Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-based Treatment of Serious Bacterial Infections in Newborns and Young Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Three Antibiotic Regimens

Background: Sepsis in the neonatal period is a major cause of child mortality in low-income countries. Hospitalization and parenteral penicillin/ampicillin and gentamicin therapy are recommended for management. Many families, however, are unable to access hospital care, and most home-delivered newborns who develop sepsis die without receiving antibiotic therapy. Appropriate community-based therapy in such situations is undefined. We compared failure rates of 3 clinic-based antibiotic regimens in 0- to 59-day-old infants with possible serious bacterial infection whose families refused hospitalization in Karachi communities with high neonatal mortality rates >45/1000 live births. Methods: Eligible infants were randomly assigned to 7 days of: (1) procaine penicillin [50,000 units/kg once daily (OD) by intramuscular injection (IM)] and gentamicin (5 mg/kg OD IM) reference arm, (2) ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg OD IM), or (3) oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) at 10 mg/kg/day divided twice daily and gentamicin IM OD. Primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as death, deterioration in clinical condition during therapy or no improvement after 2 days. Results: Possible serious bacterial infection was diagnosed in 704 infants, among 5766 screened. Among 434 (61.6%) randomized to clinic-based therapy, there were 13 of 145 failures with penicillin-gentamicin, 22 of 145 with ceftriaxone and 26 of 143 with TMP-SMX-gentamicin. Treatment failure was significantly higher with TMP-SMX-gentamicin compared with penicillin-gentamicin [relative risk 2.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.09 – 3.79] by intention-to-treat analysis. Differences were not significant in the ceftriaxone versus penicillin-gentamicin comparison [relative risk 1.69, 95% confidence interval 0.89–3.23). By 14 days, there were 2 deaths in the penicillin-gentamicin group, 3 in the ceftriaxone group and 11 in the TMP-SMX-gentamicin group [relative risk 5.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.26–24.72 (group 3 versus 1)]. Conclusion: When hospitalization of sick infants is unfeasible, outpatient therapy with injectable antibiotics is an effective option. Procaine penicillin-gentamicin was superior to TMP-SMX-gentamicin. Ceftriaxone is a more expensive option, and may be less effective, although this requires further research.
Information Fusion for Semi-supervised Cluster Labelings

Clustering analysis is a widely used technique to find hidden patterns of a data set. Combining multiple clustering results into a consensus clustering (cluster ensemble) is a popular and efficient method to improve the quality of clustering analysis. Many algorithms were proposed in the literature and most of which are unsupervised learning techniques. In this paper, we proposed a semi-supervised cluster ensemble algorithm. It is so-called semi-supervised because labels of some data points in the given data set are known or provided by experts. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we compare it with other well-known algorithms, such as MCLA and BCE.
The Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) Symptom Endorsement and Self-Reported Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been a controversial diagnosis with arguments that the disorder could be better classified as a dissociative disorder, grief reaction, or a stress reaction rather than an anxiety disorder. This study identified individuals who self reported feeling anxious, and also met criterion for PTSD using data from activeduty military personnel who completed the 2008 Health Related Behaviors Questionnaire. Participants included those who 1) self-reported feelings of anxiety, 2) completed screens of PTSD, generalized anxiety and depression. Only a little more than 50% of those who met criterion for probable PTSD based on the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian (PCL-C) stated they were feeling anxious or were in treatment for anxiety. The overlap of symptoms of PTSD with screens for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and depression was remarkably non-existent. PCL-C scores suggest 5.3% of those with probable PTSD also reported feeling anxious and 4.3% of individuals with probable PTSD reported seeking help for anxiety. The most frequent symptoms found in those individuals who reported feeling anxious were more often endorsing symptoms of avoidance, while those who did not self report feelings of anxiety showed significantly lowered scores on symptoms of hyperarousal and re experiencing, and higher scores on symptoms of numbing. Implications for future classification schema and possible impact on the role of symptom structure in how and why symptom clusters occur in such variation are discussed, and how this might impact treatment and diagnostic considerations.
Query and Keyframe Representations for Ad-hoc Video Search

This paper presents a fully-automatic method that combines video concept detection and textual query analysis in order to solve the problem of ad-hoc video search. We present a set of NLP steps that cleverly analyse different parts of the query in order to convert it to related semantic concepts, we propose a new method for transforming concept-based keyframe and query representations into a common semantic embedding space, and we show that our proposed combination of concept-based representations with their corresponding semantic embeddings results to improved video search accuracy. Our experiments in the TRECVID AVS 2016 and the Video Search 2008 datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other similar approaches.
The RhoGAP activity of CYK-4/MgcRacGAP functions non-canonically by promoting RhoA activation during cytokinesis

Cytokinesis requires activation of the GTPase RhoA. ECT-2, the exchange factor responsible for RhoA activation, is regulated to ensure spatiotemporal control of contractile ring assembly. Centralspindlin, composed of the Rho family GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) MgcRacGAP/CYK-4 and the kinesin MKLP1/ZEN-4, is known to activate ECT-2, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. We report that ECT-2-mediated RhoA activation depends on the ability of CYK-4 to localize to the plasma membrane, bind RhoA, and promote GTP hydrolysis by RhoA. Defects resulting from loss of CYK-4 RhoGAP activity can be rescued by activating mutations in ECT-2 or depletion of RGA-3/4, which functions as a conventional RhoGAP for RhoA. Consistent with CYK-4 RhoGAP activity contributing to GEF activation, the catalytic domains of CYK-4 and ECT-2 directly interact. Thus, counterintuitively, CYK-4 RhoGAP activity promotes RhoA activation. We propose that the most active form of the cytokinetic RhoGEF involves complex formation between ECT-2, centralspindlin and RhoA. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.08898. 001
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycoplasma leachii Strain PG50T and the Pathogenic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony Biotype Strain Gladysdale

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (SC) is the high-consequence animal pathogen causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. We report the complete genome sequences of the pathogenic strain M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC Gladysdale and a close phylogenetic relative, Mycoplasma leachii PG50T, another bovine pathogen of the M. mycoides phylogenetic clade.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease

We studied the frequency, severity, and clinical correlations of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in 117 CERAD subjects with autopsy-confirmed AD. Eighty-three percent showed at least a mild degree of amyloid angiopathy. Thirty of 117 brains (25.6%) showed moderate to severe CAA affecting the cerebral vessels in one or more cortical regions. These brains also showed a significantly higher frequency of hemorrhages or ischemic lesions than those of subjects with little or no amyloid angiopathy (43.3% versus 23.0%; odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1 to 6.2). High CAA scores also correlated with the presence of cerebral arteriosclerosis and with older age at onset of dementia. Our findings suggest that factors contributing to non-AD-related vascular pathology (e.g., atherosclerosis) may play a role in amyloid deposition in cerebral vessels in AD. NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 1592-1596
Impact of the information system on decision-making within the company

Big data refers to a large volume of data — both structured and unstructured — that influences a business on a day-to-day basis. The most important is what the organizations do with the data and not the amount. Big data can be analyzed for insights that lead to better decisions and strategic. Big data is playing an important role for decision making and also makes the company more competitive. The aim of this research is to better understand the importance of the multiplication of decision support systems on the decision-making process.
Interactive design and animation of crowds for large environments. (Conception et animation interactive de foules pour de vastes environnements)

Crowds are increasingly present in audio-visual media, such as movies or video games. They help to strengthen the immersion of the subject in the virtual environment. However, creating crowds is most of the time based on models hard to master and which do not offer a direct control on the motion that you want to create. In this thesis we propose contributions for designing crowd motions through interactive and intuitive tools. Firstly, we present an interactive method for designing the crowds by distorting it like clay. The user can stretch, compress and twist the overall shape of the crowd to give it the shape he or she wishes. The inner characters of the crowd automatically adapt to the new shape imposed by the user. Secondly, we present a method to paint the motion and the density of the crowd to create it. We offer the opportunity to the user to create crowds by painting a grayscale density map and a motion map by gradients. Its colored maps are transformed by our system to crowds, thanks to our iterative algorithm seeking to optimize the different values of colored maps. Crowds obtained by these methods can occupy a very large space and are animated indefinitely. Unlike conventional methods of creating crowds, that are based on the adjustment of model parameters, our methods allow to design crowd motions based on higher level features of the crowd, as its overall shape, its internal movement or density. This offers the possibility to simply, quickly and intuitively create animated crowd contents.
JEWS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD

The past decade has witnessed the impressive growth in the field of Islamicate Jewish studies. ' This growth continued a process that has been going on since the 1950s. Prior to that period, much of the research devoted to the Jews of the Islamic world followed in the path established by the Wissenschaft des Judentums scholars of the nineteenth century and dealt with the history, literature, and thought of the medieval period. Judaica scholars would occasionally publish a post-medieval or even a contemporary Judeo-Arabic or Judeo-Persian text, but only as a philological curiosity. Only the French ethnographers and linguists (both Jewish and non-Jewish) at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century seemed to take any academic interest in living Islamicate Jews, and then only in those in their North African possessions. These French scholars were inspired with a genuine scholarly curiosity combined with the more utilitarian impetus to "know thy native. " During the years of the Palestinian Mandate, several ethnographic studies had been conducted among the Yemenites, of which the most notable full-length monographs were Erich Brauer's Ethnologie derJemenitischen Juden (Heidelberg, 1934) and S. D. Goitein's Jemenica: Sprichworter und Redensarten aus Zentral-Jeman (Leipzig, 1934). More than anything else two events affected the course of Islamicate Jewish studies in the late 1940s and early 1950s. These were (1) the mass exodus of the Jewish populations from much of the Muslim world following the establishment of the State of Israel, and (2) the study of the non-literary documents of the Cairo Geniza. With the mass emigration of Jews from the Islamic world (and more particularly from the Arab countries) to Israel and France, a need was felt for a salvage operation to learn as much about these traditional Jewish cultures before they disappeared in the Israeli melting pot in the once instance or assimilated under the allures of Gallic culture in the
German Adaptation of the Skindex-29 Questionnaire on Quality of Life in Dermatology: Validation and Clinical Results

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has increasingly been recognized as an important aspect of a comprehensive clinical assessment in dermatology. Objective: The aim of the present study was to translate and validate one of the most frequently used and established skin disease-specific HRQOL questionnaires originally developed in English for the German language area: the Skindex-29. Methods: 295 in-patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis completed the German translation of the Skindex as well as a number of additional skin disease-specific questionnaires. Data from 2 subsamples were analysed separately to test for the robustness of results. Results: Results from principal component analyses supported the scale structure of the original Skindex. Internal consistency coefficients were high for all scales. Further analyses supported the convergent validity of the German adaptation of the Skindex-29 as well as its sensitivity to change. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of the Skindex-29.
Modal optical modelling of a test system for ultra-low-noise transition edge sensors for space science

For all high-performance detectors, well-understood optical test systems are needed for precise characterisation and calibration. A cryogenic variable temperature blackbody load has been developed to test the optical efficiencies of ultra-low-noise (NEP ~ 10-19 WHz-1/2) Transition Edge Sensors for space science. The few-mode, partially coherent illumination conditions of the measurement system are engineered to be precisely the same as those of the telescope. We have used a SPICA/SAFARI-like telescope/detector for demonstration purposes. The essential difference between the test system and an equivalent representation of the telescope's optics is that the telescope has a lens of effective focal length f, but the test system does not. A key part of our analysis is to describe behaviour in terms of the optical modes of the test system, as distinct from the optical modes of the detector under test. In the paper we describe the analysis of the test assembly in terms of signal power, background power and photon noise.
Spatial and energetic-entropic decomposition of surface tension in lipid bilayers from molecular dynamics simulations

The spatial and groupwise distribution of surface tension in a fully hydrated 256 lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer is determined from a 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation by resolving the normal and lateral pressures in space through the introduction of a local virial. The resulting surface tension is separated into contributions from different types of interactions and pairwise terms between lipid headgroups, chains and water. By additionally performing a series of five simulations at constant areas ranging from 0.605 to 0.665 nm2 (each of 6 ns length), it is possible to independently resolve the energetic contributions to surface tension from the area dependence of the interaction energies. This also enables us to calculate the remaining entropic part of the tension and the thermal expansivity. Together with the total lateral pressures this yields a full decomposition of surface tension into energetic and entropic contributions from electrostatics, Lennard-Jones and bonded interactions between lipid chains, headgroups and water molecules. The resulting total surface tension in the bilayer is found to be a sum of very large terms of opposing signs, explaining the sensitivity of simulation surface tension to details in force fields. Headgroup and headgroup–water interactions are identified as attractive on average while the chain region wants to expand the bilayer. Both effects are dominated by entropic contributions but there are also substantial energetic terms in the hydrophobic core. The net lateral pressure is small and relatively smooth compared to the individual components, in agreement with experimental observations of DPPC lipids forming stable bilayers.The spatial and groupwise distribution of surface tension in a fully hydrated 256 lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer is determined from a 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation by resolving the normal and lateral pressures in space through the introduction of a local virial. The resulting surface tension is separated into contributions from different types of interactions and pairwise terms between lipid headgroups, chains and water. By additionally performing a series of five simulations at constant areas ranging from 0.605 to 0.665 nm2 (each of 6 ns length), it is possible to independently resolve the energetic contributions to surface tension from the area dependence of the interaction energies. This also enables us to calculate the remaining entropic part of the tension and the thermal expansivity. Together with the total lateral pressures this yields a full decomposition of surface tension into energetic and entropic contributions from electrostatics, Lennard-Jones and bonded interaction.
Rendering multi-view plus depth data on light-field displays

This paper presents an approach for rendering heavily extrapolated novel views to be used as input for light-field displays. This view generation method builds on a combination and enhancement of existing methods. The interpolation quality is assured by detecting and keeping the most reliable gap area information from the content using depth layers. Concerning the extrapolation process, which is the most important part of this paper, we implemented an algorithm that prefers isophotes lines in order to reconstruct objects and patterns using gradient filling and Poisson reconstruction. Using the algorithms described, it is possible to generate wide baseline light field data from Multi-View plus Depth (MVD) data of moderate baseline. The approach is demonstrated by generating interpolated and extrapolated views for feeding a HoloVizio large-scale display with captured video data.
The use of symmetrical "do" and "don't" requests to interrupt ongoing activities.

The results of a modified functional analysis demonstrated that aggression, displayed by a 27-year-old man, was occasioned by the use of "don't" requests to interrupt the client's ongoing and often inappropriate activities (e.g., lying on the floor, pica, inappropriate touching of others). Subsequent analyses demonstrated that aggression was lower when ongoing activities were interrupted with symmetrical "do" requests than with "don't" requests. An intervention utilizing symmetrical "do" requests (i.e., prompting an individual to engage in an incompatible behavior) to interrupt such activities resulted in reduced levels of aggression.
Model independence in swarm robotics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and illustrate the development of a methodology for generating swarms using lossless flocking.Design/methodology/approach – A general methodology for swarm design is described. Examples of this approach in the literature are examined. A general requirement for lossless flocking is developed. The requirement is used in developing two swarm behaviors.Findings – It is possible to apply the approach to the lossless flocking and to use the swarm condition to develop two swarm behaviors which satisfy this condition in many situations.Research limitations/implications – This paper illustrates the general swarm engineering method and demonstrates how it can be properly applied.Originality/value – The swarm engineering method is used to develop the “quark” model, a new physicomimetic model.
Exact description of free electromagnetic wave fields in terms of rays.

A set of representations are proposed for vector electromagnetic waves in free space (or homogeneous media) of any state of coherence. These representations take the form of a radiance, i.e., the weight of a ray. The intensity, energy density or Poynting vector at any point correspond simply to the sum of the weights of all the rays through that point. This formalism is valid even for fields with components traveling in all directions, but without evanescent components.
Variable-rate variable-power M-FSK scheme for power limited systems

The first two authors have proposed a variable-rate and fixed-power (VRFP) non-coherent M-ary frequency shift keying (M-FSK) scheme for power limited systems [F.F. Digham and M.S. Alouini (September 2002)], [F.F. Digham and M.S. Alouini (November 2002]. In this paper, we propose a variable-rate and variable-power (VRVP) scheme which offers some additional power saving. In this scheme, we impose the power assignment function as a design variable to minimize the objective function which is the average transmitted power while meeting the average spectral efficiency and bit error rate (BER) constraints. The power allocation mechanism is executed based on the channel gain feedback estimates. Our results show that the proposed system provides power saving varying from roughly 2.3 up to 5 dB. Moreover, the power loading function exhibits two interesting features. The first is that its peak is always less than the fixed amount of power used to guarantee the same system performance. The second is the self control type of behavior in which the peak occurs at a moderate value of channel gain while it tends to allocate less power at both high and low values of channel gain. We further investigate the problem with an additional maximum power constraint. In this case, we obtain a modified power loading function which can still fulfil the rate constraint up to a certain limit after which there is a rate maximum-power tradeoff.
Endosperm development in Zea mays; implication of gametic imprinting and paternal excess in regulation of transfer layer development

Fertilisation in maize (Zea mays), in common with most angiosperms, involves two fusion events: one of the two sperm nuclei unites with the egg cell nucleus, while the other sperm nucleus fuses with the two central cell nuclei giving rise to the triploid endosperm. Since deviation from this nuclear ratio (2:1 maternal/paternal) in the endosperm can result in abortion, it has been suggested that the genomes of the sperm and/or central cell are differentially imprinted during sexual development. By crossing a normal diploid maize line as female with its autotetraploid counterpart, an unbalanced genomic ratio (2:2 maternal/paternal) is created in the endosperm which often results in the eventual abortion of the tissue. Detailed structural comparison of these aberrant endosperms with normal endosperms reveals that the formation of the transfer cell layer, a tissue formed some 8 days after pollination and responsible for the transport of nutrients into the endosperm, is almost completely suppressed under conditions of paternal genomic excess. The first structural analysis of the development of this tissue in normal and aberrant endosperms is reported, and the implications of regulating the formation of such a tissue by gametically imprinted genes are discussed in the light of current theories on the consequences of genomic imbalance on early embryonic development.