Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations of the star schema benchmark to test the effects of data skew on query performance

The Star Schema Benchmark (SSB), now in its third revision, has been widely used to evaluate the performance of database management systems when executing star schema queries. SSB, based on the well known industry standard benchmark TPC-H, shares some of its drawbacks, most notably, its uniform data distributions. Today's systems rely heavily on sophisticated cost-based query optimizers to generate the most efficient query execution plans. A benchmark that evaluates optimizer's capability to generate optimal execution plans under all circumstances must provide the rich data set details on which optimizers rely (uniform and non-uniform distributions, data sparsity, etc.). This is also true for other database system parts, such as indices and operators, and ultimately holds for an end-to-end benchmark as well. SSB's data generator, based on TPC-H's dbgen, is not easy to adapt to different data distributions as its meta data and actual data generation implementations are not separated. In this paper, we motivate the need for a new revision of SSB that includes non-uniform data distributions. We list what specific modifications are required to SSB to implement non-uniform data sets and we demonstrate how to implement these modifications in the Parallel Data Generator Framework to generate both the data and query sets.
Narcissism and Parenting Styles

Baumrind's authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles were analyzed within the context of Kohut's psychology of the self. College student perceptions of their parents were correlated with measures of self-functioning in order to test the hypotheses that perceived parental authoritativeness would be associated with less narcissistic maladjustment, that permissiveness would be associated with immature grandiosity, and that authoritarianism would correlate with inadequate idealization. All three suggestions received empirical support. In addition, authoritarianism seemed to be associated with less immature grandi-osity, and parenting characteristics of the mother were more strongly correlated with self-development than were those of ihe father. That the family crucially affects the self is a commonplace social scientific assumption not limited to psychoanalysis. Baumrind's (e.g., 1966, 1975, 1983) research into authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles il-lustrates how developmental psychologists have sought to clarify the tie be-tween parenting and the traits of children. Most simplistically, authoritativeness combines control and limit setting with warmth and nurtur-ance and generally fosters children who are "mature . socially responsible and assertive" (Baumnnd, 1973, p. 8). Overemphasis on nurturance at the expense of appropriate control defines a permissiveness that is associated with "immature" children more likely to have problems with self-control and self-reliance. Authoritarian parents are opposite to the permissive pattern in exert-ing strong control with little warmth. Their "disaffiliated" youth (1973, p. 8) appear to be unhappy, socially withdrawn, and lacking in trust (1983, p. 121).
Newton-type Methods with Generalized Distances For Constrained Optimization

We consider a class of interior point algorithms for minimizing a twice continuously differentiable function over a closed convex set with nonempty interior. On one hand, our algirothms can be viewed as an approximate version of the generalized proximal point methods and, on the other hand, as an extension of unconstrained Newton-type methods to the constrained case. Each step consists of solving a strongly convex unconstrained program followed by a one-dimensional search along either a line or a curve segment in the interior of the feasible set. The information about the feasible set is contained in the generalized distance function whose gradient diverges on the boundary of this set. When the feasible set is the whole space, the standard regularized Newton method is a particular case in our framework. We show, under standard assumptions, that every accumulation point of the sequence of iterates satisfies a first order necessary optimality condition for the problem and solves the problem if the objective.
Comparison of constructions of irregular Gallager codes

The low-density parity check codes whose performance is closest to the Shannon limit are "Gallager codes" based on irregular graphs. We compare alternative methods for constructing these graphs and present two results. First, we find a "super-Poisson" construction which gives a small improvement in empirical performance over a random construction. Second, whereas Gallager codes normally take N/sup 2/ time to encode, we investigate constructions of regular and irregular Gallager codes that allow more rapid encoding and have smaller memory requirements in the encoder. We find that these "fast encoding" Gallager codes have equally good performance.
BuBBleS, Bank Credit and MaCroPrudential PoliCieS

In 2013 all ECB publications feature a motif taken from the €5 banknote. note: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. Any reproduction, publication and reprint in the form of a different publication, whether printed or produced electronically, in whole or in part, is permitted only with the explicit written authorisation of the ECB or the authors. The objective of MaRs is to develop core conceptual frameworks, models and/or tools supporting macro-prudential supervision in the EU. The research is carried out in three work streams: 1) Macro-financial models linking financial stability and the performance of the economy; 2) Early warning systems and systemic risk indicators; 3) Assessing contagion risks. act as external consultants. Fiorella De Fiore (ECB) and Kalin Nikolov (ECB) share responsibility for the MaRs Secretariat. The refereeing process of this paper has been coordinated by a team composed of Gerhard Rünstler, Kalin Nikolov and Bernd Schwaab (all ECB). The paper is released in order to make the research of MaRs generally available, in preliminary form, to encourage comments and suggestions prior to final publication. The views expressed in the paper are the ones of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB or of the ESCB. Acknowledgements I am grateful to an anonymous referee for helpful and inspiring comments and suggestions. All remaining errors and omissions are the sole responsibility of the author. The views expressed here are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Czech National Bank. ABSTRACT We explore the ability of a macroprudential policy instrument to dampen the consequences of equity mispricing (a bubble) and the correction thereof (the bubble bursting), as well as the consequences for real activity in a production economy. In our model, producers are financed by both bank debt and equity, and face a mix of systematic and idiosyncratic uncertainty. Positive/negative bubbles arise when prior public beliefs about the aggregate productivity of producers (business sentiment) become biased upwards/downwards. Economic activity in equilibrium is influenced by the bubble size. The presence of macroprudential policy is represented by a convex dependence of bank capital requirements on the quantity of uncollateralized credit. We find that this kind of policy is more successful in suppressing equity price swings than moderating output fluctuations. …
Embedded techniques for choosing the parameter in Tikhonov regularization

This paper introduces a new strategy for setting the regularization parameter when solving large‐scale discrete ill‐posed linear problems by means of the Arnoldi–Tikhonov method. This new rule is essentially based on the discrepancy principle, although no initial knowledge of the norm of the error that affects the right‐hand side is assumed; an increasingly more accurate approximation of this quantity is recovered during the Arnoldi algorithm. Some theoretical estimates are derived in order to motivate our approach. Many numerical experiments performed on classical test problems as well as image deblurring problems are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic program and transcription factor circuitry of dendritic cell development

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that develop from hematopoietic stem cells through successive steps of lineage commitment and differentiation. Multipotent progenitors (MPP) are committed to DC restricted common DC progenitors (CDP), which differentiate into specific DC subsets, classical DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC). To determine epigenetic states and regulatory circuitries during DC differentiation, we measured consecutive changes of genome-wide gene expression, histone modification and transcription factor occupancy during the sequel MPP-CDP-cDC/pDC. Specific histone marks in CDP reveal a DC-primed epigenetic signature, which is maintained and reinforced during DC differentiation. Epigenetic marks and transcription factor PU.1 occupancy increasingly coincide upon DC differentiation. By integrating PU.1 occupancy and gene expression we devised a transcription factor regulatory circuitry for DC commitment and subset specification. The circuitry provides the transcription factor hierarchy that drives the sequel MPP-CDP-cDC/pDC, including Irf4, Irf8, Tcf4, Spib and Stat factors. The circuitry also includes feedback loops inferred for individual or multiple factors, which stabilize distinct stages of DC development and DC subsets. In summary, here we describe the basic regulatory circuitry of transcription factors that drives DC development.
Phonological and Distributional Cues in Syntax Acquisition: Scaling up the Connectionist Approach to Multiple-Cue Integration - eScholarship

Recent work in developmental psycholinguistics suggests that children may bootstrap grammatical categories and basic syntactic structure by exploiting distributional, phonological, and prosodic cues. Previous connectionist work has indicated that multiple-cue integration is computationally feasible for small artificial languages. In this paper, we present a series of simulations exploring the integration of distributional and phonological cues in a connectionist model trained on a fullblown corpus of child-directed speech. In the first simulation, we demonstrate that the connectionist model performs very well when trained on purely distributional information represented in terms of lexical categories. In the second simulation we demonstrate that networks trained on distributed vectors incorporating phonetic information about words also achieve a high level of performance. Finally, we employ discriminant analyses of hidden unit activations to show that the networks are able to integrate phonological and distributional cues in the service of developing highly reliable internal representations of lexical categories.
Delayed Mustard Gas Keratitis: Clinical Course and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Findings

Purpose: To report the detailed clinical and in vivo confocal microscopic findings in a patient with delayed-onset mustard gas keratitis observed 20 years after initial exposure. Methods: A 38-year-old man who was exposed to mustard gas in Iraq at the age of 19 years was examined after presenting with ocular symptoms 17 years after initial recovery from the exposure. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, corneal topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed on both corneas. Results: The clinical symptoms were consistent with a delayed form of mustard gas keratitis, although the patient had clear central corneas and good visual acuity. Confocal microscopic findings included evidence of epithelial abnormalities, necrotic changes in the anterior stroma, subbasal and anterior stromal nerve proliferation, and deep stromal keratocyte activation. Conclusions: In vivo confocal microscopy revealed persistent morphologic abnormalities in the anterior stroma of both corneas 20 years after initial exposure to mustard gas. The detection of a population of dendritic cell bodies in the central epithelium and evidence of keratocyte activation and migration in the deep stroma indicated the presence of ongoing subclinical processes.
14 Head Direction and Spatial View Cells in Primates, and Brain Mechanisms for Path Integration and Episodic Memory

The aims of this chapter are to show that there are head direction cells in primates as well as in rats; to describe their properties; to show that a new class of cells found in the primate hippocampus—spatial view cells—are different from head direction cells and from rat place cells; to show the utility of spatial view cells in forming episodic memories; to show how a single network can associate both discrete representations about objects and continuous spatial representations to form episodic memories; and to show how path integration may be performed in continuous attractor networks to update their spatial representations by idiothetic (self-motion) cues in the dark. Head direction cells are described in the presubiculum of the monkey, Macaca mulatta, used as a model of what is likely to be present in humans. The firing rate of these cells is a function of the head direction of the monkey, with a response that is typically 10 to 100 times larger to the optimal as compared to the opposite head direction. The mean half-amplitude width of the tuning of the cells was 76°. The response of head direction cells in the presubiculum was not influenced by where the monkey was located, there being the same tuning-to-head direction at different places in a room, and even outside the room. The response of these cells was also independent of the spatial view observed by the monkey, and also the position of the eyes in its head. The average information about head direction was 0.64 bits, about place was 0.10 bits, about spatial view was 0.27 bits, and about eye position was 0.04 bits. The cells maintained their tuning for periods of at least several minutes when the view details were obscured or the room darkened. This representation of head direction could be useful, together with the hippocampal spatial view cells and whole body motion cells found in primates in such spatial and memory functions as path integration and episodic memory. It is shown that discrete and continuous attractor networks can be combined so that they contain both object and spatial information, and thus provide a model of episodic memory. Self-organizing continuous
HOW INSTANTONS SOLVE THE U ( 1 ) PROBLEM

The gauge theory for strong interactions, QCD, has anapparentU(1) symmetrythat isnotrealizedin the realworld. The violationof the U(1) symmetry canbe attributedto a well-known anomalyin theregularizationof thetheory, which in field configurationscalled “instantons”can be seento give rise to interactionsthat explicitly break thesymmetry. A simple polynomialeffective Lagrangiandescribestheseeffectsqualitatively very well. In particularit is seenthat no unwantedGoldstonebosonsappearand the etaparticleowesa large fractionof its massto instantons. There is no needfor field configurationswith fractionalwinding numbersandit is explainedhow a spuriousU( 1) symmetry thatremainsin QCD evenafter introducing instantons, doesnot affect theseresults. Single ordersfor thisissue PHYSICSREPORTS(Review Section of PhysicsLetters)142, No. 6 (1986) 357—387. Copies of this issue may be obtainedat theprice givenbelow. All ordersshouldbe sentdirectly to the Publisher.Ordersmust be accompaniedby check. Single issue price Dfl.22. 00,postageincluded. 0370-1573/86! $10.85 © ElsevierSciencePublishersB . V. (North-HollandPhysicsPublishingDivision) HOW INSTANTONS SOLVE THE U(1) PROBLEM
High Dynamic Range Imaging-Documentation for Tone Reproduction Operators

This documentation pertains to the source code and binaries available on the DVDROM that accompanies the book “High Dynamic Range Imaging” [20]. Before compiling or using this code, please refer to the licence information contained in the licence.txt file. In the following section, the procedure for compiling and installing the source is explained. The general use of all operators is detailed in Section 3, while operatorspecific command-line flags are explained for each operator in the remaining sections.
Regularized (bridge) logistic regression for variable selection based on ROC criterion

It is well known that the bridge regression (with tuning parameter less or equal to 1) gives asymptotically unbiased estimates of the nonzero regression parameters while shrinking smaller regression parameters to zero to achieve variable selection. Despite advances in the last several decades in developing such regularized regression models, issues regarding the choice of penalty parameter and the computational methods for models fitting with parameter constraints even for bridge linear regression are still not resolved. In this article, we first propose a new criterion based on an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) to choose the appropriate penalty parameter as opposed to the conventional generalized cross–validation criterion. The model selected by the AUC criterion is shown to have better predictive accuracy while achieving sparsity simultaneously. We then approach the problem from a constrained parameter model and develop a fast minorization-maximization (MM) algorithm for non-linear optimization with positivity constraints for model fitting. This algorithm is further applied to bridge regression where the regression coefficients are constrained with p-norm with the level of p selected by data for binary responses. Examples of prognostic factors and gene selection are presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Two Evolutionary Metaheuristics For The Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows

AbstractThe vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is an extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem with a central depot. The objective is to design an optimal set of routes that services all customers and satisfies the given constraints, especially the time window constraints. The objective function considered here combines the minimization of the number of vehicles (primary criterion) and the total travel distance minimization (secondary criterion). In this paper, two evolution strategies for solving the VRPTW are proposed. The evolution strategies were tested on 58 problems from the literature with sizes varying from 100 to 417 customers and 2 to 54 vehicles. The generated new best known solutions indicate that evolution strategies are effective in reducing both the number of vehicles and the total travel distance
Partial Decoding for Synchronous and Asynchronous Gaussian Multiple Relay Channels

Relaying diversity is a key technology to increase capacity in wireless networks. In this paper, the capacity of a single source-destination wireless channel, aided by a set of N potential relays, is studied. For such a link (analyzed under full- duplex and half-duplex constraint), we derive a capacity upper bound based upon the max-flow-min-cut theorem stated by Cover in [1]. Furthermore, a lower bound is proposed considering the achievable with partial decoding at the relay nodes. To maximize the later, optimum relay selection is carried out. Both bounds are then applied to Gaussian channels with channel knowledge at both transmitter and receiver sides, and two synchronization modes are addressed: the synchronous mode, where relays perform coherent beamforming, and the asynchronous mode. Results show that, surprisingly, partial decoding is more spectrally efficient for the half-duplex scheme, becoming the capacity achieving technique for low number of relays.
Metal-Enriched Gaseous Halos around Distant Radio Galaxies: Clues to Feedback in Galaxy Formation

We present the results of an optical and near-IR spectroscopic study of giant nebular emission-line halos associated with three z > 3 radio galaxies, 4C 41.17, 4C 60.07, and B2 0902+34. Previous deep narrowband Lyα imaging revealed complex morphologies with sizes up to 100 kpc, possibly connected to outflows and AGN feedback from the central regions. The outer regions of these halos show quiet kinematics with typical velocity dispersions of a few hundred km s-1 and velocity shears that can mostly be interpreted as being due to rotation. The inner regions show shocked cocoons of gas closely associated with the radio lobes. These display disturbed kinematics and have expansion velocities and/or velocity dispersions >1000 km s-1. The core region is chemically evolved, and we also find spectroscopic evidence for the ejection of enriched material in 4C 41.17 up to a distance of ≈60 kpc along the radio axis. The dynamical structures traced in the Lyα line are, in most cases, closely echoed in the carbon and oxygen lines. This shows that the Lyα line is produced in a highly clumped medium of small filling factor and can therefore be used as a tracer of the dynamics of high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs). We conclude that these HzRGs are undergoing a final jet-induced phase of star formation with ejection of most of their interstellar medium before becoming "red and dead" elliptical galaxies.
Developing Rule-Based Applications for the Web: Methodologies and Tools

Embedding rules into Web applications, and distributed applications in general, seems to constitute a significant task in order to accommodate desired expressivity features in such environments. Various methodologies and reasoning modules have been proposed to manage rules and knowledge on the Web. The main objective of the chapter is to survey related work in this area and discuss relevant theories, methodologies and tools that can be used to develop rule-based applications for the Web. The chapter deals with both ways that have been formally defined for modeling a domain of interest: the first based on standard logics while the second one stemmed from the logic programming perspective. Furthermore, a comparative study that evaluates the reasoning engines and the various knowledge representation methodologies, focusing on rules, is presented.