Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elemental and spectroscopic methods with chemometric analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter during chicken manure composting

Dissolved organic matter was extracted from chicken manure after 1, 8, 16, 28 and 40 days of composting and characterized by combining elemental and spectroscopic methods with chemometric analysis to investigate the evolution of composting materials. The elemental and spectroscopic analysis results showed that the composting process was characterized by the biodegradation of aliphatics, polysaccharide and proteins, as well as by the synthesis of aromatic structures, humic-like substances and macromolecules. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the data from elemental and spectroscopic analysis fell into three main groups, and corresponded to the biodegradation, aromatization, and humification and polymerization state of the composting materials. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated rapid biodegradation of organic matter during the first eight days, and the formation of aromatic structures, humic-like materials and macromolecules in dissolved organic matter after eight days.
Declarative Bias in Equation Discovery

Declarative bias plays an important role when learning in potentially huge hypothesis spaces. While scientiic discovery systems, which perform equation discovery as a sub-task, consider such potentially huge hypothesis spaces, few (if any) employ declarative (as opposed to hard-coded) bias to deene and restrict their hypothesis space. We present an equation discovery system Lagramge that uses grammars to deene and restrict its hypothesis space. These grammars can make use of functions deened as domain speciic knowledge, in addition to common mathematical operators. Lagramge was successfully applied to three artiicial domains, rediscovering the correct equations. It was also applied to a real-world problem, discovering equations that make sense in terms of domain knowledge and produce accurate predictions.
Functional Morphology of the Distal Forelimb and the Evolution of Tool Use in Humans

Previous research on the biomechanics of tool use has focused heavily on traits correlated with locomotion, tool manufacturing, and habitual tool use. Features like the breadth of the metacarpals, relative length of the thumb, styloid process of the third metacarpal, and the breadth of the apical tufts are skeletal features associated with the use and development of stone tools. However, there are many traits of the distal forelimb that may also be correlated directly with the development and use of tools. The purpose of this research is to analyze morphological features of the hands and compare them to features of the arm in humans, fossil Homo and the great apes to understand how the hominin distal arm functions as a mosaic in response to the use of stone tools. The results indicate a separation between tool-users and non-tool users when all distal forelimb dimensions are examined. Omo 40-19 falls closer to non-tool users when univariate plots of ulna length and breadth are examined. Ratios of hand measurements to radius length are better at polarizing the tool-users from non-tool users than are hand dimensions to ulna length ratios. These results highlight the role of the radius in stabilizing the hand during stone tool production. INDEX WORDS: paleoanthropology, functional morphology, hominin, human evolution FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE DISTAL FORELIMB AND THE EVOLUTION OF TOOL USE IN HUMANS
Intensified Antiplatelet Treatment Reduces Major Cardiac Events in Patients with Clopidogrel Low Response: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background:Clopidogrel low response (CLR) is an independent risk factor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and intensified antiplatelet treatments (IAT) guided by platelet function assays might overcome laboratory CLR. However, whether IAT improves clinical outcomes is controversial. Methods:Relevant trials were identified in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Medical Journal Network databases from their establishment to September 9, 2014. Trials were screened using predefined inclusion criteria. Conventional meta-analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were performed using the Review Manager 5.0 and STATA 12.0 software programs. Results:Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 5111 patients with CLR were recruited. During a follow-up period of 1–12 months, the incidences of cardiovascular (CV) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and stent thrombosis were significantly lower in the IAT arm than in the conventional antiplatelet treatment arm (relative risk [RR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.57, P < 0.000,01), whereas bleeding was similar between the two arms (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.86–1.27, P = 0.65). Conclusions:IAT guided by platelet function assays reduces the risk of CV death, nonfatal MI, and stent thrombosis (ST) without an increased risk of bleeding in patients undergoing PCI and with CLR.
Angle differential‐QAM scheme for resolving phase ambiguity in continuous transmission system

An angle differential quadrature amplitude modulation (ADQAM) scheme is proposed to solve phase ambiguity problem in non‐data‐aided continuous transmission system with square QAM constellation. Starting from the 16‐ADQAM case, we derive differential encoding and decoding schemes in terms of two differential angles and use a solar system analogy for explanation. The 16‐ADQAM system incurs only about 0.5‐dB performance degradation compared with the coherent 16‐QAM system under AWGN channel. Generalization of flat fading channel and higher‐level ADQAM is straightforward. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trapped in the Digital Divide? Old People in the Information Society

Senior citizens have not been amongst the first to start utilising Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Thus there is a danger that they will be excluded from the growing Information Society. In a Danish program, six local experiments are trying out the possibilities of utilising ICT to fulfil the needs of old people. This article will present some of the results of the program. First, I will present the Danish ICT-policy, which shapes the political background for the program. Second, I will present the program. Third, I will give a brief presentation of the methodology and the theoretical framework the study is based on. Through an analysis of two of the local experiments I will show how ICT becomes a part of old people’s everyday life. Finally, I will conclude as to whether or not old people in Denmark are becoming part of the Information Society through these local development projects. *Key words*: social experiment, information society, digital divide.
Poster: Integration of a haptic rendering algorithm based on voxelized and point-sampled structures into the physics engine Bullet

We present the evaluation of a haptic rendering algorithm based on the Voxmap-Pointshell algorithm which was integrated in the physics engine Bullet. Our algorithm uses voxelized distance fields and multi-resolution point-sampled representations and it is able to compute collision forces between arbitrary complex bodies at 1 kHz. Current experiments show that the integrated algorithm outperforms standard collision detection engines in Bullet in terms of speed if high resolutions and accuracies are required, enabling physically more realistic behaviors.
Mining pure high-order word associations via information geometry for information retrieval

The classical bag-of-word models for information retrieval (IR) fail to capture contextual associations between words. In this article, we propose to investigate pure high-order dependence among a number of words forming an unseparable semantic entity, that is, the high-order dependence that cannot be reduced to the random coincidence of lower-order dependencies. We believe that identifying these pure high-order dependence patterns would lead to a better representation of documents and novel retrieval models. Specifically, two formal definitions of pure dependence—unconditional pure dependence (UPD) and conditional pure dependence (CPD)—are defined. The exact decision on UPD and CPD, however, is NP-hard in general. We hence derive and prove the sufficient criteria that entail UPD and CPD, within the well-principled information geometry (IG) framework, leading to a more feasible UPD/CPD identification procedure. We further develop novel methods for extracting word patterns with pure high-order dependence. Our methods are applied to and extensively evaluated on three typical IR tasks: text classification and text retrieval without and with query expansion.
Inferring the semantics of direction signs in public places

Most large-scale public environments provide direction signs to facilitate the orientation for humans and to find their way to a goal location in the environment. Thus, for a robot operating in the same environment, it would be beneficial to interpret such signs correctly for a safe and efficient navigation. In this work, we propose a novel approach to infer the meaning of direction signs and to use that for navigation, i.e., to find a mapping of a detected sign to a motion direction. Our method uses a hierarchical extension of the Implicit Shape Model framework called HISM that does not require any hand-labeled training data to detect the signs. On the lower level of this two-stage hierarchy, ISM is applied to image descriptors as in the standard approach. On the higher level, ISM operates on subparts of signs called tokens, using weights learned from data. The interpretation of the signs is inferred by associating navigation data to direction instructions. We conducted experiments from image data acquired in an airport terminal, aiming towards the implementation of a robotic guide, with promising results.
So We Teach Business Ethics—Do They Learn?

A study was done with incoming freshmen, sophomore, senior, and graduate business students (n = 185) to assess the effects of moral development, gender, education level, and context on the moral choices in a simulated business situation, a potential hostile takeover of a fictional company. The results indicated that level of moral development did affect the decisions of students; however, main effects for gender, the level of education, and context were not significant. The results did find significant interaction effects between context and moral development and gender and moral development. Students with lower levels of moral development were less likely to consider the contextual situation when making their decisions. The effect of moral development was more pronounced for female business students than for male business students. The implications of these results for ethics education in business schools are discussed.
Metabolic costs induced by lactate in the toad Bufo marinus: new mechanism behind oxygen debt?

The mechanism of an increase in metabolic rate induced by lactate was investigated in the toad Bufo marinus. Oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) was analyzed in fully aerobic animals under hypoxic conditions (7% O(2) in air), accompanied by measurements of catecholamines in the plasma, and was measured in isolated hepatocytes in vitro under normoxia by using specific inhibitors of lactate proton symport [alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC)] and sodium proton exchange (EIPA). The rise in metabolic rate in vivo can be elicited by infusions of hyperosmotic (previous findings) or isosmotic sodium lactate solutions (this study). Despite previous findings of reduced metabolic stimulation under the effect of adrenergic blockers, the increase in Vo(2) in vivo was not associated with elevated plasma catecholamine levels, suggesting local release and effect. In addition to the possible in vivo effect via catecholamines, lactate induced a rise in Vo(2) of isolated hepatocytes, depending on the concentration present in a weakly buffered Ringer solution at pH 7.0. No increase was found at higher pH values (7.4 or 7.8) or in HEPES-buffered Ringer solution. Inhibition of the Lac(-)-H(+) transporter with alpha-CHC or of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger with EIPA prevented the increase in metabolic rate. We conclude that increased Vo(2) at an elevated systemic lactate level may involve catecholamine action, but it is also caused by an increased energy demand of cellular acid-base regulation via stimulation of Na(+)/H(+) exchange and thereby Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The effect depends on entry of lactic acid into the cells via lactate proton symport, which is likely favored by low cellular surface pH. We suggest that these energetic costs should also be considered in other physiological phenomena, e.g., when lactate is present during excess, postexercise Vo(2).
Use of Gen-Probe AccuProbes to identify Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium gordonae directly from BACTEC TB broth cultures

To evaluate the utility of Gen-Probe AccuProbes for the identification of mycobacteria directly from BACTEC TB 12B vials containing acid-fast bacilli, culture results for 11,375 clinical specimens other than blood received from 1 January 1992 to 30 September 1993 were reviewed retrospectively. During this period, a total of 359 of 11,375 BACTEC vials were positive for acid-fast bacilli and were evaluated for mycobacteria with one or more probes: 224 were probed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 253 were probed for Mycobacterium avium complex, 64 were probed for Mycobacterium kansasii, and 77 were probed for Mycobacterium gordonae. After initial testing with the probes, 75 vials were positive for M. tuberculosis complex, 99 were positive for M. avium complex, 11 were positive for M. kansasii, and 55 were positive for M. gordonae. Repeat testing of vials that were initially probe negative or testing of colonies from subcultures of these vials identified an additional 11 M. tuberculosis, 27 M. avium complex, 1 M. kansasii, and 9 M. gordonae that were not detected on initial screening. On the basis of these data, the percentage of organisms identified directly from the BACTEC TB 12B vials upon initial screening with each of the four AccuProbes was 87.2% for M. tuberculosis complex, 78.6% for M. avium complex, 91.7% for M. kansasii, and 85.9% for M. gordonae.
Low-Power and Area-Efficient Shift Register Using Digital Pulsed Latches

This paper proposes a low-power and area-efficient shift register using pulsed latches. The area and power consumption are reduced by replacing flip-flops with pulsed latches. This method solves the timing problem between pulsed latches through the use of multiple non-overlap delayed pulsed clock signals instead of the conventional single pulsed clock signal. The shift register uses a small number of the pulsed clock signals by grouping the latches to several sub shifter registers and using additional temporary storage latches. A 256-bit shift register using pulsed latches was fabricated using a 0.18 CMOS process with . The core area is . The power consumption is 1.2 mW at a 100 MHz clock frequency. The proposed shift register saves 37% area and 44% power compared to the conventional shift register with flip-flops.
Fault-Preserving Simplifying Transformations for Security Protocols

Recent techniques for analyzing security protocols have tended to concentrate upon the small protocols that are typically found in the academic literature. However, there is a huge gulf between these and most large commercial protocols: the latter typically have many more fields, and much higher levels of nested encryption. As a result, existing techniques are difficult to apply directly to these large protocols. In this paper we develop the notion of fault-preserving simplifying transformations: transformations that have the property of preserving insecurities; the effect of such transformations is that if we can verify the transformed protocol, then we will have verified the original protocol. We identify a number of such fault-preserving simplifying transformations, and use them in the analysis of a commercial protocol.
Amplified NO/cGMP‐mediated relaxation and ryanodine receptor‐to‐BKCa channel signalling in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle from phospholamban knockout mice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) is induced by NO. NO promotes the formation of cGMP, which activates cGMP‐dependent protein kinase I (PKGI). The large conductance calcium‐activated potassium (BKCa) channel is regarded as a major target of NO/cGMP signalling; however, the mechanism of BKCa activation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load and Ca2+ release from the SR via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) is important for BKCa channel activation in response to NO/cGMP.
An Efficient Diagnosis Scheme for RAMs with Simple Functional Faults

This paper presents an efficient diagnosis scheme for RAMs. Three March-based algorithms are proposed to diagnose simple functional faults of RAMs. A March-15N algorithm is used for locating and partially diagnosing faults of bit-oriented or word-oriented memories, where N represents the address number. Then a 3N March-like algorithm is used for locating the aggressor words (bits) of coupling faults (CFs) in word-oriented (bit-oriented) memories. It also can distinguish the faults which cannot be identified by the March-15N algorithm. Thus, the proposed diagnosis scheme can achieve full diagnosis and locate aggressors with (15N+3mN) Read/Write operations for a bit-oriented RAM with m CFs. For word-oriented RAMs, a March-like algorithm is also proposed to locate the aggressor bit in the aggressor word with 4log2B Read/Write operations, where B is the word width. Analysis results show that the proposed diagnosis scheme has higher diagnostic resolution and lower time complexity than the previous fault location and fault diagnosis approaches. A programmable built-in self-diagnosis (BISD) design is also implemented to perform the proposed diagnosis algorithms. Experimental results show that the area overhead of the BISD is small — only about 2.17% and 0.42% for 16 K×8-bit and 16 K×128-bit SRAMs, respectively.
Notice of RetractionStudy on engineering managerial competency and empirical analysis

Competitive and complex engineering environment fuel the rise and focus on engineering managerial competency (EMC) of engineering managers. At the beginning, six main elements of EMC were supposed as hypothetical categorization for further empirical analysis. After questionnaire investigating engineering managers across various vocations and industries and data handling, CITC, reliability and factor analysis were made to screen out the right items for measuring EMC Elements and it was found one element should be divided into two dimension as personal trait and mental mode. Later, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and got a good fit for a seven-factor model for EMC. The elements of capability, managerial behavior, personal traits, and skills take the first four ranks of great effects on EMC of engineering managers, and then mental mode, general qualification and knowledge are subsequent in turn.
Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Nonparametric Statistics Strong Approximations for Resample Quantile Processes and Application to Roc Methodology Strong Approximations for Resample Quantile Processes and Application to Roc Methodology

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is defined as true positive rate versus false positive rate obtained by varying a decision threshold criterion. It has been widely used in medical sciences for its ability to measure the accuracy of diagnostic or prognostic tests. Mathematically speaking, ROC curve is the composition of survival function of one population with the quantile function of another population. In this paper, we study strong approximation for the quantile processes of the Bayesian bootstrap (BB) resampling distributions, and use this result to study strong approximations for the BB version of the ROC process in terms of two independent Kiefer processes. The results imply asymptotically accurate coverage probabilities for the confidence bands for the ROC curve and confidence intervals for the area under the curve functional of the ROC constructed using the BB method. Similar results follow for the bootstrap resampling distribution.
An Investigation of Basic Retrieval Models for the Dynamic Domain Task

TREC dynamic domain is a new challenging task, which aims to simultaneously optimize the performance of retrieval and the number of iterations to accomplish the search task in a session-based search environment with a more sophisticated feedback information from the user. As a ﬁrst step towards developing an eﬀective search systems for this task, we investigate the characteristics of the newly created dataset for this task, and performance of basic well-known retrieval models for it. Our investigation demonstrates that the query sets contain multiple diﬃcult queries, where initial results may provide very limited evidence for improvement in subsequent iterations. The new setting of the task and characteristics of dataset stress the need for more comprehensive metrics of performance evaluation, in terms of result diversity as an example.