Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient technique for finding semantic similarity and their frequency between words

Semantic similarity of the words is used specially in searching operations. Although there are various searching tools available for the searching of words, texts, images etc. But sometimes exact matching of the word doesn't require but the similar words having same meaning is required. Hence an efficient algorithm is implemented for the searching of semantic similarity between words. Here an efficient technique is implemented for the detection of similar words, as well as finding the frequency of word.
MUC7 Polymorphisms Are Associated With a Decreased Risk of a Diagnosis of Asthma in an African American Population

Purpose Mucin glycoproteins contribute to lung pathophysiology in asthma. The protein backbone of mucin glycoproteins is encoded by specific MUC genes, which exhibit a high degree of polymorphisms that generate a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) domains. MUC7 typically encodes for 6 VNTRs, each with 23 amino acids. In a northern European cohort, a polymorphism encoding MUC7*5 (5-VNTR) is in 100% linkage disequilibrium with the single nucleotide polymorphism rs9982010 and associated with a decreased risk of being asthmatic and having better lung function. African Americans have a 5- to 10-fold increase in incidence of asthma relative to whites, who are believed to be partially associated with higher genetic susceptibility. Occurrence of the rs9982010 and MUC7 allelic frequencies was evaluated in inner-city African Americans to test their association with a diagnosis of asthma. Methods Genomic DNA, collected from a cohort of African American asthmatic subjects, was used to detect the MUC7 VNTR polymorphisms and to analyze the rs9982010 single nucleotide polymorphism. Results A logistic regression analysis showed that the MUC7*5-VNTR allele decreased the likelihood of a diagnosis of asthma (odds ratio, 0.173 [95% confidence interval, 0.041-0.737]; P < 0.018) and is not in a strong linkage disequilibrium with the rs9982010 (r 2 = 0.03; odds ratio, 66; confidence interval, 5.913-736.72). A novel MUC7*4-VNTR polymorphism, identified in an African American nonasthmatic individual, was linked to a structural rearrangement of the VNTR domain. Conclusions These data extend the association of MUC7*5 allelic polymorphisms and asthma to inner-city African Americans.
Research on the relationship between the illusion of control and customer satisfaction in customer participation

The theory of illusion of control was introduced to explain why customers were dissatisfied in customer participation. Through two experiments, the customer participated situations were simulated for two groups of subjects. In these situations, customers overestimated the influences of participated behaviors to outcome. Once outcomes were not in accordance with expectations, compared with customers who did not participate, participated customers were markedly dissatisfied. However, the level of customer participation had not significant effect to illusion of control. Participated customers produce illusion of control. Consistency of outcomes between expectations moderates the relation between illusion of control and customer satisfaction. The findings provide considerable evidence for customer psychological change in customer participation.
Expression of the genes GAD67 and Distal‐less‐4 in the forebrain of Xenopus laevis confirms a common pattern in tetrapods

We investigated whether γ‐amino butyric acidergic (GABAergic) cell populations correlate positionally with specific Dlx‐expressing histogenetic territories in an anamniote tetrapod, the frog Xenopus laevis. To that end, we cloned a fragment of Xenopus GAD67 gene (xGAD67, expressed in GABAergic neurons) and compared its expression with that of Distal‐less‐4 gene (xDll‐4, ortholog of mouse Dlx2) in the forebrain at late larval and adult stages. In Xenopus, GABAergic neurons were densely concentrated in xDll‐4–positive territories, such as the telencephalic subpallium, part of the hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus, where nearly all neurons expressed both genes. In contrast, the pallium of Xenopus generally contained dispersed neurons expressing xGAD67 or xDll‐4, which may represent local circuit neurons. As in amniotes, these pallial interneurons may have been produced in the subpallium and migrated tangentially into the pallium during development. In Xenopus, the ventral division of the classic lateral pallium contained extremely few GABAergic cells and showed only low signal of the pallial gene Emx1, suggesting that it may represent the amphibian ventral pallium, homologous to that of amniotes. At caudal forebrain levels, a number of GABAergic neurons was observed in several areas (dorsal thalamus, pretectum), but no correlation to xDll‐4 was observed there. The location of GABAergic neurons in the forebrain and their relation to the developmental regulatory genes Dll and Dlx were very similar in Xenopus and in amniotes. The close correlation in the expression of both genes in rostral forebrain regions supported the notion that Dll/Dlx are among the genes involved in the acquisition of the GABAergic phenotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:370–393, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power analysis of ozone generator for high capacity production

Research on the power analysis of ozone generator for high capacity production has been done. We used an ozone generator with capacity of 100 grams/hour. The ozone generator was developed by providing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor. DBD reactor was made of a glass tube as dielectric material and stainless-steel mesh wire as electrodes. An AC high voltage was used as a power supply. The pure oxygen and free air were used as source of gas. The produced ozone was measured at some variation of voltage, i.e. 2.5-5.7 kV with constant flowrate of 20 L/min and dissolving durration into KI solution of 2 min. The ozone concentration was measured by reacting ozone to potassium iodide (KI), as an ozone scavenger solution. The results showed that ozone capacity increase with increasing of applied voltage. The minimum and maximum capacity of ozon with pure oxygen input obtained at voltage of 2.5 kV and 3.6 kV, while with free air input obtained at voltage of 2.5 kV and 5.7 kV. Furthermore, ozone capacity of 100 gr/h with pure oxygen input obtained at power of 6.2 watt while with free air input obtained at power of 17.6 watt.
Displaying random variation in comparing hospital performance

Introduction The role of transparency in quality of care is becoming ever more important. Various indicators are used to assess hospital performance. Judging hospitals using rank order takes no account of disturbing factors such as random variation and case-mix differences. The purpose of this article is to compare displays for the influence of random variation on the apparent differences in the quality of care between the Dutch hospitals. Method The authors analysed the official 2005 data of all 97 hospitals on the following performance indicators: pressure ulcer, cerebro-vascular accident and acute myocardial infarction. The authors calculated CIs of the point estimate and the simulated CIs of the ranks with bootstrap sampling, and visualised the influence of random variation with three modern graphical techniques: forest plot, funnel plot and rank plot. Results Statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for nearly all performance indicators (p<0.001). However, the CIs in the forest plot revealed that only a small number of hospitals performed significantly better or worse. The funnel plot provides a representation of differences between hospitals compared with a target value and allows for the uncertainty of these differences. The rank plot showed that ranking hospitals was very uncertain. Conclusion Despite statistically significant differences between hospitals, random variation is a crucial factor that must be taken into account when judging individual hospitals. The funnel plot provides easily interpretable information on hospital performance, including the influence of random variation.
A relation merging technique for relational databases

A merging technique for relational schemas consisting of relation-schemes, key dependencies, referential integrity constraints, and null constraints is presented. The author examines the conditions required for using this technique with relational database management systems that provide different mechanisms for maintaining null and referential integrity constraints. For relational schemas developed using an extended entity-relationship (EER) oriented design methodology, it is shown that a relation-scheme can be used for representing multiple object-sets not only for the standard binary many-to-one relationship-set structure, but for more complex structures as well. <<ETX>>
The Association of Platelet and Red Cell Count with Platelet Impedance Changes in Whole Blood and Light-Scattering Changes in Platelet Rich Plasma: Evidence from the Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Study

Summary This epidemiological study was undertaken to explore possible relationships among various haematological indices, prevalent ischaemic heart disease and platelet “function” as measured by two rather different methods. ADP-induced platelet impedance changes in whole blood were strongly associated with prevalent ischaemic heart disease in a general population of 49-66 year men at increased risk. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) at a constant platelet count and also the whole blood platelet count and red cell (RBC) count were strongly and independently related to ADP-induced platelet impedance changes. Both platelet count and platelet aggregation in PRP assessed by changes in optical density were directly related to increasing platelet “sensitivity” as measured by impedance changes in whole blood but RBC count was inversely related. Positive independent relationships between platelet impedance changes and plasma viscosity and fibrinogen were markedly attenuated when platelet count was taken into account, but this finding does not discount a role for these factors in platelet aggregation. No relationship was noted between white blood cell (WBC) count and platelet impedance changes; however, a significant inverse relationship was noted with platelet aggregation in PRP. These findings indicate that laboratory-based experimental findings can be observed in population based studies, and that these haematological factors may be important indicators of ischaemic disease in the population.
Evolving epidemiology of reported cryptosporidiosis cases in the United States, 1995–2012

SUMMARY Cryptosporidium is the leading aetiology of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. This report briefly describes the temporal and geographical distribution of US cryptosporidiosis cases and presents analyses of cryptosporidiosis case data reported in the United States for 1995–2012. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess changes in the proportions of cases by case status (confirmed vs. non-confirmed), sex, race, and ethnicity over the study period. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for comparing rates across three time periods (1995–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2012). The proportion of confirmed cases significantly decreased (P < 0·0001), and a crossover from male to female predominance in case-patients occurred (P < 0·0001). Overall, compared to 1995–2004, rates were higher in 2005–2008 (RR 2·92, 95% CI 2·08–4·09) and 2009–2012 (RR 2·66, 95% CI 1·90–3·73). However, rate changes from 2005–2008 to 2009–2012 varied by age group (P interaction < 0·0001): 0–14 years (RR 0·55, 95% CI 0·42–0·71), 15–44 years (RR 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·19), 45–64 years (RR 1·47, 95% CI 1·21–1·79) and ⩾65 years (RR 2·18, 95% CI 1·46–3·25). The evolving epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis necessitates further identification of risk factors in population subgroups. Adding systematic molecular typing of Cryptosporidium specimens to US national cryptosporidiosis surveillance would help further identify risk factors and markedly expand understanding of cryptosporidiosis epidemiology in the United States.
Time to flowering in brown midrib mutants of maize: an alternative approach to the analysis of developmental traits

The brown midrib (bm) mutations of maize affect the biosynthesis of lignin, resulting in reddish-brown vascular tissue in the stem, the leaf blade and sheath. Investigating the effects of the change in lignin content and composition on other phenotypic traits in bm mutants is important in increasing the understanding of how secondary metabolism affects plant development. We examined the time to flowering of inbred A619 and near-isogenic lines of bm2, bm1–bm2 and a segregating population with wild-type and bm1 heterozygotes in a controlled experimental design (Latin square) in two locations. Survival analysis was used to describe the distribution of the time to flowering and compare differences between genotypic classes. Survival analysis is a readily accessible technique that can improve inferences in cases where distributions are skewed, or where data are missing or incomplete. The basic approach to survival analysis as well as its specific application to these data is described. After controlling for the effects of the locations, the time to flowering of the bm2 and segregating populations was found to be significantly different from the wild-type and bm1–bm2 populations.
Lack of inter‐species reactivity between antigens and antibodies is overcome by protease treatment of Western blots

The analysis of proteins by Western blotting is frequently limited by the inability of antibodies to recognize antigenic epitopes in proteins of different species. In the present study, we investigated the influence of mild protease digestion on the reactivity of nitrocellulose‐blotted proteins and microscopic sections with antibodies produced against analogous proteins of different species. The proteins were partially purified, electrophoresed and blotted by standard procedures. They were then incubated with either trypsin or pepsin, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 80 μg/mL, for different time periods prior to reaction with the first antibody. After incubation with the second antibody, the bands were visualized by chemiluminescence. The following antibody/antigen pairs produced no signal by conventional methods but resulted in the appropriate bands following protease treatment: (i) monoclonal antibody (Mab) to human keratin #18 / rat keratin; (ii) Mab to starfish extracellular matrix/ mouse laminin; (iii) rabbit antiserum to human platelet myosin II/ratfish nonmuscle myosin II. In the latter system, protease treatment also revealed previously hidden epitopes in microscopic sections. Appropriate controls demonstrated that the antibodies retained their specificity after the protease treatment of the preparations. Optimal conditions varied and had to be defined for each protein under study. The results suggest that protease treatment of immunoblots reduces the lack of inter‐species reactivity between antibodies and antigens.
Gadospin F—Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Atherosclerosis: Validation with Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging in the Apolipoprotein E—Deficient Mouse

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of plaque burden in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice by Gadospin F (GDF)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadolinium uptake in plaques was controlled using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. To monitor the progression of atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− (n = 5) and wild-type (n = 2) mice were fed a Western diet and imaged at 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at 7 T Clinscan (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) before and 2 hours after intravenous injection of GDF (100 μmol/kg) to determine the blood clearance. Plaque size and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for each time point using region of interest measurements to evaluate plaque progression. Following MRI, aortas were excised and GDF uptake was cross-validated by TEM and XRF microscopy. The best signal enhancement in aortic plaque was achieved 2 hours after application of GDF. No signal differences between pre- and postcontrast MRI were detectable in wild-type mice. We observed a gradual and considerable increase in plaque CNR and size for the different disease stages. TEM and XRF microscopy confirmed the localization of GDF within the plaque. GDF-enhanced MRI allows noninvasive and reliable estimation of plaque burden and monitoring of atherosclerotic progression in vivo.
Changes in Fibrillin-1 in the Endometrium during the Early Stages of Pregnancy in Mice

Blastocyst reception and implantation require various adaptations of the uterine microenvironment. We have previously shown that in mice, remodeling of the extracellular matrix begins early in pregnancy, characterized by synthesis, degradation and alteration of collagen fibrillogenesis, accompanied by pregnancy stage-dependent expression of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Fibrillin-1 is a matrix glycoprotein that participates in the formation of elastic fibers and promotes cell adhesion through its integrin-binding domain. In the present study, we used light microscope immunohistochemistry to analyze the distribution of fibrillin-1 in the endometrial stroma of mice during estrous and diestrous, as well as in the pre- and postimplantation periods. Fibrillin-1 was found among endometrial fibroblasts and decidual cells, respectively, in the pre- and postimplantation periods. However, fibrillin-1 organization and distribution in the various regions of the endometrial stroma were found to be pregnancy stage dependent. Fibrillin-1 was also abundant in the basement membrane regions of blood vessels, as well as in the luminal and glandular epithelia. Fibrillin-1 at the maternal-fetal interface and in Reichert’s membrane of embryos at up to 6 days of development might facilitate embryo expansion and fixation. Changes in the fibrillin-1 expression during the peri-implantation period suggest that fibrillin-1 plays a role in preparing the endometrium for embryo implantation.
Evaluating hemodynamic outcomes of different dosages of intravenous nitroglycerin after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic deterioration is a common postoperative problem. Intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) is used for prevention of this complication. Nitroglycerin has different doses and is primarily a vasodilator. Applying different doses of intravenous NTG can induce different effects on post-operative cardiac instability, so we aimed to investigate whether there was a difference need for administration of inotrope drugs in patients undergoing CABG as indicators of cardiac instability. METHODS: Sixty seven consecutive patients enrolled in this double-blind clinical trial performed in Shahid Rajaee hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: The decrease in blood pressure and the need for administration of epinephrine was more prevalent in warming up period in all three groups. No need for administration of epinephrine was detected before and during anesthesia in groups receiving 100 and 150 μg/min intravenous nitroglycerin, but 6.6 percent (1 patient) of patients receiving 50 μg/min epinephrine, demonstrated a decrease in blood pressure which necessitated the use of epinephrine. CONCLUSIONS: It seemed that application of different doses of intravenous nitroglycerin did not exert a significant influence on cardiac instability and the need for use of inotrope drugs.
Structure and function of the thermostable L-asparaginase from Thermococcus kodakarensis.

L-Asparaginases catalyse the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. In addition, L-asparaginase is involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids such as lysine, methionine and threonine. These enzymes have been used as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and other haematopoietic malignancies since the tumour cells cannot synthesize sufficient L-asparagine and are thus killed by deprivation of this amino acid. L-Asparaginases are also used in the food industry and have potential in the development of biosensors, for example for asparagine levels in leukaemia. The thermostable type I L-asparaginase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TkA) is composed of 328 amino acids and forms homodimers in solution, with the highest catalytic activity being observed at pH 9.5 and 85°C. It has a Km value of 5.5 mM for L-asparagine, with no glutaminase activity being observed. The crystal structure of TkA has been determined at 2.18 Å resolution, confirming the presence of two α/β domains connected by a short linker region. The N-terminal domain contains a highly flexible β-hairpin which adopts `open' and `closed' conformations in different subunits of the solved TkA structure. In previously solved L-asparaginase structures this β-hairpin was only visible when in the `closed' conformation, whilst it is characterized with good electron density in all of the subunits of the TkA structure. A phosphate anion resides at the active site, which is formed by residues from both of the neighbouring monomers in the dimer. The high thermostability of TkA is attributed to the high arginine and salt-bridge content when compared with related mesophilic enzymes.
Higher moments of MSVARs and the business cycle

I derive the first four moments of the Markov-switching VAR and use the results to reconsider the conflict between the Great Moderation and Financial Crisis literatures. In contrast to the linear model, a three-regime Markov-switching model captures the skewness and kurtosis of US GDP growth 1954-2011. However, a specification with four regimes splits the sample in 1984, a result familiar from the Great Moderation literature. The higher moments of the MSVAR, not previously studied in the literature, reveal the Great Moderation to be a trade off between variance and kurtosis. U.S. GDP growth shifts from an almost Gaussian structure 1954-84 into a pattern with low variance, negative skewness and high kurtosis. The Markov-switching model which splits the sample accurately captures the new moment structure.
Standardization of a test of speech perception in noise.

All 10 forms of the test of Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) were presented to 128 listeners who had some degree of sensorineural hearing loss. Presentation of the speech track was at 50 dB above the estimated threshold for the babble track. Signal-to-babble ratio was 8 dB. Half of the subjects listened through headphones and half via loudspeaker. Half were tested in a single session and half in two sessions spaced 2-4 weeks apart. Two markers independently scored every test session. Statistical analyses indicate that transducer, number of visits, and order of test form presentation have little or no effect on test scores, and differences between markers, although significant, are quite small. The subtests consisting of items with strong contextual cues generate an average reliability coefficient of . 91, whereas the value for the low-context subtests is . 85. The 10 forms do not, however, constitute a set of equivalent forms, and there are large differences in mean performance on the low-context portions.