Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NSTAT: A Model-based Real-time Network Intrusion Detection System

The Reliable Software Group at UCSB has developed a new approach to representing computer penetrations. This approach models penetrations as a series of state transitions described in terms of signature actions and state assertions. State transition representations are written to correspond to the states of an actual computer system, and they form the basis of a rule-based expert system for detecting penetrations. The system is called the State Transition Analysis Tool (STAT). On a network filesystem where the files are distributed on many hosts and where each host mounts directories from the others, actions on each host computer need to be audited. A natural extension of the STAT effort is to run the system on audit data collected by multiple hosts. This means an audit mechanism needs to be run on each host. However, running an implementation of STAT on each host would result in inefficient use of computer resources. In addition, the possibility of having cooperative attacks on different hosts would make detection difficult. Therefore, for the distributed version of STAT, called NSTAT, there is a single STAT process with a single, chronological audit trail. We are currently designing a client/server approach to the problem. The client side has two threads: a producer that reads and filters the audit trail and a consumer that sends it to the server. The server side merges the filtered information from the various clients and performs the analysis.
Nonspecific Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer with Cell Wall Skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus e-1

Department of Chest Surgery, Kyushu Cancer Center, Notame 595, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 8 15 (K. V., H. M., E. V., N. N., H. U., N. H., M. 0.); Department of Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Kyushu University Medical School, Maidashi 3-1-1 , Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8 12 (K. N.); Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 (I. A. ]; and The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Fukushima 1-1-50, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553 (V. V. ], Japan
DESIGNING EMOTIONAL AWARENESS DEVICES: WHAT ONE SEES IS WHAT ONE FEELS

La comunicacion interpersonal requiere mas que solamente palabras, involucra emociones. En terminos generales las emociones pueden ser vistas como estados internos complejamente organizados. El Awareness de estos estados permitiria a los seres humanos evaluar la informacion social y desarrollar inteligencia social estrategica y, por lo tanto, las acciones cotidianas estarian tenidas de significado social y emocional. Este articulo reporta una experiencia que busca permitir un dialogo basado en emociones expresadas, capturadas y transmitidas entre diversos participantes usando interfaces tangibles. Ademas, se explota el significado social de objetos fisicos y cotidianos como un portarretratos, con el fin de crear interfaces afectivas entre usuarios dispersos geograficamente. En este articulo se describe un dispositivo que permite un tipo de Awareness emocional apoyando la interaccion interpersonal y afectiva entre personas distantes geograficamente.
Performance Evaluation of Bangla Word Recognition Using Different Acoustic Features

This paper describes a medium size Bangla speech corpus preparation and the comparison of the performances of different acoustic features for Bangla word recognition. A small number of speakers are use for most of the Bangla automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, but 40 speakers selected from a wide area of Bangladesh, where Bangla is used as a native language, are involved here. In the experiments, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and local features (LFs) are inputted the hidden Markov model (HMM) based classifiers for obtaining word recognition performance. From the experiments, it is shown that MFCC based method of 39 dimensions provides a higher word correct rate (WCR) than the other methods investigated. Moreover, a higher WCR is obtained by the MFCC39-based method with fewer mixture components in the HMM. Keywords—mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, local features, hidden Markov model, automatic speech recognition, acoustic features
User behavior prediction: A combined model of topic level influence and contagion interaction

People post, share and adopt short text/multimedia messages in OSNs every day. Understanding and being able to predict user behaviors in OSNs can be helpful for several areas such as viral marketing and advertisement. In this paper we propose a probabilistic model which combines the impacts from message interactions and topic level social influence to predict the user behavior of adopting contagions. Using two datasets: a collected Weibo data and a DBLP citation network, we testify that the combined model could predict user behavior more accurately.
First time to exit of a continuous Itô process: General moment estimates and L1 -convergence rate for discrete time approximations

We establish general moment estimates for the discrete and continuous exit times of a general It\^{o} process in terms of the distance to the boundary. These estimates serve as intermediate steps to obtain strong convergence results for the approximation of a continuous exit time by a discrete counterpart, computed on a grid. In particular, we prove that the discrete exit time of the Euler scheme of a diffusion converges in the $L_1$ norm with an order $1/2$ with respect to the mesh size.
Elliptical Slice Sampling with Expectation Propagation

Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques remain the gold standard for approximate Bayesian inference, but their practical issues — including onerous runtime and sensitivity to tuning parameters — often lead researchers to use faster but typically less accurate deterministic approximations. Here we couple the fast but biased deterministic approximation offered by expectation propagation with elliptical slice sampling, a state-of-the-art MCMC method. We extend our hybrid deterministic-MCMC method to include recycled samples and analytical slices, and we rigorously prove the validity of each enhancement. Taken together, we show that these advances provide an order of magnitude gain in efficiency beyond existing state-of-the-art sampling techniques in Bayesian classification and multivariate gaussian quadrature problems.
Telmisartan inhibits both oxidative stress and renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in acatalasemic mice.

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species are involved in many of the angiotensin II signalling pathways. We have thus investigated whether the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, telmisartan, can inhibit the accelerated renal fibrosis and excess oxidative stress, which occurs after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in acatalasemic mice. METHODS The effect of daily intraperitoneal injection of telmisartan (0.1-0.3 mg/kg body weight) on the renal tubulointerstitial injury induced by UUO has been studied in homozygous acatalasemic mutant mice (C3H/AnLCs b Cs b) and wild-type mice (C3H/AnLCs a Cs a). We evaluated the systemic blood pressure of the mice on the seventh day. In addition, the tubulointerstitial expression of collagens type I and type IV, the p22-, p47- and p67-phox subunits of NADPH oxidase, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal lipid peroxidation products were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The level of apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labelling analysis, while the mRNA level of the p22-, p47- and p67-phox subunits was quantified by real-time PCR. The renal content of each of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was determined by specific assay. RESULTS Obstructed kidneys from acatalasemic mice exhibited increased tubulointerstitial deposition in dilated tubules of collagens type I and IV, lipid peroxidation products, and the p22/p47/p67-phox subunits of NADPH oxidase. The level of the p22/p47/p67-phox subunit mRNA, and of apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells, was also increased compared with those from wild-type kidneys. Treatment with telmisartan attenuated all of the changes and prevented renal fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner; despite the low dose (0.1 mg/kg). The treatment did not lower the systemic blood pressure. The catalase activity remained low in acatalasemic obstructed kidneys without compensatory upregulation of glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activity; the level of neither anti-oxidant enzymes in obstructed kidneys was affected by telmisartan. CONCLUSIONS The AT1 receptor antagonist telmisartan ameliorated renal fibrosis after UUO by inhibition of oxidative stress, even under acatalasemic conditions.
Structure-Based Protein-Ligand Binding

This lecture first talked about the uncertainty and dynamics in the protein-ligand docking, and then reviewed some methods for flexible protein-ligand docking. In this subsection, we will talk about the possible uncertainties in crystal structures from X-ray diffraction. Interpretation of X-ray raw data. The raw diffraction data are generally converted to an electron density map by inverting the Fourier transformation after determining the pluses. More precisely, the electron density ρ(x, y, z) is written by where V is the volume of the unit cell, and F (hkl) is the structure factor, and α(hkl) is the phase angle. Then a solid atomic model is used to interpret the density map by iteratively adjusting the model parameters, such as the atomic coordinates. During the interpretation of the density map data, we need to consider the following factors: (1) Missing or uninterpretable densities. During the interpretation of the density map data, the missing or uninterpretable densities need to be corrected according to the crystallographers' experience. (2) Resolution of the data. The resolution of the data is expressed inÅ. The resolution of a diffraction pattern, d min , can be obtained by 1
Adaptive driver assistance system based on Traffic Information Saliency Map

In this paper, we propose a framework that can prevent accidents due to careless or inattentive driving by providing the necessary traffic information to the driver. The proposed system complements the driver by providing the missed cognitive information regarding the traffic. The proposed system is divided into three parts. First, the system checks the condition of the driver in real time, and detects the status of the driver in terms of driving ability. Second, we propose bottom-up and top-down processes based on Traffic Information Saliency Map (TISM) which contains the distribution corresponding to the external road information using bottom-up traffic information saliency map and top-down importance information such as pedestrian and traffic light detection results. Computer experimental results show that the proposed method works well for monitoring of internal situation for driver's attention as well as external environment.
The Next Generation Information Infrastructure for International Trade

Regulators and actors in international trade are facing a difficult challenge of increasing control and security while at the same time lowering the administrative burden for traders. As a tentative response, the European Commission has introduced the concept of "trusted traders": certified traders that are in control of their business. Trusted traders are entitled to trade facilitations, faster border crossing, and fewer physical inspections. To enable the use of trusted traders, changes are required to the information infrastructure (II) of international trade. This article complements existing works on e-Government interoperability by a theoretically driven approach with theoretical development of the II concept and how II can be modified as additional focus. Following the principles of IS design research, this paper presents a design proposition for the II of international trade. Using theories of II development and change as kernel theory, our proposition presents a redesign of IT, organizational, human, and change and collaboration elements. The design proposition was evaluated and verified with proof of concept installations and a stakeholder value assessment. The paper contributes to the domain of II and how they may be changed to meet new requirements.
Universality of nonperturbative effects in c < 1 noncritical string theory

Nonperturbative effects in c < 1 noncritical string theory are studied using the two-matrix model. Such effects are known to have the form fixed by the string equations but the numerical coefficients have not been calculated so far. Using the method proposed recently, we show that it is possible to determine the coefficients for (p,q) string theory. We find that they are indeed finite in the double scaling limit and universal in the sense that they do not depend on the details of the potential of the two-matrix model.
Power Estimation for Sequential Logic

Recently developed methods for power estimation have primarily focused on combinational logic. In this paper, we present a framework for the eecient and accurate estimation of average power dissipation in sequential circuits. Switching activity is the primary cause of power dissipation in CMOS circuits. Accurate switching activity estimation for sequential circuits is considerably more diicult than that for combinational circuits, because the probability of the circuit being in each of its possible states has to be calculated. The Chapman-Kolmogorov equations can be used to compute the exact state probabilities in steady state. However, this method requires the solution of a linear system of equations of size 2 N where N is the number of ip-ops in the machine. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive framework for exact and approximate switching activity estimation in a sequential circuit. The basic computation step is the solution of a non-linear system of equations which is derived directly from a logic realization of the sequential machine. Increasing the number of variables or the number of equations in the system results in increased accuracy. For a wide variety of examples, we show that the approximation scheme is within 1 ? 3% of the exact method, but is orders of magnitude faster for large circuits. Previous sequential switching activity estimation methods can have signiicantly greater inaccuracies.
Inhibition of Mammalian Legumain by Some Cystatins Is Due to a Novel Second Reactive Site*

We have investigated the inhibition of the recently identified family C13 cysteine peptidase, pig legumain, by human cystatin C. The cystatin was seen to inhibit enzyme activity by stoichiometric 1:1 binding in competition with substrate. TheK i value for the interaction was 0.20 nm, i.e. cystatin C had an affinity for legumain similar to that for the papain-like family C1 cysteine peptidase, cathepsin B. However, cystatin C variants with alterations in the N-terminal region and the “second hairpin loop” that rendered the cystatin inactive against cathepsin B, still inhibited legumain with K i values 0.2–0.3 nm. Complexes between cystatin C and papain inhibited legumain activity against benzoyl-Asn-NHPhNO2 as efficiently as did cystatin C alone. Conversely, cystatin C inhibited papain activity against benzoyl-Arg-NHPhNO2 whether or not the cystatin had been incubated with legumain, strongly indicating that the cystatin inhibited the two enzymes with non-overlapping sites. A ternary complex between legumain, cystatin C, and papain was demonstrated by gel filtration supported by immunoblotting. Screening of a panel of cystatin superfamily members showed that type 1 inhibitors (cystatins A and B) and low M r kininogen (type 3) did not inhibit pig legumain. Of human type 2 cystatins, cystatin D was non-inhibitory, whereas cystatin E/M and cystatin F displayed strong (K i 0.0016 nm) and relatively weak (K i 10 nm) affinity for legumain, respectively. Sequence alignments and molecular modeling led to the suggestion that a loop located on the opposite side to the papain-binding surface, between the α-helix and the first strand of the main β-pleated sheet of the cystatin structure, could be involved in legumain binding. This was corroborated by analysis of a cystatin C variant with substitution of the Asn39 residue in this loop (N39K-cystatin C); this variant showed a slight reduction in affinity for cathepsin B (K i 1.5 nm) but ≫5,000-fold lower affinity for legumain (K i ≫1,000 nm) than wild-type cystatin C.
Stochastic Robustness Controller Design upon Different Ranking Criteria

In order to evaluate the robustness performance of process control system with uncertainties, four quantified stochastic robustness indices are introduced upon some typical stochastic variable ranking criteria. Based on them, four kinds of stochastic robust controller optimization problems are presented to meet the system requirements. To solve the multi-objective stochastic programming problems, NSGA-II algorithm combined with Monte-Carlo experiments are utilized to obtain the Pareto robustness solutions. The methods are applied to a steam-turbine generator set control system design. The simulation results demonstrate better robustness performance compared with those obtained under nominal parameter condition. Further more, detailed comparison among the four methods reveals their unique character, in which pessimistic value criterion method is considered to be relatively the best.
PRECISE GLOBAL DEM GENERATION BY ALOS PRISM

Abstract. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) generated the global digital elevation/surface model (DEM/DSM) and orthorectified image (ORI) using the archived data of the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS, nicknamed "Daichi"), which was operated from 2006 to 2011. PRISM consisted of three panchromatic radiometers that acquired along-track stereo images. It had a spatial resolution of 2.5 m in the nadir-looking radiometer and achieved global coverage, making it a suitable potential candidate for precise global DSM and ORI generation. In the past 10 years or so, JAXA has conducted the calibration of the system corrected standard products of PRISM in order to improve absolute accuracies as well as to validate the high-level products such as DSM and ORI. In this paper, we introduce an overview of the global DEM/DSM dataset generation project, including a summary of ALOS and PRISM, in addition to the global data archive status. It is also necessary to consider data processing strategies, since the processing capabilities of the level 1 standard product and the high-level products must be developed in terms of both hardware and software to achieve the project aims. The automatic DSM/ORI processing software and its test processing results are also described.
Anticipated Capitalization of the Santiago Metro System on Housing Prices

Housing units with closer access to public transportation enjoy a higher market value than those with similar characteristics but poorer access. This difference can be explained by the less expensive cost of transport to the main workplaces and shopping areas in town. For this reason, investments in public transport infrastructure, for example, building a new metro line, are capitalized totally or partially on land property and housing prices. This work analyzes empirically the degree of capitalization on housing prices when the new Line 4 of the Santiago de Chile Metro System was built. In particular, and given that the new line started operating in December 2005, the degree of anticipated capitalization on housing prices at the moment of announcing construction of Line 4 and at the moment of informing on the basic engineering to determine the location of the stations has been estimated. A unique data base has been used, containing all home buying and selling operations in the Greater Santiago between December 2000 and March 2004. The results show that the average apartment price rose between 3.3% and 4.4% as a consequence of having announced the construction, and between 4.5% and 5.7% after information on the location of the stations was made known. This increase was not distributed evenly but depended on the distance to the closest station. An indirect effect of this kind of capitalization is that property tax collection increases if landed property is reassessed according to the price rise. This effect is not negligible in magnitude and could stand for a minimum between 14% and 20% of investment in the new metro line, which gives way to an interesting discussion with respect to the form of financing the metro network extension.
The conserved role of Smu1 in splicing is characterized in its mammalian temperature-sensitive mutant

Temperature-sensitive CHO-K1 mutant cell line tsTM18 exhibits chromosomal instability and cell-cycle arrest at S and G2 phases with decreased DNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature, 39°C. We previously identified an amino acid substitution in Smu1 that underlies the temperature-sensitive phenotypes of tsTM18 cells. In the present study, we confirmed that Smu1 is associated with the temperature-sensitive defect of tsTM18 by RNA interference. We also found an early temperature effect in DNA synthesis. Because genetic studies of nematodes revealed that smu-1 is involved in splicing of the unc52/perlecan pre-mRNA, we analysed the perlecan transcript in tsTM18 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The perlecan PCR product amplified from RNA of tsTM18 cells cultured at 39°C appeared to be a mixture of variants. Sequence analysis identified at least six variants that result from alternative splicing and intron retention. Comparison of the results of perlecan RT-PCR analysis with those of analysis of four other genes suggested that the splicing defect in the perlecan gene is unique and that it is conserved through evolution.
Numeration and Comparison of Two Kinds of Lyapunov Dimensions in Autonomous Chaotic Flows

The relation and the difference of two kinds of Lyapunov dimensions in autonomous chaotic flows is investigated, namely, Kaplan-Yorke dimension and Sprott dimension. The former was conjectured by Kaplan and Yorke, and the latter was constructed by J.C. Sprott by using a polynomial interpolation rather than a linear one of Kaplan-Yorke dimension, but both are approximated from the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. The attractors are selected from lower to higher dimensions, even one has a dimension almost reaching to 3 or in excess of 3. The differences of these two dimensions in autonomous chaotic attractors are made clear with nonlinear time series analysis and the results are illustrated by Lyapunov-exponent spectrum, Lyapunov dimension and so on. The approximation of these two dimensions is interpreted and compared with the correlation dimension for every chaotic attractor respectively.
Reducing positioning errors in the important access point selection method for fingerprint localization by spatial partitioning

Recently, as the interest of location based services has increased, research on indoor positioning technology has been actively conducted. In particular, methods on fingerprinting that is less affected by obstacles has become a promising approach. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce positioning errors in the important access point selection method for fingerprint localization by spatial partitioning.