Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Frame Work for Topical Collections Make with Focused and Accelerated Focused Crawlers

The rapid growth of the World-Wide Web poses unprecedented scaling challenges for general-purpose crawlers and search engines. In the personalized search domain, an alternative to general purpose crawler called focused crawlers are receiving increasing attention. The goal of these crawlers is to selectively seek out pages that are relevant to a pre-defined set of topics or theme. Rather than collecting and indexing all accessible Web documents to be able to answer all possible ad-hoc queries, these crawlers analyzes their crawl boundary to find the links that are likely to be most relevant for the crawl, and avoids irrelevant regions of the Web. This leads to significant savings in hardware and network resources, and helps keep the crawl more up-to-date. This paper presents and compares two focused crawlers called traditional focused crawler and accelerated focused crawler. Accelerated focused crawler takes offline lessons from traditional focused crawler. It emulates human surfer by trying to predict the relevance of a "HREF" target page based on words around the link on the source page. The topics are specified using exemplary documents in these experiments. Naive Bayesian classifier is used to guide the crawlers. The crawlers were evaluated for different number of pages crawled, for different number of features gathered from different distances from the link and with different feature selection methods.
III. Kyphoplasty and Nucleus Pulposus Prosthesis Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: filler materials

Over 700,000 osteoporotic compression fractures occur each year in the United States, twice the number of hip fractures. These vertebral fractures, most of which occur in the elderly, represent significant personal and societal burdens. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive method that involves the percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into a collapsed vertebral body to stabilize the vertebra. Kyphoplasty is an advanced minimally invasive technique with a number of potential advantages over PVP, including lower risk of cement extravasation and better restoration of vertebral body height and spinal biomechanics. The filling materials used for both these techniques require good biocompatibility, good biomechanical strength and stiffness, and good radiopacity for the fluoroscopy guided procedures. New filler materials (synthetic bone substitutes, e.g., composite resin materials, calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate cements) in addition to new PMMA formulations are now available for clinical use. In this review paper, we will focus on the issues and characteristics of these filler materials as they pertain to vertebral augmentation procedures. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Instrumental variable with competing risk model

In this paper, we discuss causal inference on the efficacy of a treatment or medication on a time‐to‐event outcome with competing risks. Although the treatment group can be randomized, there can be confoundings between the compliance and the outcome. Unmeasured confoundings may exist even after adjustment for measured covariates. Instrumental variable methods are commonly used to yield consistent estimations of causal parameters in the presence of unmeasured confoundings. On the basis of a semiparametric additive hazard model for the subdistribution hazard, we propose an instrumental variable estimator to yield consistent estimation of efficacy in the presence of unmeasured confoundings for competing risk settings. We derived the asymptotic properties for the proposed estimator. The estimator is shown to be well performed under finite sample size according to simulation results. We applied our method to a real transplant data example and showed that the unmeasured confoundings lead to significant bias in the estimation of the effect (about 50% attenuated). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Design of Aircraft Fuel Tank Inspection Robot

Aircraft fuel tank leakage is a very common maintenance problem. A continuum robot is designed for troubleshooting of leaks for fuel tank which has strong constraints and is also explosive. The biomimetic robot with several flexible sections applies actuation redundancy through pulling its four independent driving cables to realize bending motion of two degrees of freedom (DOF). The forward kinematics about the relations of cables lengths, angles and tip coordinates of single section is established using projection curvature method and coordinates transformation method. The decoupled multi-section kinematics function is deduced based on the kinematics analysis of single section. Simulations of single section motion are presented. We demonstrate finally the correctness of kinematics method through prototype experiments. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i7. 2814 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Strain Rate During Equal-channel Angular Pressing

Strain rate is an important factor in plastic deformation because it determines the constitutive behavior of rate sensitive materials, e.g., dislocation density and flow stress evolution, deformation heat generation, etc. In the present study, the strain rate of workpiece materials during equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was evaluated by a geometric approach. The results were compared to those of the finite element analyses of a model ideally plastic material with various mesh sizes. The derived equation for strain rate is in reasonably good agreement with the results of the finite element method. The effects of the die geometry (a channel angle and a corner angle) were investigated. The strain rate during ECAP increases with punch speed and decreases with die channel angle, die corner angle, and the width of the workpiece. The relation obtained can be used for analytical calculations of the deformation, thermal, and microstructural evolution behavior of materials during ECAP. In particular, the size of the deforming zone and the effect of the finite element size are discussed.
TCF7L1 suppresses primitive streak gene expression to support human embryonic stem cell pluripotency

ABSTRACT Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are exquisitely sensitive to WNT ligands, which rapidly cause differentiation. Therefore, hESC self-renewal requires robust mechanisms to keep the cells in a WNT inactive but responsive state. How they achieve this is largely unknown. We explored the role of transcriptional regulators of WNT signaling, the TCF/LEFs. As in mouse ESCs, TCF7L1 is the predominant family member expressed in hESCs. Genome-wide, it binds a gene cohort involved in primitive streak formation at gastrulation, including NODAL, BMP4 and WNT3. Comparing TCF7L1-bound sites with those bound by the WNT signaling effector β-catenin indicates that TCF7L1 acts largely on the WNT signaling pathway. TCF7L1 overlaps less with the pluripotency regulators OCT4 and NANOG than in mouse ESCs. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicate that TCF7L1 suppresses gene cohorts expressed in the primitive streak. Interestingly, we find that BMP4, another driver of hESC differentiation, downregulates TCF7L1, providing a mechanism of BMP and WNT pathway intersection. Together, our studies indicate that TCF7L1 plays a major role in maintaining hESC pluripotency, which has implications for human development during gastrulation. Summary: TCF7L1 represses PS gene expression to maintain the primed, pluripotent state, with relief of this repression by BMP4 leading to upregulation of PS-promoting genes (including NODAL, WNT3 and BMP4) to drive hESC differentiation.
A laboratory course in nanoscience and nanotechnology

“Written by an internationally recognized expert in the field, the material is well presented, making nanotechnology accessible to students from a wide range of backgrounds. The scope covers nano-related topics in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and includes underlying theory as well as many hands-on experiments that have all been well tested and refined over the years this course was taught by the author. The experiments are underpinned by comprehensive descriptions of nanomaterials and the very important techniques of sample characterization that reveal the full nature of the nano world. The presentation is visually attractive, with excellent illustrations. This book is destined to become a much-loved and well-used classic. ” —From the Foreword by Professor Gordon M. Parkinson, Curtin University
Sleep fragmentation thresholds of sleep fragmentation indices

Sleep fragmentation is one of the main problems of sleep disorders especially in respiratory failure such as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) as well as for patients in intensive care units for which sleep quality is important in the recovery process of the critically ill. During this last decade, a few indices of sleep quality such as sleep fragmentation index (SFI) and sleep diversity index (SDI) were developed. However, for practical use in medical care, a sleep fragmentation threshold beyond which the patient's sleep is considered as fragmented must be provided to the sleep expert. So, the aim of this work is to determine this sleep fragmentation threshold for both SFI and SDI. Sleep fragmentation of 111 adults PSG (55 healthy and 56 patients), has been evaluated by nine sleep experts of three different specializations (three pulmonologists, three neurophysiologists and three technical experts) usually working in a sleep laboratory. Thus, by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves we have determined the fragmentation threshold value for each of the nine sleep experts for the SFI and the SDI. It follows from these results that these two sleep fragmentation indices with their corresponding fragmentation thresholds values can be used to decide whether the patient's sleep is fragmented or not.
Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification, and water quality on Chesapeake region eelgrass

Although environmental requirements of seagrasses have been studied for years, reliable metrics for predicting their response to current or future conditions remain elusive. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations of the Chesapeake region lie near the southern limit of their range in the Western North Atlantic, exposing them to increasing thermal stress as the climate warms. However, CO2 stimulated photosynthesis may offset some of the negative effects of temperature stress. The combined effects of temperature, CO2, and light availability controlled by water quality and epiphytes were explored using GrassLight, a bio‐optical model that provided a predictive environment for evaluating the interaction of multiple stressors on eelgrass distribution and density across the submarine landscape. Model predictions were validated against in situ measures of spectral diffuse attenuation, eelgrass density, and distribution. The potential for photosynthesis stimulated by ocean acidification to mitigate the effects of high temperature on eelgrass populations growing near the southern limit of their distribution was explored. The model accurately reproduced the submarine light environment from measured water quality parameters, and predicted their impacts on eelgrass distribution. It also reproduced the negative effects of warm summer temperatures on eelgrass distributions, and demonstrated that CO2 increases projected for the next century should stimulate photosynthesis sufficiently to offset the negative effects of thermal stress on eelgrass growing in the Chesapeake region, even in the presence of epiphytes. Thus, improved water quality should facilitate the survival of eelgrass populations in Chesapeake region, even in the face of a warming climate.
Heat trap detection in the stator bar of large turbogenerators during the fault of cooling water channels blockage

Cooling water is used to remove the heat from stator bar of large turbogenerators and prevent additional temperature rise. Blockage of these channels leads to heat traps along the stator bar and its temperature failure. In addition, transposition of strands in a bar causes accumulation of heat in some parts of stator bar because of non-uniform arrangement of cooling channels especially when some of channels are blocked. In this paper, effect of cooling water channels blockage is studied using a precise thermal model. It is shown that such heat traps cause additional temperature rise in stator bars and this phenomenon can not be detected by thermal sensors of turbogenerator. Laboratory and onsite experimental data are presented to verify the simulation results. An operation program is proposed to work with generator in faulty cases.
ANALYSIS OF A THIN AND THICK WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS

In the present work the problem of calculation of the stress developed in the thin and thick cylindrical pressure vessels is numerically solved by using software in C++. The analysis has been done for two different materials pressure vessels. The variations in the thickness of the pressure vessels have been considered for the analysis for different internal pressures. The common characteristic of the pressure vessels solved is that the radial and tangential stresses vary in the same nature of curve for different thickness of vessels. Lame's equations, maximum normal stress theory, maximum shear stress theory have been applied for the analysis of the thick walled pressure vessels of brittle and ductile materials. Analysis also performed for open and closed end cylinders by using Burnie's equation and shear strain theory. Barlow's equation has been applied for the calculation and analysis of the high pressure oil and gas pipe analysis. The yield point stress and ultimate stresses have been considered for the ductile and brittle material respectively. The modeling details of the methodology, employed in the analysis, are extensively discussed and the numerical approach is proven to be very efficient for the software developed of pressure vessel for thin and thick cylinders.
Image Segmentation using Morphological Operations

Image Segmentation plays vital role in Computer Vision and Digital Image Processing. It is the process of separating the digital image into distinct region(s) possessing homogeneous properties. The main objective of image segmentation is to extract various features of the image that are used for analyzing, interpretation and understanding of images. Image segmentation is applied in various applications like medical imaging, shape detection, content-based image retrieval, robot vision, etc. Several techniques have been developed for image segmentation such as pixel-based segmentation, edge based segmentation and region based segmentation. In this paper, segmentation technique is defined using the edge detection and morphological operations. Edge detection is done using Fuzzy Canny method for better output. After detecting the edges of image, segmentation is done using morphological operation. This gives better results. General Terms Dilation, Morphology, Erosion, Flood Fill.
Codes and Standards Analysis

Approach • Design: generate apparatus to produce repeatable hydrogen leaks into the interior of a 5000 squarefoot warehouse. Produce experimentally verified computer model of hydrogen cloud formed by leak apparatus. • Test: locate the boundaries of ignitable cloud formed by hydrogen leak with electrical spark. • Analyze: compare boundaries of experimentally determined combustible cloud to boundaries of clouds defined by upper propagating lean limit of combustion (4.0% concentration hydrogen) and downward propagating lean limit of combustion (10.0% concentration hydrogen). Determine explanation for observed behavior. • Design: generate apparatus to produce homogeneous hydrogen-air mixture flows in exhaust ducts. • Test: test the ignitability of lean homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in exhaust ducts. • Analyze: determine the ignitability of homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in exhaust ducts as a function of Reynolds number.
Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Data with a Novel Bayesian Network Learning Algorithm

Learning the structure of a Bayesian network from a data set is NP-hard. In this paper, we discuss a novel heuristic called polynomial max-min skeleton (PMMS) developed by Tsamardinos et al. in 2005. PMMS was proved by extensive empirical simulations to be an excellent trade-off between time and quality of reconstruction compared to all constraint based algorithms, especially for the smaller sample sizes. Unfortunately, there are two main problems with PMMS : it is unable to deal with missing data nor with datasets containing functional dependencies between variables. In this paper, we propose a way to overcome these problems. The new version of PMMS is first applied on standard benchmarks to recover the original structure from data. The algorithm is then applied on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) made up from only 1289 uncomplete records in order to shed some light into the statistical profile of the population under study.
IS MEDIATED BY PLANT MATING SYSTEM

There is growing concern that current pollinator decline will affect the reproduction of plant species, potentially driving a decline in plant population densities. We experimentally tested whether a reduction in flower visitation caused a reduction in fertilization rate in several species, and whether any reduction in fecundity of species depends on their degree of reproductive dependence on pollinators and their attractiveness for pollinators. We recorded visitation rate, fertilization rate, seed weight, flower size and density of nineteen insect-pollinated perennial herbs inside thirty 2 x 2 m dome-shaped cages covered with fishnet (experimental plots) and in thirty control plots in a Norwegian hay meadow. We used a bagging experiment to estimate the ability of the study species to produce seeds in the absence of pollinators. The visitation rate for fifteen of nineteen study species was lower inside cages than outside and only three of the fifteen species showed significantly reduced fertilization rates in the experimental plots. The magnitude of reduction in fertilization rate was positively related to the degree of pollinator dependence, but not to their attractiveness for pollinators or to the reduction in visitation rate. Seed weight was not affected by the experiment. The lack of an overall effect of reduced pollinator visitation on fertilization rate suggests that some species may be robust to a pollinator decline that could increase pollen limitation on plant reproduction. Our results suggest that species with greater pollinator dependence are more vulnerable to pollinator loss.
Insight into the Mechanism of CO Oxidation on WO3(001) Surfaces for Gas Sensing: A DFT Study

The mechanism of CO oxidation on the WO3(001) surface for gas sensing performance has been systematically investigated by means of first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results show that the oxidation of CO molecule on the perfect WO3(001) surface induces the formation of surface oxygen vacancies, which results in an increase of the surface conductance. This defective WO3(001) surface can be re-oxidized by the O2 molecules in the atmosphere. During this step, the active O2− species is generated, accompanied with the obvious charge transfer from the surface to O2 molecule, and correspondingly, the surface conductivity is reduced. The O2− species tends to take part in the subsequent reaction with the CO molecule, and after releasing CO2 molecule, the perfect WO3(001) surface is finally reproduced. The activation energy barriers and the reaction energies associated with above surface reactions are determined, and from the kinetics viewpoint, the oxidation of CO molecule on the perfect WO3(001) surface is the rate-limiting step with an activation barrier of about 0.91 eV.
Investigation of the effects of cold rolling on the mechanical properties of explosively-welded Al/St/Al multilayer sheet

In this study, the effects of the cold-rolling process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of explosively-welded Al/St/Al sheet were investigated. In this context, samples were prepared by explosive welding of Al/St/Al sheet and rolled with 4 different thickness reductions. The mechanical properties of the interface were studied by Vickers micro-hardness, shear and tensile strength tests. Investigation of interfacial contact and fracture surfaces was performed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that strength and hardness significantly increased by increasing thickness reduction. Also, because of the higher strength of the interface than the Al layer, and according to the standard, the quality of the interface is acceptable. Checking fracture surfaces illustrated that fractures were ductile and, because of existing brittle intermetallic compounds at the interface, under a tensile test, germination and growth of cracks accelerated.
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Disease-Associated Point-Mutants: Lamin A/C R453W and R482W

Background Disease-linked missense mutations can alter a protein's function with fatal consequences for the affected individual. How a single amino acid substitution in a protein affects its properties, is difficult to study in the context of the cellular proteome, because mutant proteins can often not be traced in cells due to the lack of mutation-specific detection tools. Antibodies, however, with their exquisite epitope specificity permit the detection of single amino acid substitutions but are not available for the vast majority of disease-causing mutant proteins. One of the most frequently missense-mutated human genes is the LMNA gene coding for A-type lamins. Mutations in LMNA cause phenotypically heterogenous, mostly autosomal-dominant inherited diseases, termed laminopathies. The molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity of laminopathies, however, are not well understood. Hence, the goal of this study was the development of monoclonal antibodies specific for disease-linked point-mutant A-type lamins. Methodology/Principal Findings Using two different approaches of antigen presentation, namely KLH-coupled peptides and the display of a complete protein domain fused to the Hepatitis B virus capsid protein, we developed monoclonal antibodies against two disease-associated lamin A/C mutants. Both antibodies display exquisite specificity for the respective mutant proteins. We show that with the help of these novel antibodies it is now possible for the first time to study specifically the properties of the mutant proteins in primary patient cells in the background of wild-type protein. Conclusions We report here the development of two point-mutant specific antibodies against A-type lamins. While synthetic peptides may be the prime choice of antigen, our results show that a given target sequence may have to be presented in alternative ways to ensure the induction of a mutant-specific immune response. Point-mutant specific antibodies will represent valuable tools for basic and clinical research on a number of hereditary as well as acquired diseases caused by dominant missense mutations.
Tree Automata Completion for Static Analysis of Functional Programs

Tree Automata Completion is a family of techniques for computing or approximating the set of terms reachable by a rewriting relation. For functional programs translated into TRS, we give a sufficient condition for completion to terminate. Second, in order to take into account the evaluation strategy of functional programs, we show how to refine completion to approximate reachable terms for a rewriting relation controlled by a strategy. In this paper, we focus on innermost strategy which represents the call-by-value evaluation strategy.