Cognitive-Behavioral Management of Tic Disorders

About the Author.Preface. Acknowledgments.Chapter 1: The Nature of Tic Disorders.Definition. Diagnosis.What counts as a tic? Comorbidity and covariation.Secondary distress.Prevalence. Relationship of tics with other disruptive behaviors.Distinguishing impulsions and compulsions: sensory tics, cognitive tics and obsessions.Emotional associations.Self-management strategies.Coping strategies maintaining the tic cycle.Functional analysis and situational variability.Conclusions.Chapter 2: Understanding Tic Disorders: Etiological Models.Overview of neurobiological models.Neurophysiological studies.Neurobiological treatments.Genetic factors.Psychosocial factors.Neuropsychological aspects.Emotional regulation.Learning model.Psychological treatments.Behavioral approaches.Abbreviated versions of habit reversal.Other tension prevention and exposure techniques.Conclusions.Chapter 3: Motor Processing in Tic Disorders.Motor processing.Psychology of action.Tics as behavioral acts.Human ecology of action.Motor psychophysiology.Chronic muscle tension.The role of frustration in tic onset.Tic onset and muscle use: the frustration-action/tense-release cycle.Perfectionist styles of action.Heightened sensorimotor awareness.Dysregulation of motor activation cycle and sensory feedback mechanisms.A cognitive-behavioral/motorpsychophysiological model of tic disorder.Clinical implications.Conclusions.Chapter 4: Empirical Studies Testing the Cognitive-psychophysiological Model.Overview. Behavioral activity associated with tic onset in chronic tic and habit disorders.Validation of a style of planning action (STOP) as a discriminator between tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety.Brain-behavior relations during motor processing in chronic tic and habit disorders.A cognitive-behavioral program for the management of chronic tic disorders.Does behavior therapy modify visuo-motor performance in chronic tic disorder? Conclusions.Chapter 5: Future Directions.The cognitive-behavioral/psychophysiological conceptualization of tic disorders.Implications for future research.The TS-OCD spectrum.Separating impulse from compulse: the case of cognitive tics.Adaptation of the program to children and to other groups with special needs.Application of the program to other tension problems.Chapter 6: Therapist Manual.Overview of the program.Assessment procedures.Ten-stage program.Session by session protocol.Trouble-shooting guide.Case illustrations.Chapter 7: Client Manual.Introduction: who is the manual for? About tics.A cognitive-behavioral management approach to changing habits.Overview of tic management model.Motivation. Mind over muscle.Awareness training.Identifying high- and low-risk activities, and associated thoughts and feelings.Muscle discrimination exercises.Relaxing in three dimensions.Refocusing sensations.Thinking in action.Rethinking your thinking.Beliefs relevant to planning action.Motor and behavioral restructuring.Maintaining the new behavior.Conclusions. Appendices.Appendix 1: Questionnaires 1a-1h.Appendix 2: Manual worksheets 2a-2j.Appendix 3: Cognitive tics: special Considerations.Appendix 4: Tic-monitoring diary.Appendix 5: Graphic examples from daily diaries.Appendix 6: Daily diary forms and questionnaire.Appendix 7: Tic quiz.Appendix 8: Follow-up questionnaire.Appendix 9: Answers to tic quiz.References. Index.