Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wound Healing in the Hindbrain of the Chick Embryo

In the fore and midbrain regions of the neuraxis, closure of the neural canal involves fusion of the neuroepithelial layers of the neural folds. In the hindbrain region, however, fusion of the neuroepithelial portion of the neural folds does not occur. Rather, following apposition of the tips of the neural folds, many of the neuroepithelial cells that should participate in neural fold fusion undergo apoptosis. The rest of the neuroepithelial cells in the region of the dorsal midline undergo rearrangement and flattening to form a single-layered neuroepithelium of the hindbrain roof plate. It is not clear whether in the light of the above, the hindbrain region may be a weakened portion of the neuraxis, and therefore be predisposed to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs). The present study uses wound healing to ascertain whether the hindbrain roof plate at the time it is undergoing apoptosis possesses the ability to close when it is reopened through wounding. Chick embryos at stages 11 and 12 of development were wounded in the dorsal midline of hindbrain rhombomeres r1/r2 and r1-r3, and reincubated for varying periods of time to allow healing to be effected. Complete healing occurred in both r1/r2 and r1-r3 wounds, implying that the length of the wound did not affect the ability of the hindbrain roof plate to repair itself. Acridine orange histochemistry revealed that apoptosis in the hindbrain occurred normally in the presence of wound healing leading to the normal morphogenetic thinning of the hindbrain roof plate. The implication is that the early embryo has in place reparative mechanisms that ensure that assaults to it are taken care of, thereby preventing the interference of normal morphogenesis. Healing of the neuroepithelium in the presence of massive apoptosis suggests that apoptosis may not likely predispose the hindbrain to the development of NTDs.
Green Consumer Behavior of the Educated Segment in India

ABSTRACT Green consumption behavior is an essential requirement for long-term sustainable development of the Earth's civilization. Several authors have found education to be one of the key factors influencing green consumption behavior. This study identifies the factors influencing the willingness of university teachers to purchase green products and the predictor variables that distinguish teachers who are willing or unwilling to purchase green products. The findings show that product recycling has a positive influence and comfort, eco-labeling, and lack of information have a negative influence on the willingness of university teachers to purchase green products. Switching products for ecological reasons, preference for ecological quality, and a consideration that plastic carry bags are more convenient and should not be banned are good discriminators between the groups willing to buy and not willing to buy green products. The teachers are aware of environmental activism, even though their concerns do not always translate into green consumer behavior.
Comparison of Cost Incurred in Two Survey Methodologies for Measles Vaccine Coverage

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1974. It has been widely used in different studies. Along with this, other survey methodologies have been compared to study immunization coverage at different regions. To consider different survey methodologies, one of the most important factors is the cost incurred that survey methodology. A survey method is considered as more efficient or better than the other survey method if the cost incurred in a particular method is less than the other one. Methods: In this study, cost incurred in two stage (30 × 30) cluster sampling and systematic sampling methods have been compared using a cost function for measles vaccine coverage. Measles vaccine coverage data has been taken from the survey “Comparison of Two Survey Methodologies to Estimates Total Vaccination Coverage” sponsored by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. Results: The results show that there are no significant differences between the point estimates of measles vaccine coverage under the considered survey methodologies. But the cost incurred in systematic sampling is more than that of two stage cluster sampling. Conclusion: It can be concluded that systematic sampling survey is costlier than that of two stage cluster sampling for this study population.
The M4M5 Cytoplasmic Loop of the Na,K-ATPase, Overexpressed in Escherichia coli, Binds Nucleoside Triphosphates with the Same Selectivity as the Intact Native Protein*

Escherichia coli was used to overexpress the large cytoplasmic loop of the rat Na,K-ATPase. A 1260-base DNA segment encoding Lys354–Lys774of the rat α1-subunit was constructed via polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase chain reaction product was successfully subcloned into the expression vector pET-28 (Novagen), which produces an N-terminal 6-histidine-tagged fusion protein. The pET-28 vector containing rat α-loop, i.e. pAN, was used to transform calcium-competentE. coli BL21(DE3) cells, and positive clones were selected by kanamycin resistance. Bacterial cultures were grown, and protein synthesis was induced with isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside. Cells were harvested and lysed, revealing production of the His-tagged fusion protein (∼46 kDa). The fusion protein was affinity-purified from other soluble cellular proteins via a Ni-NTA column, which routinely yielded ∼20 mg of soluble His6-α-loop/L cell culture. The His6-α-loop retained significant native structure, as evidenced by the ability of ATP and ADP (but not AMP, CTP, GTP, or UTP) to protect against chemical modification by either fluorescein isothiocyanate or maleimidylanilinonapthalene sulfonic acid. More specifically, circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to estimate the secondary structure of the His6 loop, revealing an ordered folding composed of 23% α-helix, 23% antiparallel β-sheet, 4% parallel β-sheet, 19% β-turn, and 32% random coil. The 6-histidine loop bound the fluorescent ATP analog trinitrophenyl-ATP with high affinity, as determined by measuring the fluorescence changes associated with binding. Affinities for ATP (∼350 μm) and ADP (∼550 μm) were determined by their ability to compete with and displace 2′,3′-O-[2,4,6,-trinitrophenyl]-ATP. These nucleotide affinities are similar to those observed for the E2conformation of the intact Na,K-ATPase.
False discovery rate estimation for large‐scale homogeneous discrete p‐values

Large‐scale homogeneous discrete p‐values are encountered frequently in high‐throughput genomics studies, and the related multiple testing problems become challenging because most existing methods for the false discovery rate (FDR) assume continuous p‐values. In this article, we study the estimation of the null proportion and FDR for discrete p‐values with common support. In the finite sample setting, we propose a novel class of conservative FDR estimators. Furthermore, we show that a broad class of FDR estimators is simultaneously conservative over all support points under some weak dependence condition in the asymptotic setting. We further demonstrate the significant improvement of a newly proposed method over existing methods through simulation studies and a case study.
Study on a Text Reuse Measurement Method Using Expanded Index Term

Text reuse has become prominent in the process of information content digitalization owing to the popularization of the Internet and smartphones. Problems related to text reuse are various and complex, and these include problems related to text insertion, deletion, and replacement, and changing of word order. Moreover, in order to inspect reuse in texts with many sources, there must be an efficient method to inspect within a reasonable amount of time and using a reasonable amount of resources. This work is an attempt to improve accuracy of text reuse measurement by using expanded index terms, expanding the range of reused inspection sentences, and circularizing words in order to resolve the issue of undetected reused sentences that arise from the replacement of similar terms. The efficiency of the proposed method was proven through a comparative evaluation with the existing reuse inspection methods.
Managerial insights into sachet marketing strategies and popularity in the Philippines

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide managerial insights into how consumer goods companies adopt the traditional mini‐sized retail modalities and adjust their strategies to market sachets successfully in the Philippines.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses case studies through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with marketing managers from major multinational and regional companies that have used sachets as part of their marketing strategy.Findings – The findings suggest that companies use sachet marketing to facilitate trials of new products and to deliver value across the market by making products more affordable and accessible. The extensive network of corner stores provides the distribution system needed to reach the farthest and remotest markets. To be successful, the brands must be popular and priced in a manner compatible with the coinage system in a market.Originality/value – There has been little analysis of consumer goods companies' strategies that cause quick acceptance of.
A procedure to build multiword expression data set

In this paper, we propose a procedure employing natural language processing methods to build a golden standard multiword expression data set and present our Turkish MWE data set of 3946 positive and 4230 negative candidates that is built following the proposed procedure. The proposed procedure covers three main tasks. The first task is collecting a variety of MWE data resources in order to extract MWE candidates. We suggest the use of corpora together with idiom and term dictionaries. Second task in building MWE data set is extracting different types of MWE candidates from the resources. Here, we suggest the aggregation of four methods. Firstly, statistical methods are applied to extract MWE candidates that have high occurrence frequencies. Secondly, the linguistic properties such as part of speech patterns are considered to select MWE candidates. Thirdly, the candidates that mimic the properties of idioms or are already true idioms are chosen. Lastly, the candidates with domain specific properties, term-similar, are extracted. The final task to build a golden standard MWE data set is the labeling. In this task, the candidates are labeled either as MWE or non-MWE by multiple judges.
Effect of age on breast cancer outcomes in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: results from a herceptin adjuvant trial.

PURPOSE Previous research has suggested that young age at diagnosis is an independent risk factor for breast cancer recurrence and death. No prior studies have adequately controlled for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status or anti-HER2 treatment. We sought to evaluate whether age was a prognostic or predictive factor in the HERA trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used 2-year median follow-up data and dichotomized age at 40 years to evaluate its prognostic effect on outcomes for women assigned to trastuzumab for 1 year or observation. RESULTS Of the 1,703 women randomly assigned to 1 year of trastuzumab and 1,698 to observation, 722 (21%) were age ≤ 40 years at study entry. In separate Cox models, controlling for relevant prognostic and predictive factors, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs) were consistent for women age ≤ 40 versus > 40 years, regardless of treatment assignment (observation group: DFS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.54; OS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.69; trastuzumab group: DFS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.51; OS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.09). Interaction between age group and treatment effect was not statistically significant (DFS P = .89; OS P = .55). CONCLUSION In a retrospective analysis of a large randomized controlled trial of women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, age was not strongly associated with risk of early recurrence or prediction of benefit from trastuzumab therapy. Future research should investigate whether age is a predictor of later recurrence and evaluate the impact of age within groups with other tumor subtypes.
The New Bilaterally Pedicled V‐Y Advancement Flap for Face Reconstruction

&NA; A new bilaterally pedicled V‐Y advancement flap based on two subcutaneous pedicles that vascularize the skin island through subdermal plexus lateral bridges is described for face reconstruction. It differs from traditional V‐Y advancement flaps in that it does not rely on the classic subcutaneous “vertical” pedicle that is sectioned from top to bottom to improve advancement of the skin island. This technique had predictable results for 12 years in 425 consecutive patients, with infection occurring in 2.8 percent of the cases and complete necrosis in less than 1 percent of the flaps. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 109: 1870, 2002.)
Research on lane-marking line based camera calibration

In this paper, we present a novel camera calibration method which requires only a few easy attainable lane markings in traffic scenes. All we need to know beforehand are a pair of parallel lane markings with known lane width and either the camera height or the length of a land marking parallel to the road. If the camera height is known a-prior, a set of camera parameters such as the focal length, the tilt angle, and the pan angle can be recovered; if the length of a land marking parallel to the road is known a-prior, not only the above camera parameters, but the camera height can also be recovered. We show experimentally that the proposed method is capable of achieving accurate results in most traffic monitoring applications, including inverse perspective transformation and even 3-D estimation of vehicle dimensions.
Why Put All Your Eggs in One Basket? A Competition-Based View of How Technological Uncertainty Affects a Firm's Technological Specialization

Conventional wisdom suggests that when a firm faces technological uncertainty, it responds by becoming less technologically specialized so as to remain adaptable to subsequent resolution of this uncertainty. We adopt a competition-based view of technological uncertainty to identify an opposite effect in competitive settings: the firm may instead become more specialized when faced with greater technological uncertainty so as to focus on advancing its technologies against competition and influence the resolution of uncertainty in its favor over rivals. We propose that this effect is accentuated when the firm expects that it cannot easily adapt to rivals’ technologies subsequently, specifically when rivals are a greater deterrent through being litigious or innovative. Using U.S. government funding for fuel cell research as a policy shock, with stock option-implied volatilities to measure expected uncertainty, we find empirical support for our propositions among firms active in research and development in the U.S. communications equipment industry. Through these findings, we demonstrate that a competition-based view of uncertainty identifies an alternative path for the firm’s resource accumulation under uncertainty, and we stress that the resolution of uncertainty can be something the firm attempts to influence rather than adapt to.
Private-Label Use and Store Loyalty

The authors develop an econometric model of the relationship between a household's private-label (PL) share and its behavioral store loyalty. The model includes major drivers of these two behaviors and controls for simultaneity and nonlinearity in the relationship between them. The model is estimated with a unique data set that combines complete purchase records of a panel of Dutch households with demographic and psychographic data. The authors estimate the model for two retail chains in the Netherlands—the leading service chain with a well-differentiated high-share PL and the leading value chain with a lower-share PL. They find that PL share significantly affects all three measures of behavioral loyalty in the study: share of wallet, share of items purchased, and share of shopping trips. In addition, behavioral loyalty has a significant effect on PL share. For the service chain, the authors find that both effects are in the form of an inverted U. For the value chain, the effects are positive and nonlinear, but they do not exhibit nonmonotonicity, because PL share has not yet reached high enough levels. The managerial implications of this research are important. Retailers can reap the benefits of a virtuous cycle; greater PL share increases share of wallet, and greater share of wallet increases PL share. However, this virtuous cycle operates only to a point because heavy PL buyers tend to be loyal to price savings and PLs in general, not to the PL of any particular chain.
Consumer perceptions of internet‐based e‐retailing: an empirical research in Hong Kong

Purpose – This paper aims to explore consumer perceptions of Internet‐based e‐retailing in a highly concentrated retail market environment.Design/methodology/approach – The present research incorporates market and social factors to examine consumer attitude and behavioral intention to use internet‐based e‐retailing based on the survey data collected from individuals in Hong Kong.Findings – The empirical results suggest that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have positive impact on consumer attitude towards e‐retail business. The easily accessible local retail market and the concern about risk in the virtual environment significantly affect consumer attitude and behavioral intention to use e‐retailing. However, consumers may consider using e‐retailing if they are influenced by particular social groups.Research limitations/implications – Future research can be carried out along similar contextual dimensions to explore consumer behavior and critical success factors of e‐retail business in differ.
SMC reliable design for T-S model-based systems

This paper studies the robust reliable control issues based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system modeling method and the sliding mode control (SMC) technique. The combined scheme is shown to have the merits of both approaches. It not only alleviates the on-line computational burden by using the T-S fuzzy system model to approximate the original nonlinear one (since most of the system parameters of the T-S model can be computed off-line) but it also preserves the advantages of rapid response and robustness of the SMC schemes. Moreover, the combined scheme does not require on-line computation of any nonlinear term of the original dynamics and the increase in the partition number of the region of premise variables does not create extra on-line computational burdens for the scheme. Under the design, the control mission can continue safely without prompt external support even when the susceptible actuators fail to operate. The proposed analytical results are also applied to the attitude control of a spacecraft. Simulation results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed scheme.
The Impact of Actual Market Wide Short Selling Restrictions and Liquidity Constraints During the Financial Crisis of 2008

This paper aims to investigate if derivatives instruments act as a substitute for short sales during periods of restriction imposed on short selling in the cash market for stocks. Contrasting the trading activity in derivative instruments to the underlying stocks, we find no evidence of a transfer of short selling interests to the derivatives markets. In fact we find that trading volumes in derivatives are more negatively affected by the restrictions and the general liquidity crisis than for stocks where trading activity is actually increasing during the period. A larger proportion of price discovery is occurring in the cash market for stocks as opposed to futures during the crisis period, comparing 2008 to 2007.
Personalized Distance Learning System based on Sequence Analysis Algorithm

Personalized learning system can provide users with the most valuable learning resource to them through intelligent recommendation models and algorithms. This paper proposed the classical sequence analysis algorithms, and the Prefixspan algorithm is validated through distance learning platform data. In the event that the minimum support threshold is between 0.003 to 0.004%, test data shows that the performance of the algorithm's accuracy rate is relatively stable and the recommendation effect is satisfactory.
A new hardware coprocessor for accelerating Notification-Oriented applications

This paper presents a new hardware coprocessor to accelerate applications developed using the Notification-Oriented Paradigm (NOP). A NOP application presents the advantages of both event-based programming and declarative programming, enabling higher lever software development, improving code reuse, and reducing the number of unnecessary computations. Because a NOP application is composed of a network of small computational entities communicating only when needed, it is a good candidate for a direct hardware implementation. In order to investigate this assumption, we have created a coprocessor that is able to run existing NOP applications. The coprocessor was developed in VHDL and tested in FPGAs and provided a decrease of 96% in the number of clock cycles, compared to a purely software implementation.
Characteristics of early adopters in mobile communications markets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study consumers' adoption of mobile communications services, and to explore common denominators uniting those most likely to be early adopters; thereby, to help practitioners to predict early adoption and segment the market.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected by postal questionnaire from 26 per cent of a sample of 3,000 customers of a telecommunications service provider in Finland, stratified into three sub‐samples according to type of usage. For this paper, the returns from the two sub‐samples with the highest rates of use were analysed.Findings – Previous experience of related types of communications services significantly and positively influenced adoption of new mobile services. Certain of the respondents' demographic characteristics were also closely associated with early adoption.Research limitations/implications – Further studies are required before the findings can be applied beyond Scandinavia. Qualitative research could enhance understandin.
RF, DC, and reliability characteristics of Ta2O5 MIM capacitors

We present here the fabrication, the characterization, the reliability and the modeling of MIM capacitors using Ta2O5 as a dielectric. Leakage current of 3 mA/cm2 at 4 MV/cm, a breakdown field (Ebd) of 5.2 MV/cm and a capacitance density of 0.83 fF/mum2 have been obtained. For high temperature, current instability has been observed and has been attributed to ionic diffusion in dielectric and follows the space-charge-limited theory. This phenomenon increases dramatically the TDDB (Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown) which is a key aspect for our applications.
Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis Strain PR03, Isolated from a Local Hospital in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis is one of the pathogenic agents that commonly causes urinary tract infections among elderly individuals and long-term catheterized patients. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis strain PR03 (3,932,623 bp, with a G+C content of 38.6%) isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia.