Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin Effect in the Exoplanetary System HD 17156

We present an improved measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for the exoplanetary system HD 17156, based on radial-velocity data gathered with the Subaru 8.2m telescope throughout the planetary transit of UT 2008 November 7. The data allow for a precise and independent determination of the projected spin-orbit angle of this system: � = 10.0 ◦ ± 5.1 ◦ . This result supersedes the previous claim of � = 62 ◦ ± 25 ◦ by Narita et al., which was based on lower-precision data with poor statistics. Thus the stellar spin and planetary orbital axes of the HD 17156 system are likely to be well-aligned, despite the planet’s large orbital eccentricity suggesting a history of strong dynamical interactions.
Comparison of lazy Bayesian rule, and tree-augmented Bayesian learning

The naive Bayes classifier is widely used in interactive applications due to its computational efficiency, direct theoretical base, and competitive accuracy. However its attribute independence assumption can result in sub-optimal accuracy. A number of techniques have explored simple relaxations of the attribute independence assumption in order to increase accuracy. Among these, the lazy Bayesian rule (LBR) and the tree-augmented naive Bayes (TAN) have demonstrated strong prediction accuracy. However their relative performance has never been evaluated. The paper compares and contrasts these two techniques, finding that they have comparable accuracy and hence should be selected according to computational profile. LBR is desirable when small numbers of objects are to be classified while TAN is desirable when large numbers of objects are to be classified.
Gradual constraint-ranking learning algorithm predicts acquisition order

We will show that the Gradual Constraint-Ranking Learning Algorithm is capable of modelling attested acquisition orders and learning curves in a realistic manner, thus bridging the gap that used to exist between formal computational learning algorithms and actual acquisition data. Levelt, Schiller, and Levelt (to appear) found that the acquisition order for syllable types for twelve children acquiring Dutch is as depicted in Figure 1.
Working within and against neoliberal accreditation agendas: opportunities for Professional Experience

Over the past decade in Australia, a neo‐liberal political climate has delivered to universities and schools increasing expectations concerning accountability and conformity within professional standards frameworks. This has contributed to growing pressure around Professional Experience programs within teacher education. In light of such accountability agendas, this paper analyses impacts arising from the emergence of institutions such as the New South Wales Institute of Teachers. In response to an insistent discourse of ‘partnerships’, it draws on the work of Lave and Wegner (1991), as well as Engeström (1999), to pose a reconceptualised model of Professional Experience based on the concept of Activity Systems. An approach to partnerships that structures Professional Experience in schools around the notion of ‘communities of learning’ is presented. By shifting power relations and roles around Professional Experience, it is claimed a co‐learning environment that more effectively and concurrently attends to the professional learning needs of student teachers, as well as those of practising teachers, can be developed.
Molecular Characterization of the Interaction of Borrelia parkeri and Borrelia turicatae with Human Complement Regulators

ABSTRACT In North America, tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by the species Borrelia hermsii, B. parkeri, and B. turicatae, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of the respective infected tick vectors. Here we describe the identification and functional characterization of a surface lipoprotein of B. parkeri, designated BpcA, that binds the human complement regulators factor H and factor H-related protein 1 and, simultaneously, the host protease plasminogen. In contrast, the homologous B. turicatae protein failed to bind human factor H and factor H-related protein 1 but retained its plasminogen binding capacity. Factor H bound to BpcA maintains its regulatory capacity to control C3b deposition and C3 convertase activity. Ectopic expression of BpcA in a serum-sensitive B. burgdorferi strain protects transformed cells from complement-mediated killing. Furthermore, bound plasminogen/plasmin endows B. parkeri and B. turicatae with the potential to degrade extracellular matrix components. These findings expand our understanding of the putative recent evolutionary separation of Borrelia parkeri and Borrelia turicatae, provide evidence that B. parkeri differs from B. turicatae in its ability to resist complement attack, and may help in understanding the pathological processes underlying tick-borne relapsing fever.
Erratum: Resolving the age bimodality of galaxy stellar populations on kpc scales

Galaxies in the local Universe are known to follow bimodal distributions in the global stellar population properties. We analyse the distribution of the local average stellar population ages of 654 053 sub-galactic regions resolved on ˜1 kpc scales in a volume-corrected sample of 394 galaxies, drawn from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) DR3 integral-field-spectroscopy survey and complemented by Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging. We find a bimodal local-age distribution, with an old and a young peak primarily due to regions in early-type galaxies and star-forming regions of spirals, respectively. Within spiral galaxies, the older ages of bulges and interarm regions relative to spiral arms support an internal age bimodality. Although regions of higher stellar mass surface density, μ*, are typically older, μ* alone does not determine the stellar population age and a bimodal distribution is found at any fixed μ*. We identify an 'old ridge' of regions of age ˜9 Gyr, independent of μ*, and a 'young sequence' of regions with age increasing with μ* from 1-1.5 to 4-5 Gyr. We interpret the former as regions containing only old stars, and the latter as regions where the relative contamination of old stellar populations by young stars decreases as μ* increases. The reason why this bimodal age distribution is not inconsistent with the unimodal shape of the cosmic-averaged star formation history is that (I) the dominating contribution by young stars biases the age low with respect to the average epoch of star formation, and (II) the use of a single average age per region is unable to represent the full time extent of the star formation history of 'young sequence' regions.
Effects of Different Missing Data Imputation Techniques on the Performance of Undiagnosed Diabetes Risk Prediction Models in a Mixed-Ancestry Population of South Africa

Background Imputation techniques used to handle missing data are based on the principle of replacement. It is widely advocated that multiple imputation is superior to other imputation methods, however studies have suggested that simple methods for filling missing data can be just as accurate as complex methods. The objective of this study was to implement a number of simple and more complex imputation methods, and assess the effect of these techniques on the performance of undiagnosed diabetes risk prediction models during external validation. Methods Data from the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort served as the basis for this study. Imputation methods and models were identified via recent systematic reviews. Models’ discrimination was assessed and compared using C-statistic and non-parametric methods, before and after recalibration through simple intercept adjustment. Results The study sample consisted of 1256 individuals, of whom 173 were excluded due to previously diagnosed diabetes. Of the final 1083 individuals, 329 (30.4%) had missing data. Family history had the highest proportion of missing data (25%). Imputation of the outcome, undiagnosed diabetes, was highest in stochastic regression imputation (163 individuals). Overall, deletion resulted in the lowest model performances while simple imputation yielded the highest C-statistic for the Cambridge Diabetes Risk model, Kuwaiti Risk model, Omani Diabetes Risk model and Rotterdam Predictive model. Multiple imputation only yielded the highest C-statistic for the Rotterdam Predictive model, which were matched by simpler imputation methods. Conclusions Deletion was confirmed as a poor technique for handling missing data. However, despite the emphasized disadvantages of simpler imputation methods, this study showed that implementing these methods results in similar predictive utility for undiagnosed diabetes when compared to multiple imputation.
Towards detecting influenza epidemics by analyzing Twitter messages

Rapid response to a health epidemic is critical to reduce loss of life. Existing methods mostly rely on expensive surveys of hospitals across the country, typically with lag times of one to two weeks for influenza reporting, and even longer for less common diseases. In response, there have been several recently proposed solutions to estimate a population's health from Internet activity, most notably Google's Flu Trends service, which correlates search term frequency with influenza statistics reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this paper, we analyze messages posted on the micro-blogging site Twitter.com to determine if a similar correlation can be uncovered. We propose several methods to identify influenza-related messages and compare a number of regression models to correlate these messages with CDC statistics. Using over 500,000 messages spanning 10 weeks, we find that our best model achieves a correlation of . 78 with CDC statistics by leveraging a document classifier to identify relevant messages.
Expression Profiling of Four Defense-Related Buffalograss Transcripts in Response to Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Feeding

ABSTRACT Oxidative enzymes are one of many key players in plant tolerance responses and defense signaling pathways. This study evaluated gene expression of four buffalograss transcripts (two peroxidases, a catalase, and a GRAS (gibberellic acid insensitive [GAI], repressor of GAI, and scarecrow) and total peroxidase activity in response to western chinch bug (Blissus occiduus Barber) feeding in susceptible and resistant buffalograsses (Buchloë dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann). Basal levels of all four transcripts were consistently higher in the resistant buffalograss when compared with the susceptible genotype, which suggests important physiological differences exist between the two buffalograsses. The four defense-related transcripts also showed differential expression between infested and control plants for both the resistant and susceptible buffalograsses. Differences in total peroxidase activity were also detected between control and infested plants, and basal peroxidase activity was higher in the resistant genotype. Overall, this study indicates that elevated basal levels of specific peroxidases, catalases, and GRAS may be an effective buffalograss defense strategy against chinch bug feeding and other similar biotic stresses.
Teaching by the Case Method

The case method of instruction has a long history in American education. In recent years the method has been incorporated into new fields. With this expansion, patterns of using the method have changed (1). In medical schools the case method is traditional. Patients are provided to help students learn to diagnose and prescribe treatment for a variety of illnesses. In addition to "real" cases, written descriptions of presenting symptoms are used as training supplements. But it is in the law schools that we find the most familiar and the
Group versus individual approach? A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity

The purpose of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis to empirically compare the relative merits of different contexts typically employed in the physical activity intervention literature for five categories of outcomes: adherence, social interaction, quality of life, physiological effectiveness, and functional effectiveness. Four contexts were examined: home-based programmes not involving contact from researchers or health-care professionals, home-based programmes that involved some contact, standard exercise classes, and exercise classes where group-dynamics principles were used to increase cohesiveness (‘true groups’). Standard literature searches produced 44 relevant studies containing 214 effect sizes. Results revealed a common trend across dependent variables; exercising in a true group was superior to exercising in a standard exercise class, which in turn, did not differ from exercising at home with contact. Furthermore, exercising at home with contact was superior to exercising at home without contact. These results have implications for practitioners in terms of the importance of contact and social support in physical activity interventions.
Fit Index Sensitivity in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling

Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM) is used to estimate latent variable models in the presence of multilevel data. A key feature of MSEM is its ability to quantify the extent to which a hypothesized model fits the observed data. Several test statistics and so-called fit indices can be calculated in MSEM as is done in single-level structural equation modeling. Accordingly, problems associated with these measures in the single-level case may apply to the multilevel case and new complications may arise. Few studies, however, have examined the performance of fit indices in MSEM. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that evaluating fit at each level separately is advantageous to evaluating fit for the overall model. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of several fit indices to misspecification in the cluster-level model under varying multilevel data conditions including the intraclass correlation coefficient, sample size configuration, and severity of model misspecification. Furthermore, two methods of level-specific fit evaluation were compared. Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study suggest that fit indices are affected by the ICC of model indicators and sample size configurations in MSEM. With the exception of the SRMR, all fit indices were less sensitive to cluster-level model misspecification at low indicator ICCs, large overall sample sizes, and smaller numbers of clusters. Discrepancies in fit information between the two methods of level-specific fit were observed at low ICC values. Finally, two fit indices rarely used in SEM applications revealed desirable properties in certain simulation conditions. Implications of the simulation results are discussed and a program for implementing levelspecific fit evaluation in the R statistical language is provided.
A Framework for the Study of Emotions in Organizational Contexts

This research takes a holistic approach to the study of emotions in organizations based on a proposed framework. Emotions are related to expectations or goals. Some event serves as a catalyst by inhibiting or accelerating these expectations. This discrepancy from expectations results in cognitive and physiological awareness of felt emotions. Emotion management decisions are made to express or disguise the felt emotions. The resulting communication behaviors then affect future expectations. Content analysis of questionnaire data provided descriptive data that suggests the presence of the framework's major elements. Future examination of emotions based on this framework should assist in understanding this aspect of organizational life that is frequently ignored in a rational paradigm.
Cultural Variations in Accounts by American and Japanese Young Adults: Recalling a Major Conflict With Parents

American (N = 208) and Japanese young adults (N = 181) were asked to recall a major conflict with their parents for our study on cross-cultural variations in family communication. Reported conflict episodes were coded on: 1) topical content, 2) conflict strategy used by the parents, 3) conflict strategy used by the young adults, 4) outcome, and 5) reported consequences of the conflict. In both countries, four categories of conflict were identified: life and educational decisions, social and socializing behavior, moral or appropriate codes of conduct, and parent's behavior. Japanese young adults reported integration strategies most frequently for themselves and for their parents. American young adults reported that they used avoidance and their parents used distributed strategies most frequently. In both countries, parents got the final words more than the young adults did. Significantly more reciprocity (i.e., use of same conflict strategies by parent and young adult) was observed in Japanese accounts than in the American accounts. Results are considered in light of cultural variability and relational communication practices in the United States and Japan.
Examining elementary school children’s level of enjoyment of traditional tag games vs. interactive dance games

Enjoyment has been implicated as a determinant of physical activity among children and adolescents. However, the effect of different sport activities on children’s enjoyment remains largely unexplored. This study examined whether children’s enjoyment in physical education (PE) varied as a function of learning activities. Participants were 210 third- through sixth-grade children who had a 30 min PE class every week. Participants responded to a standardized self-report enjoyment survey measuring their enjoyment level in a PE class during which they participated in tag games. Students completed the same questionnaire when involved in interactive dance games in PE. The results revealed that children reported significantly higher scores in enjoyment toward interactive dance games than they did toward traditional games (p < .01). Also, girls exhibited higher enjoyment toward interactive dance games than boys did (p < .05). However, no gender difference emerged on enjoyment toward traditional games. In conclusion, it is practical and meaningful to integrate interactive dance games into PE.
Netrin 1 mediates spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor dispersal

In spinal cord, oligodendrocyte precursors that give rise to myelin-forming cells originate in a restricted domain of the ventral ventricular zone. During development, these cells migrate widely throughout the spinal cord. Netrin 1 is expressed at the ventral ventricular zone during oligodendrocyte precursors emigration, and, in vitro, netrin 1 acts as chemorepellent and antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) chemoattraction. Oligodendrocyte precursors express the netrin receptors DCC and UNC5 and function-blocking anti-DCC antibody inhibits chemorepulsion of ventral spinal cord explants and netrin-secreting cells. In spinal cord slice preparations, addition of function-blocking anti-DCC antibody or netrin 1 dramatically inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor migration from the ventral ventricular zone. These data indicate the initial dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursors from their localized origin is guided by a chemorepellent response to netrin 1.
Human herpes virus 8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma diagnosed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography and laparoscopy

Human herpes virus 8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)-like lymphoma is a rare type of large B cell lymphoma. This report presents the case of a male with abdominal pain and distension who was found to have massive ascites and enhanced peritoneum, mesenterium and greater omentum on enhanced computer tomography (CT) scan with negative ascitic cytology. The diagnosis of PEL-like lymphoma was established by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and laparoscopic biopsy of the greater omentum. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second case report to describe FDG PET/CT presentations of PEL-like lymphoma, and the first case report to use laparoscopy for diagnosis.
Matrix Factorization with Content Relationships for Media Personalization

Content personalization is identified as a key technology for enabling ubiquitous access to social media. Recommender systems implement media personalization, by suggesting relevant content and helping users in addressing the "information overload" problem. In this paper, our aim is to improve per- sonalization by increasing the accuracy of recommendations. We propose a novel method, called Content Relationships Matrix Factorization (CRMF), which exploits additional information in the form of content relationships that express relevance between items. We model content relationships based on af- finity graphs and use them in the context of matrix-factorization, which are cur- rently the state-of-the-art prediction models for recommender systems. In our experimental evaluation with a real data set, we demonstrate the accuracy im- provement of CRMF compared to matrix factorization models that do not take into account content relationships. Our experimental results show that CRMF compares favorably to the baseline method, demonstrating the usefulness of considering content relationships.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering biomedical applications of plasmonic colloidal particles

This review article presents a general view of the recent progress in the fast developing area of surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the detection and identification of molecular species in very small concentrations, with a particular focus on potential applications in the biomedical area. We start with a brief overview of the relevant concepts related to the choice of plasmonic nanostructures for the design of suitable substrates, their implementation into more complex materials that allow generalization of the method and detection of a wide variety of (bio)molecules and the strategies that can be used for both direct and indirect sensing. In relation to indirect sensing, we devote the final section to a description of SERS-encoded particles, which have found wide application in biomedicine (among other fields), since they are expected to face challenges such as multiplexing and high-throughput screening.
Retrieval of Moisture from Slant-Path Water Vapor Observations of a Hypothetical GPS Network Using a Three-Dimensional Variational Scheme with Anisotropic Background Error

Abstract A three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) scheme is developed for retrieving three-dimensional moisture in the atmosphere from slant-path measurements of a hypothetical ground-based global positioning system (GPS) observation network. It is assumed that the observed data are in the form of slant-path water vapor (SWV), which is the integrated water vapor along the slant path between the ground receiver and the GPS satellite. The inclusion of a background in the analysis overcomes the under-determinedness problem. An explicit Gaussian-type spatial filter is used to model the background error covariances that can be anisotropic. As a unique aspect of this study, an anisotropic spatial filter based on flow-dependent background error structures is implemented and tested and the filter coefficients are derived from either true background error field or from the increment of an intermediate analysis that is obtained using an isotropic filter. In the latter case, an iterative procedure is involved. A set .