Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PET of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in the microgliosis of Alzheimer's disease.

UNLABELLED Animal and human autoradiographic studies have shown increased in vitro binding of the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site antagonist PK 11195 in areas of microgliosis, including the temporal association cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To further elucidate the role of cellular inflammation and microgliosis in Alzheimer's disease during life, we used PET and [11C]PK 11195, a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand known to bind avidly to microglia. METHODS Eight patients with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease underwent PET of the brain using [11C]PK 11195 and, for comparison, with [18F]FDG to determine cerebral glucose metabolism. Uptake of [11C]PK 11195 in various brain regions was expressed relative to that in the cerebellum and compared to values determined in one normal elderly subject and in clinically and anatomically unaffected hemispheres of seven patients with small unilateral gliomas. RESULTS No increases in peripheral benzodiazepine binding were identified in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, and binding was lowest in regions that were most hypometabolic. CONCLUSION The peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites associated with microgliosis and cellular inflammation in Alzheimer's disease at postmortem are undetectable by PET using [11C]PK 11195 in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia.
The use of nanoarrays for highly sensitive and selective detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in plasma

Arrays of antibodies with well-defined feature size and spacing are necessary for developing highly sensitive and selective immunoassays to detect macromolecules in complex solutions. Here we report the application of nanometer-scale antibody array-based analysis to determine the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in blood samples. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) was used to generate nanoscale patterns of antibodies against the HIV-1 p24 antigen on a gold surface. Feature sizes were less than 100-nanometers, and the activity of the antibody was preserved. HIV-1 p24 antigen in plasma obtained directly from HIV-1-infected patients was hybridized to the antibody array in situ, and the bound protein was hybridized to a gold antibody-functionalized nanoparticle probe for signal enhancement. The nanoarray features in the three-component sandwich assay were confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Demonstration of measurable amounts of HIV-1 p24 antigen in plasma obtained from men with .
Object tracking based on integrating the Genetic algorithm with complex method

Traditional Genetic algorithm in target tracking process,is quite effective in the global scope to search target position.However, once the background color and light intensity change.To monitor the state of the target depth movement is often difficult to locate the target accurately. However, complex method can make up for the lack of Genetic algorithms. In view of those, this paper integrates Complex method with traditional Genetic algorithms, uses the center coordinates of the candidate target and scaling coefficient to adjust the focus size as a parameter encoding, and takes the similarity between the target area and the target template as a fitness function,then searches the object in the overall and local scope in turn.The experiments show that the fusion algorithm can achieve accurate tracking of the position and the size of the target.
Life‐threatening infantile haemangioma: a dramatic response to propranolol

tion therapy was increased (41.7% fi 85.7%). Furthermore, survival rate was increased after melanoma multidisciplinary clinic, although there was no statistical meaning (Fig. 1b). In conclusion, cutaneous melanoma showed similar features with other reports in Asians, and we could observe some changes, perhaps reflecting recent westernization of the Korean life style. Centralized, coordinated, multidisciplinary program can provide more proper and diverse care to melanoma patients.
The Expressive Power Of

The bounded-iteration construct foreach x in Rjp do t od is very commonly used in database programming, due to the fact that database programs are dominated by data retrieval and manipulation tasks rather than by complex computations. Hence in database programming language design, it is important to understand the expressive power of the bounded-iteration construct and its relationship with other language constructs. We study the bounded-iteration construct within the context of a simple database programming language called the iterative transaction language. The language is shown to have NPTIME expressive power, and the deterministic subclass of it has PTIME expressive power, without any extra machineries or restrictions. We show that the bounded-iteration construct is essential for achieving this expressiveness, by characterizing its relationship with other constructs in the language. We also identify another natural subclass of iterative transactions called rst-order transactions with exactly rst-order expressive power. The complexity of rst-order transactions in terms of nested iterations and intermediate states is connected further to the complexity of rst-order updates in terms of quantiication depth.
Detecting Visuo-Haptic Mismatches in Virtual Reality using the Prediction Error Negativity of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Designing immersion is the key challenge in virtual reality; this challenge has driven advancements in displays, rendering and recently, haptics. To increase our sense of physical immersion, for instance, vibrotactile gloves render the sense of touching, while electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) renders forces. Unfortunately, the established metric to assess the effectiveness of haptic devices relies on the user's subjective interpretation of unspecific, yet standardized, questions. Here, we explore a new approach to detect a conflict in visuo-haptic integration (e.g., inadequate haptic feedback based on poorly configured collision detection) using electroencephalography (EEG). We propose analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) during interaction with virtual objects. In our study, participants touched virtual objects in three conditions and received either no haptic feedback, vibration, or vibration and EMS feedback. To provoke a brain response in unrealistic VR interaction, we also presented the feedback prematurely in 25% of the trials. We found that the early negativity component of the ERP (so called prediction error) was more pronounced in the mismatch trials, indicating we successfully detected haptic conflicts using our technique. Our results are a first step towards using ERPs to automatically detect visuo-haptic mismatches in VR, such as those that can cause a loss of the user's immersion.
Measuring slow vital capacity to detect airflow limitation in a woman with dyspnea and a preserved FEV1/FVC ratio

A 42-year-old woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 51.2 kg/m2 was referred to the respiratory clinic for investigation of progressive breathlessness which had worsened in the past 5 years—her score on the modified Medical Research Council scale at presentation was 3 (i.e., she reported having to stop for breath after walking for only a few minutes). She was a never smoker, and her dyspnea had been mainly attributed to obesity.
Winbook: A social networking based framework for collaborative requirements elicitation and WinWin negotiations

Easy-to-use groupware for diverse stakeholder negotiation has been a continuing challenge [7, 8, 9]. USC's fifth-generation wiki-based win-win negotiation support tool [1] was not as successful in improving over the previous four generations [2] as hoped - it encountered problems with non-technical stakeholder usage. The popularity of Facebook and Gmail ushered in a new era of widely-used social networking capabilities that I have been using to develop and experiment with a new way for collaborative requirements elicitation and management - marrying the way people collaborate on Facebook and organize their emails on Gmail to come up with a social networking-like platform to help achieve better usage of the WinWin negotiation framework [4]. Initial usage results on 14 small projects involving non-technical stakeholders have shown profound implications on the way requirements are negotiated and used, through the system and software definition and development processes. Subsequently, Winbook has also been adopted as a part of a project to bridge requirements and architecting for a major US government organization.
Estimation of the invariant and variant characteristics in speech articulation and its application to speaker identification

Speech articulation varies across speakers for producing a speech sound due to the differences in their vocal tract morphologies, though the speech motor actions are executed in terms of relatively invariant gestures [1]. While the invariant articulatory gestures are driven by the linguistic content of the spoken utterance, the component of speech articulation that varies across speakers reflects speaker-specific and other paralinguistic information. In this work, we present a formulation to decompose the speech articulation from multiple speakers into the variant and invariant aspects when they speak the same sentence. The variant component is found to be a better representation for discriminating speakers compared to the speech articulation which includes the invariant part. Experiments with real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) videos of speech production from multiple speakers reveal that the variant component of speech articulation yields a better frame-level speaker identification accuracy compared to the speech articulation as well as acoustic features by 29.9% and 9.4% (absolute) respectively.
Analysis and Calibration of Sources of Electronic Error in PSD Sensor Response

In order to obtain very precise measurements of the position of agents located at a considerable distance using a sensor system based on position sensitive detectors (PSD), it is necessary to analyze and mitigate the factors that generate substantial errors in the system’s response. These sources of error can be divided into electronic and geometric factors. The former stem from the nature and construction of the PSD as well as the performance, tolerances and electronic response of the system, while the latter are related to the sensor’s optical system. Here, we focus solely on the electrical effects, since the study, analysis and correction of these are a prerequisite for subsequently addressing geometric errors. A simple calibration method is proposed, which considers PSD response, component tolerances, temperature variations, signal frequency used, signal to noise ratio (SNR), suboptimal operational amplifier parameters, and analog to digital converter (ADC) quantitation SNRQ, etc. Following an analysis of these effects and calibration of the sensor, it was possible to correct the errors, thus rendering the effects negligible, as reported in the results section.
CD4+ cells, macrophages, MHC-I and C5b-9 involve the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy.

OBJECTIVE Dysferlin is a sarcolemmal protein that plays an important role in membrane repair by regulating vesicle fusion with the sarcolemma. Mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) lead to multiple clinical phenotypes, including Miyoshi myopathy (MM), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD 2B), and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset (DMAT). Patients with dysferlinopathy also show muscle inflammation, which often leads to a misdiagnosis as inflammatory myopathy. In this study, we examined and analyzed the dyferlinopathy-associated immunological features. METHODS Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory cell infiltration, and muscle expression of MHC-I and C5b-9 was performed using muscle biopsy samples from 14 patients with dysferlinopathy, 7 patients with polymyositis, and 8 patients with either Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for immune response-related CD4+ cells, macrophages, MHC-I and C5b-9 in dysferlinopathy, which is in a different mode of polymyositis and DMD/BMD. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy.
Efficient Variants of the Backward-Oracle-Matching Algorithm

In this article we present two efficient variants of the BOM string matching algorithm which are more efficient and flexible than the original algorithm. We also present bitparallel versions of them obtaining an efficient variant of the BNDM algorithm. Then we compare the newly presented algorithms with some of the most recent and effective string matching algorithms. It turns out that the new proposed variants are very flexible and achieve very good results, especially in the case of large alphabets.
Data Flow Analysis on Android Platform with Fragment Lifecycle Modeling and Callbacks

Smartphones carry a large quantity of sensitive information to satisfy people’s various requirements, but the way of using information is important to keep the security of users’ privacy. There are two kinds of misuses of sensitive information for apps. On the one hand, careless programmers may leak the data by accident. On the other hand, the attackers develop malware to collect sensitive data intentionally. Many researchers apply data ﬂow analysis to detect data leakages of an app. However, data ﬂow analysis on Android platform is quite di ﬀ erent from the programs on desktop. Many researchers have solved some problems of data ﬂow analysis on Android platform, like Activity lifecycle, callback methods, inter-component communication. We ﬁnd that Fragment’s lifecycle also has an e ﬀ ect on the data ﬂow analysis of Android apps. Some data will be leaked if we don’t take Fragment’s lifecycle into consideration when performing data ﬂow analysis in Android apps. So in this paper, we propose an approach to model Fragment’s lifecycle and its relationship with Activity’s lifecycle, then introduce a tool called FragDroid based on FlowDroid [7]. We conduct some experiments to evaluate the e ﬀ ectiveness of our tool and the results show that there are 8% of apps in our data set using Fragment. In particular, for popular apps, the result is 50.8%. We also evaluate the performance of using FragDroid to analyze Android apps, the result shows the average overhead is 17%.
Teaching physical collaborative tasks: object-lifting case study with a humanoid

This paper presents the application of a statistical framework that allows to endow a humanoid robot with the ability to perform a collaborative manipulation task with a human operator. We investigate to what extent the dynamics of the motion and the haptic communication process that takes place during physical collaborative tasks can be encapsulated by the probabilistic model. This framework encodes the dataset in a Gaussian Mixture Model, which components represent the local correlations across the variables that characterize the task. A set of demonstrations is performed using a bilateral coupling teleoperation setup; then the statistical model is trained in a pure follower/leader role distribution mode between the human and robot alternatively. The task is reproduced using Gaussian Mixture Regression. We present the probabilistic model and the experimental results obtained on the humanoid platform HRP-2; preliminary results assess our theory on switching behavior modes in dyad collaborative tasks: when reproduced with users which were not instructed to behave in either a follower or a leader mode, the robot switched automatically between the learned leader and follower behaviors.
The multicellular morphotypes of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli produce cellulose as the second component of the extracellular matrix

Production of cellulose has been thought to be restricted to a few bacterial species such as the model organism Acetobacter xylinus. We show by enzymatic analysis and mass spectrometry that, besides thin aggregative fimbriae, the second component of the extracellular matrix of the multicellular morphotype (rdar) of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli is cellulose. The bcsA, bcsB, bcsZ and bcsC genes responsible for cellulose biosynthesis are not regulated by AgfD, the positive transcriptional regulator of the rdar morphotype. Transcription of the bcs genes was not co‐expressed with the rdar morphotype under any of the environmental conditions examined. However, cellulose biosynthesis was turned on by the sole expression of adrA, a gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein regulated by agfD, indicating a novel pathway for the activation of cellulose synthesis. The co‐expression of cellulose and thin aggregative fimbriae leads to the formation of a highly hydrophobic network with tightly packed cells aligned in parallel in a rigid matrix. As the production of cellulose would now appear to be a property widely distributed among bacteria, the function of the cellulose polymer in bacteria will have to be considered in a new light.
Migrating sockets—end system support for networking with quality of service guarantees

We present an end system architecture designed to support networking with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The protocol processing component of the architecture, called migrating sockets, has been designed with minimal hidden scheduling which enables accurate determination of the rate requirement of a user application. The end system provides QoS guarantees using: 1) an adaptive rate-controlled scheduler; 2) rate-based flow control on the send side for access to reserved-rate network connections; and 3) a constant overhead active demultiplexing mechanism on the receive side which can be transparently enabled in wide-area TCP/IP internetworking (although it is not restricted to TCP/IP). To achieve efficiency, migrating sockets lets user applications manage network endpoints with minimal system intervention, provides user level protocols read-only access to routing information, and integrates kernel level support previously built for efficient data movement. Migrating sockets is backward compatible with Unix semantics and Berkeley sockets. It has been used to implement Internet protocols such as TCP, UDP, and IP (including IP multicast), and run existing applications such as vic. Migrating sockets has been implemented in Solaris 2.5. 1. We discuss our implementation experience, and present performance results of our system running on Sun Sparc and Ultra workstations, as well as Pentium-II desktops.
An efficient algorithm to calculate BICM capacity

Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is a practical approach for reliable communication over the AWGN channel in the bandwidth limited regime. For a signal point constellation with 2m points, BICM labels the signal points with bit strings of length m and then treats these m bits separately both at the transmitter and the receiver. BICM capacity is defined as the maximum of a certain achievable rate. Maximization has to be done over the probability mass functions (pmf) of the bits. This is a non-convex optimization problem. So far, the optimal bit pmfs were determined via exhaustive search, which is of exponential complexity in m. In this work, an algorithm called bit-alternating convex concave method (Bacm) is developed. This algorithm calculates BICM capacity with a complexity that scales approximately as m3. The algorithm iteratively applies convex optimization techniques. Bacm is used to calculate BICM capacity of 4,8, 16, 32, and 64-PAM in AWGN. For PAM constellations with more than 8 points, the presented values are the first results known in the literature.
Optical-Mode Demultiplexing by Optical MIMO Filtering of Spatial Samples

An optical spatial-mode demultiplexer is proposed consisting of an optical sampler taking probes from the aperture of the multimode fiber, which are then launched into an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) filter. A theoretical analysis of coupler matrices of three sampler options reveals that samplers can be characterized by a mode-dependent sampling loss and sampling crosstalk arising from a lacking orthogonality of sampling vectors of different modes. The theoretical optimum MIMO allpass filter can be realized by a waveguide structure consisting of cascaded and in parallel operating directional couplers. The multiplexer is scalable to higher mode numbers due to the absence of splitting loss.
Efficient Code Compression for Embedded Processors

Code density is of increasing concern in embedded system design since it reduces the need for the scarce resource memory and also implicitly improves further important design parameters like power consumption and performance. In this paper we introduce a novel, hardware-supported approach. Besides the code, also the lookup tables (LUTs) are compressed, that can become significant in size if the application is large and/or high compression is desired. Our scheme optimizes the number and size of generated LUTs to improve the compression ratio. To show the efficiency of our approach, we apply it to two compression schemes: ldquodictionary-basedrdquo and ldquostatisticalrdquo. We achieve an average compression ratio of 48% (already including the overhead of the LUTs). Thereby, our scheme is orthogonal to approaches that take particularities of a certain instruction set architecture into account. We have conducted evaluations using a representative set of applications and have applied it to three major embedded processor architectures, namely ARM, MIPS, and PowerPC.
How the Effect of Maternal Age on the Risk of Childhood Leukemia Changed over Time in Sweden, 1960–2004

Background Previous studies on the association between maternal age and risk of childhood leukemia found inconsistent results. Objectives We aimed to assess whether there is an association between maternal age and risk of childhood leukemia and whether such an association is modified by maternal year of birth. Methods By linking nationwide Swedish registers, we analyzed leukemia incidence among all children between 1 and 5 years of age born between 1960 and 1999. We estimated incidence time trends by child year of birth (overall and stratified by maternal age) and incidence rate ratios (RRs) for maternal age groups stratified by maternal birth cohort. We tested the interaction between maternal age and child year of birth through the likelihood ratio test between nested Poisson regression models. Results We observed 1,562 leukemia cases. The overall annual percent change (APC) was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51 to 1.49]. Stratifying by maternal age classes, APCs decreased from 1.66 (0.68 to 2.65) for mothers ≤ 24 years to 0.23 (−0.93 to 1.40) for mothers ≥ 35 years at delivery. RRs for children born to the oldest with respect to the youngest mothers were 2.42 (1.31 to 4.67), 1.68 (1.00 to 2.72), 1.34 (0.87 to 2.01), and 0.87 (0.46–1.54) for mothers born in 1930–1934, 1940–1944, 1950–1954, and 1960–1964, respectively. Conclusions Childhood leukemia risk increased with maternal age for mothers born in the past, whereas maternal age had no effect on this risk for mothers born more recently. This finding may explain the inconsistency of previous studies and suggests that leukemia risk may be related to an environmental factor to which women’s exposure has changed over time.