Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of a prototype photochemical chamber designed to investigate the health effects of fresh and aged vehicular exhaust emissions

Laboratory experiments simulating atmospheric aging of motor vehicle exhaust emissions were conducted using a single vehicle and a photochemical chamber. A compact automobile was used as a source of emissions. The vehicle exhaust was diluted with ambient air to achieve carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations similar to those observed in an urban highway tunnel. With the car engine idling, it is expected that the CO concentration is a reasonable surrogate for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Varying the amount of dilution of the exhaust gas to produce different CO concentrations, allowed adjustment of the concentrations of VOCs in the chamber to optimize production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) needed for animal toxicological exposures. Photochemical reactions in the chamber resulted in nitric oxide (NO) depletion, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) formation, ozone (O3) accumulation, and SOA formation. A stable SOA concentration of approximately 40 μg m−3 at a chamber mean residence time of 30 min was achieved. This relatively short mean residence time provided adequate chamber flow output for both particle characterization and animal exposures. The chamber was operated as a continuous flow reactor for animal toxicological tests. SOA mass generated from the car exhaust diluted with ambient air was almost entirely in the ultrafine mode. Chamber performance was improved by using different types of seed aerosol to provide a surface for condensation of semivolatile reaction products, thus increasing the yield of SOA. Toxicological studies using Sprague-Dawley rats found significant increases of in vivo chemiluminescence in lungs following exposure to SOA.
1 p 53 R 2 inhibits the proliferation of human cancer cells in association with cell cycle arrest

p53R2 inhibits the proliferation of human cancer cells in association with cell cycle arrest Keqiang Zhang, Jun Wu, Xiwei Wu, Xiaochen Wang, Yan Wang, Ning Zhou, Mei-ling Kuo, Xiyong Liu, Bingsen Zhou, Lufen Chang, David Ann, Yun Yen 1 Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, 2 Division of Information Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, 91010, USA
Thrombospondin‐1 Regulates Bone Homeostasis Through Effects on Bone Matrix Integrity and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Osteoclasts

Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1), an endogenous antiangiogenic, is a widely expressed secreted ligand with roles in migration, adhesion, and proliferation and is a target for new therapeutics. While TSP1 is present in the bone matrix and several TSP1 receptors play roles in bone biology, the role of TSP1 in bone remodeling has not been fully elucidated. Bone turnover is characterized by coordinated activity of bone‐forming osteoblasts (OB) and bone‐resorbing osteoclasts (OC). TSP1−/− mice had increased bone mass and increased cortical bone size and thickness compared to wild type (WT). However, despite increased size, TSP1−/− femurs showed less resistance to bending than expected, indicative of diminished bone quality and a bone material defect. Additionally, we found that TSP1 deficiency resulted in decreased OC activity in vivo and reduced OC differentiation. TSP1 was critical during early osteoclastogenesis, and TSP1 deficiency resulted in a substantial overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Importantly, administration of a NOS inhibitor rescued the OC function defects of TSP1−/− mice in vivo. To investigate the role of bone‐derived TSP1 in osteoclastogenesis, we found that WT pre‐OCs had defective iNOS expression when cultured on TSP1−/− bone compared to WT bone, suggesting that TSP1 in bone plays a critical role in iNOS signaling during OC development. These data implicate a new role for TSP1 in bone homeostasis with roles in maintaining bone matrix integrity and regulating OC formation. It will be critical to monitor bone health of patients administered TSP1‐pathway directed therapeutics in clinical use and under development. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The appropriateness of routine medication treatment for schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Although national guidelines specify appropriate strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia, this disorder presents challenges to clinicians and health-care organizations. To improve care, it is useful to understand how often patients receive appropriate treatment. Most research evaluating treatment was performed when first-generation antipsychotic medications were the modal treatment. Given that most prescriptions are now for second-generation medications, this study describes current clinical problems and the appropriateness of treatment in routine practice. METHOD Between 2002 and 2004, a random sample of patients (n = 398) were interviewed at baseline and 1 year at 3 Department of Veterans Affairs mental health clinics. Symptoms and side effects were assessed. Analyses examined whether prescribing were consistent with guidelines in patients with significant psychosis, depression, parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, or elevated weight. RESULTS Few patients met criteria for depression, parkinsonism, or akathisia. A total of 44% of patients had significant psychosis, 11% had tardive dyskinesia, and 46% were overweight. Medication was appropriate in 27% of patients with psychosis, 25% of patients with tardive dyskinesia, and 2% of patients with elevated weight. Management of elevated weight improved modestly over time. Treatment was more likely to improve for patients whose psychiatrists had more than 12 patients with schizophrenia in their caseload. CONCLUSION Compared with the 1990s, outpatients are more likely to have significant psychosis. The rate of appropriate treatment of psychosis is unchanged. Weight gain has become a prevalent side effect, yet treatment is rarely changed in response to weight. There is a need for interventions that improve management of psychosis and weight.
WORD CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION USING BAG OF FEATURES 1

Human writing is highly variable and inconsistent, and this makes the offline recognition of handwritten words extremely challenging. This paper describes a novel approach that can be employed for the offline recognition of handwritten Arabic words. Through conceptualizing each word as single, inseparable objects, the proposed approach aims to recognize words in accordance with their complete shape. This paper describes the bag-of-visual-words method that has been effectively employed for the purposes of classifying images. The study consisted of four main stages. First, a set of image patches were sampled for the purposes of training, and a speeded up robust features (SURF) descriptor was then used to characterize them. Following that, the bag-of-visual-words model was employed through constructing the K-means clustering algorithm. A histogram of each whole world was developed and this operated as the image feature vector. This was employed to train the support vector machine classifier, which was then able to effectively distinguish between handwritten words. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was tested using a sample of Arabic words extracted from the IFN/ENIT database and the results indicated that the bag-of-visual-words approach represents a promising method of recognizing and classifying handwritten Arabic words. The best and average recognition rates of the proposed method are 85% and 75% respectively.
Potential carcinogenicity predicted by computational toxicity evaluation of thiophosphate pesticides using QSTR/QSCarciAR model

Abstract This study presents in silico prediction of toxic activities and carcinogenicity, represented by the potential carcinogenicity DSSTox/DBS, based on vector regression with a new Kernel activity, and correlating the predicted toxicity values through a QSAR model, namely: QSTR/QSCarciAR (quantitative structure toxicity relationship/quantitative structure carcinogenicity–activity relationship) described by 2D, 3D descriptors and biological descriptors. The results showed a connection between carcinogenicity (compared to the structure of a compound) and toxicity, as a basis for future studies on this subject, but each prediction is based on structurally similar compounds and the reactivation of the substructures of these compounds.
Breakthrough Technologies Potato Virus X-Induced Gene Silencing in Leaves and Tubers of Potato 1

Programmes of Cell-to-Cell Communication (E.M.G., K.H., C.L.), Quality, Health and Nutrition (O.F-R., M.T.), Genome Dynamics (I.H.), Gene Expression (S.M.), and Plant-Pathogen Interaction (E.M.G., P.B.), Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; and Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (E.M.G., G.J.L.)
Development of a High Power Density Motor Made of Amorphous Alloy Cores

In this paper, the development of a permanent-magnet (PM) motor made of amorphous alloy (AA) core is presented. The motor is rated as 20 kW, and base speed is 2500 r/min. A massive produced interior PM motor used in electric vehicle traction application is chosen as the baseline motor. An optimization software package built based on Matlab platform is used to design the stator made of AA, while the rotor is preliminary designed with the help of analytical formulation aiming at lowest core loss in stator teeth and finally tuned by finite-element analysis. The optimized AA motor is 31% smaller in volume than the baseline motor while keeping the continuous power rating unchanged, which means 45% more in power density. To validate the mathematical model beneath the optimization software package, two prototype motors have been manufactured. The first motor is the AA motor, optimized in this paper, and the second motor has exactly the same lamination shape and structural design of motor 1 but its material is nonoriented silicon steel like the baseline motor, instead of AA. The test result show the efficiency of motor 1 is higher than the baseline motor in full speed range, and motor 2 is badly behaved in terms of efficiency. The observation from the test proves that simply replacing the silicon steel with AA does not work under all circumstances, and the optimization experience gained for the AA cannot be used directly in designing a silicon steel motor.
Analyse et reconnaissance des manifestations acoustiques des émotions de type peur en situations anormales

Cette these aborde le probleme de la reconnaissance des emotions dans la parole. Nous avons choisi de centrer notre etude sur un type de manifestations emotionnelles jusqu'alors peu etudie dans le domaine du traitement de la parole: les emotions de type peur en situations anormales. Les situations anormales correspondent ici a des evenements imprevus, constituant une menace pour la vie humaine. Cette etude est motivee par une application nouvelle dans le domaine de la reconnaissance d'emotions: la securite civile. Le point de depart de ce travail a consiste en la definition et en l'acquisition d'un materiel d'etude illustrant des emotions extremes de type peur, dans des contextes de menace. Le corpus SAFE (Situation Analysis in a Fictional and Emotional corpus) developpe a cet effet utilise comme source le cinema de fiction. Il consiste en 400 sequences audiovisuelles d'une duree totale de 7 heures. Une strategie d'annotation adaptee a la tâche de surveillance et integrant plusieurs niveaux de description (niveau contextuel et niveau emotionnel) a ete mise en place. Le systeme de reconnaissance des emotions, developpe sur ce corpus, traite un grand nombre de locuteurs inconnus, dans des environnements sonores et contextes varies. Il consiste en une classification peur/neutre. L'originalite de la methode repose sur une modelisation dissociee des contenus voise et non voise du signal de parole, les deux contenus etant ensuite fusionnes a l'etape de decision du systeme de classification. Les resultats obtenus sont tres encourageants compte tenu de la diversite des donnees et de la complexite du phenomene a reconnaitre : le taux d'erreur avoisine les 30%.
RATING PREDICTION FROM TEXTUAL REVIEWS BASED ON SENTIMENTAL ANALYSIS

In recent years, we have witnessed enumerous reviews from different review websites. These review websites gives a great opportunity to share our viewpoints for various products we purchase. Due to loads of information, we face problem in mining valuable information from reviews to understand a user’s preferences and make an accurate recommendation. Traditional recommender systems (RS) consider some factors, such as product category, user’s purchase records and geographic location. In this work, we propose a sentimentbased rating prediction method (RPS) to improve prediction accuracy in recommender systems along with Dynamic question list for review generation. We use a social user sentimental measurement approach to calculate user’s sentiment on items/products along with that we also consider user’s interpersonal sentimental influence and product reputation, which can be inferred from user’s reviews. At last, we combine three factors-user sentiment similarity, item reputation similarity and interpersonal sentimental influence into our recommender system to make an accurate rating prediction. We also generate Dynamic question list for easy review generation. Keywords—Item reputation; Reviews; Rating prediction; Recommender system; Sentiment influence; User sentiment; HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System); HIVE; RPC(Remote Procedure Calls); ACLs(Access Control Lists) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finite element modelling of squirrel, guinea pig and rat skulls: using geometric morphometrics to assess sensitivity

Rodents are defined by a uniquely specialized dentition and a highly complex arrangement of jaw‐closing muscles. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an ideal technique to investigate the biomechanical implications of these specializations, but it is essential to understand fully the degree of influence of the different input parameters of the FE model to have confidence in the model’s predictions. This study evaluates the sensitivity of FE models of rodent crania to elastic properties of the materials, loading direction, and the location and orientation of the models’ constraints. Three FE models were constructed of squirrel, guinea pig and rat skulls. Each was loaded to simulate biting on the incisors, and the first and the third molars, with the angle of the incisal bite varied over a range of 45°. The Young’s moduli of the bone and teeth components were varied between limits defined by findings from our own and previously published tests of material properties. Geometric morphometrics (GMM) was used to analyse the resulting skull deformations. Bone stiffness was found to have the strongest influence on the results in all three rodents, followed by bite position, and then bite angle and muscle orientation. Tooth material properties were shown to have little effect on the deformation of the skull. The effect of bite position varied between species, with the mesiodistal position of the biting tooth being most important in squirrels and guinea pigs, whereas bilateral vs. unilateral biting had the greatest influence in rats. A GMM analysis of isolated incisor deformations showed that, for all rodents, bite angle is the most important parameter, followed by elastic properties of the tooth. The results here elucidate which input parameters are most important when defining the FE models, but also provide interesting glimpses of the biomechanical differences between the three skulls, which will be fully explored in future publications.
Complex Hernia Repair Using Component Separation Technique Paired with Intraperitoneal Acellular Porcine Dermis and Synthetic Mesh Overlay

Repairing complicated, recurrent ventral hernias poses many challenges and frustrations for both the patient and the surgeon. Patients with histories of multiple abdominal procedures, infection, and previous hernia repair are at higher risk for recurrence. They must be dealt with through a more sophisticated approach than the patient presenting with an initial hernia or even a simple recurrence. We describe our experience with 18 patients using component separation technique paired with acellular porcine dermis. We specifically focus on the use of intraperitoneal biologic mesh paired with a synthetic overlay. There were no hernia recurrences during the follow-up period: average 14 months (range, 4–24 months, 100% follow-up). Complications included seromas, wound breakdown, and infection; several of these requiring reoperation. The successful management of complicated hernias has been revolutionized by new synthetic and bioprosthetic meshes. However, these products, when used alone in complex hernia patients carry a higher recurrence rate. We have found that these meshes, used in conjunction with component separation technique, have had no recurrence to date, but are prone to complications.
Conflicto, violencia y actividad criminal en Colombia: Un análisis espacial

Esta investigacion busca analizar la relacion existente entre el conflicto armado y las distintas manifestaciones de violencia y actividad criminal. Para este fin, se realiza un recuento historico de los conflictos internos y guerras civiles en Colombia desde el siglo XIX, haciendo enfasis en el periodo de La Violencia (1946-1962). Luego, se desarrolla un analisis del origen y evolucion de los grupos armados al margen de la ley en Colombia (FARC-EP, ELN y Autodefensas). De igual forma, se describe las tendencias de los indicadores de violencia y actividad criminal. Posteriormente, se analiza dinamica existente entre conflicto y crimen violento usando tecnicas de analisis espacial. Finalmente, se investigan los determinantes del crimen violento (homicidios, secuestros, delitos contra el patrimonio y la pirateria) con las herramientas de la econometria espacial. Los resultados sugieren que en todos los delitos se presenta persistencia y difusion espacial.La eficiencia de la justicia, el narcotrafico y, en gran medida, la actividad de los grupos armados ilegales son las variables que explican en mayor medida la violencia. Adicionalmente, el secuestro esta fundamentalmente explicado por la actividad de dichos grupos. Por lo tanto, los resultados de este trabajo muestran en forma contundente que la dinamica del conflicto determina la dinamica de la violencia global del pais y no solamente de las muertes asociadas directamente al conflicto.
Hybrid gesture recognition system for short-range use

In recent years, various gesture recognition systems have been studied for use in television and video games[1]. In such systems, motion areas ranging from 1 to 3 meters deep have been evaluated[2]. However, with the burgeoning popularity of small mobile displays, gesture recognition systems capable of operating at much shorter ranges have become necessary. The problems related to such systems are exacerbated by the fact that the camera's field of view is unknown to the user during operation, which imposes several restrictions on his/her actions. To overcome the restrictions generated from such mobile camera devices, and to create a more flexible gesture recognition interface, we propose a hybrid hand gesture system, in which two types of gesture recognition modules are prepared and with which the most appropriate recognition module is selected by a dedicated switching module. The two recognition modules of this system are shape analysis using a boosting approach (detection-based approach)[3] and motion analysis using image frame differences (motion-based approach)(for example, see[4]). We evaluated this system using sample users and classified the resulting errors into three categories: errors that depend on the recognition module, errors caused by incorrect module identification, and errors resulting from user actions. In this paper, we show the results of our investigations and explain the problems related to short-range gesture recognition systems.
Square-shaped phase shifter using multilayer technology for ultra wideband application

A design of 45° phase shifter which operates at ultra wideband (UWB) operating frequency is presented in this paper. The design employs multilayer technology to achieve a broad coupling and compact size. The simulation result shows that the proposed phase shifter is acceptable to be used for UWB application. Parametric analysis on the dimension of the square patch will be carried out to observe the performance of the phase shifter.
Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel.

CONTEXT Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy are important for clinicians worldwide given the complexity of the field and the varied clinical situations in which these agents are used. The International AIDS Society-USA panel has updated its recommendations as warranted by new developments in the field. OBJECTIVE To provide physicians and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinicians with current recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults in circumstances for which there is relatively unrestricted access to drugs and monitoring tools. The recommendations are centered on 4 key issues: when to start antiretroviral therapy; what to start; when to change; and what to change. Antiretroviral therapy in special circumstances is also described. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A 16-member noncompensated panel was appointed, based on expertise in HIV research and patient care internationally. Data published or presented at selected scientific conferences from mid 2004 through May 2006 were identified and reviewed by all members of the panel. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data that might change previous guidelines were identified and reviewed. New guidelines were drafted by a writing committee and reviewed by the entire panel. CONCLUSIONS Antiretroviral therapy in adults continues to evolve rapidly, making delivery of state-of-the-art care challenging. Initiation of therapy continues to be recommended in all symptomatic persons and in asymptomatic persons after the CD4 cell count falls below 350/microL and before it declines to 200/microL. A nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor boosted with low-dose ritonavir each combined with 2 nucleoside (or nucleotide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors is recommended with choice being based on the individual patient profile. Therapy should be changed when toxicity or intolerance mandate it or when treatment failure is documented. The virologic target for patients with treatment failure is now a plasma HIV-1 RNA level below 50 copies/mL. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the short-term and the long-term is crucial for treatment success and must be continually reinforced.
A simple radar based on USRP software defined radio

Simple real time frequency modulated continues wave radar built around USRP B210 software defined radio. Signal processing and detection is PC based mainly with GNU Radio and c++ application. Main purpose of this design is to establish reliable way of interfacing with USRP and using it with proprietary applications for real time radar software. Another reason was to design software for radar signal processing which could be easily extended with new features.