Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Interval Approach for Encoding Words Into Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Its Convergence Analysis

Construction of interval type-2 fuzzy set models is the first step in the perceptual computer, which is an implementation of computing with words. The interval approach (IA) has, so far, been the only systematic method to construct such models from data intervals that are collected from a survey. However, as pointed out in this paper, it has some limitations, and its performance can be further improved. This paper proposes an enhanced interval approach (EIA) and demonstrates its performance on data that are collected from a web survey. The data part of the EIA has more strict and reasonable tests than the IA, and the fuzzy set part of the EIA has an improved procedure to compute the lower membership function. We also perform a convergence analysis to answer two important questions: 1) Does the output interval type-2 fuzzy set from the EIA converge to a stable model as increasingly more data intervals are collected, and 2) if it converges, then how many data intervals are needed before the resulting interval type-2 fuzzy set is sufficiently similar to the model obtained from infinitely many data intervals? We show that the EIA converges in a mean-square sense, and generally, 30 data intervals seem to be a good compromise between cost and accuracy.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHTHALOCYANINES—V. PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF EMT‐6 MAMMARY TUMORS IN MICE WITH SULFONATED PHTHALOCYANINES

Abstract— We tested water‐soluble sulfonated phthalocyanine and three metal chelate derivatives for their tumoricidal effect on the EMT‐6 mammary tumor in mice exposed to red light. The metal‐free sulfophthalocyanine had little effect, whereas the aluminum complex and the lower sulfonated fraction of the gallium complex exhibited tumoricidal activity similar to hematoporphyrin‐based photosensitizer (Photofrin II). The higher sulfonated fractions of the gallium complex were less active as compared to the lower sulfonated fraction. The cerium complex was the most active sensitizer in terms of dye and light doses required to induce tumor necrosis and cure but also showed the highest phototoxicity towards healthy skin. These results suggest that sulfonated phthalocyanines will offer a new alternative in photodynamic therapy of light‐accessible neoplasms.
Is Religious Coping a Moderator Of Perceived Control and Panic Symptoms in African American Adults?

Extant research has established a strong association between perceived control and anxiety; however, limited work has examined perceived control within the context of fear-based anxiety disorders and in ethnic minority populations. Further, scant attention has been paid to protective factors that may moderate the relationship between perceived control and anxiety. The current study investigated the relationship between perceived control, positive religious coping, and panic-related fears in a community-based African American adult sample (N = 91, mean age = 38, 91% female). Results from hierarchical linear regression indicated that perceived control significantly predicted all panic subscales (i.e., total panic symptoms, agoraphobic fears, social phobia fears, interoceptive fears); however, positive religious coping moderated only the relationship between perceived control and agoraphobic fears. Simple slopes analyses revealed that increased levels of positive religious coping resulted in a strengthened negative relationship between perceived control and agoraphobic fears.
A combination classification method of multiple decisions trees-based on generic algorithm towards customer behavior

In order to solve the classification problems of customer behaviors with randomicity and non-conformability, a combination classification method is proposed of multiple decision trees based on genetic algorithm. In this method, multiple decision trees that adopt the method of probability measurement level output are combined in parallel. Genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize connection weight matrix in combination algorithm. Furthermore, two sets of simulation experiment data are used to test and evaluate the proposed method. Results of the experiments indicate that the proposed method generates a higher classification accuracy rate than other methodspsila for customer behavior segmentation.
Mimotopes of Apical Membrane Antigen 1: Structures of Phage-Derived Peptides Recognized by the Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibody 4G2dc1 and Design of a More Active Analogue

ABSTRACT Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is an integral membrane protein that plays a key role in merozoite invasion of host erythrocytes. A monoclonal antibody, 4G2dc1, recognizes correctly folded AMA1 and blocks merozoite invasion. Phage display was used to identify peptides that bind to 4G2dc1 and mimic an important epitope of AMA1. Three of the highest-affinity binders—J1, J3, and J7—were chosen for antigenicity and immunogenicity studies. J1 and J7 were found to be true antigen mimics since both peptides generated inhibitory antibodies in rabbits (J. L. Casey et al., Infect. Immun. 72:1126-1134, 2004). In the present study, the solution structures of all three mimotopes were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J1 adopted a well-defined region of structure, which can be attributed in part to the interactions of Trp11 with surrounding residues. In contrast, J3 and J7 did not adopt an ordered conformation over the majority of residues, although they share a region of local structure across their consensus sequence. Since J1 was the most structured of the peptides, it provided a template for the design of a constrained analogue, J1cc, which shares a structure similar to that of J1 and has a disulfide-stabilized conformation around the Trp11 region. J1cc binds with greater affinity to 4G2dc1 than does J1. These peptide structures provide the foundation for a better understanding of the complex conformational nature of inhibitory epitopes on AMA1. With its greater conformational stability and higher affinity for AMA1, J1cc may be a better in vitro correlate of immunity than the peptides identified by phage display.
Impact of Cheating and Non-Cooperation on the Stability and the Performances of Application-Level Multicast Sessions

Application level multicast protocols construct an overlay tree between end-hosts participating in the multicast session. The efficiently of the constructed overlay tree depends entirely on the honesty and on the cooperation of all participating members. However such behavior can not be guaranteed and some selfish and non-cooperative nodes may take profit from the honesty of other members in the overlay. In this paper we investigate the negative impact of cheating nodes on the performances and on the stability of overlay tree constructed by our MDA-ALM protocol.
Semaphore queues: modeling multilayered window flow control mechanisms

An open queuing network for analyzing multilayered window flow control mechanisms consisting of different subnetworks is presented. The number of customers in each subnetwork is controlled by a semaphore queue. The queuing network is analyzed approximately using decomposition and aggregation. The approximation was validated against exact numerical and simulation data, and it was found to have an acceptable relative error. The queuing model is easy to implement, and it can be included in a software package. Using this queuing network, a case study involving the modeling and analysis of the ISO X25 flow control mechanism is presented. >
Non-canonical targets destabilize microRNAs in human Argonautes

Abstract Although much is known about microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate their targets, little is known about the regulation of miRNA stability. Mature miRNAs are stabilized by binding to Argonaute (Ago) proteins, the core components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Recent studies suggest that interactions between miRNAs and their highly complementary target RNAs promote release of miRNAs from Ago proteins, and this in turn can lead to destabilization of miRNAs. However, the physiological triggers of miRNA destabilization with molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, using an in vitro system that consists of a minimal human Ago2–RISC in HEK293T cell lysates, we sought to understand how miRNAs are destabilized by their targets. Strikingly, we showed that miRNA destabilization is dramatically enhanced by an interaction with seedless, non-canonical targets. We then showed that this process entails not only unloading of miRNAs from Ago, but also 3΄ end destabilization of miRNAs occurred within Ago. Furthermore, our mutation analysis indicates that conformational changes in the hinge region of the Ago PAZ domain are likely to be the main driving force of the miRNA destabilization. Our collective results suggest that non-canonical targets may provide a stability control mechanism in the regulation of miRNAs in humans.
Plasmonic coupled-cavity system for enhancement of surface plasmon localization in plasmonic detectors

A plasmonic coupled-cavity system, which consists of a quarter-wave coupler cavity, a resonant Fabry–Pérot detector nanocavity, and an off-resonant reflector cavity, is used to enhance the localization of surface plasmons in a plasmonic detector. The coupler cavity is designed based on transmission line theory and wavelength scaling rules in the optical regime, while the reflector cavity is derived from off-resonant resonator structures to attenuate transmission of plasmonic waves. We observed strong coupling of the cavities in simulation results, with an 86% improvement of surface plasmon localization achieved. The plasmonic coupled-cavity system may find useful applications in areas of nanoscale photodetectors, sensors, and an assortment of plasmonic-circuit devices.
Combining integreted sampling technique with feature selection for software defect prediction

Good quality software is a supporting factor that is important in any line of work in of society. But the software component defective or damaged resulting in reduced performance of the work, and can increase the cost of development and maintenance. An accurate prediction on software module prone defects as part of efforts to reduce the increasing cost of development and maintenance of software. An accurate prediction on software module prone defects as part of efforts to reduce the increasing cost of development and maintenance of software. From the results of these studies are known, there are two problems that can decrease performance prediction of classifiers such imbalances in the distribution of the class and irrelevant of the attributes that exist in the dataset. So as to handle both of these issues, we conducted this research using integrated a sample technique with feature selection method. Based on research done previously, there are two methods of samples including random under sampling and SMOTE for random over sampling. While on feature selection method such as chi square, information gain and relief methods. After doing the research process, integration SMOTE technique with relief method used on Naïve Bayes classifiers, the result of the predicted value better than any other method that is 82%.
Characterizing web-based video sharing workloads

A video sharing service allows “user generated”video clips to be uploaded, and users of the service can view, rate, and comment on uploaded videos. Prior work has focused mostly on the YouTube video sharing service [1,2]. While YouTube is arguably the most popular video sharing service, studying the workload characteristics of other video sharing services, and identifying invariant properties as well as significant differences, is an important step towards building a broader understanding of this type of service. With the aforementioned objective, we collected traces from four video sharing services: Dailymotion, Yahoo! video, Veoh, and Metacafe. Dailymotion is France’s leading video sharing service and caters mostly to French-speaking demographics, while Yahoo! video, Veoh, and Metacafe are USbased services. While all four host user generated video clips, Veoh, in addition, also serves content from major studios and independent production houses, and utilizes peerto-peer technology to distribute longer videos. Metacafe is distinctive among these services in its use of a revenue sharing model in which content creators are paid for videos that exceed a certain threshold of views. These services cover a spectrum of possibilities in the realm of video sharing.
BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP Expression during Neuromuscular Development: a Cell Adhesion Molecule Regulated by Innervation

BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily that is transiently expressed during avian embryogenesis in a variety of cell types, including the motoneurons of the spinal cord. We have investigated the pattern of BEN expression during neuromuscular development of the chick. We show that both motoneurons and their target myoblasts express BEN during early embryonic development and that the protein becomes restricted at neuromuscular contacts as soon as postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters are observed in muscle fibers. Muscle cells grown in vitro express and maintain BEN expression even when they fuse and give rise to mature myotubes. When embryos are deprived of innervation by neural tube ablation, BEN expression is observed in muscle fibers, whereas, in control, the protein is already restricted at neuromuscular synaptic sites. These results demonstrate that all myogenic cells intrinsically express BEN and maintain the protein in the absence of innervation. Conversely, when neurons are added to myogenic cultures, BEN is rapidly downregulated in muscle cells, demonstrating that innervation controls the restricted pattern of BEN expression seen in innervated muscles. After nerve section in postnatal muscles, BEN protein becomes again widely spread over muscle fibers. When denervated muscles are allowed to be reinnervated, the protein is reexpressed in regenerating motor axons, and reinnervation of synaptic sites leads to the concentration of BEN at neuromuscular junctions. Our results suggest that BEN cell adhesion molecule acts both in the formation of neuromuscular contacts during development and in the events leading to muscle reinnervation.
Systems of Innovation Working Paper Series Systems of Innovation # Unu-merit Working Papers Maastricht Economic and Social Research and Training Centre on Innovation and Technology, Unu-merit

We review the literature on national innovation sys tems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, rev iewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three “founding fathers” of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for prov iding a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature.
Lifting the veil: The lived experience of sibling abuse

Sibling abuse remains under the radar despite its devastating consequences. Without the provision of child welfare statutes to identify sibling abuse and its lack of distinction from other forms of sibling conflict, child welfare workers, mandated reporters, and practitioners face challenges to make complete assessments of family violence. The narratives of 19 self-identified survivors of traumatic childhood and adolescent sibling abuse accentuate the need to identify and validate these experiences as a necessary aspect of protection and healing. Exploratory research of sibling abuse based in a grounded theory framework and phenomenological analysis uncovered critical incidents of physical and emotional sibling abuse underscoring its harrowing impact. The accounts give clarity to defining sibling abuse which includes unpredictable and relentless acts of intimidation resulting in a state of helplessness and isolation. The findings have protective and practice implications for child welfare and clinical social work.
A Multi-label Classification Method for Detection of Combined Motor Imageries

Imaginary motor tasks cause brain oscillations that can be detected through the analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. The imagination of hands movement allows inducing up to three different brain states by considering the activity that each hand produces separately and the one caused by the combination of both. This article presents a new method to extend the classic Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm to a multi-class approach which analyses both brain hemispheres separately to solve, together with a stepwise classification strategy, a multi-label Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) problem. The considered approach is based upon the assumption that the brain activity induced by the motor imagery (MI) of the combination of both hands corresponds to the superposition of the activity generated during simple hand MIs. In this way, based on the event-related desynchronization that is detected within each brain hemisphere, the multi-classification task can be reduced into two binary-classification problems, leading to a much simpler recognition scheme that overcomes the drawback of the classical CSP method of being suitable to discriminate only between two classes. After testing the proposed approach over the EEG signals of six healthy subjects performing a four-class multi-label task involving simple and combined hand MIs together with the rest condition, results show that this technique is plausible for BCI control. In terms of accuracy, it outperforms the classical one-vs-one approach by 20% and has the same performance as the one-vs-all method. Nevertheless, to solve a multi-label classification problem involving k classes, the proposed method requires only log2 (k) classifiers, whereas the one-vs-one method uses k (k-1)/2 classifiers and the one-vs-all k classifiers, thereby the new approach simplifies the classification task and seems promising for solving multi-label problems involving numerous classes.
Minkowski space structure of the Higgs potential in 2HDM

The Higgs potential of 2HDM keeps its generic form under the group of transformation $GL(2,C)$, which is larger than the usually considered reparametrization group $SU(2)$. This reparametrization symmetry induces the Minkowski space structure in the orbit space of 2HDM. Exploiting this property, we present a geometric analysis of the number and properties of stationary points of the most general 2HDM potential. In particular, we prove that charge-breaking and neutral vacua never coexist in 2HDM and establish conditions when the most general explicitly $CP$-conserving Higgs potential has spontaneously $CP$-violating minima. We also define the prototypical model of a given 2HDM, which has six free parameters less than the original one but still contains all the essential physics. Our analysis avoids manipulation with high-order algebraic equations.
The Thermophilic, Homohexameric Aminopeptidase of Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Member of the M29 Family of Metallopeptidases

ABSTRACT Proteases are implicated in several aspects of the physiology of microorganisms, as well as in host-pathogen interactions. Aminopeptidases are also emerging as novel drug targets in infectious agents. In this study, we have characterized an aminopeptidase from the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The aminopeptidolytic activity was identified in cell extracts from B. burgdorferi by using the substrate leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. A protein displaying this activity was purified from B. burgdorferi by a two-step chromatographic procedure, yielding a ∼300-kDa homo-oligomeric enzyme formed by monomers of ∼50 kDa. Gel enzymography experiments showed that enzymatic activity depends on the oligomeric structure of the protease but does not involve interchain disulfide bonds. The enzyme was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting as the putative aminopeptidase II of B. burgdorferi, encoded by the gene BB0069. It shares significant identity to members of the M29/T family of metallopeptidase, is sensitive to bestatin, has a neutral pH optimum, and displays maximal activity at 60°C. Its activity is 1.75-fold higher at the temperature of the mammalian host than at that of the insect host of the pathogen. The activity of this thermophilic aminopeptidase of B. burgdorferi (TAPBb) depends on Zn2+, and temperatures over 70°C promoted its inactivation through a transition from the hexameric state to the monomeric state. Since B. burgdorferi is deficient in pathways for amino acid synthesis, TAPBb could play a role in supplying required amino acids. Alternatively, the enzyme could be involved in peptide and/or protein processing.
“A MATLAB based optimum multiband FIR filters design program following the original idea of the Remez multiple exchange algorithm”

A highly optimized translation of the core discrete Remez part of the Parks-McClellan (PM) algorithm from its original FORTRAN code to its MATLAB counterpart has recently been proposed by the authors. The optimization was achieved by first figuring out that the search for the “real” extremal points of the weighted error function formed based on the “trial” extremal points can be compressed into two compact search techniques and, second, by using the MATLAB strength of vectors and matrices calculations whenever possible. Most importantly, this achievement revealed that the search technique in the original PM algorithms does not follow the fundamental principle of the Remez multiple exchange (RME) algorithm. That is, if there are more candidate “real” extremal points than required, then the desired points should be selected to retain as many largest absolute values of the weighted error function as possible subject the condition that the sign of this function alternates at the consecutive points. This paper modifies the earlier MATLAB implementation of the core discrete Remez part of PM algorithm to exactly follow the above-mentioned search principle. This modification results in a highly optimized MATLAB code which outperforms the very original MATLAB code in, terms of the code compactness, the required number of iterations and CPU execution time, as is illustrated by means of several examples.
ZmDB, an integrated database for maize genome research

Zea mays DataBase (ZmDB) seeks to provide a comprehensive view of maize (corn) genetics by linking genomic sequence data with gene expression analysis and phenotypes of mutant plants. ZmDB originated in 1999 as the Web portal for a large project of maize gene discovery, sequencing and phenotypic analysis using a transposon tagging strategy and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing. Recently, ZmDB has broadened its scope to include all public maize ESTs, genome survey sequences (GSSs), and protein sequences. More than 170 000 ESTs are currently clustered into approximately 20 000 contigs and about an equal number of apparent singlets. These clusters are continuously updated and annotated with respect to potential encoded protein products. More than 100 000 GSSs are similarly assembled and annotated by spliced alignment with EST and protein sequences. The ZmDB interface provides quick access to analytical tools for further sequence analysis. Every sequence record is linked to several display options and similarity search tools, including services for multiple sequence alignment, protein domain determination and spliced alignment. Furthermore, ZmDB provides web-based ordering of materials generated in the project, including ESTs, ordered collections of genomic sequences tagged with the RescueMu transposon and microarrays of amplified ESTs. ZmDB can be accessed at http://zmdb.iastate. edu/.