Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronary magnetic resonance angiography

Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a powerful noninvasive technique with high soft‐tissue contrast for the visualization of the coronary anatomy without X‐ray exposure. Due to the small dimensions and tortuous nature of the coronary arteries, a high spatial resolution and sufficient volumetric coverage have to be obtained. However, this necessitates scanning times that are typically much longer than one cardiac cycle. By collecting image data during multiple RR intervals, one can successfully acquire coronary MR angiograms. However, constant cardiac contraction and relaxation, as well as respiratory motion, adversely affect image quality. Therefore, sophisticated motion‐compensation strategies are needed. Furthermore, a high contrast between the coronary arteries and the surrounding tissue is mandatory. In the present article, challenges and solutions of coronary imaging are discussed, and results obtained in both healthy and diseased states are reviewed. This includes preliminary data obtained with state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as steady‐state free precession (SSFP), whole‐heart imaging, intravascular contrast agents, coronary vessel wall imaging, and high‐field imaging. Simultaneously, the utility of electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for the visualization of the coronary arteries is discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting Remote Evolutionary Relationships among Proteins by Large-Scale Semantic Embedding

Virtually every molecular biologist has searched a protein or DNA sequence database to find sequences that are evolutionarily related to a given query. Pairwise sequence comparison methods—i.e., measures of similarity between query and target sequences—provide the engine for sequence database search and have been the subject of 30 years of computational research. For the difficult problem of detecting remote evolutionary relationships between protein sequences, the most successful pairwise comparison methods involve building local models (e.g., profile hidden Markov models) of protein sequences. However, recent work in massive data domains like web search and natural language processing demonstrate the advantage of exploiting the global structure of the data space. Motivated by this work, we present a large-scale algorithm called ProtEmbed, which learns an embedding of protein sequences into a low-dimensional “semantic space. ” Evolutionarily related proteins are embedded in close proximity, and additional pieces of evidence, such as 3D structural similarity or class labels, can be incorporated into the learning process. We find that ProtEmbed achieves superior accuracy to widely used pairwise sequence methods like PSI-BLAST and HHSearch for remote homology detection; it also outperforms our previous RankProp algorithm, which incorporates global structure in the form of a protein similarity network. Finally, the ProtEmbed embedding space can be visualized, both at the global level and local to a given query, yielding intuition about the structure of protein sequence space.
Comment Spam Injection Made Easy

Social networks heavily rely on the concept of reputation. Some platforms implement formalized systems to express reputation, for example as a rating, but the concept is broader and very often the reputation of a user, the perceived quality of a product, the popularity of a TV show or any other subject of published information stems from a more informal collection of comments and recommendations. Thus, guaranteeing the authenticity of the published data has become very important, and various systems have been developed to deal with this problem. However, in this paper we are going to demonstrate that the most commonly adopted filtering techniques do not adequately protect the messaging platforms from the automated injection of comments. The adopted methodology is quite empirical, but nonetheless it allows to point out not only the existence of the vulnerability, but also to make some educated guess about the reasons behind the failure of the tested filters. In the conclusion, we trace a possible path leading to a more effective solution.
Developments in Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of all the mental disorders (1,2). Many people who suffer from anxiety disorders choose not to seek treatment or present to health professionals for complaints that are often not recognized as being caused by anxiety (3). Although they have been considered mild and transient, most anxiety disorders are chronic with very low natural remission rates. Despite this history, relatively brief treatment involving few sessions can often make a considerable difference to the immediate symptoms, disability, and long-term outcome (4). It has become clear that the successful treatment of anxiety disorders is dependent on accurate diagnosis and assessment, particularly when cognitive behavioural treatments are part of the disorder’s management.
Histone acetylation beyond promoters: long‐range acetylation patterns in the chromatin world *

Histone acetylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls transcription and diverse nuclear processes. While great progress has been made in understanding how localized acetylation and deacetylation control promoter activity, virtually nothing is known about the consequences of acetylation throughout entire chromosomal regions. An increasing number of genes have been found to reside in large chromatin domains that are controlled by regulatory elements many kilobases away. Recent studies have shown that broad histone acetylation patterns are hallmarks of chromatin domains. The purpose of this review is to discuss how such patterns are established and their implications for regulating gene expression. BioEssays 23:820–830, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Method of electrode fabrication for solid oxide electrochemical cells

The method for producing a solid oxide cell cermet electrode by sintering is described. First, by sintering a porous metal electrode, for example, manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell, such as around the earth and allowed to penetrate into the zirconium oxide suspension stabilizing the bulky. Such that the electrode further surely attached to the solid oxide electrolyte of the cell by using the second sintering step sintered penetration zirconium oxide at a high density. It is possible to obtain a high-performance fuel electrode by the above method. The cerium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, and / or doping of stabilized zirconium oxide with praseodymium oxide for electrical conductivity can be achieved to improve the performance of the electrode added.
Human selection and the relaxation of legume defences against ineffective rhizobia

Enforcement mechanisms are thought to be important in maintaining mutualistic cooperation between species. A clear example of an enforcement mechanism is how legumes impose sanctions on rhizobial symbionts that fail to provide sufficient fixed N2. However, with domestication and breeding in high-soil-N environments, humans may have altered these natural legume defences and reduced the agricultural benefits of the symbiosis. Using six genotypes of soya beans, representing 60 years of breeding, we show that, as a group, older cultivars were better able to maintain fitness than newer cultivars (seed production) when infected with a mixture of effective and ineffective rhizobial strains. Additionally, we found small differences among cultivars in the ratio of effective : ineffective rhizobia released from their nodules, an indicator of future rhizobial strain fitness. When infected by symbionts varying in quality, legume defences against poor-quality partners have apparently worsened under decades of artificial selection.
Bott’s formula and enumerative geometry

We outline a strategy for computing intersection numbers on smooth varieties with torus actions using a residue formula of Bott. As an example, Gromov-Witten numbers of twisted cubic and elliptic quartic curves on some general complete intersection in projective space are computed. The results are consistent with predictions made from mirror symmetry compu- tations. We also compute degrees of some loci in the linear system of plane curves of degrees less than 10, like those corresponding to sums of powers of linear forms, and curves carrying inscribed polygons. MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, P. 0. Box 1053, N-0316 OSLO, NORWAY E-mail address: ellingsr0math.uio . no MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN, ALLEG 55, N-5007 BERGEN, NORWAY E-mail address: strommeti i.uib. no This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.29 on Tue, 12 Apr 2016 10:23:14 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Les Systèmes d'Information Urbanisés : étude et analyse de leur performance

L’urbanisation des Systemes d’Information (SI) est une demarche efficace pour la maitrise de la complexite de l’organisation. Elle renforce la coherence du SI et permet de l’aligner sur sa strategie globale. Elle permet egalement d’aboutir a l’agilite du SI. Cette demarche presente des avantages considerables comme la reduction des couts informatiques, un meilleur positionnement dans un environnement concurrentiel et une integration des innovations technologiques afin de garantir l’evolutivite du SI. Par consequent, l’inscription d’une entreprise dans un projet de refonte d’un SI devient primordiale. Comprendre le succes des SI est un defi complexe ou une reflexion sur l'evaluation des SI doit etre appropriee pour capturer l'ampleur des besoins des utilisateurs et des retombees organisationnelles du SI Urbanise (SIU). L’objet de ce travail est d’evaluer le succes du SI avant et apres une demarche d’urbanisation que nous avons accompagne et modelise. Cette recherche fournit l’une des premieres validations empirique quantitative du le performance des SIU et identifie les dimensions qui agissent sur la perception de l’utilisation et les benefices nets du SIU. Le travail constitue une tentative qui ne manque pas d’ambition a la comprehension et l’etude de la dynamique de changement d’un SI existant a un SIU.
Using Performance Assessments To Measure Teachers' Competence in Classroom Assessment.

The development and pilot testing of a set of performance assessments to determine classroom teachers' measurement competencies in areas covered by "Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students" (1990) are described. How the use of performance assessments in a graduate-level classroom-assessment course can enhance student learning and increase the transfer of the measurement concepts to the classroom is shown. Twenty-nine graduate students enrolled in a course in educational measurement were pretested and posttested with the Teacher Competencies Assessment Questionnaire (TCAQ) during a classroom assessment course. Eight performance-based tasks, matched with the "Standards," were developed for the class. Results indicate that students who complete a measurement course that is performance-based increase their assessment competence as measured by the TCAQ. Performance-based educational measurement courses, in emphasizing higher order thinking skills, actively involving students in the learning process, and personalizing instruction, may increase the relevance of assessment to practitioners, and may increase the likelihood that measurement concepts will carry through to the classroom. Three tables present study data. Attachments include a list of assessment tasks for individuals and partners, a course outline, and a list of classroom assessment tasks. (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ofhce of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ('.FORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Elenu isocumant has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating et O Minor changes have been made to improve roproduct,on Quality Points of view 01 opinions stated in this dOcument do not neceSsarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ,ei-rtit 0'5°1_4/ nio Aerie> -J-ci,v/usOiti TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC:. " Using Performance Assessments to Measure Teachers' Competence in Classroom Assessment Rita G. O'Sullivan & Robert L. Johnson School of Education University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro, NC 27412 919/334-4095
Game development 2.0

In recent years a massive trend towards collaboratively created game modifications has appeared and changed the very way the game industry is working. A similar tendency towards user-participation is visible within the Web 2.0 movement, which is considered to be the Internet's next evolutionary step. This paper argues that both trends are caused by the same phenomenon. By bringing the two trends together, the concepts of what could be called Game Development 2.0 will become clear. In consequence, this also allows to interpret its latest occurence as in-world player-centric and collaborative development as an important step towards an upcoming 'Web 3D 2.0'.
Research on an improved visual background extraction algorithm

The visual background extraction algorithm (ViBe) uses the first frame of the video as the initial frame to initialize the background model. If the initial frame of the background model has a moving object or the state of the moving object changes (from still to motion or from motion to still) or the update rate of the background model is not synchronized with the background variability, there will be false target which is known as ghost. Aiming at this problem, a discriminant method based on histogram similarity measure of foreground region and neighborhood background region is proposed. The algorithm can detect ghost regions from the moving area. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the improved algorithm can effectively remove the ghost of foreground detection, and the detection of the object is more accurate.
Behavior Protocols Revised on 7/8/2001

In this paper, we enhance an architecture description language with a description of component behavior. A notation used for this purpose should be able to express the “interplay” on the component’s interfaces and reflect step-by-step refinement of the component’s specification during its design. In addition, the notation should be easy to comprehend and allow for formal reasoning about the correctness of the specification refinement and also about the correctness of an implementation in terms of whether it adheres to the specification. Targeting all these requirements together, the paper proposes to employ behavior protocols which are based on a notation similar to regular expressions. As a proof of the concept, the behavior protocols are used in the SOFA architecture description language at three levels: interface, frame, and architecture. Key achievements of this paper include the definitions of bounded component behavior and protocol conformance relation. Using these concepts, the designer can verify the adherence of a component’s implementation to its specification at run time, while the correctness of refining the specification can be verified at design time.
Somatic diseases and mental disorders: should they be differentiated?

The authors of DSM-III and DSM-IV, as well as some other renowned scholars (e.g., M. Roth, R.E. Kendell) argue that the terms somatic (physical) and mental disorder should be abandoned because “there is much that is physical in the socalled mental disorders, and much mental in the so-called physical disorders”. The author of this paper challenges such a view. He points that differences between somatic diseases and mental disorders largely outweigh their similarities. That is why, no matter how much they implicate an outdated mindbody duality, the terms somatic disease and mental disorder should be preserved.
Risk factors for violence among long‐stay psychiatric patients: national study

This study identified risk factors for violence among long‐stay (1 year or more) psychiatric patients in Israel (n= 2946) using data from a national re‐evaluation of such patients. Patients were rated as being violent if hospital staff or patient charts indicated an incident of physical violence at least every few months. The relationship between violence and patients' functioning, living conditions, treatment, background and hospitalization history was studied. In total, 22.8% of patients were violent. Based on logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for being violent were younger age, younger age at first hospitalization, poorer self‐care, having more frequent visitors, and the patient not having his or her own clothing. The data for age and lack of gender differences confirm previous findings. However, the results regarding clothing, visitors, poor self‐care and age of onset are unique. The results of this study suggest that the violent behaviour of in‐patients is related to both individual and environmental variables.
2D left ventricle segmentation using deep learning

Automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) can become a useful tool in echocardiography, for instance to provide automatic ejection fraction measurements or to initialize deformation imaging algorithms. Deep neural networks have recently shown very promising results for improving image classification and segmentation. These methods learn using only a set of input and output data, but require a large and representative amount of annotated data to be successful. This means an expert has to draw the LV border in potentially thousands of images, which is highly tedious and time consuming.
Models for the Study of Cortical Activity During Cognitive ans Motor Tasks

This thesis is mainly devoted to show how EEG data and related phenomena can be reproduced and analyzed using mathematical models of neural masses (NMM). The aim is to describe some of these phenomena, to show in which ways the design of the models architecture is influenced by such phenomena, point out the difficulties of tuning the dozens of parameters of the models in order to reproduce the activity recorded with EEG systems during different kinds of experiments, and suggest some strategies to cope with these problems. In particular the chapters are organized as follows: chapter I gives a brief overview of the aims and issues addressed in the thesis; in chapter II the main characteristics of the cortical column, of the EEG signal and of the neural mass models will be presented, in order to show the relationships that hold between these entities; chapter III describes a study in which a NMM from the literature has been used to assess brain connectivity changes in tetraplegic patients; in chapter IV a modified version of the NMM is presented, which has been developed to overcomes some of the previous version’s intrinsic limitations; chapter V describes a study in which the new NMM has been used to reproduce the electrical activity evoked in the cortex by the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); chapter VI presents some preliminary results obtained in the simulation of the neural rhythms associated with memory recall; finally, some general conclusions are drawn in chapter VII.
Single Channel Properties of P2X2 Purinoceptors

The single channel properties of cloned P2X2 purinoceptors expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and Xenopus oocytes were studied in outside-out patches. The mean single channel current–voltage relationship exhibited inward rectification in symmetric solutions with a chord conductance of ∼30 pS at −100 mV in 145 mM NaCl. The channel open state exhibited fast flickering with significant power beyond 10 kHz. Conformational changes, not ionic blockade, appeared responsible for the flickering. The equilibrium constant of Na+ binding in the pore was ∼150 mM at 0 mV and voltage dependent. The binding site appeared to be ∼0.2 of the electrical distance from the extracellular surface. The mean channel current and the excess noise had the selectivity: K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > Na+ > Li+. ATP increased the probability of being open (P o) to a maximum of 0.6 with an EC50 of 11.2 μM and a Hill coefficient of 2.3. Lowering extracellular pH enhanced the apparent affinity of the channel for ATP with a pKa of ∼7.9, but did not cause a proton block of the open channel. High pH slowed the rise time to steps of ATP without affecting the fall time. The mean single channel amplitude was independent of pH, but the excess noise increased with decreasing pH. Kinetic analysis showed that ATP shortened the mean closed time but did not affect the mean open time. Maximum likelihood kinetic fitting of idealized single channel currents at different ATP concentrations produced a model with four sequential closed states (three binding steps) branching to two open states that converged on a final closed state. The ATP association rates increased with the sequential binding of ATP showing that the binding sites are not independent, but positively cooperative. Partially liganded channels do not appear to open. The predicted P o vs. ATP concentration closely matches the single channel current dose–response curve.
Large-volume flux compactifications: Moduli spectrum and D3/D7 soft supersymmetry breaking

We present an explicit calculation of the spectrum of a general class of string models, corresponding to Calabi-Yau flux compactifications with h1,2 > h1,1 > 1 with leading perturbative and non-perturbative corrections, in which all geometric moduli are stabilised as in [14]. The volume is exponentially large, leading to a range of string scales from the Planck mass to the TeV scale, realising for the first time the large extra dimensions scenario in string theory. We provide a general analysis of the relevance of perturbative and non-perturbative effects and the regime of validity of the effective field theory. We compute the spectrum in the moduli sector finding a hierarchy of masses depending on inverse powers of the volume. We also compute soft supersymmetry breaking terms for particles living on D3 and D7 branes. We find a hierarchy of soft terms corresponding to `volume dominated' F-term supersymmetry breaking. F-terms for Kahler moduli dominate both those for dilaton and complex structure moduli and D-terms or other de Sitter lifting terms. This is the first class of string models in which soft supersymmetry breaking terms are computed after fixing all geometric moduli. We outline several possible applications of our results, both for cosmology and phenomenology and point out the differences with the less generic KKLT vacua.