Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction limits for a univariate normal observation

Abstract Basic statistics textbooks invariably introduce the topic of prediction in the context of simple regression for the bivariate normal model. It seems more appropriate, however, to introduce the topic in conjunction with univariate normal inference. Prediction limits for the univariate case build on elementary theory that is familiar to the student. This approach provides an easier transition to prediction in the regression framework and exposes the student at an earlier stage to important applications and ideas connected with prediction. Adoption of the approach may give prediction the more prominent position in basic statistical education that it deserves.
Recent progress in liquid chromatographic enantioseparation based upon diastereomer formation with fluorescent chiral derivatization reagents.

Techniques for the resolution by liquid chromatography of racemic compounds based upon diastereomer formation with a fluorescent chiral reagent are outlined in this review. The tagging reagents for various functional groups, i.e. amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl and thiol, are evaluated in terms of optical purity, handling, flexibility, stability, sensitivity and selectivity. The applicabilities of the reagents to drugs and biologically important substances are included in the text. This review is limited to reagents with fluorophores and reagents that exhibit fluorescence.
Incremental benefits and cost of coordinated anxiety learning and management for anxiety treatment in primary care

Background Improving the quality of mental health care requires integrating successful research interventions into ‘real-world’ practice settings. Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) is a treatment-delivery model for anxiety disorders encountered in primary care. CALM offers cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, or both; non-expert care managers assisting primary care clinicians with adherence promotion and medication optimization; computer-assisted CBT delivery; and outcome monitoring. This study describes incremental benefits, costs and net benefits of CALM versus usual care (UC). Method The CALM randomized, controlled effectiveness trial was conducted in 17 primary care clinics in four US cities from 2006 to 2009. Of 1062 eligible patients, 1004 English- or Spanish-speaking patients aged 18–75 years with panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with or without major depression were randomized. Anxiety-free days (AFDs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and expenditures for out-patient visits, emergency room (ER) visits, in-patient stays and psychiatric medications were estimated based on blinded telephone assessments at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Results Over 18 months, CALM participants, on average, experienced 57.1 more AFDs [95% confidence interval (CI) 31–83] and $245 additional medical expenses (95% CI $–733 to $1223). The mean incremental net benefit (INB) of CALM versus UC was positive when an AFD was valued ⩾$4. For QALYs based on the Short-Form Health Survey-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol EQ-5D, the mean INB was positive at ⩾$5000. Conclusions Compared with UC, CALM provides significant benefits with modest increases in health-care expenditures.
EQUIVALENCE OF ASTHMA CONTROL WITH NEW CFC‐FREE FORMULATION HFA‐134a BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE AND CFC‐BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE

SUMMARY The study was designed to test for equivalence of asthma control between a new aerosol formulation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) incorporating a chlorofluorocarbon‐(CFC) free, hydrofluoroalkane propellant (HFA‐134a) and the conventional beclomethasone aerosol formulated in CFC propellants. Sixty‐eight asthmatic patients entered an eight‐week, randomised, double‐blind crossover study. All patients, previously stabilised on BDP, were randomised to receive the same dose of BDP from each of the study treatments. Statistically significant equivalence was demonstrated between HFA‐BDP and CFC‐BDP for asthma control parameters: FEV1, morning and evening PEF, sleep disturbance, wheeze and cough, morning breathlessness and bronchodilator use. Such equivalence was also demonstrated for safety parameters. To conclude, it has been demonstrated that HFA‐BDP achieves a level of asthma control that is clinically and statistically equivalent to CFC‐BDP in terms of efficacy and safety, at total daily doses ranging from 200 μg to 600 μg in asthma patients previously stabilised on inhaled CFC‐BDP.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 50 EARLY- OR LATE-ONSET RETINAL DETACHMENTS AFTER OPEN OR CLOSED GLOBE INJURY

Purpose: To compare initial findings and final prognosis of retinal detachments (RDs) secondary to open or closed ocular injuries. Methods: This prospective study comprised 50 consecutive patients with open (n = 25, with initial successful repair) or closed (n = 25) globe injuries during a 3-year period (2004-2007), with follow-up of at least 6 months (10.1 ± 5.8 months). The most common surgical procedure (76%) was pars plana vitrectomy. Results: Clinical findings were similar in both groups for RD location and extent, frequency of macular involvement, number and nature of tears, and grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Retinal detachment secondary to open/closed globe injury differed significantly, with longer time to onset after trauma, lower frequency in children, and higher rate of aphakia. Final anatomical and functional prognosis and rate of RD recurrence (25%) were similar in both groups. Good final visual prognosis (≥20/40) was significantly associated with initial visual acuity >20/200 and macula-on RD. Definitive redetachments (n = 3) were related to history of posttrauma endophthalmitis, posterior intraocular foreign body, or severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Conclusion: Final prognosis was similar in eyes with RD secondary to open and closed globe injuries. The surgical technique depended mainly on lens status, type of retinal tear (dialysis and giant retinal tear), and the presence of preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Final prognosis (visual acuity ≥20/40) was associated with initial visual acuity >20/200 and macula-on status.
Designing 3.125 GHz bang-bang PLL for Clock Recovery in 6.25 Gbps Backplane Communication Receiver

A 3.125 GHz Clock Recovery (CR) circuit used in the 6.25Gbps SerDes for Backplane Communication Receiver is described. Bang-bang PLL architecture is utilized for its high operation speed. An Alexander phase detector (PD) and a LC voltage-control oscillator (VCO) are involved in the circuit. The behavior of the nonlinear bang-bang PLL is modeled to give approximate evaluation of the loop stability. The circuit has been implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The test result indicates that the frequency of the VCO is from 3 GHz to 3.35 GHz, the voltage gain is 270 MHz/V, and the phase noise is −118.38 dBc/Hz @1 MHz. The chip consumes less than 81 mW with 1.8 V power supply, and occupies 0.5 mm2 area.
The Retirement Strategy of Supreme Court Justices: An Economic Approach

Previous research has identified strategic behavior in the nomination, confirmation, and retirement processes of the Supreme Court, each independently. This paper analyzes the interaction between the justices, the president, and the Senate in these processes. I constructed a game theoretic model to consider the nomination and approval process of Supreme Court justices and the change in dynamics that might result from an impending election. I hypothesize that sitting justices take into account the party affiliations of the president and the Senate when they are deciding whether it is the optimal time to retire to achieve their own strategic objectives. The results from testing my econometric model provided evidence in support of my hypothesis – justices are more likely to retire under a same party president, and they are more likely to retire in the first two years of a president’s term. Running Head: Retirement Strategy of Supreme Court Justices Joyce 3
Year : 2008 SPARQL Basic Graph Pattern Optimization Using Selectivity

In this paper, we formalize the problem of Basic Graph Pattern (BGP) optimization for SPARQL queries and main memory graph implementations of RDF data. We define and analyze the characteristics of heuristics for selectivity-based static BGP optimization. The heuristics range from simple triple pattern variable counting to more sophisticated selectivity estimation techniques. Customized summary statistics for RDF data enable the selectivity estimation of joined triple patterns and the development of efficient heuristics. Using the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM), we evaluate the performance of the heuristics for the queries provided by the LUBM and discuss some of them in more details. Note that the SPARQL versions of the 14 LUBM queries and the University0 data set we used in this paper can be downloaded from here. SPARQL Basic Graph Pattern Optimization Using Selectivity Estimation Markus Stocker HP Laboratories Bristol United Kingdom markus.stocker@gmail.com Andy Seaborne HP Laboratories Bristol United Kingdom andy.seaborne@hp.com Abraham Bernstein Department of Informatics University of Zurich Switzerland bernstein@ifi.uzh. ch Christoph Kiefer Department of Informatics University of Zurich Switzerland kiefer@ifi.uzh. ch Dave Reynolds HP Laboratories Bristol United Kingdom dave.reynolds@hp.com
Toward a predictable and secure data cache algorithm: A cross-layer approach

Nowadays, the gap between processor and memory speed has grown enough to make the cache usage unavoidable in order to take real advantage of the processor's capabilities. Nevertheless, the data cache usage causes in the same time hard real-time and security concerns. As a consequence, some real-time compliant data cache algorithms have been developed. The goal of such algorithms is to reduce the WCET (Worst-Case Execution Time) of tasks. Unfortunately they have an impact on the system security, generating breaches in the tasks partitioning. This article contributes to the definition of a data cache algorithm meeting at the same time security and real-time requirements using a cross-layering approach between the underlying hardware and the running kernel. In order to contribute to such an algorithm, this article defines properties needed at the same time by hard real-time systems and partitioned secure systems.
Optical Characteristics of Southeast Asia's Regional Aerosols and Their Sources

ABSTRACT The dominant optical characteristics of Southeast Asia (SEA)'s regional aerosols were determined from the cluster analysis of the 26 AERONET aerosol inversion products, including aerosol light scattering/absorption indicators and aerosol size/shape parameters retrieved from 2003 to 2007. The data sets were acquired from four stations: Bac Giang in Vietnam and Mukdahan, Pimai, and Silpakorn University in Thailand. The cluster analysis showed agreement among the aerosol optical characteristics, land cover/uses, season as the surrogate of the prevailing winds, and observations from the literature. The results of this study showed that during the northeast prevailing winds from mid-September to December, the high aerosol exposure events were most frequently observed over the upwind station and less often over the downwind stations. This aerosol exhibited a single scattering albedo (SSA) of approximately 0.95 (440 nm), a relatively low refractive index, and a larger fine-mode size, suggesting it had the characteristics of urban/industrial aerosols reported in the literature. These aerosol sources were upwind from Bac Giang, probably in eastern China. From January to April, the aerosol exhibited a lower SSA of approximately 0.90, a higher refractive index, and a smaller fine-mode size, suggesting biomass burning smoke reported in the literature. The SEA urban aerosol exhibited a mean SSA of approximately 0.90 (440 nm) or lower, and the coarse-mode aerosol, possibly road dust or soil dust, played a role from October to January when seasonal winds are strongest. The results from a canonical discriminant function analysis suggest that the dominant SEA aerosol clusters tended to be separated by a canonical function positively correlated with SSA, the fine-mode asymmetry factor, and the overall fine-mode size and negatively correlated with the refractive index. IMPLICATIONS Previous SEA aerosol source contribution studies using traditional mass balance or positive matrix factorization analysis were focused on local urban sources, which may not represent the sources of the regional aerosol. Aerosol optical properties are a low-cost option for evaluating the large-scale atmospheric aerosols and their potential sources. Understanding optical characteristics of aerosol also helps assess its role in global climate, which is useful for air model developments and air pollution management.
Permutohedral lattice in 3D point cloud processing

Noise is inherent in digital systems. To smooth a point cloud while preserving sharp edges, a new 3D bilateral filter is proposed. It uses the point cloud normal vector in addition to color as a position vector for preserving sharp edges while smoothing the color. The bilateral blurs data while preserving strong edges. In 2D images, the concept of edge is defined by an abrupt change in color. In this paper, the 3D edge is defined as a change in color or point cloud normal vector. The 3D difference of Gaussians (3D DoG) is presented by subtracting two bilateral filters with different standard deviations in color and normal space. The new 3D normal-non-local means (NNM) filter is proposed for denoising the unstructured point cloud. In the proposed NNM filter, in the kd-tree nearest neighbor search in position vector, the normal vector is considered instead of the point color. Since it needs high dimensional Gaussian filtering, the time complexity is high. Therefore, the Permutohedral lattice is used for Gaussian processing. For high dimensional filtering of n values in d dimensions it has a time complexity of 0(d2n) and space complexity of(dn).
Variable structure control of a redundant robotic manipulator

Absrracr: A variable structure system controller is developed to achieve set-point control and trajectory control of a redundant robotic manipulator for automated grinding. Precise control of a grinding robot is challenging because the system dynamics are highly coupled and nonlinear. Moreover, control parameters of the system are configuration dependent and difficult to accurately model. Variable structure systems (VSS) are robust to variations of system parameters and external disturbances, and they do not require accurate modeling. VSS implementation provides an attractive alternative. A control law based on VSS and sliding mode control is described. Redundancy results in non-uniqueness of the inverse kinematic and dynamic solutions, so that non-teaching control methods are difficult to implement. To overcome this difficulty, we propose method for regulation and trajectory control of the redundant robotic am^ by the use of dedicated controllers to specific joints and specific control commands. Variable structure control is applied to a four degree of freedom robotic manipulator for grinding. The system is modeled using ADAMS and exported to a MATL.Al3 environment where controllers are added and the system is simulated. The results show high potential for applying VSS control without teaching.
Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of urban greenery as illustrated by the example of Adam Mickiewicz University Botanical Garden, PoznańBzygowate (Diptera, Syrphidae) występujące na terenach zieleni miejskiej na przykładzie Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Summary The observations of the hoverflies (Syrphidae) inhabiting city greenery were conducted in 2007–2013, in Adam Mickiewicz University Botanical Garden, Poznan. The research used the method of catching with a net and into Moericke’s yellow traps. The study recorded 94 hoverfly species of 47 genera, which constitutes about 24% Syrphidae fauna in Poland, including 51 species whose larvae are zoophagous. An analysis of the occurrence phenology of selected predatory Syrphidae species proved that Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776), Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794), Sphaerophoria scripta (Linnaeus, 1758) and the representatives of the Syrphu s genus were active throughout the vegetation season. In all the study years the species Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) was the most numerous (64.9% of the specimens caught), which was included in the eudominant class.
Analysis of the σE Regulon in Crohn's Disease-Associated Escherichia coli Revealed Involvement of the waaWVL Operon in Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Ileal lesions of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which is able to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), to replicate within macrophages, and to form biofilms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa. Previous analyses indicated the involvement of the σE pathway in AIEC-IEC interaction, as well as in biofilm formation, with σE pathway inhibition leading to an impaired ability of AIEC to colonize the intestinal mucosa and to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to characterize the σE regulon of AIEC strain LF82 in order to identify members involved in AIEC phenotypes. Using comparative in silico analysis of the σE regulon, we identified the waaWVL operon as a new member of the σE regulon in reference AIEC strain LF82. We determined that the waaWVL operon is involved in AIEC lipopolysaccharide structure and composition, and the waaWVL operon was found to be essential for AIEC strains to produce biofilm and to colonize the intestinal mucosa. IMPORTANCE An increased prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria was previously observed in the intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and clinical observations revealed bacterial biofilms associated with the mucosa of CD patients. Here, analysis of the σE regulon in AIEC and commensal E. coli identified 12 genes controlled by σE only in AIEC. Among them, WaaWVL factors were found to play an essential role in biofilm formation and mucosal colonization by AIEC. In addition to identifying molecular tools that revealed a pathogenic population of E. coli colonizing the mucosa of CD patients, these results indicate that targeting the waaWVL operon could be a potent therapeutic strategy to interfere with the ability of AIEC to form biofilms and to colonize the gut mucosa.
Submonthly Variability of Convection and Circulation over and around the Tibetan Plateau during the Boreal Summer

Convective variability at submonthly timescales (7-20 days) over the Tibetan Plateau and the associated large-scale atmospheric circulation and convection were examined over regions affected by the Asian Monsoon. The mature phase of the Asian summer monsoon (July-August) was analyzed for those years (1986, 93, 98) in which convective variability on timescales of 14 days was notable over the Tibetan Plateau.Composite analyses of OLR, based on the filtered Tbb time series over the southern Tibetan Plateau, show that significant convective signals rotate clockwise around 28°N, 90°E, affecting the Tibetan Plateau, Indochina, the Bay of Bengal, and India. Significant signals also appear around the Philippines and the South China Sea. A well-developed wave train extending from North Africa to far-east Asia along the Asian subtropical jet is associated with convective fluctuations over the plateau. The waves are quasi-stationary and have a Rossby wave-like downward wave train with wavenumber 7.The waves control convective fluctuations over the plateau. During the transition to active (inactive) convection, an upper-level trough (ridge) develops west of the plateau. Simultaneously, cyclonic anomalies strengthen over India between the lower and middle troposphere. The development of the two troughs induces a southerly flow of moist air toward the plateau. Moistening of the lower atmosphere creates favorable conditions for subsequent active moist convection.Possible processes for forming the wave train over the subtropical jet and a link for convective signals between midlatitudes and the Asian monsoon are discussed.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE6 gene product: a novel pathway for protein export in eukaryotic cells.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa cells release a lipopeptide mating pheromone, a‐factor. Radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation show that MATa ste6 mutants produce pro‐a‐factor and mature a‐factor intracellularly, but little or no extracellular pheromone. Normal MATa cells carrying a multicopy plasmid containing both MFa1 (pro‐a‐factor structural gene) and the STE6 gene secrete a‐factor at least five times faster than the same cells carrying only MFa1 in the same vector. The nucleotide sequence of the STE6 gene predicts a 1290 residue polypeptide with multiple membrane spanning segments and two hydrophilic domains, each strikingly homologous to a set of well‐characterized prokaryotic permeases (including hlyB, oppD, hisP, malK and pstB) and sharing even greater identity with mammalian mdr (multiple drug resistance) transporters. These results suggest that the STE6 protein in yeast, and possibly mdr in animals, is a transmembrane translocator that exports polypeptides by a route independent of the classical secretory pathway.
The Effect of Process and Formulation Variables on the Properties of Spray‐dried β‐Galactosidase

Abstract— The objective of this study was to evaluate the joint effects of various processing and formulation variables on the properties of spray‐dried β‐galactosidase using statistically designed experiments. The key response variables evaluated were product yield, residual enzymatic activity, moisture content and particle size and appearance. The residual enzymatic activity and product yield were significantly affected by the processing variables. The highest product yields were obtained when the drier outlet temperature was relatively high, resulting in extensive protein denaturation. Subsequent experiments, therefore, compared the relative effectiveness of four stabilizers (mannitol, sucrose, arginine hydrochloride and trehalose) in terms of their ability to preserve enzymatic activity during the spray‐drying process and during long‐term storage. Trehalose was the most suitable stabilizer. The effect of a number of other formulation variables (total solids level, ratio of stabilizer to protein, presence of surfactant and presence of buffer) was also investigated. A final formulation consisting of 6% β‐galactosidase and 10% trehalose in deionized water was selected. Spray‐drying at inlet and outlet temperatures of 140 and 95°C, respectively, results in greater than 70% yields of a fully active product with a moisture content of 2–5% and a mean particle size of 2–4 μm.
Modeling household behavior in developing countries: discussion.

A large and growing body of literature has examined how agricultural households cope with risk. Much of the work has focused on which types of households are better able to smooth consumption, testing whether households with more resources and greater access to income-smoothing institutions, such as credit markets or well-functioning labor markets exhibit greater consumption smoothing. However, income shocks may have different effects upon different individuals within households, and differences in individual ability to smooth income or consumption may have welfare consequences which go beyond foregone income. The development of collective household models challenges the assumption that individuals within households maximize a single utility function. The assumption of income pooling has also been rejected in a growing body of empirical research on intrahousehold resource allocation. However, research on risk-pooling within households and differences in individual abilities to smooth consumption is relatively new. Selected papers are discussed.