Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The new nutrition science project

Abstract Objective To show that nutrition science, with its application to food and nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological science, now including nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles; specify a new definition; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains. Method A narrative review of nutrition science, its successes and achievements, and its dilemmas, paradoxes, shortcomings, dissonances and challenges. Reference is made to 16 associated papers. Equal use is made of continuous text and of boxed texts that extend the review and give salient examples. Results Recent and current interrelated electronic and genomic discoveries and linked sequential demographic, nutritional and epidemiological shifts, in the context of associated and interlinked global social, cultural, environmental, economic, political and other developments, altogether amount to a world in revolution, requiring all disciplines including that of nutrition science to make comparably radical responses. Conclusion Nutrition in principle and practice should be a biological and also an environmental and social science. This new broad integrated structure brings much recent and current progressive work into the centre of nutrition science, and in some ways is a renewal of the period when nutrition science had its greatest impact. It amounts to a map charting well-known and also new worlds. The new nutrition science is concerned with personal and population health, and also with planetary health – the welfare and future of the whole physical and living world of which humans are a part. In this way the discipline will make a greater contribution to the preservation, maintenance, development and sustenance of life on Earth, appropriate for the twenty-first century.
Peripheral arylation of subporphyrazines.

Peripherally hexaarylated subporphyrazines (SubPzs) have been prepared through a Pd-catalyzed, CuTC-mediated coupling of a hexaethylsulfanylated subporphyrazine with arylboronic acids. The introduced aryl substituents strongly influence the electronic properties of the subporphyrazine through effective conjugative interaction. Aryl rings endowed with π-electron-donating groups at the para positions produce a remarkable perturbation of the electron density of the SubPz macrocycle. This is reflected through significant redshifts of the SubPz CT and Q-bands, together with increase of the molar absorptivity of the former, with respect to those exhibited by the hexaphenyl-SubPz 2 a. Moreover, the trend in the first SubPz reduction potentials correlates with the Hammett constants (σp ) corresponding to the para substituents of the aryl. The domed, extended SubPz π-system self-assembles in the solid state to form a dimeric capsule that houses a solvent molecule.
A simplified model of biosonar echoes from foliage and the properties of natural foliages

Foliage echoes could play an important role in the sensory ecology of echolocating bats, but many aspects of their sensory information content remain to be explored. A realistic numerical model for these echoes could support the development of hypotheses for the relationship between foliage properties and echo parameters. In prior work by the authors, a simple foliage model based on circular disks distributed uniformly in space has been developed. In the current work, three key simplifications used in this model have been examined: (i) representing leaves as circular disks, (ii) neglecting shading effects between leaves, and (iii) the uniform spatial distribution of the leaves. The target strengths of individual leaves and shading between them have been examined in physical experiments, whereas the impact of the spatial leaf distribution has been studied by modifying the numerical model to include leaf distributions according to a biomimetic model for natural branching patterns (L-systems). Leaf samples from a single species (leatherleaf arrowwood) were found to match the relationship between size and target strength of the disk model fairly well, albeit with a large variability part of which could be due to unaccounted geometrical features of the leaves. Shading between leaf-sized disks did occur for distances below 50 cm and could hence impact the echoes. Echoes generated with L-system models in two distinct tree species (ginkgo and pine) showed consistently more temporal inhomogeneity in the envelope amplitudes than a reference with uniform distribution. However, these differences were small compared to effects found in response to changes in the relative orientation of simulated sonar beam and foliage. These findings support the utility of the uniform leaf distribution model and suggest that bats could use temporal inhomogeneities in the echoes to make inferences regarding the relative positioning of their sonar and a foliage.
Chemical screen identifies FDA-approved drugs and target pathways that induce precocious pancreatic endocrine differentiation

Pancreatic β-cells are an essential source of insulin and their destruction because of autoimmunity causes type I diabetes. We conducted a chemical screen to identify compounds that would induce the differentiation of insulin-producing β-cells in vivo. To do this screen, we brought together the use of transgenic zebrafish as a model of β-cell differentiation, a unique multiwell plate that allows easy visualization of lateral views of swimming larval fish and a library of clinical drugs. We identified six hits that can induce precocious differentiation of secondary islets in larval zebrafish. Three of these six hits were known drugs with a considerable background of published data on mechanism of action. Using pharmacological approaches, we have identified and characterized two unique pathways in β-cell differentiation in the zebrafish, including down-regulation of GTP production and retinoic acid biosynthesis.
Increased expression of insulin‐like growth factor I augments the progressive phase of synaptogenesis without preventing synapse elimination in the hypoglossal nucleus

The in vivo actions of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) on synaptogenesis in the hypoglossal nucleus were investigated in transgenic mice that overexpress IGF‐I in the brain postnatally and in normal nontransgenic littermate controls. In a previous study using these mice, we found that IGF‐I increases the total volume of the hypoglossal nucleus by increasing the volume of neuropil rather than by increasing total neuron number; therefore, the progressive and regressive phases of synaptogenesis could be evaluated without the confounding effects of altered neuron number. The volume of the hypoglossal nucleus was significantly increased by 28% to 59% in transgenic mice after postnatal day (P) 7, whereas the total number of hypoglossal neurons did not differ significantly from controls. The numerical density of neurons was significantly decreased by 21% to 38% after P7, and the density of myelinated axons was significantly increased by 19%. Although the numerical density of synapses did not differ between groups at any age, the total number of synapses in transgenic mice was increased by 42% to 52% after P14. Total synapse number in controls increased from P7 (7.9 million) to peak values at P21 (36.0 million), followed by a significant decrease (33%) at P130 (24.2 million). In transgenic mice, total synapses increased from 8.2 million on P7 to 51.1 million on P21, followed by a significant decrease (28%) to 36.7 million at P130. Our results demonstrated that IGF‐I can stimulate a persistent increase in the number of hypoglossal synapses, thereby augmenting the progressive phase of synaptogenesis without preventing synapse elimination during the regressive phase. J. Comp. Neurol. 464:382–391, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SAWDUST

The present study was undertaken to observe the chemical composition of different types of sawdust available in the urban and peri-urban areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Twenty different types of sawdust from different plants were collected from study areas. Chemical analyses of the samples were carried out in triplicate for moisture, dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extracts (NFE), ether extracts (EE) and total ash in the animal nutrition laboratory, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Results indicated that, there were no variations (P0.05) in the DM, EE and TA contents of the sawdust samples. However, ME, CP, CF and NFE content differed (P0.01) significantly from one sample to another. DM content varied from 91.6 to 97.4 g/100g, ME content varied from 535.9 to 1756.7 kcal/kg, CP content varied from 1.8 to 3.5 g/100g, CF content varied from 39.5 to 74.0 g/100g and NFE content varied from 12.5 to 47.1 g/100g. It could therefore, be inferred that, sawdust currently available in the local market widely varies in chemical composition.
Comparison of Antibacterial Properties of Nano TiO_2 and ZnO Particle Filled Polymers

Antibacterial property for the plastic products is very important due to their wide spread usage in many areas close to human health such as a child toy or a food package. There are some methods to make polymers antibacterial such as ionizing radiation but they can be still infected by micro organisms during usage of them. The best and easy way to obtain antibacterial polymers is melt mixing of polymers with antibacterial agents. In this study, nano TiO2 and ZnO particles were mixed with polypropylene and high density polyethylene with a twin screw extruder. Silane was applied to the particles prior melt mixing in order to prevent agglomeration and FT-IR analysis was done to characterize the particles. After melt mixing, particle lled rectangular plates were obtained by plastic injection molding and antibacterial tests were done on the plates according to a standard method, JIS Z 2801. According to the results, satisfactory antibacterial properties were obtained for both polymers and it has been seen that particles without silane could not provide antibacterial e ect.
Statistical validation of the Revised Trauma Score.

BACKGROUND To validate the accuracy of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and its components for predicting in-hospital mortality. METHODS Analyses were based on 22,388 patients from the trauma registries of three urban Level I trauma centers in the province of Quebec, Canada. The accuracy of RTS coded variables for the Glasgow Coma Score (GCSc), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBPc), and Respiratory Rate (RRc) for predicting mortality was evaluated in logistic regression models with measures of discrimination and model fit and compared with Fractional Polynomial (FP) transformations of each component. RESULTS RTS coded variables were associated with sparse data distributions and did not accurately represent the relation of GCS, SBP, and RR to mortality. FP models were always associated with significantly better discrimination (all p < 0.00001) and model fit. Survival probability estimates generated by the model with FP transformations were significantly different to those generated by the model with RTS-coded variables. CONCLUSIONS The RTS in its present form does not accurately describe the relation of GCS, SBP, and RR to mortality. FP transformation would improve the accuracy of predicted survival probabilities used for performance evaluation and may improve control of confounding caused by of physiologic severity case mix in trauma research.
Contribución para la identificación humana a partir del estudio de las estructuras óseas: determinación de la talla a través de la longitud de los huesos largos

En esta tesis realizamos un estudio del femur y humero sobre la poblacion de Oporto (Portugal) en relacion con la talla del individuo. El material que se emplea es una tabla osteometrica para mediciones oseas y los cadaveres autopsiados del Instituto de Medicina Legal de Oporto. El metodo que se usa es: extraccion de femur y humero del cadaver; medicion de los mismos y restitucion al cuerpo del que se han extraido. Posteriormente se realiza estudio estadistico de las medidas obtenidas. Los resultados indican que la mejor relacion longitud-talla corresponde al femur y que las tablas obtenidas para calculo de talla sobre la poblacion de Oporto son de mayor fiabilidad que las usadas hasta ahora, construidas sobre poblaciones de origen muy diferente al de nuestro entorno.
Accuracy Bounds for and RSS and TOA based RF Localization in capsule endoscopy

In this paper, we derive and analyze cooperative localization bounds for endoscopic wireless capsule as it p asses through the human gastrointestin (GI) tract. We derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) variance limits on location estimators which use measured received signal strength(RS S) and ranging error limits using time of arrival (TOA). Using a three-dimension human body model from a full wave simulation software and log-normal models for RSS propagation from implant organs to body surface, we calculate bounds on locat ion estimators in three digestive organs: stomach, small intes tine and large intestine. We provide analysis of the factors affecti ng localization accuracy including various organ environments, ex ternal sensor array topology and number of pills in cooperation. For TOA based technique, we also analyzed the ranging error caus ed by the uncertainty of signal propagation speed inside human tissue. The simulation results show that the number of recei ver sensors on body surface has more influence on the accuracy of localization than the number of pills in cooperation inside the GI tract and the TOA ranging error increases with the distance in between the sensor pairs.
Les insectes d'Afrique et d'Amérique tropicale. Clés pour la reconnaissance des familles

Ce guide d'identification des insectes tropicaux rassemble l'essentiel des connaissances indispensables pour permettre d'acquerir une autonomie de diagnostic au niveau de la plupart des familles d'insectes d'importance economique. Aux cles de reconnaissance des familles, sont associes des tableaux d'identification, de nombreuses illustrations, ainsi qu'une importante bibliographie.
On low‐lying excited states of extended nanographenes

Low‐lying excited states of planarly extended nanographenes are investigated using the long‐range corrected (LC) density functional theory (DFT) and the spin‐flip (SF) time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) by exploring the long‐range exchange and double‐excitation correlation effects on the excitation energies, band gaps, and exciton binding energies. Optimizing the geometries of the nanographenes indicates that the long‐range exchange interaction significantly improves the CC bond lengths and amplify their bond length alternations with overall shortening the bond lengths. The calculated TDDFT excitation energies show that long‐range exchange interaction is crucial to provide accurate excitation energies of small nanographenes and dominate the exciton binding energies in the excited states of nanographenes. It is, however, also found that the present long‐range correction may cause the overestimation of the excitation energy for the infinitely wide graphene due to the discrepancy between the calculated band gaps and vertical ionization potential (IP) minus electron affinity (EA) values. Contrasting to the long‐range exchange effects, the SF‐TDDFT calculations show that the double‐excitation correlation effects are negligible in the low‐lying excitations of nanographenes, although this effect is large in the lowest excitation of benzene molecule. It is, therefore, concluded that long‐range exchange interactions should be incorporated in TDDFT calculations to quantitatively investigate the excited states of graphenes, although TDDFT using a present LC functional may provide a considerable excitation energy for the infinitely wide graphene mainly due to the discrepancy between the calculated band gaps and IP–EA values. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DC Temperature Measurements to Characterize the Central Frequency and 3 dB Bandwidth in mmW Power Amplifiers

This letter shows how a temperature sensor and a simple dc voltage multimeter can be used as instruments to determine the central frequency and 3 dB bandwidth of a 60 GHz linear power amplifier (PA). Compared to previous works, the dc temperature monitoring now proposed requires a much simpler and convenient measurement set-up. In this example, the temperature sensor is embedded in the same silicon die as the PA. Being placed in empty layout spaces next to it, it is proposed as a built-in test circuit.
Evaluation of the Nano Spray Dryer B-90 for pharmaceutical applications.

The vibrating mesh spray technology implemented in the Nano Spray Dryer B-90 was evaluated for pharmaceutical applications by spray drying common pharmaceutical excipients (e.g. trehalose, mannitol) and model drugs (e.g. griseofulvin). Aerosol droplet size measurements investigated the influence of spray solution factors (e.g. viscosity, surface tension) and of vibrating mesh aperture sizes on particle characteristics. Particle deposition on the spray nozzle was addressed by analyzing the influence of spray solute concentration and solvent on the process outcome. Submicron particles with 0.5 ? m and 0.8 ? m mean particle size were obtained at high yields for 50? mg powder amounts.
Hybrid Linear State Estimation Utilizing Synchronized Phasor Measurements

We propose a model for enhancing power system state estimation (SE) with synchronized phasor measurements based on a two-pass approach. The first pass consists of executing the traditional state estimation problem without the phasor measurements. The second pass appends the state vector solution with the vector of phasor measurements and solves a linear state estimation problem in rectangular variables. Our model is non-invasive in the sense that phasor measurements are not directly integrated with traditional state estimation inputs of real, reactive power and voltage magnitudes. Numerical experimentations on the New England 39 bus test system for varying number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) were conducted. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method of phasor integration in improving the quality of the state estimator solution.
The Effect of Human-Computer Interchange Protocol on Decision Performance

Abstract:The concept of a collaborative human-computer interchange was proposed almost thirty years ago. The goal of this paradigm is to design human-computer decision-making systems that think and process information at a level exceeding that of either the human or the computer alone. Technological and conceptual developments have made this holistic partnership increasingly possible. Moreover, recent discussions of human-computer collaborative work have highlighted the system performance advantages of this interchange.In this paper, the notion of human-computer interchange protocols is developed and the importance of these protocols to human-computer collaboration and system performance is argued. Based on data collected in a laboratory setting, empirical support for the proposed holistic effect of human-computer interchange protocols on system performance is provided. Decision performance is significantly improved by interchange protocols that encourage human-computer interaction during the problem-solv.
Agmatine facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission in frog myocardium via an action on alfa 2-adrenergic receptors.

OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of agmatine was studied on sympathetic neurotransmission in the frog isolated ventricular strips. METHODS Ventricular strips were prepared from the heart of the pitched frog. Each strip was mounted vertically in an organ bath. Muscle contractions were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer and displayed on a polygraph. RESULTS Concentration-response relationships to noradrenaline were obtained on contractility of frog ventricular strips evoked by electrical stimulation. The responses of noradrenaline were re-obtained in presence of agmatine (3X10(-4) M). Agmatine was found to be ineffective on contractile responses of noradrenaline in electrically driven ventricular strips of frog heart. Transient additional stimulations (TAS) induced contractions. The contractions induced by TAS were re-obtained in presence of agmatine, idazoxan + agmatine and yohimbine + agmatine. Agmatine significantly increased the positive inotropic responses of TAS. The effect of agmatine on contractile responses of TAS was not changed by idazoxan, indicating that imidazoline receptors have not functions in this response. The effect of agmatine on the contractile responses to TAS was reversed by yohimbine, indicating involvement of alpha2 adrenoceptors in this response. Agmatine did not change the contractile responses of ventricular strips to exogenous noradrenaline, indicating that agmatine does not affect postjunctional adrenoceptors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that agmatine facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission in frog myocardium via an action on prejunctional alpha2 adrenergic receptors located on sympathetic nerve terminals.
Combined two-photon microscopy and angiographic optical coherence tomography

Abstract. A combined two-photon microscopy (TPM) and angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is developed, which can provide molecular, cellular, structural, and vascular information of tissue specimens in vivo. This combined system is implemented by adding an OCT vasculature visualization method to the previous combined TPM and OCT, and then is applied to in vivo tissue imaging. Two animal models, a mouse brain cranial window model and a mouse ear cancer model, are used. Both molecular, cellular information at local regions of tissues, and structural, vascular information at relatively larger regions are visualized in the same sections. In vivo tissue microenvironments are better elucidated by the combined TPM and angiographic OCT.
Use of proteomics for the discovery of early markers of drug toxicity

Toxicity and safety issues remain a significant problem for drug development efforts by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Exisiting early biomarkers of toxicity are insufficient and this is demonstrated by the high failure rate of candidate therapeutics due to toxicity problems. It is anticipated that the advent of ‘omic’ technologies should facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the perturbation of biological systems by toxic insults and, as such, will lead to better predictive models of toxicity for use in drug development. The field of proteomics continues to develop rapidly and it is already evident that proteomic approaches have much to contribute to the field of ‘systems toxicology’ and to the development of novel biomarkers of toxicity. Here, the key proteomic approaches are reviewed, their applications in pharmaceutical toxicology are described and what shape future developments in this arena might take is considered.
Glycopeptide and glycoprotein synthesis involving unprotected carbohydrate building blocks

This review summarizes the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins using unprotected carbohydrates as key intermediates. The synthetic methods covered herein include the convergent synthesis of glycopeptides by chemoselective ligation of peptides and free glycans, solution‐ and solid‐phase synthesis of glycopeptides by sequential peptide elongation with unprotected glycosyl amino acids or short glycopeptides as building blocks, and the synthesis of glycopeptides by enzymatic and/or chemical elongation of the free glycans. The use of unprotected carbohydrates in these syntheses can circumvent the final‐stage carbohydrate deprotection, lead to highly convergent synthetic designs, and more significantly, take advantage of the commercially available free glycans isolated from nature, which could considerably facilitate the synthesis of complex glycopeptides and glycoproteins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.