Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economics: An Emerging Small World

We study the evolution of social distance among economists over the period 1970–2000. While the number of economists has more than doubled, the distance between them, which was already small, has declined significantly. The key to understanding the short average distances is the observation that economics is spanned by a collection of interlinked stars. A star is an economist who writes with many other economists, most of whom have few coauthors and generally do not write with each other.
Relationship of Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions revisited.

This study examines the relationship between Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions-both at the individual and the country levels. By rotating one set of items towards the other, we show that these value dimensions have more in common than previously reported. The ranking of countries (N = 47) based on Schwartz's Embeddedness--Autonomy and the Survival--Self-Expression dimensions reached a maximum of similarity, r = . 82, after rotating Inglehart's factor scores 27 degrees clockwise. The correlation between the other pair of dimensions (Schwartz's Hierarchy-Mastery--Egalitarianism-Harmony and Inglehart's Traditional--Secular-Rational values) was near zero before and after rotation. At the individual level (N = 46,444), positive correlations were found for Schwartz's Conservation--Openness dimension with both of Inglehart's dimensions (Survival--Self-Expression and Traditional--Secular-Rational values). The highest correlation with this Schwartz dimension was obtained at the Secular-Rational/Self-Expression diagonal, r = . 24, after rotating the factor scores 45 degrees clockwise. We conclude that Schwartz's and Inglehart's originally proposed two-dimensional value structures share one dimension at the country level and some commonality at the individual level, whereas the respective other pair of dimensions seem to be more or less unrelated.
A 2.5-THz receiver front end for spaceborne applications

The OH radical is an important player in known ozone depletion cycles; however, due to its location in the atmosphere, it must be studied from either a balloon or spaceborne platform. For long-term mapping over large portions of the earth, a spaceborne platform is the most desirable. NASA's Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder instrument is slated to house a 2.5-THz Schottky-diode receiver for such measurements. In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of the receiver front end. Measured double-sideband (DSB) receiver noise temperatures of better than 9000 K are reproducibly achieved with all devices of our best design. Estimated mixer noise is 3500-K DSB for optimal bias conditions and at room temperature. Selected components will be used in the first terahertz heterodyne receiver to be flown in space.
Finding a Path Subject to Many Additive QoS Constraints

A fundamental problem in quality-of-service (QoS) routing is to find a path between a source-destination node pair that satisfies two or more end-to-end QoS constraints. We model this problem using a graph with n vertices and m edges with K additive QoS parameters associated with each edge, for any constant Kges2. This problem is known to be NP-hard. Fully polynomial time approximation schemes (FPTAS) for the case of K=2 have been reported in the literature. We concentrate on the general case and make the following contributions. 1) We present a very simple (Km+nlogn) time K-approximation algorithm that can be used in hop-by-hop routing protocols. 2) We present an FPTAS for one optimization version of the QoS routing problem with a time complexity of O(m(n/epsi)K-1). 3) We present an FPTAS for another optimization version of the QoS routing problem with a time complexity of O(nlogn+m(H/epsi)K-1) when there exists an H-hop path satisfying all QoS constraints. When K is reduced to 2, our results compare favorably with existing algorithms. The results of this paper hold for both directed and undirected graphs. For ease of presentation, undirected graph is used
Nonlinear Dynamics of Memristor Based 2nd and 3rd Order Oscillators

Exceptional behaviours of Memristor are illustrated in Memristor based second order (Wien oscillator) and third order (phase shift oscillator) oscillator systems in this Thesis. Conventional concepts about sustained oscillation have been argued by demonstrating the possibility of sustained oscillation with oscillating resistance and dynamic poles. Mathematical models are also proposed for analysis and simulations have been presented to support the surprising characteristics of the Memristor based oscillator systems. This thesis also describes a comparative study among the Wien family oscillators with one Memristor. In case of phase shift oscillator, one Memristor and three Memristors systems are illustrated and compared to generalize the nonlinear dynamics observed for both 2 nd order and 3 rd order system. Detail explanations are provided with analytical models to simplify the unconventional properties of Memristor based oscillatory systems.
Detecting deletions in ASR output

In this work, the novel task of detecting deletions within automatic speech recognition (ASR) system output is investigated. Deletion-informed confidence estimation is proposed as an approach which simultaneously yields a confidence score in a word being correct, as well as a deletion confidence score which indicates whether a deletion is likely to occur in the output. The sequential nature of conditional random field (CRF) models is exploited as a means through which this can be achieved. It is shown that this sequence structure is crucial in yielding useful deletion detection scores, with an equivalent non-sequential model proven to be unsuitable for the task. The deletion-informed confidence estimation approach is also shown to outperform one where deletion confidence scores are estimated as a classification task separate from that of overall confidence estimation.
User Perception of Next-Track Music Recommendations

Many of today's music streaming websites and apps provide personalized next-track listening recommendations based on the user's current and past listening behavior. In the research literature, various algorithmic approaches to determine suitable next tracks can be found. However, almost all of them were evaluated in offline experiments using, for example, manually created playlists as a gold standard. In this work, we aim to check the external validity of insights that are obtained through such offline experiments on historical datasets. We conducted an online user study involving 277 subjects in which the participants evaluated the suitability of four different alternatives of continuing a given set of playlists. Our results indicate that manually created playlists can in fact represent a reasonable gold standard, an insight for which no evidence existed in the literature before. Furthermore, our work was able to confirm that considering playlist homogeneity aspects does not only lead to performance improvements in offline experiments -- as indicated by past research -- but also to a better quality perception by users. However, the observations also revealed that user studies of this type can be easily distorted by item familiarity biases, because the participants tend to evaluate continuation alternatives better when they know the track or the artist.
Revisiting Sorting for GPGPU Stream Architectures 1

This report presents efficient strategies for sorting large sequences of fixed-length keys (and values) using GPGPU stream processors. Our radix sorting methods demonstrate sorting rates of 482 million key-value pairs per second, and 550 million keys per second (32-bit). Compared to the state-of-the-art, our implementations exhibit speedup of at least 2x for all fully-programmable generations of NVIDIA GPUs, and up to 3.7x for current GT200-based models. For this domain of sorting problems, we believe our sorting primitive to be the fastest available for any fully-programmable microarchitecture.
Comparative Analysis of Protein Expression Concomitant with DNA Methyltransferase 3A Depletion in a Melanoma Cell Line

DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a), a de novo methyltransferase, has attracted a great deal of attention for its important role played in tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that melanoma is unable to grow in-vivo in conditions of Dnmt3a depletion in a mouse model. In this study, we cultured the Dnmt3a depletion B16 melanoma (Dnmt3a-D) cell line to conduct a comparative analysis of protein expression con-comitant with Dnmt3a depletion in a melanoma cell line. After two-dimensional separation, by gel electro-phoresis and liquid chromatography, combined with mass spectrometry analysis (1DE-LC-MS/MS), the re-sults demonstrated that 467 proteins were up-regulated and 535 proteins were down-regulated in the Dnmt3a-D cell line compared to the negative control (NC) cell line. The Genome Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway were used to further analyze the altered proteins. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway exhibited a greater alteration in proteins, an interesting finding due to the close relation-ship with tumorigenesis. The results strongly suggested that Dnmt3a potentially controls the process of tu-morigenesis through the regulation of the proteins (JNK1, p38α, ERK1, ERK2, and BRAF) involved in tu-mor-related pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and melanoma pathway.
Electrophysiology of Cognition

The sections in this article are: 1 Event-Related Potentials 1.1 Classification 1.2 Nomenclature 1.3 Recording Techniques 1.4 Measurement 2 Neural Bases of Event-Related Potentials 2.1 Field Potentials in the Nervous System 2.2 Scalp Distribution 2.3 Depth Recordings 2.4 Event-Related Magnetic Fields 2.5 Blood Flow and Metabolism 3 Clinical Applications of Event-Related Potentials 3.1 Evaluation of Sensory Function 3.2 Applications to Neurology 3.3 Disorders of Higher Nervous Functions 4 Preparation and Anticipation 4.1 Movement-Related Potentials 4.2 Contingent Negative Variation 4.3 Clinical Studies 5 Selective Attention 5.1 Early ERP Experiments 5.2 Auditory Attention 5.3 Interpretation of Auditory Negative-Difference Wave 5.4 Visual Attention 5.5 Somatosensory Attention 5.6 Question of Peripheral Sensory Gating 5.7 Attentional Channels 5.8 Multidimensional Stimulus Selection 5.9 Disorders of Attention 5.10 Overview: ERPs and Selective Attention 6 Cognitive Processing 6.1 Stimulus Probability and Expectancy 6.2 Signal Detection and Decision Confidence 6.3 Stimulus Relevance 6.4 Stimulus-Evaluation Processes 6.5 Mental Chronometry 6.6 Stimulus Meaning 6.7 Cognitive ERPs in Children 6.8 Aging and Dementia 6.9 Psychiatric Conditions 6.10 Animal Models of ERPs 6.11 Overview: ERPs and Cognitive Processing 7 Language and Hemispheric Specialization 7.1 ERPs Preceding Speech 7.2 Auditory ERPs to Speech Sounds 7.3 Phonetic Processing 7.4 Visual ERPs to Words 7.5 Probe-Stimulus Technique 7.6 Linguistic Decision Making 7.7 Stimulus Meaning 7.8 Contextual Effects in Language 7.9 Semantic Mismatch and Semantic Priming 7.10 Language Disorders 7.11 Overview: ERPs and Language 8 Concluding Observations
Generalized likelihood ratio tests for complex fMRI data: a Simulation study

Statistical tests developed for the analysis of (intrinsically complex valued) functional magnetic resonance time series, are generally applied to the data's magnitude components. However, during the past five years, new tests were developed that incorporate the complex nature of fMRI data. In particular, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) was proposed based on a constant phase model. In this work, we evaluate the sensitivity of GLRTs for complex data to small misspecifications of the phase model by means of simulation experiments. It is argued that, in practical situations, GLRTs based on magnitude data are likely to perform better compared to GLRTs based on complex data in terms of detection rate and constant false alarm rate properties.
Histone titration against the genome sets the DNA-to-cytoplasm threshold for the Xenopus midblastula transition

Significance Embryos depend on maternally deposited RNA until zygotic transcription activates. In many species, genome activation coincides with cell cycle lengthening and cellular motility, which collectively comprise the midblastula transition (MBT). A long-standing model is that MBT onset is controlled by titration of a maternally loaded inhibitor against exponentially increasing DNA. To identify MBT inhibitors, we developed an assay using Xenopus egg extract that recapitulates transcriptional activation only above a DNA-to-cytoplasm ratio similar to MBT embryos and identified histones H3 and H4 as inhibitors. Changing histone levels quantitatively shifts the DNA concentration required for transcription in vitro and alters the onset of both zygotic transcription and cell cycle lengthening in vivo. Our work strongly supports histones as a titrated MBT inhibitor. During early development, animal embryos depend on maternally deposited RNA until zygotic genes become transcriptionally active. Before this maternal-to-zygotic transition, many species execute rapid and synchronous cell divisions without growth phases or cell cycle checkpoints. The coordinated onset of transcription, cell cycle lengthening, and cell cycle checkpoints comprise the midblastula transition (MBT). A long-standing model in the frog, Xenopus laevis, posits that MBT timing is controlled by a maternally loaded inhibitory factor that is titrated against the exponentially increasing amount of DNA. To identify MBT regulators, we developed an assay using Xenopus egg extract that recapitulates the activation of transcription only above the DNA-to-cytoplasm ratio found in embryos at the MBT. We used this system to biochemically purify factors responsible for inhibiting transcription below the threshold DNA-to-cytoplasm ratio. This unbiased approach identified histones H3 and H4 as concentration-dependent inhibitory factors. Addition or depletion of H3/H4 from the extract quantitatively shifted the amount of DNA required for transcriptional activation in vitro. Moreover, reduction of H3 protein in embryos induced premature transcriptional activation and cell cycle lengthening, and the addition of H3/H4 shortened post-MBT cell cycles. Our observations support a model for MBT regulation by DNA-based titration and suggest that depletion of free histones regulates the MBT. More broadly, our work shows how a constant concentration DNA binding molecule can effectively measure the amount of cytoplasm per genome to coordinate division, growth, and development.
Ensemble Classification for Drifting Concept

Traditional data mining classifiers are used for mining the static data, in which incremental learning assumed data streams come under stationary distribution where data concepts remain unchanged. The concept of data can be changed at any time in real world application this refers to change in the class definitions over time. Classifier ensembles are rapidly gaining popularity in data mining Community, because they are comparatively more accurate, easy and react better to concept drift than single classifiers. They are general way of boosting classification accuracy. Their modularity provides natural path of absorbing changes by modifying ensemble member. The proposed approach uses ensemble classifiers to improve the accuracy of the classification in data streams . The performance of the classifiers tested with benchmark datasets from UCI machine learning repository. the experimental results prove that this approach great accuracy when comparing to the single classifier.
Familial sinistrality in crossed aphasia: A new case and review of the available literature

From the earliest descriptions onwards, the phenomenon of familial sinistrality (FS) has been strongly implicated in the concept of crossed aphasia in dextrals (CAD). In the early literature on CAD, a positive tract of FS (FS+) was generally regarded as the most important cause of anomalous language lateralisation in dextrals. Although in the more recent literature FS+ is generally regarded a strong exclusion criterion for CAD, in a corpus of 180 published CAD cases we encountered 26 patients with FS+ (14.4%). Critical analysis revealed that only a minority of these cases (5/26; 19%) sufficiently met the adopted criteria for an unambiguous diagnosis of vascular CAD (reliable CAD). One personal observation, reported in this paper, also fulfilled these criteria and is added to this group. To evaluate the presumed impact of FS+ on the anatomoclinical configurations of vascular CAD, all "reliable" CAD cases with FS+ were analysed in a three-epoch time-frame model for aphasia and matched for both aphasia type and lesion-aphasia profile with a representative group of vascular "reliable" CAD cases with negative FS (FS-). Close analysis of the aphasia characteristics revealed that the FS variable did not induce semiological differences between both FS groups. Although the limited study sample does not allow strong conclusions to be drawn, our findings seem to indicate that FS does not act as a strong determinant of lesion- behaviour relationships in CAD.
Computational Synthesis of Multi-Domain Systems

Several challenging issues have to be addressed for automated synthesis of multi-domain systems. First, design of interdisciplinary (multi-domain) engineering systems, such as mechatronic systems, differs from design of single-domain systems, such as electronic circuits, mechanisms, and fluid power systems, in part because of the need to integrate the several distinct domain characteristics in predicting system behavior. Second, a mechanism is needed to automatically select useful elements from the building block repertoire, construct them into a system, evaluate the system and then reconfigure the system structure to achieve better performance. Dynamic system models based on diverse branches of engineering science can be expressed using the notation of bond graphs, based on energy and information flow. One may construct models of electrical, mechanical, magnetic, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, and other systems using only a rather small set of ideal elements as building blocks. Another useful tool, genetic programming, is a powerful method for creating and evolving novel design structures in an open-ended manner. Through definition of a set of constructor functions, a genotype tree is created for each individual in each generation. The process of evaluating the genotype tree maps the genotype into a phenotype -- i.e., to the abstract topological description of the design of a multi-domain system, using a bond graph along with parameters for each component, if needed. Finally, physical realization is carried out to relate each abstract element of the bond graph to corresponding components in various physical domains. To implement the above GPBG approach in a specific application domain, cautious steps have to be taken to make the evolved design represented by bond graphs realizable and manufacturable. To achieve this, one important step is to define appropriate building blocks of the design space and carefully design a realizable function set in genetic programming. We are going to illustrate this in an example of behavioral synthesis of a RF MEM circuit – a micro-mechanical band pass filter design. Finally, we have some discussions on how to extend the above approach to an integrated evolutionary synthesis environment for MEMS across a variety of design layers.
Dynamic Changes in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Structure in Ventricular Myocytes

The fidelity of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in ventricular myocytes is remarkable, with each action potential evoking a [Ca2+]i transient. The prevalent model is that the consistency in EC coupling in ventricular myocytes is due to the formation of fixed, tight junctions between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the sarcolemma where Ca2+ release is activated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the SR is a structurally inert organelle in ventricular myocytes. Our data suggest that rather than being static, the SR undergoes frequent dynamic structural changes. SR boutons expressing functional ryanodine receptors moved throughout the cell, approaching or moving away from the sarcolemma of ventricular myocytes. These changes in SR structure occurred in the absence of changes in [Ca2+]i during EC coupling. Microtubules and the molecular motors dynein and kinesin 1(Kif5b) were important regulators of SR motility. These findings support a model in which the SR is a motile organelle capable of molecular motor protein-driven structural changes.
Correlating Acupuncture fMRI in the Human Brainstem with Heart Rate Variability

Past neuroimaging studies of acupuncture have demonstrated variable results for important brainstem nuclei. We have employed cardiac-gated fMRI with T1-variability correction to study the processing of acupuncture by the human brain. Furthermore, our imaging experiments collected simultaneous ECG data in order to correlate heart rate variability (HRV) with fMRI signal intensity. Subjects experienced one of three stimulations over a 31.5 minute fMRI run: (1) electro-acupuncture at 2Hz/15Hz over the acupoint ST-36 (2) electro-acupuncture at a sham non-acupoint, or (3) sensory control tapping over ST-36. The ECG was analyzed with power spectral methods for low frequency and high frequency components, which reflect the balance in the autonomic nervous system. The HRV data was then correlated with the time-varying fMRI signal intensity. Our data suggests that fMRI activity in the hypothalamus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the periaqueductal gray, and the rostroventral medulla showed significant correlation with LF/HF ratio calculated from simultaneous HRV data. The correlation of time-varying fMRI response with physiological parameters may provide insight into connections between acupuncture modulation of the autonomic nervous system and neuroprocessing
Article Withdrawn: GNARE: A Grid-based Server for the Analysis of User Submitted Genomes

GeNome Analysis Research Environment (GNARE) is a bioinformatics server that supports both automated and interactive expert-driven analysis of user-submitted genomes and metagenomes. These analyses include gene function prediction and development of organism-specific metabolic reconstructions from sequence data. GNARE provides a framework for comparative and evolutionary analysis as well as annotation of genomes and metabolic networks in the context of phenotypic and taxonomic information. Results of analyses and metabolic models are visualized and extensively annotated with information from public databases. GNARE uses automated workflows and a Gridbased computational backend to perform highthroughput analysis of genomes. This use of distributed computing allows the analysis of an average-sized prokaryotic genome in less than 5 h. GNARE is available at http://compbio.mcs. anl. gov/gnare/.
Reacting to nonverbal expressions of liking: A test of interaction adaptation theory

An intuitive notion regarding expressions of liking is that they are consistently associated with positive relational outcomes. However, when such expressions go unreciprocated, they can leave the sender in a face‐compromising position and may end up damaging the relationship. The current experiment applied interaction adaptation theory to the task of predicting when nonverbal expressions of liking will be reciprocated Ninety‐six adults were paired with same‐sex strangers and induced to expect the strangers either to like or dislike them and to desire that the strangers either like or dislike them. The strangers, who were trained confederates, enacted nonverbal behaviors associated either with liking or disliking during a short experimental interaction with participants. Participants enacted nonverbal liking behavior when they desired the same from confederates, largely irrespective of participants’ expectations or confederates’ actual behaviors. Conversely, participants enacted disliking behavior when th.