Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Using 13N‐Ammonia and Reoriented Dynamic Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging

BackgroundRegional myocardial blood flow has been quantified using transaxial positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging and tracer kinetic modeling. However, the use of transaxial images limits the accuracy of regional partial volume corrections and the localization of the quantified regional flow values. The purpose of the present study was to overcome both problems by calculating regional flows from reoriented short-axis PET images. Methods and ResultsTwelve experiments were performed in four dogs. 13N-ammonia was injected intravenously while microspheres were administered into the left atrium during baseline, hyperemic, and low-flow conditions. Serial transaxial frames were acquired with a 15-plane PET scanner and reoriented into short-axis frames. The arterial input function and eight regional myocardial tissue activity curves were derived from the reoriented frames. The arterial input functions were corrected for ammonia metabolites, and the myocardial tissue curves were corrected for spillover of activity, partial volume effects, and heterogeneities in the image's spatial resolution introduced during reorientation. Corrections for regional partial volume were based on estimates of the regional myocardial activity thickness derived from reoriented diastolic images of the heart. The myocardial UN-ammonia kinetics were described with a two-pool compartmental model. Values of regional myocardial blood flow by PET correlated linearly with those by microspheres (slope, 0.94; y intercept, 0.06 ml/min/g; r=0.93) over a wide range of flows. ConclusionsRegional myocardial blood flow can be measured accurately and noninvasively from serially acquired and reoriented short-axis 13N-ammonia images, thus overcoming limitations inherent to the use of transaxially acquired images and permitting a more complete evaluation of regional blood flows throughout the left ventricular myocardium.
Theoretical evaluation of the double U-core switched reluctance machine

The switched reluctance machine (SRM) has seen a lot of interest due to its simplicity and ruggedness. Much attention have been paid in academia to improve on some of the disadvantages of the technology such as torque ripple, acoustic noise and low torque density. In this paper a topology, namely the double U-core SRM, is reviewed. This topology improves on some of the disadvantages of the regular SRM. Torque ripple is reduced and the torque density is increased for the same amount of material, by reconfiguring the topology of the regular SRM and increasing the number of poles. The result is a segmented stator structure where each segment can be wound individually and assembled afterwards. Several similar technologies have been demonstrated, and the claimed advantages have been proven in comparison with regular SRMs with a lower pole count. In this paper, the technology will be compared to a regular SRM with a similar pole count, to assess the advantages of the technology, when disregarding the increased number of poles. This paper therefore serves the purpose of proving and assessing the technology through a straightforward theoretical comparison of a regular and a double U-core SRM. From this comparison the claims of the technology can be proven and the gain from utilising the technology can be assessed objectively.
The impact of social values on food-related attitudes

States that social values represent desired end states of being or desirable behaviours such as self-respect, warm relations with others, or excitement. These abstract social cognitions help shape product attitudes and through them guide overt behaviour. Empirical research has supported this theoretical structure of values-attitudes-behaviour, but only for a relatively few high involvement products. A sample of 323 adult women shoppers rated the importance of the nine social values from the list of values; reported their attitudes towards snack foods, convenience foods, and cooking; and described purchase frequencies for a variety of foods. The shoppers' food attitudes were consistently associated with self-reported food purchases. Moreover, ratings of several values were associated with attitudes towards snack foods and use of convenience foods, suggesting that social values may influence buyer behaviour for low as well as high involvement products.
Structure from motion in dynamic scenes with multiple motions

In this study, an algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-body structure from motion (SfM) problem for the single camera case. The algorithm uses the epipolar criterion to segment the features belonging to independently moving objects. Once the features are segmented, corresponding objects are reconstructed individually by applying a sequential algorithm, which uses the previous structure to estimate the pose of the current frame. A tracker is utilized to increase the baseline and improve the F-matrix estimation, which is beneficial for both segmentation and 3D structure estimation. The experimental results on synthetic and real data demonstrate that our approach efficiently deals with the multi-body SfM problem.
Correlation between pathological risk factors and pelvic lymph node metastases in stage I squamous carcinoma of the cervix: A multivariate analysis of 194 cases

This study includes 194 patients with stage I cervical cancer subjected to surgical therapy. Of 14 pathological factors analyzed, microscopic parametrial involvement (P = 0.001), depth of invasion (P = 0.001), and lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.029) were found to be the most significant factors for positive pelvic lymph nodes. Combination of significant factors permitted categorization of patients into risk groups with pelvic lymph node metastases ranging from 0.0% to 90.9%.
Normalization Models Applied to Orientation Masking in the Human Infant

Human infants can discriminate the orientation of lines within the first week after birth (Atkinson et al., 1988; Slater et al., 1988) but have immature orientation-selective pattern masking until after 6 months of age (Morrone and Burr, 1986). Here the development of orientation processing is further examined using a visual-evoked potential paradigm and normalization models of pattern masking. Contrast response functions were measured for 1 cycle per degree (cpd) gratings, counterphase-reversed in contrast at either 3.3 or 5.5 Hz. A second 1 cpd, 20% contrast, 8.3 Hz grating of either the same or orthogonal orientation was added as a mask. Evoked responses associated with the test grating, the mask, and intermodulation between the two were individually extracted using spectral analysis of the scalp-recorded EEG. Adults exhibited orientation selectivity in the masking of their test component responses and in nonlinear intermodulation between the test and mask stimuli. Infants <5 months old, however, demonstrated nonselective masking or a reversed selectivity in their responses to the test component, with adult-like orientation selectivity in their intermodulation responses. Within the context of a normalization model of pattern masking, the results are consistent with the existence of oriented filters early in life the responses of which are normalized immaturely until ∼5 months of age.
Ieee Transactions on Communications, Accepted for Publication 1 Exploiting Sparse User Activity in Multiuser Detection

—The number of active users in code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems is often much lower than the spreading gain. The present paper exploits fruitfully this a priori information to improve performance of multiuser detectors. A low-activity factor manifests itself in a sparse symbol vector with entries drawn from a finite alphabet that is augmented by the zero symbol to capture user inactivity. The non-equiprobable symbols of the augmented alphabet motivate a sparsity-exploiting maximum a posteriori probability (S-MAP) criterion, which is shown to yield a cost comprising the ℓ2 least-squares error penalized by the í µí±-th norm of the wanted symbol vector (í µí± = 0, 1, 2). Related optimization problems appear in variable selection (shrinkage) schemes developed for linear regression, as well as in the emerging field of compressive sampling (CS). The contribution of this work to such sparse CDMA systems is a gamut of sparsity-exploiting multiuser detectors trading off performance for complexity requirements. From the vantage point of CS and the least-absolute shrinkage selection operator (Lasso) spectrum of applications, the contribution amounts to sparsity-exploiting algorithms when the entries of the wanted signal vector adhere to finite-alphabet constraints.
Validation of the comparative quantification method of real-time PCR analysis and a cautionary tale of housekeeping gene selection

Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is now widely used for quantifying levels of expressed gene transcripts. The present study validates the use of a new RT-PCR analysis method, Comparative Quantification, by comparing it against the 'gold standard' Comparative Threshold Cycle method. The former method calculates individual PCR reaction efficiencies, obviating the need for multiple PCRs to generate standard curves from serial dilutions of sample. Real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to verify expression of 18 genes suggested by microarray analysis of schizophrenia versus control fibroblasts. A high correlation (R=0.853) was observed between the two methods, validating Comparative Quantification as a method of RT-PCR data analysis, with the advantage that it is also a quicker and cheaper method. Also, RT-PCR compares the relative expression of target genes to the expression of a reference or "housekeeping" gene in the sample, which is assumed to have stable expression across all samples. Variable expression of the reference gene would reveal itself as a false change in expression in the target gene. The present study investigates the expression of "housekeeping" genes in fibroblast cultures from patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls. The results reveal consistent patient versus control differences in expression of commonly used "housekeeping" genes, including GAPDH. We propose that researchers derive housekeeping genes from stable expression data in the system studied and disregard previously published housekeeping genes when designing their real-time PCR experiments.
Rethinking the Rhetorical Presidency and Presidential Rhetoric1

While the “rhetorical presidency,” has been both accepted as a heuristic justifying the study of presidential speech on one hand and disputed as to its accuracy and utility on the other, this model assumes a white male president who governs within a pre-cable, pre-internet political context. This essay will first briefly survey the history of the rhetorical presidency and then look closely at the factors (class, race, gender, and the mediated and even interactive nature of presidential rhetoric) that will need to be taken into account as scholarship on the rhetorical presidency—and on presidential rhetoric—moves forward.
New paradigms : renin axis and risk Programming of hypertension : associations of plasma aldosterone in adult men and women with birthweight , cortisol , and blood pressure

This year’s search of ‘adrenal’ and ‘steroidogenesis’ in PubMed yielded more than 6,000 hits from which we have selected the following collection of articles. Whenever possible we have avoided subjects which have been discussed in detail in the Yearbook 2008, unless progress in the field has been incremental [1]. Some emerging themes include modulators of steroidogenesis as a cause of variant phenotypes or new monogenic disorders; peripheral circadian regulation within the adrenal itself; DHEA and adrenarche; and potential cancer therapies developed from studying the molecular pathophysiology of adrenal tumor tissues and cells.
A Test and Diagnosis Methodology for RF Transceivers

This paper proposes an RF test and diagnosis methodology based on digital DFT structure and built- in DSP function of a SoC Chip. Constellation variation plots are proposed to identify the faulty component. Furthermore, linear interpolation is used to determine the amount of variation. The simulated test results show that the method is able to identify not only the faulty component but also the variation amount precise.
Functional dysconnectivity of the limbic loop of frontostriatal circuits in first‐episode, treatment‐naive schizophrenia

Frontostriatal circuits dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology and psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). However, few studies have investigated SZ‐related functional connectivity (FC) alterations in discrete frontostriatal circuits and their relationship with pathopsychology in first‐episode schizophrenia (FESZ). The goal of this study was to identify dysfunctions in discrete frontostriatal circuits that are associated with key features of FESZ. To this end, a case–control, cross‐sectional study was conducted, wherein resting‐state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data were collected from 37 treatment‐naïve FESZ patients and 29 healthy control (HC) subjects. Seed‐based FC analyses were performed by placing six bilateral pairs of seeds within a priori defined subdivisions of the striatum. We observed significantly decreased FC for the FESZ group relative to the HC group [p < . 05, family‐wise error (FWE)‐corrected] in the limbic loop, but not in the sensorimotor or associative loops, of frontostriatal circuitry. Moreover, bilaterally decreased inferior ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VSi)‐dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) FC within the limbic loop correlated inversely with overall FESZ symptom severity and the disorganization factor score of PANSS. These findings provide new insight into the role of frontostriatal limbic loop hypoconnectivity in early‐stage schizophrenia pathology and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets.
MIREX 2019: VAMP PLUGINS FROM THE CENTRE FOR DIGITAL MUSIC

In this submission we offer for evaluation several audio feature extraction plugins in Vamp format. Most of these plugins were also submitted to the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 editions of MIREX; most of them are also unchanged since 2016, and may offer a useful baseline for comparison across years. The methods implemented in this set of plugins are described in the literature and are referenced throughout this paper. All of the plugins are written in C++ and have been published under open source licences, in most cases the GPL.
Timing, social support, and the effects of physical limitations on psychological distress in late life.

OBJECTIVES Previous research shows that limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) are related to greater psychological distress. This study uses a synthesis of life course and stress process perspectives to examine how social support resources and the timing of limitations intersect to shape the relationship between ADL limitations and changes in psychological distress. METHODS Data are derived from a longitudinal study of adults aged 65 and older in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area over a 2-year period (2001-2003). RESULTS ADL limitations are positively related to change in depressive symptoms. This relationship is weakened for older individuals, but only at higher levels of perceived social support. DISCUSSION The contribution of this research is to offer a more nuanced view of the mental health consequences of physical limitations in late life by demonstrating that perceived social support provides an important context for age-variegated associations between ADL limitations and changes in psychological distress.
Are they Animals or Machines? Measuring Dehumanization

The present research deals with two forms of dehumanization: 1) denying uniquely human attributes to others (seeing them as animals); 2) denying human nature to others (seeing them as machines or automata). Studies 1 and 2 explored these two forms of dehumanization, analyzing whether people associated their ingroup more with human-related words (vs. animal- vs. machine-related words) than two different outgroups. A paper and pencil procedure was used to find out which words were associated with the surnames of the ingroup (Spaniards) or the outgroup (Germans, Gypsies). Results showed that participants were more ready to link ingroup than outgroup surnames to human words. They also linked more Gypsy surnames to animal-related words and German surnames with machine-related words. Studies 3 and 4 used the Implicit Association Test to analyze the same ideas and replicated the results of Studies 1 and 2. La investigación que se presenta trata sobre dos formas de deshumanización: 1) Negar a los demás cualidades exclusivamente humanas (viéndolos como animales); 2) negarles la naturaleza humana (viéndolos como máquinas o autómatas). En los estudios 1 y 2 se examinaron ambas formas de deshumanización analizando si la gente asociaba más al endogrupo con palabras relativas a humanos (vs. animales o máquinas) en comparación con dos exogrupos diferentes. Se utilizó un procedimiento de papel y lápiz para saber qué palabras se asociaban más con los apellidos del endogrupo (españoles) o con los apellidos del exogrupo (alemanes, gitanos). Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que los participantes relacionaron en mayor medida los apellidos del endogrupo con las palabras relativas a humanos. Además también vincularon los apellidos gitanos con palabras vinculadas a animales y los apellidos alemanes con palabras de máquinas. En los estudios 3 y 4 se utilizó el Test de Asociación Implícita (IAT) para probar las mismas ideas y los resultados corroboraron los encontrados en los estudios 1 y 2.
Urban vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communications range evaluation

We consider the problem of information propagation for traffic management applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems in urban areas. In this paper is described a system for measurement of communication range of vehicular wireless communications, method for processing and interpreting the measured data and the initial results. The measurement system is designed to provide an estimate on radio propagation and coverage in vehicular applications in urban areas and the focus is on evaluation of the communication coverage for IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15. 4 standards based wireless communication systems. The data collected with the described test system are made available online at http://project-bay.eu/v2x-dataset.
Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase is associated with poor response to anti‐hormonal therapy and decreased patient survival in clinical breast cancer

It is believed that growth factor phosphorylation cascades interact closely with oestrogen receptor (ER) signaling to regulate breast cancer growth, and that alterations in these pathways may underlie resistance to anti‐hormones such as tamoxifen. There is an increasing body of experimental evidence implicating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase extracellular signal‐regulated‐kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2 MAPK) in these events. The present study is the first to address the relationship between ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation (p‐MAPK) and response to anti‐hormonal agents in clinical breast cancer (n = 90). Immunocytochemical analysis using a phosphorylation state‐specific ERK1/2 MAPK antibody revealed 72% of breast tumors to have considerable nuclear p‐MAPK immunostaining (designated p‐MAPK positive), whereas staining was barely detectable or absent in the remaining 28% (designated p‐MAPK negative). Comparison with staining in normal breast material obtained from reduction mammoplasty patients (n = 10) demonstrated an increased frequency of higher intensity p‐MAPK immunostaining cells within carcinomas (p = 0.002). Significant relationships were revealed between p‐MAPK positivity and poorer quality (p = 0.001) and shortened duration (p = 0.006) of anti‐hormonal response, as well as with decreased survival time from the initiation of therapy (p = 0.022). These associations were retained in ER positive disease (p = 0.013, p = 0.037 and p = 0.048 respectively), where multivariate analysis demonstrated p‐MAPK status to be a significantly independent predictor for response duration (p = 0.034) and patient survival (p = 0.029). Phosphorylated ERK1/2 MAP kinase is thus potentially prognostic for prediction of response to anti‐hormonal agents and survival, data providing further evidence that ERK1/2 MAP kinase plays a role in circumvention of anti‐hormonal response in breast cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Backstepping Design of Adaptive Neural Fault-Tolerant Control for MIMO Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, an adaptive controller is developed for a class of multi-input and multioutput nonlinear systems with neural networks (NNs) used as a modeling tool. It is shown that all the signals in the closed-loop system with the proposed adaptive neural controller are globally uniformly bounded for any external input in $L_{[0,\infty ]}$ . In our control design, the upper bound of the NN modeling error and the gains of external disturbance are characterized by unknown upper bounds, which is more rational to establish the stability in the adaptive NN control. Filter-based modification terms are used in the update laws of unknown parameters to improve the transient performance. Finally, fault-tolerant control is developed to accommodate actuator failure. An illustrative example applying the adaptive controller to control a rigid robot arm shows the validation of the proposed controller.
Do These News Videos Portray a News Event from Different Ideological Perspectives?

Television news has been the predominant way of understanding the world around us, but individual news broadcasters can frame or mislead audience's understanding about political and social issues. We aim to develop a computer system that can automatically identify highly biased television news and encourages audience to seek news stories from contrasting viewpoints. But can computers identify news videos produced by broadcasters holding differing ideological beliefs? We developed a method of identifying differing ideological perspectives based on a large-scale visual concept ontology, and the experimental results were promising.
An Efficient Metric of Automatic Weight Generation for Properties in Instance Matching Technique

The proliferation of heterogeneous data sources of semantic knowledge base intensifies the need of an automatic instance matching technique. However, the efficiency of instance matching is often influenced by the weight of a property associated to instances. Automatic weight generation is a non-trivial, however an important task in instance matching technique. Therefore, identifying an appropriate metric for generating weight for a property automatically is nevertheless a formidable task. In this paper, we investigate an approach of generating weights automatically by considering hypotheses: (1) the weight of a property is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of its distinct values to the number of instances contain the property, and (2) the weight is also proportional to the ratio of the number of distinct values of a property to the number of instances in a training dataset. The basic intuition behind the use of our approach is the classical theory of information content that infrequent words are more informative than frequent ones. Our mathematical model derives a metric for generating property weights automatically, which is applied in instance matching system to produce re-conciliated instances efficiently. Our experiments and evaluations show the effectiveness of our proposed metric of automatic weight generation for properties in an instance matching technique.