Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cotton WRKY 1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton by Verticillium dahliae by Activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 1 Expression 1 [ C ] [ W ]

Plants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. Previous research has demonstrated that DELLA proteins physically interact with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 (JAZ1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling pathways. However, whether and how the JAZ1-DELLA regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth conditions or during pathogen infection is not known. Here, we demonstrate multiple functions of cotton (Gossypium barbadense) GbWRKY1 in the plant defense response and during development. Although GbWRKY1 expression is induced rapidly by methyl jasmonate and infection by Verticillium dahliae, our results show that GbWRKY1 is a negative regulator of the JA-mediated defense response and plant resistance to the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and V. dahliae. Under normal growth conditions, GbWRKY1-overexpressing lines displayed GA-associated phenotypes, including organ elongation and early flowering, coupled with the down-regulation of the putative targets of DELLA. We show that the GA-related phenotypes of GbWRKY1-overexpressing plants depend on the constitutive expression of Gossypium hirsutum GhJAZ1. We also show that GhJAZ1 can be transactivated by GbWRKY1 through TGAC core sequences, and the adjacent sequences of this binding site are essential for binding specificity and affinity to GbWRKY1, as revealed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In summary, our data suggest that GbWRKY1 is a critical regulator mediating the plant defense-to-development transition during V. dahliae infection by activating JAZ1 expression.
Classification in High-Dimensional Feature Spaces—Assessment Using SVM, IVM and RVM With Focus on Simulated EnMAP Data

Support Vector Machines (SVM) are increasingly used in methodological as well as application oriented research throughout the remote sensing community. Their classification accuracy and the fact that they can be applied on virtually any kind of remote sensing data set are their key advantages. Especially researchers working with hyperspectral or other high dimensional datasets tend to favor SVMs as they suffer far less from the Hughes phenomenon than classifiers designed for multispectral datasets do. Due to these issues, numerous researchers have published a broad range of enhancements on SVM. Many of these enhancements aim at introducing probability distributions and the Bayes theorem. Within this paper, we present an assessment and comparison of classification results of the SVM and two enhancements-Import Vector Machines (IVM) and Relevance Vector Machines (RVM)-on simulated datasets of the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program EnMAP.
Testbed and experimental analysis of automatic modulation classifier for non-uniformly sampled signal

In dynamic spectrum environment, radio terminals adapt the modulation type of transmission according to channel parameters such as noise, fading etc. to meet the desired quality of service. Subsequently, receiver needs automatic modulation classifier (AMC) to identify the modulation type of transmitted signal if not informed explicitly. Also, an opportunistic spectrum access based cognitive radio needs AMC to accurately characterize the status of frequency bands. In this paper, USRP testbed has been developed to analyze the performance of cumulant based AMC in real radio environment for BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation schemes. In the proposed testbed, the received signal is either uniformly sampled at Nyquist rate or non-uniformly sampled at sub-Nyquist rate and subsequently reconstructed. For non-uniform sampling (NUS), multi-coset sampling and orthogonal matching pursuit based reconstruction approach is realized. Experimental results, for various modulation types, antenna gains and various distances between transmitter and receiver, show that performance of AMC does not degrade significantly with NUS given that received signal is approximately sparse in frequency.
Cost-sensitive classification for rare events: an application to the credit rating model validation for SMEs

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is used to assess the discriminatory power of credit rating models. To identify the optimal threshold on the ROC curve, the iso-performance lines are used. The ROC curve and the iso-performance line assume equal classification error costs and that the two classification groups are relatively balanced. These assumptions are unrealistic in the application to credit risk. In order to remove these hypotheses, the curve of Classification Error Costs is proposed. Coherent with this curve, a methodology to identify the optimal threshold is suggested. Monte Carlo simulations that reproduce similar characteristics to the empirical credit scoring models for SMEs show that our proposal performs better that the iso-performance line. Finally, we apply the suggested methodologies to empirical data on Italian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
Satysfakcja z pracy w sektorze usług w realiach polskiej gospodarki

Celem niniejszego artykulu jest przedstawienie analizy satysfakcji z pracy pracownikow sektora uslug w polskiej gospodarce. Podstawe analizy stanowi badanie zrealizowane w na przelomie marca i kwietnia 2012 roku, na probie 1000 osob. Dobor proby mial charakter celowy. Jednym z glownych kryteriow byla reprezentacja uslug wiedzochlonnych i uslug mniej wiedzochlonnych. Wyniki badania dowodzą, ze pracownicy sektora uslug w Polsce osiągają wysoką satysfakcje z pracy. Wysokiej satysfakcji z pracy towarzyszy wysokie zaangazowanie pracownikow. Takie odczucia i postawy deklarowane przez respondentow są szansą na uruchomienie i skuteczne wykorzystanie dźwigni behawioralnej do wzrostu wartości wspolczesnych organizacji uslugowych. Jest to zaslugą pozytywnych ocen wielu aspektow zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi. Rownocześnie badania wskazują na rezerwy tkwiące w zarządzaniu rozwojem i wynagrodzeniami. Dostarczają takze informacji o osobowych czynnikach determinujących satysfakcje z pracy, ktore są niezbedne w procesie podejmowania wielu decyzji personalnych.
Combination of Olanzapine With Opioid-Agonists in the Treatment of Heroin-Addicted Patients Affected by Comorbid Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine (OLA) in heroin-dependent patients affected by comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Sixty-one patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for heroin dependence and the criteria for SSD (schizophrenia and schizotypal and schizoaffective-bipolar disorders) were treated in a 12-week prospective observational trial of substitution treatment in combination with OLA or typical antipsychotic haloperidol. Patients were included into 2 subgroups, in relationship with treatment, for the evaluation of the end points at week 12: group 1, SSD treated with OLA (35 patients); group 2, SSD treated with haloperidol (26 patients). Efficacy measures were retention in treatment, Symptoms Checklist-90 score changes, negative urinalyses results, and craving reduction. The rate of patients who remained in treatment at week 12 in group 1 SSD, treated with OLA, was significantly higher (32[91.4%]) than that of group 2 SSD (13 [50%]), treated with the typical antipsychotic (P < 0.001). The decrease in Symptoms Checklist-90 total scores from baseline, as expression of an improvement in comorbid psychopathology in the patients who completed the treatment, was significantly more consistent in group 1 than in group 2 patients (P < 0.01). Among the patients who remained in treatment, 64.4% achieved early full substance abuse remission, whereas 35.6% achieved partial substance abuse remission, with a significant difference between 1 (78.13%) and 2 (46.1%) treatment subgroups (P = 0.04). Although obtained by an observational-open clinical study with multiple limitations, our findings suggest that OLA may be able to increase retention and negative urinalyses rates during opioid agonist maintenance treatment in the patients with SSD and to improve psychopathology symptoms and tolerability in these dually diagnosed heroin addicts. Preliminary accurate diagnostic assessment and appropriate psychoactive medication in addicted patients affected by schizophrenia and schizotypal and schizoaffective-bipolar disorders seem to obtain less adverse effects and a more successful outcome of drug dependence treatment.
10 Gb/s wavelength conversion with integrated multiquantum-well-based 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer

All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data with simultaneous regeneration of the extinction ratio is achieved by means of a monolithic 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The reported devices are based on an all active multiquantum-well waveguide structure with optical amplifiers in the input/output gates. Wavelength conversion is realized by optical cross-phase modulation in a counter propagative operation mode without applying an optical filter. The 3-port Mach-Zehnder interferometer can provide either inversion or noninversion of wavelength converted 10 Gb/s data.
Reck enables cerebrovascular development by promoting canonical Wnt signaling

The cerebral vasculature provides the massive blood supply that the brain needs to grow and survive. By acquiring distinctive cellular and molecular characteristics it becomes the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), a selectively permeable and protective interface between the brain and the peripheral circulation that maintains the extra-cellular milieu permissive for neuronal activity. Accordingly, there is great interest in uncovering the mechanisms that modulate the formation and differentiation of the brain vasculature. By performing a forward genetic screen in zebrafish we isolated no food for thought (nft), a recessive late-lethal mutant that lacks most of the intra-cerebral Central Arteries (CtAs), but not other brain blood vessels. We found that the cerebral vascularization deficit of nft is caused by an inactivating lesion in reck (reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs or ST15; Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 15 protein), which encodes a membrane-anchored tumor suppressor glycoprotein. Our findings highlight Reck as a novel and pivotal modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that acts in endothelial cells to enable intra-cerebral vascularization and proper expression of molecular markers associated with BBB formation. Additional studies with cultured endothelial cells suggest that, in other contexts, Reck impacts vascular biology via the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) cascade. Together, our findings have broad implications for both vascular and cancer biology. http://dev.biologists. org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dev.123059 Access the most recent version at Development Advance Online Articles. First posted online on 10 December 2015 as 10.1242/dev.123059
Book-to-market and size effect: Risk compensation or market inefficiency

This papers applies the orthogonal portfolio approach to answer the following question: are the observed size and book-to-market effects in US data related to some risk factors besides the market risk or should these effects be interpreted as some ex post anomalies generated by market inefficiency? The orthogonal portfolio approach has been developed by MacKinlay and Pastor (2000); it is a framework for modelling asset prices by combining information in the covariance matrix and average returns to define a factor model that can be applied for estimation of expected stock returns. The results show that the observed size effect can be considered as a compensation for loading of the small firms on some latent risk factor that due to its time pattern might be considered as a distress factor. However, the book-to-market effect cannot be related to the risk factors and might be considered as a non-risk based anomaly. JEL: G11, G12.
Resource allocation and power control for device-to-device (D2D) communication

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Sincere thanks to our examiner Professor Erik Ström for his proficient guidance, his inspiring motivation, and his support from even before the thesis start, till the end. We would like to acknowledge the feedback and help by our supervisor Wanlu Sun for her informative discussions about the thesis. Our collective salutations would go to our parents for their prayers and financial support, and all those researchers whose transfer of knowledge helped us in our thesis work.
The Product of the ATM Gene Is a 370-kDa Nuclear Phosphoprotein*

Neuronal degeneration, gonadal abnormalities, and immune deficiency are some of the major manifestations of the hereditary disease ataxia telangiectasia, which is caused by mutations in a single gene, designated ATM. Here we show that the product of the ATM gene is a 370-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein. Because ATM knockout mice recapitulate the clinical symptoms of the human disease, we have examined ATM gene expression in mice. In mouse embryos at gestation day 13.5, ATM mRNA is expressed ubiquitously, with high levels detected in the nervous system and lung. Elevated ATM mRNA levels were also found in the thymus of mouse embryos at gestation day 18.5, a time when V(D)J recombination is occurring. In adult mice, ATM protein was detected in all tissues examined and was present at elevated levels in the testis, spleen, and thymus. The ATM expression pattern and the nuclear localization of the ATM protein are consistent with the proposed function of ATM in the activation of cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and genetic recombination.
Transcriptional analysis of the B cell germinal center reaction

The germinal center (GC) reaction is crucial for T cell-dependent immune responses and is targeted by B cell lymphomagenesis. Here we analyzed the transcriptional changes that occur in B cells during GC transit (naïve B cells → centroblasts → centrocytes → memory B cells) by gene expression profiling. Naïve B cells, characterized by the expression of cell cycle-inhibitory and antiapoptotic genes, become centroblasts by inducing an atypical proliferation program lacking c-Myc expression, switching to a proapoptotic program, and down-regulating cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion receptors. The transition from GC to memory cells is characterized by a return to a phenotype similar to that of naïve cells except for an apoptotic program primed for both death and survival and for changes in the expression of cell surface receptors including IL-2 receptor β. These results provide insights into the dynamics of the GC reaction and represent the basis for the analysis of B cell malignancies.
Propagator Method-Based TOA Estimation for UWB Indoor Environment in the Presence of Correlated Fading Amplitudes

The Propagator Method (PM) is extended to application in super-resolution time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation for ultra wideband (UWB) system, which need not any eigen- decomposition calculation and reduce the computation load in practical UWB implementation. Then TOA estimation is investigated in the presence of correlated complex fading amplitudes for UWB rays. In the UWB channel models proposed so far, an assumption is given that the amplitudes are statistically independent or scarcely correlated. However, they may be correlated in practical UWB indoor surrounding, which lead to rank-deficiency of the correlation matrix, and the performance is seriously descended. In the paper, array spatial smoothing is extended to solve the above problem based on forward-backward frequency-domain smoothing (FBFDS). The proposed method can reduce the computation complexity and improve the performance of closely delays estimation when the delays of arrival are smaller than a UWB pulse duration. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm are given.
Counting recurrent events in cancer research.

In clinical research, outcomes of interest often recur in the same patient. Examples include asthma attacks, urinary-tract infections, migraines, injuries, seizures in epileptics, and admissions to a hospital. Examples in cancer research include recurrent mammary tumors (1), skin cancers (2), and fractures in patients with cancer metastatic to bone (3). However, appropriate statistical methods to compare the occurrence of recurrent events between treatment groups are not widely understood or are they broadly disseminated to the research community. In this issue of the Journal, Cook and Major (4) illustrate the errors that can occur with inappropriate analytic strategies and propose some principled alternatives. In the setting of recurrent events, research studies commonly count only the first occurrence of an outcome in a subject. For example, in the first publication of data from the pamidronate trial in women with breast cancer (5), used by Cook and Major to illustrate their methods, the primary analysis compared the time until a first important skeletal complication between the active and placebo groups. This analytic strategy is straightforward and unbiased, and it avoids the methodologic complications that can occur if a first event affects either risk of a subsequent event or compliance with ongoing randomized treatment in the trial (6). For example, occurrence of a first myocardial infarction markedly increases the risk of a subsequent event and can lead patients in the placebo arm of a randomized trial to initiate active therapy (7). However, consideration of only first events may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the efficacy of a treatment. In particular, it can substantially underestimate potential benefits in terms of events prevented by a treatment. In a variety of settings, ranging from studies of health care utilization (8) to recurrent falls in high-risk persons (9), an appropriate analysis of recurrent events can yield clinical insights and an understanding of public health impact that would be missed in an analysis of only first events. Furthermore, studies that discard relevant information on subsequent outcomes can require far greater sample sizes than studies that appropriately use all available outcomes on study subjects. The major challenge to an appropriate analysis, including multiple events per person, arises because repeated events in the same person are almost never independent of one another. As noted by Cook and Major, the usual analysis of the “events per person-year” method assumes that all events occur randomly within each treatment group. More than 80 years ago, Green-
Labor market dynamics in Libya : reintegration for recovery

Since the 2011 uprising that toppled the former regime, Libya has been mired in deep political strife. An economy in which agriculture once flourished was converted wholesale to an oil-based rentier state of the most extreme kind. Following the immediate post-revolution oil-consumption boom, in 2014 Libya's economy is in recession. Security is the greatest challenge to stability. Today, limited opportunities exist for reintegrating youth and ex-combatants into the labor market. This policy note provides an initial assessment of Libya's labor market and discusses policy options for promoting employability as part of a broader jobs strategy. It is intended as a contribution to evidence on Libya's labor market for the benefit of policy makers, civil society and the broader international community. The report finds that the overall unemployment rate in Libya increased from 13.5 percent in 2010 prior to the uprising to 19 percent as of 2012, having changed little since then. Youth unemployment stands at approximately 48 percent and female unemployment 25 percent. The vast majority (85 percent) of Libya's active labor force is employed in the public sector, a high rate even by regional standards. The rate for women is even higher (93 percent). Employment in industry (largely the oil sector) and agriculture accounts for only 10 percent of the labor force. While nearly all public sector workers are covered by some form of social insurance, only 46 percent of private sector workers are enrolled - a striking difference. The report further discusses the implications of Libyan jobseeker profiles. Thirty percent of firms have reported difficulty in recruiting qualified Libyan nationals. Only 15-30 percent of Libya's labor force is relatively skilled and likely could be hired readily if given access to basic job training and job search assistance. For the remainder of the unemployed work force, targeted interventions would need to be designed for advanced skills development, vocational training, reconversion, and apprenticeship and entrepreneurship programs. The report discusses options for shifting Libya from a rentier state to a diversified, productive economy through economic and technical partnerships to help accelerate creating economic opportunities and jobs.
Doptaus--a simple criterion for improving sonographic diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of 'Detection Of Pin-point Tenderness on the Appendix on abdominal UltraSound' (DOPTAUS) for improving sonographic diagnosis by junior and senior ultrasound operators. METHODS An analytical study was done at the Radiology Department, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi from March 2005 to December 2006. Adult patients of either gender with clinically suspected acute appendicitis referred to the department during regular working hours and later operated in the same hospital were included. Each patient was scanned by a junior and a senior ultrasound operator using the conventional criteria first and later focused ultrasound of the point of maximal tenderness (DOPTAUS). Diagnosis was compared against surgical findings for accuracy determination. Percentage agreement between the operator groups was evaluated by kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS Out of the referred 100 patients (58 males, 42 females, mean age 32.6 +/- 7.8 years), appendicitis was diagnosed using conventional criteria by juniors in 48 and by seniors in 74 patients (k = 0.4, sensitivity = 56.74%, specificity 53.3%). Using DOPTAUS acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 69 by juniors and 85 by seniors (k = 0.69, sensitivity = 90.4%, specificity = 83.33%). On surgery, 94 cases were found to have acute appendicitis. CONCLUSION In this series, focused ultrasound after detecting maximal pin-point tenderness resulted in improved diagnosis of acute appendicitis in clinically suspected cases. Moreover, the percentage agreement between the operator groups increased from intermediate to good with improved accuracy. This shows that less experienced operators can improve their diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis using focal pin-point tenderness as the guide.