Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS

Segregation by race, ethnicity and income is a persistent feature of U.S. cities and communities, and ethnic enclaves have formed ever since immigration became more diverse. For low-skilled immigrants in particular, settling in an ethnic enclave may offer important opportunities and facilitate coping with the new environment. However, immigrant enclaves may also foster occupational segregation and retard assimilation, with the willingness to invest in language acquisition playing a key role. This paper expands on earlier work focusing on the linkage between spatial segregation and language acquisition. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census the study stratifies immigrants by their location in one of four metropolitan areas by educational attainment and national origin in order to determine the effect of these individual characteristics on English proficiency. The probability of speaking English was found to vary across the four locales and educational attainment. Language acquisition was highest in the metropolitan area where the immigrant share is smallest, and is increasing in educational attainment. �
Polaron formation, native defects, and electronic conduction in metal tungstates

Iron tungstate (FeWO$_4$) and manganese tungstate (MnWO$_4$) belong to a family of wolframite-type materials that has applications in various areas, including supercapacitors, batteries, and multiferroics. A detailed understanding of bulk properties and defect physics in these transition-metal tungstates has been lacking, however, impeding possible improvement of their functional properties. Here, we report a first-principles study of FeWO$_4$ and MnWO$_4$ using screened hybrid density-functional calculations. We find that in both compounds the electronic structure near the band edges are predominantly the highly localized transition-metal $d$ states, which allows for the formation of both hole polarons at the Fe (Mn) sites and electron polarons at the W sites. The dominant native point defects in FeWO$_4$ (MnWO$_4$) under realistic synthesis conditions are, however, the hole polarons at the Fe (Mn) sites and negatively charged Fe (Mn) vacancies. The presence of low-energy and highly mobile polarons provides explanation for the good p-type conductivity observed in experiments and the ability of the materials to store energy via a pseudocapacitive mechanism.
The Use of Information in Performance Management: Experiences from Polish Universities

This paper seeks to extend the understating of how performance information (PI) is used in the university context and is intended to contribute to the current debate on the use of PI in the context of faculty performance management (PM). Empirical data was gathered through two in-depth case studies. This approach allows a multi-level analysis based on neo-institutional theory and legitimacy theories. The results of this study are also compared with the literature on PI use. PM practices at universities have become increasingly popular on an institutional, group, and individual basis. The results indicate that PI is used in universities; however, the extent and the scope of PI use by various actors can differ at various levels. How PI is used seems to be motivated by the influences coming to the national and international accrediting and rating agencies. In general, universities use PI to legitimize themselves externally as research-oriented institutions, and their practices are gradually becoming isomorphic. However, analysis at the internal level reveals different attitudes and approaches related to the use of PI. We found evidence of decoupling from the existing performance regulation in the case of more traditional university. In the case of more entrepreneurial universities, mimetic isomorphic practices are more evident. This paper focuses on two case studies, which are still undergoing change. Analysis could be reinforced by studying more cases, the use of different data collection methods, and cross-country and between-country comparative analysis. The use of PI is discussed in the specific context of the higher education system in Poland. Also, the cases of two business schools facilitate the analysis of the differences in how PI is used in the context of traditional and entrepreneurial universities.
The Essential Drosophila ATP-binding Cassette Domain Protein, Pixie, Binds the 40 S Ribosome in an ATP-dependent Manner and Is Required for Translation Initiation*

The Drosophila gene, pixie, is an essential gene required for normal growth and translation. Pixie is the fly ortholog of human RLI, which was first identified as an RNase L inhibitor, and yeast Rli1p, which has recently been shown to play a role in translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis. These proteins are all soluble ATP-binding cassette proteins with two N-terminal iron-sulfur clusters. Here we demonstrate that Pixie can be isolated from cells in complex with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 and ribosomal proteins of the small subunit. In addition, our analysis of polysome profiles reveals that double-stranded RNA interference-mediated depletion of Pixie results in an increase in empty 80 S ribosomes and a corresponding decrease in polysomes. Thus Pixie is required for normal levels of translation initiation. We also find that Pixie associates with the 40 S subunit on sucrose density gradients in an ATP-dependent manner. Our observations are consistent with Pixie playing a catalytic role in the assembly of complexes required for translation initiation. Thus, the function of this soluble ATP-binding cassette domain protein family in translation initiation has been conserved from yeast through to higher eukaryotes.
Savings, Asset Holdings, and Temporary Migration

This paper analyzes savings and asset holdings of immigrants in relation to their return plans. We argue that savings and asset accumulation may be affected by return plans of immigrants. Further, the way savings and assets are held in the home- and host country may also be related to future return plans. Thus, comparing savings and assets between immigrants and natives may lead to serious underestimation when neglecting the home country component. We show that immigrants with temporary return plans place a higher proportion of their savings in the home country. In addition, both the magnitude and the share of assets and housing value accumulated in the home country are larger for immigrants who consider their migration as temporary, and lower the value of assets and property held in the host country. Finally, and conditional on observable characteristics, we find no evidence that immigrants with temporary migration plans save more than immigrants with permanent migration plans.
Towards an integrated pipeline for aspect-based sentiment analysis in various domains

This paper presents an integrated ABSA pipeline for Dutch that has been developed and tested on qualitative user feedback coming from three domains: retail, banking and human resources. The two latter domains provide service-oriented data, which has not been investigated before in ABSA. By performing in-domain and cross-domain experiments the validity of our approach was investigated. We show promising results for the three ABSA subtasks, aspect term extraction, aspect category classification and aspect polarity classification.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): Overexpression of NPM, CDK1 and NDRG1 and underexpression of CHES1

To identify cellular genes that could potentially serve as predictive molecular markers for human oral cancer, we employed differential display analysis to compare the gene expression profiles between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and histopathologically normal epithelium tissues. Comparative real‐time RT‐PCR was used to confirm the gene expression in 52 OSCC patients, and a 2‐fold difference was defined as over‐ or underexpression. A total of 7 genes were identified: NPM, CDK1, NDRG1, HMGCR, EF1A, NAC and CHES1. In the cancer tissues, NPM, CDK1 and NDRG1 were significantly overexpressed (an average of 7.6‐, 17.2‐ and 12.9‐fold, respectively), and CHES1 was underexpressed (15‐fold). The frequencies of the differential expression were 40, 56, 67 and 46%, respectively in NPM, CDK1, NDRG1 and CHES1. In Western blot analysis, the protein expressions of NPM, CDK1 and NDRG1 were also increased in the cancer tissues, consistent with the mRNA expression results. To further evaluate clinicopathological associations in these genes, Pearson chi‐square analysis was employed. Levels of CDK1 and NDRG1 were associated with poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.043 and 0.023), suggesting that these genes participate in the mechanism of tumor transformation. Expressions of CDK1 and NDRG1, and CDK1 and CHES1 were mutually statistically correlated (p = 0.001 and 0.014), indicating that these genes share a very close regulatory relationship or interact synergistically in oncogenesis. In conclusion, we identified 7 genes that are differentially expressed in OSCC, and we provide the first evidence that NPM, CDK1 and NDRG1 are overexpressed and CHES1 is underexpressed in oral cancer. These results serve as a fundamental base for employing these genes in future clinical applications. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Inclusion of Functional Connectivity Information into fMRI-based Neurofeedback Improves Its Efficacy in the Reduction of Cigarette Cravings

Real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF) facilitates volitional control over brain activity and the modulation of associated mental functions. The NF signals of traditional rtfMRI-NF studies predominantly reflect neuronal activity within ROIs. In this study, we describe a novel rtfMRI-NF approach that includes a functional connectivity (FC) component in the NF signal (FC-added rtfMRI-NF). We estimated the efficacy of the FC-added rtfMRI-NF method by applying it to nicotine-dependent heavy smokers in an effort to reduce cigarette craving. ACC and medial pFC as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus are associated with cigarette craving and were chosen as ROIs. Fourteen heavy smokers were randomly assigned to receive one of two types of NF: traditional activity-based rtfMRI-NF or FC-added rtfMRI-NF. Participants received rtfMRI-NF training during two separate visits after overnight smoking cessation, and cigarette craving score was assessed. The FC-added rtfMRI-NF resulted in greater neuronal activity and increased FC between the targeted ROIs than the traditional activity-based rtfMRI-NF and resulted in lower craving score. In the FC-added rtfMRI-NF condition, the average of neuronal activity and FC was tightly associated with craving score (Bonferroni-corrected p = .028). However, in the activity-based rtfMRI-NF condition, no association was detected (uncorrected p > .081). Non-rtfMRI data analysis also showed enhanced neuronal activity and FC with FC-added NF than with activity-based NF. These results demonstrate that FC-added rtfMRI-NF facilitates greater volitional control over brain activity and connectivity and greater modulation of mental function than activity-based rtfMRI-NF.
Auditor Dismissals Around Accounting Restatements

Despite the major role that auditors play in accounting misstatements, either by recommending or affirming accounting methods that are not consistent with GAAP, or by failing to detect misapplications of GAAP (either intentional or unintentional) by management, little is known about the determinants of auditor dismissals or the economic consequences of auditor dismissals arising from accounting misstatements. In this study, we find that small auditors are much more likely to be dismissed than their Big 4 counterparts, and these differences are more pronounced when restatements involve irregularities. This evidence is consistent with the benefits from re-establishing reporting credibility outweighing the lower switching costs for smaller auditors, especially for more damaging restatements. Consistent with this notion, we also document a positive market reaction for restatement firms announcing the dismissal of their auditors. This stock price benefit is greatest for small auditor dismissals where the initial market reaction to the restatement was more negative.
A prospective analysis of the association between macronutrient intake and renal cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Previous case‐control studies have suggested that a high intake of animal foods and its associated nutrients are associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma, although data from prospective studies are limited. We report here on the relationship between macronutrient intake and renal cell carcinoma incidence among 435,293 participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of dietary intake of fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber and cholesterol and risk of renal cell carcinoma adjusted for age, sex, center, height, body mass index, physical activity, education, smoking, menopausal status, alcohol and energy intake. During an average 8.8 years of follow‐up, 507 renal cell carcinoma cases occurred. Risk of renal cell carcinoma was not associated with macronutrient intake, including nutrients derived from animal sources. Our results indicate that macronutrient intake is not associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma in this cohort of European men and women. © 2009 UICC
Etoposide-cisplatin alternating with vinorelbine-cisplatin versus etoposide-cisplatin alone in patients with extensive disease combined with small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alternating etoposide-cisplatin and vinorelbine-cisplatin (EP-NP) compared with an etoposide-cisplatin (EP) regimen for advanced combined small cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histologically confirmed combined small cell carcinoma patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned (1:1) into either the EP-NP setting (group A) or the EP setting (group B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in patients who received at least one dose of treatment. RESULTS Eighty-two patients entered into this trial, 42 in group A and 40 in group B. The objective response rates in group A and group B were 42.9% and 32.5%, respectively (p=0.334). Survival analysis showed that median progression-free survival was 6.1 months in group A, which was significantly longer than the 4.1 months in group B (p=0.041). However, as to overall survival, no significant difference was found between the two groups (11.0 vs 10.1 months in groups A and B, respectively, p=0.545). No unexpected side effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS The EP-NP regimen for combined small cell carcinomas prolonged progression- free survival compared with the EP regimen. Further clinical investigations are warranted.
Longitudinal Participant Outcomes Associated with Outward Bound and National Outdoor Leadership School: A Means-End Investigation

Abstract: Means-end theory was used to analyze differences in outcomes from original and follow-up interviews occurring over the three subsequent years after Outward Bound (OB) and National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) course participation. In 2006, a semi-structured, in-person interview was conducted after participants (N=510) completed their course. In 2007, 2008, and 2009, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of original participants. Results of this study show how OB and NOLS programs continue to increase participant self-respect, self-esteem, and self-confidence, provide a sense of accomplishment, and impart transferable lessons and skills three years after course participation. Understanding such participant outcomes allows program managers to effectively market programs, comprehend relationships between program attributes and participant outcomes, and design programs for specific outcomes.
The Use of Systemic Risk Measures in the Indonesian Banking Sector

2008 Global Financial Crisis has highlighted the importance of systemic risk, which had been overlooked prior to the crisis. Since then, systemic risk, which focuses on the risk contributions of financial institutions to the whole financial system, has become a necessary complement of idiosyncratic risk, which focuses on the individual risk of each financial institution, within the financial system surveillance framework. Since then, a number of systemic risk measures have been developed to quantify the risk contribution of financial institutions to the financial system. In this paper, we examine the applications of two systemic risk measures, namely Marginal Expected Shortfall (MES) and ∆CoVaR in large Indonesian banks throughout 2008-2015. We further extent our analysis by investigating the practical use of these systemic risk measures in predicting the crisis based on historical data. Our finding reveals that both systemic risk measures can be roughly rationalized in terms of bank-specific and country-specific of the banking sector. We also find that the use of MES is more appropriate compared to ∆CoVaR for systemic risk monitoring due to its relatively better ex-post losses predictability power.
Chapter 2 Basics of Brain Computer Interface

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer. It is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body. The BCI can lead to many applications especially for disabled persons. Most of these applications are related to disable persons in which they can help them in living as normal people. Wheelchair control is one of the famous applications in this field. In addition, the BCI research aims to emulate the human brain. This would be beneficial in many fields including the Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. Throughout this chapter, an introduction to the main concepts behind the BCI is given, the concepts of the brain anatomy is explained, and the BCI different signals are stated. In addition, the used hardware and software for the BCI are elaborated.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Gastrin‐releasing Peptide, Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Neurone‐specific Enolase in the Uterus of the North American Opossum, Didelphis virginiana

The present study has demonstrated the immunohistochemical localization of gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and neurone‐specific enolase (NSE) in the uterus of the North American opossum. Although the presence of GRP, nNOS and NSE has been reported recently in the uterus of eutherian species this is the first description of these peptides in a metatherian species. Metatherian mammals are of interest because in these species it is the prolonged lactation phase of development that is the period of primary reproductive investment rather than intrauterine development as is true of eutherian mammals. The opossum, like other marsupial species, has a very abbreviated gestation period which in Didelphis lasts only 12.5 days. GRP was localized in the cytoplasm of cells forming the surface lining epithelium and the glandular epithelium of the opossum endometrium late in pregnancy, at 11.5 days of gestation. Likewise, immunoreactivities of nNOS and NSE were found primarily within the epithelial cells of the endometrium at 11.5 days of gestation. As these peptides and enzymes appear primarily at the time of establishment of the yolk sac placenta (between day 10 and day 12.5 gestation), the present results strongly suggest that these factors may play a fundamental role in the placentation of the opossum.
The reorganization of the German public employment service : a study of success and failure

This paper addresses the topic of the possible success or failure of the reorganization of the public employment service in Germany and wants to answer the following question: “To what extent was the reorganization of the public employment service in Germany successful? ” This success means to be the reform´s implementation at organizational level in general, even if the way the specific organizations have or have not implemented the different aspects of the reform is a crucial element when it comes to determine this success. One organization is examined in a case study within the thesis: The JobCenter in the West German city Hamm. Policy documents and statistical data sets are analyzed, based on the study´s own theoretical concept of policy success and a derived methodological concept. The outcomes of the study indicate that the reorganization of the public employment service in Germany was successful to a relatively high extent in terms of the reduction of unemployment and long-term unemployment, and in terms of improving the matching between unemployed and firms with vacancies. In respects of the legislative goals of the employment service, it was not very successful, but at organization level the success in terms of the strategic goals prevails.
The Transcutaneous Charger for Implanted Nerve Stimulation Device

Implanted nerve stimulation offers many advantages to improve the QOL (quality of life) of the patients suffering from nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. Secondary battery begins to be used instead of primary secondary, service life of the implanted device is extended and the device becomes smaller and lighter. For charging the secondary battery fit in the body, a transcutaneous charger is designed. Two coupling coils designed specially are used to transmit and receive energy. With the mentioned coupling coils, the charger attains 15 mA charge current and the charge requirement is satisfied
The Promotion of Responsible Tourism Management Through Digital Media

ABSTRACT Tourism businesses are increasingly embracing the dynamics of new digital technologies, as they communicate their responsible initiatives through corporate websites, social media platforms and other interactive channels. Therefore, a quantitative study explores the owner-managers’ attitudes on digital media. The methodology integrates measures from technological innovation and corporate social responsibility to understand the rationale for using online media to communicate about sustainable and responsible tourism management. The results have indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of digital media (for the promotion of sustainable behaviours and stakeholder engagement). This contribution suggests that communication of responsible tourism management is more effective when it is offered through interactive channels. It implies that there are opportunities for hospitality businesses to enhance their reputation and image as they engage in interactive communications with different stakeholders.