Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARGLNG IN ATM NETWORKS BASED ON THE EQUIVALENT CAPACITY AFTAB

In this paper, we propose a novel method of charging in a packet switched network. The idea is to redefine the network capacity as seen by individual packets. Then, based on this redefined capacity, each packet is to be charged a different amount - depending upon the tarij% We have considered two simple network models to show that the variation of trafic load does indeed alter the way a packet is treated and the same may be reflected in the billing procedure. As an example, we have proposed a workable charging rnechanisrn, contending the fact that there are many ways that the main idea of this paper may be used. The method is potentially useful in ATM wide area networlw (WAN) offering ABRKJBR and VBR services.
Formalism and Informalism in Software Architectural Style : a Case Study

Architectural style is increasingly recognized as an important element of software architectural design. An expanding body of research (e.g. [GS93, PW92, DAR90, MQ94, AAG93]) is recognizing that when developing a particular system, designers tend not to explore all possible alternatives for its architecture. Instead, they use specific structures and idioms that are effective for the domain in which they are working. We term such a collection of patterns and idioms an architectural style. These patterns and idioms constrain the design space, permitting developers to ignore complications and alternatives that are not relevant to the system they are developing. By focusing on fewer, relevant alternatives, the issues that are most important are exposed and the developer is thus helped to make effective choices and locate a solution more easily. In addition, by guaranteeing properties of all systems constructed using the style, the cost of analyzing these systems is reduced. For example, in “Deadlock-free Configuration Programming”[JC94], Justo and Cunha describe a collection of component templates and connectors that, when used to construct a system, can provide guarantees about the deadlocking behavior (or, preferably, the deadlock-freedom) of a configured system. By restricting the form of design elements permitted as components in their systems, they reduce the cost of the deadlock analysis to a simple static check. Unfortunately, with few exceptions current exploitation of architectural style is informal and ad hoc [DAR90]. The choice of style in a system is often based on the development team’s shared
Velocity and direction planning in a sumo robot type using the method of potential field with fuzzy systems

An application of the potential field method is presented in this paper for autonomous sumo robot class navigation with dynamic environments including moving target and static obstacle. The method used in this paper aims to planning the velocity and the direction taken by the robot in order to reach your target in the possible shortest time. The design velocity is determined from the relative velocities between the robot and the target as well as the relative positions between them. This work uses a hybrid method to determine the velocity and position of a sumo robot class, which is intended to push the opponent out of the arena. This hybrid method applies the potential field with fuzzy logic and use the Mamdani model to obtain the necessary variables for determining the velocity and direction to be followed by the robot. For determining the time necessary to find the target two simulations were done in the MATLAB. The obtained results show that the hybrid method overcomes the local minimum problem within any stationary or dynamic environment with static obstacles.
Ordinal Least Squares Support Vector Machines - A Discriminant Analysis Approach

This paper explores the extension of the classical ideas behind linear discriminant analysis to the problem of ordinal regression. It is shown how this reasoning fits in a framework of least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) and kernel machines, hereby allowing for a nonlinear extension. The resulting method is conceived as a practical alternative to proposed, computationally demanding formulations based on maximal margin.
Coal moisture estimation in power plant mills

Knowledge of moisture content in raw coal feed to a power plant coal mill is of importance for efficient operation of the mill. The moisture is commonly measured approximately once a day using offline chemical analysis methods; however, it would be advantageous for the dynamic operation of the plant if an on-line estimate were available. In this paper we such propose an on-line estimator (an extended Kalman filter) that uses only existing measurements. The scheme is tested on actual coal mill data collected during a one-month operating period, and it is found that the daily measured moisture content agrees with the estimates.
PHAD: Packet header anomaly detection

PHAD basically works only over the attacks which are based on the Transport, Network and Data link Layer protocols i.e. Ethernet, IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP protocols. The most important purpose of intrusion detection system is to detect attacks against information systems. It is a security method attempting to identify various attacks. In this paper we discussed PHAD (Packet Header Anomaly detection) as anomaly based statistical algorithms.
FACTORS IN E-COMMERCE USAGE IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THAILAND : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

The study attempts to link external and internal factors related to a hotel to its dependence on e-commerce. In terms of managerial implications, the study gives an insight towards the reasons behind e-commerce usage in the hotel industry. This will be very useful for e-intermediaries in assessing new opportunities for expansion and market growth. Thailand being an important tourist destination in the world, provides an excellent context for the study. Further, Thailand being a developing country, the extent of use of the Internet is in its growth phase. While all the hotels that were surveyed had websites and had e-mail services to connect to the customers, there existed a large variation in their reliance on the internet to communicate and transact with the customers. The study tries to find the underlying reasons for this phenomenon. The results that have emerged from the study endorse some of the beliefs about the Internet usage in the travel and tourism industry and a general idea about the impact of the various factors on the intensity of use of e-commerce It is important to find out more about the factors that influence the usage intensity of e-commerce in the hotel industry. The impact of the membership of an established hotel chain on the hotel’s e-dependence should be examined in the future research.
Do Oil Prices matter?: The case of a Small Open Economy

This paper empirically evaluates the impact and effect of oil price fluctuations and shocks on French aggregate economic performance, industrial production index and inflation rate. Our methodology makes use of a multivariate VAR approach to analyse the stability and magnitude of this system by adopting different oil price specifications, together with a robustness check through the estimation of a St.Louis-type equation. We adopt several oil price specifications. Our results show that the main French macroeconomic aggregate variables have become progressively less reactive to oil price fluctuations and that the adjustment towards equilibrium levels have been done increasingly faster.
ON VERY WEAK SOLUTIONS OF SEMI-LINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF WEIGHTED SPACES WITH RESPECT TO THE DISTANCE TO THE BOUNDARY

We prove the existence of an appropriate function (very weak solution) u in the Lorentz space L(N') (,infinity)(Omega), N' = (N)(N - 1) satisfying Lu - Vu + g (x, u, del u) = mu in Omega an open bounded set of R(N), and u = 0 on partial derivative Omega in the sense that (u, L phi)(0) - (Vu, phi)(0) + (g(., u, del u),phi)(0) = mu(phi), for all phi is an element of C(c)(2)(Omega). The potential V <= lambda < lambda(1) is assumed to be in the weighted Lorentz space L(N,1)(Omega, delta), where delta(x) = dist (x, partial derivative Omega), mu is an element of M(1)(Omega, delta), the set of weighted Radon measures containing L(1)(Omega, delta), L is an elliptic linear self adjoint second order operator, and lambda(1) is the first eigenvalue of L with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. If mu is an element of L(1)(Omega, delta) we only assume that for the potential V is in L(loc)(1) (Omega), V <= lambda < lambda(1). If mu is an element of M(1)(Omega, delta(alpha)), alpha is an element of [0, 1[, then we prove that the very weak solution vertical bar del u vertical bar is in the Lorentz space L(N/N-1+alpha,infinity)(Omega). We apply those results to the existence of the so called large solutions with a right hand side data in L(1)(Omega, delta). Finally, we prove some rearrangement comparison results.
Fault Tolerant System Design using Evolved Virtual Reconfigurable Circuit

A majority of applications require cooperation of two or more independently designed, separately located, but mutually affecting subsystems. In addition to good behavior of each of the subsystems, an effective coordination is very important to achieve the desired overall performance. However, such a co-ordination is very difficult to attain mainly due to the lack of precise system models and/or dynamic parameters. In such situations, the evolvable hardware (EHW) techniques, which can achieve the sophisticated level of information processing the brain is capable of, can excel. In this paper, a new virtual reconfigurable circuit based sensor validation scheme using the techniques of evolved operators is presented. The idea of this work is to develop a system that is tolerant to sensor failures (fault tolerance) by utilizing multiple sensor inputs connected to a programmable VLSI chip. The approach chosen here is based on functional level evolution whose architecture contains many nonlinear functions and uses an evolutionary algorithm to evolve the best configuration. The system is tested for its effectiveness by choosing a real-time process control plant with three input sensors and introducing different sensor failures such as: sensor fails as open circuit, sensor fails as short circuit, noise added to individual sensors, multiple sensor failure etc. In each case the mean square error is computed and used as the performance index.
Friendly Competition for Co-Progressive Development: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank vs. the Bretton Woods Institutions

The AIIB is the ﬁrst major multilateral development bank in a generation and the ﬁrst multinational institution initiated by China to support regional economic growth and inject new impetus to global governance reform. From the beginning, the AIIB must seek ways to set itself apart from the establishment as represented by the BWIs. This article proposes that the new AIIB break with conventional wisdom and the business as usual of the BWIs and adopt the concept of co-progressiveness for international development. Co-progressive development entails a normative principle that puts self-initiation and external inducement as a means of promoting self-initiated action at the center of international development agendas and programs. As a more proactive and effective system of international development is urgently needed, this article argues that the AIIB and the BWIs should engage in a friendly competition in which players compete for a common goal. Within the AIIB, development strategies, models, policies, as well as expertise and knowledge originating from such developing countries as emerging economies should be given equal or even prioritized consideration, as emerging economies have faced similar challenges and succeeded with innovative solutions. In doing so, the AIIB can lend legitimacy to its international foray, while the global development agenda will be advanced more effectively.
Designing Orthodontic Craniofacial Templates for 8–14 year-old Iranian Girls Based on Cephalometric Norms

Objectives: Cephalometry and its related analyses have an important role in the evaluation of orthodontic patients. Access to an analysis that gives maximum information in the least possible time is an effective way to indicate craniofacial disharmony; therefore, craniofacial templates are very useful tools. The purpose of the present study was to provide orthodontic craniofacial templates for 8–14-year-old Iranian girls. Materials and Methods: One thousand two-hundred and nine girls (age range, 8–14 years) were examined. Eighty of these cases were finally chosen for the study and their lateral cephalograms were traced. Both Basion-Nasion (Ba-N) and Sella-Nasion (S-N) lines were selected for superimposition in this study. Based on these two mentioned lines, a template for each age was designed. Simple linear regression and multivariant regression analysis were used to evaluate the angles and to landmark the vectors, respectively. Results: Findings show that most points change significantly at different ages in the S-N method. In the Ba-N method, all points except for S and Ba have significant changes at different ages. Conclusion: Templates that resulted from both methods were the same and alteration in the reference line and points does not change the total form of the average tracings of each age.
A LEXICON BASED ALGORITHM FOR NOISY TEXT NORMALIZATION AS PRE-PROCESSING FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

Sentiment analysis in the most general sense refers to the classification of a piece of text into either of the three classes–positive, negative or neutral–according to its polarity. The text may be an entire document, a paragraph, a sentence, a phrase or even a single word. Most of the literature on sentiment analysis is dedicated to well-formed text as found in the newspapers, journals and magazines. The unprecedented rise in popularity of the social media brought with it a vast sea of user generated content many of which convey subjective opinions on products, services, organizations, public figures and what not. But the textual data obtained from such sources are extremely noisy. They are characterized by numerous spelling and grammatical errors, as well as by the heavy usage of acronyms, abbreviations, shortened words and slang. The currently available Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools are not designed for handling such types of data. In this report we suggest a number of methods for making the data obtained from social media less noisy and more suitable for sentiment analysis.
No 1100 December 2011 ( Revised November 2014 ) Spatial Exporters

In this paper, we provide causal evidence that firms serve new markets which are geographically close to their prior export destinations with a higher probability than standard gravity models predict. We quantify the impact of this spatial pattern using a data set of Chinese firms which had never exported to the EU, the United States, and Canada before 2005. These countries imposed import quotas on textile and apparel products until 2005 and experienced a subsequent increase in imports of previously constrained Chinese firms. Controlling for firm-destination specific effects and accounting for potential true state dependence we show that the probability to export to a country increases by about two percentage points for each prior export destination which shares a common border with this country. We find little evidence for other forms of proximity to previous export destinations like common colonizer, language or income group.
Exploration and mapping with mobile robots

M odels of the environment are needed for a wide range of roboti c applications, from search and rescue to automated vacuum cleaning. Learning maps has therefore been a major research focus in the robotic s c mmunity over the last decades. Robots that are able to acquire an accurate model of their environment on their own are regarded as fulfil ling a major precondition of truly autonomous agents. In order to solve the map learnin g problem, a robot has to address mapping, localization, and path planning at the s ame time. In general, these three tasks cannot be decoupled and solved independently an d m p learning is thus referred to as the simultaneous planning, localization, an d mapping problem. Because of the coupling between these tasks, this problem is very com plex. It can become even more complex when there are dynamic changes in the environme nt or several robots are being used together to solve the problem. The contributions of this thesis are solutions to various as pects of the autonomous map learning problem. We first present approaches to explora tion that take into account the uncertainty in the world model of the robot. We then d scribe how to achieve good collaboration among a team of robots so that they efficie ntly solve an exploration task. Our approach distributes the robots over the environm ent and in this way avoids redundant work and reduces the risk of interference between the i dividual team members. We furthermore provide a technique to make use of backg round knowledge about typical spacial structures when distributing the robots ov er the environment. As a result, the overall time needed to complete the exploration mi ssion is reduced. To deal with the uncertainty in the pose of a robot, we present a solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. The difficu lty in this context is to build up a map while at the same time localizing the robot in th s map. Our approach maintains a joint posterior about the trajectory of the robo t and the model of the environment. It produces highly accurate maps in an efficient and robust way. In this thesis, we address step-by-step the different probl ems in the context of map learning and integrate our techniques into a single system. We provide an integrated approach that simultaneously deals with mapping, localiza tion, and path planning. It seeks to minimize the uncertainty in the map and in the trajec tory estimate based on the expected information gain of future actions. It takes into a ccount potential observation sequences to estimate the uncertainty reduction in the worl d model when carrying out a specific action. Additionally, we focus on mapping and loca ization in non-static environments. Our approach allows a robot to consider diffe rent spatial configurations of the environment and in this way makes the pose estimate mor robust and accurate in non-static worlds.
Mediation Role of C-Reactive Protein on the Association between Smoking Quantity and Type 2 Diabetes in Current Chinese Smokers

Objective. Previous studies have indicated that cigarette smokers are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and that both smoking and type 2 diabetes are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP). This study examined whether CRP mediates the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes. Methods. Nine hundred and eighty-four current Chinese smokers were selected from a community-based chronic disease survey conducted in Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the WHO 1999 criteria. CRP was measured with flow cytometry. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the mediation. Results. A positive association was observed between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher CRP levels. Current smokers with type 2 diabetes had higher CRP levels than smokers without type 2 diabetes. The association between the smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 50.77% of the association. Conclusions. This study provides further evidence that smoking quantity is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and suggests that the association between smoking and type 2 diabetes might be mediated by CRP.
Comparison between information system architectures

are different types of information system architectures, but there has not been a structural comparison between the different types. I develop in this paper a structured approach to assess the three main Information System architectures, Enterprise Resource Planning, Service-Oriented Architecture and Multi Agent Systems, based on a structured approach. Furthermore, I provide in this paper an extensive analysis of the key characteristics of the three main IS architectures. In this paper, I develop a systematic and structured approach to pair wise compare and assess these key characteristics of the main architectures based on the IS development framework as developed by Zachman. The aim of this paper are twofold, first, to develop a framework which is suitable for comparing IS architectures and second, comparing the three architectures. The framework I developed is based on the Zachman framework and the views of the original framework are grouped together in due to the complexity of comparing the original framework for the three architectures, this resulted in a new 6x1 framework. The results of the comparison show that there are several key difference between the architectures in the areas of what kind of data is stored, the ability to keep working with legacy systems, the amount of complexity and uncertainty in which these architectures can operate and how the network which corresponds with these architectures is arranged. KeywordsResource Planning (ERP), Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Multi Agent Systems (MAS), Information Systems Architecture (ISA), framework, characteristics.
The correlation between search quality and query popularity

We apply the notion of “popularity” in machine-generated sentence evaluation to the queries used to search for documents. Our intuition is that queries composed of popular terms obtain more relevant documents and increase the probability that these documents contain the desired results. We measure the popularity of a query by analyzing a massive online document repository, Korean Wikipedia. To verify the influence of query popularity on search results, we conduct experiments to measure the mean reciprocal rank and precision-at-k, and perform an individual comparison of search term pairs. Through these experiments, we demonstrate that better search results can be obtained by considering the popularity of the query.
Phylogeographic Study of Apodemus ilex (Rodentia: Muridae) in Southwest China

Background The Mountains of southwest China have complex river systems and a profoundly complex topography and are among the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. However, only a few studies have shed light on how the mountains and river valleys promote genetic diversity. Apodemus ilex is a fine model for investigating this subject. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess the genetic diversity and biogeographic patterns of Apodemus ilex, the complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1,140 bp) were determined from 203 samples of A. draco/ilex that were collected from southwest China. The results obtained suggested that A. ilex and A. draco are sistergroups and diverged from each other approximately 2.25 million years ago. A. ilex could be divided into Eastern and Western phylogroups, each containing two sub-groups and being widespread in different geographical regions of the southern Hengduan Mountains and the western Yunnan - Guizhou Plateau. The population expansions of A. ilex were roughly from 0.089 Mya to 0.023 Mya. Conclusions Our result suggested that A. ilex is a valid species rather than synonym of A. draco. As a middle-high elevation inhabitant, the phylogenetic pattern of A. ilex was strongly related to the complex geographical structures in southwest China, particularly the existence of deep river valley systems, such as the Mekong and Salween rivers. Also, it appears that the evolutionary history of A. ilex, such as lineage divergences and population expansions were strongly affected by climate fluctuation in the Late Pleistocene.