Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can clinical features be used to differentiate type 1 from type 2 diabetes? A systematic review of the literature

Objective Clinicians predominantly use clinical features to differentiate type 1 from type 2 diabetes yet there are no evidence-based clinical criteria to aid classification of patients. Misclassification of diabetes is widespread (7–15% of cases), resulting in patients receiving inappropriate treatment. We sought to identify which clinical criteria could be used to discriminate type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review of all diagnostic accuracy studies published since 1979 using clinical criteria to predict insulin deficiency (measured by C-peptide). Data sources 14 databases including: MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process and EMBASE. The search strategy took the form of: (terms for diabetes) AND (terms for C-Peptide). Eligibility criteria Diagnostic accuracy studies of any routinely available clinical predictors against a reference standard of insulin deficiency defined by cut-offs of C-peptide concentrations. No restrictions on race, age, language or country of origin. Results 10 917 abstracts were screened, and 231 full texts reviewed. 11 studies met inclusion criteria, but varied by age, race, year and proportion of participants who were C-peptide negative. Age at diagnosis was the most discriminatory feature in 7/9 studies where it was assessed, with optimal cut-offs (>70% mean sensitivity and specificity) across studies being <30 years or <40 years. Use of/time to insulin treatment and body mass index (BMI) were also discriminatory. When combining features, BMI added little over age at diagnosis and/or time to insulin (<1% improvement in classification). Conclusions Despite finding only 11 studies, and considerable heterogeneity between studies, age at diagnosis and time to insulin were consistently the most discriminatory criteria. BMI, despite being widely used in clinical practice, adds little to these two criteria. The criteria identified are similar to the Royal College of General Practitioners National Health Service (RCGP/NHS) Diabetes classification guidelines, which use age at diagnosis <35 years and time to insulin <6 m. Until further studies are carried out, these guidelines represent a suitable classification scheme. Systematic review registration PROSPERO reference CRD42012001736.
Pooling the Convolutional Layers in Deep ConvNets for Action Recognition

Deep ConvNets have shown its good performance in image classification tasks. However it still remains as a problem in deep video representation for action recognition. The problem comes from two aspects: on one hand, current video ConvNets are relatively shallow compared with image ConvNets, which limits its capability of capturing the complex video action information; on the other hand, temporal information of videos is not properly utilized to pool and encode the video sequences. Towards these issues, in this paper, we utilize two state-of-the-art ConvNets, i.e., the very deep spatial net (VGGNet) and the temporal net from Two-Stream ConvNets, for action representation. The convolutional layers and the proposed new layer, called frame-diff layer, are extracted and pooled with two temporal pooling strategy: Trajectory pooling and line pooling. The pooled local descriptors are then encoded with VLAD to form the video representations. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct experiments on UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets. It achieves the accuracy of 93.78\% on UCF101 which is the state-of-the-art and the accuracy of 65.62\% on HMDB51 which is comparable to the state-of-the-art.
From Proletarian to Entrepreneur to Big Man: the Story of Noya1

The resemblances between Melanesian Big Men and capitalist entrepreneurs have long fascinated anthropologists. However, even though traditional leaders in Melanesian societies resemble entrepreneurs in certain respects they are motivated by different concerns. In this paper, I consider the career of Noya of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea to demonstrate the contrasts and confluences between the roles of big man and that of entrepreneur. Noya is neither a traditional big-man nor a pure capitalist, but has drawn selectively upon the logic of each in his drive to achieve promience. His life story provides insights into how big-men articulate with the capitalist world system.
Quantifying Poverty in Viet Nam: Who Counts?

Poverty surveys in Vietnam systematically exclude mobile people, particularly migrants in wage employment. The Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) and its predecessors sample from official population lists and thus leave out individuals lacking permanent residence status. Moreover, VHLSS overemphasizes expenditure data and omits critical information on labor market participation. The article presents results from a small survey of wage workers in VHLSS enumeration areas. The study demonstrates that unregistered wage workers are numerous and likely underrepresented in official surveys. More information is needed on these workers if we are to understand poverty dynamics in Vietnam.
Defending a cosmopolitanism without illusions. Reply to my critics

This essay engages with several critiques of my project a ‘cosmopolitanism without illusions. ’ Who is the subject of rights? What are the objects of rights? Is there a distinction between human and moral rights? Furthermore, what is prior in this cosmopolitan account: democracy or human rights? Do democratic iterations exhaust the meaning of principles of rights? Finally, does the ‘scarf affair’ really signify the return of ‘political theology’ or have not such disputes always accompanied secularization and modernity? I argue that moral rights comprise more than human rights and that non-human beings such as animals can have moral rights claims against us. Democratic iterations and rights complement one another; neither is prior and that although debates about religion and secularization have been endemic to modernity, the return of references to Carl Schmitt’s ‘political theology’ is rather new.
Strategic Responses to the Police Among Inner-City Youth

Research on police–citizen relations is largely focused on how police officers treat citizens, with much less attention given to how citizens behave toward officers. Several studies report that citizens' demeanor affects the way they are treated by police, but researchers have neglected the larger question of how citizens manage their contacts with officers more generally, outside the parameters of face-to-face encounters. The question is particularly salient for young males living in high-crime, inner-city neighborhoods—many of whom have frequent, negative contacts with or observations of the police. This article examines the contours of the youths' strategic responses to the police, drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in disadvantaged neighborhoods in St. Louis. Our analysis draws on Hirschman's framework of exit, voice, and loyalty as options available to individuals when dealing with problematic organizations.
The contribution of suilysin to the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis meningitis.

BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and causes sepsis and meningitis in humans. Although sequence type (ST) 1 and ST104 strains are capable of causing sepsis, ST1 strains commonly cause meningitis. In this study, we investigated the role of suilysin, a member of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, in differential pathogenicity between ST1 and ST104 strains. METHODS The levels of transcription and translation of the sly gene and messenger RNA of both ST strains were compared by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Survival rates and bacterial densities in brain were compared between mice infected with wild-type and sly-knockout ST1 strain. ST104 infections with or without complementation of suilysin were also assessed. RESULTS The amounts of suilysin produced by ST1 strains were much higher than those produced by ST104 strains. Lower production of suilysin by ST104 strains were attributed to the attenuated sly gene expression, which seemed to be associated with 2 nucleotide insertions in sly promoter region. Furthermore, suilysin contributed to the higher bacterial density and enhanced inflammation in brain and increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our data may explain why ST1 strains, but not ST104 strains, commonly cause meningitis and also suggest the contribution of suilysin to the pathogenesis of meningitis in humans.
SLEDs: Storage Latency Estimation Descriptors

Managing the latency of storage systems is a key to creating effective very large scale information systems, such as web interfaces to satellite image databases and video-on-demand servers. Storage Latency Estimation Descriptors (SLEDs) are architecture-independent descriptions of the retrieval time of a unit of data. They describe the latency to the first byte, and the bandwidth expected. SLEDs are an important enabling technology for true end-to-end quality of service (QoS) because they can be used to predict and schedule data transfer with multimedia (guaranteed I/O rate) file systems. SLEDs provide the interface that allows database management systems (DBMS) and clients of hierarchical storage management (HSM) systems to optimize their data access patterns by choosing to read data in specific sequences or not at all. SLEDs are designed to work in intra-machine, local-area network (LAN) and wide-area network (WAN) storage systems, and to scale through twelve orders of magnitude in latency, from thousands of seconds down to nanoseconds.
Health consequences of differences in emotional processing and reactivity following the 1997 earthquake in Central Italy

The aim of the investigation was to assess the effects of individual differences in emotional processing on health outcomes in persons experiencing the 1997 earthquake in Central Italy. Thirty-nine subjects were examined one month after the event with Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Impact of Event Scale (IES) and a short interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and scored for Referential Activity (RA), reflecting 'translation' of non-verbal activation into language. Six months after initial assessment, subjects reported their health in that period. Each subject's report was rated on three health dimensions: Sickness, how physically sick a subject was; distress, how emotionally distressed a subject was; illness behaviour, how often a subject went to see the doctor. Multiple regressions were performed: TAS-20 predicted sickness, IES total predicted distress, while both age and RA predicted illness behaviour. Different parallel levels emerge from the data: a 'here and now' level, linking an intrusive and/or avoidant reaction to the earthquake with subjective distress; a 'deeper', 'structural' level linking a trait difficulty in regulating emotions with the occurrence of actual physical disease. The positive correlation of RA with illness behaviour may be interpreted as an index of general activation of a capacity to seek help.
Gypsum Overgrowths Passivate Calcite to Acid Attack

The dissolution of calcite (CaCO3) in aqueous solution at pH below ca. 5-6 is known to proceed via the direct reaction of protons at the solid surface. However, exposure of the mineral to sulfuric acid is shown to lead to the rapid formation of an overlayer of calcium sulfate (gypsum) which completely passivates the surface against further reaction and dissolution. The overlayer is nucleated instantaneously on CaCO3 surfaces. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy show that strongly adherent overgrowths are encouraged by a lattice matching between the cleavage (211) plane of calcite and the (010) plane of CaSO4·2H2O.
A highly modular 77-GHz FMCW radar sensor prototype for multi target tracking applications

77-GHz radars are becoming more and more important for automotive applications. In this contribution a 77-GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar prototype is presented. The prototype is based on highly modular building blocks for both, the hardware as well as the software. This modular design offers an incredible flexibility for testing different components. The resolvability of multi target scenarios by a Kalman tracking filter is supported by using ramp sequences where each chirp has a different ramp slope. Measurements with the FMCW radar sensor are carried out in an automotive environment.
Identification of miR‐374a as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer proven by the poor survival and high relapse rates after surgery. Recently discovered microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, play a crucial role in modulating gene expression networks and are directly involved in the progression of a number of human cancers. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of 858 miRNAs in 38 Estonian nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples (Stage I and II) and 27 adjacent nontumorous tissue samples using Illumina miRNA arrays. We found that 39 miRNAs were up‐regulated and 33 down‐regulated significantly in tumors compared with normal lung tissue. We observed aberrant expression of several well‐characterized tumorigenesis‐related miRNAs, as well as a number of miRNAs whose function is currently unknown. We show that low expression of miR‐374a in early‐stage NSCLC is associated with poor patient survival. The combinatorial effect of the up‐ and down‐regulated miRNAs is predicted to most significantly affect pathways associated with cell migration, differentiation and growth, and several signaling pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that expression of miR‐374a at early stages of NSCLC progression can serve as a prognostic marker for patient risk stratification and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grid Resources Prediction with Support Vector Regression and Particle Swarm Optimization

Accurate grid resources prediction is crucial for a grid scheduler. In this study, support vector regression (SVR), which is an effective regression algorithm, is applied to grid resource prediction. In order to obtain better prediction performance, SVR’s parameters must be selected carefully. Therefore, a particle swarm optimization-based SVR (PSO-SVR) model, in which PSO is used to determine free parameters of SVR, is presented in this study. The hybrid model (PSO-SVR) can automatically determine the parameters of SVR with higher predictive accuracy and generalization ability simultaneously. The performance of PSO-SVR, the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and the traditional SVR model whose parameters are obtained by trail-and-error procedure (T-SVR) have been compared with benchmark data set. Experimental results indicate that the PSO-SVR model can achieve higher predictive accuracy than the other two models.
Trauma and the effects of violence exposure and abuse on children: A review of the literature

Abstract A number of studies examining violence exposure in the passeveral years have been successful in linking physical abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, and community violence exposure to a wide variety of physiological, emotional, and behavioral problems manifested in short‐term, mid‐term, and long‐term effects. The literature on the effects of physical and sexual abuse is older than the research on children's exposure to domestic violence, which is a decade older than the research on the effects of community violence exposure on children. Despite the differences between the types of violence to which children are exposed, there are significantly similar findings, which point to a link between violence exposure and traumatization.
The Specific Needs of Adults Who Are Gifted.

The gifted adult often needs help just as much as the gifted child. Investigation of a small sample of gifted aduits presented some disturbing possibilities which merit investigation. Out of 24 gifted adults, 16 had contemplated suicide and gone so far as to devise a means. Half of these 16 people had made at least one suicide attempt. This article illustrates how the problems of being a gifted child can be taken into adult life.
ZAME: Interactive Large-Scale Graph Visualization

We present the zoomable adjacency matrix explorer (ZAME), a visualization tool for exploring graphs at a scale of millions of nodes and edges. ZAME is based on an adjacency matrix graph representation aggregated at multiple scales. It allows analysts to explore a graph at many levels, zooming and panning with interactive performance from an overview to the most detailed views. Several components work together in the ZAME tool to make this possible. Efficient matrix ordering algorithms group related elements. Individual data cases are aggregated into higher-order meta-representations. Aggregates are arranged into a pyramid hierarchy that allows for on-demand paging to GPU shader programs to support smooth multiscale browsing. Using ZAME, we are able to explore the entire French Wikipedia - over 500,000 articles and 6,000,000 links - with interactive performance on standard consumer-level computer hardware.
Ferritoid, a Tissue-specific Nuclear Transport Protein for Ferritin in Corneal Epithelial Cells*

Previously we reported that ferritin in corneal epithelial (CE) cells is a nuclear protein that protects DNA from UV damage. Since ferritin is normally cytoplasmic, in CE cells, a mechanism must exist that effects its nuclear localization. We have now determined that this involves a nuclear transport molecule we have termed ferritoid. Ferritoid is specific for CE cells and is developmentally regulated. Structurally, ferritoid contains multiple domains, including a functional SV40-type nuclear localization signal and a ferritin-like region of ∼50% similarity to ferritin itself. This latter domain is likely responsible for the interaction between ferritoid and ferritin detected by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. To test functionally whether ferritoid is capable of transporting ferritin into the nucleus, we performed cotransfections of COS-1 cells with constructs for ferritoid and ferritin. Consistent with the proposed nuclear transport function for ferritoid, co-transfections with full-length constructs for ferritoid and ferritin resulted in a preferential nuclear localization of both molecules; this was not observed when the nuclear localization signal of ferritoid was deleted. Moreover, since ferritoid is structurally similar to ferritin, it may be an example of a nuclear transporter that evolved from the molecule it transports (ferritin).
IFF YOU WANT ME, I DON'T WANT YOU

The usual assumption in models of asymmetric information is that I know my attributes and you do not. But sometimes the asymmetry seems to be reversed: You (a woman, a firm) know better than I (a man, a job applicant) my market value. This may result in a dilemma because equilibrium strategies may be described by the title of this paper. (Iff means: if and only if.) The result resembles the “No-Trade-Theorem” of Milgrom and Stokey (1982) but cannot be derived from it.
Tubal sterilization--review of methods.

Methods available for female tubal sterilization are reviewed. The development of endoscopic equipment and special cannulae has permitted a variety of approaches to female sterilization. Laparotomy which requires a large abdominal incision has been replaced by minilaparotomy (small abdominal incision) laparoscopy (abdominal puncture) colpotomy and culdoscopy (vaginal approach) or hysteroscopy (transcervical approach). Procedures reviewed involving tubal ligation include simple ligation the Madlener technique the Irving technique the Wood technique salpingectomy the Pomeroy technique fimbriectomy cornual resection and the Uchida technique. Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic fulguration tubal occlusion with tantalum clips spring-loaded clips plastic clips and the falope ring plugs chemical tubal occlusion (quinacrine silver nitrate silastic methyl 1-2-cyanoacrylate gelatin-resorcinol-formalde hyde) and experimental methods such as fimbriectomy and carbon dioxide laser are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are outlined. Endoscopic techniques generally require more skill and training than other techniques while transcervical approaches are considered to be in the experimental stage. Electrocautery and some chemical methods are more likely to damage structures adjacent to the tubes than other methods. Infection occurs more frequently with vaginal methods than abdominal methods. Morbidity is more frequently associated with ligation techniques than those in which the continuity of the tube is maintained. Anastomosis is most successful in cases of tubal ligation though a full assessment of plugs in this respect has not been done.
Visual metaphors for semantic cultural heritage

During the last decade, cultural heritage has moved toward the encoding of information in semantic format. Ontologies make the description of artworks clearer, unambiguous and often self-explanatory, with advantages in terms of interoperability. In cultural heritage, the current shift toward semantic encoding opens the way to the creation of interfaces that allow the users to orientate themselves easily in media repositories through a visual representation of their properties and relationships. In order to illustrate this approach, we describe a case study in ontologies and visualization for cultural heritage, Labyrinth. In Labyrinth, the user is immersed in a 3D labyrinth where turning points and paths represent a set of cultural artifacts and the semantic relations holding among them.
Monocyte-Derived Interleukin-10 Depresses the Bordetella pertussis- Specific Gamma Interferon Response in Vaccinated Infants

ABSTRACT Antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been demonstrated to participate in protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. Circulating mononuclear cells from B. pertussis-infected and from pertussis-vaccinated infants secrete high amounts of IFN-γ after in vitro stimulation by B. pertussis antigens, but with a large variation in the secreted IFN-γ levels between individuals. We show here that the inhibition of the specific IFN-γ response can be at least partially attributed to IL-10 secretion by monocytes. This IL-10 secretion was not associated with polymorphisms at positions −1082, −819, and −592 of the IL-10 gene promoter, suggesting that other genetic or environmental factors affect IL-10 expression and secretion.
On The Verification of Sequential Machines at Differing Levels of Abstraction

In this paper, an algorithm is presented for the verification of the equivalence of two sequential circuit descriptions at the same or differing levels of abstraction, namely at the register-transfer (RT) level and the logic level. The descriptions represent general finite automata at the differing levels -- a finite automaton can be described in a ISP-like language and its equivalence to a logic level implementation can be verified using our algorithm. Two logic level automatons can be similarly verified for equivalence. Previous approaches to sequential circuit verification have been restricted to verifying relatively simple descriptions with small amounts of memory. Unlike these approaches, our technique is shown to be computationally efficient for much more complex circuits. The efficiency of our algorithm lies in the exploitation of don't care information derivable from the RTL or logic level description (e.g invalid input and output sequences) during the verification process. Using efficient cube enumeration procedures at the logic level we have been able to verify the equivalence of finite automata with a large number of states in small amounts of cpu-time.