Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Merging the Simple View of Reading with Rauding Theory

The Simple View of reading was merged with rauding theory by advancing a revision, called Simple View II. The original Simple View, described by Hoover and Gough (1990), has several inconsistencies between theoretical concepts and how concepts are measured. These inconsistencies were illuminated and clarified by using constructs from rauding theory. The resulting Simple View II focuses on how individual differences in reading level (called rauding accuracy level, AL) are almost entirely a function of word recognition level (called pronunciation level, PL) and listening comprehension level (called auditory accuracy level, AudAL). An analysis of data collected from 61 students in Grades 3–5, indicated that all of the reliable variance in AL was probably accounted for by PL and AudAL, thus providing strong support for Simple View II. Furthermore, the reading level of students in GE units (e.g., Grade 5) could be predicted highly accurately by simply averaging (a) their level of word recognition in GE units (e.g., Grade 3) and (b) their level of language comprehension in GE units (e.g., Grade 7). When Simple View II is merged with rauding theory, the result is a theoretical framework which includes interrelationships among all of the important constructs involved in reading ability, for students in Grade 1 through college.
The purification and characterization of a third storage protein (convicilin) from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.).

A third storage protein, distinct from legumin and vicilin, has been purified from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). This protein has been named 'convicilin' and is present in protein bodies isolated from pea seeds. Convicilin has a subunit mol.wt. of 71 000 and a mol.wt. in its native form of 290 000. Convicilin is antigenically dissimilar to legumin, but gives a reaction of identity with vicilin when tested against antibodies raised against both proteins. However, convicilin contains no vicilin subunits and may be clearly separated from vicilin by non-dissociating techniques. Unlike vicilin, convicilin does not interact with concanavalin A, and contains insignificant amounts of carbohydrates. Limited heterogeneity, as shown by isoelectric focusing, N-terminal analysis, and CNBr cleavage, is present in convicilin isolated from a single pea variety; genetic variation of the protein between pea lines has also been observed.
Targeting at the Nanoscale: A Novel S-Layer Fusion Protein Enabling Controlled Immobilization of Biotinylated Molecules

With the aim of constructing an S-layer fusion protein that combines both excellent self-assembly and specific ligand i.e., biotin binding ability, streptavidin (aa 16-133) was fused to the S-layer protein of Sporosarcina ureae ATCC 13881 (SslA) devoid of its N-terminal 341 and C-terminal 172 amino acids. The genetically engineered chimeric protein could be successfully produced in E. coli, isolated, and purified via Ni affinity chromatography. In vitro recrystallisation experiments performed with the purified chimeric protein in solution and on a silicon wafer have demonstrated that fusion of the streptavidin domain does not interfere with the self-assembling properties of the S-layer part. The chimeric protein self-assembled into multilayers. More importantly, the streptavidin domain retained its full biotin-binding ability, a fact evidenced by experiments in which biotinylated quantum dots were coupled to the fusion protein monomers and adsorbed onto the in vitro recrystallised fusion protein template. In this way, this S-layer fusion protein can serve as a functional template for the controlled immobilization of biotinylated and biologically active molecules.
Using Hierarchical Clustering and Summarisation Approaches for Web Retrieval: Glasgow at the TREC 2002 Interactive Track

1. Introduction and Motivation Current search engines are typified as having a lack of precision, coupled with an elongated ranked list style of result presentation. When combined, these factors make relevant data extraction increasingly complex. The main investigation of our participation in the Interactive Track of TREC 2002 is to assess the effectiveness of new visualisation techniques for displaying the results of search engines. Our current system, provisionally named HuddleSearch, uses a newly developed clustering algorithm, which dynamically organises the relevant documents into a traversable hierarchy of general to more-specific cluster categories. We have extended our TREC-10 summarisation tool to also allow the summarisation of multiple documents; whereby a summary paints a caricature of the contents of a cluster, rather than an individual document, thus allowing the user to provisionally judge a cluster’s relevance prior to viewing its contents. The interaction between the user and the system is further developed by the aid of an information visualisation tool. Our primary assumption is that the combination of both hierarchical clustering and summarisation tools will aid users in their interaction with the system in the Web context. 2. Systems Our baseline system acts as a metasearch engine, providing a generic interface capable of displaying the results from any web search engine, simply by defining a wrapper specific to the baseline system. For the purposes of these experiments, we retrieve the results only from the provided Panoptic system 1 , returning results solely from the . GOV domain. This system simply displays the title, a 200-character description and URL for each document, to provide the user with an element of familiarity with systems such as Google. Our experimental system, HuddleSearch, extends the properties of our basic system, by enabling the user to find relevant documents quickly by means of navigating within a traversable hierarchy of clusters. When a user views a cluster title he or she gains an overview of the documents contained within it, and is then able to narrow in and view only the documents within a specified segmentation of choice, at a lower branch of the tree. In this way we address the problem of information overload; the user is able to reduce the relevant documents set by continually filtering out irrelevant documents in search of information satisfying their need.
Multiparty Talk in the Novel: The Distribution of Tea and Talk in a Scene from Evelyn Waugh's Black Mischief

This article argues that studies of fictional dialogue have hitherto neglected the specific dynamics of multiparty talk. I will contend that this neglect contributes to the perpetuation of an "ideal" of conversation that allows no space for either the frustrations and inequalities of such encounters or the unique pleasures they may bring to the reader. I urge the importance of distinguishing between group talk, in which there is some element of cohesion and shared goals, and multiparty talk, in which the representation foregrounds fragmentation and explores the often subtle power games played by the participants. Focusing on a scene from Evelyn Waugh's Black Mischief (1986 [1932]), I argue that Waugh is sensitive to the dynamics of multiparty talk while orchestrating the representation for comic effect. I propose that analyzing such scenes of multiparty talk must make us reassess not only how we theorize fictional dialogue, but how far our models of everyday speech serve to privilege and universalize certain conversational practices and mechanisms based almost exclusively on the duologue.
The role of transactive memory in the formation of organizational routines

This study addresses how individuals combine their diverse skills during the process of forming organizational routines. Our explanation centers on the development of transactive memory, which forms during the initial performances of a routine, as actors search for (and subsequently remember) other actors with the capabilities needed to complete a routine. We present an agent-based model to analyze how the distribution and availability of individual capabilities influence the set of actors involved in performing routines, initially and over time. The model shows that even when the pattern of actions stays the same, the pattern of actors involved in performing an organizational routine can change continuously. Variations in the efficiency of routine formation that are inexplicable in terms of action sequences may be readily explained when we examine actor sequences. Transactive memory contributes to the theory of organizational routines by serving as a bridge between individuals’ skills and collective capabilities.
Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Factor in Chronic Hypoxic Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The present study was designed first to investigate the pulmonary hypertensive effects of chronic hypoxia in spontaneously hypertensive rats and second to compare the cardiovascular effects of atrial natriuretic factor on rats exposed to hypoxia and on control rats kept at sea level. Catheters were placed in the femora] and pulmonary arteries for measurement of mean systemic arterial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. The cardiac output was measured by thermodilution method. It was found that 4 weeks of simulated 18,000-foot hypoxia led to polycythemia, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary hypertension, which resulted from an increased pulmonary vascular resistance. However, systemic arterial pressure was not significantly different between the two groups of rats. Atrial natriuretic factor administration decreased systemic arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure to a lesser extent in the hypoxic group compared with the sea level control group. It is concluded that these animals snowed an impaired response to atrial natriuretic factor after long-term exposure to hypoxia.
The dialogic of media and social movements

In the contemporary “information society” the mobilization of information and knowledge may be as important as the mobilization of people in the struggle for social justice and equality. Emergent political actors, such as the new social movements (NSMs), must first reach and persuade their audiences with information and knowledge before they can hope to move them to action. In order to do so, movements must first develop strategic access to commercial news media organizations. As the major sources of political information for citizens in modern societies, news media are still one of the most crucial bottlenecks in the distribution of new information by and about emergent social movements. The question of whether (and how) the new movements can produce access to news media, and what kind of access they can produce, becomes an urgent democratic question about the possibilities and processes of social change in the United States.
Uniting Spirituality and Sexual Counseling

The historical barrier between spirituality or religion and counseling appears to be diminishing as interest in and emphasis on spirituality expands. The inherent transcendence of spirituality has implications for greater sexual understanding and fulfillment. Counselors who unite sexual counseling and spirituality must examine their personal experiences, values, and beliefs in the spiritual realm as well as become familiar with the various spiritual contexts of clients.
Design and Validation of a 150 MHz HFFQCM Sensor for Bio-Sensing Applications

Acoustic wave resonators have become suitable devices for a broad range of sensing applications due to their sensitivity, low cost, and integration capability, which are all factors that meet the requirements for the resonators to be used as sensing elements for portable point of care (PoC) platforms. In this work, the design, characterization, and validation of a 150 MHz high fundamental frequency quartz crystal microbalance (HFF-QCM) sensor for bio-sensing applications are introduced. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of the proposed design are in good agreement with the electrical characterization of the manufactured resonators. The sensor is also validated for bio-sensing applications. For this purpose, a specific sensor cell was designed and manufactured that addresses the critical requirements associated with this type of sensor and application. Due to the small sensing area and the sensor’s fragility, these requirements include a low-volume flow chamber in the nanoliter range, and a system approach that provides the appropriate pressure control for assuring liquid confinement while maintaining the integrity of the sensor with a good base line stability and easy sensor replacement. The sensor characteristics make it suitable for consideration as the elemental part of a sensor matrix in a multichannel platform for point of care applications.
Phonological awareness in young second language learners

ABSTRACT English-speaking children (N = 91) who were attending French schools (bilingual group) were given a battery of phonological awareness tests in kindergarten and in grade 1. At the time of kindergarten testing the mean age of the children was 5:9. Their performance was compared to age-matched English-speaking children (N = 72) attending English schools (monolingual group). The bilingual children showed heightened levels of phonological awareness skills in kindergarten in the area of onset-rime awareness. By grade 1, the pattern of group differences was more complex. The monolingual and bilingual children performed similarly on onset-rime segmentation tasks. The monolingual children had higher phoneme awareness scores than their French-schooled peers; this result is interpreted to reflect the role of literacy instruction on phoneme awareness development. In comparison, the bilingual children had higher syllable segmentation scores than their monolingual peers. This result is interpreted to reflect the role of second language input on phonological awareness.
Consumer Preference Elicitation of Complex Products Using Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Active Learning

As technology advances, new products (e.g., digital cameras, computer tablets, etc.) have become increasingly more complex. Researchers often face considerable challenges in understanding consumers’ preferences for such products. This paper proposes an adaptive decompositional framework to elicit consumers’ preferences for complex products. The proposed method starts with collaborative-filtered initial part-worths, followed by an adaptive question selection process that uses a fuzzy support vector machine active learning algorithm to adaptively refine the individual-specific preference estimate after each question. Our empirical and synthetic studies suggest that the proposed method performs well for product categories equipped with as many as 70 to 100 attribute levels, which is typically considered prohibitive for decompositional preference elicitation methods. In addition, we demonstrate that the proposed method provides a natural remedy for a long-standing challenge in adaptive question design by gauging the possibility of response errors on the fly and incorporating the results into the survey design. This research also explores in a live setting how responses from previous respondents may be used to facilitate active learning of the focal respondent’s product preferences. Overall, the proposed approach offers new capabilities that complement existing preference elicitation methods, particularly in the context of complex products.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mksc.2015. 0946 .
Using 'endowed props' in scenario-based design

We have developed a form of scenario-based design that aims to increase stakeholders' sense of 'immersion' in the happenings and situations depicted in the scenarios. In our approach, scenarios are 'acted out' by actors and/or candidate users during participatory design sessions, rather than being 'walked through' by designers and users. In form, our scenarios are bare and malleable and load on the context of use more than the activities and objectives of the candidate users. In usage, our scenarios play a role similar to stage directions in theatrical performance. Props are a vital accompaniment to such scenarios. Props focus the attention of the design team and stakeholders during participatory design sessions and this paper describes their form and usage.
Relationship Between Self-reported Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Nondemented Patients With Parkinson Disease

ObjectiveThe prevalence of apathy was assessed across select cognitive and psychiatric variables in 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 29 demographically matched healthy control participants. BackgroundApathy is common in PD, although differentiating apathy from motor, cognitive, and/or other neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Previous studies have reported a positive relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment, particularly executive dysfunction. MethodPatients were categorized according to apathy symptom severity. Stringent criteria were used to exclude patients with dementia. ResultsApproximately 44% of patients endorsed significant levels of apathy. Those patients performed worse than patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy on select measures of verbal fluency and on a measure of verbal and nonverbal conceptualization. Further, they reported a greater number of symptoms related to depression and behavioral disturbance than did those patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy. Apathy was significantly related to self-report of depression and executive dysfunction. Performance on cognitive tasks assessing verbal fluency, working memory, and verbal abstraction and also on a self-report measure of executive dysfunction was shown to significantly predict increasing levels of apathy. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that apathy in nondemented patients with PD seems to be strongly associated with executive dysfunction.
Oncologists' recognition of supportive care needs and symptoms of their patients in a breast cancer outpatient consultation.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of oncologists' recognition of their patients' supportive care needs and symptoms in breast cancer outpatient consultation in Japan. METHODS The participants included a sample of randomly selected outpatients with breast cancer and two oncologists. The patients responded to validated self-administered questionnaires to assess their supportive care needs and symptoms. The oncologists responded to a questionnaire in which they indicated their perception of level of the same set of needs or symptoms following consultation. The two data sets were compared statistically. RESULTS Complete data sets were available for 408 patients. Low negative predictive values for the psychological (30%) and information domain (30%) indicated that the patients often have psychological and information needs that the oncologists do not appropriately recognize. The sensitivity and specificity of the physicians' assessment for all physical symptoms except pain were <40 and >85%, respectively, indicating that the physicians could not detect, but could rule out the possibility of a patient experiencing physical symptoms. Borderline/clinical depression and anxiety were the only two symptoms that the oncologists reported more frequently than the patients did. As a result, the specificity of the physicians' assessment for the detection of borderline/clinical depression and anxiety was relatively low (74 and 27%). CONCLUSIONS Oncologists' recognition may not accurately reflect their patients' supportive care needs and symptoms in usual care. Incorporation of a standard assessment system for supportive care needs and symptoms in clinical practice must heighten the oncologists' awareness of their patients' these problems.
A nuclear single-stranded-DNA binding factor interacts with the long terminal repeats of the 1731 Drosophila retrotransposon

Using gel mobility assays, we have detected two proteins that bind in the U3 region of the 1731 retrotransposon long terminal repeats (between positions -110 and -73) in nuclear extracts from Drosophila melanogaster cultured cells. The first one binds double-stranded DNA, whereas the other binds the mRNA-like strand in a sequence-specific manner. We report here the characterization of the latter protein, named NssBF for nuclear single-stranded-DNA binding factor. Gel filtration shows an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa for NssBF. The points of contact between NssBF and its single-stranded DNA target were determined. This protein binds neither the complementary strand nor the corresponding RNA sequence. A possible role of NssBF in transcription is discussed.
Structural digital signature for image authentication: an incidental distortion resistant scheme

The existing digital data authentication methods are able to detect tampered regions, but are too fragile to resist incidental distortions. This paper will present a new digital signature scheme for image authentication by making use of image content (in the wavelet domain). Based on this concept, a structural digital signature (SDS) is constructed. SDS is a signature that can be used to judge whether an incoming modification is incidental or malicious. When the structure of an SDS is maintained near-complete, we classify the incoming modification as incidental; otherwise, it is malicious. Many incidental manipulations, which cannot be tolerated in previous digital signature or fragile watermarking methods, can now survive under the proposed scheme.
How Nouns and Verbs Differentially Affect the Behavior of Artificial Organisms

This paper presents an Artificial Life and Neural Network (ALNN) model for the evolution of syntax. The simulation methodology provides a unifying approach for the study of the evolution of language and its interaction with other behavioral and neural factors. The model uses an object manipulation task to simulate the evolution of language based on a simple verb-noun rule. The analyses of results focus on the interaction between language and other non-linguistic abilities, and on the neural control of linguistic abilities. The model shows that the beneficial effects of language on non-linguistic behavior are explained by the emergence of distinct internal representation patterns for the processing of verbs and nouns.
A novel approach for RF/microwave modeling and optimization of BGA packages

A novel approach for RF/microwave modeling and optimization of ball grid array (BGA) packages is presented. Using the proposed methodology, wideband models that account for the parasitic contribution of all package components along complete signal paths (chipto-board) were developed and validated. With the aid of these models, root causes of potential signal integrity (SI) problems were studied. Based on the results obtained, novel design measures were derived.
Learning in Environments with Unknown Dynamics: Towards more Robust Concept Learners

In the process of concept learning, target concepts may have portions with short-term changes, other portions may support long-term changes, and yet others may not change at all. For this reason several local windows need to be handled. We suggest facing this problem, which naturally exists in the field of concept learning, by allocating windows which can adapt their size to portions of the target concept. We propose an incremental decision tree that is updated with incoming examples. Each leaf of the decision tree holds a time window and a local performance measure as the main parameter to be controlled. When the performance of a leaf decreases, the size of its local window is reduced. This learning algorithm, called OnlineTree2, automatically adjusts its internal parameters in order to face the current dynamics of the data stream. Results show that it is comparable to other batch algorithms when facing problems with no concept change, and it is better than evaluated methods in its ability to deal with concept drift when dealing with problems in which: concept change occurs at different speeds, noise may be present and, examples may arrive from different areas of the problem domain (virtual drift).