Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational Psychology in Cross Cultural Perspective

Contents1 Introduction 2 Foundations of Organizations and Culture 3 Culture and Organizations 4 Organizational and National Culture 5 Leadership in Organizations 6 Leadership in Other Cultures 7 Work Motivation 8 Managerial Values and Skills 9 The Impact of Cultural Values on Problem Solving, Teams, Gender, Stress, and Ethics 10 Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment 11 Con? ict and Power 12 Communication and Negotiation 13 Personnel Psychology and Human Resource Management 14 Some Final Thoughts References Name Index Subject Index About the Author
International Migration, Human Capital, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Philippine Migrants' Exchange Rate Shocks

Millions of households in developing countries receive financial support from family members working overseas. How do the economic prospects of overseas migrants affect origin-household investments-in particular, in child human capital and household enterprises? Yang examines Philippine households' responses to overseas members' economic shocks. Overseas Filipinos work in dozens of foreign countries which experienced sudden (and heterogeneous) changes in exchange rates due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Appreciation of a migrant's currency against the Philippine peso leads to increases in household remittances received from overseas. The estimated elasticity of Philippine peso remittances with respect to the Philippine/foreign exchange rate is 0.60. In addition, these positive income shocks lead to enhanced human capital accumulation and entrepreneurship in origin households. Favorable migrant shocks lead to greater child schooling, reduced child labor, and increased educational expenditure in origin households. More favorable exchange rate shocks also raise hours worked in self-employment and lead to greater entry into relatively capital-intensive enterprises by migrants' origin households.
A Semi-Supervised Framework for MMMs-Induced Fuzzy Co-Clustering with Virtual Samples

Although the goal of clustering is to reveal structural information from unlabeled datasets, in cases with partial structural supervisions, semi-supervised clustering is expected to improve partition quality. However, in many real applications, it may cause additional costs to provide an enough amount of supervised objects with class labels. A virtual sample approach is a practical technique for improving classification quality in semi-supervised learning, in which additional virtual samples are generated from supervised objects. In this research, the virtual sample approach is adopted in semi-supervised fuzzy co-clustering, where the goal is to reveal object-item pairwise cluster structures from cooccurrence information among them. Several experimental results demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed approach.
The Next 50 Years: Fatal Discontinuities

Modern civilization is subject to gradual environmental, social, economic, and political transformations as well as to sudden changes that can fundamentally alter its prospects. This article examines a key set of such fatal discontinuities by quantifying the likelihood of three classes of sudden, and potentially catastrophic, events-natural disasters (the Earth's collision with nearby asteroids, massive volcanic eruptions and mega-tsunami generated by these events, as well as by huge landslides); viral pandemics; and transformational wars-and by comparing their likelihood with other involuntary risks (including terrorism) and voluntary actions and exposures. Copyright 2005 The Population Council, Inc.
The influence of strategy map communications and individual differences on multidimensional performance evaluations

Multidimensional performance evaluation systems such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) were developed to overcome the documented tendency of managers to focus almost exclusively on short-term financial performance measures while disregarding or de-emphasising other short-term and/or long-term non-financial performance measures. Evidence suggests, however, that implementation of many of these systems has not achieved desired outcomes. Cogent communication of a corporation's goals and management's strategy to achieve those goals can be expected to influence employee ‘buy-in’ and the subsequent use or resistance to multidimensional performance measures. In this study we examine the role of strategy maps in communicating goals and strategy. We also examine individual differences (tolerance of ambiguity and functional background) that we believe also influence individuals to be more (or less) receptive to the guidance of strategy maps. An experiment was conducted with 165 experienced professionals enrolled in MBA programmes in Spain and the US. Our experimental results indicate that a strategy map reflecting integrated dependencies can de-bias evaluations of certain groups of individuals, who have high tolerance for ambiguity and have a financial work background. Implications and suggestions for future research are also provided.
Quantifying Some of the Impacts of Economics Blogs

Economics blogs represent a significant change in the way research on development economics is discussed and disseminated, yet little is known about the impact of this new medium. Using surveys of development researchers and practitioners, along with experimental and nonexperimental techniques, we try to quantify some of the blogs’ effects. We find that links from blogs cause a striking increase in the number of abstract views and downloads of economics papers. Furthermore, blogging raises the profile of the blogger and changes readers’ perceptions about his or her institution. Finally, we find some suggestive evidence that a blog can increase knowledge of the topics it covers for the average, but not the marginal, reader.
The National Football League Combine: Performance Differences Between Drafted and Nondrafted Players Entering the 2004 and 2005 Drafts

The purpose of this study was to examine performance differences between drafted and nondrafted athletes (N = 321) during the 2004 and 2005 National Football League (NFL) Combines. We categorized players into one of 3 groups: Skill, Big skill, and Linemen. Skill players (SP) consisted of wide receivers, cornerbacks, free safeties, strong safeties, and running backs. Big skill players (BSP) included fullbacks, linebackers, tight ends, and defensive ends. Linemen (LM) consisted of centers, offensive guards, offensive tackles, and defensive tackles. We analyzed player height and mass, as well as performance on the following combine drills: 40-yard dash, 225-lb bench press test, vertical jump, broad jump, pro-agility shuttle, and the 3-cone drill. Student t-tests compared performance on each of these measures between drafted and nondrafted players. Statistical significance was found between drafted and nondrafted SP for the 40-yard dash (P < 0.001), vertical jump (P = 0.003), pro-agility shuttle (P < 0.001), and 3-cone drill (P < 0.001). Drafted and nondrafted BSP performed differently on the 40-yard dash (P = 0.002) and 3-cone drill (P = 0.005). Finally, drafted LM performed significantly better than nondrafted LM on the 40-yard dash (P = 0.016), 225-lb bench press (P = 0.003), and 3-cone drill (P = 0.005). Certified strength and conditioning specialists will be able to utilize the significant findings to help better prepare athletes as they ready themselves for the NFL Combine.
Personal attributes of expatriate managers, subordinate ethnocentrism, and expatriate success: a host-country perspective

This study had two objectives. First, to establish the relative importance of expatriate managers' job knowledge, relational leadership skills, and cultural openness and adaptability for expatriate success from the perspective of host-country national subordinates, and to test whether these personal attributes are related to expatriate success criteria (expatriate work adjustment, subordinate commitment, subordinate job satisfaction, and unit performance). Second, to test whether host-country national subordinate ethnocentrism is related to expatriate work adjustment. Respondents were 129 host-country national subordinates of expatriate managers. Results showed that subordinates perceived all personal attributes as important and that all personal attributes were positively related to most of the success criteria. However, relational leadership skills was the most important personal attribute, and it was the crucial success factor for expatriate managers' unit performance. Subordinate ethnocentrism was negatively related to expatriate work adjustment. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Regional Positioning and Identity Formation in East Asian Trade: Comparing China and India

Abstract This paper explores the relative regional positions of China and India from a geo-economic perspective. The findings of this paper give rise to two important observations. First, the core economic factors driving trade partnerships appear to be, by and large, in the import rather than in the export domain. This suggests that import activities of China from the region depend more on the characteristics of the East Asian partners than export does. In contrast, the core economic factors, such as combined market size and FDI stocks, coupled with similar demand patterns and different factor intensities, are important for generating exports from India to East Asia. Second, though China and India have regional roles as demanders (importer) and suppliers (exporter) of merchandise goods, the differences in the relative positions of the two countries stand out from the supplier perspective. China appears to exert a much larger role as a supplier relative to India to fuel economic interdependence in East Asia. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is still a lack of regional polarization given China's extra-regional bias from the export side. The paper therefore contends that there is scope for India to manoeuvre its position regionally, particularly from the export perspective.
Sympatho‐vagal interaction in the recovery phase of exercise

Reciprocal autonomic regulation occurs during incremental exercise. We hypothesized that sympatho‐vagal interplay may become altered after exercise because of the differences in recovery patterns of autonomic arms. The cardiac vagal activity was assessed by measurement of beat‐to‐beat R–R interval oscillations using a Poincaré plot method (SD1), and muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA) was measured from peroneus nerve by a microneurography technique during and after exercise in 16 healthy subjects. Autonomic regulation was compared between the rest and after exercise (3·5 ± 1·0 min after exercise) at equal heart rates (HR). SD1 was at the equal level at the recovery phase (40 ± 21 ms) compared to the resting condition (38 ± 16 ms, P = ns) at comparable HR (57 ± 10 for both). MSNA was higher at the recovery phase (40 ± 19 burst per 100 heartbeats) than at rest (25 ± 13 burst per 100 heartbeats, P<0·0001). The difference of MSNA activity between rest and late recovery phase had a strong positive correlation with the difference in SD1 (r = 0·78, P<0·001) at equal HRs. Subjects who have a higher sympathetic activity in the recovery phase of exercise have a more augmented cardiac vagal activity resulting in an accentuated sympatho‐vagal outflow. The altered autonomic interaction observed here may partly explain the clustering of various cardiovascular events to the recovery phase of exercise.
Lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk motion in the sagittal plane: A review of the kinematic measurement methods and characterization approaches

Lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk forward bending and backward return has been widely investigated to have a better understanding of the pattern of trunk motion, as used in research on low back disorders. Considerable differences in the methods used to measure, and approaches used to characterize the lumbopelvic rhythm hinder the integration of findings of those studies for further research in the future. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the methods for kinematic measurement as well as their characterization approaches for the lumbopelvic rhythm. PUBMED and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies. Several types of instruments were found to be used in the reviewed studies, mostly using markers or sensors, which were placed on different parts of spine, with different definitions to measure the lumbar and pelvic motion. Also, various characterization approaches were found to be used, of which some related to the magnitude, while the others to the timing aspects of lumbopelvic rhythm. Such a characterization was either qualitative or quantitative. In addition, the specified characterization approaches were applied on a sample of trunk kinematics data from our lab to demonstrate differences in the outcomes of these approaches.
Heterothermy, torpor, respiratory gas exchange, water balance and the effect of feeding in Gould's long-eared bat Nyctophilus gouldi.

The effects of temperature and nutritional status on the metabolic rate of Nyctophilus gouldi were examined. Bats fed marked meals first defecated approximately 1.34 h after feeding and were calculated to have a mean retention time of 5.38 +/- 0.57 h but to be truly post-absorptive after 9 h. Over the temperature range 1-35 degrees C, the metabolic rate (Vo2) and body temperature (Tb) of fasted bats were extremely labile. Below 30 degrees C, the bats all entered torpor and between 10 and 15 degrees C showed a mean 84% reduction over the maximal Vo2. Body temperature was also minimal over this range (Tb = 12.5 degrees C, Ta = 10-15 degrees C). Both total and dry thermal conductance increased in a curvilinear manner with temperature, total conductance from 3.38 +/- 0.65 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1 at 1 degree C to 24.25 +/- 1.99 J g-1 h-1 degree C-1 at 35 degrees C (mean +/- S.E.M.), while the rate of evaporative water loss increased with Ta by a maximum of 10-fold from 0.21 mg g-1 h-1 at 5 degrees C to 2.69 mg g-1h-1 at 35 degrees C. Between 10 and 25 degrees C, intermittent respiration characterised by episodic bouts of breathing/gas exchange and periods of apnoea with no measurable Vo2 occurred. Although the duration of apnoea decreased when temperature was increased, the volume of oxygen taken up in each episode did not change. Mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was low (0.64-0.77) in post-absorptive bats, typical of fat utilisation, but during torpor ranged from near 0 to near 2, indicating discontinuous and disproportional gas exchange. Feeding produced a condition of relatively sustained homeothermy and high RER in the bats which persisted for 9 h, after which the N. gouldi became torpid. Immediately after feeding, the Vo2 of the bats increased fivefold above the post-absorptive level, while the Vco2 increased by more than eightfold. Similarly, body temperature also increased, declining to torpid values after 9. The RER in immediately post-feeding bats was near 1.0 but subsequently declined to near 0.7, indicating a switch from carbohydrate to fat utilisation. Therefore, the N. gouldi were heterothermic, exhibited a highly labile metabolic rate, and rates of heat and water loss, and Tb which were influenced both by ambient temperature and by nutritional status.
Emotion recognition in i-vector space

Emotions in speech are the key to the fluent human communication. The investigation of emotions in speech has been reported in many different studies. Thus the scope of this article is dedicated to the emotion recognition from speech signal. To find out the best recognition performance of used system, different cepstral coefficient were extracted from the emotional recordings of two female and one male speaker on the frame basis. The extracted supervector were projected to reduced form of i-vectors. Classification of such processed vectors was provided, and classification performance of individual spectral features extracted is discussed.
Accrual Accounting in EU Local Governments: One Method, Several Approaches

This paper seeks to measure the degree of accrual implementation in EU local government accounting systems and also tries to give an answer to the question of why accrual accounting has overcome the resistance to other New Public Management (NPM) reforms in countries relatively suspicious of them. We carry out our analysis through the comparison of the accrual accounting legal requirements in force in each country, and the published financial statements, taking the IPSASs of the IFAC as a benchmark. The results show different degrees of accrual accounting implementation and legal compliance. The reason of accrual accounting dissemination lies partially in that the dual systems implemented in European Continental countries do not require the introduction of deep organizational changes and answer the democratic demands of citizens for higher responsiveness, transparency and accountability, while traditional budgetary statements are maintained for monitoring compliance with legality and for administrative decision-making purposes.
Pricing Options on Realized Variance in the Heston Model with Jumps in Returns and Volatility

We develop analytical methodology for pricing and hedging options on the realized variance under the Heston stochastic variance model (1993) augmented with jumps in asset returns and variance. By employing generalized Fourier transform we obtain analytical solutions (up to numerical inversion of Fourier integral) for swaps on the realized volatility and variance and for options on these swaps. We also extend our framework for pricing forward-start options on the realized variance and volatility, including options on the VIX. Our methodology allows us to consistently unify pricing and risk managing of different volatility options. We provide an example of model parameters estimation using both time series of the VIX and the VIX options data and find that the proposed model is in agreement with both historical and implied market data. Finally, we derive a log-normal approximation to the density of the realized variance in the Heston model and obtain accurate approximate solution for volatility options with longer maturities.
An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Labor Entering Monopoly Industry in China's Urban Labor Market

Industrial segmentation of the labor market is an important factor which causes the wage inequality in China’s urban labor market. This paper aims to investigate the determinants which help people entering monopoly industry by building a logistic model using CHIP data. The results show that the workers’ education, work experience and age are more helpful for labor entering monopoly industry in China’s urban labor market. Compared with the local residents with the same human capital, the probability of the floating population entering the monopoly industry is much smaller. Key words: Industrial segmentation; Urban labor market; Logistic model
The demand for micro insurance in Ghana

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which influence the demand for micro-insurance services among the informal sector workers of Ghana who are quite vulnerable to various risks in the economy. Design/methodology/approach - The study adopts a quantitative technique based on primary data sampled randomly from 100 informal sector workers from four major market centers in Accra, Ghana. The probit regression model was used for the empirical investigation. Findings - Empirical investigation using the probit model indicates that premium flexibility, income level and nodal agency are significant determinants of micro-insurance demand. Insurance knowledge, expectation (trust) and marital status were also found to have positive and significant impact on the demand for micro insurance. Interestingly, the empirical analysis shows that formal education is not a significant determinant; rather one's level of insurance knowledge has a positive and significant impact on micro-insurance demand. Social implications - Insurers must consider the nature of the cash-flow of informal workers in the design of premiums. The government must integrate micro insurance into its poverty reduction program. Originality/value - The micro-insurance market is very new and unresearched in Ghana. This foundational study is, therefore, very original and a most valuable guide to commercial insurance companies which want to venture into this huge untapped opportunity in the Ghanaian informal sector.
Comparing economic performance in the presence of diversity

International performance comparisons are very attractive to policy-makers, with good reason. In the absence of any practical criteria for judging optimal performance, cross-country comparisons offer one of the few ways in which policy-makers can assess performance outcomes of policy measures and economic processes. This paper explores some dimensions and implications of diversity for inter-country comparisons. There are serious difficulties in formulating hypotheses free of unwarranted assumptions, in interpreting cross-country indicators, and in comparing countries through official statistics. Comparisons can be useful and productive, but need to take heterogeneity into account, using interpretative care to distinguish between real differences and statistical or indicator artefacts. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
In Search of the Missing Resource Curse

The debate over the curse of natural resources has haunted developing countries for decades if not centuries. A review of existing empirical evidence suggests that the curse remains elusive. The fragile negative effect of natural resources on economic growth might be due to international heterogeneity in the effects of natural resources on economic growth, to the use of weak indicators of natural resources that might be unrelated to relative natural-resource endowments, or to the inability of econometric analysis based on international data to capture historical processes. This paper defends an empirical proxy for relative abundance of natural resources, which is based on standard growth theory. In turn, various econometric estimations are hopelessly deployed in the search for the missing resource curse. Some evidence suggests that natural resources might have large positive effects whose true magnitude remains unknown due to unresolved econometric issues.
Network coding in device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks

Multi-hop cooperative communications have been considered to increase the coverage range of device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks. Whilst network coding (NC) has been proven as an efficient technique to improve the throughput of ad-hoc networks, it has not been adapted to D2D networks. In this paper, we propose a NC-D2D system, in which we apply NC into the multi-hop D2D communications to enhance its throughput. We then develop a radio resource management (RRM) mechanism that jointly optimises the power control and subchannel allocation for NC-D2D communications. The proposed RRM maximises the throughput of NC-D2D communications while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of conventional cellular (CC) UEs. We also investigate how caching capabilities at relay nodes would impact the system performance. Simulation results show that by employing NC and our proposed RRM mechanism, the throughput of multi-hop D2D communications is significantly improved and the time required for exchanging large data files between a D2D pair is dramatically reduced as compared to existing multi-hop D2D schemes.