Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of CO2-induced seawater acidification on growth, photosynthesis and inorganic carbon acquisition of the harmful bloom-forming marine microalga, Karenia mikimotoi

Karenia mikimotoi is a widespread, toxic and non-calcifying dinoflagellate, which can release and produce ichthyotoxins and hemolytic toxins affecting the food web within the area of its bloom. Shifts in the physiological characteristics of K. mikimotoi due to CO2-induced seawater acidification could alter the occurrence, severity and impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Here, we investigated the effects of elevated pCO2 on the physiology of K. mikimotoi. Using semi-continuous cultures under controlled laboratory conditions, growth, photosynthesis and inorganic carbon acquisition were determined over 4–6 week incubations at ambient (390ppmv) and elevated pCO2 levels (1000 ppmv and 2000 ppmv). pH-drift and inhibitor-experiments suggested that K. mikimotoi was capable of acquiring HCO3-, and that the utilization of HCO3- was predominantly mediated by anion-exchange proteins, but that HCO3- dehydration catalyzed by external carbonic anhydrase (CAext) only played a minor role in K. mikimotoi. Even though down-regulated CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and enhanced gross photosynthetic O2 evolution were observed under 1000 ppmv CO2 conditions, the saved energy did not stimulate growth of K. mikimotoi under 1000 ppmv CO2, probably due to the increased dark respiration. However, significantly higher growth and photosynthesis [in terms of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, effective quantum Yield (Yield), photosynthetic efficiency (α), light saturation point (Ek) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity] were observed under 2000 ppmv CO2 conditions. Furthermore, elevated pCO2 increased the photo-inhibition rate of photosystem II (β) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at high light. We suggest that the energy saved through the down-regulation of CCMs might lead to the additional light stress and photo-damage. Therefore, the response of this species to elevated CO2 conditions will be determined by more than regulation and efficiency of CCMs.
Analysis of precursors to the envelope glycoproteins of avian RNA tumor viruses in chicken and quail cells

Immune precipitation with monospecific antiserum was employed to study the intracellular synthesis of viral glycoproteins gp85 and gp37. Labeled gp85 and gp37 were detected from lysates of cells transformed with Rous sacroma virus, strain B77, after long-term labeling with radioactive glucosamine or phenylalanine. Immune precipitates prepared from lysates of cells pulse-labeled for a short time resulted in a glycoprotein of 92,000 molecular weight (gp92). This precursor was stable in B77-transformed Japanese quail cells for several hours, whereas in chicken cells it could be chased within a few hours into virion glycoproteins gp85 and gp37. Similarly, the precursor for the structural viral proteins, pr76, persisted in quail cells much longer than in chicken cells. During very short pulses or in the presence of a glucosamine block (25 mM glucosamine), the antiserum against the viral envelope glycoproteins detected a precursor of higher electrophoretic mobility of approximately 70,000 molecular weight, "p70. " Fucose label entered gp92 and gp85 as well as "p70. " Proteolytic treatment of virion-bound gp85 in vitro generated two discrete glycoproteins of 62,000 and 45,000 molecular weight, but did not result in an increase in the amount of gp37.
Is the Political Business Cycle Really Dead

A decade ago in this journal, McCallum [26] proclaimed the theory of the political business cycle [30; 25; 17] to be dominated by the emergence of the rational expectations literature [23; 24; 34]. Clearly the two theories are inconsistent when a strong view of rational expectations sees governments unable to manipulate real variables to create booms in election years. ' Since then new developments in macroeconomics have occasioned serious doubts as to whether the strong version of rational expectations is supported by the data [28; 2; 1; 31; 12]. Furthermore, new advances in the political business cycle literature [36; 4] have attempted to reconciliate the two theories by emphasizing that expectation errors may result from the presence of party-dependent policy reaction functions and uncertainty about election outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to step back and reconsider whether or not the empirical evidence presented by McCallum favoring rational expectations for the U.S. was really that strong and could be generalized to other countries (here, the U.K.). Given that the rational expectations hypothesis has been rejected at least in the strong McCallum and Sargent version [26; 34], it
Impact of a Reduced Error Range of SMBG in Insulin-treated Patients in Germany

Background: Modeling approaches demonstrate that improvement in the accuracy of blood glucose (BG) meters may lead to cost savings. An improvement of accuracy of BG meters on the basis of a reduction in error range from 20% to 5% has been reported to be associated with substantial cost savings in Germany. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze potential cost savings related to a reduction in error range from 20% to 15% and 10% of glucose meters in Germany. The health economic analysis included the number of type 1 diabetic and the number of insulin-treated patients in Germany, the costs for glucose monitoring, a model on the effects of the improvement of accuracy on the impact of severe hypoglycemic episodes, HbA1c, and subsequently myocardial infarctions and the costs of diabetes-related complications in Germany. In the model, a reduction of 1% and 3.5% reduction in severe hypoglycemic episodes, and a 0.14% and 0.28% reduction in HbA1c was included. Results: In type 1 diabetes the savings could be equal to a reduction in health care expenditures of more than €1.0 million (20% vs 15% error range) and €3.4 million (20% vs 10% error range). Respectively, potential savings of more than €6.0 million and €20.1 million were calculated for the group of insulin-treated patients. Conclusions: The model demonstrates that a reduction of error range of BG meters from 20% to 15% and 10% may translate into substantial savings for the German health care system.
Availability And The Generation Of Hypotheses In Analytical Review

In a typical highly structured study of audit decision making, the auditors (judges) are presented with a small number of cues and are required to combine the cues into a response on a predetermined numerical scale (e.g., Ashton [1974] and Joyce and Biddle [1981]). The structure of this type of task and the subjects' passive role permit their behavior to be appropriately modeled by a simple cue combination rule, as in the lens or probabilistic judgment models. However, as Einhorn [1976] suggested, a great many accounting decision tasks are ill-structured. In these situations, the judge takes a more active role, generating as well as confirming or disconfirming hypotheses, and searching for and evaluating information. Einhorn describes these kinds of accounting decision situations as diagnostic problems and suggests a general framework for their analysis. The framework portrays the diagnostician-accountant facing a company with certain unusual symptoms. In attempting to determine the reasons for the symptoms, the diagnostician typically searches for further information. According to Einhorn, the critical question is: "Where does he start looking, that is, how is his search activity directed so that it is not chaotic? " He goes on to suggest that: "Without some sort of hypothesis, search cannot be
Unbalanced Growth and the Demand for Performing Arts: An Econometric Analysis

The prevailing proposition in the economic analysis of the performing arts ever since the work of Baumol and Bowen [3; 4] has been the view that "there are fundamental reasons to expect the financial strains which beset the performing arts to increase, chronically, with the passage of time" [3, 499]. The "fundamental reasons" refer to the application of Baumol's [1] unbalanced growth model to the case of live performing arts. The argument from the unbalanced growth model is that manufacturing productivity growth increases the general level of wages and so imposes cost pressure in such labour-intensive and limited productivity-increase areas as the performing arts. This finding, say Baumol and Bowen, can hardly "be reassuring to those to whom ready availability of the arts constitutes an important objective of society" [3, 502]. But whether pessimism is justified is not at all clear. Economic prospects for the performing arts depend upon demand influences as well as cost factors, and there is no real analysis of demand in the unbalanced growth model. This omission is important because there are two highly relevant demand effects implied by the assumptions of the unbalanced growth model itself. Specifically, an increasing general wage level while putting cost pressure on the performing arts, also provides increased income from which increased arts expenditure can be made. This effect of wages on demand is neglected in the unbalanced growth model and yet it is potentially significant because this particular price change represents a change in income itself and is not just a change in the price of a consumer good which is a small part of the budget. ' At the same time the wage effect on arts demand cannot be automatically presumed large, even with pure income effects substantial and performing arts not likely to be an inferior good. This is because, following Becker [6] and Linder [12], we must recognise that the increase in wages which is at the heart of the analysis through its effect on relative costs and on income, also implies a change in the price of consumption time and hence an incentive to shift away from time-intensive consumption activities.2 Since performing arts is an activity that is relatively time-intensive in consumption and which offers only limited opportunity for
A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) for the detection of anti-double-stranded DNA IgG antibodies Reação imunoenzimática ( ELISA ) quantitativa para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-DNA de dupla hélice

Introduction: The detection of anti-double-stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies is one of the classification criteria for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective: To describe a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin class G (IgG) antibodies. Methods: The performance of ELISA was evaluated using the Crithidia luciliae indirect immunofluorescence test (CLIFT) as a reference. Anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies were screened by ELISA and CLIFT in serum samples from 127 patients with SLE, 56 patients with other diseases and 37 healthy persons. The Cochran Q test was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the reactions, with differences among the results being considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. Results: ELISA had a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 94.6%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of CLIFT were 85.8% and 100%, respectively. ELISA was significantly more sensitive than CLIFT (p = 0.0027), whereas CLIFT was significantly more specific than ELISA (p = 0.0253). Conclusion: ELISA showed excellent results in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with a potential use in research and routine diagnostics.
C1 inhibitor function using contact‐phase proteases as target: evaluation of an innovative assay

Controlling prekallikrein activation by C1 inhibitor (C1Inh) represents the most essential mechanism for angioedema patient protection. C1Inh function in the plasma is usually measured based on the residual activity of the C1s protease not involved in the pathological process. We have hereby proposed an alternative enzymatic measurement of C1Inh function based on contact‐phase activation and correlation with angioedema diagnostic requirements.
Subanesthetic Ketamine Does Not Affect 11C-Flumazenil Binding in Humans

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies suggest that propofol and inhaled anesthetics increase 11C-flumazenil binding in the living human brain, thus supporting the involvement of &ggr;-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in the mechanism of action of these drugs. Ketamine produces its anesthetic effects primarily by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism, but it may also have GABAA receptor agonistic properties. By using PET, we studied the cerebral 11C-flumazenil binding in 10 healthy subjects before and during a subanesthetic racemic ketamine infusion reaching a serum concentration of 350 ± 42 ng/mL. Ketamine did not affect 11C-flumazenil binding to GABAA receptor in the brain, indicating that this mechanism is of minor importance in the actions of subanesthetic ketamine.
A semicircular metamaterial-loaded monopole filtering antenna with high selectivity and harmonics suppression

A wideband filtering antenna with high selectivity and stopband harmonics suppression based on terminated coupled-line structures and monopole antenna is proposed in this letter. The filtering antenna possesses a flat gain response within the operational band and a good band-edge selectivity. To verify the design, a prototype operating at 3.2 GHz has been fabricated and measured. The experimental results, which are in good agreement with simulations, demonstrate that the filtering antenna exhibits excellent impedance matching, flat gain response, and high selectivity. Moreover, the design of the filtering antenna is presented and discussed in detail in this paper.
Trends in Infective Endocarditis in California and New York State, 1998-2013

Importance Prophylaxis and treatment guidelines for infective endocarditis have changed substantially over the past decade. In the United States, few population-based studies have explored the contemporary epidemiology and outcomes of endocarditis. Objective To quantify trends in the incidence and etiologies of infective endocarditis in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective population epidemiology study of patients hospitalized with a first episode of endocarditis identified from mandatory state databases in California and New York State between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013. Exposure Infective endocarditis. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were crude and standardized incidence of endocarditis and trends in patient characteristics and disease etiology. Trends in acquisition mode, organism, and mortality were analyzed. Results Among 75 829 patients with first episodes of endocarditis (mean [SD] age, 62.3 [18.9] years; 59.1% male), the standardized annual incidence was stable between 7.6 (95% CI, 7.4 to 7.9) and 7.8 (95% CI, 7.6 to 8.0) cases per 100 000 persons (annual percentage change [APC], −0.06%; 95% CI, −0.3% to 0.2%; P = .59). From 1998 through 2013, the proportion of patients with native-valve endocarditis decreased (from 74.5% to 68.4%; APC, −0.7%; 95% CI, −0.9% to −0.5%; P < .001). Prosthetic-valve endocarditis increased (from 12.0% to 13.8%; APC, 1.3%; 95% CI, 0.8% to 1.7%; P < .001), and cardiac device–related endocarditis increased (from 1.3% to 4.1%; APC, 8.8%; 95% CI, 7.8% to 9.9%; P < .001). The proportion of patients with health care–associated nosocomial endocarditis decreased (from 17.7% to 15.3%; APC, −1.0%; 95% CI, −1.4% to −0.7%; P < .001). The proportion of patients with health care–associated nonnosocomial endocarditis increased (from 32.1% to 35.9%; APC, 0.8%; 95% CI, 0.5% to 1.1%; P < .001). The incidence of oral streptococcal endocarditis did not increase (unadjusted: APC, −0.1%; 95% CI, −0.8% to 0.6%; P = .77; adjusted: APC, −1.3%; 95% CI, −1.8% to −0.7%; P < .001). Crude 90-day mortality was unchanged (from 23.9% to 24.2%; APC, −0.3%; 95% CI, −1.0% to 0.4%; P = .44); adjusted risk of 90-day mortality decreased (adjusted hazard ratio per year, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.978 to 0.986; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In California and New York State, the overall standardized incidence of infective endocarditis was stable from 1998 through 2013, with changes in patient characteristics and etiology over this time.
Comparative Analysis of MAC and HMAC-Sha3 using NS-2

Wireless Broadband offers tremendously fast and always on provide internet similar to ADSL and the user free from the fixed access areas and remove the hindrance of fixed access area for users. In order to achieve these features in formalized way was achieved for Wireless LAN and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks with the advent of IEEE802.16 standards respectively from the beginning. The information is accessible for users in various areas because of that wireless network has become the major focus area as for as security matter is concerned . In this paper, we enhance the security levels by using HMAC in WiMax.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES

This paper discusses one of the uses to which two powerful techniques of modem time series analysis may be put in economics: namely, the study of the precise effects of seasonal adjustment procedures on the characteristics of the series to which they are applied. Since most economic data appearing at intervals of less than a year are to a greater or lesser extent "manufactured" from more basic time series, the problem of assessing the effects of the "manufacturing" processes upon the essential characteristics of the raw material to which they are applied is not unimportant. Perhaps the most common type of adjustment applied to raw economic time series is that designed to eliminate so-called seasonal fluctuations. The precise nature of seasonality is not easy to define, but an attempt is made in Section 2.1 below. The techniques employed to study the effects of seasonal adjustment procedures are those of spectral and cross-spectral analysis. In somewhat oversimplified terms the basic idea behind these types of analysis is that a stochastic time series may be decomposed into an infinite number of sine and cosine waves with infinitesimal random amplitudes. Spectral analysis deals with a single time series in terms of its frequency "content"; cross-spectral analysis deals with the relation between two time series in terms of their respective frequency "contents. " The two techniques are discussed in both theoretical and practical terms. Spectral analyses have been made for about seventy-five time series of United States employment, unemployment, labor force, and various categories thereof. Cross-spectral analyses have been made of the relations between these series and the corresponding series as seasonally adjusted by the procedures used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Two major conclusions regarding the effects of the BLS seasonal adjustment procedures emerge from these analyses. First, these procedures remove far more from the series to which they are applied than can properly be considered as seasonal. Second, if the relation between two seasonally adjusted series in time is compared with the corresponding relation between the original series in time, it is found that there is a distortion due to the process of seasonal adjustment itself. Both defects impair the usefulness of the seasonally adjusted series as indicators of economic conditions, but, of the two, temporal distortion is the more serious defect. Examples of some of these
Prevalence and Severity of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: An Epidemiologic Survey and Investigation of Clinical Correlates

BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem connective tissue disorder with detrimental impact on quality of life. Patients with SSc face emotional distress and frequently meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. However, the pattern of psychiatric manifestations may vary according to socioethnic background. ObjectivesWe investigated the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and examined their association with sociodemographic and clinical factors in Iranian SSc patients. MethodsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory and Cattell questionnaire in 114 SSc patients. The associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and depressive/anxiety symptoms were examined via multivariate analysis. ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 68.4%. There was a significant association between depressive symptoms and pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations. Also, diffuse SSc patients were more prone to depressive symptoms. Mean Rodnan scores were significantly higher in patients with depressive symptoms in comparison with subjects with no depressive symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 23.6%. Anxiety symptoms were not associated with demographic characteristics, SSc subtype, disease duration, Rodnan score, other clinical features, and previous history of depression in the patients or their family. The coincidence of anxiety and depression was 82.8%. ConclusionsDepressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent among Iranian SSc population. The depressive symptoms showed correlation with pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement, as well as diffuse SSc subtype.
Reticulons as Markers of Neurological Diseases: Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Reticulons (RTNs) are a family of proteins that are primarily associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. In mammals, four genes have been identified and referred as to rtn1, 2, 3 and the neurite outgrowth inhibitor rtn4/nogo. These genes generate multiple isoforms that contain a common C-terminal reticulon homology domain of 150–200 amino-acid residues. The N-terminal regions of RTNs are highly variable, and result from alternative splicing or differential promoter usage. Although widely distributed, the functions of RTNs are still poorly understood. Much interest has been focused on rtn4/nogo because of its activity as a potent inhibitor of axonal growth and repair. In the present study, we update recent knowledge on mammalian RTNs paying special attention to the involvement of these proteins as markers of neurological diseases. We also present recent data concerning RTN expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal degenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons, and muscle atrophy. The rearrangement of RTN expression is regulated not only in suffering skeletal muscle but also preceding the onset of symptoms, and may relate to the disease process.
A 3.1mW/Gbps 30Gbps quarter-rate triple-speculation 15-tap SC-DFE RX data path in 32nm CMOS

This paper describes a low-power implementation of a receiver data path, consisting of the RX termination with ESD, continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), and a 15-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) running at quarter rate. While the first 3 DFE taps are implemented by speculation, the latter 12 taps use a switched-cap (SC-DFE) approach. The circuit was produced in 32nm SOI-CMOS, and was measured to receive 30Gb/s PRBS31 data at <;10-12 BER over a 36dB loss channel with an energy efficiency of 3.1mW/Gbps.