Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real Business Cycle Theory: Wisdom or Whimsy?

This paper assesses the empirical plausibility of the view that aggregate productivity shocks account for most of the variability in post World War II US output. We argue that the type of evidence forwarded by proponents of this proposition is too fragile to be believable. First, our confidence in the evidence is fundamentally affected once we abandon the fiction that we actually know the true values of the structural parameters of standard Real Business Cycle (RBC) models. What the data are telling us is that, while productivity shocks play some role in generating the business cycle, there is simply an enormous amount of uncertainty about just what percent of aggregate fluctuations they actually do account for. The answer could be 70% as Kydland and Prescott (1989) claim, but the data contain almost no evidence against either the view that the answer is really 5% or that the answer is really 200%. Second, we show that point estimates of the importance of technology shocks are extremely sensitive to small perturbations in the theory. Allowing for labor hoarding behavior in an otherwise standard RBC model reduces the ability of technology shocks to account for aggregate fluctuations by 50%. This finding provides some support for the view that many of the movements in the Solow residual which are labelled as productivity shocks may be an artifact of labor hoarding type phenomena.
Childhood trauma and personality disorder: positive correlation with adult CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that early life trauma results in adult stress hormone alterations in individuals with personality disorders, the authors examined the relationship between history of childhood adversity and lumbar CSF corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). METHOD Participants were 20 otherwise healthy men who met DSM-IV criteria for personality disorders. CSF CRF was obtained by lumbar puncture, and childhood adversity was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Correlations were obtained between CSF CRF and the total score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as well as scores on its four subscales. RESULTS CSF CRF concentrations were positively correlated with the total score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Analysis of the subscales revealed that CSF CRF was correlated with emotional neglect. Correlations between CSF CRF level and physical and emotional abuse and with physical neglect were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the hypothesis that the severity of early life stress is correlated with stress hormone abnormalities in adulthood, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire total scores and emotional neglect scores were significantly correlated with CSF CRF levels in individuals with personality disorders.
Moving Objects Gathering Patterns Retrieving based on Spatio-Temporal Graph

Moving objects gathering pattern represents a group events or incidents that involve congregation of moving objects, enabling the analysis of traffic system. However, effectively and efficiently discovering the specific gathering pattern turns to be a remaining challenging issue since the large number of moving objects will generate high volume of trajectory data. In order to address this issue, the authors propose a moving object gathering pattern retrieving method that aims to support the retrieving of gathering patterns based on spatio-temporal graph. In this method, firstly the authors use an improved R-tree based density clustering algorithm RT-DBScan to index the moving objects and collect clusters. Then, they maintain a spatio-temporal graph rather than storing the spatial coordinates to obtain the spatio-temporal changes in real time. Finally, a gathering retrieving algorithm is developed by searching the maximal complete graphs which meet the spatio-temporal constraints. To the best of their knowledge, effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods are outperformed other methods on both real and large trajectory data.
Batten disease (JNCL) is linked to disturbances in mitochondrial, cytoskeletal, and synaptic compartments

Intracellular pathways leading to neuronal degeneration are poorly understood in the juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, Batten disease), caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. To elucidate the early pathology, we carried out comparative global transcript profiling of the embryonic, primary cultures of the Cln3−/− mouse neurons. Statistical and functional analyses delineated three major cellular pathways or compartments affected: mitochondrial glucose metabolism, cytoskeleton, and synaptosome. Further functional studies showed a slight mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities in the microtubule cytoskeleton plus‐end components. Synaptic dysfunction was also indicated by the pathway analysis, and by the gross upregulation of the G protein beta 1 subunit, known to regulate synaptic transmission via the voltage‐gated calcium channels. Intracellular calcium imaging showed a delay in the recovery from depolarization in the Cln3−/− neurons, when the N‐type Ca2+ channels had been blocked. The data suggests a link between the mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeleton‐mediated presynaptic inhibition, thus providing a foundation for further investigation of the disease mechanism underlying JNCL disease. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse testes contain two size classes of actin mRNA that are differentially expressed during spermatogenesis

Using several actin isotype-specific cDNA probes, we found actin mRNA of two size classes, 2.1 and 1.5 kilobases (kb), in extracts of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA from sexually mature CD-1 mouse testes. Although the 2.1-kb sequence was present in both meiotic and postmeiotic testicular cell types, it decreased manyfold in late haploid cells. The 1.5-kb actin sequence was not detectable in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes (or in liver or kidney cells), but was present in round and elongating spermatids and residual bodies. To differentiate between the beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs, we isolated a cDNA, pMGA, containing the 3' untranslated region of a mouse cytoplasmic actin that has homology to the 3' untranslated region of a human gamma-actin cDNA but not to the 3' untranslated regions of human alpha-, beta-, or cardiac actins. Dot blot hybridizations with pMGA detected high levels of presumptive gamma-actin mRNA in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, with lower amounts found in elongating spermatids. Hybridization with the 3' untranslated region of a rat beta-actin probe revealed that round spermatids contained higher levels of beta-actin mRNA than did pachytene spermatocytes or residual bodies. Both probes hybridized to the 2.1-kb actin mRNA but failed to hybridize to the 1.5-kb mRNA.
Multiple Structural Breaks and Inflation Persistence: Evidence from China

type="main"> The degree of inflation persistence fluctuates more in developing countries than in industrialized countries. This is because there are more economic reforms in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Hence, it is important to study the inflation persistence in developing countries. The present paper investigates the pattern of inflation persistence in China, a developing and transitional economy. Specifically, the paper studies statistically the number of structural breaks in China's inflation persistence based on the monthly retail price index (MRPI) and the quarterly retail price index (QRPI) inflation series from 1983 to 2011. The findings show that there are five and three structural breaks in the MRPI and QRPI inflation persistence, respectively. The present paper also exposes a high degree of persistence over the whole sample period and a slight decline in the level of the persistence since 1994. Furthermore, the persistence of two inflation series does not change monotonously but with obvious cyclical patterns. Using these derived estimated structural breakpoints, likely causes of the breakpoints in inflation persistence are investigated. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
SENSING APPROACH FOR COGNITIVE MACHINE TO MACHINE COMMUNICATION IN INTERNET OF THINGS

The current growing machine to machine communication using spectrum will lead to spectrum scarcity in future. Cognitive radio system or environment provides the idea of white spaces which is the unused spectrum by licensed users. This spectrum hole can be efficiently used to utilize it more for the secondary users. This paper focus primarily on the spectrum sensing technique which is implemented in a partially distributed way such that interference identification of the licensed user will be least minimal with very less energy utilization. Achieving this needs the help of sequential detection and prediction algorithms which is used and the expected result is achieved. Keywords—Cognitive radio, spectrum sensing, machine-tomachine communication, sequential detection algorithm, prediction
Wolbachia uses host microRNAs to manipulate host gene expression and facilitate colonization of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti

The obligate endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis is found in a wide range of invertebrates where they are best known for manipulating host reproduction. Recent studies have shown that Wolbachia also can modulate the lifespan of host insects and interfere with the development of human pathogens in mosquito vectors. Despite considerable study, very little is known about the molecular interactions between Wolbachia and its hosts that might mediate these effects. Using microarrays, we show that the microRNA (miRNA) profile of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is significantly altered by the wMelPop-CLA strain of W. pipientis. We found that a host miRNA (aae-miR-2940) is induced after Wolbachia infection in both mosquitoes and cell lines. One target of aae-miR-2940 is the Ae. aegypti metalloprotease gene. Interestingly, expression of the target gene was induced after Wolbachia infection, ectopic expression of the miRNA independent of Wolbachia, or transfection of an artificial mimic of the miRNA into mosquito cells. We also confirmed the interaction of aae-miR-2940 with the target sequences using GFP as a reporter gene. Silencing of the metalloprotease gene in both Wolbachia-infected cells and adult mosquitoes led to a significant reduction in Wolbachia density, as did inhibition of the miRNA in cells. These results indicate that manipulation of the mosquito metalloprotease gene via aae-miR-2940 is crucial for efficient maintenance of the endosymbiont. This report shows how Wolbachia alters the host miRNA profile and provides insight into the mechanisms of host manipulation used by this widespread endosymbiont.
Efficient distributed algorithms solving problems about the connectivity of network

This paper presents efficient distributed algorithms on an asynchronous network for the following problems: finding bi-connected components, finding cutpoints, finding bridges, testing for bi-connectedness and finding strongly connected components of a directed graph defined on a network. All these distributed algorithms use a depth-first search tree having an arbitrary processor in the network as its root. The communication complexity of these algorithms is O(nlogn+e) and their ideal-time complexity is O(nG(n)), where n and e represent the numbers of processors and links, respectively, and G(n) is almost a constant. It is shown also that a lower bound for the communication complexity of the five problems is O(e) and a lower bound for their ideal-time complexity is O(n).
EFFECTS OF COST CHANGES ON OLIGOPOLISTS' PROFITS*

This paper considers cost changes affecting all firms in a constant-returns-to-scale Cournot oligopoly. Cost increases may paradoxically benefit some or even all firms. Whether a firm benefits or is harmed depends only on whether its market share exceeds a threshold level, on whether industry costs increase or decrease, on the number of firms, and on the elasticity of the demand curve's slope (or equivalently, the fraction of cost changes that are passed on). Conditions where industry structure alone determines the effect of cost changes on firms' profits and conditions where cost increases necessarily harm some firms are developed. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Hydrogen Abstraction Acetylene Addition and Diels-Alder Mechanisms of PAH Formation : A Detailed Study Using First Principles Calculations

Extensive ab initio Gaussian-3-type calculations of potential energy surfaces (PES), which are expected to be accurate within 1-2 kcal/mol, combined with statistical theory calculations of reaction rate constants have been applied to study various possible pathways in the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism of naphthalene and acenaphthalene formation as well as Diels-Alder pathways to acenaphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. The barrier heights; reaction energies; and molecular parameters of the reactants, products, intermediates, and transition states have been generated for all types of reactions involved in the HACA and Diels-Alder mechanisms, including H abstraction from various aromatic intermediates, acetylene addition to radical sites, ring closures leading to the formation of additional aromatic rings, elimination of hydrogen atoms, H disproportionation, C2H2 cycloaddition, and H2 loss. The reactions participating in various HACA sequences (e.g., Frenklach’s, alternative Frenklach’s, and Bittner and Howard’s routes) are demonstrated to have relatively low barriers and high rate constants under combustion conditions. A comparison of the significance of different HACA mechanisms in PAH growth can be made in the future using PES and molecular parameters obtained in the present work. The results show that the DielsAlder mechanism cannot compete with the HACA pathways even at high combustion temperatures, because of high barriers and consequently low reaction rate constants. The calculated energetic parameters and rate constants have been compared with experimental and theoretical data available in the literature.
Effects of photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin as mouth rinse for oral disinfection: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) with blue light and curcumin on oral disinfection during the 2 h after treatment. BACKGROUND DATA a-PDT is a technique that can potentially affect the viability of bacterial cells, with selective action targeting only areas with photosensitizer accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Twenty-seven adults were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the PDT group, which was treated with the drug, curcumin, and blue light (n=9); (2) the light group, which was treated only with the blue light, and no drug (n=9) and; (3) the curcumin group, which was treated only with the drug, curcumin, and no light (n=9). The irradiation parameters were: blue light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (455±30 nm), 400 mW of average optical power, 5 min of application, illumination area of 0.6 cm(2), 600 mW/cm(2) of intensity, and 200 J/cm(2) of fluence. A curcumin concentration of 30 mg/L was used. The saliva samples were collected for bacterial counts at baseline and after the experimental phases (immediately after treatment, and 1 and 2 h after treatment). Serial dilutions were performed, and the resulting samples were cultured on blood agar plates in microaerophilic conditions. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined. RESULTS The PDT group showed a significant reduction of CFU immediately after treatment (post-treatment) with PDT (5.71±0.48, p=0.001), and 1 h (5.14±0.92, p=0.001) and 2 h (5.35±0.76, p=0.001) after treatment, compared with pretreatment (6.61±0.82). There were no significant changes for the light group. The curcumin group showed a significant increase of CFU 1 h after treatment (6.77±0.40, p=0.02) compared with pretreatment (5.57±0.91) falling to baseline values at 2 h after treatment (5.58±0.70). CONCLUSIONS The PDT group showed significant difference in microbial reduction (p<0.05) compared with both the light and curcumin groups until 2 h post-treatment. The new blue LED device for PDT using curcumin may be used for reduction of salivary microorganisms, leading to overall disinfection of the mouth (e.g., mucosa, tongue, and saliva), but new protocols should be explored.
Research on temperature field of turbo-generators based on coupled physical field

Temperature is one of the important physical variables in turbo-generators, so accurate prediction of temperature is very necessary in generators design and operation. This paper presents coupling mathematical model of electromagnetic and temperature field and calculates them by finite element method (FEM). First, magnetic field distribution of generators is accurately determined, so thermal source is known. Then, the mathematical model of temperature field is proposed, and temperature filed can be obtained. Couple field of electromagnetic and temperature in QFSN-200-2 turbo-generators is calculated by finite element analysis software (ANSYS), the proposed method is validated to be correct by comparing calculation and measurement values.
A new quantitative HIV load assay based on plasma virion reverse transcriptase activity for the different types, groups and subtypes

Background: Plasma viral load monitoring is an integral part of the standard of care for HIV-infected patients in industrialized countries. In developing countries, viral load assay is either unaffordable or hindered by on-site maintenance and/or technical problems. Objectives: To evaluate a new and simple quantitative assay for plasma HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity; and to compare RT activity-based and RNA-based quantification in plasma samples from patients infected by different subtypes of HIV-1 group-M, HIV-1 group-O and HIV-2. Methods: The RT-based viral load assay involves separation of the virion-protected RT and quantification of its activity with an enzyme immunoassay. Plasma viraemia was quantified both by RT activity and by RNA copies in 322 samples from 236 HIV-1 group M-infected patients, including serial samples from 54 patients. Samples from 49 patients infected by HIV-1 group O or HIV-2 were also tested. Results: RT activity and RNA copies were detected in 70% of plasma samples; respectively 25% and 1% of samples contained detectable RNA copies or RT activity alone. Measured RT activity corresponded to 48%, 96% and 100% of samples with 1.7–4.0 log10, 4.1–4.8 log10 and 4.9–6.7 log10 RNA copies/ml, respectively. The values of the two assays correlated independently of the HIV subtype (P < 0.0001) and group/type (P < 0.03). Patient follow-up showed a similar pattern of viraemia with the two assays. Conclusion: Plasma RT activity assay is a simple, cheap and reliable alternative for HIV viral load determination. As such, it could be particularly valuable for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in developing countries.
New Perspectives from The Sky

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a technology now impacting on many fields, including journalism and mass communication. Also referred to as drones, these small remotely-guided aircraft have gained prominence through their increased use in the hunt for Al Qaeda leaders in Afghanistan and Pakistan. With increasingly sophisticated navigation systems and dramatically decreased costs, drones are now being purchased and put to use by commercial organizations and private citizens. Traditional journalists and citizen journalists alike are using drones to obtain aerial footage in a variety of locations around the world. The implications for the field of journalism and mass communication are numerous, with practical, theoretical and ethical dimensions. This paper explores these dimensions using an inductive, qualitative approach. This research paper offers a brief history of UAVs, the results of our canvass of cases that could be categorized as drone journalism, the themes that emerge from this case analysis, and an in-depth look at how this technology impacts on journalism and mass communication. Where this new technology fits within surveillance scholarship is also considered.
Developing relational capabilities in hotels.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to show that relational capabilities is a topic of interest for the competitiveness of hotel companies. This paper aims to present a methodology based on the analysis of processes in order to create and strengthen relational capabilities and proposes a model with three dimensions that jointly analyzes this phenomenon in relation to the outsourcing of activities and the collateral relationships maintained between different hotels.Design/methodology/approach – Creates a methodology to rethink the relationships between the hotel company, its suppliers and other hotels in the same tourist destination. The creation of relational capabilities necessarily requires the hotel to study and analyze the following stages: internal analysis of resources and capabilities; relational analysis of activities; and process integration. A model is also proposed to analyze this question.Findings – The development of relational capabilities in outsourcing is based on the level of compet.
Mortality in eating disorders: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE We report rates and causes of death for a cohort of 246 eating-disordered women and provide descriptive information on their eating disorder and comorbid diagnoses. METHOD Data on mortality were collected as part of a longitudinal study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, now in its 11th year. Other data sources included death certificates, autopsy reports, relative interviews, and a National Death Index search. RESULTS Seven deaths have occurred during the study, all among anorexic subjects with a history of binging and purging and with comorbid Axis I disorders. The crude mortality rate was 5.1%. The standardized mortality ratios for death (9.6) and suicide (58.1) were significantly elevated (p <. 001). CONCLUSIONS Anorexia nervosa is associated with a substantial risk of death and suicide. Features correlated with fatal outcome are longer duration of illness, binging and purging, comorbid substance abuse, and comorbid affective disorders.
ICT4D and Participatory Design

Participatory interventions and research in social development have long been established as effective approaches for ensuring development for the poor and marginalized at the grassroots. Participation focuses on empowering communities, target groups, or beneficiaries by providing “space” in decision-making for planning, execution, and evaluation of impacts of programs and schemes. The importance of participation is also realized in technology designing by adopting approaches that are more interactive and agile. Implementing effective participation in information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) requires careful attention to the nature and processes of participation and its human and relational dimensions. Keywords: empowerment; evaluation; information and communication technology; interactive systems design; intervention; participation
Chapter 2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for a quarter of malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents. With continuous effort on developing riskstratified multi-agent chemotherapy through cooperative clinical trials worldwide, survival rate of childhood ALL increased from less than 10% in the 1960s to approximately 90% nowadays. Recent advance in genomic analyses is rapidly increasing our understanding of the pathobiology of ALL, which may lead to a development of novel molecular targeted therapy and finally to overcome the disease in future.