Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURE OF 3‐CARBETHOXYPSORALEN PHOTOLYSIS PRODUCTS

Abstract— Upon UV‐A irradiation(320–400 nm), the photorcaction of psoralens either with a solvent molecule or with a second psoralen molecule competes with the well‐known photoaddition of psoralens to DNA. In the present study, a structural assignment of the 3‐carbethoxypsoralen (3‐CPs) photolysis products is proposed on the basis of their chromatographic (high performance liquid chromatography) and of their spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) properties. Four photolysis products have been isolated and identified. The first one results from a water molecule addition on the 4′,5′ double bond of 3‐CPs, the second from an ethanol molecule addition on the 4′,5′ double bond. Two cyclobutane type dimers of 3‐CPs have also been characterized. These results confirm that, in protic solvents, the furan(4′,5′) double bond of 3‐CPs is more photoreactive than the pyrone(3,4) double bond.
Comparison Between Traditional Texture Methods and Deep Learning Descriptors for Detection of Nitrogen Deficiency in Maize Crops

Every year, efficient maize production is very important to the economy of many countries. Since nutritional deficiencies in maize plants are directly reflected in their grains productivity, early detection is needed to maximize the chances of proper recovery of these plants. Traditional texture methods recently showed interesting results in the identification of nutritional deficiencies. On the other hand, deep learning techniques are increasingly outperforming hand-crafted features on many tasks. In this paper, we propose a simple transfer learning approach from pre-trained cnn models and compare their results with those from traditional texture methods in the task of nitrogen deficiency identification. We perform experiments in a real-world dataset that contains digitalized images of maize leaves at different growth stages and with different levels of nitrogen fertilization. The results show that deep learning based descriptors achieve better success rates than traditional texture methods.
Peripheral Lipopolysaccharide Administration Affects the Olfactory Dopamine System in Mice

Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an amount that produces acute stress has been found to affect the catecholamine systems in the brain. Acute peripheral LPS administration activated norepinephrine (NE) metabolism in the locus ceruleus (LC). Approximately 40% of murine LC neurons project to the olfactory bulb (OB) and the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Thus, we investigated the effects of a single intra‐peritoneal (i.p.) LPS injection on catecholamine biosynthesis in the OB and AON in 8‐week‐old C3H/HeN male mice. In the AON, the content of dopamine (DA), but not that of NE, was highly increased 6 h after LPS injection. In the OB, the contents of DA and NE did not change; but within 2 h after a single i.p. LPS injection, the mRNA levels of IκB, TNF‐α, and TNF‐α receptor type 1 were significantly enhanced. Almost all TNF‐α‐immunoreactive cells in the OB of the LPS‐injected mice were located in the granule cell layer, and unexpectedly, they were not microglia but astroglia. The number of TUNEL‐positive cells identified exclusively in the granule cell layer was significantly increased at 24 h after LPS injection. Therefore, our data suggest that astroglia activated by peripherally injected LPS may release TNF‐α, which may trigger apoptosis in the granule cell layer in the OB. The increase in DA content in the AON and the production of TNF‐α and apoptotic cells in the OB by acute peripheral LPS administration are not likely to be related.
Analysis and Forecasting of Civil Aviation Transportation Market

The software of SPSS was used to set up a database to predict quantitatively some economic indexes such as the quantity of all the passengers, the quantity of the passengers in civil airline, the revolving quantity of the passengers in civil airline, the quantity of the passengers in international airline and the revolving quantity of the passengers in international airline. Based on the analysis and sum up, it is pointed out that China's civil airline market should correct its service orientation, strengthen the reformation and play fully the main body role.
The SerCom and Topps Case Studies

Outsourcing has long been used, notably in IT where the investments required to run systems were large and expertise was in short supply. Throughout the 70s and 80s, many companies lacked the IT infrastructure to run their applications efficiently and relied on providers of IT services for payroll and accounting applications. Since then, outsourcing has been used as a standard component of management strategy for a wide range of activities, rather than simply as a means to reduce costs and headcounts. Recent research has focused on BPO, KPO and open innovation as concepts which the IT outsourcing concept has fostered. This research is concerned with the “new” breed of outsourcing whereby entire business processes, sometimes critical to companies, are outsourced and clients build up sufficient trust with their partners that they rely on them for key aspects of their business such as bundling of key inputs, critical deliveries or complex data mining operations. Such arrangements require new types of outsourcing service providers, with finely tuned mixes of technological and business competences. Using two case studies, we study this new type of outsourcing from the points of view of both the client and the outsourcer.
High-Frequency-Link DC Transformer Based on Switched Capacitor for Medium-Voltage DC Power Distribution Application

This paper proposes a practical solution of high-frequency-link dc transformer based on switched capacitor (SCDCT) for medium-voltage dc (MVDC) power distribution application. Compared to the traditional dc transformer scheme, the proposed SCDCT can disconnect from MVDC distribution grid effectively as a dc breaker when a short fault occurs in the distribution, can enhance power transfer capacity, and always ensures high-frequency-link voltage match to improve current impact and efficiency performances, and the redundancy design can be achieved when some submodules fail to improve the reliability. In the paper, the topology, voltage and power characterization, control strategy, startup, and fault solution of SCDCT are presented and analyzed comprehensively. At last, an SCDCT prototype is built and the experimental results verify the correctness and effectively of the proposed solution.
Modular battery energy storage system based on one integrated primary multi-secondaries transformer and its independent control strategy

In order to solve the inconsistency of the battery pack in the traditional battery energy storage system, a new type of battery module energy storage system topology and control strategy based on flexible grouping is proposed——Modular Battery Energy Storage System Based on One integrated Primary multi-secondaries transformer. Different from commonly used full-power control mode, the part-power control mode is adopted in this paper. The current flowing through the switches is the difference of each battery module current and the average current of all battery modules. By applying part-power control method, the system volume, cost and loss will be effectively reduced. Based on the dual active bridge converter and one integrated primary multi-secondaries transformer, phase shifting control strategy is implemented to control part of the charging and discharging current of each battery module independently, which makes each battery module work under the best condition and helps in improving the energy utilization. Based on analyses of the data of the passenger car battery after 3 years of actual operation, Simulation results show the correctness and superiority of this topology and its control method.
Fast Switching Slotted Fabry–Perot Laser for Phase Modulated Transmission Systems

In this paper we characterize the switching dynamics of a novel three section slotted Fabry-Perot laser for phase modulated transmission systems. The static characterization shows that an average linewidth of 538 kHz is achieved for all 25 ITU 100 G channels of the laser, which is able to support differential quadrature phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) transmission at 10 Gbd symbol rate. An average wavelength switching time of 5 ns is also demonstrated using two measurement techniques. The performance during switching is examined by measuring the time resolved bit error rate (BER) of a 10.7 Gbd DQPSK packet transmission system. The time taken to go from no measured errors on one channel to no measured errors on the other channel is found to be less than 16 ns for the switching combination studied.
Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: symptom prevalence and risk factors in a military population.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for self-reported symptoms suggestive of multiple chemical sensitivities/idiopathic environmental intolerance (MCS/IEI) in Persian Gulf War (PGW) veterans from Iowa and a comparison group of PGW-era military personnel. METHODS A population-based sample of Iowa military personnel was surveyed using a cross-sectional telephone interview. Study participants were randomly drawn from 1 of 4 domains: PGW active duty, PGW National Guard/Reserve, non-PGW active duty, and non-PGW National Guard/Reserve. A complex sample survey design was used selecting participants from the following substrata: age, sex, race, rank, and military branch. The criteria for MCS/IEI were developed using expert consensus and the medical literature. RESULTS A total of 3695 study participants (76% of those eligible) completed the telephone survey. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI in all participants was 3.4%. Veterans of the PGW reported a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI than did non-PGW military personnel (5.4% vs 2.6%); greater sensitivity to organic chemicals, vehicle exhaust, cosmetics, and smog; and more lifestyle changes. The following risk factors for MCS/IEI were identified with univariate analysis: deployment to the Persian Gulf, age (>25 years), female sex, receiving a physician diagnosis of MCS, previous professional psychiatric treatment, previous psychotropic medication use, current psychiatric illness, and a low level of preparedness. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors for MCS/IEI, including deployment to the Persian Gulf, age, sex, rank, branch of service, previous professional psychiatric treatment, and current mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI are relatively frequent in a military population and are more common among PGW veterans than comparable controls. Reported chemical sensitivities and accompanying behavioral changes were also frequent. After adjusting for age, sex, and training preparedness, previous professional psychiatric treatment and previous psychotropic medication use (before deployment) showed a robust association with symptoms suggestive of MCS.
Method of LP-based blind restoration for improving intelligibility of bone-conducted speech

Bone-conducted (BC) speech in an extremely noisy environment is stable against surrounding noise so that it may be able to be used instead of air-conducted (AC) speech for communication. However, it has very poor sound quality and its intelligibility is degraded when transmitted through bone conduction. Therefore, voice-quality and the intelligibility of BC speech need to be blindly improved in actual speech communication and this is a challenging new topic in the speech signal-processing ﬁeld. We proposed an LP-based model to restore BC speech to improve its voice-quality in a previous study. While other methods such as Long-term Fourier transform need to use numerous AC speech parameters to restore BC speech, the proposed model can blindly restore BC speech by predicting BC-LP coefﬁcients from AC-LP coefﬁcients. We improved the proposed model by (1) extending long-term processing to frame-basis processing, (2) using LSF coefﬁcients on LP representation, and (3) using a recurrent neural network for predicting parameters. We evaluated the improved model in comparison with other models to ﬁnd out whether the model could adequately improve voice quality and the intelligibility of BC speech, us-ing objective measures (LSD, MCD, and LCD) and carrying out Modiﬁed Rhyme Tests (MRTs). An evaluation of these three improvements to the LP-based model proved the practicability of blind-BC restoration.
Spiritual Immersion: Developing and Evaluating a Simulation Exercise to Teach Spiritual Care to Undergraduate Nursing Students

This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a simulation exercise designed to teach spiritual care to prelicensure nursing students. Participation in a spiritual care simulation resulted in improved knowledge and attitudes relating to spirituality and spiritual care. The results from this study demonstrate the value of using simulation and spiritual assessment to teach students how to recognize and respond therapeutically to spiritual needs.
Labeling of Bacterial Pathogens for Flow Cytometric Detection and Enumeration

Traditional uses of flow cytometry have been for research and diagnostic purposes, on mammalian cells. This unit focuses on using a flow cytometer for enumerating specific bacteria and parasites. Several different labeling methods are discussed, as well as how to set up a cytometer for detecting and enumerating bacteria. Labeling methods include direct detection with a primary fluorochrome‐conjugated antibody and indirect labeling with an unconjugated primary and a fluorochrome‐conjugated secondary antibody, as well as labeling with rRNA sequence‐specific peptide nucleic‐acid probes end‐labeled with a fluorochrome. Data and methods throughout this unit focus on detection of Salmonella in clean matrices; however, pertinent information is also provided on using these methods to label other pathogens. The Commentary covers critical aspects of the protocols, and also includes information and suggestions on the application of these methods for testing in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in environmental water testing.
Oocyte and follicular morphology as determining characteristics for developmental competence in bovine oocytes

Follicular size, follicular atresia, and oocyte morphology were investigated for the possible relation of these characteristics to the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Ovaries from a local slaughterhouse were dissected to obtain a heterogeneous population of follicles. Half of each follicle was fixed for histological analysis, and the oocytes were detached carefully and cultured individually. Before in vitro maturation, the oocytes were grouped into six different classes based on the morphology of the cumulus and the ooplasm: classes 1 and 2 represent oocytes with a homogeneous ooplasm plus a compact and complete cumulus, and classes 3–6 represent oocytes with a granulated ooplasm and an incomplete and/or expanded cumulus. Oocytes from class 3 (beginning of expansion in outer cumulus layers and slight granulations in the ooplasm) developed past the 16‐cell stage significantly (P<0.05) more than oocytes with a compact and complete cumulus (classes 1 and 2) and oocytes from classes 4–6 (incomplete and/or expanded cumulus) after 5 days of in vitro culture. Oocytes from follicles measuring 3 mm or less did not develop past the 16‐cell stage, whereas follicles of 3–5 mm and 5 mm or larger developed at similar rates (17% and 21% morulae, respectively). The state of the follicle did not affect whether an embryo reached at least the 16‐cell stage, as comparable rates were obtained in all three groups of follicles: nonatretic (20%), intermediate (14%), and slightly atretic (16%). We concluded that oocytes acquire developmental competence late in the follicular phase, possibly when the first signs of atresia have appeared, and that oocytes with beginning signs of degeneration (class 3) will develop significantly more than all other classes. Class 3 oocytes originated from follicles that were generally atretic and therefore in later phases of follicular growth, suggesting that these oocytes, having been subjected longer to the follicular microenvironment, are more differentiated (possibly at the cytoplasmic level) than other classes of oocytes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Nutrition in Wound Care

PURPOSE To provide the physician and registered professional nurse with an understanding of how nutrition impacts wound healing. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in learning more about the role nutrition plays in wound healing and how to supplement a patient's diet according to individual needs. OBJECTIVES After reading the article and taking the test, the participant should be able to: Determine a patient's daily caloric requirements. Identify signs of dehydration and malnutrition. Understand the role specific vitamins and minerals play in the wound healing process.
Changes in steroid concentrations with the timing of corticotropin stimulation testing in participants with adrenal sufficiency.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the time of day at which corticotropin stimulation testing is performed influences the steroid concentrations observed in persons with normal adrenal function. METHODS In this retrospective, secondary analysis, participants with normal adrenal function were studied to determine whether the time of corticotropin stimulation testing influenced results. Participants consisted of 2 groups: healthy volunteers who were not suspected of having adrenal insufficiency and patients being tested for adrenal insufficiency as part of their standard of care who were subsequently shown to have normal adrenal function on the basis of a peak cortisol value of at least 20 μg/dL. A high-dose corticotropin stimulation test was performed in all participants. Baseline, peak, and delta steroid concentrations were documented after corticotropin injection. Steroid concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate analyses adjusted for patient age, sex, and baseline steroid concentrations. RESULTS With progression through the day for the time of testing, the baseline cortisol concentration decreased, while the peak and delta cortisol concentration increased (P values: <.001, .007, .007, respectively). For 11-deoxycortisol, the baseline decreased, while peak and delta values increased with later testing (P values: .017, .012, .02, respectively). Peak aldosterone concentrations increased according to their baseline values (P<.001), but were unaffected by time. Peak and delta dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations increased with time (P = .015 and .021, respectively). Referring to the various criteria for adequate steroid responses to corticotropin available in the literature, the time-related differences in this small group of patients were insufficient to draw different conclusions about results of testing. CONCLUSIONS Cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone values were most influenced by testing times. In patients with borderline adrenal function who are tested at different times of the day, the modest differences we observed may be sufficient to affect conclusions about whether adrenal insufficiency is present.
Bidirectional Modulation of Recognition Memory

Perirhinal cortex (PER) has a well established role in the familiarity-based recognition of individual items and objects. For example, animals and humans with perirhinal damage are unable to distinguish familiar from novel objects in recognition memory tasks. In the normal brain, perirhinal neurons respond to novelty and familiarity by increasing or decreasing firing rates. Recent work also implicates oscillatory activity in the low-beta and low-gamma frequency bands in sensory detection, perception, and recognition. Using optogenetic methods in a spontaneous object exploration (SOR) task, we altered recognition memory performance in rats. In the SOR task, normal rats preferentially explore novel images over familiar ones. We modulated exploratory behavior in this task by optically stimulating channelrhodopsin-expressing perirhinal neurons at various frequencies while rats looked at novel or familiar 2D images. Stimulation at 30–40 Hz during looking caused rats to treat a familiar image as if it were novel by increasing time looking at the image. Stimulation at 30–40 Hz was not effective in increasing exploration of novel images. Stimulation at 10–15 Hz caused animals to treat a novel image as familiar by decreasing time looking at the image, but did not affect looking times for images that were already familiar. We conclude that optical stimulation of PER at different frequencies can alter visual recognition memory bidirectionally. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recognition of novelty and familiarity are important for learning, memory, and decision making. Perirhinal cortex (PER) has a well established role in the familiarity-based recognition of individual items and objects, but how novelty and familiarity are encoded and transmitted in the brain is not known. Perirhinal neurons respond to novelty and familiarity by changing firing rates, but recent work suggests that brain oscillations may also be important for recognition. In this study, we showed that stimulation of the PER could increase or decrease exploration of novel and familiar images depending on the frequency of stimulation. Our findings suggest that optical stimulation of PER at specific frequencies can predictably alter recognition memory.
Embryoid Bodies: An In Vitro Model of Mouse Embryogenesis

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. ES cells are able to differentiate into the three primitive layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) of the organism, including the germline. To study early stages of development, as well as to investigate the impact of a gene knock‐out in vitro, ES cells are differentiated into three‐dimensional structures called embryoid bodies, because of their ability to mimick post‐implantation embryonic tissues. This review summarises the work on ES cell differentiation into haematopoietic and vascular cells, neuronal and glial cells, myocytes, and adipocytes, using this in vitro model of early embryogenesis. We also present the potential of this method to analyse the impact of genetic alterations in vitro
An evolutionary psychological perspective on gender similarities and differences.

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