Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2016 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures

This document underwent a 14-day peer review between February 23, February 22, 2016, and March 20, 2016. This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Boa Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on August 19, 2016, and the The American College of Cardiology requests that this document be cited a RG, Ezekowitz JA, Fonarow GC, Kantharia BK, Kleinman M, Nichol G, Varo vention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiolo Coll Cardiol 2016;xx:xx-xx. This article has been copublished in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality a Copies: This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the Association (http://professional.heart.org). For copies of this document, plea (reprints@elsevier.com). Permissions: Multiple copies, modification, alteration, enhancement, and permission of the American College of Cardiology. Requests may be compl author-agreement/obtaining-permission). Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, FACC, FAHAy Bharat K. Kantharia, MD, FAHA, FACC, FHRS* Monica Kleinman, MD Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FAHA, FHRS Paul D. Varosy, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*
Dependence of Frequency and Magnetic Field on Self-Heating Characteristics of NiFe$_2$O$_4$Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia

Self-heating temperature-rising characteristics of nano-size controlled NiFe2O4 particles were analyzed as a function of applied frequency and magnetic field in order to investigate the physical principle of self-heating and to confirm the possibility for a real in vivo hyperthermia application. According to the magnetic properties of 35-nm size NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, it was confirmed that the physical mechanism of self-heating is mainly attributed to the hysteresis loss. In addition, it was found that the self-heating temperature was linearly increased by increasing frequency and was proportionally square to the applied magnetic field. The self-heating temperature was rapidly increased in an initial stage and then it reached to the maximum. The maximum self-heating temperature was controlled from 2.8degC to 72.6degC by changing the applied frequency and magnetic field. The corresponding product of the frequency and the strength of magnetic field H0f was between 1.9times108 Am-1s-1 and 13.4times10 8 Am-1s-1. These values are in the biological safety and tolerable range for hyperthermia considering deleterious physiological response of human body during hyperthermia treatment
The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Exports from the Technology Sector in Costa Rica

The research examined the relationship between FDI, imports and exports of the technology sector in Costa Rica. A three-stage procedure was used to examine this relationship: Testing Time Series Properties, Cointegration and Granger to estimate FDI significance and effects of FDI on technology sector exports. The results suggest an export-platform for FDI supporting that the finding may be important for Costa Rica. Also, examined were links between FDI and imports, which may show the significance effects of FDI and imports. The study followed a causal correlational approach to analyze the relationship between FDI, imports and exports, and respective regression equations. A first step tested time series data for stationarity using Augmented Dickey-Fuller and PhillipePherron; and excluding Lumsdaine and Papell to detect two-time structural breaks in the unit root analysis, because the time horizon was too narrow for reliable estimates of breaks. The second step was cointegration testing and finally, the third step is the Granger test addressed in terms of a VAR (vector auto regression) system. Granger was used to find any indication of FDI inflows causing technology sector exports to increase and technology sector imports to decrease, which may indicate the presence of an FDI exportplatform strategy and that FDI inflows into the technology sector, may cause import substitution. Secondary data for the period 1995 to 2008 was used to analyze the relationship between FDI, imports and exports of the technology sector. The finding provided important implications for Costa Rica, strategic trade and foreign investment policies. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES Page vi LIST OF FIGURES vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Introduction and Background to the Problem Purpose Defmition of Terms Delimitations and Scope CHAPTER 11: LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AND HYPOTHESES Introduction to the Review of the Literature Theories Related to FDI, Exports and Imports Foreign Direct Investment and Exports Relationship between FDI and the Technology Sector Research Questions Hypotheses CHAPTER 111: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design Sample Instrumentation Procedures: Ethical Considerations and Data Collection Methods of Data Analysis Evaluation of Research Methods CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS OF DATA Introduction Organization of Data Analysis Description, Analysis, Explanations and Interpretation of Results Summary CHAPTER V: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Introduction Summary of the Study Conclusions ' Limitations of the Study Recommendations for Further Research TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPW Page 101 APPENDICES 154 Appendix 1: Literature about the Relationship between FDI, Imports 154 and Exports LIST OF TABLES . 1-1. Variable Definitions 4-1. Step 1Unit Root Analysis 4-2. Step 2Vector Auto Regression 4-3. Step 3Granger Page 10 80 82 86 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1. Technology Sector Definition 2.1. Hypothesized Model 3.1. The Relationship between FDI Flows and Real Investment Page 6 44 54
Stearoylethanolamide exerts anorexic effects in mice via downregulation of liver stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase‐1 mRNA expression

Given the recent demonstration that oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a cannabinoid receptor‐inactive N‐acylethanolamine, decreases food intake by activating the nuclear receptor PPARα (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α) in the periphery, we here evaluated the effects of both saturated and unsaturated C18 N‐acylethanolamides (C18:0; C18:1; C18:2) in mice feeding behavior after overnight starvation. Our results show stearoylethanolamide (SEA, C18:0) exerts, unlike other unsaturated C18 homologs, a marked dose‐dependent anorexic effect evident already at 2 h after its intraperitoneal administration. In addition, oral administration of SEA (25 mg/kg) was also effective in reducing food consumption, an effect ascribed to the molecule itself and not to its catabolites. Moreover, although the anorexic response to oral administered SEA was not associated with changes in the levels of various hematochemical parameters (e.g., glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin) nor in liver mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, the anorexic effect of SEA was interestingly accompanied by a reduction in liver stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD‐1) mRNA expression. As SCD‐1 has been recently proposed as a molecular target for the treatment of obesity, the novel observation provided here that SEA reduces food intake in mice in a structurally selective manner, in turn, correlated with downregulation of liver SCD‐1 mRNA expression, has the potential of providing new insights on a class of lipid mediators with suitable properties for the pharmacological treatment of over‐eating dysfunctions.
Sustainability Performance in Food Supply Networks: Insights from the UK Industry

The purpose of this research is to introduce a qualitative sustainability performance assessment framework for food supply networks, based on the perception of their key stakeholders’ upper management. Moreover, the paper provides industry insights by exemplifying the value of the proposed framework for the UK food industry. A critical review on the most acknowledged sustainability assessment methodologies and tools resulted in the synthesis of the proposed framework. An illustrative application follows, based on data from semi-structured interviews with C-level executives from key players of the UK poultry sector. The results demonstrate an easy-to-use approach, with a comprehensive and sharp outcome on supply chain sustainability performance assessment. Industry insights demonstrate an adequate sustainability performance with respect to the entire supply chain. A detailed view on different echelons reveals specific areas that could be improved, such as the environmental performance at both farming (production) and processing levels. This work extends the scope of current sustainability performance assessment tools by providing a tangible triple bottom-line overview, as well as echelon-specific and indicator-specific details, in a user-friendly, yet straightforward, way. UK food industry insights are valuable for practitioners and academics. The illustration is based exclusively on C-level executives’ viewpoint; thus, any generalization of the results should be considered to this effect. Supply chain stakeholders, policy-makers, and researchers could perform a quick and reliable supply network sustainability performance assessment.
A novel functional CT contrast agent for molecular imaging of cancer

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) labeled gold nanoparticle (AuNP-2-DG) as a functionally targeted computed tomography (CT) contrast agent to obtain high-resolution metabolic and anatomic information of tumor in a single CT scan. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated and were conjugated with 1-DG or 2-DG. 1-DG provides an excellent comparison since it is known to interfere with the ability of the glucose transporter to recognize the sugar moiety. The human alveolar epithelial cancer cell line, A-549, was chosen for the in vitro cellular uptake assay. Three groups of cell samples were incubated with the 1-DG or 2-DG labeled AuNP and the unlabeled AuNP. Following the incubation, the cells were washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline to remove the excess AuNPs and spun using a centrifuge. The cell pellets were imaged using a microCT scanner immediately after the centrifugation. Internalization of AuNP-2-DG is verified using transmission electron microscopy imaging. Significant contrast enhancement in the cell samples incubated with the AuNP-2-DG with respect to the cell samples incubated with the unlabeled AuNP and the AuNP-1-DG was observed in multiple CT slices. Results from our in vitro experiments suggest that the AuNP-2-DG may be used as a functional CT contrast agent to provide high-resolution metabolic and anatomic information in a single CT scan. These results justify further in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the feasibility of using the AuNP-2-DG as a functional CT contrast agent in radiation therapy settings.
Steatosis degree, measured by morphometry, is linked to other liver lesions and metabolic syndrome components in patients with NAFLD

Background and aim We carried out morphometric measurements of steatosis to evaluate relationships between steatosis degree and other liver lesions or metabolic syndrome components in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients and methods We developed an algorithm to measure steatosis area. Two hundred and fourteen patients with NAFLD were included in derivation (10) and validation (204) groups. Controls consisted of patients who were steatosis-free (12), patients with chronic hepatitis C (188), and patients with alcoholic chronic liver disease (94). Results Accuracy of steatosis area was considered as good or very good in at least 72% of cases by three pathologists. Steatosis areas were as follows: NAFLD=10.3±9.7%, virus=2.4±3.1%, alcohol=7.8±8.2% (P<0.0001). Steatosis area was closely related to steatosis grades in NAFLD (P<0.0001 for linear trend). Steatosis area increased from the fibrosis stage F0 to the fibrosis state F2, then decreased in the stages F3 and F4 (cirrhosis) (P<0.0001 for quadratic trend). Fibrosis was present in an average steatosis area of approximately 4% (defining significant steatosis) and in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by approximately 8% (defining severe steatosis). Steatosis and fibrosis area increased symmetrically until approximately 10%, then steatosis area decreased to null as average fibrosis area reached 32%. Average fasting glycemia (approximately 92 mg/dl) or triglycerides and BMI plateaued before a steatosis area of approximately 4%, then increased thereafter. Significant steatosis was present in 61.3% of NAFLD versus 20.2% of viral hepatitis (P<0.0001) and in 58.7% of alcoholic liver diseases (P=0.674). Conclusions The average threshold of steatosis area is 4% for the development of fibrosis or metabolic syndrome components and 8% for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Steatosis area may contribute to defining the normal range and clinical course of metabolic components.
Intervening Effect of Financial Services on the Relationship Between Bank Restructuring and Financial Performance

Previous studies on the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance reveal conflicting results with few studies establishing the effect of financial services. Few studies have investigated the causality between bank restructuring and financial performance as intervened by deposits and customer loans. The positivism research philosophy and descriptive and inferential causal research design were used in this study. The hypothetical view of the study was that the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya is not intervened by deposits and customer loans. The 39 commercial banks that were consistently in business for the period 2002 to 2014 were included in the study. Bank restructuring was disaggregated into financial restructuring, capital restructuring, operational restructuring and asset restructuring. The empirical findings were as follows: There was a significant direct association between bank restructuring and financial performance which was intervened by deposits and customer loans as proxies for financial services. Deposits were found to be significant in intervening the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. Customer loans on the other had was not found to significantly intervene the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. A composite variable of financial services denoting the aggregate of the intervention of deposits and customer loans showed a significant intervening effect on the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. The study outcome therefore reveals that the hypothesis that the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance is not intervened by financial services is rejected. The conclusion is that banks should focus more on deposits to caution against a decrease in financial performance. Additionally customer loans should not be ignored since the intervention though insignificant tends to negatively influence financial performance. The implication is that when banks focus more on the provision of financial services they are likely to compromise financial finance possibly because of the increased costs associated with providing financial services. Regulatory institutions such as the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and the Kenya Institute of Bankers can use the study results to enhance policy and prudential guidelines to increase profitability of the banks. The study recommends that there is need to increase financial services offered by banks to increase outreach other than improving profitability of banks.
Analysis of high frequency effects in the intrinsic part of nano-metre scale MOS devices in millimeter wave band

Distributed effects may appear in active devices in mm-wave CMOS integrated design. In this paper we have analyzed the distributed effects in the intrinsic MOS transistor. Non-quasi static effect has been reviewed and its importance in mm-wave band has been demonstrated by simulations in the foundry design kit for STMicroelectronics 90nm CMOS technology. The distributed effect of MOS transistor has been analyzed and modeled and closed form equations have been derived to calculate Y parameters of the transistor, considering the distributed nature of the transistor. Analysis results are in excellent agreement with the simulation results. The results show that by using the strategy of double connection to the gate finger the distributed effects can be avoided in millimeter wave band.
Continuous cardiac output in septic shock by simulating a model of the aortic input impedance: a comparison with bolus injection thermodilution.

BACKGROUND To compare continuous cardiac output obtained by simulation of an aortic input impedance model to bolus injection thermodilution (TDCO) in critically ill patients with septic shock. METHODS In an open study, mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock were monitored for 1 (32 patients), 2 (15 patients), or 3 (5 patients) days. The hemodynamic state was altered by varying the dosages of dopamine, norepinephrine, or dobutamine. TDCO was estimated 189 times as the series average of four automated phase-controlled injections of iced 5% glucose, spread equally over the ventilatory cycle. Continuous model-simulated cardiac output (MCO) was computed from radial or femoral artery pressure. On each day, the first TDCO value was used to calibrate the model. RESULTS TDCO ranged from 4.1 to 18.2 l/min. The bias (mean difference between MCO and TDCO) on the first day before calibration was -1.92 +/- 2.3 l/min (mean +/- SD; n = 32; 95% limits of agreement, -6.5 to 2.6 l/min). The bias increased at higher levels of cardiac output (P < 0.05). In 15 patients studied on two consecutive days, the precalibration ratio TDCO:MCO on day 1 was 1.39 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- SD) and did not change on day 2 (1.39 +/- 0.34). After calibration, the bias was -0.1 +/- 0.8 l/min with 82% of the comparisons (n = 112) < 1 l/min and 58% (n = 79) < 0.5 l/min, and independent of the level of cardiac output. CONCLUSIONS In mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock, changes in bolus TDCO are reflected by calibrated MCO over a range of cardiac output values. A single calibration of the model appears sufficient to monitor continuous cardiac output over a 2-day period with a bias of -0.1 +/- 0.8 l/min.
Stable Cell Surface Expression of GPI‐Anchored Proteins, but not Intracellular Transport, Depends on their Fatty Acid Structure

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) are a class of lipid anchored proteins expressed on the cell surface of eukaryotes. The potential interaction of GPI‐APs with ordered lipid domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids has been proposed to function in the intracellular transport of these lipid anchored proteins. Here, we examined the biological importance of two saturated fatty acids present in the phosphatidylinositol moiety of GPI‐APs. These fatty acids are introduced by the action of lipid remodeling enzymes and required for the GPI‐AP association within ordered lipid domains. We found that the fatty acid remodeling is not required for either efficient Golgi‐to‐plasma membrane transport or selective endocytosis via GPI‐enriched early endosomal compartment (GEEC)/ clathrin‐independent carrier (CLIC) pathway, whereas cholesterol depletion significantly affects both pathways independent of their fatty acid structure. Therefore, the mechanism of cholesterol dependence does not appear to be related to the interaction with ordered lipid domains mediated by two saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, cholesterol extraction drastically releases the unremodeled GPI‐APs carrying an unsaturated fatty acid from the cell surface, but not remodeled GPI‐APs carrying two saturated fatty acids. This underscores the essential role of lipid remodeling to ensure a stable membrane association of GPI‐APs particularly under potential membrane lipid perturbation.
Scenic Image Hierarchical Representation and Associative Memory

Natural scenic image representation is a very active and promising research domain both in images visual perception, understand, modeling and in image retrieval. A hierarchical organization and representation approach for conceptualized scene images is proposed. Based on scenic image semantic learning, a semantic representation vector for a scenic category is formed so that three level codes hierarchy path for a scenic image is made up. In addition, in order to strengthen scenic image perception and scenic components memory, a semantic scenic associative memory approach is presented. In terms of part clues, the associative components of the scene are reminded. The experiment shows that increase the scenic elements association may enhance the recall ability.
An Integrated Inductor for Parallel Interleaved Three-Phase Voltage Source Converters

Three-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) are often connected in parallel to realize the high current output converter system. The harmonic quality of the resultant switched output voltage can be improved by interleaving the carrier signals of these parallel-connected VSCs. As a result, the line current filtering requirement can be reduced. However, an additional inductive filter is required to suppress the circulating current. The integrated inductive component, which combines the functionality of the line filter inductor and the circulating current inductor is presented in this paper. An analysis of the flux density distribution in the integrated inductor is presented and design procedure is described. The analysis has been also verified by performing finite-element analysis. The advantage offered by the use of the integrated inductor is demonstrated by comparing its volume with the volume of the state-of-the-art filtering solution. The performance of the integrated inductor is also verified by the experimental measurements.
National outcomes after gastric resection for neoplasm.

HYPOTHESIS That factors affecting outcomes of surgical resection in the treatment of gastric cancer can be identified using a large US database. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2003. PATIENTS We included 13 354 patient discharges (approximately 66 096 nationally by weighted analysis) who underwent gastric resection for neoplasm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In-hospital mortality. Univariate analyses were performed by means of chi(2) tests. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine which variables were independently predictive of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 50 738 patients (approximately 250 420 nationally) were discharged with the diagnosis of gastric neoplasm. Of those, 13 354 (26.3%) underwent gastric resection during their hospitalization. In-hospital mortality for patients undergoing surgery was 6.0%, without significant change from 1998 through 2003. Factors predictive of significantly increased in-hospital mortality included low annual hospital surgical volume (lowest [<or= 4 gastrectomies per year] vs highest [>or= 11 gastrectomies per year], 6.8% vs 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8]), older patient age (50-69 vs <50 years, 4.0% vs 2.1%; adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) (>or =70 vs <50 years, 8.6% vs 2.1%; adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.3), male sex (male vs female, 6.7% vs 5.0%; adjusted OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and procedure type (total gastrectomy vs all other resections, 8.0% vs 5.3%; adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). CONCLUSIONS Higher annual surgical volume is predictive of lower in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing gastric resection for neoplasm. Other factors significantly associated with superior outcomes after gastric resection included diagnosis type, procedure type, younger age, female sex, and fewer comorbid conditions.