Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safe Pattern Pruning: An Efficient Approach for Predictive Pattern Mining

In this paper we study predictive pattern mining problems where the goal is to construct a predictive model based on a subset of predictive patterns in the database. Our main contribution is to introduce a novel method called safe pattern pruning (SPP) for a class of predictive pattern mining problems. The SPP method allows us to efficiently find a superset of all the predictive patterns in the database that are needed for the optimal predictive model. The advantage of the SPP method over existing boosting-type method is that the former can find the superset by a single search over the database, while the latter requires multiple searches. The SPP method is inspired by recent development of safe feature screening. In order to extend the idea of safe feature screening into predictive pattern mining, we derive a novel pruning rule called safe pattern pruning (SPP) rule that can be used for searching over the tree defined among patterns in the database. The SPP rule has a property that, if a node corresponding to a pattern in the database is pruned out by the SPP rule, then it is guaranteed that all the patterns corresponding to its descendant nodes are never needed for the optimal predictive model. We apply the SPP method to graph mining and item-set mining problems, and demonstrate its computational advantage.
Economic sociology as a strange other to both sociology and economics

Economic sociologists have developed and applied theories and concepts in close connection with broadly economic phenomena, including, recently, embeddedness and actor network theory. Key to these theories is understandings of action given uncertainty in which actors develop calculative capabilities, and an emphasis on markets with boundaries and interstices as essential properties. This article reflects upon the connections between Parsons' and Smelser's economic sociology and that of contemporary authors including Granovetter, Callon and White. As a strange other to economics and to sociology, economic sociology can develop research questions in considering arbitrage generally, rather than only restricted to financial markets.
Data Diversity: An Approach to Software Fault Tolerance

Data diversity is described, and the results of a pilot study are presented. The regions of the input space that cause failure for certain experimental programs are discussed, and data reexpression, the way in which alternate input data sets can be obtained, is examined. A description is given of the retry block which is the data-diverse equivalent of the recovery block, and a model of the retry block, together with some empirical results is presented. N-copy programming which is the data-diverse equivalent of N-version programming is considered, and a simple model and some empirical results are also given. >
Revised depth map estimation for multi-view stereo

Optical flow estimation is one of the popular methods to obtain the depth maps in multi-view stereo due to its high accuracy and robustness. In traditional optical flow estimation, the energy function contains three assumptions: intensity constancy assumption, gradient constancy assumption, and global smoothness assumption. In this work, we propose a local smoothness assumption to constrain the optical flow disparity in neighboring pixels. We first study the new smoothness term and its corresponding energy function, and present a practical iteration approach to minimize the energy function. Later we apply this new estimation method to the multi-view stereo system and obtain the depth maps of different image pairs. Our results demonstrate the good performance of the algorithm in acquiring smoothing surface when comparing to the traditional methods.
A Study of the Unidimensionality and Cumulativeness of the MOS Short-Form General Health Survey

The unidimensionality and cumulativeness of the subscales Health Perceptions, Mental Health, Physical Pain, and Social Functioning of the MOS Short-form General Health Survey were investigated using the Mokken Scale Analysis for Polychotomous Items (MSP). From the analyses, two unidimensional, cumulative subscales appeared, Health Perceptions including the item on Social Functioning, and Mental Health. Both subscales met the requirements of the Mokken model, with the first scale being a ‘moderately strong’ hierarchical scale (H = 0.49, rho = 0.89) and the second a ‘weak’ hierarchical scale (H = 0.38, rho = 0.85).
Self-Regulated Learning: A Key of a Successful Learner in Online Learning Environments in Thailand

This study identified five effective self-regulated learning (SRL), investigated the correlation of demographic information and SRL, and measured significant predictor of prior experiences on SRL. Eighty-eight Thai learners participated in the SRL survey, which was adapted from the MSLQ. The findings indicated that Intrinsic Goal and Self-Efficacy were correlated with Cognitive Strategy and Study Management, but Test Anxiety was not significantly related with any component. Multiple regressions indicated that Internet and Hybrid-course experiences were significant predictors of Study Management. The same results indicated that learners who had more Internet experience reported a significantly higher level of Self-Efficacy and Cognitive Strategy.
Effects of Grievance Activity on Absenteeism

This study examined the merits of one perspective on the relationship between absenteeism and grievance activity by studying whether that relationship varied across six types of grievance activity. The transfer function between each type of grievance activity and absenteeism was estimated with time series techniques. The results suggest that the direction of the relationship varies substantially in association with the nature of the grievance.
Scalable Mobile Video Retrieval with Sparse Projection Learning and Pseudo Label Mining

Retrieving relevant videos from a large corpus on mobile devices is a vital challenge. This article addresses two key issues for mobile search on user-generated videos. The first is the lack of good relevance measurement for learning semantically rich representations, due to the unconstrained nature of online videos. The second is the limited resources on mobile devices, stringent bandwidth, and delay requirement between the device and video server. The authors propose a knowledge-embedded sparse projection learning approach. To alleviate the need for expensive annotation in hash learning, they investigate varying approaches for pseudo label mining, where explicit semantic analysis leverages Wikipedia. In addition, they propose a novel sparse projection method to address the efficiency challenge by learning a discriminative compact representation that drastically reduces transmission costs. With less than 10 percent nonzero elements in the projection matrix, it also reduces computational and storage costs. The experimental results on 100,000 videos show that the proposed algorithm yields performance competitive with the prior state-of-the-art hashing methods, which are not applicable for mobiles and solely rely on costly manual annotations. The average query time for 100,000 videos was only 0.592 seconds.
Towards understanding heterogeneous clouds at scale : Google trace analysis

With the emergence of large, heterogeneous, shared computing clusters, their efficient use by mixed distributed workloads and tenants remains an important challenge. Unfortunately, little data has been available about such workloads and clusters. This paper analyzes a recent Google release of scheduler request and utilization data across a large (12500+) general-purpose compute cluster over 29 days. We characterize cluster resource requests, their distribution, and the actual resource utilization. Unlike previous scheduler traces we are aware of, this one includes diverse workloads – from large web services to large CPU-intensive batch programs – and permits comparison of actual resource utilization with the user-supplied resource estimates available to the cluster resource scheduler. We observe some under-utilization despite over-commitment of resources, difficulty of scheduling high-priority tasks that specify constraints, and lack of dynamic adjustments to user allocation requests despite the apparent availability of this feature in the scheduler.
Transgenic Plants Producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Currently, the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) copolymer, polyhydroxy-co-valerate (PHBV) is being produced commer- cially using a two-stage glucose / propionate fed batch fermentation process using Ralstonia eutropha. The economics of the manufacturing process are still a major barrier to the widespread use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and intensive efforts are being made to reduce the cost of production by means of bioprocess design and metabolic engineering of production strains. However, despite these improvements, the production costs are still high compared to petroleum-derived commodity plastics. An alternative strategy for lowering production costs that has been proposed is to develop transgenic plants that produce PHAs. This strategy is considerably cheaper because the PHAs production from plants does not require expensive fermentation equip- ment and processing facilities.
Detection and characterization of nonspecific, sparsely populated binding modes in the early stages of complexation

A method is proposed to study protein–ligand binding in a system governed by specific and nonspecific interactions. Strong associations lead to narrow distributions in the proteins configuration space; weak and ultraweak associations lead instead to broader distributions, a manifestation of nonspecific, sparsely populated binding modes with multiple interfaces. The method is based on the notion that a discrete set of preferential first‐encounter modes are metastable states from which stable (prerelaxation) complexes at equilibrium evolve. The method can be used to explore alternative pathways of complexation with statistical significance and can be integrated into a general algorithm to study protein interaction networks. The method is applied to a peptide–protein complex. The peptide adopts several low‐population conformers and binds in a variety of modes with a broad range of affinities. The system is thus well suited to analyze general features of binding, including conformational selection, multiplicity of binding modes, and nonspecific interactions, and to illustrate how the method can be applied to study these problems systematically. The equilibrium distributions can be used to generate biasing functions for simulations of multiprotein systems from which bulk thermodynamic quantities can be calculated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global value numbers and redundant computations

Most previous redundancy elilmination algorithms have been of two kinds. The lexical algorithms deal with the entire program, but they can only detect redundancy among computations of lexicatlly identical expressions, where expressions are lexically identical if they apply exactly the same operator to exactly the same operands. The value numbering algorithms,, on the other hand, can recognize redundancy among ex:pressions that are lexically different but that are certain to compute the same value. This is accomplished by assigning special symbolic names called value numbers to expr,essions. If the value numbers of the operands of two expressions are identical, and if the operators applied by the expressions are identical, then the expressions receive the: same value number and are certain to have the same values. Sameness of value numbers permits more extensive optimization than lexical identity, but value numbering algor:ithms have usually been restricted in the past to basic blocks (sequences of computations with no branching) or extended basic blocks (sequences of computations with no joins). We propose a redundancy elimination algorithm that is global (in that it deals with the entire program), yet able to recognize redundancy among expressions that are lexitally different. The al,gorithm also takes advantage of second order effects: transformations based on the discovery that two computations compute the same value may create opportunities to discover that other computations are equivalent. The algorithm applies to programs expressed as reducible [l] [9] control flow gratphs. As the examples in section 7 illustrate, our algorithm optimizes reducible programs much more extensively than previous algorithms. In the special case of a program without loops, the code generated by our algorithm is provably “optimal” in the technical sense explained in section 8. Thiis degree of optimization is
Mismatch between perceived and objectively measured environmental obesogenic features in European neighbourhoods

Findings from research on the association between the built environment and obesity remain equivocal but may be partly explained by differences in approaches used to characterize the built environment. Findings obtained using subjective measures may differ substantially from those measured objectively. We investigated the agreement between perceived and objectively measured obesogenic environmental features to assess (1) the extent of agreement between individual perceptions and observable characteristics of the environment and (2) the agreement between aggregated perceptions and observable characteristics, and whether this varied by type of characteristic, region or neighbourhood. Cross‐sectional data from the SPOTLIGHT project (n = 6037 participants from 60 neighbourhoods in five European urban regions) were used. Residents' perceptions were self‐reported, and objectively measured environmental features were obtained by a virtual audit using Google Street View. Percent agreement and Kappa statistics were calculated. The mismatch was quantified at neighbourhood level by a distance metric derived from a factor map. The extent to which the mismatch metric varied by region and neighbourhood was examined using linear regression models. Overall, agreement was moderate (agreement < 82%, kappa < 0.3) and varied by obesogenic environmental feature, region and neighbourhood. Highest agreement was found for food outlets and outdoor recreational facilities, and lowest agreement was obtained for aesthetics. In general, a better match was observed in high‐residential density neighbourhoods characterized by a high density of food outlets and recreational facilities. Future studies should combine perceived and objectively measured built environment qualities to better understand the potential impact of the built environment on health, particularly in low residential density neighbourhoods.
Retention impairment by posttraining epinephrine: role of state dependency and of endogenous opioid mechanisms.

Mice were trained in a step-through inhibitory avoidance task with a 0.6-mA, 60-Hz, 2-s footshock and were tested for retention 3 or 6 hr later. Posttraining intraperitoneal administration of a high dose (25.0 micrograms per mouse) of epinephrine (Epi) impaired retention; this effect was counteracted by another injection of the same dose of Epi given before retention testing either 3 or 6 hr after training. When administered before the 6-hr test but not the 3-hr test, however, Epi enhanced retention (i.e., above that of controls). The retention enhancement, but not the reversal of impairing effects of posttraining Epi, was antagonized by naltrexone (20.0 micrograms per mouse). Naltrexone, when administered alone, had no effect on retention when given before testing. However, posttraining administration of naltrexone produced an enhancement of retention detectable 6 but not 3 hr after training. Furthermore, posttraining naltrexone also blocked the impairing effect of posttraining Epi otherwise seen 6 hr after training. These results suggest that the impairment of retention caused by posttraining Epi is attributable to the induction of state dependency based on an Epi state. When the animals are tested 3 hr after training, this effect appears alone. But, when tested 6 hr after training, the Epi effect appears together with an opioid, presumably beta-endorphin-mediated, state dependency.
Effects of shielding structures on the performance of planar inductors

The aim of this work is the study of the performance of planar inductors due to the presence of shielding structures. Equivalent inductance, quality factor and self resonance of the component are chosen as figures of merit for a fair comparison. Two experiments are proposed. In the first one, identical inductor geometries are evaluated under three different electromagnetic boundary conditions:(i) as a stand-alone device, (ii) surrounded by a guard-ring structure, and (iii) adding a ground plane connected to the guard-ring with solid through vias. In the second one, the influence of the width of the guard-ring is studied. Experimental results are compared with a fast quasi-static partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) solver, which is embedded in a circuit simulator, that can handle all the previous shielding conditions.
Three-Dimensional Displays: A Review and Applications Analysis

S. Benton published a definitive taxonomy of the first one hundred and seventy years of 3D displays covering the field up to the year 2000. In this article we review how display technologies have advanced in the last ten years and update Benton's taxonomy to include the latest additions. Our aim is to produce a display taxonomy suitable for content producers highlighting which displays have common requirements for image delivery. We also analyze key technical characteristics of 3D displays and use these characteristics to suggest the future applications for each category of display.
Extracellular Matrix Protein Lumican Promotes Clearance and Resolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in a Mouse Model

Lumican is an extracellular protein that associates with CD14 on the surface of macrophages and neutrophils, and promotes CD14-TLR4 mediated response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Lumican-deficient (Lum −/−) mice and macrophages are impaired in TLR4 signals; raising the possibility that lumican may regulate host response to live bacterial infections. In a recent study we showed that in vitro Lum −/− macrophages are impaired in phagocytosis of gram-negative bacteria and in a lung infection model the Lum −/− mice showed poor survival. The cornea is an immune privileged barrier tissue that relies primarily on innate immunity to protect against ocular infections. Lumican is a major component of the cornea, yet its role in counteracting live bacteria in the cornea remains poorly understood. Here we investigated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cornea in Lum −/− mice. By flow cytometry we found that 24 hours after infection macrophage and neutrophil counts were lower in the cornea of Lum −/− mice compared to wild types. Infected Lum −/− corneas showed lower levels of the leukocyte chemoattractant CXCL1 by 24–48 hours of infection, and increased bacterial counts up to 5 days after infection, compared to Lum+/− mice. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was comparably low 24 hours after infection, but significantly higher in the Lum −/− compared to Lum +/− infected corneas by 2–5 days after infection. Taken together, the results indicate that lumican facilitates development of an innate immune response at the earlier stages of infection and lumican deficiency leads to poor bacterial clearance and resolution of corneal inflammation at a later stage.
Identifying ICT Entrepreneurship Potential in Students

Literature relating to personality and entrepreneurship focused largely on the personality characteristics of general entrepreneurs. The focus of a study done in South Africa was on personality characteristics and temperaments of potential Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entrepreneurs. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and usefullness of using personality characteristics to identify potential ICT entrepreneurs. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter was used to ascertain the personality characteristics of the participants. Two simple entrepreneurial tests were used to determine the entrepreneurial ability of the participants. The two phenonena (temperament and entrepreneurial ability) of the participants were then compared. Third and forth year information systems students from the University of Cape Town and current ICT entrepreneurs made up the population sample.
A structural comparison of 21 inhibitor complexes of the aspartic proteinase from Endothia parasitica

The aspartic proteinases are an important family of enzymes associated with several pathological conditions such as hypertension (renin), gastric ulcers (pepsin), neoplastic disease (cathepsins D and E), and AIDS (HIV proteinase). Studies of inhibitor binding are therefore of great importance for design of novel inhibitors for potential therapeutic applications. Numerous X‐ray analyses have shown that transition‐state isostere inhibitors of aspartic proteinases bind in similar extended conformations in the active‐site cleft of the target enzyme. Upon comparison of 21 endothiapepsin inhibitor complexes, the hydrogen bond lengths were found to be shortest where the isostere (P1–P'1) interacts with the enzyme's catalytic aspartate pair. Hydrogen bonds with good geometry also occur at P'2, and more so at P3, where a conserved water molecule is involved in the interactions. Weaker interactions also occur at P2, where the side‐chain conformations of the inhibitors appear to be more variable than at the more tightly held positions. At P2 and, to a lesser extent, P3, the side‐chain conformations depend intriguingly on interactions with spatially adjacent inhibitor side chains, namely P'1 and P1, respectively. The tight binding at P1–P'1, P3, and P'2 is also reflected in the larger number of van der Waals contacts and the large decreases in solvent‐accessible area at these positions, as well as their low temperature factors. Our analysis substantiates earlier proposals for the locations of protons in the transition‐state complex. Aspartate 32 is probably ionized in the complexes, its charge being stabilized by 1, or sometimes 2, hydrogen bonds from the transition‐state analogues at P1. The detailed comparison also indicates that the P1 and P2 residues of substrate in the ES complex may be strained by the extensive binding interactions at P3, P'1, and P'2 in a manner that would facilitate hydrolysis of the scissile peptide bond.
Microtubule‐binding protein doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) guides kinesin‐3‐mediated cargo transport to dendrites

In neurons, the polarized distribution of vesicles and other cellular materials is established through molecular motors that steer selective transport between axons and dendrites. It is currently unclear whether interactions between kinesin motors and microtubule‐binding proteins can steer polarized transport. By screening all 45 kinesin family members, we systematically addressed which kinesin motors can translocate cargo in living cells and drive polarized transport in hippocampal neurons. While the majority of kinesin motors transport cargo selectively into axons, we identified five members of the kinesin‐3 (KIF1) and kinesin‐4 (KIF21) subfamily that can also target dendrites. We found that microtubule‐binding protein doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) labels a subset of dendritic microtubules and is required for KIF1‐dependent dense‐core vesicles (DCVs) trafficking into dendrites and dendrite development. Our study demonstrates that microtubule‐binding proteins can provide local signals for specific kinesin motors to drive polarized cargo transport.