Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovering from Operating System Errors

User applications and data in volatile memory are usually lost when an operating system crashes because of errors caused by either hardware or software faults. This is because most operating systems are designed to stop operation when some internal errors are detected irrespective of the possibility that user data and applications might still be intact and recoverable. Techniques like exception handling, code reloading, operating system component isolation, micro-rebooting, automatic system service restarts and watchdog timer based recovery can be combined together to attempt recovery of an operating system from a wide variety of errors. Initial experiments show that it is possible to continue running user applications after transparently recovering the operating system. In cases where transparent recovery is not possible, process-level recovery can be attempted as a last resort.
Analysis of Spectral Kernel Design based Semi-supervised Learning

We consider a framework for semi-supervised learning using spectral decomposition based un-supervised kernel design. This approach subsumes a class of previously proposed semi-supervised learning methods on data graphs. We examine various theoretical properties of such methods. In particular, we derive a generalization performance bound, and obtain the optimal kernel design by minimizing the bound. Based on the theoretical analysis, we are able to demonstrate why spectral kernel design based methods can often improve the predictive performance. Experiments are used to illustrate the main consequences of our analysis.
A 2D/3D Vision Based Approach Applied to Road Detection in Urban Environments

This paper presents an approach for road detection based on image segmentation. This segmentation is resulted from merging 2D and 3D image processing data from a stereo vision system. The 2D layer returns a matrix containing pixel's clusters based on the Watershed transform. Whereas the 3D layer return labels, that are classified by the V-Disparity technique, to free spaces, obstacles and non-classified area. Thus, a feature's descriptor for each cluster is composed with features from both layers. The road pattern recognition was performed by an artificial neural network, trained to obtain a final result from this feature's descriptor. The proposed work reports real experiments carried out in a challenging urban environment to illustrate the validity and application of this approach.
Reciprocal Regulation of SH3 and SH2 Domain Binding via Tyrosine Phosphorylation of a Common Site in CD3ε1

Recruitment of cellular signaling proteins by the CD3 polypeptides of the TCR complex mediates T cell activation. We have screened a human Src homology 3 (SH3) domain phage display library for proteins that can bind to the proline-rich region of CD3ε. This screening identified Eps8L1 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8-like 1) together with the N-terminal SH3 domain of Nck1 and Nck2 as its preferred SH3 partners. Studies with recombinant proteins confirmed strong binding of CD3ε to Eps8L1 and Nck SH3 domains. CD3ε bound well also to Eps8 and Eps8L3, and modestly to Eps8L2, but not detectably to other SH3 domains tested. Interestingly, binding of Nck and Eps8L1 SH3 domains was mapped to a PxxDY motif that shared its tyrosine residue (Y166) with the ITAM of CD3ε. Phosphorylation of this residue abolished binding of Eps/Nck SH3 domains in peptide spot filter assays, as well as in cells cotransfected with a dominantly active Lck kinase. TCR ligation-induced binding and phosphorylation-dependent loss of binding were also demonstrated between Eps8L1 and endogenous CD3ε in Jurkat T cells. Thus, phosphorylation of Y166 serves as a molecular switch during T cell activation that determines the capacity of CD3ε to interact with either SH3 or SH2 domain-containing proteins.
Investigations of Human Question Answering

The development and testing of QUEST, a model of human question answering, are reported. QUEST accounts for answers adults produce for different categories of open-class questions. identifying the information sources associated with the content words in questions. Each information source is organized in a conceptual graph structure. The model suggests three convergence mechanisms that narrow the node space from dozens/hundreds to a handful of nodes that serve as ,. )od answers to a question. These mechanisms include: an arc search procedure to restrict the search; answer quality decrease as a function of structural distance; and a constraint satisfaction component to prune out potential answers that are conceptually incompatible with the queried node. QUEST was tested in four informational contexts: (1) expository texts on scientific mechanisms (192 and 162 college undergraduates); (2) narrative texts (110 undergraduates); (3) generic knowledge structures (500 trials with college students); and (4) situations with complex pragmatic constraints (telephone surveys of 336 citizens, interviews with 144 clerks, and filmed interviews using 436 questions). The model successfully predicted the likelihood of generating answers and the goodness-of-answer judgments. Seven tables and 10 figures present study data. (Author/SLD) **,*ftri********************************************A*******0***A******ItA Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********g************************************************************** S 01PAR1Iort4T tour.m. 10w r 4,0 -vt isifrsb,A, , "CIYA f ty*f.P f"1 . f, 01. , -roe. e
Five Years of Software Architecture Checking: A Case Study of Eclipse

Over time, source code tends to drift from the intended software architecture, often resulting in the loss of desired software qualities. To help keep code aligned with the intended architecture, the developers of core parts of the open source Eclipse platform introduced API Tools to express and check architectural rules. Researchers analyzed five years of Eclipse architecture-checking reports that API Tools produced. They investigated what kinds of rules the developers found helpful to check, how code diverged from the intended architecture, and how the developers dealt with architectural violations over time. This article is part of a special issue on Software Architecture.
Energy-aware node placement in wireless sensor networks

One of the main design issues for wireless sensor networks is the sensor placement problem. We formulate a constrained multivariable nonlinear programming problem to determine both the locations of the sensor nodes and data transmission pattern. Our two objectives are to maximize the network lifetime and to minimize the application-specific total cost, given a fixed number of sensor nodes in a region with a certain coverage requirement. We first study a linear network, and find optimal placement strategies numerically. Through numerical results, we show that the optimal node placement strategies provide significant benefit over a commonly used uniform placement scheme. Furthermore, we also present a performance bound as a benchmark. Lastly, we extend the results to a more sophisticated planar network, and use numerical results to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies.
Anoamaly intrusion detection method based on Rough Set Theory

Rough Set Theory has been widely used in pattern recognition. In this paper, the rough set theory has been applied to the intrusion detection. An effective method based rough set for anomaly intrusion detection with low overhead and high efficiency has been presented. The method is based on Rough Set Theory to extract a set of detection rules with a minimal size as the normal behavior model from the system call sequences generated during the normal execution of a process. It is capable of detecting the abnormal operating status of a process and thus reporting a possible intrusion. This method requires a smaller size of training data set compared with other methods, less effort to collect training data and is more suitable for real-time detection. Experimental results show that this method is promising in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency.
A novel fibronectin binding site required for fibronectin fibril growth during matrix assembly

Fibronectin (FN) assembly into a fibrillar extracellular matrix is a stepwise process requiring participation from multiple FN domains. Fibril formation is regulated in part by segments within the first seven type III repeats (III1–7). To define the specific function(s) of this region, recombinant FNs (recFNs) containing an overlapping set of deletions were tested for the ability to assemble into fibrils. Surprisingly, recFN lacking type III repeat III1 (FNΔIII1), which contains a cryptic FN binding site and has been suggested to be essential for fibril assembly, formed a matrix identical in all respects to a native FN matrix. Similarly, displacement of the cell binding domain in repeats III9–10 to a position close to the NH2-terminal assembly domain, as well as a large deletion spanning repeats III4–7, had no effect on assembly. In contrast, two deletions that included repeat III2, ΔIII1–2 and ΔIII2–5, caused significant reductions in fibril elongation, although binding of FN to the cell surface and initiation of assembly still proceeded. Using individual repeats in binding assays, we show that III2 but not III1 contains an FN binding site. Thus, these results pinpoint repeat III2 as an important module for FN–FN interactions during fibril growth.
Sequencing and characterization of A-2 plaque virus: A new member of the Picornaviridae family.

A-2 plaque virus (A2 virus) was originally isolated from the icteric-phase sera of US servicemen with viral hepatitis in the 1960s, but apart from a preliminary characterization little is known about the agent. We have now successfully cloned and sequenced the complete viral genome. A2 viral RNA consists of 7312 nucleotides, excluding the 62 nucleotide poly(A) tract at the 3' end, with one large open reading frame. Although clearly a member of the Picornaviridae, there is low homology to the available sequences, suggesting it is only loosely related to the classic rhino/enterovirus genus. In addition, there was no reactivity with group specific monoclonal antibody blends against polioviruses, enteroviruses 70 and 71, coxsackievirus B, and echoviruses. Two tamarins were inoculated with A2 virus to study viral pathogenesis. Both animals that received A2 virus became transiently viremic 1 week after the infection, as determined by RT-PCR, and they developed an antibody response to A2 virus. However, no physical signs or biochemical abnormalities, including elevated liver transaminases, were observed. In addition, no liver samples from patients with fulminant hepatitis (n = 7) or controls (n = 7) were positive for A2 viral RNA nor was anti-A2 neutralizing antibody detected in sera from hepatitis patients (n = 14), healthy laboratory donors (n = 14), or US blood donors (n = 33); however, most sera contained antibodies reactive with A2 virus proteins. These results suggest that A2 virus is a new member of the Picornaviridae but that its pathogenicity in nonhuman primates and association with human disease still need to be determined.
WATER VOLUME CHANGE IN THE LOWER MEKONG FROM SATELLITE ALTIMETRY AND IMAGERY DATA

We have analysed satellite altimetry data from the ERS-2, ENVISAT and Topex/Poseidon satellites to construct water level time series over a 8-year period (from April 1996 to April 2004) over the lower Mekong River basin. The study area includes the Tonle Sap Lake, seasonally inundated areas and several branches of the hydrographic network of the Mekong delta. We found a very strong seasonal signal over the main river north of 13°N, the Tonle Sap Lake and Tonle Sap River, with amplitudes reaching 8-10 meters annually. We also found a clear interannual signal in altimetry-derived water level time-series. For example, year 1999 had weak floods (around 6 m amplitude), contrasting with year 2000 during which strong flood was noticed (around 10 m amplitude). Southward, we also observed large seasonal fluctuations (2-3 m) over inundated floodplains, as identified using satellite imagery data from the SPOT-4 Vegetation instrument. Depending on the location, quite different annual amplitudes were observed, the closer to the Mekong mouth, the smaller the signal (less than 0.5 m seasonal amplitude). Using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data from the Vegetation instrument, we studied the seasonal extent of flood plains in the delta. Then combining the areal extent of floods with water levels estimated from the ERS-2/ENVISAT data, we computed maps of monthly surface water volume change over six successive years (1998-2003), the period of availability of the NDVI data. Averaged over the lower Mekong basin, this surface water volume change was then compared to the total (i.e., surface plus underground) water volume change inferred from the GRACE satellite. They exhibit in phase fluctuations.
Non-Invasive Determination of Novel Aorto-Ventricular Matching from Doppler Echocardiography

Aorto-ventricular matching (AVM), the ratio of aortic elastance (Ea) and left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance (Ees), provides a framework for analyzing the interaction between LV function and aortic impedance. In the optimal condition, LV elastance (the energy source) and aortic elastance (the load) are coupled to maximize the amount of energy transferred from the source to the load. Conversely, mismatch between impaired LV function and increased aortic stiffness decrease efficiency of ventricular work transfer. The goal of this study was to propose, develop and validate a method to estimate A VM in humans from noninvasive single-beat parameters using Doppler echocardiography. This approach may broaden the clinical applicability of this useful parameter for assessing aorto-ventricular interaction and therapeutic response.
Additive approximation for bounded degree survivable network design

We study a general network design problem with additional degree constraints. Given connectivity requirements ruv for all pairs of vertices, a Steiner network is a graph in which there are at least ruv edge-disjoint paths between u and v for all pairs of vertices u,v. In the MINIMUM BOUNDED-DEGREE STEINER NETWORK problem, we are given an undirected graph G with an edge cost for each edge, a connectivity requirement ruv for each pair of vertices u and v, and a degree upper bound for each vertex v. The task is to find a minimum cost Steiner network which satisfies all the degree upper bounds. The aim of this paper is to design approximation algorithms that minimize the total cost and the degree violation simultaneously. Our main results are the following: There is a polynomial time algorithm which returns a Steiner forest of cost at most 2 OPT and the degree violation at each vertex is at most 3 ,where OPT is the cost of an optimal solution which satisfies all the degree bounds. There is a polynomial time algorithm which returns a Steiner network of cost at most 2 OPT and the degree violation at each vertex is at most 6r max +3 ,where OPT is the cost of an optimal solution which satisfies all the degree bounds, and r max := max u,v {r uv}. These results achieve the best known guarantees for both the total cost and the degree violation simultaneously. As corollaries, these results provide the first additive approximation algorithms for finding low degree subgraphs including Steiner forests, k -edge-connected subgraphs, and Steiner networks. The algorithms develop on the iterative relaxation method applied to a natural linear programming relaxation as in [10, 16, 22]. The new algorithms avoid paying a multiplicative factor of two on the degree bounds even though the algorithm can only pick edges with fractional value 1/2 . This is based on a stronger characterization of the basic so-algorithm is nearly tight.
Transformation-based learning of danish stress assignment

In Danish, as in other languages, prosody assignment is fairly well described as a function of lexical and syntactic structure. So in principle, prosodic clue assignment should be open to machine learning techniques. This paper presents an experiment using transformation-based ML for unsupervised learning of Danish main stress assignment. The trained stress assigner is compared to the leading Danish text-to-speech system. In conclusion, ML for prosody assignment is advocated as an attractive alternative to naive word mapping as well as to labour-intensive grammar writing.
Investigating the effect of explicit and implicit instruction on the acquisition of verb + noun collocations: a case of L2 Egyptian learners

I would like to extend my sincerest thanks and gratitude to My adviser, Dr. Lori Fredricks, for her invaluable and precious input and guidance My second reader, Dr. Marilyn Plumlee & my third reader, Dr. Robert Williams for their extensive feedback and support My role model Dr. Manar Shalaby, for her great support and encouragement My family, Hesham, Hayam, Manar, Abdelrahman, Hany, Haitham, Madiha & Essam for always standing by me in all my endeavors My friends, Mona, Lydia, Dina and Karim For their support Dr. Atta Gerbil for his great guidance Without their help and encouragement, this thesis would never have been accomplished.
Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self

A popular new image of Witches has arisen in recent years, due largely to movies like The Craft, Practical Magic, and Simply Irresistible and television shows such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, and Charmed . Here, young sexy Witches use magic and Witchcraft to gain control over their lives and fight evil. Then there is the depiction in the Harry Potter books: Witchcraft is a gift that unenlightened Muggles (everyday people) lack. In both types of portrayals, being a Witch is akin to being a superhero. At the other end of the spectrum, wary adults assume that Witches engage in evil practices that are misguided at best and dangerous at worst. Yet, as Helen A. Berger and Douglas Ezzy show in this in-depth look into the lives of teenage Witches, the reality of their practices, beliefs, values, and motivations is very different from the sensational depictions we see in popular culture. Drawing on extensive research across three countries-the United States, England, and Australia-and interviews with young people from diverse backgrounds, what they find are highly spiritual and self-reflective young men and women attempting to make sense of a postmodern world via a religion that celebrates the earth and emphasizes self-development. The authors trace the development of Neo-Paganism (an umbrella term used to distinguish earth-based religions from the pagan religions of ancient cultures) from its start in England during the 1940s, through its growing popularity in the decades that followed, up through its contemporary presence on the Internet. Though dispersed and disorganized, Neo-Pagan communities, virtual and real, are shown to be an important part of religious identity particularly for those seeking affirmation during the difficult years between childhood and adulthood.
De evaluatie van een leiderschapstraining.

In dit onderzoek werd de effectiviteit van de training “effectief leiderschap” getest. Het design dat hiervoor is gebruikt, is de internal referencing strategie. Er zijn 119 proefpersonen getest op verschillende leiderschapsvaardigheden voor en na de training. Het testen is gedaan door middel van een 360 gradenfeedback instrument. Met behulp van repeated measures analyses zijn de verschillen tussen de voor en de nameting vergeleken voor de verschillende vaardigheden. Ook zijn de interactie effecten voor “tijd” en “relevantie”getest, waarbij relevantie staat voor de wel of niet getrainde leiderschapsvaardigheden. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat deze training effectief is geweest voor deze steekproef. De mogelijke verklaringen hiervoor worden besproken. Ten slotte worden de eventuele limitaties van deze studie uitgelegd.
New Strategies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Redefining Prognostic Markers to Guide Therapy

Although standard therapy for AML has been relatively constant over the past 2 decades, this may be changing with enhanced technologies allowing for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) into molecularly distinct subsets. Some specific subsets of AML have an excellent prognosis in response to standard therapy, whereas the poor prognosis of AML associated with specific sets of mutations or chromosomal anomalies requires the development of new therapies. Elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of AML has led to the development of therapies that affect signaling, apoptosis, protein and intermediate metabolism, the surface of the leukemia cell, leukemia cell/stromal interaction, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5163–71. ©2012 AACR.
Genotype-Environment Interaction: Effect of Housing Conditions on Water Maze Performance in C57BL/6 and 129/SVEV Inbred Mouse Strains

The Morris water maze (MWM) has been widely used as a diagnostic tool to detect alterations in hippocampal-dependent learning induced by pharmacological or genetic manipulations in rats and mice. However, with the frequent use of the paradigm some questions have arisen regarding the complex nature of the effects of environmental and biological factors that influence behavioral performance of rodents in this task. One of the most contentious issues is whether MWM can consistently detect genetic differences independent of environmental, i.e., laboratory and experimental conditions. In the present paper, we demonstrate that changes in environmental factors, due to holding mice in large vs. small home cages, can lead to significant and robust spatial learning alterations in one inbred strain (C57BL/6) while having minimal or no effects on another (129/SVEV). The detected genotype-environment interaction underscores the need for experimenters to diligently control and document all possible environmental factors in order to make their results comparable across multiple test environments and laboratories.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Effect of Angle Variation on Water Permeability through Hourglass-Shaped Nanopores

Water transport through aquaporin water channels occurs extensively in cell membranes. Hourglass-shaped (biconical) pores resemble the geometry of these aquaporin channels and therefore attract much research attention. We assumed that hourglass-shaped nanopores are capable of high water permeation like biological aquaporins. In order to prove the assumption, we investigated nanoscale water transport through a model hourglass-shaped pore using molecular dynamics simulations while varying the angle of the conical entrance and the total nanopore length. The results show that a minimal departure from optimized cone angle (e.g., 9° for 30 Å case) significantly increases the osmotic permeability and that there is a non-linear relationship between permeability and the cone angle. The analysis of hydrodynamic resistance proves that the conical entrance helps to reduce the hydrodynamic entrance hindrance. Our numerical and analytical results thus confirm our initial assumption and suggest that fast water transport can be achieved by adjusting the cone angle and length of an hourglass-shaped nanopore.