Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating subsurface iron and arsenic removal: anoxic column experiments to explore efficiency parameters

High concentrations of arsenic in drinking water form a major threat for public health in more than 70 countries worldwide. The situation is Bangladesh is seen as the worst incidence of arsenic poisoning: it is believed that 30 million people in Bangladesh are exposed to an arsenic concentration exceeding 50 μg/L. Recently subsurface treatment as a possibility for arsenic removal for drinking water supply on community scale in rural Bangladesh has been recognized. The application of this subsurface treatment technique for arsenic removal is seen as very promising, since it has many advantages: it is a residue free, low-cost technology and no hazardous chemicals or expensive filter media are required. The technique, already applied for decades in Europe for subsurface iron removal, involves the injection of aerated water into an anoxic aquifer, where consequently ferrous iron is oxidized by the injected oxygen. Subsequently, the flow is reversed and a multiple of the injected volume can be extracted with lowered iron concentrations, which makes the technology successful. Efficiency ratios (V/Vi) of extracted water (V) over injected water (Vi) are typically increasing over the successive cycles and may range from 3 to 30. The freshly formed ferric oxides are potentially effective adsorbents for trace elements like arsenic. Yet, there is a lack of insight in both (i) the fundamental knowledge of the responsible mechanisms causing the (increasing) sorption of iron and arsenic, and (ii) the operational factors through which the removal efficiency can be optimized. The primary goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of these dominant mechanisms and the observed increasing efficiency, in order to optimize the operation of this technology in the field.
Substance Abuse in High School Students in Association with Socio-Demographic Variables in Northwest of Iran

Background: Substance abuse in adolescents and its often tragic consequences, including addiction, is one of the preventable major public health problems. The aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence of substance abuse and to evaluate its some associated factors in adolescents of Tabriz City (northwest of Iran). Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed in 4903 randomly selected students with mean age of 15.7 years old. The aim of the questionnaire was obtaining information on substance abuse, socio-economical information, cigarette smoking behavior, general risk taking behavior, self-esteem, attitude towards smoking and self-injury as well as demographical characteristics. Results: Prevalence of substance abuse was 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1–1.7) which was different statistically significant between boys (2.4%) and girls (0.6%) (P<0.001). Older age (OR=1.43), not living with parents (OR=2.34), having general risk taking behavior (OR=2.26), higher smoking stage (OR=2.39), lower self-esteem (OR=1.09) and positive attitude toward smoking (OR=1.08) were factors associated with student’s ever use of substance. Conclusion: The result has shown low prevalence of substance abuse in Iranian adolescents. Our findings showed some associated factors such as lower self-esteem with adolescent’s substance abuse.
A novel robust text watermarking for word document

In this paper, a novel method of robust watermarking for word documents for protecting copyright and controlling dissemination is proposed. A word document consists of lots of objects and word objects are arranged in a hierarchical order. Every object has its own properties and functions. Some of the properties are special. They can't be modified via the interface of word application but via programming only and their change will not cause any differences on the page. These special properties are suitable for hiding information. Watermarking which includes both the author and the legal user's information is embedded in these special attributes of Word objects circularly after encryption, grouping and packing into the message. As the experimental results shown, this watermarking scheme performances excellent on robustness. After all kinds of attacks, including adjusting the features, deletion, insertion and replacement, and even massive attack, the watermarking can still be extracted from word document. It has a promising prospect of wide use fields of the copyright protection and text delivery on the internet and it applies to both English and Chinese language.
Information Measures for Biometric Identification via 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform

Biometric identification is crucial to information assurance and national security. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, various approaches have been successfully applied to the biometric identification, like the neural network, fuzzy logic, principal component analysis, independent component analysis and wavelet transform (1D and 2D). A typical fingerprint image usually appears as an arbitrary picture with a unique pattern whose reoccurring data are reflected within each individual print. The 2D discrete wavelet transform can be used to digitally compress fingerprints and reconstruct original images via components of the approximation, horizontal detail, vertical detail and diagonal detail from the input image transformation. At the same time, some quantitative measures are needed in order to evaluate the quality of the wavelet transform. In this research, several measures are proposed to evaluate information flow of the 2D discrete wavelet transform. The gray level energy, discrete entropy and relative entropy are used to measure the outcomes of the biometric fingerprint identification via the 2D discrete wavelet transform.
A Fully Automated System for Adherent Cells Microinjection

This paper proposes an automated robotic system to perform cell microinjections to relieve human operators from this highly difficult and tedious manual procedure. The system, which uses commercial equipment currently found on most biomanipulation laboratories, consists of a multitask software framework combining computer vision and robotic control elements. The vision part features an injection pipette tracker and an automatic cell targeting system that is responsible for defining injection points within the contours of adherent cells in culture. The main challenge is the use of bright-field microscopy only, without the need for chemical markers normally employed to highlight the cells. Here, cells are identified and segmented using a threshold-based image processing technique working on defocused images. Fast and precise microinjection pipette positioning over the automatically defined targets is performed by a two-stage robotic system which achieves an average injection rate of 7.6 cells/min with a pipette positioning precision of 0.23 μm. The consistency of these microinjections and the performance of the visual targeting framework were experimentally evaluated using two cell lines (CHO-K1 and HEK) and over 500 cells. In these trials, the cells were automatically targeted and injected with a fluorescent marker, resulting in a correct cell detection rate of 87% and a successful marker delivery rate of 67.5%. These results demonstrate that the new system is capable of better performances than expert operators, highlighting its benefits and potential for large-scale application.
Antenna Selection and Ordering for EST-Based Modulation With Cyclic Delay Diversity

In this paper, antenna selection and ordering for energy-spreading transform (EST)-based modulation employing multiple transmit antennas for cyclic delay diversity (CDD) is considered. First, we analyze the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the iterative receiver based on a soft decision that has been designed for EST-based modulation. Then, an antenna-selection and ordering criterion that maximizes the SINR of the soft-decision receiver is proposed.
The impact of emotional intelligence on effective leadership in the military production factories (MPF) in Egypt

Emotional intelligence is one of the most important personal trait linking to leadership in a way of assisting and developing the desired skills needed for those leaders applying effective leadership. There is a lack in the research literature related to leadership style in the Military Production Factories (MPFs) sector in Egypt. There is great attention and initiative to the reform in governmental sector in Egypt. This study considered as a baseline study for identifying the dominant leadership style in MPF. Military production industry sector includes 20 factories and companies lead by the Ministry of Military production (MOMP). The factories produced Military and non-military production. The sector includes 33546 employees. The selected organisation (MPF) works under the authority and supervision of the Ministry of military production (MOMP) in Egypt, however the majority of worker, including top, and middle line management are civilian. This study investigates the style of leadership mainly transformation and transactional leadership. The scale of the questionnaire was developed based on two sources and references to measure this relationship between the independent variable emotional intelligence and dependent variable leadership style. This study uses statistical tools SPSS including regression, correlation, Cronbach’s alpha. The result on the level of Leadership, First, -study shows that female employee of the MOMP have a tendency towards a high level of transformational leadership style behavior more than male managers in the MOMP. Confirmed by Mandell and Pherwani, 2003). Second, Males’ leadership style more oriented to the style of transactional style of leadership (confirmed by Strickland, 2008). On the level, emotional intelligence females scored higher than male in emotional intelligence. Furthermore, the dimensions of emotional intelligence (emotion attention, emotional clarity and Emotional repair (women scoring higher in emotional repair the most). Corresponding author: Safaa Shaaban Email addresses for corresponding author: Safaa.shaban@bue.edu. eg First submission received: 19th December 2017 Revised submission received: 7th March 2018 Accepted: 5th April 2018
Type IIB RH Conjectures

We propose SL(2, Z) (and SL(3, Z)) invariant conjectures for all RH couplings of Type IIB strings on R (and R ×T ), generalizing conjectures of Green and Gutperle (and Kiritsis and Pioline) for the R coupling. A strong check for our conjectures is that on T 2 at weak coupling, they reproduce the multiloop scattering amplitudes which had been previously computed using N = 2 strings in the N = 4 topological formalism. Applications to (p, q) string production in a background H field, generalizing Schwinger’s computation for pair production in constant F field, are suggested.
Nonsinglet Contributions to the Structure Function g1 at Small-x

Nonsinglet contributions to the $g_1(x,Q^2)$ structure function are calculated in the double-logarithmic approximation of perturbative QCD in the region $x \ll 1$. Double logarithmic contributions of the type $(\alpha_s \ln ^2 (1/x))^k$ which are not included in the GLAP evolution equations are shown to give a stronger rise at small-x than the extrapolation of the GLAP expressions. Further enhancement in the small-x region is due to non-ladder Feynman graphs which in the DLA of the unpolarized structure functions do not contribute. Compared to the conventional GLAP method (where neither the whole kinematical region which gives the double logs nor the non-ladder graphs are taken into account) our results lead to a growth at small-x which, for HERA parameters, can be larger by up to factor of 10 or more.
Oral and Written Linguistic Indices of Deception During Employment Interviews.

This study was designed to find preliminary information concerning differences between oral and written linguistic indices of deception during employment interviews. It was predicted that: (1) oral messages would be characterized by significantly different linguistic indices than written messages, (2) truthful messages would be characterized by significantly different linguistic indices than deceptive messages, (3) male responses would be characterized by significantly different linguistic indices than female responses, and (4) individual question responses would be characterized by significantly different linguistic indices than other individual question responses. Thirty one male and 42 female students in undergraduate business and professional communication courses participated in oral and written employment interviews. The transcribed and coded responses were analyzed with the Syntactic Language Computer Analysis program. The data were analyzed with a four way analysis of variance with repeated measures and a stepwise multiple discriminant analysis programs.
Students’ views on expanding contours of social work practice through spirituality

ABSTRACT This article surveys the views of 15,067 social work students across 12 countries on social work practice and spirituality. Responses were elicited on precoded binary response categories as derived from literature. Results of the logistic regression analyses, as embedded in the original study design, showed that students from Australia, European countries, and the United States; women; postgraduate students; Christians; and those with higher self-reported spirituality scores saw mindfulness-based spiritually–sensitive interventions as the core mode of micro–level work with individuals and groups. Spirituality was seen as philosophically expanding the contours of practice by laying newer ways of assessment, intervention, and change.
Representations of Hope, Goals, and Meaning From Lay Person’s Perspectives in Two African Contexts

In the rapidly expanding field of positive psychology, a core question is now what the relationships among various positive constructs are and how we can understand this in various contexts. We aimed to explore the possible nomological network linking the constructs hope, goals, and meaning from a bottom-up Africentric perspective in two African contexts (Ghana and South Africa) among samples of 18 emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years in each context. Connotations of hope, goals, and meaning as experienced by participants were thematically analyzed and thereafter conceptually clustered. These clusters formed overlapping nodes indicating the nomological network among constructs. Apart from positive intrapersonal cognitive processes linking the main constructs, the fulfillment of various well-being needs, embedded-ness in horizontal and vertical relationships, intertwined understandings, and links across domains of life came to the fore as nodes linking the constructs hope, goals, and meaning in the current sample. Our findings further illustrated that African-centered perspectives on the interconnectedness of things through spirituality and relationships endorse positive psychology views that emphasize relational dimensions as crucial aspects of cognitive well-being.
Uncertainty propagation and speculation in projective forecasts of environmental change - a lake eutrophication example.

The issue of whether models developed for current conditions can yield correct predictions when used under changed control, as is often the case in environmental management, is discussed. Two models of different complexity are compared on the basis of performance criteria, but it appears that good performance at the calibration stage does not guarantee correctly predicted behavior. A requirement for the detection of such a failure of the model is that the prediction uncertainty range is known. Two techniques to calculate uncertainty propagation are presented and compared: a stochastic first-order error propagation based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and a newly developed and robust Monte Carlo set-membership procedure (MCSM). The procedures are applied to a case study of water quality, generating a projective forecast of the algal dynamics in a lake (Lake Veluwe) in response to management actions that force the system into a different mode of behavior. It is found that the forecast from the more complex model falls within the prediction uncertainty range, but its informative value is low due to large uncertainty bounds. As a substitute for time-consuming revisions of the model, educated speculation about parameter shifts is offered as an alternative approach to account for expected but unmodelled changes in the system.
Properties of high-lying vibrational states of the molecular ion

Calculations are presented for the vibrational states of on a potential with the correct dissociation properties (Molec. Phys., 98, 261 (2000)) using both Radau and Jacobi coordinates. This potential is found to support horseshoe states at low to intermediate energies. Near the dissociation limit a new class of long-range states, called asymptotic vibrational states (AVS), is found. These states are similar to those suggested to explain the observed near-dissociation spectrum of . The possible consequences of such states are discussed.
Comparative morphology of rostral cartilages in extant mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes, Lamnidae) using CT scanning

A comparative study of rostral morphology of extant mackerel sharks (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) is presented. Based oncomputed tomography (CT) scans of fresh specimens, 3D reconstructions, dried museum chondrocrania and the availableliterature, detailed morphological descriptions of the rostral cartilages are provided for the type species of all three extantlamnid genera, namely Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 and Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788), and compared with those of I. paucus Guitart Manday, 1966 and L. ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947.Despite intraspecific variation, the rostral cartilages of all extant lamnids present significant differences that allow genus-and species-level identification, which is especially of use to identify fossil rostral nodes of these particular taxa. The maindifferences were found to be in overall calcification of the rostrum (Lamna > Isurus > Carcharodon), general configura-tion of the rostral open space, position of the base of the lateral rostral cartilages, (non-)abutting lateral cartilages, (absent)rostral keels and shape of the rostral node. In cross section, the base of the rostral node is rounded in Lamna, Y-shaped in Isurus and uncalcified in juvenile and subadult Carcharodon (tesserae absent).
Neuroevolution Based Multi-Agent System with Ontology Based Template Creation for Micromanagement in Real-Time Strategy Games

This paper presents a multi-agent system that handles unit micromanagement using online machine learning in real time strategy games. We used rtNEAT algorithm in order to obtain customized neural network topologies, thus avoiding to complex network architecture. We use an ontology based template to create suitable input and outputs for unit agents enabling them to cooperate and form teams for their mutual benefit and eliminating communication overhead. The AI system was implemented using the JADE framework and the BWAPI handled communication between our system and the game. We have chosen Starcraft as a testbed. As a baseline we compared the in game AI as well as several other AI solutions that use adaptive mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 43.1. 4600
Public religious activities, stress, and mental well-being in the United States: the role of religious reframing in coping

ABSTRACT Religious reframing is applying religious beliefs to an assessment of stressful personal situations. If public religious activities (e.g., religious volunteering) meet the necessary criteria to enable religious reframing, they may serve to limit (or “buffer”) the negative impact of stressors (e.g., family conflict) on mental well-being. Based on this dynamic, two out of three public religious activities (i.e., religious volunteering and religious group activities, but not religious service attendance) were predicted to buffer stress based on their capacity to enable religious reframing. Predictions were supported by hierarchical linear regressions using data for Americans aged 40 and older (N = 2579). This research proposes a framework for using religious reframing as the basis for making predictions about relative stress-buffering performances. It also finds that religious service attendance – the most common form of public religious involvement – does not enable religious reframing to the point of effectuating stress buffering.
Software Clone Detection and Refactoring

Several studies have been proposed in the literature on software clones from different points of view and covering many correlated features and areas, which are particularly relevant to software maintenance and evolution. In this paper, we describe our experience on clone detection through three different tools and investigate the impact of clone refactoring on different software quality metrics.
Chapter 5 Solution-Processable Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors

Solution-processable single-crystalline inorganic semiconducting nanowires are excellent building blocks for printable electronics requiring high performance of semiconducting components. Excellent charge carrier mobilities of crystalline nanowires combined with solvent-based nanowire processing open up possibilities for low-cost nanowire electronics targeting a variety of applications ranging from flexible circuits to chemical and biological sensors. Nanowire field-effect transistors are key devices for most of such applications. Recent developments in controllable nanowire positioning and orientation on the substrates and electrical property selection provide the necessary technological breakthroughs enabling the fabrications of reproducible nanowire transistors. In this chapter, we discuss the nanowire assembly methods and high-spatial-resolution scanning probe microscopy techniques towards scalable fabrication of high-performance printable nanowire field-effect transistors.
Gravitational lensing by globular clusters and Arp objects

We try to explain quasar-galaxy associations by gravitational lensing by globular clusters, located in the halos of foreground galaxies. We propose observational test for verification of this hypothesis. We processed SUPERCOSMOS sky survey and found overdensities of star-like sources with zero proper motions in the vicinities of foreground galaxies from CfA3 catalog. We show mean effect for galaxies with different redshifts. Two effects can explain observational data - these are lensing by globular clusters and lensing by dwarf galaxies. We made CCD 3-color photometry with 2.0-1.2 meter telescopes to select extremely lensed objects around several galaxies for spectroscopic observations.