Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISCHEMIC ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY : DEFINITIONS , EPIDEMIOLOGY , AND OUTCOME The term “ acute kidney injury

Patschan D, Kribben A, Müller GA. Postischemic microvasculopathy and endothelial progenitor cell-based therapy in ischemic AKI: update and perspectives. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 311: F382–F394, 2016. First published May 18, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00232. 2016. —Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases mortality of hospitalized patients. Incidences have been increased in recent years. The most frequent cause is transient renal hypoperfusion or ischemia which induces significant tubular cell dysfunction/damage. In addition, two further events take place: interstitial inflammation and microvasculopathy (MV). The latter evolves within minutes to hours postischemia and may result in permanent deterioration of the peritubular capillary network, ultimately increasing the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the long term. In recent years, our understanding of the molecular/cellular processes responsible for acute and sustained microvasculopathy has increasingly been expanded. The methodical approaches for visualizing impaired peritubular blood flow and increased vascular permeability have been optimized, even allowing the depiction of tissue abnormalities in a threedimensional manner. In addition, endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of MV, has increasingly been recognized as an inductor of both vascular malfunction and interstitial inflammation. In this regard, so-called regulated necrosis of the endothelium could potentially play a role in postischemic inflammation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), represented by at least two major subpopulations, have been shown to promote vascular repair in experimental AKI, not only in the short but also in the long term. The discussion about the true biology of the cells continues. It has been proposed that early EPCs are most likely myelomonocytic in nature, and thus they may simply be termed proangiogenic cells (PACs). Nevertheless, they reliably protect certain types of tissues/organs from ischemia-induced damage, mostly by modulating the perivascular microenvironment in an indirect manner. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge on postischemic MV and EPC-mediated renal repair.
Pharmacological effects of rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa

Chinese herbs have been widely used as important remedies in oriental medicine and in recent decades many biologically active constituents of selected herbs have been isolated and evaluated for their pharmacological activity. Evodia rutaecarpa(Chinese name: WuChu-Yu) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for a long time in Chinese medical practice. The dried unripened fruit of Evodia rutaecarpais used as a remedy for gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, dysentery), headache, amenorrhea, and postpartum hemorrhage (1). It has also been claimed to have a remarkable central stimulant effect (1), a transient hypertensive effect (1,2), and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (3). In phytochemical studies a wide variety of compounds, including alkaloids, were found in the fruits of this plant. The alkaloid constituents of this fruit include rutaecarpine, evodiamine, wuchuyine, hydroxyevodiamine (rhesinine), dehydroevodiamine, evocarpine, 1-methyl-2-pentadecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone,1-methyl-2-tridecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (dihydroevocarpine), 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone, dihydrorutaecarpine, and 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine (4). Non-alkaloid constituents include rutaevin, limonin (evodin), evodol, evodinone, evogin, gushuyic and other fatty acids (5). Several of these components are known to possess pharmacological activity. For example, dehydroevodiamine, which is formed by the reduction of evodiamine, induces hypotension, bradycardia, and vasodilation, and it has antiarrhythmic activity (6,7). Evodiamine has a positive inotropic effect on isolated left atria from guinea pigs (8) and an antianoxic action in KCN-induced anoxia in mice (9). The cardiovascular effects of dehydroevodiamine and evodiamine have been reported previously (6,7,10,11). Recently Chiou et al (11) reported that rutaecarpine has a vasodilator effect on isolated rat mesenteric arteries by an endotheliumand nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. We found that rutaecarpine inhibits aggregation of human platelets by inhibition of phospholipase C activity
Anti-control of Hopf bifurcation in derivative Lorenz chaotic system based on washout-filter

In this paper, a derivative Lorenz chaotic system is considered and the stability of equilibrium points and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are investigated by center manifold theorem and normal form theory. Besides, we designed a washout controller such that the derivative Lorenz chaotic system undergoes a controllable Hopf bifurcation. By the calculation of the first Lyapunov coefficient and adjust the controller parameters, we can control the Hopf bifurcation phenomenon of the equilibrium. Finally, numerical simulation is given to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Change in Dizziness Handicap After Vestibular Schwannoma Excision

Objective To evaluate the change in dizziness handicap after translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma excision. Study Design Prospective administration of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively; retrospective review of case notes. Setting A tertiary referral neuro-otology clinic. Patients A total of 100 consecutive patients who had vestibular schwannomas excised between June 1998 and November 2001 and who had completed Dizziness Handicap Inventories preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Interventions Translabyrinthine excision of a unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannoma; preoperative and postoperative generic vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Main Outcome Measures Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores. Results For most patients, dizziness handicap does not worsen postoperatively. However, for those in whom it does, dizziness handicap becomes significantly worse between preoperative and 3-month postoperative time points but then does not continue to decline. Tumor size, sex, and magnitude of preoperative canal paresis significantly affect the degree of change in handicap. Age, the presence of central vestibular system abnormalities, and the nature of the patient's principal presenting symptom have no effect on this handicap change. Conclusions These findings help the clinician in counseling the patient preoperatively about dizziness handicap to be expected postoperatively. In particular, the clinician is now able to take an informed and positive stance in the event of a severe canal paresis preoperatively.
Association between estrogen receptors and weight in women with breast cancer

A significant association between body weight and estrogen receptor protein (ERP) was noted in 83 women with primary and metastatic breast cancer. Thirteen of 34 (54%) women with weight >150 lb had low or absent receptor protein (<10 femtomoles/mg of cytoplasmic protein) compared to 15 of 59 (25%) women with weight <150 lb (P <0.025). The observed association was stronger in the group of 62 postmenopausal women (P <0.01). The findings suggest that the endocrine and metabolic milieu in women with increased weight favors autonomous growth of breast cancer, and adjuvant treatment in this group should be planned accordingly.
Chemokine Production by G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation in a Human Mast Cell Line: Roles of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and NFAT1

Chemoattractants are thought to be the first mediators generated at sites of bacterial infection. We hypothesized that signaling through G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors may stimulate cytokine production. To test this hypothesis, a human mast cell line (HMC-1) that normally expresses receptors for complement components C3a and C5a at low levels was stably transfected to express physiologic levels of fMLP receptors. We found that fMLP, but not C3a or C5a, induced macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β (CCL4) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) mRNA and protein. Although fMLP stimulated both sustained Ca2+ mobilization and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), these responses to C3a or C5a were transient. However, transient expression of C3a receptors in HMC-1 cells rendered the cells responsive to C3a for sustained Ca2+ mobilization and MIP-1β production. The fMLP-induced chemokine production was blocked by pertussis toxin, PD98059, and cyclosporin A, which respectively inhibit Giα activation, mitgen-activated protein kinase kinase-mediated ERK phosphorylation, and calcineurin-mediated activation of NFAT. Furthermore, fMLP, but not C5a, stimulated NFAT activation in HMC-1 cells. These data indicate that chemoattractant receptors induce chemokine production in HMC-1 cells with a selectivity that depends on the level of receptor expression, the length of their signaling time, and the synergistic interaction of multiple signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, sustained Ca2+ mobilization and NFAT activation.
Quantitative Estimation of the Pancreatic Islet Tissue in Diabetic Subjects

Many diabetic pancreases, particularly those of the young, exhibit no qualitative changes either in islet or acinar tissue. Quantitative variations are known to affect some of these pancreases but have never been expressed in terms of the weight of alpha and beta cells. This investigation was undertaken in an endeavor to compare the weights of islet tissue in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.
Text indpendent speaker recognition using wavelet cepstral coefficient and butter worth filter

In this paper an effective and vigorous method for text independent speaker identification is proposed to extract speech features. The objective of feature extraction is to extract features from speech and captures the unique characteristics of a individual speaker. The proposed method can be used in noisy environment with high degree of accuracy. The proposed method is based on the wavelet transform and the input speech signal is decomposed into various frequency channels. The purpose of Wavelet transform is to find the frequency spectrum while wavelet cepstral coefficient is used to capture the characteristic of the signal. It is more suitable than Fourier transform because it is restricted in both time and frequency whereas fourier transform is only restricted in frequency. The proposed method is capable to reduce the noise as well as also improves recognition effectively. Fuzzy rules are used for decision making. The proposed method is very useful in the field of forensic also. The performance of WCC is about 22% higher than mel-frequency cepstral coefficients.
Increased Plasma Leptin Levels Are Associated With Fat Accumulation in Japanese Americans

Although the hormone leptin seems to play a role in ensuring the maintenance of adequate energy stores and thereby protects against starvation, its role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity under normal circumstances is unclear. Overweight individuals have markedly elevated circulating leptin levels, suggesting that leptin's effect on food intake and thermogenesis is diminished or absent in obesity. Recent evidence, though, indicates that weight gain in Pima Indians is associated with relatively decreased levels of the hormone. Because it is important to understand whether a deficiency in circulating leptin contributes to the development of obesity, we sought to determine whether there is a relationship between leptin levels and subsequent changes in adiposity in a more typical population. We compared baseline plasma leptin concentrations to changes over 5 years in body weight, BMI, and computed tomography-determined total fat in 492 second- and third-generation Japanese Americans. Subjects were of 100% Japanese ancestry; male subjects had a mean BMI at baseline of 25.4 kg/m2 and a mean age of 54 years; female subjects had a mean BMI of 23.1 kg/m2 and a mean age of 53 years. Changes in weight (men: r = 0.17, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.20, P < 0.05), BMI (men: r = 0.17, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.18, P < 0.05), and total fat (men: r = 0.19, P < 0.05; women: r = 0.20, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with baseline leptin levels adjusted for baseline adiposity, fasting insulin, and age. In Japanese Americans, then, relatively increased leptin levels are associated with greater subsequent gains in weight and adiposity. We concluded that in this population, fat accumulation is associated not with leptin deficiency but possibly with leptin resistance and is preceded by increased leptin levels.
Understanding Reasons for Medication Nonadherence: An Exploration in Social Media Using Sentiment-Enriched Deep Learning Approach

Medication nonadherence (MNA) refers to the behavior when patients do not fill prescriptions. To take proactive measures and prevent harmful outcomes, the stakeholders need to understand patients’ reasons for MNA. Current studies attempt to provide one-size-fits-all solutions to the “average patients” and utilize survey or experiment design with small sample sizes to obtain a snapshot of this issue. To address these issues, we develop a semantically enhanced deep learning approach to detecting patient and drug-specific reasons for MNA using health social media data. Our model reached a precision of 86.43%, a recall of 92.53%, and an F1-score of 89.38%. This study contributes to information systems research by designing a deep-learning-based framework for detecting tailored reasons for MNA in real time. The framework is generalizable to understand motivations of various human behaviors. We also contribute to healthcare IT by discovering previously unknown MNA reasons from online health IT platforms.
Elucidation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway during Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia) seed development

Polyamines (PAs), such as spermidine and spermine, as well as amino acids that are substrates for their biosynthesis, are known to be essential for plant development. However, little is known about the gene expression and metabolic switches associated with the ornithine/arginine and PA biosynthetic pathway during seed development in conifers. To understand these metabolic switches, the enzyme activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase, as well as the contents of PAs and amino acids were evaluated in three Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze) seed developmental stages in combination with expression profile analyses of genes associated with the ornithine/arginine and PA biosynthetic pathway. Twelve genes were selected for further analysis and it was shown that the expression profiles of AaADC and AaSAMDC were up-regulated during zygotic embryo development. Polyamines and amino acids were found to accumulate differently in embryos and megagametophytes, and the transition from the globular to the cotyledonary stage was marked by an increase in free and conjugated spermidine and spermine contents. Putrescine is made from arginine, which was present at low content at the late embryogenesis stage, when high content of citrulline was observed. Differences in amino acids, PAs and gene expression profiles of biosynthetic genes at specific seed stages and at each seed transition stage were investigated, providing insights into molecular and physiological aspects of conifer embryogenesis for use in future both basic and applied studies.
Optimal Power Allocation to Increase Secure Energy Efficiency in a Two-Way Relay Network

In this paper, a cooperative secure transmission in a two-way relay network is investigated. Due to untrusted relay, physical layer security is adopted to secure the user''s messages from relay interruption. Considering the secure sum rate and power consumption for the network, we formulate an optimal power allocation (OPA) problem for the transmission to maximize the secure energy efficiency (EE). To lower the complexity of the optimization solution, an approximation based on Taylor expansion is introduced to achieve near optimal secure EE with acceptable errors. Finally, the numerical results are presented to validate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm and solution. The relative error of secure EE is not greater than 6% in the worst case, and about 1% in most cases, which is acceptable.
Algorithm 596: a program for a locally parameterized

is an open, o n e d i m e n s i o n a l C L m a n i f o l d in R n. W e are i n t e r e s t ed in c o m p u t i n g the c o n n e c t e d c o m p o n e n t 8R (F, x °) of £R (F) wh ich c o n t a i n s x °. B y a f u n d a m e n t a l r esu l t of d i f ferent ia l geome t ry (see, e.g., [5]), 8R(F, x °) is d i f feomorphic e i t he r to a circle or to some in t e rva l ( connec ted subse t ) of R ~. F o r s impl i c i ty we call (~R (F, x 0) the so lu t ion curve of (1.2) t h r o u g h x °.
Mupirocin-Induced Mutations in ileS in Various Genetic Backgrounds of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Topical mupirocin is widely used for the decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers. We evaluated the capacity of various MRSA clonotypes to develop mutations in the ileS gene associated with low-level mupirocin resistance. Twenty-four mupirocin-sensitive MRSA isolates from a variety of genotypes (determined by a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat assay) were selected. Mupirocin MICs were determined by Etest. The isolates were then incubated in subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin for 7 to 14 days. Repeat MIC determinations and sequencing of the ileS gene were then performed. Doubling times of isolates exposed to mupirocin and of unexposed isolates were compared. We found that exposure to mupirocin led to rapid induction of low-level resistance (MICs of 8 to 24 μg/ml) in 11 of 24 (46%) MRSA isolates. This phenomenon was observed in strains with diverse genetic backgrounds. Various mutations were detected in 18 of 24 (75%) MRSA isolates. Acquisition of mutations appeared to be a stepwise process during prolonged incubation with the drug. Among the five isolates exhibiting low-level resistance and the highest MICs, four tested sensitive after incubation in the absence of mupirocin but there was no reversion to the susceptible wild-type primary sequence. Resistance was not associated with significant fitness cost, suggesting that MRSA strains with low-level mupirocin resistance may have a selective advantage in facilities where mupirocin is commonly used. Our findings emphasize the importance of the judicious use of this topical agent and the need to closely monitor for the emergence of resistance.
A study of n-induced residue defect on gate oxide after lithography rework

In order to improve the semiconductor device performance, decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) process was used to form the ultra-thin gate oxide film. But we recently found serious residue defect on gate oxide film if we did lithography rework with chemical method. This defect was like a circular-pattern about several-micron in diameter and hard to be removed. The results also showed that the thickness decrease and photoresist (PR) footing phenomenon would become worse after rework. After performing some experiments, we found that the N element doped in the gate oxide film could be one possible origin for this defect. And a model was proposed to explain the generation mechanism of this residue defect based on above analysis. Finally, an optimized lithography rework method was used to avoid the generation of the defect successfully.
Geographically weighted principal components analysis

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique in the social and physical sciences. However in spatial applications, standard PCA is frequently applied without any adaptation that accounts for important spatial effects. Such a naive application can be problematic as such effects often provide a more complete understanding of a given process. In this respect, standard PCA can be (a) replaced with a geographically weighted PCA (GWPCA), when we want to account for a certain spatial heterogeneity; (b) adapted to account for spatial autocorrelation in the spatial process; or (c) adapted with a specification that represents a mixture of both (a) and (b). In this article, we focus on implementation issues concerning the calibration, testing, interpretation and visualisation of the location-specific principal components from GWPCA. Here we initially consider the basics of (global) principal components, then consider the development of a locally weighted PCA (for the exploration of local subsets in attribute-space) and finally GWPCA. As an illustration of the use of GWPCA (with respect to the implementation issues we investigate), we apply this technique to a study of social structure in Greater Dublin, Ireland.
Nordic 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Bolus Schedule Combined with Oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) as First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

This study combined oxaliplatin with the Nordic bolus schedule of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven patients were treated every second week with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2as a 2-h infusion on day 1, followed by a 3-min bolus injection with 5-FU 500 mg/m2and 30 min later a bolus injection with FA 60 mg/m2given on days 1 and 2. Seventeen patients achieved a complete (n=2) or partial (n=15) response, leading to a confirmed response rate of 63% (95% CI 45–81%). The estimated median times to progression and survival were 8.9 and 18.7 months, respectively. Neutropenia grade 3–4 toxicity was seen in 63% of patients, neuropathy grade 3 in one patient and grade 2 in 12 patients. Oxaliplatin combined with the bolus Nordic schedule of 5-FU/FA (Nordic FLOX) appears to be well tolerated, effective and feasible as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer yielding results comparable with those obtained by more complex schedules.
Using cavity ringdown spectroscopy for continuous monitoring of δ13C(CO2) and ƒCO2 in the surface ocean

The role of the global surface ocean as a source and sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and the flux strengths between the ocean and the atmosphere can be quantified by measuring the fugacity of CO2 (ƒCO2) as well as the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and its isotopic composition in surface seawater. In this work, the potential of continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw‐CRDS) for autonomous underway measurements of ƒCO2 and the stable carbon isotope ratio of DIC [δ13C(DIC)] is explored. For the first time, by using a conventional air‐sea equilibrator setup, both quantities were continuously and simultaneously recorded during a field deployment on two research cruises following meridional transects across the Atlantic Ocean (Bremerhaven, Germany—Punta Arenas, Chile). Data are compared against reference measurements by an established underway CO2 monitoring system and isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of individual water samples. Agreement within ΔƒCO2 = 0.35 µatm for atmospheric and ΔƒCO2 = 2.5 µatm and Δδ13C(DIC) = 0.33‰ for seawater measurements have been achieved. Whereas “calibration‐free” ƒCO2 monitoring is feasible, the measurement of accurate isotope ratios relies on running reference standards on a daily basis. Overall, the installed CRDS/equilibrator system was shown to be capable of reliable online monitoring of ƒCO2, equilibrium δ13C(CO2), δ13C(DIC), and pO2 aboard moving research vessels, thus making possible corresponding measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution.