Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of the effects of solar phenomena on Global Ionospheric Weather using wave guide mode theory of VLF propagation

The sub-ionospheric VLF signal strength varies significantly with place and time. The solar eclipse and regular solar terminator motion effects on the Global Ionospheric Weather (GIW) and hence the VLF propagation. It has been simulated considering wave guide mode theory of VLF radio signal propagation along various transmitter to receiver great circular paths. Using Long Wave Propagation Capability code, the mode theoretical results are obtained. To estimate the ionospheric weather changes by VLF technique during a total solar eclipse, a three dimensional model of disk obscuration & its ionospheric consequences has been constructed.
Attitudes and Food Choice Behaviour

UK sales of olive oil increased by 15 per cent in real terms between 1986 and 1992. As part of a programme of research investigating the diffusion of the Mediterranean diet in the UK, investigates the reasons behind this rapid acceptance of olive oil in British kitchens through a study of consumers′ attitudes and behaviour regarding its culinary use. The study was designed to establish the salient attitudinal and normative beliefs which consumers associate with olive oil in order to assess the value of those beliefs as predictors of behaviour in respect of olive oil usage. Perceived control was found not to be relevant at an early stage in the study, therefore, the theory of reasoned action (as opposed to planned behaviour) was used as the methodological base. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire completed by 151 subjects. Attitudinal beliefs, especially those concerning flavour enhancement, were found to be important predictors of olive oil usage, casting doubt on the assumption that increased.
Event-related potential (ERP) indices of central auditory development in healthy children and in children with oral clefts

A proportion of children born with cleft lip and/or cleft palate suffer from expressive, receptive, and associative language deficits, which may negatively influence their academic performance and life achievements. Furthermore, children with isolated cleft palate were found to score worse on behavioral language measures than children with cleft lip and palate. Nonsyndromic oral clefts most often appear as single, non-inheritable body malformations, the genetic substrates of which are not yet identified with certainty. Due to the cleft-caused insufficiency of the pharyngeal muscles, middle ear disease develops in all children with clefts during infancy and early childhood. Language deficits of children with oral clefts for a long time were accounted for by their middle ear condition. However, a contribution of middle ear disease to the language impairment in these children has not been unambiguously established. An alternative hypothesis, that of primary CNS involvement in cleft-associated cognitive impairment, has been proposed more than 20 years ago, but no objective evidence for it so far has been provided, either. The present work therefore aimed at investigating central auditory processing in infants and children with oral clefts, employing the method of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). ERPs provide direct measures of distinct stages in neural information processing. The mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of cortical auditory ERPs, is well suited to investigate a preconscious sound analysis stage, the short-term sensory memory buffer. It is a module where the neural substrates for the conscious auditory perception are formed. The present studies were conducted in order to (1) explore the characteristics of infant and child ERPs reflecting the functioning of the central auditory sensory system; determine (2) whether the functioning of the central auditory sensory system is implicated in language and learning disabilities of cleft children, (3) how auditory sensory processing of tone pitch develops from birth to school age in healthy and cleft children, and (4) whether there are any specific indices of auditory sensory dysfunction associated with different cleft types. An answer to the last question would also provide evidence for primary CNS dysfunction, as opposed to a dysfunction caused by hearing loss, since no association between the incidence or severity of the middle ear condition and cleft type has been found so far. Auditory sensory discrimination of tone pitch, as indexed by the MMN, was investigated in newborns and in 6-month-old infants with either cleft palate or cleft lip and palate and in their healthy peers. In school-age children, in addition to the discrimination function, sensory memory duration was also studied. It was found that the childhood correlate of the adult N1 wave emerges during childhood
The Determinants of Voluntary Financial Disclosure by Nonprofit Organizations

Encouraging organizations to be more open has been a key issue in contemporary debates over nonprofit accountability. However, our understanding of what motivates organizations to the disclosure decision is weak. We aim to enhance our understanding of this critical issue by developing and testing a model of the determinants of voluntary disclosure decision making, using data gathered on the population of not-for-profit medical institutions in Taiwan during a period where the government encouraged—but did not require—disclosure on a centralized website. As a result, we are able to conduct a “natural experiment” of the voluntary disclosure behavior of an important population of non-donor-dependent organizations. We find voluntary disclosure is more likely in organizations that are smaller, have lower debt/asset ratios, and are run by larger boards with more inside members. Our data suggest that, from a policy perspective, voluntary disclosure regimes are not an especially effective means of promoting public accountability.
Noether Symmetries and Covariant Conservation Laws in Classical, Relativistic and Quantum Physics

We review the Lagrangian formulation of (generalised) Noether symmetries in the framework of Calculus of Variations in Jet Bundles, with a special attention to so-called “Natural Theories” and “Gauge-Natural Theories” that include all relevant Field Theories and physical applications (from Mechanics to General Relativity, to Gauge Theories, Supersymmetric Theories, Spinors, etc.). It is discussed how the use of Poincar´e–Cartan forms and decompositions of natural (or gauge-natural) variational operators give rise to notions such as “generators of Noether symmetries”, energy and reduced energy flow, Bianchi identities, weak and strong conservation laws, covariant conservation laws, Hamiltonian-like conservation laws (such as, e.g., so-calledADMlaws in General Relativity) with emphasis on the physical interpretation of the quantities calculated in specific cases (energy, angular momentum, entropy, etc.). A few substantially new and very recent applications/examples are presented to better show the power of the methods introduced: one in Classical Mechanics (definition of strong conservation laws in a frame-independent setting and a discussion on the way in which conserved quantities depend on the choice of an observer); one in Classical Field Theories (energy and entropy in General Relativity, in its standard formulation, in its spin-frame formulation, in its first order formulation “a la Palatini” and in its extensions to Non-Linear Gravity Theories); one in Quantum Field Theories (applications to conservation laws in Loop Quantum Gravity via spin connections and Barbero–Immirzi connections).
Discrete and fluid Petri nets: Dealing with individuals, populations and fluidization

Two traditional ways to deal with the computational complexities of the analysis and synthesis of Discrete Event Systems (DES) are structural techniques and fluid relaxations. In the second case, the expected computational gains for analysis and synthesis problems are usually performed at the expense of the fidelity of the approximated model. Among the structural techniques, the abstraction of individuals into some populations may be very appealing. Using a basic examples-driven approach, the interest of the fluidization of DES models and of the aggregation of some local states by the decolorization of models (creation of populations) will be briefly illustrated.
Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity

Optimizing Carbon Nanotubes Shorter carbon nanotubes are easier to make, but, when assembled into fibers, the resulting fiber properties are much poorer than might be predicted by theory. Conversely, longer carbon nanotubes have much better properties but are harder to process. Behabtu et al. (p. 182) combined the best of both worlds through scalable wet spinning method, in which they dissolved longer carbon nanotubes and then spun them into fibers that showed excellent strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity. Exceptional carbon nanotube fibers are produced by a wet spinning process using longer nanotubes as feedstock. Broader applications of carbon nanotubes to real-world problems have largely gone unfulfilled because of difficult material synthesis and laborious processing. We report high-performance multifunctional carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers that combine the specific strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity of carbon fibers with the specific electrical conductivity of metals. These fibers consist of bulk-grown CNTs and are produced by high-throughput wet spinning, the same process used to produce high-performance industrial fibers. These scalable CNT fibers are positioned for high-value applications, such as aerospace electronics and field emission, and can evolve into engineered materials with broad long-term impact, from consumer electronics to long-range power transmission.
Deception and Emotion: The Effects of Motivation, Relationship Type, and Sex on Expected Feelings of Guilt and Shame Following Acts of Deception in United States and Chinese Samples

This study explored whether people expect to experience guilt and shame following acts of deception, and whether such expectations are mediated by the deceivers' motivation, culture, sex, and/or the type of relationship between the deceiver and deceived. Students from China and the United States imagined themselves in several deception scenarios and rated the degree to which they would expect to experience guilt and shame following the deception. The scenarios depicted messages told for different reasons (e.g., to avoid conflict, to appear better) and with various relational partners (e.g., friends, spouses, strangers). Results indicated that motive, culture, and relationship affect emotional expectations following deception. No sex differences were found. These results and their implications are discussed.
Elimination of fixed modes of a decentralized distributed estimator with inter-agent communication

We consider a decentralized distributed estimator for a formation of agents described with a discrete-time LTI system. Due to the decentralized structure, the estimator may contain poles invariant with respect to local agents¿ observer gains. We prove that under mild observability assumptions there exists a communication topology and transmitter-receiver gains which allow assigning all the poles of the distributed estimator. We also propose an algorithm for the design of a minimal communication topology which guarantees closed-loop pole assignability.
The Writing Process from a Sociolinguistic Viewpoint

This article elaborates and evaluates a sociolinguistic framework for the study of writing. The first part of the article discusses different sociolinguistic concepts and theories and introduces the two concepts of communicative community and communicative group, which encompass speech and writing, as well as communication of both local and distant and public and private types. For the purposes of these concepts, written and spoken discourse are assumed to be intermingled in the communicative process and steered by similar sociocognitive conditions. The second part of the article discusses the application of the theoretical framework to a specific case, the writing that takes place at a local government office. The study comprises analyses of the organizational structure and its effects on writing at work, the communicative process and the role of spoken discourse and collaboration in the construction of documents, and the social dimension of writing at work. This workplace is found to constitute a communicative group of the local-public type, which means that communication at the office is part of a socially based and hierarchically structured set of communicative activities, with a close intertwinement of spoken and written discourse.
E2f1, E2f2, and E2f3 Control E2F Target Expression and Cellular Proliferation via a p53-Dependent Negative Feedback Loop

E2F-mediated control of gene expression is believed to have an essential role in the control of cellular proliferation. Using a conditional gene-targeting approach, we show that the targeted disruption of the entire E2F activator subclass composed of E2f1, E2f2, and E2f3 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to the activation of p53 and the induction of p53 target genes, including p21(CIP1). Consequently, cyclin-dependent kinase activity and retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation are dramatically inhibited, leading to Rb/E2F-mediated repression of E2F target gene expression and a severe block in cellular proliferation. Inactivation of p53 in E2f1-, E2f2-, and E2f3-deficient cells, either by spontaneous mutation or by conditional gene ablation, prevented the induction of p21(CIP1) and many other p53 target genes. As a result, cyclin-dependent kinase activity, Rb phosphorylation, and E2F target gene expression were restored to nearly normal levels, rendering cells responsive to normal growth signals. These findings suggest that a critical function of the E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 activators is in the control of a p53-dependent axis that indirectly regulates E2F-mediated transcriptional repression and cellular proliferation.
N170 effects during exact and approximate calculation tasks: an ERP study

Event-related potentials were used to investigate the neural correlates of two-digit exact and approximate addition calculations. The results showed that the dissociation between exact and approximate calculations began at approximately 150 ms after stimulus. In the left hemisphere, N170 amplitude elicited by exact calculation was larger than that elicited by approximate calculation; however, in the right hemisphere, N170 amplitudes elicited by the two calculation strategies were not significantly different. Moreover, a larger P3 amplitude was elicited by exact calculation than by approximate calculation. In the 130–210 ms windows, dipole source analysis of the difference wave (exact calculation minus approximate calculation) indicated that the generator of N170 was localized in the left fusiform gyrus.
Tachyon condensation on the intersecting brane-antibrane system

We generalize our study of the tachyon condensation on the brane-antibrane system ([1]) to the intersecting brane-antibrane system. The supergravity solutions of the intersecting brane-antibrane system are characterized by five parameters. We relate these parameters to the microscopic physical parameters, namely, the number of Dp-branes (N1), the number of p-branes (1), the number of D(p−4)-branes (N2), the number of (p−4)-branes (2) and the tachyon vev T. We show that the solution and the ADM mass capture all the required properties and give a correct description of the tachyon condensation for the intersecting brane-antibrane system.
Family and Professional Priorities for Inclusive Early Childhood Settings

The purpose of this study was to provide information about what characteristics from the variety of inclusive early childhood programs are most valued and least valued by families and professionals. Participants were 10 family members of young children with disabilities being served in inclusive programs and 10 early childhood professionals working in inclusive programs. A combination of Q-sort and qualitative research techniques were used. Participants generated one general factor viewpoint concerning what characteristics of inclusive early childhood programs are the most and least valuable. Interviews provided qualitative clarification concerning why participants did or did not value certain program characteristics and information about participants’ beliefs concerning inclusive early childhood programs.
Relationships Between Marital Stress and Attributional Preferences for Own and Spouse Behavior

A study was conducted to determine whether marital stress was related to attributional preferences in explanations for one's own and one's spouse's interpersonal behavior. Married couples (n = 61) were surveyed regarding marital stress and their attributions for behavioral stimuli that represented positive or negative interactive behavior with either one's spouse or a stranger. The results indicated that marital stress was related to the degree of discrepancy between attributions made for one's own behavior and attributions made for one's spouse's behavior. Further, individuals in more stressed marriages were more likely to explain their spouses' positive behavior situationally and their spouses' negative behavior dispositionally than individuals in less stressed marriages. A similar but less extreme interaction was obtained with self-attributions. Two processes possibly causing the associations between marital stress and attributional preferences are described. The implications of these results for marri.
QTL Mapping of Leafy Heads by Genome Resequencing in the RIL Population of Brassica rapa

Leaf heads of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Chinese cabbage (B. rapa), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are important vegetables that supply mineral nutrients, crude fiber and vitamins in the human diet. Head size, head shape, head weight, and heading time contribute to yield and quality. In an attempt to investigate genetic basis of leafy head in Chinese cabbage (B. rapa), we took advantage of recent technical advances of genome resequencing to perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using 150 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between heading and non-heading Chinese cabbage. The resequenced genomes of the parents uncovered more than 1 million SNPs. Genotyping of RILs using the high-quality SNPs assisted by Hidden Markov Model (HMM) generated a recombination map. The raw genetic map revealed some physical assembly error and missing fragments in the reference genome that reduced the quality of SNP genotyping. By deletion of the genetic markers in which recombination rates higher than 20%, we have obtained a high-quality genetic map with 2209 markers and detected 18 QTLs for 6 head traits, from which 3 candidate genes were selected. These QTLs provide the foundation for study of genetic basis of leafy heads and the other complex traits.
Developing moral literacy in the classroom

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to identify and articulate the practical implications of the teacher's role in implementing a program related to developing moral literacy in students as well as identifying what is necessary for professional development opportunities intended to educate teachers in the realm of moral literacy.Design/methodology/approach – A broad range of recent literature on the subject of moral education and moral literacy are utilized to identify best practices and potential pitfalls related to moral literacy program implementation in schools as well as the particular impact of teacher behaviors on program success.Findings – The paper identifies a pervasive need for professional development opportunities for teachers expected by their districts to implement programs related to moral literacy in their classrooms. Additionally, the authors identify the need for teachers to address the need for community involvement, the development of their own moral literacy, synergy between pr.
Prevalence and Correlates of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Population-based Survey of Older People in Nakuru, Kenya

Abstract Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people aged ≥50 years in Nakuru, Kenya. Methods: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling was used to select 100 clusters of 50 people aged ≥50 years during 2007–2008. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Participants underwent dilated slit lamp biomicroscopy (SLB) by an ophthalmologist and digital retinal photography. Images were graded for DR at the Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre, UK. Diagnosis of DR was based on retinal images where available, otherwise on SLB. Anthropometric measures, including random glucose, and lifestyle factors were measured. Results: We examined 4414 adults (response rate 88.1%), of whom 287 had diabetes. A total of 277 of these were screened for DR by SLB, and 195 also underwent retinal photography. The prevalence of any DR diagnosed by retinal images among diabetics was 35.9% (95% confidence interval, CI, 29.7–42.6%). The most common grade of DR was mild/moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR; 22.1%, 95% CI 16.1–29.4%), while severe NPDR and proliferative DR were less frequent (13.9%, 95% CI 10.0–18.8%). SLB significantly underdiagnosed DR compared to retinal photography, particularly for milder grades. Of 87 individuals with DR, 23 had visual impairment (visual acuity <6/12). DR was associated with younger age, male sex, duration and control of diabetes, and treatment compliance. Coverage of photocoagulation in those needing immediate laser was low (25%). Conclusion: DR remains a threat to sight in people with diabetes in this elderly Kenyan population. Screening diabetics may enable those requiring treatment to be identified in time to preserve their sight.
Using neural network for liver detection in abdominal MRI images

MRI imaging is the one of useful abdominal imaging that the image parts are being demonstrated in high quality and clearness. Abdominal MRI images have been widely studied in the recent years as they are becoming an invaluable mean for abdominal organ investigation. In the field of medical image processing, some of the current interests are the automatic diagnosis of liver pathologies . The first and fundamental step in all these studies is the automatic liver segmentation that is still an open problem. In this paper we have presented new automatic system for liver segmentation from abdominal MRI images. This system includes two successive steps, pre-processing and liver image extraction algorithm. The pre-processing is applied for image enhancement (Edge preserved noise reduction) by using the mathematical morphology. After pre-processing, the abdominal MRI images are partitioned to some regions by using watershed algorithm. The feed forward neural network is used to liver features extraction in training stage. These features are used in liver recognition. Results show that this system recognizes the ridges of liver as well as physician liver extraction.