Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Salmonellosis: Estimation of Dose‐Illness from Outbreak Data

The quantification of the relationship between the amount of microbial organisms ingested and a specific outcome such as infection, illness, or mortality is a key aspect of quantitative risk assessment. A main problem in determining such dose‐response models is the availability of appropriate data. Human feeding trials have been criticized because only young healthy volunteers are selected to participate and low doses, as often occurring in real life, are typically not considered. Epidemiological outbreak data are considered to be more valuable, but are more subject to data uncertainty. In this article, we model the dose‐illness relationship based on data of 20 Salmonella outbreaks, as discussed by the World Health Organization. In particular, we model the dose‐illness relationship using generalized linear mixed models and fractional polynomials of dose. The fractional polynomial models are modified to satisfy the properties of different types of dose‐illness models as proposed by Teunis et al. Within these models, differences in host susceptibility (susceptible versus normal population) are modeled as fixed effects whereas differences in serovar type and food matrix are modeled as random effects. In addition, two bootstrap procedures are presented. A first procedure accounts for stochastic variability whereas a second procedure accounts for both stochastic variability and data uncertainty. The analyses indicate that the susceptible population has a higher probability of illness at low dose levels when the combination pathogen‐food matrix is extremely virulent and at high dose levels when the combination is less virulent. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that immunity exists in the normal population but not in the susceptible population.
Detection of an ellipse by use of a recursive least-squares estimator

A method for detecting an ellipse in an image by use of a recursive least-squares estimator is described. This method is based on classifying the behavior of parameters in a quadratic equation estimated by the estimator. The segmentation of an image is executed using a statistical measure called the adjacent separability factor. Noise elimination is performed by the expansion-contraction method and a contour for each region is extracted. Points on the contour are supplied to a recursive least-squares estimator in succession and the parameters in a quadratic equation are estimated recursively. It is possible to decide whether the contour is an ellipse by analyzing the behavior of an estimated parameter. A main feature of this method is the generality and the simplicity of the procedure.
Insects synthesize pheomelanin

1 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Do~nana Biological Station—CSIC, Sevilla, Spain 2 National Museum of Natural Sciences—CSIC, Madrid, Spain 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain 4 Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan Correspondence Ismael Galv! an, e-mail: galvan@ebd.csic. es
Congenital orbital teratoma.

BACKGROUND The occurrence of proptosis at birth is unusual and may be associated with a variety of tumours and structural abnormalities. Congenital orbital teratoma is a rare cause of congenital proptosis. METHODS A case report is presented of a female infant with gross right proptosis. RESULTS Computed tomography demonstrated a characteristic multicystic structure with no intracranial involvement. Histological examination found tissues derived from all three germ cell layers, consistent with a congenita orbital teratoma. The tumour was successfully removed preserving the globe and vision. CONCLUSIONS This report is an example of how early surgical intervention may allow preservation of the globe and vision in some patients with congenital orbital teratoma.
Minning Queries From Search Results : A Survey

: Address the problem of finding facets from query which explain the content covered by query. Most queries in web search are mainly ambiguous in nature . Understanding the search intent of users is essential for satisfying a user’s search needs. Most of the queries are ambiguous. There are many methods for mining queries from their search results . This paper presents a survey about mining queries from their search result.
New corner detector using non-cornerness measure

In this paper, we present a novel corner detection method based on a new non-cornerness measure. The non-cornerness function is comprised of two steps: 1) eliminate any pixel located in a flat region and 2) remove a pixel that is positioned along an edge in any orientation. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms previous corner detectors.
Identification of the first non‐Jewish mutation in familial Dysautonomia

Familial Dysautonomia is an autosomal recessive disease with a remarkably high carrier frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. It has recently been estimated that as many as 1 in 27 Ashkenazi Jews is a carrier of FD. The FD gene has been identified as IKBKAP, and two disease‐causing mutations have been identified. The most common mutation, which is present on 99.5% of all FD chromosomes, is an intronic splice site mutation that results in tissue‐specific skipping of exon 20. The second mutation, R696P, is a missense mutation that has been identified in 4 unrelated patients heterozygous for the major splice mutation. Interestingly, despite the fact that FD is a recessive disease, normal mRNA and protein are expressed in patient cells. To date, the diagnosis of FD has been limited to individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and identification of the gene has led to widespread diagnostic and carrier testing in this population. In this report, we describe the first non‐Jewish IKBKAP mutation, a proline to leucine missense mutation in exon 26, P914L. This mutation is of particular significance because it was identified in a patient who lacks one of the cardinal diagnostic criteria for the disease–pure Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. In light of this fact, the diagnostic criteria for FD must be expanded. Furthermore, in order to ensure carrier identification in all ethnicities, this mutation must now be considered when screening for FD. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of field dependent mobility and simultaneous consideration of both SRH and auger recombination on the analytical modeling of internal quantum efficiency of a si-solar cell

In this paper an analytical model of internal quantum efficiency of a silicon solar cell has been developed to show the effects of field dependency of the carrier mobility and the simultaneous consideration of SRH and Auger recombination mechanisms in a non-uniformly doped emitter. In developing this model the doping dependency of carrier lifetime as well as the band-gap narrowing effect due to heavy emitter doping level is considered. An exponential approximation technique is used to deduce an analytically solvable governing differential equation. The developed model shows that the internal quantum efficiency significantly varied due to the field-dependency of carrier mobility and also, due to the simultaneous consideration of SRH and Auger recombination.
Targets Association across Multiple Cameras by Learning Transfer Models

In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the problem of targets association and tracking across multiple cameras of non-overlapping views. The method is divided into two parts. One is an improvement on appearance transfer model, another is an improvement on spatio-temporal transfer model. To learn inter-camera appearance transfer models, lαβ color space is used to calibrate images. By this way, the overall and local information can be used, which has advantage to color transform correction. To learn spatio-temporal transfer model, entry/exit zones of a non-overlapping topology can be effectively estimated by defining valid link and using clustering method. Then a kind of time constrain is set between two nodes to judge whether there is correlation of observations. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Transforming growth factor β1, the dominant cytokine in murine prion disease: influence on inflammatory cytokine synthesis and alteration of vascular extracellular matrix

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown the ME7 model of murine scrapie to be accompanied by an atypical inflammatory response that is characterized by marked astroglial and microglial activation but also by the lack of significant expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6. The aim of this study was to determine whether, in the absence of IL‐1β and IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α may play an equivalent pro‐inflammatory role, or if an anti‐inflammatory cytokine profile dominates. We have used competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 in the ME7 model, using their expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute inflammation as a positive control. Levels of mRNA were elevated for all three cytokines during acute inflammation, while TGF‐β1 mRNA alone was significantly elevated in ME7‐injected brains. Similarly, by ELISA, we detected elevated IL‐10, TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 in LPS‐injected animals but only significant elevation of TGF‐β1 in ME7‐injected animals. An increase in laminin and collagen IV deposition around blood vessels was also observed and is consistent with up‐regulation by active TGF‐β1. These findings suggest that TGF‐β1 may play a central role in maintenance of an atypical microglial phenotype and may also be involved in vascular and extracellular matrix changes.
Localized lymphadenitis due to leishmania. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Sir, Localized leishmania lymphadenitis (LLL) is not a well known form of infection by Leishmania and is now considered as a limited form of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) where lymphadenopathy is the only manifestation of the disease. ' In immunocompromised states, it can present as a focus of visceral dissemination of the parasite with an atypical clinical course. Although LLL is an uncommon cause of lymphadenopathy it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with enlargement of a single lymph node, especially where leishmaniasis is endemic, such as European countries bordering the Mediterranean, or in travellers from these areas. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis is made by visualizing leishmania organisms (Leishman-Donovani bodies) under the microscope. Culture of the parasite in Nicolle-Novy-McNeal's medium or others, skin and serological tests are not totally satisfactory. We present two cases of LLL, both diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from solitary lymphadenopathy. One case has been previously communicated.3
Rammed earth construction: effect of the relative humidity on the stability and resistance of earth wall

El objetivo del proyecto es analizar la influencia de la humedad relativa en la estabilidad y resistencia de una estructura construida con tierra compactada. Esta tecnica consiste en compactar sucesivas capas de suelo dentro de un molde. La compactacion puede ser manual o bien, mecanica. Como es sabido, esta tecnica requiere una cuidadosa ejecucion debido a la fuerte influencia de las condiciones climaticas en las prestaciones de la construccion, debido a que la transferencia de la humedad esta directamente relacionada con la microestructura del material, lo que obliga a una meticulosa evaluacion. El comportamiento hidro-mecanico de la estructura debe ser analizado considerando la composicion del material y la interaccion entre las diferentes fases. En primer lugar, se hara una explicacion de las caracteristicas del suelo y las leyes en las que se han basado las investigaciones. El estudio continuara mediante la simulacion de la estructura en diferentes situaciones. El comportamiento mecanico se estudiara mediante la simulacion del viento horizontal, asi como las cargas verticales en las plantas (dado que la estructura que se esta estudiando es la mitad de una vivienda con dos pisos). Despues, teniendo unicamente en cuenta las condiciones hidraulicas en Belgica, se analizara la transferencia de humedad, asi como la presion del agua. Una vez completado estos pasos, se llevara a cabo un acoplamiento de ambos enfoques. El estudio se hara para un periodo de analisis de al menos 6 anos, ya que en investigaciones previas se concluye que la estructura se estabiliza frente a las condiciones climaticas en el quinto ano. Tras este estudio podemos concluir que el efecto hidraulico es considerablemente elevado en comparacion con el efecto mecanico producido por las cargas exteriores. Cuando ambas condiciones se aplican es posible despreciar las tensiones producidas por cargas exteriores. Estas tensiones afectaran a la estructura una vez dichas cargas hayan sido elevadas. Cuando se aplican unicamente las cargas exteriores, la estructura final sufre un desplazamiento maximo de aproximadamente 2 cm. En el caso en el que unicamente se aplica la condicion climatica, la estructura se deforma en la direccion vertical 6 cm. Cuando se consideran ambos efectos, la construccion se deforma 7cm. Por lo que se puede observar, las condiciones climaticas tienen un mayor efecto en las tensiones y por lo tanto en las deformaciones de la estructura en comparacion con las cargas exteriores.
Tightly-Coupled INS, GPS, and Imaging Sensors for Precision Geolocation

Abstract : Recent technological advances have significantly improved the capabilities of micro-air vehicles (MAV). This is evidenced by their expanding use by government, police, and military forces. A MAV can provide a real-time surveillance capability to even the smallest units, which provides commanders with a significant advantage. This capability is a result of the availability of miniaturized autopilot systems which typically combine inertial, pitot-static, and GPS sensors into a feedback flight-control system. While these autopilots can provide an autonomous flight capability, they have some limitations which impact their operational effectiveness. One of the primary issues is poor image geolocation performance, which limits the use of these systems for direct measurements of target locations. This poor geolocation performance is primarily a consequence of the relatively large attitude errors characteristic of low-performance inertial sensors. In previous efforts, we have developed a tightly-coupled image-aided inertial navigation system to operate in areas not serviced by GPS. This system extracts navigation information by automatically detecting and tracking stationary optical features of opportunity in the environment. One characteristic of this system is vastly reduced attitude errors, even with consumer-grade inertial sensors. In this paper, the benefits of incorporating image-based navigation techniques with inertial and GPS measurements is explored. After properly integrating GPS with the image-aided inertial architecture, the system is tested using a combination of Monte-Carlo simulation and flight test data. The flight test data was flown over Edwards AFB using representative hardware. The experimental results are compared with validated truth data.
Rich-link oriented graph model for improving query performance

The real world is complex network as it's known better to be modeled as a graph model. The relationships of complex network often are formed as a rich and high-order links. A huge relational data model in many domains is needed to be converted to a graph model to get some advantages of this model. We proposed rich-link (RL) oriented graph model to overcome the naïve graph data model by considering the semantics of the real world. We conducted some experiments to compare the performance between the naïve model and RL Model. We investigated that the RL model shows better performances compare to the naive model, especially for complex queries.
Differential-Geometric Modelling and Dynamic Simulation of Multibody Systems

A formulation for the kinematics of multibody systems is presented, that uses Lie group concepts. With line coordinates the kinematics is parameterized in terms of the screw coordinates of the joints. Thereupon, the Lagrangian motion equations are derived, and explicit expressions are given for the objects therein. It is shown how the kinematics and thus the motion equations can be expressed without the introduction of body-fixed reference frames. This admits the processing of CAD data, which refers to a single (world) frame. For constrained multibody systems, the Lagrangian motion equations are projected to the constraint manifold, which yields the equations of Woronetz. The mathematical models for numerical integration routines of MBS are surveyed and constraint gradient projective method for stabilization of constraint violation is presented.
Seed predation has the potential to drive a rare plant to extinction

1. Pre-dispersal seed predation is sometimes considered unlikely to dramatically affect plant population growth because plants are generally expected to produce more seeds than there are safe sites for germination. Lupinus constancei is a rare herb of limited distribution, with fewer than 400 reproductive individuals restricted to a single square kilometre of northwestern California, USA. In addition to the vulnerability resulting from its extremely small population size, L. constancei faces heavy seed predation by small mammals. 2. As a stop-gap measure to prevent population decline, managers began covering a large number of the reproductive plants with herbivory exclosures in 2003, but the population-level effects of seed predation and the effectiveness of this caging treatment were unknown. We used 10 years of demographic data to compare the population dynamics of plants inside herbivory exclosures with those sustaining ambient rodent seed predation. 3. We found that the stochastic population growth rate would be robust without seed predation (ks = 1 17), but without continued human intervention (i.e. use of exclosures), the current rate of predation would result in a decline towards extinction (ks = 0 92). 4. After our study concluded, high mortality due to two extreme winter droughts followed by a wildland fire reduced the number of reproductive plants to 103, making extinction of L. constancei more likely. 5. Synthesis and applications. The prevalence of consumer-driven population decline is largely unknown, but this study demonstrates that pre-dispersal seed predation by rodents can have powerful population-level effects, and represents one set of conditions under which consumer pressure has the potential to drive plant extinction. However, with continued management to limit the effects of seed predation in the short-term and investigation into the ultimate drivers of this high seed predation rate in the long term, the Lassics lupine population could be restored to a robust rate of growth.
Dynamic Postural Control in Female Athletes and Nonathletes After a Whole-Body Fatigue Protocol

Abstract Baghbani, F, Woodhouse, LJ, and Gaeini, AA. Dynamic postural control in female athletes and nonathletes after a whole-body fatigue protocol. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1942–1947, 2016—Postural control is a crucial element in regular training of athletes, development of complex technical movement, and injury prevention; however, distributing factor of the postural control such as fatigue has been neglected by athletic trainers in novice and inexperienced athletes. The objective of this study was to compare changes in dynamic postural control of young female athletes and nonathletes after a fatigue protocol. Thirty females (15 athletes and 15 nonathletes) with no orthopedic problems were recruited to participate in this study. All participants completed the pre-SEBT (star excursion balance test) in 8 directions at baseline; then, they performed a 20-minute fatigue protocol after which post-SEBT was measured. Rating of perceived exertion was measured using the Borg scale immediately before, mid-way through (i.e., after the third station), and after performing the fatigue protocol (i.e., immediately before the post-SEBT). Female nonathlete groups had significant differences in dynamic balance performance after fatigue in the medial, posteromedial, and posterior directions (p < 0.01) measured by SEBT. Athletes, however, showed no significant changes after the fatigue protocol. Our results indicates the importance of evaluation and monitoring of dynamic postural control of the novice with progressing the exercise time. Our findings could also help coaches to develop trainings focused on the 3 directions of medial, posteromedial, and posterior directions and aimed at exercises increasing fatigue resistance.
Post‐menopausal hormone therapy and concentrations of protein C and antithrombin in elderly women

The effects of post‐menopausal hormone therapy (HRT) on blood coagulation in elderly women are not well defined. We studied associations of HRT use with levels of natural anticoagulant proteins in a cross‐sectional study of 3393 women ≥ 65 years of age participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Protein C antigen and antithrombin were measured in all users (n = 230 unopposed oestrogen; 60 oestrogen/progestin) and a comparison group of 196 age‐ and race‐matched non‐users. Compared with non‐users, oestrogen use was associated with higher protein C (4·80 vs. 4·30 µg/ml, P < 0·01). Results were similar for oestrogen/progestin (P > 0·05). In both user groups, antithrombin was lower than in non‐users (109% for each vs. 115% in non‐users, P < 0·001). Adjustment for factors related to prescription of HRT and to anticoagulant protein levels had little impact on the results. For antithrombin, associations with HRT were larger for thinner Caucasian women and black women. Venous thrombosis from HRT may be mediated partly by alterations in antithrombin, but not protein C concentrations. This study extends previous observations to older women, the group at highest risk of venous thromboembolism. Studies of HRT‐induced alterations in anticoagulant function in relation to the occurrence of thrombosis with HRT are required.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila

Minimal inhibitory concentration determinations and disk diffusion and Autobac 1 susceptibility tests were performed on 22 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. Eleven of the strains had discrepancies between Autobac and disk diffusion or minimal inhibitory concentration results. These discrepancies occurred with the beta-lactam antibiotics, primarily carbenicillin and cephalothin. It is recommended that any strain of A. hydrophila found to be susceptible to any of the beta-lactam antibiotics by using Autobac 1 should be retested by a disk diffusion or minimal inhibitory concentration method.
Enhancement of PL intensity by photonic crystal fabricated on GaAs substrate using nanoporous alumina mask

We fabricated photonic crystal structure on GaAs substrate using nanoporous alumina mask. Uniform arrays of nano-sized pores produced in anodic alumina were transferred into GaAs substrate by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). The photonic crystal structure, the nanohole array with uniform diameter of 60 nm and interpore distance of 105 nm, was formed on GaAs substrate as replica of the alumina mask. Its photoluminescence (PL) showed enhanced intensity compared with that from GaAs substrate without its structure. The ICP-RIE technique using nanoporous alumina mask can be used as a prospective method in the fabrication of nano-devices for nanotechnology.