Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Schottky barrier alteration on the low-frequency noise of InP-based HEMTs

For the first time the effect of increasing the Schottky barrier's Al content of InP-based InAlAs-InGaAs HEMTs from 48 to 60% on the low-frequency (LF) drain and gate current noise is investigated. It is shown that the LF gate current noise S/sub IG/(f) for the 60% case decreases by almost three decades, while the LF drain current noise S/sub IDS/(f) stays at the same level. From small coherence values, it can be concluded that drain and gate noise sources can be treated separately which facilitates the LF noise modeling of these HEMTs.
A Hybrid Electronic Nose and Tongue for the Detection of Ketones: Improved Sensor Orthogonality Using Graphene Oxide-Based Detectors

In this contribution, the selectivity toward a diabetes biomarker was demonstrated by a non-specific impedance-metric chemical sensor array from blends of graphene oxide (GO)-based materials as a multivariate system for simultaneous aqueous and gaseous analyte investigation. The electrical impedance of bare graphene either oxidized or after reduction (RGO) displayed high specificity toward ammonia. The sensitivity of GO thin-film capacitance was 10.4 %/ppm of ammonia dissolved in ultrapure water, whereas RGO resistance featured 1.8 %/ppm to gaseous ammonia. However, composites with metal oxides, despite even providing a superior sensitivity to ammonia, completely alter the sign of sensor response to enable distinction of alcohols. Ceria and cyclodextrin allowed GO to operate in air at room temperature with improved stability and a faster response of approximately 60 s. These materials made for an increase in sensitivity to acetone of 11 and 3.2 times, respectively, compared to RGO. Therefore, GO-based composites, as well as the junction of electronic nose and tongue arrays were fundamental to enable the separation of acetone from alcohols and ammonia after principal component analysis.
Ischemia Detection Based on ST Segment Level using Wavelet Transform

In this work, we present an algorithm for detection of myocardial Ischemia in electrocardiogram (ECG) based on the identification of the isoelectric line and ST segment deviation. During the preprocessing stage, Wavelet Packet Transform WPT is used to remove the baseline wander and power line interference (PLI) in the ECG signal. To locate the positions of the heartbeat waves (QRS complex, P wave, and T wave), the decomposition is used with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) up to level 8. ST segment level was estimated based on the isoelectric level. The algorithm was evaluated against The Long-Term ST Database (LTSTDB).
Cyclin O (Ccno) functions during deuterosome‐mediated centriole amplification of multiciliated cells

Mucociliary clearance and fluid transport along epithelial surfaces are carried out by multiciliated cells (MCCs). Recently, human mutations in Cyclin O (CCNO) were linked to severe airway disease. Here, we show that Ccno expression is restricted to MCCs and the genetic deletion of Ccno in mouse leads to reduced numbers of multiple motile cilia and characteristic phenotypes of MCC dysfunction including severe hydrocephalus and mucociliary clearance deficits. Reduced cilia numbers are caused by compromised generation of centrioles at deuterosomes, which serve as major amplification platform for centrioles in MCCs. Ccno‐deficient MCCs fail to sufficiently generate deuterosomes, and only reduced numbers of fully functional centrioles that undergo maturation to ciliary basal bodies are formed. Collectively, this study implicates CCNO as first known regulator of deuterosome formation and function for the amplification of centrioles in MCCs.
Undecidability, Automata, and Pseudovarities of Finite Semigroups

The author proves for each of the operations # equalling *, °, **, □ or m, there exist pseudovarieties of finite semigroups and with decidable membership problems, such that has an undecidable membership problem. In addition, if denotes the pseudovariety of all finite aperiodic semigroups, denotes the pseudovariety of all finite groups, and (E) denotes the pseudovariety of all finite aperiodic semigroups satisfying the finite number of equations E, then it is proved that there exists E such that (E) has an undecidable membership problem. Note equals all semigroups of complexity ≤1. Section 6 is expanded into a joint paper with B. Steinberg, following this paper.
PATTERN RECOGNITION AND THE RESPONSES OF SENSORY NEURONS *

In 1959, Lettvin and his associates announced to the electrical engineering world that the five classes of retinal ganglion cell in the frog each responded to a different, specific, spatiotemporal pattern of excitation. These cells were, in fact, performing “feature extraction,” which at that time was coming to be recognized as a necessary first step in more complex pattern recognition. I remember Keffer Hartline telling me of these claims at about the time they appeared. Both of us had worked on retinal ganglion cells in the frog, and a t first I don’t think either of us believed much of what Lettvin and his co-workers reported. Hartline had worked on movement sensitivity and was particularly surprised by “unidirectional rate sensitivity”-the claim that some ganglion cells responded to movement in one direction and not the other. At first I was also surprised by this, but uneasy memories came back of some observations I had made on on-of/ units a few years earlier. I had been reading Sperry’s experiments on optic nerve regeneration in frogs whose eyes had been excised and rotated, and I was very impressed by the incidentally mentioned fact that, in the normal frog, the left eye only evokes optokinetic movements to the right, and vice versa. I was puzzled by the movement sensitivity of on-ojj units a t the time, and I looked to see i f this optokinetic behavior was of retinal origin: Did the ganglion cells of one eye only respond to movement in the appropriate direction? I looked long enough and hard enough to convince myself that my hypothesis was wrong, for the ganglion cells certainly responded to image movements that would have failed to evoke optokinetic movements in the intact animal. But when Lettvin jogged my memory, I recalled that 1 had sometimes obtained “funny” results: Some ganglion cells did seem to show a preference for movements in a certain direction, but this direction had not usually corresponded to the direction required by my hypothesis. Beyond using these facts to throw out the hypothesis, I did not pay much attention to them, and I did not pursue the matter because it was so difficult to produce smooth movements in a variety of directions with the apparatus that was available. In retrospect, 1 think I only once or twice saw a degree of asymmetry of response that I would now accept as proof of directional selectivity, but I missed it then and only became fully convinced that retinal ganglion cells can be directionally selective when Hill and I observed this phenomenon in the rabbit (Barlow & Hill, 1963). Since then, I think we have found out something about the mechanism by which the nervous system abstracts patterns, and I shall return to
Smoking during Pregnancy: A Way to Transfer the Addiction to the Next Generation?

Many epidemiological studies support a relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and adverse neurobehavioral effects later in life. Prenatal exposure to tobacco seems to increase the risks for cognitive deficits, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, criminality in adulthood and a predisposition in the offspring to start smoking and alcohol abuse. Nicotine readily crosses the placenta and the fetuses of mothers who smoke are exposed to relatively higher nicotine concentrations than their mothers. In the fetal brain nicotine can activate nicotinic receptors which play an important role during development of the brain. A direct specific action on the developing human brain is plausible during the major part of the prenatal life, since the nicotinic receptors are already present in the brain during the first trimester.
EFFICIENCY WAGES AND THE INTER-INDUSTRY WAGE STRUCTURE

This paper uses cross-sectional and longitudinal data to examine differences in pay for equally-skilled workers in different ind ustries. The major finding is that there is substantial dispersion in wages across industries, even after allowing for measured and unmeas ured labor quality, working conditions, fringe benefits, transitory d emand shocks, the threat of union-ization, union bargaining power, fi rm size, and other factors. In addition, evidence is presented demons trating that turnover has a negative relationship with industry wage differentials. These findings suggest that workers in high-wage indus tries receive noncompetitive rents. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.
Formation of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core of Optimal Stability Is Crucial for Viral Replication

ABSTRACT Virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other lentiviruses contain conical cores consisting of a protein shell composed of the viral capsid protein (CA) surrounding an internal viral ribonucleoprotein complex. Although genetic studies have implicated CA in both early and late stages of the virus replication cycle, the mechanism of core disassembly following penetration of target cells remains undefined. Using quantitative assays for analyzing HIV-1 core stability in vitro, we identified point mutations in CA that either reduce or increase the stability of the HIV-1 core without impairing conical core formation in virions. Alterations in core stability resulted in severely attenuated HIV-1 replication and impaired reverse transcription in target cells with only minimal effects on viral DNA synthesis in permeabilized virions in vitro. We conclude that formation of a viral core of optimal stability is a prerequisite for efficient HIV-1 infection and suggest that disassembly of the HIV-1 core is a regulated step in infection that may be an attractive target for pharmacologic intervention.
Improve the effectiveness of keyword search over relational database by node-temperature-based ant colony optimization

Keyword search over relational database has been researched a lot. By using simple keywords to search over relational data, ordinary users are not required to learn the difficult structural query language, thus resulting in better user friendliness. Search effectiveness is an important consideration for those solutions to this problem. The available methods adopt static ranking mechanism to ensure that the most relevant answer will be presented first to users. However, they are not able to dynamically optimize the search results according to the time-changing user interest. Here an ant-colony-optimizaton-based algorithm, called ACOKS, is proposed to deal with keyword search problem, in which node-temperature-based optimization is used to achieve dynamic search result optimization by following the track of user behavior. Extensive experimental results show that our methods can achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
Generational Theory: Implications for Recruiting the Millennials

Abstract : This study intends to examine the current challenge that the Army has with recruiting. Using generational theory it will review the characteristics beliefs values and attitudes of Generation X the Baby Boomers and the Millennial generation the target audience of the Army's current recruiting efforts. Specifically it will investigate the Millennial generation's attitudes about military service and how the older generations' personalities impact their decision to serve. Additionally, it will take a look at the Army's current recruiting strategies, current recruiting trends, as well as the Army's chief competitors for new recruits. Finally, the study will offer up recommendations to improve recruiting for the Millennial generation
A model for the long-term optimal capacity level of an investment project

We consider an investment project that produces a single commodity. The project's operation yields payoff at a rate that depends on the project's installed capacity level and on an underlying economic indicator such as the output commodity's price or demand, which we model by an ergodic, one-dimensional Ito diffusion. The project's capacity level can be increased dynamically over time. The objective is to determine a capacity expansion strategy that maximizes the ergodic or long-term average payoff resulting from the project's management. We prove that it is optimal to increase the project's capacity level to a certain value and then take no further actions. The optimal capacity level depends on both the long-term average and the volatility of the underlying diffusion.
Management control systems in Finnish technology companies: search for a typology of MCS mix

The purpose of the paper is to search for a typology of management control system mix (MCSM) in 110 Finnish technology firms. MCSM is considered as a portfolio of management control mechanisms. In a MCSM, single systems are implemented and changed as a package. Instead of analysing such single systems, this paper is focused on a mix (package) of such systems that forms a more natural entity of controls. These MCSMs are assumed different for firms with different organisational characteristics. The paper is organised as follows. First, hypotheses on the relationship between background (organisational) variables and the implementation of and changes in MCSMs are presented. Second, a postal survey of MCSs is performed and responded by 110 firms. Third, the proposed hypotheses are tested for each single MCS by simple statistical tests. Fourth, typologies of MCSM implementation and change are searched by the factor analysis to empirically find out typical combinations of MCSs. Fifth, the extracted hypotheses are tested for the factor scores associated with MCSMs. The analysis showed that there are four basic types of MCSMs for implementation and change. These types are associated with different mixes of MCSs and affected by different organisational variables. The MCSMs for change found by the factor analysis can be classified in the following control packages: value-based management systems (change), performance measurement and improvement systems (change), activity- and process-based management systems (change) and production planning systems (change). For implementation, the third mix was merely entitled as time- and activity-based management system (implementation) while all other MCSMs were similar. Of all the organisational variables, only the size of the organisation proved to be statistically significant for all the types (MCSMs).
A service‐costing framework for logistics companies and a case study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a service‐costing framework for logistics companies that are providing land transportation via trucks.Design/methodology/approach – Several costing methodologies are combined around activity‐based costing and process modeling and a framework is developed. The developed framework is applied to a logistics company to track its service costs.Findings – After the case study is completed, it is concluded that the proposed framework can be very useful for the company in determining their true service costs. Moreover, the service costs of the company become more apparent to them. Results of the costing information were also found very useful to initiate effective process improvement plans.Research limitations/implications – In order to execute the model effectively companies need to keep a record of the relevant costing data systematically, otherwise it is not possible to get satisfactory results.Practical implications – One of the main difficulties for land tran.
The effects of DLEU1 gene expression in Burkitt lymphoma (BL): potential mechanism of chemoimmunotherapy resistance in BL

Following a multivariant analysis we demonstrated that children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and a 13q14.3 deletion have a significant decrease in event free survival (EFS) despite identical short intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. However, how this deletion in the 13q14.3 region is associated with a significant decrease in EFS in children and adolescents with BL is largely unknown. The gene Deleted in Lymphocytic Leukemia 1 (DLEU1) is located in the region of 13q14.3. Here, we report that DLEU1 expression is implicated in the regulation of BL programmed cell death, cell proliferation, and expression of apoptotic genes in transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)s-induced DLEU1 knockdown and DLEU1 overexpressing BL cell lines. Furthermore, NSG mice xenografted with DLEU1 knockdown BL cells had significantly shortened survival (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005), whereas those xenografted with DLEU1 overexpressing BL cells had significantly improved survival (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001), following treatment with rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide. These data suggest that DLEU1 may in part function as a tumor suppressor gene and confer chemoimmunotherapy resistance in children and adolescents with BL.
Effect of an intervention to improve the management of patients with diabetes in primary care practice.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of an intervention targeted at primary care physicians (PCPs) in order to improve their management of diabetic patients. METHODS Diabetic patients seen by PCPs in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2008 to July 2009 were included in this prospective cohort study. The PCPs were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group with the help of an assistant, utilized a customized designed computer program generating a checklist for the PCPs. The list included clinical and biochemical screening tests needed for the patients current visit, according to evidence-based diabetes guidelines. For the control group, no assistant was used. At the end of one year, an independent reviewer evaluated the patients' files in both groups to assess the adherence to diabetes guidelines. RESULTS We enrolled 162 patients in the control group and 517 patients in the intervention group. The intervention significantly improved the percentage of patients being screened for diabetic complications; retinopathy from 24.7-98.5%, neuropathy from 25.9-92%, and nephropathy from 37.8-73.7%. There was no improvement in glycemic control in both groups and glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) values were still above the 7% target. CONCLUSION Management of diabetic patients in the primary care clinics is below standard. The intervention applied was effective in promoting better adherence to evidence-based diabetes guidelines.
Impact of Salinity on the Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck.

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of NaCl on the physiological and biochemical traits of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck. In order to determine the impact of NaCl, Chlorella was exposed to different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0.1-0.4M besides control over a period of 30 days. It was found that total chlorophyll contents stimulated at lower concentrations of NaCl (0.1 and 0.2M) but reduced at higher (0.3 and 0.4M) concentrations. The total protein contents inhibited at all concentrations of NaCl . While -carotene and carbohydrate contents increased upto 0.3M and thereafter declined. It is interesting to note that the proline content increased with increase in NaCl concentrations. However, glycine betaine was noticeably increased upto 0.3 M and thereafter declined. The results indicated that Chlorella vulgaris showed diverse response to NaCl stress.
On the Relationship Between Multiple-Scattering Macro Basis Functions and Krylov Subspace Iterative Methods

A mathematical link is provided between the Krylov subspace iterative approach based on the full orthogonalization method (FOM) and the macro basis functions (MBF) approach based on a multiple-scattering methodology. The link refers to the subspaces created by those methods as well as to the orthogonality conditions which they satisfy. Both approaches are applied to the same method-of-moments (MoM) system of equations that is preconditioned based on a closest-interaction rule, and where blocks of the MoM impedance matrix are compressed using a rank-revealing method. MBF and FOM approaches are compared numerically, with a special attention given to accuracy, for perfectly conducting objects, comprising an array of tapered-slot antennas, spheres and an aircraft. The respective advantages of both methods are briefly discussed and further prospects are given.
The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success

The relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. A widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction) of individuals born to parents who are not unusually closely related is more or less equal. Examination of three long–lived vertebrates, the long–finned pilot whale, the grey seal and the wandering albatross reveals significant negative relationships between parental similarity and genetic estimates of reproductive success. This effect could, in principle, be driven by a small number of low quality, inbred individuals. However, when the data are partitioned into individuals with above average and below average parental similarity, we find no evidence that the slopes differ, suggesting that the effect is more or less similar across the full range of parental similarity values. Our results thus uncover a selective pressure that favours not only inbreeding avoidance, but also the selection of maximally dissimilar mates.
The Impact of Cost Changes on Industry Dynamics

This paper inquires into the response of industry dynamics to increases in costs. We show that increases in marginal and fixed costs may have interesting, non-obvious effects on entry and exit. Before costs change, the model exhibits behavior that matches many industries such as manufacturing and retail: fewer but larger firms over time, and significant amounts of entry and exit. When costs rise, price rises and the market quantity supplied falls, but the amount of entry and exit may rise or fall. The most intuitive outcome from a cost increase is the competitor neutral case, in which entry decreases and exit increases. Two other possible cases are the entrant favoring case, in which entry and exit both increase, and the incumbent favoring case, in which entry and exit both decrease. The model places restrictions on which outcomes are possible given which costs rise (marginal or fixed). The entrant favoring case can arise only from an increase in marginal cost, which favors small entering firms relative to larger incumbents. The incumbent favoring case can come about only from an increase in fixed cost, which favors incumbents with their larger market share relative to small entrants. These restrictions allow one to infer the nature of the cost increases even when costs are not directly observed. The model can be used to examine the impacts of cost-increasing regulation or exogenous process innovation on industry dynamics.
Do US employers discriminate against females when hiring their employees

Using Johnson's decomposition technique, this paper demonstrates that the disappearance of the gap between female and male unemployment rates in the United States during the last decade results partly from a general hiring policy that is favourable to women workers. This conclusion holds for workers in five out of eight occupational subsamples considered. The sign and size of unexplained female - male unemployment rate differential estimated from 1969, 1977 and 1987 CPS data suggest that hiring discrimination against females in the US labour market has declined considerably during the last two decades. The study also supports the earlier finding that the growth of employment in government and in the female dominated service sector, and migration of workers from the South to other regions contribute significantly to the convergence of male and female unemployment rates in the 1980s.