Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ordinary or Peculiar Men? Comparing the Customers of Prostitutes With a Nationally Representative Sample of Men

Recent media attention implies that prostitution seeking is widespread, an “ordinary” aspect of masculine sexual behavior. Other accounts suggest that customers are “peculiar,” characterized by distinct qualities, perversions, or psychological impairments. Using the nationally representative General Social Survey (GSS), this study demonstrates that prostitution seeking is relatively uncommon. Only about 14% of men in the United States report having ever paid for sex, and only 1% report having done so during the previous year. Furthermore, this study dissects whether customers are ordinary or peculiar by comparing a new sample of active customers who solicit sex on the Internet with an older sample of arrested customers, a sample of customers from the GSS, and a nationally representative sample of noncustomers. The customers of Internet sexual service providers differed greatly from men in general and also from other customers. The remaining samples of customers differed slightly from noncustomers in general. We argue for a balanced perspective that recognizes the significant variety among customers. There is no evidence of a peculiar quality that differentiates customers in general from men who have not paid for sex.
A resource management framework for mixed-criticality embedded systems

Dynamic resource management enables a system to dynamically react to changing resource demands or resource availability. It enables better resource utilization, improved dependability, and the enabling of power-aware system behavior. This paper examines the application of dynamic resource management for an integrated time-triggered system architecture for embedded systems, which is designed to support mixed-criticality systems, i.e., systems integrating distributed application subsystems (DASs) with different dependability requirements on the same hardware platform. For such systems a vital characteristic is to achieve encapsulation of the hosted DASs and to provide mechanisms for fault-isolation. The key challenge addressed in this paper is to preserve these system characteristics despite the presence of dynamic resource allocation. To this end, a resource management framework is presented that provides static resource guarantees for DASs having higher dependability requirements, while facilitating efficient resource utilization for less critical DASs.
A 65 nm Embedded SRAM With Wafer Level Burn-In Mode, Leak-Bit Redundancy and Cu E-Trim Fuse for Known Good Die

We propose a wafer level burn-in (WLBI) mode, a leak-bit redundancy and a small, highly reliable Cu E-trim fuse repair for an embedded 6T-SRAM to achieve a known good die (KGD) SoC. We fabricated a 16 Mb SRAM with these techniques using 65 nm LSTP technology, and confirmed the efficient operations of these techniques. The WLBI mode enables simultaneous write operation for 6T-SRAM, and has no area penalty and a speed penalty of only 50 ps. The leak-bit redundancy for 6T-SRAM can reduce the infant mortality of the bare die, and improves the standby current distribution. The area penalty is less than 2%. The Cu E-trim fuse can be used beyond the 45 nm advanced process technology. The fuse requires no additional wafer process steps. Using only 1.2 V core transistors will allow CMOS technology scaling to enable fuse circuit size reduction. The trimming transistor is placed under the fuse due to there being no cracking around the trimmed position. We achieve the small fuse circuit size of 6 x 36 mum2 using 65 nm technology.
Estabilización de lodos municipales por digestión anerobia termófila: metodología de seguimiento de las bacterias metanógenas por PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) durante la adaptación de un inóculo mesófilo a las condiciones termófilas

Lucila Mendoza Sánchez Tesista de maestría. Coordinación Bioprocesos Ambientales, II-UNAM. Pasante de Maestría en Ciencias (Biología) UNAM. Francisco José Fernández Perrino Profesor titular C e Investigador. Tiempo completo. Departamento de Biotecnología de la División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Unidad Iztapalapa. 13 publicaciones en revistas internacionales. Un libro publicado y colaboración en dos libros. 3 publicaciones electrónicas. 1 patente. 5 publicaciones en congresos. Margarita E. Cisneros Ortíz Técnico Académico. Tiempo Completo. Coord. Bioprocesos Ambientales, II-UNAM. Adalberto Noyola Robles Investigador titular B. Tiempo completo II-UNAM. Coord. Bioprocesos Ambientales. 18 publicaciones en revistas internacionales, 16 en revistas nacionales, 16 capítulos en libros, 53 en memorias in extenso, 93 participaciones en congresos y simposios, 5 patentes, miembro de 7 asociaciones nacionales e internacionales relacionadas con tratamiento, calidad de agua y ambiente. Nathalie Cabirol Investigadora asociada C. Tiempo completo. Coord. Bioprocesos Ambientales, II-UNAM, 1999-a la fecha. 5 publicaciones en Revistas Internacionales.
A background calibration method for DAC mismatch correction in multibit sigma-delta modulators

A topology for the calibration of DAC errors in multibit sigma delta modulators is presented. The proposed technique enables the calibration to proceed in the background. In this technique, two DACs are used in a time-interleaved fashion. One DAC is calibrated at a time while the other is connected to the modulator. The technique is demonstrated by a design in UMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology which shows a very competitive figure of merit of 78fJ/Conv-Step. The extensive simulation results are presented to validate the results.
Conversion of Tyrosine Hydroxylase to Stable and Inactive Form by the End Products

Abstract: We have reported previously that tyrosine hydroxylase in the crude extract from rat striatum exists in the inactive form showing almost no activity at the physiological pH and that the inactive form is produced by the action of the end products of the enzyme, such as dopamine. The incubation of the enzyme with the end products resulted in not only the inactivation but also a remarkable itabilization of the enzyme. Catechols possessing amino groups but no negatively charged groups on the side chains (catecholamine‐type catechols) were effective at a concentration as low as 10‐7M both the inactivation and stabilization of the enzyme. In contrast, catechols not possessing positively or negatively charged side chains (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethylene‐glycol‐type catechols) were ineffective at a concentration of 10‐7M but effective at a concentration of 10‐6M for both the inactivation and stabilization. Catechols possessing negatively charged groups (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid‐type catechols) were ineffective even at a concentration of 1 0‐6M. Thus, the end products of tyrosine hydroxylase appear to serve to keep the enzyme inactive and stable. The reaction mechanism of the conversion of the enzyme from the active/ labile form to the inactive/stable form by dopamine was also investigated.
Occupational injury among full-time, part-time and casual health care workers.

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have conflicting suggestions on the association of occupational injury risks with employment category across industries. This specific issue has not been examined for direct patient care occupations in the health care sector. AIMS To investigate whether work-related injury rates differ by employment category (part time, full time or casual) for registered nurses (RNs) in acute care and care aides (CAs) in long-term facilities. METHODS Incidents of occupational injury resulting in compensated time loss from work, over a 1-year period within three health regions in British Columbia (BC), Canada, were extracted from a standardized operational database. Detailed analysis was conducted using Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS Among 8640 RNs in acute care, 37% worked full time, 24% part time and 25% casual. The overall rates of injuries were 7.4, 5.3 and 5.5 per 100 person-years, respectively. Among the 2967 CAs in long-term care, 30% worked full time, 20% part time and 40% casual. The overall rates of injuries were 25.8, 22.9 and 18.1 per 100 person-years, respectively. In multivariate models, having adjusted for age, gender, facility and health region, full-time RNs had significantly higher risk of sustaining injuries compared to part-time and casual workers. For CAs, full-time workers had significantly higher risk of sustaining injuries compared to casual workers. CONCLUSIONS Full-time direct patient care occupations have greater risk of injury compared to part-time and casual workers within the health care sector.
ESINVM 3 D : A 3 D resistivity inversion package

We have developed an open source 3D, MATLAB based, resistivity inversion package. The forward solution to the governing partial differential equation is efficiently computed using a second-order finite volume discretization coupled with a preconditioned, biconjugate, stabilized gradient algorithm. Using the analytical solution to a potential field in a homogeneous half space, we evaluate the accuracy of our numerical forward solution and, subsequently, develop a source correction factor that reduces forward modeling errors associated with boundary effects and source electrode singularities. For the inversion algorithm we have implemented an inexact Gauss-Newton solver, with the model update being calculated using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. The inversion uses a combination of zero and first order Tikhonov regularization. Two synthetic examples demonstrate the usefulness of this code. The first example considers a surface resistivity survey with 3813 measurements. The discretized model space contains 19,040 cells. For this example, the inversion package converges in approximately 25 minutes on a 2.8 Ghz Pentium 4, with 4 Gb of RAM. The second example considers the case of borehole based data acquisition. For this example there were 4704 measurements and 13,200 model cells. The inversion for this example requires 20 minutes of computational time.
Effect of rurality on patients' satisfaction with out of hours care provided by a family doctor cooperative.

INTRODUCTION Reacting to demand and supply pressures, European healthcare systems are undergoing significant structural changes to the organisation and delivery of out of hours care. Such pressures are of particular concern to rural practice. Although patient satisfaction with out of hours care has been extensively studied, the effect of rurality on satisfaction levels has not, to our knowledge, been previously examined. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether rurality has an influence on patient satisfaction with out of hours care provided by a family doctor co-operative. METHODS All patients contacting the service over a designated 24-day period were forwarded a postal questionnaire. Patients' satisfaction was measured using a version of the McKinley questionnaire, and rurality, by subjective patient assessment, distance from treatment centre or previous rota cover. RESULTS The response rate was 55% (531/966). Overall satisfaction levels were high with 88% of patients rating the service as either good or excellent. 47.8% of respondents perceived themselves as living in a town, 14.6% as living in a village, and 37.6% as living in the countryside. Perceived rurality, distance from treatment centre or previous rota cover did not significantly affect satisfaction levels. CONCLUSIONS Family doctor co-operatives have significantly altered the way out of hours care is delivered. Patients from rural areas are equally satisfied with the provision of out of hours care by co-operatives, as urban patients. Extension of co-operatives to rural areas need not be constrained by concerns regarding decreased patient satisfaction.
Advances in musculoskeletal MRI: Technical considerations

The technology of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advancing at a dramatic rate. MRI is now done at medium and higher field strengths with more specialized surface coils and with more variable pulse sequences and postprocessing techniques than ever before. These innumerable technical advances are advantageous as they lead to an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio and increased variety of soft‐tissue contrast options. However, at the same time they potentially produce more imaging artifacts when compared with past techniques. Substantial technical advances have considerable clinical challenges in musculoskeletal radiology such as postoperative patient imaging, cartilage mapping, and molecular imaging. In this review we consider technical advances in hardware and software of musculoskeletal MRI along with their clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:775–787. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of individual, collective and structural Sensemaking on the usefulness of business intelligence data

The aim of this paper is to discuss how individual, collective and structural sensemaking influences the use of Business Intelligence in decision-making. Building on previous research we explore three patterns of sensemaking, individual, collective and structural. From this examine the impact these patterns have on Business Intelligence. Specifically we found that existing patterns of sensemaking hindered the data quality of the BI system because of how key people made sense of their work. We argue that because there was divergence in sensemaking patterns in the social systems, the data collected may not represent a true picture of ‘business intelligence’. We discuss the outcomes of a work in progress case study.
Microfluidic device for chemical and mechanical manipulation of suspended cells

Microfluidic devices have proven to be useful and versatile for cell studies. We here report on a method to adapt microfluidic stickers made from UV-curable optical adhesive with inserted permeable hydrogel membrane micro-windows for mechanical studies of suspended cells. The windows were fabricated by optical projection lithography using scanning confocal microscopy. The device allows us to rapidly exchange embedding medium while observing and probing the cells. We characterize the device and demonstrate the function by exposing cultured fibroblasts to varying osmotic conditions. Cells can be shrunk reversibly under osmotic compression.
Querying Streaming XML Using Visibly Pushdown Automata

We present a novel solution to streaming XPath query evaluation, capable of supporting forward and reverse axes queries. We show a conversion of an XPath query to a Visibly Pushdown Automaton that preserves the semantics of the query. It was shown in [1] that such a construction results in an automation suitable for efficient streaming query evaluation. We also show that the constructed automaton is polynomial in size of the query when negated predicates are disallowed.
Coupling of vasopressin‐induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and apical exocytosis in perfused rat kidney collecting duct

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates the osmotic water permeability of the kidney collecting duct by inducing exocytotic insertion of aquaporin‐2 into apical membrane. The coupling between AVP‐induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and apical exocytosis was investigated in isolated perfused rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) segments using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Changes of [Ca2+]i in IMCD cells were measured with fluo‐4. A novel confocal imaging technique using a styryl dye, FM1‐43, was developed to monitor real‐time exocytosis induced by arginine vasopressin. AVP (0.1 nm) triggered a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i in IMCD cells, followed by sustained oscillations. Ratiometric measurement of [Ca2+]i confirmed that the observed [Ca2+]i oscillation was a primary event and was not secondary to changes in cell volume. The frequencies of [Ca2+]i oscillations in each IMCD cell were independent and time variant. 1‐Deamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin (a V2 receptor agonist, 0.1 nm) simulated the effects of AVP by triggering [Ca2+]i oscillations. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, ryanodine (0.1 mm) inhibited AVP‐induced Ca2+ mobilization. AVP (0.1 nm) triggered accumulative apical exocytosis in IMCD cells within 20 s after application. Pre‐incubating the IMCD with an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA, prevented AVP‐induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, apical exocytosis, and increase of osmotic water permeability. These results indicate that AVP, via the V2 receptor, triggers a calcium signalling cascade observed as [Ca2+]i oscillations in the IMCD and that intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is required for exocytotic insertion of aquaporin‐2.
Increased cyclin D1 in vulnerable neurons in the hippocampus after ischaemia and epilepsy: a modulator of in vivo programmed cell death?

Several observations suggest that delayed neuronal death in ischaemia, epilepsy and other brain disorders includes an apoptotic component, involving programmed cell death (PCD). PCD is hypothesized to result, in part, from aberrant control of the cell cycle. Because they are instrumental in mitosis, cyclins D are key markers to evaluate whether neurons indeed progress into the cell cycle in situations of pathology. Therefore, we investigated in rat brains, the expression of cyclins D in the delayed neuronal death that occurs following transient global ischaemia and kainate‐induced seizures. Following a four‐vessel occlusion insult, quantitative in situ hybridization revealed a highly significant and persistent 100% increase of cyclin D1 mRNA in the vulnerable pyramidal neurons of the CA1 hippocampal region. Ischaemia also induced a smaller and transient cyclin D1 mRNA increase in the resistant CA3 area and dentate gyrus. In contrast, the cyclin D2 and D3 mRNAs, expressed constitutively in the adult rat hippocampus, were not upregulated. Following kainate‐induced seizures, cyclin D1 mRNA was induced in the vulnerable CA3 region, and to a lesser extent, in non‐vulnerable regions. Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry revealed increased protein levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons commited to die after ischaemia. Double labelling experiments indicate that cyclin D1 is also expressed in reactive astrocytes but not in microglial cells. Finally, we report that in neurons, cyclin D1 expression peaks before nuclear condensation and the appearance of DNA fragmentation. We propose that cyclin D1, when expressed at high levels in lesioned neurons, may act as a modulator of apoptosis.
The Development of an Instrument to Assess Cohesion in Sport Teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire

The purpose of this paper was fourfold. The first purpose was to demonstrate the need to develop an instrument to assess group cohesion while the second was to outline a conceptual model of group cohesion upon which such an instrument could be based. This model reflected four related constructs which were the a priori basis for developing a large item pool and initial versions of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The third purpose was to outline the four projects conducted to obtain construct-related information and to develop an initial version of the GEQ. The final purpose was to outline the two reliability and validity studies conducted with two different sport team samples. The results of these studies revealed that an 18-item version of the GEQ was internally consistent, reliable across studies, and content valid. Factor analyses with oblique rotation revealed preliminary evidence for construct validity. The GEQ is comprised of four scales reflecting the constructs of group integration-task,.
Seeing is believing: The impact of electron microscopy on autophagy research

Autophagy was first discovered by transmission electron microscopy more than 50 years ago. For decades, electron microscopy was the only way to reliably detect autophagic compartments in cells because no specific protein markers were known. In the 1970s, however, the introduction of biochemical methods enabled quantitative studies of autophagic-lysosomal degradation, and in the 1980s specific biochemical assays for autophagic sequestration became available. Since the identification of autophagy-related genes in the 1990s, combined fluorescence microscopy, biochemical and genetic methods have taken the leading role in autophagy research. However, electron microscopy is still needed to confirm and verify results obtained by other methods, and also to produce novel knowledge that would not be achievable by any other experimental approach. Confocal microscopy, with its ever-improving resolution, is probably the best-suited morphological approach to investigate the dynamic aspects of autophagy. However, for analyzing the ultrastructural details of the many novel organelles and mechanisms involved in specific subtypes of autophagy, the electron microscope is still indispensable. This review will summarize the impact that electron microscopy has had on autophagy research since the discovery of this self-degradation process in the mid-1950s. Astonishingly, some of the “novel” concepts and principles of autophagy, presented in the recent studies, were already proposed several decades ago by the pioneering, accurate and passionate work of virtuoso electron microscopists.
1 TIME USE AND FOOD TAXATION IN SPAIN *

We evaluate the welfare impact of changing VAT on food in a context in which households can produce home meals for own consumption that compete with meals served in restaurants. Home production of meals requires the combination of food and time inputs. The fiscal treatment in home production of both the inputs and the final product differs from market production of meals, generating different channels of inefficiency. We calibrate a simple general equilibrium model for the Spanish economy which identifies three types of consumers according to their income and simulate the effects of some experiments related to how food is taxed. The results suggest that if we focus only on aggregate welfare, the model fails to capture important distributional issues. We also present some caveats to previous simulation results on aggregate welfare that are related to the importance of the elasticity of substitution between food and time in the household production of meals. JEL: C68, H21, H22, D13
Wisconsin's BadgerCare Plus reform: impact on low-income families' enrollment and retention in public coverage.

OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of a Wisconsin health care reform enacted in early 2008 on public insurance enrollment and retention. DATA SOURCES Administrative data covering the period January 2007 to November 2009. STUDY DESIGN We calculate unadjusted enrollment trends and exit rates stratified by age, income group, and enrollment mode. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models are estimated to assess the impact of the reform on program exits. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Overall enrollment increased by approximately one-third and exit rates decreased by approximately one-fifth. The majority of new enrollment came from the previously income eligible. CONCLUSIONS Wisconsin's enactment of eligibility expansions coupled with administrative simplification and targeted marketing and outreach efforts were successful in enrolling and retaining low-income children and families in public coverage.
Muscle activation and heart rate responses to a side‐step interval exercise

The side‐step test is commonly used to assess agility. Side‐step interval exercise may also be a potential way to improve cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. However, the acute heart rate and muscle activation response to this type of exercise is not well established. In addition, different tempos can influence these responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute heart rate and muscle activation responses of a side‐step interval exercise to different exercise tempos.