Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual Network Embedding Based on the Degree and Clustering Coefficient Information

The issue of virtual network (VN) embedding constitutes an important aspect of network virtualization, which is considered to be one of the most crucial techniques to overcome the Internet ossification problem. The main purpose of VN embedding is to efficiently utilize the limited physical network resources to offer the supporting of virtual nodes and virtual links from the VNs. Due to the fact that the VN embedding problem is proved to be NP-hard, previous works have put forward some of heuristic algorithms to solve this VN embedding problem. However, most of the existing research works only consider the local resources of nodes, ignoring the topological attributes of its neighborhood nodes, and lead to lower resource utilization of the substrate network. To address this issue, we proposed an approach of VN embedding algorithm called VNE-DCC, which based on the node degree and the clustering coefficient information, we adopted the technique of node importance metric to rank the substrate nodes aim to select the node with the most embedding potential for every virtual node in each VN requests, and exploited the breadth-first-search algorithm to embed the virtual nodes aiming at reducing the resource utilization of substrate links so as to increase the acceptance ratio of VN requests and increase the revenues of operational providers. Extensive simulations have shown that the efficiency of our algorithm is better than the other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of Revenue/Cost ratio and acceptance ratio.
Adolescents' smoking outcome expectancies and acute emotional responses following smoking.

INTRODUCTION Magnitude of mood change following smoking may be an important reinforcing effect in smoking escalation in adolescent smokers. This study used ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of adolescent smokers' reports of mood during smoking events to examine (a) whether global reports of negative affect (NA) expectancies were associated with in-the-moment magnitude of negative and positive mood change following smoking, (b) the possibility of a reciprocal feedback loop between global NA expectancies and acute mood change following smoking, and (c) whether this relationship generalizes to other expectancies and mood change. METHODS Participants were 234 9(th) and 10(th) graders (54% female) who recorded at least one smoking event during 7 days of EMA data collection. RESULTS Global reports of NA expectancies were significantly associated with the in-the-moment magnitude of changes in mood following smoking. Specifically, higher NA expectancies were associated with greater decreases in negative and greater increases in positive mood. Additionally, mood change following smoking predicted changes in NA expectancies but only for adolescents who continued to smoke 6 months later. The reciprocal feedback loop between expectancies and mood change was only present in adolescent smokers who continued to smoke over time. Findings indicated that this relationship is specific to NA expectancies and negative and positive mood change. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of considering NA expectancies and mood changes following smoking in adolescent smokers. Assessing expectancies about NA relief may provide an opportunity for identifying and intervening on adolescents who may be most at risk for continuing to smoke.
The Firm Growth Pattern in the Restaurant Industry: Does Gibrat’s Law Hold?

Abstract This study tests the relationship between firm size and rate of growth, based on Gibrat’s Law. The core idea of Gibrat’s Law is that firm growth rates should be independent of firm size. The minimum efficient scale (MES) of level of output and merger and acquisition (M&A) are also considered in analyzing the relationship. Overall, this study shows that Gibrat’s Law does not hold in the restaurant industry. Firm growth patterns reveal that small firms are expected to grow faster than their larger competitors. However, larger firms grow faster when they remain below MES, whereas smaller firms show higher growth rates when they are operated at a point above MES. Firms executing M&A show that firm growth rate is independent of firm size, supporting Gibrat’s Law. This study does not evidence persistent growth after M&A for those firms above MES. Nevertheless, M&A is still an effective growth strategy for those who are below MES.
The Theory of Reasoned Action Applied to Coupon Usage

This application of the theory of reasoned action examines the standard Fishbein-Ajzen paradigm and several model variations. These variations extend and challenge the standard model by incorporating tests of interdependent relations between attitudinal and subjective influence variables, by postulating multiple cognitive and normative structures rather than unidimensional structures, and by comparing direct effects of Aact and SN on behavior against indirect effects mediated through behavioral intentions.
TEACHING WITH DIGITAL SKETCHES

Sketches can contain the seeds of ideas, but the process of germination is usually obscured in the final document. A new digital pen with stroke-by-stroke replay allows us to examine and teach drawing in new ways. When used for writing or drawing, the Logitech Io digital pen scans Anoto’s specially patterned paper to record each stroke that is made. (1) After the drawing is complete, the user places the pen in a dock that downloads the recorded strokes to a computer where its software allows review of the stroke sequence. The digital document files contain the order in which the strokes were made so that they can be replayed through an interactive timeline. This paper describes efforts in using this digital pen to research drawing and teach drawing skills to design students. We have found that the ability to record and replay graphic marks with a timeline is a great asset to understanding and teaching drawing. The time-based format changes what can be shown about drawing and the digital nature of the drawing opens up new kinds of classroom interaction.
Power Relationships that Lead to the Development of Feral Systems

This research identifies factors affecting the operation of a supply chain in a large, asset rich transport utility, and how a recent Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) implementation was perceived with respect to its usability for the task. A lack of trust in the ERP, ineffective training methods and complexity in extracting the data from the ERP were identified as a problem which lead to the development of “Feral Systems” (systems outside the accepted ERP or corporation condoned information systems – sometimes called skunkworks). This research uses an interpretative case study approach to gain insights into the human sense-making within the study organisation. The research argues that power relationships between operational managers and financial managers and processual power relationships between operational managers led to the development of these systems.
Protective Effects of Cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside Against UVA‐induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes ¶

Ultraviolet‐A (UVA) radiation causes significant oxidative stress because it leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to extensive cellular damage and eventual cell death either by apoptosis or necrosis. We evaluated the protective effects of cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (C‐3‐G) against UVA‐induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Treatment of HaCaT cells with C‐3‐G before UVA irradiation inhibited the formation of apoptotic cells (61%) and DNA fragmentation (54%). We also investigated antioxidant properties of C‐3‐G in HaCaT cells against ROS formation at apoptotic doses of UVA; C‐3‐G inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release (an indicator of cellular ROS formation) after UVA irradiation. Further confirmation of the potential of C‐3‐G to counteract UVA‐induced ROS formation comes from our demonstration of its ability to enhance the resistance of HaCaT cells to the apoptotic effects of both H2O2 and the superoxide anion (O2•−), two ROS involved in UVA‐oxidative stress. Furthermore, in terms of Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Activity, C‐3‐G treatment led to a greater increase in antioxidant activity in the membrane‐enriched fraction than in the cytosol (55%vs 19%). The protective effects against UVA‐induced ROS formation can be attributed to the higher membrane levels of C‐3‐G incorporation. These encouraging in vitro results support further research into C‐3‐G (and other anthocyanins) as novel agents for skin photoprotection.
Personality Construct of Hardiness, IV: Positive Cognitions and Emotions Concerning Oneself and Developmentally Relevant Activities

Personality hardiness has emerged as a composite of the interrelated attitudes of commitment, control, and challenge that provides the existential courage and motivation to turn stressful circumstances from potential disasters into growth opportunities. This study contributes to the construct validity of the latest measure of hardiness, the Personal Views Survey III—R (PVS III-R). In a large sample of undergraduates, the PVS III-R measure of hardiness showed adequate internal consistency reliability, the expected intercorrelation of components, and the absence of relationship to socially desirable responding. Furthermore, as expected, hardiness was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and hostility, even though it was also negatively related to avoidance of intrusive, stressful thoughts. Also as expected, hardiness was associated with positive attitudes toward school, instructors, and one's own capabilities and standards as well as expressed satisfaction with life. This pattern of results fits well .
Context-sensitive detection of information exposure bugs with symbolic execution

Static analysis tools used for detecting information exposure bugs can help software engineers detecting bugs without introducing run-time overhead. Such tools can make the detection of information-flow bugs faster and cheaper without having to provide user input in order to trigger the bug detection. In this paper we present a bug-detection tool for detecting information exposure bugs in C/C++ programs. Our tool is context-sensitive and uses static code analysis for bug detection. We developed our bug finding tool as a Eclipse plug-in in order to easily integrate it in software development work flows. The bug reports provide user friendly visualizations that can be easily traced back to the location where the bug was detected. We discuss one static analysis approach for detecting information exposure bugs and relate briefly the usability of our bug testing tool to empirical research. We conducted an empirical evaluation based on 90 test programs which were selected from the Juliet test suite for C/C++ code. We reached a true-positive coverage of 94.4% in 121 seconds for 90 test programs having a total of 12589 source code lines.
On Routing and Channel Selection in Cognitive Radio Mesh Networks

Secondary users in a cognitive radio mesh network may select from a set of available channels, provided that they do not disrupt communications among primary users. This ability can improve the overall network performance but introduces the question of how to best use the channels. This paper first considers the problem of selecting the channels to use given a routing path such that the end-to-end throughput along the path is maximized. We show that a dynamic programming-based approach can optimally solve the problem and, if the path satisfies a natural condition, in time, be linear in the length (hop count) of the path. In addition, the algorithm can easily be implemented in a distributed fashion. We also examine the harder joint problem of finding the best routing path and channel selection that maximizes the end-to-end throughput. We prove that obtaining a (2/3 + ε) approximation to the joint problem is NP-hard. We then present a heuristic algorithm for the joint problem and a second heuristic channel-aware routing-only algorithm. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods on several experimental scenarios.
Testicular cancer incidence in eight northern European countries: secular and recent trends.

OBJECTIVE Striking geographic variation and marked increasing secular trends characterize the incidence of testicular cancer. However, it is not known whether these patterns have attenuated in recent years and whether they are similar for seminomas and nonseminomas, the two main histologic groups of testicular cancer. METHOD Cancer registry data, including 27,030 testicular cancer cases, were obtained from Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. Between 57 (Denmark) and 9 (Poland) years of registration were covered. Country-specific temporal trends were estimated, with focus on the last decade and seminomas and nonseminomas. Data from the Nordic countries were further analyzed using an age-period-cohort approach. RESULTS Age-standardized incidence rates increased annually by 2.6% to 4.9% during the study period, with marginal differences between seminomas and nonseminomas. In the last decade, the increasing trend attenuated only in Denmark (annual change, -0.3%; 95% confidence interval, -1.5 to 0.9). In 1995, the highest and the lowest age-standardized incidence rates (per 10(5)) were 15.2 in Denmark and 2.1 in Lithuania. Incidence rates (i.e., for all cancers and for seminomas and nonseminomas, separately) depended chiefly on birth cohort rather than on calendar period of diagnosis (although both birth cohort and period determined the Danish incidence rates). CONCLUSIONS Testicular cancer incidence is still increasing, with the exception of Denmark, and a large geographic difference exists. The increasing trend is mainly a birth cohort phenomenon also in recent cohorts. Temporal trends for seminomas and nonseminomas are similar, which suggests that they share important causal factors.
Improvement of Capture Compound Mass Spectrometry Technology (CCMS) for the Profiling of Human Kinases by Combination with 2D LC-MS/MS

An increasingly popular and promising field in functional proteomics is the isolation of proteome subsets based on small molecule-protein interactions. One platform approach in this field are Capture Compounds that contain a small molecule of interest to bind target proteins, a photo-activatable reactivity function to covalently trap bound proteins, and a sorting function to isolate captured protein conjugates from complex biological samples for direct protein identification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). In this study we used staurosporine as a selectivity group for analysis in HepG2 cells derived from human liver. In the present study, we combined the functional isolation of kinases with different separation workflows of automated split-free nanoflow liquid chromatography prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Two different CCMS setups, CCMS technology combined with 1D LC-MS and 2D LC-MS, were compared regarding the total number of kinase identifications. By extending the chromatographic separation of the tryptic digested captured proteins from 1D LC linear gradients to 2D LC we were able to identify 97 kinases. This result is similar to the 1D LC setup we previously reported but this time 4 times less input material was needed. This makes CCMS of kinases an even more powerful tool for the proteomic profiling of this important protein family.
Soccer without intelligence

Robot soccer is an excellent testbed to explore innovative ideas and test the algorithms in multi-agent systems (MAS) research. A soccer team should play in an organized manner in order to score more goals than the opponent, which requires well-developed individual and collaborative skills, such as dribbling the ball, positioning, and passing. However, none of these skills needs to be perfect and they do not require highly complicated models to give satisfactory results. This paper proposes an approach inspired from ants, which are modeled as Braitenberg vehicles for implementing those skills as combinations of very primitive behaviors without using explicit communication and role assignment mechanisms, and applying reinforcement learning to construct the optimal state-action mapping. Experiments demonstrate that a team of robots can indeed learn to play soccer reasonably well without using complex environment models and state representations. After very short training sessions, the team started scoring more than its opponents that use complex behavior codes, and as a result of having very simple state representation, the team could adapt to the strategies of the opponent teams during the games.
Model-based optical flow for large displacements and homogeneous regions

Monocular motion analysis for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is a very active research topic. However, two constraints limit the implementation of existent techniques in autonomous vehicles: poorly textured regions and large displacements due to vehicle egomotion that both lead to matching ambiguities. Coarse-to-fine strategies are generally used to deal with large motion, but the lack of large texture makes this approach inefficient to estimate road relative displacement. In this paper, we propose to assist the optical flow process by exploiting both a 3D scene model and a rough velocity estimate from either other embedded sensors or egomotion estimations from the previous frames. Using the available a priori knowledge allows to compensate the dominant flow to facilitate the estimation of the remaining part by a classical optical flow method. We give results on both synthetic and real image sequences and compare our approach to other existing methods.
Two-phase graph search algorithm for QoS-aware automatic service composition

Automatic service composition has been an active research area in the field of service computing. Service engineers demand algorithms that not only synthesize the correct work plans but also meet the need of the overall qualities like response time, throughput, fee, etc. In this paper, we present a novel QoS-aware approach which adopts a two-phase graph search algorithm. This approach effectively reduces the search space and significantly improves the accuracy of the search results.
Computational Models of Social Forms: Advancing Generative Process Theory1

Building on Simmel’s theoretical foundations, sociological process theorists continue to challenge mainstream social theory. So far, however, they have rarely relied on formal modeling. The author argues that recent advances in computational modeling offer tools to explore the emergence of social forms in the Simmelian tradition. Thanks to common foundations in both epistemology and ontology, these two fields can benefit from drawing more explicitly on each other. The process‐theoretic tradition in social theory and contemporary agent‐based models shift theorizing from nomothetic to generative explanations of social forms, and from variable‐based to configurative ontologies. In order to formalize sociational theory, the author focuses on how to model dynamic social networks and emergent actor configurations.
RALD: Reliable Transactional Software Controller for Redundancy Array of Log Structured Disks

An inconsistent update in a parity-based RAID can cause data loss when a disk failure occurs. There are two ways to restore the consistency: 1, Re-calculating parities, which does not work with disk failures. 2, Using transactions to record and replay updated data-contents in the transaction log, which is a single point of failure. It needs much bandwidth to replicate a transaction log of data-contents over network. We proposed the Above-Logging Transaction (ALT), and designed the Redundancy Array of Log-structured Disks (RALD). All updates histories of data-contents were on log-structured disks. ALTs recorded updated data's addresses on those log-structured disks into the transaction log by which ALTs mapped the consistent blocks into the read-only snapshot's space after they finished. To avoid the single point of failure, the RALD copied the ALTs log into those log-structured disks. By using flushes, the RALD utilized write-buffers safely. We had evaluated the RALD on SATA3 HDDs. The RALD can restore consistency from disk failures plus system crashes. The ALT's logs consumes little bandwidth, less than 0.5MB/s per replica. Compared to the Linux MD RAID: on write-dominant traces, the RALD has 20% to 190% more IOPS, on read-dominant traces, the RALD has 30% to 160% more IOPS if its internal caches have effective read-ahead, otherwise it has 10% to 50% less IOPS.
FS-NER: a lightweight filter-stream approach to named entity recognition on twitter data

Microblog platforms such as Twitter are being increasingly adopted by Web users, yielding an important source of data for web search and mining applications. Tasks such as Named Entity Recognition are at the core of many of these applications, but the effectiveness of existing tools is seriously compromised when applied to Twitter data, since messages are terse, poorly worded and posted in many different languages. Also, Twitter follows a streaming paradigm, imposing that entities must be recognized in real-time. In view of these challenges and the inappropriateness of existing tools, we propose a novel approach for Named Entity Recognition on Twitter data called FS-NER (Filter-Stream Named Entity Recognition). FS-NER is characterized by the use of filters that process unlabeled Twitter messages, being much more practical than existing supervised CRF-based approaches. Such filters can be combined either in sequence or in parallel in a flexible way. Moreover, because these filters are not language dependent, FS-NER can be applied to different languages without requiring a laborious adaptation. Through a systematic evaluation using three Twitter collections and considering seven types of entity, we show that FS-NER performs 3% better than a CRF-based baseline, besides being orders of magnitude faster and much more practical.
«Multiple inference-inviting properties» of interpersonal verbs: event instigation, dispositional inference, and implicit causality

The properties of interpersonal verbs (e.g., help, dislike, etc.) that systematically influence «implicit causality» are analyzed in 3 studies. It is argued that interpersonal verbs have a set of properties (multiple inference-inviting properties [MIIPs]) that are differentially elicited as a function of the type of property primed by the type of inference request
An experimental study of field dependency in altered Gz environments

Failure to address extreme environments constraints at the human-computer interaction level may lead to the commission of critical and potentially fatal errors. This experimental study addresses gaps in our current theoretical understanding of the impact of ±Gz accelerations and field dependency independency on task performance in human-computer interaction. It investigates the effects of ±Gz accelerations and field dependency independency on human performance in the completion of perceptual-motor tasks on a personal digital assistant (PDA). We report the results of a controlled experiment, conducted in an aerobatic aircraft under multiple ±Gz conditions, showing that cognitive style significantly impacts latency and accuracy in target acquisition for perceptual-motor tasks in altered ±Gz environments and propose design guidelines as countermeasures. Based on the results, we argue that developing design requirements taking into account cognitive differences in extreme environments will allow users to execute perceptual-motor tasks efficiently without unnecessarily increasing cognitive load and the probability of critical errors.