Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filmwise Condensation of Steam on Pin Fin Arrays Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

In this study, nine vertical flat plates of pin fin arrays were fabricated by selective laser melting to investigate the possible enhancements of external condensation. These specimens are cylindrical pin fins of the same fin diameter of 300 μm but are of different fin heights (l) and fin pitches (p) from 300 μm to 900 μm. Experiments were conducted in a condensation chamber with near quiescent vapor to simulate free-convection condensation. The aim is to investigate the effects of fin pitch and fin height on the condensation heat transfer performance of the surfaces. The results of this study show that the increase in fin height and the decrease in fin pitch lead to a systematic increase in the condensation heat flux (q''). At the same fin pitch, the increase in fin height from 600 μm to 900 μm resulted in a more significant increase in q'' as compared to the increase in fin height from 300 μm to 600 μm. On the other hand, at the same fin height, a larger increase in q'' is observed when the fin pitch is reduced from 900 μm to 600 μm as compared to the reduction in fin pitch from 600 μm to 300 μm. It can be deduced that increasing the fin height enables the fins to protrude out of the thick condensate film and increases the effective heat transfer area of the surfaces. However, when the fin density is large, it impedes the condensate drainage path and limits the enhancement in q''. The enhancement factor (η), which is the ratio of the average condensation heat flux of a pin fin surface to that of a plain surface, was computed for each specimen. The highest η value of 1.72 was achieved with the specimen of 900 μm fin height and 300 μm fin pitch. Finally, a relationship between η and the dimensionless fin pitch-to-height ratio (p/l) is proposed.
Dense Matrices for Biofluids Applications

In this report, we focus on Biofluids problems, specifically the Stokes Equation. The method of regularized Stokeslets can be derived from boundary integral equations derived from the Lorentz reciprocal identity. When body forces are known, this is a direct numerical approximation of an integral, resulting in a summation to determine the fluid velocity. In certain cases, which this report is focused on, we know the velocity and want to determine the forces on a structure immersed in a fluid. This results in a linear system Af = u, where A is a square dense matrix. We study different methods to solve this system of equations to determine the force f on the structure. For solving a linear system with a dense coefficient matrix, the backslash command in MATLAB can be used. This will use an efficient and robust direct method for solving a smaller matrix, but this is not an efficient method for a large, dense coefficient matrix. For a large, dense coefficient matrix, we will explore other direct methods as well as several iterative methods to determine computation time and error on a test case with an exact solution. For direct methods, we will study backslash, LU factorization and QR factorization methods. For iterative methods, we stuied Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, SOR, GMRES, CG, CGS, BICGSTAB and Schulz CG methods for these biofluids applications. All of these methods have different requirements. For our coefficient matrix A, we identified specific properties and then used proper methods, both direct and iterative. Result showed that iterative methods are more efficient then direct method for large size A. Schulz CG was slower but had a smaller error for the test case where there was an exact solution.
Are individual levels of pain anxiety related to negative interpretation bias? An examination using an ambiguous word priming task

Cognitive processes like attentional and interpretation biases have been suggested to play a vital role in the onset and exacerbation of chronic pain. Research consistently supports the occurrence of interpretation bias (IB) in pain patients and healthy individuals high in pain anxiety. Nevertheless, studies on the indirect assessment of IB or the relation between IB and responses to pain are limited. The present studies examined the association between indirect assessed IB and pain anxiety, while Study 2 additionally examined IB as a mediator in the relation between pain anxiety and pain responses.
An evolutionary architecture for motion-compensated 100 Hz television

In this paper, recently developed algorithms for high quality motion-compensated up-conversion are combined in a new architecture closely resembling that of current 100 Hz consumer television sets. By merging the motion estimation and the motion compensation part, the estimated silicon area could be reduced to a level where the entire functionality can be realized with one processing chip replacing the currently used 100 Hz processing chip. This enables a simple evolution towards motion compensated 100 Hz TV, considered to be very attractive. The architectural choice, and the wish to share expensive memories, requires some modifications in the motion estimator and up-convertor design which are discussed. The specific case of movie programs is dealt with, and it is also shown how the evolutionary architecture can achieve a significantly improved motion portrayal for this movie material. >
The effect of foreign income on economic performance of a small-open economy: evidence from Turkey

The effect of a shock in the foreign economic performance on the domestic economy is an attractive research area. It has consistently been found that this effect is non-negligible. However, the countries examined are mostly developed countries. In this study, the effects of a shock in foreign economy on the economic performance of Turkey are examined. The estimates suggest that a positive shock in the foreign economy positively affects Turkish output, increases the inflation rate, and appreciates the real exchange rate.
No significant enrichment of rare functionally defective CPA1 variants in a large Chinese idiopathic chronic pancreatitis cohort

Rare functionally defective carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) variants have been reported to predispose to nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, mainly the idiopathic subtype. However, independent replication has so far been lacking, particularly in Asian cohorts where initial studies employed small sample sizes. Herein we performed targeted next‐generation sequencing of the CPA1 gene in 1,112 Han Chinese idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) patients—the largest ICP cohort so far analyzed in a single population—and 1,580 controls. Sanger sequencing was used to validate called variants, and the CPA1 activity and secretion of all newly found variants were measured. A total of 18 rare CPA1 variants were characterized, 11 of which have not been previously described. However, no significant association was noted with ICP irrespective of whether all rare variants [20 out of 1,112 (1.8%) in patients vs. 24 out of 1,580 (1.52%) in controls; P = 0.57] or functionally impaired variants [three out of 1,112 (0.27%) in patients vs. two out of 1,580 (0.13%) in controls; P = 0.68] were considered.
NoFTL: Database Systems on FTL-less Flash Storage

The database architecture and workhorse algorithms have been designed to compensate for hard disk properties. The I/O characteristics of Flash memories have significant impact on database systems and many algorithms and approaches taking advantage of those have been proposed recently. Nonetheless on system level Flash storage devices are still treated as HDD compatible block devices, black boxes and fast HDD replacements. This backwards compatibility (both software and hardware) masks the native behaviour, incurs significant complexity and decreases I/O performance, making it non-robust and unpredictable. Database systems have a long tradition of operating directly on RAW storage natively, utilising the physical characteristics of storage media to improve performance.In this paper we demonstrate an approach called NoFTL that goes a step further. We show that allowing for native Flash access and integrating parts of the FTL functionality into the database system yields significant performance increase and simplification of the I/O stack. We created a real-time data-driven Flash emulator and integrated it accordingly into Shore-MT. We demonstrate a performance improvement of up to 3.7× compared to Shore-MT on RAW block-device Flash storage under various TPC workloads.
Pain mechanisms: a new theory.

'f.he nature of pa.in has been the bject of bitter controversy since the turn of the century (J). There are currently two opposing theories of pain: (i) specificity theory, which holds that pain is a specific modality · e vision or hearing, "with its own central and peripheral apparatus" (2), tnd (ii) pattern theory, which main'ns that the nerve impulse pattern for pain is produced by intense stimulation of nonspecific receptors since "there are no specific fibers and no apecific endings" (3). Both theories derive from earlier concepts proposed by ~on Frey (4) and Goldscheider (5) Ill 1894, and historically they are held to be mutually exclusive. Since it is our purpose here to propose a new theory of pain mechanisms, we shall Slate explicitly at the outset where we agree and disagree with specificity and pattern theories.
Affective aware museum guide

The experience of visiting an art museum is more valuable if we are guided properly. We took into consideration the affective aspects of this guidance in order to model and implement a personal affective-and context-aware electronic guide. As the emotional states experienced by the visitors are very different and diverse, we propose considering engagement as an indirect measure of the emotion intensity felt by the visitor. We examine three levels of engagement: unengaged (detached), engage-able, and engaged. The next step is to respond to the different categories of engagement in order to scaffold the visitor to the highest level of engagement that is, for a beginner, the engagement with the artistic part using appropriate recommendation, because our aim is to help the visitors to learn more about the painting and art in a mobile manner.
Numerical Investigation by the Finite Difference Method of the Laser Hardening Process Applied to AISI-4340

This paper presents a numerical and experimental analysis study of the temperature distribution in a cylindrical specimen heat treated by laser and quenched in ambient temperature. The cylinder studied is made of AISI-4340 steel and has a diameter of 14.5-mm and a length of 50-mm. The temperature distribution is discretized by using a three-dimensional numerical finite difference method. The temperature gradient of the transformation of the microstructure is generated by a laser source Nd-YAG 3.0-kW manipulated using a robotic arm programmed to control the movements of the laser source in space and in time. The experimental measurement of surface temperature and air temperature in the vicinity of the specimen allows us to determine the values of the absorption coefficient and the coefficient of heat transfer by convection, which are essential data for a precise numerical prediction of the case depth. Despite an unsteady dynamic regime at the level of convective and radiation heat losses, the analysis of the averaged results of the temperature sensors shows a consistency with the results of microhardness measurements. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach lead to an accurate and reliable mathematical model able to predict the temperature distribution in a cylindrical workpiece heat treated by laser.
Amelioration of Human Allograft Arterial Injury by Atorvastatin or Simvastatin Correlates With Reduction of Interferon-γ Production by Infiltrating T Cells

Background. Graft arteriosclerosis (GA) is an important factor limiting long-term outcomes after organ transplantation. We have used a chimeric humanized mouse system to model this arteriopathy in human vessels, and found that the morphologic and functional changes of experimental GA are interferon (IFN)-γ dependent. This study evaluated whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, described as inhibitors of IFN-γ production, affect GA in our model. Methods. C.B. -17 severe combined immunodeficiency-beige mice were transplanted with human artery segments as aortic interposition grafts and inoculated with allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or replication-deficient adenovirus encoding human IFN-γ. Transplant arteries were analyzed from recipients treated with vehicle vs. atorvastatin or simvastatin at different doses. The effects of statins on T-cell alloresponses to vascular endothelial cells were also investigated in vitro. Results. Graft arteriosclerosis-like arteriopathy induced by PBMCs was reduced by atorvastatin at 30 mg/kg/day or simvastatin at 100 mg/kg/day that correlated with decreased graft-infiltrating CD3+ T cells. Circulating IFN-γ was also reduced, as were graft IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible chemokine transcripts and graft human leukocyte antigen-DR expression. Graft arteriosclerosis directly induced by human IFN-γ in the absence of human PBMCs was also reduced by atorvastatin, but only at the highest dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Finally, atorvastatin decreased the clonal expansion and production of interleukin-2, but not IFN-γ, by human CD4+ T cells in response to allogeneic endothelial cells in coculture. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a benefit of statin administration in transplantation may include amelioration of GA primarily by inhibiting alloreactive T-cell accumulation and consequent IFN-γ production and secondarily through suppression of the arterial response to IFN-γ.
From magical experience to effortlessness: an exploration of the components of intuitive interaction

Though researchers, industry and users largely agree that products must be 'intuitive' to use, there is little agreement on what is meant by this claim. In order to clarify the concept and, in particular, its differentiation to usability we choose a phenomenological approach. Overall, we identify four relevant subcomponents of intuitive interaction, whose origin is rooted in HCI and decision making research: Effortlessness, Gut Feeling, Verbalizability, and Magical Experience. Two user studies (N=115, N=37) provide further insights into the complex nature of intuitiveness. We conclude that there are systematic variations in the respective components' specification which can be regarded as particular patterns of intuitive interaction. Amongst others, these patterns depend on the product category and one's prior knowledge in the product domain.
Study of interrupted aging in Al-Cu-Mg alloys, A

Recently, a novel interrupted aging treatment, T6I6, was reported to improve the strength and toughness of heat treatable Al alloys. It consisted of the following three stages, namely, 1) artificially underaging at a typical temperature (150-200 ◦C) and quenching to room temperature, 2) reheating to a lower aging temperature (60-100 ◦C) for times that result in hardening, and 3) reheating to the initial aging temperature again and holding until peak hardness is observed. The improvements were reported to be due to precipitate refinement and secondary precipitation during the low temperature age. However, the improvements in properties have not been consistently reproduced in the literature, and an explanation for the discrepancies remains unclear. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate the interrupted aging processes and the effects of each aging stage, as well as the effect of cold work, on precipitate development in commercial 2024 Al and a high-purity variant of the commercial 2014 alloy, Al-4.2Cu-0.4Mg (wt%). The aging responses, precipitation behavior, and microstructural changes were examined using Vickers microhardness, electrical resistivity, and electron microscopy. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was also used to characterize the precipitate size and volume fraction during the initial underaging and subsequent stages of interrupted aging. It was found that, although secondary hardening was observed during the low temperature aging, apparent softening upon re-heating was observed and the peak hardness showed little improvement. In addition, in 2024 alloys which were cold worked after SHT or after underaging, no further strengthening was observed during secondary aging at 65 ◦C. Likewise, subsequent aging to peak hardness showed no improvements. In order to understand these results, an attempt was made to examine the mechanism of hardening during the underaging and secondary hardening treatments using SAXS. Formation of 1 nm diameter solute clusters up to ∼3 vol% was found to contribute primarily to the initial rapid hardening and secondary strengthening during interrupted aging. The subsequent softening was attributed to the reversion of these 1 nm clusters. Further analyses of the observed cluster hardening involved estimating the modulus and/or surface/chemical strengthening. The shear modulus of the clusters was estimated to be 2.9-3.3 GPa higher than that of 2024, and additional surface energy from cluster shearing was estimated to be 0.16-0.63 J/m2.
Theory of DNA melting curves

Exact algorithms for the calculation of melting curves of heterogeneous DNA with N base pairs apparently require computer time proportional to N2. However, it is shown that a decomposition of the loop entropy factor into a sum of I exponential functions (1) gives an extremely accurate approximation to the loop entropy factor for small values of I and (2) makes the computer time for the exact algorithms proportional to I·N. In effect, exact results for melting curves and lengths of helix or coil stretches are obtained with computer time comparable to that required for the Frank‐Kamenetskii approximation. The remarkable accuracy of the latter for the fraction of helical content (errors of 0.01–0.05) is confirmed, but appreciably larger errors are found for the lengths of helix or coil stretches (typical errors of 30–100%).
Additional file 1: of A Protein Nanopore-Based Approach for Bacteria Sensing

Contains control experiments performed in the absence and presence of bacteria, added on the trans side, at positively biased membranes, control experiments performed at pHâ =â 4 in the absence of bacteria, at negatively biased membranes, and control experiments performed in the presence of trans-added CMA3 peptides in the absence of bacterial cells, at negative and positive transmembrane potentials held across the nanopore. (DOCX 1419 kb)
ONTOLOGY VISUALIZATION PROTÉGÉ TOOLS – A REVIEW

Protégé is one of the most popular tools of the ontology visualization. The “Protégé” tools are being applied for further development in various disciplines for better understanding of knowledge. These tools commonly use four methods of ontology visualization, namely, indented list, node-link and tree, zoomable, and focus+context. The purpose of this work is to present a study on application of these four methods in the development of different kinds of protégé visualization tools and categorize their characteristics and features so that it assists in method selection and promotes further future research in the area of ontology visualization.
Medical Textiles as Substrates for Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine, with the aim to replace, repair and remodel the damaged tissues and organs, has led to development of myriad biomimetic materials that possess biomechanical properties resembling those of native tissues. Some of the key points to generate a successful replacement for native tissues are selecting the appropriate cell types and incorporating them into biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) sca olds or substrates. Di erent types of biomaterials, including degradable or nondegradable materials with various morphologies and structures, can be used as sca olds to provide a hospitable and supporting environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Fibrous sca olds have been extensively used in regenerative medicine applications. Speci cally, biomedical textiles with brous structure have a long history in treatment, repair, and replacement of tissues. While some applications are as simple as bandages *Corresponding author: sahar.salehi@bm.uni-bayreuth.de 364 Textile Finishing or sutures, others are more complex like repair of heart valves, vascular grafts, and engineered skeletal muscle tissue. The fibrous structures/textiles can be developed in a way that their shapes and sizes match the tissue’s or organ’s structure or mechanics while enabling cellular infiltration due to their highly porous structure. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the fibrous structure applications in TE and regenerative medicine. Then, we review the background of medical textiles and summarize the fabrication methods for fibers and fibrous scaffolds with different morphologies and structures used in various TE applications (e.g. musculoskeletal, eye, cardiac, and nerve tissues). At the end, we highlight the future of medical textiles in regenerative medicine applications.
Analysis of a circulant based preconditioner for a class of lower rank extracted systems

This paper proposes and studies the performance of a preconditioner suitable for solving a class of symmetric positive definite systems, Apx=b, which we call lower rank extracted systems (LRES), by the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. These systems correspond to integral equations with convolution kernels defined on a union of many line segments in contrast to only one line segment in the case of Toeplitz systems. The p × p matrix, Ap, is shown to be a principal submatrix of a larger N × N Toeplitz matrix, AN. The preconditioner is provided in terms of the inverse of a 2N × 2N circulant matrix constructed from the elements of AN. The preconditioner is shown to yield clustering in the spectrum of the preconditioned matrix similar to the clustering results for iterative algorithms used to solve Toeplitz systems. The analysis also demonstrates that the computational expense to solve LRE systems is reduced to O(N log N). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the categorization of Cause and Effect in WordNet

The task of detecting causal connections in text would benefit greatly from a comprehensive representation of Cause and Effect in WordNet, since previous studies show that semantic abstractions play an important role in the linguistic detection of semantic relations, in particular the cause-effect relation. Based on these studies on causality, and on our own general intuitions about causality, we propose a cover-set of different WordNet categories to represent the ontological classes of Cause and Effect. We also propose a corpus-based approach to the population of these categories, whereby candidate words and senses are identified in a large corpus (such as the Google N-gram corpus) using specific syntagmatic patterns. We describe experiments using the CauseEffect dataset from the 2007 SemEval workshop to evaluate the most effective combinations of WordNet categories and corpus data. Ultimately, we propose extending the WordNet category of Causal-Agent with the word-senses identified by this experimental exploration.
Rhetorical-State Hidden Markov Models for extractive speech summarization

We propose an extractive summarization system with a novel non-generative probabilistic framework for speech summarization. One of the most underutilized features in extractive summarization is rhetorical information - semantically cohesive units that are hidden in spoken documents. We propose Rhetorical-State Hidden Markov Models (RSHMMs) to automatically decode this underlying structure in speech. We show that RSHMMs give a 71.69% ROUGE-L F-measure, a 5.69% absolute increase in lecture speech summarization performance compared to the baseline system without using RSHMM. It equally outperforms the baseline system with additional discourse features, showing that our RSHMM is a more refined improvement on the conventional discourse feature.