Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulators and effectors of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in the cardiovascular system

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play key roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in various tissues and organs, including the cardiovascular system. BMPs signal through both Smad‐dependent and ‐independent cascades to exert a wide spectrum of biological activities. Cardiovascular disorders such as abnormal angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy have been linked to aberrant BMP signalling. To correct the dysregulated BMP signalling in cardiovascular pathogenesis, it is essential to get a better understanding of how the regulators and effectors of BMP signalling control cardiovascular function and how the dysregulated BMP signalling contributes to cardiovascular dysfunction. We hence highlight several key regulators of BMP signalling such as extracellular regulators of ligands, mechanical forces, microRNAs and small molecule drugs as well as typical BMP effectors like direct downstream target genes, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, reactive oxygen species and microRNAs. The insights into these molecular processes will help target both the regulators and important effectors to reverse BMP‐associated cardiovascular pathogenesis.
EXPLORING THE VARIABLE SKY WITH LINEAR. II. HALO STRUCTURE AND SUBSTRUCTURE TRACED BY RR LYRAE STARS TO 30 kpc

We present a sample of ∼5000 RR Lyrae stars selected from the recalibrated LINEAR data set and detected at heliocentric distances between 5 kpc and 30 kpc over ∼8000 deg2 of sky. The coordinates and light curve properties, such as period and Oosterhoff type, are made publicly available. We analyze in detail the light curve properties and Galactic distribution of the subset of ∼4000 type ab RR Lyrae (RRab) stars, including a search for new halo substructures and the number density distribution as a function of Oosterhoff type. We find evidence for the Oosterhoff dichotomy among field RR Lyrae stars, with the ratio of the type II and I subsamples of about 1:4, but with a weaker separation than for globular cluster stars. The wide sky coverage and depth of this sample allow unique constraints for the number density distribution of halo RRab stars as a function of galactocentric distance: it can be described as an oblate ellipsoid with an axis ratio q = 0.63 and with either a single or a double power law with a power-law index in the range −2 to −3. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the Oosterhoff type II subsample has a steeper number density profile than the Oosterhoff type I subsample. Using the group-finding algorithm EnLink, we detected seven candidate halo groups, only one of which is statistically spurious. Three of these groups are near globular clusters (M53/NGC 5053, M3, M13), and one is near a known halo substructure (Virgo Stellar Stream); the remaining three groups do not seem to be near any known halo substructures or globular clusters and seem to have a higher ratio of Oosterhoff type II to Oosterhoff type I RRab stars than what is found in the halo. The extended morphology and the position (outside the tidal radius) of some of the groups near globular clusters are suggestive of tidal streams possibly originating from globular clusters. Spectroscopic follow-up of detected halo groups is encouraged.
Experimental Validation of the Quadratic Forward Model for RF Tomography

An effective way to solve the inverse scattering from dielectric objects relies on the Born approximation, which allows to linearize the problem and retrieve a qualitative reconstruction of the targets in terms of location and extent. The limits of the validity of the linear model can be extended by considering a quadratic approximation of the operator relating the scattered field data to the unknown object function. The use of the quadratic operator allows on the one hand to recover additional spatial variations of the object profile and on the other hand to mitigate the local minima (false solution) problem typically affecting nonlinear inversion methods. In this letter, we present an experimental validation of the quadratic inverse model for dielectric objects in free space. The data processing confirms that the tomographic images based on the quadratic model are better resolved compared to the ones provided by the inversion of the linear Born model.
Social Self-Perception Among Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors Compared With Peers

Objective: To assess self-perceptions of social behavior among children treated for a brain tumor and comparison children. To investigate group differences in the accuracy of children's self-perceptions as measured by discrepancies between self and peer reports of social behavior and to understand if these phenomena differ by gender. Method: Self and peer reports of social behavior were obtained in the classrooms of 116 children who were treated for an intracranial tumor. Social behaviors were assessed using the Revised Class Play, which generates indices for 5 behavioral subscales: Leadership-popularity, Prosocial, Aggressive-disruptive, Sensitive-isolated, and Victimization. A child matched for gender, race, and age was selected from each survivor's classroom to serve as a comparison. Abbreviated IQ scores were obtained in participants' homes. Results: Relative to comparison children, those who had undergone treatment for a brain tumor overestimated their level of Leadership-popularity and underestimated levels of Sensitive-isolated behaviors and Victimization by peers. Female survivors were more likely than male survivors to underestimate Sensitive-isolated behaviors and Victimization. Conclusion: Following treatment for a brain tumor, children (particularly girls) may be more likely than healthy children to underestimate peer relationship difficulties. These discrepancies should be considered when obtaining self-report from survivors and developing interventions to improve social functioning.
Relationship between infant feeding and infectious illness: a prospective study of infants during the first year of life.

Prior studies investigating the relationship between infant feeding and infectious illnesses in developed countries have provided conflicting data about whether breast-feeding protects against common infectious illnesses early in life. These conflicts may in part be due to the failure to consider the following methodologic issues: (1) collecting data prospectively at frequent intervals for active surveillance of the detection of infections and of feeding practices, (2) specifying what is meant by infectious illnesses and breast-feeding, (3) controlling for confounding variables such as social class or presence of siblings in the household, and (4) applying appropriate analytical strategies to a population in which both feeding and exposure to illness change over time. A total of 500 infants born consecutively in a university-affiliated community hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, were studied prospectively for the first 12 months of life by means of a detailed, monthly, mailed questionnaire that focused on feeding practices and illnesses (overall response rate, 73%). The percentage of infants who were completely or mostly breast-fed decreased from 88% at 1 month to 20% at 12 months of age. After adjustment for major covariates, no statistically significant relationship was found between the type of infant feeding and the incidence of four categories of infectious illnesses: gastroenteritis, upper respiratory illness, otitis media, and lower respiratory illness. The adjusted incidence density ratio for gastroenteritis was 1.067 (95% confidence interval = 0.982, 1.226) and for upper respiratory illnesses 0.984 (95% confidence interval = 0.883, 1.096). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Corporate Social Responsibility in China: An Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Retailers' Sustainability Dimensions

In the past decade, a sizable body of literature has built up on the concept and characteristics of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Western countries, where it has also been referred to as sustainability. More recently, attention has grown for CSR in emerging countries. Remarkably, China has hardly been studied so far. This paper aims to help fill this gap by considering, against this background, the CSR notion in China, through an exploration a small sample of large retailers in China, both Chinese and non-Chinese companies. The analysis of CSR/sustainability dimensions, as communicated by these large retailers in both the Chinese and English language, shows substantial differences between the Chinese and international contexts. Interestingly, the largest divergence can be found for international retailers between their Chinese and corporate attention for CSR (so home versus host settings), most notably in the case of Carrefour, and to a lesser extent, Wal-Mart. In the Chinese context, there are differences between the Chinese and international retailers as well (so domestic versus foreign firms), with the former reporting more on economic dimensions, including philanthropy, and the latter more on product responsibility - contentious labor issues and the environment receive relatively limited attention in both groups in China. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for research and practice.
Are (the log-odds of) hospital mortality rates normally distributed? Implications for studying variations in outcomes of medical care.

RATIONALE Hierarchical regression models are increasingly being used to examine variations in outcomes following the provision of medical care across providers. These models frequently assume a normal distribution for the provider-specific random effects. The appropriateness of this assumption for examining variations in health care outcomes has never been explicitly tested. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare hierarchical logistic regression models in which the provider-specific random effects were either a normal distribution or a mixture of three normal distributions. METHODS We used data on 18,825 patients admitted to 109 hospitals in Ontario with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. We used the Deviance Information Criterion, Bayes factors and predictive distributions to compare the evidence between the two competing models. RESULTS There was strong evidence that the distribution of hospital-specific log-odds of mortality was a mixture of three normal distributions compared to the evidence that it was normal. In some scenarios, the hospital-specific posterior tail probabilities of unacceptably high mortality were lower when a logistic-normal model was fit compared to when a logistic-mixture of normal distributions model was fit. Additionally, in these same scenarios, fewer hospitals were classified as having higher than acceptable mortality when the logistic-mixture of three normal distributions was used. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important consequences for those who use hierarchical models to examine variations in outcomes of medical care across providers since the mixture of three normal distributions model indicated that variations in outcomes across providers was greater than indicated by the logistic-normal model.
Wage Inequality and Cognitive Skills: Re-Opening the Debate

Inequality in the United States is high by international standards, and keeps rising. This is likely to bring significant social as well as economic costs, including lower growth. In this paper, we use the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) to revisit the debate on the relative importance of skills in explaining international differences in wage inequality. While simple decomposition exercises suggest that skills only play a very minor role, demand and supply analysis indicates that the relative net supply of skills could explain 29% of the higher top-end wage inequality in the United States. Our analysis also suggests that skills could explain a substantial portion of the racial wage gap, as well as between individuals from different socio-economic backgrounds. Finally, we find little support for the argument that higher wage inequality in the United States may be compensated for by better relative employment outcomes of the low-skilled.
A critical review of Kano's wording and its impact on attribute classification: a case study of smartphone in Korea

As the popularity of Kano's model grows, Kano's wording, which plays a pivotal role for the categorisation of quality attributes, has been criticised for being ambiguous, cumbersome, and indefinite. Many scholars have modified the wording; however, its impact has rarely been explored in detail. This paper identifies the intrinsic and extrinsic problems of Kano's wording through an extensive literature review and proposes a new way to ask using better–worse (B–W) questions and a five-point ordinal scale as alternative answers. To examine how the B–W approach works in comparison with the Kano model, the author conducted a case study of smartphones. The application results of the proposed method are different from that of the Kano model: ‘attractive’ and ‘must-be’ attributes, which postulate unidirectional effects on customer satisfaction in the Kano model, do not appear. Instead, ‘attractive tendency’ attribute and ‘must-be tendency’ attribute are found in the B–W method. A frequency test using the evaluation table is performed to understand this phenomenon, and differences and similarities of the two approaches are discussed in this paper. A quantified potential satisfaction index and potential dissatisfaction index using B–W approach, which is useful for prioritising quality attributes, are introduced and compared with Kano's satisfaction indices.
Bidimensionality and Parameterized Algorithms (Invited Talk)

We provide an exposition of the main results of the theory of bidimensionality in parameterized algorithm design. This theory applies to graph problems that are bidimensional in the sense that i) their solution value is not increasing when we take minors or contractions of the input graph and ii) their solution value for the (triangulated) (k x k)-grid graph grows as a quadratic function of k. Under certain additional conditions, mainly of logical and combinatorial nature, such problems admit subexponential parameterized algorithms and linear kernels when their inputs are restricted to certain topologically defined graph classes. We provide all formal definitions and concepts in order to present these results in a rigorous way and in their latest update.
Event Organization 101: Understanding Latent Factors of Event Popularity

The problem of understanding people's participation in real-world events has been a subject of active research and can offer valuable insights for human behavior analysis and event-related recommendation/advertisement. In this work, we study the latent factors for determining event popularity using large-scale datasets collected from the popular Meetup.com EBSN in three major cities around the world. We have conducted modeling analysis of four contextual factors (spatial, group, temporal, and semantic), and also developed a group-based social influence propagation network to model group-specific influences on events. By combining the Contextual features And Social Influence Network, our integrated prediction framework CASINO can capture the diverse influential factors of event participation and can be used by event organizers to predict/improve the popularity of their events. Evaluations demonstrate that our CASINO framework achieves high prediction accuracy with contributions from all the latent features we capture.
Community Composition and Ultrastructure of a Nitrate-Dependent Anaerobic Methane-Oxidizing Enrichment Culture

ABSTRACT Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas and can be oxidized aerobically or anaerobically through microbe-mediated processes, thus decreasing methane emissions in the atmosphere. Using a complementary array of methods, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological experiments, and light and electron microscopy techniques (including electron tomography), we investigated the community composition and ultrastructure of a continuous bioreactor enrichment culture, in which anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) was coupled to nitrate reduction. A membrane bioreactor was seeded with AOM biomass and continuously fed with excess methane. After 150 days, the bioreactor reached a daily consumption of 10 mmol nitrate · liter−1 · day−1. The biomass consisted of aggregates that were dominated by nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing “Candidatus Methanoperedens”-like archaea (40%) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing “Candidatus Methylomirabilis”-like bacteria (50%). The “Ca. Methanoperedens” spp. were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunogold localization of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) enzyme, which was located in the cytoplasm. The “Ca. Methanoperedens” sp. aggregates consisted of slightly irregular coccoid cells (∼1.5-μm diameter) which produced extruding tubular structures and putative cell-to-cell contacts among each other. “Ca. Methylomirabilis” sp. bacteria exhibited the polygonal cell shape typical of this genus. In AOM archaea and bacteria, cytochrome c proteins were localized in the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively, by cytochrome staining. Our results indicate that AOM bacteria and archaea might work closely together in the process of anaerobic methane oxidation, as the bacteria depend on the archaea for nitrite. Future studies will be aimed at elucidating the function of the cell-to-cell interactions in nitrate-dependent AOM. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms performing nitrate- and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation are important in both natural and man-made ecosystems, such as wastewater treatment plants. In both systems, complex microbial interactions take place that are largely unknown. Revealing these microbial interactions would enable us to understand how the oxidation of the important greenhouse gas methane occurs in nature and pave the way for the application of these microbes in wastewater treatment plants. Here, we elucidated the microbial composition, ultrastructure, and physiology of a nitrate-dependent AOM community of archaea and bacteria and describe the cell plan of “Ca. Methanoperedens”-like methanotrophic archaea.
Delineating the roles of males and females in sperm competition

Disentangling the relative roles of males, females and their interactive effects on competitive fertilization success remains a challenge in sperm competition. In this study, we apply a novel experimental framework to an ideally suited externally fertilizing model system in order to delineate these roles. We focus on the chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a species in which ovarian fluid (OF) has been implicated as a potential arbiter of cryptic female choice for genetically compatible mates. We evaluated this predicted sexually selected function of OF using a series of factorial competitive fertilization trials. Our design involved a series of 10 factorial crosses, each involving two ‘focal’ rival males whose sperm competed against those from a single ‘standardized’ (non-focal) rival for a genetically uniform set of eggs in the presence of OF from two focal females. This design enabled us to attribute variation in competitive fertilization success among focal males, females (OF) and their interacting effects, while controlling for variation attributable to differences in the sperm competitive ability of rival males, and male-by-female genotypic interactions. Using this experimental framework, we found that variation in sperm competitiveness could be attributed exclusively to differences in the sperm competitive ability of focal males, a conclusion supported by subsequent analyses revealing that variation in sperm swimming velocity predicts paternity success. Together, these findings provide evidence that variation in paternity success can be attributed to intrinsic differences in the sperm competitive ability of rival males, and reveal that sperm swimming velocity is a key target of sexual selection.
Impulsivity and verbal deficits associated with domestic violence

While neurobiological factors are known to play a role in human aggression, relatively few studies have examined neuropsychological contributions to propensity for violence. We previously demonstrated cognitive deficits among men who committed domestic violence (batterers) compared to non-violent controls. Batterers had deficits in verbal ability, learning and executive problem-solving ability. These findings led us to examine whether executive control problems involving impulsivity contribute to problems with behavioral control among batterers, and to further examine their deficits in verbal functioning. Batterers (n = 41) enrolled in a domestic violence program were compared to 20 non-violent men of similar age, education, and socioeconomic background on neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, including impulsivity. Questionnaires and structured clinical interviews were used to assess emotional distress, aggression and self-reported impulsivity. Batterers showed greater impulsivity compared to non-batterers on several neuropsychological measures. Yet, the severity of these deficits was relatively mild and not evident in all batterers. Consistent with our previous findings, significant verbal deficits were again observed among the batterers. These findings suggest that while impulsivity may be a factor associated with domestic violence, it probably is not the sole determinant of the strong relationship between cognitive functioning and batterer status that we previously observed. Both verbal expressive deficits and behavioral impulsivity appear to be relevant variables in predisposing men to domestic violence. (JINS, 2003, 9, 760–770.)
Novel design method of a multi-section transmission-line transformer using genetic algorithm techniques

A novel design method of a multi-section transmission-line transformer (TLT) for simultaneously matching multi-arbitrary frequencies and an arbitrary load is developed, based on an ideal transmission-line circuit mode and optimization design using genetic-algorithm techniques. Optimum design equations of the TLT are derived, and the related algorithm and procedure are described. In order to test and verify validity of the method, an three-section transmission-line transformer (TLT) for matching three arbitrary frequencies and an arbitrary load, is designed and analyzed by letting f1=0.9 GHz, f2=1.8 GHz, and f3 =2.4 GHz with matching Z0=50 to ZL=30 Omega, 75 Omega, and 100 Omega, respectively. And excellent agreement between the numerical results and the result presented by Michai is shown. The new design method avoid completed and closed - form design equations. Further, by this method, a four-section transmission-line transformer (TLT) for simultaneously matching four operating frequencies, i.e., 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.7 GHz, at different transforming ratio values, is designed and simulated effectively.