Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal Morphologies for the Caucasus region

The Caucasus region is famed for its rich and diverse arrays of languages and language families, often challenging European-centered views established in traditional linguistics. In this paper, we describe ongoing efforts to improve the coverage of Universal Morphologies for languages of the Caucasus region. The Universal Morphologies (UniMorph) are a recent community project aiming to complement the Universal Dependencies which focus on morphosyntax and syntax. We describe the development of UniMorph resources for Nakh-Daghestanian and Kartvelian languages as a well as for Classical Armenian, we discuss challenges that the complex morphology of these and related languages poses to the current design of UniMorph, and suggest possibilities to improve the applicability of UniMorph for languages of the Caucasus region in particular and for low resource languages in general. We also criticize the UniMorph TSV format for its limited expressiveness, and suggest to complement the existing UniMorph workflow with support for additional source formats on grounds of Linked Open Data technology.
Translation and validation of two questionnaires assessing fear of flying for Portuguese language

The aim of this study was to translate the FAS and FAM into Portuguese language and to assess its internal consistency, convergent and divergent validities, in a sample of Portuguese speaking population. Both scales were validated in 960 individuals, 890 from the general population and 70 flying phobics. The psychometric methods used were exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation for factor structure, Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency, Pearson’s correlations for divergent and convergent validities, and finally Mann-Whitney test also for divergent validity. Results confirmed FAS-PT as a 3 factor model and FAM-PT as a 2 factor model, like the original versions. Cronbach’s α coefficient showed excellent values for FAS-PT (.99) and FAM-PT (.97). Convergent validity showed a strong correlation in both scales, with r values between . 75 and . 87. In opposite, divergent validity presented a poor correlation in both scales, with r values between . 28 and . 38. The validity and reliability of these scales were established, enabling their use within Portuguese language speakers, for investigation and clinical settings. Nevertheless, this study should be replicated in other samples and other forms of validity should be explored.
MPLNC Using Cyclic Code and Select-Max Protocol

The important advantage of a wireless network compared with a wired network is its broadcast nature. The concept of network coding can be applied at the physical layer to turn the broadcast property into a capacity-boosting advantage in wireless networks. Relay is a node between the transmitter and receiver to amplify and forward(AAF) the signal. Here a cooperative coded modulation technique, namely, multi-level physical-layer network coding (MPLNC), is proposed to exploit the structure of multiuser, multilevel coding. Multi level coding means the information’s are transmitted at different code rate . Specifically in the MPLNC scheme proposed, both sources send information using multi level coding (MLC) and the receiver node performs PLNC and Multi stage Decoding (MSD) . At the multi relay system a protocol named SELECT-MAX protocol is used. This help the relay to decide whether relaying is needed or not needed at the destination based on SNR and to select the best relay from multiple relay system . this improves the reliability and efficiency of physical layer network coding(PLNC) . Also by using cyclic codes for coding will provide efficient error detection and error correction at multi level physical layer network .
The Role of Estrogen Receptor β in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus on the Expression of Female Sexual Behavior in C57BL/6J Mice

17β-Estradiol (E2) regulates the expression of female sexual behavior by acting through estrogen receptor (ER) α and β. Previously, we have shown that ERβ knockout female mice maintain high level of lordosis expression on the day after behavioral estrus when wild-type mice show a clear decline of the behavior, suggesting ERβ may be involved in inhibitory regulation of lordosis. However, it is not identified yet in which brain region(s) ERβ may mediate an inhibitory action of E2. In this study, we have focused on the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) that expresses ERβ in higher density than ERα. We site specifically knocked down ERβ in the DRN in ovariectomized mice with virally mediated RNA interference method. All mice were tested weekly for a total of 3 weeks for their lordosis expression against a stud male in two consecutive days: day 1 with the hormonal condition mimicking the day of behavioral estrus, and day 2 under the hormonal condition mimicking the day after behavioral estrus. We found that the level of lordosis expression in ERβ knockdown (βERKD) mice was not different from that of control mice on day 1. However, βERKD mice continuously showed elevated levels of lordosis behavior on day 2 tests, whereas control mice showed a clear decline of the behavior on day 2. These results suggest that the expression of ERβ in the DRN may be involved in the inhibitory regulation of sexual behavior on the day after behavioral estrus in cycling female mice.
Beamforming and scheduling in a cellular OFDM system

This paper presents a system proposal for the downlink of cellular communication network which is based on the MIMO-OFDM transmission technique. The core idea is the combination of a self-organized beamforming approach with opportunistic scheduling algorithms. In the considered system, different beams are formed and grouped together. The space-time-frequency resources are then allocated to MTs by intelligent scheduling methods such that mobile terminals are assigned resources when a high instantaneous SINR is observed. Beside a fixed beamforming technique, an adaptive use of beams is also pursued. The performance of the system proposal is quantitatively assessed in terms of system throughput.
Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study

Objectives To compare the performance of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in detecting type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish (born in Iraq/Iran) origin migrants and Finns. Design and participants Cross-sectional study comparing health examination survey data of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants (n=917) aged 30–64 years who took part in the Migrant Health and Wellbeing Survey with the general Finnish population in the Health 2011 Survey (n=887). Participants were randomly selected from the National Population Register. Setting Six cities in Finland, where a substantial majority of migrants live. Outcome measures Anthropometric measures included objectively measured BMI, WHtR, WC and WHR. Type 2 diabetes was defined based on self-report, laboratory measures of glycated haemoglobin and register data. Test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curves, using area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy. Results Among Finns, test performance was highest for WC (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.87) and WHtR (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87). Test performance was similar for BMI (AUC=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.92), WC (AUC=0.79, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and WHtR (AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93) among Russians. WC and WHtR had highest test performance also among Somali (AUC=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.84 for WC and AUC=0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.85 for WHtR) and Kurds (AUC=0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.81 for WC and AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80 for WHtR). Among migrants, WHR had the poorest test performance. Conclusion WC and WHtR performed overall the best across all study groups, however, accuracy of detection was lower particularly among Somali and Kurds. Currently used diabetes risk assessment tools assume a strong association between anthropometrics and diabetes. These tools need to be validated among non-Western populations.
I-scan optical enhancement for the in vivo prediction of diminutive colorectal polyp histology: Results from a prospective three-phased multicentre trial

Background and aims Dye-less chromoendoscopy is an emerging technology for colorectal polyp characterization. Herein, we investigated whether the newly introduced I-scan optical enhancement (OE) can accurately predict polyp histology in vivo in real-time. Methods In this prospective three-phased study, 84 patients with 230 diminutive colorectal polyps were included. During the first two study phases, five endoscopists assessed whether analysis of polyp colour, surface and vascular pattern under i-scan OE can differentiate in vivo between adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Finally, junior and experienced endoscopists (JE, EE, each n = 4) not involved in the prior study phases made a post hoc diagnosis of polyp histology using a static i-scan OE image database. Histopathology was used as a gold-standard in all study phases. Results The overall accuracy of i-scan OE for histology prediction was 90% with a sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative prediction value (NPV) of 91%, 90%, 86% and 94%, respectively. In high confidence predictions, the diagnostic accuracy increased to 93% with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 94%, 91%, 89% and 96%. Colonoscopy surveillance intervals were predicted correctly in ≥ 90% of patients. In the post hoc analysis EE predicted polyp histology under i-scan OE with an overall accuracy of 91%. After a single training session, JE achieved a comparable diagnostic performance for predicting polyp histology with i-scan OE. Conclusion The histology of diminutive colorectal polyps can be accurately predicted with i-scan OE in vivo in real-time. Furthermore, polyp differentiation with i-scan OE appears to require only a short learning curve.
Women in the boardroom and fraud: Evidence from Australia

We examine the relationship between women’s representation on corporate boards and fraud. Drawing on a discussion of existing studies, we hypothesise that increasing women’s representation on boards can help mitigate fraud. We provide validation to our conjecture through an empirical analysis of 128 publicly listed companies in Australia. We show that the increase in women’s representation on company boards is associated with a decreased probability of fraud. We demonstrate the consistency of this result across different robustness checks. We believe that our findings could be of interest to policy makers interested in enhancing board governance and monitoring.
Time-Scheduled Network Evaluation Based on Interference

Industrial IoT applications often require both dependability and flexibility from the underlying networks. Restructuring production lines brings topological changes that directly affect the interference levels per link. When a scheduled network, e.g. IEEE802.15. 4-TSCH (Time Synchronized Channel Hopping), is used to ensure dependability in low-power networks, rescheduling of transmissions is needed to re-establish effective and reliable end-to-end communication. Typical approaches focus on either centralized or distributed schedulers with little attention drawn on how the chosen solution would perform compared to other solutions or in different topologies. In this work, we introduce the concept of online assessment of TSCH schedules and present an automated method for evaluating schedules taking into consideration the internal interference and conflicts. The network and its TSCH schedule are mapped to a common representation, the interference graph, easy to analyze. Experiment results suggest that this evaluation method reflects the performance of the network when measured by packet reception ratio, end to end delivery ratio, and latency.
A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

With the ceaseless usage of web and other online services, it has turned out that copying, sharing, and transmitting digital media over the Internet are amazingly simple. Since the text is one of the main available data sources and most widely used digital media on the Internet, the significant part of websites, books, articles, daily papers, and so on is just the plain text. Therefore, copyrights protection of plain texts is still a remaining issue that must be improved in order to provide proof of ownership and obtain the desired accuracy. During the last decade, digital watermarking and steganography techniques have been used as alternatives to prevent tampering, distortion, and media forgery and also to protect both copyright and authentication. This paper presents a comparative analysis of information hiding techniques, especially on those ones which are focused on modifying the structure and content of digital texts. Herein, various text watermarking and text steganography techniques characteristics are highlighted along with their applications. In addition, various types of attacks are described and their effects are analyzed in order to highlight the advantages and weaknesses of current techniques. Finally, some guidelines and directions are suggested for future works.
English Auctions with Loss Averse Bidders

A lot of experimental evidence document that people are loss averse and that the compensation that they require to give up a possession of a good is higher than the amounts they agree to pay to get this possession. This paper analyzes how optimal English auction design changes when we take people's loss aversion into account. It shows that the order in which bidders place their bids does matter and that the first bidder always has an advantage. We analyze how the choice between English and second-price sealed-bid auctions and the optimal reserve price in the English auction depend on the degree of bidders' loss aversion and on seller's valuation of the object. We show that it might be optimal for a seller to set a reserve price below his own valuation of the object. We also show that a seller who wants to maximize his expected revenue should implement the open-bid English auction.
A wireless control plane for deploying SDN in data center networks

As a promising technology for newly emerging computing paradigms, like edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT), Software Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention since 2008. SDN enables centralized network management, mobility supporting, security enhancement and quality of service promotion through separating control and data flows. Data centers (DCs) are treated as an ideal deploying scenarios for SDN since they are usually owned or maintained by single entities. Therefore, many newly constructed DC Networks (DCNs) adopt SDN paradigm to enable flexible and reliable network service. However, applying SDN to already-running DCs is not straightforward since it is very hard for us to deploy SDN without disrupting existing network service or introducing complex wiring. In this paper, a wireless control plane for DCN is put forward based on introducing 60GHz wireless links into DCs to enable incremental deployment of SDN in the DCs. A spanning tree algorithm for constructing the control plane is presented which can efficiently connect racks without incurring high cost. Moreover, to reduce the transmission delay in the control plane, a betweenness centrality-based controller placement method is presented. Compared with traditional wire-only methods, our wireless solution can achieve higher performance with low cost. To evaluate the performance of our control plane, a series of simulation experiments have been conducted on NS3. Experimental results have shown that the proposed control plane could efficiently reduce the one-way delay as well as the completion time of the control flows.
Performance of Alamouti coding in real measured UHF channels

The application of space-time/frequency coding is an interesting means to mitigate fading effects in terrestrial channels. Therefore, the well-known Alamouti scheme was introduced to the DVB-T2 standard. However, there have not been any measurements so far analysing the achievable gains using MIMO-schemes for broadcasting in UHF channels. Thus, extensive measurements have been performed. The obtained data was then used to feed a simulation chain for simulating the potential benefits of Alamouti coding in the measured channel. The created simulation results show significant gain for the application of Alamouti in DVB-T2.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research in Veterinary Medicine.

BACKGROUND The researchers working in the field of medical, veterinary and other biological sciences have uniformly described unique characteristic features of stem cells including selfrenewal, prolonged multiplication, immuno-modulation and multi-lineage differentiation. These characteristics of stem cells have opened new horizons in cellular therapy for the management of numerous incurable diseases in human and veterinary patients. Though the mechanisms involved in reparative processes may be similar, the indication for the stem cell therapy may be disparate in human and veterinary subjects. OBJECTIVE Among various stem cell types, currently mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extensively studied in regenerative medicine owing to their readily available sources, easy harvesting and ability to differentiate both into mesodermal as well as non-mesodermal tissues under specific culture conditions with little associated ethical issues. The objective of the study was to analyze and summarize the studies and their results pertaining to the basic biology of stem cells, preclinical trials and their potential therapeutic application in veterinary medicine. RESULTS MSCs have been variably isolated, cultured and characterized from almost all the body tissues and fetal membranes in domestic and pet animals. The cells have been studied in numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies, in addition, to lab animal models. The results although are promising but need further extensive research studies before the cellular application becomes a clinical reality in veterinary medicine. CONCLUSION The current review throws some light on different aspects of mesenchymal stem cells like sources, isolation, characterization and their potential therapeutic applications in farm and pet animals.
A Method of Detecting Abnormal Crowd Behavior Events Applied in Air Patrol Robot

When the ground or air patrol robot monitors a certain area, one of the important intelligent functions is to estimate the crowd density of the monitored area. This paper analyzes the crowd density estimation algorithm, and use a Gaussian process regression model for crowd density estimation. Through the crowd density estimation and changes, we can detect abnormal behavior events of the crowd. The method can not only estimate the population density of the specified area, but also analyze and detect the abnormal behavior events of the crowd. This application provides an important technical support for enhancing the patrol robot monitoring effect.
High individual repeatability and population differentiation in stable isotope ratios in winter-grown collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis feathers

For migrants, we often lack complete information of their spatial distribution year round. Here, we used stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotope ratios extracted from feathers grown at the wintering sites of the long-distance migratory collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, to study how individuals from different breeding populations are distributed at the wintering sites. A sub-sample of birds was also sampled in two consecutive years to test for the repeatability of isotope ratios. Birds from the same breeding populations had more similar isotope ratios compared to birds from other nearby populations (10-100 km apart). Furthermore, isotope repeatability within individuals was high, implying that the observed pattern of isotope variation is consistent between years. We put forward two hypotheses for these patterns; 1) strong wintering site philopatry and migratory connectivity, suggesting that migratory connectivity may potentially be found on a much smaller spatial scale than previously considered, and 2) consistent interpopulation differentiation of feeding ecology at their wintering site.
Occurrence and Antibiogram of Escherichia Coli O 157 : H 7 in Locally Fermented Milk ( Nono ) Sold Under Market Conditions in Nasarawa State , Nigeria

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a newly emerging pathogen frequently associated with the consumption of food of bovine origin. Severe and life threatening human diseases caused by E. coli O157:H7 strains have been reported throughout the world. This present study evaluated the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in locally-fermented milk (nono) sold under market conditions in Nasarawa State, Nigeria and the patterns of their antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 420 nono samples were purchased across Nasarawa State. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed in the laboratory for the presence of E. coli O157:H7 by means of cultural techniques (enrichment on modified tryptone soy broth and selective plating on Cefixime-Tellurite Sorbitol Mac-Conkey Agar), biochemical (Microbact 12E) and serological assays. Oxoid diagnostic kit; latex (R30959601) was used to confirm E. coli O157:H7 respectively. Confirmed isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the Agar disc diffusion technique. The results of the study showed that out of 420 nono samples examined, 19 (4.5%) were contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Among samples examined, the highest occurrence rate (5.7%) was recorded in samples obtained from Akwanga, Wamba and Doma Local Government Areas while Lafia and Keffi had the least occurrence rate (2.9%). With respect to the senatorial zones, Nasarawa North had the highest occurrence rate of 5.7% while the Southern zone had the least (3.6%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from nono samples with respect to the various Local Government Areas. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, except ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, resulting in nine different resistance patterns. All the nineteen (100%) of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, 18 (94.7%) to erythromycin, 16 (84.2%) to amoxicillin, oxacillin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 13 (68.4%) to chloramphenicol and 8 (42.1%) to streptomycin. 15 (78.9%) and 17 (89.5%) of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was penicillin-tetracycline-chloramphenicol-amoxycilin-erythromycin-oxacillin-sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim with the occurrence rate of 36.8% from samples obtained from Wamba, Doma, Kokona and Keffi. Nono consumption has potential health risks to consumers in Nasarawa State, hence proper hygiene in the process-line and marketing of nono is recommended. The multiple antimicrobial resistance exhibited by E. coli O157:H7 strains in this study is an indication of possible antibiotic abuse.