Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TLR9 stability and signaling are regulated by phosphorylation and cell stress

Innate sensing of pathogens elicits protective immune responses through pattern recognition receptors, including Toll‐like receptors. Although signaling by Toll‐like receptors is regulated at multiple steps, including localization, trafficking, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation, the significance of post‐translational modifications and cellular stress response on Toll‐like receptor stability and signaling is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs in Toll‐like receptor‐9 stability, proteolytic cleavage, and signaling. We demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for mouse Toll‐like receptor‐9 protein stability and signaling. Upon inhibition of tyrosine kinases with piceatannol, Toll‐like receptor‐9 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CpG deoxyribonucleic acid was inhibited, which correlated with decreased signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of Src kinases with 1‐tert‐Butyl‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine also inhibited response to CpG deoxyribonucleic acid. Toll‐like receptor‐9 protein stability was also sensitive to autophagy, the cellular stress response pathway, and infection by a deoxyribonucleic acid virus. Whereas autophagy induced by rapamycin or low serum levels caused a preferential loss of the mature p80 proteolytic cleavage product, infection with herpes simplex virus‐1 and induction of cell stress with tunicamycin caused preferential loss of full‐length Toll‐like receptor‐9, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data reveal new information about the stability and signaling of Toll‐like receptor‐9 and suggest that immune evasion mechanisms may involve targeted loss of innate sensing receptors.
Innovative Drone Selfie System and Implementation

This paper proposes an innovative and first system in the world for the drone to conduct the assigned selfie-mission in a fully autonomous manner. In this system, the users can select a number of photo-templates on the APP and then the drone will autonomously fly to required positions to take the photos. In the selfie-photo templates, human stays in varied position, viewing angles, and distances to the drone inside the images. Human selects a preferable template, and then the drone will fly and shoot one photo that matches all parameters to the template without any manual control. The selfie drone system transforms the selected photo template into parameters which are subsequently used to perform the image-based visual servoing based control to enable the drone to fly to necessary position to shoot the requested selfie-photo in a fully autonomous manner. The innovative drone selfie system has been proven effective in a number of experiments.
Towards Automated Transcription of Label Text from Pinned Insect Collections

We present a computer vision system that can transcribe the text on tiny printed labels stacked beneath pinned insects (as found in museum collections). The approach uses multiple views of each label because the labels are often occluded by the pin, the insect specimen, and other labels. Our approach handles occlusion and the extreme viewing angles required to image the stacked labels. Automated image analysis identifies the lines of text and then aligns and rectifies the images. Combining the aligned and rectified images from multiple viewpoints enables us to create a composite image that can be read using optical character recognition tools (OCR) to extract the text. We provide experimental demonstration using both museum specimens and experimental test labels.
Evaluation of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid in smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different chelating solutions (17% EDTA and 10% citric acid) on the smear layer removal, and their effect on tubular dentin sealer penetration. Sixty root canals were prepared and distributed into four groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, final irrigation with 2.5 mL of distilled water; G2, final irrigation with 2.5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G3, final irrigation with 2.5 mL of 17% EDTA; and G4, final irrigation with 2.5 mL of 10% citric acid. Five specimens from each group were not filled to assess smear layer removal by scanning electron microscopy. Ten specimens from each group were filled for analysis of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Smear layer removal (Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests) and sealer penetration (F and Tukey's tests) were statistically analyzed with 95% of significance level. G3 and G4 had greater smear layer removal rates in the cervical and middle thirds, in comparison with G1 and G2 (p < .05). G3 and G4 had the highest percentages of sealer penetration in all thirds, in comparison with G1 and G2 (p < .05). Smear layer removal was effective only at the cervical and middle thirds when the chelating solutions were used. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules significantly increased in all root thirds when the specimens were treated with both chelating solutions.
How Cancer Genomics Drives Cancer Biology: Does Synthetic Lethality Explain Mutually Exclusive Oncogenic Mutations?

Large-scale analyses of cancer genomes are revealing patterns of mutations that suggest biologically significant ideas about many aspects of cancer, including carcinogenesis, classification, and preventive and therapeutic strategies. Among those patterns is “mutual exclusivity”, a phenomenon observed when two or more mutations that are commonly observed in samples of a type of cancer are not found combined in individual tumors. We have been studying a striking example of mutual exclusivity: the absence of co-existing mutations in the KRAS and EGFR proto-oncogenes in human lung adenocarcinomas, despite the high individual frequencies of such mutations in this common type of cancer. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that toxic effects of the joint expression of KRAS and EGFR mutant oncogenes, rather than loss of any selective advantages conferred by a second oncogene that operates through the same signaling pathway, are responsible for the observed mutational pattern. We discuss the potential for understanding the physiological basis of such toxicity, for exploiting it therapeutically, and for extending the studies to other examples of mutual exclusivity.
Sliding-Mode Control Composite With Disturbance Observer for Tracking Control of Mismatched Uncertain nDoF Nonlinear Systems

Due to the absence of a direct control signal in the affected states, overcoming mismatched disturbances and/or uncertainties is a difficult task in control of nonlinear systems. Up to now, several alternatives have been developed for such situations. However, there are still some limitations, such as the existence of steady-state errors and prior knowledge requirement for disturbance bounds, which restrict the application of most of the designs. The main goal of this paper is to design a novel disturbance observer scheme for dealing with both matched and mismatched uncertainties of uncertain n-degree-of-freedom (nDoF) nonlinear systems. Perturbations of the control inputs together with the effects of the input saturation are also taken into account. In our scheme, there is no need to know the constant parameters of the input saturation function, as well as the bounds of the uncertain terms. To solve the tracking control problem of the uncertain nDoF nonlinear system, an adaptive nonsmooth sliding-mode controller is proposed. Rigorous mathematic stability analysis is performed to guarantee the correctness of the theoretical designs. The main contribution of this study is that a novel disturbance observer along with a new adaptive terminal sliding-mode control is introduced to assure that the effects of mismatched uncertainties, external disturbances, and control fluctuations with completely unknown parameters and bounds are successfully canceled without any steady-state errors. Simulation results and comparative studies on tracking control of two multi-input multi-output mechatronic systems demonstrate the suitable performance of the introduced adaptive composite controller.
Bailouts, Bail-ins and Banking Crises

We study the interaction between a government’s bailout policy during a banking crisis and individual banks’ willingness to impose losses on (or “bail in”) their investors. We consider an environment in which banks and investors are free to write complete, state-contingent contracts. Our primary focus is on the timing of this contract’s response to an incipient crisis. In the constrained efficient allocation, banks facing losses immediately cut payments to withdrawing investors. In a competitive equilibrium, however, these banks often delay cutting payments in order to benefit more from the eventual bailout. In some cases, the costs associated with this delay are large enough that investors will choose to run on their bank, creating further distortions and deepening the crisis. Our approach has novel implications for the form a banking crisis must take. A bank run cannot be driven purely by sunspots in our model, for example, it can only occur at banks that have suffered some real losses. In addition, a run can only occur when these losses are systemic, that is, experienced by a large number of banks at once. This run can nevertheless be self-fulfilling in the sense that investors run when their bank suffers losses if and only if they expect other investors to do the same.
Influence of Process Parameters on Surface Appearance and Roughness of a Low Si Containing Al-Alloy, in Semisolid Casting

The visual appearance and surface roughness were experimentally investigated in industrial scale for a low silicon containing aluminium alloy cast in semisolid state integrated with HPDC machine. A visual comparative technique and surface roughness in the form of the Rq value were used to evaluate the surface appearance and the surface roughness respectively. The results were investigated statistically to find significant models. It was shown that high quality appearance, following a comparative scale, was possible using high die temperature and high injection speed. It was also found that improving the surface roughness will deteriorate the visual appearance.
Camera Rig Calibration

A camera calibration is a crucial task in almost any task involving 3D scene reconstruction. With the growth of autonomous industry, the amount of cameras rigidly mounted on a single vehicle or other autonomous robots grows also. All these cameras must be calibrated. This thesis proposes a method of a Rig calibration based on 2D ↔ 3D correspondences, which is capable of complete calibration of all the rigidly connected cameras at once. The state of the art of partial sub-problems and rig calibration itself is reviewed and improvements are proposed. The innovative concept of the Rig of rigs structure is examined and implemented with respect to a real calibration task. Multiple camera systems mounted on real vehicles are calibrated. The results of the calibration show that the proposed Rig calibration method can calibrate cameras. If the intrinsic calibration is provided then the reprojection errors may be found in subpixel area. The Rig calibration method is capable of full calibration, including the intrinsic calibration. The quality of a full calibration is dependant on the calibration data. The experiments show that the reprojection error of the full calibration do not excess 5 pixels even for the Trifocal camera system, which is hard to calibrate due to the narrow field of view of the cameras. The condition of having 2D ↔ 3D correspondences restricts the use of the method. We believe that the extension to the calibration without measured 3D points based only on the image correspondences should be possible. Such extension would widen the field of possible applications greatly.
Energy Efficiency of MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Reservation-based and contention-based MAC protocols have their own advantages in data transmissions under mobile sensor networks. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of two types of MAC protocols in throughput, delay, and energy efficiency under various traffic loads environments using queueing theory. The analytical and simulation results show the design strategies of hybrid MAC protocols for mobile dynamic traffic scenarios.
An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic

The name "temporal logic" may sound complex and daunting; but while they describe potentially complex scenarios, temporal logics are often based on a few simple, and fundamental, concepts - highlighted in this book. An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic provides an introduction to formal methods based on temporal logic, for developing and testing complex computational systems. These methods are supported by many well-developed tools, techniques and results that can be applied to a wide range of systems.Fisher begins with a full introduction to the subject, covering the basics of temporal logic and using a variety of examples, exercises and pointers to more advanced work to help clarify and illustrate the topics discussed. He goes on to describe how this logic can be used to specify a variety of computational systems, looking at issues of linking specifications, concurrency, communication and composition ability. He then analyses temporal specification techniques such as deductive verification, algorithmic verification, and direct execution to develop and verify computational systems. The final chapter on case studies analyses the potential problems that can occur in a range of engineering applications in the areas of robotics, railway signalling, hardware design, ubiquitous computing, intelligent agents, and information security, and explains how temporal logic can improve their accuracy and reliability.Models temporal notions and uses them to analyze computational systemsProvides a broad approach to temporal logic across many formal methods - including specification, verification and implementationIntroduces and explains freely available tools based on temporal logics and shows how these can be appliedPresents exercises and pointers to further study in each chapter, as well as an accompanying website providing links to additional systems based upon temporal logic as well as additional material related to the book.
Advanced Power Sharing Method to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Multiple Battery Energy Storages System

A large scale energy storage system has become increasingly attractive and has been applied to various ancillary services. To serve energy for a longer time and to increase the profit of a multiple energy storages system, it should be operated considering each available energy source and the different efficiencies of the subordinate storages. This paper proposes a hierarchical control structure and three types of the power sharing methods for a multiple battery energy storages system. A maximum efficiency optimization method based on a piecewise linearized Lagrangian equation is suggested. In addition, a usable energy sharing algorithm is proposed to distribute the output power evenly according to the available energy of each battery. To improve the system availability, a combination algorithm that selects the appropriate control according to the situation is also proposed. The improvement in energy efficiency of the proposed methods is verified with a duty cycle test of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory by PSCAD/EMTDC.
GPS data cleaning and analysis based on YouSense mobile application

In the last decade, mobile communications technologies has pervaded our society. In order to assess and analyze the location o f individuals and populations in this mobile world, mobile positioning or mobile telephone tracking is proposed as a monitoring tool to sense the movement o f people. In this paper, a monitoring tool called YouSense, a movement and behavior data collection mobile application, has been used. Our work mainly focus on YouSense GPS data cleaning, including filtering out wrong location information and filling the gaps when GPS is switched off. We set up several filter criteria for general YouSense GPS data cleaning through statistic analysis of different users' dataset. After data cleaning, we have also analyzed the location o f meaningful places for mobile users, such as home and work anchor points.
FingerCode for identity verification using fingerprint and smart card

Identity verification is very important in the world today and it is used in our everyday life. Systems like smart card identity verification has its weakness and it can be easily abused. The integration between fingerprint verification and National Registration Identity Card (MyKad) verification elevates the security in identification to the highest level as fingerprints are unique from one another and there is only one MyKad for each citizen in Malaysia. Fingerprints contain a lot of information and they are called minutiae. These minutiae are captured and stored inside FingerCode. FingerCode contains the information of the fingerprint core. The core of the fingerprints are detected using complex filtering and it is cropped and normalized to avoid unwanted noise. The core is segmented into sectors during the tessellation process. After that, the cropped fingerprint core is convolved with 8-directions of Gabor filters to get the flow of the ridges and furrows. Each Gabor filtered result is saved as a FingerCode. The verification success rate is 90% out of 40 attempts from 10 different people. There are a total of 100 fingerprints from 10 people which is converted into FingerCode in the database. The processing time for MyKad verification is 0.62seconds. The average processing time for the fingerprint verification is 1.3 sec.
Automated detection of protein unfolding events in atomic force microscopy force curves

Atomic force microscopy is not only a high‐resolution imaging device but also a mechanical machine, which can be used either to indent or stretch (soft) biomaterials. Due to the statistical nature of such materials (i.e., hydrogels or polymers) hundreds of force‐distance curves are required to describe their mechanical properties. In this manuscript, we present an automated system for polymer unfolding detection based on continuous wavelet analysis. We have tested the automated program on elastin, which is an important protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs. Our results show that elastin changes its mechanical behavior in the presence of electrolytes. In particular, we show that NaCl has a different effect on the contour length than CaCl2 for similar unfolding forces. In addition, we provide the program in the supporting information for the researches facing such kind of problem.
Comparative evaluation of an open-source FDM system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative and quantitative comparison and evaluation of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) system with a proprietary FDM AM system based on the fabrication of a custom benchmarking model. Design/methodology/approach – A custom benchmarking model was fabricated using the two AM systems and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The fabricated models were visually inspected and scanned using a 3D laser scanning system to examine their dimensional accuracy and geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) performance with respect to the computer-aided design (CAD) model geometry. Findings – The open-source FDM AM system (CupCake CNC) successfully fabricated most of the features on the benchmark, but the model did suffer from greater thermal warping and surface roughness, and limitations in the fabrication of overhang structures compared to the model fabricated by the proprietary AM system. Overall, the CupCake .
Trust and Marital Satisfaction among Single and Dual Career Couples

The present study examined the role of trust in marital satisfaction in a sample of 50 couples including 25 single & 25 dual-career couples. Moreover, gender differences were also studied. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (Fowers & Olson, 1993), and Trust Scale (Rempel, Holmes & Zanna, 1985) were used to measure the constructs. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 55 years . Multiple regression analysis demonstrated trust as significant predictor of marital satisfaction for single career couples, dual-career couples and for the whole sample respectively. Significant gender differences were found in trust for both single and dual-career couples. Implications of results as well as directions for future empirical research are discussed.
Frequency Control of an Isolated Micro-Grid Using Double Sliding Mode Controllers and Disturbance Observer

A novel frequency control method based on double sliding mode (SM) controllers is proposed for isolated micro-grids with renewable sources. In the presented technique, the SM pitch angle controller is designed for wind turbine generator (WTG) system to smooth wind power output. The SM load frequency controller (LFC) is constructed for diesel generator system to restore system frequency to normal through the secondary frequency regulation. Then the adaptive SM LFC is redesigned by taking advantage of the disturbance observer and adaptive law to improve dynamic performance of the diesel generator system. The proposed strategy is tested in a typical isolated hybrid micro-grid with both PV and WTG.
Robust Scheduling of EV Charging Load With Uncertain Wind Power Integration

In some micro grids, the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) and the generation of wind power may partially cancel each other. This is an effective way to reduce the variation of the wind power to the state grid. Due to the forecasting error, it is of great practical interest to schedule the EV charging demand under the worst-case scenario of the wind power generation. We consider this important robust scheduling problem in this paper and make three major contributions. First, we formulate this robust scheduling problem as a robust stochastic shortest path problem whereby the objective function is a weighted sum of the wind power utilization and the total charging cost. Second, a robust simulation-based policy improvement method is developed to improve the performance of a base policy in the worst case. This improvement is mathematically shown under mild assumptions. Third, the performance of this method is numerically demonstrated based on real wind and EV data.
Nonlinear system identification based on recurrent neural networks with shared and specialized memories

Recurrent neural network (RNN) is an important method for nonlinear adaptive filtering in an uncertain environment. In this work, we propose an RNN with shared and specialized memories (SSMs) to improve the accuracy and computational complexity in online tasks. The specialized memory consists of the weights of the linear output layer, and the other nonlinear weights are shared memory. The shared weights are trained in an offline manner by data generated with possible environment parameters. Then they are frozen in online tasks while the specialized memory is adopted sequentially by utilizing the online training data. To improve the generalization capacity of our model, a dropout based recursive least squares algorithm is proposed. We apply our model for nonlinear system identification in both stationary and non-stationary condition. The experiment results show that the performance of our method is superior to the state-of-the-art methods.