Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among high school students from state's public schools.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among high school students from state's public schools in the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Sixteen state's public schools were randomly selected according to the geographic areas of the city (North, South, East, and West). The sample consisted of 3,845 high school students in 2006. Physical inactivity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short IPAQ) and was defined as practicing moderate and/or vigorous physical activity for a period of less than 300 minutes per week. The independent variables analyzed were: gender, age, socioeconomic level, geographic area of the city, awareness of the Agita São Paulo program, participation in physical education classes, smoking, alcohol intake and time spent per day watching television. Three-level Poisson regression was used for assessing the variables, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS The general prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents in São Paulo was 62.5% (95%CI 60.5-64.1). The factors associated with physical inactivity were gender, age, socioeconomic level, geographic area of the city, awareness of the Agita São Paulo program, non-participation in physical education classes, smoking, alcohol intake and time spent per day watching television. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents in São Paulo was high in all the geographic areas evaluated, and that sociodemographic and behavioral factors contributed significantly to physical inactivity.
Measurement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity in human skeletal muscle.

There are few published measures of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in human skeletal muscle. This study investigated the suitability of the K+-stimulated 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase assay for measurement of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in human skeletal muscle. Factors investigated include enzyme kinetics, sample treatment, and ligand concentration. The addition of ouabain blocked maximal K+-stimulated 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase (3-O-MFPase) activity, confirming the specificity of the assay. Activity was maximal using a multiple freeze-thaw treatment of the homogenate, a 10 mM KCl activating concentration, and a 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase substrate concentration of 160 microM, which is eight times higher than previously reported. From quadriceps muscle biopsies taken from seven healthy untrained subjects, the maximal K+-stimulated 3-O-MFPase activity determined from the homogenates was (mean +/- SE) 292 +/- 10 nmol min-1 . g-1 wet wt (1745 +/- 84 pmol min-1 . mg-1 protein). This value is five times greater than previously published data for human skeletal muscle. The intra-assay variability was 8.1% and the interassay variability was 5.3%. These modifications greatly enhanced the 3-O-MFPase assay, with the improved enzymatic conditions allowing valid, reliable measurement of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in small samples of human skeletal muscle.
Coumarins and Pyranocoumarins, Potential Novel Pharmacophores for Inhibition of Measles Virus Replication

A series of coumarin and pyranocoumarin analogues were evaluated in vitro for antiviral efficacy against measles virus (MV), strain Chicago. Of the 22 compounds tested for inhibition, six were found to have selectivity indices greater than 10. These were compounds 5-hydroxy-7-propionyloxy-4-propylcoumarin (2a), 5,7-bis(tosyloxy)-4-propylcoumarin (7); 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-7-tosyloxy-coumarin (8); 6,6-dimethyl-9-propionyloxy-4-propyl-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b‘]dipyran-2-one (9); 6,6-dimethyl-9-pivaloyloxy-4-propyl-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b’]dipyran-2-one (10); and 7,8-cis-10,11,12-trans-4-propyl-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-7,8,9-trihydroxy-2H,6H,12H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b‘:5,6- b“]tripyran-2-one (18). Three of the active drugs were propyl coumarin analogues (2a, 7 and 8), two were dipyranone or chromeno-coumarins (9 and 10), and one was a benzotripyranone with a coumarin nucleus (18). Some appeared to be rather specific and potent inhibitors of MV with EC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 50 μg/ml and the majority of the EC50 values being less than 5 μg/ml. The compounds inhibited an additional nine strains of MV, and in virucidal tests the drugs did not physically disrupt the virion to inhibit virus replication. The inhibitory activity for one of the compounds tested (7) was somewhat dependent on virus concentration and it was still active when added to cells up to 24 h after virus exposure. When used in combination with ribavirin, compound 7 appeared not to profoundly affect the antiviral efficacy of ribavirin or its cell-associated toxicity. However, a slightly antagonistic MV-inhibitory effect was observed at the highest concentration of ribavirin used in combination with most concentrations of compound 7 tested. This and related compounds may be valuable leads in the development of a potent and selective class of MV inhibitors that could be used in future in the clinic.
Process Mining Meets Malware Evolution: A Study of the Behavior of Malicious Code

Mobile phones are more and more used for sensitive resources exchange and access, becoming target for possible malware attacks. These attacks are still increasing with the birth of new and sophisticated malware that make the existing malware detection approaches often inadequate. Since the majority of new malware are generated using existing malicious code, it becomes very important tracking the mobile malware phylogeny. In this work, a Process Mining (PM) approach for building a malware phylogeny model using information contained in system calls traces, is proposed. The adoption of a declarative Process Mining technique allows to mine a constraint-based model that can be effectively used as a malware fingerprint expressing relationships and recurring execution patterns among system calls in the execution flows. The model characterizes the behavior of malware applications allowing the identification of similarities across malware families and among malware variants belonging to the same family. The proposed approach is evaluated using a dataset of more than 700 infected applications across seven malware families obtaining very encouraging results.
Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study

Background The classical serotonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocybin, mescaline are not known to cause brain damage and are regarded as non-addictive. Clinical studies do not suggest that psychedelics cause long-term mental health problems. Psychedelics have been used in the Americas for thousands of years. Over 30 million people currently living in the US have used LSD, psilocybin, or mescaline. Objective To evaluate the association between the lifetime use of psychedelics and current mental health in the adult population. Method Data drawn from years 2001 to 2004 of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health consisted of 130,152 respondents, randomly selected to be representative of the adult population in the United States. Standardized screening measures for past year mental health included serious psychological distress (K6 scale), mental health treatment (inpatient, outpatient, medication, needed but did not receive), symptoms of eight psychiatric disorders (panic disorder, major depressive episode, mania, social phobia, general anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and non-affective psychosis), and seven specific symptoms of non-affective psychosis. We calculated weighted odds ratios by multivariate logistic regression controlling for a range of sociodemographic variables, use of illicit drugs, risk taking behavior, and exposure to traumatic events. Results 21,967 respondents (13.4% weighted) reported lifetime psychedelic use. There were no significant associations between lifetime use of any psychedelics, lifetime use of specific psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, peyote), or past year use of LSD and increased rate of any of the mental health outcomes. Rather, in several cases psychedelic use was associated with lower rate of mental health problems. Conclusion We did not find use of psychedelics to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems.
The Structure of the N-terminal Region of Murine Skeletal Muscle α-Dystroglycan Discloses a Modular Architecture*

Dystroglycan (DG) is a cell surface receptor consisting of two subunits: α-dystroglycan, extracellular and highly glycosylated, and β-dystroglycan, spanning the cell membrane. It is a pivotal member of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and is involved in a wide variety of important cellular processes such as the stabilization of the muscle fiber sarcolemma or the clustering of acetylcholine receptors. We report the 2.3-Å resolution crystal structure of the murine skeletal muscle N-terminal α-DG region, which confirms the presence of two autonomous domains; the first finally identified as an Ig-like and the second resembling ribosomal RNA-binding proteins. Solid-phase laminin binding assays show the occurrence of protein-protein type of interactions involving the Ig-like domain of α-DG.
Point: Intensive Glycemic Control and Mortality in ACCORD—A Chance Finding?

The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was designed to assess whether intensive glucose management aimed at a normal A1C (<6%) versus standard therapy aimed at an A1C of 7–8% would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as reflected by the incidence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) such as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (1). The study enrolled 10,251 patients, and a planned mean follow-up of 5.6 years was expected to provide 89% power to detect a 15% reduction in MACE risk with intensive versus conventional therapy. Patients received any one of six anti-hyperglycemic agents or a variety of insulins alone or in combination. Eligible subjects were also randomized to intensive versus conventional lipid and/or blood pressure control. However, after a mean of 3.6 years of follow-up, when 62.5% of the planned information had been accrued, the study was terminated by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) in the presence of an increased incidence of mortality with intensive therapy: 257 versus 203 deaths with standard therapy, corresponding to an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% CI [1.01–1.46], P = 0.04). The database used to generate the final report to the DSMB was frozen and then used as the basis for analyses that were subsequently published (2). The initial report (2) stated that “differences in the use of drugs (including rosiglitazone), weight change, and other factors did not identify an explanation for the mortality finding. ” Since then the authors have searched in earnest for a biological mechanism that would account for this increase in mortality. None has been found. Herein I present a synopsis of these findings and then suggest another possible mechanism—that the observed excess mortality could have been a chance finding. ### Baseline factors Subgroup analyses within strata defined by baseline …
Suboptimal switched controls in context of singular arcs

In this paper suboptimal control in the case of hybrid systems is addressed. After a brief recall of necessary conditions on the optimal hybrid trajectory, it is shown that many hybrid optimal problems cannot have an hybrid solution. Nevertheless, we show in context of switched systems that there is some possibility to take advantage of the study of a convex embedding problem for which a solution exists. Indeed the presence of singular arcs in this solution explains why the original switched system has no solution and how suboptimal chattering solutions can be found.
La terapia facilitada por animales de compañía como programa de rehabilitación adjunto para personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia crónica

Coincidiendo con el surgimiento de la psiquiatria comunitaria, ha habido un progresivo proceso de desinstitucionalizacion de los pacientes psiquiatricos; seleccionando a los menos discapacitados para los recursos comunitarios y dejando los pacientes con mas discapacidad al cuidado de las instituciones. La rehabilitacion pretende afrontar la discapacidad para realizar actividades, con la finalidad de mejorar la desventaja social consecuencia del deterioro e incapacidad producidos por la enfermedad. La Terapia Facilitada por Animales, se describe como una intervencion disenada para mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo, fisico o social de un paciente, con unos objetivos especificos delimitados en el tiempo. Los estudios realizados hasta el momento apuntan a resultados positivos de este tipo de intervencion. En el presente trabajo se pretende describir como la Terapia Facilitada por Animales puede ser un programa de rehabilitacion terapeutico efectivo adjunto al tratamiento normal que cubra con las necesidades de los pacientes cronicos con diagnostico de esquizofrenia institucionalizados. Palabras Clave: terapia por animales, esquizofrenia, rehabilitacion. Schizophrenia has a course that usually leads to high degrees of disability. For the last years and with the advent of community psychiatry there has been a progressive deinstitutionalization process. Patients less disabled have been selected for the new community mental health services while severe patients have remained under institutionalized care. Rehabilitation aims to cope with the reduction of the ability to undertake different activities in order to improve social disadvantage due to the disability caused by the disorder. Pet Facilitated Therapy (PFT) is described as an intervention designed to improve cognitive, physical and social functioning of a patient, with some determined, time-delimited objectives. Studies done until now with different populations suggest that this kind of intervention could have positive results. The present paper aims to describe how PFT could be an effective therapeutic rehabilitation
ARG: A TOOL FOR AUTOMATIC REPORT GENERATION

The expansion of on-line text with the rapid growth of the Internet imposes utilizing Data Mining techniques to reveal the information embedded in these documents. Therefore text classification and text summarization are two of the most important application areas. In this work, we attempt to integrate these two techniques to help the user to compile and extract the information that is needed. Basically, we propose a two-phase algorithm in which the paragraphs in the documents are first classified according to given topics and then each topic is summarized to constitute the automatically generated report.
Strict-weak languages: an analysis of strict implication

Esta tesis docotral introduce los aqui llamados lenguajes estricto-debiles, y los analiza desde diversos puntos de vista,Los lenguajes estricto debiles son aquellos lenguajes formales que constan de conjuncion , disyuncion , falsum , verum, y adicionalmente de una cantidad indeterminada de conectivas que sematicamente se interpretan en las estructuras de Kripke como diferencias debiles.Estos lenguajes nos dan un fragmento de los habituales lenguajes modales puesto que: Donde es la implicacion material y es la diferencia material.Para el caso en que hay una sola implicacion estricta y ninguna diferencia debil resulta que la clausula semantica para la implicacion estrica que obtenemos es bien conocida, coincide con la de la logica proposicional intuicionista (y con la de otros muchos ejemplos). Los lenguajes estricto-debiles se analizan en la tesis doctoral, desde tres puntos de vista diferentes:teoria de modelos (donde se introduce la nocion de quasi bisimilaridad), teoria de la prueba (donde se introduce la nocion de logica estricto-debil)y commputabilidad (se caracterizan las clases de complejidad para las logicas estricto-debil). Los resultados obtenidos desde estas tres vertientes sugieren que aunque los lenguajes estricto-debiles son un fragmento de los lenguajes modales, en muchas ocasiones un conocimiento de lo que sucede para dichos fragmentos nos aporta informacion sobre lo que ocurre en la totalidad de los lenguajes modales (incluso fuera de los fragmentos anteriores).
Determining hierarchical functional networks from auditory stimuli fMRI

We determined connectivity of the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects experienced auditory stimuli in a 2‐by‐2 factorial design. The two factors in this study were “speaker” (same or different speaker) and “sentence” (same or different sentences). Connectivity studies allow us to ask how spatially remote brain regions are neurophysiologically related given these stimuli. In the context of this study, we examined how the “speaker” effect and “sentence” effect influenced these relationships. We applied a Bayesian connectivity method that determines hierarchical functional networks of functionally connected brain regions. Hierarchy in these functional networks is determined by conditional probabilities of elevated activity. For example, a brain region that becomes active a superset of the time of another region is considered ascendant to that brain region in the hierarchical network. For each factor level, we found a baseline functional network connecting the primary auditory cortex (Brodmann's Area [BA] 41) with the BA 42 and BA 22 of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). We also found a baseline functional network that includes Wernicke's Area (BA 22 posterior), STG, and BA 44 for each factor level. However, we additionally observed a strong ascendant connection from BA 41 to the posterior cingulate (BA 30) and Broca's Area and a stronger connection from Wernicke's Area to STG and the posterior cingulate while passively listening to different sentences rather than the same sentence repeatedly. Finally, our results revealed no significant “speaker” effect or interaction between “speaker” and “sentence. ” Hum. Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass spectrometry: a technique of many faces

Abstract Protein complexes form the critical foundation for a wide range of biological process, however understanding the intricate details of their activities is often challenging. In this review we describe how mass spectrometry (MS) plays a key role in the analysis of protein assemblies and the cellular pathways which they are involved in. Specifically, we discuss how the versatility of mass spectrometric approaches provides unprecedented information on multiple levels. We demonstrate this on the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, a process that is responsible for protein turnover. We follow the various steps of this degradation route and illustrate the different MS workflows that were applied for elucidating molecular information. Overall, this review aims to stimulate the integrated use of multiple mass spectrometry approaches for analyzing complex biological systems.
Contentious Collective Action and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes

Prior research indicates that different types of authoritarian regimes break down in different ways because key cadres in those regimes have different interests and face different strategic environments. Building on that theoretical foundation, I use event history models to examine the effects of contentious collective action on the likelihood of authoritarian breakdown. This analysis shows that some kinds of autocracy are more vulnerable to breakdown in the wake of contentious events than others, and that the strength and direction of this effect varies not only across types of authoritarianism, but across forms of collective action as well.
Reliable BOF endpoint prediction by novel data-driven modeling

In a cooperative effort between SMS Siemag AG (SMS), AG der Dillinger Hüttenwerke (DH), and the Chair for Artificial Intelligence of the TU Dortmund University (TUD), modern data mining and machine learning algorithms have been closely integrated with steel processing by a newly developed modular, distributed and scalable data-stream processing system. It can be easily extended to read and analyze data from all kinds of sensors and data sources. Its analysis can readily be applied to metallurgical and manufacturing processes. The new approach makes use of a variety of static and dynamic process and measurement variables and uses the precision of data mining and its adaptability to the 190 t converters of DH in order to predict target variables, such as the temperature or the phosphorus content of the melt at the end of blowing. Rough physical conditions can lead to sensor failures and deterioration. Use is made of statistical methods and multiple models based on different process in order to cope with these technical issues.
High-frequency quasi-normal modes for black holes with generic singularities

We compute the high-frequency quasi-normal modes (QNM) for scalar perturbations of spherically symmetric single-horizon black holes in (D + 2)-spacetime dimensions with generic curvature singularities and having metrics of the form ds2 = ηxp(dy2 − dx2) + xq dΩ2D near the singularity x = 0. The real part of the QN frequencies is shown to be proportional to log[1 + 2cos(π[qD − 2]/2)] where the constant of proportionality is equal to the Hawking temperature for non-degenerate black holes and inverse of the horizon radius for degenerate black holes. Apart from agreeing with the QN frequencies that have been computed earlier, our results imply that the horizon area spectrum for the general spherically symmetric black holes is equispaced. Applying our results, we also find the QNM frequencies for an extremal Reissner–Nordström and various stringy black holes.
PANEL PROBIT WITH FLEXIBLE CORRELATED EFFECTS: QUANTIFYING TECHNOLOGY SPILLOVERS IN THE PRESENCE OF LATENT HETEROGENEITY

SUMMARY In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian panel probit model with two flexible latent effects: first, unobserved individual heterogeneity that is allowed to vary in the population according to a nonparametric distribution; and second, a latent serially correlated common error component. In doing so, we extend the approach developed in Albert and Chib (Journal of the American Statistical Association 1993; 88: 669–679; in Bayesian Biostatistics, Berry DA, Stangl DK (eds), Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996), and in Chib and Carlin (Statistics and Computing 1999; 9: 17–26) by releasing restrictive parametric assumptions on the latent individual effect and eliminating potential spurious state dependence with latent time effects. The model is found to outperform more traditional approaches in an extensive series of Monte Carlo simulations. We then apply the model to the estimation of a patent equation using firm-level data on research and development (R&D). We find a strong effect of technology spillovers on R&D but little evidence of product market spillovers, consistent with economic theory. The distribution of latent firm effects is found to have a multimodal structure featuring within-industry firm clustering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tunable functionalization of graphene nanosheets for graphene-organic hybrid photodetectors

Graphene-organic hybrid thin films are promising candidates for use as advanced transparent electrodes and high-performance photodetectors. In this work, we fabricated hybrid thin film structures consisting of graphene and either tetraphenyl-porphyrin (H2TPP) or metalloporphyrins such as aluminum (III) tetraphenyl-porphyrin (Al(III)TPP) and zinc tetraphenyl-porphyrin (ZnTPP). The optical and electrical characteristics of ultrathin photodetectors based on the graphene-organic hybrid layers were subsequently evaluated. A hybrid deposition system capable of both thermal evaporation and vapor phase metalation was employed to synthesize the tunable metalloporphyrin-based thin films. As a proof of concept, we successfully fabricated various graphene-based photodetectors via the simple and efficient vapor-phase metalation of porphyrin. This work may facilitate the development of new architectures for flexible graphene-organic devices.