Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Iterative Thresholding Algorithm Based on Plug-and-Play Priors for Compressive Sampling

We propose a novel fast iterative thresholding algorithm for image compressive sampling (CS) recovery using three existing denoisers—i.e., TV (total variation), wavelet, and BM3D (block-matching and 3D filtering) denoisers. Through the use of the recently introduced plug-and-play prior approach, we turn these denoisers into CS solvers. Thus, our method can jointly utilize the global and nonlocal sparsity of images. The former is captured by TV and wavelet denoisers for maintaining the entire consistency; while the latter is characterized by the BM3D denoiser to preserve details by exploiting image self-similarity. This composite constraint problem is then solved with the fast composite splitting technique. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms several excellent CS techniques.
USEFULNESS AND SAFETY OF SB KNIFE JR IN ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL TUMORS

Use of a Dual knife has become commonplace for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of colorectal tumors at Hiroshima University Hosipital. A Hook knife has been also used in combination with the Dual knife, depending on the location of the lesion. We have had recent opportunities to use a scissors‐type SB knife Jr. We retrospectively compared outcomes of colorectal ESD performed with the Dual knife in combination with the SB knife Jr versus the Hook knife. In conclusion, although the Hook knife was shown to be a very useful auxiliary device for colorectal ESD, the SB knife Jr. yielded better results than the Hook knife in terms of complete en block resection and avoidance of perforation. Use of the Dual knife with the SB Knife Jr shows good potential for improving complete en bloc resection rate and safety of technically difficult colorectal ESD.
Channel characterization for polarimetrie HF skywave radar

When one considers the power and sophistication of modern HF skywave `over-the-horizon' radars, it is a remarkable fact that they make little or no attempt to exploit the polarization domain, choosing instead to transmit and receive on antenna arrays whose elements share a single, linear polarization. There are several factors which have contributed to this state of affairs, including the cost and complexity of polarimetric antenna element design, and the limited control that the radar operator has over the skywave channel polarization transformation properties. Nevertheless, the fact remains that, figuratively speaking, half of the information content of the signal reaching the receiver is being ignored. In this paper we report an experiment which was designed to characterize the skywave channel in a high dimensional space, including the polarization domain as a subspace. The results establish that the conventional model of the polarization transformation as a manifestation of Faraday rotation is clearly inadequate and reveal the complex inter-dependence of signal spatio-temporal coherence, wave repolarization and wave depolarization. Any channel model employed to simulate OTHR performance or used as a basis for formulating signal processing techniques should reflect the interplay between these effects.
Anomalous Dispersion in Er 3 +-and Yb 3 +-Doped Fibers

An experimental and theoretical study of anomalous dispersion in Er3+and Er3+-Yb3+-doped fibers has been developed. Anomalous time delay caused by both absorption and emission at 1535 pm has been theoretically Calculated and experimentally measured. A pump power dependence of anomalous time delay in rare-earth-doped fibers has been theoretically calculated and experimentally investigated. It has been shown that pump power fluctuations lead to propagation time jitter in Er3+-doped fiber ampliiers. The pulse interaction due to refractive index change caused by gain saturation is predicted. It has been shown that for Er3+-doped fibers with SiOz-GeOz core composition, the anomalous dispersion per 1 4 B gain is twice that of fibers with Si02-Al203 core, which is caused by gain curve form Werence. A scheme of mutual compensation of intrinsic fiber dispersion and anomalous dispersion caused by Er3+ in the region 1.532-1.537 pm has been suggested.
Delayed graft rejection in pre-vascularised corneas after subconjunctival injection of clodronate liposomes.

PURPOSE To test the effects of clodronate liposomes on graft survival and neovascularisation after transplantation in pre-vascularised recipient corneas. METHODS Corneal neovascularisation was induced in F344 rats by injecting heat inactivated rabbit serum intrastromally. After 4 weeks F344 rats were orthotopically grafted with corneal buttons from DA rats. Directly after transplantation and on 2, 4, 6 and 8 days postoperatively clodronate liposomes were administrated subconjunctivally in one group, whereas the other group remained untreated. For 60 days grafts were observed for signs of graft rejection and neovascularisation. RESULTS Graft survival was significantly prolonged, but not prevented in clodronate liposome treated rats compared to untreated rats ( p =.004). Also clodronate liposome administration delays growth of corneal neovascularisation after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies revealed that clodronate liposomes prevent corneal graft rejection and reduce neovascularisation in orthotopic corneal allotransplantation in rats. This study shows that also in pre-vascularised recipient corneas subconjunctival administration of clodronate liposomes seems to delay corneal graft rejection and reduces neovascularisation.
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ONCALLUS INDUCTION IN PHYSALIS MINIMA LINN

Different concentrations and combinations of hormones were used in MS medium to observe callus induction and then plant regeneration using leaf as explant. The rate of callus formation varied in different treatments used. The highest amount of callus (80.67%) was produced on MS medium containing 3.0 mg/l NAA from leaf after 20 days. The highest fresh weight of callus was obtained from 2.0 mg/l IAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The highest percentage of regeneration (46.28%) was recorded in MS media containing 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.25 mg/l IAA from leaf after 42 days. The protocol in the study might be useful for the production of disease free and healthy plant materials and also it would be useful for genetic transformation and secondary metabolite production of Physalis minima using biotechnological approach
Function of the HVCN 1 proton channel in airway epithelia and a naturally occurring mutation , M 91 T

The pH of the airway surface liquid (ASL) is regulated by several acid and base transporters (for review see Fischer and Widdicombe, 2006). There have been reports of ASL pH values measured in vivo ranging from 5.5 to 8.3, with acidic values found in asthma and cystic fibrosis and alkaline values in rhinitis patients (Fischer and Widdicombe, 2006). Acid secretion by human airways is thought to involve three apical mechanisms: two ATP-dependent transporters (H/K ATPase and V-type H ATPase) may transport H against considerable electrochemical H gradients; in contrast, H secretion across H channels requires an outward electrochemical driving force to drive H secretion and open H channels (Cherny et al., 1995). We have previously identified H channels in the apical membrane of human tracheal epithelial cultures and airway cell lines and have found a contribution of apical H channels to acid secretion into the ASL (Fischer et al., 2002). However, it has been unclear when H channels are physiologically active in airways. Membrane depolarization is a key activator of H channels in phagocytes during the respiratory burst (DeCoursey, 2003b), which depolarize from their resting potential by >100 mV to +60 mV (DeCoursey, 2003a). In contrast, the apical
“Why Is This So Hard?” A Review of Detection of Malingered ADHD in College Students

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review studies that have investigated malingered ADHD in college students and offer recommendations for assessing effort in clinical evaluations of ADHD in college students. Method: This article identified and summarized nineteen peer-reviewed, empirical studies published between 2002 and 2011 that investigated malingered ADHD in college students. Results: Few of the measures examined proved useful for detecting malingered ADHD. Most self-report questionnaires were not sensitive to malingering. While there is some variability in the usefulness of neuropsychological test failure, profiles between malingerers and individuals with ADHD are too similar to confidently detect malingered ADHD. Failure of three or more symptom validity tests proved most useful at detecting malingered ADHD. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is substantial need for measures designed specifically for detecting malingered ADHD simulators are able to produce plausible profiles on most tools used to diagnose ADHD.
Transition to family practice in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION Turkey's primary health care (PHC) system was established in the beginning of the 1960s and provides preventive and curative basic medical services to the population. This article describes the experience of the Turkish health system, as it tries to adapt to the European health system. It describes the current organization of primary health care and the family medicine model that is in the process of implementation and discusses implications of the transition for family physicians and the challenges faced in meeting the needs for health care staff. In Turkey a trend toward urbanization is evident and more staff positions in rural PHC centers are vacant. Shortages of physicians and an ineffective distribution of doctors are seen as a major problem. Family medicine gained popularity at the beginning of the 1990s, as a specialty with a 3-year postgraduate training program. Medical practitioners who are graduates of a 6-year medical training program and are already working in the PHC system are offered retraining courses. Better working conditions and higher salaries may be important incentives for medical practitioners to sign a contract with the social security institution of Turkey. DISCUSSION The lack of well-trained primary care staff is an ongoing challenge. Attempts to retrain medical practitioners to act as family physicians show promising results. Shortness of physician and health professionals and lack of time and resources in primary health care are problems to overcome during this process.
Issues in Modeling Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Modules by Single-Diode Equivalent Circuit

In this paper, the applicability of the well-known single-diode equivalent circuit to modeling amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules is questioned. It is shown that, unlike in mono- and polycrystalline modules, all of the equivalent circuit parameters are irradiation dependent. This dependence may be derived from either manufacturer-provided or measured I-V curves for different irradiation levels. In order to extract the equivalent circuit parameters, the suggested approach combines numerical solution of two transcendental and two regular algebraic equation systems with single-parameter fitting procedure. Two additional parameters are introduced to describe temperature dependence of photocurrent and diode reverse saturation current. As result, a set of seven parameters is obtained, comprehensively describing the panel performance for arbitrary ambient conditions. It is shown that characteristic curves obtained using the proposed approach match well the manufacturer-provided data for various values of temperature and irradiation.
Sleep oxygen desaturation predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest poor sleep quality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, so far, the impact of IPF-related sleep breathing disorders (SBDs) on survival has not been extensively studied. METHODS In a cohort of 31 (24 males) treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed consecutive IPF patients, we prospectively investigated the relationship of SBD parameters such as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), maximal difference in oxygen saturation between wakefulness and sleep (maxdiff SpO2), and lowest sleep oxygen saturation (lowest SpO2) with clinical (survival, dyspnea, daytime sleepiness), pulmonary function, submaximal (6-min walk test [6MWT]) and maximal exercise variables (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]), and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). RESULTS Sleep oxygen desaturation exceeded significantly that of maximal exercise (p < 0.001). Maxdiff SpO2 was inversely related to survival, DLCO%, and SpO2 after 6MWT, and directly with dyspnea, AHI, and RVSP. The lowest SpO2 was directly related to survival and to functional (TLC%, DLCO%) as well as submaximal and maximal exercise variables (6MWT distance, SpO2 after 6MWT, peak oxygen consumption/kg, SpO2 at peak exercise), while an inverse association with dyspnea score, AHI, and RVSP was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that intermittent sleep oxygen desaturation significantly exceeds that of maximal exercise and is associated with survival in IPF patients. Furthermore, they imply the existence of a link between lung damage and apnea events resulting to the induction and severity of intermittent sleep oxygen desaturation that aggravate pulmonary arterial hypertension and influence IPF survival.
INCERTITUDES DE MESURES PIV PAR FLOT OPTIQUE

L'estimation des incertitudes de mesures PIV est un probleme difﬁcile. L'acces a cette information est possible pour des techniques de type ﬂot optique basees sur une modelisation des connaissances entre l'image et le champ de vitesse a estimer. Nous montrons dans cette etude que la formulation probabiliste de ces modeles dans un cadre bayesien permet de prendre en compte les sources d'incertitudes et de determiner une incertitude de mesure. La nouvelle approche fournit une cartographie des incertitudes de mesures et apporte un cadre pour l'analyse des a priori introduits dans les techniques de mesures PIV.
A Tactile Visual Library To Support User Experience Storytelling

This paper presents an adult visual narrative stimulus (tactile visual library) that supports the reduction of physical distance between the user-centred design practitioner (maker of the visual narrative artefact) and the user narrative. Two user experience storytelling sessions were conducted involving adult participants, within a community centre in the United Kingdom, who identified themselves as community centre workers or community centre users. A tactile visual library was used to support the production of current experience comic strips, a previously developed instrument that prompts adult visual narrative production. This paper discusses the design philosophy and role of the tactile visual library and presents the method developed to rigorously analyse, verify and display adult user narratives.
Combining cooperative and adversarial coevolution in the context of pac-man

In this paper we discuss our recent approach for evolving a diverse set of agents for both the Pac-Man and the Ghost Team track of the current Ms. Pac-Man vs. Ghost Team competition. We used genetic programming for generating various agents, which were distributed in multiple populations. The optimization includes cooperative and adversarial subtasks, such that Pac-Man is constantly competing against the Ghost Team, whereas the Ghost Team is formed of four cooperatively evolving populations. For the generation of a Ghost Team and calculation of the associated fitness we took one individual from each population. This strict separation preserves the evolution pressure for each population such that respective Ghost Teams compete against each other in developing an efficient cooperation in catching Pac-Man. This approach not only is useful for developing a versatile set of playing agents, but also for adapting the team to the current behavior of the competing populations. Ultimately, we aim for optimizing both tasks in parallel.
Scene-adaptive single image dehazing via opening dark channel model

Many traditional dark channel prior based haze removal schemes often suffer from the colour distortion and generate halo artefacts in the remote scenes. To tackle these issues, the authors present an efficient scene-adaptive single image dehazing approach via opening dark channel model (ODCM). First, the authors detect the image depth information and separate it into close view and distant view. Then, an ODCM is proposed to optimise the whole atmospheric veil, in which the values of close view are regularised by a minimum channel image while the distant parts are estimated by an appropriate lower constant. Accordingly, the transmission map can be further optimised by guide filter and smoothed by domain transform filter. Finally, the haze degraded image can be well restored by the atmosphere scattering model. The extensive experiments have shown that the proposed image dehazing approach has significantly increased the perceptual visibility of the scene and achieved a better colour fidelity visually.
The Influence of Method of Administration and Covariates on the Pharmacokinetics of Propofol in Adult Volunteers

Background Unresolved issues with propofol include whether the pharmacokinetics are linear with dose, are influenced by method of administration (bolus vs. infusion), or are influenced by age. Recently, a new formulation of propofol emulsion, containing disodium edetate (EDTA), was introduced in the United States. Addition of EDTA was found by the manufacturer to significantly reduce bacterial growth. This study investigated the influences of method of administration, infusion rate, patient covariates, and EDTA on the pharmacokinetics of propofol. Methods Twenty‐four healthy volunteers aged 26–81 yr were given a bolus dose of propofol, followed 1 h later by a 60‐min infusion. Each volunteer was randomly assigned to an infusion rate of 25, 50, 100, or 200 micro gram [center dot] kg‐1 [center dot] min‐1. Each volunteer was studied twice under otherwise identical circumstances: once receiving propofol without EDTA and once receiving propofol with EDTA. The influence of the method of administration and of the volunteer covariates was explored by fitting a three‐compartment mamillary model to the data. The influence of EDTA was investigated by direct comparison of the measured concentrations in both sessions. Results The concentrations of propofol with and without EDTA were not significantly different. The concentration measurements after the bolus dose were significantly underpredicted by the parameters obtained just from the infusion data. The kinetics of propofol were linear within the infusion range of 25–200 micro gram [center dot] kg‐1 [center dot] min‐1. Age was a significant covariate for Volume2 and Clearance2, as were weight, height, and lean body mass for the metabolic clearance. Conclusions These results demonstrate that method of administration (bolus vs. infusion), but not EDTA, influences the pharmacokinetics of propofol. Within the clinically relevant range, the kinetics of propofol during infusions are linear regarding infusion rate.
Decay of Female Sexual Behavior Under Parthenogenesis

A laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum has existed for 20 years without males and therefore without natural selection operating to maintain the genetic basis of female mating behavior. The females of this strain have recently experienced a genetic impairment of mating capacity. This observation exemplifies the mode of evolution of vestigial characters and supports Muller's theory that random mutation will tend to destroy the genetic basis of a character from which selection has been removed.
A Nonparametric Bayesian Model for Local Clustering With Application to Proteomics

We propose a nonparametric Bayesian local clustering (NoB-LoC) approach for heterogeneous data. NoB-LoC implements inference for nested clusters as posterior inference under a Bayesian model. Using protein expression data as an example, the NoB-LoC model defines a protein (column) cluster as a set of proteins that give rise to the same partition of the samples (rows). In other words, the sample partitions are nested within protein clusters. The common clustering of the samples gives meaning to the protein clusters. Any pair of samples might belong to the same cluster for one protein set but to different clusters for another protein set. These local features are different from features obtained by global clustering approaches such as hierarchical clustering, which create only one partition of samples that applies for all the proteins in the dataset. In addition, the NoB-LoC model is different from most other local or nested clustering methods, which define clusters based on common parameters in the sampling model. As an added and important feature, the NoB-LoC method probabilistically excludes sets of irrelevant proteins and samples that do not meaningfully cocluster with other proteins and samples, thus improving the inference on the clustering of the remaining proteins and samples. Inference is guided by a joint probability model for all the random elements. We provide a simulation study and a motivating example to demonstrate the unique features of the NoB-LoC model. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Software reconnaissance: Mapping program features to code

Maintainers of old code often need to discover where particular program features are implemented. This paper presents a method, called ‘software reconnaissance’ for answering this question through an analysis of the execution of different test cases. The method is quite easy to implement, requiring only a test coverage monitor, some simple tools, and a surprisingly small number of test cases. A statistical case study is presented that shows the kind of results that can be obtained on a typical medium-sized program. The method seems to be effective in identifying a small number of code components that are unique to a particular program feature, though it may not find all components that make up the feature's delocalized plan. A small protocol case study shows that professional programmers can learn to use the method quickly and can use the information that it produces. Software reconnaissance may be a simple but useful addition to the maintainer's tool kit in that it provides starting points for understanding a large program and a way of recovering some requirements traceability information from old code. For the researcher, it also provides a novel functionality ‘view’ of software that maps features to program components at different levels of precision.