Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a trial deployment of password re-use for phishing prevention

We propose a scheme that exploits scale to prevent phishing. We show that while stopping phishers from obtaining passwords is very hard, detecting the fact that a password has been entered at an unfamiliar site is simple. Our solution involves a client that reports Password Re-Use (PRU) events at unfamiliar sites, and a server that accumulates these reports and detects an attack. We show that it is simple to then mitigate the damage by communicating the identities of phished accounts to the institution under attack. Thus, we make no attempt to prevent information leakage, but we try to detect and then rescue users from the consequences of bad trust decisions. The scheme requires deployment on a large scale to realize the major benefits: reliable low latency detection of attacks, and mitigation of compromised accounts. We harness scale against the attacker instead of trying to solve the problem at each client. In [13] we sketched the idea, but questions relating to false positives and the scale required for efficacy remained unanswered. We present results from a trial deployment of half a million clients. We explain the scheme in detail, analyze its performance, and examine a number of anticipated attacks.
Directed evolution of a secretory leader for the improved expression of heterologous proteins and full‐length antibodies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Because of its eukaryotic nature, simple fermentation requirements, and pliable genetics, there have been many attempts at improving recombinant protein production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These strategies typically involve altering the expression of a native protein thought to be involved in heterologous protein trafficking. Usually, these approaches yield three‐ to tenfold improvements over wild‐type strains and are almost always specific to one type of protein. In this study, a library of mutant alpha mating factor 1 leader peptides (MFα1pp) is screened for the enhanced secretion of a single‐chain antibody. One of the isolated mutants is shown to enhance the secretion of the scFv up to 16‐fold over wild type. These leaders also confer a secretory improvement to two other scFvs as well as two additional, structurally unrelated proteins. Moreover, the improved leader sequences, combined with strain engineering, allow for a 180‐fold improvement over previous reports in the secretion of full‐length, functional, glycosylated human IgG1. The production of full‐length IgG1 at milligram per liter titers in a simple, laboratory‐scale system will significantly expedite drug discovery and reagent synthesis while reducing antibody cloning, production, and characterization costs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1192–1201. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of the Cdc42 Pathway in CFTR Post-Translational Turnover and in Its Plasma Membrane Stability in Airway Epithelial Cells

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel that is expressed on the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. The most common deleterious allele encodes a trafficking-defective mutant protein undergoing endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and presenting lower PM stability. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the Cdc42 pathway in CFTR turnover and trafficking in a human bronchiolar epithelial cell line (CFBE41o-) expressing wild-type CFTR. Cdc42 is a small GTPase of the Rho family that fulfils numerous cell functions, one of which is endocytosis and recycling process via actin cytoskeleton remodelling. When we treated cells with chemical inhibitors such as ML141 against Cdc42 and wiskostatin against the downstream effector N-WASP, we observed that CFTR channel activity was inhibited, in correlation with a decrease in CFTR amount at the cell surface and an increase in dynamin-dependent CFTR endocytosis. Anchoring of CFTR to the cortical cytoskeleton was then presumably impaired by actin disorganization. When we performed siRNA-mediated depletion of Cdc42, actin polymerization was not impacted, but we observed actin-independent consequences upon CFTR. Total and PM CFTR amounts were increased, resulting in greater activation of CFTR. Pulse-chase experiments showed that while CFTR degradation was slowed, CFTR maturation through the Golgi apparatus remained unaffected. In addition, we observed increased stability of CFTR in PM and reduction of its endocytosis. This study highlights the involvement of the Cdc42 pathway at several levels of CFTR biogenesis and trafficking: (i) Cdc42 is implicated in the first steps of CFTR biosynthesis and processing; (ii) it contributes to the stability of CFTR in PM via its anchoring to cortical actin; (iii) it promotes CFTR endocytosis and presumably its sorting toward lysosomal degradation.
Comparing the emotional brain of humans and other animals

By some accounts, the human emotional brain seems to extend up from the amygdala, whereas the emotional brain of nonhuman animals seems to extend from the amygdala down. Affective neuroscience studies of humans have tended to focus on particular regions of the neocortex and adjacent structures (e.g., prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and amygdala in the temporal lobe). By comparison, affective neuroscience studies of nonhuman animals focus more often on subcortical brain structures (e.g., amygdala, nucleus accumbens and mesolimbic projections, hypothalamus, ventral pallidum, septum, brainstem). But the emotional brain is not really so different between humans and other animals. This chapter reviews the roles of various cortical and subcortical brain structures, and shows that each structure plays a similar role in humans and animals. Instead, the apparent difference in emotional substrates is due largely to differences in the goals and procedures of studies of humans and animals. Human affective neuroscience studies have emphasized cortex because they study highlevel emotional cognition (rather than more basic emotional reaction), because they study correlational relations (rather than causal relations between brain activity and emotion), and because their techniques are better suited for detecting cortical than
Benchmarking in Manipulation Research

I n this article, we present the Yale–Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)–Berkeley (YCB) object and model set, intended to be used to facilitate benchmarking in robotic manipulation research. The objects in the set are designed to cover a wide range of aspects of the manipulation problem. The set includes objects of daily life with different shapes, sizes, textures, weights, and rigidities as well as some widely used manipulation tests. The associated database provides high-resolution red, green, blue, plus depth (RGB-D) scans, physical properties, and geometric models of the objects for easy incorporation into manipulation and planning software platforms. In addition to describing the objects and models in the set along with how they were chosen and derived, we provide a framework and a number of example task protocols, laying out how the set can be used to quantitatively evaluate a range of manipulation approaches, including planning, learning , mechanical design, control, and many others. A comprehensive literature survey on the existing benchmarks and object data sets is also presented, and their scope and limitations are discussed. The YCB set will be freely distributed to research groups worldwide at a series of tutorials at robotics conferences. Subsequent sets will be, otherwise, available to purchase at a reasonable cost. It is our hope that the ready
Validation of the Trichotomous Framework of Achievement Goals for

While the trichotomous framework of achievement goal theory has received considerable discussion in Asian and North American cultures, it is not clear whether this framework can also be applied in Arabic cultures. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the trichotomous framework of achievement goals as measured by Midgley et al.’s (2000) scales on Omani students. Ninth grade students (N = 1,636) enrolled in science classes at Muscat public schools in Oman completed the scales. The sample was randomly divided into two subsamples. The first sample (n = 786) was used for exploratory factor analysis whereas the second sample (n = 850) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Results of both analyses supported the three-factor structure of the trichotomous framework of achievement goal theory: (a) mastery, (b) performance-approach, and (c) performance-avoidance goals; all correlated positively with each other (rs ranged from .32 to .45). Construct validity of the scales was supported by their relationships with academic self-efficacy in ways that
Decreased G-Protein-Mediated Regulation and Shift in Calcium Channel Types with Age in Hippocampal Cultures

The membrane density of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (L-VSCCs) of rat hippocampal neurons increases over age [days in vitro (DIV)] in long-term primary cultures, apparently contributing both to spontaneous cell death and to enhanced excitotoxic vulnerability. Similar increases in L-VSCCs occur during brain aging in vivo in rat and rabbit hippocampal neurons. However, unraveling both the molecular basis and the functional implications of these age changes in VSCC density will require determining whether the other types of high-threshold VSCCs (e.g., N, P/Q, and R) also exhibit altered density and/or changes in regulation, for example, by the important G-protein-coupled, membrane-delimited inhibitory pathway. These possibilities were tested here in long-term hippocampal cultures. Pharmacologically defined whole-cell currents were corrected for cell size differences over age by normalization with whole-cell capacitance. The Ca2+ channel current density (picoamperes per picofarad), mediated by each Ca2+ channel type studied here (L, N, and a combined P/Q + R component), increased through 7 DIV. Thereafter, however, only L-type current density continued to increase, at least through 21 DIV. Concurrently, pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled inhibition of non-L-type Ca2+ channel current induced by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen or by guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate declined dramatically with age in culture. Thus, the present studies identify selective and novel parallel mechanisms for the time-dependent alteration of Ca2+ influx, which could importantly influence function and vulnerability during development and/or aging.
Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology Is Usage Predictable Using Belief-attitude- Intention Paradigm?

While much of the prior information system (IS) research has employed technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain user's technology acceptance behavior , most of them use self-reported use intention to develop their investigation. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the validity of behavioral intention's prediction on actual system usage under a voluntary context. By integrating constructs of the two closely related theoretical paradigm (TAM and TPB), we propose an integrated model to investigate the relationship. In doing so, we used questionnaire to gather the system usage perceptions of students who took an online management information system (MIS) course at a large Canadian university. At the same time, we also set up the e-learning system to record students' actual usage. Using partial least square (PLS) approach, data collected from 105 students are tested against the model showing a very good fit with 60% explanation of the behavioral intention. The relationship between the intention and actual system use however was found to be insignificant and weak. Our study questions the validity of using self-reported intention to represent system usage and provides insight into future research directions on technology acceptance behavior.
Inhibition of BRD4 attenuates tumor cell self-renewal and suppresses stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is a pediatric brain tumor with a variable prognosis due to clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Among the 4 major genomic sub-groups, patients with MYC amplified tumors have a particularly poor prognosis despite therapy with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Targeting the MYC oncogene has traditionally been problematic. Here we report that MYC driven medulloblastoma can be targeted by inhibition of the bromodomain protein BRD4. We show that bromodomain inhibition with JQ1 restricts c-MYC driven transcriptional programs in medulloblastoma, suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth and induces a cell cycle arrest. Importantly JQ1 suppresses stem cell associated signaling in medulloblastoma cells and inhibits medulloblastoma tumor cell self-renewal. Additionally JQ1 also promotes senescence in medulloblastoma cells by activating cell cycle kinase inhibitors and inhibiting activity of E2F1. Furthermore BRD4 inhibition displayed an anti-proliferative, pro-senescence effect in a medulloblastoma model in vivo. In clinical samples we found that transcriptional programs suppressed by JQ1 are associated with adverse risk in medulloblastoma patients. Our work indicates that BRD4 inhibition attenuates stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma and demonstrates the feasibility BET domain inhibition as a therapeutic approach in vivo.
A Virtual Reality Therapy Application for OEF/OIF Combat-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale, technical specifications, application features and user-centered design process for the development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application. The VR treatment environment is being created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far we have created a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant contexts for exposure therapy to be conducted in VR, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system in Iraq tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center. Other sites are preparing to use the application for a variety of PTSD and VR research purposes.
Differences between patient and family assessments of depression in Alzheimer's disease

A structured interview covering the DSM-III criteria f or major depression was adapted for separate use with Alzheimer’s disease patients and with their families. Data from 36 patients yielded a depression rate of 13.9%, whereas information from their families mdicated that the rate was 50.0%. This disagreement refi ected greater family endorsement of patients’ loss of interest or pleasure, irritability, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness. Use ofDSM-III-R criteria narrowed but did not eliminate the discrepancy between patients’ and families’ assessments of the patients’ depression. Uniform procedures for gathering and integrating data from the family that are relevant to diagnosis in this group are indicated. (Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:1174-1178)
Optical MEMS image enhancement with sparse signal representation

This paper describes a complete low-complexity imaging system based on a single MEMS scanning mirror and a single photodetector, together with customized image enhancement algorithms based on sparse signal representation. Due to very low complexity of our developped optical set-up for image acquisition, resulting images suffer visible artifacts. We propose an iterative denoising-deblurring algorithm for image enhancement, which offers significant improvement over wavelet denoising with soft-thresholding. Several image enhancement algorithms are compared using the blind image quality indices (BIQI) as well as visual experience.
Simultaneous Activation of the δ Opioid Receptor (δOR)/Sensory Neuron-Specific Receptor-4 (SNSR-4) Hetero-Oligomer by the Mixed Bivalent Agonist Bovine Adrenal Medulla Peptide 22 Activates SNSR-4 but Inhibits δOR Signaling

Hetero-oligomerization among G protein-coupled receptors has been proposed to contribute to signal integration. Because sensory neuron-specific receptors (SNSRs) and the opioid receptors (OR) share a common ligand, the bovine adrenal medulla peptide (BAM) 22, and have opposite effects on pain modulation, we investigated the possible consequences of δOR/SNSR-4 hetero-oligomerization on the signaling properties of both receptor subtypes. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer revealed that the human δOR has similar propensity to homo-oligomerize and to form hetero-oligomers with human SNSR-4 when coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The hetero-oligomerization leads to a receptor form displaying unique functional properties. Individual activation of either δOR or SNSR-4 in cells coexpressing the two receptors led to the modulation of their respective signaling pathways; inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and activation of phospholipase C, respectively. In contrast, the δOR/SNSR-4 bivalent agonist BAM22, which could activate each receptor expressed individually, fully activated the SNSR-4-dependent phospholipase C but did not promote δOR-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in δOR/SNSR-4-coexpressing cells. Likewise, concomitant activation of the δOR/SNSR-4 hetero-oligomer by selective δOR and SNSR-4 agonists promoted SNSR-4 but not δOR signaling, revealing an agonist-dependent dominant-negative effect of SNSR-4 on δOR signaling. Furthermore, the δOR selective antagonist naltrexone trans-inhibited the SNSR-4-promoted phospholipase C activation mediated by BAM22 but not by the SNSR-4-selective agonists, suggesting a bivalent binding mode of BAM22 to the δOR/SNSR-4 hetero-oligomer. The observation that BAM22 inhibited the Leu-enkephalin-promoted cAMP inhibition in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons supports the potential physiological implication of such regulatory mechanism.
Estimating the Value of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaisance in Manoeuvre Warfare

As such, the ADF has much interest in the problem of balancing knowledge and firepower. In the battlespace, knowledge is mainly provided by Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems, and firepower is provided by Weapons systems. Therefore, the ADF needs the ability to select ISR and Weapons that achieve a desired level of effectiveness at the lowest cost or are the most effective systems for a fixed cost.
The role of justice and social exchange relationships in workplace deviance: Test of a mediated model

Using data collected on two occasions spaced apart by three months (N = 602), we examined the relationships between a) distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice (measured at Time 1) and b) perceived organizational support (POS), leader—member exchange (LMX), and organization- and supervisor-directed deviance (measured at Time 2). We found that POS fully mediated the relationship of procedural justice but not distributive justice to organization-directed deviance. In addition, LMX fully mediated the relationships of informational justice and interpersonal justice to both supervisor-directed deviance and organization-directed deviance. The implications of these findings for the study of justice and social exchange relationships as predictors of workplace deviance are discussed.
Improved Adversarial Systems for 3D Object Generation and Reconstruction

This paper describes a new approach for training generative adversarial networks (GAN) to understand the detailed 3D shape of objects. While GANs have been used in this domain previously, they are notoriously hard to train, especially for the complex joint data distribution over 3D objects of many categories and orientations. Our method extends previous work by employing the Wasserstein distance normalized with gradient penalization as a training objective. This enables improved generation from the joint object shape distribution. Our system can also reconstruct 3D shape from 2D images and perform shape completion from occluded 2.5D range scans. We achieve notable quantitative improvements in comparison to existing baselines
Translating Tests: Some Practical Guidelines

With the increasing interest in cross-cultural research, there isagrozving need for standard and validated practices for translating psychological instruments. Developing a psychologically acceptable instrument for an- other cultural group almost always requires more effort than a literal translation, which all too often is the common practice. The adequacy of translations can be threatened by various sources of bias. Three types of
the vicissitudes of the closed corporate peasant community

It is periodically incumbent on a discipline to review the ideas that it has found useful in the past, and to reconsider if they will serve its purposes in the future. In this spirit I want to reex-amine some efforts at anthropological generalizations now more than a quarter of a century old. I refer here to two articles (Wolf 1955, 1957)-one on types of Latin American peasantry written for a special issue of the American Anthropologist on Latin America, the other on closed corporate communities in Mesoamerica and Java. I want to locate these papers against the backdrop of past and present research. It also gives me a chance to clarify some misunderstand-ings generated by these papers, and to indicate-as far as an author is able to do this for his own work-some of their most patent shortcomings. These papers were written to answer three interrelated concerns: (1) to understand the or-ganizational framework of communities as outcomes and determinants of historical processes; (2) to visualize these processes as intimately connected with changes in the wider economic and political field; and (3) to understand cultural structures as growing out of these involve-ments over time rather than in terms of culture content. The central purpose of Andean and Mesoamerican anthropology at the time these papers were written was still to understand “In-dian” life in terms of cultural heritage, and change in terms of the differential acceptance or rejection of cultural forms in the course of acculturation. The formulation of the closed corporate community, in contrast, responded in part to Meyer Fortes’ formulation of the structure of unilineal descent groups (19531, and in part to Julian Steward’s attempt to establish what he called cultural “types” (1949). Fortes’ use of the concept of corporation seemed to me appli-cable in that the Spanish Conquest imposed legal and political institutions on the conquered Amerind population that insisted on administrative, social, and liturgical-religious incorpora-tion. James Dow (1973) has written that Fortes and I confused the legal and the sociostructural meanings of corporateness, but it seems to me that this is