Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Patient Names in Handwritten Clinical Notes in the Absence of Training Data

As physicians and hospitals in the United States switch to electronic forms of record keeping, one of the greatest challenges they face is how to deal with the thousands of handwritten clinical notes already in their possession. Currently the best way to incorporate these notes into electronic databases is to convert them into digital images via scan or fax. However, staff must then manually curate these pages by attaching them to the correct patient files. Optical character recognition of handwritten text images like these fails in most cases because of the variety of handwriting styles involved and the complete lack of labeled, handwritten training data. Here we investigate an approach that addresses this problem by manufacturing pseudo-handwritten training data from multiple computer fonts, which is used to train hidden Markov models for each of 32 different possible patient names. The models are then used to classify handwritten word images of patient names. The handwritten names are classified correctly 64% of the time using this method. We discuss future improvements to the method, as well as the practical details of its implementation within an EMR system. Future Distribution Permission The author(s) of this report give permission for this document to be distributed to Stanfordaffiliated students taking future courses.
Microsurgery for lymphedema: Clinical research and long‐term results

Objectives: To report the wide clinical experience and the research studies in the microsurgical treatment of peripheral lymphedema. Methods: More than 1800 patients with peripheral lymphedema have been treated with microsurgical techniques. Derivative lymphatic microvascular procedures recognize today its most exemplary application in multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomoses (LVA). In case of associated venous disease reconstructive lymphatic microsurgery techniques have been developed. Objective assessment was undertaken by water volumetry and lymphoscintigraphy. Results: Subjective improvement was noted in 87% of patients. Objectively, volume changes showed a significant improvement in 83%, with an average reduction of 67% of the excess volume. Of those patients followed‐up, 85% have been able to discontinue the use of conservative measures, with an average follow‐up of more than 10 years and average reduction in excess volume of 69%. There was a 87% reduction in the incidence of cellulitis after microsurgery. Conclusions: Microsurgical LVA have a place in the treatment of peripheral lymphedema, and should be the therapy of choice in patients who are not sufficiently responsive to nonsurgical treatment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Evolving Collective Driving Behaviors

Recently there has been increased research interest in developing autonomous, adaptive control systems of self-driving vehicles. However, there has been little work on synthesizing collective behaviours for autonomous vehicles that must safely interact and coordinate so as traffic throughput on any given road network is maximized. This work uses neuro-evolution to automate car controller design, testing various vehicle sensor configurations and collective driving behaviours resulting from car interactions on roads without constraints of traffic lights, stop signals at intersections or lanes that vehicles must adhere to and thus simulates potential future scenarios where vehicles must drive autonomously without special road infrastructure constraints. Results indicate that neuro-evolution is an effective method for automatically synthesizing collective driving behaviours that are behaviourally robust across a range of vehicle sensor configurations and generalize to different task environments.
Effect of priming with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the outcome of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND Sensitization of leukemic cells with hematopoietic growth factors may enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS In a multicenter randomized trial, we assigned patients (age range, 18 to 60 years) with newly diagnosed AML to receive cytarabine plus idarubicin (cycle 1) and cytarabine plus amsacrin (cycle 2) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (321 patients) or without G-CSF (319). G-CSF was given concurrently with chemotherapy only. Idarubicin and amsacrin were given at the end of a cycle to allow the cell-cycle-dependent cytotoxicity of cytarabine in the context of G-CSF to have a greater effect. The effect of G-CSF on disease-free survival was assessed in all patients and in cytogenetically distinct prognostic subgroups. RESULTS After induction chemotherapy, the rates of response were not significantly different in the two groups. After a median follow-up of 55 months, patients in complete remission after induction chemotherapy plus G-CSF had a higher rate of disease-free survival than patients who did not receive G-CSF (42 percent vs. 33 percent at four years, P=0.02), owing to a reduced probability of relapse (relative risk, 0.77; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.99; P=0.04). G-CSF did not significantly improve overall survival (P=0.16). Although G-CSF did not improve the outcome in the subgroup with an unfavorable prognosis, the 72 percent of patients with standard-risk AML benefited from G-CSF therapy (overall survival at four years, 45 percent, as compared with 35 percent in the group that did not receive G-CSF [relative risk of death, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.95; P=0.02]; disease-free survival, 45 percent vs. 33 percent [relative risk, 0.70]; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.90; P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Sensitization of leukemic cells with growth factors is a clinically applicable means of enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with AML.
Fully Coupled Temperature-Displacement Simulation of H-Shape Metal Cogging

The ABAQUS6.5 was used to analyze the H-Shape metal cogging,in which the mass scaling and mesh adaptive was utilized to improve the simulation effectiveness.Since the excessive element deformation,the whole cogging process was not simulated successfully.In order to analyze the whole process,a brick-element re-meshing and data mapping technique was presented for simulating the shape-metal rolling and similar process,in which the explicit time integration was selected to analyze the transient roll-pass process and the implicit time integration was selected to analyze the inter-pass transient thermal process.Comparing the results of the second pass of H-shape rolling with that acquired by ABAQUS6.5 proved the effectiveness of the method.
Computational Complexities of University Interview Timetabling

This paper introduces a new timetabling problem on universities, called interview timetabling. In this problem, some constant number, say three, of referees are assigned to each of 2n graduate students. Our task is to construct a presentation timetable of these 2n students using n timeslots and two rooms, so that two students evaluated by the same referee must be assigned to different timeslots. The optimization goal is to minimize the total number of movements of all referees between two rooms. This problem comes from the real world in the interview timetabling in Kyoto University. We propose two restricted models of this problem, and investigate their time complexities.
The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio. Studies during changes in load and inotropism in the human.

Ascending aortic pressures and left ventricular volumes were measured simultaneously in 65 patients in the basal state and during changes:(1)in load by sodium nitroprusside (n = 21) or by angiotensin (n = 6), (2) in inotropism by post-extra-systolic potentiation (PESP)(n = 18) and increase in heart rate (atrial pacing)(n = 20). Thirty patients had normal hearts (group I), 35 had or had had the symptoms left ventricular failure complicating the course of an idiopathic cardiomyopathy (group II). All were in sinus rhythm. The slope of the end-systolic pressure (ESP)—end-systolic volume (ESV) relationship (ETS) and the ESP/ESV. ratio (EES) were greater in group I than in group II. There was no difference between ETS and EES. EES discriminated the normal patients from those with cardiomyopathy as well as (dp/dt) max, [dp/dt)/Pt] max, EF or VCF. In the two groups, EES was independent of loading changes. This ratio increased after post-extra-systolic potentiation and during atrial pacing. Two findings in patients with ventricular failure were unexplained: (1) in 1/3 of the patients EES did not correspond to the maximum value of the instantaneous pressure-volume ratio: (2)the Vd was higher in group II than in group I and close to 48 ml.
Long-Term Measurement of Maternal Pulse Rate Dynamics Using a Home-Based Sleep Monitoring System

Major adaptations occur in the maternal cardiovascular system during pregnancy and after delivery; knowledge of these changes is essential to the health management of pregnant women. This paper presents a longitudinal study and proposes a methodology to monitor daily pulse rates (PRs) and characterize the weekly changes in maternal PRs before and after delivery. PRs were recorded during nightly sleep using an automatic monitoring system. PRs of the nonpregnant woman were taken as a reference. Weekly PR properties were characterized by histogram and a two-Gaussian mixture model. A coupling use of sample entropy and pulse rate was applied to cluster the stages during recovery period after delivery. Results depicted a profile of individual’s cardiac recovery process in late pregnancy and after delivery. The results reveal that maternal PRs show different patterns in various stages of recovery. Later stages of recovery seemed to require a much longer period. The present study introduced a convenient approach in long-term maternal cardiac condition monitoring.
Protein assembly of procollagen and effects of hydroxylation.

Abstract The three polypeptide chains of a precursor of collagen, procollagen, were found to join their NH2-terminal regions in disulfide linkage independently of the state of folding of the remainder of the polypeptide chains. This folding becomes altered from random coil to collagen helix by secondary modification, hydroxylation, of the chains. When hydroxylation was inhibited with α,α'-dipyridyl, chick embryo skull bones synthesized and accumulated such disulfide-linked procollagen. Ultracentrifugal velocity sedimentation analysis of this radioactively labeled material at different temperatures showed that it was in a random coil configuration at chick body temperature: Tm for denaturation was 25°. If hydroxylation was restored, by adding ferric ions, then the previously synthesized procollagen became folded. This was deduced from velocity sedimentation analyses in different concentrations of the denaturant, urea, at constant temperature. Subsequently to hydroxylation the procollagen was proteolytically cleaved, producing collagen in the same sequence as material which was synthesized in the absence of α,α'-dipyridyl. The Tm of normally hydroxylated procollagen was found to be 42°. Therefore hydroxylation of procollagen leads to collagen helix formation at chick body temperature. A technique of differential sedimentation analysis of radioactive macromolecules is described which showed a consistent difference in the sedimentation of hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated procollagens, whether as native triple-stranded molecules, or as denatured triplet chains held together by disulfide linkage, or as single, denatured chains after reduction. This difference approximately corresponds to the difference in mass which accompanies hydroxylation and glycosylation. The disulfide-linked triplet procollagen which was synthesized while hydroxylation was inhibited with α,α'-dipyridyl was shown to contain two polypeptide chains of type pro-α1 and one pro-α2 per molecule. Therefore the portions of each procollagen chain which are additional to the collagen sequence, and which have been called "registration peptides," are able to associate selectively to triplets under conditions which preclude collagen helix formation.
Iterative test-point selection for analog circuits

A method is presented which is useful for functional testing of analog circuits. It selects a set of rest points from a large set of candidate test points by combining a well-known decomposition technique from linear algebra with an iterative algorithm. The influence of random measurement errors is taken into account. Examples demonstrate that the method allows the circuit behavior to be determined with high precision, even in the presence of large measurement errors.
Patterns of spontaneous recovery of neglect and associated disorders in acute right brain-damaged patients

Objectives: The evolutionary pattern of spontaneous recovery from acute neglect was studied by assessing cognitive deficits and motor impairments. Detailed lesion reconstruction was also performed to correlate the presence of and recovery from neglect to neural substrates. Methods: A consecutive series of right brain-damaged (RBD) patients with and without neglect underwent weekly tests in the acute phase of the illness. The battery assessed neglect deficits, neglect-related deficits, and motor impairment. Age-matched normal subjects were also investigated to ascertain the presence of non lateralised attentional deficits. Some neglect patients were also available for later investigation during the chronic phase of their illness. Results: Partial recovery of neglect deficits was observed at the end of the acute period and during the chronic phase. Spatial attention was impaired in acute neglect patients, while non spatial attentional deficits were present in RBD patients with and without acute neglect. A strong association was found between acute neglect and fronto-parietal lesions. Similar lesions were associated with neglect persistence. In the chronic stage, neglect recovery was paralleled by improved motor control of the contralesional upper limb, thus emphasising that neglect is a negative prognostic factor in motor functional recovery. Conclusions: These findings show that spatial attention deficits partially improve during the acute phase of the disease in less than half the patients investigated. There was an improvement in left visuospatial neglect at a later, chronic stage of the disease, but this recovery was not complete.
Liver Cirrhosis: Impact Of Nutritional Regimen On Patients Outcome

Death rate of liver cirrhosis is 41.6% in Egypt. It is important to assess the nutritional status of this group of patients and design nutritional regimen because these patients suffer from protein calorie malnutrition. The aim of this study was assessment of the impact of a designed nutritional regimen on patients with liver cirrhosis. Patient and Methods: 60 adult patients with liver cirrhosis as a study group and 20 patients as a control group, the study were conducted at Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department at Asyut University hospital. Tools utilized for data collection were :( I) patient assessment sheet (II) nutritional assessment sheet, and (III) Construction of nutritional regimen. Results: The most common malnutrition risk factors were dry mouth, taste alteration, food intolerance, multiple medications and the presence of ascites. Number of patients who didn't suffer from malnutrition increased post implication of the nutritional regimen one and three months later. Conclusions: the application of the nutritional regimen for patients with liver cirrhosis showed an improvement in patient's nutritional status. Recommendations: Nutritional support and regimen, advice and guidelines by dietitian should be undertaken for all cirrhotic patients to prevent occurrence of complications of malnutrition and improve clinical outcome. Keywords - Designed nutritional regimen, Liver cirrhosis, Patient outcome.
Work(s) and (Non)production in Contemporary Movement Practices

This paper considers how the presentation of movement practices in performance contexts blurs the distinction between making and performance, raising questions about the nature of dance ‘works’. I examine the way that practice is foregrounded in the work of UK dance artists Katye Coe and Charlie Morrissey, and American choreographer Deborah Hay, troubling distinctions between the internal and external aspects of performance. In response to this, I examine the applicability of the work–concept (Goehr 1992), to current dance practices, suggesting that the concept is an open one and refers not solely to stable art objects, but also indicates open-ended entities, which are formed through a confluence of practice and performance.
Good Enough Quality: Beyond the Buzzword

The big new force that is propelling the good enough idea is the explosion of market-driven software. With a passion roughly proportional to the price of Microsoft stock, companies are looking for the shortest path to better software, faster, and cheaper. They are willing to take risks, and they have little patience for the traditional moralistic arguments in favor of so-called good practices. Much of the traditional lore of software project management seems irrelevant or stilted when applied to market-driven projects. It's time that we developed approaches and methodologies that apply to the whole craft, not just to space missions, medical devices, or academic experiments. Good enough is a model that encompasses high-reliability products as well as high-entertainment products. Whether you call the idea good enough, or choose another buzzword like economical, pragmatic, or utilitarian, the basic idea remains the same: our behavior should be guided by reason, not compulsion. Beyond the notion of best practices is a more fundamental idea: best thinking. As the good enough idea continues to emerge, the quality of one's thinking, rather than conformance to formalities, will become the issue. Formalities, and the authority behind them, will be re-examined. No wonder so many authorities consider good enough to be a dangerous idea.
Can We Train Machine Learning Methods to Outperform the High-dimensional Propensity Score Algorithm?

The use of retrospective health care claims datasets is frequently criticized for the lack of complete information on potential confounders. Utilizing patient’s health status–related information from claims datasets as surrogates or proxies for mismeasured and unobserved confounders, the high-dimensional propensity score algorithm enables us to reduce bias. Using a previously published cohort study of postmyocardial infarction statin use (1998–2012), we compare the performance of the algorithm with a number of popular machine learning approaches for confounder selection in high-dimensional covariate spaces: random forest, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and elastic net. Our results suggest that, when the data analysis is done with epidemiologic principles in mind, machine learning methods perform as well as the high-dimensional propensity score algorithm. Using a plasmode framework that mimicked the empirical data, we also showed that a hybrid of machine learning and high-dimensional propensity score algorithms generally perform slightly better than both in terms of mean squared error, when a bias-based analysis is used.
Rapid turnover of DnaA at replication origin regions contributes to initiation control of DNA replication

DnaA is a conserved key regulator of replication initiation in bacteria, and is homologous to ORC proteins in archaea and in eukaryotic cells. The ATPase binds to several high affinity binding sites at the origin region and upon an unknown molecular trigger, spreads to several adjacent sites, inducing the formation of a helical super structure leading to initiation of replication. Using FRAP analysis of a functional YFP-DnaA allele in Bacillus subtilis, we show that DnaA is bound to oriC with a half-time of 2.5 seconds. DnaA shows similarly high turnover at the replication machinery, where DnaA is bound to DNA polymerase via YabA. The absence of YabA increases the half time binding of DnaA at oriC, showing that YabA plays a dual role in the regulation of DnaA, as a tether at the replication forks, and as a chaser at origin regions. Likewise, a deletion of soj (encoding a ParA protein) leads to an increase in residence time and to overinitiation, while a mutation in DnaA that leads to lowered initiation frequency, due to a reduced ATPase activity, shows a decreased residence time on binding sites. Finally, our single molecule tracking experiments show that DnaA rapidly moves between chromosomal binding sites, and does not arrest for more than few hundreds of milliseconds. In Escherichia coli, DnaA also shows low residence times in the range of 200 ms and oscillates between spatially opposite chromosome regions in a time frame of one to two seconds, independently of ongoing transcription. Thus, DnaA shows extremely rapid binding turnover on the chromosome including oriC regions in two bacterial species, which is influenced by Soj and YabA proteins in B. subtilis, and is crucial for balanced initiation control, likely preventing fatal premature multimerization and strand opening of DnaA at oriC.
An idiosyncrasy credit or a generalist discount? Conditional advantages to working broadly in a virtual labor market

This article challenges the widespread notion that spanning recognized categories, or generalism,is disadvantageous. In markets, buyers face the fundamental challenge of gaining insight into the underlying ability of sellers. Economic sociologists rely on theories of categorization to explain how participants navigate this assessment. Social actors who span multiple categories have beenfound to be disadvantaged. We do not believe this is always the case and seek to identify conditions under which generalism by job seekers is valued. We start with the contention that spanning is an ambiguous indicator of quality, and suggest how it is perceived is dependent on other, salient indicators. We investigate two – relevance and reputation – which are often confounded with generalism. We propose that the same spanning behavior can be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on these other indicators. We hypothesize that those who evince the necessary attributes an employer is looking for by being relevant are advantaged when they also span disparate areas because employers value broader experiences. Spanning should also be advantageous for highly reputable applicants because it is more consistent with the belief they possess superior skills. In short, we identify idiosyncrasy credits. We test and find support for these hypotheses in the context of a virtual labor market for freelancers – Elance.com.
Use of rapid screening tests in processing urine specimens by conventional culture and the AutoMicrobic system

Two rapid urine screening tests, the Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.) and the Bac-T-Screen urine screening device (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.), were evaluated as techniques to predict bacteriuria as quantitated by either conventional culture or the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). A total of 666 urine specimens were analyzed by both screening tests as well as the AutoMicrobic system and quantitative culture. The sensitivities of both Chemstrip LN and Bac-T-Screen for the detection of low levels of bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml) were comparable (73.3 and 74.4%, respectively) and were too low to recommend their use as a primary urine screen. Their excellent predictive value of a negative result at the 10(5) CFU/ml level (96 and 97.5%, respectively) makes them potentially useful in predicting urine specimens with less than 10(5) CFU/ml. The use of either of these tests in combination with the AutoMicrobic system markedly decreased the time required to classify urine specimens. Their low cost relative to the AutoMicrobic system urine card makes the use of either test cost effective as a screen for the AutoMicrobic system.