Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor initiating but differentiated luminal-like breast cancer cells are highly invasive in the absence of basal-like activity

The majority of human breast cancers exhibit luminal epithelial differentiation. However, most aggressive behavior, including invasion and purported cancer stem cell activity, are considered characteristics of basal-like cells. We asked the following questions: Must luminal-like breast cancer cells become basal-like to initiate tumors or to invade? Could luminally differentiated cells within a basally initiated hierarchy also be tumorigenic? To answer these questions, we used rare and mutually exclusive lineage markers to isolate subsets of luminal-like and basal-like cells from human breast tumors. We enriched for populations with or without prominent basal-like traits from individual tumors or single cell cloning from cell lines and recovered cells with a luminal-like phenotype. Tumor cells with basal-like traits mimicked phenotypic and functional behavior associated with stem cells assessed by gene expression, mammosphere formation and lineage markers. Luminal-like cells without basal-like traits, surprisingly, were fully capable of initiating invasive tumors in NOD SCID gamma (NSG) mice. In fact, these phenotypically pure luminal-like cells generated larger and more invasive tumors than their basal-like counterparts. The tumorigenicity and invasive potential of the luminal-like cancer cells relied strongly on the expression of the gene GCNT1, which encodes a key glycosyltransferase controlling O-glycan branching. These findings demonstrate that basal-like cells, as defined currently, are not a requirement for breast tumor aggressiveness, and that within a single tumor there are multiple “stem-like” cells with tumorigenic potential casting some doubt on the hypothesis of hierarchical or differentiative loss of tumorigenicity.
Synthesis of (R)-1,3-Butanediol by Enantioselective Oxidation Using Whole Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells Expressing (S)-Specific Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase

The synthesis of (R)-1,3-butanediol (BDO) from its racemate was studied using whole cells of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing an (S)-specific secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (CpSADH) from Candida parapsilosis by enantioselective oxidation. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of (R)-1,3-BDO reached 72.6 g/l, with a molar recovery yield of 48.4% from a racemate of 15% and an optical purity of 95% ee.
Observer design for a class of hyperbolic PDE equation based on a Distributed Super Twisting Algorithm

In this paper a new version of a Distributed Super-Twisting Algorithm (DSTA), including a linear term, is proposed. It is an extension to infinite dimensional spaces of the Generalized Super-Twisting Algorithm for finite dimensional systems proposed in [14], [15], [3]. The proposed algorithm is different from the one presented previously by [18], [22] and it retains all the main properties of its finite dimensional counterpart, that is, it converges in finite time to zero, even in presence of bounded perturbations, in contrast with the asymptotic convergence and weaker robustness properties that have been shown for the algorithm in [18], [22]. This properties are shown using a strong Lyapunov functional. As application of this algorithm the finite time and robust state estimation problem for a class of uncertain hyperbolic PDEs is considered. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles on nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for hydrogen sensing

Highly dispersed gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesised using a simple electrochemical method. Morphology of Au-NPs and their dispersion profile were studied depending on the applied potential and deposition duration. Novel conductometric gas sensors were developed from the thin films of Au-NPs/NCNTs nanocomposites and evaluated towards H2 gas. Electron microscopy revealed that the Au-NPs were deposited homogeneously on the outer surface of the NCNTs. The average size of the Au-NPs is 5 nm when the applied potential is 10 V for 10 mins and 10 nm when the applied potential is 20 V for 10 mins. The sensors were exposed to different concentrations of H2 in synthetic air at room temperature. The highest sensitivity of 75% was measured towards 1% H2 when average size of Au-NPs on NCNTs is 5 nm.
ARS: Anonymous reputation system for vehicular ad hoc networks

Security mechanisms recommended by VANET standardization bodies are not sufficient to stop authorized vehicles from sending bogus or fake messages that in the worst cases could put people's life at risk. There are efforts in evaluating the behaviour of the vehicles in VANETs, based on reputation mechanisms. However, the most of them compromise the privacy, the messages are linkable and no anonymous. Our proposal ARS: Anonymous Reputation System for VANET focuses on a centralized reputation system privacy-preserving using pseudonyms and giving reputation level to different behavioral aspects of the vehicle. A reputation server collects feedback from the vehicles through a Road-Side Unit or vehicles with LTE/4G/5G connection and updates the vehicles reputation level by matching the pseudoidentities with its real identity. Considering the amount of negative feedback, ARS defines two security states to adapt the applications to the real security risk. We implement and evaluate the performance of ARS through a set of simulation experiments, based on an opportunistic message forwarding application. Results showed that the calculating reputation level of vehicles could help reduce the dissemination of fake messages.
Characterization of G protein‐coupled receptor 56 protein expression in the mouse developing neocortex

GPR56, one of the adhesion G‐protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex. Mutations in GPR56 cause a severe human cortical malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), characterized by a global malformation of the cerebral cortex that most severely affects the frontal and parietal regions. To characterize the expression pattern of GPR56 in the developing cerebral cortex, we developed a mouse monoclonal antibody against mouse GPR56. We revealed that GPR56 is expressed in multiple cell types in the preplate, marginal zone, subventricular zone (SVZ), and ventricular zone (VZ). Most interestingly, the expression of GPR56 in preplate neurons showed an anterior‐to‐posterior gradient at embryonic day (E) 10.5–11.5. In contrast, the expression pattern of the GPR56 ligand, collagen III, revealed no visible gradient pattern. With the widespread expression of GPR56 in the developing cortex, it is difficult to draw a specific conclusion as to which of the GPR56‐expressing cells are critical for human brain development. However, the correlation between GPR56 expression in neurons at E10.5–E11.5 and the anatomic distribution of the cortical malformation in both humans and mice suggests that its function in preplate neurons is indispensible. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2930–2940, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time interval between infective endocarditis first symptoms and diagnosis: relationship to infective endocarditis characteristics, microorganisms and prognosis

Abstract Objective: To analyze the characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) according to the time interval between IE first symptoms and diagnosis. Methods: Among the IE cases of a French population-based epidemiological survey, patients having early-diagnosed IE (diagnosis of IE within 1 month of first symptoms) were compared with those having late-diagnosed IE (diagnosis of IE more than 1 month after first symptoms). Results: Among the 486 definite-IE, 124 (25%) had late-diagnosed IE whereas others had early-diagnosed IE. Early-diagnosed IE were independently associated with female gender (OR = 1.8; 95% CI [1.0–3.0]), prosthetic valve (OR= 2.6; 95% CI [1.4–5.0]) and staphylococci as causative pathogen (OR = 3.7; 95% CI [2.2–6.2]). Cardiac surgery theoretical indication rates were not different between early and late-diagnosed IE (56.3% vs 58.9%), whereas valve surgery performance was lower in early-diagnosed IE (41% vs 53%; p = .03). In-hospital mortality rates were higher in early-diagnosed IE than in late-diagnosed IE (25.1% vs 16.1%; p < .001). Conclusions: The time interval between IE first symptoms and diagnosis is closely related to the IE clinical presentation, patient characteristics and causative microorganism. Better prognosis reported in late-diagnosed IE may be related to a higher rate of valvular surgery. KEY MESSAGES Infective endocarditis, which time interval between first symptoms and diagnosis was less than one month, were mainly due to Staphylococcus aureus in France. Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis were associated with septic shock, transient ischemic attack or stroke and higher mortality rates than infective endocarditis due to other bacteria or infective endocarditis, which time interval between first symptoms and diagnosis was more than one month. Infective endocarditis, which time interval between first symptoms and diagnosis was more than one month, were accounting for one quarter of all infective endocarditis in our study and were associated with vertebral osteomyelitis and a higher rate of cardiac surgery performed for hemodynamic indication than other infective endocarditis.
Dependability Assessment of SOA-Based CPS With Contracts and Model-Based Fault Injection

Engineering complex distributed systems is challenging. Recent solutions for the development of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in industry tend to rely on architectural designs based on service orientation, where the constituent components are deployed according to their service behavior and are to be understood as loosely coupled and mostly independent. In this paper, we develop a workflow that combines contract-based and CPS model-based specifications with service orientation, and analyze the resulting model using fault injection to assess the dependability of the systems. Compositionality principles based on the contract specification help us to make the analysis practical. The presented techniques are evaluated on two case studies.
Parsimonious mixtures of multivariate contaminated normal distributions

A mixture of multivariate contaminated normal distributions is developed for model‐based clustering. In addition to the parameters of the classical normal mixture, our contaminated mixture has, for each cluster, a parameter controlling the proportion of mild outliers and one specifying the degree of contamination. Crucially, these parameters do not have to be specified a priori, adding a flexibility to our approach. Parsimony is introduced via eigen‐decomposition of the component covariance matrices, and sufficient conditions for the identifiability of all the members of the resulting family are provided. An expectation‐conditional maximization algorithm is outlined for parameter estimation and various implementation issues are discussed. Using a large‐scale simulation study, the behavior of the proposed approach is investigated and comparison with well‐established finite mixtures is provided. The performance of this novel family of models is also illustrated on artificial and real data.
Primal-Dual Variable Neighborhood Search for the Simple Plant-Location Problem

The variable neighborhood search metaheuristic is applied to the primal simple plant-location problem and to a reduced dual obtained by exploiting the complementary slackness conditions. This leads to (i) heuristic resolution of (metric) instances with uniform fixed costs, up to n=15,000 users, and m=n potential locations for facilities with an error not exceeding 0.04%; (ii) exact solution of such instances with up to m=n=7,000; and (iii) exact solutions of instances with variable fixed costs and up to m=n=15,000.
Human ATP Binding Cassette ( ABC ) Transporters : A Phylogenetic Investigation

Till date the largest known family of transporters is ABC transporter superfamily. The genes that encode ABC genes are widely dispersed in genome and show a high degree of amino acid sequence identity among eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis has allowed the gene superfamily divided into seven subfamilies containing 49 members of proteins in human. Despite the immense amount of biochemical studies, and recent advances in the visualization of ABC transporters, answers to critical questions about their translocation mechanisms have remained elusive. Hence, genomic identification of these transporters will allow choosing correct molecule based on their genomic heterogeneity and mode of behavior in human. The full amino acid sequences of all known seven subfamilies of human ABC transporter proteins were retrieved from NCBI website. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using “Phylogeny.fr”. The topologies of the full (ABCB1) and half ABC (ABCG2) transporters were identified using TOPCONS consensus prediction. Secondary structures of full (ABCB1) and half (ABCG2) ABC transporters were also predicted by Protter. Our analysis showed that ABC proteins are a highly dynamic group that has undergone a significant diversification after the divergence of human species. High gene loss events were observed during the process of gene duplication and this resulted in a great variety of different subfamily of ABC proteins in human. A remarkable variation was observed in the members of the full-length transporters as compared to half-size transporters. The present study can be used for classifying human transporters from other individuals and for a further indepth characterization of members of these highly important groups.
Expanded Complex Networks and their Percolations

Given a complex network, its \emph{L-}paths correspond to sequences of $L+1$ distinct nodes connected through $L$ distinct edges. The \emph{L-}conditional expansion of a complex network can be obtained by connecting all its pairs of nodes which are linked through at least one \emph{L-}path, and the respective conditional \emph{L-}expansion of the original network is defined as the intersection between the original network and its \emph{L-}expansion. Such expansions are verified to act as filters enhancing the network connectivity, consequently contributing to the identification of communities in small-world models. It is shown in this paper for L=2 and 3, in both analytical and experimental fashion, that an evolving complex network with fixed number of nodes undergoes successive phase transitions -- the so-called \emph{L-}percolations, giving rise to Eulerian giant clusters. It is also shown that the critical values of such percolations are a function of the network size, and that the networks percolates for L=3 before L=2.
Driver intention recognition based on Continuous Hidden Markov Model

In order to make Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) work effectively, a driver intention recognition system is proposed. Continuous Hidden Markov Model is applied to recognize drivers' lane change maneuver. Subjects performed lane change maneuvers with driving simulator which simulated highway scenes, and various sensor data was collected simultaneously. A series of testings and comparisons were done to obtain the optimal model structure and feature set. Results show that, taking the steering wheel angel and the steering wheel angle velocity as the optimal observation signals, the accuracy can achieve up 80%.
Des données aux indices. À propos des procédures de découvertes dans le cadre d’une recherche sur la gestion du risque génétique de cancer

Cet article developpe un regard reflexif et retrospectif sur les procedures de decouverte dans l’analyse qualitative des donnees. Le cadre est une etude sur la gestion du risque genetique de cancer du sein/ovaire de la part de femmes avec la predisposition a la maladie. A partir d’exemples d’analyse, sont identifies et explicites les raisonnements qui sous-tendent et orientent la decouverte. Cinq processus sont mis en exergue : l’observation surprenante, l’adoption d’un principe general de sens, la formulation d’hypotheses, le developpement de nouvelles questions pour rechercher de nouveaux indices, la formulation d’enonces plausibles. Ces processus ne sont pas sequentiels, mais s’entremelent entre eux de maniere typiquement abductive.
A multi-agent genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search for resource investment project scheduling problems

In this paper, the multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA) is combined with the variable neighborhood search (VNS) to solve resource investment project scheduling problems (RIPSPs). An agent, coded by a valid activity list and a capacity list, represents a candidate solution to the RIPSPs. All agents live in a lattice-like environment, with each agent fixed on a lattice point. To increase energies, a series of operators, namely crossover, mutation, competition, self-learning and a VNS, are designed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through experiments on Möhring instances, synthetic instances and generated instances of J10, J14 and J20. The tests results are satisfactory.
Effective treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma by electrochemotherapy and intravenous bleomycin administration

The present prospective study was aimed at evaluating the long‐term efficacy of local electrochemotherapy (ECT) with the intravenous administration of bleomycin, on disease progression and viral activity in classic Kaposi's sarcoma (cKS), a vascular tumor related to human herpes virus‐8 infection. Eighteen patients affected by isolate or multiple cutaneous lesions, refractory to conventional treatments, although in the absence of visceral involvement, were enrolled in a study. Follow‐up visits were performed after 4 weeks and every 6 months for up to 48 months. A more extensive exploration of the immunologic status as well as of virological parameters was performed in nine patients. The results showed a significant clinical improvement in all patients after 4 weeks. A complete regression was observed in 12 patients after the first ECT, while four patients required a second treatment on the residual lesions after 4 weeks from the first intervention. The positive outcome persisted during the subsequent clinical control visits. Two patients, that showed rapidly evolving did not improve and relapsed despite a second round of ECT treatment. Effective treatment was associated with the reduction of viral load to undetectable levels. These data support the conduct of larger studies directed at validating the efficacy of ECT as a first‐line therapy for cKS.
Analytical Estimation of Rotor Loss Due to Stator Slotting of Synchronous PM Machines

In this paper, we analyze the rotor eddy currents losses provoqued by the stator slot harmonics developed in the permanent magnets or pole pieces of synchronous machines. An analytical approach is presented to evaluate the effect of slot ripples on rotor field and losses calculation. This analysis is then tested by 2D/3D finite element (FE) calculation on a mock model. The results show a good agreement on loss calculations when skin effect is negligible and the magnet is considered.
Model-based reinforcement learning approach for deformable linear object manipulation

Deformable Linear Object (DLO) manipulation has wide application in industry and in daily life. Conventionally, it is difficult for a robot to manipulate a DLO to achieve the target configuration due to the absence of the universal model that specifies the DLO regardless of the material and environment. Since the state variable of a DLO can be very high dimensional, identifying such a model may require a huge number of samples. Thus, model-based planning of DLO manipulation would be impractical and unreasonable. In this paper, we explore another approach based on reinforcement learning. To this end, our approach is to apply a sample-efficient model-based reinforcement learning method, so-called PILCO [1], to resolve the high dimensional planning problem of DLO manipulation with a reasonable number of samples. To investigate the effectiveness of our approach, we developed an experimental setup with a dual-arm industrial robot and multiple sensors. Then, we conducted experiments to show that our approach is efficient by performing a DLO manipulation task.
At Home with the Empire: At home with the Empire: the example of Ireland

The position of Ireland within the British Empire, especially after 1801 when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created, divides both Irish and non-Irish historians. From this date, the political relationship between Ireland and Britain became paradoxical, with Ireland being part of the imperial parliament, yet treated by that body as a subordinate partner within the United Kingdom. Despite the new legislative framework resulting from the Union, Ireland was regarded as a colony, moreover, a dangerous one, as the intermittent rebellions attested. The colonial association between Ireland and Britain was well established by the time of the Act of Union. It had originated in the twelfth century, although the whole country was not under English control until the early seventeenth century. Even before this time, there were attempts to control Ireland's political, economic and cultural traditions through a combination of military and legislative means and to segregate natives and settlers. From the thirteenth century, Ireland had possessed its own parliament, but after 1494 its policy-making had been subjugated to the English parliament. It was not until 1782 that the Irish parliament received limited legislative autonomy, although Catholics remained excluded. For some Irish nationalists, inspired by the revolutions in Colonial America and France, this concession was too little. An unsuccessful republican uprising in 1798 brought this phase of limited self-government to an end and precipitated the Act of Union.
Three‐stage model for robust real‐time face tracking

We propose a novel face tracking framework, the three‐stage model, for robust face tracking against interruptions from face‐like blobs. For robust face tracking in real‐time, we considered two critical factors in the construction of the proposed model. One factor is the exclusion of background information in the initialization of the target model, the extraction of the target candidate region, and the updating of the target model. The other factor is the robust estimation of face movement under various environmental conditions. The proposed three‐stage model consists of a preattentive stage, an assignment stage, and a postattentive stage with a prerecognition phase. The model is constructed by means of effective integration of optimum cues that are selected in consideration of the trade‐off between true positives and false positives of face classification based on a context‐dependant type of categorization. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking method improves the performance of the real‐time face tracking process in terms of success rates and with robustness against interruptions from face‐like blobs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 321–327, 2007