Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selecting Representative Days for Capturing the Implications of Integrating Intermittent Renewables in Generation Expansion Planning Problems

Due to computational restrictions, energy-system optimization models (ESOMs) and generation expansion planning models (GEPMs) frequently represent intraannual variations in demand and supply by using the data of a limited number of representative historical days. The vast majority of the current approaches to select a representative set of days relies on either simple heuristics or clustering algorithms and comparison of different approaches is restricted to different clustering algorithms. This paper contributes by: i) proposing criteria and metrics for evaluating representativeness, ii) providing a novel optimization-based approach to select a representative set of days, and iii) evaluating and comparing the developed approach to multiple approaches available from the literature. The developed optimization-based approach is shown to achieve more accurate results than the approaches available from the literature. As a consequence, by applying this approach to select a representative set of days, the accuracy of ESOMs/GEPMs can be improved without increasing the computational cost. The main disadvantage is that the approach is computationally costly and requires an implementation effort.
The Inhibition of Apoptosis in Myositis and in Normal Muscle Cells1

The mechanism of injury and death of muscle cells in the inflammatory myopathies (dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis) remains obscure. We and others have not detected apoptosis in the muscle biopsies from patients with myositis despite clear evidence of cell damage and loss. We provide evidence in this study that Fas ligand (FasL) as well as Fas is present on muscle cells and inflammatory cells in myositis biopsies: Fas is present on most muscle cells and lymphocytes, and FasL is present on degenerating muscle cells and many infiltrating mononuclear cells. The expression of both Fas and FasL in the inflamed tissue makes the absence of apoptosis more striking. To address the mechanisms of this resistance to classical apoptosis in muscle cells, we have investigated the expression of the antiapoptotic molecule FLICE (Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (FLIP) in muscle biopsies of myositis patients and in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Using laser capture microscopy, we have shown that FLIP is expressed in the muscle fibers and on infiltrating lymphocytes of myositis biopsies. Furthermore, we have shown that FLIP, but not Bcl-2, is expressed in cultured human skeletal muscle cells stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of FLIP with antisense oligonucleotides promotes significant cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase autoantigen, a sensitive indicator of apoptosis. These studies strongly suggest that the resistance of muscle to Fas-mediated apoptosis is due to the expression of FLIP in muscle cells in the inflammatory environment in myositis.
Mice lacking cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase display a distinctive motor axonopathy

Objective: To characterize the motor neuron dysfunction in two models by performing physiologic and morphometric studies. Background: Mutations in the gene encoding cytosolic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) account for 25% of familial ALS (FALS). Transgenes with these mutations produce a pattern of lower motor neuron degeneration similar to that seen in patients with FALS. In contrast, mice lacking SOD1 develop subtle motor symptoms by approximately 6 months of age. Methods: Physiologic measurements, including motor conduction and motor unit estimation, were analyzed in normal mice, mice bearing the human transgene for FALS (mFALS mice), and knockout mice deficient in SOD1 (SOD1-KO). In addition, morphometric analysis was performed on the spinal cords of SOD1-KO and normal mice. Results: In mFALS mice, the motor unit number in the distal hind limb declined before behavioral abnormalities appeared, and motor unit size increased. Compound motor action potential amplitude and distal motor latency remained normal until later in the disease. In SOD1-KO mice, motor unit numbers were reduced early but declined slowly with age. In contrast with the mFALS mice, SOD1-KO mice demonstrated only a modest increase in motor unit size. Morphometric analysis of the spinal cords from normal and SOD1-KO mice showed no significant differences in the number and size of motor neurons. Conclusions: The physiologic abnormalities in mFALS mice resemble those in human ALS. SOD1-deficient mice exhibit a qualitatively different pattern of motor unit remodeling that suggests that axonal sprouting and reinnervation of denervated muscle fibers are functionally impaired in the absence of SOD1.
Xenobiotic and folate pathway gene polymorphisms and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Javanese children

Xenobiotic and folate metabolic pathways are important for the maintenance of genetic stability and may influence susceptibility to the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). In this study, we investigated 10 polymorphisms in 6 genes (GSTM1‐present/null, GSTT1‐present/null, GSTP1 1578A > G, NQO1 609C > T, MTHFR 677C > T, MTHFR 1298A > C, MTHFD1 1958G > A, 3′‐TYMS 1494 6bp‐deletion/insertion, 5′‐TYMS 28bp‐tandem repeats, and SLC19A1 80G > A) in a cohort of 185 Javanese children with ALL and 177 healthy controls. In ALL patients, none of the polymorphisms demonstrated a statistically significant association with ALL after correcting for multiple comparisons. Gender‐stratified analysis showed that in girls, GSTT1‐null genotype was associated with increased ALL risk (OR = 2.20; p = 0.027), while GSTP1 1578AG genotype was associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.43; p = 0.031). Strong linkage disequilibrium between the MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms was observed (D′ = 1.0; r2 = 0.072). The haplotypes 677C‐1298C and 677T‐1298A were associated with a reduced risk of ALL (OR = 0.68 and 0.64, respectively; gender‐adjusted global p = 0.028). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was employed to identify potential high‐order gene‐gene interactions and cluster subjects into susceptibility groups. SLC19A1 80G > A emerged as the predominant polymorphism associated with risk of ALL. Individuals simultaneously carrying MTHFR 1298AA, 3'‐TYMS 6bp deletion(s) and SLC19A1 80A‐allele(s) were at higher disease risk (OR = 2.21; p < 0.001). On the contrary, simultaneous possession of MTHFR 1298CC, 3'‐TYMS 6bp homozygosity and SLC19A1 80A‐allele(s) conferred lower risk (OR = 0.25; p = 0.004). Carriage of NQO1 609C‐allele amongst SLC19A1 80GG genotype was associated with lower risk (OR = 0.47; p = 0.003). In conclusion, our study has demonstrated the importance of gender and gene‐gene interaction within the xenobiotic and folate pathways in modulating childhood ALL susceptibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instability and internet design

Instability unpredictable but constant change in one’s environment and the means with which one deals with it has replaced convergence as the focal problem for telecommunications policy in general and internet policy in particular. Those who designed what we now call the internet during the first decade of the effort (1969-1979), who in essence served simultaneously as its policy-makers, developed techniques for coping with instability of value for network designers today and for those involved with any kind of large-scale sociotechnical infrastructure. Analysis of the technical document series that was medium for and record of that design process reveals coping techniques that began with defining the problem and went on to include conceptual labour, social practices, and technical approaches.
A gene-constrained genetic algorithm for solving shortest path problem

In this paper, a gene-constrained genetic algorithm (G-C GA) to solve shortest path problem is proposed. In this genetic algorithm (GA), gene is constrained to ensure that each chromosome represents a feasible path without loop during the whole process of search. Contrasting with other genetic algorithm for SP problem, our algorithm can improve the searching capacity with a more accurate solution and more rapid speed of convergence. The G-C GA is more general and flexible no matter in a directed graph or in an undirected graph and it provides the foundation for more complicated shortest path problems.
Optimal home SBP targets for preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: Home blood pressure control can reduce the risk of increased urinary albumin excretion in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the optimal home blood pressure targets to prevent the onset or progression of diabetic nephropathy are not well defined. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 851 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the correlations of home SBP levels with progression of diabetic nephropathy. Results: During the follow-up of 2 years, 86 patients had progression of diabetic nephropathy. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with morning SBP of 120–129 mmHg [2.725 (1.074–6.917), P = 0.035], 130–139 mmHg [3.703 (1.519–9.031), P = 0.004] and in those with morning SBP equal or more than 140 mmHg [2.994 (1.182–7.581), P = 0.021] were significantly higher than that in those with morning SBP less than 120 mmHg in multiple logistic analyses. Conclusion: The preferable morning SBP targets might be less than 120 mmHg for preventing the onset or progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Centralized registration, prophylactic examination, and treatment results in improved prognosis in familial adenomatous polyposis. Results from the Danish Polyposis Register.

BACKGROUND Over the last few decades numerous regional and national registers have been established all over the world with the aim of improving survival in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The Danish Polyposis Register was founded in 1971 and coordinates the screening and subsequent prophylactic colectomy of FAP patients. METHODS The crude cumulative survival in 321 patients (205 probands and 116 call-up cases) with verified FAP was calculated in accordance with the life-table method. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis of FAP only 2 of 116 (2%) had colorectal cancer versus 142 of 205 probands (69%). The 10-year cumulative survival was 94% (95% confidence limits, 89-99) in call-up cases compared with only 41% (34-49) in probands (p < 0.00001), and survival improved significantly (p < 0.00001) after the establishment of the Danish Polyposis Register. CONCLUSION The establishment of a centralized polyposis register has resulted in a substantial improvement of the prognosis in FAP.
Clinimetric Dilemmas in Outcome Scales for Mental Disorders

covered the outcome measure of patients with ordinary mental disorders. It was expected that the DSM-5 [7] would adopt the self-reported SCL-90 and the clinician-reported HAM-D, HAM-A, and BPRS [8] , but the editors of the DSM-5 found that the dimensional approach was too complicated, probably due to a lack of clinimetric understanding. Another dimensional instrument was also seriously considered by the editors of the DSM-5, namely the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), according to Greenberg [9] . The US National Institute of Health lay behind the PROMIS in an attempt to provide access to health outcomes in both somatic disorders and mental disorders, including psychosomatic disorders. PROMIS covers 5 health domains: physical functioning, social functioning, emotional distress, pain, and fatigue. The items are selected from these domain banks. For example, in the domain of emotional distress items measuring anxiety and depression are to be found in a bank from which the researcher can select items ordered according to the severity location of the dimension under measurement. This ordering of severity is based on clinimetric item response theory models [10] . However, the editors of the DSM-5 rejected PROMIS due to lack of sufficient evidence [9] . Another candidate for health outcome measures of somatic and mental disorders was developed by the International Consortium for In the mid-1950s, before the era of psychopharmacological drugs, Parloff et al. [1] designed an outcome scale by which all neurotic patients and all forms of psychotherapy could be clinimetrically compared. The items in this Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL) were selected to measure both bodily and mental distress, covering the symptoms people presented when seeking help at the outpatient clinic for psychotherapy at the University Hospital in Baltimore. In its original version the SCL contained 41 items (SCL-41). These were published by Bech [2] with permission from Jerry Frank. Over the 2 decades from 1954 to 1973 the SCL was enlarged to cover states of phobia, obsessive-compulsive states, depression, anxiety, and panic. The ultimate version, SCL-90 [3] , thus covered the psychopathological symptoms of the ordinary mental disorders (anxiety, depression, mania, and schizophrenia) but still had as its basic structure bodily distress or somatization, and emotional distress or interpersonal sensitivity. At the start of the psychopharmacological era in the 1960s, clinician-rated scales were preferred, as these were seen as fulfilling the requirements of the authorities for approval of the new antianxiety, antidepressant, or antipsychotic drugs. In this respect two Hamilton scales were developed – the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) [4] and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) [5] – as well as the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [6] that Received: July 1, 2016 Accepted after revision: July 29, 2016 Published online: October 15, 2016
Growth Ring Formation in the Starch Granules of Potato Tubers1

Starch granules from higher plants contain alternating zones of semicrystalline and amorphous material known as growth rings. The regulation of growth ring formation is not understood. We provide several independent lines of evidence that growth ring formation in the starch granules of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers is not under diurnal control. Ring formation is not abolished by growth in constant conditions, and ring periodicity and appearance are relatively unaffected by a change from a 24-h to a 40-h photoperiod, and by alterations in substrate supply to the tuber that are known to affect the diurnal pattern of tuber starch synthesis. Some, but not all, of the features of ring formation are consistent with the involvement of a circadian rhythm. Such a rhythm might operate by changing the relative activities of starch-synthesizing enzymes: Growth ring formation is disrupted in tubers with reduced activity of a major isoform of starch synthase. We suggest that physical as well as biological mechanisms may contribute to the control of ring formation, and that a complex interplay of several factors may by involved.
Engineered nanomaterial risk. Lessons learnt from completed nanotoxicology studies: potential solutions to current and future challenges

PARTICLE_RISK was one of the first multidisciplinary projects funded by the European Commission’s Framework Programme that was responsible for evaluating the implications of nanomaterial (NM) exposure on human health. This project was the basis for this review which identifies the challenges that exist within the assessment of NM risk. We have retrospectively reflected on the findings of completed nanotoxicology studies to consider what progress and advances have been made within the risk assessment of NMs, as well as discussing the direction that nanotoxicology research is taking and identifying the limitations and failings of existing research. We have reflected on what commonly encountered challenges exist and explored how these issues may be resolved. In particular, the following is discussed (i) NM selection (ii) NM physico-chemical characterisation; (iii) NM dispersion; (iv) selection of relevant doses and concentrations; (v) identification of relevant models, target sites and endpoints; (vi) development of alternatives to animal testing; and (vii) NM risk assessment. These knowledge gaps are relatively well recognised by the scientific community and recommendations as to how they may be overcome in the future are provided. It is hoped that this will help develop better defined hypothesis driven research in the future that will enable comprehensive risk assessments to be conducted for NMs. Importantly, the nanotoxicology community has responded and adapted to advances in knowledge over recent years to improve the approaches used to assess NM hazard, exposure and risk. It is vital to learn from existing information provided by ongoing or completed studies to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort, and to offer guidance on aspects of the experimental design that should be carefully considered prior to the start of a new study.
POOR RESOURCES, RICH COMMUNICATION: PUBLIC RELATION STRATEGIES BY FOUR REFUGEE ADVOCACY ORGANISATIONS IN AUSTRALIA

This paper examines the public relation strategies of four refugee advocacy organisations – the Refugee Council of Australia (RCA), Australian Refugee Rights Alliance (ARRA), A Just Australia (AJA) and Rural Australia for Refugees (RAR) – in the period 2001-2005, during which an invigorated refugee rights movement managed to turn the public opinion in Australia in favour to detained refugees and facilitate the government’s decision to release children and their families from the detention centres. Identified and discussed are the distinctive strategies of each organisation. RCA was mostly influential through internal consultancy and advice to the government. ARRA exercised public diplomacy by direct lobbying to UN based on academic research. AJA
Anticoagulation for thrombosis prophylaxis in cancer patients with central venous catheters.

BACKGROUND Central venous catheter (CVC) placement increases the risk of thrombosis in cancer patients. Thrombosis often necessitates the removal of the CVC, resulting in treatment delays and thrombosis related morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in reducing venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in cancer patients with CVC. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search for studies of anticoagulation in cancer patients up to January 2006 was conducted in the following databases: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), vitamin K antagonists (VKA), fondaparinux or ximelagatran to no intervention or placebo in cancer patients with a CVC or comparing two different anticoagulants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data was extracted on methodological quality, patients, interventions and outcomes including all cause mortality (primary outcome), premature CVC removal, catheter-related infections, CVC site and non CVC site deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), major and minor bleeding and thrombocytopenia. MAIN RESULTS Of 3986 identified citations nine RCTs were included in the meta-analysis including one published as an abstract and one focusing on paediatric patients not included in the meta-analysis. None of these RCTs tested fondaparinux or ximelagatran. The use of heparin in cancer patients with CVC was associated with a trend towards a reduction in symptomatic DVT (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.43; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.18 to 1.06), but the data did not show any statistically significant effect on mortality (RR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.36), infection (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.36 to 2.28), major bleeding (RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.10 to 4.78) or thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.46). The effect warfarin on symptomatic DVT was not statistically significant (RR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.27). When studies assessing different types of anticoagulants were pooled, symptomatic DVT rates were significantly reduced (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.92). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients with CVC considering anticoagulation, should consider the possible benefit of reduced incidence of thromboembolic complications with the burden and harms of anticoagulation. Future studies should be adequately powered and evaluate the effects of newer anticoagulants such as fondaparinux and ximelagatran in cancer patients with CVC.
An exploration of the progress of open crime data: how do ongoing limitations with the Police.uk website restrict a comprehensive understanding of recorded crime?

ABSTRACT Open-source crime data provided by the Police.uk website was introduced in 2008. This provision challenged what had been termed a ‘top down’ political culture and was introduced to help increase government transparency and accountability. We examine these concepts here and outline some of the significant developments over the last decade related to the information contained within the Police.uk resource. Our focus then moves towards limitations of the data set provided, some of which are as pervasive today as they were when this online data source was first introduced. We explore whether these drawbacks are irresolvable and consider the practical implications they will have when this open data set is utilised by members of the public and researchers. Ultimately, we give an assessment of the efficacy of this source of information for the user within the context of the government rhetoric which accompanied it.
Identification of CCR2‐binding features in Cytl1 by a CCL2‐like chemokine model

Chemokines are small secreted proteins that play an important role in immune responses and have also been shown to be involved in cartilage development and contributing to pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. They present a conserved 3D structure, so‐called IL8‐like chemokine fold, which is supported by conserved cysteines forming intra‐molecular disulfide bonds. These cysteine sequence motifs have often been used to find new chemokine family members by sequence‐based database searches. However, it has been shown that different patterns can provide disulfide bonds fitting into an IL8‐like architecture, which has been the key to identify new remote homologues of the IL8‐like chemokine family. We report a structural–functional characterization of cytokine‐like protein 1 (Cytl1) by a combination of different computational structure‐based techniques. Previous studies based on sequence analysis and secondary structure predictions reported that Cytl1 might adopt a 4‐helical cytokine fold. However, our detailed molecular modeling studies and structure‐based functional analysis strongly suggest that Cytl1 is more likely to adopt an IL8‐like chemokine fold, in particular similar to CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MCP‐1). Moreover, we identify in a CCL2‐like 3D model of Cytl1 the necessary reported features to signal through the chemokine receptor CCR2. Those discovered structural features of Cytl1 as CCL2‐like chemokine, together with the fact that both, CCL2 and Cytl1, are known to be involved in cartilage development and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, make us hypothesize that Cytl1 could be a structurally and functionally related analog of CCL2 signaling through the chemokine receptor CCR2. Proteins 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.