Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIGHT MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF BINDING SITES FOR HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN LUTEINIZED RAT OVARIES BY A PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY METHOD

It has been difficult to localize binding sites for gonadotrophic hormones histologically, although the selective uptake of hormones labeled with radioactive iodine by gonadal tissues has been demonstrated conclusively (2, 4-6, 8). However, methods relying on detection of radioactive iodine involve uncertainties related to iodination damage and difficulties in distinguishing between labeled hormone and labeled impurities originally present in the preparation used for iodination. Furthermore, it is difficult to know whether the label detected by these methods is still attached to the intact hormone or to a physiologically significant metabolite. Espeland, Naftolin and Paulsen (6) injected “I human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and studied its localization in mice by radioautographic technique. They described the accumulation of the label in the corpora lutea of the ovary, but the resolution of their radioautograms does not permit very precise localization. Moreover, they did not extend their observations to ovarian compartments other than the corpora lutea. Beals and Midgley (3) and Midgley and Beals (9) reported successful localization of HCG binding sites in the cytoplasm of lutein cells of the rat ovary after the incubation of frozen sections with intact or iodinated HCG, followed by application of immunohistochemical and radioautographic methods, respectively, to detect the bound hormone. These authors also limited their description to cells of corpora lutea, and they did not publish photomicrographs permitting comparison of their findings with those of other laboratories. In order to extend these observations and to achieve a more precise localization, we have attempted to demonstrate HCG binding sites in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of luteinized rat ovaries. We have treated the sections with unlabeled HCG, and used the peroxidase-labeled antibody method (10) to detect the hormone bound
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

1 Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western countries. The molecular mechanisms responsible for heart dysfunction are still largely unknown, except in cases of genetic defects or alteration of genes and proteins. 2 The publication of genome sequences from humans and other species has demonstrated the complexity of biology, including the finding that one gene does not encode for only one protein but for several, due to mRNA splicing and post‐translational modifications. 3 Proteomic analysis can provide an overall understanding of changes in the levels of protein expression. Differential proteomics is a powerful tool for improving our understanding of integrated biochemical responses. The main techniques used are two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2D‐gel) and Surface‐Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (SELDI‐TOF) to separate proteins associated with mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic tools make it possible to compare protein profiles obtained from diverse biological samples. 4 The combination of these approaches has proved to be particularly interesting for studying cardiovascular diseases and thereby improving our understanding of the mechanisms involved and identifying new biochemical factors and biomarkers involved in these diseases.
A Screen for Endocytic Motifs

Sorting signals for cargo selection into coated vesicles are usually in the form of short linear motifs. Three motifs for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis have been identified: YXXΦ, [D/E]XXXL[L/I] and FXNPXY. To search for new endocytic motifs, we made a library of CD8 chimeras with random sequences in their cytoplasmic tails, and used a novel fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)‐based assay to select for endocytosed constructs. Out of the five tails that were most efficiently internalized, only one was found to contain a conventional motif. Two contain dileucine‐like sequences that appear to be variations on the [D/E]XXXL[L/I] motif. Another contains a novel internalization signal, YXXXΦN, which is able to function in cells expressing a mutant µ2 that cannot bind YXXΦ, indicating that it is not a variation on the YXXΦ motif. Similar sequences are present in endogenous proteins, including a functional YXXXΦN (in addition to a classical YXXΦ) in cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4). Thus, the repertoire of endocytic motifs is more extensive than the three well‐characterized sorting signals.
Qualitative Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research

The era of community-based participatory research (CBPR) began years ago. It may have even started with the American Revolution, when angry colonists rallied under a banner of " taxation without representation " and demanded that their unwelcome despot change his ways. Much more recently, in the early 1990s, disability activists brought the slogan " nothing about us without us " to common usage. With its history of social marginalization, discrimination, and various forms of inhumane treatment, this particular community had had enough. Its members wanted to be included—not just as an afterthought, but also from the " get go " —in the research questions and policy platforms that involved them. Now, many communities are following suit, demanding respect, inclusion, and research methodologies inviting their active participation. An array of advocates supporting indigenous rights and decolonizing perspectives also make similar calls: Methodologies " of the oppressed " promote emancipation of our collective consciousness and instigation of progressive social movements through what has been referred to as " a hermeneutics of love in the postmodern world " (Sandoval, 2000, pp. 10–11). CBPR is steeped in local geography, culture, and rela-tionships—it is community based. CBPR is participatory when partnerships form between community members and researchers to address jointly shared priorities and research agendas. From the inception of the research purpose to the implications of the research endeavor, CBPR participants live up to the intent of mutual collaboration by actively working with researchers for social change. Because CBPR is nested in true-to-life environments, its results—discussions, critiques, and writings about methods , ethics, and outcomes—inform us not only about the health and illness features, but also of the resiliencies and strengths of the natural and built environments where people live, work, and play. Knowing what to ideally expect of CBPR begs the question of how to do it. Qualitative methods are dynamic, as are CBPR methods. To evolve our methods, we write. To keep our methods safe, relevant, and respectful, we write. To encourage representation within our methods, we write. These tasks riddle our written works. In the process , we learn basic lessons about ourselves, regardless of how we entered the research endeavor or what brought about our research collaborations. " Other people don't think like I do! " is perhaps the one common insight born of such collaborative efforts. Idealistic researchers may enter research settings expecting enthusiastic community members to fully " participate, …
Dynamic Programming Bipartite Belief Propagation For Hyper Graph Matching

Hyper graph matching problems have drawn attention recently due to their ability to embed higher order relations between nodes. In this paper, we formulate hyper graph matching problems as constrained MAP inference problems in graphical models. Whereas previous discrete approaches introduce several global correspondence vectors, we introduce only one global correspondence vector, but several local correspondence vectors. This allows us to decompose the problem into a (linear) bipartite matching problem and several belief propagation sub-problems. Bipartite matching can be solved by traditional approaches, while the belief propagation sub-problem is further decomposed as two sub-problems with optimal substructure. Then a newly proposed dynamic programming procedure is used to solve the belief propagation sub-problem. Experiments show that the proposed methods out-perform state-of-the-art techniques for hyper graph matching.
Effects of limited bandwidth communications channels on the control of multiple robots

We describe a distributed software system for controlling a group of miniature robots using a very low capacity communication system. Space and power limitations on the miniature robots drastically restrict the capacity of the communication system and require sharing bandwidth and other resources among the robots. We have developed a process management/scheduling system that dynamically assigns resources to each robot in an attempt to maximize the utilization of the available resources while still maintaining a priori behavior priorities. We describe a surveillance task in which the robots patrol an area and watch for motion, and present experimental results.
Depression, Physical Impairment, and Treatment of Depression in Chronic Heart Failure

Background and Research Objective: This study examines the contribution of attitudes about impairment to the relation between depression and physical impairment in patients with heart failure. It also describes the current status of antidepressant treatment in a sample of outpatients with heart failure. Subjects and Methods: A total of 32 depressed and 51 nondepressed patients with heart failure were recruited while seeking heart failure treatment in an outpatient heart failure or family practice clinic. Medical, functional, cognitive, and psychological measures were administered at baseline. Depression measures were readministered to the 32 depressed patients at 8, 16, and 24 weeks after the baseline interview. Results and Conclusions: Attitudes about impairment and perceived social support were the strongest cross-sectional correlates of depression. The strong association between physical impairment and depression was no longer significant after controlling for attitudes about impairment. In addition, attitudes about impairment predicted chronicity of depressive symptoms longitudinally after controlling for baseline depressive symptom severity. The relation between physical impairment and depression in heart failure is strongly related to how patients cope with impairment. These results call for the development of additional interventions to treat depression that focus on the emotional adjustment to physical impairment.
II. Stromal and Epithelial Cells from Rat Ventral Prostate during Androgen Deprivation and Estrogen Treatment — Regulation of Transcription

To identify the functional capacities of prostatic tissue, the expression of steroid hormone receptors, growth factors, oncogenes and particular enzymes was studied at the RNA level in isolated stromal and epithelial cells of rat ventral prostate (RVP) under different hormonal conditions (androgen deprivation, estrogen treatment). Slot blot and Northern blot analyses of isolated RNA resulted in characteristic changes: In the control prostate, androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was high in epithelium of intact prostate, but low in stroma. Its level was increased after castration in the epithelium during the initial 24 hours, whereas an only slight increase occurred in stroma after one week castration. The AR signal was not altered by estradiol treatment in epithelium and stroma. Conversely, the estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA, predominant in stroma and very low in epithelium, decreased after castration in stroma and epithelium within 24 hours and was absent one week later. After estrogen treatment the ER signal increased considerably in stroma. mRNA of both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were exclusively found in stroma. Both were low in controls and responded in a different way to castration and estrogen treatment within 24 hours. bFGF was increased in estrogen-treatment animals, while TGF-beta was induced by castration. Shortly after castration (2 hours) v-fos expression increased and reached a maximum after 6 hours, but was no more detectable after 12 hours in epithelium. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INTRACHROMOSOMAL EXCHANGE AT THE BAR LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA.

The Ab complexes in maizel-3 are adjacent, serial duplications whose members have retained synaptic homology and carry the phenotypically distinctive alpha and beta alleles. Certain of the alpha isolations from these complexes are anomalous in that they occur as nonrecombinants for marker loci, and thus are not ascribable to conventional crossing over. Our analyses4' I indicate that these alpha isolates are not the result of gene mutation of the adjacent beta element, or of multiple exchanges in short segments. Rather, they indicate that the nonrecombinant alpha occurrence involves a highly specified, physical loss of the adjacent beta member and that the homologue need not participate in the event. The mechanism proposed 6 to account for these losses of beta assumes that when pairing forces are initiated at meiosis, the adjacent members of the duplication may either (a) engage their counterparts in the homologue in regular or oblique synapsis, or (b) pair with each other intrachromosomally to form a double-loop configuration. In the latter case, an exchange between paired members would result in the loss or gain of one complete member of the duplication, depending on the strands involved. The consequences of this event in the case of Ab would be the occasional appearance of alpha strands that are nonrecombinant for markers among other alpha derivatives that result from crossing over in legitimately synapsed homologues and thus appear as recombinants. The bar duplication in Drosophila melanogaster affords a critical test of intrachromosomal recombination. As identified cytologically,7 8 bar represents a tandem, serial repeat of the seven bands of the 16A subdivision of the X-chromosome, and Sturtevant's9 analysis of unequal crossing over at the locus, in the light of this finding, can only mean that the 16A members of the duplication engage in oblique synapsis with counterparts in the homologue, and hence that the adjacent members are themselves synaptically equivalent. As shown in Figure 1, which illustrates intrachromosomal association of the 16A members of bar, exchanges posed at the chromatid level and occurring within the double loop should lead. to the removal or addition of one complete 16A member, no more, no less. At the phenotypic level these exceptions are expected to appear as strands that are nonrecombinant for outside markers. Moreover, analyses of salivary gland chromosomes of progeny of exceptional individuals should afford a precise determination of the extent of these changes at the cytological level. Materials and Methoas. -In the experiments reported here, bar-locus changes from B to B + (bar to normal), B to BB (bar to double-bar), BB to B (double-bar to bar), and BB to B+ (doublebar to normal), were sought among male, or where feasible, among male and female offspring of appropriately marked mothers. A map of a portion of the X-chromosome spanning the bar locus is given below f B od y flu
Proteinase-activated Receptor 2 ( PAR 2 ) Decreases Apoptosis in Colonic Epithelial Cells *

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease management lacks therapies that heal the epithelial barrier. Results: PAR2 activation increases activities of MEK1/2 and PI3K in intestinal epithelial cells, which blocks apoptosis. Conclusion: Cytokine-induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells is inhibited by PAR2 signaling. Significance: PAR2 is important in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression in HIV/AIDS patients aged 15–25 years at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression in HIV/AIDS patients aged 15–25 years in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Method: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional, and was carried out over a period of 16 weeks at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The study population included HIV/AIDS patients in the age bracket admitted into the hospital's medical wards, and those attending the HIV/AIDS clinic. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. Those who scored 8 and above were assessed clinically for depression using the International Classification of Disease Version 10 (ICD-10), and their depression classified into mild, moderate and severe. The severity of the depression of this group of patients was again classified as mild, moderate and severe using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Result: Of the respondents, 39.91% were found to be depressed, with stage of the disease, inability to afford medication, unemployment, lack of social support, inability to tolerate HAART and other drugs in the management of HIV, and CD4 cell (Cluster of Differentiation 4 T-lymphocytes subgroup, the cells specifically targeted by HIV) count level found to be associated with depression. Conclusion: Depression is a highly prevalent disorder in the study subjects. Based on these findings, it is recommended that a comprehensive psychiatric treatment strategy should be initiated using a biopsychosocial framework that includes psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality in affected patients.
Static trunk posture in sitting and standing during pregnancy and early postpartum.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the postural alignment of the upper body in the sagittal plane during sitting and standing postures as pregnancy progressed and then in the postpartum period. DESIGN Longitudinal, repeated-measures design. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory in an Australian university. PARTICIPANTS A volunteer convenience sample of 9 primiparous and multiparous women and 12 nulliparous women serving as a control group. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects were filmed while sitting and during quiet standing at intervals throughout pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess systematic changes in the alignment of the pelvic, thoracic, and head segments, and the thoracolumbar and cervicothoracic spines. Student t tests were used to compare the postpartum and nulliparous control groups. RESULTS There was no significant effect of pregnancy on the upper-body posture, although there was a tendency in some subjects for a flatter thoracolumbar spinal curve in sitting as pregnancy progressed. Postpartum during standing, the pelvic segment had a reduced sagittal plane anterior orientation, and the thoracolumbar spine was less extended, indicating a flatter spinal curve compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant effect of pregnancy on upper-body posture during sitting and standing, although individuals varied in their postural response. A flatter spinal curve was found during standing postpartum.
Mispricing and Exchange Market Systems: The Effect of Infrastructure Upgrades

We study the effects of an infrastructure change at the Deutsche Boerse in Germany. On April 23rd 2007, Deutsche Boerse released an upgraded version of their electronic trading system Xetra. We examine the impact that this upgrade had on the efficiency of prices, measured as the level of mispricing, in the underlying liquid cash market and derivative futures market. Our analysis shows that the level of mispricings is economically and statistically (significant) reduced by the system upgrade.
Effects of Varying Media, Temperature, and Growth Rates on the Intracellular Concentrations of Yeast Amino Acids

Variations of the yeast free amino acid pool under different culture conditions were studied in two Saccharomyces strains, the laboratory haploid strain S288C and the industrial fermentative yeast IFI256. The internal amino acid pool of both strains was measured when grown in laboratory (minimal and complete) versus semiindustrial (molasses with or without added biotin and/or diammonium phosphate) media, in fermentable (glucose, fructose, sucrose) versus respirable (glycerol) carbon sources, in different temperatures (22, 30, and 37 °C), pHs (2. 0–4.75), and growth rates (0. 018–0.24 h−1) in continuous culture, and at different phases of the growth curve in batch culture (lag, exponential, early and late stationary). Results indicated that environmental conditions, particularly the presence of amino acids in the media, enormously influenced the intracellular amino acid concentration. Higher values were detected in molasses than in laboratory media and in fermentable carbon sources (glucose, fructose, sucrose) than in glycerol. Variations in the amino acid pool along the growth curve were greater at 37 °C than at other temperatures; in all cases, the highest values were measured at the begining of the exponential phase. In continuous culture and at different growth rates, intracellular free amino acid concentrations increased by 3–10‐fold when the growth rate was lower than 0.05 h−1, representing 20–35% of the total (free plus protein) amino acid content and indicating that amino acid yield was a partly growth‐linked parameter.
The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study.

SUMMARY A collection of 267 strains, representing many of the principal biotypes among aerobic pseudomonads, has been subjected to detailed study, with particular emphasis on biochemical, physiological and nutritional characters. A total of 146 different organic compounds were tested for their ability to serve as sources of carbon and energy. Other characters that were studied included : production of extracellular hydrolases; nitrogen sources and growth factor requirements H-chemolithotrophy; denitrifying ability; pigment production; ability to accumulate poly-p-hydroxybutyrate as a cellular reserve material; biochemical mechanisms of aromatic ring cleavage; and nature of the aerobic electron transport system. The resultant data have revealed many hitherto unrecognized characters of taxonomic significance. As a consequence, it has become possible to recognize among the biotypes examined a limited number of species which can be readily and clearly distinguished from one another by multiple, unrelated phenotypic differences.