Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Two Telegraphic Deletion Schemes On the Reading Behavior of Braille Readers 1

This study is part of a programmatic research effort which is attempting to develop a telegraphic writing style that will increase the ease of braille reading. Three types of literature were reduced by either 20% or 40% of their words using either a subjective or a computerized frequency method. The passages were read by 36 braille readers from grades 8 to 12. Reading performance was assessed by a multiple choice comprehension test, reading rate, and reading time. No significant decrements in comprehension were obtained either as a function of the type of deletion scheme or level of deletion. Reading rates tended to be slower for the 40% passages than for the 20% ones. Increased information density and unfamiliarity with telegraphic prose may have contributed to the slower reading rates.
An Efficient Adaptive Vortex Particle Method for Real-Time Smoke Simulation

Smoke simulation is one of the interesting topics in computer animation and it usually involves turbulence generation. Efficient generation of realistic turbulent flows becomes one of the challenges in smoke simulation. Vortex particle method, which is a hybrid method that combines grid-based and particle-based approaches, is often used for generating turbulent details. However, it may cause irrational artifacts due to its initial condition and vorticity forcing approach used. In this paper, a new vorticity forcing approach based on the spatial adaptive vorticity confinement is proposed to address this problem. In this approach, the spatial adaptive vorticity confinement force varies with helicity, leading to the fact that the grid-based simulation driven by the vortex particle is now based on the velocity field. Furthermore, we introduce an adaptive vortex particle approach to improve the computational efficiency of the simulation by making the influencing region adapt with the velocity and eliminating those particles with zero velocity in the vorticity forcing method. A parallel smoke simulator integrating our approaches has been implemented using GPUswith CUDA. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods are efficient and effective for real-time smoke simulation.
The Puzzle of Delegated Revenge

Why should people ever be satisfied when a third party punishes in their name, as opposed to having the opportunity to exact revenge personally? When theories of delegated revenge are offered at all, they explain why a well-ordered society needs centralized punishment as a matter of practicality. But this doesn't adequately explain why the public actually prefers it, and why they accept some forms of delegated agents more than others. Moreover, these theories do not have a good explanation for why or when delegated revenge will fail to satisfy victims, nor when the state will indulge this preference, as it often does. In this article, I offer a novel explanation for the phenomenon of delegated revenge. Namely, I argue that victims regard punishment as an important device for restoring the losses to their self-worth and social status they suffered as a direct result of their victimization. This approach not only explains why victims delegate their revenge, but also predicts when they won't. Finally, I use this theory to propose ways we can reestablish the government's monopoly on punishment when individuals or even whole communities balk at notion of the state as an appropriate agent of their revenge.
Provisional chapter Random Beamforming in Multi-User MIMO Systems

Wireless communication paradigm has evolved from single-user single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to multi-user (MU) MIMO counterparts, which are shown greatly improving the rate performance by transmitting to multiple users simultaneously. The sum-capacity and the capacity region of a single-cell MU MIMO downlink system or the so-called MIMO broadcast channel (MIMO-BC) can be attained by the nonlinear “Dirty Paper Coding (DPC)” scheme [1] [2] [3]. However, DPC requires a high implementation complexity due to the non-linear successive encoding/decoding at the transmitter/receiver, and is thus not suitable for real-time applications. Other studies have proposed to use alternative linear precoding schemes for the MIMO-BC, e.g., the block-diagonalization scheme [4], to reduce the complexity. More information on the key developments of single-cell MIMO communication can be found in, for example, [5] [6] [7].
Isolation of the dengue virus envelope glycoprotein from membranes of infected cells by concanavalin A affinity chromatography

The membranes isolated from type 2 dengue virus-infected BHK-21/15 cells contain three glycosylated virus-specified proteins; one corresponds to the virion envelope glycoprotein, V-3, whereas the other two are nonstructural virus-specified proteins, NV-2 and NV-3. A combination of two nonionic detergents, Nonidet P-40 and Triton X-305, solubilized greater than or equal to 80% of the membrane-bound protein and the majority of the type 2 dengue virus complement-fixing antigens. The soluble material was adsorbed by concanavalin A-Sepharose in the presence of the nonionic detergents, which were subsequently removed by washing with deoxycholate-containing buffer. Finally, the bound glycoprotein was eluted by the addition of alpha-methyl glucopyranoside. V-3 was the only virus-specified protein in the alpha-methyl glucopyranoside eluate. The V-3-containing fraction did not cross-react with antisera against other selected Flaviviruses in the complement fixation tests. The V-3 contained in the isolated fraction differed from the parent membrane-bound V-3 in two interesting, and as yet unexplained, ways: (i) it exhibited hemagglutinating activity similar to that of the infectious virus, but (ii) it did not block the action of neutralizing antibody.
Potential Role for p53 in the Permissive Life Cycle of Human Cytomegalovirus

ABSTRACT Infection of primary fibroblasts with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes a rapid stabilization of the cellular protein p53. p53 is a major effector of the cellular damage response, and activation of this transcription factor can lead either to cell cycle arrest or to apoptosis. Viruses employ many tactics to avoid p53-mediated effects. One method HCMV uses to counteract p53 is sequestration into its viral replication centers. In order to determine whether or not HCMV benefits from this sequestration, we infected a p53−/− fibroblast line. We find that although these cells are permissive for viral infection, several parameters are substantially altered compared to wild-type (wt) fibroblasts. p53−/− cells show delayed and decreased accumulation of infectious viral particles compared to control fibroblasts, with the largest difference of 100-fold at 72 h post infection (p.i.) and peak titers decreased by approximately 10- to 20-fold at 144 h p.i. Viral DNA accumulation is also delayed and somewhat decreased in p53−/− cells; however, on average, levels of DNA are not more than fivefold lower than wt at any time p.i. and thus cannot account entirely for the observed differences in titers. In addition, there are delays in the expression of several key viral proteins, including the early replication protein UL44 and some of the late structural proteins, pp28 (UL99) and MCP (UL86). UL44 localization also indicates delayed formation and maturation of the replication centers throughout the course of infection. Localization of the major tegument protein pp65 (UL83) is also altered in these p53−/− cells. Partial reconstitution of the p53−/− cells with a wt copy of p53 returns all parameters toward wt, while reconstitution with mutant p53 does not. Taken together, our data suggest that wt p53 enhances the ability of HCMV to replicate and produce high concentrations of infectious virions in permissive cells.
ATTACHMENT-RELATED PREDICTORS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' PROBLEMS WITH INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY AND AGGRESSION

Although previous studies have demonstrated that measures of parental as well as intimate adult attachment security have been associated in theoretically-expected directions with indices of social competence and interpersonal distress, few investigations have concurrently examined their contributions to specific types of interpersonal problems. This study conducted regression and structural equation modeling analyses to examine the independent and interactive contributions of parental and adult attachment security scores to college students' self-reported problems with interpersonal sensitivity and aggression. Results indicated that parental and adult attachment security scores were moderately intercorrelated. In addition, models positing adult attachment orientations as mediating associations between parental attachment security and both sensitivity and aggression problems were generally supported. Models testing the potential moderating influence of adult attachment orientations were not supported.
Impact of Transmission Impairments on Demultiplexed Channels in WDMPONs Employing AWG-Based Remote Nodes

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of a passive optical network (PON) using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) by employing an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) in the remote node (RN). In such WDM-based PONs (WDMPONs) the RN demultiplexes the downstream WDM signal via distinct output ports through a static wavelength-routing mechanism. An analytical model is developed for evaluating the bit error rate (BER) performance of the demultiplexed channels as a function of the output port location in the AWG by incorporating a novel spectral-to-spatial domain transformation technique. The proposed model captures the impact of finite laser linewidth as well as the AWG characteristics in determining the received signal power at the individual optical network unit (ONU) attached to the output port (due to spectral-to-spatial mapping). Furthermore, the BER model accounts for several transmission impairments, including beat noise due to interchannel crosstalk in the AWG. Results indicate that the signal power captured by the output ports of AWGs and hence their BER values are not only determined by the Gaussian focal-field pattern of the AWG but also by the power spillover from adjacent ports for broader linewidths and higher data rates. A significant interplay is observed between data rate, source linewidth, and relevant device parameters while examining the loss and BER characteristics of a given AWG-based WDMPON.
Review: Complications of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery

COMPLICATIONS OF MINIMALLY invasive spinal surgery can be related to anesthesia, patient positioning, and surgical technique. The performance of successful minimally invasive spinal surgery is beset with several technical challenges, including the limited tactile feedback, two-dimensional video image quality of three-dimensional anatomy, and the manual dexterity needed to manipulate instruments through small working channels, which all account for a very steep learning curve. Knowledge of possible complications associated with particular minimally invasive spinal procedures can aid in their avoidance. This article reviews complications associated with minimally invasive spinal surgery in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine by reviewing reported data of sufficient detail or with sufficient numbers of patients. In addition, possible complications associated with anesthesia use, patient positioning, and surgical techniques during thoracoscopic and laparoscopic spinal procedures are reviewed.
Iterative Detection and LDPC Decoding Algorithms for MIMO Systems in Block-Fading Channels

We propose an Iterative Detection and Decoding (IDD) scheme with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems for block-fading $F = 2$ and fast fading Rayleigh channels. An IDD receiver with soft information processing that exploits the code structure and the behaviour of the log likelihood ratios (LLR)'s is developed. Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and with Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) schemes are considered. The soft \textit{a posteriori} output of the decoder in a block-fading channel with Root-Check LDPC codes has allowed us to create a new strategy to improve the Bit Error Rate (BER) of a MIMO IDD scheme. Our proposed strategy in some scenarios has resulted in up to 3dB of gain in terms of BER for block-fading channels and up to 1dB in fast fading channels.
Spatial join techniques

A variety of techniques for performing a spatial join are reviewed. Instead of just summarizing the literature and presenting each technique in its entirety, distinct components of the different techniques are described and each is decomposed into an overall framework for performing a spatial join. A typical spatial join technique consists of the following components: partitioning the data, performing internal-memory spatial joins on subsets of the data, and checking if the full polygons intersect. Each technique is decomposed into these components and each component addressed in a separate section so as to compare and contrast similar aspects of each technique. The goal of this survey is to describe the algorithms within each component in detail, comparing and contrasting competing methods, thereby enabling further analysis and experimentation with each component and allowing the best algorithms for a particular situation to be built piecemeal, or, even better, enabling an optimizer to choose which algorithms to use.
Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity During Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence of the relationship between fundamental motor skills (FMS) competence and physical activity by qualitatively describing results from 13 studies that met rigorous inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: (a) published in a peer-review journal, (b) participants were between the ages of 3–18, (c) participants were typically developing, (d) FMS was measured by a process-oriented assessment, (e) assessed physical activity, (f) related FMS and physical activity through statistical procedures, and (g) printed in English. Databases were searched for relevant articles using key terms related to FMS and physical activity. Evidence suggested low to moderate relationships between FMS competence and physical activity in early childhood (r = .16 to .48; R2 = 3–23%, 4 studies), low to high relationships in middle to late childhood (r = .24 to .55; R2 = 6–30%, 7 studies), and low to moderate relationships in adolescence (r = .14 to .35; R2 = 2–12.3%, 2 studies). Acr.
A vacuum air gap membrane distillation system for desalination

This invention relates to a vacuum air gap membrane distillation system for desalination purposes. More particularly, this invention relates to a membrane distillation system with multiple cells in which the system's flux is increased due to the temperature and pressure differential within the system. The configuration of the vacuum air gap membrane distillation system allows for latent heat within the system to be recycled effectively reducing the energy consumption of the system.
Coxsackievirus B3 protease 3C: expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary structural insights.

Viral proteases are proteolytic enzymes that orchestrate the assembly of viral components during the viral life cycle and proliferation. Here, the expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis are presented of protease 3C, the main protease of an emerging enterovirus, coxsackievirus B3, that is responsible for many cases of viral myocarditis. Polycrystalline protein precipitates suitable for X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) measurements were produced in the presence of 22-28%(w/v) PEG 4000, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, 0.2 M MgCl2 in a pH range from 7.0 to 8.5. A polymorph of monoclinic symmetry (space group C2, unit-cell parameters a = 77.9, b = 65.7, c = 40.6 Å, β = 115.9°) was identified via XRPD. These results are the first step towards the complete structural determination of the molecule via XRPD and a parallel demonstration of the accuracy of the method.
Rsp5p, a New Link between the Actin Cytoskeleton and Endocytosis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Rsp5p is an ubiquitin-protein ligase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has been implicated in numerous processes including transcription, mitochondrial inheritance, and endocytosis. Rsp5p functions at multiple steps of endocytosis, including ubiquitination of substrates and other undefined steps. We propose that one of the roles of Rsp5p in endocytosis involves maintenance and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We report the following. (i) There are genetic interactions between rsp5 and several mutant genes encoding actin cytoskeletal proteins. rsp5 arp2, rsp5 end3, and rsp5 sla2 double mutants all show synthetic growth defects. Overexpressed wild-type RSP5 or mutant rsp5 genes with lesions of some WW domains suppress growth defects of arp2 and end3 cells. The defects in endocytosis, actin cytoskeleton, and morphology of arp2 are also suppressed. (ii) Rsp5p and Sla2p colocalize in abnormal F-actin-containing clumps in arp2 and pan1 mutants. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Rsp5p and Act1p colocalize in pan1 mutants. (iii) Rsp5p and Sla2p coimmunoprecipitate and partially colocalize to punctate structures in wild-type cells. These studies provide the first evidence for an interaction of an actin cytoskeleton protein with Rsp5p. (iv) rsp5-w1 mutants are resistant to latrunculin A, a drug that sequesters actin monomers and depolymerizes actin filaments, consistent with the fact that Rsp5p is involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics.
Preferential Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform B Expression May Contribute to the Faster Velocity of Contraction in Veins versus Arteries

Smooth muscle myosin heavy chains occur in 2 isoforms, SMA (slow) and SMB (fast). We hypothesized that the SMB isoform is predominant in the faster-contracting rat vena cava compared to thoracic aorta. We compared the time to half maximal contraction in response to a maximal concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 100 nM), potassium chloride (KCl; 100 mM) and norepinephrine (NE; 10 µM). The time to half maximal contraction was shorter in the vena cava compared to aorta (aorta: ET-1 = 235.8 ± 13.8 s, KCl = 140.0 ± 33.3 s, NE = 19.8 ± 2.7 s; vena cava: ET-1 = 121.8 ± 15.6 s, KCl = 49.5 ± 6.7 s, NE = 9.0 ± 3.3 s). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction supported the greater expression of SMB in the vena cava compared to aorta. SMB was expressed to a greater extent than SMA in the vessel wall of the vena cava. Western analysis determined that expression of SMB, relative to total smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, was 12.5 ± 4.9-fold higher in the vena cava compared to aorta, while SMA was 4.9 ± 1.2-fold higher in the aorta than vena cava. Thus, the SMB isoform is the predominant form expressed in rat veins, providing one possible mechanism for the faster response of veins to vasoconstrictors.
PaMira - A Parallel SAT Solver with Knowledge Sharing

In this paper we describe PaMira, a powerful distributed SAT solver. PaMira is based on the highly optimized, sequential SAT engine Mira, incorporating all essential optimization techniques modern algorithms utilize to maximize performance. For the distributed execution an efficient work stealing method has been implemented. PaMira also employs the exchange of conflict clauses between the processes to guide the search more efficiently. We provide experimental results showing linear speedup on a multiprocessor environment with four AMD Opteron processors
Research on the Retransmit Intention of Negative Word-of-Mouth Basedon Interpersonal Trust in Mobile Internet Community

In order to prolong life of wireless sensor network, a novel clustering routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks based on energy equalization to solve the "hot hole" problems in the clustering routing protocol. Firstly, the monitoring region is divided into circular area which base station is taken as the center, and the monitoring area is divided into multi-sectors, the nodes in blocks form a cluster, and then the cluster head is selected according to the node residual energy, and the corresponding cluster communication according to the dispersion coefficient of cluster head, finally, single hop and multi hop is used to communicate between and the simulation experiment to used to test performance of the algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the network energy efficiency and achieve energy consumption balanced among nodes, so it can prolong life time of wireless sensor network.
Research and designing of boiler-turbine model linearization balance operating point based on energy-saving and non-linear measurement analysis

Boiler and Turbine control object in thermal power plant is a strongly nonlinear control system. Multi-model method is an effective way to solve the problem of nonlinear. While most multi-model controller have been designed according to the nonlinear strength of boiler-turbine control object without considering economy performance. In this paper, operation economic has been considerate. The operation condition has been classified using thermal power unit history data; then the improved K-means method has been used to get k clusters of the data for the specific operation condition and fuzzy association rule was used to get the target of the data respectively from each cluster. Finally, combined with the non-linear intensity, multi-objective optimization method is used to get the non-linear intensity distribution operating points with higher economic performance, which provides basis for designing the multi-model coordinated control system considering energy-saving and non-linear change-rate.
Chronic Subordinate Colony Housing (CSC) as a Model of Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Male Rats

Chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) is an adequate and reliable mouse model of chronic psychosocial stress, resulting in reduced body weight gain, reduced thymus and increased adrenal weight, long-lasting anxiety-like behaviour, and spontaneous colitis. Furthermore, CSC mice show increased corticotrophin (ACTH) responsiveness to acute heterotypic stressors, suggesting a general mechanism which allows a chronically-stressed organism to adequately respond to a novel threat. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to extend the CSC model to another rodent species, namely male Wistar rats, and to characterize relevant physiological, immunological, and behavioural consequences; placing particular emphasis on changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to an acute heterotypic stressor. In line with previous mouse data, exposure of Wistar rats to 19 days of CSC resulted in a decrease in body weight gain and absolute thymus mass, mild colonic barrier defects and intestinal immune activation. Moreover, no changes in stress-coping behaviour or social preference were seen; again in agreement with the mouse paradigm. Most importantly, CSC rats showed an increased plasma corticosterone response to an acute heterotypic stressor (open arm, 5 min) despite displaying similar basal levels and similar basal and stressor-induced plasma ACTH levels. In contrast to CSC mice, anxiety-related behaviour and absolute, as well as relative adrenal weights remained unchanged in CSC rats. In summary, the CSC paradigm could be established as an adequate model of chronic psychosocial stress in male rats. Our data further support the initial hypothesis that adrenal hyper-responsiveness to ACTH during acute heterotypic stressors represents a general adaptation, which enables a chronically-stressed organism to adequately respond to novel challenges.