Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of depressed cranial fractures.

INDICATIONS Patients with open (compound) cranial fractures depressed greater than the thickness of the cranium should undergo operative intervention to prevent infection. Patients with open (compound) depressed cranial fractures may be treated nonoperatively if there is no clinical or radiographic evidence of dural penetration, significant intracranial hematoma, depression greater than 1 cm, frontal sinus involvement, gross cosmetic deformity, wound infection, pneumocephalus, or gross wound contamination. Nonoperative management of closed (simple) depressed cranial fractures is a treatment option. TIMING Early operation is recommended to reduce the incidence of infection. METHODS Elevation and debridement is recommended as the surgical method of choice. Primary bone fragment replacement is a surgical option in the absence of wound infection at the time of surgery. All management strategies for open (compound) depressed fractures should include antibiotics.
Human Glial-Restricted Progenitor Transplantation into Cervical Spinal Cord of the SOD1G93A Mouse Model of ALS

Cellular abnormalities are not limited to motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There are numerous observations of astrocyte dysfunction in both humans with ALS and in SOD1G93A rodents, a widely studied ALS model. The present study therapeutically targeted astrocyte replacement in this model via transplantation of human Glial-Restricted Progenitors (hGRPs), lineage-restricted progenitors derived from human fetal neural tissue. Our previous findings demonstrated that transplantation of rodent-derived GRPs into cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter (in order to target therapy to diaphragmatic function) resulted in therapeutic efficacy in the SOD1G93A rat. Those findings demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of transplantation-based astrocyte replacement for ALS, and also show that targeted multi-segmental cell delivery to cervical spinal cord is a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly because of its relevance to addressing respiratory compromise associated with ALS. The present study investigated the safety and in vivo survival, distribution, differentiation, and potential efficacy of hGRPs in the SOD1G93A mouse. hGRP transplants robustly survived and migrated in both gray and white matter and differentiated into astrocytes in SOD1G93A mice spinal cord, despite ongoing disease progression. However, cervical spinal cord transplants did not result in motor neuron protection or any therapeutic benefits on functional outcome measures. This study provides an in vivo characterization of this glial progenitor cell and provides a foundation for understanding their capacity for survival, integration within host tissues, differentiation into glial subtypes, migration, and lack of toxicity or tumor formation.
Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli harboring variant Shiga toxin genes from seafood

Background and Aim: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important pathogens of global significance. STEC are responsible for numerous food-borne outbreaks worldwide and their presence in food is a potential health hazard. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of STEC in fresh seafood in Mumbai, India, and to characterize STEC with respect to their virulence determinants. Materials and Methods: A total of 368 E. coli were isolated from 39 fresh seafood samples (18 finfish and 21 shellfish) using culture-based methods. The isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the genes commonly associated with STEC. The variant Shiga toxin genes were confirmed by Southern blotting and hybridization followed by DNA sequencing. Results: One or more Shiga toxins genes were detected in 61 isolates. Of 39 samples analyzed, 10 (25.64%) samples harbored STEC. Other virulence genes, namely, eaeA (coding for an intimin) and hlyA (hemolysin A) were detected in 43 and 15 seafood isolates, respectively. The variant stx1 genes from 6 isolates were sequenced, five of which were found to be stx1d variants, while one sequence varied considerably from known stx1 sequences. Southern hybridization and DNA sequence analysis suggested putative Shiga toxin variant genes (stx2) in at least 3 other isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the occurrence of STEC in seafood harboring one or more Shiga toxin genes. The detection of STEC by PCR may be hampered due to the presence of variant genes such as the stx1d in STEC. This is the first report of stx1d gene in STEC isolated from Indian seafood.
History and evolution of influenza control through vaccination: from the first monovalent vaccine to universal vaccines

Summary Influenza is a highly infectious airborne disease with an important epidemiological and societal burden; annual epidemics and pandemics have occurred since ancient times, causing tens of millions of deaths. A hundred years after this virus was first isolated, influenza vaccines are an important influenza prevention strategy and the preparations used display good safety and tolerability profiles. Innovative tools, such as recombinant technologies and intra-dermal devices, are currently being investigated in order to improve the immunological response. The recurring mutations of influenza strains has prompted the recent introduction of a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine. In the near future, scientific research will strive to produce a long-lasting universal vaccine containing an antigen that will offer protection against all influenza virus strains.
Dwarfism and Low Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Due to Dopamine Depletion in Pts–/– Mice Rescued by Feeding Neurotransmitter Precursors and H4-biopterin*

The tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor is essential for the biosynthesis of catecholamines and serotonin and for nitric-oxide synthase (NOS). Alterations in BH4 metabolism are observed in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, and mutations in one of the human metabolic genes causes hyperphenylalaninemia and/or monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency. We report on a knockout mouse for the Pts gene, which codes for a BH4-biosynthetic enzyme. Homozygous Pts–/– mice developed with normal morphology but died after birth. Upon daily oral administration of BH4 and neurotransmitter precursors the Pts–/– mice eventually survived. However, at sexual maturity (6 weeks) the mice had only one-third of the normal body weight and were sexually immature. Biochemical analysis revealed no hyperphenylalaninemia, normal brain NOS activity, and almost normal serotonin levels, but brain dopamine was 3% of normal. Low dopamine leads to impaired food consumption as reflected by the severe growth deficiency and a 7-fold reduced serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This is the first link shown between 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase- or BH4-biosynthetic activity and IGF-1.
Identifying kinase dependency in cancer cells by integrating high-throughput drug screening and kinase inhibition data

MOTIVATION Targeted kinase inhibitors have dramatically improved cancer treatment, but kinase dependency for an individual patient or cancer cell can be challenging to predict. Kinase dependency does not always correspond with gene expression and mutation status. High-throughput drug screens are powerful tools for determining kinase dependency, but drug polypharmacology can make results difficult to interpret. RESULTS We developed Kinase Addiction Ranker (KAR), an algorithm that integrates high-throughput drug screening data, comprehensive kinase inhibition data and gene expression profiles to identify kinase dependency in cancer cells. We applied KAR to predict kinase dependency of 21 lung cancer cell lines and 151 leukemia patient samples using published datasets. We experimentally validated KAR predictions of FGFR and MTOR dependence in lung cancer cell line H1581, showing synergistic reduction in proliferation after combining ponatinib and AZD8055. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION KAR can be downloaded as a Python function or a MATLAB script along with example inputs and outputs at: http://tanlab.ucdenver.edu/KAR/. CONTACT aikchoon.tan@ucdenver.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Polynesian Motif on the Y Chromosome: Population Structure in Remote Oceania

ABSTRACT The Polynesian motif, a mitochondrial DNA marker of ancestral Polynesian communities, has filled a critical role in reconstructions of remote Oceanic history. Although the motif provides an effective narrative for Polynesian females, no equivalent male history is available from paternal lineages. Here, we describe a Y-chromosome binary polymorphism with absolute Polynesian affinity. We illustrate its unique spatial and temporal connections to early Polynesian communities, and through an analysis of associated short tandem repeat variation, we describe the first clear genealogic structure within Polynesia. Unlike the eastern and western regions advocated by archeology, we identify a tripartite structure comprising interaction spheres in the west (Tonga and Samoa), center (Tahiti), and east (Rapanui/Easter Island). Such patterning, a product of early regional contact and subsequent isolation, signals the conflicting roles of mobility and seclusion in Polynesian prehistory.
Response of endothelial cells to decellularized extracellular matrix deposited by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the behavior and function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS Prepared through chemical approach, decellularized ECM was characterized by use of immunofluorescence staining. The morphology, attachment, proliferation and migration of HUVECs cultured on six-well tissue culture plastic (TCP) and decellularized ECM were investigated. RESULTS Decellularized ECM was successfully prepared without three-dimensional architecture disruption. This biological scaffold is similar to nature vascular ECM, preserved various matrix proteins such as type I collagen, type III collagen and fibronection. HUVECs on decellularized ECM showed well attachment and regular arrangement. Decellularized ECM could also significantly enhance the migration and proliferation potential of HUVECs in contrast to TCP. CONCLUSION Deposited by BMSCs, ECM can affect the behavior of endothelial cell and could be used as a promising material in tissue engineering.
Angioplasty, Stenting and Other Potential Treatments of Atherosclerotic Stenosis of the Intracranial Arteries: Past, Present and Future

Although there is an intuitive appeal to treat symptomatic stenotic intracranial arteries with endovascular therapies such as angioplasty and stenting, current data from randomized trials show intensive medical therapy is far superior for preventing stroke. This is in large part due to the high risk of peri-procedural stroke from angioplasty and stenting. If angioplasty and stenting is to emerge as a proven treatment for intracranial stenosis, endovascular techniques will need to become much safer, identification of patients with intracranial stenosis who are at particularly high risk of stroke despite intensive medical therapy will need to be targeted, and well-designed randomized trials will be necessary to show endovascular therapy is superior to medical therapy in these high-risk patients.
INVESTIGATION ON THE FRACTAL DIMENSION OF PEARLITE SPHEROIDIZATION

Pearlite spheroidization is irregular changing of metallographical image and has the features of fractal, so it can be described by technique of fractal. This paper investigated the characterization on degree of pearlite spheroidization by fractal dimensional taking Cr Mo steel as an example and measured pearlite spheroidization photographs of 15CrMo steel by small island means. Tests indicated that the range of fractal dimensional corresponded to 1～6 grade pearlite spheroidization is between 1.3156～1.9282. Moreover, the grade of pearlite spheroidization was measured for the samples taken from 15CrMo tube run for 10 5 hours in power plant. Results showed that the grade of pearlite spheroidization gained based on fractal dimensional and pearlite spheroidization photographs are consistent.
HIV-1 disease progression in immune-competent HIV-1-infected and breastfeeding mothers participating in the ANRS 12174 clinical trial in Burkina Faso, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia: a cohort study

Objective We have assessed HIV-1 disease progression among HIV-1-positive mothers in relation to duration of any or exclusive breast feeding in the context of ANRS 12174 trial. Methods The analysis was completed on 203, 212, 272 and 529 HIV-1-positive and lactating mothers with CD4 count >350 cells/µL from Burkina Faso, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia, respectively. The trial compared lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir as a peri-exposure prophylaxis during a 50-week follow-up time. A multiple logistic regression model was run with the mothers’ weight, CD4 count and HIV-1 viral load as separate dependent variables, then combined into a dependent composite endpoint called HIV-1 disease progression where HIV-1 viral load was replaced by the HIV-1 clinical stage. Exclusive or predominant breast feeding (EPBF) and any breastfeeding duration were the key explanatory variables. Results In the adjusted model, the associations between EPBF duration and weight change, CD4 cell count and the HIV-1 viral load were consistently insignificant. The CD4 cell count was associated with a significantly higher mothers’ body mass index (BMI; a mean increase of 4.9 (95% CI 2.1 to 7.7) CD4 cells/µL per each additional kilogram per square metre of BMI) and haemoglobin concentration (19.4 (95% CI 11.4 to 27.4) CD4 cells/µL per each additional gram per decilitre of haemoglobin concentration). There was no significant association between EPBF duration and HIV-1 disease progression. A higher education level was a factor associated with a slower HIV-1 disease progression. Conclusion Breast feeding was not a risk factor for a faster progression of HIV-1 disease in mothers of this cohort with a baseline CD4 cell count >350 cells/µL. Trial registration number NCT0064026; Post-results.
Collaboratively Patching Linked Data

Today's Web of Data is noisy. Linked Data often needs extensive preprocessing to enable efficient use of heterogeneous resources. While consistent and valid data provides the key to efficient data processing and aggregation we are facing two main challenges: (1st) Identification of erroneous facts and tracking their origins in dynamically connected datasets is a difficult task, and (2nd) efforts in the curation of deficient facts in Linked Data are exchanged rather rarely. Since erroneous data often is duplicated and (re-)distributed by mashup applications it is not only the responsibility of a few original publishers to keep their data tidy, but progresses to be a mission for all distributers and consumers of Linked Data too. We present a new approach to expose and to reuse patches on erroneous data to enhance and to add quality information to the Web of Data. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by example of a collaborative game that patches statements in DBpedia data and provides notifications for relevant changes.
An Efficient Perception-based Adaptive Color to Gray Transformation

The visualization of color images in gray scale has high practical and theoretical importance. Neither the existing local, gradient based methods, nor the fast global techniques give a satisfying result. We present a new color to grayscale transformation, based on the experimental background of the Coloroid system observations. We regard the color and luminance contrasts as a gradient field and we introduce a new simple, yet very efficient method to solve the inconsistency of the field. Having a consistent gradient field, we obtain the resultant image via fast direct integration. The complexity of the method is linear in the number of pixels, making it fast and suitable for high resolution images.
The N-Terminal Domain of the Flo1 Flocculation Protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Binds Specifically to Mannose Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells possess a remarkable capacity to adhere to other yeast cells, which is called flocculation. Flocculation is defined as the phenomenon wherein yeast cells adhere in clumps and sediment rapidly from the medium in which they are suspended. These cell-cell interactions are mediated by a class of specific cell wall proteins, called flocculins, that stick out of the cell walls of flocculent cells. The N-terminal part of the three-domain protein is responsible for carbohydrate binding. We studied the N-terminal domain of the Flo1 protein (N-Flo1p), which is the most important flocculin responsible for flocculation of yeast cells. It was shown that this domain is both O and N glycosylated and is structurally composed mainly of β-sheets. The binding of N-Flo1p to d-mannose, α-methyl-d-mannoside, various dimannoses, and mannan confirmed that the N-terminal domain of Flo1p is indeed responsible for the sugar-binding activity of the protein. Moreover, fluorescence spectroscopy data suggest that N-Flo1p contains two mannose carbohydrate binding sites with different affinities. The carbohydrate dissociation constants show that the affinity of N-Flo1p for mono- and dimannoses is in the millimolar range for the binding site with low affinity and in the micromolar range for the binding site with high affinity. The high-affinity binding site has a higher affinity for low-molecular-weight (low-MW) mannose carbohydrates and no affinity for mannan. However, mannan as well as low-MW mannose carbohydrates can bind to the low-affinity binding site. These results extend the cellular flocculation model on the molecular level.
What is the Prognostic Significance of Ki-67 Positivity in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

BACKGROUD: Numerous studies have stated that Ki-67 is a good prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, some researchers believe the contrary. To address this controversy, we performed a systematic literature retrieval to estimate the prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression in patients with OSCC. METHODS: Databases covering Pubmed, Ovid, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched regardless of publication year. Overall survival (OS), local recurrence (LR) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the main outcome measures. Relative risks (RRs) and its 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven articles with 2146 patients were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that the pooled RRs and its CIs for OS, LR, and DFS were 1.45 (1.15 - 1.84), 1.76 (0.74 - 4.16) and 1.52 (1.07 - 2.14), respectively. However, the heterogeneities of OS and LR were obvious (I-squared (OS) = 59.4%, I-squared (LR) = 72.6%). After subgroup analysis based on systemic treatment, the cut-off value of Ki-67 expression, ethnicity and types of antibody, the heterogeneities became acceptable. It was observed that systemic treatment, cut-off values of Ki-67 expression, ethnicity and the types of antibody affected the results. The statistical analyses of subgroups suggested that non-systemic treatment, (OR=1.77, 95% CI = 1.39-2.25, p = 0.000) and Asian populations (OR=2.09, 95% CI = 1.32-3.32, p = 0.002) are high risks for Ki-67 high expression, and low cut-off value of Ki-67 expression (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.001-2.072), MIB-1 antibody (OR = 1.48, OR 95% = 1.10-1.99) might affect the identification of results. CONCLUSIONS: According to this meta-analysis, high Ki-67 expression might be a negative prognostic marker of patients with OSCC, especially in Asian populations. In addition, Ki-67 expression affects the treatment response.
Appraisal, Coping, and Social Support as Predictors of Psychological Distress and Parenting Efficacy in Parents of Premature Infants

This study examined the relation among how parents appraised the premature birth of their infant, their coping strategies, social support, and psychological well-being and parental efficacy pre- and post discharge of their low-risk premature infant from the hospital. Twenty-five couples completed a survey immediately prior to the discharge of their infant and approximately 3 months later. The strongest relations were among appraisal and both psychological distress and parental efficacy, with post-discharge psychological distress and parental efficacy related most strongly to appraising the situation as challenging with potential for growth pre-discharge. The results suggest that identifying the way parents appraise the situation may be useful for identifying at-risk families and informing interventions to assist families experiencing difficulties.
Code Combination for Blind Channel Estimation in General MIMO-STBC Systems

The problem of blind channel estimation under space-time block coded (STBC) transmissions is addressed. Firstly, a blind channel estimation criterion that generalizes previous works is proposed. The technique is solely based on second-order statistics (SOS) and if the channel is identifiable, the estimate is obtained as the main eigenvector of a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEV). Secondly, a new transmission technique is proposed to solve the indeterminacies associated to the blind channel estimation problem. The technique is based on the combination of different STBCs, and it can be reduced to a nonredundant precoding consisting in the rotation or permutation of the transmit antennas. Unlike other previous approaches, the proposed technique does not imply a penalty in the transmission rate or capacity of the STBC system, while it is able to avoid the ambiguities in many practical cases, which is illustrated by means of some simulation examples.
Semantic Annotation and Information Visualization for Blogposts with refer

The growing amount of documents in archives and blogs results in an increasing challenge for curators and authors to tag, present, and recommend their content to the user. refer comprises a set of powerful tools focusing on Named Entity Linking (NEL) which help authors and curators to semi-automatically analyze a platform’s textual content and semantically annotate it based on Linked Open Data. In refer automated NEL is complemented by manual semantic annotation supported by sophisticated autosuggestion of candidate entities, implemented as publicly available Wordpress plugin. In addition, refer visualizes the semantically enriched documents in a novel navigation interface for improved exploration of the entire content across the platform. The efficiency of the presented approach is supported by a qualitative evaluation of the user interfaces.