Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Troponin T in patients with low grade or atypical angina. Identification of a high risk group for short- and long-term cardiovascular events.

AIMS Cardiac troponin T is an established marker of cardiovascular risk in patients with severe angina pectoris. Data are scarce on patients admitted to a coronary care unit with low grade or atypical angina pectoris to rule out myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 106 patients (57.4 SD 11.6 years) with low grade (Braunwald class I) or atypical symptoms out of 702 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Serum concentrations of troponin T were measured at admission and 4 h later. In hospital cardiovascular events including acute myocardial infarction, life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and death were recorded. Patients were additionally observed after 3 and 6 months post-discharge regarding acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, rehospitalization for cardiac causes and death. The patients were divided into a troponin T positive (> or =0.2 microg x 1(-1) at admission or 4 h later; n=11) and a troponin T negative group. The mean value of troponin T 4 h after admission in the positive group was 0.58 microg x 1(-1). Of the troponin T positive patients, 0.82 (0.95 CI: 0.48-0.98) had a cardiovascular event during their stay in hospital vs 0.41 (0.95 CI: 0.31-0.52) of troponin T negative patients (P<0.05). In the troponin T positive group 0.64 (0.95 CI: 0.31-0.89) developed myocardial infarction in hospital vs 0.07 (0.95 CI: 0.03-0.15) in the troponin T negative group (P<0.001). Troponin T predicts outcome after 3 and 6 months significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Troponin T identifies patients with low grade or atypical angina at risk of severe short- and long-term cardiovascular events. Therefore, troponin T adds substantial information in patients with ruled out acute myocardial infarction. Troponin T positive patients have to be observed carefully regardless of their symptom intensity and may have to receive early cardiac catheterization; troponin T negative patients could be released safely from the coronary care unit early.
The UMUS System for Named Entity Generation at GREC 2010

We present the UMUS (Universite du Maine/Universitat Stuttgart) submission for the NEG task at GREC'10. We refined and tuned our 2009 system but we still rely on predicting generic labels and then choosing from the list of expressions that match those labels. We handled recursive expressions with care by generating specific labels for all the possible embeddings. The resulting system performs at a type accuracy of 0.84 an a string accuracy of 0.81 on the development set.
Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Cold-Water Immersion Versus Whole-Body Cryotherapy.

PURPOSE To compare the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on recovery kinetics after exercise-induced muscle damage. METHODS Ten physically active men performed single-leg hamstring eccentric exercise comprising 5 sets of 15 repetitions. Immediately postexercise, subjects were exposed in a randomized crossover design to CWI (10 min at 10°C) or WBC (3 min at -110°C) recovery. Creatine kinase concentrations, knee-flexor eccentric (60°/s) and posterior lower-limb isometric (60°) strength, single-leg and 2-leg countermovement jumps, muscle soreness, and perception of recovery were measured. The tests were performed before and immediately, 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. RESULTS Results showed a very likely moderate effect in favor of CWI for single-leg (effect size [ES] = 0.63; 90% confidence interval [CI] = -0.13 to 1.38) and 2-leg countermovement jump (ES = 0.68; 90% CI = -0.08 to 1.43) 72 h after exercise. Soreness was moderately lower 48 h after exercise after CWI (ES = -0.68; 90% CI = -1.44 to 0.07). Perception of recovery was moderately enhanced 24 h after exercise for CWI (ES = -0.62; 90% CI = -1.38 to 0.13). Trivial and small effects of condition were found for the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS CWI was more effective than WBC in accelerating recovery kinetics for countermovement-jump performance at 72 h postexercise. CWI also demonstrated lower soreness and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48 h postexercise.
The Computational Complexity Column

This is a survey about the title question, written for people who (like the author) see logic as forbidding, esoteric, and remote from their usual concerns. Beginning with a crash course on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, it discusses oracle independence; natural proofs; independence results of Razborov, Raz, DeMillo-Lipton, Sazanov, and others; and obstacles to proving P vs. NP independent of strong logical theories. It ends with some philosophical musings on when one should expect a mathematical question to have a definite answer.
Confabulation: Knowledge and recollective experience

Abstract In this study we report an amnesic patient who exhibited confabulatory behaviour. Neuropsychological examination showed a normal global intellectual efficiency (I.Q. = 100) and a global memory performance that fell at the lower limits of the normal (M.Q. = 87). A battery was constructed and employed in order to evaluate both the patient's performance on episodic memory and other kinds of retrograde memory tasks and to detect confabulatory responses. It was found that confabulations were restricted to episodic memory (which was severely affected) and to orientation in time and place, and tended to be persistent and consistent throughout different testing sessions. By contrast, semantic memory was normal. Confabulations were accompanied by the subjective experience of remembering. Confabulatory behaviour is discussed in terms of a possible disruption of mechanisms that normally monitor the interaction between semantic knowledge and conscious awareness of remembering.
Signal interpolation using numerically robust differential operators

In our work on frequency estimation based on local signal behavior [15] for testing purposes we needed a signal φ(t) which over some disjoint intervals of (continuous) time In is equal to a corresponding linear combination fn(t) of up to N sine waves, possibly damped and phase shifted, of (normalized) frequencies smaller than π. The signal should also satisfy the following constraints: φ(t) should contain a minimal amount of out-of-band energy, i.e., the energy of its Fourier transform φ(ω) outside interval [-p φ(t) should fit within an as narrow envelope as possible; φ(t) should also have a finite support in the time domain, which is as short as possible. Clearly, these are mutually conflicting requirements and we want to look for a compromise solution which is nevertheless good in all of these respects. A computationally efficient method for producing such a signal can be useful for designing novel digital modulation schemas which satisfy stringent conditions on out of band leakage and envelope properties of the generated signal. The method we propose in this paper employs some special, numerically robust linear differential operators, called the chromatic derivatives, which were introduced relatively recently, and which we believe hold yet unexplored promise in signal and image processing.
A study of mental derangement in Africans, and an attempt to explain its peculiarities, more especially in relation to the African attitude of life.

The scope of the present article is to describe the nature and extent of mental derangement as it occurs in African natives of Kenya; to compare the picture with the very different one which occurs in North American negroes and in Europeans; to explain the differences observed by reference to environmental factors; and to discuss the significance of our findings in regard to the eatiology of mental derangement in general. The clinical material consist of 609 patients admitted to Mathari Mental Hospital during the 5-year period I January, 1939, to 31 December, 1943. The article falls into eight parts:
Film Noir: The Politics of the Maladjusted Text

How are we to situate a movie in history? By now there must be few practitioners of American Studies who would not acknowledge that the products of Hollywood provide a rich seam waiting to be mined by social and cultural historians. As in most mining projects, the difficulty lies in developing the equipment needed to extract the ore. To treat film as a source of cultural history is by no means as simple as that old-fashioned literary approach by which an author's biography could be interwoven with a summary political or social history. The cinema has no author whose individuality can be used to gloss over the absence of method in such a procedure. Or rather, any movie has such a plethora of authors that the attempt to establish evidence of authorial intent is bound to fail, as auteurist criticism has repeatedly demonstrated. The “authors” of an entertainment commodity are not simply its director, writer, producer and studio head of production. They include front office personnel, New York executives and the advertising staff, distributors and theatre managers who “author” the product at the point of its sale to the public. In any case, the historian concerned with popular rather than elite culture is at least as interested in reception as in production, and his or her sphere of interest must extend beyond the limits of the text and its intended meaning to a concern with context and with how the movie was received and understood by its primary audience.
Better algorithms for high-dimensional proximity problems via asymmetric embeddings

In this paper we give several results based on randomized embeddings of <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> into <i>l</i><inf>∞</inf>(or "<i>l</i><inf>∞</inf>-like") spaces. Our first result is a (1 + ε)-distortion <i>asymmetric</i> embedding of <i>n</i> points in <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> into <i>l</i><inf>∞</inf> with polylog(<i>n</i>) dimension, for any 1 + ε. This gives the first known <i>O</i>(1)- approximate nearest neighbor algorithm with fast query time and almost polynomial space for a product of Euclidean norms, a common generalization of both <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> and <i>l</i><inf>∞</inf> norms. Our embedding also clarifies the relative complexity of approximate nearest neighbor in <i>l</i><inf>2</inf> and <i>l</i><inf>∞</inf> spaces.Our second result in a (1 + ε)-approximate algorithm for the diameter of <i>n</i> points in <i>l<sup>d</sup><inf>2</inf></i>, running in time <i>Õ</i>(<i>dn</i><sup>1+l/(1+ε)</sup><sup>2</sup>); the algorithm is fully dynamic. This improves several previous algorithms for this problem (see Table 1 for more information).
Faculty Expectations for Student Success in Community College Developmental Math

Community college faculty involved in developmental math instruction play a unique and leveraging role in helping large numbers of underprepared students navigate college success (Cejda & Murray, 2010). Based on a case study in a mainstreamed math department at one community college, this paper highlights how academic policy implementation can influence faculty expectations in developmental math classes and interact with the learning environment to enhance or dissuade student success. Theories of social perception and concepts of academic press provided the framework for analysis. Qualitative inquiry and grounded theory techniques were used to explore the foundational perceptions that shaped developmental math instructors’ expectations for student success. Contrary to previous findings, faculty participants viewed developmental math instruction as a teaching challenge, not a burden. Participants’ expectations were rooted in academic policy and tempered by perceptions of student motivation. Implications for student instruction and the role of faculty expectations are reported.
Linking Protein Motion to Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme motions on a broad range of time scales can play an important role in various intra- and intermolecular events, including substrate binding, catalysis of the chemical conversion, and product release. The relationship between protein motions and catalytic activity is of contemporary interest in enzymology. To understand the factors influencing the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the dynamics of the protein-solvent-ligand complex must be considered. The current review presents two case studies of enzymes—dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TSase)—and discusses the role of protein motions in their catalyzed reactions. Specifically, we will discuss the utility of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and their temperature dependence as tools in probing such phenomena.
Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein US11 Interacts with Conventional Kinesin Heavy Chain

ABSTRACT Little is known about the mechanisms of transport of neurotropic herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus, and pseudorabies virus, within neurons. For these viruses, which replicate in the nucleus, anterograde transport from the cell body of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to the axon terminus occurs over long distances. In the case of HSV, unenveloped nucleocapsids in human DRG neurons cocultured with autologous skin were observed by immunoelectron microscopy to colocalize with conventional ubiquitous kinesin, a microtubule-dependent motor protein, in the cell body and axon during anterograde axonal transport. Subsequently, four candidate kinesin-binding structural HSV proteins were identified (VP5, VP16, VP22, and US11) using oligohistidine-tagged human ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain (uKHC) as bait. Of these viral proteins, a direct interaction between uKHC and US11 was identified. In vitro studies identified residues 867 to 894 as the US11-binding site in uKHC located within the proposed heptad repeat cargo-binding domain of uKHC. In addition, the uKHC-binding site in US11 maps to the C-terminal RNA-binding domain. US11 is consistently cotransported with kinetics similar to those of the capsid protein VP5 into the axons of dissociated rat neurons, unlike the other tegument proteins VP16 and VP22. These observations suggest a major role for the uKHC-US11 interaction in anterograde transport of unenveloped HSV nucleocapsids in axons.
The disposition to understand for oneself at university: integrating learning processes with motivation and metacognition.

BACKGROUND A re-analysis of several university-level interview studies has suggested that some students show evidence of a deep and stable approach to learning, along with other characteristics that support the approach. This combination, it was argued, could be seen to indicate a disposition to understand for oneself. AIM To identify a group of students who showed high and consistent scores on deep approach, combined with equivalently high scores on effort and monitoring studying, and to explore these students' experiences of the teaching-learning environments they had experienced. SAMPLE Re-analysis of data from 1,896 students from 25 undergraduate courses taking four contrasting subject areas in eleven British universities. METHODS Inventories measuring approaches to studying were given at the beginning and the end of a semester, with the second inventory also exploring students' experiences of teaching. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify groups of students with differing patterns of response on the inventory scales, with a particular focus on students showing high, stable scores. RESULTS One cluster clearly showed the characteristics expected of the disposition to understand and was also fairly stable over time. Other clusters also had deep approaches, but also showed either surface elements or lower scores on organized effort or monitoring their studying. CONCLUSIONS Combining these findings with interview studies previously reported reinforces the idea of there being a disposition to understand for oneself that could be identified from an inventory scale or through further interviews.
Ground-truth dataset and baseline evaluations for image base-detail separation algorithms

Base-detail separation is a fundamental computer vision problem consisting of modeling a smooth base layer with the coarse structures, and a detail layer containing the texture-like structures. One of the challenges of estimating the base is to preserve sharp boundaries between objects or parts to avoid halo artifacts. Many methods have been proposed to address this problem, but there is no ground-truth dataset of real images for quantitative evaluation. We proposed a procedure to construct such a dataset, and provide two datasets: Pascal Base-Detail and Fashionista Base-Detail, containing 1000 and 250 images, respectively. Our assumption is that the base is piecewise smooth and we label the appearance of each piece by a polynomial model. The pieces are objects and parts of objects, obtained from human annotations. Finally, we proposed a way to evaluate methods with our base-detail ground-truth and we compared the performances of seven state-of-the-art algorithms.
A wavelet-based spatially adaptive method for mammographic contrast enhancement

A method aimed at minimizing image noise while optimizing contrast of image features is presented. The method is generic and it is based on local modification of multiscale gradient magnitude values provided by the redundant dyadic wavelet transform. Denoising is accomplished by a spatially adaptive thresholding strategy, taking into account local signal and noise standard deviation. Noise standard deviation is estimated from the background of the mammogram. Contrast enhancement is accomplished by applying a local linear mapping operator on denoised wavelet magnitude values. The operator normalizes local gradient magnitude maxima to the global maximum of the first scale magnitude subimage. Coefficient mapping is controlled by a local gain limit parameter. The processed image is derived by reconstruction from the modified wavelet coefficients. The method is demonstrated with a simulated image with added Gaussian noise, while an initial quantitative performance evaluation using 22 images from the DDSM database was performed. Enhancement was applied globally to each mammogram, using the same local gain limit value. Quantitative contrast and noise metrics were used to evaluate the quality of processed image regions containing verified lesions. Results suggest that the method offers significantly improved performance over conventional and previously reported global wavelet contrast enhancement methods. The average contrast improvement, noise amplification and contrast-to-noise ratio improvement indices were measured as 9.04, 4.86 and 3.04, respectively. In addition, in a pilot preference study, the proposed method demonstrated the highest ranking, among the methods compared. The method was implemented in C++ and integrated into a medical image visualization tool.
Factor Structure of Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria

Since the DSM-III-R Axis II borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a polythetic categorization, it is both theoretically and clinically important to examine the covariation of the eight BPD criteria. Seventy-five hospitalized female borderline patients were interviewed with an expanded SCID-II and given dimensional ratings on each of the borderline criteria. These dimensional data were used to factor analyze the criteria, and three factors emerged. The first factor reflected identity problems and interpersonal difficulties. A second factor included affect difficulties and self-harm, and a final factor was composed of only the impulsivity criterion. Results are discussed in terms of implications for treatment planning and future work on construct validity.
Facilitating factors for work return in unemployed with disabilities: A qualitative study

Despite the fact that equal services are offered to all disabled jobseekers who apply for jobs through jobcentres, only a small number of them return to work while the others remain unemployed. The aim of this study was to explore which factors disabled jobseekers, who had managed to get a job experienced had been important for their work return. A qualitative research method, Grounded Theory, was chosen. Ten thematized in-depth interviews were conducted. The narratives reflected that a common feature in the informants was a strong worker identity. They emphasized the importance of remaining as an active jobseeker despite disability and unemployment. Measures offered by the jobcentres such as timing, individual support, and a period of adjusted work were experienced to be empowering and enhanced the ability to continue job seeking. In parallel with these empowering measures the informants expressed a process of personal development (reorientation). The reorientation included concepts such as “adjusting to disability” and “finding a new work identity”.
Estimating admixture proportions with microsatellites: comparison of methods based on simulated data

Several methods have been developed to estimate the parental contributions in the genetic pool of an admixed population. Some pair‐comparisons have been performed on real data but, to date, no systematic comparison of a large number of methods has been attempted. In this study, we performed a simulated data‐based comparison of six of the most cited methods in the literature of the last 20 years. Five of these methods use allele frequencies and differ in the statistical treatment of the data. The last one also considers the degree of molecular divergence by estimating the coalescence times. Comparisons are based on the frequency at which the method can be applied, the bias and the mean square error of the estimation, and the frequency at which the true value is within the confidence interval. Eventually, each method was applied to a real data set of variously introgressed honeybee populations. In optimal conditions (highly differentiated parental populations, recent hybridization event), all methods perform equally well. When conditions are not optimal, the methods perform differently, but no method is always better or worse than all others. Some guidelines are given for the choice of the method.
Deviant sexual arousal, offense history, and demographic variables as predictors of reoffense among child molesters

The present study examined selected demographic and offense history variables and deviant sexual arousal as predictors of reoffense in a group of 35 untreated child molesters. The measure of deviant sexual arousal was based on laboratory measures of sexual preference using penile plethysmography. Factor analysis of the predictor variables yielded three factors. The measure of deviant arousal, the amount of force used in the offense, whether or not the offender had intercourse with the child victim, and the number of previous victims loaded on the first factor, called Sexual Deviance. IQ and socioeconomic status loaded on the second factor, called Social Status. Age of the offender and age of the victim loaded on the third factor, called Offender Age. Entering the sets of three factor scores as predictors in a multiple correlation, over 20% of the variance in recidivism was explained, but the factor Sexual Deviance was the only significant predictor of recidivism (p < .02). Almost 30% of the variance in number of reoffenses was explained, and both Sexual Deviance (p < .01) and Social Status (p < .10) were significant predictors. A cluster analysis identified a group of offenders characterized by low SES and low IQ who also showed higher sexual deviance scores and a high rate of reoffense.