Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anticipation of Danger: Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern Perception Enhances AtPep-Triggered Oxidative Burst1[W]

Microbial elicitors and the plant defense hormone jasmonic acid differentially modulates the plant’s innate immune response. The endogenous Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) peptides, AtPeps, elicit an innate immune response reminiscent of pattern-triggered immunity. Detection of various danger signals, including microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), leads to elevated transcription of PROPEPs, the AtPep precursors, and PEPRs, the AtPep receptors. It has been hypothesized that AtPeps are involved in enhancing pattern-triggered immunity. Following this idea, we analyzed the relationship between MAMP- and AtPep-elicited signaling. We found that the perception of MAMPs enhanced a subsequent AtPep-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, other components of AtPep-triggered immunity like Ca2+ influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, ethylene production, and expression of early defense genes, as well as ROS-activated genes, remained unchanged. By contrast, treatment with methyl jasmonate promoted an increase of all analyzed AtPep-triggered responses. We positively correlated the intensities of generic AtPep-triggered responses with the abundance of the two AtPep receptors by generating constitutively expressing PEPR1 and PEPR2 transgenic lines and by analyzing pepr1 and pepr2 mutants. Further, we show that enhanced, as well as basal, ROS production triggered by AtPeps is absent in the double mutant of the respiratory burst oxidase homologs D and F (rbohD rbohF). We present evidence that the enhancement of AtPep-triggered ROS is not based on changes in the ROS detoxification machinery and is independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Taken together, these results indicate an additional level of regulation besides receptor abundance for the RbohD/RbohF-dependent production of AtPep-elicited ROS, which is specifically operated by MAMP-triggered pathways.
Influence of Beach Chair Position on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation: A Comparison of INVOS and FORE-SIGHT Cerebral Oximeter

Background: Although beach chair position (BCP) is frequently used for shoulder surgery, a potentially detrimental influence on cerebral oxygenation is discussed. Therefore, the present study investigated changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2/StO2) during BCP comparing 2 different devices for near-infrared spectroscopy measurement. Methods: Data were collected in 35 patients undergoing shoulder surgery in BCP and compared with a control group of 35 awake volunteers. The rSO2/StO2 was assessed using INVOS and FORE-SIGHT monitors. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), PeCO2, FiO2, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, and rSO2/StO2 were measured before positioning, during BCP, and in supine position after surgery. Results: A decrease in rSO2/StO2 could be observed after BCP (INVOS: 76.1% supine vs. 66.7% BCP, P<0.001; FORE-SIGHT: 78.6% supine, 66.1% BCP, P<0.001), which was reversible in supine position. This decrease correlated with MAP during BCP, while in supine position no correlation was detected. In control group BCP did not influence rSO2/StO2. Changes detected with INVOS or FORE-SIGHT cerebral oximeter did not differ. Conclusion: BCP is associated with a decrease in rSO2/StO2 of 10% in anesthetized patients, which is reversible after repositioning. No changes occurred in supine position under general anesthesia as well as in awake subjects in BCP. This underlines the assumption that vasodilation by anesthetics in combination with BCP evoke a drop in rSO2/StO2. A strict hemodynamic management may be necessary to prevent desaturation events. Despite different technology used by the devices, the results of INVOS and FORE-SIGHT cerebral oximeters are comparable.
Nutrient accumulation and their uptake by red amaranth as influenced by different levels of N

The study was conducted at the farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during the period of November to December, 2010 to enhance the production of red amaranth (cv: BARI lal shak 1) through the determination of nutrient accumulations and their uptake by optimizing the appropriate levels of nitrogen (N) from urea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising six treatments with four replicate each. There were altogether six levels of N viz. N 0 (0 kg N ha -1 ), N 50 (50 kg N ha -1 ), N 75 (75 kg N ha -1 ), N 100 (100 kg N ha -1 ), N 125 (125 kg N ha -1 ) and N 150 (150 kg N ha -1 ), respectively. P, K and S were applied from TSP, MoP and gypsum @ 23, 17 and 4 kg ha-1, respectively. Results revealed that different levels of N significantly influenced the nutrient accumulation and their uptake by red amaranth. Highest nutrient contents in most of the cases were observed when N was applied @ 150 kg ha-1 which was identical with the treatment N 100 and the lowest contents were found in N0 treatment. Nutrient uptake followed similar trend like nutrient accumulation. The over result suggests that N @ 150 kg N ha -1 can be applied to boost up the production of red amaranth cv: BARI lal shak 1 under the agro-climatic conditions of the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1. 18200 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 29-32, 2013
The Problem of Oedema in Infantile Malnutrition

In contrast to the semistarved adult in our material of severely wasted infants oedema occurred only in about 2 % of all cases. Oedema was conspicuously rare in this material because severe hypoproteinaemia and osmotic hypotension were exceptional, elevated venous pressure rare, dehydration frequent and because renal clearances were very low only in cases complicated by dehydration. Although extracellular body fluid increases percentually, this does not promote oedema formation because in infants effects of posture, i.e. gravity, obviously do not operate. The aetiology of malnutrition in infancy has a bearing on oedema formation inasmuch as the latter is frequent in those type in which hypoproteinaemia is apt to develop; such types are the following: “Mehlnahrschaden”, “wartime” and “tropical” malnutrition, and Leiner's disease. The latter types of “hypoproteinaemic” malnutrition are rather exceptional in present day hospital material hence the rarity of oedema.
Transaction Processing in Multilevel Secure Databases with Kernelized Architectures: Challenges and Solutions

Multilevel security poses many challenging problems for transaction processing. The challenges are due to the conflicting requirements imposed by confidentiality, integrity, and availability-the three components of security. We identify these requirements on transaction processing in Multilevel Secure (MLS) database management systems (DBMSs) and survey the efforts of a number of researchers to meet these requirements. While our emphasis is primarily on centralized systems based on kernelized architecture, we briefly overview the research in the distributed MLS DBMSs as well.
Analytical circuit model for dipole frequency-selective surfaces

This contribution provides a fully analytical transmission-line circuit model for the transmission/reflection of an obliquely incident plane wave by a periodic array of printed dipoles. The topology of the equivalent circuit is rigorously derived in the analysis. In contrast with previously reported circuit models, the proposed approach accounts for dynamical effects that enable the application of the model in a very wide frequency range.
Dual-energy CT for the assessment of chronic myocardial infarction in patients with chronic coronary artery disease: comparison with 3-T MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to compare the performance of dual-energy CT with that of 3-T MRI with late enhancement for the detection of chronic myocardial infarction during first-pass coronary CT angiography (CTA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients underwent coronary CTA for the assessment of coronary bypass graft patency on a first-generation dual-source CT scanner in dual-energy mode. Gray-scale images (100 kV, 140 kV, and blended virtual 120 kV) were assessed for areas of hypodense myocardium during the arterial phase. In addition, a color-coded map of myocardial iodine distribution was calculated from the dual-energy data for perfusion analysis. Dual-energy CT data were compared with data from 3-T MRI with late enhancement, which served as the reference standard for scar detection using the American Heart Association's 17-segment model of the left ventricle. RESULTS One hundred one (17%) of 612 myocardial segments in 22 (61%) of 36 patients showed late enhancement on MRI. Although myocardial iodine mapping was prone to artifacts, mostly arising from sternal wires (70% sensitivity), 100-kV gray-scale images showed the highest sensitivity (80%) for the detection of myocardial scar. Blended virtual 120-kV images with lower noise and higher resolution had the best diagnostic accuracy (77% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 85% positive predictive value, 96% negative predictive value, and 94% accuracy). CONCLUSION Detection of chronic myocardial infarction on color-coded iodine distribution analysis with first-generation dual-energy CT is impeded by thoracic metallic devices. This group of patients benefits more from adequate blending of high- and low-kilovoltage gray-scale images. Further technical improvements are desirable to lower artifact burden and improve sensitivity on myocardial iodine distribution mapping.
Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents

• Each handbook draws together 25-30 newly commissioned chapters to provide a comprehensive overview of a subdiscipline of developmental psychology. • The international team of contributors to each handbook has been specially chosen for its expertise and knowledge of each field. • Each handbook is introduced and contextualized by leading figures in the field, lending coherence and authority to each volume.
Predicting political conflicts from polarized social media

In a polarized society, rhetorical arguments are usually expressed by strong, extreme terms which by themselves carry a positive or negative sentiment in favor or against one side of a social debate or conflict. In a divided society, by detecting extreme terms in a document such as a blog post which is reflecting some political opinion, we are potentially able to automatically detect the sentiment of the text about the polarizing issue. On the other hand, during any social and political conflict in a polarized society, we can observe a shift from mainstream to extreme language or rhetoric. In this paper, a new metric called "language gap" is introduced to estimate the distance between mainstream and rhetoric in a social-political debate. Then we illustrate that there is a correlation between the language shift and social conflicts. In other words, the language shift can be used as a signal for predicting social conflicts in a divided society.
Acute Coffee Ingestion Does Not Affect LDL Cholesterol Level

BACKGROUND Although patients are instructed to abstain from food before having blood drawn for lipid analysis, many still drink coffee in the morning. It is unknown whether coffee consumed prior to drawing blood samples will impact fasting serum lipids. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a single 6-oz cup of coffee with or without the addition of nondairy creamer and sugar will significantly affect fasting plasma lipid profiles. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label, randomized crossover study. At the first of 2 visits, blood was drawn to measure initial fasting lipid panels, and participants were randomized to drink 6 oz of black coffee or coffee with nondairy creamer and sugar. Within 30–60 minutes of coffee consumption, blood was drawn for follow-up lipid panels. The procedure was repeated at the second visit, except the participants were crossed over to receive the alternate coffee preparation. RESULTS Forty participants (26 men; age [mean ± SD] 45 ± 15 y) were enrolled. Total cholesterol (TC) increased from 188.2 ± 38.1 to 191.3 ± 39.9 mg/dL (p = 0.019) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased from 43.2 ± 12.3 to 44.8 ± 12.9 mg/dL (p < 0.001) after consumption of black coffee. Triglycerides decreased from 145.6 ± 123.7 to 136.3 ± 107.1 mg/dL (p = 0.014) after consumption of coffee with nondairy creamer and sugar. Changes in other lipid parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in either group, were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A single cup of coffee consumed within one hour before drawing blood resulted in statistically, but not clinically, significant differences in TC and HDL-C (black coffee) and triglycerides (coffee with creamer and sugar).
Los foraminíferos planctónicos vivos y sedimentados del margen continental de Venezuela (resumen)

Mediante el estudio de los foraminiferos planctonicos vivos y de las conchas incorporadas a los sedimentos subyacentes se relacionan las especies vivas con su ambiente actual y se comparan con los foraminiferos de los sedimentos superficiales, analizando hasta que punto los foraminiferos sedimentados seran indicadores en el futuro de las actuales condiciones ambientales. El trabajo consta de 4 partes. En la primera se exponen las condiciones ambientales, morfologia submarina y oceanografia, del margen continental de Venezuela. En la segunda parte se analizan las poblaciones de foraminiferos vivos y sedimentados colectados en una expedicion oceanografica que cubrio el area comprendida entre la desembocadura del rio Orinoco y el Golfo de Venezuela. La comparacion del cuadro mas o menos estatico de los foraminiferos de los sedimentos con la instantanea de algo dinamico - foraminiferos del plancton y condiciones ambientales - plantea la necesidad de conocer las variaciones estacionales. Estas se analizan en la tercera parte donde se discuten los valores obtenidos en tres puntos ecologicamente distintos del margen continental de Venezuela en los que se realizaron observaciones cada dos meses durante dos anos, tanto oceanograficas como de los foraminiferos. En la cuarta parte se define el valor de los foraminiferos sedimentados como documentos historicos, es decir, como indicadores del ambiente.
Long-Term Culture of Hepatocytes from Human Adults

A long-term primary human hepatocyte culture retraining liver-specific functions is important and essential for basic research and for the future development of hepatocyte-based applications. We established a normal hepatocyte culture system from excess normal tissues obtained from adult liver cancer patients who received partial liver resection. Hepatocytes were isolated after perfusion and enzymatic disaggregation, and were first maintained in hormonally defined media on a Matrigel matrix, and then transferred to collagen sandwich gel. The hepatocytes formed clusters on the Matrigel matrix and increased in size and numbers with time of culture and eventually grew into spheroids of variable sizes. After being transferred to collagen gel, the cells migrated outward from spheroids to form a monolayer with cuboidal or polygonal cell shapes with granular cytoplasm and continued to proliferate. Cellular functions specific for hepatocytes were analyzed using immunoblot assay for proteins specifically secreted by the liver cells on different days of culture. The cells secreted albumin, transferrin and α-fetoprotein consistently for more than 100 days, to a maximum of 150 days. Thus, we have established a long-term culture of hepatocytes from human adults, which will be useful for basic studies of liver physiology such as metabolism and morphogenesis, as well as for other applications in the study of infectious hepatitis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.
Joint oxygen‐glucose deprivation as the cause of necrosis in a tumor analog

The sandwich system was recently developed as an in vitro tumor analog. Like spheroids, sandwiches are organized, multicellular systems in which the interplay between diffusion and consumption leads to the formation of spatial gradients; a necrotic center and a viable cell border subsequently develop. Using sandwiches of the 9L and V79 cell lines, the effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation on the onset and formation of necrosis were investigated. The data indicate that in sandwiches necrosis is a result of a shortage of both substances. Complementary cell monolayer experiments to determine a number of consumption parameters were performed. On the basis of the data, we propose a joint oxygen‐glucose deprivation model for V79 cell necrosis. It is assumed a cell dies when oxygen deprivation in conjunction with glucose deprivation lowers the cell's ATP production rate below a critical value. Interactions of the concentrations and consumptions of oxygen and glucose are analyzed theoretically; concentration profiles are obtained by numerically solving coupled non‐linear integral equations arising from the diffusion equation. The predicted viable border widths are in good agreement with the observed values.
Renal function, acute kidney injury and hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objectives To examine retrospectively the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission and AKI outcome. Methods AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 h or an increase in SCr to ≥1.5 times baseline within the first 7 days of hospitalization. Patients with AMI were divided into subgroups according to their eGFR at admission and the development of AKI. Results This study enrolled 396 patients with AMI; 48 (12.1%) developed AKI. In-hospital mortality was 39.6% (19/48) for patients with AKI compared with 7.5% (26/348) in those without AKI (odds ratio [OR] 8.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.02, 16.39). The mortality rate was 35.7% (five of 14) in the eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with AKI group (OR 6.21, 95% CI 1.50, 25.69) and 41.2% (14/34) in the eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 with AKI group (OR 12.62, 95% CI 5.54, 28.74). Conclusions AKI development was common and associated with mortality in AMI patients with either preserved or impaired eGFR levels.
The Divine Couple's Relationship in a South Indian Temple: Mīnākṣī and Sundareśvara at Madurai

The Great Temple at Madurai (Tamilnadu), known as the Arulmiku ("grace-bestowing") Minaksi-Sundaresvara Tirukkoyil ("temple"), is dedicated to the goddess Miniksi and her husband, the god Sundaresvara.1 Sundaresvara is a form of the great Hindu god Siva, and Minaksi is a form of 8akti and Devi, the great goddess and consort of Siva. Like all South Indian Saiva temples, the Madurai Temple incorporates two separate temples for the god and goddess: Minaksi's temple (amman koyil) occupies the southern
Mechanics and dynamics of lysozyme immobilisation inside nanotubes

Lysozyme is an enzyme often used as an antibacterial agent in food industries and biochemical and pharmaceutical laboratories. Immobilisation of lysozyme by encapsulating in a nanotube has received much interest as it can enhance stability of the enzyme in ambient condition. Experimentally, various types of nanotubes have been proposed as a host for lysozyme. Here, we mathematically model the immobilisation process and the interaction between lysozyme and various types of nanotubes in order to compare the effectiveness of different nanotube materials. In this paper, we consider boron nitride, carbon, silicon, silicon carbide and titania nanotubes. For each type of nanotubes, we determine the critical radius that will maximise the interaction between the lysozyme molecule and the nanotube. Our results suggest that titania nanotube stands out as the most promising candidate for lysozyme storage and delivery. The model presented here can be extended to further investigate the interaction between different types of nanotube materials and protein structures for the development of effective molecular storage.
Analytical modelling of the magnetic field in axial flux permanent magnet machines with semi-closed slots at no load

This paper presents an analytical solution for prediction of the no-load magnetic field in slotted semi-closed permanent magnet axial flux synchronous machines. The technique is based on 2-D solution of the Maxwell's equations using the separation of variables method, this technique is validated for two different machines. The magnetic field expressions are developed in slots regions, magnetic airgap region, slot opening region and permanent magnet region leading to an exact calculation of the slot effects on the airgap magnetic quantities. Results from this analytical model are compared to corresponding finite element analyses (FEA).
Characterizing an ERP correlate of intentions understanding using a sequential comic strips paradigm

Chronometric properties of theory of mind and intentions understanding more specifically are well documented. Notably, it was demonstrated using magnetoencephalography that the brain regions involved were recruited as soon as 200 ms post-stimulus. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to characterize an electrophysiological marker of attribution of intentions. We also explored the robustness of this ERP signature under two conditions corresponding to either explicit instructions to focus on others’ intentions or implicit instructions with no reference to mental states. Two matched groups of 16 healthy volunteers each received either explicit or no instructions about intentions and performed a nonverbal attribution of intentions task based on sequential four-image comic strips depicting either intentional or physical causality. A bilateral posterior positive component, ranging from 250 to 650 ms post-stimulus, showed greater amplitude in intentional than in physical condition (the intention ERP effect). This effect occurs during the third image only, suggesting that it reflects the integration of information depicted in the third image to the contextual cues given by the first two. The intention effect was similar in the two groups of subjects. Overall, our results identify a clear ERP marker of the first hundreds of milliseconds of intentions processing probably related to a contextual integrative mechanism and suggest its robustness by showing its blindness to task demands manipulation.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on overall quality parameters of watermelon juice

High hydrostatic pressure as a kind of non-thermal processing might maintain the quality of thermo-sensitive watermelon juice. So, the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on enzymes and quality of watermelon juice was investigated. After high hydrostatic pressure treatment, the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and pectin methylesterase of juice decreased significantly with the pressure (P < 0.05). Inactivation of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase could be fitted by two-fraction model and that of pectin methylesterase could be described by first-order reaction model. Titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solid of juice did not change significantly (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in lycopene and total phenolics after high hydrostatic pressure treatment when compared to the control (P > 0.05). Cloudiness and viscosity increased with pressure (P < 0.05) but did not change significantly with treatment time (P > 0.05). a*- and b*-value both unchanged after high hydrostatic pressure treatment (P > 0.05) while L*-value increased but the values had no significant difference among treated juices. Browning degree after high hydrostatic pressure treatment decreased with increase in pressure and treatment time (P < 0.05). Through the comparison of total color difference values, high hydrostatic pressure had little effect on color of juice. The results of this study demonstrated the efficacy of high hydrostatic pressure in inactivating enzymes and maintaining the quality of watermelon juice.