Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Dating Violence: A National Assessment of School Counselors’ Perceptions and Practices

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a significant public health problem that, according to various estimates, affects 9% to 34% of adolescents in the United States. Schools can play an important role in preventing ADV. However, little is known about school personnel\x{2019}s practices and perceptions regarding ADV. This study assessed high school counselors' knowledge, training, perceptions, and practices on dealing with ADV incidents. METHODS: A national random sample (n = 550) of high school counselors who were members of the American School Counselors Association were sent a valid and reliable questionnaire on ADV. A 3-wave mailing procedure was used to increase the response rate, which was 58%. Statistically significant differences (P < .05) were calculated by using t tests, χ2 tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression. RESULTS: A majority of the school counselors reported that they did not have a protocol in their schools to respond to an incident of ADV (81.3%). Additionally, the majority (90%) of counselors reported that in the past 2 years, training to assist survivors of teen dating abuse has not been provided to personnel in their schools, their school did not conduct periodic student surveys that include questions on teen dating abuse behaviors (83%), and their school did not have a committee that meets periodically to address health and safety issues that include teen dating abuse (76%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that schools do not find ADV a high-priority issue to be addressed in their student populations.
Genistein versus ICI 182, 780: An ally or enemy in metastatic progression of prostate cancer

Androgen signalling through the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. Estrogen in synergy with androgen is essential for cell growth of the normal and malignant prostate. However, the exact role that estrogen and the estrogen receptor play in prostate carcinogenesis remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated the metastasis‐promoting effect of an estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) agonist (genistein) in a patient‐derived PCa xenograft model mimicking localized and metastatic disease.
Three-Port Bridgeless PFC-Based Quasi Single-Stage Single-Phase AC–DC Converters for Wide Voltage Range Applications

Quasi single-stage single-phase ac–dc power converters based on a three-port bridgeless power factor corrector (TPB-PFC) are proposed in this paper. The TPB-PFC, which is able to provide an ac input port, a dc load port, and a dc bus port simultaneously, is derived by introducing a new dc load port into a conventional bridgeless PFC. The load, whose voltage can be either lower or higher than the peak amplitude of the ac line voltage, is connected to the dc load port of the TPB-PFC directly. Therefore, the ac input power can be fed to the dc load with the single-stage power conversion when the instantaneous ac voltage is lower than the voltage of the dc load. Although another dc–dc converter is required to accomplish the power transmission between the dc bus port and the dc load port of the TPB-PFC, the power rating and losses of the dc–dc converter are reduced significantly, in comparison with a two-stage ac–dc converter. Furthermore, the switching losses of the TPB-PFC are reduced thanks to the three-level characteristic of the proposed converter. The topology derivation, operation principles, modulation strategies, and characteristics of the proposed ac–dc converter are analyzed and verified experimentally with a 2-kW prototype.
Reef Sharks Exhibit Site-Fidelity and Higher Relative Abundance in Marine Reserves on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef

Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as “reef sharks”, are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor “marine reserve” had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability.
GREIT: a unified approach to 2D linear EIT reconstruction of lung images

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an attractive method for clinically monitoring patients during mechanical ventilation, because it can provide a non-invasive continuous image of pulmonary impedance which indicates the distribution of ventilation. However, most clinical and physiological research in lung EIT is done using older and proprietary algorithms; this is an obstacle to interpretation of EIT images because the reconstructed images are not well characterized. To address this issue, we develop a consensus linear reconstruction algorithm for lung EIT, called GREIT (Graz consensus Reconstruction algorithm for EIT). This paper describes the unified approach to linear image reconstruction developed for GREIT. The framework for the linear reconstruction algorithm consists of (1) detailed finite element models of a representative adult and neonatal thorax, (2) consensus on the performance figures of merit for EIT image reconstruction and (3) a systematic approach to optimize a linear reconstruction matrix to desired performance measures. Consensus figures of merit, in order of importance, are (a) uniform amplitude response, (b) small and uniform position error, (c) small ringing artefacts, (d) uniform resolution, (e) limited shape deformation and (f) high resolution. Such figures of merit must be attained while maintaining small noise amplification and small sensitivity to electrode and boundary movement. This approach represents the consensus of a large and representative group of experts in EIT algorithm design and clinical applications for pulmonary monitoring. All software and data to implement and test the algorithm have been made available under an open source license which allows free research and commercial use.
DNA Extraction Columns Contaminated with Murine Sequences

Sequences of the novel gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) have been described in human prostate cancer tissue, although the amounts of DNA are low. Furthermore, XMRV sequences and polytropic (p) murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) have been reported in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In assessing the prevalence of XMRV in prostate cancer tissue samples we discovered that eluates from naïve DNA purification columns, when subjected to PCR with primers designed to detect genomic mouse DNA contamination, occasionally gave rise to amplification products. Further PCR analysis, using primers to detect XMRV, revealed sequences derived from XMRV and pMLVs from mouse and human DNA and DNA of unspecified origin. Thus, DNA purification columns can present problems when used to detect minute amounts of DNA targets by highly sensitive amplification techniques.
Scalable Learning Through Error-correcting Codes based Clustering in Autonomous Systems

Intelligent Autonomous systems (IAS) continuously receive large streams of diverse data from numerous entities operating and interacting in their environment. It is vital that the learning models in IAS to scale up to the new and unknown data items that were not present in the training or testing datasets. Scalable learning is nothing but a method to achieve maximum classification without rejecting any unknown data item as anomalies. In this paper, we present Perfect Errorcorrecting Codes (PEC) clustering technique to approximate the classes of multi-feature data items by reversing standard forward error correction coding. Approximating classes problems generally arise in information systems that are processing fuzzily cataloged data items. These data items can be classified by applying binary vectors to their corresponding features (1: feature is present or 1: feature is absent) to obtain message words. These codewords can be used as cluster centers. In PEC clustering, binary vectors of 23 bits are mapped into codewords (labels or indices) of 12 bits. Two binary vectors with the Hamming distance of 2 will have a few common labels thus classified accordingly. PEC clustering has 2 codeword space, which makes it ideal for scalability in clustering of thousands of categories. With reasonable redundancy, the clustering can be accomplished in O(N) time. In addition, we present an information processing model for on-the-fly processing of data streams with multi-processor pipeline: Read, Analyze, and Toggle (RAT) model. Keywords-error-correcting codes; clustering; scalable learning; deep learning; fuzzy logic; autonomous systems;
Scale diversity in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus): Fat‐filled trabecular scales made of cellular bone

Tunas of the genus Thunnus possess many morphological and physiological adaptations for their high‐performance epipelagic ecology. Although Thunnus anatomy has been studied, there are no quantitative studies on the structure of their scales. We investigated the scales of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) from ten regions of the body using micro computed tomography (µCT)‐scanning and histology to quantitatively and qualitatively compare regional scale morphology. We found a diversity of scale sizes and shapes across the body of bigeye tuna and discriminant function analysis on variables derived from µCT‐data showed that scales across the body differ quantitatively in shape and size. We also report the discovery of a novel scale type in corselet, tail, and cheek regions. These modified scales are ossified shells supported by internal trabeculae, filled with fat, and possessing an internal blood supply. Histological analysis showed that the outer lamellar layers of these thickened scales are composed of cellular bone, unexpected for a perciform fish in which bone is typically acellular. In the fairing region of the anterior body, these fat‐filled scales are stacked in layers up to five scales deep, forming a thickened bony casing. Cheek scales also possess a fat‐filled internal trabecular structure, while most posterior body scales are more plate‐like and similar to typical teleost scales. While the function of these novel fat‐filled scales is unknown, we explore several possible hypotheses for their function.
Objective Stereo Image Quality Assessment Model based on Matrix Decomposition

Stereo image quality assessment (SIQA) is a key issue of stereo image processing. Image pixels have strong correlation and highly structured features, according to that an image quality mainly depends on the structure information distortion of the image, an objective stereo image quality assessment (OSIQA) model based on matrix decomposition is proposed. Firstly, the concavity and convexity maps of image are extracted through Hessian matrix decomposition, which reflects complexity of image, and the left-right image quality assessment (LR-IQA) value is gained by judging loss severity of concavity and convexity map, which is adopting singular value decomposition in the left and right images. Secondly, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the absolute difference map that is the absolute differential value between the left image and right image in stereo image are extracted. Eigenvalues can reflect image energy of some directions, and eigenvectors can reflect the directionality of image. Depth perception quality assessment (DP-QA) value is gained by calculating the degree of the structure distortion under the edge and non-edge regions. Finally, OSIQA value is obtained through nonlinearly fitting of LR-IQA value and DP-QA value. Experimental results show that the proposed OSIQA model have a good consistency with subjective perception. The correlation coefficient and spearman rank order correlation coefficient between OSIQA model and subjective perception are more than 0.92, and rooted mean squared error is lower than 6.5. Index Terms—Stereo image quality assessment, left-right image quality assessment, depth perception quality assessment, Hessian matrix
An efficient approach to approximate solutions of eighth-order boundary-value problems

In this paper, the approximate solutions to the eighth-order boundary-value differential equations are solved by using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The numerical solutions of the problem are calculated in the form of a series with easily computable components. The numerical illustrations show that this technique is more reliable, efficient and accurate than the traditional schemes. E-mail: dj.evans@ntu.ac. uk
Human antibody recognition of antigenic site IV on Pneumovirus fusion proteins

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major human pathogen that infects the majority of children by two years of age. The RSV fusion (F) protein is a primary target of human antibodies, and it has several antigenic regions capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies. Antigenic site IV is preserved in both the pre-fusion and post-fusion conformations of RSV F. Antibodies to antigenic site IV have been described that bind and neutralize both RSV and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). To explore the diversity of binding modes at antigenic site IV, we generated a panel of four new human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and competition-binding suggested the mAbs bind at antigenic site IV. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that binding and neutralization of two mAbs (3M3 and 6F18) depended on arginine (R) residue R429. We discovered two R429-independent mAbs (17E10 and 2N6) at this site that neutralized an RSV R429A mutant strain, and one of these mAbs (17E10) neutralized both RSV and hMPV. To determine the mechanism of cross-reactivity, we performed competition-binding, recombinant protein mutagenesis, peptide binding, and electron microscopy experiments. It was determined that the human cross-reactive mAb 17E10 binds to RSV F with a binding pose similar to 101F, which may be indicative of cross-reactivity with hMPV F. The data presented provide new concepts in RSV immune recognition and vaccine design, as we describe the novel idea that binding pose may influence mAb cross-reactivity between RSV and hMPV. Characterization of the site IV epitope bound by human antibodies may inform the design of a pan-Pneumovirus vaccine.
Inhibitory effect of a reproductive‐related serpin on sperm trypsin‐like activity implicates its role in sperm maturation of Penaeus monodon

In a number of marine animals, sperm serine proteases are important for fertilization. Penaeus monodon sperm require trypsin‐like activity for a complete acrosome reaction, which exclusively occurs in sperm residing in the female thelycum. In this study, a complete cDNA sequence of reproductive tract‐related Serine protease inhibitor (rrPmserpin) was identified. The longest open reading frame was composed of 1,366 nucleotides encoding 402 amino acids with a predicted pI of 6.86 and molecular mass of 44.88 kDa. The signal peptide cleavage site was identified as the 17th amino acid residue in the amino‐terminus, and two potential N‐glycosylation sites were predicted as post‐translation modifications. A conserved reactive loop and fold similarities, identified through three‐dimensional modeling, suggested that this gene is a member of the serpin family. The expression of rrPmserpin mRNA was prominent in the reproductive organs, including the testis, vas deferens, terminal ampoule containing the spermatophore, and the female thelycum. Inhibitory activity of recombinant rrPmSERPIN‐6His was revealed from the negative correlation between the abundance of rrPmserpin mRNA and sperm trypsin‐like activities, along with its inhibitory effects on chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thelycal proteases. Therefore, our results suggest that rrPmserpin participates in the regulation of the activity of a sperm protease and the decapacitation process.
Experimental Demyelination and Axonal Loss Are Reduced in MicroRNA-146a Deficient Mice

Background The cuprizone (CPZ) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) was used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) related to in vivo de- and remyelination. We further investigated the role of miR-146a in miR-146a-deficient (KO) mice: this miRNA is differentially expressed in MS lesions and promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during remyelination, but its role has not been examined during demyelination. Methods MicroRNAs were examined by Agilent Mouse miRNA Microarray in the corpus callosum during CPZ-induced demyelination and remyelination. Demyelination, axonal loss, changes in number of oligodendrocytes, OPCs, and macrophages/microglia was compared by histology/immunohistochemistry between KO and WT mice. Differential expression of target genes and proteins of miR-146a was analyzed in the transcriptome (4 × 44K Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Microarray) and proteome (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) of CPZ-induced de- and remyelination in WT mice. Levels of proinflammatory molecules in the corpus callosum were compared in WT versus KO mice by Meso Scale Discovery multiplex protein analysis. Results miR-146a was increasingly upregulated during CPZ-induced de- and remyelination. The absence of miR-146a in KO mice protected against demyelination, axonal loss, body weight loss, and atrophy of thymus and spleen. The number of CNP+ oligodendrocytes was increased during demyelination in the miR-146a KO mice, while there was a trend of increased number of NG2+ OPCs in the WT mice. miR-146a target genes, SNAP25 and SMAD4, were downregulated in the proteome of demyelinating corpus callosum in WT mice. Higher levels of SNAP25 were measured by ELISA in the corpus callosum of miR-146a KO mice, but there was no difference between KO and WT mice during demyelination. Multiplex protein analysis of the corpus callosum lysate revealed upregulated TNF-RI, TNF-RII, and CCL2 in the WT mice in contrast to KO mice. The number of Mac3+ and Iba1+ macrophages/microglia was reduced in the demyelinating corpus callosum of the KO mice. Conclusion During demyelination, absence of miR-146a reduced inflammatory responses, demyelination, axonal loss, the number of infiltrating macrophages, and increased the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes. The number of OPCs was slightly higher in the WT mice during remyelination, indicating a complex role of miR-146a during in vivo de- and remyelination.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Overview

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 is the third in this series of biennial publications. This version provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands ( www.guidetopharmacology.org ), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/bph.13882/full . In addition to this overview, in which are identified ‘Other protein targets’ which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are eight areas of focus: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Beclabuvir in combination with asunaprevir and daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Daclatasvir, asunaprevir (ASV), and beclabuvir (BCV) are direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the efficacy and safety of this three‐drug combination in HCV genotype 1 infection. Eleven electronic search engines were searched for relevant publications. Studies were screened for eligibility and data was extracted. The outcomes were pooled as event rate and risk ratio (RR). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017054391). Among the included six studies, five studies were included for the meta‐analysis (n = 1261). The three‐drug combination showed a high response rate in naïve patients with sustained virologic response at week‐12 posttreatment (SVR12) rate = 95.7% (95%CI [93.8‐97.1]) and no difference detected by adding ribavirin (RBV) (the pooled RR = 0.98, 95%CI [0.90‐1.08], P = 0.70) or comparing with interferon‐experienced patients (RR = 1.02, 95%CI [0.98‐1.07], P = 0.31) regardless the genotype 1 subtypes or IL28B genotype. Treatment failure was minimal and showed no difference regarding the previous comparisons. Increasing the dose or the duration did not show a significant increase in the efficacy. In conclusion, this analysis showed high response rates in HCV genotype 1‐infected patients treated with daclatasvir, ASV, and BCV irrespective of RBV use, prior interferon‐based therapy, or restriction on non‐cirrhotic patients, IL28B genotype, or baseline resistance‐associated variants.