Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. V. Lysozyme 29

In addition to the spike-associated host capsule depolymerase, infection by Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophage no. 29 also induces the synthesis of a large bacteriolytic enzyme which has been purified to homogeneity. On incubation of isolated host murein sacculi with this enzyme, no amino groups but reducing sugar groups were liberated, and muraminitol, but no glucosaminitol, was found in the degraded sacculi after subsequent reduction with NaBH4. The bacteriolytic enzyme is thus another lysozyme (mucopeptide N-acetylmuramylhydrolase; EC 3.2.1.17). Electron optical visualization of negatively stained lysozyme specimens showed oblong particles of roughly 4.5 to 5.5 nm in diameter and 15 to 19 nm in length. Although the material tended to dissociate, a crude estimate of its molecular weight (270,000 plus or minus 30,000) could be obtained from these dimensions, from its sedimentation equilibrium, and from its behavior in gel chromatography. After disintegration of homogeneous lysozyme 29 by heating in solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol, polypeptides of one size only (about 46,000 dalton, probably six copies per molecule) were found in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The amino acid analysis of the enzyme accounted for more than 90% of its dry weight. One percent or less of the bacteriolytic activity in phage 29 lysates was found to be associated with the intact or disrupted virus particles, and a polypeptide of 46,000 daltons was not detected in the virions. These results strongly suggest that, in contrast to the host capsule depolymerase also induced by the same phage, and in spite of its comparatively large size, "lysozyme 29" does not constitute an integral part also of the homologous bacteriophage particles.
Modeling Knowledge Sharing and Interemployee Helping From a Perspective of Flow Theory: A Survey of Online Knowledge Works

6 This study proposes a model based on flow theory by postulating key antecedents as the critical drivers of 7 knowledge sharing and interemployee helping. In the model, knowledge sharing is influenced by flow 8 experience directly and also indirectly via the mediation of interemployee helping. Accordingly, the flow 9 experience is influenced simultaneously by four exogenous factors related to individuals’ perception 10 about their work: work skills, self-fulfillment in challenges, perceived control, and vividness. The 11 empirical findings of this study confirm the applicability of flow theory in business organizations by 12 investigating online knowledge workers from business organizations. This study contributes to the 13 knowledge management literature by extending flow theory to the area of knowledge sharing and 14 interemployee helping, by validating idiosyncratic antecedent drivers of the flow theory, and by 15 performing a practical operationalization of the flow experience. This research also provides managerial 16 implications and limitations. 17
The framework convention on tobacco control: The politics of global health governance

This paper analyses the particular challenges that tobacco control poses for health governance in an era of accelerating globalisation. Traditionally, health systems have been structured at the national level, and health regulation has focused on the needs of populations within individual countries. However, the increasingly global nature of the tobacco industry, and the risks it poses to public health, require a transnational approach to regulation. This has been the rationale behind negotiations for a Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organisation (TFI/WHO). In recognition of the need to go beyond national governments, and to create a governance mechanism that can effectively address the transnational nature of the tobacco epidemic, WHO has sought to involve a broad range of interests in negotiations. The contributions of civil society groups in particular in the negotiation process have been unusual. This paper explores the nature and effectiveness of these contributions. It concludes with an assessment of whether the FCTC constitutes a significant shift towards a new form of global health governance, exploring the institutional tensions inherent in attempting to extend participation within a state-centric organisation.
The Leadership Gap

Executive Overview Zaleznik's article is a critical assessment of a mystique that places a premium on the team over the individual as practiced in business and taught in our business schools. It's an argument for substance over process that calls for restoring the individual to his or her proper place as the source of vision and drive that can make an organization unique. The image of leadership projected is one of substance, humanity, and morality, which are qualities Zaleznik believes are painfully short in our collective lives. Good ideas and exciting directions generate enthusiasm, support, and cohesion in an organization. Professional managers with their bag of tools can indeed coordinate and control, but have lost sight of the substance of work in business. Self-esteem follows, not from submerging oneself in the team and following process, but from facing problems, assuming responsibility, and doing good work. Zaleznik argues the business schools have served as socialization plants to fit managers f.
Retrospective analysis of psychomotor agitation, hypomanic symptoms, and suicidal ideation in unipolar depression

In bipolar depression, psychomotor agitation is relatively common and often is associated with other noneuphoric hypomanic symptoms and suicidal ideation. Our goal in this retrospective study was to ascertain the co‐occurrence of agitation, bipolar features, and suicidal ideation in unipolar disorder. We retrospectively evaluated 314 inpatients with DSM‐IV major depressive disorder (MDD) and no other Axis I diagnosis with the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Life Chart Method and the Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist to ascertain their symptom profiles across all episodes. Univariate and multivariate comparisons were performed between the subgroups with and without psychomotor agitation (OPCRIT item 23≥1). Agitated depression (AD, a major depressive episode with psychomotor agitation) was present in 19% of the sample. Compared to nonagitated counterparts, patients with AD were older and had lower educational levels and more dysphoria, insomnia, positive thought disorder, and psychotic manifestations. Hypomanic symptoms other than agitation were relatively uncommon (<10%) and more represented in subjects with AD. No significant differences emerged between AD and control groups with respect to most bipolar validators (gender, familiarity, recurrence). Patients with AD had higher levels of suicidal ideation than non‐AD controls; however, such a difference was no longer significant after controlling for psychotic features. Excessive self‐reproach, early awakening, diurnal changes, poor appetite, and hypomanic symptoms were independently associated with suicidal thoughts in nonpsychotic MDD. Incomplete information on drug treatment, exclusion of patients with Axis I comorbidity, and tertiary care setting were the most important limitations of the study. Although we failed to support the bipolar nature of MDD–AD by common validators, probably because we used a more heterogeneous definition of agitation compared to similar studies, our data confirm the association of agitation with hypomanic symptoms and suicidal thoughts in major depression, and emphasize the complex phenomenology of AD in an inpatient setting. Depression and Anxiety 23:389–397, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disinformation Methods of Financial Crime via Email

Financial crime has significantly increased in the modern era. Technology advances have made possible instant electronic telecommunications among users through the development of high speed computer networks. Criminals take advantage of the anonymity offered by computer networks and cast their nets with alluring bait to attract inexperienced victims. In this study various disinformation methods of financial crime via email are presented. A series of email spam data and statistics are presented which are meticulously collected as messages are trafficked through the University domain csustan.edu. A text corpus is constructed focusing strictly on emails intended for financial crime and a computational lexical analysis of the texts provides insightful content analysis and lexical statistics.
Change from below: the role of middle managers in mediating paradoxical change

This paper examines the role of middle managers in creating change in the Irish health service from interviews with conducted with middle and senior level managers. The research examines the interface between top down and bottom up approaches to change and contributes to showing how ambivalence towards change by middle managers can at the same time contribute to the dismantling of structures and systems that are a necessary precondition for successful change to take place. However, the additional workload and tensions created by dealing with the interface between top-down and bottom-up changes may result in considerable additional workload and stress for the managers themselves.
Vertical Cooperative Advertising Game Models between Members in Supply Chain

This paper considers the vertical cooperative advertising tactics in a two-echelon supply chain system, which is composed of single manufacturer and retailer. In view of the situation that market demand is influenced by the retail price and advertising investment, a non-cooperative and cooperative game models are established respectively, and a model of income distribution is given based on Shapley value. Comparing with the equilibrium of two game models, we conclude that the total revenue of the supply chain, in the case of non-cooperative game, is less than that of cooperative game, as well as in the case of cooperative game, advertising investment is higher than that of non-cooperative game.
Differences in the Portrayal of Health Risk Behaviors by Black and White Characters in Popular Films

Adolescent exposure to risk in film has been associated with behavior. We coded Black and White character involvement in sex, violence, alcohol use, and tobacco use, and combinations of those behaviors in popular mainstream and Black-oriented films (film n = 63, character n = 426). Health risk portrayals were common, with the majority of characters portraying at least one. Black characters were more likely than Whites to portray sex and alcohol use, while White characters were more likely to portray violence. Within-segment combinations of sex and alcohol were more prevalent for Black characters, while violence and alcohol were more prevalent for Whites. Throughout a film, Black characters were more likely than White characters to portray sex and alcohol, sex and tobacco, and alcohol and tobacco. Risky behaviors are prevalent, but types portrayed differ between Black and White characters. This may have implications for health disparities in Black and White adolescents.
ASIRPA: A comprehensive theory-based approach to assessing the societal impacts of a research organization

ASIRPA is an original and comprehensive approach for assessing the socio-economic impact of PROs through case studies. The cases are theory-based, selected to characterize the diversity of the broader impacts, and standardized so as to allow the scaling-up of the analysis of impact to the level of the organization. ASIRPA is founded on well-tried tools and the added-value of the approach lies in the adaptation and combination of these tools to design a comprehensive approach, which has been tested in a real situation and proven to be robust, credible, and implementable.
Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B (dT+) and Heidelberg Strains from the Colombian Poultry Chain

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of significant public health importance that is frequently associated with foodborne illness. We report the whole-genome sequences of four multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and Heidelberg strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.
Self-reconfiguration strategy for energy extraction improvement of island renewable energy sources

Islands are commonly granted with significant renewable energy source potential. This paper proposes a novel self-reconfigurable strategy of island renewable energy sources. The proposed self-reconfigurable strategy can apply to such as solar photovoltaic arrays, wave energy generators and so on. In this paper just take the solar photovoltaic arrays as an example to verify the proposed strategy. The improved solar photovoltaic arrays with proposed self-reconfigurable strategy in this paper can automatically configure itself according to the dynamic load demand and the condition of each photovoltaic cell. And can self-heal from failure or abnormal operation of single or multiple cells, self-balance from cell state variations, and self-optimize to achieve the optimal energy conversion efficiency. These features improve the solar photovoltaic arrays energy extraction and are achieved by a new dynamic photovoltaic arrays configuration and a high-performance control strategy proposed in this paper. Finally, this self-reconfigurable strategy is demonstrated with extensive PSCAD simulation studies.
Real exchange rate and exchange rate policy in Hungary

Five real exchange rate indicators are computed to assess the international competitiveness of Hungarian industry. These indicators are explained in econometric equations by employment, unemployment, productivity, interest spread and real producer wage. Causality tests reveal that external performance has an impact on real exchange rates and contributes to the explanation of real exchange rates. There is very limited scope for policy intervention to constrain the negative effects of capital inflow without incurring other costs.
Bayesian Model Selection in High-Dimensional Settings

Standard assumptions incorporated into Bayesian model selection procedures result in procedures that are not competitive with commonly used penalized likelihood methods. We propose modifications of these methods by imposing nonlocal prior densities on model parameters. We show that the resulting model selection procedures are consistent in linear model settings when the number of possible covariates p is bounded by the number of observations n, a property that has not been extended to other model selection procedures. In addition to consistently identifying the true model, the proposed procedures provide accurate estimates of the posterior probability that each identified model is correct. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that these model selection procedures perform as well or better than commonly used penalized likelihood methods in a range of simulation settings. Proofs of the primary theorems are provided in the Supplementary Material that is available online.
Major Trade Trends in East Asia: What are Their Implications for Regional Cooperation and Growth?

This study's empirical findings have positive implications for further efforts to expand East Asian regional trade and cooperation initiatives. Since the mid-1980s regional intra-trade has grown at a rate roughly double that of world trade, and at a rate far higher than the intra-trade of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) member countries or the European Union. Evidence based on intra-industry trade ratios or statistics on international production sharing show economic linkages and the interdependence of East Asian economies have considerably strengthened over the past two decades. On a global scale, East Asia (excluding Japan) now originates 19 percent of world trade, which is approximately the same share as the NAFTA member countries.
Beyond Spinoff: Military and Commercial Technologies in a Changing World

In the past the USA has relied upon "spinoff" from its massive defence research and development spending to enrich commercial technology. In an era when US industry enjoyed a commanding lead over its international competitors, such spinoff was thought to be enough. But in today's globally competitive economy, a more direct approach is better suited to the needs of commercial markets. This book examines how the government and the private sector can boost America's technological competitiveness and how the two influence each others' technical activities. In a rapidly changing world, the authors argue, there needs to be critical reappraisal of traditional relationships between the military and industry. This book, which includes data, industry-specific case studies and analysis aims to offer such an appraisal. It should be of interest and value to technology managers and policy-makers in industry and government, as well as those concerned with technological and economic competitiveness.
Completing School in Australia: Trends in the 1990s

AFTER a period of dramatic growth in school completion in Australia, rates of school retention have begun to decline. At its peak in 1992 the national rate of retention to Year 12 was approximately 77 per cent. By 1995 the rate had fallen to 72 per cent. The aim of this paper is to document state, system, and social differences in the recent downturn in school completion rates in Australia. Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and from the Australian Youth Survey are used to look at patterns across states, school systems, geographical locations, social backgrounds, and by sex. The results suggest that during the 1990s the downturn in completion has been uneven and some groups of users which had come to rely on schooling during the 1980s for their future economic security are now turning away from school. The findings indicate a continuing need to monitor the numbers of young people completing school and their backgrounds.
Fuzzy channel estimation in multipath fading CDMA channel

We study a multipath fading CDMA channel and introduce a fuzzy tracking method to estimate the complex channel coefficients in the downlink. The receiver is the conventional RAKE. The results given by the traditional alpha tracker, differential demodulation and known coefficients are compared to each other. In the presence of noisy conditions and many disturbing strong users, the fuzzy method seems promising.
Determinants of Zinc Potentiation on the α4 Subunit of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

We have shown previously that the function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can be modulated by zinc. This modulation varies from potentiation to inhibition, depending on receptor subunit composition and zinc concentration, with the α4β2 and α4β4 receptors displaying the most dramatic potentiation. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify glutamate 59 and histidine 162 on the rat α4 subunit as potential mediators of zinc potentiation. By modeling the extracellular domain of the receptor pentamer, we locate these residues to two subunit-subunit interfaces that alternate with the two acetylcholine-binding interfaces. Substitution of a cysteine at either position allows additional reduction of zinc potentiation upon treatment with the methanethiosulfonate reagents N-biotinoylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA-biotin) and [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate. Mutagenesis and methanethiosulfonate treatment are most effective at position 162, and the presence of zinc hinders the reaction of MTSEA-biotin with the substituted cysteine at this position, suggesting that α4His162 participates in forming a coordination site for zinc. Mutagenesis and methanethiosulfonate treatment are less effective at position 59, suggesting that whereas α4Glu59 may be near the zinc coordination site, it may not be participating in coordination of the zinc ion. It is noteworthy that the position of α4Glu59 within the neuronal nAChR is identical to that of a residue that lines the benzodiazepine-binding site on GABAA receptors. We suggest that the zinc potentiation sites on neuronal nAChRs are structurally and functionally similar to the benzodiazepine-binding sites on GABAA receptors.
Regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) promoter by butyrate in human intestinal epithelial cells: Involvement of NF‐κB pathway

Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the colon, constitutes the major fuel for colonocytes. We have earlier shown the role of apically localized monocarboxylate transporter isoform 1 (MCT1) in transport of butyrate into human colonic Caco‐2 cells. In an effort to study the regulation of MCT1 gene, we and others have cloned the promoter region of the MCT1 gene and identified cis elements for key transcription factors. A previous study has shown up‐regulation of MCT1 expression, and activity by butyrate in AA/C1 human colonic epithelial cells, however, the detailed mechanisms of this up‐regulation are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that butyrate, a substrate for MCT1, stimulates MCT1 promoter activity in Caco‐2 cells. This effect was dose dependent and specific to butyrate as other predominant SCFAs, acetate, and propionate, were ineffective. Utilizing progressive deletion constructs of the MCT1 promoter, we showed that the putative butyrate responsive elements are in the −229/+91 region of the promoter. Butyrate stimulation of the MCT1 promoter was found to be independent of PKC, PKA, and tyrosine kinases. However, specific inhibitors of the NF‐κB pathway, lactacystein (LC), and caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) significantly reduced the MCT1 promoter stimulation by butyrate. Also, butyrate directly stimulated NF‐κB‐dependent luciferase reporter activity. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) also stimulated MCT1 promoter activity, however, unlike butyrate, this stimulation was unaltered by the NF‐κB inhibitors. Further, the combined effect of butyrate, and TSA on MCT1 promoter activity was additive, indicating that their mechanisms of action were independent. Our results demonstrate the involvement of NF‐κB pathway in the regulation of MCT1 promoter activity by butyrate. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1452–1463, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Underwater optical and acoustic imaging: A time for fusion? a brief overview of the state-of-the-art

Underwater optical imaging has several drawbacks inherent to the physical medium such as light attenuation and turbidity. Sonars try to obviate those issues although, typically, they have lower resolutions. Combining visual and sonar data in underwater applications is still not popular, but researchers' interest in the topic is growing. However, with the advent of recent higher resolution sonar systems, the approach of combining/fusing information from both sensory modalities can bring improvements to underwater imaging. This has special interest for applications such as autonomous navigation, mapping and object recognition. In this paper we investigate the state of the art for these systems and present the most relevant approaches found in the literature.
A Markov Model for the Term Structure of Credit Risk Spreads

This paper provides a Markov model for the term structure of credit risk spreads. The model is based on Jarrow and Turnbull (1995) with the bankruptcy process following a discrete state space Markov chain in credit ratings. The parameters of this process are easily estimated using observable data. This model is useful for pricing and hedging corporate debt with imbedded options, for pricing and hedging OTC derivatives with counterparty risk, for pricing and hedging (foreign) government bonds subject to default risk (e.g., municipal bonds), for pricing and hedging credit derivatives, and for risk management.