Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pharmacology of Kidney and Inner Ear CLC-K Chloride Channels

CLC-K channels belong to the CLC gene family, which comprises both Cl− channels and Cl−/H+ antiporters. They form homodimers which additionally co-assemble with the small protein barttin. In the kidney, they are involved in NaCl reabsorption; in the inner ear they are important for endolymph production. Mutations in CLC-Kb lead to renal salt loss (Bartter's syndrome); mutations in barttin lead additionally to deafness. CLC-K channels are interesting potential drug targets. CLC-K channel blockers have potential as alternative diuretics, whereas CLC-K activators could be used for the treatment of patients with Bartter's syndrome. Several small organic acids inhibit CLC-K channels from the outside by binding to a site in the external vestibule of the ion conducting pore. Benzofuran derivatives with affinities better than 10 μM have been discovered. Niflumic acid (NFA) exhibits a complex interaction with CLC-K channels. Below ∼1 mM, NFA activates CLC-Ka, whereas at higher concentrations NFA inhibits channel activity. The co-planarity of the rings of the NFA molecule is essential for its activating action. Mutagenesis has led to the identification of potential regions of the channel that interact with NFA. CLC-K channels are also modulated by pH and [Ca2+]ext. The inhibition at low pH has been shown to be mediated by a His-residue at the beginning of helix Q, the penultimate transmembrane helix. Two acidic residues from opposite subunits form two symmetrically related intersubunit Ca2+ binding sites, whose occupation increases channel activity. The relatively high affinity CLC-K blockers may already serve as leads for the development of useful drugs. On the other hand, the CLC-K potentiator NFA has a quite low affinity, and, being a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can be expected to exert significant side effects. More specific and more potent activators will be needed and it will be important to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie NFA activation.
Performance evaluation and capacity analysis for IDMA-based satellite communication system

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing multiple access methods in satellite networks, IDMA technique is introduced into satellite communication networks in this paper. IDMA is a multiple access scheme based on CDMA and it supports multiple users with low multiuser detection complexity and provides more and better service for users with limited resources. In the existing literature, the performance of IDMA is mainly evaluated in AWGN channels, while this paper establishes a simulation model of IDMA-based satellite communication system, and then derives the expression of system capacity by taking the mobile satellite communication channels into consideration. Analysis and simulation results show that IDMA method leads to better BER performance and higher capacity than CDMA method in satellite communication environment, illustrating a new solution to next-generation satellite communication systems.
Signature Analysis of UDP Streams for Intrusion Detection using Data Mining Algorithms

— with the increased use of internet for a wide range of activity from simple data search to online commercial transactions, securing the network is extremely important for any organization. Intrusion detection becomes extremely important to secure the network. Conventional techniques for intrusion detection have been successfully deployed, but predictive action can help in protecting the system in the long run. Data mining techniques are being increasingly used to study the data streams and good results have been achieved over time. In this paper we propose to extract unique signatures from UDP data stream, apply existing mining techniques and compare results. We have used the KDD cup 1999 dataset which contains a wide variety of intrusion attacks simulated in a military environment.
Two-dimensional diversity with serial concatenation of spectral precoding and DSTBC

Much attention has been paid to higher frequency (HF) radio communication providing large capacity. As well, maintaining its communication quality is one of the crucial issues, and diversity approaches should be effective ways in terms of physical layer. Differential Space-Time Block Coding (DSTBC), which is a spatial diversity strategy, has robustness against phase noise serious in a HF band. Employing less receiving antennas is required to establish reasonable systems although multiple receiving antennas can improve the quality. Therefore, we try to obtain a frequency diversity effect instead by applying spectral precoding which exploits abundant frequency resources of a HF band, in addition to DSTBC. In this paper, we propose two-dimensional diversity scheme which is concatenation of spectral precoding and corrected DSTBC to compensate an imbalance of equivalent noise variances between subcarriers. The performance evaluation using computer simulations reveals that the proposed solution yields the performance gain up to 4dB at BER=10−4 compared to simple DSTBC. Afterwards, we also examine the performance when applying error correction code, and indicate that applicability of spectral precoding is dependent on the coding rate.
Iris recognition using Dynamic Programming Matching Pursuit

In this paper, we propose a new method named dynamic programming based matching pursuit algorithm for iris-based personal identification. Based on the matching pursuit algorithm, it selects the most representative path to do iris recognition. Our system consists of identification and verification. Finally, we use the experimental results to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method and show that it attains a better ROC curve and faster speed than the conventional matching pursuit based iris recognition system.
Implications of adjustment of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the letter published in September by Apple and Jaffe regarding the recent adjustment to the calibration of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT)1 assay (1). The authors raised several important questions regarding the clinical implications of this assay recalibration and pointed out that no correlation studies had been performed for the earlier and new reagent lots. Although we received no information from Roche Diagnostics in France, we observed a shift in the distribution of troponin T concentrations in our university hospital laboratory when we used new reagent lot 167650 instead of lot 164776. Indeed, the overall percentage of the results below the limit of detection (LoD) (<5 ng/L) decreased from 22.7% (from May 1 to June 15, 2012; n = 3696) to 5.8% (from June 20 to July 30, 2012; n = 3097), and the median reported concentration increased from 25.3 ng/L to 29.8 ng/L. We thus decided to measure hs-cTnT with the former and recalibrated lots (lot numbers 164776 and 167650, respectively) in samples available from a cohort of 311 elderly patients [median (interquartile range), 81.5 years (75.8–84.9 years)]. These …
Building Reconstruction by Target Based Graph Matching on Incomplete Laser Data: Analysis and Limitations

With the increasing point densities provided by airborne laser scanner (ALS) data the requirements on derived products also increase. One major application of ALS data is to provide input for 3D city models. Modeling of roof faces, (3D) road and terrain surfaces can partially be done in an automated manner, although many such approaches are still in a development stage. Problems in automatic building reconstruction lie in the dynamic area between assumptions and reality. Not every object in the data appears as the algorithm expects. Challenges are to detect areas that cannot be reconstructed automatically. This paper describes our contribution to the field of building reconstruction by proposing a target based graph matching approach that can handle both complete and incomplete laser data. Match results describe which target objects appear topologically in the data. Complete match results can be reconstructed in an automated manner. Quality parameters store information on how the model fits to the input data and which data has not been used. Areas where laser data only partly matches with target objects are detected automatically. Four datasets are analyzed in order to describe the quality of the automatically reconstructed roofs, and to point out the reasons why segments are left out from the automatic reconstruction. The reasons why these areas are left out include lack of data information and limitations of our initial target objects. Potential improvement to our approach is to include likelihood functions to the existence of topological relations.
Scaling Up Radial Graph Layouts

The well-known radial graph layout technique has plenty of advantages for graph visualization and graph exploration, but is quite limited in the size of graphs it can display effectively because the layout is inherently global and allows far away or out of view nodes to distort the focus region. The primary contribution of this project is to introduce sub tree clustering to allow the layout algorithm to run locally and provide a visually pleasing focus region regardless of the overall graph size. This solution builds upon an existing radial graph visualization technique published in Yee et. al.'s Animated Exploration of Graphs with Radial Layout published in Proc. InfoVis 2001. In addition to clustering, other common information visualization techniques are added to Yee et. al.'s solution to further aid with graph navigation and visualization as the graph size increases.
Distributed Gaussian Process Regression Under Localization Uncertainty

In this paper, we propose distributed Gaussian process regression (GPR) for resource-constrained distributed sensor networks under localization uncertainty. The proposed distributed algorithm, which combines Jacobi over-relaxation (JOR) and discrete-time average consensus (DAC), can effectively handle localization uncertainty as well as limited communication and computation capabilities of distributed sensor networks. We also extend the proposed method hierarchically using sparse GPR to improve its scalability. The performance of the proposed method is verified in numerical simulations against the centralized maximum a posteriori (MAP) solution and a quick-and-dirty solution. We show that the proposed method outperforms the quick-and-dirty solution and achieve an accuracy comparable to the centralized solution.
Robert Musil and Classical Sociology

The article argues for the thesis that the Austrian novelist and essayist Robert Musil (1880-1942) may be read as an exemplary kind of social theorist, a philosopher and critic of European civilization who exploits the literary devices of irony, ambivalence and aesthetic distance in order to communicate a particular style of thinking about the social conditions, movements, ideologies and contradictory identities of modernity that could not otherwise be expressed in the abstract discursive language of social science. The article explores a number of respects in which Musil’s writing can be seen as ironizing our frequent perception of modernity as dominated by the evils of alienation, anonymity, fragmentation and occupational specialization, by exposing the extent to which this perception expresses elements of naïvety and complacency inherent in classical European humanistic discourses centring on values of Bildung and the ‘many-sided personality’.
Microprocess Technology to Fabricate RF MEMS Switches , Variable Capacitors and Mechanical Resonators above Advanced LSI

This paper introduces our recent activities in R&D Center of Excellence for Integrated Microsystems toward new integrated MEMS. The most prominent difference of the new integrated MEMS from conventional ones is that MEMS is fabricated on advanced LSI with a very small design rule. Two examples of integrated MEMS technologies under development are described. The first one is singlecrystal-silicon-on-LSI (SOL) technology. A thin single crystal Si layer is bonded on a (dummy) LSI wafer with polymer, and then electrostatically-actuated RF MEMS switches were fabricated on it. The second one is AlN MEMS technology using a Ge sacrificial layer. AlN Lamb wave resonators with resonant frequencies from 300 MHz to 1.1 GHz were fabricated and evaluated.
Moving Object Segmentation Based on Video Coding Information in H.264 Compressed Domain

The paper presents a novel segmentation approach to extract moving objects in the H.264 compressed domain. In the proposed method, some H.264 video coding information besides motion vector is used to segment moving object more accurately. Firstly, motion vector is refined by the motion relativity in space and time. Secondly, a coarse segmentation is gotten through motion vector difference between motion vector and global motion. Finally, the coarse segmentation is refined by either intra prediction mode in intra-frame or expansion and contraction operation in inter-frame. Experimental results for several H.264 compressed video sequences demonstrate the good segmentation quality of the proposed approach.
Low-Dimensional Bound Entanglement With One-Way Distillable Cryptographic Key

In this paper, we provide a class of bound entangled states that have positive distillable secure key rate. The smallest state of this kind is 4 otimes 4, which shows that peculiar security contained in bound entangled states does not need high-dimensional systems. We show that for these states a positive key rate can be obtained by one-way Devetak-Winter (DW) protocol. Subsequently, the volume of bound entangled key-distillable states for m otimes n Hilbert space with m, n > 4 is shown to be nonzero. We provide a scheme of verification of cryptographic quality of experimentally prepared state in terms of local observables. Proposed set of seven collective settings is proven to be optimal in number of settings.
A Study of Soft Contact Models in Simulink

This paper investigates the use of dierent soft contact and friction models, in Simulink, in the context of legged locomotion. The main criterion for assessing the models is the number of integration steps that are taken using variable step integration methods. The variables that are considered for the comparisons are the type of contact and friction models, the integration method, the desired integration accuracy, and mass of the colliding body.
Exploring the Prevalence of Ten Polyomaviruses and Two Herpes Viruses in Breast Cancer

Several different viruses have been proposed to play a role in breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of a subset of viruses in breast cancer tissue. We investigated the prevalence of 12 DNA viruses: EBV and CMV from the Herpesviridae family and SV40, BKV, JCV, MCV, WUV, KIV, LPV, HPyV6, HPyV7, and TSV from the Polyomaviridae family in 54 fresh frozen breast tumour specimens. Relevant clinical data and basic lifestyle data were available for all patients. The tissue samples were DNA extracted and real-time PCR assays were used for viral detection. The highest prevalence, 10% (5/54), was found for EBV. MCV, HPyV6, and HPyV7 were detected in single patient samples (2% each), while WUV, KIV, JCV, BKV, LPV, SV40, TSV and CMV were not detected in the 54 breast cancer specimens analysed here. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the potential role of viruses, and particularly EBV, in breast carcinogenesis.
De ning Data Equivalence for E cient Access of Images in aDistributed Environment

Technologies such as the World Wide Web have resulted in the access of information over a global network. Data can be text, images, video, or sound. Current network limitations and the large size of data items result in a high response time-the time taken for an image to be transmitted from a remote site to the user. In this paper we focus on reducing this response time for images. Traditionally in an information system exact copies of text data items had to be retrieved for the user but multimedia data items such as video and images can be represented by an equivalent data item which is an approximation of the original data item. Such an equivalent data item might satisfy an application equally well and also have a lower response time. Based on the assumption that such an approximation of a data item is suucient for several applications , we have developed an architecture where an image equivalent to the original can be retrieved instead of the original image itself. Our architecture has two layers to correspond to the two types of equivalence we deene: 1) representation layer, and 2) information content layer. At the representation layer we discuss the tradeoo in using lossy compression and lossy communication. At the information content layer we discuss the usage of an equivalent data object which is semantically the same as the original. Our architecture provides support for the representation of several \equivalence levels" and we study the tradeoo of these equivalence level with response time.
Mediated education in a creative arts context: research and practice at Whittier Elementary School

Many students' learning styles are not well served by traditional classroom educational approaches. While interactive media tools can be effective in addressing shortcomings in traditional approaches, few projects provide practical solutions that support collaborative, discovery-based educational models while simultaneously addressing different student learning styles. In this paper, we describe the realization and outcomes of a recent 15-week after-school mediated education program undertaken with elementary school students in our region. We present our integrated approach to research and practice in the design of new tools, curricula, and assessment strategies for K-12 education that employ emerging interactive media technologies in the classroom. We focus on our efforts to support learners through discovery-based activities, cooperative and collaborative learning strategies, and the realization of new expressive forms that arise from the intersection of arts education and technology.
On the Diophantine Equation

In this paper, we consider the Diophantine equation (cid:2)p (cid:4) 12(cid:7) (cid:18) (cid:4) (cid:9)p (cid:4) 2 (cid:19) (cid:11) (cid:20) (cid:13) z (cid:22) where p > 3, p are primes and k is natural number, when x, y and z are non-negative integers. It is found that the Diophantine equation has no nonnegative integer solution.
On sampling and reconstructing surfaces with boundaries

Surface reconstruction algorithms can ensure correctness of the reconstructed surface by imposing conditions on sampling and by assuming that the given point set satisfies the prescribed conditions. Traditionally, such sampling conditions impose minimum required sampling density for correct reconstruction. Let us assume that no additional information is provided to the reconstruction algorithm other than the input set of points. Under this assumption, we show that imposing minimum required sampling density is not sufficient to ensure correct reconstruction of surfaces with boundaries. In other words, to prove the correctness of the reconstructed surface, either the sampling conditions have to be strengthened or more information has to be provided to the reconstruction algorithm. Further, we prove that the strengthened sampling condition for sampling surfaces with boundaries has a unique property called non-monotonicity. We analyze the applicability of this framework to various algorithms like medial axis estimation algorithms, curve reconstruction algorithms, and reconstruction of surfaces from noisy point sets.
Simultaneous Demonstration of Neurotransmitter and Receptor Rat Brain Using In Vivo Double Autoradiography

NAGASAWA, H. , KoGURE, K. and IDO, T. Simultaneous Demonstration of Neurotransmitter and Receptor Systems of the Rat Brain Using In Vivo Double Autoradiography. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1993, 169 (1), 87-89 Neurotransmitter and receptor systems of the rat brain were simultaneously observed by in vivo double autoradiography using a novel imaging plate analyzer system which was developed by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. The animals were subjected to intravenous administration of [18F]-6-fluoro-L-dopa ([18F]-DOPA) and [3H]YM09151-2, a highly selective dopamine DZ antagonist. The radioactivities of [ 18F] -DOPA and [3H] YM-09151-2 were found to be highly concentrated in the striatum, demonstrating presynaptic and postsynaptic sites of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract, respectively. The [3H] YM-09151-2 was also found to be accumulated in the substantia nigra which is known to correspond with the distribution of dopamine D2 receptors. This method was shown to be useful for investigation of animal models with brain diseases. neurotransmitter ; receptor ; double autoradiography ; ['8F]-DOPA ; [3H] YM-09151-2
Patterns of Arm Muscle Activation Involved in Octopus Reaching Movements

The extreme flexibility of the octopus arm allows it to perform many different movements, yet octopuses reach toward a target in a stereotyped manner using a basic invariant motor structure: a bend traveling from the base of the arm toward the tip (Gutfreund et al., 1996a). To study the neuronal control of these movements, arm muscle activation [electromyogram (EMG)] was measured together with the kinematics of reaching movements. The traveling bend is associated with a propagating wave of muscle activation, with maximal muscle activation slightly preceding the traveling bend. Tonic activation was occasionally maintained afterward. Correlation of the EMG signals with the kinematic variables (velocities and accelerations) reveals that a significant part of the kinematic variability can be explained by the level of muscle activation. Furthermore, the EMG level measured during the initial stages of movement predicts the peak velocity attained toward the end of the reaching movement. These results suggest that feed-forward motor commands play an important role in the control of movement velocity and that simple adjustment of the excitation levels at the initial stages of the movement can set the velocity profile of the whole movement. A simple model of octopus arm extension is proposed in which the driving force is set initially and is then decreased in proportion to arm diameter at the bend. The model qualitatively reproduces the typical velocity profiles of octopus reaching movements, suggesting a simple control mechanism for bend propagation in the octopus arm.
Dynamic tire friction models for vehicle traction control

We derive a dynamic friction force model for road/tire interaction for ground vehicles. The model is based on a similar dynamic friction model for contact developed previously for contact-point friction problems, called the LuGre model. We show that the dynamic LuGre friction model is able to accurately capture velocity and road/surface dependence of the tire friction force.