Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological study of the relationship between sleep disturbances and somatic and psychological complaints among the Japanese general population

There have been only a few studies on the relationship between sleep disturbances and somatic and psychological complaints in Japanese people. In this study, we analyzed this relationship using the data of the health and welfare survey performed in 2000 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbances and somatic and psychological complaints among the Japanese general population. The survey was performed in members of households in 300 areas extracted randomly from all over the country using a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire items included somatic and psychological complaints (headache, dizziness, palpitation/dyspnea, epigastric discomfort, constipation/diarrhea, stiff neck/shoulder, backache, easy fatigability, persistent fatigue, irritability, anxiety, and worrying about health) and sleep disturbances. Data obtained from 28 714 subjects, aged 20 years or more, were analyzed. The prevalences of almost all complaints were significantly higher in the females than in the males. In the subjects who had a larger number of somatic and psychological complaints, the prevalence of symptom concerning sleep disturbances, such as difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, insomnia, short sleep duration, and subjective insufficient sleep, were higher. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that individual somatic and psychological complaints were independently associated with each symptom of sleep disturbance. It is important to apply the results of this study to the treatment of sleep disturbances and sleep hygiene.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, with a Focus on Afatinib

Somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are present in around 50% of Asian patients and in 10–15% of Caucasian patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma histology. The first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib have demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and response rates but not overall survival (OS) benefit in randomized phase III trials when compared with platinum-doublet chemotherapy. All patients treated with EGFR-TKIs will eventually develop acquired resistance to these agents. Afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, has shown in two randomly controlled trials in patients with EGFR-activating mutations, a significant improvement in PFS and health-related quality of life when compared to platinum-based chemotherapy. Afatinib improved OS in patients with Del19 mutations. In patients having progressed on first-generation EGFR-TKIs, afatinib did lead to a clinical benefit. A randomly controlled trial showed that PFS was significantly superior with afatinib vs. erlotinib in patients with squamous NSCLC in the second-line setting. A phase IIb trial comparing afatinib and gefitinib in first-line EGFR positive NSCLC showed significantly improved PFS with afatinib but OS was not significantly improved.
Anomaly detection in time series data using a combination of wavelets, neural networks and Hilbert transform

In this paper, a new signal processing algorithm for detecting anomalies in time series data is proposed. Real time detection of anomalies is crucial in structural health monitoring applications as it can be used for an early detection of structural damage as well as for discovery of abnormal operating conditions that can shorten a structure's life. A new algorithm - a combination of wavelets, neural networks and Hilbert transform - is presented and discussed in this study. The algorithm has been evaluated for a number of benchmark tests, commonly used in the literature, and has been found to perform robustly.
Missive: Fast Application Launch From an Untrusted Buffer Cache

The Embassies system [18] turns the web browser model inside out: the client is ultra-minimal, and hence strongly isolates pages and apps; every app carries its own libraries and provides itself OS-like services. A typical Embassies app is 100 MiB of binary code. We have found that the first reaction most people have upon learning of this design is: how can big apps start quickly in such a harsh, mutually-untrusting environment? The key is the observation that, with appropriate system organization, the performance enhancements of a shared buffer cache can be supplied by an untrusted component. The benefits of sharing depend on availability of commonality; this paper measures a hundred diverse applications to show that applications indeed exhibit sufficient commonality to enable fast start, reducing startup data from 64MiB to 1MiB. Exploiting that commonality requires careful packaging and appropriate application of conventional deduplication and incremental start techniques. These enable an untrusted client-side cache to rapidly assemble an app image and transfer it--via IP--to the bootstrapping process. The result is proof that big apps really can start in a few hundred milliseconds from a shared but untrusted buffer cache.
In Vivo and In Vitro Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10

ABSTRACT Recently, passive immunization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 provided evidence of the in vivo activity of 2G12 but raised concerns about the function of the two membrane-proximal external region (MPER)-specific MAbs (A. Trkola, H. Kuster, P. Rusert, B. Joos, M. Fischer, C. Leemann, A. Manrique, M. Huber, M. Rehr, A. Oxenius, R. Weber, G. Stiegler, B. Vcelar, H. Katinger, L. Aceto, and H. F. Gunthard, Nat. Med. 11:615-622, 2005). In the light of MPER-targeting vaccines under development, we performed an in-depth analysis of the emergence of mutations conferring resistance to these three MAbs to further elucidate their activity. Clonal analysis of the MPER of plasma virus samples derived during antibody treatment confirmed that no changes in this region had occurred in vivo. Sequence analysis of the 2G12 epitope relevant N-glycosylation sites of viruses derived from 13 patients during the trial supported the phenotypic evaluation, demonstrating that mutations in these sites are associated with resistance. In vitro selection experiments with isolates of four of these individuals corroborated the in vivo finding that virus strains rapidly escape 2G12 pressure. Notably, in vitro resistance mutations differed, in most cases, from those found in vivo. Importantly, in vitro selection with 2F5 and 4E10 demonstrated that resistance to these MAbs can be difficult to achieve and can lead to selection of variants with impaired infectivity. This remarkable vulnerability of the virus to interference within the MPER calls for a further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of MPER-targeting therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
Investigation of the Proteolytic Functions of an Expanded Cercarial Elastase Gene Family in Schistosoma mansoni

Background Cercarial elastase is the major invasive larval protease in Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic blood fluke, and is essential for host skin invasion. Genome sequence analysis reveals a greatly expanded family of cercarial elastase gene isoforms in Schistosoma mansoni. This expansion appears to be unique to S. mansoni, and it is unknown whether gene duplication has led to divergent protease function. Methods Profiling of transcript and protein expression patterns reveals that cercarial elastase isoforms are similarly expressed throughout the S. mansoni life cycle. Computational modeling predicts key differences in the substrate-binding pockets of various cercarial elastase isoforms, suggesting a diversification of substrate preferences compared with the ancestral gene of the family. In addition, active site labeling of SmCE reveals that it is activated prior to exit of the parasite from its intermediate snail host. Conclusions The expansion of the cercarial gene family in S. mansoni is likely to be an example of gene dosage. In addition to its critical role in human skin penetration, data presented here suggests a novel role for the protease in egress from the intermediate snail host. This study demonstrates how enzyme activity-based analysis complements genomic and proteomic studies, and is key in elucidating proteolytic function.
The Quality of Work Life in NAEYC Accredited and Nonaccredited Early Childhood Programs.

This study assessed differences in the work environments of NAEYC accredited and nonaccredited centers. The sample included 5,008 directors, teachers, and support staff who worked in 60 accredited and 320 nonaccredited child care centers in 33 states. Individuals completed the Early Childhood Work Environment Survey assessing their perceptions of different organizational practices. Data were aggregated using the center as the unit of analysis. The results revealed that there were notable differences between accredited and nonaccredited programs relating to the quality of work life for staff. In 10 dimensions of organizational climate, there were statistically significant differences between accredited and nonaccredited programs. The four dimensions which together accounted for the greatest variation in differences were innovativeness, goal consensus, opportunities for professional growth, and clarity. Statistically significant differences were also registered in staffs level of job commitment, staff turno.
Formality and informality in the summative assessment of motor vehicle apprentices: a case study

This article explores the interaction of formal and informal attributes of competence‐based assessment. Specifically, it presents evidence from a small qualitative case study of summative assessment practices for competence‐based qualifications within apprenticeships in the motor industry in England. The data are analysed through applying an adaptation of a framework for exploring the interplay of formality and informality in learning. This analysis reveals informal mentoring as a significant element which influences not only the process of assessment, but also its outcomes. We offer different possible interpretations of the data and their analysis, and conclude that, whichever interpretation is adopted, there appears to be a need for greater capacity‐building for assessors at a local level. This could acknowledge a more holistic role for assessors; recognise the importance of assessors’ informal practices in the formal retention and achievement of apprentices; and enhance awareness of inequalities that may be reinforced by both informal and formal attributes of assessment practices.
A new performance test of adaptive cognitive functioning: The Medication Management (MM) test

The Medication Management (MM) Test is a new technique for measuring high‐level adaptive functioning in early dementia. Scoring is based on direct observation of the subject's performance on a structured task, simulating calculations and manipulations involved in the self‐administration of medications. The equipment is lightweight, small and portable. Procedures are brief and readily administered with little training. It is congruent with a general health inquiry and not threatening to the subject's self‐image. The sensitivies and specificities with respect to criterion diagnosis of dementia are as good as five widely used brief cognitive screens, and hold up well in early cases. The scores are not biased by gender, culture or setting; and are less biased by age and education than are conventional cognitive screens.
eChickAtlas: An introduction to the database

The precise control of gene expression is critical in embryonic development. Quantitative assays, such as microarrays and RNA sequencing, provide gene expression levels for a large number of genes, but do not contain spatial information. In contrast, in situ methods, such as in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, provide spatial resolution, but poor quantification and can only reveal the expression of one, or very few genes at a time. Furthermore, the usual methods of documenting the results, by photographing whole mounts or sections, makes it very difficult to assess the three‐dimensional (3D) relationships between expressing and nonexpressing cells. Optical projection tomography (OPT) can capture the full 3D expression pattern in a whole embryo at a reasonable level of resolution and at moderately high throughput. A large database containing spatio‐temporal patterns of expression for the mouse (e‐Mouse Atlas Project, EMAP, www.emouseatlas.org) has been created, incorporating 3D information. Like the mouse, the chick is an important model in developmental biology and translational studies. To facilitate comparisons between these important model organisms, we have created a 3D anatomical atlas, accompanied by an anatomical ontology of the chick embryo and a database of gene expression patterns during chick development. This database is publicly available (www.echickatlas.org). genesis 51:365–371. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Analysis of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-Tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrophenanthrene and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in Smokers' Plasma

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), are widely accepted to be two important types of lung carcinogens in cigarette smoke. In this study, we have developed a method to estimate individual uptake of these compounds by quantifying r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in 1 mL of smokers' plasma. PheT and NNAL are biomarkers of PAH and NNK uptake, respectively. [D10]PheT and [pyridine-D4]NNAL were added to plasma as internal standards. The plasma was treated with β-glucuronidase to release any conjugated PheT and NNAL. The analytes were enriched by solid-phase extraction on a mixed mode cation exchange cartridge and the PheT fraction was further purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The appropriate fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry for PheT and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for NNAL. The method was sensitive (limits of quantitation: PheT, 13 fmol/mL; NNAL, 3 fmol/mL), accurate, and precise. Levels of PheT and NNAL in plasma from 16 smokers averaged 95 ± 71 and 36 ± 21 fmol/mL, respectively, which are ∼1% to 2% of the amounts found in urine. This method should be useful in molecular epidemiology studies of carcinogen uptake and lung cancer in smokers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(8):1490–4)
Knowledge Mining and Discovery for Searching in Literary Texts

The article describes a query system on texts and literary material with advanced information retrieval tools suitable to retrieve the content of a text, either as material specifically organized with respect to linguistic, stylistic and rethoric features, and in its historical, social and cultural context. As a test bed we chose the Dante’s characters of al di là . This method of investigation should help a scholar of a literary text to realize part of his interpretative intentions. For this purpose, we will adopt advanced methodologies in knowledge management and knowledge discovery to be applied to a rich representation of the tagged content of a text.
Advocating for the Young Child in Need Through Strengthening the Parent-Child Relationship

Argues that strengthening the parent-child relationship must be a priority for any program or practitioner providing services to young children and their families. Problems in implementing this priority are explored. A training program and model, the Ounce of Prevention Fund Developmental Program, is presented along with preliminary research on its effectiveness. Both environmental and biological factors and existing disabling conditions are linked to subsequent developmental problems. Traditionally, environmental risk is addressed in parent-focused support programs and biological risk and developmental disability in pediatric practice, early intervention, and special education. However, research indicates that the effects of risk are mediated by the parent-child relationship.
Some Characteristics of SMPY's "700-800 on SAT-M Before Age 13 Group": Youths Who Reason Extremely Well Mathematically1

Statistics concerning background characteristics of a remarkable group of 292 youths who reason extremely well mathematically are presented. Identified initially at age 12 or less, they reside all over the United States and in two foreign countries. The sex ratio is 12 boys per 1 girl. The group tends to be quite able verbally, but much more so mathematically. Most of their parents are well educated. Some of these young students are vastly more accelerated in school grade placement than are the majority of the group. Other relevant characteristics are also discussed.
Inventário de sexismo ambivalente: sua adaptação e relação com o gênero

This study aimed (1) to adapt the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) to the Brazilian reality, and (2) to evaluate the variability of its scores in relation to gender. This instrument is composed of 22 items that should be responded to on 5-point Likert-scale; theoretically, it evaluates two factors: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. Two hundred (male and female) Psychology undergraduate students of a private university took part in the sample. The questionnaires were completed collectively during class, and the subjects were assured of the anonymity of their answers. The results confirmed the existence of both hypothesized factors, and indicated a correlation of sexism with gender. Specifically, male score were higher in hostile sexism, while female scores were higher in benevolent sexism. These results are discussed with the stereotype of gender background found in the literature.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Quantitative Review

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Data sourcesA comprehensive search for all of the English articles published between 1959 and 1997. Study selectionAll of the articles were reviewed independently by at least three of the four authors to decide on eligibility based on predetermined criteria. Disagreements were discussed and then settled, if necessary, by a majority vote. Data extractionEligible studies were reviewed independently, and data were extracted by using standardized coding forms. Inconsistencies in data extraction were settled by discussion and majority vote. The main outcomes extracted were strength, time to return to work, frequency of return to sports, rerupture rate, and complications. Complications were divided into major, moderate, and minor categories. Data synthesisThe overall rerupture rate was 2.8% for operatively treated and 11.7% for nonoperatively treated patients (p < 0.001). The rate of minor and moderate complications in operatively treated patients was 20 times that of nonoperatively treated patients. The difference in rates for major complications was not statistically significant. ConclusionsAlthough operative treatment provides a reduced rerupture rate compared with nonoperative treatment, the minor and moderate complication rate of operative treatment is 20 times greater. Treatment should be individualized to the concerns and health of the patient Future clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal method of both operative and conservative treatment.
Priorities Without Priorities: Representing Preemption in Psi-Calculi

Psi-calculi is a parametric framework for extensions of the pi-calculus with data terms and arbitrary logics. In this framework there is no direct way to represent action priorities, where an action can execute only if all other enabled actions have lower priority. We here demonstrate that the psi-calculi parameters can be chosen such that the effect of action priorities can be encoded. To accomplish this we define an extension of psi-calculi with action priorities, and show that for every calculus in the extended framework there is a corresponding ordinary psi-calculus, without priorities, and a translation between them that satisfies strong operational correspondence. This is a significantly stronger result than for most encodings between process calculi in the literature. We also formally prove in Nominal Isabelle that the standard congruence and structural laws about strong bisimulation hold in psi-calculi extended with priorities.
Development of the perceptions of mentoring relationships survey: A mixed methods approach

Abstract This paper reports the development and construct-related validity of the Perceptions of Mentoring Relationships Survey (PMRS). I used a sequential, exploratory, mixed methods design to develop the survey. Multistage purposeful sampling was used to recruit participants from a small southeastern university. I used open-ended questions in Study 1 to obtain participants’ perceptions of mentors’ and mentees’ roles in mentoring relationships and to obtain their perceptions of the benefits of mentoring relationships. Results led to the development of a 24-item instrument. I assessed the score reliability and construct-related validity of the PMRS in Study 2. Results showed that scores from the instrument yielded coefficient alphas that ranged from 0.81–0.92. Results from an exploratory factor analysis revealed that the a priori three-factor structure accounted for 52.18% of variance in the data. Results revealed that the PMRS is a construct-related valid instrument that reliably generates data regarding individual perceptions of mentoring relationships.
Design of reduced-rank MMSE multiuser detectors using random matrix methods

Reduced-rank minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) multiuser detectors using asymptotic weights have been shown to reduce receiver complexity while maintaining good performance in long-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. In this paper, we consider the design of reduced-rank MMSE receivers in a general framework which includes fading, single and multiantenna receivers, as well as direct-sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) and multicarrier CDMA (both uplink and downlink). In all these cases, random matrix results are used to obtain explicit expressions for the asymptotic eigenvalue moments of the interference autocorrelation matrix and for the asymptotic weights used in the reduced-rank receiver.
The Anti-Marcos Struggle: Personalistic Rule and Democratic Transition in the Philippines

The Philippine dictatorship of Ferdinand E. Marcos was characterized by family-based rule and corruption. This sultanistic regime - in which the ruler exercised power freely, without loyalty to any ideology or institution - had to be brought down because Marcos would never step down. In this study, Mark Thompson analyzes how Marcos's opponents in the political and economic elite coped with this situation, and why their struggle resulted in a transition to democracy through "people power" rather than through violence and revolution. Based on 150 interviews that Thompson conducted with key participants, and on unpublished materials collected, the book examines the transition process. It reveals how anti-Marcos politicians backed a terrorist campaign by social democrats, and then, after its failure, joined a "united front" with the communists. But when opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., was assassinated in 1983, the politicians were able to draw on public outrage and challenge Marcos at the polls. The opposition's "moral crusade" brought down Marcos and enabled the new president, Corazon C. Aquino, to consolidate democracy despite the troubling legacies of the dictatorship. Thompson argues that the Philippines' long-standing democratic tradition and the appeal that honest government had to the Filipinos were important elements in explaining the peaceful transition process.