Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF SAMPLES FROM TANK 16H ANNULUS

In support of the closure of Tank 16H, the remaining waste material in the tank annulus must be removed. Samples of the waste material from Tank 16H annulus were obtained and sent to Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to determine the chemical and radiochemical composition prior to further waste removal. The three samples obtained from the Tank 16H annulus show some similarity as to the types of mineral phases present in the materials but differ in the relative amounts of each phase present. The samples from outside the dehumidification duct at two locations in the annulus show very different compositions and estimated solubility in water. This indicates the waste material in Tank 16H annulus may have a wide range of compositions at different locations. The table below provides a simplified description of the composition of each sample. The limited characterization techniques conducted and the complex mixture of materials in each sample makes assigning a definitive composition for each sample difficult. Given the variability in composition with just the three small samples characterized, a more detailed description of any single sample may be of limited value.
Graph cut method for automatic tumor detection in prediction based reconstructed MR image

Among the different types of tumor in human body, brain tumor is one of the most life-threatening diseases and it should be detected accurately in early stage for proper treatment. Recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is found to be efficient in detecting tumor as it does not need any opening on the human body. Presence of tumor in brain may be detected by segmenting the captured MR images. Tumor segmentation, however, is performed manually by radiologists which is a time consuming and also a subjective process. Furthermore, presence of the radiologists in a distant location often needs transmission over a radio mobile channel for which a high bandwidth is required. Keeping these in mind, in this work, an efficient low bandwidth transmission of the captured MRI brain images followed by its reconstruction and graph cut based automatic segmentation of the tumor is proposed. Compressed sensing (CS) is used to offer the facility of low bandwidth transmission. Extensive simulation results are also shown for reconstructed images followed by segmentation results.
The effect of autocorrelation on the performance of MEWMA control chart with controlled correlation

Control charts are made to identify assignable causes of difference that could exist in production processes. When traditional control charts are utilized you have the implied presumption that this observations are independently and identically distributed as time passes. It is usually believed the probability distribution which represents the actual observations includes a known functional form and it is constant as time passes. Nevertheless, in reality, observations produced through continuous in addition to discrete generation procedures in many cases are serially correlated. Auto correlation not just breaks the actual independence assumption of conventional control charts, but also can impact the efficiency associated with control charts negatively. In this article, we are going to investigate the result associated with autocorrelation around the performance of MEWMA control chart, in which autocorrelated data were utilized to create the MEWMA chart with induced autocorrelation from various levels of correlations (small, moderate as well as large) and different sample sizes. Simulations had been done to create the data set used to construct the MEWMA control chart and the outcomes implies that all of the control charts constructed had their points outside the designed control limits, that confirmed the effect of autocorrelation to the performance of the MEWMA control chart.
Thickness and index measurements of a transparent specimen by full-field optical coherence microscopy

We present the method measuring the thickness and the refractive index of a transparent specimen at a same time based on full-field optical coherence tomography. As a sample a small drop of epoxy was placed on a flat plate and the high-resolution depth resolved en-face images of the epoxy drop were taken. With adopting the plate surface as a reference plane, the physical thickness and the refractive index distribution could be obtained. Owing to the full-field imaging capability, we could obtain the transverse distributions of the thickness and the refractive index without any transverse scanning. The measured thickness at the center of the sample was 24 μm and the average index was 1.4055 with the standard deviation of 0.0002.
Using the RRT algorithm to optimize classification systems for handwritten digits and letters

Multi-objective genetic algorithms have been often used to optimize classification systems, but little is discussed on their computational cost to solve such problems. This paper optimizes a classification system with an annealing based approach, the Record-to-Record Travel algorithm. Results obtained are compared to those obtained with a multi-objective genetic algorithm in the same approach. Experiments are performed with isolated handwritten digits and uppercase letters, demonstrating both the effectiveness and lower computational cost of the annealing based approach.
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Disulfides for Chemoresistive Gas Sensing: Perspective and Challenges

Transition metal disulfides have been attracting significant attentions in recent years. There are extensive applications of transition metal disulfides, especially on gas sensing applications, due to their large specific surface-to-volume ratios, high sensitivity to adsorption of gas molecules and tunable surface functionality depending on the decoration species or functional groups. However, there are several drawbacks such as poor gas selectivity, sluggish recovery characteristics and difficulty in the fabrication of large-scale devices. Here, we provide a review of recent progress on the chemoresistive gas sensing properties of two-dimensional transition metal disulfides. This review also provides various methods to enhance the gas sensing performance of two-dimensional disulfides, such as surface functionalization, decoration receptor functions and developing nanostructures.
Abca12-mediated lipid transport and Snap29-dependent trafficking of lamellar granules are crucial for epidermal morphogenesis in a zebrafish model of ichthyosis

SUMMARY Zebrafish (Danio rerio) can serve as a model system to study heritable skin diseases. The skin is rapidly developed during the first 5–6 days of embryonic growth, accompanied by expression of skin-specific genes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of wild-type zebrafish at day 5 reveals a two-cell-layer epidermis separated from the underlying collagenous stroma by a basement membrane with fully developed hemidesmosomes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals an ordered surface contour of keratinocytes with discrete microridges. To gain insight into epidermal morphogenesis, we have employed morpholino-mediated knockdown of the abca12 and snap29 genes, which are crucial for secretion of lipids and intracellular trafficking of lamellar granules, respectively. Morpholinos, when placed on exon-intron junctions, were >90% effective in preventing the corresponding gene expression when injected into one- to four-cell-stage embryos. By day 3, TEM of abca12 morphants showed accumulation of lipid-containing electron-dense lamellar granules, whereas snap29 morphants showed the presence of apparently empty vesicles in the epidermis. Evaluation of epidermal morphogenesis by SEM revealed similar perturbations in both cases in the microridge architecture and the development of spicule-like protrusions on the surface of keratinocytes. These morphological findings are akin to epidermal changes in harlequin ichthyosis and CEDNIK syndrome, autosomal recessive keratinization disorders due to mutations in the ABCA12 and SNAP29 genes, respectively. The results indicate that interference of independent pathways involving lipid transport in the epidermis can result in phenotypically similar perturbations in epidermal morphogenesis, and that these fish mutants can serve as a model to study the pathomechanisms of these keratinization disorders.
A Rate-Distortion Based Comparison of Media-Dependent FEC and MDC for Real-Time Audio

Applications that require low loss probabilities in today's Internet have to employ some end-to-end error-recovery mechanism. For interactive applications with strict delay constraints, the delay introduced by the applied schemes has to be low as well. In this paper we compare two schemes proposed for error recovery for real-time audio applications: media-dependent forward error correction (MD-FEC) and multiple description coding (MDC). We conclude that MDC always performs better than MD-FEC, and that the stationary loss probability plays a key role in the choice of the optimal parameters for these schemes. Combining the analytical results with the loss characteristics of measured traces of VoIP calls we conclude that in the current Internet these schemes give considerable gains for streams with a high code rate only, and for these streams MDC can decrease the average distortion significantly better than MD-FEC.
Taking AR into large scale industrial environments: navigation and information access with mobile computers

This paper presents a framework of applications based on AR technologies. This framework is designed for spatial data access, on-site navigation, as well as real-time video augmentation, and is applicable to different scenarios in large industrial settings. In the core of our framework lies a mobile computer equipped with a camera. The camera observes the environment for visual coded markers. These markers are registered to a global coordinate system through available drawings or floor plans. The tracker software processes images coming from the camera at moderate frame rates (typically 12 fps) and estimates the location of the user. The system then can guide the user through the environment, provide the user with location relevant data from a spatial database, and augment the view of the user through the camera. Data exchange is done via a wireless network and the user interface allows the user to access various types of data without considerable effort.
Secure reconfiguration of software-defined radio

Software-defined radio (SDR) implements a radio system in software that executes on a programmable processor. The components of SDR, such as the filters, amplifiers, and modulators, can be easily reconfigured to adapt to the operating environment and user preferences. However, the flexibility of radio reconfiguration brings along the serious security concern of malicious modification of software in the SDR system, leading to radio malfunction and interference with other users' communications. Both the SDR device and the network need to be protected from such malicious radio reconfiguration. In this article, a new architecture targeted at protecting SDR devices from malicious reconfiguration is proposed. The architecture is based on robust separation of the radio operation environment and user application environment, through the use of virtualization. A new radio middleware layer is designed to securely intercept all attempts to reconfigure the radio, and a security policy monitor checks the target configuration against security policies that represent the interests of various parties. Even if the operating system in the user application environment is compromised, the proposed architecture can ensure secure reconfiguration in the radio operation environment. We have prototyped the proposed secure SDR architecture using VMware and the GNU Radio toolkit and demonstrate that overheads incurred by the architecture are small and tolerable. Therefore, we believe that the proposed solution could be applied to address secure SDR reconfiguration in both general-purpose and embedded computing systems.
Overview of spatial channel models for antenna array communication systems

Spatial antenna diversity has been important in improving the radio link between wireless users. Historically, microscopic antenna diversity has been used to reduce the fading seen by a radio receiver, whereas macroscopic diversity provides multiple listening posts to ensure that mobile communication links remain intact over a wide geographic area. In later years, the concepts of spatial diversity have been expanded to build foundations for emerging technologies, such as smart (adaptive) antennas and position location systems. Smart antennas hold great promise for increasing the capacity of wireless communications because they radiate and receive energy only in the intended directions, thereby greatly reducing interference. To properly design, analyze, and implement smart antennas and to exploit spatial processing in emerging wireless systems, accurate radio channel models that incorporate spatial characteristics are necessary. In this tutorial, we review the key concepts in spatial channel modeling and present emerging approaches. We also review the research issues in developing and using spatial channel models for adaptive antennas.
Dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor deficits in Caenorhabditis elegans overexpressing human α‐synuclein

Overexpression of human α‐synuclein in model systems, including cultured neurons, drosophila and mice, leads to biochemical and pathological changes that mimic synucleopathies including Parkinson's disease. We have overexpressed both wild‐type (WT) and mutant alanine53→threonine (A53T) human α‐synuclein by transgenic injection into Caenorhabditis elegans. Motor deficits were observed when either WT or A53T α‐synuclein was overexpressed with a pan‐neuronal or motor neuron promoter. Neuronal and dendritic loss were accelerated in all three sets of C. elegans dopaminergic neurons when human α‐synuclein was overexpressed under the control of a dopaminergic neuron or pan‐neuronal promoter, but not with a motor neuron promoter. There were no significant differences in neuronal loss between overexpressed WT and A53T forms or between worms of different ages (4 days, 10 days or 2 weeks). These results demonstrate neuronal and behavioral perturbations elicited by human α‐synuclein in C. elegans that are dependent upon expression in specific neuron subtypes. This transgenic model in C. elegans, an invertebrate organism with excellent experimental resources for further genetic manipulation, may help facilitate dissection of pathophysiologic mechanisms of various synucleopathies.
Versatile and enhanced tumour modelling in mice via somatic cell transduction

Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of cancer currently comprise the most accurate way to experimentally recapitulate the human disease in the laboratory. Given recent advances in genomics and genetic screens, however, as well as an increasing urgency for the translation of effective preclinical treatments into the clinic, there is a pressing need to make these models easier and more efficient to work with. Accordingly, we have developed a versatile lentivirus‐based approach to induce tumours from somatic cells of GEMs, add or subtract gene expression and render the tumours imageable from a simple breeding stock. The vectors deliver a tamoxifen‐inducible and self‐inactivating Cre recombinase, conditional bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins and an shRNA component. Following the transduction of somatic cells, tumours are initiated by Cre‐mediated recombination of the inherited floxed alleles. Self‐inactivation of Cre expression switches on the expression of luciferase, thereby rendering the recombined cells and resulting tumours bioluminescent. We demonstrate proof of concept of this approach by inducing bioluminescent lung tumours in conditional Kras and p53 mice. We also show that a variant vector expressing shRNA alters tumour growth dynamics and the histological grade associated with the inherited genotype. This approach comprises a versatile means to induce imageable and spontaneous tumour burden in mice. The vectors can be readily customized at the bench to modify reporter readout or tumour phenotype without additional transgenic strain development or breeding. They should also be useful for inducing imageable tumours in organs other than the lung, provided that the inherited conditional genotype is sufficiently penetrant. © 2013 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Calibration of the OLFAR space-based radio telescope using an alternating least squares approach

Radio astronomy below 30 MHz has never been properly performed because the ionosphere inhibits this on Earth. The Orbiting Low-Frequency Antennas for Radio Astronomy (OLFAR) project aims to build a radio telescope consisting of 50 or more nano-satellites in space, forming a swarm-like array. The observational antenna systems need to be calibrated to successfully detect astronomical signals. However, a satellite swarm presents a unique calibration challenge, which is outlined in this paper. An approach is proposed for the calibration of several important system parameters, based on alternating least squares (ALS). In the proposed method, polarization is taken into account without the common simplifications, such as only considering fully linear polarization, and a good convergence rate is achieved. For validation, Monte Carlo simulations are compared with the Cramer-Rao bound.
Products, developers, and milestones: how should I build my N-Gram language model

Recent work has shown that although programming languages enable source code to be rich and complex, most code tends to be repetitive and predictable. The use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques applied to source code such as n-gram language models show great promise in areas such as code completion, aiding impaired developers, and code search. In this paper, we address three questions related to different methods of constructing language models in an industrial context. Specifically, we ask: (1) Do application specific, but smaller language models perform better than language models across applications? (2) Are developer specific language models effective and do they differ depending on what parts of the codebase a developer is working in? (3) Finally, do language models change over time, i.e., does a language model from early development model change later on in development? The answers to these questions enable techniques that make use of programming language models in development to choose the model training corpus more effectively. We evaluate these questions by building 28 language models across developers, time periods, and applications within Microsoft Office and present the results in this paper. We find that developer and application specific language models perform better than models from the entire codebase, but that temporality has little to no effect on language model performance.
Pax 3 is required for cardiac neural crest migration in the mouse : evidence from the splotch ( Sp 2 H ) mutant

Neural crest cells originating in the occipital region of the avian embryo are known to play a vital role in formation of the septum of the cardiac outflow tract and to contribute cells to the aortic arches, thymus, thyroid and parathyroids. This ‘cardiac’ neural crest sub-population is assumed to exist in mammals, but without direct evidence. In this paper we demonstrate, using RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation, that Pax3 expression can serve as a marker of cardiac neural crest cells in the mouse embryo. Cells of this lineage were traced from the occipital neural tube, via branchial arches 3, 4 and 6, into the aortic sac and aortopulmonary outflow tract. Confirmation that these Pax3positive cells are indeed cardiac neural crest is provided by experiments in which hearts were deprived of a source of colonising neural crest, by organ culture in vitro, with consequent lack of up-regulation of Pax3. Occipital neural crest cell outgrowths in vitro were also shown to express Pax3. Mutation of Pax3, as occurs in the splotch (Sp2H) mouse, results in development of conotruncal heart defects including persistent truncus arteriosus. Homozygotes also exhibit defects of the aortic arches, thymus, thyroid and parathyroids. Pax3-positive neural crest cells were found to emigrate from the occipital neural tube of Sp2H/Sp2H embryos in a relatively normal fashion, but there was a marked deficiency or absence of neural crest cells traversing branchial arches 3, 4 and 6, and entering the cardiac outflow tract. This decreased expression of Pax3 in Sp2H/Sp2H embryos was not due to down-regulation of Pax3 in neural crest cells, as use of independent neural crest markers, Hoxa-3, CrabpI, Prx1, Prx2 and c-met also revealed a deficiency of migrating cardiac neural crest cells in homozygous embryos. This work demonstrates the essential role of the cardiac neural crest in formation of the heart and great vessels in the mouse and, furthermore, shows that Pax3 function is required for the cardiac neural crest to complete its migration to the developing heart.
Practical Model of Low-Volume Paddling-Based Sprint Interval Training Improves Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances in Professional Female Canoe Polo Athletes

Abstract Sheykhlouvand, M, Khalili, E, Gharaat, M, Arazi, H, Khalafi, M, and Tarverdizadeh, B. Practical model of low-volume paddling-based sprint interval training improves aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional female canoe polo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2375–2382, 2018—Brief, intense exercise training using running and cycling as exercise interventions may induce aerobic and anaerobic adaptations in athletes from a wide range of sports. However, this has not been studied extensively for those sports in which the upper body is predominantly involved. Our purpose was to examine the effects of kayak paddling–based sprint interval training (SIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic performance. Sixteen professional female canoe polo athletes (age = 27.6 ± 1.9 years; height = 165.7 ± 5.2 cm; body mass = 62.6 ± 8.5 kg; body mass index = 22.8 kg·m−2; body fat = 23.8 ± 4.9%) were randomized to either an intense exercise training consisting of sets of 5 × 5-second maximum sprint efforts interspersed by a 10-second recovery between each sprint (3, 4, 5, and 6 sets/session from first to fourth week, respectively, with 3 minutes of rest between each set), performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks (n = 8), or a usual training control group (n = 8). Before and after the training period, aerobic and anaerobic measurements were assessed using a kayak specific test and Wingate protocol, respectively. Training increased V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, O2 pulse, anaerobic threshold, peak, and mean power output in the SIT group compared with the control group (p ⩽ 0.05) who showed no changes in these variables when tested 4 weeks apart without SIT. Paddling-based SIT was a potent stimulus and time-efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional female canoe polo athletes who can use this training method to achieve fitness in a short period.
Multiscale Computational Model of Nitride Semiconductor Nanostructures

Theoretical multiscale model of nitride semiconductor nanostructure is proposed. The model combines various computational methods such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo. As a first step of implementation of proposed approach ab initio calculations of structural and electronic properties of two different structures InN/Si and AlN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures were carried out. In particular, the influence of oxygen on InN/Si adhesion energy was studied. AlN, GaN, AlxGa1-xN (x=0.33) spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations as well as sheet carrier concentrations at GaN/AlGaN interface were calculated. Obtained value for sheet carrier concentration at GaN/AlGaN interface is close to experimental data.