Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Portfolio of Reconfigurable and Dedicated Capacity under Uncertainty

We address how a firm should optimally allocate its capacity investments between dedicated systems (DMS) and reconfigurable systems (RMS). Motivated by our work with machine tool makers, and auto companies who buy their tools, our model addresses the case of a firm making a single product for which demand is random. Furthermore, in stochastic time intervals, the firm introduces a new generation of products. Dedicated capacity is generally cheaper but only functional for one product generation while reconfigurable capacity can be reconfigured for future generations as well albeit at the expense of potentially higher initial investments per unit capacity, maintenance and unit production costs. Given the stochastic nature of demand, and new product introduction intervals, the firm has to decide every period how many reconfigurable and dedicated modules to buy or salvage. We first characterize the structure of the optimal investment policy when DMS and RMS module sizes are identical. In this case, we are able to use multimodularity properties of value functions (Hajek (1985)), to show that the optimal policy structure of our model is of ISD (Invest/Stay Put/Disinvest) type (Eberly and Van Mieghen (1997)). We are also able to provide comparative statics results on how the thresholds defining the ISD structure are affected by changes in problem parameters. Interestingly, the amount of reconfigurable capacity is not necessarily monotonic in the probability of new product introductions or relative cost of dedicated capacity. The ISD policy is unfortunately sub-optimal when DMS and RMS capacity have different module sizes. We provide numerical examples that display characteristics of the optimal policy with different module sizes. We are able to fully characterize the structure of the optimal investment policy under the irreversible investment assumption. For the general case, we provide structural results that significantly decrease the computational load for computing the optimal investment policy. We also show that the optimal policy has an ISD-like structure with perturbations caused by the fact that capacity is lumpy and not continuous as assumed in previous work. Our results indicate that in most situations, firms should keep a portfolio of dedicated and reconfigurable machine tools and the mix should be driven by the relative costs of each as well as the forecasts on how often new products will be introduced and the expected level of demand. In many firms we ∗Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 †Business School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ‡McCormick School of Engineering & Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
Optimal intervention intensity for emergent literacy: What we know and need to learn

Abstract In response to 2 unpacking critical components of optimal intervention intensity, this article explores what is currently known regarding intervention intensity for emergent literacy for children at risk for delays in this area of development. Studies specifically addressing intervention intensity related to phonological awareness and print knowledge suggest that more intensity does not always yield better results, and other factors suggested by Baker may influence the impact of intensity on children's outcomes. However, none of the research to date includes speech-language pathologists or children with diagnosed language disorders in the intervention models. Future research involving large-scale, systematic focus on intervention intensity in emergent literacy for children at risk for future reading disorders is needed to fully understand this construct within speech-language pathology services.
Lower bound limit analysis using the Control Volume Finite Element Method

The paper presents a novel approach for lower bound limit analysis based on the Control Volume Finite Element Method. The central concept of the solution procedure is a force balance on control volumes corresponding to nodes, where tractions on control volume faces are evaluated using linear interpolation of the unknown stress components at nodal points. An optimization routine incorporating second-order cone programming is subsequently employed to fi nd the stress fi eld that maximizes applied load subject to constraints imposed by equilibrium, boundary conditions, and the yield condition, thereby fi nding a load that is closest to the true collapse load. The formulation is for plain strain (i.e. two dimensions) and material obeying the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition. The proposed approach is applied to the benchmark problem of a uniform strip load applied to a half space, and very good agreement between analytical and numerical results is found.
New World Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis with Oral Manifestations: Case Report and Damage Repair

New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious and parasitic disease caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the biteoffemaleinsects of the genus Lutzomyia and is endemic in some countries of the New World, including Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. The diagnosis of New World mucocutaneous leishmaniasis encompasses epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects. Usually, the combination of some of these elements is necessary for the final diagnosis. Oral lesions of leishmaniasis can be challenging to diagnose and represent a complication to the overall health of the individual. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented multiple lesions in the soft palate, upper and lower lips. So, we highlight the important role of the dentist in the diagnosis of oral leishmaniasis lesions, which are uncommon and can be confused with other diseases, thus contributing to the identification and appropriate treatment of cases, especially in geographical regions where the parasite is endemic.
Recovery of Exfoliated Cells From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Premature Infants: A New Tool to Perform “Noninvasive Biopsies?”

To gain insight into specific gene expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of preterm infants, we adapted a method to isolate exfoliated epithelial cells. Gastric residual fluid aspirates (n = 89) or stool samples (n = 10) were collected from 96 neonates (gestational age, 24–36 wk). Cells were characterized by microscopic observation, cytokeratin-18 immunodetection, and expression of transcripts. The human origin of cellular DNA was confirmed by amplification of specific X and Y chromosome sequences. Isolation yielded 100–500 cells per sample for gastric aspirates (n = 8) and 10–20 cells for fecal samples (n = 5). Epithelial origin was confirmed by immunodetection of cytokeratin 18. Analyses of reverse transcribed products, using two independent methods, from 15 gastric fluid and two stool samples showed that 18S-rRNA and transcripts of beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and period1 were in quantities corresponding to at least 10 cells. On 59 aspirates, we found beta-actin transcripts (all but one), cytokeratin 18 (eight positive of eight samples), SLC26-A7-1 (13 positive of 19 samples), period2 (17 positive of 17 samples), and clock (25 positive of 26 samples). Exfoliated cells can be recovered from gastric aspirates and fecal samples and serve as a tool to investigate the impact of therapeutic and nutritional regimens on the maturation of GI functions.
The Role of Behaviour in Inequality in Increments of Dental Caries among Finnish Adults

Background: Evidence from cross-sectional studies implies that dental behaviours partially explain inequalities in oral health. Objective: To assess whether dental behaviours completely eliminate inequality in increments of dental caries in a sample of Finnish adults. Methods: The baseline data were collected from the Health 2000 survey, a nationally representative survey of 8,028 individuals aged 30 years or older living in mainland Finland. Four years later, 1,248 subjects were invited for oral re-examination, and 1,049 agreed to participate (84% response rate). At baseline, participants provided information on demographics, education and dental behaviours (dental attendance, tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste, sugar consumption and daily smoking). Oral examinations at baseline and follow-up were identical. Results: Adults with basic education had significantly greater increments of DMFT (incidence rate ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.07-1.85) and DT (incidence rate ratio 2.23, 95% CI 1.27-3.90) than those with high education. Adjusting for single behaviours attenuated but did not eliminate education inequality in DMFT and DT increments, tooth brushing having the greatest impact on inequality. Simultaneous adjustment for all behaviours eliminated the significant relationship between education and caries increment. Conclusions: Accounting for important dental behaviours appears to explain all education inequality in dental caries in Finnish adults. The results should be interpreted with caution when applied to less egalitarian populations.
A Survey of Intrusion Detection Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are currently used in many application areas including military applications, health related applications, control and tracking applications and environment and habitat monitoring applications. The harsh and unattended deployment of these networks along with their resource restrictions makes their security issue very important. Prevention-based security approaches like cryptography, authentication and key management have been used to protect WSNs from different kinds of attacks but these approaches are not enough to protect the network from insider attacks that may extract sensitive information even in the presence of the prevention-based solution. Detection-based approaches are then proposed to protect WSNs from insider attacks and act as a second line defense after the failure of the prevention-based approaches. Many intrusion detection schemes have been introduced for WSN in the literature. In this article, we present a survey of intrusion detection schemes in WSNs. First, we present the similar works and show their differences from this work. After that, we outline the fundamentals of intrusion detection in WSNs, describing the types of attacks and state the motivation for intrusion detection in WSNs. Then, we demonstrate the challenges of developing an ideal intrusion detection scheme for WSNs followed by the main requirements of a good candidate intrusion detection scheme. The state-of-the-art intrusion detection schemes are then presented based on the techniques used in each scheme and categorizing them into four main categories: rule-based, data mining and computational intelligence based, game theoretical based and statistical based. The analysis of each scheme in these categories is presented showing their advantages and drawbacks. By the end of each category, we state the general advantages and shortcomings of each category. The survey ends by recommending some important research opportunities in this field for future research.
A new approach for the nonlinearity test of ADCs/DACs and its application for BIST

This paper describes an algorithm to derive the nonlinearity performances of Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters (ADCs/DACs) from FFT results. The main advantages of the new approach over conventional ones are that the test stimuli are simpler and the influence of noise on test results decreases. This method is especially useful for the BIST of converters. Experiments have shown the feasibility of this approach.
Fast SVD With Random Hadamard Projection for Hyperspectral Dimensionality Reduction

While data-dependent dimensionality reduction has dominated in many applications of hyperspectral imagery, there is increasing interest in data-independent strategies - such as random projections - due to their promise for reduced computational complexity as well as their demonstrated ability to preserve application-important information. Such random-projection-based dimensionality reduction is investigated in the specific context of supervised hyperspectral classification. Both Hadamard- and Gaussian-based random projections are considered, applied alone as well as incorporated into a fast approximate singular value decomposition (SVD). Experimental results reveal that the proposed Hadamard-based random projection with the fast SVD (FSVD) offers a computationally attractive alternative to not only traditional SVD but also Gaussian-based FSVD for dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral classification.
The activity of the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the exercising hand decreases during repetitive handgrip exercise

The brain function controlling muscle force production is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) oxygenation during static-handgrip exercises performed with the right hand (60% maximal voluntary contraction; 10 s exercise/75 s rest; five sets). Twelve healthy, right-handed male subjects participated in this study. Near-infrared spectroscopy probes were positioned over the bilateral M1 to measure cortical oxygenation during handgrip exercises. The maximum values of the changes in concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) across the trials (i) did not change significantly during the contralateral M1 activation (p > 0.05), whereas (ii) in the case of the ipsilateral M1 activation a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HbO2 and a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in Hb could be measured. The activation in ipsilateral M1 at the fifth trial was significantly decreased compared with that in the first trial (HbO2: p < 0.001; Hb: p < 0.001). The present results suggest that the ipsilateral M1 is recruited during the motor task in compensation for the contralateral M1 and the habituation to motor task might alter the efficiency for interaction of the ipsilateral M1 to the contralateral M1. The interhemispheric interaction might change due to habituation to motor task.
Cyanobacterial Diversity in Natural and Artificial Microbial Mats of Lake Fryxell (McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica): a Morphological and Molecular Approach

ABSTRACT Currently, there is no consensus concerning the geographic distribution and extent of endemism in Antarctic cyanobacteria. In this paper we describe the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of cyanobacteria in a field microbial mat sample from Lake Fryxell and in an artificial cold-adapted sample cultured in a benthic gradient chamber (BGC) by using an inoculum from the same mat. Light microscopy and molecular tools, including 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and sequencing, were used. For the first time in the study of cyanobacterial diversity of environmental samples, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were retrieved and analyzed to complement the information obtained from the 16S rRNA gene. Microscopy allowed eight morphotypes to be identified, only one of which is likely to be an Antarctic endemic morphotype. Molecular analysis, however, revealed an entirely different pattern. A much higher number of phylotypes (15 phylotypes) was found, but no sequences from Nodularia and Hydrocoryne, as observed by microscopy, were retrieved. The 16S rRNA gene sequences determined in this study were distributed in 11 phylogenetic lineages, 3 of which were exclusively Antarctic and 2 of which were novel. Collectively, these Antarctic sequences together with all the other polar sequences were distributed in 22 lineages, 9 of which were exclusively Antarctic, including the 2 novel lineages observed in this study. The cultured BGC mat had lower diversity than the field mat. However, the two samples shared three morphotypes and three phylotypes. Moreover, the BGC mat allowed enrichment of one additional phylotype. ITS sequence analysis revealed a complex signal that was difficult to interpret. Finally, this study provided evidence of molecular diversity of cyanobacteria in Antarctica that is much greater than the diversity currently known based on traditional microscopic analysis. Furthermore, Antarctic endemic species were more abundant than was estimated on the basis of morphological features. Decisive arguments concerning the global geographic distribution of cyanobacteria should therefore incorporate data obtained with the molecular tools described here.
The well-being of playful adults: Adult playfulness, subjective well-being, physical well-being, and the pursuit of enjoyable activities

It was hypothesized that playfulness in adults relates positively to different indicators of subjective but also physical well-being. A sample of 255 adults completed subjective measures of playfulness along with self-ratings for different facets of well-being and the endorsement to enjoyable activities. Adult playfulness demonstrated robust positive relations with life satisfaction and an inclination to enjoyable activities and an active way of life. There were also minor positive relations with physical fitness. Leading an active way of life partially mediated the relation between playfulness and life satisfaction. The study provides further evidence on the contribution of adult playfulness to different aspects of well-being.
Early human enterovirus infections in healthy Swedish children participating in the PRODIA pilot study

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are common, especially in childhood and during the enterovirus season, causing mainly asymptomatic infections but also mild and severe illnesses. Numerous studies have shown the association between HEV infections and type 1 diabetes. Here, the prevalence of HEV infections was studied in healthy Swedish children with increased HLA‐associated risk for type 1 diabetes participating in the PRODIA pilot study in which children were randomized to receive probiotics or placebo during the first 6 months of life. Stool specimens collected from 197 children in every 3 months from the age of 3 to 24 months were screened for HEV using traditional viral culturing method and identified with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and sequencing of the partial VP1 coding part of the viral genome. Altogether 4.8% (52/1,094) of the specimens were HEV‐positive and 22.3% (44/197) of the children excreted HEV during the follow‐up. HEV‐A and HEV‐B were present in 2.1 and 2.7% of the specimens, respectively. HEV‐C and HEV‐D viruses were not detected. In total, 17 different HEV serotypes were detected and the most common findings were CV‐A9 (13.5%), CV‐A16 (11.5%), and CV‐A2 (9.6%). The majority of the infections (92.3%) were during the enterovirus season extending from July to December. Probiotic treatment did not affect significantly the risk of HEV infections during the 2‐year follow‐up although a trend for transient decrease for HEV positivity (HEV‐A and/or HEV‐B) by the age of 12 months was observed in children who received probiotics [OR 0.40; 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 1.08; P‐value 0.071, generalized estimating (GEE) analysis]. According to the results, HEV‐A findings were nearly as common as HEV‐B findings among the healthy children participating in this study. Also it was shown that serotypes belonging to HEV‐A species can be detected by means of viral culturing. J. Med. Virol. 84:923–930, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statins reduce neuronal α‐synuclein aggregation in in vitro models of Parkinson’s disease

Aggregation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease. The function of α‐syn remains unclear, although several lines of evidence suggest that α‐syn is involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking probably via lipid binding. Moreover, interactions with cholesterol and lipids have been shown to be involved in α‐syn aggregation. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine if statins – cholesterol synthesis inhibitors – might interfere with α‐syn accumulation in cellular models. For this purpose, we studied the effects of lovastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on the accumulation of α‐syn in a stably transfected neuronal cell line and in primary human neurons. Statins reduced the levels of α‐syn accumulation in the detergent insoluble fraction of the transfected cells. This was accompanied by a redistribution of α‐syn in caveolar fractions, a reduction in oxidized α‐syn, and enhanced neurite outgrowth. In contrast, supplementation of the media with cholesterol increased α‐syn aggregation in detergent insoluble fractions of transfected cells and was accompanied by reduced neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these results suggest that regulation of cholesterol levels with cholesterol inhibitors might be a novel approach for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
The Prognosis of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) : a Regression Approach

Summary Logistic regression can be used to investigate prognostic factors in the treatment of infertility by in vitro fertilization (IVF). It was observed that the probability of success is not constant over repeated attempts, but decreases according to a selection process. Another prognostic factor, the number of cells of the largest embryo, was also observed.
FAMA Framework

FAMA framework (FAMA FW) is a tool for the automated analysis of variability models (VM). Its main objective is providing an extensible framework where current research on VM automated analysis might be developed and easily integrated into a final product. FAMA FW is built following the SPL paradigm supporting different variability metamodels, reasoners or solvers, analysis questions and reasoner selectors, easing the production of customized VM analysis tools. FAMA FW is written in Java and distributed under LGPL License.
Blockade of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta by CDP860, a humanized, PEGylated di-Fab', leads to fluid accumulation and is associated with increased tumor vascularized volume.

PURPOSE CDP860 is an engineered Fab' fragment-polyethylene glycol conjugate, which binds to and blocks the activity of the beta-subunit of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR-beta). Studies in animals have suggested that PDGFR-beta inhibition reduces tumor interstitial fluid pressure, and thus increases the uptake of concomitantly administered drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in tumor vascular parameters could be detected in humans, and to assess whether CDP860 would be likely to increase the uptake of a concurrently administered small molecule in future studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced ovarian or colorectal cancer and good performance status received intravenous infusions of CDP860 on days 0 and 28. Patients had serial dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging studies to measure changes in tumor vascular parameters. RESULTS Three of eight patients developed significant ascites, and seven of eight showed evidence of fluid retention. In some patients, the ratio of vascular volume to total tumor volume increased significantly (P < .001) within 24 hours following CDP860 administration, an effect suggestive of recruitment of previously non-functioning vessels. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that inhibition of PDGFR-beta might improve delivery of a concurrently administered therapy. However, in cancer patients, further exploration of the dosing regimen of CDP860 is required to dissociate adverse effects from beneficial effects. The findings challenge the view that inhibition of PDGF alone is beneficial, and confirm that effects of PDGFR kinase inhibition mediate, to some extent, the fluid retention observed in patients treated with mixed tyrosine kinase inhibitors.