Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impulsive-aggressive behaviours and completed suicide across the life cycle: a predisposition for younger age of suicide

Background It is unclear whether the association between impulsive-aggressive behaviours and suicide exists across different ages. Method Via psychological autopsy, we examined a total of 645 subjects aged 11–87 years who died by suicide. Proxy-based interviews were conducted using the SCID-I & SCID-II or K-SADS interviews and a series of behavioural and personality-trait assessments. Secondarily, 246 living controls were similarly assessed. Results Higher levels of impulsivity, lifetime history of aggression, and novelty seeking were associated with younger age of death by suicide, while increasing levels of harm avoidance were associated with increasing age of suicide. This effect was observed after accounting for age-related psychopathology (current and lifetime depressive disorders, lifetime anxiety disorders, current and lifetime substance abuse disorders, psychotic disorders and cluster B personality disorders). Age effects were not due to the characteristics of informants, and such effects were not observed among living controls. When directly controlling for major psychopathology, the interaction between age, levels of impulsivity, aggression and novelty seeking predicted suicide status while controlling for the independent contributions of age and these traits. Conclusions Higher levels of impulsive-aggressive traits play a greater role in suicide occurring among younger individuals, with decreasing importance with increasing age.
Down‐Regulation of HLA‐G1 Cell Surface Expression in Human Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells

Problem: Down‐modulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G1 cell surface expression by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has only been studied in cellular models expressing independent unique short (US) recombinant proteins, but not in the context of viral infection. To explore the level of HLA‐G1 cell surface expression after HCMV infection and to investigate the influence of US viral proteins, we infected HLA‐G1 expressing cells by HCMV laboratory strains.
Factors influencing students’ learning approaches in auditing

Purpose This paper aims to report on an investigation to understand factors influencing students learning approaches in the discipline of auditing. Design/methodology/approach By using the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students research instrument the learning approaches of students in auditing at a South African residential university were measured on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. This was followed by focus group discussions to obtain a deeper understanding of the factors that influenced the ways their audit studies were approached. Findings The results revealed a contrasting view with that presented in the literature, in that senior students were more inclined to adopt a surface approach. This could be attributed to learning environment dimensions such as the teaching and assessment practices as well as students’ perceptions of the workload. Further statistical analysis revealed that gender and race influenced students’ learning approaches at specific levels. Research limitations/implications The data are drawn from audit students at a residential university in South Africa; the findings of the study may thus not be generalisable beyond that context. Originality/value The study extends the existing student learning literature by adding perspectives from the discipline auditing. It could stimulate educators’ scholarly interest in pedagogic research which could contribute to curriculum and teaching method changes that equip audit educators to promote deep learning.
A First Investigation on the Dynamics of Two Delayed Neurons through Fuzzy Transform Approximation

Fuzzy transform is a promising approximation technique. In this paper, we use it to approximate a delayed function in a two-neuron system. We formally study the effect of this approximation, by elucidating the dynamics of the resulting discrete system. A linear stability analysis has been performed, with a first investigation on the possible bifurcations. Hopf bifurcation can occur under certain conditions.
Measurement of percentage of body fat in 411 children and adolescents: a comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with a four-compartment model.

OBJECTIVE Pediatricians are encountering body composition information more frequently, with percentage of body fat (%BF) measurement receiving particular attention as a result of the obesity epidemic. One confounding issue is that different methods may yield different %BF results in the same person. The objective of this study was to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with the criterion 4-compartment model (4-CM) for measurement of %BF in a large pediatric cohort and to assist pediatricians in appropriate interpretation of body composition information by recognizing differences between techniques. METHODS Height, weight, anthropometrics, body density by underwater weighing, total body water by deuterium dilution, and bone mineral content and %BF by DXA (Lunar DPX/DPX-L) were measured in 411 healthy subjects, aged 6 to 18 years. Values for %BF by 4-CM and DXA were compared using regression analysis. RESULTS The mean +/- standard deviation values for %BF by DXA (22.73% +/- 11.23%) and by 4-CM (21.72% +/- 9.42%) were different, but there was a strong relationship between the 2 methods (R2 = 0.85). DXA underestimated %BF in subjects with lower %BF and overestimated it in those with higher %BF. The relationship between the 2 methods was not affected by gender, age, ethnicity, pubertal stage, height, weight, or body mass index. The standard error of the estimate was 3.66%. CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrates a predictable relationship between DXA and 4-CM for %BF measurement. Because of its ease of use, consistent relationship with 4-CM, and availability, we propose that DXA has the capacity for clinical application including prediction of metabolic abnormalities associated with excess %BF in pediatrics.
Laser-Induced Fault Injection on Smartphone Bypassing the Secure Boot

This paper describes the outcome of a laser attack study on an Android smartphone targeting specifically the secure boot sequence. Laser fault injection has become a classical attack path in the secure chip industry to investigate potential security mitigation. The implementation of such attacks on a recent mobile phone remains relatively unexplored and represents different challenges, both at hardware and software levels. In this paper, we show how the device is crafted to get a direct access to the silicon and explain the corresponding experimental setup. By inserting our own software into the boot sequence, it was possible to achieve a fine characterization of the die sensitivity to light. With the knowledge of potential perturbations, it was possible to build an attack scenario allowing to malevolently get the highest level of privilege within the mobile phone.
An approach for QoS-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Quality of service (QoS) routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a big challenge because of dynamically varying network topology and the limited availability of resources. Many techniques for solving the QoS routing problem in MANETs are available. Ant colony optimization is a promising solution that can be applied in wireless ad hoc networks. However, existing routing protocols that require additional control message exchange between neighbors to compute QoS parameters are too slow to react to fast topology change and increase network load and overhead. To decrease the overhead introduced to collect information from neighbor nodes and to obtain an accurate estimate of QoS parameters, we use the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to obtain these values locally. Artificial ants evaluate these values to find the paths that satisfy application QoS requirements. The simulation results implemented using the ns-3 network simulator show that QoS routing based on ant colony optimization (QoRA) is scalable and performs well.
Identification of Major Binding Proteins and Substrates for the SH2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 in Macrophages

ABSTRACT The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is a critical regulator of macrophage biology, but its detailed mechanism of action remains largely undefined. SHP-1 associates with a 130-kDa tyrosyl-phosphorylated species (P130) in macrophages, suggesting that P130 might be an SHP-1 regulator and/or substrate. Here we show that P130 consists of two transmembrane glycoproteins, which we identify as PIR-B/p91A and the signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) family member BIT. These proteins also form separate complexes with SHP-2. BIT, but not PIR-B, is in a complex with the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), suggesting that BIT may direct SHP-1 to the CSF-1R. BIT and PIR-B bind preferentially to substrate-trapping mutants of SHP-1 and are hyperphosphorylated in macrophages from motheaten viable mice, which express catalytically impaired forms of SHP-1, indicating that these proteins are SHP-1 substrates. However, BIT and PIR-B are hypophosphorylated in motheaten macrophages, which completely lack SHP-1 expression. These data suggest a model in which SHP-1 dephosphorylates specific sites on BIT and PIR-B while protecting other sites from dephosphorylation via its SH2 domains. Finally, BIT and PIR-B associate with two tyrosyl phosphoproteins and a tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of these proteins and the level of the associated kinase activity are increased in the absence of SHP-1. Our data suggest that BIT and PIR-B recruit multiple signaling molecules to receptor complexes, where they are regulated by SHP-1 and/or SHP-2.
Disturbances to metal partitioning during toxicity testing of iron(II)‐rich estuarine pore waters and whole sediments

Metal partitioning is altered when suboxic estuarine sediments containing Fe(II)‐rich pore waters are disturbed during collection, preparation, and toxicity testing. Experiments with model Fe(II)‐rich pore waters demonstrated the rates at which adsorptive losses of Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn occur upon exposure to air. Experiments with Zn‐contaminated estuarine sediments demonstrated large and often unpredictable changes to metal partitioning during sediment storage, removal of organisms, and homogenization before testing. Small modifications to conditions, such as aeration of overlying waters, caused large changes to the metal partitioning. Disturbances caused by sediment collection required many weeks for reestablishment of equilibrium. Bioturbation by benthic organisms led to oxidation of pore‐water Fe(II) and lower Zn fluxes because of the formation of Fe hydroxide precipitates that adsorb pore‐water Zn. For five weeks after the addition of organisms to sediments, Zn fluxes increased slowly as the organisms established themselves in the sediments, indicating that the establishment of equilibrium was not rapid. The results are discussed in terms of the dynamic nature of suboxic, Fe(II)‐rich estuarine sediments, how organisms perturb their environment, and the importance of understanding chemistry in toxicity testing with whole sediments or pore water. Recommendations are provided for the handling of sediments for toxicity testing.
SleePS: Sleep position tracking system for screening sleep quality by wristbands

Sleep plays an important role in recovering physical and mental functions. Sleep position is known to affect sleep quality, hence, managing sleep position is beneficial for patients suffering from sleep disorders. For a long-term sleep management, we propose a sleep position tracking system using two wristbands. From the data collected from the wristbands, the system detects sleep positions and their changes. We define a sleep position motion model that consists of seven transitions between three sleep positions. Then, we propose pre-processing methods to overcome difficulties in analyzing sleep motion data, i.e., discontinuity, uncertainty, and time-variability. We tested experimental data in state-of-art pre-trained convolution neural networks by transfer learning. The accuracy of our proposed system was 96.03% and 88.02% in pilot experiment and on-site sleep experiment, respectively. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively and accurately keeps track of sleep positions without causing any inconvenience to users, and hence, serves as a key building block for cost-effective 24/7 sleep monitoring solutions
Magnetostatic Stress: Insightful Analysis and Manipulation of Maxwell's Stress Equation for Magnetostatics

Maxwell's stress equation for magnetostatics identifies a tensile stress in the direction of the magnetic field and a pressure normal to this direction. For an isolated, differential current element, Maxwell's stress equation is recast using a variant of Stokes' Theorem. The recast stress equation eliminates the tensile stress in the direction of the magnetic field and establishes a stress that is normal to the magnetic field, directed inward toward the differential current element. For two separated current elements, Maxwell's stress equation is also recast, identifying a constant line stress directionally aligned between the two current elements. The magnitude of the line stress is equivalent to the two current element Neumann force. The analysis and manipulation of Maxwell's stress equation provides some insight into magnetostatic stresses and establishes additional tools for the electrical engineer when analyzing magnetostatic system stresses.
A Comparison of Two Bias‐Corrected Covariance Estimators for Generalized Estimating Equations

Summary Mancl and DeRouen (2001, Biometrics57, 126–134) and Kauermann and Carroll (2001, JASA96, 1387–1398) proposed alternative bias‐corrected covariance estimators for generalized estimating equations parameter estimates of regression models for marginal means. The finite sample properties of these estimators are compared to those of the uncorrected sandwich estimator that underestimates variances in small samples. Although the formula of Mancl and DeRouen generally overestimates variances, it often leads to coverage of 95% confidence intervals near the nominal level even in some situations with as few as 10 clusters. An explanation for these seemingly contradictory results is that the tendency to undercoverage resulting from the substantial variability of sandwich estimators counteracts the impact of overcorrecting the bias. However, these positive results do not generally hold; for small cluster sizes (e.g., <10) their estimator often results in overcoverage, and the bias‐corrected covariance estimator of Kauermann and Carroll may be preferred. The methods are illustrated using data from a nested cross‐sectional cluster intervention trial on reducing underage drinking.
Molecular Mechanism by Which Surface Antigen HP0197 Mediates Host Cell Attachment in the Pathogenic Bacteria Streptococcus suis*

Background: The function of the Streptococcus suis antigen HP0197 is unknown, but it may be potentially involved in pathogenesis. Results: A novel GAG-binding domain on HP0197 was identified, and its structure was determined. Conclusion: Three clusters of basic residues on an 18-kDa domain of HP0197 are critical for heparin binding and cell adhesion. Significance: Understanding this mechanism will contribute to the design of drugs to treat streptococcal infections. Streptococcus suis, one of the most important and prevalent pathogens in swine, presents a major challenge to global public health. HP0197 is an S. suis surface antigen that was previously identified by immunoproteomics and can bind to the host cell surface. Here, we investigated the interaction between HP0197 and the host cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) using indirect immunofluorescence and cell adhesion inhibition assays. In addition, we determined that a novel 18-kDa domain in the N-terminal region of HP0197 functions as the GAG-binding domain. We then solved the three-dimensional structures of the N-terminal 18-kDa and C-terminal G5 domains using x-ray crystallography. Based on this structural information, the GAG-binding sites in HP0197 were predicted and subsequently verified using site-directed mutagenesis and indirect immunofluorescence. The results indicate that the positively charged residues on the exposed surface of the 18-kDa domain, which are primarily lysines, likely play a critical role in the HP0197-heparin interaction that mediates bacterium-host cell adhesion. Understanding this molecular mechanism may provide a basis for the development of effective drugs and therapeutic strategies for treating streptococcal infections.
Epigenetic investigation of variably X chromosome inactivated genes in monozygotic female twins discordant for primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune chronic cholestatic liver disease with a strong genetic susceptibility due to the high concordance in monozygotic (MZ) twins and a striking female predominance. Women with PBC manifest an enhanced X monosomy rate in peripheral lymphocytes and we thus hypothesized an X chromosome epigenetic component to explain PBC female prevalence. While most genes on the female inactive X chromosome are silenced by promoter methylation following X chromosome inactivation (XCI), approximately 10% of X- linked genes exhibit variable escape from XCI in healthy females. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that susceptibility to PBC is modified by one or more X-linked gene with variable XCI status. Peripheral blood mRNA and DNA samples were obtained from a unique cohort of MZ twin sets discordant and concordant for PBC. Transcript levels of the 125 variable XCI status genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and two genes (CLIC2 and PIN4) were identified as consistently downregulated in the affected twin of discordant pairs. Both CLIC2 and PIN4 demonstrated partial and variable methylation of CpG sites within 300 bp of the transcription start site that did not predict the XCI status. Promoter methylation of CLIC2 manifested no significant difference between samples and no significant correlation with transcript levels. PIN4 methylation showed a positive trend with transcription in all samples but no differential methylation was observed between discordant twins. A genetic polymorphism affecting the number of CpG sites in the PIN4 promoter did not impact methylation or transcript levels in a heterozygous twin pair and showed a similar frequency in independent series of unrelated PBC cases and controls. Our results suggest that epigenetic factors influencing PBC onset are more complex than methylation differences at X-linked promoters and variably 3 inactivated X-linked genes may be characterized by partial promoter methylation and biallelic transcription.
The creation of the treaty system

PERSPECTIVES ON THE TREATY SYSTEM The unequal treaty system was set up in China at a time when the Chinese common people did not participate in a national political life. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century they were still schooled in the traditional ways of Confucian culturalism: government was an affair of the emperor and his officials, supported by the local elite. A modern type of nationalism received little expression under this old order. Instead, the Ch'ing regime was primarily concerned to retain the loyalty of the Chinese landlord-scholar ruling class and with its help to suppress any disorder or anti-dynastic rebellion that might arise among the rural populace. In this context the pacification of British rebels on the seacoast was at first a marginal, relatively minor problem. The Ch'ing aim in the late 1830s had been simply to stop an evil, the Anglo-Indo-Chinese opium trade. This trade, constantly supplied by the British government opium manufacture in India, was to have a life of more than a century, until given up in 1917. The most long-continued and systematic international crime of modern times, it provided the life-blood of the early British invasion of China. For the first war the leading opium traders not only helped Palmerston work out the aims and the strategy, they also supplied some of the wherewithal: opium vessels leased to the fleet, captains lent as pilots and other staff as translators, hospitality always available as well as advice and the latest intelligence, and silver from opium sales exchanged for bills on London to meet the army and navy expenditures.
Grey evaluation on corporate venture capital project based on the Theil index

The large corporation aims at enhancing its core competence and obtaining financial returns through corporate venture capital.In order to assess corporate venture capital project,the paper establishes an index evaluation system from five respects of the project,such as technique and product competency,entrepreneurial team competency,resource utilization extent,and etc.The article proposes the grey comprehensive evaluation method based on the Theil index.In this method,the weight coefficients are calculated based on the Theil index and then used in grey comprehensive evaluation method. The application of the method shows that the method is feasible,and makes the evaluation more objective and reasonable.
[Laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation in treatment of women severe uterine prolapsed at child-bearing period].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical and sexual outcomes in women with severe uterine prolapsed at child-bearing period undergoing laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation. METHODS From November 2007 to March 2010, 34 patients ( ≤ 50 years old) with severe uterine prolapse (prolapse group) who had already given birth and underwent laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were defined as Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage III. Follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months, and then annually. Anatomic failure was defined as ≥ 1 pelvic compartment classified as POP-Q ≥ stage II.Sexual outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3-year follow-up according to validated Short-Form Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Thirty one age-matched women who underwent health examinations during the same time period were selected as a healthy control group. RESULTS Mean age of women at prolapse group were (39 ± 5) years and average surgery time were (51 ± 8) minutes. No severe intraoperative complications occurred, including urethral twist, bladder and rectum injury, pelvic hemotoma. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years, the mean following up period was 40 months (36-64 months). Based on stage II of POP-Q as recurrence criteria, the anatomical success and patient satisfaction rates were both 100% (34/34). POP-Q point C and D measurements were significantly higher after surgery then those at preoperative values [C:(-5.4 ± 0.6) cm versus (2.2 ± 0.7) cm, D:(-6.7 ± 0.4) cm versus (-4.0 ± 0.7) cm; P < 0.01 for all]. Three years postoperatively, 33 patients were sexually active. Among the 94% (31/33) patients who answered the PISQ-12 questionnaire, there was significant improvement in post- and preoperative total PISQ-12 scores (38 versus 26, P < 0.01) and in all three subscale PISQ-12 domains (P < 0.01 for all). The postoperative PISQ-12 score was similar to that of the control group (38 ± 6 versus 37 ± 3, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation conferred satisfying long-term anatomic and sexual function outcomes in women at child-bearing age.