Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The first mitochondrial genome of Coelomactra antiquata (Mollusca: Veneroida: Mactridae) from Guangxi (China) and potential molecular markers

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Coelomactra antiquata (Guangxi, in China, GX) was determined. It is 16 801 bp in length and is the first representative from this province. The mitochondrial genome encodes 35 genes, including 12 PCGs, two ribosomal RNA, and 21 transfer RNA genes. Atp8 and trnSer(UCN) genes are missing, compared with the typical gene content of animal mitochondrial genomes. Three (cob, nad1, nad4, and nad6) of the 12 PCGs in the mitochondrial genome initiate with the ATA, while other PCGs start with ATG. Two PCGs (atp6 and nad4L) end with incomplete stop codons (T–), and the remaining ones have complete stop codons (TAA or TAG). The largest non-coding region of the C. antiquata (GX) contains one section of tandem repeats (5 × 99 bp). Among all PCGs and rRNAs, the nad5 gene contains the maximum polymorphic sites (430), followed by nad4 (261) and cox2 (240). Two ribosomal RNA genes (srRNA and lrRNA) and cox1 are most conservative. The proportions of polymorphic sites in six genes (nad4, nad2, nad6, nad5, cox2, and nad3) are more than 20% (ranging from 20.25% to 25.21%). These high variable genes can be used as molecular markers in the population genetic analysis of the species.
Dimethyl 2-nitroterephthalate

In the molecule of the title compound, C10H9NO6, the two ester groups and the nitro group are inclined at 9.2 (2), 123.3 (6) and 135.2 (5)°, respectively to the mean plane of the benzene ring. In the crystal structure, molecules are stacked along the a axis, without any π–π interactions. The stacked columns are linked together by non-classical intermolecular interactions of the type C—H⋯O.
Simulation of Robot Manipulator Trajectory Optimization Design

ABSTRACT: Most of the trajectory planning based on robot dynamics and kinematics start from the joint space, can not guarantee the robot end track corresponding relationship. To solve the above problem, the method of trajectory planning is proposed and the optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization trajectory. Taking the SCARA robot as an example, the trajectory of the end trajectory is preset, the first trajectory is planned by combining the first order acceleration planning and the arc transition. Then, the target model is optimized for the average power and the movement time. Finally, a non-dominated sorting algorithm is introduced to optimize the trajectory to obtain the best performance trajectory. The simulation results show that the optimized trajectory has a certain amount of time-consuming increase compared with the traditional trajectory of SCARA robot, but its energy consumption is obviously reduced, and the overall optimization result is obvious.
Association between AKT1 but not AKTIP genetic variants and increased risk for suicidal behavior in bipolar patients

We tested the hypothesis that the presence of AKT1 and AKTIP polymorphisms, target genes that encode key proteins in the signaling of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, is associated with suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. The subjects were 273 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder I or II (age = 41.4 ± 12.9). TaqMan single‐nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays (AKT1: rs2494731, rs3803304, rs3730358, rs10149779, rs2494746, rs1130214 and rs249878; AKTIP: rs9302648 and rs7189819) were used. We found that the AKT1 marker showed an association with suicide attempts (rs1130214, P < 0.05) and attempted violent attacks (rs2494746, P < 0.05). One out of the seven tested markers of AKT1 attained significant genotype association with violent attempt (rs2494731; P < 0.05). A significant association was detected in the AKT1 haplotype test. We did not observe an association between suicidal behavior and AKTIP variants and also did not find an interaction between AKTIP and AKT1 polymorphisms. In addition, we found that demographic and clinical data are associated with lifetime history of suicide attempts. Our data suggest that demographic and clinical characteristics and AKT1 single markers and haplotypes, but not AKTIP polymorphisms or interactions between AKT1 and AKTIP, are associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior in bipolar patients.
A novel diagnostic method for single power switch open-circuit faults in voltage-fed PWM motor drives

Nowadays, variable speed AC drives have become a standard in many industrial applications. Hence, due to the widespread adoption of advanced power control devices, fault diagnosis of power converters, in particular the voltage source inverter in variable speed AC drives, is becoming more and more important. Although there are different fault types that may occur in these converters, in this paper, only single power switch open-circuit failures are considered in a vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. A new real-time algorithm that allows the detection and localization of the faulty device using just the motor phase currents is proposed. Several results under different operating conditions are presented, proving the method effectiveness, low detection time and robustness against false alarms.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FRACTAIS DOS CONTORNOS DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS E DOS PERÍMETROS A ELES ASSOCIADOS: UMA ANÁLISE INVERSA RELATIVA ÀS IMPLICAÇÕES DIMENSIONAIS SOBRE OS DESCRITORES MORFOMÉTRICOS DE COMPACIDADE

Neste artigo, uma analise dos mecanismos de obtencao dos descritores morfometricos e inicialmente procedida. Posteriormente, consideracoes relativas as caracteristicas fractais dos contornos das bacias e dos perimetros a eles associados, sao levadas a efeito. Por incorporarem grandezas geometricas em suas definicoes, fica evidenciada a necessidade de uma reavaliacao relativa, tanto a qualidade, como a efetividade dos descritores morfometricos, tendo em vista que os mesmos sao habitualmente computados por meio de ferramentas da geometria euclidiana. Para tanto, a tecnica denominada Tecnica da Caminhada sobre o Contorno, e adotada para a determinacao das dimensoes fractais, D f , dos contornos das bacias hidrograficas. Subsequentemente, essa tecnica e explorada de maneira a obterem-se as dimensoes fractais dos contornos de treze bacias e seis sub-bacias hidrograficas de diferentes caracteristicas. Finalmente, dentro de procedimentos de analise inversa, as informacoes assim obtidas sao utilizadas com vistas a determinacao de contornos regularizados para essas bacias hidrograficas e de valores dos perimetros a eles associados, objetivando a reavaliacao dos descritores de compacidade. Ao final, conclui-se que o modelo adotado conduz a reducoes drasticas no numero de pontos que constituem os novos contornos, com modificacoes insignificantes nas magnitudes das areas ou descaracterizacoes das formas primitivas. Verificaram-se, ainda, reducoes significativas nos Indices de Compacidade, k C , e consequentes aumentos das Razoes de Circularidade, R C , parâmetros fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de analises morfometricas associadas as bacias hidrograficas, especialmente em atividades de avaliacao de riscos de natureza hidrologica.
Nutritional impact of supplementation in the INCAP longitudinal study: analytic strategies and inferences.

From 1969 to 1977 a supplementation trial was conducted in Guatemala to ascertain the effects on physical and behavioral outcomes of improved nutrition in pregnant women and in preschool children. This paper reviews different strategies to analyze the effect of the intervention on physical growth. One strategy compares outcomes in two villages that were randomly allocated to receive Atole, a supplement containing high amounts of protein and energy, with values in two other villages that received Fresco, a beverage containing no protein and little energy. Both supplements contained micronutrients. This comparison of village means gives a probability significance statement (P < 0.005) that the difference in growth was because of the supplement intervention, although it does not specify the aspect of the intervention that caused the effect. Complementary strategies increase the credibility that the effect of the supplement was nutritional. Thus, analysis of the dose response with increasing supplement intake within the villages excludes the possibility that the above findings were the result of knowing which villages received which supplement (i.e., measuring biases). A greater effect in those most likely to respond nutritionally also increases the credibility that the mechanism was nutritional. In studying other behavioral and biomedical impacts of this supplementation intervention, analyses for credibility should always be included.
Participant responses to virtual agents in immersive virtual environments

This thesis is concerned with interaction between people and virtual humans in the context of highly immersive virtual environments (VEs). Empirical studies have shown that virtual humans (agents) with even minimal behavioural capabilities can have a significant emotional impact on participants of immersive virtual environments (IVEs) to the extent that these have been used in studies of mental health issues such as social phobia and paranoia. This thesis focuses on understanding the impact on the responses of people to the behaviour of virtual humans rather than their visual appearance. There are three main research questions addressed. First, the thesis considers what are the key nonverbal behavioural cues used to portray a specific psychological state. Second, research determines the extent to which the underlying state of a virtual human is recognisable through the display of a key set of cues inferred from the behaviour of real humans. Finally, the degree to which a perceived psychological state in a virtual human invokes responses from participants in immersive virtual environments that are similar to those observed in the physical world is considered. These research questions were investigated through four experiments. The first experiment focused on the impact of visual fidelity and behavioural complexity on participant responses by implementing a model of gaze behaviour in virtual humans. The results of the study concluded that participants expected more life-like behaviours from more visually realistic virtual humans. The second experiment investigated the detrimental effects on participant responses when interacting with virtual humans with low behavioural complexity. The third experiment investigated the differences in responses of participants to virtual humans perceived to be in varying emotional states. The emotional states of the virtual humans were portrayed using postural and facial cues. Results indicated that posture does play an important role in the portrayal of affect however the behavioural model used in the study did not fully cover the qualities of body movement associated with the emotions studied. The final experiment focused on the portrayal of affect through the quality of body movement such as the speed of gestures. The effectiveness of the virtual humans was gauged through exploring a variety of participant responses including subjective responses, objective physiological and behavioural measures. The results show that participants are affected and respond to virtual humans in a significant manner provided that an appropriate behavioural model is used.
Accurate and rapid quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MR imaging using spoiled gradient‐recalled echoes and bookend T1 measurements

A method is presented that converts dynamic T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐recalled echo (SGRE) image intensities into estimates of T1 without the errors associated with imperfections in the slice profile and transmitter coil magnetic field (B1). The method involves T1 measurements performed before and after a series of dynamic SGRE images. These measurements serve to calibrate and correct the SGRE signal strength equation used to estimate T1. Simulations and phantom experiments were performed to test the method for slice‐selective (two‐dimensional) and slab‐selective (three‐dimensional) imaging, as well as for imaging performed with optimized and un‐optimized B1. For nearly all test conditions, T1 was estimated accurately (within 10%) over a range of T1 values expected in vivo (∼1200 → 300 msec). This method should be useful for quantifying dynamic SGRE imaging for many different applications including breast MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 42:746–753, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Appropriation by adornments: personalization makes the everyday life more pleasant

This paper describes the importance of adornments in the process of appropriation. When a product, place or space is singularized, it is made personal by marking or labeling it with visible or invisible signs. These visible signs are often adornments, but the invisible signs are in the mind of the owners. With these adornments people mark their pleasurable and significant products, places and spaces. The significance of an object can be experienced regardless of the value of the material. The pleasurable experiences related to the products, or pleasurable experiences in the places, make them important.
Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) magnetic reconnection challenge

The Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Reconnection Challenge project is presented and the important results, which are presented in a series of companion papers, are summarized. Magnetic reconnection is studied in a simple Harris sheet configuration with a specified set of initial conditions, including a finite amplitude, magnetic island perturbation to trigger the dynamics. The evolution of the system is explored with a broad variety of codes, ranging from fully electromagnetic particle in cell (PIC) codes to conventional resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) codes, and the results are compared. The goal is to identify the essential physics which is required to model collisionless magnetic reconnection. All models that include the Hall effect in the generalized Ohm's law produce essentially indistinguishable rates of reconnection, corresponding to nearly Alfvenic inflow velocities. Thus the rate of reconnection is insensitive to the specific mechanism which breaks the frozen-in condition, whether resistivity, electron inertia, or electron thermal motion. The reconnection rate in the conventional resistive MHD model, in contrast, is dramatically smaller unless a large localized or current dependent resistivity is used. The Hall term brings the dynamics of whistler waves into the system. The quadratic dispersion property of whistlers (higher phase speed at smaller spatial scales) is the key to understanding these results. The implications of these results for trying to model the global dynamics of the magnetosphere are discussed.
The bovine papillomavirus constitutive enhancer is essential for viral transformation, DNA replication, and the maintenance of latency

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) has served as the prototype papillomavirus for the study of viral transcription, DNA replication, and latency. However, no cis essential transcription control regions which are necessary for both transformation and replication of BPV-1 or any other papillomavirus have yet been defined. We have found that BPV-1 mutants with deletions in the long control region were defective for transformation and replication, with the essential region in the 5' long control region corresponding to the previously defined BPV-1 constitutive enhancer (S. B. Vande Pol and P. M. Howley, J. Virol. 64:5420-5429, 1990). BPV-1 mutants deleted of the constitutive enhancer could be complemented in trans by the full-length virally encoded E2 transactivator and replication factor (E2TA) and in cis by the simian virus 40 enhancer. The constitutive enhancer induced the production of E2TA by activating all the major viral early promoters upstream of the E2 open reading frame. Complementation experiments using a temperature-sensitive E2TA mutant indicated that the constitutive enhancer was necessary for the maintenance of viral DNA replication within latently infected cells and implied that viral transcription under the regulation of the constitutive enhancer may be controlled during the cell cycle. The constitutive enhancer is a master regulatory control region for establishing and maintaining BPV-1 latency, and its characteristics reveal some analogies with cell type-specific enhancer elements recognized in the human papillomaviruses.
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Suppresses Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db Mice

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for colon cancer. The activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-IR axis plays a critical role in this carcinogenesis. (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, seems to have both antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. This study examined the effects of EGCG on the development of azoxymethane-induced colonic premalignant lesions in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice, which are obese and develop diabetes mellitus. Male db/db mice were given four weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) and then they received drinking water containing 0.01% or 0.1% EGCG for 7 weeks. At sacrifice, drinking water with EGCG caused a significant decrease in the number of total aberrant crypt foci, large aberrant crypt foci, and β-catenin accumulated crypts in these mice, all of which are premalignant lesions of the colon. The colonic mucosa of db/db mice expressed high levels of the IGF-IR, phosphorylated form of IGF-IR (p-IGF-IR), p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, and cyclin D1 proteins, and EGCG in drinking water caused a marked decrease in the expression of these proteins. Treating these mice with EGCG also caused an increase in the serum level of IGFBP-3 while conversely decreasing the serum levels of IGF-I, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and leptin. EGCG overcomes the activation of the IGF/IGF-IR axis, thereby inhibiting the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an obesity-related colon cancer model, which was also associated with hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. EGCG may be, therefore, useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity-related colorectal cancer.
Pelvic organ prolapse is associated with alteration of sphingosine-1-phosphate/Rho-kinase signalling pathway in human vaginal wall

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a debilitating condition of unknown aetiology affecting > 50% of women over 40 years of age. In POP patients, the vaginal walls are weakened allowing descent of pelvic organs through the vagina. We sought to determine if sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signalling, which regulates smooth muscle contractility and apoptosis via the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROK) pathway, is altered in the vagina of women with POP. Utilising anterior vaginal wall specimens, we provide novel demonstration of the S1P pathway in this organ. Additionally, comparing specimens from women having pelvic reconstructive surgery for POP and control subjects, we reveal increases in mRNA expression of the three major mammalian S1P receptors (S1P1–S1P3), and RhoA and the ROK isoforms: ROKα and ROKβ in POP patients, which correlates with a decrease in elastic fibre assembly pathway constituents. Taken together, our data suggest the S1P/ROK pathway as a novel area for future POP research and potential therapeutic development.
Simultaneous identification of strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and their Shiga-like toxin type by mismatch amplification mutation assay-multiplex PCR

Mismatch amplification mutation assay primers, specific for a unique base substitution in uidA of Escherichia coli O157:H7, was coupled with primers for the Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and SLT-II genes in a multiplex PCR assay. Analysis of 108 bacteria showed that all Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strains were identified simultaneously with the SLT types encoded by these strains.
Translation as transcreation and reincarnation

Abstract This article discusses strategies for translating poetry. The points of departure are the categories of poetic translation listed by Andre Lefevere. The idea that poets are the best translators of poetry, is discussed by referrint to a series of poet translators (T. S. Eliot, Andre Gide) to Tagore. The article presents Tagore's explicit views on translation and then documents in detail in the way in which Tagore, who insisted that his poetry should be read in the original Bengali, transcreated his poetry or gave poems new incarnations in English. Against this background, the author concludes that this genetic approach should be added to the list of strategies for poetry translation.
The relative roles of environment, history and local dispersal in controlling the distributions of common tree and shrub species in a tropical forest landscape, Panama

We used regression models and information-theoretic model selection to assess the relative importance of environment, local dispersal and historical contingency as controls of the distributions of 26 common plant species in tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We censused eighty-eight 0.09-ha plots scattered across the landscape. Environmental control, local dispersal and historical contingency were represented by environmental variables (soil moisture, slope, soil type, distance to shore, old-forest presence), a spatial autoregressive parameter (ρ), and four spatial trend variables, respectively. We built regression models, representing all combinations of the three hypotheses, for each species. The probability that the best model included the environmental variables, spatial trend variables and ρ averaged 33%, 64% and 50% across the study species, respectively. The environmental variables, spatial trend variables, ρ, and a simple intercept model received the strongest support for 4, 15, 5 and 2 species, respectively. Comparing the model results to information on species traits showed that species with strong spatial trends produced few and heavy diaspores, while species with strong soil moisture relationships were particularly drought-sensitive. In conclusion, history and local dispersal appeared to be the dominant controls of the distributions of common plant species on BCI.
The effectiveness of on-line hemodiafiltration on beta-2 microglobulin clearance in end stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVE To compare beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) clearance between on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) and high flux hemodialysis (HFHD). MATERIAL AND METHOD The total, convection/diffusion, and membrane adsorption components of beta2M clearance in 10 hemodialysis patients treated with on-line HDF at the replacement fluid rates of 75 (HDF75) and 125 (HDF125) mL/min, were determined and compared with HFHD. RESULTS The total beta2M clearance in the HDF 125 group was significantly higher than the HDF75 group (124.5 +/- 4.4 vs 101.3 +/- 4.1 mL/min; p < 0.05); both values were much greater than the HFHD group (p < 0.01). The convection/diffusion was the major portion of total beta2M clearance in all three groups. The values of convection/diffusion and membrane adsorption in both HDF groups were about 2 and 3 times, respectively, of the HFHD group (p < 0.01). Both components of beta2M clearance in the HDF125 group did not statistically differ from the HDF75 group, however; the value of convection/diffusion clearance in HDF125 was more than in the HDF75 group. Regarding Kt/Vurea and phosphate clearance, there were no significant differences among the study groups. CONCLUSION On-line HDF could provide more beta2M clearance than HFHD by increasing both the convection/ diffusion, and membrane adsorption clearances. HDF125 provided more total beta2M clearance than HDF75 from the convection/diffusion mechanism while the adsorptive mechanisms were equal.