Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different electromagnetic models of bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters

High-performance and miniatuarized bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices require accurate and sophisticated computer aided design methods. Different modeling and simulation methods have to be applied depending on the simulated device, its complexity, available computational resources, and required accuracy. In order to model all relevant effects that are important to accurately characterize a device, it is important to know what details to model, how to model them, and to what extent. This paper presents and compares different electromagnetic models of mirror-type BAW resonators that are simulated with a 3D finite element method electromagnetic solver. The impact of meshing effects of the 3D electromagnetic solver on the simulated resonator and filter performances is discussed. Additionally, a simulation method is presented in which the acoustic and electromagnetic effects are simulated together. The combined simulation of the acoustic and electromagnetic effects is accomplished by incorporating the acoustic effects into the electromagnetic simulation by applying a frequency-dependent, complex-valued, equivalent permittivity for the piezo material. For the examined electromagnetic BAW resonator models the electromagnetic effects, computational effort, accuracy, and applicability are discussed. By considering the different enhancements introduced in the proposed electromagnetic BAW models, it is possible to improve the agreement of measurement and simulation.
Quantitation of Bacteria in Blood of Typhoid Fever Patients and Relationship between Counts and Clinical Features, Transmissibility, and Antibiotic Resistance

ABSTRACT Salmonella typhi was isolated from 369 andSalmonella paratyphi A was isolated from 6 of 515 Vietnamese patients with suspected enteric fever. Compared with conventional broth culture of blood, direct plating of the buffy coat had a diagnostic sensitivity of 99.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 100%). Blood bacterial counts were estimated by the pour plate method. The median S. typhi count in blood was 1 CFU/ml (range, <0.3 to 387 CFU/ml), of which a mean of 63% (95% CI, 58 to 67%) were intracellular. The mean number of bacteria per infected leukocyte was 1.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7 to 2.4) CFU/cell (n = 81). Children (<15 years old;n = 115) had higher median blood bacterial counts than adults (n = 262): 1.5 (range, <0.3 to 387) versus 0.6 (range, <0.3 to 17.7) CFU/ml (P = 0.008), and patients who excreted S. typhi in feces had higher bacteremias than those who did not: a median of 3 (range, <0.3 to 32) versus 1 (range, <0.3 to 68) CFU/ml (P = 0.02). Blood bacterial counts declined with increasing duration of illness (P = 0.002) and were higher in infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. typhi (1.3 [range, <0.3 to 387] CFU/ml; n = 313) than in infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive S. typhi (0.5 [range, <0.3 to 32] CFU/ml; n = 62) (P = 0.006). In a multivariate analysis this proved to be an independent association, suggesting a relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence in S. typhi.
Twenty Years of Equality Rights: Reclaiming Expectations

April 17, 2005 marked the twentieth anniversary of section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In this paper, the author reviews the writings of equality specialists in 1985 and the submissions of equality seeking and other groups before the Parliamentary Sub-Committee on Equality Rights in 1985, to assess what was expected, in 1985, of the new guarantee of equality rights. The author finds that the expansive wording and coverage of section 15 for which equality seeking groups had lobbied, including the words "equal benefit of the law" and a guarantee of equality rights for people with mental and physical disabilities that was unprecedented, was understood as having effected a dramatic shift in the idea of equality. It was believed that successful lobbying had moved the protection of equality beyond a right to freedom from discrimination, even in benefit programs, to a broadly framed guarantee of equality as a positive social right. Section 15 was thus understood by equality seekers to impose obligations on governments to take positive measures to address systemic patterns of socio-economic disadvantage and to incorporate social and economic rights which Canada had affirmed under international law such as the right to housing, to education, to an adequate income and to fulfilling work. These types of positive obligations were expected to be enforced by courts where necessary, but equality seekers also envisioned a new model of participatory and accountable governance in which disadvantaged groups would be newly empowered as rights-holders. Reviewing developments in courts and in governance in Canada over the last twenty years, the author concludes that these central expectations have remained largely unrealized. Despite some significant victories in Charter litigation with positive remedial implications, the Supreme Court of Canada has ultimately failed to hear or to honour the central claim to equality that was at the core of what rights holders expected of the right to equality in 1985. Similarly, governments have marginalized, rather than mainstreamed, equality rights in governance. Human rights institutions have failed to promote and enforce the broad right to equality envisioned in 1985. Considering whether, in light of these disappointments, Canadians have perhaps expected too much of the right to equality, the author concludes that we ought not to be talked out of our expectations. An expectation that the right to equality can act as a vehicle for the protection not only from discrimination but also as a guarantee of social and economic rights which in other constitutions are enumerated separately was a unique feature of Canada's emerging constitutional democracy which ought not to be lost.
Accurate Real-Time Monitoring of Quality Factor and Center Frequency of Superconducting Resonators

In this paper, we track both center frequency and quality factor of a superconducting microwave resonator with very high precision using a modified Pound-Drever-Hall frequency locking scheme. The quality factor measurements can be done with high enough bandwidth to study different processes in a superconducting resonator in real time. With this added functionality, the frequency readout remains unaffected, with typical accuracy around 10-30 Hz/√(Hz), whereas the cavity loss rate can be determined to within 0.1% on a millisecond time scale (34 dB/√(Hz)). As we demonstrate, this can be particularly useful for electron spin resonance measurements, where we achieve a minimum number of detectable spins coupled to the resonator N = 5 ·105 spins/√(Hz), based on quality factor measurements. It also enables the study of fast dynamic processes, for example, vortex dynamics, in these devices on a short time scale.
Comparative Cognitive Neuropsychological Studies of Frontal Lobe Function: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies in Frontal Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

Patients with mild frontal variant frontotemporal dementia (fvFTD) who attend the clinic are usually unaware of the pervasive changes in their personality and behaviour, despite the fact it is these changes which have prompted the referral from the patient’s spouse or carer. Comparative studies across various species offer unique insights into the heterogeneous structure and functions of the prefrontal cortex, and can allow a novel approach to the precise identification of the neuropsychological deficits present in these patients. We have found that they may show marked deficits on tests sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal or orbitofrontal function, in the relative absence of impairments on tests sensitive to dorsolateral prefrontal function. We highlight important differences in the neurocognitive profile of these patients with that of patients with other neurodegenerative conditions, including basal ganglia diseases and dementia of the Alzheimer type. The specific nature of these neuropsychological deficits, together with converging evidence from clinical and neuropathological studies, may provide useful clues about the predominant locus of dysfunction in the early stages of fvFTD and possible underlying neurotransmitter abnormalities. This is important for the successful development of therapeutic intervention strategies for both cognitive and behavioural symptoms in fvFTD. Finally, we evaluate critically the rationales for therapeutic modulation of noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems at various stages of disease.
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric disorders: findings from an epidemiologic study of young adults.

OBJECTIVE Earlier, the authors reported on the association of nicotine dependence with major depression and anxiety disorders in a group of young adults. This report describes the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms and their sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates in persons in that group who tried unsuccessfully to abstain from smoking. METHOD A random sample of 1,007 members of a health maintenance organization, 21-30 years old, were interviewed with a revised version of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Data on nicotine withdrawal came from a subset of 239 smokers who had tried unsuccessfully to quit or cut down on smoking. RESULTS With two exceptions, each of the DSM-III-R nicotine withdrawal symptoms was reported by more than one-half of these smokers. Withdrawal symptoms were more severe in white than in black smokers but were unrelated to sex, educational level, or marital status. Persons with histories of major depression or any anxiety disorder reported more severe withdrawal symptoms than persons with neither of these disorders. Severity of withdrawal, or any specific symptom, did not account for the association between major depression and continued smoking. Furthermore, severity of withdrawal was unrelated to continued smoking. CONCLUSIONS While the long-term clinical significance of nicotine withdrawal is unclear, the evidence indicates that in the general population, abstinence from smoking is associated with a variety of disturbances, including a craving for cigarettes, dysphoria, and symptoms of irritability or nervousness. In this study disturbances were more severe in persons with histories of major depression or anxiety disorders.
High-dose ocular infection with a herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP34.5 deletion mutant produces no corneal disease or neurovirulence yet results in wild-type levels of spontaneous reactivation

We report here that in the rabbit ocular model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency, spontaneous reactivation of the HSV-1 ICP34.5 deletion mutant d34.5 increased significantly in response to increasing infectious doses. At the highest infectious dose of d34.5, the spontaneous reactivation rate was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus (average spontaneous reactivation rates for d34.5, 0.3 to 1.4% at 2 x 10(5) PFU per eye, 3.4% at 2 x 10(6) PFU per eye, and 6.3 to 11.5% at 1 x 10(8) PFU per eye; average spontaneous reactivation rates for marker-rescued virus, 7.7 to 19.6% at 2 x 10(5) PFU per eye). The percentage of latency-associated transcript (LAT) RNA-positive neurons in sections from trigeminal ganglia (TG) of rabbits latently infected with d34.5 demonstrated a similar dose-response effect as estimated by in situ hybridization (0.05% LAT RNA-positive neurons at 2 x 10(5) PFU per eye and 0.1% LAT RNA-positive neurons at 1 x 10(8) PFU per eye; P = 0.002). In contrast, even at the highest infectious dose (1 x 10(8) PFU per eye), d34.5 was less virulent (23 of 23 survivors) than the normal infectious dose (2 x 10(5) PFU per eye) of marker-rescued virus (14 of 27 survivors; P < 0.0001). In addition, at 1 x 10(8) PFU per eye, d34.5 produced virtually no corneal disease, compared with the production of severe corneal disease by 2 x 10(5) PFU of marker-rescued virus per eye (P < 0.0001). Thus, at increasing infectious doses of d34.5, both spontaneous reactivation and the percentage of neurons expressing LAT appeared to increase, without a corresponding increase in virulence. These results strongly suggest that (i) the phenotypes of neurovirulence and spontaneous reactivation are separable, (ii) the phenotypes of corneal disease and spontaneous reactivation are separable, and (iii) the decreased rate of spontaneous reactivation previously reported for d34.5 (G. C. Perng, R. L. Thompson, N. M. Sawtell, W. E. Taylor, S. M. Slanina, H. Ghiasi, R. Kaiwar, A. B. Nesburn, and S. L. Wechsler, J. Virol. 69:3033-3041, 1995) is at least partially due to a reduced rate of establishing latency.
Stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer: patient and general practitioner perspectives

The prognosis for people with lung cancer may be worsened by delays in seeking medical help following the onset of symptoms. Previous research has highlighted that patients’ experiences of stigma and blame may contribute to these delays. This short report focuses on stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer, from patient and general practitioner (GP) perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with lung cancer (n=20) and with GPs (n=10) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants’ experiences of blame and stigma, GPs preconceptions of lung cancer risk and the impact of anti-smoking messaging were explored. Participants reported experiencing stigma owing to a diagnosis of lung cancer. For some, the anticipation of stigma resulted in delays in seeking diagnosis and hence treatment. The sense of blame associated with a lung cancer diagnosis was also reflected in GP interviews. Successful tobacco control activities have increased societal awareness of lung cancer as smoking related and potentially contributed to the participants’ experiences of stigma. Removing blame associated with smoking is central to reducing delays in diagnosis of lung cancer.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF BILATERAL MACULAR HOLES TREATED WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND GAS TAMPONADE

The clinicopathologic findings of light and electron microscopic examination of a 78-year-old woman who underwent successful bilateral pars plana vitrectomy for bilateral stage Ill macular holes are reported. Examination disclosed anatomical repair of the full-thickness macular holes by glial cell proliferation in the left eye. The hole apparently collapsed with no glial cell proliferation in the right eye. The photoreceptors adjacent to the healed macular holes appeared normal. Defects in the internal limiting membrane in the foveal area were noted in both eyes.
Heart Rate and Ischemic Stroke: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (Regards) Study

Background The association between resting heart rate and ischemic stroke remains unclear. Aim To examine the association between resting heart rate and ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 24 730 participants (mean age: 64 ± 9·3 years; 59% women; 41% blacks) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study who were free of stroke at the time of enrollment (2003–2007) were included in this analysis. Resting heart rate was determined from baseline electrocardiogram data. Heart rate was examined as a continuous variable per 10 bpm increase and also as a categorical variable using tertiles (<61 bpm, 61 to 70 bpm, and >70 bpm). First-time ischemic stroke events were identified during follow-up and adjudicated by physician review. Results Over a median follow-up of 7·6 years, a total of 646 ischemic strokes occurred. In a Cox regression model adjusted for socio-demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and potential confounders, each 10 bpm increase in heart rate was associated with a 10% increase in the risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio = 1·10, 95% confidence interval = 1·02, 1·18). In the categorical model, an increased risk of ischemic stroke was observed for heart rates in the middle (hazard ratio = 1·29, 95% confidence interval = 1·06, 1·57) and upper (hazard ratio = 1·37, 95% confidence interval = 1·12, 1·67) tertiles compared with the lower tertile. The results were consistent when the analysis was stratified by age, gender, race, exercise habits, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Conclusion In REGARDS, high resting heart rates were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with low heart rates. Further research is needed to examine whether interventions aimed to reduce heart rate decrease stroke risk.
Working Memory Contributes to Elevated Motor Activity in Adults With ADHD

Objective: The relationship between working memory (WM) and objectively measured motor activity was examined in adults with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs). Method: Thirty-five adults (ADHD = 20, HC = 15) were grouped using self-report and collateral-report measures in addition to a semistructured clinical interview. All participants completed control conditions with minimal WM demands, and separate phonological (PH) and visuospatial (VS) WM tasks with recall demands ranging from four to seven stimuli. Results: The ADHD group exhibited significantly more motor activity relative to the HC group, and both groups exhibited greater activity during PH and VS WM tasks, relative to control conditions. Finally, the central executive (CE) and PH storage/rehearsal subsystems were associated with large-magnitude between-group differences in activity. Conclusion: Findings suggest that increased demands on WM, particularly the CE and PH storage/rehearsal, contribute to ADHD-related hyperactivity, though a portion of excessive motor activity in adults with ADHD may occur independently of WM demands.
The modern approach to the histopathological diagnosis of muscle diseases

Muscle biopsy is an essential tool in diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. It can be used for histochemical, immunohistochemical and biochemical tests as well as for genetic studies. Immunohistochemistry has a central role in the evaluation of muscle biopsies and pathological diagnosis of muscular disorders. In order to complement diagnostic procedures obtained by immunohistochemistry with molecular methods, muscle biopsy may be used as a source for RNA and protein isolation. A practical method for the interpretation of muscle biopsies, following so-called algorithm “inside out approach”, involves certain order of procedures in analysis of muscle fibres, muscle connective tissue and blood vessels. Multidisciplinary approach encompassing a variety of techniques is required in order to successfully complete diagnosis of muscular disorders as the most important information for patients and their families. Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Milenkovic M. Sanja, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: sanjamilenkovic3@gmail.com Milenkovic M. Sanja et al. 156
B lymphopoiesis on stromal cell clone: stromal cell clones acting on different stages of B cell differentiation*

B lymphopoiesis supporting activities of two stromal cell clones, MC3T3‐G2/PA6 (PA6) and ST2, were compared. When normal bone marrow cells were cultured in these clones under Whitlock‐Witte‐type condition, mature B cells were generated only in the culture with the ST2 layer. The cells maintained on the PA6 layer, however, contained the precursor cells giving rise to mature B cells when transferred to the ST2 layer. Thus, PA6 is a stromal cell clone capable of supporting the early B progenitors but cannot support a further maturation step into pre‐B cells. The immunoglobulin heavy chain gene configuration of B progenitors maintained on the PA6 layer diversified after their transfer onto ST2 layer. This suggests that they are actually the earliest progenitors. This marked difference in the stromal cell activities between PA6 and ST2 could also be distinguished by stromal cell‐dependent pre‐B cell lines. Among four ST2‐dependent pre‐B cell lines tested, two grew only on the ST2 layer, which is capable of supporting B lymphopoiesis, while the others grew both on the ST2 and PA6 layers. These results strongly suggest that the process of intra‐marrow B cell development is controlled by more than one signal acting on different stages of B cell differentiation.
A study on automatic speech recognition toolkits

The applications of modern speech recognition are becoming more common with the demand of human-machine interactions. Many speech based interactive software applications were executed on the classical general purpose computers. This paper reports an overview about the different speech recognition systems and also about the different speech recognition tools such as HTK, CMU Sphinx, Kaldi and performance metrics of the toolkits.
Single and Dual Photonic Jets and Corresponding Backscattering Enhancement With Tipped Waveguides: Direct Observation at Microwave Frequencies

This paper reports experiments on single and dual electromagnetic jets (also called photonic jets) emerging from a weakly multimode waveguide excited by a plane wave in the microwaves frequencies (30 GHz), ended with a tip with a special shape. The measurements are performed with a two-dimensional spatial field mapping system. This system acquires the electric field distribution at the end of the tipped waveguide. Qualitatively, the electric field maps confirm the presence of photonic jets that were recently predicted by a computational model based on boundary integral equations. Backscattering induced by the interaction of a particle with the electromagnetic jet is also measured; particles with a size smaller than the incident wavelength can be easily detected. The high sensitivity feature of the backscattering can be used to develop a near-field technique for microwave or optical imaging.
Preprophase Bands, Phragmoplasts, and Spatial Control of Cytokinesis

SUMMARY Features of preprophase bands (PPBs) of microtubules (MTs), and the spatial relationship between phragmosomes, PPB sites, and developing phragmoplasts during cytokinesis, are reviewed, setting new observations in the context of current knowledge. PPBs in onion root tip cells are present by the beginning of the G2 period of the cell cycle. They are at first wide, but later become more compact, narrower bands. MTs traverse the cytoplasm between the band at the cell cortex and the nuclear envelope. This whole assemblage of nucleus, PPB and intervening MTs remains together when the cell is ruptured during preparation for examination by immunofluorescence microscopy. Double bands are occasionally seen in early stages of PPB development, perhaps as a consequence of double induction from neighbouring cells. Calmodulin is not present in PPBs at a higher concentration than in the general cytoplasm, but it is more abundant in parts of the spindle and in the phragmoplast. The PPB MTs disappear at prophase, but nevertheless the new cell plate fuses with the parental cell walls at the PPB site. This spatial relationship can be disrupted by treatment with CIPC. Another experimental disruption of the relationship, accomplished by making minute wounds in the PPB site of mitotic cells in Tradescantia stamen hairs, is described. In other experiments on these cells the phragmoplast is shown to become tethered to the PPB site when the cell plate is half to three-quarters developed, although the telophase nuclei are free to move. Rhodamine-labelled phalloidin reveals putative F-actin in the phragmoplast of Tradescantia, but not in the gap between the extending phragmoplast and the PPB site. Rhodamine-labelled phalloidin also stains cytoplasmic strands that exist when cytoplasmic streaming occurs before and after (but not during) mitosis. Cytochalasin B treatment blocks incorporation of actin into the phragmoplast, which, however, can still develop, though usually abnormally. The F-actin of the phragmoplast may function in consolidation of the cell plate, rather than in spatial guidance of its growth toward the PPB site at the cell surface.