Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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Semiconductor reliability is a growing issue as device critical dimensions shrink and integration levels continue to grow at a rapid pace. Aggressive oxide thickness scaling has led to large vertical electric fields in MOSFET devices where oxide breakdown is a critical issue. The high field also leads to significant thresholdvoltage shift over time due to the negative-bias temperature-instability (NBTI) effect, creating additional uncertainty in device behavior over time. Proposed dynamic control systems that modify the voltage, sleep state, and workload of components of large systems [1,2] further complicate a priori reliability qualification and call for on-chip structures for real-time estimation of various reliability mechanisms [3,4]. The NBTI sensor proposed in [4] is intended to be used for general NBTI characterization and not insitu monitoring of degradation, due to large area overhead (~450× area of NBTI sensor in this work), inability to correct for temperature variations encountered during operation and the analog output of the sensor. We introduce two compact structures to digitally quantify the change in performance and power of devices undergoing NBTI and defect-induced oxide breakdown. The small size of the sensors makes them amenable to use in a standard-cell design with low area and power overhead. The sensors can be implemented in large numbers to collect data on degradation and statistical performance of the devices.
The Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)--validation among young and middle-aged adults.

OBJECTIVE To validate the Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-J) for use among young and middle-aged adults. Evaluating the criterion validity was particularly important in this study. METHOD The original Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was translated into Japanese. Data from 6,079 subjects aged 20-59 were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire and the oral condition records of a sample of workers. The survey involved items for the OHIP-J and self-rated oral health, denture wearing, number of missing teeth, work type, occupational rank, gender, and age. We adopted a self-rated oral health and number of missing teeth as validity criteria for this analysis. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression analysis, the adjusted total OHIP-J scores for respondents who rated their oral health as poor were higher than those who did not (46.6 vs. 27.6; p<0.001). The variable of missing teeth was significantly associated with the OHIP-J total and subscale scores independent of gender, age and denture wearing (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the OHIP-J is suitable for assessing the oral health-related quality of life of young and middle-aged adults in Japan.
Multiple hypothesis track maintenance with possibly unresolved measurements

In surveillance problems dense clutter/dense target situations call for refined data association and tracking techniques. In addition, closely spaced targets may exist which are not resolved. This phenomenon has to be considered explicitly in the tracking algorithm. We concentrate on two targets which temporarily move in close formation and derive a generalization of MHT methods on the basis of a simple resolution model.
Peer-to-Peer

Preface Andy Oram Part I. Context and Overview 1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet Nelson Minar and Marc Hedlund 2. Listening to Napster Clay Shirky 3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme Tim O'Reilly 4. The Cornucopia of the Commons Dan Bricklin Part II. Projects 5. SETI@home David Anderson 6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies Jeremie Miller 7. Mixmaster Remailers Adam Langley 8. Gnutella Gene Kan 9. Freenet Adam Langley 10. Red Rover Alan Brown 11. Publius Marc Waldman, Lorrie Faith Cranor, and Avi Rubin 12. Free Haven Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, and David Molnar Part III. Technical Topics 13. Metadata Rael Dornfest and Dan Brickley 14. Performance Theodore Hong 15. Trust Marc Waldman, Lorrie Faith Cranor, and Avi Rubin 16. Accountability Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, and David Molnar 17. Reputation Richard Lethin 18. Security Jon Udell, Nimisha Asthagiri, and Walter Tuvell 19. Interoperability Through Gateways Brandon Wiley Afterword Andy Oram Appendix: Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects Index
Информативность мультипараметрического МР-исследования в выявлении рака предстательной железы. Классификация pi-rads (prostate imaging-reporting and data system)

Цель исследования определение возможностей муль-типараметрической (мп) МРТ в диагностике рака про-статы, значений магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии (МРС), диффузионно-взвешенных изображений (ДВИ) и динамического контрастного усиления (ДКУ). МРТ про-ведено на МР-томографе Achieva (Филипс, Нидерланды) с напряженностью магнитного поля 3 Тл с применением 32 канальной фазированной катушки для тела. В исследовании приняли участие 89 мужчин, из них — 81 (91%) пациент с подозрением на рак предстательной железы. При мпМРТ у 24 (39,4%) были очаги неоплазии в од-ном сегменте одной доли — Т2 а. При Т2b у 6 (9,8%) — опухоль занимала более половины объема одной доли. В Т2 с, при поражении обеих долей, у 15 (24,6%). Распро-странение за пределы капсулы Т3 а — у 7 (11,5%). В Т3b — распространение на семенные пузырьки у 8 (13,1%). При Т4 у одного пациента (1,6%) — распространение опухоли за капсулу железы в стенки прямой кишки и мочевого пу-зыря. Пункционная биопсия проведена 81 пациенту. При МРТ с ДКУ по классификации PI-RADS, к PI-RADS 1 и 2 были отнесены — 14,8% (n=12); к PI-RADS 3–12,3% (n=10); к PI-RADS 4–34,6% (n=28) наблюдений и к PI-RADS 5–38,3% (n=31). Вероятно злокачественные и высоко по-дозрительные образования — 72,9%; подозрения на зло-качественные у 12,3%; доброкачественные и вероятно доброкачественные — 14,8%. При последующем срав-нении данных ДКУ с результатами морфологического заключения в 2,47% наблюдений была гиподиагностика и в 2,4% — гипердиагностика. Морфологически у 81 па-циента с патологией ПЖ у 75,3% (n=61) был рак, а у 24,7% (n=20) — простатит и ДГПЖ. Независимо друг от друга оценивалась информа-тивность каждой методики при мпМРТ: Т2-взвешенных изображений (Т2-ВИ) чувствительность — 86,8%, специ-фичность — 70,0%, точность — 82,7%. ДВИ чувствитель-ность — 90,0%, специфичность — 72,7%, точность — 86,4%. МРС чувствительность — 93,2%, специфичность — 77,2%, точность — 88,8%. ДКУ чувствительность — 98,3%, специ-фичность — 95,0%, точность — 97,5%. Таким образом, мультипараметрический подход в диа-гностике рака предстательной железы увеличивает каче-ство и диагностическую значимость МРТ простаты. Каждая методика несет дополнительную информацию, которая в совокупности дает полную картину поражения ПЖ и яв-ляется необходимой для назначения адекватного лечения. Ключевые слова: рак предстательной железы,классификация PI-RADSKeywords: prostate cancer, classification of PI-RADS
4×4 MIMO based on QSTBC codes whit Alamouti codification and FEC

This paper presents the implementation of a 4×4 MIMO system, using universal software-defined radio peripherals, with Alamouti and QSTBC codes. We also employed FEC and M-QAM modulation in order to increase the transmission reliability at high bit rates. Results show that there's a strong signal stability when employing this transmission system given that the SNR of the 4-QAM modulation is 24 dB with a BER of 8×10−4. We further improved the transmission results applying a BCH codification.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the ileocecal region of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Abstract We undertook this study to immunolocalize in quail vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the ileocecal region, which is a significant entry point for intestinal immunity. Diffuse cytoplasmic reaction for FGF-2 and VEGF was observed in the epithelial cells of the distal ileum and proximal cecal mucosa. VEGF immunoreactive cells, which give strong intracytoplasmic immunoreaction, were observed in the lamina propria of both intestinal parts. FGF-2 immunoreactive cells were seen in the lamina propria and germinative centers of lymph follicles in the cecum mucosa. Expressions of FGF-2 and VEGF in healthy quail intestines indicate that these factors have physiological roles in quail.
Convergence analysis of a data echo canceller with a stochastic gradient adaptive FIR filter using the sign algorithm

Under the assumption that the "errors at the taps" are Gaussian distributed, a new set of recurrence formulae is derived for calculating theoretical convergence process of a data echo canceller equipped with an FIR filter that is adaptively controlled by using the "stochastic gradient sign algorithm" with a binary and white process as the filter input. Convergence curves for the mean squared residual echo based on the recurrence formulae show an excellent agreement with those obtained by simulation. Approximate recurrence formulae that yield a useful, though less accurate, estimation of the residual echo convergence are also proposed. Furthermore, a closed-form solution to the approximate recurrence formulae is derived. And finally, probability density function of the residual echo is depicted as it changes its shape as the echo canceller converges.
Fatty acid metabolism in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (plsB) mutants

Fatty acid metabolism was examined in Escherichia coli plsB mutants that were conditionally defective in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. The fatty acids synthesized when acyl transfer to glycerol-3-phosphate was inhibited were preferentially transferred to phosphatidylglycerol. A comparison of the ratio of phospholipid species labeled with 32Pi and [3H]acetate in the presence and absence of glycerol-3-phosphate indicated that [3H]acetate incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol was due to fatty acid turnover. A significant contraction of the acetyl coenzyme A pool after glycerol-3-phosphate starvation of the plsB mutant precluded the quantitative assessment of the rate of phosphatidylglycerol fatty acid labeling. Fatty acid chain length in membrane phospholipids increased as the concentration of the glycerol-3-phosphate growth supplement decreased, and after the abrupt cessation of phospholipid biosynthesis abnormally long chain fatty acids were excreted into the growth medium. These data suggest that the acyl moieties of phosphatidylglycerol are metabolically active, and that competition between fatty acid elongation and acyl transfer is an important determinant of the acyl chain length in membrane phospholipids.
Effects of Ca2+ on erythrocyte membrane skeleton-bound phosphofructokinase, ATP levels, and hemolysis.

Erythrocyte Ca2+ overload is known to occur in several different disease states, and to affect the erythrocyte membrane deformability. We show here that an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in erythrocytes, induced by ionomycin, caused a reduction in ATP levels. Concomitant to the fall in ATP, a marked activation of phosphofructokinase (PFK) (EC 2.7.1.11), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, in the membrane skeleton fraction occurred. The increase in the membrane skeleton-bound PFK activity was most probably mediated by Ca2+, as direct addition of Ca2+ to the membrane skeleton fraction from the erythrocyte induced an enhancement of the bound PFK activity. Time-response curves revealed that erythrocyte hemolysis did not occur during the first 30 min of incubation with ionomycin, when the membrane skeleton-bound PFK was activated. Longer incubation time resulted in solubilization of the membrane skeleton-bound PFK and a concomitant hemolysis of the erythrocytes. These results suggest that the Ca2+-induced activation of membrane skeleton-bound PFK, and thereby glycolysis, the sole source of energy in erythrocytes, may be a defense mechanism to surmount the damage induced by high Ca2+ levels.
PARENTS' EXPERIENCES AS MEDIATORS OF THEIR CHILDREN'S LEARNING: THE IMPACT OF BEING A PARENT-TEACHER

This article discusses the way parents’ past experiences influence the construction of their mathematical identities, their representations and their valorizations of current school mathematics, and how these factors mediate involvement with their children’s mathematical learning. Two different groups of parents, with and without teaching experience, were interviewed. Participants within the groups showed similarities in the ways they constructed their own mathematical identities, and differences in how they constructed representations and valorizations of current school mathematics. Whilst those with teaching experience generally held more positive representations of current practices, the way they valued these practices changed according to their perceptions of their child’s needs, and the various roles they adopted.
Seven principles for managing IT solutions from a provider's perspective

IT solutions are a way to differentiate from competitors and to meet new customer expectations. However, for organizations transforming into IT solution providers, it is still unclear how to manage IT solutions. Based on literature on IT solutions and a multiple case study, we derive seven principles for managing IT solutions from the provider? s perspective. Main principles include that IT solution providers should have a modularized offering portfolio in place to ensure cost-efficient IT solution delivery for each customer and that IT solution providers should learn from each customer engagement to attune their offering portfolio constantly to market needs. As a result from our management principles, we argue that becoming an IT solution provider requires more effort than just changing the offering portfolio to include service.
Memory and executive function predict mobility rehabilitation outcome after lower-limb amputation

Purpose. Post-amputation rehabilitation is physically and cognitively demanding. Understanding which specific cognitive domains mediate outcome is critical to the development of interventions. Method. A cohort undergoing post-amputation rehabilitation was assessed before limb fitting and followed up at 6 months (n = 34). The average age was 60.69 years (SD = 13.98). 82.4% of the sample was male. 79.4% had amputations because of peripheral arterial disease. Memory, visuospatial function, executive function, praxis, emotion and language were assessed at Time 1 (first prosthetic clinic attendance). Time 1 data were also gathered on aetiology, level of amputation, comorbidities, pain and demographics. Six month outcomes were the locomotor capability index (LCI), the special interest group in amputee medicine (SIGAM) mobility grades and self reported hours of use. Results. The LCI at 6 months was significantly predicted in regression analyses by a measure of visual memory (figure recall) (adjusted R2 = 24.8%, df = 32, zβ = 0.52, p = 0.002. Hours of use were predicted by the verbal fluency test total (adjusted R2 = 17.1%, df = 26, zβ = 0.45, p = 0.017). SIGAM mobility grades were predicted by a combination of immediate verbal memory (story recall), age, level of amputation and presence of pain (adjusted R2 = 58.2, df = 30, zβ = 0.52, p = 0.000). Conclusions. Neuropsychological and clinical variables predict a large amount of 6 month outcome variance. Cognitive difficulties may be considered mediators of poor outcome.
Hepatic steatosis in living liver donor candidates: preoperative assessment by using breath-hold triple-echo MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of both breath-hold T2*-corrected triple-echo spoiled gradient-echo water-fat separation magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (triple-echo imaging) and high-speed T2-corrected multiecho hydrogen 1 ((1)H) MR spectroscopy in the assessment of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donor candidates by using histologic assessment as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study with waiver of the need to obtain informed consent. One hundred eighty-two liver donor candidates who had undergone preoperative triple-echo imaging and single-voxel (3 × 3 × 3 cm) MR spectroscopy performed with a 3.0-T imaging unit and who had also undergone histologic evaluation of macrovesicular steatosis were included in this study. In part 1 of the study (n = 84), the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to detect substantial (≥10%) macrovesicular steatosis. In part 2 of the study, with a different patient group (n = 98), diagnostic performance was evaluated by using the diagnostic cutoff values determined in part 1 of the study. RESULTS The correlation coefficients of triple-echo MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with macrovesicular steatosis were 0.886 and 0.887, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve for detection of substantial macrovesicular steatosis were 0.959 and 0.988, with cutoff values of 4.93% and 5.79%, respectively, and without a significant difference (P = .328). In the part 2 study group, sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% (10 of 11) and 86.2% (75 of 87) for triple-echo MR imaging and 90.9% (10 of 11) and 86.2% (75 of 87) for MR spectroscopy, respectively. CONCLUSION Either breath-hold triple-echo MR imaging or MR spectroscopy can be used to detect substantial macrovesicular steatosis in living liver donor candidates. In the future, this may allow selective biopsy in candidates who are expected to have substantial macrovesicular steatosis on the basis of MR-based hepatic fat fraction.
Gene expression from both intronless and intron-containing Rous sarcoma virus clones is specifically inhibited by anti-sense RNA

To distinguish the inhibitory effect of anti-sense RNA on translation from the effect on splicing, a plasmid (pLC32) was constructed from a cDNA clone of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) envelope gene (env) mRNA. Transcription of this plasmid results in the synthesis of RNA identical to the RSV env gene mRNA which does not require splicing to be expressed. Plasmids derived from pLC32 were also constructed in which the env gene coding sequence and 5' noncoding leader sequences were inserted in the opposite orientation relative to the RSV long terminal repeats (LTRs). pLC32 DNA transfected by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique efficiently rescued infectious virus from quail cells infected with an RSV mutant deleted in the env gene [R(-)Q cells], indicating that the intron sequences are dispensable in env gene expression. When the inverted constructs were cotransfected with pLC32, significantly less infectious virus was produced. The extent of the inhibition depended upon the concentration ratio of the two plasmids. The maximum inhibition (80%) occurred when the ratio of inverted constructs to pLC32 was 12:1. The inhibition is specific for the inverted orientation since cotransfection of pLC32 with several other plasmids containing viral LTRs and defective src and env genes at similar concentrations did not inhibit the production of infectious virus. In addition, the inverted constructs did not interfere with the expression of an LTR-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. When cotransfected with a wild-type Prague A RSV DNA plasmid (pJD100), the inverted constructs also greatly inhibited expression and replication of virus in R(-)Q quail cells. These data suggest that the specific inhibition is caused by hybridization of complementary RNA transcribed from the inverted constructs to the env mRNA, thereby blocking its expression. The fact that expression of both intron-containing and intronless clones are inhibited to the same extent suggest that inhibition by anti-sense RNA from the env exon regions does not act at the level of RNA splicing.
Dilute passage promotes expression of genetic and phenotypic variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cell culture

We have studied the extent of genetic and phenotypic diversification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) upon 15 serial passages of clonal viral populations in MT-4 cell cultures. Several genetic and phenotypic modifications previously noted during evolution of HIV-1 in infected humans were also observed upon passages of the virus in cell culture. Notably, the transition from non-syncytium-inducing to syncytium-inducing phenotype (previously observed during disease progression) and fixation of amino acid substitutions at the main antigenic loop V3 of gp120 were observed in the course of replication of the virus in MT-4 cell cultures in the absence of immune selection. Interestingly, most genetic and phenotypic alterations occurred upon passage of the virus at a low multiplicity of infection (0.001 infectious particles per cell) rather than at a higher multiplicity of infection (0.1 infectious particles per cell). The degree of genetic diversification attained by HIV-1, estimated by the RNase A mismatch cleavage method and by nucleotide sequencing, is of about 0.03% of genomic sites mutated after 15 serial passages. This value is not significantly different from previous estimates for foot-and-mouth disease virus when subjected to a similar process and analysis. We conclude that several genetic and phenotypic modifications of HIV-1 previously observed in vivo occur also in the constant environment provided by a cell culture system. Dilute passage promotes in a highly significant way the expression of deviant HIV-1 genomes.
A stereovision system for dimensional measurements in industrial robotics applications

The great variety of artificial vision applications, ranging from industrial automation and robotics to analysis and classification of documents, from bioinformatics and medicine to data mining, is due to the reinforcement of information systems by the realization of algorithms that improved stability and efficiency of the results, also from the computational complexity point of view. The purpose of this work is to propose a stereoscopic vision system for dimensional measurements in an application of industrial robotics. The paper describes as a camera mounted on a six-axis robot manipulator cna calculate the real dimension of a target object. So, in the application the vision system is not composed by two physical cameras, bu the stero system is created by the movement of a single lcamera. The work provides a calibration procedure of the camera preliminary to the stage of actual measurement. Experimental results on a target with a simpole and well-defined shape have shown that the accuracy of the measurement is strongly influenced by a correct calibration.
Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine: in vitro DNA polymerase reactions on DNA templates containing 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine.

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (fC) were synthesized by the phosphoramidite method and subsequent oxidation with sodium periodate. The stabilities of duplexes containing A, G, C or T opposite fC were studied by thermal denaturation. It was found that fC:A, fC:C or fC:T base pairs significantly reduce the thermal stabilities of duplexes. Next, single nucleotide insertion reactions were performed using ODNs containing fC as templates and the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. It was found that: (i) insertion of dGMP opposite fC appears to be less efficient relative to insertion opposite 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (mC); (ii) dAMP is misincorporated more frequently opposite fC than mC, although the frequency of misincorporation seems to be dependent on the sequence; (iii) TMP is misincorporated more frequently opposite fC than mC. These results suggest that fC may induce the transition mutation C.G-->T.A and the transversion mutation C.G-->A.T during DNA synthesis.