Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the detectability of rotor faults and eccentricities in induction motors via transient analysis of the stray flux

The stray flux that is present in the vicinity of an induction motor is a very interesting information source to detect several types of failures in these machines. The analysis of this quantity can be employed, in some cases, as a supportive tool to complement the diagnosis provided by other quantities. In other cases, when no other motor quantities are available, stray flux analysis can become one of the few alternatives to evaluate the motor condition. Its non-invasive nature, low cost and easy implementation makes it a very interesting option that requires further investigation. On the other hand, the analysis of transient quantities has been proven to be very useful for overcoming certain deficiencies of the classical steady-state-based methods while providing a reliable diagnosis of some failures. The basic idea of the transient analysis is to detect ‘patterns’ or ‘signatures’ caused by the transient evolutions of fault components by means of applying sophisticated signal processing tools. The aim of this work is to evaluate the suitability of the stray flux analysis during the startup transient as a way to detect certain faults in induction motors (broken rotor bars and eccentricities), even when these faults coexist in the motor. To this end, advanced signal processing tools will be applied. Several positions of the flux sensors are considered in this study. Also, for the first time, a fault indicator based on startup stray flux analysis is introduced and its sensitivity is compared versus other indicators relying on other quantities. It must be emphasized that, since the capture of the transient and steady-state flux signals can be carried out in the same measurement, the application of the approach presented in this work is straightforward and its derived information may become crucial for the diagnosis of some faults.
A Comparison of Epidural Levobupivacaine 0.5% With or Without Epinephrine for Lumbar Spine Surgery

Levobupivacaine, the S(−) isomer of bupivacaine, is less cardiotoxic than racemic bupivacaine. In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of epidural anesthesia, we compared the onset, extent, and duration of sensory and motor blockade produced by plain 0.5% levobupivacaine (15 mL, 75 mg) with that of 0.5% levobupivacaine with the addition of 1:400,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine in 117 patients undergoing elective spine surgery. The time to onset of adequate sensory block (T10 dermatome) was similar in all groups (12.4 ± 6.6 min for plain levobupivacaine, 13.9 ± 7.9 min for levobupivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine, and 12.7 ± 4.9 min for levobupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine), with an average peak block height of T5. Time to complete regression of sensory blockade was also similar between groups (357 ± 119 min for plain levobupivacaine, 378 ± 98 min for levobupivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine, and 348 ± 80 min for levobupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine). Peak serum levobupivacaine levels were reduced in each of the epinephrine-containing groups. We conclude that 0.5% levobupivacaine with or without 1:200,000 or 1:400,000 epinephrine produced effective epidural anesthesia in patients having lumbar spine surgery. Epinephrine 1:400,000 is as effective as 1:200,000 in reducing the resultant serum levobupivacaine levels after epidural anesthesia.
Embryogenesis and laboratory maintenance of the foam‐nesting túngara frogs, genus Engystomops (= Physalaemus)

The vast majority of embryological research on amphibians focuses on just a single genus of frogs, Xenopus. To attain a more comprehensive understanding of amphibian development, experimentation on non‐model frogs will be essential. Here, we report on the early development, rearing, and embryological analysis of túngara frogs (genus Engystomops, also called Physalaemus). The frogs Engystomops pustulosus, Engystomops coloradorum, and Engystomops randi construct floating foam‐nests with small eggs. We define a table of 23 stages for the developmental period in the foam‐nest. Embryos were immunostained against Lim1, neural, and somite‐specific proteins and the expression pattern of RetinoBlastoma Binding Protein 6 (RBBP6) was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Due to their brief life‐cycle, frogs belonging to the genus Engystomops are attractive for comparative and genetic studies of development. Developmental Dynamics 238:1444–1454, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival and Development of Left-behind Children in Rural China:Based on the Analysis of Sixth Census Data

Using China’s 2010 Census data,this paper provides an estimate of the number,structure and regional distribution of the left-behind children in rural China,with a focus on their education and family care.Information and conclusions from this paper will provide important information on the basic situation of left-behind children’s survival and development.
IL-17 Mobilizes Peripheral Blood Stem Cells with Short- and Long-Term Repopulating Ability in Mice1

Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantations have evolved as important cancer therapy modalities. For both indications, peripheral blood has been shown to have distinct advantages over bone marrow as the stem cell source. Cytokine combinations for mobilization have enhanced stem cell yield and accelerated engraftment. However, novel mobilizing agents and strategies are needed to further improve clinical outcomes. Within the donor graft, the dynamic equilibrium between T cells and stem cells critically influences engraftment and transplantation results. IL-17 is a cytokine produced almost exclusively from activated T cells. IL-17 was expressed in vivo with adenovirus technology. Here, proof-of-principle studies demonstrate that IL-17 effectively mobilizes hemopoietic precursor cells (CFU-granulocyte-erythrocyte-macrophage-monocyte, CFU-high proliferative potential) and primitive hemopoietic stem cells (Lin−/lowc-kit+Sca1+). Moreover, mouse IL-17 adenovirus-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells rescued lethally irradiated mice. Bone marrow was found to be 45–75% of donor origin at 1 year. In secondary recipients, donor-derived bone marrow cells ranged from 45 to 95%. These data show that IL-17 mobilizes stem cells in mice with short- and long-term reconstituting capacity. Additional comparative studies are needed as well as studies in tumor models to refine distinct potential clinical applications for IL-17-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells.
The Greenhouse Theory of Climate Change: A Test by an Inadvertent Global Experiment

Since the dawn of the industrial era, the atmospheric concentrations of several radiatively active gases have been increasing as a result of human activities. The radiative heating from this inadvertent experiment has driven the climate system out of equilibrium with the incoming solar energy. According to the greenhouse theory of climate change, the climate system will be restored to equilibrium by a warming of the surfacetroposphere system and a cooling of the stratosphere. The predicted changes, during the next few decades, could far exceed natural climate variations in historical times. Hence, the greenhouse theory of climate change has reached the crucial stage of verification. Surface warming as large as that predicted by models would be unprecedented during an interglacial period such as the present. The theory, its scope for verification, and the emerging complexities of the climate feedback mechanisms are discussed.
Thalamic burst patterns in the naturally sleeping cat: a comparison between cortically projecting and reticularis neurones.

Unit discharges were extracellularly recorded from antidromically identified thalamocortical neurones of ventralis lateralis (v.l.) and centralis lateralis (c.l.) nuclei as well as from reticularis thalami (re.) neurones during wakefulness and electroencephalogram‐synchronized sleep of the behaving cat. Various parameters of sleep‐related discharge bursts were analysed. Statistical analyses revealed striking similarities between motor relay (v.l.) and intralaminar (c.l.) neurones. More than 60% of bursts consist of three to five spikes at 250‐400 Hz. The defining feature of bursts in all cortically projecting neurones is a progressive increase in the duration of successive interspike intervals. As in thalamocortical cells, all re. neurones change their tonic discharges in waking to bursting firing in sleep, regardless of the increased or decreased firing rates from wake to sleep in individual neurones. The bursts of re. neurones are essentially different from those of thalamocortical cells. In re. neurones, burst structure consists of an initial progressive decrease in duration of interspike intervals, followed by an increase in duration of successive intervals, eventually leading to a long‐lasting tonic spike train at about 100 Hz. In contrast with bursts of thalamocortical neurones, only 6% of re. bursts are shorter than 50 ms; the total duration of the burst extends between 50 ms and 1.5 s. Population periburst histograms show the beginning of a decline in firing probability about 1.5 s prior to burst onset and an increased firing probability persisting for 300‐350 ms after burst onset. The different electrophysiological properties underlying the burst structure of cat's thalamocortical and re. neurones are discussed, with emphasis on dissimilar aspects of re. bursts in unanaesthetized and barbituratized preparations. Various factors that may account for the transition from tonic mode in waking to bursting mode in sleep are envisaged.
Temporal and Spatial Expansion of Urban LOD for Solving Illegally Parked Bicycles in Tokyo

The illegal parking of bicycles is a serious urban problem in Tokyo. The purpose of this study was to sustainably build Linked Open Data (LOD) to assist in solving the problem of illegally parked bicycles (IPBs) by raising social awareness, in cooperation with the Office for Youth Affairs and Public Safety of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Tokyo Bureau). We first extracted information on the problem factors and designed LOD schema for IPBs. Then we collected pieces of data from the Social Networking Service (SNS) and the websites of municipalities to build the illegally parked bicycle LOD (IPBLOD) with more than 200,000 triples. We then estimated the temporal missing data in the LOD based on the causal relations from the problem factors and estimated spatial missing data based on geospatial features. As a result, the number of IPBs can be inferred with about 70% accuracy, and places where bicycles might be illegally parked are estimated with about 31% accuracy. Then we published the complemented LOD and a Web application to visualize the distribution of IPBs in the city. Finally, we applied IPBLOD to large social activity in order to raise social awareness of the IPB issues and to remove IPBs, in cooperation with the Tokyo Bureau. key words: linked open data, urban problems, illegally parked bicycles
Impacts of nonrectangular fin cross section on the electrical characteristics of FinFET

The effects of nonrectangular fin cross section of double-gate FinFETs are studied. For a given top-fin width, which is defined by the photolithography step, the short-channel effect immunity is degraded by the inclination of the sidewalls. The nonrectangular fin geometry also leads to nonuniform current flow and current crowding in the vertical direction. Together with the nonuniform series resistance along the height of the fin, a nonlinear dependence of on-current with fin heights (which have been regarded as the Ws in planar MOSFET) is observed. The impacts of nonvertical sidewall have been characterized according to the inclination angle in this work. Under different inclination angles as dictated by the processing technology, the device performances at various fin heights are characterized. A new design constraint that limits the choice of fin height for a given technology is also discussed.
The effect of adjuvant vitamin C after varicocele surgery on sperm quality and quantity in infertile men: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial

Varicocele is one of the most common causes of male infertility and spontaneous pregnancy rate after varicocelectomy is only about 30%. The most important seminal antioxidant is vitamin C but recent studies about the effects of vitamin C on spermatogenesis are controversial; therefore, we decided to evaluate its role after varicocelectomy. In a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 115 men with infertility and clinical varicocele with abnormal semen analyses were recruited. After surgery, the intervention group received vitamin C (250 mg bid) and the control group received placebo for three months. Mean sperm count, motility, and morphology index of two semen analyses (before and after surgery) were compared between the two groups. Univariate general linear model and stepwise linear regression were used in analysis. The mean age (±SD) of participants was 27.6±5.3 years. Vitamin C group had statistically significant better normal motility (20.8 vs. 12.6, P=0.041) and morphology (23.2 vs. 10.5, P<0.001) than placebo group. Considering the values prior to surgery as covariate, vitamin C was not effective on sperm count (P=0.091); but it improved sperm motility (P=0.016) and morphology (P<0.001) even after excluding the confounding effect of age (P=0.044 and P=0.001, respectively). Vitamin C was also an independent factor in predicting motility and normal morphology after surgery. Ascorbic acid can play a role as adjuvant treatment after varicocelectomy in infertile men.
Evidence for Multiple Activators for Stress-activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun Amino-terminal Kinases.

Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) or c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs), which belong to a subgroup of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, are activated in response to a variety of stresses in mammalian cells. An activity to activate a recombinant rat SAPKα was detected in extracts obtained from rat fibroblastic 3Y1 cells exposed to hyperosmolar media and was resolved into unadsorbed and adsorbed fractions on Q-Sepharose chromatography. The adsorbed activity was identified as XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 by using several anti-XMEK2 antibodies. Thus, a 45-kDa protein that was recognized specifically by these anti-XMEK2 antibodies co-eluted with the SAPKα activating activity during chromatography on Q-Sepharose and Superose 6, and the activity could be immunoprecipitated by the antibodies from these fractions. The unadsorbed activity, whose level was much greater than that of the adsorbed activity, did not contain XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 and was also activated in a time-dependent manner by osmotic shock. This activity was further resolved into several peaks during chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and hydroxylapatite. Most of these peaks eluted separately from major peaks of a kinase activity toward p38/MPK2, another subgroup of the MAPK superfamily, whereas the activated XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 could phosphorylate p38/MPK2 efficiently. These results indicate the existence of multiple activators for SAPK/JNK; one is XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4, and the others are previously undescribed factors.
A DSP-based single-stage maximum power point tracking PV inverter

This paper presents the design and implementation of a DSP-based single-stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter system which can extract maximum power from solar panel. A perturbation and observation (P&O) method is realized and cooperated with a digital unipolar voltage switching sinusoidal pulse width modulation. The studied single-stage topology provides the benefits of low cost, simple configuration and good overall efficiency compared with the conventional two-stage structure. Moreover, this paper also presents a new current sensing technique for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance the system flexibility and MPPT accuracy. A prototype system is implemented and tested. The experimental results are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein: Another mechanism for drug‐induced steatosis in mice

Although many steatogenic drugs inhibit mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation, limited information is available on possible effects on hepatic lipoprotein secretion. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) lipidates apolipoprotein B (Apo B), to form triglyceride (TG)‐rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, which follow vesicular flow to the plasma membrane to be secreted, whereas incompletely lipidated Apo B particles are partly degraded. We studied hepatic MTP activity, the lipoproteins present in the ER lumen, and hepatic lipoprotein secretion 4 hours after administration of a single dose of amineptine (1 mmol/kg), amiodarone (1 mmol/kg), doxycycline (0.25 mmol/kg), tetracycline (0.25 mmol/kg), tianeptine (0.5 mmol/kg), or pirprofen (2 mmol/kg) in mice. These various doses have been shown previously to markedly inhibit fatty acid oxidation after a single dose, and to trigger steatosis either after repeated doses (doxycycline) or a single dose (other compounds) in mice. In the present study, amineptine, amiodarone, pirprofen, tetracycline, and tianeptine, but not doxycycline, inhibited MTP activity in vitro, decreased ex vivo MTP activity in the hepatic homogenate of treated mice, decreased TG in the luminal VLDL fraction of hepatic microsomes of treated mice, and decreased in vivo hepatic lipoprotein secretion (TG and Apo B). In conclusion, several steatogenic drugs inhibit not only mitochondrial β‐oxidation, as previously shown, but also MTP activity, Apo B lipidation into TG‐rich VLDL particles, and hepatic lipoprotein secretion. Drugs with these dual effects may be more steatogenic than drugs acting only on β‐oxidation or only MTP.
Swine Influenza H1N1 Virus Induces Acute Inflammatory Immune Responses in Pig Lungs: a Potential Animal Model for Human H1N1 Influenza Virus

ABSTRACT Pigs are capable of generating reassortant influenza viruses of pandemic potential, as both the avian and mammalian influenza viruses can infect pig epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The source of the current influenza pandemic is H1N1 influenza A virus, possibly of swine origin. This study was conducted to understand better the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza virus and associated host mucosal immune responses during acute infection in humans. Therefore, we chose a H1N1 swine influenza virus, Sw/OH/24366/07 (SwIV), which has a history of transmission to humans. Clinically, inoculated pigs had nasal discharge and fever and shed virus through nasal secretions. Like pandemic H1N1, SwIV also replicated extensively in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and lung lesions were typical of H1N1 infection. We detected innate, proinflammatory, Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, as well as SwIV-specific IgA antibody in lungs of the virus-inoculated pigs. Production of IFN-γ by lymphocytes of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes was also detected. Higher frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, γδ T cells, dendritic cells, activated T cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected in SwIV-infected pig lungs. Concomitantly, higher frequencies of the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells were also detected in the virus-infected pig lungs. The findings of this study have relevance to pathogenesis of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in humans; thus, pigs may serve as a useful animal model to design and test effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus.
Use of chernoff faces to follow trends in laboratory data

Graphical representation of laboratory data speeds up recognition of abnormalities. The Chernoff face is an excellent tool to represent patient data; the human eye and mind are exquisitely sensitive to subtle changes in facial appearances and expression. One of the best uses of the faces is in illustrating trends in the data, particularly in acutely ill patients where many laboratory studies are performed. The faces are especially useful if comparisions to a former or normal state are made. A very brief examination of adjacent faces suffices to identify changes in laboratory data.
A mathematical model of BCR-ABL autophosphorylation, signaling through the CRKL pathway, and Gleevec dynamics in chronic myeloid leukemia

A mathematical model is presented that describes several signaling events that occur in cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, i.e. autophosphorylation of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein and subsequent signaling through the Crkl pathway. Dynamical effects of the drug STI-571 (Gleevec) on these events are examined, and a minimal concentration for drug effectiveness is predicted by simulation. Most importantly, the model suggests that, for cells in blast crisis, cellular drug clearance mechanisms such as drug efflux pumps dramatically reduce the effectiveness of Gleevec. This is a new prediction regarding the efficacy of Gleevec. In addition, it is speculated that these resistance mechanisms might be present from the onset of disease.
Switch-mode AC stabilized voltage supply based on PR controller

The dynamic characteristic of traditional controllers is not good enough especially when DC voltage sags or load changes abruptly. Plus, static error would be generated if the input is an AC signal. In this paper, PR controller is used to solve above problems. This article presents the transfer function of PR controller by theoretical analysis, At last, both simulation and experiment achieved the regulatory role by DSP demonstrate that PR controller can eliminate static error and has a good dynamic performance.
A talin fragment as an actin trap visualizing actin flow in chemotaxis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis.

A C-terminal 63-kDa fragment of talin A from Dictyostelium discoideum forms a slowly dissociating complex with F-actin in vitro. This talin fragment (TalC63) has been tagged with GFP and used as a trap for actin filaments in chemotactic cell movement, endocytosis, and mitotic cell division. TalC63 efficiently sequesters actin filaments in vivo. Its translocation reflects the direction and efficiency of an actin flow. Along the body of a migrating Dictyostelium cell, this flow is directed from the front to the tail. If during chemotaxis one or two new fronts are induced, the flow is always directed away from these fronts. The flow thus reflects the re-programming of cell polarity in response to changing gradients of chemoattractant. In endocytosis, the fluorescent complexes are translocated to the base of a phagocytic or macropinocytic cup. During mitosis, the complexes of F-actin with TalC63 accumulate within the midzone of anaphase cells. If TalC63 is strongly expressed, the entire cleavage furrow is filled out by sequestered actin filaments, and cytokinesis is severely impaired. These cells are considered to mimic the phenotype of mutants deficient in the shredding of actin filaments that normally occurs in the mid-zone of a dividing cell.
Incidence of pulmonary embolism: a comparison of two Australian hospitals

In this retrospective observational study, we noted that there were significantly more admissions at the public than the private hospital due to both a principal (1.87 vs 0.83 per 1000, P < 0.001) and secondary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) (3.10 vs 2.01 per 1000, P = 0.002), with no difference in mortality. There was a highly significant increase in secondary PE diagnoses at the private hospital (R2 = 0.68, β = 0.14, P = 0.003) over the study period. Despite disparate rates of PE between the two hospitals, there was no difference in mortality, suggesting there may be an element of overdiagnosis.