Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Burnout in Portuguese Healthcare Professionals: An Analysis at the National Level].

INTRODUCTION Burnout is a psychological syndrome, characterized by a state of high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment, which leads to erosion of personal, professional and health values. This study reports the incidence of burnout in Portuguese Healthcare professionals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Burnout in Portugal's health professionals was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, using a zero (never) to six (always) ordinal scale, on a sample of 1 262 nurses and 466 physicians with mean age of 36.8 year (SD = 12.2) and 38.7 (SD = 11.0), respectively. Participants came from all national districts (35% Lisbon, 18% Oporto, 6% Aveiro, 6% Setúbal, 5% Coimbra, 5% Azores and Madeira), working in hospitals (54%), Families' Health Units (30%), Personalized Health Units (8%) and other public or private institutions (8%). RESULTS Analysis of MBI-HSS scores, stratified by district, revealed that both types of professionals had moderate to high levels of burnout (M = 3.0, SD = 1.7) with no significant differences between the two groups. Vila Real (M = 3.8, SD = 1.7) and Madeira (M = 2.5, SD = 1.5) were the regions where burnout levels were higher and lower, respectively. Burnout levels did not differ significantly between Hospital, Personalized Health Units and Families' Health Centers. Professionals with more years in the function were less affected by Burnout (r = -0.15). No significant association was observed with the duration of the working day (r = 0.04). The strongest predictor of burnout was the perceived quality of working conditions (r = -0.35). DISCUSSION The occurrence of the burnout syndrome in Portuguese health professionals is frequent, being associated with a poor working conditions perception and reduced professional experience. The incidence of the burnout syndrome shows regional differences which may be associated with different and suboptimal conditions for health care delivery. Results suggest the need for interventions aimed at improving working conditions and initial job training of health professionals, as requisites for a good professional practice and personal well-being. CONCLUSIONS At the national level, between 2011 and 2013, 21.6% of healthcare professionals showed moderate burnout and 47.8% showed high burnout. The perception of poor working conditions was the main predictor of burnout occurrence among the Portuguese health professionals.
A meeting at the gene

Modern biology has many triumphs to celebrate, but a generally applicable species definition is not among them. This is no small debt, because classification of the differentness of organisms is a basic and undeniable human need inherited from our non‐human ancestors. If for no other purpose than simple communication, we need words to describe the levels of differentness among the organisms that we observe, from the highest Linnean ranks down to the things that taxonomists call species. But biologists have found it impossible to agree upon where, exactly, to position the upper and lower boundaries of species in the spectrum of variation observable for any given group of organisms. It is perhaps biology's most grotesque concession that 140 years after the publication of The Origin of Species (Darwin, 1859), we still do not know exactly what those things are whose origin the theory of evolution explains. We know that species reside somewhere within a continuum of genetic diversity extending from the individual to the kingdom, but we are wholly unable to pinpoint them. This circumstance has a far‐reaching impact upon efforts to quantify biological diversity, because if species as units of diversity are an outdated concept (Bachmann, 1998), we are faced with a serious problem: how to measure biodiversity? To illustrate the matter, consider the following estimates provided in a recent review: 14 million total contemporary species distributed across some 1–6 billion global populations with extinction rates surmised to encompass at least 27 000 species per year (Purvis and Hector, 2000). These values, like all current measures of biodiversity, involve in one way or another the concept of species numbers or richness. But how can we rely upon them when the unit of count is an undefined quantity? Conservationists are fully aware of the seemingly insurmountable difficulties posed by defining …
Evaluating Ontology Evaluation

Before we can give industry recommendations for incorporating ontology technology into their IT systems, we must consider two types of evaluation: content evaluation and ontology technology evaluation. Evaluating content is a must for preventing applications from using inconsistent, incorrect, or redundant ontologies. It’s unwise to publish an ontology that one or more software applications will use without first evaluating it. A wellevaluated ontology won’t guarantee the absence of problems, but it will make its use safer. Similarly, evaluating ontology technology will ease its integration with other software environments, ensuring a correct technology transfer from the academic to the industrial world. In this contribution, I explore both evaluation dimensions to try to answer the following questions: • How were widely used ontologies (including Cyc, WordNet and EuroWordNet, Standard Upper Ontology, and the DAML+OIL library) evaluated during development or once they were implemented in an ontology language? • How robust are ontology evaluation methods? What type of ontology components do they evaluate? Are they independent of the language used to implement the ontologies? • How do ontology development platforms perform content evaluation? How mature are the evaluation tools incorporated on such platforms? Which types of errors do these tools detect? • What are the criteria used for evaluating ontology tools? What are the results?
Dynamics of Cytosine Methylation in the Proximal Promoters of CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 in Pediatric and Prenatal Livers

Members of the human CYP3A family of metabolizing enzymes exhibit developmental changes in expression whereby CYP3A7 is expressed in fetal tissues, followed by a transition to expression of CYP3A4 in the first months of life. Despite knowledge about the general pattern of CYP3A activity in human development, the mechanisms that regulate developmental expression remain poorly understood. Epigenetic changes, including cytosine methylation, have been suggested to play a role in the regulation of CYP3A expression. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in cytosine methylation of the CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 genes in human pediatric and prenatal livers. The methylation status of cytosine-phospho-guanine dinucleotides was determined in 16 pediatric liver samples using methyl-seq and confirmed by bisulfite sequencing of 48 pediatric and 34 prenatal liver samples. Samples were separated by age into five groups (prenatal, < 1 year of age, 1.8–6 years, 7–11 years, and 12–17 years). Methyl-seq anaylsis revealed that cytosines in the proximal promoter of CYP3A7 are hypomethylated in neonates compared with adolescents (P < 0.001). In contrast, a cytosine 383 base pair upstream of CYP3A4 is hypermethylated in liver samples from neonates compared with adolescents (P = 0.00001). Developmental changes in methylation of cytosines in the proximal promoters of CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 in pediatric livers were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. In addition, the methylation status of cytosine in the CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 proximal promoters correlated with changes in developmental expression of mRNA for the two enzymes.
Modelling of interfacial fracture of layered structures

The paper analyses the problem of an interfacial crack propagating between two elastic layers, generally different the one from the other for thickness and material. The layers are modelled as shear-deformable laminated beams of finite length, connected one another by an interface of negligible thickness, and subjected to general loads at their ends. The problem is formulated through a set of six differential equations. In the simplest case of a linearly elastic interface, the problem is analytically solved by adopting the interfacial stresses as principal unknowns. Thus, explicit expressions for the interfacial stresses, internal forces, displacements, energy release rate, and mode mixity angle are determined.
The co‐developmental dynamic of sport and school burnout among student‐athletes: The role of achievement goals

Student‐athletes who strive for success in high‐level sports while pursuing upper secondary education may be prone to sport and school burnout. This study examined the co‐developmental dynamic of sport and school burnout in Finnish adolescent student‐athletes (Ntime 1 = 391; Ntime 2 = 373) across the first year of upper secondary school using cross‐lagged structural equation modeling (SEM). Furthermore, we used sport and school‐related achievement goals as predictors of sport and school burnout, namely sport and school‐related exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inadequacy. The results showed that burnout dimensions in a particular domain were substantially stable within the same domain during the first year of upper secondary school and that school‐related exhaustion at the beginning of upper secondary school predicted sport‐related exhaustion at the end of the school year. Mastery goals in sport and school were negatively associated with cynicism and feelings of inadequacy within the same domain. Furthermore, performance goals in school were positively associated with school‐related cynicism. The results can be used by healthcare professionals for early prevention of student‐athletes' burnout.
Relationships between Psychosocial Characteristics and DemocraticValues in Iranians: A Cross-Cultural Study

This paper investigates the extent to which differences in people’s socio-political attitudes and behaviours are underpinned by individual characteristics. Two groups of volunteers: (a) an Iranian sample that have been resident in UK for less than two years, and (b) a British sample, took part in this study. A series of validated scales was used to examine differences in levels of empathy, theory of mind, flexibility, suggestibility, emotionality, openness, normative identity style, interpersonal trust, cooperativeness, emotionality, prosocial behaviour, egalitarian sex role, and authoritarianism between groups. Self-reported socio-political tendency, in terms of adherence to democracy, was also assessed. The results show significant differences in levels of these variables between the two cultural groups. Furthermore, the findings shed some light on the psychological and social factors that are related to democratic values and that predict this outcome in the two groups. Implications of the findings for policy makers and educational systems are discussed.
Wealth management: Modeling the nonlinear dependence

This work aims the development of an enhanced portfolio selection method, which is based on the classical portfolio theory proposed by Markowitz (1952) and incorporates the local Gaussian correlation model for optimization. This novel method of portfolio selection incorporates two assumptions: the non-linearity of returns and the empirical observation that the relation between assets is dynamic. By selecting ten assets from those available in Yahoo Finance from S&P500, between 1985 and 2015, the performance of the new proposed model was measured and compared to the model of portfolio selection of Markowitz (1952). The results showed that the portfolios selected using the local Gaussian correlation model performed better than the traditional Markowitz (1952) method in 63% of the cases using block bootstrap and in 71% of the cases using the standard bootstrap. Comparing the calculated Sharpe ratios, the proposed model yielded a better adjusted risk-return in the majority of the cases studied. 5
Conical Intersection Dynamics in NO2 Probed by Homodyne High-Harmonic Spectroscopy

Coincident vibrational and electronic rearrangements in a photoexcited molecule are tracked in fine detail. Conical intersections play a crucial role in the chemistry of most polyatomic molecules, ranging from the simplest bimolecular reactions to the photostability of DNA. The real-time study of the associated electronic dynamics poses a major challenge to the latest techniques of ultrafast measurement. We show that high-harmonic spectroscopy reveals oscillations in the electronic character that occur in nitrogen dioxide when a photoexcited wave packet crosses a conical intersection. At longer delays, we observe the onset of statistical dissociation dynamics. The present results demonstrate that high-harmonic spectroscopy could become a powerful tool to highlight electronic dynamics occurring along nonadiabatic chemical reaction pathways.
Design and development of a swellable and mucoadhesive gastroretentive tablets of amoxycillin

An attempt has been made to develop a gastroretentive sustained release delivery system with swellable and mucoadhesive properties for a drug like amoxycillin that has gives localised action along with the added advantage of a common side effect like disturbance of colonic bacteria. Hydrophilic polymers like poly (ethylene oxide), hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose were tried in combinations and statistically optimised. Formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release profile, swelling characteristics and in vitro mucoadhesion property. Stability study was carried out to ensure the complete characterisation of the formulation. Gastroretentive ability was assured by in vivo study of non medicated tablet formulations by X-ray method. A 3 2 factorial design was used to optimize the formulation to get the release profile for upto 24 h. The in vitro drug release followed Weibull kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of anomalous or non-Fickian type. The high water uptake leading to higher swelling of the tablet supported the anomalous release mechanism of amoxycillin. Also the mucoadhesion property values were satisfying. A formulation can be developed using swellable mucoadhesive biopolymers, which show excellent adhesion and gastroretention and desired release profiles thus providing temporal and spatial control.
Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses in Acclimatized Lowlanders on Prolonged Stay at High Altitude: A Longitudinal Follow Up Study

Acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude is reported to cause sympathetic dominance that may contribute to the pathophysiology of high altitude illnesses. The effect of prolonged stay at high altitude on autonomic functions, however, remains to be explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of high altitude on autonomic neural control of cardiovascular responses by monitoring heart rate variability (HRV) during chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Baseline electrocardiography (ECG) data was acquired from the volunteers at mean sea level (MSL) (<250 m) in Rajasthan. Following induction of the study population to high altitude (4500–4800 m) in Ladakh region, ECG data was acquired from the volunteers after 6 months (ALL 6) and 18 months of induction (ALL 18). Out of 159 volunteers who underwent complete investigation during acquisition of baseline data, we have only included the data of 104 volunteers who constantly stayed at high altitude for 18 months to complete the final follow up after 18 months. HRV parameters, physiological indices and biochemical changes in serum were investigated. Our results show sympathetic hyperactivation along with compromise in parasympathetic activity in ALL 6 and ALL 18 when compared to baseline data. Reduction of sympathetic activity and increased parasympathetic response was however observed in ALL 18 when compared to ALL 6. Our findings suggest that autonomic response is regulated by two distinct mechanisms in the ALL 6 and ALL 18. While the autonomic alterations in the ALL 6 group could be attributed to increased sympathetic activity resulting from increased plasma catecholamine concentration, the sympathetic activity in ALL 18 group is associated with increased concentration of serum coronary risk factors and elevated homocysteine. These findings have important clinical implications in assessment of susceptibility to cardio-vascular risks in acclimatized lowlanders staying for prolonged duration at high altitude.
Maintenance of redox balance by antioxidants in hemolymph of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae during encapsulation response.

The lipid peroxidation process in hemocytes, activities of phenoloxidase and key enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (thiols, ascorbate) in hemolymph of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were studied during the encapsulation process of nylon implants. It has been established that as soon as 15 min after piercing a cuticle with the implant, a capsule is formed on its surface. Active melanization of the capsule has been shown to last for 4 h. During the first hours after incorporating the implant, an increase in phenoloxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in the insect hemocytes has been revealed. Adhesion and degranulation on the surface of foreign object lead to the depletion of total hemocytes count (THC). Our results indicated that thiols and ascorbate molecules take part in the immediate antioxidant response, during later stages of encapsulation process hemolymph glutathione-S-transferase detoxifies and protects insect organism thereby restoring the internal redox balance. We suggest that nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants of hemolymph plasma play a key role in the maintenance of redox balance during encapsulation of foreign targets.
Stylene: an Environment for Stylometry and Readability Research for Dutch

We describe an educational demonstration interface and tools for stylometry (authorship attribution and profiling) and readability research for Dutch. The Stylene system consists of a popularisation interface for learning about stylometric analysis, and of web-based interfaces to software for readability and stylometry research aimed at researchers from the humanities and social sciences who do not want to develop or install such software themselves.
Surgical Treatment of Rhinosinusitis-Related Orbital Complications: Factors Affecting Irreversible Blindness

Abstract If left untreated, rhinosinusitis can rarely cause a devastating complication irreversible blindness (IB). Despite new technologies in endoscopic sinus surgery and use of new broad-spectrum antibiotics, IB outcome is still a problem for surgically treated orbital complication of paranasal sinus infection (OCPSI) patients, and factors leading to IB outcome are not actually known. The aim of this study was to assess the factors leading to the IB outcome for surgically treated OCPSI patients. Results of 25 surgically treated OCPSI patients in our clinic were combined with surgically treated OCPSI patients reported through the PubMed database search from the year 2007. Patients were divided into 2 groups: IB group and recovery group. Patients having at least 1 immune status-related additional risk factor (ARF) were more common in the IB group, having an at least 1 ARF had 1.683 risk value of IB outcome (RR: 1.683, P = 0.006). IB patients had statistically significant higher mean (21.87 ± 40.35, P = 0.005) time interval (days) (TI) between onset of ophthalmological symptoms and surgical intervention compared to recovery group patients (2.92 ± 2.53). ROC curve analysis for an estimation of IB outcome according to the TI value demonstrated that a cut-off value of ≥2.5 days had the ideal sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (71.9%) that resulted in IB outcome. (80.5% power, P = 0.008) IB and recovery group patients did not differ according to orbital complication type according to Chandler's classification (P = 0.492) and white blood cell count status (P = 0.584). In conclusion, OCPSI patients with ARFs and delayed admission after onset of orbital symptoms have a higher risk of IB outcome. These patients deserve prompt evaluation and early surgical intervention to prevent blindness. With future studies, new surgical criteria, including the ARF status and onset of ophthalmological symptoms (≥2.5 days) may be added to classical surgical criteria to prevent IB for OCPSI cases.
Quantification of Flavin-containing Monooxygenases 1, 3, and 5 in Human Liver Microsomes by UPLC-MRM-Based Targeted Quantitative Proteomics and Its Application to the Study of Ontogeny

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) have a significant role in the metabolism of small molecule pharmaceuticals. Among the five human FMOs, FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5 are the most relevant to hepatic drug metabolism. Although age-dependent hepatic protein expression, based on immunoquantification, has been reported previously for FMO1 and FMO3, there is very little information on hepatic FMO5 protein expression. To overcome the limitations of immunoquantification, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted quantitative proteomic method was developed and optimized for the quantification of FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5 in human liver microsomes (HLM). A post-in silico product ion screening process was incorporated to verify LC-MRM detection of potential signature peptides before their synthesis. The developed method was validated by correlating marker substrate activity and protein expression in a panel of adult individual donor HLM (age 39–67 years). The mean (range) protein expression of FMO3 and FMO5 was 46 (26–65) pmol/mg HLM protein and 27 (11.5–49) pmol/mg HLM protein, respectively. To demonstrate quantification of FMO1, a panel of fetal individual donor HLM (gestational age 14–20 weeks) was analyzed. The mean (range) FMO1 protein expression was 7.0 (4.9–9.7) pmol/mg HLM protein. Furthermore, the ontogenetic protein expression of FMO5 was evaluated in fetal, pediatric, and adult HLM. The quantification of FMO proteins also was compared using two different calibration standards, recombinant proteins versus synthetic signature peptides, to assess the ratio between holoprotein versus total protein. In conclusion, a UPLC-MRM-based targeted quantitative proteomic method has been developed for the quantification of FMO enzymes in HLM.