Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Folk on the Delaware general corporation law

As reporter for the revised Delaware Corporation Law, Ernest L. Folk played the decisive role in the actual drafting of the law. His great subsequent analysis -- now in its Fifth Edition -- is organized by code section, with incisive and extensively annotated commentary that includes: strategies and options for specific business decisions and activities under the statute - detailed analysis of the practical applications and effects of each statutory provision and judicial decision - and all the major cases, many of them unreported and unavailable in any other source. You'll find easy-to-follow, ready-to-use guidance on such important matters as: duties of officers and directors - director and officer liability - the business judgment rule - standards of fairness in corporate transactions - administrative guidelines on filing - mergers and acquisitions - the poison pill defense and other takeover tactics - contested takeovers, leveraged buyouts, and proxy contests - appraisal rights - and alternative business entities. Discusses and analyzes Delaware legislation and recent Delaware Supreme Court decisions.
Analysis of brain connectivity in simultaneous EEG/fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging utilizing the blood oxygenation level dependent effect as an indicator of local activity is a very useful technique to identify active brain regions. Currently, there is a growing interest in studying the connectivity between different brain regions. This contribution summarizes the approach of enhancing the fMRI analysis by fusing EEG data processing with fMRI statistical analysis. This leads to a more precise localization of the specific active areas, which might be the initial regions for analysis of effective brain connectivity using the dynamic causal modelling. The technique is tested on the simultaneously measured dataset EEG/fMRI.
E-field distribution improvement by new hyperthermia applicators

It is well known that the hyperthermia (HT) treatment method in cancer therapy makes use of the controlled electromagnetic heating in the patient's body. With regard to the deep body hyperthermia therapy, we have reviewed in this paper the most recent technology and technique of electromagnetic deep heating (Sigma-Eye applicator) based on annular phased arrays (APA) antennas. In order to improve the performance of the Sigma-Eye applicator, a new profile of the antenna was designed using a substrate material with high permittivity. The good results of the simulations compared with the classical Sigma-Eye applicator in terms of SAR deposition and focus capability lead us to further improvements of both the heat generation devices and the treatment planning methods.
Phase transition in the detection of modules in sparse networks

We present an asymptotically exact analysis of the problem of detecting communities in sparse random networks generated by stochastic block models. Using the cavity method of statistical physics and its relationship to belief propagation, we unveil a phase transition from a regime where we can infer the correct group assignments of the nodes to one where these groups are undetectable. Our approach yields an optimal inference algorithm for detecting modules, including both assortative and disassortative functional modules, assessing their significance, and learning the parameters of the underlying block model. Our algorithm is scalable and applicable to real-world networks, as long as they are well described by the block model.
Smart camera networks: An analytical framework for auto calibration without ambiguity

With the proliferation of smart environment, smart multi-camera networks assume growing significance. Specifically, non-intrusive calibration of such camera networks becomes imperative in smart applications such as telepresence systems, where multi-view imaging/recording needs to be performed in a dynamic setting with continuously changing intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. Unfortunately, popular auto calibration methods are known to introduce ambiguity or require manual intervention. In this backdrop, we propose a three-camera configuration (which can be generalized) with a stereo pair having known baseline distance and an additional (mono) camera positioned arbitrarily, and analytically establish the uniqueness of auto calibration in the proposed configuration.
Intelligent Program Loudness Measurement and Control: What Satisfies Listeners?

The broadcast, satellite and cable television industries have been plagued for years by the inability of personnel to accurately interpret and thus consistently control program loudness utilizing traditional measurement devices and methods. As a result, most listeners feel compelled to make adjustments to their television volume controls (in the home). A recent survey of channel-to-channel and/or program-to-program level discrepancies and subjective listening tests confirms that current the practice is unacceptable to listeners. In this paper we describe loudness measurement techniques that improve accuracy, usability, and consistency relative to previous techniques. Accuracy in this application is determined by correlation to listener opinion, with the particular goal of minimizing annoyance resulting from level mismatch. Usability is improved by minimizing the interaction required by the user. Consistency is achieved by minimizing the amount of meter interpretation required. The keys to this method are: providing a single numeric indication of loudness for a given program or segment; and isolating and measuring the portions of the program that are primarily speech, and using speech loudness as the basis for overall program level thereby improving listener satisfaction. 1. Introduction The need for loudness measurement for program level matching is an active and growing concern for people in the audio content production and distribution industries. With the increase in content distribution mechanisms (cable, satellite, and terrestrial television), formats (analog, digital, data compressed), as well as the increase in dynamic range of many of the delivery channels, level mismatch is clearly getting worse. Therefore, it is clear that a reliable and consistent method for measuring program loudness is needed.
Semiparametrically efficient inference based on signed ranks in symmetric independent component models

We consider semiparametric location-scatter models for which the p-variate observation is obtained as X=Lambda Z+mu, where mu is a p-vector, Lambda is a full-rank p*p matrix, and the (unobserved) random p-vector Z has marginals that are centered and mutually independent but are otherwise unspecified. As in blind source separation and independent component analysis (ICA), the parameter of interest throughout the paper is Lambda. On the basis of n i.i. d. copies of X, we develop, under a symmetry assumption on Z, signed-rank one-sample testing and estimation procedures for Lambda. We exploit the uniform local and asymptotic normality (ULAN) of the model to define signed-rank procedures that are semiparametrically efficient under correctly specified densities. Yet, as usual in rank-based inference, the proposed procedures remain valid (correct asymptotic size under the null, for hypothesis testing, and root-n consistency, for point estimation) under a very broad range of densities. We derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed procedures and investigate their finite-sample behavior through simulations.
The forming and assessment of creative skills, from a neurocognitive point of view

Introduction Most subjects in modern school have an element of creative work. It is a goal of many curricula, to enhance skill and to foster the ability to design and innovate. In Art and Craft Education this goal plays a major role but it is important in other subjects as well. During the last two decades a new comprehensive subject, "Technology" or "Design and Technology", has been introduced in many countries. In these curricula creative design is a core activity.
A downlink scheduling based on queue length estimation for VoIP in WiMAX networks

How to allocate resources in an efficient way and the provision of Quality of Services (QoS) guarantee are the major issues in delivering delay sensitive traffic, like VoIP service, in WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). One well-designed scheduling algorithm is expected to coordinate QoS-related functional entities in WiMAX architecture. Existing downlink scheduling algorithms of WiMAX, like DRR (Deficit Round-Robin) and WRR (Weighted Round-Robin), usually reserve minimum rate to each type of traffic and cannot consider the status of queue length of each connection, thus making it unsuitable for VoIP on-off traffic model. Therefore, we propose an efficient downlink scheduling algorithm, which allocate the bandwidth based on queue-length estimation. We compare the proposed scheme with DRR and WRR by estimating the system performance such as average delay, loss rate and throughput under several traffic scenario and system parameters value.
Analysis and optimization of auto-correlation based frequency offset estimation

In this letter, a general auto-correlation based frequency offset estimation (FOE) algorithm is analyzed. An approximate closed-form expression for the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the FOE is obtained, and it is proved that, given training symbols of fixed length N, choosing the number of summations in the auto-correlation to be �3 � and the correlation distance to be � 2N 3 � is optimal in that it minimizes the MSE. Simulation results are provided to validate the analysis and optimization.
Energy – Efficient Design of the Reorder Buffer 1

Some of today’s superscalar processors, such as the Intel Pentium III, implement physical registers using the Reorder Buffer (ROB) slots. As much as 27% of the total CPU power is expended within the ROB in such designs, making the ROB a dominant source of power dissipation within the processor. This paper proposes three relatively independent techniques for the ROB power reduction with no or minimal impact on the performance. These techniques are: 1) dynamic ROB resizing; 2) the use of low–power comparators that dissipate energy mainly on a full match of the comparands and, 3) the use of zero–byte encoding. We validate our results by executing the complete suite of SPEC 95 benchmarks on a true cycle–by–cycle hardware–level simulator and using SPICE measurements for actual layouts of the ROB in 0.5 micron CMOS process. The total power savings achieved within the ROB using our approaches are in excess of 76% with the average performance penalty of less than 3%.
Performance analysis of container-based hadoop cluster: OpenVZ and LXC

Hadoop is an open-source software framework that commonly used for distributed processing and distributed storage in large datasets (big data). It perform processing and stored the data across all nodes in cluster. But, the deployment and operational costs of physical cluster are costly in some reasons. Physical cluster needs high energy and rigid in manageability. As the solution, virtualization technology used to get more flexibility and reduce costs. But, hypervisor-based virtualization gives more I/O performance overhead compared to bare-metal server. Nowadays, container-based virtualization are used to obtain lower performance overhead. Open Virtuozzo (OpenVZ) and Linux Container (LXC) are the examples of container-based virtualization. Implementation of container-based virtualization gives near native performances.
Dissection of Darkener of Apricot Kinase Isoform Functions in Drosophila

The Darkener of apricot (Doa) locus of Drosophila encodes a LAMMER protein kinase affecting alterative splicing, and hence sex determination, via the phosphorylation of SR and SR-like proteins. Doa encodes 6 different kinases via alternative promoter usage. To provide further insight into the roles of the multiple isoforms, we mapped polymorphisms, deletions, and P-element insertions in the locus, identifying several that are largely, if not completely, isoform specific in their effects. These tests, along with the use of lines permitting overexpression and interfering RNA expression, demonstrate that the major isoforms of 55 and 105 kDa perform separate functions. The 105-kDa and a minor 138-kDa isoform are both vital but do not apparently perform functions essential for sex determination. Curiously, male-specific lethality induced by overexpression of the 55-kDa kinase in the larval fat body is rescued by coexpression of TRA, suggesting a sex-specific physiological role for this isoform. Maternal effects in which the survival of heteroallelic adults depends upon the direction of the cross are consistent with a role for a 105-kDa cytoplasmic kinase in oogenesis or early larval development.
The Measurement of the Consumer Trust to O2O E-Commerce Based on Fuzzy Evaluation

O2O E-commerce is booming. The consumer trust is important to the development of O2O, so this paper studies the related factors of consumer trust degree of O2O in four dimensions, including customer factor, vendor factor, website platform factor and transaction environment factor. We set up a comprehensive evaluation method based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and the fuzzy analysis. Empirical analysis shows that the current level of O2O consumer trust is low. The research model and quantified measure conclusion could provide some information support to vendors at different age of O2O development.
Intolerance and Liberal Democracy in Post 2003 Iraq

Much literature on the topic of democratization in post 2003 Iraq claims that cultural factors have impeded a process of effective and sustained democratic development in the country. In many instances however, these claims are very general and fail to specify and theoretically defend how exactly, cultural facets relating to attitudes and behavior such as lacking religious tolerance, have functioned as variables conducive toward obstructing a process of democratization in the country. For the sake of specificity in terms of the correlation between culture and failed democracy in Iraq, the objective of this investigation has been to explore intolerance, or more specifically religious intolerance in Iraqi society since 2003 as found, and theoretically assess via theory of democratic political culture, its implications upon components of liberal democracy. This entailed three systematic stages facilitating theoretically grounded results. First, the identification of intolerance in Iraqi society via actions or behavior reflecting discrimination as a proxy indicator of the former. Second, an assessment of these findings in terms of their implications upon liberal democracy components. And lastly, subjection of democratic political culture theory to those liberal democracy implications observed and discussed in the prior stage. What was found, is Iraqi social intolerance to a greater or lesser extent acting as a variable conducive toward obstructing liberal democracy. This is illustrated by the direct negative implications and effects upon liberal democracy components, resulting from a prevalence of discrimination between Sunnis and Shia Muslims as both a product, and likewise a reflection of religious intolerance in Iraq.
W-band T-Junction and bifurcated substrate integrated waveguide diplexers

W-band T-junction and bifurcated substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers are proposed in this paper. Instead of conventional 0.127 mm substrate for W-band circuitry, a 0.254 mm substrate is chosen for Q-value improvement A WR-10 waveguide to 0.254 mm SIW E-plane transition is developed for measurement purpose. Two diplexers are implemented.
CONVERGENCE RATES FOR REGULARIZED SOLUTIONS OF INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FROM DISCRETE NOISY DATA

Given data yi = (Kg)(u,) + Ei where the E's are random errors, the u's are known, g is an unknown function in a reproducing kernel space with kernel r and K is a known integral operator, it is shown how to calculate convergence rates for the regularized solution of the equation as the evaluation points (u,} become dense in the interval of interest. These rates are shown to depend on the eigenvalue asymptotics of KRK*, where R is the integral operator with kernel r. The theory is applied to Abel's equation and the estimation of particle size densities in stereology. Rates of convergence of regularized histogram estimates of the particle size density are given.
Multicore Power Management Utilizing Error-Predicting Flip-flop

Multicore processor is one of the promising techniques to satisfy computing demands of the future consumer devices. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique is a mature power reduction technique. Unfortunately, when they are combined, the efficiency in power reduction is mitigated as the number of cores on a chip increases. Furthermore, multicore processor is still threatened by increasing energy consumption due to process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. They require large design margins in the supply voltage, resulting in large energy consumption. This paper proposes to combine the DVS technique with a dual-sensing flip-flop (FF), named Canary FF, in order to reduce the overestimated voltage margin. We adopt Canary FF to a Toshiba's quad-core MeP and estimate its power reduction by cycle-based simulations. We find that the power consumption is reduced by 21.2%.
Network Working Group Structure-aware Time Division Multiplexed (tdm) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (cesopsn) Appendix A. a Common Ce Application State Signaling Mechanism .....33 Appendix B. Reference Pe Architecture for Emulation of Nxds0

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes a method for encapsulating structured (NxDS0) Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) signals as pseudowires over packet-switching networks (PSNs). In this regard, it complements similar work for structure-agnostic emulation of TDM bit-streams (see RFC 4553).
Infer Mobility Patterns and Social Dynamics for Modelling Human Behaviour

Investigating human mobility patterns and comprehending the social dynamics that govern people movements is of high interest for multiple aspects and reasons. Location-based services, mobile network management, and urban planning are just few of the several applications that benefit fromthis kind of assessment. This work focuses on the stochasticanalysis of spatiotemporal and social network data in order tobuild a human behaviour model which aims to predict socialdynamics and to infer users' mobility patterns and interests.
Video-based face recognition technology for automotive security

In this paper, face recognition technology is applied to automotive security. Because the face system is totally non-intrusive, it can therefore make an existing security system more effective without bothering the user in any way. This paper introduce a video-based face recognition systems for auto security, and describe the face recognition systems and algorithm in detail.
Endogenous Growth and Renewable Resources Under Different Management Regimes: Impacts on Development and Welfare

This paper explores the role of renewable resources in a tractable model of endogenous growth driven by horizontal and vertical innovation. The model is tractable in that it yields a complete, analytical characterization of the path of utility and the associated welfare level. This property is exploited to compare two cases of renewable resource management: open access and full property rights. The first case involves a common property problem in which agents ignore the long-term resource viability; the second fully internalizes the dynamics of the resource stock. Analysis shows that if the natural regeneration rate of the renewable resource is too low, the tragedy of the commons occurs. If, instead, the natural regeneration rate is sufficiently high, the steady-state growth rate of the economy is identical across the two management regimes. The reason is because there is no scale effect; that is, the steadystate growth rate of the economy does not depend on the labor or the resource endowment. However, the development path on which the economy transits from the developing stage (no R&D activity) to the developed stage (positive R&D activity) depends on the resource management regime. In particular, a developing economy under full property rights will cross its development threshold prior to one under open access. This threshold depends on the size of the manufacturing firms. When it becomes sufficiently large as a result of the decline in the number of firms over time, there will be an incentive for the remaining firms to conduct R&D. Given the same number of manufacturing firms, the firm size is larger under full property rights than under open access due to higher nominal expenditure per capita. Therefore, the development threshold will be reached sooner under full property rights. In other words, the economy will start engaging in R&D activities sooner and more quickly accumulate knowledge, which is the source of long-run growth. Moreover, switching from full property rights to open access is welfare reducing due to two effects. The first is through the price of the harvest good. Although the economy initially enjoys a lower price of harvest good, the price gradually increases as the resource becomes scarcer. Secondly, the competitive household instantaneously loses the resource income and thus spends less on manufacturing goods. This decreases the incentive for manufacturing firms to conduct R&D and results in a temporary deceleration of the growth rate of TFP relative to the baseline case of full property rights. The economy therefore experiences a cumulative loss of TFP relative to the baseline, which is the novel feature of our model of endogenous innovation. This mechanism has interesting and wide-ranging implications for the role of resources in development and growth. ∗Economics Department, Duke University, Durham NC; email: np17@duke.edu
Machine Characterization and Benchmark Performance Prediction

From runs of standard benchmark suites, it is not possible to characterize the machine nor to predict the running time of other benchmarks which have not been run. In this paper, we report on a new approach to benchmarking and machine characterization. We describe the creation and use of a machine analyzer, which measures the performance of a given machine on Fortran source language constructs. The machine analyzer yields a set of parameters which characterize the machine and spotlight its strong and weak points. We also describe a program analyzer, which analyzes Fortran programs and determines the frequency of execution of each of the same set of source language operations. We then show that by combining a machine characterization and a program characterization, we are able to predict with good accuracy the running time of a given benchmark on a given machine. Characterizations are provided for the Cray X-MP/48, Cyber 205, IBM 3090/200, Amdahl 5840, ConvexC-1, VAX 8600, VAX 11/785, VAX 11/ 780, SUN 3/50 and IBM RT-PC/125, and for the following benchmark programs suites: Los Alamos (BMK8A1), Baskett, Linpack, Livermore Loops, Mandelbrot Set, NAS Kernels, Shell Sort, Smith, Whetstone and Sieve of Erathostenes.