Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning of biologically inspired behaviors for autonomous robots by a navigational network

Many animals can navigate by means of Path Integration (PI), in which an animal keeps a continuously updated record of its current direction and distance from some reference point as it moves away from that place. Equipped with such knowledge, a navigational network learned how to maintain a vector pointing to the home base, with a precision that depends on the number of neurons used to encode the vector. As PI systems are prone to cumulative navigational errors, the robot must perform a systematic search for the home base once it has reset its path integration system and yet not arrived at the home base.
The Impact of Re-tear on the Clinical Outcome after Rotator Cuff Repair Using Open or Arthroscopic Techniques – A Systematic Review

Background: It is generally accepted that rotator cuff repair gives satisfactory results in the long term, although most studies have so far shown a fairly high rate of structural failure or re-tear. The purpose of this review study is to assess whether failure of the repaired cuff to heal could negatively affect the functional outcome. Methods: This article includes an extensive Internet PubMed based research in the current English-language literature including level I to level V studies as well as systematic reviews. Results: According to this extended study research, the results are mixed; certain reports show that patients with a healed rotator cuff repair have improved function and strength compared to those with structural failure, whereas other studies support the generally perceived concept that tendon re-tear does not lead to inferior clinical outcome. Conclusion: Further high-level prospective studies with larger numbers of patients and longer follow up are needed to overcome the current debate over function between healed and failed rotator cuff repairs.
Specificity of Human Parietal Saccade and Reach Regions during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Single-unit recordings in macaque monkeys have identified effector-specific regions in posterior parietal cortex (PPC), but functional neuroimaging in the human has yielded controversial results. Here we used on-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to determine saccade and reach specificity in human PPC. A short train of three TMS pulses (separated by an interval of 100 ms) was delivered to superior parieto-occipital cortex (SPOC), a region over the midposterior intraparietal sulcus (mIPS), and a site close to caudal IPS situated over the angular gyrus (AG) during a brief memory interval while subjects planned either a saccade or reach with the left or right hand. Behavioral measures then were compared to controls without rTMS. Stimulation of mIPS and AG produced similar patterns: increased end-point variability for reaches and decreased saccade accuracy for contralateral targets. In contrast, stimulation of SPOC deviated reach end points toward visual fixation and had no effect on saccades. Contralateral-limb specificity was highest for AG and lowest for SPOC. Visual feedback of the hand negated rTMS-induced disruptions of the reach plan for mIPS and AG, but not SPOC. These results suggest that human SPOC is specialized for encoding retinally peripheral reach goals, whereas more anterior-lateral regions (mIPS and AG) along the IPS possess overlapping maps for saccade and reach planning and are more closely involved in motor details (i.e., planning the reach vector for a specific hand). This work provides the first causal evidence for functional specificity of these parietal regions in healthy humans.
Primality testing and integer factorisation

The problem of finding the prime factors of large composite numbers has always been of mathematical interest. With the advent of public key cryptosystems it is also of practical importance, because the security of some of these cryptosystems, such as the Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) system, depends on the difficulty of factoring the public keys. In recent years the best known integer factorisation algorithms have improved greatly, to the point where it is now easy to factor a 60-decimal digit number, and possible to factor numbers larger than 120 decimal digits, given the availability of enough computing power. We describe several recent algorithms for primality testing and factorisation, give examples of their use and outline some applications.
Effect of Pharmacological Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Motor Coordination: Open Label Study

운동뿐만 아니라 글씨쓰기와 같은 소근육 운동도 정상아동 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Effect of Pharmacological Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Motor Coordination: Open Label Study
Does responsive pricing smooth demand shocks?

Using data from a unique pricing experiment, we investigate Vickrey's conjecture that responsive pricing can be used to smooth both predictable and unpredictable demand shocks. Our evidence shows that increasing the responsiveness of price to demand conditions reduces the magnitude of deviations in capacity utilization rates from a pre-determined target level. A 10% increase in price variability leads to a decrease in the variability of capacity utilization rates between 2% and 6%. We discuss implications for the use of demand-side incentives to deal with congestible resources.
Interactive Facial-Geometric-Feature Animation for Generating Expressions of Novel Faces

This paper introduces an interactive expression editing system that allows users to design facial expressions easily. Currently, popular example-based methods construct face models based on the examples of target face. The shortcoming of these methods is that they cannot create expressions for novel faces: target faces not previously recorded in the database. We propose a solution to overcome this limitation. We present an interactive facial-geometric-feature animation system for generating expressions of novel faces. Our system is easy to use. By click-dragging control points on the target face, on the computer screen display, unique expressions are generated automatically. To guarantee natural animation results, our animation model employs prior knowledge based on various individuals' expressions. One model prior is learned from motion vector fields to guarantee effective facial motions. Another, different, model prior is learned from facial shape space to ensure the result has a real facial shape. Interactive animation problem is formulated in a maximum a posterior (MAP) framework to search for optimal results by combining the priors with user-defined constraints. We give an extension of the Motion Propagation (MP) algorithm to infer facial motions for novel target faces from a subset of the control points. Experimental results on different facial animations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, one application of our system is exhibited in this paper, where users create expressions for facial sketches interactively.
Real-Time Activity Recognition in Wireless Body Sensor Networks: From Simple Gestures to Complex Activities

Real-time activity recognition using body sensor networks is an important and challenging task and it has many potential applications. In this paper, we propose a real time, hierarchical model to recognize both simple gestures and complex activities using a wireless body sensor network. In this model, we first use a fast, lightweight template matching algorithm to detect gestures at the sensor node level, and then use a discriminative pattern based real-time algorithm to recognize high-level activities at the portable device level. We evaluate our algorithms over a real-world dataset. The results show that the proposed system not only achieves good performance (an average precision of 94.9%, an average recall of 82.5%, and an average real-time delay of 5.7 seconds), but also significantly reduces the network communication cost by 60.2%.
A Qualitative Exploration of Thriving in Elite Sport

Athletes are often described as thriving in sport; however, extant research on this construct in sport has been divergent. This study aimed to provide the first dedicated exploration of thriving in elite sport performers by considering its characteristics, outcomes, and facilitators. Semistructured interviews (n = 15) were conducted with athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners and were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Thriving was perceived to comprise a sustained high-level of performance and dimensions of well-being. Furthermore, predominantly positive outcomes of thriving were described, and participants identified a network of personal and contextual enablers that could facilitate thriving.
BATMAN store-and-forward: The best of the two worlds

The need for communication is highest in disaster scenarios when the infrastructure is also adversely affected. A recent protocol for ad hoc communication, the BATMAN protocol, is dependent on minimal infrastructure, in the form of mesh nodes that are used as access points, or nodes acting as an intermediary in a multi-hop connection. While BATMAN works well in a scenario in which there is a multihop path from senders to receivers at all times, it will drop the packets in intermittently-connected networks. Moreover, although implementation on a device is essential as a proof of concept, performing large scale evaluations requires a simulation platform in which variations in the operating environment can be studied. This paper is about adding the store-and-forward mechanism to the routing component in BATMAN nodes, to overcome intermittent connectivity through mobility. We describe an extension of the protocol, SF-BATMAN, that has been implemented in an interoperable manner with BATMAN, i.e. with no added signaling, and no change of basic BATMAN settings. We have implemented SF-BATMAN in a packet level simulator (NS3), and demonstrated its performance in a scenario that consists of two regions of connectivity: a well-connected mesh network and a set of sparser subnetworks. We show that the added capability enhances the performance of BATMAN, through an increase of the delivery ratio by 20% with a lower overhead, while it exhibits a similar latency in comparable network scenarios.
Classification with invariant scattering representations

A scattering transform defines a signal representation which is invariant to translations and Lipschitz continuous relatively to deformations. It is implemented with a non-linear convolution network that iterates over wavelet and modulus operators. Lipschitz continuity locally linearizes deformations. Complex classes of signals and textures can be modeled with low-dimensional affine spaces, computed with a PCA in the scattering domain. Classification is performed with a penalized model selection. State of the art results are obtained for handwritten digit recognition over small training sets, and for texture classification. 1
EXECUTIVE PAY AND SUCCESSION IN JAPAN : DIVERGENT EFFECTS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC OWNERSHIP

We study the effect of ownership structure on executive pay and succession in Japanese corporations. We find differences in the effects of domestic and foreign ownership that are based on the nature of owners' relationships with mana gers. Foreign ownership reduces executive pay and enhances the likelihood of executive succession when firms underperform. Domestic ownership has no effect. Our results suggest that foreign owners exercise governance according to an agency theory logic of favoring explicit controls, while domestic owners do not favor explicit controls in keeping with a stewardship theory logic of empowerment. 3 Corporate governance is defined as " the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investments " (Shleifer & Vishny, 1997: 737). Two diametrically opposed governance models have been used in strategy research to describe the relationship between owners and managers: agency theory (Jensen & Meckling, 1976) and stewardship theory (Davis, Schoorman, & Donaldson, 1997). Agency theory's key assumptions are that managers pursue their self-interest when their goals diverge from those of owners and that explicit control structures are needed to curb potential managerial opportunism. In stewardship theory, in contrast, goal alignment and trust between owners and managers is assumed, and empowerment-not controls-are the means to motivate managers to subordinate narrow self-interest and take decisions that are in the best interests of shareholders. Agency and stewardship logics represent two alternate approaches whereby owners attempt to ensure appropriate returns on investment. Prior research suggests that relationships between managers and shareholders in Japanese corporations are structured by a stewardship theory logic of cooperative goal alignment (Davis et al., 1997; Lee & O'Neill, 2003). Japanese national culture favors a collectivist orientation wherein personal goals are subordinated to collective goals (Davis et al., 1997). This orientation reduces potential goal incongruity and facilitates the trust necessary for fostering a stewardship relationship. The stewardship logic, however, is likely the case only for domestic owners such as other Japanese companies and financial institutions. Domestic owners typically have ties with a firm arising from supply, financial, keiretsu, or cross-ownership links that facilitate the trust necessary for stewardship-based governance (Gerlach, 1992). Foreign owners, such as individuals, corporations, and financial institutions from outside of Japan, lack the long-term cooperative relationships and trust enjoyed by domestic owners. As market investors, foreign 4 owners are likely to adopt an agency theory logic that emphasizes the divergent goals of self-interested managers …
Fixes: Of the Forward Discount Puzzle

Regressions of ex post changes in floating exchange rates on appropriate interest differentials typically imply that the high-interest rate currency tends to appreciate, the 'forward discount puzzle. ' Using data from the European Monetary System (EMS), the authors find that a large part of the forward discount puzzle vanishes for regimes of fixed exchange rates. That is, deviations from uncovered interest parity appear to vary in a way that is dependent upon the exchange rate regime. By using the many EMS realignments, the authors are also able to quantify the 'peso problem. ' Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.
Narrative Construction of Morality in Adolescence Among Typically Developing and Violence-Exposed Youth

In this article, we explore two different perspectives on what narratives reveal about differences in moral agency construction across contexts. We focus on contexts that vary in violence exposure because such exposure has implications for the way youth develop a sense of moral agency. We elicited narratives about harm-doing from three samples of youth: a North American typical sample, a North American juvenile delinquent sample, and a sample of Colombian displaced youth. The latter two samples have in common a history of significant exposure to violence. Our results show reductions in psychological content (e.g., references to emotions, thoughts, and desires) and increases in reciprocity and vengeful themes among violence-exposed youth, particularly in the context of narrating their own harmful actions. We consider the meaning of these differences from two different perspectives about the meaning of narratives.
DroidMalHunter: A novel entropy-based anomaly detection system to detect malicious Android applications

Along with the significant increase in the popularity of Android mobile devices, the number of malicious applications running on them has also increased dramatically in the recent past. In this paper, we propose DroidMalHunter, a novel entropy-based anomaly detection system to detect meaningful deviations in the network behavior of Android applications. Our system is based on the observation that there is often low complexity in the traffic patterns of malicious applications, resulting in a high regularity in their observed network behavior that can be quantified by entropy measures. Exploiting this observation, we investigate the use of two popular entropy measures, namely sample entropy and modified sample entropy, in detecting malicious Android applications. The results of our experiments conducted on a real dataset of benign and malicious Android applications show that DroidMalHunter can achieve a high detection rate and an acceptable false alarm rate.
PIXEL -ORIENT ED TECHNIQUE: A TECHNIQUE TO VISUALIZE MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA

In the world of knowledge, the amount of data is rising day by day. To explore this huge data various data mining techniques are available, but the result of these techniques is not easily understandable. To simplify the result, different type of visualiza tion technique are available i.e. pixel -oriented, parallel coordinate, stick figure , scatterplot matrics, dimensional stacking and star glyph technique to visualize multidimensional data. Pixel -oriented technique is one of them. Flat and hierarchical pixe l-oriented technique widely used, is described here. The XmdvTool is open source software used for the visualization of dataset using pixel -oriented technique.
Impact of Including Korean Randomized Controlled Trials in Cochrane Reviews of Acupuncture

Objective Acupuncture is commonly practiced in Korea and is regularly evaluated in clinical trials. Although many Cochrane reviews of acupuncture include searches of both English and Chinese databases, there is no information on the value of searching Korean databases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of searching Korean databasesand journals for trials eligible for inclusion in existing Cochrane acupuncture reviews. Methods We searched 12 Korean databases and seven Korean journals to identify randomised trials meeting the inclusion criteria for acupuncture reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We compared risk of bias assessments of the Korean trials with the trials included in the Cochrane acupuncture reviews. Where possible, we added data from the Korean trials to the existing meta-analyses in the relevant Cochrane review and conducted sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results. Results Sixteen Korean trials (742 participants) met the inclusion criteria for eight Cochrane acupuncture reviews (125 trials; 13,041 participants). Inclusion of the Korean trials provided data for 20% of existing meta-analyses (24 out of 120). Inclusion of the Korean trials did not change the direction of effect in any of the existing meta-analyses. The effect size and heterogeneity remained mostly unchanged. In only one meta-analysis did the significance change. Compared to the studies included in the Cochrane acupuncture reviews, the risk of bias in the Korean trials was higher in terms of outcome assessor blinding and allocation concealment. Conclusions Many Korean studies contributed additional data to the existing meta-analyses in Cochrane acupuncture reviews. Although inclusion of these studies did not alter the results of the meta-analyses, comprehensive searches of the literature are important to avoid potential language bias. The identification and inclusion of eligible Korean trials should be considered for reviews of acupuncture.
An Exploration of the Experience of Open Awareness Co-Meditation at the Beginning of Therapy Sessions

Mindfulness and meditation have been seen as beneficial for mental health and mindfulness-based therapies have proliferated alongside an increase in popular interest in mindfulness (Germer, Siegel, & Fulton, 2013). However, many therapists are unaware of how to add mindfulness-based interventions. It may seem especially ambiguous for therapists and clients unfamiliar with the concept. In this dissertation, the history and current research on mindfulnessbased psychotherapy, and its benefits and contraindications, are reviewed, and the researcher’s relationship to the topic is explained. It is identified that one way to add mindfulness to psychotherapy is for the therapist and the client to co-meditate in the beginning of therapy sessions. There are anecdotal reports of this being done (Gilligan, 2012; Kornfield, conference presentation, 2013) but there is no published research on this specific practice. A phenomenological qualitative study to explore the lived experience of therapists co-meditating with their clients in the beginning of sessions was designed and carried out. Five therapists played a five-minute guided meditation audio instruction, and co-meditated with up to four of their clients in up to four sessions. At the end of each session, the therapists recorded their experiences and feedback from clients. The therapists were interviewed about their experience at the end of the study. Questions included whether this is a beneficial practice, did it help with connection and rapport, did their clients benefit, is this a doable therapeutic intervention, and would they recommend it to others. All participating therapists found it beneficial for clients, some found it beneficial for themselves. Some clients favored the activity and reported plans to incorporate meditation and mindfulness in their lives. Some decided to do informal practices, and some reported it is not for them. The therapists said they would recommend the intervention for their trainees and found it to be feasible and accessible. They reported several benefits and some problems with the practice. The findings from the interviews and feedback forms were analyzed and coded for individual and collective themes. The implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions, therapist training, and trauma work were discussed, and related future research directions were suggested.
A complete classification of Constraint Languages generated by binary entropic minimal clones

While finishing this paper I found the paper [9] which proves that a binary operation that is generates a minimal clone is NP-complete is the operation is non-commutative and is polynomial if the operation is equivalent to a commutative operation that generates the clone. From this result all results in this paper can be (even more) trivially proved. This paper might be of interest to some readers as an introduction to the theory of the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems.
Adaptive Algorithms for Coverage Control and Space Partitioning in Mobile Robotic Networks

This paper considers deployment problems where a mobile robotic network must optimize its configuration in a distributed way in order to minimize a steady-state cost function that depends on the spatial distribution of certain probabilistic events of interest. Moreover, it is assumed that the event location distribution is a priori unknown, and can only be progressively inferred from the observation of the actual event occurrences. Three classes of problems are discussed in detail: coverage control problems, spatial partitioning problems, and dynamic vehicle routing problems. In each case, distributed stochastic gradient algorithms optimizing the performance objective are presented. The stochastic gradient view simplifies and generalizes previously proposed solutions, and is applicable to new complex scenarios, such as adaptive coverage involving heterogeneous agents. Remarkably, these algorithms often take the form of simple distributed rules that could be implemented on resource-limited platforms.