Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerobic With Resistance Training or Aerobic Training Alone Poststroke: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Stroke is associated with muscle atrophy and weakness, mobility deficits, and cardiorespiratory deconditioning. Aerobic and resistance training (AT and RT) each have the potential to improve deficits, yet there is limited evidence on the utility of combined training. Objective: To examine the effects of AT+RT versus AT on physiological outcomes in chronic stroke with motor impairments. Methods: Participants (n = 73) were randomized to 6 months of AT (5 d/wk) or AT+RT (3 and 2 d/wk, respectively). Outcomes included those related to body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, mobility (6-minute walk distance [6MWD], sit-to-stand, and stair climb performance), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold [VO2VT]), and muscular strength. Results: A total of 68 (93.2%) participants (age, mean ± SD = 63.7 ± 11.9) completed the study. AT+RT and AT yielded similar and significant improvements in 6MWD (39.9 ± 55.6 vs 36.5 ± 63.7 m, P = .8), VO2peak (16.4% ± 43.8% vs 15.2% ± 24.7%, P = .9), sit-to-stand time (−2.3 ± 5.1 vs 1.02 ± 9.5 s, P = .05), and stair climb performance (8.2% ± 19.6% vs 7.5% ± 23%, P = .97), respectively. AT+RT produced greater improvements than AT alone for total body lean mass (1.23 ± 2.3 vs 0.27 ± 1.6 kg, P = .039), predominantly trunk (P = .02) and affected-side limbs (P = .04), VO2VT (19.1% ± 26.8% vs 10.5% ± 28.9%, P = .046), and upper- and lower-limb muscular strength (P < .03, all except affected-side leg). Conclusion: Despite being prescribed 40% less AT, AT+RT resulted in similar and significant improvement in mobility and VO2peak, superior improvements in VO2VT and muscular strength, and an almost 5-fold greater increase in lean mass compared with AT. RT is the most neglected exercise component following stroke but should be prescribed with AT for metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and strength recovery.
Simplified Dependency Annotations with GFL-Web

We present GFL-Web, a web-based interface for syntactic dependency annotation with the lightweight FUDG/GFL formalism. Syntactic attachments are specified in GFL notation and visualized as a graph. A one-day pilot of this workflow with 26 annotators established that even novices were, with a bit of training, able to rapidly annotate the syntax of English Twitter messages. The open-source tool is easily installed and configured; it is available at: https://github.com/ Mordeaux/gfl _ web
Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota and probiotics on health: a symposium report

The present report describes the presentations delivered at the 7th International Yakult Symposium, ‘The Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics: Exploiting Their Influence on Health’, in London on 22–23 April 2013. The following two themes associated with health risks were covered: (1) the impact of age and diet on the gut microbiota and (2) the gut microbiota's interaction with the host. The strong influence of the maternal gut microbiota on neonatal colonisation was reported, as well as rapid changes in the gut microbiome of older people who move from community living to residential care. The effects of dietary changes on gut metabolism were described and the potential influence of inter-individual microbiota differences was noted, in particular the presence/absence of keystone species involved in butyrate metabolism. Several speakers highlighted the association between certain metabolic disorders and imbalanced or less diverse microbiota. Data from metagenomic analyses and novel techniques (including an ex vivo human mucosa model) provided new insights into the microbiota's influence on coeliac, obesity-related and inflammatory diseases, as well as the potential of probiotics. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were suggested as targets for intervention. Host–microbiota interactions were explored in the context of gut barrier function, pathogenic bacteria recognition, and the ability of the immune system to induce either tolerogenic or inflammatory responses. There was speculation that the gut microbiota should be considered a separate organ, and whether analysis of an individual's microbiota could be useful in identifying their disease risk and/or therapy; however, more research is needed into specific diseases, different population groups and microbial interventions including probiotics.
A new method for obtaining geoidal undulations through Artificial Neural Networks

The height supplied by the GPS system is merely mathematics. In most studies the height shall be referred to the Geoid. With a sufficient number of Level References with known horizontal and vertical coordinates, it is almost always adjusted by polynomials of Least Squares Method that allow the interpolation of geoidal undulations. These polynomials are inefficient when extrapolating the data outside the study area. Thus the aim of this work is to present a new method for modeling the surface of Local Geoid based on the technique of Artificial Neural Networks. The study area is the Hydrological Basin of Rio dos Sinos which is located in Rio Grande do Sul State – Brazil and for the training of the neural network undulations data supplied by the MAPGEO2004 program was used. The program was developed by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) with an absolute error band bigger than 0.5 meter. Even with such a big error, the data supplied by MAPGEO2004 can be used in the training of a neural network, because it is tolerant to errors and noises. The efficiency of the model was tested in 8 points with known undulations and distributed throughout the study area. On these points the model has presented, through calculated discrepancies, a root mean square error of 0.170 meter, approximately. The study shows that this method can be an alternative in modeling local and/or regional Geoid.
Solid-Phase Extraction and Large-Volume Sample Stacking-Capillary Electrophoresis for Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Milk

Solid-phase extraction in combination with large-volume sample stacking-capillary electrophoresis (SPE-LVSS-CE) was applied to measure chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in milk samples. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method had a linear range of 29 to 200 µg·L−1, with limits of detection ranging from 18.6 to 23.8 µg·L−1 with inter- and intraday repeatabilities < 10% (as a relative standard deviation) in all cases. The enrichment factors obtained were from 50.33 to 70.85 for all the TCs compared with a conventional capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). This method is adequate to analyze tetracyclines below the most restrictive established maximum residue limits. The proposed method was employed in the analysis of 15 milk samples from different brands. Two of the tested samples were positive for the presence of oxytetracycline with concentrations of 95 and 126 µg·L−1. SPE-LVSS-CE is a robust, easy, and efficient strategy for online preconcentration of tetracycline residues in complex matrices.
Light reception and circadian behavior in ‘blind’ and ‘clock‐less’ mutants of Neurospora crassa

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a model organism for the genetic dissection of blue light photoreception and circadian rhythms. WHITE COLLAR‐1 (WC‐1) and WC‐2 are considered necessary for all light responses, while FREQUENCY (FRQ) is required for light‐regulated asexual development (conidia formation); without any of the three, self‐sustained (circadian) rhythmicity in constant conditions fails. Here we show that light‐regulated and self‐sustained development occur in the individual or mutant white collar strains. These strains resemble wild type in their organization of the daily bout of light‐regulated conidiation. Molecular profiles of light‐ induced genes indicate that the individual white collar‐1 and white collar‐2 mutants utilize distinct pathways, despite their similar appearance in all aspects. Titration of fluence rate also demonstrates different light sensitivities between the two strains. The data require the existence of an as‐yet‐unidentified photoreceptor. Furthermore, the extant circadian clock machinery in these mutant strains supports the notion that the circadian system in Neurospora involves components outside the WC–FRQ loop.
Secretion of protein disulphide isomerase AGR2 confers tumorigenic properties

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an instrumental role in determining the spatial orientation of epithelial polarity and the formation of lumens in glandular tissues during morphogenesis. Here, we show that the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-resident protein anterior gradient-2 (AGR2), a soluble protein-disulfide isomerase involved in ER protein folding and quality control, is secreted and interacts with the ECM. Extracellular AGR2 (eAGR2) is a microenvironmental regulator of epithelial tissue architecture, which plays a role in the preneoplastic phenotype and contributes to epithelial tumorigenicity. Indeed, eAGR2, is secreted as a functionally active protein independently of its thioredoxin-like domain (CXXS) and of its ER-retention domain (KTEL), and is sufficient, by itself, to promote the acquisition of invasive and metastatic features. Therefore, we conclude that eAGR2 plays an extracellular role independent of its ER function and we elucidate this gain-of-function as a novel and unexpected critical ECM microenvironmental pro-oncogenic regulator of epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13887. 001
Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Extracted from both Sludge and Pure Bacterial Strains Isolated from Wastewater Sludge for Sludge Dewatering

At present, the nature and characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by activated sludge microorganisms, which play an important role in sludge settling and dewatering are not clear. In order to understand the chemistry of biopolymers, sludge EPS were extracted from fresh activated sludge. Six pure EPS producing bacterial strains were isolated and were grown in synthetic medium. The individual EPS produced by these strains as well as those isolated (extracted) from activated sludge were characterized in terms of proteins and carbohydrate content and zeta potential. The effect of sludge EPS as well as those from pure isolated bacterial strains was studied on sludge settling characteristics (sludge volume index). Better sludge settling characteristics were observed with individual EPS than the EPS extracted from activated sludge. Zeta potential characterizations of EPS revealed that all individual EPS produced by pure culture strains were anionic in nature but their charge varied to a large extent. The reason for sludge EPS poorly performed to settle sludge than EPS of pure strains were discussed.
Genetic and structural analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes

The fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 constitute an operon and are required for nitrogen fixation in alfalfa nodules. DNA homologous to the R. meliloti fixABC genes is present in all other Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species examined, but fixABC-homologous sequences were found in only one free-living diazotroph, Azotobacter vinelandii. To determine whether the fixABCX genes share sequence homology with any of the 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae nif genes, we determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes and defined four open reading frames that code for polypeptides of molecular weights 31,146, 37,786, 47,288, and 10,937, respectively. Neither DNA nor amino acid sequence homology to the R. meliloti fixA, -B, -C, and -X genes was found in the K. pneumoniae nif operon. The fixX gene contains a cluster of cysteine residues characteristic of ferredoxins and is highly homologous to an Azotobacter ferredoxin which has been shown to donate electrons to nitrogenase. The fixABC operon contains a promoter region that is highly homologous to other nifA-activated promoters. We also found a duplication of the 5' end of the fixABCX operon; a 250-bp region located 520 bp upstream of the fixABCX promoter bears more than 65% homology to the 5' end of the transcribed region, including the first 32 codons of fixA.
IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP

The IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon calibration curves have been revised utilizing newly available and updated data sets from 14C measurements on tree rings, plant macrofossils, speleothems, corals, and foraminifera. The calibration curves were derived from the data using the random walk model (RWM) used to generate IntCal09 and Marine09, which has been revised to account for additional uncertainties and error structures. The new curves were ratified at the 21st International Radiocarbon conference in July 2012 and are available as Supplemental Material at www.radiocarbon. org. The database can be accessed at http://intcal.qub. ac.uk/intcal13/.
Consumer politeness and complaining behavior

Purpose – Aims to examine consumer politeness, an interaction style that may prevent a dissatisfied customer from complaining about a negative service encounter, and seeks to determine the relationship between politeness and the propensity to engage in various types of complaining behavior.Design/methodology/approach – Two surveys served to develop and validate a scale for measuring politeness and tested the relationship between consumer politeness and complaining behavior. The specific items for the politeness scale were developed based on the distinction between negative and positive politeness as described by politeness theory.Findings – The results suggest an inverse relationship between politeness and complaining behavior. The studies also find that polite and impolite consumers do not necessarily engage in the same types of complaining behavior.Research limitations/implications – In future studies, researchers may consider examining the conditions under which polite consumers do and do not voice com.
Enzymatic Responses to Alcohol and Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone Exposures in Long Evans Rat Livers.

Background Chronic feeding plus binge administration of ethanol causes very high blood alcohol concentrations. However, its co-administration with tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) results in somewhat lower blood alcohol levels, suggesting that NNK and therefore smoking, alters alcohol metabolism in the liver. To explore this hypothesis, we examined effects of ethanol and/or NNK exposures on the expression and activity levels of enzymes that regulate their metabolism in liver. Methods This study utilized a 4-way model in which Long Evans rats were fed liquid diets containing 0% or 26% ethanol for 8 weeks, and respectively i.p injected with saline or 2 g/kg of ethanol 3 times/week during Weeks 7 and 8. The control and ethanol-exposed groups were each sub-divided and further i.p treated with 2 mg/kg of NNK or saline (3×/week) in Weeks 3-8. ADH, catalase and ALDH activities were measured using commercial kits. CYP450 mRNA levels (17 isoforms) were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. Results Ethanol significantly increased hepatic ADH but not catalase or ALDH activity. NNK had no effect on ADH, ALDH, or catalase, but when combined with ethanol, it increased ADH activity above the levels measured in all other groups. Ethanol increased CYP2C7, while NNK increased CYP2B1 and CYP4A1mRNA levels relative to control. In contrast, dual ethanol + NNK exposures inhibited CYP2B1 and CYP4A1 expression relative to NNK. Conclusion: Dual exposures to ethanol and NNK increase hepatic ethanol metabolism, and ethanol and/or NNK exposures alter the expression of CYP450 isoforms that are utilized in NNK and fatty acid metabolism.
Construction and validation of logMAR visual acuity charts in seven Indian languages

Purpose: The evaluation of visual impairment requires the measurement of visual acuity with a validated and standard logMAR visual acuity chart. We aimed to construct and validate new logMAR visual acuity chart in Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Assamese). Methods: The commonly used font in each language was chosen as the reference and designed to fit the 5 × 5 grid (Adobe Photoshop). Ten letters (easiest to difficult) around median legibility score calculated for each language based on the results of legibility experiment and differing by 10% were selected. The chart was constructed based on the standard recommendations. The repeatability of charts was tested and also compared with a standard English Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart for validation. Results: A total of 14 rows (1.0 to -0.3 logMAR) with five letters in each line were designed with the range of row legibility between 4.7 and 5.3 for all the language charts. Each chart showed good repeatability, and a maximum difference of four letters was noted. The median difference in visual acuity was 0.16 logMAR for Urdu and Assamese chart compared to ETDRS English chart. Hindi and Malayalam chart had a median difference of 0.12 logMAR. When compared to the English chart a median difference of 0.14 logMAR was noted in Telugu, Kannada, and Bengali chart. Conclusion: The newly developed Indian language visual acuity charts are designed based on the standard recommendations and will help to assess visual impairment in people of these languages across the country.
Why people use online social media brand communities: A consumption value theory perspective

Purpose The success and survival of any form of online community relies on the presence and active participation of its users. Hence, ensuring active user participation and retaining existing users is a key concern of the moderators of online communities. To address these challenges, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the epistemic, emotional, and social values that influence users’ intention to continue using an online social media brand community. Moreover, the study also investigates the differences in the influence of the investigated constructs and users’ various activity levels. Design/methodology/approach This study utilized the consumption value theory framework for testing the relationship between different measures. An empirical analysis of the consumption values of 577 users in an online social media brand community was accomplished using structural equation modeling. Findings The study findings revealed that emotional and social values exert partial influence in predicting users’ intention to continue using online social media brand communities. In particular, social enhancement and playfulness predict users’ continuation intentions. Moreover, the results show that the influence of the investigated constructs (except playfulness) is consistent across users with various activity levels in online social media brand communities. Research limitations/implications These findings pave the way for further theoretical and practical considerations of the role of consumption values in resolving challenges of user participation and retention. However, there are still some open gaps concerning the generalizability of the findings as well as other factors that could potentially influence the user intentions. Future studies should validate the findings by recruiting diverse users in terms of their age and cultural background. Practical implications The study findings are of special relevance for the service operators interested in practicing user-centric innovation. Moreover, the findings can help online social media brand community managers to kick start user-centric innovation activities in their community. Originality/value The study provides a novel perspective on the challenges of assessing users’ consumption behavior. The perceived values have been conceptualized using the constructs of social influence, problem solving, playfulness, social enhancement, and social interaction.
Family Resemblance in Attitudes to Foods

University of PennsylvaniaAlthough it seems likely that family experience should be a major factor in theacquisition of food preferences and attitudes to foods, prior research has not justifiedassignment of a significant portion of variance to family influences. This studydiffers from its predecessors, in that it compares young adults (instead of youngchildren) with their parents and explores attitudes to food, especially sensitivity tocleanliness and contamination of foods ("disgust"), as well as food preferences.Questionnaires were answered by 34 university students (mean age = 19) and theirfamilies. Results indicate small positive parent-child correlations for food preferences(r = .1 to .3 for most items) and considerably larger correlations in the area ofdisgust or contamination sensitivity (r = .3 to .6 for most items). Children's pref-erences and attitudes are about equally related to those of their mother and father.Some small ethnic-group (half of the families were Jewish, half were Christian)effects were found in contamination sensitivity; these were minor in comparisonto the family effects.
Energy storage system in traction vehicle

The paper compares three different types of energy storage system (ESS) in a tramway. It was assumed that the tram has to travel without catenary for 5 km. Two homogeneous energy storage systems were designed to provide energy for the ride: the first made of lithium-ion batteries and the second made of supercapacitors. The third solution is a hybrid ESS (HESS) composed of both of the aforementioned technologies. The comparison was made in terms of weight, price and power consumption when driving with and without a catenary. Using a well-fitted energy management strategy, 50% lower HESS mass was achieved compared to the homogeneous ESSes. The estimated price of the HESS is 29% lower than the battery ESS and 59% from the supercapacitor ESS. A comparison of the energy consumption of the tram with and without the ESS is also presented, depending on the amount of energy absorbed by other vehicles on the same power section. It follows that the use of the ESS allows for significant energy savings for driving with the catenary.
Wave Packets in Simple Equilibrated Baroclinic Systems

The zonal modulation of baroclinic disturbances is studied in a quasigeostrophic two-layer periodic channel. The system is relaxed toward an unstable state with a uniform flow in each layer. For small criticality, two weakly nonlinear systems are then developed, which differ in the choice of boundary condition used for the correction to the basic flow. Each system is described by an amplitude equation that determines the evolution of the wave envelope over ‘‘long’’ time- and space scales. For the first system the amplitude equation allows wave packet formation. Depending upon the ratio of the length scale of the packets to the channel length, either a steady wave train, stable solitonlike wave packets, or chaotically evolving wave packets are observed. The mechanism that leads to wave packet formation is then discussed with reference to the instability criterion of the amplitude equation. For the second system the amplitude equation is found to allow convergence to a steady, uniform wave train only. A numerical model is then used to investigate the finite criticality extension of the second weakly nonlinear system. At low criticality, the assumptions that underpin the weakly nonlinear theory are tested by analyzing the convergence to a uniform wave train. As the criticality is increased, the effects of full nonlinearity cause the weakly nonlinear theory to become invalid. Initially, resonant triads of waves that have fixed amplitudes become excited owing to the dissipative nature of the system. As the criticality is increased further, other waves are excited and the system approaches full baroclinic chaos. Wave packet‐like structures are then observed that evolve rapidly, growing, decaying, merging, and dividing.