Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous event detection for context inconsistency in pervasive computing

Event detection for context inconsistency is challenging in pervasive computing environments, where contexts are often noisy owing to fragile connectivity, node frequent movement and resource constraints. As a recent scheme, CEDA - Concurrent Event Detection for Asynchronous inconsistency checking (CEDA) - concurrently detects context inconsistency by exploring the happened-before relation among events. Nevertheless, CEDA suffers from several problems - unscalable from partial centralised detection manner, heavy computation complexity and false negative. To address these challenges, we propose in this paper the SECA scheme - asynchronous event detection for context inconsistency in pervasive computing. It puts forward a new type logical clock - snapshot timestamp - to check event relations, which enables it to be efficient in the scenarios where CEDA fails to. Meanwhile, SECA comes up with a lightweight update mechanism for the snapshot clock, which considerably reduces time and space complexity. Extensive experiments have been conducted and results show that SECA surmounts CEDA with respect to detection accuracy and scalability.
Non-invasive Imaging of Sendai Virus Infection in Pharmacologically Immunocompromised Mice: NK and T Cells, but not Neutrophils, Promote Viral Clearance after Therapy with Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone

In immunocompromised patients, parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections have an increased potential to spread to the lower respiratory tract (LRT), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immunologic defects that facilitate viral spread to the LRT will help in developing better management protocols. In this study, we immunosuppressed mice with dexamethasone and/or cyclophosphamide then monitored the spread of viral infection into the LRT by using a noninvasive bioluminescence imaging system and a reporter Sendai virus (murine PIV type 1). Our results show that immunosuppression led to delayed viral clearance and increased viral loads in the lungs. After cessation of cyclophosphamide treatment, viral clearance occurred before the generation of Sendai-specific antibody responses and coincided with rebounds in neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Neutrophil suppression using anti-Ly6G antibody had no effect on infection clearance, NK-cell suppression using anti-NK antibody delayed clearance, and T-cell suppression using anti-CD3 antibody resulted in no clearance (chronic infection). Therapeutic use of hematopoietic growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF had no effect on clearance of infection. In contrast, treatment with Sendai virus—specific polysera or a monoclonal antibody limited viral spread into the lungs and accelerated clearance. Overall, noninvasive bioluminescence was shown to be a useful tool to study respiratory viral progression, revealing roles for NK and T cells, but not neutrophils, in Sendai virus clearance after treatment with dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide. Virus-specific antibodies appear to have therapeutic potential.
Modular verification of assembly code with stack-based control abstractions

Runtime stacks are critical components of any modern software--they are used to implement powerful control structures such as function call/return, stack cutting and unwinding, coroutines, and thread context switch. Stack operations, however, are very hard to reason about: there are no known formal specifications for certifying C-style setjmp/longjmp, stack cutting and unwinding, or weak continuations (in C--). In many proof-carrying code (PCC) systems, return code pointers and exception handlers are treated as general first-class functions (as in continuation-passing style) even though both should have more limited scopes.In this paper we show that stack-based control abstractions follow a much simpler pattern than general first-class code pointers. We present a simple but flexible Hoare-style framework for modular verification of assembly code with all kinds of stackbased control abstractions, including function call/return, tail call, setjmp/longjmp, weak continuation, stack cutting, stack unwinding, multi-return function call, coroutines, and thread context switch. Instead of presenting a specific logic for each control structure, we develop all reasoning systems as instances of a generic framework. This allows program modules and their proofs developed in different PCC systems to be linked together. Our system is fully mechanized. We give the complete soundness proof and a full verification of several examples in the Coq proof assistant.
Characterisation of a Swedish cohort with orofacial granulomatosis with or without Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE To compare oral manifestations in a Swedish cohort of patients with orofacial granulomatosis with or without Crohn's disease and to assess NOD2 polymorphisms in the two groups. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with orofacial granulomatosis were included. Demographics, disease history, clinical features and concurrent Crohn's disease were recorded. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and examined for NOD2 variants Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC, all previously linked to gastrointestinal Crohn's disease. RESULTS Twelve of 29 patients were diagnosed with coexisting gastrointestinal Crohn's disease, and of whom 21 were males. Symptom duration was significantly longer for the orofacial granulomatosis group com-pared to the group with coexisting Crohn's disease (P < 0.0001). The orofacial granulomatosis patients also perceived their overall discomfort, aesthetic problems and social discomfort as more severe. No significant differences in the clinical presentation of oral lesions between the two groups were found. None of the patients with orofacial granulomatosis carried any of the NOD2 variations, whereas four of the 12 patients with coexisting Crohn's disease had a NOD2 variant (Arg702Trp). CONCLUSION The two patient groups had similar phenotypic characteristics but seemed to have genotypic differences regarding NOD2. The Swedish cohort differed in their clinical characteristics from patients reported in other geographical regions.
Enhanced Genre Classification through Linguistically Fine-Grained POS Tags

We propose the use of fine-grained part-of-speech (POS) tags as discriminatory attributes for automatic genre classification and report empirical results from an experiment that indicate substantial accuracy gain by such features over the conventional bag-of-words approach through word unigrams. In particular, this paper reports our research to investigate the performance of a fine-grained tag set when tested with the British component of the International Corpus of English. Ten different genre classification tasks were identified and the performance of the tags was evaluated in terms of F-score. Our results show that the use of linguistically fine-grained POS tags produces superior accuracy when compared with word unigrams, particularly for a rich set of 32 different genres with Naive Bayes Multinominal Classifier. Through a comparison with an impoverished tag set, our results further demonstrate that the superior performance is due to the rich linguistic information embodied in the 400-strong different POS tags.
A fast and sensitive alternative for β-galactosidase detection in mouse embryos

The bacterial lacZ gene is widely used as a reporter in a myriad of mouse transgenic experiments. β-Galactosidase, encoded by lacZ, is usually detected using X-gal in combination with ferric and ferrous ions. This assay produces a blue indole precipitate that is easy to detect visually. Here, we show that Salmon-gal in combination with tetrazolium salts provides a more sensitive and faster staining reaction than the traditional β-galactosidase assay in mouse embryos. Using a combination of Salmon-gal and tetranitroblue tetrazolium, we were able to visualize the activity of β-galactosidase in embryos at stages when the customary X-gal reaction failed to detect staining. Our studies provide an enhanced alternative for β-galactosidase detection in expression and cell fate studies that use lacZ-based transgenic mouse lines.
c-KIT receptor expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic naevi

To investigate the role of c-KIT receptor in melanocytic tumour development and progression, we analysed the expression and localization of c-KIT by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In contrast to the positive staining shown by melanocytes and naevus cells in the epidermis of common naevi (n=20), all dysplastic naevi (n=13) were negative, as were dermal melanocytic cells of blue naevi (n=4) and common naevi (n=26). Three out of four superficial spreading melanomas lost c-KIT expression both in the epidermal and dermal parts, while nodular melanomas showed no expression of c-KIT except in partially positive cells, and six out of seven metastatic melanomas were negative. In acral lentiginous melanomas (n=8), in contrast to other types of melanoma, all cases with melanoma cells growing basally in the epidermis showed strong c-KIT positivity, but melanoma cells growing at the upper layers of the epidermis and vertically into the dermis lost c-KIT expression. Using the Western blot method on cultured pigment cells, human epidermal melanocytes, junctional naevus cells and one out of three metastatic melanoma cell lines showed 125 and 145 kDa bands corresponding to c-KIT, whereas dermal naevus cells did not. These results suggest that dysplastic naevi are distinct from ordinary naevi in terms of c-KIT expression and that basally growing cells in acral lentigenous melanomas could be at an initial stage of tumour progression, before c-KIT loss occurs.
Mitoxantrone and etoposide in breast milk

bpk-gdy. L p h t o r y studies showed a hemoglobin ~ u a t i c m of 15.0 &'dl. a k u l c q t e count of 4.1 x IOo/L with 5.5% wuuophils d 71'). lymFhoc)ws. and a platclct count of I I . 2 x 10% BjochcmicPl and serological findings were as follows: rheumatoid factor 0.185 fl: c3 9.w m g k c4 210 m e t ; circulating immune complex 4-5 x 10 ' wI-; antinuclear antibody ( IM): and platelet-associated IS (PA 1 6 ) 136.7 np/lO'~~l ls . Bone m w aspirate showed a nonnocellumanvw. but the differential count revealed neutrophil maturation arrest. patient was diagnosed as having Felty's syndrome and m i v e d rG=F(Chugai Fharnwctuticals. Tokyo. Japan) subcutaneously at adose of 5 pg,fkg daily for 14 days. The neutmphil c a n t in the peripheral blood i-ad on day 6 after the slart of IGCSF administration. and an impovement in h e maturation rmst of nculmphils in the bone marrow was mu! However. the neumphil count returned to low levels within a week &cr discontinuation of rGCSF therapy. Then. we tried and repeated combined therapy of IGCSF ( 5 @kg for4 days) and prednisolone (main(rdme of I5 mg! dayt. resulting in an improvement in the neutrophils w t (to over 1.1 x look) and Ihe platelet counts for over 4 weeks (fig. I). The use of f f ihtCSF I I . 21 and rGCSF 13.41 has been reported to correct neuvnpcnia in Fclty's syndrome by inducing a stimulation of granulopoia i s in the boric m w . However. their effects we= transient. In this w. a dramatic increau in the pcripkral blood neutrophil count following GCSF matmcnt was observed. but the neutmphil count returned to preycotment kvels within a wcek after the discontinuation of IG-CSF therapy. Thc combination of f f iCSF and prcdnisolone maintained the neutmphil m n t s over I. I X 10°*2 for 4 wceks. Administralion of prednisolone red d Iherimlaling immune complexes d PA I s . which arc thought to bc m p m i b l c in pul for nculmpcnia d thmmbocywpenia in Felty's syndrOme 151. ThrFcfrrC. Ihe m h i n a t i o n of rG-CSF and prednisolone m a y be 8 polenlid maintenance therapy far the neucrgcnia in Felty's SYndnmw.
Protein Concentration in Milk Formula, Growth, and Later Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Protein intake may influence important health outcomes in later life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate current evidence on the effects of infant formulas and follow-on formulas with different protein concentrations on infants' and children's growth, body composition, and later risk of overweight and obesity. METHODS In this systematic review, we searched electronic databases (including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) up until November 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligible studies had to include children aged 0-3 y who represented the general population and were fed cow milk-based infant formulas with variations in protein concentration. Control groups received lower-protein cow milk-based formulas (as defined by the authors). The primary outcomes were growth, overweight, obesity, and adiposity. Various time points for outcomes assessment were accepted for inclusion. If possible, a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Twelve RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Different formula protein concentrations did not affect linear growth other than a transient effect on mean length at 3 mo observed in a meta-analysis of 4 studies (mean difference, - 0.27 cm; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.02). Lower mean weight and weight z scores obtained from the infants fed lower-protein formulas were observed only from 6 to 12 mo of age. Data from one large RCT showed that consumption of a lower-protein infant formula may reduce body mass index at 12 mo of age and later (12 mo, 24 mo, and 6y) and the risk of obesity at 6 y. Effects on body composition remained unclear. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is insufficient for assessing the effects of reducing the protein concentration in infant formulas on long-term outcomes, but, if confirmed, this could be a promising intervention for reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in children. In view of the limited available evidence, more studies replicating effects on long-term health outcomes are needed.
A NOVEL SCHEME OF STRAIN-CONSTRUCTED POINT INTERPOLATION METHOD FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC MECHANICS PROBLEMS

This paper presents a new scheme of strain-constructed point interpolation method (SC-PIM) for static, free and forced vibration analysis of solids and structures using triangular cells. In the present scheme, displacement fields are assumed using shape functions created via the point interpolation method (PIM), which possess the Kronecker delta property facilitating the straightforward enforcement of displacement boundary conditions. Using the generalized gradient smoothing technique, the "smoothed" strains at the middle points of the cells edges are first obtained using the corresponding edge-based smoothing domains and the assumed displacement field. In each triangular background cell, the strains at the vertices are assigned using these smoothed strains in a proper manner, and then piecewisely linear strain fields are constructed by the linear interpolation for each sub-triangular cell using the edge-based "smoothed" strains. With the assumed displacements and constructed linear strain fields, the discretized system equations are created using the Strain Constructed Galerkin (SC-Galerkin) weak form. A number of benchmark numerical examples, including the standard patch test, static, free and forced vibration problems, have been studied and intensive numerical results have demonstrated that the present method possesses the following properties: (1) it works well with the simplest triangular mesh, no additional degrees of freedom and parameters are introduced and very easy to implement; (2) it is at least linearly conforming; (3) it possesses a close-to-exact stiffness: it is much stiffer than the "overly-soft" node-based smoothed point interpolation method (NS-PIM) and much softer than the "overly-stiff" FEM model; (4) the results of the present method are of superconvergence and ultra-accuracy: about one order of magnitude more accurate than those of the linear FEM; (5) there are no spurious non-zeros energy modes found and it is also temporally stable, hence the present method works well for dynamic problems.
Minimal feature set based classification of emotional speech

--This paper proposes the use of a minimum number of formant and bandwidth features for efficient classification of the neutral and six basic emotions in two languages. Such a minimal feature set facilitates fast and real time recognition of emotions which is the ultimate goal of any speech emotion recognition system. The investigations were done on emotional speech databases developed by the authors in English as well as Malayalam a popular Indian language. For each language, the best features were identified by the KMeans, K-nearest neighbor and Naive Bayes classification of individual formants and bandwidths, followed by the artificial neural networks classification of the combination of the best formants and bandwidths. Whereas an overall emotion recognition accuracy of 85.28 % was obtained for Malayalam, based on the values of the first four formants and bandwidths, the recognition accuracy obtained for English was 86.15%, based on a feature set of the four formants and the first and fourth bandwidths, both of which are unprecedented. These results were obtained for elicited emotional speech of females and with statistically preprocessed formants and bandwidth values. Reduction in the number of emotion classes resulted in a striking increase in the recognition accuracy.
Model checking algorithms for the µ-calculus

Abstract : The propositional mu-calculus is a powerful language for expressing properties of transition systems by using least and greatest fixpoint operators. Recently, the mu-calculus has generated much interest among researchers in computer-aided verification. This interest stems from the fact that many temporal and program logics can be encoded into the mu-calculus. In addition, important relations between transition systems, such as weak and strong bisimulation equivalence, also have fixpoint characterizations. Wide-spread use of binary decision diagrams has made fixpoint based algorithms even more important, since methods that require the manipulation of individual states do not take advantage of this representation.
Circularly polarized sequentially rotated gap — coupled elliptical microstrip antennas array

In this paper a single fed elliptical microstrip antenna to realize circular polarization in 1000 MHz frequency band is proposed. It yields axial ratio bandwidth of 10 MHz (~1.2%). A sequentially rotated gap coupled configuration with a single parasitic patch along x axis is studied. Thereafter, gap coupled array along x and along y axis, i.e., a plus shaped array is studied to increase the ARBW. Also, 3×3 array is presented which provides return loss bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of 44MHz and 30MHz respectively with a gain of 1.5dBi for non-suspended configuration. For gain increment, suspended single elliptical microstrip antenna is proposed, which provides axial ratio bandwidth of 12 MHz and gain of 7dBi. The proposed gap coupled configurations yields broadside radiation pattern over entire bandwidth with antenna gain of more than 9dBi in their suspended variation. The proposed configuration can find applications in mobile communication environment in 1000 MHz frequency band and can also be tuned to a required frequency in the given range.
Production of Penicillin by Fungi Growing on Food Products: Identification of a Complete Penicillin Gene Cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a Truncated Cluster in Penicillium verrucosum

ABSTRACT Mycobiota growing on food is often beneficial for the ripening and development of the specific flavor characteristics of the product, but it can also be harmful due to the production of undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins or antibiotics. Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium. The presence of penicillin in food must be avoided, since it can lead to allergic reactions and the arising of penicillin resistance in human-pathogenic bacteria. In this article we describe a study of the penicillin production ability among fungi of the genus Penicillium that are used as starters for cheese and meat products or that are frequently isolated from food products. Penicillium griseofulvum was found to be a new penicillin producer and to have a penicillin gene cluster similar to that of Penicillium chrysogenum. No other species among the studied fungi were found to produce penicillin or to possess the penicillin biosynthetic genes, except P. verrucosum, which contains the pcbAB gene (as shown by hybridization and PCR cloning of fragments of the gene) but lacks pcbC and penDE. Antibacterial activities due to the production of secondary metabolites other than penicillin were observed in some fungi.
Measuring and Discovering Correlations in Large Data Sets

In this paper, a class of statistics named ART (the alternant recursive topology statistics) is proposed to measure the properties of correlation between two variables. A wide range of bi-variable correlations both linear and nonlinear can be evaluated by ART efficiently and equitably even if nothing is known about the specific types of those relationships. ART compensates the disadvantages of Reshef's model in which no polynomial time precise algorithm exists and the "local random" phenomenon can not be identified. As a class of nonparametric exploration statistics, ART is applied for analyzing a dataset of 10 American classical indexes, as a result, lots of bi-variable correlations are discovered.
Annexin5 Plays a Vital Role in Arabidopsis Pollen Development via Ca2+-Dependent Membrane Trafficking

The regulation of pollen development and pollen tube growth is a complicated biological process that is crucial for sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Annexins are widely distributed from protists to higher eukaryotes and play multiple roles in numerous cellular events by acting as a putative “linker” between Ca2+ signaling, the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane, which are required for pollen development and pollen tube growth. Our recent report suggested that downregulation of the function of Arabidopsis annexin 5 (Ann5) in transgenic Ann5-RNAi lines caused severely sterile pollen grains. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the function of Ann5 in pollen. This study demonstrated that Ann5 associates with phospholipid membrane and this association is stimulated by Ca2+ in vitro. Brefeldin A (BFA) interferes with endomembrane trafficking and inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Both pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Ann5-overexpressing plants showed increased resistance to BFA treatment, and this effect was regulated by calcium. Overexpression of Ann5 promoted Ca2+-dependent cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes in vivo in response to BFA. Lactrunculin (LatB) significantly prohibited pollen germination and tube growth by binding with high affinity to monomeric actin and preferentially targeting dynamic actin filament arrays and preventing actin polymerization. Overexpression of Ann5 did not affect pollen germination or pollen tube growth in response to LatB compared with wild-type, although Ann5 interacts with actin filaments in a manner similar to some animal annexins. In addition, the sterile pollen phenotype could be only partially rescued by Ann5 mutants at Ca2+-binding sites when compared to the complete recovery by wild-type Ann5. These data demonstrated that Ann5 is involved in pollen development, germination and pollen tube growth through the promotion of endomembrane trafficking modulated by calcium. Our results provide reliable molecular mechanisms that underlie the function of Ann5 in pollen.