Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Access Interoperability in the IBM Database Family

Business enterprises, and society in general, are becoming increasingly dependent on computer systems. As a result, we are now awash in a sea of data—data of all shapes and izes—making heterogeneous data management a tremendously relevant challenge today. Moreover, th problem of data heterogeneity is itself varied, with different applications posing a variety of requirements. S ome applications need to access and/or manage data in several, possibly many, different database systems—some w ith different data models. Other applications need to access and/or manage external data, e.g., data stored in file systems or other specialized data repositories, together with data sets residing in one or more databases. Still other applications need to compose business objects from a combination of legacy data and legacy transactions (e.g., t ravel reservation systems) provided by multiple legacy database management systems. Of course, the systems that co ntain all this data differ in many ways—they have different data access languages and APIs, different search c pabilities, different integrity guarantees, different data types (and even type systems), and so on. In this paper, we provide a brief and necessarily incomplete overview of what IBM is doing to address some of the aforementioned challenges. In particular, we descri be how IBM’s DB2 Universal Database product family is responding to these challenges in order to provide heterogeneous data access capabilities to DB2 customers. To address the problem of accessing and managing data across multiple databases and database systems, the DB2 family includesDataJoinertechnology; this technology provides transparent SQL-bas ed access to legacy data that may be managed by any of a number of vendors’ database sys tems. To address problems related to external data access and management, the DB2 family offers several re levant technologies; these include Table Functions for customized user-defined access to external data, DataLinksfor keeping file system data in synch with database data, and variousExtendersfor managing new types of data such as text, imagery, and spat ial d ta. To more naturally model new data being brought into the system, and t o extend the performance and transparency benefits of the DataJoiner technology to cover a broader range of sour ces, these systems are being extended with new Object-Relationalcapabilities and with support for Wrappers. In the remainder of this paper, we provide more information a bout each of the DB2 extensions mentioned above. We explain what each of the extensions is about, summa rizing the capabilities that DB2 currently provides, or will soon provide, in each area. Readers with an int erest in the related area of composing business objects from legacy transactions as well as data are encouraged to lo ok at theComponent Broker technology [IBM98] that IBM is developing to address that problem.
Determining the response of sea level to atmospheric pressure forcing using TOPEX/POSEIDON data

The static response of sea level to the forcing of atmospheric pressure, the so-called inverted barometer (IB) effect, is investigated using TOPEX/POSEIDON data. This response, characterized by the rise and fall of sea level to compensate for the change of atmospheric pressure at a rate of −1 cm/mbar, is not associated with any ocean currents and hence is normally treated as an error to be removed from sea level observation. Linear regression and spectral transfer function analyses are applied to sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the IB effect. In regions outside the tropics, the regression coefficient is found to be consistently close to the theoretical value except for the regions of western boundary currents, where the mesoscale variability interferes with the IB effect. The spectral transfer function shows near IB response at periods from 20 to 300 days. The regression coefficient averaged over the regions poleward of 30 degrees is −0.84±0.29 cm/mbar (1 standard deviation). The deviation from −1 cm/mbar is shown to be caused primarily by the effect of wind forcing on sea level, based on a multivariate linear regression model involving both pressure and wind forcing. The regression coefficient for pressure resulting from the multivariate analysis is −0.96±0.32 cm/mbar. In the tropics the multivariate analysis fails because sea level in the tropics is primarily responding to remote wind forcing. However, after removing from the data the wind-forced sea level estimated by a dynamic model of the tropical Pacific, the pressure regression coefficient improves from −1.22±0.69 cm/mbar to −0.99±0.46 cm/mbar, clearly revealing an IB response. The result of the study suggests that with a proper removal of the effect of wind forcing the IB effect is valid in most of the open ocean at periods longer than 20 days and spatial scales larger than 500 km.
Actions taken to cope with depressed mood: The role of personality traits

It is still largely unknown which actions people take to improve their mood when they feel they are getting depressed. Using the five-factor model of personality, we explore coping actions in a population of older adults in residential homes in relation to personality traits. A total of 350 non-cognitively impaired inhabitants of residential homes in the Netherlands participated in this study (mean age 85 years). They indicated which of 22 actions to cope with depression they had used in the past three months, and which of these they considered to be helpful in reducing depression. Other measures included the NEO-FFI, CES-D and MINI. Almost 60% of all subjects had used one or more actions to reduce depression in the past three months, and almost 90% considered one or more actions to be helpful in reducing depression. People scoring high on neuroticism had used more coping actions, including relaxing, eating chocolate, praying, seeking professional help, engaging in more pleasant activities, and talking to friends and relatives. People scoring high on openness considered many of the actions to be helpful. We conclude that actions taken to cope with depression and their helpfulness differ considerably for subjects with differing personality traits.
Throughput optimization for interleaved repeater-inserted interconnects in VLSI design

This paper presents analytical modeling and closed-form derivations for the throughput of interleaved repeater-inserted resistive-capacitive global interconnects in VLSI design. We have used interleaved buffer insertion technique which has been well-accepted to be dominated in minimization of crosstalk effects in current nanometer technologies. Moreover, we have used the simple yet-realistic MOS model, namely the ±-power law, to consider the input transition time in the throughput expression. Precise HSPICE simulations have been used to verify the analytical throughput derivations.
The Krüppel-Like Factor 11 (KLF11) Q62R Polymorphism Is Not Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in 8,676 People

Krüppel-like factor 11 is a pancreatic transcription factor whose activity induces the insulin gene. A common glutamine-to-arginine change at codon 62 (Q62R) in its gene KLF11 has been recently associated with type 2 diabetes in two independent samples. Q62R and two other rare missense variants (A347S and T220M) were also shown to affect the function of KLF11 in vitro, and insulin levels were lower in carriers of the minor allele at Q62R. We therefore examined their impact on common type 2 diabetes in several family-based and case-control samples of northern-European ancestry, totaling 8,676 individuals. We did not detect the rare A347S and T220M variants in our samples. With respect to Q62R, despite >99% power to detect an association of the previously published magnitude, Q62R was not associated with type 2 diabetes (pooled odds ratio 0.97 [95% CI 0.88–1.08], P = 0.63). In a subset of normoglycemic individuals, we did not observe significant differences in various insulin traits according to genotype at KLF11 Q62R. We conclude that the KLF11 A347S and T220M mutations do not contribute to increased risk of diabetes in European-derived populations and that the Q62R polymorphism has, at best, a minor effect on diabetes risk.
Skinfold Thickness as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness: Obesity and Fatness Linked to Higher Stiffness Measurements in Hypertensive Patients

Hypertensive patients have strong evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Some novel endothelial dysfunction parameters such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and central aortic pressure (CAP) have been investigated as predictive markers of atherosclerosis. It is well known that obesity has relationships with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate relationships between anthropometric measurements and arterial stiffness parameters in essentially hypertensive patients. The study population included 100 patients (56 females, 44 males) newly or formerly diagnosed as essentially hypertensive in an outpatient clinic. Arterial stiffness measurements, including PWV, AIx, CAP, and body mass index (BMI); waist circumference, hip circumference; waist/hip ratio; and triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were also applied to all the study patients. Then, the relationships between BMI, anthropometric measurements, and arterial stiffness parameters were investigated. The mean systolic arterial blood pressure of the study population was 135.85 ± 15.27 mm Hg and the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure of the study population was 84.17 ± 9.58 mm Hg. The parameters such as PWV, AIx, and CAP measured for arterial stiffness had correlations between BMI and different anthropometric measurements. The statistically significant correlations were present between PWV and triceps skinfold thickness (TST) (r = 0.377, P < .001) and it was also seen when regression analysis was performed (PWV = 6.41 + [0.072 × TST]; R2 = 0.142, F[1–98] = 16.23, P < .001). Triceps skinfold thickness among these correlations may be used to estimate the carotid–femoral PWV, which is an indicator of subclinical organ damage due to hypertension.
When intonation plays the main character: information- vs. confirmation-seeking questions in Majorcan Catalan

This paper explores whether information-and confirmation-seeking questions are marked intonationally in Majorcan Catalan by means of three different perception tests (a congruity test, a rating test and a test based on the classical CP paradigm). The results show that a difference in pitch scaling on the leading H tone of the H+L* nuclear pitch accent is the main cue used by Majorcan listeners to identify confirmatory questions. Thus, while a iH+L* pitch accent signals an information-seeking question (i.e., the speaker has no expectation about the nature of the answer), H+L* pitch accent indicates that the speaker is asking about mutually shared information.
EFFECTS OF SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM TWO DISTINCT POLLUTED ENVIRONMENTS ON DRY DEPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS

Resumo Um modelo matematico simples foi utilizado para estudar o efeito da distribuicao de tamanho das particulas sobre a eficiencia de remocao por deposicao seca. Para esta finalidade foram utilizadas duas distribuicoes de tamanho de aerossois, tipicas de ambientes poluidos: uma distribuicao de ambiente de queimada (Amazonia) e outra de ambiente urbano (Sao Paulo). Os resultados mostraram que particulas originarias de ambiente urbano sao mais eficientemente removidas por deposicao seca do que particulas de queimada. Este comportamento esta associado ao fato de que a natureza de remocao das particulas por deposicao seca e pouco eficiente para diâmetros entre 0,1 e 1,0 mm, dominio em que se concentra a maior parte das particulas de queimada. Esse mecanismo diferencial de deposicao e o que explica o maior efeito deleterio das particulas ultra-finas no sistema respiratorio humano.
The Importance of Population Growth and Regulation in Human Life History Evolution

Explaining the evolution of human life history characteristics remains an outstanding problem to evolutionary anthropologists. Progress is hindered by common misunderstandings of how selection works in age-structured populations. I review two important results of life history theory related to demography. First, different life history strategies evolve under density-independent and density-dependent population growth. Second, and more poorly appreciated, different kinds of density-dependence also select for different life history strategies; assuming zero population growth alone is insufficient to determine the optimal strategy. I show that these facts are more than methodological niceties by reanalyzing the model by Kaplan et al. (2000) and showing that the results depend strongly on the form of population regulation assumed. This analysis suggests that progress in human life history theory requires better understanding of the demography of our ancestors. I close with a discussion of empirical implications.
Detailed joint structure in a geothermal reservoir from studies of induced microearthquake clusters

Microearthquake clusters form distinct, planar patterns within five study regions of a geothermal reservoir undergoing hydraulic fracturing at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The patterns define individual, slipping joint surfaces of dimension 40–120 m, containing 80–150 events each. Sharp, straight edges truncate the clusters; we interpret these as marking intersections with aseismic joints. Each edge orientation is consistent with an intersection between the active joint and a plane oriented parallel to one of the other clusters we identify. Therefore it appears that cluster shapes constrain the geometry of seismic and aseismic joints; both could be important components of the fluid-flow network. The distribution of inferred slip plane orientations is consistent with but fails to provide sufficient constraint to differentiate conclusively between two, very different, stress field estimates, one measured using pressurization and wellbore breakouts, the other using focal mechanisms of the largest microearthquakes. An impermeable joint model, requiring pore pressure in excess of the normal stress on a joint before slip can occur, was inconsistent with many of the inferred slip plane orientations. The high-quality locations were possible because events from the same cluster generated nearly similar waveforms, permitting the precise determination of relative arrival times. Standard deviations of arrival-time residuals fall between 0.1 and 1.1 ms for these clusters. Major axes and aspect ratios of the 90% confidence ellipsoids range from 6 to 28 m and 1.5 to 8, respectively. Small events dominate the seismic energy release and thoroughly populate the identified, active joints, allowing the hypocenters to reflect details of the joint structure. To further investigate the reservoir structure, we applied a source-array, slant-stack technique to waveforms from the well-located clusters, yielding directions that scattered energy left each cluster. By studying paths of scattered waves we expected to pinpoint impedance contrasts that might have indicated concentrations of fluid-filled joints. However, results show that scattered energy in the S wave coda left the source region in the same direction as the direct S wave. Direct waves may have excited borehole tube waves that became trapped in the vicinity of the geophone tool, overwhelming any energy scattered from the reservoir.
Strategy for Insect Pest Control in Cocoa

Farming systems in cocoa over the last three decades have involved the use of new hybrid plant varieties, which produce pods throughout the year, intensified fertilizer use, and misguided pesticide applications by some farmers. Resource availability in terms of abundance of feeding and breeding sites and ecological disruption as a consequence of climate change and bad agronomic practices have increased the importance of insect pests on cocoa. Historically the major management tool for hemipteran pests has been calendar spraying with conventional insecticides. Considerable progress was made at the turn of the last century by replacing organochlorine insecticides for cocoa mirid control. But inappropriate timing and inefficient application is probably reducing the viability of otherwise acceptable products in some areas. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for mirids and other insect control should involve great investment in pest surveillance, and be based primarily on the use of cultural practices of removal of excess chupons, shade management and Opinion Article Adu-Acheampong et al.; AJEA, 6(6): 416-423, 2015; Article no.AJEA. 2015.099 417 host variety resistance. These practices must primarily aim at minimising mirid-associated dieback disease and stink bug deformation of pods, and should be supplemented in some cases by the use of insecticides (up to two applications in February to May at 28-days intervals) depending on the pest populations, damage levels as well as intensity of activity of pollinating insects, with additional two applications during September to December when pest problems may arise. Improved methods of monitoring and prediction should assist in early identification of specific problems in different farms. The rotational use of different active ingredients should also take into account factors such as application methods, compatibility and correct timing. Careful planning is necessary to formulate a flexible control system.
What kinds of trees grow in Swedish soil

One of the issues brought up in this workshop concerns the relationship between the syntactic properties of a given language and the choice of linguistic theory for annotation purposes. Our Swedish treebank consortium, consisting of researchers from Växjö University, KTH and Stockholm University, is currently facing a specific instance of this issue in trying to define an annotation standard for a large-scale treebank of Swedish written and spoken language. In this paper, I will discuss and compare four different annotation schemes that have been proposed for Swedish in terms of their suitability for Swedish syntax as well as their relationship to linguistic theory and annotation schemes proposed for other languages. Other aspects that will be touched upon are the availability of parsers and/or annotated training data for developing parsers, the different requirements for annotation of spoken and written language, and the different needs of different user groups. By way of background, I will start by reviewing some basic facts about the syntax of Swedish, a Germanic verb second language with moderately fixed word order. In doing this I will also introduce the Scandinavian tradition of descriptive grammar, in particular the influential field model due to Diderichsen [5]. The background section also contains a brief discussion of existing annotation schemes for other languages and their relation to current linguistic theory. The main part of the paper will be devoted to a discussion and comparison of the following four annotation schemes for Swedish:
Multivariate spatial hierarchical Bayesian empirical likelihood methods for small area estimation

Recent advances in small area estimation incorporating both explicit spatial autocorrelation and empirical likelihood techniques have produced estimates with greater precision. Furthermore, the multivariate Fay–Herriot models take advantage of within‐location correlation between multiple outcomes for a set of small areas. We extend the Fay–Herriot model by utilizing empirical likelihood techniques to the spatially explicit multivariate setting. We then model the five‐year period estimates from the American Community Survey (2006–10) of percent of unemployed individuals and percent of families in poverty for the counties of Missouri. We demonstrate bivariate reduction in leave‐one‐out median absolute deviation over an approximately equivalently specified parametric model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining Variational Approximations

Variational approximations facilitate approximate inference for the parameters in complex statistical models and provide fast, deterministic alternatives to Monte Carlo methods. However, much of the contemporary literature on variational approximations is in Computer Science rather than Statistics, and uses terminology, notation, and examples from the former field. In this article we explain variational approximation in statistical terms. In particular, we illustrate the ideas of variational approximation using examples that are familiar to statisticians.
From Simultaneous Shooting to Blended Acquisition

Seismic acquisition surveys are designed such that the time interval between shots is sufficiently large to avoid the tail of the previous source response to interfere with the next one (zero overlap in time). To economize on survey time and processing effort, the current compromise is to keep the number of shots to some acceptable minimum. The result is that the source domain is poorly sampled. In this paper it is proposed to abandon the condition of non-overlapping shot records. Instead, a plea is made to move to densely sampled and wide-azimuth source distributions with relatively small time intervals between shots (‘blended acquisition’). The underlying rationale is that interpolating missing shot records, i.e., generating data that have not been recorded (aliasing problem), is much harder than separating the data of overlapping shot records (interference problem). In this paper we summarize the principle of blended acquisition and show how to process blended data. Two processing routes can be followed: reconstructing the unblended data (‘deblending’) followed by conventional processing, or directly processing the blended measurements. Both approaches will be described and illustrated with numerical examples. A theoretical framework is presented that enables the design of blended 3D seismic surveys.