Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coblation Technology for Surgical Wound Debridement

Debridement is required to prepare the wound bed, essentially in removing undesired tissues observed both in acute wound after burns or trauma and in chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. Surgical debridement has been described as one of the most effective methods but can be contraindicated in the elderly, arteriopathic context, or patients under effective anticoagulation. Recently described debridement technologies are based on application of important mechanical severing forces over the wound surface using high-power hydrojets. High water flux acts as a vector for separating necrotic and sloughy tissues from the wound bed and aspirates them out of the wound immediately. Electrical powered techniques and lasers were also scarcely described. The Coblation debridement technology presented here is based on the local induction of a focused plasma field chemically deleting undesired tissues. This technique is a modification of conventional electrosurgical devices, developed in 1928 where tissue excision and coagulation of tissues were observed. Principles of plasma-mediated debridement are based on a bipolar radiofrequency energizing the molecules, thus creating a plasma field. This glow discharge plasma produces chemically active radical species from dissociation of water, breaking molecular bonds, and causing tissue dissolution. The thermal effects are a by-product, which can be modulated by modifying the electrode construction, limiting the local temperature to less than 50°C in order not to induce wound bed renecrosis. The authors describe here the principle, the first technical adaptation for wound debridement, and the potential clinical interest of the Coblation technology
Image recognition based on wavelet transform and artificial neural networks

This paper proposes an image recognition method, which consists of two steps: features extraction based on wavelet transform and image recognition using artificial neural networks. More specifically, wavelet transform is used to decompose the original image into different frequency sub-bands, then a set of features are extracted from the wavelet coefficients. The feature set as input fed into neural network for recognition. The experimental results confirmed effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Skeletal dosimetry based on µCT images of trabecular bone: update and comparisons

Two skeletal dosimetry methods using µCT images of human bone have recently been developed: the paired-image radiation transport (PIRT) model introduced by researchers at the University of Florida (UF) in the US and the systematic–periodic cluster (SPC) method developed by researchers at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil. Both methods use µCT images of trabecular bone (TB) to model spongiosa regions of human bones containing marrow cavities segmented into soft tissue volumes of active marrow (AM), trabecular inactive marrow and the bone endosteum (BE), which is a 50 µm thick layer of marrow on all TB surfaces and on cortical bone surfaces next to TB as well as inside the medullary cavities. With respect to the radiation absorbed dose, the AM and the BE are sensitive soft tissues for the induction of leukaemia and bone cancer, respectively. The two methods differ mainly with respect to the number of bone sites and the size of the µCT images used in Monte Carlo calculations and they apply different methods to simulate exposure from radiation sources located outside the skeleton. The PIRT method calculates dosimetric quantities in isolated human bones while the SPC method uses human bones embedded in the body of a phantom which contains all relevant organs and soft tissues. Consequently, the SPC method calculates absorbed dose to the AM and to the BE from particles emitted by radionuclides concentrated in organs or from radiation sources located outside the human body in one calculation step. In order to allow for similar calculations of AM and BE absorbed doses using the PIRT method, the so-called dose response functions (DRFs) have been developed based on absorbed fractions (AFs) of energy for electrons isotropically emitted in skeletal tissues. The DRFs can be used to transform the photon fluence in homogeneous spongiosa regions into absorbed dose to AM and BE. This paper will compare AM and BE AFs of energy from electrons emitted in skeletal tissues calculated with the SPC and the PIRT method and AM and BE absorbed doses and AFs calculated with PIRT-based DRFs and with the SPC method. The results calculated with the two skeletal dosimetry methods agree well if one takes the differences between the two models properly into account. Additionally, the SPC method will be updated with larger µCT images of TB.
Application of Immunoperoxidase-Based Techniques to Detect Herpesvirus Infection in Tortoises

Indirect (IIP) and direct (DIP) immunoperoxidase assays were developed for the serological and histological diagnoses of herpesvirus infection in tortoises, respectively. A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb HL1546), specific for the heavy chain of tortoise IgY, was used as the secondary antibody in the IIP assay. Rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against 2 sucrose gradient–purified tortoise herpesvirus isolates (HV4295/7R/95 and HV1976) were used as primary antibodies for the detection of herpesvirus antigen either in infected cell cultures or in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The IIP and DIP assays could detect either the presence of anti-herpesvirus antibody in the plasma of exposed tortoises or the presence of herpesvirus antigen in infected tissues, respectively. Although the IIP test complements the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the serum neutralization test already available for measuring herpesvirus-specific antibody in tortoises, the DIP test is useful for the histological diagnosis of herpesvirus infection in tortoises.
Sampled-data stabilization for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems based on the approximate discrete-time models

In this paper, we mainly focus on the sampled-data exponential stabilization in mean square for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems based on their Euler-Maruyama model. The relation of the pth moment exponential stability between the sampled-data systems and its exact discrete-time models is discussed; then we present Lyapunov theorem for pth moment exponential stability of discrete-time stochastic nonlinear systems and its converse theorem; the conditions for exponential stabilization in mean square for such sampled-data stochastic nonlinear systems based on their Euler-Maruyama approximation are given. The results provide a simpler and more convenient controller design method for such sampled-data systems, and the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in simulation example.
Characterization of the Human Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Promoter*

Understanding transcription initiation of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) gene appears pivotal to gaining a comprehensive view of NO biology in the blood vessel wall. The present study therefore focused upon a detailed dissection of the functionally important cis-DNA elements and the multiprotein complexes implicated in the cooperative control of constitutive expression of the human eNOS gene in vascular endothelium. Two tightly clustered cis-regulatory regions were identified in the proximal enhancer of the TATA-less eNOS promoter using deletion analysis and linker-scanning mutagenesis: positive regulatory domains I (−104/−95 relative to transcription initiation) and II (−144/−115). Analysis of trans-factor binding and functional expression studies revealed a surprising degree of cooperativity and complexity. The nucleoprotein complexes that form upon these regions in endothelial cells contained Ets family members, Sp1, variants of Sp3, MAZ, and YY1. Functional domain studies in Drosophila Schneider cells and endothelial cells revealed examples of positive and negative protein-protein cooperativity involving Sp1, variants of Sp3, Ets-1, Elf-1, and MAZ. Therefore, multiprotein complexes are formed on the activator recognition sites within this 50-base pair region of the human eNOS promoter in vascular endothelium.
3.6 A noise-cancelling receiver with enhanced resilience to harmonic blockers

By employing two passive-mixer-based downconversion paths, the frequency-translational noise-cancelling receiver (FTNC-RX) achieves a low noise figure and can tolerate most out-of-band blockers up to 0dBm with little performance degradation [1]. However, like most wideband passive-mixer-based designs, the architecture is far less tolerant of harmonic blockers, that is blockers located at or around precise integer multiples of the LO frequency. In a typical M-phase passive mixer, shown in Fig. 3.6. 1a, most out-of-band blockers are heavily attenuated by large shunt capacitors at the inputs of the baseband TIAs. Harmonic blockers are an exception and do not experience this attenuation since they are downconverted inside the TIA bandwidth, are amplified along with the wanted signal, and are only rejected by the subsequent harmonic-rejection circuitry. Since TIA gain is generally large in order to maintain a low noise figure, moderate harmonic blockers will saturate the TIAs and consequently the receiver.
Co-enunciation and the definition of dialogue units

L'A. reexamine un probleme qui est l'objet de constants debats entre tenants de l'analyse du discours et de l'analyse conversationnelle et qui est souleve a nouveau par la definition de la structure hierarchique de la conversation proposee par H. Clark dans son livre Using language. Il s'agit de la definition des unites de base du dialogue (ou, plus generalement, du discours). L'A. montre, a partir d'une analyse de la structure des co-enonciations, que 1) le tour de parole ne constitue pas l'unite de base de la structure hierarchique du dialogue, 2) qu'il constitue neanmoins une unite interactionnelle et 3) qu'il faut depasser les controverses sur la definition de l'unite de base du dialogue ou du discours pour prendre en consideration et combiner differents types d'unite : syntaxique (proposition maximale), prosodique (enonce phonologique), textuelle (acte, intervention), et interactionnelle (tour de parole), qui sont indispensables a la description de l'organisation du dialogue (et du discours)
Phosphorylation of acyl and dansyl derivatives of the peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

A series of acyl derivatives and a dansyl derivative of the synthetic peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly have been tested as substrates for the catalytic subunit of the CAMP-dependent protein kinase (ED 2.7.1.37; ATP: phosphotransferase). The purpose of this study was to test whether substitution of the NH2-terminal leucine with acyl substituents of varying chain length and hydrophobicity would influence the kinetics of phosphorylation of these peptides. Increasing the acyl substituent from acetyl to hexanoyl had no marked effect on the kinetics of phosphorylation. The trifluoroacetyl derivative was also phosphorylated with kinetic parameters comparable to the parent peptide, namely an apparent K , of 2.5 ~ L M and a v, of 30 pmolmin” mg”. Substitution of the pentapeptide Arg-AlaSer-Leu-Gly with acyl substituents also had little effect on the kinetics of phosphorylation. The a-N dansyl derivative of Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly-COOH was phosphorylated by the protein kinase with an apparent K,,, of 3 pM and a V,, of 27 pmol. min” emg“. The dansyl peptide appeared to act as a specific substrate for the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as indicated by DE-52 ion exchange chromatography of crude extracts of rat muscle. Since the phosphorylated form of the dansyl peptide was readily separated from the dephospho form by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse phase octadecasilane column the protein kinase could be assayed spectrophotometrically using this technique.
Taxing intermediate goods to compensate for distorting taxes on household consumption

In contrast to the classic result in Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) that fiscal taxes should not be levied on intermediate use of goods, Newbury (1985) showed that, in a closed economy with Leontief technology, input taxes should be used to indirectly tax commodities that for some reason are untaxed in final consumption. This paper extends the Newbury result to more general cases; i.e., to open economies with substitution possibilities in the production functions. Moreover, it shows that the welfare maximizing proportion between the tax rate for intermediate use by firms and final demand by households declines with higher elasticities of substitution in production functions and with higher price elasticities in import demand functions and export supply functions. It also shows that the welfare maximizing proportion of tax rates between households and firms for one commodity will depend upon the corresponding proportion of tax rates for important substitutes for that commodity. These results are shown both in stylized Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models and in an applied CGE model of the Swedish economy where the tax on electricity is used as an example.
Sickness Absence and Peer Effects -Evidence from a Swedish Municipality

In this paper we use detailed employment records to study to what extent sickness absence among work group colleagues influences individual sickness absence. Our results indicate an overall positive peer effect. However, further analysis show peer behavior to be important for women’s sickness absence, but not for men’s, and that woman are only affected by their female co-workers. Our findings also suggest that it, on average, takes two to three years for a new employee to become influenced by the absence pattern of the work group. In light of our results, we cannot rule out the possibility of social norms being important to the individual sick leave decision.
Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach

1. Argument as reasoned dialogue 2. Questions and answers in dialogue 3. Criticism of irrelevance 4. Appeals to emotion 5. Valid arguments 6. Personal attack in argumentation 7. Appeals to authority 8. Inductive errors, bias, and fallacies 9. Natural language argumentation.
450 Gb/s CO-OFDM DP-QPSK superchannels for long-haul transmission with High Spectral Efficiency

In this paper, we demonstrate a transmission of three 450 Gb/s (9×50-Gb/s DP-QPSK) superchannels with spectral efficiency (SE) of 3.73 b/s/Hz, using coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM), over pure silica core fiber (PSCF) and amplification only by erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). A maximum reach of 3842 km was obtained. The results shows that this approach can be used to perform 400 Gb/s long haul transmission with SE near to 4 b/s/Hz.
AN OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICS: SCIENCE BEHIND PROTEIN THERAPEUTICS

Biosimilars or ‘follow-on biologics’ are new biopharmaceutical agents that are ‘similar’ but not identical to a reference biopharmaceutical product. Biosimilars are considered ‘comparable’ to the reference product, but this does not ensure therapeutic equivalence. Inherent differences between biosimilars may produce dissimilarities in clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Therefore accurate measurement and characterization of these differences and absolute quantification of biosimilars is the significant requirement at present. Mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography offers the most sensitive and accurate solution for this. This review discusses the potential strategies for the absolute quantification of biosimilars using mass spectrometry.
Screening of capsule endoscopy redundant image based on image motion model by block matching

Image redundancy is one of the most crucial issues during the application of capsule endoscopy. For solving this problem, a novel method which combining image motion model and block searching for screening of redundant images is presented. First, the cur-image is divided into blocks, and feature points are extracted from blocks and tracked in pre- and post-images. The remaining blocks and the blocks with untracked feature points will be searching in pre- and post-images using block searching method. Promising experimental results show that this method can screen out redundant frames efficiently, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis.
A new all-in-one bandgap reference and robust zero temperature coefficient (TC) point current reference circuit

This manuscript presents a new bandgap reference (BGR) circuit providing dual references of voltage and current in one BGR circuit. The proposed all-in-one BGR circuit combines two proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current branches of conventional BGR into one NMOS transistor, avoiding the mismatch of the current branches. It also generates a new complementary proportional to absolute temperature (CTAT) current by adding a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor to BGR output. Combining the two opposite TC currents together, a temperature insensitive current reference with robust zero TC point against process variation can be obtained in one BGR circuit. The BGR circuit is designed and verified in a 0. 5μm CMOS technology with an active area of 0.0165mm2. With 3.3-V supply voltage, the BGR circuit provides voltage and current reference of 1.25V and 13.5uA with TCs of 11.6ppm/°C and 58.5ppm/°C over the temperature range from −40°C to 85°C, respectively.
Some implications of the cutoff-rate criterion for coded direct-detection optical communication systems

The cutoff rate is derived for a digital communication system employing an optical carrier and direct detection. The coordinated design of the encoder, optical modulator, and demodulator is then studied using the cutoff rate as a performance measure rather than the more commonly employed error probability. Modulator design is studied when transmitted optical signals are subject simultaneously to average-energy and peak-value constraints. Pulse-position modulation is shown to maximize the cutoff rate when the average-energy constraint predominates, and the best signals when the peak-value constraint predominates are identified in terms of Hadamard matrices. A time-sharing of these signals maximizes the cutoff rate when neither constraint dominates the other. Problems of efficient energy utilization, choice of input and output alphabet dimension, and the effect of random detector gain are addressed.
A Quad-Band Doherty Power Amplifier Based on T-Section Coupled Lines

This letter proposes a new design technique for quad-band Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on the T-section coupled lines network (TCLN). The TCLN allows for the design of a quad-band impedance inverter at three arbitrary frequencies and one associated frequency offering more flexibility in the design of quad-band DPAs than the state of the art. The ratio of the largest operating frequency to the smallest operating frequency is found in the range 1.95 to 7, as the ratio of the other two operating frequencies is located in the range of 1.3 to 2.76. A quad-band DPA is implemented with TCLN, operating at 0.73, 1.65, 2.67, and 3.57GHz. The measured results agree with the anticipation perfectly.
The ecological environment assessment and repairing of Guilin Karst Scenery based on satellite remote sensing

This paper develops an ecological index (EI) model to assess ecological environment, which is more suitable for Guilin Karst Scenery, because of highlight a greater weight in land degradation, and a lower weight in biological abundance. The EI model considers the biological abundance index, vegetation coverage index, water density index, land degradation index, and environmental quality index, and these indexes are 55.7, 62.7, 69.8, 25.7, and 93, respectively. These indexes are taken into the EI model, and the ecological index is 60.3, which means that the karst ecological environment reaches a “Good” level, but not reaches an “Excellent” level. The results show that the City of Guilin, China presents a higher coverage of the vegetation, a richer biological diversity, and a suitable environment for human being survival. However, the results also indicate that the environmental problems have been arisen at the same time.
A Light-Weight Autonomous Power Saving Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes an autonomous energy saving method that works on wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor nodes are equipment for gathering information about the user's surrounding environment. An energy-efficient data gathering system is required because each node is battery powered. Our method autonomously reduces the sampling frequency for monitoring environments whose condition may vary rapidly or slowly. Its simple lightweight computation scheme also helps to reduce battery consumption. We conducted experiments using real sensor data and found that our method performed well in terms of both power consumption and quality of sampled data.
A three-dimensional spatial fading correlation model for uniform rectangular arrays

A closed-form expression for the spatial fading correlation function of a uniform rectangular array (URA) in a three-dimensional (3D) multipath channel is derived. The fading correlation function is expressed in terms of both the azimuth and elevation angle of arrival as well as the antenna spacing and geometry of the URA. Verification is achieved by means of computer simulation where the theoretical and simulation results are shown to be in good agreement. Our results demonstrate that azimuth spread (AS) is the primary determinant of the antenna correlation and the impact of the elevation spread is mainly noticeable at low AS values. The results obtained are vital for capacity analysis in multiple-input multiple-output systems, as well as for sensitivity analysis of the antenna array under study.
Comparison of toxicity and transfection efficiency of amphiphilic block copolymers and polycationic polymers in striated muscles

Gene delivery using synthetic vectors is frequently based on cationic compounds such as polyethyleneimine (PEI). However, few data have been published on the ability of PEI to mediate transgene expression in muscle tissue. Besides cationic vectors, there is increasing interest focusing on amphiphilic copolymers as gene carriers into striated muscles, although their mechanism of action is unknown.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein decreases the induced nitric oxide synthesis in rat mesangial cells

Recently, the close relation between oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox‐LDL) and the progression of glomerular injury has been demonstrated. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway in glomerular mesangial cells may be a potential target for the adverse effects of Ox‐LDL in the development of glomerular injury. In this study, we treated cultured rat mesangial cells (RMC) with Fe2+‐oxidized LDL and then stimulated the cells with lipopolysacharride (LPS, 10 μg ml−1). The LPS‐induced NO production, assessed by NO2− concentrations in cultured supernatants, decreased from 7·83 nmol per 106 cells in control to 4·00 nmol per 106 cells and 1·67 nmol per 106 cells in RMC preincubated with Ox‐LDL at 20 μg ml−1 and 40 μg ml−1, respectively (P<0·01). Native LDL had no significant effects on LPS‐induced NO production. Using the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technique, we could not detect significant alteration of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in RMC preincubated with Ox‐LDL. Our results suggest that Ox‐LDL decreases induced NO production in RMC, which may contribute to the adverse effects of Ox‐LDL in progressive glomerular injury. The mechanisms of this decrease may not involve changes of iNOS genic transcription. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.