Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Model for Text Autosummarization

Summarization is an important challange in natural language processing. Deep learning methods, however, have not been widely used in text summarization, although neural networks have been proved to be powerful in natural language processing. In this paper, an encoder-decoder neural network model is applied to text summarization, as an important step toward this task. Besides, a hierarchical model, which builds the sentence representations and then paragraph representations, enables the summarization for long documents.
Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Tumor Histopathology and Angiogenesis in Breast Carcinoma

Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is a potentially powerful new tool in the early diagnosis and staging of patients with breast carcinoma. Rapid contrast enhancement is suggestive of carcinoma and likely related to high tumor vascularity. We have developed a new cMRI technique that combines anatomic and kinetic information to help characterize breast carcinomas. Signal enhancement ratio (SER) patterns (which quantitate the kinetics of contrast enhancement using a three time point high‐resolution method) were correlated in tumors from 32 patients with histopathology and tumor angiogenesis as measured by intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD). Early signal enhancement with rapid washout of intravenous contrast (i.e., corresponding to high SER values) correlated with high tumor vascularity. We found that TARGET MRI with SER analysis has potential as a tool for characterizing breast carcinoma in vivo. It enables anatomic visualization of tumor and appears to add biologic information as well, such as level of tumor angiogenesis. ▪
Stability and variability

It is a great honor and pleasure for me to participate in this celebration for Freeman Dyson. I first met Freeman more than 60 years ago, that is before he came to the IAS, when I was a first year graduate student at Syracuse University. I drove with my thesis advisor Peter Bergmann from Syracuse to Ithaca for a seminar at Cornell by Doob, the probabilist from Illinois, who was also in the car with us. At Cornell we were invited for drinks to the house of Freeman, already a famous professor there. After drinks we all went to an Italian restaurant and Freeman paid for my dinner which, given the fact that my graduate assistant salary was not very large (I believe it was $1,500 per academic year) was much appreciated. I have been the recipient of many kindnesses from Freeman since then and am definitely a Dyson fan. It is true that I differ with Freeman on some points but I do not think he would be happy if one agreed with him on everything. He has always been a great advocate of diversity. In any case the differences I have with Freeman are far outweighed by my admiration for him as a scientist, humanist, and artist. I use the adjective artist deliberately for Freeman has a vision of the universe as a work of art driven by mind. In fact as a work of art under construction. He is the grand optimist of life and mind. As he wrote on page 118 of his wonderful book Infinite in all Directions:
Attentional Facilitation throughout Human Visual Cortex Lingers in Retinotopic Coordinates after Eye Movements

With each eye movement, the image of the world received by the visual system changes dramatically. To maintain stable spatiotopic (world-centered) visual representations, the retinotopic (eye-centered) coordinates of visual stimuli are continually remapped, even before the eye movement is completed. Recent psychophysical work has suggested that updating of attended locations occurs as well, although on a slower timescale, such that sustained attention lingers in retinotopic coordinates for several hundred milliseconds after each saccade. To explore where and when this “retinotopic attentional trace” resides in the cortical visual processing hierarchy, we conducted complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential (ERP) experiments using a novel gaze-contingent task. Human subjects executed visually guided saccades while covertly monitoring a fixed spatiotopic target location. Although subjects responded only to stimuli appearing at the attended spatiotopic location, blood oxygen level-dependent responses to stimuli appearing after the eye movement at the previously, but no longer, attended retinotopic location were enhanced in visual cortical area V4 and throughout visual cortex. This retinotopic attentional trace was also detectable with higher temporal resolution in the anterior N1 component of the ERP data, a well established signature of attentional modulation. Together, these results demonstrate that, when top-down spatiotopic signals act to redirect visuospatial attention to new retinotopic locations after eye movements, facilitation transiently persists in the cortical regions representing the previously relevant retinotopic location.
Photoselective vaporization of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE In recent years, laser treatments have re-emerged as options for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This paper reviews the safety, efficacy, effectiveness and economics of photoselective vapourization of the prostate (PVP), compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify 14 studies comparing 80 W PVP and TURP. We then reviewed and pooled these studies. RESULTS We identified 12 adverse events or complications; rates were similar in both groups. No PVP patient required a blood transfusion; 5%-11% of TURP patients did. PVP patients had a significantly lower likelihood of clot retention. Collectively, the 14 studies led to the conclusion that PVP is a safe procedure. PVP is favourable to TURP regarding length of hospitalization and catheterization times. There were no meaningful differences in operation times, reoperation rates, peak flow rates, postresidual volumes or quality of life scores. Sexual function and prostate specific antigen value changes were similar. Four economic evaluations of PVP and TURP (from Canada, Switzerland, Australia and the United States) concluded that PVP is less costly per case than TURP. Cost differences are attributable to disposables, capital equipment and hospitalization. Based on our analysis of limited Canadian data, the cost of PVP is estimated to be about one-half that of TURP, even after accounting for start-up costs. CONCLUSION The 80 W PVP laser appears to be a viable treatment for BPH. With the recent regulatory approval of the 120 W High Performance System (HPS), an additional option has become available. Therefore, it is anticipated that PVP will soon be considered part of a physician's repertoire for managing BPH.
Diversité agricole et patrimoine dans le moyen Rio Negro (Amazonie brésilienne)

La question posee est d'identifier comment les normes et pratiques locales de perception et gestion de l'agrobiodiversite s'articulent aux instruments juridiques de conservation et valorisation de la biodiversite et savoirs associes recemment mis en place au Bresil. L'article comprend deux volets, une proposition methodologique pour une approche interdisciplinaire de l'agrobiodiversite et l'application de cette approche a la region du moyen Rio Negro. Les resultats portent sur l'amplitude de la diversite agricole, le role fondamental de la circulation des varietes et especes cultivees dans le maintien d'une diversite elevee, sa dimension culturelle et regionale. En conclusion, nous mettons en regard la construction patrimoniale de l'agrobiodiversite avec les differents instruments de conservation discutes aujourd'hui au Bresil.
The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics.

The effects of piglet birth weight and liquid milk replacer supplementation of piglets during lactation on growth performance to slaughter weight was evaluated in a study carried out with 32 sows (PIC C-22) and their piglets (n = 384; progeny of PIC Line 337 sires). A randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Treatments were birth weight (Heavy vs Light) and liquid milk replacer (Supplemented vs Unsupplemented). The study was divided into two periods. At the start of period 1 (birth to weaning), pigs were assigned to either Heavy or Light (1.8 [SD = 0.09] vs 1.3 kg [SD = 0.07] BW, respectively, P < 0.001) litters of 12 pigs and half of the litters were given ad libitum access to supplemental milk replacer from d 3 of lactation to weaning (21 +/- 0.2 d). In period 2 (weaning to 110 kg BW), a total of 308 pigs were randomly selected from within previous treatment and sex subclasses and placed in pens of four pigs. Pigs were given ad libitum access to diets that met or exceeded nutrient requirements. Pigs in heavy litters were heavier at weaning (6.6 vs 5.7 kg BW; SE = 0.14; P < 0.001) and tended to have more pigs weaned (11.4 vs 10.9 pigs/litter; SE = 0.21; P = 0.10). After weaning, pigs in the Heavy litter had greater ADG (851 vs 796 g; SE = 6.7; P < 0.001) and ADFI (1,866 vs 1,783 g; SE = 17.6; P < 0.001), similar gain:feed (0.46 vs 0.45; SE = 0.003; P > 0.05), and required seven fewer days (P < 0.001) to reach slaughter weight compared to pigs in the Light treatment. Feeding supplemental milk replacer during lactation produced heavier pigs at weaning (6.6 vs 5.7 kg BW; SE = 0.14; P < 0.001) and tended to increase the number of pigs weaned (11.4 vs 10.9 pigs/litter; SE = 0.21; P = 0.10) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance from weaning to slaughter. However, pigs fed milk replacer required three fewer days (P < 0.01) to reach 110 kg BW. Sow feed intake and BW loss during lactation were not affected (P > 0.05) by either birth weight or milk replacer treatment. In conclusion, birth weight has a substantially greater impact on pig growth performance after weaning than increasing nutrient intake during lactation.
NIR hyperspectral microscopy for planetary science : The MicrOmega instrument and its capability to identify grains of specific composition within samples through automated algorithms

MicrOmega is a NIR hyperspectral microscope that has been selected as part of the ExoMars rover payload. We demonstrate here that this instrument has the capability to map the composition of the collected samples at their grain size and, through automated algorithms, to identify and locate grains of interest (composition-wise) that could be further targeted by other instruments within the ExoMars payload.
Cooling Airflow, Losses, and Temperatures in Large Air-Cooled Synchronous Machines

At steady-state operation, power losses cause a heating of rotating electrical machines. In air-cooled machines, these losses are evacuated by a forced cooling airflow through the active parts. When designing and optimizing such a machine, the design engineer must be able to get a full picture of the power losses, the cooling airflow, and the temperatures inside the active parts (e.g., core laminations, windings) and the periphery (e.g., winding overhangs). The aim of the designer is to fulfill the customer's requirements regarding the guaranteed temperatures. This paper presents a computation method, where the power loss, airflow, and temperature calculations for the world's largest air-cooled hydrogenerators are coupled in an iterative process. The new contribution of this paper is a calculation software developed by the authors. It includes a state-of-the-art loss computation, an automated airflow network, and a set of linked thermal networks. These computations result in a complete overview of the temperature gradients and allow fine tuning of the cooling airflow and, consequently, optimization of ventilation losses.
Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified and indeterminate colitis serologically negative

Background: The value of capsule endoscopy in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified (IBDU) and indeterminate colitis (IC) remains obscure. The aim was to evaluate the clinical impact of capsule endoscopy on IBDU/IC patients with negative serology. Methods: Eighteen patients with long‐standing IBDU (n = 14) and IC (n = 4) were enrolled to undergo a capsule endoscopy and then followed prospectively. Lesions considered diagnostic of Crohn's disease (CD) were 4 or more erosions/ulcers and/or a stricture. The median follow‐up time after capsule endoscopy was 32 ± 11 months (23–54 months). Results: Total enteroscopy was possible in all patients. In 2 patients the examination was normal (Group 1). In 9 patients subtle findings were observed (Group 2): focal villi denudation (n = 1) and fewer than 4 erosions/ulcers (n = 8). In 7 patients, 4 or more erosions/ulcers were detected (Group 3), leading to a diagnosis of CD. However, their treatment was not reassessed on the basis of the capsule findings. Until now, a definitive diagnosis has been achieved in 2 additional patients: 1 from Group 1 (ulcerative colitis) and another patient from Group 2 (CD), who began infliximab infusions. Nine patients remained indeterminate at follow‐up. Conclusions: Although capsule endoscopy enabled the diagnosis of CD in 7 patients, in none of them was the clinical management changed. Moreover, a change in therapy due to a diagnosis of CD was made for only 1 patient, who presented nonspecific findings. Our results suggest that capsule findings are not helpful in the work‐up of these patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010
The Relationship between Online Attention and Share Prices

Our objective is to explore the correlation between stock market and investors’ attention in China’s stock market through empirical analysis method. We use search volume (SV) to represent individual investors’ attention. We choose 1380 a-share stocks in SSE and SZSE from 2008 to 2011. After summarizing time series data of different cross-sections, we get the panel data. According to the fixed effect analysis of panel data, we find that SV can react the changing of individual investors’ attention. An increase in SV predicts higher volume and transaction amount in this week but turn down in the next week in all four years. And the price has the same fluctuation in 2010 and 2011. This is an abnormal phenomenon that more investors pay attention to one stock making its price get lower after a short increase. Through comparing with the analytical result of American, we predict that there will be a stock control and illegal cash in Chinese stock market. The different analytical results between Chinese and American stock market indicated that our stock supervision system is still not perfect.
A Novel Graph-Based Privacy Policy Management System

Privacy and data protection have become a critical issue in recent years. Not surprisingly, many technologies have been proposed to support privacy data management. The widely used access control model, Role Based Access Control (RBAC), significantly simplifies the specification and management of data. In this paper we proposed a privacy-aware system to improve the performance in RBAC, which properly expresses the relationship between data elements. As some vulnerabilities may be raised after certain sensitive data are disclosed, our privacy data graph successfully solved this problem by reducing disclosure of data minimizing overhead. We extend our previous work by refining the definition of roles, thus results in low storage overhead. A full detailed view of the role-based privacy management with experimental results is provided.
Fe2+-catalyzed Site-specific Cleavage of the Large Subunit of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Close to the Active Site*

Previous work has demonstrated that the large subunit (rbcL) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) from wheat is cleaved at Gly-329 by the Fe2+/ascorbate/H2O2 system (Ishida, H., Makino, A., and Mae, T. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5222–5226). In this study, we found that the rbcL could also be cleaved into several other fragments by increasing the incubation time or the Fe2+ concentration. By combining immunoblotting with N-terminal amino acid sequencing, cleavage sites were identified at Gly-404, Gly-380, Gly-329, Ala-296, Asp-203, and Gly-122. Conformational analysis demonstrated that five of them are located in the α/β-barrel, whereas Gly-122 is in the N-terminal domain but near the bound metal in the adjacent rbcL. All of these residues are at or very close to the active site and are just around the metal-binding site within a radius of 12 Å. Furthermore, their CαH groups are completely or partially exposed to the bound metal. A radical scavenger, activation of RuBisCo, or binding of a reaction-intermediate analogue to the activated RuBisCo, inhibited the fragmentation. These results strongly suggest that the rbcL is cleaved by reactive oxygen species generated at the metal-binding site and that proximity and favorable orientation are probably the most important parameters in determining the cleavage sites.
Evaluation of Requirements Collection Strategies for a Constraint-based Recommender System in a Social e-Learning Platform

The NETT Recommender System (NETT-RS) is a constraint-based recommender system that recommends learning resources to teachers who want to design courses. As for many state-of-the-art constraint-based recommender systems, the NETT-RS bases its recommendation process on the collection of requirements to which items must adhere in order to be recommended. In this paper we study the effects of two different requirement collection strategies on the perceived overall recommendation quality of the NETT-RS. In the first strategy users are not allowed to refine and change the requirements once chosen, while in the second strategy the system allows the users to modify the requirements (we refer to this strategy as backtracking). We run the study following the well established ResQue methodology for user-centric evaluation of RS. Our experimental results indicate that backtracking has a strong positive impact on the perceived recommendation quality of the NETT-RS.
Lack of Host Specialization inAspergillus flavus

ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. cause disease in a broad range of organisms, but it is unknown if strains are specialized for particular hosts. We evaluated isolates of Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus nidulansfor their ability to infect bean leaves, corn kernels, and insects (Galleria mellonella). Strains of A. flavus did not affect nonwounded bean leaves, corn kernels, or insects at 22°C, but they killed insects following hemocoelic challenge and caused symptoms ranging from moderate to severe in corn kernels and bean leaves injured during inoculation. The pectinase P2c, implicated in aggressive colonization of cotton bolls, is produced by most A. flavus isolates, but its absence did not prevent colonization of bean leaves. Proteases have been implicated in colonization of animal hosts. All A. flavus strains produced very similar patterns of protease isozymes when cultured on horse lung polymers. Quantitative differences in protease levels did not correlate with the ability to colonize insects. In contrast to A. flavus, strains ofA. nidulans and A. fumigatus could not invade living insect or plant tissues or resist digestion by insect hemocytes. Our results indicate that A. flavus has parasitic attributes that are lacking in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans but that individual strains of A. flavus are not specialized to particular hosts.
Working Paper Series No . 2016-13 Quadratic Voting

N individuals must choose between two collective alternatives. Under Quadratic Voting (QV), individuals buy vote in favor of their preferred alternative from a clearing house, paying the square of the number of votes purchased, and the sum of all votes purchased determines the outcome. Heuristic arguments and experimental results have suggested that this simple, detail-free mechanism is utilitarian efficient. In an independent private-values environment, we rigorously prove that for any value distribution all symmetric Bayes-Nash equilibria of QV converge toward efficiency in large populations, with waste decaying generically as 1/N .
Impacts of Dreissena invasions on benthic macroinvertebrate communities: a meta‐analysis

Dreissenid mussels (the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis) have invaded lakes and rivers throughout North America and Europe, where they have been linked to dramatic changes in benthic invertebrate community diversity and abundance. Through a meta‐analysis of published data from 47 sites, we developed statistical models of Dreissena impact on benthic macroinvertebrates across a broad range of habitats and environmental conditions. The introduction of Dreissena was generally associated with increased benthic macroinvertebrate density and taxonomic richness, and with decreased community evenness (of taxa excluding Dreissena). However, the strength of these effects varied with sediment particle size across sites. The effects of Dreissena differed among taxonomic and functional groups of macroinvertebrates, with positive effects on the densities of scrapers and predators, particularly leeches (Hirudinea), flatworms (Turbellaria), and mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Gastropod densities increased in the presence of Dreissena, but large‐bodied snail taxa tended to decline. Dreissena was associated with declines in the densities sphaeriid clams and other large filter‐feeding taxa, as well as burrowing amphipods (Diporeia spp.), but had strong positive effects on gammarid amphipods. These patterns are robust to variation in the methodology of primary studies. The effects of Dreissena are remarkably concordant with those of ecologically similar species, suggesting universality in the interactions between introduced byssally attached mussels and other macroinvertebrates.
Fitting boxes to Manhattan scenes using linear integer programming

ABSTRACT We propose an approach for automatic generation of building models by assembling a set of boxes using a Manhattan-world assumption. The method first aligns the point cloud with a per-building local coordinate system, and then fits axis-aligned planes to the point cloud through an iterative regularization process. The refined planes partition the space of the data into a series of compact cubic cells (candidate boxes) spanning the entire 3D space of the input data. We then choose to approximate the target building by the assembly of a subset of these candidate boxes using a binary linear programming formulation. The objective function is designed to maximize the point cloud coverage and the compactness of the final model. Finally, all selected boxes are merged into a lightweight polygonal mesh model, which is suitable for interactive visualization of large scale urban scenes. Experimental results and a comparison with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Ensemble Estimation of Distributional Functionals via $k$-Nearest Neighbors

The problem of accurate nonparametric estimation of distributional functionals (integral functionals of one or more probability distributions) has received recent interest due to their wide applicability in signal processing, information theory, machine learning, and statistics. In particular, $k$-nearest neighbor (nn) based methods have received a lot of attention due to their adaptive nature and their relatively low computational complexity. We derive the mean squared error (MSE) convergence rates of leave-one-out $k$-nn plug-in density estimators of a large class of distributional functionals without boundary correction. We then apply the theory of optimally weighted ensemble estimation to obtain weighted ensemble estimators that achieve the parametric MSE rate under assumptions that are competitive with the state of the art. The asymptotic distributions of these estimators, which are unknown for all other $k$-nn based distributional functional estimators, are also presented which enables us to perform hypothesis testing.