Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morpheme- and POS-based IBM1 and language model scores for translation quality estimation

We present a method we used for the quality estimation shared task of WMT 2012 involving IBM 1 and language model scores calculated on morphemes and POS tags. The IBM 1 scores calculated on morphemes and POS-4grams of the source sentence and obtained translation output are shown to be competitive with the classic evaluation metrics for ranking of translation systems. Since these scores do not require any reference translations, they can be used as features for the quality estimation task presenting a connection between the source language and the obtained target language. In addition, target language model scores of morphemes and POS tags are investigated as estimates for the obtained target language quality.
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Voltage VAR optimization real time closed loop deployment - BC Hydro challenges and opportunities

The objective of this paper is to present and share experiences and challenges in Voltage VAR optimization (VVO) real time closed loop deployment at BC Hydro control center. VVO deployment at BC Hydro is focused to maximize energy savings and therefore the closed loop execution is required on continuous 24/7 basis. Several characteristic requirements for closed loop operation were integral for successful VVO deployment. This paper presents foundation elements for VVO closed loop real time execution and some deployment challenges from the system first year of operation.
Development Of High Efficiency Brushless DC Motor With New Manufacturing Method Of Stator For Compressors

To promote energy saving, we developed a high efficiency brushless DC motor with a new manufacturing method of a stator for compressors. This motor consists of a concentrated winding stator and an interior permanent magnet rotor. The stator has the core structure that we call “a joint-lapped core”. The joint-lapped core is able to open and bend in reverse. While winding the coil, the joint-lapped core is bent in reverse on the connecting joint axis. The coils are wound around the teeth in aligned position. After that, it is bent to form cylindrical core shape. This manufacturing method reduced copper loss. Furthermore, we adopted a 6-pole motor in place of a conventional 4-pole. As a result, iron loss was also reduced, and the high efficiency brushless DC motor was achieved. The noise was also been reduced because of the 6-pole motor.
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSK-3beta inhibition in a model of acute inflammation. Here, we have investigated the effects of TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: accumulation of fluid containing a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pleural cavity, infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Furthermore, carrageenan induced an upregulation of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin, iNOS, COX-2 as well as nitrotyrosine as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. KEY RESULTS Administration of TDZD-8 (1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1), i.p.), 30 min prior to injection of carrageenan, caused a dose-dependent reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Thus, based on these findings we propose that inhibitors of the activity of GSK-3beta, such as TDZD-8, may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
Impairment of Tight Junctions and Glucose Transport in Endothelial Cells of Human Cerebral Cavernous Malformations

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) often cause hemorrhages that can result in severe clinical manifestations, including hemiparesis and seizures. The underlying mechanisms of the aggressive behavior of CCMs are undetermined to date, but alterations ofvascular matrix components may be involved. We compared the localization of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) in 12 CCM specimens and the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), which is sensitive to alterations in TJP levels, in 5 CCM specimens with those in 5control temporal lobectomy specimens without CCM by immunofluorescence microscopy. The TJPs occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occludens ZO-1 were downregulated at intercellular contact sites and partly redistributed within the surrounding tissue in the CCM samples; there was also a marked reduction of GLUT-1 immunoreactivity compared with that in control specimens. Corresponding analysis using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionon 8 CCM and 8 control specimens revealed significant downregulation of mRNA expression of occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1, and GLUT-1. The altered expression and localization of the TJPs at interendothelial contact sites accompanied by a reduction of GLUT-1 expression in dilated CCM microvessels likely affect vascular matrix stability and may contribute to hemorrhages of CCMs.
Comprehensive rehabilitation programmes in the chronic phase after severe brain injury: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation programmes for adults in the chronic phase after severe acquired brain injury. METHODS PubMed, PsychINFO and PsychLit were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2008 and a quality assessment was performed. The comprehensive programmes were subdivided into neurobehavioral interventions, residential community reintegration and day-treatment programmes. The extracted data included study characteristics, patient characteristics and intervention characteristics. RESULTS Thirteen studies met pre-established criteria. Two studies were randomized controlled trials, 5 were controlled comparative studies and 6 were uncontrolled longitudinal cohort studies. Overall, their methodological quality was limited. The investigated programmes led to substantial improvement in daily life functioning and community integration of severe chronic brain injury patients, with lasting effects at follow-up. Day-treatment programmes had the highest level of evidence. CONCLUSION Comprehensive rehabilitation programmes appear to be effective in terms of a reduction in psychosocial problems, a higher level of community integration and an increase in employment. Although this is the first review to differentiate between specific programmes, clear-cut clinical recommendations cannot yet be set out due to limited methodological quality and poor description of patient and intervention characteristics. Specific recommendations for future studies are given.
Measuring Gender and Racial Biases in Large Language Models

In traditional decision making processes, social biases of human decision makers can lead to unequal economic outcomes for underrepresented social groups, such as women, racial or ethnic minorities. Recently, the increasing popularity of Large language model based artificial intelligence suggests a potential transition from human to AI based decision making. How would this impact the distributional outcomes across social groups? Here we investigate the gender and racial biases of OpenAIs GPT, a widely used LLM, in a high stakes decision making setting, specifically assessing entry level job candidates from diverse social groups. Instructing GPT to score approximately 361000 resumes with randomized social identities, we find that the LLM awards higher assessment scores for female candidates with similar work experience, education, and skills, while lower scores for black male candidates with comparable qualifications. These biases may result in a 1 or 2 percentage point difference in hiring probabilities for otherwise similar candidates at a certain threshold and are consistent across various job positions and subsamples. Meanwhile, we also find stronger pro female and weaker anti black male patterns in democratic states. Our results demonstrate that this LLM based AI system has the potential to mitigate the gender bias, but it may not necessarily cure the racial bias. Further research is needed to comprehend the root causes of these outcomes and develop strategies to minimize the remaining biases in AI systems. As AI based decision making tools are increasingly employed across diverse domains, our findings underscore the necessity of understanding and addressing the potential unequal outcomes to ensure equitable outcomes across social groups.
The Force of Negation in Wh Exclamatives and Interrogatives ∗

One could assume that the negative morpheme no in (2) is not semantically negative, but this would be dissatisfying in several respects. First of all, in general we of course would prefer not to postulate an ambiguity, on fear of missing a generalization. Second, the question arises of why it is the negative morpheme which takes on the pleonastic function, if the meaning of this item is not implicated in the constructions. And third, we are not aware
Slow quantum oscillations in the semimetallic spin-density-wave state of tetramethyltetraselenafulvalinium nitrate (TMTSF)2NO3.

We have observed a clear series of fine structures superposed on the angular dependence of the transverse magnetoresistance in the semimetallic spin-density-wave state of the organic conductor (TMTSF${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}$. They appear at the positions defined by the strength of the field component parallel to the least-conduction direction (B cos \ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\simeq}const). An observed asymmetry in the magnitude is due to the striking angular dependence of the oscillations amplitude. The frequency of the oscillations (${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{S}}$=63 T) is close to the frequency of the field-induced spin-density-wave transitions found in the other Bechgaard salts. This oscillatory phenomenon is considered to result from the orbit quantization inside the closed parts of the Fermi surface which are due to the 2${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}$ anion ordering together with the imperfect spin-density-wave nesting.
Enhanced Scanning Scheme for Delay-Constrained Fast Handoff in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

Since channel scanning time in IEEE 802.11 handoff is dominant in total handoff delay time, attention has to be paid to the reduction of channel scanning time for effectively supporting delay sensitive applications such as voice over IP (VoIP). Therefore, this paper proposes a new channel scanning scheme that adaptively adopts full channel scanning before, and first satisfaction first reservation scanning after a required delay time obtained from the application layer. Simulation results substantiate that the proposed scheme can keep the total handoff delay as low as possible compared to the required delay while maintaining acceptable Received Signal Strength (RSS) to a Mobile Host (MH) and thus the Quality of Service (QoS) of the applications can be more guaranteed than the conventional and previous schemes.
Reflections on a collaborative adult literacy and numeracy action enquiry

This paper reports and reflects on a collaborative and multi-layered action enquiry project in the New Zealand polytechnic sector. In the context of widespread national professional development centred on adult literacy and numeracy teaching and learning in vocational educational institutions, an action enquiry methodology was piloted with vocational tutors in certificate and diploma programmes at nine polytechnics and institutes of technology. Most participating tutors had not previously carried out formal research, and few had worked with university researchers as external change agents before. A key aim of the overarching project was to investigate the effects and value of an action enquiry approach for embedding literacy and numeracy in vocational programmes. Reflection emerged as an important component in both the individual action enquiries undertaken by participating small teams and the meta-action enquiry project overlaying all of the projects. We conclude by considering the external agent role in building collaborative enquiry and relationships.
Collision Avoidance Safety Filter for an Autonomous E-Scooter using Ultrasonic Sensors

In this paper, we propose a collision avoidance safety filter for autonomous electric scooters to enable safe operation of such vehicles in pedestrian areas. In particular, we employ multiple low-cost ultrasonic sensors to detect a wide range of possible obstacles in front of the e-scooter. Based on possibly faulty distance measurements, we design a filter to mitigate measurement noise and missing values as well as a gain-scheduled controller to limit the velocity commanded to the e-scooter when required due to imminent collisions. The proposed controller structure is able to prevent collisions with unknown obstacles by deploying a reduced safe velocity ensuring a sufficiently large safety distance. The collision avoidance approach is designed such that it may be easily deployed in similar applications of general micromobility vehicles. The effectiveness of our proposed safety filter is demonstrated in real-world experiments.
Multilingual Affect Polarity and Valence Prediction in Metaphor-Rich Texts

Metaphor is an important way of conveying the affect of people, hence understanding how people use metaphors to convey affect is important for the communication between individuals and increases cohesion if the perceived affect of the concrete example is the same for the two individuals. Therefore, building computational models that can automatically identify the affect in metaphor-rich texts like “The team captain is a rock. ”, “Time is money. ”, “My lawyer is a shark. ” is an important challenging problem, which has been of great interest to the research community. To solve this task, we have collected and manually annotated the affect of metaphor-rich texts for four languages. We present novel algorithms that integrate triggers for cognitive, affective, perceptual and social processes with stylistic and lexical information. By running evaluations on datasets in English, Spanish, Russian and Farsi, we show that the developed affect polarity and valence prediction technology of metaphor-rich texts is portable and works equally well for different languages.
Techniques for the Blind Estimation of Signal to Noise Ratio for Quadrature Modulated Signals

The knowledge of the detected signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) or M-ary phase shift keyed signal is necessary to estimate the detected symbol error rate [I]. This paper introduces and compares three approaches to the estimation of SNR using the symbol soft decisions when the signal constellation is unknown. The techniques discussed also provide estimates of the constellation symbol coordinates. The first approach, based on the ‘k-means’ technique [2] for partitioning a multi-dimensional population into a number of sets, forms estimates of the constellation statistics by grouping the complex soft decisions into clusters. The second and third techniques use properties of histograms formed from the projection of soft decisions onto the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) axes to estimate the signal power and noise variance.
Evaluation of the End User (Dentist) Experience of Undertaking Clinical Audit in a PCT-Led NHS Modernisation Agency Pilot Scheme

Introduction A new dental contract was introduced in the National Health Service (NHS) General Dental Services (GDS) in April 2006. Responsibility for clinical audit activities was devolved to Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) as part of their clinical governance remit. In July 2003, an NHS Modernisation Agency pilot scheme for clinical audit was launched by Southend PCT. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate this scheme. Methods A qualitative research method was used. It used audiotape recorded semi-structured research interviews with eight general dental practitioners (GDPs) who had taken part in the scheme. The evaluation focused on dentists’ experiences of the scheme. Results Dentists appreciated the central PCT-based coordinator for the scheme and found that the streamlining of design, analysis and report writing within the audit projects enabled efficient use of time. The design by an outside agency appeared to add credibility to the scheme. Participants felt that comparability of data derived from clinical audit was enhanced by the scheme and could lead to comparison across PCT patch, regional or even national levels. The use of feedback mechanisms within the scheme was appreciated and thought to help produce maximum value from a clinical audit project. There was evidence of beneficial change occurring within practices and for patients. Conclusions This study provided an evaluation of a particular clinical audit scheme, several aspects of which differed from the traditional GDS scheme. Organisations proposing to undertake clinical audit activities in conjunction with dentistry in the future may benefit from incorporating elements of this scheme into their project design.
Evolutionary Divide and Conquer (I): A Novel Genetic Approach to the TSP

Experiments with genetic algorithms using permutation operators applied to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) tend to suggest that these algorithms fail in two respects when applied to very large problems: they scale rather poorly as the number of cities n increases, and the solution quality degrades rapidly. We propose an alternative approach for genetic algorithms applied to hard combinatoric search which we call Evolutionary Divide and Conquer (EDAC). This method has potential for any search problem in which knowledge of good solutions for subproblems can be exploited to improve the solution of the problem itself. The idea is to use the genetic algorithm to explore the space of problem subdivisions rather than the space of solutions themselves. We give some preliminary results of this method applied to the geometric TSP.
MUSE: a multilevel symbolic encoding algorithm for state assignment

A state assignment algorithm called multiple symbolic encoding (MUSE) is presented for the encoding of finite state machines targeted for multilevel implementation. The computation of weights of state pairs is based on a multilevel representation of the 1-hot encoded state machine. Three types of state pairs-OR, COMPLEX, and MORE-COMPLEX-are defined in the context of multilevel representations of finite state machines. Thus, both Boolean and algebraic operations are used to calculate the weights of state pairs. Methods for computing present-state and next-state weight matrices are presented. The three pair weights are used to compute the present state terms, and MIS-like common cube extraction techniques are used to estimate the encoding affinity between each next-state pair. <<ETX>>
Minimally Invasive Methodologies in the treatment of Spinal Metastatic Disease

T American Cancer Society estimates over 1.4 million new cases of invasive cancer and over 500,000 cancer deaths in the year 2008, making it second only to heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States (40). At autopsy, approximately 30% patients who die of malignant neoplasm are found to have spinal metastases (60), making it the third-most common site of distant spread, following lung and liver. Vertebral metastatic disease may be a devastating condition leading to loss of neurological function, decreased mobility and quality of life, and increased mortality. In the early history of managing this disease, extensive open surgical approaches often left the patient with an extended rehabilitation at end of life with little or no oncological or neurological benefit. Thus, treatment of this disease has traditionally been limited to external beam radiotherapy for palliative care. Moreover, as systemic treatments for malignancy advance, the incidence of vertebral metastases increases due to overall increased survival of cancer patients.
Hydroxypropylation of high-amylose maize starch changes digestion and fermentation-dependent parameters in rats

It was examined whether the physiological effects of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) are influenced by hydroxypropylation. Rats were fed one of the following three diets: an AIN-93-based diet with waxy maize starch (WMS) as a starch source, or this diet with 150 g of WMS replaced by either HAMS or hydroxypropylated HAMS (HP-HAMS). The activities of amylase in bile-pancreatic juice and sucrose, maltase and isomaltase of the jejunum and ileum were not affected by diet, but the digestibility of HAMS was decreased by hydroxypropylation. The amounts of SCFA in caecal content and H2 excreted in the breath and flatus for HAMS were decreased by hydroxypropylation. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet. On the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles, the similarity in caecal bacteria population of the HP-HAMS group and HAMS group was low, but that of the HP-HAMS and WMS groups was high. The amount of caecal IgA was not affected by hydroxypropylation, but those in the HAMS and HP-HAMS groups were greater than that in the WMS group. Plasma and liver concentrations of TAG and cholesterol for HAMS were not affected by hydroxypropylation. These results show that the small intestinal digestibility and fermentation-dependent parameters such as caecal SCFA and H2 productions and caecal bacterial profile of HAMS were affected by hydroxypropylation, but parameters of glucose metabolism such as GLP-1 and insulin, those of lipid metabolism such as plasma TAG and cholesterol and the amount of caecal IgA were not.