Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds fed grainless diets varying in concentrate to roughage ratios

Growth and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds, the Afar, Central Highland (CHG) and Long-eared Somali (LES) were evaluated using three grainless diets varying in concentrate:roughage ratios (diet 1 was 50:50, diet 2, 65:35 and diet 3, 80:20) under feedlot conditions. The roughage was native grass hay and the concentrate consisted of wheat bran and noug cake (Guizotia abyssinica). Seventy-two eight-month old intact male goats (24 per breed) were randomly allotted to the dietary treatments, fed for 126 days and slaughtered at an age of approximately 12 months. The LES had higher average daily gain (ADG), heavier slaughter, empty body (EBW) and carcass weights than Afar and CHG goats. Diet significantly affected ADG, but was similar on carcass traits except for dressing percentage (DP) on an EBW basis and some non-carcass components. The DP on an EBW basis was the highest on diet 1. Breed affected the DP, which ranged from 42.5 - 44.6% and 54.3 - 55.8% on slaughter weight and EBW basis, respectively. The LES had a greater buttock circumference and carcass compactness. The pH24 varied between 5.61 - 5.67 and chilling losses were between 2.5 and 3.1%. The physical carcass composition (8-10th rib-cut) ranged from 72 - 73, 6.9 - 10.9 and 17.1 - 20.2% for lean, fat and bone, respectively, and the fat content of the meat ranged from 10.3 - 14.0%. Breed affected the weights of internal fat depots. The findings indicate that breed affected the carcass characteristics of the three Ethiopian goat breeds. Keywords : Indigenous goats; carcass yield; carcass composition; primal cuts; non-carcass components South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 37 (4) 2007: pp.221-232
How Seductive Details Do Their Damage: A Theory of Cognitive Interest in Science Learning

In 4 experiments, students who read expository passages with seductive details (i.e., interesting but irrelevant adjuncts) recalled significantly fewer main ideas and generated significantly fewer problem-solving transfer solutions than those who read passages without seductive details. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, revising the passage to include either highlighting of the main ideas, a statement of learning objectives, or signaling, respectively, did not reduce the seductive details effect. In Experiment 4, presenting the seductive details at the beginning of the passage exacerbated the seductive details effect, whereas presenting the seductive details at die end of the passage reduced the seductive details effect. The results suggest that seductive details interfere with learning by priming inappropriate schemas around which readers organize the material, rather than by distracting the reader or by disrupting the coherence of the passage.
Automatically Creating a Large Number of New Bilingual Dictionaries

This paper proposes approaches to automatically createa large number of new bilingual dictionaries for low resource languages, especially resource-poor and endangered languages, from a single input bilingual dictionary. Our algorithms produce translations of wordsin a source language to plentiful target languages using available Wordnets and a machine translator (MT). Since our approaches rely on just one input dictionary, available Wordnets and an MT, they are applicable toany bilingual dictionary as long as one of the two languagesis English or has a Wordnet linked to the Princeton Wordnet. Starting with 5 available bilingual dictionaries,we create 48 new bilingual dictionaries. Of these, 30 pairs of languages are not supported by the popular MTs: Google and Bing.
The Relation Between Policy Types and Organizational Structures in U.S. Federal Agencies

This study classifies U.S. federal agencies into five types, based on Lowi’s well-known policy scheme. It constructs and tests five hypotheses to identify any structural differences in formalization, span of control, headquarters ratio, and personnel mobility between five types of agencies. The five hypotheses were generally confirmed. One important contribution of this study is that it made the first attempt to do hypothesis testing on Lowi’s agency types. Another contribution of this research is in its sub-classification of Lowi’s fourth category, constituent agencies, into staff and foreign defense agencies. According to the data analyses, each type of these agencies had distinctive organizational structures compared with other types. This legitimizes the sub-classification of constituent agencies. Consequently, this study argues that any significant differences in organizational structures were contingent on the type of policy mission pursued by an agency. Thus, civil service reformers should carefully consider various structural elements that are contingent on the type of agency when implementing reforms.
Growth Stage–Based Phenotypic Analysis of Arabidopsis

With the completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequencing project, the next major challenge is the large-scale determination of gene function. As a model organism for agricultural biotechnology, Arabidopsis presents the opportunity to provide key insights into the way that gene function can affect commercial crop production. In an attempt to aid in the rapid discovery of gene function, we have established a high throughput phenotypic analysis process based on a series of defined growth stages that serve both as developmental landmarks and as triggers for the collection of morphological data. The data collection process has been divided into two complementary platforms to ensure the capture of detailed data describing Arabidopsis growth and development over the entire life of the plant. The first platform characterizes early seedling growth on vertical plates for a period of 2 weeks. The second platform consists of an extensive set of measurements from plants grown on soil for a period of ∼2 months. When combined with parallel processes for metabolic and gene expression profiling, these platforms constitute a core technology in the high throughput determination of gene function. We present here analyses of the development of wild-type Columbia (Col-0) plants and selected mutants to illustrate a framework methodology that can be used to identify and interpret phenotypic differences in plants resulting from genetic variation and/or environmental stress.
XPath satisfiability in the presence of DTDs

We study the satisfiability problem associated with XPath in the presence of DTDs. This is the problem of determining, given a query p in an XPath fragment and a DTD D, whether or not there exists an XML document T such that T conforms to D and the answer of p on T is nonempty. We consider a variety of XPath fragments widely used in practice, and investigate the impact of different XPath operators on the satisfiability analysis. We first study the problem for negation-free XPath fragments with and without upward axes, recursion and data-value joins, identifying which factors lead to tractability and which to NP-completeness. We then turn to fragments with negation but without data values, establishing lower and upper bounds in the absence and in the presence of upward modalities and recursion. We show that with negation the complexity ranges from PSPACE to EXPTIME. Moreover, when both data values and negation are in place, we find that the complexity ranges from NEXPTIME to undecidable. Furthermore, we give a finer analysis of the problem for particular classes of DTDs, exploring the impact of various DTD constructs, identifying tractable cases, as well as providing the complexity in the query size alone. Finally, we investigate the problem for XPath fragments with sibling axes, exploring the impact of horizontal modalities on the satisfiability analysis.
Selecting Key Person of Social Network Using Skyline Query in MapReduce Framework

This paper considers a problem of selecting small number of important person from social networks. We applied skyline query for selecting the key person of social network. Skyline query selects persons from social network those are not dominated by another person. Different from general skyline query, selecting key person from social networks is more complicated because we need to consider different metrics of social network. In addition, social networks is a container of massive data and each and every hour it is increasing in gigantic amount. It is the collective of online communications channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing, and collaboration. We use MapReduce framework to speed up the computation and parallelism. An extensive set of experiments shows that the analysis of social activities, social relationships, and socially shared contents helps to find key person.
Convergence Analysis of Legendre Wavelets Method for Solving Fredholm Integral Equations

In this paper, we study the Legendre wavelets for the solution of linear, nonlinear and singular Fredholm integral equations of second kind using approximation technique. The properties of Legendre wavelets together with the Gaussian integration method are used to reduce the problem to the solution of algebraic equations. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the theoretical analysis of Legendre wavelet approximation method namely, the uniqueness of solution, the convergence analysis for the solution of second kind Fredholm integral equations. Illustrative examples have been discussed to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.
WePatch: a system enabling users to improve bad user interfaces on the web

Many1 user interfaces on the Web are confusing for users to operate or make users more prone to mistakes, and we call such a user interface a "BADUI" (BAD User Interface). To solve these problems, we proposed WePatch, a system enables users to improve BADUIs on the Web by attaching improvement functions virtually. We implemented a prototype WePatch system as a browser extension that had functions for correcting inputted text automatically, and adding annotations and so on. Also, we experimentally compared the usability of BADUIs before and after being qualitatively improved by WePatch. The results revealed that WePatch considerably improved the usability of BADUIs.
Joint scheduling and hybrid ARQ for multi-cell MU-MIMO downlink

User scheduling and multiuser multi-antenna (MUMIMO) transmission are at the core of high-rate data-oriented downlink schemes of the next-generation of cellular systems (e.g., LTE-Advanced). Scheduling selects groups of users according to their channels vector directions and channel quality indicator (CQI). However, when scheduling is applied independently in each cell, the inter-cell interference (ICI) power at each user receiver is random and not known in advance since it changes from slot to slot depending on the scheduling decisions of all interfering base stations. In order to cope with this uncertainty, we consider the joint operation of scheduling, MU-MIMO beamforming and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ). We develop a game-theoretic framework for this multi-cell decentralized scheduling problem for which we prove existence of Nash equilibria, and we build on stochastic optimization techniques in order to devise good joint scheduling and ARQ schemes. We also find “extremal” ICI power statistics that provide uniform lower and upper bounds to the values of the network utility function at all Nash equilibria of the decentralized scheduling game.
Remote sensing and GIS for urban growth analysis in China

The progress of urban remote sensing and GIS in China since the early 1980s is reviewed. The first section introduces the early applications of remote sensing to environmental monitoring and resources investigation, and outlines its achievements. The second section focuses on further analysis of urban expansion from the point of view of spatial distribution patterns and temporal change, taking Beijing, Shanghai, and Dongguan as examples. Urban GIS is discussed in the third section. The regional differences of vcrs development in China are detailed from south to north. As remote sensing and cls technologies develop, they will be combined for use in urban planing and management.
Obligatory biosynthesis of L-tyrosine via the pretyrosine branchlet in coryneform bacteria

Species of coryneform bacteria (Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum, and B. ammoniagenes) utilize pretyrosine [beta-(1-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl) alanine] as an intermediate in L-tyrosine biosynthesis. Pretyrosine is formed from prephenate via the activity of at least one species of aromatic aminotransferase which is significantly greater with prephenate as substrate than with either phenylpyruvate or 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Pretyrosine dehydrogenase, capable of converting pretyrosine to L-tyrosine, has been partially purified from all three species. Each of the three pretyrosine dehydrogenases is catalytically active with either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactors. The Km values for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in C. glutamicum and B. flavum are 55 microM and 14.2 microM, respectively, and corresponding Km values for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are 350 microM and 625 microM, respectively. The molecular weights of pretyrosine dehydrogenase in C. glutamicum and in B. flavum are both about 158,000, compared with 68,000 moleculr weitht in B. ammoniagenes. In all three species the enzyme is not feedback inhibited by L-tyrosine. Results obtained with various auxotropic mutants, which were used to manipulate internal concentrations of L-tyrosine, suggest that pretyrosine dehydrogenase is expressed constitutively. Pretyrosine dehydrogenase is quite sensitive to p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, complete inhibition being achieved at 10 to 25 microM concentrations. This inhibition is readily reversed by thiol reagents such as 2-mercaptoethanol. Coryneform organisms, like species of blue-green bacteria, appear to lack the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pa thway of L-tyrosine synthesis altogether. The loss of pretyrosine dehydrogenase in extracts prepared from a tyrosine auxotroph affirms the exclusive role of pretyrosine dehydrogenase in L-tyrosine biosynthesis. Other reports in the literature, in which the presence in these organisms of prephenate dehydrogenase is described, appear to be erroneous.
Mutualism, market effects and partner control

Intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism often feature a marked asymmetry in the scope for exploitation. Cooperation may nevertheless persist despite one‐sided opportunities for cheating, provided that the partner vulnerable to exploitation has sufficient control over the duration of interaction. The effectiveness of the threat of terminating an encounter, however, depends upon the ease with which both the potential victim and the potential exploiter can find replacement partners. Here, we extend a simple, game‐theoretical model of this form of partner control to incorporate variation in the relative abundance of potential victims and exploiters, which leads to variation in the time required for individuals of each type to find a new partner. We show that such market effects have a dramatic influence on the stable level of exploitation (and consequent duration of interaction). As the relative abundance of victims decreases, they become less tolerant to exploitation, terminating encounters earlier (for a given level of exploitation), whereas exploiters behave in a more cooperative manner. As a result, the stable duration of interaction actually increases, despite the decreasing tolerance of the victims. Below a critical level of relative victim abundance, the model suggests that the cost of finding a replacement partner becomes so great that it does not pay to exploit at all.
Occupational dust exposure and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk in a population-based case–control study conducted in the greater Boston area

Head and neck cancers account for an estimated 549,000 global cancer diagnoses each year. While tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV16 infection are considered to be the major risk factors for this disease, occupational risk factors, including exposure to asbestos, have also been described, although dust exposures other than asbestos have been historically understudied. We have investigated the relationship between occupational exposures to five types of dusts, including sawdust, concrete dust, leather dust, metal dust, and chimney soot, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in the greater Boston area. We report findings from a population‐based case–control study involving 951 incident HNSCC cases and 1193 controls, frequency matched on age (±3 years), sex, and town/neighborhood of residence. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between occupational exposure to each type of dust and HNSCC, overall and by primary tumor site. After adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and HPV16 serology, laryngeal carcinoma risk increased for each decade of occupational exposure to sawdust (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3) and metal dust (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4); and HNSCC risk increased for each decade of occupational leather dust exposure (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9). We have provided evidence for an association between occupational sawdust and metal dust and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and leather dust and HNSCC, with increasing risk with longer duration at the exposed occupation.
How a research conference created new learning: a case study

Purpose – The study presents preliminary findings from research begun at the 2005 Academy of Human Resource Development International Research Conference held in Estes Park, CO, USA. The qualitative case study captures what new learning occurred as a result of the conference and how the new learning at the conference occurred.Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative case study used conceptual foundations grounded within critical theory and focused on learning organizations, communities of practice (CoP), and knowledge generation.Findings – Participant reactions documented on approximately 1,000 data forms were categorized for this preliminary study as critical perspectives on HRD where typically underrepresented voices critiqued the conference, CoP as relationships between theory and practice where participants reported that theory to practice was a rich research topic, and learning organizations where results indicated that the academy benefits through conferences in terms of creating a learning org.
Formal Analysis of Passive Measurement Inference Techniques

Verifying the accuracy of a passive measurementsbased inference technique under all possible network scenarios is a difficult challenge the measurement point has limited observability of events along the path, and monitored paths can exhibit a wide range of network properties (packet loss, reordering, end-end delay, route changes). In this paper, we propose and apply formal verification techniques to exhaustively verify the correctness of an inference technique. We apply this approach to the problem of inferring packet retransmissions and reorderings from passively observed packets at a single measurement point. We define classification rules for this inference problem and, through a combination of model-checking and formal reasoning, uncover all possible events in the network for which the rules produce incorrect inferences. Our work is novel in its use of formal verification tools for evaluating inference techniques in network measurements.
Carbon nanotube interconnects: implications for performance, power dissipation and thermal management

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of carbon nanotube bundle interconnects from all aspects critical to VLSI circuits - performance, power dissipation and reliability - while taking into account practical limitations of the technology. A novel delay model for CNT bundle interconnects has been developed, using which it is shown that CNT bundles can significantly improve the performance of long global interconnects with minimal additional power dissipation (for maximum metallic CNT density). While it is well known that CNT bundle interconnects can carry much higher current densities than copper, their impact on back-end thermal management and interconnect temperature rise is presented here for the first time. It is shown that the use of CNT bundle vias integrated with copper interconnects can improve copper interconnect lifetime by two orders of magnitude and also reduce optimal global interconnect delay by as much as 30%
Punctuated data streams

As most current query processing architectures are already pipelined, it seems logical to apply them to data streams. However, two classes of query operators are impractical for processing long or unbounded data streams. Unbounded stateful operators maintain state with no upper bound on its size, and so eventually run out of memory. Blocking operators read the entire input before emitting a single output, and so might never produce a result. We believe that a priori semantic knowledge of a data stream can permit the use of such operators in some cases. We explore a kind of stream semantics called punctuated streams. Punctuations in a stream mark the end of substreams, allowing us to view a non-terminating stream as a mixture of terminating streams. We introduce three kinds of invariants to specify the proper behavior of query operators in the presence of punctuation. Pass invariants unblock blocking operators by defining when such an operator can pass results on. Keep invariants define what must be kept in local state to continue successful operation. Propagation invariants define when an operator can pass punctuation on. We then present a strategy for proving that implementations of these invariants are faithful to their finite table counterparts. In practice, it is important to answer the following question: “How much additional overhead is required when using punctuations? ” We use the scenario of a monitoring system for an online auction. Streams of bids, new items, and new users are sent to an online auction system. There are many interesting queries that can be posed over these auction streams. We define queries for this scenario, and execute them with different kinds and amounts of punctuations embedded in the input streams. We show that, for a reasonable ratio of punctuations to data items, the overhead is minimal. Additionally, we compare the behavior of a query using punctuations with the behavior of the same query using slack over data streams with disorder. Clearly, not all punctuations are useful to a particular query, and it would be useful to make a determination of when they are. That is, we would like to answer the question “Can stream query Q benefit from a particular set of punctuations? ” To that end, we first define punctuation schemes to specify the collection of punctuations that will be presented to a query on a particular data stream. We show how both punctuations and query operators induce groupings over the items in the domain of the input(s). We show that a query benefits from an input punctuation scheme (in terms of being able to produce a given output scheme), if each set in the groupings induced by the operators of the query is covered by a finite number of punctuations in the scheme—a kind of compactness. We conclude with discussion on possible future directions of research related to punctuations and data streams. These directions focus on a variety of questions, ranging from issues in query optimization to other possible semantics that can be expressed using punctuations.