Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal Antibody Therapies against Anthrax

Anthrax is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It not only causes natural infection in humans but also poses a great threat as an emerging bioterror agent. The lethality of anthrax is primarily attributed to the two major virulence factors: toxins and capsule. An extensive effort has been made to generate therapeutically useful monoclonal antibodies to each of the virulence components: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF), and the capsule of B. anthracis. This review summarizes the current status of anti-anthrax mAb development and argues for the potential therapeutic advantage of a cocktail of mAbs that recognize different epitopes or different virulence factors.
Early defect identification of semiconductor processes using machine learning

Early wafer defect identification can account for significant savings in test time and assist in improving the fabrication process. Defect measurements with exhaustive parametric structures can be extremely costly and prohibitive. Embedded rapid parametric data collection, using VCOs, has been added to the chip design, at the cost of semiconductor real estate. So far the data has been considered too noisy and unreliable to draw conclusions off of. Using machine learning, models can be generated, which allow for proper classification of chip quality. This paper presents a method of applied machine learning to take advantage of this data.
Exploring EFL Learners' Beliefs toward Communicative Language Teaching: A Case Study of Iranian EFL Learners

Although Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been widely advocated by a considerable number of applied linguists and English language teachers, its implementation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts has encountered a number of difficulties. Reviewing the literature suggests that one of the reasons for unsuccessful implementation of CLT may be neglect of learners' beliefs in the process of learning. Using a Likert-type scale, the current study was undertaken to explore 242 Iranian EFL learners' beliefs towards six core tenets of the CLT approach: namely, the importance of grammar; the use of group work and pair work; the role and contribution of the learners; the role of the teachers in the classroom; the quality and quantity of error correction and assessment; and the role of the learners' native language in EFL classes. Analysis of the data revealed that although in some cases learners had viewpoints that opposed CLT principles, a considerable percentage of the respondents appreciated and had a high perception of CLT principles, indicating a welcoming atmosphere toward the implementation of CLT in Iran.
Non-hierarchical document clustering using the ICL distribution array processor

This paper considers the suitability and efficiency of a highly parallel computer, the ICL Distributed Array Processor (DAP), for document clustering. Algorithms are described for the implementation of the single-pass and reallocation clustering methods on the DAP and on a conventional mainframe computer. These methods are used to classify the Cranfield, Vaswani and UKCIS document test collections. The results suggest that the parallel architecture of the DAP is not well suited to the variable-length records which characterise bibliographic data.
Child Maltreatment, Behavior Problems, and Neurocognition: Main and Mediation Effects

Child maltreatment, especially physical abuse, is highly prevalent in Mainland China and has been associated with childhood behavior problems. Nevertheless, pooled relationships between three types of child maltreatment (physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and childhood behavior problems in Chinese studies have not been examined using a meta-analytic approach. The neurocognitive underpinnings of these relationships remain poorly understood. Also, the possible link that neurocognitive dysfunction and BP may predispose children to high risk of physical abuse is under-investigated. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the interrelations among child maltreatment, childhood behavior problems, and neurocognition. Chapter 2 is a meta-analysis that examined the pooled effect sizes of relationships between the three types of child maltreatment and behavior problems in Mainland China. Built on findings from the meta-analysis, Chapter 3 tested the mediating effect of neurocognition, measured by P300 event-related potential in the relationship between physical abuse and externalizing behaviors. As a different line of inquiry, Chapter 4 tested the risk effects of neurocognition measured by IQ and behavior problems on the likelihood of physical abuse. Chapters 3 and 4 applied secondary analysis of existing data collected from the China Jintan Child Cohort Study. The meta-analysis in Chapter 2 found that physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect related to a spectrum of behavior problems with approximately equal small-to-moderate effect sizes. Findings in Chapter 3 further indicated that P300 amplitude to novel stimuli mediated the relationship between maternal physical abuse and self-report externalizing behaviors. The sub-study in Chapter 4 found that child externalizing behaviors reported by mother and teacher increased the risks of physical abuse, whereas child-report externalizing behavior or mother-report internalizing behaviors related to decreased risks of physical abuse. This body of work provides a deeper understanding of the complex interrelations among child maltreatment, behavior problems, and neurocognition. Findings can inform tailored interventions to prevent child maltreatment and promote child behavioral and neurocognitive development. They also signify the urgency to build an effective child-protection system in Mainland China. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Nursing First Advisor Jianghong A. Liu This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/2243
A comparative study on user characteristics of fixed and wireless network based on DHCP

Internet is playing a more and more important role in today's society. Wireless network and mobile devices are becoming part of our lives. So it's significant to learn about the information of the users or network usage for both network researchers and managers of fixed/wireless network. Previous methods of user characterizing and network usage are mostly based on TCP traffic study. But when facing to a large amount of users, raw packet capturing and storing would be difficult. Also, there were previous methods researched the fixed network or wireless network, but a comparative study is hardly seen. So in this paper, we measured the large-scale fixed and wireless network of our campus via DHCP analysis. We analyzed the user behavior such as distribution of user online time, user count and join/leave time-stamps. We also studied about users' operating systems by introducing DHCP OS fingerprinting. We found some interesting results, which revealed the trend of mobile network and some challenges might be brought in.
Apolipoprotein C-III isofocusing in the diagnosis of genetic defects in O-glycan biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND Defects in the biosynthesis of N-glycans may be found by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of plasma transferrin. No test is available to demonstrate O-glycan biosynthesis defects. METHODS We used isoforms of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) as a marker for the biosynthesis of core 1 mucin type O-glycans. Plasma samples from patients with primary defects and secondary alterations in N-glycan biosynthesis were studied by apoC-III isofocusing. RESULTS Age-related reference values for apoC-III were determined. Plasma samples from patients with the primary congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) types Ia-Ic, Ie, If, IIa, and IId all showed a normal apoC-III isofocusing profile. Plasma from two patients with CDG type IIx were tested: one showed a normal apoC-III distribution, whereas the other showed a hypoglycosylation profile. In plasma from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a hypoglycosylation profile was obtained. CONCLUSIONS IEF of apoC-III is a rapid and simple technique that may be used as a screening assay for abnormalities in core 1 mucin type O-glycans. Evidence that a patient in this study has a primary genetic defect affecting both N- and O-glycosylation provides the first example of an inborn error of metabolism affecting the biosynthesis of core 1 mucin type O-glycans. Our data narrow the options for the position of the primary defect in this patient down to a step in the biosynthesis, activation, or transfer of galactose or N-acetylneuraminic acid to both N- and O-glycans. Circulating neuraminidase excreted by Streptococcus pneumoniae caused the high percentage of asialo apoC-III in two HUS patients.
“It’s More than Doing Sports Together, You Know. It’s Deeply Personal”: Preliminary Findings of an Ongoing Qualitative Study on the Relationships between Personal Fitness Trainers and Trainees

Training at the gym has become, without question, one of the most popular leisure pursuits in contemporary Western societies. In addition to conventional forms of fitness training with free weights, on machines or in exercise-to-music classes, more and more gym members decide to work out with a certified personal trainer on a one-to-one basis, often over long periods of time. The purpose of this ongoing study is to explore the relationship between personal fitness trainers and trainees with a focus on their subjective experiences. Eight semi-structured, indepth interviews were conducted so far and analysed through a thematic analysis. Two central themes have emerged from the data: First, the trainer-trainee relationship is for both sides more than a transactional event but an emotionally significant encounter. Second, trainees describe an occasional reversal of roles where they show interest in and concern about the trainer. Future research should account for possible gender differences, changes of relational dynamics over time and possible negative experiences of both trainers and trainees.
The relationship between dysfunctional schemata and outcomes from a pain management programme

Psychologists involved in the treatment of chronic pain have increasingly emphasised the importance of cognitive factors in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Turk and Rudy, 1992). Most pain management programmes (PMP's) incorporate a cognitive-behavioural component that, for example, teaches patients to identify thoughts the might lower mood, exacerbate their pain or interfere with their ability to engage in rehabilitative behaviours. These treatment elements are derived from the cognitive model of depression (Beck, 1967), which states that depressed mood is maintained by negative automatic thoughts that arise out of the patient's dysfunctional schemata. Schemata are cognitive structures that organise our beliefs, attitudes and assumptions, and help the individual to construe themselves and their world. Whilst there has been some research suggesting that dysfunctional schemata (those thought to be associated with poor psychological adjustment) can interfere with outcome in cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression (Jarrett, Eaves, Granneman and Rush, 1991) no similar research has been conducted examining their influence on outcome from a PMP. In this study, 66 patients, who were attending six consecutive pain management groups, were asked to complete two measures of dysfunctional schemata (the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Weissman, 1979 and the Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form, Young and Brown, 1999). These measures were supplemented by two sets of informant ratings (provided by a close friend or relative and by the psychologist leading the PMP) of the patient's schemata. Outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of the PMP included current pain intensity,
Nitel Düşünce ve Etnografi: Etnografik Yönteme Düşünsel Bir Yaklaşım

Bu yazida niteliksel dusuncenin ne oldugunu, nereden kaynaklandigini ve etnografi ile olan iliskisini irdelemeye calisacagim. “Bilgi”yi oznenin nesne ile kurdugu bagin urunu olarak kabul edersek, amacim, oznenin, yani arastirmacinin arastirma nesnesi ile bag kurmak icin kullandigi cikis noktasinin nesneyi anlamada ne kadar etkin oldugunu ortaya koymaktan ibarettir.
Psychosocial Determinants of Tobacco Use among School Going Adolescents in Delhi, India

Background. Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. Many psychosocial factors were found to influence tobacco use. Therefore the present study was designed to determine the role of psychosocial factors associated with tobacco use among school going adolescents in Delhi, India. Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to September 2013 in four government schools in South district of Delhi, India. The questionnaire contains questions adapted from GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) to find the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among adolescents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results. The prevalence of ever and current tobacco use was found in 16.4% and 13.1%. Current smoking and current tobacco chewing were found in 10.2% and 9.4% students, respectively. The risk of current tobacco use was found to be higher among males (P value = 0.000) and in those who got higher pocket money (P value = 0.000). Psychosocial factors like lower general self-efficacy and maladjustments with peers, teachers, and schools were also found to be significant predictors of current tobacco use. Conclusion. The study has revealed higher prevalence of ever and current tobacco use among adolescent students in Delhi, India.
Boundedness of the Riesz projection on spaces with weights

Let ∂D be the unit circle in the complex plane, define the function χ on ∂D by χ(eiθ) = eiθ, and set P = {p : p = ∑Nk=−N ckχ}. Let σ be normalized Lebesgue measure on ∂D. The Riesz projection P+ is defined on P by the formula P+( ∑N k=−N ckχ k) = ∑N k=0 ckχ k. In [4], Paul Koosis proved: Theorem 1 (Koosis). Given a non-negative function w ∈ L1, there exists a non-negative, non-trivial function v ∈ L1 such that ∫
A comparative evaluation of medium- and large-scale feature selectors for pattern classifiers

Needs of feature selection in medium and large problems increases in many fields including medical and image processing fields. Previous comparative studies of feature selection algorithms are not satisfactory in problem size and in criterion function. In addition, no way has not shown to compare algorithms with different objectives. In this study, we propose a unified way to compare a large variety of algorithms. Our results show that the sequential floating algorithms promises for up to medium problems and genetic algorithms for medium and large problems.
Botnet evolution: Network traffic indicators

In recent years, the HTTP has become dominant protocol among other protocols for the Internet services as it provides a set of rules to manage the data exchange between servers and browsers. On the other hand, this standard protocol has been widely used in the latest generation of botnets to establish their command and control channel and hide their malicious activities among normal Web traffic. Therefore, analyzing HTTP traffic has become a common method in current HTTP-based botnet detection studies. Since the HTTP botnets are a new phenomenon,they have not been fully explored yet. Therefore, in this paper we present an overview of the features and parameters that have been used in existing studies to detect HTTP botnets along with their shortcomings. We also propose a number of HTTP protocol characteristics that can be used for further botnet analysis and detection.
The Depth-Dependent Current and Wave Interaction Equations: A Revision

AbstractThis is a revision of a previous paper dealing with three-dimensional wave-current interactions. It is shown that the continuity and momentum equations in the absence of surface waves can include waves after the addition of three-dimensional radiation stress terms, a fairly simple alteration for numerical ocean circulation models. The velocity that varies on time and space scales, which are large compared to inverse wave frequency and wavenumber, is denoted by uα and, by convention, is called the “current. ” The Stokes drift is labeled uSα and the mean velocity is Uα ≡ uα + uSα. When vertically integrated, the results here are in agreement with past literature.Surface wind stress is empirical, but transfer of the stress into the water column is a function derived in this paper. The wave energy equation is derived, and terms such as the advective wave velocity are weighted vertical integrals of the mean velocity. The wave action equation is not an appropriate substitute for the wave energy equation .
Building Semantic Kernel for Persian Text Classification with a Small Amount of Training Data

The original idea of semantic kernels is to use semantic features instead of terms appeared in the text document. In this article, the documents are transformed into a new k-dimensional feature space by applying Singular Value Decomposition on the Term-Document matrix and extracting k eigenvectors with higher energy. The suggested semantic kernel causes severe reduction of dimensions which leads to two main conclusions. First, the computational complexity of the classifier is severely reduced. Second, the trained classifier has less sensitivity on the input terms; therefore, it can classify documents effectively. Experiments on Persian documents indicate the absolute superiority of the suggested semantic kernel in comparison to well-known vector space (Bag-of-Words) kernel, especially under the circumstances in which external semantic resources are not available and the amount of available training data is not sufficient
Capsaicin Regulates Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels by Altering Lipid Bilayer Elasticity

At submicromolar concentrations, capsaicin specifically activates the TRPV1 receptor involved in nociception. At micro- to millimolar concentrations, commonly used in clinical and in vitro studies, capsaicin also modulates the function of a large number of seemingly unrelated membrane proteins, many of which are similarly modulated by the capsaicin antagonist capsazepine. The mechanism(s) underlying this widespread regulation of protein function are not understood. We investigated whether capsaicin could regulate membrane protein function by changing the elasticity of the host lipid bilayer. This was done by studying capsaicin's effects on lipid bilayer stiffness, measured using gramicidin A (gA) channels as molecular force-transducers, and on voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSC) known to be regulated by bilayer elasticity. Capsaicin and capsazepine (10-100 μM) increase gA channel appearance rate and lifetime without measurably altering bilayer thickness or channel conductance, meaning that the changes in bilayer elasticity are sufficient to alter the conformation of an embedded protein. Capsaicin and capsazepine promote VDSC inactivation, similar to other amphiphiles that decrease bilayer stiffness, producing use-dependent current inhibition. For capsaicin, the quantitative relation between the decrease in bilayer stiffness and the hyperpolarizing shift in inactivation conforms to that previously found for other amphiphiles. Capsaicin's effects on gA channels and VDSC are similar to those of Triton X-100, although these amphiphiles promote opposite lipid monolayer curvature. We conclude that capsaicin can regulate VDSC function by altering bilayer elasticity. This mechanism may underlie the promiscuous regulation of membrane protein function by capsaicin and capsazepine—and by amphiphilic drugs generally.
Hypervirulent K. Pneumoniae Secretes More and More Active Iron-Acquisition Molecules than “Classical” K. Pneumoniae Thereby Enhancing its Virulence

Background A new hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) clinical variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) has emerged over the last decade. Our goal is to identify new mechanisms, which increase the virulence hvKP compared to “classic” K. pneumoniae (cKP). Methodology/Principal Findings Various growth assays were performed in human ascites, human serum, and laboratory medium with the hvKP strain hvKP1 (wt), randomly chosen blood isolates of cKP strains (cKP1-4), and mutant constructs deficient in the secretion of selected compounds. An in vivo mouse model that mimics infection due to hvKP and a quantitative siderophore assay were also used. It was established that a molecule(s)/factor(s) was secreted by hvKP1 significantly enhanced its growth and/or survival in human ascites. This molecule(s)/factor(s) also increased the growth and/or survival of hvKP1 in serum ex vivo and in an in vivo mouse model that measures metastatic spread after subcutaneous challenge, thereby further establishing biologic significance. Although features such as a size of <3kD, heat stability, and growth characteristics in ascites suggested this molecule(s) was a quorum-sensing compound, data presented demonstrates that this molecule(s)/factor(s) is involved in iron uptake and is likely a siderophore(s) or another iron-acquisition molecule. Although it is known that iron acquisition is critical for virulence, a novel aspect of this observation is that hvKP1 produces quantitatively more siderophores that appear to be biologically more active (increased affinity for iron or more resistant to host factors) than those produced by cKP strains. Conclusions/Significance The data presented delineates a new mechanism by which hvKP increases its pathogenic potential compared to cKP strains. This paradigm may be broadly applicable to other extraintestinal gram-negative bacilli.
Layout based frequency dependent inductance and resistance extraction for on-chip interconnect timing analysis

It is well understood that frequency independent lumped-element circuits can be used to accurately model proximity and skin effects in transmission lines. Furthermore, it is also understood that these circuits can be synthesized knowing only the high and the low frequency resistances and inductances. Existing VLSI extraction tools however, are not efficient enough to solve for the frequency dependent resistances and inductances on large VLSI layouts, nor do they synthesize circuits suitable for timing analysis. We propose a rules-based method that efficiently and accurately captures the high and low frequency characteristics directly from layout shapes, and subsequently synthesizes a simple frequency independent ladder circuit suitable for timing analysis. We compare our results to other simulation results.
Quantum Critical Point of Itinerant Antiferromagnet in the Heavy Fermion Ce(Ru1−xRhx)2Si2

A focus of recent experimental and theoretical studies on heavy fermion systems close to antiferromagnetic (AFM) quantum critical points (QCP) is directed toward revealing the nature of the fixed point, i.e., whether it is an itinerant antiferromagnet [spin density wave (SDW)] type or a locally‐critical fixed point. The relevance of the local QCP was proposed to explain the E/T‐scaling with an anomalous exponent observed for the AFM QCP of CeCu5.9Au0.1. In this work, we have investigated an AFM QCP of another archetypal heavy fermion system Ce(Ru1−xRhx)2Si2 with x = 0 and 0.03 ( xc) using single‐crystalline neutron scattering. Accurate measurements of the dynamical susceptibility Imχ(Q E) at the AFM wave vector Q = 0.35c* have shown that Imχ(Q E) is well described by a Lorentzian and its energy width Γ(Q), i.e., the inverse correlation time depends on temperature as Γ(Q) = c1 + c2T3/2±0.1, where c1 and c2 are x dependent constants, in low temperature ranges. This critical exponent 3/2 proves that the QCP .