Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiogram-based scoring system for predicting secondary pulmonary hypertension: A cross-sectional study

Objectives In this study, we have developed an electrocardiogram-based scoring system to predict secondary pulmonary hypertension. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Single tertiary-care hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA. Participants Five hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients undergoing right heart catheterization between 2006 and 2009. Main outcome measures Surface electrocardiogram was assessed for R-wave in lead V1 ≥ 6mm, R-wave in V6 ≤ 3mm, S-wave in V6 ≥ 3mm, right atrial enlargement, right axis deviation and left atrial enlargement. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg, determined by right heart catheterization. Results A total of 297 (54%) patients in the study cohort had pulmonary hypertension. In total, 332 patients from the study cohort formed the development cohort and the remaining 220 patients formed the validation cohort. In the development cohort, based on log odds ratios of association, RAE, LAE, RAD, R-wave in V1 ≥ 6 mm were assigned scores of 5, 2, 2 and 1, respectively, to form a 10-point scoring system “Scranton PHT (SP) score”. SP scores of 5 points and 7 points in DC showed C-statistic of 0.83 and 0.89, respectively, for discriminating pulmonary hypertension. C-statistic for RAE alone was significantly lower compared to an SP score of 7 (0.83 vs. 0.89, P = 0.021). The reliability of SP score in the validation cohort was acceptable. Conclusion SP score provides a good point-of-care tool to predict pulmonary hypertension in patients with clinical suspicion of it.
Randomized multipath routing protocol for secure data transmission in wireless IP-over-WDM networks

Wireless WDM networks are composed of autonomous WDM nodes that are often deployed in unattended environment, thus leaving them vulnerable to capture and compromised by an adversary. One of the major challenges that wireless WDM networks face today is security. In this paper, we consider two types of security attacks namely node replication attack and black hole attack. In node replication attack, the attacker obtains network information from WDM nodes and generates replicas back into the network. Using a distributed approach replica nodes are detected with the help of witness nodes that are randomly selected from the network. Another security attack that occurs in wireless WDM networks is black hole attack, which absorbs all data packets in the network. For secure data delivery in the network, a randomized multipath routing mechanism is proposed, in which multiple paths are computed in a randomized way such that set of routes taken by shares of different packets changes over time which ultimately makes adversary difficult in finding routes traversed by each packet.
Residual disease monitoring in childhood acute myeloid leukemia by multiparameter flow cytometry: the MRD-AML-BFM Study Group.

PURPOSE Monitoring of residual disease (RD) by flow cytometry in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may predict outcome. However, the optimal time points for investigation, the best antibody combinations, and most importantly, the clinical impact of RD analysis remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred forty-two specimens of 150 children enrolled in the AML-Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (BFM) 98 study were analyzed by four-color immunophenotyping at up to four predefined time points during treatment. For each of the 12 leukemia-associated immunophenotypes and time points, a threshold level based on a previous retrospective analysis of another cohort of children with AML and on control bone marrows was determined. RESULTS Regarding all four time points, there is a statistically significant difference in the 3-year event-free survival (EFS) in those children presenting with immunologically detectable blasts at 3 or more time points. The levels at bone marrow puncture (BMP) 1 and BMP2 turned out to have the most significant predictive value for 3-year-EFS: 71% +/- 6% versus 48% +/- 9%, P(Log-Rank) = . 029 and 70% +/- 6% versus 50% +/- 7%, P(Log-Rank) = . 033), resulting in a more than two-fold risk of relapse. In a multivariate analysis, using a combined risk classification based on morphologically determined blasts at BMP1 and BMP2, French-American-British classification, and cytogenetics, the influence of immunologically determined RD was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION RD monitoring before second induction has the same predictive value as examining levels at four different time points during intensive chemotherapy. Compared with commonly defined risk factors in the AML-BFM studies, flow cytometry does not provide additional information for outcome prediction, but may be helpful to evaluate the remission status at day 28.
Energy-Efficiency Maximization for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Sensor Networks

Spectrum sensing is the prerequisite of opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) as its reliability determines the success of transmission. However, spectrum sensing is an energy-consuming operation that needs to be minimized for CSNs due to resource limitations. This paper considers the case where the cognitive sensors cooperatively sense a licensed channel by using the CoMAC-based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme to determine the presence of primary users. Energy efficiency (EE), defined as the ratio of the average throughput to the average energy consumption, is a very important performance metric for CSNs. We formulate an EE-maximization problem for CSS in CSNs subject to the constraint on the detection performance. In order to address the non-convex and non-separable nature of the formulated problem, we first find the optimal expression for the detection threshold and then propose an iterative solution algorithm to obtain an efficient pair of sensing time and the length of the modulated symbol sequence. Simulations demonstrate the convergence and optimality of the proposed algorithm. It is also observed in simulations that the combination of the CoMAC-based CSS scheme and the proposed algorithm yields much higher EE than conventional CSS schemes while guaranteeing the same detection performance.
Performance measuring in communities of practice: A method and case study

Project organizations generally do not know how to stimulate knowledge sharing. Besides, the implementation of a knowledge management system to stimulate knowledge sharing often fails. Literature shows that there are several techniques to measure communities of practice, individual, and organizational performance. But which technique should be used? Although discussed by several authors, there is still not yet a generic method that can be used to efficiently implement knowledge management interventions. In this paper, a method to measure community of practice performance is developed and validated. The measuring method provides an indication of how a community of practice is functioning at a certain moment. On the other hand there is no valid proof that KM interventions have a positive effect on a community of practice. Therefore more validation is needed. Also, some limitations of the research and suggestions for further research are given.
Deregulating School Aid in California: How Districts Responded to Flexibility in Tier 3 Categorical Funds in 2010-2011. Technical Report.

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Bilingual phrases for statistical machine translation

The statistical framework has proved to be very successful in machine translation. The main reason for this success is the existence of powerful techniques that allow to build machine translation systems automatically from available parallel corpora. Most of statistical machine translation approaches are based on single-word translation models, which do not take bilingual contextual information into account. The translation model in the phrase-based approach defines correspondences between sequences of contiguous source words (source segments) and sequences of contiguous target words (target segments) instead of only correspondences between single source words and single target words. That is, statistical phrase-based translation models make use of explicit bilingual contextual information. Different methods for the selection of adequate bilingual word sequences and for training the parameters of these odels are reviewed in this paper. Improved techniques for the selection and training model parameters are also introduced. The phrase-based approach has been assessed in different tasks using different corpora and the results obtained are comparable or better than the ones obtained using other statistical and non-statistical machine translation systems
Analysis of Phase Noise Degradation Considering Switch Transistor Capacitances for CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillators

SUMMARY In this paper we present a study on the design optimization of voltage-controlled oscillators. The phase noise of LC-type oscillators is basically limited by the quality factor of inductors. It has been experimentally shown that higher-Q inductors can be achieved at higher frequencies while the oscillation frequency is limited by parasitic capacitances. In this paper, the minimum transistor size and the degradation of the quality factor caused by a switched-capacitor array are analytically estimated, and the maximum oscillation frequency of VCOs is also derived from an equivalent circuit by considering parasitic capacitances. According to the analytical evaluation, the phase noise of a VCO using a 65 nm CMOS is 2 dB better than that of a 180 nm CMOS.
Trust Negotiation with Hidden Credentials, Hidden Policies, and Policy Cycles

In an open environment such as the Internet, the decision to collaborate with a stranger (e.g., by granting access to a resource) is often based on the characteristics (rather than the identity) of the requester, via digital credentials: Access is granted if Alice’s credentials satisfy Bob’s access policy. The literature contains many examples where protecting the credentials and the access control policies is useful, and there are numerous protocols that achieve this. In many of these schemes, the server does not learn whether the client obtained access (e.g., to a message, or a service via an eticket). A consequence of this property is that the client can use all of her credentials without fear of “probing” attacks by the server, because the server cannot glean information about which credentials the client has (when this property is lacking, the literature uses a framework where the very use of a credential is subject to a policy specific to that credential). The main result of this paper is a protocol for negotiating trust between Alice and Bob without revealing either credentials or policies, when each credential has its own access policy associated with it (e.g., “a top-secret clearance credential can only be used when the other party is a government employee and has a top-secret clearance”). Our protocol carries out this privacy-preserving trust negotiation between Alice and Bob, while enforcing each credential’s policy (thereby protecting sensitive credentials). Note that there can be a deep nesting of dependencies between credential policies, and that there can be (possibly overlapping) policy cycles of these dependencies. Our result is not achieved through the routine use of standard techniques to implement, in this framework, one of the known strategies for trust negotiations (such as the “eager strategy”). Rather, this paper uses novel techniques to implement a non-standard trust negotiation strategy specifically suited to this framework (and in fact unusable outside of this framework, as will become clear). Our work is therefore Portions of this work were supported by Grants IIS-0325345, IIS0219560, IIS-0312357, and IIS-0242421 from the National Science Foundation, Contract N00014-02-1-0364 from the Office of Naval Research, by sponsors of the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security, and by Purdue Discovery Park’s e-enterprise Center. a substantial extension of the state-of-the-art in privacypreserving trust negotiations.
The Segmentation of Speech and its Implications for the Emergence of Language Structure

Original article can be found (via Ingenta) at: http://www.ingentaconnect. com/content/1387-5337 Copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI: 10.1075/eoc.4. 2.03lyo [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]
The impact of data characteristics on hardware selection for low-power DSP

Adders and multipliers are key operations in DSP systems. The power consumption of adders is well understood but there is no analysis based on detailed simulation of multipliers available. This paper considers the power consumption of a number of multiplier structures such as array and Wallace Tree multipliers and examines how the power varies with data wordlengths and different applications (e.g. image and speech). In all cases results were obtained from EPIC PowerMill™ simulations of synthesised circuit layouts, a process which is accepted to be within 5% of the actual silicon. Analysis of the results highlights the effects of routing and interconnect optimization for low power operation and gives clear indications on choice of multiplier structure and design flow for the rapid design of DSP systems. The application of the findings to system level design can result in savings of up to 40.
A Study of Meme Propagation : Statistics , Rates , Authorities , and Spread

We use the Meme-tracking system to understand how phrases spread across news sources [3]. We have observed how a meme gains momentum and loses popularity, and observed how the category of the meme affects its life. We begin by looking at various statistics from the frequency data to understand differences between the lifetime of memes across subject matter and media source, and look for methods to predict how the shape of the graph will change over time. Additionally, we consider the graph of news sources and directed edges from the sources that are hyperlinked in the original article. Here we find the top authoritative news sources and blogs. Additionally, we built a theoretical example to determine the actual influence network. Finally, we consider a cascade network on this graph to determine whether the SIS model is reasonable to model meme propogration.
Evidence from human , yeast , and plant Positionally biased gene loss after whole genome duplication : Material

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2012/09/17/gr.131953. 111.DC1. html P<P Published online July 26, 2012 in advance of the print journal. License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ described at as a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Taking working memory training from the laboratory into schools

Working memory skills have been shown to be enhanced by adaptive training in several randomised controlled trials. Here, two field trials were conducted in which teachers administered working memory training to their own pupils in school. Twenty-two children aged 8–9 years participated in Trial 1. In Trial 2, 50 children aged 9–11 years with the lowest academic performance completed training. They were matched with a group of 50 children who were not trained. Following training, children in Trial 1 improved significantly in both trained and untrained working memory tasks, with effect sizes comparable to those reported in research studies. Improvements on the trained tasks in Trial 2 were comparable, and training was associated with significantly greater progress at school across the academic year in maths and English. These findings indicate that teacher-administered training leads to generalised and robust gains in working memory and educationally significant gains in academic performance.
Dynamical binary latent variable models for 3D human pose tracking

We introduce a new class of probabilistic latent variable model called the Implicit Mixture of Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines (imCRBM) for use in human pose tracking. Key properties of the imCRBM are as follows: (1) learning is linear in the number of training exemplars so it can be learned from large datasets; (2) it learns coherent models of multiple activities; (3) it automatically discovers atomic “movemes” and (4) it can infer transitions between activities, even when such transitions are not present in the training set. We describe the model and how it is learned and we demonstrate its use in the context of Bayesian filtering for multi-view and monocular pose tracking. The model handles difficult scenarios including multiple activities and transitions among activities. We report state-of-the-art results on the HumanEva dataset.
Uplink-downlink duality for integer-forcing: Effective SINRs and iterative optimization

Integer-forcing is a recently proposed framework for single-user encoding and decoding for MIMO channels. The key idea is that, by using appropriate nested lattice codebooks, we can ensure that every integer linear combination of codewords is itself a codeword. This permits the decoder is to first eliminate noise from the interfering data streams at the decoder, and only afterwards solve for the data streams. Here, we examine the integer-forcing framework from a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio perspective and focus on the challenging problem of simultaneously optimizing the beamforming and projection matrices as well as the targeted integer matrix. Using recent results on uplink-downlink duality for integer-forcing, we propose an iterative algorithm for selecting these matrices and investigate its performance via simulations.
Is There a Career and Technical Education Coursetaking Pipeline between High School and College?

Background Previous studies have explored the relationship between career and technical education (CTE) on numerous secondary and college outcomes. However, a key oversight in the literature is the examination of the CTE coursetaking pipeline as it makes a direct connection between high school and college. Research Questions We asked the following research questions to address the gap in CTE literature around secondary to postsecondary pipelines: (1) Does taking CTE courses in high school predict taking CTE courses in college? (2) Does this relationship differ between students who attend 2- and 4-year colleges? (3) Does the relationship differ by different areas of CTE? Research Design To respond to these questions, we used the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), a nationally representative dataset. We employed basic logistic regression, school fixed effects, and instrumental variable estimations to reduce biases in our estimations in the relationship between high school and college CTE coursetaking. Results We found that CTE coursetaking in high school linked to overall CTE coursetaking across all years of college. When examining 2- and 4-year college coursetaking independently, only the relationship between high school and 4-year college CTE coursetaking was significant. We also found that there existed differential linking based on type of institution in which the courses were completed and area of CTE—specifically, applied STEM, business, trade and industry, and health. Conclusions A first implication from these findings is that CTE in high school, which is itself funded through the current iteration of the Perkins legislation, appears to be having a noticeable link to CTE participation in college. From the second research question, there could very well be a strong connection between high school CTE and 2-year enrollment that is not reflected in first year CTE coursetaking at the 2-year level. Finally, the implications from the third research question speak to the need to focus on CTE as a group of individual categories as opposed to a single overarching group.
Implementation of a Psycho-Oncology Program according to international recommendations applied in a Brazilian Public Service

The development of international guidelines for distress assessment gave greater visibility to the importance of psychosocial issues within Oncology services. This study sought to identify the instruments used in Brazil, to describe the procedures for implementing this program and to present the preliminary results of a public hospital. In Brazil these recommendations are little broadcast. However, the feasibility and benefits of this new model of care were proved. There was a substantial increased number of patients seen, suggesting agility for distress identification. This program organized and optimized the cancer care, facilitated interprofessional communication, and ensured the identification of patients’ needs.
3D current path in stacked devices: Metrics and challenges

Although magnetic current imaging (MCI) is useful in fault isolation of devices with 2D current distributions, MCI alone cannot give the exact information of current paths in complex 3D stacked devices. Previous work has demonstrated the ability of a simulation approach to find a short circuit in 3D geometry. This approach has been challenged in the case of dense and complex 3D current paths. In this paper, the aim is to demonstrate how we can overcome this issue by using a new simulation approach instead of the previous segment by segment approach. The new approach has been validated on a complex chip with daisy chains vertically connected by vias. From the study of the simulation of three hypothesized current paths of various current lines of interest, excluding and including the interactions with neighbouring current lines (both locally and globally), it was found that interactions of a current line with its global neighbours have very important effects, compared to no interactions or only interactions with local neighbours. By simulating all the currents, it was possible to minimize the error given by the presence of several current lines in a small volume.
Novel Uses for Lipid-Lowering Agents

Statin use leads to a reduction in the downstream products of the mevalonate pathway. Knowledge of this pathway has led scientists to investigate the role of statins in cancer prevention and treatment. Statins appear to possess a variety of pleiotropic effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation; enhanced apoptosis; and modulation of inflammation, endothelial function, and angiogenesis. In cancer specifically, experimental studies have found that statins may induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. These mechanisms have steered researchers into evaluating the possible benefit of statins in the prevention and treatment of malignancies. This review will discuss the literature supporting the use of statins to prevent and treat cancer.