Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of human Uch37

Uch37 is a de-ubiquitylating enzyme that is functionally linked with the 26S proteasome via Rpn13, and is essential for metazoan development. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of full-length human Uch37 at 2.95 Å resolution. Uch37's catalytic domain is similar to those of all UCH enzymes characterized to date. The C-terminal extension is elongated, predominantly helical and contains coiled coil interactions. Additionally, we provide an initial characterization of Uch37's oligomeric state and identify a systematic error in previous analyses of Uch37 activity. Taken together, these data provide a strong foundation for further analysis of Uch37's several functions.
Reforming the Middle Years Curriculum in an International School: A Naturalistic Inquiry

This dissertation reports on the experiences of a small group of teachers and administrators as they endeavoured to reform the middle years curriculum of an international school in Japan. This single case study is based primarily upon the observations of the researcher, a middle school teacher at the school and a key participant in the reform process. This study is positioned in the naturalistic paradigm which allows for the accumulation of sufficient knowledge to lead to a holistic understanding of middle years curriculum reform within this context. Reforming the middle years of schooling has received renewed attention in recent years. A new paradigm is emerging about the nature of schooling in this significant stage of life that is now recognised as crucial to the formation of attitudes, values, and habits of mind that shape the individual‘s identity and development as an adult. Despite the growth and status of international schools, very little is known about the nature and processes of middle years curriculum reform in this context. The central aim of this study was to provide a detailed and authentic account of the process of curriculum reform that can validate, guide and extend the current body of knowledge on middle years curriculum reform and is meaningful and useful to educators in the international school context. Three dimensions of reform emerged in this study: the process of reform, identified as a multidimensional and interconnected process that ventured through six identifiable phases; the product of the reform, the Humankind Curriculum, was found to have its core features grounded in shared understandings of effective middle schooling; and the dynamics of change, which revealed a professional learning community as the catalyst for change, with the interplay of relational trust, leadership, interpersonal relationships and collaboration as empowering the capacity for reculturing the middle school. While the findings contribute to the current body of knowledge on middle school reform in the international school context, they also provide direction for further discussion, exploration and research.
Retrieving Task-Related Clusters from Change History

During software maintenance tasks, developers often spend an important amount of effort investigating source code. This effort can be reduced if tools are available to help developers navigate the source code effectively. For this purpose, we propose to search the change history of a software system to identify clusters of program elements related to a task. We evaluated the feasibility of this idea with an extensive historical analysis of change data. Our study evaluated to what extent change sets approximating tasks could have benefited from knowledge about clusters of past changes. A study of 3500 change sets for seven different systems and covering a cumulative time span of close to 12 years of development shows that less than 12% of the changes could have benefited from change clusters. We report on our observations on the factors that influence how we can use change clusters to guide program navigation.
How To Do It.

INTRODUCTION Folstein and colleagues published the Mini Mental State examination (MMSE) for brief quantitative assessment of cognitive function 30 years ago (Folstein et al. 1975). Since then it has been translated into many languages and has become the most widely used brief test of cognition in clinical and research settings, with adequate validation. The aim of the examination is to: • screen for cognitive impairment • assess the severity of any impairment • monitor change by serial testing It relies heavily on verbal cognitive function at the expense of nondominant hemisphere skills and is vulnerable to the vagaries of scoring by different observers. Nevertheless, it has stood the test of time and provides a common and widely understood tool to measure global cognitive function.
Playing Mating Games in Foreign Cultures: A Conceptual Framework and an Experimental Paradigm for Inductive Trivariate Inference

A conceptual framework is presented for studying trivariate inference, in which the influence of a primary independent factor, x, on a dependent variable, y, depends on a secondary factor, z. In two experiments, this was operationalized as the contingency between mating strategies, x, and mating success, y, for targets stemming from different tribes, z. In Experiment 1, z was manipulated to produce four contingency types: control, orthogonal, suppressor, and spurious correlations. Performance variation was not restricted by encoding capacity; explicit and implicit measures were more accurate at the trivariate level than at the bivariate level of assessment. Aside from normal regression effects, neither task complexity nor competition among influence factors led to impaired performance. Impairment was evident mainly in a radical discounting effect for spurious correlations due to representational conflicts. Experiment 2 demonstrates that the difficulties with spurious correlations can be overcome when temporal cues disambiguate the joint influence of x and z on y.
psRNATarget: a plant small RNA target analysis server

Plant endogenous non-coding short small RNAs (20–24 nt), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and a subset of small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs), play important role in gene expression regulatory networks (GRNs). For example, many transcription factors and development-related genes have been reported as targets of these regulatory small RNAs. Although a number of miRNA target prediction algorithms and programs have been developed, most of them were designed for animal miRNAs which are significantly different from plant miRNAs in the target recognition process. These differences demand the development of separate plant miRNA (and ta-siRNA) target analysis tool(s). We present psRNATarget, a plant small RNA target analysis server, which features two important analysis functions: (i) reverse complementary matching between small RNA and target transcript using a proven scoring schema, and (ii) target-site accessibility evaluation by calculating unpaired energy (UPE) required to ‘open’ secondary structure around small RNA’s target site on mRNA. The psRNATarget incorporates recent discoveries in plant miRNA target recognition, e.g. it distinguishes translational and post-transcriptional inhibition, and it reports the number of small RNA/target site pairs that may affect small RNA binding activity to target transcript. The psRNATarget server is designed for high-throughput analysis of next-generation data with an efficient distributed computing back-end pipeline that runs on a Linux cluster. The server front-end integrates three simplified user-friendly interfaces to accept user-submitted or preloaded small RNAs and transcript sequences; and outputs a comprehensive list of small RNA/target pairs along with the online tools for batch downloading, key word searching and results sorting. The psRNATarget server is freely available at http://plantgrn.noble. org/psRNATarget/.
Distributed real-time soccer tracking

Tracking objects that take part in sportive events is a challenging task because the objects move fast and occlusions occur frequently. When the tracked area is large, the use of more than one high resolution cameras improve accuracy, but leads to a huge amount of data to be processed and fused. The cameras are usually placed to maximize the covering area, and thus the tracked objects are small, usually 10 to 40 pixels height. This paper presents a new approach to this kind of application, where the tracking procedures are not applied to the whole images, but to small images taken from the cameras. Given a specific location of the tracked area, the system is able to return a set of small images (say 60x60 pixels) centered on that location, one from each camera, and the tracking procedures are applied to these images. Each object can be tracked individually by an independent module of the system, and each module can apply different tracking techniques depending on specific visual characteristics. The paper describes a real-time distributed implementation of such system, and presents a new mechanism to detect objects in small images using a gradient reference frame.
Vector Routing for Delay Tolerant Networks

Recently, much research work has paid attention to delay tolerant networks (DTNs), which are networks with a frequent occurrences of network partitioning. Since the successful establishment of an end-to-end path between source and destination nodes is not guaranteed in these networks, routing is a challenging issue. In typical routing protocols for DTNs such as epidemic routing, they depend on data replication techniques over multiple paths for reliable data delivery. However, they invoke a large number of duplicated packets in the network. This paper therefore proposes an efficient routing (called vector routing) by utilizing the vector of node movements. In vector routing, the direction and velocity of nodes are calculated from the location information of nodes, and then nodes efficiently decide which nodes should take replicated packets as well as the number of packets to replicate. Using ns-2 simulation with two different mobility models, namely random waypoint and manhattan mobility models, we verify that vector routing performs better than epidemic routing in terms of less amount of traffic incurred without loss of packet delivery ratio.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The family and social context

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common diagnosis among school-aged children and needs to be understood within the context of cultural expectations. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the effects on mothers of boys diagnosed with ADHD. Family members were interviewed five times, at 3-month intervals. The boys' teachers were interviewed twice. Convenience sampling was used to choose three couples (and other family members), who had a son, aged 9, diagnosed with ADHD. This paper focuses on the results of interviews with mothers and target boys. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews yielded several themes, including parental stress, societal expectations, parental confidence and side-effects of medication. Mothers reported that parenting a child diagnosed with ADHD has a significant social, emotional and personal impact. Results indicate that while medication overall had positive outcomes, there were some side-effects for the boys, including negative reactions to the ADHD diagnosis.
An Empirical Study Into the Structure and Regulation of Instructional Interactions in Literacy Practices

This article tries to analyze instructional interactions in which one participant structures the overall solving of the task so that the other participant appropiates the skills and abilities that were accomplished jointly. Another primary interest is to examine the semiotic mechanisms involved in the instructor–learner interaction. Results from a study conducted with adult subjects grouped into dyads of instructor and learner are presented. Analysis focused on the instructional actions adopted by the instructor during the development of the task, on the structure and nature of actions of placing, its regulation, the strategical levels of these actions, and the use of different referential perspectives to solve the task. The results showed differences in some aspects of instructional interactions in relationship with participants' literacy level.
Evaluation of adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was the assessment of clinical, biochemical, and histologic effects of intraarticular administered adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was induced arthroscopically in the middle carpal joint of all horses, the contralateral joint being sham‐operated. All horses received treatment on Day 14. Eight horses received placebo treatment and eight horses received adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction in their osteoarthritis‐affected joint. The final eight horses were treated the in osteoarthritis‐affected joint with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. Evaluations included clinical, radiographic, synovial fluid analysis, gross, histologic, histochemical, and biochemical evaluations. No adverse treatment‐related events were observed. The model induced a significant change in all but two parameters, no significant treatment effects were demonstrated, with the exception of improvement in synovial fluid effusion PGE2 levels with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells when compared to placebo. A greater improvement was seen with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells when compared to adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction and placebo treatment. Overall, the findings of this study were not significant enough to recommend the use of stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis represented in this model. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1675–1680, 2009
Determinants of intention to quit: Confirmation and extension of western theories in male chinese smokers

Constructs from the Health Beliefs Model and Social Cognitive theory were used to predict intentions to quit in three disparate sub-samples (medical workers, teachers and factory workers) of male Chinese smokers (n = 631). The intention to quit smoking was directly predicted by the importance the smoker places in quitting (change incentive) and their self-efficacy (accounting for 74% of the variance). Self-efficacy, in turn, was predicted by perceived barriers and by change incentive. Change incentive was predicted by self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and importance of benefits of quitting (outcome incentive). Health belief model variables susceptibility and severity were predictors of both outcome expectancy and outcome incentive. The results were largely replicated with each of the three sub-samples. We conclude that these models of health behaviour apply to Chinese smokers, with constructs from the Social Cognitive theory being primary.
Rainbow Hamilton Cycles in Uniform Hypergraphs

Let $K_n^{(k)}$ be the complete $k$-uniform hypergraph, $k\ge3$, and let $\ell$ be an integer such that $1\le \ell\le k-1$ and $k-\ell$ divides $n$. An $\ell$-overlapping Hamilton cycle in $K_n^{(k)}$ is a spanning subhypergraph $C$ of $K_n^{(k)}$ with $n/(k-\ell)$ edges and such that for some cyclic ordering of the vertices each edge of $C$ consists of $k$ consecutive vertices and every pair of adjacent edges in $C$ intersects in precisely $\ell$ vertices. We show that, for some constant $c=c(k,\ell)$ and sufficiently large $n$, for every coloring (partition) of the edges of $K_n^{(k)}$ which uses arbitrarily many colors but no color appears more than $cn^{k-\ell}$ times, there exists a rainbow $\ell$-overlapping Hamilton cycle $C$, that is every edge of $C$ receives a different color. We also prove that, for some constant $c'=c'(k,\ell)$ and sufficiently large $n$, for every coloring of the edges of $K_n^{(k)}$ in which the maximum degree of the subhypergraph induced by any single color is bounded by $c'n^{k-\ell}$, there exists a properly colored $\ell$-overlapping Hamilton cycle $C$, that is every two adjacent edges receive different colors. For $\ell=1$, both results are (trivially) best possible up to the constants. It is an open question if our results are also optimal for $2\le\ell\le k-1$. The proofs rely on a version of the Lovasz Local Lemma and incorporate some ideas from Albert, Frieze, and Reed.
The boomerang effect: retrieving scientific documents via the network of references and citations

The theory of polyrepresentation [2, 3] provides a theoretical background for how to exploit such features. In summary, the theory hypothesises that overlaps between different cognitive representations of both users’ information needs as well as documents can be exploited for reducing the uncertainties inherent in IR, and thereby improve the performance of IR systems. Two or more different cognitive representations pointing at the same documents is regarded as multi-evidence of those documents being relevant, and suggests to apply a principle of ‘intentional redundancy’ [2] with the purpose of reducing the uncertainties by placing emphasis on overlaps between representations. Better results are expected when cognitively unlike representations are used, e.g., the document title (made by the author) vs. intellectually assigned descriptors from indexers.
Evaluation of a Ropes Course Experience for At-Risk Secondary School Students

This study evaluated the effects of a one-day ropes course on students' classroom involvement and affiliation. Middle and junior high school students who participated in the ropes course were from classes designed for students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Using the Classroom Environment Scale (CES) Short Form, students evaluated their relationships with peers in their classrooms before and after the ropes course. Small changes in scores were detected using the CES: two classes of students at risk for internalizing behavior problems had a significant increase (p < .05) in feelings of involvement, and the middle school classes (in aggregate) had a statistically significant decrease (p < .05) in their affiliation scores. Responses to an open-ended survey were mostly positive. Further study with larger groups of students and, perhaps, more intense and focused intervention at the ropes course seems warranted.
Supplementary Material for the paper : Higher-order Co-occurrence Features based on Discriminative Co-clusters for Image Classification

As described in Sec.2. 2, suppose we obtain the (classifier) weight W on R×R, actually W ∈ RL×L + by finely partitioning the domain space R into L bins. Let xi ∈ Rd represent the quantitative data at the i-th bin, and it is augmented as x̃i j = [xi x j ] ∈ R2d to represent the i, j-th joint bin corresponding to the element Wi j on R×R. We normalize the weight by W ←W /∑i j Wi j such that it is regarded as the probability distribution, p(x̃i j) Wi j, to which the EM method is applied. Given the number of co-clusters D, the EM method [3] is applied on the probability distribution W as follows.
Genetic basis of tristyly in tetraploid Oxalis alpina (Oxalidaceae)

The inheritance of style-morphs was investigated in tetraploid populations of tristylous Oxalis alpina (Oxalidaceae) to determine if alleles controlling style-morphs are expressed at duplicated loci. In tetraploid populations, a dominant S allele leads to expression of the short-styled phenotype at the short/non-short locus and is epistatic to the M allele at the mid/long locus. The M allele results in expression of the mid-styled phenotype but only if the S allele is absent. Long-styled morphs are homozygous recessive at the short and mid loci. Test crosses of many tetraploid short-styled individuals resulted in segregations of short-, mid- and long-styled individuals which, because of linkage between the short and mid loci, can only occur with polyploidy and expression of alleles at duplicated loci. Segregation patterns from three crosses suggest the possibility of disomic inheritance via preferential pairing of chromosomes in tetraploid populations of O. alpina. Segregation patterns in the progeny of mid-styled individuals indicated that only a few individuals had more than one copy of the M allele, despite the potential for accumulation of M alleles via self-fertilization of partially self-compatible mid-styled morphs in some populations. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 308–318.
A conventional polymerase chain reaction-based method for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis in stool samples from individuals in a low-endemicity area

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to detect Schistosoma mansoni DNA in stool samples from individuals living in a low-endemicity area in Brazil. Of the 125 initial stool samples, 80 were ELISA reactive and eggs were identified in 19 of the samples by parasitological examination. For the PCR evaluations, 56 stool samples were selected and divided into five groups. Groups I-IV were scored negative for S. mansoni eggs by parasitological examination. Groups I and II were ELISA reactive, whereas Groups III and IV were ELISA nonreactive. Groups II and III were positive for other intestinal parasites. PCR testing scored eight samples as positive from these four groups. Group V represented the S. mansoni -positive group and it included ELISA-reactive samples that were scored positive for S. mansoni by one or more parasitological examinations (6/19 were positive by Kato-Katz method, 9/17 by saline gradient and 10/13 by Helmintex®). PCR scored 13 of these 19 samples as positive for S. mansoni . We conclude that while none of these methods yielded 100% sensitivity, a combination of techniques should be effective for improving the detection of S. mansoni infection in low-endemicity areas.
Model-based head pose estimation for air-traffic controllers

A method for estimating the point of fixation of an air traffic controller from a low resolution video sequence is presented. A geometric model of the head is used to estimate head orientation; head pose estimates are combined with a 3D model of the environment to compute the target of gaze. The head model is constructed from a small set of images. Two lighting models are considered: in the first, we only use ambient lighting; in the second, we add a finite distance point source. In both cases, we jointly estimate the albedo of each facet of the head model and the parameters of the lighting model. Because ground-truth data are unavailable, the absolute accuracy of the gaze estimates is unknown. With either method, the results are sufficiently accurate to answer questions of operational interest, such as "is the controller looking out the window".
An oxidized derivative of linoleic acid affects aldosterone secretion by adrenal cells in vitro.

Based on the clinical observation that humans with visceral adiposity have higher plasma aldosterone levels than controls, we postulated that endogenous fatty acids can be oxidized by the liver to form stimuli of the adrenal cortex. Although we could show that hepatocytes produced adrenal stimuli from linoleic acid in vitro, the yield was very small. To facilitate the elucidation of chemical structures, we incubated a large amount of linoleic acid with lipoxygenase, then treated the hydroperoxide with cysteine and iron. The major product of this process was 12,13-epoxy-9-keto-10-trans-octadecenoic acid. This epoxy-keto compound stimulated aldosterone production at concentrations from 0.5 to 15 microm. At higher concentrations, it was inhibitory. The epoxy-keto-octadecenoic acid exhibited the chromatographic characteristics of one product of the incubation of linoleic acid with hepatocytes. The results are consistent with the postulated conversion of linoleic acid to stimuli of aldosterone production. This may be a mechanistic link between visceral obesity and hypertension in humans.