Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Function of Human Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

CD103+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are key for antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer and are negatively influenced by eomesoderin (Eomes). TIL function may be driven by competition between an antitumor TRM program and an Eomes-associated exhaustion program. Cancer progression is marked by dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with high inhibitory receptor (IR) expression. Because IR blockade has led to clinical responses in some patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated how IRs influenced CD8+ TIL function from freshly digested early-stage NSCLC tissues using a killing assay and intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro T-cell restimulation. Early-stage lung cancer TIL function was heterogeneous with only about one third of patients showing decrements in cytokine production and lytic function. TIL hypofunction did not correlate with clinical factors, coexisting immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, or CD4+ T regulatory cells), nor with PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, CD39, or CTLA-4 expression. Instead, we found that the presence of the integrin αeβ7 (CD103), characteristic of tissue-resident memory cells (TRM), was positively associated with cytokine production, whereas expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) was negatively associated with TIL function. These data suggest that the functionality of CD8+ TILs from early-stage NSCLCs may be influenced by competition between an antitumor CD103+ TRM program and an exhaustion program marked by Eomes expression. Understanding the mechanisms of T-cell function in the progression of lung cancer may have clinical implications for immunotherapy.
Increasing Octane Value in Catalytic Cracking of n-Hexadecane with Addition of *BEA Type Zeolite

In this study, multifunctional catalysts were developed by adding *BEA or MFI zeolite with high Si/Al ratio to a residual fluidized catalytic cracking (RFCC) catalyst and tested in the catalytic cracking of n-hexadecane, which is a heavy crude oil model compound, for the purpose of increasing the octane value of produced gasoline under the strong hydrogen transfer activity of the RFCC catalyst. Reaction products analysis revealed that the addition of *BEA zeolite to the RFCC catalyst increased the yields of olefins and multi-branched paraffins, which resulted in improvement of the octane value without sacrificing gasoline yield. On the contrary, the addition of MFI zeolite decreased the gasoline yield because it cracks the gasoline range olefins into LPG range olefins. In general, it is difficult to increase the yield of multi-branched molecules because the multi-branched molecule is more easily cracked than linear molecules. Our results suggest the possibility for the selective acceleration of isomerization reaction by the addition of less acidic *BEA zeolite to the RFCC catalyst.
Anacardic acid inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in vivo

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of primary osteoporosis, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. In consideration of the limitations of current therapeutic options for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is an urgent need to develop safer alternatives. Anacardic acid, a natural phenolic acid compound extracted from cashew nut shell, possesses potent antitumor and anti‐inflammatory effects and inhibits NF‐κB signaling. However, its effect on osteoclasts remains unknown. This study reports the first evidence for the antiosteoclastogenic and antiresorptive effects of anacardic acid on bone marrow–derived macrophage–derived osteoclasts. Mechanistically, anacardic acid disrupts the phosphorylation of TGF‐β activated kinase 1 and subsequently suppresses multiple receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand–induced signaling cascades, ultimately inhibiting the induction and activation of the crucial osteoclast transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T‐cell cytoplasmic 1. Consistent with cellular results in vitro, anacardic acid treatment improves bone density in the murine model of ovariectomy‐induced bone loss. Taken together, our study provides promising evidence for the therapeutic application of anacardic acid as a new potential pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis. —Zhao, K. , Jia, Y. , Peng, J., Pang, C. , Zhang, T. , Han, W. , Jiang, J., Lu, X. , Zhu, J., Qian, Y. Anacardic acid inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in vivo. FASEB J. 33, 9100–9115 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Cartoon face synthesis based on Markov Network

In this paper, an effective method for face photo-cartoon synthesis is used based on Markov Network model. The basic idea of this method is to synthesize a cartoon drawing from the database based on a cartoon drawn by an artist. This method consists of three steps. We first manually labeled eyes at fixed position to ensure the structure of the face and the cartoon face alignment roughly. Second, those faces and cartoons are divided into small overlapped patches, which can generate photo-cartoon pairs in the sample set. We build the joint photo-cartoon model based on the Markov Network model finally. Compared with the existing approaches, our method is simple to implement and more similar. We evaluate our approach on CUHK student database and demonstrate good performance.
Enhancement of Binding Affinity of Folate to Its Receptor by Peptide Conjugation

(1) Background: The folate receptor (FR) is a target for cancer treatment and detection. Expression of the FR is restricted in normal cells but overexpressed in many types of tumors. Folate was conjugated with peptides for enhancing binding affinity to the FR. (2) Materials and Methods: For conjugation, folate was coupled with propargyl or dibenzocyclooctyne, and 4-azidophenylalanine was introduced in peptides for “click” reactions. We measured binding kinetics including the rate constants of association (ka) and dissociation (kd) of folate-peptide conjugates with purified FR by biolayer interferometry. After optimization of the conditions for the click reaction, we successfully conjugated folate with designed peptides. (3) Results: The binding affinity, indicated by the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD), of folate toward the FR was enhanced by peptide conjugation. The enhanced FR binding affinity by peptide conjugation is a result of an increase in the number of interaction sites. (4) Conclusion: Such peptide-ligand conjugates will be important in the design of ligands with higher affinity. These high affinity ligands can be useful for targeted drug delivery system.
Exploratory Study for Continuous-Time Parameter Estimation of Ankle Dynamics

Abstract Recently, a parallel pathway model to describe ankle dynamics was proposed.This model provides a relationship between ankle angle and net ankle torque asthe sum of a linear and nonlinear contribution. A technique to identify parame-ters of this model in discrete-time has been developed. However, these param-eters are a nonlinear combination of the continuous-time physiology, makinginsight into the underlying physiology impossible. The stable and accurate esti-mation of continuous-time parameters is critical for accurate disease modeling,clinical diagnosis, robotic control strategies, development of optimal exerciseprotocols for longterm space exploration, sports medicine, etc.This paper explores the development of a system identiﬁcation techniqueto estimate the continuous-time parameters of ankle dynamics. The effective-ness of this approach is assessed via simulation of a continuous-time model ofankle dynamics with typical parameters found in clinical studies. The resultsshow that although this technique improves estimates, it does not provide ro-bust estimates of continuous-time parameters of ankle dynamics. Due to thiswe conclude that alternative modeling strategies and more advanced estimationtechniques be considered for future work.1
Smiling in a Job Interview: When Less Is More

ABSTRACT Two studies examined the effect of applicants’ smiling on hireability. In a pre-test study, participants were asked to rate the expected behavior for four types of applicants. Newspaper reporter applicants were expected to be more serious than applicants for other jobs. In Study 1, participants were randomly assigned to be an applicant or interviewer for a newspaper reporting job. Smiling was negatively related to hiring, and smiling mediated the relation between applicants’ motivation to make a good impression and hiring. Hiring was maximized when applicants smiled less in the middle of the interview relative to the start and end. In Study 2, participants watched Study 1 clips and were randomly assigned to believe the applicants were applying to one of four jobs. Participants rated more suitability when applicants smiled less, especially for jobs associated with a serious demeanor. This research shows that job type is an important moderator of the impact of smiling on hiring.
A qualitative study of the damped duffing equation and applications

In this paper, we analyze the damped Duffing equation by means of qualitative theory of planar systems. Under certain parametric choices, the global structure in the Poincare phase plane of an equivalent two-dimensional autonomous system is plotted. Exact solutions are obtained by using the Lie symmetry and the coordinate transformation method, respectively. Applications of the second approach to some nonlinear evolution equations such as the two-dimensional dissipative Klein-Gordon equation are illustrated.
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Measles Virus-Vectored Chikungunya Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates

Abstract Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can result in chikungunya fever (CHIKF), a self-limited acute febrile illness that can progress to chronic arthralgic sequelae in a large percentage of patients. A new measles virus-vectored vaccine was developed to prevent CHIKF, and we tested it for immunogenicity and efficacy in a nonhuman primate model. Methods Nine cynomolgus macaques were immunized and boosted with the measles virus-vectored chikungunya vaccine or sham-vaccinated. Sera were taken at multiple times during the vaccination phase to assess antibody responses against CHIKV. Macaques were challenged with a dose of CHIKV previously shown to cause fever and viremia, and core body temperature, viremia, and blood cell and chemistry panels were monitored. Results The vaccine was well tolerated in all macaques, and all seroconverted (high neutralizing antibody [PRNT80 titers, 40–640] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) after the boost. Furthermore, the vaccinated primates were protected against viremia, fever, elevated white blood cell counts, and CHIKF-associated cytokine changes after challenge with the virulent La Reunión CHIKV strain. Conclusions These results further document the immunogenicity and efficacy of a measles-vectored chikungunya vaccine that shows promise in Phase I–II clinical trials. These findings are critical to human health because no vaccine to combat CHIKF is yet licensed.
The zombie ants parasitized by the fungi Ophiocordyceps camponotiatricipis (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae): new occurrence and natural history

The entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis parasitizes the ant species Camponotus (Myrmothrix) atriceps in the Brazilian Central Amazon, and may induce behavioral changes in its hosts. In this study, we extended the distribution range of this interaction for the Atlantic Forest biome. In addition, we investigated the occurrence of parasitized ants fixed upon specific host plants, plant structures and heights above the soil. We found higher frequencies of ants on the introduced plant of commercial value Coffea arabica. The ants adhered to the plants using their mandibles, normally on the abaxial surface and central veins of leaves. The fungus killed its hosts preferentially at a height of 1 m to 2.5 m above the soil, differing from that observed in other studies.
State estimation for Markov Jump Linear Systems with quantized measurements: A quantized IMMPF algorithm

In this paper, the problem of state estimation for Markov Jump Linear Systems (MJLSs) with quantized measurements is investigated. A quantized interacting multiple model particle filter (IMMPF) algorithm with a combination of the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation framework and a particle filter is proposed. Our proposed algorithm is efficient to overcome the exponential computing difficulty with the application of IMM hypothesis merging method and deal with the nonlinearity of the quantizer by representing the posterior probability density under quantized observation with the particle filter. Both the state and the probability distribution of the mode can be estimated in our estimation framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the quantized IMMPF has significant advantage in estimate accuracy over standard IMM directly using quantized measurements and performs better than moving horizon Monte Carlo (MHMC) method on time exhausting aspect.
Design and Analysis of a True Random Number Generator Based on GSR Signals for Body Sensor Networks

Today, medical equipment or general-purpose devices such as smart-watches or smart-textiles can acquire a person’s vital signs. Regardless of the type of device and its purpose, they are all equipped with one or more sensors and often have wireless connectivity. Due to the transmission of sensitive data through the insecure radio channel and the need to ensure exclusive access to authorised entities, security mechanisms and cryptographic primitives must be incorporated onboard these devices. Random number generators are one such necessary cryptographic primitive. Motivated by this, we propose a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) that makes use of the GSR signal measured by a sensor on the body. After an exhaustive analysis of both the entropy source and the randomness of the output, we can conclude that the output generated by the proposed TRNG behaves as that produced by a random variable. Besides, and in comparison with the previous proposals, the performance offered is much higher than that of the earlier works.
Robust Timing-Aware Test Generation Using Pseudo-Boolean Optimization

Advances in the chip manufacturing process impose new requirements for post-production test. Small Delay Defects (SDDs) have become a serious problem during chip testing. Timing-aware ATPG is typically used to generate tests for this kind of defects. Here, the faults are detected through the longest path. In this paper, a novel timing-aware ATPG approach is proposed which is based on Pseudo-Boolean Optimization (PBO) in order to leverage the recent advances in solving techniques in this field. Additionally, the PBO-based approach is able to cope with the generation of hazard-free robust tests by extending the problem formulation. As a result, the faults are detected through the longest robustly testable path, i.e. independently from other delay faults. Experimental results show that a hazard-free robust test can be efficiently found for most testable timing-critical faults without much reduction in path length.
Fluid dynamic visualisations of cuttings-bleeding for virtual reality heart beating surgery simulation

Visualisations and computations of a real time fluid dynamic rendering have always been a fascinating research topic in the field of computer graphics. However most existing virtual realities surgery simulators tend to avoid the fluid dynamic model involvement in their system. This is due to the fact that real time fluid dynamic visualisation is computationally expensive. The calculation may slow down the rendering time and reduce force feedback interactions during simulations. With the availability of high performance graphic hardware, the improvement of visual quality and computational accelerations become easier to achieve. In this paper, we propose fast and efficient fluid dynamic visualisations for a heart surgery simulation. The algorithm utilizes the GPUs capable streaming computations to generate physically-based computational fluid dynamic for bleeding in real time. Our approach is based on the Navier-Stokes Equations that is implemented on two-dimensional data structure which stores height fields, blood quantity, and dissolving blood velocities. We use the cubic interpolated propagation as a fluid solver of blood movement. In this paper, the blood flowing on the surface of a beating heart when the surgical knife cut the heart muscle surface in a certain thickness. The blood will move from the sources and follow the height map of the heart surface. The comparison of the frame rates of surgery simulation with and without fluid inclusion is presented and proves that our approaches are effective enough for evolving fluid dynamic visualisation during surgical simulations.
A longitudinal evaluation of patients' perceptions of Parkinson's disease.

PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder that frequently results in nearly total disability. This study examined changes over 3 years in patients' experiences living with PD, and explored how participants' health perceptions and predicted mortality at baseline related to their actual death by Year 3. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from a local sample of 109 participants by in-home interviews. RESULTS The collected results (1) suggested a disconnection between the participants' responses to open-ended questions about the disorder, compared with their responses to questions structured by the investigators; (2) demonstrated changes in responses to structured and open-ended questions; and (3) demonstrated that respondents who declined to predict whether they would be living in 10 years were three times more likely to die by Year 3 than those who answered the question. IMPLICATIONS Results demonstrate the importance of identifying the most important issues for the individual with PD and suggest that these issues may change over time. Results also raise issues surrounding how patients' perceptions influence the course of their disease.
An Example-Based Approach to Translating Sign Language

Users of sign languages are often forced to use a language in which they have reduced competence simply because documentation in their preferred format is not available. While some research exists on translating between natural and sign languages, we present here what we believe to be the first attempt to tackle this problem using an example-based (EBMT) approach. Having obtained a set of English–Dutch Sign Language examples, we employ an approach to EBMT using the ‘Marker Hypothesis’ (Green, 1979), analogous to the successful system of (Way & Gough, 2003), (Gough & Way, 2004a) and (Gough & Way, 2004b). In a set of experiments, we show that encouragingly good translation quality may be obtained using such an approach.
An Image-Based Genetic Assay Identifies Genes in T1D Susceptibility Loci Controlling Cellular Antiviral Immunity in Mouse

The pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), derives from interactions between host genetics and environmental factors. Previous studies have suggested that viral infection plays a significant role in initiation of T1D in genetically predisposed individuals. T1D susceptibility loci may therefore be enriched in previously uncharacterized genes functioning in antiviral defense pathways. To identify genes involved in antiviral immunity, we performed an image-based high-throughput genetic screen using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against 161 genes within T1D susceptibility loci. RAW 264.7 cells transduced with shRNAs were infected with GFP-expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and fluorescent microscopy was performed to assess the viral infectivity by fluorescence reporter activity. Of the 14 candidates identified with high confidence, two candidates were selected for further investigation, Il27 and Tagap. Administration of recombinant IL-27 during viral infection was found to act synergistically with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to activate expression of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, and to enhance the activities of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Consistent with a role in antiviral immunity, Tagap-deficient macrophages demonstrated increased viral replication, reduced expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and decreased production of IFN-β. Taken together, our unbiased loss-of-function genetic screen identifies genes that play a role in host antiviral immunity and delineates roles for IL-27 and Tagap in the production of antiviral cytokines.
Factors associated with blue-collar workers' risk perception of cardiovascular disease.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, as well as, individual, psychosocial, and work-related factors as predictors of CVD risk perception among Korean blue-collar workers. METHODS The participants were 238 Korean blue-collar workers who worked in small companies. Data were collected through a survey; anthropometric and blood pressure measures; and blood sampling for lipid levels. RESULTS Blue-collar workers had high actual CVD risk and low CVD risk perception. The significant predictors of risk perception included perceived health status, alcohol consumption, knowledge of CVD risk, actual CVD risk, decision latitude, and shift work. The model explained 26% of the variance in CVD risk perception. CONCLUSION The result suggests when occupational health nurses are giving routine health examination in small companies, they can enhance CVD risk perception in blue-collar workers by providing essential information about CVD risk factors and personal counseling on the individual worker's CVD risk status.
InexBib - Retrieving XML Elements Based on External Evidence

Creating a scientific bibliography on a given topic is currently a task which requires a great deal of manual effort. We attempt to reduce this effort by developing a tool for automatically generating a bibliography from a collection of articles represented in XML. We evaluate the use of elements around the references as anchortexts to improve search results. We find that users of the tool prefer lists generated using anchortext over those generated from the bibliography entry only and that the preference is statistically significant. We tentatively find no significant preference for results generated using paragraph as opposed to sentence level anchortext, but note that this finding may result from lack of sophistication in resolving text including multiple references.
Novel purine nucleoside analogues for T-cell-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a rare, inherited immunodeficiency disorder in which the specific molecular defect was identified. Clinically, a lack of PNP manifests as profound T-cell deficiency with minor or variable changes in the humoral system. Biochemically, the absence of PNP results in an increase in plasma deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and a T-cell-specific increase in intracellular deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP). This observation has been the impetus for the search for either inhibitors of the enzyme or PNP-resistant dGuo analogues as potential anti-T-cell-lineage agents over the past 30 years. Forodesine (an inhibitor of PNP) and nelarabine (a PNP-resistant dGuo analogue) proved to be T-cell selective when tested in clinic. This review summarises the preclinical, clinical and pharmacokinetic investigations with these novel agents.