Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of intrinsic subtype on predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors for the survival of breast cancer. The correlation between LN metastasis and the tumor (T) category has previously been investigated in certain case series. At present, the initial treatment approach is to define the intrinsic subtype, as it is significant in determining medical treatments, as well as being a prognostic factor. However, the intrinsic subtype is not known to predict the frequency of LN metastasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of LN metastasis with regard to tumor size according to the intrinsic subtype. In total, 654 patients with primary breast cancer were evaluated who underwent surgical resection between 2010 and 2011 at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Nagoya, Aichi). The clinical and pathological data were analyzed for patients who underwent an axillary LN dissection or a sentinel LN biopsy for primary breast cancer. The intrinsic subtype of the primary tumors was classified using immunohistochemical staining of thin, paraffin-embedded sections. In total, 157 (24.0%) of the 654 patients exhibited LN metastasis, and according to the primary tumor category, a larger tumor size was found to correlate with a higher proportion of LN positivity, as well as with the luminal A subtypes (n=364). In luminal B subtypes (n=110), T1a (n=2), T1b (n=12), T1c (n=55), T2 (n=34), and T3 (n=2) exhibited 50, 8.3, 38.2, 55.9 and 50% LN positivity, respectively. In luminal-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtypes (n=46), T1c (n=17), T2 (n=10), and T3 (n=1) exhibited 40.1, 60 and 100% LN positivity, respectively. In HER2 subtypes (n=53), T1a (n=6), T1b (n=4), T1c (n=15), and T2 (n=10) exhibited 16.7, 25, 46.7 and 60% LN positivity, respectively. In triple-negative subtypes (n=81), T1b (n=15), T1c (n=29), T2 (n=20), and T3 (n=2) exhibited 26.7, 24.1, 50 and 50% LN positivity, respectively. In conclusion, the intrinsic subtype is significant in predicting the frequency of LN metastasis with regard to tumor size.
Methanogenic bacteria in human vaginal samples

Twelve vaginal samples were collected from separate patients, processed anaerobically, and added to methanogenic enrichment medium. Methanogenic activity was detected in two samples, both of which were from patients with bacterial vaginosis. None of the samples from healthy patients yielded positive methanogen cultures. One sample from a patient with bacterial vaginosis did not show any detectable methanogenic activity. Two methanogen isolates were obtained from one of the methanogen-positive samples, and both were identified as Methanobrevibacter smithii on the basis of morphological, cultural, and immunological features.
Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial

Objective To determine whether screening and treating women for chlamydial infection reduces the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease over the subsequent 12 months. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Common rooms, lecture theatres, and student bars at universities and further education colleges in London. Participants 2529 sexually active female students, mean age 21 years (range 16-27). Intervention Participants completed a questionnaire and provided self taken vaginal swabs, with follow-up after one year. Samples were randomly allocated to immediate testing and treatment for chlamydial infection, or storage and analysis after a year (deferred screening controls). Main outcome measure Incidence of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months. Results Baseline prevalence of chlamydia was 5.4% (68/1254) in screened women and 5.9% (75/1265) in controls. 94% (2377/2529) of women were followed up after 12 months. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease was 1.3% (15/1191) in screened women compared with 1.9% (23/1186) in controls (relative risk 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 1.22). Seven of 74 control women (9.5%, 95% confidence interval 4.7% to 18.3%) who tested positive for chlamydial infection at baseline developed pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months compared with one of 63 (1.6%) screened women (relative risk 0.17, 0.03 to 1.01). However, most episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease occurred in women who tested negative for chlamydia at baseline (79%, 30/38). 22% (527/2377) of women reported being tested independently for chlamydia during the trial. Conclusion Although some evidence suggests that screening for chlamydia reduces rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, especially in women with chlamydial infection at baseline, the effectiveness of a single chlamydia test in preventing pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months may have been overestimated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00115388.
A Theory of Noninterference for the π-Calculus

We develop a theory of noninterference for a typed version of the πcalculus where types are used to assign secrecy levels to channels. We provide two equivalent characterizations of noninterference based on a typed behavioural equivalence relative to a security level σ, which captures the idea of external observers of level σ. The first characterization involves a universal quantification over all the possible active attacks, i.e., malicious processes which interact with the system possibly leaking secret information. The second definition of noninterference is expressed in terms of an unwinding condition, which deals with so-called passive attacks trying to infer confidential information just by observing the behaviour of the system. This unwinding-based characterization naturally leads to efficient methods for the verification and construction of (compositional) secure systems. Furthermore, we characterize noninterference in terms of bisimulation-like (partial) equivalence relations in the style of a stream of similar studies for other process calculi (e.g., CCS and CryptoSPA) and languages (e.g., imperative and multi-threaded languages).
ECG Signal Compression and Optimization in Remote Monitoring Networks

We proposed a practical ECG compression system which is beneficial for tele-monitoring cardiovascular diseases. There are two steps in the compression framework. First, we partition ECG signal into segments according to R- to R-wave periods. The partition aims at achieving more stable statistical features between segments of ECG signal which is beneficial for saving bit rates. After the partition, we optimize the bit rate in the sense of minimizing ECG reconstruction error under a constraint of consumed bits. From the experiment results, the proposed compression scheme is able to reduce the computation for updating codebook, and save channel capacity resources for transmitting ECG signals.
Tempo Estimation Based on Linear Prediction and Perceptual Modelling

Many applications demand the automatic induction of the tempo of a musical excerpt. The tempo estimation systems follow a general scheme that consists of two main steps: the creation of a feature list and the detection of periodicities on this list. In this study, we propose a new method for the implementation of the first step, along with the addition of a final step that will enhance the tempo estimation procedure. The proposed method for the extraction of the feature list is based on Gammatone subspace analysis and Linear Prediction Error Filters (LPEFs). As a final step on the system, the application of a model that approximates the tempo perception by human listeners is proposed. The results of the evaluation indicate the proposed method compares favourably with other, state-of-the-art tempo estimation methods, using only one frame of the musical experts when most of the literature methods demand the processing of the whole piece.
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Acute Dacryocystitis: A Multicenter Case Series

Objective: To present our experience of early endonasal DCR (endoDCR) in the treatment of acute dacryocystitis (AD). Methods. International multicenter non-comparative retrospective study. Results: Eighteen patients were identified. All were treated with antibiotics prior to surgery with a median of time from referral to endoDCR surgeon to surgery of 3 days (range 1-7). Surgery was performed using mechanical powered endoDCR (MENDCR) in 15/18 (83.3%) cases; mitomycin C was used in 5/18 (27.8%) and all cases underwent bicanalicular intubation. An increase in perioperative bleeding was noted in 5/18 (27.8%), causing interference in surgical technique in one (5.6%). Resolution of AD was seen in all cases, with no recurrences. 17/18 (94.4%) cases were free of epiphora at median follow-up of 12 months (range 2–36), with nasal endoscopy revealing free flow of fluorescein through the ostium in 17/18 (94.4%) of cases. The median total length of stay was 1 night (range 0–3). Conclusions: EndoDCR surgery performed early in AD led to rapid resolution of the condition in all cases and was associated with subsequent anatomical and functional success in 94.4% of cases. Early endoDCR surgery in the context of AD and the potential associated health economic benefits are worth further consideration and study.
Adults' perceptions of of internalizing and externalizing behaviours in preschoolers

Across the lifespan, females are more likely to experience internalizing problems while males are more likely to experience externalizing problems. Recent theories in developmental psychopathology suggest that early gender role socialization by parents may play a role in creating these gender differences. The current study examined parents' level of concern regarding a wide range of internalizing and externalizing behaviours in descriptions of a hypothetical four-year-old boy or girl. Parents' sex role attitudes were also examined. Results indicated that parents did not differentially respond to boys and girls and that sex role attitudes did not affect this relationship. Both mothers and fathers rated externalizing behaviours as more concerning than internalizing behaviours for both boys and girls. This was notable given that clinical psychology graduate students specializing in child development rated the internalizing and externalizing behaviours as equally concerning. Implications for referral of internalizing problems to mental health services are discussed.
An agent-oriented approach for self-management of industrial automation systems

The increasing complexity of modern industrial automation systems (IAS) makes support of technical system management tasks necessary. Towards this goal, a generic agent-based concept for self-management systems is introduced, that supports efficient integration of self-management functions during operation time of IAS. Starting with the specific requirements on self-management systems in the domain of IAS a basic architecture is derived and completed with 6 different agent types that work on 3 levels. The functional principle is explained by means of a real-world example of a passenger lift system that is extended with self-healing functionality.
ENCOPLOT: Pairwise Sequence Matching in Linear Time Applied to Plagiarism Detection ∗

In this paper we describe a new general plagiarism detection method, that we used in our winning entry to the 1 st International Competition on Plagia- rism Detection, the external plagiarism detection task, which assumes the source documents are available. In the first phase of our method, a matrix of kernel values is computed, which gives a similarity value based on n-grams between each source and each suspicious document. In the second phase, each promising pair is further investigated, in order to extract the precise positions and lengths of the subtexts that have been copied and maybe obfuscated - using encoplot, a novel linear time pairwise sequence matching technique. We solved the significant computational chal- lenges arising from having to compare millions of document pairs by using a library developed by our group mainly for use in network security tools. The performance achieved is comparing more than 49 million pairs of documents in 12 hours on a single computer. The results in the challenge were very good, we outperformed all other methods.
Cupid: Cluster-Based Exploration of Geometry Generators with Parallel Coordinates and Radial Trees

Geometry generators are commonly used in video games and evaluation systems for computer vision to create geometric shapes such as terrains, vegetation or airplanes. The parameters of the generator are often sampled automatically which can lead to many similar or unwanted geometric shapes. In this paper, we propose a novel visual exploration approach that combines the abstract parameter space of the geometry generator with the resulting 3D shapes in a composite visualization. Similar geometric shapes are first grouped using hierarchical clustering and then nested within an illustrative parallel coordinates visualization. This helps the user to study the sensitivity of the generator with respect to its parameter space and to identify invalid parameter settings. Starting from a compact overview representation, the user can iteratively drill-down into local shape differences by clicking on the respective clusters. Additionally, a linked radial tree gives an overview of the cluster hierarchy and enables the user to manually split or merge clusters. We evaluate our approach by exploring the parameter space of a cup generator and provide feedback from domain experts.
Modulating functional and dysfunctional mentalizing by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Mentalizing, the ability to attribute mental states to others and oneself, is a cognitive function with high relevance for social interactions. Recent neuroscientific research has increasingly contributed to attempts to decompose this complex social cognitive function into constituting neurocognitive building blocks. Additionally, clinical research that focuses on social cognition to find links between impaired social functioning and neurophysiological deviations has accumulated evidence that mentalizing is affected in most psychiatric disorders. Recently, both lines of research have started to employ transcranial magnetic stimulation: the first to modulate mentalizing in order to specify its neurocognitive components, the latter to treat impaired mentalizing in clinical conditions. This review integrates findings of these two different approaches to draw a more detailed picture of the neurocognitive basis of mentalizing and its deviations in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, we evaluate the effectiveness of hitherto employed stimulation techniques and protocols, paradigms and outcome measures. Based on this overview we highlight new directions for future research on the neurocognitive basis of functional and dysfunctional social cognition.
Investigating enterprise application integration benefits and barriers in healthcare organisations: an exploratory case study

Over the years, healthcare organisations have focused on the latest technological innovations to overcome their organisational problems. There was rarely a single approach for implementing Information Systems (IS), as healthcare organisations have developed their applications without a common enterprise architectural planning. Nowadays, dozens, if not hundreds of different types of open and proprietary systems exist in healthcare organisations. This growing complexity of healthcare IS has driven IS managers to seek applicable solutions for integrating their systems. As a result, different integration efforts have continuously been made to overcome integration problems. Recently technological developments have emerged in the area of integration technology such as enterprise application integration (EAI) and web services. This paper seeks to expand the knowledge on EAI, and focuses on understanding the EAI benefits and barriers in healthcare organisations.
On compile-time evaluation of process partitioning transformations for Kahn process networks

Kahn Process Networks is an appealing model of computation for programming and mapping applications onto multi-processor platforms. Autonomous processes communicate through unbounded FIFO channels in absence of a global scheduler. We derive Kahn process networks from sequential applications using the pn compiler, but the derived networks do not necessarily meet the performance requirements. Process partitioning transformations can achieve a more balanced network improving the performance results significantly. There are a number of process partitioning transformations that can be used, but no hints are given to the designer which transformation should be applied to minimize, for example, the execution time. Therefore, we investigate a compile-time approach for selecting the best transformation candidate and show results on a Xilinx Virtex 2 FPGA and the Cell BE processor.
Differences between journalistic and academic accounts of child sexual abuse in Australia

The paper uses qualitative textual analysis to compare journalistic and academic accounts of child sexual abuse. There are seven main differences. Academic accounts suggest higher levels of neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse than sexual abuse in Australia, by contrast, journalistic accounts highlight sexual abuse. Academic accounts suggest that child sexual abuse in Australia is decreasing; journalistic accounts suggest that it is increasing. Academic accounts suggest that the majority of cases of child sexual abuse are perpetrated by family members; journalistic accounts focus on abuse by institutional figures (teachers, priests) or by strangers. Academic accounts have shown that innocent sexual play is a normal part of childhood development; journalistic accounts suggest that any sexual play is either a sign of abuse, or in itself constitutes sexual abuse. Academic accounts suggest that one of the best ways to prevent sexual abuse is for children to receive sex education; journalistic accounts suggest that children finding out about sex leads to sexual abuse. Academic accounts can gather data from the victims; journalistic accounts are excluded from doing so. Academic researchers talk to abusers in order to understand how child sexual abuse can be prevented; journalistic accounts exclude the voices of child sexual abusers.
Effects of Low- and High-Passage Influenza Virus Infection in Normal and Nude Mice

A human isolate of type A Hong Kong influenza virus (H3N2) was adapted to mice by serial passage. Lung homogenates from mice who received low passage levels contained about the same quantity of virus (106.2−6.95 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) as those from mice who received high passage levels (105.95−6.45 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml); however, death occurred only in animals given high-passage virus. Passage 3 (P3) and passage 9 (P9) viruses were selected as representative of low-passage and high-passage viruses, respectively. Although minimal differences were detected in infectivity for rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures and mice, P9 virus was at least 10,000 times more lethal for mice (mean lethal dose = 104.2). Infection with P3 virus was accompanied by minimal bronchitis and bronchiolitis only, whereas P9-infected animals exhibited marked bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Striking thymic cortical atrophy was also demonstrable in the P9-infected animals and, although virus was more commonly recovered from thymuses from these animals, immunofluorescent studies revealed only a few cells containing influenza virus antigens. To further explore the participation of thymus-derived lymphocytes in influenza, athymic nude mice and furred immunocompetent littermates were given 500 50% mouse infectious doses of P9 virus. Nude mice exhibited an increased survival time and, in contrast to the extensive lung pathology seen in furred littermates, manifested minimal cellular infiltration and no tissue destruction in lungs. Brains from nude mice exhibited encephalomalacia with lymphocytic perivascular cuffing, which was not seen in furred animals. Virus was recovered from brains of 6 of 13 nude mice and 1 of 10 furred animals. The contrasting models suggest that thymus-dependent cells play a significant role in the inflammatory response to influenza virus infection and should prove useful for probing host-virus interactions which characterize influenza virus virulence.
Integrating Spatial Information into Inverted Index for Large-Scale Image Retrieval

In recent years, large-scale image retrieval has been shown remarkable potential in real-life applications. To reduce retrieval time as searched database may contain thousands of images, Inverted Indexing is the basic technique, given images are represented by Bag-of-Words model. However, one major limitation of both standard Inverted Index and Bag-of-Words model is that they ignore spatial information of the visual words in images. This might reduce retrieval accuracy. In this paper, we introduce an approach to integrate spatial information into inverted index to improve accuracy while maintaining short retrieval time. Experiments conducted on several benchmark datasets (Oxford Building 5K, Paris 6K and Oxford Building 5K+100K) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Development and Evaluation of a Large-Scale Agent-Based System for Information Literacy Education - Improving the Automatic Collection of Learning Results through Template Matching

Freeware learn-to-touch-type software, which is available for download without charge, caters for individual learning style but, in many cases, is not equipped with the features to manage the entire learning of the students. Using this type of training software for individual learning styles, our research developed a learning management system for the automatic collection of learning results in a large-scale training session. This system uses template matching to convert the image data on the achievement results screen into text data, and stores the results in a database. Our system was applied in teaching 640 students, and learning was shown clearly to be effective by including a comparison with another faculty (764 students) that did not use the system. In addition, an improvement to the image processing for the automatic collection of learning results was developed.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2, 7 and 9, and Their Tissue Inhibitors 1 and 2, in Developing Rabbit Tracheae

Background: Structural changes in the developing conducting airway impact the rigidity of the airway, altering the airway’s ability to sustain its shape during ventilation. The developmental changes in airway compliance oppose the changes in compliance of the developing lung; thus the expression profiles of matrix modeling proteins likely are also opposite in these developing organs. Objectives: To determine the profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -7, and -9 and tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) -1 and -2 in the developing trachea and test the hypothesis these profiles would contrast those previously reported for the lung. Methods: Rabbits tracheae were harvested at 21 days of gestation, 3 and 17 days postgestation and at adulthood. Tissue homogenates were analyzed by substrate zymography for the activity of MMPs, and reverse zymography for TIMPs. Immunostainings on neonatal lamb tracheal rings were used to localize MMP-2 and 9. Results: Analysis revealed an age-dependent decrease in total MMP-2 quantity and the ratio of active to latent forms. TIMP-2 shows a time-dependent increase throughout airway development. Total MMP-9 and TIMP-1 quantities were unchanged across these ages, although MMP-9 protein was found predominantly in its latent form during development and predominantly in its active form during adulthood. Respiratory epithelial cells reacted positive for both MMP-2 and 9 and trachealis muscle fibers were positive for MMP-2. No MMP-7 expression was identified in the rabbit airway. Conclusions: The opposing developmental patterns in MMP-2 expression between the airway and lung lead to speculation regarding the role of MMP-2 activity on changes in organ compliance.