Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The morphology of Marinesco bodies (paranucleolar corpuscles) in the melanin-pigmented nuclei of the brain-stem

In 1902 Marinesco described the presence of spherical acidophilic bodies in the nucleoplasm of the cells of the human nucleus substantia nigra and the nucleus locus caeruleus. He wrote: 'The number of these corpuscles vary from one to six, and generally there are one, two or often three. When they are numerous we find them heaped in groups in the nuclear sap, and the position they occupy with regard to the nucleolus is equally variable. Sometimes they are situated in the neighbourhood of the latter, sometimes they are set aside and can even reside at the two poles of the nucleus. As to their relative sizes, they are seldom larger than the nucleolus, sometimes they can be nearly equal, but generally they are smaller than the latter, especially when they are numerous. The diameter of these paranucleolar corpuscles can reach 7,u'. 'The size of these corpuscles does not appear to be related with age, for the biggest diameter which we found was in a 30-year-old man. Generally speaking, they are more numerous in adults and old people than young persons. In the latter, in fact, they are rarely found and are absent in children. ' Marinesco elaborated further on the staining properties of these paranucleolar corpuscles in 1909. Remarkably little attention has been paid to them, at least in the British literature, since that time. Greenfield (1958) and Lipkin (1959) refer briefly to them, and Wolf and Orton (1932) have described similar intranuclear inclusions in unpigmented cells of the central nervous system in diverse disease states. This paucity of interest is all the more surprising in view of the widespread interest in cytoplasmic inclusions in the cells of the substantia nigra and locus caeruleus in paralysis agitans and other extrapyramidal syndromes. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency with which Marinesco bodies could be found and whether their presence could be correlated with specific or general types of disease or with the age of the patient. We also sought to determine further the histochemical properties of the inclusions and any relationship which the inclusions might have to melanin pigmentation.
Braudel's grammar of civilizations

I. A History of Civilizations. By Fernand Braudel (New York: Penguin Books, 1995), xl + 573 pp. II. Ecrits sur l'histoire II. By Fernand Braudel (Paris: Flammarion, 1994), 270 pp.
Spiritual Struggles, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Outcomes in Urban Adolescents with Asthma

This chapter examines whether spiritual struggles were uniquely associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health outcomes, after accounting for negative secular coping, and whether changes in spiritual struggles over time were associated with changes in these psychosocial outcomes among urban adolescents with asthma. Adolescents (N = 151 at Time-1; N = 132 at Time-2) completed multiple self-report measures. Descriptive statistics, difference scores, and hierarchical multiple regressions were calculated. Results indicated that more spiritual struggles were associated with greater depressive and anxiety symptoms and worse psychosocial HRQoL at baseline; changes in spiritual struggles were significantly associated with changes in depressive symptoms longitudinally; and spiritual struggles significantly accounted for 4–9% of the unique variance in these outcomes. Findings suggested screening for spiritual struggles when caring for these adolescents. Keywords:anxiety; asthma; depressive symptoms; health-related quality of life (HRQoL); mental health outcomes; secular coping; spiritual struggles; urban adolescents
Effectiveness of the antagonist/letrozole protocol for treating poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract In view of the conflicting data regarding the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist/letrozole (A/L) protocol for treating poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of the A/L protocol and the microdose GnRH agonist flare up (MF) protocol for such treatment. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for studies comparing the A/L and MF protocols for treating poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI. We retrieved reports of three trials with data for 688 cycles in women. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly decreased with the A/L compared with MF protocol (RR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57–0.86; p = 0.001), the duration of gonadotrophin stimulation was lower with the A/L than MF protocol (MD −1.25; 95% CI: −2.37 to −0.12; p = 0.03). Moreover, there was no significant difference in cycle cancellation rate, number of oocytes retrieved, and the total dose of gonadotrophin between the two protocols. In conclusions, the clinical pregnancy rate may be lower with the A/L than MF protocol for treating poor responsers undergoing IVF/ICSI, but large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the A/L protocol.
A Lon-Like Protease with No ATP-Powered Unfolding Activity

Lon proteases are a family of ATP-dependent proteases involved in protein quality control, with a unique proteolytic domain and an AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) module accommodated within a single polypeptide chain. They were classified into two types as either the ubiquitous soluble LonA or membrane-inserted archaeal LonB. In addition to the energy-dependent forms, a number of medically and ecologically important groups of bacteria encode a third type of Lon-like proteins in which the conserved proteolytic domain is fused to a large N-terminal fragment lacking canonical AAA+ motifs. Here we showed that these Lon-like proteases formed a clade distinct from LonA and LonB. Characterization of one such Lon-like protease from Meiothermus taiwanensis indicated that it formed a hexameric assembly with a hollow chamber similar to LonA/B. The enzyme was devoid of ATPase activity but retained an ability to bind symmetrically six nucleotides per hexamer; accordingly, structure-based alignment suggested possible existence of a non-functional AAA-like domain. The enzyme degraded unstructured or unfolded protein and peptide substrates, but not well-folded proteins, in ATP-independent manner. These results highlight a new type of Lon proteases that may be involved in breakdown of excessive damage or unfolded proteins during stress conditions without consumption of energy.
Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Abundance by a Liver-Specific MicroRNA

MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is specifically expressed and highly abundant in the human liver. We show that the sequestration of miR-122 in liver cells results in marked loss of autonomously replicating hepatitis C viral RNAs. A genetic interaction between miR-122 and the 5′ noncoding region of the viral genome was revealed by mutational analyses of the predicted microRNA binding site and ectopic expression of miR-122 molecules containing compensatory mutations. Studies with replication-defective RNAs suggested that miR-122 did not detectably affect mRNA translation or RNA stability. Therefore, miR-122 is likely to facilitate replication of the viral RNA, suggesting that miR-122 may present a target for antiviral intervention.
Temperature-Dependent Near-Infrared Spectra of Bovine Serum Albumin in Aqueous Solutions: Spectral Analysis by Principal Component Analysis and Evolving Factor Analysis

Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectra have been measured for bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an aqueous solution (pH 6.8) with a concentration of 5.0 wt % over a temperature range of 45–85 °C. Not only conventional spectral analysis methods, such as second-derivative spectra and difference spectra, but also chemometrics, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and evolving factor analysis (EFA), have been employed to analyze the temperature-dependent NIR spectra in the 7500–5500 and 4900–4200 cm−1 regions of the BSA aqueous solution. Intensity changes of bands in the 7200–6600 cm−1 and 4650–4500 cm−1 regions in the difference spectra indicate variations of the hydration and secondary structure of BSA in the aqueous solution, respectively. The plot of a band intensity at 7080 cm−1 in the different spectra shows a clear turning point at 63 °C, revealing that a significant change in the hydration occurs at about 63 °C. The forward and backward eigenvalues (EVs) from EFA suggest that marked changes in the hydration and secondary structure of BSA take place in the temperature ranges of 61–65 °C and 59–63 °C, respectively. In addition, the temperature of 71 °C marked in the EFA plots may correspond to the onset temperature of increase in the intermolecular β-sheet structure.
Composite nanoparticles for defectivity reduction during CMP

The synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles comprising a polymer core and a silica shell, with and without a silane-coupling agent between the core and the shell, is presented in this paper. The first step in the nanoparticle synthesis is a “surfactant free” radical suspension polymerization in water of monomeric units of methylmethacrylate in the presence of methoxypolyethilene glycol methacrylate, as a comonomer, and 4-vynilpyridine. Vynilpyridine provides electrostatic stabilization in the form of functional basic amino groups located at the polymer surface, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. In the second step of the procedure, the Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) spheres were mixed with silica spheres. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements were used to correlate particle size to pH or ionic strength, while Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) measurements revealed the dependency of the zeta potential on pH or ionic strength (I). Since the interaction between the abrasives and the wafer surface in the CMP process is expected to be dependent also on the particle morphology and structure of the polymer core, N2 adsorption isotherms on PMMA were taken to evaluate porosity and total surface area using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method.
Subject variability of shoulder abduction strength testing

To quantify normal biological variability of shoulder abduction strength testing with an isokinetic and a hand-held dynamometer, we tested nine healthy sub jects over a clinically relevant period. One side was tested with a Cybex at 60 deg/sec and the other with a hand-held dynamometer. Six maximal trials, following warmup, were conducted on each of 5 days, separated by 1 to 2 weeks. Intraday correlations of individual trials ranged from 0.82 to 0.995 for hand-held dynamometer, and 0.88 to 0.996 for Cybex. Interday correlations ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 for hand-held dynamometer, and 0.88 to 0.97 for Cybex. The best values to use for Cybex interday variability were the average of the first three repetitions, and yielded standard errors of 8.6% to 19.2% of the sample mean. The average of the last three repetitions were the best for hand-held dynamom eters, and yielded standard errors of 5.5% to 10.8%. There was a significant decline (P < 0.05) in strength of the mean of the last three versus the mean of the first three daily repetitions on Day 1 and 4 for hand- held dynamometers, and a trend toward this on the other days, that was not seen with Cybex. Regression of average Day 1 values for Cybex and hand-held dynamometer yielded r = 0.86 (P < 0.01) with a slope of 1.07 indicating good agreement between modalities. In conclusion, intraday/interday correlations were high for Cybex and hand-held dynamometer. Interday vari ability was minimized by using the mean score of the first three and last three repetitions for Cybex and hand- held dynamometer, respectively. Changes in Cybex and hand-held dynamometer strength of less than 19% and 11 %, respectively, are within the area of "measurement error" and should therefore not be considered clinically significant.
Failure to Rescue Measure: Validation of Community- and Hospital-Acquired Complications

The inclusion of the failure to rescue (FTR) measure as one of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Inpatient Prospective Payment System measures has raised questions about the characteristics of FTR cases and their outcomes. In this study, we validated 75% of the identified FTR complications using medical record review (n = 461). Nearly half (49.5%) of the complications originated in the community and were present on admission. Acute renal failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and sepsis most often originated in the community. Cardiac arrest/shock, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis most often developed in the hospitals. These findings have important implications for practice as clinical leadership focuses on the prevention and aggressive management of complications to prevent death, increased length of stay, and possible reductions in Medicare diagnosis related groups' reimbursements.
Significant impact of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Parents and health professionals believe that recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) have a large impact on children with Down syndrome (DS). We studied the relation between parent-reported RRTI and development, behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 8-year-old children with DS. METHOD During a 3-year period, 325 children with DS were recruited for inclusion in this observational study. Parents were asked to fill in the Child Behavior Checklist and TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life Parent Form. A psychological assistant administrated the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The children were divided into a group with presence of RRTI (RRTI (+) ) and a group without RRTI (RRTI (-) ), on the basis of parental report. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of RRTI, while correcting for the influence of confounders. RESULTS Compared with RRTI (-) children (n = 176), RRTI (+) children (n = 149, 46%) showed decreased mental and motor development (mean developmental age 3.67 vs. 4.08 years), more behavioural problems and lower scores on most HRQoL scales (P < 0.05). Moreover, school enrolment is less favourable in RRTI (+) children. CONCLUSION In 8-year-olds with DS, the children with parent-reported RRTI show more delayed development, more behavioural problems and lower HRQoL compared with the children without RRTI. Although this association does not prove a causal relationship, further studies should focus on this, because RRTI are potentially preventable.
A 32Gb/s On-chip Bus with Driver Pre-emphasis Signaling

A 16-bit on-chip bus with driver pre-emphasis fabricated in 0.25mum CMOS technology attains an aggregate signaling data rate of 32Gb/s over 5-10mm long lossy interconnects while reducing delay latency by 28.3%, power by 15.0%, and peak current by 70% over a conventional single-ended voltage-mode static bus. The proposed bus is robust against crosstalk noise and occupies comparable routing area to a reference static bus design
Parameter Estimation of Statistical Models Using Convex Optimization

Discriminative learning methods have achieved many successes in speech and language processing during the past decades. Discriminative learning of generative models is a typical optimization problem, where efficient optimization methods play a critical role. For many widely used statistical models, discriminative learning normally leads to nonconvex optimization problems. In this article we used three representative examples to showcase how to use a proper convex relaxation method to convert discriminative learning of HMMs and MMMs into standard convex optimization problem so that it can be solved effectively and efficiently even for large-scale statistical models. We believe convex optimization will continue to play important role in discriminative learning of other statistical models in other application domains, such as statistical machine translation, computer vision, biometrics, and informatics.
Nucleotide sequence of classical swine fever virus strain Alfort/187 and transcription of infectious RNA from stably cloned full-length cDNA

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Alfort/187 was determined from three cDNA libraries constructed by cloning of DNA fragments obtained from independent sets of reverse transcription and PCR. The cDNA fragments were then assembled and inserted downstream of a T7 promoter in a P15A-derived plasmid vector to obtain the full-length cDNA clone pA187-1. The first nucleotide of the CSFV genome was positioned at the transcription start site of the T7 promoter. Cleavage at an SrfI restriction site introduced at the exact 3' end of the cloned viral cDNA allowed the in vitro synthesis of full-length viral RNA by runoff transcription. This RNA proved to be infectious after transfection into porcine kidney cells. Infectivity was not increased after capping of the synthetic RNA. Virus recovered from transfected cells was titrated in porcine kidney cells by endpoint dilution using indirect immunofluorescence and a CSFV-specific monoclonal antibody. RNA transcripts generated from plasmid DNA isolated from bacteria which had been cultured and cloned 10 times remained infectious, indicating that the full-length clone is stable in bacterial cells. A silent point mutation introduced at position 11842 of the genome was retained in the recombinant virus recovered from transfected cells. An infectious chimeric construct was obtained by replacing a 696-bp fragment in pA187-1 with the corresponding cDNA fragment from the CSFV strain CAP. The stably cloned full-length CSFV cDNA allows site-specific mutagenesis of the viral genome and thus will be useful for detailed molecular characterization of the virus as well as for studies of viral pathogenesis.
Identity of myelinated cutaneous sensory neurons projecting to nocireceptive laminae following nerve injury in adult mice

It is widely thought that, after peripheral injury, some low‐threshold mechanoreceptive (LTMR) afferents “sprout” into pain‐specific laminae (I–II) of the dorsal horn and are responsible for chronic pain states such as mechanical allodynia. Although recent studies have questioned this hypothesis, they fail to account for a series of compelling results from single‐fiber analyses showing extensive projections from large‐diameter myelinated afferents into nocireceptive layers after nerve injury. Here we show that, in the thoracic spinal cord of naïve adult mouse, all myelinated nociceptors gave rise to terminal projections throughout the superficial dorsal horn laminae (I–II). Most (70%) of these fibers had large‐diameter axons with recurving flame‐shaped central arbors that projected throughout the dorsal horn laminae I–V. This morphology was reminiscent of that attributed to sprouted LTMRs described in previous studies. After peripheral nerve axotomy, we found that LTMR afferents with narrow, uninflected somal action potentials did not sprout into superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Only myelinated noiceptive afferents with broad, inflected somal action potentials were found to give rise to recurving collaterals and project into superficial “pain‐specific” laminae after axotomy. We conclude that the previously undocumented central morphology of large, myelinated cutaneous nociceptors may very well account for the morphological findings previously thought to require sprouting of LTMRs. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:500–509, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete genome sequence of Kangiella koreensis type strain (SW-125T)

Kangiella koreensis (Yoon et al. 2004) is the type species of the genus and is of phylogenetic interest because of the very isolated location of the genus Kangiella in the gammaproteobacterial order Oceanospirillales. K. koreensis SW-125T is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediments at Daepo Beach, Yellow Sea, Korea. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. This is the first completed genome sequence from the genus Kangiella and only the fourth genome from the order Oceanospirillales. This 2,852,073 bp long single replicon genome with its 2647 protein-coding and 48 RNA genes is part of the GenomicEncyclopedia ofBacteria andArchaea project.
A Research on the Text Reliability Based on Evidentiality

In this paper, we focus on the reliability of information encoded in a Web 2.0 community platform. Specifically, we aim to explore how linguistically encoded clues can contribute to the task. Given that evidentiality is the linguistic representation for the reliability of a statement, we propose to use evidential, the lexicalized evidentiality, to model text representation under the framework of machine learning based text classification. Based on the model, we conducted experiments to identify the best answers in Collaborative Question Answering (CQA) services. The experimental results confirm that, incorporating evidential for predicting text reliability is effective, since it shows the writer's self-judgment for information reliability. Moreover, our method can largely reduce the dimensionality of the vector space, and therefore provide an improvement in efficiency.
Functional Materials Based on Self-Assembly of Polymeric Supramolecules

Self-assembly of polymeric supramolecules is a powerful tool for producing functional materials that combine several properties and may respond to external conditions. We illustrate the concept using a comb-shaped architecture. Examples include the hexagonal self-organization of conjugated conducting polymers and the polarized luminance in solid-state films of rodlike polymers obtained by removing the hydrogen-bonded side chains from the aligned thermotropic smectic phase. Hierarchically structured materials obtained by applying different self-organization and recognition principles and directed assembly form a basis for tunable nanoporous materials, smart membranes, preparation of nano-objects, and anisotropic properties, such as proton conductivity.
Acute aortocaval fistula: role of low perfusion pressure and subendocardial remodeling on left ventricular function

The experimental model of aortocaval fistula is a useful model of cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload. In the present study it has been used to investigate the pathologic subendocardial remodeling associated with the development of heart failure during the early phases (day 1, 3, and 7) following volume overload. Compared with sham treated rats, aortocaval fistula rats showed lower systemic blood pressure and higher left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure This resulted in lower coronary driving pressure and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Signs of myocyte necrosis, leukocyte cell infiltration, fibroplasia and collagen deposition appeared sequentially in the subendocardium where remodeling was more prominent than in the non‐subendocardium. Accordingly, increased levels of TNF‐alpha, IL‐1 beta, and IL‐6, and enhanced MMP‐2 activity were all found in the subendocardium of rats with coronary driving pressure ≤60 mmHg. The coronary driving pressure was inversely correlated with MMP‐2 activity in subendocardium in all time‐points studied, and blood flow in this region showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic function at day 7. Thus the predominant subendocardial remodeling that occurs in response to low myocardial perfusion pressure during the acute phases of aortocaval fistula contributes to early left ventricular dysfunction.