Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Luminosity-dependent changes of the cyclotron line energy and spectral hardness in Cepheus X-4

Context. X-ray spectra of accreting pulsars are generally observed to vary with their X-ray luminosity. In particular, the hardness of the X-ray continuum is found to depend on luminosity. In a few sources, the correlation between the energy of the cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) and the luminosity is clear. Different types (signs) of the correlation are believed to reflect different accretion modes. Aims. We analyse two NuSTAR observations of the transient accreting pulsar Cep X-4 during its 2014 outburst. Our analysis is focused on a detailed investigation of the dependence of the CRSF energy and of the spectral hardness on X-ray luminosity, especially on short timescales. Methods. To investigate the spectral changes as a function of luminosity within each of the two observations, we used the intrinsic variability of the source on the timescale of individual pulse cycles (tens of seconds), the so-called pulse-to-pulse variability. Results. We find that the NuSTAR spectrum of Cep X-4 contains two CRSFs: the fundamental line at ~30 keV and its harmonic at ~55 keV. We find for the first time that the energy of the fundamental CRSF increases and the continuum becomes harder with increasing X-ray luminosity not only between the two observations, that is, on the long timescale, but also within an individual observation, on the timescale of a few tens of seconds. We investigate these dependencies in detail including their non-linearity. We discuss a possible physical interpretation of the observed behaviour in the frame of a simple one-dimensional model of the polar emitting region with a collisionless shock formed in the infalling plasma near the neutron star surface. With this model, we are able to reproduce the observed variations of the continuum hardness ratio and of the CRSF energy with luminosity.
Virtual Queue Occupancy and Its Applications on Periodic Bandwidth On Demand Schemes for IP/SONET

Carrying IP traffic over connection-oriented networks requires the use of bandwidth on demand schemes at gateways or network interfaces. A new virtual queue occupancy, which is more accurate than the classical one, is being proposed for IP/SONET bandwidth on demand. Based on the virtual queue occupancy, two enhanced periodic approaches for lossless services, LAVQ and LAVQL, are simulated and evaluated. Simulations show that LAVQ outperforms its counterpart LAQ in terms of bandwidth utilization. By curbing the queue occupancy fluctuation, LAVQL further promotes bandwidth utilization and conceals the influence of the system latency on delay jitter as well.
Interfacing Techniques for Electromagnetic Field and Circuit Simulation Programs IEEE Task Force on Interfacing Techniques for Simulation Tools

Interfacing of disparate simulation programs is increasingly undertaken to gain a deeper understanding of their functionality and exploit their merits for modeling complex systems. In this paper, techniques for interfacing field and circuit equations of low-frequency electromagnetic apparatus are reviewed, analyzed, and classified into two main categories of direct and indirect methods according to the coupling method. Each category includes a vast array of techniques employing different methods for circuit modeling. The field analysis is restricted to 2-D finite-element method, which is a widely used numerical technique for modeling magnetic behavior of power apparatus. The main features and problems associated with each technique are summarized. Methods for coupling of mechanical equations are addressed in a separate section. A comprehensive list of references is also included at the end of this paper to provide further information to the readers.
Oxytocin and Serotonin Brain Mechanisms in the Nonhuman Primate

Oxytocin (OT) is increasingly studied for its therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders, which are associated with the deregulation of several neurotransmission systems. Studies in rodents demonstrated that the interaction between OT and serotonin (5-HT) is critical for several aspects of social behavior. Using PET scan in humans, we have recently found that 5-HT 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) function is modified after intranasal oxytocin intake. However, the underlying mechanism between OT and 5-HT remains unclear. To understand this interaction, we tested 3 male macaque monkeys using both [11C]DASB and [18F]MPPF, two PET radiotracers, marking the serotonin transporter and the 5-HT1AR, respectively. Oxytocin (1 IU in 20 μl of ACSF) or placebo was injected into the brain lateral ventricle 45 min before scans. Additionally, we performed postmortem autoradiography. Compared with placebo, OT significantly reduced [11C]DASB binding potential in right amygdala, insula, and hippocampus, whereas [18F]MPPF binding potential increased in right amygdala and insula. Autoradiography revealed that [11C]DASB was sensitive to physiological levels of 5-HT modification, and that OT does not act directly on the 5-HT1AR. Our results show that oxytocin administration in nonhuman primates influences serotoninergic neurotransmission via at least two ways: (1) by provoking a release of serotonin in key limbic regions; and (2) by increasing the availability of 5-HT1AR receptors in the same limbic areas. Because these two molecules are important for social behavior, our study sheds light on the specific nature of their interaction, therefore helping to develop new mechanisms-based therapies for psychiatric disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Social behavior is largely controlled by brain neuromodulators, such as oxytocin and serotonin. While these are currently targeted in the context of psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, a new promising pharmaceutical strategy is to study the interaction between these systems. Here we depict the interplay between oxytocin and serotonin in the nonhuman primate brain. We found that oxytocin provokes the release of serotonin, which in turn impacts on the serotonin 1A receptor system, by modulating its availability. This happens in several key brain regions for social behavior, such as the amygdala and insula. This novel finding can open ways to advance treatments where drugs are combined to influence several neurotransmission networks.
SNA Flow Control: Architecture and Implementation

To allow better network utilization, Systems Network Architecture (SNA), the IBM data communications architecture, includes flow control procedures to guard against data overrun to devices and to prevent network congestion. The measurement of "congestion" used by SNA to regulate traffic flow is performed by various SNA products. This paper describes the flow control protocols in SNA and the implementation of these protocols in the Network Control Program (ACF/NCP/VS Release 3).
Sum-rate maximization for spectrum-sharing cognitive multiple access channels without successive interference cancellation

In this paper, the sum-rate of a cognitive multiple access channel (C-MAC) is studied, where a secondary network (SN) with multiple secondary users (SUs) transmitting to a secondary base station (SBS) shares the spectrum band with a primary user (PU). An interference power constraint (IPC) is imposed on the SN to protect the PU. Under the IPC and the individual transmit power constraint (TPC) imposed on each SU, we investigate the power allocation strategies to maximize the sum-rate of the C-MAC without successive interference cancellation (SIC). We prove that the optimal solution must be at the extreme points of the feasible region. We show that Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access (D-TDMA) is optimal with high probability when the number of SUs is large. Furthermore, we show through simulations that the optimal power allocation to maximize the sum-rate of the C-MAC with SIC is optimal or near-optimal for our setting when D-TDMA is not optimal.
Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States : recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems

We review twentieth century and projected twenty-first century changes in climatic and hydrologic conditions in the northeastern United States and the implications of these changes for forest ecosystems. Climate warming and in- creases in precipitation and associated changes in snow and hydrologic regimes have been observed over the last century, with the most pronounced changes occurring since 1970. Trends in specific climatic and hydrologic variables differ in their responses spatially (e.g., coastal vs. inland) and temporally (e.g., spring vs. summer). Trends can differ depending on the period of record analyzed, hinting at the role of decadal-scale climatic variation that is superimposed over the longer- term trend. Model predictions indicate that continued increases in temperature and precipitation across the northeastern United States can be expected over the next century. Ongoing increases in growing season length (earlier spring and later autumn) will most likely increase evapotranspiration and frequency of drought. In turn, an increase in the frequency of drought will likely increase the risk of fire and negatively impact forest productivity, maple syrup production, and the in- tensity of autumn foliage coloration. Climate and hydrologic changes could have profound effects on forest structure, com- position, and ecological functioning in response to the changes discussed here and as described in related articles in this issue of the Journal.
A novel fortified blended flour, corn-soy blend "plus-plus," is not inferior to lipid-based ready-to-use supplementary foods for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Malawian children.

BACKGROUND Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are often treated with fortified blended flours, most commonly a corn-soy blend (CSB). However, recovery rates remain <75%, lower than the rate achieved with peanut paste-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSFs). To bridge this gap, a novel CSB recipe fortified with oil and dry skim milk, "CSB++," has been developed. OBJECTIVE In this trial we compared CSB++ with 2 RUSF products for the treatment of MAM to test the hypothesis that the recovery rate achieved with CSB++ will not be >5% worse than that achieved with either RUSF. DESIGN We conducted a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled noninferiority trial involving rural Malawian children aged 6-59 mo with MAM. Children received 75 kcal CSB++ · kg(-1) · d(-1), locally produced soy RUSF, or an imported soy/whey RUSF for ≤12 wk. RESULTS The recovery rate for CSB++ (n = 763 of 888; 85.9%) was similar to that for soy RUSF (795 of 806, 87.7%; risk difference: -1.82%; 95% CI: -4.95%, 1.30%) and soy/whey RUSF (807 of 918, 87.9%; risk difference: -1.99%; 95% CI: -5.10%, 1.13%). On average, children who received CSB++ required 2 d longer to recover, and the rate of weight gain was less than that with either RUSF, although height gain was the same among all 3 foods studied. CONCLUSIONS A novel, locally produced, fortified blended flour (CSB++) was not inferior to a locally produced soy RUSF and an imported soy/whey RUSF in facilitating recovery from MAM. The recovery rate observed for CSB++ was higher than that for any other fortified blended flour tested previously. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00998517.
Development and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films of Nebivolol

1with the nasal mucosa and skin) to potential sensitizers. The potential of the buccal mucosa as an alternative site for the delivery of drugs into the systemic circulation has recently received much attention. There are many reasons why the buccal mucosa might be an attractive site for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the systemic circulation. Due to the direct drainage of blood from the buccal epithelium into the internal jugular vein, the first-pass metabolism in the liver and intestine may be avoided. This first-pass effect is a major reason for the poor bioavailability of some compounds when administered orally. Additionally, the mucosa lining the oral cavity is easily accessible, which ensures that a dosage form can be applied to the required site and can be removed easily 2 in case of emergency. The oral cavity is a moist environment; the membranes that line the oral cavity are covered with mucus which is derived mainly from minor salivary glands and are constantly bathed in saliva, an aqueous substance rich in inorganic salts, proteins and bacteria. Saliva has a variety of functions and is continuously secreted into, distributed around and removed 3 from the oral cavity .
Secretome analysis of differentially induced proteins in rice suspension‐cultured cells triggered by rice blast fungus and elicitor

Secreted proteins were investigated in rice suspension‐cultured cells treated with rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and its elicitor using biochemical and 2‐DE coupled with MS analyses followed by their in planta mRNA expression analysis. M. grisea and elicitor successfully interacted with suspension‐cultured cells and prepared secreted proteins from these cultures were essentially intracellular proteins free. Comparative 2‐D gel analyses identified 21 differential protein spots due to M. grisea and/or elicitor over control. MALDI‐TOF‐MS and μLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analyses of these protein spots revealed that most of assigned proteins were involved in defense such as nine chitinases, two germin A/oxalate oxidases, five domain unknown function 26 (DUF 26) secretory proteins, and β‐expansin. One chitin binding chitinase protein was isolated using chitin binding beads and strong enzymatic activity was identified in an in‐gel assay. Interestingly, their protein abundance correlated well at transcript levels in elicitor‐treated cultures as judged by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Each identified differentially expressed protein group was compared at transcript levels in rice leaves inoculated with incompatible (KJ401) and compatible (KJ301) races of M. grisea. Time‐course profiling revealed their inductions were stronger and earlier in incompatible than compatible interactions. Identified secreted proteins and their expression correlation at transcript level in suspension‐cultured cells and also in planta suggest that suspension‐cultured cells can be useful to investigate the secretome of rice blast–pathogen interactions.
Use of a polymerase chain reaction to subtype Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, an increasingly important pathogen from farmed deer in New Zealand

Abstract AIMS: To review the number of microbiologically-confirmed cases of Johne's disease in farmed deer since 2000, and determine the prevalence of the bovine and ovine subtypes of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), using a highly specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on samples from infected herds. METHODS: The number of cases of M. paratuberculosis in farmed deer identified by culture or IS900 PCR was documented. A highly specific PCR test was applied to subtype M. paratuberculosis from BACTEC 12B cultures selected on the basis of one culture per deer herd, to give a wide coverage of herds in New Zealand. RESULTS: From January 2001 to October 2005, M. paratuberculosis was isolated from 1,141 farmed deer, and has now been identified by microbiological testing in over 600 deer herds in New Zealand. The bovine subtype of M. paratuberculosis was shown by a highly specific PCR test to be present in 91/95 herds examined; the ovine subtype was found in the remaining four herds. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2000, there has been a substantial increase in both the number of microbiologically-confirmed cases of Johne's disease in farmed deer and the number of infected herds. Johne's disease is now widespread and common in deer herds throughout New Zealand. Whilst the bovine subtype of M. paratuberculosis predominates in deer herds in New Zealand in which Johne's disease has been confirmed, the occasional finding of the ovine subtype highlights the need to consider both sheep and cattle as potential sources of infection for farmed deer.
Long-term clinical outcome of extensive pulmonary vein isolation-based catheter ablation therapy in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation

Objective To examine the long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) for either paroxysmal (PAF) or persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) using an extensive pulmonary vein isolation (EPVI)-based strategy. Methods and results 574 patients (61±9 years; 449 men) with drug-refractory PAF or PsAF underwent CA. Ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PVs) were isolated with extensive antral ablation. A cavotricuspid isthmus line with bidirectional conduction block was created and all non-PV triggers of AF ablated at the index procedure. Left atrial linear ablation was performed in patients with PsAF if AF remained inducible. Patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias had previous lesions assessed and consolidated. With mean follow up of 27±14 months after the final procedure, 480 patients (83.6%) were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs (1.4±0.6 procedures). The single procedure success rate without antiarrhythmic drugs was 65.5%. A late recurrence (>6 months after the initial procedure) and very late recurrence (>12 months) were seen in 1.6% and 1.7% of patients, respectively. All patients with a late recurrence had PV reconnection, with one patient also demonstrating a non-PV trigger. In comparison, non-PV triggers of AF accounted for 85.7% of very late recurrences with no evidence of PV reconduction. Conclusions EPVI-based CA is effective in maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with PAF and PsAF over the long term. Recurrent AF after 1 year is mainly due to non-PV triggers, suggestive of an ongoing pathological process.
Symptoms and cognition as predictors of community functioning: a prospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that level of cognitive functioning as assessed by formal neurocognitive tests may be as important as, or even more important than, symptoms in predicting level of community functioning for patients with schizophrenia. The results of past prospective studies, when carefully examined, do not consistently support this hypothesis. In the current study, the authors used symptom and neurocognitive data to predict subsequent level of functioning in the community. METHOD Neurocognitive and symptom data collected as part of an earlier study were used to predict the community functioning of 50 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Using the Life Skills Profile, staff of a community mental health program assessed community functioning while blind to the earlier symptom ratings and neurocognitive performance. RESULTS Symptoms were more predictive of community functioning than were neurocognitive measures. Disorganization symptoms were generally more predictive of community functioning than was either psychomotor poverty or reality distortion. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study and of previous longitudinal studies suggest the importance of using symptom levels after optimal treatment, rather than symptoms during acute episodes, as predictors of community functioning. They also indicate the need to evaluate the effects of treatment on disorganization as a separable dimension of symptoms.
Perceiving and Confronting Sexism

Although many researchers have explored the relations among gender identification, discriminatory attributions, and intentions to challenge discrimination, few have examined the causal impact of gender identity salience on women’s actual responses to a sexist encounter. In the current study, we addressed this question by experimentally manipulating the salience of gender identity and assessing its impact on women’s decision to confront a sexist comment in a simulated online interaction. Female participants (N = 114) were randomly assigned to complete a short measure of either personal or collective self-esteem, which was designed to increase the salience of personal versus gender identity. They were then given the opportunity to confront a male interaction partner who expressed sexist views. Compared to those who were primed to focus on their personal identity, participants who were primed to focus on their gender identity perceived the interaction partner’s remarks as more sexist and were more likely to engage in confrontation. By highlighting the powerful role of subtle contextual cues in shaping women’s perceptions of, and responses to, sexism, our findings have important implications for the understanding of gender identity salience as an antecedent of prejudice confrontation. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub. com/page/pwq/suppl/index .
Predicting effective drug combinations via network propagation

Drug combinations are frequently used in treating complex diseases including cancer, diabetes, arthritis and hypertension. Most drug combinations were found in empirical ways so there is a need of efficient computational methods. Here we present a novel method based on network analysis which estimates the efficacy of drug combinations from a perturbation analysis performed on a protein-protein association network. The results suggest that those drugs are likely to form effective combinations that perturb a large number of proteins in common, even if the original targets are found in seemingly unrelated pathways.
Association rule mining method based on weighted frequent pattern tree in mobile computing environment

With the development of mobile communication technology and computer technology, further requirements are put forward to provide decision support for the individual or customers on the move. Association rule mining is a way to solve this problem. Firstly, the association rule mining model in mobile computing is presented and then the concepts of weighted items and weighted association rules are proposed based on association rule mining in mobile computing environment. On this basis, weighted frequent pattern tree is given to mine weighted frequent itemsets in the mobile environment, at the same time a weighted frequent pattern tree construction algorithm and association rule extraction method are given, which provides a variety of auxiliary decision support services for mobile users.
Answering Causal Questions and Developing Tool Support

People explore the world by asking questions about what is seen and felt. Thus, Question Answering is an attractive research area as a distinctive combination from a variety of disciplines, including artificial intelligence, information retrieval, information extraction, natural language processing and psychology. Psychological approaches focus more on theoretical aspects, whereas artificial intelligence, information retrieval, information extraction and natural language processing approaches investigate how practical Question Answering systems can be engineered.