Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Child-Related Stressors on the Psychological Functioning of Lower-Income Mothers After Hurricane Katrina

In the present study, the authors examined the role of child-related stressors in the psychological adjustment of lower-income, primarily unmarried and African American, mothers (N = 386). All participants lived in areas affected by Hurricane Katrina, and about a third were also exposed to Hurricane Rita (30.3%, n = 117). Lacking knowledge of a child’s safety during the hurricanes was a significant predictor of heightened postdisaster psychological distress and posttraumatic stress, even after controlling for demographic variables, predisaster psychological distress, evacuation timing, and bereavement. From interviews with a subset of the participants (n = 57), we found that mothers consistently put their own needs behind those of their children. The authors recommend policies that promptly reunite mothers with missing children and support lower-income mothers in caring for their children during natural disasters and the aftermath.
A neuromorphic neural spike clustering processor for deep-brain sensing and stimulation systems

This paper presents algorithm and digital hardware design, inspired by biological spiking neural networks, to perform unsupervised, online spike-clustering with high accuracy and low-power consumption in the context of deep-brain sensing and stimulation systems. The proposed hardware contains 1220 digital neurons and 4.86k latch-based synapses, and achieves the average sorting accuracy of 91% whereas the conventional hardware based on the Osort algorithm achieves 69% for the same datasets. Implemented in a 65nm high-Vth, the processor exhibits a footprint of 0.25mm2/ch. and a power consumption of 9. 3μW/ch. at VDD of 0.3V.
Trade‐Offs between Civil Liberties and National Security: A Discrete Choice Experiment

We explore differences in perception of national security policies between self-identified liberals, moderates, and conservatives from a national sample of U.S. adults. Using a discrete choice experiment, we also quantify each group's willingness to trade off select policies in exchange for reduced risk of a 9/11-style terrorist attack. Relative to other groups, liberals are more likely to view such policies as ineffective and susceptible to government abuse. They also perceive a lower threat of terrorism. All groups are willing to make trade-offs between civil liberties and risk of a terrorist attack. However, loss of civil liberties affects liberals more than conservatives. (JEL D61, H41, H56)
Actual and Ideal Role Perceptions of Instructional Supervisors in the Public Schools of Virginia

ACTUAL AND IDEAL ROLE PERCEPTIONS OF INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISORS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF VIRGINIA by Sandra Clark Richardson The problem of this study was to determine if differences existed in the perceptions of selected public school instructional supervisors regarding the amount of actual and ideal time allocated for identified supervisory roles. The study was conducted during the 1986-87 school year in Virginia. A questionnaire, developed by the researcher, was field tested through a six-week pilot study with 100 instructional supervisors in Virginia, upon validation of the instrument, it was mailed to a randomly selected sample of 363 instructional supervisors in Virginia. A total of 220 respondents (60.6%) returned the questionnaire. Significant differences were found in perceived allocation of actual and ideal time for curriculum development, staff development, program evaluation, providing resources, disseminating information, instructional leadership, and performing administrative duties. Significant differences were also found between supervisory titles and allocation of actual and ideal time for program evaluation and performing administrative duties. In addition, significant differences were found between the perceptions of males and females regarding the amount of actual and ideal time they allocated for program evaluation. Conclusions were based on the findings in this study. It was concluded that instructional supervisors in Virginia are not spending as much time on the selected supervisory roles as they would like. They are spending too much time performing administrative duties. It was also concluded that younger supervisors (30-39) spend more time for staff development, providing resources, and providing instructional leadership than older supervisors. In addition, instructional supervisors with doctorates spend more time for curriculum development, staff development, disseminating information, and instructional leadership than supervisors with other degrees. Furthermore, female supervisors spend more time for curriculum development, staff development, program evaluation, and instructional leadership than male supervisors. Yet, a graduate degree in supervision and a supervisor's gender did not have much influence on the iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. allocation of actual and ideal time for some supervisory roles. Other conclusions relating to the demographic data variables and the allocation of actual and ideal time for the seven identified supervisory roles were drawn.
Bilateral striatal necrosis associated with a novel mutation in the mitochondrial ND6 gene

We report the molecular findings in two independent patients presenting with progressive generalized dystonia and bilateral striatal necrosis in whom we have identified a mutation (T14487C) in the mitochondrial ND6 gene. The mutation is heteroplasmic in all samples analyzed, and it fulfills all accepted criteria of pathogenicity. Transmitochondrial cell lines harboring 100% mutant mitochondrial DNA showed a marked decrease in the activity of complex I of the respiratory chain supporting the pathogenic role of T14487C.
Methods of investigating metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck cancer.

ABSTRACT When dealing with patients who have head and neck cancer - squamous cell carcinoma and have clinically N0 neck disease it is very difficult to assess the real extension of the malignant proccess. This is why several techniques are curently in use to determine the actual TNM clasiffication for each patient in order to apply best suited therapy management. Up until today the staging of the neck has been done by using a combination of the physical exam and conventional imaging studies. Recent studies and research have tried to determine weather the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy is a more reliable tool in predicting occult metastasis in cancer patients with clinically N0 neck disease. There are no guidelines in this matter and as such the use of the sentinel lymph node detection technique is yet to be used on a routine basis. The authors are trying to assess the benefits of different paraclinical investigation regarding the improvement of overall survival rates in patients with T1/T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and N0 neck disease.
The Application of Factor Analysis in Evaluation of China Rural Enterprise Development

The inharmonious of rural enterprise and regional economy development is an important reason to cause the imbalance of China regional economy development.Based on the data of"Agricultural statistics Yearbook"(2006),the paper carries on statistics and sorting to rural enterprise economy development of Chinese 30 provinces and cities with factor analysis,and makes a comparison combining regional total economy strength.The analysis result shows that disproportionality exists in rural enterprise economy development among various areas;Incompatibility exists between rural and regional total economy strength in region.Inharmonious characteristic is presented between rural enterprise economy development and region overall economy development in China.
Disruption of actin‐myosin interactions results in the inhibition of focal adhesion assembly in Xenopus XR1 glial cells

In the present study we have investigated the role of actin‐myosin interactions in regulating focal adhesion assembly in Xenopus XR1 glial cells. Actin‐myosin interactions, stress fiber formation, and focal adhesion assembly are thought to allow cells to exert tension in the surrounding extracellular matrix, a process essential during morphogenesis and wound healing. Immunocytochemical analysis has revealed that myosin heavy chain‐A (MHC‐A), the predominant isoform in XR1 cells, was distributed in a filamentous pattern in the central region but was more diffuse towards the cell periphery. Myosin heavy chain‐A‐like immunoreactivity (IR) partially colocalized with phalloidin stained F‐actin microfilaments in XR1 cells but not with microtubules. Furthermore, MHC‐A‐IR colocalized with immunoreactivity for β1 integrin receptors and vinculin at focal adhesions located more centrally along the ventral surface of the cells. The partial colocalization of MHC‐A with the F‐actin cytoskeleton, as well as at focal adhesions, provides evidence that actin‐myosin interactions may be involved in regulating focal adhesion assembly and stabilization. To examine this possibility, we have used drugs shown to inhibit cell contractility: the kinase inhibitors H7 and HA100, and 2,3‐butanedione 2‐monoxime (BDM), which inhibits muscle and nonmuscle ATPase activity. Compared to control cultures, those treated with the inhibitors exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease in the percentage of cells that displayed focal adhesions. In addition, these cells also displayed disrupted actin cytoskeletons and a similar disruption in myosin filaments. Taken together, these results provide evidence for an important role of actin‐myosin generated forces during focal adhesion assembly in glial cells. GLIA 26:245–259, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyphenols from Root, Tubercles and Grains Cropped in Brazil: Chemical and Nutritional Characterization and Their Effects on Human Health and Diseases

Throughout evolution, plants have developed the ability to produce secondary phenolic metabolites, which are important for their interactions with the environment, reproductive strategies and defense mechanisms. These (poly)phenolic compounds are a heterogeneous group of natural antioxidants found in vegetables, cereals and leguminous that exert beneficial and protective actions on human health, playing roles such as enzymatic reaction inhibitors and cofactors, toxic chemicals scavengers and biochemical reaction substrates, increasing the absorption of essential nutrients and selectively inhibiting deleterious intestinal bacteria. Polyphenols present in some commodity grains, such as soy and cocoa beans, as well as in other vegetables considered security foods for developing countries, including cassava, taro and beetroot, all of them cropped in Brazil, have been identified and quantified in order to point out their bioavailability and the adequate dietary intake to promote health. The effects of the flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds present in these vegetables, their metabolism and their effects on preventing chronic and degenerative disorders like cancers, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular and neurological diseases are herein discussed based on recent epidemiological studies.
Selective profiling of Java applications using dynamic bytecode instrumentation

Instrumentation-based profiling provides a number of benefits, but can also cause high performance overhead. The negative impact of this overhead could be mitigated considerably if only a small part of the target application (e.g. one that has previously been identified as a bottleneck) is instrumented, possibly for a short time only, while the rest of the application code runs at full speed. In this paper we present an experimental profiling system called JFluid, which includes a modified Java/spl trade/ VM and a GUI tool, and addresses both of the above issues. Our tool supports dynamic instrumentation of a group of methods defined as an arbitrary "root" method plus all methods that it calls (a call subgraph). Methods that belong to a call subgraph are revealed and instrumented lazily, to minimise the number of methods instrumented unnecessarily. Measurements that we obtain when performing full and partial program profiling show that the overhead can be reduced substantially using this technique, and that it is more beneficial when used for large server-side Java applications as opposed to small benchmarks.
Trading on Their Terms? Commodity Exporters in the Aftermath of the Commodity Boom

Commodity prices have declined sharply over the past three years, and output growth has slowed considerably among countries that are net exporters of commodities. A critical question for policy makers in these economies is whether commodity windfalls influence potential output. Our analysis suggests that both actual and potential output move together with commodity terms of trade, but that actual output comoves twice as strongly as potential output. The weak commodity price outlook is estimated to subtract 1 to 21/4 percentage points from actual output growth annually on average during 2015-17. The forecast drag on potential output is about one-third of that for actual output.
Initial alignment of point clouds using motors

This paper presents an approach for initial alignment or coarse registration of a partial 3D point cloud of objects. The method is based on computing the centroid of the points in the point cloud, and a line derived from the surface normals. This approach uses conformal geometric algebra and non-linear least squares optimization to achieve the results. The method performs well in experiments, and it is shown that it performs more accurately the more points are sampled.
Latest Advances in Molecular Imaging Instrumentation

This review concentrates on the latest advances in molecular imaging technology, including PET, MRI, and optical imaging. In PET, significant improvements in tumor detection and image resolution have been achieved by introducing new scintillation materials, iterative image reconstruction, and correction methods. These advances enabled the first clinical scanners capable of time-of-flight detection and incorporating point-spread-function reconstruction to compensate for depth-of-interaction effects. In the field of MRI, the most important developments in recent years have mainly been MRI systems with higher field strengths and improved radiofrequency coil technology. Hyperpolarized imaging, functional MRI, and MR spectroscopy provide molecular information in vivo. A special focus of this review article is multimodality imaging and, in particular, the emerging field of combined PET/MRI.
Optimization and realization of anti-interference algorithm to navigation receiver

In this paper, we discuss how to protect satellite signals from strong interference signals. The power inversion (PI) algorithm has been widely used in interference suppression. However, both the interference and the satellite signals are significantly suppressed. Therefore, we further optimized the satellite steering vector and interference steering vector using a multi-star, forming PI approach. To verify the superiority of the new method, we designed an anti-interference hardware platform that includes a seven-element antenna array, a radio frequency (RF) front-end module, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a digital signal processor (DSP)to compare the two algorithms. Using the hardware platform, we compare the traditional PI algorithm to our proposed optimized algorithm using the following three metrics: simulation waveform, direction of arrival (DOA), and positioning. The results show that our method can suppress interference from satellites, resulting in better efficiency than the PI algorithm.
Diagnosis and treatment of metabolic acidosis in calves: a field study

The history and results of a clinical examination were recorded for 32 spring-born suckler calves which were hospitalised for intravenous fluid therapy. Blood samples were taken before treatment, during treatment and before discharge and analysed for colostral status, total carbon dioxide as an indication of acid-base status, and haematocrit. All the calves were given intravenously 5 to 10 litres of electrolyte solution containing 144 mmol/litre sodium, 4 mmol/litre potassium, 113 mmol/litre chloride and 35 mmol/litre bicarbonate, supplemented, in 24 calves, with up to 450 ml of 1M sodium bicarbonate. Nearly all the calves were recumbent but less than half were dehydrated on admission. The signs of dehydration were well correlated with each other and with the haematocrit. Neither the history nor the clinical signs were useful predictors of acidosis. There was no relationship between the severity of acidosis and the degree of dehydration. Acidosis was more prevalent in older calves (P < 0.01). For the severely acidotic calves, supplementary intravenous fluid with sodium bicarbonate significantly (P < 0.05) improved the total blood carbon dioxide at discharge. All 32 calves recovered. It is possible to treat acidotic calves with intravenous fluid therapy effectively, economically and according to their individual needs. The Harleco apparatus is a simple, useful, cost-effective adjunct to the diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition.
Combinatorial synthesis of chemically diverse core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular delivery

Analogous to an assembly line, we employed a modular design for the high-throughput study of 1,536 structurally distinct nanoparticles with cationic cores and variable shells. This enabled elucidation of complexation, internalization, and delivery trends that could only be learned through evaluation of a large library. Using robotic automation, epoxide-functionalized block polymers were combinatorially cross-linked with a diverse library of amines, followed by measurement of molecular weight, diameter, RNA complexation, cellular internalization, and in vitro siRNA and pDNA delivery. Analysis revealed structure-function relationships and beneficial design guidelines, including a higher reactive block weight fraction, stoichiometric equivalence between epoxides and amines, and thin hydrophilic shells. Cross-linkers optimally possessed tertiary dimethylamine or piperazine groups and potential buffering capacity. Covalent cholesterol attachment allowed for transfection in vivo to liver hepatocytes in mice. The ability to tune the chemical nature of the core and shell may afford utility of these materials in additional applications.
A wind turbine two level back-to-back converter power loss study

Wind power conversion systems are a widespread renewable energy source and, as such, have been studied intensely over the past two decades. Wind energy conversion system is connected to the electrical grid through a power converter, an LC filter and a step-up transformer. It is necessary to know the efficiency of the whole energy transfer system and to know the efficiencies of each individual part of that system, i.e. converter, filter and transformer efficiencies, in order to achieve a high-efficiency energy conversion system. This paper presents a simulation model used to determine the grid- and generator-side inverter losses, LC filter and step-up losses, total converter losses and converter efficiency, as well as grid voltage THD and grid and converter current THDs. This paper also decribes the method used to determine the maximum torque per amp (MTPA) algorithm parameters, used to control the generator-side inverter. Simulations were done at nominal operating conditions, as well as for varied DC link and grid voltages, ranging from zero to nominal converter power.
Simultaneous Involvement of a Tungsten-Containing Aldehyde:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase and a Phenylacetaldehyde Dehydrogenase in Anaerobic Phenylalanine Metabolism

ABSTRACT Anaerobic phenylalanine metabolism in the denitrifying betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum is initiated by conversion of phenylalanine to phenylacetate, which is further metabolized via benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA). The formation of phenylacetate is catalyzed by phenylalanine transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, and a phenylacetaldehyde-oxidizing enzyme. The presence of these enzymes was detected in extracts of cells grown with phenylalanine and nitrate. We found that two distinct enzymes are involved in the oxidation of phenylacetaldehyde to phenylacetate, an aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) and a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PDH). Based on sequence comparison, growth studies with various tungstate concentrations, and metal analysis of the enriched enzyme, AOR was shown to be a tungsten-containing enzyme, necessitating specific cofactor biosynthetic pathways for molybdenum- and tungsten-dependent enzymes simultaneously. We predict from the genome sequence that most enzymes of molybdopterin biosynthesis are shared, while the molybdate/tungstate uptake systems are duplicated and specialized paralogs of the sulfur-inserting MoaD and the metal-inserting MoeA proteins seem to be involved in dedicating biosynthesis toward molybdenum or tungsten cofactors. We also characterized PDH biochemically and identified both NAD+ and NADP+ as electron acceptors. We identified the gene coding for the enzyme and purified a recombinant Strep-tagged PDH variant. The homotetrameric enzyme is highly specific for phenylacetaldehyde, has cooperative kinetics toward the substrate, and shows considerable substrate inhibition. Our data suggest that A. aromaticum utilizes PDH as the primary enzyme during anaerobic phenylalanine degradation, whereas AOR is not essential for the metabolic pathway. We hypothesize a function as a detoxifying enzyme if high aldehyde concentrations accumulate in the cytoplasm, which would lead to substrate inhibition of PDH.
Square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet at T=0.

Etude des antiferromagnetiques de Heisenberg a spins 1/2 et 1 sur un reseau carre, via les developpements en series autour de la limite d'Ising. Les series sont calculees pour l'energie de l'etat fondamental, l'aimantation alternee, la susceptibilite transverse, la susceptibilite parallele alternee, et le gap de la masse
Prevalence and significance of occult hepatitis B in a liver transplant population with chronic hepatitis C

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is defined as the detection of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the serum or liver tissue of individuals who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the significance and course of occult HBV in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). A sensitive real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was utilized to test for serum HBV DNA at enrollment and for hepatic HBV DNA within the explant liver. Patients were followed with serum HBsAg and HBV DNA post‐OLT. A total of 56 patients with HCV cirrhosis were enrolled between October 2002 and July 2004; of these, 44 underwent OLT. The overall prevalence of occult HBV based on positive serum HBV DNA was 16 of 56 (28%), and based on positive hepatic HBV DNA (“occult HBV liver”) was 22 of 44 (50%). The presence of serum hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc) and a past history of injection drug use correlated with occult HBV. Explant‐proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in 13 of 22 (59%) patients with occult HBV liver compared to 8 of 22 (36%) patients without occult HBV liver (P = 0.04, odds ratio = 3.1; confidence interval = 2.1‐5.4). Post‐OLT, no cases of HBV reactivation were noted, and there was no significant association between occult HBV and recurrent HCV. In conclusion, occult HBV is far more prevalent in patients with end‐stage HCV than would be expected from its prevalence in the general population. Occult HBV infection is strongly associated with the presence of anti‐HBc, history of injection drug use, and explant‐proven HCC. Liver Transpl 2007. © 2007 AASLD.