Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Is Associated with Cold Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis

Background Mild cold exposure and overfeeding are known to elevate energy expenditure in mammals, including humans. This process is called adaptive thermogenesis. In small animals, adaptive thermogenesis is mainly caused by mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue and regulated via the sympathetic nervous system. In humans, skeletal muscle is a candidate tissue, known to account for a large part of the epinephrine-induced increase in energy expenditure. However, mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle has not extensively been studied in relation to adaptive thermogenesis in humans. Therefore we hypothesized that cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis in humans is accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Methodology/Principal Findings The metabolic response to mild cold exposure in 11 lean, male subjects was measured in a respiration chamber at baseline and mild cold exposure. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling (state 4) was measured in muscle biopsies taken at the end of the respiration chamber stays. Mild cold exposure caused a significant increase in 24h energy expenditure of 2.8% (0.32 MJ/day, range of −0.21 to 1.66 MJ/day, p<0.05). The individual increases in energy expenditure correlated to state 4 respiration (p<0.02, R2 = 0.50). Conclusions/Significance This study for the first time shows that in humans, skeletal muscle has the intrinsic capacity for cold induced adaptive thermogenesis via mitochondrial uncoupling under physiological conditions. This opens possibilities for mitochondrial uncoupling as an alternative therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity.
In Vivo Function of Hsp90 Is Dependent on ATP Binding and ATP Hydrolysis

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), an abundant molecular chaperone in the eukaryotic cytosol, is involved in the folding of a set of cell regulatory proteins and in the re-folding of stress-denatured polypeptides. The basic mechanism of action of Hsp90 is not yet understood. In particular, it has been debated whether Hsp90 function is ATP dependent. A recent crystal structure of the NH2-terminal domain of yeast Hsp90 established the presence of a conserved nucleotide binding site that is identical with the binding site of geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of Hsp90. The functional significance of nucleotide binding by Hsp90 has remained unclear. Here we present evidence for a slow but clearly detectable ATPase activity in purified Hsp90. Based on a new crystal structure of the NH2-terminal domain of human Hsp90 with bound ADP-Mg and on the structural homology of this domain with the ATPase domain of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, the residues of Hsp90 critical in ATP binding (D93) and ATP hydrolysis (E47) were identified. The corresponding mutations were made in the yeast Hsp90 homologue, Hsp82, and tested for their ability to functionally replace wild-type Hsp82. Our results show that both ATP binding and hydrolysis are required for Hsp82 function in vivo. The mutant Hsp90 proteins tested are defective in the binding and ATP hydrolysis–dependent cycling of the co-chaperone p23, which is thought to regulate the binding and release of substrate polypeptide from Hsp90. Remarkably, the complete Hsp90 protein is required for ATPase activity and for the interaction with p23, suggesting an intricate allosteric communication between the domains of the Hsp90 dimer. Our results establish Hsp90 as an ATP-dependent chaperone.
Reconsidering light transport: acquisition and display of real-world reflectance and geometry

In this thesis, we cover three scenarios that violate common simplifying assumptions about the nature of light transport. We begin with the rst ingredient to any 3D rendering: a geometry model. Most 3D scanners require the object-of-interest to show diuse reectance. e further a material deviates from the Lambertian model, the more likely these setups are to produce corrupted results. By placing a traditional laser scanning setup in a participating (in particular, uorescent) medium, we have built a light sheet scanner that delivers robust results for a wide range of materials, including glass. Further investigating the phenomenon of uorescence, we notice that, despite its ubiquity, it has received moderate attention in computer graphics. In particular, to date no datadriven reectance models of uorescent materials have been available. To describe the wavelength-shiing reectance of uorescent materials, we dene the bispectral bidirectional reectance and reradiation distribution function (BRRDF), for which we introduce an image-based measurement setup as well as an ecient acquisition scheme. Finally, we envision a computer display that shows materials instead of colours, and present a prototypical device that can exhibit anisotropic reectance distributions similar to common models in computer graphics.
Multiple-Access Schemes

Multiple access schemes are natural not only in communication systems but also in many other systems such as computer systems, storage facilities, or servers of any kind, where resources are shared by a number of nodes. In this article we address mainly shared communication channels. The goal of this article is to survey typical examples of multiple access schemes. These examples include TDMA, FDMA, Aloha, polling, and tree-based schemes. The allocated space for the topic of multiple access schemes in the encyclopedia (which is yet another shared resource) is just too tiny to include all the ingenious multiple access schemes that have been designed by researchers over the years. Keywords: multiple access schemes; time-division multiple access; frequency-division multiple access; Aloha; pulling; carrier-sensing multiple access
System Design Overview 8.1 Top Level Specifications

1. Provision for up to 10 frequency bands (i.e. to handle outputs of up to 10 receivers). 2. Maximum IF bandwidth 16 GHz per antenna, to be subdivided into eight bands, each 2 GHz wide. Choice of assignment of the eight bands between two polarizations, and for SIS receivers between upper and lower sidebands, to be provided. 3. The 2 GHz bandwidth to be adjustable downwards in factor-of-two steps to 31.25 MHz, as desired, for the correlator input. 4. The 16 IF bands from each antenna to be converted to four-level digital form as input to the correlator system. 5. Local oscillator signals to allow for full tunability of IF bands across receiver bands. 6. LO system to allow tunability in increments small compared with the narrowest IF filter bandwidth (i.e. approximately 5 MHz, but exact figure to be chosen for convenience in LO design). 7. Provision of phase switching on first LO by 90 and 180 steps. 8. Provision of frequency offsets for fringe rotation on the first LO and a later one. 1. Overall goal of systems development is to test concepts for signal paths from receiver outputs to correlator input, including the required LO system, associated monitor and control, etc. 2. Option: location of samplers for A/D conversion of signals. Base plan is to bring signals from antennas in analog form and digitize at Electronics building. Alternate plan is to digitize at antennas and to transmit to Electronics building in digital form. 3. Verify concept of switching system for selection of signals from different receivers (Fig.2). In particular, that IF response can be maintained sufficiently flat (1dB) over 2 GHz band.
Scholarly Use of the Internet by Faculty Members

Abstract A quantitative survey of faculty members in a research university setting examined how they are using the Internet in their scholarly work: contacting colleagues, gathering support, conducting research, disseminating knowledge, and publishing results. Contacting colleagues was the aspect of scholarly work that was most supported by Internet use. There were moderate correlations for conducting research and disseminating knowledge with the presence of works online and published articles. Extent and scope of communications were found to increase with years of use, but use decreased with years of age. There was moderate support for organizational and environmental factors in contacting colleagues.
The Expressive Powers of Stable Models for Bound and Unbound DATALOG Queries

Various types of stable models are known in the literature:T-stable(total stable),P-stable(partial stable, also calledthree-valued stable),M-stable(maximal stable, also known under various different names), andL-stable(least undefined stable). For each type of stable model, the paper analyzes two versions of deterministic semantics:possiblesemantics, which is based on the union of all stable models of the given type, anddefinitesemantics, which is instead based on their intersection and is like classicalcertainsemantics except that it makes no inference if no model exists. For total stable models, which are the only type of stable models whose existence is not guaranteed for every program, certain semantics is taken into account as well. The expressive powers of each type of stable model under the above versions of semantics are investigated for bothbound(i.e., ground) andunboundqueries on DATALOG programs with negation. As deterministic semantics is argued to be inappropriate for unbound queries, a non-deterministic semantics is also proposed for them and its expressive power is fully characterized as well.
A "Running" Gravitational Constant?

If the gravitational interaction is unified with the electroweak and strong interactions at a mass M=10^15 GeV, the evolution of Newton's constant must differ from its classical (general relativistic) form. We can model such behavior by introducing an ad hoc dependence on ln(s/4m^2) where s is the usual cm energy between two protons. We can then predict the observable effects for relativistic collisions (sqrt(s)~1.4x10^4 GeV) as well as for the case of low velocity motion (beta^2~10^-5)
State of the Art on Hybrid Systems Identification

Hybrid systems has attracted the attention of many researchers in the recent years because of their ability to capture the mixed continuous and discrete dynamics of many real systems. In the recent years many work has been devoted to the formalization of such models and to the control of systems presenting hybrid dynamics. But the identification of systems based on hybrid models has not coped as much attention as the control until recently. Still, some methods have been developed in the recent years which try to identify models of hybrid systems using diverse techniques. In the following sections we will try to present the problem addressed under the name of Hybrid Systems Identification, and do a brief review of the methods solving this problem currently available. A problem associated to the identification of hybrid linear systems is the formalization of the observability of such systems. This problem has also received much attention in the recent years and much literature [1, 2] is available for different models and assumptions on the systems under study. In this paper we will not include results in this area, but we will concentrate in the theory for identification/estimation of models and the algorithms to achieve that [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. In Section 2 we present a formalization of a general class of Hybrid Systems, Section 3 is devoted to the presentation of the general identification problem as well as different solutions to particularizations of it. In Section 4 some current open issues on the topic can be found. Finally Section 5 concludes the document with a short summary and conclusions.