Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane-κP)silver(I) tetrafluoridoborate

The title complex, [Ag(C18H15P)4]BF4, was prepared by the reaction of silver(I) tetrafluoridoborate and triphenylphosphane in the presence of 1,2-bis(pyridin-2-yl)ethylene. The AgI atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by four P atoms from triphenylphosphane (PPh3) ligands. Due to symmetry, the tetrafluoridoborate anion is disordered over three positions (each with one third occupancy). The tetrafluoridoborate anion does not coordinate to the AgI atom.
Base de datos sobre resultados electorales CEDE, 1958 – 2011

Este documento presenta la estructura de la primera base de datos que compila todos los resultados electorales del pais desde 1958 hasta 2011. Contiene informacion detallada sobre las elecciones de alcaldes, gobernadores, concejales, asambleistas, camara y senado, y presidencia. Adicionalmente, este documento presenta un listado de observaciones e instrucciones que se deben tener en cuenta para el manejo de la informacion.
An Olfactory Stimulus Modifies Nighttime Sleep in Young Men and Women

Aromatherapy is an anecdotal method for modifying sleep and mood. However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night‐time objective sleep remains untested. Previous studies also demonstrate superior olfactory abilities in women. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of an olfactory stimulus on subsequent sleep and assessed gender differences in such effects. Thirty‐one young healthy sleepers (16 men and 15 women, aged 18 to 30 yr, mean±SD, 20.5±2.4 yr) completed 3 consecutive overnight sessions in a sleep laboratory: one adaptation, one stimulus, and one control night (the latter 2 nights in counterbalanced order). Subjects received an intermittent presentation (first 2 min of each 10 min interval) of an olfactory (lavender oil) or a control (distilled water) stimulus between 23:10 and 23:40 h. Standard polysomnographic sleep and self‐rated sleepiness and mood data were collected. Lavender increased the percentage of deep or slow‐wave sleep (SWS) in men and women. All subjects reported higher vigor the morning after lavender exposure, corroborating the restorative SWS increase. Lavender also increased stage 2 (light) sleep, and decreased rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep and the amount of time to reach wake after first falling asleep (wake after sleep onset latency) in women, with opposite effects in men. Thus, lavender serves as a mild sedative and has practical applications as a novel, nonphotic method for promoting deep sleep in young men and women and for producing gender‐dependent sleep effects.
Isolation of 16 strains of Coxiella burnetii from patients by using a sensitive centrifugation cell culture system and establishment of the strains in HEL cells

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, may be acute or chronic. Only a few strains of C. burnetii have been isolated due to the difficulty and hazard of isolation. We report here the isolation using a centrifugation shell vial technique of 16 new strains from patients suffering chronic Q fever. Twenty-four samples were inoculated onto human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblast cell monolayers growing in shell vials. C. burnetii was detected 6 days later by using immunofluorescence. Samples from valves (n = 10), arterial prostheses (n = 2), bone (n = 3), skin biopsy (n = 1), bone marrow (n = 1), and blood (n = 5) from 16 patients were successfully cultured. Two cerebrospinal fluid samples from two patients were negative. The strains were subcultured in HEL cells and are now established. The technique is sensitive and less hazardous than animal inoculation. We recommend the shell vial technique for isolation of C. burnetii.
Advanced 5G-TCP: Transport protocol for 5G mobile networks

Development of the Next Generation Networks is ongoing process. The research community is focused on development of 5G network that will assure advanced communication. Solutions are argued on daily basis and are expected to be finalized around 2020. In this paper, we present an advanced transport protocol, designed to assure efficient data usage in the future 5G mobile networks. This transport protocol is created to prevent congestion collapses of the backhaul traffic and to assure ultra-high data rates up to 400Gbps.
5 GHz low power frequency synthesiser with dual-modulus counter

A 5 GHz low power frequency synthesiser with a dual-modulus counter (DMC) was fabricated in 0.18 m CMOS technology. The DMC allows to reduce the power consumption and to provide the functionality of the divider without a swallower counter. The settling time takes no more than 5 s with an adaptive bandwidth topology. The measured phase noise is 87 dBc/Hz and 119 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies, respectively. The reference spurs level is lower than 55 dBc at 10 MHz offset. The proposed synthesiser covers frequencies between 5.14 and 5.86 GHz in steps of 20 MHz and consumes 16.4 mW at 1.5 V supply voltage.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. Uganda Kaposi's Sarcoma Study Group.

BACKGROUND Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a clinically and epidemiologically distinct human immunodeficiency virus negative form of KS occurring in Africa. Kaposi's sarcoma is now the most frequently reported cancer in some areas of Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine if a KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is present in both endemic HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive KS lesions from African patients. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from Ugandan patients with KS and non-KS tumor control patients attending a university-based oncology clinic were examined in a blinded case-control study. Tissue DNA specimens were examined for detectable KSHV genome by nested polymerase chain reaction performed at two independent laboratories. RESULTS We identified KSHV in 17 (85%) of 20 KS tissue specimens from HIV-seronegative patients and 22 (92%) of 24 KS tissue specimens from HIV-infected persons. Kaposi's sarcoma lesions from four HIV-infected persons and four HIV-seronegative persons were positive for KSHV. Unlike previous studies in North America and Europe, three (14%) of 22 non-KS cancer control patients' tissue specimens were also positive for KSHV that resulted in an overall odds ratio of 49.2 (95% confidence interval, 9.1 to 335) for detecting KSHV in KS lesions from patients in Uganda. CONCLUSION As in North America and Europe, KSHV infection is strongly associated with both HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative KS in Africa. However, it is likely that infection with this virus is more highly prevalent in Uganda.
Improving HSDPA link adaptation by considering the age of channel quality feedback information

In this paper, we present an enhanced link adapta- tion mechanism for the high speed downlink packet access (HS- DPA) in UMTS, which takes the age of channel quality feedback information into account. This way, the system performance can be significantly improved, especially for large channel quality feedback cycles (k-factors). In order to quantify the achievable performance improvement, we present results obtained from extensive system-level simulations. Inter alia, it is shown that using the proposed link adaptation mechanism can lead to an increase in the cell capacity of up to 45%. By applying the proposed method, the disadvantages of using large k-factors consequently can be considerably reduced while the advantages remain the same.
ARDANS , PRITCHETT , AND ZEE to determine sensitivity to chloroform treatment

A viral agent was isolated from lunig tissue obtained upon necropsy of anl Arabian foal which had exhibited clinical signs of pneumonia. The virus is 75 nm in diameter, cubic in symmetry, and resistant to chloroform and low pH (3.0). It contains deoxyribonucleic acid and has a buoyant density of 1.31 g/cm' in cesium chloride. These findings indicate that the virus is a member of the adenovirus group.
Spn1 Regulates the GNBP3-Dependent Toll Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT The Drosophila genome encodes 29 serpins, most of unknown function. We show here that Spn1 is an active protease inhibitor of the serpin superfamily. Spn1 inhibits trypsin in vitro and regulates the Toll-mediated immune response in vivo. Expression of the Toll-dependent transcripts Drosomycin and IM1 is increased in Spn1 null mutants. Overexpression of Spn1 reduces the induction of Drosomycin upon immune challenge with fungi but not Gram-positive bacteria. Similar reductions in Drosomycin levels are observed in the psh, spz, and grass mutants of the Toll signaling pathway. These results support a role of Spn1 as a repressor of Toll activation upon fungal infection. Epistatic analysis places Spn1 upstream of Spätzle processing enzyme and Grass, in the fungal cell wall-activated side branch of the pathway. Overexpression of the pattern recognition receptor GNBP3 activates the β-1,3-glucan-sensitive side branch of the Toll pathway. The resultant increased Drosomycin level is reduced by concomitant overexpression of Spn1, confirming that Spn1 regulates the fungal cell wall side branch. Spn1 null mutants show altered susceptibility to fungal infection compared to the wild type, demonstrating a requirement for Spn1 in the fine regulation of the immune response.
Laryngeal mechanisms in speech: The contributions of Jan Gauffin

Abstract Jan Gauffin was an early user of fiber optics which allowed him to discover that laryngeal structures above the glottal level are involved in speech. His research led him to postulate three independently controlled mechanisms: fundamental frequency control, glottal adduction/abduction, and laryngealization, the latter derived from the protective closure function. He argued that phonetic theory must be revised to account for the main phonation types of the world's languages. He saw them as combinations of two interacting dimensions: adduction/abduction and laryngealization. Secondly he gave the aryepiglottic sphincter an explanatory role in accounting for the production of low pitch and downward pitch inflections. During his lifetime his work received limited attention. However, later laryngoscopic research has confirmed and extended his thinking and findings. His contribution was a pioneering one.
Azithromycin Suppresses Activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B and Synthesis of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Tracheal Aspirate Cells From Premature Infants

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) plays a central role in regulating key proinflammatory mediators. The activation of NF-κB is increased in tracheal aspirate (TA) cells from premature infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We studied the effect of azithromycin (AZM) on the suppression of NF-κB activation and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by TA cells obtained from premature infants. Tracheal aspirate cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and incubated with AZM. The nuclear NF-κB-DNA binding activity, the levels of inhibitory kappaB-alpha (IκB-α) in the cytoplasmic fraction and IL-6 and IL-8 release in the cell culture media were measured. Stimulation of TA cells by TNF-α increased the activation of NF-κB, which was suppressed by the addition of AZM. Increased activation of NF-κB was also associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). AZM significantly reduced the IL-6 and IL-8 production to the levels similar to control. TNF-α stimulation also increased the degradation of IκB-α, which was restored with the addition of AZM. Our data suggest that AZM therapy may be an effective alternative to steroids in reducing lung inflammation and prevention of BPD in ventilated premature infants.
Validation of a motion capture suit for clinical gait analysis

Gait analysis is often supported by technology. Due to limitations in optical systems, such as limited measurement volumes and the requirement of a laboratory environment, low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) based motion capture systems might be better suited for gait analysis since they involve no spatial limitations and are flexibly applicable. In this paper, we investigate if low-cost IMU-based motion capture suits are an adequate alternative for clinical gait analysis in terms of accuracy of the determination of joint flexions and gait parameters. For this reason, we developed a gait analysis system and a gait analysis algorithm, which detects joint positions based on the Joint Coordinate System and determines knee, hip, and ankle flexions, as well as spatiotemporal parameters such as the number of steps, cadence, step duration and step length, and the specific gait phases. We evaluated and validated the IMU-based system in comparison to camera-based measurements (as gold standard) with three different healthy adult subjects. The evaluation indicates that the full-body motion capture system achieves a high degree of precision (0.86) and recall (0.98) in the recognition of gait cycles. The harmonic mean F0.15 of the two factors precision and recall is on average 0.96 and the mentioned temporal gait parameters can be determined with an error below 10 ms. The mean deviation in the determination of joint angles amounts 1.35° ± 2°. Consequently, the article at hand indicates that low-cost IMU-based motion capture suits are an accurate alternative for gait analysis.
Susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias and the effect of preconditioning in the diabetic rat heart.

Diabetic heart is suggested to exhibit either increased or decreased resistance to ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning suppresses arrhythmias in the normal heart, whereas relatively little is known about its effects in the diseased myocardium. Our objective was to investigate whether development of diabetes mellitus modifies the susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias and affects preconditioning in the rat heart. Following 1 and 9 weeks of streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetes, the hearts were Langendorff-perfused at constant pressure of 70 mm Hg and subjected to test ischemia induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Preconditioning consisted of one cycle of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion, prior to test ischemia. Susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias was lower in 1-week diabetics: only 42 % of diabetic hearts exhibited ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 16 % had short episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) as compared to VT 100 % and VF 70 % (including sustained VF 36 %) in the non-diabetics (P<0.05). Development of the disease was associated with an increased incidence of VT (VT 92 %, not significantly different from non-diabetics) and longer total duration of VT and VF at 9-weeks, as compared to 1-week diabetics. Preconditioning effectively suppressed arrhythmias in the normal hearts (VT 33 %, VF 0 %). However, it did not provide any additional antiarrhythmic protection in the acute diabetes. On the other hand, in the preconditioned 9-weeks diabetic hearts, the incidence of arrhythmias tended to decrease (VT 50 %, transient VF 10 %) and their severity was reduced. Diabetic rat hearts are thus less susceptible to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the acute phase of the disease. Development of diabetes attenuates increased ischemic tolerance, however, diabetic hearts in the chronic phase can benefit more from ischemic preconditioning, due to its persisting influence.
Heterogeneity of Central Nodes Explains the Benefits of Time-Varying Control in Complex Dynamical Networks

Despite extensive research and remarkable advancements in the control of complex dynamical networks, most studies and practical control methods limit their focus to time-invariant control schedules (TICS). This is both due to their simplicity and the fact that the benefits of time-varying control schedules (TVCS) have remained largely uncharacterized. In this paper we study networks with linear and discrete-time dynamics and analyze the role of network structure in TVCS. First, we show that TVCS can significantly enhance network controllability over TICS, especially when applied to large networks. Through the analysis of a scale-dependent notion of nodal centrality, we then show that optimal TVCS involves the actuation of the most central nodes at appropriate spatial scales at all times. Consequently, it is the scale-heterogeneity of the central-nodes in a network that determine whether, and to what extent, TVCS outperforms conventional policies based on TICS. Here, scale-heterogeneity of a network refers to how diverse the central nodes of the network are at different spatial (local vs. global) scales. Several analytical results and case studies support and illustrate this relationship.
Cost of secure sensing in IEEE 802.15.4 networks

In this paper, we consider interconnected IEEE 802.15. 4 beacon enabled clusters with secure and reliable sensing. Clusters are interconnected via bridges implemented on cluster coordinators. Each cluster has to contribute a constant number of packets per second to the sink. Packets are protected with the Message Authentication Code which requires a secret key shared between each node and coordinator. We model network behavior under regular sensing traffic, power management, and periodic key exchanges. Three types of key exchange protocols of varying complexity are considered, and the impact of their communication and computation complexity on the network lifetime is evaluated. Our model and results can be used to determine network and security parameters in IEEE 802.15. 4 based wireless sensor network when application requirements and known.
A Faith-Based and Cultural Approach to Promoting Self-Efficacy and Regular Exercise in Older African American Women

The health benefits of regular exercise are well documented, yet there has been limited success in the promotion of regular exercise in older African American women. Based on theoretical and evidence-based findings, the authors recommend a behavioral self-efficacy approach to guide exercise interventions in this high-risk population. Interventions should be developed that are age appropriate, group delivered in the community, focused on a single behavior, and only include general health education as a secondary purpose. Suggested cultural tailoring of exercise interventions includes addressing beliefs about exercise, focusing on the “possible self,” promoting participants as “cultural consultants,” and spiritual and religious strategies.
Política nacional e inversión extranjera directa en México en el entorno internacional / National policy and foreign direct investment in Mexico in the international environment

La presente investigacion tiene como objetivo medir los efectos de las modificaciones politicas, economicas, sociales y administrativas sobre la IED en Mexico durante 1999 – 2013, como resultado de las politicas de atraccion de IED del gobierno mexicano y otros factores externos derivados de cambios en la economia mundial. Para ello, se utilizaron modelos econometricos de datos de panel. Los resultados demuestran que los factores de tipo economico inciden positivamente sobre la IED, mientras que los factores politicos, sociales y administrativos no tienen incidencia suficiente. Se concluye que los estados con mejor desempeno economico e infraestructura tienen mayor capacidad de atraccion de IED. La actual inestabilidad e inseguridad social aun no muestra efectos, mientras que las modificaciones politicas y los factores administrativos no resultan relevantes para los inversionistas.
Relationships between running mechanics and energy cost of running at the end of a triathlon and a marathon.

The purpose of the present study was to check the increase in energy cost of running at the end of a triathlon and a marathon and to link the decrease in energy cost of running with running kinematic parameters. Seven well-trained triathletes performed 3 experimental trials: a 2 h 15 min triathlon (30 min swimming, 60 min cycling and 45 min treadmill running), a 2 h 15 min marathon where the last 45 min (MR) were run at the same speed as the triathlon run (TR) (i.e. 75% of maximal aerobic speed), and a 45 min isolated run (IR) done at the same speed. Oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and kinematic data were recorded during the 3 exercise runs. The results confirm a higher energy cost during MR compared with TR (+ 3.2%; p <0.05) and IR (+ 11.7%; p <0.01). The triathlon and the marathon were associated with greater weight loss (1.6 +/- 0.02 kg; p <0.01) than the isolated run (0.7 +/- 0.2 kg). After cycling, the mean stride length in TR1 was lower during IR1 and increased at the end of TR. The results show that MR led to decrease in stride length compared with IR. After cycling, the triathletes adopted a more forward leaning posture and the trunk gradient was less marked during the marathon. Moreover, the extension of the knee at foot-strike and the maximal knee angle in non-support phase both increased during MR compared with TR and IR. However, it appears that no single kinematic variable can fully explain the decrease in running efficiency: it seems that running economy during a triathlon and a marathon are linked to global alterations of many different parameters.
Quadrature amplitude modulated codes with low peak-to-mean envelope power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing applications

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted as the modulation technique for many of the next generation wireless broadband multimedia communications systems, for example, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), and the wireless local area network (LAN) standards HIPERLAN/2, and IEEE 802.11a. One problem inherent in plain vanilla OFDM is that its signal envelope fluctuates greatly with very high power peaks, necessitating the use of inefficient and complex linear power amplifiers. Solutions to the high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) problem include signal processing techniques such as clipping, peak windowing, and peak cancellation, as well as coding techniques, i.e. using codes to ensure that only those OFDM signals with low PMEPR are transmitted. It is well known that using codewords generated by mapping binary Golay complementary sequences into BPSK yields OFDM signals with low PMEPR. Frank, Sivaswamy, and others have extended the results of Golay from binary phase shift keying (BPSK) to other PSK constellations. Recently, Davis and Jedwab presented a code structure for these PSK complementary sequences using cosets of first-order Reed-Muller codes in second-order Reed-Muller codes. This yielded OFDM codes using PSK modulation which could be encoded and decoded using well-understood algorithms for Reed-Muller codes. This thesis investigates the properties of quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) OFDM signals with low PMEPR, focusing in particular on signals based on 4-QAM and 16-QAM constellations. We construct and prove new code structures for sequences in 4-QAM and 16-QAM that result OFDM signals with low PMEPR. Many practical implementations of OFDM use QAM constellations instead of PSK constellations. Thus the codes presented could be used to design pilot symbols for actual OFDM systems, as well as be employed in practical OFDM applications requiring both low PMEPR as well as low computational complexity. Thesis Supervisor: Vahid Tarokh Title: Associate Professor