Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding, Sensitivity, and Attachment

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that breastfeeding is associated with enhanced infant-mother attachment and its antecedent maternal sensitivity. METHODS. Breastfeeding intent and practice were assessed by questionnaires administered to 152 mothers between 32 weeks of gestation and 12 months postpartum. Early maternal sensitivity was measured by the Sensitivity to Cues subscale of the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale at 3 months, and quality of the mother-infant interaction was measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale at 6 months. Security of attachment was evaluated by the Ainsworth Strange Situation at 12 months. RESULTS. A direct relationship between attachment security and breastfeeding practice was not identified. The quality of the mother-infant interaction at 6 months, rather than the type of feeding, predicted security of attachment. However, mothers who chose to breastfeed displayed greater sensitivity in dyadic interactions with their infants 3 months postnatally than those who chose to bottle feed, and intended breastfeeding duration prenatally correlated with sensitivity 3 months postpartum. Although a path analysis failed to demonstrate contributions of early breastfeeding duration to either sensitivity or security, it did substantiate a significant path between prenatal breastfeeding intent and attachment security mediated by sensitivity. In addition, multivariate analyses revealed that early sensitivity among breastfeeding mothers was an independent predictor of the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding during the first year. CONCLUSIONS. Although the quality of the dyadic interaction in infancy, rather than feeding type, is predictive of attachment security, mothers who choose to breastfeed display enhanced sensitivity during early infancy that, in turn, may foster secure attachment. Among breastfeeding mothers, higher sensitivity is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding during the first postpartum year. These findings suggest a link between attachment security and breastfeeding.
Experience with "link-up notification" over a mobile satellite link

Over paths characterized by extended outage periods, a TCP connection can suffer a severe performance penalty due to its Retransmission Timeout (RTO) backoff mechanism. If outages are long enough, the RTO can grow large enough to cause unacceptably long pauses when the link is eventually restored. One proposed solution is "Link-Up Notification" (LUN), which involves an intermediate device that can detect the link state. When the link is restored, the device immediately sends a packet that causes traffic to resume, terminating the TCP timeout. We have implemented a version of LUN that we call "kickstart. " A kickstart gateway buffers a packet from each connection and uses them to restart the connections when the channel is restored. Based on empirical data, we have built a mobile satellite channel emulator and demonstrated how the technique can effectively eliminate the pause in restarting a TCP flow once a blocked channel is reestablished. When conducting experiments with shorter channel outages and shorter TCP flows, a different picture emerges; in this case, while connection transfer times are not noticeably reduced by a kickstart gateway, the overall completion ratio of TCP connections is increased, as fewer connections are dropped due to exceeding the maximum number of retransmissions. Our experiments also exposed some problems in the Linux and FreeBSD end host TCP implementations that impair performance in such an environment. Correcting these problems improves success ratios still more, while having little positive effect on transfer times.
The Construct of Online Attention Dimension of Tourists to Economy Hotel in Xi’an ---The Exploration of the Grounded Theory

With the rapidly development of domestic tourism, the online reviews on hotels and tourism service are the most important source for tourists due to the network technology and online communication. Online reviews can have a significant influence on individual travelers as well as an impact on the competitive reality of the tourism sectors as a whole. Therefore, we had analyzed the tourist reviews about three famous economy hotels (i.e.HOME INN, Hanting Express, JINJIANG INN) in Xi’an from Ctrip.com, a major online travel agency in China by the Grounded Theory approach, and attempted to construct online attention dimension of tourists to economy hotels. The results of the analysis, constructed online attention into five major sections: surrounding factors (i.e. convenient transportation, shopping/entertainment, sensory distance), cost performance factors (i.e. room cleanness, price), service factors (i.e. service attitude, front office, breakfast, working efficiency), internal factors (i.e.facilities, internal decoration) and comfortable factors (i.e. cosiness, sweetness (togetherness)). As a result, this article is helpful to make the hotel management understand its advantages, and to make wisdom advise for individual travellers and economy hotels in the future. Index Terms Online Attention, Online Review, the Grounded Theory, Economy Hotel
The Poverty of Nations

political, social and economic problems of Asia, particularly of the Indian subcontinent. Vol. I starts with a long methodological introduction on a &dquo;modernization ideals&dquo;, goes on to survey the political problems of South Asian countries after independence and concludes with a general descriptive section on the economic conditions in South Asia. Vol. 11, which is the meatiest part of the book, largely consists of two main sections: a study of political ideas behind the drive for economic planning in Asia, with a critical study of the practice of economic planning in some of the South Asian countries; and a critical analysis of prevailing views on the problems of labour
THE C -ALGEBRAS OF ROW-FINITE GRAPHS

NSKI Abstract. We prove versions of the fundamental theorems about Cuntz-Krieger algebras for the C -algebras of row-finite graphs: directed graphs in which each vertex emits at most finitely many edges. Special cases of these results have previously been obtained using various powerful machines; our main point is that direct methods yield sharper results more easily. In the last few years various authors have considered analogues of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras associated to infinite directed graphs. In (12) and (11) these graph C -algebras were studied using a groupoid model and the deep results of Renault on the ideal structure of groupoid C -algebras; in (16) and (10) they were viewed as the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of appropriate Hilbert bimodules, as introduced in (15). Because of the technical requirements of these general theories, it has usually been assumed that the graphs are locally finite, in the sense that every vertex receives and emits at most finitely many edges, and that the graphs do not have sinks. However, it was pointed out in (11) that to make sense of the Cuntz-Krieger relations in a C -algebra, one merely needs to insist that the graph is row-finite: each vertex emits at most finitely many edges. Here we shall prove versions of the fundamental theorems about Cuntz-Krieger algebras for the C -algebras of row-finite graphs, and use them to give a new description of the primitive ideal spaces of graph C -algebras. We prove a uniqueness theorem like that of (7) whenever every loop has an exit (11), and find a parametrisation of the ideals like that of (6) and (9) whenever the graph satisfies Condition (K) of (12): every vertex lies on either no loops or at least two loops. Both theorems apply to graphs with sinks; this new generality is important because it has been shown in (18) that the Cuntz-Krieger algebras of all infinite graphs and matrices can be approximated by the algebras of finite graphs with sinks. Our description of the primitive ideal space applies to any row-finite graph satisfying Condition (K).
Effectiveness and Efficiency in Small Academic Peer Groups

What are the dynamics that affect a peer group, making one work more effectively and efficiently than another? What are some of the factors that influence peer group behavior to make some experiences positive and uplifting, whereas others are negative and frustrating? Using the case study method, the current research focuses on a small, academic peer group, during a particular period, in relation to group efficiency and effectiveness in achieving group goals. Issues the group encounters in the process of group work are documented and discussed by peer members and by a participant observer. The authors suggest that the contextual and affective processes associated with the study are not unique and can characterize group behavior in other peer situations. If this is the case, then the ability for such groups to monitor interactional behavior and recognize group problems before effectiveness and efficiency are greatly compromised may be a key factor for peer group success.
Activity of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) in Response to Carbendazim

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herb, used as a spice and traditionally as medicine. Fenugreek finds its uses in treating hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and disorders of gastro-intestinal and cardiovascular systems. Fenugreek cultivation in India is affected by fungal diseases like root-rot and damping-off and fungicides like carbendazim are used to overcome these infections. Fungicides play both positive and negative role in plants; fungicides protect plants from diseases and also exert oxidative stress simultaneously. This report is on the response of antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and catalase in fenugreek seeds and plants treated to different concentrations of carbendazim.
Classification of National Education Systems: A Multivariate Approach

Taxonomy occupies a key position in science, as raw data must be manipulated to research problems or test hypotheses. Because such raw data usually contain so much information, a classification procedure often is needed to make them comprehensible. Even a comparativist such as Bill Williamson, writing from a conflict paradigm (which tends to avoid taxonomies) suggests that "to make possible the scientific study of social reality it is necessary to reduce it to intelligible typological proportions. "' By summarizing data and thus rendering them into useful form, classification fulfills a generalizing function. Perhaps the most important value of classification systems is to permit inductive generalizations that enhance understanding, facilitate the formulation of hypotheses, guide further investigation, and aid theory building. According to William Brickman, Jullien's 1817 plan calling for the collection of data on national education systems by an international agency commonly is regarded as the beginning of comparative education.2 Since then, a variety of international organizations-including the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco), the International Studies in Education Achievement (IEA) surveys, and the International Bureau of Education (IBE)-have amassed a large store of data on national education systems, teaching, curriculum, and student learning outcomes in need of synthesis. The dearth of classificatory systems is a major deficiency in comparative education and represents an unfulfilled promise since the time of Jullien. Although Nicholas Hans stressed the role of classification in comparative science as early as 1949, taxonomy never took center stage in comparative education.3 This lack of classification systems has been identified by scholars such as Erwin Epstein-in his 1982 presidential address to the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES)-W. D.
Using a Queue to De-amortize Cuckoo Hashing in Hardware

Cuckoo hashing combines multiple-choice hashing with the power to move elements, providing hash tables with very high space utilization and low probability of overflow. However, inserting a new object into such a hash table can take substantial time, requiring many elements to be moved. While these events are rare and the amortized performance of these data structures is excellent, this shortcoming is unacceptable in many applications, particularly those involving hardware router implementations. We address this difficulty, focusing on the potential of content-addressable memories and queueing techniques to provide a de-amortization of cuckoo hashing suitable for hardware, and in particular for high-performance routers.
IPL at CLEF 2016 Medical Task

In this paper we present the image classification techniques performed by the IPL Group for the subfigure classification subtask of ImageCLEF 2016 Medical Task. For the visual representation of images, various state-of-the-art visual features, such as, Bag of Visual Words computed with pyramid-histogram of-visual-words descriptors and quadtree bag-of-colors were adopted. We present the results of our runs and our extensive experiments applying early or late fusion on the results obtained from a multi-class linear kernel support vector machine. Our top run was ranked 3rd among 34 runs.
Self-reported never-drinkers in England 1994-2003: characteristics and trends in adults aged 18-54 years.

AIMS This paper describes prevalences, time-trends and characteristics of self-reported never-drinkers, during the period 1994-2003, focussing particularly on white adults aged 18-54. METHODS Data on 122,809 adults (18 + ) were obtained from the Health Survey for England (HSfE). Logistic regressions were used to estimate time trends in self-reported never-drinking, and associations between never-drinking and living alone, and educational qualification. Analyses were stratified by gender, age group and period. RESULTS The overall proportion of white, female never-drinkers was 5.5%, rising monotonically with age. Proportions among men were much lower, with the lowest proportion (1.1%) in the 30-54 age group. Odds of never-drinking increased by 3% per year in those aged 30-54, a trend not explained by any covariates. Smaller increases were seen among those aged 18-29. Never-drinking was strongly associated with living with another adult and with lower qualification. The association with qualification increased over time among young women, and the association with living with another adult increased among men aged 30-54. CONCLUSIONS Never-drinkers are a significant minority in England, whose prevalence rose, between 1994 and 2003, among adults aged under 55 years. The prevalence varies considerably by age, sex, and social characteristics, and the social discrepancies in never-drinking appear to be widening.
Acculturative Stress and Acculturation A ttitudes Among Indian Immigran ts to the United Sta tes

The paper investigates the relationship between acculturation experience and accultura tive stress among a group of 76 Asian Indian immigrants living in mid-western United States using Berry et al. 's(1987) model. The most preferred acculturation attitude was found to be one of Integration. Acculturative stress had significant positive relationships with attitudes of Separation and Marginalisation but negative relation ship with Integration. Assimilation was found predictive of psychological stress, Separation of psychosomatic stress and Integration of overall stress. Results generally supported the postulated model.
Treatment of Chronic Elbow Tendinosis with Buffered Platelet-Rich Plasma

Background Elbow epicondylar tendinosis is a common problem that usually resolves with nonoperative treatments. When these measures fail, however, patients are interested in an alternative to surgical intervention. Hypothesis Treatment of chronic severe elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-rich plasma will reduce pain and increase function in patients considering surgery for their problem. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods One hundred forty patients with elbow epicondylar pain were evaluated in this study. All these patients were initially given a standardized physical therapy protocol and a variety of other nonoperative treatments. Twenty of these patients had significant persistent pain for a mean of 15 months (mean, 82 of 100; range, 60-100 of 100 on a visual analog pain scale), despite these interventions. All patients were considering surgery. This cohort of patients who had failed nonoperative treatment was then given either a single percutaneous injection of platelet-rich plasma (active group, n = 15) or bupivacaine (control group, n = 5). Results Eight weeks after the treatment, the platelet-rich plasma patients noted 60% improvement in their visual analog pain scores versus 16% improvement in control patients (P =. 001). Sixty percent (3 of 5) of the control subjects withdrew or sought other treatments after the 8-week period, preventing further direct analysis. Therefore, only the patients treated with platelet-rich plasma were available for continued evaluation. At 6 months, the patients treated with platelet-rich plasma noted 81% improvement in their visual analog pain scores (P =. 0001). At final follow-up (mean, 25.6 months; range, 12-38 months), the platelet-rich plasma patients reported 93% reduction in pain compared with before the treatment (P <. 0001). Conclusion Treatment of patients with chronic elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-rich plasma reduced pain significantly in this pilot investigation. Further evaluation of this novel treatment is warranted. Finally, platelet-rich plasma should be considered before surgical intervention.
Approximation Algorithms for k-Anonymity

We consider the problem of releasing a table containing personal records, while ensuring individual privacy and maintaining data integrity to the extent possible. One of the techniques proposed in the literature is k-anonymization. A release is considered k-anonymous if the information corresponding to any individual in the release cannot be distinguished from that of at least k-1 other individuals whose information also appears in the release. In order to achieve k-anonymization, some of the entries of the table are either suppressed or generalized (e.g. an Age value of 23 could be changed to the Age range 20-25). The goal is to lose as little information as possible while ensuring that the release is k-anonymous. This optimization problem is referred to as the k-Anonymity problem. We show that the k-Anonymity problem is NP-hard even when the attribute values are ternary and we are allowed only to suppress entries. On the positive side, we provide an O(k)-approximation algorithm for the problem. We also give improved positive results for the interesting cases with specific values of k --- in particular, we give a 1.5-approximation algorithm for the special case of 2-Anonymity, and a 2-approximation algorithm for 3-Anonymity.
Fairness Perceptions and Organizational Misbehavior: An Empirical Study

Employees evaluate the fairness or justice of their workplace: Does one get what one deserves at work? Organizational scholars consider perceived workplace fairness to be a relevant factor in predicting and explaining organizational misbehavior. For instance, Treviño and Weaver found in their study that the more employees perceive that their organization is just, the less they perceive their colleagues to be engaged in behavior that harms the organization. This hypothesis was retested with an alternative measure of organizational misbehavior in 19 Flemish governmental organizations, and confirmation was found. Moreover, the effect holds when controlling for integrity policy, leadership, tenure, and gender.
Urinary Glycosaminoglycans in Asthmatic Children in Relation to DiseaseControl by Inhaled Corticosteroids

Background: Chronic inflammation and airway remodeling are important characteristics of human asthma. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix in the airway wall contributes to airway remodeling in asthmatics. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides attached to a protein core to form proteoglycans, a component of the ECM. Objective and method: In this study, urinary GAGs levels of asthmatic children were investigated in relation to disease control and medication. Sixty asthmatic children (48 boys, 12 girls), aged 4-14 years, were recruited in the study; twenty were controlled asthma on inhaled fluticasone, twenty were uncontrolled asthma due to incompliance on inhaled fluticasone and twenty uncontrolled who were only on relief medications. Age and gender matched 20 healthy controls were also included. GAGs were precipitated from collected early morning urine samples, isolated and quantified then expressed in μg GAGs/mg creatinine/m2. Urinary GAGs levels were significantly lower among healthy controls than asthmatics (58.0 ± 31.0 and 98.1 ± 41.0 μg/mg creatinine/m2 respectively) with significant higher values in children on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) whether controlled or uncontrolled (113.3 ± 56.8 and 88.9 ± 49.7 μg/mg creatinine/m2 respectively) than asthmatics on relief medications (32.2 ± 23.5 μg/mg creatinine/m2). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between daily doses of inhaled fluticasone and urinary GAGs values. Conclusion: Urinary GAGs secretion is reduced in asthmatic children using only relief medication but it is increased in those on long-term treatment with ICS which plays an important role in preventing remodeling.
Differential Acclimation of Enzymatic Antioxidant Metabolism and Photosystem II Photochemistry in Tall Fescue under Drought and Heat and the Combined Stresses

Quality inferiority in cool-season turfgrass due to drought, heat, and a combination of both stresses is predicted to be more prevalent in the future. Understanding the various response to heat and drought stress will assist in the selection and breeding of tolerant grass varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of antioxidant metabolism and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in two tall fescue genotypes (PI 234881 and PI 578718) with various thermotolerance capacities. Wide variations were found between heat-tolerant PI 578718 and heat-sensitive PI 234881 for leaf relative water content, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage under drought, high-temperature or a combination of both stresses. The sensitivity of PI 234881 exposed to combined stresses was associated with lower superoxide dismutase activity and higher H2O2 accumulation than that in PI 578718. Various antioxidant enzymes displayed positive correlation with chlorophyll content, but negative with membrane injury index at most of the stages in both tall fescue genotypes. The JIP-test analysis in PI 578718 indicated a significant improvement in ABS/RC, TR0/RC, RE0/RC, RE0/ABS values as compared to the control regime, which indicated that PI 578718 had a high potential to protect the PSII system under drought and high temperature stress. And the PS II photochemistry in PI 234881 was damaged significantly compared with PI578718. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that heat and drought stresses deduced the gene expression of psbB and psbC, but induced the expression of psbA. These findings to some extent confirmed that the various adaptations of physiological traits may contribute to breeding in cold-season turfgrass in response to drought, high-temperature, and a combination of both stresses.