Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entropic Measures of Complexity of Short-Term Dynamics of Nocturnal Heartbeats in an Aging Population

Two entropy-based approaches are investigated to study patterns describing differences in time intervals between consecutive heartbeats. The first method explores matrices arising from networks of transitions constructed following events represented by a time series. The second method considers distributions of ordinal patterns of length three, whereby patterns with repeated values are counted as different patterns. Both methods provide estimators of dynamical aspects of short-term heartbeat signals obtained from nocturnal Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of healthy people of different ages and genders. The deceleration capacity, arising from the adjacency matrix of the network, and the entropy rate, resulting from the transition matrix of the network, are also calculated, and both significantly decay with aging. As people age, the permutation entropy grows, due to the increase in patterns with repeated values. All of these estimators describe in a consistent way changes in the beat-to-beat heart period dynamics caused by aging. An overall slowing down of heart period changes is observed, and an increase of permutation entropy results from the progressive increase of patterns with repeated values. This result points to the sympathetic drive becoming dominant in cardiac regulation of nocturnal heart rate with age.
Screening to Microarray Technology : Strategies to Determine Gene Expression Pro ® les and to Identify Di erentially Regulated Genes in Plants

0305-7364/0 * Fax 49 Hybridization to DNA microarrays and high density membrane ®lters, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), the cDNA-AFLP technique, restriction fragment-coupled dierential display (RC4D), dierential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR) and also the dierential screening of standard and subtracted cDNA libraries are techniques being used extensively to determine transcription patterns or to identify dierentially regulated genes in plants and other organisms. In this review, commonly used display systems are evaluated and compared. The general principles on which the dierent techniques are based and which determine their potential and their limitations are described. Performance aspects of each method are discussed, and existing applications of each method are brie ̄y surveyed. Some typical examples are considered to illustrate how dierential display systems have been applied to plants and to what extent these techniques have contributed to our understanding of plant gene expression. # 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Assessing Food Systems and Their Impact on Common Pool Resources and Resilience

The ongoing expansion of agro-industrial food systems is associated with severe socio-ecological problems. For a closer look at the socio-ecological impacts, we analyze the capacity of six food systems to provide farm-based agroecosystem services with the Agroecosystem Service Capacity (ASC) approach. At the same time, we analyze how food systems affect the management of common pool resources (CPR). Our findings show that indigenous peoples and agroecological food systems can have up to three times the ASC-index of agro-industrial food systems. Through their contribution to the sustainable management of cultural landscapes with robust institutions for the management of CPRs, food systems contribute to socio-ecological integrity. On the other hand, regional and agro-industrial food systems with a lower ASC-index contribute less to socio-ecological integrity, and they undermine and open up common property institutions for robust CPR management. As a result, they appropriate (or grab) access to CPRs that are vital for food systems with higher ASC-indexes resulting from a robust management of CPRs. Strengthening a robust management of CPRs could put a halt to the ongoing expansion of food systems with a low ASC-index by replacing them with a high ASC-index to prevent an exacerbation of the current socio-ecological situation.
Compartmented Model Workstation: Results Through Prototyping

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) recognized that commercially available workstations could significantly enhance the capabilities of today's Intelligence Data Handling Systems (IDHS) if they could be integrated with the IDHS systems in a secure manner. The Compartmented Mode Workstation (CMW) project was started at the request of the DIA to further the state-of-the-art of computer security in general and workstation security in particular. The prototype effort had two major purposes. The first purpose was to demonstrate that operationally useful implementations of each requirement could be designed and developed. The second, more general, purpose was to gain insight into what measures could be taken to augment commercially available workstations with meaningful security. Therefore, as the Security Requirements for System High and Compartmented Mode Workstations [CMWREQS] were stated, a development team attempted to implement thereon the CMW prototype. Viable approaches were found for all requirements thereby verifying the premise that a workstation and its associated operating system could be modified such that off-the-shelf software (distributed in binary form) could execute with adequate security . This paper describes compartmented mode operation, how the prototype satisfied each requirement, and the level of effort involved in the prototype implementation.
Probability Distribution of Density Fluctuations in the Nonlinear Regime

We present a general procedure for obtaining the present density fluctuation probability distribution given the statistics of the initial conditions. The main difficulties faced with regard to this problem are those related to the nonlinear evolution of the density fluctuations and those posed by the fact that the fields we are interested in are the result of filtering an underlying field with structure down to scales much smaller than that of filtering. The solution to the latter problem is discussed here in detail and the solution to the former is taken from a previous work. We have checked the procedure for values of the rms density fluctuation as large as and several power spectra and found that it leads to results in excellent agreement with those obtained in numerical simulations. We also recover all available exact results from perturbation theory.
Development of rehabilitation support robot for personalized rehabilitation of upper limbs

We develop a rehabilitation support robot for personalized rehabilitation of upper limbs. This robot is equipped with rehabilitation training support system and muscle testing system. The rehabilitation training support system enables therapists to easily make a training program to suit patients' individual needs. The muscle testing system enables therapists to easily perform muscle test instead of manual muscle test(MMT) and to evaluate the muscle strength quantitatively. Therefore therapists' load can be reduced, and therapeutic effect can be increased. In these systems teaching/guided function and control method of resistance force are used.
PRECIP: Towards Practical and Retrofittable Confidential Information Protection

A grand challenge in information protection is how to preserve the confidentiality of sensitive information under spyware surveillance. This problem has not been well addressed by the existing access-control mechanisms which cannot prevent the spyware already in a system from monitoring an authorized party’s interactions with sensitive data. Our answer to this challenge is PRECIP, a new security policy model which takes a first step towards practical and retrofittable confidential information protection. This model is designed to offer efficient online protection for commercial applications and operating systems. It intends to be retrofitted to these applications and systems without modifying their code. To this end, PRECIP addresses several practical issues critical to containing spyware surveillance, which however are not well handled by the previous work in access control and information-flow security. Examples include the models for human input devices such as keyboard whose sensitivity level must be dynamically determined, other shared resources such as clipboard and screen which must be accessed by different processes, and the multitasked processes which work on public and sensitive data concurrently. We applied PRECIP to Windows XP to protect the applications for editing or viewing sensitive documents and browsing sensitive websites. We demonstrate that our implementation works effectively against a wide spectrum of spyware, including keyloggers, screen grabbers and file stealers. We also evaluated the overheads of our technique, which are shown to be very small.
Göbekli Tepe: A Brief Description of the Environmental Development in the Surroundings of the UNESCO World Heritage Site

This contribution provides a first characterization of the environmental development for the surroundings of the UNESCO World Heritage site of Göbekli Tepe. We base our analyses on a literature review that covers the environmental components of prevailing bedrock and soils, model- and proxy-based climatic development, and vegetation. The spatio-temporal scales that are covered are mainly the Eastern Mediterranean region and the Late Quaternary—whereby special attention is given to available data from the close vicinity of Göbekli Tepe. Information on Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics is largely absent for the environs of Göbekli Tepe, we therefore included remote sensing data, different terrain modeling approaches and field-based geomorphological mapping to gain insights into past process dynamics. The findings indicate that the environmental conditions at Göbekli Tepe during its time of occupation differed significantly from today, showing denser vegetation and a wide spread sediment cover. Different hypotheses are developed that aim to guide future research on environmental changes and their variations during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. These activities are crucial for a more profound understanding of the environment of the site, its potential perception by humans and therefore for the development of narratives on their landscape creation motives.
Modeling and improving selection in cascading pull-down menus using Fitts' law, the steering law and force fields

Selecting a menu item in a cascading pull-down menu is a frequent but time consuming and complex GUI task. This paper describes an approach aimed to support the user during selection in cascading pull-down menus when using an indirect pointing device. By enhancing such a cascading pull-down menu with "force fields", the cursor is attracted toward a certain direction, e.g. toward the right hand side within a menu item, which opens up a sub-menu, making the cursor steering task easier and faster. The experiment described here shows that the force fields can decrease selection times, on average by 18%, when a mouse, a track point, or touch pad is used as input device. The results also suggest that selection times in cascading pull-down menus can be modeled using a combination of Fitts' law and the steering law. The proposed model proved to hold for all three devices, in both standard and in enhanced cascading pull-down menus, with correlations better than r2=0.90.
The Continuous Wavelet Transform on Conic Sections

We review the coherent state ( or group-theoretical) construction of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) on the two-sphere. Next, we describe the construction of a CWT on the upper sheet of a two-sheeted hyperboloid, emphasizing the similarities between the two cases. Finally, we give some indications on the CWT on a paraboloid and we introduce a unified approach to the CWT on conic sections.
Mapping job requirements of software engineers to Big Five Personality Traits

Software engineering is a booming industry and is contributing to world economy in terms of providing employment and monetary benefits. Unfortunately, despite its importance, research in this field is still not mature. Studies so far done in this field have heavily focused on technical aspects rather than non-technical. In fact, software development is a human activity (performed by humans) which emphasizes the importance of research on non-technical (human or soft aspects) of software engineering. Recently there has been an increase on studies which are focusing more on the soft aspects of software engineering. This study also focuses on the human aspect of software engineering namely personality. Software engineers belong to various categories and their roles differ from each other based on their job requirements and skills needed to perform those jobs. This study mapped the hard and soft skills required by various software engineers and then linked them to personality traits using Big Five Personality Traits.
TensorFlow machine learning for distracted driver detection and assistance using GPU or CPU cluster

In 2015, 391,000 people were injured in motor vehicle crashes involving a distracted driver [1]. As portable electronic devices give us access to information 24 hours per day, and as our lives get more scheduled and busy, there are several forms of distracted driving that are being noticed and analyzed in order to improve driving safety. Visual distraction occurs when the driver takes their eyes off the road; manual distraction occurs when the driver takes their hands off the wheel; and cognitive distraction occurs when the driver takes their mind off driving. The CDC is concerned enough to be tracking these factors and researchers are gathering data to help analyze the situation.
An overview and a dichotomous key to genera of the phylum Gastrotricha

Gastrotricha are microscopic (0.06-3.0 mm in body length) free-living, acoelomate, aquatic worms, characterised by a meiobenthic life style. In marine habitats they are mainly interstitial, whereas in fresh waters they are ubiquitous as a component of periphyton and benthos and to a more limited extend also of the plankton. The phylum is cosmopolitan with about 700 described species grouped into two orders: Macrodasyida, with some 250 strap-shaped species, all but two of which are marine or estuarine, and Chaetonotida with some 450 tenpin-shaped species, two thirds of which are freshwater. Macrodasyida include 7 families and 32 genera, whereas Chaetonotida counts 8 families and 30 genera. This key includes several recently described taxa, namely Xenodasyidae, Muselliferidae, Chordodasiopsis and Diuronotus.
Combination of Statistical and Neural Machine Translation for Myanmar-English

This paper presents the NICT’s machine translation system combining neural and statistical machine translation for the WAT2018 Myanmar–English translation task. For both translation directions, we built state-of-the-art statistical (SMT) and neural (NMT) machine translation systems and combined them to improve translation quality. Our NMT systems were trained with the Transformer architecture using the provided parallel data. Our systems combining SMT and NMT are ranked ﬁrst for this task according to BLEU. This paper also describes the impact of using a small quantity of back-translated monolingual data.
Interference power sum with log-normal components in ad-hoc and sensor networks

The log-normal shadowing radio model has frequently been used to model radio propagation conditions. There exist accurate calculation methods for estimation of interference power sum statistics in fixed-topology wireless networks based on this radio model. Here we publish essential additions to these estimation methods to expand their use to sensor networks and ad-hoc networks with changing topology. To our best knowledge this has not been done before. Taking into account radio propagation conditions, density of nodes, size of the network, traffic load per node and MAC protocol characteristics, we present a calculation method for the estimation of interference power sum statistics in wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. The accuracy of the calculation method is verified by simulations. We highlight the influence of MAC protocols on interference and show that an increase in network size or in node density does not necessarily lead into higher interference values. Our results can be deployed to estimate the network capacity.
Spatial Data Processing Frameworks-A Literature Survey

Location-based applications and services have become an integral part of our lives. These applications extract meaningful information through the analysis of large location-tagged (spatial) datasets that are generated like never before. The term ”Information Explosion” is often used to describe the sheer amount of data that is being made available to individuals, businesses, and other entities. Traditional computing and database systems fall short when it comes to the efficient handling of truly large datasets. Consequently, several high-performance parallel computing systems were developed with the goal of providing quick, accurate, and scalable solutions. Unfortunately, today’s state-of-the-art parallel processing systems are generic systems and are not well suited to perform efficient processing of large spatial datasets. Therefore, specialized frameworks are needed to empower these systems and improve spatial data processing. Instead of building parallel processing systems from the grounds up, already existing and stable systems like Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark are utilized.
Systematic search for placental DNA-methylation markers on chromosome 21: toward a maternal plasma-based epigenetic test for fetal trisomy 21.

BACKGROUND The presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma represents a source of fetal genetic material for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis; however, the coexisting background maternal DNA complicates the analysis of aneuploidy in such fetal DNA. Recently, the SERPINB5 gene on chromosome 18 was shown to exhibit different DNA-methylation patterns in the placenta and maternal blood cells, and the allelic ratio for placenta-derived hypomethylated SERPINB5 in maternal plasma was further shown to be useful for noninvasive detection of fetal trisomy 18. METHODS To develop a similar method for the noninvasive detection of trisomy 21, we used methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension and/or bisulfite sequencing to systematically search 114 CpG islands (CGIs)-76% of the 149 CGIs on chromosome 21 identified by bioinformatic criteria-for differentially methylated DNA patterns. The methylation index (MI) of a CpG site was estimated as the proportion of molecules methylated at that site. RESULTS We identified 22 CGIs which were shown to contain CpG sites that were either completely unmethylated (MI = 0.00) in maternal blood cells and methylated in the placenta (MI range, 0.22-0.65), or completely methylated (MI = 1.00) in maternal blood cells and hypomethylated in the placenta (MI range, 0.00-0.75). We detected, for the first time, placental DNA-methylation patterns on chromosome 21 in maternal plasma during pregnancy and observed their postpartum clearance. CONCLUSION Twenty-two (19%) of the 114 studied CGIs on chromosome 21 showed epigenetic differences between samples of placenta and maternal blood cells; these CGIs may provide a rich source of markers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
Joint entropy for spatial information retrieval from orthogonal heart planes improves catheter ablation outcome prediction in persistent atrial fibrillation

Predictability of catheter ablation (CA) outcome in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is still an open issue. Predictors in previous studies are mainly computed in only one ECG lead, and neglect relevant information from the other ones. In this study we investigate the role of interlead relationships on the 12-lead ECG in CA outcome prediction.
Manumycin inhibits ras signal transduction pathway and induces apoptosis in COLO320-DM human colon tumourcells

The aim of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity of manumycin, a specific inhibitor of farnesyl:protein transferase, as well as its effects on protein isoprenylation and kinase-dependent signal transduction in COLO320-DM human colon adenocarcinoma which harbours a wild-type K- ras gene. Immunoblot analysis of isolated cell membranes and total cellular lysates of COLO320-DM cells demonstrated that manumycin dose-dependently reduced p21 ras farnesylation with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.51 ± 0.11 μM and 2.68 ± 0.20 μM, respectively, while the geranylgeranylation of p21 rhoA and p21 rap1 was not affected. Manumycin dose-dependently inhibited (IC50= 2.40 ± 0.67 μM) the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase 2 (p42MAPK/ERK2), the main cytoplasmic effector of p21 ras, as well as COLO320-DM cell growth (IC50= 3.58 ± 0.27 μM) without affecting the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Mevalonic acid (MVA, 100 μM), a substrate of the isoprenoid synthesis, was unable to protect COLO320-DM cells from manumycin cytotoxicity. Finally, manumycin 1–25 μM for 24–72 h induced oligonucleosomal fragmentation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and MVA did not protect COLO320-DM cells from undergoing DNA cleavage. The present findings indicate that the inhibition of p21 ras processing and signal transduction by manumycin is associated with marked inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and the effect on cell growth does not require the presence of a mutated ras gene for maximal expression of chemotherapeutic activity. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
The climate warming effect of a fen peat meadow with fluctuating water table is reduced by young alder trees.

Department of Landscape Ecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany Institute of Soil Landscape Research, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Bingen, Germany Institute for Chemistry and Biology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation Chemical Analytics & Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark _______________________________________________________________________________________