Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Security Providing using Visual Cryptography

A visual cryptography scheme (VCS) is a secret sharing of secret image shares which involves dividing the secret image into number of shares and a certain number of shares are sent over the network. The decryption process involves stacking of the shares to get the secret image. The main advantage of visual cryptography scheme is that a number of qualified shares are able to recover the secret image without any cryptographic knowledge, calculation and computation devices. Simple Visual Cryptographic technique is not secure. Because simple visual cryptography scheme only deals with creation of secret share and just combined it at receiver side. In the proposed system we apply visual cryptography technique. The image is to be transferred on the network (also known as secret image) is first compressed and then hidden by cover image using LSB technique. To enhance security, additional security measures are applied further to get encrypted image using symmetric key algorithm. The shares are generated from the encrypted image using RNS (Residual Number System) algorithm. Next share stacking procedure is applied using CRT (Chinese Remainder Theorem) algorithm to get final encrypted image at receiver side. Further, decryption of final encrypted image is done by using same algorithm which is used for encryption purpose. By applying this technique security and quality of image is improved and pixel expansion problem will get reduced.
Measures and Meanings: Exploring the Ego-Net of Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, Militant Suffragette

In this paper we discuss the personal network or ‘ego-net’ of Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, a militant suffragette and one of the founder members of the Nottingham Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). Our aims are fourfold. Firstly, we want to make a contribution to the growing literature, briefly reviewed, on the significance of social networks in relation to social movements. Secondly, we want to make a contribution to the academic literature on the suffragettes. Thirdly, at a methodological level, we want to contribute to ongoing efforts, briefly reviewed, to bring qualitative concerns and issues back into social network analysis, generating a dialogue between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Finally, we conceive of this paper as a pilot for a much larger study of suffragette networks. Specifically, it allows us to experiment with ways of drawing network data from an archive and, relating to our third aim, to dry run an approach to network analysis which integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches.
A 0.9 V 92 dB Double-Sampled Switched-RC Delta-Sigma Audio ADC

A 0.9 V third-order double-sampled delta-sigma audio ADC is presented. A new method using a combination of a switched-RC technique and a floating switched-capacitor double-sampling configuration enabled low-voltage operation without clock boosting or bootstrapping. A three-level quantizer with simple dynamic element matching was used to improve linearity. The prototype IC implemented in a 0.13 CMOS process achieves 92 dB DR, 91 dB SNR and 89 dB SNDR in a 24 kHz audio signal bandwidth, while consuming 1.5 mW from a 0.9 V supply. The prototype operates from 0.65 V to 1.5 V supply with minimal performance degradation.
Rabbit Articular Cartilage Defects Treated With Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes

Adult New Zealand rabbits were used to transplant autologously harvested and in vitro cultured chondrocytes into patellar chondral lesions that had been made previously and were 3 mm in diameter, extending down to the calcified zone. Healing of the defects was assessed by gross examination, light microscope, and histological-histochemical scoring at 8, 12, and 52 weeks. Chondrocyte transplantation significantly increased the amount of newly formed repair tissue compared to that found in control knees in which the lesion was solely covered by a periosteal flap. In another experiment, carbon fiber pads seeded with chondrocytes were used as scaffolds, and repair significantly increased at both 12 and 52 weeks compared to knees in which scaffolds without chondrocytes were implanted. The histologic quality scores of the repair tissue were significantly better in all knees in which defects were treated with chondrocytes compared to knees treated with periosteum alone and better at 52 weeks compared to knees in which defects were treated with carbon scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes. The repair tissue, however, tended to incomplete the bonding to adjacent cartilage. This study shows that isolated autologous articular chondrocytes that have been expanded for 2 weeks in vitro can stimulate the healing phase of chondral lesions. A gradual maturation of the hyalinelike repair with a more pronounced columnarization was noted as late as 1 year after surgery.
Alcohols, ethers, carbohydrates, and related compounds. II. The anomeric effect

The anomeric effect has been studied for a variety of compounds using the MM4 force field, and also using MP2/6‐311++G(2d,2p) ab initio calculations and experimental data for reference purposes. Geometries and energies, including conformational, rotational barriers, and heats of formation were examined. Overall, the agreement of MM4 with the experimental and ab initio data is good, and significantly better than the agreement obtained with the MM3 force field. The anomeric effect is represented in MM4 by various explicit terms in the force constant matrix. The bond length changes are accounted for with torsion‐stretch elements. The angle changes are accounted for with torsion‐bend elements. The energies are taken into account with a number of torsional terms in the usual way. A torsion‐torsion interaction is also of some importance. With all of these elements included in the calculation, the MM4 results now appear to be adequately accurate. The heats of formation were examined for a total of 12 anomeric compounds, and the experimental values were fit by MM4 with an RMS error of 0.42 kcal/mol. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 1473–1489, 2003
Rapid additive manufacturing of MR compatible multipinhole collimators with selective laser melting of tungsten powder.

PURPOSE The construction of complex collimators with a high number of oblique pinholes is very labor intensive, expensive or is sometimes impossible with the current available techniques (drilling, milling or electric discharge machining). All these techniques are subtractive: one starts from solid plates and the material at the position of the pinholes is removed. The authors used a novel technique for collimator construction, called metal additive manufacturing. This process starts with a solid piece of tungsten on which a first layer of tungsten powder is melted. Each subsequent layer is then melted on the previous layer. This melting is done by selective laser melting at the locations where the CAD design file defines solid material. METHODS A complex collimator with 20 loftholes with 500 μm diameter pinhole opening was designed and produced (16 mm thick and 70 × 52 mm(2) transverse size). The density was determined, the production accuracy was measured (GOM ATOS II Triple Scan, Nikon AZ100M microscope, Olympus IMT200 microscope). Point source measurements were done by mounting the collimator on a SPECT detector. Because there is increasing interest in dual-modality SPECT-MR imaging, the collimator was also positioned in a 7T MRI scanner (Bruker Pharmascan). A uniform phantom was acquired using T1, T2, and T2* sequences to check for artifacts or distortion of the phantom images due to the collimator presence. Additionally, three tungsten sample pieces (250, 500, and 750 μm thick) were produced. The density, attenuation (140 keV beam), and uniformity (GE eXplore Locus SP micro-CT) of these samples were measured. RESULTS The density of the collimator was equal to 17.31 ± 0.10 g∕cm(3) (89.92% of pure tungsten). The production accuracy ranges from -260 to +650 μm. The aperture positions have a mean deviation of 5 μm, the maximum deviation was 174 μm and the minimum deviation was -122 μm. The mean aperture diameter is 464 ± 19 μm. The calculated and measured sensitivity and resolution of point sources at different positions in the field-of-view agree well. The measured and expected attenuation of the three sample pieces are in a good agreement. There was no influence of the 7T magnetic field on the collimator (which is paramagnetic) and minimal distortion was noticed on the MR scan of the uniform phantom. CONCLUSIONS Additive manufacturing is a very promising technique for the production of complex multipinhole collimators and may also be used for producing other complex collimators. The cost of this technique is only related to the amount of powder needed and the time it takes to have the collimator built. The timeframe from design to collimator production is significantly reduced.
The moment of truth: Conceptualizing managerial work‐life policy allowance decisions

Organizational efforts of adopting, designing, and implementing work–family policies converge into single, discretionary decisions of supervisors whether or not to ‘allow’ these policies to specific employees under their supervision. These decisions are referred to as allowance decisions. In order to close a theoretical gap in current work– family literature, we present an integrated, conceptual model of managerial allowance decisions. We develop propositions regarding factors that influence a supervisor’s allowance decision at three different levels of analysis and behavioural outcomes in employees. Building on organizational justice theory, moderating effects of employees’ fairness perceptions of allowance decisions are discussed. Finally, we outline implications for future research and recommendations for managers in organizations.
Tifinaghe Document Converter

Recognition of documents has become a basic necessity for two reasons: first to secure the existing data in paper because of the limited of their lives duration and the high rate of destruction insects, fire or humidity secondly to reduce space of archives. The aim of this work is to realize a converter that detects images and text within a document image taken by a scanner and applying a system for the recognition of characters OCR in order to obtain a web page HTML extension ready to be used in the same computer or on the web hosts to be accessible by everyone.
Production practices affecting worker task demands in concrete operations: A case study.

BACKGROUND Construction work involves significant physical, mental, and temporal task demands. Excessive task demands can have negative consequences for safety, errors and production. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study investigates the magnitude and sources of task demands on a concrete operation, and examines the effect of the production practices on the workers' task demands. METHODS The NASA Task Load Index was used to measure the perceived task demands of two work crews. The operation involved the construction of a cast-in-place concrete building under high schedule pressures. Interviews with each crew member were used to identify the main sources of the perceived demands. Extensive field observations and interviews with the supervisors and crews identified the production practices. RESULTS The workers perceived different level of task demands depending on their role. The production practices influenced the task demands in two ways: (1) practices related to work organization, task design, resource management, and crew management mitigated the task demands; and (2) other practices related to work planning and crew management increased the crew's ability to cope with and adapt to high task demands. CONCLUSIONS The findings identify production practices that regulate the workers' task demands. The effect of task demands on performance is mitigated by the ability to cope with high demands.
A decade of theory of mind research on cayo santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition

Over the past several decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how primates understand the behavior of others. One open question concerns whether nonhuman primates think about others’ behavior in psychological terms, that is, whether they have a theory of mind. Over the last ten years, experiments conducted on the free‐ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) living on Cayo Santiago have provided important insights into this question. In this review, we highlight what we think are some of the most exciting results of this body of work. Specifically we describe experiments suggesting that rhesus monkeys may understand some psychological states, such as what others see, hear, and know, but that they fail to demonstrate an understanding of others’ beliefs. Thus, while some aspects of theory of mind may be shared between humans and other primates, others capacities are likely to be uniquely human. We also discuss some of the broader debates surrounding comparative theory of mind research, as well as what we think may be productive lines for future research with the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. Am. J. Primatol. 78:106–116, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A biomechanical comparison of successful and unsuccessful power clean attempts

Abstract Although the power clean is an almost ubiquitous exercise in the strength and conditioning setting, relatively little is known about the biomechanics of successful and unsuccessful power clean lift attempts. The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical differences between successful and unsuccessful power clean lift attempts in male collegiate athletes. Fifteen male lacrosse players (Age: 20.1 ± 1.2; Height: 1.78 ± 0.07 m; Body mass: 80.4 ± 8.1 kg; Relative one-repetition maximum power clean: 1.25 ± 0.13 kg/kg) were videotaped during a lifting session that required the completion of maximal effort power cleans to establish a one-repetition maximum. The position of the barbell was digitised and used to calculate the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and acceleration vector of the barbell. The results revealed that unsuccessful attempts were characterised by differences during the second pull phase. Unsuccessful lifts exhibited greater peak forward barbell displacement, lower backward barbell velocities, and lower resultant acceleration angles during the second pull. Strength and conditioning coaches should therefore emphasise limited forward motion of the barbell during the second pull and instruct athletes to generate a more backward-directed force during the second pull in order to lift greater loads during testing and subsequent lifting sessions.
TRP Vanilloid 2 Knock-Out Mice Are Susceptible to Perinatal Lethality But Display Normal Thermal and Mechanical Nociception

TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a nonselective cation channel expressed prominently in medium- to large-diameter sensory neurons that can be activated by extreme heat (>52°C). These features suggest that TRPV2 might be a transducer of noxious heat in vivo. TRPV2 can also be activated by hypoosmolarity or cell stretch, suggesting potential roles in mechanotransduction. To address the physiological functions of TRPV2 in somatosensation, we generated TRPV2 knock-out mice and examined their behavioral and electrophysiological responses to heat and mechanical stimuli. TRPV2 knock-out mice showed reduced embryonic weight and perinatal viability. As adults, surviving knock-out mice also exhibited a slightly reduced body weight. TRPV2 knock-out mice showed normal behavioral responses to noxious heat over a broad range of temperatures and normal responses to punctate mechanical stimuli, both in the basal state and under hyperalgesic conditions such as peripheral inflammation and L5 spinal nerve ligation. Moreover, behavioral assays of TRPV1/TRPV2 double knock-out mice or of TRPV2 knock-out mice treated with resiniferatoxin to desensitize TRPV1-expressing afferents revealed no thermosensory consequences of TRPV2 absence. In line with behavioral findings, electrophysiological recordings from skin afferents showed that C-fiber responses to heat and C- and Aδ-fiber responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were unimpaired in the absence of TRPV2. The prevalence of thermosensitive Aδ-fibers was too low to permit comparison between genotypes. Thus, TRPV2 is important for perinatal viability but is not essential for heat or mechanical nociception or hypersensitivity in the adult mouse.
Serum angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activity processes a human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp160 peptide for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules

T cell stimulation by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp160-derived peptide p18 presented by H-2Dd class I major histocompatibility complex molecules in a cell-free system was found to require proteolytic cleavage. This extracellular processing was mediated by peptidases present in fetal calf serum. In vitro processing of p18 resulted in a distinct reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography profile, from which a biologically active product was isolated and sequenced. This peptide processing can be specifically blocked by the angiotensin- 1 converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril, and can occur by exposing p18 to purified ACE. The ability of naturally occurring extracellular proteases to convert inactive peptides to T cell antigens has important implications for understanding cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vivo, and for rational peptide vaccine design.
Determining an appropriate range of image resolutions for appearance-based object detection and Haar-like feature extraction

This work outlines an approach to measure the influence of input pattern resolution on classification performance for appearance-based object detection algorithms. Signal theory is utilized to determine a reasonable pattern or image resolution before the time-consuming training process is considered. For this reason the energy for a given low resolution image is assessed with respect to the optimal case of high resolution. The approach is justified using an AdaBoost algorithm with Haar-like features in the context of vehicle detection. Furthermore, the transfer function of a Haar-like feature is examined in the context of the framework. Tests of classifiers, trained with different resolutions, are performed and the results are presented. These results reveal that a reasonable trade-off between computational load and classification performance can be made.
Fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight in European women and men

Fish consumption is the major dietary source of EPA and DHA, which according to rodent experiments may reduce body fat mass and prevent obesity. Only a few human studies have investigated the association between fish consumption and body-weight gain. We investigated the association between fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight. Women and men (n 344 757) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition were followed for a median of 5·0 years. Linear and logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between fish consumption and subsequent change in body weight. Among women, the annual weight change was 5·70 (95 % CI 4·35, 7·06), 2·23 (95 % CI 0·16, 4·31) and 11·12 (95 % CI 8·17, 14·08) g/10 g higher total, lean and fatty fish consumption per d, respectively. The OR of becoming overweight in 5 years among women who were normal weight at enrolment was 1·02 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·02), 1·01 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·02) and 1·02 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·04) g/10 g higher total, lean and fatty consumption per d, respectively. Among men, fish consumption was not statistically significantly associated with weight change. Adjustment for potential over- or underestimation of fish consumption did not systematically change the observed associations, but the 95 % CI became wider. The results in subgroups from analyses stratified by age or BMI at enrolment were not systematically different. In conclusion, the present study suggests that fish consumption has no appreciable association with body-weight gain.
Assessing Work as a Calling

This study examined the utility of five popular assessments of work as a calling. A large and diverse group of working adults completed the Calling Paragraph, Brief Calling Scale (BCS), Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ), Calling Scale (CS), and Multidimensional Calling Measure (MCM) at two time points, along with a face valid measure of having a calling (yes or no) and three work-related outcomes. All measures were found to be reliable; have strong test–retest reliability; and moderately to strongly correlate with work meaning, career commitment, and job satisfaction at Time 1 and Time 2. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed mixed evidence concerning the ability of all instruments to load onto one factor. The BCS and CVQ were the best predictors of having a calling, whereas the CS and MCM were the best predictors of work outcomes. The discussion highlights the complexities of each of these instruments in accurately assessing a calling versus a more global, positive work outlook. Recommendations are offered for researchers seeking to study work as a calling.
Subset Labeled LDA for Large-Scale Multi-Label Classification

Labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LLDA) is an extension of the standard unsupervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm, to address multi-label learning tasks. Previous work has shown it to perform in par with other state-of-the-art multi-label methods. Nonetheless, with increasing label sets sizes LLDA encounters scalability issues. In this work, we introduce Subset LLDA, a simple variant of the standard LLDA algorithm, that not only can effectively scale up to problems with hundreds of thousands of labels but also improves over the LLDA state-of-the-art. We conduct extensive experiments on eight data sets, with label sets sizes ranging from hundreds to hundreds of thousands, comparing our proposed algorithm with the previously proposed LLDA algorithms (Prior--LDA, Dep--LDA), as well as the state of the art in extreme multi-label classification. The results show a steady advantage of our method over the other LLDA algorithms and competitive results compared to the extreme multi-label classification algorithms.
In Vivo Analysis of Alternative Modes of Breast Cancer Cell Invasion

Abstract : The purpose of this funded research program is to examine different modes of movement used by mammary tumor cells during local invasion and metastasis. In year 2 of the program I have expanded upon the role of Rho/ROCK signaling in driving tumor cell migration and invasion. Specifically, I have found that collagen I, a component of aggressive primary human breast tumors, promotes an invasive phenotype in a 3D culture system. Collagen I promotes invasion through an increase in actomyosin contractility in MMTV-neu-derived mouse mammary tumor cells. Interestingly, a highly contractile phenotype is normally restricted to myoepithelial/basal cells of the mammary gland, as well as the more aggressive basal-like breast cancers. I have experimental evidence, therefore, that collagen I may be promoting a more aggressive basal clinical subtype in primary breast tumors. In addition, I have found that MMTV-neu-derived cells express markers of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet are non-invasive in Matrigel reconstituted basement membrane. In the presence of collagen I, however, the cells acquire a highly motile mesenchymal phenotype. These results suggest that the invasive properties of mammary tumors depends on the extracellular matrix environment, through an impact on Rho/ROCK signaling.