Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Head, face and neck injury in youth rugby: incidence and risk factors

Objectives In this study, the incidence of head, neck and facial injuries in youth rugby was determined, and the associated risk factors were assessed. Design Data were extracted from a cluster randomised controlled trial of headgear with the football teams as the unit of randomisation. No effect was observed for headgear use on injury rates, and the data were pooled. Setting General school and club-based community competitive youth rugby in the 2002 and 2003 seasons. Participants Young male rugby union football players participating in under-13, under 15, under 18 and under 21 years competitions. Eighty-two teams participated in year 1 and 87 in year 2. Main outcome measures Injury rates for all body regions combined, head, neck and face calculated for game and missed game injuries. Results 554 head, face and neck injuries were recorded within a total of 28 902 h of rugby game exposure. Level of play and player position were related to injury risk. Younger players had the lowest rates of injury; forwards, especially the front row had the highest rate of neck injury; and inside backs had the highest rate of injuries causing the player to miss a game. Contact events, including the scrum and tackle, were the main events leading to injury. Conclusion Injury prevention must focus on the tackle and scrum elements of a youth rugby game.
Molecule formation in ultracold atomic gases

This review describes recent experimental and theoretical advances in forming molecules in ultracold gases of trapped alkali metal atoms, both by magnetic tuning through Feshbach resonances and by photoassociation. Molecular Bose–Einstein condensation of long-range states of both boson dimers and fermion dimers was achieved in 2002–2003. Condensates of boson dimers were found to be short-lived, but long-lived condensates of fermion dimers have been produced. Signatures of triatomic and tetraatomic molecules have recently been observed. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules have been formed by photoassociation, mostly in very high vibrational levels. Recent attempts to produce ultracold molecules in short-range states (low vibrational levels) are described. Experimental and theoretical work on collisions of ultracold molecules is discussed. 1. Introduction 498 2. Basic properties of ultracold atomic gases 499 2.1. Bosons and fermions 499 2.2. Hyperfine structure 499 2.3. Trapping and cooling 500 2.4. Bose–Einstein condensation and Fermi degeneracy 501 2.5. Scattering lengths 502 2.6. Feshbach resonances 503 3. Molecules formed by Feshbach resonance tuning 506 3.1. Dimers of bosonic atoms 506 3.2. Dimers of fermionic atoms 508 3.3. Heteronuclear Feshbach resonances 511 3.4. Triatomic and larger molecules 512 4. Molecules formed by photoassociation 512 4.1. Photoassociation in Bose–Einstein Condensates 514 4.2. Coherent control 515 4.3. Molecules in low vibrational states 516 5. Molecules in optical lattices 517 6. Collisions of ultracold molecules 519 7. Conclusions 521 Acknowledgments 522 References 522
ICH E9 guideline ‘Statistical principles for clinical trials’: a case study

The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E9 guideline ‘Statistical principles for clinical trials’ was adopted by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products in March 1998, and consequently is operational in Europe. It has also been adopted in the U.S.A. and Japan. The aim of this paper is to relate the problems encountered during a recent regulatory submission to those discussed in the ICH E9 guideline. Statistical principles discussed in the guideline, but not comprehensively addressed when the clinical development programme was initiated in the mid‐1990s, will be reviewed. The impact of each issue on the approvability of the dossier will be discussed, together with recommendations on how to avoid such problems with other ongoing clinical development programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endogenous nitric oxide and exogenous nitric oxide supplementation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.

BACKGROUND Although nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be beneficial in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), the mechanisms for this effect are not well established. METHODS To investigate the effects of endogenous NO and exogenous NO supplementation on hepatic I/R injury and their pathogenic mechanisms, serum ALT and hyaluronic acid (endothelial cell damage), and hepatic malondialdehyde and H2O2 (oxidative stress), myeloperoxidase activity (leukocyte accumulation), and endothelin (vasoconstrictor peptide opposite to NO) were determined at different reperfusion periods in untreated rats and rats receiving L-NAME, L-NAME+L-arginine, and spermine NONOate (exogenous NO donor). RESULTS After reperfusion every parameter increased in untreated animals. Endogenous NO synthesis inhibition by L-NAME increased hepatocyte and endothelial damage as compared to untreated rats, which was reverted and even improved by the addition of L-arginine. Spermine NONOate also improved this damage. However, different mechanisms account for the beneficial effect of endogenous and exogenous NO. Oxidative stress decreased by both L-NAME and L-NAME+L-arginine, but remained unmodified by spermine NONOate. Myeloperoxidase increased by L-NAME and this effect was reverted by the addition of L-arginine, whereas no change was observed with spermine NONOate. Endothelin levels were not modified by L-NAME and L-NAME+L-arginine, but decreased with spermine NONOate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, although both endogenous and exogenous NO exert a protective role in experimental hepatic I/R injury, the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of the two sources of NO are different.
“It Gave Me My Life Back”

Community-based advocacy services are important in enabling victims to escape domestic abuse and rebuild their lives. This study evaluated a domestic abuse service. Two phases of research were conducted following case-file analysis (n = 86): surveys (n = 22) and interviews (n = 12) with victims, and interviews with key individuals (n = 12) based in related statutory and community organizations. The findings revealed the holistic model of legal, practical, mental health–related, and advocacy components resulted in a range of benefits to victims and enhanced interagency partnership working. Core elements of a successful needs-led, victim-centered service could be distilled.
An automatic setting for training restricted boltzmann machine

Recently, deep learning techniques create much of a stir in machine learning. Its prominent performances can found in large number of applications in pattern recognition, such as image recognition, speech recognition and video processing. Most of the existing deep architectures are based on or related to restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM). However, the model selection problem in RBM and its deep architecture is very intractable since both their learning and inference are highly time-consuming. In this paper, we introduce an automatic setting for training a RBM, including structure design, log-likelihood approximation and batch learning design. We give a practical setting guide for training a RBM, which is deduced from the experiments on Bar-and-Stripe benchmark inpainting.
Nutrition and Disease Epigallocatechin Gallate Has a Neurorescue Effect in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has been associated with many factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and iron accumulation. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and iron-chelating properties of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, may offer protection against PD. Objective: We sought to determine the neurorescue effects of EGCG and the role of iron in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD. Methods: We evaluated the neurorescue effect of EGCG (25 mg/kg, 7 d, oral administration) against MPTP-induced (20 mg/kg, 3 d, intraperitoneal injection) neurodegeneration in C57 male black mice. Thirty mice weighing ;25 g were divided into 3 groups: control, MPTP, and MPTP + EGCG. The neurorescue effect of EGCG was assessed with the use of motor behavior tests, neurotransmitter analysis, oxidative stress indicators, and iron-related protein expression. Results: Compared with the control group, MPTP treatment shortened the mice s latency to fall from the rotarod by 16% (P < 0.05), decreased the striatal dopamine concentration by 58% (P < 0.001) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid by 35% (P < 0.05), and increased serum protein carbonyls by 71% (P = 0.07). However, EGCG rescued MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by increasing the rotational latency by 17% (P < 0.05) to a value similar to the control group. Striatal dopamine concentrations were 40% higher in the MPTP + EGCG group than in the MPTP group (P < 0.05), but the values were significantly lower than in the control group. Compared with the MPTP and control groups, mice in the MPTP + EGCG group had higher substantia nigra ferroportin expression (44% and 35%, respectively) (P < 0.05) but not hepcidin and divalent metal transporter 1 expression. Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrated that EGCG regulated the iron-export protein ferroportin in substantia nigra, reduced oxidative stress, and exerted a neurorescue effect against MPTP-induced functional and neurochemical deficits in mice. J Nutr 2017;147:1926–31.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Polyamine Synthesis Inhibitor SAM486A in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil/ Leucovorin in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, safety profile, and pharmacokinetics of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor SAM486A given in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in cancer patients. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with 5-FU [bolus (400 mg/m2) followed by a 22-h infusion (600 mg/m2)] and LV (200 mg/m2) and escalating doses of SAM486A, 1–3-h infusion daily for 3 days. Plasma sampling was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the combination Results: Twenty-seven patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and 1 with pseudomyxoma peritonei were treated. Twenty-six patients received SAM486A in the combination at doses ranging from 25 to 150 mg/m2/day. Dose-limiting toxicity consisting of fatigue grade 3 was seen at 150 mg/m2/day. Other adverse events included neutropenia, hand and foot syndrome, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Fifteen of 26 patients evaluable for best response according to the Southwest Oncology Group criteria achieved a partial response [8 (30%) of 26] or stable disease [9 (35%) of 26]. SAM486A did not influence the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU, and SAM486A clearance was similar to that when used as a single agent. Conclusions: The novel molecular agent SAM486A is tolerable and safe in combination with a standard 5-FU regimen in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The dose of SAM486A recommended for additional studies with this combination is 125 mg/m2/day. A disease-directed evaluation of SAM486A using this regimen is warranted.
Investigation of Thermosonic Wire Bonding Resistance of Gold Wire Onto Copper Pad

This paper discusses the electric performance for thermosonic wire bonding of gold wire onto copper pads. Various methods normally used to improve bondability were investigated including the bare copper pads with argon shielding gas and the copper pads with cupric oxide film, cuprous oxide film, and silver film. The micro-contact theory was used to determine the effective contact area. The circuit contact resistance was measured for each sample and was presented in terms of ultrasound power and effective contact area. The results show that the increase in the effective contact area leads to a lower circuit contact resistance before reaching a minimum value, and further increase in the effective contact area would not have noticeable effect on the resistance.
Stable Control of Force, Position, and Stiffness for Robot Joints Powered via Pneumatic Muscles

This paper proposes a novel controller framework for antagonistically driven pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) actuators. The proposed controller can be stably configured in both torque-stiffness control and position-stiffness control modes. Three contributions are sequentially presented in constructing the framework: 1) A PAM force feedback controller with guaranteed stability is synthesized in a way so as to contend with nonlinear PAM characteristics; 2) a mathematical tool is developed to compute reference PAM forces, for a given set of desired joint torque and joint stiffness inputs; and 3) on top of the torque controller, a position control scheme is implemented and its stability analysis is given in the sense of Lyapunov. In order to test the controller framework, an extensive set of experiments are conducted using an actuator that is constructed using two antagonistically coupled PAMs. As a result, the actuator exhibits satisfactory tracking performances concerning both torque–stiffness control and position–stiffness control modes.
Guided protein extraction from formalin‐fixed tissues for quantitative multiplex analysis avoids detrimental effects of histological stains

Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues are the basis for histopathological diagnosis of many diseases around the world. For translational research and routine diagnostics, protein analysis from FFPE tissues is very important. We evaluated the potential influence of six histological stains, including hematoxylin (Mayer and Gill), fast red, light green, methyl blue and toluidine blue, for yield, electrophoretic mobility in 1‐D gels, and immunoreactivity of proteins isolated from formalin‐fixed breast cancer tissues. Proteins extracted from stained FFPE tissues using a recently established technique were compared with proteins obtained from the same tissues but without prior histological staining. Western blot and quantitative protein lysate microarray analysis demonstrated that histological staining can result in decreased protein yield but may not have much influence on immunoreactivity and electrophoretic mobility. Interestingly, not all staining protocols tested are compatible with subsequent protein analysis. The commonly used hematoxylin staining was found to be suitable for multiplexed quantitative protein measurement technologies although protein extraction was less efficient. For best results we suggest a guided protein extraction method, in which an adjacent hematoxylin/eosin‐stained tissue section is used to control dissection of an unstained specimen for subsequent protein extraction and quantification for research and diagnosis.
Algebraic Visualization Design for Pedagogy

We report on successes and challenges in using our recentlyproposed Algebraic Visualization Design as the basis for teaching visualization. The experiences suggest that the principles in that paper can serve as unifying framework for introducing the fundamentals of data visualization, as long as the overtly mathematical flavor of the framework is not a disincentive. We find that the better we can relate the framework to ideas to which students have already been exposed, the better they understand it.
Effect of Long-Term Application of Biosolids on Molybdenum Content and Quality of Winter Wheat Forage

Abstract Forages that accumulate excessive molybdenum (Mo) from excessive land application of Mo can cause molybdenosis, a copper (Cu) induced deficiency in ruminants. Limited information is available on the effect of land-applied biosolids, Mo content, and quality of winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of biosolids application on tissue molybdenum and tissue copper (Cu):Mo of winter wheat forage and, (2) to measure the Mo uptake coefficient value (UC) for winter wheat under field conditions and compare it with the U.S. EPA Part 503 risk-based UC value of 0.42. Two nitrogen sources, anaerobically digested biosolids and ammonium nitrate, were applied annually from 1993–2001 to continuous winter wheat. The experimental design was a complete factorial arrangement of treatments composed of six nitrogen (N) rates (0, 45, 90, 180, 269, and 539 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and two N sources (anaerobically-digested biosolids and ammonium nitrate, 34-0-0). Application of biosolids did not significantly alter soil pH, which ranged from 6.6 to 7.2. Biosolids application increased soil Cu from 7.19 to 19.6 mg kg-1 and soil Mo from 0.44 to 1.02 mg/kg. Forage uptake of Mo and Cu showed temporal variation between years but increased with biosolids application rate. The Cu:Mo ratio of washed forage was > 2.9 and was inversely related to biosolids application rate. Forage Mo was < 2 mg kg-1. Unwashed forage had a larger Cu:Mo ratio than washed forage. Forage Mo increased with biosolids application for unwashed forage. However, the Cu:Mo ratio of unwashed forage decreased with increased biosolids application and the unwashed forage Cu:Mo ratio was > 10. Biosolids application had no effect on forage sulfur (S) content that was < 3000 mg kg-1. The calculated UC of Mo for winter wheat in Oklahoma of 0.24 (washed forage) and 0.36 (unwashed forage) is less than the UC of 0.42 used by U.S. EPA in its risk assessment governing land application of biosolids. These results suggest winter wheat forage produced using biosolids presents minimal risk of molybdenosis to livestock. Ingestion of soil on unwashed forage increases forage Cu:Mo and offers more protection from the risk of molybdenosis.
Hexakis(prop-2-enamide)copper(II) bis(perchlorate) and hexakis(prop-2-enamide)manganese(II) bis(perchlorate).

The structures of [Cu(AA)(6)](ClO(4))(2), (I), and [Mn(AA)(6)](ClO(4))(2), (II) (AA is acrylamide, also known as prop-2-enamide; C(3)H(5)NO), display both intra- and intermolecular N-H.O hydrogen bonding. A three-dimensional network is propagated via the perchlorate counter-ions. There are two crystallographically independent molecules in the copper complex, with the most significant difference between them being the conformation of one symmetry-related pair of AA ligands which are in the unusual syn conformation. The copper complex exhibits syn/anti disorder of the =CH(2) group in one pair of symmetry-related AA ligands. The Cu(II) and Mn(II) centres are both situated on centres of inversion. The copper complex cation has octahedral coordination geometry with typical Jahn-Teller distortions.
Roles of Toll‐like receptors in innate immune responses

Innate immunity recognizes invading micro‐organisms and triggers a host defence response. However, the molecular mechanism for innate immune recognition was unclear. Recently, a family of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) was identified, and crucial roles for these receptors in the recognition of microbial components have been elucidated. The TLR family consists of 10 members and will be expanding. Each TLR distinguishes between specific patterns of microbial components to provoke innate immune responses. The activation of innate immunity then leads to the development of antigen‐specific adaptive immunity. Thus, TLRs control both innate and adaptive immune responses.
The Role of Surgery in Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Analysis from a Single Hospital

Background: Traditionally, in Crohn's disease (CD), surgery has played an essential role in the treatment of complications. TNF-α-blockers have significantly improved results of conservative treatment but they do not definitely cure Crohn's disease. Aim: Our aim was to examine the prevalence of and indications for surgical procedures in CD in our hospital. Material and Methods: A retrospective survey included all CD patients diagnosed in our hospital referral area during a 10-year period in 1996–2005. Results: Altogether 114 new patients with CD were diagnosed, 56 (49%) males, 58 (51%) females. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years. In all, 31 (27%) patients underwent some surgical procedure, and of these, 12 (39%) underwent an emergency operation. The most common indication for surgery was bowel obstruction. The most frequent procedures were ileocolic resection in 12 (39%) patients and small bowel resection in 10 (32%). Conclusions: Almost one-third of CD patients needed surgical therapy in an early phase of their disease, and more than one-third of these underwent an emergency procedure. Obstructive symptoms were the most common indication for surgery in the early phase of CD.
Machine Learning for Improved PET/CT Fusion Images

Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-1776 / Machine Learning for Improved PET/CT Fusion Images" by: "A. W. Sauter1, K. S. Mader2, G. Sommer1, B. Stieltjes1; 1Basel/CH, 2Zurich, Schweiz/CH"
Measuring the Size of the Extracellular Fluid Space Using Bromide, Iohexol, and Sodium Dilution

There is a need to find methods to assess the size of the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume without involving radioactive tracers. For this purpose, we applied 3 methods for measuring the ECF volume in 10 male volunteers (mean age, 34 yr). Steady-state plasma bromide concentration (control) was compared to the results of kinetic analysis of plasma iohexol and to kinetic analysis of the dilution of serum sodium after IV infusion of 1 L of isotonic mannitol. The volume of distribution of these tracers was used to indicate the ECF volume. The results disclosed statistically significant correlations between the results of all 3 methods, although the average sodium dilution showed 0.7 L lower values than iohexol and 1.4 L lower than bromide. All three methods correlated significantly with body weight. The percentage of the body weight indicated by the methods was 18.3% (3.1%) for sodium, 19.6% (1.0%) for iohexol, and 20.5% (1.1%) for bromide. We conclude that sodium dilution may be performed at bedside but iohexol and bromide showed less intersubject variability. Iohexol simultaneously measures the glomerular filtration rate and should be a viable clinical option if the hospital performs routine assessments of kidney function using this tracer.
Template-based traditional building component modelling

Creating 3D object models is a crucial in many areas such as computer graphics, virtual reality, animations, and computer aided design(CAD). In this paper, we discuss our ongoing research on creating traditional building component modelling using component templates. We developed a prototype system that can create building component templates by editing fundamental 3D object primitives using the open source CAD software FreeCAD. Once a building component template is created, it will be segmented and analyzed to select the unit shapes that are commonly and frequently used for a variety of component templates, and they will be registered back into the primitive database so that they can be used in creating other templates in the future. Our system provides easy-to-use editing tool that a user can create the shape of the building component and then the system automatically generate a set of parameters necessary to describe the shape. Our experience showed that users can easily create the component templates they desire to make in a few minutes.