Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A choice of research strategy for identifying community-based action skill requirements in the process of delivering housing market renewal

This paper focuses on the choice of research strategy for investigating necessary skills and competencies that need to be acquired by the relevant participants involved in the process of delivering Housing Market Renewal in the East Lancashire Pathfinder area, England. It outlines the methodology adopted for the research and presents evidence for choosing the particular methodology during the development of research design. This paper reviews the differences and similarities among the common research strategies. The strengths and weaknesses of research paradigms with issues highlighted by reference to the research on skills for community-based action in the process of delivering Housing Market Renewal are discussed to provide valid reasons for the choice of the appropriate research strategy. From this study, it draws out lessons about research strategy, specifying from the research questions reaching closure and about the strengths and weaknesses of exploratory case study approach as a research tool.
A New Value-to-Price Anomaly and the Idiosyncratic Risk

This study documents the prominent role of idiosyncratic risk in impeding arbitrage activities with regard to a new value-to-price anomaly. Adopting the theoretical foundation and empirical specification of Hwang and Sohn’s (2010) real-option-based valuation model, we measure the intrinsic value of a firm’s equity (Vo) by explicitly incorporating the shareholders’ abandonment option into the residual-income-based value estimate. This new value-to-price (Vo/P) ratio has a unique return predictability after controlling for previously known return determinants (such as beta, the book-to-market ratio, and momentum), especially when the probability of exercising the shareholders’ abandonment option is high. We call the power of Vo/P to predict future returns the “Vo/P anomaly. ” We find that this Vo/P anomaly is exacerbated by idiosyncratic risk to a greater extent than by any other arbitrage risk factor, including institutional ownership, analyst coverage, bid-ask spread, and trading volume. This evidence is consistent with an emerging stream of literature that claims that idiosyncratic risk is the single greatest impediment to market efficiency. We also find that the impact of idiosyncratic volatility on the Vo/P anomaly is more pronounced for firms with a high probability of exercising the abandonment option. Our findings are robust to various sensitivity tests.
Long‐term stability of axonal boutons in the mouse barrel cortex

Many lines of evidence indicate that postsynaptic dendritic spines are plastic during development and largely stable in adulthood. It remains unclear to what degree presynaptic axonal terminals undergo changes in the developing and mature cortex. In this study, we examined the formation and elimination of fluorescently‐labeled axonal boutons in the living mouse barrel cortex with transcranial two‐photon microscopy. We found that the turnover of axonal boutons was significantly higher in 3‐week‐old young mice than in adult mice (older than 3 months). There was a slight but significant net loss of axonal boutons in mice from 1 to 2 months of age. In both young and adult barrel cortex, axonal boutons existed for at least 1 week were less likely to be eliminated than those recently‐formed boutons. In adulthood, 80% of axonal boutons persisted over 12 months and enriched sensory experience caused a slight but not significant increase in the turnover of axonal boutons over 2–4 weeks. Thus, similar to postsynaptic dendritic spines, presynaptic axonal boutons show remarkable stability after development ends. This long‐term stability of synaptic connections is likely important for reliable sensory processing in the mature somatosensory cortex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 252–261, 2016
Face recognition technology and the security versus privacy tradeo

 Video surveillance and face recognition systems have become the subject of increased interest and controversy after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. On the positive side, there is the lure of a powerful tool to aid national security. On the negative side, there are fears of an Orwellian invasion of privacy. Given the ongoing nature of the controversy, and the fact that face recognition systems represent leading-edge and rapidly changing technology, this is a major current topic in the area of social impact of technology. This paper analyzes the interplay of technical and social issues involved in the widespread application of video surveillance for person identification. Index Terms  video surveillance, face recognition, biometrics, privacy, social impact of technology, computers and society, ethics and computing.
Asset price, asset securitization and financial stability

Prior to the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, securitization has been widely perceived as a way to disperse credit risks, and to enhance financial system’s capacity in dealing with defaults. This paper develops a model of securitization and financial stability in the form of amplification effects. This model has illustrated three different scenarios: A negative shock in the economy will lead to downturn of the economy and falling of the asset prices, deteriorating balance sheets and tightening financing conditions. However, if there is no shock or a positive shock, banks can improve its profitability significantly through securitization. While securitization decreases the probability of systemic crisis, banks tend to suffer more when the crisis happens as a result of over-borrowing and over-investing. This paper uses a three-period theoretical model to demonstrate the impact of securitization on the financial stability, and provides clear analytical guidelines for a new regulatory framework of securitization that account for systemic risk and systemic externalities.
Justifying Aggregation With Consensus-Based Constructs

Management researchers often use consensus-based composition models to examine the antecedents and effects of higher-level constructs. Typically, researchers present three indices, rwg, ICC(1), and ICC(2), to demonstrate agreement and consistency among lower-level units when justifying aggregation. Nevertheless, researchers debate what values for these indices are sufficient. This study examines the distributional characteristics of ICCs and rwg values from three sources: the multilevel literature, a large multinational sample of student teams, and a large sample of randomly generated “pseudo teams. ” Our results support existing cutoff criteria for ICCs but suggest that generally accepted values for rwg may, under certain circumstances, reflect pseudo-agreement (i.e., agreement observed among two raters not attributable to the same target). Thus, when there is minimal between-group variance (i.e., low ICCs), it is difficult to determine whether high rwg values reflect agreement or pseudo-agreement. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations to help researchers interpret aggregation indices.
Experimental studies of the application of the Er:YAG laser on dental hard substances: II. Light microscopic and SEM investigations

Many studies have been undertaken trying to use various laser systems as optical drills on dental enamel and dentin, but the high radiant exposure needed and subsequent high temperature rises lead to fractures of the hard substances and possible damages to the pulp. Compared to the other laser systems, the use of the Er:Yag laser has given encouraging results. Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed only minimal if any damage of the surrounding tissue.
Improved differential evolution for microarray analysis

Clustering is an important tool for analysing the microarray data to identify groups of co-expressed genes. The problem of fuzzy clustering in microarray data motivated us to develop an improved clustering algorithm. In this paper, an improved differential evolution based fuzzy clustering technique is proposed. The performance of the proposed improved differential evolution based fuzzy clustering technique has been compared with other state-of-the-art clustering algorithms for publicly available benchmark microarray data sets. Statistical and biological significance tests have been carried out to establish the statistical superiority of the proposed clustering approach and biological relevance of clusters of co-expressed genes, respectively.
Word-of Mouth Transmission in Settings with Multiple Opinions: The Impact of Other Opinions on Wom Intention and Strength

In two experiments we examine word-of-mouth (WOM) in multiple opinion settings. In Study 1, we find that (generally) the presence of congruent other opinions tended to increase the likelihood and strength of WOM compared to a situation when there was no other opinion. In addition, incongruent other opinions also have a tendency to increase WOM likelihood, but reduced strength compared to when no other opinions were present. Further, we find that consumer’s level of satisfaction and strength of social tie to the recipient moderated the effect of opinion congruence. In Study 2, we generally replicate the results in Study 1 in a different context and also examine the impact of consumer-brand relationship quality (BRQ). We find that participants with low BRQ increased WOM likelihood and reduced WOM strength, whereas those with high BRQ were less susceptible to other opinions. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study’s findings are discussed.
Measuring Material Properties of Proton Exchange Membranes using Pressure Loaded Blister Testing and Digital Image Correlation

The strength and durability of proton exchange membranes for use in fuel cells has received much attention recently due to the increased push for sustainable alternatives to the internal combustion engine. To be viable, these alternatives must have comparable lifetimes and power outputs to the internal combustion engines they replace. Chemical degradation was once viewed as the most common culprit of early fuel cell failure, but as membranes and catalysts improved, mechanical failure became an important factor. As a result, fundamental research on the mechanically-induced failure mechanisms of fuel cell membranes, coupled with development and processing of less expensive membranes, has become an important topic. The use of the blister test geometry, along with digital image correlation of the deformed shape, creates a self-contained analysis tool useful for measuring the biaxial strength of membranes. In this work, blister tests are used to measure biaxial stress and strain for fuel cell membranes subjected to ramped pressure loading to form stress-strain curves that indicate the onset of yielding under biaxial stress conditions. Stress-life curves are developed experimentally for Gore-Select® series 57 members using data collected under constant pressure conditions. These results are used to predict blister failure under ramped and fatigue loadings. A newly implemented hydrocarbon membrane system is evaluated with constant-pressure-to-leak blister testing. Improved strength following an isothermal hold at 100°C (pretreatment) is shown to occur. Ramped pressure testing indicates that the material after the pretreatment is stiffer and has a higher yield stress than the material before treatment. Morphological and constitutive characterization indicated differences in the materials that are consistent with the improved performance.
An analysis of the logistics service provider (LSP) industry in a developing country: a focus on Indonesia

This research focuses on the logistics service provider (LSP) sector in Indonesia. The desire of Indonesia to achieve an effective and efficient logistics system is influenced by geographical state of Indonesia which has 17,504 islands, 225 million population and abundant natural resources such as oil, gas, coal and palm oil. The geographical condition that the country only has 22% of the land means quality of logistics service is important for the country. In addition Indonesia is one of the countries in which LSP research has not been developed. This study aims to gain a better understanding of logistics service quality in Indonesia in relation to perceived logistics service value. The research aims to identify main variables which influence logistics service value and to identify inter-relationship among the identified variables in influencing logistics service value. The research framework is inspired by the customer valuebased theory of the firm and the resource-based value theory of the firm. In this framework, logistics service value is defined as an evaluative judgment or assessment of what customers of the LSP perceive they receive from the LSP compare to what they give in a commercial relationship between LSP and their customers. Research paradigm utilized in this research is post-positivism. Quantitative approach and survey research design is used as research approach and strategy of inquiry. This research investigates LSP and their customers in Indonesia as the target population. The sample frame of this study consists of two source. For the population of LSP, the sample frame is identified from the GAFEKSI (Indonesian Forwarders and Logistics Service Providers Association) membership; while for the population of LSP’s customers, the sample frame is identified from the information given by the respondents in the LSP organization. The hypotheses are examined in the business to business relationships context between LSPs and their customers at the firm level. The unit of analysis of this research were employees’ perceptions in the LSP firm about quality management practice in their LSP; perceptions of LSP’s customers about logistics service quality provided; and perceptions of LSP’s customers about
Clinical and functional correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in urban adolescent girls at a primary care clinic.

OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and functional correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma-exposed urban adolescent girls. METHOD Ninety female adolescents aged 12 to 21 years (mean 17.3 years) who presented for routine medical care at an adolescent primary care clinic were assessed with self-report questionnaires and interviews for trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, other psychopathology, and psychosocial, family, and school function. RESULTS Ninety-two percent (n = 83) endorsed at least one trauma. Witnessing community violence (85.6%) and hearing about a homicide (67.8%) were the most common traumatic events endorsed. Twelve (14.4%) and 10 (11.6%) traumatized girls met DSM-IV symptom criteria for full and partial PTSD, respectively. Compared with traumatized girls without PTSD, girls with PTSD were significantly more depressed, used more cigarettes and marijuana, and were more likely to have failed a school grade, been suspended from school, or been arrested. CONCLUSIONS Urban adolescent girls are exposed to multiple types of trauma. Whereas most develop at least one posttraumatic stress symptom, girls who meet full symptom criteria for PTSD show evidence of other psychopathology, increased cigarette and marijuana use, and poorer school performance. Further research is needed to identify and treat inner-city girls with PTSD.
Turning Elementary Trees into Feature Structures

The richness of the TAG formalism allows one to encode a wide variety of linguistic information in the topology of an elementary tree (ex: argument vs adjunct distinction, information about “belonging” to a given subcategorization class, constraints on word order, realization of one or more syntactic phenomena such as passive, wh extraction etc.). Given a number of “linguistic” information and constraints applying to lexical items, a grammar developer will encode this information into one or several elementary trees. However, proceeding in the opposite direction is far less obvious : given an elementary tree, which crucial pieces of linguistic information are provided by this tree, and how can these pieces be clearly isolated and represented ? In this paper we try to answer that question. More precisely, we investigate the different possibilities for extracting from each elementary tree of a TAG a feature structure which captures and clearly separates each piece of essential linguistic information conveyed by that elementary tree. 1 We examine existing implementations of wide-coverage TAG grammars. Current existing wide-coverage TAG grammars are either semi-automatically generated from an abstract level of syntactic representation such as MetaRules or a MetaGrammar, or are “plain” grammars that do not resort to such an intermediate step of abstract syntactic generalization 2. Therefore, after explaining in the first part of this paper why featurizing a TAG is useful, we then discuss the featurization of these three types of TAGs: We examine the “featurization” of a TAG semi-automatically generated with a MetaGrammar, the featurization of a TAG generated with MetaRules, and finally, several options for featurizing a plain TAG (hand-crafted, or automatically acquired from a treebank). We argue that automatic featurization is desirable, and show that such an automation is achievable thanks to existing implementations, either via a MetaGrammar approach or via a MetaRules approach, even in order to featurize plain grammars.
Relationship marketing and partnerships in not for profit sport in Australia

Certain constructs influence relationships within community organizations and the not-for-profit sport sector. This qualitative study identified influences on relationships and determinants of successful and unsuccessful partnerships and determined the application of 28 constructs derived from literature on relationship marketing, education partnerships, and health and community service partnerships. Results of interviews with 15 personnel from Australian sport, education, and health and community service agencies indicated that partnerships achieve goals that the individual partners could not achieve individually, foster innovation, and share knowledge and expertise. A key feature of successful relationships is complementary expertise and knowledge. Factors contributing to an unsuccessful relationship include poor communication, incompatible management styles, lack of commitment (including time), staff turnover, and lack of satisfaction. Key constructs that influence relationships are appropriate partners, commitment, communication, cultural/management style, funding/resource allocation, and satisfaction. This study also identified the need for community agencies to make conscious effort to manage their relationships. Not-for-profit sport organizations did not practice relationship management and tended to take the development of their relationships for granted. Focusing on the constructs that influence relationships can assist sport managers to derive more positive outcomes from their relationships
Occupational and Industry Mobility in the United States, 1969-1992

Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate occupational and industrial mobility of individuals over the 1969-1980 and 1981-1992 periods in the U.S. We find that workers changed both occupation and industry more frequently in the later period. Workers, on average, shifted occupation 1.8 times in the earlier period and 2.1 times in the later, and shifted industry 0.8 and 1.2 times, respectively. We also find that occupational and industry changes are associated with lower earnings, though this effect has lessened over time (from a 13 percent earnings reduction per occupational change for men in 1972-74 to a 9 percent loss in 1990-92). Our results also indicate that older workers are less likely to shift occupation or industry, as are better paid men but not better paid women.
"A Bit of Code": How the Stack Overflow Community Creates Quality Postings

The Stack Overflow web site is an online community where programmers can ask and answer one another's questions, earning points and badges. The site offers guidance in the form of a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), beginning with “What kind of questions can I ask here? ” The answer explains that “the best Stack Overflow questions have a bit of source code in them”. This paper explores the role of source code and non-source code text on Stack Overflow in both questions and answers. The primary contribution of this paper is to provide a more detailed understanding of whether the presence of source code (and how much) actually will produce the “best” Stack Overflow questions or answers. A second contribution of this paper is to determine how the non-code portions of the text might also contribute the “best” Stack Overflow postings.
A Survey of Anomaly Detection Using Data Mining Methods for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web Services

In contrast to traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), data mining anomaly detection methods/techniques has been widely used in the domain of network traffic data for intrusion detection and cyber threat. Data mining is widely recognized as popular and important intelligent and automatic tools to assist humans in big data security analysis and anomaly detection over IDSs. In this study we discuss our review in data mining anomaly detection methods for HTTP web services. Today, many online careers and actions including online shopping and banking are running through web-services. Consequently, the role of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in web services is crucial, since it is the standard facilitator for communication protocol. Hence, among the intruders that bound attacks, HTTP is being considered as a vital middle objective. In the recent years, an effective system that has attracted the attention of the researchers is the anomaly detection which is based on data mining methods. We provided an overview on four general data mining techniques such as classification, clustering, semi-supervised and association rule mining. These data mining anomaly detection methods can be used to computing intelligent HTTP request data, which are necessary in describing user behavior. To meet the challenges of data mining techniques, we provide challenges and issues section for intrusion detection systems in HTTP web services.
Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer for Head and Neck Reconstruction in Children: Part I

Background:Limited outcome data exist regarding the survival of microvascular free flaps for head and neck reconstruction in children. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis comparing the survival of the most commonly used free flaps used for head and neck reconstruction in children. Methods:A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted using various keywords up to January 1, 2015. Meta-analysis was used to compare the survival of the most commonly used free flaps. The primary predictor variable was free flap type. The primary outcome variable was flap failure. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated using a Mantel-Haenszel, fixed-effects model. Results:The authors reviewed 25,303 abstracts. Five studies met inclusion criteria. A total of 646 children received a total of 694 free flaps. The pooled survival rate among all free flaps was 96.4%. The fibula free flap (fibula) and subscapular system free flaps (scapula) were the most commonly used flaps. There was no difference in survival when comparing the scapula (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.56, P = 0.29), or fibula (RR = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.55, 6.65, P = 0.31) to other free flaps, or when comparing the scapula to the fibula (RR = 2.29; 95% CI: 0.40, 13.08, P = 0.35). Conclusions:Free tissue transfer is highly successful in children. Although data are limited, there appears to be no difference in survival among various free flaps used for head and neck reconstruction in children.