Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting representative phrases from Wikipedia article sections

Nowadays, Wikipedia has become one of the most important tools for searching information. Since its long articles are taking time to read, as well as section titles are sometimes too short to capture comprehensive summarization, we aim at extracting informative phrases that readers can refer to. Existing work on topic labelling works effectively and performs well on document categorization, but inadequate for granularity of detailed contents. Besides, existing keyphrase construction methods just perform well on very short texts. So we try to extract phrases which represent the target section content well among other sections within the same Wikipedia article. We also incorporate related external articles to increase candidate phrases. Then we apply FP-growth to obtain frequently co-occurring word sets. After that, we apply improved features which characterize desired properties from different aspects. Then, we apply gradient descent on our ranking function to obtain reasonable weighting on the features. For evaluation, we combine Normalized Google Distance (NGD) and nDCG to measure semantic relatedness between generated phrases and hidden original section titles.
NO MAJOR STRATIGRAPHIC GAP EXISTS NEAR THE MIDDLE–UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN (DESMOINESIAN–MISSOURIAN) BOUNDARY IN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract Interregional correlation of the marine zones of major cyclothems between North America and eastern Europe does not support assertions that a major stratigraphic gap exists between the traditional regional Desmoinesian and Missourian stages in North America. Such a gap was previously proposed to explain an abrupt change in megafloral assemblages in the northern Appalachian Basin and by extension across all of North America. Conodont-based correlation from the essentially complete low-shelf Midcontinent succession (distal from the highstand shoreline), through the mid-shelf Illinois Basin, to the high shelf of the Appalachian Basin (proximal to highstand shoreline) demonstrates that all major ∼400 kyr cyclothem groupings in the Midcontinent are recognizable in the Illinois Basin. In the Appalachian Basin, however, the grouping at the base of the Missourian is represented only by paleosols and localized coal. The immediately preceding grouping was removed very locally by paleovalley incision, as is evident at the 7–11 Mine, Columbiana County, Ohio, from which the original megafloral data were derived. At the few localities where incised paleodrainage exists, there may be a gap of ∼1000 kyr, but a gap of no more than ∼600 kyr occurs elsewhere in the Appalachian Basin at that level and its magnitude progressively decreases westward into the Illinois (∼300 kyr) and Midcontinent (<200 kyr) Basins. Thus, while a gap is present near the Desmoinesian–Missourian boundary in North America, it is typically more than an order of magnitude smaller than that originally proposed and is similar to the gaps inferred at sequence boundaries between cyclothems at many horizons in the Pennsylvanian of North America.
Involvement of PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy in ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity in BV-2 cells

With the increasing application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in biological materials, the neurotoxicity caused by these particles has raised serious concerns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect of ZnO NPs on brain cells remain unclear. Mitochondrial damage has been reported to be a factor in the toxicity of ZnO NPs. PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy is a newly emerging additional function of autophagy that selectively degrades impaired mitochondria. Here, a PINK1 gene knockdown BV-2 cell model was established to determine whether PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy was involved in ZnO NP-induced toxicity in BV-2 cells. The expression of total parkin, mito-parkin, cyto-parkin, and PINK1 both in wild type and PINK1−/− BV-2 cells was evaluated using Western blot analysis after the cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL of 50 nm ZnO NPs for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The findings suggested that the downregulation of PINK1 resulted in a significant reduction in the survival rate after ZnO NP exposure compared with that of control cells. ZnO NPs were found to induce the transportation of parkin from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, implying the involvement of mitophagy in ZnO NP-induced toxicity. The deletion of the PINK1 gene inhibited the recruitment of parkin to the mitochondria, causing failure of the cell to trigger mitophagy. The present study demonstrated that apart from autophagy, PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a protective role in ZnO NP-induced cytotoxicity.
Skeletal Muscle Acute and Chronic Metabolic Response to Essential Amino Acid Supplementation in Hypertriglyceridemic Older Adults

Abstract Background: Supplementation with essential amino acids (EAAs) + arginine is a promising nutritional approach to decrease plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations, which are an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of EAA supplementation on skeletal muscle basal metabolite concentrations and changes in metabolic response to acute EAA intake, with an emphasis on mitochondrial metabolism, in adults with elevated TGs to better understand the mechanisms of lowering plasma TGs. Methods: Older adults with elevated plasma TG concentrations were given 22 g EAAs to ingest acutely before and after an 8-wk EAA supplementation period. Skeletal muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after acute EAA intake, both pre- and postsupplementation (4 biopsy samples), and targeted metabolomic analyses of organic acids and acylcarnitines were conducted on the specimens. Results: Acute EAA intake resulted in increased skeletal muscle acylcarnitine concentrations associated with oxidative catabolism of the supplement components, with the largest increases found in acylcarnitines of branched-chain amino acid oxidative catabolism, including isovaleryl-carnitine (2200%) and 2-methylbutyryl-carnitine (2400%). The chronic EAA supplementation resulted in a 19% decrease in plasma TGs along with accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines myristoyl- (90%) and stearoyl- (120%) carnitine in skeletal muscle and increases in succinyl-carnitine (250%) and the late-stage tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates fumarate (44%) and malate (110%). Conclusions: Supplementation with EAAs shows promise as an approach for moderate reduction in plasma TGs. Changes in skeletal muscle metabolites suggest incomplete fatty acid oxidation and increased anaplerosis, which suggests a potential bottleneck in fatty acid metabolism.
DeepMove: Predicting Human Mobility with Attentional Recurrent Networks

Human mobility prediction is of great importance for a wide spectrum of location-based applications. However, predicting mobility is not trivial because of three challenges: 1) the complex sequential transition regularities exhibited with time-dependent and high-order nature; 2) the multi-level periodicity of human mobility; and 3) the heterogeneity and sparsity of the collected trajectory data. In this paper, we propose DeepMove, an attentional recurrent network for mobility prediction from lengthy and sparse trajectories. In DeepMove, we first design a multi-modal embedding recurrent neural network to capture the complicated sequential transitions by jointly embedding the multiple factors that govern the human mobility. Then, we propose a historical attention model with two mechanisms to capture the multi-level periodicity in a principle way, which effectively utilizes the periodicity nature to augment the recurrent neural network for mobility prediction. We perform experiments on three representative real-life mobility datasets, and extensive evaluation results demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models by more than 10%. Moreover, compared with the state-of-the-art neural network models, DeepMove provides intuitive explanations into the prediction and sheds light on interpretable mobility prediction.
Computer assisted 3D pre-operative planning tool for femur fracture orthopedic surgery

Femur shaft fractures are caused by high impact injuries and can affect gait functionality if not treated correctly. Until recently, the pre-operative planning for femur fractures has relied on two-dimensional (2D) radiographs, light boxes, tracing paper, and transparent bone templates. The recent availability of digital radiographic equipment has to some extent improved the workflow for preoperative planning. Nevertheless, imaging is still in 2D X-rays and planning/simulation tools to support fragment manipulation and implant selection are still not available. Direct three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) are also still restricted to a minority of complex orthopedic procedures. This paper proposes a software tool which allows orthopedic surgeons to visualize, diagnose, plan and simulate femur shaft fracture reduction procedures in 3D. The tool utilizes frontal and lateral 2D radiographs to model the fracture surface, separate a generic bone into the two fractured fragments, identify the pose of each fragment, and automatically customize the shape of the bone. The use of 3D imaging allows full spatial inspection of the fracture providing different views through the manipulation of the interactively reconstructed 3D model, and ultimately better pre-operative planning.
Crystallization of Amorphous Iron Nanoparticles by Means of Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics simulation is an effective tool for gaining insight into the structure and dynamics of supercooled liquids and glasses, and it is also a very useful extension of experimental and analytical investigations in many fields of physics [1]. Especially, MD simulations have contributed to understanding of atomistic behavior of the solidification and melting of materials [2-6], since it is difficult to trace the motion of atoms directly by experiments. The crystalline mechanism of amorphous materials is also one of the problems studied by MD simulation. The crystallization proceeds when small crystalline regions are arised from the structural fluctuation in the amorphous solid. If the nuclei are larger than critical size, they will grow at the expense of noncrystalline part; otherwise they regress to the amorphous solid. Although there are intensive studies of crystal nucleation and growth [7-12], our knowledge about the dynamics and structure during these processes is still limited. Moreover, the correct description at atomistic level for the growth of crystalline phase in amorphous matrix is also unclear.
Everyday, everywhere: alcohol marketing and social media--current trends.

AIMS To provide a snapshot content analysis of social media marketing among leading alcohol brands in the UK, and to outline the implications for both regulatory policies and further research. METHODS Using screengrab technology, the complete Facebook walls and Twitter timelines for 12 leading UK alcohol brands in November 2011 were captured and archived. A total of 701 brand-authored posts were identified and categorized using a thematic coding frame. Key strategic trends were identified and analysed in the light of contextual research into recent developments in marketing practice within the alcohol industry. RESULTS A number of dominating trends were identified. These included the use of real-world tie-ins, interactive games, competitions and time-specific suggestions to drink. These methods reflect a strategy of branded conversation-stimulus which is favoured by social media marketing agencies. CONCLUSION A number of distinct marketing methods are deployed by alcohol brands when using social media. These may undermine policies which seek to change social norms around drinking, especially the normalization of daily consumption. Social media marketing also raises questions regarding the efficacy of reactive regulatory frameworks. Further research into both the nature and impact of alcohol marketing on social media is needed.
Transcriptional evolution underlying vertebrate sexual development

Explaining the diversity of vertebrate sex‐determining mechanisms ranging from genotypic (GSD) to temperature‐dependent (TSD) remains a developmental and evolutionary conundrum. Using a phylogenetic framework, we explore the transcriptional evolution during gonadogenesis of several genes involved in sexual development, combining novel data from Chrysemys picta turtles (TSD) and published data from other TSD and GSD vertebrates. Our novel C. picta dataset underscores Sf1 and Wt1 as potential activators of the thermosensitive period and uncovered the first evidence of Dax1 involvement in male development in a TSD vertebrate. Contrasting transcriptional profiles revealed male‐biased Wt1 expression in fish while monomorphic expression is found in tetrapods but absent in turtles. Sf1 expression appears highly labile with transitions among testicular, ovarian, and non‐sex‐specific gonadal formation patterns among and within lineages. Dax1's dual role in ovarian and testicular formation is found in fish and mammals but is dosage‐sensitive exclusively in eutherian mammals due to its X‐linkage in this group. Contrastingly, Sox9 male‐biased and Aromatase female‐biased expression appear ancestral and virtually conserved throughout vertebrates despite significant heterochronic changes in expression as other elements likely replaced their function in early gonadogenesis. Finally, research avenues are highlighted to further study the evolution of the regulatory network of sexual development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Developmental Dynamics 242:307–319, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical Thickness in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison of Prodromal and Dementia Stages

Objectives To assess and compare cortical thickness (CTh) of patients with prodromal Dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB), prodromal Alzheimer's disease (pro-AD), DLB dementia (DLB-d), AD dementia (AD-d) and normal ageing. Methods Study participants(28 pro-DLB, 27 pro-AD, 31 DLB-d, 54 AD-d and 33 elderly controls) underwent 3Tesla T1 3D MRI and detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. We used FreeSurfer analysis package to measure CTh and investigate patterns of cortical thinning across groups. Results Comparison of CTh between pro-DLB and pro-AD (p<0.05, FDR corrected) showed more right anterior insula thinning in pro-DLB, and more bilateral parietal lobe and left parahippocampal gyri thinning in pro-AD. Comparison of prodromal patients to healthy elderly controls showed the involvement of the same regions. In DLB-d (p<0.05, FDR corrected) cortical thinning was found predominantly in the right temporo-parietal junction, and insula, cingulate, orbitofrontal and lateral occipital cortices. In AD-d(p<0.05, FDR corrected),the most significant areas affected included the entorhinal cortices, parahippocampal gyri and parietal lobes. The comparison of AD-d and DLB-d demonstrated more CTh in AD-d in the left entorhinal cortex (p<0.05, FDR corrected). Conclusion Cortical thickness is a sensitive measure for characterising patterns of grey matter atrophy in early stages of DLB distinct from AD. Right anterior insula involvement may be a key region at the prodromal stage of DLB and needs further investigation.
ICSV 14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July , 2007 1 SOUND PROPAGATION IN A REGION OF HOT GAS USING THE DRBEM

Simulations of the sound from flames inside combustion chambers define their computational domains predominantly inside the chamber, where the main acoustic sources and their interactions with the combustion processes take place. However, the noise pollution is determined by the sound radiated to the outside. Therefore, the prediction of the sound radiation, in particular of the radiation pattern outside the combustion chamber is of great importance, too. Immediately outside the chamber exit, there is a region of hot gas surrounded by homogeneous medium (air at ambient temperature). Knowing one acoustic quantity (pressure, velocity or impedance) at the exterior surface of the combustion chamber including the exit, the sound radiation can be obtained by solving a Helmholtz-Integral-Equation with an additional volume integral over the region of hot gas. Our research intends to study the applicability of the Dual Reciprocity BEM (DRBEM) to solve this problem. In this work, the DRBEM is applied to find the sound radiation of a round flame, modelled as a spherical volume of hot gas with a certain source distribution surrounded by air at ambient temperature. If the sound distribution depends only on the distance to the origin, the 3D-problem can be reduced to a one dimensional problem and analytically solved for specific source distributions. A comparison of the results of the DRBEM with the analytical solution of this spherical configuration is presented here as a test case.
Honeybee gut microbiota promotes host weight gain via bacterial metabolism and hormonal signaling

Significance Honey bees are globally important plant pollinators. Guts of adult workers contain specialized bacteria not found outside bees. Experimental results show that gut bacteria increase weight gain in young adult bees, affect expression of genes governing insulin and vitellogenin levels, and increase sucrose sensitivity. Gut bacteria also shape the physicochemical conditions within the gut, lowering pH and oxygen levels. Peripheral resident bacteria consume oxygen, thus maintaining anoxia, as required for microbial activity. Additionally, gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, with acetate and propionate as the major metabolites, as in guts of human and other animals. This study demonstrates how bacteria in the honey bee gut affect host weight gain and improves our understanding of how gut symbionts influence host health. Social bees harbor a simple and specialized microbiota that is spatially organized into different gut compartments. Recent results on the potential involvement of bee gut communities in pathogen protection and nutritional function have drawn attention to the impact of the microbiota on bee health. However, the contributions of gut microbiota to host physiology have yet to be investigated. Here we show that the gut microbiota promotes weight gain of both whole body and the gut in individual honey bees. This effect is likely mediated by changes in host vitellogenin, insulin signaling, and gustatory response. We found that microbial metabolism markedly reduces gut pH and redox potential through the production of short-chain fatty acids and that the bacteria adjacent to the gut wall form an oxygen gradient within the intestine. The short-chain fatty acid profile contributed by dominant gut species was confirmed in vitro. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses revealed that the gut community has striking impacts on the metabolic profiles of the gut compartments and the hemolymph, suggesting that gut bacteria degrade plant polymers from pollen and that the resulting metabolites contribute to host nutrition. Our results demonstrate how microbial metabolism affects bee growth, hormonal signaling, behavior, and gut physicochemical conditions. These findings indicate that the bee gut microbiota has basic roles similar to those found in some other animals and thus provides a model in studies of host–microbe interactions.
A Recommender System for Ancient Books, Pamphlets and Paintings in Ritsumeikan Art Research Center Database

In this paper, we develop a recommender system based on the Ritsumeikan Art Research Center (ARC) database, that stores a large number of the digital versions of ancient Japanese books, pamphlets, and paintings. We provide an easier way for novices to get access to this digital archive that was mostly used by experts before and for foreigners to know about Japanese arts and cultures. This recommender system is built as a web page. Users can select items of interest and then be provided with the most interesting items predicted by the recommender system. This system uses the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) for collaborative filtering to predict the most interesting items.
A Survey of MIKC Type MADS-Box Genes in Non-seed Plants: Algae, Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Ferns

MADS box transcription factors have been studied extensively in flowering plants but remain less studied in non-seed plants. MADS box is one such example of a gene which is prevalent across many classes of plants ranging from chlorophyta to embryophyta as well as fungi and animals. MADS box transcription factors are of two types, Type I and Type II. Type II transcription factors (TF) that consist of a MADS domain, I region, K domain, and C terminal domain are discussed in this review. The Type II/ MIKC class is widespread across charophytes and all major lineages of land plants but unknown in green and red algae. These transcription factors have been implicated in floral development in seed plants and thus the question arises, “What is their role in non-seed plants? ” From the studies reviewed here it can be gathered that unlike seed plants, MIKCC genes in non-seed plants have roles in both gametophytic and sporophytic generations and contribute to the development of both vegetative and reproductive structures. On the other hand as previously observed in seed plants, MIKC* genes of non-seed plants have a conserved role during gametophyte development. With respect to evolution of MIKC genes in non-seed plants, the number of common ancestors is probably very few at each branch. The expansion of this gene family in seed plants and increased plant complexity seem to be correlated. As gradually the genomes of non-seed plants are becoming available it is worthwhile to gather the existing information about MADS box genes in non-seed plants. This review highlights various MIKC MADS box genes discovered so far in non-seed plants, their possible roles and an insight into their evolution.
SIRT6 regulates Ras-related protein R-Ras2 by lysine defatty-acylation

The Ras family of GTPases are important in cell signaling and frequently mutated in human tumors. Understanding their regulation is thus important for studying biology and human diseases. Here, we report that a novel posttranslational mechanism, reversible lysine fatty acylation, regulates R-Ras2, a member of the Ras family. SIRT6, a sirtuin with established tumor suppressor function, regulates the lysine fatty acylation of R-Ras2. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), Sirt6 knockout (KO) increased R-Ras2 lysine fatty acylation. Lysine fatty acylation promotes the plasma membrane localization of R-Ras2 and its interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3K, leading to activated Akt and increased cell proliferation. Our study establishes lysine fatty acylation as a previously unknown mechanism that regulates the Ras family of GTPases and provides an important mechanism by which SIRT6 functions as a tumor suppressor. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.25158. 001
Inflammatory phenotypes of severe asthma in India

Lung India • Volume 36 • Issue 3 • May-June 2019 267 HLH is a life-threatening disorder, and diagnosis is often delayed or missed due to symptoms overlapping with other diseases. Treatment is primarily with steroids and other immune suppression as needed. It may be triggered by an infection, drugs, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic syndromes. Modified HLH 2004 trial diagnostic criteria include the presence of three of four clinical findings (fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, and hepatitis) plus one of four immune markers (hemophagocytosis, increased ferritin, hypofibrinogenemia, and absent or very decreased natural killer cell function). [2] Association of HLH with NTM, although rare [Table 1], should be kept in mind in a patient presenting with atypical features and when diagnostic workup for other complications has been noncontributory, and the patient does not show response to conventional treatment. Initial workup suggestive of HLH includes elevated Se Triglycerides, LDH & Ferritin. Bone marrow examination should be considered whenever feasible.