Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance localisation

Profiling techniques highlight where performance issues manifest and provide a starting point for tracing cause back through a program. While people diagnose and understand the cause of performance to guide formulation of a performance improvement, we seek automated techniques for highlighting performance improvement opportunities to guide search algorithms. We investigate mutation-based approaches for highlighting where a performance improvement is likely to exist. For all modification locations in a program, we make all possible modifications and analyse how often modifications reduce execution count. We compare the resulting code location rankings against rankings derived using a profiler and find that mutation analysis provides the higher accuracy in highlighting performance improvement locations in a set of benchmark problems, though at a much higher execution cost. We see both approaches as complimentary and consider how they may be used to further guide Genetic Programming in finding performance improvements.
Improved memory functioning and frontal lobe maturation between childhood and adolescence: A structural MRI study

Previous studies conducted by our group have provided evidence for age-related reductions in cortical thickness in dorsal frontal and parietal regions between childhood and adulthood, and gray matter volume increases of mesial temporal and anterior diencephalic structures. The purpose of this study was to describe neurobehavioral correlates of these brain maturational changes using morphometric analyses of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) and two tests of cognitive abilities. Participants were 35 normal children roughly stratified by age (7 to 16 years) and sex (20 boys and 15 girls) and frontal and mesial temporal regions were anatomically defined in each subjects' MRI data. The California Verbal Learning Test–Children's Version and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test were used as measures of verbal and visuospatial memory and organizational abilities. Analyses designed to show regionally specific relationships between the brain and behavioral measures revealed interesting results. Specifically, frontal lobe gray matter thinning was more strongly predictive of delayed verbal memory functioning than was the mesial temporal lobe gray matter volume, and this relationship did not appear to be mediated by factors indexed in chronological age. Similar, but less regionally specific relationships were observed for measures of visuospatial memory abilities and frontal lobe maturation. Functional imaging studies in the literature consistently report activation in frontal regions in adults during retrieval tasks. The relationship between frontal lobe maturation and delayed recall observed here may be reflective of the children's development towards the more adult-like frontal lobe function revealed in the functional imaging studies. (JINS, 2001, 7, 312–322.)
Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: The moderating role of CSR‐specific relative autonomy and individualism

Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U. S.A. Department of Business Administration, Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Work and Organizational Psychology, MTEC, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), Shanghai, P. R. China Emlyon Business School, Paris Campus, France Correspondence Deborah E. Rupp, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907‐2081, U.S.A. Email: ruppd@purdue.edu
Low Noise Ultrashort Pulse Generation by Direct RF Modulation at 22 GHz From an AlGaInAs Multiple Quantum-Well Laser at 1.55 $\mu{\rm m}$

We report subpicosecond pulse generation at 22 GHz from a two-section passively mode-locked laser at 1.55 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula>, using a novel AlGaInAs quantum-well wafer. By carefully designing the metal pad and the isolation layer, we are able to hybridly mode-lock the laser by modulating the saturable absorber at the fundamental repetition rate and thus achieve a low timing jitter of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{\rm 280}~{\rm fs}$</tex></formula> (1 Hz–100 MHz).
Facial expressions in comics: an empirical consideration of McCloud’s proposal

In Making Comics: Storytelling Secrets of Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels (2006), Scott McCloud proposes that the use of specific drawing techniques will enable viewers to reliably deduce different degrees of intensity of the six basic emotions from facial expressions in comics. Furthermore, he suggests that an accomplished comics artist can combine the components of facial expressions conveying the basic emotions to produce complex expressions, many of which are supposedly distinct and recognizable enough to be named. This article presents an empirical investigation and assessment of the validity of these claims, based on the results obtained from three questionnaires. Each of the questionnaires deals with one of the aspects of McCloud’s proposal: face expression intensity, labelling and compositionality. The data show that the tasks at hand were much more difficult than would have been expected on the basis of McCloud’s proposal, with the intensity matching task being the most successful of the three.
School Administrators' Leadership Styles, Gender, and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Suburban Virginia: A Multiple Regression

Educational leadership is one of the most important indicators in the success of a school. Research indicates leadership has various constructs which affect its effectiveness. The most successful and effective leaders have high self-efficacy. Leaders with high self-efficacy are affected by various constructs. Gaps in the literature on leadership effectiveness include the study of gender constructs and the effect of perceived self-efficacy and the effects of leadership styles (e.g., transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire). This study used a multiple regression analysis to determine if there is a significant predictive relationship between perceived self-efficacy and the linear combination of gender and leadership style as predictor variables. The results indicated a significant, predictive relationship based on transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and gender using self-reported data from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are included in the discussion as related to leadership styles, gender, and perceived self-efficacy among administrators in a suburban Virginia school district.
Picking the NYT Picks : Editorial Criteria and Automation in the Curation of Online News

Journalists have a propensity to select online comments for publication according to editorial conceptions of quality content. This work considers various criteria for identifying quality user contributions for publication, evaluates how these criteria manifest in New York Times “Picks” comments, and operationalizes three such criteria computationally. Results indicate that many of the criteria enumerated from the literature do manifest in NYT “Picks” comments more so than nonselected comments, that most criteria are adequately rated by untrained non-professionals, and that relatively simple algorithms can be used to automatically assess some of these criteria. Implications for future online commenting experiences are discussed.
Secure Homomorphic and Searchable Encryption in Ad Hoc Networks

We studied secure homomorphic as well as searchable encryption in this work. In ad hoc/sensor networks, quiteoften we need to gather data from those sensors to a fixed sink and process them, such as a group of sensor nodes responsible for gathering temperature data gathering. In order to ensure user'sprivacy, all gathered data must be encrypted to be sent to the sink. Each piece of data are to be summed up at the sink via homomorphic encryption. In this paper, we consider the scenario where a group of users share some encrypted group data stored at the sink. Each authorized user must be able to efficiently retrieve the group data so he/she can contribute his/her own piece to bemerged with the group data via homomorphic encryption. Our proposed scheme is both provably secure and practical in bothad hoc/sensor networks as well as cloud computing.
Automatic analysis of facial attractiveness from video

There has been a growing interest in the computer science field for automatic analysis and recognition of facial beauty and attractiveness. Most of the proposed studies attempt to model and predict facial attractiveness using a single static facial image. While a static image provides limited information about facial attractiveness, using a video clip that contains information about the motion and the dynamic behaviour of the face provides a richer understanding and valuable insights into analysing facial attractiveness. With this motivation, we propose to use dynamic features obtained from video clips along with static features obtained from static frames for automatic analysis of facial attractiveness. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) are utilised to create and train models of attractiveness using the features extracted. Experimental results show that combining static and dynamic features improve performance over using either of these feature sets alone, and SVM provides the best prediction performance.
Common Training Practices and Preferred Personality Traits of Intramural Sports Officials

This research study examined campus recreation intramural training techniques used to prepare sports officials. The top 10 techniques reported by the sample (n = 52) are presented. Use of National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) training materials was found to have a significant positive relationship with overall official training program satisfaction. Intramural coordinators who self-rated as unsatisfied with training program also rated their program significantly less effective when compared to intramural coordinators who indicated satisfaction with their training program. Further inquiry determined that the responding professionals ranked officials' traits and abilities similar in importance, with confidence, knowledge, and decision making as most important. There were no differences in the preferred officials' trait ratings when compared to overall program satisfaction.
[phi]Sched: A Heterogeneity-Aware Hadoop Workflow Scheduler

Enterprise Hadoop applications now routinely comprise complex workflows that are managed by specialized workflow schedulers such as Oozie. The resources are assumed to be similar or homogeneous and data locality is often the only scheduling constraint considered. However, introduction of specialized architectures and regular system upgrades lead to Hadoop data center hardware becoming increasingly heterogeneous, in that a data center may have several clusters each boasting different characteristics. However, the workflow scheduler is not aware of such heterogeneity, and thus cannot ensure that a cluster selected based on data locality is also suitable for supporting the jobs efficiently in terms of execution time and resource consumption. In this paper, we adopt a quantitative approach where we first study detailed behavior of various representative Hadoop applications running on four different hardware configurations. Next, we incorporate this information into a hardware-aware scheduler, ØSched, to improve the resource application match. To ensure that job associated data is available locally (or nearby) to a cluster in a multi-cluster deployment, we configure a single Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) instance across all the participating clusters. We also design and implement region-aware data placement and retrieval for HDFS in order to reduce the network overhead and achieve cluster-level data locality. We evaluate our approach using experiments on Amazon EC2 with four clusters of eight homogeneous nodes each, where each cluster has a different hardware configuration. We find that ØSched's optimized placement of applications across the test clusters reduces the execution time of the test applications by 18.7%, on average, when compared to extant hardware oblivious scheduling. Moreover, our HDFS enhancement increases the I/O throughput by up to 23% and the average I/O rate by up to 26% for the TestDFSIO benchmark.
netnice: nice is not only for CPUs-a simple subnetwork bandwidth management scheme

In this paper, we present "netnice", a mechanism that allows processes to throttle their own network bandwidth consumption. As the name suggests, it is inspired by the Unix "nice" command in that it allows users and administrators to limit the network resources used by individual processes in order to avoid impacting the performance of other processes. In the paper, to address the problem of transient performance deterioration in local area network (LAN) environments, we propose a bandwidth limitation primitive that works within a host's kernel, called netnice. We also show several uses of netnice. Through experimentation in a small LAN of FreeBSD machines, we show how netnice allows for higher degree of controllability in bandwidth management.
Subtyping object and recursive types logically ( Draft )

Subtyping in first order object calculi is studied with respect to the logical semantics obtained by identifying terms that satisfy the same set of predicates, as formalized through an assignment system. It is shown that equality in the full first order ς-calculus is modelled by this notion, which on turn is included in a Morris style contextual equivalence.
Exploring the theory and practice of knowledge exchange : intention, context and characteristics

The concept of Knowledge Exchange (KE), increasingly adopted by policy makers and practitioners, is used to describe policy, investment and related forms of collaboration between universities and public, private and third sector partners. The concept is inclusive of formal and informal collaborations that extend beyond universities’ traditional roles as centres of research and teaching excellence with a recognised potential to generate significant social and economic benefits. This enquiry sets out to clarify the concept of KE as a distinct mode of university collaboration and identify important factors that act to shape the effectiveness of KE projects as the basis for exploring how future projects can be supported to maximise effectiveness. The overall aim is addressed is through a review of relevant literature and a case study analysis incorporating six knowledge exchange projects undertaken within the context of The Creative Exchange, one of four AHRC funded Knowledge Exchange Hubs. Each project focused on addressing opportunities and challenges associated with digital innovation across a variety of social contexts. The study reflects the premise that to design and enable knowledge exchange initiatives effectively, it is necessary to understand the intention, context and characteristics of this mode of collaboration and the factors that shape the delivery of the related projects. Distilled from the case study analysis and elements of the literature review, a typology of three distinct forms of University collaboration is developed (Technology Transfer, Knowledge Transfer and Knowledge Exchange) and an Exploratory Mode of KE identified. The exploratory mode is situated in the context of a innovation funnel, illustrating how the concept can be integrated in to a wider process of KE project development. Research insights provide a basis for identifying enabling factors that influenced the design and delivery of the selected projects, these insights in turn are used to inform the design of an enabling framework to support future KE projects.
Optimization of Li-Zn ferrite synthesis parameters using the experimental design method

2+ ions. Using sintering aid and decreasing particle size are easy and economical methods to decrease the sintering temperature and at the same time improve electrical properties of ferrites. In this research, the influence of sintering temperature, sintering aids B2O3 and nano SiO 2, milling time and the rotation speed of the mill on the density, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of Li-Zn ferrite were investigated. Response surface method (RSM) was used to experimental design of the production process and the statistical analysis of the process parameters effects. The RSM results were then used as objective functions of optimization method to find the process parameters for the global optimization of the response parameters. The results show that the sintering temperature significantly affects the density, and B 2O3 have a considerable effect on the desired properties of Li-Zn ferrite, while other parameters have no such effect.
Between Worlds: Securing Mixed JavaScript/ActionScript Multi-Party Web Content

Mixed Flash and JavaScript content has become increasingly prevalent; its purveyance of dynamic features unique to each platform has popularized it for myriad Web development projects. Although Flash and JavaScript security has been examined extensively, the security of untrusted content that combines both has received considerably less attention. This article considers this fusion in detail, outlining several practical scenarios that threaten the security of Web applications. The severity of these attacks warrants the development of new techniques that address the security of Flash-JavaScript content considered as a whole, in contrast to prior solutions that have examined Flash or JavaScript security individually. Toward this end, the article presents FlashJaX, a cross-platform solution that enforces fine-grained, history-based policies that span both Flash and JavaScript. Using in-lined reference monitoring, FlashJaX safely embeds untrusted JavaScript and Flash content in Web pages without modifying browser clients or using special plug-ins. The architecture of FlashJaX, its design and implementation, and a detailed security analysis are exposited. Experiments with advertisements from popular ad networks demonstrate that FlashJaX is transparent to policy-compliant advertisement content, yet blocks many common attack vectors that exploit the fusion of these Web platforms.
A genomewide screen for autism susceptibility loci.

We report the analysis of 335 microsatellite markers genotyped in 110 multiplex families with autism. All families include at least two "affected" siblings, at least one of whom has autism; the remaining affected sibs carry diagnoses of either Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder. Affected sib-pair analysis yielded multipoint maximum LOD scores (MLS) that reach the accepted threshold for suggestive linkage on chromosomes 5, X, and 19. Nominal evidence for linkage (point-wise P<.05) was obtained on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, and 20, and secondary loci were found on chromosomes 5 and 19. Analysis of families sharing alleles at the putative X chromosomal linked locus and one or more other putative linked loci produced an MLS of 3.56 for the DXS470-D19S174 marker combination. In an effort to increase power to detect linkage, scan statistics were used to evaluate the significance of peak LOD scores based on statistical evidence at adjacent marker loci. This analysis yielded impressive evidence for linkage to autism and autism-spectrum disorders with significant genomewide P values <. 05 for markers on chromosomes 5 and 8 and with suggestive linkage evidence for a marker on chromosome 19.
Euclidean methods and the entropy function

The attractor mechanism implies that the supersymmetric black hole near horizon solution is defined only in terms of the conserved charges and is therefore independent of asymptotic moduli. Starting only with the near horizon geometry, Sen's entropy functional formalism computes the entropy of an extreme black hole by means of a Legendre transformation where the electric fields are defined as conjugated variables to the electric charges. However, traditional Euclidean methods require the knowledge of the full geometry to compute the black hole thermodynamic quantities. We establish the connection between the entropy functional formalism and the standard Euclidean formalism taken at zero temperature. We find that Sen's entropy function f (on‐shell) matches the zero temperature limit of the Euclidean action. Moreover, Sen's near horizon angular and electric fields agree with the chemical potentials that are defined from the zero‐temperature limit of the Euclidean formalism.
An elegant hardware-corroborated statistical repair and test methodology for conquering aging effects

We propose a new and efficient statistical-simulation-based test methodology for optimally selecting repair elements at beginning-of-life (BOL) to improve the end-of-life (EOL) functionality of memory designs. This is achieved by identifying the best BOL test/repair corner that maximizes EOL yield, thereby exploiting redundancy to optimize EOL operability with minimal BOL yield loss. The statistical approach makes it possible to identify such corners with tremendous savings in terms of test time and hardware. To estimate yields and search for the best repair corner the approach relies on fast conditional importance sampling statistical simulations. The methodology is versatile and can handle complex aging effects with asymmetrical distributions. Results are demonstrated on state-of-the-art dual-supply memory designs subject to statistical negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effects, and hardware results are shown to match predicted model trends.
Language Modelling in Information Retrieval

Information retrieval has been one of the backbones for the computer science and one of it main goals. As the new systems expand in size and complexity (having in mind an almost endless system such as Internet and search engines which index over milions of pages and sites) so does grow the importance of searching tasks. The main aim of the information retrieval is satisfying the information need of the user, i.e. traversing the given document collection (possibly indexed or preprocessed) and returning to the user some sort of presentation of important documents which are somehow connected or relevant to the user’s query. Over the past three decades, there has been a lot of research going on to solve these problems, but so far no method proved as the ultimate and the best. Although it seems that Google successfully solved most of the problems, the effectivness and details of its searching algorithm are still not public as well as the technology of the other searching engines. As late as 2003, the 40% accuracy limit was still not broken [1]. Language model approach to the information retrieval proved nevertheless as a very well-performing method in practice and allows us to model some of the special features of language that are omitted, ignored or tedious to model in other previous models. It is a quite new approach, concerning that the first pioneer research has taken place in the 1998 [8]. We will start with section 2 where I will try to describe briefly the methods which are preceding language model approach to information retrieval. Section 3 should try to explain some of the main differences and novelties of the approach compared with the older ones as well as similarities. Section 4 will describe the language modelling approach in details and present examples of the method in action. The description is followed by some of the smoothing methods, whose performance will be discussed at the end of the section.