Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of endogenous attention, exogenous attention and inhibition of return in touch

Selective attention helps process the myriad of information constantly touching our body. Both endogenous and exogenous mechanisms are relied upon to effectively process this information; however, it is unclear how they relate in the sense of touch. In three tasks we contrasted endogenous and exogenous event‐related potential (ERP) and behavioural effects. Unilateral tactile cues were followed by a tactile target at the same or opposite hand. Clear behavioural effects showed facilitation of expected targets both when the cue predicted targets at the same (endogenous predictive task) and opposite hand (endogenous counter‐predictive task), and these effects also correlated with ERP effects of endogenous attention. In an exogenous task, where the cue was non‐informative, inhibition of return (IOR) was observed. The electrophysiological results demonstrated early effects of exogenous attention followed by later endogenous attention modulations. These effects were independent in both the endogenous predictive and exogenous tasks. However, voluntarily directing attention away from a cued body part influenced the early exogenous marker (N80). This suggests that the two mechanisms are interdependent, at least when the task requires more demanding shifts of attention. The early marker of exogenous tactile attention, the N80, was not directly related to IOR, which may suggest that exogenous attention and IOR are not necessarily two sides of the same coin. This study adds valuable new insight into how we process and select information presented to our body, showing both independent and interdependent effects of endogenous and exogenous attention in touch.
SWIFT : Compiled Inference for Probabilistic Programs

One long-term goal for research on probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) is efficient inference using a single, generic inference engine. Many current inference engines are, however, interpreters for the given PP, leading to substantial overhead and poor performance. This paper describes a PPL compiler, Swift, that generates model-specific and inference-algorithm-specific target code from a given PP in the BLOG language, in much the same way that a Prolog compiler generates code that performs backwardchaining logical inference for a specific Prolog program. This approach eliminates a great deal of interpretation overhead. We evaluate the performance of Swift and existing systems such as BLOG, BUGS, Church, Stan, and infer.net on several benchmark problems. In our experiments, Swift’s compiled code runs 100x faster than the original BLOG engine, and much faster than other systems on the same models.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF INTOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY, PERSPECTIVE AND TYPE OF BALANCED SCORECARD MEASURES ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Performance evaluation is defined as key activities to ensure whether organizational goals can be realized or not. The character of the evaluator and evaluation object are the determining factors for evaluating performance evaluation. The purpose of this research was to determine the interaction effects of intolerance of ambiguity evaluator with the balanced scorecard perspective, intolerance of ambiguity evaluator with the type of balanced scorecard measures, as well as perspective with the type of balanced scorecard measures on the results of performance evaluation. The approach used in this research was quantitative, the type of research was experimental using the factorial design of 2x2x2. The research was conducted at two private universities that implemented the balanced scorecard in Jakarta. 128 respondents of the research consisted of head of study programs, deans and rectorates. The analytical method used was a three-way variant analysis that was processed using SPSS version 24 software. The results show that the interaction between intolerance of ambiguity evaluator and balanced sorecard perspective has an effect on the results of performance evaluation, the interaction of intolerance of ambiguity with the type of balanced scorecard measures has an effect on the results of performance evaluation, and the interaction between perspective with the type of balanced scorecard measures has an effect on the results of performance evaluation. These findings provide implications for performance evaluation systems that can influence organizational behavior to achieve organizational goals.
Supra-auricular versus Sinusectomy Approaches for Preauricular Sinuses

Abstract Introduction Several surgical techniques and modifications have been described to reduce the high recurrence rate after excision of preauricular sinus. Objectives The aim of this study is to review the literature regarding surgical approaches for preauricular sinus. Data Synthesis We performed searches in the LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, PubMed databases and Cochrane Library in September, 2015, and the key words used in the search were “preauricular sinus,” “sinusectomy,” “supra-auricular approach,” “methylene blue,” and/or “recurrence. ” We revised the results of 17 studies, including 1270 preauricular sinuses that were surgically excised by sinusectomy in 937 ears and by supra-auricular approach in 333 ears. Recurrence with supra-auricular was 4 (1.3%) while sinusectomy was 76 (8.1%) with significant difference (p < 0.0001). There were no reported facial nerve paresis or paralysis in any of the approaches. The sinusectomy approach showed significantly more complications (p = 0.0048). Conclusion Supra-auricular approach had significantly less recurrence rate than tract sinusectomy approaches. Thus, it could be regularly chosen as the standard procedure for preauricular sinus excision. As such, it would be helpful for surgeons to be familiar with this approach.
Digital Addiction in Indonesian Adolescent

— A serious problem faced by the adolescent in the vast development of Information Technology era is a digital addiction. This descriptive study examines the types of digital addiction and the relation between digital addiction among adolescents and parenting approaches. Respondents in this study were adolescents between 11 and 13 years old amounted to 109 students who were recruited from junior high schools in Surabaya Indonesia. Respondents were randomly selected and all credentials are classified. Data collection was conducted through an assessment questionnaire using Young’s Digital Addiction Test (YIAT). The data were analyzed by using descriptive methods. The results show that 27.2 % of respondents are categorized as digital addicts. The types of addictive behavior are covered are cyber relationships, gaming, and even cybersex. According to this study, there is a significant relation between parenting approaches and digital addiction for the adolescent. Teenagers with positive parenting experience a lower prevalence of digital addiction than those with permissive parenting and authoritarian styles. Based on the results, we need socialization to use the internet intelligently and the formulation of a strategy for a Digital Addiction Recovery Program.
Time and space scales of vertical mixing and advection of phytoplankton in the upper ocean

The dependence of phytoplankton photosynthesis on light intensity may be altered by the range and frequency of variations in light intensity recentlv experienced by the organisms. A major source of the fluctuations in light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the upper ocean is vertical motion. We estimate time and space scales for \Tertical displacements of phytoplankton caused by turbulent mixing, internal waves, Langmuir circulations, and double diffusive processes. In the surface layer, depending on windspeed, current shear and stratification, we find that time scales for cycling of phytoplankton by turbulent eddies and mixing vary from about 0.5 h to hundreds of hours for vertical displacements of the order of 10 m. In the seasonal thermocline, turbulent diffusive time scales for displacements as small as several meters are weeks to months, whereas similar displacements by internal waves occur over periods of several minutes to several hours, according to the strength of the density stratification, and are then dominant. Langmuir cells seem to scale as the large turbulent eddies and need not be treated separately, and double diffusive processes seem to be of minor importance. The formulation used here of a vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient K, as a function of observable quantities-e the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, and N the local buoyancy frequency-should also be us&d for estimating vertical fluxes of nutrients. In addition, this formulation is reversible in time and can be used to estimate the recent depth and light history of phytoplankton taken from the upper ocean. Traditionally the dependence of the photosynthetic production rate of phytoplankton on light intensity has been described by “P vs. I” curves relating the rate of photosynthetic production, P, to increasing light intensity, I, determined usually from experiments where portions of the same sample are incubated at several different constant light intensities for the same period. The uptake of labeled carbon over that period is measured and considered to be an index of the photosynthetic production (Peterson 1980). Division by the time interval gives the photosynthetic rate. A smooth curve fitted through the data resembles one of the family of curves shown in Fig. 1 (which, for illustration, has been generated from the model equation of Platt et al. 1980): P(I) = aem”‘( 1 eeVr). (1) Several problems exist: different curves are often found at different times of day (provided the incubation period is sufficiently brief, say 2-4 h), at different depths, during different seasons, and with different organisms (Harris 1973; MacCaull and Platt 1977; Platt et al. 1980). Furthermore, time-course measurements of varying photosynthetic production P(t)
Models, Patterns, and Generators for Embedded Systems

Model-based development of embedded information systems necessitates the use of generative techniques. Models determine and configure computations, but they also lend themselves to design-time analysis. This paper discusses why generative techniques are important for embedded systems, outlines how a general-purpose generator technology can be built to help the engineering of complex applications. However, a number of technical problems have to be solved before generators will become an everyday tool in embedded software development, related to the construction, verification, and usability of generators.
DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING STRATEGIES FOR A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEM

A distributed system consists of independent workstations connected usually by a local area network. Due to the growing popularity of the Internet, data centers, network servers are anticipated to be the bottleneck in hosting network-based services, even though the network bandwidth continues to increase faster than the server capacity. It has been observed that network servers contribute to approximately 40 percent of the overall delay, and this delay is likely to grow with the increasing use of dynamic web contents. Network server provides an efficient way to distribute their work with the sub-servers which is also known as proxy servers. Allocating work to the sub-server based on their response time is the proposed Dynamic Load Balancing technique.
Isolating the Decay Rate of Cosmological Gravitational Potential

The decay rate of cosmological gravitational potential measures the deviation from Einstein-de Sitter universe and can put strong constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. The usual method to measure this decay rate is through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect-large-scale structure (LSS) cross-correlation. However, the interpretation of the measured correlation signal is complicated by galaxy bias and the matter power spectrum. This could bias and/or degrade its constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. But combining the lensing-LSS cross-correlation measurements, the decay rate of gravitational potential can be isolated. For any given narrow redshift bin of LSS, the ratio of the two cross-correlations directly measures H(z)/W(χ, χs), where Dϕ is the linear growth factor of the gravitational potential, H is the Hubble constant at redshift z, W(χ, χs) is the lensing kernel, and χ and χs are the comoving angular diameter distance to lens and source, respectively. This method is optimal in the sense that (1) the measured quantity is essentially free of systematic errors and is only limited by cosmic variance, and (2) the measured quantity depends only on several cosmological parameters and can be predicted from first principles unambiguously. Although fundamentally limited by the inevitably large cosmic variance associated with the ISW measurements, it can still put useful independent constraints on the amount of dark energy and its equation of state. It can also provide a powerful test of modified gravity and can distinguish the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model from ΛCDM at >2.5 σ confidence level.
Uniform approximation by (quantum) polynomials

We show that quantum algorithms can be used to re-prove a classical theorem in approx-imation theory, Jackson's Theorem, which gives a nearly-optimal quantitative version ofWeierstrass's Theorem on uniform approximation of continuous functions by polynomi-als. We provide two proofs, based respectively on quantum counting and on quantumphase estimation.
Feature analysis and extraction of tumor vascular structure on microscopic images

Tumor growth induces angiogenesis that results in immature/dysfunctional vessels. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate feature extraction and analysis of tumor vascular structure based on non-fluorescent microscopic images for long-term investigation. The averages of angle, and radius of microvasculature on the surface of the tumor were measured and analyzed at different weeks for each tumor. In the t-test results, we report statistical analyses which confirm at different significance levels, radius have significant effects in growing a tumor's vascular network. No difference in average angle between parent vessel and children vessel by t-test was found.
Fingerprints registration using genetic algorithm

Genetic Algorithms techniques have been used to detect and adjust any rotation of the images. In this paper, we use Genetic Algorithm (GA) for knowing the rotation angle Θ and retrieve the original image based on the coordinates of its periphery. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm relative to other methods and the results show that the speed is raised using our approach in overall of the most optimum techniques.
Benefits of Exercise for the Prevention of Diseases in the Premature Aging

We live in a time where there is a projected increase in the number of adults surviving to advanced age. With that comes a tremendous financial burden in caring for these elderly individuals, who are likely to develop chronic diseases; both cardiovascular and neurological. Multiple studies have clearly demonstrated the benefits of exercise for preventing cardiovascular disease and age-related cognitive declines. Given the foreseeable human and economic challenges in caring for a vast elderly population with chronic disease, it is clear that appropriate exercise prescriptions could be a feasible, cost effective and therapeutic intervention measure for preventing cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, not all older patients may possess the physical or cognitive capacity to perform physical exercise. Therefore, delineating the pathways that mediate these exercise-induced benefits and understanding how to manipulate them in vivo, may yield novel therapeutic approaches to aging prevention.
Pro-male gender gap/bias in school enrolment: systematic or selection among the weak?

Many developing countries face a pro-male gender gap in schooling, as boys are more likely to be enrolled at school than girls. This paper examines whether the current enrolment gap prevails at the same time among ”regular” and ”irregular” schooling children. Given their age, irregular schooling children have not succeeded (yet) the exam the are are supposed to have sit for. We investigate this question empirically using data provided by the 2001 Cameroon Household Survey. Our empirical framework allows the gender eect on the likelihood to be enrolled to be dierent for regular and irregular children. It also accounts for selection into the two groups. Results show no male-female dierence
Modelling modal gating of ion channels with hierarchical Markov models

Many ion channels spontaneously switch between different levels of activity. Although this behaviour known as modal gating has been observed for a long time it is currently not well understood. Despite the fact that appropriately representing activity changes is essential for accurately capturing time course data from ion channels, systematic approaches for modelling modal gating are currently not available. In this paper, we develop a modular approach for building such a model in an iterative process. First, stochastic switching between modes and stochastic opening and closing within modes are represented in separate aggregated Markov models. Second, the continuous-time hierarchical Markov model, a new modelling framework proposed here, then enables us to combine these components so that in the integrated model both mode switching as well as the kinetics within modes are appropriately represented. A mathematical analysis reveals that the behaviour of the hierarchical Markov model naturally depends on the properties of its components. We also demonstrate how a hierarchical Markov model can be parametrized using experimental data and show that it provides a better representation than a previous model of the same dataset. Because evidence is increasing that modal gating reflects underlying molecular properties of the channel protein, it is likely that biophysical processes are better captured by our new approach than in earlier models.
A Source-level Kernel Profiler based on Dynamic Aspect-Orientation

We present a source-level kernel profiler named KLAS. Since this profiler is based on dynamic aspect-orientation, it allows the users to describe any code fragment in the C language. That code fragment is automatically executed for collecting detailed performance data at execution points specified by the users. Enabling dynamic aspect-orientation is crucial since otherwise the users would have to reboot an operating system kernel whenever they change aspects. Although KLAS dynamically transforms the binary of a running operating system kernel for weaving an aspect at runtime, unlike other similar tools, the KLAS users can specify those execution points, that is, joinpoints through a source-level view. For example, the users can describe a pointcut that picks up accesses to a member of a structure; they do not have to explicitly specify the addresses of the machine instructions corresponding to the member accesses. We have implemented this feature by extending a C compiler to produce augmented symbol information. KLAS has been implemented for the FreeBSD operating system with the GNU C compiler.
Label-free nanoscopy with contact microlenses: Super-resolution mechanisms and limitations

Despite all the success with developing super-resolution imaging techniques, the Abbe limit poses a severe fundamental restriction on the resolution of far-field imaging systems based on diffraction of light. Imaging with contact microlenses, such as microspheres or microfibers, can increase the resolution by a factor of two beyond the Abbe limit. The theoretical mechanisms of these methods are debated in the literature. In this work, we focus on the recently expressed idea that optical coupling between closely spaced nanoscale objects can lead to the formation of the modes that drastically impact the imaging properties. These coupling effects emerge in nanoplasmonic or nanocavity clusters, photonic molecules, or various arrays under resonant excitation conditions. The coherent nature of imaging processes is key to understanding their physical mechanisms. We used a cluster of point dipoles, as a simple model system, to study and compare the consequences of coherent and incoherent imaging. Using finite difference time domain modeling, we show that the coherent images are full of artefacts. The out-of-phase oscillations produce zero-intensity points that can be observed with practically unlimited resolution (determined by the noise). We showed that depending on the phase distribution, the nanoplasmonic cluster can appear with the arbitrary shape, and such images were obtained experimentally.
Kinematics characteristic analysis of the jumping robot

The jumping process of the locusts, Oedaleus infernalis, were captured with a high-speed video camera. The geometrical configurations and motion postures of the locusts during jumping were analyzed, and the jumping parameters of the locusts were gained from the high-speed photographs. The characteristics of the locust during jumping were discussed. The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the centre of mass (COM) of the locust during jumping were analyzed. The performances of the locust-like robot jumping over the obstacle were analyzed. This work may provide the basic theory in developing locust-like robot in structural design. Besides, it provides an important reference to study the other bionic robots.
Improvement of Korean Proofreading System Using Corpus and Collocation Rules

This paper presents the 'techniques of correcting for spelling errors, orthographical errors, and grammatical errors in computer-based text. And this paper addresses an extension that goes beyond normal checking of isolated single word by taking multiwords as well as a sentence. The candidate words for spelling errors are created by applying function of rules and correction rule table that contains heuristic information of collocation. To prevent excessive creation of candidate words and improve accuracy, we use the high frequency word dictionary that contains 300,000 words derived from corpus. For constituent errors, by applying grammar based partial parsing rules, collocation words errors between the words can be found. We make an experiment with correction techniques on corpora that are the final result of SERI's research, texts, newspaper materials, and public materials. The system has 98% accuracy rate when the 8.5% errors caused by unregistered words were excluded. The average number of prospective candidates suggested by the system is 1.12.