Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATIONOF BIPOLAR,SCHIZOPHRENIC,AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALSVIAMULTIPLE SPATIALICAFUNCTIONALBRAIN'MODES'

Schizophrenia (SZ)andbipolar disorder (BP)are currently diagnosed onthebasis ofa constellation of psychiatric symptoms andlongitudinal course. Theclinical profile ofSZ andBP cansometimes looksimilar, especially when symptomsare overlapping. The determination ofareliable biologically-based indicator of thesediseases (abiomarker) wouldbe a significant advance andcould provide thegroundwork fordeveloping morerigorous toolsfordifferential diagnosis and assignment of treatments. Recently, independent componentanalysis applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)datahasbeenfruitful in grouping thedataintomeaningful spatially independent components. Wepropose anautomated waytoidentify two distinct brain networks or'modes' whichoccur inregions implicated inschizophrenia. Following identification, we propose amethodforcombining twobrain modesand developa supervised classification algorithm for discriminating subjects withbipolar disorder, chronic schizophrenia, andhealthy controls. Anadaptive threshold applied topair-wise meandifference images forthetwo spatial modesistrained tominimize thetotal error based upontheEuclidean distance between thegroupmean images andtheimages tobeclassified. Usinga fully validated leave-one-out approach, results indicate an average sensitivity andspecificity of90% and95%, respectively. Insummary, we showthatusingfeatures derived fromfMRIdatawithICA anda supervised classification approach, we canobjectively separate diagnostic groups andsuggests thatcombining multiple brain networks mayimprove ourability todistinguish diseases processes.
Numerical simulation of flow around a simplified high-speed train model using OpenFOAM

Detailed understanding of flow physics on the flow over a high-speed train (HST) can be accomplished using the vast information obtained from numerical simulation. Accuracy of any simulation in solving and analyzing problems related to fluid flow is important since it measures the reliability of the results. This paper describes a numerical simulation setup for the flow around a simplified model of HST that utilized open source software, OpenFOAM. The simulation results including pressure coefficient, drag coefficient and flow visualization are presented and they agreed well with previously published data. This shows that OpenFOAM software is capable of simulating fluid flows around a simplified HST model. Additionally, the wall functions are implemented in order to minimize the overall number of grid especially near the wall region. This resulted in considerably smaller numbers of mesh resolution used in the current study compared to previous work, which leads to achievement of much reasonable time simulation and consequently reduces the total computational effort without affecting the final outcome.
Gene and Protein Expression Profiling of the Microvascular Compartment in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BI/6 and SJL Mice

Dysfunction of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The molecular mechanisms leading to BBB breakdown are not well understood. In order to find molecules involved in this process, we used oligonucleotide microarrays and proteomics to analyze gene and protein expression of the microvascular compartment isolated from brains of C57BI/6 and SJL/N mice afflicted with EAE and the microvascular compartment isolated from healthy controls. Out of the 6500 known genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) studied, expression of 288 genes was found to be changed. Of these genes 128 were altered in the microvascular compartment in both EAE models. Six proteins were identified to be present at altered levels. In addition to the expected increased expression of genes coding for molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment, genes not yet ascribed to EAE pathogenesis were identified. Thus, proteomics and gene array screens of the microvascular compartment are valid approaches, that can be used to define novel candidate molecules involved in EAE pathogenesis at the level of the BBB.
Hierarchical controller learning in a First-Person Shooter

We describe the architecture of a hierarchical learning-based controller for bots in the First-Person Shooter (FPS) game Unreal Tournament 2004. The controller is inspired by the subsumption architecture commonly used in behaviourbased robotics. A behaviour selector decides which of three sub-controllers gets to control the bot at each time step. Each controller is implemented as a recurrent neural network, and trained with artificial evolution to perform respectively combat, exploration and path following. The behaviour selector is trained with a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to achieve an effective balancing of the lower-level behaviours. We argue that FPS games provide good environments for studying the learning of complex behaviours, and that the methods proposed here can help developing interesting opponents for games.
Looking Out My Back Door: The Neighborhood Context and Perceptions of Relative Deprivation

Students of political violence have often suggested that socioeconomic con ditions play a significant role in explaining the individual-level predisposi tion toward violence. Relative deprivation theories propose that a person's socioeconomic situation is related to political violence, but only if the individual's situation is seen relative to other individuals and groups in society Unfortunately, most tests of this premise have been inconclusive. To a large extent, the problem centers on the lack of appropriate data; relative deprivation theories posit a relationship between the individual and the context, requiring that we merge individual-level and collective- level data. This study examines individuals' socioeconomic positions within the context of their neighborhoods. Two contextual effects are identified. First, consistent with theories of relative deprivation, support for violence is partly determined by the relationship between individual-level and neigh borhood-level economic conditions. For instance, poor persons who re side in relatively well-off neighborhoods are highly supportive of violence. Second, the level of socioeconomic heterogeneity within a neighborhood moderates a person's perceptions of deprivation, and consequently this person's support for political violence. These findings suggest that percep tions of deprivation originate through a complex process centering on so cioeconomic information from individuals' social contexts.
An Integrated Approach to the Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients with Breast Cancer

Background A major challenge in oncology is the selection of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for individual patients, while the administration of ineffective chemotherapy increases mortality and decreases quality of life in cancer patients. This emphasizes the need to evaluate every patient's probability of responding to each chemotherapeutic agent and limiting the agents used to those most likely to be effective. Methods and Results Using gene expression data on the NCI-60 and corresponding drug sensitivity, mRNA and microRNA profiles were developed representing sensitivity to individual chemotherapeutic agents. The mRNA signatures were tested in an independent cohort of 133 breast cancer patients treated with the TFAC (paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy regimen. To further dissect the biology of resistance, we applied signatures of oncogenic pathway activation and performed hierarchical clustering. We then used mRNA signatures of chemotherapy sensitivity to identify alternative therapeutics for patients resistant to TFAC. Profiles from mRNA and microRNA expression data represent distinct biologic mechanisms of resistance to common cytotoxic agents. The individual mRNA signatures were validated in an independent dataset of breast tumors (P = 0.002, NPV = 82%). When the accuracy of the signatures was analyzed based on molecular variables, the predictive ability was found to be greater in basal-like than non basal-like patients (P = 0.03 and P = 0.06). Samples from patients with co-activated Myc and E2F represented the cohort with the lowest percentage (8%) of responders. Using mRNA signatures of sensitivity to other cytotoxic agents, we predict that TFAC non-responders are more likely to be sensitive to docetaxel (P = 0.04), representing a viable alternative therapy. Conclusions Our results suggest that the optimal strategy for chemotherapy sensitivity prediction integrates molecular variables such as ER and HER2 status with corresponding microRNA and mRNA expression profiles. Importantly, we also present evidence to support the concept that analysis of molecular variables can present a rational strategy to identifying alternative therapeutic opportunities.
Title Advances in methods for detection of anaerobic ammoniumoxidizing ( anammox ) bacteria

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), the biochemical process oxidizing ammonium into dinitrogen gas using nitrite as an electron acceptor, has only been recognized for its significant role in the global nitrogen cycle not long ago, and its ubiquitous distribution in a wide range of environments has changed our knowledge about the contributors to the global nitrogen cycle. Currently, several groups ofmethods are used in detection of anammox bacteria based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics, cellular chemical composition, and both 16S rRNA gene and selective functional genes as biomarkers, including hydrazine oxidoreductase and nitrite reductase encoding genes hzo and nirS, respectively. Results from these methods coupling with advances in quantitative PCR, reverse transcription of mRNA genes and stable isotope labeling have improved our understanding on the distribution, diversity, and activity of anammox bacteria in different environments both natural and engineered ones. In this review, we summarize these methods used in detection of anammox bacteria from various environments, highlight the strengths and weakness of these methods, and also discuss the new development potentials on the existing and new techniques in the future.
Amino Acids Involved in Polyphosphate Synthesis and Its Mobilization Are Distinct in Polyphosphate Kinase-1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Background In bacteria polyphosphates (poly-P) are involved in cellular metabolism and development especially during stress. The enzyme, principally involved in polyphosphate biosynthesis and its mobilization leading to generation of NTPs, is known as polyphosphate kinase (PPK). Principal Findings Among two genes of polyphosphate kinases present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we cloned and expressed PPK1 in Escherichia coli as histidine-tagged protein. This ∼86 kDa protein is capable of autophosphorylation and synthesis of poly-P as well as NTP. Among 22 conserved histidine residues, we found only His-491 is autophosphorylated and crucial for any enzymatic activity. Substitution of His-510 caused mPPK1 protein deficient but not defective in autophosphorylation, thereby contrary to earlier reports negating any role of this residue in the process. However, mutation of His-510 with either Ala or Gln affected ATP or poly-P synthesis depending on the substitution; while such effects were severe with H510A but mild with H510Q. Furthermore, mPPK1 also renders auxiliary nucleotide diphosphate kinase function by synthesizing virtually all NTPs/dNTPs from their cognate NDPs/dNDPs by utilizing poly-P as the phosphate donor albeit with varied efficiency. To assess the influence of other catalytic domain residues of mPPK1 towards its functionality, we designed mutations based on E. coli PPK1 crystal structure since it owes 68% amino acid sequence similarity with mPPK1. Interestingly, our results revealed that mutations in mPPK1 affecting poly-P synthesis always affected its ATP synthesizing ability; however, the reverse may not be true. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that amino acid residues involved in poly-P and ATP synthesizing activities of mPPK1 are distinct. Considering conserved nature of PPK1, it seems our observations have broader implications and not solely restricted to M. tuberculosis only.
Transitions to Democracy: Tracking Democracy''s Third Wave with the Polity III Data

Lightning protection system for roofed buildings having a waste pipe system comprising a series of interconnected waste pipes, a vent stack on the roof of the building, a soil pipe at the building site buried in electrically conductive contact with the ground, a lightning rod with a ball and a space discharge electrode atop the ball, and adapted to be supported by the stack without interfering with the stack's function, the series of interconnected waste pipes being in a building wall between and connecting the vent stack above and the soil pipe below and establishing a grounding circuit including the vent stack, and a bracket carried by the lightning rod and conductively affixed to the vent stack to render the grounding circuit complete to the space discharge electrode.
Oxide-based RRAM models for circuit designers: A comparative analysis

Recently, Oxide-based random access memory devices (OxRAM) have shown the potential to outperform non-volatile memories due to their high scalability, high-speed, high-density, and low-energy operation. A critical requirement for using OxRAM at circuit level is a predictive model for device behavior that can be used in simulations, as well as a guide for circuit designers. The proper choice of the memory device model leads to a better understanding of the memory cell behavior, and also to a better exploitation of its unique properties in novel systems. This work is intended to help designers decide on the most appropriate memory cell model for circuit design. We present a comparative study of the different major existing OxRAM models tested within the same simulation environment.
Robust Channel Estimation and Detection for Single-Carrier and Multicarrier Block Transmission Systems

Block transmission techniques, including single-carrier (SC) and multicarrier (MC) communication techniques, have received much research interest recently for their better ability to handle the intersymbol interference problem than continuous transmission. Numerous detection schemes for SC and MC communication systems have been proposed. While these schemes may be derived from different principles, they usually rely on some initial estimate of the communication channel and/or the covariance matrix of the received signal. However, such estimates usually contain inherent estimation errors to which most existing detection schemes are known to be sensitive. In this paper, we develop robust estimation and detection schemes that explicitly account for channel and covariance matrix estimation errors by optimizing the worst-case performance over properly selected bounded uncertainty sets. Although the prior channel and covariance matrix-estimation errors are generally not bounded, we show that it is beneficial to refine the channel and covariance matrix estimates over properly chosen bounded uncertainty sets centered on the prior channel and covariance matrix estimates. Numerical results show that an improved performance is achieved by using the proposed robust approaches over the ones that ignore the prior estimation errors.
Poder Judiciário: Perspectivas de Reforma

The article discusses the crisis of the Brazilian System of Justice and some of the central aspects of its Reform propositions, like its anachronism, malfunctioning and the unequal access to the justice services. The author presents the positioning of Justice members about these issues based on survey researches conducted by the IDESP since 1993. Some of the survey results indicate that corporatism has diminished in the past recent years, what is expressed, for example, through the acceptance of democratization of the Justicial power. The results also show that the external control of the Judicial Power remains as one of the central problems.
To Be Aware or Not Aware? What to Think about while Learning and Performing a Motor Skill

The effectiveness of three learning strategies on achievement was compared in the learning and performing of a self-paced motor task. More specifically, investigated was the influence of (a) an awareness strategy (to consciously attend to the act and to what one is doing during execution); (b) a nonawareness strategy (to preplan the movement and perform the task without conscious attention to it; “to just do it”); (c) the Five-Step Approach (to systematically ready oneself, image the act, focus attention on a cue, execute without thought, and evaluate the act and the previous steps); and (d) a control condition (to use one’s own approach). Subjects (N = 72) received 250 trials to master a computer-managed ball-throwing task, and 50 more in a dual-task situation. The Five-Step Approach and nonawareness strategies led to the highest achievement, and the three strategies resulted in less radial error in comparison to the control condition.
Intracranial pure yolk sac tumor in the anterior third ventricle of an adult: A case report

A 45-year-old female patient presented with symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, menopause, headache, gait disturbance and deteriorated mental state. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregular mass in the anterior third ventricle. The tumor was excised using a transfrontal approach from the anterior section of the third ventricle. The histological diagnosis was of an intracranial pure yolk sac tumor. The patient underwent radiotherapy and suffered no tumor recurrence one year after the surgery. Overall, when heterogeneous enhancement and an irregular mass with surrounding invasion and ventricular dilation are observed in the anterior third ventricle of an adult, a yolk sac tumor should be considered, and MRI may aid the differential diagnosis. A combination of surgical resection and radiotherapy is recommended for the yolk sac tumor.
School Climate as a Predictor of Incivility and Bullying Among Public School Employees: A Multilevel Analysis

We surveyed public school educators on the workplace incivility and workplace bullying they experienced and obtained their ratings of the organizational climate of the school. We used multilevel modeling to determine the effects of individual-level and school-level predictors. Ratings of school climate were significantly related to incivility and bullying. We found inverse relationships— the better the organizational climate, the lower the incivility and bullying. Several demographic variables of educators and two school-level variables were not significant predictors. Leaders who focus on improving organizational climate may find that their efforts benefit both student achievement and relationships among educators.
Ambulantes Assessment in der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychiatrie

Zusammenfassung. Viele diagnostische Verfahren in der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychiatrie stutzen sich auf retrospektive Selbst- berichte. Solche retrospektiven Selbstberichte sind haufig beeintrachtigt durch Erinnerungsfehler und eignen sich kaum, um kurzfristige Veranderungen des Verhaltens uber die Zeit oder verschiedene Situationen hinweg abzubilden. Ambulantes Assessment bezeichnet di- agnostische Verfahren, die das Verhalten und Erleben von Personen in ihrer naturlichen Umgebung unmittelbar oder mit minimaler zeitlicher Verzogerung erfassen. Mit diesen Verfahren lassen sich Erinnerungsfehler vermeiden und detaillierte Informationen uber Symp- tome sowie deren Antezedentien und Konsequenzen in der naturlichen Umgebung von Patienten gewinnen. Der Beitrag gibt eine Uber- sicht uber Ambulante Assessment Methoden, die sowohl fur die Forschung als auch fur die Diagnostik und die psychotherapeutische Praxis von Nutzen sind. Vorgestellt werden systematische Selbstbeobachtungs- und Tagebuchverfahren, Methoden des Verhaltensmoni- torings (Registrierung der Bewegungsaktivitat, Korperhaltung und Sprechaktivitat), des psychophysiologischen Monitorings sowie der Registrierung von Umweltmerkmalen. Ferner werden ambulante Experten- und Feedbacksysteme besprochen. Abschliesend werden sowohl die Grenzen als auch das zukunftige Potenzial des Ambulanten Assessments diskutiert. Schlusselworter: Ambulantes Assessment (Monitoring), computerunterstutzte Methoden, computerunterstutzte Therapie, elektronisches Tagebuch, Psychophysiologie, physische Aktivitat Abstract. Assessment in clinical psychology and psychiatry relies to a large extend on retrospective self-reports. However, such self-re- ports are impaired by recall biases and are not appropriate for assessing short term changes of behavior across contexts and over time. Ambulatory Assessment refers to different diagnostic methods, which have in common that they capture people's behavior and experience in their usual daily life, without or with only minimal latency. Ambulatory Assessment methods avoid recall biases and provide detailed information about symptoms, their antecedents and consequences in the natural context of patients' daily life. This article gives an overview over current Ambulatory Assessment methods that are valuable for research, clinical diagnostic and psychotherapy. We intro- duce electronic diaries, behavior monitoring (recording of physical movement, posture, and speech activity), psychophysiological moni- toring, and methods to record features of the physical and social environment. In addition, we review ambulatory feedback and expert systems. Finally, we discuss the limits and potentials of Ambulatory Assessment in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Drying kinetics of two grape varieties of Italy

Two varieties of grapes, white grape and red grape grown in the Campania region of Italy were selected for the study of drying characteristics. Comparisons were made with treated and untreated grapes under constant drying condition of 50o C in a conventional drying system. This temperature was selected to represent farm drying conditions. Grapes were purchased from a local market from the same supplier to maintain the same size of grapes and same properties. An abrasive physical treatment was used as pretreatment. The drying curves were constructed and drying kinetics was calculated using several commonly available models. It was found that treated samples show better drying characteristics than untreated samples. The objective of this study is to obtain drying kinetics which can be used to optimize the drying operations in grape drying.
Fusing online and offline information for stable 3D tracking in real-time

We propose an efficient online real-time solution for single-camera 3D tracking of rigid objects that can handle large camera displacements, drastic aspect changes, and partial occlusions. While the offline camera registration problem can be considered as essentially solved, robust online tracking remains an open issue because many real-time algorithms described in the literature still lack robustness and are prone to drift and jitter. To solve these problems, we have developed a robust approach to 3D feature matching that can handle wide-baseline matching: our method merges the information from preceding frames in traditional recursive tracking fashion with that provided by a very limited number of keyframes created during an offline stage. This combination results in a system that does not suffer from the above difficulties and can deal with drastic aspect changes. We use augmented reality applications to demonstrate its behavior because they are particularly demanding in terms of tracking performance.