Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING, GRASPING AND LUCK

Abstract Recently, it has been debated as to whether understanding is a species of explanatory knowledge. Those who deny this claim frequently argue that understanding, unlike knowledge, can be lucky. In this paper I argue that current arguments do not support this alleged compatibility between understanding and epistemic luck. First, I argue that understanding requires reliable explanatory evaluation, yet the putative examples of lucky understanding underspecify the extent to which subjects possess this ability. In the course of defending this claim, I also provide a new account of the kind of ‘grasping’ taken to be central to understanding. Second, I show that putative examples of lucky understanding unwittingly deploy a kind of luck that is compatible with knowledge. Finally, appealing to a number of works on explanation and its attendant epistemology, I argue that alleged instances of lucky understanding that overcome these two obstacles will invariably violate certain norms of explanatory inquiry – our paradigmatic understanding-oriented practice. By contrast, knowledge of the same information is immune to these criticisms. Consequently, if understanding is environmentally lucky, it is always inferior to the understanding that a corresponding case of knowledge would provide.
A Predictive Model of Churn in Telecommunications Based on Data Mining

According to the standard data mining process, CRISP-DM, the procedure of a customer chum prediction model is discussed thoroughly from the six phases of business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling , evaluation and deployment. In view of the traditional ID3 algorithm insufficiency, one kind of weighting entropy thought is proposed, the ID3 algorithm is improved, then, a model is established by the improvement algorithm.
An Efficient Approach for Text Extraction in Images and Video Frames Using Gabor Filter

In this paper, an effective methodology for text extraction images and video frames using Gabor filter is proposed. The proposed approach is completed by Gabor Filter, morphological and Heuristic filtering process methods is used to localize the text region better. The proposed technique is completed by text extraction utilizing Gabor filter method which is utilized for text identification within complex images and video frames. Diverse experiments were led to assess the execution of the proposed calculation and algorithm and compare with other methods. Experimental results tested from a large dataset and demonstrated that the proposed method is effective and practical. Various parameters like a precision and recall rates are analyzed for both existing and proposed method to determine the success and limitation of our method. Experiment results show that our method can obtain 99.11 % recall rate and precision rate 94.67 % with average computational time 5.28 second /frames.
HnRNP H inhibits nuclear export of mRNA containing expanded CUG repeats and a distal branch point sequence

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder associated with a (CUG)n expansion in the 3'-untranslated region of the DMPK (DM1 protein kinase) gene. Mutant DMPK mRNAs containing the trinucleotide expansion are retained in the nucleus of DM1 cells and form discrete foci. The nuclear sequestration of RNA binding proteins and associated factors binding to the CUG expansions is believed to be responsible for several of the splicing defects observed in DM1 patients and could ultimately be linked to DM1 muscular pathogenesis. Several RNA binding proteins capable of co-localizing with the nuclear-retained mutant DMPK mRNAs have already been identified but none can account for the nuclear retention of the mutant transcripts. Here, we have employed a modified UV crosslinking assay to isolate proteins bound to mutant DMPK-derived RNA and have identified hnRNP H as an abundant candidate. The specific binding of hnRNP H requires not only a CUG repeat expansion but also a splicing branch point distal to the repeats. Suppression of hnRNP H expression by RNAi rescued nuclear retention of RNA with CUG repeat expansions. The identification of hnRNP H as a factor capable of binding and possibly modulating nuclear retention of mutant DMPK mRNA may prove to be an important link in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to DM1 pathogenesis.
One Hop Reputations for Peer to Peer File Sharing Workloads

An emerging paradigm in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is to explicitly consider incentives as part of the protocol design in order to promote good (or discourage bad) behavior. However, effective incentives are hampered by the challenges of a P2P environment, e.g. transient users and no central authority. In this paper, we quantify these challenges, reporting the results of a month-long measurement of millions of users of the BitTorrent file sharing system. Surprisingly, given BitTorrent's popularity, we identify widespread performance and availability problems. These measurements motivate the design and implementation of a new, one hop reputation protocol for P2P networks. Unlike digital currency systems, where contribution information is globally visible, or tit-for-tat, where no propagation occurs, one hop reputations limit propagation to at most one intermediary. Through trace-driven analysis and measurements of a deployment on PlanetLab, we find that limited propagation improves performance and incentives relative to BitTorrent.
Online sequential classification of imbalanced data by combining extreme learning machine and improved SMOTE algorithm

Presently, the data imbalance problems become more pronounced in the applications of machine learning and pattern recognition. However, many traditional machine learning methods suffer from the imbalanced data which are also collected in online sequential manner. To get fast and efficient classification for this special problem, a new online sequential extreme learning machine method with sequential SMOTE strategy is proposed. The key idea of this method is to reduce the randomness while generating virtual minority samples by means of the distribution characteristic of online sequential data. Utilizing online-sequential extreme learning machine as baseline algorithm, this method contains two stages. In offline stage, principal curve is introduced to model the each class's distribution based on which some virtual samples are generated by synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE). In online stage, each class's membership is determined according to the projection distance of sample to principal curve. With the help of these memberships, the redundant majority samples as well as unreasonable virtual minority samples are all excluded to lighten the imbalance level in online stage. The proposed method is evaluated on four UCI datasets and the real-world air pollutant forecasting dataset. The experimental results show that, the proposed method outperforms the classical ELM, OS-ELM and SMOTE-based OS-ELM in terms of generalization performance and numerical stability.
Person Fit in the Rasch Model

The idea of whether a person's response pattern is "believable" given his estimated ability is one of the central issues in measurement. This article traces the development of this idea from Thurstone to Rasch. It also presents the rationale behind the development of person analysis in the Rasch model. Finally, it presents data based on simulated response patterns which provide insight into the power and Type I error rates of the Rasch unweighted total and between person fit statistics under a variety of simulated measurement disturbances.
Short-term forecasting of zonal and meridional wave energy flux in the Bay of Biscay using random forests

Three types of statistical models have been used to create up to 24h forecasts of the zonal and meridional components of wave energy flux levels at three directional buoys located in the Bay of Biscay. Hourly observations of the mean wave period and the significant height covering the 1999-2012 period have been used for this purpose. Additionally, data from the ocean (WAM model) and atmospheric components of the ERA-Interim reanalysis of the ECMWF have also been used. Those data have been splitted into a training database (1999-2005) used to build the models, and a test database (2006-2012) reserved to test them and assess their performance. The models used have been built using three different techniques: analogues, random forests (a machine learning algorithm) and a combination of both. For evaluation purposes, the performance of the models at each location has been compared at a 95% confidence level with the simplest prediction-persistence of levels- and also with the nearest gridpoint WAM forecasts. For forecasting horizons between 3 and roughly 16 hours at locations near the coast (where wave farms can be installed), among the statistical models, those built on random forests outperform the rest, including WAM and persistence.
Transient Changes in Bacterioplankton Communities Induced by the Submarine Volcanic Eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands)

The submarine volcanic eruption occurring near El Hierro (Canary Islands) in October 2011 provided a unique opportunity to determine the effects of such events on the microbial populations of the surrounding waters. The birth of a new underwater volcano produced a large plume of vent material detectable from space that led to abrupt changes in the physical-chemical properties of the water column. We combined flow cytometry and 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (V1–V3 regions for Bacteria and V3–V5 for Archaea) to monitor the area around the volcano through the eruptive and post-eruptive phases (November 2011 to April 2012). Flow cytometric analyses revealed higher abundance and relative activity (expressed as a percentage of high-nucleic acid content cells) of heterotrophic prokaryotes during the eruptive process as compared to post-eruptive stages. Changes observed in populations detectable by flow cytometry were more evident at depths closer to the volcano (~70–200 m), coinciding also with oxygen depletion. Alpha-diversity analyses revealed that species richness (Chao1 index) decreased during the eruptive phase; however, no dramatic changes in community composition were observed. The most abundant taxa during the eruptive phase were similar to those in the post-eruptive stages and to those typically prevalent in oceanic bacterioplankton communities (i.e. the alphaproteobacterial SAR11 group, the Flavobacteriia class of the Bacteroidetes and certain groups of Gammaproteobacteria). Yet, although at low abundance, we also detected the presence of taxa not typically found in bacterioplankton communities such as the Epsilonproteobacteria and members of the candidate division ZB3, particularly during the eruptive stage. These groups are often associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vents or sulfur-rich springs. Both cytometric and sequence analyses showed that once the eruption ceased, evidences of the volcano-induced changes were no longer observed.
Cracking Jokes and Crafting Selves: Sensemaking and Identity Management Among Human Service Workers

Using interview and participant-observation data gathered among correctional officers, 911 call-takers, and firefighters, this study explores how humor enables human service workers to manage identity and make sense of their work in relation to preferred notions of self. In the face of trying job duties, humor serves employee identity needs through differentiation, superiority, role distance, and relief. Moreover, humor serves as a sensemaking vehicle through which employees select, maintain, reproduce, and reify preferred interpretations of work. The analysis characterizes humor as an unfolding, collaborative, and interactional practice that can play a key part in socializing newcomers, building knowledge, and constituting the organizing process.
Bit-serial Reed - Solomon encoders

This paper presents new concepts and techniques for implementing encoders for Reed-Solomon codes, with or without interleaving. Reed-Solomon encoders based on these concepts and techniques often require substantially less hardware than even linear cyclic binary codes of comparable redundancy. A CODEWORD of a cyclic code is a sequence of characters which can be viewed as the coefficients of a polynomial n-1 c(x) = 2 c,x’. i=o The characters C,,, C,,-2, Cn-s,. , C,, Co are elements in a finite field. In this paper, we consider only fields of order 2”, where m m ight be any integer. A sequence of n characters is a codeword if and only if its corresponding polynomial, C(x), is a mu ltiple of the code’s generator polynomial, g(x). Let deg g(x) = n k. The common method of encoding a cyclic code is to regard q-,9 cn-2,* * * 9 C,-, as message characters, and to divide the polynomial
Predictive emotional intelligence and its relationship with academic success

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive emotional intelligence (EI) phenomenon in relation to academic achievement using business undergraduate students at a large established premier institution in Malaysia. Selected biographical variables were also investigated to determine its variance against EI components. The results are part of an ongoing study. The results of standard multiple regression provided a good indication of collinearity tolerance showing an acceptable level of shared variance among EI competencies. Out of 12 EI constructs, the regression model revealed that beta values for four domains (stress management, time management, drive strength and commitment ethic) were found to be statistically significant as predictors of academic achievement. The F-test results showed that for certain biographical factors, such as age, gender and programme major, EI mean scores varied and hence rendered marginal significant support for the testable propositions. Significant correlations were also found between EI variables, age and gender.
Lightweight Trust Model with High Longevity for Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to their inherent features Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to many security threats. Moreover, traditional security mechanisms cannot be directly used in WSNs as they present constrained resources in terms of communication, computation and energy. Trust management models have recently been suggested as an e ective security mechanism for WSNs. The already found solutions are very expensive in terms of energy and memory, which seriously affects the lifetime of such networks. In this paper, we will present a lightweight trust management model, which guarantees the reliability and robustness of the network, seeking to increase its lifetime compared to existing models.
The Triad of Control: Concepts and Application to Caregiving

Control extends through space and time, linking specific occurrences of control behaviour to perceptions of control and desire for control and to broader contexts, such as domain variations and developmental changes. A triadic conception explicitly including perceptions of control, desire for control, and capacity for actual control and focusing on balance and imbalance in the relationships of these forms the basis for better understanding of control at both individual and interpersonal levels. In the caregiving relationship of frail parent and child, control is characterised by restructuring of each person's triad of control within a context of asymmetry and dependency. Changing patterns of intra-individual and inter-individual aspects of control have impact on each individual and the nature of the relationship. Assumptions about perception of and desire for control and involvement in decisions about allocation of control become particularly crucial.
Coregistration of interferometric SAR images using spectral diversity

This article presents a technique for the determination of the relative misregistration between two interferometric SAR images. The proposed technique is based on the spectral properties of the complex SAR signal. Unlike conventional coregistration methods, the proposed technique does not need any interpolation nor cross-correlation procedures and also no coherence or fringe optimization must be performed. Instead, the phase information of different spectral looks is evaluated giving misregistration information on a pixel by pixel basis. The proposed technique is at least as accurate as the conventional algorithms and its implementation is very simple. Airborne repeat-pass interferometric data and simulated ScanSAR data are used to illustrate the operation of the proposed technique.
Private and Right-Protected Big Data Publication: An Analysis

The ease of digital data dissemination has spurred an amplified interest in technologies related to data privacy and right protection. We examine how both goals can be achieved simultaneously by constructing modified data instances that are both differentially private and right protected. The proposed method first produces a sketch of the dataset via random projection and then perturbs the sketch just enough to ensure privacy. The right-protection mechanism inserts small noise in the dataset which subsequently can be used to verify ownership. We provide analytical privacy, right-protection, and utility guarantees. Our utility guarantees ensure approximate preservation of pairwise distances, thus mining operations such as search, classification, and clustering can be performed on the differentially private and right protected dataset. Extended version with proofs: http://alumni.cs. ucr.edu/~mvlachos/erc/ projects/right-protection
Measurement of filling factor 5/2 quasiparticle interference with observation of charge e/4 and e/2 period oscillations

A standing problem in low-dimensional electron systems is the nature of the 5/2 fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state: Its elementary excitations are a focus for both elucidating the state's properties and as candidates in methods to perform topological quantum computation. Interferometric devices may be used to manipulate and measure quantum Hall edge excitations. Here we use a small-area edge state interferometer designed to observe quasiparticle interference effects. Oscillations consistent in detail with the Aharonov–Bohm effect are observed for integer quantum Hall and FQH states (filling factors ν = 2, 5/3, and 7/3) with periods corresponding to their respective charges and magnetic field positions. With these factors as charge calibrations, periodic transmission through the device consistent with quasiparticle charge e/4 is observed at ν = 5/2 and at lowest temperatures. The principal finding of this work is that, in addition to these e/4 oscillations, periodic structures corresponding to e/2 are also observed at 5/2 ν and at lowest temperatures. Properties of the e/4 and e/2 oscillations are examined with the device sensitivity sufficient to observe temperature evolution of the 5/2 quasiparticle interference. In the model of quasiparticle interference, this presence of an effective e/2 period may empirically reflect an e/2 quasiparticle charge or may reflect multiple passes of the e/4 quasiparticle around the interferometer. These results are discussed within a picture of e/4 quasiparticle excitations potentially possessing non-Abelian statistics. These studies demonstrate the capacity to perform interferometry on 5/2 excitations and reveal properties important for understanding this state and its excitations.
SERUM SIALIC ACID, MALONDIALDEHYDE, RETINOL, ZINC, AND COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN DAIRY COWS WITH LAMENESS

Concentrations of serum sialic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), retinol, zinc, and copper were measured in 52 lactating Holstein cows. Out of them, 15 were controls, 21 mildly lame, 7 moderate lame, and 9 severely lame. The animals were housed in free-stall barns with a slurry surface and were not released for pasture feeding. Compared to control animals, the mean serum total sialic acid concentrations in animals with severe lameness, but not in those with mild and moderate lameness, were increased significantly (P<0.01). The levels of MDA were higher in severely lame animals than in controls as well as in mildly and moderately lame animals and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Contrary to the elevated serum concentrations of sialic acid and MDA in severely lame cows, the mean serum retinol value of these animals showed a remarkable decline (P<0.05). As for serum zinc and copper concentrations, there were statistically no significant alterations between the groups. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that the concentrations of serum total sialic acid, MDA and retinol are associated with a degree of the lameness.
Mental health promotion works: a review

Positive mental health is a value in its own right; it contributes to the individual’s well-being and quality of life; and also contributes to society and the economy by increasing social functioning and social capital. Positive mental health refers to human qualities and life skills such as cognitive functioning, positive self-esteem, social and problem solving skills, the ability to manage major changes and stresses in life and to influence the social environment, the ability to work productively and fruitfully and to make contributions to the community, and a
The relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission and far-infrared dust emission from NGC 2403 and M83

We examine the relation between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission at 8 mu m and far-infrared emission from hot dust grains at 24 mu m and from large dust grains at 160 and 250 mu m in the nearby spiral galaxies NGC 2403 and M83 using data from the Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory. We find that the PAH emission in NGC 2403 is better correlated with emission at 250 mu m from dust heated by the diffuse interstellar radiation field (ISRF) and that the 8/250-mu m surface brightness ratio is well correlated with the stellar surface brightness as measured at 3.6 mu m. This implies that the PAHs in NGC 2403 are intermixed with cold large dust grains in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and that the PAHs are excited by the diffuse ISRF. In M83, the PAH emission appears more strongly correlated with 160 mu m emission originating from large dust grains heated by star-forming regions. However, the PAH emission in M83 is low where the 24-mu m emission peaks within star-forming regions, and enhancements in the 8/160-mu m surface brightness ratios appear offset relative to the dust and the star-forming regions within the spiral arms. This suggests that the PAHs observed in the 8 mu m band are not excited locally within star-forming regions but either by light escaping non-axisymmetrically from star-forming regions or locally by young, non-photoionizing stars that have migrated downstream from the spiral density waves. The results from just these two galaxies show that PAHs may be excited by different stellar populations in different spiral galaxies.