Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of tumors in humans using 67Ga-citrate and the Anger whole-body scanner, scintillation camera and tomographic scanner.

The Anger whole-body scanner (3), scintillation camera (4) and tomographic scanner (5) have been described previously. Carrier-free Â°TGa-citratecorn plex was prepared in a fashion identical to that described in another publication (2). Each patient received approximately 4 mCi of the 67Ga-citrate added to 150 ml of normal saline and administered intravenously over a 15â€”30-min interval. In se lected patients, the distribution of the 67Ga in the body was visualized daily following its adrninistra tion. In most patients, however, the distribution of the 67Ga was visualized 2â€”6days after its adminis tration. Visualization of the Â°TGa by the Anger scm tillation camera, whole-body scanner and tomo graphic scanner was performed at a variety of window settings corresponding to each of the major gamma emission peaks of gallium [0.296 MeV (22%), 0.184 MeV (24%) and 0.093 MeV (40% )] to evaluate the optimum gamma emission for visualization with the three instruments. All peaks gave acceptable results with the scintillation camera but in general with this instrument we used the 0.093 MeV peak because of the associated higher counting rate. A window including 0. 184 and 0.296 MeV peaks was used with the tomoscanner and the whole-body scanner. All patients had established diagnoses of malig nant neoplasia before the study.
Program circuit for a phase change memory array with 2 MB/s write throughput for embedded applications

A flexible program circuit for chalcogenide non-volatile memories was developed within a 4Mb ePCM (embedded phase change memory) implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The proposed architecture ensures adaptability with respect to process variations and is fully compatible with a single pulse approach or a multiple pulse algorithm for multi-level operation. In the former a write throughput of 2 MB/s is achieved.
Cognitive characterization of children with Dravet syndrome: A neurodevelopmental perspective

Dravet syndrome (DS) is an epilepsy of infantile onset, usually related to a mutation in gene sodium channel alpha 1 subunit, that leads to different typological seizures before the first year of life. Although most research has focused on the clinical description of the syndrome, some recent studies have focused on its impact on cognitive development, identifying both motor disorders and visual-processing deficits as basic factors affected in adults and children with DS. In this article, we designed a cross-sectional study to examine the cognitive phenotype of children affected by DS from a neurodevelopmental perspective. We report measures for both basic (auditory perception, visual and phonological processing, motor coordination) and higher order cognitive processes (verbal production, categorization, and executive function) in two age groups of DS children (M = 8.8 and M = 14.1) and control children of the same chronological age. Results showed an important cognitive delay in DS children with respect to controls in both basic and higher order cognitive abilities, with a better general outcome in tasks that required processing visual material (visual memory and categorization) than in tasks involving verbal material. In addition, performance of DS children in certain basic tasks (visual memory) correlated with performance on complex ones (categorization). These findings encourage promoting an early identification of not only clinical but also cognitive features in DS children from very early stages of development in order to optimize their neurodevelopmental outcome.
Reinforcing safety , with style : exploring reward shaping through human feedback Category : Theory & Reinforcement Learning

As machine learning technology is progressing at a fast pace and applications become increasingly sophisticated and impactful, ensuring safety is becoming an ever more important and challenging aspect of algorithm design. A well known difficulty in reinforcement learning applications is correctly and accurately specifying a reward function such that it would lead to learning the desired behaviour [1] . As the explored solution space in current RL applications can be extremely large, a poor or incompletely specified reward function can result in the learning process optimising for behaviour loopholes which may be difficult for humans to anticipate.
Adhesive Surface Proteins of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Bind to Polystyrene, Fibronectin, and Type I and IV Collagens

ABSTRACT Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans. We found two adhesive surface proteins of E. rhusiopathiae and determined the nucleotide sequences of the genes, which were colocalized and designated rspA and rspB. The two genes were present in all of the serovars of E. rhusiopathiae strains examined. The deduced RspA and RspB proteins contain the C-terminal anchoring motif, LPXTG, which is preceded by repeats of consensus amino acid sequences. The consensus sequences are composed of 78 to 92 amino acids and repeat 16 and 3 times in RspA and RspB, respectively. Adhesive surface proteins of other gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes adhesin-like protein, Streptococcus pyogenes protein F2 and F2-like protein, Streptococcus dysgalactiae FnBB, and Staphylococcus aureus Cna, share the same consensus repeats. Furthermore, the N-terminal regions of RspA and RspB showed characteristics of the collagen-binding domain that was described for Cna. RspA and RspB were expressed in Escherichia coli as histidine-tagged fusion proteins and purified. The recombinant proteins showed a high degree of capacity to bind to polystyrene and inhibited the binding of E. rhusiopathiae onto the abiotic surface in a dose dependent manner. In a solid-phase binding assay, both of the recombinant proteins bound to fibronectin, type I and IV collagens, indicating broad spectrum of their binding ability. It was suggested that both RspA and RspB were exposed on the cell surface of E. rhusiopathiae, as were the bacterial cells agglutinated by the anti-RspA immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-RspB IgG. RspA and RspB were present both in surface-antigen extracts and the culture supernatants of E. rhusiopathiae Fujisawa-SmR (serovar 1a) and SE-9 (serovar 2). The recombinant RspA, but not RspB, elicited protection in mice against experimental challenge. These results suggest that RspA and RspB participate in initiation of biofilm formation through their binding abilities to abiotic and biotic surfaces.
Entanglement and its role on the capacity of noisy two-Pauli channels

The discovery of super dense coding paved the way for future quantum communications that exploit the power of entanglement. The protocol lets users communicate two classical bits using a pre-shared entangled pair of qubits called a Bell pair. However, the protocol assumes that a noiseless channel exists between end users. Moreover, perfect Bell pairs may not always be created in any experimental set up. We study the single shot communication properties of partially entangled Werner state and partially entangled pure bipartite states by considering the two-Pauli channel. The two-Pauli channel accommodates for both bit flips and phase flips that qubits may suffer during transmission. Quantification of entanglement is done via entanglement of formation and its dependence on capacity is analyzed.
Pinpointing a selective sweep to the chimpanzee MHC class I region by comparative genomics

Chimpanzees experienced a reduction of the allelic repertoire at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I A and B loci, which may have been caused by a retrovirus belonging to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) family. Extended MHC haplotypes were defined in a pedigreed chimpanzee colony. Comparison of genetic variation at microsatellite markers mapping inside and outside the Mhc region was carried out in humans and chimpanzees to investigate the genomic extent of the repertoire reduction. Multilocus demographic analyses underscored that chimpanzees indeed experienced a selective sweep that mainly targeted the chromosomal segment carrying the Mhc class I region. Probably due to genetic linkage, the sweep also affected other polymorphic loci, mapping in the close vicinity of the Mhc class I region genes. Nevertheless, although the allelic repertoire at particular Mhc class I and II loci appears to be limited, naturally occurring recombination events allowed the establishment of haplotype diversity after the sweep. However, recombination did not have sufficient time to erase the signal of the selective sweep.
Alcohol-related harm to others: a survey of physical and sexual assault in New Zealand.

AIM To describe the 12-month prevalence of physical and sexual assault, and the association of assault with drinking by the perpetrator. METHODS Population-based survey of 16,480 adult New Zealanders, using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). RESULTS Nearly 7% of men and 3% of women reported having been physically assaulted in the previous year, with 44% of these people having suffered more than one assault. One percent of women and 0.4% of men reported sexual assault, with 45% assaulted more than once. More than half of all physical assaults and sexual assaults involved a perpetrator who was reported to have been drinking. Perpetrators who had been drinking at the time were more likely to be strangers or other people outside the respondent's family, rather than relatives, and the assaults were less likely to have occurred inside the respondent's home, compared with assaults where the perpetrator was not drinking. Physical and sexual assaults were also associated with usual drinking patterns of the victims. CONCLUSION Alcohol use by someone other than the victim is involved in more than half of reported assaults. Our findings suggest that, in New Zealand, more than 62,000 physical assaults and 10,000 sexual assaults occur every year which involve a perpetrator who has been drinking. Of these, 10,500 incidents require medical attention and 17,000 involve police. This burden can be reduced using population-based strategies of demonstrated effectiveness.
Microstrip antenna circuit model and linear pattern correction

Mutual coupling, among other effects, causes the element patterns in an antenna array to be different. In the practical adaptive use of the array identical element patterns are usually expected. Linear pattern correction with matrix multiplication can be used to correct the array element inputs/outputs. In this paper, a multiport model for a microstrip array and a method to find the input circuit for its ports is presented for use in the array correction.
Cortical serotonin and norepinephrine denervation in parkinsonism: preferential loss of the beaded serotonin innervation

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is marked by prominent motor symptoms that reflect striatal dopamine insufficiency. However, non‐motor symptoms, including depression, are common in PD. It has been suggested that these changes reflect pathological involvement of non‐dopaminergic systems. We examined regional changes in serotonin (5‐HT) and norepinephrine (NE) systems in mice treated with two different 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment paradigms, at survival times of 3 or 16 weeks after the last MPTP injection. MPTP caused a decrease in striatal dopamine concentration, the magnitude of which depended on the treatment regimen and survival interval after MPTP treatment. There was significant involvement of other subcortical areas receiving a dopamine innervation, but no consistent changes in 5‐HT or NE levels in subcortical sites. In contrast, we observed an enduring decrease in 5‐HT and NE concentrations in both the somatosensory cortex and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Immunohistochemical studies also revealed a decrease in the density of PFC NE and 5‐HT axons. The decrease in the cortical serotonergic innervation preferentially involved the thick beaded but not smooth fine 5‐HT axons. Similar changes in the 5‐HT innervation of post‐mortem samples of the PFC from idiopathic PD cases were seen. Our findings point to a major loss of the 5‐HT and NE innervations of the cortex in MPTP‐induced parkinsonism, and suggest that loss of the beaded cortical 5‐HT innervation is associated with a predisposition to the development of depression in PD.
Length functions and parameterizations of Teichmüller space for surfaces with cusps

For g > 0 and m > 1 such that 2g-2+m > 1 let? g , m be the Teichmuller space of hyperbolic metrics on a surface of genus g with m punctures, and let ∂? g , m be its Thurston boundary. Using geodesic length functions, we construct a homeomorphism of? g , m U ∂? g , m onto a convex finite-sided polyhedron in RP 6 g - 6 + 2 m .
How the public responded to the Schiavo controversy: evidence from letters to editors

The history and genesis of major public clinical ethics controversies is intimately related to the publication of opinions and responses in media coverage. To provide a sample of public response in the media, this paper reports the results of a content analysis of letters to editors published in the four most prolific American newspapers for the Schiavo controversy. Opinions expressed in the letters sampled strongly supported the use of living wills and strongly condemned public attention to the case as well as political interventions. Letters tended to be against withdrawal of life support, proxy consent and associated procedures as well as against court decisions and legal procedures. In comparison with reports written by journalists, letters to editors contained fewer controversial claims about Schiavo''s neurological condition and behavioural repertoire but similar loaded language to describe withdrawal of life support. Distinct public discourses can be encountered in different stakeholders suggesting complex and extensive pluralism even within the media.
Identification of novel genes expressed during rhabdomyosarcoma differentiation using cDNA microarrays

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are highly aggressive tumors that are thought to arise as a consequence of the regulatory disruption of the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Normal myogenesis is characterized by the expression of the myogenic regulatory factor gene family but, despite their expression in RMS, these tumor cells fail to complete the latter stages of myogenesis. The RMS cell line RD‐A was treated with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate to induce differentiation and cultured for 10 days. RNA was extracted on days 1, 3, 6, 8 and 10. A human skeletal muscle cDNA microarray was developed and used to analyze the global gene expression of RMS tumors over the time‐course of differentiation. As a comparison, the genes identified were subsequently examined during the differentiated primary human skeletal muscle cultures. Prothymosin alpha (PTMA), and translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 (Tim10), two genes not previously implicated in RMS, showed reduced expression during differentiation. Marked differences in the expression of PTMA and Tim10 were observed during the differentiation of human primary skeletal muscle cells. These results identify several new genes with potential roles in the myogenic arrest present in rhabdomyosarcoma. PTMA expression in RMS biopsy samples might prove to be an effective diagnostic marker for this disease.
Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The ability to predict the mechanical properties of organic semiconductors is of critical importance for roll-to-roll production and thermomechanical reliability of organic electronic devices. Here, we describe the use of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to predict the density, tensile modulus, Poisson ratio, and glass transition temperature for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and its blend with C60. In particular, we show that the resolution of the coarse-grained model has a strong effect on the predicted properties. We find that a one-site model, in which each 3-hexylthiophene unit is represented by one coarse-grained bead, predicts significantly inaccurate values of density and tensile modulus. In contrast, a three-site model, with one coarse-grained bead for the thiophene ring and two for the hexyl chain, predicts values that are very close to experimental measurements (density = 0.955 g cm–3, tensile modulus = 1.23 GPa, Poisson ratio = 0.35, and glass transition temperature = 290 K). The m.
Single-Item vs Multiple-Item Measures of Stage of Change in Compliance with Prescribed Medications

The Stage of Change construct from the Transtheoretical Model of behavioral change has been widely utilized in the assessment of various health behaviors. The majority of these tests measure the Stage of Change construct using the single-item, multiple-choice format. This study validated the use of a single-item measure in measuring readiness to comply with taking a prescribed medication. A sample of 161 subjects tested the multiple-item Stage of Change measure, then a refined multiple-item survey was tested with 59 subjects. With the latter survey, discriminating subjects at the differing stages of change dimensions was difficult. A correlation of . 91 was found for stage classifications between ratings on the single-item and multiple-item scales. The use of the single-item measure seems reasonable when assessing stage of change in compliance with prescribed medication.
Residuals analysis of the generalized linear models for longitudinal data.

The generalized estimation equation (GEE) method, one of the generalized linear models for longitudinal data, has been used widely in medical research. However, the related sensitivity analysis problem has not been explored intensively. One of the possible reasons for this was due to the correlated structure within the same subject. We showed that the conventional residuals plots for model diagnosis in longitudinal data could mislead a researcher into trusting the fitted model. A non-parametric method, named the Wald-Wolfowitz run test, was proposed to check the residuals plots both quantitatively and graphically. The rationale proposedin this paper is well illustrated with two real clinical studies in Taiwan.
OF A COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT ( CETP ) TREATING TEXTILE WASTEWATERS IN INDIA

Several small scale industries have formed cooperatives and established Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) to treat wastewater in India. The wastewaters are subjected to primary treatment in the industry and thereafter discharged to be further treated at the CETPs. The management and treatment costs are shared by the member industries. The CETP under study is situated in North Western part of Rajasthan in Pali district. Pali has about 989 synthetic and cotton textile printing and dyeing units. The member industries generate wastewater containing a variety of chemicals, dyes, acids, alkalis besides other toxic heavy metals. In this study, performance of a CETP of capacity 1.5 Million Gallons per day wastewater from synthetic textile mills was evaluated. Four criteria viz. design, operation, maintenance and administration was deployed to evaluate the overall performance of CETP. Design data was collected from each unit operation of the CETP and adequacy of design was assessed using a scoring method. Actual operational efficiency of the CETP was evaluated by collecting samples (16 in all) at each stage of treatment. All samples were analyzed for 16 physico-chemical parameters. Administration capability and adequacy of maintenance systems were evaluated using questionnaires and by conducting staff interviews. The overall performance of the CETP was evaluated considering all the dimensions and accordingly recommendations were made for improving the performance. Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 24 (2) (2008) pp 111-121
Induction of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator by the anthracycline antibiotic in human RC‐K8 lymphoma and H69 lung‐carcinoma cells

Current evidence has suggested the possible involvement of ROS as signaling messengers in IL‐1β‐ or LPS‐induced gene expression. We previously reported that both IL‐1β and LPS induce uPA in RC‐K8 human lymphoma cells. Here, we provide evidence that ROS‐generating anthracycline antibiotics, including doxorubicin and aclarubicin, upregulate uPA expression in 2 human malignant cell lines, RC‐K8 and H69 small‐cell lung‐carcinoma cells. Both doxorubicin and aclarubicin markedly increased uPA accumulation in RC‐K8‐ and H69‐conditioned medium in a dose‐dependent manner. In each case, maximal induction was observed at a sublethal concentration, i.e., at a concentration where cell growth was slightly inhibited. Both doxorubicin and aclarubicin increased uPA mRNA levels, and induction in each case reached the maximal level 9 hr after stimulation. Doxorubicin barely changed the half‐life of uPA mRNA and activated uPA gene transcription. Antioxidants such as NAC and PDTC inhibited doxorubicin‐induced uPA mRNA accumulation. Microarray analysis, using Human Cancer CHIP version 2 (Takara Shuzo, Kyoto, Japan), in which 425 human cancer‐related genes were spotted on glass plates, revealed that uPA is 1 of 3 genes that were clearly upregulated in H69 cells by doxorubicin stimulation. These findings suggest that the anthracycline induces uPA in human malignant cells by activating gene transcription in which ROS may be involved. Therefore, by upregulating uPA expression, the anthracycline may influence many biologic cell functions mediated by the uPA/plasmin system. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of adding dietary caprylic acid on the bacterial population in the rabbit caecum and stomach.

The effect of dietary supplementation with caprylic acid on the bacterial population of the rabbit caecum and stomach was investigated using two different PCR-based methods: Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (TRFLP). Caprylic acid was added to the diet either in the form of 5 g/kg of the pure acid, or within Akomed R at 10 g/kg (with or without lipase at 10 g/kg). Rabbits fed ad libitum on their respective diets for 27 days before being euthanized and the digestive contents of the caecum and stomach removed for DNA analysis. Neither analytical method suggested a change in the bacterial populations in the stomach dependent on the feeding group of the animal (control, caprylic acid, Akomed R or Akomed R and lipase supplementation). However, the use of DGGE suggested that the caecal samples could be split into two groups; those with no additional fatty acid supplementation of the diet, or where lipase was added along with the fatty acids; and the other where there was caprylic acid added either in its pure form, or in conjunction with other fatty acids in the form of Akomed R supplementation. Furthermore, there was an apparent increase in the detectable biodiversity following supplementation with either caprylic acid or Akomed R. No such segregation between dietary regimes was detected by TRFLP analysis. This is suggestive of there being a shift in relative numbers of specific organisms (DGGE data) without this effect being restricted specifically to one large-scale taxonomic group of organisms (TRFLP data). Thus dietary supplementation with caprylic acid, either in a pure form, or in conjunction with other medium-chain fatty acids, has the ability to target specific groups of microbes, whilst allowing a relatively large-scale bacterial diversity to persist.