Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A distributed transportation simplex applied to a Content Distribution Network problem

A Content Distribution Network (CDN) can be defined as an overlay system that replicates copies of contents at multiple points of a network, close to the final users, with the objective of improving data access. CDN technology is widely used for the distribution of large-sized contents, like in video streaming. In this paper we address the problem of finding the best server for each customer request in CDNs, in order to minimize the overall cost. We consider the problem as a transportation problem and a distributed algorithm is proposed to solve it. The algorithm is composed of two independent phases: a distributed heuristic finds an initial solution that may be later improved by a distributed transportation simplex algorithm. It is compared with the sequential version of the transportation simplex and with an auction-based distributed algorithm. Computational experiments carried out on a set of instances adapted from the literature revealed that our distributed approach has a performance similar or better to its sequential counterpart, in spite of not requiring global information about the contents requests. Moreover, the results also showed that the new method outperforms the based-auction distributed algorithm.
Determining the Orientations of Broadband Stations in South Korea using Ambient Noise Cross-correlation

이하로 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 한편, 자료를 30일씩 중합하여 계산한결과 o역시 표준편차가 5 이하로 낮게 계산되며, 시간에 따른 방위각 보정값의 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 미루어 2007년1월부터 2008년 9월 사이 기간에는 전체 관측소의 지진계 방위각이 크게 바뀌지 않은 것으로 보인다. 배경잡음 교차상관분석 방법의 중합기간에 대한 민감도를 분석한 결과, 국내 지진관측소에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 방위각 보정값을 얻는데필요한 배경잡음 연속 기록의 최소 기간은 30일 정도로 추정된다. 주요어: 방위각 보정값, 배경잡음 교차상관, 시추공 지진 관측소Abstract: Orientation corrections for Korean seismic stations were calculated by using ambient noise cross-correlation.This method uses Rayleigh waves extracted from ambient noise cross-correlation instead of teleseismic waveforms fromearthquakes, which have been generally used for previous studies. The theoretical background of the method is that thephase of radial-vertical cross-correlation function should be the same as that of 90
Reduction of ischemic brain injury by topical application of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays important roles in the survival and recovery of some mature neurons under pathological conditions. However, the effect of GDNF in ameliorating ischemic brain injury has not been well documented. Therefore, we investigated a possible effect of GDNF on the changes of infarct size, brain edema, DNA fragmentation, and immunoreactivities for caspases after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. METHODS For the estimation of ischemic brain injury, we calculated the infarct size of MCA region and also measured the brain water content as edema formation at 24 hours after the MCAO. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin in situ nick labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed for the detection of DNA fragmentation. Immunoreactivities for caspase-1 (ICE), caspase-2 (Nedd-2), and caspase-3 (CPP32) were stained. RESULTS Both infarct size and brain edema after permanent MCAO were significantly reduced by topical application of GDNF (48% and 30% decreases, P=0.01). TUNEL staining and immunoreactivities for caspases were markedly induced at 12 hours after permanent MCAO in the vehicle-treated animals. However, the spatial distribution of those immunohistochemically positive cells was dissociative in each caspase. Induction of TUNEL staining and immunoreactivities for caspases-1 and -3 was greatly reduced with GDNF treatment, whereas the reduction of caspase-2 staining was only minimum. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the reduction of infarct size and brain edema by GDNF was greatly associated with the reduction of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic signals predominantly through caspases-1 and -3 cascades.
Solubility and Bioactivity of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Are Increased by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Produced Surfactant

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that causes serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. This opportunistic pathogen controls many of its virulence factors and cellular functions through the activity of three cell-to-cell signals, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone, and the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). The activity of these signals is dependent upon their ability to dissolve in and freely diffuse through the aqueous solution in which P. aeruginosa happens to reside. Despite this, our data indicated that PQS was relatively insoluble in aqueous solutions, which led us to postulate that P. aeruginosa could be producing a PQS-solubilizing factor. In this report, we show that the P. aeruginosa-produced biosurfactant rhamnolipid greatly enhances the solubility of PQS in aqueous solutions. The enhanced solubility of PQS led to an increase in PQS bioactivity, as measured by both a gene induction assay and an apoptosis assay. This is the first demonstration of the importance of a bacterial surfactant in the solubilization and bioactivity of a cell-to-cell signal.
Modeling / Computation A 26 Hierarchical Organization of Modularity in Metabolic Networks

The identification and characterization of system level features of biological organization is a key issue of post-genomic biology. An elegant proposal addressing the cell's functional architecture is offered by the concept of modularity, assuming that the cell can be partitioned into a collection of modules. Each module, a discrete entity of several elementary components, performs an identifiable biological task, separable from the functions of other modules. Yet, it is now widely recognized that the thousands of components of the metabolism are dynamically connected to one another, such that the cell's functional properties are ultimately encoded into a complex metabolic web of molecular interactions. Within this network, however, modular organization and clear boundaries between sub-networks are not immediately apparent. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic networks have a scale-free topology. A distinguishing feature of such scale-free networks is the existence of a few hubs, highly connected metabolites such as pyruvate or CoA, which participate in a very large number of metabolic reactions. With a large number of links, these hubs integrate all sub-strates into a single, integrated web in which the existence of fully separated modules is prohibited. To resolve the apparent contradiction, we now provided evidence that the metabolism has a hierarchical organization, an architecture that seamlessly integrates a scale-free topology with an inherent modular structure. For this purpose we have shown that the degree of clustering present in the network can be used as a distinguishing feature of a hierarchical structure, and offered direct evidence that the metabolism of 43 organisms have such a hierarchical architecture. To turn this new conceptual framework into a practical tool we developed a method to directly identify and visualize the topological modules present in the E. coli metabolism and identified the function of these modules based on the predominant biochemical class of the substrates they belong to, using the standard, small molecule biochemistry based classification of metabolism. We find that most substrates of a given small molecule class are distributed within the same identified module and correspond to relatively well-delimited regions of the metabolic network, demonstrating strong correlations between shared biochemical classification of metabolites and the Genomes to Life I 25 Barabási— Fig. 1. The E. coli metabolic network color-coded based on the biochemical classification of the individual substrates. Each node corresponds to a metabolite, and links represent biochemical reactions between them. global topological organization of E. coli. These results and the …
Analyzing Stanford ’ s Academic Network

1. INTRODUCTION The university is a fundamental social institution. It is a haven for research and is where the next generation gets educated. Gaining knowledge of its properties and understanding how it functions are thus of inherent value to society. In our project, we analyzed Stanford's academic network , where faculty members are vertices and edges between faculty members represent academic relationships like publication co-authorship, being on the same dissertation committee , and being on the same grant. Our motivation for studying this particular network, aside from its inherent social value, is that it has several interesting features from a network analysis standpoint. Firstly, it is the prototypical example of a hierarchical network. Secondly , there are many different relationships between people in the network; essentially there are many different networks that co-exist on the same underlying vertex set. Finally, our data has a strong temporal element since we have yearly snapshots of each network over the period from 1994-2007. Our project is divided into three main goals. The first goal is to discover the community structure in the network. Its hierarchical structure is well-known, but how well does the activity of the network conform to the university's official divisions? Are there more coherent groups than the fac-ulties? We applied graph clustering techniques to separate the network into natural clusters. With this partitioning, we quantify how isolated or connected certain fields of study are from the others, and how weak or strong interdisciplinary collaboration is between specific departments. The temporal nature of our data made this even more interesting; we quantify how collaboration varies over time. Our second goal is to verify if Burt's theory of structural holes apply to the university setting. Are faculty who fill structural holes more successful researchers? Finally, the third goal is to briefly explore if we can leverage the many different edge types we have to predict grant proposal success. The theory of structural holes was pioneered by Ron Burt [1, 4, 3]. He found that people who fill structural holes in networks derive social capital from their advantageous position. In his work, Burt proposes " network constraint measures " to detect hole signatures and thus identify structural holes. His studies were done in commercial settings (in [3], he analyzed a large electronics company), with information gathered from questionnaires. In this paper, he gave evidence that people who fill structural holes accrue various benefits …
Low-noise amplifier comparison at 2 GHz in 0.25-/spl mu/m and 0.18-/spl mu/m RF-CMOS and SiGe BiCMOS

Low-noise amplifiers (LNA) have been designed and implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m and 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS and RF-CMOS technologies. The LNA have been designed for the same WCDMA application and system specifications, allowing meaningful comparisons to be made. This paper presents the design methodology for these bipolar and CMOS switched-gain LNA and compares the simulated and measured results. A bypass switch topology is also presented. The results show that each technology can meet WCDMA LNA specifications. Measurements show noise figures of 1.4, 1.7, and 1.1 dB for LNA implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS, 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS, and 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS, respectively. These LNA show 14 to 16 dB of gain and +3 to +4-dBm out-of-band IIP3 at 5 to 6 mA current from 3 V. Of these three measured LNA, the 0.18-/spl mu/m bipolar shows the best performance; however, simulations of a 0.18-/spl mu/m RF-CMOS LNA show further improved IIP3.
MOS switched capacitor ladder filters

A new technique for designing precision, fully integrated, high-order filters using standard MOS technology is described. Switched capacitor integrators have been used to realize long time constants in small areas, and by interconnecting these integrators in a `leapfrog' configuration, monolithic high-order filters have been implemented with transfer functions that are very insensitive to component variations. Experimental results are presented for an NMOS fifth-order Chebyshev low-pass ladder filter with 0.1-dB passband ripple, a cutoff frequency of 3.4 kHz when clocked at 128 kHz, and a dynamic range of 83 dB. An efficient method for implementing transmission zeros is also presented, along with a complete design example, and additional experimental results for a third-order elliptic low-pass ladder filter which achieved 90-dB dynamic range, with a total power dissipation of 18 mW in a die area of 4400 mil/SUP 2/.
A computational model of social attitudes for a virtual recruiter

This paper presents a computational model of social attitude for virtual agents. In our work, the agent acts as a virtual recruiter and interacts with a user during job inter- view training. Training sessions have a predefined level of difficulty, which is used along with the perceived user's anxiety at each speaking turn to compute the objectives of the recruiter, namely to challenge or comfort the user. Given an objective, the recruiter chooses how to conduct the interview (i.e. the complexity of its questions), and which social attitudes to express toward the user. Social attitudes are defined along 2 dimensions, dominance and liking. Our model computes both the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the virtual agent to express a given social attitude. A study on the perception of the attitude of the virtual recruiter endowed with our model has been conducted. We show how the different verbal and non-verbal behaviors defined to either challenge or comfort human interviewees enable the virtual recruiter to successfully convey social attitudes.
empty pericarp2 Encodes a Negative Regulator of the Heat Shock Response and Is Required for Maize Embryogenesis Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.006726.

The heat shock response (HSR) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular/biochemical reaction to thermal stress that is essential to the survival of eukaryotic organisms. Recessive Mutator transposon mutations at the maize empty pericarp2 (emp2) locus led to dramatically increased expression of heat shock genes, retarded embryo development, and early-stage abortion of embryogenesis. The developmental timing of emp2 mutant embryo lethality was correlated with the initial competence of maize kernels to invoke the HSR. Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the emp2 gene encoded a predicted protein with high similarity to HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN1, which was first described in animals as a negative regulator of the HSR. emp2 is a loss-of-function mutation of an HSR-negative regulator in plants. Despite the recessive emp2 phenotype, steady state levels of emp2 transcripts were abundant in mutant kernels, and the predicted coding region was unaffected. These expression data suggest that emp2 transcription is feedback regulated, whereas S1 nuclease mapping suggests that emp2 mutant transcripts are 5′ truncated and nontranslatable. In support of this model, immunoblot assays revealed that EMP2 protein did not accumulate in mutant kernels. These data support a model whereby an unattenuated HSR results in the early abortion of emp2 mutant embryos. Furthermore, the developmental retardation of emp2 mutant kernels before the HSR suggests an additional role for EMP2 during embryo development distinct from the HSR.
PEX14 is required for microtubule-based peroxisome motility in human cells

We have established a procedure for isolating native peroxisomal membrane protein complexes from cultured human cells. Protein-A-tagged peroxin 14 (PEX14), a central component of the peroxisomal protein translocation machinery was genomically expressed in Flp-In-293 cells and purified from digitonin-solubilized membranes. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed the existence of distinct multimeric PEX14 assemblies at the peroxisomal membrane. Using mass spectrometric analysis, almost all known human peroxins involved in protein import were identified as constituents of the PEX14 complexes. Unexpectedly, tubulin was discovered to be the major PEX14-associated protein, and direct binding of the proteins was demonstrated. Accordingly, peroxisomal remnants in PEX14-deficient cells have lost their ability to move along microtubules. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that the physical binding to tubulin is mediated by the conserved N-terminal domain of PEX14. Thus, human PEX14 is a multi-tasking protein that not only facilitates peroxisomal protein import but is also required for peroxisome motility by serving as membrane anchor for microtubules.
Affect and the Functional Bases of Behavior: On the Dimensional Structure of Affective Experience

Discussions of the dimensional structure of affect usually are based on results of factor analyses. Disagreements focus largely on issues of measurement and measurement error. I argue that the structure of affect is not discussed meaningfully without considering functional implications of affects. A functional analysis is outlined in which approach and incentive-related affects (both positive and negative) are managed by 1 self-regulatory system, and avoidance and threat-related affects (positive and negative) are managed by another self-regulatory system. In both cases, positive and negative affects are posited to convey information about whether the behavior being engaged in is going well or poorly. This view argues for the existence of 2 bipolar affective dimensions, the properties of which are informed by an understanding of both behavior and feelings.
Robust Head Tracking for fMRI and MEG

In this work we present a comparison of two methods for tracking patients in imaging systems, whereby we concentrate on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Magneto-Encephalography (MEG). Due to problems with magnetic fields from tracking systems, we rely on a stereo camera setup that is outside the critical region. One of the tracking approaches is based on bundle-adjustment, whereas the other one additionally uses geometric constraints for some of the feature points. We show that these constraints improve both the robustness and the accuracy of the tracking approach on a special setup for measurements. The accuracy using bundle adjustment is around 1 mm for translational movements and about 1 to 2 degrees whereby using the geometrical constraints improves the results to well below 1 mm respectively 1 ◦.
A problem-based teaching method in XML course

It is a problem in application-oriented personnel education that students are hard to apply their knowledge learning from classes. Problem-based learning (PBL) is now a widespread method which can help students learn to apply knowledge. But the teaching condition with limited resources is a big obstruction when using PBL in the undergraduate curriculum. Taking into account this problem, a problem-based teaching (PBT) method is proposed. In PBT, a teaching process is split to four steps: (1) Design a problem; (2) Analysis how to solve the problem; (3) Teach the related key knowledge through deposing and solving the problem. (4) Help students consolidate the new knowledge through solving similar problems. An example is given to illustrate how to use PBT in XML course.
Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation

Empirical investigations of the relation of frontal lobe function to self-evaluation have mostly examined the evaluation of abstract qualities in relation to self versus other people. The present research furthers our understanding of frontal lobe involvement in self-evaluation by examining two processes that have not been widely studied by neuroscientists: on-line self-evaluations and correction of systematic judgment errors that influence self-evaluation. Although people evaluate their abstract qualities, it is equally important that perform on-line evaluations to assess the success of their behavior in a particular situation. In addition, self-evaluations of task performance are sometimes overconfident because of systematic judgment errors. What role do the neural regions associated with abstract self-evaluations and decision bias play in on-line evaluation and self-evaluation bias? In this fMRI study, self-evaluation in two reasoning tasks was examined; one elicited overconfident self-evaluations of performance because of salient but misleading aspects of the task and the other was free from misleading aspects. Medial PFC (mPFC), a region associated with self-referential processing, was generally involved in on-line self-evaluations but not specific to accurate or overconfident evaluation. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity, a region associated with accurate nonsocial judgment, negatively predicted individual differences in overconfidence and was negatively associated with confidence level for incorrect trials.
Grouping in collaborative graphical editors

Often collaborative graphical systems lag behind well accepted single-user applications in terms of features supported. The frequently used operations of group/ungroup offered by almost every single-user graphical editor have not been considered by the collaborative graphical editing systems that try to preserve the intentions of the users involved in the concurrent editing. In this paper we present a novel algorithm based on operation serialisation for consistency maintenance in collaborative graphical editing dealing not only with simple operations such as create, delete, move, change colour or position, but also with group/ungroup operations. Based on the classification of conflicts into real and resolvable, an undo/redo mechanism is used in order to re-execute the operations in an imposed serialisation order.
An Evaluation of Access Methods for Spatial Networks

Current Spatial Database Management Systems (SDBMS) provide eecient access methods and operators for point and range queries over collections of spatial points, line segments , and polygons. However, it is not clear if they can ef-ciently support network computations which traverse line-segments in a spatial network based on connectivity rather than geographic proximity. It can be shown that the expected I/O cost for many network operations can be reduced by maximizing the Weighted Connectivity Residue Ratio (WCRR). In this paper we compare traditional access methods to a connectivity clustered access method, CCAM, which tries to achieve high WCRR. We also describe possible modiications to improve the WCRR achieved by existing spatial access methods. Experiments with network computations on the Minneapolis road-map show that CCAM performs best even though the proposed modiications substantially improve the performance of existing spatial access methods.
Detection of black hole in Wireless Sensor Network based on Data Mining

Wireless Sensor Network is fabricated by the deployment of many miniature devices (sensors) which are capable of sensing, communicating and computing. These networks are susceptible to security threats due to unattended deployment of sensors. There are many attacks on information in transit, out of all Black hole attack or packet dropper is a denial of service attack in which an intruder persuades other nodes that it has the best route to the destination, instead it drops or absorbs all the packets preventing them to reach the destination. In this paper an effective Mutable Black hole Unearthing Mechanism is proposed by observing the behavioural changes of the nodes using Data Mining.