Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks with Wireless Backhaul

In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous network in which a macro-cell tier is overlaid with a very dense tier of small cells. The macro-cell base station (BS) that applies a massive MIMO scheme not only serves the macro user equipment but also provides a wireless backhual for small-cell access points (APs). These APs serve their associated small-cell user equipment. A reverse time division duplex transmission protocol is utilized. To avoid interference toward the APs in the uplink (UL), regularized zero-forcing precoding combined with a projection technique is utilized at the BS in the downlink (DL). We derive deterministic expressions for ergodic UL and DL sum rates (SRs) under the assumption that perfect channel state information is available and use these results to optimize the spectrum division between radio access links and the wireless backhaul. Simulation results suggest that the deterministic SR approximations are accurate and that system performance can be significantly improved through the optimization of spectrum division.
Changes of Microrna Levels in Plasma of Patients with Rectal Cancer during Chemoradiotherapy

Since the response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer is heterogeneous, valid biomarkers are needed to monitor tumor response. Circulating microRNAs are promising candidates, however analyses of circulating microRNAs in rectal cancer are still rare. 111 patients with rectal cancer and 46 age-matched normal controls were enrolled. The expression levels of 30 microRNAs were analyzed in 17 pre-treatment patients’ plasma samples. Differentially regulated microRNAs were validated in 94 independent patients. For 52 of the 94 patients a paired comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment samples was performed. miR-17, miR-18b, miR-20a, miR-31, and miR-193a_3p, were significantly downregulated in pre-treatment plasma samples of patients with rectal cancer (p < 0.05). miR-29c, miR-30c, and miR-195 showed a trend of differential regulation. After validation, miR-31 and miR-30c were significantly deregulated by a decrease of expression. In 52 patients expression analyses of the 8 microRNAs in matched pre-treatment and post-treatment samples showed a significant decrease for all microRNAs (p < 0.05) after treatment. Expression levels of miR-31 and miR-30c could serve as valid biomarkers if validated in a prospective study. Plasma microRNA expression levels do not necessarily represent miRNA expression levels in tumor tissue. Also, expression levels of microRNAs change during multimodal therapy.
Intraspecific ecological niche divergence and reproductive shifts foster cytotype displacement and provide ecological opportunity to polyploids

Background and Aims Niche divergence between polyploids and their lower ploidy progenitors is one of the primary mechanisms fostering polyploid establishment and adaptive divergence. However, within-species chromosomal and reproductive variability have usually been neglected in community ecology and biodiversity analyses even though they have been recognized to play a role in the adaptive diversification of lineages. Methods We used Paspalum intermedium, a grass species with diverging genetic systems (diploidy vs. autopolyploidy, allogamy vs. autogamy and sexuality vs. apomixis), to recognize the causality of biogeographic patterns, adaptation and ecological flexibility of cytotypes. Chromosome counts and flow cytometry were used to characterize within-species genetic systems diversity. Environmental niche modelling was used to evaluate intraspecific ecological attributes associated with environmental and climatic factors and to assess correlations among ploidy, reproductive modes and ecological conditions ruling species' population dynamics, range expansion, adaptation and evolutionary history. Key Results Two dominant cytotypes non-randomly distributed along local and regional geographical scales displayed niche differentiation, a directional shift in niche optima and signs of disruptive selection on ploidy-related ecological aptitudes for the exploitation of environmental resources. Ecologically specialized allogamous sexual diploids were found in northern areas associated with higher temperature, humidity and productivity, while generalist autogamous apomictic tetraploids occurred in southern areas, occupying colder and less productive environments. Four localities with a documented shift in ploidy and four mixed populations in a zone of ecological transition revealed an uneven replacement between cytotypes. Conclusions Polyploidy and contrasting reproductive traits between cytotypes have promoted shifts in niche optima, and increased ecological tolerance and niche divergence. Ecologically specialized diploids maintain cytotype stability in core areas by displacing tetraploids, while broader ecological preferences and a shift from sexuality to apomixis favoured polyploid colonization in peripheral areas where diploids are displaced, and fostered the ecological opportunity for autotetraploids supporting range expansion to open southern habitats.
SCC: Semantic Context Cascade for Efficient Action Detection

Despite the recent advances in large-scale video analysis, action detection remains as one of the most challenging unsolved problems in computer vision. This snag is in part due to the large volume of data that needs to be analyzed to detect actions in videos. Existing approaches have mitigated the computational cost, but still, these methods lack rich high-level semantics that helps them to localize the actions quickly. In this paper, we introduce a Semantic Cascade Context (SCC) model that aims to detect action in long video sequences. By embracing semantic priors associated with human activities, SCC produces high-quality class-specific action proposals and prune unrelated activities in a cascade fashion. Experimental results in ActivityNet unveils that SCC achieves state-of-the-art performance for action detection while operating at real time.
Histopathological Finding of Burn Healing Using Ambarella Leaf (Spondias dulcis F.) and Coconut Oil on Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The aims of this research was to find out the histopathological finding of II B degree burns healing on rats (Rattus norvegicus) usingambarella leaf (Spondias dulcis F.) and coconut oil. Experimental animals used were 12 male Wistar strain rats,with the age of 2-3 months, and100-200 grams BW. This study used 4 treatment groups, each treatment consisted of 3 rats. The II B degree burns on the backs of rats madeusing electrical solder connected to the metal. Treatment was done 2 times a day for 21 days, P1 (double distilled water), P2 (ambarella leaf anddouble distilled water), P3 (coconut oil), and P4 (ambarella leaf and coconut oil). Skin sampling was performed on day 7, 14, and 21 forhistopathological preparations and then stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Parameters observed such as inflammatory reactions anddistribution of collagen tissue was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the P4 group contained fewer inflammatory cell infiltrationand more dense collagen tissue than group P1, P2, and P3. It can be concluded that group P4 (ambarella leaf and coconut oil) showshistopathological finding burns healing better than the other treatment groups. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: ambarella leaf, burns, coconut oil, healing
Teacher-Student Framework: a Reinforcement Learning Approach

We propose a reinforcement learning approach to learning to teach. Following Torrey and Taylor’s framework [18], an agent (the “teacher”) advises another one (the “student”) by suggesting actions the latter should take while learning a specific task in a sequential decision problem; the teacher is limited by a “budget” (the number of times such advice can be given). Our approach assumes a principled decision-theoretic setting; both the student and the teacher are modeled as reinforcement learning agents. We provide experimental results with the Mountain car domain, showing how our approach outperforms the heuristics proposed by Torrey and Taylor [18]. Moreover, we propose a technique for a student to take into account advice more efficiently and we experimentally show that performances are improved in Torrey and Taylor’s setting.
Gender identity, healthcare access, and risk reduction among Malaysia's mak nyah community

ABSTRACT Transgender women (TGW) face compounded levels of stigma and discrimination, resulting in multiple health risks and poor health outcomes. TGW identities are erased by forcing them into binary sex categories in society or treating them as men who have sex with men (MSM). In Malaysia, where both civil and religious law criminalise them for their identities, many TGW turn to sex work with inconsistent prevention methods, which increases their health risks. This qualitative study aims to understand how the identities of TGW sex workers shapes their healthcare utilisation patterns and harm reduction behaviours. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 male-to-female transgender (mak nyah) sex workers in Malaysia. Interviews were transcribed, translated into English, and analysed using thematic coding. Results suggest that TGW identity is shaped at an early age followed by incorporation into the mak nyah community where TGW were assisted in gender transition and introduced to sex work. While healthcare was accessible, it failed to address the multiple healthcare needs of TGW. Pressure for gender-affirming health procedures and fear of HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening led to potentially hazardous health behaviours. These findings have implications for developing holistic, culturally sensitive prevention and healthcare services for TGW.
Effect of endurance versus resistance training on quadriceps muscle dysfunction in COPD: a pilot study

Introduction Exercise is an important countermeasure to limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. The two major training modalities in COPD rehabilitation, endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT), may both be efficient in improving muscle strength, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life, but the effects on quadriceps muscle characteristics have not been thoroughly described. Methods Thirty COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 56% of predicted, standard deviation [SD] 14) were randomized to 8 weeks of ET or RT. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training intervention to assess muscle morphology and metabolic and angiogenic factors. Symptom burden, exercise capacity (6-minute walking and cycle ergometer tests), and vascular function were also assessed. Results Both training modalities improved symptom burden and exercise capacity with no difference between the two groups. The mean (SD) proportion of glycolytic type IIa muscle fibers was reduced after ET (from 48% [SD 11] to 42% [SD 10], P<0.05), whereas there was no significant change in muscle fiber distribution with RT. There was no effect of either training modality on muscle capillarization, angiogenic factors, or vascular function. After ET the muscle protein content of phosphofructokinase was reduced (P<0.05) and the citrate synthase content tended increase (P=0.08) but no change was observed after RT. Conclusion Although both ET and RT improve symptoms and exercise capacity, ET induces a more oxidative quadriceps muscle phenotype, counteracting muscle dysfunction in COPD.
New SRAM design using body bias technique for low‐power and high‐speed applications

In this paper, a new SRAM cell with body‐bias actively controlled by a control circuit and word line is introduced to realize low‐power and high‐speed applications. The cell uses two word lines, which vary between positive and negative voltage levels to control the body bias of cell's transistors. In this design, using a peripheral control circuit with the least possible number of transistors, the access time is decreased and also a trade‐off between static and dynamic power consumption is provided. Compared to a conventional SRAM cell, the proposed cell reduces the static power consumption by 82% and improves the read performance by 40% and the write performance by 27%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microsoft Kinect-based Continuous Performance Test: An Objective Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment

Background One of the major challenges in mental medical care is finding out new instruments for an accurate and objective evaluation of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early ADHD identification, severity assessment, and prompt treatment are essential to avoid the negative effects associated with this mental condition. Objective The aim of our study was to develop a novel ADHD assessment instrument based on Microsoft Kinect, which identifies ADHD cardinal symptoms in order to provide a more accurate evaluation. Methods A group of 30 children, aged 8-12 years (10.3 [SD 1.4]; male 70% [21/30]), who were referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit of the Department of Psychiatry at Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital (Madrid, Spain), were included in this study. Children were required to meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria of ADHD diagnosis. One of the parents or guardians of the children filled the Spanish version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) rating scale used in clinical practice. Each child conducted a Kinect-based continuous performance test (CPT) in which the reaction time (RT), the commission errors, and the time required to complete the reaction (CT) were calculated. The correlations of the 3 predictors, obtained using Kinect methodology, with respect to the scores of the SWAN scale were calculated. Results The RT achieved a correlation of -. 11, -. 29, and -. 37 with respect to the inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity factors of the SWAN scale. The correlations of the commission error with respect to these 3 factors were -. 03, . 01, and . 24, respectively. Conclusions Our findings show a relation between the Microsoft Kinect-based version of the CPT and ADHD symptomatology assessed through parental report. Results point out the importance of future research on the development of objective measures for the diagnosis of ADHD among children and adolescents.
Calcium-dependent binding of Myc to calmodulin

The bHLH-LZ (basic region/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper) oncoprotein Myc and the bHLH-LZ protein Max form a binary transcription factor complex controlling fundamental cellular processes. Deregulated Myc expression leads to neoplastic transformation and is a hallmark of most human cancers. The dynamics of Myc transcription factor activity are post-translationally coordinated by defined protein-protein interactions. Here, we present evidence for a second messenger controlled physical interaction between the Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) and all Myc variants (v-Myc, c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc). The predominantly cytoplasmic Myc:CaM interaction is Ca2+-dependent, and the binding site maps to the conserved bHLH domain of Myc. Ca2+-loaded CaM binds the monomeric and intrinsically disordered Myc protein with high affinity, whereas Myc:Max heterodimers show less, and Max homodimers no affinity for CaM. NMR spectroscopic analyses using alternating mixtures of 15N-labeled and unlabeled preparations of CaM and a monomeric Myc fragment containing the bHLH-LZ domain corroborate the biochemical results on the Myc:CaM interaction and confirm the interaction site mapping. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, addition of CaM does not affect high-affinity DNA-binding of Myc:Max heterodimers. However, cell-based reporter analyses and cell transformation assays suggest that increasing CaM levels enhance Myc transcriptional and oncogenic activities. Our results point to a possible involvement of Ca2+ sensing CaM in the fine-tuning of Myc function.
Evolution of Precision Medicine and Surgical Strategies for Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Aortopathy

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac malformation affecting 1–2% of people. BAV results from fusion of two adjacent aortic valve cusps, and is associated with dilatation of the aorta, known as bicuspid valve associated aortopathy. Bicuspid valve aortopathy is progressive and associated with catastrophic clinical events, such as aortic dissection and rupture. Therefore, frequent monitoring and early intervention with prophylactic surgical resection of the proximal aorta is often recommended. However, the specific pattern of aortopathy is highly variable among patients, with different segments of the ascending aorta being affected. Individual patient risks are sometimes difficult to predict. Resection strategies are informed by current surgical guidelines which are primarily based on aortic size and growth criteria. These criteria may not optimally reflect the risk of important aortic events. To address these issues in the care of patients with bicuspid valve aortopathy, our translational research group has focused on validating use of novel imaging techniques to establish non-invasive hemodynamic biomarkers for risk-stratifying BAV patients. In this article, we review recent efforts, successes, and ongoing challenges in the development of more precise and individualized surgical approaches for patients with bicuspid aortic valves and associated aortic disease.
Characterization and reduction of thermal boundary resistance of CVD-graphene interfaces

With development of nano-fabrication technology, feature size and dimension of microelectronics are approaching nanoscale. A phenomenon of this size-shrinking trend is that the properties of interfaces between contacting materials are becoming dominant factors affecting performance of microelectronics. Researchers have devoted countless efforts to investigate properties of materials at nanoscale, but knowledge about the interfaces is still insufficient. Graphene is considered as one of the miracle materials for next generation microelectronics due to its two-dimensional nature. The extraordinary high thermal conductivity and electron mobility of graphene attract researchers to integrate graphene into microelectronic devices. However, since graphene is just an atomic structure of one or a few atom layers, the interfaces between graphene and another kind of material strongly influence the performance of graphene based devices. This research selects thermal boundary resistance of graphene interfaces as the topic, which is very important for the thermal management in graphene microelectronics and even for the feasibility evaluation for other potential graphene applications. By the implementation of 3ω method, thermal boundary resistance, which is the basic index to evaluate thermal transport of interfaces, of several kinds of graphene interfaces is characterized, to evaluate thermal transport of the interfaces. The effects of interfacial interaction on the thermal boundary resistance are further explored. The formation of welladhesive interfaces is of great importance to realize graphene microelectronics. On the other hand, covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of graphene and the atoms of another contacting material assist the heat transfer across interfaces.
Rapid communication 10 Be ages from central east Greenland constrain the extent of the Greenland ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum

Traditional ice sheet reconstructions have suggested two distinctly different ice sheet regimes along the East Greenland continental margin during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM): ice to the shelf break south of Scoresby Sund and ice extending no further than to the inner shelf at and north of Scoresby Sund. We report new 10 Be ages from erratic boulders perched at 250 m a.s. l. on the Kap Brewster peninsula at the mouth of Scoresby Sund. The average 10 Be ages, calculated with an assumed maximum erosion rate of 1 cm/ka and no erosion (respectively, 17.372.3 ka and 15.171.7 ka) overlap with a period of increased sediment input to the Scoresby Sund fan (19–15 ka). The results presented here suggest that ice reached at least 250 m a.s. l. at the mouth of Scoresby Sund during the LGM and add to a growing body of evidence indicating that LGM ice extended onto the outer shelf in northeast Greenland. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish

Zebrafish possess the remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts as adults, which contrasts the very limited ability in mammals. Although very limited, mammalian hearts do in fact have measurable levels of cardiomyocyte regeneration. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of zebrafish heart regeneration would provide information of naturally occurring regeneration to potentially apply to mammalian studies, in addition to addressing this biologically interesting phenomenon in itself. Studies over the past 13 years have identified processes and mechanisms of heart regeneration in zebrafish. After heart injury, pre‐existing cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and repair the injured myocardium. This process requires interaction with epicardial cells, endocardial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Epicardial cells envelope the heart, while endocardial cells make up the inner lining of the heart. They provide paracrine signals to cardiomyocytes to regenerate the injured myocardium, which is vascularized during heart regeneration. In addition, accumulating results suggest that local migration of these major cardiac cell types have roles in heart regeneration. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various heart injury methods used in the research community and regeneration of the major cardiac cell types. Then, we discuss local migration of these cardiac cell types and immune cells during heart regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 245:774–787, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benefit of switching dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: the TOPIC (timing of platelet inhibition after acute coronary syndrome) randomized study

Aims Newer P2Y12 blockers (prasugrel and ticagrelor) demonstrated significant ischaemic benefit over clopidogrel after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, both drugs are associated with an increase in bleeding complications. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the benefit of switching dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) from aspirin plus a newer P2Y12 blocker to aspirin plus clopidogrel 1 month after ACS. Methods and results We performed an open-label, monocentric, and randomized trial. From March 2014 to April 2016, patients admitted with ACS requiring coronary intervention, on aspirin and a newer P2Y12 blocker and without adverse event at 1 month, were assigned to switch to aspirin and clopidogrel (switched DAPT) or continuation of their drug regimen (unchanged DAPT). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, urgent revascularization, stroke and bleeding as defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) classification ≥2 at 1 year post ACS. Six hundred and forty six patients were randomized and 645 analysed, corresponding to 322 patients in the switched DAPT and 323 in the unchanged DAPT group. The primary endpoint occurred in 43 (13.4%) patients in the switched DAPT group and in 85 (26.3%) patients in the unchanged DAPT (HR 95%CI 0.48 (0.34-0.68), P < 0.01). No significant differences were reported on ischaemic endpoints, while BARC ≥ 2 bleeding occurred in 13 (4.0%) patients in the switched DAPT and in 48 (14.9%) in the unchanged DAPT group (HR 95%CI 0.30 (0.18-0.50), P < 0.01). Conclusion A switched DAPT is superior to an unchanged DAPT strategy to prevent bleeding complications without increase in ischaemic events following ACS.