Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal location-multi-allocation-routing in capacitated transportation networks under population-dependent travel times

A capacitated location-multi-allocation-routing model is presented for a transportation network with travel times between the nodes represented by links on the network. The concept of multi-allocation arises from the possibility of allocating the population in a demand node to more than one server node. In normal conditions, travel time between two nodes is a fixed value. However, since the flow of population in a link can affect the travel time, here the impact of the population flow on link time is considered to be simultaneous. This way, distribution of the population over the network has a direct influence on the travel link times. It is assumed that all links are two-way and capacities of the server nodes and arcs for accepting population are limited. Our aim is to ﬁnd optimal locations of server node(s), optimal allocation of the population in demand nodes to the server(s) and optimal allocation of the population of the nodes to different routes to reach the assigned servers so that total transportation time is minimised. First, the proposed problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming model, followed by its suitable transformation into a mixed-integer linear programming problem. Then, a standard genetic algorithm (GA) and a heuristic algorithm combining genetic algorithm and local search (GALS) are presented to solve large instances of the problem. Finally, three sets of numerical experiments are made to compare the results obtained by CPLEX, standard GA and GALS. Numerical results show outperformance of GALS over CPLEX and the standard GA.
An Application Of Neural Networks To Sequence Analysis And Genre Identification

This study borrowed a technique from molecular sequence analysis and applied it to genre identification, which is the process of determining the type or family of a given document. For example, is the document a letter, a news story, a horoscope, a joke, an advertisement, a pornographic story, etc. Genre identification allows a computer user to further filter email and web sites in a way that is totally different from topic-based methods. This study presents original research in an application of machine learning to the genre identification problem. The specific method selected for the application was neural modeling. The data for the study came from a database constructed by the author and his colleagues. The data consisted of descriptive features and the genre classification, as judged by a human, from over 5,000 different documents. Ten different genres were represented. The descriptive features consisted of 89 different measurements of each document such as average word length, the number of numeric t.
B Cells Control the Migration of a Subset of Dendritic Cells into B Cell Follicles Via CXC Chemokine Ligand 13 in a Lymphotoxin-Dependent Fashion1

Certain classes of dendritic cells (DCs) meet rare cognate Ag-specific T and B cells inside primary B cell follicles for the development of germinal centers. However, the mechanisms underlying this coordination are still undefined. Cysteine-rich (CR) domain of the mannose receptor (CR-Fc)+ DCs are a newly discovered subset of DCs that migrate rapidly into the primary lymphoid follicles from marginal zone after immunization. In this work, we uncover the key role of B cells in the establishment of a microenvironment that allows these DCs to be in the B cell area in a lymphotoxin (LT)-dependent fashion. CR-Fc+ DCs are absent from the spleens of both LTβR- and LTα-deficient mice, suggesting that signaling by membrane LT is required for the presence of CR-Fc+ DCs in the spleen. Interestingly, analysis of mutant mice that lack T, B, or NK cells demonstrates that B cell-derived membrane LT is essential for the unique localization of CR-Fc+ DCs in the spleen. Using bone marrow transfer and ligand-blocking approaches, we provide evidence that B cell-derived LT acts indirectly on CR-Fc+ DCs through LTβR+ stromal cells. In analogous fashion to certain Ag-activated T and B cells, CR-Fc+ DCs, expressing CXCR5, localize to primary lymphoid follicles in response to CXC ligand 13 (B lymphocyte chemoattractant). Together, we propose that B cells play a central role in establishing the chemotactic gradient that attracts not only Ag-activated T and B cells but also Ag-carrying CR-Fc+ DCs. In turn, CR-Fc+ DCs and T cells home to B cell follicles to interact with B cells in the developing germinal center.
Integrated Detection, Tracking and Recognition for IR Video-Based Vehicle Classification

We present an approach for vehicle classification in IR video sequences by integrating detection, tracking and recognition. The method has two steps. First, the moving target is automatically detected using a detection algorithm. Next, we perform simultaneous tracking and recognition using an appearance-model based particle filter. The tracking result is evaluated at each frame. Low confidence in tracking performance initiates a new cycle of detection, tracking and classification. We demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method using outdoor IR video sequences
Osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development are regulated by Mdm2–p53 signaling

Mdm2 is required to negatively regulate p53 activity at the peri-implantation stage of early mouse development. However, the absolute requirement for Mdm2 throughout embryogenesis and in organogenesis is unknown. To explore Mdm2–p53 signaling in osteogenesis, Mdm2-conditional mice were bred with Col3.6-Cre–transgenic mice that express Cre recombinase in osteoblast lineage cells. Mdm2-conditional Col3.6-Cre mice die at birth and display multiple skeletal defects. Osteoblast progenitor cells deleted for Mdm2 have elevated p53 activity, reduced proliferation, reduced levels of the master osteoblast transcriptional regulator Runx2, and reduced differentiation. In contrast, p53-null osteoprogenitor cells have increased proliferation, increased expression of Runx2, increased osteoblast maturation, and increased tumorigenic potential, as mice specifically deleted for p53 in osteoblasts develop osteosarcomas. These results demonstrate that p53 plays a critical role in bone organogenesis and homeostasis by negatively regulating bone development and growth and by suppressing bone neoplasia and that Mdm2-mediated inhibition of p53 function is a prerequisite for Runx2 activation, osteoblast differentiation, and proper skeletal formation.
An Approach of Generating Test Requirements for Agile Software Development

Test driven development, an agile programming approach, has been advocated as a promising approach for developing quality code. This approach aims at developing minimal, non-redundant code accepting only one test case at a time. However, not much has been deliberated in the literature on how to systematically generate test cases for incremental coding. In this paper, we propose an approach of generating test requirements from use case specification for test driven development. The approach consists of first constructing actor-oriented activity diagrams from use case specifications, and then generating systematic, prioritized test sequences from these activity diagrams for developing code incrementally. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach using an illustrative example and discuss other related issues. We also present a comparative study of the effectiveness of test sequences generated from our approach with some other existing use case based test case generation approaches.
Tactical Approaches for Alleviating Distance in Global Software Development

To overcome the problem of distance in global software development, various managers are experimenting and quickly adjusting their tactical approaches. We discuss some emerging approaches and explain their motivations from conceptual and practical perspectives. The most intuitive approach for alleviating distance is to apply communication technologies, but this is not our focus. Rather, we examine tactics that go beyond communication technologies, tactics aimed at reducing intensive collaboration, national and organizational cultural differences, and temporal distance.
Potentiation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-&bgr; Signaling Mediated by Integrin-Associated MFG-E8

Objective—Pericytes/pericyte precursors produce milk fat globule-associated protein with epidermal growth factor and factor VIII-like domains (MFG-E8) in vivo, and this &agr;v integrin ligand enhances angiogenesis in tumors and in oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Inhibition of MFG-E8 production or function attenuates platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced migration of pericyte/pericyte precursor-like 10T1/2 cells in vitro. Herein, we describe mechanisms by which MFG-E8 modulates PDGF-BB:PDGF receptor &bgr; (PDGFR&bgr;) signaling in 10T1/2 cells. Methods and Results—Small interfering RNA depletion of MFG-E8 from 10T1/2 cells or antibody inhibition of MFG-E8 action enhanced PDGF-BB-dependent degradation of PDGFR&bgr; and attenuated signaling. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed transient association of MFG-E8 with PDGFR&bgr; in PDGF-BB-treated 10T1/2 cells and reduced PDGFR&bgr;-focal adhesion kinase association in MFG-E8-depleted cells. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that MFG-E8 binding to 10T1/2 cells was RGD motif and &agr;v dependent but PDGF-BB treatment independent, whereas colocalization of MFG-E8 with PDGFR&bgr; was enhanced by PDGF-BB. Ubiquitination of PDGFR&bgr; was also increased in MFG-E8 small interfering RNA-transfected cells. Conclusion—Integrin &agr;v-bound MFG-E8 associates with PDGFR&bgr; and focal adhesion kinase after PDGF-BB treatment, results in cell surface retention of PDGFR&bgr;, delays receptor degradation, potentiates downstream signaling, and enhances migration of 10T1/2 cells. MFG-E8 may promote angiogenesis, in part, via cell autonomous actions on pericytes or pericyte precursors that result in enhanced PDGF-BB:PDGFR&bgr; signaling mediated via integrin-growth factor receptor cross-talk.
DUAL ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR PROTON THERAPY TREATMENT PLANNING

Proton radiation therapy is gaining popularity because of the unique characteristics of its dose distribution, e.g., high dose-gradient at the distal end of the percentage-depth-dose curve (known as the Bragg peak). The high dose-gradient offers the possibility of delivering high dose to the target while still sparing critical organs distal to the target. However, the high dose-gradient is a double-edged sword: a small shift of the highly conformal high-dose area can cause the target to be substantially under-dosed or the critical organs to be substantially over-dosed. Because of that, large margins are required in treatment planning to ensure adequate dose coverage of the target, which prevents us from realizing the full potential of proton beams. Therefore, it is critical to reduce uncertainties in the proton radiation therapy. One major uncertainty in a proton treatment is the range uncertainty related to the estimation of proton stopping power ratio (SPR) distribution inside a patient. The SPR distribution inside a patient is required to account for tissue heterogeneities when calculating dose distribution inside the patient. In current clinical practice, the SPR distribution inside a patient is estimated from the patient’s treatment planning computed tomography (CT) images based on the CT number-to-SPR calibration curve. The SPR
KL-HMM and Probabilistic Lexical Modeling

Kullback-Leibler divergence based hidden Markov model (KL-HMM) is an approach where a posteriori probabilities of phonemes estimated by artificial neural networks (ANN) are modeled directly as feature observation. In this paper, we show the relation between standard HMM-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) approach and KL-HMM approach. More specifically, we show that KL-HMM is a probabilistic lexical modeling approach which is applicable to both HMM/GMM ASR system and hybrid HMM/ANN ASR system. Through experimental studies on DARPA Resource Management task, we show that KL-HMM approach can improve over state-of-the-art ASR system.
Grating lobe suppression by a parasitic dipole layer over a waveguide transverse slot array with reflection-canceling posts

A unit element consisting of a transverse slot, a post and a pair of parasitic dipoles is proposed for an application in the bore-sight beam antenna array to suppress grating lobes with minimum unit reflection at the waveguide input. The unit is designed with suitable dipole position and dimensions to suppress radiation in the directions of grating lobes in a transverse slot array and with suitable diameter and position of the post to minimize input reflection. The reflection and radiation characteristics of the unit are analyzed by the method of moments (MoM). It is found that larger reflection of a transverse slot can be reduced below -20 dB while its uniform pattern can be suppressed by more than 20 dB in the direction of the grating lobes.
Art-directable procedural vegetation in disney's zootopia

With six distinct habitats integrated into one mammalian metropolis, early artwork for Zootopia displayed a large appetite for diverse vegetation. Our flexible toolset for procedural vegetation allowed us to easily customize the system to provide the required variation through new growth and animation module features, while maintaining art-directable control. We enriched the vegetation animation tools and workflows to support various levels of interaction with the characters and environment. To address the geometric complexity produced by all of this variation, we implemented various instancing schemes to allow the renderer to re-use as much geometry as possible.
Impact of vehicular emissions on the formation of fine particles in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area: a numerical study with the WRF-Chem model

Abstract. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of vehicular emissions on the formation of fine particles (PM2.5; ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter) in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) in Brazil, where ethanol is used intensively as a fuel in road vehicles. The Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model, which simulates feedbacks between meteorological variables and chemical species, is used as a photochemical modelling tool to describe the physico-chemical processes leading to the evolution of number and mass size distribution of particles through gas-to-particle conversion. A vehicular emission model based on statistical information of vehicular activity is applied to simulate vehicular emissions over the studied area. The simulation has been performed for a 1-month period (7 August–6 September 2012) to cover the availability of experimental data from the NUANCE-SPS (Narrowing the Uncertainties on Aerosol and Climate Changes in Sao Paulo State) project that aims to characterize emissions of atmospheric aerosols in the SPMA. The availability of experimental measurements of atmospheric aerosols and the application of the WRF-Chem model made it possible to represent some of the most important properties of fine particles in the SPMA such as the mass size distribution and chemical composition, besides allowing us to evaluate its formation potential through the gas-to-particle conversion processes. Results show that the emission of primary gases, mostly from vehicles, led to a production of secondary particles between 20 and 30 % in relation to the total mass concentration of PM2.5 in the downtown SPMA. Each of PM2.5 and primary natural aerosol (dust and sea salt) contributed with 40–50 % of the total PM10 (i.e. those ≤ 10 µm in diameter) concentration. Over 40 % of the formation of fine particles, by mass, was due to the emission of hydrocarbons, mainly aromatics. Furthermore, an increase in the number of small particles impaired the ultraviolet radiation and induced a decrease in ozone formation. The ground-level O3 concentration decreased by about 2 % when the aerosol-radiation feedback is taken into account.
Whether This Participant will Attract You to This Event? Exploiting Participant Influence for Event Recommendation

When a user is making a decision on whether to participate an event in Event-based Social Networks (EBSN), one of the common considerations is who have agreed to join this event. The reason is that existing participants of the event affect the decision of the user, to which we refer as participant influence. However, participant influence is not well studied by previous works. In this paper, we propose an event recommendation model which considers participant influence, exploiting the influence of existing participants, on the decisions of new participants. Specifically, we investigate participant influence in relation to several commonly used contextual aspects of the event based on Poisson factorization. We have conducted extensive experiments on some datasets extracted from a real-world EBSN. The results demonstrate that the consideration of participant influence can improve event recommendation.
A multilevel genetic algorithm for the clustering problem

Data mining is concerned with the discovery of interesting patterns and knowledge in data repositories. Cluster analysis which belongs to the core methods of data mining is the process of discovering homogeneous groups called clusters. Given a dataset and some measure of similarity between data objects, the goal in most clustering algorithms is maximising both the homogeneity within each cluster and the heterogeneity between different clusters. The multilevel paradigm suggests a hierarchical optimisation process going through different levels evolving from a coarse grain to fine grain strategy. The clustering problem is solved by first reducing the problem level by level to a coarser problem where an initial clustering is computed. The clustering of the coarser problem is mapped back level-by-level to obtain a better clustering of the original problem by refining the intermediate different clustering obtained at various levels. In this paper, a multilevel genetic algorithm and a multilevel K-means algorithm are introduced for solving the clustering problem. A benchmark using a number of datasets collected from a variety of domains is used to compare the effectiveness of the hierarchical approach against its single-level counterpart.
Fast and Accurate Stereo Vision System on FPGA

In this article, we present a fast and high quality stereo matching algorithm on FPGA using cost aggregation (CA) and fast locally consistent (FLC) dense stereo. In many software programs, global matching algorithms are used in order to obtain accurate disparity maps. Although their error rates are considerably low, their processing speeds are far from that required for real-time processing because of their complex processing sequences. In order to realize real-time processing, many hardware systems have been proposed to date. They have achieved considerably high processing speeds; however, their error rates are not as good as those of software programs, because simple local matching algorithms have been widely used in those systems. In our system, sophisticated local matching algorithms (CA and FLC) that are suitable for FPGA implementation are used to achieve low error rate while maintaining the high processing speed. We evaluate the performance of our circuit on Xilinx Vertex-6 FPGAs. Its error rate is comparable to that of top-level software algorithms, and its processing speed is nearly 2 clock cycles per pixel, which reaches 507.9 fps for 640 480 pixel images.
Composition, Diversity, and Stability of Microbial Assemblages in Seasonal Lake Ice, Miquelon Lake, Central Alberta

The most familiar icy environments, seasonal lake and stream ice, have received little microbiological study. Bacteria and Eukarya dominated the microbial assemblage within the seasonal ice of Miquelon Lake, a shallow saline lake in Alberta, Canada. The bacterial assemblages were moderately diverse and did not vary with either ice depth or time. The closest relatives of the bacterial sequences from the ice included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Cyanobacteria. The eukaryotic assemblages were less conserved and had very low diversity. Green algae relatives dominated the eukaryotic gene sequences; however, a copepod and cercozoan were also identified, possibly indicating the presence of complete microbial loop. The persistence of a chlorophyll a peak at 25–30 cm below the ice surface, despite ice migration and brine flushing, indicated possible biological activity within the ice. This is the first study of the composition, diversity, and stability of seasonal lake ice.
Object-relational database metrics

Object-relational databases will replace relational systems to become the next great wave of databases because they combine traditional database characteristics with object-oriented principle. So, it is fundamental to propose metrics for control the quality of this kind of databases. But metrics definition must be done in a methodological way, it is necessary to follow a number of steps for ensure the reliability of the proposed metrics. In this work, we present the method we apply for the metrics proposal (which is composed by metrics definition, formal verification and empirical validation) and how we have used it obtain metrics for object-relational databases.
Two-dimensional numerical simulation of radio frequency sputter amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistors

We reported on a two-dimensional simulation of electrical properties of the radio frequency (rf) sputter amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The a-IGZO TFT used in this work has the following performance: field-effect mobility (μeff) of ∼12 cm2/V s, threshold voltage (Vth) of ∼1.15 V, subthreshold swing (S) of ∼0.13 V/dec, and on/off ratio over 1010. To accurately simulate the measured transistor electrical properties, the density-of-states model is developed. The donorlike states are also proposed to be associated with the oxygen vacancy in a-IGZO. The experimental and calculated results show that the rf sputter a-IGZO TFT has a very sharp conduction band-tail slope distribution (Ea=13 meV) and Ti ohmic-like source/drain contacts with a specific contact resistance lower than 2.7×10−3 Ω cm2.
The structure of two-dimensional vitreous silica

0\. Introduction 1\. The Structure of Glass 2\. Methods and Experimental Implementation 3\. Precharacterization of Thin Silica Films on Ru(0001) 4\. The Atomic Structure of a Thin Vitreous Silica Film 5\. Comparison of Crystalline and Vitreous Phases 6\. Crystalline–Vitreous Interface in Two- Dimensional Silica 7\. Conclusion and Outlook
En-MAC: Environment-aware MAC protocol for WSNs in intertidal environment

This paper investigates the MAC protocol tailored for wireless sensor networks deployed in the intertidal environment (IT-WSNs) where the ebb and flow of the tide influence the packet transmission. Most packets fail to be delivered when the sensor node is submerged by seawater during high tide. To deal with it, an environment-aware electrode module is designed to detect the tide level and determine whether the sensor node is underwater or above water. Based on the electrode module, this paper proposes an environment-aware MAC (En-MAC) protocol. En-MAC combines the electrode module and packet delivery ratio (PDR) to determine the transmission strategy, so as to reduce the number of retransmissions according to the environment. Both simulations and field tests are implemented and the results demonstrate that En-MAC performs effectively and efficiently in IT-WSNs.