Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Attained Proficiency in ESL: A Sociolinguistic Study of Mexican Americans in the Southwest.

ficiency. The hypothesis that the observed relationships would be stronger for learners in a second language setting than for learners in a foreign language setting was again sustained. The learners in this study did better on the ESL proficiency test if they saw themselves and Mexicans in general as high on factors that could be interpreted roughly as willingness to receive instruction. They appeared to be anti-integratively motivated towards the Anglo American majority. This was strikingly apparent in the fact that if subjects rated Americans as high on a factor defined principally in terms of positive personal traits they did more poorly on the ESL test. As they became more proficient in ESL they appeared to become more negative toward Americans. This is also consistent with the finding that some traits valued positively if attributed to self or the native language group were valued negatively with reference to Americans. This report concludes a series of four studies of the relationship between attitudes and attained proficiency in a second or foreign language.1 The first report (Oller, Hudson, and Liu, in press) was based on research begun in the fall of 1974. It involved a population of Chinese graduate students in Albuquerque, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas. Technically, the subjects in that first study were learners in a second language (SL) context as * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Research Colloquium at the 1976 TESOL Convention in New York City. The authors wish to express their thanks to Alan Hudson, Wallace Lambert, and Robert Gardner for providing them with some of the manuscript material cited in the text. Mr. Oiler, Associate Professor of Linguistics and Educational Foundations, University of New Mexico, has been on a visiting appointment at Southern Illinois University this yast year. He has written widely on language testing, psycholinguistics, and pragmatics and is co-editor (with Jack C. Richards) of Focus on the Learner (Newbury House, 1973). Ms. Baca, Graduate Assistant, Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico, is currently researching the role of Spanish in New Mexico. Mr. Vigil is an undergraduate student at the University of New Mexico. This distinction was first called to our attention by Richard Van der Mortel at UCLA. Its usefulness in this connection was discussed by a group of students which included Stephen Krashen and Marianne Celce-Murcia among others. They reasoned that the relationship between attitudes and attainment of proficiency in a target language might be very different in a second language context than in a foreign language context.
Patterned Media: Nanofabrication Challenges of Future Disk Drives

Scaling of the bit size in conventional magnetic recording media is becoming increasingly difficult due to the superparamagnetic limit. Innovations in magnetic recording technology are emerging to enable the continued growth in bit areal density. Thermal stability problems of conventional granular media can be greatly helped by patterning single domain magnetic islands for each magnetic bit. Fabrication of patterned media requires application of nanoimprint lithography for high-volume production of patterned media disks and high-resolution electron beam lithography for fabrication of the nanoimprint masters. We discuss the approaches and the many challenges to the implementation of patterned media disks.
An Investigation of Household Remittance Behaviour

Overseas remittances are a vital source of income for many households in developing economies, yet little is known about the characteristics of the sender households. We begin by examining what motivates households to send money to other households living abroad. We then model the remittance behaviour of a diverse set of ethnic minority groups living in England and Wales using survey data. Our results indicate that the propensity to remit is higher for richer households and for those containing more immigrants. There is also some evidence that altruism and social distance influence the likelihood of remittances being sent. Controlling for these factors, significant ethnic differences remain with Caribbean households most likely to remit and Indian households least. Group-specific cultural norms, experiences of migration and return-migration intentions are posited to explain these ethnic differences.
Expanding the Training Evaluation Criterion Space: Cross Aircraft Convergence and Lessons Learned From Evaluation of the Air Force Mission Ready Technician Program

This study reports the analyses of data collected from an evaluation effort for 2 Mission Ready Technician (MRT) training programs for C-141 transport and F-16 fighter aircraft crew chiefs. We obtained ratings from over 100 trainees in each program, as well as from their trainers and supervisors, both during training and in the field via survey. The goal of this research was to explore the criterion space set up for this evaluation. Whereas past evaluation research has explored task difficulty, frequency, and importance, this research explores an expanded criterion space, including task confidence, task performance, task difficulty, and task frequency. Descriptive statistics, predictive regressions, and exploratory factor analyses are reported. We conclude that the data show a similar factor structure for both aircraft and that MRT frequency of task performance and confidence ratings are highly predictive of field performance. A major implication is that one way to optimize the effectiveness of training is to emphasize the development of trainee confidence at a relatively micro level, such as the task level.
Isolation of Mature (Peritoneum-Derived) Mast Cells and Immature (Bone Marrow-Derived) Mast Cell Precursors from Mice

Mast cells (MCs) are a versatile cell type playing key roles in tissue morphogenesis and host defence against bacteria and parasites. Furthermore, they can enhance immunological danger signals and are implicated in inflammatory disorders like fibrosis. This granulated cell type originates from the myeloid lineage and has similarities to basophilic granulocytes, both containing large quantities of histamine and heparin. Immature murine mast cells mature in their destination tissue and adopt either the connective tissue (CTMC) or mucosal (MMC) type. Some effector functions are executed by activation/degranulation of MCs which lead to secretion of a typical set of MC proteases (MCPT) and of the preformed or newly synthesized mediators from its granules into the local microenvironment. Due to the potential accumulation of mutations in key signalling pathway components of corresponding MC cell-lines, primary cultured MCs are an attractive mean to study general features of MC biology and aspects of MC functions relevant to human disease. Here, we describe a simple protocol for the simultaneous isolation of mature CTMC-like murine MCs from the peritoneum (PMCs) and immature MC precursors from the bone marrow (BM). The latter are differentiated in vitro to yield BM-derived MCs (BMMC). These cells display the typical morphological and phenotypic features of MCs, express the typical MC surface markers, and can be propagated and kept in culture for several weeks. The provided protocol allows simple amplification of large quantities of homogenous, non-transformed MCs from the peritoneum and bone marrow-derived mast cells for cell- and tissue-based biomedical research.
Age Differences in the Effects of Mortality Salience on the Correspondence Bias

According to terror management theory, awareness of death affects diverse aspects of human thought and behavior. Studies have shown that older and younger adults differ in how they respond to reminders of their mortality. The present study investigated one hypothesized explanation for these findings: Age-related differences in the tendency to make correspondent inferences. The correspondence bias was assessed in younger and older samples after death-related, negative, or neutral primes. Younger adults displayed increased correspondent inferences following mortality primes, whereas older adults’ inferences were not affected by the reminder of death. As in prior research, age differences were evident in control conditions; however, age differences were eliminated in the death condition. Results support the existence of age-related differences in responses to mortality, with only younger adults displaying increased reliance on simplistic information structuring after a death reminder.
Comparative nonlinear modeling of renal autoregulation in rats: Volterra approach versus artificial neural networks

Volterra models have been increasingly popular in modeling studies of nonlinear physiological systems. In this paper, feedforward artificial neural networks with two types of activation functions (sigmoidal and polynomial) are utilized for modeling the nonlinear dynamic relation between renal blood pressure and flow data, and their performance is compared to Volterra models obtained by use of the leading kernel estimation method based on Laguerre expansions. The results for the two types of artificial neural networks (sigmoidal and polynomial) and the Volterra models are comparable in terms of normalized mean-square error (NMSE) of the respective output prediction for independent testing data. However, the Volterra models obtained via the Laguerre expansion technique achieve this prediction NMSE with approximately half the number of free parameters relative to either neural-network model. Nonetheless, both approaches are deemed effective in modeling nonlinear dynamic systems and their cooperative use is recommended in general, since they may exhibit different strengths and weaknesses depending on the specific characteristics of each application.
Toward the Implementation of a Quantum RBM

Quantum computers promise the ability to solve many types of difficult computational problems efficiently. It turns out that Boltzmann Machines are ideal candidates for implementation on a quantum computer, due to their close relationship to the Ising model from statistical physics. In this paper we describe how to use quantum hardware to train Boltzmann Machines with connections between latent units. We also describe the architecture we are targeting and discuss difficulties we face in applying the current generation of quantum computers to this hard problem.
Professions, Work and Careers

"Professions, Work and Careers" addresses some of the central themes that preoccupied the eminent sociologist Anselm Strauss. This collection is directed at sociologists concerned with the development of theory and graduate and undergraduate students in the sociology of work and the sociology of medicine. His approach is both thematic and topical. Straus examines organization, profession, career, and work, in addition to related matters such as socialization, occupational identity, social mobility, and professional relationships, all in a social psychological context. Because medicine is considered by many to be the prototype profession, Strauss effectively illustrates many of the points by allusion to nurses, chemists, hospitals, wards, and terminal care. The progression of ideas in these essays are a befitting source for the study of structure, interaction and process, other themes that occupied Strauss in his other research enterprises. As Irving Louis Horowitz noted at the time of Anselm Strauss's death in 1996: "Anselm was and remained a social psychologist of a special sort. He appreciated that what takes place in the privacy of our minds translates into public consequences for the social fabric. His statements on personal problems are invariably followed in quick succession by intensely sociological essays on close awareness, face-to-face interaction, and structured interactions. The subtext distinguishes sociological from psychiatric conventions, seeing everything from daydreams to visions in interactionist frames rather than as pathology. The implications of his explorations into the medical profession are stated gently, but carry deep ramifications, for the act of people treating each other compassionately, not less than professionally, is also an act of awareness. Treating the human person as a creature of dignity, when generalized, becomes the basis for constructing human society. " The late Anselm Strauss was a pioneer in bridging the gap between theory and data in sociology. This collection of his works, available in paperback for the first time, will be a valuable resource for professionals and students interested in grounded social theory. Anselm L. Strauss was professor of sociology and chairman of the graduate program in sociology, University of California, San Francisco. He is the author of numerous books including "Creating Sociological Awareness" and editor of "Where Medicine Fails," both published by Transaction.
An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technic for cerebellar medulloblastomas.

CEREBELLAR MEDULLOBLASTOMA is one of the most common types of primary intracranial tumors in children. The treatment of this tumor, unfortunately, is considered as “one of the darkest chapters in pediatric neurosurgery” (1). Cushing (2) reported an average survival of five and six-tenths months in 14 patients with medulloblastoma who received no postoperative radiotherapy. Ingraham and Matson (3) stated that “to our knowledge, no patient with cerebellar medulloblastoma has ever been cured. ” Although medulloblastoma has long been known as the most sensitive primary brain tumor to ionizing radiation, the radiotherapy results for this tumor with respect to long-term survival is still very disappointing. In order to better evaluate the response of medulloblastoma to irradiation and to improve the survival rate, the operative records of 100 consecutive cases of tissue-proved medulloblastoma at the Neurological Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center were arbitrarily taken in a period from 1940 to 1967 .
Literatur-Review zur Validität des präventiven Elterntrainings Stepping Stones Triple P

Das in Australien entwickelte praventive Elterntrainingsprogramm Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) (Sanders, Mazzucchelli, Studman, 2004a) fur Eltern behinderter Kinder wird derzeit auch im deutschsprachigen Raum erprobt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird ein Uberblick uber den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Validitat des SSTP gegeben. Es wurden dabei erkmale der theoretischen, internen und externen (sozialen) Validitat erfasst. Auf der Basis von zwei kontrollierten Primarstudien zur Effektivitat des SSTP wurden in einer Sekundaranalyse Effektstarken ermittelt. In den Ergebnissen zeigen sich Hinweise auf (1) eine positive interne Validitat auf Grund replizierter Effekte auf Kind-Problemverhalten und Elternerziehungsverhalten; (2) eine insgesamt positive theoretische Validitat, die jedoch eingeschrankt ist in Bezug auf die Gestaltung der Auszeit-Komponente sowie die Rolle operanter Methoden; (3) eine insgesamt positive externe Validitat, die aber insbesondere in Bezug auf eine kontroverse soziale Beurteilung der Auszeit-Komponente eingeschrankt ist. In der Diskussion wird eine selektive Adaptation des Programms nahegelegt sowie die zukunftige Implementierung des Programms SSTP als praventive Interventionsmethode in Familien mit entwicklungsbehinderten Kindern im deutschsprachigen Raum empfohlen. Schlagworter Stepping Stones Triple P - Praventive Familienintervention - Validitat - Literaturubersicht - Effektstarken The preventive parent training program Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) (Sanders et al., 2004a), which was originally developed in Australia, is currently being examined in German-speaking countries. The object of this paper is to review the actual status of research on the validity of the SSTP program. Within this context, aspects of theoretical, internal and external (social) validity are examined. Based on two controlled-randomized primary studies on the effectiveness of SSTP, a secondary analysis was carried out in order to calculate effect sizes. The findings indicate (a) a positive internal validity, shown by replicated substantial and stable effects of the program onto child problem behavior as well as parental behavior; (b) a generally positive theoretical validity which has however certain restrictions regarding the shaping of the timeout component as well as the role of operant methods, and (c) a generally positive external validity which has however certain restrictions, in particular regarding the controversial social evaluation of the time-out component. From the results conclusions were drawn for a selective adaptation of the program as well as implementing SSTP as a preventive intervention method in families with children with developmental disabilities in German-language regions in the future. Keywords preventive parent training program - Stepping Stones Triple P - validity - literature review - effect sizes
Side population cells from HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cell line have cancer-initiating property.

AIM To ascertain whether side population (SP) cells in HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cell line have cancer stem cell-like property in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We analyzed and sorted SP from HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cell line by Hoechst 33342 staining on flow cytometry. SP and NSP cells were determined their ability of proliferation and self-renewal by SP reanalysis, soft agar assay and tumor sphere assay in vitro. Clone formation was detected by seeding HXO-Rb44 and HXO-Rb44 -RFP cells into soft agar. The expression of ABCG2, MDRI, Bmi-1 and Oct-4 was determined by RT-PCR between SP and non-SP (NSP) cells. Moreover, they were injected into nude mice to determine their tumorigency in vivo. RESULTS SP from HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cell line could grow clonally in soft agar assays and form tumor spheres from single cells in conditioned media. The expressions of ABCG2, MDRI, Bmi-1 and Oct-4 were significantly higher in SP than NSP cells. As few as SP cells resulted in tumor formation in 6 of 12 injected sites, however, the injection of NSP cells failed to form new tumor. CONCLUSION SP cells isolated by Hoechst 33342 from the HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cell line had property of high tumorigency in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, SP might be a target while developing retinoblastoma therapies.
H.264/AVC over IP

H.264 is the ITU-T's new, nonbackward compatible video compression Recommendation that significantly outperforms all previous video compression standards. It consists of a video coding layer (VCL) which performs all the classic signal processing tasks and generates bit strings containing coded macroblocks, and a network adaptation layer (NAL) which adapts those bit strings in a network friendly way. The paper describes the use of H.264 coded video over best-effort IP networks, using RTP as the real-time transport protocol. After a description of the environment, the error-resilience tools of H.264 and the draft specification of the RTP payload format are introduced. Next the performance of several possible VCL- and NAL-based error-resilience tools of H.264 are verified in simulations.
FUGU: Implementing Translation and Protection in a Multiuser, Multimodel Multiprocessor

Multimodel multiprocessors provide both shared memory and message passing primitives to the user for efficient communication. In a multiuser machine, translation permits machine resources to be virtualized and protection permits users to be isolated. The challenge in a multiuser multiprocessor is to provide translation and protection sufficient for general-purpose computing without compromising communication performance, particularly the performance of communication between parallel threads belonging to the same computation. FUGU is a proposed architecture that integrates translation and protection with a set of communication mechanisms originally designed for high performance on a single-user, physically-addressed, large-scale, multimodel multiprocessor. Communication in FUGU is based on the mechanisms of the Alewife machine [1]. The mechanisms are shared memory with hardware cache coherence, user-level message sends and receives, and a user-controlledDMA facility integrated with messages for bulk transfers. This paper presents a design that integrates translation and protection with these communication mechanisms. Three components of the design are novel. First, we propose maintaining TLB coherence as a side-effect of cache coherence on page table entries. Second, we describe how to permit user-launched and user-handled messages without dedicating physical memory for buffering at the sender or at the receiver. We propose to use a rudimentary, second, system-only network to avoid deadlock of the user-accessible network. Third, we show how to integrate user DMA with virtual memory to permit bulk transfers without prenegotiation and global locking of physical memory. This research has been funded in part by NSF grant # MIP-9012773, in part by DARPA contract # N00014-91-J-1698, and in part by a NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award.
An Efficient Statistical Synchronization Method For Parallel Simulation

In this paper, we propose the improved Statistical Synchronization Method (SSM-T) for parallel discrete event simulation. Criteria are given for the time-driven approach (SSM-T). It is proven, that the level of the output error can be guaranteed. SSM-T is implemented in the OMNeT++ discrete event simulation tool, which is a useful and widespread framework for creating various simulation models to evaluate the performance of telecommunication networks. Case studies have been performed, which shows that SSM-T is a very efficient synchronization method for the parallel simulation of communication networks.
Los determinantes de la concentración étnica en el mercado laboral español

This article provides insight on the mechanisms which determine the concentration of immigrant population in certain occupational categories in the Spanish labour market. Using survey data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (2007) we have firstly identified ethnic niches where Argentinean, Ecuadorian, French, Moroccan and Romanian workers concentrate. Secondly, we run multinomial logit models in order to assess the impact of human capital, social capital and contextual related variables on the likelihood of working in some of occupational categories identified previously as ethnic niches, namely: hospitality industry workers, routine agriculture workers, construction workers and domestic labour. Our main findings suggest that educational attainment, legal status, access to contacts at the time of arrival in Spain, country of origin, and previous job experience are strong predictors of the presence of foreign labour in the above mentioned niches.