Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Complete Characterization of the Gap between Convexity and SOS-Convexity

Our first contribution in this paper is to prove that three natural sum of squares (sos) based sufficient conditions for convexity of polynomials, via the definition of convexity, its first order characterization, and its second order characterization, are equivalent. These three equivalent algebraic conditions, henceforth referred to as sos-convexity, can be checked by semidefinite programming, whereas deciding convexity is NP-hard. If we denote the set of convex and sos-convex polynomials in $n$ variables of degree $d$ with $\tilde{C}_{n,d}$ and $\tilde{\Sigma C}_{n,d}$ respectively, then our main contribution is to prove that $\tilde{C}_{n,d}=\tilde{\Sigma C}_{n,d}$ if and only if $n=1$ or $d=2$ or $(n,d)=(2,4)$. We also present a complete characterization for forms (homogeneous polynomials) except for the case $(n,d)=(3,4)$, which is joint work with Blekherman and is to be published elsewhere. Our result states that the set $C_{n,d}$ of convex forms in $n$ variables of degree $d$ equals the set $\Sigm.
The usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma viability after transarterial chemoembolization: pilot study

Background/Aims The therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually assessed using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). However, dense lipiodol depositions can mask the enhancement of viable HCC tissue in MDCT. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) could be effective in detecting small areas of viability and patency in vessels. We investigated whether arterial enhancement in CEUS after treatment with TACE can be used to detect HCC viability earlier than when using MDCT. Methods Twelve patients received CEUS, MDCT, and gadoxetic-acid-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks after TACE. The definition of viable HCC was defined as MRI positivity after 4 or 12 weeks. Results Eight of the 12 patients showed MRI positivity at 4 or 12 weeks. All patients with positive CEUS findings at 4 weeks (n=8) showed MRI positivity and residual viable HCC at 4 or 12 weeks. Five of the eight patients with positive CEUS findings at 4 weeks had negative results on the 4-week MDCT scan. Four (50%) of these eight patients did not have MRI positivity at 4 weeks and were ultimately confirmed as having residual HCC tissue at the 12-week MRI. Kappa statistics revealed near-perfect agreement between CEUS and MRI (κ=1.00) and substantial agreement between MDCT and MRI (κ=0.67). Conclusions In the assessment of the response to TACE, CEUS at 4 weeks showed excellent results for detecting residual viable HCC, which suggests that CEUS can be used as an early additive diagnosis tool when deciding early additional treatment with TACE.
DCNSim: a unified and cross-layer computer architecture simulation framework for data center network research

Within today's large-scale data centers, the inter-node communication is often the major bottleneck. This fact recently blooms the data center network (DCN) research. Since building a real data center is cost prohibitive, most of DCN studies rely on simulations. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art network simulators have limited support for real world applications, which prevents researchers from first-hand investigation. To address this issue, we developed a unified and cross-layer simulation framework, namely the DCNSim. By leveraging the two widely deployed simulators, DCNSim introduces computer architecture solutions into DCN research. With DCNSim, one could run packet-level network simulation driven by commercial applications while varying computer and network parameters, such as CPU frequency, memory access latency, network topology and protocols. With extensive validations, we show that DCNSim could accurately capture performance trends caused by changing computer and network parameters. Finally, we argue that future DCN researches should consider computer architecture factors via several case studies.
Partitioning of ontologies driven by a structure-based approach

In this paper, we propose a novel structure-based partitioning algorithm able to break a large ontology into different modules related to specific topics for the domain of interest. In particular, we leverage the topological properties of the ontology graph and exploit several techniques derived from Network Analysis to produce an effective partitioning without considering any information about semantics of ontology relationships. An automated partitioning tool has been developed and several preliminary experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of our approach with respect to other techniques.
Using Simulated Annealing Embedded Modified Gauss-Newton Algorithm to identify parameters of nonlinear degradation model

High accuracy parameter identification is important to the life prediction by the degradation model. In this paper, the Simulated Annealing Embed Modified Gauss-Newton (SAEMGN) Algorithm is developed and has been applied in the degradation model parameters eliminating for Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO). By comparing the local search and global search methods, we use the modified Gauss-Newton method as the local search embedded in the Simulated Annealing. Then, we established simulation model of a DRO in Step-Stress Accelerated Degradation Test to study the convergence properties of the algorithm. Numerical comparisons with MGN, SA, and Very Fast Simulated Annealing (VFSA) shows that the new algorithm could offer a higher accuracy solution with the error values is no more than 10−20. This algorithm will help to further improve the life prediction accuracy and credibility.
Joint Coupled-Feature Representation and Coupled Boosting for AD Diagnosis

Recently, there has been a great interest in computer- aided Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) diagnosis. Previous learning based methods defined the diagnosis process as a classification task and directly used the low-level features extracted from neu- roimaging data without considering relations among them. However, from a neuroscience point of view, it's well known that a human brain is a complex system that multiple brain regions are anatomically connected and functionally interact with each other. Therefore, it is natural to hypothesize that the low-level features extracted from neuroimaging data are related to each other in some ways. To this end, in this paper, we first devise a coupled feature representation by utilizing intra-coupled and inter-coupled interaction relationship. Regarding multi-modal data fusion, we propose a novel coupled boosting algorithm that analyzes the pairwise coupled-diversity correlation between modalities. Specifically, we formulate a new weight updating function, which considers both incorrectly and inconsistently classified samples. In our experiments on the ADNI dataset, the proposed method presented the best performance with accuracies of 94.7% and 80.1% for AD vs. Normal Control (NC) and MCI vs. NC classifications, respectively, outperforming the competing methods and the state-of-the-art methods.
Wireless communication system for microgrids management in islanding

Microgrids (MGs) are promising electrical systems based on Distributed Generation and with high penetration of renewable energy sources. One important feature of MGs is the islanding capability: if there is a disturbance in the main grid, the MG will be automatically disconnected. In theory, once in islanding, the MG can continue the electrical generation but, in practice, the generation is stopped in order to avoid injuries and accidents. Therefore, the management systems utilized in MGs must be improved in order to allow a safe operation in islanding. This paper presents a wireless communication system for MGs management based on SimpliciTI protocol. The communication procedure, including security, and the MG controllers with their measure system are described in depth, and the correct operation of the proposed solution is also verified.
The Efficacy of Bevacizumab Compared with Other Targeted Drugs for Patients with Advanced NSCLC: A Meta-Analysis from 30 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Background The extent of the benefit of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. We performed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of bevacizumab with other commonly used targeted drugs for different patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and abstracts from the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and identified 30 randomized controlled clinical trials published within 1999 to 2011 for meta-analysis. Results The outcomes of treatment efficacy included response rate, PFS and OS. Comparing bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) with chemotherapy to standard chemotherapy alone, for chemotherapy-naïve patients, the pooled OR of response rate was 2.741(95%CI: 2.046, 3.672), the pooled HR for disease progression was 0.645 (95%CI: 0.561, 0.743), and the pooled HR for death was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.674, 0.926), respectively. In addition, the adjusted HR for previously-treated patients was 0.680 (95%CI: 0.492, 0.942) comparing bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy to standard chemotherapy alone. Conclusions Bevacizumab accompanied by chemotherapy was found to significantly improve patients' response rate, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) among chemotherapy-naïve patients compared to other targeted drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
The blue supergiant Sher 25 and its intriguing hourglass nebula

The blue supergiant Sher 25 is surrounded by an asymmetric, hourglass-shaped circumstellar nebula. Its structure and dynamics have been studied previously through high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, and it appears dynamically similar to the ring structure around SN 1987A. Here, we present long-slit spectroscopy of the circumstellar nebula around Sher 25, and of the background nebula of the host cluster NGC 3603. We perform a detailed nebular abundance analysis to measure the gas-phase abundances of oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, neon and argon. The oxygen abundance in the circumstellar nebula (12 + log O/H = 8.61 ± 0.13 dex) is similar to that in the background nebula (8.56 ± 0.07), suggesting that the composition of the host cluster is around solar. However, we confirm that the circumstellar nebula is very rich in nitrogen, with an abundance of 8.91 ± 0.15, compared to the background value of 7.47 ± 0.18. A new analysis of the stellar spectrum with the FASTWIND model atmosphere code suggests that the photospheric nitrogen and oxygen abundances in Sher 25 are consistent with the nebular results. While the nitrogen abundances are high, when compared to stellar evolutionary models, they do not unambiguously confirm that the star has undergone convective dredge-up during a previous red supergiant phase. We suggest that the more likely scenario is that the nebula was ejected from the star while it was in the blue supergiant phase. The star’s initial mass was around 50 M� , which is rather too high for it to have had a convective envelope stage as a red supergiant. Rotating stellar models that lead to mixing of core-processed material to the stellar surface during core H-burning can quantitatively match the stellar results with the nebula abundances.
Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?

In recent research, several experiments have tested a preattentive threat-advantage hypothesis that threatening or negative faces can be discriminated preattentively, by using the visual search paradigm. However, supporting evidence is nonuniform, giving rise to the suspicion that stimulus factors rather than the stimuli's category of facial threat versus friendliness are responsible for sporadic demonstrations of a threat advantage. However, it is also possible that differences in experimental procedure contribute to the heterogeneous results. To test this possibility I selected examples from the past literature and presented them within the same constant experimental setting. I found a consistent advantage for negative face targets among positive face distractors with all stimulus pairs. Search slopes, however, mostly revealed inefficient search, questioning the preattentive discrimination of facial affect.
Infrastructure and Its Role in Brazil's Development Process

This article considers the relationship between growth and infrastructure spending in the Brazilian context and the nature and causes of infrastructural underinvestment. The paper begins by considering the relationship between infrastructural investment and economic growth on both a national and regional basis. Next, focusing on the critical urban transportation sector, the paper gauges the infrastructural shortfall facing Brazil and the policies designed to overcome it. Given the obvious importance of infrastructure, why has investment not been higher? In the final section we argue that a central reason for this lies in regulatory design and implementation.
Semantic Tagging at the Sense Level

This paper summarizes our research in the area of semantic tagging at the word and sense levels and sets the ground for a new approach to text-level sentiment annotation using a combination of machine learning and linguisticallymotivated techniques. We describe a system for sentiment tagging of words and senses based on WordNet glosses and advance the treatment of sentiment as a fuzzy category.
A Testbed for Portuguese Natural Language Generation

We present a data-text aligned corpus for Brazilian Portuguese Natural Language Generation (NLG) called SINotas, which we believe to be the first of its kind. SINotas provides a testbed for research on various aspects of trainable, corpus-based NLG, and it is the basis of a simple NLG application under development in the education domain.
NoC-based fault-tolerant cache design in chip multiprocessors

Advances in technology scaling increasingly make emerging Chip MultiProcessor (CMP) platforms more susceptible to failures that cause various reliability challenges. In such platforms, error-prone on-chip memories (caches) continue to dominate the chip area. Also, Network-on-Chip (NoC) fabrics are increasingly used to manage the scalability of these architectures. We present a novel solution for efficient implementation of fault-tolerant design of Last-Level Cache (LLC) in CMP architectures. The proposed approach leverages the interconnection network fabric to protect the LLC cache banks against permanent faults in an efficient and scalable way. During an LLC access to a faulty block, the network detects and corrects the faults, returning the fault-free data to the requesting core. Leveraging the NoC interconnection fabric, designers can implement any cache fault-tolerant scheme in an efficient, modular, and scalable manner for emerging multicore/manycore platforms. We propose four different policies for implementing a remapping-based fault-tolerant scheme leveraging the NoC fabric in different settings. The proposed policies enable design trade-offs between NoC traffic (packets sent through the network) and the intrinsic parallelism of these communication mechanisms, allowing designers to tune the system based on design constraints. We perform an extensive design space exploration on NoC benchmarks to demonstrate the usability and efficacy of our approach. In addition, we perform sensitivity analysis to observe the behavior of various policies in reaction to improvements in the NoC architecture. The overheads of leveraging the NoC fabric are minimal: on an 8-core, 16-cache-bank CMP we demonstrate reliable access to LLCs with additional overheads of less than 3% in area and less than 7% in power.
Corrections of order α 3 s to R had in pQCD with light gluinos

By a completely independent analytic calculation made in general covariant gauge we confirm the known result for the massless O(α s) correction to Rhad and check explicitly its gauge independence. We extend the calculations to include contributions due to a hypothetical existence of a colour octet of (light) neutral fermions known also under the name of gluinos. In numerical form and for five active flavours we found (in MS scheme) that R(s) = 11 3 [1 + αs/π + (1.409− 0.346ng̃)(αs/π) 2 + (−12.805− 3.006ng̃ − 0.0466n 2 g̃)(αs/π) ] where ng̃ is the number of such colour octets. e-mail: chet@mppmu.mpg. de PACS numbers: 12.15. -y, 12.38. Bx, 14.65. Ha, 14.80. Bn
Understanding social relationships from photo collection tags

If a picture is worth a thousand words, how much are twenty seven thousand photos worth? We believe that they can help tell the life history of a person. In this paper we present a depiction of Dr. Ben Shneiderman’s life based on a Network Analysis of MyLifePix, a highly curated collection of more than twenty seven thousand of his pictures that show the world from his camera lens. In this analysis we accessed the photos stored on Flickr and using information about the people in the pictures which is stored as tags on the system we created a network of personal appearances on the photos. Then we analyze the resulting network using NodeXL an open source Network Analysis and Visualization tool built on top of Microsoft Excel 2007. We found interesting results that show not only the two dimensions of Dr. Shneiderman’s life, the professional one and the personal one, but also details of both worlds that aren’t clear at first sight or easy to infer without prior knowledge of Dr. Shneiderman’s life.
Nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// controllers for electromagnetic suspension systems

This note presents a unified framework to derive nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// state and output feedback controllers for magnetically levitated (Maglev) vehicles with controlled dc electromagnets, referred to as electromagnetic suspension systems. The theoretical exposition, based on the Taylor series expansion solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequality, is followed by an assessment of some of the practical issues in realizing the nonlinear controllers with a digital signal processor and embedded hardware. A select set of experimental results from a single-degree-of-freedom suspension system is included to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear stateand output-feedback H/sub /spl infin// controllers to suppress guideway-induced disturbances.
Genetic signatures of a range expansion in natura: when clones play leapfrog

Abstract The genetic consequences of range expansions have generally been investigated at wide geographical and temporal scales, long after the colonization event. A unique ecological system enabled us to both monitor the colonization dynamics and decipher the genetic footprints of expansion over a very short time period. Each year an epidemic of the poplar rust (Melampsora larici‐populina) expands clonally and linearly along the Durance River, in the Alps. The colonization dynamics observed in 2004 showed two phases with different genetic outcomes. Upstream, fast colonization maintained high genetic diversity. Downstream, the colonization wave progressively faltered, diversity eroded, and differentiation increased, as expected under recurrent founder events. In line with the high dispersal abilities of rust pathogens, we provide evidence for leapfrog dispersal of clones. Our results thus emphasize the importance of colonization dynamics in shaping spatial genetic structure in the face of high gene flow.
Reduced CD146 expression promotes tumorigenesis and cancer stemness in colorectal cancer through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Cancer stemness drives tumor progression and drug resistance, representing a challenge to cancer eradication. Compelling evidence indicates that cancer cells can reenter the stem cell state due to the reprogramming of self-renewal machinery. Here, we show that CD146 knockdown induces stem cell properties in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through activating canonical Wnt signaling. shRNA-mediated CD146 knockdown in CRC cells facilitates tumor initiation in serial xenotransplantation experiments. Moreover, upon CD146 knockdown, CRC cells show elevated expression of specific cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, increased sphere and clone formation as well as drug resistance in vitro. Mechanistically, our findings provide evidence that CD146 expression negatively correlates with canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity in CRC cell lines and primary CRC specimens. Knockdown of CD146 results in inhibition of NF-κB/p65-initiated GSK-3β expression, subsequently promoting nuclear translocation and activation of β-catenin, and as a consequence restoring stem cell phenotypes in differentiated CRC cells. Together, our data strongly suggest that CD146 functions as a suppressor of tumorigenesis and cancer stemness in CRC through inactivating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Our findings provide important insights into stem cell plasticity and the multifunctional role of CD146 in CRC progression.
Collaborating to create: The Internet as a platform for customer engagement in product innovation

In the networked world, firms are recognizing the power of the Internet as a platform for co-creating value with customers. We focus on how the Internet has impacted the process of collaborative innovation—a key process in value co-creation. We outline the distinctive capabilities of the Internet as a platform for customer engagement, including interactivity, enhanced reach, persistence, speed, and flexibility, and suggest that firms can use these capabilities to engage customers in collaborative product innovation through a variety of Internet-based mechanisms. We discuss how these mechanisms can facilitate collaborative innovation at different stages of the New Product Development process (back end vs. front end stages) and for differing levels of customer involvement (high reach vs. high richness). We present two detailed exploratory case studies to illustrate the integrated and systematic usage of Internet-based collaborative innovation mechanisms—Ducati from the motorbike industry and Eli Lilly from the pharmaceutical industry. We derive implications for managerial practice and academic research on collaborative innovation.