Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antigen-Dependent Integration of Opposing Proximal TCR-Signaling Cascades Determines the Functional Fate of T Lymphocytes

T cell anergy is a key tolerance mechanism to mitigate unwanted T cell activation against self by rendering lymphocytes functionally inactive following Ag encounter. Ag plays an important role in anergy induction where high supraoptimal doses lead to the unresponsive phenotype. How T cells “measure” Ag dose and how this determines functional output to a given antigenic dose remain unclear. Using multiparametric phospho-flow and mass cytometry, we measured the intracellular phosphorylation-dependent signaling events at a single-cell resolution and studied the phosphorylation levels of key proximal human TCR activation- and inhibition-signaling molecules. We show that the intracellular balance and signal integration between these opposing signaling cascades serve as the molecular switch gauging Ag dose. An Ag density of 100 peptide–MHC complexes/cell was found to be the transition point between dominant activation and inhibition cascades, whereas higher Ag doses induced an anergic functional state. Finally, the neutralization of key inhibitory molecules reversed T cell unresponsiveness and enabled maximal T cell functions, even in the presence of very high Ag doses. This mechanism permits T cells to make integrated “measurements” of Ag dose that determine subsequent functional outcomes.
The religious world of Jesus : an introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism

This textbook provides a basic introduction to the pivotal era in biblical history known as the Second Temple period (520 B.C.E. to 70 C.E.), the formative milieu of Jesus and the earliest Christians. Designed for maximum convenience for students and teachers, it contains suggestions for primary readings, a bibliography, glossary, full index and chronology.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain Belonging to the East African-Indian Family in the Indo-Oceanic Lineage, Isolated in Hanoi, Vietnam

ABSTRACT The East African-Indian (EAI) family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an endemic group mainly observed in Southeast Asia. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an M. tuberculosis strain isolated as a member of the EAI family in Hanoi, Vietnam, a country with a high incidence of tuberculosis.
Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of cumulative doses of opioid mu agonists in healthy volunteers.

The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of three opioid mu-receptor agonists were studied in healthy volunteers using a cumulative-dosing procedure. Sixteen volunteers with no history of drug abuse received i.v. injections of saline (SAL), morphine (MOR), hydromorphone (HM), or meperidine (MEP) in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Subjects received 1 injection/h for the first 4 h, and a 3-h recovery period followed. SAL was injected first during each session, then SAL or increasing doses of each drug were administered every hour for the next 3 h. The absolute doses per injection were MOR: 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/70 kg; HM: 0.33, 0.65, and 1.3 mg/70 kg; and MEP: 17.5, 35, and 70 mg/70 kg. These injections resulted in cumulative doses of MOR: 2.5, 7.5, and 17.5; HM: 0.33, 0.98, and 2.28; and MEP: 17.5, 52.5, and 122.5 mg/70 kg. Subjects completed mood forms and psychomotor tests, and physiological measures were recorded at various times after each injection and during recovery. MEP tended to produce the most intense effects immediately after drug injection, which dissipated rapidly. MOR produced the mildest effects but was associated with unpleasant side effects during recovery and after the session. HM's effects were stronger than MOR's, and the recovery from HM was slower than with MEP. None of the opioids produced consistent effects that are typically associated with abuse liability. Orderly dose-response functions suggested that our cumulative-dosing procedure is an efficient way of determining dose-response functions for multiple opioids within the same subjects within the same study.
Can hook-bending be let off the hook? Bending/unbending of pliant tools by cockatoos

The spontaneous crafting of hook-tools from bendable material to lift a basket out of a vertical tube in corvids has widely been used as one of the prime examples of animal tool innovation. However, it was recently suggested that the animals' solution was hardly innovative but strongly influenced by predispositions from habitual tool use and nest building. We tested Goffin's cockatoo, which is neither a specialized tool user nor a nest builder, on a similar task set-up. Three birds individually learned to bend hook tools from straight wire to retrieve food from vertical tubes and four subjects unbent wire to retrieve food from horizontal tubes. Pre-experience with ready-made hooks had some effect but was not necessary for success. Our results indicate that the ability to represent and manufacture tools according to a current need does not require genetically hardwired behavioural routines, but can indeed arise innovatively from domain general cognitive processing.
Countermanding saccades in macaque

Abstract A countermanding paradigm was utilized to investigate the regulation of saccade initiation. Two rhesus monkeys were instructed to generate a saccade to a peripheral target; however, on a fraction of trials after a delay, the monkeys were signaled to inhibit saccade initiation. With short delays between the presentation of the target and the signal to inhibit saccade generation, monkeys withheld saccades to the peripheral target. As the delay of the stop signal increased, monkeys increasingly failed to withhold the saccade. The hypothesis that the generation of the saccade is determined by a race between a go and a stop process provides three explicit means of estimating the covert latency of response to the stop signal. This latency, known as stop signal reaction time, was estimated to be on average 82 ms for both monkeys. Because the stop signal latency represents the time required to exert inhibitory control over saccade production, the countermanding paradigm will be useful for studying neural mechanisms that regulate saccade initiation.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: A Look at Established Paradigms

Background:The management of acute pancreatitis (AP) is still based on speculative and unproven paradigms in many centers. Therefore, we performed an evidence-based analysis to assess the best available treatment. Methods:A comprehensive Medline and Cochrane Library search was performed evaluating the indication and timing of interventional and surgical approaches, and the value of aprotinin, lexipafant, gabexate mesylate, and octreotide treatment. Each study was ranked according to the evidence-based methodology of Sackett; whenever feasible, we performed new meta-analyses using the random-effects model. Recommendations were based on the available level of evidence (A = large randomized; B = small randomized; C = prospective trial). Results:None of the evaluated medical treatments is recommended (level A). Patients with AP should receive early enteral nutrition (level B). While mild biliary AP is best treated by primary cholecystectomy (level B), patients with severe biliary AP require emergency endoscopic papillotomy followed by interval cholecystectomy (level A). Patients with necrotizing AP should receive imipenem or meropenem prophylaxis to decrease the risk of infected necrosis and mortality (level A). Sterile necrosis per se is not an indication for surgery (level C), and not all patients with infected necrosis require immediate surgery (level B). In general, early necrosectomy should be avoided (level B), and single necrosectomy with postoperative lavage should be preferred over “open-packing” because of fewer complications with comparable mortality rates (level C). Conclusions:While providing new insights into key aspects of AP management, this evidence-based analysis highlights the need for further clinical trials, particularly regarding the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis and surgery.
Variational problems on ows of di eomorphisms for image matching

A food plate package having a bottom plate and a top cover for the temporary storage of prepared food products, the top cover being convex-oval, with support ribs integrally formed in the cover. The support ribs provide a raised flat surface to stably support another food plate package when stacking one on top of the other. Channels are provided between the support ribs for an air space between adjacent packages when stacked and the subsequent dissipation of overly high temperatures in the central portion.
Computational Cost Reduction for Real-Time Schedulability Tests Algorithms

This paper focuses on reducing the computational cost of iterative algorithms used to evaluate the schedulability of Real-Time Systems. These algorithms calculate the worst case response time of each task. Through simulations it is found that the proposed new algorithm produces a significant reduction in the average temporal cost, reaching in some cases a reduction of O(n2) to O(n.log(n)), with respect to classical response time evaluation algorithms.
CARBON FOOTPRINT AND NIGERIAN BANKS: EXPLORING FACTORS OF GREEN COMPUTING ADOPTION IN DATA CENTERS

The growing concerns on environment sustainability, increasing fuel prices and climate change have made business and government organizations to incorporate the Green concepts in all areas. Carbon Footprint or Green Computing is an emerging research area in Information Technology field. As IT infrastructure is growing rapidly in Nigeria, it is evident that Nigerian Banks would face major issues with energy prices and e-waste. Increasing energy cost is already a major concern in business organizations in Nigeria. Hence, examining factors of Green Computing adoption in Data centers of Nigerian Banks. To achieve the objective a conceptual model based on literature was developed and four banks were selected for data collection. The results show that there is a high positive relationship between Green Computing adoption and technological factors, organizational factors and the external pressure.
Paléoincendies naturels, feux anthropiques et environnements forestiers de Guyane française du tardiglaciaire à l'Holocène récent : approches chronologique et anthracologique

Une synthese paleoecologique a ete realisee grace aux premieres etudes anthracologiques menees en contexte de foret equatoriale de guyane francaise. Cette nouvelle approche permet de saisir les dynamiques de vegetation depuis 13 000 ans, du tardiglaciaire a l'holocene recent. L'omnipresence de niveaux de charbons dans les sols a souleve certaines interrogations quant a la signification de ces macrorestes et a l'origine des feux dont ils sont issus. Les recherches anthracologiques s'inscrivent selon trois problematiques distinctes : paleoclimatique, palethnologique et paleoecologique. Les charbons sont consideres en qualite de revelateurs de phases d'incendies, marqueurs d'anthropisation et indicateurs d'anciennes vegetations. Les resultats ont prouve l'existence de dix phases d'incendies correlees aux changements climatiques globaux depuis la fin du dernier glaciaire : dryas moyen et recent, crise de l'holocene moyen, petits ages glaciaires, evenements paleoenso. Au cours des deux derniers millenaires, l'impact de l'agriculture itinerante sur brulis est ressenti aux travers des donnees archeologiques, soulignant la secondarisation de l'environnement des sites d'occupation. Les analyses anthracologiques permettent la reconstitution des paleovegetations et autorisent de nouvelles hypotheses concernant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et la repartition des refuges. Enfin, les interactions entre le climat, l'homme et la vegetation sont abordees au travers de l'histoire du feu dans la region des guyanes et notamment au travers d'une discussion sur certaines concordances chronologiques apparaissant entre les evenements climatiques et le comportement des populations amerindiennes (migrations, domestication). Ainsi par l'identification des perturbations majeures des environnements forestiers au cours des 13 000 dernieres annees, la mosaique actuelle du paysage est percue comme l'heritage de l'ensemble des transformations survenues dans le passe.
A Hybrid With Cross-Entropy Method and Sequential Quadratic Programming to Solve Economic Load Dispatch Problem

This paper presents a new hybrid approach integrating the cross-entropy (CE) algorithm and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique to solve the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem related to electrical power generating units. Due to the introduction of the valve-point effect in the ELD objective function, the optimization task requires tools appropriate for a nonconvex optimization landscape. In this respect, we employ the CE approach, which constructs a random sequence of solutions probabilistically converging to a near-optimal solution and, thus, facilitating the exploration capability. Additionally, to fine-tune the solution in promising basins of attraction, the SQP algorithm is invoked, which performs a local search. Despite its reliance on a global heuristic scheme, CE-SQP is vested with fast convergence capability, which may entail its use for online power dispatch. The effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method in comparison with several state-of-the-art approaches have been demonstrated with four standard test systems that are widely reported in the ELD literature.
Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome.

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular condition predisposing affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Patients with characteristic moyamoya vasculopathy plus associated conditions are categorized as having moyamoya syndrome. This review describes the demographic characteristics, pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment of moyamoya disease and syndrome.
Capacity, Cutoff Rate, and Coding for a Direct-Detection Optical Channel

It is shown that When Pierce's pulse-position modulation scheme with 2Lpositions is used on a self-noise-limited directdetection optical communication channel, there results a 2L-ary erasure channel that is equivalent to the parallel combination of L "completely correlated" binary erasure channels. The capacity of the full channel is the sum of the capacities of the component channels, but the cutoff rate of the full channel is shown to be much smaller than the sum of the cutoff rates. An interpretation of the cutoff rate is given that suggests a complexity advantage in coding separately on the component channels. It is shown that if short-constraint length convolutional codes with Viterbi decoders are used on the component channels, then the performance and complexity compare favorably with the Reed-Solomon coding system proposed by McEliece for the full channel. The reasons for this unexpectedly fine performance by the convolutional code system are explored in detail, as are various facets of the channel structure.
An Investigation into the Response of a Water Treatment System to Cyber Attacks

An experimental investigation was undertaken to understand the impact of single-point cyber attacks on a Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) system. Cyber attacks were launched on SWaT through its SCADA server that connects to the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) that in turn are connected to sensors and actuators. Attacks were designed to meet attacker objectives selected from a novel attacker model. Outcome of the experiments led to a better understanding of (a) the propagation of an attack across the system measured in terms of the number of components affected and (b) the behavior of the water treatment process in SWaT in response to the attacks. The observed response to various attacks was then used to propose attack detection mechanisms based on various physical properties measured during the treatment process.
Liverpool: A People's History

Preface page xi introduction page 1Chapter One the pool page 5Chapter Two fishing village page 21Chapter Three the crow's nest page 43Chapter Four the wonder of britain page 57Chapter Five georgian sea port page 73Chapter Six the wrongs of africa page 92Chapter Seven venice of the north page 107Chapter Eight signs of change page 126Chapter Nine riding on the railway page 147Chapter Ten passage to america page 164Chapter Eleven annals of the poor page 185Chapter Twelve gateway to the empire page 207Chapter Thirteen war and depression page 239Chapter Fourteen the mersey sound page 261Chapter Fifteen recession and progress page 278Chapter Sixteen the world in one city page 293 Liverpool street names page 314 Notes and references page 323 Further reading page 325 Index page 326 Picture acknowledgements page 340
Application of Model Predictive Control to Robust Management of Multiechelon Demand Networks in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Model predictive control (MPC) is presented as a robust, flexible decision framework for dynamically managing inventories and satisfying customer demand in demand networks. In this paper, a formulation and the benefits of an MPC-based, control-oriented tactical inventory management system meaningful to the semiconductor industry are presented via two significant examples. The translation of available information in the supply chain problem into MPC variables is demonstrated with a single-product, two-node supply chain example. Simulations demonstrating the ability of a properly tuned MPC control system to maintain performance and robustness despite plant-model mismatch are shown. Insights gained from these simulations are used to formulate a partially decentralized MPC implementation for a six-node, two-product, three-echelon demand network problem developed by Intel Corporation. These simulations show that the demand network is well managed under conditions that involve simultaneous demand forecast inaccuracies and plant-model mismatch.
Instrumentos de marketing aplicados a la compra de productos ecológicos: Un caso de estudio entre Barcelona, España y La Paz, México

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es aportar evidencia teorica y empirica en relacion a los instrumentos del marketing y la decision de compra ecologica. La metodologia que utilizamos fue la de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basado en las variables endogenas y exogenas que determinamos que influyen en la compra ecologica. Para contrastar nuestras hipotesis el estudio se realizo en dos ciudades: una ciudad del continente americano, La Paz, Mexico y otra del europeo, Barcelona, Espana. En conclusion, todas las medidas de ajuste de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, en general, indican que los modelos se ajustaron aceptablemente y entre las hipotesis contrastadas se distingue que en ambos modelos la relacion entre el ecoprecio y las emociones es significativa, sugiriendonos una manera de estimular la compra ecologica con base al valor emocional. Igualmente, se comprueba que el ecoproducto tiene un efecto positivo sobre la percepcion. Estamos convencidos que los resultados de este trabajo han de tener utilidad academica, cientifica y tambien para el sector empresarial ya que servira como apoyo para afrontar el segmento de mercado denominado consumidores ecologicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: marketing ecologico, compra ecologica, modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, instrumentos de marketing, consumidores ecologicos.
A mobile-health system to manage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients at home

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia and globally, and leads to a substantial burden on healthcare services. Effective and timely management of patients with COPD has been essential to alleviate COPD exacerbation, improve the quality of life, and consequently reduce the economic burden. To achieve this, a mobile and internet technologies assisted home care model (M-COPD) was developed to assist clinicians to remotely monitor and manage COPD conditions and events. This paper will focus on the technical aspect of M-COPD system by describing its setup and discussing how the M-COPD could address the clinical needs in monitoring and managing COPD conditions of patients at home.
Go Long! Predictors of Positive Relationship Outcomes in Long-Distance Dating Relationships

Little is known about long-distance dating relationships. This study aimed to investigate differences between long-distance dating relationships and geographically close relationships and to explore predictors of relationship quality. Participants were 474 women and 243 men in long-distance dating relationships and 314 women and 111 men in geographically close relationships. Few differences existed between long-distance dating relationships and geographically close relationships, while individual and relationship characteristics predicted relationship quality. These results indicate that individuals in long-distance dating relationships are not at a disadvantage and that relationship and individual characteristics predict relationship quality. This knowledge could be a powerful tool for helping those in long-distance dating relationships.
Design of tri-beam antenna systems

This paper presents design methods of tri-beam antenna systems. To produce a forward beam along antenna normal axis, 3×3 Butler matrix network with three directional couplers and four -90 degree phase shifters is proposed. When different input ports are excited, the proposed structure can produce three output signals with equal amplitude and the phase differences of -120 degree, 120 degree and 0 degree, respectively. For verifying the design concept, a tri-beam antenna system based on microstrip structure at 2GHz is proposed. The results indicate that the antenna array can produce -30 degree, 30 degree and 0 degree beam when different input ports are excited. A tri-beam slot antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) operating at 10GHz is designed and realized. The antenna array can produce tri-beam radiation performance with peak directions of -45 degree, 45 degree and 0 degree respectively.
Mining Opinion Targets from Text Documents: A Review

Opinion targets identification is an important task of the opinion mining problem. Several approaches have been employed for this task, which can be broadly divided into two major categories: supervised and unsupervised. The supervised approaches require training data, which need manual work and are mostly domain dependent. The unsupervised technique is most popularly used due to its two main advantages: domain independent and no need for training data. This paper presents a review of the state of the art unsupervised approaches for opinion target identification due to its potential applications in opinion mining from user discourse. This study compares the existing approaches that might be helpful in the future research work of opinion mining and features extraction.
A low-complexity scanned-array 3D IIR frequency-planar filter

We extend a 3D differential-operator-based filter architecture to a 3D IIR FPGA filter circuit implementation employing a recently proposed scanned-array method, which uses a single time-multiplexed A/D converter, resulting in the proposed low-complexity elemental predistorted scanned-array filter FPGA circuit. Test results confirm the low hardware complexity and the capability of operating in real-time over rectangular sensor arrays consisting of up to thousands of band-limited analog sensors. Cascaded connections of two frequency-planar filters are useful for implementing highly-selective 3D IIR beam plane-wave filters.