Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Short Noncontractible Cycles in Embedded Graphs

This paper contains a proof that every triangulation of an orientable surface of genus $g > 1$ with n vertices contains a noncontractible cycle of length $O( \sqrt{n/g} \log g )$. These bounds are tighter than those previously known, but are not the conjectured optimal. These results and techniques are related to “planarizing” problems in which a small set of vertices is sought whose removal leaves a planar graph and to “separator” problems in which a small set of vertices is sought whose removal leaves a graph with all components small.
Low-complexity detectors for High-rate Spatial Modulation

A High-rate Spatial Modulation (HR-SM) scheme, whose maximum spectral efficiency is in proportional to the number of transmit antennas nT, was proposed in [1]. However, the complexity of its maximum likelihood detector grows exponentially with nT, making it impractical as nT increases. Based on the codeword structure of the HR-SM scheme and on the conventional successive-interference-cancellation (SIC) detectors, this paper proposes low-complexity suboptimal detectors for the HR-SM scheme. These detectors can feasibly be utilized in the HR-SM scheme with large number of transmit antennas and high-order QAM/PSK modulations. In addition, simulation results and complexity analysis are presented to verify performances and complexities of the proposed decoders.
Funding Liquidity and Its Risk Premium

This paper presents a new approach to measure funding liquidity. The key idea is that, as borrowing constraints become more binding, speculators first withdraw from small stocks and then from large stocks since large stocks require lower margins. Given the speculators' role in liquidity provision, the asset liquidity of large and small stocks would covary differently with shocks to speculators' capital depending on their participation in the markets. Based on the intuition, funding liquidity is measured as the difference of rolling correlations of stock market returns with large and small stocks' asset liquidity. The estimated funding liquidity appears to be highly correlated with aggregate hedge fund leverage ratios, broker-dealers' asset growth rates, bond liquidity premia and the percentage of loan officers tightening credit standards. Funding liquidity can also predict GDP growth rates and aggregate stock market returns with strong significance in both in-sample and out-of-sample tests. It is also robust to various equity premium predictors, subsample periods, and long-horizon forecast bias.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Activities on Anxiety and Motivation in Multilevel Adult Classes

Bu calismanin amaci Isbirlikli Ogrenme etkinliklerinin coklu seviyeli yetiskin siniflarinda ogrencilerin gudu ve kaygi duzeyleri uzerinde bir etkisi olup olmadigini arastirmaktir. Arastirmada kontrol gruplu on-test son-test deney deseni kullanilmistir. 12 kisiden olusan deney grubunda sekiz hafta boyunca birlestirme ve takim odulu teknikleri ile ogretim yapilirken yine 12 kisiden olusan kontrol grubunda geleneksel yontemle ders islenmistir. Katilimcilar 2005 ve 2006’da Usak Halk Egitim Merkezi tarafindan duzenlenen genel Ingilizce kurlarina devam eden ogrencilerdir. Veriler FLCAS (Yabanci Dil Sinifi Kaygi Olcegi) ve FLMQ ( Yabanci Dil Gudusu Anketi) ile toplanmistir. Veriler ortalama karsilastirmasi, Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon Signed Rank testi kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari her iki degiskenin de olumlu bir egilim icinde olmasina ragmen Isbirlikli Ogrenme etkinliklerinin coklu seviyeli yetiskin siniflarinda gudu ve kaygi uzerinde belirgin bir etkisi olmadigini gostermistir.
Pattern separation of emotional information in hippocampal dentate and CA3

Emotional arousal, mediated by the amygdala, is known to modulate episodic memories stored by the hippocampus, a region involved in pattern separation (the process by which similar representations are independently stored). While emotional modulation and pattern separation have been examined independently, this study attempts to link the two areas of research to propose an alternative account for how emotion modulates episodic memory. We used an emotional discrimination task designed to tax pattern separation of emotional information by concurrently varying emotional valence and similarity of stimuli. To examine emotional modulation of memory at the level of hippocampal subfields, we used high‐resolution fMRI (1.5 mm isotropic) of the medial temporal lobe. Consistent with prior reports, we observed engagement of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 during accurate discrimination of highly similar items (behavioral correlate of pattern separation). Furthermore, we observed an emotional modulation of this signal (negative > neutral) specific to trials on which participants accurately discriminated similar emotional items. The amygdala was also modulated by emotion, regardless of the accuracy of discrimination. Additionally, we found aberrant amygdala‐hippocampal network activity in a sample of adults with depressive symptoms. In this sample, amygdala activation was enhanced and DG/CA3 activation was diminished during emotional discrimination compared to those without depressive symptoms. Depressive symptom severity was also negatively correlated with DG/CA3 activity. This study suggests a novel mechanistic account for how emotional information is processed by hippocampal subfields as well as how this network may be altered in mood disorders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Information Overload on the Innovation Choice Process

Information Overload is a subject of immense debate among consumer marketeers; can too much information overload a consumer and cause adverse judgmental decision making? What defense mechanisms do consumers have to control against the flow of information? In a similar vein exists a lesser known and little researched phenomenon called Innovation Overload, a consumer′s response to the ever‐increasing pace of information, knowledge and innovations. Examines Innovation Overload, its impact to providers, inventors and innovators and the potential effect it may have on diffusion curves and adoption patterns.
Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy and brief supportive psychotherapy for augmentation of antidepressant nonresponse in chronic depression: the REVAMP Trial.

CONTEXT Previous studies have found that few chronically depressed patients remit with antidepressant medications alone. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of adjunctive psychotherapy in the treatment of chronically depressed patients with less than complete response to an initial medication trial. DESIGN This trial compared 12 weeks of (1) continued pharmacotherapy and augmentation with cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), (2) continued pharmacotherapy and augmentation with brief supportive psychotherapy (BSP), and (3) continued optimized pharmacotherapy (MEDS) alone. We hypothesized that adding CBASP would produce higher rates of response and remission than adding BSP or continuing MEDS alone. SETTING Eight academic sites. PARTICIPANTS Chronically depressed patients with a current DSM-IV-defined major depressive episode and persistent depressive symptoms for more than 2 years. INTERVENTIONS Phase 1 consisted of open-label, algorithm-guided treatment for 12 weeks based on a history of antidepressant response. Patients not achieving remission received next-step pharmacotherapy options with or without adjunctive psychotherapy (phase 2). Individuals undergoing psychotherapy were randomized to receive either CBASP or BSP stratified by phase 1 response, ie, as nonresponders (NRs) or partial responders (PRs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportions of remitters, PRs, and NRs and change on Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores. RESULTS In all, 808 participants entered phase 1, of which 491 were classified as NRs or PRs and entered phase 2 (200 received CBASP and MEDS, 195 received BSP and MEDS, and 96 received MEDS only). Mean HAM-D scores dropped from 25.9 to 17.7 in NRs and from 15.2 to 9.9 in PRs. No statistically significant differences emerged among the 3 treatment groups in the proportions of phase 2 remission (15.0%), partial response (22.5%), and nonresponse (62.5%) or in changes on HAM-D scores. CONCLUSIONS Although 37.5% of the participants experienced partial response or remitted in phase 2, neither form of adjunctive psychotherapy significantly improved outcomes over that of a flexible, individualized pharmacotherapy regimen alone. A longitudinal assessment of later-emerging benefits is ongoing.
Multidetector CT (MD-CT) in the diagnosis of uncertain open globe injuries.

PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of multislice CT for the diagnosis of uncertain penetrating globe injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on a retrospective chart review between 2002 and 2007, we identified 59 patients presenting with severe ocular trauma with uncertain rupture of the globe due to massive subconjunctival and/or anterior chamber hemorrhage. The IOP (intraocular pressure) was within normal range in all patients. High resolution multidetector CT (MD-CT) scans (16 slice scans) with axial and coronar reconstructions were performed in all patients. The affected eye was examined for signs of penetrating injury such as abnormal eye shape, scleral irregularities, lens dislocation or intravitreal hemorrhages. Four experienced radiologists read the CT scans independently. Beside the diagnosis, the relevant morphological criteria and the optimal plane orientation (axial or coronar) were specified. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value were calculated. Additionally the interobserver variability was determined by applying the Cohen's kappa test. Surgical sclera inspections were performed in all cases as a standard of reference. The evaluations of the CT examination were compared with the surgery reports. RESULTS 59 patients were evaluated (42 men, 17 women). The mean age was 29 years (range 7 - 91). In 17 patients a rupture of the globe was diagnosed during surgery. 12 of these 17 penetrating injuries (70.6 %) were classified correctly by MDCT, 5 of the 17 (29.4 %) were not detectable. 42 patients did not have an open globe injury. 41 of these patients were diagnosed correctly negative by MDCT, and one patient was classified false positive. This results in a sensitivity of 70 % with a specificity of 98 %. There was high inter-rater agreement with kappa values between 0.89 - 0.96. Most discrepancies were caused by wrong negative findings. The most frequent morphologic criteria for open globe injury were the deformation (n = 10) and the volume reduction (n = 7) of the globe. These changes were most certain and visible in the axial orientation. CONCLUSION In about one third of all unclear cases with rupture of the globe due to severe trauma, CT evaluation failed to correctly diagnose the open globe injury, which might lead to a delay in necessary surgical intervention. Thus, surgical sclera inspection is always mandatory in such unclear trauma cases regardless of the MD-CT results.
Control of complex motor gestures: orofacial muscle responses to load perturbations of lip during speech.

The contribution of ascending afferents to the control of speech movement was evaluated by applying unanticipated loads to the lower lip during the generation of combined upper lip-lower lip speech gestures. To eliminate potential contamination due to anticipation or adaptation, loads were applied randomly on only 10-15% of the trials. Physical characteristics of the perturbations were within the normal range of forces and movements involved in natural lip actions for speech. Compensatory responses in multiple facial muscles and lip movements were observed the first time a load was introduced, and achievement of the multimovement speech goals was never disrupted by these perturbations. Muscle responses were seen in the lower lip muscles, implicating corrective, feedback processes. Additionally, compensatory responses to these lower lip loads were also observed in the independently controlled muscles of the upper lip, reflecting the parallel operation of open-loop, sensorimotor mechanisms. Compensatory responses from both the upper and lower lip muscles were observed with small (1 mm) as well as large (15 mm) perturbations. The latencies of these compensatory responses were not discernible by conventional ensemble averaging. Moreover, responses at latencies of lower brain stem-mediated reflexes (i.e., 10-18 ms) were not apparent with inspection of individual records. Response latencies were determined on individual loaded trials through the use of a computer algorithm that took into account the variability of electromyograms (EMG) among the control trials. These latency measures confirmed the absence of brain stem-mediated responses and yielded response latencies that ranged from 22 to 75 ms. Response latencies appeared to be influenced by the time relation between load onset and the initiation of muscle activation. Examination of muscle activity changes for individual loaded trials revealed complementary variations in the magnitude of responses among multiple muscles contributing to a movement compensation. These observations may have implications for limb movement control if multimovement speech gestures are considered analogous to a limb action requiring coordinated movements around multiple joints. In this context, these speech motor control data might be interpreted to suggest that for complex movements, both corrective feedback and open-loop predictive processes are operating, with the latter involved in the control of coordination among multiple movement subcomponents.
Robust chemical preservation of digital information on DNA in silica with error-correcting codes.

Information, such as text printed on paper or images projected onto microfilm, can survive for over 500 years. However, the storage of digital information for time frames exceeding 50 years is challenging. Here we show that digital information can be stored on DNA and recovered without errors for considerably longer time frames. To allow for the perfect recovery of the information, we encapsulate the DNA in an inorganic matrix, and employ error-correcting codes to correct storage-related errors. Specifically, we translated 83 kB of information to 4991 DNA segments, each 158 nucleotides long, which were encapsulated in silica. Accelerated aging experiments were performed to measure DNA decay kinetics, which show that data can be archived on DNA for millennia under a wide range of conditions. The original information could be recovered error free, even after treating the DNA in silica at 70 °C for one week. This is thermally equivalent to storing information on DNA in central Europe for 2000 years.
The assessment of motor impairment in children with moderate learning difficulties.

Summary. Two tests of motor behaviour examined the performance of 8-and 12-year-old children with moderate learning difficulties. On the Test of Motor Impairment 50 per cent of 8-year-olds and 29 per cent of 12-year-olds had motor problems as compared to 5 per cent in a normal population. One third of 8-year-olds and one fifth of 12-year-olds were performing at least two years below their age level. The Test of Kinaesthetic Sensitivity assessed the kinaesthetic abilities of children, possibly offering explanations for the children's poor performance. On the Kinaesthetic Acuity test only seven out of 61 children reached the mean level score from the normative data, while on the Kinaesthetic Memory test 18 reached this level. There was a variable relationship between the two tests. The children who failed the Test of Motor Impairment did have poorer scores on both parts of the Test of Kinaesthetic Sensitivity, but the difference between these and the scores of the children who passed was not great enough to be predictive.
Effects of nucleotides, hormones, ions, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferon on 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol production in isolated chick renal tubules.

1. The production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) from tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) was assessed in renal tubules prepared from vitamin D-deficient chicks. 2. Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP enhanced the production of 1,25-DHCC. 3. Bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH) and its synthetic analogue either had no effect or inhibited the production of 1,25-DHCC when calcium was present in the extracellular medium, but enhanced the conversion when calcium was absent. BPTH increased adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP content of the renal tubule cells. 4. Synthetic salmon calcitonin enhanced the production of 1,25-DHCC, whereas human calcitonin had no effect at the concentrations tested. Salmon calcitonin did not increase chick renal adenylate cyclase activity or cyclic AMP levels. 5. A short period of incubation in media containing strontium gluconate (5 mmol/l) significantly increased production of 1,25-DHCC, whereas no effect was seen after more prolonged exposure to strontium. Calcium depletion decreased production of 1,25-DHCC, but when some calcium was present, variation in extracellular concentration of calcium did not affect conversion. Variation in extracellular phosphate concentration did not affect conversion. 6. A small quantity of 1,25-DHCC added to the medium inhibited the conversion of 25-HCC into 1,25-DHCC. 7. The production of 1,25-DHCC is subject to complex control, and intracellular concentrations of calcium, cyclic AMP and 1,25-DHCC may all be important regulatory influences.
Structural insights into Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA interaction with β1 integrin

Infection with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Pathogenic strains of H. pylori carry a type IV secretion system (T4SS) responsible for the injection of the oncoprotein CagA into host cells. H. pylori and its cag-T4SS exploit α5β1 integrin as a receptor for CagA translocation. Injected CagA localizes to the inner leaflet of the host cell membrane, where it hijacks host cell signaling and induces cytoskeleton reorganization. Here we describe the crystal structure of the N-terminal ∼100-kDa subdomain of CagA at 3.6 Å that unveils a unique combination of folds. The core domain of the protein consists of an extended single-layer β-sheet stabilized by two independent helical subdomains. The core is followed by a long helix that forms a four-helix helical bundle with the C-terminal domain. Mapping of conserved regions in a set of CagA sequences identified four conserved surface-exposed patches (CSP1–4), which represent putative hot-spots for protein–protein interactions. The proximal part of the single-layer β-sheet, covering CSP4, is involved in specific binding of CagA to the β1 integrin, as determined by yeast two-hybrid and in vivo competition assays in H. pylori cell-culture infection studies. These data provide a structural basis for the first step of CagA internalization into host cells and suggest that CagA uses a previously undescribed mechanism to bind β1 integrin to mediate its own translocation.
Characterizing the City Center Retail Environment of Hanoi, Vietnam Based on Consumer Shop-around Behaviors (黒柳達夫教授追悼号)

Hanoi is one of old big capital cities in East Asia and the largest economic and political center in Vietnam. The city center commercial district (CCCD) of Hanoi is located in its old inner quarter. The district formed long time ago is composed of many distinct shopping streets, each of which, in turn, consists of a lot of retail shops specialized as selling the same featured class of commodities. The district also contains traditional markets. While the district gradually has attracted new shop categories such as supermarkets and GMS (general merchandise stores), it still is characterized by a cluster of these distinct shopping streets and traditional markets. The motivation behind this paper is to answer the problem of why and how these characteristics of the CCCD have been developed. We try to tackle this problem from the viewpoint of consumer Characterizing the City Center Retail Environment of Hanoi, Vietnam Based on Consumer Shop-around Behaviors† Tran Ngoc Huy, Saburo Saito, Kosuke Yamashiro, Mamoru Imanishi, Masakuni Iwami, Yasufumi Igarashi and Masakuni Kakoi †The original version of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Section of RSAI, Hiroshima University, October 10‐12, 2009. * Graduate School at Fukuoka University ** Fukuoka University of Quantitative Behavioral Informatics for City and Space Economy (FQBIC) ; Faculty of Economics, Fukuoka University ***Fukuoka University of Quantitative Behavioral Informatics for City and Space Economy (FQBIC) -213-
Emittance growth of high-energy electrons produced from the laser wakefield acceleration

When a laser wake field passes a sharp downward plasma density transition, a significant amount of plasma electrons are trapped and accelerated to relativistic high energies over a distance of the plasma wavelength. Phase space area of the plasma electrons remains constant during acceleration in the ion channel, but it was found that the phase space area, which is related with emittance, increases rapidly by the nonlinear space-charge field when the electron beam moves out of the plasma. As a result, the emittance of the accelerated electron beam grows severely during propagation in free space, and ultimately this limits the beam intensity. The emittance growth problem is investigated with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, and several methods are suggested to suppress such a rapid emittance growth.
Survival Outcome of Local Excision versus Radical Resection of Colon or Rectal Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Population-Based Study

Objective: To compare cancer-specific results of local excision with major resection. Background: Technological advances have enabled endoscopic and local excision techniques to be applied in the treatment of early colorectal cancer in preference to radical surgery. Method: Patients with stage 0 (carcinoma in situ) or stage I (T1/2N0M0) adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum undergoing surgery between 1998 and 2009 were included from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. Local excision (endoscopic or surgical) was compared with major surgical resection using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results: This study included 7378 local excisions and 36,116 major resections. There were 3553 patients with carcinoma in situ and 39,941 with clinical stage I cancer. Local tumor excision for carcinoma in situ was associated with equivalent CSS compared to major resection (HRs = 1.06, P = 0.814, for colon and 0.78, P = 0.494, for rectum). Local excision of T1 and T2 colon cancer was associated with reduced CSS (HR = 1.31, P = 0.020, and 2.89, P < 0.001, respectively). Local excision of T1 rectal cancer did not affect CSS (HR = 1.16, P = 0.236), but it significantly reduced CSS for T2 cancer (HR = 1.71, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of T1 and T2 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and local excision showed oncological equivalence to major resection (HR = 1.12, P = 0.802, and 1.23, P = 0.802). Conclusions: Local excision for early colorectal cancer was oncologically equivalent to major surgery for carcinoma in situ and T1 rectal cancer, but inferior for T1–2 colon and T2 rectal cancer. Exploratory data suggest local excision of T1–2 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy may be safe.