Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Order flow, information and trading behaviour in foreign exchange and equity markets.

It has been shown in the literature that under asymmetric information, trading process itself is a part of pricing mechanism and order flow is the vehicle of information transmission and has a profound impact on prices. This thesis is composed of three major closely connected parts on order flow economics: (1) exchange rate determination and inter-market order flow effect, (2) market conditions and order flow impact and (3) limit order execution and microstructure factors. The first part of this thesis empirically investigates the price impact of order flow in four major currency markets and the results show that order flow has strong impact on exchange rates in all four markets and over various sampling frequencies. In a new result, inter-market effect is discovered where exchange rate movements in one market can be explained by the order flow in other relevant markets. In terms of forecasting ability, the order flow model out-performs random walk model that has so far beaten all macro-based exchange rate models. The second part addresses the dependence structure between flow and price change in the FX markets and finds that flow-return relationship is not linear as assumed in the previous literature. Order flow tends to be more informative and has larger impact on prices when market spreads are large, volume is low or volatility is high. These results cannot be fully explained by existing micro structure models. The last part of thesis studies how limit order execution probability is affected by microstructure factors. Using the tick data from the London Stock Exchange, it is demonstrated that price aggressiveness, spread and potential market pressure have significant impacts on the limit order execution.
Airway Basal Cell Heterogeneity and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Basal cells are stem/progenitor cells that maintain airway homeostasis, enact repair following epithelial injury, and are a candidate cell-of-origin for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Heterogeneity of basal cells is recognized in terms of gene expression and differentiation capacity. In this Issue, Pagano and colleagues isolate a subset of immortalized basal cells that are characterized by high motility, suggesting that they might also be heterogeneous in their biophysical properties. Motility-selected cells displayed an increased ability to colonize the lung in vivo. The possible implications of these findings are discussed in terms of basal cell heterogeneity, epithelial cell migration, and modeling of metastasis that occurs early in cancer evolution. Cancer Prev Res; 10(9); 491–3. ©2017 AACR. See related article by Pagano et al., p. 514
Beihang University Facial Expression Database and Multiple Facial Expression Recognition

Over the last decade, significant effort has been made in developing methods of facial expression analysis. Because of the limited data sets of facial expressions, comprehensive emotional facial expression recognition that is essential in the areas such as affective computing and human-machine interaction has not been well studied. This paper provides the Beihang University facial expression database, which includes 25 facial expressions (18 pure facial expressions, 3 mixed facial expressions and 4 complex facial expressions) and provides data of many unique emotional facial expressions not appeared in other face databases. The questionnaire investigation of videos of 18 pure facial expressions shows the effectiveness of the data. Facial expression recognition experiment on 9 pure facial expressions demonstrates the feasibility of multiple facial expression recognition
Mutations in yeast Rad51 that partially bypass the requirement for Rad55 and Rad57 in DNA repair by increasing the stability of Rad51–DNA complexes

Yeast Rad51 promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange in vitro, but this activity is inefficient in the absence of the accessory proteins, RPA, Rad52, Rad54 and the Rad55–Rad57 heterodimer. A class of rad51 alleles was isolated that suppresses the requirement for RAD55 and RAD57 in DNA repair, but not the other accessory factors. Five of the six mutations isolated map to the region of Rad51 that by modeling with RecA corresponds to one of the DNA‐binding sites. The other mutation is in the N‐terminus of Rad51 in a domain implicated in protein–protein interactions and DNA binding. The Rad51‐I345T mutant protein shows increased binding to single‐ and double‐stranded DNA, and is proficient in displacement of replication protein A (RPA) from single‐stranded DNA, suggesting that the normal function of Rad55–Rad57 is promotion and stabilization of Rad51–ssDNA complexes.
An Economic Analysis of Innovation: Extending the Concept of National Innovation Systems

Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Explaining Basic Elements of the NIS Concept 3. The Development of the NIS Concept 4. The Specifics and the Usefulness of NIS Benchmarking 5. Development and Application of an NIS Performance Model 6. Summary and Outlook References Index
Up-regulation of IL-23p19 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by IL-17 through PI3-kinase-, NF-kappaB- and p38 MAPK-dependent signalling pathways.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-23p19 in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts and its up-regulation by IL-17 stimulation, and to define the signal pathways involved in the regulation of IL-23p19 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of IL-23p19 in RA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of IL-23p19 mRNA and protein were measured after the RA synovial fibroblasts were treated with recombinant human IL-17 and various inhibitors of intracellular signal pathway molecules using reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Levels of IL-23p19 in the sera and SF were much higher in RA patients than in osteoarthritis patients or healthy controls. The expression of IL-23p19 mRNA and protein was enhanced in RA synovial fibroblasts by IL-17 stimulation. Such effects of IL-17 were completely blocked by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-kinase/Akt, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In accordance with the expression of IL-23p19, the phosphorylation of IkappaB, Akt and p38 MAPK in synovial fibroblasts also increased after IL-17 stimulation. CONCLUSION IL-23p19 is over-expressed in RA synovial fibroblasts and IL-17 appears to up-regulate the expression of IL-23p19 in RA synovial fibroblasts via PI3-kinase/Akt, NF-kappaB- and p38-MAPK-mediated pathways. These results suggest that a disruption of interaction between IL-17 and IL-23p19 may provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of RA.
Technetium-99m-labeled rituximab for use as a specific tracer of sentinel lymph node biopsy: a translational research study

Purpose We aimed to develop and translate a CD20-antigen-targeted radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99 m-labeled (99mTc) rituximab, for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection. Methods 99mTc-rituximab was synthesized and tested for stability in human serum. The binding affinity to CD20 was evaluated in Raji cells by flow cytometric analysis. Biodistribution and sentinel node mapping were carried out in bal b/c mice. Eighty-five patients with breast cancer participated in this study. Dynamic sentinel lymphoscintigraphy was first assessed in 12 patients before planar lymphoscintigraphy was assessed in a larger cohort. All patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), followed by axillary lymph node dissection. Results The cell-binding study showed that 99mTc-rituximab possessed compatible affinity to human CD20. In the mechanism study, 99mTc-labeled anti-mouse CD20 monoclonal antibodies could bind to mouse CD20 and accumulate in the SLN with 2.62±1.25 % of the percentage of injected activity, which could be blocked by excessive unlabeled antibody. Low uptake of non-sentinel nodes and fast clearance from the injection site were observed in the mice. Sentinel nodes were identified in 82 of 85 breast cancer patients (96.5%) by lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.8% (30/31), 100% (51/51), and 98.8% (81/82), respectively. Conclusion 99mTc-rituximab, specifically binding to CD20, met most of the requirements of an ideal sentinel mapping agent for use in clinical settings.
Impact of the communication channel on information theoretical privacy

As private information of individuals become more accessible, data privacy evolved to be an important aspect of communication technologies. Among existing privacy definitions, the utility privacy trade-off model is suitable for the assessment of privacy due to its relation with the information theory and the rate distortion theory. In this paper, the effects of the transmission errors due to the wireless channel are studied with respect to the utility privacy trade-off in a wireless communication network. First, the transmission error probability is embedded to the existing trade-off definitions. Then, it is shown via numerical examples that binary and normal distributed sources comply with the limits that are set by the updated rate distortion equivocation and equivocation distortion functions.
Testing Long-Run Neutrality Of Money In A Developing Economy

The purpose of the present paper is to determine the long-run neutrality of money in a developing economy - Malaysia - using the Fisher and Seater (1993) approach. Since most of the earlier studies on long-run neutrality (LRN) have been tested on the developed countries, the present study adds to the current literature by providing evidence on LRN from the perspective of a developing country. Furthermore, in this study, not only we test LRN on the aggregate national output, but we also test LRN using disaggregate output. These disaggregate output are namely, the output of agriculture, manufacturing and services sectors. Generally, we found that narrow money M1 does not matter in Malaysia for the sample period, 1973: 1 to 1999:4. The output data at both aggregate and disaggregate sectors support the long-run neutrality of money in Malaysia. This implies that permanent changes in narrow money do not lead to changes in real output. This would suggest that the growth of money supply M1 is not the prime mover for the Malaysia's economic growth during the period under study.
Red cell distribution width is associated with acute myocardial infarction in young patients.

BACKGROUND There are few studies about predictors of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young patients. High red cell distribution width (RDW) levels were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with STEMI. We aimed to investigate the relationship between RDW and STEMI in young patients. METHODS This study included 370 patients who presented to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction (Group 1: 198 young patients, 〈 45 ages for male, 〈 55 ages for female, Group 2: 172 elderly patients) and 156 adults with normal coronary angiography as a control group (Group 3: 91 young patients, 〈 45 ages for male, 〈 55 ages for female, Group 4: 65 elderly patients). RESULTS Compared with Group 3, Group 1 had a significantly higher value of RDW (Group 1 RDW 14.1 ± 1.1%, Group 3 RDW 13.4 ± 0.9, p1 〈 0.01). Value of RDW was similar both of Group 2 and 4 (Group 2 RDW 13.7 ± 1.2, Group 4 RDW 13.5 ± 0.9, p2 = 0.1). After multivariate analysis, high levels of RDW were independent predictors of STEMI in young patients (OR: 0.337, p 〈 0.01) together with gender (OR: 3.725, p 〈 0.01), history of hyperlipidemia (OR: 25.172, p 〈 0.01) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.088, p 〈 0.01). CONCLUSIONS High levels of RDW were associated with STEMI in young patients. We think that RDW is a widely available marker with no additional costs, in contrast to other novel markers of cardiovascular risk.
Investigating the security controls of CAIS in an emerging economy

Computerized accounting information systems (CAIS) are becoming more readily available to all types and sizes of business. The increased growth in real‐time and online data processing in CAIS has made access to these systems more available and easier for many users. Therefore, implementing adequate security controls over organisations, CAIS and their related facilities has become a necessity. The main objective of this article is to investigate the adequacy security controls implemented in the Egyptian banking industry (EBI) to preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the banks' data and their CAIS through a proposed security controls check‐list. The security controls check‐list of CAIS was developed based on the available literature and the empirical results of previous studies. It includes many security counter‐measures that are empirically tested here for the first time. The entire population of the EBI has been surveyed in this research. The significant differences between the two respondent groups had been investigated. The statistical results revealed that the vast majority of Egyptian banks had adequate CAIS security controls in place. The results also revealed that the heads of computer departments (HoCD) paid relatively more attention to technical problems of CAIS security controls. This study has provided invaluable empirical results regarding inadequacies of implemented CAIS security controls in the EBI. Accordingly some recommendations were suggested to strengthen the security controls in the Egyptian banking sector.
Antibody response to feline herpesvirus-1 vaccination in healthy adult cats

Objectives Vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is recommended for all cats. However, it is unknown how adult healthy cats with different pre-vaccination antibodies respond to FHV-1 vaccination in the field. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 in healthy adult cats and the response to FHV-1 vaccination within 28 days of vaccination. Methods One hundred and ten cats (⩾1 year of age) that had not received a vaccination within the past 12 months were vaccinated with a combined FHV-1 vaccine. Antibodies against FHV-1 were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 by serum neutralisation test. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and response to vaccination. Results Pre-vaccination neutralising antibody titres (⩾10) were present in 40.9% of cats (45/110; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2–50.3); titres were generally low (range 10–640). Antibody response to vaccination (⩾four-fold titre increase) was observed in 8.3% (9/109; 95% CI 4.2–15.1). Cats ⩾2 years of age were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than cats aged between 1 and 2 years (odds ratio [OR] 24.619; P = 0.005). Cats from breeders were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than privately owned cats (OR 7.070; P = 0.007). Domestic shorthair cats were more likely to have an at least four-fold titre increase vs purebred cats (OR 11.22; P = 0.027). Conclusions and relevance Many cats have no detectable neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 despite previous vaccinations and fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination. This is likely because older cats and cats with a higher FHV-1 exposure risk are more likely to get infected with FHV-1 and thus to have FHV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Purebred cats more often fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination.
Genome Structure of the Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and Its Stability on Metalliferous and Nonmetalliferous Soils1[OPEN]

Evolution of an alpine genome involved an unusually high number of pericentric inversions, plausibly facilitating the evolution of heavy metal-related traits. Noccaea caerulescens (formerly known as Thlaspi caerulescens), an extremophile heavy metal hyperaccumulator model plant in the Brassicaceae family, is a morphologically and phenotypically diverse species exhibiting metal tolerance and leaf accumulation of zinc, cadmium, and nickel. Here, we provide a detailed genome structure of the approximately 267-Mb N. caerulescens genome, which has descended from seven chromosomes of the ancestral proto-Calepineae Karyotype (n = 7) through an unusually high number of pericentric inversions. Genome analysis in two other related species, Noccaea jankae and Raparia bulbosa, showed that all three species, and thus probably the entire Coluteocarpeae tribe, have descended from the proto-Calepineae Karyotype. All three analyzed species share the chromosome structure of six out of seven chromosomes and an unusually high metal accumulation in leaves, which remains moderate in N. jankae and R. bulbosa and is extreme in N. caerulescens. Among these species, N. caerulescens has the most derived karyotype, with species-specific inversions on chromosome NC6, which grouped onto its bottom arm functionally related genes of zinc and iron metal homeostasis comprising the major candidate genes NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE2 and ZINC-INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE1. Concurrently, copper and organellar metal homeostasis genes, which are functionally unrelated to the extreme traits characteristic of N. caerulescens, were grouped onto the top arm of NC6. Compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, more distal chromosomal positions in N. caerulescens were enriched among more highly expressed metal homeostasis genes but not among other groups of genes. Thus, chromosome rearrangements could have facilitated the evolution of enhanced metal homeostasis gene expression, a known hallmark of metal hyperaccumulation.
Highly Improved Gene Targeting by Germline-Specific Cas9 Expression in Drosophila

We report a simple yet extremely efficient platform for systematic gene targeting by the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 in Drosophila. The system comprises two transgenic strains: one expressing Cas9 protein from the germline-specific nanos promoter and the other ubiquitously expressing a custom guide RNA (gRNA) that targets a unique site in the genome. The two strains are crossed to form an active Cas9–gRNA complex specifically in germ cells, which cleaves and mutates the target site. We demonstrate rapid generation of mutants in seven neuropeptide and two microRNA genes in which no mutants have been described. Founder animals stably expressing Cas9–gRNA transmitted germline mutations to an average of 60% of their progeny, a dramatic improvement in efficiency over the previous methods based on transient Cas9 expression. Simultaneous cleavage of two sites by co-expression of two gRNAs efficiently induced internal deletion with frequencies of 4.3–23%. Our method is readily scalable to high-throughput gene targeting, thereby accelerating comprehensive functional annotation of the Drosophila genome.
Optical phonons in carbon nanotubes: Kohn anomalies, Peierls distortions, and dynamic effects

We present a detailed study of the vibrational properties of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs). The phonon dispersions of SWNTs are strongly shaped by the effects of electron-phonon coupling. We analyze the separate contributions of curvature and confinement. Confinement plays a major role in modifying SWNT phonons and is often more relevant than curvature. Due to their one-dimensional character, metallic tubes are expected to undergo Peierls distortions (PD) at T=0K. At finite temperature, PD are no longer present, but phonons with atomic displacements similar to those of the PD are affected by strong Kohn anomalies (KA). We investigate by Density Functional Theory (DFT) KA and PD in metallic SWNTs with diameters up to 3 nm, in the electronic temperature range from 4K to 3000 K. We then derive a set of simple formulas accounting for all the DFT results. Finally, we prove that the static approach, commonly used for the evaluation of phonon frequencies in solids, fails because of the SWNTs reduced dimensionality. The correct description of KA in metallic SWNTs can be obtained only by using a dynamical approach, beyond the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation, by taking into account non-adiabatic contributions. Dynamic effects induce significant changes in the occurrence and shape of Kohn anomalies. We show that the SWNT Raman G peak can only be interpreted considering the combined dynamic, curvature and confinement effects. We assign the G+ and G- peaks of metallic SWNTs to TO (circumferential) and LO (axial) modes, respectively, the opposite of semiconducting SWNTs.
Intraday liquidity dynamics around price jumps

We study the intraday dynamics of liquidity around price jumps using trades and quotes data sampled at the 2-minute frequency for the 30 constituents of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index. Based on an original event-type methodology, we shed new light on the debate about the liquidity response by market participants to information arrivals. Although the relationship between jumps and market liquidity depends on the respective dimensions of liquidity, jumps do not seem to result from an endogenous deficient provision of market liquidity. We complement the event study by showing that liquidity shocks in the effective spread and the number of trades contribute the most to the likelihood of jumps. Price jumps on DJIA stocks are also much more driven by the arrival of firm-specific news than by the arrival of macroeconomic news announcements. Finally, liquidity variables are shown to contribute to price discovery. The contribution of liquidity variables to price discovery is nevertheless not much affected by the occurrence of jumps or the arrival of news. Overall, order imbalance appears to be the most informative liquidity variable with respect to price discovery, especially after the arrival of news.
Environmental colour intensifies the Moran effect when population dynamics are spatially heterogeneous

Evidence for synchronous fluctuations of spatially separated populations is ubiquitous in the literature, including accounts within and across taxa. Among the few mechanisms explaining this phenomenon is the Moran effect, whereby independent populations are synchronized by spatially correlated environmental disturbances. The body of research on the Moran effect predominantly assumes that environmental disturbances within a local site are serially uncorrelated; that is, successive observations in time at a particular local site are independent. Yet, many environmental variables are known to possess strong temporal autocorrelation - a character which has often been described as 'colour'. The omission of environmental colour from research on the Moran effect may be due in part to the lack of methods capable of generating sets of time series with a desired colour and spatial correlation. Here I present a novel and simple method designated as 'phase partnering' to generate such sets of time series and I investigate the combined impact of spatial correlation and environmental colour on population synchrony in two common models of population dynamics. For linear population dynamics, and for a subset of nonlinear population dynamics, coloured environments intensify the Moran effect when population dynamics are spatially heterogeneous; in coloured environments the spatial correlation between populations more closely mimics the spatial correlation between their respective environments. Given that most environmental variables are coloured, these results imply that the Moran effect may be a far more significant driver of regional-scale population and interspecific synchrony than is currently believed.