Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harvesting Energy From Magnetic Fields to Power Condition Monitoring Sensors

Condition monitoring is playing an increasingly important role within electrical power networks, where its use can help to reduce maintenance costs, improve supply reliability, and permit increased utilization of equipment capacity by providing a measure of actual operating conditions as an alternative to relying on more stringent “worst case scenario” assumptions. In this context, energy harvesting may have a role to play in that it offers the possibility of realizing autonomous, self-powering sensors that communicate their data wirelessly. In the vicinity of electrical transmission and distribution equipment, alternating magnetic fields at the power frequency offer a potential source of energy that does not require hard-wiring or batteries. There are many potentially useful locations for sensors where the level of magnetic flux density may be sufficient to provide enough power for a low-power wireless sensor node. This paper describes a free-standing inductive harvester for use in positions where there is an ambient magnetic field due to conductors that are remote and/or inaccessible. Using data from surveys of magnetic flux density levels at two substations, optimum core and coil designs for the harvester are obtained through theoretical analyses and experiments. A demonstrator is then constructed in which a wireless sensor becomes self-powering when immersed in a 50-Hz magnetic field. Laboratory results show that this system can deliver a useful average power of 300 $\mu{\rm W}$ when placed in a magnetic flux density of 18 $\mu T_{rms}$.
The burden of prevention: downstream consequences of Pap smear testing in the elderly

Context: Although cervical cancer is an unusual cause of death among women 65 and older, most elderly women in the US report continuing to undergo periodic Pap smear screening. Objective: To describe the incidence of Pap smears and downstream testing among elderly women. Setting: Claims-based analysis of female Medicare enrollees age 65 and older. Methods: Using three years of Medicare Part B 5% Files (1995-1997), we differentiated between women undergoing screening Pap smears and those undergoing Pap smears for surveillance of previous abnormalities or Pap smear follow-up. We determined the proportion of elderly women undergoing Pap smear testing and rates of downstream testing and procedures after an initial Pap smear. Results: Four million female Medicare beneficiaries over 65 years underwent Pap smear testing between 1995 and 1997, representing 25% of the eligible population. After adjusting for underbilling for Pap smears under Medicare, 43% of women over 65 are estimated to have undergone Pap smear testing during the 3-year period. The large majority (90%) of Pap smears were for screening, while 10% were done for surveillance or follow-up. For every 1000 women with a screening Pap smear, 39 had at least one downstream intervention within eight months of the initial Pap smear, including seven women who underwent colposcopy and two women who had other surgical procedures. Rates of downstream interventions were considerably higher for women undergoing Pap smear follow-up (302 per 1000 with at least one downstream intervention), and surveillance of previous abnormalities (209 per 1000 with a downstream intervention). Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening is widespread among elderly American women, and follow-up testing is not uncommon, particularly among the ten percent of women who appear to be in a cycle of repeated testing. This substantial volume of testing occurs despite the rarity of cervical cancer deaths and unknown benefits of screening in this age group.
Relevance of Ki-67 and prognostic factors for recurrence/progression of gonadotropic adenomas after first surgery.

OBJECTIVE Gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas carry a high risk of local recurrence or progression (R/P) of remnant tumor after first surgery. The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcome of these silent adenomas, which show no signs of endocrine hyperfunction, differ from those of other types of pituitary adenomas. However, to date, no study has focused specifically on gonadotropic adenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify prognostic factors of R/P of remnants, we studied the postoperative outcome of 32 gonadotropic pituitary adenomas, defined on immunohistochemical staining, according to their clinical and radiological characteristics as well as the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). RESULTS The Ki-67 LI failed to provide independent information for the identification of patients at risk of progression of remnants or recurrence. Multivariate survival analysis (Cox regression) showed that neither invasiveness nor remnant tumors nor hyposomatotropism influenced tumor recurrence. The strongest predicting factors of R/P were the antero-posterior (AP) diameter in the sagittal plane (P = 0.014), and the age of the patient at surgery (P = 0.047), with younger patients being at greater risk. Hazard ratios were 2.11 for each 5 mm increase in AP diameter and 0.57 for every 10 years of age. CONCLUSION The two simple clinical criteria revealed by our study, the AP diameter of the tumor and the age of the patient, should be helpful in planning clinical management and radiological monitoring after first surgery of gonadotropic adenomas, while awaiting the identification of other pathological parameters.
Delayed response in the rat frontal lobe transcriptome to perinatal exposure to the flame retardant BDE‐47

BDE‐47 is the most prevalent congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which are widely used flame retardants, and is known for endocrine and behavioral disrupting properties in animals. Transient effect on spontaneous motor activity in rats following perinatal exposure to BDE‐47 at low doses, relevant to human exposure, was reported in our previous study. The objective of this study was to screen for the long‐term effects on gene expression in the brain of rats perinatally exposed to BDE‐47. Wistar dams were exposed to BDE‐47 (0.002 and 0.2 mg kg−1 body weight) from gestation day 15 to postnatal day (PND) 20. Total RNA was extracted from the whole brain at PND10 and the brain frontal lobes at PND41 and hybridized to whole‐genome RNA expression microarrays. The genes, differentially expressed 1.5‐fold, were analyzed with the DAVID bioinformatics resources for cluster and gene‐term enrichment. At PND41, clusters of genes involved in nerve impulse transmission, nervous system development and functioning, and core biosynthetic process were altered, including several downregulated genes of cation channels. Representation of LINE1 RNA was decreased significantly. Altered expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment occured at least 3 weeks after the last exposure and the behavioral manifestation of low dose BDE‐47 toxicity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression by directionally selective ganglion cells

Acetylcholine (ACh) enhances the preferred direction responses of directionally selective ganglion cells (DS GCs; Ariel & Daw, 1982; Ariel & Adolph, 1985) through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs; Ariel & Daw, 1982; Massey et al., 1997; Kittila & Massey, 1997). DS GCs appear to express at least two types of nAChRs, those that are sensitive to the partially subtype-specific antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), and those that are MLA-insensitive (Reed et al., 2002). Our purpose was to confirm the expression of α7 nAChRs by DS GCs and to assess the contributions of other nAChR subtypes to DS GC responses. Using choline as a nAChR partially subtype-specific agonist, we found that the majority of DS GCs demonstrated responses to choline while under synaptic blockade. The blockade or reduction of choline-induced responses by bath application of nanomolar (nM) concentrations of MLA provided direct evidence that the choline responses were mediated by α7 nAChRs. Because choline is a partial agonist for α3β4 nAChRs (Alkondon et al., 1997), the residual choline responses are consistent with mediation by α3β4 nAChRs. Additionally, a subset of DS GCs responded to nicotine but not to choline, indicating the expression of a third nAChR subtype. The pharmacological results were supported by single cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry experiments. The expression of α7 and specific non-α7 nAChR subtypes was correlated with the preferred direction. This indicates the possibility of differential responses to ACh depending on the direction of movement. This is the first description of differential expression of multiple nAChR subtypes by DS GCs.
Medicare Spending for Breast, Prostate, Lung, and Colorectal Cancer Patients in the Year of Diagnosis and Year of Death.

OBJECTIVE To characterize spending patterns for Medicare patients with incident breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING/STUDY DESIGN 2007-2012 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program linked with Medicare fee-for-service claims. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS We calculate per-patient monthly and yearly mean and median expenditures, by cancer type, stage at diagnosis, and spending category, over the years of diagnosis and death. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Over the year of diagnosis, mean spending was $35,849, $26,295, $55,597, and $63,063 for breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Over the year of death, spending was similar across different cancer types and stage at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of Medicare spending according to clinically meaningful categories may assist development of oncology alternative payment models and cost-effectiveness models.
A Less Conservative LMI Condition for Stability of Discrete-Time Systems With Slope-Restricted Nonlinearities

Many conditions have been found for the absolute stability of discrete-time Lur'e systems in the literature. It is advantageous to find convex searches via LMIs where possible. In this technical note, we construct two less conservative LMI conditions for discrete-time systems with slope-restricted nonlinearities. The first condition is derived via Lyapunov theory while the second is derived via the theory of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) and noncausal Zames-Falb multipliers. Both conditions are related to the Jury-Lee criterion most appropriate for systems with such nonlinearities, and the second generalizes it. Numerical examples demonstrate a significant reduction in conservatism over competing approaches.
Potential of Native Rhizobia in Enhancing Nitrogen Fixation and Yields of Climbing Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Contrasting Environments of Eastern Kenya

Climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Kenya is greatly undermined by low soil fertility, especially in agriculturally prolific areas. The use of effective native rhizobia inoculants to promote nitrogen fixation could be beneficial in climbing bean production. In this study, we carried out greenhouse and field experiments to evaluate symbiotic efficiency, compare the effect of native rhizobia and commercial inoculant on nodulation, growth and yield parameters of mid-altitude climbing bean (MAC 13 and MAC 64) varieties. The greenhouse experiment included nine native rhizobia isolates, a consortium of native isolates, commercial inoculant Biofix, a mixture of native isolates + Biofix, nitrogen treated control and a non-inoculated control. In the field experiments, the treatments included the best effective native rhizobia isolate ELM3, a consortium of native isolates, a commercial inoculant Biofix, a mixture of native isolates + Biofix, and a non-inoculated control. Remarkably, four native rhizobia isolates ELM3, ELM4, ELM5, and ELM8 showed higher symbiotic efficiencies compared to the Biofix. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in symbiotic efficiency between the two climbing bean varieties. Field results demonstrated a significant improvement in nodule dry weight and seed yields of MAC 13 and MAC 64 climbing bean varieties upon rhizobia inoculation when compared to the non-inoculated controls. Inoculation with ELM3 isolate resulted to the highest seed yield of 4,397.75 kg ha−1, indicating 89% increase over non-inoculated control (2,334.81 kg ha−1) and 30% increase over Biofix (3,698.79 kg ha−1). Farm site significantly influenced nodule dry weight and seed yields. This study, therefore, revealed the potential of native rhizobia isolates to enhance delivery of agroecosystem services including nitrogen fixation and bean production. Further characterization and mapping of the native isolates will be imperative in development of effective and affordable commercial inoculants.
Action modeling: language models that predict query behavior

We present a novel language modeling approach to capturing the query reformulation behavior of Web search users. Based on a framework that categorizes eight different types of "user moves" (adding/removing query terms, etc.), we treat search sessions as sequence data and build n-gram language models to capture user behavior. We evaluated our models in a prediction task. The results suggest that useful patterns of activity can be extracted from user histories. Furthermore, by examining prediction performance under different order n-gram models, we gained insight into the amount of history/context that is associated with different types of user actions. Our work serves as the basis for more refined user models.
Sensing strains and stresses through dielectrostriction response

Strains in a loaded material can be monitored through its dielectrostriction response. Dielectrostriction is defined as variation of material's dielectric properties with deformation. A planar interdigitated sensor measuring dielectrostriction response is capable monitoring deformation of a material without mechanical contact. Present study confirms linearity of the dielectrostriction response with strains. Demonstrated four capacitor sensor rosette is capable to measure both principal direction and difference in principal strains of a plane loaded specimen
Topography induced spatial variations in diurnal cycles of assimilation and latent heat of Mediterranean forest.

The aim of this study is to explain topography in- duced spatial variations in the diurnal cycles of assimilation and latent heat of Mediterranean forest. Spatial variations of the fluxes are caused by variations in weather conditions and in vegetation characteristics. Weather conditions reflect short-term effects of climate, whereas vegetation character- istics, through adaptation and acclimation, long-term effects of climate. In this study measurements of plant physiology and weather conditions are used to explain observed differ- ences in the fluxes. A model is used to study which part of the differences in the fluxes is caused by weather condi- tions and which part by vegetation characteristics. Data were collected at four experimental sub-Mediterranean deciduous forest plots in a heterogeneous terrain with contrasting as- pect, soil water availability, humidity and temperature. We used a sun-shade model to scale fluxes from leaf to canopy, and calculated the canopy energy balance. Parameter values were derived from measurements of light interception, leaf chamber photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen content and 13 C iso- tope discrimination in leaf material. Leaf nitrogen content is a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and 13 C isotope dis- crimination of water use efficiency. For validation, sap-flux based measurements of transpiration were used. The model predicted diurnal cycles of transpiration and stomatal con- ductance, both their magnitudes and differences in afternoon stomatal closure between slopes of different aspect within the confidence interval of the validation data. Weather condi- tions mainly responsible for the shape of the diurnal cycles, and vegetation parameters for the magnitude of the fluxes. Although the data do not allow for a quantification of the two effects, the differences in vegetation parameters and weather among the plots and the sensitivity of the fluxes to them sug- gest that the diurnal cycles were more strongly affected by spatial variations in vegetation parameters than by meteo- rological variables. This indicates that topography induced variations in vegetation parameters are of equal importance to the fluxes as topography induced variations in radiation, humidity and temperature.
A novel hierarchical decomposition model for facial caricature synthesis

This paper presents a hierarchical decomposition model for frontal face caricature generation. The proposed model represents facial features within the framework of a three-layer parsing tree over multiple resolutions. In the face, facial component and texture structure layers of the model, the CLM (Constrained Local Models) based facial feature localization method, the multiple SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifiers fusion based facial component classification algorithm and the NCC (Normalized Cross Correlation) based texture structure analysis approach are utilized to obtain adequate information of the global, partial and detailed facial features respectively. All the facial features analyzed from the above-mentioned coarse-to-fine procedure are associated with corresponding grammatical descriptions defined in a rendering dictionary generalized from the training set that maps each grammatical description to a sub caricature template. According to the associated grammatical descriptions of a face, corresponding sub caricature templates are synthesized and rendered to form an expressive caricature. Experimental results prove that the proposed method is practical and robust for facial caricaturing applications.
Cellular dynamical mean-field theory of the periodic Anderson model

We develop a cluster dynamical mean-field theory of the periodic Anderson model in three dimensions, taking a cluster of two sites as a basic reference frame. The mean-field theory displays the basic features of the Doniach phase diagram: a paramagnetic Fermi liquid state, an antiferromagnetic state, and a transition between them. In contrast with spin-density wave theories, the transition is accompanied by a large increase of the effective mass everywhere on the Fermi surface and a substantial change of the Fermi surface shape across the transition. To understand the nature and the origin of the phases near the transition, we investigate the paramagnetic solution underlying the antiferromagnetic state, and identify the transition as a point where the $f$ electrons decouple from the conduction electrons undergoing an orbitally selective Mott transition. This point turns out to be intimately related to the two-impurity Kondo model quantum critical point. In this regime, nonlocal correlations become important and result in significant changes in the photoemission spectra and the de Haas\char21{}van Alphen frequencies. The transition involves considerable $f$ spectral weight transfer from the Fermi level to its immediate vicinity, rather than to the Hubbard bands as in single-site dynamical mean-field theory.
Presentation of self in coping with anger and anxiety: An intentional approach

Abstract An intentional approach to coping is outlined addressing the issue of what persons want to achieve in coping with emotions. Four dimensions of coping intentions are proposed: Problem solving, regulating emotional distress, protecting self-esteem, and managing social interactions. Special reference is given to presentational intentions defined as attempts to communicate self-images. Guided by a specificity view of emotion anxiety- and anger-related coping reactions and intentions are described. The theoretical approach is illustrated by an exploratory study in which verbal scripts for a social anxiety and an anger episode were used. One hundred and two male and female students reacted to the episodes by reporting their emotional responses, coping reactions, and coping intentions. The results indicate marked differences in coping reactions and intentions between the two emotions. Demonstrating resistance turned out to be the pronounced theme in coping with anger, while smoothly preserving a favorab.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands in a Mouse Model of Anxiety: Further Evidence for an Anxiolytic Role for Endogenous Cannabinoid Signaling

Extracts of Cannabis sativa have been used for their calming and sedative effects for centuries. Recent developments in drug discovery have suggested that modulation of neuronal endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems could represent a novel approach to the treatment of anxiety-related disorders while minimizing the adverse effects of direct acting cannabinoid receptor agonists. In this study, we evaluated the effects of direct cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists and endocannabinoid-modulating drugs on anxiety-like behavior in mice using the elevated-plus maze. We found that the direct CB1 receptor agonists (1R,3R,4R)-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexan-1-ol (CP 55,940) (0.001-0.3 mg/kg) and 2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate) (WIN 55212-2) (0.3-10 mg/kg) increased time spent on the open arms (To) at low doses only. At the highest doses tested, both compounds altered overall locomotor activity. In contrast, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.25-10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction in To. The endocannabinoid uptake/catabolism inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylarachidonylamide (AM404) (0.3-10 mg/kg) produced an increase in To at low doses and had no effect at the highest dose tested. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3′-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl ester (URB597) (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) produced a monophasic, dose-dependent increase in To. The CB1 receptor antagonists N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide HCl (SR141716) (1-10 mg/kg) and N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251) (1-10 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in To. These data indicate that activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors reduces anxiety-like behaviors in mice and further support an anxiolytic role for endogenous cannabinoid signaling. These results suggest that pharmacological modulation of this system could represent a new approach to the treatment of anxiety-related psychiatric disorders.
Classroom Focus: The U.S. Midwest Teaching Culture in Adult ESL: Pedagogical and Ethical Considerations

Several scholars have criticized ESL language pedagogy that promotes western values. They caution against using approaches that are hegemonic and ultimately self-serving. This issue is most salient in the area of teaching culture to adult ESL learners. Despite criticism, teachers of adult ESL find that teaching culture is part of the adult ESL program. This article examines the ethical and pedagogical dimensions of teaching culture to adult ESL learners. Results of a qualitative study of an adult ESL program and its approach to culture in the classroom are presented. Findings show that while some criticisms may be warranted, teaching culture is believed to be important to communicative competence, and teachers and students acknowledge this.
BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMS IN DEMENTIA: NATURE AND TREATMENT

Cognitive deficits are the recognised symptoms of the dementias of later life. However, behavioural symptoms also contribute significantly to the problem and are often the main reason for a clinical consultation. The present study describes non - cognitive behavioural symptoms in 30 patients during various stages of dementia. Anxiety, depressive features, agitation, wandering and paranoid symptoms are the main features. The paper also discusses the usefulness and limitation of pharmacological treatment of these symptoms.