Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is Wrong With Us? Improving Robustness Through Social Diagnosis

Robust behavior in complex, dynamic environments mandates that intelligent agents autonomously monitor their own run-time behavior, detect and diagnose failures, and attempt recovery. This challenge is intensified in multiagent settings, where the coordinated and competitive behaviors of other agents affect an agent's own performance. Previous approaches to this problem have often focused on single agent domains and have failed to address or exploit key facets of multi-agent domains, such as handling team failures. We present SAM, a complementary approach to monitoring and diagnosis for multi-agent domains that is particularly well-suited for collaborative settings. SAM includes the following key novel concepts: First, SAM's failure detection technique, inspired by social psychology, utilizes other agents as information sources and detects failures both in an agent and in its teammates. Second, SAM performs social diagnosis, reasoning about the failures in its team using an explicit model of teamwork (previously, teamwork models have been employed only in prescribing agent behaviors in teamwork). Third, SAM employs model sharing to alleviate the inherent inefficiencies associated with representing multiple agent models. We have implemented SAM in a complex, realistic multi-agent domain, and provide detailed empirical results assessing its benefits.
A review of motion estimation algorithms for video compression

The key to high performance of video compression lies in an efficient reduction of the temporal redundancy. For this purpose, the block-based motion estimation (BBME) technique has been successfully applied in the video compression standards from H.261 to H.264. The most straightforward BBME method must be full search algorithm (FSA) that searches every candidate position within the search range. Since FS consumes extremely high computational cost, development and refinement on ME algorithms have been fueled to archive better tradeoff between the computational cost and the ME speed. In this paper, we study the low complexity ME algorithms and classify them into three categories, namely modeling the matching error surface, fast full search and reduction of searching candidate points. In the following sections, we will have a brief review across all these categories. The aim of this review is to provide the succeeding researchers with some constructive information in design of the fast ME algorithms.
Longitudinal Plasmonic Detection of Glucose Using Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorod-based affinity sensors were developed utilizing concanavalin-A/dextran/glucose chemistry to detect glucose. The gold nanorods, synthesized using the seed-mediated method, were first coated with dextran sulfate. The dextran sulfate coating changed the local refractive index, which was observed as a red shift in the longitudinal plasmon band. After the addition of 8 μM concanavalin-A, gold nanorod aggregates were formed as shown by TEM analysis. The corresponding UV-Vis spectrum peak wavelength showed a red shift from 701 nm of dextran sulfate coated gold nanorods to 718 nm of concanavalin-A promoted gold nanorod aggregates. The gold nanorod aggregates were dissociated when 12 mM glucose was introduced, as illustrated by TEM images. The longitudinal plasmon resonance of the UV-Vis spectrum also showed a blue shift from 718 nm of dextran sulfate-coated gold nanorods associated by concanavalin-A to 714 nm of dissociated dextran sulfate-coated gold nanorods. The degree of the spectrum peak wavelength shift of the dextran sulfate-coated gold nanorods associated by concanavalin-A can be modulated using glucose ranging from 1 to 30 mM.
MuLLinG: MultiLevel Linguistic Graphs for Knowledge Extraction

MuLLinG is a model for knowledge extraction (especially lexical extraction from corpora), based on multilevel graphs. Its aim is to allow large-scale data acquisition, by making it easy to realize automatically, and simple to configure by linguists with limited knowledge in computer programming. In MuLLinG, each new level represents the information in a different manner (more and more abstract). We also introduce several associated operators, written to be as generic as possible. They are independent of what nodes and edges represent, and of the task to achieve. Consequently, they allow the description of a complex extraction process as a succession of simple graph manipulations. Finally, we present an experiment of collocation extraction using MuLLinG model.
Ginkgolide B preconditioning protects neurons against ischaemia-induced apoptosis

Ischaemic preconditioning (IP) has been reported to protect the brain against subsequent lethal ischaemia, but it has not been used clinically to prevent ischaemic injury because of safety concerns. The aim of the present study was to see whether Ginkgolide B (GB) is capable of preconditioning as IP to protect neurons against ischaemic injury; if so, which mechanism is involved. Cultured mouse cortical neurons at day 8 were pre‐treated with GB (120 μmol/l) for 24 hrs or exposed to short‐term ischaemia (1 hr) followed by 24‐hr normal culture to induce IP before being treated with severe ischaemia (5 hrs). GB and IP significantly increased cell viability, expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), erythropoietin (EPO), phosphorylated Bad at serine 136 (136p‐Bad) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase‐ 3β at serine 9 (p‐GSK‐3β), and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of active caspase‐3 in severely ischaemic neurons. Moreover, LY294002 that is a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) significantly reduced the enhanced expression of HIF‐1α, EPO and 136p‐Bad induced by GB and IP. These results suggest that GB, like IP in neurons, is capable of preconditioning against ischaemia‐induced apoptosis, the mechanism of which may involve the PI3K signalling pathway.
Application behavior analysis in resource consumption for mobile devices

The understanding of applications is a must to design proper resource scheduling policies and a cost-effective design of a mobile device. Different from the past work on user behavior studies or user-oriented resource allocation, we are interested in the "behavior" analysis of applications in resource consumption for mobile devices. In particular, we propose a way to select indices to capture the characteristics of a mobile device and then a way to visualize its resource consumption. Example streaming applications, namely YouTube and Vimeo, are taken as a case study to show the "behaviors" of the streaming applications in consuming resources and their difference. We then show how to use the same methodology to explore the differences in resource consumption for some functionalities of some popular social-network applications, namely Facebook and Twitter. The study provides not only insights to the resource needs of applications but also potential directions in software optimization, such as energy efficiency and data caching.
Human Posture Detection using H-ELM Body Part and Whole Person Detectors for Human-Robot Interaction

For reliable human-robot interaction, the robot must know the person's action in order to plan the appropriate way to interact or assist the person. As part of the pre-processing stage of action recognition, the robot also needs to recognize the various body parts and posture of the person. But estimation of posture and body parts is challenging due to the articulated nature of the human body and the huge intra-class variations. To address this challenge, we propose two schemes using Hierarchical-ELM (H-ELM) for posture detection into either upright or non-upright posture. In the first scheme, we follow a whole body detector approach, where a H-ELM classifier is trained on several whole body postures. In the second scheme, we follow a body part detection approach, where separate H-ELM classifiers are detected for each body part. Using the detected body parts a final decision is made on the posture of the person. We have conducted several experiments to compare the performance of both approaches under different scenarios like view angle changes, occlusion etc. Our experimental results show that body part H-ELM based posture detection works better than other proposed framework even in the presence of occlusion.
Individuals’ Privacy Conceptions and Perceptions: A Translation from Privacy in General to Privacy with Gmail and Google

vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 History of American Privacy 4 Technological Influence on Privacy 8 Google, Inc 12 Privacy Incidents 13 The New Privacy Policy 16 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 20 What Is Privacy? 20 Is Online Privacy A Concern? 22 Online Privacy Concerns 23 Search and Email Privacy Concerns 31 Unanswered Questions 32 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 34 Participants 35 Interview Procedure 36 Thematic Analysis 36
An empirical investigation into the formation of psychological contracts within supplier distributor relationships

Whilst scholars have attempted to explain the interaction between suppliers and distributors from a number of theoretical perspectives, social exchange theory has begun to take prominence because of its capacity to explain complex, multi-faceted and interdependent relationships between parties. In the management literature, psychological contracts have been successfully employed to help model similar types of relationships within the context of the employer-employee interface (Rousseau 1990; Robinson 1996; Turnley and Feldman 1999). This construct is grounded in social exchange theory and is centred on promissory-based obligations that are also crucial aspects within long-term marketing relationships. Given that there appears to be no empirical studies devoted to this important construct within the extent marketing literature, the core proposition is made that psychological contracts are also inherent within supplier-distributor relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis provides the first empirical support that the psychological contract is also inherent within close interdependent marketing relationships. Closer analysis also reveals that the construct is second-order in nature and manifests itself through a four-factor structure, corroborating the multi-faceted nature of supplier-distributor relationships.
Compact Hybrid Resonator With Series and Shunt Resonances Used in Miniaturized Filters and Balun Filters

A hybrid resonant circuit is proposed in this paper. The circuit is a combination of a shunt resonant circuit and series resonant circuit. With this combination, lower resonant frequency is achieved as compared to the single shunt and series resonant circuits. As a result, a compact resonator with smaller size can be achieved as compared to the conventional quarter- and half-wave resonators. Besides the size reduction, the proposed resonant circuit is able to introduce a transmission zero to improve the stopband suppression in filter design. Based on this circuit, a very compact interdigital coupled microstrip resonator is proposed in this paper. The resonator achieves a small length of nearly 1/10 guided wavelength (¿g), which has a length reduction of 63% as compared to the conventional uniform quarter-wave resonator. By using the proposed resonator, a second-order bandpass filter with a small size of 0.144¿g × 0.128¿g and a fourth-order bandpass filter with a size of 0.217¿g × 0.1¿g are built based on the standard filter synthesis methods. Both good performance and miniaturization are achieved for the proposed filters, and the expected transmission zeros are also observed. In addition to the small filters, the proposed resonator is suitable for miniaturized balun bandpass filters. A novel configuration for a balun bandpass filter is proposed based on the aforementioned resonators. A second-order balun bandpass filter with a size of 0.26¿g × 0.145¿g and afourth-order balun bandpass filter with a size of 0.213¿g × 0.203¿g are reported in this paper. Both balun filters achieve good filtering performance, as well as excellent amplitude and phase imbalances, which are less than 1 dB and 1° in the passband, respectively.
The use of a one-stage dynamic programming algorithm for connected word recognition

This paper is of tutorial nature and describes a one-stage dynamic programming algorithm for file problem of connected word recognition. The algorithm to be developed is essentially identical to one presented by Vintsyuk [1] and later by Bridle and Brown [2] ; but the notation and the presentation have been clarified. The derivation used for optimally time synchronizing a test pattern, consisting of a sequence of connected words, is straightforward and simple in comparison with other approaches decomposing the pattern matching problem into several levels. The approach presented relies basically on parameterizing the time warping path by a single index and on exploiting certain path constraints both in the word interior and at the word boundaries. The resulting algorithm turns out to be significantly more efficient than those proposed by Sakoe [3] as well as Myers and Rabiner [4], while providing the same accuracy in estimating the best possible matching string. Its most important feature is that the computational expenditure per word is independent of the number of words in the input string. Thus, it is well suited for recognizing comparatively long word sequences and for real-time operation. Furthermore, there is no need to specify the maximum number of words in the input string. The practical implementation of the algorithm is discussed; it requires no heuristic rules and no overhead. The algorithm can be modified to deal with syntactic constraints in terms of a finite state syntax.
The P-laplace equation on a class of grushin-type spaces

We find the fundamental solution to the P-Laplace equation in Grushin-type spaces. The singularity occurs at the sub-Riemannian points, which naturally corresponds to finding the fundamental solution of a generalized Grushin operator in Euclidean space. We then use this solution to find an infinite harmonic function with specific boundary data and to compute the capacity of annuli centered at the singularity. A solution to the 2-Laplace equation in a wider class of spaces is presented.
Development of a Full-Thickness Human Gingiva Equivalent Constructed from Immortalized Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts

Organotypic models make it possible to investigate the unique properties of oral mucosa in vitro. For gingiva, the use of human primary keratinocytes (KC) and fibroblasts (Fib) is limited due to the availability and size of donor biopsies. The use of physiologically relevant immortalized cell lines would solve these problems. The aim of this study was to develop fully differentiated human gingiva equivalents (GE) constructed entirely from cell lines, to compare them with the primary cell counterpart (Prim), and to test relevance in an in vitro wound healing assay. Reconstructed gingiva epithelium on a gingiva fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel was constructed from cell lines (keratinocytes: TERT or HPV immortalized; fibroblasts: TERT immortalized) and compared to GE-Prim and native gingiva. GE were characterized by immunohistochemical staining for proliferation (Ki67), epithelial differentiation (K10, K13), and basement membrane (collagen type IV and laminin 5). To test functionality of GE-TERT, full-thickness wounds were introduced. Reepithelialization, fibroblast repopulation of hydrogel, metabolic activity (MTT assay), and (pro-)inflammatory cytokine release (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were assessed during wound closure over 7 days. Significant differences in basal KC cytokine secretion (IL-1α, IL-18, and CXCL8) were only observed between KC-Prim and KC-HPV. When Fib-Prim and Fib-TERT were stimulated with TNF-α, no differences were observed regarding cytokine secretion (IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL2). GE-TERT histology, keratin, and basement membrane protein expression very closely represented native gingiva and GE-Prim. In contrast, the epithelium of GE made with HPV-immortalized KC was disorganized, showing suprabasal proliferating cells, limited keratinocyte differentiation, and the absence of basement membrane proteins. When a wound was introduced into the more physiologically relevant GE-TERT model, an immediate inflammatory response (IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL8) was observed followed by complete reepithelialization. Seven days after wounding, tissue integrity, metabolic activity, and cytokine levels had returned to the prewounded state. In conclusion, immortalized human gingiva KC and fibroblasts can be used to make physiologically relevant GE, which resemble either the healthy gingiva or a neoplastic disease model. These organotypic models will provide valuable tools to investigate oral mucosa biology and can also be used as an animal alternative for drug targeting, vaccination studies, microbial biofilm studies, and testing new therapeutics.
- 451-Numerical Stability Analysis of Tunnel by PLAXIS

One of the most significant current discussions in Tunneling is settlement and stability. In recent decade, numerical modeling has been introduced to check the stability and settlement. When the tunnel has been made, stability is an important factor due to advancing cycle and cost especially in soil or weak rock. Study on behavior of surrounding soil and rock at this condition is a great challenging of engineers section, recent development in the field of Finite Element method have led to a renewed interest in the analyses of tunnel stability and prediction of ground movement. The merit is that we can have an appropriate estimation of behavior of soil or rock before drilling and to find out which part of tunnel is under a major settlement risk, especially when the tunnel is drilled into multi layer soils. PLAXIS is one of the most famous software in the field of Finite Element method that can be analysis the behavior of tunnel and the amount of ground movement. According to the calculated thickness of lining, 35 cm thickness observed as optimum thickness of coverage system, based on the analysis the most displacements is obtained in ceiling and floor that is equal to 9.65E-03 meters. The main stress computed in the model plus the lining is -478 kN/m. Stress is returned to normal status in 13 meters distance from the center of the tunnel.
Rekindling Imagination in Dementia Care with the Resonant Interface Rocking Chair

In this paper we present the Resonant Interface Rocking Chair, interactive furniture designed for sparking the imagination of residents in dementia care. We show how the chair, sitting at the intersection of slow technology, reminiscence research and elder care, creates an environment that encourages storytelling, interaction and conversation between care home residents, family and staff. Our aim is to develop the resonant home, envisioning a future care environment that draws upon current research into resonant user interfaces to create an environment that is alive with subtle, playful and engaging interactions that support and stimulate memories and storytelling.
Spectral efficiency of single cell full-duplex MU-MIMO system based on SLNR precoding

Full-duplex (FD) mode systems are key technologies for 5G wireless communication systems due to their ability improving spectral efficiency. The major difficulties of these systems are in mitigating interferences such as multiuser interferences in both channels and self-interference from downlink to uplink. Therefore, it is required to rely on precoding schemes. We propose self-interference plus noise covariance matrix aware signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) precoding and SLNR precoding for uplink and downlink channels, respectively, to improve spectral efficiency of FD in the Rician fading channel situations. Unlike zero-forcing (ZF) and block diagonalization (BD) precoding schemes, it has tradeoffs between interference and noise, as well simultaneously support multiple number of users and antennas. The problem is formulated as maximizing SLNR to obtain the precoder that optimized the total spectral efficiency of the system. Numerical results confirm that FD outperforms HD for small self-interference channel gain, for increasing number of antennas at the base station and for all Rician parameters.
Social Presence in a Home Tele-Application

The current paper presents a study on the subjective evaluation of an advanced telecommunication platform aimed at informal home use, called the PhotoShare tele-application. This platform enables users to view photos (e.g., family or holiday snapshots) together, while the presenter and the viewer are at different, remote locations. The platform includes a common viewing space where the photos are displayed and selected, as well as an audio connection and a large-screen video connection for communication between the remote sites. The study investigated the effects of videocommunication on social presence. In addition, the ability to point at a picture with an electronic pointer was evaluated. In the context of presence research, the current study also provided information regarding the validity of the IPO Social Presence Questionnaire (IPO-SPQ), which was specifically designed to investigate social presence with telecommunication applications. The results indicated that adding broadband, life-size video communication significantly increased social presence. In addition, we found a significant effect of sex on social presence: women gave substantially higher social presence ratings than men. The absence of a significant effect of the pointing function indicated that extensive workspace functionality may be of minor importance to the user's feeling of social presence.
Working Paper Series Diamonds Are Forever , Wars Are Not . Is Conflict Bad for Private Firms ?

This paper studies the relationship between civil war and the value of firms in a poor, resource abundant country using microeconomic data for Angola. We focus on diamond mining firms and conduct an event study on the sudden end of the conflict, marked by the death of the rebel movement leader in 2002. We find that the stock market perceived this event as “bad news” rather than “good news” for companies holding concessions in Angola, as their abnormal returns declined by 4 percentage points. The event had no effect on a control portfolio of otherwise similar diamond mining companies. This finding is corroborated by other events and by the adoption of alternative methodologies. We interpret our findings in the light of conflict-generated entry barriers, government bargaining power and transparency in the licensing process. ∗We are grateful to three anonymous referees, Stefano Della Vigna, Ray Fisman, Caroline Hoxby, Ulrike Malmendier, Chris Udry, and to seminar participants at Yale, New York University, IIES Stockholm, UC Berkeley, CSEF, University of Torino, Bocconi University, 2004 PAC Meeting in Oslo and 2005 BREAD Conference for helpful suggestions. We thank Christian Dietrich, George Coakley, Chris Hinde and Martin Rapaport for sharing information on the diamond industry in Angola. We also thank Chiara Tropea for her valuable inputs in the early stages of the project. Angelo Mele, Elizabeth La Jeunesse, Silvia Redaelli, Maria Aleksinskaya and Serguey Khovanski provided excellent research assistance. La Ferrara acknowledges financial support from the Polarization and Conflict Project CIT-2-CT-2004-506084 funded by the European Commission-DG Research Sixth Framework Programme. The usual disclaimer applies. Correspondence to: Massimo.Guidolin@stls.frb. org, eliana.laferrara@unibocconi.it.
A Logic for Beliefs

We present BAF-Logic, a system of logic for reasoning over beliefs held by an agent. In BAF-Logic arguments are formulated for and against believing in a proposition. A series of inference rules may then be applied to deduce the truth of a proposition. Beliefs in the proposition and other related propositions may then be reinforced or eroded accordingly, giving us a powerful tool for defeasible reasoning. Current research on BAF-Logic is also presented. This paper concludes with suggestions for future research.