Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Linear-Equality-Constrained Least-Squares Estimation

We analyze the performance of a linear-equality-constrained least-squares (CLS) algorithm and its relaxed version, called rCLS, that is obtained via the method of weighting. The rCLS algorithm solves an unconstrained least-squares problem that is augmented by incorporating a weighted form of the linear constraints. As a result, unlike the CLS algorithm, the rCLS algorithm is amenable to our approach to performance analysis presented here, which is akin to the energy-conservation-based methodology. Therefore, we initially inspect the convergence properties and evaluate the precision of estimation as well as satisfaction of the constraints for the rCLS algorithm in both mean and mean-square senses. Afterwards, we examine the performance of the CLS algorithm by evaluating the limiting performance of the rCLS algorithm as the relaxation parameter (weight) approaches infinity. Numerical examples verify the accuracy of the theoretical findings.
A Cluster-Based Method to Detect and Correct Anomalies in Sensor Data of Embedded Systems

This paper presents a method to detect and correct anomalies in embedded systems. The proposed method consists of three phases: 1) Training, 2) Anomaly detection, and 3) Anomaly Correction. In the training phase, the method constructs different clusters so that each cluster has a number of similar members, similarity values of the members for a cluster to each others are not less than a predefined similarity threshold. The similarity values are calculated by various similarity functions. During detection phase, if an event in testing data does not belong to any cluster, an anomaly is detected. In correction phase, some similarity functions are used which select a suitable sequence that meets the required constrains to be a normal sequence. Evaluation of the proposed method has been done based on correction coverage and hardware overheads such as power consumption, area, and delay overhead. The window size of corrector and the number of injected anomalies varied between 3 and 5, 1 and 7, respectively. The results of experiments on 7000 benchmarks show that this correction method can correct 70.36% of anomalies on the average. Power consumption, area, and delay overhead in cluster-based method are on average 318. 47μw, 2. 98μm2, and 0.09 ns, respectively.
Visual Servoing Sequencing Able to Avoid Obstacles

Classical visual servoing approaches tend to constrain all degrees of freedom (DOF) of the robot during the execution of a task. In this article a new approach is proposed. The key idea is to control the robot with a very under-constrained task when it is far from the desired position, and to incrementally constrain the global task by adding further tasks as the robot moves closer to the goal. As long as they are sufficient, the remaining DOF are used to avoid undesirable configurations, such as joint limits. Closer from the goal, when not enough DOF remain available for avoidance, an execution controller selects a task to be temporary removed from the applied tasks. The released DOF can then be used for the joint limits avoidance. A complete solution to implement this general idea is proposed. Experiments that prove the validity of the approach are also provided.
A New Model of Chronic Colitis in SCID Mice Induced by Adoptive Transfer of CD62L+ CD4+ T Cells: Insights into the Regulatory Role of Interleukin-6 on Apoptosis

Objective: The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is involved in various chronic inflammatory processes. IL-6 is a predominant cytokine produced by lamina propria T cells in Crohn’s disease and experimental colitis. This study was designed to examine the effect of a neutralizing IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) antibody on the programmed cell death of mucosal T cells in the CD62L+ CD4+ SCID transfer model of chronic experimental colitis in mice and to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of this transfer colitis model. Methods: For adoptive transfer, we isolated CD62L+ CD4+ double-positive T cells from wild-type BALB/c mice followed by intraperitoneal application of 1 million cells in CB17 SCID mice. The purity of the transferred T-cell population was tested by FACS analysis. Cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to detect phospho-STAT-3 in protein extracts of splenic cells. Cryo- and paraffin colon cross-sections were used to perform immunochemical or fluorescence TUNEL stainings. Results: We isolated CD62L+ CD4+ and CD62L– CD4+ T cells. In vitro studies showed an increased production of IL-4 by CD62L– CD4+ T cells compared to CD62L+ T cells. 8–10 weeks after transfer of CD62L+ CD4+ T cells in SCID mice, reconstituted mice developed wasting disease, anal prolapse and diarrhea, whereas mice reconstituted with CD62L– CD4+ did not, similar to anti-IL-6R-treated CD62L+ CD4+-reconstituted SCID mice. Anti-IL-6R-treated reconstituted SCID mice showed decreased levels of activated STAT-3. The previously described efficacy of anti-IL-6R antibody treatment on colitis activity appeared to be due to the induction of apoptosis, as many TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the lamina propria. Conclusions: These results suggest that the activation of the IL-6/STAT-3-signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CD62L+ CD4+ transfer colitis. Moreover, the application of a neutralizing antibody to IL-6R induces apoptosis in transferred T cells. These data implicate the importance of anti-apoptotic pathways in chronic disease and might contribute to future therapies.
Anomaly detection in crowds assisted by scene perspective projection correction

In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on compensating for the perspective projection effect for anomaly detection in crowds. Video frames obtained by a camera have a common rule of perspective projection effect. The law of perspective projection makes anomaly detection a challenge task because of no consistency in each video frame. For the sake of overcoming the drawback caused by perspective projection, we innovatively design an approach based on compensating for images under perspective projection to eliminate the influence of perspective projection. Then a space Markov Random Field (MRF) is modeled to build normal behavior patterns considering both single node behavior and the correlation of adjacent nodes. An energy function is formulated as the evaluation criterion to detect anomaly. Experiments prove that our approach can detect abnormal events effectively and robustly.
Cemented primary total arthroplasty for acetabular protrusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND The degenerative changes in hip joints observed in patients RA are associated with acetabular bone deficiencies. Therefore total hip arthroplasty performed in such patients requires bone grafting to restore the deficiencies. The aim of the study was to assess the long term-term results of primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with RA including an assessment of the usefulness of auto-and allograft in restoring bone deficiencies in acetabular protrusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1991 to 2001 a total of 156? [w tekście jest mowa o 158] patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the hip joint underwent a primary total arthroplasty of the hip joint with acetabular protrusion. The reconstruction of the acetabular bone was achieved by morsellized impaction auto-and allografting. Group I included 26 patients who received autografts and Group II consisted of 10 patients who received allografts. The mean follow-up was 5 years. The hip joint performance was assessed according to the following scales: WOMAC, HHS, and Merle-d'Aubigne-Postel. Graft incorporation was graded according to the Avci criteria. RESULTS The study revealed that auto-and allografting provides good long-term results. Graft incorporation was reported after 26 months. The radiographs showed porotic bone in grafts in one of the patients; however, there were no signs of loosening in the prosthetic acetabulum. CONCLUSION Restoration of bone deficiencies in the medial part of the acetabulum in patients with RA by bone grafting is a biological way of reconstruction of the bone and facilitates stable fixation of a polyethylene acetabulum.
Murakami-Kasahara ID-based Key Sharing Scheme Revisited - In Comparison with Maurer-Yacobi Schemes -

In Sept. 1990, the present authors firstly discussed DLP over composite number and presented an ID-based Key Sharing Scheme referred to as MK1. In 1991, Maurer and Yacobi presented a scheme, referred to as MY, which is similar to our scheme, MK1. Unfortunately the schemes MK1 and MY are not secure. In Dec. 1990, the present authors presented a secure ID-based key sharing scheme referred to as MK2. With a rapid progress of computer power for the last 15 years, our proposed scheme would have more chance to be applied practically. Regrettably, it has not been widely known that (i) the schemes MY and MK1 are not secure, (ii) there exists a secure scheme, MK2. In this paper, we shall review MK2 and clarify the difference between MK2 and other schemes from the standpoint of security.
Cellulose‐Nanocomposites: Towards High Performance Composite Materials

Summary: Strong cellulose fibres, e.g. flax and hemp, are increasingly used for composites. Despite substantial advantages, the tensile strength of these fibres is limited due to their complex structure and the unavoidable imperfections of the cell wall, inherent from growth or induced by processing. Essential improvements are possible by using highly crystalline cellulose fibrils (“whiskers”) which can be isolated from the cell wall, thus eliminating the influence of adhesion and defects. Instead of complete fibrillation, which demands special time consuming processing, a partly fibrillation has been achieved by adapted textile finishing procedures which have the potential for mass production. By combining chemical and mechanical/hydro-mechanical treatments it is possible to produce finest fibrils with diameters from below 1 µm down to the nanometer range. The problem of fibril agglomeration during drying has been avoided by forming homogenous fibrous sheets in a wet-laid non-woven process. These sheets can be impregnated with thermosetting resins. Alternatively thermoplastic polymers can be directly integrated to form hybrid materials ready for moulding. The resulting composites show greatly enhanced mechanical properties.
RF-OPT: A Range-Free Online Person Tracking System

In this paper, we present an indoor localization scheme which is built for location-based services for context-aware applications in health-care. We set forth from our earlier work on localization using RSSI which employs range-based estimation algorithm. To circumvent the unreliability of RSSI, we explored a weighted range-free estimation algorithm. The results show that range-free estimation provides an adequate accuracy and at the same time alleviates the laborious offline measurements required by the popular range-based algorithms. We discuss some features, experiences and preliminary measurements here. The ideas presented in this paper are expected to open up the multitude of further work in the field of localization
A Brief Review of Biomedical Shape Memory Alloys by Powder Metallurgy

In the realm of bioimplantation, titanium-based Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) exhibit phenomenal versatility, with successful application in diverse fields. One area of particular interest is that of orthopaedics, where the unique properties of SMAs offer a range of benefits. That said, existing alloys still have unresolved issues concerning biocompatibility and osseointegration. Primary concerns include carcinogenicity, allergenicity and a significant mismatch between the Young’s moduli of bone and osteoimplants; issues that could be addressed via a novel porous titanium alloy. With that in mind, this paper seeks to provide a review identifying promising candidates for new, perfectly biocompatible alloys for production via powder metallurgy. Furthermore, an attempt will also be made to summarise existing research into appropriate methods for the production of a porous Ti-based SMA implant.
Structural modification of graphene by ion irradiation studied with molecular dynamics simulations

Graphene is a two-dimensional one-atomic-layer-thick material, which existence was predicted theoretically already in the 40’s. Only in 2004 the first reported samples were obtained. After that, the properties of graphene have proved to be extreme in many ways. To name a few, it is one of the mechanically strongest materials known, one square meter of it weights less than one milligram, it prevents even the smallest gas particles from penetrating it and it has very high electronic conductivity. For a material to be suitable for specific applications in industry, the intrinsic form of it does not always cut for what is demanded by the application. One should be able to modify the structure and the properties of the material to fit the purpose in hand. Because graphene is a 2D material, the used method has to be precise enough to tune the structure one atom at a time. Irradiation with energetic particles fits this purpose and it has been used by the industry for e.g. shaping bulk materials to create thin films. The novelty is, that it has not been used in such a precision as demanded by nanoscale materials. Studying the irradiation response of graphene provides further understanding of the prospects of this material for device applications. This thesis discusses modification of graphene via energetic particle bombardment in detail. Taking different aspects provides a vast understanding of the dynamics of defect production in graphene. The studied systems vary from freestanding graphene to metal supported membrane. The effect of the irradiation changes by the type and energy of the ion. Atomistic simulations provide the needed theoretical tool for modeling the atomic scale behavior of the system during the irradiation process. This type of detailed information on the system dynamics would be impossible to achieve with existing experimental tools. Parts of the presented work is done in collaboration with experimental groups. These collaborations are an important part of the studies as the simulations aim to provide information on real systems. By choosing the right energy for the bombarding ion, the defect types can be predicted and chosen to fit the purpose of the experiment. At the low energy regime up to hundreds of keV’s, the interaction between the ion and the lattice atoms is controlled by the ionic collisions. This suggests that the produced defects are small, consisting of only few atoms that take part in the actual atomic collision.
Cograph Recognition Algorithm Revisited and Online Induced P 4 Search

In 1985, Corneil, Perl and Stewart CPS85] gave a linear incremental algorithm to recognize cographs (graphs with no induced P4). When this algorithm stops, either the initial graph is a cograph and the cotree of the whole graph has been built, or the initial graph is not a cograph and this algorithm ends up with a vertex v and a cotree cot such that v cannot be inserted in cot; so the input graph must contain a P4. In many applications such as graph decomposition Cou93, CH93a, CH93b, CH94, EGMS94, Spi92, MS94], transitive orientation Spi83, ST94], not only the existence but a P4 is also explicitly needed. In this paper, we present a new characterization of cograph in terms of its modular structure. This characterization yields a structural labeling of the cotree for incremental cograph recognition, and we show how to go from this labeling to the Corneil et al. one's. Furthermore, we show how to adapt this algorithm in order to produce a P4 in case of failure when adding a new vertex v, in O(jN(v)j) time complexity.
Effect of Anterior Chamber Depth on the Choice of Intraocular Lens Calculation Formula in Patients with Normal Axial Length

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff II (SRK II) and 3rd and 4th generation intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and to compare the effect of different anterior chamber depths among the IOL formulas in cataract patients with normal axial length (AL; 22.0-24.5 millimeters, mm). Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with normal AL who underwent cataract surgery. The SRK II and 3rd generation IOL formulas (Hoffer Q, SRK T, Holladay 1) were compared to the 4th generation Haigis formula. For analysis, preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) was divided into three subgroups: ≤3, 3-3.5, and ≥ 3.5 mm. The mean error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) of each formula was compared for each subgroup against the total. The difference between the ME and MAE of the formulas were compared for each ACD subgroup. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study sample was comprised of 309 eyes. The MAE were 0.56 D, 0.52 D, 0.51 D, 0.50 D, and 0.50 D with Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK T, Holladay 1, and SRK II formulas, respectively. The Haigis formula was a significantly weaker predictor than the SRK T (P < 0.001) and Holladay 1 (P = 0.035) formulas. The ME with Haigis formula was -0.23 D which changed to -0.06 D with ACD ≥ 3.5 mm (P = 0.002). The ME was -0.24 D with SRK II and changed to -0.09D with ACD ≤ 3 mm (P = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between Hoffer Q, SRK T, and Holladay formulas 1 in ACD subgroups (P > 0.05, all comparisons). Conclusion: The SRK II formula can predict refraction in patients with normal AL and ACD less than 3 mm with less error and is preferred over other formulas. The Haigis formula is the preferred choice in patients with a normal AL and ACD longer than 3.5 mm. The prediction accuracy of Hoffer Q, SRK T, and Holladay 1 is comparable in normal AL.
General control-theoretical framework for online resource allocation in computing systems

System-theoretical methods are already used for the control of computing systems, but much more can be done exploiting said methods for their design. This requires to express in control-theoretical terms desires and specifications that originate in the computer science do- main, which may not be immediate. It also requires to accept that part of the addressed system be modified, which may pose some acceptance problems. However, if those issues are handled correctly, the payback is often very relevant. This paper demonstrates the above ideas in the context of resource allocation.
Methane generation from high-strength industrial wastes with the anaerobic biological fluidized bed

The anaerobic biological fluidized-bed process has been shown to be effective for the simultaneous generation of methane gas and stabilization of high-strength wastewaters. Presented is a compendium of pilot-scale testing on a variety of wastes including dairy, chemical, food processing, soft drink bottling, and heat treatment liquors. Results demonstrate that, in most cases, greater than 80% biological oxygen demand (BOD/sub 5/) reduction can be attained at organic loading rates of 16 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m/sup 3//day or higher. The effect of organic loading for each class of waste is presented. The excellent compatibility of the biological fluidized-bed reactor concept with anaerobic treatment is due to many factors, the foremost being that fluidization of small-grained media results in extremely large surface areas for biological colonization (on the order of 300 m/sup 2//m/sup 3/) and consequently high biomass concentrations (8000 to 40,000 mg volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L). Because of this, long sludge retention times may be maintained at relatively short hydraulic residence times. The system is a net energy producer in most cases and normally shows a payback on the initial capital expenditure in less than five years.
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-MET signaling in neural crest-derived melanocyte development.

The mechanisms governing development of neural crest-derived melanocytes, and how alterations in these pathways lead to hypopigmentation disorders, are not completely understood. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) signaling through the tyrosine-kinase receptor, MET, is capable of promoting the proliferation, increasing the motility, and maintaining high tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis of melanocytes in vitro. In addition, transgenic mice that ubiquitously overexpress HGF/SF demonstrate hyperpigmentation in the skin and leptomenigenes and develop melanomas. To investigate whether HGF/ SF-MET signaling is involved in the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes, transgenic embryos, ubiquitously overexpressing HGF/SF, were analyzed. In HGF/SF transgenic embryos, the distribution of melanoblasts along the characteristic migratory pathway was not affected. However, additional ectopically localized melanoblasts were also observed in the dorsal root ganglia and neural tube, as early as 11.5 days post coitus (p.c.). We utilized an in vitro neural crest culture assay to further explore the role of HGF/SF-MET signaling in neural crest development. HGF/SF added to neural crest cultures increased melanoblast number, permitted differentiation into pigmented melanocytes, promoted melanoblast survival, and could replace mast-cell growth factor/Steel factor (MGF) in explant cultures. To examine whether HGF/SF-MET signaling is required for the proper development of melanocytes, embryos with a targeted Met null mutation (Met-/-) were analysed. In Met-/- embryos, melanoblast number and location were not overtly affected up to 14 days p.c. These results demonstrate that HGF/SF-MET signaling influences, but is not required for, the initial development of neural crest-derived melanocytes in vivo and in vitro.
Probablistic Clustering based on Web Documents An Hybrid Chaotic Approach

Web search engine are often forced to pass through long ordered list of documents called snippets. Snippets are web document attributes. These snippets are returned by search engines. The basis of document clustering is an alternative method of organizing retrieval results. Clustering yet needed to be deployed for the search engines. The approach adopted is formulation, simulation; formulation refers to the decomposition of different page rank values. Improved data clustering kmeans algorithm performs better results. Purpose of adopted web mining approach is to preserve web page conceptually similar, in page rank, link structure mining and probabilistic hybrid approach. Final goal is to eliminate the problem of increasing accuracy also with speed. As a result search engine gain popularity with incorporation of web mining. Proposed method ought to produce desired quality of clusters with probabilistic hybrid approach. Most users are unwilling to wait while accurate results are required at user’s end with probabilistic approach. Proposed model should be incorporated with the search engines to gain optimized results in terms of
Series-connected T-type Inverters for single-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic Energy System

This paper presents a new small-scale single-phase photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system. The topology is based on the series connection of two three-level T-type converters, which form a 5-level converter with two independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) string connections. The topology merges benefits of string and multi-string PV configurations. The operating principle, the switching states, modulation scheme and control method are addressed in the paper. Simulation results are presented under dynamic conditions and different operating points for the two PV strings, to provide a preliminary validation of the topology and its performance.