Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KEEPING YOUR EYES ON THE PRIZE VERSUS YOUR NOSE TO THE GRINDSTONE: THE EFFECTS OF LEVEL OF GOAL EVALUATION ON MOOD AND MOTIVATION

ness and long term nature of this level of goal (Carver & Scheier, 1998; Emmons, 1992). The desired state of the sub-goal is more clear and concrete, while the desired state of the abstract goal is more vague and broad. Thus, as the criterion or desired state is 5 vague for one type of goal and clear for the other type of goal, the results and effects of evaluating at either level would likely differ. People who tend to think of their goals more abstractly have been shown to have higher levels of psychological distress (Emmons, 1992), possibly due to greater discouragement compared to concrete goals when experiencing failure (also Carver, LaVoie, Kuhl & Ganellen, 1988). For Emmons (1992), concrete versus abstract goal focus was thought of as an individual difference; he classified participant’s personal strivings as either concrete or abstract, creating two categories of people, low-level strivers and high-level strivers. This individual difference in striving level resulted in differing levels of psychological distress. Dynamics between sub-goal and primary goal. Level of focus may be a stable personality disposition (Emmons, 1992; Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), or may fluctuate due to situational influences (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987). Action identification theory has shown that people are more likely to think of their actions at the highest level possible for themselves (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987, 1989). A person might shift to a lower level of identification due to demands from the situation that require more focused attention (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987). A well-learned action is more likely to be viewed at a higher level of abstraction, when greater attention to detail is not required (similar to a habit, see Wood, Quinn & Kashy, 2002; or automaticity, see Bargh, 1997). Likewise, we can assume that people would be more likely to frame goal evaluation at the higher primary goal level when things are going well.
Selection of Training Instances for Music Genre Classification

In this paper we present a method for the selection of training instances based on the classification accuracy of a SVM classifier. The instances consist of feature vectors representing short-term, low-level characteristics of music audio signals. The objective is to build, from only a portion of the training data, a music genre classifier with at least similar performance as when the whole data is used. The particularity of our approach lies in a pre-classification of instances prior to the main classifier training: i.e. we select from the training data those instances that show better discrimination with respect to class memberships. On a very challenging dataset of 900 music pieces divided among 10 music genres, the instance selection method slightly improves the music genre classification in 2.4 percentage points. On the other hand, the resulting classification model is significantly reduced, permitting much faster classification over test data.
Anomalous diffusion on kinetic gelation clusters in three dimensions

Kinetic gelation, the growth model for radical copolymerisation, is investigated for the dynamic properties of its clusters at the gel point. The authors find that within numerical error bars the fractal dimension dw of a random walk of a cluster cannot be distinguished from that found for percolation clusters at pc in three dimensions.
The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study: A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety and Mood Disorders

BACKGROUNDG AND AIMS: ven the impact of anxiety and mood disorders on health, it is important to consider these disorders in persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We assessed the prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders in a population-based IBD cohort.METHODS:A structured diagnostic interview was administered to participants in the cohort (N = 351), and rates were compared to age-, gender-, and region-matched controls drawn from a national survey (N = 779). RESULTS: A comparison of lifetime prevalence suggests higher rates of panic, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders and major depression and lower rates of social anxiety and bipolar disorders in the IBD sample than in national samples in the United States and New Zealand. Direct comparisons with matched controls (with data available for three anxiety disorders) found lifetime prevalence (IBD vs controls) as follows: social anxiety disorder lower in IBD (6% vs 11%, OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.85), panic disorder not significantly different (8.0% vs 4.7%, OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.96–2.63), agoraphobia without panic not significantly different (1.1% vs 0.6%, OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.37–5.55), and major depression higher (27.2% vs 12.3%, OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.64–2.95). Comparing IBD respondents with and without lifetime anxiety or mood disorder, those with a disorder reported lower quality of life and earlier onset of IBD symptoms and there was a trend toward earlier IBD diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians should be aware of the increased prevalence of depression and possibly other anxiety disorders in persons with IBD as these disorders may influence response to treatment and quality of life.
Aperture Viewing*: A Review and a Synthesis

We argue that two processes are involved in the visual perception of shapes moving behind narrow apertures. “Retinal painting” occurs when the eyes are free to pursue the moving shape and when the traverse time across the aperture is sufficiently short to allow visual persistence of the temporally successive views. When pursuit eye movements do not occur, however, the shape may still be perceived if it moves relatively slowly. The latter kind of perception does not involve seeing all the parts of the shape simultaneously (as in the case with retinal painting) but we demonstrate that shapes seen in this way have some of the same properties as conventionally presented shapes. The discussion emphasises the relevance of these findings to general problems in movement perception.
Carbon nanotube in situ TEM large strain and chiral angle analysis enabled by modular coupon and MEMS test platform system

A modular MEMS-based test platform enables straining of pristine carbon nanotubes inside a transmission electron microscope. The interchangeable coupon is compatible with the high-temperature environment of nanostructure synthesis whereas the metal leads of the micro actuator are not exposed to the harsh synthesis conditions. The actuator of the universal test platform translates its large displacement onto the shuttle of the coupon where the as-grown carbon nanotubes are strained and simultaneously observed by the electron beam passing through the backside hole. Electron diffraction enables assignment of nanotube chirality.
A parallel edge preserving algorithm for salt and pepper image denoising

In this paper a two-phase filter for removing “salt and pepper” noise is proposed. In the first phase, an adaptive median filter is used to identify the set of the noisy pixels; in the second phase, these pixels are restored according to a regularization method, which contains a data-fidelity term reflecting the impulse noise characteristics. The algorithm, which exhibits good performance both in denoising and in restoration, can be easily and effectively parallelized to exploit the full power of multi-core CPUs and GPGPUs; the proposed implementation based on the FastFlow library achieves both close-to-ideal speedup and very good wall-clock execution figures.
Faster parking and less cruise for public parking spot discovery: Modeling and analysis based on Timed Petri Nets

Efficient parking spot search has been a hot research top over the past decades. Most published work is based on the assumption that inter-vehicular communication through VANETs is available for vehicles. Major concerns over VANETs are potential overwhelming messaging and compromise of drivers' privacy. In this paper, we present a new approach that requires only minimal communication between vehicles and parking service providers. Our goal is to help vehicles to get parked with the least amount of time. Therefore, we propose a new parking model based on Timed Petri Nets (TPNs) which considers the parking time, the amount of time spent in a parking lot waiting for an unoccupied spot, and the driving time, the amount of time spent on the road to the chosen parking lot. The proposed approach is low-cost, while modeling with TPNs brings several noticeable benefits: it supports simulation directly; it is a mathematical model so that one can perform timeliness analysis based on the model; it is scalable and refineable. Base on the proposed model, we demonstrate the real-time traffic and the real-time average parking time of a parking lot affect drivers' choice. Finally, we give out some simulations which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum: coordination of gene transcriptional and translational controls.

All eukaryotic cells have an extensive membranous labyrinth network of branching tubules and flattened sacs called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Approximately one-third of all cellular proteins are translocated into the lumen of the ER where post-translational modification, folding, and oligomerization occurs. The ER provides a unique oxidizing compartment for the folding of membrane and secretory proteins that are destined to the cell surface, as well as for proteins destined to other intracellular organelles, such as lysosomes and the Golgi compartment. Numerous cellular proteins reside within the ER through a mechanism that requires their continuous vesicle-mediated retrieval from post-ER compartments within the early secretory pathway. These ERresident proteins are chaperones and catalysts of protein folding that form a matrix on which newly synthesized proteins attain their final conformation. The ER is also the site of synthesis of cellular lipids and sterols. In addition, the ER is the major signal-transducing organelle within the cell that continuously responds to environmental cues to release calcium. The ER is exquisitely sensitive to alterations in homeostasis, where, upon a variety of different stimuli, signals are transduced from the ER to the cytoplasm and the nucleus to eventually result in adaptation for survival or induction of apoptosis. The immediate response occurs at the translational apparatus, whereas changes in gene expression promote long-term adaptation or apoptotic cell death. Recent evidence supports findings that these signaling pathways influence pathogenesis associated with viral infection and genetic disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is presently known about the diversity of molecular signaling mechanisms that coordinate the complex ER stress response at the translational and transcriptional level in yeast and in higher eukaryotic cells.
Specificity of intrinsic connections in primate primary visual cortex

Several recent studies have suggested a patchy system of intrinsic lateral connections in area 17 of the macaque monkey. To see whether this pattern bore any relationship to the cytochrome oxidase blobs we made multiple tiny injections of horseradish peroxidase into layers 2 and 3 of area 17, small enough so that some of the injections (or their cores) were entirely inside a single blob, or entirely outside. When the injection centers were entirely in blobs, the label in layers 2 and 3 was transported preferentially to nearby blobs, avoiding nonblob areas. When the injections were in nonblob areas, the label was found predominantly in surrounding nonblob areas, avoiding the blobs. Besides this lateral transport, label was also present in the layers below 2 and 3: the label in layers 4 and 6 was very restricted, occupying roughly the diameter of the injection core and presumably representing axons of cell bodies at the injection site; in layer 5 diffusely labeled patches observed the same blob/nonblob segregation seen above layer 4.
A phase variant of Bordetella pertussis with a mutation in a new locus involved in the regulation of pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin expression

A novel nonhemolytic phase variant of Bordetella pertussis was characterized. This strain is strongly impaired in the transcription of the pertussis and adenylate cyclase toxins, whereas other known virulence-related factors such as the filamentous hemagglutinin, the fimbriae, and the outer membrane protein pertactin are expressed and regulated normally. Complementation and allelic exchange experiments demonstrated that the mutation is localized neither in the bvg locus involved in virulence regulation nor in the genes responsible for synthesis and transport of the toxins pertussis and adenylate cyclase. Instead, the mutation impairing transcription of at least the two toxin genes is located in a new genetic locus, which acts together with the BvgA/S two-component regulatory system on the expression of a subset of virulence genes. Further analysis suggested that most presumably the mutation affects a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein which contributes to transcriptional activation. The mutant was nonlethal in a murine respiratory model, which corresponds well with the lack of expression of the toxins. However, the clearing rate of this mutant from the lungs of mice was much lower than that of a bvg mutant, suggesting that factors other than the toxins may play a role in the persistence of the bacteria in the respiratory tract of mice.
One-shot visual appearance learning for mobile manipulation

We describe a vision-based algorithm that enables a robot to robustly detect specific objects in a scene following an initial segmentation hint from a human user. The novelty lies in the ability to ‘reacquire’ objects over extended spatial and temporal excursions within challenging environments based upon a single training example. The primary difficulty lies in achieving an effective reacquisition capability that is robust to the effects of local clutter, lighting variation, and object relocation. We overcome these challenges through an adaptive detection algorithm that automatically generates multiple-view appearance models for each object online. As the robot navigates within the environment and the object is detected from different viewpoints, the one-shot learner opportunistically and automatically incorporates additional observations into each model. In order to overcome the effects of ‘drift’ common to adaptive learners, the algorithm imposes simple requirements on the geometric consistency of candidate observations. Motivating our reacquisition strategy is our work developing a mobile manipulator that interprets and autonomously performs commands conveyed by a human user. The ability to detect specific objects and reconstitute the user’s segmentation hints enables the robot to be situationally aware. This situational awareness enables rich command and control mechanisms and affords natural interaction. We demonstrate one such capability that allows the human to give the robot a ‘guided tour’ of named objects within an outdoor environment and, hours later, to direct the robot to manipulate those objects by name using spoken instructions. We implemented our appearance-based detection strategy on our robotic manipulator as it operated over multiple days in different outdoor environments. We evaluate the algorithm’s performance under challenging conditions that include scene clutter, lighting and viewpoint variation, object ambiguity, and object relocation. The results demonstrate a reacquisition capability that is effective in real-world settings.
Functional Store Image and Corporate Social Responsibility Image: A Congruity Analysis on Store Loyalty

With previous studies that examined the importance of functional store image and CSR, this study is aimed at examining their effects in the self-congruity model in influencing store loyalty. In particular, this study developed and tested a structural model in the context of retailing industry on the self-congruity theory. Whilst much of the self-congruity studies have incorporated functional store image, there has been lack of studies that examined social responsibility image of retail stores in the self-congruity studies. Findings indicate that self-congruity influence on store loyalty was mediated by both functional store image and social responsibility image. In influencing store loyalty, the findings have shown that social responsibility image has a stronger influence on store loyalty than functional store image. This study offers important findings and implications for future research as it presents a new framework on the importance of social responsibility image. Keywords—Self-congruity, functional store image, social responsibility image, store loyalty
Action recognition in unconstrained amateur videos

In this paper, we propose a systematic framework for action recognition in unconstrained amateur videos. Inspired by the success of local features used in object and pose recognition, we extract local static features from the sampled frames to capture local pose shape and appearance. In addition, we extract spatiotemporal features (ST features), which have been successfully used in action recognition, to capture the local motions. In the action recognition phase, we use the Pyramid Match Kernel based on weighted similarities of multi-resolution histograms to match two videos within the same feature types. In order to handle complementary but heterogeneous features, i.e., static and motion features, we chose a multi-kernel classifier for feature fusion. To reduce the noise introduced by the background clutter, our system also tries to automatically find the rough region of interest/action. Preliminary tests on the KTH action dataset, UCF sports dataset, and a YouTube action dataset have shown promising results.
4-GHz Low-Phase-Noise Transformer-Based Top-Series GaInP/GaAs HBT QVCO

The fully integrated GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) transformer-based top-series quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is demonstrated at 4 GHz. The transformers on the semi-insulating GaAs substrate possess good electrical properties at high frequencies. The quadrature VCO at 4.1 GHz has phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency, output power of 2 dBm and the figure of merit (FOM) -178 dBc/Hz
Organic Mercury Levels among the Yanomama of the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Abstract The Catrimani River basin in northern Brazil is the home of the Yanomama and has been the site of renegade gold mining since 1980. Gold-mining operations release inorganic mercury (Hg) into the environment where it is organified and biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish poses a potential hazard to fish-eating populations such as the Yanomama. We surveyed Hg levels in Yanomama villagers living near mined and unmined rivers in 1994 and 1995, and analyzed Hg levels in piranha caught by villagers. In 1994, 90 Yanomama Indians from 5 villages and in 1995, 62 Yanomama Indians from 3 villages participated in the studies. Four villages surveyed in 1994 were located directly on the Catrimani River, approximately 140–160 km downstream from past gold-mining activities. The other village surveyed in 1994 was situated on the unmined Ajaraní River. In 1995, 2 of the Catrimani River villages were revisited, and a third Yanomama village, on the unmined Pacu River, was surveyed. Blood organic mercury levels among all villagers surveyed ranged from 0 to 62.6 µg L–1 (mean levels in each village between 21.2 µg L–1 and 43.1 µg L–1). Mercury levels in piranha from the mined Catrimani River ranged from 235 to 1084 parts per billion (ppb). Nine of 13 piranhas, measuring 30 cm or longer had total mercury levels which exceeded mercury consumption limits (500 ppb) set by both the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Unexpectedly, high mercury levels were also observed in fish and villagers along the unmined Ajaraní and Pacu Rivers suggesting that indirect sources may contribute to environmental mercury contamination in the Amazon basin.
Deep Learning for Dialogue Systems

In the past decade, goal-oriented spoken dialogue systems have been the most prominent component in today’s virtual personal assistants. The classic dialogue systems have rather complex and/or modular pipelines. The advance of deep learning technologies has recently risen the applications of neural models to dialogue modeling. However, how to successfully apply deep learning based approaches to a dialogue system is still challenging. Hence, this tutorial is designed to focus on an overview of the dialogue system development while describing most recent research for building dialogue systems and summarizing the challenges, in order to allow researchers to study the potential improvements of the state-of-the-art dialogue systems. The tutorial material is available at http://deepdialogue. miulab.tw.
Identification of a TLR-Independent Pathway for Borrelia burgdorferi-Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Mediators through Binding to Integrin α3β11

Borrelia burgdorferi stimulates a robust inflammatory response at sites of localization. Binding of borrelial lipoproteins to TLR-2 is one pathway important in the host response to B. burgdorferi. However, while TLR-2 is clearly important in control of infection, inflammation is actually worsened in the absence of TLR-2 or the shared TLR adapter molecule, MyD88, suggesting that there are alternative pathways regulating inflammation. Integrins are cell surface receptors that play an important role in cell to cell communications and that can activate inflammatory signaling pathways. In this study, we report for the first time that B. burgdorferi binds to integrin α3β1 and that binding of B. burgdorferi to this integrin results in induction of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and end-effector molecules such as matrix metalloproteinases in primary human chondrocyte cells. Expression of these same molecules is not affected by the absence of MyD88 in murine articular cartilage, suggesting that the two pathways act independently in activating host inflammatory responses to B. burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi-induced α3 signaling is mediated by JNK, but not p38 MAPK. In summary, we have identified a new host receptor for B. burgdorferi, integrin α3β1; binding of B. burgdorferi to integrin α3β1 results in the release of inflammatory mediators and is proposed as a TLR-independent pathway for activation of the innate immune response by the organism.