Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the significance of transportation network link for emergency supplies

The emergency supplies in large-scale natural disaster is affected by the dynamics of transportation network. The travel speed and link capacity change over time because of traffic accidents, landslides, and uncertain weather, etc., which block up the processing of emergency material transmission sometimes. Finding out critical links and knowing how these links affect the transportation are benefit to improve dispatching performance. In this paper, the quickest network flow model is utilized to calculate the significance of transportation network links. Not only the critical links could be identified, but also how much decrease of traffic volume will be caused by the decrease in critical link capacity, or travel speed, or both. Different from conventional methods, the proposed significance in this paper is not only for individual link, but also for multi-links with considering time dimension. The experimental results demonstrate that this method is effective in dynamic transportation network and the computational efficiency is acceptable.
MRS: a noninvasive window into cardiac metabolism

A well‐functioning heart requires a constant supply of a balanced mixture of nutrients to be used for the production of adequate amounts of adenosine triphosphate, which is the main energy source for most cellular functions. Defects in cardiac energy metabolism are linked to several myocardial disorders. MRS can be used to study in vivo changes in cardiac metabolism noninvasively. MR techniques allow repeated measurements, so that disease progression and the response to treatment or to a lifestyle intervention can be monitored. It has also been shown that MRS can predict clinical heart failure and death. This article focuses on in vivo MRS to assess cardiac metabolism in humans and experimental animals, as experimental animals are often used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic diseases. Various MR techniques, such as cardiac 31P‐MRS, 1H‐MRS, hyperpolarized 13C‐MRS and Dixon MRI, are described. A short overview of current and emerging applications is given. Cardiac MRS is a promising technique for the investigation of the relationship between cardiac metabolism and cardiac disease. However, further optimization of scan time and signal‐to‐noise ratio is required before broad clinical application. In this respect, the ongoing development of advanced shimming algorithms, radiofrequency pulses, pulse sequences, (multichannel) detection coils, the use of hyperpolarized nuclei and scanning at higher magnetic field strengths offer future perspective for clinical applications of MRS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Speed And Large Capacity Compressor-Driving Turbines For Chemical Plants

Makoto Teramoto became manager of 1 the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' Hiroshima turbine designing section in • 1 1973. After graduating from Kobe Mer­ cantile Marine University in 1956 with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engi­ neering, he worked for six years as a marine engineer for ocean liners. He then moved to Mitsubishi Heavy 1ndustries' turbine section where he has been in­ volved in the design of steam turbines for the past 16 years. Kazuso Katayama is senior engineer in Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' Hiroshima turbine designing section. He holds a B. S. degree in Aeronautical Engineering and a Masters' degree in the same field from the University of Kyushu. Mr. Katayama has been conducting research and develop­ ment of compressor drive steam turbines since 1964. Masanori Fujimuru joined Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' Hiroshima works in 1970 after receiving Bachelor of Science and Masters' degree in Mechanical Engi­ neering from the University of Kyoto. He worked in the turbine designing section for several years before going to the Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania where he com­ pleted his study on a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering and in Applied Mechanical Engineer ing in 1977. This paper gives a brief description of compressor-driving steam turbines for use in chemical plants. Turbines used for ethylene plants, ammonia plants and LNG plants, in particular, are large-capacity, high-speed variable-speed steam turbines. Their present state and the state of their development are described. Rotor dynamics technique which is the basic design technique for the attain­ ment of their stable operation and blade design and manufac­ turing techniques are described in detail. Further, the con­ struction of each component part is described in full.
How Movies Shape Students' Attitudes Toward Individuals with Schizophrenia: An Exploration of the Relationships between Entertainment Experience and Stigmatization

ABSTRACT Mass media shape not only public, but also healthcare professionals' attitudes towards individuals with a mental illness. This study investigates how watching a movie about schizophrenia affects stigma-related attitudes of rehabilitation science students, who are likely to work with affected individuals. Participants watched an entertainment movie portrayal of schizophrenia. Stigma-related attitudes and social distance were assessed one week before watching the movie, directly afterwards, and one week later. No significant differences in stigmatization emerged between viewers and non-viewers. Enjoyment, appreciation, and general movie evaluation mediated viewers' transportation into the story on changes in stigmatization. Results are discussed with respect to media effects on stigma-related attitudes and their implications for mental health nursing practice and education.
What to Say When: Advertising Appeals in Evolving Markets

The authors study how ad cues affect consumer behavior in new versus well-established markets. The authors use theoretical insights from consumer information processing to argue that the same ad cues can have different effects on consumer behavior, depending on whether the market is new or old. The authors then test these hypotheses in the context of a toll-free referral service, using a highly disaggregate econometric model of advertising response. The results indicate that argument-based appeals, expert sources, and negatively framed messages are particularly effective in new markets. Emotion-based appeals and positively framed messages are more effective in older markets than in new markets.
MITH-Dyn: A multi Vth dynamic logic design style using mixed mode FinFETs

In FinFETs, the back-gate of the transistor can be biased to control its Vth, thereby reducing leakage power at the expense of performance. This paper proposes a novel multi Vth dynamic logic design style (MITH-Dyn) which reduces the leakage power without degrading performance. MITH-Dyn has been tested on dynamic circuits of varying design complexity in both domino logic and np zipper logic. We report leakage savings of 90.83%, 89.14% and total power savings of 36.7%, 32.2% for domino circuits and np zipper circuits respectively. MITH-Dyn has also been extended to C2FinFET based latches and registers and also to NORA (No Race) FinFET based pipeline circuits. Total power savings of 27.98% and 36.16% was obtained for 2-stage and 4-stage NORA pipeline circuits respectively. We have used the 45nm FinFET model cards from PTM [1] for all the results reported in this paper.
The Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient Instrument: Psychometric Properties and Patient Views of the Quality of Forensic Psychiatric Services in Sweden

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the instrument Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient and to describe the quality of psychiatric care among forensic in-patients. The study group consisted of patients all receiving care during 2 weeks in September 2009 and meeting the inclusion criteria. A sample of 134 in-patients from 34 forensic wards in Sweden participated. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a seven-factor structure, and 69% of the patients reported the quality of care as high. The highest rating was for the secluded environment dimension, and the lowest was for the participation dimension. The Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient is a reliable and valid measurement instrument recommended for use in evaluating quality in forensic in-patient care.
Tracheobronchitis in a Patient With Crohn's Disease

We report a 63-year-old woman who presented with 1 month of non-productive cough and non-bloody diarrhea. She was on maintenance therapy for a 15-year history of Crohn's disease. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids resulted in rapid improvement of both her diarrhea and respiratory symptoms. Our patient is unique in that she presented with tracheobronchitis during an acute flare of her Crohn's without obvious lung pathology on chest imaging. Tracheobronchitis is a rare manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that should be considered in Crohn's disease patients presenting with persistent non-infectious cough.
A Real Time 3 D Foot Pose Estimation using silhouette based 2 . 5 D database

method using silhouette based 2.5D database. Shape descriptor for 3D pose estimation should be chosen to hold robustness for geometrical transformations, and to require short processing time. To reduce processing time, total 13,500 silhouette-based foot image database is built and meta information which involves 3D pose and feature vectors of the foot image is appended to the database. And we proposed a modified Centroid Contour Distance whose size of the feature space is small and performance of pose estimation is better than the others. In order to analyze performance of the proposed descriptor, we evaluate time and spatial complexity with retrieval accuracy, and then compare with the previous methods. According to the result of our experiment, proposed descriptor has only 63 feature values. It is about 20% of the average spatial complexity. Furthermore, our method takes about 0.00296 seconds to extract feature values. It is about 86% of the average time complexity. The results show that the proposed descriptor is more effective than the previous methods on feature extraction time. Finally, if we estimate retrieval accuracy as a reciprocal of the average error, then the proposed method improves about 36% of the average retrieval accuracy in comparison with the other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed descriptor is more effective than the previous methods on feature extraction time and pose estimation accuracy.
Low Accuracy of the HeartMate Risk Score for Predicting Mortality Using the INTERMACS Registry Data

Selection is a key determinant of clinical outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement in patients with end-stage heart failure. The HeartMate II risk score (HMRS) has been proposed to facilitate risk stratification and patient selection for continuous flow pumps. This study retrospectively assessed the performance of HMRS in predicting 90 day and 1 year mortality in patients within the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS). A total of 11,523 INTERMACS patients who received a continuous flow LVAD between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively categorized per their calculated HMRS to predict their 90 day and 1 year risk of mortality. The performance of the score was evaluated by the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic. We also performed multiple regression analysis using variables from the HMRS calculation on the INTERMACS data. The HMRS model showed moderate discrimination for both 90 day and 1 year mortality prediction with AUCs of 61% and 59%, respectively. The predictions had similar accuracy irrespective of whether the pump was axial or centrifugal flow. Multivariable analysis using independent variables used in the original HMRS analysis revealed different set of variables to be predictive of 90 day mortality than those used to calculate HMRS. HMRS predicts both 90 day and 1 year mortality with poor discrimination when applied to a large cohort of LVAD patients. Newer risk prediction models are therefore needed to optimize the therapeutic application of LVAD therapy. Patient selection for appropriate use of LVADs is critical. Currently available risk stratification tools (HMRS) continue to be limited in their ability to accurately predict mortality after LVAD. This study highlights these limitations when applied to a large, comprehensive, multicenter database. HMRS predicts mortality with only modest discrimination when applied to a large cohort of LVAD patients. Better risk stratification tools are needed to optimize outcomes.
Candida albicans Cas5, a regulator of cell wall integrity, is required for virulence in murine and toll mutant fly models.

Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, yet the pathogenesis of C. albicans infection remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that C. albicans has developed evolutionarily conserved mechanisms to invade disparate hosts and tested whether Toll mutant flies could serve as a model host for high-throughput screening of C. albicans virulence genes. We screened 34 C. albicans mutants defective in putative transcription factor genes (see http://www.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/e2k1/qzhao/page.cgi? num=1 ) by means of a previously established model of invasive candidiasis in Toll mutant flies. C. albicans mutants that displayed attenuated virulence in flies were subsequently tested for virulence in a mouse model of hematogenous candidiasis. Of the 34 C. albicans mutants tested, only the prototrophic cas5Delta/Delta mutant (strain VIC1186) exhibited attenuated virulence in Toll mutant flies that was restored in the complemented strain (VIC1190). Similarly, BALB/c mice infected intravenously with the cas5Delta/Delta mutant had significantly better survival and a lower fungal burden in kidneys and spleen than did those infected with the isogenic wild-type strain DAY185. CAS5 encodes a key transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cell wall integrity and lacks an orthologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our findings support the notion that Drosophila melanogaster is a promising model for large-scale studies of genes involved in the pathogenesis of C. albicans infection in mammals.
Hobbes: optimized gram-based methods for efficient read alignment

Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled the rapid generation of billions of bases at relatively low cost. A crucial first step in many sequencing applications is to map those reads to a reference genome. However, when the reference genome is large, finding accurate mappings poses a significant computational challenge due to the sheer amount of reads, and because many reads map to the reference sequence approximately but not exactly. We introduce Hobbes, a new gram-based program for aligning short reads, supporting Hamming and edit distance. Hobbes implements two novel techniques, which yield substantial performance improvements: an optimized gram-selection procedure for reads, and a cache-efficient filter for pruning candidate mappings. We systematically tested the performance of Hobbes on both real and simulated data with read lengths varying from 35 to 100 bp, and compared its performance with several state-of-the-art read-mapping programs, including Bowtie, BWA, mrsFast and RazerS. Hobbes is faster than all other read mapping programs we have tested while maintaining high mapping quality. Hobbes is about five times faster than Bowtie and about 2–10 times faster than BWA, depending on read length and error rate, when asked to find all mapping locations of a read in the human genome within a given Hamming or edit distance, respectively. Hobbes supports the SAM output format and is publicly available at http://hobbes.ics. uci.edu.
Tinnitus: Distinguishing between Subjectively Perceived Loudness and Tinnitus-Related Distress

Objectives Overall success of current tinnitus therapies is low, which may be due to the heterogeneity of tinnitus patients. Therefore, subclassification of tinnitus patients is expected to improve therapeutic allocation, which, in turn, is hoped to improve therapeutic success for the individual patient. The present study aims to define factors that differentially influence subjectively perceived tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related distress. Methods In a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey, the data of 4705 individuals with tinnitus were analyzed. The self-report questionnaire contained items about subjective tinnitus loudness, type of onset, awareness and localization of the tinnitus, hearing impairment, chronic comorbidities, sleep quality, and psychometrically validated questionnaires addressing tinnitus-related distress, depressivity, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity. In a binary step-wise logistic regression model, we tested the predictive power of these variables on subjective tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related distress. Results The present data contribute to the distinction between subjective tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related distress. Whereas subjective loudness was associated with permanent awareness and binaural localization of the tinnitus, tinnitus-related distress was associated with depressivity, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity. Conclusions Subjective tinnitus loudness and the potential presence of severe depressivity, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity should be assessed separately from tinnitus-related distress. If loud tinnitus is the major complaint together with mild or moderate tinnitus-related distress, therapies should focus on auditory perception. If levels of depressivity, anxiety or somatic symptom severity are severe, therapies and further diagnosis should focus on these symptoms at first.
Numerical study of optical nanolithography using nanoscale bow‐tie–shaped nano‐apertures

Contact lithography using bow‐tie–shaped nano‐apertures was recently demonstrated to achieve nanometer scale resolution. In this work, the detailed field distributions in contact nanolithography are analyzed using finite difference time domain simulations. It was found that the high imaging contrast, which is necessary for successful lithography, is achieved close to the mask exit plane and decays quickly with the increase of the distance from the mask exit plane. Simulations are also performed for comparable regular‐shaped apertures and different shape bow‐tie apertures. Design rules are proposed to optimize the bow‐tie aperture for producing a sub‐wavelength, high transmission field with high imaging contrast.
Elastic modulus of PVDF with bentonite or LiNbO3 using deformation energy

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is valued for its properties of transparency to light, lightness, flexibility, mechanical strength, chemical stability, ease of processing, and low-cost production. Ceramics have low mechanical strength and poor processability, but have excellent piezo- and pyroelectric characteristics. The deficiencies of ceramics can be minimized by combining them with polymers. Accordingly, PVDF samples with different percentages of bentonite or LiNbO
Capacity scaling laws in MIMO relay networks

The use of multiple antennas at both ends of a wireless link, popularly known as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless, has been shown to offer significant improvements in spectral efficiency and link reliability through spatial multiplexing and space-time coding, respectively. This paper demonstrates that similar performance gains can be obtained in wireless relay networks employing terminals with MIMO capability. We consider a setup where a designated source terminal communicates with a designated destination terminal, both equipped with M antennas, assisted by K single-antenna or multiple-antenna relay terminals using a half-duplex protocol. Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the destination and the relay terminals and no CSI at the source, we show that the corresponding network capacity scales as C = (M/2) log(K) + O(1) for fixed M, arbitrary (but fixed) number of (transmit and receive) antennas N at each of the relay terminals, and K rarr infin. We propose a protocol that assigns each relay terminal to one of the multiplexed data streams forwarded in a "doubly coherent" fashion (through matched filtering) to the destination terminal. It is shown that this protocol achieves the cut-set upper bound on network capacity for fixed M and K rarr infin (up to an O(1)-term) by employing independent stream decoding at the destination terminal. Our protocol performs inter-stream interference cancellation in a completely decentralized fashion, thereby orthogonalizing the effective MIMO channel between source and destination terminals. Finally, we discuss the case where the relay terminals do not have CSI and show that simple amplify-and-forward relaying, asymptotically in K, for fixed M and fixed N ges 1, turns the relay network into a point-to-point MIMO link with high-SNR capacity C = (M/2) log(SNR) + O(1), demonstrating that the use of relays as active scatterers can recover spatial multiplexing gain in poor scattering environments
Evaluation of mixed dentition analyses in north Indian population: A comparative study

Introduction: Mixed dentition regression equations analyses (Moyers, Tanaka-Johnston) are based on European population, reliability of these methods is questionable over other population. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on total 260 study models. This study was done in two phases. In the first phase, linear regression equations were made. In the second phase, comparison of actual values of sum of mesiodistal width of canine, first and second premolars with the predicted values proposed by Moyers, Tanaka-Johnston, and the new proposed mixed dentition analysis for North Indian population were made. Results: Set of four linear regression equations for predicting sum of mesiodistal width of permanent canine, first premolar and second premolar in North Indian population from sum of mesiodistal width of mandibular incisors and mandibular first molars, were proposed as; (a) for males, maxillary arch, Y = 2.9 + 0.40X, (b) mandibular arch Y = 3.91 + 0.37X (c) for females, maxillary arch Y = 0.56 + 0.45X (d) mandibular arch Y = 1.14 + 0.42X. Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston, mixed dentition analysis, is found to be overestimating the mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars in North Indian population.
Parameter sensitivity analysis of a human atrial cell model using multivariate regression

Atrial cell models form the building blocks of complex multicellular models and contain many input parameters within a large parameter space. A rapid systematic way of quantifying changes in model outputs due to input parameter variability would enhance mechanistic understanding. A parameter sensitivity study on input model conductances within the Courtemanche-Ramirez-Nattel (CRN) human atrial cell model was performed. Input maximal ionic conductances were varied by randomly scaling baseline model values, and used in single cell action potential (AP) simulations. Multivariable regression was performed to find regression matrix B which minimised differences between output Y and predicted Y * = XB. Regression values were mean-centred and normalized to SD, such that a +0.5 value implied parameter input 1SD above mean increased output by 0.5SD. AP determinants were compared (n = 100). dV=dtmax and Vamp showed strong sensitivity only to maximal sodium conductance GNa, whilst APD and tpeak were weakly sensitive to multiple conductances. Predicted outputs showed strong correlation to measured values: 0.880 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.998 for measured AP determinants. Multivariable regression is a novel tool for examining parameter sensitivity of the CRN AP model and offers rapid insight to the relative importance of input parameters to specific outputs.