Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of smart immersive mobile learning in language literacy education

With the fast paced improvements in smart devices such as tablets and smartphones, many schools in the developed countries are trying to improve the traditional pedagogical methods by harnessing smart learning technology for different purposes. In this paper, we proposed the use of a smart novel educational technology to immerse the students in the learning process by engaging as many of the students' senses as possible through the creation of interactive elements and entertaining features. This process is also called edutainment, combining both education and entertainment, and it works by making students learn subconsciously in an immersive manner. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how an immersive augmented reality application can work in conjunction with Arabic schoolbooks in an attempt to improve Arabic literacy for children in the UAE. The reason for this is that children in the UAE are being exposed to English most of the time and, as a consequence, gradually losing their mother tongue. A focus field-study was then conducted on two groups of Grade 1 students to get a pre-understanding in the impact of such educational technology, targeted for younger learners, in language literacy education.
Absence of Leukotriene B4 Receptor 1 Confers Resistance to Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Th2-Type Immune Responses3

Bronchial asthma is an increasingly common disorder that remains poorly understood and difficult to manage. The disease is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, chronic inflammation, and mucus overproduction. Based on the finding that leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) is expressed highly in Th2 lymphocytes, we analyzed the roles of BLT1 using an OVA-induced bronchial asthma model. BLT1-null mice did not develop airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Attenuated symptoms were accompanied by reduced IgE production, and accumulation of IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting attenuated Th2-type immune response in BLT1-null mice. Peribronchial lymph node cells of sensitized BLT1-null mice showed much attenuated proliferation and production of Th2 cytokines upon re-stimulation with Ag in vitro. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 axis is required for the development of Th2-type immune response, and blockade of LTB4 functions through BLT1 would be novel and useful in the effort to ameliorate bronchial asthma and related Th2-biased immune disorders.
Determinants of Interregional Mobility in Russia

The paper studies the determinants of internal migration in Russia. Using panel data on gross region-to-region migration flows in 1992-99, we estimate the effect of economic, political and social factors. Although overall migration is rather low, it turns out that its intensity does depend on economic factors even controlling for fixed effects for each origin-destination pair. People move from poorer and job scarce regions with worse public good provision to those which are richer and prospering better both in terms of employment prospects and public goods. Migration is, however, constrained by the lack of liquidity; for the poorest regions, an increase in income raises rather than decreases outmigration. Our estimates imply that up to a third of Russian regions are locked in poverty traps. Copyright (c) The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2004.
Studies of bilateral contracts with respect to steady-state security in a deregulated environment

Under a deregulated environment, electricity consumers and suppliers will be permitted to establish various bilateral service contracts. The transmission company however will only have to honour and execute these bilateral contracts as far as the system design and operating conditions permit. A fundamental question is to what extent the system security could affect these contracts and what kinds of system reinforcements will be required to meet the future contract needs. This paper describes a series of studies modelling the bilateral contracts by using a transaction matrix (T). The concept of the transaction matrix is to expand the conventional load flow variables such as generations (Pg) and loads (Pd) into a 2-dimensional matrix (T). Each element of T, namely t/sub ij/, corresponds to a bilateral contract between a supplier (Pg/sub i/) and consumer (Pd/sub j/). A generalized linear programming formulation is then proposed to solve various system operation and planning problems under a deregulated environment subjected to the steady-state security constraints (e.g. generation and line flow limits). Examples are presented to illustrate how to use this formulation to maximize any bilateral contract, individual generation or groups of generations; or to minimize the necessary correction needed for a proposed transaction matrix (T/sup 0/) in order to comply with the security requirements. Other studies such as the use of Monte Carlo methods to study the behaviour of random bilateral contracts are also presented and discussed.
The Role of Information in Building Reputation in an Investment/Trust Game

This article analyses the role of information in building reputation in an investment/trust game. The model allows for information asymmetry in a finitely repeated sender–receiver game and solves for sequential equilibrium to show that if there are some trustworthy managers who always disclose their private information and choose to return a fair proportion of the firm's income as dividend to the investor, then a rational manager will mimic such behaviour in an attempt to earn a reputation for being trustworthy. The rational manager will mimic with probability 1 in the early periods of the game. The investor, too, will invest with probability 1 in these periods. However, in the later periods, the rational manager will mimic with a certain probability strictly less than 1. The probability will be such that it will make the investor indifferent between investing and not investing, and he, in turn, will invest with a probability (strictly less than 1) that will make the rational manager indifferent between mimicking and not mimicking; that is, the game will begin with pure-strategy play but will switch to mixed-strategy play. There is one exception, though: when the investor's ex ante beliefs about the manager's trustworthiness are exceptionally high, the game will continue in a pure strategy, and the switch to mixed-strategy play will never occur. Identical results obtain if the manager's choice of whether to share his private information with the investor is replaced by exogenously imposed information sharing.
The Effects of Work-Family Conflict and Community Embeddedness on Employee Satisfaction: The Role of

Starting from the Social Exchange Theory, this study tested a theoretical model that examined the mediating role of Leader-Member Exchange in the relationship among two extra-work variables (Work-Family Conflict and Community Embeddedness) and Job Satisfaction. Using structural equation modeling, the relationships among the variables were explored in a sample of 561 health care workers from Italian Hospitals. Although not all the hypotheses were confirmed, findings supported that leaders can be considered an important factor in the mediation between nonwork dimension and job attitudes. Specifically, findings showed that extra-work dimension had a direct effect on the quality of relationship with a leader, which in turn influenced the employee’ job satisfaction. The implications of these findings on future research and organizational practice are discussed.
Prepayment and the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed Securities

This paper puts forward a valuation framework for mortgage-backed securities. Rather than imposing an optimal, value minimizing call condition, the authors assume that at each point in time there exists a probability of prepaying, this conditional probability depending upon the prevailing state of the economy. To implement their valuation procedure, the authors use maximum likelihood techniques to estimate a prepayment function in light of recent aggregate GNMA prepayment experience. By integrating this empirical prepayment function into their valuation framework, they provide a complete model to value mortgage-backed securities. Copyright 1989 by American Finance Association.
Empirical Modelling of Capital Structure

This article provides evidence about the determinants of capital structure in developing countries through studying non-financial Jordanian firms. We detect that capital structure choice in Jordan is influenced by similar set of factors suggested in the developed markets, namely, institutional ownership, profitability, business risk, asset tangibility, asset liquidity, market-to-book and firm size. The findings are consistent with the related studies in both developed and developing countries. In addition, we report that Jordanian firms have target capital structure ratios and that they adjust relatively quickly to their targets.
Research and Development Facilities of Multinational Enterprises in India

A noted American economic geographer collaborates with an India-based colleague to discuss the research and development (R&D) facilities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in India, which has emerged as a preferred location for corporate R&D and strategic marketing facilities in the 21st century (previously situated in the developed world). Drawing on in-depth interviews in the field with MNEs located in Bangalore during 2007 and in 2012, the authors demonstrate how the perception of India as a location of innovation has begun to change, and discuss how the country began to serve as an ideal location for market knowledge gathering activities. Pointing to implications for other developing economies, the paper concludes that India's unique combination of market assets has played an important role in enabling MNEs to upgrade their functions.
Of Hackers and Hairdressers: Modularity and the Organizational Economics of Open‐source Collaboration

Using the idea of modularity, we study the general phenomenon of open‐source collaboration, which includes such things as collective invention and open science in addition to open‐source software production. We argue that open‐source collaboration coordinates the division of labor through the exchange of effort rather than of products: suppliers of effort self‐identify in the same way as suppliers of products in a market rather than accepting assignments like employees in a firm. We suggest that open‐source software (and other) projects are neither bazaars nor cathedrals, but hybrids manifesting both voluntary production and conscious planning.
Custom total knee replacement in a dog with femoral condylar bone loss.

OBJECTIVE To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of custom total knee replacement (TKR) performed to manage a medial femoral condylar nonunion in a dog. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMAL A 3-year-old, 20 kg Karelian Bear Hound. METHODS Computed tomographic scan of the left pelvic limb was used to build a stereolithography model of the distal portion of the femur. The model was used to create a custom augment to replace the missing medial femoral condyle and a custom stem for intramedullary condylar cemented fixation. The augment and stem were adapted to femoral and tibial components already available. The model was used to rehearse the surgery and then the custom prosthesis was implanted. RESULTS Weight bearing returned 8 hours after surgery and improved thereafter. Joint alignment was normal and prosthetic joint motion was 60-165 degrees postoperatively. The dog resumed moose hunting 3 months after surgery. Peak vertical force and impulse of the operated limb measured 17 months after surgery were 65% and 47% of the normal, contralateral limb. CONCLUSION Based on short-term follow-up, cemented canine TKR was successfully achieved for management of a severely abnormal stifle joint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE With further refinement and development of commercially available prostheses, TKR should be possible for canine patients.
Indirect RKKY interaction between localized magnetic moments in armchair graphene nanoribbons

A form of indirect Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY)-like coupling between magnetic on-site impurities in armchair graphene nanoribbons is studied theoretically. The calculations are based on a tight-binding model for a finite nanoribbon system with periodic boundary conditions. A pronounced Friedel-oscillation-like dependence of the coupling magnitude on the impurity position within the nanoribbon resulting from quantum size effects is found and investigated. In particular, the distance dependence of coupling is analysed. For semiconducting nanoribbons, this dependence is exponential-like, resembling the Bloembergen–Rowland interaction. For metallic nanoribbons, interesting behaviour is found for finite length systems, in which zero-energy states make an important contribution to the interaction. In such situations, the coupling decay with distance can then be substantially slower.
Demand-side view of electricity markets

This tutorial paper discusses some aspects of electricity markets from the perspective of the demand-side. It argues that increasing the short-run price elasticity of the demand for electrical energy would improve the operation of these markets. It shows, however, that enhancing this elasticity is not an easy task. The tools that consumers and retailers of electrical energy need to participate more actively and effectively in electricity markets are discussed. The paper also describes how consumers of electricity can take part in the provision of power system security.
Gender and industry differences in employment cyclicality: evidence over the postwar period

This paper explains how cyclical patterns of employment vary between genders and across industries and how these two factors are related by gender differences in the industry distribution of workers. Evidence shows that men's employment is more procyclical than women's and that men's overrepresentation in highly volatile industries more than accounts for the gender gap in employment cyclicality. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.
Basic Exchange Rate Theories

This four-chapter overview of basic exchange rate theories discusses (i) the elasticity and absorption approach, (ii) the (long-run) implications of the monetary approach, (iii) the short-run effects of monetary and fiscal policy under various economic conditions, and (iv) the transition from short-run to long-run in a sticky-price model with rational expectations. We provide ample anecdotal, historical, and heuristic information on the goodness-of-fit of the various exchange rate models based on simple graphs, statistics, and tests. Details are provided in technical notes.
Computational model for the steady-state elasto-hydrodynamic interaction in wafer slicing process using wiresaw

A computational model for analysing the steady state elasto hydrodynamic (EHD) interaction in the wiresaw slicing process is presented in this paper. In this model, the coupling of the steady state motion of the translating wire and the hydrodynamic behaviour of the abrasive carrying slurry is studied. A numerical scheme incorporating the finite element method (FEM) and Inexact Newton-GMRES method is employed to solve the governing equations. By applying this method, better computational efficiency can be achieved than by using the typical Newton-Raphson method. Therefore, extensive parametric studies are made possible. Results from the parametric studies indicate that the noncontact floating machining mechanism dominates the wafer slicing process using the wiresaw. Direct contact machining, however, also may occur when the contact span between the wire and the ingot is short, coupled with the lack of slurry. Simulation results also show that too large a bow angle of the wire may cause the breakdown of proper EHD condition, resulting in the ductile ploughing of abrasive particles on the ingot surface. This computational model can provide insights into the mechanism of the wiresaw slicing process, and suggest process control methods to facilitate industrial wafer slicing process using slurry wiresaws.
The Relevance of Accounting Data in the Measurement of Credit Risk

Abstract Option pricing theory provides a robust and theoretically sound framework for the measurement of credit risk. Assuming perfect market conditions, information relevant to the measurement of a firm’s credit risk is reflected in its equity price, with no role for accounting data. This hypothesis is tested using UK data and credit ratings as a proxy for credit risk. It is found that Merton’s distance-to-default measure is the most significant variable in the measurement of credit risk. However, it is also found that accounting variables are incrementally informative when added to a model that contains only the distance-to-default measure. The incremental informativeness of accounting data varies across industries and depends on firm size. Although it is found that the general level of credit risk depends on the state of the economy, there is no evidence to suggest that the incremental informativeness of the accounting variables depends upon macroeconomic conditions.
How “Parasites” Serve their Host: A Graphical Analysis of “Scalping”

Scalpers, as market specialists, may improve ticket-producing firms’ revenues, and the ticket market, when scalpers are relatively limited in number. Thus, both scalpers and firms may have a joint interest in public “scalper regulation” that enhances joint market power. Other market participants may also benefit from a more orderly market.
Structural insight into the complex formation of latent matrix metalloproteinase 2 with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of multidomain enzymes involved in the physiological degradation of connective tissue, as well as in pathological states such as tumor invasion and arthritis. Apart from transcriptional regulation, MMPs are controlled by proenzyme activation and a class of specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that bind to the catalytic site. TIMP-2 is a potent inhibitor of MMPs, but it has also been implicated in a unique cell surface activation mechanism of latent MMP-2/gelatinase A/type IV collagenase (proMMP-2), through its binding to the hemopexin domain of proMMP-2 on the one hand and to a membrane-type MMP activator on the other. The present crystal structure of the human proMMP-2/TIMP-2 complex reveals an interaction between the hemopexin domain of proMMP-2 and the C-terminal domain of TIMP-2, leaving the catalytic site of MMP-2 and the inhibitory site of TIMP-2 distant and spatially isolated. The interfacial contact of these two proteins is characterized by two distinct binding regions composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. This unique structure provides information for how specificity for noninhibitory MMP/TIMP complex formation is achieved.
Diversity Policies in Public and Private Sector Organizations

This article centers on a comparison of diversity policies in Dutch public and private sector organizations and their effectiveness in improving ethnic minority representation. Data have been obtained from 8,283 annual reports of Dutch organizations in 2001 and 2002. Three types of diversity policies are analyzed: (a) policies designed to analyze ethnic minority representation, (b) policies designed to improve the influx of ethnic minorities in organizations, and (c) policies designed to improve the management of a diverse workforce in organizations. Results show that public sector organizations report more diversity policies and different types of diversity policies than do private sector organizations. In terms of effectiveness, only policies designed to improve the management of a diverse workforce seem to affect the representation of ethnic minorities in organizations in the short term. No sectoral differences in the effectiveness of various policy types were found.
Caspase Cleaved BID Targets Mitochondria and Is Required for Cytochrome c Release, while BCL-XL Prevents This Release but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-R1/Fas Death*

“BH3 domain only” members of the BCL-2 family including the pro-apoptotic molecule BID represent candidates to connect with proximal signal transduction. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment induced a caspase-mediated cleavage of cytosolic, inactive p22 BID at internal Asp sites to yield a major p15 and minor p13 and p11 fragments. p15 BID translocates to mitochondria as an integral membrane protein. p15 BID within cytosol targeted normal mitochondria and released cytochrome c. Immunodepletion of p15 BID prevents cytochrome c release. In vivo, anti-Fas Ab results in the appearance of p15 BID in the cytosol of hepatocytes which translocates to mitochondria where it releases cytochrome c. Addition of activated caspase-8 to normal cytosol generates p15 BID which is also required in this system for release of cytochrome c. In the presence of BCL-XL/BCL-2, TNFα still induced BID cleavage and p15 BID became an integral mitochondrial membrane protein. However, BCL-XL/BCL-2 prevented the release of cytochromec, yet other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction still transpired and cells died nonetheless. Thus, while BID appears to be required for the release of cytochrome c in the TNF death pathway, the release of cytochrome c may not be required for cell death.
The New Textualism

An analytical conundrum besets a court's interpretation of a statute: The statute's text is the most important consideration in statutory interpretation, and a clear text ought to be given effect. Yet the meaning of a text critically depends upon its surrounding context. Sometimes that context will suggest a meaning at war with the apparent acontextual meaning suggested by the statute's language. How should the judge proceed? Is contextual evidence even admissible in such cases? How can it be excluded? The Supreme Court's traditional resolution of this conundrum has been to consider virtually any contextual evidence, especially the statute's legislative history, even when the statutory text has an apparent "plain meaning. " This traditional approach has been challenged by a few commentators and, now, from within the Court itself. Consider the case of Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Cardoza-Fonseca. ' Luz Marina Cardoza-Fonseca, a citizen of Nicaragua, entered the United States in 1979. She had fled Nicaragua with her brother, after he had been imprisoned and tortured by the Sandinista government. The Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) subsequently initiated deportation proceedings to return her to her country, and she sought refuge through two provisions of the Immigration & Nationality Act of 1952. Section 243(h) of the 1952 Act requires that the Attorney General withhold deportation of an alien who demonstrates, through specified factors, that her "life or free-
Strategic Capabilities, Innovation Intensity, and Performance of Service Firms

This study developed and empirically tested a model examining the relationships among strategic capabilities, innova-tion intensity, and firm performance. Strategic capabilities include internal venturing capability and social relation-ship capability. Analyzing a sample of service firms from Taiwan, the study indicates that social relationships with other firms are important to facilitate innovative activities of service firms. Innovation intensity further helps service firms to improve a firm’s expected performance. However, internal resources capability does not show the expected effect on innovation intensity. And innovation intensity is also not related to a firm’s growth.