Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
United States v. Loew's Inc.: A Note on Block-Booking

The phenomenon of block-booking of movies-the offer of only a combined assortment of movies to an exhibitor-has been the subject of several antitrust cases. In the most recent case, United States v. Loew's Inc.,' Mr. Justice Goldberg, speaking for the Court, again struck down the practice, stating flatly: "The antitrust laws do not permit a compounding of the statutorily conferred monopoly. " The explanation of the practice of block-booking is not explicit in the decision, but a fair interpretation is this: The owner of two films uses the popularity of one to compel the exhibitor to purchase the other as well. This is not a full explanation, however, for it does not explain why the seller should wish to sell the inferior film. Consider the following simple example. One film, Justice Goldberg cited Gone with the Wind, is worth $10,000 to the buyer, while a second film, the Justice cited Getting Gertie's Garter, is worthless to him. The seller could sell the one for $10,000, and throw away the second, for no matter what its cost, bygones are forever bygones. Instead the seller compels the buyer to take both. But surely he can obtain no more than $10,000, since by hypothesis this
Hybrid Method for 3-D Gaze Tracking Using Glint and Contour Features

Glint features have important roles in gaze-tracking systems. However, when the operation range of a gaze-tracking system is enlarged, the performance of glint-feature-based (GFB) approaches will be degraded mainly due to the curvature variation problem at around the edge of the cornea. Although the pupil contour feature may provide complementary information to help estimating the eye gaze, existing methods do not properly handle the cornea refraction problem, leading to inaccurate results. This paper describes a contour-feature-based (CFB) 3-D gaze-tracking method that is compatible to cornea refraction. We also show that both the GFB and CFB approaches can be formulated in a unified framework and, thus, they can be easily integrated. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed CFB method and the GFB method should be integrated because the two methods provide complementary information that helps to leverage the strength of both features, providing robustness and flexibility to the system. Computer simulations and real experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for gaze tracking.
Preemptive, Low Latency Datacenter Scheduling via Lightweight Virtualization

Data centers are evolving to host heterogeneous workloads on shared clusters to reduce the operational cost and achieve higher resource utilization. However, it is challenging to schedule heterogeneous workloads with diverse resource requirements and QoS constraints. On the one hand, latency-critical jobs need to be scheduled as soon as they are submitted to avoid any queuing delays. On the other hand, best-effort long jobs should be allowed to occupy the cluster when there are idle resources to improve cluster utilization. The challenge lies in how to minimize the queuing delays of short jobs while maximizing cluster utilization. Existing solutions either forcibly kill long jobs to guarantee low latency for short jobs or disable preemption to optimize utilization. Hybrid approaches with resource reservations have been proposed but need to be tuned for specific workloads. In this paper, we propose and develop BIG-C, a container-based resource management framework for Big Data cluster computing. The key design is to leverage lightweight virtualization, a.k. a, containers to make tasks preemptable in cluster scheduling. We devise two types of preemption strategies: immediate and graceful preemptions and show their effectiveness and tradeoffs with loosely-coupled MapReduce workloads as well as iterative, in-memory Spark workloads. Based on the mechanisms for task preemption, we further develop a preemptive fair share cluster scheduler. We have implemented BIG-C in YARN. Our evaluation with synthetic and production workloads shows that low-latency and high utilization can be both attained when scheduling heterogeneous workloads on a contended cluster
Writing Voice Navigable Formal Documents

We describe how voice navigable versions of complex taskoriented documents can be written in an XML format that encodes extra information specifying how they are to be read by a voice browser. We focus in particular on the problem of creating XML representations that can be approved as voice versions of formal documents. The methods have been implemented in the context of a voice enabled procedure browser that will be deployed on the International Space Station late in 2004.
Use of external resources to expand boundaries of professional competencies - Case video analysis for football coaching

Department of Information and Service Economy 21.11. 2012 Master’s thesis Anni Tupamäki OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The purpose of this thesis is to examine the use of external resources in order to expand the boundaries of professional competencies. This means external resources can be used for example in strategy making decisions or for performance analysis purposes. This topic is examined with the help of an IT-based analysis tool in the context of football. ACADEMIC BACKGROUNG AND METHODOLOGY The literature part is mainly based on Resource-Based View (RBV), as it provides interesting insights on how a firm’s resource base should be managed so that the resources can generate a competitive advantage to the firm. Still, neither RBV nor other strategic management theories are able to provide unambiguous solutions, how the use of external resources, such as analysts or fans of an organization, should be organized. This thesis is set to fill that research gap. However, the more there are external resources used for analysis purposes, the more there are heterogeneity and uncertainty. Thus, there is a positive relationship between heterogeneity and uncertainty. Heterogeneity means the broad scale of analyses by external resources and uncertainty stems from the difficulty to draw conclusions from a vast set of analyses. In this thesis I examine, does the use of an IT-based analysis tool lower the uncertainty but maintain the heterogeneity, because the IT-based analysis tool codes, structures and shares the information to external resources. In addition, I examine that by controlling the form of cooperation and level of experience of external resources, can the uncertainty be further lowered without lowering the original level of heterogeneity. In the context of the experiments the ITbased tool is represented by a video analysis tool. I examine these issues by executing two, exploratory experiments and conduct interviews with key persons. Thus, the methodology of this thesis is based on case-methodology. FINDINGS The findings of this study suggest that the use of video analysis improves the quality of the evaluations by external resources. It is recommended to use experienced external resources, who have a proven track record and are professionals within the field, for analysis purposes. Also those persons, who know the methods of the organization, are able to provide useful and innovative analyses when they accomplish the analysis in co-operation. The study suggests that the use of those resources, who do not know the organization or are not professionals, is not recommended.
Dynamics of Bengal Rose Encapsulated in the Meijer Dendrimer Box

We used molecular dynamics (MD) techniques to examine the encapsulation of Bengal Rose (BR) molecules in the Meijer dendrimer box (DBox) formed by the addition of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-l-Phe (tBOC-l-Phe) cap molecules to the 64 terminal primary amines of a fifth generation poly(propyleneimine) (PPI-5) dendrimer. Using a large periodic box (including DBox, four to six BR, and CH2Cl2 solvent, totaling ∼25 000 atoms), we examined the MD of these systems for ∼0.5 ns. Without the cap we find that BR molecules establish a concentration dependent equilibrium between the interior and surface regions of PPI-5 and the solvent region outside the dendrimer. The number of BR molecules calculated to associate with the interior of the PPI-5 dendrimer agrees exactly with experiment (at the same BR/PPI concentration). MD simulations on the DBox in CH2Cl2 show that the tBOC-l-Phe surface is completely impermeable to encapsulated BR molecules, even when an excess is forced inside the box. The close correspondence of the the.
Applying Linear Quantifier Elimination

The linear quantifier elimination algorithm for ordered fields in [15] is applicable to a wide range of examplee involving even non-linear parameters. The Skolem sets of the original algorithm are generalized to elimination sets whose size is linear in the number of atomic formulae, whereas the size of Skolem sets is quadratic in this number. Elimination sets may contain non-standard terms which enter the computation symbolically. Many cases can be treated by special methods improving further the empirical computing times
BANFISA and (IN) DICA-SUS in health undergraduate education: playing and learning construction.

OBJECTIVES To analyze the learning built during the matches of the games by students of the subject Gestão de Políticas Públicas em Saúde at the Universidade de Brasília. METHOD Exploratory, descriptive research, in a qualitative approach, with 26 students from various graduation courses in health, using a questionnaire and participant observation. RESULTS Participants reinvented rules, related issues addressed in the games to the reality, interacted with colleagues and had fun throughout the match. Comparing the games in relation to ludicity, the BANFISA was more attractive than the (IN) DICA-SUS, although they are complementary. CONCLUSIONS Learning constructed by the students goes beyond the content of the subject; involve the active participation in group and creativity.
Bayesian inference for within-herd prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo using bulk milk antibody testing

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world and human mortality from severe disease forms is high even when optimal treatment is provided. Leptospirosis is also one of the most common causes of reproductive losses in cattle worldwide and is associated with significant economic costs to the dairy farming industry. Herds are tested for exposure to the causal organism either through serum testing of individual animals or through testing bulk milk samples. Using serum results from a commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo) on samples from 979 animals across 12 Scottish dairy herds and the corresponding bulk milk results, we develop a model that predicts the mean proportion of exposed animals in a herd conditional on the bulk milk test result. The data are analyzed through use of a Bayesian latent variable generalized linear mixed model to provide estimates of the true (but unobserved) level of exposure to the causal organism in each herd in addition to estimates of the accuracy of the serum ELISA. We estimate 95% confidence intervals for the accuracy of the serum ELISA of (0.688, 0.987) and (0.975, 0.998) for test sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Using a percentage positivity cutoff in bulk milk of at most 41% ensures that there is at least a 97.5% probability of less than 5% of the herd being exposed to L. hardjo. Our analyses provide strong statistical evidence in support of the validity of interpreting bulk milk samples as a proxy for individual animal serum testing. The combination of validity and cost-effectiveness of bulk milk testing has the potential to reduce the risk of human exposure to leptospirosis in addition to offering significant economic benefits to the dairy industry.
Effects of Sprint versus High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Cross-Country Mountain Biking Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives The current study compared the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on mountain biking (MTB) race simulation performance and physiological variables, including peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Methods Sixteen mountain bikers (mean ± SD: age 32.1 ± 6.4 yr, body mass 69.2 ± 5.3 kg and VO2max 63.4 ± 4.5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed graded exercise and MTB performance tests before and after six weeks of training. The HIT (7–10 x [4–6 min—highest sustainable intensity / 4–6 min—CR100 10–15]) and SIT (8–12 x [30 s—all-out intensity / 4 min—CR100 10–15]) protocols were included in the participants’ regular training programs three times per week. Results Post-training analysis showed no significant differences between training modalities (HIT vs. SIT) in body mass, PPO, LT or OBLA (p = 0.30 to 0.94). The Cohen’s d effect size (ES) showed trivial to small effects on group factor (p = 0.00 to 0.56). The interaction between MTB race time and training modality was almost significant (p = 0.08), with a smaller ES in HIT vs. SIT training (ES = -0.43). A time main effect (pre- vs. post-phases) was observed in MTB race performance and in several physiological variables (p = 0.001 to 0.046). Co-variance analysis revealed that the HIT (p = 0.043) group had significantly better MTB race performance measures than the SIT group. Furthermore, magnitude-based inferences showed HIT to be of likely greater benefit (83.5%) with a lower probability of harmful effects (0.8%) compared to SIT. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that six weeks of either HIT or SIT may be effective at increasing MTB race performance; however, HIT may be a preferable strategy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01944865
Love Shouldn’t Hurt

The healthy messages parents convey to their adolescents about risk behaviors may be related to better adolescent outcomes. Few studies have examined the types of messages or strategies caregivers use to discuss dating violence with their early adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 African American maternal caregivers of early adolescent girls. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and coded using an emergent process. Themes in dating violence conversations focused on the meaning of love, identifying red flags in relationships, and what to do when involved in a problem dating situation. Caregivers used teachable moments (e.g., watching a TV show) to start conversations, weaved dating violence topics into conversations about other sensitive topics, or included their young daughter in conversations with older siblings. The results of this study highlight strategies that can be implemented in family-based prevention programming and also the importance of helping caregivers communicate their values and expectations.
An Aggressive Approach to Loop Unrolling

A well-known code transformation for improving the execution performance of a program is loop unrolling. The unrolled loop usually requires fewer instruction executions than the original loop. The reduction in instruction executions comes from two sources: the number of branch instructions executed is reduced, and the index variable is modified fewer times. In addition, for architectures with features designed to exploit instruction-level parallelism, loop unrolling can expose greater levels of instruction-level parallelism. Loop unrolling is an effective code transformation often improving the execution performance of programs that spend much of their execution time in loops by 10 to 30 percent. Unfortunately, it has not been studied as extensively as other code improvements such as register allocation or common subexpression elimination. The result is that many compilers employ simplistic loop unrolling algorithms that miss many opportunities for improving run-time performance. This paper describes how aggressive loop unrolling is done in a retargetable optimizing compiler. Using a set of 32 benchmark programs, the effectiveness of this more aggressive approach to loop unrolling is evaluated. Interactions between loop unrolling and other common optimizations are also discussed.
In Vitro Antiophidian Mechanisms of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy Standardized Extract: Quercetin-Dependent Neuroprotection

The neuroprotection induced by Hypericum brasiliense Choisy extract (HBE) and its main active polyphenol compound quercetin, against Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) venom and crotoxin and crotamine, was enquired at both central and peripheral mammal nervous system. Cdt venom (10 μg/mL) or crotoxin (1 μg/mL) incubated at mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation (PND) induced an irreversible and complete neuromuscular blockade, respectively. Crotamine (1 μg/mL) only induced an increase of muscle strength at PND preparations. At mouse brain slices, Cdt venom (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) decreased cell viability. HBE (100 μg/mL) inhibited significantly the facilitatory action of crotamine (1 μg/mL) and was partially active against the neuromuscular blockade of crotoxin (1 μg/mL) (data not shown). Quercetin (10 μg/mL) mimicked the neuromuscular protection of HBE (100 μg/mL), by inhibiting almost completely the neurotoxic effect induced by crotoxin (1 μg/mL) and crotamine (1 μg/mL). HBE (100 μg/mL) and quercetin (10 μg/mL) also increased cell viability in mice brain slices. Quercetin (10 μg/mL) was more effective than HBE (100 μg/mL) in counteracting the cell lysis induced by Cdt venom (1 and 10 μg/mL, resp.). These results and a further phytochemical and toxicological investigations could open new perspectives towards therapeutic use of Hypericum brasiliense standardized extract and quercetin, especially to counteract the neurotoxic effect induced by snake neurotoxic venoms.
Great Is Their Sin

The roots of biological determinism are ancient. Yet despite advances in biological science in the twentieth century, determinist thinking has not been eliminated. This article reviews the history of biological determinism, examining its varieties from its creationist beginnings to present-day biological thinking in the age of genomics. It elucidates the relationship between biological determinism and racialist understandings of human genetic variation. Of particular importance in this regard are the ongoing claims of racial medicine (a modern biological determinist variety) as well as resurgent attempts to classify humans into biological races utilizing genomic data and clustering algorithms (such as STRUCTURE). Finally it presents how the complexity of biological variation generated by genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and chance effects vitiates simplistic biological determinism.
Semantics-Preserving and Incremental Runtime Patching of Real-Time Programs

We propose semantics-preserving and incremental runtime patching of real-time programs as a robust means for reconfiguring hard real-time systems at runtime. We consider programs that describe non-functional aspects of pro cesses such as their timing properties and communication behavior, and give examples written in the Hierarchical Timing Language (HTL). Runtime patching is the process of replacing portions of such programs at runtime by new code. It is semantics-preserving if the switch to the result ing code and the code itself could have been compiled beforehand, had the patch been known. It is incremental if analyzing and generating the code only involves an effort proportional to the size of the patch, not the patched program. This can even be done with system-wide properties such as schedulability by exploiting HTL-specific features .
Constructivist Learning During Software Development

This article explores the non-monotonic nature of the programmer learning that takes place during incremental program development. It uses a constructivist learning model that consists of four fundamental cognitive activities: absorption that adds new facts to the knowledge, denial that rejects facts that do not fit in, reorganization that reorganizes the knowledge, and expulsion that rejects obsolete knowledge. A case study of an incremental program development illustrates the application of the model and demonstrates that it can explain the learning process with episodes of both increase and decrease in the knowledge. Implications for the documentation systems are discussed in the conclusions.
Analysis And Simulation In Neuron And Fibrosis Models

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION IN NEURON AND FIBROSIS MODELS Humberto D. Perez Gonzalez, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2009 Supervising Professor: Jianzhong Su In this work, we use analysis and numerical simulations to study the change of collective behavior of two synaptically coupled square bursting systems, the effect of noise in an elliptic bursting system and foreign body reactions. For the square bursters we study its synchronization process as the strength of coupling increases. The two cells present chaotic bursting behavior when there is no coupling. As the strength increases and past a certain value, the behavior of two cells, which are uncoupled, becomes synchronized regular bursting motions. For the elliptic bursting phenomenon we study the distribution of the noise and its effects in the dynamics and the reliability of the firing pattern. Finally, we study foreign body reactions to implants. A computational model is constructed to investigate the time dynamics of the reaction kinetics of the major elements involved in the fibrosis formation process.
Identification of a Caulobacter crescentus operon encoding hrcA, involved in negatively regulating heat-inducible transcription, and the chaperone gene grpE

In response to elevated temperature, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells increase expression of a small family of chaperones. The regulatory network that functions to control the transcription of the heat shock genes in bacteria includes unique structural motifs in the promoter region of these genes and the expression of alternate sigma factors. One of the conserved structural motifs, the inverted repeat CIRCE element, is found in the 5' region of many heat shock operons, including the Caulobacter crescentus groESL operon. We report the identification of another C. crescentus heat shock operon containing two genes, hrcA (hrc for heat shock regulation at CIRCE elements) and a grpE homolog. Disruption of the hrcA gene, homologs of which are also found upstream of grpE in other bacteria, increased transcription of the groESL operon, and this effect was dependent on the presence of an intact CIRCE element. This suggests a role for HrcA in negative regulation of heat shock gene expression. We identified a major promoter transcribing both hrcA and grpE and a minor promoter located within the hrcA coding sequence just upstream of grpE. Both promoters were heat shock inducible, with maximal expression 10 to 20 min after heat shock. Both promoters were also expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle under physiological conditions. C. crescentus GrpE, shown to be essential for viability at low and high temperatures, complemented an Escherichia coli delta grpE strain in spite of significant differences in the N- and C-terminal regions of these two proteins, demonstrating functional conservation of this important stress protein.
KNN Text Categorization Algorithm Based on Semantic Centre

As a classical statistical pattern recognition algorithm characterized with high accuracy and stability, KNN has been used widely in text categorization. But since KNN’s time complexity is directly proportional to the sample size, its classification speed is very slow. In this paper, we propose a new KNN text categorization algorithm based on semantic centre, which we call SKNN, to speed up the classification. The basic thread is to replace the large number of original sample documents with a small amount of sample semantic centers. Experiments have proved that the SKNN’s clarification is over 10 times as fast as that of the traditional KNN and its F1 value is approximately equal to SVM and traditional KNN algorithm.