Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executions in (Semi-)Integer Petri Nets are Compact Closed Categories

In this work, we analyse Petri nets where places are allowed to have a negative number of tokens. For each net we build its correspondent category of executions, which is compact closed, and prove that this procedure is functorial. We moreover exhibit that a procedure to recover the original net from its category of executions exists, that it is again functorial, and that this gives rise to an adjoint pair. Finally, we use compact closeness to infer that allowing negative tokens in a Petri net makes the causal relations between transition firings non-trivial, and we use this to model interesting phenomena in economics and computer science.
TIDieR-PHP: a reporting guideline for population health and policy interventions

We lack guidance on how to describe population health and policy (PHP) interventions in reports of evaluation studies. PHP interventions are legal, fiscal, structural, organisational, environmental, and policy interventions such as the regulation of unhealthy commodities, health service reorganisation, changes in welfare policy, and neighbourhood improvement schemes. Many PHP interventions have characteristics that are important for their implementation and success but are not adequately captured in the original Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. This article describes the development of a revised reporting template for PHP interventions (TIDieR-PHP) and presents the checklist with examples for each item
Up-cycling Data for Natural Language Generation

Museums and other cultural heritage institutions have large databases of information about the objects in their collections, and existing Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems can generate ﬂuent and adaptive texts for visitors, given appropriate input data, but there is typically a large amount of expert human effort required to bridge the gap between the available and the required data. We describe automatic processes which aim to signiﬁcantly reduce the need for expert input during the conversion and up-cycling process. We detail domain-independent techniques for processing and enhancing data into a format which allows an existing NLG system to create adaptive texts. First we normalize the dates and names which occur in the data, and we link to the Semantic Web to add extra object descriptions. Then we use Semantic Web queries combined with a wide coverage grammar of English to extract relations which can be used to express the content of database ﬁelds in language accessible to a general user. As our test domain we use a database from the Edinburgh Musical Instrument Museum.
Production potential and economics of different crop sequences

An experiment was conducted on sandy-loam soils during the rainy and winter seasons from 1996–97 to 1998–99, to determine the impact of different cropping sequences on productivity, profitability and sustainability. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system gave the highest wheat-equivalent yield (82.19 q/ha), net returns (Rs 31,912/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.28), followed by groundnut-Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson], while predominant crop sequence of area maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat gave 54.93 q/ha wheat-equivalent yield only. Groundnut-wheat cropping sequence also proved most efficient in terms of land-use efficiency and production efficiency.
Expression of markers for germ cells and oocytes in cow dermal fibroblast treated with 5-azacytidine and cultured in differentiation medium containing BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid

Summary This study aims to investigate the effect 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) during induction of pluripotency in bovine fibroblasts and to evaluate the effects of BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid in the differentiation of reprogrammed fibroblasts in primordial germ cells and oocytes. It also analysis the mRNA levels for OCT4, NANOG, REX, SOX2, VASA, DAZL, cKIT, SCP3, ZPA and GDF9 after culturing 5-Aza treated fibroblasts in the different tested medium. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 μM of 5-Aza for 18 h, 36 h or 72 h. Then, the cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10 ng/ml BMP2, 10 ng/ml BMP4 or 5% follicular fluid. After culture, morphological characteristics, viability and gene expression were evaluated by qPCR. Treatment of skin fibroblasts with 2.0 μM 5-Aza for 72 h significantly increased expression of mRNAs for SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and REX. The culture in medium supplemented with BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid for 7 or 14 days induced formation of oocyte-like cells, as well as the expression of markers for germ cells and oocyte. In conclusion, treatment of bovine skin-derived fibroblasts with 2.0 μM 5-Aza for 72 h induces the expression of pluripotency factors. Culturing these cells in differentiation medium supplemented with BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid induces morphological changes and promotes expression of markers for germ cells, meiosis and oocyte.
An Automatic Patch-based Approach for HER-2 Scoring in Immunohistochemical Breast Cancer Images Using Color Features

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide, approximately 20-25% of BCs are HER-2 positive. Analysis of HER-2 is fundamental to defining the appropriate therapy for patients with breast cancer. Inter-pathologist variability in the test results can affect diagnostic accuracy. The present study intends to propose an automatic scoring HER-2 algorithm. Based on color features, the technique is fully-automated and avoids segmentation, showing a concordance higher than 90% with a pathologist in the experiments realized.
Intelligent Resource Scheduling at Scale: A Machine Learning Perspective

Resource scheduling in a computing system addresses the problem of packing tasks with multi-dimensional resource requirements and non-functional constraints. The exhibited heterogeneity of workload and server characteristics in Cloud-scale or Internet-scale systems is adding further complexity and new challenges to the problem. Compared with,,,, existing solutions based on ad-hoc heuristics, Machine Learning (ML) has the potential to improve further the efficiency of resource management in large-scale systems. In this paper we,,,, will describe and discuss how ML could be used to understand automatically both workloads and environments, and to help to cope with scheduling-related challenges such as consolidating co-located workloads, handling resource requests, guaranteeing application’s QoSs, and mitigating tailed stragglers. We will introduce a generalized ML-based solution to large-scale resource scheduling and demonstrate its effectiveness through a case study that deals with performance-centric node classification and straggler mitigation. We believe that an MLbased method will help to achieve architectural optimization and efficiency improvement.
Downregulation of LINC 00894-002 Contributes to Tamoxifen Resistance by Enhancing the TGF-b Signaling Pathway

Tamoxifen is a widely used personalized medicine for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but approximately 30% of patients receiving the treatment relapse due to tamoxifen resistance (TamR). Recently, several reports have linked lncRNAs to cancer drug resistance. However, the role of lncRNAs in TamR is unclear. To identify TamR-related lncRNAs, we first used a bioinformatic approach to predict whether they have connection with known TamR-associated genes by starBase v2.0 and divided them into two groups. Group A contains lncRNAs that connect with known TamR genes and group B contains lncRNAs that show no predicted interaction. Among the 12 lncRNAs in group A, 58.3% of them are either upor downregulated in MCF-7/TamR cells compared to the sensitive cells. In contrast, the expression levels of all group B lncRNAs are not changed in MCF-7/TamR cells. LINC00894-002 exhibits the most sophisticated network pattern and is the most downregulated lncRNA in MCF-7/TamR cells. Moreover, we find that LINC00894-002 is directly upregulated by ERα. Knocking down LINC00894-002 downregulates expression of miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p, upregulates the expression of TGF-β2 and ZEB1, and finally contributes to TamR. Herein, we report the first case of an inhibitory lncRNA against TamR through the miR-200-TGF-β2-ZEB1 signaling pathway. DOI: 10.1134/S0006297918050139
HLA haplotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients of admixed and non‐European ancestry

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is strongly associated with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium and multiple polymorphic candidate genes in the HLA complex, identifying the alleles responsible for these associations has proven difficult. We aimed to evaluate whether studying populations of admixed or non‐European descent could help in defining the causative HLA alleles. When assessing haplotypes carrying HLA‐DRB1*13:01 (hypothesized to specifically increase the susceptibility to chronic cholangitis), we observed that every haplotype in the Scandinavian PSC population carried HLA‐DQB1*06:03. In contrast, only 65% of HLA‐DRB1*13:01 haplotypes in an admixed/non‐European PSC population carried this allele, suggesting that further assessments of the PSC‐associated haplotype HLA‐DRB1*13:01‐DQA1*01:03‐DQB1*06:03 in admixed or multi‐ethnic populations could aid in identifying the causative allele.
FSE T2-weighted two-point Dixon technique for fat suppression in the lumbar spine: comparison with SPAIR technique.

PURPOSE Fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique has been used to improve the diagnostic confidence in lumbar spine diseases. We aimed to compare T2-weighted water-fat separation technique (T2 Dixon) with spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) image for fat suppression. METHODS Lumbar spine MRI examinations were performed in 79 patients by using a 3.0 T machine. We compared T2 Dixon water-only image and SPAIR image for the evaluation of fat suppression quality and lesion conspicuity. For qualitative evaluation, two radiologists scored the images from Dixon and SPAIR for fat suppression uniformity and lesion conspicuity. Quantitative assessment was also performed for 39 lesions in 26 patients who had lesions in their spine bodies. Contrast ratio (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated by signal intensity measurement of the lesions, adjacent bodies, and background noise. The Wilcoxon's signed-rank test and paired sample t-test were used to assess the statistical significance of qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. RESULTS For qualitative assessment, T2 Dixon water-only image showed higher mean scores for fat suppression quality and lesion conspicuity than SPAIR (2.99±0.11 vs. 2.18±0.38 and 2.84±0.37 vs. 2.28±0.51, respectively). For quantitative measurement, the CR and CNR values of the lesions were higher on T2 Dixon than on SPAIR. Both qualitative and quantitative results showed statistically significant differences between T2 Dixon and SPAIR (P < 0.01 in all). CONCLUSION T2 Dixon sequence was superior to SPAIR for the quality of fat suppression and for the delineation of lumbar spine lesions.
Design of Eco Friendly Vehicle

Modern technologies have influenced many development in automobile field which been trended with attractive designs and shapes for regulating the performance and plausibility’s of emerging dynamic method. Various methodologies have leashed to work on the driving system of electronic drives of the system to increase the speed in vice to performance. New range of finding in consideration of various parameters such as potential design, practicable aerodynamic structures, enduring driving system & aesthetic aerodynamic system with feasible range of cost may lead to rapid development in favor of ecological system enables the growth, such kind of new trending environmental friendly vehicle has been fabricated with electrical and mechanical way of driving system for fortitude. This can be used for application of short drive at viable cost without the use of fossil fuels.
Voltage-gated Na+ currents in human dorsal root ganglion neurons

Available evidence indicates voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) in peripheral sensory neurons are essential for the pain and hypersensitivity associated with tissue injury. However, our understanding of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channels in sensory neurons is largely based on the study of heterologous systems or rodent tissue, despite evidence that both expression systems and species differences influence these properties. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which the biophysical and pharmacological properties of VGSCs were comparable in rat and human sensory neurons. Whole cell patch clamp techniques were used to study Na+ currents in acutely dissociated neurons from human and rat. Our results indicate that while the two major current types, generally referred to as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant were qualitatively similar in neurons from rats and humans, there were several differences that have important implications for drug development as well as our understanding of pain mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.23235. 001
SECRETORY STRUCTURES AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL SPECIES OF LAMIACEAE

The objective of the study was to perform micromorphological analyses of the secretory structures of leaves and stems of oil-bearing industrial plants from the Lamiaceae family such as lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L., syn. Origanum dubium Boiss.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, an estimation of the content of volatile substances in the plant species under study was performed using GC-MS, as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oil, that is an important component in terms of the estimation of raw material applicability for use in the industry. In the epidermal cells of studied plants, 2 types of Lamiaceae-type glandular trichomes were identified: short- and long-stalked capitate glandular trichomes with single- and bicellular secretory capitulum, and peltate glandular trichomes with eight- and over a dozen-cell secretory capitulum. Capitate trichomes were densely distributed on the surface of the epidermis, while peltate trichomes were sparse, though regular, and were situated in depressions. Glandular trichomes were found more frequently on leaves than on stems. The cuticle of the abaxial of leaf was characterized in most cases by the occurrence of larger average diameter peltate trichomes compared to the cuticle of the adaxial side of leaf. Peppermint produced the largest structures accumulating essential oil on the leaves (average diameter of peltate trichomes – 78.48 µm on the adaxial side of leaf, up to 96.43 µm), while on the stem, the highest average diameter of the peltate trichomes was observed in sage (an average of 75.53 µm, up to 85.99 µm). The lemon balm was characterized by the presence of capitate and peltate trichomes with the smallest diameter (an average of 44.26 µm). Lemon balm was characterized by the greatest density of glandular trichomes compared to other plant species. Among the plants studied, the highest content of oil was noted in the case of thyme and peppermint (2.22% and 2.20% v/w, respectively), and the lowest in green parts of lemon balm (0.17% v/w). The isolated essential oils contained predominantly components from the groups of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and it is the presence of those substances that determines the possibility of utilizing the plants studied for a variety of purposes.
Developmental competence of porcine genome‐edited zygotes

Genome editing in pigs has tremendous practical applications for biomedicine. The advent of genome editing technology, with its use of site‐specific nucleases—including ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system—has popularized targeted zygote genome editing via one‐step microinjection in several mammalian species. Here, we review methods to optimize the developmental competence of genome‐edited porcine embryos and strategies to improve the zygote genome‐editing efficiency in pigs.
Reactive molecular dynamics for the [Cl–CH3–Br]− reaction in the gas phase and in solution: a comparative study using empirical and neural network force fields

The nucleophilic substitution reaction [Cl–CH3–Br]− is used for a comparative study of several reactive molecular dynamics schemes in the gas phase and in solution. Multi surface adiabatic reactive MD (MS-ARMD) and multi-state valence bond (MS-VALBOND) use empirical force fields to allow bond-breaking and bond-formation in dynamics studies. As a third alternative, machine learning is used to obtain a reactive force field from training a neural network. The focus of the present work is on highlighting differences of the parametrisation strategy and the associated computational cost and parametrization effort, as well as discussing the transferability and the ease with which the methods can be applied to a given chemical reaction. All methods are able to fit the reference data with R2 = 0.99 or better. Free energy barrier heights in the gas phase from all three methods for the SN2 reaction compare to within 3.5 kcal mol−1 for the forward and to within 0.6 kcal mol−1 for the reverse reaction. For the reaction in solution only the MS-ARMD and MS-VALBOND approaches can be used as training a NN for this would be computationally extremely prohibitive. Overall, MS-VALBOND yields the best results compared to experiment with differences in the barrier heights of ∼1 kcal mol−1 for the reaction in solution. Potential improvements for all three methods are discussed and aim to guide computational investigation of chemical reactions applying these three methods.
FOMC Responses to Calls for Transparency: Evidence from the Minutes and Transcripts Using Latent Semantic Analysis

TheFederalReservehasbecomeincreasinglytransparentinrecentyearsinresponsetoboth internal inclinations and external calls from Congress and the private sector, yet it has stopped short of holding open FOMC meetings. Instead, the Fed releases minutes and statements to summarize its policy decisions. This paper applies Latent Semantic Analysis to FOMC transcripts and minutes from 1976—2008 in order to analyze the FOMC’s responses to calls for transparency. It reveals that two notable events explain much of the variation in transparency over this 32-year period. First, the 1978 Humphrey-Hawkins Act increased the degree to which the FOMC used meeting minutes to convey the content of its meetings. Historical evidence suggests that this was done because the Act required the Fed to tie its objectives to short-run Congressional and Presidential economic goals. Second, the 1993 decision to publish nearly verbatim transcripts also increased transparency. However, the cost was a decreasing degree of deliberation at each meeting, as evidenced by lower variance in content disagreement at the member level. By applying LSA to FOMC documents, this study presents a unique way of quantifying transparency and suggests LSA’s usefulness to other empirical studies in Economics.
Metarrestin, a perinucleolar compartment inhibitor, effectively suppresses metastasis

A compound that reduces the prevalence of perinucleolar compartment in cancer cells inhibits metastasis in vivo. Blocking metastasis from the inside Metastasis, the spread of tumor cells that often results in cancer patients’ deaths, remains difficult to treat for all cancer types. To intervene with this process, Frankowski et al. searched for inhibitors of the perinucleolar compartment, a structure located within the nuclei of cancer cells and associated with metastatic capacity. Through high-throughput screening followed by chemical optimization, the authors developed a compound they called metarrestin, which disrupts the perinuclear compartment in different types of cancer cells. They discovered that metarrestin inhibited tumor invasion and metastasis in multiple mouse models of cancer and prolonged the animals’ survival, suggesting its potential relevance for translation to patients. Metastasis remains a leading cause of cancer mortality due to the lack of specific inhibitors against this complex process. To identify compounds selectively targeting the metastatic state, we used the perinucleolar compartment (PNC), a complex nuclear structure associated with metastatic behaviors of cancer cells, as a phenotypic marker for a high-content screen of over 140,000 structurally diverse compounds. Metarrestin, obtained through optimization of a screening hit, disassembles PNCs in multiple cancer cell lines, inhibits invasion in vitro, suppresses metastatic development in three mouse models of human cancer, and extends survival of mice in a metastatic pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no organ toxicity or discernable adverse effects. Metarrestin disrupts the nucleolar structure and inhibits RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcription, at least in part by interacting with the translation elongation factor eEF1A2. Thus, metarrestin represents a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
PREPARING A NATION FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: 1 OPPORTUNITIES, BARRIERS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 2 CAPITALIZING ON SELF-DRIVEN VEHICLES

27 28 Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive and beneficial change to the way 29 in which we travel. This new technology has the potential to impact personal travel across a 30 wide array of impacts including safety, congestion, and travel behavior. All told, major social 31 AV impacts in the form of crash savings, travel time reduction, fuel efficiency and parking 32 benefits are likely on the order of $2,000 per year per AV, or $3,000 eventually increasing to 33 nearly $5,000 when comprehensive crash costs are accounted for. 34 35 Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Initial costs will likely be 36 unaffordable and licensing and testing standards in the U.S. are being developed at the state 37 level, rather than adopting a national framework, which may lead to inconsistencies across states. 38 Liability regimes remain undefined, security concerns linger, and absent new privacy standards, 39 a default lack of privacy for personal travel may become the norm. Finally, with the advent of 40 this new technology, many impacts, interactions with other components of the transportation 41 system, and implementation details remain uncertain. To address these concerns, research in 42 these areas should be expanded, and the U.S. and other countries should create nationally 43 recognized licensing structures for AVs, and determine appropriate standards for liability, 44 security, and data privacy. 45 46 2 INTRODUCTION 1 Over the past years the automobile and technology industries have made significant leaps in 2 bringing computerization into what has for over a century been exclusively a human function: 3 driving. New cars increasingly include features such as adaptive cruise control and parking assist 4 systems that allow cars to steer themselves into parking spaces. Some companies have pushed 5 the envelope even further by creating almost fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) that can navigate 6 highways and urban environments with almost no direct human input. Assuming that these 7 technologies become successful and enter the mass market, AVs have the potential to 8 dramatically change transportation. This paper serves as an introduction for transportation 9 professionals and policymakers to AV technology, potential impacts, and hurdles. 10 11 AVs may fundamentally alter transport systems. They have the potential to avert deadly crashes, 12 provide mobility to the elderly and disabled, increase road capacity, save fuel, and lower harmful 13 emissions. Complementary trends (in shared rides and vehicles) may lead us …