Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Power Computing in Distributed Systems

Abstract : Three research topics have been investigated: (I) Energy aware programming techniques for embedded systems; (2) Dynamic power management of a sensor node with periodic incoming tasks; and (3) Resource management of a sensor network using a distributed Genetic Algorithm. The research shows that (I) Certain simple program transformations can significantly improve the performance and energy dissipation of the embedded processor, which is the core part of a sensor node or a mobile computing device; (2) The traditional task scheduling algorithm does not work well with power management in a sensor node. Two heuristic algorithms are proposed which give lower power consumption than the traditional algorithms. (3) The power management problem in a distributed system may be formulated as an optimization problem and solved using a distributed GA. The performance and energy of a distributed GA is determined by its configuration parameters such as: the sub-population size, the number of processors, the length of epoch, and the number of migrating individuals. Their relations with the convergence speed and the energy dissipation is analyzed in this report. This effort leveraged a distributed (parallel) Island Model Genetic Algorithm code developed in IFTO that was adapted to the 3rd problem and run on a cluster computer in FTC this summer. A follow-on grant will study a fuller version of the problems with more realistic scenarios.
Subcaptial Oblique Fifth Metatarsal Osteotomy Versus Distal Chevron Osteotomy for Correction of Bunionette Deformity

The aim of this study was to compare a distal subcapital oblique fifth metatarsal with a distal chevron osteotomy for correction of bunionette deformity. Materials and methods. Twenty cadaveric feet were randomly assigned to undergo either a subcapital oblique or chevron osteotomy of the distal fifth metatarsal. Radiographic measurements, including 4–5 intermetatarsal angle (IMA), fifth metatarsophalangeal angle (5-MPA) and foot width, were compared between the 2 groups. Results. Foot width and 5-MPA was significantly decreased in both groups with no difference between the groups. The 4–5 IMA was not significantly altered in either group. Conclusion. Decrease in foot width and 5-MPA was similarly achieved with either distal chevron or subcapital oblique osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal in normal cadaveric specimens. No significant difference was found between the 2 techniques in any of the radiographic parameters measured. Levels of Evidence: Cadaveric, Level V
Improving communication reliability by use of an intermittent feedback channel

This paper describes and analyzes a feedback communication scheme where the feedback channel is used only to inform the transmitter, at specified times (prior to a final decision), which message the receiver considers most likely. The feedback information is used by the transmitter to modify its transmission according to a rule known also to the receiver. When orthogonal signals are used and only an average transmitter power constraint is imposed, the error probability can be made to decrease in an N -fold exponential manner with increasing
Cost-effectiveness analysis of scalp cooling to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Abstract Background. Alopecia is a frequently occurring side effect of chemotherapy that often can be prevented by cooling the scalp during the infusion. This study compared effects and costs of scalp cooling with usual general oncological care, i.e. purchasing a wig or head cover. Material and methods. Scalp-cooled patients (n = 160) were compared with non-scalp-cooled patients (n = 86) at 15 Dutch hospitals. Patients were enrolled prior to anthracycline and/or taxane-based chemotherapy for several types of cancer between 2007 and 2008. Cost-effectiveness of scalp cooling compared with that of usual care was determined by the ratio of costs to quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs for scalp cooling (machines and nursing time), hair dressers, wigs and head covers were estimated from a societal perspective. QALYs were measured using the Short Form-36. Results. Scalp cooling reduced the use of a wig or head cover by 40%, but wigs were still purchased unnecessarily by 38% of scalp-cooled patients. Average societal costs decreased therefore only by €269 per patient due to scalp cooling (p = 0.02). Given the eligibility for scalp cooling at the time, the insignificant difference in QALYs resulted from a balance of the benefits for those patients with successful scalp cooling and those without success. For the Dutch, given the generally accepted threshold of willingness to pay for a QALY (between €20 000 and €40 000), scalp cooling was cost-effective, therefore justifying the choice of scalp cooling or purchasing a wig or head cover. Conclusion. Given the right indication, cost-effectiveness might be improved further by postponing wig and head cover purchases, by improving scalp cooling efficacy, as well as using the scalp cooling capacity more intensively.
Vaccine epidemiology: efficacy, effectiveness, and the translational research roadmap.

Received 3 February 2010; accepted 3 February 2010; electronically published 19 April 2010. Potential conflicts of interest: G.A. W. is a member of Speakers’ Bureaus supported by Merck & Co, Glaxo SmithKline, and sanofi pasteur. P.G. S. : none reported. Reprints or correspondence: Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Div of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric HIV Program, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 690, Rochester, NY 14642 (geoff_weinberg@urmc.rochester.edu). The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010;201(11):1607– 161
Automatically classifying the role of citations in biomedical articles.

Citations are widely used in scientific literature. The traditional model of referencing considers all citations to be the same; however, semantically, citations play different roles. By studying the context in which citations appear, it is possible to determine the role that they play. Here, we report on the development of an eight-category classification scheme, annotation using that scheme, and development and evaluation of supervised machine-learning classifiers using the annotated data. We annotated 1,710 sentences using the annotation schema and our trained classifier obtained an average F1-score of 76.5%. The classifier is available for free as a Java API from http://citation.askhermes. org.
Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects profile of hydrocodone/acetaminophen and oxycodone/acetaminophen combination products.

OBJECTIVES To compare within the same individuals two typically prescribed doses of hydrocodone/acetaminophen and oxycodone/acetaminophen products for their subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects in healthy volunteers. DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, six-session clinical laboratory study, enrolling 16 healthy participants (27.2 +/- 4.4 years of age). Participants received 5 mg hydrocodone/325 mg acetaminophen, 10 mg hydrocodone/650 mg acetaminophen, 5 mg oxycodone/325 mg acetaminophen, 10 mg oxycodone/650 mg acetaminophen, 650 mg acetaminophen, and placebo in different sessions. RESULTS Oxycodone/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen at the 5-mg opioid dose produced few subjective effects and no significant psychomotor impairment. Relative to placebo, the 10-mg oxycodone combination produced a wider spectrum of subjective effects that were statistically significant than did the 10-mg hydrocodone combination. The 10-mg oxycodone combination also produced a greater degree of miosis than the 10-mg hydrocodone combination. Both drug combinations impaired psychomotor performance at the 10-mg opioid dose. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study, albeit in pain-free individuals, may inform physicians who prescribe, and pharmacists who dispense, two widely prescribed opioid/acetaminophen combination products on how patients might be feeling from the drugs. Patients prescribed either of the two opioid/acetaminophen combination products may experience a number of subjective effects, including effects that would contraindicate certain activities, and they should be cautioned accordingly. However, this study documented rather large differences in magnitude of subjective effects between 10 mg oxycodone/650 mg acetaminophen and placebo, and physicians and pharmacists, and ultimately patients, should be aware of these differences.
The Effects of Information Overload on Software Project Risk Assessment

Managers are responsible for providing effective information technology governance of the software development process. Ineffective governance leads to serious resource misallocations and negative consequences concerning Sarbanes-Oxley compliance. In order for managers to make informed decisions about software development projects, they often need more information than is available through normal information channels, that is, they need an in-depth review of the at-risk project. Such in-depth reviews, however, are costly. Hence, accurate identification of at-risk projects for in-depth review is critical to management's ability to govern. This research considers how two factors, information load and time pressure, affect the quality of the project-selection process. We examine quality by observing the decision strategies involved and then relating these strategies to subsequent decision making. An experiment was conducted with experienced information systems auditors using a combination of policy-capturing and computerized process-tracing techniques. The participants in our study cope with information overload by accelerating their decision-making process and adopting noncompensatory decision processes. Contrary to prior research, our process-tracing analysis suggests that participants rarely filter information, thus implying that decision makers are unable to process all the information. Coping by resorting to noncompensatory strategies did not decrease decision quality unless combined with accelerated information processing. Participants also increase their weight on the software project risk factors that they repeatedly access and that they view for longer periods of time. The theoretical contributions and practical implications regarding what actions managers can take to reduce the negative impact of information overload are discussed.
Caterpillars: A Context Specification Technique

We present a novel, yet simple, technique for the speciication of context in structured documents that we call caterpillar expressions. Although we are primarily applying this technique in the speciication of context-dependent style sheets for HTML, SGML and XML documents, it can also be used for query speciica-tion for structured documents, as we shall demonstrate, and for the speciication of computer program transformations. From a conceptual point of view, structured documents are trees, and one of the oldest and best-established techniques to process trees and, hence, structured documents are tree automata. We present a number of theoretical results that allow us to compare the expressive power of caterpillar expressions and caterpillar automata, their companions, to the expressive power of tree automata. In particular, we demonstrate that each caterpillar expression describes a regular tree language that is, hence, recognizable by a tree automaton. Finally, we employ caterpillar expressions for tree pattern matching. We demonstrate that caterpillar automata are able to solve tree-pattern-matching problems for some, but not all, types of tree inclusion that Kilpell ainen investigated in his PhD thesis. In simulating tree pattern matching with caterpillar automata, we reprove some of Kilpell ainen's results in a uniform framework. Earlier and shorter versions of some of the ideas in this paper were presented at PODDP '98 6] and at DLT '99 10].
A Universal Logic Operator for Interpretable Deep Convolution Networks

Explaining neural network computation in terms of probabilistic/fuzzy logical operations has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and high interpretability. Different choices of logical operators such as AND, OR and XOR give rise to another dimension for network optimization, and in this paper, we study the open problem of learning a universal logical operator without prescribing to any logical operations manually. Insightful observations along this exploration furnish deep convolution networks with a novel logical interpretation.
The research of sampling frequency for A DC servo motor speed control system based on neural networks

This study utilizes the sampling frequency will affect the performance of a direct neural controller (DNC), which is applied to a DC motor speed control system. A direct neural controller of self-tuning strategy is proposed and treated as a speed regulator to keep the motor in constant speed without the specified reference model. A tangent hyperbolic function is used as the activation function, and the back propagation error is approximated by a linear combination of error and error's differential. The simulation results reveal that the proposed speed regulator keeps motor in constant speed with high convergent speed, but the convergent speed is affected by the sampling frequency. In general, the high sampling frequency will make the speed control system have favor performance, but it will take lots of CPU time. This study applies off-line training to evaluate the appropriate initial values of neural connective weights, then the speed control performance will be improved under low sampling frequency condition.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic and Microscopic Approach Type 1 Tympanoplasty for Simple Chronic Otitis Media.

OBJECTIVE Tympanoplasty is a common surgery for chronic otitis media. We analyzed the results of endoscopic and microscopic approaches for type 1 tympanoplasty in patients with simple chronic otitis media. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the records of 95 patients (100 ears) who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty from 2011 to 2014. Group 1 underwent tympanoplasty with a microscopic approach (50 ears), and Group 2 underwent tympanoplasty with an endoscopic approach (50 ears). The epidemiological profiles and postoperative results, including hearing gain, duration of surgery, perioperative nausea or vomiting, and graft success rate, were reviewed. RESULTS The epidemiological profiles and preoperative hearing status were similar in both groups. Postoperatively, both groups had equal improvements in hearing and air-bone gap as well as equal perforation rates. However, the endoscopic group suffered less perioperative nausea or vomiting and had a shorter operative time. CONCLUSION The endoscopic approach for tympanoplasty offers superior visualization and shorter operative time than conventional surgery, in addition to equal hearing outcomes and perforation rates. Furthermore, observations of fewer tissue injuries, better cosmetic outcomes, and lesser perioperative nausea and vomiting suggest that the endoscopic approach is a better choice for surgery.
Proteome analysis of cultured fibroblasts from type 1 diabetic patients and normal subjects.

CONTEXT Protein profiling of diabetic tissues could provide useful biomarkers for early diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and disease response markers. Cultured fibroblasts are a useful in vitro model for proteome analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the proteins of cultured fibroblasts, obtained by skin biopsy, from long-term type 1 diabetic patients without complications and age- and sex-matched normal subjects as controls. DESIGN Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and the gel images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Protein identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS Reproducible protein maps of fibroblasts from diabetic and healthy subjects were obtained. A total of 125 protein spots were isolated and identified, among them 27 proteins not previously reported in published human fibroblast 2-DE maps, including 20 proteins never reported previously in the literature in human skin fibroblasts. Quantitative analyses revealed six protein spots differentially expressed in the fibroblasts from the diabetic vs. the control subjects (P < 0.05), representing glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins. An increase of triosephosphate I isomerase of two splice isoforms of pyruvate kinase and alpha-actinin 4 and a decrease of tubulin-beta2 and splice isoform 2 of tropomyosin beta-chain were detected. CONCLUSIONS We generated 2-DE reference maps of the proteome of human skin fibroblasts from both normal and uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients. Differences in glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins were found. The functional implications of the identified proteins are discussed.
Methyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate

The title compound, C10H14N2O4S, was synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxylate and di-tert-butyl carbonate. In this structure, the thiazole ring is planar (mean deviation = 0.0011 Å). Two weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are formed between two of the methyl groups and one carbonyl O atom, resulting in the formation of two twisted six-membered rings. Intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form centrosymmetric dimeric units, and the hydrogen-bond scheme is completed by intermolecular C—H⋯O contacts.
Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers

SYNOPSIS Many of the standardized interviews currently used in psychiatry require the interviewer to use expert psychiatric judgements in deciding upon the presence or absence of psychopathology. However, when case definitions are standardized it is customary for clinical judgements to be replaced with rules. The Clinical Interview Schedule was therefore revised, in order to increase standardization, and to make it suitable for use by ‘lay’ interviewers in assessing minor psychiatric disorder in community, general hospital, occupational and primary care research. Two reliability studies of the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) were conducted in primary health care clinics in London and Santiago, Chile. Both studies compared psychiatrically trained interviewer(s) with lay interviewer(s). Estimates of the reliability of the CIS-R compared favourably with the results of studies of other standardized interviews. In addition, the lay interviewers were as reliable as the psychiatrists and did not show any bias in their use of the CIS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis models were also used to estimate the reliabilities of the CIS-R and self-administered questionnaires and indicated that traditional measures of reliability are probably overestimates.
MIRD Pamphlet No. 14 revised: A dynamic urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations. Task Group of the MIRD Committee, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

UNLABELLED The constant-volume urinary bladder model in the standard MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 (Revised) phantom has recognized limitations. Various investigators have developed detailed models incorporating more physiologically realistic features, such as expanding bladder contents and residual volume, and variable urinary input rate, initial volume and first void time. We have reviewed these published models and have developed a new model for calculation of radiation absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall incorporating these aspects. METHODS The model consists of a spherical source with variable volume to simulate the bladder contents and a wall represented by a spherical shell of constant volume. The wall thickness varies as the source expands or contracts. The model provides for variable urine entry rate (three different hydration states), initial bladder contents volume, residual volume and first void time. The voiding schedule includes an extended nighttime gap during which the urine entry rate is reduced to one-half the daytime rate. RESULTS Radiation-absorbed dose estimates have been calculated for the bladder wall surface (including photon and electron components) and at several depths in the wall (electron component) for 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 99mTc-HEDP, 99mTc-pertechnetate, 99mTc-red blood cells (RBCs), 99mTc-glucoheptonate, 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglicine chelator (MAG3), 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA), 99mTc-MIBI (rest and stress), 123I-/124I-/131I-OIH, 123I/131I-NaI, 125I-iothalamate, 111In-DTPA and 89Sr-SrCl. CONCLUSION The new model tends to give a higher radiation absorbed dose to the bladder wall surface than the previous models. Large initial bladder volumes and higher rates of urine flow into the bladder result in lower bladder wall dose. The optimal first voiding time is from 40 min to 3 hr postadministration, depending on radiopharmaceutical. The data as presented in tabular and graphic form for each compound provide guidance for establishing radiation absorbed dose reduction protocols.
Pathogenic Microbes in Milk

Milk, as every bacteriologist knows, is not only a universal and excellent food-stuff for human beings, but a medium admirably adapted for the growth and multiplication of microbes. For the latter reason milk deserves every attention at the hands of the hygienist, it being incontestably established that it may serve as a vehicle of disease agents. How well natural milk is adapted to this purpose, viz. to serve as nutritive medium for bacteria, is clear from its alkaline condition, and from its containing all ingredients required for the growth and multiplication of bacteria: proteid, fat, carbohydrate, and a large percentage of the essential mineral matters. It is a matter of common experience that all milk, however carefully it may be collected, however clean and aseptic may be the vessels into which it is received, will on standing, or after being handled in the way usual between collection and distribution, be found to teem with various kinds of bacteria. This fact is confirmed by the bacteriological examination of the milk sold in London shops, milk which, normal though it may be in appearance, chemical analysis, and taste, is usually found to contain hundreds of thousands of bacteria per cubic centimeter; bacteria which belong to various species and some of which when grown separately in sterile milk cause rapid changes and alter profoundly the character of the milk, e. g. Bacillus lactis, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus coli, Bacillus mesentericus, spores of Bacillus enteritidis, etc. If allowed to stand, the milk containing the above mixture of bacteria exhibits even at ordinary temperatures, but in a more marked degree at temperatures of 70° F. and above, those profound changes which are popularly expressed as ‘going bad,’ changes caused by the rapid multiplication of one or other of the above microbes.
The role of the incubation period in a disease model.

The incubation period is defined as the time from exposure to onset of disease, i.e., it corresponds to the time from infection with a microorganism to symptom development. In this paper a mathematical model is proposed with three classes of population namely, susceptible, incubated and infected. The stability behavior of the trivial, disease free and endemic equilibrium states are studied and we observe that the instability of disease free state leads to the existence of the endemic state. The possibility of Hopf-bifurcation of the endemic equilibria is studied using the transfer rate from susceptible to incubated population as bifurcation parameter. Finally, a threshold value of bifurcation parameter is determined numerically.