Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On social and psychological aspects of a negligible reception of Natanson’s article of 1911 in the early history of quantum statistics

Possible reasons are studied why Ladislas (Władysław) Natanson’s paper on the statistical theory of radiation, published in 1911 both in English and in the German translation, was not cited properly in the early history of quantum statistics by outstanding scientists, such as Arnold Sommerfeld, Paul Ehrenfest, Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein. The social and psychological aspects are discussed as background to many so far discussions on the academic evaluation of his theory. In order to avoid in the future such Natansonian cases of very limited reception of valuable scientific works, it is proposed to introduce a digital tag in which all the information of relevant papers published so far should be automatically accumulated and updated.
Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a warming ocean

We employ a marine ecosystem model, with diverse and flexible phytoplankton communities, coupled to an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to explore mechanisms that will alter the biogeography and productivity of phytoplankton populations in a warming world. Simple theoretical frameworks and sensitivity experiments reveal that ecological and biogeochemical changes are driven by a balance between two impacts of a warming climate: higher metabolic rates (the “direct” effect), and changes in the supply of limiting nutrients and altered light environments (the “indirect” effect). On globally integrated productivity, the two effects compensate to a large degree. Regionally, the competition between effects is more complicated; patterns of productivity changes are different between high and low latitudes and are also regulated by how the supply of the limiting nutrient changes. These complex regional patterns are also found in the changes to broad phytoplankton functional groups. On the finer ecological scale of diversity within functional groups, we find that ranges of some phytoplankton types are reduced, while those of others (potentially minor players in the present ocean) expand. Combined change in areal extent of range and in regionally available nutrients leads to global “winners and losers. ” The model suggests that the strongest and most robust signal of the warming ocean is likely to be the large turnover in local phytoplankton community composition.
Research on current-sharing control technique for paralleled converters

This paper first introduced the reasons of traditional paralleled converterpsilas not being current-sharing. The fuzzy logical control is applied to parallel converterpsilas current-sharing control technology by making an in-depth research and design on current-sharing looppsilas fuzzy logical controller. In order to reduce adjustable-range of current and make each modulepsilas current balance quickly, a middle current-programming automatic current-sharing technique is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed current-sharing control method can achieve better dynamic current-sharing and load-sharing characters, and can operate well within the large adjustable-load range.
Categorization Rehab Duwairi Department of Computer Information Systems , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Jordan

In this paper, we compare the performance of three classifiers for Arabic text categorization. In particular, the naïve Bayes, k-nearest-neighbors (knn), and distance-based classifiers were used. Unclassified documents were preprocessed by removing punctuation marks and stopwords. Each document is then represented as a vector of words (or of words and their frequencies as in the case of the naïve Bayes classifier). Stemming was used to reduce the dimensionality of feature vectors of documents. The accuracy of the classifiers is compared using recall, precision, error rate and fallout. The results of the experimentations that were carried out on an in-house collected Arabic text show that the naïve Bayes classifier outperforms the other two.
Complaints of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Hong Kong to Their Husband Behaviors

Complaints are all utterances that are born out of misery. Therefore, the complaints of IMWs in HK are intended as utterances that show the sorrow of the IMWs. The aim of this research is to find out forms of complaints shown by the IMWs relating to the behavior of their husbands who are staying in Indonesia. This study examines the writings of IMWs published in Iqro and CahayaQu magazines in 2014. The data collected from the selected rubrics, namely La Tahzan and Curahan Hati, Analysis were made based on Appraisal theory The result showed that doubts, sadness, pain, and anger are outnumber than affection and trust to their husbands. Keywords—complaint; migrant worker; behaviors; apparaisal; attitude
Test-driven learning in early programming courses

Coercing new programmers to adopt disciplined development practices such as thorough unit testing is a challenging endeavor. Test-driven development (TDD) has been proposed as a solution to improve both software design and testing. Test-driven learning (TDL) has been proposed as a pedagogical approach for teaching TDD without imposing significant additional instruction time. This research evaluates the effects of students using a test-first (TDD) versus test-last approach in early programming courses, and considers the use of TDL on a limited basis in CS1 and CS2. Software testing, programmer productivity, programmer performance, and programmer opinions are compared between test-first and test-last programming groups. Results from this research indicate that a test-first approach can increase student testing and programmer performance, but that early programmers are very reluctant to adopt a test-first approach, even after having positive experiences using TDD. Further, this research demonstrates that TDL can be applied in CS1/2, but suggests that a more pervasive implementation of TDL may be necessary to motivate and establish disciplined testing practice among early programmers.
Character Image Patterns as Big Data

The ambitious goal of this research is to understand the real distribution of character patterns. Ideally, if we can collect all possible character patterns, we can totally understand how they are distributed in the image space. In addition, we also have the perfect character recognizer because we know the correct class for any character image. Of course, it is practically impossible to collect all those patterns - however, if we collect character patterns massively and analyze how the distribution changes according to the increase of patterns, we will be able to estimate the real distribution asymptotically. For this purpose, we use 822,714 manually ground-truthed 32×32 handwritten digit patterns in this paper. The distribution of those patterns are observed by nearest neighbor analysis and network analysis, both of which do not make any approximation (such as low-dimensional representation) and thus do not corrupt the details of the distribution.
Brain Tumor Heterogeneity: Voxel-wise Correlational Study of MRPerfusion and 2D MR Spectroscopic Imaging

An accurate characterization of glioma heterogeneity is essential when determining tumor grade and the most appropriate therapy target. Non-invasive imaging modalities such as MR perfusion imaging (PWI) and 2D proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can provide functional and metabolic information about the tumor to assist in this task. Using a voxel-wise correlation we aimed at investigating whether both MRSI and PWI characterize brain tumor heterogeneity similarly, and, whether the regions of their most pathologic values coincide. In 31 patients with different primary brain tumors rCBV and rCBF were correlated to the metabolites Cho, Cr and NAA and the metabolite ratios Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr and Cho/NAA on a voxel-wise basis. Intraindividually, we tested for significant relationships and we recorded the reliability and the direction of these relationships by calculating the inter individual variance of Kendall's correlation coefficient τb. Additionally, the locations of the most pathologic values of PWI and MRSI were compared. Across all tumors we found no reliable relationship between perfusion and spectroscopic measures apart from a positive correlation of rCBV and rCBF with Cr, mainly based on a positive correlation in II° gliomas and glioblastomas but not in III° gliomas or lymphomas. The separate analysis of the tumor groups revealed consistent correlations of additional value pairs in II° gliomas and glioblastomas, but not in III° gliomas or lymphomas. The overall spatial concordance rate between the maximum perfusion values and the most pathological metabolite values was 34%. Our results suggest that brain tumors display heterogenous correlation pattern of the perfusion markers of malignancy to the spectroscopy-derived malignancy markers. As the single modality methods may display different kinds of tumor hot spots, PWI and MRSI should be fused to allow for more specific therapy planning of brain tumors.
- Chern-Simons Scalar Electrodynamics at Two Loop

The Maxwell-Chern-Simons gauge theory with charged scalar fields is analyzed at two loop level. The effective potential for the scalar fields is derived in the closed form, and studied both analytically and numerically. It is shown that the U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken in the massless scalar theory. Dimensional transmutation takes place in the Coleman-Weinberg limit in which the Maxwell term vanishes. We point out the subtlety in defining the pure Chern-Simons scalar electrodynamics and show that the Coleman-Weinberg limit must be taken after renormalization. Renormalization group analysis of the effective potential is also given at two loop. PACS: 11.30. Qc, 11.15. Ex, 11.10. Kk
A Framework for Providing Hard Delay Guarantees in Grid Computing

Future grid networks should be able to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees to their users. In this work we propose a framework for grid networks that provides deterministic delay guarantees to its guaranteed service (GS) users and best effort service to its best effort (BE) users. The proposed framework is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. We also define four types of computational resources based on the type of users (GS, BE) these resources serve and the priority they give them. We implement the proposed QoS framework for grids and verify that it not only satisfies the delay guarantees given to GS users, but also improves performance in terms of deadlines missed and resource use. In our simulations, data from a real grid network are used, validating in this way the appropriateness and usefulness of the proposed framework.
Subjective evaluations of example-based, total variation, and joint regularization for image processing

We report on subjective experiments comparing example-based regularization, total variation regularization, and the joint use of both regularizers. We focus on the noisy deblurring problem, which generalizes image superresolution and denoising. Controlled subjective experiments suggest that joint example-based regularization and total variation regularization can provide subjective gains over total regularization alone, particularly when the example images contain similar structural elements as the test image. We also investigate whether the regularization parameters can be trained by cross-validation, and we compare the reconstructions using crossvalidation judgments made by humans or by fully automatic image quality metrics. Experiments showed that of five image quality metrics tested, the structural similarity index (SSIM) correlates best with human judgement of image quality, and can be profitably used to cross-validate regularization parameters. However, there is a significant quality gap between images restored using human or automatic parameter cross-validation.
Unified Login with Pluggable Authentication Modules ( PAM )

Since authentication mechanisms constantly evolve, it is important to shield the system-entry services and users from such changes.With the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework, we can provide pluggability for a variety of systementry services not just system authentication per se. but also for account, session and password management. PAM’s ability to stack authentication modules can be used to integrate login with different authentication mechanisms such as RSA. DCE, and Kerberos, and thus unify login mechanisms. The PAM framework can also provide easy integration of smart cards into the system.
How a community health information network is really used

O ur 1997 study of CHIN implementations compared diverse network models to categorize these systems based on their purpose, participants, funding source, and services provided [9], identifying four distinct CHIN models: home health delivery, voluntary, enterprise, and telephone-based networks. We looked at a phone-accessible Internetbased computer network called ComputerLink for medical caregivers in Cleveland that was developed for those caring for Alzheimer’s disease patients [3] and that has since expanded to include other medical care specialties (see the sidebar “Our Study of Alzheimer’s Caregivers”). Inspired by Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory (outcomes of an innovation are characteristic of the users and the attributes of the innovation), ComputerLink links caregivers, patients, an academic institution (Case Western Reserve University), and public health agencies in order to reduce patients’ and caregivers’ social isolation and the social stigma associated with certain medical conditions. ComputerLink and other similar systems are characterized by a cooperative effort from their participants and by their support of various CHIN functions. ComputerLink participants include the Alzheimer’s Disease Association in Cleveland under the auspices of the National Institute of Aging, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (www.nih.gov/nia). ComputerLink provides four classes of services: decision support, email, encyclopedia, and bulletin board. Email permits users to communicate anonymously with a nurse-moderator and other Alzheimer’s caregivers; the nurse-moderator serves as technical liaison by providing systems and health support to ComputerLink users while maintaining all encyclopedia functions involving Alzheimer’s and caregiving information. The decision-support service guides users through a myriad of scenarios permitting self-determined choices based on personal values. Use is not always what the user says it is in practically any domain, including health care delivery, as the authors’ research revealed.
Increased Thresholds for Long-Term Potentiation and Contextual Learning in Mice Lacking the NMDA-type Glutamate Receptor ε1 Subunit

The NMDA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) channel, composed of the GluRε and GluRζ subunits, plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the CNS. The mutant mice lacking the GluRε1 subunit exhibited a reduction in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), but a stronger tetanic stimulation restored the impairment and the saturation level of LTP was unaltered. These results suggest an increase of threshold for LTP induction in the GluRε1 mutant mice. After a series of backcrosses we established a GluRε1 mutant mouse line with a 99.99% pure C57BL/6 genetic background. The performance of the mutant mice in tone- and context-dependent fear conditioning tests was comparable with that of the wild-type mice. However, a significant difference in the extent of contextual learning became apparent when the chamber exposure time before footshock was shortened. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in freezing responses immediately after footshock on the conditioning day between the wild-type and mutant mice, and the difference was not restored by longer chamber exposure in contrast to the contextual learning on the next day of the conditioning. These results suggest that the GluRε1 subunit of the NMDA receptor channel is a determinant of thresholds for both hippocampal LTP and contextual learning and plays differential roles in two forms of contextual fear memories.
Several New Tools for Cancer Classification Combined with PLSDR Base on High-Dimensional Gene Expression Profile

It is known that Logistic Regression coupled with Partial Least Squares dimension reduction (PLSDR-LD) is capable of extracting a great deal of useful information for classification from gene expression profile and getting a rather high classification accuracy rate. In this study, we replace the logistic function of Logistic Regression with several functions which are similar to logistic function in appearance, and apply these functions to the analysis of microarray data sets from two cancer gene expression studies. We compare these newly introduced models with PLSDR-LD proposed in the literature. The most effective models with good prediction precision are lastly provided through analyzing the results of two experiments.
Extraction of respiratory activity from PPG and BP signals using Principal Component Analysis

In high risk situations such as cardiac arrhythmias, ambulatory monitoring, stress tests, sleep disorder investigations and post-operative hypoxemia situations, monitoring of respiratory activity would be mandatory. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals can be used for extraction of respiratory activity, and will eventually eliminate the use of additional respiratory sensor. Using a simple and standard non-parametric mathematical technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the respiratory related information is extracted from complex data sets such as PPG and BP signals. The respiratory induced variations (RIV) of PPG and BP signals are described by coefficients of computed principal components. Singular value ratio (SVR) trend is used to find the periodicity, which is one of the crucial parameters in forming the data sets for PCA. Test results on MIMIC data base clearly indicated a strong correlation between the extracted and actual respiratory signals. Statistical measures in both time and frequency domains such as Relative Correlation Coefficient (RCC) and Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC) respectively and Accuracy Rate (AR) are calculated to demonstrate the fact, that respiratory signal is present in the form of first principal components.
Learning Transducer Models for Morphological Analysis from Example Inflections

In this paper, we present a method to convert morphological inflection tables into unweighted and weighted finite transducers that perform parsing and generation. These transducers model the inflectional behavior of morphological paradigms induced from examples and can map inflected forms of previously unseen word forms into their lemmas and give morphosyntactic descriptions of them. The system is evaluated on several languages with data collected from the Wiktionary.
Fabrication and heating rate study of microscopic surface electrode ion traps

We report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold-on-sapphire surface electrode ion trap with a trapping height of approximately 240 μm. Using the Doppler recooling method, we characterize the trap heating rates over an extended region of the trap. The noise spectral density of the trap falls in the range of noise spectra reported in ion traps at room temperature. We find that during the first months of operation, the heating rates increase by approximately one order of magnitude. The increase in heating rates is largest in the ion-loading region of the trap, providing a strong hint that surface contamination plays a major role for excessive heating rates. We discuss data found in the literature and the possible relation of anomalous heating to sources of noise and dissipation in other systems, namely impurity atoms adsorbed onto metal surfaces and amorphous dielectrics.
Homoclinic orbits near saddle-center fixed points of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom

We study a class of Hamiltonian systems on a 4 dimensional symplectic manifold which have a saddle-center fixed point and satisfy the following property: All the periodic orbits in the center manifold of the fixed point have an orbit homoclinic to them, although the fixed point itself does not. In addition, we prove that these systems have a chaotic behavior in the neighborhood of the energy shell of the fixed point.
Out of the box: behaviourism and the mangle of practice

ABSTRACT Although often labelled obsolete and ethically dubious, twentieth-century behaviourist principles of learning have been central to the development of instructional technology and the design of modern learning environments. Using Andrew Pickering’s philosophy, this article addresses behaviourism as a mangle of practice to highlight the conceptual and non-human agency involved in research on learning, and to analyse how these forms of agency allow scientific knowledge to travel from experimental research settings to teaching.
Virus-Like Particles Produced in Pichia Pastoris Induce Protective Immune Responses Against Coxsackievirus A16 in Mice

Background Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and the development of a safe and effective vaccine has been a top priority among CA16 researchers. Material/Methods In this study, we developed a Pichia pastoris yeast system for secretory expression of the virus-like particles (VLPs) for CA16 by co-expression of the P1 and 3CD proteins of CA16. SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to identify the formation of VLPs. Immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of the CA16 VLPs were assessed in BABL/c mouse models. Results Biochemical and biophysical analysis showed that the yeast-expressed CA16 VLPs were composed of VP0, VP1, and VP3 capsid subunit proteins, and present spherical particles with a diameter of 30 nm, similar to the parental infectious CA16 virus. Furthermore, CA16 VLPs elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses, and VLPs-immunized sera conferred efficient protection to neonatal mice against lethal CA16 challenge. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that VLPs produced in Pichia pastoris represent a safe and effective vaccine strategy for CA16.
Nanoparticle formation by ozonolysis of inducible plant volatiles

Abstract. We present the first laboratory experiments of aerosol formation from oxidation of volatile organic species emitted by living plants, a process which for half a century has been known to take place in the atmosphere. We have treated white cabbage plants with methyl jasmonate in order to induce the production of monoterpenes and certain less-volatile sesqui- and homoterpenes. Ozone was introduced into the growth chamber in which the plants were placed, and the subsequent aerosol formation and growth of aerosols were monitored by measuring the particle size distributions continuously during the experiments. Our observations show similar particle formation rates as in the atmosphere but much higher growth rates. The results indicate that the concentrations of nonvolatile oxidation products of plant released precursors needed to induce the nucleation are roughly an order-of-magnitude higher than their concentrations during atmospheric nucleation events. Our results therefore suggest that if oxidized organics are involved in atmospheric nucleation events, their role is to participate in the growth of pre-existing molecular clusters rather than to form such clusters through homogeneous or ion-induced nucleation.