Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
catena-Poly[[triphenyltin(IV)]-μ-3-methylphenylseleninato-κ2 O:O′]

In the polymeric title coordination compound, [Sn(C6H5)3(C7H7O2Se)]n, the SnIV atom has a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry, with two O atoms from two symmetry-related bridging seleninate ligands in axial positions and three phenyl groups in the equatorial plane. In the crystal, the complex exhibits a zigzag chain structure running parallel to the c axis. An intrachain C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed.
Degenerative Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders have complex and sometimes controversial etiologies. Also, under similar circumstances, one person’s TMJ may appear to deteriorate, while another’s does not. However, once degenerative changes start in the TMJ, this pathology can be crippling, leading to a variety of morphological and functional deformities. Primarily, TMJ disorders have a non-inflammatory origin. The pathological process is characterized by deterioration and abrasion of articular cartilage and local thickening. These changes are accompanied by the superimposition of secondary inflammatory changes. Therefore, appreciating the pathophysiology of the TMJ degenerative disorders is important to an understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of internal derangement and osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. The degenerative changes in the TMJ are believed to result from dysfunctional remodeling, due to a decreased host-adaptive capacity of the articulating surfaces and/or functional overloading of the joint that exceeds the normal adaptive capacity. This paper reviews etiologies that involve biomechanical and biochemical factors associated with functional overloading of the joint and the clinical, radiographic, and biochemical findings important in the diagnosis of TMJ-osteoarthrosis. In addition, non-invasive and invasive modalities utilized in TMJ-osteoarthrosis management, and the possibility of tissue engineering, are discussed.
A novel approach for ringdown detection using extended Kalman filter

Estimation of electromechanical modes has attracted attention during past few decades because the estimation of these modes provides vital information about the stability of the power system. In this paper, a new state-space model is developed for online detection of a ringdown signal using extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed model not only can estimate constant parameters, but it can also track time-varying parameters. Simulation results demonstrate the desirable performance of the proposed method for ringdown parameter estimation.
Are liquid crystalline properties of nucleosomes involved in chromosome structure and dynamics?

Nucleosome core particles correspond to the structural units of eukaryotic chromatin. They are charged colloids, 101 Å in diameter and 55 Å in length, formed by the coiling of a 146/147 bp DNA fragment (50 nm) around the histone protein octamer. Solutions of these particles can be concentrated, under osmotic pressure, up to the concentrations found in the nuclei of living cells. In the presence of monovalent cations (Na+), nucleosomes self-assemble into crystalline or liquid crystalline phases. A lamello-columnar phase is observed at ‘low salt’ concentrations, while a two-dimensional hexagonal phase and a three-dimensional quasi-hexagonal phase form at ‘high salt’ concentrations. We followed the formation of these phases from the dilute isotropic solutions to the ordered phases by combining cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The phase diagram is presented as a function of the monovalent salt concentration and applied osmotic pressure. An alternative method to condense nucleosomes is to induce their aggregation upon addition of divalent or multivalent cations (Mg2+, spermidine3+ and spermine4+). Ordered phases are also found in the aggregates. We also discuss whether these condensed phases of nucleosomes may be relevant from a biological point of view.
Terrain runner

In this paper we learn the skills required by real-time physics-based avatars to perform parkour-style fast terrain crossing using a mix of running, jumping, speed-vaulting, and drop-rolling. We begin with a single motion capture example of each skill and then learn reduced-order linear feedback control laws that provide robust execution of the motions during forward dynamic simulation. We then parameterize each skill with respect to the environment, such as the height of obstacles, or with respect to the task parameters, such as running speed and direction. We employ a continuation process to achieve the required parameterization of the motions and their affine feedback laws. The continuation method uses a predictor-corrector method based on radial basis functions. Lastly, we build control laws specific to the sequential composition of different skills, so that the simulated character can robustly transition to obstacle clearing maneuvers from running whenever obstacles are encountered. The learned transition skills work in tandem with a simple online step-based planning algorithm, and together they robustly guide the character to achieve a state that is well-suited for the chosen obstacle-clearing motion.
The impact of feedback on students' affective states

Affective states play a significant role in students' learning behaviour. Positive affective states can enhance learning, while negative affective states can inhibit it. This paper describes a Wizard-of-Oz study that investigates the impact of different types of feedback on students' affective states. Our results indicate the importance of providing feedback matched carefully to the affective state of the students in order to help them transition into more positive states. For example when students were confused affect boosts and specific instructive feedback seem to be effective in helping students to be in flow again. We discuss this and other ways to adapt the feedback, together with implications for the development of our system and the field in general.
Predicting Suicidal Ideation with the Depression Hopelessness and Suicide Screening Form (DHS)

ABSTRACT The current study examines a series of interactions between a prior history of suicidal behavior and cognitions permissive of suicide, and the variables of depression and hopelessness in the relationship with suicidal ideation in two samples of incarcerated offenders. Results indicate that both a prior history of suicidal behavior and cognitions permissive of suicide interact with depression and hopelessness in a multiple regression equation with the outcome of suicidal ideation. A second study confirms and extends the initial findings. Taken together, the interactions in these studies account for four and 19% of additional variance in the relationship with suicidal ideation. The results indicate that certain suicide-related variables are multiplicative in their relationship. The discussion considers the variables within an empirically derived multidimensional framework.
Electro-optically tunable vertically integrated chalcogenide interferometer on LiNbO3

A vertically integrated As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Mach-Zehnder interferometer side-coupled to a Ti:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> waveguide is electro-optically tuned utilizing asymmetric coplanar strip electrodes along the chalcogenide path. Tuning of the TM polarization is demonstrated with V<sub>π</sub> = 19.6 V.
The impact of a Mediterranean diet and healthy lifestyle on premature mortality in men and women

Background: The Mediterranean diet has been associated with reduced mortality; few studies have investigated the combined impact of the Mediterranean diet with other modifiable lifestyle factors. Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and total mortality and estimate the overall impact of a combined healthy lifestyle on premature death. Design: In 1986 a cohort of 120,852 men and women aged 55‐69 y provided information on dietary and other lifestyle habits. A mortality follow-up until 1996 was established by linkage to the Dutch Central Bureau of Genealogy. A combined lifestyle score was constructed by allocating one point per the following healthy lifestyle factors: adhering to the Mediterranean diet, nonsmoking, normal weight [BMI (in kg/m 2 ): 18.5 to ,25], and regular physical activity. The lifestyle score ranged from 0 to 4 points (least healthy to healthiest). The multivariate case-cohort analysis was based on 9691 deaths and 3576 subcohort members. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly related to lower mortality in women but not significantly in men. The healthy lifestyle score was strongly inversely related to mortality in women and men. When the least-healthy to the healthiest lifestyle scores were compared, HRs of 4.07 (95% CI: 2.59, 6.40; P-trend ,0.001) and 2.61 (95% CI: 1.79, 3.80; P-trend ,0.001) were shown in women and men, respectively. For the same comparison, the mortality rate advancement period (“aging effect”) was 15.1 y (95% CI: 9.9, 20.2 y) in women and 8.4 y (95% CI: 5.0, 11.8 y) in men. Conclusion: This study suggests that adherence to 4 modifiable healthy lifestyle factors can substantially reduce premature mortality in women and men. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110. 008250.
Effect of Weather, School Transport, and Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Levels of Adolescents From Two European Cities

The main goal of this study is to analyze the influence of several environmental factors (temperature, precipitation, mode and duration of school transport, perception of physical activity [PA] opportunities, and perceived neighborhood walkability) on adolescent’s daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels of two European mid-sized cities. Data were collected from a sample of 829 adolescents (49.7% Spanish; 55.2% females; 14.33 ± 0.73 years). Daily meteorological data were collected for the valid days for each subject and MVPA levels were assessed with Actigraph GT3X accelerometer during seven consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Warmer weather (p < .01), lower levels of precipitation (p < .05), and use of active school transport (p < .05) were significantly associated with higher MVPA levels. Environmental neighborhood perception did not show significant influence. Further efforts should be carried out to increase PA opportunities during colder periods, rainy days, and to promote the use of active transport
Preparing Music Preservice Teachers to Enhance Language Arts Reading Skills in the Elementary Music Classroom

National Association of Schools of Music–accredited music education programs were investigated to determine how preservice students were equipped to address language arts within the general music classroom. The study began with a content analysis of degree programs (N = 100), followed by a survey taken by instructors of the general music course related to perceptions and attitudes toward reading integration. Interviews were conducted to examine how instructors addressed language arts within the general music course. Data indicated that more than half the institutions required a reading course. Additionally, instructor attitudes were favorable toward reading integration, and a majority of the instructors perceived an awareness of a national reading crisis. Interview results revealed consistent themes toward reading integration and preservice teacher preparation to include (a) an awareness of key concepts and vocabulary in reading instruction, (b) instructor modeling of reading strategies applied to music instruction, and (c) opportunities for students to demonstrate integrative practices through assignments.
A Memory-Access Validation Scheme against Payload Injection Attacks

The authenticity of a piece of data or an instruction is crucial in mitigating threats from various forms of software attack. In spite of the various forms of protection against malicious attacks exploiting spurious data, adversaries have been successful in circumventing such protection. This paper proposes a memory-access validation scheme that manages information on spurious data at the granularity of the cache line size. A validation unit based on the proposed scheme answers queries from other components in the processor so that spurious data can be blocked before control flow diversion. We describe the design of this validation unit as well as its integration into the memory hierarchy of a modern processor and assess its memory requirement and performance impact with two simulators. The experimental results show that our scheme is able to detect synthesized payload injection attacks and to manage taint information with a moderate memory overhead under an acceptable performance impact.
Detection of Weak Unstable Predicates in Distributed Programs

This paper discusses detection of global predicates in a distributed program. Earlier algorithms for detection of global predicates proposed by Chandy and Lamport (1985) work only for stable predicates. A predicate is stable if it does not turn false once it becomes true. Our algorithms detect even unstable predicates, without excessive overhead. In the past, such predicates have been regarded as too difficult to detect. The predicates are specified by using a logic described formally in this paper. We discuss detection of weak conjunctive predicates that are formed by conjunction of predicates local to processes in the system. Our detection methods will detect whether such a predicate is true for any interleaving of events in the system, regardless of whether the predicate is stable. Also, any predicate that can be reduced to a set of weak conjunctive predicates is detectable. This class of predicates captures many global predicates that are of interest to a programmer. The message complexity of our algorithm is bounded by the number of messages used by the program. The main applications of our results are in debugging and testing of distributed programs. Our algorithms have been incorporated in a distributed debugger that runs on a network of Sun workstations in UNIX. >
Control Framework for Dexterous Manipulation Using Dynamic Visual Servoing and Tactile Sensors' Feedback

Tactile sensors play an important role in robotics manipulation to perform dexterous and complex tasks. This paper presents a novel control framework to perform dexterous manipulation with multi-fingered robotic hands using feedback data from tactile and visual sensors. This control framework permits the definition of new visual controllers which allow the path tracking of the object motion taking into account both the dynamics model of the robot hand and the grasping force of the fingertips under a hybrid control scheme. In addition, the proposed general method employs optimal control to obtain the desired behaviour in the joint space of the fingers based on an indicated cost function which determines how the control effort is distributed over the joints of the robotic hand. Finally, authors show experimental verifications on a real robotic manipulation system for some of the controllers derived from the control framework.
New Paradigms to Help Solve the Global Aquaculture Disease Crisis

The authors (GDS, KS) acknowledge funding administered by the British Council under the Newton Fund Researcher Links Programme, for a UK-Thailand bilateral workshop entitled "Scientific, technological and social solutions for sustainable aquaculture in Thailand: a key player in global aquatic food supply," Bangkok, March 2016. Further funding support is acknowledged from the European Commission (EC) and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) under contracts C6928 and FB002 (to GDS and DB); from the Royal Society under a University Research Fellowship (to BAPW); and to the Agricultural Research Development Agency (ARDA) and National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) (to KS, TWF, and OI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
LaeA, a Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus spp

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites, or biochemical indicators of fungal development, are of intense interest to humankind due to their pharmaceutical and/or toxic properties. We present here a novel Aspergillus nuclear protein, LaeA, as a global regulator of secondary metabolism in this genus. Deletion of laeA (ΔlaeA) blocks the expression of metabolic gene clusters, including the sterigmatocystin (carcinogen), penicillin (antibiotic), and lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemic agent) gene clusters. Conversely, overexpression of laeA triggers increased penicillin and lovastatin gene transcription and subsequent product formation. laeA expression is negatively regulated by AflR, a sterigmatocystin Zn2Cys6 transcription factor, in a unique feedback loop, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and RasA. Although these last two proteins also negatively regulate sporulation, ΔlaeA strains show little difference in spore production compared to the wild type, indicating that the primary role of LaeA is to regulate metabolic gene clusters.
Heterogeneous Multiconstraint Application Partitioner (HMAP)

In this article we propose a novel framework -- Heterogeneous Multiconstraint Application Partitioner (HMAP) for exploiting parallelism on heterogeneous High performance computing (HPC) architectures. Given a heterogeneous HPC cluster with varying compute units, communication constraints and topology, HMAP framework can be utilized for partitioning applications exhibiting task and data parallelism resulting in increased performance. The challenge lies in the fact that heterogeneous compute clusters consist of processing elements exhibiting different compute speeds, vector lengths, and communication bandwidths, which all need to be considered when partitioning the application and associated data. We tackle this problem using a staged graph partitioning approach. Experimental evaluation on a variety of different heterogeneous HPC clusters and applications show that our framework can exploit parallelism resulting in more than 3× speedup over current state of the art partitioning technique. HMAP framework finishes within seconds even for architectures with 100's of processing elements, which makes our algorithm suitable for exploring parallelism potential.
Addressing geographical variation in the progression of non-communicable diseases in Peru: the CRONICAS cohort study protocol

Background The rise in non-communicable diseases in developing countries has gained increased attention. Given that around 80% of deaths related to non-communicable diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries, there is a need for local knowledge to address such problems. Longitudinal studies can provide valuable information about disease burden of non-communicable diseases in Latin America to inform both public health and clinical settings. Methods The CRONICAS cohort is a longitudinal study performed in three Peruvian settings that differ by degree of urbanisation, level of outdoor and indoor pollution and altitude. The author sought to enrol an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 1000 participants at each site. Study procedures include questionnaires on socio-demographics and well-known risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease, blood draw, anthropometry and body composition, blood pressure and spirometry before and after bronchodilators. All participants will be visited at baseline, at 20 and 40 months. A random sample of 100 households at each site will be assessed for 24 h particulate matter concentration. Primary outcomes include prevalence of risk factors for cardiopulmonary diseases, changes in blood pressure and blood glucose over time and decline in lung function. Discussion There is an urgent need to characterise the prevalence and burden of non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Peru is a middle-income country currently undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition. This longitudinal study will provide valuable information on cardiopulmonary outcomes in three different settings and will provide a platform to address potential interventions that are locally relevant or applicable to other similar settings in Latin America.
Mouse Zfx protein is similar to Zfy-2: each contains an acidic activating domain and 13 zinc fingers

The Zfy gene is located on the Y chromosome of placental mammals and encodes a zinc finger protein which may serve as the primary sex-determining signal. A related gene, Zfx, is similarly conserved on the X chromosome. Unlike that in most mammals, the mouse genome contains four homologous zinc finger loci: Zfy-1, Zfy-2, Zfx, and Zfa (on an autosome). We report that, in contrast to the mouse Zfy genes, Zfx is widely transcribed in embryos, newborns, and adults, both male and female. Moreover, Zfx transcripts contain long 3' untranslated sequences which are phylogenetically conserved. Zfa is a processed gene derived from Zfx. An analysis of cDNA clones demonstrated that Zfx encodes a 799-amino-acid protein that is 70% identical to the mouse Zfy-1 and Zfy-2 proteins. Zfx, Zfy-1, and Zfy-2 contain highly acidic amino-terminal domains and carboxy-terminal regions containing 13 zinc fingers. When fused to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4, the acidic domains of Zfx and Zfy-2 activated transcription in yeast cells.
Second-order consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems with heterogeneous topologies

This paper focuses on the consensus of multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics under heterogenous topologies. The stability analysis is based on Lyapunov method and graph theory. Sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are given to guarantee the consensus of the multi-agent systems. The algorithms of none-zero velocity consensus and the zero velocity consensus are provided in this paper. We give two simulations at the end of this paper, showing the states of positions and velocities of all agents can reach consensus, under the proposed control laws.
Hybrid search for optimum in a small implicitly defined region

We consider optimization problems with a small implicitly defined feasible region, and with an objective function corrupted by irregularities, e.g. small noise added to the function values. Known mathematical programming methods with high convergence rate can not be applied to such problems. A hybrid technique is developed combining random search for the feasible region of a considered problem, and evolutionary search for the minimum over the found region. The solution results of two test problems and of a difficult real world problem are presented.
Implementation for Gabor Filter Using on Satellite Images Enhance the Image Quality

In this paper satellite image resolution and brightness enhancement technique based on the Gabor wavelet transform has been proposed. Satellite images are used in many applications such as geosciences studies, astronomy, and geographical information systems. The input image is enhanced first using Colour Space Transform and then a filter consisting of Gabor wavelets is used to extract texture features from the satellite image. The feature formation process models the texture features from Gabor filter as a Gaussian distribution. The use of Gabor filters is driven by the potential they have to isolate texture according to particular frequencies and orientations. The parameters that define a Gabor filter are its frequency, standard deviation and orientation.