Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Adenovirus Species Found in a Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis

ABSTRACT An unidentified agent was cultured in primary monkey cells at the Los Angeles County Public Health Department from each of five stool specimens submitted from an outbreak of gastroenteritis. Electron microscopy and an adenovirus-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed this agent to be an adenovirus. Since viral titers were too low, complete serotyping was not possible. Using the DNase-sequence-independent viral nucleic acid amplification method, we identified several nucleotide sequences with a high homology to human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) and simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1). However, using anti-SAdV-1 sera, it was determined that this virus was serologically different than SAdV-1. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that this new adenovirus was so divergent from the known human adenoviruses that it was not only a new type but also represented a new species (human adenovirus G). In a retrospective clinical study, this new virus was detected by PCR in one additional patient from a separate gastroenteritis outbreak. This study suggests that HAdV-52 may be one of many agents causing gastroenteritis of unknown etiology.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) plays an important role in eyelid and skin formation and patterning

Initiating as protruding ridges above and below the optic vesicle, the eyelids of mice grow across the eye and temporarily fuse in fetal life. Mutations of a number of genes disrupt this developmental process and result in a birth defect, “open‐eyelids at birth. ” Here we show that a critical event for eyelid induction occurs at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) when the single cell‐layered ectoderm in the presumptive eyelid territory increases proliferation and undergoes morphologic transition to form cube‐shaped epithelial cells. Using embryos lacking the Fgfr2 Ig domain III (Fgfr2ΔIII/ΔIII) generated by tetraploid rescue and chimeric embryo formation approaches, we demonstrate that this event is controlled by Fgfr2 signals as the Fgfr2ΔIII/ΔIII mutation blocks these changes and results in embryos without eyelids. Fgfr2 and its ligands are differentially expressed in the ectoderm and underlying mesenchyme and function in a reciprocal interacting loop that specifies eyelid development. We also demonstrate that similar defects account for failure of skin formation at early stages. Interestingly, Fgfr2‐independent skin formation occurs at E14.5 mutant embryos, resulting in much thinner, yet well‐differentiated epidermis. Notably, mutant skin remains thin with decreased hair density after transplantation to wild‐type recipients. These data demonstrate an essential role of Fgfr2 in eyelid and skin formation and patterning. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of intestinal transport of 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐S‐glutathione, a multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 substrate, by bilirubin treatment in rats

The effect of bilirubin treatment on intestinal transport of 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐S‐glutathione (DNP‐SG), a substrate of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP2), after application of 1‐chloro‐2, 4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a precursor of DNP‐SG, was examined in rat intestine by the in‐vitro everted sac, in‐situ re‐circulating perfusion, and in‐situ loop methods. CDNB was taken up rapidly by jejunum and ileum, and the consequent intestinal efflux of DNP‐SG, a glutathione conjugated metabolite of CDNB, was significantly higher in jejunum than in ileum in the in‐situ and in‐vitro studies. Co‐administration of bilirubin (100 μM), as well as probenecid (1 mM) or ciclosporin (100 μM), with CDNB decreased the DNP‐SG efflux in jejunum significantly, but not in ileum. The suppression of DNP‐SG efflux in jejunum was also observed after intravenous administration of bilirubin (85.5 μmol kg−1), in which plasma bilirubin glucuronide levels were approximately 100 μM. In the in‐vitro metabolism study, bilirubin exerted no significant effect on CDNB metabolism in the intestinal S9 fraction (supernatant of 9000 g). These results suggested that the diseased states accompanied with hyperbilirubinaemia might have increased the intestinal absorption, or oral bioavailability, of MRP2 substrates by suppressing MRP2 function at the proximal intestinal region.
In vivo measurements of humeral movement during posterior glenohumeral mobilizations

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo posterior translational movements occurring in the glenohumeral joint during posterior mobilizations and to determine the intratester reliability of those posterior translational movements. Methods: Twenty-eight individuals (17 females, 11 males) participated in this study. One physical therapist utilized a Kaltenborn approach to apply three grades of posterior humeral mobilization. A hand held dynamometer was used to quantify the force used during each grade of mobilization. Ultrasound imaging was used to visualize and measure posterior humeral movement. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics for force and posterior movement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intrarater reliability of force and posterior movement during each grade of mobilization and paired t-tests to compare movement and force between grades of mobilization. Results: Mean posterior movement (mm) measurements were 3.0, 8.2 and 10.7 for grade I, grade II and grade III mobilizations, respectively. Mean force (Newtons) measurements used during mobilization were 41.7, 121.5 and 209.4 for grade I, grade II and grade III mobilizations, respectively. The ICCs ranged from 0.849 to 0.905 for movement and from 0.717 to 0.889 for force. Force and measurement values were significantly different between grades of mobilization and between dominant and non-dominant arms. Gender was found to be significantly associated with force. Discussion: Mean movements and mean forces occurring during posterior mobilization increased with increasing grades. Intratester reliability was high for all grades of manual mobilization supporting the use of subjective feedback to determine appropriate force application. Quantification of forces and movements helps to clarify parameters that can serve as a reference for clinical practice.
MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease significantly improves failure-free and overall survival: the 8-year results of the intergroup trial.

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of sequential mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) followed by doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) versus the MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen in advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 737 patients with previously untreated stages III2A, IIIB, IVA, or IVB Hodgkin's disease and patients in first relapse after radiotherapy were prospectively randomized to sequential MOPP-ABV or MOPP/ABV hybrid. Of 691 eligible patients, 344 received the sequential regimen and 347 received the hybrid. RESULTS The overall response rate was 95%, with complete responses (CRs) in 79%: 83% on the MOPP/ABV hybrid and 75% on the sequential MOPP-ABVD arm (P = .02). With a median follow-up time of 7.3 years, the 8-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates were 64% for MOPP/ABV hybrid and 54% far sequential MOPP-ABVD (P = .01; 0.69 relative risk of failure, comparing MOPP/ABV hybrid v MOPP-ABVD). The 8-year overall survival rate was significantly better for the MOPP/ABV hybrid (79%) as compared with sequential MOPP-ABVD (71%) (P = .02; relative risk, 0.65). MOPP/ABV hybrid had significantly more life-threatening or fatal neutropenia and pulmonary toxicity than the sequential MOPP-ABVD arm, which was associated with significantly greater thrombocytopenia. Nine cases of acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplasia were reported on the sequential regimen as compared with only one on the hybrid (P = .01). CONCLUSION MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy was significantly more effective than sequential MOPP-ABVD. FFS and overall survival were significantly improved on the hybrid arm, which was also associated with a lower incidence of acute leukemia or myelodysplasia.
Distributed Optimal Dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources Over Lossy Communication Networks

Driven by smart grid technologies, a great effort has been made in developing distributed energy resources (DERs) in recent years for improving reliability and efficiency of distribution systems. Emerging DERs require effective and efficient control and coordination in order to harvest their potential benefits. In this paper, we consider optimal DER coordination problem, where the goal is to minimize the total generation cost while meeting total demand and satisfying individual generator output limit. This paper develops a distributed algorithm for solving the optimal DER coordination problem over lossy communication networks with packet-dropping communication links. Under the assumption that the underlying communication network is strongly connected with a positive probability and the packet drops are independent and identically distributed, we show that the proposed algorithm is able to solve the optimal DER coordination problem even in the presence of packet drops. Numerical simulation results are used to validate and illustrate the proposed algorithm.
Moral Hazard in Prevented Planting and Late Planting

This study examines the existence of moral hazard inherent in the choices of prevented planting (PP) and late planting (LP). The PP provision is defined as the “failure to plant an insured crop by the final planting date due to adverse events” such as excess moisture or drought. If the farmer decides not to plant the crop, (after appraised by an agency) the farmer receives a PP indemnity. LP is an option for the farmer to plant the crop and still maintain the crop insurance when the farmer fails to plant crop by the final planting date. However, by choosing LP option, the farmer has to lower the insurance coverage level depending on the LP date due to potential yield loss. Crop insurance may alter farmers’ decision choices in production in making the selection of PP or LP. In other words, crop insurance can increase the likelihood of PP claims even though farmers can choose LP. In particular, this paper seeks to find evidence that the farmer with higher insurance coverage would tend to choose PP statistically more often. In this case moral hazard would then be observed.
Central afferent projections of proprioceptive sensory neurons in Drosophila revealed with the enhancer‐trap technique

We have used a GAL4 enhancer‐trap line coupled with an upstream activation sequence (UAS)‐linked lacZ reporter construct to visualise and describe the central projections of proprioceptive sensory neurons of the thorax and abdomen in Drosophila. In the legs, lacZ expression is restricted to sensory neurons associated with hair plates, a subset of campaniform sensilla, and with the femoral chordotonal organ; whereas, in the wing, expression is seen only in subsets of campaniform sensilla. In the abdomen, expression is seen in Wheeler's organ and in a segmentally repeated array of internal sensory neurons that have not been previously described. The central projections from all of these neurons are described. The results confirm and expand upon our knowledge of the organisation of sensory neuropils in insects. The enhancer‐trap technique provides a potentially powerful tool for describing the organisation of the central nervous system of Drosophila. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Narrow microtunnel technology for the isolation and precise identification of axonal communication among distinct hippocampal subregion networks

Communication between different sub regions of the hippocampus is fundamental to learning and memory. However accurate knowledge about information transfer between sub regions from access to the activity in individual axons is lacking. MEMS devices with microtunnels connecting two sub networks have begun to approach this problem but the commonly used 10 μm wide tunnels frequently measure signals from multiple axons. To reduce this complexity, we compared polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microtunnel devices each with a separate tunnel width of 2.5, 5 or 10 μm bridging two wells aligned over a multi electrode array (MEA). Primary rat neurons were grown in the chambers with neurons from the dentate gyrus on one side and hippocampal CA3 on the other. After 2–3 weeks of culture, spontaneous activity in the axons inside the tunnels was recorded. We report electrophysiological, exploratory data analysis for feature clustering and visual evidence to support the expectation that 2.5 μm wide tunnels have fewer axons per tunnel and therefore more clearly delineated signals than 10 or 5 μm wide tunnels. Several measures indicated that fewer axons per electrode enabled more accurate detection of spikes. A clustering analysis comparing the variations of spike height and width for different tunnel widths revealed tighter clusters representing unique spikes with less height and width variation when measured in narrow tunnels. Wider tunnels tended toward more diffuse clusters from a continuum of spike heights and widths. Standard deviations for multiple cluster measures, such as Average Dissimilarity, Silhouette Value (S) and Separation Factor (average dissimilarity/S value), support a conclusion that 2.5 μm wide tunnels containing fewer axons enable more precise determination of individual action potential peaks, their propagation direction, timing, and information transfer between sub networks.
Simplified Soft Demapper for APSK with Product Constellation Labeling

Amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) constellation is capable of outperforming quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in terms of both the mutual information and the error-control performance. However, the lack of simplified demapper prevents its potential applications due to the inherent high computation complexity. In this paper, the concept of APSK using product constellation labeling is introduced, and two simplified demappers are proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the performance degradation caused by these simplified demappers is negligible, while the complexity is significantly reduced, compared to the traditional Max-Log-MAP demapper.
Low-dimensional representation of near-wall dynamics in shear flows, with implications to wall-models

The dynamics of coherent structures near the wall of a turbulent boundary layer is investigated with the aim of a low-dimensional representation of its essential features. Based on a triple decomposition into mean, coherent and incoherent motion and a dynamic mode decomposition to recover statistical information about the incoherent part of the flow field, a driven linear system coupling first- and second-order moments of the coherent structures is derived and analysed. The transfer function for this system, evaluated for a wall-parallel plane, confirms a strong bias towards streamwise elongated structures, and is proposed as an ‘impedance’ boundary condition which replaces the bulk of the transport between the coherent velocity field and the coherent Reynolds stresses, thus acting as a wall model for large-eddy simulations (LES). It is interesting to note that the boundary condition is non-local in space and time. The extracted model is capable of reproducing the principal Reynolds stress components for the pretransitional, transitional and fully turbulent boundary layer. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Toward the development of high-fidelity models of wall turbulence at large Reynolds number’.
Vegfc/Flt4 signalling is suppressed by Dll4 in developing zebrafish intersegmental arteries

The development of arteries, veins and lymphatics from pre-existing vessels are intimately linked processes controlled by a number of well-studied reiteratively acting signalling pathways. To delineate the mechanisms governing vessel formation in vivo, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated the mutant expando. Molecular characterisation revealed a loss-of-function mutation in the highly conserved kinase insert region of flt4. Consistent with previous reports, flt4 mutants were deficient in lymphatic vascular development. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for Flt4 in blood vessels and showed that Dll4 limits angiogenic potential by limiting Flt4 function in developing blood vessels. We found that arterial angiogenesis proceeded normally, yet the dll4 loss-of-function arterial hyperbranching phenotype was rescued, in flt4 signalling mutants. Furthermore, we found that the Flt4 ligand Vegfc drives arterial hyperbranching in the absence of dll4. Upon knockdown of dll4, intersegmental arteries were sensitised to increased vegfc levels and the overexpression of dll4 inhibited Vegfc/Flt4-dependent angiogenesis events. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dll4 functions to suppress the ability of developing intersegmental arteries to respond to Vegfc-driven Flt4 signalling in zebrafish. We propose that this mechanism contributes to the differential response of developing arteries and veins to a constant source of Vegfc present in the embryo during angiogenesis.
The Liverpool Violence Assessment: an investigator-based measure of serious violence.

BACKGROUND Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) identifies adults with persistent offending behaviour and social dysfunction. However, it lacks discrimination within high-risk and criminal populations and gives little indication of an individual's history of violence. Existing measures of violence have significant limitations. The Liverpool Violence Assessment (LiVA) is an investigator-based standardized interview for measuring patterns of violence. METHOD A total of 61 male prisoners who had been sentenced for serious violent offences were interviewed using the LiVA and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV antisocial personality disorder and alcohol and drug dependence. Official records of offending were examined. RESULTS The inter-rater reliability for the LiVA was high. There were significant correlations between histories of violence assessed by the LiVA and official records, but the frequency of self-reported violence was much higher than in the official records. Antisocial personality disorder was associated with increased violence. However, analyses revealed marked variability of the levels of violence among those with antisocial personality disorder and contrasting patterns of association of violence with antisocial personality disorder depending on the context. CONCLUSION The LiVA is a reliable and valid measure of the patterns and characteristics of violence. The findings suggest that the causes of violence should be studied in their own right and not only as a feature of ASPD.
Fuzzy Neighborhood Grid-Based DBSCAN Using Representative Points

Clustering process is considered as one of the most important part in data mining, and it passes through many levels of developments. One of the most famous algorithm is Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) [1,2,4]. It is a density-based clustering algorithm that uses a crisp neighborhood function to calculate the neighbor sets, and basically depends on distance function. In fuzzy clustering [9], which is considered as a soft clustering algorithm, it uses a fuzzy neighborhood function that allow a node in the dataset to have a membership degree in each point in the dataset. In this paper we propose a new algorithm that depends on both bases the speed of DBSCAN and the accuracy of fuzzy clustering. FNGMDBSCAN-UR is a Fuzzy Neighborhood Gridbased Multi-density DBSCAN Using Representative points. That uses grid-based to separate the dataset into small nets and fuzzy neighborhood function to create neighborhood sets.it is noticeable that FNGMDBSCAN-UR is much accurate than crisp DBSCAN with nested shapes and multi-dense datasets as we will see in the result section in this paper.
A framework for scientific workflow reproducibility in the cloud

Workflow is a well-established means by which to capture scientific methods in an abstract graph of interrelated processing tasks. The reproducibility of scientific workflows is therefore fundamental to reproducible e-Science. However, the ability to record all the required details so as to make a workflow fully reproducible is a long-standing problem that is very difficult to solve. In this paper, we introduce an approach that integrates system description, source control, container management and automatic deployment techniques to facilitate workflow reproducibility. We have developed a framework that leverages this integration to support workflow execution, re-execution and reproducibility in the cloud and in a personal computing environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by examining various aspects of repeatability and reproducibility on real scientific workflows. The framework allows workflow and task images to be captured automatically, which improves not only repeatability but also runtime performance. It also gives workflows portability across different cloud environments. Finally, the framework can also track changes in the development of tasks and workflows to protect them from unintentional failures.
TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma potentiate the deleterious effects of IL-1 beta on mouse pancreatic islets mainly via generation of nitric oxide.

Cytokines may be important mediators of beta-cell damage in early insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In order to further characterize the mechanism(s) of action of cytokines on insulin-producing cells, mouse pancreatic islets were exposed for 48 h to IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, alone or in combinations. The three cytokines induced islet nitric oxide (NO) production, an effect most marked when islets were exposed to the three cytokines together. In parallel with NO production, IL-1 beta+IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha impaired islet function, as judged by decreased islet DNA and insulin content, decreased glucose metabolism and decreased glucose-induced insulin release. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NO production, prevented all the above described suppressive effects of the cytokines, with exception of depletion in islet insulin content. In parallel experiments, insulin-producing RIN cells were exposed for 6 h to the same cytokines. Both IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, induced NO production and expression of the mRNA encoding for the inducible form of the enzyme NO synthase (iNOS). These effects were most pronounced when combinations of IL-1 beta+IFN-gamma or IL-1 beta+IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha were used. As a whole, the data suggest that combinations of cytokines induce higher amounts of NO generation by mouse pancreatic islets than each of the cytokines isolated. An important source of islet NO production are probably the beta-cells, as pointed by data obtained with an insulinoma cell line. Most of the deleterious effects of the cytokines of mouse islets are prevented by blocking NO production, suggesting that NO is the main mediator of cytokine-induced beta-cell damage. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)