Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The research of underwater target recognition method based on deep learning

The deep learning is a popular research direction in machine learning field now. In this paper, the deep learning algorithms are used to recognize the underwater target radiated noises. The deep belief network (DBN) model and the stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) model are built respectively. Then the underwater acoustic simulated data of different types of targets as well as different states of one target and experimental data of different states of one target were recognized by these models, and the support vector machine (SVM), general regression neural network (GRNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are selected as the comparison algorithms. The spectrum features extracted from the target radiated noises are used as the input data of the recognition models. The results show that the recognition accuracy of DBN and that of SDAE are all higher than that of the other three methods for all situations, which shows that the deep learning algorithms can effectively improve the underwater target recognition effect.
A Method to Detect Partially Occluded Humans in Still Images

This paper describes a general method to detect humans when the person is under partial occlusion in still images. The random subspace method (RSM) is chosen for building a classifier ensemble robust against partial occlusions. In this proposed method which does not require manual labelling of body parts, defining any semantic spatial components, or using additional data coming from motion or stereo. Moreover, the method can be easily extended to other object classes. The experiments are performed on three large datasets: the INRIA person dataset, the Daimler Multicue dataset, and a new challenging dataset, called PobleSec, in which a considerable number of targets are partially occluded. The experimental results show that our detector outperforms state-ofthe-art approaches in the presence of partial occlusions, while offering performance and reliability similar to those of the holistic approach on nonoccluded data. The datasets used in our experiments have been made publicly available for benchmarking.
Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)

This document specifies an IPv4-to-IPv6 transition mechanism, in addition to those already specified in [TRANS]. This solution attempts to provide transparent routing, as defined in [NAT-TERM], to end-nodes in V6 realm trying to communicate with end-nodes in V4 realm and vice versa. This is achieved using a combination of Network Address Translation and Protocol Translation. The scheme described does not mandate dual-stacks (i.e., IPv4 as well as V6 protocol support) or special purpose routing requirements (such as requiring tunneling support) on end nodes. This scheme is based on a combination of address translation theme as described in [NAT-TERM] and V6/V4 protocol translation theme as described in [SIIT].
Interactions of Penicillium marneffeiwith Human Leukocytes In Vitro

ABSTRACT Penicillium marneffei, a dimorphic fungus endemic in parts of Asia, causes disease in those with impaired cell-mediated immunity, especially persons with AIDS. The histopathology of penicilliosis marneffei features the intracellular infection of macrophages. We studied the interactions between human leukocytes and heat-killed yeast-phase P. marneffei. Monocyte-derived macrophages bound and internalized P. marneffei in the presence of complement-sufficient pooled human serum (PHS). Binding and phagocytosis were still seen if PHS was heat inactivated or omitted altogether. The binding of unopsonized P. marneffei to monocyte-derived macrophages occurred in the absence of divalent cations and was not affected by inhibitors of mannose and β-glucan receptors or monoclonal antibodies directed against CD14 and CD11/CD18. Binding was profoundly inhibited by wheat germ agglutinin. A vigorous respiratory burst was seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P. marneffei, regardless of whether the fungi were opsonized. However, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release from PBMC stimulated with P. marneffei occurred only if serum was present. These data demonstrate that (i) monocyte-derived macrophages bind and phagocytose P. marneffei even in the absence of opsonization, (ii) binding is divalent cation independent but is inhibited by wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that the major receptor(s) recognizing P. marneffei is a glycoprotein with exposedN-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyl groups, (iii)P. marneffei stimulates the respiratory burst regardless of whether opsonins are present, and (iv) serum factors are required forP. marneffei to stimulate TNF-α release. The ability of unopsonized P. marneffei to parasitize mononuclear phagocytes without stimulating the production of TNF-α may be critical for the virulence of this intracellular parasite.
Sorting out the inherited neuropathies.

The inherited neuropathies are a large heterogeneous group which can be divided into those where the neuropathy is the sole or primary part of the disease, and those where it is part of a more widespread neurological or multisystem disorder (table 1). Here I will concentrate on the former group, especially Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and related disorders, with a particular emphasis on the diagnostic approach from a practising clinician’s perspective. View this table: Table 1 Classification of the inherited neuropathies Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is not so much a single disease as a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies, but for simplicity all types of CMT will just be referred to as CMT throughout this review. They are relatively common with an overall prevalence of 1 in 2500.1 CMT is also referred to as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) but CMT is the preferred term. CMT is characterised clinically by distal muscle wasting and weakness, reduced tendon reflexes, impaired distal sensation and variable foot deformity, and neurophysiologically by a motor and sensory neuropathy. There is a wide variation in the age of onset and severity, depending to a large extent on the underlying genetic defect. Traditional clinical classifications differentiate between: However, recent genetic findings have shown that certain forms of CMT and HSAN are very difficult to distinguish clinically despite being caused by mutations in different genes, and certain recently described genes for axonal CMT also cause forms of dHMN—that is, the same phenotype can be caused by different genes, and the same gene can cause different phenotypes. As there have now been more than 30 causative genes described …
Optische Nachrichtentechnik : eine Einführung

Aus den Besprechungen: . ". Das Werk ist die erste geschlossene deutschsprachige Darstellung des Themas auf dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik. Durch das sehr umfangreiche Literaturverzeichnis ist das Buch in besonderem Masse geeignet, das in den einzelnen Kapiteln erworbene Grundwissen zu vertiefen. Die moderne Konzeption des Buches und sein gelungener didaktischer Aufbau machen es zu einem wertvollen Arbeitsmittel fur alle an diesem Gebiet interessierten Leser. Besonders wervoll ist, dass prinzipielle physikalische Zusammenhange und Grenzen und darauf aufbauend AVchnische Gesichtspunkte, die auch noch in absehbarer Zukunft Gultigkeit haben werden, betont werden. Das Buch vermittelt einerseits Grundlagen fur den technischen Entwurf optischer Nachrichtensysteme und gibt andererseits dem Fachmann Hinweise auf Spezialprobleme und zu erwartende odAB notwendige Weiterentwicklungen. " #"Elektronische Informationverarbeitung und Kybe"Ac"etik"
"Verwindung": Nihilism and the Postmodern in Philosophy

Verwindung ("overcoming") is a word that Heidegger uses rather rarely; it appears in one passage in Holzwege,' in an essay in Vortrdge und Aufs itze,2 and, above all, in the first essay of Identitat und Differenz.3 With it Heidegger seeks to designate something similar to yet distinct from Uberwindung ("going beyond") in that Verwindung contains no notion of dialectical sublimation (Aufhebung) nor of a "leaving behind" which characterizes the connection we have with a past that no longer has anything to say to us. I believe that if one reflects on what the term "postmodern" may signify in philosophy (and I do not wish to limit myself merely to pointing out a series of analogies, though quite consistent and noteworthy, between particular philosophical tendencies today and what we call postmodernism in literature and in the arts), one ends up encountering this term.
Mechanism of translation of monocistronic and multicistronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mRNAs

We have used a panel of cDNA clones expressing wild-type and mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNAs to study translation of these mRNAs in eucaryotic cells. The tat open reading frame (ORF) has a strong signal for translation initiation, while rev and vpu ORFs have weaker signals. The expression of downstream ORFs is inhibited in mRNAs that contain the tat ORF as the first ORF. In contrast, downstream ORFs are expressed efficiently from mRNAs that have rev or vpu as the first ORF. All env mRNAs contain the upstream vpu ORF. Expression of HIV-1 Env protein requires a weak vpu AUG, which allows leaky scanning to occur, thereby allowing ribosomes access to the downstream env ORF. We concluded that HIV-1 mRNAs are translated by the scanning mechanism and that expression of more than one protein from each mRNA was caused by leaky scanning at the first AUG of the mRNA.
A robust optimization approach to postdisaster relief logistics planning under uncertainties

A stochastic model with bi-objective for post disaster relief logistics is proposed to decide the strategic planning on the mobilization levels of relief supplies, the initial deployment of vehicles and the transportation plans within the disaster region in a uncertain disaster environment. The robust optimization approach is introduced to cope with uncertainties and the robust counterpart of the proposed stochastic model is deduced. A lexicographic approach is utilized to convert the bi-objective robust model into two sequential single objective robust models. Numerical experiments show that the model can help post-disaster managers to determine the initial deployment of emergency resources, and the numerical results can express the tradeoff between optimization and robustness.
A polyketide synthase gene required for biosynthesis of fumonisin mycotoxins in Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A.

Fumonisins are toxins associated with several mycotoxicoses and are produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (MP-A). Biochemical analyses indicate that fumonisins are a product of either polyketide or fatty acid biosynthesis. To isolate a putative polyketide synthase (PKS) gene involved in fumonisin biosynthesis, we employed PCR with degenerate PKS primers and a cDNA template prepared from a fumonisin-producing culture of G. fujikuroi. Sequence analysis of the single PCR product and its flanking DNA revealed a gene (FUM5) with a 7.8-kb coding region. The predicted FUM5 translation product was highly similar to bacterial and fungal Type I PKSs. Transformation of a cosmid clone carrying FUM5 into G. fujikuroi enhanced production in three strains and restored wild-type production in a fumonisin nonproducing mutant. Disruption of FUM5 reduced fumonisin production by over 99% in G. fujikuroi MP-A. Together, these results indicate that FUM5 is a PKS gene required for fumonisin biosynthesis.
Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution

The construct of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has evolved over the past 10 years since the publication of the new MCI definition at the Key Symposium in 2003, but the core criteria have remained unchanged. The construct has been extensively used worldwide, both in clinical and in research settings, to define the grey area between intact cognitive functioning and clinical dementia. A rich set of data regarding occurrence, risk factors and progression of MCI has been generated. Discrepancies between studies can be mostly explained by differences in the operationalization of the criteria, differences in the setting where the criteria have been applied, selection of subjects and length of follow‐up in longitudinal studies. Major controversial issues that remain to be further explored are algorithmic versus clinical classification, reliability of clinical judgment, temporal changes in cognitive performances and predictivity of putative biomarkers. Some suggestions to further develop the MCI construct include the tailoring of the clinical criteria to specific populations and to specific contexts. The addition of biomarkers to the clinical phenotypes is promising but requires deeper investigation. Translation of findings from the specialty clinic to the population setting, although challenging, will enhance uniformity of outcomes. More longitudinal population‐based studies on cognitive ageing and MCI need to be performed to clarify all these issues.
A Survey and Analysis of Various Health-Related Knowledge Mining Techniques in Social Media

Smart extraction of knowledge from social media has received the recent interest of the Biomedical and Health Informatics community for the simultaneous improvement of healthcare outcomes and lessen the expenses making use of consumer-generated reviews. Social media provides chances for patients and doctors to share their views and experiences without any obtrusion through online communities that might generate information, which is much beyond what is known by the domain experts. Nonetheless, for conventional public health surveillance systems, it is difficult to detect and then monitor the concerns related to health and the changes seen in attitudes of the public towards health-related problems. To solve this problem, several studies have shown the usage of information in social media for the discovery of biomedical and health-related information. Several disease-specific knowledge exchanges are now available on Face book and other portals of online social networking. These kind of new sources of information, support, and engagement have gone to become significant for patients who are suffering with the disease, and still the quality and the content of the knowledge contributed in these digital areas are not properly comprehended. The existing research methodologies are
Accuracy of automated auscultatory blood pressure measurement during supine exercise and treadmill stress electrocardiogram-testing

ObjectivesMonitoring of brachial blood pressure during exercise-electrocardiogram (ECG) testing is mandatory and changes in blood pressure (BP) can provide critical management evidence. Patient movement, mechanical vibration, artifactual sounds and observer variability make standard manual techniques problematic. This was an investigator-initiated study to assess an automated auscultatory technique of BP assessment [Tango exercise blood pressure monitor (SunTech Medical Instruments, NC, USA)] to adequately measure BP during stress-ECG testing. MethodsInitially five fit young male volunteers underwent invasive right brachial artery BP recording using a low-compliance fluid-filled catheter with simultaneous manual and automated assessment. Secondarily, during exercise-ECG testing, the system was assessed against beat-to-beat brachial blood pressures obtained from a catheter-tip solid-state pressure manometer positioned in the ipsilateral brachial artery. ResultsIn the supine study overall mean difference (±SEM) between invasive and manual blood pressures was 3.26 (1.53) and 3.89 (1.90) mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) respectively. Corresponding differences between invasive and automated results, and manual and automated were 3.68 (0.84) and −7.31 (1.83) mmHg, and −0.64 (±1.43) and −11.42 (±1.59) mmHg. During treadmill exercise-ECG testing the combined mean difference (±SEM) between invasive and automated SBP and DBP was 4.79 (±0.14) and 6.33 (±0.10) mmHg, respectively. ConclusionAutomated BP assessment during exercise-ECG testing is feasible with the use of appropriate automatic devices likely to be at least as accurate as manual BP registration. The Tango device is tolerant to exercise and provides reliable automatic BP assessment with absolute differences within an acceptable clinical range.
Altered Protein Composition and Gene Expression in Strabismic Human Extraocular Muscles and Tendons

Purpose To determine whether structural protein composition and expression of key regulatory genes are altered in strabismic human extraocular muscles. Methods Samples from strabismic horizontal extraocular muscles were obtained during strabismus surgery and compared with normal muscles from organ donors. We used proteomics, standard and customized PCR arrays, and microarrays to identify changes in major structural proteins and changes in gene expression. We focused on muscle and connective tissue and its control by enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines. Results Strabismic muscles showed downregulation of myosins, tropomyosins, troponins, and titin. Expression of collagens and regulators of collagen synthesis and degradation, the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and its inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 and TIMP2, was upregulated, along with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptors, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as proteoglycans. Growth factors controlling extracellular matrix (ECM) were also upregulated. Among 410 signaling genes examined by PCR arrays, molecules with downregulation in the strabismic phenotype included GDNF, NRG1, and PAX7; CTGF, CXCR4, NPY1R, TNF, NTRK1, and NTRK2 were upregulated. Signaling molecules known to control extraocular muscle plasticity were predominantly expressed in the tendon rather than the muscle component. The two horizontal muscles, medial and lateral rectus, displayed similar changes in protein and gene expression, and no obvious effect of age. Conclusions Quantification of proteins and gene expression showed significant differences in the composition of extraocular muscles of strabismic patients with respect to important motor proteins, elements of the ECM, and connective tissue. Therefore, our study supports the emerging view that the molecular composition of strabismic muscles is substantially altered.
A wide-band time-interleaved A/D converter for cognitive radio application with adaptive offset correction

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are critical components of electronic circuits and represent a main bottleneck for realizing high-speed telecommunication systems. Cognitive Radio is one of the paradigms for wireless communication requiring wide-band ADCs. Time-Interleaved ADC (TI-ADC) is an effective candidate for implementation of wide-band receivers. The performance of TI-ADC is practically limited by errors due to mismatches occurring between channels, leading to a considerable degradation in overall resolution. In this paper, a blind adaptive method is proposed to correct offset errors in TI-ADC. The proposed method is verified through applying to a two-channel TI-ADC. Here, Least-Mean-Squares (LMS) algorithm has been exploited to adaptively estimate and correct offset error. Proposed method is structurally very simple and hence suitable for implementation on integrated circuits. This algorithm not only is computationally efficient but also shows an improvement of 28dB in the performance of a two-channel TI-ADC.
Knowledge based fingerprint image enhancement

Fingerprint enhancement is a critical step in fingerprint identification. Most of the existing enhancement algorithms are based on local ridge direction. The main drawback of these methods lies in the fact that false estimate of local ridge direction will lead to poor enhancement. But the estimate of local ridge directions is unreliable in the areas corrupted by noise where enhancement is most needed. In this paper, we proposed a rule-based method to do fingerprint enhancement. We introduced human knowledge about fingerprints into the enhancement process in the form of rules and simulate what an expert will do to enhance a fingerprint image. In our method, the skeleton image is used to give ridge connection information for the enhancement of the binary image. Experiments show our algorithm is fast and has excellent performance.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Herbicides for Weed Management and Yield Attributes in Wheat

Weed competes with crops for water, nutrients and light so weed infestation is one of the major threats to crop. Present investigation was aimed to asses the comparative efficacy of different herbicides for weed management in wheat crop under agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with five replications. Different herbicides were used for weed management in wheat crop. The post emergence application of herbicides included Aim 40 DF @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha-1, Agritop 500 GL-1 @ 0.43 kg a.i. ha-1, Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1, Puma super 75 EW @ 0.75 kg, Topik 15 WP @ 0.04 kg and Buctril super 60 EC @ 0.45 kg. For comparison hand weeding and weedy check were also included. In each replication six treatments of these six herbicides were kept. The significantly affected parameters were fresh weed biomass (kg·ha-1), thousand grain weight (g), number of tillers m-2, weed control efficiency (%) and grain yield (kg·ha-1). Statistical analysis showed that maximum weed efficiency (84%) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP whereas minimum value (37%) was for Aim 40 DF. Similarly maximum number of tillers m-2 (250) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP and minimum (133) in weedy check. The herbicide Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 was applied at post emergence performed well and exhibited effectively weed control and better yield in wheat.
A V-band 65 nm CMOS low DC power low phase noise PLL using divide-by-three injection-locked frequency divider

A K-band 65 nm CMOS low dc power low phase noise phase-locked loop (PLL) using divide-by-three injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented in this paper. Based on the injection-locked technique for the first stage of the frequency divider chain, the proposed PLL can be operated up to K-band with low dc power consumption. The ILFD features high division, high speed, and low power. With a total dc power consumption of 43.4 mW, the proposed PLL demonstrates a phase noise of -83.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, a reference spur suppression of -66 dBc, and a maximum operation frequency of up to 58.9 GHz. This work can be compared to the reported advanced K-band CMOS PLLs and suitable for the local oscillator chain of the millimeter-wave frontends.
Diagrams: Socrates and Meno's slave

L'A. , par l'analyse du passage entre Socrate et l'esclave dans «Le Menon», soutient que l'utilisation de diagrammes dans une explication est plus qu'une simple visualisation empirique, ce qui lui permet de rappeler l'existence d'une pensee a priorique en mathematiques