Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Video Coding Using Legacy Algorithmic Approaches

We show that for high bit rates, a video coding algorithm using a suitable combination of the QM coder and on other methods first published over 20 years ago can deliver video quality rivaling that of H.264 at lower complexity. This has implications both technically, since encoders built using these methods can be more power efficient, and commercially, given the complex licensing and intellectual property issues that accompany newer coding methods such as H.264 and MPEG-4. The methods described in this paper are the basis for the recent decision of the MPEG standards group to begin work on what is referred to as the “Type-1 Video Coding” standard, which, in addition to aiming for high coding efficiency, is intended to minimize royalty issues.
Ecosystem‐scale measurements of nitrous oxide fluxes for an intensely grazed, fertilized grassland

An eddy covariance (EC) system with a tunable diode laser trace gas analyzer was used in a field setting in Ireland to measure N2O emissions on a continuous basis over an eight‐month period, spanning a range of seasonal conditions. Intensely‐grazed grassland fields within the footprint area of the EC sensors were subject to chemical fertilizer and slurry applications in order to boost grassland yield, and the amounts of these applications were documented by the farmers on a monthly basis. Three major emission events, covering a timeframe of 16 days (6.6% of the measurement period) contributed to over half (51.1%) of the observed cumulative flux. Two of these events occurred during the summer, while the third occurred during the winter, with vastly different soil moisture and soil temperature conditions associated with these times of the year. The type of N applications (fertilizer vs. slurry), soil moisture and temperature status had implications for controlling the short‐term rates of N2O emissions. Cumulative N2O emissions, however, were driven by fertilizer and slurry N applications, as the emission factor of approximately 3.0% displayed consistency throughout the eight‐month period.
Introducing SOSTOOLS: a general purpose sum of squares programming solver

SOSTOOLS is a MATLAB toolbox for constructing and solving sum of squares programs. It can be used in combination with semidefinite programming software, such as SeDuMi, to solve many continuous and combinatorial optimization problems, as well as various control-related problems. The paper provides an overview on sum of squares programming, describes the primary features of SOSTOOLS, and shows how SOSTOOLS is used to solve sum of squares programs. Some applications from different areas are presented to show the wide applicability of sum of squares programming in general and SOSTOOLS in particular.
The influence of bone mineral density and body mass index on resorption of edentulous jaws.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the relation of osteoporosis and body mass index to edentulous jaw bone resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study included 48 postmenopausal totally edentulous female patients, aged 50 to 84 years (average age 69.73), with period of at least 2 years after last tooth extraction. Bone mineral density was determined in the femoral neck and the lumbar area L2-L4 by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) using Lunar DEXA DPX-NT, GE Medical Systems hardware. Body mass index was calculated (BMI (kg/m(2))) using data from DEXA results. Lateral cephalogram (Pantomograph Trophycan C), and radiological measurement in the symphysis of the mandible was performed for each patient. Degree of the edentulous residual ridge resorption was determined clinically on diagnostic casts of anatomic impressions by classification of Kalk. RESULTS There is no statistically significant difference between groups, comparing mandibular bone height changes (p=0.054) and various degrees of residual ridge resorption in maxilla (p=0.743) and mandible (p=0.752) with different bone mineral contents. There is a statistically significant correlation between radiological mandibular measurement and body mass index (p=0.004). Statistically significant difference is also observed between various degrees of residual ridge resorption in maxilla (p=0.049) and mandible (p=0.027) and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Resorption of edentulous jaw bone does not increase when bone mineral density decreases. More severe manifestation of edentulous jaw bone resorption is observed in patients with diminished body mass index.
Cognition and Rationality in Negotiation

The authors claim that the greatest opportunity to improve negotiation performance lies in focusing on decision-making activities. Deviation from rationality, cognitive errors, assumptions of accuracy, and general "noise" are all factors that may affect the decision-making process. Identifying the specific changes, stemming from individual behaviour, that are required to improve decision making, results in a more useful description of effective human decision behaviour.
The carcinogenicity of methoxyl derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene: correlation between DNA adducts and genotoxicity.

To elucidate the cause of the difference in genotoxic activity between carcinogenic 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) and noncarcinogenic 2-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (2-MeO-AAB), we analyzed DNA adducts in the livers of rats exposed to either of these chemicals and studied the resulting biologic potential with the aid of in vitro modified M13 phage DNA. 32P-Postalbeling analysis revealed that the carcinogen 3-MeO-AAB produced 20-fold higher amounts of adducts than did 2-MeO-AAB. Five adducts were formed in the 3-MeO-AAB case whereas only one adduct was apparent in 2-MeO-AAB-treated rat. Studies of in vitro DNA replication using N-hydroxy (N-OH)-aminoazo dye-modified M13 phage DNA as a template demonstrated inhibition by 3-MeO-AAB adducts to be substantially greater than in the 2-MeO-AAB-adducts. The specificity of mutagenesis induced in M13mp9 phage DNA by these chemicals also was analyzed after transfection into SOS-induced Escherichia coli JM103, mutation frequencies being higher with N-OH-3-MeO-AAB- than N-OH-2-MeO-AAB-modified DNA. The mutation spectra differed in each case. Our data suggest that the difference in hepatocarcinogenic activity between the two chemicals depends not only on qualitative and quantitative variation in adduct formation but also on conformation changes in modified DNA. ImagesFigure 1. AFigure 1. BFigure 2.
Automatic Set List Identification and Song Segmentation for Full-Length Concert Videos

Recently, plenty of full-length concert videos have become available on video-sharing websites such as YouTube. As each video generally contains multiple songs, natural questions that arise include “what is the set list? ” and “when does each song begin and end? ” Indeed, many full concert videos on YouTube contain song lists and timecodes contributed by uploaders and viewers. However, newly uploaded content and videos of lesser-known artists typically lack this metadata. Manually labeling such metadata would be labor-intensive, and thus an automated solution is desirable. In this paper, we define a novel research problem, automatic set list segmentation of full concert videos, which calls for techniques in music information retrieval (MIR) such as audio fingerprinting, cover song identification, musical event detection, music alignment, and structural segmentation. Moreover, we propose a greedy approach that sequentially identifies a song from a database of studio versions and simultaneously estimates its probable boundaries in the concert. We conduct preliminary evaluations on a collection of 20 full concerts and 1,152 studio tracks. Our result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed greedy algorithm.
The success resource model of job stress

New developments in concepts and approaches to job stress should incorporate all relevant types of resources that promote well-being and health. The success resource model of job stress conceptualizes subjective success as causal agents for employee well-being and health (Grebner, Elfering, & Semmer, 2008a). So far, very little is known about what kinds of work experiences are perceived as success. The success resource model defines four dimensions of subjective occupational success: goal attainment, pro-social success, positive feedback, and career success. The model assumes that subjective success is a resource because it is valued in its own right, triggers positive affect and emotions (e.g., pleasure, cf., Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996), helps to protect and gain other resources like self-efficacy (Hobfoll, 1998, 2001), has direct positive effects on well-being (e.g., job satisfaction, cf., Locke & Latham, 1990) and health (Carver & Scheier, 1999), facilitates learning (Frese & Zapf, 1994), and has an energizing (Locke & Latham, 1990, 2002) and attention-directing effect (Carver, 2003), which can promote recovery by promoting mental detachment from work tasks in terms of absence of job-related rumination in leisure time (Sonnentag & Bayer, 2005). The model proposes that success is promoted by other resources like job control (Frese & Zapf, 1994) while job stressors, like hindrance stressors such as performance constraints and role ambiguity (LePine, Podsakoff, & LePine, 2005), can work against success (Frese & Zapf, 1994). The model assumes reciprocal direct effects of subjective success on well-being, health, and recovery (upward spiral), and a moderator effect of success on the stressor–strain relationship. The chapter discusses research evidence, measurement of subjective occupational success, value of the model for job stress interventions, future research requirements, and methodological concerns.
On the capacity and the zero-error capacity of k-resilient AND anti-collusion codes

Embedding anti-collusion fingerprinting codes to digital contents enables us to protect the digital contents from piracy. Recently, Trappe et al. proposed an anti-collusion code (AND-ACC) such that all the illegal users are exactly detected from a binary sequence obtained from AND of all the codewords of the illegal users, where the number of the illegal users is assumed to be less than or equal to a constant k ≥ 2. In this paper we focus on the AND-ACC and analyze the number of codewords M with increasing the codeword length n for an arbitrarily fixed k ≥ 2. First, we define the zero-error capacity C*k of the AND-ACC and give a lower and an upper bounds of C*k. The lower bound of C*k is obtained by using a lemma used in a coding theorem on the identification codes. In addition, we extend the AND-ACC to the case where negligible detection error is permitted. We define the capacity Ck and give a lower and an upper bounds of Ck. These bounds are established by using techniques used for coding of a multiple-access channel.
SORCS1: A Novel Human Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Gene Suggested by the Mouse

OBJECTIVE—A small number of susceptibility genes for human type 2 diabetes have been identified by candidate gene analysis or positional cloning. Genes found to influence diabetes or related traits in mice are likely to be susceptibility genes in humans. SorCS1 is the gene identified as responsible for the mouse chromosome 19 T2dm2 quantitative trait locus for fasting insulin levels, acting via impaired insulin secretion and increased islet disruption in obese females. Genes that impair compensatory insulin secretion in response to obesity-induced insulin resistance may be particularly relevant to human diabetes. Thus, we sought to determine whether variation in the human SORCS1 gene was associated with diabetes-related traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We assessed the contribution of variation in SORCS1 to human insulin–related traits in two distinct Mexican-American cohorts. One cohort (the Mexican-American Coronary Artery Disease [MACAD] cohort) consisted of nondiabetic individuals, allowing assessment of genetic association with subclinical intermediate insulin-related traits; the second cohort (the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study [SAFADS]) contained individuals with diabetes, allowing association analyses with overt disease. RESULTS—We first found association of SORCS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes with fasting insulin levels and insulin secretion in the MACAD cohort. Similar to our results in the mice, the genetic association was strongest in overweight women. We then observed association with diabetes risk and age at diagnosis in women of the SAFADS cohort. CONCLUSIONS—Identification of SORCS1 as a novel gene affecting insulin secretion and diabetes risk is likely to provide important insight into the biology of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes.
On Auditing Elections When Precincts Have Different Sizes

We address the problem of auditing an election when precincts may have different sizes. Prior work in this field has emphasized the simpler case when all precincts have the same size. Using auditing methods developed for use with equal-sized precincts can, however, be inefficient or result in loss of statistical confidence when applied to elections with variable-sized precincts. We survey, evaluate, and compare a variety of approaches to the variable-sized precinct auditing problem, including the SAFE method [11] which is based on theory developed for equal-sized precincts. We introduce new methods such as the negative-exponential method "NEGEXP" that select precincts independently for auditing with predetermined probabilities, and the "PPEBWR" method that uses a sequence of rounds to select precincts with replacement according to some predetermined probability distribution that may depend on error bounds for each precinct (hence the name PPEBWR: probability proportional to error bounds, with replacement), where the error bounds may depend on the sizes of the precincts, or on how the votes were cast in each precinct. We give experimental results showing that NEGEXP and PPEBWR can dramatically reduce (by a factor or two or three) the cost of auditing compared to methods such as SAFE that depend on the use of uniform sampling. Sampling so that larger precincts are audited with appropriately larger probability can yield large reductions in expected number of votes counted in an audit. We also present the optimal auditing strategy, which is nicely representable as a linear programming problem but only efficiently computable for small elections (fewer than a dozen precincts). We conclude with some recommendations for practice.
The prognostic value of early aEEG in asphyxiated infants undergoing systemic hypothermia treatment

Background: Induced moderate hypothermia (HT) for 72 h has been shown to reduce the combined outcome of death or severe neurodevelopmental disabilities in asphyxiated full‐term infants. A pathological amplitude integrated EEG background as early as 3–6 h after birth, has been shown to correlate to poor prognosis.
Is Question Answering Better than Information Retrieval? Towards a Task-Based Evaluation Framework for Question Series

This paper introduces a novel evaluation framework for question series and employs it to explore the effectiveness of QA and IR systems at addressing users’ information needs. The framework is based on the notion of recall curves, which characterize the amount of relevant information contained within a fixed-length text segment. Although it is widely assumed that QA technology provides more efficient access to information than IR systems, our experiments show that a simple IR baseline is quite competitive. These results help us better understand the role of NLP technology in QA systems and suggest directions for future research.
Expression of CC chemokine receptor-7 and regional lymph node metastasis of B16 murine melanoma.

BACKGROUND CC chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7), which plays a critical role in the migration of activated dendritic cells to regional lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels, is also expressed by human breast and melanoma cell lines. Because neoplastic cells also enter lymphatic vessels before metastasis to the lymph nodes, we investigated whether CCR7 expression enhances metastasis of B16 murine melanoma cells to regional lymph nodes. METHODS B16 cells were transduced with a retroviral vector containing CCR7 complementary DNA (CCR7-B16 cells) or with vector alone (pLNCX2-B16 control cells). The functional assay for CCR7 protein was Ca(2+) flux stimulated by the chemokine CCL21, a CCR7-specific ligand produced by lymphatic endothelial cells. B16 tumor cells were injected into the footpad of mice. Tumor cell metastasis to draining lymph nodes was assessed by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) for tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP), a melanocyte-specific enzyme, with real-time, quantitative reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS One week after injection into the footpad, 701-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64- to 1336-fold) more TRP mRNA was detected in draining lymph nodes from CCR7-B16 cell-injected mice than in those from control cell-injected mice. Three weeks after footpad injection, 58% (11 of 19) of the draining lymph nodes from CCR7-B16 cell-injected mice and 5% (one of 19) of those from control mice showed gross metastases (P<.001). CCR7-B16 cells isolated from lymph node metastases retained functional CCR7 expression. Lymph node metastasis of CCR7-B16 cells was blocked by neutralizing anti-CCL21 antibodies (metastasis in none of five lymph nodes) but not by control immunoglobulin G (three of five). Enhanced metastasis of CCR7-B16 cells was specific for a lymphatic route because both CCR7-B16 and control cells co-injected intravenously metastasized to the lung at the same frequency. CONCLUSION Expression of a single chemokine receptor gene, CCR7, increased B16 cell metastasis to draining lymph nodes, suggesting that cancer cells may co-opt normal mechanisms of lymph node homing during metastasis.
Cosmic Statistics through Weak Lenses

Many recent studies have demonstrated that scaling arguments, such as the so-called hierarchical ansatz, are extremely useful in understanding the statistical properties of weak gravitational lensing. This is especially true on small angular scales (i.e. at high resolution), where the usual perturbative calculations of matter clustering no longer apply. We build on these studies in order to develop a complete picture of weak lensing at small smoothing angles. In particular, we study the full probability distribution function, bias and other multipoint statistics for the “hot spots” of the convergence field induced by weak lensing, and relate these to the statistics of overdense regions in underlying mass distribution. It is already known that weak lensing can constrain the background geometry of the Universe, but we further show that it can also provide valuable information about the statistics of collapsed objects and the physics of collisionless clustering. Our results are particularly important for future observations which will, at least initially, focus on small smoothing angles.
Linear Interference Suppression for Spread Spectrum Systems with Switched Interleaving and Limited Feedback

In this paper we propose a novel transmission scheme based on switched interleaving and limited feedback for downlink DS-CDMA systems. The proposed switched interleaving DS-CDMA scheme (SI-CDMA) requires the cooperation among the transmitter, the receiver and a feedback channel sending the index of the interleaver to be used. The transmit chip-interleaver is chosen by the receiver from a codebook of interleaving matrices known to both the receiver and the transmitter and the codebook index is sent back from the feedback channel using a limited number of bits. In order to design the codebook, we consider patterns such as the block interleavers, and a selection function is designed to maximize the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We present a block-based linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receiver for interference suppression. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves significantly better performance than the conventional CDMA systems and the existing chip-interleaving schemes.
Concept profiles for filtering parliamentary documents

Content-based recommender/filtering systems help to appropriately distribute information among the individuals or organizations that could consider it of interest. In this paper we describe a filtering system to deal with the problem of assigning documents to members of the parliament potentially interested on them. The proposed approach exploits subjects taken from a conceptual thesaurus to create the user profiles and to describe the documents to be filtered. The assignment of subjects to documents is modeled as a multilabel classification problem. Experiments with a real parliamentary corpus are reported, evaluating several methods to assign conceptual subjects to documents and to match those sets of subjects with user profiles.
Exploiting Volunteered Geographic Information to describe Place

Traditional geographic information focuses on well-structured spatial data, generally based on either crisp objects or continuous fields, which usually reflect an institutional viewpoint and the purpose for which a dataset was collected. The attributes of such data are typically single valued at a given location or for a given object and thus, by definition, cannot reflect multiple viewpoints. Such representations are of course well suited to many tasks where we apply geographic information (for example querying the rateable value of individual houses or the elevation of a particular point in space). Equally, though it is clear that if we asked ten GISRUK participants about Manchester, we would hear ten differing perspectives on the place that is Manchester and that these perspectives would reflect the experiences and backgrounds of those that we asked. To date, relatively little research in GIScience has focussed on these multiple perspectives, in contrast to work in human geography where the notion of place is seen as central to the discipline itself (Cresswell, 2004). Fisher and Unwin (2005) recognised this gap within GIScience research:
Implementation of Ultrasonic Sensing for High Resolution Measurement of Binary Gas Mixture Fractions

We describe an ultrasonic instrument for continuous real-time analysis of the fractional mixture of a binary gas system. The instrument is particularly well suited to measurement of leaks of a high molecular weight gas into a system that is nominally composed of a single gas. Sensitivity < 5 × 10−5 is demonstrated to leaks of octaflouropropane (C3F8) coolant into nitrogen during a long duration (18 month) continuous study. The sensitivity of the described measurement system is shown to depend on the difference in molecular masses of the two gases in the mixture. The impact of temperature and pressure variances on the accuracy of the measurement is analysed. Practical considerations for the implementation and deployment of long term, in situ ultrasonic leak detection systems are also described. Although development of the described systems was motivated by the requirements of an evaporative fluorocarbon cooling system, the instrument is applicable to the detection of leaks of many other gases and to processes requiring continuous knowledge of particular binary gas mixture fractions.