Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Pea Epicotyl beta-Amylase.

The most abundant beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was purified greater than 880-fold from epicotyls of etiolated germinating seedlings by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, glycogen precipitation, and preparative electrophoresis. The electrophoretic mobility and relative abundance of this beta-amylase are the same as that of an exoamylase previously reported to be primarily vacuolar. The enzyme was determined to be a beta-amylase by end product analysis and by its inability to hydrolyze beta-limit dextrin and to release dye from starch azure. Pea beta-amylase is an approximate 55 to 57 kilodalton monomer with a pl of 4.35, a pH optimum of 6.0 (soluble starch substrate), an Arrhenius energy of activation of 6.28 kilocalories per mole, and a K(m) of 1.67 milligrams per milliliter (soluble starch). The enzyme is strongly inhibited by heavy metals, p-chloromer-curiphenylsulfonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide, but much less strongly by iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid, indicating cysteinyl sulfhydryls are not directly involved in catalysis. Pea beta-amylase is competitively inhibited by its end product, maltose, with a K(i) of 11.5 millimolar. The enzyme is partially inhibited by Schardinger maltodextrins, with alpha-cyclohexaamylose being a stronger inhibitor than beta-cycloheptaamylose. Moderately branched glucans (e.g. amylopectin) were better substrates for pea beta-amylase than less branched or non-branched (amyloses) or highly branched (glycogens) glucans. The enzyme failed to hydrolyze native starch grains from pea and glucans smaller than maltotetraose. The mechanism of pea beta-amylase is the multichain type. Possible roles of pea beta-amylase in cellular glucan metabolism are discussed.
A financial CCAPM and economic inequalities

This paper considers a wealth heterogeneous multi-agent (MA) financial pricing CCAPM model. It is based on the following observations: (a) A distinction between what agents are willing to pay for consumption and what they actually pay. The former is a function of a number of factors including the agent’s wealth and risk preferences and the latter is a function of all other agents’ aggregate consumption or equivalently, their wealth committed to consumption. (b) Unlike traditional pricing models that define a representative agent underlying the pricing model, this paper assumes that each agent is in fact ‘Cournot-gaming’ a market defined by all other agents. This results in a decomposition of an n-agents game into n games of two agents, one a specific agent and the other a synthetic agent (a proxy for all other agents), on the basis of which an equilibrium consumption price solution is defined. The paper’s essential results are twofold. First, a Martingale pricing model is defined for each individual agent expressing the consumer willingness to pay (his utility price) and the market price—the price that all agents pay for consumption. In this sense, price is unique defined by each agent’s ‘Cournot game’ Agents’ consumption are then adjusted accordingly to meet the market price. Second, the pricing model defined is shown to account for agents wealth distribution pointing out that all agents valuations are a function of their and others’ wealth, the information they have about each other and other factors which are discussed in the text. When an agent has no wealth or cannot affect the market price of consumption, then this pricing model is reduced to the standard CCAPM model while any agent with an appreciable wealth compared to other agents, is shown to value returns (and thus future consumption) less than wealth-poor agents. As a result, this paper will argue that even in a financial market with an infinite number of agents, if there are some agents that are large enough to affect the market price by their decisions, such agents have an arbitrage advantage over the poorer agents. The financial CCAPM MA pricing model has a number of implications, some of which are considered in this paper. Finally, some simple examples are considered to highlight the applicability of this paper to specific financial issues.
A new description of orthogonal bases

We show that an orthogonal basis for a finite-dimensional Hilbert space can be equivalently characterised as a commutative †-Frobenius monoid in the category FdHilb, which has finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces as objects and continuous linear maps as morphisms, and tensor product for the monoidal structure. The basis is normalised exactly when the corresponding commutative †-Frobenius monoid is special. Hence, both orthogonal and orthonormal bases are characterised without mentioning vectors, but just in terms of the categorical structure: composition of operations, tensor product and the †-functor. Moreover, this characterisation can be interpreted operationally, since the †-Frobenius structure allows the cloning and deletion of basis vectors. That is, we capture the basis vectors by relying on their ability to be cloned and deleted. Since this ability distinguishes classical data from quantum data, our result has important implications for categorical quantum mechanics.
Contrasting Roles of IL-22 and IL-17 in Murine Genital Tract Infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Murine genital tract infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae has previously been found to induce IL-17 which is important in both recruitment of neutrophils and prompt clearance of the infection. As IL-22 is another Th17-related cytokine that has been implicated in the immune responses in several infection models, we investigated its role in vaginal gonococcal infection of mice. Production of IL-22 was observed in response to stimulation with N. gonorrhoeae in both mouse splenic mononuclear cells and vaginal tissue explants cultured ex vivo. Tissue from mice genetically deficient in IL-22 showed diminished production of IL-6 and the CXC chemokine KC in response to N. gonorrhoeae, whereas IL-17 and the chemokines LIX and MIP-2α were produced to the same extent as in wild-type tissue. IL-22-deficient mice were unexpectedly resistant to genital tract infection with N. gonorrhoeae in vivo, but showed no change in the influx of neutrophils to the site of infection. These results reveal divergent roles for IL-17 and IL-22 in response to gonococcal infection.
Inhaled Sodium Nitrite Improves Rest and Exercise Hemodynamics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

RATIONALE Abnormalities in nitric oxide signaling play a pivotal role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Intravenous sodium nitrite, which is converted to nitric oxide in vivo, improves hemodynamics in HFpEF, but its use is limited by the need for parenteral administration. Nitrite can also be administered using a novel, portable micronebulizer system suitable for chronic use. OBJECTIVE Determine whether inhaled nitrite improves hemodynamics in HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, subjects with HFpEF (n=26) underwent cardiac catheterization with simultaneous expired gas analysis at rest and during exercise before and after treatment with inhaled sodium nitrite (90 mg) or placebo. The primary end point was the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise. Before study drug administration, HFpEF subjects displayed an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with exercise from 20±6 to 34±7 mm Hg (P<0.0001). After study drug administration, exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was substantially improved by nitrite as compared with placebo (baseline-adjusted mean 25±5 versus 31±6 mm Hg; analysis of covariance P=0.022). Inhaled nitrite reduced resting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (-4±3 versus -1±2 mm Hg; P=0.002), improved pulmonary artery compliance (+1.5±1.1 versus +0.6±0.9 mL/mm Hg), and decreased mean pulmonary artery pressures at rest (-7±4 versus -3±4 mm Hg; P=0.007) and with exercise (-10±6 versus -5±6 mm Hg; P=0.05). Nitrite reduced right atrial pressures, with no effect on cardiac output or stroke volume. CONCLUSIONS Acute administration of inhaled sodium nitrite reduces biventricular filling pressures and pulmonary artery pressures at rest and during exercise in HFpEF. Further study is warranted to evaluate chronic effects of inhaled nitrite in HFpEF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This single center randomized clinical trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02262078).
Classification Criteria for Governing the Implementation Process of Service-Oriented ERP Systems - An Analysis Based on New Institutional Economics

Service-oriented ERP systems promise to allow for a fine-grained alignment of IT with the specific functional requirements of an organization's business processes. In this regard, studies particularly emphasize the potential to flexibly exchange services by means of market-based transactions. One important aspect widely neglected, however, is the endeavor of governing the implementation process of this new kind of information systems. Having applied New Institutional Economics, our research reveals that this implementation process, on the contrary, even calls for rather hierarchical modes of governance. However, different types of activities relevant to implementing a service-oriented system have to be taken into account. Hence, in this paper we present a set of criteria enabling organizations to classify these activities in more detail and to choose a suitable mode of governance. We demonstrate the approach by means of an example and indicate directions for future research.
Geographically Distributed Enterprise Architecting: Towards a Theoretical Framework

Enterprise architecting is becoming critical for most modern organizations whose competitive strategies are tightly linked to the underlying information technology (IT) infrastructure. The reason for this is that an enterprise architecture takes a holistic view of the business processes and functions and the information technologies supporting them, rather than the more detailed perspectives provided with application-by-application views. Our understanding of effective enterprise architecting activities is still evolving and this practice is replete with challenges. These challenges are further compounded by the fact that organizations are often geographically dispersed. Furthermore, business processes, technology infrastructure components, information and the people involved may be distributed in different geographic configurations, making it very difficult to comprehend their organization. In this article, we make a first attempt at providing a theoretical framework to guide our thinking for practice and research in this area. We build on the foundations of coordination theory and geographically distributed collaboration research.
Electronic properties of metal-molecular nanojunctions and networks

Electronics based on individual molecules is often considered the ultimate form of miniaturization for future "beyond CMOS" technologies and hybrid integrated circuits. In this work, we investigate nanoscale metal-molecular junctions and networks composed of interconnected molecules and metallic clusters. Molecular modeling via Austin Model 1 (AMI) semi-empirical methods is used to study the electronic properties of several classes of metal-molecular nanojunctions and networks, including linear chains and multi-terminal networks. The HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital)-LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps of the molecular systems decrease by several eV after the introduction of Al clusters. Molecular orbitals near the HOMO-LUMO gap of benzenedithiol molecular networks show good delocalization whereas those composed of alkanedithiol molecules were mainly localized to the metallic clusters. In addition, it was found that the frontier orbital level spacing decreased as the size of the molecular networks increased, approaching band formation for the largest structures studied. The HOMO-LUMO gap was also found to decrease with increasing network size while both HOMO and LUMO level shifts for larger structures indicated a decreased barrier to electron transport. These results provide an avenue for engineering electronics at the molecular level by using superstructures of different molecules and topologies.
Artificial adaptive agent model characterized by learning and fairness in the ultimatum games

This paper examines the result of the experimental research on the ultimatum games through simulation analysis. To do so, we develop agent-based simulation system imitating the behavior of human subjects in the laboratory experiment by implementing a learning mechanism involving a concept of fairness. In our agent-based simulation system, mechanisms of decision making and learning are constructed on the basis of neural networks and genetic algorithms. Keywords—artificial adaptive agents, simulation, games, behav-
Gaussian mixtures for intensity modeling of spots in microscopy

In confocal microscopy imaging, the target objects are labeled with fluorescent markers in the living specimen, and usually appear as spots in the observed images. Spot detection and analysis is an important task for the biological studies from the observed images. However, while the spots have irregular sizes and positions due to the variant amount of objects on each spot, the quantitative interpretation of the labeled objects is still heavily reliant on manual evaluation. In this paper, a novel shape modeling algorithm is proposed for automating the detection and analysis of the spots of interest. The algorithm exploits a Gaussian mixture model to characterize the spatial intensity distribution of the spots, and optimizes the model parameters using split-and-merge expectation maximization (SMEM) algorithm. As a result, a large amount of target objects with uncertain shapes can be analyzed in a systematic way.
OSFA: A New Paradigm of Aging Aware Gate-Sizing for Power/Performance Optimizations Under Multiple Operating Conditions

Modern systems-on-a-chip and microprocessors, e.g., those in smart phones and laptops, typically have multiple operating conditions, such as video streaming, Web browsing, standby, and so on. They will have different performance targets and run under different supply voltages. Gate sizing (with threshold voltage assignment) is a fundamental step for power/performance optimization. However, conventional gate sizing algorithms only consider one scenario, e.g., the performance-critical operating condition, which may be over-design for other operating conditions. In addition, reliability has become a prime concern in nanometer designs, and gate sizing has been employed to mitigate aging. However: 1) previous aging-affected delay models do not take into account more than one operating condition to estimate the aging impact and 2) earlier aging aware gate sizing algorithms only consider one operating condition at a time. In this paper, we present a new paradigm of aging aware gate sizing, one-size-fits-all (OSFA), which performs power/performance optimizations across multiple operating conditions. The existing delay model for negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is extended to take into account multiple operating conditions, and incorporated into our OSFA framework. Based on OSFA, we also adjust the supply voltage targeting overall power optimization. A speed-up heuristic is proposed to scale our OSFA design space exploration methodology for higher number of operating conditions. Experimental results on industry-strength benchmarks demonstrate that: 1) compared with conventional approach OSFA could provide an average 6.1% reduction in power without performance loss; 2) NBTI-aware OSFA framework can provide significant improvement in comparison with guard-band based traditional NBTI-aware gate sizing approach; and 3) percentage savings compared to conventional methodology increases with the number of operating conditions.
A Sphere Decoder with Approximate QR Decomposition for Frequency-Selective Channels

This paper presents a method to significantly reduce the preprocessing complexity of the sphere decoder (SD) in frequency-selective channels. The method consists of calculating an approximate QR decomposition (AQRD) of the channel matrix, making use of its special Toeptliz and block-Topelitz structure in single and multiple-antenna frequency-selective channels, respectively. The AQRD obtains the QR decomposition of a small submatrix of the channel matrix and extends that result to the rest of the matrix, resulting in a considerable complexity reduction compared to the original full QR decomposition (FQRD). Simulation results show that, despite the lower complexity of the AQRD, it causes only a small bit error rate (BER) performance degradation in the SD.
User performance measures for evaluating interactive TV pointing devices

This study evaluated remote pointing devices for testing that are applicable to interactive TV (iTV). With a standard Mouse 2.0 as the baseline condition, empirical experiments were conducted on new pointing devices for three different interaction methods. For measurement, a directional task on a straight trail based on Fitts' law specified in ISO 9241-9 and a steering tunnel task on a curved trail based on Steering law were performed. As a result of the evaluation for movement on a straight trail, Hall mouse and OFN showed a higher accuracy than GyroPoint, whereas GyroPoint showed a faster speed than the other methods. The evaluation on a curved trail, however, found that the speed and accuracy of GyroPoint, Hall mouse, and OFN were all excellent. These results suggest that pointing devices can exhibit different performances by task. In this study, a curved trail was considered in addition to the straight trail specified in ISO 9241-9 for measurement of interactive pointing devices, which enabled general diagnosis and evaluation for input methods that are appropriate for the actual iTV environment. Above all, this paper is meaningful in that it provides extended evaluation criteria for a curved trail that incorporates various interaction styles now being developed.
Do You Need Help? A Robot Providing Information to People Who Behave Atypically

In this work, we were interested in creating a robot service for offering help to people who appear to be in need for guidance. In order to achieve that, we first developed a technique to detect pedestrians who walk in an atypical way (e.g., people who do not know their way). In our approach, a motion model of typical pedestrians developed in our previous work was used, and a novel predictability feature was defined that quantifies how well can a person's future position be predicted using that model. The classification method based on this feature gave accurate results and outperformed alternative methods. Using this detection method, we created a robot service for offering guidance to people who were classified as atypical. Experiments done in a shopping mall have shown that the robot was successful in choosing the people to approach, and the reactions from users in the interviews were very positive.
INSTRUMENTAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA PARA NEUROQUÍMICA E ESTIMULAÇÃO CEREBRAL

This paper describes the design and construction of a detector of neurotransmitters with the use of fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and one electronic stimulator capable of exciting the subthalamic nucleus NST. The developed system may be used, for example, to stimulate brain regions take into account the dopamine concentration in order to do the rehabilitation of parkinson's patients.
Dynamic Neural Units with Applications to the Control of Unknown Nonlinear Systems

To emulate higher cognitive functions, such as sensory information processing and the attendant complexities of learning, memory storage, control, and vision, the biological neuron has to be modeled based upon feedback networks. The authors proposed such a neuronal model, called a “dynamic neural unit” DNU based upon the topology of a reverberating circuit in a neuronal pool of the central nervous system. The DNU architecture embodies delay elements, feedforward and feedback synaptic weights, and a nonlinear activation function. In this article, the concept of DNU is extended by incorporating both synaptic and somatic operations. The synaptic operation provides the optimum feed forward and feedback weights, while the somatic operation determines the optimum gain slope of the nonlinear activation function for a given task. The architectural details and the learning and adaptive algorithm to modify adjustable parameters, namely, feed forward and feedback synaptic weights, and slope of nonlinear function of the DNU are presented. The algorithm implementation of an isolated DNU is given. Considering DNU as the basic processing element, a three-stage dynamic neural network is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic neural network architecture as applied to the control of unknown nonlinear systems is discussed and extensive simulation results are presented.
Mode Selective Damping of Electromechanical Oscillations in Power Systems Considering Time Delay Uncertainty of Input Signals

Abstract This paper presents the design of an H∞-based local decentralized power system stabilizer (PSS) controllers, using selected suitable remote signals from the whole system as supplementary inputs, for a separate better damping of specific inter-area modes, considering uncertainty in time delay. The wide area or global signals are taken from suitable remote network locations where the oscillations are well observable. The PSS controller uses only those local and remote input signals in which the assigned single inter-area mode is most observable and is located at a generator which is most effective. Zusammenfassung Im Beitrag wird ein dezentraler H∞-Regler für die Dämpfung von ausgewählten Inter-Area-Oszillationen in elektrischen Übertragungsnetzen vorgestellt. Als Eingangsgrößen nutzen die lokalen Regler Signale von entfernten Standorten des Netzes wo die Schwingungen am besten zu beobachten sind und greifen auf Generatoren mit der besten Steuerbarkeit bezüglich der betrachteten Frequenz. Die Unsicherheit bei der Laufzeitverzögerung der Signale wird beim Reglerentwurf berücksichtigt.
polymorphism 5-HTTLPR , H paroxetine binding in healthy control subjects and alcohol-dependent patients and their relationships to impulsivity

w 3 x The aim of this study was to investigate H paroxetine binding and impulsivity in alcohol-dependent and . age-matched control subjects in relation to a 59-promoter region serotonin transporter 5-HTT polymorphism . 5-HTTLPR . Alcohol-dependent subjects were hypothesized to show a decreased number of bindings sites and a lower dissociation constant. 5-HTTLPR S-genotype carriers in both alcohol-dependent and control subjects were expected to show significantly fewer binding sites and a lower dissociation constant. Influences of impulsive traits, w 3 x chronic daily alcohol intake, duration of alcohol dependence, age of onset and age on H paroxetine binding were also investigated. Inpatients meeting DSM IV alcohol dependence criteria and of German descent were recruited to avoid ethnic stratification effects. One hundred and seventeen control subjects of similar social status were recruited from a town community. Blood samples were taken from both alcohol-dependent and control subjects to determine w 3 x 5-HTTLPR genotypes using PCR of lymphocyte DNA, and to perform platelet H paroxetine binding binding . capacity: B ; and dissociation constant: K. Impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt impulsiveness scale version max D . 5 BIS-5 in alcohol-dependent subjects only. Alcohol-dependent subjects were subdivided into low or high impulsivity groups using a median-split of the BIS-5 scale. The control group was slightly older than the alcohol-de- . w 3 x pendent group not statistically significant . H paroxetine binding was investigated in 72 control subjects and 72 patients, of which five patients met type 2 alcohol dependence criteria. Genotyping was carried out in all patients and w 3 x