Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parents and Pediatricians Talk: Compliance-Gaining Strategies' Use During Well-Child Exams

This study examined transcripts of conversations between pediatricians and parents during well-child exams (N = 42). The purpose was to determine how pediatricians inform and motivate parents to attend well-child exams. In particular, pediatricians' use of verbal response modes and compliance-gaining strategies during well-child exams was evaluated. It was found that pediatricians rely on questions as a primary verbal mode to inform parents but utilize compliance-gaining strategies as an apparent method to motivate parents who report failure to comply with a usual parenting practice. Pediatricians do not use any pattern of verbal response mode or compliance-gaining strategies to inform and/or motivate parents to attend future well-child exams, and compliance-gaining strategies are not utilized as a method to reinforce appropriate parenting practices.
Reliability Generalization of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

The present study evaluated the reliability of scores from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a reliability generalization study. This reliability generalization had two primary goals: (a) to characterize the typical reliability of scores for the AUDIT, and (b) to examine factors that may be related to the reliability of AUDIT scores. The median internal consistency reliability across 24 samples was . 81, with a range of . 59 to . 91. Results suggest that the AUDIT is capable of generating generally reliable scores across some varied sample conditions. After controlling for score variability, no sample characteristic was a statistically significantly predictor of score reliability and effects were small. Only 17 of 104 empirical journal articles contained adequate psychometric information to be included in the present study.
An Integrative Model for Teaching Quantitative Research Design

Teaching quantitative research design continues to challenge management educators. Challenges arise because this research requires expertise in multiple design elements including theory development, measurement, and statistical analysis. Moreover, capable design necessitates the seamless integration of these separate elements with each other. To aid educators, this article proposes an integrative model for teaching quantitative research. The model specifically focuses on matching design elements and is delineated by exercises that teach integrative skills. The author also discusses the applicability of the model to executive learning wherein managers test their beliefs or theories-in-use.
An outbreak of calicivirus associated with consumption of frozen raspberries

In April 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among employees in a large company in Helsinki, Finland. A retrospective cohort study, using a self-administered questionnaire, was carried out to ascertain the cause and extent of the outbreak. To meet the case definition, employees had to have had diarrhoea and/or vomiting since 2 April, 1998. A subanalysis was made in the biggest office, consisting of 360 employees, of whom 204 (57%) completed the questionnaire. Of these 108 (53%) met the case definition. Employees who had eaten raspberry dressing were more likely to meet the case definition than those who had not (Attack Rate (AR) 65% versus AR 18% Relative Risk, (RR) 3·7, 95%, Confidence Intervals (CI) 2·0–6·7). Four stool specimens obtained from affected kitchen staff who had all eaten the raspberry dressing and who had all become ill simultaneously with the employees were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for calicivirus. The data suggest that the primary source of the outbreak was imported frozen raspberries contaminated by calicivirus.
End of the Conjugal Relationship, Gender and Domestic Tasks in Switzerland

Longitudinal analyses, which track particular individuals through time, are few, and look mainly at the evolution of the division of household tasks between partners. They emphasize the growth of the time that women devote to housework when the couple and the family form, but they do not say whether this phenomenon is reversible. Does the opposite occur at the end of the relationship? What is the pattern for men? Longitudinal analysis of the data of the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) shows that the end of conjugal relationships (due to separation or death) leads to a reduction of the time that women devote to housework, whereas it has little effect on men’s investment. A discussion of the various factors that may explain these results motivates us to nuance the explanatory range of the “doing gender” theory which is widely evoked in studies on the division of household tasks within couples. This theory seems more appropriate to explain the behaviour of women than that of men. The household involvement of the latter seems, indeed, to depend less on the people with whom they interact than on cultural factors such as normative references with regard to household task allocation and investment which are specific to each generation.
Use of Replication-Conditional Adenovirus as a Helper System to Enhance Delivery of P450 Prodrug-Activation Genes for Cancer Therapy

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene transfer sensitizes tumor xenografts to anticancer prodrugs such as cyclophosphamide (CPA) without a detectable increase in host toxicity. Optimal prodrug activation is achieved when a suitable P450 gene (e.g., human CYP2B6) is delivered in combination with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), which encodes the flavoenzyme P450 reductase. We sought to improve this gene therapy by coordinated delivery and expression of P450 and P450R on a single bicistronic vector using an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence. Retrovirus encoding a CYP2B6-IRES-P450R expression cassette was shown to induce strong P450-dependent CPA cytotoxicity in a population of infected 9L gliosarcoma cells. Adeno-P450, a replication-defective, E1/E3 region-deleted adenovirus engineered to express CYP2B6-IRES-P450R, induced intracellular CPA 4-hydroxylation, and CPA cytotoxicity, in a broad range of human cancer cell lines. However, limited Adeno-P450 gene transfer and CPA chemosensitization was seen with certain human tumor cells, notably PC-3 prostate and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Remarkable improvements could be obtained by coinfecting the tumor cells with Adeno-P450 in combination with Onyx-017, an E1b-55k gene-deleted adenovirus that selectively replicates in p53 pathway-deficient cells. Substantial increases in gene expression were observed during the early stages of viral infection, reflecting an apparent coamplification of the Adeno-P450 genome, followed by enhanced viral spread at later stages, as demonstrated in cultured tumor cells, and in A549 and PC-3 solid tumor xenografts grown in scid mice. This combination of the replication-defective Adeno-P450 with a replication-conditional and tumor cell-targeted helper adenovirus dramatically improved the low gene transfer observed with some human tumor cell lines and correspondingly increased tumor cell-catalyzed CPA 4-hydroxylation, CPA cytotoxicity, and in vivo antitumor activity in a PC-3 tumor xenograft model. The use of tumor-selective, replicating adenovirus to promote the spread of replication-defective gene therapy vectors, such as Adeno-P450, substantially increases the therapeutic potential of adenoviral delivery systems, and should lead to increased activity and enhanced tumor selectivity of cytochrome P450 and other gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies.
Exploring Competitive Advantage Of Social Networking Sites: A Business Model Perspective

In an empirical study, we explore success factors of electronic business models by comparing how the two professional social networking sites (SNS) LinkedIn and Xing have achieved competitive advantage. Using the grounded theory method and a resource-based perspective, our interpretative case study employs the business models of the respective organizations as units of analysis. The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) proposes to explain competitive advantage. Hence, our study aims at revealing success factors that lead to competitive advantage by grounding them with unique resources and capabilities encompassed by the business model as well as pioneering advantages. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies taking an organizational perspective instead of a user perspective on the growth and success of social networking sites. Surprisingly, our results indicate that even in a digitized and globalized world where location didn’t seem to matter anymore, location is still one of the major drivers for a successful social networking business. It is strongly linked with management resources and funding opportunities that enable different types of growth strategies for such digital start-ups.
Dimensions of Fathers' and Mothers' Supportive Behavior: The Case for Physical Affection

Past research has described parental support as unidimensional and ignored physical affection, both conceptually and operationally. In the present study, factor analysis of 527 college students reveals four separate dimensions of parental support: general support, physical affection, companionship, and sustained contact. Fathers are shown to differentiate their expression of physical affection and sustained contact on the basis of the sex of the child, with more to daughters than sons. Both parents express more companionship to the same-sex child. Regression analysis reveals that daughters' self-esteem is best predicted by mothers' general support and fathers' physical affection. Sons' self-esteem is best predicted by mothers' companionship and fathers' sustained contact.
Evidence for a role of the N‐terminal domain in subcellular localization of the neuronal connexin36 (Cx36)

The expression and functional properties of connexin36 (Cx36) have been investigated in two neuroblastoma cell lines (Neuro2A, RT4‐AC) and primary hippocampal neurons transfected with a Cx36‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector. Transfected cells express Cx36‐EGFP mRNA, and Cx36‐EGFP protein is localized in the perinuclear area and cell membrane. Upon differentiation of cell lines, Cx36‐EGFP protein was detectable in processes with both axonal and dendritic characteristics. Small gap junction plaques were found between adjacent cells, and electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that the electrical properties of these gap junctions were virtually indistinguishable from those reported for native Cx36. Mutagenesis of Cx36 led to the identification of a structural element that interferes with normal protein localization. In contrast, site directed mutagenesis of putative protein phosphorylation motifs did not alter subcellular localization. This excludes phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as a major regulatory step in Cx36 protein transport. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of COFDM using turbo codes

In this paper, we discuss and present simulation results for the performances of COFDM systems using turbo codes and operating in a mobile radio environment. Results show that the echo power has a much stronger influence than the guard time interval or echo delay. This scheme is shown to be an excellent solution for transmission over bandlimited mobile channels.
PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A REVIEW

This review summarizes literature dealing with child-rearing practices that influence cognitive development. The 3 major aspects of the literature considered are: (1) studies that attempt to relate measures of the child's cognitive ability to particular parental rearing practices, (2) rearing practices characteristic of various social class levels as related to cognitive performance of children from those social classes, and (3) experimental attempts to enhance cognitive skills in the very young child by specialized training techniques. Despite increasing interest in this area, systematic research concerned with specific rearing practices as they affect particular cognitive skills is only beginning to become available.
Distribution of a splice variant of choline acetyltransferase in the trigeminal ganglion and brainstem of the rat: Comparison with calcitonin gene‐related peptide and substance P

Rat trigeminal ganglion neurons have been shown to contain a splice variant of choline acetyltransferase (pChAT). Here we report the distribution pattern of pChAT‐containing afferents from the trigeminal ganglion to the brainstem, compared with that of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), by use of the immunohistochemical techniques in the rat. Most of CGRP+ SP+ ganglion cells contain pChAT, whereas half of the pChAT+ ganglion cells possess neither CGRP nor SP. In the brainstem, pChAT+ nerve fibers are found exclusively in the trigeminal and solitary systems, although the distribution pattern differs from that of CGRP+ or SP+ fibers. First, the ventral portion of the principal sensory nucleus contains many pChAT+ fibers, with few CGRP+ or SP+ fibers. Because this portion receives projections of nociceptive corneal afferents, a subpopulation of pChAT+ CGRP− SP− primary afferents is most probably nonpeptidergic nociceptors innervating the cornea. Second, the superficial laminae of the medullary dorsal horn, the main target of nociceptive afferents, contain dense CGRP+ and SP+ fibers but sparse pChAT+ fibers. Because pChAT occurs in most CGRP+ SP+ ganglion cells, such sparseness of pChAT+ fibers implies poor transportation of pChAT to axon branchlets. Another important finding is that pChAT+ axons are smooth and nonvaricose, whereas CGRP+ or SP+ fibers possess numerous varicosities. Our confocal microscopy suggests colocalization of these three markers in the same single axons in some brainstem regions. The difference in morphological appearance, nonvaricose or varicose, appears to reflect the difference in intraaxonal distribution between pChAT and CGRP or SP. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:436–448, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring correlated electron dynamics with time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Time-resolved photoemission experiments can reveal fascinating quantum dynamics of correlated electrons. However, the thermalization of the electronic system is typically so fast that very short probe pulses are necessary to resolve the time evolution of the quantum state, and this leads to poor energy resolution due to the energy-time uncertainty relation. Although the photoemission intensity can be calculated from the nonequilibrium electronic Green functions, the converse procedure is therefore difficult. We analyze a hypothetical time-resolved photoemission experiment on a correlated electronic system, described by the Falicov-Kimball model in dynamical mean-field theory, which relaxes between metallic and insulating phases. We find that the real-time Green function which describes the transient behavior during the buildup of the metallic state cannot be determined directly from the photoemission signal. On the other hand, the characteristic collapse-and-revival oscillations of an excited Mott insulator can be observed as oscillating weight in the center of the Mott gap in the time-dependent photoemission spectrum.
Tutor feedback on draft essays: developing students’ academic writing and subject knowledge

Providing feedback on draft essays is an accepted means of enacting a social-constructivist approach to assessment, aligning with current views on the value of formative feedback and assessment for learning (AFL). However, the use of this process as a means of improving not only content but also students' academic writing skills has not been widely studied, despite a widespread perception that there is scope for intervention at university level. This article explores the developmental potential of a drafting/tutor feedback/redrafting process on a first-year undergraduate course for trainee English language teachers at a UK university. The aims of this small-scale, largely qualitative study were to ascertain students' perceptions of the process and to determine the extent to which the process could contribute to the development of students' academic writing. Data are derived from first and second draft essay marks and questionnaires administered to 32 students. Findings suggest that feedback on drafts is acted on and can contribute to improved work when it is timely and detailed and when it raises students' metacognitive awareness, as was the case in this project. Also noteworthy, however, are the students' perceptions that redrafting is cognitively challenging and time-consuming. Comments from a less academically confident student with regard to the quantity of feedback and its detrimental impact are of particular concern. Questions are raised regarding the use of tutor reformulation, the sustainability of AFL and the provision of feedback to – and its interpretation by – weaker students. Finally, some key indicators for improved future practice are presented.
Depth of Central Venous Catheter Insertion in Adults: An Audit and Assessment of a Technique to Improve Tip Position

A technique of subclavian vein catheterization is described, tailored to the individual patient, to reduce the risk of right atrial placement with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Using data gathered retrospectively for Quality Improvement purposes, CVC tip location was assessed. The standard technique used in our cardiac anaesthesia unit at that time was to insert all CVCs to a depth of 15 cm from the skin. We then compared CVC tip location using a new “tailored” technique. The tailored method involved measuring the distance from the skin at which venepuncture occurred and using this distance to determine depth of CVC insertion. Using the tailored technique significantly decreases the frequency with which CVC tips enter the right atrium (P<0.001). An advantage of the tailored technique is that the distance between the most proximal and the distal ports of multi-lumen CVCs is taken into consideration, reducing the risk of extravasation via the proximal port.
Test of Poisson-Nernst-Planck Theory in Ion Channels

The recent Perspectives on Ion Permeation have brought the debate about the applicability of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory in ion channels to a sharp focus. Despite the differences in opinion, all sides of the debate agree that the mean field approximation in PNP theory needs to be checked by comparison with a more accurate theory; e.g., Brownian dynamics (BD). Clearly, for such a test to be meaningful it has to be carried out in a three-dimensional (3-D) channel. We have been performing 3-D BD simulations in ion channels for the last few years (Li et al. and have been aware of the differences between the two theories. Therefore, we would like to contribute to the debate by providing a simple test of the PNP theory in a cylindrical channel, which appears to be the most common geometry used in applications of PNP. Due to space limitations, we will not elaborate on either theory, but refer to Chung et al. (1998, 1999) for details of 3-D BD simulations, and Kurnikova et al. (1999) for 3-D–PNP calculations. Reviews of the 1-D BD and PNP can be found, respectively, in Cooper et al. (1985) and Eisenberg (1996). We have written a code similar to the one in Kurnikova et al. (1999) for solving the PNP equations in 3-D. As a control study, the PNP and BD calculations are compared in bulk conditions, and are found to yield the same results for flux and concentration within the computational errors. A cross section of the channel shape used is shown in Fig. 1 (top). The rounding of corners is required due to the difficulty of solving Poisson's equation with sharp corners. A reservoir with radius 30 Å and variable length is added on both ends of the channel. The length is adjusted so as to keep the concentration fixed at 300 mM when the channel radius is varied. In BD simulations, this concentration is represented by 12 Na ϩ and 12 Cl Ϫ ions in each reservoir. The reason for using a larger value than the physiological range (150 mM) is entirely statistical. Otherwise, almost identical results are obtained for conductance and concentration at 150 mM, once they are normalized to 300 mM. The applied potential in BD is represented with a uniform electric field of E ϭ 10 7 V/m. The potential difference between the top and bottom boundaries is determined from the potential …
The mental health consequences of dealing with self-inflicted death in custody

The impact of dealing with a death in custody was explored in 49 prison officers who had dealt with such an event in the period 3–7 months prior to the study. A 36.7% incidence rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was identified. Optimism, avoidance problem solving style, prior experience of suicide and level of involvement in the incident were direct mediators of the impact of the event for the total sample, while perceived control, emotional support and other aspect of problem-solving style had an indirect effect. Separate analysis of the PTSD and non-PTSD groups showed that the only mediator for the PTSD group was prior experience. For the non-PTSD group a range of variables mediated the impact. It is argued that this provides a case for preventive rather than treatment interventions.
Papierbasierte oder internetbasierte Skalen zur Erfassung von Motivation (SELLMO) und Selbstkonzept (SESSKO)

Die vorliegende Studie pruft die psychometrischen Eigenschaften und die Faktorenstruktur einer internetbasierten Version der Skalen zur Erfassung der Lern- und Leistungsmotivation (SELLMO) und der Skalen zur Erfassung des akademischen (schulischen) Selbstkonzepts (SESSKO) im Vergleich zu der papierbasierten Version. Daruber hinaus wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Version (papier-/internetbasiert) eine hohere Rucklaufquote aufweist. Die beiden Instrumente bearbeiteten 810 Studierende des Lehramts je nach Anfangsbuchstaben des Nachnamens papierbasiert (A bis L) oder internetbasiert (M bis Z). Die Rucklaufquote internetbasierter Fragebogen fallt bedeutend hoher aus als papierbasiert. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass die papier- und internetbasierten Fragebogenversionen vergleichbare psychometrische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Zudem konnte die in den Handanweisungen beschriebene Faktorenstruktur beider Instrumente repliziert werden.