Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Balancing Load versus Decreasing Communication : Parameterizing the Tradeo

Domain decomposition is an important step for parallel scienti c applications, in particular nite element analyses. A good decomposition will minimize both the time spent on local computation and on interprocessor communication. It is often the case that these two goals cannot be satis ed simultaneously. In this paper, we use analytical and experimental results to illustrate the importance of considering the target architecture as well as the application when determining which factor to emphasize in a decomposition method. In particular, we derive a parameter 0 that provides some guidelines as to which goal should be given primary focus. Our results yield two interesting facts: (1) allowing some load imbalance can provide some reduction in communication and total execution time and (2) as larger numbers of processors are applied to a problem, larger amounts of load imbalance are bene cial. Corresponding author: Eric J. Schwabe Department of ECE Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208 (847) 467{2298 Running head: Balancing Load versus Decreasing Communication 2
Manufacturing practices, strategic fit and performance: A routine‐based view

This article challenges and advances the extant manufacturing practice‐performance research in three ways. First and most fundamentally, the article offers a sound theoretical foundation for the proposition that manufacturing practices have competitive value. Second, typical studies do not pay enough attention to the multidimensional nature of performance and often collapse strategic position (performance) into a one‐dimensional index. The article will show that this does not do justice to the multidimensional nature of operational performance. Third, extant research, aside from a few exceptions, pays little attention to the strategic contingencies involved in adopting and implementing specific practices. The overarching goal of this article is to move us toward better‐informed empirical inquiry of the strategic contingency argument in operations strategy research. The article builds a theoretical argument of manufacturing practices, strategic contingency and performance and tests it in a sample of 164 manufacturing plants using a series of regression analyses. Results show that both the best practice and strategic contingency arguments have merit in explaining operational performance; however, the contingency argument has stronger support.
Esophageal Voice Enhancement by Modeling Radiated Pulses in Frequency Domain

Altough esophageal speech has demonstrated to be the most popular voice recovering method after laryngectomy surgery, it is difficult to master and shows a poor degree of intelligibility. This article proposes a new method for esophageal voice enhancement using speech digital signal processing techniques based on modeling radiated voice pulses in frequency domain. The analysis-transformation-synthesis technique creates a non-pathological spectrum for those utterances featured as voiced and filters those unvoiced. Healthy spectrum generation implies transforming the original timbre, modeling harmonic phase coupling from the spectral shape envelope, and deriving pitch from frame energy analysis. Resynthesized speech aims to improve intelligibility, minimize artificial artifacts, and acquire resemblance to patient’s pre-surgery original voice.
The Impact of Wage Rate Growth on Tourism Competitiveness

This study tests whether national labour costs affect international competitiveness in the tourism industry. Using a fixed effect model design and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation, a set of 40 countries is examined during the period 1990–2010. The study reveals that labour costs may be an important supply-side determinant of tourism expenditures, and supports the hypothesis of a negative relationship between these two variables. Implications of the reported findings for industry and for government macroeconomic policy are provided. Potential extensions of these findings to the tourism area life cycle model are also discussed.
Evaluation of several Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression Variants for Language Adaptation

Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are of great interest in multilingual environments. We studied the case of the Comunitat Valenciana where the two official languages are Spanish and Valencian. These two languages share most of their phonemes, and their syntax and vocabulary are also quite similar since they have influenced each other for many years. We constructed a system, and trained its acoustic models with a small corpus of Spanish and Valencian, which has produced poor results due to the lack of data. Adaptation techniques can be used to adapt acoustic models that are trained with a large corpus of a language inr order to obtain acoustic models for a phonetically similar language. This process is known as language adaptation. The Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) technique has commonly been used in speaker adaptation; however we have used MLLR in language adaptation. We compared several MLLR variants (mean square, diagonal matrix and full matrix) for language adaptation in order to choose the best alternative for our system.
A Study of Performance Evaluation for GA-ILMT Using Travel English

Recently, many machine translation systems have been developed. However, for translation of conversation, correct translation rates and quality of translation are particularly low. This is due to machine translation systems not being able to generate translation results which fit the context of the conversation . We previously proposed a method of Machine Translation Using Inductive Learning with Genetic Algorithms(GA-ILMT). We compare this system's results to two others that use rule-based translation method, and evaluate the results of experiments done with GA-ILMT, measuring it's performance when applied to travel English. As a result of the evaluation experiments, we confirmed that GA-ILMT can generate translation results which are more appropriate to the context of the conversation.
A Brief History of Algebra and Computing: An Eclectic Oxonian View

This can of course be solved using algebra. The rst treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century AD. The term derives from the Arabic al-jabr or literally \the reunion of broken parts. " As well as its mathematical meaning, the word also means the surgical treatment of fractures. It gained widespread use through the title of a book ilm al-jabr wa'l-mukabala|the science of restoring what is missing and equating like with like|written by the mathematicianAbu Ja'far Muhammad (active c800{847), who subsequently has become know as al-Kharazmi,
Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium DT 104 Antibiotic Resistance Genomic Island I in Serotype Paratyphi B

We have identified Salmonella genomic island I (SGI1) in an isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B. This antibiotic-resistance gene cluster, which confers multidrug resistance, has been previously identified in S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phage types DT 104 and DT 120 and in S. enterica serotype Agona.
A Brucella spp. Isolate from a Pac-Man Frog (Ceratophrys ornata) Reveals Characteristics Departing from Classical Brucellae

Brucella are highly infectious bacterial pathogens responsible for brucellosis, a frequent worldwide zoonosis. The Brucella genus has recently expanded from 6 to 11 species, all of which were associated with mammals; The natural host range recently expanded to amphibians after some reports of atypical strains from frogs. Here we describe the first in depth phenotypic and genetic characterization of a Brucella strains isolated from a frog. Strain B13-0095 was isolated from a Pac-Man frog (Ceratophyrus ornate) at a veterinary hospital in Texas and was initially misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi. We found that B13-0095 belongs to a group of early-diverging brucellae that includes Brucella inopinata strain BO1 and the B. inopinata-like strain BO2, with traits that depart significantly from those of the “classical” Brucella spp. Analysis of B13-0095 genome sequence revealed several specific features that suggest that this isolate represents an intermediate between a soil associated ancestor and the host adapted “classical” species. Like strain BO2, B13-0095 does not possess the genes required to produce the perosamine based LPS found in classical Brucella, but has a set of genes that could encode a rhamnose based O-antigen. Despite this, B13-0095 has a very fast intracellular replication rate in both epithelial cells and macrophages. Finally, another major finding in this study is the bacterial motility observed for strains B13-0095, BO1, and BO2, which is remarkable for this bacterial genus. This study thus highlights several novel characteristics in strains belonging to an emerging group within the Brucella genus. Accurate identification tools for such atypical Brucella isolates and careful evaluation of their zoonotic potential, are urgently required.
Unsupervised Learning from Dyadic Data

Dyadic data refers to a domain with two nite sets of objects in which observations are made for dyads, i.e., pairs with one element from either set. This includes event co-occurrences, histogram data, and single stimulus preference data as special cases. Dyadic data arises naturally in many applications ranging from computational linguistics and information retrieval to preference analysis and computer vision. In this paper, we present a systematic, domain-independent framework for unsupervised learning from dyadic data by statistical mixture models. Our approach covers diier-ent models with at and hierarchical latent class structures and uniies probabilistic modeling and structure discovery. Mixture models provide both, a parsimonious yet exible parameterization of probability distributions with good generalization performance on sparse data, as well as structural information about data-inherent grouping structure. We propose an annealed version of the standard Expectation Maximization algorithm for model tting which is empirically evaluated on a variety of data sets from diierent domains.
Bayesian mixture of spatial spline regressions

This work relates the framework of model-based clustering for spatial functional data where the data are surfaces. We first introduce a Bayesian spatial spline regression model with mixed-effects (BSSR) for modeling spatial function data. The BSSR model is based on Nodal basis functions for spatial regression and accommodates both common mean behavior for the data through a fixed-effects part, and variability inter-individuals thanks to a random-effects part. Then, in order to model populations of spatial functional data issued from heterogeneous groups, we integrate the BSSR model into a mixture framework. The resulting model is a Bayesian mixture of spatial spline regressions with mixed-effects (BMSSR) used for density estimation and model-based surface clustering. The models, through their Bayesian formulation, allow to integrate possible prior knowledge on the data structure and constitute a good alternative to recent mixture of spatial spline regressions model estimated in a maximum likelihood framework via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The Bayesian model inference is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. We derive two Gibbs sampler to infer the BSSR and the BMSSR models and apply them on simulated surfaces and a real problem of handwritten digit recognition using the MNIST data set. The obtained results highlight the potential benefit of the proposed Bayesian approaches for modeling surfaces possibly dispersed in particular in clusters.
Estimating Utilization Distributions with Kernel Versus Local Convex Hull Methods

ABSTRACT Estimates of utilization distributions (UDs) are used in analyses of home-range area, habitat and resource selection, and social interactions. We simulated data from 12 parent UDs, representing 3 series of increasingly intense space-use patterns (clustering of points around a home site, restriction of locations to a network of nodes and corridors, and dominance of a central hole in the UD) and compared the ability of kernel density estimation (KDE) and local convex hull (LCH) construction to reconstruct known UDs from samples of 10, 50, 250, and 1,000 location points. For KDE, we considered 4 bandwidth selectors: the reference bandwidth, least-squares cross-validation (LSCV), direct plug-in (DPI), and solve-the-equation (STE). For the sample sizes and UD patterns tested here, KDE achieved significantly higher volume-of-intersection (VI) scores with known parent UDs than did LCH; KDE also provided less biased home-range area estimates under many conditions. However, LCH minimized the UD volume that occurred outside the true home range boundary (Vout). Among the KDE bandwidth estimators, relative performance depended on the type and intensity of space use patterns, sample size, and the metric used to evaluate performance. Biologists should use KDE for UD and home range estimation within a probabilistic context, unless their objective is to exclude potentially unused areas by defining the area delimited by data.
Linked Data Querying through FCA-based Schema Indexing

The effciency of SPARQL query evaluation against Linked Open Data may benefit from schema-based indexing. However, many data items come with incomplete schema information or lack schema descriptions entirely. In this position paper, we outline an approach to an indexing of linked data graphs based on schemata induced through Formal Concept Analysis. We show how to map queries onto RDF graphs based on such derived schema information. We sketch next steps for realizing and optimizing the suggested approach.
Export Survival in Global Value Chains

This paper focuses on the survival capacity of the trade flows in international production networks, extending the limited empirical evidence. Firstly, we emphasize that these trade relationships are longer-lived than trade in final goods. Secondly, we try to delimit the factors that explain this. Using time-discrete duration models, which control for the existence of unobservable heterogeneity, we find that variables such as initial value of the trade flow, geographic and product diversification, institutional quality, geographic and linguistic proximity and membership in a regional integration agreement play an important role for stability of global production systems. Our results highlight that the high sunk entry costs and the need for trust and reliability in global value chains are factors dissuading radical alterations in the network configuration.
A frontal cortex event-related potential driven by the basal forebrain

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in both healthy and neuropsychiatric conditions as physiological indices of cognitive functions. Contrary to the common belief that cognitive ERPs are generated by local activity within the cerebral cortex, here we show that an attention-related ERP in the frontal cortex is correlated with, and likely generated by, subcortical inputs from the basal forebrain (BF). In rats performing an auditory oddball task, both the amplitude and timing of the frontal ERP were coupled with BF neuronal activity in single trials. The local field potentials (LFPs) associated with the frontal ERP, concentrated in deep cortical layers corresponding to the zone of BF input, were similarly coupled with BF activity and consistently triggered by BF electrical stimulation within 5–10 msec. These results highlight the important and previously unrecognized role of long-range subcortical inputs from the BF in the generation of cognitive ERPs. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02148. 001
Special Thematic Section on " Societal Change " “ I Have a Dream ” : A Typology of Social Change Goals

To date, there is little in the way of theorizing or empirical work on the imagined endpoint of political action aimed at social change – the type of “dream” those engaged in action are attempting to bring into fruition. We suggest that previous approaches have focused narrowly on one type of social change – amelioration of collective grievances. In contrast, we argue that social change is much richer and imaginative than this narrow focus suggests. In the present article we draw on key constructs in social psychology (e.g., goals, efficacy, legitimacy, identity, social system, and social value) in order to develop a typology of social change goals. In doing so, we explain why people might support one type of social change (e.g., revolution) versus others (e.g., separatism or amelioration). The typology is used to discuss future directions for research and to highlight the implications for psychological (and broader) approaches to social change.
A Conceptual Model for Evaluating Aesthetic Effect within the User Experience of Information Visualization

This paper proposes a conceptual model for which one might begin to assess aesthetic effect within the user experience of information visualization. Through first defining, then illustrating new dimensions of aesthetic that exist within the context of information visualization, this paper goes on to suggest that a user centered evaluation method not solely centered around task efficiency metrics is now imperative
Discovery and Structure of a Potent and Highly Specific Blocker of Insect Calcium Channels*

We have isolated a novel family of insect-selective neurotoxins that appear to be the most potent blockers of insect voltage-gated calcium channels reported to date. These toxins display exceptional phylogenetic specificity, with at least a 10,000-fold preference for insect versus vertebrate calcium channels. The structure of one of the toxins reveals a highly structured, disulfide-rich core and a structurally disordered C-terminal extension that is essential for channel blocking activity. Weak structural/functional homology with ω-agatoxin-IVA/B, the prototypic inhibitor of vertebrate P-type calcium channels, suggests that these two toxin families might share a similar mechanism of action despite their vastly different phylogenetic specificities.
Towards a neural measure of perceptual distance - classification of electroencephalographic responses to synthetic vowels

How vowels are organized cortically has previously been studied using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), one focus of which is to determine whether perceptual distance could be inferred using AEP components. The present study extends this line of research by adopting a machine-learning framework to classify evoked responses to four synthetic mid-vowels differing only in second formant frequency (F2 = 840, 1200, 1680, and 2280 Hz). 6 subjects attended 4 EEG sessions each on separate days. Classifiers were trained using time-domain data in successive timewindows of various sizes. Results were the most accurate when a window of about 80 ms was used. By integrating the scores from individual classifiers, the maximum mean binary classification rates improved to 70% (10 trials) and 77% (20 trials). To assess how well perceptual distances among the vowels were reflected in our results, discriminability indices (d � ) were computed using both the behavioral results in a screening test and the classification results. It was found that the two set of indices were significantly correlated. The pair that was the most (least) discriminable behaviorally was also the most (least) classifiable neurally. Our results support the use of classification methodology for developing a neural measure of perceptual distance. Index Terms: vowel perception, electroencephalography, perceptual distance, classification, machine learning
Data Exploration with GIS Viewsheds and Social Network Analysis

We present a novel exploratory method that combines line of sight visibility (viewshed analysis) with techniques from social network analysis to investigate archaeological data. At increasing distances different nodes are connected creating a set of networks, which are subsequently described using centrality measures and clustering coefficients. Networks with significant properties are examined in more detail. We use this method to investigate the placement of hillforts (nodes) in the Gwent region of south-east Wales, UK. We are able to determine distances that support significant transitions in network structure that could have archaeological validity.
Alpha rhythm emerges from large scale networks ofrealistically coupled multicompartmental modelcortical neuronsDavid

Cortical pyramidal and stellate neurons were simulated using the GENESIS simulation package. Model neurons were leaky integrate-and-re and consisted of 4-9 passive compartments. Neurophysiological measurements, based on single-cell recordings and patch-clamp experiments, provided estimations for the simulation of cortical neurons: transmitter activated conductances, passive membrane time constants, and axonal delays. Network connectivity was generated using a previously described probabilistic scheme based on known cortical histology, in which the probability of connections forming between one neuron and another fell oo monotonically with increasing inter-cellular separation. Simulations of up to 6,400 cortical neurons, approaching the scale of an individual cortical column, connrmed previous ndings with smaller networks. Limit cycle behaviour emerged in the network, in the frequency in the range of the mammalian alpha and beta rhythms (8-20 Hz). Contrary to expectation near linear relationships were found between the mean soma membrane potential and and neuronal ring probability. Some of the implications for cortical information processing, in particular the dynamical interactions between the neuronal and larger scales, are discussed.
Facilitating redesign with design cards: experiences with novice designers

While effort has been put into developing and evaluating usability evaluation methods less attention has been paid to shifting usability feedback into improved designs. We report from a study with 44 novice designers creating redesign suggestions. Some were provided with domain specific design cards to facilitate the redesign process. Design cards are physical cards used to structure a collaborative process, and providing design cues such as keywords and questions. Afterward, three developers assessed the quality of the suggestions. We found that the cards diversified the range of system aspects that novices considered, supported ideation, and kept the discussion going. However, the cards did not compensate the limited design experience, and the participants had challenges understanding the value of the cards, and implement them in the process. Having developers assessing the subjective quality of the suggestions turned out to be challenging due to low inter-rater reliability.