Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of non‐cooperative behaviour: the case of post‐transitional Estonia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain the emergence of non‐cooperative behaviour after the economic transition in Estonia.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a combined research design, in that evolutionary game theory and network segregation models are enriched with semi‐structured interviews. Simulations are used to deal with analytical complexity; in this case a prisoners' dilemma situation is used and randomness is created through the exogenous shock of opening the network to “aliens”. Findings – Consequently, it is found that individuals in large and small communities differ in their behavioural strategies: in an open community, players are more self‐interested and reciprocate only benevolent behaviour; in a regular community, people rely on cooperative social norms. Case specific information leads to the suggestion that in open networks people behave cooperatively only in teams of up to four members. Increasing the random connections in a network makes people use group segregatio.
Time perspective and life satisfaction among young adults in Taiwan

Profiles of time perspective were explored using a person-oriented approach, and the relationship between balanced time perspective (BTP) and life satisfaction in young Taiwanese adults was examined. A cluster group was identified that fitted the configuration of BTP as proposed by Boniwell and Zimbardo (2004), that is, high past positive, high present hedonistic, and high future scores, combined with low past negative and low present fatalistic scores. Results showed that there were significant differences in life satisfaction between those with a BTP profile and those without. In addition, logistic regression results showed that individuals with more past-positive or future orientations or less past-negative orientation were more likely to have a high level of life satisfaction.
Acute Severe Hepatotoxicity Associated with Clomipramine

ABSTRACTMiss Y. presented with complaints of irritability, depressed mood, avolition, anhedonia, markedly decreased appetite and around 10 kg weight loss within two months, amenorrhea, dysmorphophobia, and psychomotor retardation. The psychiatric evaluation revealed major depressive episode. She was given a prescription for 25 mg/day of clomipramine for her depression, and also cognitive behavioral therapy was started. Her level of aspartate aminotransferase was 212 IU/liter, and her alanine aminotransferase level was 474 IU/liter. Therefore, clomipramine was stopped urgently. After one month, the enzymes returned to normal values. Physicians should be alert to the possibility that clomipramine can cause acute hepatotoxicity and consider early discontinuation of an antidepressant if the condition is suspected.
Bayesian Toolbox for Dynamic Distributed Decision Making

The paper outlines a new challenging area of control, namely distributed decision making under uncertainty. Presence of many decision-making units, called the participants is the main distinction from the classical control theory. The problem is analysed from Bayesian point of view. Each participant has the abilities of classical adaptive controller, i.e. learning of the environment and design of the control strategy. What is new is the ability to communicate with its neighbours. The effect of this ability on learning and control strategy design is studied in the paper. Methodology for dealing with the problem is introduced.
Are Hofstede's and Schwartz's value frameworks congruent?

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose an alternative basis for calculating cultural distance scores using Schwartz's cultural values.Design/methodology/approach – Cultural distance scores were calculated for 23 countries, based on the two most common measures of cultural difference (four cultural dimensions and Schwartz's 1994 culture level values), following Kogut and Singh's formula. Correlation analysis was used to assess the congruency between these two bases of cultural distance. In addition, their relationship with international trade figures was assessed, to understand how well each framework predicts the amount of trade between countries.Findings – Inter‐country distances between 23 countries suggest that the two bases of cultural distance were not congruent. While the correlation between both cultural distance measures and international trade suggested a negative relationship, as expected, only cultural distance based on Schwartz's values was significantly related to international tra.
Verbal aggressiveness and communicator style characteristics of summoned jurors as predictors of actual jury selection

Recent research suggests that communication traits play a significant role in the jury selection process. To extend this line of research, 774 jurors in actual cases completed measures of verbal aggressiveness, communicator style, and positive‐disclosiveness. Excused jurors reported higher levels of verbal aggressiveness, dominance, and contentiousness than empaneled jurors. Read in the light of previous research, these findings support the explanation that favorable impression leads to selection on a jury, negative impression leads to rejection from a jury. This explanation appears to be more useful than the alternative explanation that similarity between trial lawyers and jurors leads to selection. While attitudes, beliefs, and demographic characteristics can influence trial outcomes, jurors’ communication predispositions and styles of communicating can dramatically influence the guilt determination process. Two examples are provided.
Reflecting on reflection: exploring the practice of sports coaching graduates

Recent research has commented on the prevalence and usefulness of reflective practice in specific sports coaching domains. The present paper explores how 6 coaching science graduates from Knowles et al’s study deployed reflective processes within their coaching practice outside the confines of a supported reflective based curriculum. A reflective interview guide was used based on Gibbs’ model and staged reflective practice. 21 raw data themes elicited discussion relating to defining models of reflection, barriers of reflection, issues regarding written techniques and reflection with others. Results suggest the in‐built reflective rigour present in the undergraduate programme is at variance with the post graduation reality of sports coach employment. This differentiation is discussed with reference to short term contracts and a lack of professional accountability with recommendations made for future coach education programmes.
Intra-Cluster Device-to-Device Multicast Algorithm Based on Small World Model

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has been considered as a promising technique to provide better wireless services in local area. In this paper, we propose an improved intra-cluster D2D multicast protocol to enable data sharing among users. In our scheme, several D2D users take turns to multicast the corresponding packets. The sequence of packet transmissions is determined according to the data demand. In addition, we introduce relay based transmission into the multicast process so as to overcome transmission rate restriction caused by link heterogeneity. Greedy algorithm is applied to select relay nodes inspired by small world phenomenon. Through simulation, we show that the proposed method not only improves the delay performance and capacity gain, but also expands the D2D transmission range.
TokenTM: Efficient Execution of Large Transactions with Hardware Transactional Memory

Current hardware transactional memory systems seek to simplify parallel programming, but assume that large transactions are rare, so it is acceptable to penalize their performance or concurrency. However, future programmers may wish to use large transactions more often in order to integrate with higher-level programming models (e.g., database transactions) or perform selected I/O operations. To prevent the "small transactions are common" assumption from becoming self-fulfilling, this paper contributes TokenTM - an unbounded HTM that uses the abstraction of tokens to precisely track conflicts on an unbounded number of memory blocks. TokenTM implements tokens with new mechanisms, including metastate fission/fusion and fast token release. TokenTM executes small transactions fast, executes concurrent large transactions with no penalty to nonconflicting transactions, and gracefully handles paging, context switching, and System-V-style shared memory.
EMG-based position and force control of a robot arm: Application to teleoperation and orthosis

This paper presents a methodology for the control of a robot arm, using electromyographic (EMG) signals. EMG signals from the muscles of the shoulder and elbow joints are used to predict the corresponding joint angles and the force exerted by the user to the environment through his/her forearm. The user's motion is restricted to a plane. An analysis of various parametric models is carried out in order to define the appropriate form of the model to be used for the EMG-based estimates of the motion and force exerted by the user. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) black-box state-space model is found to be the most accurate and is used to predict the joint angles and the force exerted during motion, in high frequency. A position tracking system is used to track the shoulder and elbow joint angles in low frequency to avoid drifting phenomena in the joints estimates. The high frequency model estimates, the low-frequency position tracker and a Kalman filter are used to control a torque controlled robot arm in the frequency of 500 Hz. The proposed system is tested both on teleoperation and orthosis scenarios. The experimental results prove the high accuracy of the system within a variety of motion profiles.
Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation Changes in Multitemporal SAR Images for Event Landslides Detection

Landslides cause damages and affect victims worldwide, but landslide information is lacking. Even large events may not leave records when they happen in remote areas or simply do not impact with vulnerable elements. This paper proposes a procedure to measure spatial autocorrelation changes induced by event landslides in a multi-temporal series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity Sentinel-1 images. The procedure first measures pixel-based changes between consecutive couples of SAR intensity images using the Log-Ratio index, then it follows the temporal evolution of the spatial autocorrelation inside the Log-Ratio layers using the Moran’s I index and the semivariance. When an event occurs, the Moran’s I index and the semivariance increase compared to the values measured before and after the event. The spatial autocorrelation growth is due to the local homogenization of the soil response caused by the event landslide. The emerging clusters of autocorrelated pixels generated by the event are localized by a process of optimal segmentation of the log-ratio layers. The procedure was used to intercept an event that occurred in August 2015 in Myanmar, Tozang area, when strong rainfall precipitations triggered a number of landslides. A prognostic use of the method promises to increase the availability of information about the number of events at the regional scale, and to facilitate the production of inventory maps, yielding useful results to study the phenomenon for model tuning, landslide forecast model validation, and the relationship between triggering factors and number of occurred events.
Department of Economics Working Paper University of Massachusetts Amherst Long Waves and Short Cycles in a Model of Endogenous Financial Fragility Long Waves and Short Cycles in a Model of Endogenous Financial Fragility

This paper presents a stock-flow consistent macroeconomic model in which financial fragility in firm and household sectors evolves endogenously through the interaction between real and financial sectors. Changes in firms' and house-holds' financial practices produce long waves. The Hopf bifurcation theorem is applied to clarify the conditions for the existence of limit cycles, and simulations illustrate stable limit cycles. The long waves are characterized by periodic economic crises following long expansions. Short cycles, generated by the interaction between effective demand and labor market dynamics, fluctuate around the long waves.
Saliency Detection Using Region-Based Incremental Center-Surround Distance

A new method to detect salient region(s) in images is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach, which is inspired by object-based visual attention theory, segments the input image into coherent regions and measures region-based center-surround distance (RBCSD), which is a distance between region attributes such as color histograms found in each region and its surrounding region. Furthermore, segmented regions are merged such that the RBCSD of the merged region is greater than the individual RBCSD of the component regions through region-based incremental center surround distance (RBCSD+I) process. Due to this RBCSD+I process, merged regions may contain incoherent color regions, which improves the robustness of the proposed approach. The key advantages of the proposed algorithm are: (1) it provides a salient region with plausible object boundaries, (2) it is robust to color incoherency present in the salient region, and (3) it is computationally efficient. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the proposed algorithm on widely used data sets and comparison with the existing saliency detection approaches clearly indicates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach.
THE USE OF ACRIDINE ORANGE AS A LYSOSOMAL MARKER IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE

'The uptake of vital dyes by lysosomes (1, 2) has permitted the microscopic observation of these subcellular organelles in living cells (3) and tissue homogenates (4) . Acridine orange (3 , 6-bis-dimethylaminoacridine), a fluorescent metachromatic dye, has been shown to concentrate within lysosomes, causing them to appear as bright orange granules in fluorescence microscopy (5-7) . We have observed these granules in fresh frozen sections of rat skeletal muscle and have determined their subcellular distribution by quantitating the dye with spectrophotofluorometry. Our technique demonstrates the use of acridine orange as a nonenzymatic marker for lysosomes in tissue fractionation studies.
Properties of cholinergic and non‐cholinergic submucosal neurons along the mouse colon

Submucosal neurons are crucial regulators of gut secretion. Despite significant interest in using mouse models for enteric neuropathies, much is still unknown about their submucous innervation. We examined properties of submucosal neurons in the mouse distal colon using immunohistochemical and intracellular recording techniques, and investigated colonic regional differences in neurochemistry and neurally mediated ion transport responses. Two main neurochemical but not electrophysiological classes of neurons were identified: cholinergic (containing choline acetyltransferase) and non‐cholinergic. Non‐cholinergic neurons had one or two axons; the cholinergic neurons examined were uniaxonal. Neurons exhibited predominantly nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials and somatic action potentials mediated by tetrodotoxin‐resistant voltage‐gated channels. The distal colon had smaller ganglia, a higher proportion of cholinergic neurons (they remain a minority) and a larger nicotinic secretory component than the proximal colon. Properties of submucosal neurons in the mouse distal colon differ from other colonic regions, and from submucosal neurons in other species.
Potential relationship between herpes viruses and rheumatoid arthritis: analysis with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction

Objective: To determine whether the human herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), are detectable in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: 133 PBMC samples (61 RA, 72 healthy donors) and 136 serum samples (59 RA, 77 healthy donors) were analysed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction for DNA prevalence and viral load of HHV-6, EBV, and CMV. Results: For PBMC samples significant differences were found for EBV in DNA prevalence (56% in RA v 33% in controls, p = 0.009) and viral load (copies/μg DNA 0–592.3 for RA v 0–40.4 for controls, p = 0.001). For serum samples a significant difference was found for HHV-6 DNA prevalence (10% in RA v 0% in controls, p = 0.006) and viral load (copies/μg DNA 0–529.1 for RA v 0 for controls, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Herpes viruses may have a role in RA, although alternative explanations are possible: (a) defects in cellular immunity in patients with RA may result in a relatively high viral load; (b) patients with RA may be more prone to infection/reactivation. The usefulness of monitoring the DNA viral load in patients with RA is questioned by these data.
Towards Dynamic Epistemic Learning of Actions for Self-Improving Agents and Multi-agent Systems

Action learning is an important aspect of self-improving. This paper explores a new approach for the learning of two types of actions, namely precondition-free actions and conditional actions. The corresponding two learning algorithms are designed and implemented using modern logic reasoners. Finally, a simple system of action learning agents is implemented to explore cooperative self-improving multi-agent systems.
Design Considerations for Maintaining DC-Side Voltage of Hybrid Active Power Filter With Injection Circuit

Hybrid active power filter with injection circuit (IHAPF) shows great promise in reducing harmonics and improving power factor with a relatively low capacity active power filter, but suffers from DC-side voltage instability that inadvertently impacts the compensation performance and safety of the IHAPF. In this paper, two new methods are proposed to overcome this major technical challenge with a hysteretic control and energy release circuit, and a controllable pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier. Modeling, theoretical analysis, and experimental results have verified that both methods can stabilize DC-side voltage within a certain range. A prototype IHAPF system was built incorporating the PWM rectifier DC voltage control scheme, and installed in a 220 kV substation in Southern China. It demonstrated significant improvement in harmonics reduction and power factor. The DC voltage stability issue was also resolved with the new design.
Developing outcomes for educational services: a children’s rights‐based approach

This article provides a rationale for and insight into an explicit children’s rights‐based approach to the identification of outcomes for proposed educational interventions. It presents a critical reflection on a research project which sought to integrate international children’s rights standards into the design of services through a children’s rights audit of potential outcomes and the meaningful engagement of children in the research and service design processes. While children are involved increasingly as co‐researchers in qualitative studies, it is less common for this to occur in quantitative studies. This article offers some additional insight into children’s participation in the interpretation of data from a large‐scale baseline survey. The article concludes with an argument that international children’s rights law provides not just a legal imperative but also a comprehensive framework with which to assert the case for increased recognition of children as salient stakeholders in all aspects of serv.
Lower bounds on the Münchhausen problem

Baron Munchhausen's omni-sequence", B(n), rst dened by Khova- nova and Lewis (2011), is a sequence that gives for each n the minimum number of weighings on balance scales that can verify the correct labeling ofn identically-looking coins with distinct integer weights between 1 gram and n grams. A trivial lower bound on B(n) is log 3 n, and it has been shown that B(n) is log 3 n + O(log logn). In this paper we give a rst nontrivial lower bound to the Munchhausen problem, showing that there are innitely many n values for which B(n) >dlog 3 ne. Furthermore, we show that ifN(k) is the number ofn values for which k =dlog3ne and B(n) > k, then N(k) is an unbounded function of k.
East-West Distribution of Nutrients and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Northern North Pacific in Autumn

We measured nutrient and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations from west to east across the northern North Pacific Ocean from station K2 to Ocean Station Papa during September and October 2005. At 2000 m depth, silicate levels increased and dissolved oxygen levels decreased from west to east. This trend was attributed to seawater in the layer flowing from west to east in the northern North Pacific. Distributions of normalized (salinity = 33) nutrients and DIC showed the general trend of "west high, east low" (WHEL) in the surface layer. Normalized nitrate and DIC concentrations above 30 m depth ranged from 7 to 13 µmol kg -1 and from 2027 to 2045 µmol kg -1 , respectively. Seasonal drawdowns of nutrients and DIC from winter to autumn showed the WHEL trend, similar to previous studies. The ratio of silicate drawdown to nitrate + nitrite drawdown also showed the WHEL trend, which might result from longitudinal differences in the proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community in the northern North Pacific.
Cloud-scale Image Compression Through Content Deduplication

As more images are uploaded to the cloud, it is imperative that pixel-wise redundancy between images be leveraged to minimize each photo’s memory footprint. We present an efficient cloud-scale digital image compression scheme for use in cloud image storage systems. Unlike current state-of-the-art systems, our image compression technique takes full advantage of redundant image data in the cloud by independently compressing each newly uploaded image with its GIST nearest neighbor taken from a representative set of uncompressed images. We leverage state-of-the-art video compression techniques in order to efficiently reuse image content which is already stored server-side. Our novel scheme scales to accommodate large datasets and is highly parallelizable for cloud computing. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm produces competitive image compression rates while reducing the computational effort by at least an order of magnitude in comparison to competing techniques, all while providing the necessary scalability for cloud-scale image compression.
Robust Adaptive Beamforming

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