Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics I: Background, Concepts, and Models

OBJECTIVE To present and emphasize the background, foundations, utility, and conceptual underlying theory of the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approach with an examination of the advantages when compared with other approaches of pharmacokinetic modeling. DATA SOURCES Information on PPK was retrieved from a MEDLINE search (1979—June 2002) of literature and a bibliographic review of review articles and books. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles identified from data sources were evaluated and relevant information was included in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS PPK plays a pivotal role in developing dosing strategies for direct patient care and in drug development. PPK is valuable because it targets the patient group that will eventually receive the drug of interest, quantitates pharmacokinetic variability at several levels, and seeks to explain those sources of variability. CONCLUSIONS PPK models have great utility and the applications are many. They are very different from single-subject pharmacokinetic models and therefore require different approaches to model development.
Antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus eriocalyx essential oil and polyphenols: An endemic medicinal plant from Algeria

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial potency of Rosmarinus eriocalyx (R. eriocalyx) essential oil and total polyphenols against pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of R. eriocalyx extracts was assessed by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations determination. Essential oil obtained from endemic rosemary by hydrodistillation was analysed by gas chromatograph/retention index and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Results: An interesting antimicrobial activity was shown by R. eriocalyx extracts. Polyphenols, constituted mainly by flavonoids, were the most effective extract with very low minimum inhibitory concentrations values, ranged between 0.06 and 8.00 mg/mL, while essential oil was less efficient. It should be noted that antimicrobial activities of both R. eriocalyx extracts were more directed against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative ones, in which Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were the most sensitive strains. Concerning chemical composition of R. eriocalyx essential oil, camphor (37.8%), 1,8-cineole (17.4%), camphene (13.3%), and α-pinene (10.9%) were the major compounds. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that R. eriocalyx extracts possess significant bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Because of its richness in essential oil, and especially flavonoids, R. eriocalyx may be a source for effective and safe antimicrobial agents.
Wideband measurements in indoor and outdoor environments in the 30 GHz and 60 GHz bands

The mm wave band is expected to play a major role in future 5G networks for both indoor access point, and outdoor small cells such as lamp post to user. In this paper we present results of measurements performed in two frequency bands in the mm wave range: 30 GHz and 60 GHz performed indoor and outdoor where the 30 GHz measurements indicate the performance of dual polarized antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver and the 60 GHz band measurements give the response of the channel as a function of the angle of rotation at the receiver. Results of rms delay spread are presented for both scenarios and for both bands.
Induction of Cell Cycle Progression and Acceleration of Apoptosis Are Two Separable Functions of c-Myc: Transrepression Correlates with Acceleration of Apoptosis

ABSTRACT Analysis of amino-terminus mutants of c-Myc has allowed a systematic study of the interrelationship between Myc's ability to regulate transcription and its apoptotic, proliferative, and transforming functions. First, we have found that c-Myc-accelerated apoptosis does not directly correlate with its ability to transactivate transcription using the endogenous ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene as readout for transactivation. Furthermore, deletion of the conserved c-Myc box I domain implicated in transactivation does not inhibit apoptosis. Second, the ability of c-Myc to repress transcription, using the gadd45 gene as a readout, correlates with its ability to accelerate apoptosis. A conserved region of c-Myc implicated in mediating transrepression is absolutely required for c-Myc-accelerated apoptosis. Third, a lymphoma-derived Thr58Ala mutation diminishes c-Myc-accelerated apoptosis through a decreased ability to induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. This mutation in a potential phosphorylation site does not affect cell cycle progression, providing genetic evidence that induction of cell cycle progression and acceleration of apoptosis are two separable functions of c-Myc. Finally, we show that the increased ability of Thr58Ala mutant to elicit cellular transformation correlates with its diminished ability to accelerate apoptosis. Bcl-2 overexpression blocked and the lymphoma-associated Thr58Ala mutation decreased c-Myc-accelerated apoptosis, and both led to a significant increase in the ability of Rat1a cells to form colonies in soft agar. This enhanced transformation was greater in soft agar containing a low concentration of serum, suggesting that protection from apoptosis is a mechanism contributing to the increased ability of these cells to proliferate in suspension. Thus, we show here for the first time that, in addition to mutations in complementary antiapoptotic genes, c-Myc itself can acquire mutations that potentiate neoplastic transformation by affecting apoptosis independently of cell cycle progression.
Understanding Knowledge Management Systems Continuance: A Decomposed Model

Knowledge management (KM) research has yielded extensive theoretical explanations on the motivations of an individual to share knowledge using various types of face-to-face or virtual communication, each with different sets of influential factors. We propose that by decomposing individual belief into multidimensional belief constructs specific to knowledge contribution and knowledge-seeking contexts, those diverse factors can be consistently related to the antecedents of behavioral intention. Based on information systems (IS) continuance research and extant literature on KM, we formulate the research models for knowledge management systems (KMS) continuance for knowledge-contribution and -seeking behaviors, and test them with empirical data.
Transgenerational Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Testicular Germ Cell Associations and Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Mice1

ABSTRACT Recent evidence has linked human phthalate exposure to abnormal reproductive and hormonal effects. Phthalates are plasticizers that confer flexibility and transparency to plastics, but they readily contaminate the body and the environment. In this study, timed pregnant CD1 outbred mice were treated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from Embryonic Day 7 (E7) to E14. The subsequent generation (F1) offspring were then bred to produce the F2, F3, and F4 offspring, without any further DEHP treatment. This exposure scheme disrupted testicular germ cell association and decreased sperm count and motility in F1 to F4 offspring. By spermatogonial transplantation techniques, the exposure scheme also disrupted spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) function of F3 offspring. The W/WV recipient testes transplanted with F3 offspring germ cells from the DEHP-treated group had a dramatically lower percentage of donor germ cell-derived spermatogenic recovery in seminiferous tubules when compared to the recipient testes transplanted with CD1 control germ cells. Further characterization showed that the major block of donor germ cell-derived spermatogenesis was before the appearance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Interestingly, the testes transplanted with the F3 offspring germ cells from the DEHP-treated group, when regenerated, replicated testis morphology similar to that observed in the testes from the F1 to F3 offspring of the DEHP-treated group, suggesting that the germ cell disorganization phenotype originates from the stem cells of F3 offspring. In conclusion, embryonic exposure to DEHP was found to disrupt testicular germ cell organization and SSC function in a transgenerational manner.
Apparent diffusion coefficient in thoracolumbar intervertebral discs of healthy young volunteers

Apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC) of healthy intervertebral discs of young volunteers in the thoracolumbar spine were determined using a single‐shot EPI sequence. ADCz was in the lumbar spine slightly higher than ADCx or ADCy. In vivo diffusion measurements of intervertebral discs may offer a novel diagnostic tool to evaluate disc diseases in early phases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:255–260. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constrained linear time-varying quadratic regulation with guaranteed optimality

A suboptimal solution to constrained linear time varying quadratic regulation (CLTVQR) is proposed. In a neighborhood of the origin, the problem is formulated as a min-max LQR based on polytopic inclusion of the dynamics in this neighborhood. Outside this neighborhood, the control moves are obtained by solving a constrained finite horizon optimization problem. The main contribution is to obtain a cost value arbitrarily close (but not equal) to that of the optimal CLTVQR. The suboptimal CLTVQR preserves the feasibility of the optimal CLTVQR if and only if the min-max LQR exists feasible solution. By mild modification, this suboptimal method can be applied to nonlinear systems.
Substrate integrated folded waveguides (SIFW) and filters

A substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW), integrated transition to shielded stripline and a SIFW filter are demonstrated and shown to be in good agreement with X band measurements. Both the filter and waveguide are considerably smaller than their unfolded counterparts. Furthermore, the filter response is defined purely in terms of a photolithographically etched plane.
Loneliness: a concept analysis.

TOPIC Loneliness is a universal human experience recognized since the dawn of time, yet it is unique for every individual. Loneliness can lead to both depression and low self-esteem. PURPOSE This article explicates the concept of loneliness through the examination of its conceptual definition and uses, defining attributes, related concepts, and empirical referents. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Literature review using hand search and database were used as sources of information. CONCLUSION Because loneliness is commonly encountered in nursing situations, the information provided will serve as a framework for assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of clients.
Robust H2/H∞ filtering for linear systems with error variance constraints

In this correspondence, we consider the robust H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// filtering problem for linear perturbed systems with steady-state error variance constraints. The purpose of this multiobjective problem is to design a linear filter that does not depend on the parameter perturbations such that the following three performance requirements are simultaneously satisfied. (1) The filtering process is asymptotically stable. (2) The steady-state variance of the estimation error of each state is not more than the individual prespecified value. (3) The transfer function from exogenous noise inputs to error state outputs meets the prespecified H/sub /spl infin// norm upper bound constraint. We show that in both continuous and discrete-time cases, the addressed filtering problem can effectively be solved in terms of the solutions of a couple of algebraic Riccati-like equations/inequalities. We present both the existence conditions and the explicit expression of desired robust filters. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed design approach.
Cerebral correlates of amygdala responses during non-conscious perception of facial affect in adolescent and pre-adolescent children

During nonconscious perception of facial affect, healthy adults commonly activate a right-lateralized pathway comprising the superior colliculus, pulvinar, and amygdala. Whether this system is fully developed prior to adulthood is unknown. Twenty-three healthy adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing fearful, angry, and happy faces, backward masked by neutral faces. Left amygdala activation differed among the three affects, showing reductions to masked anger and increases to masked fear and happy faces. During masked fear, left amygdala activation correlated positively with extrastriate cortex and temporal poles and negatively with precuneus and middle cingulate gyrus. Responses of the left amygdala to masked anger correlated positively with right parahippocampal gyrus and negatively with dorsal anterior cingulate. Amygdala responses to masked happy faces were uncorrelated with other brain regions. Contrary to the right-lateralized pathway seen in adults, adolescents show evidence of a predominantly left-lateralized extrastriate pathway during masked presentations of facial affect.
Cellubrevin Is a Resident Protein of Insulin-sensitive GLUT4 Glucose Transporter Vesicles in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (*)

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in muscle and fat cells by inducing translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters from a storage site to the cell surface. The mechanism of this translocation and the identity of the storage site are unknown, but it has been hypothesized that transporters recycle between an insulin-sensitive pool, endosomes, and the cell surface. Upon cell homogenization and fractionation, the storage site migrates with light microsomes (LDM) separate from the plasma membrane fraction (PM). Cellubrevin is a recently identified endosomal protein that may be involved in the reexocytosis of recycling endosomes. Here we describe that cellubrevin is expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is more abundant in the LDM than in the PM. Cellubrevin was markedly induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes, in parallel with GLUT4, and the development of insulin regulated traffic. In response to insulin, the cellubrevin content decreased in the LDM and increased in the PM, suggesting translocation akin to that of the GLUT4 glucose transporter. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2)/synaptobrevin-II, a protein associated with regulated exocytosis in secretory cells, also redistributed in response to insulin. Both cellubrevin and VAMP-2 were susceptible to cleavage by tetanus toxin. Immunopurified GLUT4-containing vesicles contained cellubrevin and VAMP-2, and immunopurified cellubrevin-containing vesicles contained GLUT4 protein, but undiscernible amounts of VAMP-2. These observations suggest that cellubrevin and VAMP-2 are constituents of the insulin-regulated pathway of membrane traffic. These results are the first demonstration that cellubrevin is present in a regulated intracellular compartment. We hypothesize that cellubrevin and VAMP-2 may be present in different subsets of GLUT4-containing vesicles.
Engineering a soluble parathyroid hormone GPCR mimetic

We designed and characterized a soluble mimic of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (PTH1R) that incorporates the N‐terminus and third extracellular loop of PTH1R, important for ligand binding. The engineered receptor (PTH1R‐NE3) was conceived to enable easy production and the use of standard biochemical and biophysical assays for the screening of competitive antagonists of PTH. We show that PTH1R‐NE3 is folded, thermodynamically stable and selectively binds PTH. We also demonstrate the utility of our mimic by identifying a small molecule that competes with PTH in our PTH1R‐NE3‐based fluorescence polarization assay. Antagonists to PTH1R, a transmembrane protein belonging to the class B G‐protein coupled receptor family, may provide new therapeutic options for calcium metabolism diseases like humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Proteins 2014; 82:1370–1375. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of a reconfigurable multi-core architecture for streaming applications with a case study on performance evaluation of FIR-filters

This paper presents a reconfigurable multi-core architecture which is composed of nine nodes connected to each other in a mesh topology network. The central node hosts a general purpose processor and serves as the system controller and the surrounding nodes are equipped with coarse grain reconfigurable arrays that provide hardware flexibility and parallelism. This architecture is mainly targeted for streaming applications. As a case study, performance and hardware usage for implementations of FIR filters with different number of taps are presented. Each implementation was prototyped on an Altera FPGA and to ensure the correctness of the system, RTL simulations were carried out. The performance results were compared with the same applications implemented on a single-core processor. The timing analyses show speed-ups up to 3.6x.
Prepoznavanje starosti oseb s slik obrazov z uporabo konvolucijskih nevronskih mrež

Diplomsko delo pokaže celoten postopek razvoja resitve problema prepoznavanja starosti oseb s slik. Zacnemo s teoreticnimi osnovami o konvolucijskih nevronskih mrežah, s pomocjo katerih smo se tudi lotili problema. V prakticnem delu sledi priprava podatkov in ucenje sestavljenega modela nevronske mreže, kjer smo izbrali znano VGG arhitekturo. Naucen model preizkusimo se na tekmovanju LAP, da dobimo rezultate, ki jih nato primerjamo z resitvami ostalih ekip. Nasi rezultati so se kljub nekoliko preprostejsemu pristopu izkazali za precej vzpodbudne, saj smo dosegli manjso napako kot clovek ter se uvrstili na 4. mesto med 11 ekipami.
OBADE: cognitive modelling with objects

We realize a computer simulation of children's reasoning in arithmetic word problem solving. The model parses the terms provided to the system in natural language and, while it performs this task, it tries to build its representation of the described situation by the way that the child elaborates a mental problem representation. This image results from three components: semantic knowledge, text comprehension process, and problem‐solving strategies.
Soft‐tissue management with immediate free flap transfer in segmental prosthetic replacement of proximal tibia sarcomas

Knee reconstruction with endoprosthesis after tumor resection is accepted as superior when compared with the other methods. But sometimes soft tissue reconstruction would be a challenging problem in this way of treatment. Five patients who were operated for tumor resection in this location, followed by reconstruction were presented with their one‐year post operative results. Four latissimus dorsi and one rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flaps were used in these patients in order to manage soft tissue problems. All patients underwent chemotherapy in postoperative period. All flaps were successful in one year post operative examination. In this report we would like to stress the importance of surgical planning and soft tissue reconstruction of a specific patient population. We think that large musculocutaneous flaps such as latissimus dorsi and rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps should be preferred in soft tissue reconstruction of knee region after tumor resection followed by prosthetic replacement. Additionally, this way of treatment is superior when compared to the other methods in order to prevent complications such as prosthesis exposure or infection. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Lecture 12 : Input and output queueing

We’ll continue our discussion of the data plane this lecture, but focus on the queueing subsystem within a router’s data plane. But first, what is the source of queues within a router’s data plane? Queues arise because multiple input ports on a router might want to send packets to the same output port. A number of scenarios can result in this type of multiple-input-single-output (also known as fanin/incast) behavior. One example is that of several client machines talking to a single server machine as in the case of a flash crowd to a very popular server. Another example scenario is what happens internally at a search provider like Google when a user issues a search query: the search query is received by a frontend Google server, which then delegates the query to several worker machines, where each worker machine runs the user’s search query on a subset of the Internet’s web pages that Google has previously crawled. These worker machines all return their query results to the frontend server at roughly the same time (because they are all given the same time budget to work on their queries). This causes a fanin or incast at the frontend server. When multiple inputs send packets to the same output at roughly the same time, we need to deal with the fact that the input arrival rate is higher than the output departure rate—at least temporarily. The standard solution is to transmit as many packets as the output port can transmit and queue up the rest somewhere for later transmission. If the situation persists, the queue might overflow and drop packets. This is what causes TCP’s AIMD algorithm to cut its window in half. In this lecture, we’ll look at a few architectures for organizing these queues within a router and their associated tradeoffs. We’ll finally discuss how technology trends determine the right choice of the architecture for the queueing subsystem.
Expression of Adhesion Factors Induced by Epileptiform Activity in the Endothelium of the Isolated Guinea Pig Brain In Vitro

Summary: Purpose: Brain inflammation has been recently considered in the pathogenesis of focal epilepsies. Synthesis of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the brain was described both in experimental models of seizures and in human postsurgical tissue. Inflammatory mediators may up‐regulate endothelial adhesion molecules, therefore promoting adhesion and homing of leucocytes into the brain. In the present study, expression of inducible adhesion factors in brain endothelium was verified after pharmacological induction of seizure‐like activity in specific brain areas of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain.