Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Tutoring in a Sport Setting: Are There Any Benefits for Tutors?

This study examined the potential benefits of a peer tutoring program for tutors in a physical learning setting. Gender differences were also explored. Thirty-two college-age males and females identified as novices in a French boxing task were assigned in a 2 × 2, Gender × Training Type: Physical Practice (PP) versus Physical Practice associated with Peer Tutoring (PT) factorial design. All the participants were given six 2-hr French boxing lessons. The PT program included 6 min of peer coaching per lesson. Results indicated that the PT program entailed higher scores in boxing performance form, selfefficacy, interest-enjoyment, and personally controllable causal attributions and lower scores in tension-pressure. Males reported more certain expectancies and displayed higher performance outcomes than did females. Results are discussed in relation to the educational psychology literature.
Assessing Disfluencies in School-Age Children Who Stutter

The question of what size speech sample is sufficient to accurately identify stuttering and its myriad characteristics is a valid one. Short samples have a risk of over- or underrepresenting disfluency types or characteristics. In recent years, there has been a trend toward using shorter samples because they are less time-consuming for school-based speech-language pathologists. However, it is questionable whether shorter samples are adequate to properly diagnose and evaluate stuttering. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a systematic examination of the effect of speech sample size on the frequency and type of disfluency in the school-age population. The participants included 30 school-aged children who stutter, ranging in age from 7 to 12 years. Results indicated that there was not a significant change in stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) or length of disfluent events as the size of the speech sample increased.
A new design flow and testability measure for the generation of a structural test and BIST for analogue and mixed-signal circuits

For the generation of defect-oriented tests, a system is developed that includes the synthesis of self-test structures. With the objective of generating a highly efficient analogue test, the fault simulation methods are greatly enhanced: (1) a new testability measure, (2) the possibility of distinguishing between not-to-detect and hard-to-detect faults with respect to the tolerances of the respective measurement system. By presenting a new design flow and using the fault simulation in a very early design stage, a tool-suite is developed. It allows one to control the defect-robust layout and to eliminate those faults that limit the efficiency of a measurement system. This allows for economic self-test applications. It is demonstrated that the system finds the most efficient and less expense test for a given fault set. With the presented results it is possible to include the defect-oriented approach from the fault simulation to the automatic generation of layout rules and the test synthesis in an industrial design flow.
System dynamics model for structure configuration of transportation corridor

In order to integrate transportation resources, increase the efficiency of capital use and promote regional economic development, this paper optimizes the structure configuration of transportation corridors by means of system dynamics model. Based on the analysis to the structure evolution mechanism of transportation corridor, the system dynamics model, together with the causal diagram, was developed. The system dynamics model is composed of four subsystems, namely the social-economic subsystem, the demand subsystem, the supply subsystem and the investment subsystem. The supply/demand ratio was defined and it was found the most essential factor that drives the structure evolution of transportation corridors. The system dynamics model was tested by taking the coastal transportation corridor in Jiangsu Province as an example case. The GDP and total employed population were chosen as measure to compare with historical data. The error, ranging from 0.7% to 4.6%, indicates that the system dynamics model is qualified for the optimization of structure configuration of transportation corridors.
Religious capital in relation to teachers’ views of RE. A comparative study in the Greek educational context

In this article, we attempt to conduct a comparative study of two different groups. The first group consists of Greek student teachers (1009) while the second comprises Greek in-service teachers (432) of primary education, namely current teachers with several years of experience. These teachers do not have training in theological studies, but they do have some knowledge of religious education (RE; With the term RE, we refer to the ‘subject of RE’ and not an everyday lesson of RE. In Greece, there is a debate on the teaching methodology of the course, i.e. utilising catechistic manners of teaching or teaching Christianity and different religions under historical/cultural criteria) after attending the Greek pedagogical faculties and receiving other forms of special training in the teaching of RE, especially the teaching of different religions from a historical/cultural point of view. Our aim in this paper is to offer a better understanding of how teachers aim to reproduce and change religious capital and examine if religious capital is tailored to the needs of schools or whether it operates independently. The paper will also examine how teachers themselves assess the effectiveness of their practices when teaching RE.
Distributed decision through self-synchronizing sensor networks in the presence of propagation delays and nonreciprocal channels

In this paper we propose and analyze a distributed algorithm for achieving globally optimal decisions, either estimation or detection, through a self-synchronization mechanism among linearly coupled integrators initialized with local measurements. We model the interaction among the nodes as a directed graph with weights dependent on the radio interface and we pose special attention to the effect of the propagation delays occurring in the exchange of data among sensors, as a function of the network geometry. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the proposed system to reach a consensus on globally optimal decision statistics. One of the major results proved in this work is that a consensus is achieved for any bounded delay condition if and only if the directed graph is quasi-strongly connected. We also provide a closed form expression for the global consensus, showing that the effect of delays is, in general, to introduce a bias in the final decision. The closed form expression is also useful to modify the consensus mechanism in order to get rid of the bias with minimum extra complexity.
Later Maturation of the Beneficial Than the Detrimental Effect of Selective Memory Retrieval

In adults, selective memory retrieval can both impair and improve recall of other memories. The study reported here examined whether children also show these two faces of memory retrieval. Employing a variant of the directed-forgetting task, we asked second, fourth, and seventh graders to study a list of target and nontarget words. After study, the participants received a cue to either forget or continue remembering the list. We subsequently asked some participants to recall the nontarget words before we tested their memory for the target words; for the remaining participants, we tested memory only for the target words. Prior retrieval of nontarget words impaired retrieval of to-be-remembered target words, regardless of children’s age. In contrast, prior retrieval of nontarget words improved recall of to-be-forgotten target words in seventh graders, though not in fourth and second graders. These results suggest a developmental dissociation between the two faces of memory retrieval and indicate later maturation of the beneficial effect than of the detrimental effect of selective memory retrieval.
From past to present: how memories of school shape parental views of children's schooling

Internationally, there is growing interest in children's transition to school and their readiness for formal education. Parents' memories of school offer important insights into children's preparation for school and how families view schools; however, few studies consider the influence of educational histories. To address this gap, a sample of 24 parents (16 mothers, 8 fathers) from lower income backgrounds were recruited to discuss the process of preparing their child for kindergarten and their recollections of school. During semi-structured interviews, parents shared their recollections of school and identified links between their memories and their current thoughts and behaviours as they prepared their child for school. Based on a thematic analysis of interview transcripts, three types of memories emerged as the most robust and meaningful in preparing for children's school entrance: (1) the influence of school transitions, (2) the social side of schooling and (3) special education labels. Experiences parents recall from their many years of first-hand exposure to school settings appear to impact the way they prepare children for school and their relationship with the school community. Suggestions are offered for school personnel and future research in this area.
Incompatible Goals: Narratives of Graduate Women in the Mathematics Pipeline

Despite 2 decades of research and attention directed at enhancing their participation, the number of women earning a PhD in science and mathematics remains low. This article presents the results of an interpretive study of the educational and career paths of female students who have successfully completed a bachelor’s or master’s degree in mathematics and have chosen to leave the mathematics/science pipeline to research scientist in order to pursue a doctorate in education. The women’s narratives portray the difference between their views of themselves and the nature of their chosen discipline. The emergent themes are examined against the conceptual framework of women’s participation in the mathematics/science pipeline and women and their relationship to mathematics.
The Indian Call Center Experience

This study examines the processes by which workers in a particular Indian call center located in Kolkata expanded on, negotiated, and chose among an array of possible, especially new, identities and identifications and the ways that these choices affected changing social discourses. Our case study depicted a workplace that was simultaneously casual and urgent, temporal and spatially free and constrained, situated in both Indian and U.S. cultures, and oriented toward business and night-club ambiances. Within this particular workplace, call center employees (re)constructed and negotiated among an array of discourses that bracketed opportunities for particular identities and identifications. Through these negotiation processes, they (a) engaged in strategic identity(ies) invocations and (b) reframed work, career, and family discourses and practices.
Human factors in the digital world enhancing life style-the challenge for emerging technologies

Life at the beginning of the 21st century is characterized by the ever-increasing pace of technological development and the associated changes in patterns of communication, work and leisure. This paper comments on some of the benefits and limitations of current technology, the potential of emerging technologies to deliver enhanced quality of life for all on a global basis, and the role of human factors in enabling such a vision to become a reality. The author presents an integrative framework for the human factors (HF) domain. In this framework the key HF inputs to be made at each stage of the innovation design life cycle are identified, as well as the crucial enabling processes associated with change management necessary for HF to have a significant impact. Combined together, these elements constitute a human factors strategy. The author suggests that such strategies have a powerful capability to harness information and communications technologies and to ensure the delivery of wide-ranging benefits.
Socioeconomic Class Bias in Turnout, 1964–1988: The Voters Remain the Same

We address the question of whether class bias in the American electorate has increased since 1964. We analyze the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey and the National Election Studies for seven consecutive presidential elections, 1964–88. Our results show that conclusions regarding changes in class bias are sensitive to which measure of socioeconomic class is used—income, education, or occupation. We argue that income is the appropriate measure since government policies that discriminate based on socioeconomic class are most likely to do so based on income and there are measurement problems associated with using either education or occupation over time. Our analysis shows that there has been almost no change in class bias in the electorate since 1964.
A backoff differentiation scheme for contention resolution in wireless converge‐cast networks

Wireless converge‐cast networks (WCNs), such as data collection‐based wireless sensor networks, exhibit certain phenomena called funneling effect, where the region close to the sink node is heavily overloaded. In this paper, we identify that the funneling effect occurs not only close to the sink but also within the network region where nodes have collision and induce heavy traffic to relay; we name it hot‐spot funneling effect. This paper aims to improve the throughput and fairness of WCNs by mitigating the micro funneling effect. We propose a new mechanism, the backoff differentiation for contention resolution (BDCR), which is targeted to a system‐wide high throughput on the basis of the contention resolution mechanism. To achieve high spatial reuses, BDCR divides the network into several regions and does backoff differentiation within each region. Within each backoff differentiation region, the backoff window range is adjusted according to the traffic rate, and at the same time, the backoff values are set with the awareness of the traffic intensity level. All regions share the same algorithm, which uses Kelly's rate control theory and method to allow each sensor to locally adjust its backoff value. One of the key advantages of BDCR is that it is extremely easy to implement. With extensive simulations and testbed experiments, BDCR is proved to achieve much higher throughput over the traditional carrier sense multiple access and some recent media access control protocols in literature, particularly when the network suffers intensive congestions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sibling similarities and social stratification. The impact of family background across countries and cohorts

The family of origin is an important factor influencing someone's educational and occupational attainment. Sociologists have shown over and over again that children of higher status backgrounds reach higher levels of schooling and higher occupational positions. So far, these researchers have focused on relatively easily measurable indicators of parents' socio-economic position to represent the impact of the family. However, total family impact is much larger and also includes other aspects of family socialization, parental resources, genetic inheritance, and reciprocal sibling influences. In this thesis, total family impact on educational and occupational attainment is assessed by using data on more than one child in a family. Employing such a sibling analysis makes it possible to estimate the variability in total family impact across countries and cohorts. Context characteristics like the level of modernization in a society and its political system are used to explain this variability. In addition, the author employs sibling analysis to assess the unbiased effect of educational attainment on occupational status and on social orientations. Since someone's education, occupation, and orientations are influenced by family background, it is necessary to control for these family influences as completely as possible. By controlling for total family impact, the pure effect of schooling can be obtained. It turns out that the effect of educational attainment on social orientation is much smaller than is generally acknowledged
Psychology in Developing Countries: Reassessing its Impact

The last global review of the role of psychology in developing countries was edited by Sinha and Holtzman in 1984. This paper evaluates journal publications appearing in the Psychlit database in the decadefollowing Sinha and Holtzman's review, focusing on studies which contain scientific evidence of practical out come. There are three categories of such research, namely, social/organisational, health/welfare, and educational/developmental, with clear evidence of reliability, validity, and utility in each category, but largely in health and welfare. Despite this relative imbalance however; there are signs of what Sinha has defined as true indigenisation, namely, progressing beyond assimilation of, and anti-conformity against, the so-called "mainstream ", towards a more pluralistic search for a psy chology that works.
Development of Oriented Ocular Dominance Bands as a Consequence of Areal Geometry

It has been hypothesized that the different appearance of ocular dominance bands in the cat and the monkey is a consequence of the different mapping geometries in these species (LeVay et al. 1985; Anderson et al. 1988). Here I investigate the impact of areal geometries on the preferred direction of ocular dominance bands in two adaptive map formation models, the self-organizing feature map and the elastic net algorithm. In the case of the self-organizing feature map, the occurrence of instabilities that correspond to ocular dominance bands can be analytically investigated. The instabilities automatically yield stripes of correct orientation. These analytic results are complemented by simulations. In the case of the elastic net algorithm, simulations reveal two different parameter regimes of the algorithm, only one of which leads to stripes of correct orientation. The results suggest that neighborhood preservation in visual maps is enforced in the backward direction, such that neighboring cells in the cortex have neighboring receptive fields, and not vice versa.
Multivariate Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Time-Series Analysis

Existing time-series models that are used for short-term traffic condition forecasting are mostly univariate in nature. Generally, the extension of existing univariate time-series models to a multivariate regime involves huge computational complexities. A different class of time-series models called structural time-series model (STM) (in its multivariate form) has been introduced in this paper to develop a parsimonious and computationally simple multivariate short-term traffic condition forecasting algorithm. The different components of a time-series data set such as trend, seasonal, cyclical, and calendar variations can separately be modeled in STM methodology. A case study at the Dublin, Ireland, city center with serious traffic congestion is performed to illustrate the forecasting strategy. The results indicate that the proposed forecasting algorithm is an effective approach in predicting real-time traffic flow at multiple junctions within an urban transport network.
Unified Mathematical Framework for Slicing and Symmetry Reduction over Event Structures

Nonclassical slicing and symmetry reduction can act as efficient structural abstract methods for pruning state space when dealing with verification problems. In this paper, we mainly address theoretical and algorithmic aspects for nonclassical slicing and symmetry reduction over prime event structures. We propose sliced and symmetric quotient reduction models of event structures and present their corresponding algorithms. To construct the underlying foundation of the proposed methodologies, we introduce strong and weak conflict concepts and a pair of mutually inverse operators and extend permutation group based symmetry notion of event structures. We have established a unified mathematical framework for slicing and symmetry reduction, and further investigated the translation, isomorphism, and equivalence relationship and other related basic facts from a theoretical point of view. The framework may provide useful guidance and theoretical exploration for overcoming verification challenges. This paper also demonstrates their practical applications by two cases.
Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2.

BACKGROUND Somatic mutations in the Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2) occur in many myeloproliferative neoplasms, but the molecular pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2 is obscure, and the diagnosis of these neoplasms remains a challenge. METHODS We performed exome sequencing of samples obtained from 151 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. The mutation status of the gene encoding calreticulin (CALR) was assessed in an additional 1345 hematologic cancers, 1517 other cancers, and 550 controls. We established phylogenetic trees using hematopoietic colonies. We assessed calreticulin subcellular localization using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified 1498 mutations in 151 patients, with medians of 6.5, 6.5, and 13.0 mutations per patient in samples of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis, respectively. Somatic CALR mutations were found in 70 to 84% of samples of myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2, in 8% of myelodysplasia samples, in occasional samples of other myeloid cancers, and in none of the other cancers. A total of 148 CALR mutations were identified with 19 distinct variants. Mutations were located in exon 9 and generated a +1 base-pair frameshift, which would result in a mutant protein with a novel C-terminal. Mutant calreticulin was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum without increased cell-surface or Golgi accumulation. Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms carrying CALR mutations presented with higher platelet counts and lower hemoglobin levels than patients with mutated JAK2. Mutation of CALR was detected in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Clonal analyses showed CALR mutations in the earliest phylogenetic node, a finding consistent with its role as an initiating mutation in some patients. CONCLUSIONS Somatic mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone CALR were found in a majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2. (Funded by the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund and others.).