Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMAL MODEL OF THROUGH FLOW UNIVERSAL MOTOR BY MEANS OF LUMPED PARAMETER NETWORK

Original scientific paper Being able to predict temperature rise inside a machine is as important as predicting its performance and life. Because temperature measurements and computational thermal simulations can be time consuming, thermal paths inside the through-flow universal motor were described by means of simple lumped parameter thermal network. Once the model was built, its unknown convection coefficients were tuned with the genetic algorithm tool in MatLab. The model has been applied and successfully verified with measurements on two different types of a vacuum cleaner motor. Taking account of impeller losses as one of the model inputs makes temperature estimates more accurate regardless of machine’s operational regime.
Direct Probing of Copper Active Site and Free Radical Formed during Bicarbonate-dependent Peroxidase Activity of Bovine and Human Copper,Zinc-superoxide Dismutases

Using X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy at liquid helium temperatures, the Cu(II) coordination geometry at the active site of bovine and human copper,zinc-superoxide dismutases (bSOD1 and hSOD1) treated with H2O2 and bicarbonate (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document}) was examined. The time course EPR of wild type human SOD1 (WT hSOD1), W32F hSOD1 mutant (tryptophan 32 substituted with phenylalanine), and bSOD1 treated with H2O2 and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} shows an initial reduction of active site Cu(II) to Cu(I) followed by its oxidation back to Cu(II) in the presence of H2O2. However, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} induced a Trp-32-derived radical from WT hSOD1 but not from bSOD1. The mutation of Trp-32 by phenylalanine totally eliminated the Trp-32 radical signal generated from W32F hSOD1 treated with \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} and H2O2. Further characterization of the free radical was performed by UV irradiation of WT hSOD1 and bSOD1 that generated tryptophanyl and tyrosyl radicals. Both proton (1H) and nitrogen (14N) ENDOR studies of bSOD1 and hSOD1 in the presence of H2O2 revealed a change in the geometry of His-46 (or His-44) and His-48 (or His-46) coordinated to Cu(II) at the active site of WT hSOD1 and bSOD1, respectively. However, in the presence of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} and H2O2, both 1H and 14N ENDOR spectra were almost identical to those derived from native bSOD1. We conclude that \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document}-derived oxidant does not alter significantly the Cu(II) active site geometry and histidine coordination to Cu(II) in SOD1 as does H2O2 alone; however, the oxidant derived from \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} (i.e. carbonate anion radical) reacts with surface-associated Trp-32 in hSOD1 to form the corresponding radical.
A Novel Image Classification Framework for Improving Image Retrieval Based on Relevance Feedback

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is a promising technology to assist image finding. CBIR retrieves images by visual features inherent in images. Relevance feedback allows the user to reflect his preference to the system, then the system can reformulate the query according to the positive and/or negative examples responded by the user. This paper presents two efficient frameworks for image classification through the analyzes of the visual features (such as color, shape, texture) of an example image. The first framework is based on comparing the norm and the direction of vectors in multi-dimensional space for both the target and query image vectors, which allows classification according to their probabilities of existence. The second framework depends on acquiring classification knowledge from a large empirical image database in a specific domain and utilizes that knowledge for image classification. The initial classification process is used as a training phase to feed the system with a classification tree for images in the retrieval domain. This tree is the best reduction of dimensionality that would result from all possible combinations of feature divisions.
Carotenoid Modulation of Immune Function and Sexual Attractiveness in Zebra Finches

One hypothesis for why females in many animal species frequently prefer to mate with the most elaborately ornamented males predicts that availability of carotenoid pigments is a potentially limiting factor for both ornament expression and immune function. An implicit assumption of this hypothesis is that males that can afford to produce more elaborate carotenoid-dependent displays must be healthier individuals with superior immunocompetence. However, whether variation in circulating carotenoid levels causes variation in both immune function and sexual attractiveness has not been determined in any species. In this study, we show that manipulation of dietary carotenoid supply invokes parallel changes in cell-mediated immune function and sexual attractiveness in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).
Determinants of Employee Engagement in Hotel Industry in Malaysia. A Theoretical Mode

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence the employee engagement in hotel industry in Malaysia. Four independent variables have been identified as the factors that are going to be tested in this research which are training and development, internal communication, rewards, and leadership. Effective and good employee engagement programs contribute to increase commitments, motivation, morale and innovation. Therefore, the ultimate improvements on performance and profitability of an organization and it can help all the organization to build their employee engagement among employees. This study was targeted to employees who currently work at hotel industry in Malaysia as this industry has been recognized as a potential prospect in the growth of the service industry in Malaysia. Theory of Social Exchange Theory (SET) has been chosen as underlined theory in this research.
A Cytosolic Pathway for the Conversion of Hydroxypyruvate to Glycerate during Photorespiration in Arabidopsis[W]

Deletion of any of the core enzymes of the photorespiratory cycle, one of the major pathways of plant primary metabolism, results in severe air-sensitivity of the respective mutants. The peroxisomal enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR1) represents the only exception to this rule. This indicates the presence of extraperoxisomal reactions of photorespiratory hydroxypyruvate metabolism. We have identified a second hydroxypyruvate reductase, HPR2, and present genetic and biochemical evidence that the enzyme provides a cytosolic bypass to the photorespiratory core cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana. Deletion of HPR2 results in elevated levels of hydroxypyruvate and other metabolites in leaves. Photosynthetic gas exchange is slightly altered, especially under long-day conditions. Otherwise, the mutant closely resembles wild-type plants. The combined deletion of both HPR1 and HPR2, however, results in distinct air-sensitivity and a dramatic reduction in photosynthetic performance. These results suggest that photorespiratory metabolism is not confined to chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria but also extends to the cytosol. The extent to which cytosolic reactions contribute to the operation of the photorespiratory cycle in varying natural environments is not yet known, but it might be dynamically regulated by the availability of NADH in the context of peroxisomal redox homeostasis.
Single Sustained Inflation followed by Ventilation Leads to Rapid Cardiorespiratory Recovery but Causes Cerebral Vascular Leakage in Asphyxiated Near-Term Lambs

Background A sustained inflation (SI) rapidly restores cardiac function in asphyxic, bradycardic newborns but its effects on cerebral haemodynamics and brain injury are unknown. We determined the effect of different SI strategies on carotid blood flow (CaBF) and cerebral vascular integrity in asphyxiated near-term lambs. Methods Lambs were instrumented and delivered at 139 ± 2 d gestation and asphyxia was induced by delaying ventilation onset. Lambs were randomised to receive 5 consecutive 3 s SI (multiple SI; n = 6), a single 30 s SI (single SI; n = 6) or conventional ventilation (no SI; n = 6). Ventilation continued for 30 min in all lambs while CaBF and respiratory function parameters were recorded. Brains were assessed for gross histopathology and vascular leakage. Results CaBF increased more rapidly and to a greater extent during a single SI (p = 0.01), which then decreased below both other groups by 10 min, due to a higher cerebral oxygen delivery (p = 0.01). Blood brain barrier disruption was increased in single SI lambs as indicated by increased numbers of blood vessel profiles with plasma protein extravasation (p = 0.001) in the cerebral cortex. There were no differences in CaBF or cerebral oxygen delivery between the multiple SI and no SI lambs. Conclusions Ventilation with an initial single 30 s SI improves circulatory recovery, but is associated with greater disruption of blood brain barrier function, which may exacerbate brain injury suffered by asphyxiated newborns. This injury may occur as a direct result of the initial SI or to the higher tidal volumes delivered during subsequent ventilation.
Physiological Exploration of the Long Term Evolutionary Selection against Expression of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in the Brain*♦

All vertebrate cell surfaces display a dense glycan layer often terminated with sialic acids, which have multiple functions due to their location and diverse modifications. The major sialic acids in most mammalian tissues are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the latter being derived from Neu5Ac via addition of one oxygen atom at the sugar nucleotide level by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Contrasting with other organs that express various ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc depending on the variable expression of Cmah, Neu5Gc expression in the brain is extremely low in all vertebrates studied to date, suggesting that neural expression is detrimental to animals. However, physiological exploration of the reasons for this long term evolutionary selection has been lacking. To explore the consequences of forced expression of Neu5Gc in the brain, we have established brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice. Such Neu5Gc overexpression in the brain resulted in abnormal locomotor activity, impaired object recognition memory, and abnormal axon myelination. Brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice were also lethally sensitive to a Neu5Gc-preferring bacterial toxin, even though Neu5Gc was overexpressed only in the brain and other organs maintained endogenous Neu5Gc expression, as in wild-type mice. Therefore, the unusually strict evolutionary suppression of Neu5Gc expression in the vertebrate brain may be explained by evasion of negative effects on neural functions and by selection against pathogens.
Thalidomide Suppresses NF-κB Activation Induced by TNF and H2O2, But Not That Activated by Ceramide, Lipopolysaccharides, or Phorbol Ester1

Thalidomide ([+]-α-phthalimidoglutarimide), a psychoactive drug that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties through a mechanism that is not fully established. Due to the central role of NF-κB in these responses, we postulated that thalidomide mediates its effects through suppression of NF-κB activation. We investigated the effects of thalidomide on NF-κB activation induced by various inflammatory agents in Jurkat cells. The treatment of these cells with thalidomide suppressed TNF-induced NF-κB activation, with optimum effect occurring at 50 μg/ml thalidomide. These effects were not restricted to T cells, as other hematopoietic and epithelial cell types were also inhibited. Thalidomide suppressed H2O2-induced NF-κB activation but had no effect on NF-κB activation induced by PMA, LPS, okadaic acid, or ceramide, suggesting selectivity in suppression of NF-κB. The suppression of TNF-induced NF-κB activation by thalidomide correlated with partial inhibition of TNF-induced degradation of an inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (IκBα), abrogation of IκBα kinase activation, and inhibition of NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. Thalidomide abolished the NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by overexpression of TNFR1, TNFR-associated factor-2, and NF-κB-inducing kinase, but not that activated by the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that thalidomide suppresses NF-κB activation specifically induced by TNF and H2O2 and that this may contribute to its role in suppression of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and the immune system.
Effect of neutrophil serine proteinases and defensins on lung epithelial cells: modulation of cytotoxicity and IL‐8 production

Neutrophil accumulation in the lung may contribute to tissue injury as observed in inflammatory diseases. Both oxidative and non‐oxidative mechanisms are involved in neutrophil‐mediated tissue injury. Non‐oxidative mechanisms include the release of neutrophil granule proteins such as the serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin G, and the non‐enzymatic defensins. Because stimulated neutrophils are thought to release their products simultaneously, we investigated possible interactions between purified defensins and serine proteinases with respect to induction of cellular injury and their ability to induce interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) synthesis in cells of the lung epithelial cell line A549. Whereas defensins induced cell lysis, elastase and cathepsin G induced detachment of A549 cells. Co‐incubation of elastase and cathepsin G revealed an additive effect on detachment, whereas defensins inhibited serine proteinase‐induced detachment. Vice versa, both serine proteinases reduced defensin‐induced cell lysis. Furthermore, elastase and cathepsin G prevented defensin‐induced IL‐8 synthesis. In contrast, no inhibitory interaction between cathepsin G and defensins was observed with respect to their antibacterial activity. The results from this study indicate that, at sites of inflammation, neutrophil‐mediated injury might be regulated by interactions between released defensins and serine proteinases. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 217–226; 1997.
Short Text Classification based on feature extension using The N-Gram model

With the rapid development of Web2.0, more and more people like to show their life or opinions on social media websites or forums, such as Weibo, Twitter and Tianya, which produce masses of short texts. In order to manage these short texts effectively, Short Text Classification becomes an important branch of Text Classification. However, because of the short text length, the lack of signals, and the sparseness of features, it is very difficult to achieve high quality classification by using conventional methods. This paper proposes a novelty feature extending method based on the N-Gram model to solve the problem of feature sparseness. From continuous word sequences in the train set, we extract n-grams as our feature extension mode library. Then using features showing in the short texts, we can compute the appearance probability of other words that do not exist in original texts. We use the data set collected from Sina Weibo to carry out our extension method. After extending features of the original short texts, we use the Naïve Bayes algorithm to train and evaluate a classifier. We use precision, recall and F1-Score to evaluate our work. The result shows that the extension method based on the N-Gram model can improve classification performance observably.
Protective effects of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang) against atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits.

We investigated the protective effects of the traditional Japanese herbal medicine Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang in Chinese) (SRBT) against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions. We focused on atherosclerosis using female heterozygous Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. The total plasma cholesterol levels increased for up to 12 weeks after beginning a diet containing 0.1% cholesterol and then reached a plateau of about 600 mg dl(-1). When SRBT was administered at a dose of 1.0 g kg(-1)per day for 24 weeks, total plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after 20-24 weeks. On the other hand, pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1)per day produced a significant decrease in total plasma cholesterol levels from 4 to 24 weeks (about 105-130 mg dl(-1)). Moreover, 1.0 g kg(-1)per day of SRBT significantly decreased plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels but did not change either very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Animals that received pravastatin had significantly decreased LDL cholesterol levels and VLDL cholesterol levels after 8 weeks and at 24 weeks. We also examined the expression of apoB, E and LDL receptor mRNA levels in the liver at 24 weeks after beginning the administration of 1.0 g kg(-1)per day of SRBT. Both apoE and LDL receptor mRNA levels were significantly increased compared with those in rabbits receiving the 0.1% cholesterol diet. SRBT at a dose of 1.0 g kg(-1)per day significantly depressed the intimal surface area of the thoracic aortae involved with atheromatous plaques. The present results suggest that SRBT may protect against hypercholesterolemia and atheromatous lesions by affecting apoE and LDL receptor mRNA gene expression in the liver.
The Value of Single Urinary Specimens for Oestrogen Estimation During Pregnancy

1 A consecutive series of 46 patients (110 tests) was studied to determine the relationship between the oestriol/creatinine ratios of 24‐hour and single urine specimens. 2 A satisfactory correlation was found between the 2 ratios (correlation coefficient 0.86, P < 0.001). 3 The single specimen urinary oestriol/creatinine ratio may have a place in the prediction of placental function, particularly at the onset of labour.
Optimization of image mapping & camera coverage efficiency for continuous location and tracking

The Vision Based location and tracking is a vastly escalating technology mainly used to monitor various environments. This technology can be briefly divided to 3 parts which is the localization of image sensors (cameras), maximizing the total area of vision and the locating and tracking of other objects. Initially only one GPS camera is used for reference and timing purposes. By using the image mapping technique distance between 1st and 2nd camera can be obtained. Thus by knowing the rotation angle of the 2nd camera to locate the first camera, the 2nd camera can be localized . This same method is used for the other cameras to localize itself. Finally when all cameras are localized tracking of objects can proceed. Simulation done using Matlab has proved the significance of image mapping method (error=1.3%), iteration algorithm (error=5.98%) and velocity tracking (error=0.52%) when results of simulation was compared to actual measurement.
18F-Based Pretargeted PET Imaging Based on Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Click Chemistry

A first-of-its-kind 18F pretargeted PET imaging approach based on the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) is presented. As proof-of-principle, a TCO-bearing immunoconjugate of the anti-CA19.9 antibody 5B1 and an Al[18F]NOTA-labeled tetrazine radioligand were harnessed for the visualization of CA19.9-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts. Biodistribution and 18F-PET imaging data clearly demonstrate that this methodology effectively delineates tumor mass with activity concentrations up to 6.4 %ID/g at 4 h after injection of the radioligand.
Tidal volume reduction in patients with acute lung injury when plateau pressures are not high.

Use of a volume- and pressure-limited mechanical ventilation strategy improves clinical outcomes of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the extent to which tidal volumes and inspiratory airway pressures should be reduced to optimize clinical outcomes is a controversial topic. This article addresses the question, "Is there a safe upper limit to inspiratory plateau pressure in patients with ALI/ARDS? " We reviewed data from animal models with and without preexisting lung injury, studies of normal human respiratory system mechanics, and the results of five clinical trials of lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategies. We also present an original analysis of data from the largest of the five clinical trials. The available data from each of these assessments do not support the commonly held view that inspiratory plateau pressures of 30 to 35 cm H2O are safe. We could not identify a safe upper limit for plateau pressures in patients with ALI/ARDS.
Crop‐to‐wild gene flow and spatial genetic structure in the closest wild relatives of the cultivated apple

Crop‐to‐wild gene flow have important evolutionary and ecological consequences and require careful consideration in conservation programs for wild genetic resources of potential use in breeding programs and in assessments of the risk of transgene escape into natural ecosystems. Using 26 microsatellites and a set of 1181 trees, we investigated the extent of introgression from the cultivated apple, Malus domestica, to its three closest wild relatives, M. sylvestris in Europe, M. orientalis in the Caucasus, and M. sieversii in Central Asia. We found footprints of introgression from M. domestica to M. orientalis (3.2% of hybrids), M. sieversii (14.8%), and M. sylvestris (36.7%). Malus sieversii and M. orientalis presented weak, but significant genetic structures across their geographic range. Malus orientalis displayed genetic differentiation with three differentiated populations in Turkey, Armenia, and Russia. Malus sieversii consisted of a main population spread over Central Asia and a smaller population in the Tian Shan Mountains. The low Sp values suggest high dispersal capacities for the wild apple relatives. High potential for crop‐to‐wild gene flow in apples needs to be considered in the implementation of in situ and ex situ actions for the conservation of wild apple genetic resources potentially useful to plant breeding.