Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Durability of Marker-Quantitative Trait Loci Haplotypes in Structured Populations

Given the relative ease of identifying genetic markers linked to QTL (compared to finding the loci themselves), it is natural to ask whether linked markers can be used to address questions concerning the contemporary dynamics and recent history of the QTL. In particular, can a marker allele found associated with a QTL allele in a QTL mapping study be used to track population dynamics or the history of the QTL allele? For this strategy to succeed, the marker-QTL haplotype must persist in the face of recombination over the relevant time frame. Here we investigate the dynamics of marker-QTL haplotype frequencies under recombination, population structure, and divergent selection to assess the potential utility of linked markers for a population genetic study of QTL. For two scenarios, described as “secondary contact” and “novel allele,” we use both deterministic and stochastic methods to describe the influence of gene flow between habitats, the strength of divergent selection, and the genetic distance between a marker and the QTL on the persistence of marker-QTL haplotypes. We find that for most reasonable values of selection on a locus (s ≤ 0.5) and migration (m > 1%) between differentially selected populations, haplotypes of typically spaced markers (5 cM) and QTL do not persist long enough (>100 generations) to provide accurate inference of the allelic state at the QTL.
Phase transitions in the crystals of L- and DL-cysteine on cooling: intermolecular hydrogen bonds distortions and the side-chain motions of thiol-groups. 1. L-cysteine.

The role of the distortion of the hydrogen bond network and of the motions of the -CH 2SH side chains in the phase transition in the orthorhombic L-cysteine ( (+)NH 3-CH(CH 2SH)-COO (-)) on cooling and the reverse transformation on heating is discussed. The extended character of the phase transition, which was recently discovered by adiabatic calorimetry [ J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 9186 ], and its very high sensitivity to the thermal prehistory of the sample could be interpreted based on the changes in the polarized Raman spectra measured for the single-crystals in several orientations in the temperature range 3-300 K and precise diffraction data on the changes in intramolecular conformations and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In the low-temperature phase the SH.S hydrogen bonds dominate as compared to the weaker SH.O contacts, and at ambient temperature the situation is inverse. The transition from one phase to another goes via a series of states differing in conformations of the cysteine zwitterions and the intermolecular contacts of the thiol-group. Motions of different molecular fragments (NH 3 (+), CH 2, CH, SH) are activated at different temperatures. Structural strain on cooling involves several dynamic processes, such as a rigid rotation of the molecule in the lattice, a rigid rotation of the NH 3 group with respect to NH 3-CH bond, and the rotation of the thiol side chain resulting in the switching of S-H hydrogen bonding from one type to another. Different NH.O hydrogen bonds forming the framework in the L-cysteine crystal structure are distorted to a different extent, and this provokes the rotation of the -CH 2SH side chains within the cavities of this framework resulting in a change in the coordination from SH.O to SH.S at low temperatures. The results are interesting for understanding the polymorphism of molecular crystals and the factors determining their dynamics and structural instability, and also for biophysical chemistry, since the properties of the hydrogen bonded thiole-groups in biomolecules can be mimicked using L-cysteine in the crystalline state, variations in temperature and pressure serving as powerful tools, to modify the intramolecular conformations and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Değişime Bağlılık Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması Çalışması

Bu calisma, calisanlarin orgutsel degisim surecine bagliligini ortaya koymak amaciyla Meyer ve Herscovitch (2002) tarafindan gelistirilen Degisime Baglilik Olcegi’nin (Commitment to Change Scale) Turkceye uyarlamayi amaclamaktadir. Orijinal olcek duygusal, normatif ve devam olmak uzere 3 alt boyut ve 18 maddeden olusmaktadir. Olcegin dil gecerligini saglamak icin, ters ceviri yontemi kullanilarak Turkce versiyonu elde edilmis ve bu olcegin Gaziantep ilinde 53 ogretmene iki hafta arayla pilot calismasi yapilmistir. Olcegin Cronbach Alpha guvenirlik katsayisini yukseltmek icin olcekten 5. madde cikarilmistir ve guvenirlik katsayisi 0.798 olarak bulunmustur. Daha sonra, olcegin yapi gecerligi icin Acimlayici Faktor Analizi (AFA) ve Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi (DFA) yapilmistir. AFA sonuclarina gore, olcegin veri setinin faktor analiz icin anlamli oldugu ortaya konmustur (KMO=.951, Bartlett Testi:.000). AFA olcegin 3 boyutlu oldugunu ortaya koymustur. DFA ile olcegin alt boyutlari arasi korelasyon, madde analizi yapilmistir ve uyum indeks degerleri hesaplanmistir. Sonuc olarak, 16 maddelik, uc faktorlu Degisime Baglilik Olcegi ogretmenlerin degisim girisimlerine bagliliklarini ortaya koymada guvenilir ve gecerli bir olcek oldugu belirlenmistir.
Paul's understanding of spiritual formation: Christian formation and impartation

'Spiritual formation' is a popular term today, but definitions of its meaning vary. It is usually thought of from the perspective of the disciple rather than from the perspective of the mentor, who accompanies and guides the disciple in the formation process. This thesis seeks to contribute to a greater understanding of the spiritual formation process by a close examination of Paul's perspective as one forming the protege. Chapter 1 surveys writers who have written on topics related to spiritual formation, and then formulates research questions based on the surveys. Then, current definitions of spiritual formation are compared, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement and notes that there has been only limited study of this theme in Paul's writings. Chapter 2 offers a definition of spiritual formation based on 1 Thessalonians, and explores its key features on the evidence of this letter. From 1 Thessalonians, it is stated that Paul would find the term 'spiritual formation' inadequate and suggests the term 'Christian formation' instead. Also, impartation is identified as an important element in this Christian formation process. Chapter 3 surveys the other letters generally accepted as Pauline, arguing that, while Paul’s basic understanding of Christian formation remains consistent throughout his ministry, certain developments in his understanding can also be identified. Chapter 4 analyses and compares methods of impartation from his contemporary world that may have influenced Paul. Chapter 5 studies Paul’s method of impartation. The verb in 1 Thess. 2:8, metadidōmi, sheds light on the impartational activity practiced by Paul and his associates. Three dimensions of impartation can be discerned: the cognitive, affective, and relational dimensions. The issue of Paul and power based on the postmodern perspective is also discussed. Chapter 6 draws conclusions from the study and reflects on possible implications for the practice of Christian formation today.
Practical Guidelines for Acute Pancreatitis

Introduction: The following is a summary of the official guidelines of the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas regarding the medical, endoscopic and surgical management of acute pancreatitis. Statements: Clinical features together with elevation of the plasma concentrations of pancreatic enzymes are the cornerstones of diagnosis (recommendation A). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) provides good evidence for the presence of pancreatitis (recommendation C) and it should be carried out 48–72 h after the onset of symptoms in patients with predicted severe pancreatitis. Severity assessment is essential for the selection of the proper initial treatment in the management of acute pancreatitis (recommendation A) and should be done using the APACHE II score, serum C-reactive protein and CT assessment (recommendation C). The etiology of acute pancreatitis should be able to be determined in at least 80% of cases (recommendation B). An adequate volume of intravenous fluid should be administered promptly to correct the volume deficit and maintain basal fluid requirements (recommendation A); analgesia is crucial for the correct treatment of the disease (recommendation A). Enteral feeding is indicated in severe necrotizing pancreatitis and it is better than total parenteral nutrition (recommendation A). The use of prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics reduces infection rates in CT-proven necrotizing pancreatitis (recommendation A). Infected pancreatic necrosis in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis is an indication for intervention, including surgery and radiological drainage (recommendation B). Conclusions: The participants agreed to revise the guidelines every 3 years in order to re-evaluate each question on the management of acute pancreatitis patients according to the most recent literature.
A Modal Interface Theory for Component-based Design

This paper presents the modal interface theory, a unification of interface automata and modal specifications, two radically dissimilar models for interface theories. Interface automata is a game-based model, which allows the designer to express assumptions on the environment and which uses an optimistic view of composition: two components can be composed if there is an environment where they can work together. Modal specifications are a language theoretic account of a fragment of the modal mu-calculus logic with a rich composition algebra which meets certain methodological requirements but which does not allow the environment and the component to be distinguished. The present paper contributes a more thorough unification of the two theories by correcting a first attempt in this direction by Larsen et al., drawing a complete picture of the modal interface algebra, and pushing the comparison between interface automata, modal automata and modal interfaces even further. The work reported here is based on earlier work presented in [41] and [42].
The contribution of glomerular activity maps to olfactory perceptual judgements in mice

Odours are first represented in the brain as spatiotemporal maps of activity in the olfactory bulb (OB). Imaging and electrophysiological studies have shown that these maps are both temporally and spatially complex and unique to each odour. Behavioural tasks that probe perceptual differences between odours suggest that odours that evoke similar spatial activity maps in the OB are perceived as similar. However, combination of lesion and behavioural experiments of either the olfactory epithelium or bulb has suggested that rodents can detect and discriminate between odours using minimal stimulus-related input. This has led to a consensus in the field that sensory inputs to the olfactory system contain significant redundant signal and that spatial activity maps are unnecessary for odour coding. The work presented here used a go/no-go behavioural paradigm to investigate the ability of mice not just to detect or discriminate odours after nasal epithelial lesion but also to recognise odours – which enables odour quality perception to be probed. Intrinsic optical imaging was used in the same animals, to observe changes in odour-evoked signals in the OB before and after lesion. The results revealed that even moderatechanges to intrinsic activity maps caused deficits in both odour discrimination and recognition, suggesting that perception of odour quality was significantly altered. Reduction in odour inputs could be equivalent to reducing the intensity of inputs, so alterations to odour quality perception after changes in odour concentration were also examined. Recognition scores were reduced when mice were presented with a familiar odour at an unfamiliar concentration, suggesting odour perception was also significantly altered by reduction of stimulus intensity. In order to determine whether reductions in recognition score caused by lesioning and change in odour concentration had different perceptual origins, mice were trained to generalise across odour concentrations and tested for recognition after lesion. This revealed that impaired recognition after lesion resulted, not from experiencing an altered odour concentration, but from perception of apparent novel odour qualities. Consistent with this, intrinsic imaging data revealed that relative intensity of glomerular activity following lesions was altered compared with maps recorded in shams or by varying odour concentration. Long-standing theories of sensory coding suggest that sensory systems actively match odours in the environment with stored stimulus templates. Odours familiar before lesioning were re-learnt more rapidly after lesioning than novel odours were learnt either before or after lesioning. This suggests that stored templates of familiar odours were compared to moderately altered incoming inputs and, with reinforcement, were rapidly incorporated into those templates. In all, this work suggests that odour quality perception requires comprehensive matching of input patterns to stored representations, suggesting that spatial activity maps are a crucial component of odour coding.
Spin-selective Imaging by Magnetic Exchange Force Microscopy Using Ferromagnetic Resonance.

Techniques to analyze the surface of magnetic memory devices with high spatial resolution are very important to develop today's information technology. The magnetic exchange force is an interaction between spins and is very important for analyzing magnetic properties. Magnetic exchange force microscopy (MExFM), which can detect the magnetic exchange force between the magnetic tip and the magnetic surface, has achieved the atomic-resolution imaging of the spin state on anti-ferromagnetic surface of NiO(001) [1]. In MExFM, however, the separation between a structure and a magnetic state on the surface has not been performed.Here, we propose a new MExFM using ferromagnetic resonance to separate the magnetic and non-magnetic tip-sample interaction. In this method, magnetic tip apex is irradiated by the frequency-modulated microwave with the frequency of ferromagnetic resonance. The magnetization of magnetic tip apex is modulated from on resonance to off resonance. Tip-sample interaction is measured with frequency modulation method. Magnetic images are obtained by detecting the modulation component of the frequency shift of the oscillating cantilever using a lock-in amplifier. Topographic images are obtained by the feedback signal for the constant tip-sample interaction. As a magnetic tip, magnetic cantilever tip coated with FePt with a high coercivity was used to detect the magnetic exchange force without an external magnetic field [2]. We performed imaging on antiferromagnetic material NiO(001) surface (Fig. 1(a)) by MExFM using ferromagnetic resonance. We obtained spin selective image in atomic resolution (Fig. 1(b)). This is the first demonstration of magnetization modulation of the magnetic tip apex using ferromagnetic resonance as well as the separation of the magnetic and non-magnetic tip-sample interaction in MExFM.jmicro;63/suppl_1/i11-a/DFU053F1F1DFU053F1Fig. 1. (a) Structure of NiO(001) surface and (b) its image (phase) obtained with MExFM using ferromagnetic resonance. (4 nm x 4 nm).
Engaging families into child mental health treatment: updates and special considerations.

OBJECTIVE The current paper reviews recent findings regarding how to conceptualize engagement and factors influencing engagement, treatment attendance rates, and interventions that work. METHOD Research related to the definition of engagement, predictors of engagement and treatment termination, attendance rates, and engaging interventions are summarized as an update to the McKay and Bannon (2004) review. RESULTS Despite ongoing advances in evidence-based treatments and dissemination strategies, engaging families into mental health treatment remains a serious challenge. Within the last several years, a number of technological advances and interventions have emerged to address this problem. Families with children who present disruptive behavior challenges and symptoms of trauma are considered in terms of the unique barriers they experience regarding engagement in treatment. CONCLUSIONS Potential solutions to increase treatment utilization and further research in this area are discussed.
Biomechanical Comparison of Spinal Fusion Methods Using Interspinous Process Compressor and Pedicle Screw Fixation System Based on Finite Element Method

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of a newly proposed Interspinous Process Compressor (IPC) and compare with pedicle screw fixation at surgical and adjacent levels of lumbar spine. Methods A three dimensional finite element model of intact lumbar spine was constructed and two spinal fusion models using pedicle screw fixation system and a new type of interspinous devices, IPC, were developed. The biomechanical effects such as range of motion (ROM) and facet contact force were analyzed at surgical level (L3/4) and adjacent levels (L2/3, L4/5). In addition, the stress in adjacent intervertebral discs (D2, D4) was investigated. Results The entire results show biomechanical parameters such as ROM, facet contact force, and stress in adjacent intervertebral discs were similar between PLIF and IPC models in all motions based on the assumption that the implants were perfectly fused with the spine. Conclusion The newly proposed fusion device, IPC, had similar fusion effect at surgical level, and biomechanical effects at adjacent levels were also similar with those of pedicle screw fixation system. However, for clinical applications, real fusion effect between spinous process and hooks, duration of fusion, and influence on spinous process need to be investigated through clinical study.
Space-time transformation in flux-form semi-Lagrangian schemes

With a finite volume approach, a flux-form semi-Lagrangian (TFSL) scheme with space-time transformation was developed to provide stable and accurate algorithm in solving the advection-diffusion equation. Different from the existing fluxform semi-Lagrangian schemes, the temporal integration of the flux from the present to the next time step is transformed into a spatial integration of the flux at the side of a grid cell (space) for the present time step using the characteristic-line concept. The TFSL scheme not only keeps the good features of the semi-Lagrangian schemes (no Courant number limitation), but also has higher accuracy (of a second order in both time and space). The capability of the TFSL scheme is demonstrated by the simulation of the equatorial Rossby-soliton propagation. Computational stability and high accuracy makes this scheme useful in ocean modeling, computational fluid dynamics, and numerical weather prediction.
Random forest regression based acoustic event detection with bottleneck features

This paper deals with random forest regression based acoustic event detection (AED) by combining acoustic features with bottleneck features (BN). The bottleneck features have a good reputation of being inherently discriminative in acoustic signal processing. To deal with the unstructured and complex real-world acoustic events, an acoustic event detection system is constructed using bottleneck features combined with acoustic features. Evaluations were carried out on the UPC-TALP and ITC-Irst databases which consist of highly variable acoustic events. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the low-dimensional and discriminative bottleneck features with relative 5.33% and 5.51% decreases in error rates respectively.
Is expressive flexibility related to recovery from a stressful task

Habitual suppression of emotions has been linked to adverse consequences such as avoidant attachment, lower social support, and reduced relationship closeness (e.g. John & Gross, 2004). However, accumulating evidence that expression and suppression can be both adaptive and maladaptive in different contexts suggests the importance of flexibility in emotional regulation. The present study examined the mechanisms underlying the only laboratory measure of emotional flexibility: the Expressive Flexibility (EF) task (Bonanno, Papa, Lalande, Westphal, & Coifman, 2004). This measure has been linked to adjustment over a one-year period, especially in the context of social threat, and among people who have experienced higher levels of life stress (Westphal, Seivert & Bonanno, 2010). We sought to test whether EF is related to physiological recovery from stress in the immediate term. Participants completed questionnaire measures, the EF Task and a stressful public speaking task. In the EF task, participants were filmed suppressing, exaggerating, and not altering facial reactions to negative and positive pictures. A “balanced EF” score was calculated reflecting their ability to suppress and exaggerate with equal success. Regression analyses used EF scores as predictors for psychophysiological indices of stress (SCR and HR) during and after the public-speaking task. The interaction of EF and social safeness (SSPS) was predictive of the magnitude of SCR recovery, such that for people with lower EF, higher SSPS is predictive of greater SCR recovery. These results converge with previous findings on the suggestion that EF is related to resilience, especially in the context of adversity. Table of
Proviral loads of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 in asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes

High human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral DNA load (PVL) has been reported to be one risk factor for the development of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is also believed to develop in HTLV‐1 carriers who acquire infection perinatally. ATL cells have been reported to frequently harbor defective provirus. In our study, PVLs for three different regions of HTLV‐1 provirus (5′LTR‐gag, gag and pX) were measured in 309 asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes. PVLs for the pX region in 21 asymptomatic carriers with maternal infection was significantly higher than in 24 carriers with spousal infection. Among 161 carriers with relatively high pX PVLs (equal to or greater than 1 copy per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells), 26 carriers (16%) had low gag PVL/pX PVL (less than 0.5) and four (2%) had low 5′LTR‐gag PVL/pX PVL (less than 0.5). Low gag PVL/pX PVL ratio, which reflects deficiency and/or polymorphism of HTLV‐1 proviral DNA sequences for the gag region, was also associated with maternal infection. These data suggest that HTLV‐1 carriers with maternal infection tend to have high PVLs, which may be related to provirus with deficiency and/or the polymorphism of proviral DNA sequences. In addition, there is a possibility that this ratio may be used as a tool to differentiate the infection routes of asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers, which supports the need for a large scale study.