Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRAK2 directs stimulus-dependent nuclear export of inflammatory mRNAs

Expression of inflammatory genes is determined in part by post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA metabolism but how stimulus- and transcript-dependent nuclear export influence is poorly understood. Here, we report a novel pathway in which LPS/TLR4 engagement promotes nuclear localization of IRAK2 to facilitate nuclear export of a specific subset of inflammation-related mRNAs for translation in murine macrophages. IRAK2 kinase activity is required for LPS-induced RanBP2-mediated IRAK2 sumoylation and subsequent nuclear translocation. Array analysis showed that an SRSF1-binding motif is enriched in mRNAs dependent on IRAK2 for nuclear export. Nuclear IRAK2 phosphorylates SRSF1 to reduce its binding to target mRNAs, which promotes the RNA binding of the nuclear export adaptor ALYREF and nuclear export receptor Nxf1 loading for the export of the mRNAs. In summary, LPS activates a nuclear function of IRAK2 that facilitates the assembly of nuclear export machinery to export selected inflammatory mRNAs to the cytoplasm for translation.
The Risk of End‐Stage Renal Disease Among Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients in the United States

Since initiation of model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD)‐based allocation for liver transplantation, the risk of posttransplant end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased. Recent US data have demonstrated comparable, if not superior survival, among recipients of living donor liver transplants (LDLT) when compared to deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) recipients. However, little is known about the incidence of ESRD post‐LDLT. We analyzed linked Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) and US Renal Data System (USRDS) data of first‐time liver‐alone transplant recipients from February 27, 2002 to March 1, 2011, and restricted the cohort to recipients with a laboratory MELD score ≤25 not on dialysis prior to transplantation, in order to evaluate the incidence of ESRD post‐LDLT, and to compare the incidence among LDLT versus DDLT recipients. There were 28 707 DDLT and 1917 LDLT recipients included in the analyses. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year unadjusted risk of ESRD was 1.7%, 2.9% and 3.4% in LDLT recipients, compared with 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.8% in DDLT recipients (p > 0.05), respectively. In multivariable competing risk Cox regression models, there was no association between receiving an LDLT and risk of ESRD (sub‐hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.77–1.26, p = 0.92). In conclusion, the incidence of ESRD post‐LDLT in the United States is low, and there are no significant differences among LDLT and DDLT recipients with MELD scores ≤25 at transplantation.
Phosphorylation of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase ITCH diminishes binding to its cognate E2 ubiquitin ligase

Heightened and extended inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of many disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, and inflammatory arthritis. Ubiquitin networks help dictate the strength and duration of inflammatory signaling. In innate immunity, the itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH)-A20 ubiquitin–editing complex inhibits receptor-interacting Ser/Thr kinase (RIPK) activation by removing Lys-63–linked polyubiquitinated chains from key proteins in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The complex then attaches polyubiquitinated chains to these proteins to target them for lysosomal or proteasomal destruction. ITCH is phosphorylated and thereby inhibited by inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) to fine-tune the inflammatory response to the strength of the offending signal. However, the biochemical mechanism by which E3 ubiquitination is impaired by IKK-driven phosphorylation remains unclear. Here, we report that this phosphorylation impedes ITCH binding to its cognate E2 ubiquitin ligase, UbcH7. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genetic knockout to mimic the ITCH-UbcH7–inhibited state, we further show that genetic UbcH7 deficiency phenocopies ITCH phosphorylation in regulating RIPK2 ubiquitination. We conclude that phosphorylation can disrupt the binding of an E3 ubiquitin ligase to an E2-conjugating enzyme, leading to prolonged inflammatory signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E3 ubiquitin ligase phosphorylation inhibiting E3 ligase activity by impairing E2–E3 complex formation.
How to make Learning Management Systems more exciting and entertaining: Games, interaction and experience design

A Learning Management System (LMS) provide students the opportunity of using interactive resources and several available tools to promote a better and more interesting process of teaching and learning. It has been a while that teachers are complaining about the student's lack of interest and motivation and students do the same about the actual boring methods of teaching. For this purpose, the aim of this article is to discuss and propose more exciting e-learning practices in terms of enhancing emotional engagement through games, interaction and experience design.
Jackknifed multiple-window spectra and coherence applied to seismic data

Examines the variance of power spectra and magnitude squared coherences determined from local earthquake seismograms recorded synchronously on a small aperture seismic array. The multiple taper algorithm is used to calculate the spectra and coherences. Variances of these estimates are calculated with the jackknife technique, after transforming to a more normal distribution, and are compared with expected theoretical values. Due to the normalizing process the jackknife 95% confidence limits for the coherences and the spectra are slightly biased compared to theoretical values. The distribution of the jackknife error estimates has a large variance which is most likely caused by the non-stationarity of the original time series. <<ETX>>
Transport and Variability of Fecal Bacteria in Carbonate Conglomerate Aquifers

Clastic sedimentary rocks are generally considered non‐karstifiable and thus less vulnerable to pathogen contamination than karst aquifers. However, dissolution phenomena have been observed in clastic carbonate conglomerates of the Subalpine Molasse zone of the northern Alps and other regions of Europe, indicating karstification and high vulnerability, which is currently not considered for source protection zoning. Therefore, a research program was established at the Hochgrat site (Austria/Germany), as a demonstration that karst‐like characteristics, flow behavior, and high vulnerability to microbial contamination are possible in this type of aquifer. The study included geomorphologic mapping, comparative multi‐tracer tests with fluorescent dyes and bacteria‐sized fluorescent microspheres, and analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in spring waters during different seasons. Results demonstrate that (1) flow velocities in carbonate conglomerates are similar as in typical karst aquifers, often exceeding 100 m/h; (2) microbial contaminants are rapidly transported toward springs; and (3) the magnitude and seasonal pattern of FIB variability depends on the land use in the spring catchment and its altitude. Different groundwater protection strategies that currently applied are consequently required in regions formed by karstified carbonatic clastic rocks, taking into account their high degree of heterogeneity and vulnerability.
Metacontrast: Its Relation to Evoked Potentials

Electrophysiological correlates of metacontrast were studied by means of averaged evoked potentials recorded from the scalp in man. Under conditions in which the brightness of the first of two successive stimuli appears diminished there is no accompanying attenuation of the evoked potentials to that stimulus. The results suggest that the amplitude and latency of evoked potentials correlate with stimulus intensity but not with brightness.
Microcin C 51 Plasmid Genes : Possible Source of Horizontal Gene Transfer

Microcin C51 Plasmid Genes: Possible Source of Horizontal Gene Transfer Dmitri E. Fomenko, Anastazia Z. Metlitskaya, Jean Péduzzi, Christophe Goulard, Genrikh S. Katrukha, Leonid V. Gening, Sylvie Rebuffat,* and Inessa A. Khmel Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, and Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia, and Department of Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, USM 502, National Museum of Natural History, UMR 5154 CNRS, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France,
Automated gas chromatography for studies of midazolam pharmacokinetics.

Plasma midazolam concentrations following single therapeutic doses can be quantitated using electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. After addition of a benzodiazepine analogue as an internal standard, samples are extracted with benzeneisoamyl alcohol (98.5:1.5). The organic extract is evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and chromatographed on an SP-2250 liquid phase. The automatic sampler allows up to 100 chromatographic analyses per 24-h period. The sensitivity limits are 2-3 ng of midazolam per ml of plasma, and the variation of identical samples is 7 per cent or less. The method was used in a study of six females who received single intravenous doses of midazolam for purposes of anesthetic induction prior to minor gynecologic procedures. Mean (+/- SE) kinetic variables for midazolam were: volume of central compartment, 0.37 (+/ 0.06 l/kg; total volume of distribution, 1.72 (+/- 0.05) l/kg: initial distribution half-life, 7.2 (+/- 1.6) min; elimination half-life, 2.5 (+/- 0.2) h; total clearance, 8.1 (+/- 0.52) ml.min-1.kg-1.
SEXUAL SELECTION DRIVES THE EVOLUTION OF ANTIAPHRODISIAC PHEROMONES IN BUTTERFLIES

Competition for mates has resulted in sophisticated mechanisms of male control over female reproduction. Antiaphrodisiacs are pheromones transferred from males to females during mating that reduce attractiveness of females to subsequent courting males. Antiaphrodisiacs generally help unreceptive females reduce male harassment. However, lack of control over pheromone release by females and male control over the amount transferred provides males an opportunity to use antiaphrodisiacs to delay remating by females that have returned to a receptive state. We propose a model for the evolution of antiaphrodisiacs under the influence of intrasexual selection, and determine whether changes in this signal in 11 species of Heliconius butterflies are consistent with two predictions of the model. First, we find that as predicted, male‐contributed chemical mixtures are complex and highly variable across species, with limited phylogenetic signal. Second, differences in rates of evolution in pheromone composition between two major clades of Heliconius are as expected: the clade with a greater potential for male–male competition (polyandrous) shows a faster rate of divergence than the one with typically monoandrous mating system. Taken together, our results provide evidence that for females, antiaphrodisiacs can be both honest signals of receptivity (helping reduce harassment) and chastity belts (a male‐imposed reduction in remating).
Lysozyme activity in the presence of nonionic detergent micelles

The effect of a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), on the hen egg‐white lysozyme catalyzed lysis of a dried cell suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus is analysed. A rate enhancement of up to 70% is observed in the presence of surfactant at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. This activity increase may be explained by postulating the existence of a micelle‐enzyme complex in which enzyme molecules are bound to micelles with preferential orientation of their active sites.
Analysis of High Intensity Activity in Premier League Soccer

The aim of the present investigation was to provide a detailed analysis of the high intensity running activity completed by elite soccer players during match-play. A further aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of high intensity running activity to overall team success. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on 563 outfield players (median of 8 games per player; range=1-57) competing in the English Premier League from 2003/2004 to 2005/2006 using a computerised tracking system (Prozone, Leeds, England). High intensity activities selected for analysis included total high intensity running distance (THIR), total sprint distance (TSD) and the number and type of sprints undertaken. Total high intensity running distance in possession and without possession of the ball was also analysed. The THIR was dependant upon playing position with wide midfield (1,049+/-106 m) and central defenders (681+/-128 m) completing the highest and lowest distance respectively (p<0.001). High intensity activity was also related to team success with teams finishing in the bottom five (919+/-128 m) and middle ten (917+/-143 m) league positions completing significantly more THIR compared with teams in the top five (885+/-113 m) (p=0.003). The THIR and TSD also significantly declined during the 2nd half with the greatest decrements observed in wide midfield and attacking players (p<0.05). Both positional differences in high intensity activity and the observed change in activity throughout the game were also influenced by team success (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that high intensity activity in elite soccer match-play is influenced by both playing position and previous activity in the game. These activity patterns are also dependant upon success of the team. This may indicate that overall technical and tactical effectiveness of the team rather than high levels of physical performance per se are more important in determining success in soccer.
Open-source machine translation between small languages : Catalan and Aranese Occitan Carme

We describe the use of an open-source shallow-transfer machine translation engine, Apertium, and existing open-source linguistic data to build a bidirectional machine translation system for a new pair of 'small' languages, Catalan (6 million speakers) and the Aranese variety (5000 speakers) of Occitan (about 1 million speakers), and discuss its possible uses and their effects on the linguistic normalization of the smaller language.
Tutors’ Forum: engaging distributed communities of practice

The need to engage students studying at a distance in order to reduce isolation, foster a sense of belonging and enhance learning has received significant attention over the past few years. Conversely, very little research has focused on teachers working in this type of environment. In fact, we argue, they appear to be the forgotten dimension in ‘communities’ of distance learning. In this paper we identify some of the problems generated by teaching university subjects simultaneously across a network of campuses: a practice known as multi‐location teaching. We examine strategies for engaging multi‐location teachers as key contributors to a quality learning experience for students, and provide an analysis of how identified teaching needs and professional development are addressed within one particular teaching team by a small but powerful micro‐practice called the ‘Tutors’ Forum’. Drawing on data collected through a survey and interviews conducted over 2006/07, we discuss the benefits and critical success factors of the Tutors’ Forum in facilitating engagement and professional development for teachers working at a distance from the subject coordinator and other members of the teaching team. These factors include a specific style of leadership that fosters an inclusive, dialogic space where the patterns of interaction are characterised by reciprocity, collegiality and professional care. We discuss the implications of this practice for the further engagement of university teachers in an increasingly casualised and fragmented higher education sector.
, Henk Generalizations of the Solution-Error Response-Error Model . Project Psychometric Aspects of Item Banking

DOCUMENT RESUME TM 020 586 Westers, Paul; Kelderman, Henk Generalizations of the Solution-Error Response-Error Model. Project Psychometric Aspects of Item Banking No. 54. Research Report 93-1. Twente Univ., Enschede (Netherlands). Dept. of Educationt Apr 93 45p. Bibliotheek, Department of Education, University of Twente, P.O. Box 2! 7, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. *Equations (Mathematics); *Estimation (Mathematics); Foreign Countries; Generalization; *Goodness of Fit; *Item Response Theory; *Mathematical Models; Pathology *Latent Class Models; Multidimensionality (Tests); Polytomous Scoring; *Solution Error Response Error Model In the last decade, several attempts have been made to relate item respunse theory (IRT) models to latent class analysis (LCA) models. One of these attempts is the solution-error response-error (SERS) model, an LCA model in which the structure of the latent class probabilities is explained by a one-dimensional loglinear Rasch model. In this paper, the SERE model is generalized to models for polytomously scored latent states that may be explained by a multidimensional latent space. In this generalized SERE model a distinctiol, is made between some well-defined latent states in which the subject has a certain amount of knowledge of the answer. The probability that the subject is in a certain state is assumed to be governed by the multidimensional polytomous latent trait model. The relationship between the latent states and the observed answers is described by conditional probabilities. Two appendixes present items from a clinical pathology test and a proof of the collapsed generalized SERE model. Five tables and four figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 38 references.) (SLD) ********************************* c******************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Generalizations of the Research , el In . Solution-Error Report el . 0 Response-Error Model 93-1 , cz w U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othce o Educaboner Ressarcrt and uncoorement EDUC NAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER tERICI Ns document has been ,e0,0CluCed as nscerved Pon, the person or organaatson or.gmatIng . 1 Mmor changes nave Peen made to rnprove reproduCtOn Cluahly Rooms 01 vtew Patflions SMICC1 en Mt accu. ment 00 not necesSaloy represent e.t. a; OERI postfion or pot.Cy 1Paul Westers Henk Kelderman ei,atfirent oif EDUCATION . Division ot Educational 'Aeasurement and Data Analysis "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " . 2 University of Twente
What is a Significant Educational Experience

This article analyses the nature of an educational experience by taking as its starting point Dewey’s Art as Experience in order to identify what it is that counts as a significant or worthwhile experience. Dewey suggests that an experience needs to have an integral character in which the different phases of the experience are related and which tends towards a conclusion. Furthermore, an experience also needs to have the character of what Dewey calls an ‘undergoing’, an engagement with content which may be difficult or painful. It is suggested that this kind of experience may be seen in terms of a ‘light’ pedagogy in which content is allowed to unfold. This is contrasted with educational experiences that are ‘teacher-driven’ or ‘learner-driven’. Education is often analysed in terms of process or outcomes. But in this article I wish to focus on the experience of education from the standpoint of the child or student who is having the experience. I want to see if there are characteristics of this experience that can be identified in such a way
Cytotaxonomy and karyoevolution of the genus Crenicichla (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

Karyotypes of six cichlid species of the genus Crenicichla were investigated. The species C. cincta, C. inpa, C. reticulata, C. lugubris, and C. cf. johanna were collected from Amazon basin, and C. britskii was collected from the Parana-Paraguai basin. All of the analysed species showed 2n = 48 chromosomes; however, C. cincta, C. lugubris, C. cf. johanna, and C. britskii had a karyotype formula of 8M-SM+40ST-A, FN = 56, while C. inpa and C. reticulata exhibited the formula 6M-SM+42ST-A, FN = 54. Analysis of active Ag-NORs revealed two NOR-bearing chromosomes in all species; however, theses cistrons were located on different chromosome pairs and/or in different chromosome locations in each species. This condition bears evolutionary significance, since it is the main chromosome marker of the process of karyotypic evolution among the species of the genus Crenicichla. In general, C-banding revealed a similar constitutive heterochromatin pattern in all species, although it was possible to detect some features that led us to infer that Crenicichla also presents a species-specific heterochromatin pattern.
Coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsite in Japan: Results from the HERPACC studies

Consumption of coffee, a popular beverage worldwide, has been associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Although CRC exhibits different biological characteristics by anatomical subsite, the possibly heterogeneous impact of coffee on CRC by anatomical subsite has remained unclear. Here, we conducted two case‐control studies to examine the association between coffee consumption and CRC risk as well as risk by anatomic subsite among Japanese using data from the Hospital‐based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center I and II (HERPACC‐I and II). Subjects were enrolled in HERPACC‐I between 1988 and 2000 and in HERPACC‐II between 2001 and 2005. Coffee consumption was measured with a self‐administered questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of CRC with coffee consumption, adjusted for potential confounders of age, smoking, alcohol drinking, red meat intake, BMI, exercise, family history of CRC, and diabetes mellitus history. We estimated summary ORs by pooling study‐specific ORs with a fixed effects model. In total, 2,696 CRC cases and 13,480 non‐cancer outpatients as controls were included. Overall, compared to non‐drinkers, ORs of less than 1 cup/day, 1–2 cups/day and 3 or more cups/day for CRC were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77–1.00), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80–1.01) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.92), respectively (trend‐p = 0.009). Subsite‐specific analysis revealed a significant inverse linear trend between coffee consumption and distal colon cancer (p‐trend = 0.048), and a tendency toward a lower risk of rectal cancer (p‐trend = 0.068). These findings suggest that coffee consumption might impact the prevention of CRC, especially distal colon cancer.
Abnormalities in left ventricular diastolic function in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis without clinically evident cardiovascular disease

Abstract. Epidemiological studies have suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease. We studied cardiac performance in 12 asymptomatic male patients with RA and 14 control subjects to elucidate early disturbances in cardiac function. In echocardiography, isovolumic relaxation time was longer (64 ± 6 vs. 49 ± 3 ms, mean ± SEM, P = 0.010) and peak filling rate (134 ± 10 vs. 159 ± 6 mm s‐1, P = 0.015) lower in patients with RA than in control subjects, reflecting an impairment in left ventricular diastolic function. Left ventricular systolic function assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography at rest and during exercise was similar in both groups. There were no differences between the patients with RA and control subjects in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure and oxygen uptake during peak exercise. Left ventricular diastolic function is impaired in spite of normal left ventricular systolic function in patients with R A without clinically evident cardiovascular disease and this may contribute to the excess of cardiovascular mortality in patients with RA.