Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Emotional Abuse in Childhood to Psychopathology in Adulthood: A Path Mediated by Immature Defense Mechanisms and Self-Esteem

The present study examined the course traveled from childhood emotional abuse to adulthood psychopathology. One hundred ninety-six undergraduate students age 20 to 45 (M = 27; SD = 8.17), answered self-report questionnaires assessing emotional abuse in childhood (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), parental attitudes (Parental Bonding Instrument), psychopathological symptomatology (Brief Symptom Inventory), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and defense mechanism organization (Defense Style Questionnaire). Results indicated that reported psychopathological symptomatology highly exceeded the Israeli norm. Structure Equation Modeling provided a statistically significant explanation (52%) of the target variable of psychopathological symptomatology. According to the path model, emotional abuse in childhood and perceptions of controlling and noncaring parents had an indirect effect on the psychopathology. This was mediated by immature defenses and low self-esteem. We conclude that the manifest psychopathology among adults who suffered emotional abuse in childhood is produced by the detrimental effect of abuse on personality, and takes the form of immature defense organization and damaged self-representation.
An overview of load balancing in hetnets: old myths and open problems

Matching the demand for resources ("load") with the supply of resources ("capacity") is a basic problem occurring across many fields of engineering, logistics, and economics, and has been considered extensively in both the Internet and wireless networks. The ongoing evolution of cellular communication networks into dense, organic, and irregular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has elevated load awareness to a central problem, and introduces many new subtleties. This article explains how several long-standing assumptions about cellular networks need to be rethought in the context of a load-balanced HetNet: we highlight these as three deeply entrenched myths that we then dispel. We survey and compare the primary technical approaches to HetNet load balancing: (centralized) optimization, game theory, Markov decision processes, and the newly popular cell range expansion (a.k.a. biasing), and draw design lessons for OFDMA-based cellular systems. We also identify several open areas for future exploration.
De novo Transcriptome Analysis of Portunus trituberculatus Ovary and Testis by RNA-Seq: Identification of Genes Involved in Gonadal Development

The swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important crab species in East Asia countries. Gonadal development is a physiological process of great significance to the reproduction as well as commercial seed production for P. trituberculatus. However, little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms governing the developmental processes of gonads in this species. To open avenues of molecular research on P. trituberculatus gonadal development, Illumina paired-end sequencing technology was employed to develop deep-coverage transcriptome sequencing data for its gonads. Illumina sequencing generated 58,429,148 and 70,474,978 high-quality reads from the ovary and testis cDNA library, respectively. All these reads were assembled into 54,960 unigenes with an average sequence length of 879 bp, of which 12,340 unigenes (22.45% of the total) matched sequences in GenBank non-redundant database. Based on our transcriptome analysis as well as published literature, a number of candidate genes potentially involved in the regulation of gonadal development of P. trituberculatus were identified, such as FAOMeT, mPRγ, PGMRC1, PGDS, PGER4, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSDs. Differential expression analysis generated 5,919 differentially expressed genes between ovary and testis, among which many genes related to gametogenesis and several genes previously reported to be critical in differentiation and development of gonads were found, including Foxl2, Wnt4, Fst, Fem-1 and Sox9. Furthermore, 28,534 SSRs and 111,646 high-quality SNPs were identified in this transcriptome dataset. This work represents the first transcriptome analysis of P. trituberculatus gonads using the next generation sequencing technology and provides a valuable dataset for understanding molecular mechanisms controlling development of gonads and facilitating future investigation of reproductive biology in this species. The molecular markers obtained in this study will provide a fundamental basis for population genetics and functional genomics in P. trituberculatus and other closely related species.
Quantitative Information Flow for Security : A Survey Technical Report : TR-08-06 ( updated on 2010 )

Information-flow security enforces limits on the use of information that cover both access and propagate in programs. Quantifying and measuring information flow in software has recently become an active research topic in computer security community. There has been a significant activity around the question of how to measure the amount of information flow caused by interference between variables by using information theoretic quantities. This report presents a detailed survey of related work in this area. It covers several area that have been associated with security information flow, providing with an overall view on what has been done and which are available metrics that can help researcher to get a more comprehensive view of the direction in this area. Possible future works are also suggested.
A strong carbon source effect is mediated by pUC plasmid sequences in a series of classical yeast vectors designed for promoter characterization

While using YIp356 and YEp356R lacZ reporter plasmids, we found lacZ expression driven by the ARG2 promoter to be much higher in cells grown on a non‐glucose carbon source than in glucose‐grown cells (5–10‐fold higher on galactose and up to 40‐fold higher on ethanol). Furthermore, expression increased 30‐fold upon shifting from a high‐glucose to a low‐glucose medium. This carbon source regulation requires Snf1p and possibly Ssn6p. It appears, however, to be artefactually mediated by plasmid sequences located upstream from the multicloning site. This emerged from the following observations: (a) the derepressive effect disappears if any extra piece of DNA is inserted upstream from the ARG2 promoter; and (b) similar derepression on low glucose is observed with another yeast promoter (ARG11), provided that the flanking 5′ region is short. We determined that the cis‐elements responsible for this physiologically irrelevant glucose regulation are located between positions 636 and 879 of the pUC18 DNA sequence. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality and religious orientation: shifting sands or firm foundations?

Beit-Hallahmi and Argyle concluded that individual differences in religiosity are inversely related to psychoticism but independent of extraversion and neuroticism. The aim of the present study is to test the generalizability of that conclusion within the context of Eysenck's dimensional model of personality by distinguishing between different conceptualizations of religiosity and by distinguishing between different overall levels of religiosity in the sample. A total of 517 undergraduate students in Wales completed the short-form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire together with the New Indices of Religious Orientation. The data demonstrated that in the sample as a whole, intrinsic religious orientation was associated with low psychoticism scores, but independent of extraversion scores and neuroticism scores; that extrinsic religious orientation was associated with low psychoticism scores and high neuroticism scores, but independent of extraversion scores; and that quest religious orientation was associated with high neuroticism scores and low extraversion scores, but independent of psychoticism scores. The pattern of relationships changed, however, when separate analyses were conducted among weekly churchgoers and among individuals who never attended church. These data suggest that the pattern of relationship between personality and religion may vary both according to the form of religiosity assessed and according to the samples being studied. The conclusion is drawn that Beit-Hallahmi and Argyle's conclusion is misleading unless nuanced in terms of the aspects of religiosity and the populations to which it applies.
Distribution-Invariant Dynamic Risk Measures

The paper provides an axiomatic characterization of dynamic risk measures for multi-period financial positions. For the special case of a terminal cash flow, we require that risk depends on its conditional distribution only. We prove a representation theorem for dynamic risk measures and investigate their relation to static risk measures. Two notions of dynamic consistency are proposed. A key insight of the paper is that dynamic consistency and the notion of ? measure convex sets of probability measures? are intimately related. Measure convexity can be interpreted using the concept of compound lotteries. We characterize the class of static risk measures that represent consistent dynamic risk measures. It turns out that these are closely connected to shortfall risk. Under weak additional assumptions, static convex risk measures coincide with shortfall risk, if compound lotteries of acceptable respectively rejected positions are again acceptable respectively rejected. This result implies a characterization of dynamically consistent convex risk measures.
Indirect adaptive routing on large scale interconnection networks

Recently proposed high-radix interconnection networks [10] require global adaptive routing to achieve optimum performance. Existing direct adaptive routing methods are slow to sense congestion remote from the source router and hence misroute many packets before such congestion is detected. This paper introduces indirect global adaptive routing (IAR) in which the adaptive routing decision uses information that is not directly available at the source router. We describe four IAR routing methods: credit round trip (CRT) [10], progressive adaptive routing (PAR), piggyback routing (PB), and reservation routing (RES). We evaluate each of these methods on the dragonfly topology under both steady-state and transient loads. Our results show that PB, PAR, and CRT all achieve good performance. PB provides the best absolute performance, with 2-7% lower latency on steady-state uniform random traffic at 70% load, while PAR provides the fastest response on transient loads. We also evaluate the implementation costs of the indirect adaptive routing methods and show that PB has the lowest implementation cost requiring <1% increase in the total storage of a typical high-radix router.
Low Birth Weight and Parental Investment: Do Parents Favor the Fittest Child?

Do parents contribute to birth weight disparities in status attainment? This study uses a nationally representative sample of 8,550 children and 1,450 twins from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort to investigate whether, as recent studies have suggested, parents favor healthier children. Children with poor health are found to receive fewer parental investments, including breast-feeding and quality parent-child interaction, but results from between- and within-family regression models, using low birth weight as a proxy for child health, find no evidence that parents compensate for or reinforce child health endowments. Instead, birth-weight disparities in parental investment are linked with observable family, maternal, and child sociodemographic characteristics. Our results shed new light on the broad spectrum of disadvantage faced by children with poor health, and raise doubts about the utility of human capital models to explain birth weight disparities in parental investment.
Functional timing analysis using ATPG

The authors show how unmodified conventional Automatic Test Pattern Generators (ATPG) for such faults can be used for functional timing analysis without sacrificing computational efficiency in comparison with existing approaches to the same problem. This is a significant result since it permits use of the entire body of work in ATPG for this problem. The procedure can handle any delay model used in logic synthesis and simulation, making it applicable at any level of circuit abstraction during logic synthesis. Preliminary experimental results are presented to show that not only is the proposed procedure practical but in fact is significantly better than competing approaches on troublesome circuits. <<ETX>>
The 'Fed Model' and the Changing Correlation of Stock and Bond Returns: An Equilibrium Approach

This paper presents an equilibrium model that provides a rational explanation for two features of data that have been considered puzzling: The positive relation between US dividend yields and nominal interest rates, often called the Fed-model, and the time-varying correlation of US stock and bond returns. Key ingredients are time-varying first and second moments of consumption growth, inflation, and dividend growth in conjunction with Epstein-Zin and Weil recursive preferences. Historically in the US, inflation has signalled low future consumption growth. The representative agent therefore dislikes positive inflation shocks and demands a positive risk premium for holding assets that are poor inflation hedges, such as equity and nominal bonds. As a result, risk premiums on equity and nominal bonds comove positively through their exposure to macroeconomic volatility. This generates a positive correlation between dividend yields and nominal yields and between stock and bond returns. High levels of macro volatility in the late 1970s and early 1980s caused stock and bond returns to comove strongly. The subsequent moderation in aggregate economic risk has brought correlations lower. The model is able to produce correlations that can switch sign by including the covariances between consumption growth, inflation, and dividend growth as state variables.
Stability and change in adult attachment styles: associations with personal vulnerabilities, life events. and global construals of self and others

Abstract The current study examined the predictors of stability and change in adult attachment styles in a community sample (N = 442) of women who underwent an abortion. Across a two-year time period, 46% of our participants changed their attachment style, suggesting that these styles may be relatively flexible. Among those women who changed their attachment style, stable vulnerability factors (a history of depression and/or abuse) were related to increases in insecurity over time, whereas changes in global construals of self and others (e.g., increases in self-esteem and perceptions of social support) were related to increases in security over time. Relationship-related life events (e.g., divorce, the death of someone close) were not strongly related to attachment style stability or change. Finally, changes in attachment style across time were accompanied by corresponding changes in overall mental health. These findings suggest that although attachment styles are moderately stable over time, meaningful c.
Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis in ovaries of sexually‐mature zebrafish (Danio rerio)

This study investigates the regulation of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the ovaries of sexually‐mature zebrafish (Danio rerio). We examined the ovarian expression of genes within the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, and the ovarian levels of 17α,20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one (17α,20β‐P), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and PGF2α in spawning and nonspawning fish during the ovulatory cycle. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cpla2) and cyclooxygenases (COX)‐2 (ptgs2) in ovarian fragments and in isolated full‐grown follicles of spawning fish were highest at 6:00 when ovulation was expected to occur. In nonspawning fish, cpla2 expression levels declined over time while ptgs2 expression displayed the same temporal pattern as in spawning fish. Elevated levels of 17α,20β‐P in the spawning fish occurred at 3:30, but there were no changes in the nonspawning fish. In other studies conducted to investigate the hormonal regulation of AA pathway genes, fish exposed via the water for 24 or 96 hr to 17α,20β‐P or E2 exhibited reduced ovarian expression levels of COX‐1 (ptgs1) and PG E synthase‐2 (ptgsl), and E2 reduced the expression of cpla2. Injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (100 IU) led to increased expression levels of cpla2 and ptgs2 at 2 and 18 hr post‐treatment, but consistently reduced ptgs1 and ptgsl expression. In these fish, ovarian levels of 17α,20β‐P were elevated at all time points and PGF2α levels in the hCG‐treated group were significantly higher than the control fish at 18 hr. Collectively, these in vivo results suggest that gonadotropins and steroids are involved in the regulation of the AA pathway in ovarian follicles of zebrafish. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1064–1075, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND VARIETAL-GAP OF RICE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: A META-FRONTIER MODEL APPROACH

This study uses the concept of meta-frontier function to examine the technical efficiency and varietal-gap of rice production in Nigeria. A random sample of 675 farmers was selected from three out six geographical zones in Nigeria. The farmers in this study were classified into three groups according to the variety of rice they planted. The three main varieties of rice planted are local (Ofada), improved (Mai-Nasara) and New Rice for African (NERICA). The technical efficiency indices were computed using the meta-frontier approach because production varieties and technologies were expected to differ between the three varieties. This method allows the measure of the varietal-differences which is the Technology Gap Ratio (TGR). Estimates of the frontier were obtained assuming a translog functional form. Results revealed mean technical efficiency of 55%, 58% and 57% for Ofada, Mai-Nasara and NERICA varieties, respectively. Farm size, hired labour, fertilizer, seed, age, gender, household size and amount of credit are the determinants of technical efficiency of farmers in Nigeria rice production. The average values of varietal technology gap are more than 0.83 in all the varieties. This suggests high differences between the varieties and a need for application of frontiers that accommodate such differences. To increase efficiency in rice production in Nigeria, farm size, fertilizer usage, seed quantity and credit need to be increased.
PCORnet: turning a dream into reality

Many modern physician specialists like to think of their work as grounded in strong science. Yet 5 years ago, a group of cardiologists published their findings on the science underlying over 2700 practice recommendations issued by their specialty societies.1 Only 314 (or 11%) were based on ‘level A’ evidence, that is, evidence based on multiple well-done randomized trials. Nearly half of the recommendations were based solely on ‘expert opinion. ’ Even more disconcerting is the fact that despite the activities of many researchers, the vast majority of ongoing clinical trials are too small to provide evidence relevant to patients and clinicians.2 Robust trials that can support recommendations grounded in solid science are few and far between, in part because they have become too expensive and complicated to run. Our biomedical enterprise is conducting many clinical trials, yet we may not be getting all that much for what we spend.3 No wonder that too often, patients and caregivers seeking information on how best to improve their health or the health of their loved ones find that biomedicine does not have answers for questions they ask. Too often, clinicians cannot tell patients which therapies are likely to work best for individuals like them. Too often risks, benefits, and impact on quality of life are uncertain. Providing accurate answers based on the highest levels of scientific evidence for the majority of unresolved clinical questions is a revolutionary dream shared by patients, providers, payers, health plans, researchers, and policy makers alike. PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research … Correspondence to Dr Kathy L Hudson, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; kathy.hudson{at}nih.gov
TRIÈST: Counting Local and Global Triangles in Fully-Dynamic Streams with Fixed Memory Size

We present TRIEST, a suite of one-pass streaming algorithms to compute unbiased, low-variance, high-quality approximations of the global and local (i.e., incident to each vertex) number of triangles in a fully-dynamic graph represented as an adversarial stream of edge insertions and deletions. Our algorithms use reservoir sampling and its variants to exploit the user-specified memory space at all times. This is in contrast with previous approaches, which require hard-to-choose parameters (e.g., a fixed sampling probability) and offer no guarantees on the amount of memory they use. We analyze the variance of the estimations and show novel concentration bounds for these quantities. Our experimental results on very large graphs demonstrate that TRIEST outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in accuracy and exhibits a small update time.
Visual localization and loopback detection with a high resolution omnidirectional camera

We present an application in topological map building and localization with a high resolution omnidirectional camera. A visual map uses sift features in combination with affinely invariant Harris corners as its feature points. We use an automatic scheme to find correspondences from a video sequence to create the map. Loop-back is also detected automatically while the map is built. For localization, we use a vote transfer technique that uses prior knowledge about correspondences within the map to localize a query image instead of a majority vote.
Condensin II is anchored by TFIIIC and H3K4me3 in the mammalian genome and supports the expression of active dense gene clusters

Mammalian condensin II associates with specific sites via interactions with TFIIIC and H3K4me3 and supports gene expression. Structural maintenance of chromosome complexes, such as cohesin, have been implicated in a wide variety of chromatin-dependent functions such as genome organization, replication, and gene expression. How these complexes find their sites of association and affect local chromosomal processes is not well understood. We report that condensin II, a complex distinct from cohesin, physically interacts with TFIIIC, and they both colocalize at active gene promoters in the mouse and human genomes, facilitated by interaction between NCAPD3 and the epigenetic mark H3K4me3. Condensin II is important for maintaining high levels of expression of the histone gene clusters as well as the interaction between these clusters in the mouse genome. Our findings suggest that condensin II is anchored to the mammalian genome by a combination of H3K4me3 and the sequence-specific binding of TFIIIC, and that condensin supports the expression of active gene-dense regions found at the boundaries of topological domains. Together, our results support a working model in which condensin II contributes to topological domain boundary–associated gene activity in the mammalian genome.