Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of High School Students’ Understanding of DSM-IV-MR-J Items

The current study examines the understanding of the DSM-IV-MR-J items to assess pathological gambling among adolescents aged 12 to 15, and explores its accuracy. The DSM-IV-MR-J was first administered in the classroom. Participants were assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Participants in the first group were asked to explain the meaning of each DSM-IV-MR-J item during an individual interview. If the item was not properly understood, the investigator corrected the participant’s understanding of the item. The questionnaire was then administered a second time. The control group was only submitted to a test-retest procedure. The results showed that 22% of the items were misunderstood. Changes in diagnostic categories emerged on the second administration for both groups. A 20% and 29.4% decrease in the number of problem/pathological gamblers was observed in the experimental and control group. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the reliability of the DSM-IV-MR-J as a measure of problem gambling among adolescents.
The Dynamic Nature of Being Jewish

To investigate acculturation as it is influenced by Jewish identity, Russian Jewish immigrants born in the Former Soviet Union and American Jews of Eastern European ancestry were surveyed regarding their three identities: American, Jewish, and Eastern European ethnic/Russian. Study 1 examined perceived differences between the three cultures on a series of characteristics. Study 2 explored perceptions of bicultural identity distance between the American and Eastern European ethnic/Russian identities as a function of Jewish identity centrality. Findings revealed that for Russian Jews, Jewish identity centrality is related to less perceived distance between the American and Russian identities, suggesting that Jewish identity may bridge participants’ American and Russian identities. In contrast, for American Jews, Jewish identity centrality is not related to less perceived distance between the American and Eastern European ethnic identities. The authors discuss implications for the long-term acculturation of Russian Jews in the United States and the function of religion in acculturation.
Unobtrusive human height and posture recognition with a capacitive sensor

In pervasive context recognition and user identification applications, unobtrusive recognition of user height and posture is difficult. With the current state of technology, this becomes even harder in environments where cameras are not desired or allowed. This paper answers this problem by presenting a simple, unobtrusive, and low-cost system for measuring height and posture of the user. The measurement method is based on capacitive coupling of low-frequency signals and conductivity of the human body. The designed system was simulated, implemented, and tested with 14 adults. The experimental results show that in 90% of the test cases the height of a person can be measured with 5.2 cm and 14.3 accuracy in standing and all other postures, respectively.
The Social Etiquette of Sleep: Some Sociological Reflections and Observations

This ar ticle provides a critical examination of the seemingly counter-intuitive sociological notion of the `social etiquette of sleep': the socially appropriate and inappropriate, prescriptive and proscriptive, ways of'doing'sleeping, that is to say, in ever yday/night life. The first par t of the ar ticle provides a brief discussion of the rationale for a sociological engagement with sleep. The remaining sections then proceed to a detailed sociological account of the `civilizing' of sleep, the social uses and abuses of sleep, the socially attentive sleeper, the inconsiderate or selfish sleeper, and the anarchic, anomic, deviant or stigmatized sleeper. The ar ticle closes with some fur ther sociological reflections on these dormative/normative matters.A sociological engagement with sleep, it concludes, is far from a contradiction in terms.
Developing Skills for Effective Academic Presentations in EAP

This study focused on training students in skills essential to making oral presentations based on original and independent research work as part of their English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course. As a result of the training, students showed an increase in the successful use of researchrelated skills and a great improvement in their ability to present their findings in English. Students appeared to have a better grasp of their subject matter, to be more at ease, less reliant on their notes, and better able to address their audiences directly. Students’ oral presentations not only illustrated a greater ability of students to use appropriate formats and structures in English but also a willingness and ability to adopt new methods of learning. This would seem to suggest that the preference for ‘rote learning’ so commonly attributed to Hong Kong students is indeed the result of expectations and experiences in previous learning situations rather than the intrinsic and inherent characteristics of the learners themselves.
Aprotinin and renal function at cardiac surgery.

EDITOR: Fauli and colleagues [1] are to be congratulated for their investigation into aprotinin use at cardiac surgery and its effects on subclinically detected renal injury and dysfunction as estimated using beta-Nacetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine and -1-microglobulin ( -1-m)/creatinine ratios, respectively. In particular, a study period of up to 40 days postoperatively is helpful. The authors show no significant effect of aprotinin administration on NAG/creatinine ratios, suggesting that subclinical tubular injury was not increased by this agent. However, they found a dose dependent increase in -1-m/creatinine ratios suggesting aprotinin-mediated tubular dysfunction [1]. This interesting observation led to the conclusion that ‘the use of high-dose aprotinin in older patients or in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction deserves more cautious consideration [1]. ’ Our group has considerable experience in measurement of NAG/creatinine and -1-m/creatinine ratios at cardiac surgery both with [2] and without [3] cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Unlike Fauli’s study, which did not obtain a 48 h urinary sample, we have described, in the CPB patients, a transient second peak in urinary NAG at 48 h [2] which we call the ‘lag in the NAG’. Interestingly, this delayed peak at 48 h is found in patients undergoing their surgery with CPB, but was less pronounced at off pump CAB surgery [3], suggesting that this delayed 48 h peak in NAG is CPB specific. Moreover, in an investigation of the possible renoprotective effects of preoperatively administered methylprednisolone (MP) we found that MP significantly reduced the delayed peak in NAG/creatinine ratios at 48 h but not the early peak [4]. Had we not measured a 48 h sample we would have missed the renoprotective effect of MP, which had earlier been highlighted in the context of infra-renal ischaemia–reperfusion-mediated renal tubular injury [5]. Of particular relevance to Fauli’s study, we found that MP increased urinary -1-m/creatinine ratios (subclinical renal dysfunction) at cardiac surgery in the absence of any increases in urinary NAG (subclinical renal injury). We noted that the reduction in reabsorptive function which accompanies transient tubular dysfunction (as indicated by transiently increased urinary -1-m/creatinine ratios) may be renally protective through diminishing tubular work and thus oxygen demand [4]. This argument similarly applies to Fauli’s report of aprotinin-mediated temporary increases in tubular dysfunction ( -1-m) in the absence of increased tubular injury (NAG). Moreover, since -1-m has antiinflammatory effects [6] increased amounts in the filtrate may even be beneficial. Clearly more studies are needed to determine if Fauli’s interesting report of transient renal dysfunction induced by aprotinin, translates into a renal protective mechanism through temporarily reducing renal oxygen demand during the perioperative period, when oxygen delivery to the kidney is sometimes compromised.
Prevalence of osteoporosis and related lifestyle and metabolic factors of postmenopausal women and elderly men

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoporosis prevalence and the risks of postmenopausal women and elderly men in Gansu province. This cross-sectional study involved 3359 postmenopausal women and 3205 elderly males who were randomly selected from 7 areas in Gansu province. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm2) was measured at the distal one-third radius of the nonstressed forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA: Osteometer MediTech). Factors related to osteoporosis were analyzed. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the entire study population was 9.65% for postmenopausal women and 8.08% for elderly males by WHO criteria, while the rate of osteopenia were 27.09% for postmenopausal women and 26.68% for elderly males. Risk of osteoporosis was significantly associated with age, menopause age, duration of menopause, body mass index (BMI), educational level, and alcohol consumption in postmenopausal women. In elderly men, age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sun exposure were associated with osteoporosis. The bone turnover markers osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (&bgr;-CTX) were inversely correlated with BMD in both genders; serum P and 25(OH)D found no significant correlation with BMD. Serum Ca showed a positive effect on BMD in elderly men only. The osteoporosis prevalence of postmenopausal women and the men aged over 60 years in Gansu province is presented. Risk of osteoporosis was significantly associated with age, menopause age, year since menopause, BMI, and educational level in postmenopausal women. In elderly men, age, BMI, and current smoking were associated with osteoporosis. This study also found that higher OC and &bgr;-CTX level were associated with lower BMD. Poor 25(OH)D, Ca, P status were not associated with an increased risk of low BMD.
THE CARD SORTING METHOD FOR MAP SYMBOL DESIGN

Here, we describe the potential utility of the card sorting method for structuring and refining map symbol sets. Card sorting has been proposed as a method for delineating categories by researchers and practitioners in a variety of disciplines due to its ability to identify and explicate real or perceived structures in an information space; however, there is little reported application of card sorting within Cartography. To span this gap, we offer a framework that prescribes the appropriate methodological parameters for card sorting according to the stage in the design process and the goals of the study. We then illustrate the utility of card sorting for Cartography by describing a closed sorting study we conducted on the ANCI INCITS 415-2006 emergency mapping symbol standard. Our approached helped us identify several barriers to using the symbol standard, including areas of conceptual overlap among the categories in the standard, potentially missing categories from the standard, and individual symbols in the standard that are consistently misclassified.
M-Theory and Topological Strings--I

The $R^2 F^{2g-2}$ terms of Type IIA strings on Calabi-Yau 3-folds, which are given by the corresponding topological string amplitudes (a worldsheet instanton sum for all genera), are shown to have a simple M-theory interpretation. In particular, a Schwinger one-loop computation in M-theory with wrapped M2 branes and Kaluza-Klein modes going around the loop reproduces the all genus string contributions from constant maps and worldsheet instanton corrections. In the simplest case of an isolated M2 brane with the topology of the sphere, we obtain the contributions of small worldsheet instantons (sphere ``bubblings'') which extends the results known or conjectured for low genera. Surprisingly, the 't Hooft expansion of large $N$ Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$ can also be used in a novel way to compute these gravitational terms at least in special cases.
Movies and TV Influence Tobacco Use in India: Findings from a National Survey

Background Exposure to mass media may impact the use of tobacco, a major source of illness and death in India. The objective is to test the association of self-reported tobacco smoking and chewing with frequency of use of four types of mass media: newspapers, radio, television, and movies. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed data from a sex-stratified nationally-representative cross-sectional survey of 123,768 women and 74,068 men in India. All models controlled for wealth, education, caste, occupation, urbanicity, religion, marital status, and age. In fully-adjusted models, monthly cinema attendance is associated with increased smoking among women (relative risk [RR]: 1·55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·04–2·31) and men (RR: 1·17; 95% CI: 1·12–1·23) and increased tobacco chewing among men (RR: 1·15; 95% CI: 1·11–1·20). Daily television and radio use is associated with higher likelihood of tobacco chewing among men and women, while daily newspaper use is related to lower likelihood of tobacco chewing among women. Conclusion/Significance In India, exposure to visual mass media may contribute to increased tobacco consumption in men and women, while newspaper use may suppress the use of tobacco chewing in women. Future studies should investigate the role that different types of media content and media play in influencing other health behaviors.
The importance of optimization and controls in future intelligent grids

This paper reviewed different optimization methods suitable for optimizing building' energy systems and controls for energy and environment policy. It discusses the complexity of optimization in future smart grids and it includes a proposed hybrid method and comparisons for performance with individual methods. The multi period hybrid optimization method has been applied simultaneous for configuration, size and controls. Optimization can aid the design of these systems to meet objectives efficiently and at low cost. The uncertainty in the supply due to the integration of variable renewable will require intelligent control with possible ways for shifting demand. It has been shown that optimization should be done across all systems and stock and simultaneous for configuration, size and controls.
Laïcité, gender equality and the politics of non-domination

The relationship between constitutional secularism and gender equality acquires peculiar dimensions in the context of the laïcité project in republican France – particularly, in the contemporary conflict between a laïcité interpreted as a politics of emancipatory social transformation, and the more minimalist liberal conception prevailing in French law. The dominant narrative in the republican establishment, shared between left and right, has been that laïcité will lead to gender emancipation not only by dissolving any sectarian dimensions of women’s citizenship – that is, by sustaining a religiously neutral public sphere – but also, by preventing the domination as well as the coercion of religious choice in the intimate and private spheres of family and community. In this narrative, laïcité represents a more ambitious project of gender emancipation than that promised by the liberalisms more redolent of the Anglo-American world. The apogee of this expansionary interpretation of constitutional secularism is expressed in the 2004 prohibition on conspicuous markers of religious affiliation in the public schools, and the recent debate on the ‘full’ Islamic veil. This article considers the relationship of laïcité to gender equality through the lens of the broader theoretical debate surrounding the relationship of political liberalism to the politics of non-domination. The elusive challenge is to craft a constitutional secularism that can sustain a viable politics of non-domination – going beyond the formalist voluntarism redolent of classical liberalisms, offering undominated as well as uncoerced religious choice – yet also avoiding an overzealous emancipatory stance that itself assumes a regulative role for women’s religious choices.
Olfactory specialization for perfume collection in male orchid bees

ABSTRACT Insects rely on the olfactory system to detect a vast diversity of airborne molecules in their environment. Highly sensitive olfactory tuning is expected to evolve when detection of a particular chemical with great precision is required in the context of foraging and/or finding mates. Male neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) collect odoriferous substances from multiple sources, store them in specialized tibial pouches and later expose them at display sites, presumably as mating signals to females. Previous analysis of tibial compounds among sympatric species revealed substantial chemical disparity in chemical composition among lineages with outstanding divergence between closely related species. Here, we tested whether specific perfume phenotypes coevolve with matching olfactory adaptations in male orchid bees to facilitate the location and harvest of species-specific perfume compounds. We conducted electroantennographic (EAG) measurements on males of 15 sympatric species in the genus Euglossa that were stimulated with 18 compounds present in variable proportions in male hind tibiae. Antennal response profiles were species-specific across all 15 species, but there was no conspicuous differentiation between closely related species. Instead, we found that the observed variation in EAG activity follows a Brownian motion model of trait evolution, where the probability of differentiation increases proportionally with lineage divergence time. However, we identified strong antennal responses for some chemicals that are present as major compounds in the perfume of the same species, thus suggesting that sensory specialization has occurred within multiple lineages. This sensory specialization was particularly apparent for semi-volatile molecules (‘base note’ compounds), thus supporting the idea that such compounds play an important role in chemical signaling of euglossine bees. Overall, our study found no close correspondence between antennal responses and behavioral preferences/tibial contents, but confirms the utility of EAG profiling for discovering certain behaviorally active compounds. Highlighted Article: Electroantennography responses of male orchid bees are species-specific and particularly strong for some of their major perfume ingredients.
Injecting a semantic objective function into early stage learning of spoken language translation

We describe a new approach for semantically training spoken language translation systems, in which we inject a crosslingual semantic frame based objective function directly into inversion transduction grammar (ITG) induction. This represents an ambitious jump from recent work on improving translation adequacy by using a semantic frame based objective function to drive the tuning of loglinear mixture weights in the final stage of statistical machine translation training. In contrast, our new approach propagates a semantic frame based objective function back into much earlier stages of the pipeline, during the actual learning of the translation model, biasing learning toward semantically more accurate alignments. This approach is motivated by the fact that ITG alignments have empirically been shown to fully cover crosslingual semantic frame alternations, even though they rule out an overwhelming majority of the space of possible alignments. We show that directly driving ITG induction with a crosslingual semantic based objective function not only helps to further sharpen the ITG constraints, but still avoids excising relevant portions of the search space, and leads to better performance than either conventional ITG or GIZA++ based approaches.
Association of anticholinergic load with impairment of complex attention and memory in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goals were 1) to establish a clinically useful standard index of the relative anticholinergic potency of psychiatric medications; 2) to determine which cognitive functions are most affected by the administration of anticholinergic medications to patients with schizophrenia; and 3) to compare in vitro and clinically derived indexes of anticholinergic load in predicting these cognitive impairments. METHOD One hundred six clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were given a brief neuropsychological battery and evaluated on a standard symptom rating scale. The anticholinergic load associated with their psychiatric medications was estimated by using 1) a pharmacological index, calculated from a compilation of published studies reporting in vitro brain muscarinic receptor antagonism, and 2) a clinical index, based on clinician ratings of the anticholinergic side effects of medications. The authors analyzed the correlations of both indexes with the neuropsychological measures and with summary neuropsychological factor scores. RESULTS The clinical and pharmacological anticholinergic indexes were highly correlated with each other and showed virtually identical associations with neuropsychological measures. Anticholinergic load was associated with lower scores on measures of attention and declarative memory, including several measures of auditory and visual memory and two tests of complex attention, but was unrelated to intelligence, simple attention, working memory, executive functions, conceptual fluency, or motor speed. CONCLUSIONS This pattern of cognitive impairment with central cholinergic antagonism is consistent with emerging models of the functional anatomy of ascending forebrain cholinergic subsystems. Both pharmacological and clinical indexes show utility in predicting the effects of anticholinergic load on cognition in schizophrenia. Doses of psychiatric medication within the range of routine pharmacotherapy practice may have clinically significant effects on memory and complex attention in patients with schizophrenia; these effects may contribute as much as one-third to two-thirds of the memory deficit typically seen in patients with schizophrenia.
A Cost-Benefit Study of a Breaking the Cycle Program for Juveniles

The authors present a cost-benefit analysis of a Juvenile Breaking the Cycle (JBTC) program in Oregon designed to provide juvenile justice system monitoring and coordinated treatment and services to youth who are assessed as at high risk for recidivism and substance use. Detailed cost analyses are presented for youth in the JBTC program and a comparison group. Multivariate models for all costs combined indicate that the costs per JBTC youth are much higher than for the comparison group 6 to 12 months after intake. Twelve to 18 months after intake, the difference in juvenile justice costs between the two groups is negligible. These findings suggest that decision makers should not expect any additional case management and treatment costs to be offset immediately by reductions in juvenile justice costs. However, evidence suggests that juvenile justice costs may eventually be at least equivalent to usual care.
A 12b 180MS/s 0.068mm2 With Full-Calibration-Integrated Pipelined-SAR ADC

This paper presents a 12b 180 MS/s 0.068 mm2 $2\times$ time-interleaved pipelined-SAR analog-to-digital conver-ter (ADC) with gain and offset calibrations fully embedded on-chip. The proposed binary-search gain calibration (BSGC) technique corrects the inter-stage gain error caused by the open-loop residue amplifier. The BSGC, fully integrated into the second-stage SAR ADC, contributes to a compact area. We improve the noise performance by implementing a merged-residue-DAC operation in the first-stage ADC. Also, we propose a dual-phase bootstrap technique to improve the sampling linearity in the partial interleaving architecture. The measurement results of the ADC prototype in 65 nm CMOS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration through the enhancement of the signal to noise-and-distortion ratio from 51.5 to 60.9 dB at a Nyquist input, leading to a FoM@Nyq of 36.7 fJ/conversion-step.