Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking dust emission to fundamental properties in galaxies: the low-metallicity picture

Aims. In this work, we aim to provide a consistent analysis of the dust properties from metal-poor to metal-rich environments by linking them to fundamental galactic parameters. Methods. We consider two samples of galaxies: the Dwarf Galaxy Survey (DGS) and the Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH), totalling 109 galaxies, spanning almost 2 dex in metallicity. We collect infrared (IR) to submillimetre (submm) data for both samples and present the complete data set for the DGS sample. We model the observed spectral energy distributions (SED) with a physically-motivated dust model to access the dust properties: dust mass, total-IR luminosity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mass fraction, dust temperature distribution, and dust-to-stellar mass ratio. Results. Using a different SED model (modified black body), different dust composition (amorphous carbon in lieu of graphite), or a different wavelength coverage at submm wavelengths results in differences in the dust mass estimate of a factor two to three, showing that this parameter is subject to non-negligible systematic modelling uncertainties. We find half as much dust with the amorphous carbon dust composition. For eight galaxies in our sample, we find a rather small excess at 500 μm (≤1.5σ). We find that the dust SED of low-metallicity galaxies is broader and peaks at shorter wavelengths compared to more metal-rich systems, a sign of a clumpier medium in dwarf galaxies. The PAH mass fraction and dust temperature distribution are found to be driven mostly by the specific star formation rate, sSFR, with secondary effects from metallicity. The correlations between metallicity and dust mass or total-IR luminosity are direct consequences of the stellar mass-metallicity relation. The dust-to-stellar mass ratios of metal-rich sources follow the well-studied trend of decreasing ratio for decreasing sSFR. The relation is more complex for low-metallicity galaxies with high sSFR, and depends on the chemical evolutionary stage of the source (i.e. gas-to-dust mass ratio). Dust growth processes in the ISM play a key role in the dust mass build-up with respect to the stellar content at high sSFR and low metallicity. Conclusions. We conclude that the evolution of the dust properties from metal-poor to metal-rich galaxies derives from a complex interplay between star formation activity, stellar mass, and metallicity.
Homocysteine potentiates copper‐ and amyloid beta peptide‐mediated toxicity in primary neuronal cultures: possible risk factors in the Alzheimer's‐type neurodegenerative pathways

Oxidative stress may have an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. Oxidative damage could result from interactions between highly reactive transition metals such as copper (Cu) and endogenous reducing and/or oxidizing molecules in the brain. One such molecule, homocysteine, a thiol‐containing amino acid, has previously been shown to modulate Cu toxicity in HeLa and endothelial cells in vitro. Due to a possible link between hyperhomocysteinemia and AD, we examined whether interaction between homocysteine and Cu could potentiate Cu neurotoxicity. Primary mouse neuronal cultures were treated with homocysteine and either Cu (II), Fe (II or III) or Zn (II). Homocysteine was shown to selectively potentiate toxicity from low micromolar concentrations of Cu. The toxicity of homocysteine/Cu coincubation was dependent on the ability of homocysteine to reduce Cu (II) as reflected by the inhibition of toxicity with the Cu (I)‐specific chelator, bathocuproine disulphonate. This was supported by data showing that homocysteine reduced Cu (II) more effectively than cysteine or methionine but did not reduce Fe (III) to Fe (II). Homocysteine also generated high levels of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cu (II) and promoted Aβ/Cu‐mediated hydrogen peroxide production and neurotoxicity. The potentiation of metal toxicity did not involve excitotoxicity as ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists had no effect on neurotoxicity. Homocysteine alone also had no effect on neuronal glutathione levels. These studies suggest that increased copper and/or homocysteine levels in the elderly could promote significant oxidant damage to neurons and may represent additional risk factor pathways which conspire to produce AD or related neurodegenerative conditions.
Psychosocial adjustment in children of mothers with breast cancer

Thirty‐five children of 28 mothers diagnosed with breast cancer during the previous year were compared to 34 children of 24 mothers with recent benign breast biopsies. Mothers and children, ages 8–16, completed questionnaires about mood, behavior problems and social functioning to assess whether children of mothers with breast cancer were at increased risk for adjustment problems. Significant differences were not found between children in the breast cancer group and the comparison group on any of the measures, even though mothers with breast cancer reported more psychological distress than mothers with benign biopsies. In addition, children in both groups were functioning better than normative samples on some adjustment measures. Variables measuring the mother's illness and treatment were not significantly related to children's adjustment in the breast cancer group. Findings suggested that some adolescents whose mothers had breast cancer did better in social and academic activities when their mothers were more distressed, while adolescents whose mothers had benign biopsies did less well when their mothers were distressed. The study's small sample size limits conclusions that can be drawn; however, clinical and research implications are discussed, given other reports that some children of parents with cancer may experience adjustment problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Proteolytic Regulator Controlling Chalcone Synthase Stability and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis[OPEN]

A Kelch domain-containing F-box protein mediates degradation of chalcone synthase, by which it acts as a proteolytic regulator coordinately tuning flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids represent a large family of specialized metabolites involved in plant growth, development, and adaptation. Chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes the first step of flavonoid biosynthesis by directing carbon flux from general phenylpropanoid metabolism to flavonoid pathway. Despite extensive characterization of its function and transcriptional regulation, the molecular basis governing its posttranslational modification is enigmatic. Here, we report the discovery of a proteolytic regulator of CHS, namely, KFBCHS, a Kelch domain-containing F-box protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. KFBCHS physically interacts with CHS and specifically mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. KFBCHS exhibits developmental expression patterns in Arabidopsis leaves, stems, and siliques and strongly responds to the dark-to-light (or the light-to-dark) switch, the blue, red, and far-red light signals, and UV-B irradiation. Alteration of KFBCHS expression negatively correlates to the cellular concentration of CHS and the production of flavonoids. Our study suggests that KFBCHS serves as a crucial negative regulator, via mediating CHS degradation, coordinately controlling flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the developmental cues and environmental stimuli.
(Mis)classification of ethnicity on the New Zealand Cancer Registry: 1981-2004.

BACKGROUND Māori and Pacific peoples are undercounted in cancer incidence statistics relative to census statistics. We use linked census and Cancer Registry data sets to determine the extent of misclassification between 1981 and 2004. METHODS The 1981, 86, 91, 96 and 2001 censuses were anonymously and probabilistically linked to individuals with a cancer registration for the entire intercensal period, or 31 December 2004 in the 2001 cohort. We compared counts by ethnicity between census and Cancer Registry data. Correction ratios and percentage under or overcounts are presented. RESULTS Undercounting of Māori and Pacific peoples was marked in the first cohort. For example Māori were undercounted 31% on the Cancer Registry compared to self reported ethnic origin in the 1981-86 cohort. Gradual improvements were seen and by the 2001 cohort undercounting was 15% and 10% for Māori and Pacific peoples respectively. For Asian people undercounting improved from 68% to 13% over the time studied. Reciprocally, non māori /Pacific/Asian peoples were consistently overcounted. CONCLUSION There is undercounting of Māori, Pacific and Asian events on cancer registration data, relative to census data, throughout 1981-2004. Cancer incidence rates need revising, to correctly understand the epidemiology and to inform cancer policy. Steps to improve the quality of ethnicity information remain a priority.
Reducing the Impact of Trade Misclassification on Estimating the Probability of Informed Trading

This study adds to the literature on estimating the probability of informed trading (PIN), which interests market microstructure empiricists, by proposing the q-adjustment to the process of estimating PIN. Due to challenges in accessing the data necessary for distinguishing between buyer- and seller-initiated transactions, prior studies commonly rely on trade classification algorithms. However, these algorithms result in misclassification and, as a result, the PIN may be underestimated. Specifically, this study shows that an underestimated PIN leads to a spuriously large slope coefficient but a low adjusted R-squared for the regression of opening bid-ask spread on the PIN and that both trade misclassification and PIN estimation error become more serious for recent-year data. The authors find that the q-adjustment is appropriate for all extended PIN models and is effective in both simulated and historical data. In addition, the q-adjustment outperforms the existing remedies across longer time spans.
Why are a group of mid-life men on the margins of work and family? A literature review

Since the 1960s and 1970s New Zealand and other industrialised countries have moved from a situation where most mid-life men were 1) in full-time paid work, 2) married and living with dependent children, 3) highly unlikely to be in receipt of benefit income, and 4) most likely to be economically supporting their partner and children. However in recent decades social and economic changes have radically altered these life course arrangements. In a companion paper we document the decline in mid-life male participation in employment and families. We focus particularly on the emergence of a small, but significant, group of low-skilled mid-life men who are neither employed nor living with partners and children. These men on the margins of paid work and family life do not appear to have benefited from the liberalisation of either sex roles or the labour market over recent decades. In this paper we review the New Zealand and international literature that has sought to explain both the decline of employment and family life amongst mid-life men, as well as the inter connections between paid work and participation within families. Our reading of the literature, together with our interpretation of the descriptive New Zealand data, is that the labour market has been a key driver of the observed changes. We argue that a decline in demand for low-skilled manual labour, and an increase in labour market competition, has restricted opportunities for some mid-life men. Declining employment and stagnating earnings may has also have influenced the extent of partnering and male participation in family life.
Coronavirus M proteins accumulate in the Golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding

The prevailing hypothesis is that the intracellular site of budding of coronaviruses is determined by the localization of its membrane protein M (previously called E1). We tested this by analyzing the site of budding of four different coronaviruses in relation to the intracellular localization of their M proteins. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) grown in Sac(-) cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) grown in CrFK cells, all budded exclusively into smooth-walled, tubulovesicular membranes located intermediately between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, identical to the so-called budding compartment previously identified for MHV. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of the infected cells showed that all four M proteins accumulated in a perinuclear region. Immunogold microscopy localized MHV M and IBV M in the budding compartment; in addition, a dense labeling in the Golgi complex occurred, MHV M predominantly in trans-Golgi cisternae and trans-Golgi reticulum and IBV M mainly in the cis and medial Golgi cisternae. The corresponding M proteins of the four viruses, when independently expressed in a recombinant vaccinia virus system, also accumulated in the perinuclear area. Quantitative pulse-chase analysis of metabolically labeled cells showed that in each case the majority of the M glycoproteins carried oligosaccharide side chains with Golgi-specific modifications within 4 h after synthesis. Immunoelectron microscopy localized recombinant MHV M and IBV M to the same membranes as the respective proteins in coronavirus-infected cells, with the same cis-trans distribution over the Golgi complex. Our results demonstrate that some of the M proteins of the four viruses are transported beyond the budding compartment and are differentially retained by intrinsic retention signals; in addition to M, other viral and/or cellular factors are probably required to determine the site of budding.
Age grading in the Montréal French inflected future

Abstract The rise of the periphrastic future (PF) at the expense of the inflected future (IF) is an established historical trend in Québécois French over at least the past 150 years. Previous research has also found higher rates of PF among younger speakers, many displaying categorical use in affirmative contexts. Because an apparent time interpretation of the synchronic data fits the historical record, we expected concomitant speaker stability across the lifespan. On the contrary, our panel study of 60 Montréal speakers (1971–1984) reveals age grading in a retrograde direction. As they aged, two-thirds of the speakers we studied increased their frequency of IF, an effect heightened for members of higher socioprofessional groups. Though not sufficiently robust to stem the historical tide, increased IF use by older speakers may retard the change somewhat, providing continuing IF input to child L1 acquisition. Rather than vitiating an apparent time interpretation, these results indicate that the rate of change may be slightly overestimated if age grading acts in a retrograde direction.
Signal targeting with alternating radiofrequency (STAR) sequences: Application to MR angiography

We describe a time of flight subtraction method for cine MR angiography that provides nearly perfect suppression of background signal intensity with excellent flow contrast. The method consists of a preparation phase, during which the longitudinal magnetization of the target tissue is inverted on alternate acquisitions and the background tissue is presaturated, followed by a readout phase using a cine segmented turboFLASH sequence with a shared echo modification to improve temporal resolution. With appropriate alternation of the phases of the radiofrequency excitation pulses, there is cancellation of the background signal intensity but flow signal is optimized. By using a thick section (up to 25 mm), substantial portions of the vascular territory are encompassed in a single plane. This permits rapid, dynamic assessment of flow patterns in areas such as the circle of Willis, carotid bifurcation, or renal arteries. Applications of the method for bright and dark blood cine MR angiography are demonstrated.
Application of Kalman's Filtering Method in Construction Control for Cable Replacement of the Cable-Stayed Bridge

Stayed-cables should be replaced and tensioned by stages in the process of the replacement of stayed-cables because cable-stayed bridge is a hyperstatic structure. It makes the structural parameters of the bridge difficult to determine. So the construction control for cable replacement of the cable-stayed bridge must be carried out. The cable tension of the cable-stayed bridge and the elevation of the main beam are very difficult to be controlled effectively by the previous control methods. In this paper, Kalman's filtering method has been used in the construction control for cable replacement combined with the cable replacement project of Jiao-Ping Du cable-stayed bridge. The results showed that the cable tension of the cable-stayed bridge was 2926kN littler than the design cable tension after changing the cable of this bridge. The error was less than 3%. In addition, the maximum error between the elevation of the main beam and the design elevation was 5 mm. These all accorded with the requirements of the construction control. And the line shape of the bridge has been optimized after the cable replacement. Therefore kalman's filtering method can be used in construction control for cable replacement of the cable-stayed bridge.
Luteal phase defect: comparison between Doppler velocimetry, histological and hormonal markers

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between the ultrasonographic appearance of the endometrium, histological dating by biopsy, hormonal profile and impedance within the segmental uterine and ovarian circulation for assessment of luteal phase function. A total of 61 infertile patients undergoing endometrial biopsy were studied by transvaginal B‐mode and color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Uterine, radial, spiral, ovarian and intraovarian artery impedance throughout the natural ovarian cycle were related to histological and hormonal markers of uterine receptivity. Plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol were measured on cycle days 5 and 10 and measurements were continued daily until the detection of the LH surge. Endometrial biopsy was performed 7 days after ultrasonically and hormonally detected ovulation. Progesterone levels were evaluated on the day of endometrial biopsy and 3 days later. After all the data were collected, the patients were divided into two groups, according to the histopathology: 15 patients with normal endometrial dating and 43 patients with a delayed endometrial pattern (i.e. luteal phase defect). One patient with an asynchronous endometrium and two anovulatory subjects were excluded from further evaluation.
[Pharmacokinetics of colistin sulfate administered by intravenous and intramuscular routes in the calf].

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of an extemporaneous form of colistin sulfate in young calves were studied for a dosage of 25,000 IU.kg-1. The intravenous route (IV) is characterized by a 3-compartment model whose main parameters are: volume of distribution (1.02 l.kg), body clearance (0.15 l.h-1 kg-1) and mean residence time (3.87 h). By intramuscular route (IM), a mean serum peak of 37 IU.ml-1 was reached at a mean time of 0.5 h. The mean half-time of terminal phase (6.47 h) does not differ significantly from that of the intramuscular route (4.52 h). Absolute bioavailability calculated based on 4 calves was 109 +/- 28%. Repeated IM administrations seem to be adapted to maintain a bactericidal activity and to reduce risks of toxicity and neurological disorders (25,000 IU.kg-1) every 12 h over 3d.
Aging male's symptoms in a Southern Brazil population: lifestyle effects after the age of 40

Background. The interest of epidemiological research about male's aging increased in recent years along with the need to evaluate health-related quality of life. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to identify the prevalence of aging male's symptoms (AMS) and factors associated to this condition. Methods. The study included 421 men aged 40 years or older, living in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic, behavioral, and health variables, and to verify the aging male's symptoms, the AMS Scale was used. Results. Moderate/severe male's symptoms was considered positive (AMS scores equal or above 37 points) in 20% of men (95% CI 16.1; 24.3). After controlling for confounders, the AMS was significantly associated with aging, self-perceived health status and smoking. The symptoms were more severe among physically inactive men. Conclusions. Our findings support the necessity to maintain healthy behaviors like not smoking and regular physical activity since such changeable behaviors could reduce the AMS acceleration and increase life quality and expectancy.
Process development and coaxial sensing in fiber laser welding of 5754 Al-alloy

The use of Al-alloys is increasing in the automotive industry due to the pressing necessity to reduce weight and fuel consumption. Several parts concerning the car body are assembled through welding, where a high-quality seam is a key requirement. For this purpose, laser welding stands as an appealing option. On the other hand, laser welding of Al-alloys is a complex process due to the high reflectivity, reactivity, and crack susceptibility of these materials. In many cases, such issues limit the applicability of the autogeneous welding, which is an advantageous feature of laser welding. High-brilliance fiber lasers have been an enabling technology for improving the weldability of Al-alloys. However, laser welding of Al-alloys, especially in a lap-joint configuration, requires robust processing conditions able to maintain seam quality for each weld in high volumes even with part tolerances and tooling variability. Accordingly, this work discusses the process development and monitoring in laser welding of 5754 Al-alloy. In particular, the process was carried out in a double lap-joint configuration with 1 mm sheets, commonly used in automotive applications. A 3 kW fiber laser with in-source integrated monitoring capability was employed as the light source. The process feasibility zone was investigated as a function of laser power and welding speed, while the effect of focal position was investigated for the weld robustness. Weld seam types and defects were identified, as well as the monitoring signals associated light back-reflected from the process.The use of Al-alloys is increasing in the automotive industry due to the pressing necessity to reduce weight and fuel consumption. Several parts concerning the car body are assembled through welding, where a high-quality seam is a key requirement. For this purpose, laser welding stands as an appealing option. On the other hand, laser welding of Al-alloys is a complex process due to the high reflectivity, reactivity, and crack susceptibility of these materials. In many cases, such issues limit the applicability of the autogeneous welding, which is an advantageous feature of laser welding. High-brilliance fiber lasers have been an enabling technology for improving the weldability of Al-alloys. However, laser welding of Al-alloys, especially in a lap-joint configuration, requires robust processing conditions able to maintain seam quality for each weld in high volumes even with part tolerances and tooling variability. Accordingly, this work discusses the process development and monitoring in laser welding of .