Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal Modulates Attentional Bias to Angry Faces

Heightened attentional bias to emotional information is one of the main characteristics of disorders related to emotion dysregulation such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Although reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, is known to effectively modulate subjective experience of emotions, it remains unknown whether reappraisal can alter attentional biases to emotional information. In the current research, we investigated the influence of instruction-induced state reappraisal (Study 1) and trait reappraisal (Study 2) on attentional biases to happy and angry faces. In Study 1, healthy young women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: up-, down-, and no-regulation. Participants were instructed to reappraise their emotions to increase and decrease emotional experience while viewing an emotionally negative film clip. Attentional bias was assessed with a dot-probe task with pictures of angry and happy facial expressions. In Study 2, a separate group of healthy young men and women participated. Participants’ trait reappraisal and suppression as well as state and trait anxiety were assessed. A dot-probe task was completed by all participants. Statistical tests in Study 1 revealed that participants who reappraised to decrease negative emotions while viewing an emotionally negative film clip had reduced attentional bias to subsequently presented angry faces compared to participants who reappraised to increase negative emotions. Multiple regression analyses in Study 2 revealed that trait reappraisal predicted slower orienting toward angry faces, whereas state anxiety predicted slower disengagement from angry faces. Interestingly, trait suppression predicted slower disengagement from happy faces. Taken together, these results suggest that both instruction-induced state reappraisal and trait reappraisal are linked to reduced attentional bias to negative information and contribute to better understanding of how everyday emotion regulation styles contribute to attentional processing of emotional information.
PAK1 Promotes Intestinal Tumor Initiation

p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. PAK1 is a target of mesalamine [5-aminosylicylic acid (5-ASA)], a common drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with prospective chemopreventive properties. Here, we investigated whether PAK1 deletion impedes tumorigenesis in murine intestinal cancer models. Ten-week-old APCmin or APCmin/PAK1−/− mice were monitored for 8 weeks, euthanized, and assessed for tumor number and size. Six- to 8-week-old PAK1−/− and wild-type (WT) mice received one 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and four cycles of 1.7% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 4 days followed by 14 days of regular water. Mice also received 5-ASA via diet. Tumor incidence and size was assessed via colonoscopy and pathology. Molecular targets of PAK1 and 5-ASA were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both models. PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity and tumor burden but did not alter average tumor size in APCmin mice. IHC revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced p-AKT, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression in APCmin adenomas. Colonoscopy and pathologic analysis revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity without affecting tumor size in AOM/DSS-treated mice. 5-ASA treatment and PAK1 deletion impeded tumor multiplicity and dysplastic lesions in AOM/DSS mice. IHC further revealed that 5-ASA blocked β-catenin signaling via inhibition of PAK1/p-AKT. These data indicate that PAK1 contributes to initiation of intestinal carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 8(11); 1093–101. ©2015 AACR.
TANKER: Distributed Architecture for Named EntityRecognition and Disambiguation

Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation (NERD) systems have recently been widely researched to deal with the significant growth of the Web. NERD systems are crucial for several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as summarization, understanding, and machine translation. However, there is no standard interface specification, i.e. these systems may vary significantly either for exporting their outputs or for processing the inputs. Thus, when a given company desires to implement more than one NERD system, the process is quite exhaustive and prone to failure. In addition, industrial solutions demand critical requirements, e.g., large-scale processing, completeness, versatility, and licenses. Commonly, these requirements impose a limitation, making good NERD models to be ignored by companies. This paper presents TANKER, a distributed architecture which aims to overcome scalability, reliability and failure tolerance limitations related to industrial needs by combining NERD systems. To this end, TANKER relies on a micro-services oriented architecture, which enables agile development and delivery of complex enterprise applications. In addition, TANKER provides a standardized API which makes possible to combine several NERD systems at once.
β-Carboline and Quinoline Alkaloids in Root Cultures and Intact Plants of Peganum harmala

Alkaloid profiles of root and shoot cultures, seedlings and mature plants were analysed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. β-Carboline alkaloids, such as harmine, harmaline dominate in normal and root cultures transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, as well as in roots and fruits of the plant. In shoots, flowers and shoot cultures quinoline alkaloids such as peganine, deoxypeganine, vasicinone and deoxyvasicinone widely replace the β-carboline alkaloids. In root cultures, the formation of β-carboline alkaloids can be induced by methyljasmonate and several other elicitors indicating that these alkaloids are part of the reactive chemical defence system of Peganum harmala.
Efficiency of Drug Resistance Genotypic Tests in Specimens with Low HIV Viral Load

The early recognition of resistance to antiretroviral agents could allow a rapid switch in therapy and therefore avoid the accumulation of mutations and reduce the risk of cross-resistance. However, the efficiency of genotypic tests in specimens with low viral load (VL) is severely compromised since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in these samples often goes unrecognized. The frequency of results provided by a line probe assay (LiPA, Murex), a commercially available drug resistance test and a home-made point mutation assay (PMA) for recognizing the codon 151 multidrug-resistance mutation was examined in 664 plasma samples stratified with respect to VL values. Overall, 421 (63%) samples could be interpreted by both LiPA and PMA. The sensitivity decreased as plasma VL lowered: 89% for samples with VL >10000 HIV RNA copies/ml, 77% for those with VL between 500 and 10000 HIV RNA copies/ml and 37% for specimens with VL <500 HIV RNA copies/ml. A good agreement existed comparing the sensitivity of the home-made PMA and LiPA. Although the former tends to produce more results, the difference did not achieve statistical significance. Our results support that new, more sensitive, HIV RNA extraction methods need to be implemented for the rapid recognition of drug-resistant mutants in patients experiencing an early rebound in plasma viraemia.
Interactive Effects of Strain, Strain-Rate and Temperatures on Microstructure Evolution in High Rate Severe Plastic Deformation

During high rate severe plastic deformation (HRSPD), strain and strain-rate are not the only external factors that determine microstructural transformations in materials, temperature-rise due to heat generation from deformation processes, also plays an important role. Temperature may influence the microstructure directly by controlling grain growth kinetics and it may also have an indirect effect through the interactive effect on material behavior, which in turn, influences strain and strain-rate parameters. This complex thermomechanics of HRSPD can lead to myriad of microstructure and consequently, material properties and phenomenon. These deformation parameters can be utilized as a ‘fingerprint’ for the resulting microstructure, and the properties and phenomenon related to it. Here, we capture some of these microstructural transformations by relating grain and sub-grain sizes, to the deformation parameters. In doing so, we find evidence of continuous dynamic recrystallization operative under these HRSPD conditions, where the interplay of strain, strain rate and temperatures offer varying degrees of multimodality in the grain-size distributions.
IMPROVING ROUTE DIRECTIONS ON MOBILE DEVICES

The provision of information on mobile devices introduces interesting challenges The most obvious of these is that ways have to be found of optimising the use of the limited available space however we also have to take account of the fact that unlike many desktop based tasks activities carried out on mobile devices often require the user to attend to the external environment In such cases it is important that the device be able to provide relatively transparent assistance to the user s performance of a task in the real world Our focus is on the delivery of route descriptions via mobile devices our contention is that in this context meaningful segmentation of infor mation is a key element in meeting both of the above challenges This paper describes our approach to developing a mode of interaction which supports the cognitive involvement of the user in performing the task of following a route description we describe the technological underpin nings of the work and report on a pilot evaluation in a real task setting
An Efficient Algorithm for Phylogeny Reconstruction by Maximum Likelihood

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among species has been of tremendous interest since Darwin published the Origin of Species (Darwin, 1859). The evolutionary history (phylogeny) of species is typically represented as a phylogenetic tree. Nowadays, the reconstructing of the evolutionary history is still a major research topic. With the rise of molecular sequencing technologies, advanced computational approaches have been proposed to reconstruct phylogenies. Maximum likelihood is a statistical method for reconstructing phylogeny which gives better estimate of the true tree than those produced by other approaches. Howerver, maximum likelihood, is highly computational expensive. Therefore, different heuristics haven been proposed to solve this NP-hard problem. Among these, IQPNNI (Vinh and von Haeseler, 2004) has been shown to have highly regarded results. Nevertheless, it requires a lot of computation time. In the present work we introduce an improved version of the IQPNNI algorithm called IQTree. Here we focus on improving the runtime performance of IQPNNI by proposing a fast and reliable search algorithm for phylogeny reconstruction. To this end, we used the metaheuristic Iterated Local Search (ILS) as our underlying search framework, from which the possibility of using the search history to improve performance has been identified. Based on the search history we propose a strategy that directs the search to move quickly through regions, in which better trees are unlikely to be found. Furthermore, we introduce a vectorization technique to speed up computations in the tree evaluation function. Our results showed that IQ-Tree runs two to four times faster than IQPNNI, while the reconstructed phylogenetic trees have equal or better likelihood than those produced by IQPNNI.
Microbial Reduction and Precipitation of Vanadium by Shewanella oneidensis

ABSTRACT Shewanella oneidensis couples anaerobic oxidation of lactate, formate, and pyruvate to the reduction of vanadium pentoxide (VV). The bacterium reduces VV (vanadate ion) to VIV (vanadyl ion) in an anaerobic atmosphere. The resulting vanadyl ion precipitates as a VIV-containing solid.
Pinning of a kink in a Nonlinear Diffusive Medium with a Geometrical bifurcation: Theory and Experiments

We study the dynamics of a kink propagating in a Nagumo chain presenting a geometrical bifurcation. In the case of weak couplings, we define analytically and numerically the coupling conditions leading to the pinning of the kink at the bifurcation site. Moreover, real experiments using a nonlinear electrical lattice confirm the theoretical and numerical predictions.
Learning through Decision Tree in Simulated Soccer Environment

The robotic soccer is one of the most complex multiagent systems in which agents play the role of soccer players. The characteristics of such systems are: realtime, noisy, collaborative and adversarial. Therefore, playing agents must be capable to making decisions. This paper describes the use of decision tree to kick and catch the ball for two simulated soccer agents. One player shoots towards the goal and the other plays the role of goalkeeper. Experimental results have shown that rules achieved from decision tree lead to more effective operations in simulated soccer agent.
Large-Scale Evolutionary Patterns of Protein Domain Distributions in Eukaryotes

The genomic inventory of protein domains is an important indicator of an organism’s regulatory and metabolic capabilities. Existing gene annotations, however, can be plagued by substantial ascertainment biases that make it difficult to obtain and compare quantitative domain data. We find that quantitative trends across the Eukarya can be investigated based on a combination of gene prediction and standard domain annotation pipelines. Species-specific training is required, however, to account for the genomic peculiarities in many lineages. In contrast to earlier studies we find wide-spread statistically significant avoidance of protein domains associated with distinct functional high-level gene-ontology terms. 1998 ACM Subject Classification J.3 Life and Medical Sciences
Key management for encrypted broadcast

We consider broadcast applications where the transmissions need to be encrypted, such as direct broadcast digital TV networks or Internet multicast. In these applications the number of encrypted TV programs may be very large, but the secure memory capacity at the set-top terminals (STT) is severely limited due to the need to withstand pirate attacks and hardware tampering. Despite this, we would like to allow the service provider to offer different packages of programs to the users. A user who buys a package should be able to view every program belonging to that package, but nothing else. A flexible scheme should allow for packages of various sizes to be offered, from a single program up to all the programs. We suggest two novel schemes to manage the encryption keys for these applications. The schemes are highly flexible, and understandable to users, yet require very few keys to be stored in the STTs' secure memory. The computational power required of the STTs is very low. The security of these schems is as good or better than that offered by current technology.
On New Approaches of Assessing Network Vulnerability: Hardness and Approximation

Society relies heavily on its networked physical infrastructure and information systems. Accurately assessing the vulnerability of these systems against disruptive events is vital for planning and risk management. Existing approaches to vulnerability assessments of large-scale systems mainly focus on investigating inhomogeneous properties of the underlying graph elements. These measures and the associated heuristic solutions are limited in evaluating the vulnerability of large-scale network topologies. Furthermore, these approaches often fail to provide performance guarantees of the proposed solutions. In this paper, we propose a vulnerability measure, pairwise connectivity, and use it to formulate network vulnerability assessment as a graph-theoretical optimization problem, referred to as -disruptor. The objective is to identify the minimum set of critical network elements, namely nodes and edges, whose removal results in a specific degradation of the network global pairwise connectivity. We prove the NP-completeness and inapproximability of this problem and propose an pseudo-approximation algorithm to computing the set of critical nodes and an pseudo-approximation algorithm for computing the set of critical edges. The results of an extensive simulation-based experiment show the feasibility of our proposed vulnerability assessment framework and the efficiency of the proposed approximation algorithms in comparison to other approaches.
Forearm blood flow during ketamine anaesthesia.

Forearm blood flow was measured by strain gauge plethysmography and arterial pressure by the auscultatory method of Riva-Rocci in nine unpremedicated subjects during the awake control period and for 7 min after intravenous injection of ketamine 2 mg/kg. Forearm blood flow showed a rise from a mean control value of 4.8 ml/1000 ml/min to 12.9 ml/100 ml/min at 7 min, with values in between these two figures in the intervening period. The mean arterial pressure also rose from a mean control value of 81 to 111 mm Hg at 2 min, after which it showed a slight fall to 103 mm Hg at the end of 7 min. The vascular resistance fell from the mean control figure of 19 to 9 units. Though a rise in catecholamine levels has been reported during ketamine anaesthesia, the rise in adrenaline levels is small and insignificant. The vasodilatation seen in this study could be an active cholinergic one, due to apprehension consequent to nightmares during ketamine anaesthesia. The absence of any rise in forearm blood flow in those four patients who were given ketamine during nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation supports the latter view.
Efficient reconstruction of non-simple curves

We present a novel algorithm to reconstruct curves with self-intersections and multiple parts from unorganized strip-shaped points, which may have different local shape scales and sampling densities. We first extract an initial curve, a graph composed of polylines, to model the different structures of the points. Then a least-squares optimization is used to improve the geometric approximation. The initial curve is extracted in three steps: anisotropic farthest point sampling with an adaptable sphere, graph construction followed by non-linear region identification, and edge refinement. Our algorithm produces faithful results for points sampled from non-simple curves without pre-segmenting them. Experiments on many simulated and real data demonstrate the efficiency of our method, and more faithful curves are reconstructed compared to other existing methods.
Photodegradation of Sodium Nitroprusside: Biologic Activity and Cyanide Release

Because the belief that cyanide is released from nitroprusside in vivo recently was challenged, the authors performed a series of experiments that examined the conditions under which nitroprusside is degraded. These experiments include an examination of the release of cyanide and nitric oxide from nitroprusside in vitro, the release of cyanide in vivo, and a comparison of the biologic activity of intact and degraded nitroprusside. Nitroprusside in aqueous solution degraded when exposed to white or blue light but not to red light. While light at 20 μW·cm−2 produced 40% apparent photodegradation after 6 h exposure, while white light at 220 μW·cm−2 produced 100% apparent photodegradation after 2 h exposure. At 100% apparent photodegradation, 10% of the nitrosyl ligand was recovered as free nitric oxide, and 0.4% of the cyanide ligand was recovered as free cyanide. Following a 2-h infusion of light-protected nitroprusside in seven patients, cyanide concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 45.5 μM and 0.09 to 3.2 μM in blood and plasma, respectively. These values were not changed by exposing the samples to white light (220 μW·cm−2) for 4 h. Intact and photodegraded nitroprusside produced identical hypotensive responses in rats as would be expected, since the nitrosyl ligand was detected in solution following degradation, and it mediates this action. Cyanide was released from nitroprusside, both on its exposure to light in vitro and also in vivo. The latter was not an artifact of the assay for cyanide. Nitroprusside releases cyanide in vivo, and cyanide toxicity is a true complication of its use.
Robust face detection and hand posture recognition in color images for human-machine interaction

A system for the detection of human faces and for the classification of hand postures in color images is presented. We first propose to apply a combination of a skin chrominance-based image segmentation with a color vector gradient-based edge detection to efficiently detect faces and hands. A statistical model for face detection based on invariant moments is then used to discriminate between faces and hands in the segmented images. A novel approach to hand posture recognition based on phase-only correlation is finally applied to classify a subset of static hand postures of the Japanese sign language, each posture representing a given phoneme, and also to discriminate between hand postures and the image scene background. Experiments show that the additional use of the color gradient significantly improves the correct rate of face detection, and that the phase-only correlation filter yields a high rate of discrimination between different static hand postures as well as between hand postures and the scene background.
Generation of optimal obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimum tree

In this paper, we present an efficient method to solve the obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner tree problem optimally. Our work is developed based on the GeoSteiner approach, modified and extended to allow rectilinear blockages in the routing region. We extended the proofs on the possible topologies of full Steiner tree (FST) in [4] to allow blockages, where FST is the basic concept used in GeoSteiner. We can now handle hundreds of pins with multiple blockages, generating an optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time. This work serves as a pioneer in providing an optimal solution to this difficult problem.
Machine vision, dynamics and control

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