Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data maximization by multipass analysis of protein mass spectra

With the proliferation of search engines for the analysis of MS data, multisearch techniques aimed at boosting the discriminating power of the search engines' score functions have recently become popular. Much statistical and algorithmic work has been done, therefore, in order to be able to combine and parse multiple search streams. However, multisearch techniques suffer from long run times, and may have little impact on false negatives because of similar peptide filtering heuristics between searches. This review focuses, rather, on multipass techniques, which use the results of one search to guide the selection of spectra, parameters and sequences in subsequent searches. This reduces the number of false‐negative peptide identifications due to peptide candidate filtering while preserving statistical significance of existing (correct) identifications. Furthermore, this technique avoids substantial increases in running time and, by limiting the search space, does not reduce the statistical significance of correct identifications or introduce a statistically significant number of false‐positive identifications. However, we argue that the existing combiner tools are not reliably applicable to these multipass situations, because of algorithmic assumptions about search space and statistical assumptions about the rate of true positives. Here we provide an overview of the advantages of and issues in multipass analysis techniques, the existing methods and workflows available to proteomic researchers, and the unsolved statistical and algorithmic issues amenable to future research.
The Effects of Innovation Capability on New Product Development Performance: The Evidence of Zhejiang Province' SMEs

New product development could be recognised as a key success factor in an increasingly competitive,global economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between innovation capability and new product development(NPD) performance in small and medium-sized business in China. This study builds a model related to the most important dimensions of innovation capability that inﬂuence mostly NPD performance of ﬁrms, such as technology, organization, strategy, manufacturing and marketing. Then it examines the relationships between these dimensions of innovation capability and NPD performance. A practical survey was carried out in the manufacturing industry of Zhejiang Province. Strategic planning capability, technology capability and marketing capability positively inﬂuence the NPD performance of manufacturing SMEs. Contrary to our prediction, market linking capability has a significant negative effect on NPD performance. Effects of other innovation capability dimensions are not signiﬁcant. In general, it provides empirical evidence that different aspects of innovation capability will have significant different impact on the new product performance. Results of this study could lead to effective management of innovation for the SMEs in manufacturing industry and beneﬁts for the ﬁrms' managers.
Maternal weight as an alternative determinant of the gestational day of Wistar rats housed in individually-ventilated cages

One of the commonly used animal models in fertility, developmental and neurobiological studies is the laboratory rat. The early recognition of rat pregnancy and confirmation of the exact embryonic day are vital. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of maternal weight at the time of conception to its increase throughout gestation, aiming to develop a mathematical model, which can be used for the determination of the exact day of pregnancy, set the threshold, and monitor pregnancy from the onset. We studied a total of 173 Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 238.22 ± 34.9 g. After 72 h at the male’s cages, we considered as Day 0 (D0) the day in which a copulatory plug or sperm was found during the vaginal smear examination. After that period the female animals were transferred into their cages, and weight monitoring started 14 days (D14) after D0, until parturition. Based on the statistical analysis, there is a correlation between maternal body weight at D0 and maternal body weight from D14 to D19. Moreover, the average weight gain from D14 to D19 is positively correlated to initial female body weight, while there is no correlation between each pregnant animal’s weight from D14 to D19 and litter size. A mathematical model was developed as a tool for the verification of the day of pregnancy. In conclusion, continuous monitoring of maternal weight after D14 can be a reliable method for the recognition of pregnancy and determination of the exact gestational day.
Robust Visual Detection–Learning–Tracking Framework for Autonomous Aerial Refueling of UAVs

In this paper, we propose a robust visual detection-learning-tracking framework for autonomous aerial refueling of unmanned aerial vehicles. Two classifiers (D-classifier and T-classifier) are defined in the proposed framework. The D-classifier is a robust linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained offline for detecting the drogue object of aerial refueling and a low-dimensional normalized robust local binary pattern feature is proposed to describe the drogue object in the D-classifier. The T-classifier is a state-based structured SVM classifier trained online for tracking the drogue object. A combination strategy between the D-classifier and the T-classifier is proposed in the framework. The D-classifier is used to assess if some positive support vectors in the T-classifier are required to be replaced by positive examples with density peaks. The experimental results on several challenging video sequences validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed framework.
Compartmental Models for Nonhierarchical Communications Networks

In this paper we use compartmental models to study the dynamics and control of stressed nonhierarchical communications networks. Such networks are frequently used in voice and data communications. Not only are nonhierarchical structures important for network reliability and survivability (robustness under damage), but they are useful for economic reasons, as in the cases of major inter-exchange carriers' long distance networks. Detailed steady state analytic models are often used to evaluate steady state performance measures. These analytic models can produce point-to-point grades-of-service; however, the time resolution is necessarily lost. Simulations for circuit-switched networks can yield the time behavior and performance characteristics of stressed networks, but the purpose of this paper is to show that a set of simple difference equations among the most important network resource variables will produce a variety of network behaviors which are observed both in simulation and in the analytic steady-state models. The compartmental network models are complementary to the steady state analytic models because they possess time resolution but are spatially homogeneous. Oscillations from feedback control mechanisms and the time-dependent congestion effects related to the presence of significant damage and overload are observed, and optimal control parameter setting is investigated.
Childhood Inequality in China: Evidence from Recent Survey Data (2012–2014)

Abstract In recent decades, China has transformed from a relatively egalitarian society to a highly unequal one. What are the implications of high levels of inequality for the lives of children? Drawing on two nationally representative datasets, the China Family Panel Studies and the China Education Panel Survey, we develop a comprehensive portrait of childhood inequality in post-reform China. Analyses reveal stark disparities between children from different socio-economic backgrounds in family environments and in welfare outcomes, including physical health, psychosocial health and educational performance. We argue that childhood inequality in China is driven not only by the deprivations of poverty but also by the advantages of affluence, as high socio-economic status children diverge from their middle and low socio-economic status counterparts on various family environment and child welfare measures. 摘要 近年来，中国从一个相对平等的社会转变为一个高度不平等的社会。 高度不平等对儿童的生活有何影响? 本文通过分析中国家庭追踪调查和中国教育追踪调查两项全国数据，详细描述了中国儿童在改革开放后所经历的不平等的童年。 研究结果表明，来自不同社会经济地位的儿童在家庭支出和家庭压力这两个家庭环境维度上有着显著差异。 此外，在儿童福利方面，不同社会经济地位的儿童在身体健康、心理健康以及学业成绩上也有明显的区别。 本研究指出，高社会经济地位的儿童与中低社会经济地位的儿童在家庭环境和儿童福利等诸多方面有着显著分化; 因此，中国儿童在童年阶段的不平等，不仅来自贫困所导致的匮乏，而且源自富裕所带来的优势。
The flexible performer in interactive theatre: developing The Last Great Hunt’s Pollyanna

This article considers the demands of immersive, participatory, and interactive theatre, and the type of performer and performance training required to facilitate these. It provides an account of the development and performance of an interactive work that was inspired by the mechanics of video gaming, and that sought to give its audience control over the narrative and the way it was revealed. By framing performers as ‘interfaces’ rather than actors, audience interactions with the environment, the (loosely plotted) narrative, other audience members, and the performers themselves were able to be facilitated and incorporated into the world of the production. This dramaturgy demanded of the performers specific skill-sets. This article outlines the performance-making process of The Last Great Hunt theatre company in developing their work Pollyanna to show how each performance emerged through interaction with and within the audience, and arguing for a contemporary performer training that equips performers with skills in what Tim Fitzpatrick – developing the pioneering ethnomusicological work of Parry and Lord – calls ‘flexible performance’.
Cell Nuclei and Cytoplasm Joint Segmentation Using the Sliding Band Filter

Microscopy cell image analysis is a fundamental tool for biological research. In particular, multivariate fluorescence microscopy is used to observe different aspects of cells in cultures. It is still common practice to perform analysis tasks by visual inspection of individual cells which is time consuming, exhausting and prone to induce subjective bias. This makes automatic cell image analysis essential for large scale, objective studies of cell cultures. Traditionally the task of automatic cell analysis is approached through the use of image segmentation methods for extraction of cells' locations and shapes. Image segmentation, although fundamental, is neither an easy task in computer vision nor is it robust to image quality changes. This makes image segmentation for cell detection semi-automated requiring frequent tuning of parameters. We introduce a new approach for cell detection and shape estimation in multivariate images based on the sliding band filter (SBF). This filter's design makes it adequate to detect overall convex shapes and as such it performs well for cell detection. Furthermore, the parameters involved are intuitive as they are directly related to the expected cell size. Using the SBF filter we detect cells' nucleus and cytoplasm location and shapes. Based on the assumption that each cell has the same approximate shape center in both nuclei and cytoplasm fluorescence channels, we guide cytoplasm shape estimation by the nuclear detections improving performance and reducing errors. Then we validate cell detection by gathering evidence from nuclei and cytoplasm channels. Additionally, we include overlap correction and shape regularization steps which further improve the estimated cell shapes. The approach is evaluated using two datasets with different types of data: a 20 images benchmark set of simulated cell culture images, containing 1000 simulated cells; a 16 images Drosophila melanogaster Kc167 dataset containing 1255 cells, stained for DNA and actin. Both image datasets present a difficult problem due to the high variability of cell shapes and frequent cluster overlap between cells. On the Drosophila dataset our approach achieved a precision/recall of 95%/69% and 82%/90% for nuclei and cytoplasm detection respectively and an overall accuracy of 76%.
Risk of cancer among children of cancer patients—a nationwide study in Finland

Cancer treatments have the potential to cause germline mutations that might increase the risk of cancer in the offspring of former cancer patients. This risk was evaluated in a population‐based study of early onset cancer patients in Finland. Using the nationwide registry data, 26,331 children of pediatric and early onset cancer patients (diagnosed under age 35 between 1953 and 2004) were compared to 58,155 children of siblings. Cancer occurrence among the children was determined by linkage with the cancer registry, and the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated comparing the observed number of cancers with that expected, based on rates in the general population of Finland. Among the 9,877 children born after their parent's diagnosis, cancer risk was increased (SIR 1.67; 95% CI 1.29–2.12). However, after removing those with hereditary cancer syndromes, this increase disappeared (SIR 1.03; 95% CI 0.74–1.40). The overall risk of cancer among the offspring of siblings (SIR 1.07; 95% CI 0.94–1.21) was the same as among the offspring of the patients with nonhereditary cancer. Risk of cancer in offspring, born before their parents cancer diagnosis, was elevated (SIR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20‐1.54), but removing hereditary syndromes resulted in a diminished and nonsignificant association (SIR 1.08, 95% CI 0.93‐1.25). This study shows that offspring of cancer patients are not at an increased risk of cancer except when the patient has a cancer‐predisposing syndrome. These findings are directly relevant to counseling cancer survivors with regard to family planning.
PATHWAYS TO A DRUG: A MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCE

Despite the calls for a broader methodological base, the technology management and the forecasting literature remain short of studies synthesising quantitative and qualitative methods. This paper addresses this gap by employing a mixed method approach to study the case of Taxol, a revolutionary drug developed to fight ovarian and breast cancer. The paper shows in detail how a data mining-based network model can be synthesised with qualitatively created event narrative to understand the development of a technology and its ecosystem. As a result, the paper shows an npartite network of Taxol drug ecosystem containing over 4,000 nodes and 11,000 edges. The network enables decision makers to understand the process, interaction of actors and lock-in mechanism in the process of technological development.
Pre‐Going Private Ownership Around the World

We examine ownership structure prior to going private transactions in 39 countries around the world from 2002 to 2014. The data indicate strong and consistent evidence that pre-going-private ownership is characterized by higher institutional and corporate ownership. Family ownership lowers the probability of a public to private transaction. Concentrated ownership facilitates public to private transactions. In addition, the data indicate that antidirector (shareholder) rights across countries affect going private transactions in ways consistent with potential wealth expropriation of minority shareholders.
A Waveguide Slot Array antenna design for X-band radar

In this paper, it is aimed to design and optimize a Waveguide Slotted Array (WSA) antennas for X-band radar applications. The slot offsets, slot lengths and widths, port position of the antenna are optimized by using Trust Region Framework and Classic Powel algorithms in simulation environment without requiring analytical calculations. The side lobes of radiation pattern are suppressed by using these optimizations. The antennas are simulated with different slot's numbers (11 and 21 slotted antennas). Although using more slots provides narrower beam, back lobe of the radiation pattern rises crucial levels. A parabolic structure is designed to avoid from back lobes and a small gain increment can be obtained with this modification. The modified 21-slotted WSA antenna presents 20.8 dB maximum realized gain, 4.50 degree 3 dB angular width, 90 degree main lobe direction, and 24.9 dB side lobe level in simulation results at 9.5 GHz. The antenna is also fabricated and measured. A good agreement is obtained between simulation and measurement.
Toward Ultimate Scaling of MOSFET

In this brief, we investigate the extendibility of FinFETs and planar bulk devices to 7- and 5-nm technology nodes focusing on electrostatics. At these nodes, the expected contacted device pitch will be in the range of 30-40 nm, requiring the gate length to scale to 12-14-nm range. We show that 6-nm-thick FinFET can scale to these gate lengths while maintaining the equivalent electrostatics as the current 14-nm node high-performance FinFETs. We show that planar bulk devices can scale to the same gate lengths using ultrashallow extension junctions and recessed device channel without aggressive gate insulator scaling and possess electrostatics equivalent to the high-performance planar 22-nm node.
Nurses' and nursing assistants' perceptions of patient safety culture in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether perceptions of patient safety in nursing homes vary by length of employment, type of employee, and shift worked. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Twenty-six nursing homes in Ohio participating in a randomized trial to test the effectiveness of a clinical informatics tool to improve patient safety during the medication monitoring. PARTICIPANTS Nurses (n = 367) and nursing assistants (n = 636) employed at the time of the survey in the summer and fall of 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Resident safety questions included 34 items on different aspects of resident safety (overall safety perception, teamwork within and between departments, communication openness, feedback and communication about error, non-punitive response to error, organizational learning, management expectations, and actions promoting safety, staffing, and management support for patient safety). RESULTS Overall perceptions of resident safety by employees were acceptable, with clear management communication of safety goals. Approximately 40% of nursing staff found it difficult to make changes to improve things most or all of the time; similar proportions indicated that management seriously considered staff suggestions to improve resident safety; only half reported management discussions with staff to prevent recurrence of mistakes. Regardless of staff type, one in five reported feeling punished and two in five reported that reporting of errors was seen as a 'personal attack'. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to change the safety culture in nursing homes are warranted. Nursing homes need guidance on how to use information to implement safety improvement projects in the context of a strict regulatory environment which may prohibit innovative system change.
Segmentation by Experiential Familiarity and Travel Mode of the Chinese Outbound Market to Spain

ABSTRACT Chinese travel markets are maturing with new travel trends arising as tourists become more experienced. This paper analyzes the possibilities of segmenting Chinese tourists’ motivations and satisfaction in Western destinations by experiential familiarity and travel mode, namely Free Independent Travel and Group-tour Travel. Based on these variables, this study builds on a survey questionnaire of Mainland Chinese travelers to Spain. A quantitative analysis of motivations and satisfaction is performed. Comparison of means, one-way MANOVA and Principal Component Analysis are the main analytical techniques used to understand the a priori selected segments of tourists. The main results show significant differences among consumers: independent travelers are less satisfied with the Chinese language services, whereas group-tour travelers are, overall, less satisfied with the trip and the destination. The results also show that repeat visitors are motivated by different aspects of the destination, such as Spanish natural resources and beaches, which are less important for first-time visitors. Among the studied segments of consumers, the differences in motivation, satisfaction and sociodemographic profiles are discussed along with the practical implications of the research.
The Shift-Contagion Effect Of Global Financial Crisis And The European Sovereign Debt Crisis On OECD Countries

This article investigates shift-contagion as defined by Forbes and Rigobon (2002) in 16 OECD member economies during most recent financial crisis i.e. global financial crisis (2008-2009) and European sovereign debt crisis (2009-2012), using multivariate asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation model developed by Cappiello et al. (2006). The empirical analyses provide substantial evidence of shifts in the dynamic correlations and hence reconfirm shift-contagion during the global financial crisis that originated from U.S. However, there is no evidence in support of shift-contagion during the European sovereign debt crisis which originated from events in Greece. The results provide important implications for investors and policy makers.
Botnet Fingerprinting: Anomaly Detection in SMTP Conversations

This article presents the results obtained during research on detection of unsolicited emails sent by botnets. The distinction from most existing solutions is that the presented approach is based on the analysis of network traffic, specifically the sequence and syntax of SMTP commands observed during email delivery. The authors present several improvements for detecting unsolicited email sources from different botnets (fingerprinting) that can be used during network forensic investigation.
A Four-Antenna System With High Isolation for Mobile Phones

In this letter, a four-antenna system with high isolation for mobile phones is presented. The antenna system, which consists of one main antenna and three auxiliary antennas, is located on the phone circuit board with a size of 135 × 65 × 0.8 mm3. The main antenna located on the top of the circuit is used to send and receive signals, which adopts improved monopole antenna, to cover LTE700/2300/2500, GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS, and 2.4-GHz WLAN bands efficiently. Three auxiliary antennas with the same size of 40 × 6 × 0.8 mm3 are respectively located along the two vertical sides and the bottom of the circuit board. As receiving antennas, these auxiliary antennas work in the 1880-2690-MHz band. By suitable arrangement and design, the isolation between antennas of higher than 15 dB can be obtained, and the efficiency of the antenna system in the working frequency band reaches 40% or above, which can meet the requirements of antenna performance in mobile communication area.