Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Should parents be present during emergency department procedures on children, and who should make that decision? A survey of emergency physician and nurse attitudes.

OBJECTIVE To survey physician and nurse attitudes regarding parental presence during painful procedures on children performed in the emergency department (ED) and who should make that decision. METHODS The design was an anonymous written survey consisting of six clinical scenarios distributed to all staff and resident physicians and nurses in ten EDs at institutions in the United States routinely caring for children. Participants were asked whether parents should remain with children undergoing intravenous (IV) placement, laceration repair, lumbar puncture, conscious sedation, major resuscitation, and major resuscitation with death. They also were asked who should make the decision. RESULTS The percentage of physicians who responded that parents should be present was 91.3% for peripheral IV start, 93.3% for laceration repair, 65.7% for lumbar puncture, 83.1% for conscious sedation, 31.9% for major resuscitation, and 35.6% for major resuscitation where death was likely. The percentage of nurses who responded that parents should be present was 86.8% for peripheral IV start, 89.6% for laceration repair, 55.0% for lumbar puncture, 74.9% for conscious sedation, 41.4% for major resuscitation, and 54.3% for major resuscitation where death was likely. In 64.8% of the completed surveys, the physicians indicated that they alone or in conjunction with a parent should make the decision. In 61.5% of the completed surveys, the nurses indicated that they should be involved in the decision. CONCLUSIONS A majority of emergency physicians and nurses indicated parents should be present for some invasive pediatric procedures. However, as the invasiveness of the pediatric procedures increased, fewer physicians and nurses believed that parents should be present.
Positive Performance States of Athletes: Toward a Conceptual Understanding of Peak Performance

This study investigated relationships among peak performance, flow, goal orientation, and perceived ability in an attempt to ascertain possible conceptual bases to peak performance. Collegiate athletes (N=200) answered a questionnaire that assessed mastery and competitive goal orientations, perceived ability, flow, and experience in best and worst competitive performances. It was hypothesized that the psychological process of flow underlies peak performance and is associated with a mastery oriented focus and high perceived ability. These predicted relationships were supported by both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Analysis of athletes’ best performances indicated a total focus on performance, and other characteristics of flow were key to the perception of a superior state of functioning. In contrast, overconcern with the outcome, reflecting a competitive orientation, was often associated with athletes’ worst performances. These associations suggest that investigating positive performance states fr.
Nucleosomes impede Cas9 access to DNA in vivo and in vitro

The prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)-associated protein, Cas9, has been widely adopted as a tool for editing, imaging, and regulating eukaryotic genomes. However, our understanding of how to select single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that mediate efficient Cas9 activity is incomplete, as we lack insight into how chromatin impacts Cas9 targeting. To address this gap, we analyzed large-scale genetic screens performed in human cell lines using either nuclease-active or nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9). We observed that highly active sgRNAs for Cas9 and dCas9 were found almost exclusively in regions of low nucleosome occupancy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that nucleosomes in fact directly impede Cas9 binding and cleavage, while chromatin remodeling can restore Cas9 access. Our results reveal a critical role of eukaryotic chromatin in dictating the targeting specificity of this transplanted bacterial enzyme, and provide rules for selecting Cas9 target sites distinct from and complementary to those based on sequence properties. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12677. 001
Chemoprevention of Intestinal Polyps in ApcMin/+ Mice Fed with Western or Balanced Diets by Drinking Annurca Apple Polyphenol Extract

The Western diet (WD) is associated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than the Mediterranean diet. Polyphenols extracted from Annurca apple showed chemopreventive properties in CRC cells. A multifactorial, four-arm study by using wild-type (wt) and ApcMin/+ mice was carried out to evaluate the effect on polyp number and growth of APE treatment (60 μmol/L) ad libitum in drinking water combined with a WD or a balanced diet (BD) for 12 weeks. Compared with APE treatment, we found a significant drop in body weight (P < 0.0001), severe rectal bleeding (P = 0.0076), presence of extraintestinal tumors, and poorer activity status (P = 0.0034) in water-drinking ApcMin/+ mice, more remarkably in the WD arm. In the BD and WD groups, APE reduced polyp number (35% and 42%, respectively, P < 0.001) and growth (60% and 52%, respectively, P < 0.0001) in both colon and small intestine. Increased antioxidant activity was found in wt animals fed both diets and in ApcMin/+ mice fed WD and drinking APE. Reduced lipid peroxidation was found in ApcMin/+ mice drinking APE fed both diets and in wt mice fed WD. In normal mucosa, mice drinking water had lower global levels of DNA methylation than mice drinking APE. APE treatment is highly effective in reducing polyps in ApcMin/+ mice and supports the concept that a mixture of phytochemicals, as they are naturally present in foods, represent a plausible chemopreventive agent for CRC, particularly in populations at high risk for colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res; 4(6); 907–15. ©2011 AACR.
Glutathione-responsive biodegradable poly(urea-urethane)s containing L-cystine-based chain extender

A series of glutathione-responsive biodegradable poly(urea-urethane)s were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) as the soft segment and 1,6-hexamelthylene diisocyanate incorporating cystine-based chain extender as the hard segment. Structure and thermal properties of the poly(urea-urethane)s were characterized with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyses. In vitro degradation test was carried out under physiological conditions in the presence of glutathione and the degradability of poly(urea-urethane)s were evaluated by the decrease in their molecular weight (M w), on which the degradation rate constants were calculated and kinetic equations were established. PU[Cys] had the highest degradation rate and it remained only 30% of the original M w in eight days. All the poly(urea-urethane)s were testified with noncytotoxicity and good biocompatibility.
Factors Influencing User Motivation for Giving Online Preference Feedback

Preference elicitation is important for any computerized system advising users about choices. Recommender systems aim to propose interesting material to users. Therefore, they must first gather user preferences. Negotiation support systems can only give meaningful bidding advice based on users’ preferences regarding negotiable issues and interests. In general, the more detail users are willing to give the better the support will be. We investigated how four factors indluence users’ willingness to give detail in an online preference elicitation experiment. 18 users rated 60 items (pictures/songs) with 5 levels of detail (from 3-point scale over affective feedback to free text). For each item, users could choose the desired detail level. Our results show that, of the four factors investigated (having an opinion about an item, content type of the item, familiarity with, and ownership of that item), mainly having an opinion about an item makes users give significantly more detailed feedback. Further, users with an opinion about an item use qualitatively rich affective feedback in 30% of the cases. Our findings indicate that adaptive preference elicitation interfaces can conditionally hide and show fine grained feedback providing a simpler interface, whch can be important for smaller interfaces. Further, the fact that 30% of the cases rated with an opinion included affective detail indicates that users are willing to give rich affective feedback when they have an opinion.
The Impact of Personality and Workplace Belongingness on Mental Health Workers' Professional Quality of Life

Objectives Mental health workers are constantly exposed to their clients' stories of distress and trauma. While listening to these stories can be emotionally draining, professionals in this field still derive pleasure from their work. This study examined the role of personality and workplace belongingness in predicting compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout in mental health workers. Methods Mental health staff (N = 156) working in a counselling service completed a questionnaire that included measures relating to professional quality of life, the Five‐Factor Model of personality, workplace belongingness, as well as questions relating to the participants' demographic profile, work roles, and trauma history. Results The results indicated that high levels of emotional stability (low neuroticism), extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and being connected at work, are essential factors that promote the professional quality of life of mental health workers. Specifically, workplace belongingness was the strongest predictor of compassion satisfaction and low levels of burnout, while neuroticism was the strongest predictor of secondary traumatic stress. Conclusions Important implications from this study include: (a) encouraging mental health staff to increase self‐awareness of their dispositional characteristics and how their personalities affect their well‐being at work; and (b) encouraging management to facilitate practices where mental health workers feel connected, respected, and supported in their organisation.
A Sierpinski carpet fractal based design of thinned rectangular microstrip antenna array

A novel configuration of Sierpinski carpet fractal based thinning of rectangular microstrip planar array is presented. Effect of sequential change in feed amplitudes on peak SLL is studied and a peak SLL of −18dB is achieved. Mutual coupling between the elements is found to remain below −20dB. The antenna array can be effectively utilized for onboard satellite applications.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Enzymes

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands ( www.guidetopharmacology.org ), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/bph.13354/full . G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The Concise Guide is published in landscape format in order to facilitate comparison of related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2015, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology. org , superseding data presented in the previous Guides to Receptors & Channels and the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
Transcriptional Alterations of Virulence-Associated Genes in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli during Morphologic Transitions Induced by Ineffective Antibiotics

It is known that an ineffective antibiotic treatment can induce morphological shifts in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) but the virulence properties during these shifts remain to be studied. The present study examines changes in global gene expression patterns and in virulence factor-associated genes in an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPEC (ESBL019) during the morphologic transitions induced by an ineffective antibiotic and in the presence of human primary bladder epithelial cells. Microarray results showed that the different morphological states of ESBL019 had significant transcriptional alterations of a large number of genes (Transition; 7%, Filamentation; 32%, and Reverted 19% of the entities on the array). All three morphological states of ESBL019 were associated with a decreased energy metabolism, altered iron acquisition systems and altered adhesion expression. In addition, genes associated with LPS synthesis and bacterial motility was also altered in all the morphological states. Furthermore, the transition state induced a significantly higher release of TNF-α from bladder epithelial cells compared to all other morphologies, while the reverted state was unable to induce TNF-α release. Our findings show that the morphological shifts induced by ineffective antibiotics are associated with significant transcriptional virulence alterations in ESBL-producing UPEC, which may affect survival and persistence in the urinary tract.
A Unified Dynamic Approach for Dealing with Temporal Uncertainty and Conditional Planning

In temporal planning, Temporal Constraint Networks allow to check the temporal consistency of a plan, but it has to be extended to deal with tasks which effective duration is uncertain and will only be observed during execution. The Contingent TCN models it, in which Dynamic controllability has to be checked, i.e.: during execution, will the system be able to consistently release tasks according to the observed durations of already completed tasks? This behaviour is a reactive one suggesting the plan is conditional in some sense. A Timed Game Automaton model has been specifically designed to check the Dynamic controllability. This paper furthermore discusses the use of such a model with respect to conditional and reactive planning, and its strength with respect to execution supervision needs, and suggests improving efficiency by partitioning the plan into subparts, introducing so-called waypoints with fixed time of occurrence. Last we show that the expressive power of automata might allow to address more elaborate reactive planning features, such as preprocessed subplans, information gathering, or synchronization constraints.
MELODY RETRIEVAL AND COMPOSER ATTRIBUTION USING SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT ON RISM INCIPITS

The RISM A/II database contains metadata and incipits of more than a million compositions. The Monochord search engine can retrieve incipits that are similar to a query using several alignment methods based on pitch raters, weightbased raters and duration-based raters. The performance of all 27 search methods is evaluated using Mean Average Precision metrics and the TREC framework for retrieval performance analysis. The difference in exact pitch between melodies turns out to be the best factor to search with for musical similarity retrieval. All melodies have metadata such as a composer name, but a portion of the database is labelled as Anonymus. A kNearest Neighbours algorithm is optimised for the purpose of deanonymisation and used to classify several Anonymus songs to test the applicability of this classifier for composer labelling. Using a classifier as a first selection step for deanonymisation purposes turns out to be viable with human correction.
The Public Health Costs of Job Loss

We study the short-run effect of involuntary job loss on comprehensive measures of public health costs. We focus on job loss induced by plant closure, thereby addressing the reverse causality problem as job displacements due to plant closure are unlikely caused by workers' health status, but potentially have important effects on individual workers' health and associated public health costs. Our empirical analysis is based on a rich data set from Austria providing comprehensive information on various types of health care costs and day-by-day work history at the individual level. Our central findings are (i) overall expenditures on medical treatments are not strongly affected by job displacement; (ii) job loss significantly increases expenditures for antidepressants and related drugs, as well as for hospitalizations due to mental health problems for men (but not for women) although the effects are economically rather small; and (iii) sickness benefits strongly increase due to job loss.
LDA Mapping of Regional Socioeconomic Status

The socioeconomic status of a region provides an understanding of the access of its citizens to basic services. While socieconomic maps are key for policy makers, its compilation requires extensive resources and becomes highly expensive. As a result, traditional methods are now using pervasive datasets (such as cell phone traces for example) to infer regional socio-economic characteristics in a cost efficient manner. In this paper we use mobility information derived from cell phone records to identify socioeconomic levels by using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation that extracts recurring patterns of cooccurring behaviors across regions.
The Transfer in Quanta of Radiation Momentum to Matter.

1. The reflection by a crystal of X-radiation characteristic of the atoms in the crystal itself, which Dr. G. L. Clark and the writer discovered (these PROCEEDINGS, May, 1922 and April, 1923), does not appear to be explainable in a simple manner by the theoryof interference of waves. This note describes an attempt to formulate a theory of the reflection of X-rays by crystals, based on quantum ideas without reference to interference laws. 2. The fundamental hypothesis of the theory now presented is that the momentum of radiation is transferred to and from matter in quanta, and further, that the laws of the conservation of energy and of momentum apply to these transfers. 3. In order to illustrate the meaning of this hypothesis, let us take a particular example, namely, that of the reflection of an X-ray by a crystal. For the sake of simplicity, let us assume that the axes of the crystal lie
A study of a retro-projected robotic face and its effectiveness for gaze reading by humans

Reading gaze direction is important in human-robot interactions as it supports, among others, joint attention and non-linguistic interaction. While most previous work focuses on implementing gaze direction reading on the robot, little is known about how the human partner in a human-robot interaction is able to read gaze direction from a robot. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to introduce a new technology to implement robotic face using retro-projected animated faces and (2) to test how well this technology supports gaze reading by humans. We briefly discuss the robot design and discuss parameters influencing the ability to read gaze direction. We present an experiment assessing the user's ability to read gaze direction for a selection of different robotic face designs, using an actual human face as baseline. Results indicate that it is hard to recreate human-human interaction performance. If the robot face is implemented as a semi sphere, performance is worst. While robot faces having a human-like physiognomy and, perhaps surprisingly, video projected on a flat screen perform equally well and seem to suggest that these are the good candidates to implement joint attention in HRI.
Temperament and Character Profiles of Group-Based Suicide Cases

Background: Personality and character traits may be a key predisposing factor to consider in the life course of people who are vulnerable to suicide. Aims: The aim of this study is first to explore the possible presence of different subgroups of suicide decedents based on developmental profiles of adversity, and secondly to examine the association of personality and character dimensions (covariates) with the trajectory outcome. Method: A total of 90 cases of suicide decedents were analyzed using growth mixture modeling (GMM). Results: Results generated two different life trajectories and identified specific temperament profiles. Subjects assigned to the trajectory of high burden of adversity demonstrated a greater predisposition for harm avoidance and those in the trajectory characterized by low burden of adversity displayed greater predisposition for self-directedness. Conclusion: Our results add to the literature by suggesting that different subgroups of suicide completers show a predisposition for either harm avoidance or self-directedness.
HETEROZYGOSITY‐FITNESS CORRELATIONS IN RAINBOW TROUT: EFFECTS OF ALLOZYME LOCI OR ASSOCIATIVE OVERDOMINANCE?

Abstract. — Previous studies with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have shown that increased heterozygosity at allozyme loci is correlated with several phenotypic traits associated with fitness. We expected to find a similar effect of heterozygosity at other nuclear loci if these associations are due to loci in linkage disequilibrium with the allozyme loci (i.e., associative overdominance), rather than the allozymes themselves. We examined the association between multiple locus heterozygosity and condition factor at 10 allozyme and 10 microsatellite loci. Individuals that were more heterozygous at allozyme loci had significantly greater condition factor in two hatchery cohorts of rainbow trout (1996 P= 0.006; 1997 P < 0.001). In contrast, there was no evidence at microsatellite loci that increased heterozygosity was associated with greater condition factor. Our results suggest that the observed relationship between heterozygosity at allozyme loci and condition factor in rainbow trout appears to be due to the allozyme loci themselves, rather than associative overdominance. We cannot, however, rule out that differences in the mutation process between allozymes and microsatellites may be responsible for these observations. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, these results support the view that allozymes and microsatellites are differentially affected by natural selection.