Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Interplay of Trait Worry and Trait Anxiety in Determining Episodic Retrieval: The Role of Cognitive Control

Worrying is a key concept in describing the complex relationship between anxiety and cognitive control. On the one hand, cognitive control processes might underlie the specific tendency to engage in worrying (i.e., trait worry), conceptualized as a future-oriented mental problem-solving activity. On the other hand, the general tendency to experience the signs and symptoms of anxiety (i.e., trait anxiety) is suggested to impair cognitive control because worrisome thoughts interfere with task-relevant processing. Based on these opposing tendencies, we predicted that the effect of the two related constructs, trait anxiety and trait worry, might cancel out one another. In statistics, such instances have been termed suppressor situations. In four experiments, we found evidence for such a suppressor situation: When their shared variance was controlled, trait worry was positively whereas trait anxiety was negatively related to performance in a memory task requiring strategic, effortful retrieval. We also showed that these opposing effects are related to temporal context reinstatement. Our results suggest that trait worry and trait anxiety possess unique sources of variance, which differently relate to performance in memory tasks requiring cognitive control.
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species: are study biases limiting our understanding of impacts?

Invasions by non-native species are a threat to biodiversity because invaders can impact native populations, communities and entire ecosystems. To manage this threat, it is necessary to have a strong mechanistic understanding of how non-native species affect local species and communities. We reviewed 259 published papers (1972–2012) that described field experiments quantifying the impact of aquatic nonnative species, to examine whether various types of study biases are limiting this understanding. Our review revealed that invasion impacts had been experimentally quantified for 101 aquatic non-native species, in all major freshwater and marine habitats, on all continents except Antarctica and for most higher taxonomic groupings. Over one-quarter (26%) of studies included tests for impacts on local biodiversity. However, despite this extensive research effort, certain taxa, habitats and regions remain poorly studied. For example, of the over one hundred species examined in previous studies, only one was a marine fish and only six were herbivores. Furthermore, over half (53%) of the studies were from the USA and two-thirds (66%) were from experiments conducted in temperate latitudes. By contrast, only 3% of studies were from Africa and <2% from high latitudes. We also found that one-fifth (20%) of studies were conducted in estuaries, but only 1% from coral reefs. Finally, we note that the standard procedure of pooling or not reporting non-significant treatments and responses is likely to limit future synthetic advancement by biasing meta-analysis and severely limiting our ability to identify non-native species with none or negli
Unbiased coherent-to-diffuse ratio estimation for dereverberation

We investigate the estimation of the time- and frequency-dependent coherent-to-diffuse ratio (CDR) from the measured spatial coherence between two omnidirectional microphones. We illustrate the relationship between several known CDR estimators using a geometric interpretation in the complex plane, discuss the problem of estimator bias, and propose unbiased versions of the estimators. Furthermore, we show that knowledge of either the direction of arrival (DOA) of the target source or the coherence of the noise field is sufficient for an unbiased CDR estimation. Finally, we apply the CDR estimators to the problem of dereverberation, using automatic speech recognition word error rate as objective performance measure.
Cathodoluminescence of SiO2/Si System

In this paper the new method for determination of luminescent centers concentration are discussed. While the possibility of electron traps determination and definition of its activation energy are suggested. The cathodoluminescent (CL) method was used. The determination of luminescent centers concentration in silicon oxide is based on the measurements of dependences of CL intensity on electron beam current. The presence and energy of activation of electron traps were studied by measurement of rise time and decay of luminescent band during the stationary irradiation of silica by electron beam.
Effect of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour × Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) Fruit Waste Silage on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility and Performance of Goat Bucks

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feeding Kinnow mandarin fruit waste (KMW) silage viś-a- viśoat silage on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, utilization and general performance of adult male goats. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted into two equal groups namely oat silage (OS) and Kinnow silage (KS) group. Animals were offered weighed quantities of respective silage (Oat silage to OS and KMW silage to KS) on ad lib. Silage intake (g/d), DM intake (DMI), digestible DMI, digestible organic matter (OMI) and digestible CP intake was comparable (P>0.05) among the two dietary groups. The per cent digestibility of all the analysed nutrients was analogous (P>0.05) in both the groups irrespective of the diet. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake (g/d) of goats kept on KMW silage was significantly (P 0.05) difference between dietary groups. There was no significant difference in analysed blood bio-chemicals and serum enzymes level between different periods and groups, suggesting general well-being of goats. On the basis of results of present study, it can be concluded adult male goats can be maintained on the silage of Kinnow waste without affecting nutrient intake, utilization and general performance of animals.
The Relationship between Species Diversity and Genetic Structure in the Rare Picea chihuahuana Tree Species Community, Mexico

Species diversity and genetic diversity, the most basic elements of biodiversity, have long been treated as separate topics, although populations evolve within a community context. Recent studies on community genetics and ecology have suggested that genetic diversity is not completely independent of species diversity. The Mexican Picea chihuahuana Martínez is an endemic species listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Forty populations of Chihuahua spruce have been identified. This species is often associated with tree species of eight genera in gallery forests. This rare Picea chihuahuana tree community covers an area no more than 300 ha and has been subject of several studies involving different topics such as ecology, genetic structure and climate change. The overall aim of these studies was to obtain a dataset for developing management tools to help decision makers implement preservation and conservation strategies. However, this unique forest tree community may also represent an excellent subject for helping us to understand the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes in determining community structure and dynamics. The AFLP technique and species composition data were used together to test the hypothesis that species diversity is related to the adaptive genetic structure of some dominant tree species (Picea chihuahuana, Pinus strobiformis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus tremuloides) of the Picea chihuahuana tree community at fourteen locations. The Hill numbers were used as a diversity measure. The results revealed a significant correlation between tree species diversity and genetic structure in Populus tremuloides. Because the relationship between the two levels of diversity was found to be positive for the putative adaptive AFLP detected, genetic and species structures of the tree community were possibly simultaneously adapted to a combination of ecological or environmental factors. The present findings indicate that interactions between genetic variants and species diversity may be crucial in shaping tree communities.
Three-Dimensional Computer Model of the Right Atrium Including the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes Predicts Classical Nodal Behaviours

The aim of the study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) anatomically-detailed model of the rabbit right atrium containing the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes to study the electrophysiology of the nodes. A model was generated based on 3D images of a rabbit heart (atria and part of ventricles), obtained using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Segmentation was carried out semi-manually. A 3D right atrium array model (∼3.16 million elements), including eighteen objects, was constructed. For description of cellular electrophysiology, the Rogers-modified FitzHugh-Nagumo model was further modified to allow control of the major characteristics of the action potential with relatively low computational resource requirements. Model parameters were chosen to simulate the action potentials in the sinoatrial node, atrial muscle, inferior nodal extension and penetrating bundle. The block zone was simulated as passive tissue. The sinoatrial node, crista terminalis, main branch and roof bundle were considered as anisotropic. We have simulated normal and abnormal electrophysiology of the two nodes. In accordance with experimental findings: (i) during sinus rhythm, conduction occurs down the interatrial septum and into the atrioventricular node via the fast pathway (conduction down the crista terminalis and into the atrioventricular node via the slow pathway is slower); (ii) during atrial fibrillation, the sinoatrial node is protected from overdrive by its long refractory period; and (iii) during atrial fibrillation, the atrioventricular node reduces the frequency of action potentials reaching the ventricles. The model is able to simulate ventricular echo beats. In summary, a 3D anatomical model of the right atrium containing the cardiac conduction system is able to simulate a wide range of classical nodal behaviours.
Tissue-material interactions : bioadhesion and tissue response

Diverse interactions between soft tissues and implanted biomaterials directly influence the success or failure of therapeutic interventions. The nature and extent of these interactions strongly depend on both the tissue and material in question and can presumably be characterized for any given clinical application. Nevertheless, optimizing biomaterial performance remains a challenge in many implant scenarios due to complex relationships between intrinsic material properties and tissue response. Soft tissue sealants are clinically-relevant biomaterials which impart therapeutic benefit through adhesion to tissue, thus exhibiting a direct functional dependence on tissue-material reactivity. Because adhesion can be rigorously quantified and correlated to the local tissue response, sealants provide an informative platform for studying material properties, soft tissues, and their interplay. We developed a model hydrogel sealant composed of aminated polyethylene glycol and dextran aldehyde (PEG:dextran) that can possess a wide range of bulk and adhesive properties by virtue of constituent polymer modifications. Through comparison to traditional sealants, we established that highly viscoelastic adhesion promotes tissue-sealant interfacial failure resistance without compromising underlying tissue morphology. We analyzed multiple soft tissues to substantiate the notion that natural biochemical variability facilitates the design of tissue-specific sealants which have distinct advantages over more general alternatives. We confirmed that hydrogel-based materials are an attractive material class for ensuring sealant biocompatibility, but found that a marked reduction in adhesive strength following characteristic swell can potentially limit clinical efficacy. To mitigate the swell-induced loss of hydrogel-based sealant functionality, a biomimetic conjugation strategy derived from marine mussel adhesion was applied to PEG:dextran and shown to favorably modulate adhesion. In all phases of this research, we defined material design principles that extend beyond the immediate development of PEG:dextran with potential to enhance the clinical performance of a range of biomaterials.
Dynamic stability of modified strain gradient theory sinusoidal viscoelastic piezoelectric polymeric functionally graded single-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced nanocomposite plate considering surface stress and agglomeration effects under hydro-thermo-electro-magneto-mechanical loadings

ABSTRACT In this article, dynamic stability analysis of the viscoelastic piezoelectric polymeric nanocomposite plate reinforced by functionally graded single-walled carbon nanotubes (FG-SWCNTs) based on modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) is explored. The viscoelastic piezoelectric polymeric nanocomposite plate reinforced is subjected to hydrothermal and electro-magneto-mechanical loadings. The viscoelastic piezoelectric polymeric nanocomposite plate is rested on viscoelastic foundation. Uniform distribution (UD), various functionally graded (FG) distribution types such as FG-V, FG-X, and FG-O are considered for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The extended mixture approach is applied to estimation of the elastic properties. The equations of motion are derived by Hamilton's principle. The resonance frequency or the parametric resonance is obtained then dynamic stability region is specified. There is a good agreement between the present work and the literature result. Various parametric investigations are performed for the influences of the small scale parameters, direct and alternating applied voltage, magnetic field, viscoelastic foundation coefficients, and aspect ratios on the dynamic stability region of the viscoelastic piezoelectric polymeric nanocomposite plate. The results indicated that SWCNT agglomeration and surface stress have significant effects on the dynamic stability region and the parametric resonance. Dynamic stability region increases with increasing of thickness to width ratio, magnetic field, applied voltage, static load factor, viscoelastic foundation parameters, and surface density constant, and decreasing of length to width ratio and residual surface stress constant. Also, the dynamic stability region shifts to lower parameter resonance with increasing of temperature and moisture changes. The results can be employed for design of micro-electro-mechanical systems and nano-electro-mechanical systems.
On diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V

Using a specially constructed apparatus diffusion bonding of alloy Ti-6Al-4V was studied in the temperature range 1173 to 1223 K and compressive stress range 12 to 25 MPa to determine the relative importance of the process parameters, the mechanism(s) responsible for bonding and the joint characteristics. Bond quality was assessed by optical metallography and lap shear testing. Sound bonds with no porosity at the interface were produced. The experimental results were compared with a model developed by Pilling (Pilling J, Mater Sci Eng 100 (1988) 137) in which the void closure by superplastic flow, creep flow and diffusion are considered. EPMA line scan analysis was carried out to confirm the bonding mechanism.
Performance attainment and intrinsic motivation: An achievement goal approach

Dit proefschrift richt zich op prestatiedoelen. Prestatiedoelen zijn mentale representaties van de gewenste bekwaamheid op de korte of lange termijn in prestatie-relevante situaties. In dit proefschrift hebben we ten eerste door middel van drie meta-analyses systematisch de relaties onderzocht tussen prestatiedoelen enerzijds, en taakprestaties en intrinsieke motivatie anderzijds. Ten tweede, in twee experimenten, hebben wij relevante, maar grotendeels onderbelichte onderwerpen in de prestatiemotivatie literatuur (i.e., de combinatie van prestatiedoelen en target doelen, en de rol van prestatiedoelen als moderatoren) onderzocht. Uit de resultaten van de drie meta-analyses blijkt dat prestatiedoelen over het algemeen zijn gecorreleerd met taakprestaties en intrinsieke motivatie. Daarbij is het belangrijk om rekening te houden met de aanwezigheid van specifieke moderatoren (i.e., prestatiedomein, type schaal, het verwachten van feedback, tijdsdruk). Uit de resultaten van de twee experimenten blijkt dat prestatiedoelen kunnen worden gecombineerd met specifieke target doelen. Afhankelijk van mens prestatieverwachtingen kunnen deze target prestatiedoelen taakprestatie beinvloeden. Ook kunnen bepaalde target prestatiedoelen het positieve verband tussen interesse en prestatie ondermijnen.
Thermodynamics of epitaxial ferroelectric films

The problem of phase transitions and physical properties of the BaTiO{sub 3}-type films on the (001) single-crystal substrates of the cubic syngony was solved in the limits of the Landau-Devonshire thermodynamics. The thermoelastic film-substrate interaction caused by the difference between thermal expansion coefficients was strictly taken into consideration. The model was based on the following assumptions: (1) the film is closely conjugated with the substrate; (2) the film is sufficiently thick to find itself unstrained at the growth temperature T{sub s} (growth stresses were compensated by misfit dislocations), and (3) the film is sufficiently thin, and the stresses arising at the temperatures T > T{sub s} may be considered to be uniform.
Structure design and motion analysis of waist of humanoid robot for jumping and crawling

It is a new research hotspot to improve the jumping and crawling ability of humanoid robot. A novel anti-impact and lightweight humanoid waist joint structure is presented. The degree of freedom of roll and pitch is provided by sphere-pin pair, and driven by two lead screws in the back. When the robot is in the upright state, the rotation axis of DoF of roll is not in the horizontal direction. It is vertical to the rotation axis of DoF of pitch, but not vertical to that of yaw. A kinematic model and corresponding rotation matrix calculation method is proposed for this structure. The motion space and attitude changes are numerically analyzed. The lengths of the screw rod with different attitudes are calculated by inverse kinematics calculation using the rotation matrix. The numerical results show that the structure can adapt to the requirements of the robot jumping and crawling on the motion space and attitude, and all the poses can be smoothly controlled.
Brazing Vacuum Ceramic Tubes - A Diffusion Profile in the Joint

The Sirius Project is an initiative of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS (CNPEM - MCTI), for the design, construction and operation of a new synchrotron radiation source 3rd generation, with high brightness and energy of the electrons of 3.0 GeV. Among many other components there will be built 80 ceramic cameras embedded in special magnets, whose function is to act to correct the orbit of the electron beam in the storage ring. The ceramic chamber is crucial for this application because this material is transparent to the magnetic field generated in the electro magnet and thus acts directly on the electron beam. The difficulty of these constructive components lies in the fact that, the ceramic components must be attached to metal components will join vacuum chambers that make up the ring, and then must present excellent mechanical and vacuum tight. The process of chemical bonding between the ceramic and metal components is performed by brazing in high vacuum. After brazing, a film is deposited of copper with 7 micrometers thickness. The objective of this paper is to describe the process of film deposition and brazing of copper and the excellent results obtained in the production, mechanical characterization, microstructural and tightness.
Crossover Effects of Estrogen Receptor Status on Breast Cancer-Specific Hazard Rates by Age and Race

Background Previous studies found that the risk of breast cancer–related death is greater in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative disease than in ER-positive disease within 5 years of diagnosis, but greater for ER-positive disease than for ER-negative disease more than 5 years after diagnosis. This phenomenon is referred to as ER-positive and -negative crossover. Our aim was to evaluate this crossover by determining the timing of the hazard of breast cancer death by patient, clinical, and tumor factors. Methods Patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2005 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The cohort was evaluated by age at diagnosis, race, tumor ER status, tumor and nodal stage, and tumor grade. Disease-specific (DS) hazard rates were calculated. Results Of the 439,444 patients identified, 77.5% had ER-positive disease. Overall, ER-negative to ER-positive DS hazard rates crossed between the years 7 and 8 after diagnosis. Earlier crossover was linked to black or Hispanic race, young age (<40 years), or tumors that were larger, higher grade, or affected the nodes. Young black (<40 years) patients who had a T3/T4 tumor with positive nodes, grade III or undifferentiated, had the earliest crossover, in year 4. Conclusions The timing of crossover of death hazard for ER-positive and ER-negative disease varies by clinical and tumor factors. These findings may help guide recommendations regarding the duration of endocrine therapy for patients with ER-positive cancer.
PTRN‐1/CAMSAP promotes CYK‐1/formin‐dependent actin polymerization during endocytic recycling

Cargo sorting and membrane carrier initiation in recycling endosomes require appropriately coordinated actin dynamics. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of actin organization during recycling transport remains elusive. Here we report that the loss of PTRN‐1/CAMSAP stalled actin exchange and diminished the cytosolic actin structures. Furthermore, we found that PTRN‐1 is required for the recycling of clathrin‐independent cargo hTAC‐GFP. The N‐terminal calponin homology (CH) domain and central coiled‐coils (CC) region of PTRN‐1 can synergistically sustain the flow of hTAC‐GFP. We identified CYK‐1/formin as a binding partner of PTRN‐1. The N‐terminal GTPase‐binding domain (GBD) of CYK‐1 serves as the binding interface for the PTRN‐1 CH domain. The presence of the PTRN‐1 CH domain promoted CYK‐1‐mediated actin polymerization, which suggests that the PTRN‐1‐CH:CYK‐1‐GBD interaction efficiently relieves autoinhibitory interactions within CYK‐1. As expected, the overexpression of the CYK‐1 formin homology domain 2 (FH2) substantially restored actin structures and partially suppressed the hTAC‐GFP overaccumulation phenotype in ptrn‐1 mutants. We conclude that the PTRN‐1 CH domain is required to stimulate CYK‐1 to facilitate actin dynamics during endocytic recycling.