Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Roles for Checkpoint Kinases in DNA Damage-dependent Degradation of the Cdc25A Protein Phosphatase*

In response to DNA damage, cells activate a signaling pathway that promotes cell cycle arrest and degradation of the cell cycle regulator Cdc25A. Cdc25A degradation occurs via the SCFβ-TRCP pathway and phosphorylation of Ser-76. Previous work indicates that the checkpoint kinase Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is capable of phosphorylating Ser-76 in Cdc25A, thereby promoting its degradation. In contrast, other experiments involving overexpression of dominant Chk2 mutant proteins point to a role for Chk2 in Cdc25A degradation. However, loss-of-function studies that implicate Chk2 in Cdc25A turnover are lacking, and there is no evidence that Chk2 is capable of phosphorylating Ser-76 in Cdc25A despite the finding that Chk1 and Chk2 sometimes share overlapping primary specificity. We find that although Chk2 can phosphorylate many of the same sites in Cdc25A that Chk1 phosphorylates, albeit with reduced efficiency, Chk2 is unable to efficiently phosphorylate Ser-76. Consistent with this, Chk2, unlike Chk1, is unable to support SCFβ-TRCP-mediated ubiquitination of Cdc25A in vitro. In CHK2–/– HCT116 cells, the kinetics of Cdc25A degradation in response to ionizing radiation is comparable with that seen in HCT116 cells containing Chk2, indicating that Chk2 is not generally required for timely DNA damage-dependent Cdc25A turnover. In contrast, depletion of Chk1 by RNA interference in CHK2–/– cells leads to Cdc25A stabilization in response to ionizing radiation. These data support the idea that Chk1 is the primary signal transducer linking activation of the ATM/ATR kinases to Cdc25A destruction in response to ionizing radiation.
School Practices That Improve Race Relations

This study used questionnaire data collected by the Educational Testing Service in 51 high schools to discover which school practices improved racial attitudes and behaviors in desegregated schools. Data were analyzed at school and individual levels using multiple regressions. Results for whites indicated strong, positive effects on racial attitudes and behaviors of assigning students of different races to work together and through individual participation on a sports team with students of another race. Weaker effects were found for class discussions of race. For blacks, assignment of students of different races to work together and teacher workshops on race relations had effects on one behavioral variable, and individual participation in biracial work groups or sports teams had strong, positive effects on racial behaviors and attitudes. Few effects for either race were found for teacher workshops, use of multiethnic texts, or tracking. Results were interpreted to indicate that programs involving cooperative interaction between students of different races are most likely to improve race relations in desegregated schools.
Types of Inadequate Interviewer Behaviour in Survey Interviews; Their Causes and Effects 1

Types de comportements non adaquats de l'intervieweur lors des entretiens d'enquête: leurs causes et leurs effets. Les auteurs présentent un modèle de l'interaction entre l'intervieweur et l'interviewé lors d'un entretien dans le cadre d'une enquête. Sur cette base théorique, des enregistrements d'entretiens d'enquêtes ont été réalisés et analysés, décelant quatre types de comportements non adaquats: l'adapatation des questions à l'interviewé par l'intervieweur; le manque d'attention de la part de l'intervieweur, le choix de la réponse effectuée par l'intervieweur "de la part de l'interviewé"; des sous-entendus de l'intervieweur pour faire clarifier la réponse de l'interviewé. Ces différents types sont analysés à fond, montrant que c'est surtout le dernier qui biaise les résultats d'enquêtes par entretiens.
Improving the Resistance of Grain-V1 against Algebraic Attack

Grain-v1 is an 80-bit hardware oriented stream ciphers that has been selected for the final portfolio of eSTREAM project. It has been proved experimentally that an algebraic attack can be devised against Grain-v1 which can recover almost half of its 160 internal state bits within limited resources [1]. This attack is possible because of the algebraic structure of the equations relating the internal state and output bits of the cipher. In this article a small modification in the Grain-v1 is proposed which can resist the recovery of internal state bits due to solving algebraic equations. Grain-128 a revised version of Grain-v1 has already been proposed but focus of this article is to give a modification of Grain-v1 without increasing its internal sate bits. The proposed modification does not make any change in the basic design philosophy of Grain-v1 nor does it add in the complexity of enciphering. An analysis of the proposed design and its comparison with the original version is also presented.
‘I lose, but that’s not the point’: Situated Economic and Social Rationalities in Horserace Gambling

ABSTRACT This article compares ethnographic observations of horserace gambling in two UK spaces – the betting shop (remote) and the racecourse (proximal). The paper identifies the emerging, situated rationales that attract gamblers to these leisure spaces, and that motivate them to integrate their gambling activities as an ongoing, sustainable feature of their lives. Doing so, it is observed that, for the vast majority of punters, gambling on the horses is neither ‘addictive’ nor is it ‘irrational’, except in narrowly defined zweckrational terms. The article thus argues for a shift in current gambling research, away from an overwhelming preoccupation with pathological gambling, towards a broader consideration of the more representative and socioeconomically significant activities of leisure gambling.
Refocusing Educational Assessments on Teaching and Learning, Not Politics

Abstract The 2007 reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act in the United States has provided additional incentive to sustain attention on this law. Based on a review of the literature, this article highlights some objectives of the act and identifies shortcomings associated with the type of assessments the act endorses. Because these assessments have the power to educationally and politically influence the futures of individuals and schools, a focus on optimizing their benefits is important.
Plurilingual teaching and learning practices in ‘internationalised’ university lectures

Abstract This article explores how participants in ‘internationalised’ university lectures draw on the different plurilingual (and multimodal) resources available to them in accomplishing teaching and learning activities. The data are from lectures that took place in four different technology subjects at two Catalan universities. Two aspects of the corpus are focused on in the analysis. On the one hand, what is referred to as a plurilingual multimodal design of the lectures studied is presented. On the other, some ways in which the recurrent emergence of code-switching in the corpus may be considered a resource for the construction of disciplinary knowledge are sketched out. In this regard, the analysis focuses on three features: the management of participation, the management of comprehension and attention and the management of complexity. The practices studied in the article offer empirical insights into how internationalisation of universities in Catalonia and elsewhere – and in particular the teaching of subjects in a second language – can be achieved in harmony with existing plurilingualism and ensuring complexity of disciplinary content teaching and learning.
Cell Design and Routing of Jobs in a Multisite Make-to-Order Enterprise

Make-to-order is a production process where the businesses build the product only after an order from the customer is received. A large enterprise may have many such make-to-order shops distributed geographically. The cost and time for executing a job in each of these shops may vary. Therefore, it is important for a multisite enterprise to judiciously decide on where to process the jobs. Ideally, an enterprise would like to minimize the cost (or maximize the profit) while meeting the deadlines and at the same time maximize the utilization of the shops. The time to execute jobs can vary based on how the shops are laid out (the design of shops) and the decision of how jobs are routed (among the various shops). Predicting (or estimating) the likely turnaround time (and cost) for various jobs across the different shops enables the routing decision process. In this paper, we address the two important problems of (i) cell-design and (ii) turnaround time prediction and routing of jobs across various shops. We propose (i) a novel approach based on graph partitioning and set cover heuristic to generate a set of cell designs for a shop, (ii) a framework based on machine learning techniques to predict the turnaround time of jobs across various shops, and (iii) a routing algorithm based on dynamic programming and local search heuristic to route jobs such that the overall profit is maximized. We present results of applying the proposed approaches on real-life datasets from a multisite print shop enterprise.
An orientation normalized vector quantizer for flow-like image coding

A new vector quantization image coding scheme called orientation normalized vector quantizer (ONVQ) is presented. During the encoding process, the orientation field of an image is first calculated and recorded using a quad-tree data structure; then, the image is partitioned into digitalized round blocks. These round blocks are normalized to the horizontal direction according to their original orientation and the vector which is quantized. The decoder obtains reproduction vectors from a codebook, and restores them to their original orientations. Since blocks of different orientations can use the same codeword, ONVQ needs a much smaller codebook; therefore, low bit rates are achieved (0.6-0.8 bpp for 256/spl times/256 images). The subjective quality of ONVQ-coded images is more satisfying than that obtained by a simple vector quantization scheme. <<ETX>>
Bifurcations in a mathematical model of non-basal testosterone production

Abstract A recently proposed by the authors impulsive mathematical model of non-basal testosterone secretion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in the male is considered. Conditions for existence of periodic solutions in the model, their parametrization and stability are studied. Parameter bifurcations which lead to periodic oscillations of hormone levels with one or two pulses of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the least period are explored. The feasibility of the periodic mode with two pulses of GnRH is validated using experimental data.
Rare SNP rs12731181 in the miR-590-3p Target Site of the Prostaglandin F2&agr; Receptor Gene Confers Risk for Essential Hypertension in the Han Chinese Population

Objective— To investigate whether rs12731181 (A→G) interrupted miR-590-3p–mediated suppression of the prostaglandin F2&agr; receptor (FP) and whether it is associated with essential hypertension in the Chinese population. Approach and Results— We found that miR-590-3p regulates human FP gene expression by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. rs12731181 (A→G) altered the binding affinity between miR-590-3p and its FP 3′-untranslated region target, thus reducing the suppression of FP expression, which, in turn, enhanced FP receptor–mediated contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. Overexpression of FP augmented vascular tone and elevated blood pressure in mice. An association study was performed to analyze the relationship between the FP gene and essential hypertension in the Han Chinese population. The results indicated that the rs12731181 G allele was associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension. Carriers of the AG genotype exhibited significantly higher blood pressure than those of the AA genotype. FP gene expression was significantly higher in human peripheral leukocytes from individuals with the AG genotype than that in leukocytes from individuals with the AA genotype. Conclusions— rs12731181 in the seed region of the miR-590-3p target site is associated with increased risk of essential hypertension and represents a new paradigm for FP involvement in blood pressure regulation.
Routing on trees

We consider three different schemes for signal routing on a tree. The vertices of the tree represent transceivers that can transmit and receive signals, and are equipped with i.i. d. weights representing the strength of the transceivers. The edges of the tree are also equipped with i.i. d. weights, representing the costs for passing the edges. For each one of our schemes, we derive sharp conditions on the distributions of the vertex weights and the edge weights that determine when the root can transmit a signal over arbitrarily large distances.
Is Twitter an Alternative Medium? Comparing Gulf Coast Twitter and Newspaper Coverage of the 2010 BP Oil Spill

This study compares Gulf Coast journalists and Twitter users’ coverage of the BP oil spill. In addition to examining authors’ attitudes toward and coverage of the BP oil spill, the study examines community-level variables that shaped attitudes and coverage. The community structure literature has suggested that news media in smaller, more homogeneous communities, which are economically dependent on a polluting industry (as are many communities along the Gulf Coast), are more reticent to be critical in their coverage of pollution. Scholars have suggested, though, that the Internet transcends local geography and that the Internet is more open to alternative perspectives. This study suggests, though, that while the distribution of online content may make local geography less relevant, its production is still rooted in local communities. As a result, Tweets about the oil spill were shaped by many of the same social and economic forces that shaped journalists’ coverage.
Petri net modeling of interconnection networks for massively parallel architectures

The analysls, design and evaluation of the interconnection subsystem for massively parallel arch i~ectures is norm ally carried out using computer simulation tools, requiring great computational costs. This w or-k shows the suitability of the use of formal representation methods, like SPN (Stochastic Petri Nets), for the description of the message routers, focusing on tw a important features. Firstly, the possibility of obtaining network performance indicators using simulation but with a lower computational cost than using conventional techniques. And secondly, making the basic parameters of the network design independent of the router implementation issues, thus simplifying the method of establishing the behavior of new router stnwtures. This approach has been successfully applied to the analysis of both symmetrical torus and asymmetrical mesh interconnection topologies, with cut-through ,flow control, oblivious routing and random traffic. Two different functional router structures have been used in each case: transit buffers located at the inPut [jr at the output router channels.
DOA Estimation for Coherently Distributed Sources Considering Circular and Noncircular Signals in Massive MIMO Systems

In mobile communication, the signal that a base station received cannot be regarded as a point source anymore because of the multipath propagation. A distributed source model is more suitable for the realistic scenarios. In this paper, an approach of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed for coherently distributed (CD) sources consisting of circular and noncircular signals in a massive or large-scale multiple-input multiple-output system. The noncircular characteristic can improve the performance of DOA estimation. However, most algorithms are not suitable for DOA estimation where circular and noncircular signals coexist. Based on the analysis of constraint conditions satisfied by the steering vector of mixed signals, a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) like approach is proposed for the DOA estimation of CD sources consisting of circular and noncircular signals. On the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, small snapshot numbers, and large source numbers, the pseudopeaking may appear. This phenomenon has been analyzed, and a modified MUSIC-like approach is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that both two proposed algorithms can estimate more sources than the number of sensors. The estimation performances of the two proposed algorithms outperform the traditional MUSIC algorithm.
The relationship between the severity and duration of physical disability and body esteem

The current study investigated the association between the severity and duration of physical disability and body esteem. A total of 748 participants (367 males, 381 females) who had a physical disability and 448 participants (171 males, 277 females) who were able-bodied participated in the study. The results demonstrated that people with more severe physical disability experienced lower levels of body esteem than people with milder physical disabilities and able-bodied people. The duration of physical disability was not related to levels of body esteem. Except for the face, people with physical disabilities devalued all aspects of their body more than able-bodied people. For males with physical disability, the unique predictors of high body esteem were decreased need for assistance, higher self-esteem, lower depression and higher sexual esteem; for females with physical disability, the unique predictors were higher self-esteem and higher sexual esteem. Overall, the study suggested that people with physical disability, particularly those with severe disabilities, may be particularly vulnerable to problems associated with their body esteem.
On Speculative Enactments

Speculative Enactments are a novel approach to speculative design research with participants. They invite the empirical analysis of participants acting amidst speculative but consequential circumstances. HCI as a broadly pragmatic, experience-centered, and participant-focused field is well placed to innovate methods that invite first-hand interaction and experience with speculative design projects. We discuss three case studies of this approach in practice, based on our own work: Runner Spotters, Metadating and a Quantified Wedding. In distinguishing Speculative Enactments we offer not just practical guidelines, but a set of conceptual resources for researchers and practitioners to critique the different contributions that speculative approaches make to HCI discourse.
Genome-wide midrange transcription profiles reveal expression level relationships in human tissue specification

MOTIVATION Genes are often characterized dichotomously as either housekeeping or single-tissue specific. We conjectured that crucial functional information resides in genes with midrange profiles of expression. RESULTS To obtain such novel information genome-wide, we have determined the mRNA expression levels for one of the largest hitherto analyzed set of 62 839 probesets in 12 representative normal human tissues. Indeed, when using a newly defined graded tissue specificity index tau, valued between 0 for housekeeping genes and 1 for tissue-specific genes, genes with midrange profiles having 0.15< tau<0.85 were found to constitute >50% of all expression patterns. We developed a binary classification, indicating for every gene the I(B) tissues in which it is overly expressed, and the 12-I(B) tissues in which it shows low expression. The 85 dominant midrange patterns with I(B)=2-11 were found to be bimodally distributed, and to contribute most significantly to the definition of tissue specification dendrograms. Our analyses provide a novel route to infer expression profiles for presumed ancestral nodes in the tissue dendrogram. Such definition has uncovered an unsuspected correlation, whereby de novo enhancement and diminution of gene expression go hand in hand. These findings highlight the importance of gene suppression events, with implications to the course of tissue specification in ontogeny and phylogeny. AVAILABILITY All data and analyses are publically available at the GeneNote website, http://genecards.weizmann.ac.il/genenote/ and, GEO accession GSE803. CONTACT doron.lancet@weizmann.ac.il SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Four tables available at the above site.
Integrative Self-Knowledge and the Harmony of Purpose Model in Iranian Autoimmune Patients

Teleological coherence theoretically underlies healthy immunological and psycho-neural responses to stress and should be lacking in autoimmune patients. An Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale served as a plausible psychological measure of teleological coherence in Iranian Autoimmune, Non-Autoimmune, and Healthy Student groups. Participants also responded to measures of perceived stress and to the Levels of Self-Criticism Scales, Hopkins Symptom Checklist, and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Autoimmune patients displayed the lowest Integrative Self-Knowledge, highest perceived stress, and greatest evidence of psychological disharmony. Integrative Self-Knowledge correlated negatively with perceived stress and psychological disturbances and partially mediated the relationship of perceived stress with interpersonal problems. Integrative Self-Knowledge may usefully clarify the psychosomatic dynamics of autoimmune patients.
Thermally Assisted Magnetic Recording at 4 Tbit/in$^{2}$

Simulations of thermally assisted magnetic recording were carried out targeting an areal density of 4 Tbit/in2. The effects of the heat spot radius, maximum temperature during recording, Curie temperature and thermal conductivity of the recording layer on the written tracks were investigated. Triple track squeeze simulations were used to determine the minimum track pitch. The target of 4 Tbit/in2 may be realized if stringent conditions on the heat spot and thermal conductivity are met.
Learning Language, Learning Teaching

■ It has been suggested by some researchers that the world of the teacher of English as a foreign language is terra incognita . Little research seems to be widely available to map this world for external observers, particularly from the perspectives of non-native-speaking (NNS) teachers of the language working in those contexts where most English language teaching worldwide occurs—state education systems. This article aims to make a contribution to mapping the world of NNS language teachers through a case study of the life of a teacher of English in a government school in Thailand. It hopes to contribute to a wider contextual appreciation of teachers and teaching through exploring in particular this teacher's perceptions on her own language learning, her experiences as a teacher of English and her attempts to innovate in her classroom in a context which seemed to militate against such innovation. In so doing the study also aims to make a case for further research into the careers of NNS English teachers in order that the full richness and complexity of teaching and learning of English in the widest possible variety of socio-educational contexts can be revealed and compared.