Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Maintenance for Case based Reasoning Systems

The success of a Case Based Reasoning (CBR) system depends on the quality of case data and the speed of the retrieval process that can be expensive in time especially when the number of cases gets large. To guarantee this quality, maintenance the contents of a case base becomes necessarily. As a result, the research area of Case Base Maintenance (CBM) has drawn more and more attention to CBR systems. This paper provides a snapshot of the state of the art, reviewing some important methods of maintaining case based reasoning. We introduce a framework for distinguishing these methods and compare and analyze them. In addition, this paper also presents simulations on data sets from U.C. I repository to show the effectiveness of some CBM methods taking into account the accuracy, the size and the retrieval time of case bases. Our simulation results which are obtained by compared well known reduction techniques show that these CBM methods have good storage reduction ratios, satisfying classification accuracies and short retrieval time. General Terms Machine Intelligence, Case Based Reasoning, Algorithms.
Investigating the Feasibility of Making Contexts Explicit in Designing Cloud Workflow

Cloud workflow allows automating the workflow process through a compilation of known sequences of actions in cloud environment. Current Cloud workflows lack the ability, in the one hand, to capture the contexts during the design phase of Cloud workflows; and in the other hand, to deliver a real-time assistance to help a specific user interact with the system in the selection of the relevant cloud workflow components for his specific need. We propose a context-oriented approach to improve the design phase of cloud workflows. A user-oriented paradigm is presented to make contexts explicit in designing cloud workflows. Context will be made explicit due to the integration of BPEL and Contextual Graphs (CxGs) representation. CxGs representation is the formalism for representing uniformly all the ingredients of design process in cloud workflows, so that users could customize information, formalize their design strategies, and possibly interact with the system to model the cloud workflow. We illustrate our methodology through a case study in virtual screening to testify our investigation study. Finally, we conclude that the method we proposed for making contexts explicit in Cloud workflows could be considered as a successful attempt to address the social and human factors related to the design of Cloud workflows.
Involvement of K channels and calcium-independent mechanisms in hydrogen sulfide-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric small arteries

This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Abstract: Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is involved in the regulation of vascular tone. We hypothesized that lowering of calcium and opening of K channels as well as calcium-independent mechanisms are involved in H 2 S-induced relaxation in rat mesenteric small arteries. Amperometric recordings revealed that free [H 2 S] after addition to closed tubes of NaHS, Na 2 S, and GYY4137 were, respectively, 14%, 17%, and 1% of added amount. The compounds caused equipotent relaxations in isometric myographs, but based on the measured free [H 2 S], GYY4137 caused more relaxation in relation to released free H 2 S than NaHS and Na 2 S in rat mesenteric small arteries. Simultaneous measurements of [H 2 S] and tension showed that 15 µM of free H 2 S caused 61% relaxation in superior mesenteric arteries. Simultaneous measurements of smooth muscle calcium and tension revealed that NaHS lowered calcium and caused relaxation of norepinephrine-contracted arteries, while high extracellular potassium reduced NaHS relaxation without corresponding calcium changes. In norepinephrine-contracted arteries, NaHS (1 mM) lowered phosphorylation of myosin light chain, while phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT-1) remained unchanged. Inhibitors of guanylate cyclase, protein kinase A and G failed to reduce NaHS relaxation, while blockers of voltage-gated K V 7 channels inhibited NaHS relaxation, and blockers of mitochondrial complex I and III abolished NaHS relaxation. Conclusion: the present findings suggest that low micromolar concentrations of free H 2 S by a dual mechanism opens K channels followed by lowering of smooth muscle calcium and by a mechanism involving mitochondrial complex I and III leads to uncoupling of force, and hence vasodilation. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version.
Author ' s personal copy Voicing assimilation in Catalan three-consonant clusters

Electroglottographic and acoustic data for Catalan three-consonant clusters composed of a wordand syllable-final C1C2 sequence and an underlyingly voiced C3 in wordand syllable-initial position were collected in order to verify whether a regressive voicing assimilation process operates on all obstruents placed at the C2 and C1 sites. Data reveal the presence of low percentages of vocal fold vibration during final stops and fricatives, C3-dependent regressive voicing effects occurring to some extent during C2 but not during C1, and a more robust voicing interaction involving C1 and C2 and thus consonants placed within the same syllable and the same word. Moreover, except for perceptually and/or aerodynamically conditioned cases, voicing effects were found to be triggered by sonorants rather than by obstruents and the trill /r/ in agreement with the predictions of the Degree of Articulatory Constraint (DAC) model of coarticulation. Acoustic data for three-consonant cluster pairs differing in the underlying C3 voicing status show that speakers may use C2 duration and intensity (but not C1 or preceding vowel duration) as voicing cues. Taken together these results suggest that voicing assimilation in Catalan three-consonant cluster cannot be modeled as a long-distance regressive process, and is strongly dependent on syllable/word affiliation and on the manner and place of articulation characteristics of the consonants in the cluster. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Performance analysis of Bag-of-Features based content identification systems

Many state-of-the-art methods in image retrieval, classification and copy detection are based on the Bag-of-Features (BOF) framework. However, the performance of these systems is mostly experimentally evaluated and little results are reported on theoretical performance. In this paper, we present a statistical framework that makes it possible to analyse the performance of a simple BOF-system and to better understand the impact of different design elements such as the robustness of descriptors, the accuracy of encoding/assignment, information preserving pooling and finally decision making. The proposed framework can be also of interest for a security and privacy analysis of BOF systems.
Methods to estimate the between‐study variance and its uncertainty in meta‐analysis†

Meta‐analyses are typically used to estimate the overall/mean of an outcome of interest. However, inference about between‐study variability, which is typically modelled using a between‐study variance parameter, is usually an additional aim. The DerSimonian and Laird method, currently widely used by default to estimate the between‐study variance, has been long challenged. Our aim is to identify known methods for estimation of the between‐study variance and its corresponding uncertainty, and to summarise the simulation and empirical evidence that compares them. We identified 16 estimators for the between‐study variance, seven methods to calculate confidence intervals, and several comparative studies. Simulation studies suggest that for both dichotomous and continuous data the estimator proposed by Paule and Mandel and for continuous data the restricted maximum likelihood estimator are better alternatives to estimate the between‐study variance. Based on the scenarios and results presented in the published studies, we recommend the Q‐profile method and the alternative approach based on a ‘generalised Cochran between‐study variance statistic’ to compute corresponding confidence intervals around the resulting estimates. Our recommendations are based on a qualitative evaluation of the existing literature and expert consensus. Evidence‐based recommendations require an extensive simulation study where all methods would be compared under the same scenarios. © 2015 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reward models for active language learning in 3D virtual worlds

Games are often used as incentive based approaches in learning a foreign language. A common part of DVD based toolkits; for example, include vocabulary, sound clips of the target language, exercises for learners to record their own voice, and games. The games can be matching exercises involving sound, text and images. What is missing from such standalone tools are other active speakers. Chat rooms can somewhat address this, but students often meet other students at the same level. In contrast, the 3D multi user virtual environment (MUVE) of Second Life, also referred to as a virtual world, offers social context that can allow for voice and text communication for language learning, often with native speakers of the target language. Reward models in such social contexts can have greater effect on the engagement and motivation of language learners. This article first presents a literature review of reward models used in learning and teaching in virtual worlds. We secondly identify the elements that need to be included in a reward model for active language learning in Second Life. We describe the stakeholders' perspectives (educators and students) and suggest how the model should be integrated into the design of the virtual island or "sim" and into a course design.
HPV Genotyping 9G Membrane Test: A Point-of-Care Diagnostic Platform

The results of HPV detection in 550 cervical samples by cervical cytology were compared with the sequencing analysis and HPV genotyping 9G membrane test. The HPV genotyping 9G membrane test can efficiently identify and discriminate five HR-HPV genotypes. The 100% identical results of HPV genotyping 9G membrane tests with the sequencing results in 550 clinical samples ensure its wide clinical applicability. The simple handling steps and the portable scanning device make the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test applicable in point-of-care settings. Moreover, the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test allows one to obtain final results in 30 min at 25 °C by simply loading the hybridization and washing solution and scanning the membranes without any drying steps or special handling. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HPV genotyping 9G membrane test was found to be 100%, which is much higher than cervical cytology.
Algorithms for Scheduling Tasks on Unrelated Processors

Several algorithms are presented for the nonpreemptlve assignment of n independent tasks to m unrelated processors One algorithm requires polynomial Ume in n and m and IS at most 2x/~ times worse than optimal in the worst case This is the best polynomial-time algorithm known for scheduling such sets of tasks. An algorithm with slightly better worst case performance requires polynomial time in n but exponential ume in m This 1s the best algorithm known that requires time O(nlogn) for every fixed value of m
Call admission control in wireless multimedia networks

This paper addresses the call admission control problem for the multimedia services that characterize the third generation of wireless networks. In the proposed model each cell has to serve a variety of classes of requests that differ in their traffic parameters, bandwidth requirements and in the priorities while ensuring proper quality of service levels to all of them. A semi Markov process is used to model multi-class multimedia systems with heterogeneous traffic behavior, allowing for call transitions among classes. It is shown that the derived optimal policy establishes state-related threshold values for the admission policy of handoff and new calls in the different classes, while minimizing the blocking probabilities of all the classes and prioritizing the handoff requests. It is proven that in restrictive cases the optimal policy has the shape of a multi-threshold priority policy, while in general situations the optimal policy has a more complex shape.
Two-way relaying via modulo-and-forward for MIMO signal transmission

Two-way relaying via the amplify-and-forward technique has received much recent attention. A modulo-and-forward (MF) variant of it has recently been proposed for single-antenna transmission, which can significantly reduce the peak and average relay transmission powers. The present work considers two-way relaying for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) signal transmission. We propose an MF technique for Alamouti space-time coding and spatial multiplexing. Simulation results confirm the advantage of the proposed technique in enhancing the peak and average power efficiency of the relay.
Voice conversion based on joint pitch and spectral transformation with component group-GMM

Spectral and pitch are two most important features in voice conversion which including a majority of speaker identity information. Some researchers use the GMM (Gaussian mixture model) to model the joint spectral and pitch. But these two features have the discrepancy of unit and meaning, so should do some processing before training the model. In this paper, a new framework CG-GMM (component-group GMM) is used for the joint pitch and spectral transformation. Experiments are setup and compared with the previous approach of voice conversion. The converted speeches indicate satisfactory speech quality and speaker identifiability. Meanwhile the speaking style is much like to the target speaker.
The C . mmp / Hydra Project : An Architectural Overview

This article describes the C.mmp/Hydra project at CarnegieMellon University. Included are detailed descriptions of the PMS structure of C.mmp (a multiprocessor built from minicomputers) and its major components. An overview of its operating system. Hydra, is provided with emphasis on those sections most concerned with and influenced by the architecture. The project is also discussed in terms of
Legitimate bilingual competence in the making: Bilingual performance and investment of Korean-English bilinguals

Because global migration and mobility have increasingly blurred boundaries, questions of authenticity have become more complex than ever, and the issue of what constitutes “real” versus “fake” language practices and language users has become increasingly important. The newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism have put bilingual and multilingual language users in a fragile position, where bilingual displays can summon the damaging image of inauthentic bilingualism and frame them as imposters who try to articulate their alleged modernity by mimicking other “reals. ” Focusing on the issue of authenticity, this ethnographic study explores how Korean-English bilinguals navigate and respond to the newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism. In particular, I examine the case of 20 South Korean graduate students in the USA who have both advanced English language proficiency and native Korean language proficiency. Because they are in a relatively advantageous position in being able to flexibly use both the Korean and English languages and to employ a variety of linguistic resources, their bilingual practices and performance provide an excellent example of the ways in which bilingual language users locate their social positioning through the selective production of ideological representations or language registers associated with images of inauthentic bilingualism. The findings highlight the agentive role of bilingual and multilingual language users in participating in the reconfiguration of what counts as legitimate bilingual competence and performance, and in making a very calculative investment in distancing themselves from particular types of language registers, language competences, and models of personhoods associated with inauthentic Korean-English bilinguals. These findings present a challenge to traditional research in the fields of second language studies, and applied linguistics, and urges researchers to look at the actual language practice of bilingual users who actively participate in the process of developing sense-making discourses.
An essential step of kinetochore formation controlled by the SNARE protein Snap29

The kinetochore is an essential structure that mediates accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. While many of the kinetochore components have been identified, the mechanisms of kinetochore assembly remain elusive. Here, we identify a novel role for Snap29, an unconventional SNARE, in promoting kinetochore assembly during mitosis in Drosophila and human cells. Snap29 localizes to the outer kinetochore and prevents chromosome mis‐segregation and the formation of cells with fragmented nuclei. Snap29 promotes accurate chromosome segregation by mediating the recruitment of Knl1 at the kinetochore and ensuring stable microtubule attachments. Correct Knl1 localization to kinetochore requires human or Drosophila Snap29, and is prevented by a Snap29 point mutant that blocks Snap29 release from SNARE fusion complexes. Such mutant causes ectopic Knl1 recruitment to trafficking compartments. We propose that part of the outer kinetochore is functionally similar to membrane fusion interfaces.
Effectiveness of In Virtuo Exposure and Response Prevention Treatment Using Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Study Based on a Single-Case Study Protocol

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of distressing, recurrent and intrusive thoughts, impulses, or doubts as well as behavioral or mental rituals. OCD has various subtypes, including the fear of contamination in which individuals fear bacteria, germs, disease, or bodily secretions, and engage in clinically significant cleaning and avoidance rituals. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for OCD and involves, among other therapeutic strategies, exposing patients to feared stimuli while preventing them to engage in compulsive behaviors. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has shown the potential of in virtuo exposure with people suffering from anxiety disorders and OCD. The objective of this pilot study is to examine the effectiveness of a CBT program where exposure in conducted in virtuo. Three adults suffering from OCD with a dominant subtype of contamination were enrolled in a single-case design with multiple baselines across participants. The presence and intensity of obsessions and compulsions were assessed daily during baselines of 3-, 4-, or 5-week, and a 12-session treatment. Follow-up information was gathered after 4 and 8 months. Treatment outcome is assessed with visual inspection of the graphs and ARMA time-series analyses. Clinical information, self-reports, and details of the treatment are provided for each patient. Statistical analyses for the time-series data revealed a statistically significant improvement in all three participants, but global improvement is considered positive for only two. This study innovates in proving preliminary support for the usefulness of VR in the CBT of OCD with contamination features.
A face detection bias for horizontal orientations develops in middle childhood

Faces are complex stimuli that can be described via intuitive facial features like the eyes, nose, and mouth, “configural” features like the distances between facial landmarks, and features that correspond to computations performed in the early visual system (e.g., oriented edges). With regard to this latter category of descriptors, adult face recognition relies disproportionately on information in specific spatial frequency and orientation bands: many recognition tasks are performed more accurately when adults have access to mid-range spatial frequencies (8–16 cycles/face) and horizontal orientations (Dakin and Watt, 2009). In the current study, we examined how this information bias develops in middle childhood. We recruited children between the ages of 5–10 years-old to participate in a simple categorization task that required them to label images according to whether they depicted a face or a house. Critically, children were presented with face and house images comprised either of primarily horizontal orientation energy, primarily vertical orientation energy, or both horizontal and vertical orientation energy. We predicted that any bias favoring horizontal information over vertical should be more evident in faces than in houses, and also that older children would be more likely to show such a bias than younger children. We designed our categorization task to be sufficiently easy that children would perform at near-ceiling accuracy levels, but with variation in response times that would reflect how they rely on different orientations as a function of age and object category. We found that horizontal bias for face detection (but not house detection) correlated significantly with age, suggesting an emergent category-specific bias for horizontal orientation energy that develops during middle childhood. These results thus suggest that the tuning of high-level recognition to specific low-level visual features takes place over several years of visual development.
Viral dynamics of primary viremia and antiretroviral therapy in simian immunodeficiency virus infection

Mathematical modeling of viral replication dynamics, based on sequential measurements of levels of virion-associated RNA in plasma during antiretroviral treatment, has led to fundamental new insights into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pathogenesis. We took advantage of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model to perform detailed measurements and mathematical modeling during primary infection and during treatment of established infection with the antiretroviral drug (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA). The calculated clearance half-life for productively infected cells during resolution of the peak viremia of primary infection was on the order of 1 day, with slightly shorter clearance half-lives calculated during PMPA treatment. Viral reproduction rates upon discontinuation of PMPA treatment after 2 weeks were approximately twofold greater than those obtained just prior to initiation of treatment in the same animals, likely reflecting accumulation of susceptible target cells during treatment. The basic reproductive ratio (R0) for the spread of SIV infection in vivo, which represents the number of productively infected cells derived from each productively infected cell at the beginning of infection, was also estimated. This parameter quantifies the extent to which antiviral therapy or vaccination must limit the initial spread of virus to prevent establishment of chronic disseminated infection. The results thus provide an important guide for efforts to develop vaccines against SIV and, by extension, human immunodeficiency virus.