Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The repair of articular surfaces following arthroplasty of the hip.

Fig. 1 (Left) Kodachrome photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the articular surface of the femoral head (longitude lines) from an autopsy specimen of the hip of a 70-year-old man. The cartilage cells in the deep layers are large and surrounded by spherical area of matrix rich in metachromatic staining azurophilic ground substance. The cartilage cells in the surface layer are small and flattened, and there is very much less ground substance and very much more fibrous material between them. (Hematoxylin = eosin and Azure II stain.) (Right) Kodachrome photomicrograph of a serial section of the same specimen shown on the left. There are large bundles of blackened fibers passing vertically and diagonally between the large cartilage cells of the deep layer. The surface layer consists of a dense matting or shell composed of argyrophilic fibers and small flat cells. The larger masses of cells surrounded by blue-staining capsules of matrix are the chondrones. This arrangement of chondrones and the fibers resembles the structure of an automobile tire, in which the cells serve as the rubber and the fibers serve as the cord. (Wilder’s stain.) (Reprinted with permission from Urist MR. The repair of articular surfaces following arthroplasty of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1958;12:209–229.). The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons 2008
Gambling and Problem Behavior Among 14- to 16-Year-Old Boys and Girls in Finland

The aim of this study is to examine the associations between problem behavior and gambling frequency among eighth- and ninth-grade boys and girls ( N = 101,167). Data were obtained from the cross-sectional School Health Promotion Study. Outcome measures were adolescents' truancy, bullying, delinquency, and substance use. Polychotomous logistic regression analyses were used to study the relationship between gambling frequency and risk behaviors in a total sample, as well as separately for boys and girls. In 2010, 62% of the adolescents had gambled during the previous year, and in 2011, 61% of the adolescents had done so. Engaging in different levels of truancy, bullying, delinquency, and substance abuse were associated with higher risks for frequent gambling. Similar patterns of associations were found among boys and girls. Adolescents who engaged in gambling on a daily or weekly basis were the most vulnerable group for problem behavior. However, even infrequent gambling was associated with different problem behaviors.
Use of a time series design to test effectiveness of a theory-based intervention targeting adherence of health professionals to a clinical guideline.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a theory of planned behaviour intervention to increase adherence of community mental health professionals to a national suicide prevention guideline. DESIGN Routinely collected audit adherence data from an intervention and control site were collected and analysed using time series analysis to test whether the intervention significantly increased adherence. The effects of a local and national event on adherence were also examined. METHOD A Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) questionnaire, developed from interview findings, was administered to the health professionals. Subjective norms were found to be the most significant predictor of intention to adhere to the guideline, and were targeted with an interactive educational intervention. Time series analysis applied to routinely collected audit adherence data was used to test intervention effectiveness. RESULTS The TPB accounted for 58% of the variance in intention to adhere, with subjective norms the only significant predictor. The intervention did not significantly increase adherence; however, the national and local events were found to have significantly increased adherence. CONCLUSIONS The TPB was a useful framework for exploring barriers to adherence; however, this did not translate into an effective intervention. Future research should seek collaboration with local experts, and use this information in combination with the TPB, to develop interventions. Collaborative research with experts in pedagogy may also help to develop more effective interventions, particularly education-based interventions that require adult learning.
Search-Based Security Testing of Web Applications

SQL injections are still the most exploited web application vulnerabilities. We present a technique to automatically detect such vulnerabilities through targeted test generation. Our approach uses search-based testing to systematically evolve inputs to maximize their potential to expose vulnerabilities. Starting from an entry URL, our BIOFUZZ prototype systematically crawls a web application and generates inputs whose effects on the SQL interaction are assessed at the interface between Web server and database. By evolving those inputs whose resulting SQL interactions show best potential, BIOFUZZ exposes vulnerabilities on real-world Web applications within minutes. As a black-box approach, BIOFUZZ requires neither analysis nor instrumentation of server code; however, it even outperforms state-of-the-art whitebox vulnerability scanners.
Speaker Verification System based on the Cerebellum Architecture

The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) and fuzzy systems have been active areas of research since its initial introduction. Fuzzy CMAC is basically a CMAC that is coupled with a fuzzy system. This paper presents the incorporation of fuzzy systems into CMAC with Approximate Analogical Reasoning Scheme (AARS) as its inference rules and Discrete Incremental Clustering (DIC) as its technique to classify the input space, which is used for the speaker verification system. Features extracted from a known speaker using either Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) or Delta Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (DMFCC) methods are used as the inputs for the system. The variables used for the performance analysis are False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR), and Equal Error Rate (EER), training and testing time.
Second-Language Proficiency, Language Use, and Mental Set Shifting in Cognitive Control Among Unbalanced Chinese–English Bilinguals

By comparing two unbalanced Chinese–English bilingual groups, this study explored whether differences in second-language (L2) proficiency and language use influenced mental set shifting in cognitive control, through language switch (which tested participants’ language control) and task switch (which tested participants’ mental set shifting in cognitive control). The ANOVA results showed that the higher L2 proficiency group and the lower L2 proficiency group did not differ in language switch, and the two groups did not differ either in the task switch. Further correlation and regression analyses showed that L2 proficiency did not contribute to task-switching performance; however, language-switching frequency and L2 use significantly contributed to the performance of task switch. These results suggest a weak relation between L2 proficiency and mental set shifting, and indicate that language-switching frequency and L2 use may be important factors influencing mental set shifting and should therefore be included as crucial variables in future studies.
Simulating tree growth based on internal and environmental factors

This paper describes a method using L-systems that models tree growth based on the interaction of the tree's internal attributes with themselves and with environmental conditions. Modeled components include chemical flow and water distribution within the tree, phototropism, space tropism, energy generation and usage, weight support, and self-pruning.Our system is described and many results are presented which show how the individual factors affect tree growth, and also how they interact with each other.
Assessment and Performance.

Over the years, judgements of school pupils' capabilities have contributed extensively to the route followed by those pupils through the educational system of the day and to the actual educational context of that route. As time has progressed so the methods of judgement have been altered to allow for 'improvements' to be made to the methods and such changes may be held to be taking place still. The balance between educational and psychological measures is not now what it was when the i i + examinations were in full swing but there is still a very large number of judgements made which affect the individual child; against this background has been taken the decision to introduce a regular national assessment of performance in a number of curriculum areas. It is proposed to consider here both assessments used in schools and some implications of looking at national performance. It is, perhaps, appropriate to start with a consideration of the derivation and meaning of the verb 'assess':
The signature of dark energy on the local Hubble flow

Using N-body simulations of flat, dark energy dominated cosmologies, we show that galaxies around simulated binary systems resembling the Local Group (LG) have low peculiar velocities, in good agreement with observational data. We have compared results for LG-like systems selected from large, high resolution simulations of three cos- mologies: aCDM model, aWDM model with a 2 keV warm dark matter candidate and a quintessence model (QCDM) with an equation of state parameter w = 0.6. The Hubble flow is significant colder around LGs selected in a flat, � dominated cosmology than around LGs in open or critical models, showing that a dark energy component manifests itself on the scales of nearby galaxies, cooling galaxy peculiar motions. Flows in theWDM and QCDM models are marginally colder than in the �CDM one. The results of our simulations have been compared to existing data and a new data set of 28 nearby galaxies with robust distance measures (Cepheids and Surface Brightness Fluctuations). The measured line-of-sight velocity dispersion isH = 88± 20 km/sec × (R/7 Mpc). The best agreement with observations is found for LGs selected in theCDM cosmology in environments with 0.1 < ��/� < 0.6 on scales of 7 Mpc, in agreement with existing observational estimates on the local matter density. These results provide new, independent evidence for the presence of dark energy on scales of few Mpc, corroborating the evidence gathered from observations of distant objects and the early Universe.
Over-Segmentation of Feature Space for Initialisation of K-means Clustering

This paper suggests over-segmenting the feature space for improved initialisation of the k-means clustering method. Two over-segmentations (OS) of a dataset are achieved and then fused to determine the best- possible initial means to perform the iterative process of k- means. The method is tested over both, image as well as non-image data. The image data is segmented using tex- ture features based on Gabor energy features (GEF). The method is compared with single-run k-means and k-means with multiple restarts. Encouraging results have been obtained while segmenting a variety of texture images and the non-image data. The 40% OS is found to give the best results. This technique addresses the issue of data cluster- ing in all the possible areas including data mining, pattern recognition, machine learning and statistics.
Bandwidth optimization through on-chip memory restructuring for HLS

High-level synthesis (HLS) is getting increasing attention from both academia and industry for high-quality and high-productivity designs. However, when inferring primitive-type arrays in HLS designs into on-chip memory buffers, commercial HLS tools fail to effectively organize FPGAs' on-chip BRAM building blocks to realize high-bandwidth data communication; this often leads to suboptimal quality of results. This paper addresses this issue via automated on-chip buffer restructuring. Specifically, we present three buffer restructuring approaches and develop an analytical model for each approach to capture its impact on performance and resource consumption. With the proposed model, we formulate the process of identifying the optimal design choice into an integer non-linear programming (INLP) problem and demonstrate that it can be solved efficiently with the help of a one-time C-to-HDL (hardware description language) synthesis. The experimental results show that our automated source-to-source code transformation tool improves the performance of a broad class of HLS designs by averagely 4.8×.
Racist in the woodpile? Prejudice and education

Even in totalitarian regimes, freedom of thought presumably cannot be outlawed, provided that such thought remains unspoken and unwritten. In Australia, freedom of expression is taken-for-granted. This paper sets out to theorise my teaching practice/s, as I enact some of my theories. It emerges from my recent attempts to encourage in my students a greater sense of empathy towards others, and adoption of a multiplicity of perspectives. The contexts in which the study is embedded include immigration (to Australia) and attitudes to Indigenous Australians, but the teaching approaches described here can be applied to other similar contexts internationally. The paper outlines and evaluates related teaching strategies. Questions posed by the paper include: what are the internal mechanisms that limit our thought with regard to social issues such as equality? What are the teaching/learning approaches that we might employ to help our students transcend these limitations? Can freedom of thought only function in the context of self-regulation? In other words, where, if anywhere, are the ‘natural limits’ of freedom of thought, and are there times when freedom of thought is not desirable or acceptable? If so, who decides and how? What are the implications for the power differential between teacher and student?
Switchable coplanar waveguide low pass filter for wireless applications using RF-MEMS

In this paper, a switchable linear phase coplanar waveguide (CPW) low-pass filter (LPF) is presented which is designed by using radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems (RF-MEMS). Traditionally schottky diode, PIN diode and point contact diodes are used for switching the transceivers from one frequency to another. It increases the insertion loss and slows down the switching speed. The RF-MEMS capacitive shunt switches were used to replace the diodes. Traditionally Butterworth and Chebyshev LPFs are used in communication systems. Those LPFs exhibits high reflection in the pass-band and it is also very difficult to achieve faster switching speed due to its poor sharper cut-off characteristics. Because of its poor cutoff and non-linear phase characteristics, it will create unwanted cross talk between microwave sub-systems. In order to overcome the above issues our proposed LPF will be ideal sub-system in future multi-standard systems. The use of RF-MEMS shunt capacitive switch gives the flexibility of tuning the cut-off frequency of the LPF. The proposed switchable LPF was designed by using surface micromachining technology with 3 GHz cut-off frequency, which enables to make simple planar structures of the filter, resulting in easy integration with other planar circuits. In addition, external switching devices for frequency selection are not required. In this filter, a precise and stable frequency-tuning ratio can be obtained because the center frequency can be changed by changing the total inductance by simply controlling ON/OFF actuation of the MEMS switch. The simulation result verifies the switching ability of the proposed design.
Dropping out of dialectical behaviour therapy in the NHS: the role of care coordination

Aims and method Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is associated with particularly high drop-out rates in the National Health Service (NHS). This paper seeks to investigate the characteristics of patients with borderline personality disorder dropping out from DBTand the role of care coordination in this phenomenon. Data for the 102 patients receiving DBT in east London, 58% of whom had dropped out of treatment prematurely, were analysed. Results In a multivariable analysis, a history of care coordination was the only variable significantly correlated with drop out: 88% of patients with a history of care coordination dropped out prematurely compared with 52% of patients without such history. Clinical implications The experience of comprehensive care within the care programme approach, particularly care coordination at the start of DBT, affects the retention of patients in DBT. Further qualitative research is required to understand how care coordination and DBT drop out are related, which could lead to changes in how the therapy is delivered in the UK and influence decisions regarding the use of care coordination with patients with borderline personality disorder.
A Novel Audio-Oriented Learning Strategies for Character Recognition

In this paper, we propose a robust audio-oriented learning strategies to address the issue of character recognition in movie/TV-series. Identifying major characters in movies/TV-series has drawn researcher's great interests. Most of them have explored some character recognition and retrieval applications based on visual appearance, whereas visual appearance is inconsistent throughout the whole video. Our approach, mainly focusing on audio, features that: (i) we extract both spectral and temporal audio features of Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC), prosodic, average pause length, speaking rate features, pitch and short time energy, and also the complementarity of Gabor features, (ii) we adopt Multi-Task Joint Sparse Representation and Recognition (MTJSRC) model for learning with all the features except Gabor, and SVM model with Gabor features, (iii) regarding these original features as seeds, we extend the training set from talk shows with semi-supervise learning, (iv) the Conditional Random Field (CRF) model with consideration of the constrains in time sequence is introduced to enhance the final labelling. Finally, experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness performance of our approach.
Rethinking Last-Level Cache Management for Multicores Operating at Near-Threshold Voltages

Near-threshold voltage computing promises an order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency, enabling future processors to integrate 100s of cores running concurrently. However, such low voltage operation accompanies extreme parametric variations, resulting in unreliable operation of the processor. The memory bit-cells in on-chip caches are most vulnerable to failure due to their tight functionality margins. In this paper we focus on the NTV challenges with the last-level cache (LLC) management for future multicores. The state-of-the-art mechanisms enable a hybrid of disabling faulty cache lines and error correction capabilities to maximize the usable cache capacity in the LLC. We postulate that future technologies will suffer from extreme fault rates and some portions of the LLC need to be disabled. This will put unprecedented stress on the LLC capacity impacting the existing management schemes for placement, movement and replication of data. We focus our attention on evaluating the state-of-the-art LLC data management schemes and observe that a scheme optimized for nominal voltage operation may not necessarily perform optimally at NTV. We show that LLC data management schemes must be rethought and redesigned for the emerging energy efficient NTV multicores.
Performance comparison between unipolar and bipolar excitations in switched reluctance machine with sinusoidal and rectangular waveforms

In this paper, the electromagnetic performance of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) with unipolar and bipolar excitations, either sinusoidal or rectangular current waveforms, is investigated in terms of torque capability and torque ripple, iron loss etc. By employing a cost effective standard 3-phase full bridge inverter, both rectangular and sinusoidal bipolar excitations are implemented. Compared with unipolar and rectangular bipolar excitations, the torque ripple and iron loss are significantly reduced with sinusoidal bipolar excitation, albeit with reduced torque capability. Experiments on a prototype 6/4 SRM are carried out to demonstrate the advantages of sinusoidal bipolar excitation.
Generalized multiple description coding with correlating transforms

Multiple description (MD) coding is source coding in which several descriptions of the source are produced such that various reconstruction qualities are obtained from different subsets of the descriptions. Unlike multiresolution or layered source coding, there is no hierarchy of descriptions; thus, MD coding is suitable for packet erasure channels or networks without priority provisions. Generalizing work by Orchard, Wang, Vaishampayan and Reibman (see Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol.I, Santa Barbara, CA, p.608-11, 1997), a transform-based approach is developed for producing M descriptions of an N-tuple source, M/spl les/N. The descriptions are sets of transform coefficients, and the transform coefficients of different descriptions are correlated so that missing coefficients can be estimated. Several transform optimization results are presented for memoryless Gaussian sources, including a complete solution of the N=2, M=2 case with arbitrary weighting of the descriptions. The technique is effective only when independent components of the source have differing variances. Numerical studies show that this method performs well at low redundancies, as compared to uniform MD scalar quantization.
On the Effectiveness of eWOM Communications: the Moderating Effect of Consumers' Prior Experience

Electronic word of mouth communications (eWOMs) are online consumer-generated communications that are expected to affect consumers’ perceptions of adopting online services. While adoption of an online service consists of pre and post-usage stages, much of literature implicitly assumes that the effectiveness of positive/negative eWOM is the same across the two stages. In this paper, we draw on the accessibility-diagnosticity model and elaboration likelihood model to show that the effectiveness of eWOM on consumers’ perceptions of adopting experience services is contingent on: (1) the stage of the service adoption, (2) consumers’ prior experience with the context of the eWOM communications, and (3) the eWOM communications framing (i.e., positive and negative). Our findings explain that the confluence of aforementioned factors determines the effectiveness of eWOM.