Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel randomized load balancing

It is well known that after placing n balls independently and uniformly at Ž . random into n bins, the fullest bin holds Q log nrlog log n balls with high probability. More recently, Azar et al. analyzed the following process: randomly choose d bins for each ball, and then place the balls, one by one, into the least full bin from its d choices. Azar et al. They show that after all n balls have been placed, the fullest bin contains only Ž . log log nrlog dqQ 1 balls with high probability. We explore extensions of this result to parallel and distributed settings. Our results focus on the tradeoff between the amount of Correspondence to: M. Mitzenmacher * A preliminary version of this work appeared in the Proceedings of the Twenty-Se enth Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, May 1995, pp. 238]247. † This work was primarily done while attending U.C. Berkeley, and was supported by a Schlumberger Foundation graduate fellowship. ‡ This work was primarily done while attending U.C. Berkeley, and was supported in part by ARPA Ž . under contract DABT63-92-C-0026, by NSF numbers CCR-9210260 and CDA-8722788 , and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. § This work was primarily done while attending U.C. Berkeley, and was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by NSF grant CCR-9505448. ¶ Supported by a fellowship from U.C. Berkeley. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CCC 1042-9832r98r020159-30
Estimating influence of social media users from sampled social networks

Several indices for estimating the influence of social media users have been proposed. Most such indices are obtained from the topological structure of a social network that represents relations among social media users. However, several errors are typically contained in such social network structures because of missing data, false data, or poor node/link sampling from the social network. In this paper, we investigate the effects of node sampling from a social network on the effectiveness of indices for estimating the influence of social media users. We compare the estimated influence of users, as obtained from a sampled social network, with their actual influence. Our experimental results show that using biased sampling methods, such as sample edge count, is a more effective approach than random sampling for estimating user influence, and that the use of random sampling to obtain the structure of a social network significantly affects the effectiveness of indices for estimating user influence, which may make indices useless.
Fair Division and Redistricting

Recently, Landau, Reid and Yershov provided a novel solution to the problem of redistricting. Instead of trying to ensure fairness by restricting the shape of the possible maps or by assigning the power to draw the map to nonbiased entities, the solution ensures fairness by balancing competing interests against each other. This kind of solution is an example of what are known as "fair division" solutions--- such solutions involve the preferences of all parties and are accompanied by rigorous guarantees of a specified well-defined notion of fairness. In this expository article, we give an introduction to the ideas of fair division in the context of this redistricting solution. Through examples and discussion we clarify how fair division methods can play an important role in a realistic redistricting solution by introducing an interactive step that incorporates a certain kind of fairness that can be used in concert with, and not a substitute for, other necessary or desired criteria for a good redistricting solution.
Professional homogeneity: Global versus local effects

Theoretical approaches in studies on professionals are implicitly based on an assumption of homogeneity of attitudes among professionals. However, this assumption has never been validated. This paper examines whether professionals worldwide have relatively homogenous attitudes towards work as compared to non-professionals, and compares two competing theoretical arguments regarding the role of the state in shaping professionals’ work-related attitudes. These were tested using a multinational representative sample of 12,015 respondents from twenty-one countries. Multilevel models showed that professionals do display more homogenous attitudes than non-professionals and that the effect of professional group membership on attitudes does not vary across countries.
Effects of Homodyne Crosstalk on Dual-Polarization QPSK Signals

The exact error probability of quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) signals with homodyne crosstalk is derived analytically. With respect to the signal, homodyne crosstalk may be from the same, the worst, or random polarization. Valid for many interferers, Gaussian model overestimates the SNR penalty for homodyne crosstalk from a single interferer. For 1-dB SNR penalty, QPSK signal may tolerate up to a crosstalk ratio of -16.3 dB from a single interferer from the worst polarization alignment.
Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Lyme Neuroborreliosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a disease caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, involving the nervous system. It usually manifests as lymphocytic meningoradiculitis, but in rare cases, it can also lead to cerebrovascular complications. We aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported cases of LNB complicated by central nervous system vasculitis and stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Materials and methods We conducted a systematic review of literature between May 1987 and December 2016 with patients who presented with cerebrovascular course of LNB. Results This study included 88 patients with a median age of 46 years. The median interval from onset of symptoms suggesting Lyme disease to first symptoms of cerebrovascular manifestations of LNB was 3.5 months. The most common cerebrovascular manifestation of LNB was ischemic stroke (76.1%), followed by TIA (11.4%). The posterior circulation was affected alone in 37.8% of patients, the anterior circulation in 24.4% of patients, and in 37.8% of cases, posterior and anterior circulations were affected simultaneously. The most common affected vessels were middle cerebral artery—in 19 cases, basilar artery—in 17 cases, and anterior cerebral artery—in 16 cases. A good response to antibiotic treatment was achieved in the vast number of patients (75.3%). The overall mortality rate was 4.7%. Conclusion Cerebral vasculitis and stroke due to LNB should be considered, especially in patients who live in or have come from areas with high prevalence of tick-borne diseases, as well as in those without cardiovascular risk factors, but with stroke-like symptoms of unknown cause.
Low voltage fault attacks to AES

This paper presents a new fault based attack on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with any key length, together with its practical validation through the use of low voltage induced faults. The CPU running the attacked algorithm is the ARM926EJ-S: a 32-bit processor widely deployed in computer peripherals, telecommunication appliances and low power portable devices. We prove the practical feasibility of this attack through inducing faults in the computation of the AES algorithm running on a full fledged Linux 2.6 operating system targeted to two implementations of the ARM926EJ-S on commercial development boards.
Notch gain of function inhibits chondrocyte differentiation via Rbpj-dependent suppression of Sox9

Notch signaling plays a critical role during development by directing the binary cell fate decision between progenitors and differentiated cells. Previous studies have shown sustained Notch activation in cartilage leads to chondrodysplasia. Genetic evidence indicates that Notch regulates limb bud mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes via an Rbpj‐dependent Notch pathway. However, it is still unknown how Notch governs chondrogenesis in the axial skeleton where Notch serves a primary patterning function. We hypothesized that both Rbpj‐dependent and Rbpj‐independent Notch signaling mechanisms might be involved. Cartilage‐specific Notch gain‐of‐function (GOF) mutant mice display chondrodysplasia accompanied by loss of Sox9 expression in vertebrae. To evaluate the contribution of an Rbpj‐dependent Notch signaling to this phenotype, we deleted Rbpj on the Notch GOF background. These mice showed persistent spine abnormalities characterized by “butterfly” vertebrae suggesting that removal of Rbpj does not fully rescue the axial skeleton deformities caused by Notch GOF. However, Sox9 protein level was restored in Rbpj‐deficient Notch GOF mice compared with Notch GOF mutants, demonstrating that regulation of Sox9 expression is canonical or Rbpj‐dependent. To further understand the molecular basis of this regulation, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and detected the recruitment of the Rbpj/NICD transcription complex to Rbpj‐binding sites upstream of the Sox9 promoter. The association of the Rbpj/NICD complex with the Sox9 promoter is associated with transcriptional repression of Sox9 in a cellular model of chondrocyte differentiation. Hence, Notch negatively regulates chondrocyte differentiation in the axial skeleton by suppressing Sox9 transcription, and Rbpj‐independent Notch signaling mechanisms may also contribute to axial skeletogenesis. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Distinct Subunit-specific α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Trafficking Mechanisms in Cultured Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons in Response to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation*♦

Background: Hippocampal CA1 neurons are more vulnerable to global ischemia than cortical neurons. Rapid internalization of GluA2 subunit contributes to OGD-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Results: GluA2 subunit is not internalized in response to OGD in cortical neurons. Conclusion: A crucial aspect of the mechanism leading to cell death is absent in cortical neurons. Significance: Differences in GluA2 trafficking may contribute to neuronal vulnerability to ischemia. Brain ischemia occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, leading to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). This triggers a cascade of events causing a synaptic accumulation of glutamate. Excessive activation of glutamate receptors results in excitotoxicity and delayed cell death in vulnerable neurons. Following global cerebral ischemia, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are more vulnerable to injury than their cortical counterparts. The mechanisms that underlie this difference are unclear. Cultured hippocampal neurons respond to OGD with a rapid internalization of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA2, resulting in a switch from GluA2-containing Ca2+-impermeable receptors to GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable subtypes (CP-AMPARs). GluA2 internalization is a critical component of OGD-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons. It is unknown how AMPAR trafficking is affected in cortical neurons following OGD. Here, we show that cultured cortical neurons are resistant to an OGD insult that causes cell death in hippocampal neurons. GluA1 is inserted at the plasma membrane in both cortical and hippocampal neurons in response to OGD. In contrast, OGD causes a rapid endocytosis of GluA2 in hippocampal neurons, which is absent in cortical neurons. These data demonstrate that populations of neurons with different vulnerabilities to OGD recruit distinct cell biological mechanisms in response to insult, and that a crucial aspect of the mechanism leading to OGD-induced cell death is absent in cortical neurons. This strongly suggests that the absence of OGD-induced GluA2 trafficking contributes to the relatively low vulnerability of cortical neurons to ischemia.
Nuclear accumulation of p53 protein is mediated by several nuclear localization signals and plays a role in tumorigenesis

The basic carboxy terminus of p53 plays an important role in directing the protein into the nuclear compartment. The C terminus of the p53 molecule contains a cluster of several nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that mediate the migration of the protein into the cell nucleus. NLSI, the most active domain, is highly conserved in genetically diverged species and shares perfect homology with consensus NLS sequences found in other nuclear proteins. The other two NLSs, II and III, appear to be less effective and less conserved. Although nuclear localization is dictated primarily by the NLSs inherent in the primary amino acid sequence, the actual nuclear homing can be modified by interactions with other proteins expressed in the cell. Comparison between wild-type p53 and naturally occurring mutant p53 showed that both protein categories could migrate into the nucleus of rat primary embryonic fibroblasts by essentially similar mechanisms. Nuclear localization of both proteins was totally dependent on the existence of functional NLS domains. In COS cells, however, we found that NLS-deprived wild-type p53 molecules could migrate into the nucleus by complexing with another nuclear protein, simian virus 40 large-T antigen. Wild-type and mutant p53 proteins differentially complexed with viral or cellular proteins, which may significantly affect the ultimate compartmentalization of p53 in the cell; this finding suggests that the actual subcellular compartmentalization of proteins may differ in various cell type milieux and may largely be affected by the ability of these proteins to complex with other proteins expressed in the cell. Experiments designed to test the physiological significance of p53 subcellular localization indicated that nuclear localization of mutant p53 is essential for this protein to enhance the process of malignant transformation of partially transformed cells, suggesting that p53 functions within the cell nucleus.
Blind image quality assessment on authentically distorted images with perceptual features

Almost all present successful general purpose blind image quality assessment (BIQA) models are designed only towards singly and synthetically distorted images. However, real world images generally contain multiply types of distortions other than single type of distortion. Even some state of the art BIQA methods cannot work well on authentically distorted images. In this paper we propose a novel effective BIQA method for authentically distorted images to remedy the shortage of the popular BIQA models. First, except for traditional natural scene statistics (NSS) based features, we introduce a series of quality aware features based on human visual system (HVS), such as image dynamic range, color information, blurriness. Then support vector regression (SVR) is utilized to learn the mapping between the combined effective features and human opinion scores. Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed method.
Automatic Term Categorization by Extracting Knowledge from the Web

This paper addresses the problem of categorizing terms or lexical entities into a predefined set of semantic domains exploiting the knowledge available on-line in the Web. The proposed system can be effectively used for the automatic expansion of thesauri, limiting the human effort to the preparation of a small training set of tagged entities. The classification of terms is performed by modeling the contexts in which terms from the same class usually appear. The Web is exploited as a significant repository of contexts that are extracted by querying one or more search engines. In particular, it is shown how the required knowledge can be obtained directly from the snippets returned by the search engines without the overhead of document downloads. Since the Web is continuously updated “World Wide”, this approach allows us to face the problem of open-domain term categorization handling both the geographical and temporal variability of term semantics. The performances attained by different text classifiers are compared, showing that the accuracy results are very good independently of the specific model, thus validating the idea of using term contexts extracted from search engine snippets. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that only very few training examples are needed to reach the best performance (over 90% for the F1 measure).
High speed viability navigation control for wheeled robot

While the importance of wheeled robots is well recognized, the control of these systems need to be further investigated, because the current navigating methods of wheeled robots are difficult to achieve high-speed navigation in an environment with obstacles. A theoretical framework is developed to take the robot, environments and goals all together into account based on viability theory. At first, the viability boundary is constructed. Then, the viability boundary is applied for building the viability condition constraints. Finally, with these constraints, an objective function was developed for goal guidance. The simulation shows that the control method can overcome the complexity of robot navigation with nonholonomic constraints, and achieves radical high-speed movement.
Small Proline-Rich Repeat Protein 1A Is Expressed by Axotomized Neurons and Promotes Axonal Outgrowth

The ability of neurons to regenerate an axon after injury is determined by both the surrounding environment and factors intrinsic to the damaged neuron. We have used cDNA microarrays to survey those genes induced during successful sciatic nerve regeneration. The small proline-rich repeat protein 1A (SPRR1A) is not detectable in uninjured neurons but is induced by >60-fold after peripheral axonal damage. The protein is localized to injured neurons and axons.sprr1a is one of a group of epithelial differentiation genes, including s100c and p21/waf, that are coinduced in neurons by axotomy. Overexpressed SPRR1A colocalizes with F-actin in membrane ruffles and augments axonal outgrowth on a range of substrates. In axotomized sensory neurons, reduction of SPRR1A function restricts axonal outgrowth. Neuronal SPRR1A may be a significant contributor to successful nerve regeneration.
Goddess Puja in California: Embodying Contemplation Through Women’s Spirituality Education

This essay conveys an embodied, relational view of contemplative practice in education through my experience of a “Goddess puja. ” I undertook this puja with two other women in the context of exploring and documenting the experiences of seven faculty and student alumni, myself included, within a Women’s Spirituality Master of Arts (WSMA) degree program located in the San Francisco Bay area. I highlight a holistic, ritual scope for considering “contemplative practices,” by engaging an embodied view of contemplative practice based from Women’s Spirituality education. The practice of Goddess puja or worship is a devotional, contemplative ritual offering of flowers and substances made to the deity in order to receive her blessing. The practice of supplicating Goddess impacts my work in midwifery and my lived philosophy, where ritual contemplation evokes further learning and inquiry about the nature of birth and birth-giving.
Agency: Social Construction and Relational Action

Fisher's reading of social constructionist and relational theory is unfortunate. In the first instance, he fails to see that constructionism makes no attempt to establish a foundational ontology in which either agency or its absence is declared real or true. The relational alternative to the traditional account of agency as internal origination is not offered as a truth posit but a contribution to societal practice. On this view, agency is not `empirically' available, as Fisher contends, but is a constitutive achievement of relationships. In this light, Fisher's concern with the function of the traditional conception of agency in maintaining the moral order is salutary.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Death Obsession Scale (DOS)

The aim of this work was first to translate into Spanish and then to adapt Abdel-Khalek's Death Obsession Scale (DOS) for Spanish subjects, and to establish the scale's psychometric properties. The scale was translated from its Arabic and English forms and administered, along with other instruments, to a sample of 344 Spanish university students. The results obtained indicate high coefficients of internal consistency and stability, as well as adequate concurrent validity and a factor structure which is meaningful and significant, such outcomes being similar to those obtained in previous studies with Arab or English samples. These results justify the use of the Death Obsession Scale in evaluating preoccupation with death among Spanish-speaking subjects.
SWissBox: An Architecture for Data Processing Appliances

Database appliances offer fully integrated hardware, storage, operating system, database, and related software in a single package. Database appliances have a relatively long history but the advent of multicore architectures and cloud computing have facilitated and accelerated the demand for such integrated solutions. Database appliances represent a significant departure from the architecture of traditional systems mainly because of the cross layer optimizations that are possible. In this paper we describe SwissBox, an architecture for data processing appliances being developed at the Systems Group of ETH Zurich. SwissBox combines a number of innovations at all system levels ‐ from customized hardware (FPGAs), an operating systems that treats multicore machines as distributed systems (Barrelfish), to an elastic storage manager that takes advantage of both muticores and clusters (Crescando)‐ to provide a completely new platform for system development and database research. In the paper we motivate the architecture with several use cases and discuss each one of its components in detail, pointing out the challenges to solve and the advantages that cross-layer optimizations can bring in practice.
Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity an Exponential Lower Bound to the Size of Bounded Depth Frege Proofs of the Pigeonhole Principle

We prove lower bounds of the form exp (n d) ; d > 0; on the length of proofs of an explicit sequence of tautologies, based on the Pigeonhole Principle, in proof systems using formulas of depth d; for any constant d: This is the largest lower bound for the strongest proof system, for which any superpolynomial lower bounds are known. subject "MAIL ME CLEAR", body "pub/eccc/ftpmail.txt"
An Evaluation of the Intended and Implemented Curricula’s Adherence to the NCTM Standards on the Mathematics Achievement of Third Grade Students: A Case Study

This paper describes the results of a case study evaluating the influence of the intended (textbook) and implemented curricula’s (teachers’ instructional practice) adherence to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM) Standards on student outcomes in mathematics. We collected data on 72 third-grade students from four classrooms in one elementary school. Textbook and teacher adherence to the standards were evaluated using content analysis and direct observation procedures, respectively. Student achievement and attitude toward mathematics were measured through open-ended word problem solving tests and an attitude questionnaire. Results regarding the interactions among the intended, implemented, and learned curricula suggested that the textbook used in this school might have primarily influenced student achievement and attitude toward mathematics. Findings suggest that improving student outcomes may include not only changing instructional practices but also addressing changes in textbooks employed within instructional delivery.