Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BONNET’S THEOREM AND VARIATIONS OF ARC LENGTH

This paper aims to give a basis for an introduction to variations of arc length and Bonnet’s Theorem. To do this, it will begin by defining the first and second fundamental forms of surfaces and by using them to define Gaussian curvature. With those terms defined, we will then briefly explore the Theorema Egregium, Geodesics, and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Subsequently, the exponential map and completeness will be explored in the interest of proving Hopf-Rinow. Finally, with that background finished, this paper will provide an introduction to Variations of Arc length. With that as a basis, we will prove Bonnet’s theorem and briefly explore some mathematical consequences of the theorem.
Cardiovascular disease prevention in women: are we up to date?

A pandemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is afflicting women. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women in every major developed country and most emerging economies. Although it is often thought of as a disease of affluence, CVD mortality rates in women over the age of 60 years are more than double in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
Associations Between Anxiety and Marital Adjustment

Abstract Cognitive-behavioral theories of marital functioning and contextual models of close relationships highlight the importance of proximal affect states such as anxiety in couple functioning. Despite these assertions, research examining the role of state anxiety is lacking in the literature on intimate relationships. In this study, the authors examined state anxiety and marital adjustment in a sample of 45 couples. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that husbands' Time 1 anxiety can predict their own and their wives' subsequent reports of marital adjustment. Wives' Time 1 anxiety did not predict their own or their husbands' subsequent reports of marital adjustment. In this study, the authors focused on the role of husband anxiety in marital adjustment and on implications for further study of the contextual model of close relationships.
Computationally efficient methodology for statistical characterization and yield estimation due to inter- and intra-die process variations

In this paper, first we have demonstrated the suitability of Plackett-Burman Design of Experiment (PB-DOE) method for the sensitivity analysis of a device and a circuit performance to inter- and intra-die process variations. Further, it is shown that PB-DOE method takes relatively less computational time and provides reasonable accuracy as compared to standard Monte Carlo Method. In the next part of the work, computationally efficient methodology for timing yield analysis of standard CMOS cells is proposed. The proposed technique combines well-known statistical methods namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and PB-DOE method. Here, the proposed technique is successfully implemented for timing yield estimation of standard CMOS cell implemented in non-planar Double-Gate (DG) FinFET technology. However, our methodology is independent of technology platform and can be implemented on classical bulk CMOS technology or any other emerging technologies too. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed methodology reduces the computational cost by 35% as compared RSM based Monte Carlo method.
A Structural Model of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor Defines Novel Interactions That Mediate Ligand-Independent Activity

ABSTRACT Unlike classical nuclear receptors that require ligand for transcriptional activity, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is active in the absence of ligand. To determine the molecular contacts that underlie this constitutive activity, we created a three-dimensional model of CAR and verified critical structural features by mutational analysis. We found that the same motifs that facilitate ligand-dependent activity in classical receptors also mediated constitutive activity in CAR. This raises a critical question: how are these motifs maintained in an active conformation in unliganded CAR? The model identified several novel interactions that account for this activity. First, CAR possesses a short loop between helix 11 and the transactivation domain (helix 12), as well as a short carboxy-terminal helix. Together, these features favor ligand-independent docking of the transactivation domain in a position that is characteristic of ligand-activated receptors. Second, this active conformation is further stabilized by a charge-charge interaction that anchors the carboxy-terminal activation domain to helix 4. Mutational analysis of these interactions provides direct experimental support for this model. We also show that ligand-mediated repression of constitutive activity reflects both a displacement of coactivator and a recruitment of corepressor. Our data demonstrate that CAR utilizes the same conserved structural motifs and coregulator proteins as originally defined for classical nuclear receptors. Despite these remarkable similarities, our model demonstrates how a few critical changes in CAR can dramatically reverse the transcriptional activity of this protein.
Grasping with the Press of a Button: Grasp-selective Responses in the Human Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus Depend on Nonarbitrary Causal Relationships between Hand Movements and End-effector Actions

Evidence implicates ventral parieto-premotor cortices in representing the goal of grasping independent of the movements or effectors involved [Umilta, M. A. , Escola, L. , Intskirveli, I. , Grammont, F. , Rochat, M. , Caruana, F. , et al. When pliers become fingers in the monkey motor system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. , 105, 2209–2213, 2008; Tunik, E. , Frey, S. H. , & Grafton, S. T. Virtual lesions of the anterior intraparietal area disrupt goal-dependent on-line adjustments of grasp. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 505–511, 2005]. Modern technologies that enable arbitrary causal relationships between hand movements and tool actions provide a strong test of this hypothesis. We capitalized on this unique opportunity by recording activity with fMRI during tasks in which healthy adults performed goal-directed reach and grasp actions manually or by depressing buttons to initiate these same behaviors in a remotely located robotic arm (arbitrary causal relationship). As shown previously [Binkofski, F. , Dohle, C. , Posse, S. , Stephan, K. M. , Hefter, H. , Seitz, R. J., et al. Human anterior intraparietal area subserves prehension: A combined lesion and functional MRI activation study. Neurology, 50, 1253–1259, 1998], we detected greater activity in the vicinity of the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) during manual grasp versus reach. In contrast to prior studies involving tools controlled by nonarbitrarily related hand movements [Gallivan, J. P., McLean, D. A. , Valyear, K. F. , & Culham, J. C. Decoding the neural mechanisms of human tool use. Elife, 2, e00425, 2013; Jacobs, S. , Danielmeier, C. , & Frey, S. H. Human anterior intraparietal and ventral premotor cortices support representations of grasping with the hand or a novel tool. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 2594–2608, 2010], however, responses within the aIPS and premotor cortex exhibited no evidence of selectivity for grasp when participants employed the robot. Instead, these regions showed comparable increases in activity during both the reach and grasp conditions. Despite equivalent sensorimotor demands, the right cerebellar hemisphere displayed greater activity when participants initiated the robot's actions versus when they pressed a button known to be nonfunctional and watched the very same actions undertaken autonomously. This supports the hypothesis that the cerebellum predicts the forthcoming sensory consequences of volitional actions [Blakemore, S. J., Frith, C. D. , & Wolpert, D. M. The cerebellum is involved in predicting the sensory consequences of action. NeuroReport, 12, 1879–1884, 2001]. We conclude that grasp-selective responses in the human aIPS and premotor cortex depend on the existence of nonarbitrary causal relationships between hand movements and end-effector actions.
Helix XI contributes to the entrance of the serotonin transporter permeation pathway

The sodium‐dependent transporters for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that regulate neurotransmission, also translocate the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Previous studies implicated residues in transmembrane helix (TMH) XI of DAT as important sites for MPP+ transport. We examined the importance of TMH XI residues F551 and F556 for MPP+ translocation by human SERT. Mutations at hSERT F556, but not F551, reduced both 5‐HT and MPP+ transport compared to wild type. However, F556S/hSERT showed a reduction in surface expression explaining the decrease of transport activity for 5‐HT, but did not account for the decrease in MPP+ transport observed. Cysteine mutants at those positions confirmed the accessibility of hSERT/F556 to different methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents, suggesting its presence in a hydrophilic environment of the protein. In the presence of MTSET, current induced by 5‐HT and MPP+ was inhibited at the F556C mutant. In agreement with our homology model of SERT, based on the leucine transporter (LeuTAa) from Aquifex aeolicus structure, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that a portion of TMH XI lines the entrance into the substrate permeation pathway.
Personal digital educators.

Dr. James Cimino and Suzanne Bakken write about the wide spread effect of PDAs on health care today. These trends promise to continue as students and professionals in the fields of social work, nursing, and medicine struggle to get the accurate, current patient information and medical knowledge they need to make informed decisions.
Knockdown of Annexin A1 Enhances Radioresistance and Inhibits Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma while radioresistance can hinder efficient treatment. To explore the role of annexin A1 and its potential mechanisms in radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2-sh annexin A1 (knockdown of annexin A1) and the control cell line CNE2-pLKO.1 were constituted and CNE2-sh annexin A1 xenograft mouse model was generated. The effect of annexin A1 knockdown on the growth of xenograft tumor after irradiation and radiation-induced DNA damage and repair was analyzed. The results of immunohistochemistry assays and Western blotting showed that the level of annexin A1 was significantly downregulated in the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues or cell line compared to the radiosensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues or cell line. Knockdown of annexin A1 significantly promoted CNE2-sh annexin A1 xenograft tumor growth compared to the control groups after irradiation. Moreover, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays revealed that knockdown of annexin A1 significantly inhibited apoptosis in vivo compared to the control groups. We assessed the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the extent of radiation-induced DNA damage and repair using reactive oxygen species assay, comet assays, and immunohistochemistry assay. The results showed that knockdown of annexin A1 remarkedly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, level of DNA double-strand breaks, and the phosphorylation level of H2AX and increased the accumulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after irradiation. The findings suggest that knockdown of annexin A1 inhibits DNA damage via decreasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the formation of γ-H2AX and promotes DNA repair via increasing DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and therefore improves the radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Together, our findings suggest that knockdown of annexin A1 promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provides insights into therapeutic targets for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.
Neurotransmitter synthesis by neuroblastoma clones (neuroblast differentiation-cell culture-choline acetyltransferase-acetylcholinesterase-tyrosine hydroxylase-axons-dendrites).

Neuroblastoma clones were examined for choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6), tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3.a), acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), and also for neurite formation. One clone does not form axons or dendrites. Three types of clones were found with respect to neurotransmitter synthesis: cholinergic, adrenergic, and clones that do not synthesize acetylcholine or catechols. All clones contain acetylcholinesterase. These results show that genes determining neurotransmitter species can be expressed in dividing cells, that the parental programs of gene expression are inherited, and that dividing cells can be programmed with respect to their ability to communicate with other cells.
Evidence That the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) Subscales Should Not Be Scored: Bifactor Modelling, Reliability, and Validity in Clinical and Community Samples

Aim: The Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA 3.0) is the most widely used instrument assessing psychosocial impairment secondary to eating disorder symptoms. However, there is conflicting advice regarding the dimensionality and optimal method of scoring the CIA. We sought to resolve this confusion by conducting a comprehensive factor analytic study of the CIA in a community sample (N = 301) and clinical sample comprising patients with a diagnosed eating disorder (N = 209). Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. Method: The CIA and measures of eating disorder symptoms were administered to both samples. Results: Factor analyses indicated there is a general impairment factor underlying all items on the CIA that is reliably measured by the CIA Global score. CIA Global demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: CIA Global is a reliable and valid measure of psychosocial impairment secondary to eating disorder symptoms; however, subscale scores should not be computed.
Some Basic Data Structures and Algorithms for Chemical Generic Programming

Here, we report a template library used for molecular operation, the Molecular Handling Template Library (MHTL). The library includes some generic data structures and generic algorithms, and the two parts are associated with each other by two concepts: Properties and Molecule. The concept Properties describes the interface to access objects' properties, and the concept Molecule describes the minimum requirement for a molecular class. Data structures include seven models of Properties, each using a different method to access properties, and two models of molecular classes. Algorithms include molecular file manipulation subroutines, SMARTS language interpreter and matcher functions, and molecular OpenGL rendering functions.
A Fuzzy Evolutionary System for Concept Formation and Adaptive Behaviour in Software Agents

Software agent technology is currently based on fixed ontologies and languages, handcrafted for a particular application. The advent of massively distributed systems however calls for not only a common language between all agents involved but also the ability to autonomously adapt and form concepts about novel experiences and events. The authors proposed a method by which agents can autonomously form new concepts grounded in their own experience. This is an improvement on previous approaches because it can tackle a much wider range of conceptual types and provides an efficient, accurate representation, which can be used in a rule based system or conceptual framework. Furthermore, the method allowed an agent to simultaneously learn new concepts and the rules to govern its behaviour whilst providing a more robust system which is also adaptive
THE INFLUENCE OF HEADS OF DEPARTMENT PERSONALITIES ON THE SELECTION OF GRIEVANCE HANDLING STYLES

Grievance management is an important topic in the area of industrial relations. Research on grievance management is burgeoning, and yet the understanding of its antecedents and consequences remains rather unclear. This research discusses the styles in handling grievances among heads of department at a telecommunication headquarters and branches located in Peninsular Malaysia and the determinant of personalities in selecting the appropriate styles. It was conducted to achieve two main objectives which are to investigate the styles managers use in handling employee grievances and to examine influence of personalities in choosing style used by the managers in handling grievances. The result of factor analysis reveals that the grievance handling styles used by managers in this study are integrating, compromising and dominating. In general, the study reveals that extraversion is negatively and significantly influences the selection of integrating style. Conscientiousness contributes significantly to the prediction of dominating style. Finally, emotional stability is positively and significantly influences compromising style in handling grievances.
Detection of behavioral, developmental, and psychosocial problems in pediatric primary care practice

By virtue of their ongoing relationship with families and young children, pediatric primary care providers are well positioned to participate in the early detection of children's behavioral, developmental, and psychosocial problems. Yet research suggests that many such problems elude early detection. Awareness of the prevalence of such problems should encourage pediatric providers to carefully elicit parents' opinions and concerns, obtain a relevant behavioral and developmental history, skillfully observe parent and child behaviors, and obtain, when indicated, the opinions of such other relevant professionals as preschool teachers. Possible strategies to improve early detection include the use of parent questionnaires, parent record-keeping of children's behavior, and a developmental screening tool as an aid to surveillance. The development of a classification system for such problems designed for primary care, rather than psychiatry, should also facilitate early detection.
Duality-Synthesized Circuit for Eddy Current Effects in Transformer Windings

This paper presents a novel method to obtain an equivalent circuit for the modeling of eddy current effects in the windings of power transformers. The circuit is derived from the principle of duality and, therefore, matches the electromagnetic physical behavior of the transformer windings. It properly models the flux paths and current distribution from dc to MHz. The model is synthesized from a nonuniform concentric discretization of the windings. Concise guidelines are given to optimally calculate the width of the subdivisions for various transient simulations. To compute the circuit parameters only information about the geometry of the windings and their material properties is needed. The calculation of the circuit parameters does not require an iterative process. Therefore, the parameters are always real, positive, and free from convergence problems. The results are compared with conventional synthesis methods and finite elements for validation.
A switched parametric and transform audio coder

In this paper, we present a system of sines+transients+noise modeling techniques that dynamically switches between parametric representations and transform coding based representations. The sines and noise are represented by parametric models using multiresolution sinusoidal modeling and Bark-band noise modeling, respectively. The transients are modeled by short regions of transform coding. In addition, new methods are presented for selection and quantization of sinusoidal trajectories based on trajectory length and signal-to-masking thresholds. This system is useful for both low bitrate audio coding (20-40 kbps) and compressed-domain processing, such as time-scale modification.
Alexithymia as a Transdiagnostic Precursor to Empathy Abnormalities: The Functional Role of the Insula

Distorted empathic processing has been observed across multiple psychiatric disorders. Simulation theory provides a theoretical framework that proposes a mechanism through which empathy difficulties may arise. Specifically, introspection-centric simulation theory (IST) predicts that an inability to accurately interpret and describe internal affective states may lead to empathy difficulties. The purpose of this review is to synthesize and summarize an empirical literature suggesting that simulation theory provides insights into a cognitive and neurobiological mechanism (i.e., alexithymia and insula pathology) that negatively impacts empathic processing, in addition to how disruptions in these processes manifest across psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we review an emerging non-clinical literature suggesting that consistent with IST, alexithymia and associated insula pathology leads to empathy deficits. Subsequently, we highlight clinical research suggesting that a large number of disorders characterized by empathy pathology also feature alexithymia. Collectively, these findings motivate the importance for future work to establish the role of alexithymia in contributing to empathy deficits across clinical symptoms and disorders. The current review suggests that simulation theory provides a tractable conceptual platform for identifying a potential common cognitive and neural marker that is associated with empathy deficits across a wide array of diagnostic classes.
Biomechanical Analysis of Sacroplasty: Does Volume or Location of Cement Matter?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Currently, the effect of the volume of cement used during sacroplasty on the restoration of pelvic strength and stiffness is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure that effect in a sacral insufficiency fracture model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five osteoporotic cadaveric pelves were potted, and sacral fractures were produced. Specimens were divided into 4 groups: group 0 + 0 (control), no sacroplasty; group 3 + 0, sacroplasty (posterior approach), 3 mL of a bone cement injected bilaterally into the fracture site at S1; group 3 + 3, sacroplasty (posterior approach), 3 mL of the same cement injected bilaterally into the fracture site at S1 and S2; and group 6 + 3, sacroplasty (posterior approach), 6 mL of the same cement injected bilaterally at S1 and 3 mL injected bilaterally at S2. Cement position and extravasation were documented with CT. Specimens were tested to failure to assess the strength and stiffness after sacroplasty. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in strength or stiffness restoration between control and treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sacroplasty does not restore the strength or stiffness of the sacrum in a cadaveric model regardless of the volume or location of cement.