Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spirit Mars Rover Mission to the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission overview and selected results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate

This paper summarizes the Spirit rover operations in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater from sols 513 to 1476 and provides an overview of selected findings that focus on synergistic use of the Athena Payload and comparisons to orbital data. Results include discovery of outcrops (Voltaire) on Husband Hill that are interpreted to be altered impact melt deposits that incorporated local materials during emplacement. Evidence for extensive volcanic activity and aqueous alteration in the Inner Basin is also detailed, including discovery and characterization of accretionary lapilli and formation of sulfate, silica, and hematite-rich deposits. Use of Spirit's data to understand the range of spectral signatures observed over the Columbia Hills by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) hyperspectral imager (0.4–4 μm) is summarized. We show that CRISM spectra are controlled by the proportion of ferric-rich dust to ferrous-bearing igneous minerals exposed in ripples and other wind-blown deposits. The evidence for aqueous alteration derived from Spirit's data is associated with outcrops that are too small to be detected from orbital observations or with materials exposed from the shallow subsurface during rover activities. Although orbital observations show many other locations on Mars with evidence for minerals formed or altered in an aqueous environment, Spirit's data imply that the older crust of Mars has been altered even more extensively than evident from orbital data. This result greatly increases the potential that the surface or shallow subsurface was once a habitable regime.
MeioBase: a comprehensive database for meiosis

Meiosis is a special type of cell division process necessary for the sexual reproduction of all eukaryotes. The ever expanding meiosis research calls for an effective and specialized database that is not readily available yet. To fill this gap, we have developed a knowledge database MeioBase (http://meiosis.ibcas.ac.cn), which is comprised of two core parts, Resources and Tools. In the Resources part, a wealth of meiosis data collected by curation and manual review from published literatures and biological databases are integrated and organized into various sections, such as Cytology, Pathway, Species, Interaction, and Expression. In the Tools part, some useful tools have been integrated into MeioBase, such as Search, Download, Blast, Comparison, My Favorites, Submission, and Advice. With a simplified and efficient web interface, users are able to search against the database with gene model IDs or keywords, and batch download the data for local investigation. We believe that MeioBase can greatly facilitate the researches related to meiosis.
A new algorithm for stand table projection models.

The constrained least squares method is proposed as an algorithm for projecting stand tables through time. This method consists of t hree steps: (1) predict survival in each diameter class, (2) predict diameter growth, and (3) use the least squares approach to adjust the stand table to satisfy the constraints of future survival, average diameter and stand basal area. The new method was evaluated against the Weibull parameter-recovery approach and another stand table projection method, using data from direct-seeded stands of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.). The constrained least squares method provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics (K -S, × 2 , and an error index) that were significantly different from those produced by the other two methods. This new algorithm can be employed in cases where diameter data do not necessarily follow the Weibull distribution. For. Sci. 45(4):506-511.
Towards a Systematic Analysis of Privacy Definitions

In statistical privacy, a privacy definition is regarded as a set of algorithms that are allowed to process sensitive data. It is often helpful to consider the complementary view that privacy definitions are also contracts that guide the behavior of algorithms that take in sensitive data and produce sanitized data. Historically, data privacy breaches have been the result of fundamental misunderstandings about what a particular privacy definition guarantees. Privacy definitions are often analyzed using a highly targeted approach: a specific attack strategy is evaluated to determine if a specific type of information can be inferred. If the attack works, one can conclude that the privacy definition is too weak. If it doesn't work, one often gains little information about its security (perhaps a slightly different attack would have worked? ). Furthermore, these strategies will not identify cases where a privacy definition protects unnecessary pieces of information. On the other hand, technical results concerning generalizable and systematic analyses of privacy are few in number, but such results have significantly advanced our understanding of the design of privacy definitions. We add to this literature with a novel methodology for analyzing the Bayesian properties of a privacy definition. Its goal is to identify precisely the type of information being protected, hence making it easier to identify (and later remove) unnecessary data protections. Using privacy building blocks (which we refer to as axioms), we turn questions about semantics into mathematical problems -- the construction of a consistent normal form and the subsequent construction of the row cone (which is a geometric object that encapsulates Bayesian guarantees provided by a privacy definition). We apply these ideas to study randomized response, FRAPP/PRAM, and several algorithms that add integer-valued noise to their inputs; we show that their privacy properties can be stated in terms of the protection of various notions of parity of a dataset. Randomized response, in particular, provides unnecessarily strong protections for parity, and so we also show how our methodology can be used to relax privacy definitions.
Naija boy remix: Afroexploitation and the new media creative economies of cosmopolitan African youth

This article examines how young African cultural entrepreneurs harness the economic, technological and creative openings created by globalization with a focus on the Naija Boyz, two Nigerian-born, US-based brothers, who became YouTube sensations via their ‘African Remix’ genre of hip hop video parodies. With over 20 million views, the videos are situated within four converging movements within contemporary African youth cultural production: the maturation of African hip hop; the specific resurgence of Nigeria as a cultural hub driven by Nollywood and the local hip hop scene; the circulation of new media technologies; and, the formation of an increasingly cosmopolitan, tech-savvy generation of African youth. Using the Naija Boyz’ images and lyrics, the YouTube videos are analyzed as critical commentaries of (black) American and African cultural scripts, which interrogate issues of gender, class, citizenship, and inter-/intra-diasporic relations. Moreover, the Naija Boyz are posited as archetypes of a rising generation of African youth, whose intercultural experiences outside of the African continent serve as a form of social capital that constitutes the basis of new (and potentially problematic) creative economies, which expand the presumed boundaries and concerns of African youth cultures.
Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: periodic cross-links connect microtubules in vitro

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans should be an excellent model system in which to study the role of microtubules in mitosis, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and nerve function. It may be studied by the use of biochemical, genetic, molecular biological, and cell biological approaches. We have purified microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) from C. elegans by the use of the anti-tumor drug taxol (Vallee, R. B., 1982, J. Cell Biol., 92:435-44). Approximately 0.2 mg of microtubules and 0.03 mg of MAPs were isolated from each gram of C. elegans. The C. elegans microtubules were smaller in diameter than bovine microtubules assembled in vitro in the same buffer. They contained primarily 9-11 protofilaments, while the bovine microtubules contained 13 protofilaments. The principal MAP had an apparent molecular weight of 32,000 and the minor MAPs were 30,000, 45,000, 47,000, 50,000, 57,000, and 100,000-110,000 mol wt as determined by SDS- gel electrophoresis. The microtubules were observed, by electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations, to be connected by stretches of highly periodic cross-links. The cross-links connected the adjacent protofilaments of aligned microtubules, and occurred at a frequency of one cross-link every 7.7 +/- 0.9 nm, or one cross-link per tubulin dimer along the protofilament. The cross-links were removed when the MAPs were extracted from the microtubules with 0.4 M NaCl. The cross-links then re-formed when the microtubules and the MAPs were recombined in a low salt buffer. These results strongly suggest that the cross-links are composed of MAPs.
Perspectives for Highly-Sensitive PET-Based Medical Imaging Using β⁺γ Coincidences

By employing the triple coincidence between the γ trajectory intersections from β decaying isotopes emitting a third, prompt, photon ( γ-PET technique), sub-millimeter spatial resolution can be reached in 3 dimensions for the localization of a point source with a reduced requirement of reconstructed intersections per voxel compared to a conventional PET reconstruction analysis. Results of a Monte-Carlo simulation and image reconstruction study are presented in order to characterize the potential of this technique.
Speech recognition for human computer interaction

The widespread usage of small mobile devices as well as the trend to the Internet of Things showed that new means of human-computer-interaction are needed. One of many approaches is the usage of voice to recognize the user or given commands. The topic of speech processing has been studied since the 1960’s and is very well researched. This report gives an introduction and overview into this broad topic. It presents a model for the speech processing pipeline and shows common techniques for certain stages (namely feature extraction and feature matching). The last part discusses the results of existing systems.
Measuring Mindfulness in Summer Camp Staff

Examining mindfulness in a non-clinical and non-therapeutic setting such as a summer camp is an area of growing interest. Our study tested three mindfulness scales with staff in a summer camp setting, and we conducted preliminary reliability and validity analyses for any modifications needed in the scales. Results indicated two major findings: (a) the 5-item camp-Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale showed good reliability and evidence of convergent validity, and (b) the 9-item parent-based and the 6-item teacher-based scales were not reliable or applicable to this study. Analyses of the data shed light on the usefulness of employing mindfulness scales in a camp setting.
Towards BPEL in the Cloud: Exploiting Different Delivery Models for the Execution of Business Processes

More and more companies are outsourcing parts of their business processes to third party providers to exploit the expertise and economies of scale of these third party providers. In the IT field, emerging delivery models for software such as Software as a Service and cloud computing offer the possibility to outsource applications and computing infrastructure and thus enable enterprises to focus on their core competences. In this paper we investigate how the new delivery models affect the outsourcing of business processes modeled in WS-BPEL. WS-BPEL is the standard to model and execute business processes in Web service-based IT landscapes. We describe how security and trust issues affect the execution of BPEL processes in the cloud and show the requirements on the middleware supporting the execution of BPEL processes.
The Pursuit of Relevance in Management Education

The history of North American management education can be viewed as an extended debate over the proper balance between experiential knowledge and academic knowledge in the pursuit of relevance. This article explores some features of that debate, including arguments that relevance is usually ambiguous and myopic and consequently potentially pernicious, as well as claims that relevance as it is usually conceived is fundamentally irrelevant to the design of education. It examines how this debate has contributed to the evolution of business schools and suggests how the pursuit of relevance can be complimented with the pursuit of meaning and beauty.
13N-Ammonia Combined With 18F-FDG Could Discriminate Between Necrotic High-Grade Gliomas and Brain Abscess

Purpose Accurate prediction of brain abscess is beneficial for timely management. In this study, we investigated the utility of 13N-ammonia and its combination with 18F-FDG in differentiating brain abscess from necrotic high-grade gliomas. Patients and Methods Thirteen patients with ring-like enhancement high-grade gliomas and 11 patients with brain abscess were recruited in our study. All of them underwent both 18F-FDG and 13N-ammonia PET imaging. Lesion uptake was evaluated by lesion to normal gray matter ratio (L/N). Histopathology diagnosis was obtained for all the patients after PET imaging. Results The L/N values of 18F-FDG were not significantly different between brain abscess and necrotic high-grade gliomas (P = 0.35). The uptake of 13N-ammonia in gliomas was higher than that in abscess lesions (L/N: 1.38 ± 0.31 vs 0.84 ± 0.18, P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined the optimal L/N cutoff value (13N-ammonia) of 1.0 with the area under the curve of 0.94 and the overall accuracy of 87.5%. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the combination of 18F-FDG and 13N-ammonia could distinguish the 2 clinical entities with higher accuracy of 95%, and only 1 necrotic glioma lesion was misclassified into the abscess group. Conclusions 13N-ammonia is effective in distinguishing brain abscess from necrotic high-grade gliomas, and its combination with 18F-FDG could further elevate the diagnostic accuracy.
Modelling the Choice of Residential Location

The problem of translating the theory of economic choice behavior into concrete models suitable for analyzing housing location is discussed. The analysis is based on the premise that the classical, economically rational consumer will choose a residential location by weighing the attributes of each available alternative and by selecting the alternative that maximizes utility. The assumption of independence in the commonly used multinomial logit model of choice is relaxed to permit a structure of perceived similarities among alternatives. In this analysis, choice is described by a multinomial logit model for aggregates of similar alternatives. Also discussed are methods for controlling the size of data collection and estimation tasks by sampling alternatives from the full set of alternatives. /Author/
Relative Muscular Endurance Performance as a Predictor of Bench Press Strength in College Men and Women

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of using relative muscular endurance performance to estimate 1 RM bench press strength. College students (184 men and 251 women) were tested for 1 RM strength following 14 weeks of resistance training. Each subject was then randomly assigned a relative endurance load (rep weight) corresponding to 55–95 percent of the 1 RM and required to perform as many bench press repetitions (reps) as possible in one minute. Men had significantly greater 1 RM strength, rep weight, percent 1 RM, and reps than women. Since the regression of percent 1 RM on reps was not significantly different between the men and women, the data were combined to produce the following exponential equation: percent 1 RM = 52.2 + 41.9e −0.055 reps (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). Bench press strength could be estimated from the equation 1 RM = rep weight/predicted percent 1 RM/l00 with an accuracy of r = 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of ± 4.8 kg. Applications of these equations to a comparable cross-validation group (70 men and 101 women) indicated acceptable validity (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with an error of only ± 5.4 kg. Applying the same equations to high school male athletes (n = 25), high school male nonathletes (n = 74) and college football players (n = 45) also produced good cross validation (r > 0.95, p < 0.001) with relatively small standard errors (± 3.1 to ± 5.6 kg). It appears that relative muscular endurance performance can be used to accurately estimate 1 RM bench press strength in a wide variety of individuals.
Organizational Image Perceptions of University Teaching Staff Members (A Case Study)

The purpose of this study is to determine if the organizational image of Uludag University changes according to the gender, title, service length and age of the teaching staff based on the opinions of the staff working at Education Faculty. In this case study both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. The population of the study was 168 teaching staff working in the spring semester of the 2012-2013 academic year. The quantitavie instrument was composed of two sections, included the Personal Information Form that was prepared to collect personal data and second section included 68 items aiming to determine the university's organizational image perception. t-test and ANOVA test were used for the data analysis. The qualitative data was obtained through a form composed of 5 open-ended questions and analysed by descriptive analysis. According to the teaching staff members the organizational image level of the university was “middle”. While recognition, one of the sub-dimensions of the organizational image belonging to the university, was perceived by the teaching staff members at the highest level,this was followed by the images of social responsibility, organizational culture, provided services, view and physical infrastructure respectively.
DNA Polymerase α Subunit Residues and Interactions Required for Efficient Initiation Complex Formation Identified by a Genetic Selection*

Background: A genetic selection revealed interactions important for replication initiation. Results: A PHP mutation ablated interaction with the ϵ subunit and distorted the active site. C-terminal mutations decreased binding by the clamp loader τ subunit. Conclusion: The β binding domain functions in both β and τ binding. Significance: This work advances our knowledge of replicase interactions critical for function. Biophysical and structural studies have defined many of the interactions that occur between individual components or subassemblies of the bacterial replicase, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (Pol III HE). Here, we extended our knowledge of residues and interactions that are important for the first step of the replicase reaction: the ATP-dependent formation of an initiation complex between the Pol III HE and primed DNA. We exploited a genetic selection using a dominant negative variant of the polymerase catalytic subunit that can effectively compete with wild-type Pol III α and form initiation complexes, but cannot elongate. Suppression of the dominant negative phenotype was achieved by secondary mutations that were ineffective in initiation complex formation. The corresponding proteins were purified and characterized. One class of mutant mapped to the PHP domain of Pol III α, ablating interaction with the ϵ proofreading subunit and distorting the polymerase active site in the adjacent polymerase domain. Another class of mutation, found near the C terminus, interfered with τ binding. A third class mapped within the known β-binding domain, decreasing interaction with the β2 processivity factor. Surprisingly, mutations within the β binding domain also ablated interaction with τ, suggesting a larger τ binding site than previously recognized.
Effect of UV-C light on the microbial and sensory quality of seasoned dried seafood

This study investigated the effects of different doses of UV-C light at 253.7 nm (0–18 kJ/m2) on the reduction of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in contaminated seasoned dried filefish (Thamnaconus modestus) and sliced squid (Todarodes pacificus) surfaces and sensory quality. The counts of all three bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by the increase of UV-C dosage. E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus on filefish with 18 kJ/m2 of UV-C maximally reduced by 2.70, 2.55 and 2.57 log CFU/g, respectively; however, on the sliced squid using the same UV dose reduced the same bacteria by 1.35, 0.54 and 1.05 log CFU/g, respectively. However, the results suggest that 6 to 9 kJ/m2 of UV-C could be used for the inactivation of E. coli and B. cereus in these dried fishery products without any changes in sensory quality. However, S. aureus levels on sliced squid will require a combination of UV-C light and chemical treatment.
God's Potters: Pastoral Leadership and the Shaping of Congregations

democratic discourse. Potential communities for public deliberation emerge in reality talk shows, communities of cinema and sports fans, and rock festivals. In each case, the authors look past the scorn of elite opinion and find traces of the modern “public square” in diverse and even marginal settings. Several new technologies emerge as potentially fruitful terrain for deliberation, including blogs, digital and low-power FM radio, and various aspects of the Internet. The superbly balanced articles present none of these technologies as panaceas, but show how each have the potential to provide at least a piece of what could become the twenty-first century public sphere. Perhaps the main contribution of these readings is their welcome rejection of a romantic, almost mythical, notion of the public square. Deliberative spaces in the digital age will not look like a cozy, New England town meeting. In fact, they might lack any conventional physicality. They will reflect and even magnify all of the deep conflicts and competing interests of the societies in which they are embedded. They will occupy multiple, unlikely sites where people actually gather, however marginal and stigmatized those people and sites might be. But, as Butsch and colleagues make clear, they will remain indispensable if we hope to find spaces and strategies for airing, and perhaps even resolving, some of our most painful and persistent conflicts and divisions.
If A1 is the answer, what was the question? An Edgy Naif's retrospective on promulgating the trusted computer systems evaluation criteria

This paper provides an introspective retrospective on the history and development of the United States Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC). Known to many as the Orange Book, the TCSEC contained a distillation of what many researchers considered to be the soundest proven principles and practices for achieving graded degrees of sensitive information protection on multiuser computing systems. While its seven stated evaluation classes were explicitly directed to standalone computer systems, many of its authors contended that its principles would stand as adequate guidance for the design, implementation, assurance, evaluation and certification of other classes of computing applications including database management systems and networks. The account is a personal reminiscence of the author, and concludes with a subjective assessment of the TCSEC's validity in the face of its successor evaluation criteria.