Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The combination method for dependent evidence and its application for simultaneous faults diagnosis

This paper provides a method based on Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for simultaneous faults diagnosis when evidence is dependent. Firstly, according to the characteristics of simultaneous faults, a frame of discernment is given for both single fault and simultaneous faults diagnosis, the DSmT combination rule applicable to simultaneous faults diagnosis is introduced. Secondly, the dependence of original evidence is classified according to three main factors in information acquisition and extraction, a method for evidence decorrelation is provided. On the other hand, the weights for measuring evidence credibility are given to modify independent evidence based on Generalized Ambiguity Measure. Next, DSmT combination rule is used to aggregate the modified evidence. Finally, an example of rotor faults diagnosis is given to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
The integration of sustainability education in Namibian colleges of education

Abstract This article reports results of the study that examined constraints on the integration of Sustainability Education in Namibian colleges of education. The sample consisted of sixty-four (64) teacher educators selected from a total of one hundred and seventy-two (172). The findings of the study show that institutional, dispositional and situational constraints affect the cross-curricular integration of Sustainability Education in these colleges. The recommendations support the re-orientation of administration, curriculum and in-service training for teacher educators and administrators in order to support the cross-curricular integration of Sustainability Education in Namibian colleges of education.
Influence and Emulation in the Constitutional Republic of Letters

I am glad that the Review has provided a Forum for advancing discussion of the “rapidly evolving field of Second Amendment scholarship,” as Richard Uviller and William Merkel so aptly describe it. The field is evolving so rapidly, in fact, that I had no chance to consult their excellent book on the subject when writing this article. Having now had the luxury—and great benefit—of reading it in preparing my reply to their comments, I can only cheer them on for the way that book and their remarks in the Forum advance the common goals we seek: to replace an ahistorical quotation-hunting with a meticulous examination of “the collateral expressions of the founders and their contemporaries to find the most likely purposes and assumptions underlying the text” of the Second Amendment.
A Bilingual Corpus in the Legal Domain and its Applications

We introduce a bilingual domainspecific corpus. The parallel corpus consists of court judgments in English and Chinese, provided by the Hong Kong Judiciary. The texts were preprocessed, segmented, bilingually aligned and annotated in XML. About 100K Chinese characters and their corresponding English portions have been incorporated into a legal document retrieval system. The corpus also enables the study of many technological and linguistic issues.
PROMISCUOUS: a database for network-based drug-repositioning

The procedure of drug approval is time-consuming, costly and risky. Accidental findings regarding multi-specificity of approved drugs led to block-busters in new indication areas. Therefore, the interest in systematically elucidating new areas of application for known drugs is rising. Furthermore, the knowledge, understanding and prediction of so-called off-target effects allow a rational approach to the understanding of side-effects. With PROMISCUOUS we provide an exhaustive set of drugs (25 000), including withdrawn or experimental drugs, annotated with drug–protein and protein–protein relationships (21 500/104 000) compiled from public resources via text and data mining including manual curation. Measures of structural similarity for drugs as well as known side-effects can be easily connected to protein–protein interactions to establish and analyse networks responsible for multi-pharmacology. This network-based approach can provide a starting point for drug-repositioning. PROMISCUOUS is publicly available at http://bioinformatics.charite. de/promiscuous.
Independent low-rank matrix analysis based on complex student's t-distribution for blind audio source separation

In this paper, we generalize a source generative model in a state-of-the-art blind source separation (BSS), independent low-rank matrix analysis (ILRMA). ILRMA is a unified method of frequency-domain independent component analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization and can provide better performance for audio BSS tasks. To further improve the performance and stability of the separation, we introduce an isotropic complex Student's t-distribution as a source generative model, which includes the isotropic complex Gaussian distribution used in conventional ILRMA. Experiments are conducted using both music and speech BSS tasks, and the results show the validity of the proposed method.
Prejudice-reduction in Culturally Mixed Classrooms: The Development and Assessment of a Theory-driven Intervention Among Majority and Minority Youth in Finland

The aim of this field experiment was to develop and assess an intervention promoting positive intergroup relations in culturally diverse schools. The intervention was based on extended contact and social learning and utilized behavioural journalism as its method. Intervention effects were assessed on out-group attitudes, perceived importance of future contact, perceived peer norms and intergroup anxiety among ethnic majority (N = 583) and minority (N = 214) youth in grades 7–9 in Finnish secondary schools (total Nexperimental = 388; total Ncontrol = 409). As a result of the intervention, both groups showed a tendency to perceive future intergroup contact as more important, and this effect was most notable for younger participants and girls. Prototypicality of in-group and out-group peer models contributed positively to intervention effects. However, unexpectedly, the intervention also increased experiences of intergroup anxiety among the oldest participants. The results are discussed taking into account the developmental stage of the youth studied. Besides critically assessing the effectiveness of the intervention, recommendations for improving theory-driven prejudice-reduction and for the development of future interventions in culturally diverse contexts are given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the Dimensionality of PTSD and the Specificity of the Dysphoria Factor

This study aimed to test the factor structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The resultant PTSD factors were associated with different traumatic experiences. Based on previous factor analytic findings and the DSM-IV formulation, three confirmatory factor models were assessed. The best fitting model was re-fitted within a multiple causes multiple indicators model (MIMIC) which assessed associations between factors and trauma experiences. The sample consisted of 591 respondents from the National Comorbidity Survey who met the criteria for lifetime PTSD measured via a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A correlated four-factor model proposed by Simms et al. provided the best fit to the data. There were no significant associations with trauma experiences and the Dysphoria factor. This current study adds to the growing body of literature supporting a four-factor Dysphoria model. Additionally, this study adds to the literature suggesting that the Dysphoria factor is a non-specific component of PTSD.
Open treatment of dysplasia—other than PAO: does it have to be a PAO?

Abstract Hip dysplasia is a developmental disorder that results in anatomic abnormalities in which the acetabular coverage is insufficient. In the absence of severe degenerative changes, younger active patients with these symptomatic structural abnormalities are increasingly managed with joint-preserving operations. Historically there have been numerous reconstructive pelvic osteotomies. In recent years, the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has become the preferred osteotomy by many surgeons. Even so, as our understanding of the hip advances and new diagnostic and treatment techniques are developed, we sought to put a focus on the long-term results of augmental osteotomies and pelvic osteotomies other than the PAO, to see if any of these surgeries still have a place in the current algorithm of treatment for the dysplastic hip. As the longevity of the treatment is the focal point for joint preservation surgeries for the dysplastic hip, these authors have searched databases for articles in the English literature that reported results of long-term follow-up with a minimum of 11-year survivorship after surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Reconstruction osteotomies for the dysplastic hip are intended to restore normal hip anatomy and biomechanics, improve symptoms and prevent degenerative changes, in this manuscript each procedure is independently assessed on the ability to achieve these important characteristics.
The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia

The Nature of Schizophrenia. Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia. Linking the Mind and the Brain. Behavioural Abnormalities. Positive Symptoms, Abnormal Experiences. Communication in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Self-Awareness. Appendices. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
‘Part and parcel’—blade industries and modern human behaviour

Abstract In this paper I address the question of the presence or otherwise of elongated parallel-sided blades in Australian stone artefact industries. I begin with a set of data from European sites which shows that such blades are indeed characteristic of later phases of European prehistory, but not exclusively so. I then show that by these criteria, there are blades in Australia too, recorded both ethnographically and archaeologically. I then argue that blades in the European Upper Palaeolithic show some characteristic properties which can be related to the use of indirect percussion as the technique of production. This technique seems to be absent from Australia. Following discussion of the relevance of the appearance of blades in making judgements about the history of modern humans, I conclude, as Peter White did in 1977, that Eurocentric models are not relevant.
An efficient clustering algorithm for large-scale topical web pages

The clustering of topic-related web pages has been recognized as a foundational work in exploiting large sets of web pages such as the cases in search engines and web archive systems, which collect and preserve billions of web pages. However, this task faces great challenges both in efficiency and accuracy. In this paper we present a novel clustering algorithm for large scale topical web pages which achieves high efficiency together with considerately high accuracy. In our algorithm, a two-phase divide and conquer framework is developed to solve the efficiency problem, in which both link analysis and content analysis are utilized in mining the topical similarity between pages to achieve a high accuracy. A comprehensive experiment was conducted to evaluate our method in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of result.
TAER: time-aware entity retrieval-exploiting the past to find relevant entities in news articles

Retrieving entities instead of just documents has become an important task for search engines. In this paper we study entity retrieval for news applications, and in particular the importance of the news trail history (i.e., past related articles) in determining the relevant entities in current articles. This is an important problem in applications that display retrieved entities to the user, together with the news article. We analyze and discuss some statistics about entities in news trails, unveiling some unknown findings such as the persistence of relevance over time. We focus on the task of query dependent entity retrieval over time. For this task we evaluate several features, and show that their combinations significantly improves performance.
Towards a comprehensive taxonomy and model of consumer complaining behaviour

The most widely used taxonomy of consumer complaining behaviour (Singh 1988) is limited in two respects: (1) it oversimplifies the key types of complaining behaviour - for example negative word-of-mouth need not just be a private action; and (2) it fails to appreciate that complaining behaviour often has two stages as certain CCB types (such as third party action) may only be entered into once ocher CCB types have failed to generate a satisfactory level of perceived justice. This paper offers a two-factor taxonomy of CCB which takes into account these issues. Complaint types are classified in terms of whether they are primary or secondary, and in terms of whether they are involved or uninvolved. This paper also offers a comprehensive model of CCB, which builds on the conceptual approach of Blodgett and Granbois (1992) by considering the whole CCB process as having four stages: (1) cognitive reasoning; (2) affective response; (3) triggers of consumer dissatisfaction responses; and (4) affective action. It is argued that there are eight major triggers of which lead to a certain dissatisfaction response (or a set of responses); each trigger being made up of a number of dimensions. The paper concludes by discussing possible directions for future research.
Mental simulation in language comprehension and social cognition

Current theories in social cognition and cognitive psychology conceptualize understanding of actions and of language describing actions as the performance of sensorimotor simulations. Although there is emerging empirical evidence for these theories, they are currently underspecified and the evidence is correspondingly coarse. Language is a sensitive tool that allows us to construe actions in myriad ways. This paper discusses several challenges that face simulation theories aimed at capturing the subtlety of language.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Weight Loss in Obesity: A Randomised Trial of Hypo-Energetic High- versus Low-Fat Diets

Objectives: To study if genes with common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity-related phenotypes influence weight loss (WL) in obese individuals treated by a hypo-energetic low-fat or high-fat diet. Design: Randomised, parallel, two-arm, open-label multi-centre trial. Setting: Eight clinical centres in seven European countries. Participants: 771 obese adult individuals. Interventions: 10-wk dietary intervention to hypo-energetic (−600 kcal/d) diets with a targeted fat energy of 20%–25% or 40%–45%, completed in 648 participants. Outcome Measures: WL during the 10 wk in relation to genotypes of 42 SNPs in 26 candidate genes, probably associated with hypothalamic regulation of appetite, efficiency of energy expenditure, regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function, lipid and glucose metabolism, or production of adipocytokines, determined in 642 participants. Results: Compared with the noncarriers of each of the SNPs, and after adjusting for gender, age, baseline weight and centre, heterozygotes showed WL differences that ranged from −0.6 to 0.8 kg, and homozygotes, from −0.7 to 3.1 kg. Genotype-dependent additional WL on low-fat diet ranged from 1.9 to −1.6 kg in heterozygotes, and from 3.8 kg to −2.1 kg in homozygotes relative to the noncarriers. Considering the multiple testing conducted, none of the associations was statistically significant. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in a panel of obesity-related candidate genes play a minor role, if any, in modulating weight changes induced by a moderate hypo-energetic low-fat or high-fat diet.
Laser Based Energy Distribution Architecture for Decoupling Energy and Sensing Planes in WSN

We propose decoupling energy and sensing planes in WSN. This decoupling represents a paradigm shift as it can alleviate the fundamental problem of energy depletion in WSN and can (in theory) offer a sensor network with infinite lifetime. We present energy transference as the mode of decoupling energy by allowing energy to move between energy-rich and energy-poor nodes. We present a first practical energy distribution architecture that allows us to decouple energy supply from sensing activities. Such a separation of responsibilities enables us to utilize abundant energy sources distant from the sensing location, allowing unrestricted lifetime and resolving unequal energy consumption in WSN. We demonstrate energy transfer for practical decoupling using low-cost and low-footprint, laser μ-power beaming that powers current WSN platforms at 100 m of range. We design and implement LAMP, a tiered architecture to manage energy supply to both mesh and clustered WSN deployments using an energy distribution protocol. We evaluate our system to show that, for an additional cost of $29 per mote, LAMP can support perpetual mesh functionality for up to 40 sensors or 120 nodes in clustered operation.
Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation Protects Mice from Acute Clostridium difficile Colitis

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming bacterium that infects the lower intestinal tract of humans and is the most common known cause of diarrhea among hospitalized patients. Clostridium difficile colitis is mediated by toxins and develops during or following antibiotic administration. We have used a murine model of C. difficile infection, which reproduces the major features of the human disease, to study the effect of innate immune activation on resistance to C. difficile infection. We found that administration of purified Salmonella-derived flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, protects mice from C. difficile colitis by delaying C. difficile growth and toxin production in the colon and cecum. TLR5 stimulation significantly improves pathological changes in the cecum and colon of C. difficile-infected mice and reduces epithelial cell loss. Flagellin treatment reduces epithelial apoptosis in the large intestine, thereby protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier during C. difficile infection. We demonstrate that restoring intestinal innate immune tone by TLR stimulation in antibiotic-treated mice ameliorates intestinal inflammation and prevents death from C. difficile colitis, potentially providing an approach to prevent C. difficile-induced pathology.
Dissociable Processes for Learning the Surface Structure and Abstract Structure of Sensorimotor Sequences

A sensorimotor sequence may contain information structure at several different levels. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that two dissociable processes are required for the learning of surface structure and abstract structure, respectively, of sensorimotor sequences. Surface structure is the simple serial order of the sequence elements, whereas abstract structure is defined by relationships between repeating sequence elements. Thus, sequences ABCBAC and DEFEDF have different surface structures but share a common abstract structure, 123213, and are therefore isomorphic. Our simulations of sequence learning performance in serial reaction time (SRT) tasks demonstrated that (1) an existing model of the primate fronto-striatal system is capable of learning surface structure but fails to learn abstract structure, which requires an additional capability, (2) surface and abstract structure can be learned independently by these independent processes, and (3) only abstract structure transfers to isomorphic sequences. We tested these predictions in human subjects. For a sequence with predictable surface and abstract structure, subjects in either explicit or implicit conditions learn the surface structure, but only explicit subjects learn and transfer the abstract structure. For sequences with only abstract structure, learning and transfer of this structure occurs only in the explicit group. These results are parallel to those from the simulations and support our dissociable process hypothesis. Based on the synthesis of the current simulation and empirical results with our previous neuropsychological findings, we propose a neuro-physiological basis for these dissociable processes: Surface structure can be learned by processes that operate under implicit conditions and rely on the fronto-striatal system, whereas learning abstract structure requires a more explicit activation of dissociable processes that rely on a distributed network that includes the left anterior cortex.
Feasibility and cardiac safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus trastuzumab in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated concomitant pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) plus trastuzumab as therapy for HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This open-label, prospective, phase II trial assessed the safety and efficacy of this regimen, with cardiac tolerance as the principal focus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with HER2-overexpressing recurrent MBC, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction >or= 55%, and no history of serious cardiac illness were eligible; preexisting cardiac risk factors, including previous anthracyclines and previous trastuzumab for MBC, were allowed. Patients received weekly trastuzumab and every-3-week PLD until progression, prohibitive toxicity, or patient refusal. Left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed during and after therapy. Grade 3/4 congestive heart failure (CHF) was monitored for premature closure. RESULTS The trial closed after 2.5 years for slow accrual. Twelve patients were enrolled: 7 had received adjuvant anthracyclines; 9 had received previous MBC treatment, of whom 7 had received trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. Patients received a mean of 4.8 cycles of PLD; 8 patients experienced stable disease; 4 patients experienced progression. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction levels did not change substantially: 60.4%, 57%, 60.3%, and 56.8% at baseline, after cycle 2, after cycle 4, and after completion of treatment, respectively. No patients experienced grade 4 CHF. One patient discontinued treatment after grade 3 CHF. Three patients experienced grade 2 left ventricular dysfunction, of whom 2 discontinued treatment. Cardiac function improved in all 4 patients after going off study. Other adverse events were generally mild (grade 1/2) and infrequent. CONCLUSION Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus trastuzumab might be an option for heavily pretreated patients with recurrent HER2-overexpressing MBC.