Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selecting Refactorings: An Option Based Approach

Refactoring, aims to improve the design of existing code to cope with foreseen software architecture evolution. The selection of the optimum refactoring strategy can be a daunting task involving the identification of refactoring candidates, the determination of which refactorings to apply and the assessment of the refactoring impact on software product quality characteristics. As such, the benefits from refactorings are measured from the quality advancements achieved through the application of state of the art structural quality assessments on refactored code. Perceiving refactoring trough the lens of value creation, the optimum strategy should be the one that maximizes the endurance of the architecture in future imposed changes. We argue that an alternative measurement and examination of the refactoring success is possible, one, that focuses on the balance between effort spent and anticipated cost minimization. In this arena, traditional, quality evaluation methods fall short in examining the financial implications of uncertainties imposed by the frequent updates/modifications and by the dynamics of the XP programming. In this paper we apply simple Real Options Analysis techniques and we perceive the selection of the optimum refactoring strategy as an option capable of generating value (cost minimization) upon adoption. Doing so, we link the endurance of the refactored architecture to its true monetary value. To get an estimation of the expected cost that is needed to apply the considered refactorings and to the effect of applying them, in the cost of future adoptions we conducted a case study. The results of the case study suggest that every refactoring can be associated with different benefit levels during system extension.
Prevalence of endoparasitic infection in children and its relation with cholera prevention efforts in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether increased knowledge and use of public health measures promoted for cholera prevention is reflected in lower prevalence of parasitic infection in households in a community in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, that is close to the border with the United States of America. METHODS Between 1994 and 1997, fecal samples from 438 children were collected through convenience sampling and then examined for helminth eggs/larvae and protozoan cysts as biologic indicators of household compliance with recommended cholera prevention measures. The suggested measures were to wash hands before meals and after defecation, to drink purified water, to wash fruits and vegetables, and to eat well-cooked food. In addition, information on the knowledge of and the use of cholera preventive measures was collected by interviews with adult informants in 252 households (186 of those households also provided a fecal sample for analysis). RESULTS Parasitic infections occurred in 131 of the 438 children (30%), who resided in 79 of the 186 households (42%) that provided fecal samples. Giardia lamblia accounted for 12.5% of all infections. Infections with Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma/Necator, Strongyloides stercoralis, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba histolytica, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba bütschlii were also noted. Infected children were older and more often had an infected sibling. Households with three or more children were also more likely to have an infected child. The primary caregivers in the households where at least one child had a parasitic infection were distinguished by their inability to list at least three cholera prevention measures from memory. CONCLUSIONS The 42% household prevalence of parasitic infection was relatively high and indicates that some residents of this community may not have fully embraced the public health education efforts promoted for prevention of cholera. The occurrence of nonpathogenic protozoan parasites such as Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, and I. bütschlii are important bioindicators for the persistence of unhygienic behaviors that increase the risk of cholera and other infectious diseases dependent on fecal-oral transmission. Information obtained by similar studies can be useful for monitoring compliance with community health and hygiene programs and may indicate the need to intensify educational efforts for the prevention of diarrhea associated with enteric pathogens that cannot be controlled by drugs alone.
Speed measurement algorithms for low-resolution incremental encoder equipped drives: a comparative analysis

Precise motion control requires high-accuracy and high- bandwidth feedback speed information, often calculated by direct measurement of the rotor position available through the incremental encoder equipping the drive. The resolution of the encoder heavily affects the cost of the drive and the accuracy and bandwidth of the calculated speed. The limitations introduced by a low resolution encoder can be partially reduced by a proper speed calculation (or estimation) algorithm, that therefore plays a key role in modern drive systems. In this paper a comparative analysis of state-of-art speed measurement and estimation algorithms suitable for low-resolution incremental encoder equipped drives is presented, aiming at highlighting the specific feature of each one, both from the performance point of view, and from the computational requirements needed for actual implementation. The paper proposes itself as a guide for engineers in the complex choice of the best solution for each application.
Analysis of GNAZ gene polymorphism in bipolar affective disorder.

Evidence for a bipolar disorder (BPD) susceptibility locus on chromosome 22q11 has been provided in several studies. One candidate gene that maps to this region is the G-protein alpha subunit gene Galphaz (GNAZ). We have identified a common silent polymorphism in GNAZ exon 2 by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. The frequency of this polymorphism was determined in a control population (n=84) and in patients with BPD (n=88). The data showed a statistical trend toward a difference in the distribution of alleles in patients with BPD compared with control subjects (chi square=3.2, 1 df, P=0.073, two-tailed). No significant difference was detected when the GNAZ polymorphism was analyzed in control subjects and schizophrenia patients (n=63, P=0.92). These data continue to provide some support for a BPD susceptibility gene on 22q11, possibly in linkage disequilibrium with the GNAZ 309 polymorphism.
Push or Request: An Investigation of HTTP/2 Server Push for Improving Mobile Performance

In HTTP/1.1, it is necessary for the client to request an object (e.g. an image in a page) in order for the server to send it, even if the server knows in advance what the client will need. Server Push is a feature introduced in HTTP/2 that promises to improve page load times (PLT) by having the server push content to the browser in advance. In this paper, we investigate the benefits and challenges of using Server Push on mobile devices. We first examine whether pushing all content or just the CSS and Javascript files performs better, and find the former leads to much better web performance. Also, we find that sites making use of domain sharding or which otherwise have content divided across many servers do not benefit much from Server Push, a major challenge for Server Push going forward. Network performance characteristics also play a major role. Server Push is especially effective at improving performance at high loss rates (16% median PLT reduction with a 2% loss rate) and high latencies (14% PLT reduction with 100 ms latency), and has little benefit for high-speed Ethernet connections. This motivates its use on mobile devices, although we also find the limited processing power of these devices limits the benefits of Server Push. Server Push also offers modest energy benefits, with energy savings of 9% on LTE for one device. Overall, Server Push is a promising approach for improving web performance in mobile networks, but there are a number of challenges in achieving the full benefits of Server Push.
Combinatorial PCPs with e cient veri ers

The PCP theorem asserts the existence of proofs that can be veried by a verier that reads only a very small part of the proof. The theorem was originally proved by Arora and Safra (J. ACM 45(1)) and Arora et al. (J. ACM 45(3)) using sophisticated algebraic tools. More than a decade later, Dinur (J. ACM 54(3)) gave a simpler and arguably more intuitive proof using alternative combinatorial techniques. One disadvantage of Dinur's proof compared to the previous algebraic proof is that it yields less ecient veriers. In this work, we provide a combinatorial construction of PCPs with veriers that are as ecient as the ones obtained by the algebraic methods. The result is the rst combinatorial proof of the PCP theorem for NEXP (originally proved by Babai et al., STOC 1991), and a combinatorial construction of super-fast PCPs of Proximity for NP (rst constructed by Ben-Sasson et al., CCC 2005).
Recent Developments in Explicit Constructions of Extractors

Extractors are functions which are able to “extract” random bits from arbitrary distributions which “contain” sufficient randomness. Explicit constructions of extractors have many applications in complexity theory and combinatorics. This manuscript is a survey of recent developments in extractors and focuses on explicit constructions of extractors following Trevisan’s breakthrough result [Tre99].
Confronting the ghosts: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of parents' experience of making links between their childhood and current parenting style

Ill 1. BACKGROUND 4 1.1 Overview ofAttachment Theory 6 1.2 Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Style 9 1.2.1 Proposed Mechanisms ofIntergenerational Transmission 10 1.2.1.1 Reciprocity 10 1.2.1.2 Sensitive Responsiveness 11 1.2.1.3 Other Explanations 14 1.2.1.4 The Distinction Between Sensitive Responsiveness and Secure-Base Provision 16 1.2.2 Implications for Intervention 17 1.3 Making Links 18 1.3. 1 Why is Making Links important? 18 1.3. 2 Limitations ofMaking Links 19 1.4 Attachment Interventions 20 1.4. 1 Infant-Parent Psychotherapy 20 1.4. 2 Circle ofSecurity 22 1.4. 3 Mellow Parenting 24 1.5 Rationalefor the study 26 1.5. 1 The Making Links Project 26 1.5. 1.1 The Making Links Interview 26 1.5. 1.2 Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) 27 1.5. 1.3 Exploratory Work 28 1.5. 2 Why Study Making Links? 28 1.5. 3 Service User Views 29 1.5. 4 Qualitative Investigation 30 1.6 Study Aims 32 Doctorate in Clinical Psychology The University of Edinburgh 2006 1.6. 1 Primary Aims 32 1.6. 2 Secondary Aims 32 2. METHODOLOGY 33 2.1 Design 33 2.2 Participants 33 2.3 Procedure 33 2.3. 1 Recruiting Participants 33 2.3. 2 Interviewing 34 2.3. 3 Managing Data 36 2.4 Analysing Data 37 2.4. 1 Method ofAnalysis 37 2.4. 2 Analytical Process 39 2.5 Quality Control 40 2.5. 1 Sensitivity to Context 41 2.5. 2 Commitment and Rigour 41 2.5. 3 Transparency and Coherence 42 2.5. 4 Impact and Importance 43 2.6 Ethical Issues 43 2.6. 1 The Participants 43 2.6. 2 The Co-therapists 44 2.6. 3 The Researcher 44
A Logarithmic Full-Chip Thermal Analysis Algorithm Based on Multi-Layer Green&#8217;s Function

This paper derives the multi-layer heat conduction Green's function, by integrating the eigen-expansion technique and the classic transmission line theories, and presents a logarithmic full-chip thermal analysis algorithm, which is verified by comparisons with a computational fluid dynamics tool (FLUENT). The paper considers Dirichlet's and general heat convection boundary conditions at chip surfaces. Experimental results show that the algorithm offers superior computing speed, compared to FLUENT and traditional Green's function based methods. The paper also studies the limitations of the traditional single-layer thermal model
Ontology Assisted Crowd Mining

We present OASSIS (for Ontology ASSISted crowd mining), a prototype system which allows users to declaratively specify their information needs, and mines the crowd for answers. The answers that the system computes are concise and relevant, and represent frequent, significant data patterns. The system is based on (1) a generic model that captures both ontological knowledge, as well as the individual knowledge of crowd members from which frequent patterns are mined; (2) a query language in which users can specify their information needs and types of data patterns they seek; and (3) an efficient query evaluation algorithm, for mining semantically concise answers while minimizing the number of questions posed to the crowd. We will demonstrate OASSIS using a couple of real-life scenarios, showing how users can formulate and execute queries through the OASSIS UI and how the relevant data is mined from the crowd.
Techniques For Detection & Avoidance Of Wormhole Attack In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

A Wireless Networks due to their open nature has different set of attacks than Wired Networks and thereby, requires different steps to counter these attacks as compared to that in conventional networks. One such attack in wireless ad hoc networks is Wormhole Attack. In this Attack, wireless transmissions are recorded at one location and replayed them at another location thereby creating virtual tunnel in a network which is controlled by attacker. This attack can be mounted on wide range wireless ad hoc networks without compromising any cryptographic quantity over network. Thus it is one of the most sophisticated and severe attack and is particularly challenging to defend against. This Paper focuses on threat that wormhole attack possesses on network and also mentions few of the initiatives with their respective specifications to solve the problem.
Improve the transient response of speed and torque ripple minimization of the BLDC motor by varies controllers

The objective of this paper is to build a simple voltage and current controlled modulation techniques for brushless dc motors using PSIM. In electric traction and most other applications, a wide range of speed and torque control of the electric motor is required. The dc machine fulfills these requirements, but the dc machine requires constant maintenance. But the brushless permanent magnet motors do not have brushes and so they require less maintenance only. Brushless dc motors are widely used in applications which require wide range of speed and torque control because of its low inertia, fast response, high reliability and maintenance free. The current controlled technique is based on the generation of quasi-square wave currents using only one controller for the three phases. The current control strategy uses a triangular carrier for the power transistors which is simpler and more accurate than any other options. Its Implementation has been done in PSIM. PSIM is a soft computing technique which has user friendly approach and some basic theories, the corresponding PSIM models for the BLDC can easily can be constructed.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Deformed Wing Virus Genotypes from Diverse Geographic Origins Indicates Recent Global Distribution of the Virus

ABSTRACT Honeybees originating from 10 different countries (Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, and New Zealand) located on four continents were analyzed for the presence of deformed wing virus (DWV) nucleic acid by reverse transcription-PCR. Two target regions within the DWV genome were selected for PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing, i.e., a region within the putative VP2 and VP4 structural-protein genes and a region within the RNA helicase enzyme gene. DWV nucleic acid was amplified from 34 honeybee samples representing all the above-mentioned countries with the notable exception of New Zealand. The amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses of both genomic regions were performed independently. The phylogenetic analyses included all sequences determined in this study as well as previously published DWV sequences and the sequences of two closely related viruses, Kakugo virus (KGV) and Varroa destructor virus 1 (VDV-1). In the sequenced regions, the DWV genome turned out to be highly conserved, independent of the geographic origins of the honeybee samples: the partial sequences exhibited 98 to 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Substitutions were most frequently observed at the same positions in the various DWV sequences. Due to the high level of sequence conservation, no significant clustering of the samples in the phylogenetic trees could be identified. On the other hand, the phylogenetic analyses support a genetic segregation of KGV and VDV-1 from DWV.
Exploring employees' followership and cognitive style

This paper reviews the relationship between followership style and cognitive style. It reviews Kelley's (1992) model of followership styles which are “the-sheep”, “pragmatist, “the yes-people”, “the star follower”, and “alienated”. Meanwhile for cognitive styles, this paper reviews Allinson and Hayes's (1996) model which consists of “analytical” and “intuitive” style.
Adaptive Bandwidth Mean Shift Object Detection

In this paper, a novel adaptive bandwidth mean shift algorithm toward 2D object detection (ABMSOD) is proposed. It can not only identify whether an object of certain classes exists or not, but also get the scale and orientation besides position very fast. The feature histogram weighted by a kernel with adaptive bandwidth is used for representing the target object model and the candidate object model. Features such as color, texture, gradient and so on can be used. A single piece of image is enough to build a model by calculating the weighted feature histogram of the object in the image. There is no exhaustive training. The similarity of the target model and the candidate model is measured by the Bhattacharyya coefficient. After gathering the models of targets, the algorithm can be used for object detection. In the first step, the algorithm searches the whole image to find the rough positions of possible candidate objects. If the similarities are all below a certain threshold, it reports no object existence. If the similarities are above the threshold, the second step or the adaptive bandwidth mean shift search step is executed to find the best position, orientation and scale of these objects. Experiments show that it successfully detects the position, scale and orientation of objects.
Concepts on Zakat, Caritas, and Diaconia in the changing social welfare landscape of Europe

ABSTRACT This article will enhance the understanding of Zakat’s contribution to social welfare provision in the changing social welfare landscape of Europe. It will contribute to the understanding of emerging Zakat within the framework of the welfare regimes in Europe in relation to the more established forms of Caritas and Diaconia. Data was gathered from the Welfare and Value (WaVe) research program in 13 cities and 12 countries 2005–2009. The research was conducted through observation and in-depth research with a descriptive approach to the complexity of majority–minority relations in each town, followed by an analytical phase which addressed various factors in relation to social cohesion, values, minorities, and gender. In this article, the data from the WaVe study was coded and analyzed, mainly to explore the way Zakat is implemented in the European context and within the framework of different contextual welfare regimes using Esping-Andersen typology and Van der Ven institutional model on religious & social identity. The results confirm the dominant role of Caritas and Diaconia but with emerging & innovative Zakat in some countries and a marginal role in mainly Eastern Europe. Zakat is also becoming and alternative & complimentary welfare provision model in Germany, France, and Croatia.
Network Troubleshooting : An In-band Approach

Users and operators of communication networks must be able to quickly diagnose (i.e., detect and locate) network faults. The large body of sophisticated network diagnosis tools used are typically “out-of-band”: they introduce a stream of probes that are separate from the data traffic experiencing a network fault. Out-of-band techniques only collect information about the network conditions at the time the tool is running, so they may fail to capture transient faults entirely. Also, the measurements may experience very different behavior than the data traffic that is actually subject to the network fault. To make matters worse, probing tools introduce additional traffic that may itself alter network conditions. We propose a complementary technique, which we call in-band network path diagnosis (INPaD). The basic idea is simple: include information associated with network faults in the data packets themselves. Since INPaD approaches embed information on network conditions in the data stream itself, they can directly record the symptoms of even transient faults without the overhead of regular probing. We have developed Orchid which is a specific INPaD scheme and evaluated Orchid on VINI[1].
K-clique community detection based on union-find

As network community becoming increasingly complicated, the effective and fast community detection algorithm gets more important in network analysis. In this paper, a improved k-clique detection algorithm based on union-find structure is proposed, the time efficiency of community discovery in highly overlapped complex network is improved and it is possible to divide all communities within approximately linear time complexity. In this algorithm, we use union-find structure to store divided communities and reduce the number of unnecessary intersection test. The experiments result on the real data sets show that the algorithm is reasonable and effective, and its time efficiency is better than other overlapping community algorithms.
A new UWB slot antenna with rejection of WiMAX bands

This paper presents a compact coplanar waveguide(CPW) fed planar slot antenna. The antenna consists of a rectangular tuning stub. The band notching of WiMAX (5.5-5.65 GHz) is achieved by inserting a `U' slot. The size of the antenna is around 28mm (L) × 21mm (W) × 0.16 mm (T). The prototype of the proposed antenna is simulated for its optimal values and tested. This paper combined also the Taguchi method and MUSIC algorithm, used them as the prediction tool in designing parameters for the communication system and then constructed a set of the optimal parameter analysis flow and steps, and the design parameters for achieving optimal of the antenna. The radiation pattern and gain are simulated and agree well with the simulation results. The proposed antenna is simple, easy to fabricate and can be integrated into any UWB system, which can work without interference from WiMAX systems.
Tool-Supported User-Centred Prototyping of Mobile Applications

There is evidence that user-centred development increases the user-friendliness of resulting products and thus the distinguishing features compared to products of competitors. However, the user-centred development requires comprehensive software and usability engineering skills to keep the process both cost-effective and time-effective. This paper covers that problem and provides insights in so-called user-centred prototyping UCP tools which support the production of prototypes as well as their evaluation with end-users. In particular, UCP tool called MoPeDT Pervasive Interface Development Toolkit for Mobile Phones is introduced. It provides assistance to interface developers of applications where mobile phones are used as interaction devices to a user's everyday pervasive environment. Based on found tool features for UCP tools, a feature study is described between related tools and MoPeDT as well as a comparative user study between this tool and a traditional approach. A further focus of the paper is the tool-supported execution of empiric evaluations.