Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistent Advantage or Disadvantage?: Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis

By utilizing the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) and a measure of occupational prestige (OCCSCORE) as a labor market outcome, the authors examine variations in the degree of labor market discrimination faced by several ethnic and racial groups in the United States between 1880 and 1990. Results demonstrate that the sharpest decline in labor market discrimination against blacks occurred between 1960 and 1980. For black males the extent of labor market discrimination was greater in all census years in IPUMS after 1880 until 1970, evidence contradicting the conventional expectation that market-based discrimination will decline progressively over time by dint of competitive pressure. Finally, after replicating George Borjas' "ethnic capital" exercise, the authors pool the 1880, 1900, and 1910 data to determine the relative magnitude of a group's gains and losses in occupational prestige due to group advantage or disadvantage in human capital endowments and due to favorable or unfavorable treatment (nepotism or discrimination) of those endowments in the labor market. The authors then examine statistically whether the group human capital advantage or disadvantage and group exposure to nepotism or discrimination at the turn of the century affects labor market outcomes for their descendants today. Results indicate strong effects of the past on present labor market outcomes. Hence, the essence of the study is the statistical demonstration that there are significant and detectable effects on current generations of the labor market experiences of their racial/ethnic ancestors. Copyright 2001 The American Journal of Economics and Sociology.
Healing Through Writing: Insights from Research

Over the past two decades, a growing body of research has demonstrated that writing about traumatic or stressful events or experiences has a positive impact on physical and psychological health. This paper reviews the research findings related to expressive writing and health, in clinical as well as non-clinical populations. Research findings comparing the health benefits of vocal and written disclosure of traumatic experiences are addressed. Possible pathways or mechanisms through which expressive writing affects health are discussed. Finally, major issues that need serious attention from researchers in this area for future research are suggested.
Collaborative oral narratives of general experience: when an interview becomes a conversation

This article explores the shift in speech genre from a peer group interview speech event to an activity type with interactive features resembling a casual conversation and the consequent effects on the narrator, interviewees and process of story-telling. It reports on sociolinguistic interviews in which collection of oral narratives of personal experience among members of the Greek Cypriot community in London becomes collaborative and facilitates the co-production of spoken personal narratives (hence the ‘general experience’ of the title). The highly social act of narrating sees the emergence of explicit and implicit collaborative strategies, specifically the use of prompts and requests for clarification, which appear to be an inevitable outcome of narrating in a setting where the audience is wider than just the interviewer.
Visualising Topical Sentiment in Twitter Streams

Advancements in mobile technology and the proliferation of social media platforms have made it possible for individuals to stay constantly connected with friends and family. This has provided new opportunities to the emergency response domain, where the information shared by individuals in crisis can provide invaluable insight into the situation on the ground. Information shared on social media is highly dynamic, heterogeneous, large scale, geographically distributed and multilingual. Moreover, the context of such information is mostly relevant for a very short period of time and the information can be very subjective, embedded in personal feelings. This is a significant challenge for the emergency response domain, where critical decisions need to be made quickly on the basis of the users’ situation awareness. We propose to address this issue using visual analytics techniques to facilitate browsing and understanding of topicality and feelings in social media. Our approach is twofoldfirstly, we enrich social media posts by adding semantics to facilitate browsing and sentiment in order to gauge the emotions behind individual posts. Secondly, we combine two paradigms of data browsing topical and temporal into a real-time dynamic visualisation of social media messages.
Handbiking: Physiological Responses to Synchronous and Asynchronous Crank Montage

Handbiking as a wheelchair sport has gained increased popularity in Germany. It is an attractive sport and seems to be important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. For a handbike (HB), the position of the cranks can be synchronous (CS) or asynchronous (CA). The purpose of this study was to examine both forms of riding in persons with a spinal cord injury who are used to a HB. Thirty-five athletes with a spinal cord injury (32 paraplegically and 3 quadriplegically handicapped persons) from Germany agreed to participate in the present investigation. All subjects performed 2 multistage incremental exercise tests until exhaustion sitting in their own HB that was fixed to an ergometer. The tests were randomized for the crank montage. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher maximal workload in CS compared to CA but no differences in maximal HR and LA. At defined workload intensities, we found lower VO2 values for CS at 30, 60, and 90 W and lower HR for CS at 90 W. LA values were significantly lower for CA at 30 W and higher at 90 W, with no difference at 60 W. We therefore conclude that CS has a higher efficiency for athletes who are used to a HB.
Isoflurane Has a Greater Margin of Safety than Halothane in Swine with and without Major Surgery or Critical Coronary Stenosis

The fatal/anesthetic ratio (FAR) in 44 swine weighing 32.6 ± 0.7 kg (SEM) was determined. Fatal anesthetic concentration (the numerator for FAR) was defined as the endtidal concentration at which the pig lived at least 10 min, during experiments that involved step increments in anesthetic concentrations. Previously reported MAC was used as the “anesthetic” concentration (denominator) to determine FAR. Halothane was compared to isoflurane and the question of whether major surgery might reduce FAR was investigated. The major surgery groups included one open chest group with each volatile anesthetic studied during coronary reserve measurements, and two groups that had LAD critical coronary stenoses. Thus volatile agents were compared with vs without major surgery, and with vs without a critical coronary stenosis.The FAR for isoflurane was approximately double that of halothane. Further, addition of major surgery did not produce significant deterioration in FAR with isoflurane. In contrast, with halothane there was a significant (approximately 20%) decrease in FAR, despite values already only half that seen with isoflurane, when major surgery was added. Presence of a critical coronary stenosis was not associated with a worsened FAR for isoflurane or halothane. It was concluded that the fatal/anesthetic ratio for isoflurane in pigs is 1.9 times greater than that for halothane. Addition of major surgery did not affect FAR when isoflurane was the anesthetic but did when halothane was used. Critical coronary stenosis did not worsen FAR. Because these results are nearly identical with those reported previously in small mammals, the doubled safety margin seen with isoflurane may have clinical relevance.
A prototype analysis of vengeance

The authors examined the concept of vengeance from a prototype perspective. In 6 studies, the prototype structure of vengeance was mapped. Sixty-nine features of vengeance were identified (Study 1), and rated on centrality (Study 2). Further studies confirmed the prototype structure. Compared to peripheral features (e.g., religion, shame, and self-esteem), central features (e.g., humiliation, honor, and power) were more often recalled and recognized in memory tests (Study 3), classified as vengeance more often and faster (Study 4), and rated higher in participants' autobiographical vengeance recalls (Studies 5 and 6). Lay conceptions of vengeance included the view that vengeance is planned, personal, and aggressive, and involves intense feelings of anger, humiliation, envy, and vindictive feelings, as well as negative thoughts.
Population structure in a critically endangered arctic fox population: does genetics matter?

The arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in Scandinavia is classified as critically endangered after having gone through a severe decline in population size in the beginning of the 20th century, from which it has failed to recover despite more than 65 years of protection. Arctic foxes have a high dispersal rate and often disperse over long distances, suggesting that there was probably little population differentiation within Scandinavia prior to the bottleneck. It is, however, possible that the recent decline in population size has led to a decrease in dispersal and an increase in population fragmentation. To examine this, we used 10 microsatellite loci to analyse genetic variation in 150 arctic foxes from Scandinavia and Russia. The results showed that the arctic fox in Scandinavia presently is subdivided into four populations, and that the Kola Peninsula and northwest Russia together form a large fifth population. Current dispersal between the populations seemed to be very low, but genetic variation within them was relatively high. This and the relative FST values among the populations are consistent with a model of recent fragmentation within Scandinavia. Since the amount of genetic variation is high within the populations, but the populations are small and isolated, demographic stochasticity seems to pose a higher threat to the populations’ persistence than inbreeding depression and low genetic variation.
Automatic Construction of Japanese WordNet

Although WordNets have been developed for a number of languages, no attempts to construct a Japanese WordNet have been known to exist. Taking this into account, we launched a project to automatically translate the Princeton WordNet into Japanese by a method of unsupervised word-sense disambiguation using bilingual comparable corpora. The method we propose aligns English word associations with those in Japanese and iteratively calculates a correlation matrix of Japanese translations of an English word versus its associated words. It then determines the Japanese translation for the English word in a synset by calculating scores for translation candidates according to the correlation matrix and the associated words appearing in the gloss appended to the synset. This method is not robust because a gloss only contains a few associated words. To overcome this difficulty, we extended the method so that it retrieves texts by using the gloss as a query and uses the retrieved texts as well as the gloss to calculate scores for translation candidates. A preliminary experiment using Wall Street Journal and Nihon Keizai Shimbun corpora demonstrated that the proposed method is promising for constructing a Japanese WordNet.
The universal and the contingent: Some reflections on the transnational flow of planning ideas and practices

In this essay, I reflect on the way planning concepts, techniques, instruments and the general idea of ‘planning’ itself flow from one place to another, particularly in the context of the transnational flow of planning ideas. In the past, our conception of such flows was underpinned by linear and singular models of development pathways – the ‘modernization’ myth. This rendered them apparently benign and positive contributions to ‘development’. Today, such concepts have been replaced by a recognition of contingency and complexity, which highlights the particular histories and challenges of localities in different parts of the world, and the damaging consequences when external ideas about planning and development are planted upon specific histories and geographies. This refocusing in turn raises questions about any general meaning of ‘planning’ as a universal good technology for complex urbanized societies. The paper reviews these shifts in conception, and then considers firstly how, as planning academics and practitioners, we should build narratives around particular ‘travelling’ planning ideas, to help critical learning in places where such ideas get to ‘land’. Secondly, I suggest how the idea of ‘planning’ itself might be approached, as a general concept contingently evolving through the experiences and debates we engage in as a ‘community of inquirers’ through which we compose and construct our field of interest. In such a formulation, the general idea of planning is lodged in the tradition of experience, innovation, debate and critique which have accumulated around the practices of managing co-existence in complex urbanized societies.
Building and Communicating Collective Efficacy: A Season-Long In-Depth Study of an Elite Sport Team

The purpose of this study was to examine the production and regaining of collective efficacy within an elite sport team during a season. The fieldwork was possible because the author was an assistant coach on a women’s handball team participating in the World Championships and the Olympics. Acting as a participant observer during 1 year, the author observed efficacy-building processes from within the team. The fieldwork was supplemented by 17 qualitative interviews after the season. The study showed that production of collective efficacy was an interpersonal process, brought about by perceptions of previous performances, interpretations of team history, preparations for the upcoming contest, common rituals, and persuasive actions. When the team was confronted with failures, however, team-efficacy beliefs were vulnerable and needed constant reinforcement.
Computing executable slices for concurrent logic programs

Program slicing has many applications in software engineering activities. However, until recently, no slicing algorithm has been presented that can compute executable slices for concurrent logic programs. We present a dependence-graph based approach to computing executable slices for concurrent logic programs. The dependence-based representation used in the paper is called the Argument Dependence Net which can be used to explicitly represent various types of program dependences in a concurrent logic program. Based on the ADN, we can compute static executable slices for concurrent logic programs at argument level.
Older Academics and Career Management: An Interdisciplinary Discussion

The academic workforce is among the oldest (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005) and arguably has the most highly qualified professionals within Australia. Yet career management for this group is seldom discussed. This paper considers Australia's ageing academic workforce and the human resource management challenges and implications this poses for Australian universities, through an interdisciplinary discussion of the literature from three key areas: higher education, psychology and career. The paper will argue that an ageing academic workforce raises crucial sustainability issues, and that universities need to be responsive to this phenomenon and to the complexity of the academic career. It will also draw attention to the lack of evidence to date of university career management policy and practice which incorporates both life and career stages, and which proactively addresses academic careers and ageing. Given an increasingly globalised and competitive labour market, it is in both the university's and the individual academic's best interests to work proactively and collaboratively in order to create a mutually beneficial future.
Antisperm antibodies detected by mixed agglutination reaction and immunobead test are not associated with chronic inflammation and infection of the seminal tract

The association between chronic inflammatory/infectious diseases of the male reproductive tract and the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in semen is still controversial. We compared the results of the mixed agglutinin reaction (MAR) test and immunobead test for detecting ASA type IgG and IgA in 133 patients attending our special outpatient department for andrological infections and evaluated the differences in the detection rate of ASA. Patients were divided into three groups: a study group that included 79 patients with symptomatic nonacute inflammatory/infectious diseases of the seminal tract, a control group (n = 44) and a third group of men with a history of successful vasectomy reversal (n = 10). The two tests correlated in a statistically significant manner for the detection of IgG and IgA in all groups. The overall positive detection rate of clinical significant levels of IgG and IgA was 2.5% and 1.3% (respectively) in the patients with inflammation/infection of the seminal tract. No statistical significant difference in the detection rate of ASA levels between the inflammatory/infectious group and the controls was detected. The results of the MAR test and immunobead test have a statistical significant correlation and their results provide evidence that there is no association between inflammatory/infectious diseases of the male reproductive tract and the presence of ASA in semen.
Improving the Quality of Experience Journals: Training Educational Psychology Students in Basic Qualitative Methodology.

This study evaluates the impact of teaching basic qualitative methodology to preservice teachers enrolled in an educational psychology course in the quality of observation journals. Preservice teachers enrolled in an educational psychology course requiring 45 hr of field experience were given qualitative methodological training as a part of the course content after students in a prior semester had shown weak journaling skills. In the first semester, students received general guidance on creating an “observational journal” required as a part of the course. In the second semester, students received additional qualitative methodological training. Analysis and comparison of student journals from the two semesters revealed that preservice teachers who received instruction in qualitative methods demonstrated a higher level of analysis, insight, and application as measured by the journal rubric. Surveys at the end of the course indicated that qualitative training helped the students to reflect on the field experience and appreciate the applicability of the theoretical concepts presented in the course.
Construct validation of the translated version of the work–family conflict scale for use in Korea

Recently, the stress of work–family conflict has been a critical workplace issue for Asian countries, especially within those cultures experiencing rapid economic development. Our research purpose is to translate and establish construct validity of a Korean-language version of the Multi-Dimensional Work–Family Conflict (WFC) scale used in the U.S. organizational context. The significance of this study is filling the cross-cultural gap in work–family interface studies by developing a psychometrically valid foreign (Korean) version of the WFC scale and facilitating cross-cultural studies on work–family issues in the workplace. We performed factor analysis to uncover the underlying structure of the Korean version of the WFC scale. The results indicate that the Korean version demonstrates psychometric properties similar to the original English version of the WFC scale.
Measurements of topological characteristics for Peer-to-Peer systems

The popularity of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing applications such as Gnutella, Kazaa and eDonkey has created a considerable amount of research interest in P2P architectures. In order to evaluate a P2P network properly, we must take into account the topological properties of the network that have a significant impact on the design and implementation of a P2P system. In this paper, we present a thorough study about the topological properties of Gnutella network, which provides insight into the nature of underlying system, helps us design high performance algorithms and generates more realistic topologies for simulation experiments.
A Research Review about Online Learning: Are Students Satisfied? Why do Some Succeed and Others Fail? What Contributes to Higher Retention Rates and Positive Learning Outcomes?

What are the foundations of student satisfaction or dissatisfaction with online courses? Why do online learners succeed and others fail or drop out? What kind of instructional designs, pedagogical practices, and administrative standards contribute to the development of effective online courses with high retention rates and positive student learning outcomes? Plenty of valid, well-researched information and literature reviews, along with abundant data accumulated through student/faculty surveys and online learning course evaluations, are outlined and summarized inside numerous academic papers that attempt to answer such questions. This report is based on the author's search and analysis of numerous scholarly academic papers that addressed such questions and were published between 2004 and 2007.
Bio-inspired surface treatment on touch screen panels (TSPs) for adhesion enhancement

Immersion of substrates in a dilute aqueous solution of bio-inspired building blocks resulted a deposition of polydopamine thin film on the substrate. The Self-polymerization speed measured by ellipsometry was 1.6 nm/hr. Strong catalyst was added in order to enhance the speed. The resulting speed was increased from 1.6 nm/hr to 30 nm/hr. Bio-inspired surface treated PET and ITO-PET substrates with various treatment times were assembled with FPC using commercial acrylic ACF. As a result, adhesion strength between PET substrates and FPC was enhanced dramatically from below 10 gf/cm to over 500 gf/cm even when the treatment time was 5 min. Electrical contact resistance did not show any notable changes. It was presumably due to the sufficiently low thickness (2.5 nm) of bio-inspired thin film on the electrode.
Growing neural networks

Growing neural networks are networks which are constructed by executing genetic instructions contained in a genotype. These instructions and their products interacts non-linearly to eventually determine the mature structure. We present simulations in which the mapping from genotype to phenotype is instantaneous and simulations in which it develops in time during a segment of an individual's lifetime, i.e. the individual's developmental age, allowing us to study both neural evolution and neural development. The results shed some light on (a) why modular architectures are likely to emerge, (b) why similar successions of stages tend to appear in both evolution and development, and (c) why a developmental age is preserved evolutionarily although the mature state may appear to be more efficient from the point of view of fitness.
An Analysis of Knowledge Collected from Volunteer Contributors

A new generation of intelligent applications can be enabled by broad-coverage repositories of knowledge. One emerging approach to constructing such repositories is proactive knowledge collection from large numbers of volunteer contributors. In this paper, we study the coverage and quality of a representative collection of part-of information contributed by volunteers. We analyze growth of coverage over time, redundancy of the collected knowledge, and the effect of the coverage and redundancy on the quality of the collection. We also present initial comparisons with collections created by ontology engineering and text extraction approaches. Our analysis reveals that redundancy of contribution helps identify high quality statements, but that some of the statements also have overly high redundancy, drawing contributor effort away from areas where they are needed more. We suggest possible ways to address these issues in future collection efforts.