Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-based Health Research: Issues and Methods

So many, 11 of 14, contributors to this volume are from the Atlanta area that I expected this book to speak with a Southern drawl. That it does not attests to how much this metropolis, growing in kudzu-fashion, has changed. This element of profound change is also a major motif in the 10 chapters collected by the editors to promote community-based health research as a mechanism for addressing historic wrongs. The book is aptly titled and subtitled. Former Surgeon General David Satcher writes in a concise but illuminating foreword, "Community-based research is where medicine, public health, and science meet. " In the opening chapter, Daniel Blumenthal and Elleen Yancey herald the arrival of a "new paradigm" in which community members become full partners with "culturally competent" researchers. To them, community-based research is population centered, prevention focused, multidisciplinary, collaborative, enlightening, and empowering. Caswell Evans follows by adding "evidence-based" assessments, findings, and guidance to the mix. In chapter 3, Bill Jenkins, Camara Jones, and Blumenthal address some of the ethical issues related to community-based research by describing, analyzing, and drawing lessons from the Tuskegee syphilis study. Culturally and linguistically diverse voices from the community are heard in chapter 4. Attention shifts from issues to methods in the last 6 chapters of the book. In textbook fashion, Nabih R. Asal and Laura A. Beebe distinguish observational studies from experimental designs in chapter 5 and remind the reader of the importance of person, place, and time in epidemiologic investigations. The strengths and weaknesses of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System are illustrated by Deborah Holtzman in chapter 6. Qualitative research methods are described in chapter 7 and applied to a case study of 45 African-American, female crack-cocaine users in chapter 8. Community intervention trials are introduced and a half dozen are reviewed in chapter 9. Then the book rather abruptly ends with a short chapter on cardiovascular risk-reduction community intervention trials. Instructors looking for a graduate-level textbook may find this recent addition to the preventive medicine literature incomplete. It fails to link community-based research with theories of social and cultural change; the principles and practices of community mobilization; and the identification, development, implementation, and evaluation of culturally competent interventions. The editors have produced an adequate introduction to community-based research issues and methods, but a concluding section that serves to pull all the components together would put additional copies of this publication in college bookstores.
Adaptive market place for converged cloud computing model

Next generation cloud computing architecture is envisioned to be built on advanced self-serviced and converged infrastructure with high adaptability. As a result, there is a growing interest on cloud value added services. Platform and brokering services enable functionalities to address these challenges. This paper identifies the ecosystem in a converged cloud computing model that binds together infrastructure and platform service in a common market place. In the model, resources are organized in a virtual container and delivered to users in a holistic manner. Our work presents a business model in which additional value is created from the interaction and transactions of various virtual service actors. Results obtained from experiment conducted on private cloud shows the strength of our model in increasing the aggregate revenue and achieving a stable response time.
Java Needs Compound Types Martin Büchi

We propose to extend the Java type system with a new construction: compound types, compositions of a class and any number of interfaces. Java users will benefit from the type system’s increased expressiveness, resulting in more kinds of errors being statically excludable. Compound types are particularly beneficial when several independently predefined standards need to be considered, as typically required by component software. Compound types are a strict extension of Java, i.e., existing programs need not to be modified. Our proposal can be implemented using the existing Java Virtual Machine. Our scientific contribution is a new combination of name and structural type equivcalence, which our Java extension exemplifies. Type matching is decided by structural comparison of compositions of named types; the latter being only compatible if explicitly declared so. This concept is applicable to several other languages than Java, as well. We support the feasibility of our proposal by a formal and mechanically verified proof of the extended type system’s soundness.
Simultaneous photometric invariance and shape recovery

In this paper, we identify the constraints under which the generally ill-posed problem of simultaneous recovery of surface shape and its photometric invariants can be rendered tractable. We examine the cases where a single or more images are acquired using different lighting directions with known illuminant power. Given these conditions, we state the constraints upon which the recovery of the surface geometry and its photometric parameters can be estimated. With these constraints, we then show how the recovery process may be formulated as an optimisation algorithm which aims to fit the reflectance models under study to the image reflectance. The approach presented here is general and can be applied to a family of reflectance models that are based on the Fresnel reflection theory. Thus, we provide a theoretical and computational background for recovering shape, material index of refraction and microscopic roughness from multi-spectral images.
Squeezing the collective spin of a dilute atomic ensemble by cavity feedback

We propose and analyze a simple method to squeeze dynamically and unconditionally the collective spin of a dilute atomic ensemble by interaction with a driven mode of an optical resonator, as recently demonstrated [I. D. Leroux, M. H. Schleier-Smith, and V. Vuletic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 073602 (2010)]. We show that substantial squeezing can be achieved in the regime of strong collective ensemble-resonator coupling. The squeezing is ultimately limited either by photon emission into free space or by the curvature of the Bloch sphere. We derive both limits and show where each prevails.
Never the twain shall meet? Quantitative psychological researchers’ perspectives on qualitative research

The aim of this article was to provide a quantitative researchers’ perspective on qualitative research applied to sport and exercise psychology. Specifically, we aimed to identify some of the ‘problems’ that researchers adopting a predominantly quantitative, ‘natural science’ approach to psychological phenomena in psychology have with qualitative approaches. In addition, we also identified, as researchers from a predominantly background, the merits of adopting multi-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods in psychological research in sport and exercise psychology. We identified four potential ‘problems’ that quantitative researchers have with qualitative research: it is ‘atheoretical’, not sufficiently rigorous, lacks ‘objectivity’ and is not generalisable. We argue that many of these ‘problems’ arise from uninformed prejudice and that many studies in quantitative research are also subject to the perceived ‘problems’ levelled at qualitative research. In conclusion, we provide advocacy for multi-method approaches using qualitative methods to inform quantitative research and provide examples from the psychological literature such as the development of psychometric measures. We also encourage quantitative researchers to examine the potential merits of integrating qualitative approaches in their research to provide a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon of interest.
Lake Level Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network with Adaptive Activation Function Gülay TEZEL

This paper presents new neural network structure with adaptive activation function (AAFNN) to determine lake level fluctuation. The proposed structure is based on the multi layer perceptron (MLP), the most common neural network algorithm. The achievement of AAFNN was compared MLP using monthly observation data set consists of incoming and outgoing discharges evaporation, rainfall, in terms of common performance criteria such as MAE, MSE, RMSE and determination coefficient. In these structures, they are used adaptive activation functions with free parameters. As a result, the success of both algorithms was close to each other. However the stability of AAFNN was higher than MLP with regard to learning rate and the number of hidden neurons. Keywords—MLP, adaptive activation function, lake level
Tamper-Proof Image Watermarking, Based on Existing Public Key Infrastructure

The paper describes methods for generating image watermark for asymmetric key based watermark embedding and detection scheme in wavelet domain. The proposed method combines DWT-based watermarking and the ability to verify watermark using reliable methods of asymmetric coding. The watermark scheme is developed to be directly incorporated into JPEG2000 image coding standard, while it can be used in existing image coding standards. In presented watermarking method the application of public key infrastructure is emphasized . We use PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) public key management scheme as the element for verification of sender's identity and also place of storing and retrieval of watermark detection keys. The most public key watermarking schemes use new, independent and cryptologically unverified keys. The reuse existing key verification and exchange infrastructure provides us cryptologically strong and verified keys.
Process-oriented investigation of snow accumulation, snowmelt and runoff generation in forested sites in Finland

This thesis summarises development and application of a hydrological model for simulating forest canopy processes, snow accumulation and melt, soil and ground water interactions, and streamflow routing. A motivation behind the model development is to outline a methodology for predicting the influence of land use changes on catchment hydrological processes. In addition, the development aims at providing linkages from the hydrological model to atmospheric models through implementation of surface energy balance and to water quality models through quantification of runoff components. The work started with comparison of two existing snow energy balance models using meteorological and snow data from Northern Finland. Based on the comparison the more simple of the tested snow parameterisations was modified to improve its performance in terms of snow heat balance simulation. The modified snow model was then coupled with a canopy scheme to account for the influence of forest on snow processes. The combined model was applied to clear-cut and coniferous forest sites in Southern Finland to identify the differences in snow mass and energy fluxes between open and forest. Finally, runoff generation in a forested catchment (Rudback, 0.18 km) was studied by using two different parameterisations. First, the catchment was parameterised as a three-dimensional domain, and secondly, as a vertical two-dimensional hillslope. The models produced similar results in terms of fit against measured daily streamflow, but the computed runoff components were different. Independent calibration of hydrological submodels yielded a more realistic partition of runoff into surface and subsurface components than did calibration merely against streamflow data. It is proposed that the hillslope model can be used to simulate runoff generation in each possibly non-contiguous area that is similar in terms of its land-use. A system where a set of such models is combined together can be used to quantify runoff contributions from pre-classified areas of different land-use, and constitutes a tool for studying hydrological impacts of land use changes.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Shooting Test System

With the continuous development of science and technology in recent years, computers have been applied gradually in all fields. In physical education, automatic shooting test system is widely applied. In the paper, single chip microcomputer basket automatic shooting test system is taken as object of study. The system can clearly show, print and record scores. With the continuous promotion of technical system, the system plays an important role in physical educa- tion. It overcomes the disadvantages of original manual test, can effectively prevent fraudulent practices, and lays a solid foundation for boosting scientific and informationalized development of sports test. This paper will take the application of the system as the focus of study and make detailed analysis on the design and implementation of the system.
Boosting Performance and Scalability in Cloud-deployed Databases

Eventual consistency improves the scalability of large datasets in cloud systems. We propose a novel technique for managing different levels of replica consistency in a replicated relational DBMS. To this end, data is partitioned and managed by a partial replication protocol that is able to define a hierarchy of nodes with a lazy update propagation. Nodes in different layers of the hierarchy may maintain different versions of their assigned partitions. Transactions are tagged with an allowance parameter k that specifies the maximum degree of data outdatedness tolerated by them. As a result, different degrees of transaction criticality can be set and non-critical transactions may be completed without blocking nor compromising the critical ones.
Energy detection using very large antenna array receivers

We propose the use of energy detection for single stream transmission and reception by a very large number of antennas, with primary application to millimeter wave communications. The reason for applying energy detection is low complexity, cost and power efficiency. While both energy detection and millimeter wave communications are limited to short ranges due respectively to noise sensitivity and propagation attenuation, processing by a large number of receive antennas overcomes those shortcomings to provide significant reach extension. This processing is solely based on long-term statistics of the channel and noise, making it robust to user mobility and imperfect channel knowledge.
Upper Limb Kinematics Using Inertial and Magnetic Sensors: Comparison of Sensor-to-Segment Calibrations

Magneto-Inertial Measurement Unit sensors (MIMU) display high potential for the quantitative evaluation of upper limb kinematics, as they allow monitoring ambulatory measurements. The sensor-to-segment calibration step, consisting of establishing the relation between MIMU sensors and human segments, plays an important role in the global accuracy of joint angles. The aim of this study was to compare sensor-to-segment calibrations for the MIMU-based estimation of wrist, elbow, and shoulder joint angles, by examining trueness (“close to the reference”) and precision (reproducibility) validity criteria. Ten subjects performed five sessions with three different operators. Three classes of calibrations were studied: segment axes equal to technical MIMU axes (TECH), segment axes generated during a static pose (STATIC), and those generated during functional movements (FUNCT). The calibrations were compared during the maximal uniaxial movements of each joint, plus an extra multi-joint movement. Generally, joint angles presented good trueness and very good precision in the range 5°–10°. Only small discrepancy between calibrations was highlighted, with the exception of a few cases. The very good overall accuracy (trueness and precision) of MIMU-based joint angle data seems to be more dependent on the level of rigor of the experimental procedure (operator training) than on the choice of calibration itself.
Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias.

In addition to personal self-esteem, we propose that there is a second type of self-esteem, collective self-esteem. People who are high in trait collective self-esteem should be more likely to react to threats to collective self-esteem by derogating outgroups and enhanging the ingroup. In a study using the minimal intergroup paradigm, trait personal and collective self-esteem were measured, and subjects received information about the average performance of their group. We conclude that collective self-esteem is an individual difference variable that may moderate the attempt to maintain a positive social identity. The relation between collective and personal self-esteem is discussed
Bus-based Anonymous Multicast in Peer-to-Peer Overlay

Peer-to-peer overlay is self-organized by individual hosts in the Internet. The overlay usually serves for collaboration-oriented applications and necessitates group communication. Consequently, anonymity is demanded in scenarios such as military, government applications for privacy protection. It prevents communicating party identity from being revealed by others. In this paper we propose Bus-based anonymous multicast upon peer-to-peer overlay, which delivers message from originator to consumers anonymously. The Bus rotates over an Euler tour formed by hosts and takes intentional messages to respective consumers. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that bus-based anonymous multicast gets higher anonymity level comparing to existing ones.
Interviewing: Two Sides of the Story.

This article presents ‐‐ in two voices ‐‐ the experiences of participants in a series of life‐story interviews. It relates some discoveries about the demands of life‐story interview research. Technical and ethical issues are discussed, as well as the affective and cognitive dimensions of the experience. Through this presentation of two perspectives, the participants demonstrate some of the differences in what matters, and when it matters, depending on which side of the research story is being told.
Conflict management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: a participatory approach

This paper introduces an alternative approach to conflict management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta region, the crude oil bearing region of Nigeria, has witnessed an unprecedented spate of violent conflicts in the recent past, and all efforts to quell the conflict seem to have failed to yield the desired results. The proposed approach is based on collaborative problem-solving methodology to conflict management. Not only does this approach obviate the inherent problems of the control and adversarial method that has hitherto been adopted by government and other stakeholders in the Niger Delta; it gives participants an equal chance to express their views, generate options and influence the final decision. The paper however recognises that the participatory approach is not completely flawless. It requires very careful planning, determination on the part of all stakeholders as well as highly skilled facilitators.
Load-Balance Directed Diffusion in Wireless Sensor Networks

How to reduce the sensor node power consumption in wireless sensor networks is one of the important research issues. Many routing protocols based on the directed diffusion have been proposed to improve the network performance. Most of them calculate the gradient relied on power-related information and hop count, but do not maintain the selected path. In this paper, we propose a new path switching mechanism which automatically switches on the routes based on the known gradient information to achieve load balance.
Migrant caregiving for family members with mild cognitive impairment: an ethnographic study

Background: Migrant families caring for family members with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) face considerable socioeconomic burden and isolation. Aim: To examine the cultural needs, beliefs and health seeking behaviours of migrant Turkish family member caregivers. Design: An ethnographic approach was used employing in depth interviews. Methods: Turkish caregivers residing in Melbourne, Australia were purposively sampled. Ten participants undertook face-to-face interviews in Turkish and English, followed by coding, transcription and thematic analysis. Results: Common themes were: (i) characteristics of MCI; (ii) care complicates our lives; (iii) beneficial coping strategies; (iv) adherence to cultural beliefs; (v) an uncertain future; (vi) interfacing with community health providers: need to understand Turkish culture (vii) need for long-term support. Migrant caregivers voiced undergoing considerable stress exacerbated by their cultural obligations. Conclusions: Establishing ethnically appropriate community support groups and advocating for a health workforce tier of representative migrant health care workers is recommended as a new role for community nurses.
Narayanan large-scale analyses biologist-friendly A framework for collaborative analysis of ENCODE data : Making data

data Supplementary http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/960/DC1 "Supplemental Research Data" References http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/960#otherarticles Article cited in: http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/960#References This article cites 16 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genome Research Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the Notes
Cross talk countermeasures in inductive inter-chip wireless superconnect

Inductive coupling among stacked chips in a package enables 1.2 Gb/s/channel data communications. An array arrangement of the channel increases data bandwidth, while the signal may be degraded by cross talk. In this paper, cross talk is measured and analyzed, and cross talk countermeasures are discussed for the first time. Received signal waveforms by the inductive coupling are measured by embedded voltage detectors on a test chip. The interference-to-signal ratio (ISR) has good agreement between the measurements and calculations from a theoretical model. It is found that cross talk is reduced to being negligibly small at a certain distance. If the channels are arranged at intervals of this distance, ISR is minimized. A technique based on time division multiple access (TDMA) is also proposed to further reduce cross talk.
Diving development in nursing harbour seal pups.

This study investigated physiological and behavioural aspects of diving development in pups of the harbour seal Phoca vitulina. Behavioural data (4280 h, 6027 dives) from time/depth recorders (N=13) deployed on pups aged 0-19 days are presented concomitantly with physiological measurements (N=8, sampled both early and late in the nursing period) of blood oxygen stores and body composition. Pups grew from 12.6+/-1.8 kg (mean age 2 days, total body fat 16+/-4 %) to 22.2+/-2.5 kg (mean age 16 days, total body fat 35+/-5 %; means +/- S.D.) over the duration of the experiment. Pups less than 5 days of age had an elevated haematocrit and reduced plasma volume compared with older pups. Although plasma volume and blood volume increased, mass-specific blood oxygen stores (total haemoglobin) fell during the study period. Simultaneously, the following behavioural indicators of diving ability increased: the proportion of time spent in the water, dive depth, dive duration, bottom time and maximum daily swimming velocity. In addition, the proportion of dives that were identified by cluster analyses as being U-shaped increased significantly with age. On the basis of the measured blood oxygen stores, less than 1 % of the recorded dives exceeded the calculated aerobic dive limit. Thus, development in blood oxygen stores or rates of oxygen consumption did not seem to restrain the rate of neonatal dive development in harbour seals. It appears that behavioural modifications (experience and learning) may be the primary rate-limiting factors for ontogeny of diving skills in neonates of this species.