Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Will “I” Versus “We” Perform? An Investigation of Future Outlooks and Self-Construals

Previous theory and research suggests that people generate predictions to prepare for an uncertain future, often basing predictions on task-relevant information like prior performance. Four studies test the hypothesis that preparation via prediction occurs more readily when interdependent (vs. independent) self-construals are salient. This hypothesis was supported when examining chronic tendencies to generate negative predictions (Study 1) and spontaneous predictions in response to task-relevant information (Studies 2, 3, and 4), as well as when self-construals were measured (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and primed (Study 3). Moreover, performance prediction occurs in conjunction with increases in task persistence, but only for individuals with interdependent self-construals. Individuals with independent self-construals tend toward preparation via prediction only when preparation is urgent. Discussion centers on the applicability of within-cultural differences in self-construal on cross-cultural investigations, and implications for future research on predictive judgments.
BioJS-HGV Viewer: Genetic Variation Visualizer

Motivation Studying the pattern of genetic variants is a primary step in deciphering the basis of biological diversity, identifying key ‘driver variants’ that affect disease states and evolution of a species. Catalogs of genetic variants contain vast numbers of variants and are growing at an exponential rate, but lack an interactive exploratory interface. Results We present BioJS-HGV Viewer, a BioJS component to represent and visualize genetic variants pooled from different sources. The tool displays sequences and variants at different levels of detail, facilitating representation of variant sites and annotations in a user friendly and interactive manner. Availability Source code for BioJS-HGV Viewer is available at: https://github.com/saketkc/biojs-genetic-variation-viewer A demo is available at: http://saketkc.github. io/biojs-genetic-variation-viewer Contact: martin@ebi.ac. uk
Incidence and demographic correlates of eating disorder symptoms in a pregnant population.

OBJECTIVE To obtain a picture of eating disorder symptoms in a population of pregnant women. METHOD Five hundred thirty women attending antenatal follow-up clinics at a large London district general hospital during a 4-week period were surveyed. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and a demographic questionnaire were administered. Unadjusted relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for a series of prognostic factors. RESULTS 4.9% of women scored above the recommended threshold on the EAT in pregnancy. Eating disorder symptomatology was found to be associated with younger age, previous symptomatology, lower educational attainment, poorer housing, employment status, and previous miscarriage. DISCUSSION The meaning and potential implications of high levels of eating disorder symptomatology in a pregnant population are discussed in the light of the physiological and psychological effects of eating disorders on both pregnancy outcome and infant development.
HSTS: Integrating Planning and Scheduling

Abstract : In the traditional approach to managing complex systems, planning and scheduling are two very distinct phases. However, in a wide variety of applications this strict separation is not possible or beneficial. During scheduling it is often necessary to make planning decisions (plan the setup of a machine); moreover planning decisions can benefit from scheduling information (choose a process plan depending on resource loads). HSTS (Heuristic Scheduling Testbed System) is a representation and problem solving framework that provides an integrated view of planning and scheduling. HSTS emphasizes the decomposition of a domain into state variables evolving over continuous time. This allows the description and manipulation of resources far more complex than it is possible in classical scheduling. The inclusion of time and resource capacity into the description of causal justifications allows a fine-grain integration of planning and scheduling and a better adaptation to problem and domain structure. HSTS puts special emphasis on leaving as much temporal flexibility as possible during the planning/scheduling process to generate better plan/schedules with less computation effort. Within the HSTS framework we have implemented several planning/scheduling systems. In the paper we describe an integrated planner and scheduler for short term scheduling of the Hubble Space Telescope. This system has demonstrated the ability to deal effectively with all of the important constraints of the domain. Experimental results show that executable schedules for Hubble can be built in a time compatible with operational needs. The paper also describes a methodology for job-shop scheduling problems. The methodology exploits the temporal flexibility provided by HSTS.
Recollections of a DNA enzymologist.

Like many of my generation, my life was profoundly influenced by World War 11. I was drafted into the army, at 18, in the summer of 1943, within two months of my high school graduation. I served in the infantry in France and Germany, a wrenching experience that only those who have faced enemy fire in ground combat can really comprehend. It left a deep impression which I carry with me to this day. But World War I1 was also responsible for my becoming a scientist. The GI Bill of Rights, an inspired federal program, permitted me, like millions of other returning veterans, to attend college. It paid my full tuition and even provided a $50 per month stipend. I majored in chemistry at Johns Hopkins with the ambition of becoming an industrial chemist. I thoroughly enjoyed organic chemistry and I was good at it. However, in my senior year I took a biology course given by Bill McElroy who was the Director of the newly formed McCollum-Pratt Institute. The main emphasis was on biochemistry and, in particular, intermediary metabolism. I found it tremendously exciting. It was precisely the kind of chemistry that I wanted to do. The war years were still very much with me and I was unwilling to leave my family in Baltimore, so I decided to remain at Johns Hopkins for graduate work. My doctoral thesis advisor was Roger Herriott, a protein chemist who, before coming to Hopkins, had been associated with John Northrop and Moses Kunitz, two eminent protein chemists at the Rockefeller Institute. He had turned from protein chemistry to bacteriophages, a field which, having
Clustering Concept Hierarchies from Text

We present a novel approach to learning taxonomies or concept hierarchies from text. The approach is based on Formal Concept Analysis, a method mainly used for the analysis of data, i.e. for investigating and processing explicitly given information. Our approach is based on the distributional hypothesis, i.e. that nouns or terms are similar to the extent to which they share contexts. Further, we assume that verbs pose more or less strong selectional restrictions on their arguments. The concept hierarchy is built via Formal Concept Analysis using syntactic dependencies as attributes. The approach is evaluated by comparing the produced concept hierarchies against two handcrafted taxonomies from two different domains: tourism and finance. We compare the results of our approach against a hierarchical bottom-up clustering algorithm as well as against Bi-Section-Kmeans as an instance of a top-down clustering algorithm.
Decision Making with Side Information and Unbounded Loss Functions

We consider the problem of decision-making with side information and unbounded loss functions. Inspired by probably approximately correct learning model, we use a slightly different model that incorporates the notion of side information in a more generic form to make it applicable to a broader class of applications including parameter estimation and system identification. We address sufficient conditions for consistent decision-making with exponential convergence behavior. In this regard, besides a certain condition on the growth function of the class of loss functions, it suffices that the class of loss functions be dominated by a measurable function whose exponential Orlicz expectation is uniformly bounded over the probabilistic model. Decay exponent, decay constant, and sample complexity are discussed. Example applications to method of moments, maximum likelihood estimation, and system identification are illustrated, as well.
Performance Evaluation a Teaching Hospital Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences Based on Baldrige Excellence Model

Problem statement: Today, organizations are willing to achieve quality as a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, their performance evaluation and quality improvement is essential. One of the international models in this field is Baldrige health care model. Approach: The study aimed to evaluate Performance Evaluation a teaching Hospital Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences Based on Baldrige Excellence Model. Performance was evaluated by two types Baldrige questionnaire (i.e., process and result criteria). Six process criteria (Leadership; Strategic Planning; Focus on Patients, Other Customers and Markets; Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management; Workforce Focus; and Process Management) with 12 sub-criteria, were evaluated based on four factors of Approach, Deployment, Learning and Integration. Results criteria with six sub- criteria were evaluated based on four factors of performance level, rate and breath of performance improvement, comparative and benchmark data and relevance of evaluation result scales. Results: The teaching hospital obtained 145/21 scores (26/40 percent) out of a total of 550 points in process criteria and 90/37 scores (20/08 percent) out of a total of 450 points in result criteria. Studied hospital obtained the highest score in Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management 28/1 scores (31/22 percent). In Sum, the hospital obtained 235/58 scores (23/55 percent) out of 1000 points. Conclusion: Scores obtained by hospital showed the first level of excellence. The outcome of this study clearly indicates that Baldrige model criteria act as a powerful tool to analyze the quality performance of the hospitals. The researchers attempted to create a common language and a roadmap in order to follow the path of excellence in health care organizations in Iran.
Asymmetric transmission of transverse magnetic or radially polarized THZ waves through sub-wavelength gratings

We have developed a metallic double circular grating with sub-wavelength slits which blocks radially polarized light incident from one of its sides and acts as a focusing diffractive element in the other direction. The proposed grating has been optimized for the sub-THz frequency range. Unidirectional transmission through the grating has been demonstrated experimentally at 0.1 THz. We have also developed a planar metallic double grating with sub-wavelength slits which blocks light with a transverse magnetic polarization incident from one of the grating sides and transmits radiation incident from the opposite direction into the +1 and -1 diffraction orders. These gratings which could be used as unidirectional couplers consist of optically linear materials and their operation respects the Lorentz reciprocity theorem.
Antidiarrheal activity, chemical and toxicity profile of Berberis aristata

Context: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antidiarrheal activity, oral acute toxicological profile, and developed a chemical fingerprint of Berberis aristata Linn. (Berberidaceae). Materials and methods: The ethanol (by maceration) and aqueous (by Soxhlet) extracts of Berberis aristata bark were used for the study. The study involved the antimicrobial (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by micro dilution) and antidiarrheal (castor oil induced diarrhea, charcoal motility) tests. The active principle, berberine was characterized by different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Results: The MIC and MBC (of both extracts) against all strains of Shigella were recorded between 125 to 500 µg/mL and 300 to 600 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC values of berberine are almost comparable to standard ciprofloxacin. UV and IR spectroscopy along with HPTLC and HPLC studies showed presence of berberine in the extracts. The onset of castor oil induced diarrhea was delayed and number of diarrheal episodes was reduced by both the extracts in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, the length of intestine traveled by the feed was also significantly reduced in the charcoal motility test by both the extracts. LD50 of >5000 mg/kg body weight was observed for both extracts in the acute oral toxicity studies with Swiss albino mice. Conclusion: The results validate in vivo and in vitro antidiarrheal activity of Berberis aristata extracts and provide its chemical fingerprint.
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome-related symptoms and their relation to airflow limitation in an elderly population receiving home care

Background Both airflow limitation and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)-related symptoms are most prevalent in the elderly population. Previous studies revealed significant associations between OSAHS-related symptoms and obstructive airway diseases in the general population. However, other studies showed that the frequency of OSAHS-related symptoms in patients with obstructive airway diseases decreases after the age of 60 and older. Aims To investigate the prevalence of OSAHS-related symptoms (snoring, breathing pauses, and excessive daytime sleepiness [EDS]) and their relations to airflow limitation, for people over 65 years old. Methods A full screening spirometry program was performed in a total of 490 aging participants (mean age 77.5 years – range 65–98) who were attending 16 home care settings in central Greece. Airflow limitation was assessed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometric criteria (FEV1/FVC <70%). The Berlin Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to screen individuals for OSAHS-related symptoms. Bivariate associations were described using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Airflow limitation prevalence was 17.1% (male 24.2% and female 9.9%) and was strongly related to male gender and smoking status. The prevalence rates of frequent snoring, breathing pauses, and EDS were 28.1%, 12.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. However, participants with airflow limitation were less likely to report breathing pauses, frequent snoring, EDS, and obesity. Finally, frequent snoring was significantly more common in males than females. Conclusion This study revealed decreased frequency of OSAHS-related symptoms in participants with airflow limitation suggesting that OSAHS-related symptoms and airflow limitation are not related in our elderly population.
Superior rechargeability and efficiency of lithium-oxygen batteries: hierarchical air electrode architecture combined with a soluble catalyst.

The lithium-oxygen battery has the potential to deliver extremely high energy densities; however, the practical use of Li-O2 batteries has been restricted because of their poor cyclability and low energy efficiency. In this work, we report a novel Li-O2 battery with high reversibility and good energy efficiency using a soluble catalyst combined with a hierarchical nanoporous air electrode. Through the porous three-dimensional network of the air electrode, not only lithium ions and oxygen but also soluble catalysts can be rapidly transported, enabling ultra-efficient electrode reactions and significantly enhanced catalytic activity. The novel Li-O2 battery, combining an ideal air electrode and a soluble catalyst, can deliver a high reversible capacity (1000 mAh g(-1) ) up to 900 cycles with reduced polarization (about 0.25 V).
Further support for consistent self-monitoring as a vital component of successful weight control.

OBJECTIVE This study attempted to replicate that of Baker and Kirschenbaum by providing a descriptive analysis of the relationship between self-monitoring and weight control. PROCEDURES Fifty-nine women and men in long-term cognitive-behavioral treatment for obesity participated over an 8-week period. Percentages of participants who self-monitored consistently and the relationship between the variability in self-monitoring and weight change were examined. RESULTS As in the previous study, a substantial minority of the participants in this research (26.3%) self-monitored all foods eaten on less than half of the days evaluated. The assertion of Baker and Kirschenbaum that self-monitoring is most appropriately viewed as both a state and a trait was supported by finding that the most consistent self-monitors lost more weight than the least consistent self-monitors; however, regardless of overall self-monitoring consistency, participants lost much more weight during their two most consistent weeks compared with their two least consistent weeks. Again, as in the previous study, only the more consistent quartile of self-monitors lost a substantial amount during the course of this study. DISCUSSION The results of both studies taken together suggests that a reasonable target for consistency for self-monitoring within the context of a professional cognitive-behavioral treatment program may be self-monitoring all foods eaten on at least 75% of the days. If participants generally self-monitor on less than half of the days during participation in such programs, they may be very unlikely to succeed at weight loss both during the program and afterward.
Geometric Crossover for Permutations with Repetitions: Application to Graph Partitioning

Geometric crossover is a representation-independent generalization of the traditional crossover de(cid:12)ned using the distance of the solution space. By choosing a distance (cid:12)rmly rooted in the syntax of the solution representation as basis for geometric crossover, one can design new crossovers for any representation. In previous work we have applied geometric crossover to simple permutations. In this paper we design a new geometric crossover for permutations with repetitions that naturally suits partition problems and test it on the graph partitioning problem. Our new crossover outperforms all previous ones.
Prediction of total body water in infants and children

Background: In paediatric clinical practice treatment is often adjusted in relation to body size, for example the calculation of pharmacological and dialysis dosages. In addition to use of body weight, for some purposes total body water (TBW) and surface area are estimated from anthropometry using equations developed several decades previously. Whether such equations remain valid in contemporary populations is not known. Methods: Total body water was measured using deuterium dilution in 672 subjects (265 infants aged <1 year; 407 children and adolescents aged 1–19 years) during the period 1990–2003. TBW was predicted (a) using published equations, and (b) directly from data on age, sex, weight, and height. Results: Previously published equations, based on data obtained before 1970, significantly overestimated TBW, with average biases ranging from 4% to 11%. For all equations, the overestimation of TBW was greatest in infancy. New equations were generated. The best equation, incorporating log weight, log height, age, and sex, had a standard error of the estimate of 7.8%. Conclusions: Secular trends in the nutritional status of infants and children are altering the relation between age or weight and TBW. Equations developed in previous decades significantly overestimate TBW in all age groups, especially infancy; however, the relation between TBW and weight may continue to change. This scenario is predicted to apply more generally to many aspects of paediatric clinical practice in which dosages are calculated on the basis of anthropometric data collected in previous decades.
Image Retrieval Using Maximum Frequency of Local Histogram Based Color Correlogram

Color histogram is widely used for image indexing in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). A color histogram describes the global color distribution of an image. It is very easy to compute and is insensitive to small changes in viewing positions. However, the histogram is not robust to large appearance changes. Moreover, the histogram might give similar results for different kinds of images if the distributions of colors are same in the images. On the other hand, color correlogram is efficiently used for image indexing in content-based image retrieval. Color correlogram extracts not only the color distribution of pixels in images like color histogram, but also extracts the spatial information of pixels in the images. The characteristic of the color Correlogram to take into account the spatial information as well as the distribution of color pixels greatly attracts the researcher for content based image retrieval. In this paper, we propose the image bin (histogram value divisions) separation technique followed by extracting maxima of frequencies and plotting a correlogram. At first, the histogram is first calculated for an image. After that, it is subdivided into four equal bins. Each bin is subdivided into four more bins and for every such subdivision the maxima of frequencies s calculated. This information is stored in the form of a correlogram. The distance between correlogram of the query image with the corresponding correlogram of database images is calculated. The proposed algorithm is tested on a database comprising a large number of images.
Delay Analysis of Wireless Broadcasting Retransmission Algorithm Based on Network Coding

Retransmission is the basic method to improve network reliability. Since the broadcasting character and unreliability of wireless links, we could apply the network coding to broadcast retransmission algorithm to improve the efficiency of retransmission. This article does a quantitative analysis for the performance of the wireless broadcast algorithm based on network coding from the delay perspective. Using queue theory to calculate the delay of M/G/1 model, with the input could be saw as Poisson stream and the output as a general process. The simulation results show that the delay calculated through analysis is consistent with the simulation results.
The Differential Effect of Applicants' Self-Versus Other-Referenced Anxiety on Test Performance

This study investigated to what extent the cognitive worries of anxious persons impair test performance in both an educational and a personnel selection context. A distinction was made between two types of cognitive anxiety, namely Self-Referenced Anxiety, where oneself is held as the critical evaluator of one’s performance, and Other-Referenced Anxiety, where a significant other is held as the critical evaluator of one’s performance. A differential relationship of both types of worries with test performance was suggested. In both studies (n = 176 undergraduates and n = 1459 applicants), a negative relationship with test performance was found for Other-Referenced Anxiety and no relationship was found for Self-Referenced Anxiety. In an attempt to clarify these differential relations with test performance, the mediating effects of identified and external behavioral regulation, respectively on the relationships between SRA and test performance and ORA and test performance were put forward but could not be confirmed. The scientific and practical relevance of these findings were discussed.