Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkage and association between inflammatory bowel disease and a locus on chromosome 12.

Genetic epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). A genome screen in the United Kingdom found linkage of IBD to a 41-cM region of chromosome 12, surrounding D12S83. We aimed to replicate this linkage and to narrow the region of interest. Nonparametric linkage analyses at microsatellites surrounding D12S83 were performed in 122 North American Caucasian families containing 208 genotyped IBD-affected relative pairs. Transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDTs) were also performed. We confirmed that IBD is linked to chromosome 12 (peak GENEHUNTER-PLUS LOD* score 2.76 [P = .00016] between D12S1724 and D12S90). The evidence for linkage is contributed by both the group of CD-affected relative pairs (peak GENEHUNTER-PLUS LOD* score 1.79 [P = .0021] between D12S1724 and D12S90) and the group of UC-affected relative pairs (peak GENEHUNTER-PLUS LOD* score 1.82 [P = .0019] at D12S335). The TDT is positive at the D12S83 locus (global chi2 = 16.41, 6 df, P = .012). In conclusion, we have independently confirmed linkage of IBD to the chromosome 12 region that we investigated. A positive TDT at D12S83 suggests that we have greatly narrowed the chromosome 12 region that contains an IBD locus.
The destiny of curriculum theory in the light of postmodern philosophy: a case study on Foucauldian doctorins

Michel Foucault, arguing from a different standpoint, developed a relativist view of knowledge in which power and knowledge are inextricably related. Modernist curriculum thinkers argued that knowledge needs to have its roots in the disciplines and that pedagogic knowledge at its best reflects the optimum translation of this knowledge into the curriculum. For Foucault, this transcendental move to provide a foundationalist view of the curriculum is misguided in that it is not possible to have any certainty about the correctness or otherwise of how the curriculum should be constructed. Foucault understood the disciplines as discursive formations, as having no foundational status, and as being embedded in history.
Restoration of full-length adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein in a colon cancer cell line enhances cell adhesion

The APC tumour suppressor gene is mutated in most colon cancers. A major role of APC is the downregulation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) signalling pathway; however, there are also suggestions that it plays a role in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and in cell adhesion and migration. For the first time, we have achieved stable expression of wild-type APC in SW480 colon cancer cells, which normally express a truncated form of APC. The ectopically expressed APC is functional, and results in the translocation of β-catenin from the nucleus and cytoplasm to the cell periphery, and reduces β-catenin/Tcf/LEF transcriptional signalling. E-cadherin is also translocated to the cell membrane, where it forms functional adherens junctions. Total cellular levels of E-cadherin are increased in the SW480APC cells and the altered charge distribution in the presence of full-length APC suggests that APC is involved in post-translational regulation of E-cadherin localization. Changes in the location of adherens junction proteins are associated with tighter cell-cell adhesion in SW480APC cells, with consequent changes in cell morphology, the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration in a wound assay. SW480APC cells have a reduced proliferation rate, a reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and do not grow tumours in a xenograft mouse tumour model. By regulating the intracellular transport of junctional proteins, we propose that APC plays a role in cell adhesion in addition to its known role in β-catenin transcriptional signalling.
Essays on Economics and Economists

How do economists decide what questions to address and how to choose their theories? How do they tackle the problems of the economic system and give advice on public policy? With these broad questions, Nobel laureate R. H. Coase, widely recognized for his seminal work on transaction costs, reflects on some of the most fundamental concerns of economists over the past two centuries. In fifteen essays, Coase evaluates the contributions of a number of outstanding figures, including Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Arnold Plant, Duncan Black, and George Stigler, as well as economists at the London School of Economics in the 1930s. Ronald H. Coase was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Science in 1991.
ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA CAPOEIRA COMO CONTEÚDO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO

Capoeira was born in the senzalas (plantation slave quarters) and was created as a dominated class' fight against the existing slavery system. The capoeira suffered persecution and, at ideological resistance level, troubled the dominant culture codes for many years. Nowadays it is studied by different social segments through the world, being a reality its practice in elementary school, high school and college. However, it isn't deeply studied or grounded in its technical and cultural structure yet for school use. This study aims to structure capoeira as a content for physical education at elementary and high school. The initial part of this work tries to introduce and justify the capoeira as a content to be used in school. The second part introduces some capoeira's aspects that must be observed in physical education, which is allowed by the authors proposed structuring. Finally, there is a scheme of a capoeira class for the first year of elementary school, based on an open proposal, intending to discuss pedagogical action.
Kernels for small molecules and the prediction of mutagenicity, toxicity and anti-cancer activity

MOTIVATION Small molecules play a fundamental role in organic chemistry and biology. They can be used to probe biological systems and to discover new drugs and other useful compounds. As increasing numbers of large datasets of small molecules become available, it is necessary to develop computational methods that can deal with molecules of variable size and structure and predict their physical, chemical and biological properties. RESULTS Here we develop several new classes of kernels for small molecules using their 1D, 2D and 3D representations. In 1D, we consider string kernels based on SMILES strings. In 2D, we introduce several similarity kernels based on conventional or generalized fingerprints. Generalized fingerprints are derived by counting in different ways subpaths contained in the graph of bonds, using depth-first searches. In 3D, we consider similarity measures between histograms of pairwise distances between atom classes. These kernels can be computed efficiently and are applied to problems of classification and prediction of mutagenicity, toxicity and anti-cancer activity on three publicly available datasets. The results derived using cross-validation methods are state-of-the-art. Tradeoffs between various kernels are briefly discussed. AVAILABILITY Datasets available from http://www.igb. uci.edu/servers/servers.html
Multi-Hop Extensions of Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Time Synchronization

We present the multi-hop extensions of the recently proposed energy-efficient time synchronization scheme for wireless sensor networks, which is based on the asynchronous source clock frequency recovery and reversed two-way message exchanges. We consider two hierarchical extensions based on packet relaying and time-translating gateways, respectively, and analyze their performance with respect to the number of layers and the delay variations through simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the time synchronization performance of the packet relaying, which has lower complexity, is close to that of time-translating gateways.
On exact specification by examples

Some recent work [7, 14, 15] in computational learning theory has discussed learning in situations where the teacher is helpful, and can choose to present carefully chosen sequences of labelled examples to the learner. We say a function <italic>t</italic> in a set <italic>H</italic> of functions (a hypothesis space) defined on a set <italic>X</italic> is <italic>specified</italic> by <italic>S</italic>***<italic>X</italic> if the only function in <italic>H</italic> which agrees with <italic>t</italic> on <italic>S</italic> is <italic>t</italic> itself. The <italic>specification number &sgr;(t)</italic> of <italic>t</italic> is the least cardinality of such an <italic>S</italic>. For a general hypothesis space, we show that the specification number of any hypotheis is at least equal to a parameter from [14] known as the testing dimension of <italic>H</italic>. We investigate in some detail the specification numbers of hypotheses in the set <italic>H<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> of linearly separable boolean functions: We present general methods for finding upper bounds on <italic>&sgr;(t)</italic> and we characterise those <italic>t</italic> which have largest <italic>&sgr;(t)</italic>. We obtain a general lower bound on the number of examples required and we show that for all <italic>nested</italic> hypotheses, this lower bound is attained. We prove that for any <italic>t ε H<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>, there is <italic>exactly one</italic> set of examples of minimal cardinality (i.e., of cardinality <italic>&sgr;(t))</italic> which specifies <italic>t</italic>. We then discuss those <italic>t ε H<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> which have limited dependence, in the sense that some of the variables are redundant (i.e., there are irrelevant attributes), giving tight upper and lower bounds on <italic>&sgr;(t)</italic> for such hypotheses. In the final section of the paper, we address the complexity of computing specification numbers and related parameters.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Increases Infant Acute Respiratory Illness Severity, but not Childhood Asthma.

It is unknown whether gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) during infancy affects infant bronchiolitis severity or childhood asthma inception. Four hundred thirty-two infants presenting with acute respiratory illness due to bronchiolitis or upper respiratory infection were studied. The primary exposure was the parental report of a previous GERD diagnosis. Outcomes included bronchiolitis severity at initial presentation and childhood asthma diagnosis at age 4. Infants with parentally reported GERD had a higher bronchiolitis severity score (range=0-12, clinically significant difference=0.5), indicating more severe disease, than infants without reported GERD (median 5.5 [interquartile range 3.5-9.0] among those with reported GERD versus 4.0 [1.0-7.0] among those without, P=0.005). This association persisted after adjusting for infant age, race, gender, and secondhand smoke exposure by a propensity score (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-3.46, P=0.02). The parental report of GERD during infancy was not associated with the parental report of asthma diagnosis at age 4. GERD during infancy may contribute to acute respiratory illness severity, but is not associated with asthma diagnosis at age 4. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The influence of mood on the creation of compensatory health beliefs

Objective: The prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents in Europe has increased although the negative consequences of alcohol are known. A possible explanation for this paradox phenomenon can be given by compensatory health beliefs (CHBs), which arise when individuals have to face a temptation between a desire and a healthy goal. In this context, compensatory health beliefs are beliefs that the negative effects of alcohol consumption can be compensated for by engaging in a healthy behavior at a later time. The temptation leads to a motivational conflict resulting in cognitive dissonance, which can be reduced by compensatory health beliefs. The aim of this study was to examine whether it is possible to manipulate the creation of compensatory health beliefs by mood, as research on this topic is still limited. Design: For the analysis data from an experimental online survey study was used. Subjects: The convenience sample consisted of 108 University students. The mean age was 23,35 years and the majority of the participants were German. Method: First the randomization between the positive and negative condition of the developed experiment was tested. Afterwards the manipulation, including the positive and negative alcohol-specific commercials, was tested whether a difference in the questionnaires was found. Furthermore a mediator analysis for mood was conducted. Results: The randomization between the positive and negative condition was successful. Evidence was found that the manipulation had effect on mood. However, the manipulation did neither affect the creation of compensatory health beliefs nor the intention. Conclusion: The experiment was effective on the positive and negative affect but did not influence the creation of compensatory health beliefs.
Research of Forecasting Model for Regional Data in GIS Based on Back Propagation Neural Network

This paper focuses on space-time non-linear intelligent modeling for regional data, researches how to apply Back- Propagation neural network (BPN) into analysis of regional data. Thinking about sectional instability of spatial pattern, this paper divided space units of researching regions into different sub- regions by improved K-means algorithm based on spatial adjacency relationship. Then build a space-time model with BPN. To solve the problem that deviation is too large in determining boundary of zonings by BPN model when data dimension increased, this paper bring forward a modular BPN model which named regional space-time neural network (RSTNN) model, modeling and predicting respectively based on every zoning with BPN. At last, compare the abilities of modular BPN model and global BPN model by means of analysis of an example.
Simultaneous localization and map building of skid-steered robots

In this article, an alternative scheme is proposed for the SLAM problem, where the state vector holds only the robot pose and the map is feature-based in the form of line segments. It is a lighter representation in comparison to occupancy grids and point maps, something necessary as large scale environments are addressed. The basic idea is to obtain one estimate of the robot's pose from an innovative dead-reckoning scheme and one from a laser scan matching algorithm. The fusion is done through a covariance intersection filter, avoiding the assumption that holds in Kalman filter that the cross correlations are zero. In this way, the uncertainty of pose estimate while the cross correlations are unknown and non zero are minimized. In the following section, the general framework of the SLAM algorithm is described. Then a short description of the dead-reckoning scheme, feature extraction scheme and the map matching algorithm are discussed. The loop with the covariance intersection fusion of the robot pose estimates are concluded. The description of the global map update algorithm and the results from representative experiments in real world experimental conditions are presented
Experience with silver coated vacuum vessel thermal shield at 80 K in Tore Supra

The thermal shield system at 80 K in Tore Supra provides an optically opaque barrier for thermal loads transferred from warm components to the superconducting toroidal magnetic field coil casing operating at 4 K. The two opposite surfaces (∼230 m2) of “hot” vacuum vessel wall and surrounding “cold” vacuum vessel thermal shield are silver coated. Remaining cold thermal shield surfaces, including the cryostat thermal shield, which is located between toroidal field coils and cryostat torus (outer vacuum vessel at room temperature), are polished. The knowledge of realistic global surface emissivity values on large assembled components is necessary to estimate correctly the cryo-power consumption. Therefore TS large surface silver coatings have been assessed for ITER concerning the evaluation of surface emissivities from heat transfer measurements during vessel bake-out taking into account the real surface topography of assembled components.
An investigation of how communities of practice mediate implementation of data-driven instruction

Policy now dictates the widespread implementation of data-driven instruction (DDI): the means of using assessments to guide decisions about practice with the goal of academic growth. Sociocultural theorists suggest that how a person learns a new skill and the context in which the learning takes place is fundamental to learning. Therefore as school leaders establish opportunities for practicing teachers to learn the skills necessary to understand and use data to inform their teaching, they must be attentive to the school culture and communities of practice. Yet, the research on DDI to date offers little insight into the micro-aspects of implementation: what happens after teachers are provided the data and how they engage and use data in relation to instruction. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine how communities of practice mediate the implementation of data-driven instruction in schools. A multiple case study design was employed to investigate implementation of DDI in two New Jersey charter middle schools. Data collection included interviews of school leaders, focus groups of teachers, observation, and document review. Each school’s data set was coded inductively and deductively and larger patterns developed to provide a portrait of the school and DDI. A cross-case analysis highlighted patterns in relationships between school culture, leadership, and teacher interactions around data. Findings indicate that teacher communities of practice are integral to DDI implementation. How teachers use and talk about data is shaped by the school culture and by the way leaders structure time and resources to enable teachers to confer about data. This study adds to the research base on DDI by describing its implementation
Behaviour Mining for Automatic Task-Keeping and Visualisations for Task-Refinding

When people perform some tasks on their desktop, they tend to spend a considerable amount of time looking back, establishing past references and remembering. A task contains an evolving collection of documents to which the user is referring and that are relevant to the task. In the case of Web documents people tend to rely on their organisational skills and use a variety of "keeping" and "re-finding" tools which traditionally include bookmarks, history and search, amongst others. This paper reports the results of surveys conducted to investigate the way that people keep and re-find Web based tasks. As tasks can be interrupted or conducted over different sessions a user needs to keep, re-find, and resume them. A prototype called PiMxT is also presented, which uses an incremental density-based clustering approach to automatically generate and keep task-clusters by considering the user's window and tab switching, and re-visitation behaviour. The algorithm attempts to identify those documents that pertain to the same task-cluster, and also when a switch between two documents is effectively a task-switch. PiMxT allows for searching and filtering across the task-clusters as well as task-resumption through different visualisations. This tool was evaluated through a usability study and a questionnaire, and it was found that the time taken by the 15 participants to re-find and resume tasks was on average 44% less in 77% of the cases. Furthermore, although the participants expected PiMxT to be more complete and accurate they all recognised its usefulness.
Large-Scale Star Formation Triggering in the Low-Mass Arp 82 System: A Nearby Example of Galaxy Downsizing Based on UV/Optical/Mid-IR Imaging

As part of our Spitzer Spirals, Bridges, and Tails project to help understand the effects of galaxy interactions on star formation, we analyze Galaxy Evolution Explorer UV, Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy optical, and Spitzer IR images of the interacting galaxy pair Arp 82 (NGC 2535/6) and compare to a numerical simulation of the interaction. We investigate the multiwavelength properties of several individual star-forming complexes (clumps). Using optical and UV colors, EW(Hα), and population synthesis models we constrain the ages of the clumps and find that the median clump age is ∼9 Myr. The clumps have masses ranging from a few ×106 to 109 M⊙. In general, the clumps in the tidal features have ages similar to those in the spiral region, but are less massive. The clumps provide 33%, 36%, and 70% of the far-UV, 8.0 μm, and 24 μm emission, respectively. The 8 and 24 μm luminosities are used to estimate the far-IR luminosities and the star formation rates of the clumps. The total clump star formation rate is ∼2.0 ± 0.8 M⊙ yr-1, while the entire Arp 82 system is forming stars at a rate of ∼4.9 ± 2.0 M⊙ yr-1. We find, for the first time, stars in the H I arc to the southeast of the NGC 2535 disk. Population synthesis models indicate that all of the observed populations have young to intermediate ages. We conclude that, although the gas disks and some old stars may have formed early on, the progenitors may have been of late-type or low surface brightness, and the evolution of these galaxies seems to have halted until the recent encounter.
Abbreviated Title: Attention and amygdala lesions

no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Claudia Wilimzig for providing some of the stimuli, Ty Basinger for creating some of the stimuli, Peter Foley for help with the statistical analysis, and Mike Tyszka for providing the anatomical scans of the lesion patients. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Abstract The amygdala is thought to play a critical role in detecting salient stimuli. Several studies have taken ecological approaches to investigating such saliency, and argue for domain-specific effects for processing certain natural stimulus categories, in particular faces and animals. Linking this to the amygdala, neurons in the human amygdala have been found to respond strongly to faces, and also to animals. Yet the amygdala's necessary role for such category-specific effects at the behavioral level remains untested. Here we tested four rare patients with bilateral amygdala lesions on an established change-detection protocol. Consistent with prior published studies, healthy controls showed reliably faster and more accurate detection of people and animals, as compared to artifacts and plants. But so did all four amygdala patients: there were no differences in phenomenal change blindness, in behavioral reaction time to detect changes, or in eye-tracking measures. The findings provide decisive evidence against a critical participation of the amygdala in rapid, initial processing of attention to animate stimuli, suggesting that the necessary neural substrates for this phenomenon arise either in other subcortical structures (such as the pulvinar) or within cortex itself.