Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Mining of Security-sensitive Functions from Source Code

When dealing with the large-scale program, many automatic vulnerability mining techniques encounter such problems as path explosion, state explosion, and low efficiency. Decomposition of large-scale programs based on safety-sensitive functions helps solve the above problems. And manual identification of security-sensitive functions is a tedious task, especially for the large-scale program. This study proposes a method to mine security-sensitive functions the arguments of which need to be checked before they are called. Two argument-checking identification algorithms are proposed based on the analysis of two implementations of argument checking. Based on these algorithms, security-sensitive functions are detected based on the ratio of invocation instances the arguments of which have been protected to the total number of instances. The results of experiments on three well-known open-source projects show that the proposed method can outperform competing methods in the literature.
On Routing Optimization in Multi-Class Optical Burst Switching Networks

A class-aware routing scheme is proposed in this paper for OBS networks providing offset-time-based differentiated services (DiffServ). To unravel the structure of the routing problem, mathematical programming formulations are utilized. An optimization model for two-class OBS networks is presented and studied in particular. The objective is to minimize the burst loss probability over the entire network for both traffic classes. The effectiveness of the routing model is evaluated via illustrative examples based on programming techniques. Numerical results show that compared with traditional class-oblivious routing schemes, class-aware routing further reduces the burst loss probability of multiple classes especially when the network load is light or moderate.
Dynamic coating of SU‐8 microfluidic chips with phospholipid disks

In this work, PEG‐stabilized phosphatidylcholine lipid aggregates (disks), mimicking mammalian cell membranes, were introduced as a new biofouling resistant coating for SU‐8 polymer microchannels. A rapid and simple method was developed for immobilization of PEGylated phosphatidylcholine disks in microchannels. Microfluidic chips made from SU‐8, PDMS, or glass were dynamically coated with the PEGylated disks followed by characterization of their surface chemistry before and after coating. On the basis of the observed changes in EOF and nonspecific protein adsorption, the affinity of the PEGylated disks was shown to be particularly strong toward SU‐8. The PEG‐lipid coating enabled permanent change in EOF in SU‐8 microchannels with an initial value of 4.5×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1, decreasing to 2.1×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1 (immediately after modification), and, eventually, to 1.5×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1 (7 days after modification) for 9 mM sodium borate (pH 10.5) as BGE. As determined by the Wilhelmy plate measurements and microchip‐CE analysis of BSA, the PEG‐lipid coating also enabled efficient biofouling shield against protein adsorption, similar to that of low amounts of SDS (3.5 mM) or Tween‐20 (80 μM) as buffer additives. These results suggest that dynamically attached PEG‐lipid aggregates provide stable, biomimicking surface modification that efficiently reduces biofouling on SU‐8.
Collaborative and Assisted SKOS Generation and Management

Despite to the presence of many systems for developing and managing structured taxonomies and/or SKOS models for a given domain, the production and maintenance of these domain knowledge bases is still a very expensive and time consuming process. This paper proposes a solution for assisting expert users in the collaborative development and management of knowledge SKOS. The proposed solution accelerates the SKOS production by crawling and exploiting different kinds of sources (in multiple languages and with several insistencies among them). The proposed WEB based tool supports the experts in defining relationships among the most recurrent concepts reducing the time to SKOS production and allowing collaborative production. The solution has been developed for Open Mind Innovative Space project, with the aim of creating a portal to allow industries at posing semantic queries about potential competences in a large institution such as the University of Florence. Keywords-SKOS, Semantic Web, Skills Management System
Thermo-mechanical vibration, buckling, and bending of orthotropic graphene sheets based on nonlocal two-variable refined plate theory using finite difference method considering surface energy effects

In this article, the influence of temperature change on the vibration, buckling, and bending of orthotropic graphene sheets embedded in elastic media including surface energy and small-scale effects is investigated. To take into account the small-scale and surface energy effects, the nonlocal constitutive relations of Eringen and surface elasticity theory of Gurtin and Murdoch are used, respectively. Using Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations for bulk and surface of orthotropic nanoplate are derived using two-variable refined plate theory. Finite difference method is used to solve governing equations. The obtained results are verified with Navier’s method and validated results reported in the literature. The results demonstrated that for both isotropic and orthotropic material properties, by increasing the temperature changes, the degree of surface effects on the buckling and vibration of nanoplates could enhance at higher temperatures, while it would diminish at lower temperatures. In addition, the effects of surface and temperature changes on the buckling and vibration for isotropic material property are more noticeable than those of orthotropic. On the contrary, these results are totally reverse for bending problem.
Image Registration via Particle Movement

Though fluid model offers a good approach to nonrigid registration with large deformations, it suffers from the blurring artifacts introduced by the viscosity term. To overcome this drawback, we present an inviscid model expressed in a particle framework. Our idea is to simulate the template image as a set of particles moving towards the target positions. The proposed model can accommodate both small and large deformations with sharp edges and reasonable displacement maps achieved. Because of its simplicity, the computational cost is much smaller than other nonrigid registration approaches.
Investigation of carrier-induced defect behavior in p-type multicrystalline silicon

The underlying mechanism behind carrier-induced degradation in multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells remains unknown, however clues can be gained through studies of the behavior of the defect/s in response to different processing steps. Recently, surprisingly significant changes to the kinetics of the defect/s after low-temperature dark annealing have been observed for mc-Si PERC cells. In this study we apply the same processes to symmetrical lifetime test structures to validate that these changes to the kinetics are indeed caused by changes in the bulk of the wafers.
Cytometry in cell necrobiology revisited. Recent advances and new vistas

Over a decade has passed since publication of the last review on “Cytometry in cell necrobiology. ” During these years we have witnessed many substantial developments in the field of cell necrobiology such as remarkable advancements in cytometric technologies and improvements in analytical biochemistry. The latest innovative platforms such as laser scanning cytometry, multispectral imaging cytometry, spectroscopic cytometry, and microfluidic Lab‐on‐a‐Chip solutions rapidly emerge as highly advantageous tools in cell necrobiology studies. Furthermore, we have recently gained substantial knowledge on alternative cell demise modes such as caspase‐independent apoptosis‐like programmed cell death (PCD), autophagy, necrosis‐like PCD, or mitotic catastrophe, all with profound connotations to pathogenesis and treatment. Although detection of classical, caspase‐dependent apoptosis is still the major ground for the advancement of cytometric techniques, there is an increasing demand for novel analytical tools to rapidly quantify noncanonical modes of cell death. This review highlights the key developments warranting a renaissance and evolution of cytometric techniques in the field of cell necrobiology. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Proximally placed signal acquisition sensoric for robotic tissue tool interactions

Abstract Robotic surgeries are still limited with respect to the surgeon’s natural senses. The tactile sense is exceptional important in conventional clinical procedures. To identify critical structures inside the tissue, palpation is a commonly used technique in conventional open surgeries. The underlying organ or pathological structures conditions (healthy, abnormally hard or soft) can for example be localized and assessed through this process. Palpation needs a tactile sense; however, that is commonly not available or limited in robotic surgeries. The palpation need was already addressed by several research groups that integrated complex sensor-feedback-systems into prototype surgical instruments for robotic systems. We propose a new technique to acquire data of the tissue tool interaction of the surgical instruments. The structure borne transmission path is used to measure acoustic emission (AE) at the outpatient (proximal) end of the instruments with the help of different sensors attached to the surface of the surgical tool. Initial tests were performed using a microphone in combination with a stethoscope. This setup showed promising results and a more integrated prototype was subsequently designed. A piezoelectric charge accelerometer was used as vibration sensor and compared to a MEMS microphone. A signal acquisition system was developed to acquire signals from both sensors in parallel. The sensors were then attached onto the shaft of a daVinci Prograsp Forceps instrument. According to the surgery observation, a series of simulated experiments was conducted. The tip of the grasper was swiped manually over a human subject’s dorsal and palmar hand side, lateral side of neck and over the carotid artery. Additionally, contact with soft tissue and other instruments were evaluated since these are events of interest during surgery. Advanced signal processing techniques allowed the identification and characterization of significant events such as palpation dynamics, contact and pulsation. Signals acquired by the MEMS microphone showed the most promising results. This approach will now be used to build a prototype for further evaluation in a clinical setup. The paper presents the first results that show that this novel technique can provide valuable information about the tool-tissue interaction in robotic surgery that typically can only be obtained through advanced distal sensor systems or actual human touch.
A novel approach to model magneto-rheological dampers using EHM with a feed-forward neural network

This paper proposes a novel method for modelling magneto-rheological (MR) dampers. It uses an elementary hysteresis model (EHM) with a feed-forward neural network (FNN) to capture hysteresis characteristics of an MR damper, and another FNN to determine the current gain. These parts can be trained separately, thus reducing the size of the training dataset. The inputs of the proposed model include velocity, acceleration, and current to estimate the generated damping force. Unlike previous FNN models, this model does not require force sensor inputs. Simulation results show the high performance of the proposed EHM-based FNN when compared to conventional methods such as a recurrent neural network.
GENOTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF BOVINE PERICARDIUM TREATED WITH GLUTARALDEHYDE AND PRESERVED IN FORMALDEHYDE

Bovine pericardium is one of the most used biomaterial to manufacture living tissue implants as heart valves. To improve its shelf live the bovine pericardium requires glutaraldehyde fixation and preservants as formaldehyde. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests were used to measure the genome damage and the potential metabolic effect, respectively, by molecules released by a material. The studies were developed according to the guidelines of ISO 10993-5 and OECD-487. The natural biocompatibity of the bovine pericardium could be maintained diminishing the use of preservants which presented genotoxic and/or cytotoxic effects. For this reason, this study was performed to verify the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects of the components released from bovine pericardium preserved in formaldehyde. The cytotoxicity test was performed by a colorimetric method for determining the number of viable cells in proliferation. The same extract submitted to the micronucleus assay test showed to be genotoxic.
Caregivers' distress: youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders assessed via telemental health.

OBJECTIVE This article evaluates the additive effects of children's comorbid conditions with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in relation to caregivers' distress, in a clinical trial conducted through telemental health (TMH). METHODS The Children's ADHD Telemental Health Treatment Study (CATTS) is examining the effectiveness of treatment delivered via TMH for children with ADHD who are living in underserved communities. The CATTS trial recruited 223 children (μ=9.53±2.06 years) and their caregivers. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) were established with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. We took advantage of rich baseline data from the CATTS trial to investigate associations between caregivers' distress and children's comorbid mental health conditions. Caregivers' distress was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Parenting Stress Index, and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire. ANOVAs were used to compare children with ADHD alone with children having one comorbid condition (ODD or ADs) and children having two comorbid conditions (ODD and ADs). RESULTS Three quarters (75.3%) of participants met criteria for ODD and/or AD comorbid with ADHD: 24.7% had neither comorbidity; 47.5% had ODD or AD; and 27.8% had both ODD and AD comorbidities. The parents of children with multiple comorbid conditions experienced the highest levels of depression, stress, and burden of care. CONCLUSIONS The CATTS sample that was recruited from underserved communities provided evidence of additive effects of child psychiatric comorbidities with caregivers' distress, echoing earlier findings from the Multi-modal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study that was conducted with a metropolitan sample of youth. Results indicate that caregivers' distress should be addressed in developing treatment models for children with ADHD. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00830700 .
Single Cell Fate Mapping in Zebrafish

The ability to differentially label single cells has important implications in developmental biology. For instance, determining how hematopoietic, lymphatic, and blood vessel lineages arise in developing embryos requires fate mapping and lineage tracing of undifferentiated precursor cells. Recently, photoactivatable proteins which include: Eos1, 2, PAmCherry3, Kaede4-7, pKindling8, and KikGR9, 10 have received wide interest as cell tracing probes. The fluorescence spectrum of these photosensitive proteins can be easily converted with UV excitation, allowing a population of cells to be distinguished from adjacent ones. However, the photoefficiency of the activated protein may limit long-term cell tracking11. As an alternative to photoactivatable proteins, caged fluorescein-dextran has been widely used in embryo model systems7, 12-14. Traditionally, to uncage fluorescein-dextran, UV excitation from a fluorescence lamp house or a single photon UV laser has been used; however, such sources limit the spatial resolution of photoactivation. Here we report a protocol to fate map, lineage trace, and detect single labeled cells. Single cells in embryos injected with caged fluorescein-dextran are photoactivated with near-infrared laser pulses produced from a titanium sapphire femtosecond laser. This laser is customary in all two-photon confocal microscopes such as the LSM 510 META NLO microscope used in this paper. Since biological tissue is transparent to near-infrared irradiation15, the laser pulses can be focused deep within the embryo without uncaging cells above or below the selected focal plane. Therefore, non-linear two-photon absorption is induced only at the geometric focus to uncage fluorescein-dextran in a single cell. To detect the cell containing uncaged fluorescein-dextran, we describe a simple immunohistochemistry protocol16 to rapidly visualize the activated cell. The activation and detection protocol presented in this paper is versatile and can be applied to any model system. Note: The reagents used in this protocol can be found in the table appended at the end of the article.
Genetic Algorithms, Another Tool for Quad Mesh Optimization?

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to perform the finite element analysis mesh smoothing process. It is the goal of this paper to take a simple quadrilateral mesh and smooth it using a GA into a useful model that will provide a correct solution. The GA smoothing technique is demonstrated on two simple quadrilateral mesh examples. Only one node is moved at a time in the examples. A distortion metric is used to quantify the “goodness” of a quadrilateral element and serves as the fitness function for the GA. Other implementation details such as convergence criteria, population size, cross-over probability and mutation rate are discussed in the paper. Early results from the two simple check problems are presented. Finally, planned future work is outlined and possible GA smoothing applications are discussed.
Multiuser Diversity for Antenna Optimal Combining in Interference-Limited Systems

This letter explores the benefit of exploiting multiuser diversity for improving the performance of antenna optimum combining in the interference-limited cellular system. The asymptotic achievable rate is derived to assess this improvement as well as to reveal the interaction of multiuser diversity and optimum combining. For the overloaded case where the number of antennas is insufficient to suppress all the impact of interferers, it is shown that multiuser diversity considerably improves the achievable rate. For the underloaded case where the number of interferers is smaller than that of antennas, multiuser diversity can also provide additional rate increments so that it is possible to use a fewer number of antennas for optimum combining without sacrificing the system achievable rate.
Effect of Pressing Pressure on properties of Copper–10% Graphite Composites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Technique

Copper metal has excellent thermal and electrical properties. It is suitable to use in many applications but it possesses relatively high friction and wear rate, So this research aimed to improve the behavior of the wear and reduce friction as well as mechanical and physical properties through the preparation of composite material with a copper as a metal matrix reinforced with graphite who works solid lubricant for the purpose of use in many applications such as electric brushes, mechanical sliding bearings, and other applications that require excellent thermal and electrical conductivity as well as low wear behavior. Adoption of powder metallurgy technique used copper as the metal matrix with 99.7% purity and ( ≤ 63 μm) particle size reinforcing with graphite 99.8% purity and (≤ 63 μm) particle size to prepare the (Cu-10% graphite) composite, Since they were mixing the percentages of the samples in the mechanical blender for 30 min. and then pressed the mixing in cold uniaxial pressing at different pressure of (600,700,800,900,1000) MPa and sintering at 900 o C for one hour. The result has shown that both bulk and apparent density increasing with increase the amount of pressure. The true and apparent porosity decreasing with increasing the pressure. This study found that the water absorption proportional with porosity and ranged between 0.711% and 0.28%. Also this result appeared the composite hardness proportional with increases the pressure Which in working to reduce wear rate. The microstructures used to promote and interpret the results. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.25130/tjes.24. 2017.15
A fast numerical method for finding the optimal threshold for image segmentation

In this paper, we propose a fast numerical algorithm for finding the optimal threshold for segmenting gray scale images. In the proposed method, several fuzzy entropy measures are introduced and the objective is to locate the gray level that possesses the minimum entropy. Instead of having to calculate the entropy for every gray level and determining the gray level where the entropy is minimum, the fixed point iteration (FPI) method is used to significantly speed up the process. In doing so, the optimal threshold may be quickly obtained within a few number of evaluations. To show the validity of our proposed algorithm, we test 7 types of fuzzy entropy measures on several images. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is much faster without loss of performance than the methods in earlier surveys.
Detection of the Third Heart Sound Based on Nonlinear Signal Decomposition and Time–Frequency Localization

This study presents a precise way to detect the third (S3) heart sound, which is recognized as an important indication of heart failure, based on nonlinear single decomposition and time- frequency localization. The detection of the S3 is obscured due to its significantly low energy and frequency. Even more, the detected S3 may be misunderstood as an abnormal second heart sound with a fixed split, which was not addressed in the literature. To detect such S3, the Hilbert vibration decomposition method is applied to decompose the heart sound into a certain number of subcomponents while intactly preserving the phase information. Thus, the time information of all of the decomposed components are unchanged, which further expedites the identification and localization of any module/section of a signal properly. Next, the proposed localization step is applied to the decomposed subcomponents by using smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution followed by the reassignment method. Finally, based on the positional information, the S3 is distinguished and confirmed by measuring time delays between the S2 and S3. In total, 82 sets of cardiac cycles collected from different databases including Texas Heart Institute database are examined for evaluation of the proposed method. The result analysis shows that the proposed method can detect the S3 correctly, even when the normalized temporal energy of S3 is larger than 0.16, and the frequency of those is larger than 34 Hz. In a performance analysis, the proposed method demonstrates that the accuracy rate of S3 detection is as high as 93.9%, which is significantly higher compared with the other methods. Such findings prove the robustness of the proposed idea for detecting substantially low-energized S3.