Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced multidimensional spatial functions for unambiguous localization of multiple sparse acoustic sources

The Steered Response Power with PHAT transform (SRP-PHAT) or Global Coherence Field (GCF), has become a standard method for acoustic source localization, thanks to their simplicity, computational inexpensiveness and robustness against mid-high reverberation. However, originally formulated for the single source localization case, it does not apply satisfactorily to the multiple source case. In this paper, we analyze the structure of the spatial function and reshape it according to a generic multidimensional metric. We show that traditional functions are based on the L1 norm which is prone to generate ambiguous locations with high likelihood (i.e. ghosts). A more generic multidimensional kernel based on higher norms and on a partitioned representation of the cross-power spectrum is introduced, which better exploits the source sparseness in the discrete time-frequency domain. Evaluation results over simulated data show that the new spatial functions considerably improve the detection of multiple competing sources in both spatial and multidimensional TDOA domains.
Analyzing emotions in twitter during a crisis: A case study of the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in Korea

Social media has emerged as an effective source to investigate people's opinions in the context of a variety of topics and situations. In particular, many recent studies try to investigate social media during the crisis situations that range from natural disasters to man-made conflicts. In this paper, we investigate people's emotional responses expressed on Twitter during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. Specifically, we first present an emotion analysis method to classify fine-grained emotions in Korean Twitter posts. Then, we conduct a case study of how Korean Twitter users responded to MERS outbreak using our emotion analysis method. Experimental results on Korean benchmark dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed emotion analysis approach on real-world dataset. Moreover, our analysis results on tweets related to MERS outbreak help to understand the behaviors of humans and the characteristics of sociocultural system. Further, our method can be harnessed by the media to automatically investigate public opinions as well as the authorities to gain insights for quickly deciding the assistance policies.
Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S8 References and Notes Dynamics of Single Mrnps in Nuclei of Living Cells

Understanding gene expression requires the ability to follow the fate of individual molecules. Here we use a cellular system for monitoring messenger RNA (mRNA) expression to characterize the movement in real time of single mRNA-protein complexes (mRNPs) in the nucleus of living mammalian cells. This mobility was not directed but was governed by simple diffusion. Some mRNPs were partially corralled throughout the nonhomogenous nuclear environment, but no accumulation at subnuclear domains was observed. Following energy deprivation, energy-independent motion of mRNPs was observed in a highly ATP-dependent nuclear environment; movements were constrained to chromatin-poor domains and excluded by newly formed chromatin barriers. This observation resolves a controversy, showing that the energetic requirements of nuclear mRNP trafficking are consistent with a diffusional model. Recent technological developments have facilitated imaging of single RNA molecules in the cytoplasm of living cells (1). We have developed a cellular system in which the expression of a transgene array can be followed sequentially in single living cells, and we have previously analyzed the particular chromatin-related modifications occurring at this specific locus from a silenced state throughout its transcriptional activation (2). Here we use this system to address the mechanism by which individual mRNA transcripts move within the nucleoplasm after release from the transcription site. In this system, a genetic locus, its transcribed mRNAs, and the translated protein were rendered visible in cells after electroporation with the cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) or the red fluorescent protein (RFP)–lac repressor protein (marks the genomic locus), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)–MS2 (labels the mRNA), and pTet-On (for transcriptional induction) (3). Tran-scriptional activation by doxycycline induced the unfolding of the integrated locus (4) and the recruitment of the YFP-MS2 protein to the locus as a result of the specific labeling of the nascent transcripts bearing the MS2 stem loops. Minutes after induction (15 to 30 min), the MS2 signal began accumulating in the nucleoplasm in a particulate pattern suggestive of mRNA-protein complexes (mRNPs). At later times (1 to 2 hours after induction), mRNPs were detected in the cytoplasm in conjunction with the appearance of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)–labeled per-oxisomes, demonstrating that the tagged RNA was both correctly exported and translated (fig. S1, A to D). These components of the gene expression pathway could be detected simultaneously in living cells (3) [Movies S1 to S5 (5)]. The presence of the nascent RNAs at the site of transcription was verified using fluorescent in situ hybridization …
Mental models: an approach to identify privacy concern and behaviour

Elicitation of privacy concern is a difficult task due to its sensitivity to priming effects. The methodology poses the risk of triggering cognitive processing and activation of mental models leading to responses that might not usually arise in everyday interactions. Privacy is highly contextual and end users’ privacy requirements vary with time, beliefs, experience and perceived social norms. This position paper proposes mental models theory as a paradigm for identifying, measuring and modeling end user privacy attitude, concern, intention and behavior. We review background literature and make a case for how conceptual representation of end user mental models of online privacy provide a valuable structure to investigate links between privacy concerns and behavior. It does so by enabling depiction of conceptual relationships that hold semantic information, which could portray end users’ cognitive processing and reasoning such as identifying concepts that are strong for different users or lead to most associations. Thus mental models would provide a framework for segmentation and identification of pathways from concerns to behaviors.
Study of file encryption and decryption system using security key

The paper tries to have made a study of the security keys of USB, which can achieve these functions such as data encryption, digital signature, and identity authentication. Based on the analysis of the security key system, the paper also introduces its formation, functions and cryptosystem while putting forward a file encryption project on the basis of the USB security key. The project adopts the combination of soft hardware, the software conducting the process of file encryption and hardware taking charge of the management of secret key and the encryption of session key. The project makes a full use of the respective advantages upon the Symmetetric-key cryptosystems and the Publed-key cryptosystem, which means to encrypt the electronic documents by using the algorithms of the Symmetetric-key cryptosystems and transmit its secret key by employing the ones of the Public-key cryptosystem. Simultaneously, the validation of the informative integrity and authenticity have been realized by the use of information abstract algorithms. With high secrity, high efficiency and user-friendliness, the project achieves the file encryption with the strong extendibility of the system on the basis of the characteristics of USB security key.
KENAKALAN ANAK (JUVENILE DELIQUENCY): KAUSALITAS DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGANNYA

Akhir-akhir ini kenakalan anak telah membawa kepada perilaku kejahatan sebagai akibat kasus anak-anak bermasalah dengan hukum. Usaha untuk mengatasi masalah kenakalan anak dilakukan melalui pelanggaran kepolisian maupun tidak. Akan tetapi beberapa pendekatan untuk mencegah dan mengatasi kenakalan anak yang terjadi saat ini memiliki tendensi untuk melakukan pendekatan yang represif. Terlebih lagi memenjarakan anak-anak yang bermasalah dengan hukum masih sangat menonjol. Pendekatan dan metode yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah kenakalan anak harus dilakukan dan didasarkan pada pemahaman yang komprehensif dari sebab-sebabnya. Jadi artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas sebab-sebab kenakalan anak baik dari perspektif teori maupun konsepnya dan juga lingkup hukum serta metode untuk mengatasi kenakalan anak di Indonesia. Currently juvenile deliquency has leaded into criminal behaviour as the result the case of children in conflict with the law arises. The efforts to overcome the matters of juvenile deliquency is performed through penal policy and non penal policy. However, such approaches to prevent and to overcome juvenile deliquency that exist today, have a tendency to perform repressive approach. Moreover, imprisonment to children in conflict with the law is still a very prominent way. The appropriate methode and approach to overcome the matters of juvenile deliquency should be performed and based on deep understanding on the causes of juvenile deliquency. Thus, this article aims to discuss the causes of juvenie deliquency both from the perspective of theories and concepts within juvenile deliquency. Besides that it discuss the legal framework and the methode to overcoming the juvenile deliquency in Indonesia.
Effect of Number of Phases on Losses in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors Equipped With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings

High-speed machines with a solid rotor or a high- strength retaining sleeve could offer design and performance advantages. For a specific application, if the use of a high-strength nonmagnetic metallic retaining sleeve is more advantageous than a nonmetallic (e.g., carbon fiber) one, one needs to evaluate the eddy-current losses due to armature reaction space and time harmonics and/or tooth ripple, as they can be significant. This problem is aggravated furthermore in fractional-slot concentrated-winding machines due to their inherent sub- and super nonsynchronous MMF harmonic components. In this paper, the impact of the number of phases is quantified to help design a lower eddy loss rotor sleeve for a high-speed surface-mounted permanent-magnet rotor machine with fractional-slot concentrated armature winding, FSPCW-SPM. The goal of this paper is to provide a general method for laying out preferred FSPCW configurations. Also, a general method for screening and choosing the optimal slot/pole combinations is presented.
Dynamic Wave Dispersion and Loss Properties of Conventional and Negative Poisson's Ratio Polymeric Cellular Materials

This article describes experimental investigations of the dynamical behaviour of conventional and negative Poisson's ratio foamed materials in torsional vibration. Dispersion of standing waves and cut-off frequencies were observed. Consequently, foamed materials do not obey the classical theory of elasticity or viscoelasticity. The dynamical effects were attributed to microvibrations of the cell ribs in a structural view and were associated with microstructure or micromorphic elasticity in a continuum view. Cut-off frequencies were lower in re-entrant foams with negative Poisson's ratios than in the conventional foams from which they were derived. An analytical model was developed in which the ribs of the conventional foams were modelled as free-free vibrating beams. The predicted cut-off frequencies were comparable to those observed experimentally.
Cascade network architectures

A novel incremental cascade network architecture based on error minimization is presented. The properties of this and related cascade architectures are discussed, and the influence of the objective function is investigated. The performance of the network is achieved by several layers of nonlinear units that are trained in a strictly feedforward manner and one after the other. Nonlinearity is generated by using sigmoid units and, optionally, additional powers of their activity values. Extensive benchmarking results for the XOR problem are reported, as are various classification tasks, and time series prediction. These are compared to other results reported in the literature. Direct cascading is proposed as promising approach to introducing context information in the approximation process. <<ETX>>
Molecular dynamics simulations of ion transport through carbon nanotubes

MD simulations of the flow of aqueous NaCl and NaI solutions through carbon nanotubes (CNTs), performed by a homemade computer code (MDsquad), are presented. The dependence of diverse transport features on the solute specificity and concentration, on the nanotube geometry, applied electric and pressure fields, and the various atomic models, including polarizability, is discussed. The results confirm the set in of ion translocation for the (8,8) CNT and extend the explanations to larger chiralities. The usage of rigid-body dynamics for the water molecules (in the quaternion formulation) assures superior accuracy and efficiency in simulations of up to 0.4 μs by naturally reducing the number of degrees of freedom and by avoiding the necessity of "shake"-type algorithms for preserving molecular structure. The non-polarizable four-site model TIP4P [1] and the polarizable five-site model COS/G2 [2] are employed to model water. Besides periodic boundary conditions, the long-range electrostatic interactions are accounted for by using the PM particle-particle/particle-mesh FFT-accelerated Ewald sum method [3]. The cylindrical water layers formed inside the channel (Fig. 1) enclose alternating regions of peaking solute ion density corresponding to most probable transition paths. Both considered anion species pass through the narrow CNTs on average in the vicinity of the water boundary layer, but the Cl ions move closer to the axis with increasing channel radius The electrostatic potential drop across the channel decreases roughly linear with the pore radius, being insensitive to the solute type or polarizability. The most significant dynamic results regard the (qualitatively parabolic) pore radius dependence of the net ionic current, the distinct selectivity of the CNTs to the anion species and the little relevance of the inclusion of polarizable models.
Virtual Machines Migration based on Greedy Algorithm in Cloud Computing

In this paper, a method is proposed for virtual machine migration from one data center to another. The proposed method uses the greedy algorithm for virtual machine selection. Virtual machines within a cluster are given priority, which reduces the total migration time of a cluster. This method is simulated in CloudSim tools in Eclipse. Simulation results show that the bandwidth parameter has the important role in the virtual machine migration.
A Japanese Word Dependency Corpus

In this paper, we present a corpus annotated with dependency relationships in Japanese. It contains about 30 thousand sentences in various domains. Six domains in Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese have part-of-speech and pronunciation annotation as well. Dictionary example sentences have pronunciation annotation and cover basic vocabulary in Japanese with English sentence equivalent. Economic newspaper articles also have pronunciation annotation and the topics are similar to those of Penn Treebank. Invention disclosures do not have other annotation, but it has a clear application, machine translation. The unit of our corpus is word like other languages contrary to existing Japanese corpora whose unit is phrase called bunsetsu. Each sentence is manually segmented into words. We first present the specification of our corpus. Then we give a detailed explanation about our standard of word dependency. We also report some preliminary results of an MST-based dependency parser on our corpus.
”BIK/NBK Gene Expression as a Possible Marker of Circulating BreastCancer Cells in Blood“

The detection of circulating breast cancer cells in blood could be of special interest as an indicator of diagnosis and prognosis, and for the selection of treatment. In a previous report, our research group determined gene expression pro- files in samples of breast cancer tissue, identifying over-expression of the BIK/NBK mRNA gene in 90% of the analyzed samples. In this paper, we analyze the BIK/NBK gene expression as a possible biomarker of circulating breast cancer cells in blood. We demonstrate that the BIK/NBK gene expression is not a significant biomarker in the detection of circulating breast cancer cells in the blood of women with breast cancer. Several studies have evaluated the regulation of apoptosis by estrogens in breast cancer cells, demonstrating the importance of BIK/NBK protein, in estrogen-regulated breast cancer cell apoptosis, which suggests that the regulation of its expression may be an important therapeutic target or strategy in the management of cancer, and, although we did not find statistically significant differences among the patient groups to demonstrate that BIK/NBK gene expression is a biomarker of circulating breast cancer cells in blood, we consider it neces- sary to continue the study of this gene in breast cancer tissue and its role in the development and progression of breast cancer, its prognostic value, and its potential use as therapeutic target.
Defining and targeting health disparities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to grow in part due to better outcomes in other major diseases and in part because a substantial portion of the worldwide population continues to be exposed to inhalant toxins. However, a disproportionate burden of COPD occurs in people of low socioeconomic status (SES) due to differences in health behaviors, sociopolitical factors, and social and structural environmental exposures. Tobacco use, occupations with exposure to inhalant toxins, and indoor biomass fuel (BF) exposure are more common in low SES populations. Not only does SES affect the risk of developing COPD and etiologies, it is also associated with worsened COPD health outcomes. Effective interventions in these people are needed to decrease these disparities. Efforts that may help lessen these health inequities in low SES include 1) better surveillance targeting diagnosed and undiagnosed COPD in disadvantaged people, 2) educating the public and those involved in health care provision about the disease, 3) improving access to cost-effective and affordable health care, and 4) markedly increasing the efforts to prevent disease through smoking cessation, minimizing use and exposure to BF, and decreasing occupational exposures. COPD is considered to be one the most preventable major causes of death from a chronic disease in the world; therefore, effective interventions could have a major impact on reducing the global burden of the disease, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
Experimental and Theoretical Bases of Specific Affinity, a Cytoarchitecture-Based Formulation of Nutrient Collection Proposed To Supercede the Michaelis-Menten Paradigm of Microbial Kinetics

ABSTRACT A theory for solute uptake by whole cells was derived with a focus on the ability of oligobacteria to sequester nutrients. It provided a general relationship that was used to obtain the kinetic constants for in situ marine populations in the presence of naturally occurring substrates. In situ affinities of 0.9 to 400 liters g of cells−1 h−1 found were up to 103 times smaller than those from a “Marinobacter arcticus ” isolate, but springtime values were greatly increased by warming. Affinities of the isolate for usual polar substrates but not for hydrocarbons were diminished by ionophores. A kinetic curve or Monod plot was constructed from the best available data for cytoarchitectural components of the isolate by using the theory together with concepts and calculations from first principles. The order of effect of these components on specific affinity was membrane potential > cytoplasmic enzyme concentration > cytoplasmic enzyme affinity > permease concentration > area of the permease site > translation coefficient > porin concentration. Component balance was influential as well; a small increase in cytoplasmic enzyme concentration gave a large increase in the effect of permease concentration. The effect of permease concentration on specific affinity was large, while the effect on Km was small. These results are in contrast to the Michaelis-Menten theory as applied by Monod that has uptake kinetics dependent on the quality of the permease molecules, with Km as an independent measure of affinity. Calculations demonstrated that most oligobacteria in the environment must use multiple substrates simultaneously to attain sufficient energy and material for growth, a requirement consistent with communities largely comprising few species.
Standardised curriculum and hermeneutics: the case of Australian vocational educators

Abstract Curriculum theorists have acknowledged the relevance of ‘hermeneutics’, or theory of interpretation and understanding, to curriculum studies. In the European ‘Didaktik’ tradition hermeneutics has also been applied to the curriculum work of educators, but such an extension is rarer in the Anglo-American tradition. Educators in the latter tradition are expected to implement rather than actively interpret standardised curriculum. However, working with standardised curriculum is a process rich with hermeneutic significance. In this paper educator work with one form of standardized curriculum, so-called ‘competency-based’ education, is investigated. The touchstone of this investigation is a small study of educator curriculum interpretation practices in the Australian vocational education system, a system that allows educators very little scope to exercise professional autonomy with respect to the content of learning. Wilhelm Dilthey’s seminal hermeneutic theory is used to analyse the interpretative work of these educators. The paper foregrounds the complexity of this hermeneutic practice and challenges the assumption that the interpretation of standardised curriculum is a straightforward process. The argument is made that Australia’s vocational education system underestimates the hermeneutic dimension of educator work and further complicates the process by promulgating a textual form that is hermeneutically ambiguous.
An Effective Risk Computation Metric for Android Malware Detection

Android has been targeted by malware developers since it has emerged as widest used operating system for smartphones and mobile devices. Android security mainly relies on user decisions regarding to installing applications (apps) by approving their requested permissions. Therefore, a systematic user assistance mechanism for making appropriate decisions can significantly improve the security of Android based devices by preventing malicious apps installation. However, the criticality of permissions and the security risk values of apps are not well determined for users in order to make correct decisions. In this study, a new metric is introduced for effective risk computation of untrusted apps based on their required permissions. The metric leverages both frequency of permission usage in malwares and rarity of them in normal apps. Based on the proposed metric, an algorithm is developed and implemented for identifying critical permissions and effective risk computation. The proposed solution can be directly used by the mobile owners to make better decisions or by Android markets to filter out suspicious apps for further examination. Empirical evaluations on real malicious and normal app samples show that the proposed metric has high malware detection rate and is superior to recently proposed risk score measurements. Moreover, it has good performance on unseen apps in term of security risk computation.