Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Physical Activity in Children with Pedometers: Reliability, Reactivity, and Replacement of Missing Data

The study was undertaken to evaluate (a) the reliability of pedometer data and reactivity of children to wearing a pedometer, (b) the effectiveness of a missing data replacement procedure, and (c) the validity of the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). Six days of pedometer data were collected from 299 middle-school children, followed by administration of the LTEQ. Six days of pedometer data were found to be adequately reliable for research into habitual physical activity ( R xx = .79) and no reactivity occurred. Inclusion of weekday and weekend scores is recommended where possible. The individualcentered data-replacement procedure did not adversely affect reliability, so this data-replacement method offers great promise to physical activity researchers who wish to maintain statistical power in their studies. The LTEQ does not appear to measure physical activity similarly to pedometers ( r = .05), and researchers should use the LTEQ with caution in children until further research explains this discrepancy. The need to develop appropriate physical activity measures for use with children is a recognized concern (12). Welk, Corbin, and Dale (30) described the unique nature of children’s physical activity that necessitates separate validity and reliability evidence for instruments used in this population. A common method of objectively measuring physical activity is the pedometer. Pedometers offer several attractive features such as unobtrusiveness, simplicity of operation, and low cost, all of which make the pedometer especially suitable for large-scale studies investigating children’s school-time and leisure-time physical activity (27). Total pedometer steps correlate moderately well with oxygen consumption in children. Eston, Rowlands, and Ingledew (10) investigated validity of the pedometer, uniaxial accelerometer, triaxial accelerometer, and heart rate monitor during various regulated, (e.g., jogging, walking) and unregulated (e.g., playing catch, crayoning) activities in 30 children. Standard errors of estimate for predicting oxygen consumption were lower for the pedometer than for the uniaxial accelerometer and heart rate monitor, but higher than for the triaxial accelerometer.
A novel energy‐based stochastic method for positioning polar protons in protein structures from X‐rays

A novel automated method for the optimal placement of polar hydrogens in a protein structure is presented. The algorithm adds initially, to a protein data bank file of the protein, nonrotatable hydrogens such as peptide backbone hydrogens according to geometric considerations. Then, water protons and polar side chain protons of lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the C and N termini of a protein are added according to energy considerations. A unique stochastic approach has been developed to overcome a combinatorial explosion in the search for the lowest energy structure. First, the system is divided into ensembles. Each ensemble is treated separately: N conformations are sampled at random, their energies computed, whereas common components of high‐energy combinations are gathered on one hand, and low‐energy combinations on the other. Components that yield only high‐energy conformations and do not contribute to any low energies are excluded. This is reiterated while the total amount of combinations is decreased along the iterative process. When the total number of combinations is lower than a user defined threshold, all remaining combinations are evaluated by exhaustive search. Energy evaluations use nonbonding energy expressions alone. The program was tested on five high‐resolution crystal structures: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Brookhaven Protein Data Bank file 5PTI), RNase‐A (5RSA), trypsin (1NTP), and carbon monoxymyoglobin (2MB5), for which neutron diffraction structures are available, as well as phosphate binding protein (1IXH) for which very high resolution X‐ray crystallography was used. The low RMS values prove the efficiency of this algorithm as a tool for positioning protons in proteins. It may be used for other biological structures. Proteins 2000;38:273–287. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a consistent dynamic procedure for modeling subfilter variance

is used to obtain the large-scale resolved field, where f̄ is the filtered field corresponding to a turbulent field f , and Φ the filter kernel. LES has been very successful in predicting free-shear flows, since these flows are typically controlled by large-scale energy-containing motions (Rogallo & Moin 1984; Lesieur & Métais 1996; Meneveau & Katz 1996). Several models for the subfilter unresolved terms have been proposed in this context (Pope 2000). While the LES formulation is useful in such flows, combustion or wall-bounded flows are controlled by the small-scale evolution of the turbulence, and are not naturally described by the large scales. Consequently, detailed subfilter modeling in combustion is critical in ensuring predictive accuracy. Interestingly, the ability of LES to describe large-scale scalar mixing provides a natural starting point for modeling turbulence-chemistry interactions at the small scales. In this context, the purpose of this brief is to assess the predictive accuracy of currently used models and provide improved formulations. LES of turbulent combustion often employs conserved scalar-based formulations (Pitsch 2006). The mixture-fraction, z, is a conserved scalar that is used to describe the local thermochemical state of the fluid. To obtain the filtered thermochemical vector, the subfilter distribution of mixture-fraction is required. Since LES resolves only the large scales, this information needs to be provided through a statistical description of the subfilter state. Typically, a presumed probability density function (PDF) in the form of a beta function is used (Cook & Riley 1994). The PDF is parameterized by the filtered mixturefraction, z, and the mixture-fraction variance, zv = zz − z̄z̄. Since the subfilter variance is not directly available in LES, several models have been proposed for this quantity. The performance of these models is often not of satisfactory accuracy given their importance for predicting the heat release and the effect of the heat release on the large-scale motion of the flow. In this work, we first study the performance of the most commonly used models, namely the scale-similarity model (Cook & Riley 1994) and the dynamic Smagorinskytype model (Pierce & Moin 1998). The validity of the assumptions used to construct the dynamic Smagorinsky-type model are tested. To improve the predictive accuracy, a new dynamic procedure based on a Taylor series expansion is then proposed. The new model is then examined in a priori tests, and compared with the dynamic Smagorinsky-type model.
Vibronic effects in the spectroscopy and dynamics of C-phycocyanin

Femtosecond laser spectroscopies are used to investigate the influence of intramolecular nuclear modes on electronic relaxation in the cyanobacterial light harvesting protein, C-phycocyanin (CPC). Of particular interest are sub-ps dynamics localized on pairs of closely spaced phycocyanobilin pigments (i.e. dimers). Experiments conducted under different polarization conditions are used to distinguish isotropic and anisotropic vibrational modes within the dimers. Two isotropic nuclear modes are detected near 185 and 260 cm−1 using two-dimensional photon echo spectroscopy. In addition, a transient absorption anisotropy measurement reveals vibrational resonances associated with (out-of-plane) anisotropic nuclear modes near 640 and 815 cm−1. We investigate two possible origins for the recurrences in the anisotropy. A mechanism involving ground state nuclear coherences in the Condon approximation is ruled out by comparing the potential energy surfaces of the excitons to the direction of wavepacket motion. Electronic structure calculations suggest that non-Condon effects are the most likely explanation for the beats observed in the anisotropy. Such non-Condon effects also hold interesting implications for the vibronic exciton electronic structure of CPC. We calculate non-Condon intermolecular couplings in the dimer as large as 10 cm−1, which suggests that these effects are not negligible and deserve further consideration. Our findings provide additional insights into the sub-100 fs vibronic relaxation channel found in the closely related protein, allophycocyanin, whose pigment dimers possess nearly the same geometry and intermolecular Coulombic interactions as CPC. This study underscores the complex interplay of intramolecular vibronic coupling and site energy tuning in photosynthetic light harvesting.
Procesos de formación en investigación en la Universidad: ¿qué le queda a los estudiantes?

La formacion investigativa es un componente central en la educacion del joven universitario en la sociedad actual y la actitud hacia esa formacion puede ser un indicador sobre la calidad de los procesos de formacion y de la posibilidad de ingreso temprano del estudiante en los sistemas universitarios de investigacion y la formacion de cientificos. En el presente estudio, de tipo transversal-correlacional, se evalua la actitud del joven a partir de tres elementos: autopercepcion, incidencia de los profesores e incidencia de las universidades sobre la formacion en investigacion en el nivel de grado. Se aplico un instrumento estructurado a estudiantes de ocho universidades del area metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia, por muestreo aleatorio simple. Se destaca el alto valor que los estudiantes le otorgan al aprendizaje de la investigacion en la Universidad, pero la baja proyeccion y actitud de la mayoria hacia los temas cientificos. Adicionalmente se encontro que los profesores tienen un alto nivel de impacto en la actitud del estudiante hacia la investigacion mientras que los factores sociales e institucionales no representan una lata incidencia. Finalmente el estudio demuestra una tendencia decreciente de la actitud hacia la investigacion a mayor nivel en la Universidad.
Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: where do we go?

Abstract Molecular epidemiology allows us to trace specific microorganisms and mobile genetic elements and to assess their epidemiological and evolutionary relationships. Examples of molecular epidemiology investigations in veterinary hospitals are discussed. They demonstrate the great similarities with the situation in human medicine and the potential usefulness of molecular epidemiology in our fight against antimicrobial resistance and nosocomial infections in veterinary hospitals. A broad knowledge of the diversity of antimicrobial resistance determinants in some major groups of pathogens and commensals from animals such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, enterococci and staphylococci is emerging. However, there are important gaps in this knowledge, which are discussed here. Many more molecular epidemiology studies will be necessary to understand and follow the evolution of the problem in veterinary medicine and agriculture on a global scale. To be able to build useful surveillance programs and reliable epidemiological models, and to identify critical intervention points, we need to improve our understanding of antimicrobial resistance at the animal and farm levels. Studies assessing the dynamics of bacterial populations and of resistance determinants at these levels are desperately needed. Understanding the relationships between antimicrobial resistance, colonization factors, and virulence also represents a major issue for which molecular epidemiology investigations will be needed.
UWB Impulse Radio Receivers Derived from a Gaussian Mixture Interference Model

One of the main concerns in ultra wide band (UWB) impulse radio (IR) technology is the presence of severe multiple access interference (MAI). Efficient receivers should therefore be capable of deleting, or at least mitigating, this effect. Based on the observation that MAI has an impulsive structure, we model it as a Gaussian mixture random process, to derive the optimum receiver accordingly. By carefully simplifying parts of the resulting algorithm, we are able to propose a receiver approach which is efficient in mitigating MAI, while having low computational complexity. Its effectiveness is compared to state of the art approaches by simulations in a realistic scenario.
Patient experiences and outcomes following facial skin cancer surgery: A qualitative study

Early melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer of the facial area are primarily treated with surgery. Little is known about the outcomes of treatment for facial skin cancer patients. The objective of the study was to identify concerns about aesthetics, procedures and health from the patients' perspective after facial skin surgery. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 participants. Line‐by‐line coding was used to establish categories and develop themes. We identified five major themes on the impact of skin cancer surgery: appearance‐related concerns; psychological (e.g., fear of new cancers or recurrence); social (e.g. impact on social activities and interaction); physical (e.g. pain and swelling) concerns and satisfaction with the experience of care (e.g., satisfaction with surgeon). The priority of participants was the removal of the facial skin cancer, as this reduced their overall worry. The aesthetic outcome was secondary but important, as it had important implications on the participants' social and psychological functioning. The participants' experience with the care provided by the surgeon and staff also contributed to their satisfaction with their treatment. This conceptual framework provides the basis for the development of a new patient‐reported outcome instrument.
Gastrointestinal: Gastric diverticula

What abnormalities are seen on the barium meal radiograph shown in Figure 1? There is a large pouch in the fundus of the stomach associated with an hiatus hernia. The patient was a 47-year-old man who described upper gastrointestinal symptoms for several years including reflux, heartburn, epigastric fullness and prominent burping. Endoscopy revealed an hiatus hernia with Barrett’s esophagus and a large gastric diverticulum. The segment of Barrett’s esophagus was ablated by argon plasma coagulation. Because of persisting symptoms despite the use of proton pump inhibitors, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed with simultaneous excision of the diverticulum. A view of the laparoscopic resection using the Endo-GIA is shown in Figure 2. After surgery, his symptoms resolved and a repeat barium meal radiograph was near-normal. Gastric diverticula are an uncommon form of diverticular disease. Rates of detection vary with the method of detection but range from 0.02% in autopsy studies, 0.04% in barium meal radiographs and 0.01–0.11% at endoscopy. The majority of diverticula (75%) are located near the gastroesophageal junction, usually on the lesser curve or posterior aspect. Typical diverticula are 1–3 cm in diameter but large diverticula as demonstrated below can occur. Small diverticula are usually asymptomatic but large diverticula may aggravate symptoms such as esophageal reflux and burping. Other reported complications are rare but include perforation, bleeding from the margin of the diverticulum and cancer formation within a diverticulum. It is uncertain whether gastric diverticula are congenital or acquired. Most diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract are acquired and form as a result of herniation of the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular wall (false diverticula). However, some gastric diverticula may be congenital as the diverticulum can involve all layers of the gastric wall (true diverticulum). It is not known why gastric diverticula are usually located close to the gastroesophageal junction.
Robustness evaluation of uniform power allocation with antenna selection for spatial Tomlinson-Harashima precoding

The performance of any communications precoding scheme relies on the quality of the channel state information that is made available at the transmitter side. In this paper, we study the robustness of spatial Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (STHP) in terms of rate loss when errors are considered in the feedback link. We will evaluate the performance degradation of the uniform power allocation with antenna selection strategy for STHP (which is quasioptimal when there are no feedback errors) and compare it with a robust power allocation designed to maximize the achievable rates for the worst-case feedback noise. It is shown that the performance difference between both approaches is very small. Consequently, uniform power allocation with antenna selection arises as a good solution for STHP even in the presence of feedback errors.
Proof-of-concept prototype test results of a superconducting fault current limiter for transmission-level applications

SuperPower, Inc. and Nexans SuperConductors GmbH have partnered to develop a superconducting fault current limiter for transmission level applications. The device employs SuperPower's Matrix Fault Current Limiter (MFCL) technology and BSCCO-2212 bulk material manufactured by Nexans' melt cast processing technique. The development program has been underway since June 2002 and is divided into a series of prototype demonstrations of progressive capability, culminating in a Beta prototype that will be installed at a host utility on a 138 kV line. This paper describes the test results of the first major program milestone, a proof-of-concept prototype at distribution level voltage. The test results show the expected current limiting performance of the MFCL technology to provide fast current limiting and dynamic resistance development before the first peak of the fault. The fault current evenly distributes among the elements of the MFCL array, which employs a resistive-inductive approach for limiting the current. The results also show the excellent electric field performance of the BSCCO-2212 material.
Using Wikipedia as an External Knowledge Source for Supporting Contextual Disambiguation

Every term has a meaning but there are terms which have multiple meanings. Identifying the correct meaning of a term in a specific context is the goal of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) applications. Identifying the correct sense of a term given a limited context is even harder. This research aims at solving the problem of identifying the correct sense of a term given only one term as its context. The main focus of this research is on using Wikipedia as the external knowledge source to decipher the true meaning of each term using a single term as the context. We experimented with the semantically rich Wikipedia senses and hyperlinks for context disambiguation. We also analyzed the effect of sense filtering on context extraction and found it quite effective for contextual disambiguation. Results have shown that disambiguation with filtering works quite well on manually disambiguated dataset with the performance accuracy of 86%.
Surface Reconstruction and Visualization Measurement in the Parallel Astigmatic Confocal System

In the parallel astigmatic confocal system, the in-focus positions of the whole-field probing points are extracted by means of searching the "zero" points at the detecting curves which come from the system's sequential images. A 3-D surface profile is reconstructed based on the "zero" points in the detecting curves, than the surface profile parameters of the microstructure are measured. Bi-cubic-spline interpolation curve surface fitting method is used to reconstruct the 3-D surface profile, which passes the in-focus position of the probing points. High subdivision rate can improve the geometric continuity and accuracy of the 3-D surface reconstructed. In the course of visualization measurement for the microstructure, the 3-D surface profile parameters are evaluated based on the points picked from the bi-cubic-spline interpolation curve surface rather than from the local triangular plane in the 3-D surface profile. The measurement accuracy for the 3-D profile parameters of the microstructure could be advanced.
Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophila (Formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Variants in Blood from Sheep in Norway

ABSTRACT A total of 41 blood samples were collected from 40 Anaplasma phagocytophila-infected sheep in 11 sheep flocks from four different counties of southern Norway. The presence and nature of the Anaplasma species were identified by microscopic detection of morulae, PCR, reverse line blot hybridization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A. phagocytophila was identified in all of the samples, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of four variants of A. phagocytophila. Two of these variants have been described before, but two were newly identified 16S rRNA variants of this species. A. phagocytophila variant 1 was found in nine flocks, A. phagocytophila variant 2 was found in four flocks, the A. phagocytophila prototype was found in two flocks, and A. phagocytophila variant 5 was found in one flock. In two flocks, some sheep were infected with A. phagocytophila variant 1, whereas others were infected with A. phagocytophila variant 2, and in three animals a double infection with two variants was registered. Analyses of the blood samples revealed that blood from sheep infected with A. phagocytophila variant 2 contained nearly twice as many neutrophils and eight times as many Anaplasma-infected neutrophils as blood from sheep infected with the A. phagocytophila variant 1. Furthermore, only 43% of the A. phagocytophila variant 2-infected sheep displayed antibody responses in an immune fluorescence assay, whereas 93% of the sheep with the A. phagocytophila variant 1-infected sheep were seropositive.
CAPACIDADE ABSORTIVA E INOVAÇÃO EM EMPRESAS DE TECNOLOGIA EM SANTA CATARINA

O objetivo deste estudo e analisar as rotinas que empresas de base tecnologica de Santa Catarina desenvolvem para melhorar sua capacidade absortiva. O estudo e qualitativo, e utiliza a tecnicas de casos multiplos para analisar 11 empresas de base tecnologica. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade, observacao nao participante e analise documental. O modelo teorico utilizado para elaborar o roteiro de coleta de dados e analise foi o de Zahra e George (2002). Os dados foram examinados com o apoio da tecnica da analise tematica. Os principais achados apontam rotinas de capacidade de absorcao como propulsor para o desenvolvimento da inovacao nas empresas analisadas, como: Adaptar o conhecimento externo a uma nova tecnologia para criar um novo produto. Desenvolver a capacidade de aplicar o conhecimento interno e externo em patentes e ou produtos de softwares inovadores para o mercado. Verificou-se que existem diferencas nas rotinas de capacidade de absorcao entre empresas de um mesmo setor, sendo que as empresas com mais tempo no mercado tendem a possuir mais rotinas implementadas em seus processos de inovacao. Assim, pode-se concluir que a pesquisa fornece recomendacoes concretas sobre como alocar os recursos para um uso mais eficiente do conhecimento externo na geracao de inovacoes.