Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroautophagy as a Pathomechanism in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis

Skeletal muscle fibers show a high level of constitutive and starvation-induced macroautophagy. Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (sIBM) is the most common acquired skeletal muscle disease in patients above the age of 50 years and is characterized by inflammation and intracellular accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP)/β-amyloid, hyperphosporylated tau, and presenilin. In a recent study, we found that muscle fibers of sIBM patients show increased frequencies of Atg8/LC3+ autophagosomes and that intracellular APP/β-amyloid colocalized with Atg8/LC3 in degenerating fibers. Colocalization of APP/β-amyloid with LC3+ autophagosomes was further associated with upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules and T cell infiltration. These findings indicate that APP/β-amyloid is a substrate for autophagy in skeletal muscle fibers and suggest that degradation of aggregate-prone proteins via macroautophagy can be linked with both immune-mediated and degenerative tissue damage. A better understanding of this pathway in skeletal muscle and in the inflammatory environment of sIBM might provide a rationale for novel therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic protein aggregation.
Linear approximate dynamic model of ICPF (ionic conducting polymer gel film) actuator

The ionic conducting polymer gel film (ICPF) actuator is a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane plated with platinum on its both surfaces. It bends in water and in wet condition by applying a low voltage of 1.5 V to its surfaces. This phenomenon was discovered in 1992. The principle of the motion is still unknown. This paper discusses 2-dimensional linear approximate modelling of the ICPF actuator. The authors are proposing a dynamic model of the actuator consisting of an electrical stage, a stress generation stage and mechanical stage. In the stress generation stage, time derivative of current generates the internal stress with a second degree delay. Expansion and contraction of each surface induce bending motion in the mechanical stage. Simulation results were in agreement with actual responses.
Sejong Korean Corpora in the Making

We introduce a set of Korean corpora in the making. One of them is a corpus consisting of morphologically analyzed Korean words and it is called "Sejong Morph Tagged Corpus". It is a part of Sejong Corpora, which are the results of a government-sponsored language resources compiling project in Korea. We give an outline of the corpus building component of the project and describe in some detail "Sejong Morph Tagged Corpus". The latter is being further processed for disambiguation to be turned into "Sejong Morph Sense Tagged Corpus" and into a Korean Treebank of syntactically parsed sentences.
THE WEST FRONT OF TINTERN ABBEY CHURCH, MONMOUTHSHIRE

The conservation and repair of the west front of Tintern Abbey church, undertaken by Cadw between 2005 and 2010, provided an unrivalled opportunity to survey, record and analyse the design, construction and alteration of a much-celebrated example of medieval architecture. This paper considers in detail the moulding profiles and ornament of the west front and offers a developmental history for this part of the abbey church. Comparisons are made with ecclesiastical architecture elsewhere in England and Wales, and with the contemporary programme of work being undertaken at nearby Chepstow Castle. Two appendices outline the history of its conservation since 1900 and assess some Victorian drawn records of the west front. RÉSUMÉ Les travaux de conservation et de réparation effectués sur la façade occidentale de l’église de Tintern Abbey par Cadw entre 2005 et 2010, ont offert une occasion inégalée d’étudier, de consigner et d’analyser la conception, la construction et les modifications de ce très célèbre exemple de l’architecture médiévale. Le présent article examine dans les détails les moulures et décorations de la façade ouest et présente un compte rendu du développement de cette partie de l’abbatiale. Des comparaisons sont établies avec des édifices médiévaux d’autres endroits de l’Angleterre et du Pays de Galles et avec le programme de travaux entrepris à la même époque au château de Chepstow voisin. L’histoire de sa conservation depuis 1900 est décrite dans deux annexes qui examinent également les dessins de la façade ouest effectués à l’époque victorienne. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Konservierungs- und Reparaturarbeiten an der Westfassade der Kirche von Tintern Abbey, die von Cadw zwischen 2005 und 2010 durchgeführt wurden, lieferten die einzigartige Möglichkeit, Entwurf, Konstruktion und Änderungen an diesem vielgerühmten Beispiel mittelalterlicher Architektur zu studieren, aufzunehmen und zu analysieren. Diese Abhandlung untersucht auf eingehende Weise die Formprofile und Ornamente der Westfassade und bringt eine Entwicklungsgeschichte zu diesem Teil der Abteikirche. Vergleiche werden mit sakralen Bauwerken in anderen Teilen von England und Wales und mit dem derzeit am Chepstow Castle durchgeführten Arbeitsprogramm gezogen. Zwei Anhänge umreißen die Geschichte der Konservierung seit 1900 und bewerten einige viktorianische Aufzeichnungen zur Westfassade.
Laufzeitverhalten telepräsenter Raumfahrtsysteme

Bei der Entwicklung von teleprasenten robotischen Raumfahrtsystemen fehlte bislang die Moglichkeit abzuschatzen, mit welchen Latenzzeiten zwischen dem Operator am Boden und dem Teleoperator am Satelliten zu rechnen ist. Eine derartige Abschatzung ware sowohl fur die Auslegung von teleprasenten Raumfahrtsystemen als auch fur die Verbesserung des gesamten Regelverhaltens wahrend des Missionsbetriebes sehr von Nutzen. Um diese Lucke zu schliesen, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein Kommunikations-Zeitmodell entwickelt, das die zu erwartende Latenzzeit berechnet. Fur die Entwicklung dieses Modells wurde eine Latenzzeituntersuchung mit einer eigens entwickelten Satellitenbodenstation durchgefuhrt. Mit dem entwickelten Modell konnen teleprasente Raumfahrtmissionen mittels Umgebungsvariablen charakterisiert werden. Das Modell liefert als Ergebnis die gesamte auftretende Latenzzeit (Round Trip-Zeit). Anhand der teleprasenten Raumfahrtmission ROKVISS wurde das Modell erfolgreich verifiziert.
The Intraosseous and Extraosseous Vascular Supply of the Fifth Metatarsal

Background: Osteotomies of the fifth metatarsal may disrupt the nutrient artery and result in nonunion. The location of the nutrient artery foramen relative to the location of common osteotomies has not been described. The goal of this study was to describe the vascular supply of the proximal fifth metatarsal, including the artery of origin of the nutrient artery and the location of the nutrient artery foramen. Methods: Fifty-six adult cadaver specimens were amputated below the knee. The anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries were injected with India ink and Ward’s Blue Latex. The specimens were frozen for 48 hours and then thawed to room temperature. The soft tissues were débrided with sodium hypochlorite, and the extraosseous vascularity was recorded. The fifth metatarsal was then removed and the intraosseous vascular anatomy elucidated using a modified Spälteholz technique. Results: The dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries branch in predictable patterns to supply the fifth metatarsal. The nutrient artery arose from the fourth plantar metatarsal artery in 100% of specimens and inserted into the plantar medial diaphysis in 83% of specimens. The nutrient artery foramen was an average of 26.8 mm (range, 19-40) from the medial aspect of the base of the fifth metatarsal. Conclusions: When an operative approach to the fifth metatarsal is planned, care should be taken to avoid stripping the bone on the plantar and medial aspects. Clinical Relevance: Osteotomies placed within the proximal 40 mm of the bone carry a risk of disrupting the nutrient artery, resulting in possible nonunion.
Identification of a strong enhancer element upstream from the pregenomic RNA start site of the duck hepatitis B virus genome

The genome of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) contains an enhancer element. This sequence, of 192 bp, is located in the 3'-terminal coding region of the DNA polymerase gene (nucleotides 2159 to 2351), upstream from the pregenomic RNA start site. This enhancer potentiates a marked increased activity from the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter in an orientation-independent manner and at a proximal, as well as a distal, location. The DHBV enhancer activates transcription in a relatively cell-type-independent manner. Sequence homologies with the nuclear factor EF-C binding site are located in the DHBV enhancer. By using the HepG2 nuclear extracts and the DHBV enhancer as probes, a complex was observed in mobility shift assays.
Empirical Analysis of Web 2.0 Implications on Collaborative Tool Usage and Team Interactions in Virtual Teams

This paper presents the results of an empirical survey of habits with web 2.0 tool usage at home, on technology usage and team interactions in virtual team settings. Using existing instruments for the constructs, we find that habitual usage of specific web 2.0 tools at home leads to an increasing intention to use similar features in the workplace. However we do not find significant impact on the usage of the present set of collaborative tools with web 2.0 features on specific aspects of team interaction. We also explore the web 2.0 applications perceived to be most useful by the managers participating in the study. The implications for practice and research are then discussed.
Development of a Multi-DOF Robotic Controller for Academic Purposes

This article presents the development of a robotic controller for technical training, academic teaching, and research. The controller was designed to interact from 1 to 6 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) serial robotic arms, actuated by brushed DC servomotors equipped with incremental encoders. Controller architecture is based on four components: a processor, a reconfigurable FPGA, measurement I/O hardware and software. Functionality of the robotic controller has been proved by means of the interaction with an SCARA robot arm. The proposed controller presents the potential to teach technical courses (like Robotics, Control, Electronics and Programming) and to implement and validate advanced control algorithms.
Association of pre‐diagnosis physical activity with recurrence and mortality among women with breast cancer

Evidence is emerging that physical activity (PA) may improve overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis. However, the effect of PA on breast cancer recurrence and on cause‐specific mortality is less investigated. We assessed the association of pre‐diagnosis PA with recurrence, overall and cause‐specific survival in a prospective cohort study in Germany including 3,393 non‐metastatic breast cancer patients aged 50–74 years. Cox proportional hazards models were calculated adjusted for relevant prognostic factors. During a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, 367 patients deceased. Overall mortality was significantly inversely associated with pre‐diagnosis recreational PA. However, this effect was mainly attributed to deaths due to causes other than breast cancer. Multiple fractional polynomial analyses yielded a nonlinear association with markedly increased non‐breast cancer mortality for women who did not engage in any sports or cycling in the years before the breast cancer diagnosis with a hazard ratio (HR, none vs. any) of 1.71, 95% confidence interval (1.16, 2.52). There were no further risk reductions with increasing activity levels. The association with breast cancer‐specific mortality showed a similar dose‐response but was far less pronounced with HR (none vs. any) = 1.22 (0.91, 1.64). In contrast, regarding cancer recurrence the dose‐response was linear. However, this association was restricted to estrogen/progesterone receptor‐negative (ER−/PR−) cases (pinteraction = 0.033) with HR (highest vs. no recreational PA) = 0.53 (0.24, 1.16), ptrend = 0.0045. Thus, breast cancer patients with a physically inactive lifestyle pre‐diagnosis may decease prematurely irrespective of their cancer prognosis. Higher levels of exercise may reduce the risk of recurrence of ER−/PR− breast tumors.
Effect of amplitude and inspiratory time in a bench model of non‐invasive HFOV through nasal prongs

Non‐invasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation through nasal prongs (nHFOV) has been proposed to combine the advantages of oscillatory pressure waveform and non‐invasive interface. We studied the effect of oscillation amplitude and inspiratory time on the pressure transmission and tidal volume delivery through different nasal prongs.
Resource Saving AES-CCMP Design with Hybrid Counter Mode Block Chaining - MAC

Summary IEEE 802.11i security standard is emerging as an essential security requirement to support the growth of a wide range of wireless data services and applications. However, with the advent of more battery powered wireless devices, efficient and robust cryptographic designs are needed that do not impose high computational overhead and avoid mismatch with limited battery resources and low processing capabilities inherent on these wireless devices. In this paper, we (a) apply a systematic approach to determine computational complexity and efficiency of AES-CCMP (Advance Encryption Standard - Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) designed for IEEE 802.11i, (b) propose a resource saving AES-CCMP design with hybrid CBC-MAC variant merged with Counter Mode encryption, defined as Counter Mode Block Chaining-MAC (or CMBC–MAC), for faster and more efficient data encryption and decryption. A comparative analysis of CCMP with hybrid CMBC-MAC computational complexity is performed to show its energy economy.
Using Classical Population Genetics Tools with Heterochroneous Data: Time Matters!

Background New polymorphism datasets from heterochroneous data have arisen thanks to recent advances in experimental and microbial molecular evolution, and the sequencing of ancient DNA (aDNA). However, classical tools for population genetics analyses do not take into account heterochrony between subsets, despite potential bias on neutrality and population structure tests. Here, we characterize the extent of such possible biases using serial coalescent simulations. Methodology/Principal Findings We first use a coalescent framework to generate datasets assuming no or different levels of heterochrony and contrast most classical population genetic statistics. We show that even weak levels of heterochrony (∼10% of the average depth of a standard population tree) affect the distribution of polymorphism substantially, leading to overestimate the level of polymorphism θ, to star like trees, with an excess of rare mutations and a deficit of linkage disequilibrium, which are the hallmark of e.g. population expansion (possibly after a drastic bottleneck). Substantial departures of the tests are detected in the opposite direction for more heterochroneous and equilibrated datasets, with balanced trees mimicking in particular population contraction, balancing selection, and population differentiation. We therefore introduce simple corrections to classical estimators of polymorphism and of the genetic distance between populations, in order to remove heterochrony-driven bias. Finally, we show that these effects do occur on real aDNA datasets, taking advantage of the currently available sequence data for Cave Bears (Ursus spelaeus), for which large mtDNA haplotypes have been reported over a substantial time period (22–130 thousand years ago (KYA)). Conclusions/Significance Considering serial sampling changed the conclusion of several tests, indicating that neglecting heterochrony could provide significant support for false past history of populations and inappropriate conservation decisions. We therefore argue for systematically considering heterochroneous models when analyzing heterochroneous samples covering a large time scale.
KLASSISCHE BILDUNG UND SOZIALE STRUKTUR IN DEUTSCHLAND ZWISCHEN 1800 UND 1848

FRIEDRICH PAULSEN**) machte sich einst Gedanken darüber, was ein gut informierter und weitblickender Denker um 1770 über die mögliche zukünftige Entwicklung des Erziehungswesens gesagt haben würde. Er meinte, dessen Voraussagen wären etwa so ausgefallen : , , . die bisherige Entwicklung der Kultur in der Neuzeit stelle sich, im ganzen übersehen, als ein Prozeß allmählicher Loslösung von der antiken Kultur dar. Die moderne Wissenschaft und Philosophie sei längst von der alten unabhängig und weit über sie hinausgegangen. Auch eine selbständige schöne Literatur sei auf dem Boden der modernen Kultur erwachsen, wenigstens in Frankreich und England, und wie es den Anschein habe, werde auch in Deutschland vielversprechenden Anfängen bald eine hohe Blüte folgen. Der Einfluß dieser gegen das 16. Jh. so sehr veränderten Lage der Dinge sei auch im Unterrichtswesen längst zu spüren. Die alte Gelehrtensprache sei überall im Zurückweichen, auf den Universitäten herrsche bereits das Deutsche; es könne kaum zweifelhaft sein, daß die Schulen nicht mehr lange fortfahren würden, mit der Einübung des Lateinschreibens und -sprechens sich abzumühen, da die erworbene Fertigkeit kaum noch Verwendung finde. Unter den Einsichtigen sei hierüber eigentlich nur eine Meinung; Lateinlesen sei im Grunde alles, was not tue. Das Griechische sei als Bestandteil der allgemeinen Gelehrtenbildung schon aufgegeben; nur für Theologen und Schulmänner gelte es noch als unentbehrlich. Dagegen sei die Naturwissenschaft für die allgemeine Bildung unserer Zeit von so wesentlicher Bedeutung, daß sie, in Verbindung mit Mathematik und Philosophie, in der zukünftigen Schule voraussichtlich eine wichtige Stelle einnehmen werde1). "
Prevention of quadriceps wasting after immobilization: an evaluation of the effect of electrical stimulation.

Eighteen male and 20 female patients who underwent reconstruction of their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with a flap from the patellar tendon were randomly assigned into either closed cast, isometric muscle training and electric stimulation (ES group), or closed cast and isometric training alone (control group). The degree of quadriceps wasting was determined from computerized tomographic scans (CT) before and 6 weeks after surgery. Electrical stimulation was given with a battery operated stimulator that produced a rectangular asymmetric balanced biphasic pulse shape. The pulse rate was 40 Hz and the pulse width 300 microseconds. Patients received 30 min of stimulation three times daily during 5.5 weeks. Female control patients showed a larger decrease in quadriceps area on CT than male control patients (P less than .001). No significant difference was found between male electrically stimulated patients and control patients. In female patients, there was on the contrary, a highly significant difference in favor of electrical stimulation (P less than .001) When the different parts of the quadriceps were studied, a significantly lower degree of atrophy of the vastus medialis was found after electrical stimulation. Vastus lateralis did not show any difference. Measurements of CT attenuation, pre- and post-operatively, showed a decrease in attenuation of 17% for the vastus medialis and lateralis of the operated leg after immobilization, indicating an increase in fat content. In the rectus femoris, however, there was an increase in attenuation of 14.6%. Percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis obtained before, one week after, and 6 weeks after surgery revealed that the cross-sectional area of the individual muscle fibers decreased less in the electrically stimulated than in controls, but the difference was not significant. There were no differences between the two groups in the activity of an oxidative enzyme, citrate synthase, or a glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PFK). We conclude that females reacted more favorably than males to electrical stimulation of quadriceps during an immobilization period after knee surgery.
Differential establishment potential of species predicts a shift in coral assemblage structure across a biogeographic barrier

Biogeographic breaks are locations where multiple species reach range limits simultaneously. Numerous breaks have been identified; however, the mechanisms that generate and maintain these breaks are largely unresolved. One break of particular interest lies between the subtropical Lord Howe Island off the east coast of Australia and the Great Barrier Reef 1000 km to the north, because of the potential for Lord Howe Island to serve as a refuge from climate change. Our aim was to quantitatively disentangle the mechanisms proposed to explain this break. To do so, we combined species abundance and trait data to test the hypotheses that dispersal limitation, environmental tolerance, competitive ability or evolutionary processes maintain the break. Specifically, we used multiple linear regression to analyse the extent to which species traits could predict the location of species along a non-metric multidimensional scaling axis, which was representative of assemblage change across the break. Three of the twelve species traits considered – reproductive mode, upper depth and depth range – contributed significantly to the averaged model. The higher relative abundance of species that brood larvae on Lord Howe Island supports the hypothesis that local retention of larvae is critical for population establishment at this location. In addition, abundant species on Lord Howe Island were disproportionately associated with global depth distributions that encompass deep water, which might indicate that these species are better able to tolerate sub-optimal environmental conditions, such as low light levels in the sub-tropics. Therefore, we conclude that the biogeographic break between the Great Barrier Reef and Lord Howe Island is maintained primarily by the ability of species to establish populations upon arrival. More broadly, our work adds to a growing body of evidence that suggests, over large temporal scales, establishment is more important than dispersal for the maintenance of biogeographic breaks in the oceans.
Adaptive compressive sensing algorithm for video acquisition using a single-pixel camera

Abstract. We propose a method to acquire compressed measurements for efficient video reconstruction using a single-pixel camera. The method is suitable for implementation using a single-pixel detector, along with a digital micromirror device or other types of spatial light modulators. Conventional implementations of single-pixel cameras are able to spatially compress the signal, but the compressed measurements make it difficult to exploit temporal redundancies directly. Moreover, a single-pixel camera needs to make measurements in a sequential manner before the scene changes, making it inefficient for video imaging. We discuss a measurement scheme that exploits sparsity along the time axis for video imaging. After acquiring all measurements required for the first frame, measurements are acquired only from the areas that change in subsequent frames. We segment the first frame, detect the magnitude and direction of change for each segment, and acquire compressed measurements for the changing segments in the predicted direction. Next, we compare the reconstruction results for a few test sequences with existing techniques and demonstrate the practical utility of the scheme.