Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistische Methoden zur Auswertung von Strassenzustandsdaten

Fuer die Bestimmung effizienter Erhaltungsmethoden in Pavement-Management-Systemen (PMS) ist das Wissen um die Veraenderung erhaltungsrelevanter Zustandsmerkmale von zentraler Bedeutung. Nur mit diesem Wissen kann die Sinnhaftigheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit verschiedener Massnahmen abgeschaetzt werden. Veraenderungen von Zustandsmerkmalen abzuschaetzen, ist Ziel einer Vielzahl von empirischen und analytischen Untersuchungen. In den meisten Faellen erfordern analytische Ansaetze eine fuer das PMS nicht sinnvoll realisierbare Datenvielfalt. Bei empirischen Untersuchungen werden hingegen meist Regressionsansaetze verwendet, um Zustandsveraenderungen ausgehend von bereits erhobenen Daten abzuschaetzen. Da die vorhandenen Daten haeufig inhomogen sind und oft nur eine geringe Anzahl von Datensaetzen vorliegen, bringen konventionelle statistische Verfahren vielfach nicht den gewuenschten Erfolg. Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsauftrages war es deshalb, mit Hilfe der Methoden der Bayes-Statistik einfache, praktikable Modelle zur Prognose der Zustandsmerkmale von Strassenbefestigungen zu entwickeln. Dabei wird einleitend der theoretische Hintergrund ausfuehrlich erlaeutert. Im Anschluss daran werden Auswertungen aller derzeit in Oesterreich verfuegbaren Datenquellen durchgefuehrt und Ergebnisse fuer ausgewaehlte Zustandsmerkmale praesentiert. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit gliedert sich in strassenbautechnische und mathematische Grundlagen. Im strassenbautechnischen Teil werden die massgebenden Einflussparameter ausfuehrlich diskutiert und Kenngroessen wie Verkehrsbelastung oder strukturelle Kennzahl abgeleitet. Zudem geht dieser Teil des Berichtes auf die Zustandsmerkmale Risse, Oberflaechenschaeden und Spurrinnen ein und stellt Modelle aus internationalen Forschungsarbeiten vor. Das Merkmal Unebenheiten wurde nicht in den Bericht aufgenommen, da hier grundlegende Veraenderungen im Messverfahren bevorstehen. Im mathematischen Teil werden alle Grundlagen vorgestellt, welche fuer ein Verstaendnis der angewandten Methoden der Bayes-Statistik unbedingt erforderlich sind. Des Weiteren enthaelt dieser Teil eine Einfuehrung in die Theorie der Markoff-Ketten, welche einen fundierten Einblick in die stochastische Modellbildung gibt. Ein neu entwickeltes Software-Tool bietet die Moeglichkeit, Uebergangswahrscheinlichkeiten zu schaetzen. Im dritten Teil des Schlussberichtes werden die ausgewerteten Datenquellen vorgestellt: Zustandserfassung 1995, oesterreichische SHRP-Daten und Daten aus einer Expertenbefragung. Ein weiteres Kapitel stellt die verwendeten Berechnungsalgorithmen zusammenfassend dar und zeigt auf, in welcher Weise neue Daten in die bestehenden Modelle einbezogen werden koennen. Den Abschluss der Arbeit stellt die eigentliche Datenauswertung dar. Hier werden die abgeleiteten Modelle zusammenfassend darstellt. Im Anhang A werden alle fuer das Verstaendnis notwendigen allgemeinen Grundlagen der Statistik und Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung erlaeutert, die es weitestgehend ermoeglichen, auf Primaerliteratur zu verzichten. Anhang B enthaelt ein mathematisches Symbolverzeichnis. (A)
Rethinking Mobile Money Security for Developing Regions

Throughout the developing world, countless people live without access to basic financial services, and physical banking infrastructure is often inaccessible. These constraints have led to the rise of mobile money, or branchless banking, systems that offer financial services to people who may not have access to conventional banks. Despite their utility, these services do not always integrate strong computer security principles into their designs. In this work, we explicitly delineate security and functionality goals for these systems, and we explore new directions for secure branchless banking towards achieving these goals in the context of unique developing world challenges. We introduce Braavos, a mobile money system that meets these goals by combining existing primitives in novel ways (namely cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, secure hardware, and data-over-audio communication). In addition to securely providing common branchless banking functionality, our approach enables new functionality such as secure offline transactions. We ground our exploration in a concrete architecture and prototype implementation.
Biofilm accumulation and structure in the flow path of drip emitters using reclaimed wastewater

Biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems that distribute reclaimed wastewater. Two types of drip emitters were evaluated for use with reclaimed wastewater. Microbial biofilm accumulations, including proteins, polysaccharides, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), were tested to determine the biofilm development and diversity in the emitter flow path. The microbial biofilm structure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed rapid growth of the biofilm and accumulated sediments that led to eventual reduction of emitter discharge, and the biofilm played an inducing role in the clogging process. Biomass growth in the emitter flow path fluctuated as biomass was scoured off the surface areas. The scoured sediment tended to accumulate and clog the outlets or other emitter parts. Microphotographs revealed microparticles in the biofilm matrix coupling with extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and showed the biofilm attachment process that would initiate clogging in the emitter flow path. The particle size of the clogging sediment can be very small, and filtration alone was not an effective treatment to control emitter clogging. This study provides some suggestions for control of clogging, and it may provide a framework for future investigations into the role of biofilms in the clogging of drip emitters that distribute reclaimed wastewater.
New megastigmane glycoside and alkaloids from Streptomyces sp. YIM 63342

New sesquiterpene glycoside, cyclodipeptide and piperidine derivative were isolated from Streptomyces sp. YIM 63342. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were determined as 3R, 5R, 6S, 7E, 9R-megastigman-7-en-3,5,6,9-tetrol-9-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), cyclo (L-Pro-L-OMet) (2) and (R)-(E, E)-2-(l,3-pentadienyl) piperidine (3), together with three known compounds as N-acetyltyramine (4), lycoperodine-1 (5), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)(6).
Improved haptic rendering through tuning the mechanical impedance of human arm

Haptic rendering provides users with the senses of touch during their interacting with the simulated objects in virtual environment. The maximum achievable object stiffness is critical for realistic haptic rendering of rigid objects, and is constrained by several inevitable ”non-idealities” in the haptic system as well as the behavior of the human operator, i.e. the mechanical impedance of human arm. By superimposing a position-based force field over traditional haptic feedback, a new impedance tuning (IT) simulation strategy is proposed, which aims to improve haptic system's stability and performance. Based on Delta Haptic Device, comparison experiment is carried out with six individual subjects, and proves the validity of our proposed method.
Recognition by family members that relatives with neurodegenerative disease are likely to die within a year: A meta-ethnography

Objective: To synthesize evidence of family members recognizing that their relative is likely to die within the year, and identifying the need for palliative care. Design: A meta-ethnography of studies of family members in multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and motor neuron disease (MND). Review methods: Systematic search in electronic databases; thematic synthesis guided by the principles of meta-ethnography, which is a method for thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Results: Nine articles were included. The results of the synthesis identified two key themes. First, family members are intimately aware of changes in their relative’s health and well-being. Sub-themes include family member awareness of different and progressive stages of the disease, noticing deterioration, noticing decline in functional abilities and recognizing that their relative will die. The second key theme is dilemmas of being involved in prognostication. Sub-themes include family member ambivalence toward hearing about prognostication, health professionals not being knowledgeable of the disease and family reluctance to receive palliative care. Conclusions: Family members monitor and recognize changes in their relative with PD, MND and MS and in themselves. Thus, drawing on the expertise of family members may be a useful tool for prognostication.
PERSEPSI PENGUSAHA UMKM TERHADAP PERAN BANK SYARIAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi pengusaha UMKM terhadap bank syariah dalam mendukung kegiatan usaha mereka. Keberadaan perbankan syariah seharusnya menjadi solusi dari kebutuhan keuangan dari pengusaha sektor UMKM dikarenakan tujuan bank syariah adalah mewujudkan masyarakat yang madani dan sejahtera. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang didukung oleh data primer. Adapun sampel penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah 72 UMKM Binaan Pasar Malam Akbar Kemayoran. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 18 UMKM yang menjadi nasabah bank syariah. Adapun alasan mereka tidak menggunakan jasa bank Syariah adalah 37% pelaku UMKM kesulitan mencari lokasi Bank Syariah, 28% kurangnya promosi dari bank Syariah kepada pelaku UMKM, 22% pelaku UMKM tidak paham produk dari perbankan Syariah dan 12% produk perbankan Syariah yang kurang variatif.
Bivariate estimation of distribution algorithms for protein structure prediction.

A real-valued bivariate ‘Estimation of Distribution Algorithm’ specific for the ab initio and full-atom Protein Structure Prediction problem is proposed. It is known that this is a multidimensional and multimodal problem. In order to deal with the multimodality and the correlation of dihedral angles φ and ψ, we developed approaches based on Kernel Density Estimation and Finite Gaussian Mixtures. Simulation results have shown that both techniques are promising when applied to that problem.
Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal in the rubella virus E1 glycoprotein

Rubella virus contains three structural proteins, capsid, E2, and E1. E2 and E1 are type I membrane glycoproteins that form a heterodimer in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before they are transported to and retained in the Golgi complex, where virus assembly occurs. The bulk of unassembled E2 and E1 subunits are not transported to the Golgi complex. We have recently shown that E2 contains a Golgi-targeting signal that mediates retention of the E2-E1 complex (T. C. Hobman, L. Woodward, and M. G. Farquhar, Mol. Biol. Cell 6:7-20, 1995). The focus of this study was to determine if E1 glycoprotein also contains intracellular targeting information. We constructed a series of chimeric reporter proteins by fusing domains from E1 to the ectodomains of two other type I membrane proteins which are normally transported to the cell surface, vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (G) and CD8. Fusion of the E1 transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions, but not analogous domains from two control membrane proteins, to the ectodomains of G and CD8 proteins caused the resulting chimeras to be retained in the ER. Association of the ER-retained chimeras with known ER chaperone proteins was not detected. ER localization required both the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of E1, since neither of these domains alone was sufficient to retain the reporter proteins. Increasing the length of the E1 cytoplasmic domain by 10 amino acids completely abrogated ER retention. This finding also indicated that the chimeras were not retained as a result of misfolding. In summary, we have identified a new type of ER retention signal that may function to prevent unassembled E1 subunits and/or immature E2-E1 dimers from reaching the Golgi complex, where they could interfere with viral assembly. Accordingly, assembly of E2 and E1 would mask the signal, thereby allowing transport of the heterodimer from the ER.
HIV‐1 NAT minipool during the pre‐seroconversion window period: detection of a repeat blood donor

Background The introduction of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) for screening pooled or individual donations remarkably improved the safety of blood products. The size of mini‐pooled NAT is considered critical for identification of HIV‐1 infected donors during preseroconversion phase of infection. We describe a case of HIV‐1 infection in a serologically negative repeat blood donor identified by 16 minipool (MP) NAT.
Big data language model of contemporary polish

Based on big data training we provide 5-gram language models of contemporary Polish which are based on the Common Crawl corpus (which is a compilation of more than 9,000,000,000 pages from across the web) and other resources. We prove that our model is better than the Google WEB1T n-gram counts and assures better quality in terms of perplexity and machine translation. The model includes lower-counting entries and also de-duplication in order to lessen boilerplate. We also provide POS tagged version of raw corpus and raw corpus itself. We also provide dictionary of contemporary Polish. By maintaining singletons, Kneser-Ney smoothing in SRILM toolkit was used in order to construct big data language models. In this research, it is detailed exactly how the corpus was obtained and pre-processed, with a prominence on issues which surface when working with information on this scale. We train the language model and finally present advances of BLEU score in MT and perplexity values, through the utilization of our model.
Construction and Consequences of Directed Mutations Affecting the Hemin Receptor in Pathogenic CorynebacteriumSpecies

ABSTRACT Genes encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter system involved in hemin iron utilization from Corynebacterium ulceranswere cloned and characterized. The genes are homologous to a hemin transport system previously identified in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Disruption of the hmuT gene, which encodes the putative hemin receptor, resulted in greatly reduced ability of C. ulcerans to use hemin or hemoglobin as an iron source. Inactivation of hmuT in C. diphtheriae by site-specific recombination had no effect on hemin utilization, which suggests that C. diphtheriae has an additional system for transporting hemin.
PROMOTION STRATEGY BY PALU CITY GOVERNMENT TO PULLING INVESTORS INTEREST IN PALU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

SEZ (Special Economic Zone) is one of the government's policy programs in national development planning. Reliable and excellent business and investment activities are the main objectives of the Special Economic Zone policy. Promotion strategy in attracting investors interest continue to be enhanced by Palu City Government. The purpose of this research is to know the efforts made by Palu City Government in pushing Palu Special Economic Zone to potential investors. The method used is qualitative method with case study approach. The results of this study indicate the interest to attract investors to do personal selling done by direct communication between the Government of Palu City and Central Sulawesi Provincial Government with potential investors. Finally constructed suggestions for the strategy of promotion of Special Economic Zones to attract potential investors to invest in Special Economic Zones.The contribution of this research is to provide insight on personal selling with potential investors done by the government of Palu and the Central Sulawesi province.
Fish to 2050 in the ASEAN region

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has emerged as a global fish producer, owing to the rapid growth of aquaculture in Southeast Asia and its large offshore fishing fleet. Fish is a regional commodity that is traded globally, and this region is at the frontline of the global trend toward meeting seafood demand by 2050. Fisheries and aquaculture are increasingly becoming a primary source of protein and micronutrients, foreign exchange, livelihoods and well-being for the population in the region. Therefore, it is imperative for ASEAN decision-makers to enhance policies nationally and regionally to maximize the synergies between socioeconomic development and protecting natural resources and the environment in the region. This paper presents a baseline (business-as-usual) projection of fish supply, net trade, consumption and nutritionin the ASEAN region to 2050.
Value Conceptsand Value Creation Model in Integrated Reporting

This paper is devoted to the analysis of value concepts and theories that provided the basis for the integrated reporting development, their implementation, and disclosure in integrated reporting practice. It is widely accepted that traditional financial reporting no longer meets the needs of its users - the analysis of historical financial information is backwards-looking, the emphasis on financial capital is not any more relevant for every company due to the involvement of other capitals that more significantly contribute to the company’s success. Integrated reporting is meant to bridge this reporting gap. The paper also provides a high-level overview of current progress in integrated reporting adoption on the international level.
Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Rat Liver Allografts Developed Acute Rejection

Background: Acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation is a cell-mediated immune response that takes place within the allograft and results in graft dysfunction and failure, but the molecular mechanisms about hepatocyte dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here we characterized global protein expression changes in liver allograft during AR. Methods: The effect of an alloantigen-dependent immunological response was evaluated by syngeneic and allogeneic rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 18 differentially expressed proteins in AR allograft compared with matched tolerance allograft. Serum chemistry and allograft histology were determined. Results: Allogeneic OLT recipients exhibited elevated plasma levels of liver injury markers, progressive portal and venous inflammation and cellular infiltration in liver allograft compared with syngeneic OLT. 18 protein expressions altered by AR play important roles in metabolism, oxidative stress defense, signal transduction, biotransformation and transport. Decreased expression of protein disulfide isomerase in AR allograft was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: This study uncovered new mechanistic insights into graft dysfunction in AR of liver allograft. Several significantly altered protein expressions act coordinately in hepatocyte dysfunction by depressed energy, enhanced oxidative stress-induced molecular damage and restrained biotransformation. The present findings may open new avenues for the understanding and prevention of graft dysfunction and failure during AR.
Attending to the importance of context: Trust as a process in global microfinance

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that trust is often not a given but grows over time, in a process including various steps of trust-building. In a similar and interrelated vein, the context within which trust emerges is not a given but is continuously processed by the actors involved. The paper explores this understudied research area, namely actors’ continuous efforts in shaping the context of (their) trust (in others), and identifies three basic patterns of contextualisation. These are developed from empirical findings from the case of global microfinance. In particular, fund managers’ various trust strategies and associated contextualisation practices, which help them to determine the trustworthiness of a potential or already existing investee, are investigated. Against this backdrop, the paper confirms, refines and extends existing process theories of trust and, in particular, existing research into ‘active trust’. A key contribution consists of a new concept of active trust, for which the term ‘synthesised trustworthiness’ is coined.
DNA adducts formed from the probable proximate carcinogen, N-hydroxy-3,2' -dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, by acid catalysis or S-acetyl coenzyme A-dependent enzymatic esterification.

The arylamine carcinogen 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMABP) has been proposed to be metabolically activated to DNA-binding derivatives through the formation of an N-hydroxy intermediate. In this study, the subsequent activation of N-hydroxy-DMABP through acid catalysis or enzymatic esterification was examined. [Ring-3H]N-hydroxy-DMABP was reacted with calf thymus DNA at pH 4.6 for 15 min to yield 370 arylamine residues per 10(6) nucleotides, while at pH 7.4 the binding was only two residues per 10(6) nucleotides. The DNA modified under acidic conditions was enzymatically hydrolyzed and analyzed by h.p.l.c. which indicated the presence of three major adducts. The products were identified by spectral and chemical properties as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-DMABP (60-70%), 5-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-DMABP (2-3%) and N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-DMABP (1-3%). The same adducts have previously been detected in the liver and colon of rats administered DMABP or its hydroxamic acid. Incubation of rat hepatic or intestinal cytosol at pH 7.4 for 15 min with [ring-3H]N-hydroxy-DMABP in the presence of S-acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) and calf thymus DNA resulted in DNA binding at levels of 30-80 arylamine residues per 10(6) nucleotides. H.p.l.c. analysis of the DNA modified in the presence of AcCoA indicated the formation of the same adducts detected in the acid-catalyzed reactions. When arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase assays were conducted with rat liver cytosol and N-acetyl-N-hydroxy-DMABP as the substrate, binding to nucleic acids was not observed. Similarly, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-dependent sulfotransferase-mediated DNA binding could not be demonstrated. These data indicate that in a suitable acidic environment, N-hydroxy-DMABP will react with DNA to yield the same adducts found in vivo. Under neutral conditions, however, N-hydroxy-DMABP appears to undergo AcCoA-dependent transacetylation to an electrophilic acetoxy ester which will spontaneously react with DNA.
Analysis and visualization of airport network to strengthen the economy

The world’s eminent airports are directly or indirectly connected to many other airports. Every airport is considered as a node and the route can be considered as edge connecting them. The work analyzes the USA airport network using different centrality measures of social network analysis. The centrality measures calculated on airport network help in identiﬁcation of certain characteristics of the airports. Some of the characteristics are like the busiest airport and the airports which inﬂuence trade, alternate path, fastest route, nearest airports, etc. The characteristics helps to find the designated airports meant for improving the economy. The results of this paper say about the prominent communication and connections among the airports in the U.S.A. The tools used for the analysis are UCINET 6 and NetDraw.