Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Localization of Proteasomal Degradation of a Viral Antigen

To better understand proteasomal degradation of nuclear proteins and viral antigens we studied mutated forms of influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) that misfold and are rapidly degraded by proteasomes. In the presence of proteasome inhibitors, mutated NP (dNP) accumulates in highly insoluble ubiquitinated and nonubiquitinated species in nuclear substructures known as promyelocytic leukemia oncogenic domains (PODs) and the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Immunofluorescence revealed that dNP recruits proteasomes and a selective assortment of molecular chaperones to both locales, and that a similar (though less dramatic) effect is induced by proteasome inhibitors in the absence of dNP expression. Biochemical evidence is consistent with the idea that dNP is delivered to PODs/MTOC in the absence of proteasome inhibitors. Restoring proteasome activity while blocking protein synthesis results in disappearance of dNP from PODs and the MTOC and the generation of a major histocompatibility complex class I–bound peptide derived from dNP but not NP. These findings demonstrate that PODs and the MTOC serve as sites of proteasomal degradation of misfolded dNP and probably cellular proteins as well, and imply that antigenic peptides are generated at one or both of these sites.
Moving through deprived neighbourhoods

The paper explores representations and experiences of residential mobility into and out of deprived urban neighbourhoods. It identifies a particular representation of mobility that suggests that moving in should be avoided and moving out expected. This paper considers this view by exploring experiences of mobility in two deprived urban neighbourhoods. In considering the migration biographies of two neighbouring households, the paper reveals how such biographies provide a way of understanding migration decision-making in the context of a life-story. It also reveals ways in which mobility can impact upon how representations of place and individual identities are interpreted and presented. In conclusion, the paper cautions against the uncritical adoption of the term ‘culture of migration’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modern Death: Taboo or not Taboo?

There has been a proliferation of literature on death - in the UK mainly journalistic and very recent, in the USA mainly scholarly and covering the past thirty years. This literature has created the conventional wisdom that death is the taboo of the twentieth century. The article asks: (a) is death taboo? if so, in what sense? (b) if it is not taboo, then why the frequent announcements that it is? It is this second question that scholars have not previously attempted to incorporate into their theory. The strengths and weakness of the taboo thesis are reviewed. Six possible modifications/critiques are offered in an attempt to resolve the difficulties: (1) that there was a taboo, but it is now disintegrating; (2) that death is hidden rather than forbidden; (3) that the taboo is limited largely to the (influential) occupational groups of the media and of medicine; (4) that the loss of a coherent language for discussing death leads to conversational unease; (5) that all societies must both accept and deny death, so pundits are able to pick whatever examples fit their thesis; (6) that it is the modern individual, not modern society, that denies death.
Otalgia and Aversive Symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorders

The term Costen's syndrome has been used in the dentomedical literature to describe a constellation of craniofacial symptoms. Since some of the same complaints have been reported in patients with “generalized” psychological distress, symptoms associated with the syndrome may not be useful in differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. The present study investigated whether some somatic complaints, particularly tinnitus and dizziness, were pathognomonic in patients with chronic temporomandibular pain. Illness behavior and personality factors were studied for possible interrelationships with these symptoms. Factor analysis revealed that tinnitus and dizziness loaded on separate factors. Tinnitus loaded with nasal stuffiness, tearing, and itching of the eyelids and nose, while dizziness loaded with complaints of altered taste and smell and blurred vision. Neither was consistently related to measures of pain or to indices of illness behavior or somatic focus.
A robust GA-FSS technique for the synthesis of optimal multiband AMCs with angular stability

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) design methodology is presented for synthesizing multiband Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMCs) with angular stability. The GA is used to optimize the Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) screen geometry and other design parameters for both multiband operation and stability with respect to the angle of illumination at each operating frequency. The design example presented demonstrates the multiband angular stability for a dual-band AMC at a GPS frequency of 1.575 GHz and a cell phone frequency of 1.96 GHz.
Towards Named-Entity-based Similarity Measures: Challenges and Opportunities

In this paper, we investigate challenges related to the adaptation of similarity measures used in the field of Information Retrieval to work with semantic features, i.e. Named Entities. The challenges to consider are numerous, including the accuracy of the annotation process, the adapted similarity measures, the quality of the Linked Data referred to, and the efficient access to the Semantic Web. We discuss each challenge in detail, as well as possible ways to tackle them.
Effects of Rapid Word Recognition Training on Sentence Context Effects in Children

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the degree to which practice in isolated word recognition would affect children's speed of recognizing words presented within a sentence context. In the first experiment, it was found that both isolation and context methods of word recognition practice, relative to a control group, increased the speed with which second and third graders read words presented within a sentence context. In the second experiment, isolation practice was used to increase the speed of word recognition and the effect of this practice on developmental differences in the magnitude of sentence context effects was examined. Results indicated that word recognition practice had a marked impact on the benefit derived from reading words presented within a congruous versus a neutral sentence context and that this impact was relatively greater for younger readers. Specifically, the degree of facilitation ordinarily produced by congruous context in third graders was significantly reduced for those words on which practice had been given. In contrast, the effect of practice on the degree of contextual facilitation observed in sixth graders was much smaller. The results suggest that increased speed of word recognition per se interacts in a compensatory fashion with reliance upon context as an aid to facilitate word recognition.
Central respiratory chemoreception

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by hypercapnia or metabolic acidosis. CO2 most likely works by lowering pH. The pertinent proton receptors have not been identified and may be ion channels. CRCs are probably neurons but may also include acid‐sensitive glia and vascular cells that communicate with neurons via paracrine mechanisms. Retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons are the most completely characterized CRCs. Their high sensitivity to CO2 in vivo presumably relies on their intrinsic acid sensitivity, excitatory inputs from the carotid bodies and brain regions such as raphe and hypothalamus, and facilitating influences from neighboring astrocytes. RTN neurons are necessary for the respiratory network to respond to CO2 during the perinatal period and under anesthesia. In conscious adults, RTN neurons contribute to an unknown degree to the pH‐dependent regulation of breathing rate, inspiratory, and expiratory activity. The abnormal prenatal development of RTN neurons probably contributes to the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Other CRCs presumably exist, but the supportive evidence is less complete. The proposed locations of these CRCs are the medullary raphe, the nucleus tractus solitarius, the ventrolateral medulla, the fastigial nucleus, and the hypothalamus. Several wake‐promoting systems (serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons, orexinergic neurons) are also putative CRCs. Their contribution to central respiratory chemoreception may be behavior dependent or vary according to the state of vigilance. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3883–3906, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examining Factors Influencing IT Outsourcing Success in Malaysian Organizations

In recent years, information technology (IT) outsourcing continues to receive favourable acceptance to maximize organizationâ€™s benefits. There is strong concern on the level of success of IT outsourcing endeavours and past researches indicated inconclusive findings on the influencing factors. This research investigates the relationships between partnership quality, service quality and IT outsourcing arrangements and IT outsourcing success. It was tested using a sample from IT managers in 143 Malaysian organizations. The findings of the survey provide evidence that partnership quality and service quality are important predictors for IT outsourcing success, while IT outsourcing arrangement, particularly the degree of integration and the length of the contract, are found to have insignificant influence on IT outsourcing success.
Isolation, characterization and cross‐species testing of microsatellites obtained from a sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) genomic library

This study reports the isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellites from a sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) genomic library. Enrichment was performed with di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide motifs following the FIASCO procedure (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats). All loci were found to be in linkage and in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. This represents the first microsatellite isolation for the family Atherinidae and the isolated loci were accordingly tested on four additional species of the family: two recognized (A. presbyter and A. hepsetus) and two proposed (‘punctata’ and ‘non‐punctata’ forms). Moreover their cross‐species suitability on Menidia menidia, belonging to the same order but to the family Atherinopsidae, was also tested.
Narrating the Road

Abstract This article proposes that the term ‘road’ provides a concept of theoretical value for anthropological discussions of mobility. Based on ethnographic research in two neighbouring settlements in Siberia, I discuss the range of stories indigenous residents offered during our discussions of roads. Their definitions of roads contrast with those used more globally. A hodological approach to the concept of road demonstrates connections among ideas of kinship, movement, nomadism, metaphor and knowledge. Accounts from the social lives of travellers enlarge the possibilities of understanding the relationship between roads and narrative.
Target accessibility and signal specificity in live-cell detection of BMP-4 mRNA using molecular beacons

The ability to visualize mRNA in single living cells and monitor in real-time the changes of mRNA level and localization can provide unprecedented opportunities for biological and disease studies. However, the mRNA detection specificity and sensitivity are critically dependent on the selection of target sequences and their accessibility. We carried out an extensive study of the target accessibility of BMP-4 mRNA using 10 different designs of molecular beacons (MBs), and identified the optimal beacon design. Specifically, for MB design 1 and 8 (MB1 and MB8), the fluorescent intensities from BMP-4 mRNA correlated well with the GFP signal after upregulating BMP-4 and co-expressing GFP using adenovirus, and the knockdown of BMP-4 mRNA using siRNA significantly reduced the beacon signals, demonstrating detection specificity. The beacon specificity was further confirmed using blocking RNA and in situ hybridization. We found that fluorescence signal from MBs depends critically on target sequences; the target sequences corresponding to siRNA sites may not be good sites for beacon-based mRNA detection, and vice versa. Possible beacon design rules are identified and approaches for enhancing target accessibility are discussed. This has significant implications to MB design for live cell mRNA detection.
The validity of self-reported energy intake as determined using the doubly labelled water technique

In the 1980s the development of the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique made it possible to determine the validity of dietary assessment methods using external, independent markers of intake in free-living populations. Since then, the accuracy of self-reported energy intake (EI) has been questioned on a number of occasions as under-reporting has been found to be prevalent in many different populations. This paper is a review of investigations using the DLW technique in conjunction with self-reported EI measures in groups including adults, children and adolescents, obese persons, athletes, military personnel and trekking explorers. In studies where a person other than the subject is responsible for recording dietary intake, such as parents of young children, EI generally corresponds to DLW determined energy expenditure. However, in instances where the subjects themselves report their intake, EI is generally under-reported when compared with energy expenditure. It was originally believed that this phenomenon of under-reporting was linked to increased adiposity and body size, however, it is now apparent that other factors, such as dietary restraint and socio-economic status, are also involved. This paper therefore aims to present a more comprehensive picture of under-reporting by tying in the findings of many DLW studies with other studies focusing particularly on the characteristics and mechanisms for under-reporting. Awareness of these characteristics and mechanisms will enable researchers to obtain more accurate self-reports of EI using all dietary recording techniques.
Examples of 3D grasp quality computations

Previous grasp quality research is mainly theoretical, and has assumed that contact types and positions are given, in order to preserve the generality of the proposed quality measures. The example results provided by these works either ignore hand geometry and kinematics entirely or involve only the simplest of grippers. We present a unique grasp analysis system that, when given a 3D object, hand, and pose for the hand, can accurately determine the types of contacts that will occur between the links of the hand and the object, and compute two measures of quality for the grasp. Using models of two articulated robotic hands, we analyze several grasps of a polyhedral model of a telephone handset, and we use a novel technique to visualize the 6D space used in these computations. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of using this system for synthesizing high quality grasps by performing a search over a subset of possible hand configurations.
Jenny Saville and a Feminist Aesthetics of Disgust

This essay examines an aesthetics of disgust through an analysis of the work of Scottish painter Jenny Saville. Saville's paintings suggest that there is something valuable in retaining and interrogating our immediate and seemingly unambivalent reactions of disgust. I contrast Saville's representations of disgust to the repudiation of disgust that characterizes contemporary corporeal politics. Drawing on the theoretical work of Elspeth Probyn and Julia Kristeva, I suggest that an aesthetics of disgust reveals the fundamental ambiguity of embodiment, allowing us to critically attend to the aesthetic and cultural objectification of the female body.
KBQA: An Online Template Based Question Answering System over Freebase

Question answering (QA) has become a popular way for humans to access billion-scale knowledge bases. QA systems over knowledge bases produce accurate and concise answers. The key of QA over knowledge bases is to map the question to a certain substructure in the knowledge base. To do this, KBQA (Question Answering over Knowledge Bases) uses a new kind of question representation: templates, learned from a million scale QA corpora. For example, for questions about a city's population, KBQA learns templates such as What's the population of $city? , How many people are there in $city? It learns overall 1171303 templates for 4690 relations. Based on these templates, KBQA effectively and efficiently supports binary factoid questions or complex questions.
Highly Cited Soviet Papers: An Exploratory Investigation

The bibliometric methodology of citation tabulation is applied to the problem of identifying highly cited Soviet scientific areas. A general lack of highly cited Soviet papers is apparent. A further indication of the isolation of Soviet science is the existence of two discrete sets of highly cited Soviet papers, one set published in Soviet journals and cited by Soviet scientists, and a second set published in international journals and cited by non-Soviet scientists. The lists of highly cited papers were reviewed by experts in the field. The consensus was that these lists were indicative of areas of strong Soviet research and that lists of institutions producing these papers included the important Soviet labs.
Synchronization of Lurie systems with quantized and triggered control under limited transmission capacity

In this paper, quantized and triggered control is utilized to sample output error signal for output feedback synchronization of two Lurie systems (formed by linear part and nonlinear one constructed only by the measurable output) under limited transmission capacity. With the characteristics of output error, we come up with practical quantized and triggered strategy to sample the output error instead of the traditional equal time sampling. Different from the existing trigger method, the proposed method fully utilizes the structure of quantizer and it combines quantization error and sampling error as a whole. It is thoroughly discussed that the potential Zeno behavior would not occur under the proposed method. In addition, transmission bit rate is also calculated and it can be maintained within an acceptable range. It is demonstrated by two chaotic Chua systems in the simulation that our method can not only meet required performance, but also save transmission resources.
Prognostic factors of liver injury in polytraumatic patients. Results from 895 severe abdominal trauma cases.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prognosis of multiple injured patients is mainly limited by severe haemorrhage. Although mechanisms of altered immune response have been intensively investigated, little is known about the relevance of liver trauma as an independent predictive outcome factor in these patients. METHODS 10,469 patients from the DGU Trauma Registry (1993-2005) were retrospectively analyzed. Primary admitted patients with an injury severity score > or = 16, without isolated head injury were included. Patients were analyzed according to the injury pattern as liver injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale--AIS abdomen < 3 and AIS liver 2-5; n = 321), non-liver abdominal trauma (AIS abdomen 2-5 or AIS liver < 3; n = 574) and control group without abdominal injuries (AIS abdomen or liver < 3; n = 9,574). RESULTS Severe liver injury was associated with excessive demands for volume resuscitation and induced a significantly increased risk for sepsis and multi-organ failure (MOF) compared to both other groups (sepsis 19.9% vs. 11.0%; MOF 32.7% vs. 16.6%). Furthermore, deleterious outcome was more frequently associated with severe liver trauma (mortality 34.9%) compared to severe abdominal trauma (12.0%). CONCLUSION Severe liver trauma is an independent predictor for severe haemorrhage with a substantially increased risk of sepsis, MOF and trauma-related death. While conservative treatment of patients with liver trauma but no haemorrhage is effective, patients with hemodynamic instability seem to be from a subgroup where contemporary treatment modalities are not yet sufficient.
Warm molecular layers in protoplanetary disks

We have investigated molecular distributions in protoplanetary disks, adopting a disk model with a temperature gradient in the vertical direction. The model produces suciently high abundances of gaseous CO and HCO + to account for line observations of T Tauri stars using a sticking probability of unity and without assuming any non-thermal desorption. In regions of radius R > 10 AU, with which we are concerned, the temperature increases with increasing height from the midplane. In a warm intermediate layer, there are signicant amounts of gaseous molecules owing to thermal desorption and ecient shielding of ultraviolet radiation by the flared disk. The column densities of HCN, CN, CS, H2CO, HNC and HCO + obtained from our model are in good agreement with the observations of DM Tau, but are smaller than those of LkCa15. Molecular line proles from our disk models are calculated using a 2-dimensional non-local-thermal-equilibrium (NLTE) molecular-line radiative transfer code for a direct comparison with observations. Deuterated species are included in our chemical model. The molecular D/H ratios in the model are in reasonable agreement with those observed in protoplanetary disks.
The Drosophila Meiotic Mutant mei-352 Is an Allele of klp3A and Reveals a Role for a Kinesin-like Protein in Crossover Distribution

The semisterile meiotic mutant mei-352 alters the distribution of meiotic exchanges without greatly affecting their total frequency. We show that the mei-352 mutation is an allele of the klp3A gene, which encodes a kinesin-like protein of the Kinesin-4 family. The semisterility observed in mei-352 females results from a known defect of klp3A oocytes in mediating pronuclear fusion. Interestingly, other klp3A alleles also exhibit defects in meiotic recombination similar to those of mei-352. Finally, we show that the Klp3A protein localizes within the oocyte nucleus during meiotic prophase, the time at which exchange distribution is established, and extensively colocalizes with DNA. The parallel of the klp3A phenotype with a meiotic defect observed for kar3 mutants in yeast suggests a role for kinesins in early meiosis and might reflect a previously suggested role for this class of kinesins in chromosome condensation.