Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Partial and Paraconsistent Logics

In this paper we consider the theory of predicate logics in which the principle of bivalence or the principle of noncontradiction or both fail. Such logics are partial or paraconsistent or both. We consider sequent calculi for these logics and prove model existence. For L 4 , the most general logic under consideration, we also prove a version of the Craig-Lyndon Interpolation Theorem. The paper shows that many techniques used for classical predicate logic generalize to partial and paraconsistent logics once the right setup is chosen. Our logic L 4 has a semantics that also underlies Belnap’s logic and is related to the logic of bilattices. L 4 is in focus most of the time, but it is also shown how results obtained for L 4 can be transferred to several variants.
A new approach using hidden Markov model for generating movie captions to aid the hearing impaired, which is capable of visual encoding emotional information

Movie captions comprised of pure text or some restricted selection of symbols, as produced today for movies and television are, by themselves are not capable of conveying to the hearing impaired valuable information encoded into the sound-track, namely, dialogue tone, music aliveness and background sounds atmosphere. This drastically reduces the capacity of the hearing impaired to have a better understanding and appreciation on what is truly happening in the program or movie, he is currently watching. The present paper introduces a new approach that affords captions with the expression power of conveying to the hearing impaired a great deal of the lost emotional content from the sound-tracks. Some experimental examples are provided and also commented upon.
Chemical and Physical Properties, Safety and Application of Partially Hydrolized Guar Gum as Dietary Fiber

The ideal water-soluble dietary fiber for the fiber-enrichment of foods must be very low in viscosity, tasteless, odorless, and should produce clear solutions in beverages. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) produced from guar gum by enzymatic process has the same chemical structure with intact guar gum but less than one-tenth the original molecular length of guar gum, which make available to be used as film former, foam stabilizer and swelling agent. The viscosity of PHGG is about 10 mPa·s in 5% aqueous solution, whereas 1% solution of guar gum shows range from 2,000 to 3,000 mPa·s. In addition, PHGG is greatly stable against low pH, heat, acid and digestive enzyme. For these reasons, PHGG seems to be one of the most beneficial dietary fiber materials. It also showed that interesting physiological functions still fully exert the nutritional function of a dietary fiber. PHGG has, therefore, been used primarily for a nutritional purpose and became fully integrated food material without altering the rheology, taste, texture and color of final products. PHGG named as Benefiber® in USA has self-affirmation on GRAS status of standard grade PHGG. PHGG named as Sunfiber® is now being used in various beverages, food products and medicinal foods as a safe, natural and functional dietary fiber in all over the world.
Analysis of the effect of a mean velocity field on a mean field dynamo

We study semi-analytically and in a consistent manner the generation of a mean velocity field U by helical magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence, and the effect that this field can have on a mean field dynamo. Assuming a prescribed, maximally helical small-scale velocity field, we show that large-scale flows can be generated in MHD turbulent flows via small-scale Lorentz force. These flows back-react on the mean electromotive force of a mean field dynamo through new terms, leaving the original a and β terms explicitly unmodified. Cross-helicity plays the key role in interconnecting all the effects. In the minimal T closure that we chose to work with, the effects are stronger for large relaxation times.
An Efficiency Pipeline Processing Approach for OpenFlow Switch

One primary component of OpenFlow switches is a pipeline of flow tables. Flows are directed through the pipeline by looking up a matched rule in each table. Sequentially, Packet matching starts at table 0 and continues to additional tables of the pipeline if necessary. The lookup stops when one flow entry is matched or the end of pipeline is reached. Though effective, this manner of processing is not efficient when popular rules are installed in back tables. If frequently matched rules appear earlier in the pipeline, the procedure of lookup and comparison can be improved. Unfortunately, a simple sorting algorithm is not feasible. In this paper, we formalize the problem of reducing lookup times, which is proven to be NP-hard. A heuristic approach, MILE(migrating flow rules), is proposed to minimize the average number of lookups. Experimental results show that MILE is able to reduce table lookups by 50%.
Assessing the Importance of Male and Female Part-Time Work for the Gender Earnings Gap in Britain

This study examines the role of individual characteristics, occupation, industry, region, and workplace characteristics in accounting for differences in hourly earnings between men and women in full and part-time jobs in Britain. A four-way gender-working time split (male full-timers, male part-timers, female full-timers and female part-timers) is considered, and allowance is explicitly made for the possibility of both workplace and occupational segregation across each group. Individual and workplace characteristics are shown to explain much of the earnings gaps examined. Within gender groups, the striking difference between full and part-time employees is that full-timers work in higher paying occupations than do part-timers. Also, occupational segregation makes a significant contribution to the earnings gap between male and female part-time employees but not for full-time workers. A further new result is that female workplace segregation contributes significantly to the full/part time earnings gap of both males and females. Part-time employees work in more feminised workplaces and their earnings are lower. By contrast, occupational segregation has little impact on the full-time/part-time earnings gap of either males or females. There remains, moreover, a substantial residual gender effect between male and female employees.
Robotic Anesthesia – A Vision for the Future of Anesthesia

Summary This narrative review describes a rationale for robotic anesthesia. It offers a first classification of robotic anesthesia by separating it into pharmacological robots and robots for aiding or replacing manual gestures. Developments in closed loop anesthesia are outlined. First attempts to perform manual tasks using robots are described. A critical analysis of the delayed development and introduction of robots in anesthesia is delivered.
Optimal Transmission Using Smart Antennas

We study the design of beamformers for transmission from a number of base stations to a number of user terminals. Since every transmitted signal will cause interference at all the other user terminals, an optimal beamformer design must be determined jointly for all the beamformers. We review two algorithms that provide an optimal set of downlink beamformers. We also show how to determine not only the beamforming vectors but also the optimal allocation of user terminals to base stations.
Context in Enterprise Search and Delivery

Context plays an important role in information processing process. Context has always been elicited and exploited when librarians helped us to look for information, but current information retrieval systems proceed in blissful ignorance of who we are and what we are trying to achieve. The continuing series of workshops in context attempts to redress the problem. In this paper we look at how context can help when finding information in the enterprise.
Use of RT-Defective HIV Virions: New Tool to Evaluate Specific Response in Chronic Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals

Background Generation of new reagents that can be used to screen or monitor HIV-1-specific responses constituted an interesting field in the development of HIV vaccines to improve their efficacy. Methods We have evaluated the specific T cell response against different types of NL4-3 virions (including NL4-3 aldrithiol-2 treated, NL4-3/ΔRT and R5 envelopes: NL4-3/ΔRT/ΔEnv[AC10] and NL4-3/ΔRT/ΔEnv[Bal]) and against pools of overlapping peptides (15 mer) encompassing the HIV-1 Gag and Nef regions. Cryopreserved PBMC from a subset of 69 chronic asymptomatic HIV positive individuals have been employed using different techniques including IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, surface activation markers and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) by flow cytometry. Results The differential response obtained against NL4-3 aldrithiol-2 treated and NL4-3/ΔRT virions (25% vs 55%, respectively) allow us to divide the population in three groups: “full-responders” (positive response against both viral particles), “partial-responders” (positive response only against NL4-3/ΔRT virions) and “non-responders” (negative responses). There was no difference between X4 and R5 envelopes. The magnitude of the total responses was higher against NL4-3/ΔRT and was positively correlated with gender and inverse correlated with viral load. On the contrary CD4+ T cell count was not associated with this response. In any case responses to the viruses tended to be lower in magnitude than those detected by the overlapping peptides tested. Finally we have found an increased frequency of HLA-B27 allele (23% vs 9%) and a significant reduction in some activation markers (CD69 and CD38) on T cells surface in responders vs non-responders individuals. Conclusions In summary these virions could be considered as alternative and useful reagents for screening HIV-1-specific T cell responses in HIV exposed uninfected people, HIV infected patients and to assess immunogenicity of new prototypes both in vitro and in vaccine trials, by a feasible, simply, effective and low cost assay.
Covert Events and Qualia Structures for German Verbs

Sentences like The author began the book (logical metonymies) involve the interpretation of covert events which are not explicitly realized on the surface (→ The author began writing the book). Qualia-based accounts of logical metonymies (Pustejovsky, 1991, 1995) account for such covert events using complex lexical entities (qualia structures) for the objects. We present a corpus study for the German verbs geniessen, anfangen (mit), beginnen (mit), aufhören (mit), based on data obtained from the deWaC corpus. In order to evaluate to what extent covert events in logical metonymies can be accounted for by qualia structures, instances of logical metonymies for these verbs were collected; paraphrases for the covert events were then manually annotated and compared with the qualia structures of the objects. We also analyzed sentences where the event was made explicit (long forms: The author began writing the book), comparing those events with the qualia events. We contrasted results for the two structures (metonymies long forms) and across verbs, evaluating what sort of contribution qualia can make to logical metonymy resolution and what issues it poses.
CORE CURRICULUM, NOSTALGIA, AND ANOMIE

What follows is a speech given to a conference on core curriculum in late October 1981, at Concordia University in Montreal. Anyone who has read or heard Edgar Friedenberg will know that his language is a bobby-dazzler - to use the accolade of Scottish soccer fans. That is to say, there is a display of bewildering skill - full of feints, seductions, and sheer speed - that achieves its aim and your entertainment at the same time. While you look the other way, bedazzled, he scores a winning point. That point here is that schools have no option but to bow to the particular culture from which they spring, to teach that culture's ideology through an efficient core curriculum, and at least to do it well, without pretending that it is anything but cultural hegemony that they serve. RESUME L'article qui suit est la reprise d'un discours prononce a l'universite Concordia a Montreal au mois d'octobre 1981 sur les programmes de tronc commun. Quiconque a deja lu ou entendu Edgar Friedenberg n'ignore pas qu'il utilise une langue des plus colorees qui cree un veritable effet de surprise chez ses auditeurs ou lecteurs. Ceux-ci, desarsonnes par la rapidite de son elocution, ses feintes, et ses jeux de seduction, se laissent prendre et lui font marquer un point. Ce point est que les ecoles n'ont pas d'autre choix que de se plier a la culture qui les a engendrees, d'enseigner l'ideologie de cette culture par le biais d'un programme de tronc commun efficace et au moins de le bien faire sans pretendre qu'elle sert autre chose que l'hegemonie culturelle au sein de laquelle elle se trouve.
TOWARDS A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING COMPLEX SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS IMPACTING PERFORMANCE OF NASA AERONAUTICS MISSIONS

Problems endemic to 21 st century complex systems are inherently multidisciplinary and require more holistic approaches to address their high levels of uncertainty, ambiguity, and emergence. These holistic approaches must expand beyond a technology-centric focus. They must span the array of technology, organizational, managerial, social, policy, and political boundaries that influence analysis and solution development, impact solution deployment, and affect solution sustainability. For the NASA Aeronautics Research (ARMD) mission of safer, secure, efficient, and environmentally friendly air transportation systems; this suggests continually grappling with development of complex system solutions and their corresponding issues. Systems-based approaches offer insights into complex system problems. However, the literature shows that methods to support rigorous identification of multidisciplinary system issues affecting performance can be significantly enhanced from a more holistic grounding in systems theory. To identify complex system issues affecting ARMD, this research proposes the use of systems theory as a foundation for identifying metasystem pathologies as deviations from the 'healthy' status of systems. This paper presents the nature of complex system problems, limitations of current systems-based methodologies to deal with those problems, and outlines a research direction that aims to develop and deploy a method to identify and represent complex system pathologies.
Emergent Requirements for Supporting Introductory Programming

Abstract The problems associated with learning and teaching first year University Computer Science (CS1) programming classes are summarized showing that various support tools and techniques have been developed and evaluated. From this review of applicable support the paper derives ten requirements that a support tool should have in order to improve CS1 student success rate with respect to learning and understanding.
What we write about when we write about causality: Features of causal statements across large-scale social discourse

Identifying and communicating relationships between causes and effects is important for understanding our world, but is affected by language structure, cognitive and emotional biases, and the properties of the communication medium. Despite the increasing importance of social media, much remains unknown about causal statements made online. To study real-world causal attribution, we extract a large-scale corpus of causal statements made on the Twitter social network platform as well as a comparable random control corpus. We compare causal and control statements using statistical language and sentiment analysis tools. We find that causal statements have a number of significant lexical and grammatical differences compared with controls and tend to be more negative in sentiment than controls. Causal statements made online tend to focus on news and current events, medicine and health, or interpersonal relationships, as shown by topic models. By quantifying the features and potential biases of causality communication, this study improves our understanding of the accuracy of information and opinions found online.
Saturated min-sum decoding: An “afterburner” for LDPC decoder hardware

LDPC codes are usually decoded by iterative belief propagation. However especially for small block lengths conventional belief propagation exhibits significant losses in signal-to-noise ratio compared to maximum likelihood decoding. In this paper we propose the combination of a conventional min-sum decoder enhanced by an advanced decoding scheme, that acts as a kind of “afterburner” to improve the frame error rate. We present hardware architectures and implementation results for a 28nm ASIC technology. The new decoder has a slightly higher complexity, but provides a gain of up to 1.6 dB signal-to-noise ratio over conventional belief propagation decoding for short block length. In addition, we show, that the new decoder implementation can decrease the amount of dark silicon.
Vowel recognition based on frequency ranges determined by bandwidth approach

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has made great strides with the development of digital signal processing hardware and software especially using English as the language of choice. In this paper, a new feature extraction method is presented to identify vowels recorded from 80 Malaysian speakers. The features were obtained from vocal tract model based on bandwidth (BW) approach. Bandwidth approach identifies frequency bands based on the first peak of vowel frequency responses. Mean and maximum energies were calculated from these Bandwidth frequency bands. Classification results from bandwidth approach were compared with the first 3-formant features using Linear Predictive method. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were used to classify the vowels. MLR and MLP shows comparable classification results for BW approach of 96.40% and 96.59% respectively. Bandwidth approach obtained 5.49% higher classification rate than 3-formant features using MLP.
Social problem solving as a mediator and a moderator of the link between stress and psychological well-being Stres ve psikolojik iyi olma arasındaki ilişkide sosyal problem çözmenin aracı ve düzenleyici rolü

The main purpose of this was to investigate the role of social problem solving as a mediator or a moderator of percieved stress and psychological well-being in university students. The participants of this study consisted of 350 females and 164 males, a total of 514 university students. Their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. Data were collected by using the Percieved Stres Inventory (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983), Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised Short Form (D’Zurilla, Nezu, & Maydeu-Olivares, 2002) and Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989). The results indicated that the percieved stress was negatively correlated with the social problem and the psychological well-being. The social problem solving was positively correlated with the psychological well-being. Hierarchial regression analysis showed that social problem solving partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being. However, social problem solving did not moderate the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These findings were discussed in the light of related literature and implications were suggested for future research. Ozet Bu calismanin temel amaci universite ogrencilerinin algiladiklari stres duzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi olma duzeyleri arasindaki iliskide sosyal problem cozme becerilerinin araci ve duzenleyici rolunun incelenmesidir. Arastirma 350’si kadin 164’u erkek toplam 514 universite ogrencisi uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan ogrenciler 18-25 yas arasinda olup, yas ortalamalari 20.09’dur (Ss=2.02). Arastirmada veri toplamak amaciyla Algilanan Stres Olcegi (Cohen, Kamarck ve Mermelstein, 1983), Sosyal Problem Cozme Envanteri Kisa Formu (D’Zurilla, Nezu ve Maydeu-Olivares, 2002) ve Psikolojik Iyi Olma Olcekleri (Ryff, 1989) kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda algilanan stres ile sosyal problem cozme ve psikolojik iyi olma arasinda negatif yonde anlamli, sosyal problem cozme ve psikolojik iyi olma arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli iliskiler oldugu tespit edilmistir. Hiyerarsik regresyon analizleri sonucunda sosyal problem cozmenin, algilanan stres ve psikolojik iyi olma arasindaki iliskide kismi araci role sahip iken, duzenleyici bir rolu olmadigi belirlenmistir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazin ve sinirliliklar isiginda tartisilmis, daha sonra yapilacak calismalara ve uygulayicilara yonelik oneriler sunulmustur.
Inter- cultural management and organizational culture: a case study of service sector firm

The aim of this paper is to unravel the key characteristics of the organizational culture of local firms in Pakistan, which are continuously growing in the recently liberalized market. This article is based on a qualitative research approach. Field work was conducted in a medical corporation working in the capital city of Pakistan for two years and four months. The results show that the firm has a hybrid organizational culture reflecting both local as well as foreign (western) traits. The flexible workplace environment facilitates workers to satisfy the changing demands of professional modesty without denying the indigenous moralities. This paper contributes to the debate of how national culture influence organizational culture.
Region effects influence local tree species diversity

Significance The number of species in local ecological assemblages is constrained by competition and other local interactions between populations. However, ecologists have not agreed on the degree to which the unique history and geography of continental regions also influence local species richness. Here, based on forest plots distributed throughout the world, we show that the species richness of forest trees varies among continental regions independently of local climate. In particular, forest plots in Europe and North America contain fewer species than expected from the statistical relationship of diversity to present-day local climate. Thus, the number of species co-occurring locally reflects, to a significant extent, region characteristics, including geographic and geologic history, that influence evolutionary diversification and regional extinction. Global patterns of biodiversity reflect both regional and local processes, but the relative importance of local ecological limits to species coexistence, as influenced by the physical environment, in contrast to regional processes including species production, dispersal, and extinction, is poorly understood. Failure to distinguish regional influences from local effects has been due, in part, to sampling limitations at small scales, environmental heterogeneity within local or regional samples, and incomplete geographic sampling of species. Here, we use a global dataset comprising 47 forest plots to demonstrate significant region effects on diversity, beyond the influence of local climate, which together explain more than 92% of the global variation in local forest tree species richness. Significant region effects imply that large-scale processes shaping the regional diversity of forest trees exert influence down to the local scale, where they interact with local processes to determine the number of coexisting species.