Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music , syntax , and the meaning of “ meaning ”

I discuss the issue of meaning, and the definition of “meaning” in music. I propose that it is a mistake to import the linguistic notion of semantics into a musical context on the grounds that musical communication serves a different function and is of a different nature from linguistic communication, and that there is no evidence to support the suggestion that the two should function in a strongly similar way.
Using developmental relationships in mentoring to support novice principals as leaders of learning

ABSTRACT Mentoring is an established method of supporting principals as they begin their careers; however, early studies focus on how a veteran principal supports a novice principal in acquiring the skills to manage the school. As the role of a principal has evolved from a building manager to a leader of learning, the role of mentoring has also evolved. The purpose of this study was to explore the mentoring experiences of novice principals and their mentors in a school district’s mentoring program, and how developmental mentoring relationships support novice principals to be leaders of learning. The ﬁndings suggest that a strong mentoring relationship can support a novice principal in developing skills to be a leader of learning by clarifying the mentor’s role as a leader of learning, focusing mentoring sessions to build the mentee’s capacity as a leader of learning, and a commitment to mentoring sessions that support teaching and learning.
The Importance of Cognitive Phenotypes in Experimental Modeling of Animal Anxiety and Depression

Cognitive dysfunctions are commonly seen in many stress-related disorders, including anxiety and depression-the world's most common neuropsychiatric illnesses. Various genetic, pharmacological, and behavioral animal models have long been used to establish animal anxiety-like and depression-like phenotypes, as well as to assess their memory, learning, and other cognitive functions. Mounting clinical and animal evidences strongly supports the notion that disturbed cognitions represent an important pathogenetic factor in anxiety and depression, and may also play a role in integrating the two disorders within a common stress-precipitated developmental pathway. This paper evaluates why and how the assessment of cognitive and emotional domains may improve our understanding of animal behaviors via different high-throughput tests and enable a better translation of animal phenotypes into human brain disorders.
Through the looking glass: the cardiac care network of Ontario 10 years later.

he Cardiac Care Network of Ontario (CCN) is a pioneering partnership of health professionals, hospitals and government that focuses on appropriate and timely access to adult cardiac services by patients and their physicians. Established by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care in 1990, CCN advises the Ministry and coordinates the provision of advanced cardiac services for adult Ontarians.
Linear programming based parallel job scheduling for power constrained systems

Power has become the primary constraint in high performance computing. Traditionally, parallel job scheduling policies have been designed to improve certain job performance metrics when scheduling parallel workloads on a system with a given number of processors. The available number of processors is not anymore the only limitation in parallel job scheduling. The recent increase in processor power consumption has resulted in a new limitation: the available power. Given constraints naturally lead to an optimization problem. In this paper we propose MaxJobPerf, a new parallel job scheduling policy based on integer linear programming. Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is a widely used technique that running applications at reduced CPU frequency/voltage trades increased execution time for power reduction. The optimization problem determines which jobs should run and at which frequency. The MaxJobPerf policy clearly outperforms the other power budgeting approaches at the parallel job scheduling level.
Europe in Question: Referendums on European Integration

Comprehensive comparative analysis of EU referendums from 1972 to 2008 Variety of sources used including survey data, content analysis of media coverage, experimental studies, and elite interviews not found elsewhere in the literature How do voters decide in referendums on European integration? Direct democracy has become an increasingly common feature of European politics with important implications for policy-making in the European Union. Attempts to reform the EU treaties have been stalled, and even abandoned, due to no-votes in referendums. Europe in Question sheds new light on the pivotal issue of electoral behaviour in referendums and provides a major contribution to the study of democracy in the European Union and voting behaviour more generally. Hobolt develops a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding voting behaviour in referendums and presents a comparative analysis of EU referendums from 1972 to 2008. To examine why people vote the way they do, the role of political elites and the impact of the campaign dynamics, this books relies on a variety of sources including survey data, content analysis of media coverage, survey experiments, and elite interviews. The book illustrates the importance of campaign dynamics and elite endorsements in shaping public opinion, electoral mobilization and vote choices. Referendums are often criticized for presenting citizens with choices that are too complex and thereby generating outcomes that have little or no connection with the ballot proposal. Importantly this book shows that voters are smarter than they are often given credit for. They may not be fully informed about European politics, but they do consider the issues at stake before they go to the ballot box and they make use of the information provided by parties and the campaign environment. Readership: Scholars and students of political science, especially those interested in political behaviour, political parties, and European studies.
Complexity of Inferences in Polytree-shaped Semi-Qualitative Probabilistic Networks

Semi-qualitative probabilistic networks (SQPNs) merge two important graphical model formalisms: Bayesian networks and qualitative probabilistic networks. They provide a very general modeling framework by allowing the combination of numeric and qualitative assessments over a discrete domain, and can be compactly encoded by exploiting the same factorization of joint probability distributions that are behind the Bayesian networks. This paper explores the computational complexity of semi-qualitative probabilistic networks, and takes the polytree-shaped networks as its main target. We show that the inference problem is coNP-Complete for binary polytrees with multiple observed nodes. We also show that inferences can be performed in time linear in the number of nodes if there is a single observed node. Because our proof is constructive, we obtain an efficient linear time algorithm for SQPNs under such assumptions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exact polynomial-time algorithm for SQPNs. Together these results provide a clear picture of the inferential complexity in polytree-shaped SQPNs.
Near-Optimal Range Reporting Structures for Categorical Data

Range reporting on categorical (or colored) data is a well-studied generalization of the classical range reporting problem in which each of the N input points has an associated color (category). A query then asks to report the set of colors of the points in a given rectangular query range, which may be far smaller than the set of all points in the query range. We study two-dimensional categorical range reporting in both the word-RAM and I/O-model. For the I/O-model, we present two alternative data structures for three-sided queries. The first answers queries in optimal O(lgB N + K/B) I/Os using O(N lg* N) space, where K is the number of distinct colors in the output, B is the disk block size, and lg* N is the iterated logarithm of N. Our second data structure uses linear space and answers queries in O(lgB N + lg(h) N + K/B) I/Os for any constant integer h ≥ 1. Here lg(1) N = lg N and lg(h) N = lg(lg(h−1) N) when h > 1. Both solutions use only comparisons on the coordinates. We also show that the lgB N terms in the query costs can be reduced to optimal lg lgB U when the input points lie on a U x U grid and we allow word-level manipulations of the coordinates. We further reduce the query time to just O(1) if the points are given on an N x N grid. Both solutions also lead to improved data structures for four-sided queries. For the word-RAM, we obtain optimal data structures for three-sided range reporting, as well as improved upper bounds for four-sided range reporting. Finally, we show a tight lower bound on one-dimensional categorical range counting using an elegant reduction from (standard) two-dimensional range counting.
The Authentic Learning of Science in Preservice Biology Teachers in an Open-Inquiry Research on Tree Frogs.

The goal of this study was to understand how preservice biology teachers progress in an open-inquiry research program on the ecological physiology of a tree frog. The project involved students (N.10) in a spring semester and summer workshop. Multiple data sources were established including classroom discussion, group meetings, weekly reflection essays, interview transcripts with students and the instructor, and instructor-produced artifacts. Six intensive cases are used to illustrate understanding of students' views of scientific research over time. Results indicate that most participants think of scientific research as a routine, cut-and-dried process, and they associate the nature of scientific knowledge with the process of deriving it. The participants concluded that the process is as objective and unambiguous as scientific results. Findings also suggest that experimental failure or blind alleys provide invaluable practice in essential laboratory skills and techniques. Contains 32 references. (DDR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Nominal renaming sets ( technical report )

Nominal techniques are based on the idea of sets with a finitelysupported atoms-permutation action. In this paper we consider the idea of sets with a finitely-supported atoms-renaming action (renamings can identify atoms; permutations cannot). We show that these exhibit many of the useful qualities found in traditional nominal techniques; an elementary sets-based presentation, inductive datatypes of syntax up to binding, cartesian closure, and being a topos. Unlike in nominal techniques, the notion of names-abstraction coincides with functional abstraction.
Understanding Attachment Disorders in Infants and Young Children

Attachment behaviors change as the child develops. A young baby who is tired, frightened, hungry, or lonely will show signaling and proximity seeking behaviors designed to bring his caregiver to him and keep her close. The baby may cry, reach out, or cling to his mother. Later when he is more mobile, he may actively approach her, follow her, or climb into her lap. A toddler may use his mother as a At least since Freud we have recognized that the infant-mother relationship is pivotal to the child's emerging personality. Freud (1940) said that for the baby, his mother is " unique, without parallel, laid down unalterably for a whole lifetime, as the first and strongest love object and as the prototype of all later love relations for both sexes. have written convincingly about the ways that the early caregiving relationship influences the child's developing cognitive ability, shapes her capacity to modulate affect, teaches her to empathize with the feelings of others, and even determines the shape and functioning of her brain. The attachment and caregiving systems are at the heart of that crucial first relationship. 1980) described the attachment and care-giving systems in biological and evolutionary terms stating that, across species, the attachment system was as important to species survival as were feeding and reproduction. At the heart of the attachment and caregiving systems is the protection of a younger, weaker member of the species by a stronger one. The infant's repertoire of attachment behaviors are matched by a reciprocal set of caregiving behaviors in the mother. As the mother responds to the infant's bids for protection secure base, leaving her briefly to explore his world, and then reestablishing a sense of security by making contact with her by catching her eye, calling out to her and hearing her voice, or physically returning to her (Lieberman, 1993). By the time a child is four years old, she is typically less distressed by lack of proximity from her mother, particularly if they have negotiated or agreed upon a shared plan regarding the separation and reunion before the mother leaves (Marvin & Greenberg, 1982). These older children have less need for physical proximity with their mothers, and are better able to maintain a sense of felt security by relying upon their mental image of their mothers and upon the comforting presence of friends and other adults. Bowlby (1969/1982) referred to attachment …
Integration and evaluation of Multi-Instance-Precommit schemes within postgreSQL

Multi-instance-precommit (MIP) has been recently presented as an innovative transaction management scheme in support of reliability for Atomic Transactions in multitier (e.g. Web-based) systems. With this scheme, fail-over of a previously activated transaction can be supported via simple retry logics, which do not require knowledge about whether, and on which sites, the original transaction was precommitted. Mutual deadlock between the original and the retried transaction are prevented via MIP facilities, which also support reconciliation mechanisms for at-most-once transaction execution semantic. In this article we present an extension of the open source PostgreSQL database system in order to support MIP. The extension is based on the exploitation of PostgreSQL native multiversion concurrency control scheme. We also present an experimental evaluation based on the TPC-W benchmark, aimed at quantifying the relative overhead of MIP facilities on transaction execution latency, system throughput and storage usage.
Enterovirus 71 Outbreak, Brunei

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) outbreaks occur periodically in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2006, Brunei reported its first major outbreak of EV71 infections, associated with fatalities from neurologic complications. Isolated EV71 strains formed a distinct lineage with low diversity within subgenogroup B5, suggesting recent introduction and rapid spread within Brunei.
A Protein Interaction between β-Catenin and Dnmt1 Regulates Wnt Signaling and DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is an important step in the initiation and progression of tumor development in diverse cancers. The central effector of canonical Wnt signaling, β-catenin (CTNNB1), is a multifunctional protein, and has been extensively studied with respect to its roles in cell–cell adhesion and in regulation of Wnt-driven transcription. Here, a novel mass spectrometry–based proteomics technique in colorectal cancer cells expressing stabilized β-catenin, was used to identify a protein–protein interaction between β-catenin and DNA methyltransferase I (Dnmt1) protein, the primary regulator of DNA methylation patterns in mammalian cells. Dnmt1 and β-catenin strongly colocalized in the nuclei of colorectal cancer cells, and the interaction is mediated by the central domain of the Dnmt1 protein. Dnmt1 protein abundance is dependent upon the levels of β-catenin, and is increased in cells expressing stabilized mutant β-catenin. Conversely, the Dnmt1 regulates the levels of nuclear β-catenin and β-catenin/TCF–driven transcription. In addition, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), a regulator of DNMT1 stability, was identified as a component of the Dnmt1–β-catenin protein complex and perturbation of the Dnmt1–β-catenin interaction altered DNA methylation. In summary, a functional protein–protein interaction was identified between two critically important oncoproteins, in turn revealing a link between Wnt signaling and downstream nuclear functions mediated by Dnmt1. Implications: Two critical oncoproteins, Dnmt1 and β-catenin, mutually regulate one each other's levels and activities in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 13(6); 969–81. ©2015 AACR.
Modeling Visual Working Memory in Schizophrenia

It has been well documented that people with schizophrenia (PSZ) have deficits in visual working memory (VWM). One widely acknowledged explanation is that PSZ has decreased working memory capacity compared to healthy control subjects (HCS). Here, we leveraged the state-of-the-art computational framework – the variable precision (VP) framework to disentangle the contributions of different VWM components to the atypical behavior observed in PSZ. Using a classical delay-estimation VWM task, we found that neither the memory resources across different set size levels nor the variability at the choice stage were the differences between two groups (PSZ vs. HCS). Interestingly, PSZ exhibited abnormally larger variability in allocating memory resources across items and trials. Our findings challenged the classical “limited capacity” account in PSZ and showed that larger resource allocation variability was the major determinant of the VWM deficits in PSZ, which could only be detected by the
Unsupervised relation detection using automatic alignment of query patterns extracted from knowledge graphs and query click logs

Traditional methods for building spoken language understanding systems require manual rules or annotated data, which are expensive. In this work, we present an unsupervised method for bootstrapping a relation classifier, which identifies the knowledge graph relations present in an input query. Unlike existing work, we utilize only one knowledge graph entity instead of two for mining relevant query patterns from query click logs. As a result, the mined patterns can be used to infer both explicit relations (where the objects of the relations are expressed in the queries) and implicit relations (where the objects of the relations are being asked about). Using only the mined queries, the final classifier achieves an F-measure of 55.5%, which is significantly higher than the previous unsupervised learning baselines.
Strong types for relational databases : functional pearl

Haskell’s type system with multi-parameter constructor classes and functional dependencies allows static (compile-time) computations to be expressed by logic programming on the level of types. This emergent capability has been exploited for instance to model arbitrary-length tuples (heterogeneous lists), extensible records, functions with variable length argument lists, and (homogenous) lists of statically fixed length (vectors). We explain how type-level programming can be exploited to define a strongly-typed model of relational databases and operations on them. In particular, we present a strongly typed embedding of a significant subset of SQL in Haskell. In this model, meta-data is represented by type-level entities that guard the semantic correctness of database operations at compile time. Apart from the standard relational database operations, such as selection and join, we model functional dependencies (among table attributes), normal forms, and operations for database transformation. We show how functional dependency information can be represented at the type level, and can be transported through operations. This means that type inference statically computes functional dependencies on the result from those on the arguments. Our model shows that Haskell can be used to design and prototype typed languages for designing, programming, and transforming relational databases.
Predictors of psychological distress in patients starting IVF treatment: infertility-specific versus general psychological characteristics.

BACKGROUND The distress that couples experience in IVF treatment is well-documented though research exploring factors that might contribute to the distress is scarce and the role of infertility-specific versus more general psychological characteristics in predicting psychological distress remains unexplored. This exploratory study aimed to describe, explore and test a self-constructed conceptual framework designed to understand the relative impact of infertility-specific and general psychological characteristics, in predicting psychological distress. METHODS Validated self-report questionnaires that measured the concepts of the encompassing framework (personality characteristics self-criticism and dependency, attachment in the partner relationship, child wish, coping, intrusiveness, infertility-related stress and general psychological distress) were completed by 106 women and 102 men before starting the first IVF/ICSI treatment at a university hospital-based fertility centre. Data were analysed by hierarchical multivariate linear regression analysis and path analysis. RESULTS The overall conceptual psychological framework explained 55% of the variance in psychological distress. The strongest predictors of psychological distress were general psychological characteristics: passive and active coping, self-criticism and dependency and intrusiveness. A path analysis confirmed the framework and highlighted the mediating role of coping and intrusiveness. In the final analysis, none of the infertility-specific variables significantly predicted psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS The current study of patients starting IVF-treatment demonstrated that general psychological characteristics, specifically active and passive coping, personality characteristics, dependency and self-criticism and intrusiveness, are more important in predicting the variability in psychological distress than infertility-specific concerns. The results raise important questions for infertility counselling. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study only allows for insight into baseline measurement (before starting the first IVF-treatment) and therefore this area of research could benefit from additional longitudinal studies.
Topic Modeling for Answers Detection in Online Game Chats

Helping behavior is a significant part of social learning process in online games. One type of such a behavior is answering questions in a chat. We provide a method to detect if the question asked in a chat was answered and by whom. Proposed method is based on topic modeling for chat messages and comparison of a detected topic of question with a topic of possible reply. We show its efficiency on chat messages from online games.