Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Host-Independent Supervised Machine Learning Approach to Automated Overload Detection in Virtual Machine Workloads

This paper evaluates a mechanism for applying machine learning (ML) to identify over-constrained IaaS virtual machines (VMs). Herein, over-constrained VMs are defined as those who are not given sufficient system resources to meet their workload specific objective functions. To validate our approach, a variety of workload-specific benchmarks inspired by common Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud workloads were used. Workloads were run while regularly sampling VM resource consumption features exposed by the hypervisor. Datasets were curated into nominal or over-constrained and used to train ML classifiers to determine VM over-constraint rules based on one-time workload analysis. Rules learned on one host are transferred with the VM to other host environments to determine portability. Key contributions of this work include: demonstrating which VM resource consumption metrics (features) prove most relevant to learned decision trees in this context, and a technique required to generalize this approach across hosts while limiting required up front training expenditure to a single VM and host. Other contributions include a rigorous explanation of the differences in learned rulesets as a function of feature sampling rates, and an analysis of the differences in learned rulesets as a function of workload variation. Feature correlation matrices and their corresponding generated rule sets demonstrate individual features comprising rule sets tend to show low cross-correlation (below 0.4) while no individual feature shows high direct correlation with classification. Our system achieves workload-specific error percentages below 2.4% with a mean error across workloads of 1.43% (and strong false negative bias) for a variety of synthetic, representative, cloud workloads tested.
PARM: A NOVEL POSITIVE ASSOCIATION RULE MINING ALGORITHM FOR DISCOVERING MALEVOLENT APPLICATIONS IN WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEMS

-The most important vulnerability to the current World Wide Web is the malevolent applications. Generally, these applications are used for interrupting the normal functioning of a system and accessing unprivileged and confidential data and other wicked activities. Malevolent applications were primitively designed to spread from one host to another, but in recent past their behavior has converted to complex, highly developed, sophisticated nature to pinch personal and confidential data. Also, some of these applications can be more dangerous by infecting organizations and steal identities. An application can be efficiently categorized as malevolent or normal application by observing the characteristics of the application while it is executing in the host. The majority of the present methods for discovering malevolent applications make use of the information present in the system calls. The projected work discovers malevolent application by using the order in which the system calls are being made by the application. A 5 th order Markov chain is chosen for representing the transition of system calls. This attribute set is used for differentiating malevolent and normal applications. Positive Association Rule Mining (PARM) uses the attributes that are available in the dataset and also results in higher detection rate and detection time than traditional data mining methods like Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB). Not all but only the core system calls are monitored to sustain high detection rate and detection time. The efficiency of PARM is increased by avoiding redundant rules. The performance of PARM is evaluated by measuring the detection rate and detection time and comparing them with those of some of the present data mining based systems for discovering malevolent applications. PARM has been implemented and observed that it performs better than the existing techniques for discovering malevolent applications.
One year of SSL internet measurement

Over the years, SSL/TLS has become an essential part of internet security. As such, it should offer robust and state-of-the-art security, in particular for HTTPS, its first application. Theoretically, the protocol allows for a trade-off between secure algorithms and decent performance. Yet in practice, servers do not always support the latest version of the protocol, nor do they all enforce strong cryptographic algorithms. To assess the quality of HTTPS servers in the wild, we enumerated HTTPS servers on the internet in July 2010 and July 2011. We sent several stimuli to the servers to gather detailed information. We then analysed some parameters of the collected data and looked at how they evolved. We also focused on two subsets of TLS hosts within our measure: the trusted hosts (possessing a valid certificate at the time of the probing) and the EV hosts (presenting a trusted, so-called Extended Validation certificate). Our contributions rely on this methodology: the stimuli we sent, the criteria we studied and the subsets we focused on. Moreover, even if EV servers present a somewhat improved certificate quality over the TLS hosts, we show they do not offer overall high quality sessions, which could and should be improved.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Brown Marine Macroalga, Sargassum Muticum Aqueous Extract

Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is a relatively new emerging field of nanotechnology which has economic and eco-friendly benefits over chemical and physical processes of synthesis. In the present work, for the first time, the brown marine algae Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) aqueous extract was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of nanostructure silver particles (Ag-NPs). Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized systematically by using FTIR, XRD, TEM and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The formation of Ag-NPs was confirmed through the presence of an intense absorption peak at 420 nm using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. A TEM image showed that the particles are spherical in shape with size ranging from 5 to 15 nm. The nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. This was confirmed by the XRD pattern. From the FTIR results, it can be seen that the reduction has mostly been carried out by sulphated polysaccharides present in S. muticum.
An Examination and Extension of the Zone-of-Tolerance Model

The purpose of this study was to extend the examination of alternative conceptual models of perceived quality. The specific models examined were performance-based models and the Zone-of-Tolerance model. First, the authors specify the alternative models along with broadening the theoretical conceptualization of the Zone-of-Tolerance model and its diagnostic value under several theoretically possible scenarios. Second, empirical models comparison tests are conducted. The empirical tests indicate considerable support for the parsimonious performance-based models of perceived quality in predicting perceived value and purchase intentions. However, evidence was found that the performance standards components of the Zone-of-Tolerance model may increase the explanatory power of performance-based models in the prediction of consumer satisfaction.
Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in combination with antiangiogenic therapy: A phase I trial of bortezomib plus bevacizumab

Purpose We hypothesized that bortezomib, an agent that suppresses HIF-1α transcriptional activity, when combined with bevacizumab, would obviate the HIF-1α resistance pathway. The objectives of this phase I trial were to assess safety and biological activity of this combination. Experimental Design Patients with advanced, refractory malignancies were eligible. Patients received bevacizumab and bortezomib (3-week cycle) with dose expansions permitted if responses were seen and for assessing correlates. Pharmacodynamic assessment included plasma VEGF, VEGFR2, 20S proteasome inhibition, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and HIF-1α tumor expression. Results Ninety-one patients were treated (median=6 prior treatments). The FDA-approved doses of both drugs were safely reached, and the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) is bevacizumab 15 mg/kg with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2. Four patients attained partial response (PR) and seven patients achieved stable disease (SD) ≥6 months (Total SD≥6 months/PR=11 (12%)). The most common drug-related toxicities included thrombocytopenia (23%) and fatigue (19%). DCE-MRI analysis demonstrated no dose-dependent decreases in Ktrans although analysis was limited by small sample size (N=12). Conclusion Combination bevacizumab and bortezomib is well-tolerated and has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with previously treated advanced malignancy. Pharmacodynamic assessment suggests that inhibition of angiogenic activity was achieved.
Mate Searching in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Genetic Model for Sex Drive in a Simple Invertebrate

Much of animal behavior is regulated to accomplish goals necessary for survival and reproduction. Little is known about the underlying motivational or drive states that are postulated to mediate such goal-directed behaviors. Here, we describe a mate-searching behavior of the Caenorhabditis elegans male that resembles the motivated behaviors of vertebrates. Adult C. elegans males, if isolated from mating partners, will leave the area of a food source and wander about their environment in an apparent search for a mate. When mating partners are present on the food source, males do not wander but remain with them. This behavior is sexually dimorphic for C. elegans and two additional male/hermaphrodite species studied; for these species, hermaphrodites leave food significantly slower than males. In contrast, for three male-female species examined, both males and females left food, in two cases with similar frequency, suggesting coordinate evolution of behavioral dimorphism with hermaphroditism. We use a quantitative behavioral assay to show that C. elegans male mate searching is regulated by signals from hermaphrodites and by physiological signals indicating nutritional and reproductive status. We identify genes in the serotonin, insulin, and sex determination pathways that affect the rate of mate searching. These genes may contribute to physiological and reproductive regulatory mechanisms. Our results establish C. elegans as a model genetic animal with a simple nervous system in which neural pathways leading to a motivated behavior may be genetically dissected.
Contribution of the potassium–chloride co‐transporter KCC2 to the modulation of lumbar spinal networks in mice

Spontaneous activity is observed in most developing neuronal circuits, such as the retina, hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord. In the spinal cord, spontaneous activity is important for generating embryonic movements critical for the proper development of motor axons, muscles and synaptic connections. A spontaneous bursting activity can be recorded in vitro from ventral roots during perinatal development. The depolarizing action of the inhibitory amino acids γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine is widely proposed to contribute to spontaneous activity in several immature systems. During development, the intracellular chloride concentration decreases, leading to a shift of equilibrium potential for Cl− ions towards more negative values, and thereby to a change in glycine‐ and γ‐aminobutyric acid‐evoked potentials from depolarization/excitation to hyperpolarization/inhibition. The up‐regulation of the outward‐directed Cl− pump, the neuron‐specific potassium–chloride co‐transporter type 2 KCC2, has been shown to underlie this shift. Here, we investigated whether spontaneous and locomotor‐like activities are altered in genetically modified mice that express only 8–20% of KCC2, compared with wild‐type animals. We show that a reduced amount of KCC2 leads to a depolarized equilibrium potential for Cl− ions in lumbar motoneurons, an increased spontaneous activity and a faster locomotor‐like activity. However, the left–right and flexor–extensor alternating pattern observed during fictive locomotion was not affected. We conclude that neuronal networks within the spinal cord are more excitable in KCC2 mutant mice, which suggests that KCC2 strongly modulates the excitability of spinal cord networks.
The People's Farm: English Radical Agrarianism, 1775-1840

Agrarianism Thomas Spence - Newcastle, 1750-1787 Spence in London, 1788-1814 agrarians and revolutionaries - Spencean philanthropy, 1814-1820 agrarian ideas in radical politics - the 1820s and 1830s precepts in practice designed for the support of mankind. Bibliogrpahy. Index.
Sialylated immunoglobulin G can neutralize influenza virus infection through receptor mimicry

Influenza viruses possess a great threat to human health, but there is still no effective drug to deal with the outbreak of possible new influenza subtypes. In this study, we first fractionated sialylated immunoglobulin G (IgG), mainly Fab sialylated fraction, with sambucus nigra agglutinin affinity chromatography. We then demonstrated that sialylated IgG possessed more effective neutralizing activity against 2009 A (H1N1) subtype than that of IgG mixture, and sialosides on the Fab is crucial in this neutralization reaction as when such residues were removed with neuraminidase A digestion the blocking effect was significantly reduced. It appears that sialic acid residues attached to Fab could serve as binding moieties to receptor binding site of influenza virus. These findings indicate that sialylated IgG probably is an effective anti-influenza broad-spectrum drug utilizing its receptor mimicry to competitively inhibit the attachment of influenza viruses with sialic acid receptors on target cells. This property would be particularly useful if it can be applied to prevent newly emerged influenza virus strain infections in future epidemics.
Intraoperative Device Closure Atrial Septal Defect in Adults : Immediate , Short , and Intermediate-Term Results

The intraoperative device closure of the atrial septal defect (ASD) has become an alternative technique to surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate, short, and intermediate-term results of the intraoperative device closure the secundum ASD in adult. Between September 2012 and November 2014, the intraoperative device closure the ASD was attempted in 21 consecutive, adult patients. The mean age of the patients was 17.25 ±20.41years (range =1-62 years). All the procedures were performed under general anesthesia with transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography guidance. The diameter of the ASD was determined with echocardiography, and device selection was based on and matched to the diameter of the septal defect. Transthoracic echocardiography or transesophageal echocardiography was performed immediately after the release of the device and before discharge. Further follow-up at one month, six months, and yearly thereafter included physical examination, chest Xray, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. The mean ASD diameter, as measured by echocardiography, was 11.4± 5.3 mm (range = 532 mm). Deployment of the occluder was successful in 21 (91 %) patients and failed in 2 (9%). Echocardiography at 24 hours, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure showed residual shunts in 0 (0%), 4(19%), 3(14%), and 2 (9%) patients, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, 2 (9%) patients had mild residual shunts: The shunt was small in the 2 (9%). The overall success rate of the intraoperative device closure of the ASD was 91% (19 of 21 cases). The intraoperative device closure of the secundum ASD in our adult patient population was associated with high degrees of success, minimal procedural complication rates, and excellent short and midterm results. Further experience and long-term follow-up are required before a widespread clinical use can be recommended.
TISSUE ENGINEERING OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: PERICHONDRIAL CELLS IN OSTEOCHONDRAL REPAIR

Efforts to expand treatment options for articular cartilage repair have increasingly focused on the implantation of cell polymer constructs. Primary cells cultured from perichondrium, a chondrogenic tissue, were found to survive in vitro within a biodegradable porous polylactic acid matrix. These perichondrocyte-polylactic acid composite grafts were then implanted within osteochondral defects drilled into 3.7 x 5 mm of the left medial femoral condyles of 82 adult New Zealand white rabbits. The repair tissue was evaluated grossly, histologically, histomorphologically, biochemically, and biomechanical-ly at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after implantation. On gross evaluation, cartilaginous material appeared to fill the defect in 70 experimental knees, for an overall repair frequency of 85%. None of the specimens were completely normal at 1 year. Only specimens with subchondral bone formation displayed a definable hyaline cartilage appearing surface with chondrocytes surrounded by dense matrix. Subchondral bone reformation was inconsistent, reaching 50% at 1 year. Biochemically, the repair tissue matured during a 1-year period into a hyaline Type II collagen dominant tissue, whereas glycosaminoglycan content remained low at all periods. The measured compressive properties of the repair tissue at 1 year were not significantly different from those of the contralateral knee that was not surgically treated. The treatment of osteochondral defects in the rabbit knee with allogenic perichondrium cell polylactic acid composite grafts yielded a high percentage of grossly successful repairs that showed inconsistent subchondral bone reformation.
Valve-sparing aortic root replacement†.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate our results of valve-sparing aortic root replacement and associated (multiple) valve repair. METHODS From September 2003 to September 2013, 97 patients had valve-sparing aortic root replacement procedures. Patient records and preoperative, postoperative and recent echocardiograms were reviewed. Median age was 40.3 (range: 13.4-68.6) years and 67 (69.1%) were male. Seven (7.2%) patients were younger than 18 years, the youngest being 13.4 years. Fifty-four (55.7%) had Marfan syndrome, 2 (2.1%) other fibrous tissue diseases, 15 (15.5%) bicuspid aortic valve and 3 (3.1%) had earlier Fallot repair. The reimplantation technique was used in all, with a straight vascular prosthesis in 11 (26-34 mm) and the Valsalva prosthesis in 86 (26-32 mm). Concomitant aortic valve repair was performed in 43 (44.3%), mitral valve repair in 10 (10.3%), tricuspid valve repair in 5 (5.2%) and aortic arch replacement in 3 (3.1%). RESULTS Mean follow-up was 4.2 ± 2.4 years. Follow-up was complete in all. One 14-year old patient died 1.3 years post-surgery presumably of ventricular arrhythmia. One patient underwent reoperation for aneurysm of the proximal right coronary artery after 4.9 years and 4 patients required aortic valve replacement, 3 of which because of endocarditis after 0.1, 0.8 and 1.3 years and 1 because of cusp prolapse after 3.8 years. No thrombo-embolic complications occurred. Mortality, root reoperation and aortic regurgitation were absent in 88.0 ± 0.5% at 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Results of valve-sparing root replacement are good, even in association with a high incidence of concomitant valve repair. Valve-sparing aortic root replacement can be performed at a very young age as long as an adult size prosthesis can be implanted.
Inhomogeneous molecular density: reference packing densities and distribution of cavities within proteins

MOTIVATION There is no consensus in the literature about how the deepest portions of protein structures are packed. Using an improved Voronoi procedure, we calculate reference packing densities for different regions in the protein interior. Furthermore, we want to clarify where cavities are located. RESULTS Sets of reference packing densities are provided for regions in proteins that differ in their distance to the surface and to internal cavities, supplementing previous data. Packing in the protein interior is tight but generally inhomogeneous. There are about 4.4 cavities per 100 amino acids in protein structures, they occur in all regions, most frequently in a depth of 2.5-3.6 A underneath the Connolly surface. However, the deepest protein regions have a lower mean packing density than circumjacent regions, because more contacts to cavities occur in the core. AVAILABILITY/SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Calculation software and detailed packing data are available on request.
Relationship between young children's habitual computer use and influencing variables on socio‐emotional development

This study investigates the relationship between young children's habitual computer use and influencing variables on socio‐emotional development. The participants were 179 five‐year‐old children. The Internet Addiction Scale for Young Children (IASYC) was used to identify children with high and low levels of habituation to computer use. The data for this study were collected using the Socio‐Emotional Development Scale and questionnaires regarding children's computer use at home and in the classroom. Results of this study show that for computer use both in the home and in the classroom, children with a higher score on the IASYC had a lower score on the Socio‐Emotional Development Scale. Conversely, children with a higher score on the Socio‐Emotional Development Scale had a lower score on the Internet Addiction Scale. Moreover, variables regarding children's computer use at home influenced the children's score on level of habituation more than variables of their computer use in the classroom.
Significance of iodide-perchlorate discharge test for detection of iodine organification defect of the thyroid.

ABSTRACT Perchlorate tests were performed after oral administration of radioiodine without carrier iodide (conventional perchlorate test) or with 500 μg of 127I (iodide-perchlorate test). In neither test was there a significant discharge of 131I in control subjects. In subjects treated with l-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole positive discharge was observed with the iodide-perchlorate test, but not with conventional perchlorate test. Of 8 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, only 2 showed positive discharge tests by the conventional perchlorate test, whereas the iodide-perchlorate test was positive in all these patients.
Attachment ratings in couples as predictors of depressive symptomatology postpartum

Objective: To determine how far self and mutual attachment ratings within couples predict postpartum depressive symptomatology. Method: At 20 weeks prepartum (T1) 163 women completed depression, attachment and dyadic adjustment measures. At T1 partners completed the same attachment measure (the Relationship Questionnaire, RQ), completed by women and partners as self-ratings, and also as each believed the other would complete it. At 3 months postpartum (T2) the women again completed the depression measure. Results: Including only those women for whom there were data at T1 and T2, and from the partner at T1, as bivariate correlations women’s depression at T2 was predicted by higher T1 depression, lower dyadic adjustment, lower self-rated RQ-derived ‘model of self’ (MOS) and ‘model of other’ (MOO), and the woman believing that her partner would rate his MOS lower. How the partner rated his own attachment models did not predict the woman’s T2 depression. In a hierarchical regression, T2 depression was predicted by higher T1 depression, the woman’s lower self-rated MOS, and the absolute discrepancy in ratings of her MOS. Conclusions: Both a woman’s self-rated MOS, and discrepancies with how her partner believes she would rate her MOS, uniquely improved the prediction of postpartum depression. The findings suggest that an aspect of partner understanding may contribute to a woman’s adjustment postpartum.