Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Android Security Framework: Enabling Generic and Extensible Access Control on Android

We introduce the Android Security Framework (ASF), a generic, extensible security framework for Android that enables the development and integration of a wide spectrum of security models in form of code-based security modules. The design of ASF reflects lessons learned from the literature on established security frameworks (such as Linux Security Modules or the BSD MAC Framework) and intertwines them with the particular requirements and challenges from the design of Android's software stack. ASF provides a novel security API that supports authors of Android security extensions in developing their modules. This overcomes the current unsatisfactory situation to provide security solutions as separate patches to the Android software stack or to embed them into Android's mainline codebase. As a result, ASF provides different practical benefits such as a higher degree of acceptance, adaptation, and maintenance of security solutions than previously possible on Android. We present a prototypical implementation of ASF and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency by modularizing different security models from related work, such as context-aware access control, inlined reference monitoring, and type enforcement.
Structural diversity of ex vivo amyloid fibrils studied by cryo-electron microscopy.

Cryo-electron microscopy studies are presented on amyloid fibrils isolated from amyloidotic organs of two patients with different forms of hereditary non-neuropathic systemic amyloidosis, caused, respectively, by Leu60Arg apolipoprotein AI and Asp67His lysozyme. Although ex vivo amyloid fibrils were thought to be more uniform in structure than those assembled in vitro, our findings show that these fibrils are also quite variable in structure. Structural disorder and variability of the fibrils have precluded three-dimensional reconstruction, but averaged cryo-electron microscopy images suggest models for protofilament packing in the lysozyme fibrils. We conclude that ex vivo amyloid fibrils, although variable, assemble as characteristic structures according to the identity of the precursor protein.
Compatibility among Polymerase Subunit Proteins Is a Restricting Factor in Reassortment between Equine H7N7 and Human H3N2 Influenza Viruses

ABSTRACT Reassortment is an important driving force for influenza virus evolution, and a better understanding of the factors that affect this process could improve our ability to respond to future influenza pandemics and epidemics. To identify factors that restrict the generation of reassortant viruses, we cotransfected human embryonic kidney cells with plasmids for the synthesis of viral RNAs of both A/equine/Prague/1/56 (Prague; H7N7) and A/Yokohama/2017/03 (Yokohama; H3N2) viruses together with the supporting protein expression plasmids. Of the possible 256 genotypes, we identified 29 genotypes in 120 randomly plaque-picked reassortants examined. Analyses of these reassortants suggested that the formation of functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes was a restricting factor, a finding that correlated with the activities of RNP complexes composed of different combinations of the proteins from the two viruses, as measured in a minigenome assay. For at least one nonfunctional RNP complex (i.e., Prague PB2, Prague PB1, Yokohama PA, and Prague NP), the lack of activity was due to the inability of the three polymerase subunit proteins to form a heterotrimer. Adaptation of viruses possessing a gene encoding a chimera of the PA proteins of the two viruses and the remaining genes from Prague virus resulted in compensatory mutations in the PB2 and/or PA protein. These results indicate substantial incompatibility among the gene products of the two test viruses, a critical role for the RNP complex in the generation of reassortant viruses, and a functional interaction of PB2 and PA.
Correlation between the dioptric power, astigmatism and surface shape of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces

A knowledge of the shape of the cornea is of major importance for the planning and monitoring of surgery, and for the correct diagnosis of corneal diseases. Many authors have studied the geometry of the second corneal surface in the central region and it has been stated that there is a high correlation between the central radii of curvature and asphericities of the two corneal surfaces. In this work we extend this study to a larger, central, 6 mm diameter of the cornea. Surface height data, obtained with an Oculus Pentacam from 42 eyes of 21 subjects, were analysed to yield surface power vectors. Corneal heights of both surfaces were also decomposed into low‐order Zernike polynomials and the correlations between each of the power vectors and low‐order Zernike coefficients for the two surfaces were studied. There was not only a strong correlation between spherical powers and Zernike defocus coefficients, but also between the astigmatic components. The correspondence between the astigmatism in both surfaces found here can be of the utmost importance in planning optical surgery, since perfect spherical ablation of the first surface does not assure total correction of corneal astigmatism.
Analytical Model Based Evaluation of Human Machine Interfaces Using Cognitive Modeling

A predetermined area is protected from the disturbing usage of mobile terminals (e.g. cell phones) of a wireless communication system. Mode change information is sent over certain predetermined channels of a telecommunication system to change the operating mode (e.g. to deactivate) of the mobile terminal. This mode change information contains information, such as, the duration of the mode change, a reason for the mode change and information on groups of mobile terminals that will be exempted from the mode change. Additionally, the mobile terminal transmits an alarm signal to the user if the user is approaching a predetermined protected area.
Treatment plans in psychiatric community housing programs: do they reflect rehabilitation principles?

OBJECTIVE This study examined the extent to which treatment plans of service users of community housing programs measure up to rehabilitation principles according to the Choose-Get-Keep model of psychiatric rehabilitation. The study evaluates whether these plans correspond with service-user and key-worker perspectives on unmet needs for care. METHOD A representative sample of key workers and service users of 16 Dutch Regional Institutes for Residential Care (RIRCs) participated in a cross-sectional survey. Sociodemographic and clinical data and an assessment of needs for care of 240 service users were collected. In addition, we received an anonymous copy of each participant's most recent written treatment plan. First, we developed a method to measure adherence to rehabilitation principles of written treatment plans, based on the Choose-Get-Keep model of psychiatric rehabilitation. Next, treatment plans were screened on the degree of adherence, expressed in a score from 0 to 10 for overall quality, and correlated with needs for care. RESULTS RIRCs mostly seem to succeed in sufficiently integrating rehabilitation principles in their treatment plans. Adherence to rehabilitation principles was neither associated with the service-user perspective nor with the key worker perspective on needs for care. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Rehabilitation principles are rather well documented in the majority of written treatment plans, although apparently without substantial consequences for needs for care among the service users. Further research is needed to validate our method and to investigate not only the adherence to rehabilitation principles in written treatment plans, but also in the actual care provision itself.
Analysis and Improvement of the Measurement of Interpersonal Attraction and Homophily

Three decades ago measures of interpersonal attraction and homophily were introduced to the field. A substantial number of research studies have been reported that employed one or more of these measures. This research was examined to evaluate their reliability and validity. It is concluded that all of these measures are reasonably reliable and valid. However, since the reliabilities have been highly variable, it was determined that improved measures should be used in the future. Second generation, revised and improved, versions of these measures are reported and recommended for future research.
Young children's causal attributions for success and failure: ‘Self‐enhancing’ boys and ‘self‐derogating’ girls

This study examined the types of causal attributions young children make for their own success and failure at performance tasks. The results showed that young children's attributions are different from those subsumed under adult models and that there were significant sex, but not ethnic, differences in the attributional styles employed. Boys exhibited a ‘self-enhancing’ pattern of attributions, whereas girls' attributions were ‘self-derogating’.
Transcriptional profile of right ventricular tissue during acute pulmonary embolism in rats.

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States. Moderate to severe PE can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) with resultant right ventricular (RV) heart damage. The mechanisms leading to RV failure after PE are not well defined, although it is becoming clear that PH-induced inflammatory responses are involved. We previously demonstrated profound neutrophil-mediated inflammation and RV dysfunction during PE that was associated with increased expression of several chemokine genes. However, a complete assessment of transcriptional changes in RVs during PE is still lacking. We have now used DNA microarrays to assess the alterations in gene expression in RV tissue during acute PE/PH in rats. Key results were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR. Nine CC-chemokine genes (CCL-2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -9, -17, -20, -27), five CXC-chemokine genes (CXCL-1, -2, -9, -10, -16), and the receptors CCR1 and CXCR4 were upregulated after 18 h of moderate PE, while one C-chemokine (XCL-1) and one CXC-chemokine (CXCL-12) were downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated increased expression of many inflammatory genes. There was also a major shift in the expression of components of metabolic pathways, including downregulation of fatty acid transporters and oxidative enzymes, a change in glucose transporters, and upregulation of stretch-sensing and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. This pattern suggests an extensive shift in cardiac physiology favoring the expression of the "fetal gene program. "
Work meaning patterns in early career

Abstract Work meaning patterns combine dimensions such as work centrality, expressive versus economic work goals, and entitlement versus obligation societal norms into a holistic picture of the evolution over time of the meaning of work. Data from a longitudinal study in eight countries are used to establish major work meaning patterns and to study their stability during early career paths. Further, some potential determinants of these work meaning patterns are analysed and their consequences for later careers are considered. Statistical analyses include: cluster analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, analysis of covariance combined with multiple classification analysis, analysis of variance, and chi-square analysis. Five cross-national work meaning patterns are identified for machine operators in their third year in the labour market. One-third of the sample had remained in the same work meaning pattern for 2 years, while two-thirds had changed their work pattern. Respondents' age, country, prior work.
Metaphor and the Context of Use: A Multidimensional Approach

This article reports on a research project using logistical regression analysis to explain and predict the naming patterns of a set of financial or economic concepts. It presents a method seeking to describe and analyze the relationship between metaphor and context of use in the financial press. Recently, critical discourse researchers and cognitive linguists have been discussing the overwhelming recourse to metaphor in the economic domain. It has been shown that the host of interrelated metaphorical expressions may not only contribute to the cohesion of the text but also be used to support an ideological agenda. Hitherto, insight has not ventured beyond the demonstration of a connection between ideology and metaphors in financial reports. The author suggests that a comprehensive model should include all the variables that act on the creation of these metaphors. The results indicate that one may predict with a satisfying degree of accuracy how and why financial or economic concepts will be assigned names or concepts from a particular source domain.
Immunogenic Domains and Secondary Structure of Escherichia coli Recombinant Secreted Protein Escherichia coli-Secreted Protein B

Several pathogenic bacteria are able to induce the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion. The A/E lesion is caused by effector proteins, such as Escherichia coli-secreted protein B (EspB), responsible together with Escherichia coli-secreted protein D for forming a pore structure on the host cell, which allows the translocation of effector proteins. Different variants of this protein can be found in E. coli strains, and during natural infection or when this protein is injected, this leads to variant-specific production of antibodies, which may not be able to recognize other variants of this bacterial protein. Herein, we describe the production of a hybrid recombinant EspB toxin that comprises all known variants of this protein. This recombinant protein could be useful as an antigen for the production of antibodies with broad-range detection of EspB-bearing bacteria, or as an antigen that could be used in vaccine formulation to generate antibodies against different EspB variants, thereby increasing immunization potential. In addition, the recombinant protein allowed us to analyze its secondary structure, to propose the immunogenic regions of EspB variants, and also to characterize anti-EspB antibodies. Our results suggest that this hybrid protein or a protein composed of the conserved immunogenic regions could be used for a variety of clinical applications.
Modeling and control of cement grinding processes

In this study, a nonlinear dynamic model of a cement grinding process, including a ball mill and an air separator in closed loop, is developed. This gray-box model consists of a set of algebraic and partial differential equations containing a set of unknown parameters. The selection of a model parametrization, the design of experiments, the estimation of unknown parameters from experimental data, and the model validation are discussed. Based on the resulting model, a dynamic simulator can be developed, which appears as a useful tool to analyze the process behavior and to understand the origin of instabilities observed in real-life operations. As a result, a cascaded control structure for regulating the mill flow rate, and a proportional integral controller for regulating the cement fineness are designed. Experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of this control scheme. Alternatively, if on line measurements of the recirculated flow rate are available, a feedforward control of the feed flow rate is described, which ensures a better decoupling of mass flow rate and fineness regulation.
Stair-climbing and energy consumption evaluation of a leg-tracked quadruped robot

This paper proposes an energy consumption criterion to realize the locomotion mode transition of hybrid ground robots, which particularly focuses on gait and energy analysis of a leg-tracked quadruped robot. The proposed criterion uses both the internal states of the robot and the external environmental information to determine the most energy efficient locomotion mode. The criterion is proposed based on the knowledge of the energy consumption of the studied robot to negotiate stairs of varying heights in the walking locomotion mode.
Detection of line-spectrum of radiated noises from underwater target based on chaotic system

A method based on chaotic theory for detecting weak line-spectrum of radiated noises for an underwater target is studied in this paper. Firstly, the threshold of chaotic critical state under any frequency is determined by the relationship curve between the inner radius of phase contrail and amplitude of inner signals. Then the radiated noise signals to be detected for an underwater target are injected into the chaotic system which is under critical state. Lastly, the test signal is detected using frequency-inner radius diagram. The simulation result shows that the proposed method can realize the detection of weak linespectrum and is simpler and more intuitionistic than the past chaos judgement methods.
Korean women's attitudes toward pregnancy and prenatal care.

A convenience sample of 40 native-born pregnant Korean women receiving prenatal care at a U.S. military facility in a major metropolitan area in Korea completed a questionnaire about attitudes toward pregnancy and prenatal care. Responses revealed a family life characterized by positive maternal and paternal perceptions of the pregnancy and less preference for a male child than we had anticipated. Traditional beliefs in Tae Mong, a conception dream, and Tae Kyo, rituals for safe childbirth, were followed. Food taboos, including protein sources, were reported. Attitudes toward prenatal care services, care providers, and maternal health habits are described.
Candidate Gene Association Mapping of Arabidopsis Flowering Time

The pathways responsible for flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana comprise one of the best characterized genetic networks in plants. We harness this extensive molecular genetic knowledge to identify potential flowering time quantitative trait genes (QTGs) through candidate gene association mapping using 51 flowering time loci. We genotyped common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these genes in 275 A. thaliana accessions that were also phenotyped for flowering time and rosette leaf number in long and short days. Using structured association techniques, we find that haplotype-tagging SNPs in 27 flowering time genes show significant associations in various trait/environment combinations. After correction for multiple testing, between 2 and 10 genes remain significantly associated with flowering time, with CO arguably possessing the most promising associations. We also genotyped a subset of these flowering time gene SNPs in an independent recombinant inbred line population derived from the intercrossing of 19 accessions. Approximately one-third of significant polymorphisms that were associated with flowering time in the accessions and genotyped in the outbred population were replicated in both mapping populations, including SNPs at the CO, FLC, VIN3, PHYD, and GA1 loci, and coding region deletions at the FRI gene. We conservatively estimate that ∼4–14% of known flowering time genes may harbor common alleles that contribute to natural variation in this life history trait.
Classification Factored Gated Restricted Boltzmann Machine

Factored gated restricted Boltzmann machine is a generative model, which capable to extract the transformation from an image pair. We extend this model by adding discriminative component, which allows directly use this model as a classifier, instead of using the hidden unit responses as features for another learning algorithm. To evaluate the capabilities of this model, we have created a synthetically transformed image pairs and demonstrated that the model is able to determine the velocity of object presented on two consecutive images.
Emotion, Functionality and the Everyday Experience of Music: Where does music education fit?

Music education in schools cannot function effectively without an implicit agreement between stakeholders (e.g. teachers, student, parents, government etc.) about what it is for. The 'meaning of music' is a constantly shifting function of the discourses of these diverse groups, which may coalesce around a 'dominant ideology' which gains enough inter-group consensus to generate a stable educational agenda. It is argued that such a stable agenda has collapsed. Recent research suggests that (i) many school music educators have little respect for or understanding of the musical lives of those they teach; (ii) that the musical enthusiasms and aspirations of many young people are not addressed by the current curriculum; (iii) that the transition from primary to secondary school is a key 'parting-of-the-ways' between young people and their music teachers; and (iv) that music retains a key and central role in the lives of most people who see themselves as 'not musical', and that emotional self-management is at the heart of this role. Classroom music, as currently conceptualised and organised, may be an inappropriate vehicle for mass music education in 21st-century Britain. Hints of the parameters of a more effective music education environment may well be found within the somewhat anarchic mixed economy of out-of-school music provision in this country.
PROPERTIES OF THE CONTROL OF NOISY , STABLE AND CHAOTIC DYNAMICS

When strong multiplicative noise is added to a dynamical system, we find two distinct generic control regimes. In the regime of noisy stable behavior, the application of the control is able to reduce noise, only if the underlying periodicity is correctly taken into account. In the chaotic regime, a shift of the optimal control point away from the noise-free control point is observed, scaling linearly with the noise strength. The strongest control gain emerges for unstable orbits of period-1, which suggests, that natural noisy dynamical systems could preferably be controlled on this orbit.
From local consciousness to global change: asserting power at the local scale

The protests that took place at the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle, Washington, in late 1999 (and the series of similar, subsequent protests around the globe) have marked a new phase in the struggle for social justice. One approach to understanding the demonstrations is to view the activists as protesting what they perceive to be "their lack of control"- over the conditions of their economies, environments, lives and communities. In association with such protests, discontent has also been manifest through the efforts of local-scale actors to confront a `spaceless and timeless globalization' by pursuing strategies to assert power over local conditions at the local scale. Using the United States as an example, this article examines such local scale efforts in relation to international political economic changes and after-Fordist urban political restructuring. It explores three ways groups or individuals attempt to pursue local economic development within a liberal democratic capitalist system without compromising the equally important goals of justice and equity: (1) local ownership; (2) local regulation; and (3) local market development. The argument put forward in this article is that, while after-Fordist scalar restructuring represents a strategic effort by capital to gain power over and opportunity for capital accumulation, it may also present new opportunities for social justice activism at the local scale, provided local scale actors can develop and mobilize a consciousness of justice and a multi-scalar understanding of place, and can utilize the politics of scale by linking together similar projects across scalar divisions. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002.