Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rupture characteristics of major and great (Mw  ≥ 7.0) megathrust earthquakes from 1990 to 2015: 1. Source parameter scaling relationships

Source parameter scaling for major and great thrust‐faulting events on circum‐Pacific megathrusts is examined using uniformly processed finite‐fault inversions and radiated energy estimates for 114 Mw ≥ 7.0 earthquakes. To address the limited resolution of source spatial extent and rupture expansion velocity (Vr) from teleseismic observations, the events are subdivided into either group 1 (18 events) having independent constraints on Vr from prior studies or group 2 (96 events) lacking independent Vr constraints. For group 2, finite‐fault inversions with Vr = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 km/s are performed. The product Vr3ΔσE, with stress drop ΔσE calculated for the slip distribution in the inverted finite‐fault models, is very stable for each event across the suite of models considered. It has little trend with Mw, although there is a baseline shift to low values for large tsunami earthquakes. Source centroid time (Tc) and duration (Td), measured from the finite‐fault moment rate functions vary systematically with the cube root of seismic moment (M0), independent of assumed Vr. There is no strong dependence on magnitude or Vr for moment‐scaled radiated energy (ER/M0) or apparent stress (σa). ΔσE averages ~4 MPa, with direct trade‐off between Vr and estimated stress drop but little dependence on Mw. Similar behavior is found for radiation efficiency (ηR). We use Vr3ΔσE and Tc/M01/3 to explore variation of stress drop, Vr and radiation efficiency, along with finite‐source geometrical factors. Radiation efficiency tends to decrease with average slip for these very large events, and fracture energy increases steadily with slip.
Combining Josephson systems for pure AC waveforms with large amplitudes

In this paper the combination of a programmable Josephson voltage standard and a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer is discussed with the aim of generating spectrally pure, quantum based waveforms with amplitudes larger than 1 V. A first proof-of-principle experiment has achieved 100 dBc suppression of higher harmonics for a sinewave with 50-mV amplitude.
Sintering of printed nanoparticle structures using laser treatment

Printed intelligence is a promising new technology to produce low-cost electronics. Non-conductive circuits can be printed using nanoscale metal particle inks. Due to the nanoscale size of the particles, the typical sintering temperatures of 100–300 °C are only a fraction of the macroscopic melting point of the corresponding materials, thus allowing the use of paper or plastic substrates.Sintering of printed nanoparticle structures using laser treatment has been investigated at VTT. Laser sintering can be utilized in manufacturing of printed conductor structures such as antennas, circuits and sensors. A drop-on demand printer was used to print patterns with metallo-organic silver nanoparticles on a flexible polyimide substrate. Laser sintering was made with a 940 nm CW fiber coupled diode laser. Process was optimized using different laser power levels, line separation and repetition rounds. Conductivity of laser sintered samples was compared to conductivity of samples sintered in convection oven.Printed intelligence is a promising new technology to produce low-cost electronics. Non-conductive circuits can be printed using nanoscale metal particle inks. Due to the nanoscale size of the particles, the typical sintering temperatures of 100–300 °C are only a fraction of the macroscopic melting point of the corresponding materials, thus allowing the use of paper or plastic substrates.Sintering of printed nanoparticle structures using laser treatment has been investigated at VTT. Laser sintering can be utilized in manufacturing of printed conductor structures such as antennas, circuits and sensors. A drop-on demand printer was used to print patterns with metallo-organic silver nanoparticles on a flexible polyimide substrate. Laser sintering was made with a 940 nm CW fiber coupled diode laser. Process was optimized using different laser power levels, line separation and repetition rounds. Conductivity of laser sintered samples was compared to conductivity of samples sintered in convection oven.
How global strategies emerge: an attention perspective

Most prior research in the field of global strategy focuses on what choices executives make to build the competitive advantage of a firm, from setting up activities in different locations to coordinating the linkages between them. In this article, we shift the emphasis to how global strategies emerge in a firm by studying the processes through which top executive attention is channeled and structured. Building on the attention-based view of the firm, we develop hypotheses linking aspects of the firm's operating environment and its internal organization to its international attention—the time and effort HQ executives invest in activities, communications, and discussions aimed at improving their understanding of the global marketplace. Using primary data collected from 134 firms across a large spectrum of industries, we test and find support for our arguments.
Empirical Study on Stock Incentive and Performance of High-tech Enterprise——Based on panel data of Listed Information Technology Enterprises in China

Through an empirical research on the relationship between high-tech enterprise's stock incentives and corporate performance,this paper verifies the cubic curve between the two by selecting samples of representative information technology listed companies and using panel data and random effect model in 2007—2009.When the executive shareholding ratio below 20.34% and above 49.70%,corporate performance and executive shareholding ratio are positively related;when executive shareholding proportion in(20.34%,49.70%) interval,corporate performance and executive shareholding are negatively related.So this paper suggests that,in order to promote the performance,enterprises should implemented equity incentive reasonably according to their own characteristics and development.
The BJP's return to power: mobilisation, conversion and vote swing in the 2014 Indian elections

Using constituency-level data, the article examines the BJP's vote swing at the State and Constituency level in India. Drawing on theories of electoral realignment, I examine the BJP's performance at the constituency level and investigate the extent to which the party drew voters from other parties (particularly Congress), mobilised new voters (via increased turnout), and appealed to the newly enfranchised (via increases in the size of the electoral roll). The results of the analysis show that the key to the BJP's success was its ability to mobilise new voters in places where it had previously not fared so well.
Complementary theories to supply chain management revisited – from borrowing theories to theorizing

Purpose Supply chain management (SCM) suffers as well as benefits from a ‘conceptual slack’. The aim of this paper is to identify ways by which the theorizing of SCM takes place, with particular attention to complementary theories. Design/methodology/approach The nature of SCM is discussed, and the role and relevance of theorizing is addressed by using key characteristics of ‘academic scholarship’ based on a literature review of SCM and evaluation of application of theory and theory development. Findings The integrative and multi-layered nature of SCM sets the conditions for ‘theorizing SCM’ that can take place through various forms: theory application, new theoretical combinations, and sensitivity to managerial practice. It is pivotal that future research explore further the performative potential of SCM. Research limitations/implications Research with focus on theory development or using complementary theories to advancing understanding of SCM can benefit from the five building blocks of theorizing SCM proposed in the paper. Practical implications Theoretical principles in SCM are not only used to describe practical problems, but also used to ‘produce the world’; supply chains can be seen as organizational units that act or consummate an action that delivers a particular performance. Originality/value We portray SCM sensitivity to managerial challenges by moving from borrowing to a more bilateral view on theorizing of SCM, reflecting the nature of SCM.
Design, fabrication, and performance analysis of MEMS mirror with sidewall electrodes

A novel 2 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) mirror with sidewall electrodes is presented. The paper analyzes the effects of the serpentine torsion bar width, and bottom electrodes and sidewall electrodes on the performance of the mirror. A new fabrication process based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and a high aspect-ratio shadow mask is presented. In comparison to the previous fabrication process and the Optical iMEMS process, the presented process is novel, simple and easy to be realized. Static and dynamic experiments indicate MEMS mirror with sidewall electrodes can realize the large scanning angle under low drive voltage. This mirror is well-suited for application where large linear angular scan at a low driving voltage is required.
Real-time mixes: a bandwidth-efficient anonymity protocol

We present techniques for efficient anonymous communication with real-time constraints as necessary for services like telephony, where a continuous data stream has to be transmitted. For concreteness, we present the detailed protocols for the narrow-band ISDN (integrated services digital network), although the heart of our techniques-anonymous channels-can also be applied to other networks. For ISDN, we achieve the same data rate as without anonymity, using the same subscriber lines and without any significant modifications to the long-distance network. A precise performance analysis is given. Our techniques are based on mixes, a method for anonymous communication for e-mail-like services introduced by D. Chaum (1981).
Customer Based Brand Equity in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry in India

This study identifies the significant antecedents of brand equity for the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in India (hereafter referred as FMCG in the paper). The study is based on the conceptualization of brand equity by Aaker (1991). Data was collected from 826 FMCG consumers in five major cities in India. Correlation and regression analysis were used for arriving at inferences. Findings indicated that consumer based brand equity for FMCG consists of four dimensions – brand association, brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand awareness. Brand association was by far the most important source of brand equity and the brand awareness had the least effect. While many studies have identified the importance of brand equity dimensions for individual products and services, few have tested the model with FMCG companies. Findings provide implications for brand managers to manage the brand equity of the Indian FMCG brands.
Strategic types, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance: A multiple measures‐based study

A new, multi-item scale for operationalizing Miles and Snow's (1978) strategic typology— defenders, prospectors, analyzers, and reactors—is proposed and field-tested in this paper. Relatively pure strategic types, identified as those organizations classified similarly using both the newly developed, multi-item scale and the traditionally employed paragraph approach, are used to analyze the relationship between strategic types, distinctive marketing competencies, and organizational performance. Results of analysis suggest that while the marketing competencies of prospector organizations are superior to those of analyzer, defender, and reactor organizations, all three stable archetypes perform equally well in terms of profitability and outperform reactors. The newly developed strategic types scale performs well and appears to possess significant managerial and research potential. It is theoretically anchored, easily administered, and possesses diagnostic value to both strategists and their organizations.
Liquidity Risk in the Corporate Bond Markets

A great deal of work has focused on market microstructure, but relatively little work has been devoted to the study of risk associated with liquidity. The work that has been done has almost exclusively focused on US equities - primarily because that market is fairly liquid and therefore data is plentiful. However, because that market is liquid, the empirical results been mixed. For our work, we use a unique database of US corporate bond transactions and holdings. Because the corporate bond market is several orders of magnitude more illiquid than the equity market, this seems a much more appropriate setting to study the effects of illiquidity. To get around the problem of a lack of trading (and therefore data), we construct a new measure of liquidity which does not require trading. Using this measure, we show that not only is liquidity risk priced, but that the effects of liquidity risk are quite pervasive and need to be controlled for carefully when doing virtually any analysis of security returns.
Corporate Responsibility Practices in Engineering Consultancies

Abstract This paper aims to identify the current level of adoption of some common CR practices in the largest global construction and engineering consultancies drawn predominantly from the UK and USA. The paper begins by outlining the benefits of CR and its role within modern business before taking a look at the current literature available on CR applied to the construction industry. Using content analysis of annual reports, corporate websites and other corporate communications, a summary of current practices has been identified and compared with recent studies of global trends and best practices. It is clear that the organisations considered are aware of the CR agenda with widespread adoption, but they have some way to go before catching up with the global leaders. They need to expand the range of issues considered, be more transparent and accountable in their reporting and find new ways to improve their CR performance.
Short Sellers' Trading on Anomalies

We study arbitrageurs specializing in the shorting of seemingly overpriced securities. Contrary to popular accounts that the convexity in fee structure utilized in the hedge fund industry encourages managers to take on risk, our evidence suggests that short arbitrageurs shy away from risk and prefer low-risk, high-return strategies that have weak correlations with other strategies. Correspondingly, we present evidence that short arbitrageurs act in an informed and market-stabilizing manner.
Constant infusion and bolus injection of stable-label tracer give reproducible and comparable fasting HGO.

We have investigated the reproducibility of fasting hepatic glucose output (HGO) estimates by use of isotope dilution methodology of stable-label tracers. Six normal subjects were studied on two occasions 1 wk apart. After an overnight fast, the subjects received a bolus injection of 7 mg/kg of [U-13C]glucose and, simultaneously, a primed constant infusion of 0.05 mg.kg-1.min-1 of [6,6(-2)H]glucose. The bolus injection provided one estimate of HGO (HGOBOL), and the constant infusion provided two estimates of HGO, namely, HGO at 2 h (HGOINF2) and HGO at 4 h (HGOINF4), both with the assumption of steady-state conditions. All estimates were similar in value; HGOBOL was highest, followed by HGOINF2 and HGOINF4 [2.30 +/- 0.11 (SE), 2.17 +/- 0.12, and 2.01 +/- 0.13 mg.kg-1.min-1]. The constant infusion gave highly reproducible results. In the case of HGOINF2, the within-subject coefficient of variation (CV) was only 3% compared with 5% of HGOINF4. The reproducibility of HGOBOL was comparable with the within-subject CV of 7%. We conclude that a constant infusion and a bolus injection of stable-label tracer give reproducible and comparable estimates of HGO.
The Influencing Factors and Urban-Rural Differences in the Behavior of Household Risky Assets Holding in China

Currently,it is a critical period of economic transition for China.With the imbalance of economic development and the urban-rural income gap, China's financial industry shows strong characteristics of dual economic structure,which lies in a series of huge differences,such as those within financial development,financial products and the proportion of risky assets held by residents between urban and rural areas.This paper explores the influencing factors on the proportion of risky assets held by the urban and rural households in China by using original survey data from the China Household Finance Survey on 7331 households in 2011.Econometric results confirm that the demand for income,risk preferences,social security,family size,age and other factors exert significant impact on the proportion of household risky assets holdings,and that there is a significant difference between urban and rural household risky asset holdings.In addition,this paper offers proposals and suggestions to governments,and financial institutions.
Acupuncture helps regain postoperative consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury: a case study.

OBJECTIVE This report of one case illustrates the potential effect of acupuncture therapy in addition to Western medicine for regaining postoperative consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). CLINICAL FEATURES A 65-year-old man experienced a TBI after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. His initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was E1V1M2, and brain computerized tomography showed a right-sided subdural hemorrhage. He received emergency medical treatment and underwent craniotomy to remove the lacerated portions of brain as well as subtemporal decompression, followed by a decompressive craniectomy the following day to remove an intracerebral hematoma due to late-onset temporo-parietal rebleeding. Twelve days after surgery, the patient remained in poor condition due to serious complications and the GCS was E2VeM4. His family then underwent counseling and he subsequently received acupuncture treatment. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME This patient was treated with acupuncture three times each week, consisting of strong stimulation at GV26 (Shuigou) and the 12 Well points using the half-needling technique. After 3 weeks of consecutive treatment, his GCS score improved to E4VtM6. In addition, he regained consciousness and could tolerate rehabilitation programs. CONCLUSIONS We believe that an experienced physician may use acupuncture as complementary therapy in patients with TBI who fail to regain consciousness postoperatively.
Developing customer loyalty from e‐tail store image attributes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate e‐tail store attributes that develop customers' positive perceptions of e‐tail store image, and determines whether or not they develop a sense of loyalty to an e‐tailer.Design/methodology/approach – Acknowledging the importance of customer retention, this paper is designed to examine e‐customer loyalty intentions toward the e‐tailer. To understand the concept of loyalty toward an e‐tailer, this study focuses on the importance of the final stage of the customer decision‐making process: post‐purchase evaluation. This paper develops a model that describes the extent to which e‐tail store image (derived from a set of e‐tail store attributes) indicates patronage intentions and finally predicts customer loyalty. We use the structural equation modeling to test the model and hypotheses.Findings – Results in this paper indicate that e‐tail store image is derived from e‐merchandise, e‐service, and e‐shopping atmosphere attributes, all of which support the way co.
Performing market segmentation: a performative perspective

Abstract Conceptualising market segmentation as performative enhances our knowledge of how marketing frameworks shape marketing practice. Our study addresses the criticism that how marketing is accomplished in practice has yet to be fully articulated. We therefore address the question: ‘How does a market segmentation process emerge in an organisation and what causes it to materialise in this way? ’ By constructing market segmentation as performative, we are able to draw insight into the relationships that marketing theories, models, ideas and techniques have with marketing practice. Our longitudinal study allows us to discern four sets of actions organisations can experience as their actors attempt to adopt and adapt a marketing process to the complexities of practice; these are establishing legitimacy, theory embodiment, contextualisation and maintaining the process.
Information or Persuasion? An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Advertising on Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality Using Panel Data

We investigate the dominant role of advertising - whether it provides information or changes consumers' brand perceptions - for a wide range of product categories. For the empirical analysis, we assembled a panel data set that combines annual brand-level advertising expenditures for over three hundred brands with measures of brand awareness and perceived quality from a large-scale consumer survey. Advertising is modeled as a dynamic investment in a brand's stocks of awareness and perceived quality and we ask how such an investment changes brand awareness and quality perceptions. Our panel data allow us to control for unobserved heterogeneity across brands and to identify the effect of advertising from the time-series variation within brands. They also allow us to account for the endogeneity of advertising through recently developed dynamic panel data estimation techniques. We find that advertising has consistently a significant positive effect on brand awareness but no significant effect on perceived quality.
Predictive Models for Public Safety Using Social Network Analysis

Crime reduction and prevention is the major concern of law enforcement agencies in order to increase public safety, reduce the crime costs to society and protect the personal integrity and property of citizens. Along with big data analytics, predictive policing which is a new paradigm for crime analysis has been emerging. An important task in predictive policing is analyzing the relationships between offenders to fully understand the criminal collaboration patterns. Law enforcement agencies have long realized the importance of analyzing co-offending networks, networks of offenders who have committed crimes together, for designing prevention and intervention strategies. Despite the importance of co-offending network analysis for public safety, computational methods for analyzing large-scale criminal networks are rather premature. In this research, we study co-offending network analysis as effective tool assisting predictive policing. We start with a formal representation of crime data and co-offending networks to bridge the conceptual gap between abstract crime data level and co-offending network mining. To gain a better understanding of co-offending networks we thoroughly study their structural properties. Specifically, how centrality measures can be employed to identify key players of co-offending networks to disrupt these networks. Then, we propose an algorithmic solution for detecting organized crime groups from a social network analysis perspective. We explore predicting criminal collaborations from two angles. First, given partial information about offenders involved in a crime incident, our proposed approach assists in investigating the most probable suspects in that incident. Second, we propose a supervised learning framework for co-offence prediction. Finally, we propose a random walk based method for crime location prediction which is personalized for every offender by using spatial information about offenders and the co-offending networks structure. The efficacy of the proposed methods are experimentally evaluated using a large crime dataset representing five years of police arrest-data for the regions of the Province of British Columbia which are policed by the RCMP, and compared to other existing methods.