Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malicious Route Defending Reliable-Data Transmission Scheme for Multi Path Routing in Wireless Network

Abstract—Securing the confidential data transferred via wireless network remains a challenging problem. It is paramount to ensure that data are accessible only by the legitimate users rather than by the attackers. One of the most serious threats to organization is jamming, which disrupts the communication between any two pairs of nodes. Therefore, designing an attack-defending scheme without any packet loss in data transmission is an important challenge. In this paper, Dependence based Malicious Route Defending DMRD Scheme has been proposed in multi path routing environment to prevent jamming attack. The key idea is to defend the malicious route to ensure perspicuous transmission. This scheme develops a two layered architecture and it operates in two different steps. In the first step, possible routes are captured and their agent dependence values are marked using triple agents. In the second step, the dependence values are compared by performing comparator filtering to detect malicious route as well as to identify a reliable route for secured data transmission. By simulation studies, it is observed that the proposed scheme significantly identifies malicious route by attaining lower delay time and route discovery time; it also achieves higher throughput.
Oval cells in hepatitis B virus‐positive and hepatitis C virus‐positive liver cirrhosis: histological and ultrastructural study

Aims : It is still not clear whether oval cells demonstrate diverse morphology, immunophenotype or quantity in different human liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate these differences in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐positive and hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive human liver cirrhosis (HLC).
Impact of varying photovoltaic penetration on minimum loss reconfiguration

The novelty of this paper is that it incorporates real world situation like photovoltaic (PV) penetration variability in a test network in order to evaluate its impact on the reconfiguration of the network with an aim to reduce the losses. This paper shows that an incremental increase in PV penetration will result in either the same optimal configuration or in a configuration that is very similar in the sense that the new optimal configuration is obtained by simply transferring the terminal load between feeders of the previous optimal configuration. This result helps in avoiding the computational effort in finding the optimal configuration when an incremental change occurs in PV penetration. A simple parameter namely the minimum power loss reduction parameter helps in deciding the feeders involved in the load transfer.
In‐situ incubation of iron‐sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role for Thiomicrospira

Sulfide mineral precipitation occurs at mid-ocean ridge (MOR) spreading centers, both in the form of plume particles and seafloor massive sulfide structures. A common constituent of MOR is the iron-bearing sulfide mineral pyrrhotite, which was chosen as a substrate for in-situ incubation studies in shallow waters of Catalina Island, CA to investigate the colonization of iron-oxidizing bacteria. Microbial community datasets were obtained from in-situ incubated pyrrhotite, allowing for direct comparison to microbial communities of iron-sulfides from active and inactive chimneys in deep-sea environments. Unclassified Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria (Magnetovibrio) largely dominated the bacterial community on pyrrhotite samples incubated in the water column while samples incubated at the surface sediment showed more even dominance by Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfobulbus), Gammaproteobacteria (Piscirickettsiaceae), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae), and Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriia). Cultivations that originated from pyrrhotite samples resulted in the enrichment of both, sheath-forming and stalk-forming Zetaproteobacteria. Additionally, a putative novel species of Thiomicrospira was isolated and shown to grow autotrophically with iron, indicating a new biogeochemical role for this ubiquitous microorganism.
Determinação de elementos-traço em amostras de formações ferríferas por ICP-MS e produção de um material de referência para controle de qualidade

As formacoes ferriferas sao rochas sedimentares que foram depositadas essencialmente no Pre-cambriano. Durante este periodo, a Terra passou por diversas mudancas que afetaram os estilos de deposicao dessas formacoes. A fracao em massa de elementos-traco, especialmente os elementos terras raras (ETR), pode ser usada para o estudo da genese dessas rochas e no entendimento da evolucao atmosferica, da composicao quimica dos oceanos e do aparecimento da vida na Terra. A determinacao dos ETR em formacoes ferriferas apresenta algumas especificidades. As fracoes em massa desses elementos tendem a ser baixas, nao ha muitas informacoes disponiveis sobre metodos especificos para a dissolucao das amostras e a ausencia de materiais de referencia (MR) com valores de ETR certificados dificulta a validacao dos procedimentos analiticos. Procedimentos de dissolucao que empregam quatro acidos (HF, HNO3, HCl e HClO4), sem e com pressao (bomba), foram testados e aprimorados durante o estudo para aumentar sua eficiencia quando aplicados a amostras de formacoes ferriferas. A dissolucao apos a sinterizacao com peroxido de sodio tambem foi empregada em algumas etapas do estudo. A determinacao de 28 elementos-traco foi realizada por Espectrometria de Massas com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-MS) equipado com cela de colisao, empregando parâmetros instrumentais e de otimizacao do sinal adequados para realizar as medicoes dos elementos de interesse. A validacao dos metodos foi realizada por comparacao com valores publicados na literatura para os MR internacionais de formacoes ferriferase FER-1, FER-2, FER-3, FER-4 e IF-G. Os metodos de dissolucao acida apresentaram caracteristicas de desempenho, como coeficiente de variacao e limites de deteccao, apropriados ao uso pretendido dos resultados. Os dados baseados no procedimento de digestao acida na ausencia de pressao apresentaram medias de fracao em massa mais baixas que os da bomba para alguns elementos nos MR FER-3 e FER-4, indicando dissolucao incompleta desses materiais naquelas condicoes. Os valores medios obtidos apos a sinterizacao das amostras foram mais baixos do que os das digestoes acidas, mas o perfil dos ETR nao se alterou de forma significativa. Apos a validacao dos metodos, um material de controle de qualidade (MCQ) da matriz foi preparado, a partir de uma amostra de itabirito friavel proveniente do Quadrilatero Ferrifero (MG), escolhida dentre amostras previamente analisadas. Cerca de 6,5 kg da amostra foram pulverizados, homogeneizados e divididos em 64 potes, cada um com 100 g. O MCQ apresentou homogeneidade satisfatoria, isto e, variância composicional estatisticamente insignificante em relacao a variância dos resultados analiticos obtidos em condicoes de repetitividade. O MRC BRP-1 foi utilizado durante a caracterizacao do MCQ para assegurar a rastreabilidade metrologica do material produzido. Abstract
Mold Allergen, Pen c 13, Induces IL-8 Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells by Activating Protease-Activated Receptor 1 and 21

Allergenic serine proteases are important in the pathogenesis of asthma. One of these, Pen c 13, is the immunodominant allergen produced by Penicillium citrinum. Many serine proteases induce cytokine expression, but whether Pen c 13 does so in human respiratory epithelial cells is not known. In this study, we investigated whether Pen c 13 caused IL-8 release and activated protease-activated receptors (PARs) in airway epithelial cells. In airway-derived A549 cells and normal human airway epithelial cells, Pen c 13 induced IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. Pen c 13 also increased IL-8 release in a time-dependent manner in A549 cells. Pen c 13 cleaved PAR-1 and PAR-2 at their activation sites. Treatment with Pen c 13 induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and desensitized the cells to the action of other proteases and PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists. Moreover, Pen c 13-mediated IL-8 release was significantly decreased in Ca2+-free medium and was abolished by the protease inhibitors, PMSF and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride. Blocking Abs against the cleavage sites of PAR-1 and PAR-2, but not of PAR-4, inhibited Pen c 13-induced IL-8 production, as did inhibition of phospholipase C. Pen c 13 induced IL-8 expression via activation of ERK 1/2, and not of p38 and JNK. In addition, treatment of A549 cells or normal human airway epithelial cells with Pen c 13 increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 by a Ca2+-dependent pathway. These finding show that Pen c 13 induces IL-8 release in airway epithelial cells and that this is dependent on PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation and intracellular calcium.
A compact band-notch ultra-wideband antenna

An ultra-wideband antenna with band-notch for 5.8 GHz WLAN is proposed. The antenna is composed of two slots called the main slot and the sub-slot. The main slot has a hybrid shape of a rectangle connected to a half circle. The sub-slot has a rectangular shape. The two slots are fed by a bent shaped strip. The antenna has a compact size of 18 mm − 22 mm. The measured −10 dB frequency band of the proposed antenna is 3–4.4 and 6.1–10.9 GHz with 4.4–6.1 GHz filtered out.
Asthma Hospital Admissions and Ambient Air Pollution Concentrations in New York City

Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Negative binomial regression is used to model the association between daily asthma hospital admissions and ambient air pollution concentrations. Potential confounding factors such as heat index, day of week, holidays, yearly population changes, and seasonal and long-term trends are controlled for in the models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) show the most consistent statistically significant associations with daily hospitalizations for asthma during the entire period (1996-2000). The associations are stronger for children (0 17 years) than for adults (18 64 years). Relative risks (RR) for the inter-quartile range (IQR) of same day 24-hour average pollutant concentration and asthma hospitalizations for children for the four county hospitalization totals were: NO2 (IQR = 0.011 ppm, RR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.034), SO2 (IQR = 0.008 ppm, RR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.004, 1.042), CO (IQR = 0.232 ppm, RR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.025). In the case of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) statistically significant associations were found for daily one-hour maxima values and children’s asthma hospitalization in models that used lagged values for air pollution concentrations. Five-day weighted average lag models resulted in these estimates: O3 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 0.025 ppm, RR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.098), PM2.5 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 16.679 μg/m, RR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.103). In addition, seasonal variations were also explored for PM2.5 and statistically significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma were found during the colder months (November-March) of the year. Important differences in pollution effects were found across pollutants, counties, and age groups. The results for PM2.5 suggest that the composition of PM is important to this health outcome, since the major sources of NYC PM differ between winter and summer months.
Selection of non-traditional machining process: A distance based approach

With accelerating progress in the field of machining, use of newer and harder materials like titanium, stainless steel, high-strength temperature-resistant (HSTR) alloys and ceramics has become common and has resulted in a number of available Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes. With increased number of available options, the need arises to select the most efficient NTM process for machining a desired shape feature on a given material. This paper focuses on selection of NTM process based on hybridized `technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution' (TOPSIS) and an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) expert system in which an AHP matrix is referred. The weights of this matrix are obtained from the process selection criteria. Further depending upon the weights obtained, the relative closeness of the NTM alternatives are evaluated using TOPSIS which shows that Electrochemical Machining(ECM) and Plasma arc Machining(PAM) are the best NTM processes and the worst NTM process is Electro Discharge Machining(EDM).
Margin Debt and Portfolio Margin Requirements

This paper investigates the effects of a change in the margin rules of the U.S. stock market. These rules determine how much investors can borrow to leverage their investments. Since the 1929 stock market crash, margin loans have been tightly regulated by the Securities and Exchange Act Regulation T. Between 2005 and 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission modified these margin rules because they were perceived as not adequately reflecting investment risk. The amended rules have made it more attractive for investors to borrow by opening new margin accounts and diversifying their investment positions. This paper tests the hypothesis that the change in the margin rules has increased margin debt across the U.S. stock market. It provides statistical evidence that this structural change can be dated to the amendments in the rules. Since the 2008 financial crisis, margin debt has increased rapidly, reaching previously unseen levels. This worrying trend has been intensified by record low interest rates and rising stock values. These facts present new incentives for reassessing the efficacy of margin rules and margin requirements.
An activation‐independent role of transcription factors in insulator function

Chromatin insulators are defined as transcriptionally neutral elements that prevent negative or positive influence from extending across chromatin to a promoter. Here we show that yeast subtelomeric anti‐silencing regions behave as boundaries to telomere‐driven silencing and also allow discontinuous propagation of silent chromatin. These two facets of insulator activity, boundary and silencing discontinuity, can be recapitulated by tethering various transcription activation domains to tandem sites on DNA. Importantly, we show that these insulator activities do not involve direct transcriptional activation of the reporter promoter. These findings predict that certain promoters behave as insulators and partition genomes in functionally independent domains.
The use of the antiglobulin ‘gel‐test’ for antibody detection

SUMMARY. Four antibodies used routinely in‐house for the assessment of antiglobulin reagents (anti‐Fyb, anti‐Jka, anti‐S) were tested in parallel using tube and antiglobulin ‘gel‐test’ low ionic strength antiglobulin techniques. In the latter the red cells are centrifuged following incubation through a dextran matrix incorporating an anti‐human globulin reagent. The results show that the antiglobulin ‘gel‐test’ was less sensitive than the tube technique in the detection of these difficult antibodies.
Thermogravimetric Study and High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of [Ca2(Co1-xAx)O3]0.62CoO2

Systematic ion substitution has been performed on the Co site in the rock-salt (RS)-type [Ca<sub>2</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub>] subsystem of misfit-layered cobalt oxide [Ca<sub>2</sub>(Co<sub>1-x</sub>A<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>3-delta</sub>] <sub>0.62</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> (A = Nb, Ru, Ta, Pb, W, La and Zr). The oxygen deficiency delta and the decomposition temperature T<sub>d</sub> of the substituted samples have been determined by means of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Upon heating, the oxygen atoms are gradually released from the RS-type subsystem up to delta~0.10. A small amount (x = 0.10) of the substitution remarkably increases T<sub>d </sub> from 1173 K (x = 0) up to 1246 K (A = Nb). The Pb-substituted samples show substantial decrease in electrical resistivity p from 19.2 mOmegacm to 13.8 mOmegacm (x = 0.10) at 950 K. The highest thermoelectric power, S<sup>2</sup>p<sup>-1</sup> = 2.1times10<sup>-4 </sup> WK<sup>-2</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> , is realized for the Pb-substituted sample with x = 0.10 at 950 K
A Small-Area and Energy-Efficient 12-bit SA-ADC With Residue Sampling and Digital Calibration for CMOS Image Sensors

This brief proposes a small-area and energy-efficient 12-bit successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SA-ADC) for CMOS image sensors with a column-parallel readout structure. The proposed SA-ADC, which uses only a 6-bit capacitor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for residue sampling, reduces the capacitor area to 1/64th of that for the 12-bit capacitor DAC and adopts the scaled reference voltages for 12-bit conversion. It also achieves 88% lower switching energy of the capacitor DAC compared with the 12-bit SA-ADC with split capacitor structure. A foreground digital calibration is employed to compensate for the linearity error caused by the inaccurately scaled reference voltages. A test chip, which has 100 readout channels with the proposed SA-ADC, is fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measurement results show that the proposed SA-ADC with the proposed digital calibration has differential nonlinearity (DNL) of -0.8/+1.7 LSB and integral nonlinearity (INL) of -2.3/+2.4 LSB, and without the calibration, it has DNL of -1/+14.9 LSB and INL of -15.8/+12.7 LSB. In addition, a digital correlated double sampling method improves the standard deviation of the readout channel outputs from 62.1 to 1.4 LSB.
Review of recent trends on miniaturization of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) components

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is a promising and potential technology for designing and developing millimeter wave and microwave components, circuits and systems. With the rapid advancement of new standards and communication devices and system in past few years, there has been high demand to miniaturize microwave components. This paper briefly discusses some of the techniques that have been accounted in the literature towards size reduction of SIW components. These miniaturization techniques broadly include slotted SIW, Folded SIW (FSIW), HMSIW, Metamaterials etc.
Rutas de señalización celular activadas por receptores nicotínicos y su implicación en la neuroprotección y el dolor

Nos hemos centrado en el estudio de los mecanismos neuroprotectores y analgesicos de agonistas nicotinicos como la epibatidina y la nicotina, y del modulador alosterico de los mismos, la galantamina. Asi, hemos intentado dilucidar el mecanismo por el cual la galantamina protege frente a privacion de oxigeno y glucosa en rodajas de hipocampo. Hemos visto que participa la ruta protectora de PI3K/Akt. Por otra parte, hemos demostrado que la nicotina ejerce su efecto neuroprotector en este modelo de isquemia "in vitro" a traves de un subtipo concreto de receptor nicotinico, el subtipo alfa-7. La epibatidina, es un agonista potente de los receptores nicotinicos. Nos planteamos estudiar su efecto neuroprotector frente a otro modelo de isquemia "in vitro", la combinacion de rotenona mas oligomicina-A que son dos bloqueantes de la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial. Asi, vimos que a traves de un mecanismo de CICR, se activa PKC, que a su vez activa ERK1/2, otra de las quinasas implicadas en neuroproteccion. Como resultado de la incubacion de 24 h con epibatidina, vimos que se producia la sobre-expresion de hemo oxigenasa-1, una enzima antioxidante muy potente, que reducia el dano producto por el estimulo toxico. Debido al potencial efecto antioxidante y anti-inflamatorio de esta enzima, nos planteamos estudiar si la induccion de hemo oxigenasa-1 podria tener un efecto antinociceptivo en modelos de dolor. Corroboramos esta hipotesis tanto con un inductor de hemo oxigenasa-1 como con el agonista de los receptores nicotinicos epibatidina.
Semantic retrieval of personal photos using a deep autoencoder fusing visual features with speech annotations represented as word/paragraph vectors

It is very attractive for the user to retrieve photos from a huge collection using high-level personal queries (e.g. “uncle Bill’s house”), but technically very challenging. Previous works proposed a set of approaches toward the goal assuming only 30% of the photos are annotated by sparse spoken descriptions when the photos are taken. In this paper, to promote the interaction between different types of features, we use the continuous space word representations to train a paragraph vector model for the speech annotation, and then fuse the paragraph vector with the visual features produced by deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using a Deep AutoEncoder (DAE). The retrieval framework therefore combines the word vectors and paragraph vectors of the speech annotations, the CNN-based visual features, and the DAE-based fused visual/speech features in a three-stage process including a two-layer random walk. The retrieval performance was signiﬁcantly improved in the prelim-inary experiments.
Difusión de productos a través de redes sociales: una Revisión bibliográfica utilizando la teoría de grafos

La difusion de productos a traves de redes sociales es un campo de aplicacion del mercadeo, donde la decision de compra de un consumidor es influenciada por factores internos y externos como su red de conocidos y familiares. El proposito de esta investigacion es identificar las principales perspectivas y plantear futuras investigaciones, apoyados en la revision selectiva del estado del arte. Para la orientacion de la busqueda y la seleccion de articulos se utilizo la teoria de grafos, aprovechando las posibilidades de reconocer las conexiones entre los diferentes trabajos, arrojando para su analisis 18 articulos clasicos y 23 articulos actuales. A partir de esto se obtuvo, como resultado de la investigacion, cuatro (4) estrategias de mercadeo diferentes: enfocadas a los influenciadores, a los no influenciadores, grupos pequenos y estrategias tradicionales de mercadeo. Palabras clave: difusion de productos, redes sociales, teoria de grafos
Behavioral Factors Influencing Health Outcomes in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

The Pediatric Self-Management Model provides an overview of how behavioral factors influence children’s chronic medical illnesses. This general framework is used to organize the present review of how self-management behaviors, contextual factors, and processes impact health outcomes for adolescent youth with type 1 diabetes. Adherence has been widely studied in the diabetes literature, and there are consistent findings demonstrating associations between aspects of self-management, adherence, and metabolic control, yet there are still equivocal approaches to adherence assessment methodology (e.g. global versus specific measures). Metabolic control is a hallmark health outcome for youth with type 1 diabetes, but additional outcomes need to be further explored. Future research should utilize the Pediatric Self-Management Model’s operational definitions to guide empirically-supported interventions for youth with type 1 diabetes.