Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boundaries and organizations: a few considerations for research

Purpose – The article seeks to explore the various ways in which researchers have approached boundaries in relation to organizations.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is conceptual in nature and explores prominent strands of research into boundaries within and at the periphery of the organization through a selective literature analysis.Findings – The paper introduces new categories in the way boundaries are conceptualized and explores how researchers can introduce these in their studies.Research limitations/implications – The literature review is selective and provides an indication of how further work could be directed.Practical implications – The work could be of use to those exploring the dynamics of organizational boundaries.Originality/value – A few convergence zones in the literature are identified and a new categorization indicating the dichotomies inherent in the study of organizational boundaries is introduced.
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING TO IMPROVE READING AND WRITING IN SCIENCE

The purpose of this article is to present several cooperative learning lessons that integrate science, reading and writing. Sample lessons involve six methods of cooperative learning drawn from four prominent developers and researchers, David Johnson, Roger Johnson, Robert Slavin and Spencer Kagan. The cooperative learning method is described first to illustrate how to use it with any topic or objective, followed by an example in science education.
From scientific management through fun and games to high performing teams: A historical perspective on consulting to team-based organizations.

The history of team theory, research, and practice in the 20th century is discussed. The influence of important schools of social and organizational psychology as well as the political and social milieu of the times on the research and theory of teams is identified: scientific management in the 1920s, the emergence of social psychology in the 1930s, World War II, group dynamics in the 1950s, social action of the 1960s, team building in the 1970s, economic turmoil in the 1980s, and the ascendance of team-based organizations in the 1990s. The absence of recent teamfocused research is noted, and recommendations are offered to revive the research activity needed to support team development practice in the 21st century.
Towards low-cost systems for measuring visual cues of driver fatigue and inattention in automotive applications

Recent studies show that driver fatigue and inattention are major causes of fatal road accidents. A large number of these accidents could be avoided if the vehicles were equipped with a) sensors that reliably could monitor the attention and alertness cues of the drivers, and b) systems that, based on the sensor input, could warn the drivers in time. Today, camera-based systems can measure such attention cues, and are tested in automotive in-cabin installations with two or more cameras. Camera-based solutions are non-intrusive, they can measure head position and orientation as well as gaze direction and eyelid closure, and they can be used to identify the driver for other tasks. However until now, no camera-based system has met the requirements from the car manufacturers on compactness and cost. Here we present the principles behind Smart Eye AntiSleep, which is a compact one-camera system specially designed for automotive in-cabin applications. AntiSleep measures 3D head position, head orientation, gaze direction and eyelid closures. AntiSleep uses one camera and two IR-flashes. With its own illumination, AntiSleep is highly robust to all natural illumination conditions and can efficiently handle disturbing reflexes in eyeglasses. The system is fully automatic and requires no manual intervention during initialisation.
Understanding Help Seeking for Chronic Joint Pain

Osteoarthritis-related joint pain is prevalent and potentially disabling. United Kingdom clinical guidelines suggest that patients should be supported to self-manage in primary care settings. However, the processes and mechanisms that influence patient consultation decisions for joint pain are not comprehensively understood. We recruited participants (N = 22) from an existing longitudinal survey to take part in in-depth interviews and a diary study. We found that consultation decisions and illness actions were ongoing social processes. The need for and benefits of consulting were weighed against the value of consuming the time of a professional who was considered an expert. We suggest that how general practitioners manage consultations influences patient actions and is part of a broader process of defining the utility and moral worth of consulting. Recognizing these factors will improve self-management support and consultation outcomes.
Funding Higher Education in the UK: The Role of Fees and Loans

Higher education has undergone considerable expansion in recent decades in a number of OECD countries. Expansion has been especially dramatic in the UK where aggregate student numbers have doubled in 20 years. However, over the same period, funding per student has halved in real terms. In the UK as well as in other countries, most notably Australia, innovation to diversify the funding base has taken place. This has included a limited role for fee contributions. This paper makes the case for much greater reliance on fee contributions from students, accompanied by a greater availability of income contingent loans.
Developing a curriculum for initial teacher education using a situated learning perspective

This paper argues that the implications of the concept of situated learning are important when developing a curriculum for initial teacher education (ITE). It describes and analyses the use of a model of ITE designed to stimulate discussions promoting the development of professional craft knowledge situated mainly in schools and to connect these with a wider research‐based understanding of educational issues situated mainly in the context of university departments. Findings from a study of trainee teachers following a one‐year postgraduate ITE programme based on this model indicate that it did help trainees to develop professional craft knowledge. However, socio‐cultural differences between the school and university contexts made it difficult for trainees to translate ideas introduced in the university into their school‐based practice. The implications of these findings for developing the model and for ITE in general are discussed.
A novel NeuroEvolutionary algorithm: Cartesian genetic programming evolved artificial neural network (CGPANN)

Cartesian Genetic Programming based Neuroevolutionary algorithm is proposed. It encodes the neural network attributes namely weights, topology and functions and then evolves them for best possible weight, topology and function. The architecture generated are both feedforward and recurrent. The proposed algorithm is applied on the standard benchmark control problem: balancing single and double pole at both markovian and non-markovian states. Results demonstrate that CGPANN has the potential to generate neural architecture and parameters in substantially fewer number of evaluations in comparison to earlier neuroevolutionary techniques. The power of CGPANN is its representation which leads to a thorough evolutionary search producing generalized networks. This opens new avenues of applying the proposed technique to any non-linear and dynamic problem.
Direct Detection by PCR of Escherichia coli O157 and Enteropathogens in Patients with Bloody Diarrhea

Direct detection of Escherichia coli O157 and foodborne pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea were achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after the preparation of DNA from stool specimens using the microspin technique. PCR was compared with cultivation and toxin production tests with respect to the efficiency of detection of each pathogen; E. coli O157, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni. Detection of some or all of the above pathogens in clinical stool specimens was achieved using PCR. The minimum number of cells required for the detection of the above pathogens by PCR was 101 CFUs/0.5 g of stool sample. PCR was completed within 6 hr. The above pathogens were also detected in cultivation and toxin production tests. Partial purification of the template DNA using the microspin technique was essential for the elimination of PCR inhibitors from the DNA samples. This PCR method is an accurate, easy‐to‐read screening method for the detection of Shiga‐like toxin producing E. coli O157 and enteropathogens associated with bloody diarrhea in stool specimens.
Cognitive Deficits Are Associated with Frontal and Temporal Lobe White Matter Lesions in Middle-Aged Adults Living in the Community

Background The association between brain white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in old age is well established. However, little is known about this association in midlife. As this information will inform policy for early preventative healthcare initiatives, we investigated non-periventricular frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in relation to cognitive function in 428 (232 women) community-dwelling adults aged 44 to 48 years. Results Frontal white matter lesions were significantly associated with greater intraindividual RT variability in women, while temporal WMH were associated with face recognition deficits in men. Parietal and occipital lobe lesions were unrelated to cognitive performance. These findings did not differ when education and a range of health variables, including vascular risk factors, were taken into account. Conclusion Gender differences in WMH-cognition associations are discussed, and we conclude that small vessel disease is present in midlife and has functional consequences which are generally not recognized. Preventative strategies should, therefore, begin early in life.
RECONNECTIONLESS CME ERUPTION: PUTTING THE ALY–STURROCK CONJECTURE TO REST

We demonstrate that magnetic reconnection is not necessary to initiate fast Coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The Aly–Sturrock conjecture states that the magnetic energy of a given force-free boundary field is maximized when the field is open. This is problematic for CME initiation because it leaves little or no magnetic energy to drive the eruption, unless reconnection is present to allow some of the flux to escape without opening. Thus, it has been thought that reconnection must be present to initiate CMEs. This theory has not been subject to rigorous numerical testing because conventional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical models contain numerical diffusion, which introduces uncontrolled numerical reconnection. We use a quasi-Lagrangian simulation technique to run the first controlled experiments of CME initiation in the complete lack of reconnection. We find that a flux rope confined by an arcade, when twisted beyond a critical amount, can escape to an open state, allowing some of the surrounding arcade to shrink, and releasing magnetic energy from the global field. This mechanism includes a true ideal MHD instability. We conclude that reconnection is not a necessary trigger for fast CME eruptions.
Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Using predetermined criteria for study quality and methods, a literature review and meta-analysis of seven reports about pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) was conducted to determine if there is a consistent picture of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of BPD in children and adolescents. METHODS Searches were conducted in MedLine and PsycINFO using the terms mania, BPD, children and adolescents, and was limited to published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Seven reports were selected that met the following criteria: a systematic method for the elicitation and reporting of symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects; subjects were interviewed by a trained researcher or clinician; ages 5-18 years; use of a diagnostic system, either DSM or RDC for categorization; a consensus method for the establishment of the diagnosis of BPD. RESULTS Most DSM-IV symptoms of mania were common in the children and adolescents with BPD with the most common symptoms being increased energy, distractibility, and pressured speech. On average, four of five bipolar cases also showed threshold levels of irritable mood and grandiosity, and more than 70% of all cases showed elated/euphoric mood, decreased need for sleep, or racing thoughts. Roughly 69% of cases also showed poor judgment, whereas only half of bipolar cases demonstrated flight of ideas, and slightly more than one-third showed hypersexuality or psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS The clinical picture that emerges is that of children or adolescents with periods of increased energy (mania or hypomania), accompanied by distractibility, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and euphoria/elation.
A methodological comparison of the Porges algorithm, fast Fourier transform, and autoregressive spectral analysis for the estimation of heart rate variability in 5-month-old infants.

Little empirical evidence exists on the comparability of heart rate variability (HRV) quantification methods commonly used in infants. The aim was to compare three methods of HRV estimation: (1) fast Fourier transform (FFT), (2) autoregressive (AR), and (3) the Porges methods. HRV was estimated in 63 healthy 5-month-old infants. HRV parameters were strongly correlated across methods (.92-.99) but yielded significantly different mean HRV estimates (Porges method > FFT > AR). There was no systematic bias over the whole range of values between the two spectral approaches, while differences between the Porges method and the spectral estimates were systematically greater for larger values. Additional comparative studies are needed to explore the between-method agreement across a range of physiological conditions.
In Planta Analysis of the Cell Cycle-Dependent Localization of AtCDC48A and Its Critical Roles in Cell Division, Expansion, and Differentiation1[W][OA]

CDC48/p97 is a conserved homohexameric AAA-ATPase chaperone required for a variety of cellular processes but whose role in the development of a multicellular model system has not been examined. Here, we have used reverse genetics, visualization of a functional Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CDC48 fluorescent fusion protein, and morphological analysis to examine the subcellular distribution and requirements for AtCDC48A in planta. Homozygous Atcdc48A T-DNA insertion mutants arrest during seedling development, exhibiting decreased cell expansion and displaying pleiotropic defects in pollen and embryo development. Atcdc48A insertion alleles show significantly reduced male transmission efficiency due to defects in pollen tube growth. Yellow fluorescent protein-AtCDC48A, a fusion protein that functionally complements the insertion mutant defects, localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is recruited to the division mid-zone during cytokinesis. The pattern of nuclear localization differs according to the stage of the cell cycle and differentiation state. Inducible expression of an Atcdc48A Walker A ATPase mutant in planta results in cytokinesis abnormalities, aberrant cell divisions, and root trichoblast differentiation defects apparent in excessive root hair emergence. At the biochemical level, our data suggest that the endogenous steady-state protein level of AtCDC48A is dependent upon the presence of ATPase-active AtCDC48A. These results demonstrate that CDC48A/p97 is critical for cytokinesis, cell expansion, and differentiation in plants.
Change in Language of Instruction in Russian Medium Schools: Multilevel Analysis of Attitudes and Language Proficiency

This study aims to explain the positions regarding change in language of instruction in Russian-medium schools. The empirical basis for this article is a representative survey conducted in 2009 among pupils (n = 1026) and teachers (n = 548) in Estonia. The results indicate that in the case of teachers’ language proficiency, individual resources (citizenship, Estonian-language media) dominate over regional (ethnic composition) ones. Regarding pupils’ language proficiency, apart from individual factors (gender, Estonian-language media), school-level activities are essential (language immersion, teachers’ in-service training). While pupils’ positive attitudes towards education change are characterized by individual and school cultural resources, teachers’ attitudes are more autonomous and express general societal affiliation. The article suggests that the “cultural translation” ability of the relevant individuals and in the public turns out to have critical relevance in the context of implementing integration policy and in the communication of changes in education.
Mapping of gluten T-cell epitopes in the bread wheat ancestors: implications for celiac disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Celiac disease is a prevalent disorder characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammation driven by HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8-restricted T cells specific for ingested wheat gluten peptides. The dominant T-cell responses are to epitopes that cluster within a stable 33mer fragment formed by physiologic digestion of distinct alpha-gliadins. Celiac disease is treated by excluding all gluten proteins from the diet. Conceivably, a diet based on baking-quality gluten from a wheat species that expresses no or few T-cell stimulatory gluten peptides should be equally well tolerated by the celiac patients and, importantly, also be beneficial for disease prevention. METHODS To identify baking quality, harmless wheat, we followed the evolution of the wheat back to the species that most likely have contributed the AA, BB, and DD genomes to the bread wheat. Gluten were extracted from a large collection of these ancient wheat species and screened for T-cell stimulatory gluten peptides. RESULTS Distinct differences in the intestinal T-cell responses to the diploid species were identified. Interestingly, we found that the fragments identical or equivalent to the immunodominant 33mer fragment are encoded by alpha-gliadin genes on the wheat chromosome 6D and thus absent from gluten of diploid einkorn (AA) and even certain cultivars of the tetraploid (AABB) pasta wheat. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for celiac disease because they raise the prospect of identifying or producing by breeding wheat species with low or absent levels of harmful gluten proteins.
Diagnostic Classification Models: Are they Necessary? Commentary on Rupp and Templin (2008)

In their paper Unique Characteristics of Diagnostic Classification Models: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State-of-the-Art, Andre Rupp and Jonathan Templin (2008) provide a comparative analysis of selected psychometric models useful for the analysis of multidimensional data for purposes of diagnostic score reporting. Recent assessment literature has seen an increase in the development and analysis of numerous models for this purpose, the larger class of which is often referred to as cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), all of which are appropriate for cognitively-based modeling of educational and psychological assessment data. The term diagnostic classification model (DCM), is introduced by Rupp and Templin to identify a subset of CDMs with statistical formulations that adhere to a constrained set of criteria. Rupp and Templin should be applauded on two counts. First, for the completeness of their review based on statistical considerations and for the didactic presentation which readers will find useful for understanding these models. Second, they are to be commended for introducing the new term DCM when discussing the set of models included in this paper, as opposed to the more general category CDM. Previous definitions of CDMs that have restricted the category to only what are now being called DCMs overlooked the potential contribution of nonclassification models as: (1) cognitively based, and (2) diagnostic. The new terminology should help to clarify this
Minimal residual disease monitoring in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent advances in the application of minimal residual disease (MRD) testing in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recent findingsPolymerase chain reaction amplification of antigen receptor genes, one of the two main methods to study MRD in ALL, could be made more rapid, sensitive and informative by the application of next-generation sequencing technologies. Advances in flow cytometric detection of MRD, the other main method, include the identification of new immunophenotypic markers to recognize ALL cells, the development of computerized approaches to automate data analysis, and the generation of instruments that can rapidly screen large number of cells for immunophenotypic abnormalities while visualizing their morphology. Recent data further corroborate the prognostic value of MRD at early time points during therapy, demonstrate the prognostic significance of MRD among ALL subtypes, and indicate that presenting features can complement the prognostic utility of MRD. SummaryMRD is replacing morphology to measure treatment response in ALL and is being used, with promising results, for risk-stratification in clinical protocols. Recent studies provide further evidence of its prognostic significance and point to possible strategies to increase the reliability, applicability and sensitivity of MRD testing.
Exemplar-based large vocabulary speech recognition using k-nearest neighbors

This paper describes a large scale exemplar-based acoustic modeling approach for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. We construct an index of labeled training frames using high-level features extracted from the bottleneck layer of a deep neural network as indexing features. At recognition time, each test frame is turned into a query and a set of k-nearest neighbor frames is retrieved from the index. This set is further filtered using majority voting and the remaining frames are used to derive an estimate of the context-dependent state posteriors of the query, which can then be used for recognition. Using an approximate nearest neighbor search approach based on asymmetric hashing, we are able to construct an index on over 25,000 hours of training data. We present both frame classification and recognition experiments on a Voice Search task.
Signal denoising techniques for partial discharge measurements

One of the major challenges of on-site partial discharge (PD) measurements is the recovery of PD signals from a noisy environment. The different sources of noise include thermal or resistor noise added by the measuring circuit, and high-frequency sinusoidal signals that electromagnetically couple from radio broadcasts and/or carrier wave communications. Sophisticated methods are required to detect PD signals correctly. Fortunately, advances in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) technology, and recent developments in digital signal processing (DSP) enable easy extraction of PD signals. This paper deals with the denoising of PD signals caused by corona discharges. Several techniques are investigated and employed on simulated as well as real PD data.