Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using a Hipparcos-derived Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to Limit the Metallicity Scatter of Stars in the Hyades: Are Stars Polluted?

Hipparcos parallaxes and proper motions have made it possible to construct Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagrams of nearby clusters with unprecedented accuracy. The standard deviation of high-fidelity, nonbinary, nonvariable stars about a model stellar evolution isochrone in the Hyades cluster is about 0.04 mag. We use this deviation to estimate an upper limit on the scatter in metallicities in stars in this cluster. From the gradient of the isochrone's evolution in the H-R diagram, we estimate an upper limit for the scatter of metallicities Δ[Fe/H] ≲ 0.03 dex, a smaller limit than has previously been measured spectroscopically. This suggests that stars in open clusters are formed from gas that is nearly homogeneous in its metallicity. We consider the hypothesis that processes associated with planet formation can pollute the convection zone of stars. The low observed scatter about the isochrone in the Hyades suggests that pollution effects are not common and strong. If the position on the H-R diagram is insensitive to the metallicity of the convection zone and atmosphere, then stars that have very polluted convection zones can be identified from a comparison between their metallicity and position on the H-R diagram. Alternatively, if the pollution of the star by metals results in a large change in the position of the star on the H-R diagram in a direction perpendicular to the isochrone, then the low scatter of stars in the Hyades can be used to place constraints on quantity of high-Z material that could have polluted the stars.
REFINED PROPERTIES OF THE HD 130322 PLANETARY SYSTEM

Exoplanetary systems closest to the Sun, with the brightest host stars, provide the most favorable opportunities for characterization studies of the host star and their planet(s). The Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey uses both new radial velocity (RV) measurements and photometry in order to greatly improve planetary orbit uncertainties and the fundamental properties of the star, in this case HD 130322. The only companion, HD 130322b, orbits in a relatively circular orbit, e = 0.029 every ∼10.7 days. We have compiled RV measurements from multiple sources, including 12 unpublished from the Keck I telescope, over the course of ∼14 yr and have reduced the uncertainty in the transit midpoint to ∼2 hr. The transit probability for the b-companion is 4.7%, where M p sin i = 1.15 M J ? > and a = 0.0925 AU. In this paper, we compile photometric data from the T11 0.8 m Automated Photoelectric Telescope at Fairborn Observatory taken over ∼14 yr, including the constrained transit window, which results in a dispositive null result for both full transit exclusion of HD 130322b to a depth of 0.017 mag and grazing transit exclusion to a depth of ∼0.001 mag. Our analysis of the starspot activity via the photometric data reveals a highly accurate stellar rotation period: 26.53 ± 0.70 days. In addition, the brightness of the host with respect to the comparison stars is anti-correlated with the Ca ii H and K indices, typical for a young solar-type star.
Comparison of Three Different A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists on Infarct Size and Multiple Cycle Ischemic Preconditioning in Anesthetized Dogs

A1 adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists are effective diuretic agents that may be useful for treating fluid retention disorders including congestive heart failure. However, antagonism of A1ARs is potentially a concern when using these agents in patients with ischemic heart disease. To address this concern, the present study was designed to compare the actions of the A1AR antagonists CPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine), BG 9719 (1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbornyl)]xanthine), and BG 9928 (1,3-dipropyl-8-[1-(4-propionate)-bicyclo-[2,2,2]octyl]xanthine) on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in an in vivo dog model of infarction. Barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 60 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion, after which infarct size was assessed by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. IPC was elicited by four 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion cycles produced 10 min before the 60-min occlusion. Multiple-cycle IPC produced a robust reduction (∼65%) in infarct size; this effect of IPC on infarct size was not abrogated in dogs pretreated with any of the three AR antagonists. Surprisingly, in the absence of IPC, pretreatment with CPX or BG 9928 before occlusion or immediately before reperfusion resulted in significant reductions (∼40–50%) in myocardial infarct size. However, treatment with an equivalent dose of BG 9719 had no similar effect. We conclude that the A1AR antagonists BG 9719, BG 9928, and CPX do not exacerbate cardiac injury and do not interfere with IPC induced by multiple ischemia/reperfusion cycles. We discuss the possibility that the cardioprotective actions of CPX and BG 9928 may be related to antagonism of A2BARs.
The Role of Open Source in New Business Formation: Innovations for Development

Innovative uses of ICTs can bring about development. The open source software movement offers new opportunities for innovation. In particular, the use of such platforms can enable entrepreneurs in low resource environments to access and use needed software to support their new businesses. This paper investigates the role of open source software for development. This research shows that participation in open source communities is significantly correlated with new business formation. Through an analysis of datasets from the World Bank and GitHub, the largest open source platform, this paper finds a relationship between open source participation, new business formation and their effects on development, through unemployment rates. There is a strong, positive correlation between new business registrations and active GitHub users, which was statistically significant. The implications for development are in the effect of a positive relationship in job creation based on business formation and open source participation.
Spontaneous Breathing Pattern as Respiratory Functional Outcome in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

Introduction SMA is characterised by progressive motor and respiratory muscle weakness. We aimed to verify if in SMA children 1)each form is characterized by specific ventilatory and thoraco-abdominal pattern(VTAp) during quiet breathing(QB); 2)VTAp is affected by salbutamol therapy, currently suggested as standard treatment, or by the natural history(NH) of SMA; 3)the severity of global motor impairment linearly correlates with VTAp. Materials and methods VTAp was analysed on 32 SMA type I (SMA1,the most severe form), 51 type II (SMA2,the moderate), 8 type III (SMA3,the mildest) and 20 healthy (HC) using opto-electronic plethysmography. Spirometry, cough and motor function were measured in a subgroup of patients. Results In SMA1, a normal ventilation is obtained in supine position by rapid and shallow breathing with paradoxical ribcage motion. In SMA2, ventilation is within a normal range in seated position due to an increased respiratory rate(p<0.05) with reduced tidal volume(p<0.05) secondary to a poor contribution of pulmonary ribcage(%ΔVRC,P, p<0.001). Salbutamol therapy had no effect on VTAp during QB(p>0.05) while tachypnea occurred in type I NH. A linear correlation(p<0.001) was found between motor function scales and VTAp. Conclusion A negative or reduced %ΔVRC,P, indicative of ribcage muscle weakness, is a distinctive feature of SMA1 and SMA2 since infancy. Its quantitative assessment represents a non-invasive, non-volitional index that can be obtained in all children, even uncollaborative, and provides useful information on the action of ribcage muscles that are known to be affected by the disease.Low values of motor function scales indicate impairment of motor but also of respiratory function.
Autistic Traits in an Internet Sample of Gender Variant UK Adults

ABSTRACT Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of autistic spectrum conditions (ASCs) in adults with gender dysphoria (GD) versus the general population (Jones et al., 2012; Pasterski, Gilligan, & Curtis, 2014). This study utilized snowball sampling to collect data on gender identities, self-reported diagnoses of ASCs, and AQ-10 scores of individuals with GD. Of 446 respondents, 14% reported an ASC diagnosis. Higher AQ-10 scores were observed in those defining as male (M = 5.66, 95% CI [5.10, 6.22]) versus those defining as female (M = 4.25, 95% CI [3.55, 4.35]) and in those assigned female-at-birth (M = 5.67, 99.9% CI [4.91, 6.43]) versus those assigned as male-at-birth (M = 4.11, 99.9% CI [3.53, 4.69]). The genderqueer group (M = 5.73, 95% CI = [5.20, 6.26]) had the highest observed mean AQ-10 score. This study has implications for the management of those with GD and for researchers owing to both the large number of nonbinary individuals identified and to the complexities identified surrounding language when researching this group.
Key‐styling: learning motion style for real‐time synthesis of 3D animation

In this paper, we present a novel real‐time motion synthesis approach that can generate 3D character animation with required style. The effectiveness of our approach comes from learning captured 3D human motion as a self‐organizing mixture network (SOMN); of parametric Gaussians.The learned model describes the motion under the control of a vector variable called style variable, and acts as a probabilistic mapping from the low‐dimensional style values to the high‐dimensional 3D poses. We design a pose synthesis algorithm to allow the user to generate poses by specifying new style values. We also propose a novel motion synthesis method, the key‐styling, which accepts a sparse sequence of key style values and interpolates a dense sequence of style values to synthesize an animation. Key‐styling is able to produce animations that are more realistic and natural‐looking than those synthesized with the traditional key‐keyframing technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumorigenic study on hepatocytes coexpressing SV40 with Ras

A model of neoplastic transformation by the combination of SV40 large T antigen (LT), SV40 small T antigen (ST), oncogenic Ras, and human telomerase reverse trasncriptase subunit (hTERT) has become established and replicated in primary human fibroblasts, however, there is no report on human hepatocytes. Here we use cell transplantation model, and show that transplantation of human hepatocytes of HL‐7702 and HL‐7703 expressing Ha‐RasV12 and SV40 LT into subrenal capsule of immunodeficient mice results in fully malignant tumors, in contrast to conventional subcutaneous injections where tumors fail to develop. In GM‐847 cell study, we have found that hTERT is not required for tumorigenic growth in subrenal capsule transplantation, however, it is required in subcutaneous injection assay. These results demonstrate that Human hepatocytes can be transformed under kidney capsule by coexpressing SV40 LT and Ha‐RasV12, neither hTERT nor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition are required for malignant transformation, a gene which increases cell survival in the subcutaneous injection model is not required for tumorigenic growth in subrenal capsule. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Prevalence and Causes of Visaual Impairment and Blindness in a Rural Population in the North of Iran

Background: Visual impairment is a very important public health problem. In Iran, reports of visual impairment and blindness have been published from the urban population while the prevalence of visual impairment in the rural population has not been reported. The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, in a rural population in district of based on age and sex Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, using random cluster sampling, 13 of the 83 villages of Khaf County in the north east of Iran were selected. Eye examinations were performed in a Mobile Eye Clinic (Nooravaran Salamat, 2011) and included optometric examinations such as measuring uncorrected and corrected visual acuity along with non-cycloplegic refraction. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment, low vision, and blindness was 6.3% (95% CI 5.3–7.3), 3.4% (95% CI 2.6–4.1), and 3.0% (95% CI 2.3–3.6), respectively. The prevalence of visual impairment ranged from 1.8% in the participant younger than 20 years of age to 28% in the subjects aged 60 and over (P<0.001). After matching for age, the prevalence of visual impairment and low vision was significantly higher in women. The most prevalent causes of visual impairment were uncorrected refractory error (54.5%) and cataract (17.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment was significantly higher in the rural population of this study when compared to previous reports from Iran. It seems that provision of therapeutic facilities like cataract surgery and availability of eyeglasses in villages can considerably reduce the prevalence of visual impairment.
Tükenmişlik sendromunun örgütsel bağlılığı zayıflatıcı etkilerinin Malatya Merkez’de görev yapan hemşireler üzerinde incelenmesi

Bu calisma hemsirelerin orgutsel baglilik duzeylerinin dusuklugunde tukenmislik duzeylerinin ne derece etkili oldugunu bulmak amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismanin evreni, Malatya Il Merkezi’nde bulunan kamuya ait hastanelerde calisan hemsirelerdir. Amaci gerceklestirmek icin evren icerisinde yer alan 1172 hemsireden 288’ine anket uygulanmistir. Anketin iceriginde, Allen-Mayer’in gelistirdigi “Orgutsel Baglilik Olcegi” ve “Maslach Tukenmislik Envanteri” yer almaktadir. Arastirma sorularina cevap verebilmek icin korelasyon, regresyon ve yol analizi yapilmistir. Analizler icin SPSS 19.0 ve LISREL 8.8 programlarindan yararlanilmistir. Sonuc olarak, “tukenmisligin tum boyutlarinin orgutsel bagliligin tum boyutlari uzerinde negatif yonde etkili oldugu” bulgusuna erisilmistir
Genes Encoding Heterotrimeric G-proteins Are Associated with Gray Matter Volume Variations in the Medial Frontal Cortex

G-protein–coupled signal transduction mediates most cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters; this signaling system transduces a large variety of extracellular stimuli into neurons and is the most widely used mechanism for cell communication at the synaptic level. The heterotrimeric G-proteins have been well established as key regulators of neuronal growth, differentiation, and function. More recently, the heterotrimeric G-protein genes group was associated with general cognitive ability. Although heterotrimeric G-proteins are linked to both cognitive ability aond neuron signaling, it is unknown whether heterotrimeric G-proteins are also important for brain structure. We tested for association between local cerebral gray matter volume and the heterotrimeric G-protein genes group in 294 subjects; a replication analysis was performed in an independent sample of 238 subjects. Voxel-based morphometry revealed a strong replicated association between 2 genes encoding heterotrimeric G-proteins with specific local increase in medial frontal cortex volume, an area known to be involved in cognitive control and negative affect. This finding suggests that heterotrimeric G-proteins might modulate medial frontal cortex gray matter volume. The differences in gray matter volume due to variations in genes encoding G-proteins may be explained by the role of G-proteins in prenatal and postnatal neocortex development.
WFPC2 Stellar Photometry with HSTphot

HSTphot, a photometry package designed to handle the undersampled point‐spread functions (PSFs) found in WFPC2 images, is introduced and described, as well as some of the considerations that have to be made in order to obtain accurate PSF‐fitting stellar photometry with WFPC2 data. Tests of HSTphot’s internal reliability are made using multiple observations of the same field, and tests of external reliability are made by comparisons with DoPHOT reductions of the same data.
Proteome Dynamics of the Specialist Oxalate Degrader Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is a unique intestinal organism that relies on oxalate degradation to meet most of its energy and carbon needs. A lack of colonization is a risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. The release of the genome sequence of O. formigenes has provided an opportunity to increase our understanding of the biology of O. formigenes. This study used mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics to examine changes in protein levels associated with the transition of growth from log to stationary phase. Of the 1867 unique protein coding genes in the genome of O. formigenes strain OxCC13, 1822 proteins were detected, which is at the lower end of the range of 1500–7500 proteins found in free-living bacteria. From the protein datasets presented here it is clear that O. formigenes contains a repertoire of metabolic pathways expected of an intestinal microbe that permit it to survive and adapt to new environments. Although further experimental testing is needed to confirm the physiological and regulatory processes that mediate adaptation with nutrient shifts, the O. formigenes protein datasets presented here can be used as a reference for studying proteome dynamics under different conditions and have significant potential for hypothesis development.
The Effect of Huntington's Chorea on Family Life

This paper examines the effect of Huntington's Chorea (H.C.) on family life with particular reference to the consequences for the spouse of the H.C. patient. It describes in some detail the marital and parental difficulties encountered and confirms the severe familial disruption that occurs. It suggests that families or individuals segregating this disorder can be usefully divided into two categories of behaviour which are referred to as *H.C. -orientated' and 'indepen dently-orientated'. It is further suggested that for purposes of practical management and in the hope of avoiding the process whereby families become H.C. -orientated, these families require and should be offered on-going social-work support from the time a family is recognised as being at risk of H.C.
Increasing TCP's Initial Window

This document specifies an optional standard for TCP to increase the permitted initial window from one or two segment(s) to roughly 4K bytes, replacing RFC 2414. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the higher initial window, and includes discussion of experiments and simulations showing that the higher initial window does not lead to congestion collapse. Finally, this document provides guidance on implementation issues.
Toward Botnet Mesocosms

An in-depth understanding of botnet behavior is a precursor to building effective defenses against this serious and growing threat. In this paper we describe our initial steps toward building a flexible and scalable laboratory testbed for experiments with bots and botnets. Our Botnet Evaluation Environment (BEE) is designed to enable individual bots or networks of up to thousands of bots to be tested in a secure, self-contained framework. BEE is being developed as a toolkit for Emulab-enabled network testbeds; a design choice made to obviate the need for building user/experiment management functions and to enable access to collections of computing hosts. The focus of our implementation efforts has been on building a library of OS/Bot images that can be run on individual systems or on virtual machines. The library currently includes images generated from source code of four well known bots (Agobot, GTbot, Spybot, SDbot) and from binary code for several unknown bots, and a number of Windows OS variants. BEE also includes a set of services that are required for botnets including DHCP, DynDNS, and IRC, as well as other tools that are useful for botnet measurement and evaluation such as VM monitors and honeypots. To demonstrate the utility of BEE, we describe a simple set of tests that characterizes command and control traffic from three different botnet configurations.
Mementos from Boots multisensory boxes – Qualitative evaluation of an intervention for people with dementia: Innovative practice

This qualitative study explored a multisensory (including olfactory) intervention for people with dementia. Six themed boxes (e.g. Childhood) containing items chosen from the Boots archive designed to encourage conversation were used in weekly group sessions. Session participants were people with dementia and care staff from a local care home, a trained facilitator and archivists from Boots UK. Semi-structured interviews explored participants’ experiences of the sessions. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The three major themes Engagement (subthemes: Inclusiveness; Emotional involvement; Factors that supported engagement), What’s in the box (subthemes: Contents stimulate memories; Mystery, variety and age of items; Value of olfactory stimuli), and A conversation starter (subtheme: Opportunity for self-expression) reveal the success of the intervention and the value of olfactory stimuli. Multisensory boxes including olfactory stimulation can be an engaging intervention with scope to refine it for people with dementia and their carers in the wider community.
Sanitization's slippery slope: the design and study of a text revision assistant

For privacy reasons, sensitive content may be revised before it is released. The revision often consists of redaction, that is, the "blacking out" of sensitive words and phrases. Redaction has the side effect of reducing the utility of the content, often so much that the content is no longer useful. Consequently, government agencies and others are increasingly exploring the revision of sensitive content as an alternative to redaction that preserves more content utility. We call this practice sanitization. In a sanitized document, names might be replaced with pseudonyms and sensitive attributes might be replaced with hypernyms. Sanitization adds to redaction the challenge of determining what words and phrases reduce the sensitivity of content. We have designed and developed a tool to assist users in sanitizing sensitive content. Our tool leverages the Web to automatically identify sensitive words and phrases and quickly evaluates revisions for sensitivity. The tool, however, does not identify all sensitive terms and mistakenly marks some innocuous terms as sensitive. This is unavoidable because of the difficulty of the underlying inference problem and is the main reason we have designed a sanitization assistant as opposed to a fully-automated tool. We have conducted a small study of our tool in which users sanitize biographies of celebrities to hide the celebrity's identity both both with and without our tool. The user study suggests that while the tool is very valuable in encouraging users to preserve content utility and can preserve privacy, this usefulness and apparent authoritativeness may lead to a "slippery slope" in which users neglect their own judgment in favor of the tool's.