Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OAuth and ABE based authorization in semi-trusted cloud computing: aauth

In cloud computing, inter-operations between data-storage and web-application providers can protect users from locking their data and applications into a single cloud provider. Currently, web-based access control standards are applicable only when data owners and cloud service providers are in the same trusted domain. Unfortunately, this condition cannot be satisfied in untrusted clouds, where cloud providers may access sensitive information without authorization. Most previous studies require end-user certificates or specific APIs and depart from existing standards. In this paper, we propose a new authorization scheme (AAuth) that builds on the OAuth standard by leveraging ciphertext-policy attribute based encryption and an ElGamal-like mask over the HTTP protocol. Our scheme provides end-to-end encryption and ABE-based tokens to enable authorization by both authorities and owners and to move policy enforcement from clouds to destinations. With our user-centric approach, owners can take control of their data when it rests in semi-untrusted cloud storage. Moreover, with most cryptographic functions delegated from owners to authorities, owners can gain computation power from clouds. Security analysis shows that our scheme maintains the same security level as the original encryption scheme and protects users from exposing their credential to application providers. In our extensive simulation, AAuth's greater overhead was balanced by greater security than OAuth's. Furthermore, our scheme works seamlessly with storage providers by retaining the providers' APIs in the usual way.
Effect of financial incentives on delivery of alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) in primary care: longitudinal study.

INTRODUCTION Alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) is effective but underprovided in primary care. Financial incentives may help address this. This study assesses the impact of a local pay-for-performance programme on delivery of ASBI in UK primary care. METHODS Longitudinal study using data from 30 general practices in north-west London from 2008 to 2011 with logistic regression to examine disparities in ASBI delivery. RESULTS Of 211 834 registered patients, 45 040 were targeted by the incentive (cardiovascular conditions or high risk; mental health conditions), of whom 65.7% were screened (up from a baseline of 4.8%, P < 0.001), compared with 14.7% of non-targeted patients (P < 0.001). Screening rates were lower after adjustment in younger patients, White patients, less deprived areas and in patients with mental health conditions (P < 0.05). Of those screened, 11.5% were positive and 88.6% received BI. Men and White patients were significantly more likely to screen positive. Women and younger patients were less likely to receive BI. 30.1% of patients re-screened were now negative. However, patients with mental health conditions were less likely to re-screen negative than those with cardiovascular conditions. CONCLUSION Financial incentives appear to be effective in increasing delivery of ASBI in primary care and may reduce hazardous and harmful drinking in some patients. The findings support universal rather than targeted screening.
Can the P300-based BCItraining affect the ERPs?

In the context of the EEG-based BCI, the P300 is a promising control feature that can be elicited with the "Oddball" paradigm. There are no evidences about the possibility to enhance brain responses through training. The aim of this study was to investigate if the use of P300-based BCI systems can increase ERPs stability and therefore potentiate user's perfomances.
BaSTA : consistent multiscale multiple change-point detection for ARCH processes

The emergence of the recent financial crisis, during which markets frequently underwent changes in their statistical structure over a short period of time, illustrates the importance of non-stationary modelling in financial time series. Motivated by this observation, we propose a fast, well-performing and theoretically tractable method for detecting multiple change-points in the structure of an ARCH model for financial returns with piecewise-constant parameter values. Our method, termed BaSTA (Binary Segmentation for Transformed ARCH), proceeds in two stages: process transformation and binary segmentation. The process transformation decorrelates the original process and lightens its tails, the binary segmentation consistently estimates the change-points. We propose and justify two particular transformations, and use simulation to fine-tune their parameters as well as the threshold parameter for the binary segmentation stage. A comparative simulation study illustrates good performance in comparison with the state of the art, and the analysis of the FTSE index reveals an interesting correspondence between the estimated change-points and major events of the recent financial crisis. Although the method is easy to implement, ready-made R software is provided. ∗Department of Statistics, Columbia House, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. †Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3143, USA.
2I-4 Pulse Wave Imaging in Murine Abdominal Aortas: A Feasibility Study

One of the most crucial aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diagnosis lies in the early detection of the aneurysm and its propensity for rupture. This study aims at determining whether the estimation of the aortic wall stiffness of the natural mechanical, pulsating motion of the aorta is feasible using high-resolution and high-frame-rate imaging in a murine model. Twelve wild-type (WT) mice were anesthetized, and underwent laparotomy. The abdominal aortas of five normal mice were scanned using a high-resolution (30 MHz) Vevo 770 (Visualsonics, Inc., Ontario, Canada) system and acquiring the RF signals. A composite frame rate of 8 kHz was achieved through ECG triggering on the RF acquisition over several cardiac cycles, which increased the tracking ability of the elastographic technique. Cross correlation techniques using windows of 150-micron size and 90% overlap were applied to estimate motions on the order of tens of microns between successive frames. The strain and the velocity of the pulsive wave in the aorta were estimated and imaged using the gradient and phase shift estimation techniques, respectively. Finally, the Young's modulus of the aortic wall was derived using the pulsive wave velocity based on the Moens-Korteweg equation. The pulsive wave during pulsatile flow was imaged by mapping the wall displacements consecutively in a cine-loop format. High wall displacements were observed 10.3 ms after the R-wave peak of the ECG and a pulsive wave was initiated traveling from the heart's side along the aortic wall in less than 3 ms within the image view. The phase velocity of the pulse wave was computed at the frequency of 200 Hz and a velocity of 2.60 plusmn 0.57 m/s was found. The radius of the aorta and the wall thickness (measured on the B-mode image) were found equal to R = 0.47 mm and h = 0.12 mm, respectively. Using these measured parameters, the Young's modulus of the aortic wall was found equal to E = 50.9 plusmn 20.0 kPa. This value is in agreement with previously reported Young's moduli in the adventitia layer of the porcine descending aorta. In this study, we demonstrated that pulse wave imaging is feasible and that it can be used for mapping the propagation of the pulsive wave along the wall of the abdominal aorta in a murine model in order to determine its elasticity. Ongoing studies aim at determining the potential for this technique to be used in the detection of aneurysms based on their associated change of mechanical properties of the aortic wall
Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods

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Children’s Developing Understanding of the Conventionality of Rules

ABSTRACT Much research has investigated how children relate to norms taught to them by adult authorities. Very few studies have investigated norms that arise out of children’s own peer interactions. In two studies, we investigated how 5- and 7-year-old children teach, enforce, and understand rules that they either created themselves or were taught by an adult. Children (N = 240) were asked to either invent game rules on their own or were taught these exact same rules by an adult (yoked design). Children of both ages enforced and transmitted the rules in a normative way, regardless of whether they had invented them or were taught the rules by an adult, suggesting that they viewed even their own self-made rules as normatively binding. However, creating the rules led 5-year-old children to understand them as much more changeable as compared with adult-taught rules. Seven-year-olds, in contrast, regarded both kinds of rules as equally changeable, indeed allowing fewer changes to their self-created rules than 5-year-olds. While the process of creating rules seemed to enlighten preschoolers’ understanding of the conventionality of the rules, school-aged children regarded both self-created rules and adult-taught rules in a similar manner, suggesting a deeper understanding of rule normativity as arising from social agreement and commitment.
Argonaute of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is a DNA-guided nuclease that targets cognate DNA

Functions of prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgo) have long remained elusive. Recently, Argonautes of the bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Thermus thermophilus were demonstrated to be involved in host defense. The Argonaute of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) belongs to a different branch in the phylogenetic tree, which is most closely related to that of RNA interference-mediating eukaryotic Argonautes. Here we describe a functional and mechanistic characterization of PfAgo. Like the bacterial counterparts, archaeal PfAgo contributes to host defense by interfering with the uptake of plasmid DNA. PfAgo utilizes small 5′-phosphorylated DNA guides to cleave both single stranded and double stranded DNA targets, and does not utilize RNA as guide or target. Thus, with respect to function and specificity, the archaeal PfAgo resembles bacterial Argonautes much more than eukaryotic Argonautes. These findings demonstrate that the role of Argonautes is conserved through the bacterial and archaeal domains of life and suggests that eukaryotic Argonautes are derived from DNA-guided DNA-interfering host defense systems.
Ridgelets: a key to higher-dimensional intermittency?

In dimensions two and higher, wavelets can efficiently represent only a small range of the full diversity of interesting behaviour. In effect, wavelets are well adapted for point–like phenomena, whereas in dimensions greater than one, interesting phenomena can be organized along lines, hyperplanes and other non–point–like structures, for which wavelets are poorly adapted. We discuss in this paper a new subject, ridgelet analysis, which can effectively deal with line–like phenomena in dimension 2, plane–like phenomena in dimension 3 and so on. It encompasses a collection of tools which all begin from the idea of analysis by ridge functions ψ(u1x1 + ⃛ + unxn whose ridge profiles ψ are wavelets, or alternatively from performing a wavelet analysis in the Radon domain. The paper reviews recent work on the continuous ridgelet transform (CRT), ridgelet frames, ridgelet orthonormal bases, ridgelets and edges and describes a new notion of smoothness naturally attached to this new representation.
The Overhead of Being Fair

The fairness of Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ) is greatly affected by the number of queues to which flows are hashed. Specifically, a large queue pool results in a small probability of flow collisions and, hence, better fairness in allocating bandwidth to flows. However, the research community has assumed that a large number of queues poses an unsustainably large overhead on an SFQ router, even though such an overhead has never been investigated or quantified. This work investigates this overhead and proves its insignificance by means of emulations. For example, when the number of queues was increased by 3 orders of magnitude in our emulation setup, there was no statistically significant difference in the router processing delays.
Trusted Framework for Health Information Exchange

Healthcare Interchange Exchange (HIE) is set of healthcare entities that link regions and nations around the world to share healthcare information about patients. HIE provides a unified interface to various stakeholders to access patient data. For example, individuals want to access personal data, practitioners want to import their patient data from Personal Health Records (PHR) and researchers want to access anonymized patient data for research purposes with ensured individual privacy. Keeping in view requirements of various stakeholders it is challenging to design an HIE system that ensures the security and privacy of patient information, such that the health records remain interoperable and scalable. This paper proposes, an HIE framework that will provide secure access to patient data and adhere to the interoperability rules. Implementation of l-diversity algorithm ensures individual privacy especially when the data is made available publicly for statistical analysis.
Near-Infrared Photometry of the Core-Collapsed Metal-Poor Globular Cluster NGC 5946 and NGC 7099

Moderately deep near-infrared images are used to investigate the photometric properties and spatial distribution of bright giants near the centers of the core-collapsed globular clusters NGC5946 and NGC7099. The former cluster is located at a low Galactic latitude and is heavily reddened; nevertheless, the K, J-K color-magnitude diagram (CMD) shows a well-defined giant branch, with a width +/- 0.05 magnitudes in J-K. Most of the observed width is due to differential reddening. The upper giant branch is relatively steep, and comparisons with less reddened clusters indicate that (1) NGC5946 must be very metal-poor, with [Fe/H] ~ -2, and (2) E(B-V) ~ 0.6. The distance to NGC5946 derived using the near-infrared brightness of the giant branch tip is in excellent agreement with that computed from the V brightness of the HB if E(B-V) = 0.6. The NGC7099 giant branch terminates ~ 1 mag fainter in K than the expected tip brightness. The integrated J-K color of NGC7099 changes with radius, such that Delta (J-K) /Delta log(r) = 0.05 - 0.09, depending on the technique used to measure colors. Similar radial variations in stellar content might be expected in NGC5946; however, the integrated J-K color of this cluster remains constant with radius and, after removing the brightest resolved stars, a color gradient is seen that is in the opposite sense to that in NGC7099. The relative density of bright giant branch stars also remains constant within 30 arcsec of the center of NGC5946. Therefore, it is concluded that NGC5946 does not contain stellar content gradients similar to those seen in NGC7099 and other post core-collapsed clusters.
Measurement Variability in Duplex Scan Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis

The reproducibility of duplex scan measures of carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated as part of a study assessing the prevalence of carotid disease in elderly adults. Methods Doppler measures of blood flow velocity were used to evaluate disease severity, and extent of carotid plaque was scored from the B-mode image. A reader assigned a grade from 0 to 3 to each of seven segments in the carotid system, based on the number and size of lesions present. Reproducibility data were obtained from 30 study participants who underwent a repeat scan by a second sonographer. Each scan was then scored by two readers. Results Doppler measures of blood flow velocity were found to be highly reproducible, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.81 for the common carotid artery, 0.84 for the internal carotid artery, and 0.77 for the internal carotid artery velocity to common carotid artery velocity ratio. Reproducibility of plaque grade was evaluated using segment as the unit of analysis, and both sonographer and reader variation were analyzed. When readers differed perfect agreement was achieved in 84% of the segments (K=0.67), and when sonographers differed perfect agreement was obtained in 78% of the segments (K=0.56). When both sonographer and reader differed, perfect agreement was obtained in 77% of the segments (K=0.53). The plaque index, created by summing plaque grades from selected segments, was highly reproducible, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.86. Conclusions The duplex scan protocol described here provides reliable measures of both extent and severity of carotid disease that are appropriate for use in cross-sectional studies.
PIWIL1 destabilizes microtubule by suppressing phosphorylation at Ser16 and RLIM-mediated degradation of stathmin1

Human PIWIL1, alias HIWI, is a member of Piwi protein family and expressed in various tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of PIWIL1 in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Stathmin1 is a cytosolic phosphoprotein which has a critical role in regulating microtubule dynamics and is overexpressed in many cancers. Here we report that PIWIL1 can directly bind to Stathmin1. Meanwhile, PIWIL1 can up-regulate the expression of Stathmin1 through inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated degradation induced by an E3 ubiquitin ligase RLIM. Furthermore, PIWIL1 can also reduce phosphorylation level of Stathmin1 at Ser-16 through inhibiting the interaction between CaMKII and Stathmin1. Our results showed that PIWIL1 suppresses microtubule polymerization, and promotes cell proliferation and migration via Stathmin1 for the first time. Our study reveals a novel mechanism for PIWIL1 in tumorigenesis.
Fast processing of triangle meshes using triangle fans

This paper presents a technique for decomposing a triangulated model into a set of triangle fans. We show that the triangle fan representation improves the performance of several fundamental geometric algorithms operating over triangle meshes. We present two accelerated algorithms, one for computing the nearest intersection between a ray and a fan of triangles, and one for computing the Euclidean distance from a point to a fan of triangles. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the triangle fan representation in several applications, including collision detection, implicit surface modeling and fast ray-tracing.
Emotion Identification From Continuous Speech Using Cepstral Analysis

Emotion plays a major role in the area of psychology, human computer interaction, and robotics and BPO sectors. With the advancements in the field of communication technology, it is possible to establish the channel within few seconds across the globe. As most of the communication channels are public data transmission may not be authenticated. In such situation, before interacting, it is essential to recognize speaker by the unique features in the speech. A speaker can modulate his/her voice can changes his/her emotion state. Hence emotion recognition is required for the applications like telemetry, call centers, forensics and security. In our project the main emotion consider happy, angry, boredom, and sad. In this work we dealt with speaker recognition with different emotion. The basic emotions for this study include angry, sad, happy, boredom and neutral. The features we modeled using Gamma Distribution(GD) and data base generated with 50 speakers of both genders with the above basic emotions Considering feature vector combinations
Poor Man ’ s Word-Segmentation : Unsupervised Morphological Analysis for Indonesian

We present a partially new fully unsupervised algorithm for morphological segmentation of a arbitrary natural language with only one-slot concatenative morphology. The behaviour of the algorithm is examined in detail for Indonesian as it is a good approximation of such a language. The underlying theory makes no assumptions on whether the language is prefixing or suffixing, or whether affixes are long or short. It does however make the assumption that 1. salient affixes have to be frequent, 2. words essentially are variable length sequences of random characters, and furthermore 3. that a heuristic on what constitutes a systematic affix alteration is valid. The only input required is raw unannotated text and there are no thresholds or parameters that need human tuning. Since there no reliance on existing large data collections or other linguistic resources than raw text, the approach is especially attractive for lowdensity languages. We will discuss the pressing question whether unsupervised approaches are advantageous over the alternative approach with human-built rules and lexica, especially as it pertains to languages like Indonesian, which do not have much morphology in the first place.
A general framework for statistically characterizing the dynamics of MIMO channels

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems the communication channel can be split into s-parallel single-input single-output eigenchannels. The channel gains associated with these eigenchannels depend on the magnitude of the eigenvalues of the complex random matrix that characterizes the MIMO channel. We present a general framework for the characterization of the dynamics of MIMO channels. In addition, we provide new analytical results for the distribution of the largest eigenvalue of two correlated Wishart matrices, which enable a direct evaluation of different system performance metrics such as the probability of two consecutive outages separated by a given time window, the level crossing rate and the average fade duration.
Analysis of  $K$-Tier Uplink Cellular Networks With Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

We use stochastic geometry to develop a comprehensive modeling framework for K-tier uplink cellular networks with RF energy harvesting from the concurrent cellular transmissions. In the considered system model, channel inversion power control is used and cellular users are equipped with energy storage units. We also use tools from queueing theory, namely, Markov chain analysis, to model the level of stored energy in each user's battery. A successful transmission is assumed only when the amount of energy stored in a user's battery is sufficient to perform channel inversion with a received signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) above a predefined threshold. The performance of the proposed system model is evaluated in terms of the transmission probability, the (SIR) coverage probability, and the overall success probability. Using Poisson point processes (PPPs) enables us to derive simple expressions for these performance metrics in order to obtain insights for network design and optimization. We show the effect of varying the different network parameters such as the spatial density of BSs and the receiver sensitivity. In addition, we discuss several special cases and provide guidelines on the extensions of the proposed framework. We show that the gain of using RF energy harvesting can be highly improved by a proper choice of the network design parameters.