Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near Linear Time Detection of Distance-Based Outliers and Applications to Security

Many automated systems for detecting threats are based on matching a new database record to known attack types. However, this approach can only spot known threats and thus researchers have also begun to use unsupervised approaches based on detecting outliers or anomalous examples. A popular method of finding these outliers is to use the distance to an example’s k nearest neighbors as a measure of unusualness. However, existing algorithms for finding distance-based outliers have poor scaling properties, making it difficult to apply them to large datasets typically available in security domains. In this paper, we propose modifications to a simple, but quadratic, algorithm for finding distance-based outliers, and show that it achieves near linear time scaling allowing it to be applied to real data sets with millions of examples and many features.
In Situ Generated Cobalt Catalyst for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines into Imines

An in situ formed cobalt catalyst is developed from cobalt(II)bromide, bis[2‐(diisopropylphosphino)‐4‐methylphenyl]amine and zinc metal. The catalyst mediates the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines into imines with the release of hydrogen gas and the transformation is applied to the synthesis of a variety of imines from different alcohols and amines. The mechanism is investigated with labelled substrates and based on the results a cobalt(I) PNP complex is believed to be the catalytically active species which abstracts hydrogen gas from the alcohol through a metal ligand bifunctional pathway.
High performance photonic reservoir computer based on a coherently driven passive cavity

Reservoir computing is a recent bio-inspired approach for processing time-dependent signals. It has enabled a breakthrough in analog information processing, with several experiments, both electronic and optical, demonstrating state-of-the-art performances for hard tasks such as speech recognition, time series prediction and nonlinear channel equalization. A proof-of-principle experiment using a linear optical circuit on a photonic chip to process digital signals was recently reported. Here we present a photonic implementation of a reservoir computer based on a coherently driven passive fiber cavity processing analog signals. Our experiment has error rate as low or lower than previous experiments on a wide variety of tasks, and also has lower power consumption. Furthermore, the analytical model describing our experiment is also of interest, as it constitutes a very simple high performance reservoir computer algorithm. The present experiment, given its good performances, low energy consumption and conceptual simplicity, confirms the great potential of photonic reservoir computing for information processing applications ranging from artificial intelligence to telecommunications
A second origin of DNA plus-strand synthesis is required for optimal human immunodeficiency virus replication

We recently reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) unintegrated linear DNA displays a discontinuity in its plus strand, precisely defined by a second copy of the polypurine tract (PPT) located near the middle of the genome (P. Charneau and F. Clavel, J. Virol. 65:2415-2421, 1991). This central PPT appears to determine a second initiation site for retrovirus DNA plus-strand synthesis. We show here that mutations replacing purines by pyrimidines in the HIV-1 central PPT, which do not modify the overlapping amino acid sequence, are able to significantly slow down viral growth as they reduce plus-strand origin at the center of the genome. One of these mutations, introducing four pyrimidines, results in a 2-week delay in viral growth in CEM cells and abolishes plus-strand origin at the central PPT. The introduction in this mutant of a wild-type copy of the PPT at a different site creates a new plus-strand origin at that site. This new origin also determines the end of the upstream plus-strand segment, probably as a consequence of limited strand displacement-synthesis. Our findings further demonstrate the role of PPTs as initiation sites for the synthesis of the retroviral DNA plus strand and demonstrate the importance of a second such origin for efficient HIV replication in vitro.
Overlapping Community Detection Using NVPA

In this paper we propose two algorithms for overlapping community detection based on neighborhood vector propagation algorithm(NVPA), a community detection algorithm which can detect disjoint communities with high accuracy. The first algorithm is named Link Partition of Overlapping Communities (LPOC). In this algorithm, we first convert a node graph to a link graph, then we use NVPA to find the communities on the link graph. After converting link communities back to node communities, overlapping nodes are filtered to decide whether they belong to multiple clusters or not. This algorithm retains the high accuracy of NVPA, and overcomes the drawback of link clustering which typically produces too many overlapping vertices. The LPOC algorithm relies on link graph clustering which has a high computing complexity. To overcome this, we propose another algorithm named candidate overlapping nodes screening(CONS) algorithm, which uses NVPA on node graph to find non-overlapping communities, then we design a quality function and a screening method to identify nodes that really connect multiple communities. We evaluated these two algorithms on both LFR benchmarks and real-world networks, and compare with several other approaches. Results show that our algorithms have high accuracy, and perform much better than many other algorithms in terms of partition density, modularity and WAC value.
Topic Transition Strategies for an Information-Giving Agent

We have explored how a conversational agent can introduce a selected topic in an ongoing non-task oriented interaction with a user, where the selected topic has little to do with the current topic. Based on the reasoning process of the agent we have constructed a set of transition strategies to introduce the new topic. We tested the effects of each of these strategies on the perception of the dialogue and the agent.
ATOM: Automatic Maintenance of GUI Test Scripts for Evolving Mobile Applications

The importance of regression testing in assuring the integrity of a program after changes is well recognized. One major obstacle in practicing regression testing is in maintaining tests that become obsolete due to evolved program behavior or specification. For mobile apps, the problem of maintaining obsolete GUI test scripts for regression testing is even more pressing. Mobile apps rely heavily on the correct functioning of their GUIs to compete on the market and provide good user experiences. But on the one hand, GUI tests break easily when changes happen to the GUI, On the other hand, mobile app developers often need to fight for a tight feedback loop and are left with limited time for test maintenance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called ATOM, to automatically maintain GUI test scripts of mobile apps for regression testing. ATOM uses an event sequence model to abstract possible event sequences on a GUI and a delta ESM to abstract the changes made to the GUI. Given both models as input, ATOM automatically updates the test scripts written for a base version app to reflect the changes. In an experiment with 22 versions from 11 production Android apps, ATOM updated all the test scripts affected by the version change, the updated scripts achieve over 80% of the coverage by the original scripts on the base version app, all except one set of updated scripts preserve over 60% of the actions in the original test scripts.
Effect of vitamin A on acid and alkaline phosphatase activities during tail regeneration in the tadpoles of the Asian toad

Anuran amphibians have the potential to restore their lost tail by regeneration, although, unlike urodeles their regeneration capacity is restricted to larval stages. Application of vitamin A or retinoids to tail amputated tadpoles causes abnormal tai l regeneration and subsequently leads to development of ectopic organs (limbs and pelvic girdles) at the site of the tail, a phenomenon widely known as homeotic transformation. The present study focuses on the effect of different doses of vitamin A on acid and alkaline phosphatase activities during tail regeneration in the tadpoles of Asian toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus , a potential model for regeneration studies from Indian context. Application of vitamin A markedly increases the activity of both the phosphatases. Further, a comparatively higher dose of the vitamin leads to greater increase in activities of both phosphatases. A high level of both the enzymes in vitamin A treated regenerates suggests that the enzymes play an important role during abn ormal tail regeneration, a prerequisite for ectopic organ formation.
A New Distributed Intrusion Detection Model Based on Immune Mobile Agent

The development direction of intrusion detection system is intelligent and distributed in future. However, current distributed intrusion detection system mostly uses distributed component to collect data then sent to processing center. Data is analyzed in the processing center. These models have the following problems: bad real time capability, bottleneck, and single point of failure. In order to overcome these shortcomings of current intrusion detection techniques, a new distributed intrusion detection model based on mobile agent is proposed in this paper. Intelligent and mobile characteristics of the agent are used to make computing move to data. As mobile agent can only improve the structure of system and can not supply fundamental new detecting techniques, improved dynamic clonal selection algorithm and collaborative signal mechanism are adopted for reducing false positive rate and increasing detection rate in this paper. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm were simulated by KDD’99 datasets. Comparing with winning entry of KDD’99 classifier learning contest, the proposed model has low false positive rate and higher detection rate in both Dos and Probing attacks, and greatly higher detection rate in U2R attack. Robustness and dynamic adaptability of the system are validated.
Evaluation of canal transportation after preparation with Reciproc single-file systems with or without glide path files

Background: Canal transportation is a common sequel caused by rotary instruments. Aims: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the degree of transportation after the use of Reciproc single-file instruments with or without glide path files. Methods: Thirty resin blocks with L-shaped canals were divided into three groups (n = 10). Group 1 - canals were prepared with Reciproc-25 file. Group 2 - glide path file-G1 was used before Reciproc. Group 3 - glide path files-G1 and G2 were used before Reciproc. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed under microscope, and resin removed from the inner and outer surfaces of the root canal was calculated throughout 10 points. Results: Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc Dunn test. For coronal and middle one-thirds, there was no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). For apical section, transportation of Group 1 was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Using glide path files before Reciproc single-file system reduced the degree of apical canal transportation.
Development of VTOL UAV with Module for Direction Finding

SCOPUS Indexed Journal editor@tjprc.org DEVELOPMENT OF VTOL UAV WITH MODULE FOR DIRECTION F INDING KYOUNG-MOO MIN , FOONG-YI CHIA 2 & BONG-HWAN KIM 3 Graduate School, Department of Automotive Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Korea R&D Center, SAMCO, Sacheon, Korea Department of Automotive Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Korea ABSTRACT
Understanding of Organizational Intention to Distributed Work Adoption

The objective of this paper is to provide an integrative framework for DWA adoption. In this article, we try to understand the concerns of organizational decision makers more comprehensively from an economical view using transaction cost theory, from an intraorganizational (corporational) and extra-organizational (industrial) view using institutional theory. The possible significance of this research is to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between the economical and organizational factors that could affect the adoption of mobile communications and the new ways of working. Practical recommendations for practitioners, especially policy makers and top executives, are also provided to assess the opportunities and needs to assimilate such an innovation.
Mercury : Supporting Scalable Multi-Attribute Range

This paper presents the design of Mercury, a scalable protocol for supporting multi-attribute range-based searches. Mercury differs from previous range-based query systems in that it supports multiple attributes as well as performs explicit load balancing. To guarantee efficient routing and load balancing, Mercury uses novel light-weight sampling mechanisms for uniformly sampling random nodes in a highly dynamic overlay network. Our evaluation shows that Mercury is able to achieve its goals of logarithmic-hop routing and near-uniform load balancing. We also show that Mercury can be used to solve a key problem for an important class of distributed applications: distributed state maintenance for distributed games. We show that the Mercury-based solution is easy to use, and that it reduces the game’s messaging overheard significantly compared to a näıve approach.
Functional Gaussian Approximation for Dependent Structures

This book has its origin in the need for developing and analyzing mathematical models for phenomena that evolve in time and influence each another, and aims at a better understanding of the structure and asymptotic behavior of stochastic processes. This monograph has double scope. First, to present tools for dealing with dependent structures directed toward obtaining normal approximations. Second, to apply the normal approximations presented in the book to various examples. The main tools consist of inequalities for dependent sequences of random variables, leading to limit theorems, including the functional central limit theorem (CLT) and functional moderate deviation principle (MDP). The results will point out large classes of dependent random variables which satisfy invariance principles, making possible the statistical study of data coming from stochastic processes both with short and long memory. Over the course of the book different types of dependence structures are considered, ranging from the traditional mixing structures to martingale-like structures and to weakly negatively dependent structures, which link the notion of mixing to the notions of association and negative dependence. Several applications have been carefully selected to exhibit the importance of the theoretical results. They include random walks in random scenery and determinantal processes. In addition, due to their importance in analyzing new data in economics, linear processes with dependent innovations will also be considered and analyzed.
Enzyme economy in metabolic networks

Metabolic systems are governed by a compromise between metabolic benefit and enzyme cost. This hypothesis and its consequences can be studied by kinetic models in which enzyme profiles are chosen by optimality principles. In enzyme-optimal states, active enzymes must provide benefits: a higher enzyme level must provide a metabolic benefit to justify the additional enzyme cost. This entails general relations between metabolic fluxes, reaction elasticities, and enzyme costs, the laws of metabolic economics. The laws can be formulated using economic potentials and loads, state variables that quantify how metabolites, reactions, and enzymes affect the metabolic performance in a steady state. Economic balance equations link them to fluxes, reaction elasticities, and enzyme levels locally in the network. Economically feasible fluxes must be free of futile cycles and must lead from lower to higher economic potentials, just like thermodynamics makes them lead from higher to lower chemical potentials. Metabolic economics provides algebraic conditions for economical fluxes, which are independent of the underlying kinetic models. It justifies and extends the principle of minimal fluxes and shows how to construct kinetic models in enzyme-optimal states, where all enzymes have a positive influence on the metabolic performance.
Impact of Environmental Dynamics on Economic Evolution: Uncertainty, Risk Aversion, and Policy

The general question of how environmental dynamics affect the behavioral interaction in an evolutionary economy is considered. To this end, a basic model of a dynamic multi-sector economy is developed where the evolution of investment strategies depends on the diversity of investment strategies, social connectivity and relative contribution of sector specific investments to production. Four types of environmental dynamics are examined that differ in how gradual and how frequent environmental change occurs. Numerical analysis shows how the socially optimal level of diversity increases with the frequency and rapidity of the changes. When there is uncertainty about which type of environmental dynamics will prevail, the socially optimal level of diversity increases with the degree of risk aversion of the policy maker or the society.
Guidelines for therapy and optimal dosages of coagulation factors for treatment of bleeding and surgery in haemophilia

1. Episodes of bleeding in people with haemophilia require replacement therapy. 2. An accurate diagnosis of the type of bleeding disorder and knowledge of the baseline levels of factor VIII and factor IX are essential. 3. Factor therapy must be administered promptly in doses adequate to control bleeding and continued for sufficient duration to ensure that haemostasis or wound healing is complete. 4. Any interventive procedure or invasive dental treatment in haemophilia must be covered with factor replacement therapy. 5. The presence of an inhibitor must be excluded before undertaking any surgery or dentistry in people with haemophilia. 6. Elective surgery or even emergency surgery should only be undertaken if adequate supplies of factor replacement are available for a full course of prophylactic treatment.
Conceptual and Linguistic Representations of Kinds and Classes

We investigate the hypothesis that our conceptual systems provide two formally distinct ways of representing categories by investigating the manner in which lexical nominals (e.g., tree, picnic table) and phrasal nominals (e.g., black bird, birds that like rice) are interpreted. Four experiments found that lexical nominals may be mapped onto kind representations, whereas phrasal nominals map onto class representations but not kind representations. Experiment 1 found that phrasal nominals, unlike lexical nominals, are mapped onto categories whose members need not be of a single kind. Experiments 2 and 3 found that categories named by lexical nominals enter into both class inclusion and kind hierarchies and thus support both class inclusion (is a) and kind specification (kind of) relations, whereas phrasal nominals map onto class representations which support only class inclusion relations. Experiment 4 showed that the two types of nominals represent hierarchical relations in different ways. Phrasal nominals (e.g., white bear) are mapped onto classes that have criteria of membership in addition to those specified by the class picked out by the head noun of the phrase (e.g., bear). In contrast, lexical nominals (e.g., polar bear) specify one way to meet the criteria specified by the more general kind concept (e.g., bear). Implications for the language-conceptual system interface, representation of hierarchical relations, lexicalization, and theories of conceptual combination are discussed.
Phosphatidylserine Is Not the Cell Surface Receptor for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

ABSTRACT The envelope protein from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has become an important tool for gene transfer and gene therapy. It is widely used mainly because of its ability to mediate virus entry into all cell types tested to date. Consistent with the broad tropism of the virus, the receptor for VSV is thought to be a ubiquitous membrane lipid, phosphatidylserine (PS). However, the evidence for this hypothesis is indirect and incomplete. Here, we have examined the potential interaction of VSV and PS at the plasma membrane in more detail. Measurements of cell surface levels of PS show a wide range across cell types from different organisms. We demonstrate that there is no correlation between the cell surface PS levels and VSV infection or binding. We also demonstrate that an excess of annexin V, which binds specifically and tightly to PS, does not inhibit infection or binding by VSV. While the addition of PS to cells does allow increased virus entry, we show that this effect is not specific to the VSV envelope. We conclude that PS is not the cell surface receptor for VSV, although it may be involved in a postbinding step of virus entry.
A Generalized Random Mobility Model for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and Its Analysis: One-Dimensional Case

In wireless ad hoc networks, the ability to analytically characterize the spatial distribution of terminals plays a key role in understanding fundamental network QoS measures such as throughput per source to destination pair, probability of successful transmission, and connectivity. Consequently, mobility models that are general enough to capture the major characteristics of a realistic movement profile, and yet are simple enough to formulate its long-run behavior, are highly desirable. We propose a generalized random mobility model capable of capturing several mobility scenarios and give a mathematical framework for its exact analysis over one-dimensional mobility terrains. The model provides the flexibility to capture hotspots where mobiles accumulate with higher probability and spend more time. The selection process of hotspots is random and correlations between the consecutive hotspot decisions are successfully modeled. Furthermore, the times spent at the destinations can be dependent on the location of destination point, the speed of movement can be a function of distance that is being traveled, and the acceleration characteristics of vehicles can be incorporated into the model. Our solution framework formulates the model as a semi-Markov process using a special discretization technique. We provide long-run location and speed distributions by closed-form expressions for one-dimensional regions (e.g., a highway).