Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation Statistics of Spectrally Varying Quantized Noise

I calculate the noise in the measured correlation functions and spectra of digitized, noiselike signals. In the spectral domain, the signals are drawn from a Gaussian distribution with variance that depends on frequency. Nearly all astrophysical signals have noiselike statistics of this type, many with important spectral variations. Observation and analysis of such signals at millimeter and longer wavelengths typically involves sampling in the time domain and digitizing the sampled signal. (Quantum mechanical effects, not discussed here, are important at infrared and shorter wavelengths.) The digitized noise is then correlated to form a measured correlation function, which is then Fourier transformed to produce a measured spectrum. When averaged over many samples, the elements of the correlation function and of the spectrum follow Gaussian distributions. For each element, the mean of that distribution is the deterministic part of the measurement. The standard deviation of the Gaussian is the noise. Here I calculate that noise as a function of the parameters of digitization. The noise of the correlation function is related to the underlying spectrum by constants that depend on the digitization parameters. Noise affects variances of elements of the correlation function and covariances between them. In the spectral domain, noise also produces variances and covariances. I show that noise is correlated between spectral channels for digitized spectra and calculate the correlation. These statistics of noise are important for the understanding of signals sampled with very high signal‐to‐noise ratio, or signals with rapidly changing levels such as pulsars.
10 Years after Tufte's "Cognitive Style of PowerPoint": Synthesizing its Constraining Qualities

PowerPoint is a tool that is very often used in organization to visualize knowledge. It is seemingly simple but a complex tool which is not 'neutral' but has enabling and constraining qualities. Despite its pervasiveness, research on PowerPoint is scarce, fragmented and often polemic. Given its omnipresence and importance, a more appropriate understanding of the tool is needed. This paper aims to contribute toward this goal by conducting a literature review on the constraining qualities of PowerPoint in a systematic manner. The results are synthesized into 12 constraining qualities and classified into two levels: the tool itself and the enactment of the tool in the performance. Through the synthesis and description of the constraining qualities and their negative effects, this paper aims to provide guidance to practitioners for the preparation, performance and reception of PowerPoint presentations, with the ultimate goal to select and use this presentation tool more consciously, or to select other tools for knowledge visualization.
The relationship between congruent dimensions of the self and nostalgia

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of agentic and communal traitnarrative congruence on nostalgia and to replicate previous research showing that self-esteem and positive affect are mediators of the relationship between nostalgia and optimism (Cheung et al., 2013). In Study 1, participants completed ratings of agentic and communal traits and were asked to write about a positive previous life event and complete measures assessing nostalgia, self-esteem, optimism, and positive affect. It was predicted that the degree to which individuals rated themselves on agentic traits would influence nostalgia after writing an achievementfocused narrative. It was also predicted that the degree to which individuals rated themselves on communal traits would influence nostalgia after writing a relationship-focused narrative. The hypothesis was not supported; writing a relationship-focused narrative was significantly related to greater nostalgia regardless of trait ratings. In Study 2, all predictions and measures remained the same, however, narrative focus was manipulated. Participants were randomly assigned to write about a previous life event focused on an achievement or focused on a relationship. The hypothesis was partially supported; communal trait-narrative congruence was a significant predictor of nostalgia, however agentic trait-narrative congruence was not. Both Study 1 and Study 2 found that self-esteem and positive affect mediated the relationship between nostalgia
Dual-specificity splice sites function alternatively as 5′ and 3′ splice sites

As a result of large-scale sequencing projects and recent splicing-microarray studies, estimates of mammalian genes expressing multiple transcripts continue to increase. This expansion of transcript information makes it possible to better characterize alternative splicing events and gain insights into splicing mechanisms and regulation. Here, we describe a class of splice sites that we call dual-specificity splice sites, which we identified through genome-wide, high-quality alignment of mRNA/EST and genome sequences and experimentally verified by RT-PCR. These splice sites can be alternatively recognized as either 5′ or 3′ splice sites, and the dual splicing is conceptually similar to a pair of mutually exclusive exons separated by a zero-length intron. The dual-splice-site sequences are essentially a composite of canonical 5′ and 3′ splice-site consensus sequences, with a CAG|GURAG core. The relative use of a dual site as a 5′ or 3′ splice site can be accurately predicted by assuming competition for specific binding between spliceosomal components involved in recognition of 5′ and 3′ splice sites, respectively. Dual-specificity splice sites exist in human and mouse, and possibly in other vertebrate species, although most sites are not conserved, suggesting that their origin is recent. We discuss the implications of this unusual splicing pattern for the diverse mechanisms of exon recognition and for gene evolution.
Cohort profile: the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Purpose Ethnic minority groups usually have a more unfavourable disease risk profile than the host population. In Europe, ethnic inequalities in health have been observed in relatively small studies, with limited possibilities to explore underlying causes. The aim of the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study is to investigate the causes of (the unequal burden of) diseases across ethnic groups, focusing on three disease categories: cardiovascular diseases, mental health and infectious diseases. Participants The HELIUS study is a prospective cohort study among six large ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Between 2011 and 2015, a total 24 789 participants (aged 18–70 years) were included at baseline. Similar-sized samples of individuals of Dutch, African Surinamese, South-Asian Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin were included. Participants filled in an extensive questionnaire and underwent a physical examination that included the collection of biological samples (biobank). Findings to date Data on physical, behavioural, psychosocial and biological risk factors, and also ethnicity-specific characteristics (eg, culture, migration history, ethnic identity, socioeconomic factors and discrimination) were collected, as were measures of health outcomes (cardiovascular, mental health and infections). The first results have confirmed large inequalities in health between ethnic groups, such as diabetes and depressive symptoms, and also early markers of disease such as arterial wave reflection and chronic kidney disease, which can only just partially be explained by inequalities in traditional risk factors, such as obesity and socioeconomic status. In addition, the first results provided important clues for targeting prevention and healthcare. Future plans HELIUS will be used for further research on the underlying causes of ethnic differences in health. Follow-up data will be obtained by repeated measurements and by linkages with existing registries (eg, hospital data, pharmacy data and insurance data).
Object oriented modeling of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives for Dynamic Simulation of Vehicular Propulsion

This paper describes an object oriented modeling technique of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives for a dynamic simulation of a hybrid vehicle propulsion system. In order to enhance reusability of the model, each part of an IPMSM drive system is modeled in an object-oriented manner according to the physical partitioning of the drive system. This model allows comprehensive analysis of the IPMSM drive, including torque fluctuation of IPMSM, switching strategies of an inverter, and complex algorithm of a controller and it is also possible to simulate in a simplified way for a reduced computation time without considering switching patterns of an inverter. This model is implemented in Simulink environment, which is a de facto standard tool in control and system engineering, and is easily integrated with other models of hybrid propulsion system. By use of the developed model, fundamental characteristics of IPMSM drive system were investigated and the simulation results show its practical effectiveness
The Role of Low Molecular Weight Thiols in T Lymphocyte Proliferation and IL-2 Secretion 1

Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant intracellular tripeptide that has been implicated as an important regulator of T cell proliferation. The effect of pharmacological regulators of GSH and other thiols on murine T cell signaling, proliferation, and intracellular thiol levels was examined. L-Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, markedly reduced GSH levels and blocked T cell proliferation without significant effect on cell viability. N-acetylcysteine markedly enhanced T cell proliferation without affecting GSH levels. Cotreatment of T cells with N-acetylcysteine and BSO failed to restore GSH levels, but completely restored the proliferative response. Both 2-ME and L-cysteine also reversed the BSO inhibition of T cell proliferation. Intracellular L-cysteine levels were reduced with BSO treatment and restored with cotreatment with NAC or L-cysteine. However, 2-ME completely reversed the BSO inhibition of proliferation without increasing intracellular cysteine levels. Therefore, neither GSH nor cysteine is singularly critical in limiting T cell proliferation. Reducing equivalents from free thiols were required because oxidation of the thiol moiety completely abolished the effect. Furthermore, BSO did not change the expression of surface activation markers, but effectively blocked IL-2 and IL-6 secretion. Importantly, exogenous IL-2 completely overcame BSO-induced block of T cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that T cell proliferation is regulated by thiol-sensitive pathway involving IL-2. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 7965–7972.
Optimal weighting for false discovery rate control

How to weigh the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure? In the con- text of multiple hypothesis testing, we propose a new step-wise procedure that controls the false discovery rate (FDR) and we prove it to be more powerful than any weighted Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Both finite- sample and asymptotic results are presented. Moreover, we illustrate good performance of our procedure in simulations and a genomics application. This work is particularly useful in the case of heterogeneous p-value distri- butions.
Simulation of a New Self-Structured Fuzzy Controller Applied to a Temperature Control Process

A new methodology of Fuzzy Controllers that can change the internal parameters of the controller in real time is presented in this paper. The Self-structured algorithm is able to adapt their rules consequents and re-organize their MFs in real time according to the current state of the controlled plant. Via a simulation of a temperature control process, the authors have proved and demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of their control algorithm compared to a conventional FLC under the same condition and using the same Simulated plant.
Simple Neuron Models for Independent Component Analysis

Recently, several neural algorithms have been introduced for Independent component Analysis. Here we approach the problem from the point of view of a single neuron. First, simple Hebbian-like learning rules are introduced for estimating one of the independent components from sphered data. Some of the learning rules can be used to estimate an independent components which has a negative kurtosis, and the others estimate a component of positive kurtosis. Next, a two-unit system is introduced to estimate an independent component of any kurtosis. The results are then generalized to estimate independent components from non-sphered (raw) mixtures. To separate several independent components, a system of several neurons with linear negative feedback is used. The convergence of the learning rules is rigorously proven without any unnecessary hypotheses on the distribution of the independent components.
Dependent session types via intuitionistic linear type theory

We develop an interpretation of linear type theory as dependent session types for a term passing extension of the pi-calculus. The type system allows us to express rich constraints on sessions, such as interface contracts and proof-carrying certification, which go beyond existing session type systems, and are here justified on purely logical grounds. We can further refine our interpretation using proof irrelevance to eliminate communication overhead for proofs between trusted parties. Our technical results include type preservation and global progress, which in our setting naturally imply compliance to all properties declared in interface contracts expressed by dependent types.
Interpretive Reproduction and Informal Music Learning in the Grade One Classroom

This study investigated informal learning practices in music education as a pedagogical approach within the primary classroom setting. It aims to explore and expand knowledge in the new field of informal music pedagogy through an investigation of its application with Grade One students (ages 5-7). Using the new sociology of childhood as an analytic tool, this study examines children as agentic beings within the structure of childhood, interpreting and reproducing childhood culture. It therefore places emphasis on the importance to primary music education of providing spaces within which children can experiment with and re/create peer musical cultures. Qualitative case-study methodology was used with two classes of Grade One students (n=35) in a Roman Catholic elementary school in Southwestern Ontario. Audio/visual data were collected and analyzed along with researcher-participant observation, teacher observation, field notes and semi-structured interviews. The researcher was a participant-observer and designed three informal learning units delivered by the teacher as part of the study. Data were collected on social and musical behaviours of children, musical skills achieved or emergent (pitch-matching, specific rhythms, etc.), and child and teacher comments on their experiences. Findings suggest that the integration of informal learning in the Grade One music classroom inspires creativity in students and motivates independent and collaborative learning. Expectations of students and teachers are challenged, shifted and adapted as they work collaboratively with flexibility towards new goals. Harwood & Marsh (2012) have drawn significant connections between children’s playground learning and informal
BWMK1, a Rice Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Locates in the Nucleus and Mediates Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression by Activation of a Transcription Factor1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to transduce plant defense signals, but the downstream components of the MAPK have as yet not been elucidated. Here, we report an MAPK from rice (Oryza sativa), BWMK1, and a transcription factor, OsEREBP1, phosphorylated by the kinase. The MAPK carries a TDY phosphorylation motif instead of the more common TEY motif in its kinase domain and has an unusually extended C-terminal domain that is essential to its kinase activity and translocation to the nucleus. The MAPK phosphorylates OsEREBP1 that binds to the GCC box element (AGCCGCC) of the several basic pathogenesis-related gene promoters, which in turn enhances DNA-binding activity of the factor to the cis element in vitro. Transient co-expression of the BWMK1 and OsEREBP1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts elevates the expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the GCC box element. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing BWMK1 expressed many pathogenesis-related genes at higher levels than wild-type plants with an enhanced resistance to pathogens. These findings suggest that MAPKs contribute to plant defense signal transduction by phosphorylating one or more transcription factors.
Coronary Heart Disease: Differential Hemodynamic, Metabolic, and Electrocardiographic Effects in Subjects With and Without Angina Pectoris During Atrial Pacing

Right atrial pacing was performed in 41 subjects with coronary heart disease. Twenty developed angina pectoris during pacing, while 21 did not. The extent of coronary artery disease, as judged by selective cinearteriography, was similar in the two groups. Both had significant increases in heart rate and pressure-time per minute, but there was no significant difference in either of these parameters between groups. Among the hemodynamic parameters measured, the only statistically significant change was in the cardiac index which fell slightly but significantly in the angina group.There were no differences in myocardial oxygen extraction either within each group or between groups. In the angina group, however, 14 of 20 subjects exhibited abnormal myocardial lactate metabolism during pacing. The mean change was highly significant (P < 0.01). In the nonangina group, eight of 21 subjects had abnormal lactate metabolism during pacing and the mean change was significant (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between abnormal lactate metabolism and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia in either group. Sublingual nitroglycerin, given to five subjects with angina while pacing was continued, resulted in prompt relief of symptoms, but abnormal lactate metabolism and ST-segment depression were unaffected after 10 min. By contrast, when anginal symptoms were relieved in five subjects by cessation of pacing, symptomatic improvement was accompanied by marked improvement in lactate metabolism after 10 min. Although angina pectoris appears to be related statistically to subnormal left ventricular function and abnormal lactate metabolism, there is significant individual variation.
Development-Related miRNA Expression and Target Regulation during Staggered In Vitro Plant Regeneration of Tuxpeño VS-535 Maize Cultivar

In vitro plant regeneration addresses basic questions of molecular reprogramming in the absence of embryonic positional cues. The process is highly dependent on the genotype and explant characteristics. However, the regulatory mechanisms operating during organ differentiation from in vitro cultures remain largely unknown. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as key regulators during embryogenic callus induction, plant differentiation, auxin responses and totipotency. Here, we explored how development-related miRNA switches the impact on their target regulation depending on physiological and molecular events taking place during maize Tuxpeño VS-535 in vitro plant regeneration. Three callus types with distinctive regeneration potential were characterized by microscopy and histological preparations. The embryogenic calli (EC) showed higher miRNA levels than non-embryogenic tissues (NEC). An inverse correlation for miR160 and miR166 targets was found during EC callus induction, whereas miR156, miR164 and miR394 displayed similar to their targets RNA accumulation levels. Most miRNA accumulation switches took place early at regenerative spots coincident with shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment, whereas miR156, miR160 and miR166 increased at further differentiation stages. Our data uncover particular miRNA-mediated regulation operating for maize embryogenic tissues, supporting their regulatory role in early SAM establishment and basipetala growth during the in vitro regeneration process.
Binary particle swarm optimisation for feature selection: A filter based approach

Based on binary particle swarm optimisation (BPSO) and information theory, this paper proposes two new filter feature selection methods for classification problems. The first algorithm is based on BPSO and the mutual information of each pair of features, which determines the relevance and redundancy of the selected feature subset. The second algorithm is based on BPSO and the entropy of each group of features, which evaluates the relevance and redundancy of the selected feature subset. Different weights for the relevance and redundancy in the fitness functions of the two proposed algorithms are used to further improve their performance in terms of the number of features and the classification accuracy. In the experiments, a decision tree (DT) is employed to evaluate the classification accuracy of the selected feature subset on the test sets of four datasets. The results show that with proper weights, two proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the number of features and achieve similar or even higher classification accuracy in almost all cases. The first algorithm usually selects a smaller feature subset while the second algorithm can achieve higher classification accuracy.
Divergence-free Multiwavelets on Rectangular Domains

In this paper we construct a family of divergence-free multiwavelets. The construction follows Lemari e's procedure. In the process we nd multiresolution analyses (MRA) related by diierentiation and integration to a family of biorthogonal MRAs constructed by Hardin and Marasovich. The multiscaling and multiwavelets constructed have symmetries and support properties which allow us to obtain biorthog-onal MRAs for the Sobolev space H 1 0 ((0; 1]), just by truncating the smoothened scaling functions and wavelets, and keeping those functions that have zero boundary values. These are the building blocks to construct a biorthogonal basis of vector wavelets in (L 2 ((0; 1] 2)) 2 such that the reconstructing wavelets are divergence-free. These functions constitute a Riesz basis of the L 2-Sobolev space of divergence-free square integrable vector elds on the unit square having tangential boundary components.