Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mPuff: Automated detection of cigarette smoking puffs from respiration measurements

Smoking has been conclusively proved to be the leading cause of mortality that accounts for one in five deaths in the United States. Extensive research is conducted on developing effective smoking cessation programs. Most smoking cessation programs achieve low success rate because they are unable to intervene at the right moment. Identification of high-risk situations that may lead an abstinent smoker to relapse involve discovering the associations among various contexts that precede a smoking session or a smoking lapse. In the absence of an automated method, detection of smoking events still relies on subject self-report that is prone to failure to report and involves subject burden. Automated detection of smoking events in the natural environment can revolutionize smoking research and lead to effective intervention. In this paper, we present mPuff a novel system to automatically detect smoking puffs from respiration measurements, using which a model can be developed to automatically detect entire smoking episodes in the field. We introduce several new features from respiration that can help classify individual respiration cycles into smoking puffs or non-puffs. We then propose supervised and semi-supervised support vector models to detect smoking puffs. We train our models on data collected from 10 daily smokers and find that smoking puffs can be detected with an accuracy of 91% within a smoking session. We then consider respiration measurements during confounding events such as stress, speaking, and walking, and show that our model can still identify smoking puffs with an accuracy of 86.7%. The smoking detector presented here opens the opportunity to develop effective interventions that can be delivered on a mobile phone when and where smoking urges may occur, thereby improving the abysmal low rate of success in smoking cessation.
Simultaneous Sleep Transistor Insertion and Power Network Synthesis for Industrial Power Gating Designs

Sleep transistors in industrial power-gating designs are custom designed with an optimal size. Consequently, sleep transistor P/G network optimization becomes a problem of finding the optimal number of sleep transistors and their placement as well as optimal P/G network grids, wire widths and layers. This paper presents a fake via based sleep transistor P/G network synthesis method, which addresses the requirements from industrial power-gating designs. The method produces optimal sleep transistor P/G networks by simultaneously optimizing sleep transistor insertion and placement as well as the power network grids and wires for minimum area, maximum routability with a given IR-drop target.
Synthesizing animations of human manipulation tasks

Even such simple tasks as placing a box on a shelf are difficult to animate, because the animator must carefully position the character to satisfy geometric and balance constraints while creating motion to perform the task with a natural-looking style. In this paper, we explore an approach for animating characters manipulating objects that combines the power of path planning with the domain knowledge inherent in data-driven, constraint-based inverse kinematics. A path planner is used to find a motion for the object such that the corresponding poses of the character satisfy geometric, kinematic, and posture constraints. The inverse kinematics computation of the character's pose resolves redundancy by biasing the solution toward natural-looking poses extracted from a database of captured motions. Having this database greatly helps to increase the quality of the output motion. The computed path is converted to a motion trajectory using a model of the velocity profile. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm by generating animations across a wide range of scenarios that cover variations in the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic models of the character, the manipulated object, and obstacles in the scene.
Energy-Efficient Power Control for TDD MISO Systems

This paper addresses energy-efficient power control for time-division-duplexing (TDD) multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems. Assuming ideal channel reciprocity, the beamforming at the transmitter (TX) is based on the estimated channel state information (CSI) obtained from the pilot signal of the receiver (RX). We define the energy efficiencies of the TX and the RX separately and study their energy efficiency region. In addition, we seek a power control scheme that can achieve all the points on the Pareto boundary of the energy efficiency region. We propose to maximize the weighted system energy efficiency, which is the data rate divided by the weighted sum of the power consumption at the TX and the RX. A method based on the quasi-concavity of the weighted system energy efficiency is developed to solve the problem. Simulation results show that the proposed power control can achieve all the points on the Pareto boundary of the energy-efficiency region by varying the weight.
Power supply current [IPS] based testing of CMOS amplifier circuit with and without floating gate input transistors

This work presents a case study, which attempts to improve the fault diagnosis and testability of the power supply current based testing methodology applied to a typical two-stage CMOS operational amplifier and is extended to operational amplifier with floating gate input transistors*. The proposed test method takes the advantage of good fault coverage through the use of a simple power supply current measurement based test technique, which only needs an ac input stimulus at the input and no additional circuitry. The faults simulating possible manufacturing defects have been introduced using the fault injection transistors. In the present work, variations of ac ripple in the power supply current IPS, passing through VDD under the application of an ac input stimulus is measured to detect injected faults in the CMOS amplifier. The effect of parametric variation is taken into consideration by setting tolerance limit of ± 5% on the fault-free IPS value. The fault is identified if the power supply current, IPS falls outside the deviation given by the tolerance limit. This method presented can also be generalized to the test structures of other floating-gate MOS analog and mixed signal integrated circuits. *Part of the work presented is reported in a publication: S. Yellampalli, A. Srivastava and V.K. Pulendra, “A combined oscillation, power supply current and IDDQ testing methodology for fault detection in floating gate input CMOS operational amplifier,” 48 IEEE Midwest International Symposium on Circuits, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 7-10, 2005 is in publication.
Virtuous Persons and Virtuous Actions in Business Ethics and Organizational Research

ABSTRACT: The language of virtue is gaining wider appreciation in the philosophical, psychological, and management literatures. Ethicists and social scientists aim to integrate normative and empirical approaches into a new “science of virtue. ” But, I submit, they are talking past each other; they hold radically different notions of what a virtue is. In this paper, I shall examine two conflicting conceptions of virtue, what I call the reductive and the non-reductive accounts of virtue. I shall critically study them and argue that the non-reductive view is the best philosophical account of virtue and the only one that can account for the way we talk about virtue in business and in everyday life. We can only understand what it means to act virtuously through the examination of the attitudes, beliefs, desires, and inclinations of the virtuous agent. I shall illustrate the differences between the reductive and non-reductive accounts by considering the virtue of gratitude.
Capital Stocks, Capital Services and Multi-Factor Productivity Measures

Capital services measures have long been recognised as the appropriate concept to capture capital input in production and productivity analysis. However, only few countries’ statistical agencies construct and publish such capital services measures. This paper describes capital services measures developed by OECD and presents estimation methods and results for the G7 countries. By way of example, the consequences of applying capital services measures instead of measures of gross or net capital stocks in the computation of rates of multi-factor productivity growth are examined for three countries, the United States, France and Australia .
Telomerase and its extracurricular activities

The classical activity of telomerase is to synthesize telomeric repeats and thus maintain telomere length, which in turn ensures chromosome stability and cellular proliferation. However, there is growing evidence that implicates telomerase in many other functions that are independent of TERC being used as its template. Telomerase has an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity in the mitochondria. Other than viral RdRPs, it is the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that has been identified in mammals. It also plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a transcriptional modulator. Telomerase acts as a reverse transcriptase independent of its core subunit, TERC. Studies indicate that telomerase is also involved in apoptosis and DNA repair.
Impact of Inventory Management on the Financial Performance of the firm

In the present era, where there is a competitive world in the area of business it is very important to control various costs to sustain in the market. And the most importantly customer is to be considered as the most important part of any business. In such fast moving and rapid environment, inventory management plays an important role to make a control over the financial statement of the organization. Inventory involves in the whole process cycle of the organization as it starts with the shop floor to the top level management commitment. In this paper, we will discuss and analyze some of the parameters which directly show the impact of inventory management to the financial statement of the form. This paper also consists of different parts where the inventory management concepts are discussed, different inventory control techniques are discussed, and their interrelationship with the financial statement of the firm. This paper also introduces the various costs incurred due to the storage inventory, economic order quantities, reorder level, shortage costs, inventory methods.
Number : WUCSE-2005-31 2005-07-06 Real-time Power Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many mission-critical wireless sensor network applications must resolve the inherent conflict between the tight resource constraints on each sensor node, particularly in terms of energy, with the need to achieve desired quality of service such as end-to-end real-time performance. To address this challenge we propose the Real-time Power-Aware Routing (RPAR) protocol. RPAR achieves required communication delays at minimum energy cost by dynamically adapting the transmission power and routing decisions based on packet deadlines. RPAR integrates a geographic forwarding policy cognizant of deadlines, power, and link quality with new algorithms for on-demand power adaptation and efficient neighborhood discovery. Simulations based on a realistic radio model of MICA2 motes show that RPAR significantly reduces the number of deadline misses and energy consumption when compared to existing real-time and energyefficient routing protocols and beacon based neighborhood management schemes.
Towards a new summarization approach for search engine results: An application for Turkish

With the drastic increase of available information sources on the Internet, people with different backgrounds share the same problem: locating useful information for their actual needs. Search engines make this task easier only in certain ways; people still have to do the sifting process by themselves. At this point, automatic summarization can complement the task of search engines. In this paper, we consider a new summarization approach for Web information retrieval; i.e. structure-preserving and query-biased summarization. We evaluate this approach on Turkish Web documents using TREC-like topics defined for Turkish. The results of the task-based evaluation show that this approach has significant improvement over Google snippets and unstructured query-biased summaries in terms of f-measure using the relevance prediction approach.
High-sensitivity diamondmagnetometer with nanoscale resolution

J. M. TAYLOR1*, P. CAPPELLARO2,3*, L. CHILDRESS2,4, L. JIANG2, D. BUDKER5, P. R. HEMMER6, A. YACOBY2, R. WALSWORTH2,3 AND M. D. LUKIN2,3† 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 2Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 3Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 4Department of Physics, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, USA 5Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 6Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work †e-mail: lukin@physics.harvard. edu
Thank You For Your Time! Would You Mind Donating to Our Cause? The Effect of Gratitude on Prosocial Behavior

A random assignment experiment examined the effects of three expressions of gratitude on two prosocial behaviors: volunteering and making monetary donations to charitable organizations. The results indicated that two of the expressions of gratitude had a significant opposite effect on the two prosocial behaviors. Both a verbal thank-you speech and a hand written thank-you note, resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of pledged volunteer hours, while resulting in a significant increase in the amount of pledged charitable dollars. The third expression of gratitude, a ten dollar thank-you gift card, produced no significant findings for either prosocial behavior. The results of the experiment indicate that while volunteering and donating to charity are both prosocial behaviors, they each represent a different exchange relationship; volunteering, a social exchange and donating to charity, a market exchange. Each exchange is governed by a different set of norms and expectations. Violating these norms and expectations result in negative impacts on the prosocial behavior outcomes.
Political Ideology in American Politics: One, Two, or None?

Abstract Are Americans ideological, and if so, what are the foundations of their ideology? According to Converse’s seminal view, whatever the case in other western democracies and despite its centrality to traditional versions of textbook democracy, the American public is distinctly non-ideological. Our objective is to compare the standard and by far most widely used measure of political ideology—a measure that presumes ideology is one-dimensional—to a more recent measure that allows for a multi-dimensional conception and measurement. This measure demonstrates that while American political elites compete across a single dimension of conflict, the American people organize their policy attitudes around two distinct dimensions, one economic and one social. After explaining how we derived the measure and how it can be used to develop five separate ideological groups, we show how these groups differ politically and why it is not possible to map their preferences onto a one-dimensional measure of ideology.
An Energy-Efficient Key Management Protocol For Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

As wireless sensor networks are growing, the need for effective security mechanisms is doing so. In this paper, we propose Energy-Efficient Key Management Protocol, a cryptographic key management protocol, which is based on the location based group key scheme. The protocol supports the revocation of the compromised nodes and the energy-efficient rekeying. The design of the protocol is motivated by the observation that a unicast-based rekeying is not suitable for meeting the security requirements of periodic rekeying in wireless sensor networks. Our protocol supports the broadcast-based rekeying for low-energy key management and high resilience. For increasing complexity of encryption key, we use dynamic composition key scheme. Our protocol provides group management protocols for secure group communication. We analyze the energy efficiency of our protocol comparing with other key management protocols and simulate our protocol and other protocols in a network simulator.
Haemolysis as Influence & Interference Factor

Haemolysis is an important interference factor that must be considered when making Laboratory measurements. Its influence should not be ignored. Because of the automation of many analytical processes, including increased automation of the pre-analytical phase, screening test material for haemolysis is often lacking. In particular samples collected for complete blood testing in non-Laboratory settings have to be transported over longer distances because of the increasing consolidation of laboratories. As a result there is an increased risk of haemolysis during storage and/or transportation. Even if haemolysis is not visually detectable, a discharge of intracellular constituents into the plasma/serum can have occurred. If the tests are on patients with the haemolytic syndrome (in-vivo haemolysis), then differentiating it from in vitro haemolysis, mostly resulting from inappropriate specimen collection, is rarely possible. Consequently, analytical results are often false, fluctuating between either too high or too low, or giving unexpected pathological findings, for such measurements as potassium, LDH, AST, acid phosphatase, and/or neurone-specific enolase. The objective of this report is to point out the extent of haemolytic interferences in Laboratory findings, and thereby to decrease the number of inappropriate specimen collections and testing. Haemolysis Haemolysis is the release of intracellular components from erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes into the extracellular fluid, i.e. the plasma or serum1. Haemolysis is visible as a red colouration of the plasma or serum after centrifugation of the sample. Reports in the literature on the concentration of free haemoglobin, which is visible as a red coloration in the plasma or serum, varies between 100 and 300 mg/L. Haemolysis can lead to changes of a specific parameter in the test material. It is called a biological influence factor if the release of the blood-cell constituents took place in vivo. In vitro haemolysis is an interference factor if it occurs after specimen collection and changes the results of the analytical process2. Thrombocytolysis and granulocytolysis can also influence test results without visual haemolysis3. On examination of the coagulation process it is evident that thrombocytolysis is responsible for the higher concentration of a number of intracellular components in serum compared to the plasma. An intravascular destruction of leukocytes can lead to increased lysozyme levels in myeloid and monocytic leukaemia’s.
Endogenous nitric oxide regulates the recovery of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans from exposure to UV light

Deinococcus radiodurans (Dr) withstands desiccation, reactive oxygen species, and doses of radiation that would be lethal to most organisms. Deletion of a gene encoding a homolog of mammalian nitric oxide synthase (NOS) severely compromises the recovery of Dr from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. The Δnos defect can be complemented with recombinant NOS, rescued by exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and mimicked in the wild-type strain with an NO scavenging compound. UV radiation induces both upregulation of the nos gene and cellular NO production on similar time scales. Growth recovery does not depend on NO being present during UV irradiation, but rather can be manifested by NO addition hours after exposure. Surprisingly, nos deletion does not increase sensitivity to oxidative damage, and hydrogen peroxide does not induce nos expression. However, NOS-derived NO upregulates transcription of obgE, a gene involved in bacterial growth proliferation and stress response. Overexpression of the ObgE GTPase in the Δnos background substantially alleviates the growth defect after radiation damage. Thus, NO acts as a signal for the transcriptional regulation of growth in D. radiodurans.
Utility-based Resource Allocation with Bipartite Matching in OFDMA-based Wireless Systems

In order to efficiently utilize limited radio resources, resource allocation schemes in OFDMA-based wireless networks have gained intensive attention recently. Instead of improving the throughput performance, the utility is adopted as the metric for resource allocation, which provides reasonable methods to build up the relationship between user experience and various quality-of-service (QoS) metrics. After formulating the optimization problem by using a weighted bipartite graph, a modified bipartite matching method is proposed to find a suboptimal solution for the resource allocation problem in OFDMA-based wireless systems with feasible computational complexity. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
As Fathers and Felons

Dramatic increases in the American imprisonment rate since the mid-1970s have important implications for the life chances of minority men with low educational attainment, including for their health. Although a large literature has considered the collateral consequences of incarceration for a variety of outcomes, studies concerned with health have several limitations: Most focus exclusively on physical health; those concerned with mental health only consider current incarceration or previous incarceration, but never both; some are cross-sectional; many fail to consider mechanisms; and virtually all neglect the role of family processes, thereby overlooking the social roles current and former prisoners inhabit. In this article, we use stress process theory to extend this research by first considering the association between incarceration and major depression and then considering potential mechanisms that explain this association. Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,107) show current and recent incarceration are substantially associated with the risk of major depression, suggesting both immediate and short-term implications. In addition, consistent with stress proliferation theory, the results show the well-known consequences of incarceration for socioeconomic status and family functioning partly explain these associations, suggesting the link between incarceration and depression depends heavily on the consequences of incarceration for economic and social reintegration, not only the direct psychological consequences of confinement.
An Evaluation Method for Charging Facilities Siting

Due to the important roles in relieving energy crisis and environmental pollution, electric vehicles have been developed greatly. Charging facilities are linked to electric vehicles closely, and the accuracy of the charging area and scale affect their applications to a great extent. Based on the transaction data of the charging facilities in a city of northern China, this paper calculates the occupancy rate of these charging facilities and divides them by box plot. Then, we choose the data such as the surrounding environment of the charging facilities, the parking charging standard and the spatial location as well as the proportion of the own pile within 3km for analysis of variance. We found that the surrounding environment and the proportion of the own pile have significant effect on occupancy rate of charging facilities. Finally, according to the results of analysis of variance, the decision tree classification model of charging facilities is established. The results demonstrate that the model can identify the idle facilities.