Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Asymmetric Organocatalysis with a Catenated Bifunctional Brønsted Acid.

Interlocked molecules, such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and molecular knots, have become interesting candidates for the development of sophisticated chemical catalysts. Herein, we report the first application of a catenane-based catalyst in asymmetric organocatalysis, revealing that the catenated catalyst shows dramatically increased stereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee) in comparison to its non-interlocked analogues. A mechanistic rationale for the observed differences was developed by DFT studies, suggesting that the involvement of two catalytically active groups in the stereodetermining reaction step is responsible for the superior selectivity of the interlocked catalyst.
Reporting the magnitude of study findings

), the degrees of freedom, and the probability of obtaining the reported value is ubiquitous in modern professional journals in the developmental disability area. Recording the magnitude of the reported ﬁ nd-ings is less common. This additional information is important to readers because statistical signiﬁ cance can be sensitive to sample size. For example, in some studies, relatively unimportant differences in study variables can be statistically signiﬁ cant because there were large numbers of participants. From as early as 1999, the American Psychologi-cal Association called for the use of information on the magnitude of the ﬁ ndings in published quan-titative research reports (Wilkinson & The Task Force on Statistical Inference, 1999). Currently, magnitude reporting in individual research stud-ies is not common in our ﬁ eld. The 6th edition of the
A Confidence Model for Syntactically-Motivated Entailment Proofs

This paper presents a novel method for recognizing textual entailment which derives the hypothesis from the text through a sequence of parse tree transformations. Unlike related approaches based on tree-edit-distance, we employ transformations which better capture linguistic structures of entailment. This is achieved by (a) extending an earlier deterministic knowledge-based algorithm with syntactically-motivated on-the-fly transformations, and (b) by introducing an algorithm that uniformly learns costs for all types of transformations. Our evaluations and analysis support the validity of this approach.
Green Tea Supplementation Affects Body Weight, Lipids, and Lipid Peroxidation in Obese Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: To compare the effects of supplementation of green tea beverage or green tea extracts with controls on body weight, glucose and lipid profile, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and safety parameters in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Design: Randomized, controlled prospective trial. Setting: General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC). Subjects: Thirty-five subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome were recruited in age- and gender-matched trios and were randomly assigned to the control (4 cups water/d), green tea (4 cups/d), or green tea extract (2 capsules and 4 cups water/d) group for 8 weeks. The tea and extract groups had similar dosing of epiogallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the active compound in green tea. Methods: Anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipids, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipid particle size, safety parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress (oxidized low-density lipoprotein [LDL], myeloperoxidase [MPO], malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenals [MDA and HNE]), and free catechins were analyzed at screen and at 4 and 8 weeks of the study. Results: Pairwise comparisons showed green tea beverage and green tea extracts caused a significant decrease in body weight and body mass index (BMI) versus controls at 8 weeks (−2.5 ± 0.7 kg, p < 0.01, and −1.9 ± 0.6, p < 0.05, respectively). Green tea beverage showed a decreasing trend in LDL-cholesterol and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) versus controls (p < 0.1). Green tea beverage also significantly decreased MDA and HNE (−0.39 ± 0.06 µM, p < 0.0001) versus controls. Plasma free catechins were detectable in both beverage and extract groups versus controls at screen and at 8 weeks, indicating compliance and bioavailability of green tea catechins. Conclusions: Green tea beverage consumption (4 cups/d) or extract supplementation (2 capsules/d) for 8 weeks significantly decreased body weight and BMI. Green tea beverage further lowered lipid peroxidation versus age- and gender-matched controls, suggesting the role of green tea flavonoids in improving features of metabolic syndrome in obese patients.
Preliminary Report on Cardiac Dysfunction After Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury*

Objective:The aim of this study was to examine cardiac dysfunction during the first 2 weeks after isolated traumatic brain injury and its association with in-hospital mortality. DesignRetrospective. SettingLevel 1 regional trauma center. PatientsAdult patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods:After institutional review board approval, data from adult patients with isolated traumatic brain injury who underwent echocardiography during the first 2 weeks after traumatic brain injury between 2003 and 2010 were examined. Patients with preexisting cardiac disease were excluded. Clinical characteristics and echocardiogram reports were abstracted. Cardiac dysfunction was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% or presence of regional wall motion abnormality. Interventions:None. Measurement and Main Results:We examined data from 139 patients with isolated traumatic brain injury who underwent echocardiographic evaluation. Patients were 58 ± 20 years old, 66% were male patients, and 62.6% had subdural hematoma; admission Glasgow Coma Scale score was 3 ± 1 (3–15) and head Abbreviated Injury Scale was 4 ± 1 (2–5). Of this cohort, 22.3% had abnormal echocardiogram: reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was documented in 12% (left ventricular ejection fraction, 43% ± 8%) and 17.5% of patients had a regional wall motion abnormality. Hospital day 1 was the most common day of echocardiographic exam. Abnormal echocardiogram was independently associated with all cause in-hospital mortality (9.6 [2.3–40.2]; p = 0.002). Conclusions:Cardiac dysfunction in the setting of isolated traumatic brain injury occurs and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. This finding raises the question as to whether there are uncharted opportunities for a more timely recognition of cardiac dysfunction and subsequent optimization of the hemodynamic management of these patients.
Topology-based flow feature extraction on 3D vector fields

A 3D vector field flow topology extraction algorithm based on critical point analysis is presented for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) data sets. It operates on curvilinear, structured grids, including large multi-zone grids. In many CFD computations, no-slip boundary conditions are imposed on the velocity field. On these boundaries, the fluid velocity vector is zero. The algorithm analyzes this special case by examining the skin friction field. Using glyphs to locate critical points, we can interactively mark vortex cores. This is drawn by selecting glyphs that indicate spiraling flow and integrating a streamline in the direction of the eigenvector associated with the real eigenvalue. The test results show clearly the fluid flow critical features.
Movie Script Summarization as Graph-based Scene Extraction

In this paper we study the task of movie script summarization, which we argue could enhance script browsing, give readers a rough idea of the script’s plotline, and speed up reading time. We formalize the process of generating a shorter version of a screenplay as the task of finding an optimal chain of scenes. We develop a graph-based model that selects a chain by jointly optimizing its logical progression, diversity, and importance. Human evaluation based on a question-answering task shows that our model produces summaries which are more informative compared to competitive baselines.
Ghetto Schooling: A Political Economy of Urban Educational Reform

In this personal account, Jean Anyon provides evidence that the economic and political devastation of America's inner cities has robbed schools and teachers of the capacity to successfully implement current strategies of educational reform. She argues that without fundamental change in government and business policies and the redirection of major resources back into the schools and the communities they serve, urban schools are consigned to failure, and no effort at raising standards, improving teaching, or boosting achievement can occur. Based on her participation in an intensive four-year school reform project in the Newark, New Jersey public schools, the author vividly captures the anguish and anger of students and teachers caught in the tangle of a failing school system. "Ghetto Schooling" offers a penetrating historical analysis of more than a century of government and business policies that have drained the economic, political and human resources of urban populations. This book reveals the historical roots of the current crisis in ghetto schools and what must be done to reverse the downward spiral.
CD28 Engagement Promotes Actin Polymerization Through the Activation of the Small Rho GTPase Cdc42 in Human T Cells

Engagement of the costimulatory molecule CD28 is an important step in the optimal activation of T cells. Nevertheless, the specific role of CD28 in the formation of the immunological synapse and cytoskeletal changes that occur upon TCR/CD3 complex engagement is still poorly understood. Using Ab-coated surfaces, we show that CD28 engagement in the absence of any other signal induced the formation of cytoplasmic elongations enriched in filamentous actin (F-actin), in this work called filopodia or microspikes. Such structures were specific for engagement of CD28 on mAb-coated surfaces because they could not be observed in surfaces coated with either poly(l-lysine) or anti-CD3 mAb. The signaling pathway coupling CD28 to cytoskeletal rearrangements required Src-related kinase activity and promoted Vav phosphorylation and Cdc42 activation independently of the ζ-chain-associated kinase (ZAP-70). CD28-induced filopodia required Cdc42 GTPase activity, but not the related Rho GTPase Rac1. Moreover, Cdc42 colocalized to areas of increased F-actin. Our results support a specific role for the activation of the small Rho GTPase Cdc42 in the actin reorganization mediated by CD28 in human T cells.
Analysis of complex phased array feeds and their interaction with a cylindrical reflector

The behavior of cylindrical reflectors illuminated by complex linear arrays is simulated with the help of an infinite-array approach. Very large reflectors can be considered with a Method-of-Moments approach. The mutual coupling between elements can be obtained with the help of the array scanning method with non-regular sampling and FFT. A non-negligible variation versus frequency of the embedded element patterns and active impedances is observed. It results from array-reflector interaction and its period can be accurately predicted.
Superframe segmentation based on content-motion correspondence for social video summarization

The goal of video summarization is to turn large volume of video data into a compact visual summary that can be easily interpreted by users in a while. Existing summarization strategies employed the point based feature correspondence for the superframe segmentation. Unfortunately, the information carried by those sparse points is far from sufficiency and stability to describe the change of interesting regions of each frame. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of point feature, we propose a region correspondence based superframe segmentation to achieve more effective video summarization. Instead of utilizing the motion of feature points, we calculate the similarity of content-motion to obtain the strength of change between the consecutive frames. With the help of circulant structure kernel, the proposed method is able to perform more accurate motion estimation efficiently. Experimental testing on the videos from benchmark database has demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improving Translation Quality by Discarding Most of the Phrasetable

It is possible to reduce the bulk of phrasetables for Statistical Machine Translation using a technique based on the significance testing of phrase pair co-occurrence in the parallel corpus. The savings can be quite substantial (up to 90%) and cause no reduction in BLEU score. In some cases, an improvement in BLEU is obtained at the same time although the effect is less pronounced if state-of-the-art phrasetable smoothing is employed.
Smart remote procedure calls: transparent treatment of remote pointers

Remote procedure call (RPC) systems have been proven to be a practical basis for building distributed applications. The RPC technique abstracts a typical communication pattern to an ordinary procedure call. Compared with an ordinary procedure call, however, the conventional RPC technique has one evident restriction; pointers (addresses) cannot be passed to remote procedures without the explicit and nontrivial programming effort. This paper presents a method that eliminates this restriction. The method enables transparent treatment of pointers in RPC by combining three key techniques: virtual memory manipulation, pointer swizzling, and coherency protocol. The experiments performed using an implementation of the method show that the method provides performance that is scalable to the access ratio of the remotely referenced data. <<ETX>>
Simulated Annealing Using Hybrid Monte

We propose a variant of the simulated annealing method for optimization in the multivhriate analysis of differentiable functions. The method uses global actualizations via the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm in their generalized version for the proposal of new configurations. We show how this choice can improve upon the performance of simulated annealing methods (mainly when the number of variables is large) by allowing a more effective searching scheme and a faster annealing schedule.
EmbeddedButtons: documents as user interfaces

Recent electronic document editors and hypertext systems allow users to create customized user interfaces by adding user-pressable buttons to on-screen documents. Positioning these buttons is easy because users are already tlamlliar with the use of document editors. Unfortunately, the resulting user interfaces often ex! st only in stand-alone document systems, making it hard to integrate them with other applications. Furthermore, because buttons are usually treated as special document objects, they cannot take advan~age of document editor formatting and layout capabilities to create thenappearance This paper describes the EmbeddedButtons architecture, which makes ~asy to integrate buttons into documents and to use the resulting documents for a variety of user interface types. EmbeddedButtons allows arbitrary document elements to behave as buttons. Documents can be linked to application windows to serve as application control panels. Buttons can store and display application state to serve as mode indicators. New button classes, editors, and apphcations can be added dynamically
Data-dependent MLS for faithful surface approximation

In this paper we present a high-fidelity surface approximation technique that aims at a faithful reconstruction of piecewise-smooth surfaces from a scattered point set. The presented method builds on the Moving Least-Squares (MLS) projection methodology, but introduces a fundamental modification: While the classical MLS uses a fixed approximation space, i.e., polynomials of a certain degree, the new method is data-dependent. For each projected point, it finds a proper local approximation space of piecewise polynomials (splines). The locally constructed spline encapsulates the local singularities which may exist in the data. The optional singularity for this local approximation space is modeled via a Singularity Indicator Field (SIF) which is computed over the input data points. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by reconstructing surfaces from real scanned 3D data, while being faithful to their most delicate features.
The System-on-a-Chip Lock Cache

To my mother, Mihrican Saglam, and my father, Mustafa Saglam, for their love, support and selfless sacrifices. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to everyone who made this Ph.D. thesis possible. First, I owe special thanks to my supervisor, Professor Vincent Mooney, for his patience and guidance from the very beginning until the end. Also, I would like thank everyone in the Hardware/Software Codesign Group at Georgia Tech for their important feedback. Finally, special thanks to my husband Tankut whose love and support enabled me to complete this work. Table 6 SoCLC speedup over spin-lock and MCS locks for different CS lengths.101 Table 7 Microbenchmark total execution times for different memory latencies and the corresponding SoCLC speedup over spin-lock and MCS locks.104 Table 10 Task worst-case response times (WCRT) and actual completion times.113 Table 11 SoCLC hardware with priority inheritance logic synthesis results. (Note that the area results include sum of memory-only area and non-memory logic area.
Active Learning in the Drug Discovery Process

We investigate the following data mining problem from Computational Chemistry: From a large data set of compounds, find those that bind to a target molecule in as few iterations of biological testing as possible. In each iteration a comparatively small batch of compounds is screened for binding to the target. We apply active learning techniques for selecting the successive batches. One selection strategy picks unlabeled examples closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. Another produces many weight vectors by running perceptrons over multiple permutations of the data. Each weight vector votes with its ± prediction and we pick the unlabeled examples for which the prediction is most evenly split between + and -. For a third selection strategy note that each unlabeled example bisects the version space of consistent weight vectors. We estimate the volume on both sides of the split by bouncing a billiard through the version space and select un-labeled examples that cause the most even split of the version space. We demonstrate that on two data sets provided by DuPont Pharmaceuticals that all three selection strategies perform comparably well and are much better than selecting random batches for testing.
Robust predictive control of networked uncertain systems with control input quantization

In this paper, we mainly study the stability analysis and robust predictive controller design of networked uncertain systems with control input quantization. Firstly, a logarithmic quantizer and sector-bounded method are adopted. The system is modeled as a linear uncertain system model with sector-bounded uncertainties. Then, the quantization control problem is transformed into a solution of a sector-bound bounded uncertainty Robust Control problem. Secondly, based on the model and the robust stability analysis, a robust predictive controller design method is proposed to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with certain control performance in the form of linear matrix inequality. Finally, the theoretical results of this paper are verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system and achieve a certain control performance, and the robust predictive controller is effective and feasible.
Effektive Förderung rechenschwacher Kinder

Kinder und Jugendliche mit schwachen Rechenfertigkeiten sind nicht nur in der Schule, sondern auch im taglichen Leben vielfaltig beeintrachtigt. Eine effektive Forderung ist daher dringend notwendig. In der vorliegenden Metaanalyse wurden Studien, in denen die Wirksamkeit von Forderprogrammen bei deutschsprachigen Kindern mit schwachen Rechenleistungen untersucht wurde, systematisch zusammengefasst. Insgesamt zehn Experimental-Kontrollgruppen-Vergleiche aus acht Interventionsstudien mit 328 Kindern konnten in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden. Die mittlere Effektstarke der Studien war mittelgros (g’ = 0.50). Eine Subgruppenanalyse zeigte keine Wirksamkeitsunterschiede zwischen curricularen und nicht-curricularen Forderansatzen. Weitere Subgruppenanalysen zeigten, dass der Fordereffekt durch das Setting, den Interventionsleiter, sowie durch Dauer und Umfang der Forderung moderiert wird. Langfristige Effekte konnten nicht metaanalytisch ausgewertet werden. Es gibt jedoch empirische Evidenz fur langfristi.
Menaquinone Analogs Inhibit Growth of Bacterial Pathogens

ABSTRACT Gram-positive bacteria cause serious human illnesses through combinations of cell surface and secreted virulence factors. We initiated studies with four of these organisms to develop novel topical antibacterial agents that interfere with growth and exotoxin production, focusing on menaquinone analogs. Menadione, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and coenzymes Q1 to Q3 but not menaquinone, phylloquinone, or coenzyme Q10 inhibited the growth and to a greater extent exotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus agalactiae at concentrations of 10 to 200 μg/ml. Coenzyme Q1 reduced the ability of S. aureus to cause toxic shock syndrome in a rabbit model, inhibited the growth of four Gram-negative bacteria, and synergized with another antimicrobial agent, glycerol monolaurate, to inhibit S. aureus growth. The staphylococcal two-component system SrrA/B was shown to be an antibacterial target of coenzyme Q1. We hypothesize that menaquinone analogs both induce toxic reactive oxygen species and affect bacterial plasma membranes and biosynthetic machinery to interfere with two-component systems, respiration, and macromolecular synthesis. These compounds represent a novel class of potential topical therapeutic agents.
The Lawrence--Krammer representation is unitary

We show that the Lawrence--Krammer representation is unitary. We explicitly present the non-singular matrix representing the sesquilinear pairing invariant under the action. We show that reversing the orientation of a braid is equivalent to the transposition of its Lawrence--Krammer matrix followed by a certain conjugation. As corollaries it is shown that the characteristic polynomial of the Lawrence--Krammer matrix is invariant under substitution of its variables with their inverses up to multiplication by units, and is not a complete conjugacy invariant for braids.