Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the P2P traffic characteristics on file transfers between prefectures and between Autonomous Systems in the Winny network

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications are now widely used. The traffic generated by the P2P applications occupies a significant proportion of Internet traffic, and has an enormous impact on the backbone networks. Since these peers communicate by constructing virtual overlay routes, which are constructed independently from the IP networks topology, the characteristics of P2P traffic between regional networks such as those in prefectures and Autonomous Systems (ASs) have become an important issue. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the actual status of the characteristics of traffic matrices in order to construct and manage future networks. In this paper, we measured and analyzed the file transfer characteristics, such as traffic matrices, between prefectures and between ASs, by identifying file transfers between peers in Winny network, one of the most popular P2P applications in Japan. The results reveal that Winny increases traffic between prefectures and ASs, because file transfers in Winny network does not take account of locality.
Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Carotid Plaque and Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Chinese

Background Our aim was to prospectively investigate the association between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as carotid plaque and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in Chinese, among whom data are limited. Methods and Findings We conducted a community-based cohort study composed of 2190 participants free of cardiovascular disease at baseline in one community. During a median 10.5-year follow up, we documented 68 new cases of coronary heart disease and 94 cases of stroke. The multivariate relative risks (RRs) associated with a change of 1 standard deviation of maximal common carotid IMT were 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.70) for CHD and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.28–1.69) for stroke. The corresponding RRs with internal carotid IMT were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.21–1.79) for CHD and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.31–1.76) for stroke. Carotid plaque measured by the degree of diameter stenosis was also significantly associated with increased risk of CHD (p for trend<0.0001) and stroke (p for trend<0.0001). However, these associations were largely attenuated when adjusting for IMT measurements. Conclusions This prospective study indicates a significant association between carotid IMT and incidence of CHD and stroke in Chinese adults. These measurements may be useful for cardiovascular risk assessment and stratification in Chinese.
Comfortably inhabiting reality: justifying and denouncing arguments in a development dispute in the post-industrial gentrified inner-city

This article seeks to understand the ‘critical capacities’ of actors involved in public disputes by focussing on one such case in Melbourne, Australia. The dispute centred on a non-government school's proposal to develop classrooms in a heritage listed building on public land sublet from a charitable foundation. Following local council's rejection of the original proposal, the school successfully appealed to the Victorian Planning Minister. After introducing a critical pragmatic analytic framework, five accounts of the dispute given by key actors are examined, uncovering similarities in the arguments used by each. Then, in the same accounts, analysis identifies differences in how the pro- and anti-development groups justified their own and denounced their opponents' positions. Both groups recognised formal rules as the best means for preserving equal citizens' access to public space, yet the pro-development group justified their argument by reference to local community benefit, in contrast with the anti-development group, who adopted an abstract argument concerning the privatisation of public space. Understood as mobilising different ‘models of justice’, the groups are regarded as appealing to a ‘real’ order, an implicit politicised hierarchy that situates winners in relation to losers. In effect, the pro-development group justified its position by representing it as congruent with, rather than disrupting, the real order encompassing the situation. In conclusion, the paper discusses the usefulness of the critical pragmatic analytic framework for understanding governmental power relations and assemblages, as actors demonstrate their critical capacities in contexts where erstwhile formal equality obscures the presence of hierarchical order.
Positive Mental Well-being in Australian Adolescents: Evaluating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale

While there is increasing recognition of the need to go beyond measures of mental ill health, there is a relative dearth of validated tools for assessing mental well-being among adolescents. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a promising tool for use in this context, and this study evaluated its use in an Australian context. The WEMWBS was completed by 829 Western Australian adolescents, aged from 13 to 16 years old, drawn from Grades 8, 9 and 10 in seven separate high schools. Using confirmatory factor analytic techniques, the utility of the full 14-item scale was not supported, but good fit for a previously validated seven-item short version (SWEMWBS) was supported. Strong measurement invariance was demonstrated across age, and weak measurement invariance was demonstrated across gender. The scale has good internal reliability. There were no differences in SWEMWBS scores across Grades 8 to 10. Overall, the SWEMWBS represents a useful tool for educational, developmental, and school psychologists investigating positive mental wellbeing in younger adolescents.
Preposition Semantic Classification via TREEBANK and FRAMENET

This paper reports on experiments in classifying the semantic role annotations assigned to prepositional phrases in both PENN TREEBANK (version II) and FRAMENET (version 0.75). In both cases, experiments are done to see how the prepositions can be classified given the dataset’s role inventory, using standard word-sense disambiguation features, such as the parts of speech of surrounding words, and collocations indicative of the particular roles. In addition to using traditional word collocations, the experiments incorporate class-based collocations in the form of WordNet hypernyms. Separate classifiers are produced for each preposition. For TreeBank, the wordcollocations achieve slightly better performance: 78.5% versus 77.4%. However, for FrameNet, the combined collocations achieve better performance: 70.3% versus 68.5% Furthermore when classifying all the TreeBanks prepositions together, the combined yields a noticable gain at 85.8% accuracy versus 81.3% for word-only collocations.
Preferential attachment in the growth of social networks: the case of Wikipedia

We present an analysis of the statistical properties and growth of the free on-line encyclopedia Wikipedia. By describing topics by vertices and hyperlinks between them as edges, we can represent this encyclopedia as a directed graph. The topological properties of this graph are in close analogy with those of the World Wide Web, despite the very different growth mechanism. In particular, we measure a scale-invariant distribution of the in and out degree and we are able to reproduce these features by means of a simple statistical model. As a major consequence, Wikipedia growth can be described by local rules such as the preferential attachment mechanism, though users, who are responsible of its evolution, can act globally on the network.
Anti-idiotypic antibody in rat transplantation immunity. I. Production of anti-idiotypic antibody in animals repeatedly immunized with alloantigens.

Lewis × Brown Norway (LBN) F1 antiserum to an idiotype of Lewis anti-BN alloantibody (referred to as the Id-1 idiotype) was used to test a variety of Lewis alloimmune sera for the presence of Id-1. Several such Lewis sera raised by BN antigen injection at monthly intervals possessed the Id-1 idiotype. Hyperimmune Lewis anti-BN alloantiserum raised by six weekly injections of BN antigen, however, did not possess the Id-1 idiotype, but appeared to possess anti-idiotypic antibody to Id-1 instead. The anti-BN hemagglutinin titer, anti-idiotypic antibody titer to Id-1, and levels of the Id-1 idiotype were then measured in individual weekly serum samples from Lewis rats repeatedly immunized with BN antigen. The anti-BN hemagglutinin titers followed a cyclical pattern, with the Id-1 idiotype predominating only in the first cycle of the anti-BN hemagglutinin response. Anti-idiotypic antibody was demonstrable in five of eight repeatedly immunized rats, and in each of these five animals the appearance of anti-idiotypic antibody to Id-1 followed the clearance of Id-1 from the serum. Anti-idiotypic antibody may play a role in the regulation or control of an established immune response.
Perfusion computed tomography to assist decision making for stroke thrombolysis

The use of perfusion imaging to guide selection of ischaemic stroke patients for thrombolytic therapy remains controversial. Using two large independent cohorts, Bivard et al. demonstrate that perfusion imaging is able to identify patients who will benefit from treatment and that these patients are not readily identifiable using clinical assessments.
Low Levels of Cell-Free Circulating miR-361-3p and miR-625* as Blood-Based Markers for Discriminating Malignant from Benign Lung Tumors

The high mortality rate of lung cancer patients is mainly due to the late stage at which lung cancer is diagnosed. For effective cancer prevention programs and early diagnosis, better blood-based markers are needed. Hence, blood-based microarray profiling of microRNA (miR) expression was performed in preoperative serum of 21 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 11 healthy individuals by microfluid biochips containing 1158 different miRs. Two out of the 30 most dysregulated miRs were further validated in serum of 97 NSCLC patients, 20 patients with benign lung diseases and 30 healthy individuals by TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. Microarray profiling showed that miR-361-3p and miR-625* were significantly down-regulated in serum of lung cancer patients. Their further evaluation by quantitative RT-PCR showed that the levels of miR-361-3p and miR-625* were lower in NSCLC than in benign disease (p = 0.0001) and healthy individuals (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0005, respectively). Moreover, the levels of miR-625* were significantly lower in patients with large cell lung cancer (LCLC, p = 0.014) and smoking patients (p = 0.030) than in patients with adenocarcinoma and non-smoking patients, respectively. A rise in the levels of both miRs was observed in the postoperative samples compared with the preoperative levels (p = 0.0001). Functional analyses showed that Smad2 and TGFß1 are not dysregulated by miR-361-3p and miR-625* in the lung cell line A549, respectively. Our present pilot study suggests that miR-361-3p and miR-625* might have a protective influence on the development of NSCLC, and the quantitative assessment of these miRs in blood serum might have diagnostic potential to detect NSCLC, in particular in smokers.
Dynamical Information Processing in the CA1 Microcircuit of the Hippocampus

A major challenge to understanding cortical function is the complexity found at both the single-cell and microcircuit levels. Here we outline what is known about the microcircuitry of the CA1 region of the mammalian hippocampus. We then explore the possible functional roles of the variety of neuronal types within this microcircuit during dynamic information processing. This is considered within the framework of CA1 acting as an associative storage device during encoding and retrieval of episodic memories
The safety profile of telmisartan as monotherapy or combined with hydrochlorothiazide: A retrospective analysis of 50 studies

Background. To compare the tolerability and safety of telmisartan±hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Methods. This retrospective analysis was performed on all hypertensive patients that were enrolled in telmisartan studies. A total of 30 double‐blind (n = 8023) and 20 open‐label (n = 8393) studies were available at the time of this analysis, and were included. Treatments investigated were placebo, telmisartan 10–160 mg, or telmisartan 10–160 mg plus HCTZ 6.25–25 mg. The incidence and causality of all adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities occurring during treatment were recorded. Results. The incidences of all‐cause AEs in the double‐blind studies were: 2.73 per patient‐year (PY) (36.1%; placebo); 2.03/PY (37.4%; telmisartan monotherapy) and 2.09/PY (44.8%; telmisartan plus HCTZ). The respective numbers in the open‐label studies were: 0.65/PY (49.6%; telmisartan monotherapy) and 0.70/PY (40.3%; telmisartan plus HCTZ). The most frequent suspected adverse reactions were dizziness and headache, which were comparable across groups and studies. The overall incidence of drug‐related laboratory abnormalities was low in all treatment groups. Treatment‐related hyperuricaemia and hypokalaemia occurred in less than 0.1% of patients, respectively, treated with telmisartan plus HCTZ. Incidences of discontinuation due to an AE were 4.6%, 4.5% and 4.7%, respectively, for the placebo, telmisartan and telmisartan plus HCTZ treatment groups. Conclusion. The consolidated data show that telmisartan±HCTZ are well tolerated in patients of all ages and have placebo‐like tolerabilities.
Impact of a Scientist–Teacher Collaborative Model on Students, Teachers, and Scientists

Collaborations between the K-12 teachers and higher education or professional scientists have become a widespread approach to science education reform. Educational funding and efforts have been invested to establish these cross-institutional collaborations in many countries. Since 2006, Taiwan initiated the High Scope Program, a high school science curriculum reform to promote scientific innovation and inquiry through an integration of advanced science and technology in high school science curricula through partnership between high school teachers and higher education scientists and science educators. This study, as part of this governmental effort, a scientist–teacher collaborative model (STCM) was constructed by 8 scientists and 4 teachers to drive an 18-week high school science curriculum reform on environmental education in a public high school. Partnerships between scientists and teachers offer opportunities to strengthen the elements of effective science teaching identified by Shulman and ultimately affect students’ learning. Mixed methods research was used for this study. Qualitative methods of interviews were used to understand the impact on the teachers’ and scientists’ science teaching. A quasi-experimental design was used to understand the impact on students’ scientific competency and scientific interest. The findings in this study suggest that the use of the STCM had a medium effect on students’ scientific competency and a large effect on students’ scientific individual and situational interests. In the interviews, the teachers indicated how the STCM allowed them to improve their content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and the scientists indicated an increased knowledge of learners, knowledge of curriculum, and PCK.
Social Studies Teacher Educators' Perceptions of Character Education

Abstract The increasing popularity of character education, coupled with state mandates and recommendations from national organizations, have heightened the perceived importance of preparing teachers for their role in the character development of students. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of social studies teacher educators regarding common themes of contemporary character education, the scope of character education, and the importance of the inclusion of character education issues in a curriculum/methods course. The sample consisted of 298 members of the National Council for the Social Studies who indicated involvement in either elementary or secondary teacher preparation on their membership form. The data were collected by mailing a questionnaire to ail subjects and conducting follow-up telephone interviews with approximately ten percent of the respondents. The findings suggest support among social studies teacher educators for the themes of contemporary character education, for a broadly conceived scope for character education that includes social studies goals, and for including character education as a topic in a curriculum/methods course.
Metabolomics in the identification of biomarkers of dietary intake

Traditional methods for assessing dietary exposure can be unreliable, with under reporting one of the main problems. In an attempt to overcome such problems there is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers of dietary intake to provide a more accurate measurement. Metabolomics is an analytical technique that aims to identify and quantify small metabolites. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the application of metabolomics coupled with statistical analysis for the identification of dietary biomarkers, with a number of putative biomarkers identified. This minireview focuses on metabolomics based approaches and highlights some of the key successes.
The Sequence after the Signal Peptide of the G Protein-Coupled Endothelin B Receptor Is Required for Efficient Translocon Gating at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

The heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) must reach their correct subcellular location to exert their function. Receptor domains relevant for receptor trafficking include signal sequences mediating receptor integration into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and anterograde or retrograde transport signals promoting receptor sorting into the vesicles of the secretory pathway. In addition, receptors must be correctly folded to pass the quality control system of the early secretory pathway. Taking the endothelin B receptor as a model, we describe a new type of a transport-relevant GPCR domain. Deletion of this domain (residues Glu28 to Trp54) leads to a fully functional receptor protein that is expressed at a lower level than the wild-type receptor. Subcellular localization experiments and glycosylation state analyses demonstrate that the mutant receptor is neither misfolded, retained intracellularly, nor misrouted. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses demonstrate that constitutive internalization is also not affected. By using an in vitro prion protein targeting assay, we show that this domain is necessary for efficient translocon gating at the ER membrane during early receptor biogenesis. Taken together, we identified a novel transport-relevant domain in the GPCR protein family. Our data may also be relevant for other GPCRs and unrelated integral membrane proteins.
Characterization and comparison of structural and compositional features of planetary quadrilateral pyroxenes by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract This study reports the use of Raman spectral features to characterize the structural and compositional characteristics of different types of pyroxene from rocks as might be carried out using a portable field spectrometer or by planetary on-surface exploration. Samples studied include lunar rocks, martian meteorites, and terrestrial rocks. The major structural types of quadrilateral pyroxene can be identified using their Raman spectral pattern and peak positions. Values of Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca) of pyroxene in the (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral can be determined within an accuracy of ± 0.1. The precision for Ca/(Mg + Fe + Ca) values derived from Raman data is about the same, except that corrections must be made for very low-Ca and very high-Ca samples. Pyroxenes from basalts can be distinguished from those in plutonic equivalents from the distribution of their Mg′ [Mg/(Mg + Fe)] and Wo values, and this can be readily done using point-counting Raman measurements on unprepared rock samples. The correlation of Raman peak positions and spectral pattern provides criteria to distinguish pyroxenes with high proportions of non-quadrilateral components from (Mg, Fe, Ca) quadrilateral pyroxenes.
An Improved Retrievability-Based Cluster-Resampling Approach for Pseudo Relevance Feedback

Cluster-based pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) is an effective approach for searching relevant documents for relevance feedback. Standard approach constructs clusters for PRF only on the basis of high similarity between retrieved documents. The standard approach works quite well if the retrieval bias of the retrieval model does not create any effect on the retrievability of documents. In our experiments we observed when a collection contains retrieval bias, then high retrievable documents of clusters are frequently retrieved at top positions for most of the queries, and these drift the relevance feedback away from relevant documents. For reducing (retrieval bias) noise, we enhance the standard cluster construction approach by constructing clusters on the basis of high similarity and retrievability. We call this retrievability and cluster-based PRF. This enhanced approach keeps only those documents in the clusters that are not frequently retrieve due to retrieval bias. Although this approach improves the effectiveness, however, it penalizes high retrievable documents even if these documents are most relevant to the clusters. To handle this problem, in a second approach, we extend the basic retrievability concept by mining frequent neighbors of the clusters. The frequent neighbors approach keeps only those documents in the clusters that are frequently retrieved with other neighbors of clusters and infrequently retrieved with those documents that are not part of the clusters. Experimental results show that two proposed extensions are helpful for identifying relevant documents for relevance feedback and increasing the effectiveness of queries.
Interference MAC: Impact of improper Gaussian signaling on the rate region Pareto boundary

Meeting the challenges of 5G demands better exploitation of the available spectrum by allowing multiple parties to share resources. For instance, a secondary unlicensed system can share resources with the cellular uplink of a primary licensed system for an improved spectral efficiency. This induces interference which has to be taken into account when designing such a system. A simple yet robust strategy is treating interference as noise (TIN), which is widely adapted in practice. It is thus important to study the capabilities and limitations of TIN in such scenarios. In this paper, we study this scenario modelled as multiple access channel (MAC) interfered by a Point-to-Point (P2P) channel, where we focus on the characterization of the rate region. We use improper Gaussian signaling (instead of proper) at the transmitters to increase the design flexibility, which offers the freedom of optimizing the transmit signal pseudo-variance in addition to its variance. We formulate the weighted max-min problem as a semidefinite program, and use semidefinite relaxation (SDR) to obtain a near-optimal solution. Numerical optimizations show that, by improper Gaussian signaling the achievable rates can be improved upto three times when compared to proper Gaussian signaling.