Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Single Conserved Leucine Residue on the First Intracellular Loop Regulates ER Export of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors

The intrinsic structural determinants for export trafficking of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been mainly identified in the termini of the receptors. In this report, we determined the role of the first intracellular loop (ICL1) in the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface of GPCRs. The α2B‐adrenergic receptor (AR) mutant lacking the ICL1 is unable to traffic to the cell surface and to initiate signaling measured as ERK1/2 activation. Mutagenesis studies identify a single Leu48 residue in the ICL1 modulates α2B‐AR export from the ER. The ER export function of the Leu48 residue can be substituted by Phe, but not Ile, Val, Tyr and Trp, and is unlikely involved in correct folding or dimerization of α2B‐AR in the ER. Importantly, the isolated Leu residue is remarkably conserved in the center of the ICL1s among the family A GPCRs and is also required for the export to the cell surface of β2‐AR, α1B‐AR and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. These data indicate a crucial role for a single Leu residue within the ICL1 in ER export of GPCRs.
Properties of cavity-backed patch antennas with homogeneous and inhomogeneous ferromagnetic, bianisotropic, and chiral substrates

The main radiation and scattering properties of cavity backed microstrip patch antennas loaded by homogeneous and inhomogeneous chiral, ferromagnetic and bianisotropic materials are investigated in this paper. The theoretical approach used is based on the variational formulation applied to a cavity filled by an arbitrary number of layers and in presence of an arbitrary number of metallizations (i.e. patches and ground planes of finite dimensions). In order to numerically solve the stationary equation for the electromagnetic field, a Finite Element Method (FEM) in conjunction with a Boundary Element Method (BEM) is applied and the main scattering and radiation features of the cavity antenna are straightforwardly carried out. Some numerical results showing the effects of different complex media on the radiation pattern, on the input impedance and on the radar cross section of multi-layered cavity antennas are, finally, presented. Such results show that chiral materials allow to reduce the antenna size for a fixed working frequency increasing, besides, the cross-polarization levels. Some bianisotropic materials, instead, allow to obtain the same size reduction as chiral media without degrading the cross-polarization purity.
Relationship between the mechanical properties of epoxy/PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA block copolymer blends and their three-dimensional nanostructures

Nanostructures of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy/poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-bpoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA) triblock copolymer (BCP) blends were studied in relation to their mechanical properties. Three types of self-assembled nanostructures, such as spheres, random cylinders, and curved lamella, were controlled in phenol novolac-cured epoxy blends with a wide range of BCP content. Three types of nanostructures were observed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The 3D-TEM, dynamic viscoelastic analyses, and theoretical model on the elastic modulus clarified that the spheres and the random cylinders, consisted of epoxy-immiscible PnBA phases, were discontinuously dispersed in the epoxy matrix. In contrast, the curved lamella formed co-continuous nanostructure, in which both the PnBA and epoxy phases formed continuous channels. The fracture toughness (critical strain energy release rate, GIC) and the flexural moduli of elasticity (E) of the cured blends were evaluated for various amounts of BCP content. The highest GIC was obtained from the random cylindrical nanostructured blends in the three types of nanostructures with the same PnBA content. The lowest E was obtained for the curved lamella with co-continuous nanostructures. The details of deformation and fracture events were observed using optical and electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties are discussed in relation to the nanostructures.
Morphological and structural properties of neutron-irradiated B12C3 boron carbide microcrystals

ABSTRACT Boron carbide B12C3 microcrystals were neutron irradiated at four different fluences, namely at 1.09, 2.19, 3.28 and 4.38 × 1016 n cm−2. The structural properties were studied by means of Raman spectroscopy, revealing that the neutron induced structural defects are focused toward the interstitial chains of B12C3. The morphology of the B12C3 samples was studied by means of secondary electron imaging showing that the neutron irradiation did not modify the size distribution of the microcrystals.
Glucose tolerance and lipid profile in longterm exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism and the effects of restoration of euthyroidism, a randomised controlled trial

Objective The impact of prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism on glucose and lipid metabolism is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) on TSH suppressive thyroxine therapy as a model for subclinical hyperthyroidism and investigated whether restoration to euthyroidism affects metabolism.
Towards semi-supervised learning of semantic spatial concepts

The ability of building robust semantic space representations of environments is crucial for the development of truly autonomous robots. This task, inherently connected with cognition, is traditionally achieved by training the robot with a supervised learning phase. We argue that the design of robust and autonomous systems would greatly benefit from adopting a semi-supervised online learning approach. Indeed, the support of open-ended, lifelong learning is fundamental in order to cope with the dazzling variability of the real world, and online learning provides precisely this kind of ability. Here we focus on the robot place recognition problem, and we present an online place classification algorithm that is able to detect gap in its own knowledge based on a confidence measure. For every incoming new image frame, the method is able to decide if (a) it is a known room with a familiar appearance, (b) it is a known room with a challenging appearance, or (c) it is a new, unknown room. Experiments on a subset of the challenging COLD database show the promise of our approach.
Uso del método de resistografía para la predicción de la densidad básica de la madera en árboles en pie de Pinus radiata

espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion fue desarrollar modelos de estimacion de la densidad basica de la madera a nivel de arbol completo y a diferentes alturas de arboles de Pinus radiata, a partir de la resistencia de la madera medida con el resistografo, a la altura del pecho a 1,3 m sobre el nivel suelo (DAP). Se utilizo una muestra de 29 arboles de 15 anos de edad, obtenidos al azar, en un ensayo clonal establecido en la Region del Bio-Bio, Chile. Para cada arbol, en seis diferentes alturas relativas del fuste, se determino la resistencia de la madera y la densidad basica, a partir de 174 mediciones realizadas con el resistografo y en muestras de rodelas. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que tanto la densidad basica como la resistencia de la madera disminuyeron significativamente en funcion de la altura del arbol, en la direccion base y altura comercial, en un 16,8% y 38,5%, respectivamente. Los valores de resistencia media determinados al DAP, presentaron una variacion entre arboles de 11% y 19%. Se genero un modelo que estima la densidad basica a nivel de arbol completo utilizando como unica variable predictora la resistencia media de la madera medida al DAP, con un error de estimacion de 11,9 kg/m3, el cual no disminuye al incorporar variables de estado de arbol (DAP y HT). A partir de este modelo se genero un metodo para estimar la densidad basica en diferentes secciones del arbol. EnglishThe objective of this research was to develop models for estimation of the basic density of wood at full tree level and at different heights of Pinus radiata standing trees, measured from the wood resistance using the resistography at DBH level. A sample of 29 trees of 15 years old was used for the experiment. The trees were selected in a clonal field test established in the Bio-Bio Region, Chile. For each tree, 174 measurements were made with the resistograph and wood disks were obtained to determine the wood resistance and the basic density at six different relative heights of the stem. As a result, a significant decrease of the basic density and resistance of the wood was observed, from the base to the apex of the trees, with values of 16,8% and 38,5% of decrease, respectively for each variable. The average for the resistance values determined at DBH varied between 11% and 19% among the measured trees. A prediction model was generated to estimate the basic density at the tree level using the average resistance of the wood measured to the DBH. The adjustment parameters of the model was a root mean square error value of 11,9 kg/m3, which did not decrease when other variables of tree (DBH or total height) were incorporated. As a main conclusion, a new method to estimate the wood basic density at different sections of the tree was generated using the adjusted model.
Fabrication and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves Mucilage Sustained Release Matrix Tablets

The main objective of the present study was to develop matrix tablets of Diclofenac sodium with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage and to study its functionality as a matrix forming material for sustained release tablet formulations. Physicochemical properties of dried, powdered mucilage of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were studied. Various formulations of Diclofenac sodium Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage were prepared. The formulated matrix tablets found to have better uniformity of weight and drug content with low SD values. The swelling behavior, release rate characteristics and the dissolution study proved that the dried Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage can be used as a matrix forming material for making Sustained release matrix tablets. The drug release from selected DHR-5 formulation was by zero order kinetics. Thus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage can be used as an effective matrix former, to sustain the release of Diclofenac sodium.
Global Optimization Using Meta-Controlled Boltzmann Machine

In this study, a new artificial neuron network model called the meta-controlled Boltzmann machine is introduced. The meta-controlled Boltzmann machine model includes the McCulloch-Pitts model, the Hop field network, and also the Boltzmann machine. The proposed method are applied both diffusion processes and simulated annealing. The convergence proof of the proposed method is shows in this paper. Meta-controlled Boltzmann machine show an ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems better than either Hop field networks or Boltzmann machines.
Scalar Field Modeling & Visualization on the Intel Delta'

We describe the parallelization of 3D scalar field modeling/visualization programs on a MIMD machine using message passing. The 3D scalar field is a 3D cuberille volume of scalar intensities such as parallel image slices of CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) data. The cuberille volume is divided into small subcubes. Each subcube is approximaled by a trivariate cubic polynomial func­ tion. These polynomial functions are constructed to locally achieve Cl continuity on the shared faces of the cubes, and provide a compact interior representation (model) of the entire volume image data. The paral~ lclization is based on a "multi-host" partition scheme. Several possible partition methods are discussed, and our method is justified in terms of efficiency and low I/O overhead. Several strategies were implemented to eliminate or alleviate the problems usually associated with "host-slave" partition scheme. Our implementa­ tion shows efficient utilization of all nodes with good scalability.
Phosphorus compounds in animal tissues; the distribution of nucleic acids and other phosphorus-containing compounds in normal and malignant tissues.

Malignant tissues are distinguished from other types of tissues by their capacity for relatively unlimited and uncontrolled growth in the organism. The reason why neoplastic tissues grow continually, in contrast to embryonic tissues which grow only up to a certain point before they begin to differentiate, is a fundamental problem of cancer research. A study of the synthetic mechanisms of the cell is a logical approach to this problem. In this connection the nucleic acids have a special significance since the measurement of these compounds by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometry has demonstrated fluctuations in the nucleic acid content of the nucleus during the mitotic cycle and high concentrations of nucleic acid in the cytoplasm of cells which are actively dividing or which are engaged in protein synthesis (2-6). Although the spectrophotometric method is extremely sensitive and permits the measurement of the nucleic acids in small portions of single cells, the results of such measurements are open to criticism on the ground that the method is not sufficiently specific. The results obtained by the physical method can, however, be tested experimentally by less sensitive but more specific chemical methods. Recently a method for the extraction of the nucleic acids from animal tissues and their estimation by colorimetric reactions was described (13) and the nucleic acid contents of homologous normal and cancer tissues were determined (14). It was found that the cancer tissues contained much higher concentrations of nucleic acids than did the normal tissues. In the present report, the results have been extended to include a larger number of normal and malignant tissues.
Renal xenografts from triple-transgenic pigs are not hyperacutely rejected but cause coagulopathy in non-immunosuppressed baboons.

BACKGROUND The genetic modification of pigs is a powerful strategy that may ultimately enable successful xenotransplantation of porcine organs into humans. METHODS Transgenic pigs were produced by microinjection of gene constructs for human complement regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59 and the enzyme alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase (H-transferase, HT), which reduces expression of the major xenoepitope galactose-alpha1,3-galactose (alphaGal). Kidneys from CD55/HT and CD55/CD59/HT transgenic pigs were transplanted into nephrectomised, nonimmunosuppressed adult baboons. RESULTS In several lines of transgenic pigs, CD55 and CD59 were expressed strongly in all tissues examined, whereas HT expression was relatively weak and did not significantly reduce alphaGal. Control nontransgenic kidneys (n=4) grafted into baboons were hyperacutely rejected within 1 hr. In contrast, kidneys from CD55/HT pigs (n=2) were rejected after 30 hr, although kidneys from CD55/CD59/HT pigs (n=6) maintained function for up to 5 days. In the latter grafts, infiltration by macrophages, T cells, and B cells was observed at days 3 and 5 posttransplantation. The recipients developed thrombocytopenia and abnormalities in coagulation, manifested in increased clotting times and an elevation in the plasma level of the fibrin degradation product D-dimer, within 2 days of transplantation. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin prevented profound thrombocytopenia but not the other aspects of coagulopathy. CONCLUSIONS Strong expression of CD55 and CD59 completely protected porcine kidneys from hyperacute rejection and allowed a detailed analysis of xenograft rejection in the absence of immunosuppression. Coagulopathy appears to be a common feature of pig-to-baboon renal transplantation and represents yet another major barrier to its clinical application.
Smoothing Methods and Semismooth Methods for Nondifferentiable Operator Equations

We consider superlinearly convergent analogues of Newton methods for nondifferentiable operator equations in function spaces. The superlinear convergence analysis of semismooth methods for nondifferentiable equations described by a locally Lipschitzian operator in Rn is based on Rademacher's theorem which does not hold in function spaces. We introduce a concept of slant differentiability and use it to study superlinear convergence of smoothing methods and semismooth methods in a unified framework. We show that a function is slantly differentiable at a point if and only if it is Lipschitz continuous at that point. An application to the Dirichlet problems for a simple class of nonsmooth elliptic partial differential equations is discussed.
How Well Can We Detect Lineage-Specific Diversification-Rate Shifts? A Simulation Study of Sequential AIC Methods

Evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by the extreme differences in species numbers across branches of the Tree of Life. This has motivated the development of statistical methods for detecting shifts in the rate of lineage diversification across the branches of phylogenic trees. One of the most frequently used methods, MEDUSA, explores a set of diversification-rate models, where each model assigns branches of the phylogeny to a set of diversification-rate categories. Each model is first fit to the data, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is then used to identify the optimal diversification model. Surprisingly, the statistical behavior of this popular method is uncharacterized, which is a concern in light of: (1) the poor performance of the AIC as a means of choosing among models in other phylogenetic contexts; (2) the ad hoc algorithm used to visit diversification models, and; (3) errors that we reveal in the likelihood function used to fit diversification models to the phylogenetic data. Here, we perform an extensive simulation study demonstrating that MEDUSA (1) has a high false-discovery rate (on average, spurious diversification-rate shifts are identified ≈30% of the time), and (2) provides biased estimates of diversification-rate parameters. Understanding the statistical behavior of MEDUSA is critical both to empirical researchers—in order to clarify whether these methods can make reliable inferences from empirical datasets—and to theoretical biologists—in order to clarify the specific problems that need to be solved in order to develop more reliable approaches for detecting shifts in the rate of lineage diversification. [Akaike information criterion; extinction; lineage-specific diversification rates; phylogenetic model selection; speciation. ]
Type-Based Static and Dynamic Website Verification

Maintaining large Web sites and verifying their semantic content is a difficult task. In this paper we propose a framework for syntactic validation, semantic verification and automatic correction of Web sites based on the logic programming language XCentric. Here we purpose a new approach conciliating the highly declarative model of XCentric with compile and run time verification techniques, mainly based on type checking to automatically repair and audit Web sites. The result is an easy to follow model to improve and audit Web site content.
The Moderating Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and Suicidal Behavior Among Trauma Exposed Substance Users in Residential Treatment

The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) is associated with greater risk for suicidal behavior than either disorder alone. Research highlights the relevance of PTSD symptoms in particular to suicide risk within this population. Research has also provided support for an association between distress tolerance (DT) and both PTSD symptoms and suicidal behavior. This study examined the role of DT in the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and suicidal behavior in a sample of 164 SUD inpatients with a history of Criterion A traumatic exposure. Results indicated that DT moderated the relationship between PTSD symptoms (overall, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal) and medically attended suicide attempts, with the magnitude of the relationship increasing at higher levels of DT.
Interaction of the ERC Family of RIM-binding Proteins with the Liprin-α Family of Multidomain Proteins*

Liprin-α/SYD-2 is a family of multidomain proteins with four known isoforms. One of the reported functions of liprin-α is to regulate the development of presynaptic active zones, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report that liprin-α directly interacts with the ERC (ELKS-Rab6-interacting protein-CAST) family of proteins, members of which are known to bind RIMs, the active zone proteins that regulate neurotransmitter release. In vitro results indicate that ERC2/CAST, an active zone-specific isoform, interacts with all of the known isoforms of liprin-α and that liprin-α1 associates with both ERC2 and ERC1b, a splice variant of ERC1 that distributes to both cytosolic and active zone regions. ERC2 colocalizes with liprin-α1 in cultured neurons and forms a complex with liprin-α1 in brain. Liprin-α1, when expressed alone in cultured neurons, shows a partial synaptic localization. When coexpressed with ERC2, however, liprin-α1 is redistributed to synaptic sites. Moreover, roughly the first half of ERC2, which contains the liprin-α-binding region, is sufficient for the synaptic localization of liprin-α1 while the second half is not. These results suggest that the interaction between ERC2 and liprin-α may be involved in the presynaptic localization of liprin-α and the molecular organization of presynaptic active zones.
LAOF: A New Framework to Efficiently Process Business Objects on Resource Constrained Mobile Phones

The increase in the number of mobile device users has led to an increased demand for mobile business applications. One of the main challenges in developing mobile business applications is to efficiently process business data in the resource constrained environment of mobile phones. Current approaches are seriously limited by the non-guaranteed quality of network connections or the restricted processing capabilities of mobile phones. We propose a lightweight asynchronous online framework (LAOF) that merges the benefits of both online and offline models. In our approach, business data is partially and lazily replicated to mobile phones. The mobile application executes read-only operations locally and tentatively simulates local responses to write operations before asynchronously executing on the remote server. The LAOF improves the traditional lazy replication approach by 1) efficiently compressing business data for mobile applications, 2) separating the consistency requirements for responses and business data, and 3) providing an approach that guarantees causal dependency for the asynchronous execution of write operations on the server side. In addition, we also demonstrate a sample application based on this approach and use it to evaluate the framework.