Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional obstacles for e-learning – a user psychological analysis

Finnish E-oppimisen merkitys koulutuksessa on kasvanut jatkuvasti. Seka julkisen etta yksityisen sektorin organisaatiot kayttavat sita laajasti. Epailyja kuitenkin on ilmaistu sen tehokkuuden osalta. Nama ongelmat johtuvat usein ihmisen ja jarjestelman vuorovaikutuksesta, minka vuoksi on tarpeen tutkia vuorovaikutusta e-oppimisessa. Me lahestymme naita vuorovaikutusongelmia kayttajapsykologisesta nakokulmasta. Tama tarkoittaa sita, etta kaytamme psykologisia kasitteita, menetelmia ja teorioita ratkaistaksemme vuorovaikutusongelmia. Tassa artikkelissa haluamme korostaa, etta on olemassa monia tunneperaisia nakokulmia ihmisen ja teknologian vuorovaikutuksen prosesseille, ja siksi me analysoimme e-oppimiseen liittyvia emotionaalisia prosesseja. Tassa artikkelissa olemme tutkineet verkko-oppimisjarjestelmaa, jolla Suomen Verohallinto kouluttaa tyontekijoitaan. Esitimme taman jarjestelman kayttajille kyselyn, jolla analysoimme erilaisia emotionaalisia nakokulmia osana oppimisprosessia. Faktorianalyysin avulla huomasimme, etta vastaajat voitiin jakaa kahteen paaryhmaan. Ensimmaisen ryhman jasenet menestyivat opinnoissaan ja tunsivat ylpeytta omasta suorituksestaan, kun taas toinen ryhma menestyi opinnoissaan heikommin ja tunsivat negatiivisia tunteita e-oppimista kohtaan. Meidan kannalta tarkeaa on, etta negatiivinen ryhma saadaan muutettua mahdollisimman positiiviseksi. English E-learning has constantly increased its importance in education. Both public and private organizations use it extensively. However, doubts have been expressed in regards to its effectiveness. These difficulties often have their origin in human-system interaction, thus there is the necessity to investigate interaction in e-learning. We approach these interaction problems from a user psychological point of view. This means that we apply psychological concepts, methods and theories to solve interaction problems. In this paper, we want to emphasize that there are many emotional aspects in the human-technology interaction processes, and consequently we analyze the emotional processes involved in e-learning. Here we have studied the e-learning system used by the Finnish Tax Administration to train their employees. We presented their students with a questionnaire analyzing different emotional aspects of the learning process. By means of factor analysis we found that the respondents could be divided into two major groups. The members of the first group were successful and felt pride in their performance, while those of the second were less successful and developed shame reactions towards e-learning. From our point of view, it is essential that the negative group is able to be transformed as much as possible into a positive one.
Performance Analysis of Binned Orthogonal/Bi-Orthogonal Block Code as Dirty-Paper Code for Digital Watermarking Application

A binned dirty-paper code (DPC) divides a set of codewords into a number of bins. The codeword in the bin that has the maximum correlation with the side information is selected as the transmitted dirty-paper codeword. This letter derives and verifies the analytical bit-error rate (BER) expression of binned orthogonal block code used as DPC in watermarking applications. The BER trends of such orthogonal DPC under constant code length or constant code rate constrains are analyzed. Finally, we propose a new class of DPC based on binned bi-orthogonal codes and demonstrate its BER performance gain over orthogonal DPC.
Model-Based Reasoning with Multiple Test Cases and its Application to Debugging

Today’s simulation-centric hardware development process requires to leverage quality test suites for fault localization rather than employing them solely for detecting malfunctioning. In this article we (1) propose an extension of the model-based debugging theory to address the treatment of test suites in a well-founded way and (2) relate this novel approach to an algorithmic technique known as filtering. For multiple test cases revealing a certain fault (3) we propose an iterative computation of diagnoses as an extension to Reiter’s diagnosis algorithm, and (4) notably report on empirical evaluations of this algorithm taking into account even dual-fault diagnosis.
p-Type multiplicative Schwarz (pMUS) method with vector finite elements for modeling three-dimensional waveguide discontinuities

This paper presents the application of a p-type multiplicative Schwarz (pMUS) method for solving three-dimensional waveguide discontinuity problems. The two major contributions of the proposed pMUS method are: 1) the use of hierarchical curl-conforming basis functions that incorporate a discrete Hodge decomposition explicitly and 2) the treatment of each polynomial space (or basis functions group) as an abstract grid/domain in the Schwarz method. These two features greatly improve the applicability of the curl-conforming vector finite-element methods (FEMs) for solving Maxwell equations. Various numerical examples are solved using the proposed approach. The performance of the pMUS method has been compared to commercial FEM software as well as the incomplete Choleski conjugate gradient method. It is found that the pMUS method exhibits superior efficiency and consumes far less memory and CPU times.
Research on the fuzzy PID-based control of haptic system

An adaptive impedance control scheme has been proposed in this paper to alleviate some of the problems associated with the impact of feedback force in a haptic system. Continuous on-line estimation of the virtual environment's impedance is performed, and is then used as a local model for force rendering control. For the problem of the haptic system existed the impact of feedback force in virtual environment, a new algorithm is proposed which use the nonlinear-fuzzy- continuous force feedback to setup the fuzzy adaptive PID control scheme. Two performance measures are defined to assess transparency and stability of the haptic system. Simulation results have shown the superior performance of the adaptive scheme, with respect to direct operation, particularly in terms of increasing the stability and of ameliorating transparency significantly in the presence of Gravity well margin. Experimental results, using a Phantom Omni as the haptic master device, support this conclusion.
Top 50 most wanted fungi

Environmental sequencing regularly recovers fungi that cannot be classified to any meaningful taxonomic level beyond “Fungi”. There are several examples where evidence of such lineages has been sitting in public sequence databases for up to ten years before receiving scientific attention and formal recognition. In order to highlight these unidentified lineages for taxonomic scrutiny, a search function is presented that produces updated lists of approximately genus-level clusters of fungal ITS sequences that remain unidentified at the phylum, class, and order levels, respectively. The search function (https://unite.ut.ee/top50.php) is implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi, such that the underlying sequences and fungal lineages are open to third-party annotation. We invite researchers to examine these enigmatic fungal lineages in the hope that their taxonomic resolution will not have to wait another ten years or more.
Heterospecific ovicide influences the outcome of competition between two endoparasitoids, Encarsia formosa and Encarsia luteola

Abstract 1. Studies of inter‐specific competition in parasitoids have largely focused on the outcome of within‐host competition and the behavioural mechanisms by which female parasitoids prevent competition. Another, less well studied, possibility is oviposition preceded by ‘heterospecific ovicide’, the destruction of the other species’ egg. Heterospecific ovicide essentially eliminates within‐host competition.
Effectiveness and Safety of Concurrent Use of First-Line Antiretroviral and Antituberculous Drugs in Rwanda

Background. Overlapping toxicity between drugs used for HIV and TB could complicate the management of HIV/TB coinfected patients, particularly those carrying multiple opportunistic infections. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and adverse drug events in HIV patients managed with first-line antiretroviral and first-line anti-TB drugs. Methods. This is a retrospective study utilizing medical dossiers from single-HIV infected and HIV/TB coinfected patients already initiated on ART. Predictors of outcomes included changes in CD4 cells/mm3, body weight, physical improvement, death rate, and adverse drug reactions. Results. Records from 60 HIV patients and 60 HIV/TB patients aged between 20 and 58 years showed that all clinical indicators of effectiveness were better in single-HIV infected than in HIV/TB coinfected patients: higher CD4 cell counts, better physical improvement, and low prevalence of adverse drug events. The most frequently prescribed regimen was TDF/3TC/EFV+RHZE. The mortality rate was 20% in HIV/TB patients compared to 8.3% in the single-HIV group. Conclusion. Treatment regimens applied are efficient in controlling the progression of the infection. However, attention should be paid to adjust dosing when combining nonnucleoside antiretrovirals (EFV and NVR) with anti-TB drugs to minimize the risk of death by drug intoxication.
Optimal Selling in Dynamic Auctions: Information Versus Commitment

This paper analyzes optimal selling strategies of a monopolist facing forward-looking patient unit-demand bidders in a sequential auction market. Such a seller faces a fundamental choice between two selling regimes: selling that involves learning about remaining demand from early prices, and selling that forgoes such learning and makes all selling decisions in the beginning of the game. A model of the game between the seller and the bidders is proposed to characterize the optimal regime choice. The model implies that the relative profitability of the two regimes depends on the expected gains from trade: when the expected gains from trade are low, commitment dominates adaptation, and vice versa.
Positional Homology in Bacterial Genomes

In comparative genomic studies, syntenic groups of homologous sequence in the same order have been used as supplementary information that can be used in helping to determine the orthology of the compared sequences. The assumption is that orthologous gene copies are more likely to share the same genome positions and share the same gene neighbors. In this study we have defined positional homologs as those that also have homologous neighboring genes and we investigated the usefulness of this distinction for bacterial comparative genomics. We considered the identification of positionaly homologous gene pairs in bacterial genomes using protein and DNA sequence level alignments and found that the positional homologs had on average relatively lower rates of substitution at the DNA level (synonymous substitutions) than duplicate homologs in different genomic locations, regardless of the level of protein sequence divergence (measured with non-synonymous substitution rate). Since gene order conservation can indicate accuracy of orthology assignments, we also considered the effect of imposing certain alignment quality requirements on the sensitivity and specificity of identification of protein pairs by BLAST and FASTA when neighboring information is not available and in comparisons where gene order is not conserved. We found that the addition of a stringency filter based on the second best hits was an efficient way to remove dubious ortholog identifications in BLAST and FASTA analyses. Gene order conservation and DNA sequence homology are useful to consider in comparative genomic studies as they may indicate different orthology assignments than protein sequence homology alone.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of Trade Equilibria ∗

We prove a number of new theorems that offer sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium systems. The theorems are powerful: we show how they can be applied to drastically simplify existing proofs for well known equilibrium systems and establish results for systems not previously characterized. We first present a new results concerning the existence, uniqueness, and calculation of a class of models where economic interactions between agents are subject to potentially many sets of bilateral frictions. We then offer a generalization of the gross substitutes condition that can be applied recursively to offer the proofs of existence and/or uniqueness for general equilibrium systems too complicated to be tackled using existing methods. We illustrate the power of this method by providing (for the first time) sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of two well known trade models: a multi-country monopolistic competition model with heterogenous firms and a (nearly) arbitrary distribution of firm productivities in each country, and of a perfect competition setup with intermediate inputs and input-output relationships. ∗We thank Pol Antras, Lorenzo Caliendo and Dave Donaldson. All errors are our own.
Analysis of Data mining Algorithm in Intrusion Detection

In this paper, we have presented a survey on the different data mining technique of intrusion detection which is basically used for the intrusion detection purpose in the field of data mining. Today intrusion detection in data mining has gain more interest to the researches, there are many intrusion detection issues in data mining like dos attacks, R2L, U2R and probing etc. There are many algorithms like Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Naive Bayes (CFSGSW), NBTree and Improved Self Adaptive NBTree for intrusion detection.
Dynamic encryption key design and management for memory data encryption in embedded systems

To effectively encrypt data memory contents of an embedded processor, multiple keys which are dynamically changed are necessary. However, the resources required to store and manage these keys on-chip (so that they are secure) can be extensive. This paper presents a design where each dynamic key is determined by a random number, a counter value, and a memory address, and is unique to the data in a memory location. The counter value, dedicated to a given memory location, controls the duration of the random number for the key associated with the location. The counter table and random number table are used for key storage. We reduce on-chip resources by customizing the counter table and allowing a pool of random numbers to be shared amongst the keys. The random numbers are dynamically updated during the application execution. We propose a key generation and management scheme such that the random number pool is extremely small (hence low memory consumption) yet sufficient for the uniqueness and randomness of each dynamic key. Experiments on a set of applications show that on average, large overhead (90% on chip area and 92% on power consumption) can be saved for a same security level, when compared to the state-of-the-art approach.
Globalization, Regionalization, and Recent Trade Agreements: Impact on Arab Economies Rapid Exogenous change - Slow Endogenous Response!

A review of recent studies that attempt to estimate the potential gain from the Arab region integration in the World economy indicates initial losses or insignificant gains. This is not surprising since the fundamentals of the economic structures and institutions in the Arab World are not developed or equipped for a highly competitive global environment. The paper reviews development in the Arab region, examines relevant recent experience from South East Asia, and attempts to outline an internal-oriented sustainable reform (IOSR). The paper makes the case that any outward-oriented reforms (OOR) or export-oriented industrialization strategy (EOI) must be part of an (IOSR). The latter should include as its fundamental elements: the development of human resources, equality of opportunities, transparency in governance, strong local demand, and sustainable environment. Lack of progress in IOSR, relative to that in OOR/EOI, could be a call for social unrest and costly economic losses.
A fast coarse-to-fine vehicle logo detection and recognition method

This paper presents algorithms for vision-based classification of vehicles based on vehicle logo in monocular image of traffic scenes recorded by a stationary camera. The intended application is automatic recognition of vehicle type for secure access and traffic monitoring applications, a problem not hitherto considered at such a level of accuracy. In recognition of vehicle type, differing with other researchers who attend to the recognition of shape, size of vehicle, we pay attention to the location and recognition of vehicle logo. The vehicle logo is unique mark of vehicle type (both make and model). We demonstrate that a relatively simple vehicle logo recognition method from front images can be used to obtain high performance verification and recognition of vehicle type. Firstly, the vehicle logo can be rough detected by prior knowledge, such as license, and then logo can be exactly detected by edge feature. Finally, the logo can be recognized using template matching and edge orientation histograms. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simplified domain transfer multiple kernel learning for language recognition

Distribution mismatch between training and test data can greatly deteriorate the performance of language recognition. Some effective methods for compensation have been proposed, such as nuisance attribute projection (NAP). In real-world applications, there are often sufficient training samples from a different domain and only a limited number of labeled training samples from target domain, performance of a system will be degraded and needs to be further improved. In this paper, we introduce transfer learning to solve this problem. We propose a novel transfer learning algorithm referred to as simplified domain transfer multiple kernel learning (SDTMKL). Our aim is to discover a good representation of feature space that minimizes the distribution mismatch between samples from the source and target domains. Robust models can be learned in this suitable feature space. Results on a NIST language recognition task show that the SDTMKL method is quite effective and can further improve system performance when combined with NAP.
RNA Interference based Approach to Down Regulate Osmoregulators of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci): Potential Technology for the Control of Whitefly

Over the past decade RNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a successful tool not only for functional genomics, but in planta expression of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that could offer great potential for insect pest management. The diet of insects feeding exclusively on phloem sieves contains water and sugars as main components, and the uptake of the liquid food greatly depends on the osmotic pressure within the insect body. Based on this physiological mechanism, transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum were generated expressing double stranded RNA (dsRNA) against both aquaporin (AQP) and a sucrase gene, alpha glucosidase (AGLU). These two genes are involved in osmotic pressure maintenance particularly in sap sucking insects, and the aim was to disrupt osmoregulation within the insect ultimately leading to mortality. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to assess the suppression of gene expression in Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci) and mortality was recorded during transgenic tobacco feeding bioassays. Feeding of insects on plants expressing dsRNA significantly reduced the transcript level of the target genes in B. tabaci after six days of feeding and more than 70% mortality was observed in B. tabaci fed on transgenic plants compared to the control plants. Our data shows that down-regulation of genes related to osmoregulation may find practical applications for the control of this important pest in cotton and other crops.
A self-managed predicate-based cache

Caching is used externally to DB systems to cache data retrieved from a DB in order to reduce delays associated with the network data transfer and to reduce the load on the DB servers. In-memory predicate caches manage data in units that are described by queries' predicates. A self-managed cache utilizes only information that it can garner from queries issued by the applications and replies from the server. We use multiple buffers in a self-managed memory predicate cache. Management of storage is performed using classification of queries based on their join predicates-each class of queries is assigned a separate buffer. We propose an allocation strategy to assign the limited memory space to the multiple buffers and evaluate the proposed scheme using the TPC-W benchmark.
Performance investigation of IEEE 802.11 MAC in multihop wireless networks

Medium access control (MAC) protocols have a large impact on the achievable system performance for wireless ad hoc networks. Because of the limitations of existing analytical models for ad hoc networks, many researchers have opted to study the impact of MAC protocols via discrete-event simulations. However, as the network scenarios, traffic patterns and physical layer techniques may change significantly, simulation alone is not efficient to get insights into the impacts of MAC protocols on system performance. In this paper, we analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) in multihop network scenario. We are particularly interested in understanding how physical layer techniques may affect the MAC protocol performance. For this purpose, the features of interference range is studied and taken into account of the analytical model. Simulations with OPNET show the effectiveness of the proposed analytical approach.
Relationship between Urinary Level of Phytate and Valvular Calcification in an Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pathological calcification generally consists of the formation of solid deposits of hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate) in soft tissues. Supersaturation is the thermodynamic driving force for crystallization, so it is believed that higher blood levels of calcium and phosphate increase the risk of cardiovascular calcification. However several factors can promote or inhibit the natural process of pathological calcification. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between physiological levels of urinary phytate and heart valve calcification in a population of elderly out subjects. A population of 188 elderly subjects (mean age: 68 years) was studied. Valve calcification was measured by echocardiography. Phytate determination was performed from a urine sample and data on blood chemistry, end-systolic volume, concomitant diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, medication usage and food were obtained. The study population was classified in three tertiles according to level of urinary phytate: low (<0.610 μM), intermediate (0.61–1.21 μM), and high (>1.21 μM). Subjects with higher levels of urinary phytate had less mitral annulus calcification and were less likely to have diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. In the multivariate analysis, age, serum phosphorous, leukocytes total count and urinary phytate excretion appeared as independent factors predictive of presence of mitral annulus calcification. There was an inverse correlation between urinary phytate content and mitral annulus calcification in our population of elderly out subjects. These results suggest that consumption of phytate-rich foods may help to prevent cardiovascular calcification evolution.
Rethinking Benchmarking for NVM-based File Systems

Fast, byte-addressable NVM promises near-cache latency and near memory bus throughput for file systems, which is evident by recent development of a number of NVM file systems (NVMFS). However, a key approach to measuring their performance, file system benchmarks, remains unchanged as those for disk-based file systems (DFS). In this paper, we analyze the pitfalls of using DFS benchmarks to evaluate NVMFS and propose several changes to existing DFS benchmarks to better characterize the performance of NVMFS.