Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecularassessmentofcomplexmicrobial communitiesdegrading long chain fattyacids inmethanogenic bioreactors

Microbial diversity of anaerobic sludge after extended contact with long chain fatty acids (LCFA) was studied using molecular approaches. Samples containing high amounts of accumulated LCFA were obtained after continuous loading of two bioreactors with oleate or with palmitate. These sludge samples were then incubated in batch assays to allow degradation of the biomass-associated LCFA. In addition, sludge used as inoculum for the reactors was also characterized. Predominant phylotypes of the different samples were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. Fingerprinting analysis showed changes in bacterial and archaeal communities during LCFA accumulation and degradation. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of 22 clones, representing the predominant bacteria and archaea, were determined. Most bacterial clones (80%) clustered within the Clostridiaceae. Two major groups of methanogens were identified: hydrogenand formate-utilizing organisms, closely related to Methanobacterium, and acetoclastic organisms closely related to Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina. Quantification by FISH and real-time PCR showed that the relative abundance of archaea increased during degradation of biomass-accumulated LCFA. These results provide insight into the importance and dynamics of balanced communities of bacteria and methanogens in LCFAaccumulation/degradation cycles.
Contact Line Dynamics on Heterogeneous Substrates

Fluid interfaces in contact with solid substrates play an important role in fields ranging from microfluidics, over oil recovery and inkjet printing to coating processes. Effective models for the static wetting of structured substrates exist, as models for the dynamics of a fluid interface moving over a molecularly uniform and flat substrate. In the present work, the effect of a periodically varying wetting energy on the dynamics of contact lines is studied. To study the static configurations, a minimisation approach for the free energy and continuation methods are employed. The dynamics of the free interface flow are modeled in the Stokes limit using boundary element methods. This is complemented by simulations of a simplified system in the form of the thin film model. First, the effect of surface heterogeneities on a contact line driven with a constant velocity is addressed. A connection between the motion of the contact line over the substrate and the macroscopic contact angle is observed. To get a better understanding of the response of the fluid interface to the variation of the contact angle, a time periodic variation of the contact angle is introduced. This allows to characterise the displacement of the contact line depending on the driving frequency and slip in the system. Based on the observed response of the fluid interface, a mode expansion model is proposed to give a simplified description for the motion of the contact line. The basic assumption is that there is no distinction between the response of the interface to a non-sinusoidal variation of the contact angle with time and the response to the contact angle determined by the current position of the contact line. This is followed by a study on the motion of a droplet driven over a heterogeneous substrate with a constant body force. There, the effect of the amplitude and characteristic length scale of the heterogeneity on the possible droplet configurations is studied. It continues with a study of the depinning process and dynamics of the depinned droplets. In the limit of high slip lengths, a coexistence of pinned and depinned droplets was observed. To understand the mechanism underlying this transition, a simplified model based on the translation and deformation mode of the droplet is considered. The model shows how the varying mobility ratio of these two modes allows for a change in the observed bifurcation scenario.
A Fast Approach for Pixelwise Labeling of Facade Images

Facade classification is an important subtask for automatically building large 3d city models. In the following we present an approach for pixel wise labeling of facade images using an efficient Randomized Decision Forest classifier and robust local color features. Experiments are performed with a popular facade dataset and a new demanding dataset of pixel wise labeled images from the Label Me project. Our method achieves high recognition rates and is significantly faster for training and testing than other Methods based on expensive feature transformation techniques.
A hybrid anomaly detection model using G-LDA

Anomaly detection is one of the important challenges of network security associated today. We present a novel hybrid technique called G-LDA to identify the anomalies in network traffic. We propose a hybrid technique integrating Latent Dirichlet Allocation and genetic algorithm namely the G-LDA process. Furthermore, feature selection plays an important role in identifying the subset of attributes for determining the anomaly packets. The proposed method is evaluated by carrying out experiments on KDDCUP'99 dataset. The experimental results reveal that the hybrid technique has a better accuracy for detecting known and unknown attacks and a low false positive rate.
Uptake of IgG in osteosarcoma correlates inversely with interstitial fluid pressure, but not with interstitial constituents

The uptake of therapeutic macromolecules in solid tumours is assumed to be hindered by the heterogeneous vascular network, the high interstitial fluid pressure, and the extracellular matrix. To study the impact of these factors, we measured the uptake of fluorochrome-labelled IgG using confocal laser scanning microscopy, interstitial fluid pressure by the ‘wick-in-needle’ technique, vascular structure by stereological analysis, and the content of the extracellular matrix constituents collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronan by colourimetric assays. The impact of the microenvironment on these factors was studied using osteosarcomas implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically around the femur in athymic mice. The uptake of IgG was found to correlate inversely with the interstitial fluid pressure and the tumour volume in orthotopic, but not subcutaneous tumours. No correlation was found between IgG uptake and the level of any of the extracellular matrix constituents. The content of both collagen and glycosaminoglycans depended on the site of tumour growth. The orthotopic tumours had a higher vascular density than the subcutaneous tumours, as the vascular surface and length were 2–3-fold higher. The data indicate that the interstitial fluid pressure is a dominant factor in controlling the uptake of macromolecules in solid tumours; and the site of tumour growth is important for the uptake of macromolecules in small tumours, extracellular matrix content and vascularization. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Measurement of transverse strains with fiber Bragg gratings

In this paper, we present a method to measure two components of transverse strain in an optical fiber using a single Bragg grating written into high-birefringent, polarization- maintaining (PM) fiber. The reflected spectrum from this grating contains two peaks corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the fiber. If the axial strain and temperature in the fiber is known, then two components of transverse strain can be computed from the changes in wavelength of the two peaks. A Bragg grating written near 1300 nm in PM fiber was loaded in diametrical compression, and the changes in wavelength of the Bragg peaks were monitored using an optical spectrum analyzer. Transverse strains were computed from the changes in wavelength using available strain-optic coefficients for low-birefringent optical fiber. These strains are compared to finite element analysis predictions, and it is shown that the observed sensor response is greater than the response predicted by the low-birefringent analysis. A calibration factor is developed for the sensor to allow the determination of transverse strains from the measured wavelength shifts.
The Effect of Consuming Instant Black Tea on Postprandial Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Healthy Humans

Objective: To determine the effects of black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans in response to an oral glucose load. Methods: A four-way randomised, crossover trial was designed in which 16 healthy fasted subjects would consume 75g of glucose in either 250ml of water (control), 250ml of water plus 0.052g of caffeine (positive control) or 250 ml of water plus 1.0g or 3.0g of instant black tea. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at 30min intervals for 150min from commencement of drink ingestion. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured using standard methodology. The tea was chemically characterised using colorimetric and HPLC methods. Results: Chemical analysis showed that the tea was rich in polyphenolic compounds (total, 350mg/g). Results from only 3 treatment arms are reported because the 3.0g tea drink caused gastrointestinal symptoms. Plasma glucose concentrations <60min in response to the drinks were similar, but were significantly reduced at 120min (P<0.01), following ingestion of the 1.0g tea drink, relative to the control and caffeine drinks. Tea consumption resulted in elevated insulin concentrations compared with the control and caffeine drinks at 90min (P<0.01) and compared with caffeine drink alone at 150min (P<0.01). Conclusions: The 1.0g tea drink reduced the late phase plasma glucose response in healthy humans with a corresponding increase in insulin. This may indicate that the attenuation in postprandial glycemia was achieved as a result of an elevated insulin response following stimulation of pancreatic β-cells. This effect may be attributable to the presence of phenolic compounds in the tea
Inkjet Printing of Polymer Micro‐Arrays and Libraries: Instrumentation, Requirements, and Perspectives

This article reviews commercially available instrumentation for inkjet printing of polymer micro-arrays for combinatorial materials research, and requirements thereof. These include a print head positioning accuracy better than 10 μm and a minimum drop volume of 100 pL. Commercially available instruments that fulfill these requirements can be divided into two categories, depending on whether they receive ink from a reservoir (dispense mode) or through fluid aspiration (pipette mode). Instruments belonging to the first category are restricted to the preparation of polymer blend micro-arrays. These consist of a few substances mixed in various ratios. The other instruments can be used for the preparation of both micro-arrays of large numbers of different pure polymer compounds and polymer blend micro-arrays. Moreover, ways to mix compounds are discussed.
Learning Research Methods and Processes via Sharing Experience in a BLOG

The goal is to increase knowledge about different research methods that have been employed in the information technology field by supporting the information exchange, collaboration, and cooperation between researchers. Well-designed, well-told stories can help others learn from past situations to respond more effectively in future situation. A blog is presented where PhD students and researchers are invited to collaborate by providing their stories, reading and commenting existing stories. This infrastructure allows researchers and PhD students to write the contents posing questions and finding answers on the relationship between research process and research results.
Synchronisation and coupling analysis: Applied cardiovascular physics in sleep medicine

Sleep is a physiological process with an internal program of a number of well defined sleep stages and intermediate wakefulness periods. The sleep stages modulate the autonomous nervous system and thereby the sleep stages are accompanied by different regulation regimes for the cardiovascular and respiratory system. The differences in regulation can be distinguished by new techniques of cardiovascular physics. The number of patients suffering from sleep disorders increases unproportionally with the increase of the human population and aging, leading to very high expenses in the public health system. Therefore, the challenge of cardiovascular physics is to develop highly-sophisticated methods which are able to, on the one hand, supplement and replace expensive medical devices and, on the other hand, improve the medical diagnostics with decreasing the patient's risk. Methods of cardiovascular physics are used to analyze heart rate, blood pressure and respiration to detect changes of the autonomous nervous system in different diseases. Data driven modeling analysis, synchronization and coupling analysis and their applications to biosignals in healthy subjects and patients with different sleep disorders are presented. Newly derived methods of cardiovascular physics can help to find indicators for these health risks.
Full-Genome Sequences of Influenza H3N2 Virus Strains Isolated from Finnish Patients during the 2012-2013 Epidemic Season

ABSTRACT Here, we sequenced 10 influenza A(H3N2) virus genomes isolated from Finnish patients diagnosed with flu-like illness during the 2012-2013 influenza season. The alignment showed a high number of amino acid substitutions (238 in total) in only 10 samples, proving that a high mutation rate exists in seasonal influenza A viruses.
Spin-Transistor Electronics: An Overview and Outlook

Spin transistors are a new concept device that unites an ordinary transistor with the useful functions of a spin (magnetoresistive) device. They are expected to be a building block for novel integrated circuits employing spin degrees of freedom. The interesting features of spin transistors are nonvolatile information storage and reconfigurable output characteristics: these are very useful and suitable functionalities for various new integrated circuit architectures that are inaccessible to ordinary transistor circuits. This article reviews the current status and outlook of spin transistors from the viewpoint of integrated circuit applications. The device structure, operating principle, performance, and features of various spin transistors are discussed. The fundamental and key phenomena/technologies for spin injection, transport, and manipulation in semiconductors and the integrated circuit applications of spin transistors to nonvolatile logic and reconfigurable logic are also described.
FEM modeling of rebar corrosion - numerical verification of experimental research

The paper presents the experimental verification of concrete cover splitting time theory based on the multicomponent media approach and FEM. The results of computer analysis are compared with the experiment presented in the work of Youping Liu [15]. The solid model of the structure analyzed in the paper [15] has been made. The problem has been analyzed by using the program for the elastic plastic analysis with distortions by using FEM.
Neuroinflammation triggered by β-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS axon regeneration

Significance Damage to neuronal networks in the central nervous system typically results in permanent functional deficits; however, the regenerative capacity of injured neurons can be dramatically augmented by local innate immune responses. Here we investigated the molecular and cellular events that participate in immune-mediated repair of severed optic nerve axons in the mouse. We show that intraocular administration of particulate β-glucan engages the immune receptor dectin-1 expressed on retina-resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes, to trigger enhanced axonal regeneration. Delayed administration of β-glucan by two days is as effective as administration at the time of injury, suggesting a large therapeutic window. These data elucidate a new pathway of immune-mediated neural repair that may be targeted to reverse neurological disability. Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intravitreal accumulation of blood-derived myeloid cells. However, when combined with retro-orbital optic nerve crush injury, lengthy growth of severed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons occurs only in zymosan-injected mice, and not in LPS-injected mice. In mice deficient for the pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 but not Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), zymosan-mediated RGC regeneration is greatly reduced. The combined loss of dectin-1 and TLR2 completely blocks the proregenerative effects of zymosan. In the retina, dectin-1 is expressed by microglia and dendritic cells, but not by RGCs. Dectin-1 is also present on blood-derived myeloid cells that accumulate in the vitreous. Intraocular injection of the dectin-1 ligand curdlan [a particulate form of β(1, 3)-glucan] promotes optic nerve regeneration comparable to zymosan in WT mice, but not in dectin-1−/− mice. Particulate β(1, 3)-glucan leads to increased Erk1/2 MAP-kinase signaling and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation in myeloid cells in vivo. Loss of the dectin-1 downstream effector caspase recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) blocks CREB activation and attenuates the axon-regenerative effects of β(1, 3)-glucan. Studies with dectin-1−/−/WT reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice revealed a requirement for dectin-1 in both retina-resident immune cells and bone marrow-derived cells for β(1, 3)-glucan–elicited optic nerve regeneration. Collectively, these studies identify a molecular framework of how innate immunity enables repair of injured central nervous system neurons.
FBK: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter with Tweetsted

This paper presents the Tweetsted system implemented for the SemEval 2013 task on Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. In particular, we participated in Task B on Message Polarity Classification in the Constrained setting. The approach is based on the exploitation of various resources such as SentiWordNet and LIWC. Official results show that our approach yields a F-score of 0.5976 for Twitter messages (11th out of 35) and a F-score of 0.5487 for SMS messages (8th out of 28 participants).
Effects of Joint Width on Strength, Stress-Strain Curve and Strain Localization of Rock Mass in Uniaxial Plane Strain Compression

Effects of joint width (JW) on the macroscopic stress-strain curve, the failure process and mode of jointed rock specimen (JRS) in plane strain compression are modeled by use of FLAC. The failure criterion of intact rock outside the inclined joint is a composite Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off and the linear strain-softening post-peak constitutive relation is adopted. The joint is treated as quadrate elements of ideal plastic material beyond the peak strength. A written FISH function is used to automatically find elements in the joint. Numerical results show that the peak strength of JRS depends on JW and is lower than that of intact rock specimen without joint. For JRS, the shear strains are concentrated into the joint or the new generated shear bands (NGSBs); the peak strength decreases with an increase of JW. At lower or higher joint inclination angle (JIA), the failure mode and pattern of NGSBs are not related to JW. The post-peak response becomes ductile at wider JW and higher JIA. The post-peak slope of stress-strain curve at lower JIA is not dependent on JW since the width and inclination angle of NGSBs are not affected by JW.
Active 3D shape acquisition using smartphones

In this paper, we propose an active 3D shape acquisition method based on photometric stereo using smartphone's camera and flash. A pair of smartphones collaborates as the master and slave, in which the slave projects illumination from different locations while the master captures the images and processes photometric stereo algorithm to reconstruct 3D shape. In order to reduce the error, the smart-phone's camera is calibrated to overcome the effect of lens distortion and nonlinear camera sensor response. We apply SURF feature matching and five-point algorithm to estimate the relative pose between the master and slave smart-phones. Then the lighting direction is estimated to run photometric stereo algorithm. All procedures are implemented on an off-the-shelf smartphone. Experimental result shows that the proposed system enables us to use smartphone as a 3D shape capturing device with low cost and reasonable quality.
An optimal technology mapping algorithm for delay optimization in lookup-table based FPGA designs

Presents a polynomial time technology mapping algorithm, called Flow-Map, that optimally solves the lookup-table (LUT)-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology mapping problem for depth minimization for general Boolean networks. This theoretical breakthrough makes a sharp contrast with the fact that the conventional technology mapping problem in library-based designs is NP-hard. A key step in Flow-Map is to compute a minimum height K-feasible cut in a network, solved by network flow computation. The algorithm also effectively minimizes the number of LUTs by maximizing the volume of each cut and by several postprocessing operations. The Flow-Map algorithm was tested on a a set of benchmarks and achieved reductions of both the network depth and the number of LUTs in mapping solutions as compared with previous algorithms. <<ETX>>
The properties of polyolefins modified with PET powder

The polyolefin and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) products are the mostly current communal waste materials. The waste polymeric materials are generally difficult to separate, and therefore a processing of nonseparated materials presents an interesting alternative suggestion. The aim of our work was to analyze the possibility of reprocessing of polyolefins by a relative low temperature, and to study the effect of addition of PET solid powder on processing and application properties. The results of our investigations allow to conclude that the solid PET powder may play a role of a heterogeneous nucleator, acting as an α-phase promoter of an isotactic polypropylene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008