Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Background Statistics in Face Adaptation

Cross-adaptation is widely used to probe whether different stimuli share common neural mechanisms. For example, that adaptation to second-order stimuli usually produces little aftereffect on first-order stimuli has been interpreted as reflecting their separate processing. However, such results appear to contradict the cue-invariant responses of many visual cells. We tested the novel hypothesis that the null aftereffect arises from the large difference in the backgrounds of first- and second-order stimuli. We created second-order faces with happy and sad facial expressions specified solely by local directions of moving random dots on a static-dot background, without any luminance-defined form cues. As expected, adaptation to such a second-order face did not produce a facial-expression aftereffect on the first-order faces. However, consistent with our hypothesis, simply adding static random dots to the first-order faces to render their backgrounds more similar to that of the adapting motion face led to a significant aftereffect. This background similarity effect also occurred between different types of first-order stimuli: real-face adaptation transferred to cartoon faces only when noise with correlation statistics of real faces or natural images was added to the cartoon faces. These findings suggest the following: (1) statistical similarities between the featureless backgrounds of the adapting and test stimuli can influence aftereffects, as in contingent adaptation; (2) weak or null cross-adaptation aftereffects should be interpreted with caution; and (3) luminance- and motion-direction-defined forms, and local features and global statistics, converge in the representation of faces.
DUST REDDENED QUASARS IN FIRST AND UKIDSS: BEYOND THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG

We present the results of a pilot survey to find dust-reddened quasars by matching the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) radio catalog to the UKIDSS near-infrared survey and using optical data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey to select objects with very red colors. The deep K-band limit provided by UKIDSS allows for finding more heavily reddened quasars at higher redshifts as compared with previous work using FIRST and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). We selected 87 candidates with K ⩽ 17.0 from the UKIDSS Large Area Survey (LAS) First Data Release (DR1), which covers 190 deg2. These candidates reach up to ∼1.5 mag below the 2MASS limit and obey the color criteria developed to identify dust-reddened quasars. We have obtained 61 spectroscopic observations in the optical and/or near-infrared, as well as classifications in the literature, and have identified 14 reddened quasars with E(B − V) > 0.1, including 3 at z > 2. We study the infrared properties of the sample using photometry from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer and find that infrared colors improve the efficiency of red quasar selection, removing many contaminants in an infrared-to-optical color-selected sample alone. The highest-redshift quasars (z ≳ 2) are only moderately reddened, with E(B − V) ∼ 0.2–0.3. We find that the surface density of red quasars rises sharply with faintness, comprising up to 17% of blue quasars at the same apparent K-band flux limit. We estimate that to reach more heavily reddened quasars (i.e., E(B − V) ≳ 0.5) at z > 2 and a depth of K = 17, we would need to survey at least ∼2.5 times more area.
Molecular and Electrophysiological Characterization of GABAergic Interneurons Expressing the Transcription Factor COUP-TFII in the Adult Human Temporal Cortex

Transcription factors contribute to the differentiation of cortical neurons, orchestrate specific interneuronal circuits, and define synaptic relationships. We have investigated neurons expressing chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII), which plays a role in the migration of GABAergic neurons. Whole-cell, patch-clamp recording in vitro combined with colocalization of molecular cell markers in the adult cortex differentiates distinct interneurons. The majority of strongly COUP-TFII-expressing neurons were in layers I–III. Most calretinin (CR) and/or cholecystokinin- (CCK) and/or reelin-positive interneurons were also COUP-TFII-positive. CR-, CCK-, or reelin-positive neurons formed 80%, 20%, or 17% of COUP-TFII-positive interneurons, respectively. About half of COUP-TFII-/CCK-positive interneurons were CR-positive, a quarter of them reelin-positive, but none expressed both. Interneurons positive for COUP-TFII fired irregular, accommodating and adapting trains of action potentials (APs) and innervated mostly small dendritic shafts and rarely spines or somata. Paired recording showed that a calretinin-/COUP-TFII-positive interneuron elicited inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in a reciprocally connected pyramidal cell. Calbindin, somatostatin, or parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons and most pyramidal cells express no immunohistochemically detectable COUP-TFII. In layers V and VI, some pyramidal cells expressed a low level of COUP-TFII in the nucleus. In conclusion, COUP-TFII is expressed in a diverse subset of GABAergic interneurons predominantly innervating small dendritic shafts originating from both interneurons and pyramidal cells.
Nonconforming Galerkin methods for the Helmholtz equation

Nonconforming Galerkin methods for a Helmholtz‐like problem arising in seismology are discussed both for standard simplicial linear elements and for several new rectangular elements related to bilinear or trilinear elements. Optimal order error estimates in a broken energy norm are derived for all elements and in L2 for some of the elements when proper quadrature rules are applied to the absorbing boundary condition. Domain decomposition iterative procedures are introduced for the nonconforming methods, and their convergence at a predictable rate is established. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 475–494, 2001
The Antioxidant Defense System Keap1-Nrf2 Comprises a Multiple Sensing Mechanism for Responding to a Wide Range of Chemical Compounds

ABSTRACT Animals have evolved defense systems for surviving in a chemically diverse environment. Such systems should demonstrate plasticity, such as adaptive immunity, enabling a response to even unknown chemicals. The antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is activated in response to various electrophiles and induces cytoprotective enzymes that detoxify them. We report here the discovery of a multiple sensing mechanism for Nrf2 activation using zebrafish and 11 Nrf2-activating compounds. First, we showed that six of the compounds tested specifically target Cys-151 in Keap1, the ubiquitin ligase for Nrf2, while two compounds target Cys-273. Second, in addition to Nrf2 and Keap1, a third factor was deemed necessary for responding to three of the compounds. Finally, we isolated a zebrafish mutant defective in its response to seven compounds but not in response to the remaining four. These results led us to categorize Nrf2 activators into six classes and hypothesize that multiple sensing allows enhanced plasticity in the system.
Threshold Logic Computing: Memristive-CMOS Circuits for Fast Fourier Transform and Vedic Multiplication

Brain-inspired circuits can provide an alternative solution to implement computing architectures taking advantage of fault tolerance and generalization ability of logic gates. In this brief, we advance over the memristive threshold circuit configuration consisting of memristive averaging circuit in combination with operational amplifier and/or CMOS inverters in application to realizing complex computing circuits. The developed memristive threshold logic gates are used for designing fast Fourier transform and multiplication circuits useful for modern microprocessors. Overall, the proposed threshold logic outperforms previous memristive-CMOS logic cells on every aspect, however, they indicate a lower chip area, lower total harmonic distortion, and controllable leakage power, but a higher power dissipation with respect to CMOS logic.
Impacts of the Recovery Movement on Treatment Adherence for Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

The recovery movement presents a shift in the treatment of severe mental illness to a more person-centered approach. The current researcher hypothesized that the more recovery-oriented a treatment was perceived to be, the more participants would have attended appointments and adhered to their psychiatric medication regimen. The variables of empowerment, recovery assessment, attitudes toward treatment, and participatory decision-making were explored in relation to their possible correlation with increased treatment adherence. An archival data set was used. Participants included 215 adults who met criteria for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The participants generally rated their treatment as high on all four of the recovery measures, and treatment nonadherence was not particularly problematic for the sample explored in the current study. Participants’ reports of increased symptom severity and reports of positive quality of life were found to be associated with higher reported levels of appointment attendance. Participants’ reports of positive attitudes toward psychiatric treatment were found to be associated with reports of better quality and frequency of medication adherence. Measuring whether treatment is recovery-oriented may not be predictive of patients’ levels of service engagement. Recommendations for future research include using additional and qualitative measures to capture the full construct of service engagement, beyond measures of treatment adherence. Additionally, recovery-oriented treatment is aimed to be individualized; therefore, studies measuring the recovery-orientation of a treatment provider should include alternative treatments used to enrich the lives of the patients.
Improving coordination via emergent communication in cooperative multiagent systems: A Genetic Network Programming approach

The design and development of strategies to coordinate the actions of multiple agents is a central research issue in the field of multiagent systems. To address this issue, in our previously reported research we proposed a novel methodology based on Genetic Network Programming (GNP) to allow agents in the pursuit domain to autonomously learn an effective coordination strategy in order to achieve group behavior. GNP is a newly developed Evolutionary Computation (EC) technique whose genome is network structure. In this paper, we extend our methodology by allowing agents in the pursuit domain to autonomously learn communication. We consider autonomous and independently learning agents, and we seek to obtain an optimal solution for the team as a whole. We design a novel methodology for the emergence of communication between agents in cooperative multiagent systems based on GNP and we seek to obtain more coordination. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in evolving communicating agents and furthermore a comparison is made between agents with and without communication in order to show that the emergent communication among agents is beneficial i.e., improves their coordination. In addition, we show the robustness of generated programs which is achieved as a side-effect of the capability of communication.
Interval type-2 fuzzy c-means clustering using intuitionistic fuzzy sets

In this paper, intuitionistic interval type-2 fuzzy c-means clustering (InIT2FCM) method is proposed for the clustering problems. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) and intuitionistic type-2 fuzzy sets (InIT2FS) were introduced with the aim to better handle the uncertainty. Utilizing the advantages of the IFS and InT2FS, we have combined them with fuzzy clustering algorithms to overcome some drawbacks of the “conventional” FCM in handling uncertainty. The experiments were completed for different types of images which show the advantages of the proposed algorithms, especially with noisy images.
PhotoSketch: a sketch based image query and compositing system

We introduce a system for progressively creating images through a simple sketching and compositing interface. A large database of over 1.5 million images is searched for matches to a user's binary outline sketch; the results of this search can be combined interactively to synthesize the desired image. We introduce image descriptors for the task of estimating the difference between images and binary outline sketches. The compositing part is based on graph cut and Poisson blending. We demonstrate that the resulting system allows generating complex images in an intuitive way.
Gold and silver nanoparticles from Trianthema decandra: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties

Background There is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles due to their wide applicability in various markets, including medicine, catalysis, electronics, chemistry, and energy. In this report, a simple and ecofriendly chemical reaction for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from Trianthema decandra (Aizoaceae) has been developed. Methods and results On treatment of aqueous solutions containing chloroauric acid or silver nitrate with root extract of T. decandra, stable gold or silver nanoparticles were rapidly formed. The kinetics of reduction of gold and silver ions during the reaction was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy showed formation of gold nanoparticles in various shapes, including spherical, cubical, triangular, and hexagonal, while silver nanoparticles were spherical. The size of the gold nanoparticles was 33–65 nm and that of the silver nanoparticles was 36–74 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metallic gold and metallic silver in the respective nanoparticles. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The results show varied susceptibility of microorganisms to the gold and silver nanoparticles. Conclusion It is believed that phytochemicals present in T. decandra extract reduce the silver and gold ions into metallic nanoparticles. This strategy reduces the cost of production and the environmental impact. The silver and gold nanoparticles formed showed strong activity against all microorganisms tested.
Structural Dynamics of a Pulsed-Jet Propulsion System for Underwater Soft Robots

This paper entails the study of the pulsed-jet propulsion inspired by cephalopods in the frame of underwater bioinspired robotics. This propulsion routine involves a sequence of consecutive cycles of inflation and collapse of an elastic bladder, which, in the robotics artefact developed by the authors, is enabled by a cable-driven actuation of a deformable shell composed of rubber-like materials. In the present work an all-comprehensive formulation is derived by resorting to a coupled approach that comprises of a model of the structural dynamics of the cephalopod-like elastic bladder and a model of the pulsed-jet thrust production. The bladder, or mantle, is modelled by means of geometrically exact, axisymmetric, nonlinear shell theory, which yields an accurate estimation of the forces involved in driving the deformation of the structure in water. By coupling these results with those from a standard thrust model, the behaviour of the vehicle propelling itself in water is derived. The constitutive laws of the shell are also exploited as control laws with the scope of replicating the muscle activation routine observed in cephalopods. The model is employed to test various shapes, material properties and actuation routines of the mantle. The results are compared in terms of speed performance in order to identify suitable design guidelines. Altogether, the model is tested in more than 50 configurations, eventually providing useful insight for the development of more advanced vehicles and bringing evidence of its reliability in studying the dynamics of both man-made cephalopod-inspired robots and live specimens.
Cell- and Stimulus Type-Specific Intracellular Free Ca2+ Signals in Arabidopsis1[W][OPEN]

Enhancer trap targeting of aequorin to specific cell types identifies stimulus- and cell-specific signaling via cytosolic-free calcium concentration in Arabidopsis. Appropriate stimulus-response coupling requires that each signal induces a characteristic response, distinct from that induced by other signals, and that there is the potential for individual signals to initiate different downstream responses dependent on cell type. How such specificity is encoded in plant signaling is not known. One possibility is that information is encoded in signal transduction pathways to ensure stimulus- and cell type-specific responses. The calcium ion acts as a second messenger in response to mechanical stimulation, hydrogen peroxide, NaCl, and cold in plants and also in circadian timing. We use GAL4 transactivation of aequorin in enhancer trap lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to test the hypothesis that stimulus- and cell-specific information can be encoded in the pattern of dynamic alterations in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). We demonstrate that mechanically induced increases in [Ca2+]i are largely restricted to the epidermal pavement cells of leaves, that NaCl induces oscillatory [Ca2+]i signals in spongy mesophyll and vascular bundle cells, but not other cell types, and detect circadian rhythms of [Ca2+]i only in the spongy mesophyll. We demonstrate stimulus-specific [Ca2+]i dynamics in response to touch, cold, and hydrogen peroxide, which in the case of the latter two signals are common to all cell types tested. GAL4 transactivation of aequorin in specific leaf cell types has allowed us to bypass the technical limitations associated with fluorescent Ca2+ reporter dyes in chlorophyll-containing tissues to identify the cell- and stimulus-specific complexity of [Ca2+]i dynamics in leaves of Arabidopsis and to determine from which tissues stress- and circadian-regulated [Ca2+]i signals arise.
Validity of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) In Mexican Women

espanolEl objetivo de la presente investigacion fue validar el instrumento en poblacion mexicana femenina Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), creado con la finalidad de evaluar la insatisfaccion corporal. Participaron 472 mujeres, 256 eran estudiantes (x. = 15.9, DE = 3.2) y conformaron el grupo control y 216 pacientes con Trastorno del Comportamiento Alimentario (TCA) (x. = 20.5, DE = 3.9) con un rango de edad de 13 a 30 anos. Los resultados mostraron una excelente consistencia interna (�? = .98), asi como una estructura de 2 factores que explicaron el 63.8% de la varianza total. Estos fueron: 1) Malestar corporal normativo (�? =.95) y 2) Malestar corporal patologico (�? =.94). Respecto a la validez discriminante y predictiva, el BSQ mostro una buena capacidad de clasificar a individuos con TCA, en funcion de la insatisfaccion corporal, y se observo que dicha capacidad es mayor cuando discrimina entre Anorexia, Bulimia y control (�E de Wilks = .485, �O2(gl=1)= 278.830, p. . 001). Finalmente se exploraron 6 diferentes puntos de corte, de los cuales 110 fue el que demostro ser el mas apropiado, de acuerdo a sus valores de sensibilidad (84.3%) y especificidad (84.4%). En conclusion el BSQ es un cuestionario de gran utilidad para detectar la insatisfaccion corporal en mujeres mexicanas. EnglishThe aim of this study was to validate the instrument Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in female Mexican population, created to assess body dissatisfaction. 472 women participated, 256 were students and formed the control group (x. = 15.9, DE = 3.2) and 216 patients with Eating Disorders (ED) (x. = 20.5, DE = 3.9) with an age range of 13 to 30 years. The results showed excellent internal consistency (�? = .98) and a 2-factor structure that explained 63.8% of the total variance. These were: 1) normative body uncomfort (�? =.95), and 2) pathological body uncomfort (�? =.94). Regarding the discriminant and predictive validity, the BSQ showed good ability to classify individuals with eating disorders, depending on body dissatisfaction, noting that such capacity is greater when discriminating between Anorexia, Bulimia and control (�E de Wilks = .485, �O2(gl=1)= 278.830, p. . 001). Finally we explored 6 different cut off points, of which the 110-was proved to be the most appropriate according to their values of sensitivity (84.3%) and specificity (84.4%). In conclusion, the BSQ is a useful questionnaire to detect body dissatisfaction in Mexican women.
Semantic Similarity Measures in the Biomedical Domain by Leveraging a Web Search Engine

Various researches in web related semantic similarity measures have been deployed. However, measuring semantic similarity between two terms remains a challenging task. The traditional ontology-based methodologies have a limitation that both concepts must be resided in the same ontology tree(s). Unfortunately, in practice, the assumption is not always applicable. On the other hand, if the corpus is sufficiently adequate, the corpus-based methodologies can overcome the limitation. Now, the web is a continuous and enormous growth corpus. Therefore, a method of estimating semantic similarity is proposed via exploiting the page counts of two biomedical concepts returned by Google AJAX web search engine. The features are extracted as the co-occurrence patterns of two given terms P and Q, by querying P, Q, as well as P AND Q, and the web search hit counts of the defined lexico-syntactic patterns. These similarity scores of different patterns are evaluated, by adapting support vector machines for classification, to leverage the robustness of semantic similarity measures. Experimental results validating against two datasets: dataset 1 provided by A. Hliaoutakis; dataset 2 provided by T. Pedersen, are presented and discussed. In dataset 1, the proposed approach achieves the best correlation coefficient (0.802) under SNOMED-CT. In dataset 2, the proposed method obtains the best correlation coefficient (SNOMED-CT: 0.705; MeSH: 0.723) with physician scores comparing with measures of other methods. However, the correlation coefficients (SNOMED-CT: 0.496; MeSH: 0.539) with coder scores received opposite outcomes. In conclusion, the semantic similarity findings of the proposed method are close to those of physicians' ratings. Furthermore, the study provides a cornerstone investigation for extracting fully relevant information from digitizing, free-text medical records in the National Taiwan University Hospital database.