Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Immunoglobulin G Fc Receptors by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: a Specific Role for Antibodies against the Membrane-Proximal External Region of gp41

ABSTRACT Receptors (FcγRs) for the constant region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are an important link between humoral immunity and cellular immunity. To help define the role of FcγRs in determining the fate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immune complexes, cDNAs for the four major human Fcγ receptors (FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, and FcγRIIIa) were stably expressed by lentiviral transduction in a cell line (TZM-bl) commonly used for standardized assessments of HIV-1 neutralization. Individual cell lines, each expressing a different FcγR, bound human IgG, as evidence that the physical properties of the receptors were preserved. In assays with a HIV-1 multisubtype panel, the neutralizing activities of two monoclonal antibodies (2F5 and 4E10) that target the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of gp41 were potentiated by FcγRI and, to a lesser extent, by FcγRIIb. Moreover, the neutralizing activity of an HIV-1-positive plasma sample known to contain gp41 MPER-specific antibodies was potentiated by FcγRI. The neutralizing activities of monoclonal antibodies b12 and 2G12 and other HIV-1-positive plasma samples were rarely affected by any of the four FcγRs. Effects with gp41 MPER-specific antibodies were moderately stronger for IgG1 than for IgG3 and were ineffective for Fab. We conclude that FcγRI and FcγRIIb facilitate antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 by a mechanism that is dependent on the Fc region, IgG subclass, and epitope specificity of antibody. The FcγR effects seen here suggests that the MPER of gp41 could have greater value for vaccines than previously recognized.
The Countercyclical Behaviour of National Development Banks in Latin America and the Caribbean

This chapter investigates the cyclical lending patterns of national development banks (NDBs), comparing their lending activity with that of public, foreign, and domestic private banks over the period of 1995–2014. It finds robust evidence that national development and public retail-oriented banks have counteracted the slowdown in the lending activity of private banks during crises by significantly increasing their provision of loans. This is particularly important when considering productive lending to the corporate sector. NDBs’ size, governance structure, and financial conditions are crucial in ensuring that the countercyclical response is effective in mitigating the macroeconomic effects of financial turmoil. In addition, it is important that special and innovative credit lines are designed in line with the specific needs of companies in times of crisis.
Genetic variation of in vitro cytolytic activity and in vivo rejection potential of non‐immunized semi‐syngeneic mice against a mouse lymphoma line

Spleens of normal young mice of certain genotypes contain lymphocytes that can kill strain A‐derived YAC‐1 and some other in vitro‐grown Moloney lymphoma lines in a 51Cr‐release cytotoxic test. We have previously shown that mouse strains can be classified as high or low reactors in this test. F1 hybrids between low‐ and high‐reactive strains are high‐reactive. In the present study, strain‐A mice and eight different A F1 hybrids were tested in parallel for their spleen‐cell‐mediated killing effect in vitro and their ability to reject graded numbers of YAC ascites or in vitro cultivated cells in vivo. There was a clear correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo rejection in all tested genotypes. In segregating (A × C57Bl) × A backcross mice, in vivo rejection of YAC cells was H‐2 linked. This is in line with the earlier backcross analysis of the in vitro cytotoxicity, suggesting a polygenic control with at least one H‐2 linked factor.
Deployable filtering architectures against large denial-of-service attacks

Denial-of-Service attacks continue to grow in size and frequency despite serious underreporting. While several research solutions have been proposed over the years, they have had important deployment hurdles that have prevented them from seeing any significant level of deployment on the Internet. Commercial solutions exist, but they are costly and generally are not meant to scale to Internet-wide levels. In this thesis we present three filtering architectures against large Denial-of-Service attacks. Their emphasis is in providing an effective solution against such attacks while using simple mechanisms in order to overcome the deployment hurdles faced by other solutions. While these are well-suited to being implemented in fast routing hardware, in the early stages of deployment this is unlikely to be the case. Because of this, we implemented them on low-cost off-the-shelf hardware and evaluated their performance on a network testbed. The results are very encouraging: this setup allows us to forward traffic on a single PC at rates of millions of packets per second even for minimum-sized packets, while at the same time processing as many as one million filters; this gives us confidence that the architecture as a whole could combat even the large botnets currently being reported. Better yet, we show that this single-PC performance scales well with the number of CPU cores and network interfaces, which is promising for our solutions if we consider the current trend in processor design. In addition to using simple mechanisms, we discuss how the architectures provide clear incentives for ISPs that adopt them early, both at the destination as well as at the sources of attacks. The hope is that these will be sufficient to achieve some level of initial deployment. The larger goal is to have an architectural solution against large DoS deployed in place before even more harmful attacks take place; this thesis is hopefully a step in that direction.
Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in Israeli adolescents: results from a national mental health survey.

BACKGROUND The development of epidemiological instruments has enabled the assessment of mental disorders in youth in countries that plan policy according to evidence-based principles. The Israel Survey of Mental Health among Adolescents (ISMEHA) was conducted in 2004-2005 in a representative sample of 957 adolescents aged 14-17 and their mothers. METHODS The aims of this study were to estimate prevalence rates of internalizing and externalizing mental disorders and their socio-demographic and health correlates. Disorders were ascertained with the Development and Well-Being Assessment inventory and verified by child psychiatrists. RESULTS The prevalence rates were 11.7%, 8.1% and 4.8% for any disorder, internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders, respectively. Distinct risk factors were associated with the different types of disorders: internalizing disorders were associated with female gender, chronic medical conditions and being cared for by a welfare agency. Risk factors for externalizing disorders were male gender, having divorced or single parents, being an only child or having only one sibling. Learning disability was associated with both types of disorders. CONCLUSIONS The risk and protective factors related to internalizing and externalizing disorders are interpreted within the framework of family composition in this multicultural society.
Soft Sister and the Rationalization of the World: The Driving Forces Behind Increased Surveillance

In the discussions concerning the emergence of the surveillance state it is often the "Big Brother" perspective that comes to the fore. The idea is that responses to security threats cause penetration of administration into the lives of individual citizens. However, according to Higgs (2004), increased administrative surveillance caused by security issues is temporary by nature. Surveillance of individual citizens that has a lasting character is always caused by welfare state or "Soft Sister" activities. Moreover, it might be that neither Big Brother nor Soft Sister in and of themselves are the actual causes of the emergence of the surveillance state. Beniger (1986) sees the "control revolution," necessitated by the creation of ever more complex and interrelated systems, as the underlying cause. If increasing surveillance is simply caused by "modernization," it might occur regardless of what we do to fight it. The question then is-Higgs has posed it before-whom do we trust most to perform the surveillance function? Democratically controlled public administration or privately owned companies like Google or MasterCard?
Aggression Levels in Treatment Seeking Inpatients With Alcohol-Related Problems Compared to Levels in the General Population in Hungary

Association between aggression and heavy alcohol use is documented in the literature in various disparate samples and settings. Comparison of trait aggression levels using a uniform methodology across different samples is almost entirely lacking. This study compared trait aggression levels of treated inpatients with severe alcohol-related problems with those of a nationally representative sample of the general adult population using the same methodology. Results indicated that in the patient population the trait aggression levels were substantially higher than in the general population. Because several studies have demonstrated that aggressive personality traits are closely linked with violence after drinking alcohol, our results further highlight the importance of treatment programs in this at-risk population. From a methodological perspective, the higher trait aggression level of inpatients with alcohol-related problems compared with the general population supports the assumption that the underrepresentation of alcoholics in the population surveys may restrict the range in the severity of alcohol use and dependence, and may therefore produce severely biased results in such studies.
The penetration of business excellence model approach and interconnection with corporate social responsibility in emerging country: a case study in the Czech Republic

The paper provides a general approach to explore the suitability of business excellence models (BEMs) to include corporate social responsibility (CSR) and found the synergic approach in deploying issues of BEMs and CSR. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the BEMs approach and found the relevance of the issues of social responsibility. As an example was involved the Czech organisations awarded in national quality award (NQA) in the area of excellence and social responsibility in 2016. This study is based on information gathered through an extensive literature review using research databases, and the available CSR reporting. The study is expected to help in reviewing national business excellence strategies and promote the involvement of the organisations into NQA. Although BEMs and CSR have been demonstrated on a theoretical level, practice points to different outputs and the organisation are only sporadically synergistically propel these two approaches.
The Convergence in Product‐Level Relative Productivity Across Provinces

This paper uses highly disaggregated data to analyze the convergence process in product‐level relative productivity across Spanish provinces. Over the period 1988‐2013 there is a 53 per cent reduction in product‐level relative productivity differences across provinces. The speed of convergence in product‐level productivity is faster than in income per capita. Provinces that are geographically close, have strong ties and share similar factor endowments become more similar in product‐level relative productivities.
Patient-Centeredness: A Best Practice for HBCU Health Professional Education Programs.

This study examined the influence of physicians' and nurses' patient-centeredness on the satisfaction of African American female Medicaid patients. A multigroup structural equation modeling design was used to test the hypothesized model and its stability across national random test (Nt=98) and cross-validation (Ncv=296) samples. The model fit well. Physician and nurse patient-centeredness significantly and consistently influenced patient satisfaction, explaining 73% of its variance. One standardized deviation increase in physician patient-centeredness increased patient satisfaction, likelihood to recommend, and ratings of care by . 698, . 665, and . 644 deviations. The corresponding effects for nursing were . 643, . 613, and . 594. These effects were consistent across national random samples. The study offers an evidenced-based model that sheds light on provider patient-centered-ness' influence on African American female Medicaid patient satisfaction.
Polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene affects the outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome*

Objective:There has been increasing evidence that angiotensin II may play an important role in the pathogenesis and in the evolution of acute lung injury. It was therefore hypothesized that polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene affects the risk and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Design:Prospective, observational study. Patients and Settings:The ARDS group consisted of 101 patients treated at the medical intensive care unit; the control groups consisted of 138 “at-risk” patients treated at the medical intensive care unit due to acute respiratory failure but did not meet the ARDS criteria throughout the hospital course, and 210 non–at-risk subjects. Intervention:None. Measurements and Main Results:The ARDS patients and control subjects were genotyped for the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. Association of the polymorphism and the risk and the outcome of ARDS was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the genotypes between the ARDS, at-risk, and non–at-risk groups. The 28-day mortality rates were significantly different between the three angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes (42%, 65%, and 75% for II, ID, and DD, respectively; p = .036). Survival analysis showed that the II genotype favorably affected 28-day survival (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.81; p = .007), whereas ARDS caused by hospital-acquired pneumonia had a negative effect (hazard ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–4.40; p = .008). The II genotype (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.87; p = .012) and ARDS caused by hospital-acquired pneumonia (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–3.68; p = .006) were also significant prognostic factors for the in-hospital mortality. Conclusions:The angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is a significant prognostic factor for the outcome of ARDS. Patients with the II genotype have a significantly better chance of survival. This study did not show an increased risk for ARDS in Chinese patients with the D allele.
Y‐STRs in Forensic Medicine: DNA Analysis in Semen Samples of Azoospermic Individuals

ABSTRACT: The incidence of rape has increased, especially in metropolitan areas, such as the city of São Paulo. In Brazil, studies about it have shown that the majority of this type of crime is committed by the relatives and persons close to the victim. This has made the crime more difficult to be denounced, as only 10% of the cases are reported to competent police authorities. Usually, cytological exams are carried out in sex crime investigations. The difficulty in showing the presence of spermatozoa is frequent, but it does not exclude the presence of male DNA. The absence of spermatozoa in material collected from rape victims can be due to several factors, including the fact that the agressor suffers from azoospermia. This condition can be the result of a successful vasectomy. As the majority of DNA in the ejaculation sample is from spermatozoa, there is much less DNA to be analyzed. This study presents the application of Y‐STRs (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) in DNA analysis of sperm samples from 105 vasectomized men. The study demonstrated a great variation in DNA concentration. DNA extraction and amplification was possible in all sperm samples even in the absence of spermatozoa. The same profile was observed, for each individual, from DNA extracted from blood, pre‐ and postvasectomy semen samples. The use of markers specific for Y chromosome in sex crime cases, especially in the absence of spermatozoa, is very important, mainly because in most situations there is a small quantity of the agressor's DNA in the medium and a large quantity of the victim's DNA.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF YOUNG BROWN DWARFS AND VERY LOW MASS STARS INFERRED FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL SPECTRA

By comparing near-infrared spectra with atmospheric models, we infer the effective temperature, surface gravity, projected rotational velocity, and radial velocity for 21 very low mass stars and brown dwarfs. The unique sample consists of two sequences in spectral type from M6–M9, one of 5–10 Myr objects and one of >1 Gyr field objects. A third sequence is comprised of only ∼M6 objects with ages ranging from <1 Myr to >1 Gyr. Spectra were obtained in the J band at medium (R ∼ 2000) and high (R ∼ 20,000) resolutions with NIRSPEC on the Keck II telescope. Synthetic spectra were generated from atmospheric structures calculated with the PHOENIX model atmosphere code. Using multi-dimensional least-squares fitting and Monte Carlo routines we determine the best-fit model parameters for each observed spectrum and note which spectral regions provide consistent results. We identify successes in the reproduction of observed features by atmospheric models, including pressure-broadened K i lines, and investigate deficiencies in the models, particularly missing FeH opacity, that will need to be addressed in order to extend our analysis to cooler objects. The precision that can be obtained for each parameter using medium- and high-resolution near-infrared spectra is estimated and the implications for future studies of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs are discussed.
Inducing transient language disruptions by mapping of Broca's area with modified patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol.

OBJECT Until now there has been no reliable stimulation protocol for inducing transient language disruptions while mapping Broca's area. Despite the promising data of only a few studies in which speech arrest and language disturbances have been induced, certain concerns have been raised. The purpose of this study was to map Broca's area by using event-related navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) to generate a modified patterned nTMS protocol. METHODS Eleven right-handed subjects underwent nTMS to Broca's area while engaged in a visual object-naming task. Navigated TMS was triggered 300 msec after picture presentation. The modified patterned nTMS protocol consists of 4 stimuli with an interstimulus interval of 6 msec; 8 or 16 of those bursts were repeated with a burst repetition rate of 12 Hz. Prior to mapping of Broca's area, the primary motor cortices (M1) for hand and laryngeal muscles were mapped. The Euclidian distance on MRI was measured between cortical points eliciting transient language disruptions and M1 for the laryngeal muscle. RESULTS On stimulating Broca's area, transient language disruptions were induced in all subjects. The mean Euclidian distance between cortical spots inducing transient language disruptions and M1 for the laryngeal muscle was 17.23 ± 4.73 mm. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation paradigm with the modified patterned nTMS protocol was shown to be promising and might gain more widespread use in speech localization in clinical and research applications.
The genesis of the Philippine Communist Party.

Unlike communist parties elsewhere in Asia, the Partido Komunista sa Pilipinas (PKP) was constituted almost entirely by activists from the working class. Radical intellectuals, professionals and other middle class elements were conspicuously absent. More particularly, the PKP was rooted in the Manila labour movement and, to a lesser extent, in the peasant movement of Central Luzon. This study explores these origins and then examines the character, outlook and performance of the Party in the first three years of its existence (1930-33). Socialist ideas began to circulate during the early 1900s, but were not given durable organisational expression until 1922, when a Workers' Party was formed. Led by cadres from the country's principal labour federation, the Congreso Obrero, this party aligned its policies increasingly with those of the Comintern. The struggle for independence, it asserted, had been betrayed by the Filipino elite and should be spearheaded instead by the toiling masses. Between 1925 and 1928 the influence of the Workers' Party within the Congreso Obrero grew steadily, resulting most notably in the affiliation of the federation to a subsidiary of the Profintern. As the Workers' Party adopted the ultra-leftist and sectarian positions which characterised the Comintern's "third period", however, it attracted mounting hostility from moderate and conservative labourites, and in 1929 the Congreso Obrero split apart. The radical faction thereupon formed a "red" trade union centre which the following year was instrumental in establishing the PKP on the foundations the Workers' Party had laid. Highly belligerent in its stance, the PKP was quickly subjected to government persecution, and for this and other reasons was unable to make much headway during the depression years in either city or countryside.
Measuring and improving the quality of experience of mobile voice over IP

Les reseaux mobiles 4G bases sur la norme LTE (Long Term Evolution), sont des reseaux tout IP. Les differents problemes de transport IP comme le retard, la gigue et la perte despaquets peuvent fortement degrader la qualite des communications temps reel telles que la telephonie. Les operateurs ont mis en oeuvre des mecanismes d’optimisation du transport de la voix dans le reseau afin d'ameliorer la qualite percue. Cependant, les algorithmes proprietaires de gestion de la qualite dans les terminaux ne sont pas specifies dans les standards. Dans ce contexte, nous nous interessons aux mecanismes d'adaptation de media, integres dans les terminaux afin d'ameliorer la qualite d’experience (QoE). En particulier, nous evaluons de maniere experimentale des metriques QoE de la voix sur LTE (VoLTE) en utilisant une methode de test standardisee. Nous proposons d’ameliorer la methode de test et discutons la maniere dont cette methode peut etre etendue pour evaluer les performances du buffer de gigue. Nous evaluons egalement de maniere experimentale la qualite de WebRTC dans differentes conditions radios en utilisant un reseau reel. Nous evaluons l'impact du buffer de gigue et de la variation du debit sur la qualite mesuree. Pour ameliorer la robustesse des codecs contre la perte de paquets, nous proposons d’utiliser une redondance simple au niveau applicatif. Nous implementons cette redondance pour le codec EVS (Enhanced Voice Service) et nous evaluons ses performances. Enfin, nous proposons un protocole de signalisation qui permet d’envoyer des requetes de redondance au cours d’une communication afin d’activer ou desactiver celle-ci dynamiquement.