Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When They Break Up and Get Back Together: Length of Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Partner Concurrency

Background: Sex partner concurrency is an important risk factor for sexually transmitted infection transmission. Understanding how adolescents conceptualize the length of their relationships when they break up and get back together is essential to the assessment of concurrency. Methods: A prospective cohort of 392 late adolescents and emerging adults, aged 14 to 19 years at baseline, were recruited from 2 clinics in Baltimore, MD and interviewed semiannually for 3 years. At each interview, participants were asked to report on all of their sexual partners in the previous 6 months, the length of relationship, and whether they thought their partner had other sex partners. For relationships that had broken up and gotten back together, reports of length of the relationship were compared before and after the breakup. Random effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between length of relationship and both breakup and partner concurrency. Results: For relationships that ended and subsequently got back together, participants considered the length of relationship to include the period when they were broken up. Longer relationships were at increased odds of both having broken up and gotten back together (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.05) and of partner concurrency (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04). The magnitude of the odds of concurrency was greater for relationships that had broken up and gotten back together (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11). Conclusions: Findings from this study emphasize the need for an improved understanding of the association between the temporal dynamics of late adolescent and emerging adult romantic relationships and concurrency.
Volatility Spillovers Arising from the Financialization of Commodities

This paper examines whether the proliferation of new index products, such as commodity-tracking exchange-traded funds (ETFs), amplified the volatility transmission channel introduced by financialization. This paper focuses on the volatility spillover effects among crude oil, metals, agriculture, and non-energy commodity markets. The results show financialization has an impact on the volatility of commodity prices, predominantly for non-energy commodities. However, the impact on volatility is not symmetric across all commodities. The analysis of index investment and investors’ positions in futures markets shows that, when a relationship exists, it is generally negatively correlated with the realized volatility of non-energy commodities. Using realized volatility in the difference-in-difference model provides estimates that are inconsistent with other findings that non-energy commodities, traded as a part of indices, have experienced higher volatility. The results are similar to the index investment and futures market analysis, where increased participation by investors through new investment products has put download pressure on realized volatility.
Influence of Different Factors on X-Map Estimation in LTE

Information about the radio coverage is essential for network planning and network optimization. In order to obtain the necessary information, planning tools are used which are in some aspects inaccurate due to, e.g., inaccurate input data, simplifications in the applied propagation models, and changes in the environment or traffic distribution. Thus, the planning tools have to be optimized using measurement campaigns. For this, drive/walk tests have to be performed which are not ideal since only a limited part of the network can be covered due to the costs and access restrictions, and only a snapshot of the conditions in the field is captured. Therefore, we introduce the concept of the X-map estimation function which continuously monitors the network and estimates the spatial network performance by processing the UE reports in a geographic map with overlay performance information, referred to as an X-map. Two different approaches for creating X-maps are evaluated in this paper. We analyze the influence of the positioning accuracy, the UE measurement accuracy, and the number of measurements taken on the accuracy of the resulting X-maps. We show that the influence of the different factors on the accuracy of the X-maps depends on the used approach and that the positioning accuracy and the number of measurements taken have the largest impact.
A fully reconfigurable controller dedicated to implantable recording devices

Neural signals monitoring systems become a key issue to cortical bioelectrical comprehension research. This paper describes the implementation of a dynamically reconfigurable controller dedicated for real-time implantable acquisition systems. The authors presented the cortical signal's characteristics and the requirements needed to extract and reconstruct the signal once transmitted outside the implant. The implementation of a wavelet transformation used as a feature extraction for spike detection, compression and denoising techniques were reported. A packet based protocol permitted to communicate in both directions with the implant trough the wireless link. A complete 32 channels prototype based on an optimized pipelined architecture was implemented and the resources' usage for further expansion was discussed.
Discordant on/off switching of gene expression in myocytes during cardiac hypertrophy in vivo

To determine whether the expression of cardiac genes changes in a graded manner or by on/off switching when cardiac myocytes change genetic programs in living animals, we have studied two indicator genes that change their expression oppositely in mouse binucleate ventricular cardiomyocytes during development and in response to cardiac hypertrophy. One is a single-copy transgene controlled by an α-myosin heavy chain (aMHC) promoter and coding for CFP. The other is the endogenous β-myosin heavy chain (bMHC) gene modified to code for a YFP–bMHC fusion protein. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy, we determined the expression of the two indicator genes in individual cardiomyocytes perinatally and after inducing cardiac hypertrophy by transverse aortic constriction. Our results provide strong evidence that the cardiac genes respond by switching their expression in an on/off rather than graded manner, and that responding genes within a single cell and within the two nuclei of cardiomyocytes do not necessarily switch concordantly.
Effect of health messages about “Light” and “Ultra Light” cigarettes on beliefs and quitting intent

OBJECTIVE To test the impact of three health messages focusing on vent holes, sensory effects of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes, or health consequences of smoking, respectively, on beliefs and quitting intentions. DESIGN In the course of a random digit dialed telephone survey, subjects were randomised to hear one of three messages. To test the effects of the messages, beliefs and quitting intentions were assessed both pre- and post-message. PARTICIPANTS Daily smokers (n = 2120) of Regular (46%), Light (39%), and Ultra Light (15%) cigarettes in the USA. The sample was weighted to match the US smoker population on age, sex, and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Beliefs were summarised on three dimensions: Safety (reduced health risk), Delivery (lower tar and nicotine delivery), and Sensation (less harsh). Quitting interest was captured by the “quit index”, an aggregate measure of quitting interest and intent. RESULTS The message focusing on smokers' sensory perceptions of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes resulted in the most positive change in beliefs about safety, delivery, and intent to quit, and was particularly effective among those who believed that these cigarettes were less harsh. The effect was most pronounced among young adults, and among smokers of Light and Ultra Light brands who most endorsed their sensory benefits. CONCLUSIONS Addressing smokers' sensory experience that Light and Ultra Light cigarettes feel less harsh may be a promising strategy for changing their misconceptions about these cigarettes and enhancing their interest in quitting. Media counter-advertising on Lights and Ultra Lights, focusing on sensory aspects of these cigarettes, may be an important part of tobacco control efforts.
TraceTracker: Hardware/software co-evaluation for large-scale I/O workload reconstruction

Block traces are widely used for system studies, model verifications, and design analyses in both industry and academia. While such traces include detailed block access patterns, existing trace-driven research unfortunately often fails to find true-north due to a lack of runtime contexts such as user idle periods and system delays, which are fundamentally linked to the characteristics of target storage hardware. In this work, we propose TraceTracker, a novel hardware/software co-evaluation method that allows users to reuse a broad range of the existing block traces by keeping most their execution contexts and user scenarios while adjusting them with new system information. Specifically, our TraceTracker's software evaluation model can infer CPU burst times and user idle periods from old storage traces, whereas its hardware evaluation method remasters the storage traces by interoperating the inferred time information, and updates all inter-arrival times by making them aware of the target storage system. We apply the proposed co-evaluation model to 577 traces, which were collected by servers from different institutions and locations a decade ago, and revive the traces on a high-performance flash-based storage array. The evaluation results reveal that the accuracy of the execution contexts reconstructed by TraceTracker is on average 99% and 96% with regard to the frequency of idle operations and the total idle periods, respectively.
Identification of DIM-7, a protein required to target the DIM-5 H3 methyltransferase to chromatin

Functionally distinct chromatin domains are delineated by distinct posttranslational modifications of histones, and in some organisms by differences in DNA methylation. Proper establishment and maintenance of chromatin domains is critical but not well understood. We previously demonstrated that heterochromatin in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is marked by cytosine methylation directed by trimethylated Lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3). H3K9me3 is the product of the DIM-5 Lysine methyltransferase and is recognized by a protein complex containing heterochromatin protein-1 and the DIM-2 DNA methyltransferase. To identify additional components that control the establishment and function of DNA methylation and heterochromatin, we built a strain harboring two selectable reporter genes that are silenced by DNA methylation and employed this strain to select for mutants that are defective in DNA methylation (dim). We report a previously unidentified gene (dim-7) that is essential for H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. DIM-7 homologs are found only in fungi and are highly divergent. We found that DIM-7 interacts with DIM-5 in vivo and demonstrated that a conserved domain near the N terminus of DIM-7 is required for its stability. In addition, we found that DIM-7 is essential for recruitment of DIM-5 to form heterochromatin.
Do Urban Subway Openings Reduce PM2.5 Concentrations? Evidence from China

With the fast-growing consumption of automobiles in China, vehicle fumes appear to be one of the major contributors to PM2.5 (fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) emissions. As a type of green transportation, Chinese urban subway transit has developed rapidly in recent years. This paper estimates the effect of urban subway openings on PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese cities. Using daily air quality data for 29 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2018, and using regression discontinuity design, we find that new subway openings reduce PM2.5 concentrations by an average of 18 μg/m3. The potential mechanism for this emission reduction is due to the offset in on-road transportation, and the use of cleaner energy. Also, central heating in winter, population scale, and city tier play crucial roles in the emission-reducing effect of subway openings. A series of robustness tests are conducted to support the fundamental empirical results. Targeted policy implications, such as optimizing the planning of urban subway construction and road network, fostering awareness of green travel, and promoting the innovation of emission-reducing technologies, are suggested for sustainable development in Chinese cities.
Funga 1 Toxins Bind to the URF 13 Protein in Maize Mitochondria and Escherichia coli

Expression of the maize mitochondrial T-urf73 gene results in a sensitivity to a family of fungal pathotoxins and to methomyl, a structurally unrelated systemic insecticide. Similar effects of pathotoxins and methomyl are observed when T-urfl3 is cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. An interaction between these compounds and the membrane-bound URFl3 protein permeabilizes the inner mitochondrial and bacterial plasma membranes. To understand the toxin-URF13 effects, we have investigated whether toxin specifically binds to the URF13 protein. Our studies indicate that toxin binds to the URF13 protein in maize mitochondria and in E. coli expressing URF13. Binding analysis in E. coli reveals cooperative toxin binding. A low leve1 of specific toxin binding is also demonstrated in cms-T and cms-T-restored mitochondria; however, binding does not appear to be cooperative in maize mitochondria. Competition and displacement studies in E. coli demonstrate that toxin binding is reversible and that the toxins and methomyl compete for the same, or for overlapping, binding sites. Two toxin-insensitive URFl3 mutants display a diminished capability to bind toxin in E. coli, which identifies residues of URFl3 important in toxin binding. A third toxin-insensitive URFl3 mutant shows considerable toxin binding in E. coli, demonstrating that toxin binding can occur without causing membrane permeabilization. Our results indicate that toxin-mediated membrane permeabilization only occurs when toxin or methomyl is bound to URFl3.
Corporate social responsibility performance and sustainability reporting in SMEs: an analysis of owner-managers' perceptions

Public and private organisations promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to achieve competitive advantages in their relationship with stakeholders. Different studies indicate that SMEs have found benefits in their CSR performance. The aim of the present study is contributing to the knowledge of the perception and motivation of SME managers on the performance of CSR, considering the stakeholder theory, through a qualitative case study in two different economic environments and institutional influences: Spanish and Peruvian. It is found that the values of the owners and managers direct the policies of CSR. In some cases, the demands of employees and consumers are satisfied to obtain benefits; however, in other cases, those demands are satisfied with a non-instrumental approach.
Microstructure and high temperature transport properties of Ca‐doped nickel oxide

The high temperature microstructure of Ca‐doped NiO single crystals was analysed to clear the experimental data on electrical conductivity, Seebeck's effect, diffusion and kinetic demixing. Combined transmission light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations coupled with EDS analyses revealed the presence of CaO precipitates in localized (eutectic‐like) zones for a wide range of analysed oxygen partial pressure. Their presence in the structure was confirmed for equilibrium (air) conditions in NiO‐CaO system at about 1700°C (∼42 mol% CaO), according to phase diagrams ( Smith et al., 1969 ). For the wide range of oxygen partial pressure and high temperature (1000 ÷ 1200°C) the spinel phase was not observed, which is opposite to our previous results obtained for Ca‐doped CoO single crystals ( Kusinski et al., 2006 ). The chemical diffusion and electrical field kinetic demixing experiments have been combined to prove that the presence of Ca leads to an increase of the chemical diffusion coefficient of NiO. This unexpected result (DCa > DNi), confirmed during electrical conductivity experiment, indicates that correlation effects between Ni and Ca cations play a decisive role in diffusion processes in (Ni,Ca)O.
Influence of All-Out Start Duration on Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake Kinetics and High-Intensity Exercise Performance

Abstract Wood, MA, Bailey, SJ, and Jones, AM. Influence of all-out start duration on pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(8): 2187–2194, 2014—The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the duration of an “all-out” starting strategy on O2 uptake kinetics and performance during high-intensity exercise. Following familiarization, 9 recreationally active men completed three 1500-m cycling time trials (TT) using different pacing strategies. In a randomized order, subjects completed a self-paced TT (SPTT), or a TT that was self-paced following an initial 15-second (15TT) or 90-second (90TT) all-out sprint. V[Combining Dot Above]O2 was measured during all tests. The 1500-m TT completion time was faster in 15TT than SPTT (136.1 ± 6.2 seconds vs. 140.3 ± 7.1 seconds; p ⩽ 0.05), but 90TT (138.5 ± 8.5 seconds) was not significantly different from either SPTT or 15TT (p > 0.05). The V[Combining Dot Above]O2 mean response time (MRT) was shorter in 15TT (27 ± 7 seconds) and 90TT (30 ± 9 seconds) than SPTT (40 ± 10 seconds; p ⩽ 0.05), but the peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2 was only higher in 15TT (3.77 ± 0.42 L·min−1) compared with SPTT (3.47 ± 0.44 L·min−1) (p ⩽ 0.05). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.77, p ⩽ 0.05) between the shorter MRT and the faster 1500-m completion time for 15TT compared with SPTT. These results support the use of a brief (∼15 seconds) all-out start to improve performance in short-duration (<180 seconds) athletic events and suggest that such a strategy may be ergogenic by increasing the rate of oxidative energy transfer during exercise while minimizing the extent of the concurrent muscle metabolic perturbation.
Private tutoring and parents decision to work more: evidence from Egypt

ABSTRACT We study the effect of private tutoring (PT) on parents' decision to work more using a sample from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey in 2012 and apply a semi-parametric recursive bivariate probit model to control for endogeneity. Our finding shows that PT increases father propensity to work overtime by about 2 percentage points (pp) and a father's propensity to work a secondary job by about 4 pp. The increase in mother propensity to work is significantly high where it reaches 27 pp. In the urban areas, the effect is insignificant for the father but exceeds 37 pp for the mother.
Presidential Elections 2018: The Struggle of Putin and Navalny for a Media Agenda

ABSTRACT The study compares the networked issue agendas of Vladimir Putin and Alexey Navalny in Russian mainstream media and on the Internet utilizing the theoretical framework of issue ownership theory. We analyze the period from December 12, 2016 to December 12, 2017. The analysis shows that the issue agendas of Putin and Navalny are similar in the mainstream media and on the Internet. In both media types, Putin is often mentioned in connection with economic issues and international relations, which attract the attention of the population and are perceived as important. Navalny is associated with the issues of civic activism, NGOs and anti-corruption.
Usefulness of ovarian volume and cysts in female isosexual precocious puberty

The real‐time pelvic sonograms of 32 girls under 8 years old with true isosexual precocity (23 cases), pseudosexual precocity (four cases), premature adrenarche (four cases), and an undetermined problem (one case) were evaluated retrospectively for ovarian volume and presence and size of cysts. Sonographic findings were compared to those of 181 age‐matched controls to determine the best sonographic indicator of precocious puberty. Ovarian volume was 4.6 cm3 in girls with true isosexual precocity, 4.1 cm3 in girls with pseudosexual precocity, and less than 1 cm3 in the other patients as well as in the control population. Ovarian enlargement was bilateral in true precocity and unilateral in pseudosexual precocity. Of the 181 subjects in the control group, 96 (53%) had ovarian cysts, almost all of which were small (less than 9 mm in diameter). Ovarian cysts occurred in 22 of 32 patients (69%) with precocity. The cysts generally were smaller than 9 mm in true isosexual precocity and larger than 9 mm in pseudosexual precocity. In conclusion, small ovarian cysts are not specific to precocious puberty and its various subtypes. Bilateral ovarian enlargement appears to be a reliable indicator of true isosexual puberty, whereas unilateral ovarian enlargement in combination with macrocysts is suggestive of pseudosexual precocity.
Bis[μ-2,2′-dimethyl-1,1′-(3-oxapentane-1,5-diyl)di-1H-benzimidazole-κ2 N 3:N 3′]bis[bis(4-methoxybenzoato)-κO;κ2 O,O′-cobalt(II)]

The complete molecule of the title complex, [Co2(C8H7O3)4(C20H22N4O)2], is a dimer of the paddle-wheel-type generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The CoII ion is pentacoordinated by three O atoms from two 4-methoxybenzoate anions (one bidentate and one monodentate) and two N atoms from two 2,2′-bis(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole)ether ligands. This results in a very distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry for the metal ion, with both N atoms in equatorial sites. The dihedral angle between the benzimidazole ring systems in the ligand is 60.04 (8)°. The configuration of the molecule is supported by intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Erudituncus N. GEN. (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) With a Redescription of E. Musteli (Yamaguti, 1952) N. Comb. and Comments on its Hook Homologies

Examination of type and new material of Platybothrium musteli Yamaguti, 1952, resulted in the erection of a new genus, Erudituncus, the new combination Erudituncus musteli (Yamaguti, 1952), and the redescription of the newly combined species. This species exhibits novel hook morphology. Each bothridium bears 2 pairs of hooks, the axial pair comprising 1 medial and 1 lateral bipronged hook and the abaxial pair comprising a lateral unipronged hook and a medial, simple hook element. Based on the position of the hook talons, we suggest that the inner prong of the axial hooks of Erudituncus is homologous to the single prong of the axial hooks of Calliobothrium and the axial prongs of Dicranobothrium, Platybothrium, Phoreiobothrium, and Onchobothrium; the outer prong of the axial hooks of Erudituncus is homologous to the abaxial prongs of Dicranobothrium, Platybothrium, Phoreiobothrium, and Onchobothrium; and the abaxial hooks of Erudituncus and Calliobothrium are homologous. Erudituncus musteli was lacking from 31 individuals of the type host of record, the triakid shark Mustelus manazo Bleeker, 1854, examined for this study, but was obtained from 2 individuals of the triakid shark Hemitriakis japanica (Müller and Henle, 1839). Therefore, H. japanica is proposed as the probable type host of E. musteli.
R&D Accounting Treatment, R&D State and Tax Avoidance: With a Focus on Biotech Firms

This study examines the correlation among R&D accounting treatment, R&D state and tax avoidance behavior, with a focus on biotech firms. Findings from the analysis show that most firms are unlikely to capitalize R&D in a steady state; however, in the case of biotech firms, this is not the case. This may be due to biotech firms’ accounting choice to capitalize R&D outlays based on a strong belief in future opportunities of commercial success. Moreover, the analysis of tax avoidance behavior finds that firms with low capitalization in an R&D steady state have a positive correlation with tax avoidance, whereas biotech firms do not. The results imply that biotech firms focus on sustainable commercial success unlike the general patterns of other industries.