Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of nitric oxide in anthracycline toxicity and prospects for pharmacologic prevention of cardiac damage

Anthracycline antibiotics are potent antitumor agents whose activity is severely limited by a cumulative dose‐dependent chronic cardiotoxicity that results from the summation of multiple biochemical pathways of cellular damage, which ultimately yields to disruption of myocardiocyte integrity and loss of cardiac function. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule involved in the pathophysiology of heart; dysregulation of activity of NO synthases (NOSs) and of NO metabolism seems to be a common feature in various cardiac diseases. The contribution of NO to anthracycline cardiac damage is suggested by evidence demonstrating anthracycline‐mediated induction of NOS expression and NO release in heart and the ability of NOSs to promote anthracycline redox cycling to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), including O2− and H2O2. Overproduction of ROS and NO yields to reactive nitrogen species, particularly the powerful oxidant molecule peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which may produce the marked reduction of cardiac contractility. This review focuses on the anthracycline‐mediated deregulation of NO network and presents an unifying viewpoint of the main molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, including iron, free radicals, and novel mechanistic notions on cardiac ceramide signaling and apoptosis. The data presented in the literature encourage the development of strategies of pharmacological manipulation of NO metabolism to be used as a novel approach to the prevention of cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines. —Fogli, S. , Nieri, P., Breschi, M. C. The role of nitric oxide in anthracycline toxicity and prospects for pharmacologic prevention of cardiac damage. FASEB J. 18, 664–675 (2004)
Review of school and instructional effectiveness research; Background paper for the Education for all global monitoring report 2005: the quality imperative; 2004

generalizable knowledge situation-specific knowledge, learning from cases standardized achievement tests assessment; less circumscribed alternative procedures Bipolar comparisons such as the one in Table 1 run the risk of over simplification and polarization whilst also constructing "straw men". It should be emphasized that less extreme constructivist views can be very well reconciled with more "objectivist" approaches (cf. Merrill, 1991). Also, more eclectic approaches are feasible, as can be seen when more teacher-controlled and learner-controlled instructional situations are used alternately (cf. Boekaerts & Simons, 1993). Creemers (1996) considers the changed perspective on the role of the student as the essential difference between the newer, constructivist views on learning and instruction, and the older models: rather passive in the models originating from the Carroll model and active, picturing a student who conducts knowledge and skills through working with context, in the newer models. Brophy (1996) also points at a way to integrate the established principles of structured classroom management and self-regulated learning strategies. Elements of effective classroom management such as "preparation of the classroom as a physical environment suited to the nature of the planned academic activities, development and implementation of a workable set of housekeeping procedures and conduct rules, maintenance of student attention and participation in group lessons and activities, and monitoring of the quality of the students' engagement in assignments and of the progress they are making toward intended outcomes", are equally relevant when instruction is seen as helping students to become more autonomous and selfregulated learners (ibid, p. 3, 4).
“Selling the Farm to Buy the Cow”

This article examines how “Black names” have become a trope for deficit beliefs about Black people in the United States and about Blackness more broadly. In data from two qualitative studies conducted with one group of African American secondary students and second group of African American alumni from a historically black college, participants’ narratives of everyday life reflect the impact of racialization and the extent to which members of both groups attempt to circumvent racialization in their personal and professional lives. The authors identify naming as a cultural right that is threatened within the Black community. They use the principle tenets of Critical Race Theory (CRT) alongside discussions of “race” in a sociolinguistic analysis of participants’ discussions of race and naming. The authors take up CRT’s call for narrative as a critical component for revealing and analyzing the significance and impact of race. Findings from the study illustrate that African Americans struggle with naming and the implications for Black names that influence personal choices they make regardless of their age, education level, and socioeconomic status. There is a consequential aspect to Black names that imposes challenges in refracting the deficit constructions of Blackness that are attached to them.
The tRNAscan-SE, snoscan and snoGPS web servers for the detection of tRNAs and snoRNAs

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are two of the largest classes of non-protein-coding RNAs. Conventional gene finders that detect protein-coding genes do not find tRNA and snoRNA genes because they lack the codon structure and statistical signatures of protein-coding genes. Previously, we developed tRNAscan-SE, snoscan and snoGPS for the detection of tRNAs, methylation-guide snoRNAs and pseudouridylation-guide snoRNAs, respectively. tRNAscan-SE is routinely applied to completed genomes, resulting in the identification of thousands of tRNA genes. Snoscan has successfully detected methylation-guide snoRNAs in a variety of eukaryotes and archaea, and snoGPS has identified novel pseudouridylation-guide snoRNAs in yeast and mammals. Although these programs have been quite successful at RNA gene detection, their use has been limited by the need to install and configure the software packages on UNIX workstations. Here, we describe online implementations of these RNA detection tools that make these programs accessible to a wider range of research biologists. The tRNAscan-SE, snoscan and snoGPS servers are available at , and , respectively.
A Stand-Alone Methodology for Data Exploration: In Support of Data Mining and Analytics

With the emergence of Big Data, data high in volume, variety, and velocity, new analysis techniques need to be developed to effectively use the data that is being collected. Knowledge discovery from databases is a larger methodology encompassing a process for gathering knowledge from that data. Analytics pair the knowledge with decision making to improve overall outcomes. Organizations have conclusive evidence that analytics provide competitive advantages and improve overall performance. This paper proposes a stand-alone methodology for data exploration. Data exploration is one part of the data mining process, used in knowledge discovery from databases and analytics. The goal of the methodology is to reduce the amount of time to gain meaningful information about a previously unanalyzed data set using tabular summaries and visualizations. The reduced time will enable faster implementation of analytics in an organization. Two case studies using a prototype implementation are presented showing the benefits of the methodology. Page v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the company which provided the anonymous data for the second of two case studies presented in this thesis. I would also like to thank Bill Gage for his tireless support and discussion about implementation best practices, Fairy Gage for her advice and perspective about my work, and Katherine Gage for her encouragement throughout the process of brainstorming, development, and writing.
The Association between the Duration of Preoperative Pain and Pain Improvement in Vertebral Augmentation: A Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most physicians consider length of preoperative pain as an important factor to include patients for SA. Our aim was to synthesize the available evidence regarding the influence of preprocedural pain duration on the outcome of vertebral augmentation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE data base was reviewed up to March 2010. Meta-regression and mixed-effect subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the outcome of interest, which was pain improvement assessed by a VAS (0–10) and the duration of preoperative pain (independent variable). RESULTS: We included 17 articles. The mean VAS improvements for subgroups of ≤6 weeks (n = 12), 6–24 weeks (n = 5), and >24 weeks (n = 3) were 5.18, 4.90, and 5.04, respectively (P = .86). The regression coefficient was −0.024, suggesting trivial association of the duration of preoperative pain and pain improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Pain relief following spine augmentation was similar among groups of patients with varying lengths of preoperative pain duration.
A Fidelity Metric for Assessing Visual Quality of Color Images

Correct assessment of image fidelity is fundamental to the development of efficient image compression schemes especially to that of the schemes taking characteristics of the human visual system into account. In this paper, a fidelity metric for assessing the visual quality of color images is presented. The proposed fidelity metric is designed to measure the perceivable distortion in the quasi-uniform color space of CIELAB. To evaluate the perceptibility of distortion, a color visual model is employed to estimate the visibility threshold of distortion for each color pixel. The visibility threshold of each color is measured as the size of the sphere of just-noticeable color difference and is modeled as a function of chroma, local luminance gradient and background uniformity. Simulation results show that the assessment of the proposed fidelity metric is more correspondent with the subjective assessment than other metrics using PSNR and CIELAB DeltaE.
Christina Royster

Title of Thesis: THE BROAD AUTISM PHENOTYPE WITHIN MOTHERCHILD INTERACTIONS Christina Royster, Master of Arts, 2012 Thesis directed by: Professor Nan Bernstein Ratner Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences This study sought to identify features of the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) expressed by mothers during interactions with their infants to further understand how these features relate to early indicators of autism. Twelve mothers were selected who had an older child with autism, and the control group included twelve mothers who did not. Results demonstrated that the groups of mothers did not have significantly different responses on the BAP assessment, and they did not differ in any features of interactions, except that the experimental group used less inhibitory language. Children in the experimental group had lower language scores than the controls. When subjects were divided into groups based upon both child responsiveness and maternal BAP traits, subsequent patterns indicated four mother-child profiles, suggesting that a combination of maternal BAP characteristics and child behavior might influence interaction outcomes. Further research regarding BAP features as an early indicator for autism is discussed. THE BROAD AUTISM PHENOTYPE WITHIN MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTIONS
Dissimilarity measures in color spaces

A problem of both theoretical and practical importance in image processing is to compare two color images, taking into account the eventual diversities due to translation, or color variations. The aim of the paper is to study the behavior of dissimilarity measures in different color spaces. Five color spaces (RGB, HSI, HSV, CIELab, CIELuv) are studied. Properties of the dissimilarity measures are compared in terms of sensitivity to radiometric variations, spatial shifts and shape distortions. We compare the results with those obtained by subjective testing.
Designing for Compliance : ESCHER , Team VALOR ’ s Compliant Biped

This paper presents the hardware platform, software, and control systems developed to field the Electric Series Compliant Humanoid for Emergency Response (ESCHER), Team VALOR’s Track A entry to the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals. The design and assembly of ESCHER commenced 10 months prior to the Finals, leveraging and improving upon bipedal humanoid technologies implemented in previous research efforts. ESCHER’s unique features include custom linear series elastic actuators (SEAs), a dual-axis motor controller enabling high-bandwidth impedance control of parallelly actuated joints, and a whole-body control framework supporting compliant locomotion across variable and shifting terrain. Additionally, a high-level software system designed using Robot Operating System (ROS) interfaced with the existing whole-body motion controller and integrated various open-source packages. Empirical data collected before, during, and after the DRC Finals validate ESCHER’s performance in fielded environments. The paper discusses a detailed analysis of challenges encountered during the competition, along with lessons learned critical for transitioning research contributions to a fielded robot. The compliant lower body proved crucial for reliable traversal across the 61 m loose dirt course at the Finals, as well as extending compliance to the rigid upper body for safe interaction with the environment.
fMRI study of problem-solving after severe traumatic brain injury

Objective: To assess the cerebral correlates of the dysexecutive syndrome after diffuse severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Ten patients with sub-acute/chronic severe TBI without detectable focal cortical contusion and 11 matched healthy subjects were included in a parametric fMRI study using a planning task, the Tower of London. Results: Brain activation in the left Dorsolateral Pre-frontal Cortex (DLPFC) and the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) was closely related to performance. Patients with TBI who performed the task efficiently showed, like healthy controls who obtained a similar pattern of performance, a large activation in the left DLPFC and a small activation in the ACC. In contrast, poor performance was associated with a reduced activation in these both regions. Conclusion: Problem-solving deficits after severe diffuse TBI could be related to an impaired activation of the DLPFC and of the ACC.
Spatial and temporal differentiation of fMRI BOLD response in primary visual cortex of human brain during sustained visual simulation

The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response during sustained visual stimulation has been studied by several groups using fMRI with controversial conclusions. This issue was investigated for the human brain at high (4 Tesla) magnetic field strength using a flashing goggle at 8 Hz. The results demonstrate that the overall BOLD response in the primary visual cortex has an initial overshoot after the onset of visual stimulation and an undershoot after the termination of visual stimulation. A significant and positive BOLD response, however, remains constant between the initial and terminal transient responses. The temporal BOLD responses in the primary visual cortex were spatially dependent. The regions identified as draining veins in images displayed proportionately larger initial and terminal transient responses, whereas regions devoid of such vessels and associated mainly with parenchyma exhibited a more time‐independent BOLD response. These results reveal that the BOLD effect and, presumably, the uncoupling between cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, are maintained in the primary visual cortex during sustained visual stimulation, and the temporal characteristics of the BOLD effect are spatially dependent.
A New Approach of Using Network Dialog Structures in Cars

To keep the numerous functionalities in luxury vehicles easily accessible and controllable while driving, sophisticated presentation and interaction techniques are absolutely necessary. In state-of-the-art systems, these functions are presently realized in a predominant hierarchical menu structure on a central car-display. Thus, several operation steps are required to reach a function X from a function Y. In this context, network dialog structures, as for example the link-based internet, can allow great simplification. For this reason, three different concepts have been developed and exemplarily implemented in a human-computer interaction concept: contextual, parallel, and user-defined menu and function access. In a usability study it has been approved that these three techniques of network menu access achieved great time savings in interaction. An average time saving of 32.5% compared to the use of hierarchical menu structure has been reached. A significant higher distraction effect from driving has not been noticed.
Religious Versus Nonreligious Socialization: Does Religious Background Have Implications for Adjustment?

Two studies were carried out to assess possible links between religious and nonreligious socialization and adjustment. In Study 1, three questionnaires were administered to 216 students, before and during their first year at a small Canadian university. Comparisons were made among those raised in (a) "no religion," (b) mainline Protestant, (c) conservative Protestant, and (d) Catholic families. Our 11 measures of mental health and adjustment exhibited strong psychometric properties and were intercorrelated as expected, but they did not distinguish among our 4 groups. Nor were these adjustment scores correlated with self-reports of religious emphasis in the childhood home. Study 2 involved 2 questionnaires administered to 615 Canadian senior high school students. Again, measures had strong psychometric properties and were intercorrelated as expected. But again, there was no indication that students from "no religion" backgrounds differed from students from religious backgrounds on our primary measures of adjustment: depression, self-esteem, dispositional optimism, and social support. Nor were these measures related to a Religious Emphasis scale. In this study we were also able to control for the possibly contaminating effects of socioeconomic status and current religiosity as covariates, and we included gender as an independent variable, although results indicated that its effects were minor. In combination, these 2 studies offer very little support for claims that religious socialization has positive implications for adjustment among youth, although there was limited evidence that current religiosity was weakly related to some measures of adjustment in Study 2.
Linking Socioeconomic Status to Social Cognitive Career Theory Factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) in predicting social cognitive career theory (SCCT) factors. Data were collected from 738 college students in Taiwan. The results of the partial least squares (PLS) analyses indicated that SES significantly predicted career decision self-efficacy (CDSE); however, the relationship between SES and career decision-making outcome expectations (CDMOE) was not significant. In addition, the findings revealed that CDSE had a direct effect as well as an indirect effect, via CDMOE, on career exploratory intentions. Implications for counseling and future research are discussed.
Bi-SON: Big-Data Self Organizing Network for Energy Efficient Ultra-Dense Small Cells

In this paper, we present a big-data self organizing network (Bi-SON) framework aiming to optimize energy efficiency of ultra-dense small cells. Although small cell can enhance the capacity of cellular mobile networks, ultra-dense small cells suffer from severe interference and poor energy efficiency. The self organizing network (SON) can automatically manage and optimize the system performance. However, current SON-enable mechanisms mostly focus on indoor femtocells. Our proposed Bi-SON suggests a data flow framework from data collection, analysis and optimization to reconfiguration. We adopt the statistics analysis approach to determine the optimal system parameters to improve the energy efficiency of a huge number of outdoor small cells. The Bi-SON mechanism periodically collects the management data of small cells, e.g. transmission power, reference signal receiving power and the number of users per cell. We find that simple sorting and filtering data analysis from huge number of small cells can already effectively find the almost optimal solution. Our simulation results show that Bi-SON can improve throughput and energy efficiency by 50% and 135% respectively, compared to the scheme without energy saving approach.
Salicylic Acid–Independent ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 Signaling in Arabidopsis Immunity and Cell Death Is Regulated by the Monooxygenase FMO1 and the Nudix Hydrolase NUDT7[W]

Arabidopsis thaliana ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) controls defense activation and programmed cell death conditioned by intracellular Toll-related immune receptors that recognize specific pathogen effectors. EDS1 is also needed for basal resistance to invasive pathogens by restricting the progression of disease. In both responses, EDS1, assisted by its interacting partner, PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4 (PAD4), regulates accumulation of the phenolic defense molecule salicylic acid (SA) and other as yet unidentified signal intermediates. An Arabidopsis whole genome microarray experiment was designed to identify genes whose expression depends on EDS1 and PAD4, irrespective of local SA accumulation, and potential candidates of an SA-independent branch of EDS1 defense were found. We define two new immune regulators through analysis of corresponding Arabidopsis loss-of-function insertion mutants. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1) positively regulates the EDS1 pathway, and one member (NUDT7) of a family of cytosolic Nudix hydrolases exerts negative control of EDS1 signaling. Analysis of fmo1 and nudt7 mutants alone or in combination with sid2-1, a mutation that severely depletes pathogen-induced SA production, points to SA-independent functions of FMO1 and NUDT7 in EDS1-conditioned disease resistance and cell death. We find instead that SA antagonizes initiation of cell death and stunting of growth in nudt7 mutants.
Tracking and finite element analysis of stripe deformation in magnetic resonance tagging

Magnetic resonance tissue tagging allows noninvasive in vivo measurement of soft tissue deformation. Planes of magnetic saturation are created, orthogonal to the imaging plane, which form dark lines (stripes) in the image. The authors describe a method for tracking stripe motion in the image plane, and show how this information can be incorporated into a finite element model of the underlying deformation. Human heart data were acquired from several imaging planes in different orientations and were combined using a deformable model of the left ventricle wall. Each tracked stripe point provided information on displacement orthogonal to the original tagging plane, i.e., a one-dimensional (1-D) constraint on the motion. Three-dimensional (3-D) motion and deformation was then reconstructed by fitting the model to the data constraints by linear least squares. The average root mean squared (rms) error between tracked stripe points and predicted model locations was 0.47 mm (n=3,100 points). In order to validate this method and quantify the errors involved, the authors applied it to images of a silicone gel phantom subjected to a known, well-controlled, 3-D deformation. The finite element strains obtained were compared to an analytic model of the deformation known to be accurate in the central axial plane of the phantom. The average rms errors were 6% in both the reconstructed shear strains and 16% in the reconstructed radial normal strain.