Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Epidemiology of PTSD

Abstract: Epidemiologic and meta‐analytic studies point to consistent effects of pretrauma factors on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, our understanding of why only some individuals are vulnerable to the adverse effects of traumatic events remains limited. This article argues that a developmentally informed approach to the epidemiology of PTSD is needed to move this understanding forward. However, there are many challenges to such an approach including the historic conceptualization of PTSD as a normative response to traumatic events, the almost exclusive reliance on retrospective self‐report of PTSD risk factors, and the lack of attention to current knowledge of human development in selecting risk factors for epidemiologic studies. The developmental construct of self‐regulation may provide a key mechanism for understanding the effects of pretrauma factors on the vulnerability to PTSD. Pretrauma factors shown to have consistent effect on risk for PTSD in meta‐analytic studies include familial psychopathology, child abuse, and preexisting psychopathology. A preliminary framework integrating these pretrauma factors with self‐regulation as a central mechanism in the etiology of PTSD is presented. The implications of a developmentally informed epidemiologic approach to PTSD for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
HDAC and HDAC Inhibitor: From Cancer to Cardiovascular Diseases

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators that regulate the histone tail, chromatin conformation, protein-DNA interaction, and even transcription. HDACs are also post-transcriptional modifiers that regulate the protein acetylation implicated in several pathophysiologic states. HDAC inhibitors have been highlighted as a novel category of anti-cancer drugs. To date, four HDAC inhibitors, Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat, and Belinostat, have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Principally, these HDAC inhibitors are used for hematologic cancers in clinic with less severe side effects. Clinical trials are continuously expanding to address other types of cancer and also nonmalignant diseases. HDAC inhibition also results in beneficial outcomes in various types of neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will briefly discuss 1) the roles of HDACs in the acquisition of a cancer's phenotype and the general outcome of the HDAC inhibitors in cancer, 2) the functional relevance of HDACs in cardiovascular diseases and the possible therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.
Information technology use and accountants satisfaction - a survey of manufacturing firms

The role of information technology (IT) in the business arena has continuously shifted over the last decades, and it has become an important part of how companies manage and control their resources. During the last years business computing has changed from these basic local data administrative systems into international computer networks, and as the sophistication of the computer systems increased, so did the investment cost. So, traditionally, companies tend to perceive their IT-systems as costs, often due to IT being looked at as a support function. And user satisfaction in IT usage is critical because this construct is often viewed as a surrogate for IT success.
Hippocampal function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Background The hippocampus plays a central role in memory formation. There is considerable evidence of abnormalities in hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia, which may differentiate it from bipolar disorder. However, no previous studies have compared hippocampal activation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder directly. Method Fifteen patients with schizophrenia, 14 patients with bipolar disorder and 14 healthy comparison subjects took part in the study. Subjects performed a face–name pair memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity were determined during encoding and retrieval of the face–name pairs. Results The patient groups showed significant differences in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during face–name pair learning. During encoding, patients with schizophrenia showed decreased anterior hippocampal activation relative to subjects with bipolar disorder, whereas patients with bipolar disorder showed decreased dorsal PFC activation relative to patients with schizophrenia. During retrieval, patients with schizophrenia showed greater activation of the dorsal PFC than patients with bipolar disorder. Patients with schizophrenia also differed from healthy control subjects in the activation of several brain regions, showing impaired superior temporal cortex activation during encoding and greater dorsal PFC activation during retrieval. These effects were evident despite matched task performance. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia showed deficits in hippocampal activation during a memory task relative to patients with bipolar disorder. The disorders were further distinguished by differences in PFC activation. The results demonstrate that these disorders can distinguished at a group level using non-invasive neuroimaging.
Reduction in tonal discriminations predicts receptive emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia patients show decreased ability to identify emotion based upon tone of voice (voice emotion recognition), along with deficits in basic auditory processing. Interrelationship among these measures is poorly understood. METHODS Forty-one patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 41 controls were asked to identify the emotional valence (happy, sad, angry, fear, or neutral) of 38 synthesized frequency-modulated (FM) tones designed to mimic key acoustic features of human vocal expressions. The mean (F0M) and variability (F0SD) of fundamental frequency (pitch) and absence or presence of high frequency energy (HF500) of the tones were independently manipulated to assess contributions on emotion identification. Forty patients and 39 controls also completed tone-matching and voice emotion recognition tasks. RESULTS Both groups showed a nonrandom response pattern (P < .0001). Stimuli with highest and lowest F0M/F0SD were preferentially identified as happy and sad, respectively. Stimuli with low F0M and midrange F0SD values were identified as angry. Addition of HF500 increased rates of angry and decreased rates of sad identifications. Patients showed less differentiation of response across frequency changes, leading to a highly significant between-group difference in response pattern to maximally identifiable stimuli (d = 1.4). The differential identification pattern for FM tones correlated with deficits in basic tone-matching ability (P = .01), voice emotion recognition (P < .001), and negative symptoms (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Specific FM tones conveyed reliable emotional percepts in both patients and controls and correlated highly with deficits in ability to recognize information based upon tone of voice, suggesting significant bottom-up contributions to social cognition and negative symptom impairments in schizophrenia.
A stochastic multipath channel model including path directions for indoor environments

A novel stochastic channel model for the indoor propagation channel is presented. It is especially for, but not limited to future communication systems with multiple antennas like space division multiple access (SDMA), spatial filtering for interference reduction (SFIR), or multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO). The model is designed for indoor scenarios, straight forward extendable to urban environments. It is based on physical wave propagation. The new approach describes the channel by multipath components, each characterized by its transfer matrix (including loss), delay, direction of arrival, and departure. The appearance and disappearance of multipath components over time is modeled as a birth and death process, a marked Poisson process. This enables first-time the correct modeling of spatial and temporal correlations. In each modeling step, path properties change according to the motion of transmitter and receiver. The changing delay times of propagation paths yield a realistic Doppler behavior of the channel. Deterministic ray tracing results are used to produce the huge data sets required for the statistical evaluation of the parameters of the proposed model. This method enables an automated parameter extraction for new environments or frequencies. The ray tracing tool has been verified by narrowband, wideband, and directional channel measurements. The novel stochastic spatial channel model allows the simulation of third-generation broadband radio systems including arbitrary antenna configurations and patterns. System simulations for the bit-error rate of radio links can be performed including intelligent antenna configurations like SDMA, SFIR, or MIMO. Furthermore, the capacity of complete systems can be investigated.
Domestication of the Dog from the Wolf Was Promoted by Enhanced Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity: A Hypothesis

Dogs shared a much closer relationship with humans than any other domesticated animals, probably due to their unique social cognitive capabilities, which were hypothesized to be a by-product of selection for tameness toward humans. Here, we demonstrate that genes involved in glutamate metabolism, which account partially for fear response, indeed show the greatest population differentiation by whole-genome comparison of dogs and wolves. However, the changing direction of their expression supports a role in increasing excitatory synaptic plasticity in dogs rather than reducing fear response. Because synaptic plasticity are widely believed to be cellular correlates of learning and memory, this change may alter the learning and memory abilities of ancient scavenging wolves, weaken the fear reaction toward humans, and prompt the initial interspecific contact.
Tunneling spectroscopy studies of treated aluminum oxide tunnel barrier layers

We report scanning tunneling microscopy and ballistic electron emission microscopy studies of the electronic states of the uncovered and chemisorbed-oxygen covered surface of AlOx tunnel barrier layers. These states change when chemisorbed oxygen ions are moved into the oxide by either flood gun electron bombardment or by thermal annealing. While untreated samples exhibit band tails extending to zero bias, the former, if sufficiently energetic, results in locally well defined conduction band onsets at ∼1V, while the latter results in a progressively higher local conduction band onset, exceeding 2.3 V for 500 and 600 °C thermal anneals.
Improving arabic text categorization using decision trees

This paper presents the results of classifying Arabic text documents using a decision tree algorithm. Experiments are performed over two self collected data corpus and the results show that the suggested hybrid approach of Document Frequency Thresholding using an embedded information gain criterion of the decision tree algorithm is the preferable feature selection criterion. The study concluded that the effectiveness of the improved classifier is very good and gives generalization accuracy about 0.93 for the scientific corpus and 0.91 for the literary corpus and we also conclude that the effectiveness of the decision tree classifier was increased as we increase the training size, and the nature of the corpus has such a influence on the classifier performance.
PID+ backstepping control of relative spacecraft attitude

Abstract In this paper we present a PID+ backstepping controller, as a solution to the problem of coordinated attitude control in spacecraft formations. The control scheme is based on quaternions and modified Rodrigues parameters as attitude representation of the relative attitude error. Utilizing the invertibility of the modified Rodrigues parameter kinematic differential equation, a globally exponentially stable control law for the relative attitude error dynamics is obtained through the use of integrator augmentation and backstepping. Finally, simulation results are presented to show controller performance.
Combined Volumetric and Surface Registration

In this paper, we propose a novel method for the registration of volumetric images of the brain that optimizes the alignment of both cortical and subcortical structures. In order to achieve this, relevant geometrical information is extracted from a surface-based morph and diffused into the volume using the Navier operator of elasticity, resulting in a volumetric warp that aligns cortical folding patterns. This warp field is then refined with an intensity driven optical flow procedure that registers noncortical regions, while preserving the cortical alignment. The result is a combined surface and volume morph (CVS) that accurately registers both cortical and subcortical regions, establishing a single coordinate system suitable for the entire brain.
The Impact of Semantically Related Links on Retrieval

Link-based ranking algorithms are based on the often implicit assumption that linked documents are semantically related to each other, and that link information is therefore useful for retrieval. The main aim of this paper is to test this underlying assumption on why link evidence works. We observe that links between semantically related pages are more effective for ad hoc retrieval than links between unrelated ones. These findings shed further light on our understanding of the nature of link evidence. This paper is a compressed version of [3].
Improving Performance of Wireless Mesh Networks with Network Coding

In Wireless Mesh Networks, various mechanisms are used to enhance the performance of the network. Network Coding (NC) is a novel approach for enhancing the network performance as it can significantly increases the network capacity through broadcasting encoded packets while maintaining the desired Quality of Service. The effects of NC can be even better exploited with appropriate support of NC-aware routing algorithms. In this paper, we present implemented NC algorithms, routing supported algorithms for NC, and custom designed NC simulation model that allows in depth study of procedure effects, evaluation and comparison, eventually leading into better understanding of the problem challenges and its improvements. The results show that networks with NC included can handle up to two times more traffic than existing networks where NC is not used.
Fault-Tolerant Routing for P2P System with Structured Topology

Fault-tolerant routing in existing P2P technologies is still not ideally solved. A new P2P routing algorithm FT-p2p is proposed, which is mainly used to optimize the fault-tolerant routing. The algorithm is based on directed graph and division of P2P network into two layers. The maintenance of routing information and network stability mostly depends on high-performance peers. When low-performance peers encounter difficulties, they may obtain routing-information service or data-relay service from high-performance peers. Experimental results indicate that FT-p2p algorithm is superior to Chord, Tapestry and Koodre algorithm in fault-tolerant routing.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents

Background—The metabolic syndrome predicts future coronary artery disease and type II diabetes and often emerges in childhood. Tobacco smoke potentially contributes to insulin resistance in this syndrome. This study evaluates the association of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and active smoking with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in US adolescents. Methods and Results—Data from 2273 subjects 12 to 19 years of age were examined from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III, 1988 to 1994). Serum cotinine levels, presence of household smokers, and self-report of smoking were used to determine ETS exposure and active smoking. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having ≥3 criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Panel definition. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted. Among adolescents, 5.6% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, and prevalence increased with tobacco exposure: 1.2% for nonexposed, 5.4% for those exposed to ETS, and 8.7% for active smokers (P<0.001). In adolescents at risk for overweight and overweight adolescents (body mass index above the 85th percentile), a similar relationship was observed: 5.6% for nonexposed, 19.6% for those exposed to ETS, and 23.6% for active smokers (P=0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analyses among all adolescents, ETS exposure was independently associated with the metabolic syndrome (ETS exposure: odds ratio, 4.7, 95% CI, 1.7 to 12.9; active smoking: odds ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.8 to 13.4). Conclusions—Considering that tobacco and obesity are the 2 leading causes of preventable death in the United States, these findings of a dose-response, cotinine-confirmed relationship between tobacco smoke and metabolic syndrome among adolescents may have profound implications for the future health of the public.
Bone Formation and Resorption Are Both Increased in Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis

Introduction Arthritic bone loss in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is the result of a combination of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. This process is not completely understood, and especially the importance of local inflammation needs further investigation. We evaluated how bone formation and bone resorption are altered in experimental autoimmune arthritis. Methods Twenty-one female SKG mice were randomized to either an arthritis group or a control group. Tetracycline was used to identify mineralizing surfaces. After six weeks the right hind paws were embedded undecalcified in methylmethacrylate. The paws were cut exhaustively according to the principles of vertical sectioning and systematic sampling. 3D design-based methods were used to estimate the total number of osteoclasts, mineralizing surfaces, eroded surfaces, and osteoclast-covered bone surfaces. In addition the presence of adjacent inflammation was ascertained. Results The total number of osteoclasts, mineralizing surfaces, eroded surfaces, and osteoclast covered surfaces were elevated in arthritic paws compared to normal paws. Mineralizing surfaces were elevated adjacent to as well as not adjacent to inflammation in arthritic mice compared to normal mice. In arthritic mice, eroded surfaces and osteoclast covered surfaces were larger on bone surfaces adjacent to inflammation than on bone surfaces without adjacent inflammation. However, we found no difference between mineralizing surfaces at bone surfaces with or without inflammation in arthritic mice. Conclusions Inflammation induced an increase in resorptive bone surfaces as well as formative bone surfaces. The bone formative response may be more general, since formative bone surfaces were also increased when not associated with inflammation. Thus, the bone loss may be the result of a substantial local bone resorption, which cannot be compensated by the increased local bone formation. These findings may be valuable for the development of new osteoblast targeting drugs in RA.
At your service: using butlers as a model to overcome the mobile attention deficit

Advances in mobile phones and cellular network capabilities have enabled many opportunities for information access on the move. These capabilities provide instant access for the mobile user, but have exacerbated the problem of interaction in a mobile context. Mobile users are often engaged in another task that makes it difficult for them to filter and interact with their mobile device at the same time. Mobile multitasking creates an attention deficit for the user. This paper proposes using butlers as a model to overcome this problem by offloading the burden of interaction from the user to the device. We describe how a suite of butlers can opportunistically and proactively offer information to the user in the moment, allowing mobile users to stay focused on their task at hand.
Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–polyethylene glycol–polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugate improves liver-cell aggregation and function in 3-D spheroid culture

The polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, a type of macromolecule material, has been used in spheroidal cell culture and drug delivery in recent years. However, PAMAM is not involved in the study of hepatic cell-spheroid culture or its biological activity, particularly in detoxification function. Here, we constructed a PAMAM-dendrimer conjugate decorated by an integrin ligand: arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide. Our studies demonstrate that RGD–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–PAMAM conjugates can promote singly floating hepatic cells to aggregate together in a sphere-like growth with a weak reactive oxygen species. Moreover, RGD-PEG-PAMAM conjugates can activate the AKT–MAPK pathway in hepatic cells to promote cell proliferation and improve basic function and ammonia metabolism. Together, our data support the hepatocyte sphere treated by RGD-PEG-PAMAM conjugates as a potential source of hepatic cells for a biological artificial liver system.
An improved & optimized layer assignment partitioning algorithm: For upcoming 3D VLSI shrinking technologies

The advancement of technology has led to an exceptional demand for high speed VLSI architectures having huge structures and high complexity. System partitioning provides an easy approach to recursively split the whole system into small sub-systems called blocks. With the enormous increase of system complexity in the past and further advancement of microelectronic system design, partitioning has become a central and sometimes critical design task. With the shrinking technology, interconnect dominates the chip performance and to reduce the number of interconnections between blocks is the biggest challenge for a designer. The 3D technology seems to significantly aid the reduction of wire length and also dealing with the issues like delay, power dissipation and signal integrity etc. In this work, an improved solution for layer assignment problem has been proposed utilizing the concept of adjacency matrix of a graph. It optimizes and reduces the complexity of already existing algorithm based on the concept of adjacency matrix of a graph. The final results prove the efficiency of the proposed method over existing works.
Buying, Bidding, Playing, or Competing? Value Assessment and Decision Dynamics in Online Auctions

We propose an analytical framework for studying bidding behavior in online auctions. The framework focuses on three key dimensions: the multi-stage process, the types of value-signals employed at each phase, and the dynamics of bidding behavior whereby early choices impact subsequent bidding decisions. We outline a series of propositions relating to the auction entry decision, bidding decisions during the auction, and bidding behavior at the end of an auction. In addition, we present the results of three preliminary field studies that investigate factors that influence consumers’value assessments and bidding decisions. In particular, (a) due to a focus on the narrow auction context, consumers under-search and, consequently, overpay for widely available commodities (CDs, DVDs) and (b) auction starting prices lead to higher winning bids, but only when comparable items are not available in the immediate context. We discuss the implications of this research with respect to our understanding of the key determinants of consumer behavior in this increasingly important arena of purchase decisions.