Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suspending and Reinstating Joint Activities With Dialogue

Interruptions are common in joint activities like conversations. Typically, interrupted participants suspend the activity, address the interruption, and then reinstate the activity. In conversation, people jointly commit to interact and to talk about a topic, establishing these commitments sequentially. When a commitment is suspended, face is threatened and grounding disrupted. This article proposes and tests a model for suspending and reinstating joint activities, using evidence from naturally occurring suspensions in the Switchboard corpus (Study 1) and from a laboratory experiment (Study 2). Results showed that long suspensions led to more politeness and more collaborative effort in reinstatement than short suspensions. Also, listeners were more polite than speakers in suspending joint activities. Overall, suspending and reinstating a joint activity was shown to be a collaborative task that requires coordination of both the topic and the participants' face needs.
Application of Intuitionist Fuzzy Soft Matrices in Decision Making Problem by Using Medical Diagnosis

Soft set theory is a newly emerging mathematical tool to deal with uncertain problems. In this paper, we proposed the definition of T-product of intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrices with examples. Finally, We extend our approach in application of these matrices in decision making problem, by using medical diagnosis. Keywords: Soft set, Fuzzy soft set(FSS), Fuzzy soft matrix, T-product of fuzzy soft matrix, Intuitionistic fuzzy soft set(IFSS), Intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrix.
PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator (PM-RSM) for mild hybrid vehicles: electromagnetic design

This paper introduces the conceptual design and finite-element method analysis of a permanent-magnet-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator for mild hybrid vehicles where a large constant power speed range (6:1) is required and machine volume, converter peak kVA, and battery size are the main constraints. Careful flux-barrier and permanent-magnet sizing, high magnetic saturation, and current density are the main requirements for maximum torque production with constraint volume. A specific tangential force density of 4.33 N/cm/sup 2/ is obtained. Rated (continuous) power-battery limited is 2.5 kW at 42 V dc, from 1000 to 6000 r/min. The peak torque of 140 N/spl middot/m is obtained at 202 A (rms/phase) and can be secured up to 500 r/min. Peak power is still 7.85 kW at 6000 r/min at 42 V dc with an efficiency of 90%. Preliminary results on a prototype are also available.
Specialized Peptidoglycan Hydrolases Sculpt the Intra-bacterial Niche of Predatory Bdellovibrio and Increase Population Fitness

Bdellovibrio are predatory bacteria that have evolved to invade virtually all Gram-negative bacteria, including many prominent pathogens. Upon invasion, prey bacteria become rounded up into an osmotically stable niche for the Bdellovibrio, preventing further superinfection and allowing Bdellovibrio to replicate inside without competition, killing the prey bacterium and degrading its contents. Historically, prey rounding was hypothesized to be associated with peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism; we found two Bdellovibrio genes, bd0816 and bd3459, expressed at prey entry and encoding proteins with limited homologies to conventional dacB/PBP4 DD-endo/carboxypeptidases (responsible for peptidoglycan maintenance during growth and division). We tested possible links between Bd0816/3459 activity and predation. Bd3459, but not an active site serine mutant protein, bound β-lactam, exhibited DD-endo/carboxypeptidase activity against purified peptidoglycan and, importantly, rounded up E. coli cells upon periplasmic expression. A ΔBd0816 ΔBd3459 double mutant invaded prey more slowly than the wild type (with negligible prey cell rounding) and double invasions of single prey by more than one Bdellovibrio became more frequent. We solved the crystal structure of Bd3459 to 1.45 Å and this revealed predation-associated domain differences to conventional PBP4 housekeeping enzymes (loss of the regulatory domain III, alteration of domain II and a more exposed active site). The Bd3459 active site (and by similarity the Bd0816 active site) can thus accommodate and remodel the various bacterial PGs that Bdellovibrio may encounter across its diverse prey range, compared to the more closed active site that “regular” PBP4s have for self cell wall maintenance. Therefore, during evolution, Bdellovibrio peptidoglycan endopeptidases have adapted into secreted predation-specific proteins, preventing wasteful double invasion, and allowing activity upon the diverse prey peptidoglycan structures to sculpt the prey cell into a stable intracellular niche for replication.
99 mTc SPECT / CT Versus Planar Lymphoscintigraphy for Preoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Cervical Cancer : A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

We aimed to compare SPECT/CT and lymphoscintigraphy on overall and bilateral sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in cervical cancer patients. Methods: A systematic search was performed on August 1, 2014, in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane library. The syntax was based on synonyms of the terms cervical cancer, SPECT/CT, and lymphoscintigraphy. Retrieved articles were screened on their title/abstract and considered eligible when an SLN procedure was performed using both imaging modalities and if detection results were reported. Two independent reviewers assessed all included studies on methodologic quality using QUADAS-2. Studies were pooled on their odds ratios (ORs) with a randomeffects model. Results: The search yielded 962 unique articles, of which 8 were ultimately included. The studies were recent retrospective or prospective cohort studies of limited size (n 5 7–51) but sufficient methodologic quality. The median overall detection ($1 SLN in a patient) was 98.6% for SPECT/CT (range, 92.2%– 100.0%) and 85.3% for lymphoscintigraphy (range, 70.0%– 100.0%). This corresponded to a pooled overall SLN detection OR of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2–5.3) in favor of SPECT/CT. The reported median bilateral detection ($1 SLN in each hemipelvis) was 69.0% for SPECT/CT (range, 62.7%–79.3%) and 66.7% for lymphoscintigraphy (range, 56.9%–75.8%), yielding a pooled OR of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7–2.1). No significant difference in the number of visualized SLNs was observed at a pooled ratio of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9–1.6). Conclusion: In cervical cancer patients, preoperative SLN imaging with SPECT/CT results in superior overall SLN detection in comparison with planar lymphoscintigraphy.
A channel state information feedback method for massive MIMO-OFDM

Combining multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) with a massive number of transmit antennas (massive MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive way of increasing the spectrum efficiency or reducing the transmission energy per bit. The effectiveness of Massive MIMO-OFDM is strongly affected by the channel state information (CSI) estimation method used. The overheads of training frame transmission and CSI feedback decrease multiple access channel (MAC) efficiency and increase the CSI estimation cost at a user station (STA). This paper proposes a CSI estimation scheme that reduces the training frame length by using a novel pilot design and a novel unitary matrix feedback method. The proposed pilot design and unitary matrix feedback enable the access point (AP) to estimate the CSI of the signal space of all transmit antennas using a small number of training frames. Simulations in an IEEE 802.11n channel verify the attractive transmission performance of the proposed methods.
Suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among general practice patients with chronic health conditions in Puerto Rico

Background: Little is known about suicidal ideation among general practice patients in Puerto Rico. In this study we examined the rates, severity, and correlates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among general practice patients with chronic illnesses. This is important in targeting appropriate interventions and management approaches to minimize and prevent suicide. Methods: We screened patients with chronic physical conditions at general practices. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Major depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module. The relationship between sociodemographic factors, depression and suicidal ideation was examined with multiple logistic regression analysis. Among the subgroup that acknowledged suicidal ideation, we used multinomial logistic regression analysis to estimate simultaneously the multivariate associations of depression and sociodemographic factors with suicidality risk levels. Results: Of the 2068 patients screened, 15.4% acknowledged recent suicidal ideation. Among this group, 8.6% reported passive ideation, 3.7% active ideation without a plan, and 3.1% active ideation with a plan or attempt. According to multivariate logistic regression, suicidal ideation was higher among patients with moderately severe depression and severe depression than for those with milder symptoms. Patients aged 64 years or younger were over one and a half times more likely to acknowledge suicidal ideation than those aged 65 years and older. Compared with patients having a college degree, those with lower education had a twofold higher risk of suicidal ideation. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that severe depression was associated with a higher likelihood of having a suicide plan or attempt. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that public health strategies focusing on the systematic identification of patients with increased depression severity and the implementation of evidence-based depression treatments are relevant for minimizing and preventing suicidal behavior among general practice patients with chronic health conditions.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Basic Expressions and Intensities Using K-Means Clustering

: Facial expression recognition provides rich information for human-robot interaction with respect to emotions. This paper presents a facial expression recognition method that recognizes facial expressions as well as intensity and mixture ratio of basic facial expressions. In this system, K-means clustering method is applied on Cohn-Kanade image database. Algorithms are adopted to align the input facial images to get texture features. A novel method is proposed to recognize mixture ratio of very basic facial expressions which comprises of 6 facial expressions viz. happy, angry, fear, neutral, sad and surprise and also the intensity of the expression. Back propagation algorithm is used to obtain the recognition scores, which are then used again to classify the facial expression results. Experimental results verified that the proposed method can effectively recognize the image and expression intensity and provides an accuracy of 98%.
Multi-objective optimization for shading devices in buildings by using evolutionary algorithms

The reduction of energy consumption is a major challenge around the world. Architectural aspects have a significant place to minimize energy consumption to the maximum level. The use of large glazed facades causes overheating problems in certain climatic regions. Shading elements must be considered at an early stage in the design process to overcome this problem. An application of the method is presented, focusing on the horizontal louvers integrated to a building in Izmir, Turkey. The contributions of the paper can be summarized as follows. We show that most architectural design problems are basically real-parameter multi-objective constrained optimization problems. So, any type of evolutionary and swarm optimization methods can be used in this field. A multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm (jDEMO), inspired from the DEMO algorithm from the literature with some modifications, is developed and compared to the well-known fast and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm so called NSGA-II in order to solve this complex problem and identify alternative design solutions to decision makers. Through the experimental results, we show that the proposed algorithm generated slightly better results when comparing to the NSGA-II algorithm.
Stochastic models of sequence evolution including insertion—deletion events

Comparison of sequences that have descended from a common ancestor based on an explicit stochastic model of substitutions, insertions and deletions has risen to prominence in the last decade. Making statements about the positions of insertions-deletions (abbr. indels) is central in sequence and genome analysis and is called alignment. This statistical approach is harder conceptually and computationally, than competing approaches based on choosing an alignment according to some optimality criteria. But it has major practical advantages in terms of testing evolutionary hypotheses and parameter estimation. Basic dynamic approaches can allow the analysis of up to 4—5 sequences. MCMC techniques can bring this to about 10—15 sequences. Beyond this, different or heuristic approaches must be used. Besides the computational challenges, increasing realism in the underlying models is presently being addressed. A recent development that has been especially fruitful is combining statistical alignment with the problem of sequence annotation, making statements about the function of each nucleotide/amino acid. So far gene finding, protein secondary structure prediction and regulatory signal detection has been tackled within this framework. Much progress can be reported, but clearly major challenges remain if this approach is to be central in the analyses of large incoming sequence data sets.
Preserving Dynamic Reconfiguration Consistency in Aspect Oriented Middleware

Aspect-oriented middleware is a promising technology for the realisation of dynamic reconfiguration in heterogeneous distributed systems. However, like other dynamic reconfiguration approaches, AO-middleware-based reconfiguration requires that the consistency of the system is maintained across reconfigurations. AO-middleware-based reconfiguration is an ongoing research topic and several consistency approaches have been proposed. However, most of these approaches tend to be targeted at specific contexts, whereas for distributed systems it is crucial to cover a wide range of operating conditions. In this paper we propose an approach that offers distributed, dynamic reconfiguration in a consistent manner, and features a flexible framework-based consistency management approach to cover a wide range of operating conditions. We evaluate our approach by investigating the configurability and transparency of our approach and also quantify the performance overheads of the associated consistency mechanisms.
The Physiological Period Length of the Human Circadian Clock In Vivo Is Directly Proportional to Period in Human Fibroblasts

Background Diurnal behavior in humans is governed by the period length of a circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the brain hypothalamus. Nevertheless, the cell-intrinsic mechanism of this clock is present in most cells of the body. We have shown previously that for individuals of extreme chronotype (“larks” and “owls”), clock properties measured in human fibroblasts correlated with extreme diurnal behavior. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have measured circadian period in human primary fibroblasts taken from normal individuals and, for the first time, compared it directly with physiological period measured in vivo in the same subjects. Human physiological period length was estimated via the secretion pattern of the hormone melatonin in two different groups of sighted subjects and one group of totally blind subjects, each using different methods. Fibroblast period length was measured via cyclical expression of a lentivirally delivered circadian reporter. Within each group, a positive linear correlation was observed between circadian period length in physiology and in fibroblast gene expression. Interestingly, although blind individuals showed on average the same fibroblast clock properties as sighted ones, their physiological periods were significantly longer. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the period of human circadian behaviour is mostly driven by cellular clock properties in normal individuals and can be approximated by measurement in peripheral cells such as fibroblasts. Based upon differences among sighted and blind subjects, we also speculate that period can be modified by prolonged unusual conditions such as the total light deprivation of blindness.
GuideArch: Guiding the exploration of architectural solution space under uncertainty

A system's early architectural decisions impact its properties (e.g., scalability, dependability) as well as stakeholder concerns (e.g., cost, time to delivery). Choices made early on are both difficult and costly to change, and thus it is paramount that the engineer gets them “right”. This leads to a paradox, as in early design, the engineer is often forced to make these decisions under uncertainty, i.e., not knowing the precise impact of those decisions on the various concerns. How could the engineer make the “right” choices in such circumstances? This is precisely the question we have tackled in this paper. We present GuideArch, a framework aimed at quantitative exploration of the architectural solution space under uncertainty. It provides techniques founded on fuzzy math that help the engineer with making informed decisions.
Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Functional Molecular Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subclass of breast cancers (i.e., estrogen receptor–negative, progesterone receptor–negative, and HER2-negative) that have poor prognosis and very few identified molecular targets. Strikingly, a high percentage of TNBCs overexpresses the EGF receptor (EGFR), yet EGFR inhibition has yielded little clinical benefit. Over the last decade, advances in EGFR biology have established that EGFR functions in two distinct signaling pathways: (i) classical membrane-bound signaling and (ii) nuclear signaling. Previous studies have demonstrated that nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) can enhance resistance to anti-EGFR therapies and is correlated with poor overall survival in breast cancer. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that nEGFR may promote intrinsic resistance to cetuximab in TNBC. To examine this question, a battery of TNBC cell lines and human tumors were screened and found to express nEGFR. Knockdown of EGFR expression demonstrated that TNBC cell lines retained dependency on EGFR for proliferation, yet all cell lines were resistant to cetuximab. Furthermore, Src Family Kinases (SFKs) influenced nEGFR translocation in TNBC cell lines and in vivo tumor models, where inhibition of SFK activity led to potent reductions in nEGFR expression. Inhibition of nEGFR translocation led to a subsequent accumulation of EGFR on the plasma membrane, which greatly enhanced sensitivity of TNBC cells to cetuximab. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting both the nEGFR signaling pathway, through the inhibition of its nuclear transport, and the classical EGFR signaling pathway with cetuximab may be a viable approach for the treatment of patients with TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1356–68. ©2014 AACR.
The Perception and Mimicry of Facial Movements Predict Judgments of Smile Authenticity

The mechanisms through which people perceive different types of smiles and judge their authenticity remain unclear. Here, 19 different types of smiles were created based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), using highly controlled, dynamic avatar faces. Participants observed short videos of smiles while their facial mimicry was measured with electromyography (EMG) over four facial muscles. Smile authenticity was judged after each trial. Avatar attractiveness was judged once in response to each avatar’s neutral face. Results suggest that, in contrast to most earlier work using static pictures as stimuli, participants relied less on the Duchenne marker (the presence of crow’s feet wrinkles around the eyes) in their judgments of authenticity. Furthermore, mimicry of smiles occurred in the Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oculi, and Corrugator muscles. Consistent with theories of embodied cognition, activity in these muscles predicted authenticity judgments, suggesting that facial mimicry influences the perception of smiles. However, no significant mediation effect of facial mimicry was found. Avatar attractiveness did not predict authenticity judgments or mimicry patterns.
Influence of Custom Trays, Dual-Arch Passive, Flexed Trays and Viscosities of Elastomeric Impression Materials on Working Dies.

INTRODUCTION Dual arch impression technique signifies an essential improvement in fixed prosthodontics and has numerous benefits over conventional impression techniques. The accuracy of working dies fabricated from dual arch impression technique remains in question because there is little information available in the literature. AIM This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of working dies fabricated from impressions made from two different viscosities of impression materials using metal, plastic dual arch trays and custom made acrylic trays. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study samples were grouped into two groups based on the viscosity of impression material used i.e. Group I (monophase), whereas Group II consisted of Dual Mix technique using a combination of light and heavy body material. These were further divided into three subgroups A, B and C depending on the type of impression tray used (metal dual arch tray, plastic dual arch tray and custom made tray). Measurements of the master cast were made using profile projector. Descriptive statistics like mean, Standard Deviation (SD) were calculated for all the groups. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for multiple group comparisons. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The gypsum dies obtained with the three types of impression trays using two groups of impression materials were smaller than the master models in dimensions. CONCLUSION The plastic dual arch trays produced dies which were the least accurate of the three groups. There was no significant difference in the die dimensions obtained using the two viscosities of impression materials.
Study of File System Evolution

File systems have traditionally been a major area of research and development. This is evident from the existence of over 50 file systems of varying popularity in the current version of the Linux kernel. They represent a complex subsystem of the kernel, with each file system employing different strategies for tackling various issues. Although there are many file systems in Linux, there has been no prior work (to the best of our knowledge) on understanding how file systems evolve. We believe that such information would be useful to the file system community allowing developers to learn from previous experiences. This paper looks at six file systems (Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, JFS, ReiserFS, and XFS) from a historical perspective (between kernel versions 1.0 to 2.6) to get an insight on the file system development process. We study the source code of these file systems over years to observe changes in complexity of the system and relate these metrics to the features and stability of file systems. We identified that only a few components in file systems are difficult to get right the first time. Also, file system developers do not learn from each others mistake. As a result they end up introducing the same bugs in file systems.