Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Chinese Continuum of Self-Cultivation: A Confucian-Deweyan Learning Model

9 1.0 Introduction . 11 The Chinese Continuum of Self-cultivation: A Confucian-Deweyan Learning Model Christine A. Hale University of Sydney 4 1.1 The Self as Learner . 14 1.2 Background to the Confucian Element . 17 1.3 Background to the Deweyan Element . 19 1.4 Globalization, Glocalization, and Education . 22 2.0 Literature Review . 26 2.1 Education in Confucian Society: a Historical Overview . 26 2.2 Deweyan Thought in China . 34 2.2.1 Dewey and the Early Reformers . 37 2.2.2 Sinologized Deweyan Narrative in the 21 Century . 38 2.3 Confucian Metaphysics . 40 2.3.1 American Confucianism . 43 2.3.2 Tu Weiming’s Transcultural Confucianism . 45 2.4 China’s Educational Reforms: the 21 Century . 49 2.4.1 The Shanghai Project . 54 2.4.2 First, now Second, Wave of Reform . 59 2.5 Globalization and Education: Self and Knowledge in Creative Application . 61 3.0 Methodology . 69 3.1 The Theory . 72 3.2 The Researcher’s Intercultural Position . 74 3.2.1 Notes on guanxi (关系 social connections): The subtlety of humanness 76 4.0 Self vis a vis the Individual . 79 4.1 The Notion of Self vis a vis the Individual in Western Thought . 80 4.2 The Notion of Self vis a vis the Individual in Chinese Thought . 88 4.3 The Universal Metaphysical and Pragmatic Self . 95 5.0 Confucianism: The Metaphysics . 97 5.1 The Evolving Self : Mind in Transformation . 102 5.2 The Confucian Self xing 性 in Relation to ren 人 (self in the world), ren 仁 (humanity) and li 禮 (propriety) . 106 5.3 Tu Weiming’s Confucianism: Contemporary Transcultural Applications The Chinese Continuum of Self-cultivation: A Confucian-Deweyan Learning Model Christine A. Hale University of Sydney 5 . 110 5.4 Embodied Knowing (智的直覺 zhi de zhi jue) in the Processual Model of SelfCultivation (修身xiushen): the Stages . 112 5.5 Environmental and Human Sustainability: Self of the World . 119 6.0 Deweyan Thought . 123 6.1 Experience as Felt . 124 6.2 Dewey’s Personhood: A Metaphysical Self? 127 6.3 Imagination, Community and Culture . 128 6.4 Deweyan Philosophy of Learning . 132 7.0 Deweyan Thought in China . 136 7.1 Deweyan Influence within the Nationalist Movement . 138 7.1.1 Hu Shih (胡適 1891-1962) . 141 7.1.2 Liang Shuming (梁漱溟 1893-1988) . 145 7.2 The 21 Century: the Emergence of Confucian↔Deweyan Thought . 149 8.0 Education Reform in Modern China: A Historical and Cultural Continuum 157 8.1 The Role of Education in Accelerated Modernization: 1996 to the Present . 163 8.2 Confluence of Confucian-Deweyan Thought in Philosophy of Education . 170 9.0 Globalization, Glocalization, and Education . 180 9.1 Hegemony or Cultural Diversity? 181 9.2 Transcultural Educational Philosophy of the Whole Self: A ConfucianDeweyan Learning Model . 187 9.2.1 Project – or Problem – Based Learning (PBL) as Curriculum: Realizing the Confucian-Deweyan Learning Model in the Classroom . 193 9.3 Education: Key to the Glocalized World Living in Harmony. 195 Bibliography . 198 The Chinese Continuum of Self-cultivation: A Confucian-Deweyan Learning Model Christine A. Hale University of Sydney
Improving Interactive Machine Translation via Mouse Actions

Although Machine Translation (MT) is a very active research field which is receiving an increasing amount of attention from the research community, the results that current MT systems are capable of producing are still quite far away from perfection. Because of this, and in order to build systems that yield correct translations, human knowledge must be integrated into the translation process, which will be carried out in our case in an Interactive-Predictive (IP) framework. In this paper, we show that considering Mouse Actions as a significant information source for the underlying system improves the productivity of the human translator involved. In addition, we also show that the initial translations that the MT system provides can be quickly improved by an expert by only performing additional Mouse Actions. In this work, we will be using word graphs as an efficient interface between a phrase-based MT system and the IP engine.
Quality of Life After Stroke: The North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS)

Background and Purpose— Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data are scarce from unselected populations. The aims were to assess HRQoL at 2 years poststroke, to identify determinants of HRQoL in stroke survivors, and to identify predictors at stroke onset of subsequent HRQoL. Methods— All first-ever cases of stroke in a population of 306 631 over a 1-year period were assessed. Stroke severity, comorbidity, and demographic information were recorded. Two-year poststroke HRQoL was assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument (deceased patients score=0). Handicap, disability, physical impairment, depression, anxiety, living arrangements, and recurrent stroke at 2 years were documented. If necessary, proxy assessments were obtained, except for mood. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with HRQoL. Results— Of 266 incident cases alive at 2 years, 225 (85%) were assessed. The mean AQoL utility score for all survivors was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.52). Almost 25% of survivors had a score of ≤0.1. The independent determinants of HRQoL in survivors were handicap, physical impairment, anxiety and depression, disability, institutionalization, dementia, and age. The factors present at stroke onset that independently predicted HRQoL at 2 years poststroke were age, female sex, initial NIHSS score, neglect, and low socioeconomic status. Conclusions— A substantial proportion of stroke survivors have very poor HRQoL. Interventions targeting handicap and mood have the potential to improve HRQoL independently of physical impairment and disability.
In Vivo Tracking of Dual‐Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells Homing Into the Injured Common Carotid Artery

The aim of this study is to conduct in vivo, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of labeled rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as they home into the site of injured common carotid artery following allograft transplantation. Our study was approved by the Institutional Committee on Animal Research. Purified rat BMSCs were dual labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particle and fluorescent DiI dye, and subsequently transplanted into recipient rats injured in the left common carotid arteries. Immediately before and 3 hr, 3, 7 and 12 days after transplantation, the labeled cells were monitored in vivo using a 7T micromagnetic resonance imaging (7T micro‐MRI) scanner. The signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) at the injured sites were corroborated with histological examination using Prussian blue staining and fluorescent imaging. Rat BMSCs were labeled with SPIO and DiI at 100% efficiency. When compared with the baseline level before transplantation, the SNR decreased significantly on Days 3 and 7 after injection in the experimental group (Dunnet t test, P < 0.05), whereas insignificant differences were observed after 3 hr and 12 days (Dunnet t test, P > 0.05). In the control group, no significant differences in SNR were found among different time points (ANOVA, P > 0.05). Histological analyses illustrated that red fluorescence and Prussian blue‐positive cells were mainly distributed around the lesion areas of injured common carotid arteries. Rat BMSCs can be efficiently labeled with SPIO and DiI, and the directional homing of labeled cells to the site of injured common carotid arteries after intravascular transplantation could be tracked in vivo with 7T micro‐MRI. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Effect of Aeration and Nutrition on Cellulose Decomposition by Certain Bacteria

Microbiological decomposition of cellulosic fibers, particularly cotton, is one of the major problems confronting the Quartermaster Corps in the South Pacific. Since the nature of the organisms concerned is of primary consideration, isolations were made from 150 samples of fabrics received from the tropics, in different stages of decomposition. Of these, the bacterial isolates were studied by the writers. Of nearly 500 such isolates, 39 or roughly 8 per cent were capable of destroig cellulose. These can be divided readily into two groups: (a) a highly aerobic type, chiefly Cytophaga sp. , and (b) a type requiring little, if any, oxygen. The latter is not truly anaerobic as it is capable of growing in the presence of oxygen, although it does not respond to differences in the oxygen concentration. In order to explore the physiology of these two groups and to determine differences in their activity on cellulose, a study of one representative isolate from each group was undertaken. In this way, it was thought that it would be possible to provide conveniently more detailed information than could be obtained from a generalized examination of many or all of the isolates. As representative of group (a) was chosen an isolate of Sporocytophaga myxococcoide8, and of group (b) Cellulomonws sp. No method capable of giving satisfactory quantitative data regarding the rate of cellulose decomposition by aerobic organisms has heretofore been reported. To be effective, a procedure must be simple enough to permit determinations on a large number of samples in a relatively short time so that many variables can be studied simultaneously. The results must be reproducible and the replicates in such close agreement that a small number will yield significant results. Finally, the method must be able to demonstrate a selective response by the organism to small changes in the environment. As will be shown in subsequent pages, a method fulifiling these conditions was found in the use of sihake flasks.
Pricing American options under variance gamma

We derive a form of the partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) for pricing American options under variance gamma (VG) process. We then develop a numerical algorithm to solve for values of American options under variance gamma model. In this study, we compare the exercise boundary and early exercise premia between geometric VG law and geometric Brownian motion (GBM). We find that GBM premia are understated and hence we conclude that further work is necessary in developing fast efficient algorithms for solving PIDE’s with a view to calibrating stochastic processes to a surface of American option prices.
fNIRS based dual movement control command generation using prefrontal brain activity

In this paper we have classified two movement intensions (left and right) using mental arithmetic and mental counting for development of brain-computer interface (BCI). Mental arithmetic task was associated to left movement intension and right movement intension was acquired using mental counting. The brain signals of four healthy subjects were acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Here we found the difference between mental counting and mental arithmetic significant enough to be associated to movement intensions. linear descriminant analysis was used to classify the concentrated changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin changes using online analysis. The results indicate that highest classification accuracy of 79 % was achieved for left vs. right trials, showing that the suggested method can be used for the discrimination of movement commands using fNIRS for BCI and we purpose this method the patients having problem in visualizing motor imageries.
Automatic in-betweening in computer assisted animation by exploiting 2.5D modelling techniques

This paper introduces a new method for automatic in-betweening in computer assisted traditional animation. The solution is based on novel 2.5D modelling and animation techniques within the context of a multi-level approach, starting with basic 2D drawing primitives (curves) at level 0, over explicit 2.5D modelling structures at level 1 and inclusion of 3D information by means of skeletons at level 2, to high-level deformation tools (and possibly other tools for supporting specific purposes such as facial expression) at level 3. The underlying methodologies are explained and implementation results are elucidated.
An analysis of the collegiate experience of gay and lesbian students enrolled in faith-based higher education

THESIS: An Analysis of the Collegiate Experience of Gay and Lesbian Students Enrolled in Faith-Based Higher Education STUDENT: Joel M. Wentz DEGREE: Master of Arts in Student Affairs Administration in Higher Education DATE: May, 2010 PAGES: 96 College is a formative stage of identity development for many young adults. This study presents an in-depth analysis of how some young adults who identify as gay or lesbian experience higher education in a faith-based setting. The theoretical framework for the research was founded in the literature of two separate fields: the general experience of college students and homosexual identity formation. Utilizing models created by Chickering (1969), Cass (1984), and D‟Augelli (1994), among others, the intent of this study was to discover how an explicitly faith-based college environment impacts the collegiate experiences of students who identify as gay and lesbian. This study was grounded in qualitative, phenomenological methodology. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with students who identified as gay or lesbian while enrolled in private, faith-based institutions of higher education. Interviews were completed during the spring semester of 2010. Data analysis was conducted based on steps identified by Moustakas (1994) and Strauss and Corbin (1990), and predominant themes were discovered. The researcher concluded that a faith-based institutional setting impacts the collegiate experience of gay and lesbian students in considerable ways. Students
The prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with cirrhosis is highly dependent on the accuracy of the technique

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), the difference between wedged (WHVP) and free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP), predicts survival in patients with cirrhosis. It has been suggested for the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) value instead of FHVP to calculate HVPG when the difference between proximal FHVP (obtained at 2 cm from the hepatic vein outlet) and IVC (measured at the level of the hepatic ostium) is >2 mm Hg. However, there are no data supporting this recommendation. The main aim of the study was to establish which gradient, WHVP‐FHVP (HVPG‐Free) or WHVP‐IVC (HVPG‐IVC), better correlates with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)‐free survival. This work was a retrospective evaluation of hepatic hemodynamic studies of 380 consecutive patients with cirrhosis performed from January 2006 to December 2012 with follow‐up until December 2013. Patients had a mean age of 56 ± 10 years and 64.7% were men. Mean Child‐Pugh was 7 ± 2. HVPG‐Free (16 ± 5 mm Hg) was significantly lower than HVPG‐IVC (17 ± 5.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001). During a mean follow‐up of 43 months, 40 patients were transplanted and 111 died. A total of 285 (75%) patients had an FHVP‐IVC difference within ±2 mm Hg (no discrepancy) and 95 (25%) patients <−2 mm Hg or >2 mm Hg (discrepancy). In patients without discrepancy, 16 mm Hg was the best cut‐off value predicting survival, independently of being calculated as HVPG‐Free or HVPG‐IVC. However, in those patients with discrepancy, 16 mm Hg was still the best cut‐off value for HVPG‐Free, but not for HVPG‐IVC, among which 25 patients (26%) were misclassified regarding their risk of OLT/death. Conclusions: Given that WHVP‐FHVP was more accurate in assessing prognosis than WHVP‐IVC, HVPG should be calculated as the gradient between WHVP and FHVP, but not with IVC, in order to optimize its prognostic value and in identifying different risk population. (Hepatology 2015;62:1584–1592)
An electron microscopic study of the laminar pattern and mode of termination of afferent fibre pathways in the somatic sensory cortex of the cat.

In a series of experiments, the extrinsic afferent pathways to the somatic sensory areas have been selectively interrupted and the distribution and mode of termination of degenerating synaptic endings studied at intervals of 2 to 6 days. Degenerating commissural fibres terminate on spines attached to dendrites of medium and small size in all cortical layers, but the endings are concentrated in the deeper parts of layers I and III and in layer IV. Cortical association fibres passing from SII to SI end on spines of small and medium-sized dendrites mainly in the intermediate layers (III, IV and V) of the cortex, but a small number are invariably seen in the molecular layer. Some of the latter are probably derived from thin myelinated axons which spread radially from a lesion and run just beneath the pia mater. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axons terminate on spines and to a lesser extent on shafts of dendrites of small diameter, mainly in layer IV but with overlap into adjacent parts of layers III and V and with an additional small but consistent number ending in the molecular layer. Thus, the molecular layer and layer IV receive the terminations of all extrinsic afferents, while the relations of these to the other laminae and their mode of termination is, in each case, slightly different. One interpretation of the results is that all three sets of extrinsic afferents terminate in the middle portion of the apical dendritic tree of pyramidal neurons, and that thalamo-cortical fibres have additional terminals on stellate neurons. The functional implications of this arrangement are discussed.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus sahandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from the Sahand Mountains in Iran

Abstract Paractinolaimus sahandi n. sp. , found in wet soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of grasses of Sahand Mountains, Iran, is described. This new species is characterized by its long body (3.5–4.7 mm), high a value (74.5–88.5), anterior location of posterior subventral nuclei, occupying 62.5–68.0% of glandularium distance, the presence of 1–4 pre- and 1–3 post-vulval papillae and numerous tiny, not innervated papillae in front and behind the vulva in the outer layer of cuticle; common functional males in the population, with 62.5–81.3 μm long spicules and 15–17 ventromedian supplements. The new species, which is the only one in the genus showing the advulval cuticular tiny papillae and is unusually slender, is compared to four species of Paractinolaimus, namely P. macrolaimus, P. longidrilus, P. spanithelus and P. rafiqi. The ribosomal 18S rDNA (1246 bp sequenced) and 28S rDNA D2/D3 region (844 bp sequenced) of P. sahandi n. sp. were sequenced for molecular characterization. Sequences of the 18S and 28S D2/D3 of P. sahandi n. sp. have distinct differences from those of the only sequenced P. macrolaimus, with 6 bp differences in 18S and 38 bp differences and five gaps in 28S. This is the first report of the occurrence of members of Actinolaimidae in Iran.
Training an object detector using only positive samples

Accurate pedestrian detection has an important role in automotive applications because, by issuing warnings to the driver and acting actively on the car brakes, it can save human lives and decrease the probability of injuries. In order to achieve adequate accuracy, detectors require training sets containing a very large number of negative samples, which can be challenging for the training algorithms of models like support vector machines (SVM). A common approach to deal with such large datasets is Hard Negative Mining (HNM), which avoids working on the full set by growing an active pool of mined samples. A more recent method is the Block-Circulant Decomposition, which achieves the accuracy of HNM at a lower computational cost by reformulating the problem in the Fourier domain. The method however results in additional memory, required during training by the FFT transform, which could be reduced significantly by using only the positive examples. To address the problem, this paper proposes two main contributions: (1) it shows that the circulant decomposition method works with the same performances when only the positive samples are used in the training phase (2) it compares the performance of a detection pipeline based on HOG features trained with either both all negative and positive samples or with only positive samples on the INRIA pedestrian dataset.
DDEF1 Is Located in an Amplified Region of Chromosome 8q and Is Overexpressed in Uveal Melanoma

Purpose: The molecular pathogenesis of uveal melanoma is poorly understood but is usually accompanied by amplification of chromosome 8q, suggesting the activation of one or more oncogenes. We recently identified a gene expression profile that distinguishes low-grade from high-grade melanomas. In this profile, a cluster of genes at chromosome 8q was overexpressed in high-grade tumors, providing an opportunity to search for potential oncogenes in this region. Experimental Design: Gene expression microarray analysis was done on 25 primary uveal melanomas. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry were done on a subset of these tumors. Cell motility was measured using a wound-healing assay. Results: In melanomas analyzed for microarray gene expression and CGH, gain of chromosome 8q correlated most strongly with expression of DDEF1, a gene located at 8q24. In contrast, the nearby MYC oncogene exhibited no significant change in expression. Confirming the microarray findings, DDEF1 mRNA levels and protein expression were significantly higher in high-grade melanomas. Furthermore, ectopic expression of DDEF1 in low-grade melanoma cells resulted in a significant increase in cell motility, a feature of high-grade metastasizing cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that DDEF1 overexpression may be a pathogenetically relevant consequence of chromosome 8q amplification, which commonly occurs in high-grade uveal melanomas. We conclude that DDEF1 may act as an oncogene in this cancer, and it may be a useful diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Immune complement activation is attenuated by surface nanotopography

The immune complement (IC) is a cell-free protein cascade system, and the first part of the innate immune system to recognize foreign objects that enter the body. Elevated activation of the system from, for example, biomaterials or medical devices can result in both local and systemic adverse effects and eventually loss of function or rejection of the biomaterial. Here, the researchers have studied the effect of surface nanotopography on the activation of the IC system. By a simple nonlithographic process, gold nanoparticles with an average size of 58 nm were immobilized on a smooth gold substrate, creating surfaces where a nanostructure is introduced without changing the surface chemistry. The activation of the IC on smooth and nanostructured surfaces was viewed with fluorescence microscopy and quantified with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring in human serum. Additionally, the ability of pre-adsorbed human immunoglobulin G (IgG) (a potent activator of the IC) to activate the IC after a change in surface hydrophobicity was studied. It was found that the activation of the IC was significantly attenuated on nanostructured surfaces with nearly a 50% reduction, even after pre-adsorption with IgG. An increase in surface hydrophobicity blunted this effect. The possible role of the curvature of the nanoparticles for the orientation of adsorbed IgG molecules, and how this can affect the subsequent activation of the IC, are discussed. The present findings are important for further understanding of how surface nanotopography affects complex protein adsorption, and for the future development of biomaterials and blood-contacting devices.