Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociology as Reflexive Science

The article focuses on the fact that the consequence of Bourdieu’s death is that we now have to respond specifically to the texts that he produced between 1958 and 2002, rather than to the impact of writing and political action in combination, which was his goal during his life. The article raises general questions about the status of social texts in relation to the practices of philosophy and social scientific enquiry to which Bourdieu must have returned in preparing his final course of lectures, published in 2001 as Science de la science et réflexivité. It then offers three case studies of this relationship in action in Bourdieu’s early work, considering his textual and scientific practices. It discusses aspects of the contemporary philosophical debate about the referentiality of texts at the time of this early work and thus indicates that this was a question of continuous importance in Bourdieu’s work. The article next reflects on the significance of Bourdieu’s thinking in this respect for the ways in which we should now respond to his texts and deploy his concepts empirically. It takes three examples of different ways in which Bourdieu’s texts have become pretexts for further research practice. These are characterized as ‘academic exploitation’, ‘nominal appropriation’ and ‘informed divergence’. The conclusion is that Bourdieu’s work demands a reflexive response, which requires that respondents should analyse rigorously their own situations and the grounds for transferring received concepts, and that this entails detailed attention to both Bourdieu’s texts and the contexts of their production, rather than a superficial exploitation or appropriation of his ‘consecrated’ texts.
Coding of stereo signals by a single digital ΔΣ modulator

The possibility of using a single digital ΔΣ modulator to simultaneously encode the two channels of a stereo signal is illustrated. From the modulated stream, the two channels can be recovered with minimal processing and no cross-talk. Notably, demultiplexing does not affect the sample-depth so that, after it, one still has a data stream suitable for directly driving a power bridge and convertible into analog by mere low-pass filtering. Furthermore, the approach is very flexible and if one channel is unused, it lets the other get improved dynamic range and SNR. The approach can take advantage of recent techniques for the design of ΔΣ modulators, including methods for psychoacoustically optimal distribution of quantization noise. Code is available to replicate the proposed examples and as a general computer aided design tool.
Identification and characterization of novel protein-protein interactions during heart development

Tijdens de embryonale ontwikkeling is het hart het eerste orgaan dat gevormd wordt. Een van de belangrijke regulatoren van de ontwikkeling van met name het geleidingssysteem van het hart, is de transcriptiefactor Tbx3. Kees Jan Boogerd onderzocht de onderliggende mechanismen die van invloed zijn op de ontwikkeling van dit geleidingssysteem door identificatie van nieuwe co-factoren van Tbx3. De transcriptiefactoren Msx2 en Sox4 blijken te kunnen samenwerken met Tbx3 in de regulatie van genen die belangrijk zijn voor het doorgeven van de elektrische impuls door hartspiercellen. Tbx5 - een andere factor - is van belang voor de vorming van hartspiercellen. Bij patienten met bepaalde hart - en handafwijkingen zijn mutaties beschreven van Tbx5. Boogerd beschrijft vijf nieuwe mutaties, en toont aan hoe zij interacties met bekende co-factoren en met het DNA beinvloeden.
Factors in Helping Educate about Energy Conservation

Three different groups of students were surveyed (years 1995, 2002, and 2003) to determine their attitudes regarding the environment and environmental issues, and particularly energy use. Two groups (1995 and 2003) were purposely selected to be interviewed about energy issues. The survey revealed that all groups had bell-shaped spreads with the means skewed to the environmental side. Although all groups shared many similarities, those interviewees that expressed more positive environmental attitudes tended to be the ones that acted more on their knowledge. However, a notable trend was the lack of action overall, regardless of espoused beliefs. Factor analyses showed factors similar to a study from 1991, but were unique in themselves. In general, these factors showed a focus on governmental intervention to mandate regulations on energy conservation, yet a schism where business is too restricted and a belief that technology will resolve the issues. Consequences for educators are that students may feel disempowered to change their own behaviors if they perceive that others will, or should, resolve the energy problems we face. Education should focus on personal empowerment as well as the issue itself.
The soul is the stranger: Ghanaian Pentecostalism and the diasporic contestation of ‘flow’ and ‘individuality’

Abstract Pentecostal groups have become a prominent part of the process of migration of Ghanaians to the West. In popular conceptions, migration is above all a spiritual problem. Operating from Accra and Kumasi, charismatic Pentecostal churches have been established in the Ghanaian migrant communities of the larger cities in the Netherlands. This article analyses the position these churches take in diasporic communities by asking why it is that Pentecostalism par excellence appears to offer the kind of symbolic discourse and praxis that fosters the constitution of a transcultural and transnational domain. Moving away from bipolar approaches to migration and diasporic communities, this contribution argues that Pentecostal transnationality and transculturality negotiate taxonomic state developments that tend to circumscribe and petrify individual identities. All‐too‐easy notions about ‘global flows’ of people, ideas and practices, and of ‘global individuality’, are critically examined.
Long-Term Effects of Permanent Vestibular Lesions on Hippocampal Spatial Firing

The hippocampus is thought to be important for spatial representation processes that depend on the integration of both self-movement and allocentric cues. The vestibular system is a particularly important source of self-movement information that may contribute to this spatial representation. To test the hypothesis that the vestibular system provides self-movement information to the hippocampus, rats were given either a bilateral labyrinthectomy (n = 6) or a sham surgery (n = 6), and at least 60 d after surgery hippocampal CA1 neurons were recorded extracellularly while the animals foraged freely in an open arena. Recorded cells were classified as complex spiking (n = 80) or noncomplex spiking (n = 33) neurons, and their spatial firing fields (place fields) were examined. The most striking effect of the lesion was that it appeared to completely abolish location-related firing. The results of this and previous studies provide converging evidence demonstrating that vestibular information is processed by the hippocampus. The disruption of the vestibular input to the hippocampus may interfere with the reconciliation of internal self-movement signals with the changes to the external sensory inputs that occur as a result of that movement. This would disrupt the ability of the animal to integrate allocentric and egocentric information into a coherent representation of space.
Autonomy Orientation in Estonian and Swedish Family Interactions

This paper compares the tendency to express autonomy in 20 Estonian, 20 Swedish, and 20 Swedish Estonian middle-class families with preadolescent children during videotaped family mealtimes. The results indicate that compared to the Swedish participants, participants from both Estonian samples expressed autonomy less frequently. Being talkative does not always mean expressing more autonomy. The Swedish preadolescents who were the most talkative and whose mothers were talking less, were more likely to express their personal needs, opinions and preferences. Possible reasons of cultural variability in autonomy orientation are discussed.
Physician--Patient Communication as Interpersonal Rhetoric: A Narrative Approach

The medical interview is identified as a rhetorical situation in terms of its qualities of intentionality, strategy, relationship, and transaction. This article explores the ways in which patients and physicians shape their discourse in attempts to persuade, that is, gain cooperation from, one another. The accumulating literature on narrative theory, including that of Fisher, Donnelly, Cassell, Brody, and Kleinman, is reviewed as a promising rhetorical approach. Based on this body of theory, a narrative analysis of a doctor-patient encounter is used to demonstrate the utility of this perspective in interpreting and assessing the dynamics of the medical encounter as rhetoric. The methodology used is discussed in terms of generalizing its application to other medical interviews.
A Caching Scheme to Support Session Locality in Hierarchical SIP Networks

Most calls of a called user are invoked by the group of calling users. This call pattern is defined as call locality. Similarly Internet sessions including IP telephony calls have this pattern. We define it session locality. In this paper, we propose a caching scheme to support session locality in hierarchical SIP networks. The proposed scheme can be applied easily by adding only one filed to cache to a data structure of the SIP mobility agent. And this scheme can reduce signaling cost, database access cost and session setup delay to locate a called user. Moreover, it distributes the load on the home registrar to the SIP mobility agents. Our performance evaluation shows the proposed caching scheme outperforms the hierarchical SIP scheme when session to mobility ratio is high.
Improved system fusion for keyword search

It has been demonstrated that system fusion can significantly improve the performance of keyword search. In this paper, we compare the performance of several widely-used arithmetic-based fusion methods using different normalization pipeline and try to find the best pipeline. A novel arithmetic-based fusion method is proposed in this work. The method supplies a more effective way to incorporate the number of systems which have non-zero scores for a detection. When tested on the development test dataset of the OpenKWS15 Evaluation, the proposed method achieves the highest maximum term-weighted value (MTWV) and actual term-weighted value (ATWV) among all other arithmetic-based fusion methods. Usually, discriminative fusion methods employing classifiers can outperform arithmetic-based fusion methods. A DNN-based fusion method is explored in this work. After word-burst information is added, the DNN-based fusion method outperforms all other methods. In addition, it is notable that our arithmetic-based method achieves the same MTWV as the DNN-based method.
Painting the Nation

Politics and art have throughout history, intersected in diverse and complex ways. Ideologies and political systems have used the arts to create a certain image and, depending on the form of government this has varied from clear-cut state propaganda, to patronage, to more indirect arms-length funding procedures. Therefore, artists working within the macro-level socio-political context cannot help but be influenced, inspired and sometimes restricted by these policies and political influences. This article examines the contemporary art markets of two emerging, Socialist economies to investigate the relationship between state politics and the contemporary visual arts market. We argue that the respective governments and art worlds are trying to construct a brand narrative for their nations, but that these discourses are often at cross-purposes. In doing so, we illustrate that it is impossible to separate a consideration of the artwork from the macro-level context in which it is produced, distributed, and consumed.
Decade of Difference (1995—2005)

Background: Massive retirements, increased expectations, and mounting political pressures have resulted in a diminished talent pool for school superintendents. For school boards of the 124 school districts on Long Island, New York, the selection of a superintendent has been further complicated by sky-rocketing taxes and scandals leading to an erosion of trust. To address an increasing number of superintendent vacancies in this region, the majority of local boards hire search consultants. Purpose: This study examines, compares, and assesses the search consultants' process in securing superintendent candidates on Long Island within the social, political, and economic context existing in 1995 and 2005 to determine similarities and differences within the decade. Research Design: For this qualitative case study, search consultants serving Long Island were identified, and in-depth interviews were conducted, tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with coding formulated based on emerging themes. Findings: Long Island boards select predominately retired local superintendents as search consultants and prefer experienced neighboring superintendents to fill vacancies. Consultants rely on outreach for recruitment of candidates, recommend “silent searches,” facilitate school community stakeholders' participation in construction of a candidate's profile, endorse criminal and credit checks, and serve to neutralize negativity toward and/or between board members. Through succession planning, more women are assuming superintendencies; there is no gain for people of color. Conclusions: Mandatory board training targeting effective group decision making and values clarification, use of data, mentoring and advocacy of underrepresentative aspirants, and succession planning appear advisable to attract a broader talent pool and increase diversity in the superintendency.
Controlling the Depth of Anesthesia by Using Extended DMC

Monitoring and controlling the depth of anesthesia is really important, since over dosing and under dosing can be dangerous for the patients. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic models vastly used for describing the relationship between input anesthetic agents and output patient endpoint variables. As there is a large variety between the patients so for controlling the depth of anesthesia we need a controller which should be robust enough and also because the anesthesia process is nonlinear and contains time delay, among them all the proposed methods for controlling the depth of anesthesia, model predictive controllers (MPCs) are good choices. Extended dynamic matrix control (EDMC) can be applied to nonlinear process control. In this method, control inputs are determined based on a linear model that approximates the process and is updated during each sampling interval. Science nonlinear relation still exists between the prediction error and the control input, numerical methods are used to solve the optimization problem defined in the method. The results showed that the performance of EDMC with or without presence of the noise and disturbance is better than GPC and also it is more robust.
Bacterial-Epithelial Contact Is a Key Determinant of Host Innate Immune Responses to Enteropathogenic and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

Background Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and Enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli have similar, but distinct clinical symptoms and modes of pathogenesis. Nevertheless when they infect the gastrointestinal tract, it is thought that their flagellin causes IL-8 release leading to neutrophil recruitment and gastroenteritis. However, this may not be the whole story as the effect of bacterial adherence to IEC innate response(s) remains unclear. Therefore, we have characterized which bacterial motifs contribute to the innate epithelial response to EPEC and EAEC, using a range of EPEC and EAEC isogenic mutant strains. Methodology Caco-2 and HEp-2 cell lines were exposed to prototypical EPEC strain E2348/69 or EAEC strain O42, in addition to a range of isogenic mutant strains. E69 [LPS, non-motile, non-adherent, type three secretion system (TTSS) negative, signalling negative] or O42 [non-motile, non-adherent]. IL-8 and CCL20 protein secretion was measured. Bacterial surface structures were assessed by negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy. The Fluorescent-actin staining test was carried out to determine bacterial adherence. Results Previous studies have reported a balance between the host pro-inflammatory response and microbial suppression of this response. In our system an overall balance towards the host pro-inflammatory response is seen with the E69 WT and to a greater extent O42 WT, which is in fit with clinical symptoms. On removal of the external EPEC structures flagella, LPS, BFP, EspA and EspC; and EAEC flagella and AAF, the host inflammatory response is reduced. However, removal of E69 lymphostatin increases the host inflammatory response suggesting involvement in the bacterial mediated anti-inflammatory response. Conclusion Epithelial responses were due to combinations of bacterial agonists, with host-bacterial contact a key determinant of these innate responses. Host epithelial recognition was offset by the microbe's ability to down-regulate the inflammatory response. Understanding the complexity of this host-microbial balance will contribute to improved vaccine design for infectious gastroenteritis.
Java PathExplorer: A Runtime Verification Tool

We describe recent work on designing an environment, called Java PathExplorer, for monitoring the execution of Java programs. This environment facilitates the testing of execution traces against high level speci cations, including temporal logic formulae. In addition, it contains algorithms for detecting classical error patterns in concurrent programs, such as deadlocks and data races. An initial prototype of the tool has been applied to the executive module of the planetary Rover K9, developed at NASA Ames. In this paper we describe the background and motivation for the development of this tool, including comments on how it relates to formal methods tools as well as to traditional testing, and we then present the tool itself.
Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT

This article questions the validity of the pedagogic model based on the native speaker-based notion of communicative competence. With its standardized native speaker norms, the model is found to be utopian, unrealistic, and constraining in relation to English as an International Language (EIL). It is utopian not only because native speakership is a linguistic myth, but also because it portrays a monolithic perception of the native speaker’s language and culture, by referring chiefly to mainstream ways of thinking and behaving. It is unrealistic because it fails to reflect the lingua franca status of English. It is constraining in that it circumscribes both teacher and learner autonomy by associating the concept of authenticity with the social milieu of the native speaker.
Characterization of Potent Fusion Inhibitors of Influenza Virus

New inhibitors of influenza viruses are needed to combat the potential emergence of novel human influenza viruses. We have identified a class of small molecules that inhibit replication of influenza virus at picomolar concentrations in plaque reduction assays. The compound also inhibits replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Time of addition and dilution experiments with influenza virus indicated that an early time point of infection was blocked and that inhibitor 136 tightly bound to virions. Using fluorescently labeled influenza virus, inhibition of viral fusion to cellular membranes by blocked lipid mixing was established as the mechanism of action for this class of inhibitors. Stabilization of the neutral pH form of hemagglutinin (HA) was ruled out by trypsin digestion studies in vitro and with conformation specific HA antibodies within cells. Direct visualization of 136 treated influenza virions at pH 7.5 or acidified to pH 5.0 showed that virions remain intact and that glycoproteins become disorganized as expected when HA undergoes a conformational change. This suggests that exposure of the fusion peptide at low pH is not inhibited but lipid mixing is inhibited, a different mechanism than previously reported fusion inhibitors. We hypothesize that this new class of inhibitors intercalate into the virus envelope altering the structure of the viral envelope required for fusion to cellular membranes.
The effect of secondary school study skills preparation on first‐year university achievement

Although many studies have revealed the importance of study skills for students' first‐year performance and college retention, the extent of the impact of study skills preparation on students' academic achievement is less clear. This paper explores the impact of pre‐university study skills preparation on students' first‐year study experiences, academic achievement and persistence. The setting for this study is a large law school in the Netherlands which attracts students from more than 100 schools for secondary education. The results show that the perceived study skills preparation concerning time management and learning skills does have a positive impact on college students' first‐year study behaviour and academic achievement. However, the study also shows that the impact of perceived college preparation is far less important for college retention than other factors such as satisfaction about the chosen degree programme and tutorial attendance.
Making unique choices or being like others: How priming self‐concepts influences advertising effectiveness

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that priming independent and interdependent self-concepts affects responses to advertisements. In Experiment 1, for a privately consumed product, the influence of product assortment size on ad effectiveness was moderated by the accessibility of these self-concepts. Experiment 2 replicated this finding for a publicly consumed product and also examined an additional ad feature, consensus information. Ad effectiveness was enhanced by larger product assortment only when the independent self-concept was primed and by the presence of consensus information only when the interdependent self-concept was primed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Afterglow light curves, viewing angle and the jet structure of γ-ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts are often modelled as jet-like outflows directed towards the observer; the cone angle of the jet is then commonly inferred from the time at which there is a steepening in the power-law decay of the afterglow. We consider an alternative model in which the jet has a beam pattern where the luminosity per unit solid angle (and perhaps also the initial Lorentz factor) decreases smoothly away from the axis, rather than having a well-defined cone angle within which the flow is uniform. We show that the break in the afterglow light curve then occurs at a time that depends on the viewing angle. Instead of implying a range of intrinsically different jets – some very narrow, and others with a similar power spread over a wider cone – the data on afterglow breaks could be consistent with a standardized jet, viewed from different angles. We discuss the implication of this model for the luminosity function.