Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content Based Video Retrieval Using Low and High Level Semantic Gap

Content-based retrieval allows finding information by searching its content rather than its attributes. The challenge facing contentbased video retrieval (CBVR) is to design systems that can accurately and automatically process large amounts of heterogeneous videos. Moreover, content-based video retrieval system requires in its first stage to segment the video stream into separate shots. Afterwards features are extracted for video shots representation. And finally, choose a similarity/distance metric and an algorithm that is efficient enough to retrieve query – related videos results. There are two main issues in this process; the first is how to determine the best way for video segmentation and key frame selection. The second is the features used for video representation. Various features can be extracted for this sake including either low or high level features. A key issue is how to bridge the gap between low and high level feature. The finally calculated the semantic difference between the low and high level features precision and recall rates of similarity measures.
Repeated administration of mazindol reduces spontaneous pain-related behaviors without modifying bone density and microarchitecture in a mouse model of complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced knee arthritis

Background The role of dopaminergic system in the development of rheumatoid arthritis-related pain, a major symptom in this disease, has not been explored. Therefore, the anti-nociceptive effect of mazindol, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, was evaluated in a model of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Furthermore, as studies have shown that the dopaminergic system regulates bone metabolism, the effect of mazindol on bone mass and microarchitecture was determined. Methods Adult ICR male mice received intra-articular injections of either CFA or saline into the right knee joint every week. Spontaneous pain-like behaviors (flinching and guarding) and locomotor activity were assessed at day 26 post-first CFA, following which, a single intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered dose of mazindol was given (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg). Then, the antinociceptive effect of a repeated administration of 3 mg/kg mazindol (daily, i.p.; day 15–day 26) was evaluated. Additionally, at day 26, the participation of D1-like, D2-like or opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect of mazindol was evaluated. The effect of mazindol on bone density and microarchitecture was evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Results Acute administration of mazindol decreased the spontaneous pain-like behaviors in a dose-dependent manner without reducing the knee edema. However, mazindol at 10 mg/kg significantly increased the locomotor activity; therefore, 3 mg/kg mazindol was used for further studies. Repeated administration of 3 mg/kg mazindol significantly decreased the pain-like behaviors without modifying locomotor activity. The antinociceptive effect of mazindol was blocked by administration of a D2-like receptor antagonist (haloperidol), but not by administration of D1-like receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) or an opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone). Repeated administration of mazindol did not significantly modify the density and microarchitecture of periarticular bone of the arthritic and nonarthritic knee joints. Conclusion Results suggest that mazindol via D2-like receptors has an antinociceptive role in mice with CFA-induced knee arthritis without modifying the bone health negatively.
The Influence of Spouse Ability to Provide Informal Care on Long-Term Care Use

Objective: Informal care substitutes for or postpones formal long-term care (LTC) use, especially in the Netherlands, where informal care supply affects eligibility for public LTC. The effect of potential informal care supply within the household has received less attention. We examine the role of spouse’s physical ability to provide informal care in explaining LTC use and transitions.Method: We used Dutch respondents from waves 1 and 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. A mixed multinomial logit regression is used to model the choice between no LTC use, informal LTC use only, and formal LTC use. Transitions into formal care use are modeled with a logit regression.Results: Spouse ability affects LTC use but living alone remains important after controlling for spouse ability. Other important determinants of use are having a child , age, disability and health status. Transitions are explained by informal care supply and changes therein, health and disability and the respondent’s age. Discussion: Spouse ability to provide informal care reduces use of formal LTC, which implies that future compression of morbidity/disability and its impact would lower demand for LTC, directly and through increased spouse ability to provide informal care.
Detection of Opportunistic Infections by Low-density Microarrays: A Diagnostic Approach for Granulomatous Lymphadenitis

In molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases often more than 1 pathogen has to be considered. As a consequence, a series of labor-intensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches specific for different putative pathogens have to be carried out. To speed up diagnosis, we established a low-density microarray for simultaneous detection of diverse putative pathogens causing a disease such as granulomatous lymphadenitis. Nucleic acids from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 68 patients with lymphadenitis were used for molecular diagnosis of individual pathogens by either nested single-assay PCR or 1-step multiplex PCR in combination with low-densitiy microarray hybridization. Multiplex PCR amplicons hybridized to glass slides containing probes from Mycobacterium spp. , Yersinia spp. , Bartonella henselea, Toxoplasma gondii, and other pathogens showed specific and reproducible signals on the array. Our results show that microarray technology combined with multiplex PCR is a promising and time-saving tool in molecular pathology of infectious diseases, allowing sensitive, simultaneous analyses of different pathogens.
Evolving Philosophies on Autonomous Obstacle/Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Much of the benefits of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles can be derived from autonomous missions. For such missions, however, sense-and-avoid capability (i.e., the ability to detect potential collisions and avoid them) is a critical requirement. Collision avoidance can be broadly classified into global and local path-planning algorithms, both of which need to be addressed in a successful mission. Whereas global path planning (which is mainly done offline) broadly lays out a path that reaches the goal point, local collision-avoidance algorithms, which are usually fast, reactive, and carried out online, ensure safety of the vehicle from unexpected and unforeseen obstacles/collisions. Even though many techniques for both global and local collision avoidance have been proposed in the recent literature, there is a great interest around the globe to solve this important problem comprehensively and efficiently and such techniques are still evolving. This paper presents a brief overview of a few promising and evolving ideas on collision avoidance for unmanned aerial vehicles, with a preferential bias toward local collision avoidance.
Integrated Approach to PBT and POP Prioritization and Risk Assessment

Abstract This article summarizes discussions at the SETAC Pellston Workshop on “Science-Based Guidance and Framework for the Evaluation and Identification of PBTs and POPs” and provides an overview of other articles from that workshop that are also published in this issue. Identification of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and evaluation of their impact are more complicated than those for other chemicals and remain a challenge. The main reason for this is that PBT substance and POP assessment is associated with higher uncertainty and generally requires more data. However, for some data-rich PBTs and POPs, that identification and assessment of impact are feasible has been clearly demonstrated. New scientific developments and techniques are able to significantly increase the certainty of the various elements of PBT and POP assessment, and the current scientific literature provides many successful and illustrative examples that can be used as methodologies to build on. Applying multiple approaches for assessment is advisable, because it will reduce uncertainty and may increase confidence and improve the quality of decision-making.
A review of the physiological and histological effects of laser osteotomy

Abstract Osteotomy is the surgical cutting of bone. Some obstacles to laser osteotomy have been melting, carbonisation and subsequent delayed healing. New cooled scanning techniques have resulted in effective bone cuts without the strong thermal side effects, which were observed by inappropriate irradiation techniques with continuous wave and long pulsed lasers. With these new techniques, osteotomy gaps histologically healed with new bone formation without any noticeable or minimum thermal damage. No significant cellular differences in bone healing between laser and mechanical osteotomies were noticed. Some studies even suggest that the healing rate may be enhanced following laser osteotomy compared to conventional mechanical osteotomy. Additional research is necessary to evaluate different laser types with appropriate laser setting variables to increase ablation rates, with control of depth, change in bone type and damage to adjacent soft tissue. Laser osteotomy has the potential to become incorporated into the armamentarium of bone surgery.
Design of grid-connected photovoltaic system using soft cut-in control

The paper describes a grid-connected photovoltaic system, which uses the SPWM technology to invert the solar battery voltage to the grid voltage. The system adopts the Boost circuit based on the MPPT to boost the photovoltaic arrays output voltage to the 350V DC voltage, while using MPPT control to maximize the output power of photovoltaic arrays. The system uses the control strategy of the triangle wave comparison to achieve DC/AC inverter. In order to reduce impact on the grid in the process of the cut-in grid, the system adopts the soft cut-in control, that is, after the system detects the normal frequency of the power grid, the controller generates the increasing-amplitude reference sinusoidal current for output current closed-loop control. Using the feed-forward of the grid voltage, the system can eliminate the effect to output current from the gird voltage. In the paper, the simulation result proves the validity of soft cutin control, and the system hardware and software design based on soft cut-in control will be introduced.
Attention influence response in the human visual area V1 for Ebbinghaus illusion

Early visual areas encode visual information in retinotopic coordinates, signaling retinotopic size and orientation properties. One of the most fundamental properties of human primary visual cortex (V1) is its retinotopic organization, whichmakes it an ideal candidate for encoding spatial properties, such as size, of objects. However, Ebbinghaus contextual information can lead to size illusions that are reflected in the spatial pattern of activity in V1. Here we used fMRI to measure BOLD response to a variant of the Ebbinghaus illusion to test where visual information processing starts to encode relative, opposed to retinotopic, sizes. The stimulus consisted of a white test disk on a black background display whose fixation attention, central attention or illusion than the test disk. We chose this same kind of the Ebbinghaus illusion to measure BOLD response differences due to changes in the attention. Psychophysical comparison with the traditional Ebbinghaus illusion showed that the strength of the illusion in our variant was comparable. Comparison of BOLD response across conditions (lager inducers vs. small inducers) revealed illusion related activity in the intraoccipital sulcus (IOS), the middle temporal gyrus and the temporal pole. The IOS and the posterior middle temporal activation may relate to attention position that the Ebbinghaus illusion is related to textural attention. The temporal pole activation may relate to categorical object processing. Our result is consistent with the notion that the Ebbinghaus illusion results from attention influence. This effect was significantly reduced when the focus of spatial attention was narrowed with a demanding fixation and central attention task. We reason that focusing attention on the fixation task resulted in reduced activity in. and therefore reduced feedback from higher visual areas that process the Ebbinghaus illusion.
ERK7 Expression and Kinase Activity Is Regulated by the Ubiquitin-Proteosome Pathway*

ERK7 is a unique member of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily of MAP kinases. Although ERK7 shares a TEY motif in the activation loop of the kinase, it displays constitutive activation, nuclear localization, and growth inhibitory properties that are regulated by its C-terminal domain. Because ERK7 is expressed at low levels compared with ERK2 and its activity is dependent upon its expression level, we investigated the mechanism by which ERK7 expression is regulated. We now show that ERK7 expression is regulated by ubiquitination and rapid proteosomal turnover. Furthermore, both the kinase domain and the C-terminal tail are independently degraded at a rate comparable with that of the intact protein. Analysis of a series of chimeras between ERK2 and ERK7 reveal that the N-terminal 20 amino acids of the kinase domain are a primary determinant of ERK7 degradation. Fusion of the N-terminal 20 amino acids is both necessary and sufficient to cause proteolytic degradation of both ERK2 and green fluorescent protein. Finally, ERK7 is stabilized by an N-terminal mutant of Cullin-1 suggesting that ERK7 is ubiquitinated by the Skip1-Cullin-F box complex. These results indicate that ERK7 is a highly regulated enzyme whose cellular expression and kinase activation level is tightly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway.
Three-Dimensional Electrostatics- and Atomistic Doping-Induced Variability of RTN Time Constants in Nanoscale MOS Devices—Part I: Physical Investigation

This paper presents a detailed simulation analysis of the impact of 3-D electrostatics and atomistic doping on the variability of the random telegraph noise (RTN) time constants in nanoscale MOS devices. Results on a template decananometer Flash cell show that both the effects contribute to a large statistical dispersion of the capture/emission time constants of oxide traps placed at the same distance from the silicon surface, mainly due to nonuniform channel inversion. The statistical dispersion has an orders-of-magnitude increase when moving from the on-state to the subthreshold cell regimes and has major implications on the spectroscopic investigation of RTN traps, as will be discussed in Part II of this work.
Development of high-performance stent: gelatinous photogel-coated stent that permits drug delivery and gene transfer.

Hydrogel-coated metallic stents may provide supplementary functions such as local drug delivery and gene transfer in addition to mechanical dilation function. To this end, we used a photoreactive material consisting of gelatin macromer (multiple styrene-derivatized gelatin) and carboxylated camphorquinone (photo-initiator). A few minutes of visible light irradiation of a stent after dip-coating of an aqueous solution of the photoreactive material resulted in the formation of a homogeneously crosslinked gelatinous layer on the entire exterior surface of the stent. As the metal stent, gold stents under development were used. Rhodamine-conjugated albumin as a model drug or adenoviral vector expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ) as a model gene were photo-immobilized in the gelatinous gel layer. In vitro experiments using hybrid tubular tissue, which is a self-shrinkaged, vascular smooth muscle cell-incorporated type-I collagen gel, as a vascular model, showed that the immobilized dye-derivatized albumin was released on and permeated into tissues, as observed by confocal laser microscopy, and that the cells transfected with immobilized AdLacZ produced beta-galactosidase up to almost 3 weeks, as observed by x-gal staining. In preliminary in vivo experiments these drug- or adenovirus-immobilized stents were implanted in rabbit common carotid arteries. Within 3 weeks of implantation, drug permeation and gene expression in the vascular tissues were observed, indicating that the gelatinous photogel effectively serves as a matrix or coating for a bioactive stent,which permits drug release as well as gene transfer. This intraluminal approach has the potential to realize drug and gene therapy in atherosclerotic plaque.
Downregulation of solute carriers of glutamate in gliosomes and synaptosomes may explain local brain metastasis in anaplastic glioblastoma

Advanced grades of glioblastoma are highly aggressive, especially in terms of multisite spread within the brain or even to distant sites at the spinal cord. In advanced grades of glioblastoma, glutamate and glutamine are reported to be increased in concentration in the extracellular fluid. It has been reported that glutamate acts as an extracellular signaling molecule for facilitating local spread of advanced grades of glioblastoma. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether glutamate uptake mechanisms is impaired in advanced glioblastoma. The possible downregulated mechanisms of glutamate uptake would facilitate persistence of glutamate in the extracellular environment, rather than intracellular uptake. We obtained biobanked human specimens of glioblastoma and tested expression of proteins belonging to the solute carrier families of proteins that are known to function as membrane‐located excitatory amino acid like glutamate transporters. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the downregulation of membrane expression of excitatory amino acid transporters solute carrier family 1 member 3 (SLC1A3) and its palmitoylated form in gliosomes, as well as SLC1A2 in the glio‐synaptosomes. Compounds like riluzole used in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the antibiotic ceftriaxone have the potential to facilitate glutamate uptake. These medications may be examined as adjunct chemotherapy in the massively aggressive tumor glioblastoma multiforme. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):306–311, 2015
Retention and relapse in clinical practice

Maintaining teeth in their corrected positions following orthodontic treatment can be extremely challenging. Teeth have a tendency to move back towards the original malocclusion as a result of periodontal, gingival, occlusal and growth related factors. However, tooth movement can also occur as a result of normal age changes. Because orthodontics is unable to predict which patients are at risk of relapse, those which will remain stable and the extent of relapse that will occur in the long-term, clinicians need to treat all patients as if they have a high potential to relapse. To reduce this risk, long term retention is advocated. This can be a significant commitment for patients, and so retention and the potential for relapse must form a key part of the informed consent process prior to orthodontic treatment. It is vital that patients are made fully aware of their responsibilities in committing to wear retainers as prescribed in order to reduce the chance of relapse. If patients are unable or unwilling to comply as prescribed, they must be prepared to accept that there will be tooth positional changes following treatment. There is currently insufficient high quality evidence regarding the best type of retention or retention regimen, and so each clinician's approach will be affected by their personal, clinical experience and expertise, and guided by their patients' expectations and circumstances.
SST-1 Status and Plans

The Steady State Superconducting Tokamak (SST-1) is currently being refurbished in a mission mode at the Institute for Plasma Research with an ultimate objective of producing the first plasma in early 2012. Since January 2009, under the SST-1 Mission mandate, a broad spectrum of refurbishment activities have been initiated and pursued on several subsystems of SST-1. Developing sub-nano-ohm leak-tight joints in the magnet winding packs, developing single-phased LN2-cooled thermal shields, developing supercritical-helium-cooled 5-K thermal shields for magnet cases, ensuring thermal and electrical isolations between various subsystems of SST-1, testing of each of the SST-1 toroidal field (TF) magnets at 4.5 K with nominal currents, testing each of the modules and octants of the SST-1 machine shell in representative experimentally simulated scenarios, augmentation and reliability establishment of the SST-1 vacuum vessel baking system, time synchronizations among various heterogeneous subsystems of SST-1, large data-storage scenarios, and integrated engineering testing of the first phase of the plasma diagnostics are some of the major refurbishment activities. Presently, the SST-1 device integration is in full swing. The cold test of the assembled SST-1 TF and poloidal field magnets began in December 2011. Following the successful testing of the SST-1 superconducting magnet system and engineering validations of the machine shell, the first plasmas will be attempted in SST-1. The first plasma will be ~ 100-kA limiter assisted with the available volt-seconds and could possibly be assisted by ECCD/LHCD.
Differences in Ca2+ buffering properties between excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons from the rat

1 Endogenous calcium binding ratios (κS) in dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons were estimated according to the single compartment model for transients in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]). In addition, the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons were classified by their autaptic currents and intrinsic firing patterns. These data were analysed in order to determine whether a correlation between Ca2+ buffers and electrophysiological type exists. 2 Ca2+ binding ratios of endogenous buffers were estimated by eliciting [Ca2+] transients with short depolarizations, while cells were loaded with fura‐2. Two types of estimates could be obtained: one termed κS(τ), based on analysing time constants (τ) of [Ca2+] transients, and another termed κS(dCa), derived from an analysis of initial amplitudes of [Ca2+] transients. 3 Values for κS(τ) and κS(dCa) were estimated as 57 ± 10 (mean ±s.d., n= 10) and 60 ± 14 (n= 10), respectively, in excitatory neurons, and 130 ± 50 (n= 11) and 150 ± 70 (n= 11), respectively, in inhibitory neurons. The κS values of excitatory and inhibitory cells were significantly different from each other, regardless of the measurement method (Student's t test, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in κS between the groups classified according to firing patterns. 4 Although κS(τ) values were well matched to those of κS(dCa) in most excitatory cells, the two values did not agree in three out of the fourteen inhibitory cells investigated. In these cells, the first few [Ca2+] transients after obtaining the whole cell configuration displayed a double exponential decay, suggesting that buffers with slow binding kinetics, such as parvalbumin, are involved. This hypothesis is further explored in an accompanying paper.