Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of ethical climate types on nurses’ behaviors in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Background: The performance of nurses has become vital in hospitals. Some studies have suggested that nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate in their hospitals are related to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and in turn lessen the issue of nursing shortage. Hypothesis: (1) The ethical climate types “caring,” “independent,” “law and code,” and “rules” have a significant positive impact on overall job satisfaction. (2) The ethical climate types and overall job satisfaction have significant positive influences on normative and affective and significant negative influences on continuance commitment. Research design: The study uses path analysis to understand which types of ethical climate impact overall job satisfaction. It also tries to find the effect of different types of ethical climate and overall job satisfaction on the components of organizational commitment. The relationships between variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study. Participants and research context: A total of 171 useful questionnaires were collected from nurses working in public and private hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ethical considerations: Formal research approval was obtained from the administration of each study hospital. Questionnaires with a cover letter were mailed to the hospitals that agreed to participate in the study. In the cover letter, the researchers explained the study purpose, encouraged nurses’ voluntary participation, and guaranteed the anonymity of participants. Findings: In the first path analyses, “rules” and “caring” climates significantly and positively affected overall job satisfaction. In the second one, while overall job satisfaction and “rules” climate significantly influenced normative commitment, “caring” climate and overall job satisfaction significantly affected affective commitment. Discussion: The findings of the study have been convenient with the literature. Conclusion: Public and private hospitals can enhance overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment by altering the ethical climate of organizations. Hospital administrations should nurture caring and rule types of ethical climate which influence overall satisfaction. By this way, they could reduce nursing shortage.
[Measuring accuracy in a post-enumeration survey].

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census will use a post-enumeration survey to measure the coverage of the 1990 Decennial Census. The Census Bureau has developed and tested new procedures aimed at increasing the accuracy of the survey. This paper describes the new methods. It discusses the categories of error that occur in a post-enumeration survey and means of evaluation to determine that the results are accurate. The new methods and the evaluation of the methods are discussed in the context of a recent test post-enumeration survey. "
Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Pulmonary Endothelial Function and Gas Exchange in Rabbits with Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury

BACKGROUND:Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been therapeutically applied to aid vascular repair and myocardial regeneration. The number of circulating EPCs also provides invaluable outcome prediction for fatal diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, evidence for the therapeutic potential of EPCs in subjects with ALI/ADRS is limited. METHODS:Circulating EPCs were obtained from rabbits using Ficoll centrifugation. One week after culturing EPCs in endothelial growth medium-2, ALI was induced in rabbits by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (500 &mgr;g/kg). Autologous EPCs or saline were administered IV after induction of ALI and animals were killed 2 days later. Pulmonary artery endothelial function and gas exchange were determined. Degrees of lung injury were assessed by alveolocapillary permeability, lung hemoglobin content, and myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS:In comparison with controls, PO2 in arterial blood was significantly elevated and pulmonary artery endothelium-dependent relaxation response was restored in rabbits receiving EPC transplantation. Lung water, Evan's blue, and bronchoalveolar lavage protein contents were significantly reduced in the EPC transplanted group, indicating a better preservation of the alveolocapillary membrane. Transplantation of EPCs decreased the lung hemoglobin level. Furthermore, expressions of CD11b and myeloperoxidase activity were also suppressed after administration of EPCs. CONCLUSIONS:Transplantation of EPCs restored pulmonary endothelial function, preserved integrity of the alveolocapillary barrier and suppressed the lung inflammatory response, thereby improving pulmonary gas exchange in rabbits with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI. Transplantation of EPCs can be a novel cell-based, endothelium-targeted therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS.
Extreme pulse-front tilt from an etalon

Angular dispersion—whether from prisms, diffraction gratings, or etalons—is well known to result in a pulse-front tilt. Focusing into a tilted etalon, in particular, generates a huge angular dispersion, which is very useful for high-resolution spectrometers and pulse shapers. Here we demonstrate experimentally that, due to the large angular dispersion (∼3°/nm), the pulse directly out of an etalon can have a huge pulse-front tilt—89.9°—which can cause one side of a few-millimeter-wide beam to lead the other by 1 m, that is, several nanoseconds. We propagated a 700 ps near-transform-limited pulse through the etalon and measured the resulting spatiotemporal field, confirming this result. To make this measurement, we used a high-spectral-resolution version of crossed-beam spectral interferometry, which used a high-resolution etalon spectrometer. We also performed simulations, which we found to be in good agreement with our measurements.
Neoplastic transformation induced by an activated lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (pp56lck)

The lck proto-oncogene encodes a lymphocyte-specific member of the src family of protein tyrosine kinases. Here we demonstrate that pp56lck is phosphorylated in vivo at a carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue (Tyr-505) analogous to Tyr-527 of pp60c-src. Substitution of phenylalanine for tyrosine at this position resulted in increased phosphorylation of a second tyrosine residue (Tyr-394) and was associated with an increase in apparent kinase activity. In addition, this single point mutation unmasked the oncogenic potential of pp56lck in NIH 3T3 cell transformation assays. Viewed in the context of similar results obtained with pp60c-src, it is likely that the enzymatic activity and transforming ability of all src-family protein tyrosine kinases can be regulated by carboxy-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that overexpression of pp56lck in the murine T-cell lymphoma LSTRA as a result of a retroviral insertion event produces a kinase protein that despite wild-type primary structure is nevertheless hypophosphorylated at Tyr-505. Thus, control of normal growth in this lymphoid cell line may have been abrogated through acquisition of a posttranslationally activated version of pp56lck.
Subclassification of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinomas Lacking Morphologic Differentiation on Biopsy Specimens: Utility of an Immunohistochemical Panel Containing TTF-1, Napsin A, p63, and CK5/6

The availability of targeted therapies has created a need for precise subtyping of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of immunohistochemical markers in subtyping poorly differentiated NSCLC and to compare the results of immunohistochemical staining on biopsies with the corresponding resections. Thirty-nine cases of NSCLC that could not be further classified on biopsy and had subsequent resection specimens were identified. Classification of the tumor was based on the resection specimen using the World Health Organization criteria. All biopsies and resections were stained with CK7, TTF-1, napsin A (novel aspartic proteinase of the pepsin family), p63, CK5/6, and 34&bgr;E12. The specimens included 20 adenocarcinomas (ACs), 15 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 4 large-cell carcinomas (LCCs). TTF-1 was positive in biopsies from 16 of 20 ACs, 2 of 4 LCCs, and none of the SCCs. p63 was positive in all 15 SCCs, 2 of 20 ACs (both were also positive for TTF-1 and napsin A), and none of the LCCs. CK5/6 was positive in 11 of 15 SCCs (all p63 positive) but none of the ACs or LCCs. Napsin A stained 11 of 19 ACs (all TTF-1 positive) but none of the other tumors. Staining for CK7 was present in 19 of 19 ACs and 9 of 15 SCCs. 34&bgr;E12 stained both SCCs (15 of 15) and ACs (12 of 20). The combination of TTF-1, napsin A, p63, and CK5/6 allowed an accurate classification of 30 of39 (77%) cases. Of 232 pairs of slides (biopsy and resection) stained with immunohistochemical markers, 12 (5%) showed discrepancies in immunohistochemical staining between biopsies and their corresponding resections. Immunohistochemical staining using a combination of TTF-1, napsin A, p63, and CK5/6 allows subclassification of poorly differentiated NSCLCs on small lung biopsies in most cases. Discrepancies in immunohistochemical staining between biopsies and resections are uncommon.
Variability in measurement of extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis as displayed by both digital subtraction and magnetic resonance angiography: an assessment of three caliper techniques and visual impression of stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The degree of stenosis in the extracranial internal carotid artery helps predict the risk of an individual suffering subsequent cerebrovascular ischemic events. Different techniques have evolved to measure stenosis from angiograms, leading to some confusion and a call for the adoption of a single technique. To help choose the most reliable technique, this study assessed observer variability in reporting carotid stenosis for four different techniques, from both digital subtraction (DSA) and MR angiograms (MRA). Three of the techniques used caliper measurements; the fourth was the visual impression of stenosis. METHODS From a total of 137 angiograms, caliper measurements were possible on 105 DSAs and 74 MRAs. Measurements from these angiograms were made by two independent observers on two separate occasions to assess interobserver and intraobserver variation in reporting. RESULTS For DSA, the variability in reporting and the number of clinically significant differences arising as a result were similar for each of the four techniques. While the typical measurement errors for each of the techniques studied were on the order of +/- 5%, each technique produced some sizable individual differences for the same angiogram, with resultant wide 95% limits of agreement. Observer variability for reporting MRA was generally a little greater than for DSA. Compared with the caliper techniques, the visual impression of stenosis technique performed well, particularly for MRA. CONCLUSIONS Although observer variability in reporting can be considerable, no important differences were found among the different techniques widely used for measuring carotid stenosis.
Image analysis of p53 and cyclin D1 expression in premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa.

OBJECTIVE The expression of p53 and cyclin D1 proteins was analyzed by image analysis in oral premalignant lesions and normal oral mucosa. STUDY DESIGN Punch biopsies from the normal oral mucosa were obtained from 20 normal donors and 41 patients with oral dysplastic leukoplakias. After controlled formaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding, immunohistochemistry was used to detect cyclin D1 and p53. Image analysis was performed using stain intensity levels established by determining color thresholds (nuclear score) in the basal and parabasal layers. RESULTS Analysis of sections showed a similar pattern: only two normal donors had a few intensely positive p53 cells in the basal layer of the floor of the mouth and the tongue epithelia. Similarly, only three donors had intensely positive cyclin D1 cells in the normal epithelia of the same sites. Most cells fell in the range of negative or marginal stain (lower quartiles or terciles of nuclear score). These data on normal mucosa were compared with low grade oral leukoplakias (LGD) with mild to moderate dysplasia and with high grade leukoplakias (HGD) with severe dysplasia. Both markers were differentially expressed in precursor lesions versus normal epithelia. Statistical analysis of our data shows that the intensity of the immunohistochemical stain, as reflected in the nuclear scores of p53, is a reliable parameter that can differentiate between LGD and HGD of the oral mucosa. This was especially true when higher nuclear scores were compared. In contrast, low nuclear scores are more effective in differentiating normal epithelia from dysplastic epithelia. Although cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry does not stain as intensely as p53 stain, similar conclusions can be derived from those data. CONCLUSION Image analysis of these two markers proved useful in distinguishing normal oral epithelia from low grade and high grade leukoplakias. With further developments in this field it is hoped that image analysis procedures could be used in different types of studies in which variations of protein expression in tissue sections could have prognostic implications or could be useful to determine subtle effects of curative or preventive treatment.
Mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with increased cortical degeneration

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can occur early in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its presence increases the risk of developing dementia. Determining the cortical changes associated with MCI in PD, thus, may be useful in predicting the future development of dementia. To address this objective, 37 patients with PD, divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence MCI (18 with and 19 without) and 16 matched controls, underwent anatomic magnetic resonance imaging. Corticometry analyses were performed to measure the changes in cortical thickness and surface area as well as their correlation with disease duration. Compared with healthy controls, the PD‐MCI group exhibited increased atrophy and changes of local surface area in the bilateral occipital, left temporal, and frontal cortices; whereas the PD non‐MCI group exhibited only unilateral thinning and decreased surface area in the occipital lobe and in the frontal cortex. In addition, a comparison between the PD‐MCI and PD non‐MCI groups revealed increased local surface area in the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and postcentral gyrus for the cognitively impaired patients. It is noteworthy that, in the PD‐MCI group, cortical thickness had a significant negative correlation with disease duration in the precentral, supramarginal, occipital, and superior temporal cortices; whereas, in the PD non‐MCI group, such a correlation was absent. The findings from this study reveal that, at the same stage of PD evolution, the presence of MCI is associated with a higher level of cortical changes, suggesting that cortical degeneration is increased in patients with PD because of the presence of MCI. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Charged string tensor networks

Tensor networks in physics can be traced back to a 1971 paper by Penrose (1). Such network diagrams appear in digital circuit theory, and they form the foundations of quantum computing—starting with the work of Feynman and others in the 1980s (2) and further extended by Deutsch in his ’’quantum computational network model’’ (3). Building on a series of results (4⇓–6), Liu et al. (7) recently developed a topological variant of tensor networks that, among other results, led to their discovery of an elegant charged string braiding for the controlled NOT gate (also known as the Feynman gate). Fig. 1. Lafont’s 2003 categorical model of quantum circuits included the bialgebra ( D ) and Hopf ( G ) relations between the building blocks needed to form a controlled NOT gate. The practical utility of using Baez–Dolan † categories (10) to describe quantum circuits (6, 9) is that category theory provides a graphical language that fully dictates the types of admissible relationships and transformations to reason about the interaction of network components. ( A ) Associativity; ( B ) gate unit laws; ( C ) symmetry; ( E ) copy laws; ( F ) unit scalar given as a blank on the page. Redrawn from ref. 9. Category theory is a branch of mathematics well suited to describe a wide range of networks (8). Quantum circuits were first given a ’’categorical model’’ in pioneering work by Lafont in 2003 (9), and dagger compact closed categories (10), also called Baez–Dolan † categories, were first derived to describe standard quantum theory as well as classes of topological quantum field theories in seminal work published in 1995 (10). (See ref. 8 for a well-written review of categorical quantum mechanics.) Liu et al. (7) formulated their topological model, in part, using category theory. For practical purposes, the graphical language turns out to be mathematically equivalent to … [↵][1]1Email: jacob.biamonte{at}qubit.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Micropatterning Proteins and Synthetic Peptides on Solid Supports: A Novel Application for Microelectronics Fabrication Technology

In this paper, we describe a method for immobilizing proteins and synthesizing peptides in micrometer‐dimension patterns on solid supports. Microelectronics fabrication technology was adapted and used to lithographically direct the location of immobilization of proteins on appropriately derivatized surfaces. As examples, we micropatterned the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The catalytic activity of HRP was shown to be retained after being cross‐linked to the support. When coupled with solid‐phase peptide synthesis, the technique allowed synthetic peptides to be constructed in patterns again having micrometer dimensions. Synthetic polypeptides, polylysine, were constructed in patterns with dimensions that approached the practical limit of resolution for optical lithography at 1–2 μman. The patterns of immobilized molecules and synthetic peptides were visualized using histochemical methods together with light and fluorescence microscopy. The protein and peptide patterning technique described here is an advance in the field of bioelectronics. In particular, it should now be possible to devise novel methods for interfacing with biological systems and constructing new devices for incorporation into miniaturized biosensors.
Effect of decoyinine on the regulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in Bacillus subtilis

Decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, allows sporulation in Bacillus subtilis to initiate and proceed under otherwise catabolite-repressing conditions. The effect of decoyinine on alpha-amylase synthesis in B. subtilis, an event which exhibits regulatory features resembling sporulation initiation, was examined. Decoyinine did not overcome catabolite repression of alpha-amylase synthesis in a wild-type strain of B. subtilis but did cause premature and enhanced synthesis in a mutant strain specifically blocked in catabolite repression of alpha-amylase synthesis. Decoyinine had no effect on alpha-amylase enzymatic activity. Thus, it appears that the catabolite control mechanisms governing alpha-amylase synthesis and sporulation in B. subtilis differ in their responses to decoyinine and hence must consist at least partially of separate components.
The first skull of the earliest giant panda

Fossils of the giant panda Ailuropoda (Order Carnivora, Family Ursidae) are largely isolated teeth, mandibles, and a few rare skulls, known from the late Pliocene to late Pleistocene in China and Southeast Asia. Much of this material represents a Pleistocene chronospecies, Ailuropoda baconi, an animal larger than the living giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. The earliest certain record of Ailuropoda is the late Pliocene chronospecies, Ailuropoda microta, smaller than either A. baconi or A. melanoleuca, and previously known only from teeth and a few mandibles from karst caves in south China. Here, we report the discovery of the first skull of A. microta, establishing its cranial anatomy and demonstrating that the specialized cranial and dental adaptations of Ailuropoda for durophagous feeding behavior centered on bamboo were already evident in this late Pliocene species. The skull from Jinyin cave (Guangxi) and dental remains from other karst localities in southeastern China show that Ailuropoda microta occupied south China from ≈2 to 2.4 Myr ago after a marked global climatic deterioration. Dental and basicranial anatomy indicate a less specialized morphology early in the history of the lineage and support derivation of the giant panda from the Miocene Asian ursid Ailurarctos
Helicobacter pylori eradication: Novel therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura? A review of the literature

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) from the gastric mucosa has been associated with improvement of several systemic diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Over the last 5 years, several studies have reported improved platelet counts in H. pylori‐positive ITP patients following standard triple H. pylori eradication therapy. Review of published studies in which eradication of H. pylori has been performed in the ITP population indicates an overall response rate of 52% in 193 subjects in whom H. pylori was eradicated. Cohorts from Japan and Italy report higher response rates. There is no established mechanism to explain how this organism, which does not invade the gastric mucosa, could be implicated in the pathogenesis of this immune‐based platelet disorder. Several theories including molecular mimicry, platelet aggregation, and immunomodulatory effects of macrolides have been proposed to explain the platelet response to anti‐H. pylori therapy. Large randomized‐controlled studies enrolling patients from various ethnic backgrounds will be necessary to determine the response rate and mechanism of response and to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ITP. Am. J. Hematol. 78:142–150, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A THEOREM ON CONVEX BODIES AND APPLICATIONS TO BANACH SPACES.

In my paper "A Theorem on Convex Bodies and Applications to Banach Spaces," these PROCEEDINGS, 45, 223-226 (1959), I wish to substitute the following for the first paragraph on p. 225: Let 1/3 > e > 0 and assume that no Ek intersects the boundary of C on a set contained in (1 e)p < IlxJH < (1 + E)p. Let V'[U'] be the projection (from the origin) on S, of the boundary points of C lying outside (1 + E) p Sn [inside (1 e) p Sn]. Since, by assumption, vn, k(V' U U') = 1 it follows that IVn, k(V') > '/2 or Vn, k(U') . 1/2; assume, for definiteness, that the first inequality holds. It then follows from (9) and lemmas 1 and 3 that vn, I(V'e/3p) > 2/5 for n sufficiently large. Let F[U] be the set of boundary points of C whose distance from the origin is >(1 + e/2)p [<p] and i'[U'] be its projection on Snow Since, by Lemma 2, FTD Vf/3p we have vn, 1( ') > 2/6; also, by (8), V,, I(UT) > 1/2. If W denotes the set of Ek meeting both T7 and U it is easily seen from (4) that /An, k(W) > 1(1/2)2 -(3/5)2 > 1/3 for k > 2. From all this it follows that Vn, k(U') + Vn, k( V/) > 4/3. Applying again our lemmas we find that, for sufficiently large n, the sets U f/3p and VF/3P are disjoint while their vn, 1 measures add up to more than L. This contradiction proves Theorem 1 under assumption (7).