Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Myelin Vacuolation (mv) Rat with a Null Mutation in the Attractin Gene

We recently found a spontaneous tremor mutant in an outbred colony of Sprague-Dawley rats. The tremor behavior was exhibited from around 3 weeks of age and inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The mutant rats had variously sized vacuoles in the neuropil and white matter throughout the central nervous system, especially in the brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Ultrastructurally these vacuoles mainly consisted of splitting of myelin lamella both in the periaxonal and intermyelinic spaces. Linkage analysis using intercross progeny between the myelin vacuolation (mv) rat, named after the pathologic characteristics, and normal control rat strains showed that the mv phenotypes were cosegregated with polymorphic markers adjacent to the Atrn (Attractin, formerly zi [zitter]) locus on rat chromosome 3. A test for allelism suggested that the mv mutation was a new allele in Atrn. In comparison with a marked decrease of Atrnzi/Arnzi, Northern blot analysis revealed no expression of Atrn mRNA in the brain of the mv rats. Finally, a genomic deletion including exon 1 of the mv rats was detected by genomic and sequence analyses. Discovery of the rat null mutation Atrnmv, different from Atrnzi, provides a new animal model for studying the functions of the attractin protein.
Explaining the nature of power: a three-process theory

Power is an inescapable feature of human social life and structure. This paper addresses the nature of power. The standard theory is that power is the capacity for influence and that influence is based on the control of resources valued or desired by others. However, there have always been problems with this theory and new ones have appeared. The paper summarizes the standard theory and its problems, outlines the different meanings of power and presents a new theory emphasizing group identity, social organization and ideology rather than dependence as the basis of power. It proposes that power is based on persuasion, authority and coercion. A key point is that the theory changes the way these processes have been understood by reversing the causal sequence of the standard theory. The latter argues that control of resources produces power, power is the basis of influence and that mutual influence leads to the formation of a psychological group. The three-process theory argues that psychological group formation produces influence, that influence is the basis of power and that power leads to the control of resources. Implications of the theory for social change, coercion, prejudice and the extent to which power is a social evil are briefly noted. The challenge is to study how power emerges from and functions within social relationships with a definite social, ideological and historical content rather than reifying it as an abstract external force producing generic psychological effects. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Few would deny that power is central to human affairs or a key concept in the social sciences. Roberts (2003) argues that it is the basis of society: ‘The ability of one person to make a hundred others do his [sic] bidding is the basic building block upon which all collective human endeavour is based’ (p. xv). Keltner, Gruenfeld, and Anderson (2003) state that it is ‘a basic force in social relationships’ (p. 265). It appears to be a universal and indispensable feature of social organization, at work in all political, organizational and institutional life and, in some views, in every social relationship. Every group, organization or society must solve the problems of power to achieve its goals or risk failure, dysfunction or even extinction. But what exactly is power? How should it be defined, what are the processes through which it operates, what are their distinctive effects on attitudes and behaviour, and
Spectral Projector-Based Graph Fourier Transforms

This paper considers the definition of the graph Fourier transform (GFT) and of the spectral decomposition of graph signals. Current literature does not address the lack of unicity of the GFT. The GFT is the mapping from the signal set into its representation by a direct sum of irreducible shift invariant subspaces: 1) this decomposition may not be unique; and 2) there is freedom in the choice of basis for each component subspace. These issues are particularly relevant when the graph shift has repeated eigenvalues as is the case in many real-world applications; by ignoring them, there is no way of knowing if different researchers are using the same definition of the GFT and whether their results are comparable or not. The paper presents how to resolve the above degrees of freedom. We develop a quasi-coordinate free definition of the GFT and graph spectral decomposition of graph signals that we implement through oblique spectral projectors. We present properties of the GFT and of the spectral projectors and discuss a generalized Parseval's inequality. An illustrative example for a large real-world urban traffic dataset is provided.
The guillotine approach for TSP with neighborhoods revisited

The Euclidean TSP with neighborhoods (TSPN) is the following problem: Given a set R of k regions, find a shortest tour that visits at least one point from each region. We study the special cases of disjoint, connected, alpha-fat regions (i.e., every region P contains a disk of diameter diam(P)/alpha) and disjoint unit disks. For the latter, Dumitrescu and Mitchell proposed an algorithm based on Mitchell's guillotine subdivision approach for the Euclidean TSP and claimed it to be a PTAS. However, their proof contains a severe gap, which we will close in the following. Bodlaender et al. remark that their techniques for the minimum corridor connection problem carry over to the TSPN and yield an alternative PTAS for this problem. For disjoint connected alpha-fat regions of varying size, Mitchell proposed a slightly different PTAS candidate. We will expose several further problems and gaps in this approach. Some of them we can close, but overall, for alpha-fat regions, the existence of a PTAS for the TSPN remains open.
From a Single-Band Metal to a High-Temperature Superconductor via Two Thermal Phase Transitions

Three techniques are used to probe the pseudogap state of cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The nature of the pseudogap phase of cuprate high-temperature superconductors is a major unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. We studied the commencement of the pseudogap state at temperature T* using three different techniques (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, polar Kerr effect, and time-resolved reflectivity) on the same optimally doped Bi2201 crystals. We observed the coincident, abrupt onset at T* of a particle-hole asymmetric antinodal gap in the electronic spectrum, a Kerr rotation in the reflected light polarization, and a change in the ultrafast relaxational dynamics, consistent with a phase transition. Upon further cooling, spectroscopic signatures of superconductivity begin to grow close to the superconducting transition temperature (Tc), entangled in an energy-momentum–dependent manner with the preexisting pseudogap features, ushering in a ground state with coexisting orders.
Cigarette smoking and mortality risk in people with schizophrenia.

This study examined effects of cigarette smoking on mortality risk in 1213 persons aged 19-69 years with schizophrenia-related psychotic disorders admitted to State of Maryland Hospitals between 1994 and 2000. Inpatient medical records from 7 hospitals were reviewed to obtain demographic information, diagnosis, medication use, as well as smoking and other substance use. Social Security Death Index data were used to identify deaths in the study group between 1994 and 2004. Death records were reviewed to obtain manner of death and underlying disorders. Of the 1213, 55% were smokers and 71% abused substances. There was an age × smoking interaction (χ(2) = 14.6, df = 1, P = . 0001) for mortality, with estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for smokers vs nonsmokers of 2.1 among 35- to 54-year olds and HR of 0.7 among those aged 55-69 years. Five- and 10-year mortality rates for smokers aged 35-54 years were 7.0% and 14.2%, compared with 3.3% and 10.0% for nonsmokers, respectively (χ(2) = 5.53, df = 1, P = . 019). Cardiac causes were identified in 43% of deaths in smokers but only 19% of deaths in nonsmokers (P < .006). For those aged 35-54 years, the odds of cardiac related death was increased by 12 fold in smokers relative to nonsmokers (HR = 12.4, χ(2) = 12.0, df = 1, P = . 0005). Among people aged 35-54 years, those smoking greater than one pack daily have a significantly increased total mortality risk (HR = 2.7) vs nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking, particularly in people aged 35-54 years, contributes to an increased risk of death. Greater smoking severity significantly increases this risk. Smoking cessation in people with schizophrenia deserves significant attention.
Systematic generation of abstract user interfaces

An abstract user interface is defined according the Cameleon Reference Framework as a user interface supporting an interactive task abstracted from its implementation, independently of any target computing platform and interaction modality. While an abstract user interface could be specified in isolation, it could also be produced from various models such as a task model, a domain model, or a combination of both, possibly based on information describing the context of use (i.e., the user, the platform, and the environment). This paper presents a general-purpose algorithm that systematically generates all potential abstract user interfaces from a task model as candidates that could then be refined in two ways: removing irrelevant candidates based on constraints imposed by the temporal operators and grouping or ungrouping candidates according to constraints imposed by the context of use. A model-driven engineering environment has been developed that applies this general-purpose algorithm with multiple levels of refinement ranging from no contextual consideration to full-context consideration. This algorithm is exemplified on a some sample interactive application to be executed in various contexts of use, such as different categories of users using different platforms for the same task.
PerGram: A TRALE implementation of an HPSG fragment of Persian

In this paper, we discuss an HPSG grammar of Persian (PerGram) that is implemented in the TRALE system. We describe some of the phenomena which are currently covered. While working on the grammar, we developed a test suite with positive and negative examples from the linguistic literature. To be able to test the coverage of the grammar with respect to naturally occurring sentences, we use a subcorpus of a big corpus of Persian.
Poverty and Basic Education in Rural China: Villages, Households, and Girls’ and Boys’ Enrollment

Base sur les donnees d'une enquete nationale realisee en 1992 aupres des familles, enfants et villages, plus d'une decennie apres la restructuration du monde rural et plusieurs annees apres l'engagement du processus de decentralisation, cet article aborde plusieurs questions de fond : l'influence des conditions economiques locales sur le maintien ou le developpement des institutions scolaires, l'influence de ces facteurs sur les conditions d'acces a l'ecole, l'influence de ces donnees economiques locales sur les enfants issus de familles defavorisees. Les resultats demontrent l'existence d'une interaction evidente entre le genre, le statut socio-economique et l'egalite des chances au niveau scolaire.
Early Grade School Children's Liking of Script and Suspense Story Structures

The structural-affect theory of stories was used to predict that young grade school children prefer narratives that involve suspense to those that fail to stimulate a pleasant affective response. Suspense stories, scripts (narratives that described a mundane event sequence), and scripts with added excitement (scripts with nonintegrated exciting events) were read to children of three ages: kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Children indicated their liking of the stories in three ways: (a) a 7-point rating scale, (b) a ranking of the three types from most liked to least liked, and (c) choosing one of the three as the story they would most prefer to hear read to them at a later date. The prediction that suspense stories would be best liked was confirmed. For the rating scale measure, only second graders reliably liked suspense stories more than plain scripts. For the ranking measure, both first and second graders reliably liked suspense stories best. Finally, for the preference measure, all three age groups reliably liked the suspense stories best. These results support the structural-affect theory's contention that young children's story schemas begin to include the dimension of suspensefulness in story narratives.
Couples' Communication Channels: What, When & Why?

An overwhelming variety of communication channels are available to consumers. Here, we present an overview of the aspects that need to be accounted for when intimate partners select a communication channel. We present interviews with 10 cohabiting couples (20 participants) and an 8-day diary study of communication and coordination. Using reported instances of within-couple communication, triggered by relationship-oriented or practical household needs, we identify why particular channels are chosen or sequenced. Extending media richness critiques, we identify additional factors that influence communication choice such as intimate knowledge of the others' habits, possibilities to add emotional meaning, and couples' shared needs as an identifiable unit. We also extend the notion of network effects on channel choice, and discuss the ecology of channel, networks, devices and device settings involved between partners. Finally, channel choice is not an all-or-nothing game; multiple channels can, and must, co-exist.
X-ray image classification using domain transferred convolutional neural networks and local sparse spatial pyramid

The classification of medical images is a critical step for imaging-based clinical decision support systems. Existing classification methods for X-ray images, however, generally represent the image using only local texture or generic image features (e.g. color or shape) derived from predefined feature spaces. This limits the ability to quantify the image characteristics using general data-derived features learned from image datasets. In this study we present a new algorithm to improve the performance of X-ray image classification, where we propose a late-fusion of domain transferred convolutional neural networks (DT-CNNs) with sparse spatial pyramid (SSP) features derived from a local image dictionary. Our method is robust as it exploits the rich generic information provided by the DT-CNNs and uses the specific local features and characteristics inherent in the X-ray images. Our method was evaluated on a public dataset of X-ray images and was compared to several state-of-the-art approaches. Experimental results show that our method was the most accurate for classification.
‘That is NOT what's happening at Horizon!’: ethics and misrepresenting knowledge in text

This paper analyzes the ethically important moments that helped build, then break, and then negotiate the relationship between researchers and schools during an ethnographic‐type study conducted by the team of researchers from a prominent private university. I posit that the researchers' unskilled approach culminated in producing written representations of the schools that were ethically problematic. To quote one school: ‘That is NOT what's happening at Horizon! ’ Guided by simplistic understandings of procedures, rather than by articulated moral principles, the researchers were unable to scrutinize and interrogate their data in light of the context from which the data were collected. They thus failed to examine reflexively the knowledge they produced in their written representations. My critique uses a framework that counters harm with benefit and authority with respect, drawing on both consequential and non‐consequential ethical theories, and emphasizes an ethic of care.
“Some of These Words I Can't Pronounce”: A Qualitative Exploration of the Readability of Generic and Tailored Self-help Material for Quitting Smoking

Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death. A proliferation of health information is available to educate and aid in smoking cessation, a disparity between reading levels of patients and reading estimates of health promotion literature exists. The aim of the study was to adapt computer-tailored feedback reports to different levels of readability, and to meet the needs of smokers from all social backgrounds. Focus groups were used to explore the perception of the adaptations. Results confirmed the importance of producing health promotion literature at an appropriate level of reading. However, it is essential that materials offer information and support using language that can be understood by smokers of all reading levels without being patronizing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tryptophan Depletion Promotes Habitual over Goal-Directed Control of Appetitive Responding in Humans

Background: Optimal behavioral performance results from a balance between goal-directed and habitual systems of behavioral control, which are modulated by ascending monoaminergic projections. While the role of the dopaminergic system in behavioral control has been recently addressed, the extent to which changes in global serotonin neurotransmission could influence these 2 systems is still poorly understood. Methods: We employed the dietary acute tryptophan depletion procedure to reduce serotonin neurotransmission in 18 healthy volunteers and 18 matched controls. We used a 3-stage instrumental learning paradigm that includes an initial instrumental learning stage, a subsequent outcome-devaluation test, and a slip-of-action stage, which directly tests the balance between hypothetical goal-directed and habitual systems. We also employed a separate response inhibition control test to assess the behavioral specificity of the results. Results: Acute tryptophan depletion produced a shift of behavioral performance towards habitual responding as indexed by performance on the slip-of-action test. Moreover, greater habitual responding in the acute tryptophan depletion group was predicted by a steeper decline in plasma tryptophan levels. In contrast, acute tryptophan depletion left intact the ability to use discriminative stimuli to guide instrumental choice as indexed by the instrumental learning stage and did not impair inhibitory response control. Conclusions: The major implication of this study is that serotonin modulates the balance between goal-directed and stimulus-response habitual systems of behavioral control. Our findings thus imply that diminished serotonin neurotransmission shifts behavioral control towards habitual responding.
Protein Databank Filtering and Amino Acid Frequency Calculator (PFA2FC): A Tool

Data Mining is the process of automatic extraction of useful patterns in the form of knowledge from the huge databases. Bioinformatics or computational molecular biology deals with the design and use of computer software to solve the complex biological problem. Proteins are important constituents of cellular machinery of any living organism and the functioning of proteins heavily depends upon its amino acids. A tool called Protein databank Filtering and Amino Acid Frequency Calculator (PFA2FC) has been designed using Java language to mine the Protein databank and find the frequencies of each amino acid within a protein.
Conserved Expression Signatures between Medaka and Human Pigment Cell Tumors

Aberrations in gene expression are a hallmark of cancer cells. Differential tumor-specific transcript levels of single genes or whole sets of genes may be critical for the neoplastic phenotype and important for therapeutic considerations or useful as biomarkers. As an approach to filter out such relevant expression differences from the plethora of changes noted in global expression profiling studies, we searched for changes of gene expression levels that are conserved. Transcriptomes from massive parallel sequencing of different types of melanoma from medaka were generated and compared to microarray datasets from zebrafish and human melanoma. This revealed molecular conservation at various levels between fish models and human tumors providing a useful strategy for identifying expression signatures strongly associated with disease phenotypes and uncovering new melanoma molecules.
Calibration of the Extended CIR Model

In this paper we shall prove that the calibration problem for the extended CIR model in [J. Hull and A. White, Rev. Financial Studies, 3 (1990), pp. 573-592] has a unique solution. The constructive proof leads to a numerical algorithm for computing the approximations of the time-dependent parameters and the zero-coupon bond prices. The results are also extended to multifactor CIR (Cox--Ingersoll--Ross) models. Numerical results are presented to examine the accuracy of our algorithm and to compare the extended CIR model with the Vasicek models.
Mechanical Analysis of the Acute Effects of a Heavy Resistance Exercise Warm-Up on Agility Performance in Court-Sport Athletes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.
Joint Access Point Selection and Local Discriminant Embedding for Energy Efficient and Accurate Wi-Fi Positioning

We propose a novel method for improving Wi-Fi positioning accuracy while reducing the energy consumption of mobile devices. Our method presents three contributions. First, we jointly and intelligently select the optimal subset of access points for positioning via maximum mutual information criterion. Second, we further propose local discriminant embedding algorithm for nonlinear discriminative feature extraction, a process that cannot be effectively handled by existing linear techniques. Third, to reduce complexity and make input signal space more compact, we incorporate clustering analysis to localize the positioning model. Experiments in realistic environments demonstrate that the proposed method can lower energy consumption while achieving higher accuracy compared with previous methods. The improvement can be attributed to the capability of our method to extract the most discriminative features for positioning as well as require smaller computation cost and shorter sensing time.