Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VANETs Networks Vehicular networks represent a fast emerging class of the MANETs

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are known as a special type of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) specialized in vehicular communications. These networks are based on smart vehicles and basestations, which share data by means of wireless communications. To route these information, a routing protocol is required. Since the VANETs have a particular network features as rapidly changeable topology, designing an efficient routing scheme is a very hard task. In this paper, we mainly focus on surveying new routing protocols dedicated to VANETs. We present unicast, multicast and broadcast protocols. The experimental results are discussed to evaluate the performance of the presented methods. Key-words: Vehicular Ad-hoc networks, Routing, Unicasting, Multicasting, Broadcasting.
Contact sensitivity to octyldodecanol and trometamol in an anti‐itch cream

A 46-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of perianal irritation, which had recently worsened and spread to the vulval area. She had been treated with topical corticosteroids, emollients, and a variety of over the counter preparations including E45 itch relief cream (Crookes Healthcare). On examination, she had marked erythema and oedema of the perianal area, perineum, and natal cleft. She was patch tested to our standard series and her own medicaments. She had a þþ reaction to E45 itch relief cream . Subsequent testing to the breakdown products obtained from the manufacturers of E45 itch relief cream showed þþ reactions to trometamol 1% aqueous and the original preparation.
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

ELIAC sprue, also known as celiac disease and gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflam-matory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins. There is clinical and histologic improvement on a strict gluten-free diet, and relapse when dietary gluten is reintroduced. 1 Accounts of ce-liac sprue date back to the first century A. D. 2 It was not until the 1940s, however, that the link to gluten ingestion was established; Dicke, a Dutch pediatri-cian, observed that the condition of children with celiac sprue improved during the food shortages of World War II, only to relapse after cereal supplies were restored. 3 Until fairly recently, celiac sprue was considered uncommon in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 1 per 3000 population. 4 However , greater awareness of its presentations and the availability of new, accurate serologic tests have led to the realization that celiac sprue is relatively common, affecting 1 of every 120 to 300 persons in both Eu-rope 5-7 and North America. 8 The true prevalence of celiac sprue is difficult to ascertain, because many patients have atypical symptoms or none at all. A large, multicenter Italian study identified seven new cases of celiac sprue in children for each patient with established disease. 7 The highest reported prevalence is in western Europe and in places where Europeans emigrated, notably North America and Australia. 5-8 Celiac sprue is also found in parts of northwest India, and it may be underdi-agnosed in South America, North Africa, and Asia. 9 It is rare among people from a purely African-Caribbean , Chinese, or Japanese background. In most series there is a slight female preponderance. Celiac sprue results from an inappropriate T-cell– C mediated immune response against ingested gluten in genetically predisposed people. 10 The importance of genetic factors is supported by the approximately 10 percent prevalence of the disease among first-degree relatives. 11 Over 95 percent of patients with celiac sprue express the HLA-DQ(a 1*501, b 1*02) hetero-dimer (HLA-DQ2), which preferentially presents glu-ten-derived gliadin peptides on its antigen-presenting groove to stimulate intestinal mucosal T cells (Fig. 1). 12,13 The enzyme tissue transglutaminase is one of the targets of the autoimmune response in celiac sprue. 14 The modification of gliadin by host tissue transglutaminase has a key role in enhancing the gli-adin-specific T-cell response, 15 and a single tissue …
Adoption of a Fuzzy Based Classification Model for P2P Botnet Detection

Botnet threat has increased enormously with adoption of newer technologies like root kit, anti-antivirus modules etc. by the hackers. Emergence of botnets having distributed C & C structure that mimic P2P technologically, has made its detection and dismantling extremely diﬃ-cult. However, numeric ﬂow feature values of P2P botnet C & C traﬃc can be used to generate fuzzy rule-set which can then be used to develop an eﬃcient fuzzy based clas-siﬁcation model. We generated fuzzy rule based models using Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm (FU-RIA) from C & C traﬃc collected from Nugache, Zeus and Waledac botnets. We also provide a comparative analysis of fuzzy based classiﬁcation models with that of classiﬁcation models obtained from C4.5 Decision Tree algorithm of Quinlan. Experimental results shows that using fuzzy based classiﬁcation models, it is possible to achieve very promising result in predicting suspicious P2P botnet ﬂows in the network and hence can be used for proactive detection of P2P botnets.
From Molecular Genetics to Phylodynamics: Evolutionary Relevance of Mutation Rates Across Viruses

Although evolution is a multifactorial process, theory posits that the speed of molecular evolution should be directly determined by the rate at which spontaneous mutations appear. To what extent these two biochemical and population-scale processes are related in nature, however, is largely unknown. Viruses are an ideal system for addressing this question because their evolution is fast enough to be observed in real time, and experimentally-determined mutation rates are abundant. This article provides statistically supported evidence that the mutation rate determines molecular evolution across all types of viruses. Properties of the viral genome such as its size and chemical composition are identified as major determinants of these rates. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis reveals that, as expected, evolution rates increase linearly with mutation rates for slowly mutating viruses. However, this relationship plateaus for fast mutating viruses. A model is proposed in which deleterious mutations impose an evolutionary speed limit and set an extinction threshold in nature. The model is consistent with data from replication kinetics, selection strength and chemical mutagenesis studies.
Dominant Negative Rab3D Inhibits Amylase Release from Mouse Pancreatic Acini*

Rab3 proteins are believed to play an important role in regulated exocytosis and previous work has demonstrated the presence of Rab3D on pancreatic zymogen granules. To further understand the function of Rab3D in acinar cell exocytosis, adenoviral constructs were prepared encoding hemagglutinin-tagged wild type Rab3D and three mutant forms, N135I and T36N (both deficient in guanine nucleotide binding) and Q81L (deficient in GTP hydrolysis), which also expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by a separate promoter. When isolated mouse pancreatic acini were cultured with 5 × 106pfu/ml adenovirus, nearly 100% of acini were infected as visualized by expression of green fluorescent protein. Cultured acini showed a biphasic dose-response to cholecystokinin (CCK); basal amylase secretion was 1.8 ± 0.3%/30 min, peak release was 7.3 ± 0.2%/30 min at 30 pm CCK and reduced secretion was observed at higher CCK concentrations. Control β-galactosidase virus infection had no effect on either basal or CCK-induced secretion in the titer range from 0.5 to 10 × 106 pfu/ml. While the expression of Rab3D and Rab3D Q81L had no effect on amylase secretion, Rab3D N135I and T36N functioned as dominant negative mutants and inhibited CCK-induced amylase release by 40–50% at all points on the CCK dose-response curve from 3 to 300 pm. Inhibition was stronger during the first 5 min (71 ± 5%) than over 30 min (36%±5%). Similar inhibition was found using other agonists including bombesin, carbachol, A23187, and cAMP. Localization of adenoviral expressed Rab protein showed wild type Rab3D localized to zymogen granules. The two dominant negative mutants did not localize to granules and were primarily in the basolateral region of the cell. Since both dominant negative Rab3D mutants had no effect on intracellular calcium increase induced by CCK, it is unlikely that they acted at receptors or transmembrane signaling. These results suggest that Rab3D plays an important role in regulating the terminal steps of acinar exocytosis and that this effect is greatest on the early phase of amylase release.
Effects of Infrared Optical Trapping on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Microfluidic System

Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) represents a very popular single-celled eukaryotic model organism which has been studied extensively by various methods and whose genome has been completely sequenced. It was also among the first living organisms that were manipulated by optical tweezers and it is currently a frequent subject of optical micromanipulation experiments. We built a microfluidic system for optical trapping experiments with individual cells and used it for the assessment of cell tolerance to phototoxic stress. Using optical tweezers with the wavelength of 1064 nm, we trapped individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for 15 min and, subsequently, observed their stress response in specially designed microfluidic chambers over time periods of several hours by time-lapse video-microscopy. We determined the time between successive bud formations after the exposure to the trapping light, took account of damaged cells, and calculated the population doubling period and cell areas for increasing trapping power at a constant trapping time. Our approach represents an attractive, versatile microfluidic platform for quantitative optical trapping experiments with living cells. We demonstrate its application potential by assessing the limits for safe, non-invasive optical trapping of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with infrared laser light.
Community Elder-Care in Tasmania

SUMMARY Adult caregivers (n = 184; M age = 43.9 years old) working at a non-profit, eldercare program at five geographically diverse sites located in the self-contained, island state of Tasmania, Australia, completed a set of self-report measures. Results across the five sites indicated that respondents experienced a relatively strong sense of self-efficacy toward making a difference in their local community. However, there were significant differences (controlling for social desirability) when comparing caregivers from rural northern (n = 45) with urban southern (n = 139) communities, with rural caregivers claiming stronger sense of common mission with others, reciprocal responsibility to help others, and caregiver satisfaction, plus lower disharmony with other members and caregiver stress in helping the elderly than urban caregivers. Implications suggest that community self-efficacy may be high among eldercare staff, but their sense of community and caregiving perceptions may reflect geographic differences, especially in Tasmania.
An investigation into the effectiveness of sensory modulation in reducing seclusion within an acute mental health unit

Abstract In this paper we report the findings from an evaluation of the introduction of sensory modulation (SM) in an acute mental health inpatient unit. It was expected that SM could be used to help settle patients experiencing high levels of disturbance and that as a result, there would be less need for use of more restrictive seclusion practices. The evaluation took place in a hospital in south-east Queensland, Australia. SM was introduced in one acute unit while the other served as a control. The evaluation comprised two studies. In the first study we aimed to determine whether SM reduced the level of disturbance among patients given the opportunity to use it. In the second study we aimed to find out whether the introduction of SM reduced the frequency and duration of seclusion. In study 1, we found that most patients reported marked reduction in disturbance after using SM and there was a very large effect size for the group as a whole. In study 2, we found that frequency of seclusion dropped dramatically in the unit that introduced SM but rose slightly in the unit that did not have access to SM. The change in seclusion rate was highly significant (χ2 = 49.1, df = 1, p < 0.001). Results are discussed, having reference to the limitations inherent in a naturalistic study.
Memory management for scalable Web data servers

Popular Web sites are already experiencing very heavy loads, and these loads will only increase as the number of users accessing them grows. These loads create both CPU and I/O bottlenecks. One promising solution already being employed to eliminate the CPU bottleneck is to replace a single processor server with a cluster of servers. Our goal in this paper is to develop buffer management algorithms that exploit the aggregate memory capacity of the machines in such a server cluster to attack the I/O bottleneck. The key challenge in designing such buffer management algorithms turns out to be controlling data replication so as to achieve a good balance between intra-cluster network traffic and disk I/O. At one extreme, the straightforward application of client-server memory management techniques to this cluster architecture causes duplication in memory among the servers and this tends to reduce network traffic but increases disk I/O, whereas at the other extreme, eliminating all duplicates tends to increase network traffic while reducing disk I/O. Accordingly, we present a new algorithm, called Hybrid, that dynamically controls the amount of duplication. Through a detailed simulation, we show that, on workloads that are characteristic of those experienced by Web servers, the Hybrid algorithm correctly trades off intra-cluster network traffic and disk I/O to minimize average response time.
State of The Art Ilmu Administrasi Negara

The study of Public Adminitstration has been shifting, both in terms of its substance and its approach/methodology. The shifting has been driven by the dissatisfaction to empirical/positivistic approach which, in fact, took place within the entire body of social science. Within the light of such dissatisfaction, the scholars of public administration increasingly more sensitive to contextual aspect of public administration. Their interest also becoming more focused of the issue of policy-making. These two aspect eventually brougt about the birth of new public administration.
"Dialog Navigator": A Question Answering System Based on Large Text Knowledge Base

This paper describes a dialog based QA system, Dialog Navigator, which can answer questions based on large text knowledge base. In real world QA systems, vagueness of questions is a big problem. Our system can navigates users to the desired answers using the following methods: asking users back with dialog cards, and description extraction of each retrieved text. Another feature of the system is that it retrieves relevant texts precisely, using question types, synonymous expression dictionary, and modifier-head relations in Japanese sentences.
Flexpath: Type-Based Publish/Subscribe System for Large-Scale Science Analytics

As high-end systems move toward exascale sizes, a new model of scientific inquiry being developed is one in which online data analytics run concurrently with the high end simulations producing data outputs. Goals are to gain rapid insights into the ongoing scientific processes, assess their scientific validity, and/or initiate corrective or supplementary actions by launching additional computations when needed. The Flexpath system presented in this paper addresses the fundamental problem of how to structure and efficiently implement the communications between high end simulations and concurrently running online data analytics, the latter comprised of componentized dynamic services and service pipelines. Using a type-based publish/subscribe approach, Flexpath encourages diversity by permitting analytics services to differ in their computational and scaling characteristics and even in their internal execution models. Flex path uses direct and MxN connections between interacting services to reduce data movements, to allow for runtime connectivity changes to accommodate component arrivals/departures, and to support the multiple underlying communication protocols used for analytics workflows in which simulation outputs are processed by analytics services residing on the same nodes where they are generated, on the same machine, and/or on attached or remote analytics engines. This paper describes the design and implementation of Flexpath, and evaluates it with two widely used scientific applications and their associated data analytics methods.
The gene for a small stable RNA (10Sa RNA) of Escherichia coli

A gene that codes for a small stable RNA (362 nucleotides) has been sequenced. It is a monocistronic gene, with its own promoter and terminator. It produces a precursor that is about 100 nucleotides longer than the mature RNA with all the extra nucleotides at the 3′ end. The gene contains an open reading frame that corresponds to a small protein 25 amino acids long.
Inhibition of murine B and T lymphopoiesis in vivo by an anti- interleukin 7 monoclonal antibody

The effects of interleukin 7 (IL-7) on the growth and differentiation of murine B cell progenitors has been well characterized using in vitro culture methods. We have investigated the role of IL-7 in vivo using a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes IL-7. We find that treatment of mice with this antibody completely inhibits the development of B cell progenitors from the pro-B cell stage forward. We also provide evidence that all peripheral B cells, including those of the B-1 and conventional lineages, are derived from IL-7-dependent precursors. The results are consistent with the rapid turnover of B cell progenitors in the marrow, but a slow turnover of mature B cells in the periphery. In addition to effects on B cell development, anti-IL-7 treatment substantially reduced thymus cellularity, affecting all major thymic subpopulations.
Developing Reflective Practice: Learning About Teaching And Learning Through Modelling

Part 1 Conceptualizing reflection: a model for learning about reflection. Part 2 Learning through modelling: modelling reflection perceptions of action. Part 3 Exploring student-teachers' thinking: recognizing reflection journals - an insight into students' thinking understanding the reflective cycle. Part 4 Reflection in "practice": three reflective instances case studies understanding reflective practice.
HindSight: Encouraging Exploration through Direct Encoding of Personal Interaction History

Physical and digital objects often leave markers of our use. Website links turn purple after we visit them, for example, showing us information we have yet to explore. These “footprints” of interaction offer substantial benefits in information saturated environments - they enable us to easily revisit old information, systematically explore new information, and quickly resume tasks after interruption. While applying these design principles have been successful in HCI contexts, direct encodings of personal interaction history have received scarce attention in data visualization. One reason is that there is little guidance for integrating history into visualizations where many visual channels are already occupied by data. More importantly, there is not firm evidence that making users aware of their interaction history results in benefits with regards to exploration or insights. Following these observations, we propose HindSight - an umbrella term for the design space of representing interaction history directly in existing data visualizations. In this paper, we examine the value of HindSight principles by augmenting existing visualizations with visual indicators of user interaction history (e.g. How the Recession Shaped the Economy in 255 Charts, NYTimes). In controlled experiments of over 400 participants, we found that HindSight designs generally encouraged people to visit more data and recall different insights after interaction. The results of our experiments suggest that simple additions to visualizations can make users aware of their interaction history, and that these additions significantly impact users' exploration and insights.
The antioxidant and phenolic profiles of five green vegetables grown in Southern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Regular consumption of vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. The phenolic and free radical scavenging properties of five green vegetables grown in southern Nigeria were determined. METHODS The phenolic and antioxidant profile of African spinach, bitter leaf, jute leaf, scent leaf and water leaf harvested in the month of August were assessed using standard protocols. RESULTS The total phenolic content (GAE mg/100 g) of the fresh vegetables ranges from 738.70 ±7.90 in African spinach to 1464.63 ±7.60 in scent leaf. A higher flavonoid content (QE mg/100 g) was found in water leaf (512.07 ±1.47) and jute leaf (510.13 ±2.22) compared to the other vegetables examined; scent leaf (496.51 ±1.31), African spinach (457.40 ±1.50), bitter leaf (371.89 ±0.44). Scent leaf possesses the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC50 [μg/mL] of 74.64 ±7.73. The other vegetables show a lower EC50 [μg/mL]; jute leaf (125.86 ±11.34) > water leaf (132.43 ±9.43) > bitter leaf (156.02 ±5.43) > African spinach (213.44 ±9.29). The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC50, μg/mL) of the vegetables in order of decreasing activity, was bitter leaf (50.38 ±7.17) > water leaf (103.41 ±6.27) > African spinach (110.54±8.15) > jute leaf (144.39 ±9.37) > scent leaf (217.51 ±6.90). The total antioxidant capacity (EC50, μg/mL) of the vegetables increases in the following order; African spinach (227.39 ±7.25) < bitter leaf (169.96±6.86) < water leaf (106.31 ±7.66) < scent leaf (65.47 ±14.43) < jute leaf (27.52 ±4.14). CONCLUSIONS The green vegetables possess appreciable phenolic and antioxidant potentials, which underscore their regular consumption as part of healthy Nigerian diet. Principal component analysis (PCA) buttresses the correlations and variations of the aforementioned potential among vegetable species.
NABE 1994 Award Winning Dissertation Exploring Structure and Interaction in Small Groups: an Ethnographic Study of Cooperative Group Life in a Bilingual Elementary Classroom

A method and an apparatus for finely dividing a molten metal by atomization is provided herein. This apparatus includes a nozzle for feeding a molten metal and an annular atomizing nozzle to force a high-pressure liquid jet against a stream of the molten metal flowing from the feed nozzle. The atomizing nozzle is made of an annular jetting zone adapted to form a narrow opening under the pressure of the high-pressure liquid, an inside jacket and an outside jacket adjacent to the annular jetting zone. The apparatus further includes a pressure reduction chamber located beneath the atomizing nozzle which is in contact with the lower part of the jet from the atomizing nozzle.
A digital clock and data recovery architecture for multi-gigabit/s binary links

In this paper we present a general architecture for digital clock and data recovery (CDR) for high speed binary links. The architecture is based on replacing the analog loop filter and VCO in a typical analog PLL-based CDR with digital components. We provide a linearized analysis of the bang-bang phase detector and CDR loop including the effects of decimation and self-noise. Finally, measured results are presented that corroborate the modeled results.