Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Security of Key Derivation Functions in WINRAR

In various versions of WINRAR, the file security is mainly protected by user authentication and files encryption. Password based key derivation function (PBKDF) is the core of the WINRAR security mechanism. In this paper, the security of PBKDF algorithm and the encrypted file in WINRAR are analyzed by the Game-Playing approach. We show the upper boundary of the Adversary’s Advantage over the random function. With the theoretical derivation, the actual safety of the WINRAR encrypted files has been discussed. According to the latest developments for GPU-based exhaustive password search attacks, we do some experiments and draw a conclusion that if the length of password is longer than 6, the WINRAR and later versions are secure.
Text From Corners: A Novel Approach to Detect Text and Caption in Videos

Detecting text and caption from videos is important and in great demand for video retrieval, annotation, indexing, and content analysis. In this paper, we present a corner based approach to detect text and caption from videos. This approach is inspired by the observation that there exist dense and orderly presences of corner points in characters, especially in text and caption. We use several discriminative features to describe the text regions formed by the corner points. The usage of these features is in a flexible manner, thus, can be adapted to different applications. Language independence is an important advantage of the proposed method. Moreover, based upon the text features, we further develop a novel algorithm to detect moving captions in videos. In the algorithm, the motion features, extracted by optical flow, are combined with text features to detect the moving caption patterns. The decision tree is adopted to learn the classification criteria. Experiments conducted on a large volume of real video shots demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed approaches and the real-world system. Our text and caption detection system was recently highlighted in a worldwide multimedia retrieval competition, Star Challenge, by achieving the superior performance with the top ranking.
Attentional Bias in Psychopathy

Numerous studies have identified differences in the identification of emotional displays between psychopaths and non-psychopaths; however, results have been equivocal regarding the nature of these differences. The present study investigated an alternative approach to examining the association between psychopathy and emotion processing by examining attentional bias to emotional faces; we used a modified dot-probe task to measure attentional bias toward emotional faces in comparison with neutral faces, among a sample of male jail inmates assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R). Results indicated a positive association between psychopathy and attention toward happy versus neutral faces, and that this association was attributable to Factor 1 of the psychopathy construct.
Resistant place identities in rural Charleston County, South Carolina: Cultural, environmental, and racial politics in the Sewee to Santee Area

The cultural and political implications of landscape change and urban growth in the western U.S. are well-documented. However, comparatively little scholarship has examined the effects of urbanization on sense of place in the southern U.S. We contribute to the literature on competing place meanings with a case study from the rural “Sewee to Santee” region of northern Charleston County, SC. Our research highlights conflicting cultural, environmental, and racial politics and their roles in struggles over place meanings. Using focus groups, interviews with elected officials, and participant observation, we document initial African American resistance and eventual compliance with the prevailing anti-sprawl discourse and associated sense of place promoted by the Charleston County Planning Commission and others. Our research suggests that dynamics driving development in the rural, U.S. South are similar in kind to those in the Third World where natural resource decisions are informed by class, cultural, and racial politics.
Goal orientations, self-determination and pupils' discipline in physical education

In this study, we examined the patterns of goal orientations, perceived competence, reasons for behaving well and self-reported discipline in school physical education among 511 pupils from years 8 and 9 (mean age 14.2 years). Cluster analyses were conducted on two randomly split subsamples to identify homogeneous groups of pupils on these measures of achievement motivation and discipline. Three meaningful clusters emerged for the first subsample, which were then cross-validated for the second subsample. One group of pupils revealed low scores on task and ego orientations, perceived competence and feelings of self-determination about their behaviour in lessons. These perceptions were related to lower ratings of discipline in physical education than pupils who scored more highly on these variables. The highest discipline scores were reported by pupils with high task and ego orientations, perceived competence and feelings of autonomy. The results are useful for teachers and other physical activity leaders in enhancing motivation and disciplined behaviour in young people. Promoting more self-determined reasons for being disciplined, for example, could lead to more orderly classes.
Celecoxib exhibits an anti-gastric cancer effect by targeting focal adhesion and leukocyte transendothelial migration-associated genes

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent cancer, which remains incurable, and therefore requires an alternative treatment method. Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that targets cyclooxygenase-2, and exhibits anticancer effects. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-GC mechanism of celecoxib using bioinformatics methods. Gene expression datasets GSE56807 (GC tissues and normal gastric tissues) and GSE54657 (celecoxib-treated and non-treated human GC epithelial AGS cells) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Two groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using limma package in R language. The criterion for GSE56807 was a false discovery rate of <0.05, while that for GSE54657 was P<0.01. Overlapping DEGs from the two datasets were screened out. Subsequently, pathway enrichment analysis was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery software (P<0.1; gene count ≥2). In addition, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the overlapped DEGs were obtained based on IntAct, Database of Interacting Proteins, Biomolecular Interaction Network Database and Human Protein Reference Database. Finally, a PPI network was visualized using Cytoscape software. A total of 137 overlapped DEGs were obtained, and DEGs with opposite regulation directions in the two datasets were significantly enriched in focal adhesion and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Subsequently, a PPI network of overlapped DEGs was constructed. Comprehensively, a total of 8 key DEGs [cysteine and glycine rich protein 1 (CSRP1), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), myosin light chain 9 (MYL9), filamin A (FLNA), actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1), vinculin (VCL), laminin subunit gamma 2 (LAMC2) and claudin 1 (CLDN1)] were upregulated in GC tissues and downregulated in celecoxib-treated cells. In conclusion, celecoxib may exhibit anti-GC effects by suppressing the expression of CSRP1, THBS1, MYL9, FLNA, ACTN1, VCL, LAMC2 and CLDN1, and inhibiting leukocyte transendothelial migration and focal adhesion. However, relevant experiments are required to confirm the conclusion of the present study.
Collaborative consultation: the efficacy of remedial and compensatory interventions in school contexts.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the intervention success of weekly collaborative consultation between therapists and teachers. METHOD Ten therapist-teacher pairs consulted for 60 min weekly throughout the school year about students identified as having sensory integration dysfunction with learning problems. Each week, the pairs identified a specific functional classroom goal then designed either a remedial or compensatory intervention and set criteria for intervention success. At each successive weekly meeting, the pairs determined whether the goal was met. Intervention success was analyzed across 10 students (for a total of 213 goals). RESULTS There was a positive effect for overall intervention success. Although remedial and compensatory interventions were equally successful across student performance areas, therapist-teacher pairs demonstrated a preference for compensatory and academic goals. CONCLUSION The overall positive effect for intervention success suggests that when occupational therapists and teachers collaborate on behalf of students, they can facilitate student success in a variety of performance areas. Therapist-teacher preference for compensatory and academic goals indicates that therapist-teacher collaboration can be useful for occupational therapists to link interventions to academic goals in school contexts.
Adverse drug reactions to dopamine agonists: A comparative study in the french pharmacovigilance database

Pharmacodynamical differences between dopamine agonists (DAs) suggest differences in their adverse drug reactions (ADRs) profile. In this study, frequencies of ADR to DAs or levodopa reports in the French Pharmacovigilance Database were explored. Reports occurring between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 2008 were selected (2,189 for DAs and 1,315 for levodopa). The numbers of ADRs by system organ class were compared using ropinirole as a reference. Diurnal somnolence was less frequently reported with all DAs when compared with ropinirole (P < 0.001). Impulse control disorders (ICDs) were more frequently reported with pramipexole (P < 0.001). Significant difference was found among DAs in the frequency of confusion or disorientation (P < 0.001), nausea and vomiting (P < 0.05), or edemas (P < 0.001). No difference among DAs was observed in the frequency of hallucination or arterial hypotension ADR reports (P = 0.3 and P = 0.1). Pleural effusions were more frequently reported with pergolide or bromocriptine (P < 0.001). Somnolence or ICD reports were less frequent with levodopa, whereas confusion was more frequently reported. In summary, our data show significant differences in the kind of ADRs reported for each DA. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Discovering Binding Cores in Protein-DNA Binding Using Association Rule Mining with Statistical Measures

Understanding binding cores is of fundamental importance in deciphering Protein-DNA (TF-TFBS) binding and for the deep understanding of gene regulation. Traditionally, binding cores are identified in resolved high-resolution 3D structures. However, it is expensive, labor-intensive and time-consuming to obtain these structures. Hence, it is promising to discover binding cores computationally on a large scale. Previous studies successfully applied association rule mining to discover binding cores from TF-TFBS binding sequence data only. Despite the successful results, there are limitations such as the use of tight support and confidence thresholds, the distortion by statistical bias in counting pattern occurrences, and the lack of a unified scheme to rank TF-TFBS associated patterns. In this study, we proposed an association rule mining algorithm incorporating statistical measures and ranking to address these limitations. Experimental results demonstrated that, even when the threshold on support was lowered to one-tenth of the value used in previous studies, a satisfactory verification ratio was consistently observed under different confidence levels. Moreover, we proposed a novel ranking scheme for TF-TFBS associated patterns based on p-values and co-support values. By comparing with other discovery approaches, the effectiveness of our algorithm was demonstrated. Eighty-four binding cores with PDB support are uniquely identified.
Simulating Specification Errors and Ambiguities in Systems Employing Design Diversity

Abstract : This paper looks at methods for predicting how likely it is that an n-version software system will suffer from common-mode failures. Common-mode failures are frequently caused by specification errors, specification ambiguities, and programmer faults. Since common-mode failures are detrimental to n-version systems, we have developed a method and a tool that observes the impact of simulated specification errors and specification ambiguities. These observations are made possible by a new family of fault injection algorithms designed to simulate specification anomalies. As a side benefit, this analysis also provides clues concerning which portions of the specification, if even slightly wrong or misinterpreted, will lead to identical failures by two or more versions. This suggests which specification directives have the most impact on the system's functionality.
Association of Age at Menopause With Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study and Meta‐Analysis

Background Early age (<45 years) at menopause has been postulated to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, evidence of its relation with heart failure (HF) incidence is limited. We examined whether age at menopause is associated inversely with HF incidence in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study and summarized all existing data in a meta‐analysis. Methods and Results In ARIC, data were obtained from 5629 postmenopausal women (mean age 56 years, 26% with bilateral oophorectomy) without HF. During a median follow‐up of 21.4 years, 965 incident HF events occurred. In a Cox regression model adjusted for reproductive health and HF risk factors, the hazard ratios for incident HF across categories of age at menopause (<45, 45–49, 50–54, and ≥55 years) were 1.32, 1.17, 1.00 (referent), and 1.12, respectively. Compared with women with later onset of menopause (aged ≥45 years), those with early menopause had elevated HF risk (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.43). For the meta‐analysis, we searched Medline and Embase for articles published through December 2015 that prospectively evaluated age at menopause and HF risk. Summarized estimates from the 3 included studies (3568 events) showed higher HF risk among women with early menopause compared with those with later menopause (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.53). Conclusions These results provided evidence that early age at menopause is associated with a modestly greater risk of HF. Identification of women with early menopause offers a window of opportunity to implement interventions that will improve overall cardiovascular health during the postmenopausal years.
Time-dependent proteomic and genomic alterations in Toll-like receptor-4-activated human chondrocytes: increased expression of lamin A/C and annexins

Activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in articular chondrocytes increases the catabolic compartment and leads to matrix degradation during the development of osteoarthritis. In this study, we determined the proteomic and genomic alterations in human chondrocytes during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of TLR-4 activation. Human chondrocytes were cultured with LPS for 12, 24, and 36 h to induce TLR-4 activation. The TLR-4-induced inflammatory response was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis of increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression levels. In TLR-4-activated chondrocytes, proteomic changes were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy analysis, and genomic changes were determined by microarray and gene ontology analyses. Proteomics analysis identified 26 proteins with significantly altered expression levels; these proteins were related to the cytoskeleton and oxidative stress responses. Gene ontology analysis indicated that LPS treatment altered specific functional pathways including ‘chemotaxis’, ‘hematopoietic organ development’, ‘positive regulation of cell proliferation’, and ‘regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process’. Nine of the 26 identified proteins displayed the same increased expression patterns in both proteomics and genomics analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed the LPS-induced increases in expression levels of lamin A/C and annexins 4/5/6. In conclusion, this study identified the time-dependent genomic, proteomic, and functional pathway alterations that occur in chondrocytes during LPS-induced TLR-4 activation. These results provide valuable new insights into the underlying mechanisms that control the development and progression of osteoarthritis.
Non-LTE Balmer line formation in late-type spectra: effects of atomic processes involving hydrogen atoms

Context. The wings of Balmer lines are often used as effective temperature diagnostics for late-type (F, G, K) stars under the assumption they form in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Aims. Our goal is to investigate the non-LTE excitation and ionisation of hydrogen and the formation of Balmer lines in late-type stellar atmospheres, to establish if the assumption of LTE is justified. Furthermore, we aim to determine which collision processes are important for the problem; in particular, the role of collision processes with hydrogen atoms is investigated. Methods. A model hydrogen atom for non-LTE calculations has been constructed accounting for various collision processes using the best available data from the literature. The processes included are inelastic collisions with electrons and hydrogen atoms, mutual neutralisation and Penning ionisation. Non-LTE calculations are performed using the MULTI code and the MACKKL semi-empirical solar model, and the relative importance of the collision processes is investigated. Similar calculations are performed for MARCS theoretical models of other late-type stellar atmospheres. Results. Our calculations show electron collisions alone are not sufficient to establish LTE for the formation of Balmer line wings. Mutual neutralisation and Penning ionisation are found to be unimportant. The role of inelastic collisions with neutral hydrogen is unclear. The available data for these processes is of questionable quality, and different prescriptions for the rate coefficents give significantly different results for the Balmer line wings. Conclusions. Improved calculations or experimental data are needed for excitation and, particularly, ionisation of hydrogen atoms in low-lying states by hydrogen atom impact at near threshold energies. Until such data are available, the assumption of LTE for the formation of Balmer line wings in late-type stars is questionable.
Modeling temporal sequences of cognitive state changes based on a combination of EEG-engagement, EEG-workload, and heart rate metrics

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of physiological metrics such as ECG-derived heart rate and EEG-derived cognitive workload and engagement as potential predictors of performance on different training tasks. An unsupervised approach based on self-organizing neural network (NN) was utilized to model cognitive state changes over time. The feature vector comprised EEG-engagement, EEG-workload, and heart rate metrics, all self-normalized to account for individual differences. During the competitive training process, a linear topology was developed where the feature vectors similar to each other activated the same NN nodes. The NN model was trained and auto-validated on combat marksmanship training data from 51 participants that were required to make “deadly force decisions” in challenging combat scenarios. The trained NN model was cross validated using 10-fold cross-validation. It was also validated on a golf study in which additional 22 participants were asked to complete 10 sessions of 10 putts each. Temporal sequences of the activated nodes for both studies followed the same pattern of changes, demonstrating the generalization capabilities of the approach. Most node transition changes were local, but important events typically caused significant changes in the physiological metrics, as evidenced by larger state changes. This was investigated by calculating a transition score as the sum of subsequent state transitions between the activated NN nodes. Correlation analysis demonstrated statistically significant correlations between the transition scores and subjects' performances in both studies. This paper explored the hypothesis that temporal sequences of physiological changes comprise the discriminative patterns for performance prediction. These physiological markers could be utilized in future training improvement systems (e.g., through neurofeedback), and applied across a variety of training environments.
Supervisory Medium Access Control for Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Networks

IEEE 802.11 MAC is the most commonly used MAC layer protocol in multi-hop ad hoc networks. When the network load becomes heavy, the throughput performance of IEEE 802.11 MAC is decreased because of the high channel collision. In this letter, we analyze the throughput of multi-hop ad hoc networks and propose an offered load control scheme to maximize the throughput based on a supervisory control framework
Modélisation réaliste de l'activation des récepteurs dans les cellules excitatrices de l'hippocampe

Chemically mediated synaptic transmission results from fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane, subsequent release of the vesicular content into the cleft and binding to postsynaptic receptors. Previous modeling studies of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate were based on simplified geometries failing to account for the biologically realistic synaptic environment, in particular, the presence of astrocytes, the geometry of extracellular space, and the neurotransmitter uptake mechanism. Using 3-dimensional reconstructions of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses including the surrounding astrocytic processes we have developed a biologically realistic model to analyze receptor activation in different conditions. We used the finite element method (FEM) to simulate glutamate release, analyze glutamate diffusion following single and multiple vesicle release and binding at the postsynaptic site to AMPA and NMDA receptors. We also demonstrate that in the case of multivesicle neurotransmitter release with variable delays, the binding of
On the conditional residual lifetime of coherent systems under double regularly checking

In this paper, we consider a coherent system with n independent and identically distributed components under the condition that the system is monitored at time instances t1 and t2 (t1 < t2). First, various mixture representations for reliability function of the conditional residual lifetime of the coherent system are derived under different scenarios at times t1 and t2 (t1 < t2). Several stochastic comparisons between two systems are also made based on the proposed conditional random variables. Then, we consider the conditional residual lifetime of the functioning components of the system given that j components have failed at time t1 and the system has failed at time t2. Some stochastic comparisons on the proposed conditional residual lifetimes are investigated. Several illustrative graphs and examples are also provided.