Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TP53 gene mutations predict the response to neoadjuvant treatment with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin in locally advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE Recent studies have found an association between certain TP53 mutations and resistance to anthracycline-based primary medical therapy in breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TP53 mutational status also might influence the response to a non-anthracycline-containing regimen in primary breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty-five patients with locally advanced breast cancer were investigated for TP53 mutations before receiving combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2) and mitomycin (6 mg/m(2) on day 2), administered every 3 weeks for 2-10 cycles in the neoadjuvant setting. RESULTS Mutations in the TP53 gene, in particular those affecting loop domains L2 or L3 of the p53 protein, were associated with lack of response to chemotherapy (i.e., increase in the diameter product of tumor lesion by >/=25%; P = 0.177 for all mutations and P = 0.006 for those affecting L2/L3 domains, respectively). No statistically significant correlation between TP53 LOH and response to therapy was seen. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant association between lack of response to 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin and mutations affecting the L2/L3 domains of the p53 protein. Together with our previous finding that such mutations predict resistance to weekly doxorubicin, our data suggest that mutations affecting this particular domain of the p53 protein may cause resistance to several different cytotoxic compounds applied in breast cancer treatment.
Proximal Gradient Temporal Difference Learning Algorithms

In this paper, we describe proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way for designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD) reinforcement learning methods can be formally derived, not with respect to their original objective functions as previously attempted, but rather with respect to primal-dual saddle-point objective functions. We also conduct a saddle-point error analysis to obtain finite-sample bounds on their performance. Previous analyses of this class of algorithms use stochastic approximation techniques to prove asymptotic convergence, and no finite-sample analysis had been attempted. An accelerated algorithm is also proposed, namely GTD2-MP, which use proximal "mirror maps" to yield acceleration. The results of our theoretical analysis imply that the GTD family of algorithms are comparable and may indeed be preferred over existing least squares TD methods for off-policy learning, due to their linear complexity. We provide experimental results showing the improved performance of our accelerated gradient TD methods.
Corticofugal GABAergic projection neurons in the mouse frontal cortex

Cortical projection neurons are classified by hodology in corticocortical, commissural and corticofugal subtypes. Although cortical projection neurons had been regarded as only glutamatergic neurons, recently corticocortical GABAergic projection neurons has been also reported in several species. Here, we demonstrate corticofugal GABAergic projection neurons in the mouse frontal cortex. We employed viral-vector-mediated anterograde tracing, classical retrograde tracing, and immunohistochemistry to characterize neocortical GABAergic projection neurons. Injections of the Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus into glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)-Cre knock-in mice revealed neocortical GABAergic projections widely to the forebrain, including the cerebral cortices, caudate putamen (CPu), ventral pallidum (VP), lateral globus pallidus (LGP), nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle (Tu). Minor GABAergic projections were also found in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, diagonal band of Broca, medial globus pallidus, substantial nigra, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Retrograde tracing studies also demonstrated corticofugal GABAergic projection neurons in the mouse frontal cortex. Further immunohistochemical screening with neurochemical markers revealed the majority of corticostriatal GABAergic projection neurons were positive for somatostatin (SS)-immunoreactivity. In contrast, corticothalamic GABAergic projection neurons were not identified by representative neurochemical markers for GABAergic neurons. These findings suggest that corticofugal GABAergic projection neurons are heterogeneous in terms of their neurochemical properties and target nuclei, and provide axonal innervations mainly to the nuclei in the basal ganglia.
The Role of Environment Structure in Multi-Agent Simulations of Language Evolution

A nucleonic device for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials using a radioisotopic fast-neutron source such as lithium-7 admixed with an alpha-particle emitter, such as americium-241, as a means of minimizing the thickness of the layer of bulk material required proximate to the moisture sensor for a neutron-reflection moisture gauge for proper operation of said gauge. Minimization of the required thickness of the bulk material permits use of a neutron-reflection moisture gauge for measurements of bulk materials on lightly-loaded belts and other types of conveyors where measurements have previously been impracticable.
An effective numbering and classification system for dental panoramic radiographs

In the current scenario, identifying a person in mass disasters is a challenging problem if adequate biometric information is not available. It can be handled by using dental radiographs as a suitable biometric means in such a circumstance. Forensic Odontology is a branch under biometrics which uses dental radiographs for human identification. In this paper an attempt is made to develop an algorithm for teeth numbering and classification, which is a major section in Automated Dental Identification system. Individual identification using dental panoramic images is an issue addressed in the literature. Hence, this work makes use of panoramic images for emerging this algorithm. The dental radiographs are initially preprocessed and each tooth is isolated for further processing. This image is subjected to Support Vector Machine classifier to segregate the tooth as Molar or Premolar. Then template matching algorithm followed by Universal numbering system is used to number the teeth. Experimental results show that this algorithm has numbering accuracy of 93.3% for Molar and 92% for premolar.
Efficient inversions and duplications of mammalian regulatory DNA elements and gene clusters by CRISPR/Cas9

The human genome contains millions of DNA regulatory elements and a large number of gene clusters, most of which have not been tested experimentally. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) programed with a synthetic single-guide RNA (sgRNA) emerges as a method for genome editing in virtually any organisms. Here we report that targeted DNA fragment inversions and duplications could easily be achieved in human and mouse genomes by CRISPR with two sgRNAs. Specifically, we found that, in cultured human cells and mice, efficient precise inversions of DNA fragments ranging in size from a few tens of bp to hundreds of kb could be generated. In addition, DNA fragment duplications and deletions could also be generated by CRISPR through trans-allelic recombination between the Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) on two homologous chromosomes (chromatids). Moreover, junctions of combinatorial inversions and duplications of the protocadherin (Pcdh) gene clusters induced by Cas9 with four sgRNAs could be detected. In mice, we obtained founders with alleles of precise inversions, duplications, and deletions of DNA fragments of variable sizes by CRISPR. Interestingly, we found that very efficient inversions were mediated by microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) through short inverted repeats. We showed for the first time that DNA fragment inversions could be transmitted through germlines in mice. Finally, we applied this CRISPR method to a regulatory element of the Pcdhα cluster and found a new role in the regulation of members of the Pcdhγ cluster. This simple and efficient method should be useful in manipulating mammalian genomes to study millions of regulatory DNA elements as well as vast numbers of gene clusters.
Information Centric Networks for Parallel Processing in the Datacenter

Datacenters provide an interesting environment for the deployment of information-centric networking (ICN) protocols. The innovative features of ICNs, such as network-layer caching of named data, when combined with new opportunities given by naming semantics, such as the selective forwarding of data processing queries and the on-path processing of partial replies, introduce a large degree of freedom in protocol design. The advantages provided by these features can be accentuated by an appropriate choice of underlying datacenter topologies. In this paper, we discuss the design of a Map/Reduce application protocol built according to ICN naming semantics, consider its requirements in terms of support by the networking substrate, and briefly evaluate its behavior with respect to caching and aggregation in a highly-dimensional datacenter topology.
Off-line signature verification based on chain code histogram and Support Vector Machine

In this paper, we present an approach based on chain code histogram features enhanced through Laplacian of Gaussian filter for off-line signature verification. In the proposed approach, the four-directional chain code histogram of each grid on the contour of the signature image is extracted. The Laplacian of Gaussian filter is used to enhance the extracted features of each signature sample. Thus, the extracted and enhanced features of all signature samples of the off-line signature dataset constitute the knowledge base. Subsequently, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used as the verification tool. The SVM is trained with the randomly selected training sample's features including genuine and random forgeries and tested with the remaining untrained genuine along with the skilled forge sample features to classify the tested/questioned sample as genuine or forge. Similar to the real time scenario, in the proposed approach we have not considered the skilled fore sample to train the classifier. Extensive experimentations have been conducted to exhibit the performance of the proposed approach on the publicly available datasets namely, CEDAR, GPDS-100 and MUKOS, a regional language dataset. The state-of-art off-line signature verification methods are considered for comparative study to justify the feasibility of the proposed approach for off-line signature verification and to reveal its accuracy over the existing approaches.
Collagen XVII and TIMP-1 in epithelial cell migration

Collagen XVII (BP180) is a transmembrane component of hemidesmosomes, which connect basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane. The extracellular domain of collagen XVII is proteolytically shed from the cell surface and released to the extracellular matrix. Apart from its function in epithelial cell adhesion, collagen XVII has been suggested to participate in keratinocyte motility. The collagen XVII expression pattern was studied in wounds of oral mucosa and in epithelial tumors. During re-epithelialization, collagen XVII was expressed in the keratinocytes distal to the wound edge, but not in the leading cells of the epithelial tip. Collagen XVII upregulation was observed in moderate/severe dysplasias of oral mucosa. In follicular ameloblastomas and basal cell carcinomas, collagen XVII expression was reduced in peripheral cells, whereas cytoplasmic staining was detected in central tumor cells. Tongue squamous cell carcinomas showed increased collagen XVII expression in grade II/III tumors, particularly in areas of invasive growth. The results suggest a correlation between overexpression of collagen XVII and the invasive potential of the tumor. For the first time, the role of collagen XVII in the regulation of malignant migration was explored. The presence of COL15, the cell adhesion domain of collagen XVII, induced migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells in transmigration assays. Experiments with specific function-blocking integrin antibodies revealed that the promigratory function of COL15 is mediated by αv and α5
Who is Protected ? On the Incidence of Fiscal Adjustment

Standard policy advice at times of fiscal adjustment is to protect public spending on the poor. However, there is remarkably little theory or evidence to draw on in assessing the case for such policies. To help fill this gap, the paper begins with a theoretical model of the incidence of fiscal expansions and contractions, identifying conditions under which the poor will be exposed to cuts without a policy change. The paper then studies various social programs in Argentina, Bangladesh and India, focusing on how targeting performance varied with aggregate outlays. The results suggest that it tends to be program spending on the non-poor that is protected from budget cuts. Drawing on these results, recommendations are made for more effective safety nets in developing countries.
Hierarchical Clustering in Medical Document Collections: the BIC-Means Method

Hierarchical clustering of text collections is a key problem in document management and retrieval. In partitional hierarchical clustering, which is more effi cient than its agglom- erative counterpart, the entire collection is split into clusters and the individual clusters are further split until a heuristically- motivated termination criterion is met. In this paper, we defi ne the BIC-means algorithm, which applies the Bayesian Infor- mation Criterion (BIC) as a domain independent termination criterion for partitional hierarchical clustering. We evaluate the effectiveness of BIC-means in clustering and retrieval on medi- cal document collections and we propose a dynamic version of the BIC-Means algorithm for adapting an existing clustering solution to document additions.
Predictive value of image cytometry for diagnosis of lung cancer in heavy smokers

The Research Institute for Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Lung Cancer (RIDTELC) Lung Study was initiated to determine whether lung cancer screening by automated sputum cytometry combined with conventional sputum cytology and auto-fluorescence in addition to white light bronchoscopy could enhance the detection rate of early lung cancer. The present study analyses the initial findings to evaluate the efficiency of automated sputum cytology in predicting the diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, malignancy grade was used as a predictive parameter for lung cancer. In total, 2,480 heavy smokers (>30 pack-yrs), aged 50–74 yrs, with no previous cancer in the last 5 yrs, received chest radiology, conventional sputum cytology and sputum cytometry screening. In total, twenty-seven lung cancers were diagnosed, representing a prevalence of 1.1%, 25 of which provided sputum samples. Positive automated sputum cytology results were seen in 176 smokers (7.2%), 10 (0.4%) of whom had severe dysplasia or higher lesions (positive results) by conventional sputum cytology examination. Out of 25 tumour cases, 20 had suspicious results using automated sputum cytology, representing 80% sensitivity. One patient out of 24 with tumours had positive results on conventional sputum cytology, representing a sensitivity of 4.2%. For all stages of squamous cell lung cancer and later stage adenocarcinoma the sensitivity of automated sputum cytology was 100%. For adenocarcinoma stage I sensitivity was 25%. In conclusion, DNA analysis of sputum slides by automated sputum cytology may be a suitable tool for the detection of early lung cancer and the characterisation of a high-risk group with pre-invasive lesions for follow-up.
Design and Implementation of Electronic Gesture Recognition Unit Using Accelerometer to Control Robotic Arm Powered With Cortex-M 3 Core

–Mechatronics is one of the promising trends in the era of computing in today’s system automation industry and control. The proposed project is one such attempt of designing an accelerometer based system to communicate with an industrial robotic arm wirelessly. This project comprises of design and implementation of the robotic arm powered with Cortex–M3 based LPC1768 core. The core has to be interfaced with DC motors of robotic arm to control the movements of robotic arm. ADXL335 is a three dimensional accelerometer sensor used for this purpose, this accelerometer sensor captures gestures of human-arm and produces three analog output voltages in three dimensional axes. And two flex sensors are used to control the gripper movement. For different movements of accelerometer and flex sensors corresponding characters will be sent to the Cortex-M3 core wirelessly using 2.4GHz RF module. And depending on the received character robotic arm can be controlled in Dynamic or Static mode by communicating with EEPROM using I2C protocol. Keywords––Accelerometer, Robotic arm, Arduino, RF transceiver, CORTEX M-3, Networking.
Black hole mergers: can gas discs solve the ‘final parsec’ problem?

We compute the effect of an orbiting gas disc in promoting the coalescence of a central supermassive black hole binary. Unlike earlier studies, we consider a finite mass of gas with explicit time dependence: we do not assume that the gas necessarily adopts a steady state or a spatially constant accretion rate, i.e. that the merging black hole was somehow inserted into a pre-existing accretion disc. We consider the tidal torque of the binary on the disc, and the binary's gravitational radiation. We study the effects of star formation in the gas disc in a simple energy feedback framework. The disc spectrum differs in detail from that found before. In particular, tidal torques from the secondary black hole heat the edges of the gap, creating bright rims around the secondary. These rims do not in practice have uniform brightness either in azimuth or time, but can on average account for as much as 50 per cent of the integrated light from the disc. This may lead to detectable high-photon-energy variability on the relatively long orbital time-scale of the secondary black hole, and thus offer a prospective signature of a coalescing black hole binary. We also find that the disc can drive the binary to merger on a reasonable time-scale only if its mass is at least comparable with that of the secondary black hole, and if the initial binary separation is relatively small, i.e. a0≲ 0.05 pc. Star formation complicates the merger further by removing mass from the disc. In the feedback model we consider, this sets an effective limit to the disc mass. As a result, binary merging is unlikely unless the black hole mass ratio is ≲0.001. Gas discs thus appear not to be an effective solution to the ‘last parsec’ problem for a significant class of mergers.
Cryptography - IEEE Potentials

securely is not new. For centuries, people have had a need to keep their communications private. Today, digital communications systems, particularly those related to the Internet, are used to carry vast amounts of sensitive data. Sending credit card information to a web site in an e-commerce transaction or exchanging confidential trade secrets by e-mail are typical examples. The field of cryptography deals with the techniques for conveying information securely. The goal is to allow the intended recipients of a message to receive the message properly while preventing eavesdroppers from understanding the message. The message in its original form is called plaintext. The transmitter in a secure system will encrypt the plaintext in order to hide its meaning. This reversible mathematical process produces an encrypted output called ciphertext. The algorithm used to encrypt the message is a cipher. Cryptanalysis is the science of breaking ciphers, and cryptanalysts try to defeat the security of cryptographic systems. A ciphertext can be transmitted openly across a communications channel. Because of its encrypted nature, eavesdroppers who may have access to the ciphertext will ideally be unable to uncover the message’s meaning. Only the intended recipient can decrypt the message to recover the plaintext for interpretation. These processes are shown in Fig. 1.
Comparison of attribute selection techniques and algorithms in classifying bad behaviors of vocational education students

This study presents the comparison of attribute selection techniques which used for classifying the bad behaviors of vocational education students. There are two classification methods: hybrid classification and single classification. Hybrid classification includes two steps, step one is attribute selection by search method using genetic search and results are compared by three evaluators: 1) Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) 2) Consistency-based Subset Evaluation and 3) Wrapper Subset Evaluation. Step two is the classification of data set by using selected attributed from step one and four classification algorithms. Next, Simple classification used classification algorithms only without attribute selection. The four classification algorithms that used in this experiment for comparing in two methods are : 1) Naive Bayes classifier 2) Baysian Belief Network 3) C4.5 algorithm and 4) RIPPER algorithm. The measurements of classification efficiency had been obtained by using the k-fold cross validation technique. From the experiment, it was found that hybrid classification technique using genetic search and CFS evaluator with C4.5 algorithm, gives the highest accuracy rate at 82.52%. However, results from F-measure evaluation showed that C4.5 algorithm did not fit for all data types. The hybrid classification technique using genetic search and wrapper subset with Baysian belief network can give a better precision value which can be seen in the F-measure, and it gives the accuracy rate at 82.42%.
Indirection mapping for quasi-conformal relief texturing

Heightfield terrain and parallax occlusion mapping (POM) are popular rendering techniques in games. They can be thought of as per-vertex and per-pixel relief methods, which both create texture stretch artifacts at steep slopes. To ameliorate stretching artifacts, we describe how to precompute an indirection map that transforms traditional texture coordinates into a quasi-conformal parameterization on the relief surface. The map arises from iteratively relaxing a spring network. Because it is independent of the resolution of the base geometry, indirection mapping can be used with POM, heightfields, and any other displacement effect. Noisy textures like grass and stucco can be used with indirection mapped (which is convenient when texturing terrain.) We pre-warp structured textures by the inverse of the indirection map to maintain their appearance. Our process gives approximately uniform texture resolution on all surfaces. During rendering, the time and space overhead are one texture fetch and one texture map.