Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mimicry, colour forms and spectral sensitivity of the bluestriped fangblenny, Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos

Animals change their body coloration for a variety of purposes including communication, thermoregulation and crypsis. The cues that trigger adaptive colour change are often unclear, and the role of colour vision remains largely untested. Here, we investigated the bluestriped fangblenny (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos), an aggressive mimic that changes its body coloration to impersonate a variety of coral reef fishes. In this field, we determined the fish species that the fangblenny associated with and measured the spectral reflectance of mimics and their models. We measured the spectral absorbance characteristics of the retinal photoreceptor visual pigments in the bluestriped fangblenny using microspectrophotometry and found it to have rod photoreceptors (λmax 498 nm), single cones (449 nm) and double cones (561 nm principal member; 520 nm accessory member). Using theoretical vision models, fangblennies could discriminate between the colours they adopted and the colours of the fish they associated with. Potential signal receivers (Abudefduf abdominalis and Ctenochaetus strigosus) perceived colours of most mimics to closely resemble fishes they associated with. However, fishes with ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigments were better at discriminating between mimics and models. Therefore, colour vision could be used by fangblennies when initiating colour change enabling them to accurately resemble fishes they associate with and to avoid detection by signal receivers.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Positive-Sense, Single-Stranded RNA Mycovirus Infecting the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Recent studies have demonstrated that a diverse array of mycoviruses infect the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a newly identified mycovirus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fusarivirus 1 (SsFV1), which was isolated from a sclerotia-defective strain JMTJ14 of S. sclerotiorum. Excluding a poly (A) tail, the genome of SsFV1 comprises 7754 nucleotides (nts) in length with 83 and 418 nts for 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. SsFV1 has four non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a 191 kDa polyprotein (1664 amino acid residues in length) containing conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicase domains; the other three ORFs encode three putative hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Phylogenetic analysis, based on RdRp and Helicase domains, indicated that SsFV1 is phylogenetically related to Rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1 (RnFV1), Fusarium graminearum virus-DK21 (FgV1), and Penicillium roqueforti RNA mycovirus 1 (PrRV1), a cluster of an independent group belonging to a newly proposed family Fusarividae. However, SsFV1 is markedly different from FgV1 and RnFV1 in genome organization and nucleotide sequence. SsFV1 was transmitted successfully to two vegetatively incompatible virus-free strains. SsFV1 is not responsible for the abnormal phenotype of strain JMTJ14.
Ionospheric Correction of SAR Interferograms by Multiple-Aperture Interferometry

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique that precisely measures surface deformations at a fine spatial resolution over a large area. However, the accuracy of this technique is sometimes compromised by ionospheric path delays on radar signals, particularly with L- and P-band SAR systems. To avoid ionospheric effects from being misinterpreted as ground displacement, it is necessary to detect and correct their contributions to interferograms. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for ionospheric measurement and correction and validate its theoretical and experimental performance. The proposed method exploits the linear relationship between the multiple-aperture interferometry phase and the azimuth derivative of the ionospheric phase. Theoretical analysis shows that a total electron content (TEC) accuracy of less than $1.0 \times 10^{-4}$ TEC units can be achieved when more than 100 neighboring samples can be averaged (multilooked), and the coherence is 0.5. The regression analysis between the interferometric phase and the topographic height shows that the root-mean-square error can be improved by a factor of two after ionospheric correction. A 2-D Fourier spectral analysis indicates that the ionospheric wave pattern in the uncorrected power spectrum has disappeared in the power spectrum of the corrected interferogram. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively remove ionospheric artifacts from an ionosphere-distorted InSAR image. Note that the method assumes that there is no appreciable surface displacement in the along-track dimension of the interferogram.
A systematic review of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis strategies in patients with renal insufficiency, obesity, or on antiplatelet agents.

BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about optimal strategies for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among select populations such as patients with renal insufficiency, obesity, or patients taking antiplatelet drugs including aspirin. Their physiologies make prophylaxis particularly challenging. PURPOSE We performed a comparative effectiveness review of the literature on efficacy and safety of VTE prophylaxis in these populations. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, clinicaltrial.gov, and the Cochrane Library through August 2012. Eligible studies included controlled trials and observational studies. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers evaluated studies for eligibility, serially abstracted data, and independently evaluated the risk of bias and strength of evidence supporting interventions to prevent VTE in these populations. RESULTS After a review of 30,902 citations, we identified 9 controlled studies, 5 of which were trials, and the other 4 were observational studies. Five articles addressed prophylaxis of patients with renal insufficiency, 2 addressed obese patients, and 2 addressed patients on antiplatelet agents. No study tested prophylaxis in underweight patients or those with liver disease. The majority of observational studies had a high risk of bias. The strength of evidence ranged from low to insufficient regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety of VTE prophylaxis among these patients. CONCLUSION The current evidence is insufficient regarding optimal VTE prophylaxis for patients with renal insufficiency, obesity, or those who are on antiplatelet drugs including aspirin. High-quality studies are needed to inform clinicians about the best VTE prophylaxis for these patients.
AUF1 and HuR Proteins Stabilize Interleukin-8 mRNA in Human Saliva

Human saliva contains thousands of mRNAs, some of which have translational value as diagnostic markers for human diseases. We have found that more than 30% of the mRNAs detected in human saliva contain AU-rich elements (ARE) in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR). Since AREs are known to contribute to RNA turnover by forming complexes with ARE-binding proteins, we hypothesized that salivary mRNA stability is mediated by ARE-binding proteins in human saliva. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the in vitro degradation of a radiolabeled ARE-containing salivary mRNA (IL-8) in salivary protein extracts. The degradation of IL-8 mRNA was accelerated by competition for saliva ARE-binding proteins through the addition of excess unlabeled IL-8 mRNA fragments containing 4 tandem AREs. UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed 2 ARE-binding proteins, AUF1 and HuR, associated with IL-8 mRNA in saliva. These results demonstrate that ARE-binding proteins contribute to the stability of ARE mRNAs in human saliva.
On the efficacy of prerecorded lectures for teaching introductory programming

Teaching introductory programming is a notoriously challenging problem in any information technology or computer science course. Failure and dropout rates are usually high, and many students seem unable to grasp the notion of solving problems algorithmically. Given contemporary students' fondness for multimedia styles of presentation, we conducted an experiment on the effectiveness of providing prerecorded mini-lectures in a first-year programming subject. Although we found only a weak quantitative correlation between students' use of the prerecorded material and their final grades, anecdotal feedback on the experiment was overwhelmingly positive, suggesting that students' perceptions of the subject were improved.
IRI-MAC: An Improved Receiver Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Now a day's wireless sensor network takes much attention to researcher. A lot of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has been proposed to improve the efficiency in case of increase throughput and energy preservation. ReceiverInitiated MAC(RI-MAC) is one of the most popular MAC protocol due to its ultra-low duty cycle and good throughput. But RI-MAC major disadvantages are exposed terminal collision problem and hidden terminal collision problem. In this paper we only addressed exposed terminal problem using an unique time Clear Channel Assessment(CCA). According to Improved Receiver-Initiated MAC(IRI-MAC) protocol the receiver beacon is not respond immediately but wait a random time and perform a CCA either the channel is clear. If channel clear then transmit its data immediately. More precisely, we provide such an equation that generate an unique CCA time for each node in order to avoid collision for exposed terminal problem. Our proposed system is implemented in omnet/Mixim platform and result shows that IRI-MAC perform better than that of RC-MAC and RI-MAC.
Bound states in coupled guides. I. Two dimensions

We compute bound-state energies in two three-dimensional coupled waveguides, each obtained from the two-dimensional configuration considered in paper I [J. Math. Phys. 45, 1359–1379 (2004)] by rotating the geometry about a different axis. The first geometry consists of two concentric circular cylindrical waveguides coupled by a finite length gap along the axis of the inner cylinder, and the second is a pair of planar layers coupled laterally by a circular hole. We have also extended the theory for this latter case to include the possibility of multiple circular windows. Both problems are formulated using a mode-matching technique, and in the cylindrical guide case the same residue calculus theory as used in paper I is employed to find the bound-state energies. For the coupled planar layers we proceed differently, computing the zeros of a matrix derived from the matching analysis directly.
Challenges in inferring internet congestion using throughput measurements

We revisit the use of crowdsourced throughput measurements to infer and localize congestion on end-to-end paths, with particular focus on points of interconnections between ISPs. We analyze three challenges with this approach. First, accurately identifying which link on the path is congested requires fine-grained network tomography techniques not supported by existing throughput measurement platforms. Coarse-grained network tomography can perform this link identification under certain topological conditions, but we show that these conditions do not always hold on the global Internet. Second, existing measurement platforms provide limited visibility of paths to popular web content sources, and only capture a small fraction of interconnections between ISPs. Third, crowdsourcing measurements inherently risks sample bias: using measurements from volunteers across the Internet leads to uneven distribution of samples across time of day, access link speeds, and home network conditions. Finally, it is not clear how large a drop in throughput to interpret as evidence of congestion. We investigate these challenges in detail, and offer guidelines for deployment of measurement infrastructure, strategies, and technologies that can address empirical gaps in our understanding of congestion on the Internet.
TNR/11q#1 Trinucleotide (GCC)n Repeat Alleles and Predisposition to Acute and Chronic Leukemia

TNR/11q#1 is a polymorphic trinucleotide (GCC)n repeat located within the minimal region of the 11q deletion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It was recently shown that certain alleles of this repeat are associated with a worse prognosis in CLL patients. To investigate the role of TNR/11q#1 variants as risk‐modifying factors in leukemogenesis, we conducted a case‐control study on 113 acute lymphotic leukemia (ALL) patients, 82 CLL patients and 146 healthy controls of Russian origin. Comparison of allele and genotype distributions in the control, ALL and CLL groups, performed by Fisher's exact test with two‐sized P‐value, showed significant decrease in the presence of the GCC6 allele in the ALL and CLL groups compared to controls. Moreover, ‘rare' alleles GCC7‐8 and GCC13‐14 were significantly overrepresented in the ALL group versus controls. We found that CLL risk genotypes were those with both alleles containing more than 6 GCC repeats (P = 0,0212, odds ratio = 1,68 (95% CI, 1 121… 2,531)). ALL risk genotypes include three allele combination variants: 1) both alleles containing more than 6 GCC repeats (P = 0,0019, odds ratio = 1,756 (95% CI 1,223…2,502)); 2) one of the alleles containing 7 or 8 repeats (P = 0,0155, odds ratio = 18,22 (95% CI 1,93…136.37)); 3) one of the alleles containing more than 12 repeats (P = 0,0209, Odds ratio = 2,599 (95% CI 1,161…5,815)). Association of certain alleles and genotypes of the TNR/11q#1 repeat with both acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia suggests the presence of a cancer related gene, involved in a wide spectrum of neoplasia, in the vicinity of this repeat.
Street-level bureaucrats’ turnover intention: does public service motivation matter?

This study examines the joint influences of work exhaustion, job demands (red tape, role conflict, work overload), and public service motivation on street-level bureaucrats’ turnover intention. Based on a survey of 4974 Korean street-level bureaucrats, the study examines the potential mediating role of work exhaustion and complex moderating role of public service motivation in determining street-level bureaucrats’ turnover intention. In line with previous research, we find that job demands have both direct and indirect associations with street-level bureaucrats’ turnover intention through work exhaustion. However, public service motivation was found to reduce the employees’ turnover intention in two different ways. First, public service motivation was found to have a direct negative association with turnover intention. In addition, it was also found to mitigate the positive associations between job demands and work exhaustion, and between job demands and turnover intention. Points for practitioners The findings of the current study provide several practical implications for public managers. First of all, it suggests that imbuing public sector values through formal and informal training is important. Second, it provides some clues for local government managers to reduce street-level bureaucrats’ work exhaustion and turnover intention. For example, the problem of work overload for street-level bureaucrats could be reduced by reassigning work responsibilities according to workload analyses for given jobs.
Is there a relationship between surgical case volume and mortality in congenital heart disease services? A rapid evidence review

Objective To identify and synthesise the evidence on the relationship between surgical volume and patient outcomes for adults and children with congenital heart disease. Design Evidence synthesis of interventional and observational studies. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science (2009–2014) and citation searching, reference lists and recommendations from stakeholders (2003–2014) were used to identify evidence. Study selection Quantitative observational and interventional studies with information on volume of surgical procedures and patient outcomes were included. Results 31 of the 34 papers identified (91.2%) included only paediatric patients. 25 (73.5%) investigated the relationship between volume and mortality, 7 (20.6%) mortality and other outcomes and 2 (5.9%) non-mortality outcomes only. 88.2% were from the US, 97% were multicentre studies and all were retrospective observational studies. 20 studies (58.8%) included all congenital heart disease conditions and 14 (41.2%) single conditions or procedures. No UK studies were identified. Most studies showed a relationship between volume and outcome but this relationship was not consistent. The relationship was stronger for single complex conditions or procedures. We found limited evidence about the impact of volume on non-mortality outcomes. A mixed picture emerged revealing a range of factors, in addition to volume, that influence outcome including condition severity, individual centre and surgeon effects and clinical advances over time. Conclusions The heterogeneity of findings from observational studies suggests that, while a relationship between volume and outcome exists, this is unlikely to be a simple, independent and directly causal relationship. The effect of volume on outcome relative to the effect of other, as yet undetermined, health system factors remains a complex and unresolved research question.
Towards a stratified learning approach to predict future citation counts

In this paper, we study the problem of predicting future citation count of a scientific article after a given time interval of its publication. To this end, we gather and conduct an exhaustive analysis on a dataset of more than 1.5 million scientific papers of computer science domain. On analysis of the dataset, we notice that the citation count of the articles over the years follows a diverse set of patterns; on closer inspection we identify six broad categories of citation patterns. This important observation motivates us to adopt stratified learning approach in the prediction task, whereby, we propose a two-stage prediction model - in the first stage, the model maps a query paper into one of the six categories, and then in the second stage a regression module is run only on the subpopulation corresponding to that category to predict the future citation count of the query paper. Experimental results show that the categorization of this huge dataset during the training phase leads to a remarkable improvement (around 50%) in comparison to the well-known baseline system.
Multicore triangle computations without tuning

Triangle counting and enumeration has emerged as a basic tool in large-scale network analysis, fueling the development of algorithms that scale to massive graphs. Most of the existing algorithms, however, are designed for the distributed-memory setting or the external-memory setting, and cannot take full advantage of a multicore machine, whose capacity has grown to accommodate even the largest of real-world graphs. This paper describes the design and implementation of simple and fast multicore parallel algorithms for exact, as well as approximate, triangle counting and other triangle computations that scale to billions of nodes and edges. Our algorithms are provably cache-friendly, easy to implement in a language that supports dynamic parallelism, such as Cilk Plus or OpenMP, and do not require parameter tuning. On a 40-core machine with two-way hyper-threading, our parallel exact global and local triangle counting algorithms obtain speedups of 17-50x on a set of real-world and synthetic graphs, and are faster than previous parallel exact triangle counting algorithms. We can compute the exact triangle count of the Yahoo Web graph (over 6 billion edges) in under 1.5 minutes. In addition, for approximate triangle counting, we are able to approximate the count for the Yahoo graph to within 99.6% accuracy in under 10 seconds, and for a given accuracy we are much faster than existing parallel approximate triangle counting implementations.
Case Study Research: Principles and Practices

Case Study Research: Principles and Practices aims to provide a general understanding of the case study method as well as specific tools for its successful implementation. These tools can be utilized in all fields where the case study method is prominent, including business, anthropology, communications, economics, education, medicine, political science, social work, and sociology. Topics include the definition of a 'case study,' the strengths and weaknesses of this distinctive method, strategies for choosing cases, an experimental template for understanding research design, and the role of singular observations in case study research. It is argued that a diversity of approaches - experimental, observational, qualitative, quantitative, ethnographic - may be successfully integrated into case study research. This book breaks down traditional boundaries between qualitative and quantitative, experimental and nonexperimental, positivist and interpretivist.
Removal of Ocular Artifacts in EEG—An Improved Approach Combining DWT and ANC for Portable Applications

A new model to remove ocular artifacts (OA) from electroencephalograms (EEGs) is presented. The model is based on discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and adaptive noise cancellation (ANC). Using simulated and measured data, the accuracy of the model is compared with the accuracy of other existing methods based on stationary wavelet transforms and our previous work based on wavelet packet transform and independent component analysis. A particularly novel feature of the new model is the use of DWTs to construct an OA reference signal, using the three lowest frequency wavelet coefficients of the EEGs. The results show that the new model demonstrates an improved performance with respect to the recovery of true EEG signals and also has a better tracking performance. Because the new model requires only single channel sources, it is well suited for use in portable environments where constraints with respect to acceptable wearable sensor attachments usually dictate single channel devices. The model is also applied and evaluated against data recorded within the EUFP 7 Project-Online Predictive Tools for Intervention in Mental Illness (OPTIMI). The results show that the proposed model is effective in removing OAs and meets the requirements of portable systems used for patient monitoring as typified by the OPTIMI project.
High Performance NP Dynamic Adder Circuit with Carbon NANO Tube Technology

Low-power, compact, and highperformance NP dynamic CMOS circuits are presented in this paper assuming a 16 nm carbon nano tube transistor technology. The performances of two-stage pipeline 32-bit carry lookahead adders are evaluated based on HSPICE simulation with the following four different implementations: silicon MOSFET (Si-MOSFET) domino logic, Si-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS, carbon nanotube MOSFET (CN-MOSFET) domino logic, and CN-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS. While providing similar propagation delay, the total area of CN-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS adder is reduced by 35.53%, 77.96%, and 15.52% as compared to the Si-MOSFET domino, Si-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS, and CN MOSFET domino adders, respectively. Miniaturization of the CN-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS circuit reduces the dynamic switching power consumption by 80.54%, 95.57%, and 25.66% as compared to the Si-MOSFET domino, Si-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS, and CN-MOSFET domino circuits, respectively. Furthermore, the CN-MOSFET NP dynamic CMOS adder provides up to 99.98% savings in leakage power consumption as compared to the other adder circuits that are evaluated in this