Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Framework for an Indonesian Medical Question Generator

Question generating is the task of automatically generating questions from various inputs such as raw text, database, or semantic representation. In this paper, we attempt to describe a general framework that could help develop and characterise efforts to Indonesian medical questions generation. We propose a new style of question generation that actively uses sentences within a document as a source of answers. We use manually written rules to perform a sequence of general purpose syntactic transformations (e.g. identification of keywords or key phrases to NER based on PICO frame) to turn a declarative sentence into questions. The final result of this research is a pattern of question and answer pairs, where the test results show the pattern matching algorithm precision value of 0.101 and a recall of 0.712.
Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement Strategy for VSC-HVDC Systems Supplying for Passive Industrial Installations

This paper proposes a modified current-limit strategy (MCLS) and a frequency hysteresis control (FHC) for improving the disturbance ride-through capability of a VSC-HVDC link supplying passive industrial installations. Since industrial loads are more sensitive to voltage drops than frequency deviations, it is essential to guarantee the stability of voltage during severe faults. The development of the control methods includes three steps. First, the main factor that affects the ac voltage in the passive industrial system is analyzed in order to enhance the voltage stability more effectively. Second, according to the analytical results, the MCLS is proposed to increase the ac voltage in transient conditions. Third, in order to make the MCLS have a better control result, the FHC is added to the VSC controller with the MCLS, which can also further enhance the ac voltage of the passive system. The simulation tests under metallic single-phase and three-phase faults are performed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the results verify the validity of the control methods.
Mobile execution environment for non-intermediated content distribution

Despite the availability of various mobile features and the ability to stay always connected, there are very few applications that truly take advantage of the mobile platform. Frequently, mobile applications are just reduced versions of or thin interfaces to existing personal computer (PC)-based applications, and therefore do not support specific mobile features. Moreover, Web-based applications are seldom rendered appropriately on mobile devices. Finally, mobile applications are designed for the exclusive use of the mobile owner, interacting with the network using a client/server approach. This paper presents the concept of distributed mobile applications, focusing on the use of mobile capabilities that allow users to generate content and to access that content using a mobile-to-mobile interaction approach. It provides a blueprint for a new multi provider/multi consumer decentralized platform which will provide users with access to content that may have been previously unavailable via dedicated applications.
Contact Point and Object Position from Force/Torque and Position Sensors for Grasps with a Dextrous Robotic Hand

Wahrend der letzten Jahre entstanden an Forschungseinrichtungen weltweit eine grose Anzahl an kunstlichen Handen fur Roboter. Ein Grosteil der Anwendungen dieser Roboterhande benotigt Sensorinformationen, die gewohnlicherweise nicht direkt zur Verfugung stehen: 1.den exakten Kontaktpunkt zwischen Objekt und den einzelnen Fingeroberflachen, 2. die Lage des Objektes relativ zur Hand. Zur Bestimmung des Kontaktpunktes werden in dieser Arbeit zwei Verfahren vorgestellt: Ein Verfahren beobachtet die eingeschrankte Bewegung eines von Fingern gegriffenen Objektes. Die Einschrankung ist charakteristisch und kann daher zur Bestimmung der Kontaktpunkte benutzt werden. Ein zweites Verfahren bestimmt die Kontaktpunkte aus den durch den Kontakt verursachten Kraften und Momenten, die in entsprechenden Sensoren mesbar sind. Zur Schatzung der Lage des Objektes schlagt diese Arbeit ein optimiertes Vergleichsverfahren zwischen obigen Kontaktpunkten und einem Modell der Objektoberflache vor.
Behavioral Antitrust: A New Approach to the Rule of Reason after Leegin

The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., which replaced the longstanding per-se rule against resale price maintenance (RPM) with a rule of reason approach, has resurrected the debate over RPM. Legal and economic proponents of this practice again point to its potential procompetitive benefits, while RPM detractors emphasize its possible anticompetitive consequences. Despite their disagreements regarding the overall RPM evaluation, however, scholars, the Court, and the limited empirical data appear near-unanimous in agreeing that such arrangements can either increase or decrease efficiency. Consequently, the RPM debate predominantly revolves around theoretical assertions regarding the likely frequency and significance of RPM's pro- versus anti-competitive manifestations. Importantly, however, all of these theories also assume – like traditional antitrust scholarship more generally – that manufacturers are strictly rational actors, who employ only profit-maximizing arrangements. In contrast, a behavioral analysis suggests that real-world, boundedly-rational manufacturers are prone to overuse RPM, at times harming consumers. The available evidence reveals this excessive reliance on RPM slowly diminishes over time, as biased manufacturers are taught or disciplined by the market. The slow demise of this practice, however, may entail significant efficiency losses over many years. Yet because RPM will sometimes be procompetitive, Leegin's rejection of its per-se condemnation in favor of a rule of reason analysis is still justified. The present analysis therefore not only offers a novel account of resale price maintenance, but also shows how boundedly rational RPM challenges the various post-Leegin approaches developed by some courts, enforcement agencies, and scholars on both sides of the RPM debate. We close by outlining our alternative, behaviorally informed, structured rule of reason inquiry for this restraint.
Immuno‐Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection and Quantitation of Prion Protein

Abstract Immuno‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely sensitive detection method, combining the specificity of antibody detection and the sensitivity of PCR. We have developed an immuno‐quantitative PCR (iqPCR), exploiting real‐time PCR technology, in order to improve this immuno‐detection method and make it quantitative. To illustrate the advantages of iqPCR, we have compared it with a conventional enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) technique in experiments aimed at detecting the cellular and the resistant form of prion protein in bovine brain extract. The iqPCR technique proved to be more sensitive than ELISA, so it could be a technique of choice for the diagnosis of infected animals both at an ante mortem and post‐mortem stage.
Are Nectar Sugar Composition and Corolla Tube Length Related to the Diversity of Insects that Visit Asteraceae Flowers?

Abstract: In this work, we analysed interspecific variation in nectar sugar composition, corolla tube length, and the diversity of floral visitors of 35 Asteraceae species. The potential correlations between these variables could arise either as a result of selection to improve pollinator attractiveness or simply as a consequence of phylogenetic constraints. Samples of nectar and flowers, and data on floral visitors, were obtained from living plants in natural populations from Argentina. Asteraceae species showed a large variability in corolla tube length. Nectar of most species presented a larger proportion of hexoses than sucrose. All species were visited by numerous insects belonging to 2 different orders. Results showed that floral traits are not significantly correlated with the diversity of floral visitors. These characters seem to be linked to the phylogeny of the species. Early branching species (species phylogenetically close to the root of the Asteraceae tree) tend to have longer corollas, higher sucrose proportions and lesser diversity of floral visitors than late branching species. Considering that longer corolla tubes and higher nectar sucrose percentages may indicate some specialization in the pollination system, we suggest that there is an evolutionary tendency toward generalist pollination systems within the family.
Mesleki Stresin Temel Nedenleri Ve Muhtemel Sonuçları: Manisa İlindeki SMMM’ler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu calismanin amaci, muhasebe mensuplarinda mesleki stresin temel nedenlerini ve bunlarin mesleki stres sonuclariyla iliskisini arastirmaktir. Stres kaynagi olarak rol belirsizligi, rol catismasi, asiri rol yuku ve kariyer gelisimiyle ilgili endiseler ile stresin sonuclari olarak ise bagli gerginlik, is degistirme/birakma niyeti ve is tatmini ele alinmistir. Likert olcek turlerine gore hazirlanan anket Manisa Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Musavirler Odasi’na kayitli toplam 422 serbest mali musavirden 319 meslek mensubuna uygulanmistir. Ise bagli gerginliklerle nitel asiri rol yuku, rol catismasi, nicel asiri rol yuku ve kariyer gelisimiyle ilgili endiseler arasinda iliski bulunmus, rol belirsizligiyle arasinda bir iliski tespit edilmemistir. Adim adim regresyon analizlerinde ise bagli gerginlikleri nitel asiri rol yuku ve rol catismasinin birlikte acikladigi, is tatminini ise rol catismasi, rol belirsizligi ve kariyer gelisimiyle ilgili endiselerin aciklama gucunun oldugu bulunmustur.
Prevention of Inflammatory Activation of Human Gestational Membranes in an Ex Vivo Model Using a Pharmacological NF-κB Inhibitor1

Intrauterine inflammation plays a major role in the etiology of preterm labor and birth. We established an ex vivo model employing perfused full-thickness term gestational membranes to study membrane transport, function, and inflammatory responses. Exposure of the maternal (decidual) face of the membranes to LPS (5 μg/ml) resulted in increased accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the maternal compartment within 4 h, followed by a response in the fetal (amniotic) compartment. Using cytokine arrays, exposure to LPS was found to result in increased secretion of a large number of cytokines and chemokines in both compartments, most notably IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine), MIG (monokine induced by IFN-γ), TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine), TGF-β, and TNF-α. PGE2 accumulation also increased in response to LPS, particularly in the fetal compartment. Cotreatment with sulfasalazine, which inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, had a rapid and marked inhibitory effect on the rate of cytokine accumulation in the maternal compartment, with lesser but significant effects observed in the fetal compartment. While membrane integrity was not discernibly impaired with LPS or sulfasalazine exposure, rates of chorionic apoptosis after 20 h were doubled in sulfasalazine-treated tissues. We conclude that the system described provides a means of accurately modeling human gestational membrane functions and inflammatory activation ex vivo. Decidual LPS exposure was shown to elicit a robust inflammatory response in both the maternal and fetal compartments. Sulfasalazine was an effective antiinflammatory agent in this model, but also exerted proapoptotic effects that raise concerns regarding its placental effects when administered in pregnancy.
Effects of sevoflurane on QT interval in a patient with congenital long QT syndrome.

THE inhaled anesthetics enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane prolong the electrocardiographic QT interval in healthy patients. 1 In patients with idiopathic long QT syndrome, however, cardiac arrest and death during halothane anesthesia, 2 absence of QT interval change during enflurane administration, 3 and shortening of QT interval during isoflurane anesthesia 4 suggest that generalizations from healthy patients to patients with long QT syndromes are unjustified. Similarly, thiopental prolongs QT interval in healthy patients 5 but had no effect in patients with long QT syndrome. 6 We recently anesthetized a young woman with idiopathic long QT syndrome. We report the effects of sevoflurane on the QT interval in this patient.
An Evolutionary and Local Refinement Approach for Community Detection in Signed Networks

An approach to detect communities in signed networks that combines Genetic Algorithms and local search is proposed. The method optimizes the concepts of modularity and frustration in order to find network divisions far from random partitions, and having positive and dense intra-connections, while sparse and negative inter-connections. A local search strategy to improve the network division is performed by moving nodes having positive connections with nodes of other communities, to neighboring communities, provided that there is an increase in signed modularity. An extensive experimental evaluation on randomly generated networks for which the ground-truth division is known proves that the method is competitive with a state-of-art approach, and it is capable to find accurate solutions. Moreover, a comparison on a real life signed network shows that our approach obtains communities that minimize the positive inter-connections and maximize the negative intra-connections better than the contestant methods.
Identification of friendly and deictic gestures in a sequence using upper body skeletal information

Human-robot interaction has become a popular topic in the domestic environment owing to the increase in elderly population. In order to achieve a more natural interaction process, robots are expected have human-like interaction capabilities. Human-like behavior should extend beyond the interaction process to perceive human intention. The robots are required to have intelligence to interpret and distinguish a human user's instructions as well as friendly behavior before making decisions regarding interaction. This paper presents a model that can identify a sequence of gestures without the interference of voice commands. The system extracts and analyzes upper body skeletal information for a period of time in order to identify friendly and deictic gestures separately, before initiating an interaction on user demand. Ability of the robot to perceive friendly or calling gestures alongside deictic gestures make the task of commanding the robot easier and nonverbal. This behavior enables interaction process even in noisy environments as well as at relatively longer distances. To achieve this behavior, the system is equipped with separate units to extract and analyze information, estimate 3 types of gestures in series and finally to take decisions regarding whether to interact with the user. The system is implemented and tested in an artificially created domestic environment. Results of the conducted experiment are used to verify the behavior of the proposed system.
Efficacy of escitalopram in patients with severe depression: a pooled analysis

Escitalopram is an effective, well‐tolerated treatment for major depressive disorder in both primary and specialist settings. This analysis compared the efficacy of escitalopram with citalopram in the treatment of patients with severe depression [defined as a score of ≥30 Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)]. Data from three clinical trials were used for this pooled analysis. A total of 506 severely depressed patients were included (169 received escitalopram, 171 citalopram and 166 placebo). Mean change from baseline in MADRS total scores (primary efficacy parameter) was significantly higher in the escitalopram‐treated group compared with the citalopram‐treated group (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference in response between escitalopram and citalopram (56 vs. 41%, respectively, p = 0.007). Results from secondary efficacy parameters (Hamilton rating for depression and Clinical Global Impression of Improvement and Severity scales) were consistent with previous results. The benefits in severe depression of escitalopram vs. citalopram were so demonstrated.
Anabolic or Catabolic Responses of MC3T3‐E1 Osteoblastic Cells to Parathyroid Hormone Depend on Time and Duration of Treatment

We have investigated signaling (cAMP) and anabolic responses (mineralization of extracellular matrix [ECM]) to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in long‐term (30 days) cultures of MC3T3‐E1 cells, a murine model of osteoblast differentiation. Expression of PTH/PTH–related peptide receptor (PTH1R) mRNA is detected early and remains relatively constant for 2 weeks with somewhat higher levels observed during the second half of the culture period. In contrast to the relatively stable PTH1R mRNA expression, the cAMP response to PTH varies markedly with no response at day 5 and a marked response (80‐fold versus control) by day 10. Responsiveness to PTH remains elevated with fluctuations of 30‐ to 80‐fold stimulation throughout the remainder of the culture period. The timing and duration of PTH treatment to achieve in vitro mineralization of ECM was evaluated. When continuous PTH treatment was initiated before day 20, mineralization decreased. If continuous PTH treatment began on or after day 20, mineralization was unaffected. However, if treatment began on day 20 and then stopped on day 25, mineralization on day 30 was increased 5‐fold. This mineralization response to intermittent PTH was confirmed in primary cultures of murine and human osteoblastic cells. These data provide a potential basis for understanding the differential responses to PTH (anabolic versus catabolic) and indicate the developmental temporal variance of anabolic and catabolic responses. Since cAMP signaling was relatively unchanged during this interval (day 10–30) and stimulation of adenylate cyclase only partially mimicked the PTH effect on increased mineralization, other signaling pathways are likely to be involved in order to determine the specific anabolic response to short‐term PTH treatment during the differentiation process.
Detection of Phase Singularities in Triangular Meshes

Summary Objectives : Phase singularities have become a key marker in animal and computer models of atrial and ventricular fibrillation. However, existing algorithms for the automatic detection of phase singularities are limited to regular, quadratic mesh grids. We present an algorithm to automatically and exactly detect phase singularities in triangular meshes. Methods : For each node an oriented path inscribing the node with one unit of spatial discretization is identified. At each time step the phase information is calculated for all nodes. The so-called topological charge is also computed for each node. A non-zero (± 2π) charge is obtained for all nodes with a path enclosing a phase singularity. Thus all charged nodes belonging to the same phase singularity have to be clustered. Results : With the use of the developed algorithm, phase singularities can be detected in triangular meshes with an accuracy of below 0.2 mm – independent of the type of membrane kinetics used. Conclusions : With the possibility to detect phase singularities automatically and exactly, important quantitative data on cardiac fibrillation can be gained.
Pyruvate-enhanced cardioprotection during surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether pyruvate-fortified cardioplegia solution provides cardioprotection superior to lactate-based cardioplegia solutions in patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization, with specific attention to post-surgical recovery of left ventricular performance as well as biochemical markers of ischemic injury. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, semi-blinded human trial. SETTING Community-based academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to two 4:1 blood cardioplegia solutions, one pyruvate enhanced and the other lactate based. Hemodynamic and laboratory variables were measured in all patients at pre-cross-clamp, post-cross-clamp, and 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after bypass. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Relative to lactate-based cardioplegia, pyruvate-fortified cardioplegia sharply increased left ventricular stroke work at 4 to 12 hours after bypass (p < 0.001), lowered coronary sinus troponin I and creatine phosphokinase-MB activities 67% (p < 0.001) and 53% (p < 0.01), respectively, and increased coronary sinus hemoglobin O(2) saturation 18% (p < 0.001). Ten patients treated with lactate cardioplegia required beta-adrenergic inotropic support postbypass, but only 4 pyruvate-treated patients required beta-adrenergic support (p = 0.067). Pyruvate cardioplegia shortened postsurgery hospitalization from 6.3 +/- 0.3 to 5.2 +/- 0.1 days (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Pyruvate-fortified cardioplegia mitigated myocardial injury during coronary artery bypass surgery and facilitated postsurgical recovery of cardiac performance. Thus, pyruvate-enhanced cardioplegia may provide cardioprotection superior to lactate-based solutions during surgical cardiac arrest.
The 2nd Wave of the Digital Consumer Revolution: Challenges and Opportunities!

Consumers are now living in the era of the 2nd wave of the digital consumer revolution, where consumer lifestyle will be greatly enhanced. Most critically, the underlying human need to maximize the value of time, and provide "cool" experiences will drive the explosive growth of Internet services which provide vivid visual content. While many challenges and opportunities exist across the entire industrial value-chain for services, network infrastructure, and consumer products, technological innovation in consumer products still remains an important issue. Such innovations provide the very interface between consumers and desired Internet services supporting consumer lifestyle and fulfilling consumer needs.
Matrix-independent survival of human keratinocytes through an EGF receptor/MAPK-kinase-dependent pathway.

Normal epithelial cells undergo apoptosis when they are denied contact with the extracellular matrix, in a process termed "anoikis. " Conversely, malignant epithelial cells typically acquire anchorage independence, i.e., the capacity to survive and grow in the absence of matrix interaction. Here we asked the question whether anoikis is affected by signaling through the EGF receptor (EGFR). We focused on the EGFR because EGFR signaling is frequently deregulated in malignant epithelial cells. We demonstrate that EGFR activation markedly alleviated the requirement of matrix engagement for survival of primary and immortalized human keratinocytes in suspension culture. Protection of epithelial cells through EGFR activation against anoikis was associated with and required sustained MAPK phosphorylation during the early phase of suspension culture. Interestingly, high levels of MAPK phosphorylation were not only required for EGFR-mediated protection against anoikis but also occurred as a consequence of caspase activation at later stages of suspension culture. These results demonstrate that EGFR activation contributes to anchorage-independent epithelial cell survival and identify MAPK activation as an important mechanism in this process.