Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating distributions of potential outcomes using local instrumental variables with an application to changes in college enrollment and wage inequality

This paper extends the method of local instrumental variables developed by Heckman and Vytlacil (1999, 2001, 2005) to the estimation of not only means, but also distributions of potential outcomes. The newly developed method is illustrated by applying it to changes in college enrollment and wage inequality using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1979. Increases in college enrollment cause changes in the distribution of ability among college and high school graduates. This paper estimates a semiparametric selection model of schooling and wages to show that, for fixed skill prices, a 14% increase in college participation (analogous to the increase observed in the 1980s), reduces the college premium by 12% and increases the 90-10 percentile ratio among college graduates by 2%.
Iltifat, Grammatical Person Shift and Cohesion in the Holy Quran

While discourse analyses go back to the second half of 1950s, related researches in the rhetoric field represent initiative interestsâ€™ centuries before by Islamic rhetoricians. Among the topics â€œIltifatâ€ as the â€œgrammatical person shift in one or a sequence of sentencesâ€ has been quite controversial within the area; which considers the discourse participant shift among the speaker, addressee and absentee. Following a brief introduction to the topic of Iltifat, the present paper is aimed to present its common categories and sub-categories, and its importance from the point of discourse analysis, which is then followed by the consideration of possible defective results of the grammatical person shift on cohesiveness of Quran. In preparing the research 20 surahs of the holy book have been randomly selected, which have been analyzed on the basis of the application of an integrative approach of Halliday and Hasan (1976) and De Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) towards cohesion. As a result the research demonstrates the holy bookâ€™s cohesiveness and the high Quranic usage of reference and specifically personal reference within the grammatical person shift amongst all the cohesive elements that are studied in detail in the paper. The matter is presented together with the 8 resulted subdivisions of Iltifat in Quran on the basis of the research, as follows: grammatical person shift, number shift, person and number shift, number and gender shift, shift in the addressee, function shift, dual Iltifat and finally sequential Iltifat.
Market Orientation, Creativity, and New Product Performance in High-Technology Firms

The ability to generate and market creative ideas in new products (NPs) and related marketing programs (MPs) in response to changing market needs is key to the success of a firm. This research examines the mediating role of NP and MP creativity between market orientation and NP success. The authors investigate (1) whether market orientation facilitates or inhibits creativity, (2) whether creativity influences NP performance, and (3) how to define and measure creativity in the NP development and launch contexts. They use a two-stage sampling frame to collect 312 sets of responses from managers and NP team leaders and thereby address the potential for common method bias in measures of creativity and NP performance. The findings indicate that NP and MP creativity mediates the relationship between market orientation and NP success. The authors also show that the meaningfulness dimension, rather than the novelty dimension, of creativity is of greater importance in explaining the link between market orientation and NP success. The empirical results provide significant theoretical and managerial implications for NP strategy.
Prospective, Comparative Study of Postoperative Quality of Life in TEP, TAPP, and Modified Lichtenstein Repairs

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients undergoing laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP), transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP), or modified Lichtenstein (ML) hernia repairs. Methods:The International Hernia Mesh Registry (2007–2010) was interrogated. 2086 patients who underwent 2499 inguinal hernia repairs were identified. A Carolinas Comfort Score was self-reported at 1-, 6-, 12-months and results were compared. Subgroups analysis and logistic regression were used to identify confounders and to control for significant variables. Results:One hundred seventy-two patients met the exclusion criteria. The distribution of unilateral procedures was TEP (n = 217), TAPP (n = 331), and ML (n = 953). Average follow-up was 12 months. Use of >10 tacks, lack of prostate pathology, recurrent hernia repairs, and bilateral hernia repairs were significant predictors of postoperative pain. One month after surgery 8.9%, 16.6%, and 16.5% were symptomatic for TEP (P = 0.038 vs. ML), TAPP and ML, respectively. At 6 months and 1 year no differences were observed. The number of tacks used varied significantly, with 18.1% of TAPP and 2.3% of TEP with >10 tacks (P = 0.005). The incidence of hernia recurrences were equivalent: TEP (0.42%), TAPP (1.34%), and ML (1.27%). The number or type of tacks utilized did not impact recurrence rates. Conclusion:Use of >10 tacks doubles the incidence of early postoperative pain while having no effect on rates of recurrence. There was no difference in chronic postoperative pain comparing ML, TEP, and TAPP including when controlled for tack use.
Early Maternal Depression and Social Skills in Adolescence:A Marginal Structural Modeling Approach

Early maternal depression is a risk factor that may have adverse effects on adolescent social skills. Although evidence indicates links between early maternal depression and social outcomes during early childhood, whether an association extends to adolescence needs further examination. We tested the possible long-term association between early maternal depression and adolescent social skills using a national secondary dataset. A secondary objective was to test if maternal parenting at the transition to adolescence mediated the association, with the notion that adverse outcomes of early maternal depression could be ameliorated by positive parenting practices at an important developmental transition. Data were obtained from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Marginal structural modeling within the context of structural equation modeling revealed a significant association between early maternal depression and adolescent social skills while controlling for maternal depression during pre-adolescence and adolescence. Maternal parenting skills partially mediated the association between early maternal depression and mother report of adolescent social skills. These findings have important implications for understanding the link between early maternal depression and adolescent social skills, and for informing parenting practices during pre-adolescence.
Roles of Glutamate Synthase, gltBD, and gltF in Nitrogen Metabolism of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes

ABSTRACT Mutants of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes that are deficient in glutamate synthase (glutamate-oxoglutarate amidotransferase [GOGAT]) activity have difficulty growing with nitrogen sources other than ammonia. Two models have been proposed to account for this inability to grow. One model postulated an imbalance between glutamine synthesis and glutamine degradation that led to a repression of the Ntr system and the subsequent failure to activate transcription of genes required for the use of alternative nitrogen sources. The other model postulated that mutations in gltB or gltD (which encode the subunits of GOGAT) were polar on a downstream gene,gltF, which is necessary for proper activation of gene expression by the Ntr system. The data reported here show that thegltF model is incorrect for three reasons: first, a nonpolar gltB and a polar gltD mutation of K. aerogenes both show the same phenotype; second,K. aerogenes and several other enteric bacteria lack a gene homologous to gltF; and third, mutants of E. coli whose gltF gene has been deleted show no defect in nitrogen metabolism. The argument that accumulated glutamine represses the Ntr system in gltB or gltDmutants is also incorrect, because these mutants can derepress the Ntr system normally so long as sufficient glutamate is supplied. Thus, we conclude that gltB or gltD mutants grow slowly on many poor nitrogen sources because they are starved for glutamate. Much of the glutamate formed by catabolism of alternative nitrogen sources is converted to glutamine, which cannot be efficiently converted to glutamate in the absence of GOGAT activity. Finally, GOGAT-deficient E. coli cells growing with glutamine as the sole nitrogen source increase their synthesis of the other glutamate-forming enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase, severalfold, but this is still insufficient to allow rapid growth under these conditions.
A Genetic Population Isolate in The Netherlands Showing Extensive Haplotype Sharing and Long Regions of Homozygosity

Genetic isolated populations have features that may facilitate genetic analyses and can be leveraged to improve power of mapping genes to complex traits. Our aim was to test the extent to which a population with a former history of geographic isolation and religious endogamy, and currently with one of the highest fertility rates in The Netherlands, shows signs of genetic isolation. For this purpose, genome-wide genotype data was collected of 72 unrelated individuals from this population as well as in a sample of 104 random control subjects from The Netherlands. Additional reference data from different populations and population isolates was available through HapMap and the Human Genome Diversity Project. We performed a number of analyses to compare the genetic structure between these populations: we calculated the pairwise genetic distance between populations, examined the extent of identical-by-descent (IBD) sharing and estimated the effective population size. Genetic analysis of this population showed consistent patterns of a population isolate at all levels tested. We confirmed that this population is most closely related to the Dutch control subjects, and detected high levels of IBD sharing and runs of homozygosity at equal or even higher levels than observed in previously described population isolates. The effective population size of this population was estimated to be several orders of magnitude smaller than that of the Dutch control sample. We conclude that the geographic isolation of this population combined with rapid population growth has resulted in a genetic isolate with great potential value for future genetic studies.
What We Know and Don't: Eradicating Employment Discrimination 50 Years After the Civil Rights Act

Although nearly 50 years have passed since the Civil Rights Act, employment discrimination persists. Thus, this focal article raises and addresses critical issues regarding a yet unanswered question: how can organizational researchers and practitioners contribute to the ultimate goal of eradicating employment discrimination? This article will push previous work a step forward by considering discrimination reduction tactics spanning the attraction, selection, inclusion, and retention phases of the employment cycle. Additionally, we expand our discussion of strategies to reduce discrimination beyond classically studied racial, ethnic, and gender differences. Our synthesis of this literature will inform organizational psychologists on how to address discrimination, but will also highlight the lack of evidence regarding important aspects of these strategies.
Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions.

OBJECTIVE To present nationally representative data on 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) among adults in the United States. DESIGN/SETTING/ PARTICIPANTS: Face-to-face survey of more than 43 000 adults aged 18 years and older residing in households and group quarters in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and associations of MDD with sociodemographic correlates and Axis I and II disorders. RESULTS The prevalence of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV MDD was 5.28% (95% confidence interval, 4.98-5.57) and 13.23% (95% confidence interval, 12.64-13.81), respectively. Being female; Native American; middle-aged; widowed, separated, or divorced; and low income increased risk, and being Asian, Hispanic, or black decreased risk (P<.05). Women were significantly more likely to receive treatment than men. Both current and lifetime MDD were significantly associated with other specific psychiatric disorders, notably substance dependence, panic and generalized anxiety disorder, and several personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS This large survey suggests a higher prevalence of MDD in the US population than large-sample estimates from the 1980s and 1990s. The shift in highest lifetime risk from young to middle-aged adults is an important transformation in the distribution of MDD in the United States and specificity in risk for an age-period cohort. Associations between MDD and Axis I and II disorders were strong and significant, with variation within broad categories by specific diagnoses signaling the need for attention to the genetic and environmental reasons for such variation, as well as the implications for treatment response.
Predictive Analysis of Vehicle Accident using GoogleNet Classifier Compared with ResNet-50

This research aims to make real-time predictions about road traffic accidents using two distinct machine learning (ML) techniques and to compare the performance of selected classifiers. The study suggests utilizing neural networks, specifically the GoogleNet and ResNet-50 classifiers, to achieve this goal.GoogleNet algorithm is used in comparison with ResNet-50 with different 80% of training and 20% of testing data in order to predict vehicle accidents. The average G-power over the course of the tests is approximately 95%. The dataset for the present work contains 12,300 unique values with group 1=9840 and group 2=2460 related to the light condition, weather conditions, types of collisions and the factors considered are reviews. On performing statistical analysis (SPSS) on group 1 and group 2 and achieved mean accuracy of 94.3110% and 87.33% respectively. It expresses that there is a statistical significance variance between the Novel GoogleNet progression and the ResNet-50 algorithm with p = 0.001 (p<0.05). According to the testing outcomes, the proposed approach is believed to be the best technique for identifying accidents that happen on the road as a result of vehicle collisions. The investigation’s efficacy is evidenced by the higher level of accuracy demonstrated by the proposed Novel GoogleNet classifier when compared to both the ResNet-50 classifier and traditional classifiers typically employed in accident prediction.
Neural Architecture Search Method Based on Improved Monte Carlo Tree Search

With the continuous development of deep learning technology, various deep neural networks have been proposed to solve various problems, but the artificial design of neural network architecture requires certain professional knowledge and experience. The emergence of neural architecture search provides an automated solution for network architecture design. Current neural architecture search methods have a huge computational problem, and further research is needed to improve sample efficiency and network evaluation cost to obtain better results. In this paper, a neural architecture search method based on improved Monte Carlo Tree Search(MCTS) is proposed. The upper confidence interval (UCT) strategy of the tree is replaced by the RAVE strategy combining UCT strategy and AMAF strategy, and the absolute pruning strategy is added to better guide the search trajectory, speed up the convergence of the search tree and improve the accuracy of the results. By comparing the improved algorithm with the original tree search on the benchmark dataset, the feasibility of applying the improved algorithm to the neural network architecture search is proved, and the search process is accelerated.
When mentors feel supported: Relationships with mentoring functions and protégés' perceived organizational support

Summary We surveyed full-time employees of ongoing mentoring relationships toinvestigaterelationships among mentors’ perceived organizational support (POS), the extent of mentoring functions proteges received, and proteges’ POS. Moreover, we examined the moderating role of mentors’ altruistic personality in the relationship between mentors’ POS and mentoring functions received. Results showed that mentors’ POS was positively related to the extent of mentoring proteges reported receiving, which was then related positively to proteges’ POS.Furthermore, the extent of mentoring received partially mediated the relationship between mentors’ POS and proteges’ POS. We also found that mentors’ altruistic personality moderated the positive relationship between mentors’ POS and the extent of mentoring received such that this relationship was stronger for low altruistic mentors. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Appalachia: Where Place Matters in Health

Facts about health in the mountains of Appalachia have been slow to emerge. The formation of the Appalachian Regional Commission in the 1960s led to increased efforts to combat known precursors to poor health (e.g., low income, limited education, geographic isolation) (1). From New York’s southern counties to the foothills of Mississippi, mountain counties were eligible to participate in various federal health programs because of their poor economic status. Critical private investments in health care occurred infrequently during the 1960s and still lag because of Appalachia’s low population density and high percentage of residents without health insurance or with high-deductible plans.
Perceptions of Child Abuse by Teacher Trainees in Zimbabwean Schools

This study is a part of a larger study that examined the epidemiology and aetiology of child abuse by teachers in Zimbabwean primary schools. The purpose of the study was to determine teacher trainees' conception of sexual abuse of pupils by teachers within the school context, the forms of sexual abuse perpetrated on pupils by teachers in Zimbabwean schools, and the aetiology of sexual abuse of pupils by teachers in Zimbabwean schools. One hundred and fifty (75 male, 75 female) teacher trainees from three colleges of education, located in the same province, participated in the study. Participants indicated that sexual abuse of pupils within the school context involves having sexual intercourse with pupils; having love affairs with pupils; impregnating pupils by teachers; and fondling pupils' breasts, buttocks, and private parts. Results suggested that pupils are vulnerable to sexual abuse by teachers in Zimbabwean schools.
Recalling a witness: foundations and applications of monotonic state

We provide a way to ease the verification of programs whose state evolves monotonically. The main idea is that a property witnessed in a prior state can be soundly recalled in the current state, provided (1) state evolves according to a given preorder, and (2) the property is preserved by this preorder. In many scenarios, such monotonic reasoning yields concise modular proofs, saving the need for explicit program invariants. We distill our approach into the monotonic-state monad, a general yet compact interface for Hoare-style reasoning about monotonic state in a dependently typed language. We prove the soundness of the monotonic-state monad and use it as a unified foundation for reasoning about monotonic state in the F⋆ verification system. Based on this foundation, we build libraries for various mutable data structures like monotonic references and apply these libraries at scale to the verification of several distributed applications.
Sparse Representation Denoising of Roadsid Acoustic Signals Based on Wavelet-domain RLS Filters

When the train wayside acoustic signal is used for fault warning and fault diagnosis, Target acoustic signal with fault information and strong background noise are collected together, which affects the subsequent processing. Therefore, for the noise interference problem, this paper proposes a method combining wavelet transform as well as sparse representation, and also creatively adding RLS filter to perform noise reduction on the wayside acoustic signal. In the proposed method. Firstly, the wavelet coefficients after wavelet decomposition are adaptively attenuated using the sparse representation method. Secondly, the RLS filter with the set filtering threshold is then noise reduced. Finally, the signal is reconstructed by two wavelet transforms and inverse transform, which can maximize the sparse signal and recover the signal with higher quality. The simulation results show that this method has better noise reduction effect compared to the traditional wavelet transform and filter noise reduction.
Verbal and nonverbal communication in at-risk mother-child dyads: Implications for relationship quality and developing positive social behaviours in middle-childhood

Factors that promote healthy relationships have been understudied. The objective of this study is to examine mother–child verbal and nonverbal communication (separately), relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours in an at-risk sample framed within the developmental psychopathology approach. Mothers are part of a 35-year longitudinal prospective study who, as children, were rated by peers on measures of aggression and social withdrawal. These mothers, with their own 9- to 13-year-old children, participated in conflict and game-playing tasks. Verbal and nonverbal communication were coded separately using systematic observational measures. Maternal childhood histories of aggression and withdrawal predicted poorer dyad verbal communication, relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours. Frequently displayed positive verbal and nonverbal communication were associated with better relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours. The results highlight the unique contributions of verbal and nonverbal communication to adaptive development and to promoting healthy relationships in at-risk families during middle-childhood.