Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF SADDLE HEIGHT ON ANAEROBIC POWER PRODUCTION IN CYCLING

In competitive cycling, setting the proper saddle height is important for both performance and injury prevention. This is also true for ergometer use in a laboratory. The cycling literature recommends usinga25to35= knee angle to set saddle height for injury prevention and recommends using 109% of inseam length for optimal performance. Prior research has demonstrated that these 2 methods do not produce similar saddle heights. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in performance between these 2 methods. Trained cyclists (n = 9) and noncyclists (n = 18) participated in this study. Anaerobic power production was compared using a 30s Wingate protocol at a saddle height of 109% of inseam and at 25 and 35° knee angles. Saddle height set using 109% of inseam fell outside the recommended 25 to 35° knee angle 63% of the time. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for peak power and mean power in either group between saddle heights. The data when using 109% to set saddle height were then divided into those that fell within the recommended 25 to 35= knee angle and those that fell outside. A 25° knee angle produced a significantly higher mean power compared with 109% in those that fell outside the recommended range. An increase in power, at a 25° angle, can be extrapolated to increased performance. There was no difference in performance detected in those individuals who fell within the recommended range. For this reason it is recommended that saddle height for cycles and ergometers be set using a 25 to 35° knee angle for both trained and untrained cyclists for both injury prevention and increased performance.
Evidence from the stop‐EGFP mouse supports a niche‐sharing model of epidermal proliferative units

Abstract: The classical model of epidermal proliferative units (EPUs) postulates that each EPU is composed of a single column of corneocytes plus epidermal cells directly below the column and is maintained by a single stem cell within the unit. Using the stop‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (stop‐EGFP) transgenic mouse system, we previously showed epidermal stem cell clonal lineages could produce multiple adjacent corneocytes (i.e. epidermal cells belonging to multiple adjacent EPUs), contradicting the classical EPU model. One possible problem with our earlier study was that N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) was used to generate mutations for clonal analysis. This could alter the normal environment of the epidermal tissue and might lead to an artificial expansion of stem cell clonal lineages. In this study, we replicate our earlier findings using untreated stop‐EGFP mice and relying on spontaneous mutations to generate clonal cell lineages. We propose an alternative to the classical EPU model to explain the dynamic nature of epidermal proliferation. Our niche‐sharing model of EPUs allows epidermal cells to horizontally migrate among EPUs, so that multiple stem cells cooperatively maintain a larger proliferative compartment.
Dynamical density functional theory for dense suspensions of colloidal hard spheres

We study structural relaxation of colloidal hard spheres undergoing Brownian motion using dynamical density functional theory. Contrary to the partial linearization route [Stopper {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 92}, 022151 (2015)] which amounts to using different free energy functionals for the self and distinct part of the van Hove function $G(r,t)$, we put forward a unified description employing a single functional for both components. To this end, interactions within the self part are removed via the zero-dimensional limit of the functional with a quenched self component. In addition, we make use of a theoretical result for the long-time mobility in hard-sphere suspensions, which we adapt to the inhomogeneous fluid. Our results for $G(r,t)$ are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations even in the dense liquid phase. In particular, our theory accurately yields the crossover from free diffusion at short times to the slower long-time diffusion in a crowded environment.
Comparison of three nonviral transfection methods for foreign gene expression in early chicken embryos in ovo.

By using three nonviral transfection methods, i.e., microparticle bombardment, lipofection and electroporation, the transfection efficiency and the expression intensity of a lacZ reporter gene were compared in developing chicken embryos in ovo. Of the three transfection methods employed, electroporation conferred the strongest expression of the bacterial lacZ gene with similar transfection efficiency. The results suggest that as far as transient gene expression is concerned, electroporation would provide a useful and efficient nonviral means of foreign gene transfection to somatic cells of living chicken embryos in ovo.
MRI contrasts in high rank rotating frames

MRI relaxation measurements are performed in the presence of a fictitious magnetic field in the recently described technique known as RAFF (Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field). This method operates in the 2nd rotating frame (rank n = 2) by using a nonadiabatic sweep of the radiofrequency effective field to generate the fictitious magnetic field. In the present study, the RAFF method is extended for generating MRI contrasts in rotating frames of ranks 1 ≤ n ≤ 5. The developed method is entitled RAFF in rotating frame of rank n (RAFFn).
Wells turbine modeling and PI control scheme for OWC plant using Xilinx system generator

This paper develops a model for Wells turbine using Xilinx system generator (XSG)toolbox of Matlab. The Wells turbine is very popular in oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters. Mostly, the turbine behavior is emulated in a controlled DC or AC motor coupled with a generator. Therefore, it is required to model the OWC and Wells turbine in real time software like XSG. It generates the OWC turbine behavior in real time. Next, a PI control scheme is suggested for controlling the DC motor so as to emulate the Wells turbine efficiently. The overall performance of the system is tested with asquirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). The Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP irregular wave models have been applied to validate the OWC model. Finally, the simulation results for Wells turbine and PI controller have beendiscussed.
Time varying causality between stock market and exchange rate: evidence from Turkey, Japan and England

Abstract In this study, the relationship between exchange rates and stock market indices in Turkey, Japan and England was analysed by using the time varying causality test. First, by the Kapetanios unit root test that allows determining structural breaks endogenously and more than two breaks, stationary levels and break numbers of series were identified. Second, based on the belief that the result of especially long-term causality can have different consequences in different periods due to economic and political crises, a time-varying causality test with bootstrap developed by R. Scott Hacker and Abdulnasser Hatemi-J was used. As a result of the study using monthly data spanning the period of January 1990 to April 2013, there existed two-way causality for the three countries in periods when local and global crises were occurring.
Lateralization of Interimplant Timing and Level Differences in Children Who Use Bilateral Cochlear Implants

Objectives: Interaural level differences (ILD) and interaural timing differences (ITD) are important cues for locating sounds in space. Adult bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users use ILDs more effectively than ITDs. Few studies investigated the ability of children who use bilateral CIs to make use of these binaural cues. Our working hypothesis was that children using bilateral CIs are able to perceive changes in ITDs and ILDs similar to their normal-hearing (NH) peers. Design: Participants were two groups of children; 19 bilateral implant users (CI) and nine NH children. The children in the CI group had received a second CI after 4.9 ± 2.8 yrs of unilateral use. Children performed a four alternative forced-choice lateralization task in which they were asked to describe stimuli as coming from the left side, right side, middle of the head, or from both sides simultaneously. Stimuli were 500 msec trains of electrical pulses delivered to apical electrode no. 18 (CI group) or clicks (NH group) presented 11 times per second with either ITDs (0, 400, 1000, or 2000 &mgr;sec delay between sides) or level differences (0, 10, or 20 Current Units (CI group) or 0, 10, or 20 dB (NH group) difference between sides). ITDs were presented using current levels that were balanced using left and right electrically evoked brain stem responses. Stimulus levels evoking response amplitudes that were most similar were used. Results: Responses from children in the CI group changed significantly with changes in ILD of bilateral stimuli, but not with changes in ITD. Responses from children in the CI group were significantly different from those in the NH group in three ways. Children in the CI group perceived bilaterally presented electrical pulses: (1) to come from the second implanted side more often than the first, (2) to rarely come from the middle, and (3) to come from both sides of the head simultaneously. Perceived changes in lateralization with ILD changes were correlated with differences in amplitudes of electrically evoked brain stem responses by the left versus right CI. Conclusions: The results of this study illustrate that children who use bilateral CIs can lateralize stimuli on the basis of level cues, but have difficulty interpreting interimplant timing differences. Perceived lateralization of bilaterally presented stimuli to the second implanted side in many of the stimulus conditions may relate to the use of different device generations between sides. Further differences from normal lateralization responses could be due to abnormal binaural processing, possibly resulting from a period of unilateral hearing before the provision of a second implant or due to insufficiently matched interimplant stimuli. It may be possible to use objective measures such as electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses wave eV amplitudes to provide balanced levels of bilateral stimulation in children who have had no binaural hearing experience.
The expression of prostaglandin receptors EP3 and EP4 in human cervix in post‐term pregnancy differs between failed and successful labor induction

To investigate expression and localization of prostaglandin receptors EP1‐4 and FP and localization of stromal factors CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), furin, calgranulin B and ALOX15 (arachidonate 15‐lipooxygenase) in human cervical tissue from post‐term women with failed or successful labor induction after prostaglandin priming.
Utilizing Spread Spectrum in Satellites Communications

Satellite communication systems, whether for telecommand and telemetry or as a communication service, have historically been heavily planned. This strategy has been viable as the number of satellites, and satellite networks have been low in the past, and new developments typically progress over the course a decade. Dramatic reductions in launch cost and improvements in spacecraft capability promise to significantly increase the range and number of systems in orbit and reduce the development timescale to a year or two. Formal coordination of spectrum is therefore less viable in the future. In this report we explore the use of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for satellite communication, since it offers the potential to optimally handle intermittent interference in non-coordinated operations. The simulation implements Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Binary Phased Shift Keying Modulation to create a signal with varying spreading rates. The simulations display increasing the spreading rate provides more protection against signals. Measuring the noise E_b/N_o is useful as the spreading rate does not affect the results whereas calculating the Signal to Noise Ratio weakens the signal. Analyzing the effect of two signals examines the percentage of errors, the ability of transmitting and receiving data and resilience to interference. It is observed that with perfect power balancing, data can be transmitted and received where the signal and interference are well isolated from each other. Without power balancing, the signals are subject to interfering into each other and loss of data. Overall, CDMA should be implemented allowing many users to use the spectrum with little to no coordination. With spreading, users will have more protection against interference allowing data to be transmitted and received with minimum loss.
An index coded approach for reducing number of broadcasts in vehicular networks

Vehicular network standard demands a short range reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication with high mobility, also increasing amount of downloaded data in short encounters. Satisfying demands of clients with minimum number of transmissions using index coding has proven notable significance in wireless ad-hoc networks. The proper encoding at the server with side information leads to simultaneous satisfaction of clients with reduced amount of broadcasts. MERLIN (Maximum Expected download over Random LINks) is one of the fundamental protocols developed for optimizing downloads in vehicular networks over random encounter durations [1]. In this paper, we present I-MERLIN (Index coding based MERLIN) protocol and analyze its performance over MERLIN. We show that same amount of data can be downloaded from server in reduced number of transmissions, for single server multiple clients scenario. We also show that, I-MERLIN works well to satisfy multiple clients in minimum number of requests, which can be applicable for real road scenarios.
On the properties of identified dopaminergic neurons in the mouse substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area

We studied the properties of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH‐GFP). By using a practical map of cell positioning in distinct SNpc and VTA subregions in horizontal midbrain slices we saw that the spontaneous firing, membrane properties, cell body size and magnitude of the hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) in TH‐GFP‐positive neurons (TH‐GFP+) vary significantly among subregions, following a mediolateral gradient. Block of Ih with Zd7288 inhibited firing in the most lateral subregions, but had little effect in the intermediate/medial VTA. In addition, TH‐GFP+ cells were excited by Met5‐Enkephalin. Extracellular recordings from a large neuron number showed that all TH‐GFP+ cells were inhibited by dopamine, suggesting that this is a reliable approach for identifying dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Simultaneous recordings from dopamine‐sensitive and dopamine‐insensitive neurons showed that dopamine‐insensitive cells (putative non‐dopaminergic neurons) are unaffected by Zd7288 but inhibited by Met5‐Enkephalin. Under patch‐clamp, dopamine generated a quantitatively similar outward current in most TH‐GFP+ neurons, although medial VTA cells showed reduced dopamine sensitivity. Pargyline prolonged the dopamine current, whereas cocaine enhanced dopamine‐mediated responses in both the SNpc and the VTA. Our work provides new insights into the variability in mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons along the medial–lateral axis and points to the necessity of a combination of different electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches for reliably identifying these cells to distinguish them from non‐dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain.
The torque ripple reduction at the drive with the switched reluctance motor

The torque ripple has an adverse impact on the life of the machine and other drive components (especially bearings, gearboxes, couplings, etc.) and also produces an unpleasant acoustic noise. The reduction of the torque ripple can be solved in several ways - to select different configurations of SRM (to increase the number of phases or use the machine with higher number of steps), a suitable choice of commutation angles (so that they mutually overlap) or minimize the torque ripple by torque regulator or by direct torque control. This paper summarizes the practical results.
Risk factors for night sweats and hot flushes in midlife: results from a prospective cohort study

Objective This study aims to identify social, lifestyle, and reproductive history risk factors for night sweats (NS) only, hot flushes (HF) only, and both NS and HF. Methods Risk factors and symptoms among 10,454 participants of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health who were aged 45 to 50 years in 1996 were measured at baseline and 3-year intervals (surveys 2-6) for 15 years. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Compared with neither symptom, both symptoms together were reported less often by highly educated women (odds ratio, 0.61; 99.9% CI, 0.50-0.74), but more often by women who were heavier (odds ratio, 1.23; 99.9% CI, 1.08-1.40), were current smokers (odds ratio, 1.31; 99.9% CI, 1.09-1.56), were high-risk drinkers (odds ratio, 1.44; 99.9% CI, 1.10-1.89), were perimenopausal (odds ratio, 6.57; 99.9% CI, 5.52-7.82) or postmenopausal (odds ratio, 4.74; 99.9% CI, 4.00-5.63), had gained weight (odds ratio, 1.15; 99.9% CI, 1.01-1.31), or had premenstrual tension (odds ratio, 1.86; 99.9% CI, 1.48-2.34), than by women without these characteristics. HF only was reported less often by highly educated women (odds ratio, 0.73; 99.9% CI, 0.59-0.90), but more often by perimenopausal (odds ratio, 3.58; 99.9% CI, 2.95-4.35) or postmenopausal (odds ratio, 2.97; 99.9% CI, 2.47-3.57) women and by those with premenstrual tension (odds ratio, 1.60; 99.9% CI, 1.25-2.04). Finally, NS only was reported more often among current smokers (odds ratio, 1.55; 99.9% CI, 1.11-2.19), high-risk drinkers (odds ratio, 1.76; 99.9% CI, 1.04-2.97), perimenopausal women (odds ratio, 1.53; 99.9% CI, 1.14-2.06), those with diabetes (odds ratio, 1.91; 99.9% CI, 1.08-3.35), those with premenstrual tension (odds ratio, 1.67; 99.9% CI, 1.09-2.56), or those of early age at first pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.45; 99.9% CI, 1.05-1.99). Conclusions The presence of both symptoms is associated with social, behavioral, and menstrual factors. Some differences in risk factors among women who report only one symptom or both symptoms are observed, suggesting a slightly different etiology for each.
Social status and the comorbidity of child depression and conduct disorder.

This study examined the overlap between child depression and conduct disorder (D&CD) as a function of peer social status (i.e., popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, average) in a sample of 1,464 nonreferred 4th graders. Both D&CD were measured by self-report, peer nomination, and teacher ratings. Social status was assessed by peer nomination. A strong correlation (.73) was found between D&CD, even after accounting for shared method variance by confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, the number of Ss who scored high on both D&CD was greater than would be expected by chance alone. Multivariate tests revealed that rejected Ss scored higher than average Ss on measures of D&CD. Controversial boys also scored higher on measures of CD. However, analyses also revealed that the association between depression and rejected social status might be due to a subgroup of depressed children who also manifested symptoms of CD. Implications for assessment and treatment of child disorders are discussed.
The control of arbitrary size networks of linear systems via graphon limits: An initial investigation

To achieve control objectives for extremely complex and very large scale networks using standard methods is a challenging, if not intractable, task. In this paper, we propose a novel way to approximately control network systems which lie in a sequence with a well defined limit by the use of graphon theory and the theory of infinite dimensional systems. The general controllability problem is analyzed for the infinite system and then the control performance in terms of the upper bound for the L2 state error between the limit system and the sequence of network systems is given. Finally, an example of the application of the minimum energy control methodology for network systems with sampled weightings is demonstrated.
5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase-deficient Patients: Potential of the Dose-escalation Method.

BACKGROUND Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) degrades approximately 85% of administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). With a reported high mortality rate, chemotherapy is generally contraindicated for patients with DPD deficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy was initiated for a 73-year-old man with DPD deficiency. Capecitabine was administered in incrementally increasing doses, beginning with a single pill while monitoring plasma 5-FU concentration, and neutrophil and platelet counts. RESULTS DPD protein level was 2.35 U/mg. After increasing the capecitabine dose to 1,800 mg, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab were added. Subsequent DPD protein measurement showed that the level had increased to approximately 12-fold the one before chemotherapy. Sequencing of all 23 exons of DPYD gene revealed a mutation of guanine to thymine in exon 11 (1156 G>T). CONCLUSION This is the first report to indicate that DPD activity can be induced. These findings may provide early indications of a new method for chemotherapy for DPD-deficient patients.
Effect of knowledge management on growth performance in construction industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between knowledge management and growth performance of construction companies. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 600 questionnaires were sent to selected individuals in grade G7 construction companies. A total of 110 completed questionnaires were returned and deemed usable. The collected data were processed and analysed by partial least-squares (PLS) path modelling with SmartPLS 2.0 software. This technique was selected because it is appropriate for exploratory studies, such as the current one, where hypothesised relationships between variables have not been tested. Findings – The findings show a positive relationship between knowledge management and growth performance in construction companies. The results of this study are valuable in establishing a valid and reliable survey instrument, especially for construction companies. Practical implications – The results of this study can be can be utilised as a basis for strategic choices b.
Another method of simulation on the rotor side control system of DFIG and its performance to disturbance

This paper proposed a method of building the rotor side power control system of DFIG. In the past works, the current control loops were turned to PI controllers and the trouble is to set the proper integral and proportional gains. By deducing the rotor side exciting voltage equations and using the S-functions, the simpler method of modeling were proposed in the paper. The performance comparisons with the well-established models and some typical simulations based on the new model were made. The results validate the rightness of the presented method.