Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple linguistic processing effect on multi-label emotion classification

Emotion plays a significant role in human communications in our daily life. With progress in human-machine interface technology, recent research has placed more emphasis on the recognition of emotion reaction. Comparing to some other ideal experimental settings, blog posts online would be respond more to real-world events. And a huge resource of text-based emotion can be found from the World Wide Web nowadays. This paper reports a study to investigate the effectiveness of using SVM (Support Vector Machine) on linguistic features considering emotion keywords and negative words, and classify a collection of blog posts sentences tagged by one or more labels finally. Our results show that individual emotions can be clearly separated by the proposed approach. To the multi-label classification of emotion, it also obtained a higher accuracy rate than the baseline unigram approach using SVM.
The contribution of serum hepatitis B virus load in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from two meta-analyses

Background and Aim The meta-analysis aimed to quantify and summarize the contribution of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results Nine independent studies with a total of 1162 cases and 9365 participants on risk of HCC and seventeen studies with 1342 cases and 2891 participants on recurrence of HCC were finally included. The non-liner dose-response association between HBV DNA level and HCC risk was observed, with P value equal to 0.02 for linear test. Compared with 2 log10copies/ml HBV DNA level carriers, the summary relative risk of HCC were 1.65(95% CI: 0.94–2.92) for 4.5 log10copies/ml, 2.20(95% CI: 1.00–4.85) for 5.5 log10copies/ml, 3.06(95% CI: 1.11–8.44) for 6.5 log10copies/ml. Moreover, individuals with high viral load (HBV DNA levels > 105copies/ml) presented significant association with increased risk of HCC recurrence, with the pooled RR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.49–1.92). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of science databases up to January 2016 and by reviewing the references of retrieved articles. The dose-response meta-analysis was precisely performed to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) by quantizing the association between HBV load and risk of HCC. Besides, the contribution of HBV load on recurrence of HCC was further clarified by general meta-analysis. Conclusions These findings indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship between serum HBV DNA level and risk of HCC, and confirmed the significant contribution of serum HBV DNA level in the prognosis of HCC.
Numerical simulations to assess different rehabilitation strategies after ACL rupture in a skier.

OBJECTIVE In this study a numerical model of a skier was developed to investigate the effect of different rehabilitation strategies after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. METHODS A computer model using a combined finite-element and multibody approach was established. The model includes a detailed representation of the knee structures, as well as all major leg muscles. Using this model, different strategies after ACL rupture were analyzed. RESULTS The benefit of muscle training to compensate for a loss of the ACL was shown. The results indicate that an increase of 10% of the physiological cross-sectional area has a positive effect without subjecting other knee structures to critical loads. Simulating the use of a hamstring graft indicated increasing knee loads. A patellar-tendon graft resulted in an increase of the stress on the lateral collateral ligament. CONCLUSION Muscle training of both extensors and flexors is beneficial in medical rehabilitation of ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed knees.
A Review of the Method of Using the Scalp Electric Field in EEG Analysis

This paper reviews a recent method to study electroencephalogram (EEG) data involving a combination of the surface Laplacian and tangential electric field on the scalp. The method was applied to problems in EEG classification, where it was effective in improving results using data from a variety of experiments. The most relevant result was a 13.3% improvement on the average classification rate of a visual perception task involving nine different two-dimensional images. It also improved performance in language-comprehension and mental-imagery tasks. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Neural Entrainment to the Rhythmic Structure of Music

Abstract The neural resonance theory of musical meter explains musical beat tracking as the result of entrainment of neural oscillations to the beat frequency and its higher harmonics. This theory has gained empirical support from experiments using simple, abstract stimuli. However, to date there has been no empirical evidence for a role of neural entrainment in the perception of the beat of ecologically valid music. Here we presented participants with a single pop song with a superimposed bassoon sound. This stimulus was either lined up with the beat of the music or shifted away from the beat by 25% of the average interbeat interval. Both conditions elicited a neural response at the beat frequency. However, although the on-the-beat condition elicited a clear response at the first harmonic of the beat, this frequency was absent in the neural response to the off-the-beat condition. These results support a role for neural entrainment in tracking the metrical structure of real music and show that neural meter tracking can be disrupted by the presentation of contradictory rhythmic cues.
An open and inspectable learner modeling with a negotiation mechanism to solve cognitive conflicts in an intelligent tutoring system

Some researchers have developed relevant and diverse proposals for improving the content quality of the learner model in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, mainly reducing its uncertainty. Following this aim, this paper proposes an open learner modeling approach using Bayesian networks, focusing on negotiation mechanism to solve detected cognitive conflicts that can emerge when the learner inspects information of his model inferred by the system. Therefore, we addressed some issues concerning the provision of inspectable model and negotiated updating of this model. Its contribution lies in the fact that the learners attempt to change the learner model is met with a challenge, leading to a decision if the learner claims to know more (or less) than the model represents.
The Impact of Contact Tracing in Clustered Populations

The tracing of potentially infectious contacts has become an important part of the control strategy for many infectious diseases, from early cases of novel infections to endemic sexually transmitted infections. Here, we make use of mathematical models to consider the case of partner notification for sexually transmitted infection, however these models are sufficiently simple to allow more general conclusions to be drawn. We show that, when contact network structure is considered in addition to contact tracing, standard “mass action” models are generally inadequate. To consider the impact of mutual contacts (specifically clustering) we develop an improvement to existing pairwise network models, which we use to demonstrate that ceteris paribus, clustering improves the efficacy of contact tracing for a large region of parameter space. This result is sometimes reversed, however, for the case of highly effective contact tracing. We also develop stochastic simulations for comparison, using simple re-wiring methods that allow the generation of appropriate comparator networks. In this way we contribute to the general theory of network-based interventions against infectious disease.
Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Promotes Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of opportunistic respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and bronchitis. The persistence of NTHi in vivo is thought to involve bacterial persistence in a biofilm community. Therefore, there is a need for further definition of bacterial factors contributing to biofilm formation by NTHi. Like other bacteria inhabiting host mucosal surfaces, NTHi has on its surface a diverse array of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) that influence host-bacterial interactions. In this study, we show that LOS containing sialic (N-acetyl-neuraminic) acid promotes biofilm formation by NTHi in vitro and bacterial persistence within the middle ear or lung in vivo. LOS from NTHi in biofilms was sialylated, as determined by comparison of electrophoretic mobilities and immunochemical reactivities before and after neuraminidase treatment. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced in media lacking sialic acid, and a siaB (CMP-sialic acid synthetase) mutant was deficient in biofilm formation in three different in vitro model systems. The persistence of an asialylated siaB mutant was attenuated in a gerbil middle ear infection model system, as well as in a rat pulmonary challenge model system. These data show that sialylated LOS glycoforms promote biofilm formation by NTHi and persistence in vivo.
Dust in starburst nuclei and ULIRGs - SED models for observers

Aims. We provide a library of some 7000 SEDs for the nuclei of starburst and ultra luminous galaxies. Its purpose is to quickly ob tain estimates of the basic parameters, such as luminosity, size and dust or gas mass and to predict the flux at yet unobserved wavelengths . The procedure is simple and consists of finding an element in the library that m atches the observations. The objects may be in the local universe or at high z. Methods. We calculate the radiative transfer in spherical symmetry for a stellar cluster permeated by an interstellar medium with standard (Milky Way) dust properties. The cluster contains two stellar populations: old bulge stars and OB stars. Because the latter are young, a certain fraction of them will be embedded in compact clouds which constitute hot spots that determine the MIR fluxes. Results. We present SEDs for a broad range of luminosities, sizes and obscurations. We argue that the assumption of spherical symmetry and the neglect of clumpiness of the medium are not severe shortcomings for computing the dust emission. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by matching the SED of seven of the best studied galaxies, including M82 and Arp220, by library elements. In all cases, one finds an element which fits the observed SED very well, and the p arameters defining the element are in full accord with what is known about the galaxy from detailed studies. We also compare our method of computing SEDs with other techniques described in the literature.
The Effects of Variable Periods of Functional Deprivation on Olfactory Bulb Development in Rats

Dramatic alterations occur in the developing olfactory bulb when air flow is reduced through one-half of the nasal cavity. Naris closure on the day after the day of birth (P1) in rats, for example, results in reduced cell survival in the ipsilateral bulb by P20 and a substantial (25%) decrease in bulb size by P30. Almost immediate changes in protein synthesis and cell metabolism are also observed, and one prevalent theory suggests that these changes may be important in specifying which cells are subsequently eliminated. In the present study we used a reversible technique for unilateral naris closure to examine the sensitive period for the effects of olfactory deprivation on bulb size and cell survival. This technique involves the insertion of removable plugs into a rat pup's external naris. We occluded the naris for increasing periods of time (P1-P10, P1-P15, or P1-P20), reared all animals to P30, and measured volumes of bulb laminae. In addition, we examined the duration of naris closure needed to affect cell survival by injecting animals with the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine to label cells born soon after the onset of olfactory deprivation. Results indicate that relatively long periods of naris occlusion (P1-P15 or longer) are required to produce a substantial reduction in experimental bulb size. Cell survival was decreased following olfactory deprivation from P1 to P10, but not after deprivation from P1 to P3. These data support the hypothesis that changes that occur within 48 h of naris closure are not sufficient to affect cell survival.
B2B integration over the Internet with XML: RosettaNet successes and challenges

The practical experience of RosettaNet in using Web technologies for B2B integration illustrates the transformative power of Web technologies and also highlights challenges for the future. This paper provides an overview of RosettaNet technical standards and discusses the lessons learned from the standardization efforts, in particular, what works and what doesn't. This paper also describes the effort to increase automation of B2B software integration, and thereby to reduce cost.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression

In older adults, depression not only results in more years lived with disability than any other disease but it also carries additional risks of suicide, medical comorbidities, and family caregiving burden. Because it can take many months to identify an effective treatment regimen, it is of utmost importance to shorten the window of time and identify early on what medications and dosages will work effectively for individuals having depression. Late-life depression (LLD) has been associated with greater burden of age-related changes (eg, atrophy, white matter ischemic changes, and functional connectivity). Depression in midlife has been shown to alter affective reactivity and regulation, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in LLD have replicated the same abnormalities. Effective treatment can normalize these alterations. This article provides a review of the current literature using structural and functional neuroimaging to identify MRI predictors of treatment response in LLD. The majority of the literature on structural MRI has focused on the vascular depression hypothesis, and studies support the view that loss of brain volume and white matter integrity was associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Studies using fMRI have reported that lower task-based activity in the prefrontal cortex and limbic regions was associated with poorer outcome. These imaging markers may be integrated into clinical decision making to attain better treatment outcomes in the future.
An FFT-based acquisition algorithm for spread-spectrum signal in high dynamic

In this paper, acquisition methods for spread-spectrum signal used in a radar system are researched. The analysis shows that a serial search method cannot meet time requests, and FFT-based algorithm which consume much less time can meet the acquisition requirement. Resampling and methods such as zero-padding, linear-interpolation and sinc-interpolation involved are analyzed. Simulation and experiment results indicate that the FFT-based acquisition algorithm can meet radar design requirement, and Blackman-windowed sinc-interpolation prior to FFT can reach the best correlation performance.
Provable Burer-Monteiro factorization for a class of norm-constrained matrix problems

We study the projected gradient descent method on low-rank matrix problems with a strongly convex objective. We use the Burer-Monteiro factorization approach to implicitly enforce low-rankness; such factorization introduces non-convexity in the objective. We focus on constraint sets that include both positive semi-definite (PSD) constraints and specific matrix norm-constraints. Such criteria appear in quantum state tomography and phase retrieval applications. We show that non-convex projected gradient descent favors local linear convergence in the factored space. We build our theory on a novel descent lemma, that non-trivially extends recent results on the unconstrained problem. The resulting algorithm is Projected Factored Gradient Descent, abbreviated as ProjFGD, and shows superior performance compared to state of the art on quantum state tomography and sparse phase retrieval applications.
What did they actually say? agreement and disagreement among transcribers of non-native spontaneous speech responses in an English proficiency test

This paper presents an analysis of differences in human transcriptions of non-native spontaneous speech on a word level, collected in the context of an English Proficiency Test. While transcribers of native speech typically agree at a very high level (5% word error rate or less), this study finds substantially higher disagreement rates between transcribers of non-native speech (10%-34% word
Cache oblivious search trees via binary trees of small height

We propose a version of cache oblivious search trees which is simpler than the previous proposal of Bender, Demaine and Farach-Colton and has the same complexity bounds. In particular, our data structure avoids the use of weight balanced <i>B</i>-trees, and can be implemented as just a single array of data elements, without the use of pointers. The structure also improves space utilization.For storing <i>n</i> elements, our proposal uses (1 + ε)<i>n</i> times the element size of memory, and performs searches in worst case <i>O</i>(log<inf><i>B</i></inf> <i>n</i>) memory transfers, updates in amortized <i>O</i>((log<sup>2</sup> <i>n</i>)/(ε<i>B</i>)) memory transfers, and range queries in worst case <i>O</i>(log<inf><i>B</i></inf> <i>n + k/B</i>) memory transfers, where <i>k</i> is the size of the output.The basic idea of our data structure is to maintain a dynamic binary tree of height log <i>n+O</i>(1) using existing methods, embed this tree in a static binary tree, which in turn is embedded in an array in a cache oblivious fashion, using the van Emde Boas layout of Prokop.We also investigate the practicality of cache obliviousness in the area of search trees, by providing an empirical comparison of different methods for laying out a search tree in memory.
Stratified randomization controls better for batch effects in 450K methylation analysis: a cautionary tale

Background: Batch effects in DNA methylation microarray experiments can lead to spurious results if not properly handled during the plating of samples. Methods: Two pilot studies examining the association of DNA methylation patterns across the genome with obesity in Samoan men were investigated for chip- and row-specific batch effects. For each study, the DNA of 46 obese men and 46 lean men were assayed using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. In the first study (Sample One), samples from obese and lean subjects were examined on separate chips. In the second study (Sample Two), the samples were balanced on the chips by lean/obese status, age group, and census region. We used methylumi, watermelon, and limma R packages, as well as ComBat, to analyze the data. Principal component analysis and linear regression were, respectively, employed to identify the top principal components and to test for their association with the batches and lean/obese status. To identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between obese and lean males at each locus, we used a moderated t-test. Results: Chip effects were effectively removed from Sample Two but not Sample One. In addition, dramatic differences were observed between the two sets of DMP results. After “removing” batch effects with ComBat, Sample One had 94,191 probes differentially methylated at a q-value threshold of 0.05 while Sample Two had zero differentially methylated probes. The disparate results from Sample One and Sample Two likely arise due to the confounding of lean/obese status with chip and row batch effects. Conclusion: Even the best possible statistical adjustments for batch effects may not completely remove them. Proper study design is vital for guarding against spurious findings due to such effects.
Mining online footprints to predict user’s next location

ABSTRACT Social media applications are widely deployed in mobile platforms equipped with built-in GPS tracking devices, and these devices have led to an unprecedented collection of geolocated data (geo-tags). Geo-tags, along with place names, offer new opportunities to explore the trajectory and mobility patterns of social media users. However, trajectory data captured by social media are sparsely and irregularly spaced and therefore have varying degrees of resolution in both space and time. Previous studies on next location prediction are mostly applicable for detecting the upcoming location of a moving object using dense GPS trajectories where locations are recorded at regular time intervals (e.g., 1 minute). Additionally, point features are commonly used to represent the locations of visits, but using point features cannot capture the variability of human mobility. This article introduces a new methodology to predict an individual’s next location based on sparse footprints accumulated over a long time period using social networks, and uses polygons to represent the location corresponding to the physical activity area of individuals. First, the density-based spatial clustering algorithm is employed to discover the most representative activity zones that an individual frequently visits on a daily basis, and a polygon-based region is then derived for each representative activity zone. A sparse mobility Markov chain model considering both the movements and online behaviors of the social media user is trained and used to predict the user’s next location. Initial experiments with a group of Washington DC Twitter users demonstrate that the proposed methodology successfully discovers the activity regions and predicts the user’s next location with accuracy approaching 78.94%.
Identification and functional characterization of two novel mutations in the α‐helical loop (residues 484–503) of CYBB/gp91phox resulting in the rare X91+ variant of chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is mainly caused by mutations in X‐linked CYBB that encodes gp91. We have identified two novel mutations in CYBB resulting in the rare X91+‐CGD variant, c.1500T>G (p.Asp500Glu) in two male siblings and c.1463C>A (p.Ala488Asp) in an unrelated male. Zymosan and/or PMA (Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate)‐induced recruitment of p47phox and p67phox to the membrane fraction was normal for both mutants. Cell‐free assays using recombinant wild‐type and the mutant proteins revealed that these mutants were not activated by NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Interestingly, the Ala488Asp mutant was activated by NADPH in the presence of glutathione. These data suggest that the mutations prevented NADPH from binding to gp91phox and the requirement of a negative charge at residue 500 in gp91phox for NADPH oxidase assembly, in contrast to a previously described Asp500Gly change. These mutations and the effect of glutathione provide a unique insight into disease pathogenesis and potential therapy in variant X91+‐CGD. Hum Mutat 33:471–475, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.