Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shared Financial Interest, Fairness, and Honesty in Budget Reporting: Experimental Study in Indonesia

This study uses two experiments to investigate the honesty of manager’s budget reports when the financial benefit resulting from budgetary slack is shared by the manager and other non-reporting employees and when managers consider the fairness of budget participation. Drawing on moral disengagement theory, it is said that the shared financial interest in slack creation makes misreporting more self-justifiable to the manager and, therefore, leads to lower honesty. Consistent with prediction, the result of first experiment show that manager report less honestly when the benefit of slack is shared than when it is not shared, regardless of whether others are aware of the misreporting. The second experiment investigates whether the fairness concern will affect the honesty of manager’s budget reports in all condition as in first experiment. The result of second experiment confirming that fairness concern effects the honesty of manager’s budget reports when the financial benefit resulting from budgetary slack is shared and when others are aware of the misreporting. Results of this study have implications for research and practice of management accounting. This study identifies how the control system has positive and negative externalities, such as group-based incentive plans that widely used within the organization.
Signal integrity analysis of graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) interconnects

Graphene nano-ribbons (GNR) have been proposed for building up interconnects for 3-D ICs, due to their superior performance over conventional metallic materials. In this paper, signal integrity analyses of single- and multi-layered GNR (SLGNR & MLGNR) interconnects are carried out based on their equivalent circuit models, with crosstalk effects characterized theoretically. It is shown that longer length and larger width of the SLGNR interconnect will result in higher crosstalk voltage, but it cannot exceeds its threshold one. While for MLGNRs, their advantages over Cu wires are kept even with the worst crosstalk.
The Language of Prognostication in Intensive Care Units

Rationale. Although misunderstandings about prognosis are common in intensive care units (ICUs), little is known about how physicians actually communicate prognostic information. Objectives. The authors sought to 1) develop a framework to describe the language physicians use to disclose prognosis, 2) determine whether physicians frame prognostic statements as estimates for populations or estimates for individual patients, and 3) determine whether physicians use the recommended ‘‘ask-tell-ask’’ approach when discussing prognosis. Methods. The authors conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 51 audiotaped physician-family conferences about life support decisions in ICUs. They identified each prognostic statement and used grounded theory methods to develop a framework to understand the language physicians use to communicate prognosis. Main Results. Physicians prognosticated in 50 of 51 conferences. When discussing prognosis, physicians used qualitative probability statements in 72% (36/50) of conferences, numeric statements in 20% (10/50), absolute statements in 13% (4/32), and nonprobabilistic statements in 40% (20/50). Physicians exclusively used population-based language in 10% (5/50) of conferences, single-event probability statements in 62% (31/50), and both in 28% (14/ 50). In only 2% (1/50) of conferences did physicians ask whether the family wished to hear prognostic information prior to discussing it, and in only 14% of conferences (7/50) did physicians check to verify that families understood the prognostic information. Conclusions. There is considerable variability in the language used by physicians to disclose prognosis, with only 20% of physicians using quantitative terms. Very few physicians checked whether families understood prognostic information. These findings may provide potential targets for interventions to improve communication about prognosis in ICUs.
EPISTEMOLOGI, ONTOLOGI DAN AKSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM

Hukum Islam adalah hukum Tuhan yang taken from granted, ia tidak pernah mengalami perubahan sejak diturunkan hingga akhir kehidupan. Sebagai hukum yang universal ia memiliki karakteristik yang senantiasa bisa dilaksanakan kapan saja, di mana saja dan oleh siapa saja. Universalitas hukum Islam didukung oleh seperangkat mashadir al- ahkam yaitu al-Qur’an dan Assunah yang turun dari Allah ta’ala melalui rasulNya. Selain itu ada pula adilah al-ahkam yang dirumuskan oleh para cendekiawan Islam. Hukum Islam yang secara global terdapat di dalam al-Qur’an di jelaskan oleh al-Sunnah yang dikembangkan oleh para juris Islam. Hasilnya adalah hukum Islam yang senantiasa up to date hingga akhir zaman. Pendekatan filsafati untuk mengkaji hukum Islam telah menghasilkan bagaimana ia merupakan metode dalam memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan melalui epistemology. Pada tataran keberadaannya ia menjadi satu disiplin ilmu yang telah kokoh berdiri di atas basis keilmuan berdasarkan wahyu, sehingga secara ontology ilmu hukum Islam menjadi hal unik dalam studi hukum. Aksiologi hukum Islam tercermin dari aplikasi dan implementasi yang konsisten dilakukan umat Islam sebagai hasil dari pemikiran tokoh-tokohnya. Key Word: Epistemologi, Ontologi, Aksiologi, Hukum Islam
Intravenous glucose tolerance test in middle-aged men with and without latent coronary heart disease.

During a cardiovascular survey, aimed at detecting cases of latent coronary heart disease (CHD), glucose elimination was studied after i.v. loading in 1970 presumably healthy men aged 40-59 years. The aim was to throw light on the importance of deranged glucose tolerance for the development of CHD. Of the 1970 individuals, 1798 were defined as "normals", 33 had chronic, non-anginal chest pain, 34 had slight albeit typical angina pectoris. The remaining 105 had various symptoms/signs strongly suggestive of CHD, and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (69 angiopositive, 36 angionegative). Plasma insulin was determined in relation to the test in 249 of the subjects. The following conclusions were reached: 1) Mean k-values were similar in all subgroups (p less than 0.10). 2) Low and borderline k-values were significantly more frequent in angiographed individuals compared with the group of normals (p less than 0.025). However, an almost identical frequency was seen in angiopositive and angionegative cases. 3) K-values did not change with age between 40 and 59 years. 4) K-values were unrelated to the severity of angiographic findings in individuals with proven CHD. 5) Significantly lower k-values were found in individuals with a positive diabetic heredity, and 6) in individuals with a high insulin response. 7) The i.v. glucose loading did not influence an exercise ECG recorded in relation to a near-maximal bicycle exercise test.
rac-cis,cis-Dicarbonyldichlorido{1-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzyl]-3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene}ruthenium(II) dichloromethane monosolvate

The RuII atom in the title compound, [RuCl2(C31H29N2P)(CO)2]·CH2Cl2, exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination environment. The bond angles of the cis substituents at the RuII atom range from 82.72 (9) to 97.20 (3)°. This molecule is of interest in the field of catalytic transfer hydrogenation.
Sparse computations and Multi-BSP

BSP is a simple but effective model for parallel computing. A BSP computer (p, g, l) consists of p sequential processors with sufficient local memory. A black-box network interconnects these. This network is assumed to be full duplex and optimised for all-to-all communication; a processor can thus simultaneously send and receive a single data word at constant cost g. The network has an associated latency cost l that has a more complete interpretation in the following context. A BSP algorithm (p, wi,s, hi) consists of a series of supersteps. It is described as a sequential program parametrised in p as well as in the process ID s ∈ {0, 1, . , p − 1}. A superstep consists of computation and communication. Computation is a set of operations on local data using only local processor resources. Communication is a global action that involves only the network and is disallowed from affecting computation that occur in the same superstep, and vice versa. Computation at the ith superstep of process s may assume that all communication in preceding supersteps, as far as they affect the state of memory local to process s, have completed. A program needs the network to determine whether it is safe to advance a superstep; this is exactly the latency cost l introduced earlier. The sequential work in the ith superstep at process s has cost wi,s. The number of data words sent and received by process s as part of the ith superstep are ti,s and ri,s, respectively. The h-relation of the ith superstep, the cost of the process that forms the communication bottleneck, is hi = maxs max{ti,s, ri,s}: the cost incurred by the process which has to send or receive the largest number of data words of all processes during superstep i. Given a BSP computer (p, g, l) and a BSP algorithm (p, wi,s, hi), the cost of running that algorithm on that computer is
Generating novel tactics through evolutionary computation

Simulated evolution on a computer can provide a means for generating appropriate tactics in real-time combat scenarios. Individual unit or higher level organizations, such as tanks and platoons, can use evolutionary computation to adapt to the current and projected situations. In this article, we briefly review current knowledge in evolutionary algorithms and offer an example of applying these techniques to generate adaptive behavior in a platoon-level engagement of tanks in which the mission of one platoon is changed on-the-fly.
Extensions to FreeBSD Datacenter TCP for Incremental Deployment Support

Datacenter TCP (DCTCP) achieves low latencies for short flows while maintaining high throughputs for concurrent bulk transfers, but requires changes to both endpoints, which presents a deployment challenge. This paper presents extensions to DCTCP that enables one-sided deployment when peers implement standard TCP/ECN functionality. This makes DCTCP significantly easier to deploy incrementally. This paper also improves DCTCP in twosided deployments by refining ECN processing and the calculation of the congestion estimate. A FreeBSD kernel implementation of these DCTCP improvements demonstrates better performance than the original DCTCP variant, and validates that incremental one-sided deployments see benefits similar to those previously only achievable in two-sided deployments.
Human resources management using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Human resource management (HRM) is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employer's strategic objectives. Linguistic evaluations rather than numerical evaluations are preferred when making comparative assessments. These assessments can be expressed by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets easier than ordinary fuzzy sets. In this paper, we used a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets for the selection among the people applying for a position at a university.
Endoglin Is an Accessory Protein That Interacts with the Signaling Receptor Complex of Multiple Members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily*

Endoglin (CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3, and coprecipitates with the Ser/Thr kinase signaling receptor complex by affinity labeling of endothelial and leukemic cells. The present study shows that in addition to TGF-β1 and -β3, endoglin interacts with activin-A, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7, and BMP-2 but requires coexpression of the respective ligand binding kinase receptor for this association. Endoglin cannot bind ligands on its own and does not alter binding to the kinase receptors. It binds TGF-β1 and -β3 by associating with the TGF-β type II receptor and interacts with activin-A and BMP-7 via activin type II receptors, ActRII and ActRIIB, regardless of which type I receptor partner is coexpressed. However, endoglin binds BMP-2 by interacting with the ligand binding type I receptors, ALK3 and ALK6. The formation of heteromeric signaling complexes was not altered by the presence of endoglin, although it was coprecipitated with these complexes. Endoglin did not interact with BMP-7 through complexes containing the BMP type II receptor, demonstrating specificity of its action. Our data suggest that endoglin is an accessory protein of multiple kinase receptor complexes of the TGF-β superfamily.
Effect of serum on phospholipids of L-forms of Streptococcus faecalis

Changes in the phospholipids of the membrane of L-forms of Streptococcus faecalis were studied after exposure to normal human serum. The phospholipids were labeled by incubating the L forms with [14C]palmitate. After the reaction of the L-forms with normal human serum, the percentage of total lipid radioactivity decreased in phospholipids and increased in free fatty acids, indicating phospholipase activity. Similar changes were seen on reacting normal human serum with autoclaved L-forms. Sonication of the L-forms resulted in only a slight increase in phospholipase activity. These results suggested that a major part of the phospholipase activity was in the serum.
Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude

The literature on the response of insect species to the changing environments experienced along altitudinal gradients is diverse and widely dispersed. There is a growing awareness that such responses may serve as analogues for climate warming effects occurring at a particular fixed altitude or latitude over time. This review seeks, therefore, to synthesise information on the responses of insects and allied groups to increasing altitude and provide a platform for future research. It focuses on those functional aspects of insect biology that show positive or negative reaction to altitudinal changes but avoids emphasising adaptation to high altitude per se. Reactions can be direct, with insect characteristics or performance responding to changing environmental parameters, or they can be indirect and mediated through the insect's interaction with other organisms. These organisms include the host plant in the case of herbivorous insects, and also competitor species, specific parasitoids, predators and pathogens. The manner in which these various factors individually and collectively influence the morphology, behaviour, ecophysiology, growth and development, survival, reproduction, and spatial distribution of insect species is considered in detail. Resultant patterns in the abundance of individual species populations and of community species richness are examined. Attempts are made throughout to provide mechanistic explanations of trends and to place each topic, where appropriate, into the broader theoretical context by appropriate reference to key literature. The paper concludes by considering how montane insect species will respond to climate warming.
Molecular approach to echinoderm regeneration

Until very recently echinoderm regeneration research and indeed echinoderm research in general has suffered because of the lack of critical mass. In terms of molecular studies of regeneration, echinoderms in particular have lagged behind other groups in this respect. This is in sharp contrast to the major advances achieved with molecular and genetic techniques in the study of embryonic development in echinoderms. The aim of our studies has been to identify genes involved in the process of regeneration and in particular neural regeneration in different echinoderm species. Our survey included the asteroid Asterias rubens and provided evidence for the expression of Hox gene homologues in regenerating radial nerve cords. Present evidence suggests: 1) ArHox1 expression is maintained in intact radial nerve cord and may be upregulated during regeneration. 2) ArHox1 expression may contribute to the dedifferentiation and/or cell proliferation process during epimorphic regeneration. From the crinoid Antedon bifida, we have been successful in cloning a fragment of a BMP2/4 homologue (AnBMP2/4) and analysing its expression during arm regeneration. Here, we discuss the importance of this family of growth factors in several regulatory spheres, including maintaining the identity of pluripotent blastemal cells or as a classic skeletal morphogenic regulator. There is clearly substantial scope for future echinoderm research in the area of molecular biology and certain aspects are discussed in this review. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:474–485, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The estrogen‐regulated protein, TFF1, stimulates migration of human breast cancer cells

The human trefoil protein TFF1 is a small cysteine‐rich secreted protein that is frequently expressed in breast tumors under the control of estrogen. The function of TFF1 in breast cancer is unknown. To test the hypothesis that it promotes tumor dissemination, we produced recombinant TFF1 and assessed its ability to stimulate the movement of breast cancer cells by using in vitro wounding and migration assays. Recombinant TFF1 stimulated migration at concentrations of TFF1 found in culture medium. Migration of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, which secrete TFF1, was stimulated by lower concentrations of TFF1 than MDA MB231 cells that do not produce TFF 1. Dimeric TFF1, linked by a disulfide bond, and monomeric TFF1 are produced by estrogen‐responsive breast cancer cell lines. Recombinant TFF1 dimer was eightfold more potent than TFF1 monomer, implying that the interaction of TFF1 with its receptor is facilitated by dimerization. The majority of TFF1‐stimulated migration resulted from chemotaxis, but dimeric TFF1 stimulated some chemokinesis. These results show that estrogens can stimulate the motility of breast cancer cells via the induction of TFF1 and suggest that one reason for the efficacy of hormonal therapies is their ability to reduce expression of TFF1 and, hence, the migration of breast tumor cells.
Detection of porcine respiration based on machine vision

A machine vision method is presented to identify porcine health in real-time by detecting porcine breath. Porcine images in top view are extracted by constructing video image acquisition system, and porcine contour is obtained by serious of image pretreatment. Concave-convex recognition method is used to determine the waist corner and scapular endpoint on one side of ventral lines. The length of the line between two points is measured using improved chain code algorithm. The data of length distribution are recorded to draw time-position figure, and the fluctuation of the target curve approximately reflects the porcine breath in frame sequences. So the breath rate could be expressed as the frequency of the curve. Compared with manual observation, the relative error of the result in this paper is about 6.05% in detecting respiratory rate. Therefore, machine vision-based method is effective for detecting porcine breath.
Text based classification of companies in CrunchBase

This paper introduces two fuzzy fingerprint based text classification techniques that were successfully applied to automatically label companies from CrunchBase, based purely on their unstructured textual description. This is a real and very challenging problem due to the large set of possible labels (more than 40) and also to the fact that the textual descriptions do not have to abide by any criteria and are, therefore, extremely heterogeneous. Fuzzy fingerprints are a recently introduced technique that can be used for performing fast classification. They perform well in the presence of unbalanced datasets and can cope with a very large number of classes. In the paper, a comparison is performed against some of the best text classification techniques commonly used to address similar problems. When applied to the CrunchBase dataset, the fuzzy fingerprint based approach outperformed the other techniques.
Leg power asymmetry and postural control in women with multiple sclerosis.

UNLABELLED The extent of and the interactions between muscle strength, walking speed, postural control, and symptomatic fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not known, nor are the effects of bilateral strength asymmetries on these variables. PURPOSE To quantify the magnitude of and the associations between bilateral strength and limb-loading asymmetries, postural control, and symptomatic fatigue in women with MS. METHODS Peak knee extensor (KE) and dorsiflexor (DF) isometric torque and isotonic power were assessed bilaterally in 12 women with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 4 +/- 1) and 12 age-matched female controls using a Biodex dynamometer (Biodex Medical, Shirley, NY). Center of pressure (CoP) variability during 20 s of quiet stance was measured in the anteroposterior (AP) and the mediolateral (ML) directions using adjacent force plates. Bilateral asymmetry scores were calculated for power and torque. Normal and brisk walk times (25 ft) and symptomatic fatigue (Visual Analog Fatigue Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale) were measured before strength and balance testing. RESULTS Fatigue was greater and walk times (normal and brisk) were longer in MS (P < or = 0.01). Dorsiflexor (DF) isometric torque and power and knee extensor (KE) isometric strength were similar between groups. KE power was lower (mean +/- SD = 21.5 +/- 16.2%; P < or = 0.05) and KE power asymmetry was greater in MS than in controls (9.2 +/- 6.9%; P = 0.02). Postural variability of the CoP was greater in the AP direction in MS than in controls (7.52 +/- 3.02 and 4.33 +/- 1.79 mm, respectively; P = 0.005). KE power asymmetry was associated with fatigue and walk times (P < or = 0.02), and AP CoP variability was correlated with fatigue, walk times, and power asymmetries (P < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data provide new evidence of a potential role for KE strength asymmetries in the symptomatic fatigue and physical dysfunction of persons with MS, possibly through an effect on postural stability.
Bovine leukemia virus transcription is controlled by a virus-encoded trans-acting factor and by cis-acting response elements

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) gene expression is exquisitely regulated at multiple levels, including a transcriptional control effected by virus-encoded trans-acting factors and cis-acting target sequences. Like the human T-cell leukemia viruses type I and type II, but unlike other RNA tumor viruses, BLV contains several open reading frames at the 3' end of its genome. A subgenomic mRNA which encodes two overlapping reading frames from this region could produce proteins of 38 and 18 kilodaltons (kDa). A series of cis-trans experiments using transfected virus gene constructs in different combinations revealed that expression of the 38-kDa protein was both necessary and sufficient to activate, in trans, the BLV promoter. This activation was specific for the BLV long terminal repeat, as a variety of related retroviral promoters were not responsive to the expression of the 38-kDa protein p38(XBL). Deletion analysis and construction of chimeric promoters identified a 75-base-pair long terminal repeat region which functions like a p38(XBL)-dependent enhancer element.
Plasmid profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1

Clinical and environmental Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from a single water source in Columbus, Ohio, exhibited five different plasmid profiles. The multiplicity of plasmid profiles observed within a single geographic area and a skewed distribution of isolates bearing these plasmid profiles within this area suggest that plasmid analyses will be useful in the study of the epidemiology of Legionnaires disease and the environmental distribution of legionellae.