Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The self in social psychology.

R. Baumeister, The Nature and Structure of the Self: An Overview. Part I: Self-Knowledge. J. Shrauger & T. Schoeneman, Symbolic Interactionist View of Self-Concept: Through the Looking Glass Darkly. S. Taylor & J. Brown, Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. Part II: Self-Conceptions. W. James, The Self. H. Turner, The Real Self: From Institution to Impulse. Part III: Motivational Roots. M. Leary, E. Tambor, S. Terdal, & D. Downs, Self-Esteem as an Interpersonal Monitor: The Sociometer Hypothesis. J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski, A. Rosenblatt, J. Burling, D. Lyon, L. Simon, & E. Pinel, Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? Converging Evidence that Self-Esteem Serves an Anxiety-Buffering Function. Part IV: Self and Information Processing. H. Markus, Self-Schemata and Processing Information about the Self. T. Rogers, N. Kuiper, & W. Kirker, Self-Reference and the Encoding of Personal Information. E. T. Higgins, Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating Self and Affect. Part V: Self-Presentation. M. Leary, L. Tchividjian, & B. Kraxberger, Self-Presentation Can Be Hazardous to Your Health: Impression Management and Health Risk. D. Tice, Self-Concept Change and Self-Presentation: The Looking Glass Self is also a Magnifying Glass. Part VI: Self-Esteem. J. Campbell, Self-Esteem and Clarity of the Self-Concept. R. Baumeister, L. Smart, & J. Boden, Relation of Threatened Egotism to Violence and Aggression: The Dark Side of High Self-Esteem. Part VII: Self-Regulation. A. Bandura, Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavior Change. C. Carver & M. Scheier, Control Theory: A Useful Conceptual Framework for Personality-Social, Clinical and Health Psychology. R. Baumeister, E. Bratslavsky, M. Muraven, & D. Tice, Ego Depletion: Is the Active Self a Limited Resource? Part VIII: Self and Culture. H. Markus & S. Kitayama, Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Part IX: Motivation and Self-Knowledge. C. Steele, The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self. W. Swann, J. Griffin, S. Predmore, & B. Gaines, The Cognitive-Affective Crossfire: When Self-Consistency Confronts Self-Enhancement. C. Sedikides, Assessment, Enhancement, and Verification Determinants of the Self-Evaluation Process. Part X: Strategies. E. Jones, & S. Berglas, Control of the Attributions about the Self Through Self-Handicapping Strategies: The Appeal of Alcohol and the Role of Underachievement. R. Cialdini, R. Borden, A. Thorne, M. Walker, S. Freeman, and L. Sloan, Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies. A. Tesser, Toward a Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model of Social Behavior. Appendix: How to Read a Journal Article in Social Psychology.
Landscape heterogeneity of mountainous and hilly areas in western Henan province of China

Based on the GIS technology and ERDAS software, the landscape heterogeneity of mountainous and hilly areas in Gongyi city of western Henan province in 2010 was studied by the moving window method. The study results showed that:(1) the main landscape of the study area was dominated by dry land and woodland, the proportion of dry land could get to 36.3% and woodland was 21.2% of the total area; (2) the landscape pattern analysis of Gongyi by the moving window method showed that the study area had four landscape diversity centers, which were urban built-up areas, southeastern hilly region, low mountains in the south region and the northern part of the valley plains agricultural areas; (3) different landscape pattern showed significant spatial heterogeneity along the transects, the window radius of 1000m was proved to best retain the gradient characteristics and explicitly reflect the spatial changes when compared with the other window radius; (4) at the landscape level, the maximum landscape shape index and landscape diversity index were mainly occurred in the range of 4-6km distance from the city center of Gongyi City. The fragmentation degree of the southeastern suburbs was much weaker than the southwestern suburbs in the study area. This was mainly because of less human disturbances in southwestern suburbs of Gongyi City. The study results were supposed to be meaningful and important for the sustainable use of land resources, and also for the landscape planning and management in the study area.
Constitutive and growth factor-regulated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 occurs at the same site (Tyr-14) in vivo: identification of a c-Src/Cav-1/Grb7 signaling cassette.

Caveolin-1 was first identified as a phosphoprotein in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Tyrosine 14 is now thought to be the principal site for recognition by c-Src kinase; however, little is known about this phosphorylation event. Here, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) probe that recognizes only tyrosine 14-phosphorylated caveolin-1. Using this approach, we show that caveolin-1 (Y14) is a specific tyrosine kinase substrate that is constitutively phosphorylated in Src- and Abl-transformed cells and transiently phosphorylated in a regulated fashion during growth factor signaling. We also provide evidence that tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1 is localized at the major sites of tyrosine-kinase signaling, i.e. focal adhesions. By analogy with other signaling events, we hypothesized that caveolin-1 could serve as a docking site for pTyr-binding molecules. In support of this hypothesis, we show that phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14 confers binding to Grb7 (an SH2-domain containing protein) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that binding of Grb7 to tyrosine 14-phosphorylated caveolin-1 functionally augments anchorage-independent growth and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated cell migration. We discuss the possible implications of our findings in the context of signal transduction.
Distributed Rotational and Translational Maneuvering of Rigid Formations and Their Applications

Recently, it has been reported that inconsistent range-measurement or, equivalently, mismatches in prescribed interagent distances, may prevent popular gradient controllers from guiding rigid formations of mobile agents to converge to their desired shape and, even worse, from standing still at any location. In this paper, instead of treating mismatches as the source of poor performance, we take them as design parameters and show that by introducing such a pair of parameters per distance constraint, distributed controller achieving simultaneously both formation and motion control can be designed that not only encompasses the popular gradient control, but more importantly allows us to achieve constant collective translation, rotation, or their combination, while guaranteeing asymptotically that no distortion in the formation shape occurs. Such motion control results are then applied to 1) the alignment of formations' orientations and 2) enclosing and tracking a moving target. Besides rigorous mathematical proof, experiments using mobile robots are demonstrated to show the satisfying performances of the proposed formation-motion distributed controller.
Editorials and Ideologies

The present paper is based on a research conducted to investigate how English newspaper editorials in Iran express their political ideologies in the ninth presidential election. All texts usually encode the ideological position of their producers, but they are not always explicit for all readers. They need to be revealed and unmasked, so the use of critical discourse analysis in this regard is to examine the ideologies underlying the texts. In the methodological framework of Van Dijk's model, the ideology carrying categories were identified, scrutinized and compared in the clause structure of the editorials in four English newspapers in Iran. It was generally found that the relationships of the newspapers with the institutions, political parties and government influenced the way the editors conveyed their ideas and thoughts about the candidates in the presidential election.
EPIDEMICS : CRITICAL BEHAVIOR IN ONE DIMENSION

In the simple mean-field SIS and SIR epidemic models, infection is transmitted from infectious to susceptible members of a finite population by independent p−coin tosses. Spatial variants of these models are considered, in which finite populations of size N are situated at the sites of a lattice and infectious contacts are limited to individuals at neighboring sites. Scaling laws for these models are given when the infection parameter p is such that the epidemics are critical. It is shown that in all cases there is a critical threshold for the numbers initially infected: below the threshold, the epidemic evolves in essentially the same manner as its branching envelope, but at the threshold evolves like a branching process with a size-dependent drift. The corresponding scaling limits are super-Brownian motions and Dawson-Watanabe processes with killing, respectively.
THE INFLUENCES OF GENDER, GENERATION, AND RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS ON ADAPTATIONS TO HEGEMONY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICA

The purpose of this study is to examine the affects of hegemonic influences on race and ethnicity among American families. An underlying premise of the investigation is that intra-familial socialization (what one is taught at home) and how external interaction (i.e., social environment) affects the perceptions of racial, ethnic American identity. That is, how does what is taught at home and what is absorbed in our social environments influence how we feel about being American. An overlay of generational effects, race, and gender is examined. Data were extracted from the National Opinion Research Center, General Social Surveys (GSS), for the year 2004. The final sub-sample used for this investigation consisted of approximately 1300 adults. Using theoretical constructs from generational effects, social exchange, and social integrationist approaches, an effort was made to identify what factors had the most influences on how families respond to hegemonic influence when group membership is controlled for in a series of correlations, Exploratory Factor Analyses, and Structure Equation Models (SEM) using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). The results revealed that there were differences associated within and among generation, and racial/ ethnic populations, and gender.
Control of the Rutgers Ankle Rehabilitation Interface

This paper presents the control system development of the Rutgers Ankle rehabilitation device. The “Rutgers Ankle” is a haptic interface with a Stewart platform structure driven by six double-acting pneumatic actuators. Each cylinder input is controlled by one set of on/off solenoid valves. For overall system control, an interrupt handler loop is designed based on hardware interrupts. For precise flow rate control of the solenoid valves, a PWM scheme is proposed for a set of two on/off valves. The proposed PWM logic compensates the dead band of the valve response time. A distribution method for the desired pressure differential of the two air chambers of an actuator is proposed. The method is based on the minimization of the difference between the desired and measured pressure. During experiments, one actuator achieved a rise time of 90 ms and 0.3 mm resolution in an independent position control loop. The Rutgers Ankle has a 7 Hz mechanical bandwidth and allows stiffness control for haptic interaction during rehabilitation exercises. The measured performance is believed to be sufficient for ankle rehabilitation purposes.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Introducing scalability in network measurement: toward 10 Gbps with commodity hardware

The capacity of today's network links, along with the heterogeneity of their traffic, is rapidly growing, more than the workstation's processing power. This makes the task of measuring traffic more problematic every day, especially when off-the-shelf hardware is used. A general solution adopted by the computer industry to achieve better performance is to partition the processing among different computing units, exploiting the implicit or explicit parallelism available on today workstations. Parallelism is in fact growing in two dimensions: physical and logical CPUs (e.g. HyperThreading). Unfortunately, most network measurement systems are engineered to process data in a set of sequential tasks; thus, completely ignoring any form of parallelism provided by the hardware. This paper introduces a new approach to build high performance and scalable network measurement tools. It discusses the problem of dispatching packets to different processing entities and describes a technology able to distribute the flow of incoming packets among different processors in an effective and configurable manner, that avoids any copy and optimizes resource usage.
StressHacker: Towards Practical Stress Monitoring in the Wild with Smartwatches

In modern life, the nonstop and pervasive stress tends to keep us on long-lasting high alert, which over time, could lead to a broad range of health problems from depression, metabolic disorders to heart diseases. However, there is a stunning lack of practical tools for effective stress management that can help people navigate through their daily stress. This paper presents the feasibility evaluation of StressHacker, a smartwatch-based system designed to continuously and passively monitor one's stress level using bio-signals obtained from the on-board sensors. With the proliferation of smartwatches, StressHacker is highly accessible and suited for daily use. Our preliminary evaluation is based on 300 hours of data collected in a real-life setting (12 subjects, 29 days). The result suggests that StressHacker is capable of reliably capturing daily stress dynamics (precision = 86.1%, recall = 91.2%), thus with great potential to enable seamless and personalized stress management.
Lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Rapydan) for topical anaesthesia before arterial access: a double-blind, randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Arterial catheterization is painful and is associated with patient stress and anxiety. Analgesia is usually provided by subcutaneous injection of local anaesthetic. An alternative is topical anaesthesia, such as Rapydan which is a novel topical anaesthetic patch containing 70 mg each of lidocaine and tetracaine. We therefore tested the hypothesis that Rapydan patch analgesia is non-inferior to subcutaneous local anaesthetic. METHODS Ninety patients undergoing elective major cardiac surgery were included in this prospective, double-blind clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a lidocaine/tetracaine patch, followed by subcutaneous injection 0.5 ml of normal saline solution, or placebo patch with subsequent subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of lidocaine 1%. Pain during arterial catheterization using 100-mm-long visual analogue scale (VAS) was the primary outcome. Other outcomes were pain during anaesthetic/saline injection and plasma tetracaine concentrations. RESULTS VAS pain scores during arterial puncture were comparable in both groups and Rapydan was non-inferior to subcutaneous lidocaine. Pain scores at the time of subcutaneous injection were significantly lower (better) in patients assigned to the lidocaine/tetracaine patch than to lidocaine (P=0.001). Plasma tetracaine concentrations never exceeded the detection limit of 25 ng ml(-1) at any time in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Both the lidocaine/tetracaine patch and subcutaneous injection of lidocaine provided comparable pain control during arterial catheter insertion. Subcutaneous lidocaine caused discomfort during injection, whereas the lidocaine/tetracaine patch required placement 20 min before the procedure. Given adequate time, the patch provided better overall analgesia by obviating the need for subcutaneous infiltration.
N=1 special geometry, mixed Hodge variations and toric geometry

We study the superpotential of a certain class ofN = 1 supersymmetric type II compactications with fluxes andD-branes. We show that it has an important two-dimensional meaning in terms of a chiral ring of the topologically twisted theory on the world-sheet. In the open-closed string B-model, this chiral ring is isomorphic to a certain relative cohomology group V , which is the appropriate mathematical concept to deal with both the open and closed string sectors. The family of mixed Hodge structures on V then implies for the superpotential to have a certain geometric structure. This structure represents a holomorphic, N = 1 supersymmetric generalization of the well-known N = 2 special geometry. It denes an integrable connection on the topological family of open-closed B-models, and a set of special coordinates on the spaceM of vev’s inN = 1 chiral multiplets. We show that it can be given a very concrete and simple realization for linear sigma models, which leads to a powerful and systematic method for computing the exact non-perturbativeN = 1 superpotentials for a broad class of toric D-brane geometries.
A comparison between the use of a high‐resolution CCD camera and 35 mm film for obtaining coloured micrographs

In light microscopy, colour CCD cameras are now capable of generating image data sets that contain more information than can be captured with slow 35 mm colour reversal film. The resolution of colour CCD cameras with a high density of sensor elements ( 3300 × 2200 per channel of colour) is equivalent to that of slow 35 mm colour film over typical fields of view for objectives with a wide range of magnifications and numerical apertures. The contrast that can be achieved in images derived from the data sets obtained with colour CCD cameras far exceeds that found with film and can exceed that of human vision. Finally, the data sets collected with high‐resolution colour CCD cameras are capable of being displayed at a wide range (four‐fold) of different magnifications easily and interchangeably. Consequently, the combination of a data set that describes a relatively large field of view with one or two data sets that describe specific details taken with an eight‐fold increase in magnification are all that is necessary to describe the salient features of the vast majority of stained specimens examined with transmitted light microscopy.
Increased Hypothalamic Inflammation Associated with the Susceptibility to Obesity in Rats Exposed to High-Fat Diet

Inflammation has been implicated in the hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance resulting defective food intake during high fat diet period. To investigate hypothalamic inflammation in dietary induced obesity (DIO) and obesity resistant (DIO-R) rats, we established rat models of DIO and DIO-R by feeding high fat diet for 10 weeks. Then we switched half of DIO and DIO-R rats to chow food and the other half to high fat diet for the following 8 weeks to explore hypothalamic inflammation response to the low fat diet intervention. Body weight, caloric intake, HOMA-IR, as well as the mRNA expression of hypothalamic TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in DIO/HF rats were significantly increased compared to DIO-R/HF and CF rats, whereas IL-10 mRNA expression was lower in both DIO/HF and DIO-R/HF rats compared with CF rats. Switching to chow food from high fat diet reduced the body weight and improved insulin sensitivity but not affecting the expressions of studied inflammatory genes in DIO rats. Take together, upregulated hypothalamic inflammation may contribute to the overeating and development of obesity susceptibility induced by high fat diet. Switching to chow food had limited role in correcting hypothalamic inflammation in DIO rats during the intervention period.
The Psychology of Ageing: An Introduction

Introduction. 1. What is Ageing? 2. Measuring Intellectual Change in Later Life. 3. Ageing and Memory. 4. Ageing and Language. 5. Ageing, Personality and Lifestyle. 6. Mental Illness and Lifestyle. 7. Problems in Measuring the Psychological Status of Older People. 8. What is the Future of Ageing? Glossary of Technical Terms. References. Index.
A generational on-the-fly garbage collector for Java

An on-the-fly garbage collector does not stop the program threads to perform the collection. Instead, the collector executes in a separate thread (or process) in parallel to the program. On-the-fly collectors are useful for multi-threaded applications running on multiprocessor servers, where it is important to fully utilize all processors and provide even response time, especially for systems for which stopping the threads is a costly operation. In this work, we report on the incorporation of generations into an on-the-fly garbage collector. The incorporation is non-trivial since an on-the-fly collector avoids explicit synchronization with the program threads. To the best of our knowledge, such an incorporation has not been tried before. We have implemented the collector for a prototype Java Virtual Machine on AIX, and measured its performance on a 4-way multiprocessor. As for other generational collectors, an on-the-fly generationalcollector has the potential for reducing the overall running time and working set of an application by concentrating collection efforts on the young objects. However, in contrast to other generational collectors,on-the-fly collectors do not move the objects; thus, there is no segregation between the old and the young objects. Furthermore, on-the-fly collectors do not stop the threads, so there is no extra benefit for the short pauses obtained by generational collection. Nevertheless, comparing our on-the-fly collector with and without generations, it turns out that the generational collector performs better for most applications. The best reduction in overall running time for the benchmarks we measured was 25%. However, there were some benchmarks for which it had no effect and one for which the overall running time increased by 4%.
Cleavage of Atrophin-1 at Caspase Site Aspartic Acid 109 Modulates Cytotoxicity*

Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is one of eight autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders characterized by an abnormal CAG repeat expansion which results in the expression of a protein with a polyglutamine stretch of excessive length. We have reported recently that four of the gene products (huntingtin, atrophin-1 (DRPLA), ataxin-3, and androgen receptor) associated with these open reading frame triplet repeat expansions are substrates for the cysteine protease cell death executioners, the caspases. This led us to hypothesize that caspase cleavage of these proteins may represent a common step in the pathogenesis of each of these four neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present evidence that caspase cleavage of atrophin-1 modulates cytotoxicity and aggregate formation. Cleavage of atrophin-1 at Asp109 by caspases is critical for cytotoxicity because a mutant atrophin-1 that is resistant to caspase cleavage is associated with significantly decreased toxicity. Further, the altered cellular localization within the nucleus and aggregate formation associated with the expanded form of atrophin-1 are completely suppressed by mutation of the caspase cleavage site at Asp109. These results provide support for the toxic fragment hypothesis whereby cleavage of atrophin-1 by caspases may be an important step in the pathogenesis of DRPLA. Therefore, inhibiting caspase cleavage of the polyglutamine-containing proteins may be a feasible therapeutic strategy to prevent cell death.