Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the subcellular distribution and gene expression of GABAA receptor by microtubules and microfilaments in cultured brain neurons

Mechanisms underlying the intracellular transport of γ‐aminobutyric acidA receptor (GABAAR) were examined in the cultured neurons derived from chicken embryo brains. In situ trypsinization of the cultures and 3H‐flunitrazepam (FNZ) binding assay were employed to determine the cell surface and intracellular distribution of the receptor. A 3‐h treatment of the cells with 1 μM of colchicine, a microtubule depolymerizer, reversibly raised the proportion of intracellular GABAAR density by about 36% and decreased that of the cell surface receptors by 18% from respective control values, whereas the 3‐h incubation with 2 μM of cytochalasin D, a microfilament disrupter, did not cause significant changes. These treatments failed to alter the total number of the 3H‐FNZ binding sites of the neurons and the affinity of the ligand. Moreover, the exposure to colchicine seemed to produce a stronger cytoplasmic immunostaining of the GABAAR α subunits in many neurons without affecting the total cellular level of the proteins, in accordance with the increased fraction of intracellular 3H‐FNZ binding. However, in the neurons exposed to cytochalasin D, there was an increase of around 28% in the total content of α1+51kDa proteins. In addition, the colchicine or cytochalasin D treatment inhibited approximately 21 or 18% of the rate of general protein synthesis in the culture. Notably, in situ hybridization assay showed that the GABAAR α1 or α2 mRNA was present in 92 ± 2% or 94 ± 2% of the cytochalasin D‐treated neurons, both of which were higher than 71 ± 2–74 ± 3% of the control and colchicine‐treated cells. The data suggest that by regulating the intracellular transport, the microtubular system participates in the maintenance of normal subcellular distribution of GABAAR in the neurons. By contrast, the organization of microfilaments may play a role in modulating the gene expression of GABAAR subunits. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 291–303, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Custom Versus Fashion: Path-Dependence and Limit Cycles in a Random Matching Game

A pairwise random matching game is considered to identify the social environments that give rise to the social custom and fashion cycles. The game, played by Conformists and Nonconformists, can generate a variety of socially stable behavior patterns. In the path-dependence case, Conformists set the social custom and Nonconformists revolt against it; what actin becomes the custom is determined by "history. " In the limit cycle case, Nonconformists become fashion leaders and switch their actions periodically, while Conformists follow with delay. The outcome depends on the relative share of Conformists to Nonconformists as well as their matching patterns.
Exploring Heterogeneous-ISA Core Architectures for High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Mobile SoCs

In this paper, we explore opportunities to increase energy efficiency by providing cores with restricted functionality, but without necessarily impacting performance. We aim to achieve this by removing support for complex but less frequently executed instructions since instruction mixes used by real-world workloads are often heavily biased. We investigate which instructions are worthwhile to remove by analyzing a subset of instructions in the ARM ISA and their corresponding logic burden in the microarchitecture. We propose a heterogeneous-ISA system to achieve energy efficiency without performance degradation using a system architecture that combines both full- and reduced-ISA cores. Results show that by providing the flexibility of heterogeneous-ISA cores, the proposed system can improve energy efficiency by 12% on average and up to 15% for applications that do not require NEON support, all without performance overhead.
Cellular distribution of glucose and monocarboxylate transporters in human brain white matter and multiple sclerosis lesions

To ensure efficient energy supply to the high demanding brain, nutrients are transported into brain cells via specific glucose (GLUT) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered glucose metabolism are thought to play an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the cellular localization of key GLUT and MCT proteins in human brain tissue of non‐neurological controls and MS patients. We show that in control brain tissue GLUT and MCT proteins were abundantly expressed in a variety of central nervous system cells, particularly in microglia and endothelial cells. In active MS lesions, GLUTs and MCTs were highly expressed in infiltrating leukocytes and reactive astrocytes. Astrocytes manifest increased MCT1 staining and maintain GLUT expression in inactive lesions, whereas demyelinated axons exhibit significantly reduced GLUT3 and MCT2 immunoreactivity in inactive lesions. Finally, we demonstrated that the co‐transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α), an important protein involved in energy metabolism, is highly expressed in reactive astrocytes in active MS lesions. Overexpression of PGC‐1α in astrocyte‐like cells resulted in increased production of several GLUT and MCT proteins. In conclusion, we provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of key nutrient transporters in white matter brain samples. Moreover, our data demonstrate an altered expression of these nutrient transporters in MS brain tissue, including a marked reduction of axonal GLUT3 and MCT2 expression in chronic lesions, which may impede efficient nutrient supply to the hypoxic demyelinated axons thereby contributing to the ongoing neurodegeneration in MS. GLIA 2014;62:1125–1141
No Lease is Short Enough to Solve the Time Inconsistency Problem

The author provides a model of endogenous lease duration determination in the context of the durable goods monopolist problem. He shows that infinitely many leases (per finite unit of time) are required to solve completely the time inconsistency problem, thus suggesting that leasing may not provide a practical solution. The author also provides a warning regarding the results that can be derived by exogenously setting lease durations equal to 'one period' by resolving a paradoxical result in the literature. Copyright 1994 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Measuring Cost Efficiency Of Ukrainian Banks In 2008

Abstract The paper presents the results of a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) of cost-efficiency of Ukrainian banks. As of lack of data on the personnel costs, we had to set limits to the year of 2008 only. To modeling banking activity, we apply the intermediary approach as one of the most commonly used in literature. Considering the results of statistical tests, we chose translog functional form of cost function and half-normal distribution of random inefficiency term. As a result of the research, we found out that efficiency of Ukrainian banks varies within 0.5224 and 0.9869 with an average value of 0.8734. Having checked a range of hypotheses, we discovered insignificant distinctions among banks by their size, type of owner and location. Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono wyniki stochastycznej analizy granicznej (SFA) efektywności kosztowej banków ukraińskich. Ze względu na braki w danych dotyczących kosztów personelu, analizę ograniczono do roku 2008. W modelowaniu działalności bankowej, zastosowano podejście pośrednika jako jeden z powszechnie stosowanych w literaturze. Biorąc pod uwagę wyniki testów statystycznych, wybrano funkcjonalną formę funkcji kosztów I pół-normalny rozkład losowy.
Prolyl-4 Hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) Deficiency in Endothelial Cells and Hematopoietic Cells Induces Obliterative Vascular Remodeling and Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice and Humans Through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2&agr;

Background— Vascular occlusion and complex plexiform lesions are hallmarks of the pathology of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients. However, the mechanisms of obliterative vascular remodeling remain elusive; hence, current therapies have not targeted the fundamental disease-modifying mechanisms and result in only modest improvement in morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results— Mice with Tie2Cre-mediated disruption of Egln1 (encoding prolyl-4 hydroxylase 2 [PHD2]; Egln1 Tie2 ) in endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells exhibited spontaneous severe PAH with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, including vascular occlusion and plexiform-like lesions, resembling the hallmarks of the pathology of clinical PAH. As seen in patients with idiopathic PAH, Egln1 Tie2 mice exhibited unprecedented right ventricular hypertrophy and failure and progressive mortality. Consistently, PHD2 expression was diminished in lung endothelial cells of obliterated pulmonary vessels in patients with idiopathic PAH. Genetic deletions of both Egln1 and Hif1a or Egln1 and Hif2a identified hypoxia-inducible factor-2&agr; as the critical mediator of the severe PAH seen in Egln1 Tie2 mice. We also observed altered expression of many pulmonary hypertension–causing genes in Egln1 Tie2 lungs, which was normalized in Egln1 Tie2 /Hif2a Tie2 lungs. PHD2-deficient endothelial cells promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation in part through hypoxia-inducible factor-2&agr;–activated CXCL12 expression. Genetic deletion of Cxcl12 attenuated PAH in Egln1 Tie2 mice. Conclusions— These studies defined an unexpected role of PHD2 deficiency in the mechanisms of severe PAH and identified the first genetically modified mouse model with obliterative vascular remodeling and pathophysiology recapitulating clinical PAH. Thus, targeting PHD2/hypoxia-inducible factor-2&agr; signaling is a promising strategy to reverse vascular remodeling for treatment of severe PAH.
The relationship between accounting and taxation in Poland

The first version of this paper was based on accounting regulations promulgated in 1991, whereas the final version has taken into account the Accounting Act passed by Parliament in 1994. It makes a distinction between accounting for general purpose and accounting for income tax authorities. In consequence, the emphasis has been placed on highlighting the fundamental change in the relation between accounting and taxation which has been taking place in Poland as a result of: the first stage of transition to market economy in 1991-1994 and the radical change since 1995, which makes accounting tax independent. The introduction to the main body of the paper is provided by a presentation of the historical background, with special emphasis on an entirely different relationship between accounting and taxation under the centrally-planned economy.
Genetic Analysis of Simian Virus 40 III. Characterization of a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Blocked at an Early Stage of Productive Infection in Monkey Cells

A temperature-sensitive mutant of simian virus 40 (SV40), ts*101, has been characterized during productive infection in monkey kidney cells. The mutant virion can adsorb to and penetrate the cell normally at the restrictive temperature, but cannot induce the synthesis of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nor initiate the synthesis of SV40-specific tumor, virion, or U antigens or viral DNA. First-cycle infection with purified ts*101 DNA is normal at the restrictive temperature, but the resulting progeny virions are still temperature-sensitive. The mutant neither complements nor inhibits other temperature-sensitive SV40 mutants or wild-type virions. The affected protein in the ts*101 mutant may be a regulatory structural protein, possibly a core protein, that is interacting with the viral DNA.
THE TIMELINESS OF HALF YEARLY EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS AND STOCK RETURNS

: This paper examines the association between the timeliness of the half-yearly report for Australian firms and the abnormal stock price behaviour around the time of the announcement. The results support the overseas evidence that reports containing ‘good’ news are released earlier than reports containing ‘bad’ news. The abnormal returns are consistent with the direction and magnitude of the earnings and dividend information. We find no evidence to support the Kross and Schroeder [1984] conclusion that timeliness per se is associated with abnormal returns once appropriate control is made for earnings/dividend information.
Treatment of Fixed Capital in the Sraffian Framework and in the Theory of Dynamic Input-Output Models

This paper is concerned with a comparison of the treatment of fixed capital in some multi-sectoral models. First, the dynamic Leontief model is investigated. Scrutiny shows that this model suffers from conceptual misconceptions which result from restrictive assumptions concerning full-capacity production and the transferability of capital in place, and from the definition of technical coefficients. Whereas most input-output (IO) models are based on the assumption of infinite life of fixed capital, the Sraffian concept is to treat used fixed capital items as 'intermediate' goods, which appear as joint products until they are worn out. To compare that approach with some IO models, an application of the concept of a 'plant' is provided. Finally, it is demonstrated that Leontief's model, as well as some recent generalizations, are special cases of a Sraffa-von Neumann type of model.
Systematic Mapping Protocol - Coverage of Aspect-Oriented Methodologies for the Early Phases of the Software Development Life Cycle

The amount of aspect-oriented software development techniques and tools have been increasing for the last years but still they have not enough maturity and are not sufficiently spread to be included in a project leader's box of tools. Software development projects have to deal with many risks, and the main function of project leaders is to minimize them. The use of immature technologies, tools newcomers to the market, techniques that have not been tested enough, etc., would be very risky decisions to take by who has the responsibility to carry out a successful software development project. On the other hand, the availability of well-known tools and techniques and the adherence to standards and best practices will help professionals to make good estimates and to take better decisions. There is many proposals on aspect-oriented techniques, notations, tools, etc., but they have not yet unified on a common body of knowledge and none of them has become the most popular approach. We are interested in the early phases of the aspect-oriented SDLC which include the phases from the beginning of the life cycle until architecture design. We are interested in portraying the state of the art of aspect-oriented techniques and tools, in the identification of the standards they employ. Our goal is to collect all the available evidence, analyze it, and study the possibility of applying these techniques, tools and standards in real projects, taking advantage of the benefits of the aspect-oriented paradigm, by identifying the standard and widespread approaches, techniques, notations and tools present in the scientific literature and to verify if they were applied in the industry, by means of a systematic mapping of the literature published between 1995 and 2019.
Isolation and Characterization of Thermophilic Cellulase-Producing Bacteria from Empty Fruit Bunches-Palm Oil Mill Effluent Compost

Problems statement: Lack of information on locally isolated cellulase-producing bacterium in thermophilic compost using a mixture of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as composting materials. Approach: The isolation of microbes from compost heap was conducted at day 7 of composting process where the mixture of composting materials consisted of 45.8% cellulose, 17.1% hemicellulose and 28.3% lignin content. The temperature, pH and moisture content of the composting pile at day 7 treatment were 58.3, 8.1 and 65.5°C, respectively. The morphological analysis of the isolated microbes was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Gram stain method. The congo red test was conducted in order to detect 1% CMC agar degradation activities. Total genomic DNAs were extracted from approximately 1.0 g of mixed compost and amplified by using PCR primers. The PCR product was sequent to identify the nearest relatives of 16S rRNA genes. The localization of bacteria chromosomes was determined by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results: Single isolated bacteria species was successfully isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)-Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) compost at thermophilic stage. Restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the DNAs coding for the 16S rRNAs with the phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated bacteria from EFB-POME thermophilic compost gave the highest homology (99%) with similarity to Geobacillus pallidus. The strain was spore forming bacteria and able to grow at 60°C with pH 7. Conclusion: Thermophilic bacteria strain, Geobacillus pallidus was successfully isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mil Effluent (POME) compost and characterized.
Chiral mirrors

© 2015 American Institute of Physics (AIP). This paper was published in Applied Physics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint (preprint) with permission of American Institute of Physics (AIP). The published version is available at: [http://dx.doi. org/10.1063/1.4921969]. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
Good Starts for recently arrived youth with refugee backgrounds : promoting wellbeing in the first three years of settlement in Melbourne, Australia

This report describes the key findings of a longitudinal study (2004—2008) investigating the experiences of settlement among a group of 120 recently arrived young people with refugee backgrounds settling in Melbourne, Australia. Each year, less than one per cent of the world’s refugees are offered resettlement in one of 18 countries participating in The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) resettlement programme. Australia offers places to around 13,500 people per year, of whom about 26 per cent are between the ages of 10 and 19. What are the experiences of these young people in their early settlement years? How do they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood given the traumas of their past and the challenges of their present and future in Australia? What are the key social determinants of wellbeing and good settlement and what can we learn from these young people about what social policies and services will most effectively support them to make successful lives in their new home? This study explores these questions, the overall aim being to identify the key social determinants of wellbeing and settlement and to describe the lived experiences of these young people as they shape their lives in Australia.
Slowed Release of Thrombin-cleaved Factor VIII from von Willebrand Factor by a Monoclonal and a Human Antibody Is a Novel Mechanism for Factor VIII Inhibition*

The anti-factor VIII (fVIII) C2 domain monoclonal antibody ESH8 inhibits fVIII activity only when fVIII is bound to von Willebrand factor (vWf). However, ESH8 binds with similar affinity to fVIII and fVIII·vWf complex, and it does not affect the kinetics of thrombin cleavage at positions 372 and 740 within the fVIII heavy chain and at 1689 within the light chain. The latter is required for fVIII release from vWf. We showed that ESH8 reduced the initial rate of thrombin-activated fVIII (fVIIIa) release from vWf by 4.3-fold compared to that in the absence of antibody. The complex of vWf·fVIII·ESH8 was activated, and the rate constant determined for fVIIIa dissociation from vWf was 4 × 10−3 s−1. We constructed a mathematical model incorporating the measured rates for fVIIIa release from vWf and for inactivation of heterotrimeric fVIIIa due to the spontaneous loss of the A2 subunit and found that the decreased release rate is sufficient to explain our experimentally observed inhibition of fVIII activity by ESH8. We hypothesize that the slowed rate of fVIIIa release from vWf in the presence of ESH8 allows time for inactivation of unstable fVIIIa prior its participation in the formation of the factor Xase complex. The relevance of these findings is illustrated by our observation that reduction of fVIIIa release from vWf represents an additional mechanism of fVIII inhibition by an anti-C2 domain antibody (epitope 2218-2307) from a hemophilia A patient. This rare antibody binds to a more amino-terminal epitope than other human anti-C2 inhibitors, resulting in its lack of inhibition of fVIII binding to vWf but not to phospholipid. These two fVIII ligands therefore bind to C2 sites which do not overlap completely.
The Distribution of Public Services: An Exploration of Local Governmental Preferences

A local governmental welfare function is specified to explore two of its central characteristics: the equity-productivity trade-off and differential weights across neighborhoods. The constrained maximization model is estimated using service outcomes (safety) in the welfare function, as opposed to publicly provided inputs (police), over neighborhoods. The equity-productivity trade-off is found to be considerable, and not all neighborhoods are weighted equally. The results show that inequality aversion and unequal concern by local government over service outcomes must be addressed explicitly to understand the observed distribution of publicly provided inputs, with important implications for standard analysis of local governmental behavior. Copyright 1987 by American Economic Association.
Unexceptional Exporter Performance in China? The Role of Processing Trade

The firm level trade literature finds that exporters are exceptional performers for a wide range of countries and measures. Paradoxically, the one documented exception is the world's largest exporter, China. We show that this puzzling finding is entirely driven by firms that engage only in export processing — the activity of assembling tariff exempted imported inputs into final goods for resale in the foreign markets. We find that processing exporters are less productive than non-processing exporters and non-exporters, and have inferior performance in many other aspects such as profitability, wages, R&D and skill intensity. Accounting for processing exporters explains the abnormality in exporter performance in China documented in the previous literature. Low fixed costs of processing exporting, as well as the trade and industrial policies favoring processing exporters are both responsible for the low productivity of processing exporters. Our analysis suggests that distinguishing between processing and non-processing exporters is crucial for understanding firm-level exporting behavior in China. It also provides caveats in analyzing the exporter performance in other developing countries that are highly integrated into the global value chains.