Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labeled RISC-V: A New Perspective on Software-Defined Architecture

Traditional computer architectures are insufficient to convey important high-level requirements of applications to the hardware. These requirements include QoS and security, which are extremely important to data centers in the cloud era. To guarantee better QoS in data centers, we propose a new computer architecture LvNA (Labeled von Neumann Architecture) that leverages labeling mechanism and programmable label-based policies to enable computer hardware with more software-defined functionalities. In this paper, we will present the motivations and design principles of LvNA as well as an FPGA-based prototype (i.e., labeled RISC-V). We demonstrate how to reconstruct the RISC-V’s in-order core RocketChip to be a software-defined architecture with the concept of LvNA. Additionally, we will explore the change of software stack in data center to make better use of LvNA, including hypervisors, OS kernels and cluster management systems, compilers, and runtime libraries.
Temporal windowing in CSP method for multi-class Motor Imagery Classification

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a system which straightly converts the acquired brain signals such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) to commands for controlling external devices. One of the most successful methods in Motor Imagery based BCI applications is Common Spatial method (CSP). In existing methods based on CSP, the spatial filters are extracted from the whole EEG signal as one time segment. In this study we use the fact that ERD/ERS events are not steady over time. This means that the importance of EEG channels vary for different time segments. Therefore we divide EEG signals into a number of time segments. Then we extract a feature vector from each time segment using CSP. We use OVR (One-Versus-the Rest) algorithm to break four classes problem into two classes problems. The considered four classes MI are left hand, right hand, foot and tongue. We used dataset 2a of BCI competition IV to evaluate our method. The result of experiment shows that this method outperforms both CSP and the best competitor of the BCI competition IV. In fact the effect of noise and outliers on extracted features is reduced by the proposed time windowing method.
Storytelling with robots : effects of robot language level on children's language learning

Children's oral language skills in preschool can predict their academic success later in life. Increasing children’s skills early on could improve their success in middle and high school. To this end, I examined the potential of a sociable robotic learning/teaching companion in supplementing children's early language education. The robot was designed as a social character, engaging children as a peer, not as a teacher, within a relational, dialogic context. The robot targeted the social, interactive nature of language learning through a storytelling game, mediated by a tablet, that the robot and child played together. During the game, the robot introduced new vocabulary words and modeled good story narration skills. In a microgenetic study, 17 children played the storytelling game with the robot eight times each over a two month period. With half the children, the robot adapted its level of language to the child's level – so that, as children improved their storytelling skills, so did the robot. The other half played with a robot that did not adapt. I evaluated whether this adaptation influenced (i) whether children learned new words from the robot, (ii) the complexity and style of stories children told, and (iii) the similarity of children’s stories to the robot’s stories. I expected that children would learn more from a robot that adapted, and that they would copy its stories and narration style more than they would with a robot that did not adapt. Children's language use was tracked across sessions. I found that children in the adaptive condition maintained or increased the amount and diversity of the language they used during interactions with the robot. While children in all conditions learned new vocabulary words, created new stories during the game, and enjoyed playing with the robot, children who played with the adaptive robot improved more than children who played with the non-adaptive robot. Understanding how the robot influences children's language, and how a robot could support language development will inform the design of future learning/teaching companions that engage children as peers in educational play. Thesis Supervisor: Cynthia Breazeal Title: Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences
SPATIALLY RESOLVED GALAXY STAR FORMATION AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE. II. EFFECT OF THE MORPHOLOGY–DENSITY RELATION

In this second of a series of papers on spatially resolved star formation, we investigate the impact of the density–morphology relation of galaxies on the spatial variation of star formation (SF) and its dependence on environment. We find that while a density–morphology relation is present for the sample, it cannot solely explain the observed suppression of SF in galaxies in high-density environments. We also find that early-type and late-type galaxies exhibit distinct radial star formation rate (SFR) distributions, with early types having an SFR distribution that extends further relative to the galaxy scale length, compared to late types at all densities. We find that a suppression of SF in the highest density environments is found in the highest star-forming galaxies for both galaxy types. This suppression occurs in the innermost regions in late types (r ⩽ 0.125 Petrosian radii), and further out in radius in early types (0.125 Petrosian radii < r ⩽ 0.25 Petrosian radii). When the full sample is considered no clear suppression of SF is detected, indicating that the environmental trends are driven only by the highest SF galaxies. We demonstrate that the density–morphology relation alone cannot account for the suppression of SF in the highest density environments. This points to an environmentally governed evolutionary mechanism that affects the SF in the innermost regions in both early- and late-type galaxies. We suggest that this is a natural consequence of the “downsizing” of SF in galaxies.
Shift Restrictions and Semiparametric Estimation in Ordered Response Models

We develop a √"n"-consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of the parameters (regression coefficients and threshold points) of a semiparametric ordered response model under the assumption of independence of errors and regressors. The independence assumption implies shift restrictions allowing identification of threshold points up to location and scale. The estimator is useful in various applications, particularly in new product demand forecasting from survey data subject to systematic misreporting. We apply the estimator to assess exaggeration bias in survey data on demand for a new telecommunications service. Copyright The Econometric Society 2002.
Spontaneous and Repetitive Calcium Transients in C2C12 Mouse Myotubes during In Vitro Myogenesis

Fluorescence videomicroscopy was used to monitor changes in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i in the mouse muscle cell line C2C12 during in vitro myogenesis. Three different patterns of changes in [Ca2+]i were observed: (i) [Ca2+]i oscillations; (ii) faster Ca2+ events confined to subcellular regions (localized [Ca2+]i spikes) and (iii) [Ca2+]i spikes detectable in the entire myotube (global [Ca2+]i spikes). [Ca2+]i oscillations and localized [Ca2+]i spikes were detectable following the appearance of caffeine‐sensitivity in differentiating C2C12 cells. Global [Ca2+]i spikes appeared later in the process of myogenesis in cells exhibiting coupling between voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. In contrast to [Ca2+]i oscillations and localized [Ca2+]i spikes, the global events immediately stopped when cells were perfused either with a Ca2+‐free solution, or a solution with TTX, TEA and verapamil. To explore further the mechanism of the global [Ca2+]i spikes, membrane currents and fluorescence signals were measured simultaneously. These experiments revealed that global [Ca2+]i spikes were correlated with an inward current. Moreover, while the depletion of the Ca2+ stores blocked [Ca2+]i oscillations and localized [Ca2]i spikes, it only reduced the amplitude of global [Ca2+]i spikes. It is suggested that, during the earlier stages of the myogenesis, spontaneous and repetitive [Ca2+]i changes may be based on cytosolic oscillatory mechanisms. The coupling between voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors seems to be the prerequisite for the appearance of global [Ca2+]i spikes triggered by a membrane oscillatory mechanism, which characterizes the later phases of the myogenic process.
Molecular and cellular properties of PECAM-1 (endoCAM/CD31): a novel vascular cell-cell adhesion molecule

PECAM-1 is a 130-120-kD integral membrane glycoprotein found on the surface of platelets, at endothelial intercellular junctions in culture, and on cells of myeloid lineage. Previous studies have shown that it is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and that antibodies against the bovine form of this protein (endoCAM) can inhibit endothelial cell-cell interactions. These data suggest that PECAM-1 may function as a vascular cell adhesion molecule. The function of this molecule has been further evaluated by transfecting cells with a full-length PECAM-1 cDNA. Transfected COS-7, mouse 3T3 and L cells expressed a 130-120-kD glycoprotein on their cell surface that reacted with anti-PECAM-1 polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. COS-7 and 3T3 cell transfectants formed cell-cell junctions that were highly enriched in PECAM-1, reminiscent of its distribution at endothelial cell-cell borders. In contrast, this protein remained diffusely distributed within the plasma membrane of PECAM-1 transfected cells that were in contact with mock transfectants. Mouse L cells stably transfected with PECAM-1 demonstrated calcium-dependent aggregation that was inhibited by anti-PECAM antibodies. These results demonstrate that PECAM-1 mediates cell-cell adhesion and support the idea that it may be involved in some of the interactive events taking place during thrombosis, wound healing, and angiogenesis.
The Effects of Feedback on Memory Strategies of Younger and Older Adults

Existing literature suggests that feedback could effectively reduce false memories in younger adults. However, it is unclear whether memory performance in older adults also might be affected by feedback. The current study tested the hypothesis that older adults can use immediate feedback to adjust their memory strategy, similar to younger adults, but after feedback is removed, older adults may not be able to maintain using the memory strategy. Older adults will display more false memories than younger adults due to a reduction in attentional resources. In Study 1, both younger and older adults adjusted gist processing and item-specific processing biases based on the feedback given (i.e., biased and objective feedback). In Study 2 after the feedback was removed, only younger adults with full attention were able to maintain the feedback-shaped memory strategy; whereas, both younger adults with divided attention and older adults had increased false memories after feedback was removed. The findings suggest that environmental support helps older adults as well as younger adults to adopt a memory strategy that demands high attentional resources, but when the support is removed, older adults can no longer maintain such a strategy.
Green Virtual Network Embedding for Collaborative Edge Computing in Environment-Friendly Optical-Wireless Networks

To reduce the cost and delay caused by transferring data to the remote cloud, the trend is to design an intelligent Edge Device (ED) for preliminary data processing, i.e., edge computing. Some EDs usually form a group where they wirelessly communicate with each other. Different ED groups are interconnected by optical fiber cables. Through coordinating the use of ED groups, we can perform a collaborative edge computing in a hybrid network where a cost-efficient optical-wireless convergence is achieved by virtualization. In this paper, we use the virtual network to describe one computing-application's requirement for the substrate resource, and we investigate how embed multiple virtual networks onto the common network infrastructure. In our approach, a graph-cutting algorithm is firstly utilized to embed as many virtual networks as possible onto the specified EDs within the same group. However, a single ED group cannot handle all computing applications competing for limited wireless and computing resources. To solve this challenging problem, we transform the virtual networks-impossibly embedded onto the same ED group into new ones processed by ED groups. Simulations results demonstrate the green feature of our solution: 1) the total transmitting power assigned for EDs is effectively reduced using the graph cutting algorithm provided that all of computing applications can be solved by a single ED group; 2) our method accepts more virtual networks with the improvement ratio of 77%, through the coordination of ED groups. In addition, there is a good match between the algorithm result and the optimal number of consumed wavelengths per optical fiber cable.
GRBs 070429B and 070714B: The High End of the Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Redshift Distribution

We present optical spectra of the host galaxies of the short-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 070429B and the likely short-duration with extended emission GRB 070714B. In both cases, we find a single emission line that we identify as O II lambda 3727 at z ~ 0.9. Both events are more distant than any previous short-duration GRB with a secure host association from the sub-arcsecond position of an optical afterglow. GRBs 070429B and 070714B provide strong evidence in support of our previous claims in Berger et al. that a significant fraction of short-duration hosts (>~ 33%) reside at z > 0.7. We discuss the implications of the existence this population on the energetics of short-duration GRBs, as well as on progenitor models. In the context of the degenerate binary merger scenario, such events require progenitor systems with a range of lifetimes and disfavor progenitor models with a long, narrow lifetime distribution.
fMRI of visual encoding: Reproducibility of activation

fMRI, a noninvasive technique to measure brain activation, is gaining clinical interest, because its sensitivity enables individual assessments. However, more insight in the reproducibility of these measurements during higher cognitive tasks is necessary. We performed an fMRI study involving within‐ and between‐subject reproducibility during encoding of complex visual pictures. Ten healthy subjects were studied on three occasions: twice in the same scanning session (study 1 and 2), and a third time, 3–24 days later (study 3). On all 30 occasions but one, activation was found in areas expected on the basis of previous studies, including the fusiform and lingual gyri, occipital and parietal areas, the (para)hippocampal area, and the frontal inferior sulcus. The reproducibility of the number of activated voxels in the whole brain was 72% and 63% (respectively, studies 1 and 2, and 1 and 3). The reproducibility of anatomical identical pixels that supplement these results was 49% and 36%. These reproducibility measures increase about 5–15% when only areas of expected activation are included. The quantitative measurements indicate that there is substantial variation in the volume of activation. The recognition of pictures as tested afterward explains part of this variation between subjects. Our findings indicate that whereas consistent patterns of activation exist, more insight is needed into what determines the volume of activation, especially to assess cognitive alterations in patients over time. Hum. Brain Mapping 9:156–164, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telefonica Research at TRECVID 2010 Content-Based Copy Detection

Abstract—This notebook paper presents the participation ofTelefonica Research in the task of Video Copy Detection inTRECVID 2010. This is our second participation and, for thisyear, we have developed two local-based monomodal systemsthat we then combine using a score-based fusion to obtain amultimodal system output. We submitted 4 runs in total, whosemain characteristics are described below:  TID.m. [BALANCED/NOFA]. fusion: These correspond toour main submission, both for the no false alarm andbalanced proﬁles. They are based on the fusion betweenthe local audio and local video monomodal systems.  TID.m. BALANCED.videoonly: This submission is basedon the monomodal video-based system using DART localfeatures and with a temporal consistency postprocessing.  TID.m. BALANCED.audioonly: This submission is based onthe monomodal audio-based system using frequency-basedaudio local features.From these four systems submitted, two of them are processingonly monomodal information (audio or video) and the fusionsystem takes the output of the previous two to output a fusedresult. Results for the monomodal systems in terms of NDCR arefar from optimal, mainly due to an exces of false alarms thatour monomodal systems still output. Results for F1 scores arevery good for all cases. When combining the monomodal systemsinto he fusion the NDCR scores improve quite a bit as most falsealarms are eliminated.The proposed fusion turned out to work very well for com-bining our two monomodal systems. We will further investigateit to improve it for future evaluations.
A fusion framework for multimodal interactive applications

This research aims to propose a multi-modal fusion framework for high-level data fusion between two or more modalities. It takes as input low level features extracted from different system devices, analyses and identifies intrinsic meanings in these data. Extracted meanings are mutually compared to identify complementarities, ambiguities and inconsistencies to better understand the user intention when interacting with the system. The whole fusion life cycle will be described and evaluated in an office environment scenario, where two co-workers interact by voice and movements, which might show their intentions. The fusion in this case is focusing on combining modalities for capturing a context to enhance the user experience.
“A Giant Leap for Mankind” But What About Women? The Role of System-Justifying Ideologies in Predicting Attitudes Toward Sexist Language

Sexist language excludes, trivializes, or diminishes either gender. Despite efforts by many professional bodies to encourage the use of nonsexist alternatives, sexist language use persists across many languages. Furthermore, research has shown that men are less supportive of nonsexist language alternatives than women, and that this effect is mediated by attitudes toward women. We propose that broader ideologies related to the perceived legitimacy of dominance hierarchies and existing social systems also explain this gender gap. British undergraduate participants completed measures of attitudes toward women, gender-specific system justification, and social dominance orientation. They also completed an inventory of attitudes toward sexist language. There was a strong gender difference in attitudes toward sexist language that was significantly mediated by gender-specific system justification and social dominance orientation. The relationship between gender and attitudes toward sexist language therefore appears to be driven by broader ideologies that serve to keep women “in their place”.
Open Access Dataset for EEG+NIRS Single-Trial Classification

We provide an open access dataset for hybrid brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) using electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). For this, we conducted two BCI experiments (left versus right hand motor imagery; mental arithmetic versus resting state). The dataset was validated using baseline signal analysis methods, with which classification performance was evaluated for each modality and a combination of both modalities. As already shown in previous literature, the capability of discriminating different mental states can be enhanced by using a hybrid approach, when comparing to single modality analyses. This makes the provided data highly suitable for hybrid BCI investigations. Since our open access dataset also comprises motion artifacts and physiological data, we expect that it can be used in a wide range of future validation approaches in multimodal BCI research.
Breaking the Male Norm of Success: How Women Entrepreneurs Benefit from Femininity

The majority of research on women entrepreneurs has focused on the problems and difficulties they face, but largely ignores the possibility of entrepreneurial advantages. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to examine whether and how femininity is advantageous to women entrepreneurs. The paper argues that there are several feminine characteristics, such as passion, affection, sensitivity to the needs of others, and understanding, which are beneficial to entrepreneurial activities. Then, the stereotype boost theory (Shih, Pittinsky, & Ambady, 1999) and relative gratification theory (Martin, 1981) are applied to explore any positive impact of femininity on entrepreneurial intentions. Several propositions and a conceptual model are offered to explain how the attribution of feminine characteristics to entrepreneurship can positively impact venture creation and the venture growth intentions of women entrepreneurs through the mediating effects of relative gratification. In addition, the moderating role of o.
CKII Site in Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 2 Controls Binding to hSNF5/Ini1 and Is Important for Growth Transformation

ABSTRACT Substitution mutagenesis of EBNA2 shows that its interaction with hSNF5/Ini1 involves two sites (286IPP and DQQ313), and a mutation at a CKII phosphorylation site (SS469) is essential for the interaction. An alanine substitution (SS469AA) prevents binding to EBNA2 and diminishes the growth-promotion potential of EBNA2 in the transcomplementation assay.
Computational Problems in Hyperbolic Groups

We describe an algorithm due to Eric Swenson for testing quasi-convex subgroups of hyperbolic groups for near malnormality. We go on to discuss some strategies for the practical implementation of this algorithm and consider an example. We then show that the methods of Swenson's algorithm extend to give practical solutions to the conjugacy problem for infinite order elements, and to the normalizer and centralizer problems for subgroups satisfying appropriate conditions. The results are presented here in outline — all the algorithms are described in more detail in the author's PhD thesis (University of Warwick, 2001).
Heavy Tails in Program Structure

Designing and optimizing computer systems require deep understanding of the underlying system behavior. Historically many important observations that led to the development of essential hardware and software optimizations were driven by empirical observations about program behavior. In this paper, we report an interesting property of program structures by viewing dynamic program execution as a changing network. By analyzing the communication network created as a result of dynamic program execution, we find that communication patterns follow heavy-tailed distributions. In other words, a few instructions have consumers that are orders of magnitude larger than most instructions in a program. Surprisingly, these heavy-tailed distributions follow the iconic power law previously seen in man-made and natural networks. We provide empirical measurements based on the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks to validate our findings as well as perform semantic analysis of the source code to reveal the causes of such behavior.