Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual memory management

This thesis studies methods of scheduling, memory management, and load control in a virtual memory computer system. It also studies the problem of modeling virtual memory systems. The work contributes new ideas and techniques in each of these areas. Finally, the thesis compares the two alternative classes--local and global--of virtual memory management policies. In the area of scheduling, a multi-level, load-balancing queue is described; this mechanism is useful for maintaining good response time in interactive systems and for managing a central server in a distributed computer system. In the area of memory management, a new policy, WSCLOCK, is developed; this policy combines the natural load control of the WS (working set) policy and the simplicity and low cost of the CLOCK (approximate global LRU) policy. Two contributions are made in the area of load control. First, a general loading-task/running-task (LT/RT) control alleviates congestion when multiple tasks are newly-activated at the same time. Second, a load control for the global policy CLOCK is presented; this adaptive feedback control uses information collected during the page replacement process to estimate the overall level of main memory commitment and, then, adjusts the multiprogramming level for best performance. This control employs exponentially-smoothed confidence intervals--a statistic that is also developed in the thesis. Models to compare local and gobal memory management policies that are both accurate and efficient have been difficult to construct. The thesis (1) develops a trace-driven model of program behavior that greatly reduces the cost of simulation with a negligible loss of accuracy and (2) constructs a detailed simulation model of multiprogrammed virtual memory systems. The program behavior model is parameterized by measurements of real programs; it reflects the behavior of those programs at a very precise level. The system model is driven by a heterogeneous collection of program models that are typical of many computer systems. The thesis uses the model to make a direct comparison of the WS, CLOCK, and WSCLOCK policies. The study indicates that neither of the classes of memory management policies are inherently superior. Disregarding the time spent executing the algorithms themselves (i.e., operating system overhead) no significant differences in system performance could be detected. On a practical level, CLOCK has considerably less overhead than either WS or WSCLOCK and, thus, represents the best alternative.
The Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Kings of Mali

The three most important Arabic sources for the Empire of Mali at its height are Ibn Fadl-Allāh al-‘Umari, Ibn-Baṭṭüṭa, and Ibn-Khaldūn. These authors all had good opportunities to collect information on this remote empire. Al-‘Umarī, who wrote in 1342–9, reflects the impression that Mansä Müsā had left in Cairo during his pilgrimage. In all probability, he had not himself met Mansā Mūsā in person, but he had talked with people who had met the Sudanese emperor. One of his most important informants was ash-shaykh Abū-sa'īd ‘Uthmān ad-Dukkāli, who had lived in Mali for thirty-five years. Ibn-Baṭṭūṭa recorded his own tour through Mali from February 1352 to December 1353. This account by such an experienced traveller is a first-rate historical document. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa was travelling in a region that was well known to his own countrymen; indeed he met Moroccans all over the Sudan. He was, therefore, inhibited from exaggerating or introducing incredible stories of the sort that often occur in his accounts of remoter Countries.
Ecologie et intrt sylvicole de divers Sorbus en France

L'Alisier torminal n'est pas le seul Sorbus meritant d'etre reserve ou plante en foret . A divers degres, c'est aussi le cas du Cormier (Sorbus domestica), de l'Alisier blanc (Sorbus aria), du Sorbier des Oiseleurs (Sorbus aucuparia), de l'Alisier de Fontainebleau (Sorbus latifolia) et des hybrides d'Alisiers blanc et torminal (Sorbus x confusa) . De plus, les possibilites d'emploi de ces essences presentent d'interessantes complementarites. A l'origine, il nous est apparu interessant de reconsiderer les connaissances existantes sur les autres Sorbus a la lumiere des acquis de notre etude ecologique de l'Alisier torminal . II devait
Serum Level of IL-18 Pre-Endotoxin Shock Condition with a High Show Cutaneous Apoptosis and Skin-Specific Caspase-1-Transgenic Mice

To study the pathophysiological roles of overexpressed caspase-1 (CASP1), originally designated as IL-1 b -converting enzyme, we generated transgenic mice in which human CASP1 is overexpressed in their keratinocytes. The transgenic mice spontaneously developed recalcitrant dermatitis and skin ulcers, characterized by the presence of massive keratinocyte apoptosis. The skin of the mice contained the active form of human CASP1 and expressed mRNA for caspase-activated DNase, an effector endonuclease responsible for DNA fragmentation. Their skin and sera showed elevated levels of mature IL-18 and IL-1 b , but not of IFN- g . The plasma from these animals induced IFN- g production by IL-18-responsive NK cells. Administration of heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes , a potent in vivo type 1 cell inducer, caused IFN- g -mediated lethal liver injury in the transgenic mice, which was completely inhibited by treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-18 Ab. These results indicated that in vivo overexpression of CASP1 caused spontaneous apoptotic tissue injury and rendered mice highly susceptible to exogenous type 1 cell-inducing condition in collaboration with endogenously accumulated proinﬂammatory cytokines. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 997–1003.
How could object-oriented concepts and parallelism cohabit?

A lot of new languages and new concepts have been conceived in order to promote parallelism in the object-oriented framework. These proposals could be investigated using different concepts related to parallelism and object orientation. Among these concepts, we can find shared variables/message passing, inheritance/delegation, reflection. The degrees of a good cohabitation may be appreciated by combining the above concepts. In order to have significant criteria we have to determine how languages fit some requirements. These requirements should cover the different phases of programs development i.e. specification, design and implementation. To structure the discussion, we may focus on some formalisms and languages, in order to specify and to implement concurrent objects. The benefits of the different classes of these formalisms and languages should be discussed from a methodological point of view. The issues to be addressed in this context could include the following questions: what are the main characteristic design principles and methodologies of concurrent object-oriented programming? How could the current object-oriented methodologies handle concurrent and distributed objects? <<ETX>>
Stretch‐induced modulation of matrix metalloproteinases in mineralizing osteoblasts via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) produced by osteoblasts play an essential role in bone remodeling. Hence, these proteins could provide an interesting means by which mechanical loading leads to adaptation of bone. Here, we examined the effect of stretch on MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐8, ‐9, ‐13, and ‐14, as well as TIMP‐1 and ‐2 gene expression in differentiating, mineralizing, and nonmineralizing human SV‐40 immortalized preosteoblast cells. In the mineralizing osteoblast culture, but not in the nonmineralizing cultures, cyclic stretch for only 15 min resulted in an increase of MMP‐1 (fourfold) and ‐3 (depending on differentiation stage up to 25‐fold) transcript abundance. No clear effect was observed for other MMPs, TIMP‐1 or ‐2. The increase of MMP‐1 and ‐3 was confirmed on the protein level. Stretching experiments performed in the presence of a specific inhibitor of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) showed a strong suppression of the stretch‐induced increase in MMP‐1 and ‐3. In conclusion, we show that MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 are mechanosensitive genes in mineralizing the human osteoblast, and that the mechano‐induction of these genes is mediated via the ERK pathway. Our findings implicate that these MMPs are important factors in the mechanoregulation of bone turnover. With the ability to generate MMPs at highly stretched sites, osteoblasts can potantially direct osteoclasts to specific bone surface areas prepared for resorption. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1480–1488, 2006
Domain knowledge, search behaviour, and search effectiveness of engineering and science students: an exploratory study

Introduction. This study sought to answer three questions: 1) Would the level of domain knowledge significantly affect the user's search behaviour? 2) . Would the level of domain knowledge significantly affect search effectiveness, and 3) . What would be the relationship between search behaviour and search effectiveness? Method. Participants were asked to rate their familiarity with 200 thesaurus terms to measure their level of domain knowledge. They also searched on three assigned topics using the COMPENDEX database. Data were collected through preand post-search questionnaires, thesaurus term rating form, computer logs, and search session printouts. Analysis. Twenty-two engineering and science students' data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative analysis included both descriptive statistics and statistical testing, while the qualitative analysis was on the use of terms in queries. Results. As the level of domain knowledge increases, the user tends to do more searches and to use more terms in queries. However, the search effectiveness remained the same for all participants. Conclusion. The level of domain knowledge seems to have an effect on search behaviour, but not on search effectiveness, and search behaviour does not seem to be related to search effectiveness. The findings are limited by the small sample size and need to be confirmed in further studies.
A Bio-Inspired Cognitive Agent for Autonomous Urban Vehicles Routing Optimization

Autonomous urban vehicle prototypes are expected to be efficient even in not explicitly planned circumstances and dynamic environments. The development of autonomous vehicles for urban driving needs real-time information from vehicles and road network to optimize traffic flows. In traffic agent-based models, each vehicle is an agent, while the road network is the environment. Cognitive agents are able to reason on the perceived data, to evaluate the information obtained by reasoning, and to learn and respond, preserving their self-sufficiency, independency, self-determination, and self-reliance. In this paper, a bio-inspired cognitive agent for autonomous urban vehicles routing optimization is proposed. The use of selected bio-inspired analyzing techniques, which are commonly employed to investigate the topological and functional features of a metabolic network, allows the agent to analyze the structural aspects of a road network, find its extreme pathways and outline the balanced flow combinations. This approach optimizes traffic flows over network, minimizes road congestions, and maximizes the number of autonomous vehicles reaching their destination target. Agent behavior has been tested using data coming from Palermo urban road network, Italy, while the adopted bio-inspired analysis techniques have been compared with the A* literature algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach permits to find a better global routing optimization solution. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that metabolic mechanisms involved in a cell survival process have been used to design a congestion solution.
Bacterial phylogeny based on comparative sequence analysis (review)

Comparative sequence analysis of small subunit rRNA is currently one of the most important methods for the elucidation of bacterial phylogeny as well as bacterial identification. Phylogenetic investigations targeting alternative phylogenetic markers such as large subunit rRNA, elongation factors, and ATPases have shown that 16S rRNA‐based trees reflect the history of the corresponding organisms globally. However, in comparison with three to four billion years of evolution the phylogenetic information content of these markers is limited. Consequently, the limited resolution power of the marker molecules allows only a spot check of the evolutionary history of microorganisms. This is often indicated by locally different topologies of trees based on different markers, data sets or the application of different treeing approaches. Sequence peculiarities as well as methods and parameters for data analysis were studied with respect to their effects on the results of phylogenetic investigations. It is shown that only careful data analysis starting with a proper alignment, followed by the analysis of positional variability, rates and character of change, testing various data selections, applying alternative treeing methods and, finally, performing confidence tests, allows reasonable utilization of the limited phylogenetic information.
Smarter security in the smart grid

A new formulation for detection of false data injection attacks in the smart grid is introduced. The attack detection problem is posed as a statistical learning problem in which the observed measurements are classified as being either attacked or secure. The proposed approach provides an attack detection framework that surmounts over the constraints arising due to the sparse structure of the problem and implicitly exploits any available prior knowledge about the system. Specifically, three supervised learning algorithms are presented. These procedures operate by first observing the power system in order to construct a training dataset which is later used to detect the attacks in new observations. In order to assess the validity of the proposed techniques, the behavior of the proposed algorithms is examined on IEEE test systems.
Involvement of human ELAC2 gene product in 3' end processing of mitochondrial tRNAs

Accurate tRNA processing is crucial for human mitochondrial genome expression, but the mechanisms of mt-tRNA cleavage and the key enzymes involved in this process are poorly characterized. At least two activities are required for proper mt-tRNA maturation: RNase P cleaving precursor molecules at the 5' end and tRNase Z at the 3' end. In human mitochondria only RNase P has been identified so far. Using RT-PCR and northern blot analyses we found that silencing of the human ELAC2 gene results in impaired 3' end of mt-tRNAs. We demonstrate this for several mitochondrial tRNAs, encoded on both mtDNA strands, including tRNAVal, tRNALys, tRNAArg, tRNAGly, tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNAGlu. The silencing of the MRPP1 gene that encodes a subunit of mtRNase P resulted in inhibition of both 5' and 3' processing. We also demonstrate the double mitochondrial/nuclear localization of the ELAC2 protein using immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that ELAC2 functions as a tRNase Z in human mitochondria and suggest that mt-tRNase Z preferentially cleaves molecules already processed by the proteinaceous mtRNase P.
Diffusion weighted imaging of the prostate—principles, application, and advances

This review article aims to provide an overview on the principles of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and its applications in the imaging of the prostate. DW-MRI with regards to different applications for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and characterization, local staging as well as for active surveillance (AS) and tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) will be discussed. Furthermore, advances in DW-MRI techniques like diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) will be presented.
Isolation and characterization of a new Cytophaga species implicated in a work-related lung disease

A yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, gliding bacterium isolated from an industrial water spray air humidification system was implicated as a causative agent in several occurrences of lung disease with hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like symptoms. The bacterium, designated WF-164, lacked microcysts or fruiting bodies and had a DNA base composition of 34.8 mol% of guanine plus cytosine. Gliding, flexing, nonflagellated cells measuring 0.3 by 3.5 to 8.9 micron were observed by using light and electron microscopy. Tests to determine utilization of selected carbohydrates revealed an amylolitic, chitinoclastic, noncellulytic bacterium. A number of additional biochemical and physiological tests were performed. DNA homology studies detected a 77.8% similarity to Cytophaga aquatilis (ATCC 29551). Comparisons of cellular fatty acid and carbohydrate contents of isolate WF-164 with a Flexibacter sp. , several Cytophaga spp. , and Flavobacterium reference strains revealed similar patterns to that of C. aquatilis. On the basis of these characteristics, isolate WF-164 was identified as a new Cytophaga sp.
Experience repository based Particle Swarm Optimization for evolutionary robotics

In this paper, experience repository based Particle Swarm Optimization (ERPSO) is proposed for effectively applying Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to evolutionary robotics application. The ERPSO uses a concept experience repository to store previous position and fitness of particles to accelerate convergence speed of PSO. We applied the ERPSO to find parameter of gait of a quadruped robot that produces fast gait and ERPSO showed best performance among original PSO and PSO variants. ERPSO has fast convergence property which reduces the evaluation of fitness of parameters in a real environment.
Mesures et Caractérisation du Trafic dans le Réseau National Universitaire (RNU). (Measurements and Characterization of Traffic in the Tunisian National University Network)

This thesis focuses on measurement and characterization of traffic in Tunisian National University Network (RNU) with applications to traffic anomaly detection. For this, a passive measurement platform was deployed on RNU network and several traffic traces were collected, then these traces were analysed revealing traffic properties in RNU network with comparison to state of the art results. Thereafter, two anomaly detection approaches based on nonparametric algorithms and easy-tocollect data are proposed. The first one marks as anomaly each eccentric points in traffic volume time series using principal component analysis and Mahalanobis distance. Its validation against a previously labelled trace showed that it is effective against Denial of Service attacks and more generally high intensity anomalies. The second proposed approach tracks changes affecting scanning traffic distributions over the space spanned by IP addresses and TCP port numbers. Its evaluation against reel traffic traces and artificially modified ones showed that the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the joint distribution exposes both the presence of horizontal scans and vertical ones.
Multiferroic Properties of Hexagonal YbMnO$_{3}$ Thin Films

The hexagonal (HX) YbMnO<sub>3</sub> thin films were synthesized on the substrates of (111)Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:ZrO<sub>2</sub> and (111)Pt/(0001)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and their structural, magnetic, and electrical properties are measured. The temperature-dependent magnetization clearly displays an antiferromagnetic ordering near 80 K with field perpendicular to the film surface. In the curve of polarization-voltage, the HX-YbMnO<sub>3</sub> thin films show distinct ferroelectricity with the room-temperature remanent polarization and coercive field being 1.1 muC/cm<sup>2</sup> and 58 kV/cm, respectively. These results indicate that the HX-YbMnO<sub>3</sub> thin films are prominent candidates for the applications of multiferroic devices.
A 3D steady-state model of a tendon-driven continuum soft manipulator inspired by the octopus arm

Control and modelling of continuum robots are challenging tasks for robotic researchers. Most works on modelling are limited to piecewise constant curvature. In many cases they neglect to model the actuators or avoid a continuum approach. In particular, in the latter case this leads to a complex model hardly implemented. In this work, a geometrically exact steady-state model of a tendon-driven manipulator inspired by the octopus arm is presented. It takes a continuum approach, fast enough to be implemented in the control law, and includes a model of the actuation system. The model was experimentally validated and the results are reported. In conclusion, the model presented can be used as a tool for mechanical design of continuum tendon-driven manipulators, for planning control strategies or as internal model in an embedded system.
Thymidine Kinases in Archaea

Twenty-six fully sequenced archaeal genomes were searched for genes coding for putative deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs). We identified only 5 human-like thymidine kinase 1 genes (TK1s) and none for non-TK1 kinases. Four TK1s were identified in the Euryarchaea and one was found in the Crenarchaea, while none was found in Nanoarchaeum. The identified TK1s have high identity to Gram-positive bacteria TK1s. The TK1s from archaea, Gram-positive bacteria and eukaryotes share the same common ancestor, while the TK1s from Gram-negative bacteria belong to a less-related subgroup. It seems that a functional deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway is not crucial for the archaeal cell.
Developing Corpus of Japanese Classroom Lecture Speech Contents

This paper explains our developing Corpus of Japanese classroom Lecture speech Contents (henceforth, denoted as CJLC). Increasing e-Learning contents demand a sophisticated interactive browsing system for themselves, however, existing tools do not satisfy such a requirement. Many researches including large vocabulary continuous speech recognition and extraction of important sentences against lecture contents are necessary in order to realize the above system. CJLC is designed as their fundamental basis, and consists of speech, transcriptions, and slides that were collected in real university classroom lectures. This paper also explains the difference about disfluency acts between classroom lectures and academic presentations.
Collection ‐ Wide Extraction of Protein ‐ Protein Interactions

Evidence in support of relationships among biomedical entities, such as protein-protein interactions, can be gathered from a multiplicity of sources. The larger the pool of evidence, the more likely a given interaction can be considered to be. In the context of biomedical text mining, this elementary observation can be translated into an approach that seeks to find in the literature all available evidence for a given interaction, and thus provides a reliable means to assign it a likelihood score before delivering the results to an end user. In this paper we present the initial results of an on-going collaborative project between a major pharmaceutical company and an academic group with extensive expertise in biomedical text mining, with the goal of extracting protein-protein interactions from a large pool of supporting papers.