Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Trained Neural Networks from a Neurophysiological Perspective

The application of theoretical neural networks to preprocessed images was investigated with the aim of developing a computational recognition system. The neural networks were trained by means of a back-propagation algorithm, to respond selectively to computer-generated bars and edges. The receptive fields of the trained networks were then mapped, in terms of both their synaptic weights and their responses to spot stimuli. There was a direct relationship between the pattern of weights on the inputs to the hidden units (the units in the intermediate layer between the input and the output units), and their receptive field as mapped by spot stimuli. This relationship was not sustained at the level of the output units in that their spot-mapped responses failed to correspond either with the weights of the connections from the hidden units to the output units, or with a qualitative analysis of the networks. Part of this discrepancy may be ascribed to the output function used in the back-propagation algorithm.
Vision-based motion primitives for reactive walking

This paper presents a method for reactive walking allowing visual servoing and adaptation of footsteps trajectories in real-time. This is done by building upon recent advances in the fields of optimal control for a walking pattern generator [1] and planning for a nonholomic robot with field-of-view constraints [2]. Herdt et al. [1] provided a controller where a humanoid robot is driven by its Center-of-Mass (CoM) velocity. A natural extension, proposed in [3], is to control a humanoid robot directly by using vision-based control techniques. However, the trajectories realized by the robot in that case are generated to minimize the distance in the image feature space and might create unnecessary motion in the space of the footprints. This paper aims at solving this problem by making the CoM follow a convenient space of trajectories for which the robot behaves overall better. The motion primitives obtained in [2] provide the space of trajectories used in this work.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF U . S . ETHANOL PRODUCTION

Site-specific factors are assumed to influence ethanol plant location and production. This paper aims at determining whether these factors actually have influence on plant size. The rapid expansion of the industry could make these factors crucial in its survival. Exploratory spatial analyses did not show spatial dependence among nearby ethanol plants. However, a spatial error model was found to be superior to its a-spatial version. The corn production is the only factor that has statistically significant influence on ethanol plant size. The implication of these results is beginning to be seen in the current transportation bottleneck facing the industry.
Radiation Dose and Somatic Risk from Computed Tomography

Lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) have been employed to measure the radiation dose distribution within a phantom and the central axis dose in air. Results are presented for seven (four EMI CT1010, one EMI CT5005, one EMI CT7070 and one Siemens DR2) different machines. Organ doses for four different computed tomography (CT) investigations (head, lung, liver and pelvis) have been estimated from previously published tables and the central axis dose in air in 3 CT units. These estimated organ doses were used in turn to deduce the somatic and genetic risks for the four types of CT examination. These calculations indicate that for an ‘average’ male patient undergoing a CT examination corresponding to the average conditions encountered, the total somatic risks are 3.15 10−4, 1.98 10−4, 2.31 10−4, and 1.38 10−4 for head, lung, liver and pelvis scans, respectively. The corresponding figures for female patients are 3.39 10−4, 3.95 10−4, 2.73 10−4, and 1.60 10−4. The risk from head scanning is approximately 250 times that of a dental pantomograph. Somatic and genetic risks will be approximately twice as high for contrast examinations.
A tribological study of UHMWPE acetabular cups and polyurethane compliant layer acetabular cups.

A novel design of polyurethane compliant layer acetabular cup has been developed through a series of friction, creep and wear tests. Friction tests were initially conducted on ABG standard form, polyurethane acetabular cups and an ABG standard form, UHMWPE acetabular cup for comparison. The polyurethane cups showed lower friction than the UHMWPE cup with maximum friction factors between 0. 008 and 0.02 compared with 0.035 for the UHMWPE cup. This indicated that, in the polyurethane cups, more of the load across the joint was carried by the fluid entrapped in the joint space rather than with asperity contact, compared with the UHMWPE cup. The inherent compliance of the polyurethane is used to promote elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. However, this compliance raised concerns over excessive creep, which may in turn adversely affect tribological performance. Therefore, creep tests were undertaken on the ABG standard form, polyurethane acetabular cups followed by further friction tests. Small amounts of creep occurred in the polyurethane cups at ambient temperature, which reduced the friction slightly (maximum friction factors of 0.009) due to increased conformity between the head and the cup. However, at 37 degrees C, greater creep occurred causing pinching of the femoral head by the acetabular cup resulting in lubricant starvation and higher friction (maximum friction factors of 0.035). The design of the polyurethane cups was subsequently modified to incorporate a flared rim to eliminate the possibility of fluid starvation through pinching. Creep in polyurethane acetabular cups is also affected by the method of fixation of the cups, due to the conformity with and the stiffness of the cup backing. Hence, a one-million-cycle wear test was performed on five ABG flared form, polyurethane acetabular cups on the Mk. I Durham Hip Joint Wear Simulator to evaluate the best method of fixation for the polyurethane cups. The smallest amount of penetration, due to creep and wear, was found with cement fixation (0.30 mm penetration with cement fixation, 0.44 mm with polyethylene holder mounting, and 0.52 mm with metal shell mounting). A 4. 25-million-cycle wear test was then conducted on a further five ABG flared form, polyurethane acetabular cups with cement fixation. Five ABG standard form, UHMWPE acetabular cups were also wear-tested to 5. 0-million cycles. The mean and standard error of the wear rate for the polyurethane cups were 14.1 +/- 4.3 mg/10(6) (12.0 +/- 3.6 mm(3)/10(6)), cycles compared with 44.8 +/- 3.4 mg/10(6) (48.2 +/- 3. 7 mm(3)/10(6)), cycles for the UHMWPE cups. This study showed that the novel polyurethane-compliant layer acetabular cup with cement fixation was tribologically superior to the ABG standard form UHMWPE design currently being used clinically.
Towards a Low Cost Mu-Rhythm Based BCI

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether mu rhythm based BCIs can be implemented using the low cost Emotiv Epoc EEG device. Synchronisation in the high alpha and low beta band caused by continuous imagery and real toes movement was recorded on 6 healthy subjects. We apply LDA and SVM classifiers in order to classify a trial as movement or non-movement by computing the power of the band of interest on C3, C4, FC3, FC4 standard positions. 10-cross validation results indicate that sensorimotor ERS takes some seconds to develop both in the case of imagery and real movement. The performance is better when classification occurs 5–7 seconds after the movement starts. A simple musical application where the user can move the pitch of a tone up and down in a musical scale is built based on real or imagery toes movement.
LNG – Based Cogeneration Systems: Evaluation Using Exergy-Based Analyses

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) market was established in the 1960s. During its over 50 years history, this market has grown significantly and the growth is expected to continue in the future. New technologies that lead to an increased efficiency in each step of the LNG chain are permanently in the focus of consideration. The information given in this section is based on many References (for example, EIA, 2003 and 2004; NTL, 2005; IIF-IIR, 2006; PFC Energy, 2011; GIIGNL, 2011; PLATTS, 2011; EUROGAS, 2011; Foss, 2003; Patel, 2005; Dorigoni & Portatadino, 2008; Maxwell & Zhu, 2011; Kumar et al., 2011).
Content-based Recommendation Algorithms on the Hadoop MapReduce Framework

Content-based recommender systems are widely used to generate personal suggestions for content items based on their metadata description. However, due to the required (text) processing of these metadata, the computational complexity of the recommendation algorithms is high, which hampers their application in large-scale. This computational load reinforces the necessity of a reliable, scalable and distributed processing platform for calculating recommendations. Hadoop is such a platform that supports data-intensive distributed applications based on map and reduce tasks. Therefore, we investigated how Hadoop can be utilized as a cloud computing platform to solve the scalability problem of content-based recommendation algorithms. The various MapReduce operations, necessary for keyword extraction and generating content-based suggestions for the end-user, are elucidated in this paper. Experimental results on Wikipedia articles prove the appropriateness of Hadoop as an efficient and scalable platform for computing content-based recommendations.
ITO-Schottky photodiodes for high-performance detection in the UV-IR spectrum

High-performance vertically illuminated Schottky photodiodes with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) Schottky layers were designed, fabricated, and tested. Ternary and quarternary III-V material systems (AlGaN-GaN, AlGaAs-GaAs, InAlGaAs-InP, and InGaAsP-InP) were utilized for detection in the ultraviolet (UV) (/spl lambda/<400 nm), near-IR (/spl lambda//spl sim/850 nm), and IR (/spl lambda//spl sim/1550 nm) spectrum. The material properties of thin ITO films were characterized. Using resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) detector structures, improved efficiency performance was achieved. Current-voltage, spectral responsivity, and high-speed measurements were carried out on the fabricated ITO-Schottky devices. The device performances obtained with different material systems are compared.
Structure and function of the complete internal fusion loop from Ebolavirus glycoprotein 2

Ebolavirus (Ebov), an enveloped virus of the family Filoviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. The viral glycoprotein (GP) is solely responsible for virus–host membrane fusion, but how it does so remains elusive. Fusion occurs after virions reach an endosomal compartment where GP is proteolytically primed by cathepsins. Fusion by primed GP is governed by an internal fusion loop found in GP2, the fusion subunit. This fusion loop contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues, some of which have been shown to be critical for GP-mediated infection. Here we present liposome fusion data and NMR structures for a complete (54-residue) disulfide-bonded internal fusion loop (Ebov FL) in a membrane mimetic. The Ebov FL induced rapid fusion of liposomes of varying compositions at pH values at or below 5.5. Consistently, circular dichroism experiments indicated that the α-helical content of the Ebov FL in the presence of either lipid-mimetic micelles or small liposomes increases in samples exposed to pH ≤5.5. NMR structures in dodecylphosphocholine micelles at pH 7.0 and 5.5 revealed a conformational change from a relatively flat extended loop structure at pH 7.0 to a structure with an ∼90° bend at pH 5.5. Induction of the bend at low pH reorients and compacts the hydrophobic patch at the tip of the FL. We propose that these changes facilitate disruption of lipids at the site of virus–host cell membrane contact and, hence, initiate Ebov fusion.
Power allocation for cognitive radio networks with statistical QoS provisioning of primary users

In this paper, we investigate the optimal power allocation strategy for underlay-based cognitive radio networks (CRN) with statistical quality-of-service (QoS) protection of primary users (PU). Instead of utilizing commonly used average/peak interference power constraints to protect PU's transmission, our proposed power allocation strategy will satisfy PU's statistical QoS requirement characterized by the queue-length bound violation probability. By applying the effective capacity theory, we convert PU's queue-length bound violation probability constraint to the equivalent maximum sustainable traffic load requirement. Then, we formulate the optimization problem aiming at maximizing the average transmission rate of secondary user (SU) while meeting PU's statistical QoS requirement as well as SU's average and peak transmit power constraints. Unfortunately, such a problem is non-convex. By employing the theories of convex hull and probabilistic transmission, we successfully convert the original non-convex problem to an equivalent strictly convex problem and obtain the optimal power allocation strategy of SU through Lagrangian approach. Simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the impact of PU's statistical QoS requirement on the SU's maximum achievable transmission rate as well as the superiority of our proposed optimal strategy as compared to the fixed power allocation scheme.
Sampling in latent space for a mulitiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm

A regularity model-based multiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm (RM-MEDA) has been proposed for continuous multiobjective optimization problems. Generating promising solutions to approximate the population is significant to RM-MEDA. In the reproduction of RM-MEDA, it adopts a Latin square design strategy to sample points in the latent space that is extended to cover the whole Pareto set. However, the setting of the extension scale is problem-dependent to some extent. To circumvent this issue, we propose a differential evolution based sampling (DES) scheme for RM-MEDA. DES mutates the projections of the parent solutions in the latent space to generate promising candidate offspring solutions. The empirical experiment results have shown the significant advantages of the DES scheme comparing to the Latin square design.
Corals on seamounts

Corals are amongst the most conspicuous sessile organisms found on the hard substrates of seamounts. They include a diverse array of groups within the phylum Cnidaria, including the Scleractinia (stony corals), Antipatharia (black corals), Zoanthidea (zoanthids), Octocorallia (gorgonians, sea fans, soft corals) and Stylasteridae (hydrocorals). Estimating global coral diversity on seamounts is complicated by a lack of samples. However, they are an important component of the species diversity found on seamounts, playing a pivotal role in structuring the environment. In particular, some scleractinian corals have the ability to form cold-water reefs that may have a diverse community of associated organisms. Gorgonian corals may form dense stands that also play a structural role in communities of ﬁ sh and other organisms. Corals found on seamounts show a diverse range of life histories although patterns of recruitment to populations are not understood. Isotopic methods for ageing corals have revealed that individual colonies may be slow growing and can live for hundreds to thousands of years. The distribution of corals on seamounts depends on a variety of physical and biological factors. Relative distribution of the coral groups differs regionally and between oceans, reﬂ ecting differences in ocean chemistry, productivity and biogeography. The different coral groups also show signiﬁ cant differences in depth of occurrence resulting from differences in trophic ecology and other aspects of biology. Because of their fragility, conservative life histories and limited geographic distribution, cold-water corals are vulnerable to the impacts of human exploitation through coral harvesting or as bycatch of ﬁ shing, especially trawling. Changes in ocean chemistry resulting from climate change are also a signiﬁ cant threat to corals on seamounts and other marine habitats.
Planning desired center of Mass and zero moment point trajectories for bipedal locomotion

In this paper, we consider the problem of simultaneously synthesizing desired trajectories for both the center of mass (CoM) and zero moment point (ZMP) of a bipedal robot. The approach extends our past work, in which we derived an explicit constraint that ensures boundedness of CoM trajectories for a given reference ZMP trajectory. We parameterize the desired ZMP trajectory by a sequence of basis functions; these design parameters are optimized by an algorithm, in which the CoM boundedness constraint as well as ZMP and other CoM specifications are simultaneously satisfied. When these specifications do not fully constrain the solution, we apply a null-space projection approach that allows the incorporation of additional design criteria. We present simulation results for both the linear inverted pendulum model, and for a model that includes swing leg dynamics.
ESCAPE RATES AND PERRON-FROBENIUS OPERATORS: OPEN AND CLOSED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

We study the Perron-Frobenius operator $\mathcal{P}$ of closed dynamical systems and certain open dynamical systems. We prove that the presence of a large positive eigenvalue $\rho$ of $\mathcal{P}$ guarantees the existence of a 2-partition of the phase space for which the escape rates of the open systems defined on the two partition sets are both slower than $-\log\rho$. The open systems with slow escape rates are easily identified from the Perron-Frobenius operators of the closed systems. Numerical results are presented for expanding maps of the unit interval. We also apply our technique to shifts of finite type to show that if the adjacency matrix for the shift has a large positive second eigenvalue, then the shift may be decomposed into two disjoint subshifts, both of which have high topological entropies.
Managing Financial Market Expectations: The Role of Central Bank Transparency and Central Bank Communication

In this paper, we study the influence of central bank transparency and informal central bank communication on the formation of money market expectations. The sample covers nine major central banks from January 1999 to July 2007. We find, first, that transparency reduces the bias in money market expectations and dampens their variation. Second, informal communications help manage financial market expectations by reducing the variation of expectations. Third, various subcategories of the Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) transparency index lead to a smaller bias in expectations (in particular, evaluation of policy outcome and explanation of interest rate decisions) and to a reduction in the variation of expectations (in particular, explicit prioritization of objectives and provision of information on unanticipated macroeconomic disturbances).
Lived Experiences of Racially and Ethnically Underrepresented Minority BSN Students: A Case Study Specifically Exploring Issues Related to Recruitment and Retention

AbstractThe lived experiences of 12 traditionally aged underrepresented minority BSN students in a predominantly white university were explored using a qualitative, semi-structured, e-questionnaire approach. A multistep analysis procedure of the data identified barriers, including negative interactions with and lack of diversity of faculty and peers, deficiency of cultural competency training, lack of academic and financial support, and negative family behaviors. Identified facilitators include a strong desire to be a nurse, family member in the health care profession, and proximity to home. Novel findings include highly polarized responses regarding interactions with faculty and peers and the drive to be a nurse as a unique aspect of general determination.
Traumatische Erfahrungen deutscher Flüchtlinge am Ende des II. Weltkrieges und heutige Belastungsstörungen

Zusammenfassung: Ziel der Fragebogenerhebung war es, ehemalige deutsche Fluchtlinge zu Erinnerungen an traumatische Erfahrungen zu befragen und ein Screening zu heutigen Symptomen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstorung (PCL-C), komorbiden Beschwerden (SCL-90-R) und Bewaltigungsstil (FAPK 3; SOC) durchzufuhren. An der Untersuchung beteiligten sich 269 Personen (76 % Frauen), die im Mittel 69 Jahre alt waren (SD: 6) und wahrend der Flucht am Ende des 2. Weltkrieges 15 Jahre alt waren. 62 % litten unter intrusiven Symptomen; bei 5 % wurde eine voll ausgepragte Posttraumatische Belastungsstorung (PTBS) und bei weiteren 25 % eine partielle PTBS festgestellt. Im Vergleich zu gering belasteten Personen berichteten TeilnehmerInnen mit (voller oder partieller) PTBS signifikant haufiger uber Mehrfachtraumatisierung, komorbide Beschwerden, Defizite der emotionalen Kompetenz und geringeres Koharenzgefuhl. Obwohl sich Frauen und Manner hinsichtlich ihrer Angaben zu Haufigkeit und subjektiver Schwere traumatischer Erf.
Testing resource-based propositions about IS sourcing decisions

Purpose – This research analyzes and tests the impact of some resource‐based determinants on sourcing decisions in an IS domain.Design/methodology/approach – By applying the insights provided by the resource‐based view of the firm, some hypotheses to explain sourcing decisions regarding the implementation of an information system was developed. These hypotheses are tested in a specific functional area – human resources – using binomial logistic models. Primary data was collected through a survey of large Spanish firms.Findings – Results confirm that HRIS implementation capabilities, and not the mere set of technical skills, play a major role in sourcing decisions. However, only when a specific level of both experience in that function and relationship between client and provider teams is reached will these capabilities allow the firm to outperform competitors and become a key determinant of the governance mode. Support for the influence of the strategic contribution of the HRIS was also found.Originality/.
Translational Initiation Factor eIF-4E

To define the coupling mechanism between cardiac load and the rate of protein synthesis, changes in the extent of eIF-4E phosphorylation were measured after imposition of a load. Electrically stimulated contraction of adult feline cardiocytes increased eIF-4E phosphorylation to 34% after 4 h, as compared with 8% phosphorylation in quiescent controls. However, eIF-4E phosphorylation did not increase upon electrical stimulation in the presence of 7.5 mM 2,3-butanedione monoxime, an inhibitor of actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and active tension development. Treatment of adult cardiocytes with either 0.1 μM insulin or 0.1 μM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased eIF-4E phosphorylation to 23 and 64%, respectively, but these increases were not blocked by 2,3-butanedione monoxime. In canine models of acute hemodynamic overload in vivo, eIF-4E phosphorylation increased to 23% in response to left ventricular pressure overload as compared with 7% phosphorylation in controls. Acute volume overload had no effect on eIF-4E phosphorylation. These changes in eIF-4E phosphorylation account for differences in anabolic responses to acute pressure versus acute volume overload. These data suggest that eIF-4E phosphorylation is a mechanism by which increased cardiac load is coupled to accelerated rates of protein synthesis.