Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis on the Two-phase Test Sample Sparse Representation Method and an Improved Method

The recently proposed two-phase test sample sparse representation (TPTSR) method makes a great contribution to the field of face recognition. Though TPTSR uses a computationally very efficient algorithm, it can obtain a better performance than the well-known sparse representation method. In the first phase of TPTSR, the determined M nearest neighbors for the test sample seem not to be optimal in terms of the representation error. In other words, it is probably that there exist M training samples whose linear combination has a smaller deviation from the test sample. This deviation is referred to as representation error of the test sample. If the smaller the representation error, the higher the accuracy, then it will be possible that one can obtain a better face recognition result. In this paper, in order to explore this issue, we propose an improved method. This method revises the first phase of TPTSR as a step that uses the global search algorithm to determine the M " optimal " nearest neighbors of the test sample. We show the representation error and classification accuracy of the improved method and TPTSR by experimental results.
Contribution of reactive oxygen species to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vasomotor dysfunction, and microhemorrhage in aged Tg2576 mice

Significance One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is a strong and independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and dementia. However, the mechanisms by which CAA contributes to these conditions are poorly understood. Results from the present study provide strong evidence that vascular oxidative stress plays a causal role in CAA-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction, CAA-induced cerebral hemorrhage, and CAA formation, itself. They also suggest that NADPH oxidase is the source of this oxidative stress and that strategies to inhibit NADPH oxidase may have therapeutic potential in patients with AD and CAA. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) within walls of cerebral arteries and is an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with and without Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress plays a key role in soluble Aβ-induced vessel dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which insoluble Aβ in the form of CAA causes cerebrovascular (CV) dysfunction are not clear. Here, we demonstrate evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in particular, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are a key mediator of CAA-induced CV deficits. First, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, and the nonspecific ROS scavenger, tempol, are shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve CV reactivity in aged Tg2576 mice. Second, the observed improvement in CV function is attributed both to a reduction in CAA formation and a decrease in CAA-induced vasomotor impairment. Third, anti-ROS therapy attenuates CAA-related microhemorrhage. A potential mechanism by which ROS contribute to CAA pathogenesis is also identified because apocynin substantially reduces expression levels of ApoE—a factor known to promote CAA formation. In total, these data indicate that ROS are a key contributor to CAA formation, CAA-induced vessel dysfunction, and CAA-related microhemorrhage. Thus, ROS and, in particular, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are a promising therapeutic target for patients with CAA and AD.
Metabolic engineering of hydroxy fatty acid production in plants: RcDGAT2 drives dramatic increases in ricinoleate levels in seed oil.

SUMMARY A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from many wild species, progress has been limited because the expression of these genes in transgenic plants produces low yields of the desired products. For example, Ricinus communis fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) produces a maximum of only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis. cDNA clones encoding R. communis enzymes for additional steps in the seed oil biosynthetic pathway were identified. Expression of these cDNAs in FAH12 transgenic plants revealed that the R. communis type-2 acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (RcDGAT2) could increase HFAs from 17% to nearly 30%. Detailed comparisons of seed neutral lipids from the single- and double-transgenic lines indicated that RcDGAT2 substantially modified the triacylglycerol (TAG) pool, with significant increases in most of the major TAG species observed in native castor bean oil. These data suggest that RcDGAT2 prefers acyl-coenzyme A and diacylglycerol substrates containing HFAs, and biochemical analyses of RcDGAT2 expressed in yeast cells confirmed a strong preference for HFA-containing diacylglycerol substrates. Our results demonstrate that pathway engineering approaches can be used successfully to increase the yields of industrial feedstocks in plants, and that members of the DGAT2 gene family probably play a key role in this process.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Prices: Empirical Evidences from Major Southeast Asian Countries

Most of the empirical studies on exchange rate pass-through focus on industrialized countries, and only a few studies have been done for developing countries. In this paper we estimate exchange rate pass-through for four Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, by employing cointegration analysis and Error Correction Mechanism. The results of the estimation using quarterly data show that the long run exchange rate pass-through into import prices for Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand are 0.983, 1.179, 0.200, and 0.800, respectively. When we use monthly data, the estimates of the long run exchange rate pass-through are 0.885, 1.529, 0.109, and 0.396 for Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, respectively. To compare exchange rate pass-through in Southeast countries with those of industrialized countries we estimate the exchange rate pass-through of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. The exchange rate pass-through of Southeast Asian countries do not have systematic difference with the exchange rate pass-through of the sample of industrialized countries. Macro variables that appear to contribute to the variation of exchange rate pass-through across countries sample are inflation and money growth. From micro side, the presence MNCs together with intra-firm trade seems to have contribution for the variation of exchange rate pass-through across countries.
Small GTP‐binding proteins in human endothelial cells

Small GTP‐binding proteins of the Ras superfamily control an extensive number of intracellular events by alternating between GDP‐ and GTP‐bound conformation. The presence of members of this protein family was examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells employing RT‐PCR. Sequence analysis of 215 cDNA clones revealed the presence of a total of 28 different partial cDNAs encoding small GTP‐binding proteins. Two sequences corresponded to novel isoforms of Rab2 and Rab9. In addition, human analogues of Rab4b, Rab7, Rab9, Rab14 and Rab15 were identified. Besides Rab proteins, members of other subfamilies were detected as well. As a first step towards elucidation of the function of the different small GTP‐binding proteins identified we have isolated full length cDNA corresponding to Rab30 from a human endothelial cell cDNA library. In order to assess the subcellular localization of Rab30, we expressed epitope‐tagged Rab30 cDNA in monkey kidney COS‐1 cells. Immunoelectron‐microscopy of transfected COS‐1 cells indicated that Rab30 is associated with Golgi stacks.
Effects of sulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on endometrial carcinogenicity in Donryu rats

Sulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) are known ovarian toxicants that stimulate prolactin (PRL) secretion, resulting in hypertrophy of the corpora lutea and increased progesterone (P4) production. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the PRL stimulatory agents affected uterine carcinogenesis and to clarify the effects of PRL on endometrial adenocarcinoma progression in rats. Ten‐week‐old female Donryu rats were treated once with N‐ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (20 mg kg−1), followed by treatment with sulpiride (200 ppm) or EGME (1250 ppm) from 11 weeks of age to 12 months of age. Sulpiride treatment inhibited the incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, whereas EGME had no effect on uterine carcinogenesis. Sulpiride markedly prevented the onset of persistent estrus throughout the study period, and EGME delayed and inhibited the onset of persistent estrus. Moreover, sulpiride‐treated animals showed high PRL and P4 serum levels without changes in the levels of estradiol‐17β, low uterine weights and histological luteal cell hypertrophy. EGME did not affect serum PRL and P4 levels. These results suggest that the prolonged low estradiol‐17β to P4 ratio accompanied by persistent estrous cycle abnormalities secondary to the luteal stimulatory effects of PRL may explain the inhibitory effects of sulpiride on uterine carcinogenesis in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sparse multi-user detection for non-orthogonal multiple access in 5G systems

A key technology in the 5th generation (5G) wireless communications is non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) which can effectively support massive random access. Since in a 5G system the number of active users generally does not exceed 10% of the total number of users in practice, the main challenge for multi-user detection (MUD) is the joint detection of sparse active users and their data. To address this challenge, we propose a novel compressed sensing based NOMA (CS-NOMA) scheme which can be deployed in a CDMA or an OFDM system and does not have control signaling overhead and need no knowledge of the active state of users. In the proposed scheme, K users are multiplexed over N shared resources (K ≫ N). Then, a CS-based MUD is applied to the proposed CS-NOMA scheme. Simulation results show that, in the case that active users are sparse (e.g., 10%), the proposed scheme can achieve a superior performance even when the system loading is up to 300%.
A Binary-Classification Method Based on Dictionary Learning and ADMM for Network Intrusion Detection

With the rapid development of computer networks, network security becomes the focus of attention. Intrusion detection plays an important role in network security. Recently, many typical methods in machine learning have been applied to intrusion detection system, because intrusion detection can be formalized as a binary-classification issue. However, they have a strict requirement for the distribution of dataset, which need a small and balanced dataset with less noise. Few new initiatives have been proposed to handle large and imbalanced datasets. Therefore, based on dictionary learning, we proposed a novel approach called ADM-DL. With the help of alternating direction multipliers method (ADMM) algorithm, the training time of our dictionary gets shorter and the accuracy of the dictionary becomes higher. Moreover, sparse representation and the minimum principle of reconstruction error are adopted to attain a more efficient binary-classification model. ADM-DL not only reduces the complexity of processing intractable datasets, but also obtains a low-complex and high-efficient classification model. The popular KDD-CUP-1999 datasets are adopted to evaluate the performance of our proposal. The experiment results show that ADM-DL can reduce the dimension of network security data, enhance the detection rate and decrease the false alarm rate of intrusion detection.
Relationship of dissociation to self-mutilation and childhood abuse in borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to document the prevalence of dissociative experiences in adult female inpatients with borderline personality disorder and to explore the relationship between dissociation, self-mutilation, and childhood abuse history. METHOD A treatment history interview, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered to 60 consecutively admitted female inpatients with borderline personality disorder as diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. RESULTS Fifty percent of the subjects had a score of 15 or more on the Dissociative Experiences Scale, indicating pathological levels of dissociation. Fifty-two percent reported a history of self-mutilation, and 60% reported a history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse. The subjects who dissociated were more likely than those who did not to self-mutilate and to report childhood abuse. They also had higher levels of current depressive symptoms and psychiatric treatment. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that each of these variables predicted dissociation when each of the others was controlled for, and that self-mutilation was the most powerful predictor of dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Female inpatients with borderline personality disorder who dissociate may represent a sizable subgroup of patients with the disorder who are at especially high risk for self-mutilation, childhood abuse, depression, and utilization of psychiatric treatment. The strong correlation between dissociation and self-mutilation independent of childhood abuse history should alert clinicians to address these symptoms first while exercising caution in attributing them to a history of abuse.
Labor Supply under Participation and Hours Constraints

The paper extends a static discrete-choice labor supply model by adding participation and hours constraints. We identify restrictions by survey information on the eligibility and search activities of individuals as well as actual and desired hours. This provides for a more robust identification of preferences and constraints. Both, preferences and restrictions are allowed to vary by and are related through observed and unobserved characteristics. We distinguish various restrictions mechanisms: labor demand rationing, working hours norms varying across occupations, and insufficient public childcare on the supply side of the market. The effect of these mechanisms is simulated by relaxing different constraints at a time. We apply the empirical frame- work to evaluate an in-work benefit for low-paid parents in the German institutional context. The benefit is supposed to increase work incentives for secondary earners. Based on the structural model we are able to disentangle behavioral reactions into the pure incentive effect and the limiting impact of constraints at the intensive and extensive margin. We find that the in-work benefit for parents substantially increases working hours of mothers of young children, especially when they have a low education. Simulating the effects of restrictions shows their substantial impact on employment of mothers with young children.
Design of a Single-Stage Inductive-Power-Transfer Converter for Efficient EV Battery Charging

This paper studies wireless charging of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The charging profile mandates a constant-current (CC) charging for a discharged battery until the battery voltage reaches the cutoff voltage at rated power. The charging continues at the cutoff voltage with a constant-voltage (CV) charging at a power level down to 3% of the rated power in order to fully charge the battery. An inductive-power-transfer (IPT) converter should be designed with minimal number of stages to achieve high efficiency. However, high efficiency for such a wide load range is difficult to achieve. Moreover, the efficiency-to-load relationship is distinctly different for CC and CV charging operations, posing difficulties for the single-stage design. This paper describes the design of a single-stage IPT converter that complies with the battery charging profile and, at the same time, achieves optimal efficiency. Design optimization includes soft switching for the entire battery load range, efficiency optimization for CC and CV modes of operation, and system efficiency optimization for the whole battery charging profile. Measured results of two experimental IPT battery chargers are presented for illustration and verification.
Self-perceived oral function in elderly residents in a suburban area of Stockholm, Sweden.

PURPOSE The primary aim was to describe self-perceived oral health and function in a group of adults aged 75 to 84 years. The secondary aim was to study the agreement between self-reported oral function and clinical findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 5% sample (150 subjects) was selected at random from the total population (2,910) of 75 to 84-year-old residents in suburban Stockholm, Sweden. The inclusion criterion was that the individual lived independently, without any community assistance. A questionnaire covering self-perceived chewing ability, mouth dryness and bleeding gums was sent by mail. The total response rate was 86%. Of these 129 respondents, a 25.0% subsample was randomly selected for clinical examination by a dental hygienist. No radiographs were used. RESULTS The average age of the individuals was 78.7 years (SD 2.71). Most were satisfied with their oral status and function: > 75.0% reported good chewing ability, correlating with the number of remaining teeth and dentures. Mouth dryness was reported by 41.5% of respondents to the questionnaire; one case was diagnosed in the subsample which underwent clinical examination. Bleeding gums were reported by 11.8% of respondents; clinical examination disclosed bleeding on probing in all participants. Mouth dryness and bleeding gums were not associated with chewing ability. CONCLUSION Most subjects reported satisfactory chewing ability. Deterioration in oral function correlated with fewer remaining teeth and removable dentures. In relation to the clinical findings, mouth dryness was 'over-reported' and bleeding gums were 'under-reported'.
Spectral distortions from the dissipation of tensor perturbations

Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) may become a powerful probe of primordial perturbations at small scales. Existing studies of spectral distortions focus almost exclusively on primordial scalar metric perturbations. Similarly, vector and tensor perturbations should source CMB spectral distortions. In this paper, we give general expressions for the effective heating rate caused by these types of perturbations, including previously neglected contributions from polarization states and higher multipoles. We then focus our discussion on the dissipation of tensors, showing that for nearly scale invariant tensor power spectra, the overall distortion is some six orders of magnitudes smaller than from the damping of adiabatic scalar modes. We find simple analytic expressions describing the effective heating rate from tensors using a quasi-tight coupling approximation. In contrast to adiabatic modes, tensors cause heating without additional photon diffusion and thus over a wider range of scales, as recently pointed out by Ota et. al 2014. Our results are in broad agreement with their conclusions, but we find that small-scale modes beyond k< 2x10^4 Mpc^{-1} cannot be neglected, leading to a larger distortion, especially for very blue tensor power spectra. At small scales, also the effect of neutrino damping on the tensor amplitude needs to be included.
Total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of reports regarding the long-term results of total knee arthroplasty in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who had been followed for a minimum of twelve years. METHODS Eight consecutive patients (fifteen knees) with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis underwent total knee arthroplasty at an average age of 16.8 years. Clinical evaluation of pain status, range of motion, and the ability to walk and radiographic evaluation of the alignment of the knees and component loosening were performed preoperatively and at a mean of 15.5 years postoperatively. RESULTS All patients had substantial pain and functional limitation before the surgery, and seven of the eight patients used a wheelchair. At the time of the latest follow-up, which was after revision surgery in three patients, all of the knees were pain-free and six patients were able to walk about the community. The mean arc of motion had increased from 36 degrees to 79 degrees . The final radiographic evaluation showed that thirteen of the fifteen knees were in neutral alignment and two were in valgus. Failure, defined as revision of any of the components or definite loosening as seen radiographically, occurred in three knees. CONCLUSIONS Good results, in terms of pain relief and restoration of function, were seen at a minimum of twelve years following total knee arthroplasty in our series of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This procedure is a reasonable option when nonoperative therapy has been inadequate for patients with severe disability and pain in this relatively young population.
Comparison of hemodynamics in the ascending aorta between pulsatile and continuous flow left ventricular assist devices using computational fluid dynamics based on computed tomography images.

This study aims to investigate differences in hemodynamic conditions in the thoracic aorta for pulsatile and continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Patient-specific models were reconstructed from three patients with continuous-flow LVAD (HeartMate II, Thoratec Corporation) and three patients with biventricular assist devices (Excor, Berlin Heart) where only the aortic part was included in the simulations. CFD simulations were performed with constant inflow for the continuous-flow LVADs and time-varying inflow for the pulsatile devices. Differences in flow patterns, wall shear stress (WSS), and dynamic pressure in the ascending aorta were compared for both cases. Retrograde flow patterns were observed in all cases proximal to the location of the outflow cannula anastomosis site. On average, dynamic pressures derived from the retrograde flow velocities were higher in the continuous-flow group with large variations dependent on the angle of the cannula anastomosis relative to the ascending aorta (continuous group: 0.14 ± 0.2 mm Hg, pulsatile group: 0.013 ± 0.008 mm Hg). Elevated WSS contralaterally to the anastomosis site was observed in three of the six models with higher values for the continuous cases. Lower WSS and reduced pressure in the ascending aorta, both favorable hemodynamic conditions, were found in pulsatile versus continuous-flow LVADs by means of CFD. These findings indicate, along with clinical observations reported by others, the superior performance of pulsatile LVADs.