Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs between dentulous and edentulous patients

Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs of dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and Methods The reproducibility of panoramic radiographs was evaluated using the panoramic radiographs acquired from 30 anterior dentulous patients by using a common biting positioning device (dentulous group) and 30 anterior edentulous patients by using chin-support devices to take a panoramic radiograph (edentulous group), respectively; these patients had undergone 3 or more panoramic radiographs. The widths and angles between the designated landmarks were measured on the panoramic radiographs, and the reproducibility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation. Results In the dentulous and edentulous groups, the ICCs of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle areas were higher than the condylar head and zygomatic areas. The mandibular ramus and angle areas showed statistically lower mean coefficients of variation than the condylar head and zygomatic areas in the dentulous group. The mandibular angle area showed a significantly lower mean coefficient of variation than the zygomatic area in the edentulous group. By comparing the two groups, each ICC of the edentulous group was lower than that of the dentulous group, and the mean coefficients of variation of the mandibular ramus area, zygomatic area, left condylar inclination, and ramus ratio between the right and the left in the edentulous group were significantly higher than those in the dentulous group. Conclusion Biting positioning for dentulous patients provided better positioning reproducibility than chin-support positioning when performing panoramic radiography for edentulous patients.
Investigation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cAMP and PKA signaling and the role of HCN4 subunits in anxiety-related behavior and memory

In the hippocampus, long-term memory and synaptic plasticity occur through a series of coordinated intracellular signaling cascades that strengthen and stabilize subsets of synaptic connections while leaving thousands of others unaltered. Therefore, understanding how molecular signals are accurately transmitted is critical to understanding how hippocampal neurons store information. Molecules like cAMP and protein kinase A are critical components of memory and plasticity, but it is unclear how these diffusible signals are dynamically regulated to achieve the spatial and temporal specificity that underlies pathway-specific plasticity. Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are ion channels that are modulated by cAMP and are known to regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. HCN1 and HCN2 subunits have been implicated in memory, plasticity and anxiety-related behaviors, but the role for HCN4 subunits remains untested. In Chapter 1, I review the role of cAMP signaling in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms regulating cAMP, PKA and HCN channels. In Chapter 2, I combine live two-photon imaging of genetically-encoded fluorescent FRET sensors and computational modeling to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of cAMP and PKA activity in hippocampal neurons during stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors. Results suggest that the ratio between adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase-4 scales with neuronal compartment size to maintain basal cAMP levels and produce rapid-onset, high-amplitude cAMP transients in small compartments. Conversely, imaging experiments show that PKA activity is greater in large neuronal compartments and modeling suggests that compartmental differences in PKA activity depend on the concentration of protein phosphatase and not on the concentration of PKA substrates or PKA holoenzyme. In Chapter 3, I use recombinant adeno-associated viruses and shRNAmediated silencing of HCN4 subunits to examine their role in anxiety, memory, and contextual fear extinction. Results from a battery of behavioral assays suggest that reduction of HCN4 subunits increases anxiety-related behavior, but does not affect object-location memory or contextual fear conditioning. Together, my thesis work provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism regulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of cAMP/PKA signaling and provides suggests a role for HCN4 subunits in anxiety-related behavior. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Biology First Advisor Ted Abel This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/2447
Design and Linearization of Concurrent Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier With Frequency-Dependent Power Ranges

A design methodology for a concurrent dual-band Doherty power amplifier (PA) with frequency-dependent backoff power ranges is presented in this paper. Based on a dual-band T-shaped network and a coupled line network, different dual-band components needed in Doherty PA topology, including a 3-dB branch-line coupler, an offset line, and a quarter-wavelength transformer, are developed. Two prototypes with balanced and imbalanced backoff power range modes are implemented to verify the feasibility. Continuous wave signal test results show that the proposed dual-band PA successfully achieves a power-added efficiency of 33% and 30% at the 6-dB backoff point from the saturated output power at 880 and 1960 MHz, respectively. To meet linearity requirements, the PA nonlinear behavior is characterized by using digital multitone signals, which categorize the distortions of a concurrent dual-band PA into intermodulation and cross-modulation. Finally, a 2-D digital predistortion technique is used to compensate for the nonlinearity of PA in dual bands. Two two-tone signals are applied to the dual bands for linearization, and the experimental results show that this technique achieves improvements of better than 19.1 and 24.6 dB for the intermodulation and cross-modulation in the dual bands, respectively.
Geometry of the 2+1 black hole.

The geometry of the spinning black holes of standard Einstein theory in 2+1 dimensions, with a negative cosmological constant, and without couplings to matter, is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the black hole arises from identifications of points of anti\char21{}de Sitter space by a discrete subgroup of SO(2,2). The generic black hole is a smooth manifold in the metric sense. The surface r=0 is not a curvature singularity but, rather, a singularity in the causal structure. Continuing past it would introduce closed timelike lines. However, simple examples show the regularity of the metric at r=0 to be unstable: couplings to matter bring in a curvature singularity there. Kruskal coordinates and Penrose diagrams are exhibited. Special attention is given to the limiting cases of (i) the spinless hole of zero mass, which differs from anti\char21{}de Sitter space and plays the role of the vacuum, and (ii) the spinning hole of maximal angular momentum. A thorough classification of the elements of the Lie algebra of SO(2,2) is given in an appendix.
Supplemental Data Eph-Dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of ephexin 1 Modulates Growth Cone Collapse

Generation of Ephexin1−/− Mice Ephexin1 cDNA was used to probe a λ phage 129/SvJ mouse genomic DNA library, and a 12.5 kB SalI-BsrB1 fragment from a positive clone was subcloned into pBluescriptKS to generate pMSG. A BamHI-LoxP1 double stranded oligo was inserted into a BamHI site 1kb upstream of the translation initiation site of ephexin1. A LoxP2hrGFP-NEO-LoxP3 cassette was cloned into an MluI site 1 kB distal to ephexin1 exon II, and a diphtheria toxin cassette was introduced into the pMSG plasmid 5 kb upstream of the BamHI-LoxP1 site. This vector was electroporated into 129 J1 ES cells, and positive clones were identified by Southern hybridization with two separate probes. To obtain constitutive deletion of the ephexin1 exons, a Cre recombinase expressing plasmid (pOG231Cre or pMC-CreN) was electroporated into ES cells carrying the homologous recombination. Constitutive knockout ES cells were identified by replicate plating for G418 sensitivity followed by Southern hybridization. Positive clones were grown without G418 and expanded for genotyping.
Lentiviral Infection of Rhesus Macaques Causes Long-Term Injury to Cortical and Hippocampal Projections of Prostaglandin-Expressing Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons

Abstract The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model resembles human immunodeficiency virus–acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome (AIDS) and associated brain dysfunction. Altered expression of synaptic markers and transmitters in neuro-AIDS has been reported, but limited data exist for the cholinergic system and lipid mediators such as prostaglandins. Here, we analyzed cholinergic basal forebrain neurons with their telencephalic projections and the rate-limitingenzymes for prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase isotypes 1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2) in the brains of SIV-infected macaques with or without encephalitis and antiretroviral therapy and uninfected controls.Cyclooxygenase isotype 1, but not COX2, was coexpressed with markers of cholinergic phenotype, that is, choline acetyltransferase andvesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), in basal forebrain neurons of monkey, as well as human, brain. Cyclooxygenase isotype 1 was decreased in basal forebrain neurons in macaques with AIDS versus uninfected and asymptomatic SIV-infected macaques. The VAChT-positive fiber density was reduced in frontal, parietal, and hippocampal-entorhinal cortex. Although brain SIV burden and associated COX1- and COX2-positive mononuclear and endothelial inflammatory reactions were mostly reversed in AIDS-diseased macaques that received 6-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine treatment, decreased VAChT-positive terminal density and reduced cholinergic COX1 expression were not. Thus, COX1 expression is a feature of primate cholinergic basal forebrain neurons; it may be functionally important and a critical biomarker of cholinergic dysregulation accompanying lentiviral encephalopathy. These results further imply that insufficiently prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy in lentiviral infection may lead to neurostructurally unremarkable but neurochemically prominent irreversible brain damage.
Arguing for indirect translations in twenty-first-century Scandinavia

ABSTRACT The article explores why indirect translation takes place, especially in contexts where policymakers work against it by, for example, not providing translation grants for such translations. The focus is on contemporary Sweden, and the article pays particular attention to arguments expressed in favor of indirect translation in a series of 11 books translated indirectly from Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Tamil or Urdu. It concludes by suggesting that cultural policies with more permissive criteria concerning indirectness of translation could be beneficial.
CS264: Beyond Worst-Case Analysis Lecture #14: Smoothed Analysis of Pareto Curves

Our next application of smoothed analysis is to Pareto curves. We begin by explaining one of several reasons why you should care about the size of Pareto curves: they govern the running time of some interesting algorithms. In the Knapsack problem, the input comprises n items, each with a positive value vi and a positive weight (or size) wi. Also given is a knapsack capacity W . The goal is choose a subset S ⊆ {1, 2, . , n} of the items that maximizes the total value ∑ i∈S vi, subject to the chosen items fitting in the knapsack (i.e., ∑ i∈S wi ≤ W ). When you were first introduced to this problem, you may have been told some hokey story about a burglar trying to escape with the best loot — but it really is a fundamental problem, relevant whenever you’re trying to make optimal use of a limited resource. We say that a subset S ⊆ {1, 2, . , n} dominates T ⊆ {1, 2, . , n} if: (i) the total value of S is at least that of T ( ∑ i∈S vi ≥ ∑ i∈T vi); (ii) the total weight of S is at most that of T ( ∑ i∈S wi ≤ ∑ i∈T wi); and (iii) at least one of these two inequalities is strict. If S dominates T then it renders T moot — the solution T can be safely pruned without regret. The Pareto curve of a Knapsack instance is the set of all undominated solutions; see Figure 1. Geometrically, a point is dominated if and only if there is another point “to the northwest” of it. You’ve seen this concept before, in Lecture #2, when we studied the 2D Maxima problem. The Pareto curve corresponds, after a reflection about the y-axis, to the set of maxima of the point set with one point for each subset of {1, 2, . , n}, the two coordinates of a point being the total weight and total value of S. Here is a Knapsack algorithm that you may not have seen before (due to [5]).
Dagstuhl Workshop on Scenar io Management February 9-13 , 1998

ion helps us to manage complexity when we deal with large sets of scenarios. Type abstraction leads from the extensional to the intensional level. Content abstraction allows us to use boxes with names instead of full descriptions. Composition abstraction consolidates a set of scenarios into a common higher-level scenario. Generalization abstraction factors out common properties. Usage abstraction lets one scenario make use of other scenarios that provide lower-level services. Aspect abstraction focuses scenarios on one particular aspect of the problem. To what extent we need these kinds of abstraction in which situations is still a research topic. Scenarios Support the Acquisition and Impact Analysis of Business Rules Sol J. Greenspan, GTE Labs, Waltham, USA Business Rules (BRs) are decisions made to achieve the goals of an enterprise, and comprise an important set of requirements on the (human and automated) systems that support the running of the enterprise. For example, a bank with the goal of „reducing fraud“ might impose the rule that checks over $ 5000 require a second signature, besides the bank tellers before being cashed. There may be a large set of BRs involving many goals, activities and agents. When a statement is made such as „in context C use rule R to achieve goal G,“ there is typically uncertainty about the degree of effectiveness if the rule is followed, the consequences of not following it, and the accuracy of the context in which it is considered applicable. Scenarios of enterprise operation help in several ways; to explore and decide on BRs; to discover conflicts; and, if specified sufficiently formally, to support rapid deployment/evolution of the BRs. Because BRs are usually heuristic and speculative, their effectiveness, risks and correctness of context can often only be confirmed or measured by observing the actual running of the enterprise. Scenarios are, again, the proposed tools for providing feedback to check the BRs. In our work at GTE Labs, we base BRs on a conceptual enterprise model and a decision support system, and we simulate business scenarios to develop and validate the rules. Requirements Elicitation and Validation with Real World Scenes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in women with unexplained infertility

Background: Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is an important cause of female infertility, especially in developing countries. The positive results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in endometrial GTB in the absence of tubal damage raise the possibility of the detection of sub-clinical or latent disease, with doubtful benefits of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in endometrial biopsy samples collected from unexplained infertile women attending Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility by using PCR techniques. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 144 infertile women with unexplained infertility aged 20-35 years old and normal Histro-saplango graphy findings were enrolled. Endometrial biopsy samples from each participant were tested for mycobacterium tuberculosis detecting by PCR. In 93 patients, peritoneal fluid was also taken for culture and PCR. Results: The PCR results of endometrial specimens were negative in all cases, demonstrating that there was no GTB infection among our patients. Conclusion: Our results showed that GTB could not be considered as a major problem in women with unexplained infertility. Although, studies have indicated that PCR is a useful method in diagnosing early GTB disease in infertile women with no demonstrable evidence of tubal or endometrial involvement.
The human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 as a human blood‐brain barrier model for drug transport studies

The human brain endothelial capillary cell line hCMEC/D3 has been developed recently as a model for the human blood‐brain barrier. In this study a further characterization of this model was performed with special emphasis on permeability properties and active drug transport. Para‐ or transcellular permeabilities (Pe) of inulin (0.74 × 10−3 cm/min), sucrose (1.60 × 10−3 cm/min), lucifer yellow (1.33 × 10−3 cm/min), morphine (5.36 × 10−3 cm/min), propranolol (4.49 × 10−3 cm/min) and midazolam (5.13 × 10−3 cm/min) were measured. By addition of human serum the passive permeability of sucrose could be reduced significantly by up to 39%. Furthermore, the expression of a variety of drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1–5) as well as the human transferrin receptor was demonstrated on the mRNA level. ABCB1, ABCG2 and transferrin receptor proteins were detected and functional activity of ABCB1, ABCG2 and the ABCC family was quantified in efflux experiments. Furthermore, ABCB1‐mediated bidirectional transport of rhodamine 123 was studied. The transport rate from the apical to the basolateral compartment was significantly lower than that in the inverse direction, indicating directed p‐glycoprotein transport. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of the hCMEC/D3 cell line as an in vitro model to study drug transport at the level of the human blood‐brain barrier.
A Type Theoretic Specification of Partial Evaluation

We develop a type theoretic specification of offline partial evaluation for the simply-typed lambda calculus in the dependently-typed programming language Agda. We establish the correctness of the specification by proving termination, typing preservation, and semantics preservation using logical relations. Typing preservation is achieved by relying on a typed syntax representation based on De Bruijn indices for the source and the target language. The full calculus contains primitive recursion on natural numbers and higher-order lifting for function, product, and sum types.
Retrograde Regulation of GABA Transmission by the Tonic Release of Oxytocin and Endocannabinoids Governs Postsynaptic Firing

The probability of neurotransmitter release at the nerve terminal is an important determinant of synaptic efficacy. At some central synapses, the postsynaptic, or target, neuron determines neurotransmitter release probability (Pr) at the presynaptic terminal. The mechanisms responsible for this target-cell dependent control of Pr have not been elucidated. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, we demonstrate that inhibitory, GABA synapses specifically onto oxytocin (OT)-producing neurosecretory cells exhibit a low Pr that is relatively uniform at multiple synapses onto the same cell. This low Pr results from a two-step process that requires the tonic release of OT from the postsynaptic cell. The ambient extracellular levels of neuropeptide are sufficient to activate postsynaptic OT receptors and trigger the Ca2+-dependent production of endocannabinoids, which act in a retrograde manner at presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors to decrease GABA release. The functional consequence of this tonic inhibition of GABA release is that all inhibitory inputs facilitate uniformly when activated at high rates of activity. This causes inhibition in the postsynaptic cell that is sufficiently powerful to disrupt firing. Blockade of CB1 receptors increases Pr at these synapses, resulting in a rapid depression of IPSCs at high rates of activity, thereby eliminating the ability of afferent inputs to inhibit postsynaptic firing. By playing a deterministic role in GABA release at the afferent nerve terminal, the postsynaptic OT neuron effectively filters synaptic signals and thereby modulates its own activity patterns.
Towards XML-based Configuration Management for Distributed Systems

Today, we are seeing more distributed systems on enterprise networks and on the Internet. It is difficult to effectively manage configuration information of these distributed systems because they are distributed in nature and they may be deployed with different software components and running on heterogeneous computing platforms. However, a centralized configuration management system for distributed systems is necessary to meet critical requirements as the representation of complex relations of configuration information of computers and their communication. This paper proposes the design of X-CONF (Xmlbased CONFiguration management system) to meet these requirements using XML technologies. XML is a data modeling language used to define configuration information, which supports to represent more complex structures including relations of information rather than simple lists. X-CONF automatically recognizes changes of configuration information among distributed system components because of a formal structure of configuration information specification. We have designed a flexible and interoperable configuration management system by applying Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) as a communication method. Also, X-CONF provides Web-based user interface to administrators for ubiquitous access. For validation, we have developed an XML-based configuration management system for NG-MON, which is a distributed, real-time Internet traffic monitoring and analysis system.
Keshmesh: Bringing Advanced Static Analysis to Concurrency Bug Pattern Detectors

Bug patterns are coding idioms that may make the code less maintainable or turn into bugs in future. The state-of-the-art tools for detecting concurrency bug patterns (CBPs) perform simple, intraprocedural analyses. While this simplicity makes the analysis fast, it does not provide protection against CBPs that involve aliasing or multiple methods. This paper introduces a practical and extensible framework, Keshmesh, which employs advanced static analysis for detecting CBPs. Keshmesh builds upon the points-to analysis of WALA, a static analysis framework, and the user interface of FindBugs, a popular bug pattern detection tool. Keshmesh detects five CBPs using interprocedural analyses and fixes two of them. The challenges in automatic detection of these CBPs include reducing the rate of false positives, scaling to large projects, and accurate propagation of unsafe accesses along the call graph up to synchronization constructs. Keshmesh found 40 previously unknown CBP instances and only 12 false positives in six open-source projects. Programmers fixed 11 of the 20 issues we reported. These results show that Keshmesh is applicable to large projects, finds CBPs that programmers want to fix, and reports few false positives.