Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Institutions Learn: A Socio-Cognitive Perspective

The evolutionary economics of institutionalists rests on theories of human choice that are in clear opposition to those of neoclassicalists. Institutionalists reject the neoclassical assumption that the economic person's character is that of a fully informed, atomized, rational, and maximizing individual. Instead, they base their reasoning on a variety of theories of human choice. The purpose of this article is to suggest ways in which modem psychology can contribute to an understanding of institutions and institutional change.
A Model for Estimating Time Varying Sector Betas: A State Space Approach

Stock betas is estimated allowing for variability over time. A discussion and introduction to the Kalman flter state space approach is given, and the mathematical tools derived. A well established method using the state space approach to estimate stock betas is presented. The less known moving mean mean reverting model is formulated for single stock betas. An extended version of this model is derived, which allow for sector beta estimation based on multiple stock returns. Simulation methods are used to clarify the influence of the assumptions made for the models under consideration. Finally empirical results of the models are presented, using stock returns of three Danish banks. The empirical work suggest that the model suffers from high complexity and thereby computational problems. A simpler approach is taken, which gives results very similar to the complex model. Though the results are similar in this particular empirical applications, the complex model has potential for further development and adjustments.
The adaptive significance of host location by vibrational sounding in parasitoid wasps

Vibrational sounding, which is a form of echolocation, is a means of host location by some parasitoid wasps. The wasp taps the substrate (wood, stem or soil) and detects the position of a potential host through the returning ‘echoes’. The deployment of vibrational sounding is inferred through the form of the subgenual organ in the female tibia in combination with the presence of modifications to the female antenna used for tapping the substrate. Vibrational sounding and its associated modifications were found in two families. The use of vibrational sounding by parasitoid wasps was positively correlated with the depth of the host in the substrate relative to the size of the parasitoid. There were also significant correlations between the use of vibrational sounding and parasitism of immobile and concealed hosts and between vibrational sounding and idiobiosis. The data suggested that vibrational sounding evolved under a variety of ecological conditions, being employed in the location of wood–boring, stem–boring, soildwelling and cocooned hosts and stem–nesting aculeates, often in situations in which the host does not produce vibrations itself.
The Ketogenic Diet: Additional Information From a Crossover Study

The purpose of this blinded, crossover study of the ketogenic diet in children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome was to confirm, by the addition of 60 g of glucose per day to negate the ketosis, that the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet was neither the result of a placebo effect nor due to parental expectations and commitment. We found that the additional glucose did not significantly alter the frequency of electroencephalography-assessed events, but did decrease the frequency of parent-reported ``drop'' seizures (P = .07). Fasting had substantial effects on both seizures and electroencephalography-assessed events. The diet remained effective in decreasing seizures of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome at 12 days, 6 months, and 12 months. In conclusion, the ketogenic diet is effective in decreasing the drop seizures of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
The effects of rosuvastatin alone or in combination with fenofibrate or omega 3 fatty acids on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with mixed dyslipidemia

Objective: Mixed dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation are related to a high risk for cardiovascular events. The aim of this open-label randomized study was to compare the effects of high-dose rosuvastatin, low-dose rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate and low-dose rosuvastatin plus omega 3 fatty acids on inflammation and oxidative stress indices in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Methods: Ninety patients with mixed dyslipidemia participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to receive rosuvastatin 40 mg (n = 30, group R), rosuvastatin 10 mg plus fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 30, group RF) or rosuvastatin 10 mg plus omega 3 fatty acids 2 g daily (n = 30, group RΩ). Plasma and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) activities, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), plasma isoprostane and paraoxonase (PON1) activities were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results: Serum concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly reduced in all study groups. However, these changes were more pronounced in the rosuvastatin monotherapy group. In all treatment groups a significant reduction in total plasma LpPLA2 activity was observed (by 41, 38 and 30% for groups R, RF and RΩ, respectively). This decrease was greater in the R and RF groups compared with the RΩ combination (p < 0.05). HDL-LpPLA2 activity was increased more in the RF group (+43%) compared with the R and RΩ groups (+ 18% and + 35%, respectively; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). In all treatment groups there was a nonsignificant reduction in plasma 8-iso-PGF2α levels. A 53% reduction of hsCRP levels was observed in the R group, while in the RF and RΩ groups the reduction was 28 and 23%, respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 for the comparisons of group R with groups RF and RΩ, respectively). No significant changes were observed in PON activities in all treatment groups. Conclusion: The greater non-HDL-C- and LDL-C-lowering efficiency of rosuvastatin monotherapy along with its more potent effect on LpPLA2 activity and hsCRP levels indicate that this regimen is a better treatment option for patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
Clarifying some misconceptions on the ASPIC+ framework

The ASPIC+ framework is a general framework for argumentationbased inference which aims to unifies two research strands: those in which arguments can only be attacked on their defeasible inferences and those in which arguments can only be attacked on their premises. The framework is meant to define a wide class of instantiations of abstract argumentation frameworks and to support the investigation of rationality postulates for argumentation-based inference. Recently, it has been argued that the ASPIC+ framework suffers from several weaknesses. In this paper these criticisms are argued to be based on a number of misconceptions on the nature of the ASPIC+ framework.
The dynamics of Asian manufacturing. A comparative perspective, 1963-1993

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
An Evaluation of Low Back-pain–related Content in Canadian Newspaper Media

Study Design Review of newspaper articles. Objective To assess the content of newspaper articles in 2 provinces in Canada to determine if rest or avoidance of activity is being recommended for back pain. Summary of Background Data Inaccurate back pain beliefs in the general public may arise due to messages in the mass media. One persisting belief in Canada is that rest or activity avoidance is needed until back pain resolves. Methods We searched newspapers in 2 Canadian provinces via an electronic database for articles discussing back pain. Two trained raters used an article review template to indicate whether the article's main recommendation was to stay active, rest, was neutral (indicating a balance between rest and activity), or did not provide advice on level of activity during an episode of back pain. Results One hundred 29 articles were identified. The primary advice provided related to level of activity during an episode of back pain was stay active in 24% of articles, whereas no articles primarily recommended rest or avoidance of activity. Sixteen percent of articles were rated as neutral, indicating the authors suggested a balance between rest and activity. Conclusions Back-pain–related newspaper articles do not carry messages that advocate rest or avoidance of activity, but rather highlight the importance of staying active during an episode or participating in exercise.
Input-output functions of the nonlinear-distortion component of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in normal and hearing-impaired human earsa)

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) arise in the cochlea in response to two tones with frequencies f1 and f2 and mainly consist of two components, a nonlinear-distortion and a coherent-reflection component. Wave interference between these components limits the accuracy of DPOAEs when evaluating the function of the cochlea with conventional continuous stimulus tones. Here, DPOAE components are separated in the time domain from DPOAE signals elicited with short stimulus pulses. The extracted nonlinear-distortion components are used to derive estimated distortion-product thresholds (EDPTs) from semi-logarithmic input-output (I/O) functions for 20 normal-hearing and 21 hearing-impaired subjects. I/O functions were measured with frequency-specific stimulus levels at eight frequencies f2 = 1,…, 8 kHz (f2/f1 = 1.2). For comparison, DPOAEs were also elicited with continuous primary tones. Both acquisition paradigms yielded EDPTs, which significantly correlated with behavioral thresholds (p < 0.001) and enabled derivation of estimated hearing thresholds (EHTs) from EDPTs using a linear regression relationship. DPOAE-component separation in the time domain significantly reduced the standard deviation of EHTs compared to that derived from continuous DPOAEs (p < 0.01). In conclusion, using frequency-specific stimulus levels and DPOAE-component separation increases the reliability of DPOAE I/O functions for assessing cochlear function and estimating behavioral thresholds.
Institution arrangement and technology innovation:a study based on negative binomial model

Institution is an important factor that influences technology innovation,under a set of good and efficient institution arrangements,the passions of innovation can be greatly inspired;the resource of technical can be largely optimized and the efficiency of technology innovation can be enormously enhanced.Based on negative binominal model,this paper studies the relationship between eight economic or legal institution and technology innovation for a cross-section of countries for the period 1975-2006.Results show that intellectual property rights(IPRs),degree of marketization,integrity of the legal system and degree of private property protection have obviously positive effects on technology innovation respectively,and IPRs has an inverted U-shaped relationship with technology innovation activity.Also,the paper finds that these institutional factors affect technology innovation indirectly by stimulating the accumulation of RD input.
Predictive Harmonic Control and Its Optimal Digital Implementation for MMC-Based Active Power Filter

An optimal active power filter (APF) based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) without load current and lower arm current sensors is proposed. Its control algorithm mainly includes predictive harmonic current control, fundamental frequency control, and dc voltage control. Comparing to direct current control, the first two subcontrollers transfer the harmonic and fundamental active/reactive power current to voltage references, which are suitable to generate the modulation signals to MMCs as well as two-level converters. Their full digital optimization structures combined with the MMC voltage and current control are detail discussed and implemented on field programmable gate array. The synthesis result indicates a low hardware resource utilization and calculation delay of the designed controller. The experimental results on an MMC-based APF prototype verified the static and dynamic performances of the proposed algorithm.
Mammalian Sly1 Regulates Syntaxin 5 Function in Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Transport*

Members of the syntaxin gene family are components of protein complexes which regulate vesicle docking and/or fusion during transport of cargo through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. We have previously demonstrated that syntaxin 5 is specifically required for endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport (Dascher, C., Matteson, J., and Balch, W. E. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29363-29366). To extend these observations we have now cloned a protein from rat liver membranes which forms a native complex with syntaxin 5. We demonstrate that this protein is the mammalian homologue to yeast Sly1p, previously identified as a protein which genetically and biochemically interacts with the small GTPase Ypt1p and Sed5p, proteins involved in docking/fusion in the early secretory pathway of yeast. Using transient expression we find that overexpression of rat liver Sly1 (rSly1) can neutralize the dominant negative effects of excess syntaxin 5 on endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. These results suggest that rSly1 functions to positively regulate syntaxin 5 function.
Molecular Cloning of Platelet Factor XI, an Alternative Splicing Product of the Plasma Factor XI Gene*

Platelet factor XI is associated with the platelet plasma membrane and has an apparent M r(220,000 nonreduced, 55,000 reduced) different from that of plasma factor XI. However, the site of synthesis and the nature of platelet factor XI are not known. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, 12 out of 13 exons (all except exon V) coding for mature plasma factor XI were amplified from human platelet mRNA. The sequence of each of these exons was identical to that of plasma factor XI. In situ amplification and hybridization of factor XI mRNA was positive for exon III and negative for exon V in platelets and negative for both exons in other blood cells. By Northern hybridization, a factor XI mRNA transcript of ∼1.9 kilobases was detected in megakaryocytic cells, and one of ∼2.1 kilobases was detected in liver cells. Factor XI cDNA was cloned from a megakaryocyte library and sequenced. Exon V was absent, and the splicing of exon IV to exon VI maintained the open reading frame without alteration of the amino acid sequence except for the deletion of amino acids Ala91–Arg144 within the amino-terminal portion of the Apple 2 domain. Thus, platelet factor XI is an alternative splicing product of the factor XI gene, localized to platelets and megakaryocytes but absent from other blood cells.
Precise Monitoring of Global Temperature Trends from Satellites

Passive microwave radiometry from satellites provides more precise atmospheric temperature information than that obtained from the relatively sparse distribution of thermometers over the earth's surface. Accurate global atmospheric temperature estimates are needed for detection of possible greenhouse warming, evaluation of computer models of climate change, and for understanding important factors in the climate system. Analysis of the first 10 years (1979 to 1988) of satellite measurements of lower atmospheric temperature changes reveals a monthly precision of 0.01�C, large temperature variability on time scales from weeks to several years, but no obvious trend for the 10-year period. The warmest years, in descending order, were 1987, 1988, 1983, and 1980. The years 1984, 1985, and 1986 were the coolest.
Weakly-Supervised Phrase Assignment from Text in a Speech-Synthesis System Using Noisy Labels

The proper segmentation of an input text string into meaningful intonational phrase units is a fundamental task in the textprocessing component of a text-to-speech (TTS) system that generates intelligible and natural synthesis. In this work we look at the creation of a symbolic, phrase-assignment model within the front end (FE) of a North American English TTS system when high-quality labels for supervised learning are unavailable and/or potentially mismatched to the target corpus and domain. We explore a labeling scheme that merges heuristics derived from (i) automatic high-quality phonetic alignments, (ii) linguistic rules, and (iii) a legacy acoustic phrase-labeling system to arrive at a ground truth that can be used to train a bidirectional recurrent neural network model. We evaluate the performance of this model in terms of objective metrics describing categorical phrase assignment within the FE proper, as well as on the effect that these intermediate labels carry onto the TTS back end for the task of continuous prosody prediction (i.e., intonation and duration contours, and pausing). For this second task, we rely on subjective listening tests and demonstrate that the proposed system significantly outperforms a linguistic rulesbased baseline for two different synthetic voices.
Welfare or Workfare?: The Principle of Activation in the Finnish Post-War Disability Policy, Early 1940s to Late 1980s

Abstract:This article analyzes the post–Second World War Finnish discussion on disability pension and vocational rehabilitation policies. It argues that the principle of activation, which has been linked to the recent neoliberal workfare turn in social policy, has in fact remained as one of the guiding principles of disability policy during the entire post-war period. During the 1940s, the Finnish disability policy was established on the principles of compensation and activation, as the disability pension scheme was limited to those who had participated in working life and vocational rehabilitation to those who were evaluated to have the potential to do so in the future. At the turn of the 1960s, the compensation principle was overtaken by the principle of need as the newly adopted goal of constructing the Finnish welfare state materialized in the demands for a universal pension policy and extending vocational rehabilitation to those who had previously been labeled as unprofitable targets. However, the traditional disability policies began to receive criticism during the 1980s as the conception of disability changed from being viewed as an individual defect raising a need for segregated services and environments to a minority status entitling a person to supportive measures enabling him or her to participate in the normal society. This also problematized the traditional divide between the need-based and work-based systems of distribution by raising the question on disability pensioners’ entitlement to participate in the labor market.
Evaluation model of manufacturing technological learning and product innovation performance

Technological learning is the most effective way for China manufacturing enterprises to learn advanced technology at home and abroad. Meanwhile, it is the best way to achieve more autonomic technological innovation and enhance the development competitiveness and sustainability. Product innovation performance can be positively affected by the knowledge source of technological learning, the content of technological learning, the subject of technological learning, the environment of technology learning, the technical capability, which are analyzed for the impact factors and the degree on the operable level, and the evaluation model of manufacturing technological learning and product innovation performance are established. In this text, the comprehensive evaluation ideas of structural equation model testing and osculating value method are put forward, and operable suggestion on improving product innovation are offered.
Effect of estradiol and progesterone on thyroid gland in pigs: A histochemical, stereological, and ultrastructural study

The cellular and subcellular organization of thyroid follicular cells in peripubertal (6‐month‐old) male pigs treated with estradiol‐dipropionate (Oe) plus progesterone (Pr) in combination on the first postnatal day was studied. A stereological method was used for morphometric determinations of the relative volume densities of the follicular epithelium, colloid and interstitium, and for establishing the epithelial height and index of activation rate. Statisticaly significant differences of the examined parameters between the control and Oe+Pr‐treated groups were determined by Student's t‐test. The subcellular organization of thyroid follicular cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When compared with the control group, in the Oe+Pr‐treated pigs, thyroid follicles possessed a noticeably higher follicular epithelium when compared with the control animals. The observed changes were quantified and comparison between the experimental groups showed that the height, volume density of follicular epithelium, and index of activation rate were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas the relative volume density of the colloid was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. At the subcellular level the thyroid follicular cells of Oe+Pr‐treated pigs were characterized by increased number of polysomes and dense bodies and extensive endoplasmatic reticulum. It was concluded that a single neonatal treatment with female gonadal steroids exerted a prolonged effect on the pig's thyroid, characterized by increased biosynthesis and reabsorption of the colloid by the follicular cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advantages of Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in the Assessment of Right Ventricular Volumes and Function in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Compared with Conventional Two‐Dimensional Echocardiography

In recent years, right ventricular (RV) function has acquired greater relevance as a clinical and prognostic marker in many physiopathological conditions. The study aims to point out the value of real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the evaluation of patients affected by pulmonary hypertension (PH), compared with conventional two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography.
Statistical analysis of resistive switching characteristics in ReRAM test arrays

The design and the manufacturing of ReRAM test structures allow deeper insight in the performance of the FORMING, RESET, and SET operations at array level, providing details on the process induced variability of the technology, and on the potential sources of failures. Test structures allow also demonstrating the integration capability of the ReRAM technology using a CMOS-compatible process ramping up such non-volatile memory to a maturity level.
Who will sell your rooms? Hotel distribution scenarios

Travel and hospitality were among the commercial sectors profoundly changed by the massive use of the Internet since the 1990s. Whilst initially predictions were that the platform would lead to disintermediation, after the first decade, a new type of intermediary appeared that represented a new value proposition to end users and substantially reduced the marketing power of hotel companies. We will analyse this evolution as a ‘two-sided market’ phenomenon. The understanding of how the Internet environment affects business models will then be used to elaborate plausible scenarios for the future of hotel distribution following the Framework Foresight method. The article proposes a baseline scenario with the Internet evolving in its current form and an alternative scenario in which an oligopolistic market emerges.