Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress, burnout, depression and work satisfaction among UK anaesthetic trainees: a qualitative analysis of in‐depth participant interviews in the Satisfaction and Wellbeing in Anaesthetic Training study

Anaesthetists experience unique stressors, and recent evidence suggests a high prevalence of stress and burnout in trainee anaesthetists. There has been no in‐depth qualitative analysis to explore this further. We conducted semi‐structured interviews to explore contributory and potentially protective factors in the development of perceived stress, burnout, depression and low work satisfaction. We sampled purposively among participants in the Satisfaction and Wellbeing in Anaesthetic Training study, reaching data saturation at 12 interviews. Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: factors enabling work satisfaction; stressors of being an anaesthetic trainee; and suggestions for improving working conditions. Factors enabling work satisfaction were patient contact; the privilege of enabling good patient outcomes; and strong support at home and work. Stressors were demanding non‐clinical work‐loads; exhaustion from multiple commitments; a ‘love/hate’ relationship, as trainees value clinical work but find the training burden immense; feeling ‘on edge’, even unsafe at work; and the changing way society sees doctors. Nearly all trainees discussed feeling some levels of burnout (which were high and distressing for some) and also high levels of perceived stress. However, trainees also experienced distinct elements of work satisfaction and support. Suggested recommendations for improvement included: allowing contracted hours for non‐clinical work; individuals taking responsibility for self‐care in and out of work; cultural acceptance that doctors can struggle; and embedding wellbeing support more deeply in organisations and the specialty. Our study provides a foundation for further work to inform organisational and cultural changes, to help translate anaesthetic trainees’ passion for their work into a manageable and satisfactory career.
Teleanalysis: Slippery Slope or Rich Opportunity?

In certain cases, and under certain conditions, extremely useful analytic work can be done on the phone or through videoconferencing. Contrary to what some critics of teleanalysis maintain, with patients who are motivated and can make use of analysis, physical distance between analyst and patient and/or occasional technological difficulties do not limit or preclude successful analysis. Clinical material from three teleanalyses demonstrates various conditions that help make teleanalysis useful. Instead of being a disadvantage, the juxtaposition of the experience of the “tele” and the in-person settings (in occasional in-person sessions) provides increased and unique opportunities for analysis.
The impact of a supervised injecting facility on ambulance call-outs in Sydney, Australia.

AIMS Supervised injecting facilities (SIFs) are effective in reducing the harms associated with injecting drug use among their clientele, but do SIFs ease the burden on ambulance services of attending to overdoses in the community? This study addresses this question, which is yet to be answered, in the growing body of international evidence supporting SIFs efficacy. DESIGN Ecological study of patterns in ambulance attendances at opioid-related overdoses, before and after the opening of a SIF in Sydney, Australia. SETTING A SIF opened as a pilot in Sydney's 'red light' district with the aim of accommodating a high throughput of injecting drug users (IDUs) for supervised injecting episodes, recovery and the management of overdoses. MEASUREMENTS A total of 20,409 ambulance attendances at opioid-related overdoses before and after the opening of the Sydney SIF. Average monthly ambulance attendances at suspected opioid-related overdoses, before (36 months) and after (60 months) the opening of the Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC), in the vicinity of the centre and in the rest of New South Wales (NSW). RESULTS The burden on ambulance services of attending to opioid-related overdoses declined significantly in the vicinity of the Sydney SIF after it opened, compared to the rest of NSW. This effect was greatest during operating hours and in the immediate MSIC area, suggesting that SIFs may be most effective in reducing the impact of opioid-related overdose in their immediate vicinity. CONCLUSIONS By providing environments in which IDUs receive supervised injection and overdose management and education SIF can reduce the demand for ambulance services, thereby freeing them to attend other medical emergencies within the community.
Junctional tumor suppressors interact with 14-3-3 proteins to control planar spindle alignment

Nakajima et al. reveal a novel mechanism of planar spindle alignment through junctional tumor suppressors Scrib/Dlg and 14-3-3 proteins in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium. Their results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins interact with Scrib/Dlg to control planar spindle orientation and maintain epithelial architecture.
Role of neuropsychology in continuum of health care in neurological conditions

A review on global burden of neurological illness shows that neurological disorders remain a public health challenge (PHC). There is ample evidence that shows that neurological disorders are one of the greatest threats to public health. There are several gaps in the understanding of the numerous issues that are related to neurological disorders, but experts already know enough about their nature and treatment to be able to shape effective policy responses to some of the most prevalent disorders among them. The PHC is related to the fact that there are increasing global public health problems pertaining to all neurological conditions, including diseases by faulty genes, degenerative diseases, diseases of blood vessels that supply the brain, injuries to the spinal cord and brain, seizure disorders, cancers, brain tumours, infections such as meningitis as well as developmental disorders. [1] All of these conditions have a huge neuropsychological, psychosocial and quality-of-life impact. The lack of access to evidence-based treatment and care for psychological health has reached a critical point and a concerted national effort is needed to address this public health crisis.
Factors Influencing Residents’ Willingness to Contract With General Practitioners in Guangzhou, China, During the GP Policy Trial Phase: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use

This study aimed to investigate the current contract rate and residents’ willingness to contract with general practitioner (GP) services in Guangzhou, China, during the policy trial phase, and also to explore the association of behavior contract and contract willingness with variables based on Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (ABM). In total, 160 residents from community health centers (CHCs) and 202 residents from hospitals were recruited in this study. The outcome variables were behavior contract and contract willingness. Based on the framework of ABM, independent variables were categorized as predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors, and CHC service utilization experiences. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis models were applied to explore the associated factors. Out of 362 participants, 14.4% had contracted with GP services. For those who had not contracted with GP services, only 16.4% (51 out of 310) claimed they were willing to do so. The contract rate for community-based participants was significantly higher than that for hospital-based participants. Major reasons for not choosing to contract were perceiving no benefit from the service and concerns about the quality of CHCs. Community health center experiences and satisfaction were significantly associated with contracting among hospital-based participants. A need factor (diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes) and CHC service utilization experiences (have gotten services from the same doctor in CHCs) were significantly associated with contract willingness among CHC-based participants. Intervention to improve awareness of GP services may help to promote this service. Different intervention strategies should be used for varying resident populations.
Design of a passive irrigation controller for efficient water use in low-income countries

Efficient irrigation water usage is vital for low-income countries to keep up with projected population and income growth. Current weather- and soil-moisture-based smart irrigation controllers are not easily transferable to the economic and technological context of low-income countries and small remote farms. This paper presents the design of a passive automated irrigation controller that uses standard PVC fittings locally available to our community partner in Nicaragua. The actuation of the valve in the controller is driven by the soil water tension (SWT) from unsaturated soil. The key components of the controller are a ceramic tip connected to a tube of water, a rubber membrane, and a piston that acts like a stopper for the irrigation. The piston length is designed with an initial deflection in the membrane, causing it to push back against the inlet to shut off irrigation. A model of the system composed of the Green-Ampt equation for soil-water dynamics, empirical data for the relationship between soil moisture and controller pressure, and finite element model of the membrane is used to design a controller. The initial system consists of a 2″ diameter rubber membrane and a 1″ diameter piston. The initial deflection is 1.6cm to create enough force to stop the irrigation until the SWT reaches −35kPa. The controller costs approximately $CDN130 with PVC parts purchased in Canada with retail prices. The cost is expected to drop when discounts from retail prices are actualized. The design has the potential to greatly reduce water usage in drip irrigation systems.
Disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals

Abstract Since its development and theorisation in the 60s, attachment theory has greatly influenced both clinical and developmental psychology suggesting the existence of complex dynamics based on the relationship between an infant and its caregiver, that affects personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Many studies have been conducted to explore the association between attachment styles and psychosocial functioning and mental health. By contrast, only a few studies have investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of attachment style, showing mixed results. Therefore, in this review, we described current evidence from structural and functional imaging studies with the final aim to disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals. Overall, different attachment styles have been correlated with volumetric alterations mainly in the cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and anterior temporal pole. Consistently, functional imaging studies suggested patterns of activations in fronto-striatal-limbic circuits during the processing of social and attachment-related stimuli. Further studies are needed to clarify the neurobiological signature of attachment style, possibly taking into consideration a wide range of demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors that may mediate the associations between the style of attachment and brain systems (e.g., gender, personality traits, psychosocial functioning, early-life experience).
Surface Motion Capture Transfer with Gaussian Process Regression

We address the problem of transferring motion between captured 4D models. We particularly focus on human subjects for which the ability to automatically augment 4D datasets, by propagating movements between subjects, is of interest in a great deal of recent vision applications that builds on human visual corpus. Given 4D training sets for two subjects for which a sparse set of corresponding keyposes are known, our method is able to transfer a newly captured motion from one subject to the other. With the aim to generalize transfers to input motions possibly very diverse with respect to the training sets, the method contributes with a new transfer model based on non-linear pose interpolation. Building on Gaussian process regression, this model intends to capture and preserve individual motion properties, and thereby realism, by accounting for pose inter-dependencies during motion transfers. Our experiments show visually qualitative, and quantitative, improvements over existing pose-mapping methods and confirm the generalization capabilities of our method compared to state of the art.
Fine‐mapping of a novel premenopausal breast cancer susceptibility locus at Chr4q31.22 in Caucasian women and validation in African and Chinese women

We previously identified a novel breast cancer susceptibility variant on chromosome 4q31.22 locus (rs1429142) conferring risk among women of European ancestry. Here, we report replication of findings, validation of the variant in diverse populations and fine‐mapping of the associated locus in Caucasian population. The SNP rs1429142 (C/T, minor allele frequency 18%) showed association for the overall breast cancer risk in Stages 1–4 (n = 4,331 cases/4271 controls; p = 4.35 × 10−8; odds ratio, ORC‐allele,1.25), and an elevated risk among premenopausal women (n = 1,503 cases/4271 controls; p = 5.81 × 10−10; ORC‐allele 1.40) in European populations. SNP rs1429142 was associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk in women of African (T/C; p‐value 1.45 × 10−02; ORC‐allele 1.2) but not from Chinese ancestry. Fine‐mapping of the locus revealed several potential causal variants which are present within a single association signal, revealed from the conditional regression analysis. Functional annotation of the potential causal variants revealed three putative SNPs rs1366691, rs1429139 and rs7667633 with active enhancer functions inferred based on histone marks, DNase hypersensitive sites in breast cell line data. These putative variants were bound by transcription factors (C‐FOS, STAT1/3 and POL2/3) with known roles in inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, Hi‐C data revealed several short‐range interactions in the fine‐mapped locus harboring the putative variants. The fine mapped locus was predicted to be within a single topologically associated domain, potentially facilitating enhancer–promoter interactions possibly leading to the regulation of nearby genes.
Criteria for classification of protein–energy wasting in dialysis patients: impact on prevalence

Abstract Malnutrition is highly prevalent in dialysis patients and associated with poor outcomes. In 2008, protein–energy wasting (PEW) was coined by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM), as a single pathological condition in which undernourishment and hypercatabolism converge. In 2014, a new simplified score was described using serum creatinine adjusted for body surface area (sCr/BSA) to replace a reduction of muscle mass over time in the muscle wasting category. We have now compared PEW–ISRNM 2008 and PEW-score 2014 to evaluate the prevalence of PEW and the risk of death in 109 haemodialysis patients. This was a retrospective analysis of cross sectional data with a median prospective follow-up of 20 months. The prevalence of PEW was 41 % for PEW–ISRNM 2008 and 63 % for PEW-score 2014 (P <0·002). Using PEW-score 2014: twenty-nine patients (27 %) had severe malnutrition (PEW-score 2014 0–1) and forty (37 %) with moderate malnutrition (score 2). Additionally, thirty-three (30 %) patients had mild wasting and only seven patients (6 %) presented a normal nutritional status. sCr/BSA correlated with lean total mass (R 0·46. P<0·001). A diagnosis of PEW according to PEW-score 2014, but not according to PEW–ISRNM 2008, was significantly associated with short-term mortality (P=0·0349) in univariate but not in multivariate analysis (P=0·069). In conclusion, the new PEW-score 2014 incorporating sCr/BSA identifies a higher number of dialysis PEW patients than PEW–ISRNM 2008. Whereas PEW-score-2014 provides timelier and therefore more clinically relevant information, its association with early mortality needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Factors Impacting the Intention to Use Emergency Notification Services in Campus Emergencies: An Empirical Investigation

Research problem: This study investigates the factors influencing students' intentions to use emergency notification services to receive news about campus emergencies through short-message systems (SMS) and social network sites (SNS). Research questions: (1) What are the critical factors that influence students' intention to use SMS to receive emergency notifications? (2) What are the critical factors that influence students' intention to use SNS to receive emergency notifications? Literature review: By adapting Media Richness theory and prior research on emergency notifications, we propose that perceived media richness, perceived trust in information, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and perceived social influence impact the intention to use SMS and SNS to receive emergency notifications. Methodology: We conducted a quantitative, survey-based study that tested our model in five different scenarios, using logistic regression to test the research hypotheses with 574 students of a large research university in the northeastern US. Results and discussion: Results suggest that students' intention to use SNS is impacted by media richness, perceived benefit, and social influence, while students' intention to use SMS is influenced by trust and perceived benefit. Implications to emergency managers suggest how to more effectively manage and market the service through both channels. The results also suggest using SNS as an additional means of providing emergency notifications at academic institutions.
Bartonella quintana and Typhus Group Rickettsiae Exposure among Homeless Persons, Bogotá, Colombia

In 2015, we investigated Bartonella quintana and typhus group rickettsiae in body lice from homeless persons in Bogotá, Colombia. We found B. quintana–infected body lice and seroprevalence of this microorganism in 19% of homeless persons and typhus group rickettsiae in 56%. Public health professionals should start preemptive measures and active vector control.
Targeted Delivery of Curcumin Rescues Endoplasmic Reticulum–Retained Mutant NOX2 Protein and Avoids Leukocyte Apoptosis

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by defects in the leukocyte NADP oxidase. We previously reported that sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) inhibitors could be used to rescue mutant H338Y-gp91phox protein of a particular type of CGD with a CybbC1024T mutation, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the mutant protein. In this study, we developed a novel mouse model with the CybbC1024T mutation on a Cybb knockout background and investigated the therapeutic effects of ER-targeted delivery of the SERCA inhibitor, curcumin, with poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). We found that PLGA encapsulation improved the efficacy of curcumin as a SERCA inhibitor to induce ER calcium release. ER-targeting curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs reduced and delayed extracellular calcium entry and protected the cells from mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. In vivo studies showed that ER-targeting curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs treatment enhanced neutrophil gp91phox expression, ROS production and peritoneal bacterial clearance ability of the CybbC1024T transgenic Cybb−/− mice. Our findings indicate that ER-targeted delivery of curcumin not only rescues ER-retained H338Y-gp91phox protein, and hence leukocyte function, but also enhances the bioavailability and reduces cytotoxicity. Modulation of ER function by using organelle-targeted NPs may be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of curcumin as a treatment for CGD.
Brain networks construction using Bayes FDR and average power function

Brain functional connectivity is a widely investigated topic in neuroscience. In recent years, the study of brain connectivity has been largely aided by graph theory. The link between time series recorded at multiple locations in the brain and the construction of a graph is usually an adjacency matrix. The latter converts a measure of the connectivity between two time series, typically a correlation coefficient, into a binary choice on whether the two brain locations are functionally connected or not. As a result, the choice of a threshold τ over the correlation coefficient is key. In the present work, we propose a multiple testing approach to the choice of τ that uses the Bayes false discovery rate and a new estimator of the statistical power called average power function to balance the two types of statistical error. We show that the proposed average power function estimator behaves well both in case of independence and weak dependence of the tests and it is reliable under several simulated dependence conditions. Moreover, we propose a robust method for the choice of τ using the 5% and 95% percentiles of the average power function and False Discovery Rate bootstrap distributions, respectively, to improve stability. We applied our approach to functional magnetic resonance imaging and high density electroencephalogram data.
Same old Salmo? Changes in life history and demographic trends of North Iberian salmonids since the Upper Palaeolithic as revealed by archaeological remains and beast analyses

Life history traits determine fitness and hence the ability of populations and species to survive through adverse conditions. Therefore, identifying temporal changes in life history traits over large timescales is necessary to understand and predict the effect of current global change on wild populations. In this study, we compare life history traits between Palaeolithic and present‐day vertebrates, analysing the number of winters spent in the river and at sea by North Iberian salmonids (Salmo salar and Salmo trutta) from two separate time frames: the Upper Palaeolithic, based on archaeological remains, and the present day, based on sport catches. The river stage did not change significantly, but the marine period has been shortened in modern anadromous specimens, accordingly shortening mean generation time. Population growth rates have been estimated through Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial DNA control region of modern specimens for the two Salmo species using two different mutation rates (1% and 3.6%). Coincidence of coalescent Ne estimates with independent Ne calculated from catches suggests that the 3.6% mutation rate fits better the evolution of the studied populations. Population growth rate declines would have occurred in the last millennium and could be explained by a combination of climatic events and anthropogenic activities.