Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-Frequency Analysis of Fourier Integral Operators

We use time-frequency methods for the study of Fourier Integral operators (FIOs). In this paper we shall show that Gabor frames provide very efficient representations for a large class of FIOs. Indeed, similarly to the case of shearlets and curvelets frames, the matrix representation of a Fourier Integral Operator with respect to a Gabor frame is well-organized. This is used as a powerful tool to study the boundedness of FIOs on modulation spaces. As special cases, we recapture boundedness results on modulation spaces for pseudo-differential operators with symbols in $M^{\infty,1}$, for some unimodular Fourier multipliers and metaplectic operators.
Dense Depth Map Reconstruction from Sparse Measurements Using a Multilayer Conditional Random Field Model

Acquiring accurate dense depth maps is crucial for accurate 3D reconstruction. Current high quality depth sensors capable of generating dense depth maps are expensive and bulky, while compact low-cost sensors can only reliably generate sparse depth measurements. We propose a novel multilayer conditional random field (MCRF) approach to reconstruct a dense depth map of a target scene given the sparse depth measurements and corresponding photographic measurements obtained from stereo photogrammetric systems. Estimating the dense depth map is formulated as a maximum posterior (MAP) inference problem where a smoothness prior is assumed. Our MCRF model uses the sparse depth measurement as an additional observation layer and describes relations between nodes with multivariate feature functions based on the depth and photographic measurements. The method is first qualitatively analyzed when performed on data collected with a compact stereo camera, then quantitative performance is measured using the Middlebury stereo vision data for ground truth. Experimental results show our method performs well for reconstructing simple scenes and has lower mean squared error compared to other dense depth map reconstruction methods.
Market Representations in Action: Foundations for the Performativity of Representations in Marketing

The unclear understanding of markets creates a gap that deters the construction of a Theory of Markets. The aim here is to disambiguate, for the marketing reader, the use of the market concept. To further this aim, a literature review surveys three approaches anchored not only in marketing but also in the sociology of markets. From the sociology of markets, Network analysis, Field analysis, and Performativity are used. From marketing, Trade arenas of price uniformity, Consumers’ cognitive frameworks, and Value systems are used. This literature review reveals that, to a large extent in mainstream marketing, markets are taken for granted. However, research streams within marketing, such as IMP, Macromarketing, or Service-Dominant Logic, have developed novel understandings of markets. This is the first time that a literature review on markets outlines understandings from both marketing and the sociology of markets.
MatrixExplorer: a Dual-Representation System to Explore Social Networks

MatrixExplorer is a network visualization system that uses two representations: node-link diagrams and matrices. Its design comes from a list of requirements formalized after several interviews and a participatory design session conducted with social science researchers. Although matrices are commonly used in social networks analysis, very few systems support the matrix-based representations to visualize and analyze networks. MatrixExplorer provides several novel features to support the exploration of social networks with a matrix-based representation, in addition to the standard interactive filtering and clustering functions. It provides tools to reorder (layout) matrices, to annotate and compare findings across different layouts and find consensus among several clusterings. MatrixExplorer also supports node-link diagram views which are familiar to most users and remain a convenient way to publish or communicate exploration results. Matrix and node-link representations are kept synchronized at all stages of the exploration process
New Strains Intended for the Production of Inactivated Polio Vaccine at Low-Containment After Eradication

Poliomyelitis has nearly been eradicated through the efforts of the World Health Organization’s Global Eradication Initiative raising questions on containment of the virus after it has been eliminated in the wild. Most manufacture of inactivated polio vaccines currently requires the growth of large amounts of highly virulent poliovirus, and release from a production facility after eradication could be disastrous; WHO have therefore recommended the use of the attenuated Sabin strains for production as a safer option although it is recognised that they can revert to a transmissible paralytic form. We have exploited the understanding of the molecular virology of the Sabin vaccine strains to design viruses that are extremely genetically stable and hyperattenuated. The viruses are based on the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain and have been genetically modified in domain V of the 5’ non-coding region by changing base pairs to produce a cassette into which capsid regions of other serotypes have been introduced. The viruses give satisfactory yields of antigenically and immunogenically correct viruses in culture, are without measurable neurovirulence and fail to infect non-human primates under conditions where the Sabin strains will do so.
Time Course of Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Decompression Bubbles in Rats

Decompression stress can cause endothelial injury, leading to systematic inflammation and prothrombotic phenomena. Our previous work found that endothelial injury following decompression correlated positively with bubble formation. This study aimed to investigate the time course of endothelial injury and the relationship with bubble amounts. Rats were subjected to a simulated air dive to 7 ATA for 90 min with rapid decompression. Bubbles were detected ultrasonically at the root of pulmonary arteries following decompression. Surviving rats were randomly divided into six groups according to sampling time following decompression (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Three parameters, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were identified from our previous study and measured. The level of MDA reached a peak level at 12 h post decompression, and then decreased gradually to control level before 72 h. For both ET-1 and ICAM-1, the greatest expression appeared at 24 h following surfacing, and the increases lasted for more than 72 h. These changes correlated positively with bubble counts at most detection time points. This study reveals the progress of endothelial dysfunction following decompression which provides guidance for timing the determination at least for the current model. The results further verify that bubbles are the causative agents of decompression induced endothelial damage and bubble amounts are an objective and suitable parameter to predict endothelial dysfunction. Most importantly, levels of endothelial biomarkers post dive may serve as sensitive parameters for assessing bubble load and decompression stress.
An analysis of search-based user interaction on the semantic web

Many Semantic Web applications provide access to their resources through text-based search queries, using explicit semantics to improve the search results. This paper provides an analysis of the current state of the art in semantic search, based on 35 existing systems. We identify different types of semantic search features that are used during query construction, the core search process, the presentation of the search results and user feedback on query and results. For each of these, we consider the functionality that the system provides and how this is made available through the user interface.
The Interaction between Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B Receptors and Presynaptic Muscarinic Receptors Modulates Transmitter Release in Adult Rodent Motor Nerve Terminals

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and the receptors tropomyosin-related kinase B (trkB) and p75NTR are present in the nerve terminals on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the levator auris longus muscle of the adult mouse. Exogenously added BDNF or NT-4 increased evoked ACh release after 3 h. This presynaptic effect (the size of the spontaneous potentials is not affected) is specific because it is not produced by neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and is prevented by preincubation with trkB-IgG chimera or by pharmacological block of trkB [K-252a (C27H21N3O5)] or p75NTR [Pep5 (C86H111N25O19S2)] signaling. The effect of BDNF depends on the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine autoreceptors (mAChRs) because it is prevented by atropine, pirenzepine and methoctramine. We found that K-252a incubation reduces ACh release (∼50%) in a short time (1 h), but the p75NTR signaling inhibitor Pep5 does not have this effect. The specificity of the K-252a blocking effect on trkB was confirmed with the anti-trkB antibody 47/trkB, which reduces evoked ACh release, like K-252a, whereas the nonpermeant tyrosine kinase blocker K-252b does not. Neither does incubation with the fusion protein trkB-IgG (to chelate endogenous BDNF/NT-4), anti-BDNF or anti-NT-4 change ACh release. Thus, the trkB receptor normally seems to be coupled to ACh release when there is no short-term local effect of neurotrophins at the NMJ. The normal function of the mAChR mechanism is a permissive prerequisite for the trkB pathway to couple to ACh release. Reciprocally, the normal function of trkB modulates M1- and M2-subtype muscarinic pathways.
Finding Support Documents with a Logistic Regression Approach

Entity retrieval finds the relevant results for a user’s information needs at a finer unit called ―entity‖. To retrieve such entity, people usually first locate a small set of support documents which contain answer entities, and then further detect the answer entities in this set. In the literature, people view the support documents as relevant documents, and their findings as a conventional document retrieval problem. In this paper, we will state that finding support documents and that of relevant documents, although sounds similar, have important differences. Further, we propose a logistic regression approach to find support documents. Our experiment results show that the logistic regression method performs significantly better than a baseline system that treat the support document finding as a conventional document retrieval problem.
Flax Fiber Hydrophobic Extract Inhibits Human Skin Cells Inflammation and Causes Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Wound Closure Activation

Inflammation is the basis of many diseases, with chronic wounds amongst them, limiting cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Our previous preclinical study of flax fiber applied as a wound dressing and analysis of its components impact on the fibroblast transcriptome suggested flax fiber hydrophobic extract use as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing preparation. The extract contains cannabidiol (CBD), phytosterols, and unsaturated fatty acids, showing great promise in wound healing. In in vitro proliferation and wound closure tests the extract activated cell migration and proliferation. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases in skin cells was increased, suggesting activation of extracellular components remodeling. The expression of cytokines was diminished by the extract in a cannabidiol-dependent manner, but β-sitosterol can act synergistically with CBD in inflammation inhibition. Extracellular matrix related genes were also analyzed, considering their importance in further stages of wound healing. The extract activated skin cell matrix remodeling, but the changes were only partially cannabidiol- and β-sitosterol-dependent. The possible role of fatty acids also present in the extract is suggested. The study shows the hydrophobic flax fiber components as wound healing activators, with anti-inflammatory cannabidiol acting in synergy with sterols, and migration and proliferation promoting agents, some of which still require experimental identification.
Almost optimal order approximate inverse based preconditioners for 3-d convection dominated problems on tensor-grids

For a one-dimensional diffusion problem on an refined computational grid we present preconditioners based on the standard approximate inverse technique. Next, we determine its spectral condition number κ2 and perform numerical calculations which corroborate the theoretical results. Then we perform numerical calculations which show that the standard approximate inverse preconditioners and our modified versions behave in a similar manner. To finish with we show that a combination of the standard approximate inverse with an additional incomplete factorisation leads to an almost optimal order preconditioner in 1 3 dimensions on refined grids, with and without dominant convection.
Variance and skewness in the FIRST survey

We investigate the large-scale clustering of radio sources by analysing the distribution function of the FIRST 1.4 GHz survey. We select a reliable galaxy sample from the FIRST catalogue, paying particular attention to the definition of single radio sources from the multiple components listed in the FIRST catalogue. We estimate the variance, Psi(2), and skewness, Psi(3), Of the distribution function for the best galaxy subsample, Psi(2) shows power-law behaviour as a function of cell size, with an amplitude corresponding a spatial correlation length of r(0) similar to 10h(-1) Mpc.We detect significant skewness in the distribution, and find that it is related to the variance through the relation Psi(3) = S-3(Psi(2))(alpha) with alpha = 1.9 +/- 0.1 consistent with the non-linear growth of perturbations from primordial Gaussian initial conditions. We show that the amplitude of clustering (corresponding to a spatial correlation length of r(0) similar to 10h(-1) Mpc) and skewness are consistent with realistic models of galaxy clustering.
Inhibition of Thrombopoietin/Mpl Signaling in Adult Hematopoiesis Identifies New Candidates for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance

Thrombopoietin (Thpo) signals via its receptor Mpl and regulates megakaryopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and post-transplant expansion. Mpl expression is tightly controlled and deregulation of Thpo/Mpl-signaling is linked to hematological disorders. Here, we constructed an intracellular-truncated, signaling-deficient Mpl protein which is presented on the cell surface (dnMpl). The transplantation of bone marrow cells retrovirally transduced to express dnMpl into wildtype mice induced thrombocytopenia, and a progressive loss of HSC. The aplastic BM allowed the engraftment of a second BM transplant without further conditioning. Functional analysis of the truncated Mpl in vitro and in vivo demonstrated no internalization after Thpo binding and the inhibition of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in wildtype cells due to dominant-negative (dn) effects by receptor competition with wildtype Mpl for Thpo binding. Intracellular inhibition of Mpl could be excluded as the major mechanism by the use of a constitutive-dimerized dnMpl. To further elucidate the molecular changes induced by Thpo/Mpl-inhibition on the HSC-enriched cell population in the BM, we performed gene expression analysis of Lin-Sca1+cKit+ (LSK) cells isolated from mice transplanted with dnMpl transduced BM cells. The gene expression profile supported the exhaustion of HSC due to increased cell cycle progression and identified new and known downstream effectors of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in HSC (namely TIE2, ESAM1 and EPCR detected on the HSC-enriched LSK cell population). We further compared gene expression profiles in LSK cells of dnMpl mice with human CD34+ cells of aplastic anemia patients and identified similar deregulations of important stemness genes in both cell populations. In summary, we established a novel way of Thpo/Mpl inhibition in the adult mouse and performed in depth analysis of the phenotype including gene expression profiling.
Judicial Dissent under Externalities and Incomplete Information

The issue of the stability and change of legal rules occupies a central place in the discussions of alternative ways of organizing justice and the provision of legal rules. There nonetheless remains a theoretical aspect that has never been raised in the literature on judicial decision making and legal change. Judges that are not bound by precedent and can change the law directly by overruling previous decisions have to make a particular decision about the direction the new precedent will take. We show that under incomplete information about judges’ eagerness to choose according to their ideal points, there are two candidates for the particular legal rule that is to become the new precedent: (i) judge’s private optimum; and (ii) some other legal rule that can differ from (i) and corresponds to the empirical and normative expectations of a large subset of judges within the judicial population. The individual judge that has decided not to stick to the precedent faces therefore a trade-off, he has to choose among alternative legal rules that yield alternative levels of public and private satisfaction of preferences.
A Joint Utility-Lifetime Optimization Algorithm for Cooperative MIMO Sensor Networks

Cooperative MIMO transmission technique is considered as one of the effective solutions to reduce the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. However, the existing cooperative MIMO based protocols only focused on how to reduce the energy consumption, but for some applications such as audio/video surveillance sensor network, a large amount of gathered data (formulated as network utility function) and long network lifetime are both required. In those cases, the two performance parameters should be considered and jointly optimized during the protocol design. In this paper, we first model and analyze the energy consumption and channel capacity of Multi-hop cooperative MIMO transmission. Then, we propose a joint network lifetime and utility optimization model based on NUM (network utility maximization) approach. Finally, we use the dual decomposition technique to solve the primal optimization problem and get a distributed algorithm. Simulation results show that, by using our distributed algorithm, the lifetime and utility of cooperative MIMO sensor network can converge to Pareto optimal trade-off.
Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods

The problem in estimating a social accounting matrix (SAM) for a recent year is to find an efficient and cost-effective way to incorporate and reconcile information from a variety of sources, including data from prior years. Based on information theory, the paper presents a flexible 'cross entropy' (CE) approach to estimating a consistent SAM starting from inconsistent data estimated with error, a common experience in many countries. The method represents an efficient information processing rule-using only and all information available. It allows incorporating errors in variables, inequality constraints, and prior knowledge about any part of the SAM. An example is presented, applying the CE approach to data from Mozambique, using a Monte Carlo approach to compare the CE approach to the standard RAS method and to evaluate the gains in precision from utilizing additional information.
Fragments: putting the self back into the picture

In this chapter, Damian Milton explores the construction of autistic selfhood, and the fragmented sensory appreciation autistic people often have of social life and its effect on notions of selfhood. He describes the use of photography and other visual media as a means to explore personal constructs and the lived experiences of autistic people of all ages. He emphasises the importance of all autistic people having their views heard and appreciated, whether they would like to produce a coherent story regarding their sense of self or whether they prefer a more fragmented or ‘nomadic’ sense of self.
A Markov-Switching Multifractal Inter-Trade Duration Model , with Application to U . S .

We propose and illustrate a Markov-switching multifractal duration (MSMD) model for analysis of inter-trade durations in financial markets. We establish several of its key properties with emphasis on high persistence and long memory. Empirical exploration suggests MSMD’s superiority relative to leading competitors. Acknowledgments: For outstanding guidance we are grateful to the editors (Herman van Dijk and Allan Timmermann) and three referees. For outstanding research assistance we thank Matthew Klein. For financial support we thank the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Wharton Financial Institutions Center, and the Chinese Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST: 2012WQN052). For helpful comments we thank Christian Brownlees, Laurent Calvet, Adlai Fisher, Emily Fox, Giampiero Gallo, Eric Ghysels, Andrew Harvey, Siem Jan Koopman, Aureo de Paula, Kevin Song, and seminar participants at University of Chicago/UIC/CME, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, FGV Rio de Janeiro, Oxford, Penn, and Singapore Management University. All errors are ours alone.
Convective Instabilities of Electrokinetic Flows in a Cross-Shaped Microchannel

Electrokinetic instabilities (EKI) in cross-shaped channels are relevant to injections for field amplified sample stacking, flow intersections in multi-dimensional assay devices, and electrokinetic systems with indeterminate sample chemistry. Electrokinetic instabilities are generated by a coupling of electric fields and ionic conductivity gradients. This coupling results in an electric body force in the bulk liquid that can generate temporal, convective, and absolute flow instabilities. In this work, we perform a parametric experimental study of convective instabilities in cross-shaped microchannels using epifluorescence microscopy and digital imaging. We report coherent flow structures and show that the critical electric field for instability is both a function of center-to-sheath conductivity ratio and applied field ratio. Finally, we quantify the degree of mixing rate of electrokinetically unstable flows with time-average probability density functions of concentration profiles.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Lower bounds to randomized algorithms for graph properties

For any property P on n-vertex graphs, let C(P) be the minimum number of edges that need to be examined by any decision tree algorithm for determining P. In 1975 Rivest and Vuillemin settled the Aanderra-Rosenberg Conjecture, proving that C(P) = Ω(n2) for every nontrivial monotone graph property P. An intriguing open question is whether the theorem remains true when randomized algorithms are allowed. In this paper we report progress on this problem, showing that Ω(n(log n)1/12) edges must be examined by a randomized algorithm for determining any nontrivial monotone graph property.