Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assertions are strongly correlated with test suite effectiveness

Code coverage is a popular test adequacy criterion in practice. Code coverage, however, remains controversial as there is a lack of coherent empirical evidence for its relation with test suite effectiveness. More recently, test suite size has been shown to be highly correlated with effectiveness. However, previous studies treat test methods as the smallest unit of interest, and ignore potential factors influencing this relationship. We propose to go beyond test suite size, by investigating test assertions inside test methods. We empirically evaluate the relationship between a test suite’s effectiveness and the (1) number of assertions, (2) assertion coverage, and (3) different types of assertions. We compose 6,700 test suites in total, using 24,000 assertions of five real-world Java projects. We find that the number of assertions in a test suite strongly correlates with its effectiveness, and this factor directly influences the relationship between test suite size and effectiveness. Our results also indicate that assertion coverage is strongly correlated with effectiveness and different types of assertions can influence the effectiveness of their containing test suites.
Development of a microfluidic device with microcantilever sensor array for probing single cancer cells mechanics

A new design of microfluidic device with integrated microcantilever sensor array is proposed in this work for probing single cancer cells mechanics. Array of piezoresistive microcantilever with interdigitated microelectrode is used as a smart substrate for trapping cells by the mechanism of negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) and for measuring the cellular contractile force induced by the trapped cells. The cantilever sensor design is optimized based on a mechanics model for higher cellular force sensitivity. Single cancer cells trapping and cellular contractile force measurement has been demonstrated under the normal cell culture medium and extracellular matrix coating on cantilever surface. By the proposed microfluidic device, a new platform for cell mechanics-based cancer research is promising.
Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium chabaudi

ABSTRACT We have studied resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (S/P) in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. A stable S/P-resistant mutant, AS(50S/P), was selected by drug treatment of a clone, AS(PYR), already resistant to pyrimethamine. The sequences of the P. chabaudi dhfr and dhps genes were obtained and found to be identical in AS(50S/P) and AS(PYR), showing that resistance to S/P in AS(50S/P) was not due to additional mutations in either gene. AS(50S/P) was crossed with a drug-sensitive clone, AJ, and 16 independent recombinant progeny were obtained. These clones were phenotyped for their susceptibility to S/P and to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine separately. Pyrimethamine resistance was invariably associated with S/P resistance, but no correlation was found between resistance to S/P and resistance to sulfadoxine. Quantitative trait locus analysis of the progeny with 31 chromosome-specific markers showed that mutant P. chabaudi dhfr, or one or more genes closely linked to it, was a major determinant of S/P resistance. In addition, the inheritance of genes on chromosomes 5 and 13 from the sensitive parent appeared to contribute to the level of resistance observed. These results demonstrate that the S/P resistance of the AS(50S/P) mutant of P. chabaudi does not involve mutation in dhps and is not due simply to a combination of two genes determining resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine separately.
Single-cell and population level viral infection dynamics revealed by phageFISH, a method to visualize intracellular and free viruses

Microbes drive the biogeochemical cycles that fuel planet Earth, and their viruses (phages) alter microbial population structure, genome repertoire, and metabolic capacity. However, our ability to understand and quantify phage–host interactions is technique-limited. Here, we introduce phageFISH – a markedly improved geneFISH protocol that increases gene detection efficiency from 40% to > 92% and is optimized for detection and visualization of intra- and extracellular phage DNA. The application of phageFISH to characterize infection dynamics in a marine podovirus–gammaproteobacterial host model system corroborated classical metrics (qPCR, plaque assay, FVIC, DAPI) and outperformed most of them to reveal new biology. PhageFISH detected both replicating and encapsidated (intracellular and extracellular) phage DNA, while simultaneously identifying and quantifying host cells during all stages of infection. Additionally, phageFISH allowed per-cell relative measurements of phage DNA, enabling single-cell documentation of infection status (e.g. early vs late stage infections). Further, it discriminated between two waves of infection, which no other measurement could due to population-averaged signals. Together, these findings richly characterize the infection dynamics of a novel model phage–host system, and debut phageFISH as a much-needed tool for studying phage–host interactions in the laboratory, with great promise for environmental surveys and lineage-specific population ecology of free phages.
Social Cognition and Revictimization Risk

ABSTRACT The ability to accurately detect violations in social contracts likely helps people to avoid or to withdraw from relationships in which they are at risk of being cheated or harmed. Betrayal trauma theory argues that detecting violations of social contracts may be counter-productive to survival under certain conditions, such as when a victim is dependent on a perpetrator. When dependent on a perpetrator (as in the case of child abuse perpetrated by a caregiver), the victim may be better able to preserve the necessary attachment with the caregiver by remaining unaware of the abuse. Thus, the victim may develop a compromised capacity to detect violations of social contracts in the caregiving relationship. Over time, the victim may develop more generalized problems detecting violations in social exchange rules; in turn, generalized problems in detecting violations of social contracts may increase risk for later victimization. Participants in the current study were asked to detect violations in three types of conditional (if-then) rules: abstract, social contract (rules involving a social exchange), and precautionary (rules involving safety). Young adults who reported experiences of revictimization made more errors on social contract and precautionary problems than a no revictimization group; group performance did not differ for abstract problems, suggesting these findings are not explained by general deficits in conditional reasoning. Pathological dissociation significantly predicted errors on social contract and precautionary problems.
Gas and dust in the Cloverleaf quasar at redshift 2.5

We observed the upper fine structure line of neutral carbon, C I( 3 P2! 3 P1 )( rest = 809 GHz), the 12 CO(J= 3! 2) line (rest= 345 GHz) and the 1.2 mm continuum emission from H1413+117 (Cloverleaf quasar, z= 2:5) using the IRAM inter- ferometer. Together with the detection of the lower fine structure line (Barvainis et al. 1997), the Cloverleaf quasar is now only the second extragalactic system, besides M 82, where both carbon lines have convincingly been detected. Our analysis shows that the carbon lines are optically thin and have an excitation temperature of Tex 30 K. CO is subthermally excited and the observed line luminosity ratios are consistent with n(H2) 10 3 4 cm 3 at Tkin= 30-50 K. Using three independent methods (C I, dust, CO) we derive a total molecular gas mass (corrected for magnification) of M(H2) 1.2 0.3 10 10 M. Our observations suggest that the molecular disk extends beyond the region seen in CO(7-6) to a zone of more moderately excited molecular gas that dominates the global emission in C I and the low J CO lines. described by a 3-level system. This allows us to derive its ex- citation and to constrain the physical gas conditions by obser- vations of the C I( 3 P1! 3 P0) and C I( 3 P2! 3 P1) transitions only. We compare our results from C I with estimates based on ther- mal dust emission and CO. We use H0= 75 km s 1 Mpc 1 and q0= 0:5.
EEG sensorimotor rhythms’ variation and functional connectivity measures during motor imagery: linear relations and classification approaches

Hands motor imagery (MI) has been reported to alter synchronization patterns amongst neurons, yielding variations in the mu and beta bands’ power spectral density (PSD) of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. These alterations have been used in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), in an attempt to assign distinct MI tasks to commands of such a system. Recent studies have highlighted that information may be missing if knowledge about brain functional connectivity is not considered. In this work, we modeled the brain as a graph in which each EEG electrode represents a node. Our goal was to understand if there exists any linear correlation between variations in the synchronization patterns—that is, variations in the PSD of mu and beta bands—induced by MI and alterations in the corresponding functional networks. Moreover, we (1) explored the feasibility of using functional connectivity parameters as features for a classifier in the context of an MI-BCI; (2) investigated three different types of feature selection (FS) techniques; and (3) compared our approach to a more traditional method using the signal PSD as classifier inputs. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. We observed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with values ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 between PSD variations and functional network alterations for some electrodes, prominently in the beta band. The PSD method performed better for data classification, with mean accuracies of (90 ± 8)% and (87 ± 7)% for the mu and beta band, respectively, versus (83 ± 8)% and (83 ± 7)% for the same bands for the graph method. Moreover, the number of features for the graph method was considerably larger. However, results for both methods were relatively close, and even overlapped when the uncertainties of the accuracy rates were considered. Further investigation regarding a careful exploration of other graph metrics may provide better alternatives.
Fast Sweeping Algorithms for a Class of Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

We derive a Godunov-type numerical flux for the class of strictly convex, homogeneous Hamiltonians that includes $H(p,q)=\sqrt{ap^{2}+bq^{2}-2cpq},$ $c^{2}<ab. $ We combine our Godunov numerical fluxes with simple Gauss--Seidel-type iterations for solving the corresponding Hamilton--Jacobi (HJ) equations. The resulting algorithm is fast since it does not require a sorting strategy as found, e.g., in the fast marching method. In addition, it providesa way to compute solutions to a class of HJ equations for which the conventional fast marching method is not applicable. Our experiments indicate convergence after a few iterations, even in rather difficult cases.
Modulation of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor expression for increased adenoviral transgene expression.

An important determinant of gene transfer efficacy with adenoviral vectors is expression of the primary receptor, the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor. Unfortunately, expression may often be low in advanced clinical cancers, including ovarian, colorectal, lung, prostate, and breast cancer. In this study we investigated the feasibility of increasing transgene expression by incubating ovarian cancer cells with various agents and then performing transgene expression analysis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR were subsequently performed for correlation with receptor and mRNA up-regulation. Furthermore, the results were confirmed in purified clinical ovarian cancer specimens. Possible clinical application was tested using i.p. administration in an orthotopic ovarian cancer animal model. This approach could be useful for increasing adenoviral transgene expression in the context of clinical trials.
The effect of ostracism by strangers on romantic relationship evaluations

Dvir, Maayan. M.S., Purdue University, August 2014. The Effect of Ostracism by Strangers on Romantic Relationship Evaluations. Major Professor: Kipling D. Williams. One behavioral consequence of ostracism is to seek and strengthen connections with others. The current research tests whether a brief episode of ostracism by strangers strengthens targeted individuals’ perceptions of their romantic relationship and increases their desire to be closer to their partner. In Study 1a and Study 1b, participants were either included or ostracized by strangers in a Cyberball game, and then completed relationship evaluation measures. Interactions of ostracism and gender emerged, suggesting that as hypothesized, ostracized women tended to evaluate their relationships more positively than included women. However, men who were ostracized tended to evaluate their relationships less positively than those who were included. Study 2 followed similar procedure, and explored control and belonging need-threat and mood as potential mediators, as well as the value of these needs and endorsement of social goals (agentic vs. communal) that may account for this divergent effect of ostracism and gender on relationship evaluations. The Gender X Ostracism interaction was not replicated; however, mediation analyses revealed that threatenedcontrol led ostracized women to perceive their relationship as closer and to desire
Managing a traumatic ventricular septal defect with atrial septal defect occluder device

Abstract Traumatic ventricular septal defects are rare complications of blunt and penetrating chest trauma. Patients are usually referred because of shock or cardiac tamponade. Focusing on the critical condition of the patient leads to missing the presence of traumatic ventricular septal defects. In this case report, we introduce a patient with a large traumatic ventricular septal defect, which was diagnosed 40 days after a penetrating cardiac trauma and was finally treated with transcatheter closure.
Experimenting with PlayVR, a virtual reality experience for the world of theater

This paper describes the experimentation with the users of PlayVR, an educational experience focused on the world of theater and based on the use of virtual reality. The PlayVR project explores several dimensions of this domain, corresponding to different levels of cognitive and emotional involvement: from the simple tour through the locations of a well-known Italian theater to the possibility of exploring the different sceneries and to interact with the characters of a play. The two exploratory studies presented in this paper have been focused on engagement, embodiment and presence, which are fundamental for the definition of a VR experience targeted to the world of theater. The results of the studies gave experimental confirmation of what is available in literature, but gave also suggestions for the exploration of novel research issues. Overall, they were very useful for the future development of PlayVR, guiding the choice through the different design solutions and also the often contrasting technology options available for virtual reality.
Comments on "A small-signal MOSFET model for radio frequency IC applications"

For original paper see E. Abou-Allam and T. Manku, ibid., vol.16, pp.437-47 (1997). A comparison is provided between the recent small-signal analysis for the distributed gate resistance in MOSFET's at RF frequencies and the lumped-element model of an earlier publication for various CMOS technologies. An improved lumped-element model is also proposed. It is demonstrated that simplified lumped-element circuits are adequate for modeling the effect of distributed gate resistance on both the y parameters and the thermal noise.
Acrolein Impairs ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1-dependent Cholesterol Export from Cells through Site-specific Modification of Apolipoprotein A-I*

Acrolein is a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, but the factors that control its reactions with nucleophilic groups on proteins remain poorly understood. Lipid peroxidation and threonine oxidation by myeloperoxidase are potential sources of acrolein during inflammation. Because both pathways are implicated in atherogenesis and high density lipoprotein (HDL) is anti-atherogenic, we investigated the possibility that acrolein might target the major protein of HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), for modification. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated that lysine 226, located near the center of helix 10 in apoA-I, was the major site modified by acrolein. Importantly, this region plays a critical role in the cellular interactions and ability of apoA-I to transport lipid. Indeed, we found that conversion of Lys-226 to Nϵ-(3-methylpyridinium)lysine by acrolein associated quantitatively with decreased cholesterol efflux from cells via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 pathway. In the crystal structure of truncated apoA-I, Glu-234 lies adjacent to Lys-226, suggesting that negatively charged residues might direct the modification of specific lysine residues in proteins. Finally, immunohistochemical studies with a monoclonal antibody revealed co-localization of apoA-I with acrolein adducts in human atherosclerotic lesions. Our observations suggest that acrolein might interfere with normal reverse cholesterol transport by HDL by modifying specific sites in apoA-I. Thus, acrolein might contribute to atherogenesis by impairing cholesterol removal from the artery wall.
The role of fenofibrate in clinical practice

Clinical guidelines highlight the importance of dyslipidaemia management for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. While statins represent the main focus of therapy, there is increasing evidence that the addition of a fibrate such as fenofibrate provides further reduction in risk. Fenofibrate also offers a number of benefits beyond lipid modification; these are mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) activation and appear to be independent of effects of glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, as shown by the Fenofibrate Intervention for Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study, fenofibrate treatment has promising effects in preventing progression of diabetes-related microvascular complications. PPARα is critical to lipid metabolism in the liver. Recent findings which showed that pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist with weak PPARα activity, improved fatty liver disease in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes have prompted interest in whether more potent PPARα agonists, such as fenofibrate, may have a role in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The combination of fenofibrate and a statin is well tolerated, with no apparent increase in the risk of myopathy, unlike gemfibrozil-statin combination therapy. In overview, the available evidence indicates that the combination of fenofibrate with a statin is a useful approach for optimising reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, as well as delaying the progression of diabetes-related microvascular complications. Data are awaited from the ongoing Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study to evaluate the outcome benefits of this approach.
Inquiry training model in teaching social studies

The present investigation was an attempt to study the effectiveness of two teaching strategies ; namely, Inquiry Training Model and Traditional Method of teaching, for developing process skills in geography. This experimental study was conducted on a sample of 480 female students of ninth class. The statistical treatment in terms of t-values indicated that the students who were taught through the Inquiry Training Model exhibited significantly more achievement in developing process skills in geography as compared to their counterparts who were treated through the Traditional Method of teaching.
Exploring the Role of the Teacher in Student-Led Literature Circles.

This qualitative study investigated the role of the teacher in student-led literature circles by comparing the types of comments that students made when the teacher was and was not present. Comments were analyzed using specific Essential Academic Learning Requirements (Washington State, 1997) in reading and four other categories including text support, conversation maintenance, off task remarks, or comments made by the teacher. Subjects participated in two different sets of literature circle groups which lasted 6 weeks each. Sixteen discussions were audiotaped and coded. Results indicate that all discussions had the largest number of comments in the categories of comprehension of story ideas and details and reading for literary experience. Groups which met without the teacher made more off-task comments. This study concludes that the teacher's role will vary based upon students' skills and learning needs. Thirteen appendixes are included. (Contains 34 references.) (Author/SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Exploring the Role of the Teacher in Student-Led Literature Circles Carol Sonja Atwood Western Washington University June 2000 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Synaptic connectivity and short term plasticity in healthy and diseased brain: From rodents to humans

To my father … Heiße Magister, heiße Doktor gar Und ziehe schon an die zehen Jahr Herauf, herab und quer und krumm Meine Schüler an der Nase herum – Und sehe, daß wir nichts wissen können! Das will mir schier das Herz verbrennen. CONTENTS Chapter 1 General Introduction 11 Chapter 2 High bandwidth synaptic transmission in human neocortex 39 Chapter 3 Human synapses show a wide temporal window for spike-timing-dependent plasticity 55 Chapter 4 Hyperconnectivity and slow synapses during early development of medial prefrontal cortex in a mouse model for mental retardation and autism 69 Chapter 5 Enhanced long-term microcircuit plasticity in the valproic acid animal model of autism 83 Chapter 6 General Discussion 95 Summary 107 Acknowledgements 115
A FPGA partial reconfiguration design approach for cognitive radio based on NoC architecture

A cognitive radio is the final point of software-defined radio platform evolution : a fully reconfigurable radio that changes its communication modules depending on network and/or user demands. His definition on reconfigurability is very broad and we only focus on the heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware platform for cognitive radio. software defined radio (SDR) basically refers to a set of techniques that permit the reconfiguration of a communication system without the need to change any hardware system element. The goal of Software Defined Radio is to produce communication devices which can support several different services. These terminals must adapt their hardware structure in function of the wireless networks such as GSM, UMTS, wireless LAN standards like IEEE 802.11a/b/g As a consequence, NoC offer good perspectives to future SoC in the way to satisfy SDR concept. Conception, validation and evaluation of solutions for NoC design (mapping of cores, topology, FIFO and link sizes) is conducted through simulations. We are proposing to extend the NoC structure to a FPGA where PR (Partial Reconfiguration) is used to dynamically reconfigure the requested IP block of the telecommunication chain. This work is part of our contribution for E2RII project and IDROMEL project.