Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DCAS-based concurrent deques

The computer industry is currently examining the use of strong synchronization operations such as double compare-and-swap (DCAS) as a means of supporting non-blocking synchronization on tomorrow's multiprocessor machines. However, before such a strong primitive will be incorporated into hardware design, its utility needs to be proven by developing a body of effective non-blocking data structures using DCAS. As part of this effort, we present two new linearizable non-blocking implementations of concurrent deques using the DCAS operation. The first uses an array representation, and improves on former algorithms by allowing uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque while correctly handling the difficult boundary cases when the deque is empty or full. The second uses a linked-list representation, and is the first non-blocking unbounded-memory deque implementation. It too allows uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque.
Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibilities of Chinese Distillers Dried Grains, Produced from Different Regions and Grains Fed to Growing Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestibility of crude protein (CP), amino acids and energy in three Chinese corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), one rice DDGS, one American corn DDGS and one American high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG). In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids in the six samples were determined using cannulated barrows (initial BW: 43.3±1.7 kg). In Exp. 2, the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of these six samples were determined using crossbred barrows (initial BW: 46.0±2.5 kg). The results of the two experiments indicated that Chinese corn DDGS is generally similar to American DDGS in chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME. However, Chinese DDGS had a lower Lys concentration (0.50% vs. 0.74%) and SID Lys (52.3% vs. 57.0%, p<0.01). The DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS were 3,427 and 3,306 kcal/kg, respectively. Rice DDGS had a similar DE and ME (3,363 and 3,228 kcal/kg) but higher Lys concentration (0.64% vs. 0.50%) to corn DDGS, while the SID of Lys was quite low (61.8%, p<0.01). HP-DDG had high value of SID of Lys, DE and ME (79.8%, 3,899 and 3,746 kcal/kg). In conclusion, except for a lower Lys concentrations and availability, the chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS are similar to American corn DDGS. Additionally, the rice DDGS had lower Lys content and digestible Lys values than that in corn DDGS. Thirdly, HP-DDG has higher levels of digestible amino acids and energy than DDGS.
UNVEILING THE HIGH ENERGY TAIL OF 1E 1740.7–2942 WITH INTEGRAL

The microquasar 1E 1740.7–2942 is observed with INTEGRAL since Spring 2003. Here, we report on the source high-energy behavior by using the first three years of data collected with SPI and IBIS telescopes, taking advantage of the instruments complementarity. Light curves analysis showed two main states for 1E 1740.7–2942: the canonical low/hard state of black hole candidates (BHCs) and a “dim” state, characterized by an ∼20 times fainter emission, detected only below 50 keV and when summing more than 1 Ms of data. For the first time the continuum of the low/hard state has been measured up to ∼600 keV with a spectrum that is well represented by a thermal Comptonization plus an additional component necessary to fit the data above 200 keV. This high-energy component could be related to nonthermal processes as already observed in other BHCs. Alternatively, we show that a model composed of two thermal Comptonizations provides an equally representative description of the data: the temperature of the first population of electrons results as (kTe)1∼ 30 keV while the second, (kTe)2, is fixed at 100 keV. Finally, searching for 511 keV line showed no feature, either narrow or broad, transient or persistent.
Alternative Splicing and Tissue-specific Elastin Misassembly Act as Biological Modifiers of Human Elastin Gene Frameshift Mutations Associated with Dominant Cutis Laxa*

Background: A humanized mouse was developed to study elastin assembly and the pathogenesis of cutis laxa. Results: Mutant transcripts incorporate into elastic fibers of skin and lung with adverse effects but not aorta. Conclusion: Elastin frameshift mutations alter elastin assembly domains. Significance: The mechanism of elastic fiber assembly may not be the same in all tissues. Elastin is the extracellular matrix protein in vertebrates that provides elastic recoil to blood vessels, the lung, and skin. Because the elastin gene has undergone significant changes in the primate lineage, modeling elastin diseases in non-human animals can be problematic. To investigate the pathophysiology underlying a class of elastin gene mutations leading to autosomal dominant cutis laxa, we engineered a cutis laxa mutation (single base deletion) into the human elastin gene contained in a bacterial artificial chromosome. When expressed as a transgene in mice, mutant elastin was incorporated into elastic fibers in the skin and lung with adverse effects on tissue function. In contrast, only low levels of mutant protein incorporated into aortic elastin, which explains why the vasculature is relatively unaffected in this disease. RNA stability studies found that alternative exon splicing acts as a modifier of disease severity by influencing the spectrum of mutant transcripts that survive nonsense-mediated decay. Our results confirm the critical role of the C-terminal region of tropoelastin in elastic fiber assembly and suggest tissue-specific differences in the elastin assembly pathway.
Microstructure and ambient properties of a Sialon composite prepared by hot pressing and reactive sintering of β–Si_3N_4 coated with Al_2O_3

A composite microstructure, consisting of β-Sialon, O -Sialon, and X -Sialon phases was produced by coating β–Si_3N_4 particles with amorphous alumina followed by hot pressing and reactive sintering at 1923 K. The particle coating procedure was selected over conventional powder blending in order to promote heterogeneous nucleation of β-Sialon grains on β–Si_3N_4 particles uniformly. The microstructure, chemistry of the phases, and interphase interfaces of this ceramic were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Both electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) x-ray microanalysis in AEM revealed that b-Sialon grains had varying aluminum and oxygen contents. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) examination of several interphase interfaces and triple junctions suggests that the amount of glassy phase in the produced ceramic is substantially lower compared to those reported in the literature. This is of importance of high temperature properties. The fracture toughness and wear properties were evaluated at room temperature. Available data indicate that the fracture toughness and wear of β-Sialon composite can be significantly improved by the powder coating technique compared to the conventional powder blending technique.
Design of an accuracy study for position detection in football

Abstract Only a few studies have analysed the accuracy of position detection systems. All of them analysed distances and velocities, which are the outcome of calculations based on x,y positions. The objective of this study was to analyse the accuracy of dynamic x,y position measurement of a radar- and an image-based system in football. One and two runners performed five different runs on four different locations on a football pitch. X,y positions recorded by the radar-based and the image-based system were compared to x,y positions measured by a Laveg laser device. Accuracies were analysed by means of root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed that the radar-based system detects positions more accurately than the image-based system (P = 0.000). Mean RMSE of the radar-based system was 0.24 m, RMSE of the image-based system was 0.73 m. The image-based system was significantly influenced by the location of the run, whereas the radar-based system was not. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the radar-based system is more valid in detecting x,y positions than the image-based system. Future studies should take advantage of the new test design which allows more precise statements on the accuracy of a position detection system.
Assessment of mitral valve stenosis by helical MDCT: comparison with transthoracic doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization.

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the precision of helical MDCT for the quantification of mitral valve stenosis (MVS) compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac catheterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 28 patients with MVS of differing severity underwent an ECG-gated contrast-enhanced MDCT scan. The mitral valve area (MVA) was determined planimetrically by MDCT and was compared with Doppler TTE using the pressure half-time method and with cardiac catheterization using the Gorlin formula. RESULTS Planimetry of the MVA with MDCT was feasible in all cases. The MVA on MDCT (1.88 ± 0.76 cm(2)) was significantly larger than that seen with TTE (1.74 ± 0.75 cm(2); p = 0.039) or cardiac catheterization (1.72 ± 0.67 cm(2); p = 0.037). The correlation between MDCT and TTE (r = 0.90; p < 0.001; limits of agreement, ± 0.65 cm(2)) and that between MDCT and cardiac catheterization (r = 0.86; p < 0.001; limits of agreement, ± 0.76 cm(2)) were good and similar to the correlation between TTE and cardiac catheterization (r = 0.88; p < 0.001; limits of agreement, ± 0.71 cm(2)). The best cutoff level for detecting moderate-to-severe stenosis at MDCT was an MVA of 1.70 cm(2), resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 73%, 88%, 82%, 80%, and 83%, respectively, with two false-positive and three false-negative results. CONCLUSION The MVA planimetrically determined by MDCT is systematically larger than those calculated by Doppler TTE and cardiac catheterization. However, because of a good correlation between methods and adjustment for the systematic bias, MDCT may allow reliable quantification of MVS and effectual discrimination among severity grades, although discrepancies between methods remain in individual cases.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Resveratrol Trimers Catalyzed by Horseradish Peroxidase

Biotransformation of trans-resveratrol and synthetic (±)-ε-viniferin in aqueous acetone using horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants resulted in the isolation of two new resveratrol trimers (3 and 4), one new resveratrol derivative (5) with a dihydrobenzofuran skeleton, together with two known stilbene trimers (6 and 7), and six known stilbene dimers (8–13). Their structures and relative configurations were identified through spectral analysis and possible formation mechanisms were also discussed. Among these oligomers, trimers 6 and 7 were obtained for the first time through direct transformation from resveratrol. Results indicated that this reaction is suitable for the preparation of resveratrol oligomers with a complex structure.
A Historical Analysis of the Field of OR/MS using Topic Models

This study investigates the content of the published scientific literature in the fields of operations research and management science (OR/MS) since the early 1950s. Our study is based on 80,757 published journal abstracts from 37 of the leading OR/MS journals. We have developed a topic model, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and extend this analysis to reveal the temporal dynamics of the field, journals, and topics. Our analysis shows the generality or specificity of each of the journals, and we identify groups of journals with similar content, which are both consistent and inconsistent with intuition. We also show how journals have become more or less unique in their scope. A more detailed analysis of each journals' topics over time shows significant temporal dynamics, especially for journals with niche content. This study presents an observational, yet objective, view of the published literature from OR/MS that would be of interest to authors, editors, journals, and publishers. Furthermore, this work can be used by new entrants to the fields of OR/MS to understand the content landscape, as a starting point for discussions and inquiry of the field at large, or as a model for other fields to perform similar analyses.
Brain fluid calcium concentration and response to acute hypercalcaemia during development in the rat.

1. In vivo measurements of plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid (ISF) ionic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) have been made in anaesthetized rats aged between 19 days gestation and adult using calcium‐selective microelectrodes. Total calcium concentration ([ Ca]) has also been determined in plasma and CSF samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. 2. Under control conditions, plasma, CSF and ISF [Ca2+] showed a small, but significant, decrease with age. Plasma and CSF, but not ISF, showed a transient hypocalcaemia at birth. After birth there were no significant differences between plasma, CSF and ISF [Ca2+], except in adult rats where CSF [Ca2+] was significantly lower than plasma [Ca2+]. The age‐related changes in CSF and ISF [Ca2+] were small and it is uncertain as to whether they may have any functional significance. 3. Under control conditions, plasma and CSF [Ca] also declined with age. The fall in plasma [Ca] paralleled the changes in plasma [Ca2+]. The decrease in CSF [Ca] was steeper than that in [Ca2+] and indicated a higher proportion of protein‐bound or complexed calcium in the CSF of young when compared to old rats. 4. Acute plasma hypercalcaemia was induced by intramuscular injections of calcium gluconate and consequent changes in CSF or ISF [Ca2+] were monitored in vivo. There was very weak regulation of CSF and ISF [Ca2+] at 21 days gestation, which may reflect placental control over fetal plasma calcium. Soon after birth there was good regulation in both ISF and CSF [Ca2+]. CSF [Ca] was also measured during hypercalcaemia in samples from post‐natal rats and there was similar regulation to that in CSF [Ca2+]. 5. It is concluded that under control conditions, during rat development, CSF and ISF [Ca2+] closely follow changes in plasma [Ca2+], but that soon after birth homeostatic mechanisms develop to prevent large fluctuations in brain fluid calcium.
Yersinia philomiragia sp. n., a New Member of the Pasteurella Group of Bacteria, Naturally Pathogenic for the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica)

A bacterium experimentally pathogenic for muskrats (Ondatra zibethica), white mice, mountain voles (Microtus montanus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was isolated from the tissues of a sick muskrat captured on the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (Brigham City, Utah) and from four surface water samples collected within 15 miles of that point. In culture, the cells are chiefly coccoid, but in the tissues of muskrats and voles they resemble the bizarre forms of Yersinia pestis, except for their smaller size. The characteristics of the organism are described and the name Yersinia philomiragia sp. n. is proposed.
Joint registration of attenuation and activity images in gated TOF-PET

To date, attenuation correction of gated PET emission data remains a challenge. Joint activity and attenuation estimation methods may contribute to solving this challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a framework in which the gated PET activity and attenuation images are jointly reconstructed and then registered to a reference frame by a joint registration approach. The method is studied and compared to common approaches by means of 2D and 3D simulations.
High-frequency electromagnetic force characteristics on electromagnetic shielding materials in wireless power transmission system

The high frequency resonant current in coupler would inevitable results in interaction of electromagnetic force (EMF), leading to short service life, poor security and low reliability of wireless power transmission (WPT). It may be worse when electromagnetic shielding (EMS) materials are used. The mechanism and characteristics of the EMF on various EMS materials are revealed. Based on Lorentz force and Kelvin force, the mathematical calculating model of EMF is established with analysis of forces of iron, copper, aluminum, and ferrite. The effects of electric conductivity and magnetic permeability on EMF are compared. Simulation is established to verify the analysis of the high frequency EMF. The results showed that the effects of electric conductivity and magnetic permeability on the direction of the EMF are opposite. And the force can be reduced by appropriate designing the shielding structure.
A General Framework for Geo-Social Query Processing

The proliferation of GPS-enabledmobile devises and the popularity of social networking have recently led to the rapid growth of Geo-Social Networks (GeoSNs). GeoSNs have created a fertile ground for novel location-based social interactions and advertising. These can be facilitated by GeoSN queries, which extract useful information combining both the social relationships and the current location of the users. This paper constitutes the first systematic work on GeoSN query processing. We propose a general framework that offers flexible data management and algorithmic design. Our architecture segregates the social, geographical and query processing modules. Each GeoSN query is processed via a transparent combination of primitive queries issued to the social and geographical modules. We demonstrate the power of our framework by introducing several "basic" and "advanced" query types, and devising various solutions for each type. Finally, we perform an exhaustive experimental evaluation with real and synthetic datasets, based on realistic implementations with both commercial software (such as MongoDB) and state-of-the-art research methods. Our results confirm the viability of our framework in typical large-scale GeoSNs.
L1-L2 Optimization in Signal and Image Processing

Sparse, redundant representations offer a powerful emerging model for signals. This model approximates a data source as a linear combination of few atoms from a prespecified and over-complete dictionary. Often such models are fit to data by solving mixed ¿1-¿2 convex optimization problems. Iterative-shrinkage algorithms constitute a new family of highly effective numerical methods for handling these problems, surpassing traditional optimization techniques. In this article, we give a broad view of this group of methods, derive some of them, show accelerations based on the sequential subspace optimization (SESOP), fast iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) and the conjugate gradient (CG) method, present a comparative performance, and discuss their potential in various applications, such as compressed sensing, computed tomography, and deblurring.
Anti-phospholipid human monoclonal antibodies inhibit CCR5-tropic HIV-1 and induce β-chemokines

Traditional antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 infection is thought to result from the binding of antibodies to virions, thus preventing virus entry. However, antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are rare and are not induced by current vaccines. We report that four human anti-phospholipid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (PGN632, P1, IS4, and CL1) inhibit HIV-1 CCR5-tropic (R5) primary isolate infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 80% inhibitory concentrations of <0.02 to ∼10 µg/ml. Anti-phospholipid mAbs inhibited PBMC HIV-1 infection in vitro by mechanisms involving binding to monocytes and triggering the release of MIP-1α and MIP-1β. The release of these β-chemokines explains both the specificity for R5 HIV-1 and the activity of these mAbs in PBMC cultures containing both primary lymphocytes and monocytes.
Characterizing performance guarantees for multiagent, real-time systems operating in noisy and uncertain environments

Autonomous robots offer the potential to conduct Counter-Weapons of Mass Destruction (C-WMD) missions in an efficient and robust manner. However, to leverage this potential, a mission designer needs to be able to determine how well a robot system will operate in the noisy and uncertain environments that a C-WMD mission may require. We are developing a software framework for verification of performance guarantees for C-WMD missions based on the MissionLab software system and a novel process algebra approach to representing robot programs and operating environments. In this paper, we report on our initial research for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) in understanding what is required from a performance guarantee to give a mission designer the information necessary to understand how well a robot program will perform in a specific environment. We link this to prior work on metrics for robot performance. Using a simple mission scenario, we explore the implications of uncertainty in the four components of the problem: the robot program, and the sensors, actuators and environment with which the program is executed.
Photoresist Derived Carbon for Growth and Differentiation of Neuronal Cells

Apoptosis or necrosis of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is the hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The inability to regenerate in CNS offers little hope for naturally repairing the damaged neurons. However, with the rapid development of new technologies, regenerative medicine offers great promises to patients with these disorders. Among many events for further advancement of regenerative medicine, extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role for cellular migration and differentiation. To develop a biocompatible and electrically conductive substrate that can be potentially used to promote growth and regeneration of neurons and to record intracellular and multisite signals from brain as a probe, a polymeric precursor – SPR 220.7 was fabricated by pyrolysis at temperatures higher than 700 ºC. Human Neuroblastoma cells - SK-N-MC, SY5Y, mouse teratocarcinoma cells P-19 and rat PC12 cells were found to attach and proliferate on photoresist derived carbon film. Significantly, neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells induced by NGF was demonstrated by observing cell shape and size, and measuring the length of neurites under SEM. Our results indicated that fabricated carbon could potentially be explored in regenerative medicine for promoting neuronal growth and differentiation in CNS with neurodegeneration.
Complexity-adaptive distance metric for object proposals generation

Distance metric plays a key role in grouping superpixels to produce object proposals for object detection. We observe that existing distance metrics work primarily for low complexity cases. In this paper, we develop a novel distance metric for grouping two superpixels in high-complexity scenarios. Combining them, a complexity-adaptive distance measure is produced that achieves improved grouping in different levels of complexity. Our extensive experimentation shows that our method can achieve good results in the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset surpassing the latest state-of-the-art methods.