Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain adaptive Chinese Word Segmentation based on domain knowledge and word-formation feature

This paper describes a novel method about domain adaptive Chinese Word Segmentation. Unlike traditional methods, our system takes advantage of the domain knowledge and word-formation feature. First, we construct a general knowledge by bootstrapping, which contains domain independent information. Then a cross-domain model is generated with general knowledge and cross-domain knowledge. Furthermore, we realize the importance of word-formation in word segmentation. The segmentation results will be revised with word-formation strategy. There is scarce study about word-formation and this method indeed plays a significant role. We test our system on the corpora given by CIPS-SIGHAN 2010, and our system achieves F score of above 0.94 in all four domains. The good performance proves the effectiveness of our approach.
Inflation scenario via the Standard Model Higgs boson and LHC

We consider a quantum corrected inflation scenario driven by a generic GUT or Standard Model type particle model whose scalar field playing the role of an inflaton has a strong non-minimal coupling to gravity. We show that currently widely accepted bounds on the Higgs mass falsify the suggestion of the paper arxiv:0710.3755 (where the role of radiative corrections was underestimated) that the Standard Model Higgs boson can serve as the inflaton. However, if the Higgs mass could be raised to ∼230 GeV, then the Standard Model could generate an inflationary scenario with the spectral index of the primordial perturbation spectrum (barely matching present observational data) and the very low tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio .
Die Definitions[ohn]macht der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe in Österreich oder „es ist alles eine Frage der Erziehung“

Soziale Arbeit in der institutionellen Kinder- und Jugendhilfe orientiert sich an ihren legistischen Grundlagen. Im vorliegenden Text wird die Bruchlinie der Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetzgebung zur Definition des Kindeswohls im Allgemeinen Burgerlichen Gesetzbuch, zu den UN-Kinderrechten, zur globalen Definition Sozialer Arbeit und damit zu Konzepten der Sozialarbeitswissenschaft sowie zu Ergebnissen aus der Kinderarmutsforschung aufgezeigt und bearbeitet. Aus der Analyse aktueller gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen wie strukturelle Benachteiligung und soziale Ausgrenzung, mit denen sich eine immer groser werdende Gruppe von Kindern und Jugendlichen konfrontiert sieht, wird die Angemessenheit der Grundlagen institutioneller Kinder- und Jugendhilfe in Frage gestellt. Schlagworte: Ausgrenzung, Benachteiligung, Erziehung, Erziehungshilfen, Kinderarmut, Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetzgebung, Kinderrechte, Kindeswohl - Social work in governmental child and youth welfare is based on its legal framework. The following text shows and explains the gap between this legal framework and the definition of a child’s well-being within the Austrian Civil Law Code, the UN-children’s rights, the global definition of social work and hence the concepts of social work as well as the results of child poverty research. Based on the analysis of current social challenges like structural discrimination and social exclusion for an ever-growing group of children and teenagers, the suitability of governmental child and youth welfare is disputed. Keywords: exclusion, structural discrimination, education, child poverty, child and youth welfare laws, children’s rights, child’s well-being.
Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer from Xenopus

Human idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by severe deformations of the spine and skeleton. The occurrence of vestibular-related deficits in these patients is well established but it is unclear whether a vestibular pathology is the common cause for the scoliotic syndrome and the gaze/posture deficits or if the latter behavioral deficits are a consequence of the scoliotic deformations. A possible vestibular origin was tested in the frog Xenopus laevis by unilateral removal of the labyrinthine endorgans at larval stages. After metamorphosis into young adult frogs, X-ray images and three-dimensional reconstructed micro-computer tomographic scans of the skeleton showed deformations similar to those of scoliotic patients. The skeletal distortions consisted of a curvature of the spine in the frontal and sagittal plane, a transverse rotation along the body axis and substantial deformations of all vertebrae. In terrestrial vertebrates, the initial postural syndrome after unilateral labyrinthectomy recovers over time and requires body weight-supporting limb proprioceptive information. In an aquatic environment, however, this information is absent. Hence, the lesion-induced asymmetric activity in descending spinal pathways and the resulting asymmetric muscular tonus persists. As a consequence the mostly cartilaginous skeleton of the frog tadpoles progressively deforms. Lack of limb proprioceptive signals in an aquatic environment is thus the element, which links the Xenopus model with human scoliosis because a comparable situation occurs during gestation in utero. A permanently imbalanced activity in descending locomotor/posture control pathways might be the common origin for the observed structural and behavioral deficits in humans as in the different animal models of scoliosis.
Selecting Legal Advisors in M&As: Organizational Learning and the Role of Multiplicity of Mental Models

Management scholars have identified a variety of firm characteristics as antecedents to organizational learning. In this study, we conceptualize intraorganizational multiplicity of mental models as a complementary element that facilitates shifting from lower- to higher-level learning. Specifically, we investigate whether multiplicity of mental models—proxied by four measures—helps acquirers to categorically adapt selection rules for legal advisors in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) from domestic toward international settings. In developing our conceptual framework, we integrate resource-based, social network, and organizational learning perspectives. Empirically, we draw on 11,511 acquisition attempts announced from 1998 to 2010 (completion/abandonment assessed as of January 10, 2015, at the latest). The results largely support our theory: First, choosing legal advisors in domestic and international deals calls for different selection rules. While in domestic deals, network-related characteristics are more important drivers of lawyers’ performance relative to their country-specific expertise, the comparative relevance of these attributes is reversed in cross-border deals. Yet, initially, acquirers fail to recognize this. Also, they do not initially adjust their selection criteria appropriately in response to accumulating M&A experience of their own. Only after having attempted a substantial number of cross-border M&As, they reach a turning point at which they rebalance their selection criteria such that they reflect the predominant relevance of country expertise in cross-border settings. Finally, recognition of the need to categorically reassess selection criteria in international deals is significantly facilitated by an acquirer’s multiplicity of mental models.
Layered Learning on a Physical Robot

Layered learning is a general hierarchical machine learning paradigm that leverages a given task decomposition to learn complex tasks efficiently. Though it has been validated previously in simulation, this paper presents the first application of layered learning on a physical robot. In particular, it enables the learning of a high-level grasping behavior that relies on a gait which itself must be learned. All learning is done autonomously onboard a commercially available Sony Aibo robot, with no human intervention other than battery changes. We demonstrat e that our approach makes it possible to quickly learn both a fast gait and a reliable grasping behavior which, in combination, significantly outperform our best hand-tuned solution.
Random particles boosted RRT for complicated 3D environments with narrow passages

This paper proposes a fast path planning algorithm for complex 3D environments with many narrow passages, which is named Random Particles Boosted Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree(RP-RRT). This method is an improvement of the basic Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm, which is composed of preprocessing, random tree growth, collision checking and optimization. For preprocessing, random particles are uniformly distributed in the whole 3D collision-free space. Then, there are two phases in random tree growth. In the first phase, the generated particles are used to guide a random tree to grow out of the narrow passages within a few iterations. In the second phase, the basic RRT algorithm is used to extend that random tree to find the mission goal in 3D space. Simplified collision checking and optimization methods are used to reduce the consumption of computation resources. To demonstrate its efficiency and robustness, the proposed method is examined and compared with basic RRT algorithm in various practical complex 3D environments with narrow passages.
ANALYSIS OF PINE TREE HEIGHT ESTIMATION USING FULL WAVEFORM LIDAR

The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of tree height measurement from full waveform lidar processing techniques and to compare with alternative height extraction methods. Full waveform lidar was acquired at different densities of more than 2 points/m 2 , over a Pinus radiata plantation test area in New South Wales, Australia. We examine the effect on accuracy of canopy height for varying densities and pine trees of varying ages and growth. The differences between the outputs derived by the full waveform lidar are compared with traditional field survey techniques and ground-based Terrestrial Laser Scanners.
Random Networks with Preferential Growth and Vertex Death

A dynamic model for a random network evolving in continuous time is defined, where new vertices are born and existing vertices may die. The fitness of a vertex is defined as the accumulated in-degree of the vertex and a new vertex is connected to an existing vertex with probability proportional to a function b of the fitness of the existing vertex. Furthermore, a vertex dies at a rate given by a function d of its fitness. Using results from the theory of general branching processes, an expression for the asymptotic empirical fitness distribution {p k } is derived and analyzed for a number of specific choices of b and d. When b(i) = i + α and d(i) = β, that is, linear preferential attachment for the newborn and random deaths, then p k ∼ k -(2+α). When b(i) = i + 1 and d(i) = β(i + 1), with β < 1, then p k ∼ (1 + β)−k , that is, if the death rate is also proportional to the fitness, then the power-law distribution is lost. Furthermore, when b(i) = i + 1 and d(i) = β(i + 1)γ, with β, γ < 1, then logp k ∼ -k γ, a stretched exponential distribution. The momentaneous in-degrees are also studied and simulations suggest that their behaviour is qualitatively similar to that of the fitnesses.
Calibration-free projector-camera system for spatial augmented reality on planar surfaces

Spatial augmented reality extends augmented reality by projecting virtual data directly on a target surface, but requires to calibrate a projector-camera system. This paper introduces a free-calibration projector-camera system for spatial augmented reality with a planar surface. A pattern is projected on the target surface that can be freely moved. The main difficulty is to make the projected image fitting the target surface. This is often achieved by calibrating the projector according to the camera's pose, but the calibration process is offline and restricts the configuration of the setup. Our proposed method allows to independently move the projector, the camera or the surface while the projected image continuously fit the target surface. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our calibration-free spatial augmented reality approach when applied on a moving planar surface.
(Don’t) Tell Me How It Ends: Spoilers, Enjoyment, and Involvement in Television and Film

ABSTRACT As more people time shift their televsion viewing and engage in online discussions about entertainment media, public concern over spoilers, the premature disclosure of narrative outcomes, has increased. This article reports results from two experiments and a survey that reassess and extend recent findings about the impact of spoilers on enjoyment. Relying on audiovisual media, the studies test processing fluency as a mediator, and involvement, need for cognition, and need for affect as moderators. Study 1 suggested that genre and involvement can moderate negative effects of spoilers on enjoyment of scenes from television and film. Study 2 illustrated that spoilers for upcoming films are more likely to trigger psychological reactance than substantially impact enjoyment and viewing intentions. Finally, Study 3 showed that spoilers for a television series adapted from novels are beneficial for audience responses if the adaptation is faithful to the source. Partial support was obtained for mediation via processing fluency, and involvement and need for affect moderated some effects of spoilers. Taken as a whole, the findings illustrate that, just as in previous experiments using short stories, spoilers for television and film appear to have quite small and qualified effects on audience responses to these programs.
Bias in dietary-report instruments and its implications for nutritional epidemiology

Abstract Objective: To evaluate measurement error structure in dietary assessment instruments and to investigate its implications for nutritional studies, using urinary nitrogen excretion as a reference biomarker for protein intake. Design: The dietary assessment methods included different food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and such conventional dietary-report reference instruments as a series of 24-hour recalls, 4-day weighed food records or 7-day diaries. Setting: Six original pilot validation studies within the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC), and two validation studies conducted by the British Medical Research Council (MRC) within the Norfolk cohort that later joined as a collaborative component cohort of EPIC. Subjects: A sample of approximately 100 to 200 women and men, aged 35–74 years, from each of eight validation studies. Results: In assessing protein intake, all conventional dietary-report reference methods violated the critical requirements for a valid reference instrument for evaluating, and adjusting for, dietary measurement error in an FFQ. They displayed systematic bias that depended partly on true intake and partly was person-specific, correlated with person-specific bias in the FFQ. Using the dietary-report methods as reference instruments produced substantial overestimation (up to 230%) of the FFQ correlation with true usual intake and serious underestimation (up to 240%) of the degree of attenuation of FFQ-based log relative risks. Conclusion: The impact of measurement error in dietary assessment instruments on the design, analysis and interpretation of nutritional studies may be much greater than has been previously estimated, at least regarding protein intake.
Parallel learning of large-scale multi-label classification problems with min-max modular LIBLINEAR

The study on pattern classification trends to be towards large-scale, multi-label, and imbalanced problems. The amount of the data which need to be classified is typically dozens of millions and it keeps rapid increasing in recent years. Traditional pattern classification approaches are inefficient and even ineffective in this situation. In our previous work, we proposed a min-max modular (M3) network for dealing with large-scale and imbalanced problems. M3-network is a generalized modular learning framework and includes three main steps: decomposing a large-scale problem into several smaller independent sub-problems, learning these sub-problems in parallel, and combining the results of the sub-problems to generate a solution to the original problem. In this paper, we embed LIBLINEAR into M3-network (M3-liblnear) to deal with large-scale, multi-label, and imbanlanced pattern classification problems. LIBLINEAR is a fast implementation of a linear classifier. M3-Liblinear uses LIBLINEAR as a base classifier to learn each of the sub-problems. We compare M3-Liblinear with Liblinear-cdblock on a large-scale Japanese patent classification problem. Experimental results demonstrate that M3-Liblinear is superior to Liblinear-cdblock in both training time and generalization performance.
Teleconsultation to Support the Education of Students with Visual Impairments: A Program Evaluation

ABSTRACT Teleconsultation is being increasingly used in schools to support children with disabilities; however, further evaluation of the impact of this practice is needed. This study describes a teleconsultation model used to provide educational support for students with visual impairments being educated in their local school districts and examines the initial acceptability and feasibility of this teleconsultation model. In addition, the current study discusses some of the recommendations for improvement regarding program implementation, with the goal of increasing the ease of use of teleconsultation in schools. Stakeholders reported qualitative and quantitative data indicating that the teleconsultation model is acceptable to and feasible for families and school district staff.
Liquidity Risk in Credit Default Swap Markets

We show that liquidity risk is priced in the cross section of returns on credit default swaps (CDSs). We measure CDS market illiquidity by aggregating deviations of credit index levels from their no-arbitrage values implied by the index constituents' CDS spreads, and we construct a tradable liquidity factor from returns on index arbitrage strategies. CDS contracts with higher liquidity exposures have higher expected excess returns for sellers of credit protection and trade with wider CDS spreads; on average, liquidity risk accounts for 24% of CDS spreads. Consistent with recent models of intermediary asset pricing, illiquidity and risk premia correlate negatively with proxies for the risk-bearing capacity of CDS market intermediaries.
3D human face modeling for facial animation using regional adaptation

This paper proposes an efficient method to reconstruct human face models from 3D face scans using an adaptation algorithm based on regional information. The resulting model can represent individual facial shapes with various expressions, establishing dense correspondences across the whole facial expression sequences. We first initialize the global shape of the face model by implementing RBF interpolation. An efficient vertex mapping is then developed to reconstruct the surface details. The new 3D face are finally created by remapping the scan texture to the facial surface. Experiments show that our method can create effective 3D face models for continuous and realistic 3D facial animation.
A different view on the vector-valued empirical mode decomposition (VEMD)

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has achieved its reputation by providing a multi-scale time-frequency representation of nonlinear and/or nonstationary signals. To extend this method to vector-valued signals (VvS) in multidimensional (multi-D) space, a multivariate EMD (MEMD) has been designed recently, which employs an ensemble projection to extract local extremum locations (LELs) of the given VvS with respect to different projection directions. This idea successfully overcomes the problems of locally defining extrema of VvS. Different from the MEMD, where vector-valued envelopes (VvEs) are interpolated based on LELs extracted from the 1-D projected signal, the vector-valued EMD (VEMD) proposed in this paper employs a novel back projection method to interpolate the VvEs from 1-D envelopes in the projected space. Considering typical 4-D coordinates (3-D location and time), we show by numerical simulations that the VEMD outperforms state-of-art methods.
Non-uniform Sampling Schemes for RF Bandpass Sampling Receiver

In this paper, we decide to study a some of non uniform sampling (NUS) schemes, particularly its random processes schemes; jittered random sampling (JS) and the additive random sampling (ARS) and and its application for a RF bandpass sampling receiver. These techniques sampling has desirable alias suppression properties. First, effects of jittered and additive random sampling to suppress aliasing artifacts are detailed. Then, we propose a robust RF bandpass sampling receiver using NUS schemes. Finally, performance of JS and ARS schemes on reconstruction SNR for bandpass signals are compared. Simulation results give that JS with uniform distribution is the robusted technique on the terms of SNR.
Texture splats for 3D scalar and vector field visualization

Volume visualization is becoming an important tool for understanding large 3D data sets. A popular technique for volume rendering is known as splatting. With new hardware architectures offering substantial improvements in the performance of rendering texture mapped objects, we present textured splats. An ideal reconstruction function for 3D signals is developed which can be used as a texture map for a splat. Extensions to the basic splatting technique are then developed to additionally represent vector fields. <<ETX>>
Binding Dynamics of Structural Nucleoporins Govern Nuclear Pore Complex Permeability and May Mediate Channel Gating

ABSTRACT The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a permeable sieve that can dilate to facilitate the bidirectional translocation of a wide size range of receptor-cargo complexes. The binding of receptors to FG nucleoporin docking sites triggers channel gating by an unknown mechanism. Previously, we used deoxyglucose and chilling treatments to implicate Nup170p and Nup188p in the control of NPC sieving in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report that aliphatic alcohols increase the permeability of wild-type and nup170Δ NPCs. In conjunction with increases in permeability, aliphatic alcohols, deoxyglucose, and chilling trigger the reversible dissociation of several nucleoporins from nup170Δ NPCs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NPC gating occurs when molecular latches composed of FG repeats and structural nucleoporins dissociate.
Aspects of translating gender

Grammatical gender and the related concept, 'social gender', are important linguistic categories which, in this article, are used to illustrate that the translation process is not only a 'cross-cultural transfer' but also a cross-ideological transfer. By departing from the view that different languages reflect different ways of perceiving reality, it is argued here that the linguistic structure of languages with regard to gender (i.e. grammatical vs. pronominal gender), as well as different connotations of gender, have a considerable influence upon the translation process and, hence, on how the reader of the target language is meant to perceive reality. The article emphasizes the importance of the translator's role in analyzing gender aspects in the source text and determining the ideological impact gender connotations may have in both the source and the target text.