Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Triangulation for Statistical Machine Translation

State-of-the-art statistical machine translation systems rely heavily on training data and insufficient training data usually results in poor translation quality. One solution to alleviate this problem is triangulation. Triangulation uses a third language as a pivot through which another sourcetarget translation system can be built. In this paper, we dynamically create multiple such triangulated systems and combine them using a novel approach calledensemble decoding. Experimental results of this approach show significant improvements in the BLEU score over the direct sourcetarget system. Our approach also outperforms a strong linear mixture baseline.
Making Money from Music in the Digital Era

This paper aims to discover how digital music business models can be profitable in the future. Currently several business models are in use but most of them experience that willingness to pay for these services is low. A literature study will be conducted and results from several previously conducted surveys on the topic will be used to investigate the topic along with data from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. The paper gives an overview of the current digital music industry and developments in the past 10 years. It identifies issues the digital music industry is facing and gives recommendations for the future and describes where the digital music industry could be headed.
Face Recognition under Complex Conditions

Human face recognition plays an important role in application such as human computer interface, video surveillance and face image database management. Automatic face recognition is a very challenging technique. Up to date, there are still substantial challenging problems which remain to be solved. This paper presents an automatic face recognition solution. At first, the AdaBoost method is used for face detection, then a feature extraction based on wavelet transform and KPCA is proposed. These features were fed up into support vector machine for recognition. Experimental results showed that the classifier which we trained is able to detect faces in the cases of multi-pose and multi-face under complex background. The method we proposed is superior to traditional PCA in the time of features extraction. Lots of tests showed that successful face recognition over a wide range of illuminstion, pose, and expression in images from database.
HPV presence precedes abnormal cytology in women developing cervical cancer and signals false negative smears

In a retrospective case–control study, we investigated high-risk HPV DNA presence by general primer GP5+/6+ PCR in the last normal cervical smear in the patient archives (i.e. baseline smear) of 57 women who later developed cervical cancer. Also, normal cervical smears of 114 age-matched control women were analysed. High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 37 of the 57 (65%) baseline smears of the case women, and 7 (6%) of 114 smears of the control women (OR 28, 95% Cl 11–72). The HPV positive subsequent smears and cervical cancer biopsies of the case women contained the same HPV type as was detected in the baseline smear. After cytological revision, the baseline smears of 48 case women (84%) were reclassified as abnormal, 33 (69%) of which scored high-risk HPV DNA positive. Ultimately, an undisputable normal baseline smear was found in only 10 case women. In 7 (70%) of them this smear was HPV positive, whereas only 7 (7%) of 104 revised, undisputable normal smears of control women were high-risk HPV positive (OR 32, 95% Cl 6.8–153). The results showed that (1) high-risk HPV presence precedes abnormal cytology in women who develop cervical cancer, and (2) high-risk HPV testing signals false-negative smears of women at risk of cervical cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
On the secrecy rate region of a fading multiple-antenna Gaussian broadcast channel with confidential messages and partial CSIT

In this paper we consider the secure transmission over the fast fading multiple antenna Gaussian broadcast channels with confidential messages (FMGBC-CM), where a multiple-antenna transmitter sends independent confidential messages to two users with information theoretic secrecy and only the statistics of the receivers' channel state information are known at the transmitter. We first use the same marginal property of the FMGBC-CM to classify the non-trivial cases, i.e., those not degraded to the common wiretap channels. We then derive the achievable rate region for the FMGBC-CM by solving the channel input covariance matrices and the inflation factor. Finally, the numerical examples show that under the information-theoretic secrecy requirement, both users can achieve positive rates simultaneously.
Bmc Medical Research Methodology Open Access Estimation of Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence with Dependent Censoring

Background: Due to early colonoscopy for some participants, interval-censored observations can be introduced into the data of a colorectal polyp prevention trial. The censoring could be dependent of risk of recurrence if the reasons of having early colonoscopy are associated with recurrence. This can complicate estimation of the recurrence rate.
Multivariate Risk Adjustment of Primary Care Patient Panels in a Public Health Setting: A Comparison of Statistical Models

We compared prospective risk adjustment models for adjusting patient panels at the San Francisco Department of Public Health. We used 4 statistical models (linear regression, two-part model, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial) and 4 subsets of predictor variables (age/gender categories, chronic diagnoses, homelessness, and a loss to follow-up indicator) to predict primary care visit frequency. Predicted visit frequency was then used to calculate patient weights and adjusted panel sizes. The two-part model using all predictor variables performed best (R2 = 0.20). This model, designed specifically for safety net patients, may prove useful for panel adjustment in other public health settings.
Visual based navigation of a free floating robot by means of a lab star tracker

A visual based navigation for a free floating platform has been realized. The basic principle is the same as for the star trackers used in space operations for attitude determination, with the remarkable difference that also the position with respect to an inertial reference frame is evaluated. Both the working principles and the algorithms for increasing the robustness of the device will be reported. The design and realization of the prototype is illustrated. Finally, the performance of the navigation system will be tested both in a numerical environment and in a dedicated experimental setup, showing a satisfactory level of accuracy for the intended operations.
Analysis of array CGH data: from signal ratio to gain and loss of DNA regions

MOTIVATION Genomic DNA regions are frequently lost or gained during tumor progression. Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) technology makes it possible to assess these changes in DNA in cancers, by comparison with a normal reference. The identification of systematically deleted or amplified genomic regions in a set of tumors enables biologists to identify genes involved in cancer progression because tumor suppressor genes are thought to be located in lost genomic regions and oncogenes, in gained regions. Array CGH profiles should also improve the classification of tumors. The achievement of these goals requires a methodology for detecting the breakpoints delimiting altered regions in genomic patterns and assigning a status (normal, gained or lost) to each chromosomal region. RESULTS We have developed a methodology for the automatic detection of breakpoints from array CGH profile, and the assignment of a status to each chromosomal region. The breakpoint detection step is based on the Adaptive Weights Smoothing (AWS) procedure and provides highly convincing results: our algorithm detects 97, 100 and 94% of breakpoints in simulated data, karyotyping results and manually analyzed profiles, respectively. The percentage of correctly assigned statuses ranges from 98.9 to 99.8% for simulated data and is 100% for karyotyping results. Our algorithm also outperforms other solutions on a public reference dataset. AVAILABILITY The R package GLAD (Gain and Loss Analysis of DNA) is available upon request.
On some aspects of the deep circulation of the Pacific

An attempt is made to present a coherent picture of the deep circulation in the Pacific on the basis of present temperature, salinity, and carbon 14 data. The water below 2500 meters in the Pacific moves from south to north. The water rises in the North Pacific, probably reaching the surface layer. Attempts to estimate the northward speeds and transport of this deep flow give values of 0.05 to 0.1 cm/sec and 15 to 25×106 m3/sec, respectively. There is some indication that the water flows more rapidly up the western side of the Pacific, and there is some indication of an eastward flow along the equator. Furthermore, it is difficult to reconcile all the available data without postulating a somewhat more complicated flow pattern in the South Pacific.
Smart collaborative system using the sensors of mobile devices for monitoring disabled and elderly people

According to statistics data, the population of many countries is aging. Moreover, there is also a small sector of the population that is affected by disabilities. Researchers should develop systems to improve their quality of life. In recent years, the development of smartphones and reduced size devices, but with high processing capacity, has increased dramatically. We can take profit of the sensors and applications embedded in the smartphones in order to monitor disabled and elderly people. In this paper, we describe a smart collaborative system based on the sensors placed in the mobile devices, which allow us to monitor the status of a person based on what is happening in the group people. The network algorithm and the smart system protocol is described and simulated in order to show the performance of our proposal.
Simultaneous Fluorescence and Raman Scattering from Single Carbon Nanotubes

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the electronic properties of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube structure was determined simultaneously from Raman spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectra from individual nanotubes with identical structures have different emission energies and linewidths that likely arise from defects or the local environment. Unlike most other molecules studied to date, the fluorescence intensity or spectrum from a single nanotube unexpectedly did not fluctuate.
Ecological functions, transformations and management of infralittoral rocky habitats from the North-western Mediterranean : the case of fish (Teleostei) nursery habitats

Cette these avait pour objet les habitats de l’Infralittoral rocheux Mediterraneen qui ont un role de nourricerie pour les juveniles de poissons (Teleosteens). Cette etude visait a mieux comprendre leurs caracteristiques et les consequences de leurs transformations, notamment d’origine anthropique, dans le but de rassembler des donnees utiles a la gestion des zones cotieres. Au sein de la mosaique paysagere sous-marine, parmi les facies de la biocenose des macrophytes photophiles de la roche infralittorale, les forets de Cystoseires forment un habitat a macrophytes arborescentes qui est menace. Cette these a demontre que ces forets abritaient des densites plus elevees de juveniles de poissons (notamment Labridae et Serranidae) que celles observees au sein de facies alternatifs, en particulier les brousses a Dictyotales et Sphacelariales et les facies de surpâturage. La haute valeur relative de nourricerie, que ce soit des forets de Cystoseires (pour trois especes du genre Symphodus), ou des petits fonds a blocs et galets (pour les especes du genre Diplodus), a ete observee de maniere recurrente dans les differents sites littoraux etudies aussi bien a l’echelle locale (1 km) que regionale (20 a 100 km). Cependant, pour un habitat donne, les densites de juveniles ont montre une forte variabilite spatiale entre sites. La variabilite spatiale des densites de juveniles, aussi bien entres sites des forets a Cystoseires que d’un habitat a l’autre, etait notamment associee aux differences de structure tridimensionnelle de l’habitat (heterogeneite et complexite). Cette structuration fournissait un refuge pour les juveniles et a en particulier influence l’efficacite de leurs predateurs. Ces travaux, sur la base de manipulations experimentales et d’observations in situ, ont demontre que les transformations des habitats, telles que la fragmentation des forets ou la diminution de la densite de leur couverture, reduisaient drastiquement leurs valeurs de nourricerie pour les poissons cotiers. Ces resultats suggerent que la productivite en poissons virtuellement perdue, dans les zones ou les forets ont deja totalement disparu, est considerable. Par ailleurs, ces habitats essentiels se sont averes rares et in-equitablement distribues le long des cotes : dans le cas des Diplodus spp. , moins de 10% des cotes rocheuses etudiees presentaient des habitats nourriceries. Enfin, ce travail a mis en evidence que la planification actuelle des mesures de gestion des zones cotieres mediterraneennes ne prenait generalement pas en compte la distribution spatiale des habitats nourriceries, ni leur connectivite avec les autres habitats essentiels a chaque etape clef du cycle de vie des poissons. Un schema conceptuel, visant a adopter une telle « approche paysage » de la gestion, est propose : il vise a promouvoir une focalisation optimale des efforts de conservation et a garantir ainsi le renouvellement des peuplements de poissons cotiers.
An Efficient Augmented Lagrangian Method for Statistical X-Ray CT Image Reconstruction

Statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) for X-ray computed tomography (CT) under the penalized weighted least-squares criteria can yield significant gains over conventional analytical reconstruction from the noisy measurement. However, due to the nonlinear expression of the objective function, most exiting algorithms related to the SIR unavoidably suffer from heavy computation load and slow convergence rate, especially when an edge-preserving or sparsity-based penalty or regularization is incorporated. In this work, to address abovementioned issues of the general algorithms related to the SIR, we propose an adaptive nonmonotone alternating direction algorithm in the framework of augmented Lagrangian multiplier method, which is termed as “ALM-ANAD”. The algorithm effectively combines an alternating direction technique with an adaptive nonmonotone line search to minimize the augmented Lagrangian function at each iteration. To evaluate the present ALM-ANAD algorithm, both qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted by using digital and physical phantoms. Experimental results show that the present ALM-ANAD algorithm can achieve noticeable gains over the classical nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm and state-of-the-art split Bregman algorithm in terms of noise reduction, contrast-to-noise ratio, convergence rate, and universal quality index metrics.
Evidence for posttranscriptional regulation of the keratins expressed during hyperproliferation and malignant transformation in human epidermis

Keratin K6 is a protein that is expressed in human skin under conditions of hyperproliferation (e.g., wound-healing, psoriasis, and cell culture) and malignant transformation (e.g., squamous cell carcinomas). When induced, the appearance of K6 is rapid: if skin tissue is placed in radiolabeled culture medium, this protein can be detected within an hour. The regulation of K6 seems to be controlled partly by a posttranscriptional mechanism: At least two K6 genes are actively transcribed both in vivo, when the protein is not made, as well as in vitro, when abundant levels of the protein are expressed. Substantial levels of K6a and K6b RNAs can be detected in skin by Northern Blot analysis, and these RNAs are largely, if not fully translatable in vitro. In situ hybridizations reveal that the RNAs are distributed throughout the living layers of the epidermis. The rapid induction of K6 expression through a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism suggests that this keratin may play an important role in designing a cytoskeletal architecture that is compatible with the hyperproliferative state.
Detecting infestation of take‐all disease in wheat using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery

Take‐all is an important root disease of wheat and has caused considerable decreases in crop yield in China. Although take‐all is the most studied disease of any crop, there is little research on detecting the infestation of the disease using remote sensing imagery. In this Letter, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Masking, Principal‐Components Transformation, and Analysis techniques were used to detect the severe infestation of the take‐all disease in wheat using Landsat Thematic Mapper imageries on 30 April and 16 May 2006. Results showed that the technique was simple and effective in the study areas, and could be applied to other wheat‐planting regions with similar growth situations.
The development of candidate composite disease activity and responder indices for psoriatic arthritis (GRACE project)

Objective To develop new composite disease activity indices for psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods Data from routine clinic visits at multiple centres were collected in a systematic manner. Data included all domains identified as important in randomised controlled trials in PsA. Decisions to change treatment were used as surrogates for high disease activity. New indices were developed by multiple linear regression (psoriatic arthritis disease activity score: PASDAS) and empirically, utilising physician-defined cut-offs for disease activity (arithmetic mean of desirability functions: AMDF). These were compared with existing composite measures: Composite Psoriatic arthritis Disease Activity Index (CPDAI), Disease Activity for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Disease Activity Score for rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28). Results 161/503 (32%) subjects had treatment changes. Although all measures performed well, compared with existing indices, PASDAS was better able to discriminate between high and low disease activity (area under receiver operating curves (ROC)) curve with 95% CI: PASDAS 0.773 (0.723, 0.822); AMDF 0.730 (0.680, 0.780); CPDAI 0.719 (0.668, 0.770); DAPSA 0.710 (0.654, 0.766); DAS28 0.736 (0.680, 0.792). All measures were able to discriminate between disease activity states in patients with oligoarthritis, although area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) were generally smaller. In patients with severe skin disease (psoriasis area and severity index >10) both nonparametric and AUC curve statistics were nonsignificant for all measures. Conclusions Two new composite measures to assess disease activity in PsA have been developed. Further testing in other datasets, including comparison with existing measures, is required to validate these instruments.
Teaching Computer Languages and Elementary Theory for Mixed Audiences at University Level

Theoretical issues of computer science are traditionally taught in a way that presupposes a solid mathematical background and are usually considered more or less inaccessible for students without this. An effective methodology is described which has been developed for a target group of university students with different backgrounds such as natural science or humanities. It has been developed for a course that integrates theoretical material on computer languages and abstract machines with practical programming techniques. Prolog used as meta-language for describing language issues is the central instrument in the approach: Formal descriptions become running prototypes that are easy and appealing to test and modify, and can be extended into analyzers, interpreters, and tools such as tracers and debuggers. Experience shows a high learning curve, especially when the principles are extended into a learning-by-doing approach having the students to develop such descriptions themselves from an informal introduction.
Constant gm rail-to-rail CMOS OpAmp with only one differential pair and switched level shifters

This paper introduces a simple approach for the implementation of rail-to-rail operational amplifiers (OpAmps) with constant gm using only one differential input pair. It is based on the utilization of switched voltage followers that introduce a DC level shift when the OpAmp's common mode input voltage is lower than the headroom of the input differential pair (DP). Additional circuitry is introduced in order to make the DP tail current insensitive to common mode input voltage variations. This improves CMRR and PSRR and reduces gm variations. The additional circuitry increases power dissipation by less than 20%. Simulation results are presented that verify rail-to-rail operation with ±1.65 supply voltages in 0. 5μm CMOS technology.
Simplifying language through error-correcting decoding

In many speech processing tasks, most of the sentences generally convey rather simple meanings. In these tasks, the "word-recognition" problem is much more difficult than the underlying "speech understanding" problem would be. Accordingly the authors try to develop an adequate framework to focus on a properly defined "understanding" of the sentences rather than "recognizing" the (possibly) superfluous words. This can be seen to be closely related with spontaneous language understanding and disfluence modeling. In the approach, these problems are placed under the framework of error-correcting decoding (ECD). A complex task is modeled in terms of a basic stochastic grammar, G, and an error model, E (taking insertions, substitutions and deletions into account). G should account for the basic (syntactic) structures underlying this task which would convey the semantics. E should account for general vocabulary variations, speech disfluencies, word disappearance, superfluous words, and so on. Each "complex" user sentence, x, will thus be considered as a corrupted version (according to E) of some "simple" sentence y of L(G). Recognition can then be seen as an ECD process: given x, find a sentence y/sup n/ of L(G) with maximum posterior probability. They introduce fast ECD techniques and adequate procedures for simultaneously training G and E and apply these ideas to a simple task with results showing the potential of the proposed approach.