Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUTRITION OF RUMINANTS GRAZING LUCERNE

The agronomic advantages of lucerne feature on the well-drained pumice soils of the Central Plateau in the North Island, and the stony alluvial soils of Canterbury (Stewart, 1967). The excellent match between the growth pattern of lucerne and the requirements of spring calving dairy cows has resulted in major increases in milk output in the Rotorua-Taupo district (Mace and Peterson, 1979). There, farmers increased the area of lucerne from 14 to 530Jo of their properties, concomitant with an intensive MAF advisory scheme. With sheep systems, at least in the North Island, farming predominantly on lucerne is not popular, even though farmlet studies show the problems of poor winter growth, persistence and delayed spring feed supply can be successfully accommodated by including grasses (Vartha and Fraser, 1978; Fraser and Vartha, 1980; Mace, Paper 12). Where the crop has no major agronomic advantage the proportion of lucerne on a farm should only be about 15% (Jagusch et al., 1980). The use of lucerne for growing out cattle has also similar limitations as above (Croy and Weeda, 1975), together with the competitive interests of other classes of stock, conservation, and the possibility of bloat (A.M. Nicol and T.F. Reardon, pers. comm.). The complimentarity of lucerne's nutrient profile (protein, amino-acids, minerals, vitamins) to that of grain was noted by Coop (1967) and has been tested successfully with early and late weaned lambs in New Zealand (Jagusch and Bell, 1979); however, feedlot finishing is unlikely to contribute significantly to our animal agriculture (Jagusch and Mclvor, 1974). Experience with "all lucerne" farms shows reduced life of stands through over-grazing in winter and set stocking in spring (Topp, 1965). More ideal grazing management could require lucerne be spelled over late winter-early spring (Janson, 1974) and otherwise rotationally grazed after 35-40 day rest periods (lverson, 1965). The grazing period and the consequent number of paddocks required has raised certain contention. O'Connor
Automatic processing in spider phobia: implicit fear associations over the course of treatment.

This study evaluates the cognitive model of anxiety by investigating treatment-related changes in automatic associations to evaluate schematic processing. Spider-phobic participants (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 30) completed fear-based Implicit Association Tests (IATs), which are reaction-time measures that tap implicit associations without requiring conscious introspection. The specific tasks involved classifying pictures of snakes and spiders along with semantic categorizations (good vs.bad, afraid vs. unafraid, danger vs. safety, and disgusting vs. appealing). Phobic individuals were assessed before and after group-based exposure treatment and 2 months later, controls were assessed at matched time points. Results supported clinical applications for implicit fear associations, including prediction of phobic avoidance, and treatment sensitivity of the fear- and disgust-specific automatic associations.
The Role of the Home Environment in Dementia Care and Support: Systematic review of Qualitative Research

Background The domestic home is the preferred site for care provision for people with dementia and their families, therefore creating a dementia and caring friendly home environment is crucial. This systematic review synthesised qualitative studies to explore the role of the home environment and identify potential barriers and facilitators in home dementia care and support to inform future practice and research. Methods A systematic search in 12 databases identified international qualitative literature on perceptions and experiences of community-dwelling people with dementia, family and formal carers regarding the role of the home environment and ways to tackle daily challenges. Results Forty qualitative studies were included and analysed using thematic synthesis. The main three themes were: ‘home as a paradox’, ‘there is no magic formula’ and ‘adapting the physical space, objects and behaviour’. Findings indicate that home is an important setting and is likely to change significantly responding to the changing nature of dementia. Themes were later validated by family carers of people with dementia. Conclusions The home environment is an important setting for care and needs to remain flexible to accommodate changes and challenges. Family carers and people with dementia implement and often improvise, various environmental strategies. Continuous and tailor-made support at home is required.
Implant wear induced inflammation is mitigated in CX3CR1−/− mice

Wear debris‐induced monocyte recruitment plays a key role in the formation of chronic periprosthetic tissue inflammation associated with aseptic loosening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role(s) of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particle‐induced tissue inflammation using a murine air pouch model developed in CX3CR1 knockout (CX3CR1−/−) mice. UHMWPE debris or saline were introduced into established air pouches on CX3CR1−/− and CX3CR1+/+ mice. Pouch tissues were collected 7 days after UHMWPE inoculation. Results showed that UHMWPE stimulation induced strong pouch tissue inflammation in CX3CR1+/+ mice, as manifested by inflammatory cellular infiltration (mainly macrophages), pouch tissue proliferation, and increased gene expression of IL‐1ß and TNFα. UHMWPE‐induced inflammation was significantly mitigated in CX3CR1−/− mice, as manifested by reduction of tissue inflammation (pouch thickness and cell density), inflammatory cytokine production (IL‐1ß and TNFα) and macrophage accumulation. The observations support the hypothesis that the activation of the CX3CR1 chemokine pathway contributes to the severity of UHMWPE particle‐induced tissue inflammation, and suggests that CX3CR1 signaling is involved in the recruitment of monocytes to the wear debris‐containing inflammatory tissues. Blocking of CX3CR1 pathway may represent a viable therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of patients with aseptic loosening. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1037–1043, 2014.
Alterations in Localized Electrical Impedance Myography of Biceps Brachii Muscles Paralyzed by Spinal Cord Injury

This study assessed electrical impedance myography (EIM) changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) with a localized multifrequency technology. The EIM measurement was performed on the biceps brachii muscle at rest condition of 17 cervical SCI subjects, and 23 neurologically intact subjects as control group. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in muscle reactance (X) and phase angle (θ) at selected frequencies (i.e., 50 and 100 kHz) in SCI compared to control. There was no significant difference in muscle resistance (R) between the two groups. The anisotropy examination revealed that SCI group had a decreased anisotropy ratio in resistance. In addition, the multifrequency spectrum analysis showed a decreased slope of the log(freq)-resistance regression in SCI group when compared to healthy control. Findings of the EIM changes are related to inherit muscle changes after the injury. Since EIM requires no patient effort and is quick and convenient to conduct, it may provide a useful tool for examination of paralyzed muscle changes after SCI.
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from a Phase IV Clinical Trial for Linezolid versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia

ABSTRACT A total of 434 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) baseline isolates were collected from subjects enrolled in a prospective, double-blind randomized trial comparing linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Isolates were susceptibility tested by broth microdilution, examined for inducible clindamycin resistance by D-test, and screened for heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) by the Etest macromethod. All strains were subjected to Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) screening, and SCCmec, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and spa typing. Selected strains were evaluated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned based on the spa and/or MLST results. Most strains were CC5 (56.0%), which originated from North America (United States) (CC5-MRSA-SCCmec II/IV; 70.0%), Asia (CC5-MRSA-II; 14.0%) and Latin America (CC5-MRSA-I/II; 12.3%). The second- and third-most-prevalent clones were CC8-MRSA-IV (23.3%) and CC239-MRSA-III (11.3%), respectively. Furthermore, the CC5-MRSA-I/II clone predominated in Asia (50.7% within this region) and Latin America (66.7%), followed by CC239-MRSA-III (32.8% and 28.9%, respectively). The European strains were CC8-MRSA-IV (34.5%), CC22-MRSA-IV (18.2%), or CC5-MRSA-I/II/IV (16.4%), while the U.S. MRSA isolates were CC5-MRSA-II/IV (64.4%) or CC8-MRSA-IV (28.8%). Among the U.S. CC8-MRSA-II/IV strains, 73.7% (56/76 [21.2% of all U.S. MRSA strains]) clustered within USA300. One strain from the United States (USA800) was intermediate to vancomycin (MIC, 4 μg/ml). All remaining strains were susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. hVISA strains (14.5%) were predominantly CC5-MRSA-II, from South Korea, and belonged to a single PFGE type. Overall, each region had two predominant clones. The USA300 rate corroborates previous reports describing increased prevalence of USA300 strains causing invasive infections. The prevalence of hVISA was elevated in Asia, and these strains were associated with CC5.
Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora crassa: Clock Mutant Effects in the Absence of a frq-Based Oscillator

In Neurospora, the circadian rhythm is expressed as rhythmic conidiation driven by a feedback loop involving the protein products of frq (frequency), wc-1 (white collar-1), and wc-2, known as the frq/wc (FWC) oscillator. Although strains carrying null mutations such as frq10 or wc-2Δ lack a functional FWC oscillator and do not show a rhythm under most conditions, a rhythm can be observed in them by the addition of geraniol or farnesol to the media. Employing this altered media as an assay, the effect of other clock mutations in a frq10- or wc-2Δ-null background can be measured. It was found that the existing clock mutations fall into three classes: (1) those, such as prd-3 or prd-4 or frq1, that showed no effect in a clock null background; (2) those, such as prd-1 or prd-2 or prd-6, that did have a measurable effect in the frq10 background; and (3) those, such as the new mutation ult, that suppressed the frq10 or wc-2Δ effect, i.e., geraniol/farnesol was not required for a visible rhythm. This classification suggests that some of the known clock mutations are part of a broader multioscillator system.
Free energy simulations: The meaning of the individual contributions from a component analysis

A theoretical analysis is made of the decomposition into contributions from individual interactions of the free energy calculated by thermodynamic integration. It is demonstrated that such a decomposition, often referred to as “component analysis,” is meaningful, even though it is a function of the integration path. Moreover, it is shown that the path dependence can be used to determine the relation of the contribution of a given interaction to the state of the system.
Cytotoxic Potential of Proinflammatory Cytokines: Combined Deletion of TNF Receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 Prevents Motoneuron Cell Death after Facial Axotomy in Adult Mouse

Neural injury is known to trigger inflammatory changes, including the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1-beta (IL1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) [G. Raivich, L. L. Jones, C. U. A. Kloss, A. Werner, H. Neumann, and G. W. Kreutzberg, 1998, J Neurosci, 18: 5804-5816] that may play a pivotal role in mediating the cellular response in the affected brain tissue. Here we examined the effects of transgenic deletion of receptors for these cytokines on neuronal cell loss in the adult mouse facial motor nucleus after a peripheral, facial nerve cut. Homozygous deletion of IL1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), TNF receptor 1 or 2 (TNFR1 or TNFR2), or IFNgamma receptor 1 (IFNgammaR1) alone had no effect but combined deletion of TNFR1 and TNFR2 caused a striking absence of alphaX beta2 integrin/IBA1-double-labeled, phagocytic microglial nodules in the axotomized facial motor nucleus 14 days after nerve cut. Moreover, this combined deletion also led to an almost complete prevention of cell loss by Day 29. Additional neuronal cell counts at Day 60 revealed a second phase of motoneuron cell disappearance, which did not depend on the presence of TNF receptors. However, there was still the same 22% difference in the total number of motoneurons between the wild-type and TNFR1 & 2-deficient mice, underlining the role of TNF ligands and both TNF receptors in mediating the early phase of neuronal cell loss after traumatic injury.
A Comprehensive Review of Operation and Control, Maintenance and Lifespan Management, Grid Planning and Design, and Metering in Smart Grids

New technological advances based on software, hardware and new materials must be implemented in smart grids. In addition, these advanced electrical grids must incorporate elements of artificial intelligence. Advances in software development must be complemented with the development of new hardware (power electronics and active distribution among others). The aforementioned must rely on the development of new materials and sensors, which should be integrated into the smart grid. Therefore, the four areas of research based on the technologies are: Operation and Control, Maintenance and Lifespan Management, Grid Planning and Design, and Metering. The review presents the algorithms, materials, devices and others paradigms applied to smart grids, classifying the works according to the four areas of research. This review has focused on the four fundamental pillars of smart grids, on the one hand, the need for more efficient operation and control, followed by advanced maintenance management, to continue planning and designing the new grids, and for conclude with the advanced measurement. As you will see in the article, new devices, new techniques, and future scenarios will make possible the transition from the current grid to the future smart grid.
When is development disordered? Developmental psychopathology and the harmful dysfunction analysis of mental disorder

One goal of developmental psychopathology is to understand the origins and course of mental disorders. I argue that pursuit of this goal requires a valid conceptual understanding of disorder and that this understanding can be provided by the “harmful dysfunction” analysis of the concept of disorder. The harmful dysfunction analysis holds that a disorder is a condition that is both harmful according to social values and caused by an internal dysfunction, that is, by a failure of an internal mechanism to perform a function for which it was naturally selected. This analysis explains why many of the distinctive features of developmental psychopathology are appropriate to the study of disorder. It is argued that the harmful dysfunction analysis is a necessary supplement to other proposed criteria for disorder, such as developmental deviation or predictive validity.
Combining Multiple ERP Components for Detecting Targets in Remote-Sensing Images

Object detection using single-trial event-related potential (ERP) components has been a new way to solve the problems of complexity background and small targets in remote-sensing images target detection. A variety of ERP components is reflected in the different stages of the visual information processing, the combination of ERP features corresponding to each stage were used to get better classi-fication results in previous studies. In this paper, we designed a new method to detect the small targets in remote-sensing images shown by a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) protocol through fusing multiple ERPs from single trails, and the mean AUC of all participants is higher than 92%.
Development of a 17-plex microsatellite polymerase chain reaction kit for genotyping horses.

AIM To describe the development and performance of the new horse genotyping kit. METHODS Highly discriminatory 17-Plex horse genotyping kit was designed by adding the fifth dye to the StockMarks kit for genotyping horses and taking advantage of the new instrument platforms. This was accomplished by using a new set of five fluorescent dyes developed by Applied Biosystems (DS-31), with four of the dyes used to label the forward amplification primers (6-FAM, VIC, NED, and PET) in each primer set. RESULTS The new equine kit contained five extra loci (ASB17, LEX3, HMS1, CA425, and ASB23) in addition to the 12 original loci (VHL20, HTG4, AHT4, HMS7, HTG6, HMS6, HTG7, HMS3, AHT5, ASB2, HTG10, and HMS2) recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. The kit performed well on different instrument platforms (ABI PRISM 377, 310, and 3100 instruments) and across wide ranges of DNA template concentrations (1-10 ng). These 17 loci were combined and amplified in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle, which dramatically improved the power of statistical tests for pedigree analysis while reducing the time and work required to perform such tests. An in-lane size standard labeled with the fifth dye (LIZ) provided accurate size determination for genotyping. CONCLUSION The new 17-Plex horse kit, designed to improve the laboratory efficiency by genotyping more markers in a shorter time, has 17 primer sets labeled with new fluorescent dyes, which can be amplified in one PCR cycle and genotyped in one run on a high-throughput instruments.
Automated Classification of Discrete Human Thoughts Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Comparison between Voxel-Based and Atlas-Based Feature Selection Methods

It has been reported that human thoughts processes of sensory-motor functions as well as high level of cognitive processes may be highly reproducible between multiple trials as measured via functional MRI data. This trend of the reproducibility seems consistent between multiple subjects as well. We have also presented in our earlier study that six distinct thought processes were shown highly consistent spatial patterns of activations as evaluated from automated classification performance. In the present study, this automated classification performance was compared depending on the feature vector selection methods. A general linear model (GLM) was adopted to define a neuronal activity and voxel-based or atlas-based approaches were adopted as feature vector selection methods. The classification results showed superior performance from the voxel-based feature selection method than the atlas-based method. Nonetheless, when multiple atlases were used to defined feature vector elements, the resulting performance was comparable to that of the voxel-based method with greatly reduced computational time.
Reconstruction and validation of three different binary vectors suitable for generation of genetically engineered Helicoverpa protected crops

Availability of a suitable plant transformation binary vector is necessary for the generation of transgenic crops with an adequate expression of transgenic proteins. Therefore, three binary vectors were constructed viz., pBK204, pBK205, and pBK206 harboring either a truncated or a full-length version of a Cry1Ac gene for the generation of Helicoverpa protected crops. Two different promoters viz., Arabidopsis Rubisco small subunit (AtSSU) gene promoter or CaMV35S promoters were used to regulate the various versions of Cry1Ac gene. The binary vectors were reconstructed either by the Gibson assembly method and others by ligating the restriction enzyme digested fragments. The reconstructed binary vectors were mobilized into Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and validated by Agrobacterium infiltration assays of Nicotiana benthamiana. The amount of Cry1Ac protein accumulated in the Agroinfiltrated tobacco leaves was quantified using the quantitative ELISA assay. The expression of the Cry1Ac protein in the tobacco leaves ranged from 0.25 to 0.26 µg /g fresh weight (FW) when transformed with these three constructs. Thus, the vectors constructed in this study appeared to be suitable for generation of Helicoverpa resistant transgenic crops by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method.
icroRNAs miR-21 a and miR-93 are down regulated in peripheral blood ononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) from patients with type 1 diabetes

Introduction: It is well established that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. Controversial data exists regarding the differential control of the immune system in T1D patients compared to unaffected individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the control of gene expression (by negative regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level, by mediating translational repression or degradation of the mRNA targets). Their potential role in T cell activation and autoimmunity is controversial. Aim: We investigated the expression profile of miR-21a and miR-93 in PMC samples of 20 T1D patients and 20 healthy controls by means of qPCR in different glucose concentrations (basal, 11 nM and 25 mM), and we analyzed the possible relationship of this expression pattern with autoimmunity. Results: MiR-21a was significantly underexpressed in T1D samples (media values expression 0.23 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) compared to controls (values less than 1 indicate a decrease in gene expression). When the PMCs were incubated with glucose 11 mM and 25 mM, miR-21a expression decreased in controls and increased in T1D samples (0.506 ± 0.05, p < 0.04). MiR-93 was underexpressed in T1D patients (0.331 ± 0.05, p < 0.02) compared to control samples. However, when the PBMCs were incubated with glucose, no changes were observed. No association with autoimmunity was observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated that miRNAs have a differential expression in PBMCs from T1D patients compared to controls, suggesting that these miRNAs or others could be involved in T cell regulation.
O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) uptake in mouse thymoma cells, and its biodistribution in mice and human volunteers

Purpose: To evaluate O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) uptake in mouse malignant thymoma (EL4), and its biodistribution in mice and humans. Material and Methods: First, 18F-FET uptake in EL4 cells was examined in an in vitro study. Second, the kinetics of 18F-FET uptake and its biodistribution were examined in mice after subcutaneous injection of EL4 cells and complete Freund's adjuvant. Finally, the kinetics of 18F-FET uptake and its biodistribution in healthy human volunteers were examined. Results: In an in vitro study, 18F-FET was extensively incorporated in EL4 cells. In an animal study, 18F-FET accumulation in normal organs peaked within 30 min postinjection. The mean ratios of 18F-FET uptake in tumors and in inflammatory lesions to that in muscle tissue at 60 min postadministration were 2.18 (range 2.00–2.29) and 1.04 (range 0.95–1.14), respectively. In a human study, static images were taken 60 min after 18F-FET administration. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the liver (1.52, range 1.38–1.71) and kidneys (1.90, range 1.74–2.24) were nearly equal or slightly higher than that of muscle tissue (1.19, range 0.99–1.33). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that 18F-FET accumulation in thymoma is significantly higher than in normal organs. 18F-FET could be a useful tracer for tumor imaging.