Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
- 1-Adaptive Nonlinear Video Editing : Retargeting , Replaying , Repainting and Reusing ( R 4 )

With increasing access to and sophisticated use of digital video contents, there is ever-growing interest in video editing tools allowing consumers to manipulate the captured video. As the marketplace for consumer video editing evolves, we believe that a new generation of tools will be developed to provide video manipulation capabilities ranging from simple touchups to advanced postproduction special effects like those seen in big-budget Hollywood films. A required video editing interface in the media area should demand that users think in terms of not only frames and timelines, but also the higher level components of a video such as motion, action, character, and story. Recently more research work on video editing tools is being carried on. Basically those efforts focus on processing videos in an adaptive, nonlinear and content-driven way, which may be classified into four groups: 1) retargeting in spatial domain, 2) replaying in the temporal domain, 3) repainting in the luminance/texture domain and 4) reusing in the hybrid domain. In this report, we present an overview of major technologies employed in each group, respectively. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. All rights reserved.
Using fractal geometry for solving divide-and-conquer recurrences

Abstract A relationship between the fractal geometry and the analysis of recursive (divide-and-conquer) algorithms is investigated. It is shown that the dynamic structure of a recursive algorithm which might call other algorithms in a mutually recursive fashion can be geometrically captured as a fractal (self-similar) image. This fractal image is defined as the attractor of a mutually recursive function system. It then turns out that the Hausdorff-Besicovich dimension D of such an image is precisely the exponent in the time complexity of the algorithm being modelled. That is, if the Hausdorff D-dimensional measure of the image is finite then it serves as the constant of proportionality and the time complexity is of the form Θ(nD), else it implies that the time complexity is of the form Θ(nD logpn), where p is an easily determined constant.
The Plant Cellular Systems for Plant Virus Movement

Plasmodesmata (PDs) are specialized intercellular channels that facilitate the exchange of various molecules, including sugars, ribonucleoprotein complexes, transcription factors, and mRNA. Their diameters, estimated to be 2.5 nm in the neck region, are too small to transfer viruses or viral genomes. Tobacco mosaic virus and Potexviruses are the most extensively studied viruses. In viruses, the movement protein (MP) is responsible for the PD gating that allows the intercellular movement of viral genomes. Various host factors interact with MP to regulate complicated mechanisms related to PD gating. Virus replication and assembly occur in viral replication complex (VRC) with membrane association, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum. VRC have a highly organized structure and are highly regulated by interactions among the various host factors, proteins encoded by the viral genome, and the viral genome. Virus trafficking requires host machineries, such as the cytoskeleton and the secretory systems. MP facilitates the virus replication and movement process. Despite the current level of understanding of virus movement, there are still many unknown and complex interactions between virus replication and virus movement. While numerous studies have been conducted to understand plant viruses with regards to cell-to-cell movement and replication, there are still many knowledge gaps. To study these interactions, adequate research tools must be used such as molecular, and biochemical techniques. Without such tools, virologists will not be able to gain an accurate or detailed understanding of the virus infection process.
Terrestrial laser scanning - a supplementary approach for 3D documentation and animation

While aerial methods undesputedly form the backbone of modern photogrammetry, we have seen an increased use of terrestrial methods in the past years to supplement aerial data especially in the field of 3D city modelling and the animation thereof. This article describes an approach to use terrestrial laser scanning in order to increase detail and realism of datasets derived from arial methods. When devising a new strategy for the integration of data from multiple sources two aspects come to focus. For one methods for the registration of the datasets are needed. Secondly a suitable data model has to be introduced to hold multiple aspects of the data. Consequently we present our methods for the automatted georeferencing of terrestrial laser data and we introduce the concept of LASERMAPs, which are extracted from terrestrial laser data and mapped onto the 3D building model.
Fluid-Flow Induced Wall Shear Stress and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Spreading

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is usually discovered after extensive metastasis have developed in the peritoneal cavity. The ovarian surface is exposed to peritoneal fluid pressures and shear forces due to the continuous peristaltic motions of the gastro-intestinal system, creating a mechanical micro-environment for the cells. An in vitro experimental model was developed to expose EOC cells to steady fluid flow induced wall shear stresses (WSS). The EOC cells were cultured from OVCAR-3 cell line on denuded amniotic membranes in special wells. Wall shear stresses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 dyne/cm2 were applied on the surface of the cells under conditions that mimic the physiological environment, followed by fluorescent stains of actin and β-tubulin fibers. The cytoskeleton response to WSS included cell elongation, stress fibers formation and generation of microtubules. More cytoskeletal components were produced by the cells and arranged in a denser and more organized structure within the cytoplasm. This suggests that WSS may have a significant role in the mechanical regulation of EOC peritoneal spreading.
Communicating Directionality in Flying Robots

Small flying robots represent a rapidly emerging family of robotic technologies with aerial capabilities that enable unique forms of assistance in a variety of collaborative tasks. Such tasks will necessitate interaction with humans in close proximity, requiring that designers consider human perceptions regarding robots flying and acting within human environments. We explore the design space regarding explicit robot communication of flight intentions to nearby viewers. We apply design constraints to robot flight behaviors, using biological and airplane flight as inspiration, and develop a set of signaling mechanisms for visually communicating directionality while operating under such constraints. We implement our designs on two commercial flyers, requiring little modification to the base platforms, and evaluate each signaling mechanism, as well as a no-signaling baseline, in a user study in which participants were asked to predict robot intent. We found that three of our designs significantly improved viewer response time and accuracy over the baseline and that the form of the signal offered tradeoffs in precision, generalizability, and perceived robot usability. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1. 2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems—human factors, software psychology; H.5. 2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces— evaluation/methodology, usercentered design General Terms Design, Human Factors
Beyond Independence: CEO Influence and the Internal Operations of the Board

Using a detailed dataset on the meeting sub-structure of the board, this paper investigates the time trends and cross-sectional determinants of internal boardroom control. First, I document that the principal governance reform following Sarbanes–Oxley was the removal of the CEO as a participating member in board monitoring and investment decisions. Consistent with this being against the preferences of the average CEO, I find that CEO power is negatively related to monitoring work handled outside of the CEO’s presence and positively related to board-time spent in the executive committee. Together the results highlight internal operations as governance concerns of the modern board.
Research of ZigBee wireless order system for dishes based on CC2530

Established a wireless sensor networks and a concrete plan is brought forward based On ZigBee technology. Corrected the time of network by Time Protocol. The hardware and software of the system is designed. Finally, the application effects of the system are analyzed and compared. The System realized the goals such as low cost, low consumption, high stability, high flexibility and expansibility. The efficiency of restaurant management is improved.
The Majorant Lyapunov Equation: A Nonnegative Matrix Equation for Robust Stability and Performance of Large Scale Systems

A new robust stability and performance analysis technique is developed. The approach involves replacing the state covariance by its block-norm matrix, i.e., the nonnegative matrix whose elements are the norms of subblocks of the covariance matrix partitioned according to subsystem dynamics. A bound (i.e., majorant) for the block-norm matrix is given by the majorant Lyapunov equation, a Lyapunov-type nonnegative matrix equation. Existence, uniqueness and computational tractability of solutions to the majorant Lyapunov equation are shown to be completely characterized in terms of M matrices. As an example, a pair of nominally uncoupled oscillators with uncertain coupling is considered. The majorant Lyapunov equation shows that the range of nondestabilizing couplings is proportional to the frequency separation between the oscillators, a result not predictable from quadratic or vector Lyapunov functions.
The Impact of ENSO on the South Atlantic Subtropical Dipole Mode

AbstractThe impact of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the South Atlantic subtropical dipole mode (SASD) is investigated using both observations and model simulations. The SASD is the dominant mode of coupled ocean–atmosphere variability in the South Atlantic. This study focuses on austral summer, when both ENSO and SASD peak. It is shown that negative SASD events are associated with central Pacific El Nino events by triggering the Pacific–South American wave train (PSA). The latter resembles the third leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere (PSA2) and causes a weakening and meridional shift of the South Atlantic subtropical high, which then generates the negative SASD events. On the other hand, a strengthening of the South Atlantic subtropical high related to central La Nina teleconnections causes positive SASD events. The results herein show that the PSA2, triggered by central Pacific ENSO events, connects the tropical Pacific to the Atlantic. This connection is absent f.
Treatment with Insulin Analog X10 and IGF-1 Increases Growth of Colon Cancer Allografts

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk for development of certain forms of cancer, including colon cancer. The publication of highly controversial epidemiological studies in 2009 raised the possibility that use of the insulin analog glargine increases this risk further. However, it is not clear how mitogenic effects of insulin and insulin analogs measured in vitro correlate with tumor growth-promoting effects in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine possible growth-promoting effects of native human insulin, insulin X10 and IGF-1, which are considered positive controls in vitro, in a short-term animal model of an obesity- and diabetes-relevant cancer. We characterized insulin and IGF-1 receptor expression and the response to treatment with insulin, X10 and IGF-1 in the murine colon cancer cell line (MC38 cells) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we examined pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and monitored growth of MC38 cell allografts in mice with diet-induced obesity treated with human insulin, X10 and IGF-1. Treatment with X10 and IGF-1 significantly increased growth of MC38 cell allografts in mice with diet-induced obesity and we can therefore conclude that supra-pharmacological doses of the insulin analog X10, which is super-mitogenic in vitro and increased the incidence of mammary tumors in female rats in a 12-month toxicity study, also increase growth of tumor allografts in a short-term animal model.
Degenerate diffusions arising from gene duplication models.

We consider two processes that have been used to study gene duplication, Watterson’s [Genetics 105 (1983) 745–766] double recessive null model and Lynch and Force’s [Genetics 154 (2000) 459–473] subfunctionalization model. Though the state spaces of these diffusions are two and six-dimensional, respectively, we show in each case that the diffusion stays close to a curve. Using ideas of Katzenberger [Ann. Probab. 19 (1991) 1587–1628] we show that one-dimensional projections converge to diffusion processes, and we obtain asymptotics for the time to loss of one gene copy. As a corollary we find that the probability of subfunctionalization decreases exponentially fast as the population size increases. This rigorously confirms a result Ward and Durrett [Theor. Pop. Biol. 66 (2004) 93–100] found by simulation that the likelihood of subfunctionalization for gene duplicates decays exponentially fast as the population size increases.
Functional Impairment of Myeloid Dendritic Cells during Advanced Stage of HIV-1 Infection: Role of Factors Regulating Cytokine Signaling

Introduction Severely immunocompromised state during advanced stage of HIV-1 infection has been linked to functionally defective antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs). The molecular mechanisms behind DC impairment are still obscure. We investigated changes in DC function and association of key regulators of cytokine signaling during different stages of HIV-1 infection and following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Phenotypic and functional characteristics of circulating myeloid DCs (mDCs) in 56 ART-naive patients (23 in early and 33 in advanced stage of disease), 36 on ART and 24 healthy controls were evaluated. Sixteen patients were studied longitudinally prior-to and 6 months after the start of ART. For functional studies, monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) were evaluated for endocytosis, allo-stimulation and cytokine secretion. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and other regulators of cytokine signaling was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Results The ability to respond to an antigenic stimulation was severely impaired in patients in advanced HIV-1 disease which showed partial recovery in the treated group. Mo-DCs from patients with advanced HIV-disease remained immature with low allo-stimulation and reduced cytokine secretion even after TLR-4 mediated stimulation ex-vivo. The cells had an increased expression of negative regulatory factors like SOCS-1, SOCS-3, SH2-containing phosphatase(SHP)-1 and a reduced expression of positive regulators like Janus kinase(JAK)2 and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB)1. A functional recovery after siRNA mediated silencing of SOCS-1 in these mo-DCs confirms the role of negative regulatory factors in functional impairment of these cells. Conclusions Functionally defective DCs in advanced stage of HIV-1 infection seems to be due to imbalanced state of negative and positive regulatory gene expression. Whether this is a cause or effect of increased viral replication at this stage of disease, needs further investigation. The information may be useful in design of novel therapeutic targets for better management of disease.
Fuzzy inference system learning by reinforcement methods

Fuzzy Actor-Critic Learning (FACL) and Fuzzy Q-Learning (FQL) are reinforcement learning methods based on dynamic programming (DP) principles. In the paper, they are used to tune online the conclusion part of fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The only information available for learning is the system feedback, which describes in terms of reward and punishment the task the fuzzy agent has to realize. At each time step, the agent receives a reinforcement signal according to the last action it has performed in the previous state. The problem involves optimizing not only the direct reinforcement, but also the total amount of reinforcements the agent can receive in the future. To illustrate the use of these two learning methods, we first applied them to a problem that involves finding a fuzzy controller to drive a boat from one bank to another, across a river with a strong nonlinear current. Then, we used the well known Cart-Pole Balancing and Mountain-Car problems to be able to compare our methods to other reinforcement learning methods and focus on important characteristic aspects of FACL and FQL. We found that the genericity of our methods allows us to learn every kind of reinforcement learning problem (continuous states, discrete/continuous actions, various type of reinforcement functions). The experimental studies also show the superiority of these methods with respect to the other related methods we can find in the literature.
BILATERAL FILTERING WITH CLUSTERS BY EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION

Image restoration keeping sharp edges is achieved by bilateral filter. In this paper, an approach to improve edges for the filter is presented. The proposed algorithm relies on clustering by Expectation Maximization that produced clusters of intensive values. A stage is followed where standard deviation of Gaussian filters for scales of the spatial and intensity are adjusted by features of the clusters. This makes the filters have adaptive levels of smoothing for specific clusters and helps to preserve edges while remove noise. Experiments and evaluation by PSNR metrics indicated the restoration quality enhanced and the efficacy of the proposed adaptive bilateral filter algorithm. Khôi phục ảnh đồng thời giữ các cạnh sắc nét được thực hiện bởi bộ lọc Gaussian kép. Trong bài báo này, một cách tiếp cận được trình bày để nâng cao độ nét cạnh cho bộ lọc trên. Thuật toán đề xuất được dựa trên kết quả phân cụm của phương pháp phân cụm kỳ vọng cực đại (EM) các giá trị mức xám. Theo đó, độ lệch chuẩn không gian và độ lệch chuẩn cường độ của bộ lọc Gaussian kép được điều chỉnh bởi đặc điểm của các cụm. Điều này làm cho bộ lọc Gaussian kép thích nghi với mức độ mịn của mỗi cụm, và giúp duy trì độ sắc nét cạnh trong khi loại bỏ nhiễu. Kết quả thực nghiệm với chỉ số đánh giá mức độ nhiễu (PSNR) cho thấy bộ lọc Gaussian kép mới đề xuất có chất lượng và hiệu quả được tăng cường. Index terms Image Processing, Bilateral Filter, Expectation Maximization Segmentation, Denoising
Brane Constructions , Fractional Branes and Anti-deSitter Domain Walls

Compactifications of type IIB string theory on AdS5 ⊗X5, where X5 is an Einstein space, can have one-fourth or half maximal supersymmetry for certain choices of X5. Some of these theories admit exotic domain walls arising from 5-branes wrapping 2-cycles in X5. We explore the relationship among these domain walls, fractional branes and branes stretched on intervals. World-volume fluxes in the wrapped branes play an important role in the analysis. We draw some parallels between the AdS background with exotic domain walls and N = 1 supersymmetric MQCD, and identify other extended objects on the AdS side in the dual brane construction. The process of brane creation is used to give an alternate derivation of the relationship between fractional branes and branes on intervals.
Sparse shift-invariant representation of local 2D patterns and sequence learning for human action recognition

Most existing methods for action recognition mainly rely on manually engineered features which, despite their good performances, are highly problem dependent. We propose in this paper a fully automated model, which learns to classify human actions without using any prior knowledge. A convolutional sparse autoencoder learns to extract sparse shift-invariant representations of the 2D local patterns present in each video frame. The evolution of these mid-level features is learned by a Recurrent Neural Network trained to classify each sequence. Experimental results on the KTH dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms existing models which rely on learned-features, and gives comparable results with the best related works.
EBs clip CLIPs to growing microtubule ends

Proteins that track growing microtubule (MT) ends are important for many aspects of intracellular MT function, but the mechanism by which these +TIPs accumulate at MT ends has been the subject of a long-standing controversy. In this issue, Bieling et al. (Bieling, P., S. Kandels-Lewis, I.A. Telley, J. van Dijk, C. Janke, and T. Surrey. 2008. J. Cell Biol. 183:1223–1233) reconstitute plus end tracking of EB1 and CLIP-170 in vitro, which demonstrates that CLIP-170 plus end tracking is EB1-dependent and that both +TIPs rapidly exchange between a soluble and a plus end–associated pool. This strongly supports the hypothesis that plus end tracking depends on a biochemical property of growing MT ends, and that the characteristic +TIP comets result from the generation of new +TIP binding sites through MT polymerization in combination with the exponential decay of these binding sites.
Robust distributed model predictive control

This paper presents a formulation for distributed model predictive control (DMPC) of systems with coupled constraints. The approach divides the single large planning optimization into smaller sub-problems, each planning only for the controls of a particular subsystem. Relevant plan data is communicated between sub-problems to ensure that all decisions satisfy the coupled constraints. The new algorithm guarantees that all optimizations remain feasible, that the coupled constraints will be satisfied, and that each subsystem will converge to its target, despite the action of unknown but bounded disturbances. Simulation results are presented showing that the new algorithm offers significant reductions in computation time for only a small degradation in performance in comparison with centralized MPC.