Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From understanding of color perception to dynamical systems by manifold learning

Let us start with a seemingly unrelated field to that described in the article by Yair et al. (1) in PNAS. The field of psychophysics deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena. An excellent example is the scientific community’s early efforts to study the human perception of color. Scientists have been intrigued by visual awareness of colors, trying to understand our interpretation of colors and attempting to quantify human perception with simple equations. Roughly speaking, one could divide these efforts into axiomatic ones that gave birth to the Young, Maxwell, Helmholtz, and, later on, Schrodinger so-called “inductive color line elements” and the empirical color arc-lengths that reflected the effort to virtually embed measurements of human color perception into a simple, often Euclidean, domain. In fact, the latter school of thought, of treating the problem empirically rather than axiomatically, is probably one of the earliest attempts to apply a manifold learning technique to study a psychophysical phenomenon. The outcome was the insightful observation that human color perception is 3D, while most birds probably have (and most dinosaurs probably had) a color perception manifold of higher dimensions and most other mammals share a lower dimensional space for the (lack of) perception of color. One of the analysis tools used to arrive at this important observation is known as multidimensional scaling (MDS), and is related to the famous principal component analysis machinery that is commonly used in big data representation, for which various modern generalizations exist. While axiomatic realizations of studying the color receptors in the eye lead Maxwell (2) to the understanding that color images could be synthesized by a linear … [↵][1]1Email: ron{at}cs.technion. ac.il. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Single Phase to three phase cycloinverter with Space Vector PWM controller

This paper proposes a direct single stage, single-phase to three-phase cycloinverter using self commutated semiconductor devices. In many instances cost of providing three phase service to rural remote areas is prohibitive due to higher installation cost of three phase extension. Single Phase to Three Phase Converter (SPTPC) is an excellent and cost effective choice. To extract maximum output voltage at desired output frequency Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique has been used. It has wide variety of applications where three phase supply is not avialble.
The Mechanism on Industrial Clusters' Impact on Regional Innovation Capacity Based on C-D Production Function:An Empirical Study

The domestic studies of the impact of industrial clusters upon regional innovation ability are not deep enough,which weak the guidance for actual economic activity.This paper begins the study with the recognition of industrial clusters and describes the stage features of life cycle are in detail.Combining with the mechanism of industrial clusters' impact regional innovation capability,this paper respectively builds the industrial cluster's life cycle division model based on a threshold autoregressive and the model of the impact of industrial cluster upon regional innovation ability based on the basis of production function.Finally,this paper selects universal equipment manufacturing at Yangtze River Delta as the object of the empirical research by the recognition of industrial clusters and puts forward suggestions to improve the regional innovative ability.
Early‐life stress affects the structural and functional plasticity of the medial prefrontal cortex in adolescent rats

Early life experiences are crucial factors that shape brain development and function due to their ability to induce structural and functional plasticity. Among these experiences, early‐life stress (ELS) is known to interfere with brain development and maturation, increasing the risk of future psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Moreover, ELS may contribute to the emergence of these psychopathologies during adolescence. In this present study, we investigated the effects of ELS, in the form of maternal separation (MS), on the structural and functional plasticity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anxiety‐like behavior in adolescent male rats. We found that the MS procedure resulted in disturbances in mother–pup interactions that lasted until weaning and were most strongly demonstrated by increases in nursing behavior. Moreover, MS caused atrophy of the basal dendritic tree and reduced spine density on both the apical and basal dendrites in layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. The structural changes were accompanied by an impairment of long‐term potentiation processes and increased expression of key proteins, specifically glutamate receptor 1, glutamate receptor 2, postsynaptic density protein 95, αCa2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II and αCa2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II phosphorylated at residue Thr305, that are engaged in long‐term potentiation induction and maintenance in the mPFC. We also found that the MS animals were more anxious in the light/dark exploration test. The results of this study indicate that ELS has a significant impact on the structural and functional plasticity of the mPFC in adolescents. ELS‐induced adaptive plasticity may underlie the pathomechanisms of some early‐onset psychopathologies observed in adolescents.
Subsurface Ice Structure Analysis With Longer Wavelength SAR Tomography

Given the extreme importance of monitoring ice sheets with remote sensing instruments in order to predict their interactions with the environment, the ESA IceSAR 2012 campaign was performed in south-west Greenland in the framework of BIOMASS activities. The objective was to assess the capability of longer wavelength SAR to retrieve information about ice flow and structure. In the present paper first results from processing of tomographic data for subsurface ice structure mapping are presented. The extent of signal penetration has been found to be of about 20-60 m, conditional on the different glacier zone investigated.
Spatiotemporal magnetic field monitoring for MR

MR experiments frequently rely on signal encoding by the application of magnetic fields that vary in both space and time. The accurate interpretation of the resulting signals often requires knowledge of the exact spatiotemporal field evolution during the experiment. To better fulfill this need, a new approach is presented that enables measuring the field evolution concurrently with any MR sequence. Miniature NMR probes are used to monitor the MR phase evolution around the object under investigation. Based on these data, a global phase model is calculated that can then be used as a basis for processing the actual image or spectroscopic data. The new method is demonstrated by MRI of a phantom, using spin‐warp, spiral, and EPI trajectories. Throughout, the monitoring results enabled highly accurate image reconstruction, even in the presence of massive gradient imperfections. Magn Reson Med 60:187–197, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct Evaluation of a Kinetic Model for RecA‐Mediated DNA‐strand exchange: The Importance of Nucleic Acid Dynamics and Entropy During Homologous Genetic Recombination

The Escherichia coli RecA protein is the prototype of a class of proteins that play central roles in genomic repair and recombination in all organisms. The unresolved mechanistic strategy by which RecA aligns a single strand of DNA with a duplex DNA and mediates a DNA strand switch is central to understanding homologous recombination. We explored the mechanism of RecA‐mediated DNA‐strand exchange using oligonucleotide substrates with the intrinsic fluorophore 6‐methylisoxanthopterin. Pre‐steady‐state spectrofluorometric analysis elucidated the earliest transient intermediates formed during recombination and delineated the mechanistic strategy by which RecA facilitates this process. The structural features of the first detectable intermediate and the energetic characteristics of its formation were consistent with interactions between a few bases of the single‐stranded DNA and the minor groove of a locally melted or stretched duplex DNA. Further analysis revealed RecA to be an unusual enzyme in that entropic rather than enthalpic contributions dominate its catalytic function, and no unambiguously active role for the protein was detected in the earliest molecular events of recombination. The data best support the conclusion that the mechanistic strategy of RecA likely relies on intrinsic DNA dynamics.
Agave biotechnology: an overview

Abstract Agaves are plants of importance both in Mexican culture and economy and in other Latin-American countries. Mexico is reported to be the place of Agave origin, where today, scientists are looking for different industrial applications without compromising its sustainability and preserving the environment. To make it possible, a deep knowledge of all aspects involved in production process, agro-ecological management and plant biochemistry and physiology is required. Agave biotechnology research has been focusing on bio-fuels, beverages, foods, fibers, saponins among others. In this review, we present the advances and challenges of Agave biotechnology.
Bandwidth Enhancement to Continuous-Time Input Pipeline ADCs

This paper presents design analysis and insights for a new continuous-time input pipeline (CTIP) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture that has enhanced bandwidth. An all-pass filter-based analog delay in the signal path allows bandwidth extension to Nyquist signal bandwidths. A resetting integrator gain stage provides a signal path delay helping to increase the bandwidth while reducing the power cost. The noise filtering property of the resetting integrator gain stage preserves the medium resistive input benefit of CTIP ADCs. The resetting integrator allows the architecture to be implemented with a feedforward compensated op-amp using low-voltage CMOS processes. This paper has been verified by simulation results of a CTIP ADC with 1.2-V supply voltage designed in TSMC’s 65-nm CMOS technology.
The development of a modular type platform for home network service

We discuss about the main platform for smart home services. To make a smart space, we need to integrate scattered hardware (Set-top box, Modem etc) with a platform, according to each service independently. In this paper, we present a modular type platform prototype of power efficient, small size, low cost and high performance to meet the requirement for the 3-services (Internet Protocol Television, Fixed Mobile Convergence and Healthcare). This platform is called modular type platform because it has flexibility to support each service, depend on the selected hardware module. Our Platform is equipped with ARM Cortex-A8 processor (AM3894) and different types of interfacing facilities. This platform has PCI-Express, SATA, SPI, McASP, SD/SDIO, GPMC, GPIO, I2C, HDMI, USB, UART, EMAC interfaces. Android (Gingerbread) is used as operating system for the platform. Though the presented platform is designed for 3-services, it can be expanded and applied to another services.
The crystal structure of MexR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in complex with its antirepressor ArmR

The intrinsic antimicrobial resistance of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is compounded in mutant strains that overexpress multidrug efflux pumps such as the prominent drug-proton antiporter, MexAB-OprM. The primary regulator of the mexAB-oprM operon is the MarR family repressor, MexR. An additional repressor, NalC, also regulates mexAB-oprM by controlling expression of ArmR, an antirepressor peptide that is hypothesized to prevent the binding of MexR to its cognate DNA operator via an allosteric protein–peptide interaction. To better understand how ArmR modulates MexR, we determined the MexR-binding region of ArmR as its C-terminal 25 residues and solved the crystal structure of MexR in a 2:1 complex with this ArmR fragment at 1.8 Å resolution. This structure reveals that the C-terminal residues of ArmR form a kinked α-helix, which occupies a pseudosymmetrical and largely hydrophobic binding cavity located at the centre of the MexR dimer. Although the ArmR-binding cavity partially overlaps with the small molecule effector-binding sites of other MarR family members, it possesses a larger and more complex binding surface to accommodate the greater size and specific physicochemical properties of a peptide effector. Comparison with the structure of apo-MexR reveals that ArmR stabilizes a dramatic conformational change that is incompatible with DNA-binding. Thus, this work defines the structural mechanism by which ArmR allosterically derepresses MexR-controlled gene expression in P. aeruginosa and reveals important insights into the regulation of multidrug resistance.
An Augmented Automatic Choosing Control with Constrained Input Using Weighted Gradient Optimization Automatic Choosing Functions

—In this paper we consider a nonlinear feedback control called augmented automatic choosing control (AACC) for nonlinear systems with constrained input using weighted gradient optimization automatic choosing functions. Constant term which arises from linearization of a given nonlinear system is treated as a coefﬁcient of a stable zero dynamics. Parameters of the control are suboptimally selected by maximizing the stable region in the sense of Lyapunov with the aid of a genetic algorithm. This approach is applied to a ﬁeld excitation control problem of power system to demonstrate the splendidness of the AACC. Simulation results show that the new controller can improve performance remarkably well.
A Chitosan—Based Liposome Formulation Enhances the In Vitro Wound Healing Efficacy of Substance P Neuropeptide

Currently, there is considerable interest in developing innovative biodegradable nanoformulations for controlled administration of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide of 11 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinins family and it plays an important role in wound healing. However, SP is easily degradable in vivo and has a very short half-life, so the use of chitosan-based nanocarriers could enhance its pharmaceutical properties. In light of the above, the aim of this work was to produce and characterize chitosan-coated liposomes loaded with SP (SP-CH-LP) as novel biomaterials with potential application in mucosal wound healing. The loaded system’s biophysical properties were characterized by dynamic light scattering with non-invasive back scattering (DLS-NIBS), mixed mode measurements and phase analysis light scattering (M3-PALS) and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible light detection (HPLC-UV/VIS). Then, the efficacy of the obtained nanoformulations was examined via proof-of-principle experiments using in vitro cell assays. These assays showed an increment on cell motility and proliferation after treatment with free and encapsulated neuropeptides. Additionally, the effect of SP on wound healing was enhanced by the entrapment on CH-LP. Overall, the amenability of chitosan-based nanomaterials to encapsulate peptides and proteins constitutes a promising approach towards potential novel therapies to treat difficult wounds.
Open building and flexibility in healthcare: strategies for shaping spaces for social aspects.

INTRODUCTION The fast development of technology and medicine influences the functioning of healthcare facilities as health promoter for the society, making the flexibility a fundamental requirement. Among the many ways to ensure adaptability, one that allows change without increasing the building's overall size is the Open Building approach. METHODOLOGY Starting from the analysis of the State-of-the-Art and many case-studies, eight parameters of evaluation were defined, appraising their relative importance through a weighting system defined with several experts. The resulting evaluation tool establishes in what measure healthcare facilities follow the Open Building principles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The tool is tested to ten case-studies, chosen for their flexible features, in order to determine his effectiveness and to identify projects' weaknesses and strengths. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that many Open Building's principles are already in use but, only through a good design thinking, it will be possible to guarantee architectures for health adaptable for future social challenges.
Formalising replicated distributed processing

The authors present a novel formal approach to proving the correctness of distributed systems of replicated processes that communicate by message passing. The notion of correctness introduced is based on the consistency of the replicated system with its nonreplicated counterpart. The formal framework of CSP (communicating sequential processes) allows the proof of partial correctness and deadlock-freedom properties of the systems of replicated processes. The authors also discuss how a replicated process may be implemented by N-base copies, a majority of which are non-faulty, and point out the necessity of coordinating the copies and the requirements they should satisfy. <<ETX>>
An alternative protocol for the medical management of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

As an alternative to the o,p'-DDD treatment aimed at the selective destruction of the adrenal cortices, the authors have introduced a protocol aimed at the complete destruction of the adrenal cortices. It consists of a longer period of daily treatment with o,p'-DDD and lifelong substitution for primary hypoadrenocorticism. The results obtained in 41 dogs, with a minimum follow-up period of one year, indicate that this approach has advantages over lifelong maintenance therapy with o,p'-DDD.
Distinctive features in a Hungarian hidden Markov model based TTS system

This paper describes the improvement of Hungarian hidden Markov model (HMM) speech synthesis by introducing distinctive features. The values of 18 distinctive features for the Hungarian phonemes are determined and applied to an existing HMM speech synthesis system: they are used in context-dependent labeling and in the decision tree structure. The results show that some distinctive features have become significant nodes of the decision trees. The improvements are evaluated by the analysis of the decision trees and by a listening test as well.
Spondylolysis and the Sacro-Horizontal Angle in Athletes

The frequency of spondylolysis and the relationship between spondylolysis and the sacro-horizontal angle in 143 athletes and 30 non-athletes is reported. Athletes had a larger sacro-horizontal angle than non-athletes. The sacro-horizontal angle was larger in athletes with spondylolysis as compared with those without. An increased incidence of spondylolysis with an increased angle was demonstrated. It is suggested that an increased sacro-horizontal angle may predispose to spondylolysis, especially in combination with the high mechanical loads sustained in certain sports.
Practical non-binary rateless codes for wireless channels

Modern wireless communication systems employ a variety of methods to help ensure reliable data transmission in challenging environments. One method uses a channel code designed such that a given transmission can be decoded by the receiver as soon as a sufficient number of symbols is received. Such a scheme is referred to as rateless coding. Rateless codes are well known for their application to erasure channels and there has recently been a growing interest in their use for physical-layer channels, such as additive white Gaussian noise and fading channels. For these kinds of channels, rateless codes are particularly useful in situations where the transmitter has little or no prior channel state information or when the channel is non-stationary. In this paper, we study the performance of a rateless coding scheme which uses a combination of direct modulation and a novel, rate compatible, non-binary LDPC code that is capable of excellent performance at many different code rates. We compare the performance and complexity of this method to other rateless schemes.
Real-time 3D Camera Tracking for Industrial Augmented Reality Applications

In this paper we present a new solution for real-time 3D camera pose estimation for Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The tracking system does not require special engineering of the environment, such as placing markers or beacons. The required input data are a CAD model of the target object to be tracked, and a calibrated reference image of it. We consider the whole process of camera tracking, and developed both an autonomous initialization and a real-time tracking procedure. The system is robust to abrupt camera motions, strong changes of the lighting conditions and partial occlusions. To avoid typical jitter and drift problems the tracker performs feature matching not only in an iterative manner, but also against stable reference features, which are dynamically cached in case of high confidence. We present experimental results generated with help of synthetic ground truth, real off-line and on-line image sequences using different types of target objects.
Synaptic Vesicle Generation from Central Nerve Terminal Endosomes

Central nerve terminals contain a small number of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that must sustain the fidelity of neurotransmission across a wide range of stimulation intensities. For this to be achieved, nerve terminals integrate a number of complementary endocytosis modes whose activation spans the breadth of these neuronal stimulation patterns. Two such modes are ultrafast endocytosis and activity‐dependent bulk endocytosis, which are triggered by stimuli at either end of the physiological range. Both endocytosis modes generate endosomes directly from the nerve terminal plasma membrane, before the subsequent production of SVs from these structures. This review will discuss the current knowledge relating to the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of SVs from nerve terminal endosomes, how this relates to other mechanisms of SV production and the functional role of such SVs.
Potassium channel blocker 4‐aminopyridine is effective in interictal cerebellar symptoms in episodic ataxia type 2 — A video case report

Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an autosomal‐dominant hereditary disorder clinically characterized by recurrent attacks of vertigo, imbalance and ataxia. Studies have shown that 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) is capable to prevent these attacks. However, there are no reports whether 4‐AP is able to attenuate interictal cerebellar ataxia. Using the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), we examined the efficacy of 4‐AP on interictal ataxia in a 63‐year‐old female patient who suffered from EA2 since the age of 57. EA2 was diagnosed based on clinical criteria and not genetically proven. When treatment with 4‐AP was paused the patient was suffering from marked gait and stance ataxia. After re‐initiation of treatment with 5 mg 4‐AP t.i. d. , there was pronounced improvement in gait and stance ataxia. Within 24 hours SARA score lowered from 8.5 to 4.5 points. We conclude that 4‐AP may be beneficial for interictal cerebellar ataxia in late onset EA2. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society