Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The expanding mutational spectrum of MERRF substitution G8361A in the mitochondrial tRNALys gene

In a case of childhood‐onset myoclonus epilepsy with “ragged‐red fibers” (MERRF), a hitherto unreported mutation within the mitochondrial tRNALys gene was identified as the cause of the disease. Substitution G8361A was maternally inherited, heteroplasmic in all tissues tested, and correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction in individual muscle fibers. The growing number of MERRF‐associated mutations within the tRNALys gene affirms the specific role of this mitochondrial tRNA in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Analysis of an Enhanced Opportunistic System for Grasping Curved Objects through Rolling Contact

This paper presents an analysis and design of an Enhanced Opportunistic System (EOS) and its implementation within the task of grasp planning through haptic exploration by rolling contact. The EOS is a modular system which has a great potential of encompassing a variety of grasp planning strategies under one controller and making them work together. This paper explores the mechanism which can make this possible. A novel rating system, embedded within the agents of the opportunistic architecture, is a part of the control mechanism of the EOS allowing the agents to estimate their own worth. The rating system consists of two sub-rating components; fixed and variable. The fixed sub-rating represents the predefined ranking of the agents while the variable sub-rating represents the opportunistic ranking of the agents. The performance of EOS is evaluated so as to determine the utility of the proposed two sub-rating system within the task of grasp planning. The evaluation consists of two parts: a) establishing what is gained by the presence of both the sub-ratings and b) to investigate the resultant grasps of the EOS.
Effect of Carnosine and Related Compounds on the Inactivation of Human Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase by Modification of Fructose and Glycolaldehyde

Glycolaldehyde, an intermediate of the Maillard reaction, and fructose, which is mainly derived from the polyol pathway, rapidly inactivate human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the physiological concentration. We employed this inactivation with these carbonyl compounds as a model glycation reaction to investigate whether carnosine and its related compounds could protect the enzyme from inactivation. Of eight derivatives examined, histidine, Gly-His, carnosine and Ala-His inhibited the inactivation of the enzyme by fructose (p<0.001), and Gly-His, Ala-His, anserine, carnosine, and homocarnosine exhibited a marked protective effect against the inactivation by glycolaldehyde (p<0.001). The carnosine-related compounds that showed this highly protective effect against the inactivation by glycolaldehyde had high reactivity with glycolaldehyde and high scavenging activity toward the hydroxyl radical as common properties. On the other hand, the carnosine-related compounds that had a protective effect against the inactivation by fructose showed significant hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability. These results indicate that carnosine and such related compounds as Gly-His and Ala-His are effective anti-glycating agents for human Cu,Zn-SOD and that the effectiveness is based not only on high reactivity with carbonyl compounds but also on hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW INDUCED BY AIR-BUBBLE SYSTEMS

The pattern of vertical velocities induced by an orifice discharging air into water can be represented by Gaussian distribution curves with a linear spread in the vertical except for the regions near the orifice and close to the free surface. An analytical treatment considering the momentum-flux increase due to the buoyancy of the air together with experimental information about the spread of the velocity profiles and the mean rising speed of the air bubble stream, which has been obtained from velocity and density measurements over a wide range of conditions, leads to a complete description of the flow field. The ratio of the water volume flux to the air discharge rate, which has been proposed as an efficiency criterion, is now at hand as a function of depth and air supply for both single orifices and rows. The experimental evidence supports the analysis well and suggests that extrapolation to larger water depths and air supplies should be permissible, which would allow approximate predictions of the volume flux for any air-bubble system.
Process Elongation of Oligodendrocytes Is Promoted by the Kelch-related Protein MRP2/KLHL1*

Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are generated by progenitor cells that are committed to differentiating into myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. Rearrangement of the cytoskeleton leading to the extension of cellular processes is essential for the myelination of axons by OLGs. Here, we have characterized a new member of the Kelch-related protein family termed MRP2 (for Mayven-related protein 2) that is specifically expressed in brain. MRP2/KLHL1 is expressed in oligodendrocyte precursors and mature OLGs, and its expression is up-regulated during OLG differentiation. MRP2/KLHL1 expression was abundant during the specific stages of oligodendrocyte development, as identified by A2B5-, O4-, and O1-specific oligodendrocyte markers. MRP2/KLHL1 was localized in the cytoplasm and along the cell processes. Moreover, a direct endogenous association of MRP2/KLHL1 with actin was observed, which was significantly increased in differentiated OLGs compared with undifferentiated OLGs. Overexpression of MRP2/KLHL1 resulted in a significant increase in the process extension of rat OLGs, whereas MRP2/KLHL1 antisense reduced the process length of primary rat OLGs. Furthermore, murine OLGs isolated from MRP2/KLHL1 transgenic mice showed a significant increase in the process extension of OLGs compared with control wild-type murine OLGs. These studies provide insights into the role of MRP2/KLHL1, through its interaction with actin, in the process elongation of OLGs.
Conceiving sex

There has always been sex in bioarchaeology. Researchers believe that biological sex, as a fundamental category of skeletal analysis, is dualistic, innate, and unchanging. To highlight the shortcomings in bioarchaeology's analysis of sex, I stress several important ideas derived from feminist-inspired scholarship. In the past 15 years, many of these scholars have worked to demystify sex as a fixed, dichotomous entity by historicizing the concept and detailing cross-cultural understandings. I also tease out biomedicine's comprehension of sex, as evidenced by discourse and practice. Biomedicine provides the larger epistemic frame for bioarchaeologists' sexing criteria, as well as the meanings that many investigators attach to discernible, biological difference. Ultimately, drawing on feminist-inspired theories allows for critical reflection as well as exploration of alternative issues. Such integration supplies fertile ground upon which biologically oriented scholars may sow the seeds of needed disciplinary changes.
Typologizing Temporality: Time‐Aggregated and Time‐Patterned Approaches to Conceptualizing Homelessness

This article employs a relatively new method to construct time‐based typologies of homelessness, arguing that time‐aggregated typologies in previous research lose useful information by summing, averaging, or otherwise summarizing events that occur over time. This study instead proposes a time‐patterned approach that measures the timing, duration, and sequence of events as they unfurl over time. It first compares the two approaches by examining support for a theorized three‐category typology analyzed by Randall Kuhn and Dennis Culhane. Both approaches identify the three groups initially found by Kuhn and Culhane, but the time‐patterned approach performs marginally better. Both analyses leave too much heterogeneity in the groups, and the initial theory for the three categories is not robust. These deficiencies suggest the utility of further analysis. Using a time‐patterned analysis, this study then identifies 10 temporally based homeless groups that strongly differ from the three groups found by Kuhn and Culhane. It then organizes these 10 groups into four sets of groups and speculates about how structural factors and individual traits can combine to generate these categories.
Incidental learning of word meanings while reading: a Chinese and American cross-cultural study

Les AA. etudient l'apprentissage naturel du sens des mots pendant la lecture chez 447 enfants americains et chinois. A partir de deux textes (l'un lu, l'autre pas), les enfants ont du repondre a un ensemble de questions portant sur la signification de mots difficiles issus des deux textes. Les resultats montrent l'existence d'un apprentissage incident significatif du sens des mots dans les deux pays. Ceci implique que l'acquisition du sens des mots pendant la lecture est universelle dans le developpement de la langue ecrite
The long‐term effectiveness of anti‐bullying work in primary schools

Summary The DFE Sheffield Anti‐Bullying Project showed that schools can reduce the problem of bullying through the use of whole‐school anti‐bullying policies, curriculum exercises, environmental improvements and individual work with bullies and victims. However, the length of time necessary to plan these interventions meant that, in many cases, the work was not completed when the project evaluations ended. This study investigates the continuing progress made in primary schools in the year after the end of the project. Eleven heads took part in interviews; all schools had made some progress with policy development, and all used some curriculum resources. Most had continued with environmental improvements, but few had used the methods for dealing with bullies and victims. Four schools then administered the Olweus bullying questionnaire to all pupils between ages seven and eleven, 657 children taking part. Two schools had a consistent decline in reported bullying, one experienced a consistent rise and the ot.
The Fact of Blackness?: The Bleached Body in Contemporary Jamaica

This essay examines public discussions around skin bleaching in Jamaica and demonstrates that a discourse of pathology is a dominant frame of meaning used to explain this practice. I argue that the practice of bleaching destabilizes popular conceptions of blackness that rely on an understanding of the body as immutable and naturally marked by race. Depicting skin bleaching as pathological attempts to recenter hegemonic conceptions of blackness and to discipline bodies so that they adhere to them.
Isolate First, Then Share: a New OS Architecture for Datacenter Computing

This paper presents the "isolate first, then share" OS model in which the processor cores, memory, and devices are divided up between disparate OS instances and a new abstraction, subOS, is proposed to encapsulate an OS instance that can be created, destroyed, and resized on-the-fly. The intuition is that this avoids shared kernel states between applications, which in turn reduces performance loss caused by contention. We decompose the OS into the supervisor and several subOSes running at the same privilege level: a subOS directly manages physical resources, while the supervisor can create, destroy, resize a subOS on-the-fly. The supervisor and subOSes have few state sharing, but fast inter-subOS communication mechanisms are provided on demand. We present the first implementation, RainForest, which supports unmodified Linux binaries. Our comprehensive evaluation shows RainForest outperforms Linux with four different kernels, LXC, and Xen in terms of worst-case and average performance most of time when running a large number of benchmarks. The source code is available soon.
Princess Elisabeth and the Problem of Mind-Body Interaction

This paper focuses on Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia's philosophical views as exhibited in her early correspondence with Rene Descartes. Elisabeth's criticisms of Descartes's interactionism as well as her solution to the problem of mind-body interaction are examined in detail. The aim here is to develop a richer picture of Elisabeth as a philosophical thinker and to dispel the myth that she is simply a Cartesian muse.
Volume Data Inspection Tools for Industrial Computed Tomography

Industrial computed tomography (CT) has opened a new paradigm in product inspection fields. In contrary to other 3D inspection devices, industrial CT systems can completely digitize the interior as well as the exterior of nearly any object. Without any destructive testing, an object’s failures can be detected by volume data analysis from industrial CT scan data. In this paper, we present a set of industrial CT inspection techniques: volume rendering, dimensioning, transformation of orientation, failure analysis inspection, surface extraction, and CAD comparison. These analysis tools help to make full use of the benefits of industrial CT scanning.
Facets of Societal and Organisational Cultures and Managers' Work Related Thoughts and Feelings

The study is part of the ongoing efforts to identify the dimensions of societal and organisational cultures, the impact of the former on the latter, and their combined influence on managers' work related thoughts and feelings. A sample of 674 middle level managers at seven locations in India responded to a questionnaire that was developed from the items that samples of managers had provided in the first phasr of the study. Four major societal dimensions—hypocrisy, corruption, inaction, and respect to power—were shared across locationr. Three additional dimensions—quick rich disposition, face keeping, and non-work orientation—were differently endorsed at different locations. Organisations were perceived to have eight dimensions: entrepreneurial, exploitative, familial, burtaucratic, growth-oriented, patronising, professional, and parochial. All managers were pasitive about their work, although locations had an impact on how managers rated their achieving brhaviours and job satisfaction. The seven locations varied in their infrastructural facilities that had a sweeping impact an societal, organisational, and managerial dimensions of beliefs, preferences, and practices. Societal factors had a significant impact on organisational factors, and both affected managers' achieving behaviour and job satisfaction, although some ofthe organisational factors also impactrd on societal factors.
Crystal structure of linoleate 13R-manganese lipoxygenase in complex with an adhesion protein1

The crystal structure of 13R-manganese lipoxygenase (MnLOX) of Gaeumannomyces graminis (Gg) in complex with zonadhesin of Pichia pastoris was solved by molecular replacement. Zonadhesin contains β-strands in two subdomains. A comparison of Gg-MnLOX with the 9S-MnLOX of Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) shows that the protein fold and the geometry of the metal ligands are conserved. The U-shaped active sites differ mainly due to hydrophobic residues of the substrate channel. The volumes and two hydrophobic side pockets near the catalytic base may sanction oxygenation at C-13 and C-9, respectively. Gly-332 of Gg-MnLOX is positioned in the substrate channel between the entrance and the metal center. Replacements with larger residues could restrict oxygen and substrate to reach the active site. C18 fatty acids are likely positioned with C-11 between Mn2+OH2 and Leu-336 for hydrogen abstraction and with one side of the 12Z double bond shielded by Phe-337 to prevent antarafacial oxygenation at C-13 and C-11. Phe-347 is positioned at the end of the substrate channel and replacement with smaller residues can position C18 fatty acids for oxygenation at C-9. Gg-MnLOX does not catalyze the sequential lipoxygenation of n-3 fatty acids in contrast to Mo-MnLOX, which illustrates the different configurations of their substrate channels.
GISpL: gestures made easy

We present GISpL, the Gestural Interface Specification Language. GISpL is a formal language which allows both researchers and developers to unambiguously describe the behavior of a wide range of gestural interfaces using a simple JSON-based syntax. GISpL supports a multitude of input modalities, including multi-touch, digital pens, multiple regular mice, tangible interfaces or mid-air gestures. GISpL introduces a novel view on gestural interfaces from a software-engineering perspective. By using GISpL, developers can avoid tedious tasks such as reimplementing the same gesture recognition algorithms over and over again. Researchers benefit from the ability to quickly reconfigure prototypes of gestural UIs on-the-fly, possibly even in the middle of an expert review. In this paper, we present a brief overview of GISpL as well as some usage examples of our reference implementation. We demonstrate its capabilities by the example of a multichannel audio mixer application being used with several different input modalities. Moreover, we present exemplary GISpL descriptions of other gestural interfaces and conclude by discussing its potential applications and future development.
Working Mothers' Choice between Parental Leave and Job Continuity A Paradox in South Korea

This study investigate whether the positive relationship between the use of parental leave and job continuity of mothers exists in Korea. using a secondary dataset composed of 1,000 mothers who have already utilized maternity leave, the article finds that the relationship between the use of parental leave and job continuity of mothers is negative. To enable working mothers to reconcile paid work and family responsibility in Korea, it is therefore necessary to construct a more comprehensive policy package, including expansion of the publicly supported childcare system, the reformation of childcare responsibility between genders, and public payments for childcare provided by families.
Do Chinese and American Children's Interpretations of Parenting Moderate Links between Perceived Parenting and Child Adjustment?

SYNOPSIS Objective. The researchers in this study investigated whether Chinese and American children's interpretations of parents' coercive authority assertion moderate relations between their self-reported parenting and adjustment. Associations between child adjustment and parents' shaming and critically comparing children to their peers were also investigated. Design. Sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders (M ages = 11.73, 12.74, and 13.78 years, respectively) residing in Shanghai (n = 150) and Chicago (n = 168) rated possible motivations for coercive authority assertion, indicated whether they approved of it, and reported their parents' coercive authority assertion, critical comparison and shaming, as well as their own depression, antisocial behavior, and school effort. Results. Children in both cultures indicated that parents practiced coercive authority assertion to benefit their children more than themselves. Yet approval ratings were low. Approval of coercive authority assertion and the child-beneficial interpretation moderated relations between parents' coercive authority assertion and depression in both cultures. For American children, relations between parents' coercive authority assertion and both antisocial behavior and school effort were moderated by a social conventional interpretation. Critical comparison and shaming, and parents' coercive authority assertion were associated with poorer adjustment in both cultures. Conclusions. Chinese and American children believe parents are well-meaning but misguided in their practice of coercive authority assertion. Children's approval and interpretations can moderate parents' coercive authority assertion's links to psychosocial and academic functioning. Critical comparison and shaming is also associated with poorer adjustment in both cultures.
Projection based olfactory display with nose tracking

Most attempts to realize an olfactory display have involved capturing and synthesizing the odor, processes that still pose many challenging problems. These difficulties are mainly due to the mechanism of human olfaction, in which a set of so-called "primary odors" has not been found. Instead, we focus on spatio-temporal control of odor rather than synthesizing odor itself. Many existing interactive olfactory displays simply diffuse the scent into the air, which does not provide the ability of spatio-temporal control of olfaction. Recently, however, several researchers have developed olfactory displays that inject scented air under the nose through tubes. On the analogy of visual displays, these systems correspond to head-mounted displays (HMD). These yield a solid way to achieve spatio-temporal control of olfactory space, but they require the user to wear something on his or her face. Here, we propose an unencumbering olfactory display that does not require the user to attach anything on the face. It works by projecting a clump of scented air from a location near the user's nose through free space. We also aim to display a scent to the restricted space around a specific user's nose, rather than scattering scented air by simply diffusing it into the atmosphere. To implement this concept, we used an "air cannon" that generates toroidal vortices of the scented air. We conducted a preliminary experiment to examine this method's ability to display scent to a restricted space. The results show that we could successfully display incense to the target user. Next, we constructed prototype systems. We could successfully bring the scented air to a specific user by tracking the nose position of the user and controlling the orientation of the air cannon to the user's nose.
Waist circumference and risk of lower urinary tract symptoms: a meta-analysis

Abstract: Background and objective: Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results concerning the role of central obesity in lower urinary tract symptoms. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether larger waist circumference (WC) is a predicted signal for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUT). Data resource: Eligible studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of science, and the Cochrane Library database up to January 2014. Study eligibility criteria: Prospective and retrospective cohort, case-controlled trials and observational studies. Data extraction: Data were extracted and analyzed using random effect models to reveal an array of risk factors. Dose–response meta-analysis was performed for studies reporting categorical risk estimates at multiple exposure levels. Study heterogeneity and publication biases were assessed. Data synthesis: A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. A positive association with waist circumference (WC) was observed between WC and LUTS at an odds ratio of 1.49, (95% confidence intervals 1.34–1.64). In subgroup analysis, WC exhibited a positive dose–dependent relationship with LUTS in mostly study design, region and primary outcomes. Limitation: Potential biases from preferential publication and selective reporting. Conclusion: Large WC is associated with increased risk of LUTS. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to define related biological mechanisms.
On homogenization problems for fully nonlinear equations with oscillating Dirichlet boundary conditions

We study two types of asymptotic problems whose common feature - and difficulty- is to exhibit oscillating Dirichlet boundary conditions : the main contribution of this article is to show how to recover the Dirichlet boundary condition for the limiting equation. These two types of problems are (i) periodic homogenization problems for fully nonlinear, second-order elliptic partial differential equations set in a half-space and (ii) parabolic problems with an oscillating in time Dirichlet boundary condition. In order to obtain the Dirichlet boundary condition for the limiting problem, the key step is a blow-up argument near the boundary which leads to the study of Dirichlet problems set on half space type domains and of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions when the distance to the boundary tends to infinity.