Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rho-dependent formation of epithelial “leader” cells during wound healing

The motile behavior of epithelial cells located at the edge of a large wound in a monolayer of cultured cells was analyzed. The initial cellular response is alignment of the edge with an accompanying formation of tangential marginal actin bundles within individual cells positioned along the wound edge. Later, coherent out-growths of cell masses occur by the formation of special “leader” cells at the tops of outgrowths and “follower” cells along the sides. Leader cells exhibit profound cytoskeletal reorganization, including disassembly of marginal bundles, the realignment of actin filament bundles, and penetration of microtubules into highly active lamellae. Additionally, cell–cell contacts acquire radial geometry indicative of increased contractile tension. Interestingly, leader cells acquire a cytoskeletal organization and motility typical of fibroblasts. IAR-2 cultures stably transfected with a dominant-negative mutant of RhoA or treated with Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 transformed most edge cells into leader-like cells. Alternatively, transfection of cells with constitutively active RhoA suppressed formation of leaders. Thus, expansion of the epithelial sheet involves functional differentiation into two distinct types of edge cells. The transition between these two patterns is controlled by Rho activity, which in turn controls the dynamic distribution and activity of actin filament bundles, myosin II, and microtubules.
A novel approach to skew-detection and correction of English alphabets for OCR

Optical Character Recognition has been a challenging field in the advent of digital computers. It is needed where information is to be readable both to humans and machines. The process of OCR is composed of a set of pre and post processing steps that decide the level of accuracy of recognition. This paper deals with one of the pre-processing steps involved in the OCR process i.e. Skew (Slant) Detection and Correction. The proposed algorithm implemented for skew-detection is termed as the COG (Centre of Gravity) method and for that of skew-correction is Sub-Pixel Shifting method. The algorithm has been kept simple and optimized for efficient skew-detection and correction. The performance analysis of the algorithm after testing has been aptly demonstrated.
Expression of integrin subunits in the human infant breast correlates with morphogenesis and differentiation

Integrins are widely expressed on normal tissues and their function is considered critical directly or indirectly with the control of cell growth and differentiation. Also, they are likely to play a crucial role in cell–matrix interactions during development. As the human breast develops after birth, it provides a rare opportunity in which to study human organogenesis. We have examined the distribution of integrins in the human infant breast with the aim of elucidating the possible role of these molecules in morphogenesis and differentiation. Necropsy breast specimens from six male and eight female infants, ranging in age from 1 day to 9 months, were used in this study. Cryostat sections were stained by the avidin‐biotin complex technique, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize β1, α2, α6, β4, αv, and αvβ3 integrin chains, which are candidate molecules for a role in mammory morphogenesis. MAbs to β1 (DH12) and α2 (HAS3) showed positive membrane and cytoplasmic staining of basal cells and luminal epithelial cells. In addition, positive staining for the β1 integrin chain was found on fibroblasts. A MAb which recognizes the α6 chain (MP4F10) showed positive staining of the basal cells and heterogeneous staining of the luminal epithelial cells, whilst β4 chain (439‐9B) showed positive staining in the basement membrane domain of the basal cells with no staining of the luminal epithelial cells. There was a positive correlation between the intensity of expression and the structural development of the ductal system, with integrin expression reduced or absent in the end buds and lateral buds. These data provide evidence that some integrin molecules are expressed in a pattern that correlates with the morphological and functional differentiation of the normal mammary gland. Changes in the expression and function of integrins may have an inductive role in the development of the normal mammary gland.
Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background Despite the high prevalence of depression in people with neurological disorders, no previous study has sought to summarise existing evidence on the use of antidepressants in this population. A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to determine whether antidepressants are more effective than placebo in the treatment of depression in neurological disorders, and whether any benefit is associated with improvement in function. Methods Embase, Pubmed, Psycinfo and Cochrane trial registers were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of antidepressant and placebo in the treatment of depression in adults with a neurological disorder. Findings 20 RCTs were included in the review, including patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, epilepsy and stroke. Outcomes were analysed at four time points: 4–5 weeks, 6–8 weeks, 9–18 weeks and >18 weeks. The primary outcome was response to treatment at 6–8 weeks. The evidence favoured the use of antidepressants over placebo at all time points although pooled results were not statistically significant at all time points. At 6–8 weeks, antidepressant treatment was associated with a greater than twofold odds of remission (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.54 to 3.23; number needed to treat=7). Fewer data were available for quality of life, and functional and cognitive outcomes, and there was little evidence of improvement with antidepressant treatment. Interpretation Antidepressants are effective for the treatment of depression in patients with neurological disorders but the evidence for the efficacy of antidepressants in improving quality of life, and functional and cognitive outcomes is inconclusive.
Malignant hyperthermia in a 6-month-old infant

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscles that manifests as a life-threatening crisis in susceptible individuals, after exposure to triggering agents, most commonly halothane and succinylcholine. MH presents with multiple nonspecific signs and laboratory findings such as tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypercarbia, acidosis, and muscle rigidity. Caffeine halothane contracture test is not available at most centers in India. Larach et al. have described a clinical grading scale for determining the MH raw score based on clinical findings and biochemical tests. The high degree of suspicion, early recognition and aggressive treatment should commence immediately. It is imperative to avoid triggering agents, such as volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, and promote the use of total intravenous anesthesia in MH susceptible patients. We report a case of 6-month-old child undergoing laparotomy under general anesthesia, who presented with signs and symptoms of MH, had MH rank 5 and raw score 36.
Volatility transmission between Hangseng index futures and option markets

By using bivariate EC-EGARCH model to test the daily data, the paper explore the information spillover effect between stock index futures and options markets. The results show that as follows: (1) there exists long-term balance between Hang-seng index futures and options prices; (2) the co-integration residual can explain the conditional return equation; (3) stock index option market plays a dominant role in price discovery.
Re-synchronization strategy for the synchronous power controller in HVDC systems

Frequency and voltage regulation are required to support the grid under different scenarios. In order to handle these scenarios, classical control strategies demand complex systems to fulfill these requirements. However, synchronous controllers are trending strategies to contribute with frequency and voltage regulation functionalities without the requirement of external elements. Among these strategies, the Synchronous Power Controller (SPC) is exceptional, due to its ability to operate a power converter in grid-forming or grid-feeding mode while providing grid supportive functionalities. Nevertheless, to avoid high power oscillations at the point of common coupling during grid connection, a grid synchronization strategy is mandatory. This paper proposes a synchronization strategy to adjust the angle, voltage amplitude and frequency of the converters controlled with the SPC. The proposed strategy has been simulated in an HVDC system with the SPC controlling the grid connected converter. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
World's first web census

Purpose – To measure the exact size of the world wide web (i.e. a census). The measure used is the number of publicly accessible web servers on port 80.Design/methodology/approach – Every IP address on the internet is queried for the presence of a web server.Findings – The census found 18,560,257 web servers.Research limitations/implications – Any web servers hidden behind a firewall, or that did not respond within a reasonable amount of time (20 seconds) were not counted by the census.Practical implications – Whenever a server is found, we download and store a copy of its homepage. The resulting database of homepages is a historical snapshot of the web which will be mined for information in the future.Originality/value – Past web surveys performed by various research groups were only estimates of the size of the web. This is the first time its size has been exactly measured.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: G protein‐coupled receptors

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/bph.13878/full. G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Analysis of the immune microenvironment in resected non-small cell lung cancer: the prognostic value of different T lymphocyte markers

The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor and heterogeneous and new biomarkers are needed. As the immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer, the study of immune-related markers may provide valuable prognostic information of NSCLC. In 122 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from early-stage NSCLC, tumor and tumor-near stromal areas were microdissected and gene expression levels of conventional and regulatory T cell markers were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Also, the presence of infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ cells in tumor samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The relative proportion of conventional and regulatory T cells present in the tumor environment was assessed and found to be key to understand the importance that the immune system analysis has in the prognostics of NSCLC patients. The presence of CD8+ cells in the tumor compartment was associated with better outcome, whereas the presence of FOXP3+ cells was associated with worse overall survival. The negative prognostic value of combined biomarkers, indicating high levels of FOXP3 in the stroma and low levels of CD4 or CD8 in tumors, was observed at mRNA level and was validated by immunohistochemistry.In conclusion, the proportion of T helper and cytotoxic cells vs. regulatory T cells in different locations of the tumor microenvironment have opposite prognostic impacts in resected NSCLC.
Reconfigurable Writing Architecture for Reliable RRAM Operation in Wide Temperature Ranges

Resistive switching memories [resistive RAM (RRAM)] are an attractive alternative to nonvolatile storage and nonconventional computing systems, but their behavior strongly depends on the cell features, driver circuit, and working conditions. In particular, the circuit temperature and writing voltage schemes become critical issues, determining resistive switching memories performance. These dependencies usually force a design time tradeoff among reliability, device endurance, and power consumption, thereby imposing nonflexible functioning schemes and limiting the system performance. In this paper, we present a writing architecture that ensures the correct operation no matter the working temperature and allows the dynamic load of application-oriented writing profiles. Thus, taking advantage of more efficient configurations, the system can be dynamically adapted to overcome RRAM intrinsic challenges. Several profiles are analyzed regarding power consumption, temperature-variations protection, and operation speed, showing speedups near $700\times $ compared with other published drivers.
Determination of antidepressants in surface and waste water samples by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection after preconcentration using off‐line solid‐phase extraction

A method for the quantitative determination of seven major antidepressants in surface waters and sewage treatment plant effluents by CE using ESI‐MS is presented. Calibration curves for the selected analytes were prepared in Milli‐Q purified water and Danube river water extract covering a concentration range of at least one order of magnitude. LODs achieved were between 6 and 13 μg/L for Trazodone and 39 and 53 μg/L for Sertraline in the Milli‐Q purified water and Danube river water matrix, respectively. For sample preparation eight different SPE materials were investigated. Best results were obtained for a resin based on hydrophilic divinylbenzene (recoveries from Milli‐Q purified water 93–96%; from Danube river water 85–99%). Finally, a series of eight sewage treatment plant effluents were investigated with respect to their content in the selected antidepressants. Six of these samples were tested positive for antidepressants, in particular Venlafaxine, Citalopram and Trazodone in concentrations between 36 and 322 ng/L.
A 10 Gbps eye opening monitor in 65nm CMOS

Monitoring the eye diagram at the output of an embedded analog adaptive equalizer used in a high speed serial link is challenging. Eye measurement using an external oscilloscope is problematic due to the bandwidth of the test setup. In this work, we describe the working principle and design details of a low cost, on-chip monitor circuit that enables the determination of the eye diagram. The eye opening monitor (EOM), implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, occupies 0.06 mm2 and consumes 5.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply. Measurements demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques.
Learning to Cluster with Auxiliary Tasks: A Semi-Supervised Approach

In this paper, we propose a model to learn a feature-category latent representation of the data, that is guided by a semi-supervised auxiliary task. The goal of this auxiliary task is to assign labels to unlabeled data and regularize the feature space. Our model is represented by a modified version of a Categorical Variational Autoencoder, i.e., a probabilistic generative model that approximates a categorical distribution with variational inference. We benefit from the autoencoder's architecture to learn powerful representations with Deep Neural Networks in an unsupervised way, and to optimize the model with semi-supervised tasks. We derived a loss function that integrates the probabilistic model with our auxiliary task to guide the learning process. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method achieving more than 90% of clustering accuracy by using only 100 labeled examples. Moreover we show that the learned features have discriminative properties that can be used for classification.
Asymmetric frequency shift in advertisement calls of sympatric frogs

Character displacement is commonly observed when species occur in secondary contact zones and traits related to resource competition or reproduction diverge in sympatry. However, few studies have considered the factors determining and delimiting the direction of character evolution in this context. We studied displacement in advertisement calls in two species of hylid frogs from allopatric and sympatric populations, both of which call with similar frequencies but differ substantially in temporal parameters. We found asymmetrical character displacement in sympatry, as only Scinax madeirae (but not S. fuscomarginatus ) repeatedly showed displacement. Instead of diverging in already existing differences in temporal characters, S. madeirae showed character displacement for frequency-related characters. We explored possible reasons for this specific pattern concerning the displaced characters and tested if socio-functional constraints in specific call parameters are responsible for the shift of only spectral parameters in that species. Finally, we argue that the simultaneous action of ecological and reproductive character displacement, or alternatively, a short-term behavioral response for the same reason (avoidance of hybridization) could explain the pattern. The present study identifies a set of new hypotheses that will stimulate future research on mechanisms of mate recognition and behavioral responses.
A Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE) Link Domain N-Glycan Is Required for Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Signaling in Response to the Uptake of Hyaluronan but Not Heparin, Dermatan Sulfate, or Acetylated Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)*

Background: The HARE HA binding Link domain contains N-glycans at Asn2280. Results: HARE(N2280A) cells endocytose HA or Hep normally; NF-κB signaling occurs normally during uptake of heparin, dermatan sulfate, or acetylated LDL but not hyaluronan. Conclusion: HA·HARE-mediated signaling requires a link domain N-glycan. Significance: A different mechanism for HA·HARE signaling versus other ligands indicates a physiologic need for special control of responses to circulating HA. The human hyaluronan (HA) receptor for endocytosis (HARE; the 190-kDa C terminus of Stab2) is a major clearance receptor for multiple circulating ligands including HA, heparin (Hep), acetylated LDL (AcLDL), dermatan sulfate (DS), apoptotic debris, and chondroitin sulfate types A, C, D, and E. We previously found that HARE contains an N-glycan in the HA binding Link domain (at Asn2280), and cells expressing membrane-bound HARE(N2280A) bind and endocytose HA normally (Harris, E. N., Parry, S., Sutton-Smith, M., Pandey, M. S., Panico, M., Morris, H. R., Haslam, S. M., Dell, A., and Weigel, P. H. (2010) Glycobiology 20, 991–1001). Also, NF-κB-mediated signaling is activated by HARE-mediated endocytosis of HA, Hep, AcLDL, or DS but not by chondroitin sulfates (Pandey, M. S., and Weigel, P. H. (2014) J. Biol. Chem. 289, 1756–1767). Here we investigated the role of Link N-glycans in ligand uptake and NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling. HA·HARE-mediated ERK1/2 activation was HA size- dependent, as found for NF-κB activation. HARE(N2280A) cells internalized HA, Hep, AcLDL, and DS normally. No ERK1/2 activation occurred during HA endocytosis by HARE(N2280A) cells, but activation did occur with Hep. Dual-luciferase recorder assays showed that NF-κB-mediated gene expression occurred normally in HARE(N2280A) cells endocytosing Hep, AcLDL, or DS but did not occur with HA. Activation of NF-κB by endogenous degradation of IκB-α was observed for HARE(N2280A) cells endocytosing Hep, AcLDL, or DS but not HA. We conclude that a Link domain complex N-glycan is required specifically for HARE·HA-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB-mediated gene expression and that this initial activation mechanism is different from and independent of the initial mechanisms for HARE-mediated signaling in response to Hep, AcLDL, or DS uptake.
Leptin therapy in a congenital leptin-deficient patient leads to acute and long-term changes in homeostatic, reward, and food-related brain areas.

CONTEXT Mutations that lead to congenital leptin deficiency cause severe obesity, hyperphagia, and impaired satiety due to malfunctions of peripheral and brain-related mechanisms. DESIGN AND PATIENT In a leptin-deficient adolescent girl, we investigated brain-related changes before and at two time points after leptin therapy (3 d and 6 months). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during visual stimulation with food (high and low caloric) and nonfood pictures. RESULTS Results show acute and long-term effects in the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area for the comparison of food and nonfood pictures. For the comparison of high and low caloric pictures, pure acute effects in the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex could be observed as well as acute and long-term effects in the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION This study gives additional insight in the influence of leptin therapy on brain functions in leptin deficiency.
PENGARUH STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP MINAT MELANJUTKAN STUDI KE PERGURUAN TINGGI PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA PUSAKA 1 JAKARTA

ABSTRACT NIKE PRATIWI SUCININGRUM. The Influence of Socioeconomic Status Parents Interest and Motivation to Learn to Pursue Studies to Collage at 11 Class in Pusaka 1 Senior High School. The Concentration of Economic Cooperation. Economic Education Study Program. Aconomic major and Administration. The Faculty of Economic. State University of Jakarta. 2015 This study attempts to describe socioeconomic status parents, motivation learn, interest continuing their studies to collage and test the influence of socioeconomic status parents and motivation to study for against interest continuing their studies to collage at 11 Class in Pusaka 1 Senior High School. The methodology used in this research is a method of the expost facto. While a method of analysis of data used path analisys. The results of the analysis shows that: (a) influence directly between socioeconomic status parents for against interest continuing their studies to collage at 11 Class in Pusaka 1 Senior High School of 22,2 % . (b) a direct influence between motivation to study for against interest continuing their studies to collage at 11 Class in Pusaka 1 Senior High School of 14.1%. (c) influence indirectly between socioeconomic status parents for against interest continuing their studies to collage of 18,1% .