Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DB-Outlier Detection Algorithm Using Divide and Conquer Approach over Dynamic DataStream

Anomaly detection is currently an important and active research problem in many fields and involved in numerous applications. Most of the existing methods are based on distance measure which can produce better results as compared to other methods. But in case of datastream these methods are computationally less efficient. In order to find some specified number of neighbors for each data element make these methods inappropriate for datasteam environment, because of the huge volume of DataStream. Moreover, declaring a point as an outlier as it arrives, can often lead us to a wrong decision. In this paper we introduced an algorithm which divide incoming stream in chunks and make preliminary clusters in each chunk during the first stage. In the second stage K-nearest neighbor approach for outlier detection is applied to each cluster. In this way we can reduce the nearest neighbor searches for each data element as well as can detect better outliers with evolution of data stream. Several experiments on different datasets confirm that our technique can find suitable outliers with low computational cost than the other exiting distance based approaches for outlier detection over data stream.
Decentralized Restless Bandit with Multiple Players and Unknown Dynamics

We consider decentralized restless multi-armed ban- dit problems with unknown dynamics and multiple players. The reward state of each arm transits according to an unknown Markovian rule when it is played and evolves according to an arbitrary unknown random process when it is passive. Players activating the same arm at the same time collide and suffer from reward loss. The objective is to maximize the long-term reward by designing a decentralized arm selection policy to address unknown reward models and collisions among players. A decentralized policy is constructed that achieves a regret with logarithmic order when an arbitrary nontrivial bound on certain system parameters is known. When no knowledge about the system is available, we extend the policy to achieve a regret arbitrarily close to the logarithmic order. The result finds applications in communication networks, financial investm ent, and industrial engineering.
A Formal Analysis of Classifier System and Interface between Learning System and Environment

Traditionally, learning refers to the changes in the learning system by its experience. On the other hand, in order to prompt the changes in the system, it needs to interact with its outer environment. As a result of the interaction, the relationship between the system and the environment changes. In this paper, we formally analyze the interaction based on Situation Theory and Channel Theory and give a formal model of the interaction. Finally, we present an alternative view of the concept of learning that learning is a transformation process of relationships in the whole system including the learning system and the environment.
Het meten van werkoriëntaties. Een vergelijking van verschillende technieken voor het meten van houdingen.

The major concern of this study is with some methodological issues of the social sciences. It also has to do with the sociology of labour. This aspect, however, is of minor importance. The goals are, in the first place, to give a description of the main actions which have to be carried out by a researcher when applying some techniques of attitude scale construction; of his decisions for these actions and of the "good reasons" for these decisions. In the second place, to make a comparison of the constructed scales with respect to the reliability, content (face) validity, efficiency, utility and relations with some theoretical important variables. Zie: Summary
Circular consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n systems and circular multi-state sliding window systems

Previous research on consecutive systems focused on the model with linear consecutive connected elements. A circular consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n system is proposed in this paper as a generalization of circular consecutive k-out-of-n system. The model is further generalized to be a multi-state circular sliding window system. Two algorithms based on universal generating function technique are proposed to evaluate the system reliability of the two proposed models. The model and algorithms are illustrated through examples.
Speech compression using LPC and wavelet

The past decade has witnessed substantial progress towards the application of low-rate speech coders to civilian and military communications as well as computer-related voice applications. Central to this progress has been the development of new speech coders capable of producing high-quality speech at low data rates. Most of these coders incorporate mechanisms to represent the spectral properties of speech, provide for speech waveform matching, and optimize the coder's performance for the human ear. A number of these coders have already been adopted in national and international cellular telephony standards.
Link Weight Optimisation with Quality of Service Support

This paper presents a new method to perform QoS enabled traffic engineering based mostly on conventional IP routing techniques. By combining the flexibility of layer 3 routing protocols like OSPF with a management plane link weight traffic engineering technique, this paper makes the proposition that more recent technologies such as MPLS are not essential to enable services that require QoS support.
Emission Line Variability of the Accreting Young Brown Dwarf 2MASSW J1207334–393254: From Hours to Years

We have obtained a series of high-resolution optical spectra for 2MASSW J1207334-393254 (2M 1207). Two consecutive observing nights at the ESO Very Large Telescope with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph yielded a time series with a resolution of ~12 minutes. Additional high-resolution optical spectra were obtained months apart at the Magellan Clay telescope using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) instrument. Combined with previously published results, these data allow us to investigate changes in the emission line spectrum of 2M 1207 on timescales of hours to years. Most of the emission line profiles of 2M 1207 are broad, in particular that of Hα, indicating that the dominant fraction of the emission must be attributed to disk accretion rather than to magnetic activity. From the Hα 10% width, we deduce a relatively stable accretion rate between 10-10.1 and 10-9.8 M☉ yr-1 for two nights of consecutive observations. Therefore, either the accretion stream is nearly homogeneous over (sub)stellar longitude, or the system is seen face-on. Small but significant variations are evident throughout our near-continuous observation, and they reach a maximum after ~8 hr, roughly the timescale on which maximum variability is expected across the rotation cycle. Together with past measurements, we confirm that the accretion rate of 2M 1207 varies by more than 1 order of magnitude on timescales of months to years. Such variable mass accretion yields a plausible explanation for the observed spread in the Ṁ-M diagram. The magnetic field required to drive the funnel flow is on the order of a few hundred G. Despite the obvious presence of a magnetic field, neither radio nor X-ray emission has been reported for 2M 1207. It is possible that strong accretion suppresses magnetic activity in brown dwarfs, similar to the findings for higher mass T Tauri stars.
On Limited versus Polynomial Nondeterminism

In this paper, we show that efficient algorithms for some problems that require limited nondeterminism imply the subexponential simulation of nondeterministic computation by deterministic computation. In particular, if cliques of size O(log n) can be found in polynomial time, then nondeterministic time f(n) is contained in deterministic time 2^{O(\sqrt{f(n)polylog f(n)})}.
Cohort profile: research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability study.

Since the proportion of the ageing population in Japan is increasing, a comprehensive and evidencebased strategy is urgently required for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), both of which affect the activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) and increase morbidity and mortality. However, few prospective, longitudinal studies for the purpose of developing such a strategy have been conducted, and little information is available regarding the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, including OA and OP, as well as pain and disability in the Japanese population. It is difficult to design rational clinical and public health approaches for the diagnosis, evaluation and prevention of OA and OP without such epidemiological data. The Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study was established in 2005 by N.Y. , T.A. , H.O. , S.M. , H.K. and K.N. (principal investigators). The principal investigators are affiliated with the 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, University of Tokyo.
Falling sonority onsets, loanwords, and Syllable Contact

When CVC languages borrow loanwords with complex onsets, they often treat sobstruent clusters differently from all others. In s-obstruent clusters, a vowel is inserted at the edge: English ‘school’ → Hindi [ skul], but in rising sonority clusters, the vowel is inserted into the cluster, English ‘fruit’ → Hindi [f rut] (Broselow 1999). Previous analyses have attributed this split pattern to the different structure of s-obstruent clusters: they are complex segments and cannot be broken up by epenthesis (Broselow 1992). Fleischhacker (2000, 2001) focuses on the special perceptual properties of sibilant-initial clusters. I propose instead that the pattern is an effect of SYLLABLE CONTACT—the preference for sonority to fall across a syllable boundary (Murray and Vennemann 1983). While the epenthesis itself is driven by the prohibition on clusters, its site is determined by SYLLABLE CONTACT. Epenthesis in clusters is peripheral (CCV → VCCV) whenever C1 is of higher sonority than C2, but internal (CCV → CVCV) whenever C1 is of lower sonority than C2. Key new evidence for this approach comes from Russian loanwords into Kirgiz. Russian has a wide variety of falling and flat sonority clusters, which are repaired in this split fashion in Kirgiz: by peripheral epenthesis in falling and flat sonority onsets, zveno ‘link’ → [uzvana], and by internal epenthesis in rising sonority onsets, kvas ‘kvass’→ [k bas]. This shows that the purported limitation of the split pattern to s-obstruent clusters is an artifact of the source of the loanwords, English and French. The resistance of s-clusters to epenthesis is thus shown to arise from their sonority properties and from independently needed constraints rather than from a difference in structure or special perceptual properties.
On the Strategic Modulation of the Time Course of Facilitation and Inhibition of Return

In studies of exogenous attentional orienting, response times for targets at previously cued locations are often longer than those for targets at previously uncued locations. This effect is known widely as inhibition of return (IOR). There has been debate as to whether IOR can be observed in discrimination as well as detection tasks. The experiments reported here confirm that IOR can be observed when target discrimination is required and that the cue-target interval at which IOR is observed is often longer in discrimination than in detection tasks. The results also demonstrate that the later emergence of IOR is related to perceptual discrimination rather than to response selection differences between discrimination and detection tasks. More difficult discrimination tasks lengthen the SOA at which IOR emerges. In contrast, increasing task difficulty by adding a distractor to the location opposite the target shortens the SOA at which IOR emerges. Together, the results reveal an adaptive interaction between exogenous and endogenous attentional systems, in which the action of the orienting (exogenous) system is modulated endogenously in accord with task demands.
Weighted Clustering Approach Based on Rough Set Similarity Model

In the process of clustering analysis, property characteristics are not equally important in the clustering process, and some characteristics are even redundant. Improper selection of characteristics may worsen effects of several classification methods. Therefore, correct selection of characteristics of great importance for clustering is crucial in improving clustering effects. Based on this, this paper proposes a new weighted clustering approach based on rough set similarity models, as well as a class purification approach based on information theory. First, weights of each property characteristic are initialized to 1, form primary equivalent classes with rough set similarity models, and then evaluate these property characteristics according to the information entropy theory, repeated weighted clustering are performed on each property with their entropy values, and finally obtain pattern classes satisfying clustering requirements. Tested by dataset from UCI, this algorithm is found to have obvious improvements in both classification rates and purity of each pattern class.
Verification & Validation Meets Planning & Scheduling

A Planning and Scheduling (P&S) system takes as input a domain model and a goal, and produces a plan of actions to be executed, which will achieve the goal. A P&S system typically also offers plan execution and monitoring engines. Due to the non-deterministic nature of planning problems, it is a challenge to construct correct and reliable P&S systems, including for example declarative domain models. Verification and Validation (V&V) techniques have been applied to address these issues. Furthermore, V&V systems have been applied to actually perform planning, and conversely, P&S systems have been applied to perform V&V of more traditional software. This article overviews some of the literature on the fruitful interaction between V&V and P&S.
Expansion with Wikipedia

To address the task of automated query expansion with compound queries we make use of the highly structured Wikipedia corpus. We consider every article linked to by a specific disambiguation page as a unique sense. Using language modeling analysis over the articles referred to in order to determine which sense is most likely intended by considering the co-occurence of the different query terms in articles associated with candidate senses. Expansion terms are selected from the Wikipedia disambiguation sentence and added to the user defined query. An evaluation of this method is performed with the CLEF english collection and the TREC defined relevance assessments metrics. We observe a notable improvement in mean average precision in both of our experimental conditions, which differ only in the weighting of original query terms and expansion terms.
Myofiber length and three-dimensional localization of NMJs in normal and botulinum toxin treated adult extraocular muscles.

PURPOSE The density and three-dimensional localization of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of normal and botulinum toxin-treated normal adult rabbit and monkey extraocular muscles (EOMs) were analyzed. To demonstrate average myofiber length, randomly selected individual myofibers were reconstructed and compared with total muscle length. METHODS Normal adult rabbit and monkey EOM and normal adult rabbit tibialis anterior were dissected in their entirety, frozen, sectioned longitudinally, and immunostained for NMJ localization. In addition, adult rabbit EOMs were injected with 5 U botulinum toxin, and NMJ density was determined after 2 weeks. NMJ locations for the three groups of EOM were reconstructed, and density of NMJ was determined. Individual myofibers were reconstructed from the orbital and global layers to determine mean fiber length. RESULTS NMJs were dispersed throughout the entire length of all EOMs examined from adult rabbits and monkeys and were visualized by alpha-bungarotoxin staining and three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections. In leg muscle, two relatively tight bands of NMJs were seen. Botulinum toxin significantly increased total NMJ density. Mean fiber lengths were 1.9 and 4.83 mm in the orbital and global layers, respectively, approximately 10% and 24% of the total origin-to-insertion muscle lengths. In addition, individual myofibers continuously changed their intrafascicular relationships over their lengths. CONCLUSIONS The density and distribution of NMJs in normal EOMs are more extensive than previously described. Individual myofibers are significantly shorter than the tendon-to-tendon muscle length in both muscle layers. Botulinum toxin results in a doubling of NMJ density. NMJ localization in normal EOMs has ramifications for understanding eye movement control, but it is also important when surgical or pharmacologic intervention is used for the treatment of strabismus, nystagmus, or other eye muscle disorders.
One Double Levels Error Resilient Scheme of Joint Source and Channel Coding

In this paper, we will consider the joint source and channel coding problem and propose a double-level error resilient scheme of joint source and channel coding. Compared to other joint source and channel coding schemes, we insert one coordination structure named error resilient entropy coding between source coding and channel coding to achieve additional error resilient capability. Using arithmetic coding based on forbidden symbol and standard LDPC code, we prove that, in coding redundancy and computational complexity, our scheme outperforms either separate source and channel coding scheme or joint source and channel coding scheme with synchronization words.
Converting Mikrokosmos Frames into Description Logics

Mikrokosmos contains an ontology plus a number of lexicons in different languages that were originally developed for machine translation. The underlying representation formalism for these resources is an ad-hoc frame-based language which makes it difficult to inter-operate Mikrokosmos with state-of-the-art knowledge-based systems. In this paper we propose a translation from the frame-based representation of Mikrokosmos into Description logics. This translation allows us to automatically transform Mikrokosmos sources into OWL and thus provide a powerful ontology in the formalism of the semantic web. Furthermore, the reasoning mechanisms of Description Logics may also support knowledge acquisition and maintenance as well as its application in natural language processing systems.
Application of Generative Topographic Mapping to the Classification of Bearing Fault

In this paper we use bearing data as a test bed for dimensionality reduction methods based in latent variable modeling, in which an underlying lower dimension representation is inferred directly from the data, and apply it to the classification of bearing fault. The optimization of GTM processing experiential parameters, which consist of the number of latent points and basis function, a width parameter of basis function and the weight regularisation parameter, may lead to directly the best performance for classification. Experiments indicate that nonlinear latent variable modeling reveals a low-dimensional structure in the data inaccessible to the investigated linear models. The GTM theory may be successfully employed as a tool for bearing fault detection and diagnosis.
The Role of Cognitive Control in Older Adult Cognitive Reappraisal: Detached and Positive Reappraisal

Older adults are more likely to regulate their emotions by engaging in cognitive reappraisal. However, depending on the type of cognitive reappraisal used, efforts to regulate emotions are sometimes met with success and other times with failure. It has been suggested the well-known age-related decline in cognitive control might be the culprit behind the poor use of detached reappraisal by older adults. However, this possibility has not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, studies have not examined what aspects of cognitive control– shifting, updating or inhibition–might be relevant to cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, 41 older participants were tested on cognitive control and abilities to use detached and positive reappraisal. Results showed detached reappraisal compared to positive relied more heavily on cognitive control, specifically mental set shifting. Results of this study have important implications for development of cognitive training interventions for older adults.
On the computation of disturbance rejection measures

In any process plant design, a central question is whether it is possible to achieve acceptable control with the available manipulated variables, while taking into account the disturbances that can be expected. Some little known controllability measures have been proposed to address such issues (Wolff, 1994; Skogestad & Wolff, 1992). The main reason these controllability measures have received little attention is probably that, while their mathematical formulation was defined, no algorithms were provided to solve the mathematical problems. This paper shows how to calculate these controllability measures, and applies the algorithms to some process examples.
Compiler directed automatic stack trimming for efficient non-volatile processors

Wearable devices are becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. Energy harvesting instead of battery is a better power source for these wearable devices due to many advantages. However, harvested energy is often unstable and program execution will be frequently interrupted. Non-volatile processors demonstrate promising advantages to back up volatile state before the system energy is depleted. But Non-volatile processors require additional memory for backing up, thus introducing non-negligible overhead in terms of energy, runtime as well as chip area. In this work, we target at non-volatile register reduction for energy harvesting based wearable devices. This paper proposes to stack trimming the memory footprint via a novel compiler directed method. The evaluation results deliver on average 28.6% reduction of non-volatile register files for backing up stack area, with ultra low runtime overhead.
Serological Findings in a Child with Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria

PCH is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) but is one of the most common causes of AIAH in children. For the diagnosis, it is important to perform the appropriate methods of serological investigation and show the typical biphasic reaction. This is a case report of a child who presented with features of haemolysis and was diagnosed with PCH of this way.
Selecting Discrete and Continuous Features Based on Neighborhood Decision Error Minimization

Feature selection plays an important role in pattern recognition and machine learning. Feature evaluation and classification complexity estimation arise as key issues in the construction of selection algorithms. To estimate classification complexity in different feature subspaces, a novel feature evaluation measure, called the neighborhood decision error rate (NDER), is proposed, which is applicable to both categorical and numerical features. We first introduce a neighborhood rough-set model to divide the sample set into decision positive regions and decision boundary regions. Then, the samples that fall within decision boundary regions are further grouped into recognizable and misclassified subsets based on class probabilities that occur in neighborhoods. The percentage of misclassified samples is viewed as the estimate of classification complexity of the corresponding feature subspaces. We present a forward greedy strategy for searching the feature subset, which minimizes the NDER and, correspondingly, minimizes the classification complexity of the selected feature subset. Both theoretical and experimental comparison with other feature selection algorithms shows that the proposed algorithm is effective for discrete and continuous features, as well as their mixture.