Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group-based incentive and penalizing schemes for proactive participatory data sensing in IoT networks

Quality of Information in IoT network is based on the fair degree of cooperation between the crowd sensing nodes, crowdsourcing nodes, mobile social nodes and cloud application servers. The constraints such as service reliability, node interaction credibility and data confidentiality impact the performance of data sensing systems. Incentive mechanisms encourage the active IoT nodes to transmit reliable data and secure the network. In this regard, this article proposes the GRoup-based Incentive and Penalizing Schemes for Proactive Participatory Data Sensing (GRIPS-PPDS) in IoT Network. GRIPS-PPDS applies the minimum set cover theorem to select the nodes that further sense and aggregate the data with high accuracy rate, consistency and reliability. The proposed model implements the rigid and relaxed modes for proactive data sensing in IoT network. Based on attributes such as quality of information, data accuracy rate, consistency, reliability and node trustworthiness, the GRIPS-PPDS scheme defines the incentive and penalizing factors to optimize the coverage region, minimize the energy consumption and secure the network. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model optimizes the coverage levels with enhanced data sensing and incentive cost for the relaxed mode PPDS as compared to the rigid mode PPDS.
Cost Dispersion, Reentry Costs, and Rental Housing Markets

Abstract The housing stock is assumed to be tenure flexible in the paper. A rental housing unit can be sold at the prevailing market price or it can be let. In the presence of reentry costs a sale will reduce possible future rental profitability. The return on rental housing consists of rental income and the value of the opportunity to utilize information that will be revealed in the future. The opportunity to utilize future information can be regarded as a real option. The value of this tenure flexibility option may push equilibrium rents below the user cost of a comparable dwelling held by an owner-occupier.
Does the Rise in the Full Retirement Age Encourage Disability Benefits Applications? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

As the Social Security full retirement age rises, the relative generosity of Social Security retirement benefits compared to disability benefits is declining, raising the incentive for insured people to apply for disability benefits. After controlling for other differences in observable characteristics, such as life-time earnings, we find that an average four month increase in the FRA slightly increases the two-year DI application rate by 0.04-0.30 percentage points. The effect is greater among those with a work limiting health problem (0.22-0.89 percentage points).
Evolution of New Function through a Single Amino Acid Change in the Yeast Repressor Sum1p

ABSTRACT The SUM1-1 mutation is an example of a single amino acid change that results in new function. Wild-type Sum1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a DNA-binding repressor that acts locally, whereas mutant Sum1-1p forms an extended repressive chromatin structure. By characterizing a panel of mutations in which various amino acids replaced the critical residue, threonine 988, we found that threonine was required for wild-type function and that in the absence of threonine the association of Sum1p with DNA was reduced. Isoleucine, the amino acid in mutant Sum1-1p, was required for the novel spreading property. Thus, the SUM1-1 mutation results in both a loss and a gain of function. The presence of isoleucine caused Sum1-1p to self-associate, a property that may promote spreading. In addition, isoleucine enabled Sum1-1p to associate with the origin recognition complex (ORC) and accumulate near ORC binding sites. Thus, both threonine and isoleucine at position 988 enable Sum1p to form intermolecular interactions. We propose that interaction domains may be hotspots for gain-of-function mutations because alterations in such domains have the potential to redirect a protein to new sets of binding partners. In addition, self-association of chromatin proteins may promote the formation of extended chromatin structures.
The Capital Purchase Program and Subsequent Bank SEOs

We find that in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis banks replenished only 12% of crisis-related losses through SEOs in 2009 and 2010. However, SEOs are disproportionately conducted by Capital Purchase Program (CPP) recipients, and this is not explained by CPP recipients’ economic and regulatory capital needs. SEOs in 2009 and 2010 by CPP recipients alone account for 27% by number, and 50% by dollar amount, of all SEOs by U.S. banks between 1994 and 2010, indicating the CPP is an influential event in the history of U.S. bank SEOs during this period. Controlling for economic and regulatory capital determinants of SEOs, CPP recipients were more likely than non-recipients to have a SEO within four quarters subsequent to CPP receipt. SEO proceeds were used to repay CPP receipts without jeopardizing loan growth. Banks that received CPP funds prior to the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), and banks with greater reliance on non-traditional banking activities, were more likely to have a SEO expeditiously and repay CPP funds early. Collectively, the results provide new evidence on the realized consequences of the CPP for bank SEOs. Tests suggest the CPP's indirect costs of restrictions on corporate policies and actions as the most likely explanation for the results.
Effect of FGF/FGFR Signal in Fluid Shear Stress and Estrogen Regulating Bone Metabolism

Estrogen and fluid shear stress (FSS) play an important role in bone metabolism, displaying a synergistic effect. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are also of great importance in bone development before and after birth. FGFs regulate downstream signaling pathway by activating FGF receptors (FGFRs) to control the expression of bone tissue cells. This paper conducts a brief discussion of the effect of FGF/FGFR as well as fluid shear stress and estrogen in bone metabolism regulation.
Flexible Controls of Terahertz Waves Using Coding and Programmable Metasurfaces

In the first part of the paper, we make a brief review on the coding and programmable metasurfaces recently proposed at microwave and terahertz frequencies, which are realized by distributing coding particles “0” and “1” with opposite reflection phases on surfaces with certain coding sequences. The powerful manipulations to microwaves and terahertz waves using the coding and programmable metasurfaces are presented. In the second part of the paper, we propose a new coding scheme for the generation of ring-shaped radiation pattern. Different coding strategies are provided to demonstrate the flexible controls of the size, position, and number of rings in the radiation patterns, including changing the periodicity of the gradient coding sequence and adding it with one or multiple periodic sequences. A new structure featuring low electromagnetic interference and ultrahigh efficiency is designed to implement the ring-shaped pattern, which shows highly consistent results to the theoretical results calculated by Fourier transform. We remark that such a ring-shaped radiation pattern may find a wide range of applications in radar detections.
Heterogeneity in the structural dynamics of Sulfolobus solfataricus β‐glycosidase revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance and frequency domain fluorometry

The local and global dynamics of the Sulfolobus solfataricus β‐glycosidase were studied by electron spin resonance and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques. For electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations, the protein was covalently modified by the maleimido nitroxide spin label, which is specific for cysteine ‐SH groups, at position 344 and at position 101, where Ser‐101 was changed into a cysteine by site‐directed mutagenesis. The greater reactivity of exposed Cys‐101 suggested the exclusive modification of this amino acid compared with Cys‐344. The labeled proteins underwent temperature perturbation in the range 290–335 K and the values of the spin‐label rotation correlation frequencies (νc) ranged from 6 × 107 to 2 × 108 sec−1 for the protein labeled at position C344 and from 5.62 × 107 to 1.10 × 108 sec−1 for the protein labeled at C101. These rotation correlation values are related to the local dynamic characteristics of the protein matrix. The temperature dependence of rotation correlation frequencies expressed in terms of Arrhenius coordinates (log (νc) vs. 1/T) for the protein labeled at C344 exhibited a linear dependence but with a change in the slope at 311 K. For the protein labeled at C101, no change in the slope was observed at the same temperature. General dynamic information was deduced from the analysis of the fluorescence emission decay of the tryptophanyl residues that are present in each region of the protein structure. Fluorescence data analysis highlighted a bimodal distribution of fluorescence lifetimes arising from the contribution of two emitting groups: one consisting of closely clustered tryptophans responsible for the long‐lived emission component (7.1 nsec) and the other composed of tryptophans nearer to the protein surface, which can be associated to the short‐lived component (2.5 nsec). The temperature dependence of lifetime distribution parameters linked to the long‐lived and short‐lived components, expressed in Arrhenius coordinates, showed two different points in which the change in the slope occurred (i.e., 328 K and 338 K, respectively). The Arrhenius analysis of data provided the activation energy relative to the conformational changes characterizing the local and global movements running through the protein matrix.
Modeling interaction of trading volume in financial dynamics

A dynamic herding model with interactions of trading volumes is introduced. At time $t$, an agent trades with a probability, which depends on the ratio of the total trading volume at time $t-1$ to its own trading volume at its last trade. The price return is determined by the volume imbalance and number of trades. The model successfully reproduces the power-law distributions of the trading volume, number of trades and price return, and their relations. Moreover, the generated time series are long-range correlated. We demonstrate that the results are rather robust, and do not depend on the particular form of the trading probability.
Complementary feeding intervention on stunted Guatemalan children: a randomised controlled trial

Objective/background Guatemala’s indigenous Maya population has one of the highest rates of childhood stunting in the world. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of an intensive, individualised approach to complementary feeding education for caregivers on feeding practices and growth over usual care. Design An individually randomised (1:1 allocation ratio), parallel-group superiority trial, with blinding of study staff collecting outcome data. Setting Rural Maya communities in Guatemala. Participants 324 children aged 6–24 months with a height-for-age Z score of less than or equal to −2.5 SD were randomised, 161 to the intervention and 163 to usual care. Interventions Community health workers conducted home visits for 6 months, providing usual care or usual care plus individualised caregiver education. Main outcomes measures The main outcome was change in length/height-for-age Z score. Secondary outcomes were changes in complementary feeding indicators. Results Data were analysed for 296 subjects (intervention 145, usual care 151). There was a non-significant trend to improved growth in the intervention arm (length/height-for-age Z score change difference 0.07(95% CI −0.04 to 0.18)). The intervention led to a 22% improvement in minimum dietary diversity (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.35) and a 23% improvement in minimal acceptable diet (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.40) over usual care. Conclusions Complementary feeding outcomes improved in the intervention arm, and a non-significant trend towards improved linear growth was observed. Community health workers in a low-resource rural environment can implement individualised caregiver complementary feeding education with significant improvements in child dietary quality over standard approaches. Clinical trial registration number NCT02509936. Stage: Results
Venous Malformation: Risk of Progression During Childhood and Adolescence

Venous malformations (VMs) can cause significant morbidity, particularly because they enlarge over time and become symptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural progression of VMs to facilitate patient counseling, gain insight into pathophysiology, and guide therapy. Our Vascular Anomalies Center database was reviewed for patients with cutaneous and soft-tissue VMs. Predictive variables were age, gender, location, pregnancy, and size. The outcome variable was natural progression of the malformation defined by expansion of the lesion or the onset/worsening of symptoms. The study included 614 patients. Children had a 26.1% risk of progression prior to adolescence, 74.9% before adulthood, and 93.2% over their lifetime. Progression was more likely in adolescence (60.9%) than in childhood (22.5%); the relative risk was 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.1–3.2) (P = 0.0001). Diffuse VMs progressed more often than localized lesions (P = 0.002); extremity and trunk VMs worsened more frequently than head/neck lesions (P = 0.03). VMs have a higher risk of progression in adolescents than in children; pubertal hormones may contribute to expansion. Because of their high rate of progression, early treatment of asymptomatic VMs should be considered.
High-Efficiency 1-mm $^{2}$ AlGaInP LEDs Sandwiched by ITO Omni-Directional Reflector and Current-Spreading Layer

A 1-mm2 AlGaInP light-emitting diode (LED) sandwiched by an omni-directional reflector (ODR) and current-spreading layer is presented. The vertical-conducting bottom ODR consists of p-GaP, dispersive dot-contacts of Au-AuBe-Au acting as ohmic contacts, an intermediate low-refractive index layer of indium-tin-oxide, and a silver layer. A Si substrate, which acted as a heat sink, was bonded to the ODR-covered LED structure using a metal-to-metal bonding process. It was found that the maximum output power of the ODR-LED on Si reached 304 mW at 650 mA, and the output power did not saturate up to 650-mA injection current. The external quantum efficiency of 31.8% was obtained at 100 mA, and 19.4% achieved even at currents of up to 800 mA. Furthermore, under a forward current of 350 mA, the ODR-LEDs remained highly reliable after 1000-h testing at room temperature
Big data and cloud based wearable forgery note recognition systems via contourlet transform and support vector machine

Forgery note recognition plays an important role in our daily life as the general public has an opportunity to receive the forgery notes. This paper proposes a big data and cloud based wearable forgery note recognition system. First, a wearable camera is employed for taking the note images. Then, the note images are sent to the cloud systems. There is a big data system in the cloud server. Image features are extracted based on the coutourlet transform. The coutourlet transform is employed for the feature extraction because the contourlet has the multi-resolution property as well as performs the local and directional image decomposition. In particular, the statistical information of the coefficients obtained by performing the contourlet transform is employed as the features. Then, a support vector machine is used for performing the forgery note recognition. Extensive computer numerical simulations are performed. The obtained results show that the proposed method achieves a higher accuracy rate compared to the existing methods.
Group modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) in a clinical setting

Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness of a modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) program delivered in a group format. Methods: Thirteen subacute or chronic stroke and two subacute brain injured participants attended a group mCIMT program for 3.5 h daily for 10 treatment days. The groups consisted of three participants supervised by two staff. Motor recovery, functional arm use, and participation were evaluated by an independent assessor at five time points (baseline, immediately preprogram, immediately postprogram, 1 and 3-month postprogram). Results:Participants achieved statistical and clinically significant improvements in motor recovery (Wolf Motor Function Test), functional use (Motor Activity Log) and participation (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure). These improvements were maintained over a 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Group delivery of mCIMT produces meaningful results and is a potentially effective way of extending availability of this program without placing overwhelming demands on health care resources. Implications for Rehabilitation Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an effective treatment for upper extremity weakness as a result of stroke or brain injury. Development of CIMT programs in a clinical setting have been limited by the heavy demands it places on personnel, space and equipment A clinically based group modified CIMT (mCIMT) program with stroke and brain injury survivors showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in motor recovery, functional use, and participation. Group delivery of mCIMT can be an effective way of extending availability of this program without placing overwhelming demands on hospital resources.
The Impact of Structural Funds Policy on European Regions' Growth: A Theoretical and Empirical Approach

In this paper, I try to estimate the impact of Structural Funds on the growth rates of Objective 1 European regions during the two first programming periods (1989-2000). I develop a "hybrid" model of economic growth that partially endogenizes the rate of technical progress and I test its main implications following a panel data approach. The results suggest that Structural Funds have positively influenced the growth process of Objective 1 regions, although their impact has been stronger during the first programming period than the second. The same quantitative difference between the two programming periods appears in the estimated rates of beta-convergence and the catching-up effect.
The Informational Role of Prices

Over the past decade, Sanford Grossman's contributions to the economics of information have significantly altered the way economists think about rational expectations. Here his articles are collected in one place, providing a uniform framework for understanding how prices convey information in securities markets. Grossman elaborates a new model of economic equilibrium that casts a dual role for prices both as constraints that affect the immediate costs or benefits of acts and as conveyers of information about the probable future costs and benefits of those acts. He points to the Wall Street panic of October 1987 as an example of the informational role of prices where volatility actually represented sophisticated trading strategies by relatively uninformed individuals.
Object-Based Target Templates Guide Attention During Visual Search

During visual search, attention is believed to be controlled in a strictly feature-based fashion, without any guidance by object-based target representations. To challenge this received view, we measured electrophysiological markers of attentional selection (N2pc component) and working memory (sustained posterior contralateral negativity; SPCN) in search tasks where two possible targets were defined by feature conjunctions (e.g., blue circles and green squares). Critically, some search displays also contained nontargets with two target features (incorrect conjunction objects, e.g., blue squares). Because feature-based guidance cannot distinguish these objects from targets, any selective bias for targets will reflect object-based attentional control. In Experiment 1, where search displays always contained only one object with target-matching features, targets and incorrect conjunction objects elicited identical N2pc and SPCN components, demonstrating that attentional guidance was entirely feature-based. In Experiment 2, where targets and incorrect conjunction objects could appear in the same display, clear evidence for object-based attentional control was found. The target N2pc became larger than the N2pc to incorrect conjunction objects from 250 ms poststimulus, and only targets elicited SPCN components. This demonstrates that after an initial feature-based guidance phase, object-based templates are activated when they are required to distinguish target and nontarget objects. These templates modulate visual processing and control access to working memory, and their activation may coincide with the start of feature integration processes. Results also suggest that while multiple feature templates can be activated concurrently, only a single object-based target template can guide attention at any given time.
NO . 98-11 L BEHAVIOR OF REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOMES IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD

This paper examines the cyclical dynamics of per capita personal income for the major U.S. regions during the 1953:3-95:2 period. The analysis reveals considerable differences in the volatility of regional cycles. Controlling for differences in volatility, we find a great deal of comovement in the cyclical response of four regions (New England, Southeast, Southwest, and Far West), which we call the core region, and the nation. We also find a great deal of comovement between the Mideast and Plains regions, but these regions are only weakly correlated with national movements. The cyclical response of the Great Lakes region is markedly different from that of the other regions and the nation. Possible sources underlying differences in regional cycles are explored, such as the share of a region’s income accounted for by manufacturing, defense spending as a proportion of a region’s income, oil price shocks, and the stance of monetary policy. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that the share of manufacturing in a region seems to account for little of the variation in regional cycles.
Information and Empowerment: The Keys to Achieving Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism is a sub-branch of sustainable development that was put on the world agenda with the publication of the Bruntland report. The report focused on environmental issues and the natural environment has remained a central theme. Sociocultural issues have been overshadowed or marginalised. Community participation, although considered essential in sustainable tourism, is a concept subject to much interpretation. Based on longitudinal action research this case study, from Eastern Indonesia, provides theoretical coverage and practical ideas of how community participation can be moved from the passive, rhetorical end of the participation scale towards empowerment. Tourism has the potential to empower communities and the sustainable tourism agenda needs to focus on how to bring this about. As the case study illustrates, understanding tourists and tourism processes is the first stage to empowering the local community to make informed and appropriate decisions about their tourism development. Considerable investments are required in communication and trust building between the actors in tourism. This paper examines how action research, focus groups and the creation of a tourism forum can be concrete, first steps towards achieving sustainable tourism development in the 21st century.