Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidance, Conceptual Understanding, and Student Learning: Enactment of an Inquiry-Based Science Curriculum

How does inquiry-based teaching help students to learn standards-based science content? This paper is a multiple-method exploration of the nature of guidance four middle school teachers provided during discussions during an inquiry-based physical science unit about density. Pre and posttests of students’ conceptual understanding identified teachers whose students had high and low learning gains through the course of the unit. Videotapes of each teacher’s lessons were then coded according to a framework of authoritative, dialogic, and blended guidance, as well as the conceptual levels addressed during discussions. Results indicate that the teachers whose students had higher learning gains at the end of the unit shifted more often between authoritative and dialogic communicative approaches, and led discussions which more closely mapped onto the expected conceptual progression underlying the unit. The study highlights the importance of actively shifting guidance to develop students’ conceptual understanding during inquiry-based teaching.
Velobug: a mobile system for 3D indoor mapping

In this work, we implement a mobile system called Velobug to measures 3D data of the environment. Velobug could generate dense and colored point cloud to reconstruct the environment for 3D mapping with long effective range. Velobug is mainly consisted of a Velodyne HDL-32e LiDAR senor and a Point Grey Research Ladybug3 panoramic camera. The LiDAR sensor is utilized to acquire 3D data of the environment and generate point cloud. Pictures captured by the panoramic camera are used for complementing RGB information of the point cloud after the calibration between the panoramic camera and the LiDAR sensor. We could maker point cloud denser by registering multiple frames of point cloud with Generalized Iterative Closet Point(Generalized-ICP) method. We evaluate Velobug in an underground shopping street near Nagoya Station. The experiment result shows the mobility, practicability and efficiency in reconstruction for 3D indoor mapping.
On the Detection of Temporal Field Order in Interlaced Video Data

In traditional analog interlaced video such as NTSC (B. Grob, 1984), the timing of the two fields is determined within the analog video signal. However, in today's converging world of analog and digital video, it becomes increasingly possible that information about field order is lost or not known. The analog interlaced video may undergo digital sampling, editing, or processing which alters or removes the field order information. This paper presents a simple and efficient approach for detecting the correct field order from only the interlaced video data. The method is based on proposed measurements of "zipper" points and energy of the interlaced video. Simulations show that the approach provides very promising detection performance.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Assessment for Living and Learning Scale: A Cross-Validation Investigation

The Assessment for Living and Learning (ALL; G. M. Denzine, 1994, 1996) measures college students' perceptions of the academic climate in their residence hall. Confirmatory factor analyses results reveal that the data did not provide an adequate fit to the measurement model underlying the ALL. A revised model was tested and is recommended for use.
Suppression of real power back flow of non-regenerative cascaded H-bridge inverters operating under faulty conditions

Good fault-tolerant ability is one of the advantages of cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters. When the faulty cell is bypassed, it is necessary to inject zero-sequence (ZS) voltage into three-phase output voltages to balance the line-to-line voltages. Conventional methods injecting ZS voltage is aimed at maximizing the achievable amplitude of the output line-to-line voltages. However, the injection of ZS voltage may lead to real power back flow in one or two phase. For CHB inverters which have no regeneration ability, the DC voltage will rise to an intolerable level. This paper analyzes the requirements for the ZS voltage to both achieve maximum output voltage and avoid real power back flow. Further, a method to suppress real power back flow by reducing the fundamental component in ZS voltage is proposed. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method can allow the inverter to drive a load with lower power factor without leading real power back flow or sacrificing the voltage output capability. Thus the reliability of the CHB inverter is enhanced. Simulation results verify the validity and the advantage of the proposed method.
PvTFDB: a Phaseolus vulgaris transcription factors database for expediting functional genomics in legumes

The common bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] is one of the essential proteinaceous vegetables grown in developing countries. However, its production is challenged by low yields caused by numerous biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Regulatory transcription factors (TFs) symbolize a key component of the genome and are the most significant targets for producing stress tolerant crop and hence functional genomic studies of these TFs are important. Therefore, here we have constructed a web-accessible TFs database for P. vulgaris, called PvTFDB, which contains 2370 putative TF gene models in 49 TF families. This database provides a comprehensive information for each of the identified TF that includes sequence data, functional annotation, SSRs with their primer sets, protein physical properties, chromosomal location, phylogeny, tissue-specific gene expression data, orthologues, cis-regulatory elements and gene ontology (GO) assignment. Altogether, this information would be used in expediting the functional genomic studies of a specific TF(s) of interest. The objectives of this database are to understand functional genomics study of common bean TFs and recognize the regulatory mechanisms underlying various stress responses to ease breeding strategy for variety production through a couple of search interfaces including gene ID, functional annotation and browsing interfaces including by family and by chromosome. This database will also serve as a promising central repository for researchers as well as breeders who are working towards crop improvement of legume crops. In addition, this database provide the user unrestricted public access and the user can download entire data present in the database freely. Database URL: http://www.multiomics. in/PvTFDB/
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THERMAL REGULATION

The thermal characteristics of animal and human tissues determine in important ways the absolute temperature of such tissues and organ systems in response to varying ambient conditions and different levels of metabolic activity. The presence of the circulatory system adds convective heat transport to the other thermal characteristics governing heat transfer such as conduction and heat capacitance. Most tissues exhibit a high degree of anisotropy in their structure and in addition may have a variable rate of heat production and blood flow. Many organs, in addition, are involved in the system that regulates the body temperature of homoiotherms, and this can result in such tissues changing important thermal characteristics in response to neural commands originating in other parts of the body. All animals, including man, live in a constantly changing thermal environment, with a widely varying internal heat production. As a result, the thermal gains and losses are constantly varying, with different factors participating at different times. Although responses to a given set of environmental conditions can be measured in a test exposure, the universe of possible conditions is so great that it is not feasible to test all such conditions. Mathematical simulation models have been constructed by a number of investigators. These models incorporate insights from anatomy, physiology, and mechanical engineering and provide a simplified system that reacts to internal and external thermal stimuli in essentially the same manner as the real system does. One of many such systems was developed at the John B. Pierce Foundation Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut. An early version was formulated for implementation on an analog computer. ' Since then, advanced versions have been described by this Laboratory" as well as by a number of authors who have adapted or expanded this later version for special applications. Gagge et al.' developed a very simplified version for assessment of complex thermal environments. Montgomery' adapted the advanced model for the simulation of heat transfer in divers wearing diving suits. Azer and Hsu6 adapted various models to the prediction of thermal sensation. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration used simulations of various physiological control systems including the thermoregulatory system quoted above.
Radiological and Functional Outcome of Displaced Colles’ Fracture Managed with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning: A Prospective Study

Background: Displaced Colles’ fractures are treated by manipulation and below elbow cast application. Malunion is a common complication, resulting in pain, mid-carpal instability, and post-traumatic arthritis. Fracture stabilization by percutaneous pinning is a simple, minimally invasive technique that helps prevent displacement of the fracture, thereby minimizing complications. This study aims to assess the amount of collapse after closed manipulation and percutaneous pinning with Kirschner wires (K-wires) and its correlation with the functional outcome of the wrist after union. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from May 2015 to May 2016 in a tertiary orthopedic center. Ninety patients (60 females, 30 males) with an average age of 54.93 years with Type II fractures underwent closed manipulation and percutaneous pinning with crossed K-wires as the primary procedure. Serial radiographs were taken to document the amount of collapse. The functional outcome was assessed using the Cooney Wrist Score. Results: At the final follow-up at six months, the collapse in the mean dorsal angle was 0.94 and mean ulnar variance was 0.51. Functionally, 48 patients (53.33%) had an excellent outcome, 36 patients (40%) had a good outcome, and six patients (6.67%) had a fair outcome. Conclusions: Displaced Colles’ fractures should be reduced and stabilized with percutaneous K-wires to achieve an excellent functional outcome.
Embodied Relationality and Caring after Death

We explore contested meanings around care and relationality through the under-explored case of caring after death, throwing the relational significance of ‘bodies’ into sharp relief. While the dominant social imaginary and forms of knowledge production in many affluent western societies take death to signify an absolute loss of the other in the demise of their physical body, important implications follow from recognising that embodied relational experience can continue after death. Drawing on a model of embodied relational care encompassing a ‘me’, a ‘you’ and an ‘us’, we argue that after death ‘me’ and ‘us’ remain (though changed) while crucial dimensions of ‘you’ persist too. In unravelling the binary divide between living and dead bodies, other related dichotomies of mind/body, self/other, internal/external, and nature/social are also called into question, extending debates concerning relationality and openness between living bodies. Through an exploration of autobiographical accounts and empirical research, we argue that embodied relationality expresses how connectedness is lived out after death in material practices and felt experiences.
Signal Processing on Graphs: Causal Modeling of Unstructured Data

Many applications collect a large number of time series, for example, the financial data of companies quoted in a stock exchange, the health care data of all patients that visit the emergency room of a hospital, or the temperature sequences continuously measured by weather stations across the US. These data are often referred to as un structured. The first task in its analytics is to derive a low dimensional representation, a graph or discrete manifold, that describes well the interrelations among the time series and their intra relations across time. This paper presents a computationally tractable algorithm for estimating this graph that structures the data. The resulting graph is directed and weighted, possibly capturing causal relations, not just reciprocal correlations as in many existing approaches in the literature. A convergence analysis is carried out. The algorithm is demonstrated on random graph datasets and real network time series datasets, and its performance is compared to that of related methods. The adjacency matrices estimated with the new method are close to the true graph in the simulated data and consistent with prior physical knowledge in the real dataset tested.
Advances in brain imaging

Foreword. Functional brain imaging in psychiatry: the next wave. Cognitive neuroscience: the new neuroscience of the mind and its implications for psychiatry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents: implications for research on emotion. Brain structure and function in late-life depression. Neuroimaging studies of major depression. Afterword. Index.
Causal Links Analysis Based Conceptual Model for Stocks

In recent years, people from academic and practice fields put more and more effort to study various stock phenomena using techniques from AI and data mining. However, the way they process data generated from phenomena has two problems, the first is that people just focus on relations among observable data, not relations among entities which are more stable than the former ones. The other problem is that people now usually store data in multi-relational tables in databases, if there are no links knowledge provided for these tables, it is hard for them to draw a compound model for their studying certain phenomenon. Thus in this paper, a conceptual model is proposed to manage the links knowledge for stock domain in a formal way. It include an ontology of classed of links and inductive rules complementing to ontology because of the representation limitation of ontology. With this conceptual model, system development and data mining for certain stock phenomena can be supported by more stable background knowledge, particular the links information among entities in stock domain.
Acute myelogenous leukemia–derived SMAD4 mutations target the protein to ubiquitin‐proteasome degradation

Disruption of transforming growth factor‐β (TGFB1/TGF‐β) signaling contributes to the formation of human hematological malignancies. Smad4, a tumor suppressor, functions as an essential intracellular signal transducer of the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that some tumor‐derived mutations of Smad4 are associated with protein instability; however, the precise mechanism by which mutated Smad4 proteins undergo rapid degradation remains to be elucidated. A missense mutation of the SMAD4 gene in the Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain (c.305C>T, Pro102Leu) and one frameshift mutation resulting in termination in the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain (c.1447_1448insAATA, Δ483–552) have been identified in acute myelogenous leukemia. It is not known whether protein instability of these SMAD4 mutants is one of the contributors to TGF‐β signaling disruption in acute myelogenous leukemia. Here we report that these two acute myelogenous leukemia–derived SMAD4 mutants are degraded rapidly when compared to their wild‐type counterpart. We have demonstrated that both mutated proteins exhibit enhanced polyubiquitination (or polyubiquitylation) and proteasomal degradation. Importantly, we found that β‐transducin‐repeat‐containing protein 1 (β‐TrCP1), an F‐box protein in the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp1‐Cullin‐F‐box protein (SCF) complex, directly interacts with and acts as a critical determinant for degradation of both mutated SMAD4 proteins. In addition, small interference RNA (siRNA)‐triggered endogenous β‐TrCP1 suppression increased the protein expression level of both overexpressed SMAD4 mutants and endogenous mutated SMAD4 protein in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. These data suggest that mutated SMAD4 proteins undergo rapid degradation in acute myelogenous leukemia cells via SCFβ‐TrCP1 E3 ligase‐mediated protein ubiquitination (or ubiquitylation) and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Hum Mutat 27(9), 897–905 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost-sensitive stacking for audio tag annotation and retrieval

Audio tags correspond to keywords that people use to describe different aspects of a music clip, such as the genre, mood, and instrumentation. Since social tags are usually assigned by people with different levels of musical knowledge, they inevitably contain noisy information. By treating the tag counts as costs, we can model the audio tagging problem as a cost-sensitive classification problem. In addition, tag correlation is another useful information for automatic audio tagging since some tags often co-occur. By considering the co-occurrences of tags, we can model the audio tagging problem as a multi-label classification problem. To exploit the tag count and correlation information jointly, we formulate the audio tagging task as a novel cost-sensitive multi-label (CSML) learning problem. The results of audio tag annotation and retrieval experiments demonstrate that the new approach outperforms our MIREX 2009 winning method.
Collaboratively Scheduling to Decrease Inter-AS Traffic in P2P Live Streaming

In the existing data fetching algorithms for P2P streaming systems, the peers usually fetch data independently, leading to huge inter-AS traffic (AS: autonomous system). This paper proposes CoFetch, a collaborative fetching algorithm for P2P live streaming systems to decrease inter-AS traffic. In CoFetch, to avoid that all peers fetch the same data from inter-AS connection, instead of aggressively fetching data depending on the peers' own desires, the peers divide requests into multiple steps. In each step, peers mainly and locally share data fetched in previous steps by other collaborating peers and request subset data from inter-AS connections. The analytical results show that, inter-AS traffic in CoFetch is independent of the number of peers in AS but the number of collaborating peers in AS. Furthermore, in each overlay, when we limit the number of collaborating peers in one AS from 5 to 20, the inter-AS traffic is about 1.7-3 times of the streaming rate, regardless of the number of peers.
Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence : an empirical science

My initial tasks in this paper are, first, to delimit the boundaries of artificial intelligence, then, to justify calling it a science: is AI science, or is it engineering, or some combination of these? After arguing that it is (at least) a science, I will consider how it is best pursued: in particular, the respective roles for experiment and theory in developing AI. I will rely more on history than on speculation, for our actual experience in advancing the field has much to tell us about how we can continue and accelerate that advance. Many of my examples will be drawn from work with which I have been associated, for I can speak with greater confidence about what motivated that work and its methods (and about its defects) than I can about the work of others. My goal, however, is not to give you a trip through history, but to make definite proposals for our future priorities, using history, where relevant, as evidence for my views. 1. Artificial intelligence as science AI deals with some of the phenomena surrounding computers, hence is a part of computer science [27]. It is also a part of psychology and cognitive science. It deals, in particular, with the phenomena that appear when computers perform tasks that, if performed by people, would be regarded as requiring intelligencethinking. Artificial intelligence began in the 1950s as an inquiry into the nature of intelligence. It used computers as a revolutionary tool to simulate, indeed exhibit, intelligence, thereby providing a means for examining it in utmost detail. “B.C.“, before computers, the only observable examples of intelligence were the minds of living organisms, especially human beings. Now the family of intelligent systems had been joined by a new genus, intelligent computer programs. * E-mail: has@a.gp. cs.cmu. edu. 0004-3702/95/$09.50
Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children

patterns using colored blocks (95th percentile). A solidly average performance was noted on a task of vocabulary knowledge that required D. W. to orally define a series of words (75th percentile). Another area of strength within the profile was evidenced on tasks that require spatial visualization. His abilities to appreciate complex visual–spatial relationships (95th percentile), to engage in rapid visual scanning and symbol recognition (84th percentile), and to perform nonverbal, visual problem solving (84th percentile) were
Truncated Kernel Projection Machine for Link Prediction

With the large amount of complex network data that is increasingly available on the Web, link prediction has become a popular data-mining research field. The focus of this paper is on a link-prediction task that can be formulated as a binary classification problem in complex networks. To solve this link-prediction problem, a sparse-classification algorithm called “Truncated Kernel Projection Machine” that is based on empirical-feature selection is proposed. The proposed algorithm is a novel way to achieve a realization of sparse empirical-feature-based learning that is different from those of the regularized kernel-projection machines. The algorithm is more appealing than those of the previous outstanding learning machines since it can be computed efficiently, and it is also implemented easily and stably during the link-prediction task. The algorithm is applied here for link-prediction tasks in different complex networks, and an investigation of several classification algorithms was performed for comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperformed the compared algorithms in several key indices with a smaller number of test errors and greater stability.
The Beach System: Building a PC from Many Tiny Computers - A First Step at Virtualization -

The emergence of tiny computers, such as smart dust, Berkeley motes and Intel motes, makes it feasible to envision the conversion of a network of tiny computers into a regular computing device (i.e., a “PC” or personal computer). While the falling cost and increasing (yet tiny) computation power of these miniature computers portend well for this vision, there are significant technical hurdles. In this paper, we take a first step at building “PCs” out of such tiny computer networks, in order to run regular PC applications. Our system, called Beach, virtualizes the memory accessed by an application at a single sensor mote (a type of tiny computer), thus enabling this memory to be distributed out over multiple such motes. By using distributed page tables and caching, we transform the puny memory at each mote (few KBs) into several KBs of memory. We present trace-driven experimental results from running regular PC applications (e.g., sorting) on top of the Beach system. Due to the exploratory nature of this research, we ignore scalability and fault-tolerance issues for now. Our work provides initial insight into the pros and cons of the vision.