Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cysteine protease activity disturbs DNA replication and prevents mitosis in the early mitotic cell cycles of sea urchin embryos

Recent findings suggested that the role of cysteine proteases would not be limited to protein degradation in lysosomes but would also play regulatory functions in more specific cell mechanisms. We analyzed here the role of these enzymes in the control of cell cycle during embryogenesis. The addition of the potent cysteine protease inhibitor E64d to newly fertilized sea urchin eggs disrupted cell cycle progression, affecting nuclear as well as cytoplasmic characteristic events. Monitoring BrdU incorporation in E64d treated eggs demonstrated that DNA replication is severely disturbed. Moreover, this drug treatment inhibited male histones degradation, a step that is necessary for sperm chromatin remodeling and precedes the initiation of DNA replication in control eggs. This inhibition likely explains the DNA replication disturbance and suggests that S phase initiation requires cysteine protease activity. In turn, activation of the DNA replication checkpoint could be responsible for the consecutive block of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB). However, in sea urchin early embryos this checkpoint doesn't control the mitotic cytoplasmic events that are not tightly coupled with NEB. Thus the fact that microtubule spindle is not assembled and cyclin B‐cdk1 not activated under E64d treatment more likely rely on a distinct mechanism. Immunofluorescence experiments indicated that centrosome organization was deficient in absence of cysteine protease activity. This potentially accounts for mitotic spindle disruption and for cyclin B mis‐localization in E64d treated eggs. We conclude that cysteine proteases are essential to trigger S phase and to promote M phase entry in newly fertilized sea urchin eggs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real-Time Chord Recognition for Live Performance

This paper describes work aimed at creating an efficient, real-time, robust and high performance chord recognition system for use on a single instrument in a live performance context. An improved chroma calculation method is combined with a classification technique based on masking out expected note positions in the chromagram and minimising the residual energy. We demonstrate that our approach can be used to classify a wide range of chords, in real-time, on a frame by frame basis. We present these analysis techniques as externals for Max/MSP. © July 2009- All copyright remains with the individual authors.
Largest Matching Areas for Illumination and Occlusion Robust Face Recognition

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to face recognition which simultaneously tackles three combined challenges: 1) uneven illumination; 2) partial occlusion; and 3) limited training data. The new approach performs lighting normalization, occlusion de-emphasis and finally face recognition, based on finding the largest matching area (LMA) at each point on the face, as opposed to traditional fixed-size local area-based approaches. Robustness is achieved with novel approaches for feature extraction, LMA-based face image comparison and unseen data modeling. On the extended YaleB and AR face databases for face identification, our method using only a single training image per person, outperforms other methods using a single training image, and matches or exceeds methods which require multiple training images. On the labeled faces in the wild face verification database, our method outperforms comparable unsupervised methods. We also show that the new method performs competitively even when the training images are corrupted.
Chemical sources of haze formation in Titan ’ s atmosphere

A prominent feature of Titan’s atmosphere is a thick haze region that acts as the end product of hydrocarbon and nitrile chemistry. Using a one-dimensional photochemical model, an investigation into the chemical mechanisms responsible for the formation of this haze region is conducted. The model derives pro4les for Titan’s atmospheric constituents that are consistent with observations. Included is an updated benzene pro4le that matches more closely with—recent ISO observations (Icarus 161 (2003) 383), replacing the pro4le given in the benzene study of Wilson et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) 5014). Using these pro4les, pathways from polyynes, aromatics, and nitriles are considered, as well as possible copolymerization among the pathways. The model demonstrates that the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the lower stratosphere plays an important role in furnishing the main haze layer, with nitriles playing a secondary role. The peak chemical production of haze layer ranges from 140 to 300 km peaking at an altitude of 220 km, with a production rate of 3:2 × 10−14 g cm−2 s−1. Possible mechanisms for polymerization and copolymerization and suggestions for further kinetic study are discussed, along with the implications for the distribution of haze in Titan’s atmosphere. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cross- Coupling Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter for 5G FR2 Band

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter structures based on six-degree cross-coupled folded configuration are considered. Various magnetic and electric cross-couplings configurations can improve filter stopband performance or decrease in-band group delay ripple or both properties simultaneously, compared to conventional Chebyshev prototype. For these purposes a novel implementation of negative cross-coupling scheme consisting of so-called “double-sided short-circuited coplanar waveguide (CPW) line” is proposed. The four SIW bandpass filters with the same center frequency of 28 GHz and bandwidth of 1.2 GHz for implementation on a single-layer Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.254 mm are synthesized. Obtained quasi-elliptic cross-coupled filters are compact and attractive for 5G FR2 applications.
Point of Care Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis by Detecting the Responsible VOCs in Exhaled Breath using ZnO Homojunction Diode

In the present paper, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) homojunction based vapor sensor device was developed for point of care diagnosis of liver fibrosis by detection of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath of the patient suffering from that disease. Among the various VOCs present in the exhaled breath, three vapor species act as potential biomarkers for detection of liver fibrosis namely acetone, ethanol and isopropanol (with acetone being the primary biomarker). Thus, to detect liver fibrosis through the exhaled breath, a cost-effective ZnO homojunction vapor sensor device was fabricated by depositing sol gel grown sodium (Na) doped thin film on top of ZnO nanotubes by dip coating method. The fabricated sensor displayed a good sensing performance towards acetone, ethanol and isopropanol with response magnitude of 24.9%, 7.3% and 4.1% respectively. The lowest limit detection achieved by the sensor device was 1 ppm for acetone vapor and 50 ppm for ethanol and isopropanol vapor. Such device was found to be successfully discriminate between a healthy person and a patient suffering from liver fibrosis.
Response to Instruction as a Means of Identifying Students with Reading/Learning Disabilities

To examine a response to treatment model as a means for identifying students with reading/learning disabilities, 45 second-grade students at risk for reading problems were provided daily supplemental reading instruction and assessed after 10 weeks to determine if they met a prior criteria for exit. Students who met criteria no longer received supplemental instruction. Those who did not were regrouped and supplemental instruction was continued for another 10 weeks. After 20 weeks of supplemental instruction, students who still had not met criteria were provided another 10 weeks of supplemental instruction. Students who never met criteria were classified as no exit. Pretest scores on fluency, passage comprehension, and rapid naming were the significant predictors of students who did not meet exit criteria.
PLEKHA7 Recruits PDZD11 to Adherens Junctions to Stabilize Nectins*

PLEKHA7 is a junctional protein implicated in stabilization of the cadherin protein complex, hypertension, cardiac contractility, glaucoma, microRNA processing, and susceptibility to bacterial toxins. To gain insight into the molecular basis for the functions of PLEKHA7, we looked for new PLEKHA7 interactors. Here, we report the identification of PDZ domain-containing protein 11 (PDZD11) as a new interactor of PLEKHA7 by yeast two-hybrid screening and by mass spectrometry analysis of PLEKHA7 immunoprecipitates. We show that PDZD11 (17 kDa) is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells, where it forms a complex with PLEKHA7, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. The N-terminal Trp-Trp (WW) domain of PLEKHA7 interacts directly with the N-terminal 44 amino acids of PDZD11, as shown by GST-pulldown assays. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that PDZD11 is localized at adherens junctions in a PLEKHA7-dependent manner, because its junctional localization is abolished by knock-out of PLEKHA7, and is rescued by re-expression of exogenous PLEKHA7. The junctional recruitment of nectin-1 and nectin-3 and their protein levels are decreased via proteasome-mediated degradation in epithelial cells where either PDZD11 or PLEKHA7 have been knocked-out. PDZD11 forms a complex with nectin-1 and nectin-3, and its PDZ domain interacts directly with the PDZ-binding motif of nectin-1. PDZD11 is required for the efficient assembly of apical junctions of epithelial cells at early time points in the calcium-switch model. These results show that the PLEKHA7-PDZD11 complex stabilizes nectins to promote efficient early junction assembly and uncover a new molecular mechanism through which PLEKHA7 recruits PDZ-binding membrane proteins to epithelial adherens junctions.
Testosterone and oxidative stress: the oxidation handicap hypothesis

Secondary sexual traits (SST) are usually thought to have evolved as honest signals of individual quality during mate choice. Honesty of SST is guaranteed by the cost of producing/maintaining them. In males, the expression of many SST is testosterone-dependent. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis has been proposed as a possible mechanism ensuring honesty of SST on the basis that testosterone, in addition to its effect on sexual signals, also has an immunosuppressive effect. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis has received mixed support. However, the cost of testosterone-based signalling is not limited to immunosuppression and might involve other physiological functions such as the antioxidant machinery. Here, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone depresses resistance to oxidative stress in a species with a testosterone-dependent sexual signal, the zebra finch. Male zebra finches received subcutaneous implants filled with flutamide (an anti-androgen) or testosterone, or kept empty (control). In agreement with the prediction, we found that red blood cell resistance to a free radical attack was the highest in males implanted with flutamide and the lowest in males implanted with testosterone. We also found that cell-mediated immune response was depressed in testosterone-treated birds, supporting the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. The recent finding that red blood cell resistance to free radicals is negatively associated with mortality in this species suggests that benefits of sexual signalling might trade against the costs derived from oxidation.
A High Efficiency Doherty Amplifier with Digital Predistortion for WiMAX

The Doherty amplifier architecture is a well known technique offering the potential to improve transmitter efficiency especially for signal protocols that exhibit high peak-toaverage power ratios. Although the Doherty approach has significant efficiency advantages, it generally must be augmented with some form of correction or linearity enhancement in the full transmitter design. Wireless infrastructure applications have demanding linearity and spectral mask specifications. The latest WiMAX standards present a particular challenge with their combination of very high peak-to-average power ratios, 10 MHz or wider channel bandwidths and high linearity standards. This article demonstrates a 2.5-2.7 GHz Doherty amplifier that achieves, when augmented with digital predistortion, 8 watts of WiMAX average output power at greater than 47% efficiency, while satisfying demanding spectral mask specifications. The appeal of the Doherty amplifier configuration is that it involves familiar core amplifier designs connected in a manner that maintains high efficiency over an extended input signal range. Doherty development has been energized by the latest generations of transistors and is well represented in recent literature [1-5]. Applying the Doherty approach to modern WiMAX signals can present unique challenges. In particular, WiMAX signals combine two challenging features: wide video bandwidth of 10 MHz or greater, and large peak-to-average ratios of 10 dB or greater. Additionally, the latest WiMAX standards require that the spectral emissions mask (SEM) at close offsets (1.5 MHz) be at least –45 dB. A typical amplifier (without correction) will exceed this level by 15 to 20 dB, resulting in a significant correction demand for the digital predistortion circuitry. The technologies applicable to this challenge have improved in three areas:
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We used two different methods of region of interest (ROI) definition to investigate the spatial accuracy of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at low and high spatial resolution. The " single-condition localizer " consisted of block alternation between a target stimulus and a mean gray background. The " differential localizer " consisted of block alternation between the target stimulus and another stimulus that filled the complement of the visual field. A separate series of scans, in which the target stimulus was presented briefly with long inter-stimulus intervals, was used to measure the hemodynamic impulse response function (HIRF). As expected, the differential localizer defined more restricted ROIs that better matched the predicted cortical representation of the target stimulus. However, at low resolution (3-mm isotropic) many voxels that responded positively to the target stimulus in the differential protocol responded negatively to the target stimulus in the single-condition localizer and in the HIRF measurements. The localization errors were attributed to voxels near large veins, which were identified based on low mean intensity and high variance. At high resolution (1.2-mm isotropic), the effects of large veins were present, but affected a smaller number of voxels. Thus, the use of differential localizers does not necessarily result in a more accurate indication of the underlying neural activity. Localization errors are reduced at higher spatial resolutions and can be eliminated by identification and removal of voxels dominated by large veins.
Software defect prediction using process metrics elasticsearch engine case study

New technology advances provide more sophisticated features which increasingly require complex software. The growing complexity of software presents a significant challenge to software quality and reliability. The prediction of defects in software is aimed at maintaining software quality without allocating a lot of resources in the quality assurance activities. The distribution of defects in modules is not uniform. Defect prediction models can locate the most defective modules. In this study, software defect prediction was conducted using the source code of the ElasticSearch engine. The Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes and J48 techniques were used to learn from previous versions and predict defects in upcoming releases. The J48 outperformed the Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes. The quality and accuracy of the prediction models was evaluated using basic performance measures and the 10-fold cross validation.
Sentence Simplification for Question Generation

Automatic generation of basic, factual questions from a single sentence is a problem that has received a considerable amount of attention. Some studies have suggested splitting this problem into two parts: first, decomposing the source sentence into a set of smaller, simple sentences, and then transforming each of these sentences into a question. This paper outlines a novel method for the first part, combining two techniques recently developed for related NLP problems. Our method uses a trained classifier to determine which phrases of the source sentence are potential answers to questions, and then creates different compressions of the sentence for each one. Index Terms – Sentence Simplification, Question Generation.
Decoupling Technique for the E-plane Array Microstrip Antenna Configuration

This paper presents a co-linearly polarized microstrip antenna placed in an E-plane configuration with high isolation for WLAN applications (5.8 GHz). The proposed antenna has reduced the mutual coupling without the use of any complex circuit, by using an innovative combination of: −1) a metallic vias wall through the substrate to minimize the E-field coupling, 2) four rectangular slots in the ground plane near the non-radiating edge of antenna helps to mitigate the H-field coupling. The proposed design provides an isolation of 30 dB over the band 5.72-5.85 GHz and a peak isolation of 45 dB at 5.8 GHz, along with 5.8 dBi gain and cross-pol level is less than 20 dB in the broadside direction. The proposed planar antenna design process is described and verified using the CST-Microwave full wave simulator.
I never saw that before: A deeper view of video analysis in teacher education

Abstract This article presents a method for observation and analysis of video tapes called “deep viewing. ” Deep viewing is a method for observation and analysis of visual information through the use of communal talk, pictures, and writing. It offers a framework for analyzing visual information and for building meaning from it. It may be used by educators, preservice teachers, students, artists, researchers, and general audiences to examine different kinds of visual information—video, film, television, computer programs, art work, print advertisements, or field observations. Applications of deep viewing to teacher education are explained. The deep viewing method is described, and extension activities that connect information gained through an examination of video tapes to a greater understanding of teaching are detailed. Examples of comments made by preservice teachers who have used the method are presented and, in order to illustrate a range of understandings that may be gained through its use, adaptation.
Robots for Humanity : A Case Study in Assistive Mobile Manipulation

Assistive mobile manipulators have the potential to one day serve as surrogates and helpers for people with disabilities, giving them the freedom to perform tasks such as scratching an itch, picking up a cup, or socializing with their families. This article introduces a collaborative project with the goal of putting assistive mobile manipulators into real homes to work with people with disabilities. Through a participatory design process in which users have been actively involved from day one, we are identifying and developing assistive capabilities for the PR2 robot. Our approach is to develop a diverse suite of open source software tools that blend the capabilities of the user and the robot. Within this article, we introduce the project, describe our progress, and discuss lessons we have learned.
Representation of Vestibular and Visual Cues to Self-Motion in Ventral Intraparietal Cortex

Convergence of vestibular and visual motion information is important for self-motion perception. One cortical area that combines vestibular and optic flow signals is the ventral intraparietal area (VIP). We characterized unisensory and multisensory responses of macaque VIP neurons to translations and rotations in three dimensions. Approximately one-half of VIP cells show significant directional selectivity in response to optic flow, one-half show tuning to vestibular stimuli, and one-third show multisensory responses. Visual and vestibular direction preferences of multisensory VIP neurons could be congruent or opposite. When visual and vestibular stimuli were combined, VIP responses could be dominated by either input, unlike the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) where optic flow tuning typically dominates or the visual posterior sylvian area (VPS) where vestibular tuning dominates. Optic flow selectivity in VIP was weaker than in MSTd but stronger than in VPS. In contrast, vestibular tuning for translation was strongest in VPS, intermediate in VIP, and weakest in MSTd. To characterize response dynamics, direction–time data were fit with a spatiotemporal model in which temporal responses were modeled as weighted sums of velocity, acceleration, and position components. Vestibular responses in VIP reflected balanced contributions of velocity and acceleration, whereas visual responses were dominated by velocity. Timing of vestibular responses in VIP was significantly faster than in MSTd, whereas timing of optic flow responses did not differ significantly among areas. These findings suggest that VIP may be proximal to MSTd in terms of vestibular processing but hierarchically similar to MSTd in terms of optic flow processing.
Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Plant Tissues: A Review

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a mass spectrometry based molecular ion imaging technique. It provides the means for ascertaining the spatial distribution of a large variety of analytes directly on tissue sample surfaces without any labeling or staining agents. These advantages make it an attractive molecular histology tool in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Likewise, MSI has started gaining popularity in plant sciences; yet, information regarding sample preparation methods for plant tissues is still limited. Sample preparation is a crucial step that is directly associated with the quality and authenticity of the imaging results, it therefore demands in-depth studies based on the characteristics of plant samples. In this review, a sample preparation pipeline is discussed in detail and illustrated through selected practical examples. In particular, special concerns regarding sample preparation for plant imaging are critically evaluated. Finally, the applications of MSI techniques in plants are reviewed according to different classes of plant metabolites.