Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Cross cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of Central Sensitization Inventory in Arabic language

Purpose: The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a tool that aid in identifying symptoms associated with nociplastic pain. The aim of this study is to adapt CSI to Arabic language, and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: Adaptation process followed recommended guidelines. Participants with self-reported chronic pain completed a web-based survey. The internal consistency was calculated. Test–retest reliability was examined by allowing 7–9 day gap between two rounds of measurements. Convergent validity was examined by measuring the correlation with Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D-3L. Discriminant validity was examined by testing four priori hypotheses. Factor analysis with principal components extraction was conducted. Results: CSI-Arabic (CSI-Ar) was successfully produced. Its internal consistency and test–retest reliability were excellent (Cronbach’s a1⁄4 0.88 and ICC2,11⁄40.94). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change 95% were 3.45 and 9.57, respectively. CSI total score correlation with PCS, EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS was moderate. The results lend support to the four hypothesis related to discriminant validity. Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure of CSI-Ar. Conclusions: CSI-Ar showed an internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and validity that are comparable to similar studies. The results support the use of CSI-Ar in assessing chronic pain in Arabic-speaking population. � IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION � Central sensitization (CS) mechanisms are thought to contribute to chronic pain. � Identifying the presence of CS would personalize management. � The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a valid and reliable tool to aid in identifying symptoms associated with CS. � The Arabic version of the CSI is valid and reliable to use in Arabic speaking patients suffering from chronic pain. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 31 March 2021 Revised 6 November 2021 Accepted 10 November 2021
Flash-Point Prediction for Industrial Applications

This paper describes application of a model for predicting the flash point of binary alcohol mixtures. To confirm the predictive efficiency of the derived flash points values, the model was verified by comparing the predicted values with the experimental data for the selected mixtures. The flash points values determined were similar to those of predicted ones. However, the measured and predicted flash points were much different from those in MSDS. Therefore, manufacturers based on the results presented should be more careful when they use the MSDS values. Potential applications for the model concern the assessment of fire and explosion hazards, and the development of inherently safer designs for chemical processes containing binary mixtures of alcohols system.
Characterization of xylitol-utilizing mutants of Erwinia uredovora

Of the four pentitols ribitol, xylitol, D-arabitol, and L-arabitol, Erwinia uredovora was able to utilize only D-arabitol as a carbon and energy source. Although attempts to isolate ribitol- or L-arabitol-utilizing mutants were unsuccessful, mutants able to grow on xylitol were isolated at a frequency of 9 X 10(-8). Xylitol-positive mutants constitutively synthesized both a novel NAD-dependent xylitol-4-dehydrogenase, which oxidized xylitol to L-xylulose, and an L-xylulokinase. The xylitol dehydrogenase had a Km for xylitol of 48 mM and showed best activity with xylitol and D-threitol as substrates. However, D-threitol was not a growth substrate for E. uredovora, and its presence did not induce either dehydrogenase or kinase activity. Attempts to determine the origin of the xylitol catabolic enzymes were unsuccessful; neither enzyme was induced on any growth substrate or in the presence of any polyol tested. Analysis of xylitol-negative mutants isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis suggested that the xylitol dehydrogenase and the L-xylulokinase structural genes were components of two separate operons but were under common regulatory control.
Distinct Roles of Adenylyl Cyclase VII in Regulating the Immune Responses in Mice

The second messenger cAMP plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. Although well known for its immunosuppressive effect, cAMP is also required for the development of optimal immune responses. Thus, the regulation of this second messenger needs to be finely tuned and well balanced in a context dependent manner. To further understand the role of cAMP synthesis in the functions of the immune system, we focus on a specific adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoform, AC VII (AC7), which is highly expressed in the immune system. We show that mice deficient of AC7 are hypersensitive to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Macrophages from AC7-deficient mice produce more of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, in response to LPS. The inability to generate intracellular cAMP response to serum factors, such as lysophosphatidic acid, is a potential cause for this phenotype. Thus, AC7 functions to control the extent of immune responses toward bacterial infection. However, it is also required for the optimal functions of B and T cells during adaptive immune responses. AC7 is the major isoform that regulates cAMP synthesis in both B and T cells. AC7-deficient mice display compromised Ab responses toward both T cell-independent and T cell-dependent Ags. The generation of memory T cells is also reduced. These results are the first to ascribe specific functions to an AC isoform in the immune system and emphasize the importance of cAMP synthesis by this isoform in shaping the immune responses.
Assessing the Impact of The Gates Millennium Scholars Program on College Achievement Through the Lens of Segregated Schooling

This paper seeks to examine how low-income, high-achieving minority students are impacted on metrics of college achievement based on receiving funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Millennium Scholars (GMS) Program and/or attending a racially segregated high school. I hypothesize that students who receive the monetary scholarship through GMS will perform better on metrics of achievement than those students who applied for the grant but ultimately were denied. I also hypothesize that students from racially segregated educational backgrounds will be subject to more obstacles in their secondary schooling experiences, which will keep them from experiencing the same levels of postsecondary achievement as their peers from integrated schools. Finally, I propose that receiving GMS funding may be more influential for students who attended segregated high schools, which is examined through interacting the two key independent variables within the regression model. This research uses survey data collected by the Gates Foundation on Cohort V, a group of students who applied for GMS funding in 2004. To qualify, the respondents had to be low-income, high-achieving minority students interested in obtaining a higher education. In order to report on the effectiveness of their scholarship program, the Gates Foundation collects data on both students who received the scholarship, and those who applied but ultimately
Feasibility and efficacy of COPD case finding by practice nurses.

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of disability, hospital admission and premature mortality, but is often undiagnosed. This study assessed the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of COPD case finding by practice nurses performing spirometry on patients identified as being at risk of developing COPD. METHODS Practice nurses were trained in spirometry. From four general practices, 1010 patients were identified who were aged 40-80 years and current or ex-smokers. Four hundred were randomised to receive a written invitation to attend a case finding appointment with the practice nurse, including spirometry. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients attended, 16 (20.3% of attendees) had COPD diagnosed on spirometry; practice nurses correctly identified 10 of the 16, but also incorrectly identified a further six patients as having COPD. One patient in the usual care group was diagnosed with COPD, but this was not confirmed on spirometry. DISCUSSION This study confirmed that COPD is underdiagnosed, with 20% of those at risk and attending for screening having COPD. The search strategy successfully identified patients at risk. Further training in spirometry would be required for practice nurses to increase the accuracy of the diagnoses. The opportunity cost would require consideration. The acceptability to patients is also an issue, this may be related to the recruitment method or the intervention. This study also does not answer whether earlier diagnosis in these patients leads to any change in outcomes.
Effect of microsatellite selection on individual and population genetic inferences: an empirical study using cross‐specific and species‐specific amplifications

Although whole‐genome sequencing is becoming more accessible and feasible for nonmodel organisms, microsatellites have remained the markers of choice for various population and conservation genetic studies. However, the criteria for choosing microsatellites are still controversial due to ascertainment bias that may be introduced into the genetic inference. An empirical study of red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations, in which cross‐specific and species‐specific microsatellites developed through pyrosequencing of enriched libraries, was performed for this study. Two different strategies were used to select the species‐specific panels: randomly vs. highly polymorphic markers. The results suggest that reliable and accurate estimations of genetic diversity can be obtained using random microsatellites distributed throughout the genome. In addition, the results reinforce previous evidence that selecting the most polymorphic markers leads to an ascertainment bias in estimates of genetic diversity, when compared with randomly selected microsatellites. Analyses of population differentiation and clustering seem less influenced by the approach of microsatellite selection, whereas assigning individuals to populations might be affected by a random selection of a small number of microsatellites. Individual multilocus heterozygosity measures produced various discordant results, which in turn had impacts on the heterozygosity‐fitness correlation test. Finally, we argue that picking the appropriate microsatellite set should primarily take into account the ecological and evolutionary questions studied. Selecting the most polymorphic markers will generally overestimate genetic diversity parameters, leading to misinterpretations of the real genetic diversity, which is particularly important in managed and threatened populations.
Data-driven political science

The tutorial will summarize the state-of-the art in the growing area of computational political science. Like many others, this research domain is being revolutionized by the availability of open, big data and the increasing reach and importance of social media. The surging interest on the part of the academic community is matched by intense efforts on the part of political campaigns to use online data in order to learn how to best disseminate information and reach the right potential donors or voters. In this context, a tutorial can summarize existing methods in a fascinating, high-interest area and allow participants with diverse backgrounds to get inspiration from the methods and problems studied. The tutorial will feature seminal research concerning (i) political polarization, (ii) election prediction and polling, and (iii) political campaigning and influence propagation. The goal is not only to familiarize attendees with ideas from related conferences such as WWW, ICWSM or CIKM, but also to present ideas and quantitative methods closer to political science such as Poole's and Rosenthal's NOMINATE score for a politician's political orientation.
Use of Artificial Magnetic Anomalies in Indoor Pedestrian Navigation

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based on inertial sensing alone does not provide absolute user location relative to the environment. Moreover, accuracy of the PDR position estimates degrades as a function of time due to the inaccuracies in the raw sensor data. Therefore, a key for successful and cost-effective indoor positioning is to find a way to provide occasional location fixes to assist the PDR. We present a novel way to use a magnetometer to detect and identify artificially created magnetic anomalies that can be interpreted as location fixes. Since inertial measurement units (IMUs) commonly include a built-in magnetometer for heading estimation, the proposed method does not require any additional hardware to be carried by the user. The objective of the paper is to introduce the aforementioned approach in more detail and to evaluate it with a prototype and a positioning trial.
Chemical etching of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 monograin powder

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS,Se) monograin powders were synthesized in the liquid phase of molten KI as flux material from binary compounds in evacuated quartz ampoules. Monograin powders were subjected to various chemical treatments with several etchants (HCl, KCN, NH4OH and Br in methanol (Br2-MeOH)) to modify the crystal surface. Polarographic analyses of leaching solutions showed that Sn and Se were removed preferably by HCl etching. Treatment with 10% KCN dissolved mainly Cu, Sn and chalcogen, and ammonia solution removed selectively Cu and chalcogen in an approximate ratio of 1∶2. From XPS measurements we found that after etching with 1% Br2-MeOH the material surfaces were Sn-rich. The prepared monograin powders were used as absorber materials in monograin layer solar cells: ZnO/CdS/CZT(S,Se)/graphite. A combination of chemical treatments before the deposition of CdS led to the best parameters of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 monograin layer solar cells. The here achieved efficiencies of solar cells were above 4%.
The impact of c‐met/scatter factor receptor on dendritic cell migration

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen‐presenting cells that possess both migratory properties and potent T cell stimulatory activity, and that allow the uptake of antigenic material inperipheral tissues and its subsequent presentation in the T cell areas of lymphoid organs. Thus motility represents a central property that is required for DC function. Here we report on the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase c‐met in DC. c‐Met is the high affinity receptor for scatter factor (SF)/hepatocyte growth factor, and ligand‐activated c‐met exhibits mitogenic, morphogenic andmotogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. c‐Met is signaling competent in DC since it is effectively tyrosine phosphorylated in response to SF ligand. It is demonstrated here that ligand‐activated c‐met regulates DC adhesion to the extracellular matrix component laminin but leaves antigen presenting function unaffected. Importantly, in ear sheet explant experiments activationof c‐met by ligand induces emigration of cutaneous DC (Langerhans cell, LC) from skin, but SF is not a chemoattractant factor for DC. Our results suggest an important role of the c‐met/SF system in DC/LC migration.
Bilateral duplicated internal jugular veins: Case study and literature review

A rare bilateral duplication of the internal jugular vein (IJV) was discovered during cadaveric dissection. From each jugular foramen, a single IJV descended to the level of the hyoid bone then divided into medial and lateral veins. The medial IJVs traveled in the carotid sheath; the lateral IJVs coursed posterolateral to the sheath across the lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) of the neck. On the right side, medial and lateral IJVs entered the subclavian vein separately. C2–C3 anterior rami and the suprascapular artery passed between the medial and lateral IJVs. The right external jugular vein passed aberrantly between the heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) into the subclavian vein anterior to the lateral IJV. On the left side, the medial IJV drained into a large bulbous jugulovertebrosubclavian (JVS) sinus that received six main vessels. The lateral IJV diverged posterolaterally toward the border of the trapezius muscle, received the transverse cervical vein, and then turned sharply anteromedially to drain into the JVS sinus. The lateral IJV also gave an aberrant additional large vein that passed laterally around the omohyoid muscle before entering the JVS sinus. The left external jugular vein paralleled the anterior border of SCM before passing posterolaterally to terminate in the JVS sinus. Jugular vein anomalies of this magnitude are very rare. Determining the frequency of multiple IJVs is hampered by inconsistent terminology. We suggest that IJV duplication differs from fenestration anatomically and, potentially, developmentally. Criteria for characterizing IJV duplication and fenestration are proposed. The mechanism of development and the clinical significance of multiple IJVs are discussed. Clin. Anat. 20:260–266, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A differential evolution algorithm for designing inverter-driven induction motors

Induction Motors (IM) have been successfully used when variations of speed are required. The strategy preferred to control speed and torque accurately is based upon vector control. In this study, a new approach based upon Differential Evolution (DE) was developed in order to design a 55kW Induction Motor for variable speed applications, posteriorly, the performance of the final design was validated by means of Finite Element Method (FEM). Through simulations of Indirect Field Oriented Current Control (IFOCC) strategy, its behavior under variations of speed and load is verified. It was proved that by appropriately defining the constraints as well as cost functions, satisfactory geometries were obtained, which demonstrated maximum values of torque density. As a result, the algorithm based upon DE has capability of leading the induction motor geometry so that the machine behaves as expected when it is controlled by variable voltage and frequency.
Limiting the morbidity of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer patients; a review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) is performed in the treatment for vulvar cancer. One or more complications after IFL is reported in up to 85% of the patients. This review presents an overview of surgical techniques and peri- and post-operative care that has been studied in order to reduce the morbidity associated with IFL in vulvar cancer patients. Areas covered: Current knowledge on post-operative complications after different surgical techniques and peri- and post-operative protocols were discussed. A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library on 20 February 2017. In order to be eligible for inclusion, studies must report the associated post-operative morbidity per surgical technique, or peri- or post-operative care given after IFL in vulvar cancer patients. Expert commentary: After the implementation of several new surgical techniques, the morbidity after IFL decreased but remains high and clinically meaningful. More research is needed on surgical techniques and peri-or post-operative care to further reduce the complication rates after IFL in vulvar cancer patients.
A 675 GHz Differential Oscillator Based on a Resonant Tunneling Diode

This letter presents a resonant tunneling diode (RTD)-based differential oscillator topology which can enhance output power coupling for THz applications. In order to combine the differential output signals of the RTD differential oscillator, an on-chip dipole antenna is integrated into the InP-based RTD monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology. The fabricated RTD differential oscillator shows a radiated output power of 47 μW with a total dc power consumption of 14.1 mW at an oscillation frequency of 675 GHz. A high dc-to-RF efficiency of 0.33% has been obtained. This is the first implementation as an RTD differential oscillator topology for THz sources, integrated with the on-chip dipole antenna.
Gr‐1 antibody induces STAT signaling, macrophage marker expression and abrogation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell activity in BM cells

The Gr‐1 (RB6‐8C5) Ab binds with high affinity to mouse Ly‐6G molecules and to a lower extent to Ly‐6C and has been widely used for cell depletion in infected or tumor‐bearing mice. Here we found that Gr‐1 treatment of BM cells in vitro and in vivo showed no depleting effects. The epitope recognized by the Gr‐1 Ab overlapped with Ly‐6G (1A8 Ab) but not Ly‐6C (ER‐MP20 Ab). In vitro the Gr‐1 Ab transmitted signals via STAT‐1, STAT‐3 and STAT‐5 into BM cells, similar to GM‐CSF. In healthy mice injected with the Gr‐1 Ab, the Ab remained attached to the surface of myeloid cells for at least four days. Gr‐1 Ab induced myeloid cell expansion, upregulation of macrophage markers, but not the DC marker CD11c. Suppressor activity of two distinct Gr‐1high and Gr‐1low expressing BM‐myeloid‐derived suppressor cell subsets was transiently ablated by Gr‐1 Ab injection. Depleting effects of Gr‐1 Ab could only be observed on inflammatory Ly‐6CintLy‐6Ghigh neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity, which occurred via apoptosis and was associated with the absence of Mcl‐1 expression. Together, Gr‐1 Ab induces signals leading to myelopoiesis and affects myeloid‐derived suppressor cell activity, suggesting functional roles for Ly‐6C/G molecules in macrophage differentiation and neutrophil apoptosis.
Tour routes optimization based on Graph theory for improving instruction services in scenic spots

In order to settle many problems caused by misled tourists in tourism spots it is necessary to help the operators to provide better instruction services based on careful tour rout optimization, thus improving both the customers' travel experiences and operator's services efficiency. The paper aims to deal with this issue by applying Graph theory to optimize tour path and tour flows to provide practical solutions based on two important theoretical models.
Patient satisfaction with the endoscopy experience and willingness to return in a central Canadian health region.

OBJECTIVE Patient experiences with endoscopy visits within a large central Canadian health region were evaluated to determine the relationship between the visit experience and the patients' willingness to return for future endoscopy, and to identify the factors associated with patients' willingness to return. METHODS A self-report survey was distributed to 1200 consecutive individuals undergoing an upper and⁄or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at any one of the six hospital-based endoscopy facilities in the region. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between the patients' overall rating of the visits and willingness to return for repeat procedures under similar medical circumstances. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with willingness to return for repeat endoscopy and overall satisfaction (rating) of the visit. RESULTS A total of 529 (44%) individuals returned the questionnaire, with 45% rating the visit as excellent and 56% indicating they were extremely likely to return for repeat endoscopy. There was a low moderate correlation between overall rating of the visit and patients' willingness to return for repeat endoscopy (r=0.30). The factors independently associated with patient willingness to return for repeat endoscopy included perceived technical skills of the endoscopists (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3 to 5.5]), absence of pain during the procedure (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.3 to 3.6]) and history of previous endoscopy (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.4 to 4.1]). In contrast, the independent factors associated with the overall rating of the visit included information provided pre- and postprocedure, wait time before and on the day of the visit, and the physical environment. CONCLUSIONS To facilitate patient return for needed endoscopy, it is important to assess patients' willingness to return because positive behavioural intent is not simply a function of satisfaction with the visit.