Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of plant and fungal genomes: A comparison of radioactive, colorigenic and chemiluminescent detection methods

Digoxigenated oligonucleotide probes complementary to simple repetitive DNA sequences were introduced into nonradioactive fingerprint analysis of plant and fungal DNA. The fragment patterns, obtained by blot hybridization of TaqI‐restricted DNA from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and its fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei with digoxigenated probes and either a colorigenic or a chemiluminescent detection method, were compared to those obtained with 32P‐labeled probes. In combination with alkaline phosphatase and its chemiluminescent substrate 3‐(2′‐spiroadamantane)‐4‐methoxy‐4‐(3″‐phosphoryloxy)phenyl‐1,2‐dioxetane (AMPPD) digoxigenated oligonucleotides yielded clear‐cut fingerprints with high signal‐to‐background ratios within several minutes of exposure to X‐ray films. The chemiluminescence reaction remained stable for at least two weeks. A comparison of banding patterns obtained by radioactive versus digoxigenin‐based hybridization and detection techniques revealed substantial differences in the relative signal intensities of bands. Both nonradioactive techniques show a tendency to “equalize” band intensity differences. Whereas 32P‐labeled oligonucleotides are also applicable to in situ hybridization with DNA immobilized in dried agarose gels, gel hybridization did not work efficiently with digoxigenated probes and either substrate.
Concealed faults and intrusions identification based on multiscale edge detection and 3D inversion of gravity and magnetic data: A case study in Qiongheba area, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Qiongheba is a polymetallic ore concentration area located in the east margin of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Because all three main types of metal deposits (porphyry-type copper, skarn-type iron-copper, and structural altered rock-type gold deposits) in this area are controlled strictly by fault structures and intrusions buried under the Quaternary sediments, the detection of concealed faults and intrusions is of great significance for mineral prospecting. We aim to make clear the faults and intrusions based on the high-precision gravity and magnetic data set. First, multiscale edge detection of gravity and magnetic data is used to distinguish and divide the faults system. Second, 3D recognition of concealed intrusions combining with 3D inversion and multiscale edge detection of gravity and magnetic is carried out to construct the 3D formation of concealed intrusions. Last, seven prospecting targets are proposed based on our research and existed regional geologic and geochemical information, and two of them have been confirmed to be rich in polymetal (Cu-Fe-Mo-Au in the Layikeleke deposit and Cu in the Baxi deposit) by drilling. Our research results not only proved the effectiveness of the combination method of 3D inversion and multiscale edge detection of gravity and magnetic data in the prospecting of concealed faults and intrusions, but they also provide abundant information for mineral exploration prediction in the Qiongheba area.
Lowermost mantle anisotropy near the eastern edge of the Pacific LLSVP: constraints from SKS–SKKS splitting intensity measurements

Jie Deng,1 Maureen D. Long,1 Neala Creasy,1 Lara Wagner,2 Susan Beck,3 George Zandt,2 Hernando Tavera4 and Estela Minaya5 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. E-mail: jie.deng@yale.edu 2Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20012, USA 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 4Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru 5San Calixto Observatory, Bolivia
A Novel Deletion in SMPX Causes a Rare form of X‐Linked Progressive Hearing Loss in Two Families Due to a Founder Effect

X‐linked hearing loss is the rarest form of genetic hearing loss contributing to <1% of cases. We identified a multiplex family from Newfoundland (Family 2024) segregating X‐linked hearing loss. Haplotyping of the X chromosome and sequencing of positional candidate genes revealed a novel point deletion (c.99delC) in SMPX which encodes a small muscle protein responsible for reducing mechanical stress during muscle contraction. This novel deletion causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon (p.Arg34GlufsX47). We successfully sequenced both SMPX wild‐type and mutant alleles from cDNA of a lymphoblastoid cell line, suggesting that the mutant allele may not be degraded via nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. To investigate the role of SMPX in other subpopulations, we fully sequenced SMPX in 229 Canadian probands with hearing loss and identified a second Newfoundland Family (2196) with the same mutation, and a shared haplotype on the X chromosome, suggesting a common ancestor.
Simvastatin enhances learning and memory independent of amyloid load in mice

Normal aging is often associated with a decline in learning and memory functions. This decline is manifested to a much greater extent in Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have indicated statins, a class of cholesterol‐lowering drugs, as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Our objective was to determine whether administering a statin drug (simvastatin) would protect against the development of behavioral deficits in an established mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Optimal Control for Large-Scale Systems

This paper poses and solves the localized linear quadratic Gaussian (LLQG) optimal control problem. In particular, we show that for large-scale localizable systems, that is to say systems for which the closed loop effect of each disturbance can be contained to within a local neighborhood despite communication delays between sub-controllers, the synthesis and implementation of a LLQG optimal controller can be performed in a scalable way. We combine our prior results on the state-feedback version of this problem with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to formulate a synthesis algorithm that can be solved in a distributed fashion, with each subsystem solving a problem of constant dimension independent of the global problem size. The result is a controller synthesis and implementation scheme that can scale to systems of arbitrary dimension, subject to certain conditions on the communication, actuation and sensing schemes holding. Simulations show that for some systems, the LLQG optimal controller can achieve transient performance similar to that of a centralized H2 optimal controller. We also demonstrate our algorithm on a system with about 10 states composed of heterogeneous and dynamically coupled subsystems – here the distributed and centralized optimal controllers cannot be computed.
Automatic Web Page Classification by Combining Feature Selection Techniques and Lazy Learners

Increasing with the number of users, the need for automatic classification techniques with good classification accuracy increases as search engines depend on previously classified web pages stored as classified directories to retrieve the relevant results. Machine learning techniques for automatic classification gains more interest as the classifier improves its performance with experience. In this paper we show that lazy learners are capable of solving the web page classification problem. Our experimental results show that lazy learners classify the web page with acceptable accuracy using optimum number of attributes and LBR classifies more accurately than LWL classifiers.
Brain natriuretic peptide rs198388 polymorphism and essential hypertension in Hunan Han people.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) rs198388 polymorphism and the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Han population of Hunan. METHODS A total of 567 patients with hypertension (the hypertension group) and 555 healthy volunteers (the control group) were enrolled. Gender, age, smoking and drinking history of the 2 groups were not significantly different. Blood pressure was measured in the 2 groups. After fasting for 12 h or more, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. DNA polymorphism analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and genotype was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The GG, GA, and AA genotypes were detected.The frequencies of GA and AA genotypes and A allele were significantly lower in the hypertension group (GA and AA:12.3%;A:6.9%) than those in the control group (GA and AA:18.4%; A:9.7%; P=0.009, and P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION BNP rs198388 polymorphism may be associated with essential hypertension in Han people in Hunan. Carrying rs198388 GA and AA genotypes and A allele may be the reason for low risk of hypertension.
An analysis of the gender and age differentiation using facial parts

The main purpose of our research is to evaluate which subject's facial parts are most effective at making the difference between men and women. We prepared the four directional feature fields on multiple facial parts images, such as face, jaw, lip, nose, eyes, and R eye. Then, we recognized these images by using the linear discriminate analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the feature space by using within-class variance between-class variance ratio. After experimenting on a large number of subjects, we conclude that face and jaw make good feature spaces. Moreover, we discovered that recognition rate changes with ages. Accordingly, a possibility that each man and woman had the age, which is easy to distinguish gender, was suggested.
Time of flight telemeter with picosecond modelocked laser

In this work is presented the design and the preliminary promising experimental results obtained by our new two-way time-of-flight telemeter. The system is based on the evaluation of the phase delay of the returning optical pulses train with respect to the outgoing one, generated from a femtosecond laser. The main idea is to expand the phase difference time delay measured with the adoption of a heterodyne method, beating at high harmonic, till 10 GHz, applied symmetrically to the two channels. It is expected that micrometer absolute accuracies and better repeatability can be obtained in this way than in simple time of flight telemetry.
Noise performance design of CMOS preamplifier for the active semiconductor neural probe

A systematic design guideline is presented for the noise performance of preamplifier for semiconductor neural probe which contains on-chip electronic circuitry. The overall signal-to noise ratio (SNR) is calculated considering the spectral characteristics of the measured extracellular action potential and the low-frequency noise spectrum of the CMOS device from typical fabrication processes. An analytical expression of the output noise power is derived, and utilized to tailor the frequency response and device parameters which are controllable by the circuit designer. An analysis of the output SNR of a two-stage CMOS differential amplifier is given and the major factors which have significant effects on the SNR are determined. The authors showed that a little deviation of the input device sizes and transconductance ratio from the optimal values can significantly deteriorate the SNR. Quantitative information of the preamplifier circuit parameters for satisfactory noise performance is provided.
A Conserved Di‐Basic Motif of Drosophila Crumbs Contributes to Efficient ER Export

The Drosophila type I transmembrane protein Crumbs is an apical determinant required for the maintenance of apico‐basal epithelial cell polarity. The level of Crumbs at the plasma membrane is crucial, but how it is regulated is poorly understood. In a genetic screen for regulators of Crumbs protein trafficking we identified Sar1, the core component of the coat protein complex II transport vesicles. sar1 mutant embryos show a reduced plasma membrane localization of Crumbs, a defect similar to that observed in haunted and ghost mutant embryos, which lack Sec23 and Sec24CD, respectively. By pulse‐chase assays in Drosophila Schneider cells and analysis of protein transport kinetics based on Endoglycosidase H resistance we identified an RNKR motif in Crumbs, which contributes to efficient ER export. The motif identified fits the highly conserved di‐basic RxKR motif and mediates interaction with Sar1. The RNKR motif is also required for plasma membrane delivery of transgene‐encoded Crumbs in epithelial cells of Drosophila embryos. Our data are the first to show that a di‐basic motif acts as a signal for ER exit of a type I plasma membrane protein in a metazoan organism.
Natural Language to Neural Programs

Recent advances in neural program models allow us to build purely neural network based architectures that learn to execute complex, algorithmic tasks. However, these models require formal, structured specifications of the task. This thesis explores how well-known natural language processing techniques such as attention and word embeddings can be adopted in order to allow Neural Programmer-Interpreters (NPI-s) to take natural language instructions directly as their input. We propose two novel, attention-based architectures that extend the NPI model: The first model computes attention over the input word sequence and thus finds the key bits of informations required to make the right decisions when executing the task. With the second model we show the feasibility of using the attention mechanism over the world state in order to interpret references to the observed world in the instructions. Our models outperform our baseline, a trivial modification of original NPI model by up to 65% accuracy in particular experiments.
for Exploring Domain Name Based Features on the E ↵ ectiveness of DNS Caching

DNS cache plays a critical role in domain name resolution, providing (1) high scalability at Root and Top-level-domain (TLD) name servers with reduced workloads and (2) low response latency to clients when the resource records of the queried domains are cached. However, the pervasive misuses of domain names, e.g., the domains of “one-time-use” pattern, have a negative impact on the effectiveness of DNS caching because the cache has been filled with entries that are highly unlikely to be retrieved. In this paper, we investigate such misuse and identify domain name-based features to characterize those one-time domains. By leveraging the features that are explicitly available from the domain name itself, we build a classifier to combine these features, propose simple policy modifications on caching resolvers for improving DNS cache performance, and validate their efficacy using real traces.
The Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics of Alcohol Use Disorders.

BACKGROUND Behavioral economics and neuroeconomics bring together perspectives and methods from psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience to understand decision making and choice behavior. Extending an operant behavioral theoretical framework, these perspectives have increasingly been applied to understand the alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and this review surveys the theory, methods, and findings from this approach. The focus is on 3 key behavioral economic concepts: delay discounting (i.e., preferences for smaller immediate rewards relative to larger delayed rewards), alcohol demand (i.e., alcohol's reinforcing value), and proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement (i.e., relative amount of psychosocial reinforcement associated with alcohol use). FINDINGS Delay discounting has been linked to AUDs in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and has been investigated cross-sectionally using neuroimaging. Alcohol demand and proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement have both been robustly associated with drinking and alcohol misuse cross-sectionally, but not over time. Both have also been found to predict treatment response to brief interventions. Alcohol demand has also been used to enhance the measurement of acute motivation for alcohol in laboratory studies. Interventions that focus on reducing the value of alcohol by increasing alternative reinforcement and response cost have been found to be efficacious, albeit in relatively small numbers of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Mediators and moderators of response to these interventions have not been extensively investigated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The application of behavioral economics and neuroeconomics to AUDs has given rise to an extensive body of empirical work, although significant gaps in knowledge remain. In particular, there is a need for more longitudinal investigations to clarify the etiological roles of these behavioral economic processes, especially alcohol demand and proportionate alcohol reinforcement. Additional RCTs are needed to extend and generalize the findings for reinforcement-based interventions and to investigate mediators and moderators of treatment success for optimization. Applying neuroeconomics to AUDs remains at an early stage and has been primarily descriptive to date, but has high potential for important translational insights into the future. The same is true for using these behavioral economic indicators to understand genetic influences on AUDs.
Messenger RNA expression of RANTES in the urinary sediment of patients with lupus nephritis

Background: Lupus nephritis is characterized by intra‐renal inflammation. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed abnormal T‐cell expression of RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed) and its level in their serum. The authors studied the mRNA expression of RANTES in the urinary sediment of lupus patients.
Requirement for genes with homology to ABC transport systems for attachment and virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Transposon mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens which were avirulent and unable to attach to plant cells were isolated and described previously. A clone from a library of Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNA which was able to complement these chromosomal att mutants was identified. Tn3HoHo1 insertions in this clone were made and used to replace the wild-type genes in the bacterial chromosome by marker exchange. The resulting mutants were avirulent and showed either no or very much reduced attachment to carrot suspension culture cells. We sequenced a 10-kb region of this clone and found a putative operon containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) (attA1A2BCDEFGH). The second and third ORFs (attA2 and attB) showed homology to genes encoding the membrane-spanning proteins (potB and potH; potC and potI) of periplasmic binding protein-dependent (ABC) transport systems from gram-negative bacteria. The homology was strongest to proteins involved in the transport of spermidine and putrescine. The first and fifth ORFs (attA1 and attE) showed homology to the genes encoding ATP-binding proteins of these systems including potA, potG, and cysT from Escherichia coli; occP from A. tumefaciens; cysA from Synechococcus spp. ; and ORF-C from an operon involved in the attachment of Campylobacte jejuni. The ability of mutants in these att genes to bind to host cells was restored by addition of conditioned medium during incubation of the bacteria with host cells.
Extracorporeal Ablation of Uterine Fibroids With High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound

leagues1 on their novel noninvasive modality of extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids. We agree that it is an effective treatment for uterine fibroids. However, certain issues need to be clarified. 1. Uterine artery embolization is based on the principle of tumor embolization, blocking the arteries that supply blood to the fibroids and making them shrink. Small particles are injected into the arteries, which results in their blockage. The tumors are rendered ischemic, with resultant necrosis, sclerosis, and subsequent shrinkage and degeneration. We wish to know whether the same principle can be applied to ablate the feeding vessel to the fibroid using HIFU. 2. The authors did not mention symptom relief in follow-up after the procedure. 3. The authors mentioned hematuria in some cases after the procedure. Can they point out the possible cause of the hematuria? 4. There was no comment about whether during the procedure the patients’ bladders were full. Also, do the patients need to be stabilized during the procedure? 5. We also wish to know whether HIFU can be used for treatment of adenomyoma and cervical and broadligament fibroids. 6. Other questions concern cost-effectiveness in terms of machines and treatment and the time taken for the procedure when performed on a single fibroid. We therefore seek the authors’ clarification and hope that further discussions and suggestions will contribute to the advancement and popularity of this technique.
SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF THE GENUS KLEINODENDRON (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Summary The status of the Brazilian genus Kleinodendron Smith and Downs is reconsidered on the basis of studies of floral morphology, pollen characters, and wood anatomy. The plant does not belong to the tribe Clutieae but rather to the tribe Phyllantheae, and the genus cannot be separated from the genus Savia. Although there are some differences between the specimens of Kleinodendron from Santa Catarina and material of Savia dictyocarpa Muell. Arg. from Rio de Janeiro and Sdo Paulo, the Santa Catarina populations are not sharply separable, and both the genus Kleinodendron and the species Kleinodendron riosulense must pass into synonymy. The Euphorbiaceous genus Kleinodendron was described by Smith and Downs (1964) on the basis of specimens collected by Reitz and Klein in Santa Catarina province, Brazil. The authors noted that fruiting specimens had a resemblance in aspect to Actinostemon, but on the basis of the flowers proposed a new genus Kleinodendron, which they assigned to the tribe Clutieae sensu Pax and Hoffmann (1931). Since there was some doubt as to the affinities of the new genus, Dr. Smith persuaded Dr. William Stern to undertake an anatomical survey of the tribe Clutieae in order to better establish the systematic position of Kleinodendron. As a result of his study, Stern (1967) concluded that "there are no anatomically related objections to the inclusion of Kleinodendron riosulense in the Clutieae as delineated by Pax (1890) and amplified by Pax and Hoffmann (1931). " In his interesting survey of the wood anatomy of genera which had been assigned to the tribe Clutieae by Pax and Hoffmann, Stern noted that the wood structure is moderately specialized with considerable variation, and pointed out that Microdesmis and Pogonophora are strikingly divergent from the other genera in their characteristics. He concluded that both these genera should be excluded from the Clutieae, and accepted (with some reservation) the proposal by Forman (1966) to transfer Microdesmis to the segregate family Pandaceae. More recently, I have created a separate tribe Pogonophoreae for Pogonophora, which has distinctive floral characters in addition to the anatomical ones pointed out by Stern (Webster, 1975). Although he cited the palynological study of the Euphorbiaceae by Punt (1962), which indicated considerable heterogeneity in pollen characters within the tribe Clutieae, Stern made no specific comparisons between xylem characters in the genera with "Croton type" pollen and those with "non-crotonoid" pollen. This was unfortunate because, as indicated by Punt (1962) and Webster (1967, 1975), the "crotonoid" exine ornamentation pattern found in many "uniovulate" genera of Euphorbiaceae appears to be highly significant taxonomically. Of the subtribes of Clutieae as defined by Pax and Hoffman (1931), "crotonoid" pollen occurs in the Acidocrotoninae, Clutiinae, Codiaeinae (ex p.), Jatrophinae, and Ricinodendrinae (Punt, 1962; Webster, 1975; Webster and Lynch, ined.). Since the pollen of Klei