Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in addiction: When similarity makes a difference

Denne artikel fokuserer på heterogenitetsforholdet i sensationssøgende adfærd. Sensationssøgning er et begreb, som er omgærdet med megen interesse, men som også er kontroversielt i litteraturen. I denne artikel vil jeg anvende eksempler fra ludomaniforskningen til at belyse den heterogene kompleksitet inden for afhængighedstilstandene, samt belyse aspekter af begrebet sensationssøgning. Først introduceres begrebet sensationssøgning med særlig vægt på ludomani. Derefter præsenteres tre nylige eller igangværende studier af sensationssøgning inden for ludomani: 1. ) en klinisk undersøgelse af over 300 behandlingssøgende ludomaner, 2. ) en neurovidenskablig undersøgelse af sammenhængen mellem sensationssøgning og bindingspotentialet af neurotransmitterstoffet dopamin i hjernen, og 3. ) en neuro-kognitiv undersøgelse af sensationssøgning og beslutningsprocesser i spillesituationer blandt ludomane og ikke-ludomane. Endelig diskuteres interaktionen mellem sensationssøgende adfærd og bio-psyko-sociale faktorers betydning for heterogenitetsspørgsmålet inden for ludomani og andre afhængighedstilstande.
The Emergence of an Implicit Theme at the Paris Conference

The First International Conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO) was special in many ways, not least because it was the first time that the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ALLC) convened their joint conference under this new name. Held at the Université Paris-Sorbonne, Digital Humanities 2006 (to give it its shorter title) was organized by Liliane Gallet-Blanchard, Marie-Madeleine Martinet and other members of Cultures Anglophones et Technologies de l’Information (CATI). There were 214 participants from twenty-four countries. One hundred and twenty papers and sessions and thirtyone posters were presented. As with previous ACH/ALLC joint conferences, Digital Humanities 2006 did not have a pre-defined theme. Instead, the Programme Committee (headed by Lisa Lena Opas-Hanninen, University of Joensuu) maintained the well-established tradition of encouraging papers, posters and panels on any aspect of digital humanities, including:
Empirical model and variability of soil salinity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh

Soil salinity expressed by electrical conductivity is a threat to crop production. The study aims were to establish relationships of electrical conductivity with its relevant soil properties, and analyze variability of soil salinity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. A total of 150 geo-referenced saline soil samples from three coastal districts (Khulna, Satkhira and Bhola) of Bangladesh were analyzed for electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract (ECe), salt cations and other soil properties related to salinity. Statistical and geostatistical analyses were done as required. Moderate to strong significant regression relationships (R 2 =0.42 to 0.94) were found between ECe and salt cations (ECe=43.12*Na 2 -46.36*Na+13.97; ECe=12.26*K-2.5;ECe=1.16*Ca-1.97; ECe=0.32*Mg 2 -1.60*Mg+3.53) of the soils. On the contrary, weak relationships (R 2 =0.05 to 0.21) were found between ECe and other soil properties (ECe=4.41*organic carbon-0.56; ECe=-1.71*Txw (soil texture)+3.98;ECe=0.35*cation exchange capacity-1.98; ECe=0.06*specific surface area-0.55). Khulna soils (CV=65.99%) showed lower statistical variations while Satkhira (CV=97%) and Bhola (CV=105%) soils showed higher statistical variations for ECe. In contrast, Khulna, Satkhira and Bhola soils showed strong, moderate and weak spatial dependency for ECe, respectively. Interpolated spatial distribution maps of ECe showed variations in individual districts of study areas. The findings would assist soil scientists or farm managers to understand and/or manage saline soils, specially the soils of coastal zone of Bangladesh.
Factors predicting adolescents' and parents' help seeking behaviour

Adolescents' perceptions and responses to mental health problems have been shown to have significant implications for their future competence, coping skills, well-being, and subsequent life choices; yet, as few as 25 percent of young Canadians with mental health problems seek help (Bergeron, Poirier, Fournier, Roberge, & Barrette, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine the stages of adolescent help seeking (i.e., recognizing the problem, deciding to seek professional help, and seeking professional help ) to better understand why some adolescents seek help and others do not. Specific predisposing, enabling, and need factors were examined as predictors of adolescents' and parents' behaviour across the three stages of help seeking. Participants completed on-line questionnaires assessing help-seeking stages, barriers to help seeking, help-seeking attitudes, family functioning, parental stress, and symptomatology. After data screening procedures, the sample consisted of 175 adolescents and 95 parents from the Windsor-Essex community; of these participants, 21 parent-adolescent dyads were formed. Regression analyses showed that being female and perceiving mental health problems to be severe significantly improved the likelihood that an adolescent would recognize their mental health problem (Stage 1). Further, higher perceptions of problem severity and prior professional help seeking significantly improved the likelihood that an adolescent would decide to help seek (Stage 2) and actually seek professional help (Stage 3). These findings are consistent with the study's hypotheses. With regards to parental help seeking, parents' worry and concern for adolescents with mental health problems significantly improved the likelihood that a parent would recognize adolescent mental health problems (Stage 1) and decide to seek professional help for the adolescent (Stage 2). Finally, parent-reported prior family professional help seeking significantly improved the likelihood of parents actually seeking professional help for adolescent mental health problems (Stage 3). Given the limited number of parent-adolescent dyads, the researcher was limited with regards to statistical analyses that could be performed; however, the results lend support to the idea that an adolescent and parent from the same family are likely to be in similar stages of help seeking. The results suggest that family cohesion, flexibility, and communication may have an indirect effect on adolescent help seeking by contributing to an adolescent being more or less vulnerable to mental health problems. Implications for increasing adolescent help seeking and improving adolescents' and parents' access to professional resources are discussed.
New technologies, old dilemmas: theoretical and practical challenges in preschool immersion playrooms

Abstract This paper describes some of the findings emerging from a small-scale pilot study investigating the potential of a tablet app, Our Story (Ar Stòiridh), to enhance language-learning opportunities for children in Gaelic-medium preschool playrooms. The intervention drew on design-based research, a methodology for investigating the relationships among educational theory, designed artefact and practice. A significant feature of this approach is the close collaboration between researchers and practitioners in identifying the problem to be addressed by the intervention and refining, through successive iterations, the solution. Detailed documentation of the process enables the researchers to keep track of practical barriers or facilitators, and often leads to design changes. In this case, it emerged that there were marked differences between the researchers' and the practitioners' beliefs about effective language learning in the early years, a finding which would have had a bearing on the development of the design beyond the pilot phase. It is argued that this finding has implications for theoretical understanding of how preschool practitioners set about supporting children as they learn a new language in immersion-style settings; and of how to design practical interventions, such as the use of digital technologies to support early language learning or professional development for preschool practitioners in such settings.
Image Mining of Historical Manuscripts to Establish Provenance

he recent digitization of more than twenty million books has been led by initiatives from countries wishing to preserve their cultural heritage and by commercial endeavors, such as the Google Print Library Project. Within a few years a significant fraction of the world’s books will be online. For millions of intact books and tens of millions of loose pages, the provenance of the manuscripts may be in doubt or completely unknown, thus denying historians an understanding of the context of the content. In some cases it may be possible for human experts to regain the provenance by examining linguistic, cultural and/or stylistic clues. However, such experts are rare and this investigation is clearly a time-consuming process. One technique used by experts to establish provenance is the examination of the ornate initial letters appearing in the questioned manuscript. By comparing the initial letters in the manuscript to annotated initial letters whose origin is known, the provenance can be determined. In this work we show for the first time that we can reproduce this ability with a computer algorithm. We leverage off a recently introduced technique to measure texture similarity and show that it can recognize initial letters with an accuracy that rivals or exceeds human performance. A brute force implementation of this measure would require several years to process a single large book; however, we introduce a novel lower bound that allows us to process the books in minutes.
CURVATURE AND SMOOTH TOPOLOGY IN DIMENSION FOUR by Claude LeBrun

— Seiberg-Witten theory leads to a delicate interplay between Riemannian geometry and smooth topology in dimension four. In particular, the scalar curvature of any metric must satisfy certain non-trivial estimates if the manifold in question has a non-trivial Seiberg-Witten invariant. However, it has recently been discovered [26, 27] that similar statements also apply to other parts of the curvature tensor. This article presents the most salient aspects of these curvature estimates in a selfcontained manner, and shows how they can be applied to the theory of Einstein manifolds. We then probe the issue of whether the known estimates are optimal by relating this question to a certain conjecture in Kähler geometry. Résumé (Courbure et topologie lisse en dimension 4). — La théorie de Seiberg-Witten révèle des liens étonnants entre la géométrie riemannienne et la topologie lisse en dimension 4. En particulier, sur une variété compacte dont un invariant Seiberg-Witten ne s’annule pas, la norme de la courbure scalaire est minorée, d’une manière uniforme et non triviale, pour toute métrique riemannienne. Cependant, on a récemment démontré [26, 27] des estimées analogues à l’égard de la courbure de Weyl. Dans cet article, nous rendrons compte de ces estimées de courbure, y compris leurs conséquences pour la théorie des variétés d’Einstein. Nous finissons par un examen du problème d’optimalité des estimées actuelles, en reliant cette question à une conjecture en géométrie kählérienne.
Forest biotechnology: Innovative methods, emerging opportunities

SummaryThe productivity of plantation forests is essential to meet the future world demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable fashion and in a manner that preserves natural stands and biodiversity. Plantation forestry has enormously benefited from development and implementation of improved silvicultural and forest management practices during the past century. A second wave of improvements has been brought about by the introduction of new germplasm developed through genetics and breeding efforts for both hardwood and conifer tree species. Coupled with the genetic gains achieved through tree breeding, the emergence of new biotechnological approaches that span the fields of plant developmental biology, genetic transformation, and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits have added a new dimension to forest tree improvement programs. Significant progress has been made during the past five years in the area of plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE) for economically important tree species. These advances have not only helped the development of efficient gene transfer techniques, but also have opened up avenues for deployment of new high-performance clonally replicated planting stocks in forest plantations. One of the greatest challenges today is the ability to extend this technology to the most elite germplasm, such that it becomes an, economically feasible means for large-scale production and delivery of improved planting stock. Another challenge will be the ability of the forestry research community to capitalize rapidly on current and future genomics-based elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for important but complex phenotypes. Advancements in gene cloning and genomics technology in forest trees have enabled the discovery and introduction of value-added traits for wood quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses into improved genotypes. With these technical advancements, it will be necessary for reliable regulatory infrastructures and processes to be in place worldwide for testing and release of trees improved through biotechnology. Commercialization of planting stocks, as new varieties generated through clonal propagation and advanced breeding programs or as transgenic trees with high-value traits, is expected in the near future, and these trees will enhance the quality and productivity of our plantation forests.
Equivalence of call-by-name and call-by-need for lambda-calculi with letrec

We develop a proof method to show that in a (deterministic) lambda calculus with letrec and equipped with contextual equivalence the call-by-name and the call-by-need evaluation are equivalent, and also that the unrestricted copy-operation is correct. Given a let-binding x = t, the copy-operation replaces an occurrence of the variable x by the expression t, regardless of the form of t. This gives an answer to unresolved problems in several papers, it adds a strong method to the tool set for reasoning about contextual equivalence in higher-order calculi with letrec, and it enables a class of transformations that can be used as optimizations. The method can be used in different kind of lambda calculi with cyclic sharing. Probably it can also be used in non-deterministic lambda calculi if the variable x is "deterministic", i.e., has no interference with non-deterministic executions. The main technical idea is to use a restricted variant of the infinitary lambda-calculus, whose objects are the expressions that are unrolled w.r. t. let, to define the infinite developments as a reduction calculus on the infinite trees and showing a standardization theorem.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

The relationship between person-organization fit (P-O fit) and emotional intelligence (EI) was investigated using a quantitative research method and correlational design. Eightynine human resource professionals from a myriad of disciplines, employment levels, and industries participated. Quantitative measurements occurred using the Mayer-SaloveyCaruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEITTM) for EI and Cable and DeRue’s ThreeItem Person-Organization Fit Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to determine and analyze the relationship between P-O fit and EI. Even though a positive correlation was found between participant P-O fit and EI scores (r = .18, p = .10), the relationship was not statistically significant (p>.05). The study’s findings led to the conclusion that because a statistically significant relationship does not exist between P-O fit and EI, leaders should exercise caution when using EI skill level as a determinant of PO fit.
Government Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Impacts of Public Service Motivation, Organizational Identification, and Subjective OCB Norms

ABSTRACT This study attempts to provide an increased understanding of the antecedents of public employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Using a field survey involving public employees working for Korean local government organizations, the data analyses reveal that public service motivation (PSM), organizational identification, subjective OCB norms, task interdependence, and procedural justice are important antecedents of government employees’ OCB, even after partialling out the common method variance, whereas job satisfaction and distributive justice are not.
Defective L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in offspring of essential hypertensive patients.

BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The present study was designed to investigate whether this abnormality is a primary defect or a consequence of blood pressure increases. METHODS AND RESULTS In offspring of essential hypertensive patients (n = 34) and normotensive subjects (n = 30), we evaluated forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Minimal forearm vascular resistances also were calculated as the ratio between mean intra-arterial pressure and maximal forearm blood flow induced by forearm ischemia and hand exercise. Vasodilation to acetylcholine was significantly (P < .01) blunted in offspring of hypertensive patients compared with offspring of normotensive subjects, whereas the responses to sodium nitroprusside and minimal forearm vascular resistances were similar. In two subgroups of 14 offspring of essential hypertensive patients but not in 10 offspring of normotensive subjects, vasodilation to acetylcholine was increased by intra-brachial L-arginine (1 mumol.100 mL-1.min-1), the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, whereas in the other 10 and 8 offspring of essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects, respectively, cyclooxygenase blockade by intra-brachial indomethacin (50 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1) was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Offspring of essential hypertensive patients are characterized by a reduced response to acetylcholine linked to a defect in the nitric oxide pathway, suggesting that an impairment in nitric oxide production precedes the onset of essential hypertension.
Design considerations in high-throughput automation for biotechnology protocols

This paper examines automation design issues related to a simple Biotechnology protocol case study. The example chosen is the preparation of RNA from tissue-cultured cells. The starting point in automation design is to first set the process as a manual labor production line and identify processes that can be automated. The paper explores the vast range of possible solutions, some may be robotic-based, and optimality issues that arise when designing a flexibly automated high-throughput systems for a given family of Biotechnology protocols. The paper examines the potential application of Group Technology to Biotechnology applications. It also explores a specific Industrial Engineering program called Arena as a potential computer-aided tool to address the problem of optimal automation design considering cost, foot print and throughput constraints.
A Model for Automatically Repairing Execution Integrity

Many users value applications that continue execution in the face of attacks. Current software protection techniques typically abort a process after an intrusion attempt (e.g., a code injection attack). We explore ways in which the security property of integrity can support availability. We extend the ClarkWilson Integrity Model to provide primitives and rules for specifying and enforcing repair mechanisms and validation of those repairs. Users or administrators can use this model to write or automatically synthesize repair policy. The policy can help customize an application’s response to attack. We describe two prototype implementations for transparently applying these policies without modifying source code.
Marketing aspects of knowledge-based management in groups of companies: case of Poland

Purpose – This paper focuses on identifying key factors which condition the occurrence of synergies in multi‐entity companies in relation to the application of knowledge management procedures in the marketing and development function.Design/methodology/approach – The factors have been identified as selected knowledge management subsystems and subsequently validated empirically in the groups of companies under review. The questionnaire used as a research tool included 27 questions on the organisation of the key management processes in the area of marketing and development in terms of knowledge management. The research results are described by means of the correlation and median analysis.Findings – Our observations and research findings appear to support a claim that the management of a multiple organisation that allows identification, selection, organisation, dissemination, and transfer of important information between group members is a crucial determinant of synergies and financial performance of a group.
Magnetization Transfer Imaging in Premanifest and Manifest Huntington Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MTI has the potential to detect abnormalities in normal-appearing white and gray matter on conventional MR imaging. Early detection methods and disease progression markers are needed in HD research. Therefore, we investigated MTI parameters and their clinical correlates in premanifest and manifest HD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the Leiden TRACK-HD study, 78 participants (28 controls, 25 PMGC, 25 MHD) were included. Brain segmentation of cortical gray matter, white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus was performed using FSL's automated tools FAST and FIRST. Individual MTR values were calculated from these regions and MTR histograms constructed. Regression analysis of MTR measures from all gene carriers with clinical measures was performed. RESULTS: MTR peak height was reduced in both cortical gray (P = .01) and white matter (P = .006) in manifest HD compared with controls. Mean MTR was also reduced in cortical gray matter (P = .01) and showed a trend in white matter (P = .052). Deep gray matter structures showed a uniform pattern of reduced MTR values (P < .05). No differences between premanifest gene carriers and controls were found. MTR values correlated with disease burden and motor and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the brain, disturbances in MTI parameters are apparent in early HD and are homogeneous across white and gray matter. The correlation of MTI with clinical measures indicates the potential to act as a disease monitor in clinical trials. However, our study does not provide evidence for MTI as a marker in premanifest HD.