Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive brain cancer imaging with a bispecific antibody fragment, generated via click chemistry

Significance Given the success of combination therapies for the treatment of cancer, the use of bispecific antibodies targeting multiple cancerous molecular pathways is an attractive strategy to enhance the efficacy of current therapeutic paradigms. However, parallel development of companion diagnostic tools is essential for patient identification, stratification, and the early assessment of treatment efficacies. Herein, we describe the generation of a bispecific construct for noninvasive PET imaging of glioblastoma via bioorthogonal click chemistry. The excellent tumor-homing properties displayed by our bispecific probe, which features two antibody fragments simultaneously targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and CD105, demonstrated that our approach is a simple and effective method to generate multispecific targeting agents for noninvasive molecular imaging. Early diagnosis remains a task of upmost importance for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. Successful development of highly specific companion diagnostics targeting aberrant molecular pathways of cancer is needed for sensitive detection, accurate diagnosis, and opportune therapeutic intervention. Herein, we generated a bispecific immunoconjugate [denoted as Bs-F(ab)2] by linking two antibody Fab fragments, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Fab and an anti-CD105 Fab, via bioorthogonal “click” ligation of trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine. PET imaging of mice bearing U87MG (EGFR/CD105+/+) tumors with 64Cu-labeled Bs-F(ab)2 revealed a significantly enhanced tumor uptake [42.9 ± 9.5 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g); n = 4] and tumor-to-background ratio (tumor/muscle ratio of 120.2 ± 44.4 at 36 h postinjection; n = 4) compared with each monospecific Fab tracer. Thus, we demonstrated that dual targeting of EGFR and CD105 provides a synergistic improvement on both affinity and specificity of 64Cu-NOTA-Bs-F(ab)2. 64Cu-NOTA-Bs-F(ab)2 was able to visualize small U87MG tumor nodules (<5 mm in diameter), owing to high tumor uptake (31.4 ± 10.8%ID/g at 36 h postinjection) and a tumor/muscle ratio of 76.4 ± 52.3, which provided excellent sensitivity for early detection. Finally, we successfully confirmed the feasibility of a ZW800-1–labeled Bs-F(ab)2 for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgical resection of U87MG tumors. More importantly, our rationale can be used in the construction of other disease-targeting bispecific antibody fragments for early detection and diagnosis of small malignant lesions.
Communication and control of wide-area power systems: A survey

The safe and stable control of modern large-scale wide-area power systems is quite important for the economical operation of power systems. Recently, it has received much research attention. In this paper, we aim to give a survey on the communication and control of wide-area power systems. Communication constraints, NCS modeling of wide-area power systems and stability analysis and coordinated control of wide-area power systems are discussed. Finally, some possible future research directions are pointed out.
Deaf Adolescents' Metacognitive Knowledge About School-Related Reading

Twenty-nine prelingually and profoundly deaf adolescents were interviewed individually to assess their metacognitive knowledge about school-related reading. A descriptive analysis of the data indicated that the students' schemata for school-related reading were largely skillbased and passive. The schemata apparently lacked mature metacognitive knowledge that would enable the students to gain the most from their reading instruction and become more sophisticated independent readers. Further research on classroom reading instruction is needed.
Good species despite massive hybridization: genetic research on the contact zone between the watersnakes Nerodia sipedon and N. fasciata in the Carolinas, USA

Genomic markers generated with the amplified fragment length polymorphism method revealed extensive, panmictic‐like hybridization along the narrow contact zone between the water snakes Nerodia sipedon and Nerodia fasciata in the Carolinas, USA. However, asymmetric distributions of diagnostic markers between both species and low frequencies of backcrossed hybrids with a high value of interspecific mixture infer selection against certain genotypes. This is consistent with a pronounced genetic and morphological preponderance of N. fasciata characters in the hybrid zone. Despite massive hybridization within the contact zone, the existence of nearly fixed genetic markers and the potential inferiority of certain hybrid genotypes support the species status of the two taxa and corroborate known, but nondiagnostic differences in morphology and ecology. This study stretches the applicability of species concepts to cases, where the genetic compatibility between two closely related species is very high, yet, they still evolve and persist as independent entities.
The I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery System enhances delivery of alpha1-antitrypsin with controlled inhalation.

BACKGROUND Inhaled alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is being developed for treatment of cystic fibrosis to protect the lungs from excessive free elastase. High drug costs mandate a very efficient aerosol system to deliver a high payload to the airways. The I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) System is a portable, electronic, vibrating mesh nebulizer that delivers aerosol only during inhalation. It can be operated in conventional tidal breathing mode (TBM) or in target inhalation mode (TIM) that guides the patient to inhale deeply and slowly. The purposes of this in vitro study were to determine aerosol characteristics, device efficiency, and delivery time of AAT using the I-neb AAD System with TBM and TIM. METHODS We studied the I-neb AAD System in TBM and TIM (inspiratory time 6 or 9 sec) using a breath simulator. The loaded dose was 0.5 mL AAT (50 mg/mL). Nebulized drug captured on an inspiratory filter was reported as emitted dose. Particle size was measured by laser diffraction. Predicted lung doses were calculated based on the results of a prior scintigraphy study of the I-neb AAD System. RESULTS Particle size (VMD) for TBM and TIM was similar (4.4-4.8 microm). The emitted doses were very high and similar between modes (82-90% of loaded dose). Predicted lung dose of AAT (percent of loaded dose) and delivery times were: TBM 56.6% in 7.5 min; TIM-6 59.9% in 4.4 min; and TIM-9 64.5% in 2.5 min. CONCLUSIONS The I-neb AAD System enhanced AAT delivery by inhalation-only aerosol generation and a low-residual dose. Predicted lung dose was high for both TBM and TIM, but longer inspiratory times with TIM reduced the administration time to one-third that of tidal breathing. We conclude that slow, deep, controlled inspirations using the I-neb AAD System is an efficient method to deliver AAT.
BAS: Balanced Acceptance Sampling of Natural Resources

To design an efficient survey or monitoring program for a natural resource it is important to consider the spatial distribution of the resource. Generally, sample designs that are spatially balanced are more efficient than designs which are not. A spatially balanced design selects a sample that is evenly distributed over the extent of the resource. In this article we present a new spatially balanced design that can be used to select a sample from discrete and continuous populations in multi‐dimensional space. The design, which we call balanced acceptance sampling, utilizes the Halton sequence to assure spatial diversity of selected locations. Targeted inclusion probabilities are achieved by acceptance sampling. The BAS design is conceptually simpler than competing spatially balanced designs, executes faster, and achieves better spatial balance as measured by a number of quantities. The algorithm has been programed in an R package freely available for download.
A Modified Sequential Regimen of Helicobacterpylori Treatment Enforced by Bacillus clausii and Zinc Carnosine Complex Yields High Eradication Rates

Helicobacter pylorimay impose significant deleterious effects on the stomach, being the most common cause of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, MALT lymphomaand gastric malignancy, this makes eradication of this infection of prime importance to health care professionals [1,2]. The eradication response by the triple therapy, used to achieve a success rate over 90% in the early nineties but had declined to less than 70% currently which had raised concerns about cure of this infection and evoked the interest amongst researchers to develop more effective and reliable regimens of treatment [3-6]. The observed failure of eradication by the triple therapy appears to be related mainly to resistance to the antibiotics clarithromycin and metronidazole. Non-compliance, caused by the side effects of the drugs that are used and reinfection are also other contributory factors. Several methods were recommended to overcome the decline in the outcome of triple therapy. Modifying the triple therapy by changing clarithromycin with levofloxacin was associated with a considerable improvement in Helicobacter pylori eradication [7,8]. The sequential regimen of therapy and the addition of adjuvant agents to enforce the response to antibioticshave also emerged as other alternative ways that had gained wide acceptance lately.
Leveraging Philanthropic Behavior for Customer Support: The Case of User Support Forums

Online user forums for technical support are being widely adopted by IT firms to supplement traditional customer support channels. Customers benefit from having an additional means of product support, while firms benefit by lowering the costs of supporting a large customer base. Typically these forums are populated with content generated by users, consisting of questioners (solution seekers) and solvers (solution providers). While questioners can be expected to keep returning as long as they can find answers, firms must employ different means in order to recognize and encourage the contributions of solvers. We identify and compare the impact of two widely adopted recognition mechanisms on the philanthropic behavior of solvers. In the first mechanism, feedback-based recognition, solver contribution is evaluated by questioners. In the second mechanism, quantity-based recognition, all contributions are weighted equally regardless of questioner feedback. We draw on the pro-social behavior literature to identify four drivers of solver contribution: (1) peer recognition, (2) image motivation, (3) social comparison, and (4) social exposure. We show that the choice of recognition mechanism strongly influences a solver's problem-solving behavior, highlighting the importance of the firm's decision in this regard. We address issues of solvers self-selecting a type of recognition mechanism by using propensity score analysis in order to show that solver behavior is a result of forum conditioning. We also study the impact of the recognition mechanism on forum quality and the effectiveness of support to draw comparative analytics.
Fast Broadband Beamforming Using Nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform for Underwater Real-Time 3-D Acoustical Imaging

A broadband 2-D array is necessary for the application of underwater real-time 3-D high-resolution acoustical imaging. However, the number of sensors and beams is so large that the computational load is overly high for generating a 3-D image in real time, when using the conventional broadband beamforming methods. Therefore, a fast broadband beamforming method is needed. In this paper, a fast broadband frequency-domain beamforming method based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform is proposed for underwater real-time 3-D acoustical imaging. The computational load of the proposed method is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that by the conventional frequency-domain direct method. Compared with the conventional time-domain delay-and-sum method, the computational load required by the proposed method will be lowered by approximately three orders of magnitude. Moreover, unlike the chirp zeta transform (CZT) beamforming method which is only suitable for equispaced 2-D arrays or sparse arrays thinned from equispaced 2-D arrays, the proposed method can be applied to arbitrary 2-D arrays. Even for the arrays available for the CZT method, the computational load needed by using the proposed method is still lower than that needed by using the CZT method in most cases.
Comparison of Various Methods of Dissociation of Anti‐D, using 131I‐labelled Antibody

Five different methods of dissociating antibody from red cells were investigated, using 131I‐labelled anti‐D. A method of dissociation at acid pH is described which will give 80% recovery of antibody. A modification of the simple method described by Rubin [10] using ether was found to give 70% recovery.
Acute and chronic effects of bone ablation with a pulsed holmium laser

A pulsed holmium laser transmitted through a quartz fiber was used to create osteotomies in the facial bones and sinuses of rabbits. The ablation process was quantified and residual thermal injury was assessed by light microscopy. Adjacent thermal damage was determined to vary between 130 and 220 pm and was independent of radiant exposure and pulse repetition rate. In other studies, large osteotomies were made to examine the biological response and to assess the technical feasibility of using fiber‐delivered laser pulses in an operative setting. The animals tolerated the procedure without obvious problems and postoperative follow‐up revealed a vigorous healing response. Because it can ablate both bone and soft tissue and can be transmitted through readily available, flexible quartz fibers, the holmium laser may prove to be a useful adjunct to endoscopic sinus surgical procedures.
TripleMon: A multi-layer security framework for mediating inter-process communication on Android

As smartphones have become an indispensable part of daily life, mobile users are increasingly relying on them to process personal information with feature-rich applications. This situation requires robust security mechanisms for protecting sensitive applications and data on mobile devices. Android, as one the most popular smartphone operating systems, provides two core security mechanisms, application sandboxing and a permission system. However, recent studies show that these mech- anisms are vulnerable to be passed by a variety of attacks. In this paper, we argue for the need of designing and implementing more comprehensive security mechanisms for Android. We realize that mediating Inter-Process Communication (IPC) channels used by Android applications can mitigate prominent attacks effectively and efficiently. Based on this observation, we propose a practical multi-layer security framework called TRIPLEMON to support policy-based mediation on Android IPC. We also dis- cuss and evaluate a proof-of-concept prototype of TRIPLEMON along with the experimental results derived from real malware samples and synthetic attacks.
DeplOyment and seCurisaTion of new functiOnalities in virtualized networking enviRonnements Deliverable D 2 . 1 Security analysis of the virtualized NDN architecture Version 1 . 2 , 20 January 2016

This document surveys the security issues that can affect the virtualized Named Data Networking architecture which proper deployment and management constitutes the main goal of the DOCTOR project. From the state of the art, we first describe the most critical attacks on the disruptive networking technologies used in the project, namely NDN to transport the data and SDN/NFV to build the virtual infrastructure. In a second time, we identify four critical attack scenarios that will guide the security monitoring and orchestration of the upcoming DOCTOR architecture. Deliverable D2.1: Security analysis of the virtualized NDN architecture 2/44 DOCTOR Project, <ANR-14-CE28-0001> TABLE OF CONTENTS
Construction of mammography phantoms with a 3D printer and tested with a TIMEPIX system

We present a new mammography phantom made of hydroxyapatite crystals with different sizes and shapes, to emulate anthropomorphic microcalcifications, which we locate at different depths of a PMMA embedding material. The aim of the phantom presented is to address some issues of the standard commercial ones that are being used for comparing 3D vs 2D mammography systems. We present X-ray images, taken under the same conditions, for both a commercial phantom and the new proposed phantom. We compare signal to noise ratios (SNR) obtained for both cases. This phantom has been constructed to be easily assembled within different configurations to emulate modified features that might be of medical interest.
A new model of interactive effects of alcohol and high-fat diet on hepatic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most frequent conditions leading to elevated liver enzymes and liver cirrhosis, respectively, in the Western world. However, despite strong epidemiological evidence for combined effects on the progression of liver injury, the mutual interaction of the pathophysiological mechanisms is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to establish and analyze an experimental murine model, where we combined chronic alcohol administration with a NASH-inducing high-fat (HF) diet. METHODS Balb/c mice were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups receiving (i) standard chow, (ii) an HF diet, (iii) alcohol in drinking water (increasing concentrations up to 5%), or (iv) an HF diet and alcohol ad libitum for 6 weeks. RESULTS An HF diet significantly induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation and expression of proinflammatory genes (p47(phox) and tumor necrosis factor), while the effects of alcohol alone were less pronounced. However, in combination with HF diet, alcohol significantly enhanced proinflammatory gene expression compared to the HF diet alone. Furthermore, alcohol as well as HF diet led to a marked increase in profibrogenic genes (collagen type I and transforming growth factor-β), activation of hepatic stellate cells, and extracellular matrix deposition in the liver tissue, and noteworthy, the combination of both alcohol and HF diet led to a further marked induction of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, endotoxin levels in the portal circulation were significantly elevated in mice that received alcohol or HF diet and were further significantly increased in those receiving both. Furthermore and surprisingly, HF diet alone and in combination with alcohol led to a markedly increased hepatic expression of the endotoxin receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is known to play a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this new model allows the investigation of isolated or joint effects of alcohol and HF diet on hepatic injury, where alcohol and HF diet appear to act synergistically on the development of hepatic fibrosis, potentially via enhanced TLR4 signaling.
Dynamic routing for multi-homed enterprise gateways

Small and medium sized businesses often operate local area networks that connect via service providers to the Internet. If multiple connections are required, there are two options available: A gateway router that operates the border gateway protocol or a simpler gateway appliance that mostly uses load balancing and often network address translation. However, there is no simple way to multi-home small networks, when access links have diverse performance parameters, capacities or costs. Dynamic overflow routing addresses this issue in a straightforward way. This paper discusses dynamic routing and details, how bandwidth resources can be managed. It gives a simple estimate that helps to forecast resources for routing decisions and it underlines the need for a bidirectional gateway routing mechanism, accounting simultaneously for upstream as well as downstream traffic.
MAPTrack - A Probabilistic Real Time Tracking Framework by Integrating Motion, Appearance and Position Models

In this paper, we present MAPTrack a robust tracking framework that uses a probabilistic scheme to combine a motion model of an object with that of its appearance and an estimation of its position. The motion of the object is modelled using the Gaussian Mixture Background Subtraction algorithm, the appearance of the tracked object is enumerated using a color histogram and the projected location of the tracked object in the image space/frame sequence is computed by applying a Gaussian to the Region of Interest. Our tracking framework is robust to abrupt changes in lighting conditions, can follow an object through occlusions, and can simultaneously track multiple moving foreground objects of different types (e.g., vehicles, human, etc.) even when they are closely spaced. It is able to start tracks automatically based on a spatio-temporal filtering algorithm. A “dynamic” integration of the framework with optical flow allows us to track videos resulting from significant camera motion. A C++ implementation of the framework has outperformed existing visual tracking algorithms on most videos in the Video Image Retrieval and Analysis Tool (VIRAT), TUD, and the Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) datasets.
Implications from Ithaca Chasma for the thermal and orbital history of Tethys

Flexural modeling of Ithaca Chasma on Tethys suggests that the elastic thickness and the surface heat flux were 5–7 km and 18–30 mW/m2 respectively, when the feature formed (∼4 Gyr B.P.). Tidal heating is a plausible heat source, suggesting that Tethys' eccentricity was higher in the past. Depending on Tethys' internal structure, eccentricities in the range 0.001 to 0.02 are sufficient to have generated the inferred heat flux. Because the eccentricity damping timescale is short, <20 Myr, it is unlikely that this eccentricity was primordial. More likely, Tethys' eccentricity increased during passage through a 3:2 resonance with Dione. In equilibrium, this resonance produces ∼2.5 mW/m2 suggesting that non‐equilibrium or periodic heating was important, similar to the case for Enceladus at present.
Assessment of non‐technical skills in the operating room – one assessment tool per specialty?

T. Wisborg and T. Manser Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Finnmark Health Trust, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway and Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Timeliness of case reporting in the Swedish statutory surveillance of communicable diseases 1998–2002

To prepare for a new communicable disease act in Sweden, we performed an in-depth analysis of the performance of the present notification system (1998–2002). Four diseases were selected for analysis (meningococcal infection, salmonellosis, infection with penicillin-resistant pneumococci and tularaemia). Each step in the double notification flow (clinical and laboratory notifications) was studied and paper-based and electronic notifications compared. More than 15 possible single dates in the notification flows were analysed for 27,000 cases. The shortest notification flows (from date of sample collection to when the first notification was received at SMI – clinical or laboratory notification) were seen for meningococcal infections and salmonellosis (median 7 d) and the longest for tularaemia (11 d). Laboratory notifications were faster than clinical notifications, and electronic reporting 1.5–1.7 times faster than paper notifications. Further gains should be expected from the new electronic reporting system (SmiNet2), which will allow also clinical reporting electronically over the internet.