Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from computed radiography.

PURPOSE This study was undertaken to see if computed radiography (CR) could be used to estimate pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). METHODS Radiographic measurements of pulmonary artery-bronchus ratios (ABR), cardiomegaly, interstitial edema, alveolar edema, and pleural effusion, obtained from portable CR images of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, were compared to hemodynamic measurements of PCWP. We prospectively predicted a normal PCWP when ABR was < or = 1.0, and an elevated PCWP when ABR was > or = 1.1. RESULTS There was a significant difference between mean ABR in those with normal PCWP (1.014 +/- 0.259) and those with elevated PCWP (1.422 +/- 0.234) (p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between PCWP and ABR (r = 0.38, r2 = 0.147, p = 0.0001). ABR was 95% sensitive, 86% specific, and 93% accurate in predicting PCWP (p = 0.0001). Cardiomegaly, interstitial edema, alveolar edema, and pleural effusion were not as useful. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of ABR from portable CR images can be used to estimate PCWP.
Studies by mathematical and physical modelling of fluid flow and inclusion removal phenomena in slab tundish for casting stainless steel using various flow control device designs

Abstract A mathematical model, based on the SOLA-SURF scheme and k-ϵ two equation model (where k is the turbulence kinetic energy and ϵ is its dissipation), has been developed to simulate the fluid flow and mass transfer phenomena as well as inclusion removal rate for a single strand stainless steel continuous casting tundish under various designs of flow control device (FCD). A physical model, one-third the scale of the actual slab continuous casting tundish, has also been constructed to observe/measure the fluid flow and mass transfer phenomena directly. The experimental observations/measurements have been used to validate the mathematical model. Satisfactory consistency is noted when the simulated results are compared with the experimental results. The verified mathematical model has been applied to the actual slab continuous casting tundish to evaluate the effects of FCD design on the fluid flow-mass transfer phenomena and inclusion removal rate. It has been found that incorporation of a pouring pad underneath the long nozzle can enhance the opportunity for inclusions to float, and achieves the highest removal rate of inclusions among the four FCD designs evaluated.
Structural Mapping of Paper Towels: Comparison of Twin Laser Profilometry and Synchrotron X-ray Micro-computed Tomography

STRUCTURAL MAPPING OF PAPER TOWELS: COMPARISON OF TWIN LASER PROFILOMETRY AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY by Yan Huang This investigation was to compare the structural properties, of commercial available single ply paper towels, as they vary in X-Y plane. The focus was to quantify the differences in selected regions of interest, as measured by two analytical methods, non-contact Twin Laser Profilometry (TLP) and synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRμCT). The thickness and out-of-plane deformation (OPD) distributions were mapped using a TLP and XRμCT. The XRμCT samples were further used to calculate for the mass center surface. TLP enables web structures to be mapped to a micrometer resolution over 12.5mm regions. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography method provides sub-micrometer resolution of the complete volumetric structure (1.4mm1.4 mm  thickness (μm)) for the imaged region. The features of individual fibers are revealed by XRμCT method, so that the true surface geometry may be quantified. STRUCTURAL MAPPING OF PAPER TOWELS: COMPARISON OF TWIN LASER PROFILOMETRY AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Paper and Chemical Engineering by Yan Huang Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2010 Advisor: Dr. D. S. Keller Reader: Dr. D. W. Coffin Reader: Dr. S. Lalvani
A plea for more careful presentation of near‐surface air temperature data in geomorphology

Geomorphologists often provide near‐surface air temperature data for their study sites in publications. This is usually in the form of mean annual or monthly temperature. Inspection of papers in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms for 2004, 2005 and 2006 has shown that the source of these data is usually not given. Problems arise because scientists derive ‘mean temperature’ in different ways, which do not give the same result. It is suggested that a protocol is followed when presenting near‐surface air temperature data for journal publication as part of site descriptions or results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic instrumented palpation (DIP)—a new method for soft tissue quality assessment; application to engineered mechanical phantom materials

This paper presents a novel way of assessing the quality of biological tissue for diagnostic purposes, dynamic instrumented palpation. The method involves applying a controlled modulated strain or displacement to the tissue and measuring the resulting force as a function of time. The method is distinct from dynamic elastography in that the force and displacement are applied and measured by direct mechanical means at relatively low frequency (up to a few tens of Hz) and is more akin to a conventional mechanical test. The dynamic relationship between the force/stress and the strain/displacement is expressed as a function of frequency, this function being the measure to be correlated with tissue quality. The method is applied here to indentation of a set of engineered phantoms, intended to represent a controlled range of tissue quality, by altering the type and distribution of a harder and a softer phase. In the present work, the phantom tissues were engineered from natural and synthetic sponges impregnated with either silicone or gelatin, although the ultimate application is to human prostate, which can be considered as a biphasic structure (at least at the macro-scale), to distinguish between benign prostate disease and cancer. The work demonstrates that a range of frequencies can be used to yield a characteristic for the material which depends not only on the material type(s) but also on the morphology of the constituents. The method, therefore, shows good promise for application to the identification of multicomponent soft tissue make-up. As such, it is complementary to dynamic elastography, and its value lies in it being deployable in vivo as an adjunct during minimally invasive interventions. Future work will be aimed at establishing the capability of the method on human prostate tissue both in vitro and in vivo.
Human Neuroscience

through connections to the SC, some direct and some through the BG nuclei (Munoz and Everling, 2004). The cortical frontal and supplementary eye fi elds (FEF/SEF) and lateral-intra-parietal eye fi elds contribute to saccadic eye movement generation and project directly to the midbrain oculomotor structure superior colliculus (SC) through the cortico-tectal tract (Segraves et al., 1987). The SC is the main gateway to the oculomotor nuclei in the brainstem that directly control the extra-ocular eye muscles (Sparks, 2002). Projections from the FEF/SEF to the SC are relayed through the BG in two parallel pathways using multiple inhibitory synapses (Hikosaka et al., 2000), see also Figure 1. The excitatory direct pathway starts with projections from the FEF to the caudate nucleus (CN) that inhibit the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) that itself normally tonically inhibits the SC. Therefore the direct pathway provides a net excitatory infl uence of the FEF over the SC as tonic inhibition of the SC is released when the pathway is activated. The inhibitory indirect pathway between FEF and SC through the BG runs from the FEF/SEF to the CN, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN), the SNpr, and fi nally the SC (Munoz and Everling, 2004). Although it was suggested that this pathway might prevent inappropriate automatic eye movements evoked by the SC (Munoz and Everling, 2004), many uncertainties remain how this complex system controls purposeful eye movements.
Cortical Activity During Cross-Modal Integration of Simple Audio-Visual Stimuli PICS

Our environment contains objects that possess qualities in many modalities. As such we see a piano and at the same time hear its characteristic sound. Usually, we perceive the audio and visual information as belonging to one object. Up to now, two suggestions have been made how this binding mechanism of multimodal information might work. One is based on neurons that encode with higher sensory areas more and more complex features of sensory input. Another approach focuses on temporal patterns of neuronal activity that links regions of similar oscillatory properties. In this experiment we presented artificial auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli with congruent and incongruent dynamic properties to subjects and recorded their cortical activity with EEG. Unimodal trials were created by two sequential auditory or visual stimuli whereas multimodal trials consisted of parallel presentation of auditory and visual components. In both trials subjects were asked to judge whether they perceived similar changing stimuli. The aim of this thesis was to compare unimodal and multimodal trials with respect to similar mental processes, to examine integration effects of audiovisual stimuli and to compare congruency conditions. ERP and Frequency-Power (FP) analyses were performed and power in Time-Frequency space was computed. Significant differences were found for the first and second stimuli (ERPs and FP), for the integration contrast (ERPs) and the congruency contrast (FP). At a descriptive level evoked power showed constant enhancement for congruent stimuli for a parieto-occipital and constant change for three bands in the gamma range for a fronto-central cluster. The results led to the conclusion that first and second unimodal stimuli as well as unimodal and multimodal trials incorporated different mental processes and thus were inappropriate for detecting late integration effects. The congruency contrast revealed similar ERPs and some differences in FP in the theta (3-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) band. However, the conclusion that this enhanced activity is related to a binding mechanism should be taken with care due to high interindividual variations. A coherence analysis of the same data set is necessary to reveal processes that might reflect crossmodal binding.
Implementation of a Customizable Security-Aware Virtual Network

In this paper, we briefly describe the implementation of a feature that allows the FITS testbed to create secure virtual networks using different ciphers and cipher modes with it. The aim of this work is to provide an easy way to manage a virtual network cryptography, allowing the testbed users to perform several tests related to network security inside the FITS testbed.
A mobile SIP: IP mobility support using SIP

Mobile IP has been around for some time but has yet to make a major impact. This is due partly to the infrastructure set-up required. In this paper, we describe Mobile SIP (MSIP), which uses the widely deployed SIP server together with an innovative IP-to-IP address mapping scheme, to provide terminal mobility. From our analysis, we show that MSIP is much more efficient than Mobile IP in terms of hop count as well as overhead.
Learning to recognise mental activities: genetic programming of stateful classifiers for brain-computer interfacing

Two families (stateful and stateless) of genetically programmed classifiers were tested on a five class brain-computer interface (BCI) data set of raw EEG signals. The ability of evolved classifiers to discriminate mental tasks from each other were analysed in terms of accuracy, precision and recall. A model describing the dynamics of state usage in stateful programs is introduced. An investigation of relationships between the model attributes and associated classification results was made. The results show that both stateful and stateless programs can be successfully evolved for this task, though stateful programs start from lower fitness and take longer to evolve.
Critical Considerations for Human-Robot Interface Development

The purpose of this paper is to draw upon the vast bank of Human Factors Research and indicate how the existing results may be applied to the field of HumanRobotic interfaces (HRIs). HRI development tends to be an after thought, as researchers approach the problem from an engineering perspective. Such a perspective implies that the HRI is designed and developed after the majority of the robotic system design has been completed. Additionally, many researchers claim that their HRI is “intuitive”, “easy to use”, etc. without including actual users in the design process or performing proper user testing. This paper attempts to indicate the importance of developing an HRI that meets the users’ needs and requirements while simultaneously developing the robot system. There exists a vast pool of Human Factors research based upon complex systems. This research contains many results and theories that may be applied to the development of HRIs.
The detection of vegetational change by multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data: the effects of goose foraging

1 The North American mid‐continent population of lesser snow geese now exceeds 3 million birds and the population is increasing in the order of 7% per annum. The foraging activities of the birds on Arctic breeding grounds are leading to loss of vegetation and habitat destruction, particularly in coastal areas bordering the Hudson and James Bays.
Prevalence of Cancer in Membranous Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Background: The association between membranous nephropathy (MN) and cancer has been well documented. However, the true prevalence and characteristics of cancer associated with MN have not been well described. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted to summarize the prevalence of cancer-associated MN as well as patient characteristics and types of cancer in this population. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the prevalence of cancer. Results: We included 6 studies (n = 785). The estimated prevalence of cancer was 10.0% (95% CI, 6.1-14.6). The mean age of MN patients with cancer was 67 ± 7 years. The diagnosis of cancer preceded the diagnosis of MN in 20 ± 6.8%. Lung cancer was the most common type of tumor, accounting for 22 cases (26%), followed by prostate cancer (13 cases, 15%), hematologic malignancies (12 cases, 14%), colorectal cancer (9 cases, 11%), breast cancer (6 cases, 7%), and stomach and esophageal cancer (5 cases, 6%). Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of cancer in patients with MN is 10% (95% CI, 6.1-14.6). The vast majority of tumors associated with MN are lung and prostate cancer. Hematologic malignancies should also be considered as one of the potential cancers associated with MN. Our study was based on a largely Caucasian population; therefore, the findings might not be applicable to other populations.
Protective effect of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. root extract against cisplatin-induced cytogenetic damage in mouse bone marrow cells

The aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots was investigated for its in vivo antigenotoxic effect against cisplatin-induced cytogenetic damage. Swiss albino mice were administered with various doses of the extract either singly (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) or as split doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg bw/day) for five consecutive days by oral gavage. As endpoints, chromosome aberrations, micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes, mitotic index and PCE/NCE ratio were estimated. The extract protected the bone marrow cells from cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in an inverse dose-dependent manner. However, the extract was cytotoxic at all doses. But, under split dose regime it conferred a higher level of genoprotection and was not cytotoxic at the lower two doses. The presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins in the crude extract could explain these effects.
Phase-dependent responses evoked in limb muscles by stimulation of medullary reticular formation during locomotion in thalamic cats.

Electromyographic and kinematic responses of all four limbs were studied when loci within the medullary reticular formation (MRF) were stimulated (30-ms train of 0.2-ms pulses at 300 Hz, strength 35 microA) during treadmill locomotion in spontaneously walking thalamic cats. Responses could be evoked in flexor or extensor muscles of any given limb by such stimulation, depending on the time during the step cycle at which the stimulus was delivered. Stimulation normally excited flexor muscles but could either excite or inhibit extensor muscles depending on the exact position of the electrode. Excitatory responses in extensor muscles were often followed by a short period of inhibition of activity. The responses in muscles of the opposing limbs of the same girdle were, in general, reciprocally organized. For instance, a stimulus delivered during the swing phase of the ipsilateral limb normally evoked excitatory responses both in flexor muscles of that limb and in extensor muscles of the contralateral limb. The same stimulus delivered during the stance phase of the ipsilateral limb evoked excitatory responses in ipsilateral extensor muscles and in contralateral flexor muscles. Responses were also observed at the same time in fore- and hindlimbs that were well organized with respect to the locomotor cycle. Seventy-five percent of all responses occurred within 8-20 ms of the onset of the stimulus train. Responses evoked in muscles of the opposing limbs of one girdle (e.g., a flexor of one limb and an extensor of the other) had similar latencies, suggesting that the responses were synchronously organized on both sides of the body rather than one being a consequence of the other. Although the majority of responses in a given muscle were elicited during its period of activity, responses could occasionally be evoked when there was no activity in that muscle or could be absent despite activity in the muscle. The short trains of stimuli were normally potent enough to affect the limb trajectory, which reflected changes in the onset or the offset of the activity of most muscles. Thus the stimuli effectively changed both the duration of the period of activity in these muscles and the overall step cycle. Longer trains of stimuli (200 ms) markedly amplified these changes to the point of completely resetting the locomotor rhythm. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Investigation of Functionally Graded and Viscoelastic Layers Effects on the Dynamic Behavior of Functionally Graded Electro-Rheological Sandwich Beams

Vibration characteristics of functionally graded electro-rheological (FGER) sandwich beams are investigated. While a vast majority of studies have been reported about functionally graded material (FGM) or electrorheological fluids (ERF) composite beams, few, if any, works are conducted about FGER models. In order to validate the present finite element formulation of the FGER beam model, the results of the developed finite element (FE) model are compared with the results of an experimental test on a fabricated ERF composite beam. The effects of FGM volume fraction index, electric field, and thickness of the viscoelastic core are studied on the natural frequencies and modal loss factors of the FGER beam.
One-Pot Lipase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)-(−)-N-Benzyl-3-(benzylamino)butanamide: The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Enantioselectivity

The use of the solvent engineering has been applied for controlling the resolution of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of β-aminoacids via Michael addition reactions. The strategy consisted of the thermodynamic control of products at equilibrium using the lipase CalB as a catalyst. The enzymatic chemo- and enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(−)-N-benzyl-3-(benzylamino)butanamide is reported, showing the influence of the solvent on the chemoselectivity of the aza-Michael addition and the subsequent kinetic resolution of the Michael adduct; both processes are catalyzed by CalB and both are influenced by the nature of the solvent medium. This approach allowed us to propose a novel one-pot strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β-aminoesters and β-aminoacids.
Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) Nanosheet Inks Evaluated for Printed Electronics and Application to Thin-Film Transistors

Inkjet printing is a versatile deposition technique that has been used for the fabrication of electronic circuits, from simple conductive tracks to complete 3D logic circuits. The emergence of solutionprocessable 2D layered materials pushes the performance boundaries of printed devices. The use of 2D functional materials combined with the growing knowledge in the eld of inkjet printing processing has great potential for competing with traditional fabrication methods in terms of performance and cost. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is the most researched 2D semiconductor owing to its tunable bandgap, high mobility and photo-responsivity and mechanical exibility. Solution-processable MoS2 is needed for large-scale device fabrication. Unlike large MoS2 sheets, nano-scale sheets can be easily stabilized in suspension and used in various deposition methods. However, nanosheet MoS2 suspensions were used so far to fabricate two-terminal devices, with limited or no results for thinlm transistors. In this research, a signi cant rst step was taken in studying the behaviour of MoS2 nanosheet suspensions through the introduction of ethyl cellulose as a stabilizing agent and the modi cation of substrate temperature and surface energy via hydrophobic coatings of the target substrates for improved printability and lm formation. For the rst time, it was shown that the ring-stain e ect can be directly exploited for the fabrication of circular devices using inkjet printing. Minimal suspension concentration of 3.7 mg L was evaluated for the rst time by a continuum percolation simulation using real particle size distribution. Stability of MoS2 nanosheets under thermal treatment was studied for the rst time and a decomposition temperature of 200°C in air and 300°C is inert atmosphere was determined. It was shown that thick lms exhibit bulk conductivity but no eld-e ect was observed. In conclusion, the minimal concentration evaluation and the results of the thermal stability study imposed limitations on process development, which were addressed during device fabrication. Topcontact device architecture was shown to be superior to bottom-contact device architecture. The absence of an observable eld-e ect was attributed to poor inter-sheet charge transport.
Under-sampling and Image Reconstruction for Scanning Electron Microscopes

Electron Microscopes have been used to investigate materials from micron to nano scale. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) as well as scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) can acquire image data relatively fast, however acquiring spectroscopic data requires longer data collection times. Depending on the desired resolution or sample area, this can make a significant difference in the duration and feasibility of the experiment. Moreover, for electron beam sensitive samples, it is necessary to acquire the image data with minimal exposure time as not to further damage the sample [1]. Here, we propose an under-sampling and reconstruction method to reduce the data collection time while maintaining imaging accuracy.