Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The self and social perception: Three kinds of questions in social cognitive neuroscience.

" A man has as many social selves as there are individuals who recognize him. " The world is twofold for man in accordance with his twofold nature. A great deal of research in social psychology is motivated by one of two broad goals: (1) to understand the mental processes involved in how people make sense of the social world; (2) to understand how self-processes are shaped by the social world. In other words, social psychologists are deeply interested in the interplay between intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. In the final analysis, most social psychologists agree that neither can be understood in isolation. Though many naively take for granted a sovereign self that is inaccessible to others and independent of their influence, the opening quotation from William James, as well as the theoretical and empirical history of social psychology, suggests that the development and maintenance of the self is shaped by one's situational context. Alternatively, many believe that perceiving the social world is a relatively objective process akin to, albeit more complicated than, perceiving the nonsocial world. Endless evidence suggests that this, too, is a naive view, an issue addressed in the philosophy of Martin Buber. Perceiving the social world is a subjective process shaped by an individual's current motivation, emotion, and cogni-tion, as well as his or her more long-standing traits such as personalities, self-schemas, and chronically accessible constructs. An even more extreme position was taken by the philosopher Nietzsche, who suggested that social perception is nothing but the projection of our own idiosyncratic representations onto the world in his claim, " Whoever thought that he had understood something of me had merely construed something out of me, after his own image " (Nietzsche, 1908/1969, p. 261). Now that the methods of cognitive neuroscience are being applied to social psychological questions, it is to be expected that early research efforts turn to social perception and self-processes as appropriate starting points. In this
Requirements for Supporting Dynamic and Adaptive Workflow on the WWW

Peter J. KammerGregory Alan BolcerMark BergmanInformation and Computer ScienceUniversity of California, IrvineIrvine, CA 92697-34251.949. 824.8438pkammer@ics.uci. edu, gbolcer@endeavors.org, mbergman@ics.uci. eduCSCW’98 Workshop on Adaptive Workflow Systems ABSTRACTThe unpredictability of business processes require that workflow systems support exception handlingwith the ability to dynamically adapt to the changing environment. Traditional approaches to handlingthis problem have fallen short, providing little support for change, particularly once the process hasbegun execution. We discuss some of the drawbacks of the traditional approaches, then identify andexplain a number of key elements for supporting adaptive workflow: contingency management andhand-off, partial execution, dynamic behaviors, reflexivity, and process evolution and optimization overtime. Together, these complimentary approaches provide a foundation on which to build dynamicadaptive workflow processes.
Preserving Privacy with Probabilistic Indistinguishability in Weighted Social Networks

The increasing popularity of social networks has inspired recent research to explore social graphs for marketing and data mining. As social networks often contain sensitive information about individuals, preserving privacy when publishing social graphs becomes an important issue. In this paper, we consider the identity disclosure problem in releasing <italic>weighted</italic> social graphs. We identify <italic>weighted 1*-neighborhood attacks</italic>, which assume that an attacker has knowledge about not only a target's one-hop neighbors and connections between them (<italic>1-neighborhood graph</italic>), but also related node degrees and edge weights. With this information, an attacker may re-identify a target with high confidence, even if any node's 1-neighborhood graph is isomorphic with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k-1$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2615020.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> other nodes’ graphs. To counter this attack while preserving high utility of the published graph, we define a key privacy property, <italic> probabilistic indistinguishability</italic>, and propose a heuristic indistinguishable group anonymization (HIGA) scheme to anonymize a weighted social graph with such a property. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data sets illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
A Novel Heuristic Text Classification Algorithm Based on Support Vector Machines

Support Vector Machines (SVM), one of the new techniques for text classiﬁcation, have been widely used in many application areas. SVM try to ﬁnd an optimal hyperplane within the input space so as to correctly classify the binary classiﬁcation problem. We present a novel heuristic text classification approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) and SVM. Simulation results demonstrate that GA and SVM are integrated effectively, and have good classiﬁcation accuracy.
Pulsations of the Low-Mass ZZ Ceti Star HS 1824+6000

Measuring g-mode pulsations of isolated white dwarfs can reveal their interior properties to high precision. With a spectroscopic mass of ≈0.51 M⊙ (log g = 7.82), the DAV white dwarf HS 1824+6000 is near the transition between carbon/oxygen-core and helium-core white dwarfs, motivating our photometric search for additional pulsations from the Palomar 60-inch telescope. We confirmed (with much greater precision) the three frequencies: 2.751190 ± 0.000010 mHz (363.479 sec), 3.116709 ± 0.000006 mHz (320.851 sec), 3.495113 ± 0.000009 mHz (286.114 sec), previously found by B. Voss and collaborators, and found an additional pulsation at 4.443120 ± 0.000012 mHz (225.067 sec). These observed frequencies are similar to those found in other ZZ Ceti white dwarfs of comparable mass (e.g. log g < 8). We hope that future observations of much lower-mass ZZ Ceti stars (< 0.4 M⊙) will reveal pulsational differences attributable to a hydrogen covered helium core.
Turnover diversity drives large-scale biodiversity patterns in bathyal sediments of the Mediterranean Sea

Biogeosciences Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. Abstract Understanding biodiversity patterns and how they are driven at different spatial scales is a crucial issue in ecological studies. This is particularly evident for the deep sea, the largest biome of the biosphere, where information on the scales of spatial variation is very scant. Here, we investigated deep-sea nematodes species richness, turnover 5 and functional diversity, and life strategies at different spatial scales (from local to macro-regional) to identify the factors that shape regional (γ) and macro-regional (ε) deep-sea diversity. This study was conducted in several deep-sea habitats (canyons, open slopes, deep-water corals, and bathyal plains) over > 2000 km across the whole Mediterranean basin, at a fixed depth of ca. 1000 m. Our results indicate that the pat-10 terns of local (α) diversity across the deep Mediterranean follow the gradients of the trophic conditions, which decrease from the Western to the Eastern basins. For all of the sites and habitats, the α-diversity is generally low. Conversely, the turnover diversity changes significantly among habitats (β-diversity) and between regions (δ-diversity), showing values of dissimilarity (based on species presence/absence) between 59 % 15 and 90 % for β-diversity and between 81 % and 89 % for δ-diversity. This suggests that patterns and values of regional (γ) and macro-regional (ε) diversity in the deep Mediter-ranean Sea are related to turnover diversity among habitats and between regions (β-and δ-diversity), rather than to the local biodiversity (α-diversity). These results indicate that the differences in β-diversity and δ-diversity are even more important than 20 those for the α-diversity for the understanding of the drivers of biodiversity in the deep Mediterranean Sea. These data also allow us to conclude that habitat heterogeneity (and type) and gradients in environmental conditions, by promoting a high turnover diversity across the deep Mediterranean Sea, are crucial players for the nematode diversity levels.
Set-Theoretic Alignment for Comparable Corpora

We describe and evaluate a simple method to extract parallel sentences from comparable corpora. The approach, termed STACC, is based on expanded lexical sets and the Jaccard similarity coefficient. We evaluate our system against state-of-theart methods on a large range of datasets in different domains, for ten language pairs, showing that it either matches or outperforms current methods across the board and gives significantly better results on the noisiest datasets. STACC is a portable method, requiring no particular adaptation for new domains or language pairs, thus enabling the efficient mining of parallel sentences in comparable corpora.
Dynamic packet scheduling in wireless networks

We consider protocols that serve communication requests arising over time in a wireless network that is subject to interference. Unlike previous approaches, we take the geometry of the network and power control into account, both allowing to increase the network's performance significantly. We introduce a stochastic and an adversarial model to bound the packet injection. Although taken as the primary motivation, this approach is not only suitable for models based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). It also covers virtually all other common interference models, for example the multiple-access channel, the protocol model, the radio-network model, and distance-2 matching. Packet-routing networks allowing each edge or each node to transmit or receive one packet at a time can be modeled as well. Starting from an algorithm for the respective scheduling problem with static transmission requests, we build distributed stable protocols. This is more involved than in previous, similar approaches because the algorithms we consider do not necessarily scale linearly when scaling the input instance. We can guarantee a throughput that is as large as the one of the original static algorithm. In particular, for SINR models the competitive ratios of the protocol in comparison to optimal ones in the respective model are between constant and O(log2 m) for a network of size m.
Practice of Epidemiology Reliability and Validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire

1 Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 2 Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. 4 Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 5 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Speaker Recognition Method Based on Phone N-gram Pruning and KPCA

In order to solve the problem of disturbance due to data sparsity for the baseline phone n-gram system, a method based on Phone N-gram pruning and KPCA is brought forward. The phone n-gram with low probability is firstly pruned in the phone n-gram super vector. The kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is then adopted to remove the bias which is brought about due to data sparse. When applying this method to the NIST 2006 speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) database, experimental results shows that a relative reduction of up to 29% in Error Equal Ratio (EER) is achieved over the previous baseline phone n-gram system.
Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) Marker Resources for Diversity Analysis of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

In this study, a collection of 24,840 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated from five mango (Mangifera indica L.) cDNA libraries was mined for EST-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Over 1,000 ESTs with SSR motifs were detected from more than 24,000 EST sequences with di- and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs the most abundant. Of these, 25 EST-SSRs in genes involved in plant development, stress response, and fruit color and flavor development pathways were selected, developed into PCR markers and characterized in a population of 32 mango selections including M. indica varieties, and related Mangifera species. Twenty-four of the 25 EST-SSR markers exhibited polymorphisms, identifying a total of 86 alleles with an average of 5.38 alleles per locus, and distinguished between all Mangifera selections. Private alleles were identified for Mangifera species. These newly developed EST-SSR markers enhance the current 11 SSR mango genetic identity panel utilized by the Australian Mango Breeding Program. The current panel has been used to identify progeny and parents for selection and the application of this extended panel will further improve and help to design mango hybridization strategies for increased breeding efficiency.
Relative Impact of Multimorbid Chronic Conditions on Health-Related Quality of Life – Results from the MultiCare Cohort Study

Background Multimorbidity has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL). Previous studies included only a limited number of conditions. In this study, we analyse the impact of a large number of conditions on HRQL in multimorbid patients without preselecting particular diseases. We also explore the effects of these conditions on the specific dimensions of HRQL. Materials and Methods This analysis is based on a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 3189 multimorbid primary care patients aged 65 to 85. The impact of 45 conditions on HRQL was analysed. The severity of the conditions was rated. The EQ-5D, consisting of 5 dimensions and a visual-analogue-scale (EQ VAS), was employed. Data were analysed using multiple ordinary least squares and multiple logistic regressions. Multimorbidity measured by a weighted count score was significantly associated with lower overall HRQL (EQ VAS), b = −1.02 (SE: 0.06). Parkinson’s disease had the most pronounced negative effect on overall HRQL (EQ VAS), b = −12.29 (SE: 2.18), followed by rheumatism, depression, and obesity. With regard to the individual EQ-5D dimensions, depression (OR = 1.39 to 3.3) and obesity (OR = 1.44 to 1.95) affected all five dimensions of the EQ-5D negatively except for the dimension anxiety/depression. Obesity had a positive effect on this dimension, OR = 0.78 (SE: 0.07). The dimensions “self-care”, OR = 4.52 (SE: 1.37) and “usual activities”, OR = 3.59 (SE: 1.0), were most strongly affected by Parkinson’s disease. As a limitation our sample may only represent patients with at most moderate disease severity. Conclusions The overall HRQL of multimorbid patients decreases with an increasing count and severity of conditions. Parkinson’s disease, depression and obesity have the strongest impact on HRQL. Further studies should address the impact of disease combinations which require very large sample sizes as well as advanced statistical methods.
Hippocampal pyramidal cell degeneration and changes in CREB protein in Datura stramonium treated rats

Datura Stramonium (DS) is a tropical shrub which is available worldwide. It has various uses and is often used to increase the intoxication of certain beverages. The seeds of this plant are very toxic but are commonly smoked in like manner as tobacco. The present study investigated the potential harmful effects of DS on pyramidal cells and CREB protein in the hippocampus of Wistar rats in order to further elucidate the effects of DS seed extract on hippocampal structure. The study was conducted on both male and female Wistar rats (200-250 g). They were first divided into three batches, which were further sub-divided into four groups in each batch with eight animals per group. Ethanolic extract of dried seeds of DS was diluted in normal saline and given to the treatment groups. The treated groups received intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) of 750 mg kg-1 (Bania et al., 2004) of diluted DS seed extracts, once in batch 1, twice in batch 2 and thrice in batch 3 per day respectively for 4 weeks while the control groups received an equivalent of normal saline. The rats were euthanized and Western blot analysis used to evaluate the levels of CREB protein in the ratsâ hippocampi. Sections of each hippocampus were histologically processed in all the groups and silver impregnation stain for degenerating axons and neurons was used to elucidate the actions of DS on the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. The result of i.p. administration of DS extract (750 mg kg-1) given three times per day to the treated rats showed significant histological changes such as axonal atrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation and neuronal necrosis of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, as well as an increase in CREB protein levels in both male and female rats. Excessive ingestion of DS seeds, therefore, may lead to hippocampal pyramidal cell losses and an increase in CREB protein levels in the hippocampus. This may be implicated in neurological disorders.
Deep sequencing uncovers numerous small RNAs on all four replicons of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium species are capable of interkingdom gene transfer between bacteria and plants. The genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens consists of a circular and a linear chromosome, the At-plasmid and the Ti-plasmid, which harbors bacterial virulence genes required for tumor formation in plants. Little is known about promoter sequences and the small RNA (sRNA) repertoire of this and other α-proteobacteria. We used a differential RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) approach to map transcriptional start sites of 388 annotated genes and operons. In addition, a total number of 228 sRNAs was revealed from all four Agrobacterium replicons. Twenty-two of these were confirmed by independent RNA gel blot analysis and several sRNAs were differentially expressed in response to growth media, growth phase, temperature or pH. One sRNA from the Ti-plasmid was massively induced under virulence conditions. The presence of 76 cis-antisense sRNAs, two of them on the reverse strand of virulence genes, suggests considerable antisense transcription in Agrobacterium. The information gained from this study provides a valuable reservoir for an in-depth understanding of sRNA-mediated regulation of the complex physiology and infection process of Agrobacterium.
Beta-carotene supplementation attenuates cardiac remodeling induced by one-month tobacco-smoke exposure in rats.

OBJECTIVE The objectives were to analyze the cardiac effects of exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS), for a period of 30 days, alone and in combination with beta-carotene supplementation (BC). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Rats were allocated into: Air (control, n = 13); Air + BC (n = 11); ETS (n = 11); and BC + ETS (n = 9). In Air + BC and BC + ETS, 500 mg of BC were added to the diet. After three months of randomization, cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiogram. After that, animals were euthanized and morphological data were analyzed post-mortem. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to assess the effects of ETS, BC and the interaction between ETS and BC on the variables. RESULTS ETS presented smaller cardiac output (0.087 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.105 +/- 0.004 l/min; p = 0.007), higher left ventricular diastolic diameter (19.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 18.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; p = 0.024), higher left ventricular (2.02 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.70 +/- 0.03 g/kg; p < 0.001) and atrium (0.24 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; p = 0.003) weight, adjusted to body weight of animals, and higher values of hepatic lipid hydroperoxide (5.32 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.84 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue; p = 0.031) than Air. However, considering those variables, there were no differences between Air and BC + ETS (0.099 +/- 0.004 l/min; 19.0 +/- 0.5 mm/kg; 1.83 +/- 0.04 g/kg; 0.19 +/- 0.01 g/kg; 4.88 +/- 0.1 nmol/g tissue, respectively; p > 0.05). Ultrastructural alterations were found in ETS: disorganization or loss of myofilaments, plasmatic membrane infolding, sarcoplasm reticulum dilatation, polymorphic mitochondria with swelling and decreased cristae. In BC + ETS, most fibers showed normal morphological aspects. CONCLUSION One-month tobacco-smoke exposure induces functional and morphological cardiac alterations and BC supplementation attenuates this ventricular remodeling process.
Spamming Botnets : Are we losing the war ?

In this work, we examine the spamming activity of the IP space over time, and observe a worrisome phenomenon: spamming botnets are more widely and thinly spread in the IP space over the last four years. We find that (a), a previouslyunreported IP space (113.* 126.*) has become a major source of spamming activity, and (b), the spamming activity is more equally distributed among IP addresses. This spreading has grave significance and implications: (1 ) IPbased filtering for bots and spam will become less effective and more challenging, and (2 ) system administrators need to improve their mitigation techniques in order to win the war against botmasters.
Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: associations with presenting features, serum interleukin 10 levels, and clinical outcome.

PURPOSE EBV-latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) is often expressed in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), but its clinical significance is controversial. We correlated LMP-1 with presenting features, including serum interleukin 10 levels and clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients were eligible if they had biopsy-proven cHL, were untreated, HIV-1 negative, and had available archival tissue. LMP-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified 577 patients with cHL with a median age of 30 years, 55% of whom were male. LMP-1 was expressed in HRS cells of 124 patients (21%) and was detected in 78 of 461 (17%) patients with nodular sclerosis compared with 44 of 112 (39%) with mixed cellularity (P < 0.001 by Fisher's exact test). Patients with tumors with LMP-1-positive HRS cells had higher serum interleukin 10 levels (P = 0.009 by Mann-Whitney test). For the 303 patients treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine or equivalent regimens, the 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) for those with LMP-1-positive tumors was 74% compared with 81% for those with LMP-1-negative tumors (P = 0.23, by log-rank test). Overall survival (OS) at 5 years for patients with LMP-1-positive tumors was 90 versus 91% for patients with LMP-1-negative tumors (P = 0.8 by log-rank test). Expression of LMP-1 was not associated with different FFS and OS in patients treated with other regimens or with radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS LMP-1 was expressed by HRS cells in 21% of cHL and correlated with mixed cellularity type and higher serum interleukin 10 levels. The presence of LMP-1 was not associated with FFS or OS in uniformly treated patients.