Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing Maladaptive Sport Perfectionism as a Function of Gender

The purpose of the present study was to conceptualize maladaptive forms of sport perfectionism by determining the factors (and items within each factor) that best describe this construct among skilled male and female athletes. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduate student athletes ranging in age from 19 to 33 years. A theory-driven four-factor, 18-item Likert-type scale, called the Sport Perfectionism Inventory (SPI), was generated for this study. The factors, each reflecting maladaptive perfectionism to an excessive degree, included the following: concern over mistakes (CM), self-criticism (SC), personal standards (PS), and negative feedback (NF). Results showed that the items were generalizable for both genders, and all correlations between factors in the scale were significant. It was concluded that these dimensions depicted maladaptive sport perfectionism as a function of gender.
An Intersectional Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Stereotypes

We compared perceived cultural stereotypes of diverse groups varying by gender and ethnicity. Using a free-response procedure, we asked 627 U.S. undergraduates to generate 10 attributes for 1 of 17 groups: Asian Americans, Blacks, Latinos, Middle Eastern Americans, or Whites; men or women; or 10 gender-by-ethnic groups (e.g., Black men or Latina women). Based on intersectionality theory and social dominance theory, we developed and tested three hypotheses. First, consistent with the intersectionality hypothesis, gender-by-ethnic stereotypes contained unique elements that were not the result of adding gender stereotypes to ethnic stereotypes. Second, in support of an ethnicity hypothesis, stereotypes of ethnic groups were generally more similar to stereotypes of the men than of the women in each group. Third, a gender hypothesis postulated that stereotypes of men and women will be most similar to stereotypes of White men and White women, less similar to ethnic minority men and ethnic minority women, and least similar to Black men and Black women. This hypothesis was confirmed for target women, but results for target men were mixed. Collectively, our results contribute to research, theory, and practice by demonstrating that ethnic and gender stereotypes are complex and that the intersections of these social categories produce meaningful differences in the way groups are perceived.
Charter School Barriers: Do Enrollment Requirements Limit Student Access to Charter Schools?

The potential of the charter school movement to positively influence traditional public education lies in the ability of charter school officials to provide all students access to the curriculum. The aim of this study was to document potential registration and enrollment barriers incorporated into the practices of Colorado charter schools. The barriers discussed in this article include parent commitment requirements, fees, registration, and lottery information. The findings from this study suggest that Colorado charter schools have created specific barriers to registration that could impede some students from fully participating in charter schools. The researchers conclude the study with a call for charter schools to increase transparency related to every aspect of the registration and enrollment process and work to eliminate the identified barriers.
Detecting Semantic Ambiguity Alternative Readings in Treebanks

In this article, we investigate ambiguity in syntactic annotation. The ambiguity in question is inherent in a way that even human annotators interpret the meaning differently. In our experiment, we detect potential structurally ambiguous sentences with Constraint Grammar rules. In the linguistic phenomena we investigate, structural ambiguity is primarily caused by word order. The potentially ambiguous particle or adverbial is located between the main verb and the (participial) NP. After detecting the structures, we analyze how many of the potentially ambiguous cases are actually ambiguous using the double-blind method. We rank the sentences captured by the rules on a 1 to 5 scale to indicate which reading the annotator regards as the primary one. The results indicate that 67% of the sentences are ambiguous. Introducing ambiguity in the treebank/parsebank increases the informativeness of the representation since both correct analyses are presented. 1 LiLT Volume 7, Issue 17, January 2012. Detecting Semantic Ambiguity. Copyright c © 2012, CSLI Publications. 2 / LiLT volume 7, issue 17 January 2012
Enhancement of sexual boundaries: An online awareness project

Five-hundred forty four students from an urban southwestern University underwent a sexual aggression beliefs and behaviors evaluation and subsequent online intervention. Approximately three-quarters of male and female students experienced a sexual boundary violation during the past year. Though male and female students were equally as likely to experience inappropriate sexual attention and/or contact, female students were significantly more likely to experience attempted and/or completed anal and vaginal rape and significantly most frequently after an explicit verbal indication of objection such as “no.” Less than 10% of persons who experienced or enacted acts that met the legal threshold of a crime reported that the act would be defined as such. Thus, it may be that a large amount of college students are incapable of identifying personal victimizations or that sexually aggressive behavior has become more normative in the typical college sexual escapade. The modalities that were implemented exceeded those previously explored (i.e. lying and manipulating the victim directly) to include the use of technology, bets or dares, sexual scare tactics, and social vengeance. When the mechanisms for sexual aggression were explored, it appeared that aggressors typically acted out due to availability of victims and difficulty controlling their sexual urges, thus, traditional awareness efforts that attempt to alter attitudes in an effort to prevent sexual aggression seem ill-fitted to the college population. However, difficulty discerning objection from consent was associated with an increased risk of victimization, self-blame for victimization, and cognitive justification for aggressive behavior. Personality played a major role in intervention receptivity; students who were conscientious were more
Distributed Leadership in Higher Education

In this article we present findings from research in 12 UK universities that sought to capture a range of perspectives on `distributed leadership' and reveal common and competing experiences within and between institutions. From analysis of findings we identified two principle approaches to the distribution of leadership: `devolved', associated with top-down influence, and `emergent', associated with bottom-up and horizontal influence. We argue that while literature on distributed leadership largely promotes the latter, the former is equally (if not more) significant in terms of how leadership is actually enacted and perceived within universities. We conclude, therefore, that as a description of leadership practice, the concept of `distributed leadership' offers little more clarity than `leadership' alone. As an analytic framework it is a more promising concept drawing attention to the broader contextual, temporal and social dimensions of leadership. Fundamentally, though, we argue that distributed leadership is most influential through its rhetorical value whereby it can be used to shape perceptions of identity, participation and influence but can equally shroud the underlying dynamics of power within universities.
Modulation of Early Perceptual Processing by Emotional Expression and Acquired Valence of Faces: An ERP Study

Modulation of early perceptual processing by emotional expression and the affective valence of faces was explored in an event-related potential (ERP) study. An associative procedure was used where different neutral faces changed to happy, to angry or, in a control condition, stayed the same. Based on these changes in expression, participants had then to identify each neutral face as belonging to a friendly, hostile, or neutral individual. ERP measures revealed modulations at occipital-temporal sites of the P100 and N170 components by both the emotional expression and the valence of the associated neutral faces. The early posterior negativity (EPN) component, however, was only sensitive to emotional expression. These results are consistent with previous findings showing that emotional expression influences face perception since early stages of visual processing and provide new evidence that this influence can also be transferred to neutral faces through associative learning.
Enhancing the secrecy performance in MIMO wiretap channels: A novel transmit antenna selection scheme

In this paper, a novel transmit antenna selection scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wiretap channels is proposed. This new scheme achieves higher secrecy performance by exploiting eavesdropper's channel state information. The key idea behind our proposal is to perform the antenna selection aiming to maximize the overall secrecy rate instead of maximizing the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio of the main channel. In our analysis, we assume that the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper employ a maximal-ratio combining technique to combine the received signals from the transmitter. Considering Nakagami-m fading channels, a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived, which can be used as a quality of service metric. Further, an asymptotic analysis is carried out and the diversity/array gains are obtained. The ergodic secrecy rate is also investigated for the case of multiple input single output wiretap channels. Representative numerical examples are plotted and validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Insightful discussions are drawn from the proposed analysis.
Comparative analysis of the oxidative stress and antioxidant status in type II diabetics and nondiabetics: A biochemical study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia along with biochemical alterations of glucose and lipid peroxidation. It produces free radicals that induce lipid peroxidation which acts as an indicator for oxidative stress in the body. The widely used assay for lipid peroxidation involves measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA). Defensive system in the body consists of antioxidant enzymes which help in scavenging free radicals. Two such antioxidant enzymes are reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this study MDA, GSH and SOD are assessed in serum and saliva of age- and sex-matched 33 diabetics and nondiabetics. Objective: (1) To estimate the levels of MDA, GSH and SOD in saliva and serum of both diabetics and nondiabetics. (2) To correlate the levels of MDA, GSH and SOD in saliva and serum of both diabetics and nondiabetics. (3) To find if serum levels of MDA, GSH and SOD can be predicted from values of the same in saliva, in both groups. Materials and Methods: Whole unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples obtained after 12 h of overnight fast were transported to the designated laboratory chosen for the study. Supernatants of the centrifuged samples were used for the assays of MDA, GSH and SOD. Results: A significant correlation was obtained between serum and saliva values of MDA and GSH, hence the prediction of serum MDA and GSH was possible from their subsequent saliva values. Although the levels of serum and salivary SOD showed a weak positive correlation, prediction of SOD was not possible. Conclusion: Saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool for the estimation of MDA, GSH and SOD.
Relationship between Broadcasting Media and Minor League Hockey Game Attendance

This study assessed the relationship between broadcasting and the attendance of minor league hockey games in terms of 5 media forms: cable television broadcasting, commercial television broadcasting, radio broadcasting, broadcasters, and overall broadcasting media. A random sample of spectators (N = 2,225) responded to a survey on attendance level and media use conducted in the arena during the intermissions of games from 6 second-half 1994-1995 season home games of an International Hockey League (ML) team. CM-square, f-test, and regression analyses revealed that viewing home games on cable television and away games on commercial television, listening to games on radio, and the quality of television and cable broadcasters were all positively associated with attendance, with approximately 6-11% game attendance variance explained. It is concluded that the current broadcasting arrangement is positively related to game attendance in providing information for and increasing the interests of spectators.
Particle methods for change detection, system identification, and control

Particle methods are a set of powerful and versatile simulation-based methods to perform optimal state estimation in nonlinear non-Gaussian state-space models. The ability to compute the optimal filter is central to solving important problems in areas such as change detection, parameter estimation, and control. Much recent work has been done in these areas. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of them.
Project to Build Programs that Understand

This extended abstract outlines a project to build computer programs that understand. Understanding a domain is defined as the ability to rapidly produce computer programs to deal with new problems as they arise. This is achieved by building a CAD tool that collaborates with human designers who guide the system to construct code having certain properties. The code respects Occam's Razor, interacts with a domain simulation, and is informed by a number of mechanisms learned from introspection, the coding employed in biology, and analysis.
2MASS J22521073–1730134: A Resolved L/T Binary at 14 Parsecs

NICMOS images of the nearby late-type L dwarf 2MASS J22521073-1730134 (DENIS-P J225210.73-173013.4) show that it is a close double, separation 0. ″13. The companion is 1.0 mag fainter than the primary in the F110W passband and 1.55 mag fainter in the F170M images. The latter passband is centered on the 1.6 μm methane band. The small separation and the absence of an optical counterpart suggest that the two sources are associated; the relatively blue infrared color suggests that 2MASS J22521073-1730134B is a T-type binary companion of the late-L primary. This hypothesis is supported by infrared spectroscopy, which shows weak methane absorption in both the H and K passbands. We estimate a distance of 13.6 pc to the system and a projected linear separation of 1.75 AU. We consider the potential for measuring dynamical masses of the two components.
The efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with tuberculous pleurisy. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Clinical trials of corticosteroids compared with control were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Ten studies (6 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 4 non-RCTs) with 957 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the controls (placebos or non-steroids), adjunctive corticosteroid use reduced the risk of residual pleural fluid after 4 weeks and the number of days to symptom improvement; however, there was no convincing evidence to support the positive effects of corticosteroids over the long term (8 weeks) on residual pleural fluid, pleural thickening, or pleural adhesions, and there was no statistical difference between the corticosteroid group and control group with respect to 7-days relief of the clinical symptoms or death from any cause. In addition, more adverse events were observed in patients who received corticosteroids than in those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adjunctive corticosteroid use did not improve long-term efficacy and might induce more adverse events, although the risk of residual pleural fluid at 4 weeks and the number of days to symptom improvement were reduced.
Indoxyl sulfate suppresses hepatic fetuin-A expression via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in HepG2 cells.

BACKGROUND Fetuin-A is a liver-derived circulating protein that has potent calcification-inhibitory activity. Uraemic patients exhibit decreased serum fetuin-A levels, increased vascular calcification and elevated cardiovascular mortality. Because the mechanisms for fetuin-A deficiency are unknown, we hypothesized that some uraemic toxins suppressed hepatic fetuin-A production, which resulted in accelerated vascular calcification and poor outcome. Among these potential candidates, indoxyl sulfate (IS) has highly toxic properties. METHODS We examined the direct effects of IS on hepatic fetuin-A expression using the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. RESULTS IS, but not p-cresyl sulfate, suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As reported previously, IS stimulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, although the knockdown of p38 and inhibition of ROS generation had no effect on IS-induced fetuin-A suppression. Then, because IS is a potent endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), we assessed whether IS suppresses fetuin-A production via AhR. The knockdown of AhR prevented IS-induced fetuin-A suppression. However, some attention should be paid to no effect of IS on fetuin-A expression in mouse and human primary cultured hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IS could suppress hepatic fetuin-A expression by activating AhR, suggesting a relationship between uraemia and fetuin-A deficiency.
Grid-enabled automatic construction of a two-chamber cardiac PDM from a large database of dynamic 3D shapes

Point distribution modelling (PDM) is an efficient generative technique that can be used to incorporate statistical shape priors into image analysis methods like active shape models (ASMs) or active appearance models (AAMs). They are described by a set of landmarks usually manually pinpointed in a training set. Frangi et al. (2002) have proposed an automatic auto-landmarking technique capable of dealing with multi-object arrangements. In this paper, we present an experimental extension of this previous work, validating the method provided. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: A two-chamber shape model of the heart is constructed from a large data-set comprising 90 subjects and considering 5 phases of the cardiac cycle. The computational demand of our technique is addressed using grid computing. The results of our experiments suggest that the method presented in a paper by Frangi et al. (2002) as a proof-of-concept, can truly cope with the large inter-subject and inter-phase deformations present in clinical cardiac data sets including pathologies. The achieved accuracy in our validation is comparable to the former tests.
Anhedonic depression, history of depression, and anxiety as gender-specific risk factors of myocardial infarction in healthy men and women: The HUNT study

This prospective study examines gender-specific psychological risk factors of myocardial infarction. Out of 41,248 participants free of coronary heart disease at baseline, 822 cases of myocardial infarction were identified in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study or the mortality register. The participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist–hip ratio were measured by medical staff. Smoking, diabetes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and history of depressive episode were self-reported. Anhedonic depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-D ≥8) was a significant predictor of myocardial infarction in women but not in men. Gender difference in risk estimate based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-D was significant (p < .01). History of depressive episode was a significant predictor of myocardial infarction in men. Symptoms of anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-A ≥8) reduced the risk of having a myocardial infarction.
The structuration of gender and deviance: a power-control theory of vulnerability to crime and the search for deviant role exits

Cet article reunit la theorie de structuration et la theorie du pouvoir-controle dans le but d'expliquer les differences dues au genre dans la vulnerabilite au crime ainsi que dans ce que l'on appelle la recherche de sortie par role deviant, y compris les pensees sur le depart de la maison et sur le suicide. La jonction de ces deux theories concentre l'attention sur la dualite des structures dans lesquels les meres et les filles sont e la fois vehicule et resultat du controle social domestique, et sur le contrat social patriarchique absolu dans lequel la liberte qu'on les femmes de prendre des risques est en effet echangee contre une reduction de leurs vulnerabilites au crime. Une analyse de donnees obtenues d'un echantillon d'adolescentes et de leurs meres demontre que le meme controle domestique qui reduit la vulnerabilite des femmes face au crime, et qui aide a renouveller les structures patriarchiques familiales, agit aussi comme contrevenant a la sortie de ces structures familiales par role deviant. En raison de leurs capacites de reproduire le controle domestique des femmes, les structures patriarchiques de la famille sont probablement plus susceptibles au changement de l'exterieur que de l'interieur. Cet article offre une perspective nouvelle sur les differences dues au genre quant a la detresse. This paper joins structuration theory and power-control theory to explain gender differences in vulnerability to crime and corresponding differences in what we call the search for deviant role exits, including thoughts about leaving home and suicide. The joining of these theories focusses attention on a duality of structure in which mothers and daughters are both mediums and outcomes of domestic social control, and on an implicit patriarchal social contract in which the freeness of women to take risks in effect is exchanged for a reduced vulnerability to criminal harm. An analysis of data gathered from adolescents and their mothers demonstrates that the same domestic controls that reduce female vulnerability to crime, and that help to reproduce patriarchal family structures, also act to repress a search for deviant role exits from these family structures. Because of their power to socially reproduce the domestic control of women, patriarchal family structures may be more susceptible to change from without than within. This paper offers a new perspective on gender differences in distress.
A new PCA similarity factor based on elliptical principal angle

Measuring the similarity between two different PCA models is a key step in pattern matching, monitoring of processes with multiple operating conditions and other applications. This paper first explains the limitations of several existing methods for measuring the similarity of PCA models through a comprehensive comparison based on simulation, then defines the elliptical principal angle, based on which, a new PCA similarity factor capable of reflecting both the gradual rotation and the gradual eigenvalue change of a PCA model sensitively and smoothly is proposed.