Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus pUL96 Is Critical for the Stability of pp150-Associated Nucleocapsids

ABSTRACT Maturation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) initiates with nucleocapsids that egress from the nucleus and associate with a juxtanuclear cytoplasmic assembly compartment, where virion envelopment and release are orchestrated. Betaherpesvirus conserved proteins pp150 (encoded by UL32) and pUL96 are critical for HCMV growth in cell culture. pp150 is a capsid-proximal tegument protein that preserves the integrity of nucleocapsids during maturation. pUL96, although expressed as an early protein, acts late during virus maturation, similar to pp150, based on the comparable antigen distribution in UL96, UL32, or UL96/UL32 dual mutant virus-infected cells. pp150 associates with nuclear capsids prior to DNA encapsidation, whereas both pp150 and pUL96 associate with extracellular virus, suggesting that pUL96 is added after pp150. In the absence of pUL96, capsid egress from the nucleus continues; however, unlike wild-type virus infection, pp150 accumulates in the nuclear, as well as in the cytoplasmic, compartment. Ultrastructural evaluation of a UL96 conditional mutant revealed intact nuclear stages but aberrant nucleocapsids accumulating in the cytoplasm comparable to the known phenotype of UL32 mutant virus. In summary, pUL96 preserves the integrity of pp150-associated nucleocapsids during translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Towards Preserving Worker Location Privacy in Spatial Crowdsourcing

Spatial Crowdsourcing (SC) nowadays has become a popular research topic studying how to outsource a set of spatial-temporal tasks to workers at specific locations. However, there exists a significant security concern: existing location privacy techniques are not applicable to SC. In this paper, we focus on protecting the worker location privacy against the semi-honest adversaries model while preserving the functionality of SC system. By introducing a semi-honest third party and using additive homomorphic encryption, we present a secure task assignment protocol for SC. More specifically, we propose an efficient protocol to securely compute the worker travel cost and select minimum cost worker in the encrypted domain, which reveals nothing about location privacy. We theoretically analyze that our protocol is secure as all encrypted private data are computationally indistinguishable. Extensive experimental results on real-world and synthetic datasets show that the proposed protocol can protect worker location privacy while keeping high task assignment rate.
Quality in metadata: a schema for e-commerce

Purpose – An issue of increased interest in metadata research concerns finding ways to store, in the metadata of an information resource, data regarding the resource's quality. The purpose of this paper is to present a metadata schema that facilitates representation and storage of data related to the quality of an e‐commerce resource, the e‐commerce evaluation metadata (ECEM) schema.Design/methodology/approach – A study of quality approaches that can be applied for the evaluation of e‐commerce resources is provided. The ECEM schema structure and elements are described. To demonstrate how ECEM can be used, two indicative examples are given: describing an e‐commerce quality approach, and storing quality evaluation results. A discussion about the validation and implementation of ECEM is also provided.Findings – It has been demonstrated that ECEM can be effectively used to describe e‐commerce quality approaches. ECEM also facilitates the structured representation and storage of quality evaluation results. It .
Camera Self-Calibration Based on Nonlinear Optimization and Applications in Surveillance Systems

This paper presents a new approach for self-calibration of static cameras in the context of surveillance applications. Initially, a pedestrian detector is applied and the responses are validated using background removal. Then, foreground-related pixels within the detection results are used to estimate the feet-head line segments of each person (called poles), which are used to find a linear estimate for the camera matrix. Finally, a nonlinear cost function is used to refine the initial estimate, aiming to mostly improve the orientation of the reprojected poles. We also present different applications of self-calibration in tasks related to video surveillance itself, such as improvements to pedestrian detection and tracking algorithms, and augmented reality applications, such as the insertion of virtual cameras to aid the placement of real cameras in the scene.
Macrophage activation associated with persistent cytomegalovirus infection causes more severe experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV)

The neovascular (wet) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to vision loss due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Since macrophages are important in CNV development, and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgG serum titers in patients with wet AMD are elevated, we hypothesized that chronic CMV infection contributes to wet AMD, possibly by pro-angiogenic macrophage activation. This hypothesis was tested using an established mouse model of experimental CNV. At 6 days, 6 weeks, or 12 weeks after infection with murine CMV (MCMV), laser-induced CNV was performed, and CNV severity was determined 4 weeks later by analysis of choroidal flatmounts. Although all MCMV-infected mice exhibited more severe CNV when compared with control mice, the most severe CNV developed in mice with chronic infection, a time when MCMV-specific gene sequences could not be detected within choroidal tissues. Splenic macrophages collected from mice with chronic MCMV infection, however, expressed significantly greater levels of TNF-a, COX-2, MMP-9, and, most significantly, VEGF transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR assay when compared to splenic macrophages from control mice. Direct MCMV infection of monolayers of IC-21 mouse macrophages confirmed significant stimulation of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein as determined by quantitative RT-PCR assay, ELISA, and immunostaining. Stimulation of VEGF production in vivo and in vitro was sensitive to the antiviral ganciclovir. These studies suggest that chronic CMV infection may serve as a heretofore unrecognized risk factor in the pathogenesis of wet AMD. One mechanism by which chronic CMV infection might promote increased CNV severity is via stimulation of macrophages to make pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF), an outcome that requires active virus replication. Citation: Cousins SW, Espinosa-Heidmann DG, Miller DM, Pereira-Simon S, Hernandez EP, et al. (2012) Macrophage Activation Associated with Chronic Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Results in More Severe Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization. PLoS Pathog 8(4): e1002671. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat. 1002671 Editor: Chris A. Benedict, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, United States of America Received August 11, 2011; Accepted March 14, 2012; Published April 26, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Cousins et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Supported by NIH Grant EY/AI 013318 (SWC), NIH Grant EY 010568 (RDD), Core Grant NIH P30 EY06360, and Fight for Sight. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: rdix@gsu.edu " These authors are joint senior authors on this work.
High-Frequency Modeling of the Long-Cable-Fed Induction Motor Drive System Using TLM Approach for Predicting Overvoltage Transients

Induction motor drive systems fed with cables are widely used in many industrial applications. Accurate prediction of motor terminal overvoltage, caused by impedance mismatch between the long cable and the motor, plays an important role for motor dielectric insulation and optimal design of dv/dt filters. In this paper, a novel modeling methodology for the investigation of long-cable-fed induction motor drive overvoltage is proposed. An improved high-frequency motor equivalent circuit model is developed to represent the motor high-frequency behavior for the time- and frequency-domain analyses. The motor equivalent circuit parameters for the differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) are extracted based on the measurements. A high-frequency cable model based on improved high-order multiple-π sections is proposed. The cable model parameters are identified from the DM impedances in open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC). To obtain a computationally efficient solution that could potentially be integrated with the motor drive controller, the system equations are discretized and solved using transmission-line modeling (TLM) approach. The proposed methodology is verified on an experimental 2.2-kW ABB motor drive benchmark system. The motor overvoltage transients predicted by the proposed model is in excellent agreement with the experimental results and represents a significant improvement compared with the conventional models.
Simple Formulas for Area Coverage Probability of Cellular Wireless Networks

Reudink's formula which describes the relationship between cell edge coverage probability and cell area coverage probability is routinely used in link budgets for cellular wireless network dimensioning and designs. A major drawback of this formula is that the effect of handoffs in the cellular network is not taken into account. The formulas derived in this paper overcome this drawback. The new formulas take into account the correlation between two fading handoff links, and allow the shadow fading standard deviations and the RF propagation loss exponents to be different for the two fading handoff paths. In addition, the formulas also allow the correlation between the handoff links to vary as a function of the distance between the mobile and the base stations. These new formulas are easily implemented in a spreadsheet since they are all represented as an integral of an explicit smooth function on the interval [0,1]. The importance and the necessity of the new formulas are demonstrated by applying them to some typical RF design scenarios and show that the widely used link margins in today's RF designs are too optimistic by more than one dB.
Coupled iterated map models of action potential dynamics in a one-dimensional cable of cardiac cells

Low-dimensional iterated map models have been widely used to study action potential dynamics in isolated cardiac cells. Coupled iterated map models have also been widely used to investigate action potential propagation dynamics in one-dimensional (1D) coupled cardiac cells, however, these models are usually empirical and not carefully validated. In this study, we first developed two coupled iterated map models which are the standard forms of diffusively coupled maps and overcome the limitations of the previous models. We then determined the coupling strength and space constant by quantitatively comparing the 1D action potential duration profile from the coupled cardiac cell model described by differential equations with that of the coupled iterated map models. To further validate the coupled iterated map models, we compared the stability conditions of the spatially uniform state of the coupled iterated maps and those of the 1D ionic model and showed that the coupled iterated map model could well recapitulate the stability conditions, i.e. the spatially uniform state is stable unless the state is chaotic. Finally, we combined conduction into the developed coupled iterated map model to study the effects of coupling strength on wave stabilities and showed that the diffusive coupling between cardiac cells tends to suppress instabilities during reentry in a 1D ring and the onset of discordant alternans in a periodically paced 1D cable.
Information extraction method and its application in Chinese equipment technical manual based on rule-matching

Technical manual is vital source of fault diagnosis and maintenance knowledge. To deal with the mass of manual text, which influence the speed of knowledge acquisition, and then effect the diagnostic efficiency, this paper proposes a method for extracting information of Chinese technical manual text based on rule-matching. With the help of domain ontology and syntactic analysis, extracting rules could be established to extract manual text information, and reasoning algorithm based on hierarchical directed graph is built to assist the fault diagnosis. The information extraction method presented in this paper can supply knowledge to maintenance staff and help to diagnose the fault automatically.
Molecular organization and timing of Wnt1 expression define cohorts of midbrain dopamine neuron progenitors in vivo

Midbrain dopamine (MbDA) neurons are functionally heterogeneous and modulate complex functions through precisely organized anatomical groups. MbDA neurons are generated from Wnt1‐expressing progenitors located in the ventral mesencephalon (vMes) during embryogenesis. However, it is unclear whether the progenitor pool is partitioned into distinct cohorts based on molecular identity and whether the timing of gene expression uniquely identifies subtypes of MbDA neurons. In this study we show that Wnt1‐expressing MbDA progenitors from embryonic day (E)8.5–12.5 have dynamic molecular identities that correlate with specific spatial locations in the vMes. We also tested the hypothesis that the timing of Wnt1 expression in progenitors is related to the distribution of anatomically distinct cohorts of adult MbDA neurons using genetic inducible fate mapping (GIFM). We demonstrate that the Wnt1 lineage contributes to specific cohorts of MbDA neurons during a 7‐day epoch and that the contribution to MbDA neurons predominates over other ventral Mb domains. In addition, we show that calbindin‐, GIRK2‐, and calretinin‐expressing MbDA neuron subtypes are derived from Wnt1‐expressing progenitors marked over a broad temporal window. Through GIFM and quantitative analysis we demonstrate that the Wnt1 lineage does not undergo progressive lineage restriction, which eliminates a restricted competence model of generating MbDA diversity. Interestingly, we uncover that two significant peaks of Wnt1 lineage contribution to MbDA neurons occur at E9.5 and E11.5. Collectively, our findings delineate the temporal window of MbDA neuron generation and show that lineage and timing predicts the terminal distribution pattern of MbDA neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2978–3000, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin

The saturated hydrocarbons ethane (C2H6) and methane (CH4) along with carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O) were detected in comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake with the use of high-resolution infrared spectroscopy at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The inferred production rates of molecular gases from the icy, cometary nucleus (in molecules per second) are 6.4 × 1026 for C2H6, 1.2 × 1027 for CH4, 9.8 × 1027 for CO, and 1.7 × 1029 for H2O. An abundance of C2H6 comparable to that of CH4 implies that ices in C/1996 B2 Hyakutake did not originate in a thermochemically equilibrated region of the solar nebula. The abundances are consistent with a kinetically controlled production process, but production of C2H6 by gas-phase ion molecule reactions in the natal cloud core is energetically forbidden. The high C2H6/CH4 ratio is consistent with production of C2H6 in icy grain mantles in the natal cloud, either by photolysis of CH4-rich ice or by hydrogen-addition reactions to acetylene condensed from the gas phase.
Novel Rhodobacter capsulatus genes required for the biogenesis of various c‐type cytochromes

Following chemical mutagenesis and screening for the inability to grow by photosynthesis and the absence of cyt cbb3 oxidase activity, two c‐type cytochrome (cyt)‐deficient mutants, 771 and K2, of Rhodobacter capsulatus were isolated. Both mutants were completely deficient in all known c‐type cyts, and could not be complemented by the previously known cyt c biogenesis genes of R. capsulatus. Complementation of 771 and K2 with a wild‐type chromosomal library led to the identification of two novel genes, cycJ and ccdA respectively. The cycJ is highly homologous to ccmE/cycJ, encountered in various Gram‐negative species. Unlike in other species, where cycJ is a part of an operon essential for cyt c biogenesis, in R. capsulatus, it is located immediately downstream from argC, involved in arginine biosynthesis. Mutation of its universally conserved histidine residue, which is critical for its proposed haem chaperoning role, to an alanine led to loss of its function. All R. capsulatus cycJ mutants studied so far excrete copious amounts of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin when grown on enriched media, suggesting that its product is also a component of the haem delivery branch of cyt c biogenesis in this species. In contrast, the R. capsulatus ccdA was homologous to the cyt c biogenesis gene ccdA, found in the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and to the central region of dipZ, encoding a protein disulphide reductase required for cyt c biogenesis in Escherichia coli. Membrane topology of CcdA was established in R. capsulatus using ccdA ::phoA and ccdA ::lacZ gene fusions. The deduced topology revealed that the two conserved cysteine residues of CcdA are, as predicted, membrane embedded. Mutagenesis of these cysteines showed that both are required for the function of CcdA in cyt c biogenesis. This study demonstrated for the first time that CcdA homologues are also required for cyt c biogenesis in some Gram‐negative bacteria such as R. capsulatus.
Habitat heterogeneity and mammalian predator–prey interactions

In predator-prey theory, habitat heterogeneity can affect the relationship between kill rates and prey or predator density through its effect on the predator's ability to search for, encounter, kill and consume its prey. Many studies of predator- prey interactions include the effect of spatial heterogeneity, but these are mostly based on species with restricted mobility or conducted in experimental settings. 2. Here, we aim to identify the patterns through which spatial heterogeneity affects predator-prey dynamics and to review the literature on the effect of spatial hetero- geneity on predator-prey interactions in terrestrial mammalian systems, i.e. in freely moving species with high mobility, in non-experimental settings. We also review current methodologies that allow the study of the predation process within a spatial context. 3. When the functional response includes the effect of spatial heterogeneity, it usually takes the form of predator-dependent or ratio-dependent models and has wide applicability. 4. The analysis of the predation process through its different stages may further contribute towards identifying the spatial scale of interest and the specific spatial mechanism affecting predator-prey interactions. 5. Analyzing the predation process based on the functional response theory, but separating the stages of predation and applying a multiscale approach, is likely to
New Bracteate Finds from Early Anglo-Saxon England

Abstract The Number of bracteate finds from early Anglo-Saxon England has increased substantially in recent years. A catalogue draws together for the first time all the finds since 1993 and one, possibly two, dies with bracteate motifs. This leads to a review of their find circumstances, distribution and their stylistic and iconographical links with continental and Scandinavian bracteates. The outcome is a revised picture of the function and meaning of bracteates in Anglo-Saxon society, with the suggestion that the English adopted the idea for these pendants from Sievern in Germany but adapted the concept and iconography for local manufacture. In Kent use links to high-status female burials but outside Kent ritual deposition is also a possibility.
Textual navigation and autocorrelation

Much work in the field of quantitative text processing and analysis has adopted one of two distinct symbolic representations: in the so-called bag-of-words model, text is conceived as an urn from which units (typically words) are independently drawn according to a specified probability distribution; alternatively, the sequential model describes text as a categorical time series, where each unit type occurs with a probability that depends, to some extent, on the context of occurrence. The present contribution pursues two related goals. First, it aims to generalise the standard sequential model of text by decoupling the order in which units occur from the order in which they are read. The latter can be represented by a Markov transition matrix between positions in the text, which makes it possible to account for a variety of ways of navigating the text, including in particular nonlinear and non-deterministic ones. Markov transitions thus define textual neighbourhoods as well as positional weights – the stationary distribution or prominence of textual positions. Building on the notion of textual neighbourhood, the second goal of this contribution is to introduce a unified framework for textual autocorrelation, namely the tendency for neighbouring positions to be more (or less) similar than randomly chosen positions with respect to some observable property – for instance whether the same unit types tend to occur, or units of similar length, or consisting of similar sub-units, and so on. Inspired from spatial analysis (see e.g. Cressie 1991; Anselin 1995; Bavaud 2013), this approach relates the above mentioned transition matrix (specifying neighbourhoodness) with a second matrix specifying the dissimilarity between textual positions. The remainder of this contribution is organised as follows. Section 2 introduces the foundations of the proposed formalism and illustrates them with toy examples. Section 3 presents several case studies intended to show how the formalism and some of its extensions apply to more realistic research problems involving, among others, morphosyntactic and semantic dissimilarities computed in literary or hypertextual documents. Conclusion briefly summarises the key ideas introduced in this contribution.
Common cause failures modelling by means of coloured Petri nets for dependability assessment of a control system of nuclear power plant

This paper presents an approach to assess the effects of common cause failures (CCF) on dependability of digital systems. Independent failures of system components and partial or lethal shocks are considered in a global CCF model, the Atwood model. The Coloured Petri nets (CPN) are used to modelize the digital system and the common cause failures. Based on the CPN, the parameters of Atwood model are estimated analytically and by Monte-Carlo simulation. Thereafter, the Atwood model of CCF is modified in order to represent the dominant failures propagation on some system components in the case of partial shocks. The assessment of system dependability, in the presence of CCF failures, becomes possible. This approach is applied to a representative instrumentation and control system of a nuclear power plant. The system is large with a high level of redundancy.