Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I know what you did last summer: an investigation of how developers spend their time

Developing software is a complex mental activity, requiring extensive technical knowledge and abstraction capabilities. The tangible part of development is the use of tools to read, inspect, edit, and manipulate source code, usually through an IDE (integrated development environment). Common claims about software development include that program comprehension takes up half of the time of a developer, or that certain UI (user interface) paradigms of IDEs offer insufficient support to developers. Such claims are often based on anecdotal evidence, throwing up the question of whether they can be corroborated on more solid grounds. We present an in-depth analysis of how developers spend their time, based on a fine-grained IDE interaction dataset consisting of ca. 740 development sessions by 18 developers, amounting to 200 hours of development time and 5 million of IDE events. We propose an inference model of development activities to precisely measure the time spent in editing, navigating and searching for artifacts, interacting with the UI of the IDE, and performing corollary activities, such as inspection and debugging. We report several interesting findings which in part confirm and reinforce some common claims, but also disconfirm other beliefs about software development.
Esthetics with Veneers: A Review

Porcelain veneers are increasing in present esthetic dental treatment because it is one of the conservative restorations of unaesthetic anterior teeth. Although this technique was first described in 1940 by Dr. Charles Pincus, developments in composite resin technology and acid etching of enamel and ceramic were required for it to become widely recognized. [1-3] Unfortunately, composite resins shows polymerization shrinkage, thermal dimensional changes, staining and poor wear resistance and used as veneers, have limited life of 4 years or less. The acrylic laminates veneer was an attempt to overcome some of the problems, but the long-term results were clinically unacceptable. Recent clinical studies have shown very good long-term result following the placement of anterior porcelain veneer. In one 5-year study, 83% were satisfactory, while in 8-year study, 95-97% were successful. However, the placement of porcelain is an irreversible procedure because of necessity for tooth preparation. Therefore, the criteria for porcelain veneer must be carefully reviewed before the procedure is undertaken for its long term success. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and to present the important parameters such as inclusion and exclusion criteria, shade selection, tooth preparation, veneer placement (cementation), patient maintenance for determining long-term success of porcelain veneers. METHOD FOR DATA COLLECTION
Association of the Polygenic Scores for Personality Traits and Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Studies reported a strong genetic correlation between the Big Five personality traits and major depressive disorder (MDD). Moreover, personality traits are thought to be associated with response to antidepressants treatment that might partly be mediated by genetic factors. In this study, we examined whether polygenic scores (PGSs) derived from the Big Five personality traits predict treatment response and remission in patients with MDD who were prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In addition, we performed meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on these traits to identify genetic variants underpinning the cross-trait polygenic association. The PGS analysis was performed using data from two cohorts: the Pharmacogenomics Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN-AMPS, n = 529) and the International SSRI Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ISPC, n = 865). The cross-trait GWAS meta-analyses were conducted by combining GWAS summary statistics on SSRIs treatment outcome and on the personality traits. The results showed that the PGS for openness and neuroticism were associated with SSRIs treatment outcomes at p < 0.05 across PT thresholds in both cohorts. A significant association was also found between the PGS for conscientiousness and SSRIs treatment response in the PGRN-AMPS sample. In the cross-trait GWAS meta-analyses, we identified eight loci associated with (a) SSRIs response and conscientiousness near YEATS4 gene and (b) SSRI remission and neuroticism eight loci near PRAG1, MSRA, XKR6, ELAVL2, PLXNC1, PLEKHM1, and BRUNOL4 genes. An assessment of a polygenic load for personality traits may assist in conjunction with clinical data to predict whether MDD patients might respond favorably to SSRIs.
Transforming Mirrors: Subjectivity and Control in Interactive Media

A technology is Interactive to the degree that It reflects the consequences of our actions or decisions back to us. It follows that an Interactive technology Is a medium through which we communicate with ourselves--a mirror. The medium not only reflects back, but also refracts what It Is given; what Is returned is ourselves, transformed and processed. To the degree that the technology reflects ourselves back recognizably, it provides us with a self-lmaF. a sense of self. To the degree that the technology transforms our lmaF In the act of reflection, It provides us with a sense of the relation between this self and the experienced world. This Is analogous to our relationship with the universe. Newton's First Law, stating that "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, • Implies that everything Is a mirror. We discover our "selves• In the mirror of the universe. The purpose of this text is to explore the Implications of Interactive media through the lens provided by Interactive artists and their work. Interactive artworks are revealing because the artists creating them have taken literally McLuhan's oft-repeated dictum, "The medium Is the message. • The mirror Is used as a technique of expression. While engineers strive to maintain the Wuslon of transparency ln the design and refinement of media technologies, artists explore the meaning of the Interface Itself, using the various ttansformatlons of the media as their palette. The expressive power of the Interface, In conJunction with the Increasing "apparent" transparency of Interface technologies, raises complicated ethical issues regarding subJectivity and control. Interactive artists are In a position to take the lead In generating a
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications

Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI of the trademark or registered trademark. Encyclopedia of portal technologies and applications / Arthur Tatnall, editor. p. cm. Summary: " This book offers complete coverage of the nature, characteristics, advantages, limitations, design, and evolution of Web portals. Other topics include semantic portals, philosophical portal issues, and personal portals. This authoritative encyclopedia encompasses the economics of setting up and using personal portals, knowledge management, strategic planning, user acceptance, security and the law "-Provided by publisher. All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. IntroductIon In an attempt to consolidate various departmental intranets, organizations are constructing corporate intranets or portals (Choo, Detlor, & Turnbull, 2000). They are becoming single points of entry through which users and communities can perform their business tasks, and also evolving into virtual places where people can get in touch with other people who share common interests. Due to this evolution from intranets towards portals, many organizations are using them as the major technological infrastructure of their knowledge management (KM) initiatives. KM studies analyze people, organizations, processes and technology. Although technology is not the main component of KM, it would be naive to implement KM without considering any technological support. KM is of particular relevance to information science and information system research because technologies play a critical role in shaping organizational efforts for knowl-The purpose of this article is to present a model which may be useful to help organizations in understanding the impacts of portal initiatives on KM initiatives. The research model, that is presented a little later, was based on TAM (technology acceptance model), TTF (task technology fit) and knowing organization model (Choo, 1998), and was tested in 98 Brazilian and 70 Portuguese organizations.
A bifurcation study to guide the design of a landing gear with a combined uplock/downlock mechanism

This paper discusses the insights that a bifurcation analysis can provide when designing mechanisms. A model, in the form of a set of coupled steady-state equations, can be derived to describe the mechanism. Solutions to this model can be traced through the mechanism's state versus parameter space via numerical continuation, under the simultaneous variation of one or more parameters. With this approach, crucial features in the response surface, such as bifurcation points, can be identified. By numerically continuing these points in the appropriate parameter space, the resulting bifurcation diagram can be used to guide parameter selection and optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of this technique by considering an aircraft nose landing gear, with a novel locking strategy that uses a combined uplock/downlock mechanism. The landing gear is locked when in the retracted or deployed states. Transitions between these locked states and the unlocked state (where the landing gear is a mechanism) are shown to depend upon the positions of two fold point bifurcations. By performing a two-parameter continuation, the critical points are traced to identify operational boundaries. Following the variation of the fold points through parameter space, a minimum spring stiffness is identified that enables the landing gear to be locked in the retracted state. The bifurcation analysis also shows that the unlocking of a retracted landing gear should use an unlock force measure, rather than a position indicator, to de-couple the effects of the retraction and locking actuators. Overall, the study demonstrates that bifurcation analysis can enhance the understanding of the influence of design choices over a wide operating range where nonlinearity is significant.
Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi

ABSTRACT Pathogens secrete effector proteins to suppress host immune responses. Recently, we showed that an aggressive plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can also deliver small RNA effectors into host cells to suppress host immunity. B. cinerea sRNAs (Bc-sRNAs) translocate into host plants and hijack the plant RNAi machinery to induce cross-kingdom RNAi of host immune responsive genes. Here, we functionally characterized another Bc-sRNA effector Bc-siR37 that is predicted to target at least 15 Arabidopsis genes, including WRKY transcription factors, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall-modifying enzymes. Upon B. cinerea infection, the expression level of Bc-siR37 was induced, and at least eight predicted Arabidopsis target genes were downregulated. These target genes were also suppressed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Bc-siR37, which exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, the knockout mutants of the Bc-siR37 targets, At-WRKY7, At-PMR6, and At-FEI2, also exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea, giving further support that these genes indeed play a positive role in plant defense against B. cinerea. Our study demonstrates that analysis of pathogen sRNA effectors can be a useful tool to help identify host immunity genes against the corresponding pathogen.
DNATCO: assignment of DNA conformers at dnatco.org

The web service DNATCO (dnatco.org) classifies local conformations of DNA molecules beyond their traditional sorting to A, B and Z DNA forms. DNATCO provides an interface to robust algorithms assigning conformation classes called ntC to dinucleotides extracted from DNA-containing structures uploaded in PDB format version 3.1 or above. The assigned dinucleotide ntC classes are further grouped into DNA structural alphabet ntA, to the best of our knowledge the first DNA structural alphabet. The results are presented at two levels: in the form of user friendly visualization and analysis of the assignment, and in the form of a downloadable, more detailed table for further analysis offline. The website is free and open to all users and there is no login requirement.
Contractility Measurements of Human Uterine Smooth Muscle to Aid Drug Development

Discovery and characterization of novel pharmaceutical compounds or biochemical probes rely on robust and physiologically relevant assay systems. We describe methods to measure ex vivo myometrium contractility. This assay can be used to investigate factors and molecules involved in the modulation of myometrial contraction and to determine their excitatory or inhibitory actions, and hence their therapeutic potential in vivo. Biopsies are obtained from women undergoing cesarean section delivery with informed consent. Fine strips of myometrium are dissected, clipped and attached to a force transducer within 1 mL organ baths superfused with physiological saline solution at 37 °C. Strips develop spontaneous contractions within 2–3 h under set tension and remain stable for many hours (>6 h). Strips can also be stimulated to contract such as by the endogenous hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, which cause concentration-dependent modulation of contraction frequency, force and duration, to more closely resemble contractions in labor. Hence, the effect of known and novel drug leads can be tested on spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions. This protocol specifically details how this assay can be used to determine the potency of known and novel agents by measuring their effects on various parameters of human myometrial contraction. We use the oxytocin- and V1a receptor antagonists, atosiban and SR49059 as examples of known compounds which inhibit oxytocin- and vasopressin-induced contractions, and demonstrate how this method can be used to complement and validate pharmacological data obtained from cell-based assays to aid drug development. The effects of novel agonists in comparison to oxytocin and vasopressin can also be characterized. Whilst we use the example of the oxytocin/ vasopressin system, this method can also be used to study other receptors and ion channels that play a role in uterine contraction and relaxation to advance the understanding of human uterine physiology and pathophysiology.
Patientory : A Healthcare Peer-to-Peer EMR Storage Network v 1 . 1

A blockchain powered health information exchange (HIE) can unlock the true value of interoperability and cyber security. This system has the potential to eliminate the friction and costs of current third party intermediaries, when considering population health management. There are promises of improved data integrity, reduced transaction costs, decentralization and disintermediation of trust. Being able to coordinate patient care via a blockchain HIE essentially alleviates unnecessary services and duplicate tests with lowering costs and improvements in efficiencies of the continuum care cycle, while adhering to all HIPAA rules and standards. A patient-centered protocol supported by blockchain technology, Patientory is changing the way healthcare stakeholders manage electronic medical data and interact with clinical care teams.
Joint Optimization of Fronthaul Compression and Bandwidth Allocation in Heterogeneous CRAN

In this paper, we consider the uplink transmission of a heterogeneous cloud radio access network, where a macro base station (BS) and many remote radio heads (RRHs) coexist to serve user equipment units. For cost-savings, only the BS is connected to the baseband unit (BBU) pool via fiber links, whereas the RRHs are associated with the BBU pool through wireless fronthaul links with limited capacities. By employing Wyner-Ziv (WZ) coding scheme, the RRHs first compress the received signal and then transmit the corresponding quantized version to the BBU pool. We derive deterministic equivalent for ergodic uplink sum rate and use this result to jointly optimize quantization noise matrix and bandwidth allocation between radio access networks and fronthaul links. An algorithm based on Dinkelbach's algorithm is also proposed to determine the optimal solutions. Numerical results show that as the normalized fronthaul capacity increases, more bandwidth is allocated to radio access networks. Besides, uniform quantization with WZ coding across RRHs can achieve near-optimal performance under high signal-to-quantization-noise ratio.
Retrofitting suburbia: is the compact city feasible?

This paper examines the role of retrofitting existing suburbs to deliver more sustainable lifestyles. The policy of intensification of existing urban and suburban areas, referred to as a ‘compact city’ strategy, has been promoted by the UK government and is linked to claims that higher density mixed-use areas promote more sustainable lifestyles. While the policy is normally considered at the ‘strategic’ level, it is at the local level that its effects are felt and realised. This research aimed to answer two questions: is it physically feasible to retrofit existing suburban areas? If so, do they deliver the claimed sustainability benefits? The research considered published recommendations for restructuring existing urban form. The project found that retrofitting the suburbs is feasible and viable at local level and, in some situations, can enable more sustainable lifestyles, in particular improved accessibility, social inclusion, and physical and mental health benefits.
Development of Bond-Order Potentials for BCC Transition Metals

In this paper we present bond-order potentials (BOPs) based on the tight-binding method. The potentials have been developed for bcc non-magnetic metals of group V.B (V, Nb, Ta) and group VI.B (Cr, Mo, W) as well as for the ferromagnetic bcc iron. The testing of the transferability of BOPs involves energies of alternate structures, formation energies of vacancies and self-interstitials, transformation paths between different structures and phonon dispersion relations. An example of the application of these potentials is modeling of the structure and glide of 1⁄2<111> screw dislocations under the effect of applied shear and tensile/compressive stresses.
Approaches for improving continuity of care in medication management: a systematic review.

PURPOSE Medication-related problems frequently occur during transitions and lead to patient harm, increased use of healthcare resources and increased costs. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the impact of approaches to optimize the continuity of care in medication management upon hospital admission and/or discharge. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, IPA and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1995 through December 2010. STUDY SELECTION Controlled, parallel-group trials. Data extraction Data were extracted by one researcher and checked by another. Both reviewers independently assessed the study quality. RESULTS Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, but only 14 reached the predefined minimum quality score. Most studies focused on discharge and targeted the patients, sometimes together with primary care providers. The majority of studies found improvements in process measures. Patient education and counseling provided upon discharge and reinforced after discharge, sometimes together with improved communication with healthcare professionals, was shown to reduce the risk of adverse drug events and hospital re-admissions in some studies, but not all. Heterogeneity in study population as well as in intervention and outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis and limited interpretation. Most studies had important methodological limitations and were underpowered to show significant benefits on clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The evidence for an impact of approaches on optimization of continuity of care in medication management remains limited. Further research should better target high-risk populations, use multicentered designs and have adequate sample size to evaluate the impact on process measures, clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
The Challenges of Validating in Precision Medicine: The Case of Excision Repair Cross-Complement Group 1 Diagnostic Testing.

Personalized medicine relies upon the successful identification and translation of predictive biomarkers. Unfortunately, biomarker development has often fallen short of expectations. To better understand the obstacles to successful biomarker development, we systematically mapped research activities for a biomarker that has been in development for at least 12 years: excision repair cross-complement group 1 protein (ERCC1) as a biomarker for predicting clinical benefit with platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. We found that although research activities explored a wide range of approaches to ERCC1 testing, there was little replication or validation of techniques, and design and reporting of results were generally poor. Our analysis points to problems with coordinating and standardizing research in biomarker development. Clinically meaningful progress in personalized medicine will require concerted efforts to address these problems. In the interim, health care providers should be aware of the complexity involved in biomarker development, cautious about their near-term clinical value, and conscious of applying only validated diagnostics in the clinic. THE ONCOLOGIST 2017;22:89-96 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: : Many hospitals, policy makers, and scientists have made ambitious claims about the promise of personalizing cancer care. When one uses a case example of excision repair cross-complement group 1 protein-a biomarker that has a strong biological rationale and that has been researched for 12 years-the current research environment seems poorly suited for efficient development of biomarker tests. The findings provide grounds for tempering expectations about personalized cancer care-at least in the near term-and shed light on the current gap between the promise and practice of personalized medicine.