Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rank-Aware Dynamic Migrations and Adaptive Demotions for DRAM Power Management

Modern DRAM architectures allow a number of low-power states on individual memory ranks for advanced power management. Many previous studies have taken advantage of demotions on low-power states for energy saving. However, most of the demotion schemes are statically performed on a limited number of pre-selected low-power states, and are suboptimal for different workloads and memory architectures. Even worse, the idle periods are often too short for effective power state transitions, especially for memory intensive applications. Wrong decisions on power state transition incur significant energy and delay penalties. In this paper, we propose a novel memory system design named RAMZzz with rank-aware energy saving optimizations including dynamic page migrations and adaptive demotions. Specifically, we group the pages with similar access locality into the same rank with dynamic page migrations. Ranks have their hotness: hot ranks are kept busy for high utilization and cold ranks can have more lengthy idle periods for power state transitions. We further develop adaptive state demotions by considering all low-power states for each rank and a prediction model to estimate the power-down timeout among states. We experimentally compare our algorithm with other energy saving policies with cycle-accurate simulation. Experiments with benchmark workloads show that RAMZzz achieves significant improvement on energy-delay2 and energy consumption over other energy saving techniques.
Microleakage of high viscosity glass-ionomer and glass-carbomer with and without coating before and after hydrothermal aging

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the microleakage patterns of GIC and GGC with and without their protective surface coatings on enamel and dentin margins before and after aging. Material and Methods: Two rectangular cavities (height: 2 mm; width: 3 mm; depth: 1.5 mm) were prepared on each tooth at the cemento-enamel junction were prepared on human permanent molars (N=56) and the teeth were randomly assigned to be restored with one of the following: a) high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tokyo, Japan) (n=28), b) glass-carbomer cement (GCC) (Glass Carbomer Products, Leiden, The Netherlands) (n=28). Half of the teeth were further divided into two groups where one group received protective surface coating (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n=14) and the other group did not (n=14). Half of the teeth were stored for 24 hours (n=7), and the other half was thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5-55°C) (n=7). For microleakage analysis, the teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, sectioned into two equal halves. Microleakage patterns were evaluated using stereomicroscope and scored on a scale of 0-3 (0: No dye penetration, 1: Dye penetration less than half of the axial wall, 2: Dye penetration more than half the axial wall, 3: Dye penetration spreading along the axial wall). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared to 24 h storage, after thermocycling, surface coating on GIC decreased microleakage significantly compared to GCC (p=0.046) but not for GCC. In the thermocycled groups, coated GIC showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin but no significant difference was found with both GIC and GCC in the dentin margins. Conclusion: The application of surface coating significantly reduced the microleakage scores of GIC but not GCC, within the enamel margins only.KeywordsGlass-carbomer; Glass-ionomer; Microleakage.
Defining the magnitude of measurement variability in the virtual histology analysis of acute coronary syndrome plaques.

BACKGROUND Previous intravascular ultrasound-based virtual histology (IVUS-VH) measurement variability studies have been confined to single-frame or short-segment analysis in stable patients with minimal disease. We sought to determine the magnitude of human measurement variability in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Prior to percutaneous coronary intervention, we performed IVUS-VH analysis in troponin-positive ACS culprit lesions. A total of 3840 IVUS-VH frames were analysed by two operators to determine intra- and inter-observer variability. The plaque constituent area and volumes were compared using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC); within-subjects standard deviation (WSSD, mm(2) or mm(3)) and the repeatability coefficient (RCO) to quantify the magnitude of operator error that 95% of future measurements should not exceed. The majority of intra- and inter-observer measurements had ICC of >0.92 confirming excellent agreement. Only the fibrous area (0.86), fibro-fatty (FF) area (0.72) and FF volume (0.87) had ICC levels suggesting an operator error >10%. However, the mean RCO and the percentage this represents in single-frame analysis (area error) varied across the plaque subtypes: fibrous area = 1.64 mm(2) (59%); FF area = 0.49 mm(2) (140%); necrotic core (NC) area = 0.39 mm(2) (21.3%); dense calcium (DC) area = 0.29 mm(2) (33.7%). For full lesion pullbacks (volume error): fibrous volume = 8.14 mm(3) (9.9%); FF volume = 5.63 mm(3) (53.8%); NC volume = 3.78 mm(3) (6.9%) and DC = 2.4 mm(3) (9.6%) CONCLUSION As in previous studies, intra- and inter-observer ICC suggests good agreement between observers. However, this can still represent large measurement error values and percentages. These findings could impact on the interpretation of previous studies and influence future studies using IVUS-VH measurements as endpoints.
Surgical Tool Classification in Laparoscopic Videos Using Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract Laparoscopic videos are a very important source of information which is inherently available in minimally invasive surgeries. Detecting surgical tools based on that videos have gained increasing interest due to its importance in developing a context-aware system. Such system can provide guidance assistance to the surgical team and optimise the processes inside the operating room. Convolutional neural network is a robust method to learn discriminative visual features and classify objects. As it expects a uniform distribution of data over classes, it fails to identify classes which are under-presented in the training data. In this work, loss-sensitive learning approach and resampling techniques were applied to counter the negative effects of imbalanced laparoscopic data on training the CNN model. The obtained results showed improvement in the classification performance especially for detecting surgical tools which are shortly used in the procedure.
Studying the Influence of the Pyrene Intercalator TINA on the Stability of DNA i-Motifs

Certain cytosine-rich (C-rich) DNA sequences can fold into secondary structures as four-stranded i-motifs with hemiprotonated base pairs. Here we synthesized C-rich TINA-intercalating oligonucleotides by inserting a nonnucleotide pyrene moiety between two C-rich regions. The stability of their i-motif structures was studied by using UV melting temperature measurements and circular dichroism spectra at different pH values under noncrowding and crowding conditions (20% poly(ethylene glycol)). When TINA ((R)-3-((4-(1-pyrenylethynyl)benzyl)oxy) propane-1,2-diol) is inserted, the oligonucleotides could form an i-motif at a higher pH than observed for the corresponding wildtype oligonucleotide.
An Extension of Clarke's Model With Stochastic Amplitude Flip Processes

Stochastic modeling is an essential tool for studying statistical properties of wireless channels. In multipath fading channel (MFC) models, the signal reception is modeled by a sum of wave path contributions, and Clarke's model is an important example of such which has been widely accepted in many wireless applications. However, since Clarke's model is temporally deterministic, Feng and Field noted that it does not model real wireless channels with time-varying randomness well. Here, we extend Clarke's model to a novel time-varying stochastic MFC model with scatterers randomly flipping on and off. Statistical properties of the MFC model are analyzed and shown to fit well with real signal measurements, and a limit Gaussian process is derived from the model when the number of active wave paths tends to infinity. A second focus of this work is a comparison study of the error and computational cost of generating signal realizations from the MFC model and from its limit Gaussian process. By rigorous analysis and numerical studies, we show that in many settings, signal realizations are generated more efficiently by Gaussian process algorithms than by the MFC model's algorithm. Numerical examples that strengthen these observations are also presented.
Parameterized block-based statistical timing analysis with non-Gaussian parameters, nonlinear delay functions

Variability of process parameters makes prediction of digital circuit timing characteristics an important and challenging problem in modern chip design. Recently, statistical static timing analysis (statistical STA) has been proposed as a solution. Unfortunately, the existing approaches either do not consider explicit gate delay dependence on process parameters (Liou, et al., 2001), (Orshansky, et al., 2002), (Devgan, et al., 2003), (Agarwal, et al., 2003) or restrict analysis to linear Gaussian parameters only (Visweswariah, et al., 2004), (Chang, et al., 2003). Here the authors extended the capabilities of parameterized block-based statistical STA (Visweswariah, et al., 2004) to handle nonlinear function of delays and non-Gaussian parameters, while retaining maximum efficiency of processing linear Gaussian parameters. The novel technique improves accuracy in predicting circuit timing characteristics and retains such benefits of parameterized block-based statistical STA as an incremental mode of operation, computation of criticality probabilities and sensitivities to process parameter variations. The authors' technique was implemented in an industrial statistical timing analysis tool. The experiments with large digital blocks showed both efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique.
Deletion of IKZF1 and prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND Despite best current therapy, up to 20% of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a relapse. Recent genomewide analyses have identified a high frequency of DNA copy-number abnormalities in ALL, but the prognostic implications of these abnormalities have not been defined. METHODS We studied a cohort of 221 children with high-risk B-cell-progenitor ALL with the use of single-nucleotide-polymorphism microarrays, transcriptional profiling, and resequencing of samples obtained at diagnosis. Children with known very-high-risk ALL subtypes (i.e., BCR-ABL1-positive ALL, hypodiploid ALL, and ALL in infants) were excluded from this cohort. A copy-number abnormality was identified as a predictor of poor outcome, and it was then tested in an independent validation cohort of 258 patients with B-cell-progenitor ALL. RESULTS More than 50 recurring copy-number abnormalities were identified, most commonly involving genes that encode regulators of B-cell development (in 66.8% of patients in the original cohort); PAX5 was involved in 31.7% and IKZF1 in 28.6% of patients. Using copy-number abnormalities, we identified a predictor of poor outcome that was validated in the independent validation cohort. This predictor was strongly associated with alteration of IKZF1, a gene that encodes the lymphoid transcription factor IKAROS. The gene-expression signature of the group of patients with a poor outcome revealed increased expression of hematopoietic stem-cell genes and reduced expression of B-cell-lineage genes, and it was similar to the signature of BCR-ABL1-positive ALL, another high-risk subtype of ALL with a high frequency of IKZF1 deletion. CONCLUSIONS Genetic alteration of IKZF1 is associated with a very poor outcome in B-cell-progenitor ALL.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis revisited: Case report with review

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by proliferation of bone marrow derived Langerhans cells and mature eosinophils. Their clinical features simulate common oral findings such as gingival enlargement, oral ulcers, and mobility of teeth, along with nonspecific radiographic features; hence, diagnosing such lesions becomes difficult for the oral physicians. These lesions are commonly seen in childhood; however, we are reporting a case of LCH in 29-year-old adult male. A provisional diagnosis of giant cell granuloma was considered based on history and examination, although the lesion was histologically proven to be LCH and was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining of S100 protein and CD1a antigen. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of diverse, nonpathognomical oral presentation of LCH that is easily misdiagnosed and overlooked by dentist.
Microstructural characterization and properties of selective laser melted maraging steel with different build directions

ABSTRACT A nearly fully dense grade 300 maraging steel was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing with optimum laser parameters. Different heat treatments were elaborately applied based on the detected phase transformation temperatures. Microstructures, precipitation characteristics, residual stress and properties of the as-fabricated and heat-treated SLM parts were systematically characterized and analyzed. The observed submicron grain size (0.31 μm on average) suggests an extremely high cooling rate up to 107 K/s. Massive needle-shaped nanoprecipitates Ni3X (X = Ti, Al, Mo) are clearly present in the martensitic matrix, which accounts for the age hardening. The interfacial relations between the precipitate and matrix are revealed by electron microscopy and illustrated in detail. Strengthening mechanism is explained by Orowan bowing mechanism and coherency strain hardening. Building orientation-based mechanical anisotropy, caused by ‘layer-wise effect’, is also investigated in as-fabricated and heat-treated specimens. The findings reveal that heat treatments not only induce strengthening, but also significantly relieve the residual stress and slightly eliminate the mechanical anisotropy. In addition, comprehensive performance in terms of Charpy impact test, tribological performance, as well as corrosion resistance of the as-fabricated and heat-treated parts are characterized and systematically investigated in comparison with traditionally produced maraging steels as guidance for industry applications. Graphical Abstract
Application of the using terawatt lidar system of the IAO SB RAS in the case of the remote sensing

A brief description of the unique femtosecond lidar is presented. A number of experiments were conducted on inclined remote sensing of the atmosphere above Akademgorodok, Tomsk (56 ° N, 85 ° E) via this lidar. Questions on the features of the propagation of femtosecond laser radiation, for example filamentation, generation of conic emission of a supercontinuum (SC) are considered. The most important characteristics of the femtosecond lidar system are determined with reference to the problem of remote sensing of the atmosphere, in particular, low cloud cover. The study has a pronounced practical additivity to the use of a femtosecond lidar system in remote sensing problems.
Semisolid forming of S48C steel grade

Steel production and component manufacturing industries have to face the challenge of globalization, trying to overcome the economic pressure to remain competitive. Moreover, the lightweighting trend of the latter years implies an even higher challenge to maintain the steel use. Therefore, advanced manufacturing processes will be the cornerstone. In this field, Semisolid forming (SSF) has demonstrated the capability of obtaining complex geometries and saving raw material and energy. Despite it is complicated the SSF of sound components, in Mondragon Unibertsitatea it has been successfully demonstrated the capability of producing strong enough automotive components with 42CrMo4 steel grade. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of SSF S48C steel grade with great mechanical properties.Steel production and component manufacturing industries have to face the challenge of globalization, trying to overcome the economic pressure to remain competitive. Moreover, the lightweighting trend of the latter years implies an even higher challenge to maintain the steel use. Therefore, advanced manufacturing processes will be the cornerstone. In this field, Semisolid forming (SSF) has demonstrated the capability of obtaining complex geometries and saving raw material and energy. Despite it is complicated the SSF of sound components, in Mondragon Unibertsitatea it has been successfully demonstrated the capability of producing strong enough automotive components with 42CrMo4 steel grade. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of SSF S48C steel grade with great mechanical properties.
Evaporation of large black holes in AdS: greybody factor and decay rate

We consider a massless, minimally coupled scalar field propagating through the geometry of a black 3-brane in an asymptotically AdS5 × S5 space. The wave equation for modes traveling purely in the holographic direction reduces to a Heun equation and the corresponding greybody factor is obtained numerically. Approximations valid in the low- and high-frequency regimes are also obtained analytically. The greybody factor is then used to determine the rate of evaporation of these large black holes in the context of the evaporon model proposed in [13]. This setting represents the evolution of a black hole under Hawking evaporation with a known CFT dual description and is therefore unitary. Information must then be preserved under this evaporation process.
Use of Ionic Liquids for Membrane-Based and Electrochemically-Driven Gas Separations

Ionic compounds that are liquids near room temperature (RTILs) have a number of properties (e.g. low volatility) which make them attractive as solvents, electrolytes and membrane materials. This paper discusses the use of membranes composed of RTILs for gas separations. used selectivities for and certain selectivity/permeability determined for dense polymer
Arla: a free AFS client

AFS is a world-wide distributed file system that supports several advantages over NFS, like better administration and availability. Arla is a free AFS-client, today available for a number of systems for which there are not any Transarc clients. Porting it to new systems is not hard. Arla also has some disconnected functionality and supports encryption of the data stream, features that are not present in the Transarc code. Our preliminary measurements of the un-optimized code shows that the performance of Arla is close to that of UFS.
Optimal Unateness Testers for Real-Valued Functions: Adaptivity Helps

We study the problem of testing unateness of functions f:{0,1}^d -> R. We give an O(d/\epsilon . log(d/\epsilon))-query nonadaptive tester and an O(d/\epsilon)-query adaptive tester and show that both testers are optimal for a fixed distance parameter \epsilon. Previously known unateness testers worked only for Boolean functions, and their query complexity had worse dependence on the dimension both for the adaptive and the nonadaptive case. Moreover, no lower bounds for testing unateness were known. We generalize our results to obtain optimal unateness testers for functions f:[n]^d -> R. Our results establish that adaptivity helps with testing unateness of real-valued functions on domains of the form {0,1}^d and, more generally, [n]^d. This stands in contrast to the situation for monotonicity testing where there is no adaptivity gap for functions f:[n]^d -> R.
Liquid air energy storage : process optimization and performance enhancement

Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) aims to large scale operations a~d-:_has caught the attention due to the advantages of high energy density, a highly competitive capital cost, no geographical constraints and environmental friendliness. However, the situation is getting more challenging due to its disappointed performance in the current configuration. This thesis focuses increase the system performance of the LAES technology, particularly through developing novel thermodynamic cycles for an increased use of the thermal energy and system optimization strategies. The improvements to the LAES mainly aim at two points: increasing power output by using compression heat and rising the liquification rate through external cold sources. To effectively use the heat, three integrated LAES systems with the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) are proposed, termed LAES-ORC-VCRC system, LAES-ORC-ARC system and LAES-ORC system respectively according to different cooling methods. External cold sources, such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), can be used to enhance air liquefication, and hence two integrated LAES systems, termed the LAES-LNG and the LAES-LNG-CS, are investigated and optimized.
Investigation of impact force on aluminium honeycomb structures by finite element analysis

In this study, the behaviour of aluminium honeycomb structures under low-speed impact has been investigated by experimental and finite element analysis method. The production of aluminium honeycomb composite structures was carried out using different adhesives of different widths and heights. The low-velocity impact experiments of the honeycomb structures produced were performed according to ASTM D7766 standard. As a result of the experiment, the force values which caused damage to the structure were measured according to the time, and the maximum force values were taken. Findings have shown that the decrease in cell width, the increase in cell height, and depletion of multiwall carbon nanotubes increase the maximum impact force values in honeycomb composite structures. It is seen that the results obtained by the finite element method and the experimental results are approximately 85% in agreement. There was no statistically significant difference between the results as a result of conducted t-test.
The Independent Contributions of Cognitive Impairment and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms to Everyday Function in Older Adults

The everyday functional capacities of older adults are determined by multiple factors. The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate whether apathy and depression have unique influences on degree of functional impairment, independent of the effects of specific cognitive impairments. Participants included 344 older adults (199 normal, 87 with MCI, 58 with dementia). The Everyday Cognition (ECog) scales were used to measure both global and domain-specific functional abilities. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of depression and apathy were measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and specific neuropsychological domains measured included episodic memory and executive functioning. Results indicated that worse memory and executive function, as well as greater depression and apathy, were all independent and additive determinants of poorer functional abilities. Apathy had a slightly more restricted effect than the other variables across the specific functional domains assessed. Secondary analysis suggested that neuropsychiatric symptoms may be more strongly associated with everyday function within cognitively normal and MCI groups, while cognitive impairment is more strongly associated with everyday function in dementia. Thus, a somewhat different set of factors may be associated with functional status across various clinical groups.