Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor cotherapy in patients taking long-term, low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention.

BACKGROUND Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) require long-term therapy with low-dose aspirin (ASA). Although these patients are at increased risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) cotherapy may reduce such risk, it is not known whether lifelong PPI cotherapy is cost-effective. METHODS A Markov model was developed to compare lifelong therapy with ASA alone vs therapy with ASA plus PPI in patients with CHD who are at least 50 years old. Base-case assumptions were (1) starting age, 65 years (range, 50-80 years); (2) UGIB risk category, average risk (range, average to 8-fold increased risk); (3) PPI effectiveness (66% (range, 25%-75%); and (4) annual PPI cost, $250 (range, $250-$1400). RESULTS In the base-case analysis, ASA plus PPI resulted in fewer lifetime UGIB events (3.1% vs 9.5%) and UGIB-related deaths (0.4% vs 1.4%). At over-the-counter (OTC) PPI cost, ASA plus PPI was cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $40,090 per life-year saved (LYS). Varying PPI effectiveness from 75% to 25% resulted in ICERs of $35,315 to $94,578 per LYS. Varying the starting age of the cohort from 80 to 50 years resulted in ICERs of $16,887 to $79,955 per LYS. At prescription PPI cost, the ICER for average-risk patients was over $100,000 per LYS across all modeled age groups and assumptions of PPI effectiveness, but the ICER for high-risk patients was $10,433 to $51,505 per LYS. CONCLUSIONS At OTC cost, PPI cotherapy is cost-effective in average-risk patients taking low-dose ASA for secondary prevention. At prescription cost, cotherapy is cost-effective for high-risk patients only.
Exploring new sources of diversity in wireless systems

This paper introduces a new signal processing technique for designing transmit data to improve reliability of communications over wireless fading channels when there is a single transmit and multiple receive antennas using space-time convolutional codes. The original space-time convolutional code design was based on combining transmit diversity and coding to obtain reliability over fading channels when there are multiple transmit antennas. In this paper, we demonstrate that by appropriate transmit data design, we can implement space-time convolutional codes when there is only a single transmit and multiple receive antennas. We achieve this objective by transmitting multiple symbols during a symbol period from one transmit antenna. Multiple symbols are transmitted by multiplying each symbol with a random variable and superimposing them on top of each other. Inducing randomness into the channel is equivalent to creating additional paths, called virtual paths. Although these virtual paths are statistically dependent, by optimizing these induced random variables we can achieve block error rate performance improvement close to that of space-time convolutional codes on systems with multiple physical transmit antennas. Simulation results compare the performance of this technique and that of multiple transmit antenna systems with equal number of receive antennas for QPSK signal constellation when 4 and 16 state space-time convolutional code designs are applied.
Assessing the effect, on animal model, of mixture of food additives, on the water balance.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine, on the animal model, the effect of modification of diet composition and administration of selected food additives on water balance in the body. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted with 48 males and 48 females (separately for each sex) of Wistar strain rats divided into four groups. For drinking, the animals from groups I and III were receiving water, whereas the animals from groups II and IV were administered 5 ml of a solution of selected food additives (potassium nitrate - E 252, sodium nitrite - E 250, benzoic acid - E 210, sorbic acid - E 200, and monosodium glutamate - E 621). Doses of the administered food additives were computed taking into account the average intake by men, expressed per body mass unit. Having drunk the solution, the animals were provided water for drinking. RESULTS The mixture of selected food additives applied in the experiment was found to facilitate water retention in the body both in the case of both male and female rats, and differences observed between the volume of ingested fluids and the volume of excreted urine were statistically significant in the animals fed the basal diet. The type of feed mixture provided to the animals affected the site of water retention - in the case of animals receiving the basal diet analyses demonstrated a significant increase in water content in the liver tissue, whereas in the animals fed the modified diet water was observed to accumulate in the vascular bed. CONCLUSION Taking into account the fact of water retention in the vascular bed, the effects of food additives intake may be more adverse in the case of females.
Poly-gate replacement through contact hole (PRETCH): a new method for high-k/metal gate and multi-oxide implementation on chip

We report on a new concept for an easy co-integration, on a same chip, of different MOSFET configurations (GP, LP, HS, buffer transistors) realized after the end of the standard FE process. This poly-gate replacement through contact hole (PRETCH) concept enables replacement of initial poly-silicon gate and/or gate oxide by any gate stack desired. PRETCH addresses multi-Vt control, multi-oxide realization and metal gate integration challenges. As PRETCH gate replacement takes place after PMD (beginning of BE), it is perfectly suitable for high-K integration, allowing low thermal budget (no source and drain anneal seen by HK) and no particular contamination issues. Large potential of PRETCH integration is confirmed by promising morphological results and by very good electrical characteristics of both nMOS and pMOS TiN 90nm gate length MOSFETs. Integration of TiN gate with three different oxide configurations is demonstrated: initial thermal oxide left, replaced by either slot plane antenna [SPA] oxide or high-K. PRETCH concept has also been validated on 3D architectures such as DG. Finally, functional TiN DG inverters and SRAMs are demonstrated.
Deep-learning the Ropes: Modeling Idiomaticity with Neural Networks

English. In this work we explore the possibility of training a neural network to classify and rank idiomatic expressions under constraints of data scarcity. We discuss our results comparing them both to other unsupervised models designed to perform idiom detection and to similar supervised classifiers trained to detect metaphoric bigrams. Italiano. In questo lavoro esploriamo la possibilità di addestrare una rete neurale per classificare ed ordinare espressioni idiomatiche in condizioni di scarsità di dati. I nostri risultati sono discussi in comparazione sia con altri algoritmi non supervisionati ideati per l’identificazione di espressioni idiomatiche sia con classificatori supervisionati dello stesso tipo addestrati per identificare bigrammi metaforici.
Fast and accurate relocalization for keyframe-based SLAM using geometric model selection

In this paper, we propose a relocalization method for keyframe-based SLAM that enables real-time and accurate recovery from tracking failures. To realize an AR-based application in a real world situation, not only accurate camera tracking but also fast and accurate relocalization from tracking failure is required. The previous keyframe-based relocalization methods have some drawbacks with regard to speed and accuracy. The proposed relocalization method selects two algorithms adaptively depending on the relative camera pose between a current frame and a target keyframe. In addition, it estimates a degree of false matches to speed up RANSAC-based model estimation. We present effectiveness of our method by an evaluation using public tracking dataset.
Spirit Possession and Popular Religion: From the Camisards to the Shakers

"The description is outstanding. Nowhere else can one find such a succinct and eminently readable account that places Shakerism in its broadest context. Garrett makes character and personality come alive throughout the book, from the Prophets' strange gyrations to Mother Ann Lee's drinking problem. "--Journal of American History"The most successful study yet written of transatlantic spiritual enthusiasm in the century of the Enlightenment. "--Jon Butler, Yale UniversityPietists, Methodists, and sectarian groups such as the Shakers all shared the conviction that God touched the individual directly and visibly; manifestations of spirit possession, accompanied by prophecy, visions, and ecstatic seizures, became outward signs of an inner expedience, a kind of sacred theater as believers acted out their possession before others. Clarke Garrett follows this "sacred theater"back to the Camisards of southeastern France, an ecstatic Protestant group whose doomed rebellion against Louis XIV led to their dispersal among Huguenot exiles. Then, Garrett writes, "in a form that the Huguenots themselves would probably not have recognized, a dozen English ecstatics, who in their native Manchester had been known as Shakers, brought Huguenot spirit possession to America in 1774. "The Shakers emerge as the culmination of the century's religious quest, preserving the immediacy of spirit possession while making it the basis for the formation of an ideal Christian community. "[Unravels] the subtle links among such apparently divergent manifestations of popular religion as that of the Camisards and French Prophets of the seventeenth century, German pietism, the early Methodists in England, the revivalsof the Great Awakening, the Amana community, and the Shakers. Garrett's study deserves the attention of all who would understand the history and nature of ecstatic experience and its continuing presence in Western religion. "--Church History"Shaker buffs will not find this study very comforting, but serious students of Shakerism and historians interested in other communal societies stand in Garrett's debt for his excellent contribution to the field, for his determination to address a range of important but difficult interpretive issues, and for his willingness to employ a critical approach to texts too long handled uncritically. "--American Historical Review"A carefully researched, methodologically sophisticated, and lucidly written work. "--Catholic Historical ReviewOriginally published as Spirit Possession and Popular Religion: From the Comisards to the Shakers
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE AFTERGLOW, SUPERNOVA, AND HOST GALAXY ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXTREMELY BRIGHT GRB 130427A

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the exceptionally bright and luminous Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 130427A. At z = 0.34, this burst affords an excellent opportunity to study the supernova (SN) and host galaxy associated with an intrinsically extremely luminous burst (Eiso > 1054 erg): more luminous than any previous GRB with a spectroscopically associated SN. We use the combination of the image quality, UV capability, and invariant point-spread function of HST to provide the best possible separation of the afterglow, host, and SN contributions to the observed light ∼17 rest-frame days after the burst, utilizing a host subtraction spectrum obtained one year later. Advanced Camera for Surveys grism observations show that the associated SN, SN 2013cq, has an overall spectral shape and luminosity similar to SN 1998bw (with a photospheric velocity, vph ∼ 15, 000 km s−1). The positions of the bluer features are better matched by the higher velocity SN 2010bh (vph ∼ 30, 000 km s−1), but this SN is significantly fainter and fails to reproduce the overall spectral shape, perhaps indicative of velocity structure in the ejecta. We find that the burst originated ∼4 kpc from the nucleus of a moderately star forming (1 M☉ yr−1), possibly interacting disk galaxy. The absolute magnitude, physical size, and morphology of this galaxy, as well as the location of the GRB within it, are also strikingly similar to those of GRB 980425/SN 1998bw. The similarity of the SNe and environment from both the most luminous and least luminous GRBs suggests that broadly similar progenitor stars can create GRBs across six orders of magnitude in isotropic energy.
Species Richness, Taxonomic Distinctness and Environmental Influences on Euphausiid Zoogeography in the Indian Ocean

Although two thirds of the world’s euphausiid species occur in the Indian Ocean, environmental factors influencing patterns in their diversity across this atypical ocean basin are poorly known. Distribution data for 56 species of euphausiids were extracted from existing literature and, using a geographic information system, spatially-explicit layers of species richness and average taxonomic distinctness (AveTD) were produced for the Indian Ocean. Species richness was high in tropical areas of the southern Indian Ocean (0–20° S), and this high richness extended southwards via the Agulhas and Leeuwin boundary currents. In contrast, the land-locked northern Indian Ocean exhibited lower species richness but higher AveTD, with the presence of the monotypic family Bentheuphausiidae strongly influencing the latter result. Generalised additive modelling incorporating environmental variables averaged over 0–300 m depth indicated that low oxygen concentrations and reduced salinity in the northern Indian Ocean correlated with low species richness. Depth-averaged temperature and surface chlorophyll a concentration were also significant in explaining some of the variation in species richness of euphausiids. Overall, this study has indicated that the patterns in species richness in the Indian Ocean are reflective of its many unusual oceanographic features, and that patterns in AveTD were not particularly informative because of the dominance by the family Euphausiidae.
Localization of Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract: a Possible Explanation of Intestinal Spirochaetosis

The large intestine of rats and dogs was examined by light and electron microscopy. In both species localization of bacteria in specific areas of the tissue was observed. Fusiform bacteria mixed with spirochaetes were seen at the opening of the crypts into the large bowel. However, at the base of the crypts homogeneous populations of spiral organisms were found; some crypts contained Borrelia-type spirochaetes, whereas others contained spiral bacteria with other morphology. Very few spiral bacteria, including those of the spirillum type, were seen in the lumen of the large intestine. Experiments in rats showed that mucosa-associated spiral organisms appeared in large numbers in the stools when diarrhea was induced with magnesium sulfate. These observations were taken as a basis for explaining intestinal spirochaetosis of dogs and other animals, a syndrome which has been frequently described and which, until now, has been considered to reflect pathogenicity of these organisms.
Measuring the Change in Semantic and Sentiment of Neologisms Against An Axis

Are today’s neologisms indicating that we are all a bunch of pessimists? New words are produced at the rapid rate of about 15 per day and distributed online. Some words last only a week contained to a small circle of friends while others find a permanent residence in the dictionary. But, as with the words that came before them, they are subject to the force of language evolution. We track a set of neologisms in their first few years of life to see how their semantics and their sentiment may have changed over time by embedding them in a 100-dimensional vector space and comparing their placement with respect to a word axis. We analyze the e↵ectiveness of this type of measurement neologism evolution, and find that specific axes provide a great tool to analyzing neologism sentiment and semantics, and also that neologisms seem more mobile in the vector space that common words.
Inactivity and Its Associated Factors in Adults Scheduled for Noncardiac Surgery: The PAMP Phase I Study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors in adult patients admitted to hospital for noncardiac surgery. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Five hundred able-bodied patients (age ≥45 years) admitted to hospital, also participants in the VISION study, were recruited before noncardiac surgery. The physical activity level (PAL) was assessed with the International Physical of Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between a number of predetermined factors and physical inactivity. Findings: Overall, 59.8% were inactive. Factors associated with inactivity included age, assistance with activities of daily living, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Conclusion: A substantial number of patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery are inactive. Elderly patients, those needing assistance, and those with long-lasting diabetes may benefit from PAL assessment before surgery. Clinical Relevance: Healthcare providers should identify PALs and monitor for known risk factors to prepare patients for surgical procedures.
Immersion and invariance (I2): A new tool in nonlinear control design

A new method to design asymptotically stabilizing control laws for nonlinear systems is presented. The method relies upon the notions of system immersion and manifold invariance and does not require the knowledge of a (control) Lyapunov function. The construction of the stabilizing control laws resembles the construction used in nonlinear regulator theory to derive the (invariant) output zeroing manifold and its friend. Applications of the general theory to the stabilization of systems in triangular form and in feedforward form are also discussed. Finally, the application of the proposed theory to an adaptive vision problem, which is an example of an adaptive control problem for nonlinearly parameterized systems, is reported.
A New and Secure Electronic Voting Protocol Based on Bilinear Pairings

Electronic voting processes are facing an evolution due to its requirements, especially the ones needed to provide full security. In addition it should reduce costs and increase processing speed. Considering the aforementioned, an electronic voting protocol based on bilinear pairings is presented, which uses the Message Authentication Codes (MAC), the Blind Signature scheme and a scheme of Threshold Identity Based Encryption (IBE). The protocol is divided in four main stages: voting set up, authentication, voting and counting. We consider a responsibility distributed model, in which the votes are decrypted with t of n users. Our protocol presents the first scheme based on Blind Signature and Threshold IBE.
Image Fusion in Dual Energy Computed Tomography for Detection of Hypervascular Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Phantom and Preliminary Studies

Objective:This study was designed to determine the optimal blending method and parameters to fuse computed tomography (CT) data sets with different energy levels in dual-energy CT (DECT) for the detection of hypervascular liver lesions. Materials and Methods:A liver agar phantom containing 8 conical tubes with various concentrations of contrast material, was scanned using a Somatom Definition Dual Source CT (DSCT; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) scanner in the dual energy mode at different current settings. CT data sets obtained at voltage potentials of 80 kVp and 140 kVp were fused using the linear blending method and nonlinear method with different weighting factors (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) and different parameters sets (A—λ: 20, &ohgr;: 430; B—λ: 20, &ohgr;: 70; C—λ: 250, &ohgr;: 430; D—λ: 250, &ohgr;: 70). In 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas, multiphasic liver CT scans including arterial, portal, and equilibrium phases were performed. DECT was used only during the arterial phase but a voltage potential of 120 kVp was used for both the portal and equilibrium phases. For quantitative analyses of the phantom and patient study, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lesion to liver on arterial phase images, was measured. For qualitative analysis of the CT images of the 20 study patients, 5 radiologists, each with a different level of clinical experience, independently assessed the 5 types of image sets regarding lesion conspicuity and overall image quality. This study followed the guidelines of our hospital’s institutional review board, and patient informed written consent was not required. Statistical comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results:For the phantom and patient studies, 2 linear images with weighting factors 0.5 and 0.7 and 2 nonlinear images with a wide width, showed a higher CNR of hyperattenuated lesions than a standard 0.3 weighting factor linear blended image (P < 0.05). For the patient study, a weighting factor 0.5 and a 0.7 linear mixing image had a 9.2% and an 11.8% increase in CNR, respectively, more than a 0.3 linear blended image (P < 0.05). Moreover, a nonlinear mixing image with parameters A and C had a 14.0% increase in CNR over that of a 0.3 linear blended image (P < 0.05). In a qualitative study performed by the 5 reviewers, the nonlinear blended image set with a low level and wide width, was estimated as the most preferred image set (55%–100%), whereas a weighting factor of a 0.3 linear blended image was determined as the least preferred image (65%–100%). Conclusions:Linear blended images with a higher weighting factor than 0.5 and nonlinear blended images with a wide width are able to provide improved lesion-to-liver CNR over the standard linear blending method (with a weighting factor of 0.3). Furthermore, the linear blending method with a low level and a high width provided the most preferred image set for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma detection by our radiologists.
The effect of a smart meter on congestion and stability in a power market

The efficiency, safety, and reliability of the electricity transmission and distribution system of a power grid is expected to be significantly improved via a cyber-enabled energy management. By using smart grid communication technologies that offer dynamic information, the ability to use electricity more efficiently and provide real-time information to utilities is expected to be significantly improved. The specific metering infrastructure that we study in this paper is a smart meter located in suitable places in a power grid offering two way communication regarding various data. In particular, we study the effect of a smart meter with real time monitoring of consumption on energy imbalance, congestion due to constraints on transmission capacity, and the overall stability of the dynamic power market. A market with an elastic consumer is used to evaluate the results. Numerical studies of an IEEE 30-bus are reported to illustrate the overall impact of a smart meter.