Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Science Knowledge and Induced Institutional Innovation: An Institutional Design Perspective

In this paper I advance a model in which institutional innovation is induced by changes in resource endowments, cultural endowments and technical change. I also introduce the role of advances in social science knowledge as a source of institutional innovation. The sources of institutional innovation are illustrated by changes in land tenure and labor relations in Philippine agriculture, by the development of institutional design principles based on studies of small scale resource management, and by the transition from command and control to market based systems of resource management at the national level in the United States. In a final section I elaborate a pattern model that maps the general equilibrium relationship among change in resource endowments, cultural endowments, technology and institutions.
NG2 and Olig2 Expression Provides Evidence for Phenotypic Deregulation of Cultured Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Neural Precursor Cells

Neural stem cells cultured with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/epidermal growth factor (EGF) generate clonal expansions called neurospheres (NS), which are widely used for therapy in animal models. However, their cellular composition is still poorly defined. Here, we report that NS derived from several embryonic and adult central nervous system (CNS) regions are composed mainly of remarkable cells coexpressing radial glia markers (BLBP, RC2, GLAST), oligodendrogenic/neurogenic factors (Mash1, Olig2, Nkx2.2), and markers that in vivo are typical of the oligodendrocyte lineage (NG2, A2B5, PDGFR‐α). On NS differentiation, the latter remain mostly expressed in neurons, together with Olig2 and Mash1. Using cytometry, we show that in growing NS the small population of multipotential self‐renewing NS‐forming cells are A2B5+ and NG2+. Additionally, we demonstrate that these NS‐forming cells in the embryonic spinal cord were initially NG2− and rapidly acquired NG2 in vitro. NG2 and Olig2 were found to be rapidly induced by cell culture conditions in spinal cord neural precursor cells. Olig2 expression was also induced in astrocytes and embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS) cells in culture after EGF/FGF treatment. These data provide new evidence for profound phenotypic modifications in CNS and PNS neural precursor cells induced by culture conditions.
Human beta cells are exceedingly resistant to streptozotocin in vivo.

Streptozotocin (STZ) causes beta cell death in rodents via the mechanism of DNA damage precipitating poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activation followed by lethal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion. It is unclear whether humans are susceptible to this mechanism. Islets were isolated from STZ-sensitive (CD1 mice and Lewis rats) and resistant [fish (tilapia)] species and from man and then were transplanted into diabetic nude mice under the kidney capsule. Normoglycemic recipients with normal glucose tolerance tests on d 30 were injected with increasing iv doses of STZ and their plasma glucose levels followed for 5 d; glucose tolerance tests were repeated on nondiabetic mice. Mice were then killed; grafts and native pancreata were examined. Based upon three criteria (i.e. nonfasting plasma glucose levels, glucose tolerance tests, and islet histology), the following observations were made: 1) Recipients of rat islets were resistant to 25 mg/kg but were uniformly diabetic at doses of 50 or 75 mg/kg. 2) Recipients of mouse islets were resistant to 75 mg/kg but were uniformly diabetic at 150 or 200 mg/kg. 3) Recipients of the fish islets were resistant to 300, 400, and 450 mg/kg. 4) Recipients of human islets were resistant to 100, 200, 300, 400, and 450 mg/kg. The results in recipient mice bearing long-term rat, mouse, or fish islet grafts were the same as previously published dose-response data for each donor species. We extrapolate from our results based on human islet grafts in mice that human beta cells are exceedingly resistant to STZ.
Visual Saliency Improves Autonomous Visual Search

Visual search for a specific object in an unknown environment by autonomous robots is a complex task. The key challenge is to locate the object of interest while minimizing the cost of search in terms of time or energy consumption. Given the impracticality of examining all possible views of the search environment, recent studies suggest the use of attentive processes to optimize visual search. In this paper, we describe a method of visual search that exploits the use of attention in the form of a saliency map. This map is used to update the probability distribution of which areas to examine next, increasing the utility of spatial volumes where objects consistent with the target's visual saliency are observed. We present experimental results on a mobile robot and conclude that our method improves the process of visual search in terms of reducing the time and number of actions to be performed to complete the process.
Integrating user preferences with particle swarms for multi-objective optimization

This paper proposes a method to use reference points as preferences to guide a particle swarm algorithm to search towards preferred regions of the Pareto front. A decision maker can provide several reference points, specify the extent of the spread of solutions on the Pareto front as desired, or include any bias between the objectives as preferences within a single execution. We incorporate the reference point method into two multi-objective particle swarm algorithms, the non-dominated sorting PSO, and the maximinPSO. This paper first demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed reference point based particle swarm algorithms, then compare the two algorithms using a hyper-volume metric. Both particle swarm algorithms are able to converge to the preferred regions of the Pareto front using several feasible or infeasible reference points.
Paraoxonase 1 as a Major Bioactivating Hydrolase for Olmesartan Medoxomil in Human Blood Circulation: Molecular Identification and Contribution to Plasma Metabolism

Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is a prodrug-type angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. The OM-hydrolyzing enzyme responsible for prodrug bioactivation was purified from human plasma through successive column chromatography and was molecularly identified through N-terminal amino acid sequencing, which resulted in a sequence of 20 amino acids identical to that of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Two recombinant allozymes of human PON1 (PON1192QQ and PON1192RR) were constructed and were clearly demonstrated to hydrolyze OM; hydrolysis by the latter allozyme was slightly faster than that by the former. In addition, we evaluated the contribution of PON1 to OM bioactivation in human plasma. Enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated that OM was hydrolyzed more effectively by the recombinant PON1 proteins than by purified albumin. The OM-hydrolyzing activities of the recombinant PON1 proteins and diluted plasma were greatly reduced in the absence of calcium ions. Immunoprecipitation with anti-PON1 IgG completely abolished the OM-hydrolyzing activity in human plasma, whereas the activity was partially inhibited with anti-albumin IgG. The distribution pattern of the OM-hydrolyzing activity in human serum lipoprotein fractions and lipoprotein-deficient serum was examined and showed that most of the OM-hydrolyzing activity was located in the high-density lipoprotein fraction, with which PON1 is closely associated. In conclusion, we identified PON1 as the OM-bioactivating hydrolase in human plasma on a molecular basis and demonstrated that PON1, but not albumin, plays a major role in OM bioactivation in human plasma.
Knowledge-based support for rapid software prototyping

The authors discusses the computer-aided prototyping system's knowledge base and shows how to apply expert-system technology to the software base management subsystem responsible for finding reusable software components with specified properties. She uses rapid prototyping techniques to allow the detection and correlation of requirement errors early in development. The goal is to automate support for analyzing new problem domains rather than automating the generation of many similar systems in well-understood problem domains. For this reason, the author addresses a general purpose computer-aided prototyping system rather than specialized application generators. The discussion focuses on retrieval strategies, declarative knowledge, and transformations. <<ETX>>
Transcriptional responses of Plasmodium falciparum to α-difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion

Abstract Polyamines are essential polycationic molecules involved in multiple cellular events, including cell differentiation, division and death. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis has been considered in diverse therapeutic strategies ranging from tumour suppressors to anti-parasitic agents. In the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) results in the arrest of schizogony due to polyamine depletion. However, the exact physiological role of the polyamines in the parasite is unknown. Here, we present results of the depletion of polyamines in the malaria parasite by α-difluoromethylornithine inhibition of ODC, as observed with differential transcriptome profiling. Upon depletion of their endogenous polyamines, the up- and downregulated parasite transcripts were selected with suppression subtractive hybridisation and differences were detected using blots or DNA microarrays. A direct linkage between polyamine depletion and the differential expression of two distinct transcripts was observed, indicating the existence of a transcriptional feedback response in the P. falciparum transcriptome upon drug challenge. The data presented provide input into the role of the polyamines in the cellular biology of P. falciparum and contribute towards the validation of polyamine biosynthesis as an antimalarial target.
Contoh Penggunaan "Anova" Satu Arah Dalam Bidang Kesehatan

Untuk menguji hipo­tesis apakah dari dua atau lebih populasi yang bebas mempunyai nilai rata-rata hi­tung yang sama atau tidak, digunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variances) satu arah yang biasa disebut sebagai ONEWAY ANOVA. Dengan demikian, metoda statis­tika ini sudah termasuk analisis "multivari­ate" tetapi terbatas hanya untuk menguji satu faktor saja. Di dalam ilmu Rancang­an Percobaan (Experimental Design), analisis ini dikenal pula sebagai RAL (Ran­cangan Acak Lengkap) atau "Compeletely Randomized Design".
Finite Element Simulation of Acoustic Attenuation Performance of Elliptical Muffler Chambers

A three-dimensional finite element analysis has been implemented to predict the transmission loss of an elliptic expansion chamber muffler for a given frequency range. Finite element models have been established by ANSYS 12.0. 1. Results obtained from the model were compared with both experimental data obtained from previous work of Gerges et al. [1] . Comparison showed an excellent agreement between modeling results and experimental data. Six muffler configurations of different major/minor axis ratios of elliptic expansion chamber (a/b), with equal chamber volume have been modeled. Results demonstrated the ability of FEM to represent the acoustic attenuation performance of acoustical muffler. It also showed the effect of (a/b) ratio on the cut-off frequency due to multidimensional modes propagation. The FEM results were interpreted in various muffler configurations to determine the relationship between the number of domes in transmission loss characteristic curve and (a/b) ratio.
Policy-Driven Adaptation of Protocol Stacks

Today's mobile applications need to execute in a wide range of heterogeneous devices that operate in different conditions. In this context, dynamic adaptation of the underlying communication support is fundamental to achieve adequate performance. We address the problem of supporting dynamic adaptation of communication protocol stacks through a policy-oriented approach, which promotes the separation of adaptation from protocol logic. In this paper, we provide an approach overview, and focus on the policy language and modeling primitives that allow to capture the adaptation requirements identified from the experience with Appia framework
webASR 2 - Improved Cloud Based Speech Technology

This paper presents the most recent developments of the webASR service (www.webasr.org), the world’s first web– based fully functioning automatic speech recognition platform for scientific use. Initially released in 2008, the functionalities of webASR have recently been expanded with 3 main goals in mind: Facilitate access through a RESTful architecture, that allows for easy use through either the web interface or an API; allow the use of input metadata when available by the user to improve system performance; and increase the coverage of available systems beyond speech recognition. Several new systems for transcription, diarisation, lightly supervised alignment and translation are currently available through webASR. The results in a series of well–known benchmarks (RT’09, IWSLT’12 and MGB’15 evaluations) show how these webASR systems provides state–of–the–art performances across these tasks
The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique

The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. By W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch; 1959. London: Methuen & Co. Limited. 8$f12″ × 5$f14″, pp. 252. Price: 30s. (English).
Mental slowing in relation to epilepsy and antiepileptic medication

Slowing of the central information‐processing speed (CIPS) is frequently observed in epilepsy as a consequence of epileptic seizures and/or antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A variety of neuropsychological tests are used to asses this ‘mental slowing,’ but it is highly questionable whether the different tasks measure the same cognitive process. Also, it remains unspecified to which degree the various tasks are sensitive to seizure‐ or treatment‐related factors, or both.
Data Mining Applications for Fraud Detection in Securities Market

This paper presents an overview of fraud detection in securities market as well as a comprehensive literature review of data mining methods that are used to address the issue. We identify the best practices that are based on data mining methods for detecting known fraudulent patterns and discovering new predatory strategies. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges faced in the development and implementation of data mining systems for detecting market manipulation in securities market and we provide recommendation for future research works accordingly.
GPR3 Receptor, a Novel Actor in the Emotional-Like Responses

GPR3 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor endowed with constitutive Gs signaling activity, which is expressed broadly in the central nervous system, with maximal expression in the habenula. We investigated the consequences of its genetic deletion in several behavioral paradigms and on neurotransmission. Compared to wild-type, hippocampal neurons from Gpr3−/− mice displayed lower basal intracellular cAMP levels, consistent with the strong constitutive activity of GPR3 in transiently transfected cells. Behavioral analyses revealed that Gpr3−/− mice exhibited a high level of avoidance of novel and unfamiliar environment, associated with increased stress reactivity in behavioral despair paradigms and aggressive behavior in the resident-intruder test. On the contrary, no deficit was found in the learning ability to avoid an aversive event in active avoidance task. The reduced ability of Gpr3 −/− mice to cope with stress was unrelated to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with Gpr3−/− mice showing normal corticosterone production under basal or stressful conditions. In contrast, dramatic alterations of monoamine contents were found in hippocampus, hypothalamus and frontal cortex of Gpr3−/− mice. Our results establish a link between tonic stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway by GPR3 and control of neurotransmission by monoamines throughout the forebrain. GPR3 qualifies as a new player in the modulation of behavioral responses to stress and constitutes a novel promising pharmacological target for treatment of emotional disorders.
Validation of a new non-invasive portable tonometer for determining arterial pressure wave and pulse wave velocity: the PulsePen device

Objective To validate a new, small portable tonometer (PulsePen) that is able to assess carotid artery pressure and to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) non-invasively. Its software provides absolute arterial pressure values, an assessment of arterial pulse wave contours, an estimation of reflection waves and measurements of PWV. Design and methods Two validation studies were carried out. The aim of the first study was to compare arterial pressure values and pulse wave contours recorded in the carotid artery using the PulsePen versus intra-arterial simultaneous measurements in 10 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The pulse wave contour was assessed using Fourier analysis. The comparison between the two methods showed no difference in arterial pressure wave spectral moduli from harmonics 1 to 6. The second study compared PWV measurements taken with the PulsePen (one tonometer) and measurements performed with two Millar tonometers in 68 subjects (32 men, 36 women). PulsePen measurements were realized as two consecutive measurements in the carotid and femoral arteries, both synchronized by electrocardiogram. The pulse wave transit time was calculated as the difference between the time delay of the femoral pulse wave and the carotid pulse wave in relation to the R wave of the electrocardiogram. These measurements were compared with PWV obtained by simultaneous carotid and femoral measurements with the two Millar tonometers. No difference between the two methods was found, with a variation coefficient of 7.7%. The variation coefficients of the inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility for the PulsePen were 7.9 and 7.2%, respectively. Conclusions These results show that the PulsePen enables an easy and reliable evaluation of central arterial pressure and stiffness in clinical ambulatory practice, especially in high-risk patients in whom arterial stiffness has been shown to be a significant indicator of morbidity and mortality.
Performance Analysis with Power Factor Compensation of a 75 kW Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator Prototype

This paper presents an analysis of a 75 kW brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) prototype. Experimental results are presented for the prototype in the cascade mode that enables a comparison in terms of efficiency and power factor with an equivalent wound-rotor doubly fed induction generator. The generator's control system is based on vector control principles which enable to decouple active and reactive power control. The power flow in the two stator windings (power and control windings) and in the grid is analyzed with and without the reactive compensation capacitor bank in the grid using a MatLab/Simulink simulation model. Four cases were studied: (a) the reactive power compensation of the machine is realized only by the control-side converter; (b) the reactive power compensation is realized by both converters (control-side and grid-side converters); (c) the reactive power compensation of the machine is performed only by the control- side converter and a capacitor bank connected at the grid terminals and (d) the reactive power compensation is performed by both converters and a capacitor bank is connected at the grid terminals. The main advantage is obtained with the last case resulting in a significant improvement of the overall system efficiency.
Innovative Applications of O . R . Can international environmental cooperation be bought ?

In this paper a two-stage game of international environmental agreement formation with asymmetric countries is analytically solved. The equilibrium of the game makes it possible to determine the size and composition of a stable agreement. Two cases are studied. In the first case, countries differ only in abatement costs, while in the second case, they differ in environmental damages. In both cases, two different institutional settings, one without transfers and another with transfers, are considered. The results establish that the asymmetry assumption has no important effects on the scope of cooperation in comparison with the symmetric case if transfers are not used or abatement costs represent the only difference among countries. However, when the only difference is in environmental damages, the level of cooperation that can be bought through a self-financed transfer scheme increases with the degree of asymmetry. Ó 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A 2.4-GHz Energy-Efficient Transmitter for Wireless Medical Applications

A 2.4-GHz energy-efficient transmitter (TX) for wireless medical applications is presented in this paper. It consists of four blocks: a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer with a direct frequency presetting technique, a class-B power amplifier, a digital processor, and nonvolatile memory (NVM). The frequency presetting technique can accurately preset the carrier frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator and reduce the lock-in time of the PLL synthesizer, further increasing the data rate of communication with low power consumption. The digital processor automatically compensates preset frequency variation with process, voltage, and temperature. The NVM stores the presetting signals and calibration data so that the TX can avoid the repetitive calibration process and save the energy in practical applications. The design is implemented in 0.18- μm radio-frequency complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process and the active area is 1.3 mm 2. The TX achieves 0-dBm output power with a maximum data rate of 4 Mb/s/2 Mb/s and dissipates 2.7-mA/5.4-mA current from a 1.8-V power supply for on-off keying/frequency-shift keying modulation, respectively. The corresponding energy efficiency is 1.2 nJ/b·mW and 4.8 nJ/b· mW when normalized to the transmitting power.
Application of optical remote sensing imagery for detection of red tide algal blooms in Korean waters

The present study involves analyzing chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) from SeaWiFS data collected over the period 1998-2002 to better understand the spatial and temporal aspects of red tide algal blooms created by Cochlodinium polykrikoides species in the enclosed and semi-enclosed bays of the South Sea of Korea. NOAA-AVHRR data is analyzed for sea surface temperature (SST) to elucidate physical factors affecting these aspects and abundance of Cochlodinium.p blooms. The time series Chl-a give an impression that recent red tide events with higher concentrations appear to have spanned more than 8 weeks in summer and fall seasons and were widespread in most of the South Sea coastal bays and neighboring ocean waters. The Chl-a estimates from SeaWiFS data appeared to be useful in demonstrating spatial and temporal aspects of these blooms, but uniquely identification of Cochlodinium.p from non-bloom and sediment dominated waters remains ineffective with these data. Thus the classical techniques such as Forward Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) and Minimum Spectral Distance (MSD) are attempted on both low spatial resolution SeaWiFS ocean color image data and high spatial resolution Landsat-7 ETM+ data. In September 2000, when an exchange of water masses took place off the southeastern coast, dense and mixed phases of the Cochlodinium.p blooms were conspicuous in the spectrally transformed SeaWiFS image. The existence of these phases inferred from SeaWiFS imagery was verified with both the atmospherically corrected and in-situ radiance spectra collected from these regions. Findings show that the application of SeaWiFS to uniquely identify Cochlodinium.p bloom from mixed and turbid plume was not feasible, but it was very effective with Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery detecting intricate and filament-like patterns of the Cochlodinium.p blooms and its dynamics owing to numerous physical mechanisms as determined by sea surface temperature from AVHRR infrared data.