Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SiC Power MOSFET Loss Model Suitable for High-Frequency Applications

The reduced chip size and unipolar current conduction mechanism make silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) suitable for high-frequency power electronics applications. Modeling the switching process of the SiC power MOSFET with parasitic components is important for achieving higher efficiency and power density system design. Therefore, this paper proposes a new concise yet accurate switching loss model for SiC power MOSFETs. Addressing the limitations in experimental measurements, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed model taking the output capacitance Coss discharge and charge into consideration. The role of the parasitic components in the second-order model is discussed in depth for switching losses. Furthermore, this paper also provides guidelines in designing the gate driver for ultrafast SiC power MOSFETs.
Conceptual Map and Classification in Ensembles of Autonomic Components: from Awareness to Organization

Designing cooperative autonomic components and studying their possible interactions when operating in ensemble in open and non-deterministic environments, poses several challenges for the developer. While older studies focus on the several possibilities for optimized collaboration protocols and communication possibilities in distributed architectures, the most recent trend is more focussing on the self-expression and self-organizing features that aware components may deploy during run-time, thus exploring new frontiers in designing adaptive collaboration patterns. In this paper we propose a conceptual map for autonomic components (taking into account the distributed robotics scenario) able to classify old and new approaches in collaboration, highlighting similarities and commonalities between patterns and by focussing on the last studies about awareness of autonomous components. Being a preliminary study, the further goal is represented by finding a design approach for dynamically changing collaboration patterns during a run-time execution of tasks.
Influence of Within-Orchard Trap Placement on Catch of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Sex Pheromone–Treated Orchards

Abstract The influence of trap placement on catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. , was examined in a series of studies conducted in orchards treated with Isomate-C Plus sex pheromone dispensers. Mark–recapture tests with sterilized moths released along the interface of pairs of treated and untreated apple and pear plots found that significantly more male but not female moths were recaptured on interception traps placed in the treated plots. In a second test, significantly higher numbers of wild male and female moths were caught on interception traps placed in treated versus untreated plots within a heavily infested orchard. The highest numbers of male moths were caught on traps placed along the interior edge of the treated plots. Trap position had no influence on the captures of female moths. In a third test, north–south transects of sex pheromone–baited traps were placed through adjacent treated and untreated plots that received a uniform release of sterilized moths. Traps on the upwind edge of the treated plots caught similar numbers of moths as traps upwind from the treated plots. Moth catch was significantly reduced at all other locations inside versus outside of the treated plots, including traps placed on the downwind edge of the treated plot. In a fourth test, five apple orchards were monitored with groups of sex pheromone–baited traps placed either on the border or at three distances inside the orchards. The highest moth counts were in traps placed at the border, and the lowest moth counts were in traps placed 30 and 50 m from the border. In a fifth test, the proportion of traps failing to catch any moths despite the occurrence of local fruit injury was significantly higher in traps placed 50 versus 25 m from the border. The implications provided by these data for designing an effective monitoring program for codling moth in sex pheromone–treated orchards are discussed.
Body Size, Population Metabolism, and Habitat Specialization Among Large African Herbivores

Large species generally occur at lower population densities than small species but, being larger, use more energy per individual. The balance between population density and energy use per individual determines how evenly community resources are shared by species of different size. Analyses of large data sets, covering a wide range of body sizes, have found that population metabolism (the product of population density and energy use per individual) scales either neutrally (Damuth 1981, 1987) or negatively (Peters 1983) with body mass. However, different scaling relationships may occur in certain communities within specific biogeographic regions. Brown and Maurer (1986) found that population metabolism scales positively with body mass among North American land birds, granivorous desert rodents, marine fishes, and perennial desert plants. A comprehensive study of the relationships between mammalian population density and body mass (Peters and Raelson 1984) indicates that population metabolism scales positively with body mass among "smaller tropical" herbivores (cxM026), "larger tropical" herbivores (cx M045), and "larger tropical" carnivores-omnivores (cxM028) but not among North American species (herbivores, cxM0 09; carnivores-omnivores, xMm-0.39) We present results confirming that among African savanna herbivores, population metabolism scales positively with body mass. That is, larger species use a disproportionately larger share of local resources. We also present a hypothesis to explain this, on the basis of patterns of habitat use. We analyzed census data for mammalian herbivores (-4 kg) from 11 African national parks or wildlife reserves within the savanna biome. Areas varied from 75 km2 to 19,500 km2. Population metabolism was calculated as the product of mean population density, mean individual body mass, and mass-specific metabolic rate (assumed to scale as M-0.25; Kleiber 1961). The combined data from these parks show that population metabolism increases significantly with body mass (table 1). However, a tendency to undercount smaller species could have influenced this result. Hence, we also examined ungulate populations estimated for the Umfolozi Game Reserve in South Africa, where aerial census data were corrected with intensive ground-based counts. A similar relationship between population metabolism and body mass was found. Finally, we considered the highest local densities reported from specific studies in areas favored by each species. Our analysis (table 1) shows that, among large herbivorous species in African savanna ecosystems, population metabolism increases approximately in relation to M045s. This relationship is confirmed by Damuth's (1987) data, in which population metabo-
The climate for innovation in public and nonprofit organizations

The main contribution of this study is the introduction of the concept of innovation climate as it applies to public and nonprofit organizations. An innovation climate is defined as an atmosphere within an organization that fosters and propagates innovation and has in place various traits among organization members that are conducive to producing creative and novel ideas that may lead to improved organizational performance and efficiency. This study compares public (state government) and nonprofit organizations on their perceived innovativeness and analyzes the environmental factors and organizational practices that are presumably related to the innovation climate. This dissertation uses survey data from the National Administrative Studies Project III (NASP-III) that surveyed managers in state government agencies and nonprofit organizations in Georgia and Illinois over a three-wave, tenmonth span, on a variety of organizational topics. Using principal component analysis the author develops a concept of innovation climate based on various elements that include innovation as an organizational value, willingness to take risks, high levels of trust from managers, low levels of red tape, a sense of pride in working for an organization, high quality of work, performance incentives, and high ethical standards. Findings from a series of OLS regression models suggest that job flexibility, the quality and reputation of the organization, and those who view work as the most important aspect of their lives are positively related to both public and nonprofit innovation climates. Personnel inflexibility negatively affects the innovation climate in both the public and nonprofit sectors, and other variables, including advancement motivation, vary by sector. The study concludes with suggestions for further research and the context in which research on innovation climate should be conducted. INDEX WORDS: organizational innovation, public management, nonprofit management, organizational culture, organizational climate THE CLIMATE FOR INNOVATION IN PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS ON MOTIVATION, FLEXIBILITY, AND WORK
Labyrinth 3D. Cultural archetypes for exploring media archives

ABSTRACT Since the advent of the World Wide Web, online media archives have changed their audience from a restricted number of professionals and amateurs to the general public. This shift is not without consequences: if, on the one side, it represents an important opportunity for archives to engage in a dialogue with a larger audience, on the other side, it advocates novel forms of access that go beyond the highly specialized models underlying traditional access tools. In this paper, we propose to use 3-D graphics for designing novel tools of exploratory search in cultural heritage archives. Our approach has been deployed as an online virtual environment where the user can navigate the meaning relations over the items in the archive. Targeted at cultural heritage, the application, called Labyrinth 3D, relies on the use of cultural archetypes to inform the conceptualization of the archive and the creation of the virtual environment, with the goal of engaging the user in the exploration of the archive through the creation of personal paths.
A password for species recognition in a brood-parasitic bird

Recognition of conspecifics is an essential precursor of sexual reproduction. Most mammals and birds learn salient features of their parents or siblings early in ontogeny and later recognize individuals whose phenotypes match the mental image (template) of relatives closely enough as conspecifics. However, the young of brood parasites are reared among heterospecifics, so social learning will yield inappropriate species recognition templates. Initially, it was inferred that conspecific recognition in brood parasites depended on genetically determined templates. More recently it was demonstrated that learning plays a critical role in the development of parasites' social preferences. Here we propose a mechanism that accommodates the interaction of learned and genetic components of recognition. We suggest that conspecific recognition is initiated when a young parasite encounters some unique species–specific signal or 'password' (e.g. a vocalization, behaviour or other characteristic) that triggers learning of additional aspects of the password–giver's phenotype. We examined the possibility that nestlings of the obligately brood–parasitic brown–headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) could use a species–specific vocalization, the 'chatter', as a password. We found that six–day–old nestlings responded (begged) significantly more frequently to playbacks of chatters than to other avian sounds and that two–month–old fledglings approached playbacks of chatters more quickly than vocalizations of heterospecifics. Free–living cowbird fledglings and adults also approached playbacks of chatters more often than control sounds. Passwords may be involved in the ontogeny of species recognition in brood parasites generally.
DUCK : a deDUCtive Keyboard

This paper presents the deDUCtive Keyboard (DUCK), aiming to improve text entry for visually impaired users on AZERTY/QWERTY based layout on software keyboards. Relying on a predictive system, DUCK allows rapid text entry without any precision on keyboard hits. A preliminary study with a visually impaired user indicated that usability is improved when compared to a regular virtual keyboard with a vocal feedback.
Comparison study of rare-earth-free motors with permanent magnet motors in EV applications

Four topologies of in-wheel motors, including three switched reluctance motors and one permanent magnet synchronous motor of the same dimension, are proposed for comparison in electric vehicle applications. The three switched reluctance motors are 6/4, 6/10 and 6/16 two-teeth structures, respectively, along with the permanent magnet synchronous motor topology of 12 stator slot and 8 poles. The parameters of the motors are optimized for the best torque performance through genetic algorithm. The comparison contains torque output, iron loss and efficiency. Consequently, the results demonstrate 6/16 two-teeth switched reluctance topology is a potential candidate for electric vehicle applications.
Service quality, recreational attractiveness, and willingness to return: cultural parks in Taiwan

willingness to returnThe cultural industry has been the most popular issue for research and discussion around the world in recent years and has become included in the policies for social and economic development in advanced countries. Governments and private institutions concerned with “globalization” and “localization” promote the development of the cultural industry and combine the humanities and the economy in order to add value. Taiwanese local governments and cities have played important roles in the development of culture and art. In recent years, local governments and cities have invested greatly in cultural and artistic activities and spatial creativity. Culture has increasingly been the major appeal for local development and has been the optimal strategy for raising local publicity. In addition, culture has assisted in the transformation of the cultural industry and been taken into consideration when planning and developing local leisure and tourism industries. Moreover, culture promotes the planning and discussion of communities, local areas, and cultural industries as well as the industrialization of culture and culturalization of industries to help market local cultures on a global scale. The results of this study show that the tangibility and reactivity dimensions in service quality are the main factors influencing the relaxing dimension in recreational attractiveness. In addition, the tangibility dimension in service quality is the main factor influencing tourists’ willingness to return. Lastly, the relaxing dimension in recreational attractiveness is the main factor influencing tourists’ willingness to return. Therefore, the results of this study provide suggestions for relevant authorities when promoting cultural parks, such as, strengthening physical facilities and service-providing equipment and training staff’s problem-solving and consulting skills in order to improve tourist’s image of the park. Moreover, a variety of cultural activities can be held in the park in order to add to the story behind products and improve tourist interactions so that tourists can relax and experience the park and will be more willing to return to the park
Increasing Response Rates to Web-Based Surveys

We review a popular method for collecing data—Web-based surveys. Although Web surveys are popular, one major concern is their typically low response rates. Using the Dillman et al. (2009) approach, we designed, pre-tested, and implemented a survey on climate change with Extension professionals in the Southeast. The Dillman approach worked well, and we generated response rates as high as 79%. However, the method was not problem-free. We share several lessons learned and recommendations for increasing response rates with Web-based surveys and draw attention to the importance of personalized and repeated contact for improving survey response rates.
A MOMENT MATCHING APPROACH TO THE VALUATION OF A VOLUME WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRICE OPTION

In this paper we develop a method to find the price of several options whose payoff depends on a volume weighted average price (VWAP). Fixed and floating strike VWAP, together with digital VWAP contracts are considered. Throughout we assume that the stock follows a geometric Brownian motion and the rate of trades evolves as a mean reverting process. It is assumed that the VWAP at the final time has a lognormal distribution. The parameters of the approximating lognormal distribution are obtained by matching the first two moments of the volume weighted average price with a lognormal process. A price is then obtained for the fixed strike and digital options when the market price of risk is a constant. We concentrate on the price for calls, prices for puts can be obtained in an analogous manner.
Impacts of Community Commitment on Brand Equity Creation in Company-Initiated Online Brand Communities

With the emergence of online communities, the role of online communities in establishing brand equity has been greatly emphasized. In order to enhance our understanding of commitment in online brand communities, the present study attempts to investigate how three dimensions of community commitment (continuance, affective, and normative commitment) influence each component of brand equity (brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty) in the context of company-initiated online brand community. An online survey was conducted with a sample of online brand community members. The results found differential impacts of three types of community commitment on brand equity components, emphasizing the role of continuance and affective commitment. Continuance community commitment positively influenced brand awareness and brand association. Affective community commitment positively affected perceived quality, while among the three, only continuance and affective community commitment influenced the enhancement of brand loyalty. The results suggest that brand marketers need to focus on continuance and affective commitment factors in their online communities to effectively enhance brand equity possessed by consumers. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
Broadband Photonic Microwave Signal Processor With Frequency Up/Down Conversion and Phase Shifting Capability

A new dual-function photonic microwave signal processing structure that has the ability to realize both frequency up/down conversion and RF/IF phase shifting, is presented. In the proposed signal processor, a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) is used to generate an orthogonally polarized single RF/IF signal and local oscillator (LO) modulation sideband without an optical carrier. The optical phase difference between the two sidebands can be controlled by controlling a DC voltage applied to a LiNbO3 electro-optic phase modulator that is connected after the DP-DPMZM. Beating between the two sidebands at a photodetector generates an RF/IF signal with a phase equal to the optical phase difference between the IF/RF signal and LO sidebands. The dual-function photonic microwave signal processor has a wide bandwidth and does not require a precise control of the laser wavelength. Experimental results demonstrate that a flat >−3 dB down/up conversion efficiency is achieved for an RF signal from 3.5 to 26.5 GHz and for an IF signal from 0.5 to 3 GHz, and a full 360° continuous phase shift of the output IF/RF signal.
Factors affecting maternal anxiety about child rearing in Japanese mothers

In order to determine the factors causing anxiety in raising young children, data were collected from questionnaires completed by 1164 mothers of 3‐y‐old children at a standardized baby checkup. Factors concerning demographic characteristics, delivery and child rearing practice were used in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that mothers rearing first children and toddlers who were susceptible to common illnesses were likely to worry. Improvements in the child rearing environment are needed.
A multisignature scheme for the general access structure

A multisignature scheme for the general access structure is proposed. This scheme allows the signers of an authorized subset to cooperate to generate a valid group signature, and it is impossible for those of an unauthorized subset to generate a group signature. Its computational complexity is comparatively low. The security of the scheme is based on the intractability of the discrete log problem. Both the validity of the partial signature of a signer and that of the group signature of an authorized subset can be verified, and the suspected forgery and forgers can be detected.
An Inducible Targeted Tagging System for Localized Saturation Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis1[w]

We describe a system of inducible insertional mutagenesis based on the Ac-Ds family of transposons for targeted tagging in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this system, the Ac and Ds elements are carried within the same T-DNA and a heat shock-inducible transposase fusion is utilized to control the levels of transposase gene expression, generating transpositions that can be subsequently stabilized without requiring crossing or segregation. We have mapped 40 single-copy lines by thermal asymmetric interlaced-PCR, which can be used as potential launch pads for heat shock mutagenesis. Using a starter line selected for detailed analysis, the efficiency of tagging over a 50-kb region in the genome was examined. Hits were obtained in the targeted genes with multiple alleles for most genes, with approximately equal numbers of hits detected in genes on either side of the T-DNA. These results establish the feasibility of our approach for localized saturation mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. This system is very efficient and much less laborious as compared to conventional crossing schemes and may be generally applicable to other plant species for which large-scale T-DNA tagging is not currently feasible.
Power Controlled Uplink Performance Analysis under Soft Handover in DS-CDMA Systems along with Convolutional Coding Scheme

Power control and soft handover are two important technologies in radio resource management that ensure the capacity and performance of a DS-CDMA system. Using these technologies along with rake receiver and error correction coding for interference limited DS-CDMA systems results in reducing interference while increasing capacity and coverage. In this paper, the performance of power controlled uplink under soft handover in DS-CDMA systems which uses error correction coding, has been evaluated. Then the performance improvement due to macro selection diversity has been calculated. It is shown that system under soft handover has less sensitivity against incrementing the power control error (PCE) and number of users. Finally it is pointed out that by using convolutional error correction coding scheme an additional gain is obtained.
List of Illustrations and Tables

p. 15 FAA Air Traffic Control Centers p. 15 Reporting structure, Northeast Air Defense Sector p. 32–33 Flight paths and timelines p. 49 Usama Bin Ladin p. 64 Map of Afghanistan p. 148 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed p. 238–239 The 9/11 hijackers p. 279 The World Trade Center Complex as of 9/11 p. 284 The World Trade Center radio repeater system p. 288 The World Trade Center North Tower stairwell with deviations p. 312 The Twin Towers following the impact of American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 p. 313 The Pentagon after being struck by American Airlines Flight 77 p. 313 American Airlines Flight 93 crash site, Shanksville, Pennsylvania p. 413 Unity of effort in managing intelligence