Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attacks classification in adaptive intrusion detection using decision tree

— Recently, information security has become a key issue in information technology as the number of computer security breaches are exposed to an increasing number of security threats. A variety of intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been employed for protecting computers and networks from malicious network-based or host-based attacks by using traditional statistical methods to new data mining approaches in last decades. However, today's commercially available intrusion detection systems are signature-based that are not capable of detecting unknown attacks. In this paper, we present a new learning algorithm for anomaly based network intrusion detection system using decision tree algorithm that distinguishes attacks from normal behaviors and identifies different types of intrusions . Experimental results on the KDD99 benchmark network intrusion detection dataset demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieved 98% detection rate (DR) in comparison with other existing methods.
Visualization of protein sequence features using JavaScript and SVG with pViz.js

UNLABELLED pViz.js is a visualization library for displaying protein sequence features in a Web browser. By simply providing a sequence and the locations of its features, this lightweight, yet versatile, JavaScript library renders an interactive view of the protein features. Interactive exploration of protein sequence features over the Web is a common need in Bioinformatics. Although many Web sites have developed viewers to display these features, their implementations are usually focused on data from a specific source or use case. Some of these viewers can be adapted to fit other use cases but are not designed to be reusable. pViz makes it easy to display features as boxes aligned to a protein sequence with zooming functionality but also includes predefined renderings for secondary structure and post-translational modifications. The library is designed to further customize this view. We demonstrate such applications of pViz using two examples: a proteomic data visualization tool with an embedded viewer for displaying features on protein structure, and a tool to visualize the results of the variant_effect_predictor tool from Ensembl. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION pViz.js is a JavaScript library, available on github at https://github.com/Genentech/pviz. This site includes examples and functional applications, installation instructions and usage documentation. A Readme file, which explains how to use pViz with examples, is available as Supplementary Material A.
A clinical experience with a hierarchically controlled myoelectric hand prosthesis with vibro-tactile feedback

Improved performance of externally powered myoelectric hands is possible when the direct control of the digit flexion and grip force are given over to an electronic controller which frees the operator to concentrate on other demands. Design: A commercial myoelectric hand was modified to take the new touch and slip sensors and novel control method. Subject: An adult male with a traumatic mid-forearm amputation. Outcome measure: The range and ease of use of the prosthetics system. Result: The hand was easily and usefully operated in the home and work environment. Conclusion: Hierarchical control of a hand is possible using sensory feedback to a sophisticated electronic controller. Such a control method reduces the demands on the user's concentration and enhances the hand's range.
The Eye-tracking Study of the Line Charts in Dashboards Design

Dashboards are an important field for an investigation as they are the visual part of the management information systems. Our study aimed to find out the effects of the changes in the types and numbers of line graphs that can be displayed on a single screen simultaneously. Two laboratory experiments were conducted using an eye-tracker to find out how subjects’ perception of line graphs on dashboards changes with increase in graph numbers, changes in sizes and increase of the overall area taken up by the graphs on the screen. We show that if the graphs take up the same area, the subjects perceive the line graphs displayed simultaneously in a similar manner. If the subjects are shown an increasing number of graphs of the same size, the subjects take longer to respond to tasks and have higher fixation count per each stimuli. The study revealed that there is no correlation between graph’s slope (trend) and subjects’ perception.
Vehicle detection based on wheel part detection

This paper proposed an effective vehicle detection system based on wheel parts detection. The system is composed of two principal modules: feature detector construction and vehicle detection. Feature detector construction is to train a vehicle part model based on Adaboost using HOG and MB-LBP. Vehicle detection is formed by three sub-modules. ROI segmentation segments the searching region where wheels appear frequently, and this region is further divided into three sub-ROIs corresponding to three different aspect ratios. Wheel determination filters the outliers from the detected results in each sub-ROIs, and find the relationship between front wheels, back wheels and tail light parts. Vehicle localization focuses on localizing vehicles using those matched wheels. The experiments show that the proposed approach can offer good detection results under different environments.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Designing a distribution network in a supply chain system : Formulation and efficient solution procedure

This paper addresses the distribution network design problem in a supply chain system that involves locating production plants and distribution warehouses, and determining the best strategy for distributing the product from the plants to the warehouses and from the warehouses to the customers. The goal is to select the optimum numbers, locations and capacities of plants and warehouses to open so that all customer demand is satisfied at minimum total costs of the distribution network. Unlike most of past research, our study allows for multiple levels of capacities available to the warehouses and plants. The paper presents a computational study to investigate the value of coordinating production and distribution planning. We develop a mixed integer programming model and provide an efficient heuristic solution procedure for this supply chain system problem. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation with the New Edwards Sapien 3 Valve for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis—Impact of Valve Size in a Single Center Experience

Aims The third generation Edwards Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, California) system was optimized to reduce residual aortic regurgitation and vascular complications. Methods and Results 235 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis were prospectively enrolled. Transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) were performed without general anesthesia by transfemoral approach. Patients were followed for 30 days. Patients received 23mm (N = 77), 26mm (N = 91) or 29mm (N = 67) valve based on pre-procedural 256 multislice computer tomography. Mean oversizing did not differ between the 3 valves. There was no residual moderate or severe aortic regurgitation. Rate of mild aortic regurgitation and regurgitation index did not differ between groups. There was no switch to general anesthesia or conversion to surgery. Rate of major vascular complication was 3.0% with no difference between valve and delivery sheath sizes. Within 30 days rates of all cause mortality (2.6%) and stroke (2.1%) were low. Conclusions In patients with severe aortic stenosis transfemoral TAVI with the Edwards Sapien 3 valve without general anesthesia was associated with a high rate of device success, no moderate or severe residual aortic regurgitation, low rates of major vascular complication, mortality and stroke within 30 days with no difference between the 3 valve sizes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02162069
Hypothesis concerning the U-shaped relation between body mass index and mortality.

Numerous studies have documented a U- or J-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and mortality, such that increased mortality rate is associated with relatively low and high BMI values. It has been argued elsewhere that the elevated mortality rate observed at lower BMI values actually results from the effects of unmeasured confounding variables, in particular smoking status and preexisting disease. In this paper, the authors present an additional explanation for the phenomenon, i.e., nonspecific measurement. They propose that differential health consequences of fat mass and fat-free mass can be masked by the use of BMI when studied in relation to mortality. To illustrate this point, they use body composition data from 1,137 healthy adults and specify a hypothetical underlying BMI-mortality model in which the logit of death increased linearly with fat mass and decreased linearly with fat-free mass, and % fat increased monotonically with BMI. The results indicate that, even under these specifications, the authors can recover a U-shaped association between BMI and mortality. Consistent with previous suggestions in the literature, future epidemiologic studies that examine the association between adiposity and mortality should prioritize the use of body composition measures.
Influence of N-Glycosylation and N-Glycan Trimming on the Activity and Intracellular Traffic of GD3 Synthase*

GD3 synthase (ST8Sia I) transfers a sialic acid in α-2→8 linkage to the sialic acid moiety of GM3 to form the ganglioside GD3. The cDNAs of GD3 synthases predict several putative N-glycosylation sites. In this work we have examined the occupancy of these sites in a chicken GD3 synthase and how they affect its activity and intracellular traffic. COS-7 cells were transfected with an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged form of GD3 synthase (GD3 synthase-HA). Cells acquired GD3 synthase activity, cell surface GD3 immunoexpression, and GD3 synthase-HA immunoreactivity in the Golgi complex. In Western blots, a main GD3 synthase-HA band of 47 kDa was detected, which was radioactive upon metabolic labeling with [2-3H] mannose. Tunicamycin prevented the incorporation of [2-3H]mannose into GD3 synthase-HA, blocked the enzyme activity, and promoted a reduction of the enzyme molecular mass of 6–7 kDa. Timed deglycosylation with N-glycosidase F showed that all three potential N-glycosylation sites of GD3 synthase-HA were glycosylated. The deglycosylated forms were enzymatically more unstable than the native form. Tunicamycin treatment of cells led to retention of GD3 synthase-HA immunoreactivity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin, inhibitors of the ER-processing enzymes α-glucosidases I and II, also prevented the exit from the ER but did not essentially affect the enzyme specific activity. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine, inhibitors of mannosidases, did not affect either the enzyme activity or the Golgi localization. Results indicate that (a)N-glycosylation is necessary for GD3 synthase to attain and to maintain a catalytically active folding, and for exiting the ER; and (b) N-glycan trimming in the ER, while not required for enzyme activity, is necessary for proper trafficking of GD3 synthase to the Golgi complex.
Theory-Based Evaluation of a Cancer Control Coalition

Coalitions are voluntary collaborations and interactions between two or more agents that yield synergy for problem solving. Their use as means of addressing community health concerns has increased during the past decades. This study uses the Community Health Governance (CHG) model to describe and analyze the interaction between various coalition components from data derived from the Pennsylvania Cancer Control Consortium (PAC3). The study used an already established questionnaire, designed to measure concepts of Leadership, Management, and Critical characteristics of the process, Empowerment, Synergy and Bridging Social Ties as put forth by the CHG model. An electronic invitation was sent to current PAC3 members to complete the questionnaire. Using PAC3 survey responses, I compared the association between variables using the Chi Square test of independence. A total of 162 survey responses were included in the analysis (RR=21.6). PAC3 members' Empowerment was significantly associated with three of the four Leadership measures, three of the five variables measuring the concept of Management and two of the four measures of Critical characteristics of the process (p<0.05). Member's ability to Bridge social ties showed a statistically significant association with most measures of Leadership, two of five measures of Management, and two of the four variables measuring Critical characteristics of the process (p<0.05). Synergy showed a statistically significant association with two of the four variables measuring Leadership, two of the five variables measuring Management and one of the four Critical characteristics of the process variables (p<0.05). This study reports the observed interaction of the various coalition components. It presents recommendations on potential improvement to coalition building practices and reinforces the importance of evidence based best practices. The public health significance of this study corresponds to the potential use of the study results in public health practices, such as coalition building, improvement and maintenance. Specifically regarding the Pennsylvania Cancer Control Consortium, the study results will facilitate the fulfillments of its missions.
Inverse dynamics control of multiple robot arms with flexible joints

A nonlinear decoupling and linearizing feedback control for dynamic coordination of multiple robot arms with flexible joints handling an object constrained by the environment is considered. The method takes the manipulator dynamics and object dynamics into consideration as well as material constraints imposed on the system. An invariant solution for contact forces is provided by using a special weighting matrix. Control algorithms are developed for redundant manipulators. Two different approaches to make the method robust to parameter uncertainty, based either on the robust servomechanism theory or the Lyapunov theory of guaranteed stability of uncertain systems, are described. Numerical experiments demonstrate the high precision tracking capabilities of the method, prove that it can be implemented on fast contemporary computers, and show that the robustness to bounded modeling errors and external disturbances can be achieved. <<ETX>>
The Role of Ontology Engineering in Linked Data Publishing and Management: An Empirical Study

In this article the authors evaluate the adoption and applicability of established ontology engineering results by the Linked Data providers' community. The evaluation relies on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods; in particular, the authors conducted an analytical survey containing structured interviews with data publishers in order to give an account of the current ontology engineering practice in Linked Data provisioning, and compared and expanded our findings with statistics on ontology development and usage provided by the Billion Triple Challenges datasets from 2012 using the vocab.cc platform and from 2014 and other related tools. The findings of the evaluation allow data practitioners and ontologists to yield a better understanding of the conceptual part of the LOD Cloud; and form the basis for the definition of purposeful, empirically grounded guidelines and best practices for developing, managing and using ontologies in the new application scenarios that arise in the context of Linked Data.
Developments in mechanical thrombectomy devices for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Several recent prospective randomized controlled trials of endovascular stroke therapy using latest generation thrombectomy devices, so called stent-retrievers, have shown significantly improved clinical outcome compared to the standard treatment with intra-venous thrombolysis using r-tPA alone. Despite some differences in inclusion criteria between these studies, all required non-invasive vessel imaging to proof occlusion of a major brain supplying vessel. Furthermore, in most studies additional imaging techniques were used to exclude patients with already established large cerebral infarction or unfavorable collateral or penumbral status. Patients with small infarct volume, severe neurological deficits and in whom thrombectomy can be initiated within the first 6 hours after symptom onset seem to benefit the most. Therefore, mechanical thrombectomy using stent-retrievers in addition to intra-venous thrombolysis is recommended for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with proven major vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.
Interferometric SAR image restoration using Monte Carlo metropolis method

We present a novel method of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) image restoration. An InSAR image is modeled as a complex-valued Markov random field (CMRF). Corrupted parts, which are indicated by residues in phase data, are restored by using the Monte Carlo Metropolis (MM) method based on their uncorrupted neighbor's CMRF parameter values. The system is implemented as a complex-valued neural network. The restoration process reduces the residue number, which is useful in the phase unwrapping process. The advantage of the method is demonstrated in the unwrapping process of an InSAR image that contains highly dense residues.
Recapitulation of elements of embryonic development in adult mouse pancreatic regeneration.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The mammalian pancreas has a strong regenerative potential, but the origin of organ restoration is not clear, and it is not known to what degree such a process reflects pancreatic development. To define cell differentiation changes associated with pancreatic regeneration in adult mice, we compared regeneration following caerulein-induced pancreatitis to that of normal pancreatic development. METHODS By performing comparative histology for adult and embryonic pancreatic markers in caerulein-treated and control pancreas, we addressed cellular proliferation and differentiation (amylase, DBA-agglutinin, insulin, glucagon, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Notch1, Notch2, Jagged1, Jagged2, Hes1), hereby describing the kinetics of tissue restoration. RESULTS We demonstrate that surviving pancreatic exocrine cells repress the terminal exocrine gene program and induce genes normally associated with undifferentiated pancreatic progenitor cells such as Pdx1, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and Notch components, including Notch1 , Notch2 , and Jagged2 . Expression of the Notch target gene Hes1 provides evidence that Notch signaling is reactivated in dedifferentiated pancreatic cells. Although previous studies have suggested a process of acino-to-ductal transdifferentiation in pancreatic regeneration, we find no evidence to suggest that dedifferentiated cells acquire a ductal fate during this process. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic regeneration following chemically induced pancreatitis in the mouse occurs predominantly through acinar cell dedifferentiation, whereby a genetic program resembling embryonic pancreatic precursors is reinstated.
Structural basis of activation-dependent binding of ligand-mimetic antibody AL-57 to integrin LFA-1

The activity of integrin LFA-1 (αLβ2) to its ligand ICAM-1 is regulated through the conformational changes of its ligand-binding domain, the I domain of αL chain, from an inactive, low-affinity closed form (LA), to an intermediate-affinity form (IA), and then finally, to a high-affinity open form (HA). A ligand-mimetic human monoclonal antibody AL-57 (activated LFA-1 clone 57) was identified by phage display to specifically recognize the affinity-upregulated I domain. Here, we describe the crystal structures of the Fab fragment of AL-57 in complex with IA, as well as in its unligated form. We discuss the structural features conferring AL-57's strong selectivity for the high affinity, open conformation of the I domain. The AL-57-binding site overlaps the ICAM-1 binding site on the I domain. Furthermore, an antibody Asp mimics an ICAM Glu by forming a coordination to the metal-ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). The structure also reveals better shape complementarity and a more hydrophobic interacting interface in AL-57 binding than in ICAM-1 binding. The results explain AL-57's antagonistic mimicry of LFA-1's natural ligands, the ICAM molecules.
Shape parameter estimation for generalized-Gaussian-distributed frequency spectra of audio signals

We have devised a method for estimating, from a single frame of audio frequency spectra, a shape parameter of multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution which has variance represented by an all-pole model and no covariance. Based on powered all-pole spectrum estimation (PAPSE), which is an extension of linear prediction, the proposed method simultaneously estimates the shape parameter and the maximum-likelihood variance, allowing more accurate representation of the probability density functions of the spectra. This paper shows an integration of the estimation into an audio codec for an example of its application, which resulted in the enhancement of the objective and subjective reconstruction quality. Since this estimation method provides us with simple parameters which reflect some acoustic features of signals, the method may also be useful in other audio signal processing problems.
The response of Aeromonas hydrophila to oxidative stress induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide

Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunist human pathogen of low virulence, was shown to display a high degree of sensitivity upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. As with other species, Aer. hydrophila is able to develop the capacity to resist loss of viability induced by such oxidative stress. Development of stress resistance follows the archetypal profile where pre‐exposure of a population to sub‐lethal levels of H2O2 stimulates onset of tolerance to further exposure. Acquisition of tolerance critically requires nascent protein synthesis. Further analysis demonstrated population growth phase influences the degree of sensitivity of the organism. Late stationary phase cultures demonstrate a decreased sensitivity compared with younger populations. Significantly, it was also determined that stock culture age influenced the level of sensitivity of the derived experimental culture, where an increased stock culture age corresponded with enhanced resistance to H2O2. These data show that Aer. hydrophila population phenotype is influenced by the phenotype of the donor stock culture.
Genotyping and Quantitation of Noroviruses in Oysters from Two Distinct Sea Areas in Japan

Norovirus (NV) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and shellfishes including oysters act as major vehicles of the virus. To investigate the genetic characteristics of NVs, we collected 1,512 oysters for raw consumption between October 2002 and March 2005 from two distinct areas (area A: the Sanriku Sea area; area B: the Setouchi Sea area). We detected the capsid gene and subjected it to phylogenetic analysis. By further quantification of the copy number of the genome by using real‐time PCR, the NV capcid gene was detected in approximately 5% of the oysters, and they showed wide diversity. Two percent of the oysters from area B showed relatively large number of NVs, i.e., over 100 copies of capsid gene/oyster, whereas this was not observed in area A. Most of the detected NVs from oysters and humans were genetically related when the capsid region was compared. These results suggested that NVs obtained from humans and those obtained from oysters showed a potential relationship to each other and that some populations of Japanese oysters accumulated a relatively large number of NVs.