Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methylation of NR3C1 is related to maternal PTSD, parenting stress and maternal medial prefrontal cortical activity in response to child separation among mothers with histories of violence exposure

Prior research has shown that mothers with Interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD) report greater difficulty in parenting their toddlers. Relative to their frequent early exposure to violence and maltreatment, these mothers display dysregulation of their hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis), characterized by hypocortisolism. Considering methylation of the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 as a marker for HPA-axis functioning, with less methylation likely being associated with less circulating cortisol, the present study tested the hypothesis that the degree of methylation of this gene would be negatively correlated with maternal IPV-PTSD severity and parenting stress, and positively correlated with medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) activity in response to video-stimuli of stressful versus non-stressful mother–child interactions. Following a mental health assessment, 45 mothers and their children (ages 12–42 months) participated in a behavioral protocol involving free-play and laboratory stressors such as mother–child separation. Maternal DNA was extracted from saliva. Interactive behavior was rated on the CARE-Index. During subsequent fMRI scanning, mothers were shown films of free-play and separation drawn from this protocol. Maternal PTSD severity and parenting stress were negatively correlated with the mean percentage of methylation of NR3C1. Maternal mPFC activity in response to video-stimuli of mother–child separation versus play correlated positively to NR3C1 methylation, and negatively to maternal IPV-PTSD and parenting stress. Among interactive behavior variables, child cooperativeness in play was positively correlated with NR3C1 methylation. Thus, the present study is the first published report to our knowledge, suggesting convergence of behavioral, epigenetic, and neuroimaging data that form a psychobiological signature of parenting-risk in the context of early life stress and PTSD.
On the Optimality of a Family of Binary Trees

In this paper we present an analysis of the complexity of a class of algorithms. These algorithms recursively explore a binary tree and need to make two recursive calls for one of the subtrees and only one for the other. We derive the complexity of these algorithms in the worst and in the best case and show the tree structures for which these cases happen.
Archean banded iron-formations, Yilgarn Block, Western Australia

Banded iron-formation is a widely distributed although relatively minor lithology in the Archean Yilgarn Block, Western Australia, occurring in supracrustal sequences composed mainly of metamorphosed volcanogenic rocks in the northern and eastern parts of the Yilgarn Block and also in highly deformed and metamorphosed predominantly metasedimentary sequences in the gneissic terrain in the southwest. In the central part of the Yilgarn Block structural mapping and stratigraphic reconstruction indicates that individual banded iron-formation units extend over an area of at least 40 X 60 km and could extend over a much larger area. Most banded iron-formation units appear to be 5 to 50 m thick and units of 100 to 150 m are uncommon. Three scales of layering occur in iron-formation units: (a) interlayering of banded iron-formation and Fe shale. Fe shales range in thickness from several millimeters to 5 to 6 m; (b) mesobanding is the most prominent structure in the banded iron-formations; (c) millimeter scale laminations, including microbanding, occur in both banded iron-formation and Fe shales. Other structures in the banded iron-formation include pods, macules, and small spheroidal nodules. Despite modification by metamorphic and deformation processes which, among other effects, have caused thinning of mesobands, all the structures can readily be equated with those in the Hamersley Basin iron-formations. There is a wide range in metamorphic grade. At the lowest grades banded iron-formation contains quartz, magnetite, greenalite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, siderite, and ankerite. Fe shales contain chamosite, stilpnomelane, siderite, and pyrite. The highest grades are characterized by quartz-magnetite-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene in iron-formation and hornblende-almandine + or - biotite assemblages in Fe shale. Mineral assemblages are essentially identical to those in many metamorphosed Proterozoic iron-formations.The bulk chemical compositions of the Yilgarn Block iron-formations are very similar to other Precambrian iron-formations from very different stratigraphic settings. Fe shales have highly variable compositions characterized by a marked positive Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 correlation and high Cr contents.The similarity in the bulk chemical composition of iron-formations in the Yilgarn Block and other Precambrian sequences implies that deposition of these iron-formations occurred in very similar chemical environments. It is suggested that although Fe shales may be related in some way to volcanic activity, the main constituents of the banded iron-formations are not directly derived from volcanic sources. Banded iron-formations appear to have been precipitated from ocean waters which, relative to younger oceans, contained higher concentrations of Fe and Si in solution.
Participation of the major histocompatibility complex in antibody recognition of viral antigens expressed on infected cells

The capacity of the antibody repertoire to recognize complex antigens on viral-infected cells was investigated at the level of monoclonal B cell responses. A majority of primary B cells responsive to PR8(H1N1)- infected H-2 syngeneic cells produced antibody that bound viral determinants only in the context of infected cells and not the isolated virion. An examination of the fine specificity of such antibodies revealed that most could be distinguished by a panel of cells infected with closely related heterologous H1 influenza strains. Indeed, most antibodies bound hemagglutinin determinants of PR8 exclusively, and few were broadly cross-reactive. An examination of the same antibodies for their recognition of cell surface antigens revealed that the majority recognized MHC-encoded antigenic determinants. Thus, most BALB.K (H-2k) primary B cells responsive to PR8-L919 (H-2k) cells produced monoclonal antibodies that bound PR8-antigens only in the context of H-2Dk- infected cells. Most C57BL/10 (H-2b) B cells responsive to PR8-EL4 (H- 2b) cells produced monoclonal antibodies that bound PR8 antigens only in the context of H-2Kb-infected cells. These latter antibodies were further shown to recognize that H-2Kb molecule by virtue of their capacity to be discriminated by a panel of PR8-infected H-2Kb mutant cells. These findings demonstrate that much of the antibody repertoire is capable of highly specific complex recognition of viral antigenic determinants in the context of the appropriate MHC alloantigen.
Proteomics for routine identification of microorganisms

The invention of MALDI‐TOF‐MS enormously contributed to the understanding of protein chemistry and cell biology. Without this technique proteomics would most likely not be the important discipline it is today. Besides ‘true’ proteomics, MALDI‐TOF‐MS was applied for the analysis of microorganisms for their taxonomic characterization from its beginning. This approach has since been developed as a diagnostic tool readily available for routine, high‐throughput analysis of microbial isolates from clinical specimens by intact‐cell mass spectrometry (ICMS), the direct analysis of whole bacterial cell without a preceding fractionation or separation by chromatography or electrophoresis. ICMS exploits the reproducibility of mass fingerprints for individual bacterial and fungal strains as well as the high similarity of mass fingerprints within a species. Comparison of mass spectral data to genomic sequences emphasized the validity of peak patterns as taxonomic markers. Supported by comprehensive databases, MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based identification has been widely accepted in clinical laboratories within only a few years.
How to Test Electronic Adherence Monitoring Devices for Use in Daily Life: A Conceptual Framework

Electronic monitoring devices are increasingly used in healthcare to monitor health behaviors on a day-to-day basis. As a prerequisite to their application in clinical studies or daily practice, the performance of those electronic monitoring devices should be tested. Such testing includes a demonstration of technically correct function and of correspondence between the recorded data and the actual patient behavior, that is, objective testing of reliability and validity. Furthermore, from the patient's perspective, the operation of these devices should be easy to learn and to perform, and their use should be acceptable. These aspects of usability need to be tested from a user's subjective point of view. We propose a conceptual framework that builds on existing literature, for example, the framework on "obtrusiveness" of Hensel et al [J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006;13(4):428-431], the assumptions regarding valid electronic monitoring of Denhaerynck et al [BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8:5], and empirical evidence. The framework integrates an objective and a subjective dimension. The objective dimension encompasses both reliability (accuracy and precision) and internal and external validity. The subjective dimension describes the user's perspective on usability along subdimensions of user performance, satisfaction, and acceptability. This framework can be used as a road map to test existing and future electronic monitoring devices before their widespread application in clinical studies or daily practice.
Multisource Geospatial Data Fusion via Local Joint Sparse Representation

In this paper, we propose an adaptive locality weighted multisource joint sparse representation classification (ALWMJ-SRC) model for the classification of multisource remote sensing data. Although the notion of multitask joint sparsity has been recently developed for data fusion and has shown to be effective for various applications, in this paper, we suggest that there are important limitations stemming from the assumptions in such a framework. We propose a formulation that is inspired by this approach yet addresses some of the key shortcomings (e.g., uniform weights and unstable estimation of coefficients), resulting in a more robust formulation for data fusion. Specifically, we impose an adaptive locality weight to constrain the sparse coefficients, which not only considers the locality information between the test sample and the atoms in the dictionary but also helps ensure that the coefficients are adaptively penalized, reducing estimation bias. The adaptive locality weight is calculated for each source, which ensures that complementary information is employed from different sources for fusion. The optimization problem is solved using an alternating-direction-methods-of-multipliers formulation. In addition, the proposed algorithm is extended to the kernel space. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is validated via experiments for two fusion scenarios-spectral-spatial classification and hyperspectral-LiDAR sensor fusion. The experimental results demonstrate that ALWMJ-SRC consistently performs better than state-of-the-art classification approaches.
Cecal Ligation and Puncture Results in Long-Term Central Nervous System Myeloid Inflammation

Survivors of sepsis often experience long-term cognitive and functional decline. Previous studies utilizing lipopolysaccharide injection and cecal ligation and puncture in rodent models of sepsis have demonstrated changes in depressive-like behavior and learning and memory after sepsis, as well as evidence of myeloid inflammation and cytokine expression in the brain, but the long-term course of neuroinflammation after sepsis remains unclear. Here, we utilize cecal ligation and puncture with greater than 80% survival as a model of sepsis. We found that sepsis survivor mice demonstrate deficits in extinction of conditioned fear, but no acquisition of fear conditioning, nearly two months after sepsis. These cognitive changes occur in the absence of neuronal loss or changes in synaptic density in the hippocampus. Sepsis also resulted in infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils into the CNS at least two weeks after sepsis in a CCR2 independent manner. Cellular inflammation is accompanied by long-term expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes, including TNFα and CCR2 ligands, in whole brain homogenates. Gene expression analysis of microglia revealed that while microglia do express anti-microbial genes and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules of the S100A family of genes at least 2 weeks after sepsis, they do not express the cytokines observed in whole brain homogenates. Our results indicate that in a naturalistic model of infection, sepsis results in long-term neuroinflammation, and that this sustained inflammation is likely due to interactions among multiple cell types, including resident microglia and peripherally derived myeloid cells.
High-Height Long-Period Ocean Waves Generated by a Severe Storm in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during February 1983

Abstract Unusally severe storms occurred in the northeast Pacific Ocean between January and March 1983, and waves from these storms caused extensive erosion and damage along the U.S. west coast. Wave conditions as measured by eight data buoys are described for an intense storm of northern California with significant wave heights up to 12.9 m that occurred during February 1983. A very uncommon feature of the wave spectra is considerable energy at long periods of 20 to 25 s. Long period waves were generated west of the northern buoys and propagated as high swell to the southern buoys. Swell propagation was consistent with classical wave theory. The ability to quantitatively identify high swell at northern buoys prior to its arrival at buoys off southern California may have real-time swell forecast applications. Differences between measurements and numerical wave model forecasts and hindcasts indicate the value of the wave data and areas where numerical modeling of such storm-generated waves could be improved.
CrowdNavi: Demystifying Last Mile Navigation With Crowdsourced Driving Information

With detailed digital map of the transport network and even real-time traffic, today's navigation services provide good quality routes in the major route level. Once entering the last mile near the destination, they unfortunately can be ineffective and, instead, local drivers often have a better understanding of the routes there. With the deep penetration of 3G/4G mobile networks, drivers today are well connected anytime and anywhere; they can readily access information from the Internet and share information to the driver's community. This motivates our design of CrowdNavi, a complementary service to existing navigation systems, seeking to combat the last mile puzzle. CrowdNavi collects the crowdsourced driving information from users to identify their local driving patterns, and recommend the best local routes for users to reach their destinations. In this paper, we present the architectural design of CrowdNavi and identifies the unique challenges therein, particularly on identifying the last segment in a route from the crowdsourced driving information and navigate drivers through the last segment. We offer a complete set of algorithms to identify the last segment from the drivers’ trajectories, scoring the landmark, and locating best routes with user preferences. We then present effective navigation algorithm to locate the best route along the landmarks for the last segment. We further realize the potential risks of attacks in crowdsourced systems and develop a multisensor cross-validation method against them. We have implemented the CrowdNavi app on Android mobile OS, and have examined its performance under various circumstances. The experimental results demonstrate its superiority in navigating drivers in the last segment toward the destination.
Influence of search engines on customer decision process

This article summarizes customer decision process focusing on information search. It explains the role and use communication channels that are used during information search, particularly the internet. It describes the internet and the role of search engines during information search. It explains the use of search engines and provides better understanding of ways in which search engines support customer decision process such as reduction of information search cost, higher involvement in the search process and increased ability to search for information. It also identifies some possible disadvantages like information irrelevancy or invisible web. Paper aims to identify the influence of search engines on information search phase of customer decision process.
Meteorites from meteor showers: A case study of the Taurids

We propose that the Taurid meteor shower may contain bodies able to survive and be recovered as meteorites. We review the expected properties of meteorite‐producing fireballs, and suggest that end heights below 35 km and terminal speeds below 10 km s−1 are necessary conditions for fireballs expected to produce meteorites. Applying the meteoroid strength index (PE criteria) of Ceplecha and McCrosky (1976) to a suite of 33 photographically recorded Taurid fireballs, we find a large spread in the apparent meteoroid strengths within the stream, including some very strong meteoroids. We also examine in detail the flight behavior of a Taurid fireball (SOMN 101031) and show that it has the potential to be a (small) meteorite‐producing event. Similarly, photographic observations of a bright, potential Taurid fireball recorded in November of 1995 in Spain show that it also had meteorite‐producing characteristics, despite a very high entry velocity (33 km s−1). Finally, we note that the recent Maribo meteorite fall may have had a very high entry velocity (28 km s−1), further suggesting that survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities is possible. Application of a numerical entry model also shows plausible survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities, provided the initial meteoroids are fairly strong and large, both of which are characteristics found in the Taurid stream.
Seeds of Perception

Not all information is created equal. Different locations in an image (or range image) impose differing levels of constraint upon visual processes. We call locations in images (and other representations) that offer the tightest constraint seeds. We are exploring algorithms that work initially from seeds to locations of ever decreasing constraint. Thus in motion, we work from corners to edges and then to regions bounded by those edges. We recount recent progress in developing this theme in the problems of computing shape from contour, the determination of optic flow and structure from motion, and stereo. We review related work in shape from shading, and the interpretation of variable geometry planar shapes. The loci of two dimensional change that are discussed in this paper are uncovered by the programs of Fleck and Noble at this conference, as well as by Forsyth's colour labelling of edges.
Latent Ontological Feature Discovery for Text Clustering

The content of a text is mainly defined by keywords and named entities occurring in it. In particular for news articles, named entities are usually important to define their semantics. However, named entities have ontological features, namely, their aliases, types, and identifiers, which are hidden from their textual appearance. In this paper, we explore weighted combinations of those latent named entity features with keywords for text clustering. To that end, the traditional vector space model is adapted with multiple vectors defined over spaces of entity names, types, name-type pairs, identifiers, and keywords. Clustering quality is evaluated by both of the self purity-separation type and the relative comparison type of measures. Hard and fuzzy clustering experiments of the proposed model on selected data subsets of Reuters-21578 are conducted and evaluated.
Stability criteria for neutral systems with time‐varying delays and nonlinear uncertainties

Abstract The asymptotic stability problem for a class of neutral systems with time‐varying delays and nonlinear uncertainties is investigated in this paper. LMI‐based delay‐dependent criteria are proposed to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the considered systems. New Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and Leibniz‐Newton formulae are used to find the delay‐dependent stability results. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated to show the improved results from using this method.
Cyclophosphamide disrupts hepatic sinusoidal endothelium and improves transplanted cell engraftment in rat liver

To determine whether disruption of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium will facilitate engraftment of transplanted cells, we treated Fischer 344 (F344) rats lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity with cyclophosphamide (CP). Electron microscopy showed endothelial injury within 6 hours following CP, and, after 24 and 48 hours, the endothelium was disrupted in most hepatic sinusoids. CP did not affect Kupffer cell function. Similarly, CP had no obvious effects on hepatocytes. Intrasplenic transplantation of F344 rat hepatocytes followed by their localization with DPPIV histochemistry showed 3‐ to 5‐fold increases in the number of transplanted cells in CP‐treated animals. Transplanted cells integrated in the liver parenchyma more rapidly in CP‐treated animals, and hybrid bile canaliculi developed even 1 day after cell transplantation, which was not observed in control animals. To demonstrate whether improved cell engraftment translated into superior liver repopulation, recipient animals were conditioned with retrorsine and two‐thirds partial hepatectomy (PH), which induces transplanted cell proliferation. CP treatment of these animals before cell transplantation significantly increased the number and size of transplanted cell foci. In conclusion, disruption of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium was associated with accelerated entry and integration of transplanted cells in the liver parenchyma. These results provide insights into hepatocyte engraftment in the liver and will help in optimizing liver‐directed cell therapy.
From knowledge acquisition to information retrieval

Resumen: Introducimos una propuesta en recuperacion de informacion basada en la consideracion de recursos sintacticos y semanticos complejos y automaticamente generados a partir de la propia coleccion documental. Se describe una estrategia donde el lenguaje y el dominio de documentos son independientes del proceso. Palabras clave: adquisicion del conocimiento, analisis sintactico,extraccion de terminos, recuperacion de informacion, representacion del conocimiento Abstract: We introduce a proposal on information recovery based on the considera- tion of complex syntactic and semantic resources which are automatically generated from the documentary collection itself. The paper describes a strategy where the language and the domain of documents are independent of the process.