Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BitShred : Fast , Scalable Malware Triage ∗

The sheer volume of new malware found each day is enormous. Worse, current trends show the amount of malware is doubling each year. The large-scale volume has created a need for automated large-scale triage techniques. Typical triage tasks include clustering malware into families and finding the nearest neighbor to a given malware. In this paper we propose efficient techniques for largescale malware triage. At the core of our work is BitShred, a framework for data mining features extracted by existing per-sample malware analysis. BitShred uses a probabilistic data structure created through feature hashing for large-scale correlation that is agnostic to per-sample malware analysis. BitShred then defines a fast variant of the Jaccard similarity metric to compare malware feature sets. We also develop a distributed version of BitShred that is optimal: given 2x more hardware, we get 2x the performance. After clustering, BitShred can go one step further than previous similar work and also automatically discover semantic inter-family and inter-malware distinguishing features, based upon co-clustering techniques adapted to BitShred’s fingerprints. We have implemented and evaluated BitShred using two different per-sample analysis routines: one based upon static code reuse detection and one based upon dynamic behavior analysis. Our evaluation show BitShred’s probabilistic data structure and algorithms speed up typical malware triage tasks by up to three orders of magnitude and use up to 82x less memory, all with similar accuracy to previous approaches.
Mothers' reactions to their child's diagnosis: Relations with security of attachment

Presents a theoretical model based on attachment theory as a framework for understanding the processes involved in parents' resolution versus nonresolution of their reaction to receiving their child's diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The Reaction to Diagnosis Interview (RDI), a 15-min interview designed to assess parental resolution of a child's diagnosis, is described. To assess the validity of the RDI, 70 mothers of infant and preschool children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy were administered the RDI, and the security of each child's attachment to his or her mother was assessed using the Strange Situation. Results indicate that parental resolution versus nonresolution of the child's diagnosis is strongly associated with secure versus insecure child-parent attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the validity of the RDI, implications for clinical research and theory, and the potential use of the RDI as a clinical assessment procedure.
THE POLLS-A REVIEW PREELECTION SURVEY METHODOLOGY: DETAILS FROM EIGHT POLLING ORGANIZATIONS, 1988 AND 1992

D. STEPHEN voss is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Government of Harvard University. ANDREW GELMAN is assistant professor in the Department of Statistics in the University of California, Berkeley. GARY KING is professor in the Department of Government of Harvard University. They thank the following individuals for their openness and detailed assistance: David K. Krane and Robert Spanski of Louis Harris and Associates; Martin Frankel, a consultant for Louis Harris and statistian at Baruch College; Kathleen Frankovic, Bala Ramnath, and Marla Kaye of CBS; Sharon Warden of the Washington Post; Kristen Conrad of Chilton Research; Dale Kulp and Amy Starer of Marketing Systems Group, responsible for the GENESYS Sampling System; Steve Shaw of Media General; Kathy Walenczyk and Linda Piekarski of Survey Sampling, Inc.; Dan Soulas of ICR Survey Research Group; Bums W. Roper, Peter Case, and Brad Fay of the Roper Organization; Hal Quinley of Yankelovich; Jeff Alderman of ABC; Shari Weber of Gallup; and especially Gallup's Jack Ludwig, who weathered the inherent inefficiency of a trial run. They also thank Mark Lew and Cassie Hartzog for programming assistance; Bradley Palmquist, Dale Kulp, Roger Purves, Bob Groves, and anonymous reviewers for comments and corrections; and the National Science Foundation for grants SBR-9223637 (to Gelman and King), DMS-9457824 (to Gelman), and SBR-932121 (to King). Gary King also thanks the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation for a fellowship during which time this research was completed. E-mail addresses are Voss, dsvoss@isr.harvard.edu; Gelman, gelman@stat.berkeley. edu; King, gking@harvard.edu. 1. Most of these data are available through the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) or the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
p 27 Kip 1 Expression Is Associated with Clinical Outcome in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer : Multivariate Analysis 1

Few biological parameters have been shown to have a prognostic role in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. p27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and its loss may contribute to tumor progression. We determined whether p27 protein expression in advanced ovarian cancer could be associated with prognosis. p27 status was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections from primary tumors of 99 patients with stages III–IV ovarian carcinoma and was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological variables, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). p27 expression was detected in 47 (47%) of the 99 patients. p27 expression did not correlate with any of the classical clinicopathological parameters. Loss of p27 protein was significantly associated with a short TTP (P 5 0.0004) and decreased OS (P 5 0.0302). The 5-year TTP rate in p27-positive patients was 50% versus 11% in p27-negative patients. p27-positive cases showed a 5-year OS rate of 53% compared with 43% of p27-negative cases. In multivariate analysis, p27 expression was an independent predictor of progression of disease (P 5 0.0009) and survival (P 5 0.0032) when considered together with stage of disease, presence of ascites, and residual tumor at surgery. Loss of p27 conferred poor prognosis independently of proliferative index, as assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining. p27 immunoreactivity can be used to predict progression of disease and survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and therefore may represent a new prognostic marker.
A Preliminary Study of ADHD Symptoms and Correlates: Do Abused Children Differ from Nonabused Children?

ABSTRACT In this pilot study, differences in inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity as well as demographic factors were investigated in a community sample of 8- through 11-year-olds, approximately half of whom had experienced child abuse or neglect. Parents completed the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test, the SNAP-IV, the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey – Parent version, and additional questions. Abused children had more severe impulsivity and inattention, but not hyperactivity, symptoms. Abused boys and girls had a similar age of onset of symptoms, whereas nonabused girls had a much later age of onset than nonabused boys. ADHD is a significant problem among maltreated children. These data support large scale studies investigating possible differences in etiology, presentation, and treatment.
A possible role for acetylated intermediates in diaminopimelate and tabtoxinine-beta-lactam biosynthesis in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci BR2.024

The deduced product of an open reading frame (ORF3) located in the tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (T beta L) biosynthetic region of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci BR2.024 (BR2.024) has significant sequence homology to the dapD products of other bacteria. dapD encodes L-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate succinyl coenzyme A succinyltransferase (THDPA-ST), an enzyme in the diaminopimelate (DAP) and lysine biosynthetic pathway. Complementation studies, in vitro transcription-translation experiments, and enzymatic assays indicated that ORF3 encodes a product with THDPA-ST activity in Escherichia coli dapD mutant beta 274. However, a BR2.024 mutant with an insert in ORF3 was prototrophic, and only basal THDPA-ST activity was detected in extracts of both parent and mutant. This finding suggested that ORF3 was not required for DAP biosynthesis and that it did not encode a product with THDPA-ST activity. The results of enzymatic studies, indicating that BR2.024 uses acetylated intermediates for DAP biosynthesis, are consistent with the hypothesis that BR2.024 does not need THDPA-ST for DAP biosynthesis. The ORF3 mutant produced reduced levels of tabtoxin, indicating that ORF3 may have a role in T beta L biosynthesis. We have named the gene tabB and have proposed a possible function for the gene product.
A CMOS interface circuit for detection of 1.2 Gb/s RZ data

This CMOS interface circuit is used in a radar system that digitizes the reflected signal by a multi-gigahertz analog-to-digital converter (ADC) employing Josephson junctions, producing a return-to-zero (RZ) differential binary stream with 2 mV peak-to-peak amplitude at 1.2 Gb/s. The interface amplifies, detects, and demultiplexes the signal, generating a parallel output with 1 V/sub pp/ amplitude at 150 Mb/s so the subsequent digital signal processor can receive and process the data reliably.
An extractive supervised two-stage method for sentence compression

We present a new method that compresses sentences by removing words. In a first stage, it generates candidate compressions by removing branches from the source sentence's dependency tree using a Maximum Entropy classifier. In a second stage, it chooses the best among the candidate compressions using a Support Vector Machine Regression model. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance without requiring any manually written rules.
Evaluation of the training program for Greek Olympic education

The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the educational program’s training. The program used for this purpose was the Olympic Education Program, which has been implemented in Greek primary and secondary schools since 2000. First, the face validity of items was evaluated, second, the pool of the items selected was factor analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three‐factor solution with high internal consistency. The instrument, Professional Development Evaluation Form of the Olympic Education Program, consisted of three factors containing 21 items. The three factors obtained were “training”, “study groups”, and “total impression”. The results provide adequate psychometric support for the instrument. The questionnaire seems a promising tool for the evaluation of professional development procedures. Although the results were encouraging, further research would be very helpful in order to improve the instrument.
Children's and young people's experiences in various residential arrangements: a longitudinal study to evaluate criteria for custody and residence decision making

Summary The child's welfare or the child's best interest is, in many countries, the court's para mount consideration for determining custody and residence of a child after parental separation or divorce. This longitudinal study evaluates the custody criterion child's relationships and residence preferences. Based on a qualitative study design including interviews with children and parents, the experiences of 62 children of separated or divorced parents in various residential arrangements are analysed. The main findings are: (i) a residential arrangement in accordance with the child's relationships and resid ence preferences accords with the child's welfare and represents a positive living situ ation with loved people in the family and social environment; (ii) the personal relation ships of the child are in no way static, but demonstrate a noticeable dynamic as they change under the influence of internal and external factors. Therefore, a timely change of residence, which occurs in accordance with the changed emotional preferences of the child, is beneficial; (iii) a residential arrangement contrary to the child's relation ships and residence preferences represents for the child involved a difficult situation, which can lead to one of three different processes: adjustment, a trajectory of suffering or initiatives to change the living situation. This means that some children adjust,
In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Characterization of Peptoids as Antimicrobial Agents

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a global threat that has spurred the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimetics as novel anti-infective agents. While the bioavailability of AMPs is often reduced due to protease activity, the non-natural structure of AMP mimetics renders them robust to proteolytic degradation, thus offering a distinct advantage for their clinical application. We explore the therapeutic potential of N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, as AMP mimics using a multi-faceted approach that includes in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques. We report a new QSAR model that we developed based on 27 diverse peptoid sequences, which accurately correlates antimicrobial peptoid structure with antimicrobial activity. We have identified a number of peptoids that have potent, broad-spectrum in vitro activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. Lastly, using a murine model of invasive S. aureus infection, we demonstrate that one of the best candidate peptoids at 4 mg/kg significantly reduces with a two-log order the bacterial counts compared with saline-treated controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate the promising therapeutic potential of peptoids as antimicrobial agents.
P-P-N Based 10T SRAM Cell for Low-Leakage and Resilient Subthreshold Operation

SRAM has been under its renovation stage recently, aiming to withstand the ever-increasing process variation as well as to support ultra-low-power applications using even subthreshold supply voltages. We present in this paper a novel P-P-N-based 10T SRAM cell, in which the latch is formed essentially by a cross-coupled P-P-N inverter pair. This type of cell can operate at a voltage as low as 285 mV while still demonstrating high resilience to process variation. Its noise margin has been elevated in not only the hold state, but also the read operations. As compared to previous 10T SRAM cells, our cell excels in particular in two aspects: 1) ultra-low cell leakage, and 2) high immunity to the data-dependent bitline leakage. The second merit makes it especially suitable for an SRAM macro with long bitlines - a property often desirable in order to achieve high density. We have fabricated and validated its performance through a 16 Kb SRAM test chip using the UMC 90 nm process technology.
Reactive Inhibition As a Contributor to School Failure

lPreparation of this paper was supported by a contract with the U. S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, under the provisions of the cooperative research program. Center No. C-03, Contract OE 5-10-154. Since Eysenck (1957) theorized that a basic dimension of personality, extraversion-introversion, is a function of excitation-inhibition, there have been a number of attempts to explore the relationship of inhibitory potential to school achievement. The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical framework for such attempts, to examine briefly the results of selected studies, and to suggest implications for research and for practice. There is only incidental concern with reactive inhibition as a broad theoretical construct: the focus here is upon reactive inhibition as a contributor to school failure. THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Reactive inhibition was first incororated into learning theory and sysL t , atically explored by Hull (1943), although Pavlov (1927) had talked about “excitation” and “inhibition” somewhat earlier. Other writers have since used the term, but apparently with a certain amount of ambiguity. Hull’s reactive inhibition is a negative drive, akin to tissue injury, fatigue, or pain; i t is the accumulation of a performance decrement that results from the performance itself. It can be elicited experimentally, particularly under massed practice conditions, and is typically quantified by comparing performance immediately preceding and immediately following rest. Eysenck (1965, p. 34) refers to this as temporal inhibition and applies the term spatial inhibition t o the performance decrement produced by simultaneous action (distraction). Pavlov called the former internal and the latter external inhibition. In this discussion the term reactive inhibition is used in the Hullian sense. Eysenck’s personality dimension of extraversion-introversion is similar t o Hull’s reactive inhibition construct in
Public Attitudes toward Emerging Technologies

Previous studies on public attitudes toward emerging technologies have treated cognitive and affective influences on public opinion as distinct, with little attention to the possible interaction between the two. Directly addressing this issue, we argue that cognitive and affective factors not only have important separate effects on public attitudes but also work in tandem to produce effects. In particular, it may be that affective variables shape the impact of cognitions and vice versa. We use data from a national telephone survey to test this interactive model of decision making about emerging technologies. Our analyses show that emotional heuristics moderate the effect that knowledge about nanotechnology has on people's overall attitudes toward nanotechnology, with knowledge having a weaker effect on attitudes for people who do show strong emotional reactions to the topic. The implications of these findings for future research and policy making in this area are discussed.
Exertion interfaces: sports over a distance for social bonding and fun

An Exertion Interface is an interface that deliberately requires intense physical effort. Exertion Interfaces have applications in "Sports over a Distance", potentially capitalizing on the power of traditional physical sports in supporting social bonding. We designed, developed, and evaluated an Exertion Interface that allows people who are miles apart to play a physically exhausting ball game together. Players interact through a life-size video-conference screen using a regular soccer ball as an input device. The Exertion Interface users said that they got to know the other player better, had more fun, became better friends, and were happier with the transmitted audio and video quality, in comparison to those who played the same game using a non-exertion keyboard interface. These results suggest that an Exertion Interface, as compared to a traditional interface, offers increased opportunities for connecting people socially, especially when they have never met before.
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY INTEGRATED ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION MODULE

Background: There is a worldwide trend of change in Medical Education from subject-based towards system-based approach. Several reports from various medical universities all over the world indicate that system based integrated curriculum may be considered as one of the major reforms to prepare better physicians for the next century. The objective of this study was to design and implement a horizontally and vertically integrated module for endocrinology and reproduction (ENR). It also aimed to evaluate study and faculty satisfaction for the continuation of this module in the future. Methods: It was an observational study of six months duration carried out on second year Medical students of Shifa College of Medicine (SCM). A multidisciplinary ENR modular team comprising of 18 highly relevant team members, finalized the clinical cases, themes, relevant objectives, learning strategies, time table and assessment tools for this integrated module. Student and faculty feedback questionnaire was administered at the end of module. Results: Seventy-four percent of the students and 96% of the faculty agreed that integrated teaching is better than the traditional teaching. Eighty-six percent students responded that the integrated approach makes learning and understanding easy; 70% students agreed that there was well balanced horizontal and vertical integration and LGIS, SGDs and PBLs were complimenting each other. Seventy-five percent students and 86% faculty favoured the continuation of integrated approach in future. Conclusion: Mode of ENR module delivery was highly appreciated by the students and faculty. System based curricular delivery can be implemented successfully in undergraduate medical education.
Comments on the "Core Vector Machines: Fast SVM Training on Very Large Data Sets"

In a recently published paper in JMLR, Tsang et al. (2005) present an algorithm for SVM called Core Vector Machines (CVM) and illustrate its performances through comparisons with other SVM solvers. After reading the CVM paper we were surprised by some of the reported results. In order to clarify the matter, we decided to reproduce some of the experiments. It turns out that to some extent, our results contradict those reported. Reasons of these different behaviors are given through the analysis of the stopping criterion.
The Dynamics of Age and Sex in the Development of Mother–Infant Vocal Communication Between 3 and 11 Months

We followed the nondistressed vocalization dynamics of 30 mother–infant dyads observed in a naturalistic setting using multiple time points between 3 and 11 months to identify subtle relationships between age, sex and maternal behavior ending by 1 year of age with diverging trajectories of nondistressed vocalization. We observed no mean differences between boys and girls in frequency or duration of nondistressed vocalizations at any one time period. However, while these parameters were essentially static for boys, girls showed a quadratic developmental curve, declining in frequency and duration between 6 and 8 months and climbing above their early starting point by 9–11 months. Mothers of boys showed a linear decrease in the duration of their speech over the 9 months of our study. In contrast, mothers of girls showed quadratic patterns of ultimately increasing vocalization frequency and duration, over the months 3–11 of development. Finally, boys' and girls' vocalization contingent to maternal speech revealed no differences. Mothers of boys, however, did not change significantly over time, while mothers of girls showed an increase in contingent responsiveness from 3–5 months to 9–11 months and from 6–8 months to 9–11 months. A similar pattern was followed for object-related maternal vocal responses.
Identification of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein and Its Involvement in the Regulation of In Vivo-Induced Genes

ABSTRACT Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes a severe hemorrhagic pneumonia in swine. We have previously shown that the limitation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is a cue that induces the expression of a subset of A. pleuropneumoniae genes identified as specifically induced during infection of the natural host animal by using an in vivo expression technology screen. Leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is a global regulator and has been shown in Escherichia coli to regulate many genes, including genes involved in BCAA biosynthesis. We hypothesized that A. pleuropneumoniae contains a regulator similar to Lrp and that this protein is involved in the regulation of a subset of genes important during infection and recently shown to have increased expression in the absence of BCAAs. We report the identification of an A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 gene encoding a protein with similarity to amino acid sequence and functional domains of other reported Lrp proteins. We further show that purified A. pleuropneumoniae His6-Lrp binds in vitro to the A. pleuropneumoniae promoter regions for ilvI, antisense cps1AB, lrp, and nqr. A genetically defined A. pleuropneumoniae lrp mutant was constructed using an allelic replacement and sucrose counterselection method. Analysis of expression from the ilvI and antisense cps1AB promoters in wild-type, lrp mutant, and complemented lrp mutant strains indicated that Lrp is required for induction of expression of ilvI under BCAA limitation.