Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial charge configuration regulates nanoparticle transport and binding behavior in vivo.

Detailed Charge arrangements: A new set of zwitterionic quantum dots were synthesized and used to study the influence of microscopic charge arrangements on the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles. Experiments using cultured cells and live mice demonstrate that the microscopic arrangement of surface charges strongly influence nonspecific binding, clearance behavior, and in vivo transport of nanoparticles.
Grapheme-level Awareness in Word Embeddings for Morphologically Rich Languages

Learning word vectors from character level is an effective method to improve word embeddings for morphologically rich languages. However, most of these techniques have been applied to languages that are inﬂectional and written in Roman alphabets. In this paper, we investigate languages that are agglutinative and represented by non-alphabetic scripts, choosing Korean as a case study. We present a grapheme-level coding procedure for neural word embedding that utilizes word-internal features that are composed of syllable characters (Character CNN). Observing that our grapheme-level model is more capable of representing functional and semantic similarities, grouping allomorphs, and disambiguating homographs than syllable-level and word-level models, we recognize the importance of knowledge on the morphological typology and diversity of writing systems.
Restless sleep disorder in children: a pilot study on a tentative new diagnostic category

Study Objectives A group of children with "restless sleep" who do not fit the criteria for any other sleep disorder but with daytime impairment are studied to identify restless sleep disorder (RSD) clinically and polysomnographically and to differentiate it from other sleep disorders of childhood. Methods A pilot study of 15 school-aged children with restless sleep and 15 sex- and age-matched children with restless leg syndrome (RLS) and 37 normal controls were included. Data obtained included nocturnal and diurnal parental concerns, iron and ferritin levels and polysomnography (PSG). Results Fifteen children with RLS (12 males; three females), with a mean age of 11.9 (SD 3.52), 15 participants with RSD (11 males, four females) with a mean age of 9.5 (SD 3.18), the control participants were 30 males and seven females; mean age was 10.6 with a SD of 3.8. Age and sex did not differ between groups. Parental concerns in RSD included frequent nocturnal large body movements involving limbs, head and trunk, and restless sleep and perception of sleep disruption without nocturnal awakening. Daytime impairment included daytime sleepiness. All children with RSD had low ferritin levels (mean 20, SD 8.87). PSG data showed decreased sleep efficiency similar to RLS group but not prolonged sleep latency. Conclusion We have characterized clinically and polysomnographically children with RSD and attempted a new diagnostic category. We also have identified an association between RDS and iron deficiency. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the natural progression of restless sleepers.
Evaluation of Machine Translation Performance Across Multiple Genres and Languages

In this paper, we present evaluation corpora covering four genres for four language pairs that we harvested from the web in an automated fashion. We use these multi-genre benchmarks to evaluate the impact of genre differences on machine translation (MT). We observe that BLEU score differences between genres can be large and that, for all genres and all language pairs, translation quality improves when using four genre-optimized systems rather than a single genre-agnostic system. Finally, we train and use genre classifiers to route test documents to the most appropriate genre systems. The results of these experiments show that our multi-genre benchmarks can serve to advance research on text genre adaptation for MT.
OpenSubtitles2018: Statistical Rescoring of Sentence Alignments in Large, Noisy Parallel Corpora

Movie and TV subtitles are a highly valuable resource for the compilation of parallel corpora thanks to their availability in large numbers and across many languages. However, the quality of the resulting sentence alignments is often lower than for other parallel corpora. This paper presents a new major release of the OpenSubtitles collection of parallel corpora, which is extracted from a total of 3.7 million subtitles spread over 60 languages. In addition to a substantial increase in the corpus size (about 30 % compared to the previous version), this new release associates explicit quality scores to each sentence alignment. These scores are determined by a feedforward neural network based on simple language-independent features and estimated on a sample of aligned sentence pairs. Evaluation results show that the model is able predict lexical translation probabilities with a root mean square error of 0.07 (coefﬁcient of determination R 2 = 0.47). Based on the scores produced by this regression model, the parallel corpora can be ﬁltered to prune out low-quality alignments.
PIMT/NCOA6IP Deletion in the Mouse Heart Causes Delayed Cardiomyopathy Attributable to Perturbation in Energy Metabolism

PIMT/NCOA6IP, a transcriptional coactivator PRIP/NCOA6 binding protein, enhances nuclear receptor transcriptional activity. Germline disruption of PIMT results in early embryonic lethality due to impairment of development around blastocyst and uterine implantation stages. We now generated mice with Cre-mediated cardiac-specific deletion of PIMT (csPIMT−/−) in adult mice. These mice manifest enlargement of heart, with nearly 100% mortality by 7.5 months of age due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Significant reductions in the expression of genes (i) pertaining to mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV; (ii) calcium cycling cardiac muscle contraction (Atp2a1, Atp2a2, Ryr2); and (iii) nuclear receptor PPAR- regulated genes involved in glucose and fatty acid energy metabolism were found in csPIMT−/− mouse heart. Elevated levels of Nppa and Nppb mRNAs were noted in csPIMT−/− heart indicative of myocardial damage. These hearts revealed increased reparative fibrosis associated with enhanced expression of Tgfβ2 and Ctgf. Furthermore, cardiac-specific deletion of PIMT in adult mice, using tamoxifen-inducible Cre-approach (TmcsPIMT−/−), results in the development of cardiomyopathy. Thus, cumulative evidence suggests that PIMT functions in cardiac energy metabolism by interacting with nuclear receptor coactivators and this property could be useful in the management of heart failure.
User detection in real-time panoramic view through image synchronization using multiple camera in cloud

Nowadays to manage a big collection of image data is becoming a major issue for companies as well as for smart phone device. After panoramic view in camera, elongated fields of view technology and algorithms has been fully utilizes in industrial area, commercial systems, painting and mobile devices such as smart phones and portable computers. But still majority of panoramic view is only implemented to capture wide angle scenery or a three-dimensional model. In this paper a cloud computing service and its application for data synchronization with multiple cameras has been presented. This service has been implemented using image extracted data transferring without multiple devices for synchronization. For image data analysis, a dedicated application is developed with single capture device and each data will be sent to server for image processing computation. The goal of this research is to provide a better image data synchronization which perform a faster real-time panoramic view and analyze human tracking information precisely. In this system multiple cameras were used with image data synchronization to get panoramic view and performing human detection from each panoramic view frames. The system is setup with multiple camera connected with few computer where each of them sending image direct to cloud server and one of machine will be retrieving all image contents directly from cloud server for information mapping, image stitching and computation part. For better performance different cloud server has been used to analyze data transferring size, speed, computation time with different features tracking method. Finally this paper concludes with a system which can be specially use in wide are view for multiple capture devices. This system can be used in various systems which can help in vehicle safety system as well as wide are human detection.
Testing the phylogenetic utility of Mcm7 in the Ascomycota

The Ascomycota are a group of filamentous fungi that occur as saprobes, pathogens, and symbionts. They are of immense industrial, medical, ecological, and economical importance. The search for new markers appropriate for molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ascomycota remains a challenging problem. In this study, we explore the phylogenetic utility of a single copy protein-coding gene, MCM7; newly recognized as useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships among the major classes of the Ascomycota. Our specific goals were to: 1) test the phylogenetic utility of MCM7 for estimating phylogenies at various taxonomic ranks (class and below) with an emphasis on non-lichenized ascomycetes; and, 2) compare the congruence, robustness and resolving power of MCM7-based phylogenies with that of nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU)-based phylogenies for the same taxon set. A dataset of sequence data for MCM7 as well as LSU was assembled for 80 species belonging to 63 genera of lichenized and non-lichenized ascomycetes in the classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. We obtained 93 new sequences of which 65 are MCM7 and 28 are LSU. MaximumLikelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed using single as well as combined gene datasets and partitions. We also assessed substitution saturation for the MCM7 gene. Results indicate that MCM7 can be used successfully for determining phylogenetic relationships of ascomycetes and provided good resolution and support at half the cost compared to LSU. Phylogenetic informativeness profiles showed that MCM7 was more phylogenetically informative than LSU. The MCM7 gene is also a valuable phylogenetic marker for both lower as well as higher level phylogenetic analyses within the Ascomycota, especially when used in
Food Starch Structure Impacts Gut Microbiome Composition

Dietary starch is a major component in the human diet. A proportion of the starch in our diet escapes digestion in the small intestine and is fermented in the colon. In this study, we use a model of the colon, seeded with porcine feces, in which we investigate the fermentation of a variety of starches with structures typical of those found in foods. We show that the microbial community changes over time in our model colon are highly dependent on the structure of the substrate and how accessible the starch is to colonic microbes. These findings have important implications for how we classify starches reaching the colon and for the design of foods with improved nutritional properties. ABSTRACT Starch is a major source of energy in the human diet and is consumed in diverse forms. Resistant starch (RS) escapes small intestinal digestion and is fermented in the colon by the resident microbiota, with beneficial impacts on colonic function and host health, but the impacts of the micro- and nanoscale structure of different physical forms of food starch on the broader microbial community have not been described previously. Here, we use a porcine in vitro fermentation model to establish that starch structure dramatically impacts microbiome composition, including the key amylolytic species, and markedly alters both digestion kinetics and fermentation outcomes. We show that three characteristic food forms of starch that survive digestion in the small intestine each give rise to substantial and distinct changes in the microbiome and in fermentation products. Our results highlight the complexity of starch fermentation processes and indicate that not all forms of RS in foods are degraded or fermented in the same way. This work points the way for the design of RS with tailored degradation by defined microbial communities, informed by an understanding of how substrate structure influences the gut microbiome, to improve nutritive value and/or health benefits. IMPORTANCE Dietary starch is a major component in the human diet. A proportion of the starch in our diet escapes digestion in the small intestine and is fermented in the colon. In this study, we use a model of the colon, seeded with porcine feces, in which we investigate the fermentation of a variety of starches with structures typical of those found in foods. We show that the microbial community changes over time in our model colon are highly dependent on the structure of the substrate and how accessible the starch is to colonic microbes. These findings have important implications for how we classify starches reaching the colon and for the design of foods with improved nutritional properties.
Expression of histone deacetylases 1 in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its prognostic significance

The expression pattern, clinical significance and prognostic value of the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) were investigated in a cohort (n=89) of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP), through immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis in this study. High HDAC1 expression was detected in 88.89% (80/89) cases and was observed more frequently in non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) type compared with GCB type but without statistical significance (95.65% versus 83.72%, P=0.083). In addition, we found that high HDAC1 expression was significantly related to high National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (P=0.024). For cases of low HDAC1 expression, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 100%, which was significantly higher than cases of high HDAC1 expression (36.2%, P=0.002). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) for low and high HDAC1 expression group was 77.8% and 31.3%, respectively, with statistical significance (P=0.021). Our findings supported the strategy of targeting HDAC1 in DLBCL patients, and moreover, proved the prognostic value of HDAC1 in DLBCL treatment.
Copper release rate needed to inhibit fouling on the west coast of Sweden and control of copper release using zinc oxide

Abstract How zinc oxide influences copper release has been tested and the lowest release rate of copper from various combinations of copper and zinc in a paint matrix evaluated, whilst still deterring macrofouling, including barnacles and bryozoans. Copper (I) oxide was added to a generic AF paint in 0, 8.5, 11.7 or 16.3 wt% copper oxide in combination with 0, 10 or 20 wt% zinc oxide and applied on PMMA panels. The results show that zinc influences the release rate of copper. When 10 and 20 wt% zinc was added, the total amount of copper released significantly increased by on average 32 and 47% respectively. All treatments that included copper were successful in deterring macrofouling, including the treatment with the lowest average Cu release rate, ie 4.68 μg cm−2 day−1.
Psychometric properties of the movement-specific reinvestment scale for Chinese children

The propensity for movement-specific reinvestment (conscious attention to and control of body movements) is associated with disrupted movement in a variety of circumstances. Movement-specific reinvestment has been shown in adults but not in children, as a validated psychometric instrument for children does not exist. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a movement-specific reinvestment scale adapted specifically for Chinese children (MSRS-CC). Five hundred and thirty-two Chinese pre-adolescents aged 7–12 yrs completed the MSRS-CC and a sub-sample completed the questionnaire again three weeks later. Another sub-sample also completed the Coordination and Health subscales of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (short form; PSDQ-S). All questionnaires were completed during normal school days. A random half of sub-sample two completed the MSRS-CC before the PSDQ-S and the other half completed the questionnaires in reverse order. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated sound internal validity for the Scale's two-factor model. Acceptable internal reliability and satisfactory test–retest reliability were evident. Convergent and discriminant validity with the Coordination and Health subscales of the PSDQ-S was also tested, but the former was unexpectedly low. Future research using objective measures of motor proficiency was recommended. The MSRS-CC is potentially a valuable tool for understanding movement control by children in research as well as in clinical and educational settings.
The watershed and skeletonization of angiography

The Ordered Region Growing (ORG) algorithm has been proposed as a method for delineation of vessel paths from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). In this paper we demonstrate that the ORG algorithm is a fundamental method for ridge detection that is analogous to watershed segmentation. First, we characterize the segmentation boundaries produced by the watershed as optimal paths. Watershed lines between two points satisfy the criteria that the minimum intensity of the line is maximal out of all possible connected paths between the two points. This is referred to as the greatest-minima criteria. This criteria is guaranteed to provide a unique solution when points in the image are unique-valued. We observe that detection of watershed boundaries from the 2D gradient magnitude image is a similar problem to detection of line-like objects in 3D images, including small vessels in 3D angiography. The ORG algorithm generates an acyclic graph that represents unique paths between any two given points in an image. We prove that paths within the acyclic graph generated by the ORG algorithm conform to the greatest-minima criteria and are thus fundamentally analogous to watershed segmentation boundaries.
Improving the Gaussian Mechanism for Differential Privacy: Analytical Calibration and Optimal Denoising

The Gaussian mechanism is an essential building block used in multitude of differentially private data analysis algorithms. In this paper we revisit the Gaussian mechanism and show that the original analysis has several important limitations. Our analysis reveals that the variance formula for the original mechanism is far from tight in the high privacy regime ($\varepsilon \to 0$) and it cannot be extended to the low privacy regime ($\varepsilon \to \infty$). We address these limitations by developing an optimal Gaussian mechanism whose variance is calibrated directly using the Gaussian cumulative density function instead of a tail bound approximation. We also propose to equip the Gaussian mechanism with a post-processing step based on adaptive estimation techniques by leveraging that the distribution of the perturbation is known. Our experiments show that analytical calibration removes at least a third of the variance of the noise compared to the classical Gaussian mechanism, and that denoising dramatically improves the accuracy of the Gaussian mechanism in the high-dimensional regime.
Temporal Downscaling of Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux Measurements Based on Time‐Stable Spatial Patterns

Soil CO2 efflux at a field site is often computed as the average of successive chamber measurements at several points to overcome the effects of spatial variability and microclimatic disturbances. As a consequence, the resulting data set has a coarser resolution in space (one average per site) and time than the raw data set. The deviations between raw measurements and the field average may provide additional insights, however, if they can be decomposed into a time‐stable part, characterizing the spatial pattern of emission strengths, and a dynamic part, characterizing rapid changes in soil CO2 efflux. We evaluated data from several measurement campaigns in an agricultural landscape. First, we determined the persistence of spatial CO2 efflux patterns and found that ≥50% of spatial variance was stable for at least 1 d in all examined crop and field types. For fields where vegetation and gradients in soil properties determined the spatial variation in CO2 efflux, some correlation was still found after 10 d. In a next step, we removed the time‐stable patterns from the raw time series. The resulting estimate of instantaneous area‐average soil respiration closely resembled the conventional spatiotemporal field average on days without rapid changes in meteorologic conditions. On days with fluctuations of radiation and temperature, in contrast, soil respiration reacted on a time scale from instantaneous to about 1 h. Based on a discussion of potential mechanisms underlying these reactions for a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) stand, we suggest that the proposed downscaling methodology, in combination with existing decomposition techniques, may help to examine the short‐term dependence of heterotrophic and root respiration on radiation, temperature, and rain.
Automatic two-step detection of pulmonary nodules

We present a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to detect small-size (from 2mm to around 10mm) pulmonary nodules from helical CT scans. A pulmonary nodule is a small, round (parenchymal nodule) or worm (juxta-pleural) shaped lesion in the lungs. Both have greater radio density than lungs parenchyma. Lung nodules may indicate a lung cancer and its detection in early stage improves survival rate of patients. CT is considered to be the most accurate imaging modality for detection of nodules. However, the large amount of data per examination makes the interpretation difficult. This leads to omission of nodules by human radiologist. CAD system presented is designed to help lower the number of omissions. Our system uses two different schemes to locate juxtapleural nodules and parenchymal nodules. For juxtapleural nodules, morphological closing and thresholding is used to find nodule candidates. To locate non-pleural nodule candidates, 3D blob detector uses multiscale filtration. Ellipsoid model is fitted on nodules. To define which of the nodule candidates are in fact nodules, an additional classification step is applied. Linear and multi-threshold classifiers are used. System was tested on 18 cases (4853 slices) with total sensitivity of 96%, with about 12 false positives/slice. The classification step reduces number of false positives to 9 per slice without significantly decreasing sensitivity (89,6%).
Text Simplification from Professionally Produced Corpora

The lack of large and reliable datasets has been hindering progress in Text Simpliﬁcation (TS). We investigate the application of the recently created Newsela corpus, the largest collection of professionally written simpliﬁcations available, in TS tasks. Using new alignment algorithms, we extract 550 , 644 complex-simple sentence pairs from the corpus. This data is explored in different ways: (i) we show that traditional readability metrics capture surprisingly well the different complexity levels in this corpus, (ii) we build machine learning models to classify sentences into complex vs. simple and to predict complexity levels that outperform their respective baselines, (iii) we introduce a lexical simpliﬁer that uses the corpus to generate candidate simpliﬁcations and outperforms the state of the art approaches, and (iv) we show that the corpus can be used to learn sentence simpliﬁcation patterns in more effective ways than corpora used in previous work.