Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator, urokinase

The secretion of plasminogen activators has been implicated in the controlled extracellular proteolysis that accompanies cell migration and tissue remodeling. We found that the human plasminogen activator urokinase (Uk) (Mr 55,000 form) binds rapidly, specifically, and with high affinity to fresh human blood monocytes and to cells of the monocyte line U937. Upon binding Mr 55,000 Uk was observed to confer high plasminogen activator activity to the cells. Binding of the enzyme did not require a functional catalytic site (located on the B chain of the protein) but did require the noncatalytic A chain of Mr 55,000 Uk, since Mr 33,000 Uk did not bind. These results demonstrate the presence of a membrane receptor for Uk on monocytes and show a hitherto unknown function for the A chain of Uk: binding of secreted enzyme to its receptor results in Uk acting as a membrane protease. This localizes plasminogen activation near the cell surface, an optimal site to facilitate cell migration.
Intergenerational Support

In this study, adult daughters from an East Asian culture (South Korea: N = 398) and a western culture (Germany: N = 313) were compared with respect to the extent and the direction of intergenerational support, the associations between value orientations, relationship quality and intergenerational support, and with respect to the meaning of perceived reciprocity within these processes. Results showed a more extensive exchange of support in the Korean as compared to the German sample and very similar associations between values and relationship quality with support to parents in both cultures. However, in the German sample a negative association between adult daughters’ perception of giving more than receiving and the quality of the relationship was indicated. The results are discussed in light of the Confucian concept of filial piety and the western theoretical model of intergenerational solidarity.
Comparing the Accuracy of CCG and Penn Treebank Parsers

We compare the CCG parser of Clark and Curran (2007) with a state-of-the-art Penn Treebank (PTB) parser. An accuracy comparison is performed by converting the CCG derivations into PTB trees. We show that the conversion is extremely difficult to perform, but are able to fairly compare the parsers on a representative subset of the PTB test section, obtaining results for the CCG parser that are statistically no different to those for the Berkeley parser.
Social Lens: Personalization Around User Defined Collections for Filtering Enterprise Message Streams

Social media has led to a data explosion and has begun to play an ever increasing role as a valuable source of information and a mechanism for information discovery. The wealth of data highlights the need for methods to filter and sort information in order to allow users to discover useful information. Most traditional solutions focus on the user, either the user's social network, or a form of personalization based on collaborative filtering or predictive user modeling. This paper presents a novel algorithm to view information through a lens based on a user defined collection while excluding the attributes of the user from the analysis. As a result, the lens is transparent, tunable and sharable amongst users and, additionally allows both a reduction in information overload while discovering new related content.
On Mediating Supersymmetry Breaking in D-brane Models

We consider the 3+1 visible sector to live on a Hanany-Witten D-brane construction in type IIA string theory. The messenger sector consists of stretched strings from the visible brane to a hidden D6-brane in the extra spatial dimensions. In the open string channel supersymmetry is broken by gauge mediation while in the closed string channel supersymmetry is broken by gravity mediation. Hence, we call this kind of mediation ``string mediation''. We propose an extension of the Dimopoulos-Georgi theorem to brane models: only detached probe branes can break supersymmetry without generating a tachyon. Fermion masses are generated at one loop if the branes break a sufficient amount of the ten dimensional Lorentz group while scalar potentials are generated if there is a force between the visible brane and the hidden brane. Scalars can be lifted at two loops through a combination of brane bending and brane forces. We find a large class of stable non-supersymmetric brane configurations of ten dimensinoal string theory.
Potential Water Retention Capacity as a Factor in Silage Effluent Control: Experiments with High Moisture By-product Feedstuffs

The role of moisture absorptive capacity of pre-silage material and its relationship with silage effluent in high moisture by-product feedstuffs (HMBF) is assessed. The term water retention capacity which is sometimes used in explaining the rate of effluent control in ensilage may be inadequate, since it accounts exclusively for the capacity of an absorbent incorporated into a pre-silage material prior to ensiling, without consideration to how much the pre-silage material can release. A new terminology, ‘potential water retention capacity’ (PWRC), which attempts to address this shortcoming, is proposed. Data were pooled from a series of experiments conducted separately over a period of five years using laboratory silos with four categories of agro by-products (n = 27) with differing moisture contents (highest 96.9%, lowest 78.1% in fresh matter, respectively), and their silages (n = 81). These were from a vegetable source (Daikon, Raphanus sativus), a root tuber source (potato pulp), a fruit source (apple pomace) and a cereal source (brewer’s grain), respectively. The pre-silage materials were adjusted with dry in-silo absorbents consisting wheat straw, wheat or rice bran, beet pulp and bean stalks. The pooled mean for the moisture contents of all pre-silage materials was 78.3% (±10.3). Silage effluent decreased (p<0.01), with increase in PWRC of pre-silage material. The theoretical moisture content and PWRC of pre-silage material necessary to stem effluent flow completely in HMBF silage was 69.1% and 82.9 g/100 g in fresh matter, respectively. The high correlation (r = 0.76) between PWRC of ensiled material and silage effluent indicated that the latter is an important factor in silage-effluent relationship.
The Pioneer Effect: A New Physics with a New Principle

Radio metric data from the Pioneer 10/11, Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft indicated an anomalous, constant acceleration acting on them, directed toward the Sun, and a gradual growth of the radio signal frequency emitted by the receding transmitter. The reported odd acceleration of Pioneer 10 with a magnitude ~8.5 x 10-10 m/s2 can be explained by an induced gravitational interaction on the S-band signals traveling between the probe and the Earth, arising from the electromagnetic properties of the outer Solar System vacuum zero-point radiation interacting with matter. Their nature is of quantum vacuum origin, and these induced forces act in addition to ordinary gravitational forces, violating the principle of Equivalence. We suggest a new physical theory based on a new principle called Compensation as a thinkable explanation for the non-conventional Pioneer effect. The theory of Relation, which is an alternative to the inflationist model, postulates that our Universe is made of two antagonistic but complementary structures. The principle of Compensation contradicts Relativity theory, predicts such acceleration and is for the electromagnetic spacetime metric what the principle of Equivalence is for the gravific spacetime metric.
Collaboration Map: Visualizing Temporal Dynamics of Small Group Collaboration

Collaboration Map (CoMap) is an interactive visualization tool showing temporal changes of small group collaborations. Because the groups are dynamic entities, their flexible features, such as people involved, areas of work, and timings, change over time. CoMap shows a graph of collaborations during user-adjustable periods, providing overviews of collaborations' dynamic features. We demonstrate CoMap using a co-authorship dataset in DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project) with 587 publications by 29 researchers at a laboratory for 25 years.
Fast Reed-Solomon Interactive Oracle Proofs of Proximity

The family of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes plays a prominent role in the construction of quasilinear probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) and interactive oracle proofs (IOPs) with perfect zero knowledge and polylogarithmic verifiers. The large concrete computational complexity required to prove membership in RS codes is one of the biggest obstacles to deploying such PCP/IOP systems in practice. To advance on this problem we present a new interactive oracle proof of proximity (IOPP) for RS codes; we call it the Fast RS IOPP (FRI) because (i) it resembles the ubiquitous Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and (ii) the arithmetic complexity of its prover is strictly linear and that of the verifier is strictly logarithmic (in comparison, FFT arithmetic complexity is quasi-linear but not strictly linear). Prior RS IOPPs and PCPs of proximity (PCPPs) required super-linear proving time even for polynomially large query complexity. For codes of block-length N, the arithmetic complexity of the (interactive) FRI prover is less than 6 * N, while the (interactive) FRI verifier has arithmetic complexity <= 21 * log N, query complexity 2 * log N and constant soundness - words that are delta-far from the code are rejected with probability min{delta * (1-o(1)),delta_0} where delta_0 is a positive constant that depends mainly on the code rate. The particular combination of query complexity and soundness obtained by FRI is better than that of the quasilinear PCPP of [Ben-Sasson and Sudan, SICOMP 2008], even with the tighter soundness analysis of [Ben-Sasson et al., STOC 2013; ECCC 2016]; consequently, FRI is likely to facilitate better concretely efficient zero knowledge proof and argument systems. Previous concretely efficient PCPPs and IOPPs suffered a constant multiplicative factor loss in soundness with each round of "proof composition" and thus used at most O(log log N) rounds. We show that when delta is smaller than the unique decoding radius of the code, FRI suffers only a negligible additive loss in soundness. This observation allows us to increase the number of "proof composition" rounds to Theta(log N) and thereby reduce prover and verifier running time for fixed soundness.
TNO at TDT2001: Language Model-Based Topic Detection

Topic detection is concerned with the unsupervised clustering of news stories over time. The TNO topic detection system is based on a language modeling approach. For the grouping of stories we combined a simple single pass method to establish an initial clustering and a reallocation method to stabilize the clusters within a certain allowed deferral period. The similarity of an incoming story to an existing cluster is defined as the average of the similarities of to each story . These individual similarities are computed by taking the sum of the generative probabilities and where and are modeled as unigram language models. Because these story language models are based on extremely sparse statistics, the word probabilities are smoothed using a background model.
Human growth hormone responses to repeated bouts of sprint exercise with different recovery periods between bouts.

This study examined the growth hormone (GH) response to repeated bouts of sprint cycling. Eight healthy men completed three trials consisting of two 30-s sprints on a cycle ergometer separated by either 60 min (Trial A) or 240 min (Trial B) of recovery and a single 30-s sprint carried out the day after Trial B (Trial C). Trials A and B were separated by at least 7 days. Blood samples were obtained at rest and during recovery from each sprint. In Trial A, GH was elevated immediately before sprint 2, and there was no further increase in GH following the second sprint [area under the curve: 460 (SD 348) vs. 226 min.mug(-1). l(-1) (SD 182), P = 0.05]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1 (P = 0.06). Serum free fatty acids were not different immediately before each of the sprints. In Trial B, there was a trend for a smaller GH response to the second sprint [GH area under the curve: 512 (SD 396) vs. 242 min.mug(-1). l(-1) (SD 190), P = 0.09]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower (P = 0.06), and serum free fatty acids were higher (P = 0.01) immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1. There was no difference in the GH response to sprinting on consecutive days (Trials B and C). In conclusion, repeated bouts of sprint cycling on the same day result in an attenuation or even ablation of the exercise-induced increase in GH, depending on the recovery interval between sprints.
The Insulin-Specific T Cells of Nonobese Diabetic Mice Recognize a Weak MHC-Binding Segment in More Than One Form1

Several naturally occurring anti-insulin CD4 T cells were isolated from islet infiltrates of NOD mice. In accordance with the results of others, these T cells recognized the segment of the β-chain from residues 9–23. Peptides encompassing the B:(9–23) sequence bound weakly to I-Ag7 in two main contiguous registers in which two residues at the carboxyl end, P20Gly and P21Glu, influenced binding and T cell reactivity. Naturally occurring insulin-reactive T cells exhibited differing reactivities with the carboxyl-terminal amino acids, although various single residue changes in either the flanks or the core segments affected T cell responses. The insulin peptides represent another example of a weak MHC-binding ligand that is highly immunogenic, giving rise to distinct populations of autoimmune T cells.
Solving MAP Exactly using Systematic Search

MAP is the problem of finding a most probable instantiation of a set of variables in a Bayesian network, given some partial evidence about the complement of that set. Unlike posterior probabilities, or MPE (a special case of MAP), the time and space complexity of structure-based algorithms for MAP are not only exponential in the network treewidth, but in a larger parameter known as the constrained treewidth. In practice, this means that computing MAP can be orders of magnitude more expensive than computing posterior probabilities or MPE. We introduce in this paper a new, simple upper bound on the probability of a MAP solution, which is shown to be generally much tighter than existing bounds. We then use the proposed upper bound to develop a branch-andbound search algorithm for solving MAP exactly. Experimental results demonstrate that the search algorithm is able to solve many problems that are far beyond the reach of any structurebased method for MAP. For example, we show that the proposed algorithm can compute MAP exactly and efficiently for some networks whose constrained treewidth is more than 40.
Coinduction of Nitric-oxide Synthase and Arginase I in Cultured Rat Peritoneal Macrophages and Rat Tissues in Vivo by Lipopolysaccharide*

Nitric oxide is synthesized by nitric-oxide synthase from arginine, a common substrate of arginase. Rat peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and expression of the inducible isoform of nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and liver-type arginase (arginase I) was analyzed. mRNAs for iNOS and arginase I were induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. iNOS mRNA appeared 2 h after LPS treatment and increased to a near maximum at 8-12 h. On the other hand, arginase I mRNA that was undetectable prior to the treatment began to increase after 4 h with a lag time and reached a maximum at 12 h. Immunoblot analysis showed that iNOS and arginase I proteins were also induced. mRNA for arginase II, an arginase isozyme, was not detected in the LPS-activated peritoneal cells. mRNA for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transactivator of the arginase I gene, was also induced, and the induction was more rapid than that of arginase I mRNA. Changes in iNOS and arginase I mRNAs were also examined in LPS-injected rats in vivo iNOS mRNA increased rapidly in the lung and spleen, reached a maximum 2-6 h after the LPS treatment, and decreased thereafter. Arginase I mRNA was induced markedly and more slowly in both tissues, reaching a maximum in 12 h. Thus, arginase I appears to have an important role in down-regulating nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages by decreasing the availability of arginine, and the induction of arginase I is mediated by C/EBPβ.
Benchmarking of Statistical Dependency Parsers for French

We compare the performance of three statistical parsing architectures on the problem of deriving typed dependency structures for French. The architectures are based on PCFGs with latent variables, graph-based dependency parsing and transition-based dependency parsing, respectively. We also study the influence of three types of lexical information: lemmas, morphological features, and word clusters. The results show that all three systems achieve competitive performance, with a best labeled attachment score over 88%. All three parsers benefit from the use of automatically derived lemmas, while morphological features seem to be less important. Word clusters have a positive effect primarily on the latent variable parser.
Postnatal cerebellar cortical degeneration in Labrador Retriever puppies.

Postnatal cerebellar cortical degeneration in dogs is believed to be caused by an intrinsic defect in cortical neurons that leads to their premature death (1). The disease is characterized clinically by progressive cerebellar ataxia that usually develops within the first year of life. There is no treatment. Prognosis is gen-erally poor, but lifespan varies according to breed. The pathological findings are dominated by changes in the cerebellar cortex and include various degrees of Purkinje cell loss, granule cell loss, and thinning of the molecular layer (1). Lesions in the brain stem nuclei and spinal cord are also seen in some breeds (2,3). The cause of postnatal cortical degeneration is unknown, although it is suspected to be a biochemical defect in Purkinje and sometimes granule cells that leads to their premature degeneration (1,4). The disease has been observed most commonly in the Kerry Blue Terrier, Gordon Setter, and Rough Coated Collie of Australia, and studies have shown that it is an inherited autosomal recessive disease in these breeds (1-3,5,6). Less commonly affected breeds are the Airedale Terrier, Finnish Harrier, Swedish Lapland Dog, Brittany Spaniel, Bern Running Dog, Jack Russell Terrier, Smooth Haired Fox Terrier, and Beagle (1,7,8). This report is the first clinical and pathological description of cerebellar cortical degeneration in the Labrador Retriever. The subjects of our study were three Labrador Retriever puppies, two male and one female, from a litter of 12 born January 1, 1988. The puppies were raised by a private breeder in New Jersey and placed in private homes at eight weeks of age. The puppies were 9-17 weeks old when referred to the Animal Medical Center. Histories and pedigrees were provided by the breeder and referring veterinarian.
Efficient Collaborative Approximation in MapReduce without Missing Rare Keys

Recent proposals extend MapReduce, a widely-used Big Data processing framework, with sampling to improve performance by producing approximate results with statistical error bounds. However, because these systems perform global uniform sampling across the entire key space of input data, they may completely miss rare keys which may be unacceptable in some applications. Well-known stratified sampling avoids missing rare keys by obtaining the same number of samples for each key which also achieves good performance by sampling popular keys infrequently and rare keys more often. While online stratified sampling has been done in centralized settings, straightforward extension to MapReduce's distributed setting cannot easily leverage the number of per-key samples seen globally by all the Mappers to reduce the sampling rate of each Mapper in the future. Because there are hundreds of Mappers in a typical MapReduce job, such feedback can drastically reduce oversampling and improve performance. We present MaDSOS (MapReduce with Distributed Stratified Online Sampling) which makes two contributions: (1) Instead of a fixed n per-key samples and the resultant sampling rates, we propose a telescoping algorithm that uses fixed sampling rates of the form 1/2^k and, between n and 2n samples. (2) We propose a collaborative feedback scheme, that is enabled by the specific form of sampling rates and the leniency in the sample counts, to efficiently cut the sampling rates, and thus oversampling, once the desired number of samples have been seen globally. For our MapReduce benchmarks, MaDSOS improves performance by 59% over Hadoop while guaranteeing never to miss rare keys and achieves 2.5% per-key error compared to 100% worst-case error under global sampling at a fixed rate for all the keys.
Bmf: A Proapoptotic BH3-Only Protein Regulated by Interaction with the Myosin V Actin Motor Complex, Activated by Anoikis

Bcl-2 family members bearing only the BH3 domain are essential inducers of apoptosis. We identified a BH3-only protein, Bmf, and show that its BH3 domain is required both for binding to prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and for triggering apoptosis. In healthy cells, Bmf is sequestered to myosin V motors by association with dynein light chain 2. Certain damage signals, such as loss of cell attachment (anoikis), unleash Bmf, allowing it to translocate and bind prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. Thus, at least two mammalian BH3-only proteins, Bmf and Bim, function to sense intracellular damage by their localization to distinct cytoskeletal structures.
Visible light enhancement of ammonia detection using silver nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide

A novel NH3 gas sensor based on reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO) with uniformly decorated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on its surface is presented in this work. The aqueous solution containing silver nitrate, gelatin and graphene oxide (GO) is exposed to acoustic energy to reduce the silver nanoparticle on rGO sheets. FESEM image and EDX spot analysis show that an ultrafine spherical AgNPs with the size of about 20–30 nm are uniformly distributed on the rGO sheets. Small Raman shift of centered peaks at 1960 cm−1 indicate the decoration of AgNPs on rGO. The UV–vis absorption peaks show a red shift toward visible spectrum from 267 nm for rGO to 459 nm for rGO decorated with AgNPs. The AgNPs/rGO nano composite as an active layer over the Cr/gold interdigited electrode is fabricated using lithography technique and are tested using a semi-automatic static set up. The sensitivity of the AgNPs/rGO is about 5.8 for 250 ppb of NH3 gas detection. While this sensor shows reproducible, stable and fully recoverable response, its limit of detection (LOD) for NH3 gas is 100 ppt. The response and recovery times are 76 and 84 s respectively. The sensor exhibits an even better sensitivity of about 1.7 times for ammonium gas detection at room temperature when it is expose to visible light of 10 mW cm−2 (blue LED) which is believed to be due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and spillover effects.