Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating Situation Models: The Memory-Based Contribution

O'Brien, Rizzella, Albrecht, and Halleran (1998) demonstrated that when a protagonist is introduced with information that is inconsistent with an action described in a subsequent target sentence, reading times on that sentence were disrupted. This occurred even when the inconsistent information was followed by consistent information that outdated the inconsistent information. Three experiments are reported that examine factors that may have contributed to the reactivation of outdated information. In Experiment 1, the order of introduction of the consistent and inconsistent information was reversed so that the initial character information was consistent with the target sentence. Despite introducing the protagonist with information consistent with the target sentence, reading continued to be disrupted. In Experiments 2 and 3, the amount of consistent information was increased. The additional consistent information eliminated any comprehension difficulty on the target sentence caused by the inconsistent information; however, Experiment 3 confirmed that the inconsistent information continued to be reactivated. Results are discussed in terms of memory-based contributions to the updating process.
Subprime Mortgages and the Housing Bubble

This paper explores the link between the house-price expectations of mortgage lenders and the extent of subprime lending. It argues that bubble conditions in the housing market are likely to spur subprime lending, with favorable price expectations easing the default concerns of lenders and thus increasing their willingness to extend loans to risky borrowers. Since the demand created by subprime lending feeds back onto house prices, such lending also helps to fuel an emerging housing bubble. The paper, however, focuses on the reverse causal linkage, where subprime lending is a consequence rather than a cause of bubble conditions. These ideas are illustrated in a theoretical model, and empirical work tests for a connection between price expectations and the extent of subprime lending.
Glucosylsphingosine Activates Serotonin Receptor 2a and 2b: Implication of a Novel Itch Signaling Pathway

Recent reports claimed that glucosylsphingosine (GS) is highly accumulated and specifically evoking itch-scratch responses in the skins of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. However, it was unclear how GS can trigger itch-scratch responses, since there were no known molecular singling pathways revealed yet. In the present study, it was verified for the first time that GS can activate mouse serotonin receptor 2a (mHtr2a) and 2b (mHtr2b), but not 2c (mHtr2c) that are expressed in HEK293T cells. Specifically, effects of GS on all mouse serotonin receptor 2 subfamily were evaluated by calcium imaging techniques. The GS-induced intracellular calcium increase was dose-dependent, and antagonists such as ketanserin (Htr2a antagonist) and RS-127445 (Htr2b antagonist) significantly blocked the GS-induced responses. Moreover, the proposed GS-induced responses appear to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC), since pretreatment of a PLC inhibitor U-73122 abolished the GS-induced responses. Additionally, the GS-induced calcium influx is probably mediated by endogenous TRPC ion channels in HEK293T cells, since pretreatment of SKF-96365, an inhibitor for TRPC, significantly suppressed GS-induced response. In conclusion, the present study revealed for the first time that GS can stimulate mHtr2a and mHtr2b to induce calcium influx, by utilizing PLC-dependent pathway afterwards. Considering that GS is regarded as a pruritogen in AD, the present study implicates a novel GS-induced itch signaling pathway.
A Strategic Sign: The Geopolitical Significance of ‘Bosnia’ in US Foreign Policy

Why did the United States government eventually intervene decisively in the Bosnian war in the summer of 1995, first with sustained NATO bombing, subsequently by forging the Dayton Peace Accords, and finally by deploying 20 000 troops to a region its military leaders had long claimed was not strategic? In this paper I seek to provide an answer to this question by arguing that Bosnia became strategic because of its geopolitical location in a Europe supposedly secured by NATO and because of the negative sign value it accumulated over the course of its bloody war. The Bosnian war exposed the limits of the Bush administration's New World Order, the inability of the European Union to impose peace, the weaknesses of the United Nations, the impotency of NATO, and the leadership failures of the United States. It thus became strategically important as a threatening sign of disorder in Europe that the United States needed to confront in order to relegitimate NATO and its plans for expansionism, and to regenerate its national exceptionalist identity as a global power. In this paper I consider the role of the media in helping generate Bosnia as a ‘strategic sign’ by arguing that the videocameralistics of the media play an important role in conditioning the practices of foreign policy.
Institutional and Student Factors and Their Influence on Advanced Mathematics Achievement

Abstract The author examined advanced mathematics achievement with 1,839 students from 162 schools. The data were obtained from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study Population 3 cohort; the author used hierarchical (multilevel) linear modeling to examine student- and school-level factors. Even within the advanced mathematics cohort, gender and economic disparities existed, but the magnitude of these disparities varied from school to school. Average parent education was observed to be associated with the magnitude of the coefficient for attitude toward mathematics on achievement. The more a student believed that success in mathematics was caused by natural ability, the higher the score on the test. Finally, resources, school size, and average parent education were significantly associated with school mean achievement in advanced mathematics.
Mothers and Sons: A Look at the Relationship Between Child Behavior Problems, Marital Satisfaction, Maternal Depression, and Family Cohesion

This retrospective study assessed the interacting relationships between child behavior problems, marital satisfaction, maternal depression, and family cohesion in 43 mothers and school-aged boys from a clinical sample. Mothers rated their child's behavior, marital satisfaction, level of depression, and perceived family cohesion. Results suggest that mothers with depressive symptoms report lower levels of marital satisfaction and higher levels of child behavior problems. Findings also suggest that maternal depression acts as a mediating mechanism for child behavior. In addition, marital dissatisfaction is related to lower levels of family cohesion. A discussion of the findings is presented, followed by implications for future research and clinical practice from a family systems perspective.
Research Review: Online Journalism - a report on current and continuing research and major questions in the international discussion

This report summarizes major avenues of research about online journalism, defined as journalism activities on and through the Internet and concerned with the use of such journalism products and services. Seven trajectories or tracks of research about online journalism are identified: market analyses, product analyses, user studies, explorations of occupational changes, quality assessments, macro studies and experimental projects. Traditional approaches in the realm of public research are hardly compatible with the fast-evolving new technology. Most important research projects in the field are privately funded, not publicly accessible and tend to be market-driven. Some interesting new projects are on their way, but research about online journalism is only just beginning.
Men and Women of Elite Law Firms: Reevaluating Kanter's Legacy

This paper tests the effects of minority partner representation on minority associate representation in a sample of 97 law firms from 1980 to 1990. We perform separate analyses for women, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans, and we consider both within-group and cross-group effects. We find that minority partner representation has a positive effect on minority associate representation, which is statistically significant in the case of women and Asian Americans. Our findings are consistent with lawyers' own accounts, which emphasize the impact of partner composition on the distribution of rewards within law firms. We also show how our findings clarify previous studies about the effects of minority representation on the distribution of organizational rewards, focusing particularly on Kanter's work and subsequent related research.
Aligning two sequences within a specified diagonal band

We describe an algorithm for aligning two sequences within a diagonal band that requires only O(NW) computation time and O(N) space, where N is the length of the shorter of the two sequences and W is the width of the band. The basic algorithm can be used to calculate either local or global alignment scores. Local alignments are produced by finding the beginning and end of a best local alignment in the band, and then applying the global alignment algorithm between those points. This algorithm has been incorporated into the FASTA program package, where it has decreased the amount of memory required to calculate local alignments from O(NW) to O(N) and decreased the time required to calculate optimized scores for every sequence in a protein sequence database by 40%. On computers with limited memory, such as the IBM-PC, this improvement both allows longer sequences to be aligned and allows optimization within wider bands, which can include longer gaps.
Cilia Organize Ependymal Planar Polarity

Multiciliated epithelial cells, called ependymal cells, line the ventricles in the adult brain. Most ependymal cells are born prenatally and are derived from radial glia. Ependymal cells have a remarkable planar polarization that determines orientation of ciliary beating and propulsion of CSF. Disruption of ependymal ciliary beating, by injury or disease, results in aberrant CSF circulation and hydrocephalus, a common disorder of the CNS. Very little is known about the mechanisms guiding ependymal planar polarity and whether this organization is acquired during ependymal cell development or is already present in radial glia. Here we show that basal bodies in ependymal cells in the lateral ventricle walls of adult mice are polarized in two ways: (1) rotational; angle of individual basal bodies with respect to their long axis and (2) translational; the position of basal bodies on the apical surface of the cell. Conditional ablation of motile cilia disrupted rotational orientation, but translational polarity was largely preserved. In contrast, translational polarity was dramatically affected when radial glial primary cilia were ablated earlier in development. Remarkably, radial glia in the embryo have a translational polarity that predicts the orientation of mature ependymal cells. These results suggest that ependymal planar cell polarity is a multistep process initially organized by primary cilia in radial glia and then refined by motile cilia in ependymal cells.
The Strain and Hopelessness in Family Caregivers of Patients with Gynecologic Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

This study aimed to investigate strain and hopelessness among family caregivers of patients with gynecologic cancer and corelates patients’ symptom burden. This research was planned as a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation study between May and December 2010, using a sample of 338 patient and family caregivers of gynecologic cancer patients. The results of this study show that family caregivers of patient with gynecologic cancer are at risk for hopelessness and strain. The strongest positive correlation was found between strain and hopelessness (r= 0.23, p < 0.004). Patients reported various problems with their chemotherapy experiences, including nause, feeling weak, mouth problems, and hair loss. Some characteristics were significant predictors of the caregiver's strain and hopelessness such as age, gender, education, income level, had a child, caregiving duration, cancer type, stage of cancer, chemotherapy cycles, lenght of disease, caregiving hours, level of personal and social support, knowledge about diseases, other caregiving responsibilities, and patient’s symptoms (p< 0.05). It is our hope that this study will inform oncologists, oncology nurses and mental health workers about the assessment and treatment options for strain and hopelessness in family caregiver. The findings provide a base for future research.
Acquiescence and the True-False Consistency of Three Social Desirability Scales

validity scales, which ranged from . 48 to -. 30, were significantly correlated (.74) with the mean desirability values of the combined true and reflected false keys of the scales. Thus, the less neutral the mean SD value of a scale, the greater its true-false reliability is likely to be. Edwards (1961) has suggested that the true-false reliability of a scale is a function of the consistency with which the true and false parts are keyed in either the desirable or undesirable direction. Since the mean SD values obtained by Jackson and Messick may reflect, in part, the consistency of the SD keying of the several scales, their results may lend support to Edwards’ hypothesis. In any event, both Jackson and Messick’s
Age Differences in the Differentiation of Trait Impressions From Faces.

OBJECTIVES We investigated whether evidence that older adults (OA) show less differentiation of visual stimuli than younger adults (YA) extends to trait impressions from faces and effects of face age. We also examined whether age differences in mood, vision, or cognition-mediated differentiation differences. Finally, we investigated whether age differences in trait differentiation mediated differences in impression positivity. METHOD We used a differentiation index adapted from previous work on stereotyping to assess OA and YA likelihood of assigning different faces to different levels on trait scales. We computed scores for ratings of older and younger faces' competence, health, hostility, and untrustworthiness. RESULTS OA showed less differentiated trait ratings than YA. Measures of mood, vision, and cognition did not mediate these rater age differences. Hostility was differentiated more for younger than older faces, while health was differentiated more for older faces, but only by OA. Age differences in differentiation mediated age differences in impression positivity. DISCUSSION Less differentiation of trait impressions from faces in OA is consistent with previous evidence for less differentiation in face and emotion recognition. Results indicated that that age-related dedifferentiation does not reflect narrow changes in visual function. They also provide a novel explanation for OA positivity effects.
Epigenetic reprogramming reverses the malignant epigenotype of the MMP/TIMP axis genes in tumor cells

Cancer progression is characterized by extensive tumor invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and migration to metastatic sites. The increased proteolytic degradation of the ECM during tumor invasion is directly dependent on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), counter‐balanced by tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In this study, we found that unbalanced expression of MMP/TIMP axis genes in tumors was correlated with aberrant epigenotypes in the various gene promoters. The malignant epigenotypes could be therapeutically corrected by a simple defined factor‐mediated reprogramming approach. Correction of the abnormal epigenotypes by nuclear remodeling leads to a rebalance in the gene expression profile, an alteration in tumor cell morphology, attenuation of tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro, and reduced tumorigenicity in nude mice. We further identified the downregulation of the MKK‐p38 MAPK signal pathway as an important underlying mechanism for reduced tumorigenicity in this epigenetic reprogramming model. These data demonstrate that the malignant phenotypes seen in cancer can be corrected by a nuclear remodeling mechanism, thus highlighting a novel non‐chemotherapeutic, non‐radiotherapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
Regulatory effects of ferritin on angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the synthesis of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, plays a critical role in normal wound healing and tumor growth. HKa (cleaved high molecular weight kininogen) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis formed by the cleavage of kininogen on endothelial cells. Ferritin is a protein principally known for its central role in iron storage. Here, we demonstrate that ferritin binds to HKa with high affinity (Kd 13 nM). Further, ferritin antagonizes the antiangiogenic effects of HKa, enhancing the migration, assembly, and survival of HKa-treated endothelial cells. Effects of ferritin were independent of its iron content. Peptide mapping revealed that ferritin binds to a 22-aa subdomain of HKa that is critical to its antiangiogenic activity. In vivo, ferritin opposed HKa's antiangiogenic effects in a human prostate cancer xenograft, restoring tumor-dependent vessel growth. Ferritin-mediated regulation of angiogenesis represents a new angiogenic regulatory pathway, and identifies a new role for ferritin in cell biology.
Proximal fibular osteotomy: a new surgery for pain relief and improvement of joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Objective To explore the effects of proximal fibular osteotomy as a new surgery for pain relief and improvement of medial joint space and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods From January 2015 to May 2015, 47 patients who underwent proximal fibular osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis were retrospectively followed up. Preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing and whole lower extremity radiographs were obtained to analyse the alignment of the lower extremity and ratio of the knee joint space (medial/lateral compartment). Knee pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale, and knee ambulation activities were evaluated using the American Knee Society score preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Medial pain relief was observed in almost all patients after proximal fibular osteotomy. Most patients exhibited improved walking postoperatively. Weight-bearing lower extremity radiographs showed an average increase in the postoperative medial knee joint space. Additionally, obvious correction of alignment was observed in the whole lower extremity radiographs in 8 of 47 patients. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that proximal fibular osteotomy effectively relieves pain and improves joint function in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis at a mean of 13.38 months postoperatively.
Rickettsia rickettsii-induced cellular injury of human vascular endothelium in vitro

The endothelial cell is the putative primary target cell in humans infected with Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Although the clinical manifestations of infection by this organism are well documented, the mechanism of injury to the endothelial cell is not understood. The ability to culture human endothelial cells in vitro provides a unique system with which to study this host-parasite interaction directly. Human vascular endothelial cells derived from the umbilical vein, when infected by R. rickettsii, became severely damaged within a few days postinfection. The primary lesion observed at the ultrastructural level appeared to occur at intracellular membranes, specifically, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Widespread dilatation of these membranes eventually led to the creation of large intracellular cisternae and the apparent circumscription of rickettsiae and cellular organelles by the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Small membrane-bound fragments of host cytosol created by dilating membranes also were present within the cisternae. Within 5 to 6 days postinfection, cells lost their osmoregulatory control and lysed. Some possible mechanisms of cell injury directed at the level of intracellular membranes are discussed.
Natural Killer cell control of BRAFV600E mutant melanoma during targeted therapy

Pharmacologic inhibition of the mutant BRAFV600E protein in advanced BRAFV600E melanoma results in a high proportion of patients that respond, but few with durable responses. We have recently revealed that Natural Killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the BRAFV600E inhibitor control of melanoma metastases in mice that may be therapeutically exploited to help overcome drug resistance.
A Biaxial Stretchable Interconnect With Liquid-Alloy-Covered Joints on Elastomeric Substrate

This paper reports a biaxial stretchable interconnect on an elastomeric substrate. To increase the stretchability of interconnects, a 2-D diamond-shaped geometry of gold on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate was adopted in which the potentially breakable points were covered with room temperature liquid alloy. Finite element model simulations were performed to identify the most vulnerable points subjected to stress concentration and optimize the design process. Simulations also indicated an optimum gold thickness and linewidth that result in a minimum stress when the substrate is stretched. Four different geometries were designed, fabricated, and characterized. These included: 1) 2-D diamond-shaped gold lines connected at circular junctions with an intersection angle of 90deg; 2) 2-D diamond-shaped gold lines connected at circular junctions with intersection angles of 120deg and 60deg; 3) 2-D diamond-shaped gold lines separated at circular junctions with an intersection angle of 90deg; and 4) 2-D diamond-shaped gold lines separated at circular junctions with intersection angles of 120 deg and 60deg. A maximum stretchability (DeltaL/L) of ~ 60% was achieved for the design in which the lines and circles were separated and had intersection angles of 120deg and 60deg. A resistance variation of (DeltaR/R) ~ 30% was measured for this configuration.
An analysis of various routing protocols for Precision Agriculture using Wireless Sensor Network

Precision Agriculture is the concept of real-time monitoring of environmental conditions of a farm like temperature, humidity, soil PH etc. And to convey the monitored parameters to the remote server in order to take appropriate action, instead an actuator or an automated system can also be used to take appropriate action based on the measured parameters over a period of time. Wireless Sensor Networks is a promising technology for real-time monitoring and control. In this paper we analyze various routing protocols like AOMDV (Ad-hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing), AODV (Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector Routing), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) and Integrated MAC and Routing protocol (IMR) for precision agriculture using WSN.