Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is often conceptualized by clinicians and researchers alike as a chronic illness with persisting, relapsing or deteriorating symptoms, and no hope for sustained remission and recovery of functioning. Countering this perspective, retrospective and prospective studies with both chronic and recent onset patients suggest that schizophrenia has a heterogeneous course, which can be favorably influenced by comprehensive and continuous treatment as well as personal factors such as family support and good neurocognitive functioning. The factors influencing recovery are mostly malleable through treatment and may often lead to a sustained remission of symptoms and normal or near-normal levels of functioning.To facilitate future research in this area, an operational definition of recovery from schizophrenia is proposed that includes symptom remission; full- or part-time involvement in work or school; independent living without supervision by family or surrogate caregivers; not fully dependent on financial support from disability insurance; and having friends with whom activities are shared on a regular basis. To satisfy the definition of recovery from the long-term illness of schizophrenia, each of the above criteria should be sustained for at least two consecutive years. For validation, these criteria were submitted to focus groups comprising clients, family members, practitioners, and researchers. Using this operational definition, a pilot study was conducted to identify the self-attributions, clinical characteristics and neurocognitive correlates of 23 individuals who have recovered from schizophrenia. The focus groups endorsed most of the criteria as being relevant to the construct of recovery, although there were differences between research investigators and others. The pilot study generated hypotheses for future testing, suggesting that quality of sustained treatment, near-normal neurocognition, and absence of the deficit syndrome were key factors associated with recovery. With operational definitions and variables identified as possible facilitators of recovery, both hypothesis-generating and testing research can proceed with the aim to identify factors that are malleable and can become targets for therapeutic intervention. There are many extant, evidence-based biobehavioral treatments, as well as mental health service systems for their delivery, that could form the basis for rapid progress in promoting recovery. However, obstacles would have to be overcome to the dissemination, re-invention and utilization of empirically validated treatments, while rigorous, controlled research on determinants of recovery are simultaneously begun.
Virtual screening of Indonesian herbal database as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1) is a member of retrovirus family that could infect human and causing AIDS disease. AIDS epidemic is one of most destructive diseases in modern era. There were more than 33 million people infected by HIV until 2010. Various studies have been widely employed to design drugs that target the essential enzymes of HIV-1 that is, reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase. In this study, in silico virtual screening approach is used to find lead molecules from the library or database of natural compounds as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Virtual screening against Indonesian Herbal Database using AutoDock4 performed on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. From the virtual screening, top ten compounds were mulberrin, plucheoside A, vitexilactone, brucine N-oxide, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, alpha-mangostin, guaijaverin, erycristagallin, morusin and sanggenol N.
Journal of Translational Medicine Differentiation of Two Types of Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells by Microrna and Cdna Expression Analysis

Background: Mobilized-peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been used for transplantation, immunotherapy, and cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Agents used for HSC mobilization include G-CSF and the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 (plerixafor). The HSCs cells mobilized by each agent may contain different subtypes and have different functions. To characterize mobilized HSCs used for clinical applications, microRNA (miRNA) profiling and gene expression profiling were used to compare AMD3100-mobilized CD133+ cells from 4 subjects, AMD3100 plus G-CSF-mobilized CD133+ cells from 4 subjects and G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells from 5 subjects. The HSCs were compared to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 7 subjects.
Supplement to “ VSNR : A Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Natural Images Based on Near-Threshold and Suprathreshold Vision ”

In this section, the performance of the VSNR metric is analyzed in terms of its ability to predict fidelity in a manner that agrees with subjective ratings, and in terms of its computational and memory requirements. To assess the predictive performance of the VSNR metric, a psychophysical scaling experiment was performed on various distorted images to obtain subjective ratings of visual fidelity (A57 database); the metric was then applied to these images, and then the predicted results were compared with the actual subjective results. For comparison, these same sets of images were analyzed in terms of PSNR, the Universal Quality Index (UQI) of Wang et al. [1], the Noise Quality Measure (NQM) of Damera-Venkata et al. [2], the Structural Similarity (SSIM) metric of Wang et al. [3], and the Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) metric of Sheikh et al. [4]. It is important to note that due to the limited number of images and limited number of human subjects, the A57 database is of limited statistical reliability. For all images, the VSNR metric was computed using α = 0.04 and assuming sRGB display characteristics [7], a display resolution of 96 pixels/inch, and a viewing distance of 19.1 inches (approximately 3.5 picture heights); these parameters provide a reasonable approximation of typical viewing conditions. For an sRGB display monitor, the pixel-value-to-luminance parameters are b = 0, k = 0.02874, and γ = 2.2; and, a display resolution of 96 pixels/inch and a viewing distance of 19.1 inches yields spatial frequencies f = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16] cycles/degree for a 5-level DWT. The SSIM metric was computed on filtered and downsampled versions of the images where the downsampling factor (typically four) was chosen based on the height of each image as described at [8]. The UQI and VIF metrics were applied using their default implementations provided at [9] and [10], respectively.
Browsing Heterogeneous Document Collections by a Segmentation-Free Word Spotting Method

In this paper, we present a segmentation-free word spotting method that is able to deal with heterogeneous document image collections. We propose a patch-based framework where patches are represented by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. A later refinement of the feature vectors is performed by applying the latent semantic indexing technique. The proposed method performs well on both handwritten and typewritten historical document images. We have also tested our method on documents written in non-Latin scripts.
Current status of glucose test prescription for hypertensive outpatients

ABSTRACT Objectives: The prescription of glucose test for essential hypertensive patients is estimated to be very low in cardiology clinics, but it has not been well studied. The aim of the present study aimed to investigate glucose test prescription for the hypertensive outpatients. Methods: Five thousand two hundred and forty hypertensive outpatients without previous known diabetes were recruited consecutively by cardiologists from >90 hospitals. Blood glucose prescription records were collected by special investigators. Results: Of the 5240 hypertensive outpatients recruited, only 258 (4.92%) were prescribed glucose tests, and 12.17% and 42.61% of them were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, respectively. Patients’ hypertension stage, cardiovascular disease history, diabetes family history, dyslipidemia, and hospital level were associated with higher odds of glucose tests prescription. Conclusion: Glucose tests were poorly prescribed for hypertensive outpatients in China. It was highly recommended to raise cardiologists’ awareness to prescribe glucose tests for hypertensive outpatients who were with high cardiovascular risk factors.
Continental Survival and Recovery Rates of Northern Pintails Using Band-Recovery Data

Abstract Unlike other North American prairie-nesting dabbling ducks, northern pintail (Anas acuta) populations have not increased since the early 1990s and remain well below the long-term average for traditional survey areas. Previously reported estimates of annual survival and recovery rates for pintails did not investigate any spatial or temporal factors to explain annual variation of these rates. We used band-recovery data from 1970 to 2003 to test the influence of temporal periods defined by differing harvest regulations and habitat conditions of breeding grounds with spatially delineated regions on survival and recovery rates of northern pintails in North America. We separated regions based on a multiresponse permutation procedure to identify banding blocks with dissimilar recovery distributions based on a cluster analysis. We categorized time by grouping years into temporal periods based on bag limits, season lengths, or overflight versus nonoverflight years. We used the Brownie approach in Program MARK to evaluate 46 a priori models estimating survival and recovery rates. The best approximating model indicated that survival varied with age, sex, and region with additive time and interactive time-by-age and time-by-region effects. Recovery rate was best represented by a fully interactive term comprised of age, sex, region, and year. There were no statistical differences among average annual survival point estimates between age and sex classes within each region, and our estimates were similar to previous unpublished studies. We found the eastern region had decreased survival and increased recovery rates compared to other regions. Trends in pintail survival suggest that variation in annual survival was not the cause of the initial decrease in the northern pintail population and is unlikely the dominant factor preventing the population from increasing. The influence of other population parameters, such as recruitment rate, should be investigated to further evaluate other causes for the population status of northern pintails. Use of the top-ranked model to estimate annual survival and recovery rates for northern pintails in North America, which indicated that annually varying estimates of survival rates were better supported by the data than grouping years into temporal classes (i.e., based on bag limits, season lengths, and overflight yr) can be used by managers and policy makers when considering annual harvest regulations and effects of conservation efforts. Managers should incorporate these estimates into future demographic studies of pintails as well as consider using the top-ranked model for future analyses of band-recovery data.
Maintenance media for the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum juveniles (Amphibia: Caudata)

Physiological condition and organisms’ health which are grown in culture systems depends on several factors including water quality, feeding and density among others. In Mexico, the colonies of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum (Shaw), an indigenous amphibian under extinction risk, are maintained under different culture conditions according to the objectives of the colony and the available resources. Particularly, water electrolytic characteristic and ionic and osmotic conditions are the factors with greater variation in the axolotl culture systems. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the best maintenance conditions to store the germoplasm of the axolotl and to ensure healthy organisms with researching purposes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the development and growth of Ambystoma mexicanum larvae reared under different maintenance media, usually used in Mexico for the culture of the species: 1) dechlorinated tap water; 2) dechlorinated tap water enriched with sodium chloride and commercial colloidal solution and 3) Holtfreter’s solution reconstructed with dechlorinated tap water. In each experimental condition, 15 larvae on stage 44 (immediately after hatching) were maintained during 21 days and development and growth were weekly recorded. Ionic and osmotic conditions of the external media were routinely registered. The obtained results suggested a better physiological condition of the axolotls maintained on Holtfreter’s solution, where the highest growth rate (13 g WW d-1) and the greatest condition factor (0.79) were registered. The use of this solution is recommended due it guarantees the suitable development of early stages of A. mexicanum on culture systems.
Data-driven Automated Induction of Prerequisite Structure Graphs

With the growing popularity of MOOCs and sharp trend of digitalizing education, there is a huge amount of free digital educational material on the web along with the activity logs of large number of participating students. However, this data is largely unstructured and there is hardly any information about the relationship between material from diﬀerent sources. We propose a generic algorithm to use educational material and student activity data from heterogeneous sources to create a Prerequisite Structure Graph (PSG). A PSG is a directed acyclic graph, where the nodes are educational units and the edges specify the pairwise ordering of the units in eﬀective teaching by instructors or for eﬀective learning by students. We propose an unsupervised approach utilizing both text content and student data, which outperforms to supervised methods (utilizing only text content) on the task of estimating a PSG.
Personalized or Precision Medicine? The Example of Cystic Fibrosis

The advent of the knowledge on human genetics, by the identification of disease-associated variants, culminated in the understanding of human variability. With the genetic knowledge, the specificity of the clinical phenotype and the drug response of each individual were understood. Using the cystic fibrosis (CF) as an example, the new terms that emerged such as personalized medicine and precision medicine can be characterized. The genetic knowledge in CF is broad and the presence of a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene enables the phenotype–genotype association studies (including the response to drugs), considering the wide clinical and laboratory spectrum dependent on the mutual action of genotype, environment, and lifestyle. Regarding the CF disease, personalized medicine is the treatment directed at the symptoms, and this treatment is adjusted depending on the patient’s phenotype. However, more recently, the term precision medicine began to be widely used, although its correct application and understanding are still vague and poorly characterized. In precision medicine, we understand the individual as a response to the interrelation between environment, lifestyle, and genetic factors, which enabled the advent of new therapeutic models, such as conventional drugs adjustment by individual patient dosage and drug type and response, development of new drugs (read through, broker, enhancer, stabilizer, and amplifier compounds), genome editing by homologous recombination, zinc finger nucleases, TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease), CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9), and gene therapy. Thus, we introduced the terms personalized medicine and precision medicine based on the CF.
The Influence of Internal Resonances From Machinery Mounts on Radiated Noise From Ships

Machinery vibration is a significant source of noise from marine vessels. Consequently, problematic machinery is often decoupled from the hull using resilient mounts. When radiated noise is a priority, two-stage mounting arrangements can be used which provide superior performance. This improvement, however, comes at a much higher weight and cost. A commonly overlooked issue with isolation systems is that the individual mounts suffer from internal resonances which reduce their effectiveness. This paper broadly evaluates the influence of these on the underwater noise levels from a typical ship diesel. The effect of nonrigid structural components, that is, the supported machine, the machine foundation, and the intermediate mass in two-stage mounting arrangements, is also discussed. The structureborne and airborne transmission paths are resolved individually using approximate analytical methods, and the source levels are estimated from empirical relationships for typical marine diesels. It is shown that, by mitigating the internal resonances of the mounts, a two-stage mounting arrangement may be unnecessary because of the contribution to the underwater noise by airborne transmission.
Coactivated Clique Based Multisource Overlapping Brain Subnetwork Extraction

Subnetwork extraction using community detection methods is commonly used to study the brain's modular structure. Recent studies indicated that certain brain regions are known to interact with multiple subnetworks. However, most existing methods are mainly for non-overlapping subnetwork extraction. In this paper, we present an approach for overlapping brain subnetwork extraction using cliques, which we defined as co-activated node groups performing multiple tasks. We proposed a multisource subnetwork extraction approach based on the co-activated clique, which (1) uses task co-activation and task connectivity strength information for clique identification, (2) automatically detects cliques of different sizes having more neuroscientific justifications, and (3) shares the subnetwork membership, derived from a fusion of rest and task data, among the nodes within a clique for overlapping subnetwork extraction. On real data, compared to the commonly used overlapping community detection techniques, we showed that our approach improved subnetwork extraction in terms of group-level and subject-wise reproducibility. We also showed that our multisource approach identified subnetwork overlaps within brain regions that matched well with hubs defined using functional and anatomical information, which enables us to study the interactions between the subnetworks and how hubs play their role in information flow across different subnetworks. We further demonstrated that the assignments of interacting/individual nodes using our approach correspond with the posterior probability derived independently from our multimodal random walker based approach.
Comparison of the ease of laryngeal mask airway ProSeal insertion and the fiberoptic scoring according to the head position and the presence of a difficult airway

Background The sniffing position is recommended for conventional laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion. However, there has been a high success rate of LMA insertion with the head in the neutral position. The effect of a difficult airway on the ease of LMA insertion is not clear. In this study, we compared the ease of LMA ProSeal™ (PLMA) insertion and the fiberoptic scoring according to the head position and the presence of a difficult airway. Methods After obtaining informed consent from the subjects, we enrolled 144 adult patients (age range: 18-65) with an ASA physical status 1 or 2. After evaluation of the airway, all the patients were grouped into the EA (easy airway) group (n = 68) and the DA (difficult airway) group (n = 76). According to the head position, each group was divided into the EA-SE (extension) group (n = 35), the EA-SN (sniffing) group (n = 33), the DA-SE group (n = 39) and the DA-SN group (n = 37). The success rate and insertion time at the first attempt were evaluated. The position of the PLMA was fiberoptically scored from the mask aperture of the airway tube in the original head position. After the head position was changed to the sniffing and neutral positions in the SE and SN group, respectively, the position of PLMA was re-evaluated fiberoptically. Results The success rate and insertion time at the first attempt and the fiberoptic score showed no significant difference among the groups. After head position was changed, there were no significant changes in the fiberopitc scores. Conclusions A difficult airway and the head position had no influence on the ease of PLMA insertion and the fiberopic score. Therefore, the head position can be selected according to the individual patient's situation.
Applications of Visualization Technology for Network Security

As a new research area in recent years, network security visualization provides a fast and effective way to identify network anomalies. This paper first summarizes several popular data visualization technologies, and analyzes the current research progress in the field of network security visualization. Then it introduces our practical work to visualize the abnormal events on CSTnet, and proposes research directions for next step.
Assessing FRET using spectral techniques

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques have proven invaluable for probing the complex nature of protein–protein interactions, protein folding, and intracellular signaling events. These techniques have traditionally been implemented with the use of one or more fluorescence band‐pass filters, either as fluorescence microscopy filter cubes, or as dichroic mirrors and band‐pass filters in flow cytometry. In addition, new approaches for measuring FRET, such as fluorescence lifetime and acceptor photobleaching, have been developed. Hyperspectral techniques for imaging and flow cytometry have also shown to be promising for performing FRET measurements. In this study, we have compared traditional (filter‐based) FRET approaches to three spectral‐based approaches: the ratio of acceptor‐to‐donor peak emission, linear spectral unmixing, and linear spectral unmixing with a correction for direct acceptor excitation. All methods are estimates of FRET efficiency, except for one‐filter set and three‐filter set FRET indices, which are included for consistency with prior literature. In the first part of this study, spectrofluorimetric data were collected from a CFP–Epac–YFP FRET probe that has been used for intracellular cAMP measurements. All comparisons were performed using the same spectrofluorimetric datasets as input data, to provide a relevant comparison. Linear spectral unmixing resulted in measurements with the lowest coefficient of variation (0.10) as well as accurate fits using the Hill equation. FRET efficiency methods produced coefficients of variation of less than 0.20, while FRET indices produced coefficients of variation greater than 8.00. These results demonstrate that spectral FRET measurements provide improved response over standard, filter‐based measurements. Using spectral approaches, single‐cell measurements were conducted through hyperspectral confocal microscopy, linear unmixing, and cell segmentation with quantitative image analysis. Results from these studies confirmed that spectral imaging is effective for measuring subcellular, time‐dependent FRET dynamics and that additional fluorescent signals can be readily separated from FRET signals, enabling multilabel studies of molecular interactions. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry