Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Scheduled Power Saving Mechanism for 802.11 Wireless LANs

Power conservation is a general concern for mobile computing and communication. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the current 802.11 power saving mechanism (unscheduled PSM) and identify that background network traffic can have a significant impact on the power consumption of mobile stations. To improve power efficiency, a novel scheduled PSM protocol based on time slicing is proposed in this paper. The protocol adopts the mechanism of time division, schedules the access point to deliver pending data at designated time slices, and adaptively adjusts the power state of the mobile stations. The proposed scheme is near theoretical optimal for power saving. It greatly reduces the effect of background traffic, minimizes the station idle time, and maximizes its energy utilization. Comprehensive analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the new protocol. The results show that the new protocol provides significant energy saving over the unscheduled PSM, particularly in circumstances where multiple traffic streams coexist in a network. Moreover, it achieves the saving at the cost of only a slight degradation of the one-way-delay performance.
The Application of Unsupervised Clustering in Radar Signal Preselection Based on DOA Parameters

With the deterioration of electronic environment, using signals DOA (direction of arrival) parameters has great significance to preselect multiple radar pulses. Cluster analysis as an important means of data classification, is gradually applied to radar signal sorting. In this paper, a novel method of signal sorting flowsheet is proposed based on Fuzzy Clustering to sort emitters DOA as data objects, with dynamic clustering for reference and Gaussian distance function instead of Euclidean distance. This method avoids establishing enormous similar matrix and adapt to the change of the number of emitters. The result of simulation demonstrates that this method is effective.
Rethinking Team Boundaries

Boundedness – the distinction between members and non-members – has long been a central defining feature of a team. In this perspective paper, we start by discussing classic conceptualizations of team boundaries, which emphasize the importance of boundary clarity. Yet many teams are more fluid, more overlapping and more dispersed − and consequently their boundaries are less clear − than ever before. We review recent literature that begins to illuminate the changing nature of team boundaries, and argue that fluidity, overlap, and dispersion have important implications for teams through their effects on members’ shared identity and mutual understanding. We propose that today’s teams can be usefully characterized as tightly versus loosely bounded, rather than as clearly bounded by definition, and conclude by examining the implications of the changing nature of team boundaries for future theoretical and empirical research on teams.
Performance Increase by Software Decomposition with Characteristics of Combinational Logic

Software development for multicore or multiprocessor systems is complex and error prone. The development of sequential source code is familiar and a proven procedure. The model presented in this paper can help to make use of current hardware architectures with existing software. This model makes a change in execution possible and could lead to hardware software co-design. This paper presents a way to decompose sequential software. The characteristics are used for new arrangements of the fragments and in software visualization. The visualization supports the developers in understanding internal dependencies. Some improvements in visual presentation by reducing complexity are discussed.
Monoglyceride lipase deficiency causes desensitization of intestinal cannabinoid receptor type 1 and increased colonic μ-opioid receptor sensitivity

Monoglyceride lipase (MGL) degrades 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), an endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptors (CB1/2). Because the CB1 receptor is involved in the control of gut function, we investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of MGL on intestinal motility. Furthermore, we determined whether defective 2‐AG degradation affects μ‐opioid receptor (μ receptor) signalling, a parallel pathway regulating gut motility.
Reducing model checking from multi-valued CTL* to CTL

A multi-valued version of CTL* (mv-CTL*), where both the propositions and the accessibility relation are multi-valued taking values in a finite quasi-boolean algebra, is considered. A general translation from mv-CTL* to CTL* model checking is defined. An application of the translation is shown for the most commonly used quasi-boolean algebras.
Applying bacterial algorithm to optimise trapezoidal membership functions in a fuzzy rule base

This paper presents a method of using the so-called „bacterial algorithm” [4, 5] for extracting the fuzzy rule base from a training set. The class of membership functions is restricted to trapezoidal, as it is general enough and widely used. The pseudobacterial genetic algorithm (PBGA) is show. The PBGA optimises the trapezoidal membership functions in the rules by the bacterial mutation operator. This allows the change of more than one membership function at one time, and fine-tuning as well. Besides, it is important to determine the optimal rule number in the rule base. For this, further operators are used, which eliminates the ineffective rules and contract groups of two or more similar rules into single ones.The evaluation criteria of these operators for trapezoidal membership functions is proposed.
Effect of Repeated Glucagon Doses on Hepatic Glycogen in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for a Bihormonal Closed-Loop System

OBJECTIVE To evaluate subjects with type 1 diabetes for hepatic glycogen depletion after repeated doses of glucagon, simulating delivery in a bihormonal closed-loop system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven adult subjects with type 1 diabetes participated. Subjects underwent estimation of hepatic glycogen using 13C MRS. MRS was performed at the following four time points: fasting and after a meal at baseline, and fasting and after a meal after eight doses of subcutaneously administered glucagon at a dose of 2 µg/kg, for a total mean dose of 1,126 µg over 16 h. The primary and secondary end points were, respectively, estimated hepatic glycogen by MRS and incremental area under the glucose curve for a 90-min interval after glucagon administration. RESULTS In the eight subjects with complete data sets, estimated glycogen stores were similar at baseline and after repeated glucagon doses. In the fasting state, glycogen averaged 21 ± 3 g/L before glucagon administration and 25 ± 4 g/L after glucagon administration (mean ± SEM) (P = NS). In the fed state, glycogen averaged 40 ± 2 g/L before glucagon administration and 34 ± 4 g/L after glucagon administration (P = NS). With the use of an insulin action model, the rise in glucose after the last dose of glucagon was comparable to the rise after the first dose, as measured by the 90-min incremental area under the glucose curve. CONCLUSIONS In adult subjects with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (mean A1C 7.2%), glycogen stores and the hyperglycemic response to glucagon administration are maintained even after receiving multiple doses of glucagon. This finding supports the safety of repeated glucagon delivery in the setting of a bihormonal closed-loop system.
Bois and grrrls meet their daddies and mommies on gender playgrounds: Gendered age play in the les-bi-trans-queer BDSM communities

Based on a qualitative empirical study of les-bi-trans-queer BDSM in the USA and Europe, this article discusses sexual practices that explore the significance of age, gender and sexuality and their simultaneous workings to produce desires, embodiments, identities, intimacies and kinships that transgress and partially transform heteronormative social concepts. Queer ‘age play’ and ‘intergenerational play’ practices involved processes of becoming-child in the Deleuzian sense, renegotiating masculinity and femininity in relation to age, power and sexist stereotypes, as well as compensation for queer- and gender-related limitations experienced in one’s own childhood.
Improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm by using orthogonal experimental design

In Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), the worst frog' position is improved based on the experiences of the best local or global frog, in two steps separately. In this Algorithm, discovering more useful information of previous search experience through designing learning strategies is a challenging research. While each of these experiences may has better value on some dimensions, the other one may has better value due on some others. Hence, an orthogonal learning (OL) strategy as a learning strategy is proposed that combines good dimensions of them by orthogonal experimental design (OED). Combined dimensions' values form a more efficient guidance vector to guide the worst frogs leaping to global best area. This modified SFLA is introduced as Orthogonal Learning Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (OLSFLA). The proposed strategy is evaluated on a set of 13 benchmark functions including unimodal and multimodal. Results confirm that this strategy in most of the time improves the performance of SFLA, offering faster global convergence, higher solution quality in comparison with some SFLA.
Büchi Types for Infinite Traces and Liveness

We develop a new type and effect system based on B\"uchi automata to capture finite and infinite traces produced by programs in a small language which allows non-deterministic choices and infinite recursions. There are two key technical contributions: (a) an abstraction based on equivalence relations defined by the policy B\"uchi automaton, the B\"uchi abstraction; (b) a novel type and effect system to correctly capture infinite traces. We show how the B\"uchi abstraction fits into the abstract interpretation framework and show soundness and completeness.
Application and Progress of Combined Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by myocardial infarction (MI) using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a widely researched field, with promising clinical application. However, the low survival rate of transplanted cells has a severe impact on treatment outcome. Currently, research is focused on investigating the strategy of combining genetic engineering, tissue engineering materials, and drug/hypoxia preconditioning to improve ischemic cardiomyopathy treatment outcome using MSC transplantation treatment (MSCTT). This review discusses the application and progress of these techniques.
Bradykinin/B2 receptor activation regulates renin in M‐1 cells via protein kinase C and nitric oxide

In the collecting duct (CD), the interactions of renin angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein‐kinin system (KKS) modulate Na+ reabsorption, volume homeostasis, and blood pressure. In this study, we used a mouse kidney cortical CD cell line (M‐1 cells) to test the hypothesis that in the CD, the activation of bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) increases renin synthesis and release. Physiological concentrations of bradykinin (BK) treatment of M‐1 cells increased renin mRNA and prorenin and renin protein contents in a dose‐dependent manner and increased threefold renin content in the cell culture media. These effects were mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) independently of protein kinase A (PKA) because B2R antagonism with Icatibant and PKC inhibition with calphostin C, prevented these responses, but PKA inhibition with H89 did not modify the effects elicited by the B2R activation. BK‐dependent stimulation of renin gene expression in CD cells also involved nitric oxide (NO) pathway because increased cGMP levels and inhibition of NO synthase with L‐NAME prevented it. Complementary renin immunohistochemical studies performed in kidneys from mice with conventional B2R knockout and conditional B2R knockout in the CD, showed marked decreased renin immunoreactivity in CD, regardless of the renin presence in juxtaglomerular cells in the knockout mice. These results indicate that the activation of B2R increases renin synthesis and release by the CD cells through PKC stimulation and NO release, which support further the interactions between the RAS and KKS.
Proteomic Interactions in the Mouse Vitreous-Retina Complex

Purpose Human vitreoretinal diseases are due to presumed abnormal mechanical interactions between the vitreous and retina, and translational models are limited. This study determined whether nonstructural proteins and potential retinal biomarkers were expressed by the normal mouse vitreous and retina. Methods Vitreous and retina samples from mice were collected by evisceration and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were further analyzed for differential expression and functional interactions using bioinformatic software. Results We identified 1,680 unique proteins in the retina and 675 unique proteins in the vitreous. Unbiased clustering identified protein pathways that distinguish retina from vitreous including oxidative phosphorylation and neurofilament cytoskeletal remodeling, whereas the vitreous expressed oxidative stress and innate immunology pathways. Some intracellular protein pathways were found in both retina and vitreous, such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and neuronal signaling, suggesting proteins might be shuttled between the retina and vitreous. We also identified human disease biomarkers represented in the mouse vitreous and retina, including carbonic anhydrase-2 and 3, crystallins, macrophage inhibitory factor, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxins, S100 precursors, and von Willebrand factor. Conclusions Our analysis suggests the vitreous expresses nonstructural proteins that functionally interact with the retina to manage oxidative stress, immune reactions, and intracellular proteins may be exchanged between the retina and vitreous. This novel proteomic dataset can be used for investigating human vitreoretinopathies in mouse models. Validation of vitreoretinal biomarkers for human ocular diseases will provide a critical tool for diagnostics and an avenue for therapeutics.
Error Introduced by the Infinite-Sites Model 1

In a recent paper, Henry Harpending and I (Rogers and Harpending 1992) interpret variation in human mitochondrial DNA by using a model by Li ( 1977 ) . The model is unrealistic in several respects, one of which is its use of the “infinite sites” model (Kimura 1969 ) of molecular evolution. This model assumes that no nucleotide (or restriction) site mutates more than once, an assumption that is clearly violated in human data (Kocher and Wilson 199 1). The infinite-sites model may nonetheless be useful as an approximation, provided that the error it introduces is small. This note evaluates the relative error of this approximation. Harpending and I make use of the infinite-sites assumption at only one point in our analysis: we assume that differences between a pair of individuals are introduced at a rate, 2u per generation, which is constant in time. With a finite number of sites, this assumption cannot hold exactly, because, after a nucleotide site has been struck once by mutation, later mutations need not add to the count of differences between our pair of individuals. The more sites there are with prior mutations, the lower will be the rate at which new differences accumulate. Thus, differences accumulate at a decreasing, rather than a constant, rate. Let D(t) denote the expected number of differences over a finite number, K, of nucleotide sites between a pair of lineages that have been separated for t generations. Under the infinite-sites model, D(t) = 2Kyt, where l.t is the mutation rate per nucleotide site, and where K --* cc while p + 0, such that Kl.t remains finite. Here, I assume instead that K is finite and that mutation at the ith site follows a Poisson process with rate l.ti per generation. Thus, the number of mutations at site i since time zero is Poisson with mean 2pLit. In human data, transversions are rare. Thus, I assume that all mutations are transitions. Consider the comparison, between two lineages, at a single site, say site i. Initially, at time 0, the two lineages will be identical, since they share a common ancestor then. The first mutation along the path connecting the two lineages will make them different at site i, but the second will restore their identity, because of the assumption that all mutations are transitions. Each successive mutation at site i toggles the two lineages back and forth between the states of identity and nonidentity. The probability that the two lineages differ at site i is thus equal to the probability that the number of prior mutations there is odd. This probability is ( 1-e-4”1t)/2 (Haldane 1919). The expected sum of differences over all K sites is
Towards Safe Human-Robot Interaction: Joint Impedance Control of a New Teleoperated Robot Arm

The paper focuses on design and joint impedance control of a new teleoperated robot arm enabling torque measurement in each joint by means of incorporation of devised optical torque sensors. When the contact of arm with an object occurs, joint impedance algorithm provides active compliance of corresponding robot arm joint. Thus, the whole structure of the manipulator can safely interact with unstructured environment. In the paper, we describe detailed design procedure of the 4-DOF robot arm and optical torque sensors. To extract force signal from measured data, the gravity compensation algorithm was elaborated and verified. The experimental results of joint impedance control show that proposed strategy provides safe interaction of entire structure of robot arm with human beings and ensures the collision avoidance.
The Sensitivity of Corporate Governance Systems to the Timeliness of Accounting Earnings *

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how governance systems of large public U.S. corporations vary with information properties of numbers produced by their financial accounting systems. We argue that in firms whose current accounting numbers do a relatively poor job of capturing the effects of the firm’s current activities and outcomes on shareholder value, the accounting numbers are less effective in the governance setting. We predict that such firms will substitute costly governance mechanisms to compensate for their less useful accounting numbers. We explore whether governance systems vary with the timeliness of earnings by examining the cross-sectional relation between proxies for earnings timeliness and subsequent corporate governance systems of 784 firms in the Fortune 1000. The governance systems we consider include board composition, stockholdings of inside and outside directors, ownership concentration and the structure of executive compensation. Our results support a significant negative relation between our timeliness metrics and subsequent costly corporate governance mechanisms after controlling for other firm characteristics. JEL classification: G30, M41, J33
Novel Coordinate Transformation and Robust Cooperative Formation Control for Swarms of Spacecraft

This paper presents a new coordinate transformation method for controlling a large number of spacecraft moving in elliptical orbits. A new coordinate transformation method for phase synchronization of spacecraft in relative elliptical orbits is introduced to effectively maintain desired formation patterns. The proposed controller, which employs both the adaptive graph Laplacian matrix and the distance-based connectivity rule, synchronizes the relative motions of spacecraft with a guaranteed property of robustness. A complex time-varying network topology, constructed by the proposed controller, relaxes the standard requirement of consensus stability, even permitting stabilization on an arbitrary unbalanced graph. A challenging example of reconfiguring swarms of spacecraft shows the reliability of the coordinate transformation method and the effectiveness of the proposed phase synchronization controller.
Granulomatous Disease Cells from Patients with X-linked Chronic + Mobilized CD 34 Oxidase Defect in NOD / SCID Mouse Repopulating Peripheral Blood Lentivector Corrects thephox Generation Self-Inactivating gp 91 rd

HIV-1 derived lentivectors are promising for gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells, but require pre-clinical in vivo evaluation relevant to specific human diseases. Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice accept human hematopoietic stem cell grafts providing a unique opportunity for in vivo evaluation of therapies targeting human hematopoietic diseases. We demonstrate for the first time that hematopoietic stem cells from X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) patients give rise to X-CGD phenotype neutrophils in the NOD/SCID model that can be corrected using VSV-G pseudotyped 3 generation self-inactivating (SIN) lentivector encoding gp91. We transduced X-CGD patient mobilized CD34 peripheral blood stem cells (CD34PBSC) with lentivector-gp91 or amphotropic onco-retrovirus MFGS-gp91 and evaluated correction ex vivo and in vivo in NOD/SCID mice. Only lentivector transduced CD34PBSC under ex vivo conditions non-permissive for cell division, but both vectors performed best under conditions permissive for proliferation (multiple growth factors). Under the latter conditions both lentivector and MFGS achieved significant ex vivo correction of X-CGD CD34PBSC (18% and 54% of cells expressing gp91, associated with 53% and 163% of normal superoxide production, respectively). However, lentivector, but not MFGS, achieved significant correction of human X-CGD neutrophils arising in vivo in transplanted NOD/SCID mice (20% and 2.4%, respectively). Thus, 3 generation SIN lentivector-gp91 performs well as assessed in human X-CGD neutrophils differentiating in vivo, and our studies suggest that the NOD/SCID model is generally applicable for in vivo study of therapies evaluated in human blood cells expressing a specific disease phenotype. email: hmalech@nih.gov only. For personal use at PENN STATE UNIVERSITY on February 23, 2013. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org From
Performance comparison of active contour level set methods in image segmentation

Active contour model (ACM) approaches for image segmentation and feature extraction have emerged as very appealing and powerful tools in image processing. The basis of ACM approach is to evolve a curve, called level set, to extract the desired object (s) under some constraints. In this course, various extensions of earlier Osher's level set model have been suggested in the litareture. More recently, a new ACM model referred to selective binary and Gaussian filtering regularized level set (SBGFRIL) has been put forward as a fruitful combination of geodesic active contour model (GAC) and Chan-Vese (C-V) active contour models. This paper attempts to put forward some appealing performance indices to assess the performances of the suggested SBGFRIL compared with GAC and V-C models. The performance metrics involve the clustering based quality evaluations.
Implementation of three-dimensional FPGA-based FDTD solvers: an architectural overview

Maxwell's equations, which govern electromagnetic propagation, are a system of coupled, differential equations. As such, they can be represented in difference form, thus allowing their numerical solution. By implementing both the temporal and spatial derivatives of Maxwell's equations in difference form, we arrive at one of the most common computational electromagnetic algorithms, the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method (Yee, 1966). In this technique, the region of interest is sampled to generate a grid of points, hereafter referred to as a mesh. The discretized form of Maxwell's equations is then solved at each point in the mesh to determine the associated electromagnetic fields. In this extended abstract, we present an architecture that overcomes the previous limitations. We begin with a high-level description of the computational flow of this architecture.