral words that were either conceptually associated with or unrelated to the stressor. Memory was assessed in free recall and recognition tests 24 h after learning. Learning under stress reduced both free recall and recognition performance, irrespective of the emotionality and the stress context relatedness of the words. While the effect of stress was comparable in men and women, women outperformed men in the free recall test. These findings show a memory impairing effect of learning under stress in humans and challenge some assumptions of current theories about the impact of stress around the time of learning on memory formation. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Rare Case Report of Scimitar Syndrome

Scimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with hypoplasia of the lung . Here we present a case of a 9month old female child with history of repeated lower respiratory tract infections with imaging findings consistent with Scimitar syndrome. We are reporting this case in view of the rarity.
IGF-I in human breast cancer: low differentiation stage is associated with decreased IGF-I content.

OBJECTIVE Few investigations on the potential role of IGF-I in human breast cancer have used morphological criteria, and the data presented on the localisation of IGF-I are controversial. Moreover, little information exists on a potential correlation between local IGF-I and the grade of malignancy or prognostic factors. Therefore, we investigated the immunohistochemical localisation of IGF-I in specimens of human breast cancer tumours of the ductal type, graded as G1/G2 (well-/moderately differentiated, n=115) and G3 (poorly differentiated, n=28). METHODS IGF-I immunoreactivity was quantified using a scaling from no (-) to numerous (+++) IGF-I-immunoreactive cells. From 29 of the G1/G2 and 17 of the G3 tumours IGF-I was also measured by RIA. Cytosolic oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels, and S-phase fraction were established and related to the number of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells. RESULTS IGF-I immunoreactivity occurred predominantly in ductal epithelial cells. Of G3 tumours, 57% exhibited IGF-I immunoreactivity as compared with 84% of G1/G2 tumours. Correspondingly, the amount of IGF-I measured by RIA was significantly lower in G3 tumours (6.9+/-0.9 ng/g wet weight) than in G1/G2 tumours (10.5+/-1.1 ng/g wet weight) (P=0.031). G1/G2 tumours exhibited a higher percentage of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells (16% -, 23% +, 41% ++, 20% +++) than G3 tumours (43% -, 37% +, 12% ++, 8% +++). When comparing the - with the +++ G1/G2 tumours, the frequency of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells was related significantly to the ER (P<0.016) and the PR (P<0.008) levels. In G1/G2 and G3 tumours, the ER and PR levels increased with the amount of IGF immunoreactivity while the S-phase fraction increased with decreasing IGF-I content. In 25% of the specimens, IGF-I immunoreactivity occurred in stromal cells, but there was no obvious difference between the different types of tumours. The survival of the G1/G2 tumour patients increased with increasing numbers of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that IGF-I is associated with the more-differentiated type of epithelial cells and that increasing dedifferentiation goes along with decreased IGF-I content. Thus, the presence of IGF-I immunoreactivity in breast cancer epithelial cells indicates a lower degree of malignancy than the lack of IGF-I.
Crystal structure of Rv2118c: an AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Rv2118c belongs to the class of conserved hypothetical proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The crystal structure of Rv2118c in complex with S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) has been determined at 1.98 A resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit consists of a monomer, but symmetry-related subunits interact extensively, leading to a tetrameric structure. The structure of the monomer can be divided functionally into two domains: the larger catalytic C-terminal domain that binds the cofactor AdoMet and is involved in the transfer of methyl group from AdoMet to the substrate and a smaller N-terminal domain. The structure of the catalytic domain is very similar to that of other AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. The N-terminal domain is primarily a beta-structure with a fold not found in other methyltransferases of known structure. Database searches reveal a conserved family of Rv2118c-like proteins from various organisms. Multiple sequence alignments show several regions of high sequence similarity (motifs) in this family of proteins. Structure analysis and homology to yeast Gcd14p suggest that Rv2118c could be an RNA methyltransferase, but further studies are required to establish its functional role conclusively.
National Trends in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Availability: 2003–2010

This study examines trends in adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs) and treatment utilization in the United States using data from the National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and data from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). Results indicate an overall decrease in the percentage of adolescents meeting past-year criteria for an alcohol or illicit drug disorder between 2003 and 2010, but the percentage of adolescents meeting criteria who had not received any treatment in the past year was substantial and has remained stable since 2003. In 2010, fewer than 30% of facilities participating in the N-SSATS indicated that they offered special programming for adolescents, reflecting an overall decrease since 2003.
Design of ZnO microvaristor material stress-cone for cable accessories

For the design of 20 kV cable accessories, a stress-cone with semi conductive ZnO microvaristors is examined using finite element method (FEM) simulations. It is virtually prototyped for various geometric design parameters and benchmarked by applying a test voltage. Based on the results, an optimal design is chosen and compared to standard cable accessories in virtual and experimental lightning surge tests in a high voltage laboratory.
First Evaluation of the Role of Salp Fecal Pellets on Iron Biogeochemistry

Planktonic grazers such as salps may have a dominant role in iron (Fe) cycling in surface waters of the Southern Ocean (SO). Salps have high ingestion rates and egest large, fast sinking fecal pellets (FPs) that potentially contribute to the vertical flux of carbon. In this study, we determined the impact of FPs from Salpa thompsoni, the most abundant salp in the SO, on Fe biogeochemistry. During the Polarstern expedition ANT-XXVII/3, salps were sampled from a large diatom bloom area in the Atlantic sector of the SO. Extensive work on carbon export and salp FPs export at the sampling location had shown that salps were a minor component of zooplankton and were responsible for only a 0.2% consumption of the daily primary production. Furthermore, at 100 m, export efficiency of salp FPs was ~2-3 fold higher than that of the bulk of sinking particulate organic carbon (POC). After collection, salps were maintained in 200 µm screened seawater and their FPs were collected for further experiments. To investigate whether the FPs release Fe and/or Fe-binding ligands into the filtered seawater (FSW) under different experimental conditions, they were either incubated in the dark or under full sunlight at in situ temperatures for 24h, or placed into the dark after a freeze/thaw treatment. We observed that none of the treatments caused release of dissolved Fe (dFe) or strong Fe ligands from the salp FPs. However, humic-substance like (HS-like) compounds, weak Fe ligands, were released at a rate of 8.2 ± 4.7 µg HS-like FP-1 d-1. Although the Fe content per salp FP was high at 0.33 ± 0.02 nmol dFe FP-1, the small contribution of salps to the zooplankton pool resulted in an estimated dFe export flux of 11.3 nmol Fe m-2 d-1 at 300 m. Since salp FPs showed an export efficiency at 100 m well above that shown by the bulk of sinking POC, our results suggest that in those areas of the SO where salps play a major role in the grazing of primary production, they could be actively contributing to the depletion of the dFe pool in surface water.
A design of diplexer with high isolation and out-of-band rejection

In this paper, a diplexer with high isolation and out-of-band rejection is proposed. In the working band 1.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz, two transmission bands with bandwidth 30 and 22 MHz center at 1.95 and 2.12 GHz separately are realized. In each single path, a special section which not directly connects to “T” structure and the terminal port to let signals coupling twice before transmitting to the terminal. For each passband, to improve the roll-off rate, two transmission zeros are designed and set near the passband edges. Better than -30 dB out-of-band rejection is fulfilled, while the isolation between two bands is below -28 dB.
catena-Poly[[(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)cadmium]-μ3-4-nitrophthalato-κ4 O:O′,O′′:O′′′]

In the title polymeric compound, [Cd(C8H3NO6)(C10H8N2)]n, two O atoms from both carboxylate groups of a nitrophthalate anion coordinate to the CdII cation, forming a seven-membered chelate ring and two carboxylate O atoms from another two nitrophthalate anions and a 2,2′-bipyridine ligand coordinate to the Cd cation to complete the distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The carboxylate groups of the nitrophthalate anion adopt a syn–anti bridging mode, linking adjacent CdII cations and forming a polymeric chain running along the a axis. Weak intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.
A review of quadrotor UAV: control methodologies and performance evaluation

Quadrotor a kind of multirotor unmanned air vehicle has gained popularity within research community due to its high manoeuvrability, vertical take-off, landing and hovering capability, and ease of operation in areas where traditional unmanned air vehicle have proved ineffective. This article provides a comprehensive survey of research methodologies proposed for quadrotor control. The methodologies are categorised into three different control design domains and each methodology is discussed in detail. Finally, we discuss the evaluation criteria used for the aforementioned methodologies and highlight the potential challenges that still need to be addressed in quadrotor control domain.
Highly Sensitive Quantitative PCR for the Detection and Differentiation of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and Other Pseudogymnoascus Species

ABSTRACT White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that has decimated bat populations across eastern North America. Identification of the etiologic agent, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (formerly Geomyces destructans), in environmental samples is essential to proposed management plans. A major challenge is the presence of closely related species, which are ubiquitous in many soils and cave sediments and often present in high abundance. We present a dual-probe real-time quantitative PCR assay capable of detecting and differentiating P. destructans from closely related fungi in environmental samples from North America. The assay, based on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) specific to P. destructans, is capable of rapid low-level detection from various sampling media, including sediment, fecal samples, wing biopsy specimens, and skin swabs. This method is a highly sensitive, high-throughput method for identifying P. destructans, other Pseudogymnoascus spp. , and Geomyces spp. in the environment, providing a fundamental component of research and risk assessment for addressing this disease, as well as other ecological and mycological work on related fungi.
Is Endoscopic Resection for Type 1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors Essential for Treatment?: Multicenter, Retrospective Long-term Follow-up Results

Background/Aims: Treatment of gastric neuroendocrine tumors is determined by type and size of the lesion. This study aimed to compare the long-term efficacy of observation and endoscopic resection for type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors without metastasis. Materials and Methods: Among the 223 cases of gastric neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed between January 1996 and December 2011, 104 cases were type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors. Sixty-seven patients were treated endoscopically and 27 patients were observed without treatment. Endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and polypectomy were the meth- ods used for endoscopic treatment. Therapeutic efficacy and rates of complication and recurrence were evaluated retrospectively. Results: In the endoscopic resection group, complete resection was observed in 53 patients (79.1%), and recurrence was observed in 14 patients (20.9%). On analysis of the observation group, no change was observed in 19 patients (70.4%), and tumor pro- gression was observed in 8 patients (29.6%). Median follow-up duration was 49 months (31∼210 months). No mortality was re- ported in either group during follow-up. Conclusions: Observation of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors without metastasis yields results similar to those produced by endoscopic resection. Observation alone may be a safe treatment. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2016;16:13-18)