Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid accumulation after closure of atrial septal defects: the role of colloid osmotic pressure.

OBJECTIVES Following paediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), there is a tendency for fluid accumulation. The colloid osmotic pressure of plasma (COPp) and interstitial fluid (COPi) are determinants of transcapillary fluid exchange but only COPp has been measured in sick children. The aim of this study was to assess the net colloid osmotic pressure gradient in children undergoing atrial septal defect closure. METHODS Twenty-three patients had interventional and 18 had surgical atrial septal defect closures. Interstitial fluid was harvested using a wick method before and after surgery with CPB with concomitant blood samples. COP was measured using a colloid osmometer for small fluid samples. Baseline COP was compared with data from healthy children. RESULTS COPp at baseline was 21.9 ± 2.8 and 21.4 ± 2.2 mmHg in the interventional and surgical groups, respectively, and was significantly lower than in healthy children (25.5 ± 3.1 mmHg) (P < 0.001). In the surgical group, the use of CPB significantly reduced COPp to 16.9 ± 2.9 mmHg (P < 0.001) and the colloid osmotic gradient [ΔCOP (COPp - COPi)] to 2.9 ± 3.8 mmHg (P < 0.001) compared with interventional procedure. One hour after the procedure, COPi was 15.6 ± 3.8 mmHg and 9.9 ± 2.1 mmHg (P < 0.001) and the ΔCOP was 5.4 ± 3.0 mmHg and 9.1 ± 3.1 mmHg (P < 0.003) in the interventional and surgical groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Baseline COPp and COPi were lower in atrial septal defect patients compared with healthy children. The significantly lower COP gradient during CPB may explain the tendency for more fluid accumulation with pericardial effusion in the surgical group. The increased COP gradient after CPB may represent an oedema-preventive mechanism.
Toward automated assessment of health Web page quality using the DISCERN instrument

Background As the Internet becomes the number one destination for obtaining health-related information, there is an increasing need to identify health Web pages that convey an accurate and current view of medical knowledge. In response, the research community has created multicriteria instruments for reliably assessing online medical information quality. One such instrument is DISCERN, which measures health Web page quality by assessing an array of features. In order to scale up use of the instrument, there is interest in automating the quality evaluation process by building machine learning (ML)-based DISCERN Web page classifiers. Objective The paper addresses 2 key issues that are essential before constructing automated DISCERN classifiers: (1) generation of a robust DISCERN training corpus useful for training classification algorithms, and (2) assessment of the usefulness of the current DISCERN scoring schema as a metric for evaluating the performance of these algorithms. Methods Using DISCERN, 272 Web pages discussing treatment options in breast cancer, arthritis, and depression were evaluated and rated by trained coders. First, different consensus models were compared to obtain a robust aggregated rating among the coders, suitable for a DISCERN ML training corpus. Second, a new DISCERN scoring criterion was proposed (features-based score) as an ML performance metric that is more reflective of the score distribution across different DISCERN quality criteria. Results First, we found that a probabilistic consensus model applied to the DISCERN instrument was robust against noise (random ratings) and superior to other approaches for building a training corpus. Second, we found that the established DISCERN scoring schema (overall score) is ill-suited to measure ML performance for automated classifiers. Conclusion Use of a probabilistic consensus model is advantageous for building a training corpus for the DISCERN instrument, and use of a features-based score is an appropriate ML metric for automated DISCERN classifiers. Availability The code for the probabilistic consensus model is available at https://bitbucket.org/A_2/em_dawid/ .
Contention-based congestion management in large-scale networks

Global adaptive routing exploits non-minimal paths to improve performance on adversarial traffic patterns and load-balance network channels in large-scale networks. However, most prior work on global adaptive routing have assumed admissible traffic pattern where no endpoint node is oversubscribed. In the presence of a greedy flow or hotspot traffic, we show how exploiting path diversity with global adaptive routing can spread network congestion and degrade performance. When global adaptive routing is combined with congestion management, the two types of congestion - network congestion that occurs within the interconnection network channels and endpoint congestion that occurs from oversubscribed endpoint nodes - are not properly differentiated. As a result, previously proposed congestion management mechanisms that are effective in addressing endpoint congestion are not necessarily effective when global adaptive routing is also used in the network. Thus, we propose a novel, low-cost contention-based congestion management (CBCM) to identify endpoint congestion based on the contention within the intermediate routers and at the endpoint nodes. While contention also occurs for network congestion, the endpoint nodes or the destination determines whether the congestion is endpoint congestion or network congestion. If it is only network congestion, CBCM ignores the network congestion and adaptive routing is allowed to minimize network congestion. However, if endpoint congestion occurs, CBCM throttles the hotspot senders and minimally route the traffic through a separate VC. Our evaluation across different traffic patterns and network sizes demonstrates that our approach is more robust in identifying endpoint congestion in the network while complementing global adaptive routing to avoid network congestion.
A simple and fast automatic face colour identification for reducing the search space

Accuracy is the most important objective of this missing child identification problem. If the database is huge and the age gap between the missing time and the time of identification is large then the accuracy is very low. The accuracy of detection increases with reduction of search space or the database size. Therefore there is a need for reducing the search space into an appropriate smaller search space where the possibility of getting information about the query image is high. In this paper we tried to reduce the search space of missing persons by classifying into three colour class. The search space is classified into three sub space according to the skin colour of the query image. We proposed two methods to divide the entire data space into Dark, Medium and Fair groups. The two proposed methods are based on histogram feature and statistical features. The proposed methods help to reduce the search space approximately upto two third of the actual search space.
CESAR 2.0 substantially improves speed and accuracy of comparative gene annotation

Motivation: Homology‐based gene prediction is a powerful concept to annotate newly sequenced genomes. We have previously demonstrated that whole genome alignments can be utilized for accurate comparative coding gene annotation. Results: Here we present CESAR 2.0 that utilizes genome alignments to transfer coding gene annotations from one reference to many other aligned genomes. We show that CESAR 2.0 is 77 times faster and requires 31 times less memory compared to its predecessor. CESAR 2.0 substantially improves the ability to align splice sites that have shifted over larger distances, allowing for precise identification of the exon boundaries in the aligned genome. Finally, CESAR 2.0 supports entire genes, which enables the annotation of joined exons that arose by complete intron deletions. CESAR 2.0 can readily be applied to new genome alignments to annotate coding genes in many other genomes at improved accuracy and without necessitating large‐computational resources. Availability and implementation: Source code is freely available at https://github.com/hillerlab/CESAR2.0 Contact: hiller@mpi‐cbg.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Infant behaviour questionnaire – revised version: a psychometric study in a Portuguese sample

Abstract Background: Although the original characteristics of temperament tend to remain constant over the course of development, environmental circumstances may influence infants’ reactions and behaviour. Parents’ reports of infant temperament are rich informants of infant behaviours in different contexts. Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire – Revised (IBQ-R) and test the adequacy of the original and other previously published structures to the Portuguese data. Method: 330 mothers and 81 fathers of children aged between 3 and 12 months completed the Portuguese version of the IBQ-R. Results: The confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a non-adequate model fit of the IBQ-R original structure to the Portuguese data; nonetheless, it did reveal an adequate model fit of a previous published IBQ-R structure. This structure, although only slightly different from the original one, seems to be more suitable for the Portuguese data. Conclusion: This study provides data that indicates that the IBQ-R is a reliable questionnaire to evaluate infant temperament in the Portuguese culture.
Association of MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 with decreased recurrence-free survival and overall survival in bladder cancer patients

Background We previously reported an accurate urine-based bladder cancer (BCa)-associated diagnostic signature that can be used to non-invasively detect BCa. In this study, we investigated whether a component of this signature could risk stratify patients with BCa. Methods Utilizing immunohistochemistry, we investigated angiogenin, MMP-2, p53, RB and PAI-1 expression from 939 patients with BCa. The expression levels were scored by assigning a proportion score and an intensity score to yield a total staining score for each protein. The expressions of each protein individually and as an aggregate were then correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results Differential expressions of these markers were noted in BCa. With multivariate analysis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) age, tumor grade portended a worse PFS, while age, tumor grade, nodal status, MMP2, RB and PAI-1 expression portended a worse OS. As for multivariate analysis in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), age MMP-2 and RB were associated with a worse PFS, while age, nodal status, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 were associated with a worse OS. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we noted a significant reduction in OS as more of the five biomarkers were expressed in a tumor. Thus, overall, high expressions of MMP-2, RB and/or PAI-1 in bladder tumors were markers of poor prognosis. Conclusion Individually, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1, as well as in aggregate correlated with poor survival in patients with BCa. Thus, patients whose bladder tumors express these biomarkers may benefit from early radical treatment and/or neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies.
Congenital Sensorineural Deafness in Australian Stumpy-Tail Cattle Dogs Is an Autosomal Recessive Trait That Maps to CFA10

Background Congenital sensorineural deafness is an inherited condition found in many dog breeds, including Australian Stumpy-tail Cattle Dogs (ASCD). This deafness is evident in young pups and may affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). The genetic locus/loci involved is unknown for all dog breeds. The aims of this study were to determine incidence, inheritance mechanism, and possible association of congenital sensorineural deafness with coat colour in ASCD and to identify the genetic locus underpinning this disease. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 315 ASCD were tested for sensorineural deafness using the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) test. Disease penetrance was estimated directly, using the ratio of unilaterally to bilaterally deaf dogs, and segregation analysis was performed using Mendel. A complete genome screen was undertaken using 325 microsatellites spread throughout the genome, on a pedigree of 50 BAER tested ASCD in which deafness was segregating. Fifty-six dogs (17.8%) were deaf, with 17 bilaterally and 39 unilaterally deaf. Unilaterally deaf dogs showed no significant left/right bias (p = 0.19) and no significant difference was observed in frequencies between the sexes (p = 0.18). Penetrance of deafness was estimated as 0.72. Testing the association of red/blue coat colour and deafness without accounting for pedigree structure showed that red dogs were 1.8 times more likely to be deaf (p = 0.045). The within family association between red/blue coat colour and deafness was strongly significant (p = 0.00036), with red coat colour segregating more frequently with deafness (COR = 0.48). The relationship between deafness and coat speckling approached significance (p = 0.07), with the lack of statistical significance possibly due to only four families co-segregating for both deafness and speckling. The deafness phenotype was mapped to CFA10 (maximum linkage peak on CFA10 −log10 p-value = 3.64), as was both coat colour and speckling. Fine mapping was then performed on 45 of these 50 dogs and a further 48 dogs (n = 93). Sequencing candidate gene Sox10 in 6 hearing ASCD, 2 unilaterally deaf ASCD and 2 bilaterally deaf ASCD did not reveal any disease-associated mutations. Conclusions Deafness in ASCD is an incompletely penetrant autosomal recessive inherited disease that maps to CFA10.
Intracellular Positioning of Isoforms Explains an Unusually Large Adenylate Kinase Gene Family in the Parasite Trypanosoma brucei*[boxs]

Adenylate kinases occur classically as cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, but the expression of seven adenylate kinases in the flagellated protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei (order, Kinetoplastida; family, Trypanosomatidae) easily exceeds the number of isoforms previously observed within a single cell and raises questions as to their location and function. We show that a requirement to target adenylate kinase into glycosomes, which are unique kinetoplastid-specific microbodies of the peroxisome class in which many reactions of carbohydrate metabolism are compartmentalized, and two different flagellar structures as well as cytoplasm and mitochondrion explains the expansion of this gene family in trypanosomes. The three isoforms that are selectively built into either the flagellar axoneme or the extra-axonemal paraflagellar rod, which is essential for motility, all contain long N-terminal extensions. Biochemical analysis of the only short form trypanosome adenylate kinase revealed that this enzyme catalyzes phosphotransfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to AMP, CMP, and UMP acceptors; its high activity and specificity toward CMP is likely to reflect an adaptation to very low intracellular cytidine nucleotide pools. Analysis of some of the phosphotransfer network using RNA interference suggests considerable complexity within the homeostasis of cellular energetics. The anchoring of specific adenylate kinases within two distinct flagellar structures provides a paradigm for metabolic organization and efficiency in other flagellates.
Package Design Affects Accuracy Recognition for Medications

Objective: Our aim was to test if highlighting and placement of substance name on medication package have the potential to reduce patient errors. Background: An unintentional overdose of medication is a large health issue that might be linked to medication package design. In two experiments, placement, background color, and the active ingredient of generic medication packages were manipulated according to best human factors guidelines to reduce causes of labeling-related patient errors. Method: In two experiments, we compared the original packaging with packages where we varied placement of the name, dose, and background of the active ingredient. Age-relevant differences and the effect of color on medication recognition error were tested. In Experiment 1, 59 volunteers (30 elderly and 29 young students), participated. In Experiment 2, 25 volunteers participated. Results: The most common error was the inability to identify that two different packages contained the same active ingredient (young, 41%, and elderly, 68%). This kind of error decreased with the redesigned packages (young, 8%, and elderly, 16%). Confusion errors related to color design were reduced by two thirds in the redesigned packages compared with original generic medications. Conclusion: Prominent placement of substance name and dose with a band of high-contrast color support recognition of the active substance in medications. Application: A simple modification including highlighting and placing the name of the active ingredient in the upper right-hand corner of the package helps users realize that two different packages can contain the same active substance, thus reducing the risk of inadvertent medication overdose.
Combining nominal and continuous properties in an incremental learning system for design

Research in machine learning has produced many learning algorithms mainly for classification tasks. This paper reports on an extension made to the learning program COBWEB to allow it to handle examples described by a more complex description language. The paper describes Bridger, a system that implements this, as well as other extensions. Bridger, combines leaning and performance in design tasks. The extension implemented has been tested succesfully in four design domains. This extension and others are necessary for allowing Bridger to master design rather than simple classification tasks. This work has supported in part by the Engineering Design Research Center, a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center, and the Sun Company Grant for Engineering Design Research. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES CARNEG32 FLL . ' : " T ^
Spatial distribution and interannual variation of surface PM 10 concentrations over eighty-six Chinese cities

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the aerosols over 86 Chinese cities was reconstructed from air pollution index (API) records for summer 2000 to winter 2006. PM10 (particulate matter ≤10 μm) mass concentrations were calculated for days when PM10 was the principal pollutant, these accounted for 91.6% of the total 150 428 recorded days. The 83 cities in mid-eastern China (100° E to 130° E) were separated into three latitudinal zones using natural landscape features as boundaries. Areas with high PM10 level in northern China (127 to 192 μg m−3) included Urumchi, Lanzhou-Xining, Weinan-Xi'an, Taiyuan-Datong-Yangquan-Changzhi, Pingdingshan-Kaifeng, Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang, Jinan, and Shenyang-Anshan-Fushun; in the middle zone, high PM10 (119–147 μg m−3) occurred at Chongqing-Chengdu-Luzhou, Changsha-Wuhan, and Nanjing-Hangzhou; in the southern zone, only four cities (Qujing, Guiyang, Guangzhou and Shaoguan) showed PM10 concentration >80 μg m−3. The median PM10 concentration decreased from 108 μg m−3 for the northern cities to 95 μg m−3 and 55 μg m−3 for the middle and southern zones, respectively. PM10 concentration and the APIs both exhibited wintertime maxima, summertime minima, and the second highest values in spring. PM10showed evidence for a decreasing trend for the northern cities while in the other zones urban PM10 levels fluctuated, but showed no obvious change over time. The spatial distribution of PM10 was compared with the emissions, and the relationship between the surface PM10 concentration and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was also discussed.
Automatic affective responses towards the bed in patients with primary insomnia: evidence for a negativity bias

Ruminating about sleep problems and negatively valenced thinking play a key role in the maintenance of sleep complaints in patients with insomnia. Based on associative learning principles, we hypothesized that repeated co‐occurrence of negative thoughts (unconditioned stimulus) and the bedroom environment (conditioned stimulus) results in automatic negative affective responses towards the bed (conditioned response). Twenty‐two insomniacs and 22 good sleepers performed a Single‐Target Implicit Association Test measuring the strength of automatically triggered affective responses towards the bed. Results revealed a significant group difference, indicating a stronger negative affective response towards the bed in patients with insomnia. No correlations were found between the strength of negative affective responses towards the bed and subjective measures of sleep quality. As it might increase the stress experience further during bedtime, automatic negative responses towards the bed are likely to represent an additional factor accounting for the development and maintenance of sleep disorders and represent a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Generalized Face Super-Resolution

Existing learning-based face super-resolution (hallucination) techniques generate high-resolution images of a single facial modality (i.e., at a fixed expression, pose and illumination) given one or set of low-resolution face images as probe. Here, we present a generalized approach based on a hierarchical tensor (multilinear) space representation for hallucinating high-resolution face images across multiple modalities, achieving generalization to variations in expression and pose. In particular, we formulate a unified tensor which can be reduced to two parts: a global image-based tensor for modeling the mappings among different facial modalities, and a local patch-based multiresolution tensor for incorporating high-resolution image details. For realistic hallucination of unregistered low-resolution faces contained in raw images, we develop an automatic face alignment algorithm capable of pixel-wise alignment by iteratively warping the probing face to its projection in the space of training face images. Our experiments show not only performance superiority over existing benchmark face super-resolution techniques on single modal face hallucination, but also novelty of our approach in coping with multimodal hallucination and its robustness in automatic alignment under practical imaging conditions.