Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of the grammaticality–acceptability distinction in functional approaches to language

The distinction between grammaticality and acceptability has been regarded with strong scepticism in functional linguistics because of its origin in Chomskyan linguistics. In this article, I will argue that the distinction is useful in functional linguistics, provided that it is based on a distinction between competence and performance, rather than on a distinction between syntax and meaning. The basic rationale for having such a distinction is that much of linguistics is concerned with describing relatively stable grammatical knowledge, rather than the psycholinguistic dynamics of language use. This article will briefly summarize the early history and rationale of the notion of grammaticality within Chomskyan and functional linguistics, before defining a functional, usage-based definition of grammaticality. Finally, the article will illustrate how this usage-based notion of grammaticality can be used as a framework for interpreting corpus and experimental data on language use.
The Following Message Might Make You Mad: Forewarning and Inoculation Against Reactance

Title of Thesis: THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE MIGHT MAKE YOU MAD: FOREWARNING AND INOCULATION AGAINST REACTANCE Yoav Magid, Master of Arts, 2011 Thesis Directed by: Professor Monique Mitchell Turner Department of Communication If a persuasive attempt, be it a commercial advertisement, a Public Service Announcement, or a major public health campaign, threatens individuals’ perceived freedom to make their own choices, psychological reactance can cause the attempt to be ineffective or even to backfire. Extant research points to two major ways of reducing reactance, the first being weakening the language of the persuasive message, and the second offering a freedom-restoring postscript. In the present research, a method to nip reactance in its bud by forewarning and inoculating individuals against their impending reactant state is proposed and experimentally tested. The data suggested that forewarning individuals against reactance made them more reactant, but inoculating them had no effect. In terms of boomerang effect, forewarning and inoculating seemed to work (marginally) for women, but backfire for men. Implications are discussed.
Branch Prediction Architectures ; CU-CS-690-93

Processor architectures will increasingly rely on issuing multiple instructions to make full use of available processor resources. When issuing multiple instructions on conventional processors, accurate branch prediction is critical to performance; mispredicted branches may mean that ten’s of cycles may be wasted. Architectures combining very effective branch prediction mechanisms coupled with modified branch target buffers (BTB’s) have been proposed for wide-issue processors. These mechanisms require considerable processor resources; proposals commonly suggest that 16 kilobytes of cache be devoted to branch history and prediction information. Concurrently, the larger address space of 64-bit architectures introduce new obstacles and opportunities. A larger address space means branch target buffers become more expensive, but other branch prediction techniques become more applicable. In this paper, we show how a combination of less expensive mechanisms can achieve better performance than BTB’s. This combination relies on a number of design choices described in the paper. We used trace-driven simulation to show that our proposed design offers 21% better performance than previously proposed alternatives. Our design requires few hardware resources, and is oriented towards 64-bit architectures.
Taking stock of Lesson Study as a platform for teacher development in Singapore

Since its introduction into Singapore schools in 2005, many schools are now implementing Lesson Study in various forms adapted to their culture, needs and priorities. Why are schools interested in Lesson Study? How has Lesson Study provided a platform for professional development of teachers? What aspects of Lesson Study have schools adapted and changed, in light of problems and constraints in the local school context? This paper shares the findings of a survey of schools that have participated in workshops on Lesson Study to find out how these schools have implemented Lesson Study. The findings from the survey could provide teacher educators and school staff developers and leaders deeper insights into the implementation process and the kinds of support that schools and teachers would need in order to make Lesson Study a sustainable process in their schools.
Neuroimaging cognitive function in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Whereas structural information regarding anatomical abnormalities found in the brains of individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) has been thoroughly investigated, few functional neuroimaging studies have been performed. The major structural anomalies are outlined and the results of the functional neuroimaging studies are described in detail. Links between the anatomical region of impairment, functional impairment, and the cognitive dysfunction found in FASD are proposed. A literature search revealed only five studies of functional neuroimaging in individuals with FASD. One study used positron emission tomography (PET), three used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and one used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRl) to evaluate brain metabolism and function. Of these, only fMRI actually examined task-related functional changes in the brain related to cognition. Although there is significant variability in the results, due to the heterogeneity of the syndrome and the few studies performed to date, clear regions of impairment related to cognitive dysfunction are described. The most consistent results involve the impairment of the frontal cortex, specifically the prefrontal cortex and medial frontal lobe, which is related to executive function, working memory, response inhibition, and attention. Consistent impairment was also noted in the temporal brain region, implicated in problems with emotions, memory, learning, and language functions.
The Role of Social Support and Work-Related Factors on the School Engagement of Italian High School Students

This article explores the role of selected work-based constructs and social support in the prediction of school engagement in a sample of Italian high school students. A total of 137 high school students from Central Italy completed measures of social support (including teacher, peer, and parental support), career decision-making satisfaction, career planfulness, and school engagement, each of which had been translated to Italian from English. The results reveal that high levels of career decision-making satisfaction, career planfulness, and teacher support were statistically significant predictors of school engagement. The findings are discussed in relation to career development theory, educational and counseling practice, and prevention.
Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage

Abstract This paper presents a theory of the disorganisation in activity that can follow frontal lobe damage. This disorganisation is characterised by fragmented sequences of action, relevant parts being omitted and irrelevant parts introduced. Following Bianchi (1922) and Luria (1966), a defect is proposed in the role of purpose: control of action by its intended result. Concepts from human and machine problem solving are used to elaborate this idea. An attempt is then made to show which aspects of frontal impairment are relevant to assessment of the theory. Of most importance are the generality of impairment—its appearance across the range of information-processing domains and task components—and in particular the detailed behaviour surrounding failure to achieve known goals. These, I suggest, should form the basis of a functional characterisation of the disorder. An important point is that the theoretical function proposed—search for a structure of action optimising achievement of listed goals—is only .
A Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel’nikov sampling theorem related to the Dunkl transform

A Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel'nikov sampling theorem related to the Dunkl transform on the real line is proved. To this end we state, in terms of Bessel functions, an orthonormal system which is complete in L 2 (( 1; 1);jxj 2 +1 dx). This orthonormal system is a generalization of the classical exponential system dening Fourier series.
Implications of Central Obesity-Related Variants in LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B on Quantitative Metabolic Traits in Adult Danes

Background Two meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have suggested that four variants: rs2605100 in lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1), rs10146997 in neuroxin 3 (NRXN3), rs545854 in methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), and rs987237 in transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2 beta (TFAP2B) associate with measures of central obesity. To elucidate potential underlying phenotypes we aimed to investigate whether these variants associated with: 1) quantitative metabolic traits, 2) anthropometric measures (waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, and BMI), or 3) type 2 diabetes, and central and general overweight and obesity. Methodology/Principal Findings The four variants were genotyped in Danish individuals using KASPar®. Quantitative metabolic traits were examined in a population-based sample (n = 6,038) and WC and BMI were furthermore analyzed in a combined study sample (n = 13,507). Case-control studies of diabetes and adiposity included 15,326 individuals. The major G-allele of LYPLAL1 rs2605100 associated with increased fasting serum triglyceride concentrations (per allele effect (β) = 3%(1;5(95%CI)), p additive = 2.7×10−3), an association driven by the male gender (p interaction = 0.02). The same allele associated with increased fasting serum insulin concentrations (β = 3%(1;5), p additive = 2.5×10−3) and increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = 4%(1;6), p additive = 1.5×10−3). The minor G-allele of rs10146997 in NRXN3 associated with increased WC among women (β = 0.55cm (0.20;0.89), p additive = 1.7×10−3, p interaction = 1.0×10−3), but showed no associations with obesity related metabolic traits. The MSRA rs545854 and TFAP2B rs987237 showed nominal associations with central obesity; however, no underlying metabolic phenotypes became obvious, when investigating quantitative metabolic traits. None of the variants influenced the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion/Significance We demonstrate that several of the central obesity-associated variants in LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B associate with metabolic and anthropometric traits in Danish adults. However, analyses were made without adjusting for multiple testing, and further studies are needed to confirm the putative role of LYPLAL1, NRXN3, MSRA, and TFAP2B in the pathophysiology of obesity.
ARM: A hybrid specification-based intrusion detection system for rank attacks in 6TiSCH networks

6TiSCH network architecture has recently been introduced to combine the high reliability and low-power consumption of the TSCH (Time-Slotted Channel Hopping) mode of IEEE 802.15. 4e MAC with the ease of integration offered by the IP-enabled upper layer protocols. 6TiSCH network uses RPL (Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) as its routing protocol to manage the network layer functionalities. RPL however is vulnerable to internal routing attacks such as Rank attack where a malicious node multicasts a fake position (Rank) or a fake path cost toward the sink node to lure nearby nodes to forward their packets through it. In this paper, we propose a hybrid specification-based intrusion detection system (IDS) that consists of centralized and distributed modules installed on the sink and RPL nodes respectively to prevent nodes from selecting an intruder as their successors. The proposed method also eliminates intruders' chances of becoming a time source and disrupt the synchronization of 6TiSCH networks. The results from our extensive simulations show that compared with existing countermeasures, the proposed IDS can effectively protect RPL topologies while only incurring limited network management overhead.
Extending Ansoff’s Strategic Diagnosis Model

Given the complex and disruptive open-ended dynamics in the current dynamic global environment, senior management recognizes the need for a formalized, consistent, and comprehensive framework to analyze the firm’s strategic posture. Modern assessment tools, such as H. Igor Ansoff’s seminal contributions to strategic diagnosis, primarily focused on identifying and enhancing the firm’s strategic performance potential through the analysis of the industry’s environmental turbulence level relative to the firm’s aggressiveness and responsiveness of capability. Other epistemic modeling techniques envisage Porter’s generic strategic positions, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT), and Resource-Based View as useful methodologies to aid in the planning process. All are complex and involve multiple managerial perspectives. Over the last two decades, attempts have been made to comprehensively classify the firm’s future competitive position. Most of these proposals utilized matrices to depict the position, such as the Boston Consulting Group, point positioning, and dispersed positioning. The GE/McKinsey later enhanced this typology by expanding to 3 × 3, contributing to management’s deeper understanding of the firm’s position. Both types of assessments, Ansoff’s strategic diagnosis and positional matrices, are invaluable strategic tools for firms. However, it could be argued that these positional analyses singularly reflect a blind spot in modeling the firm’s future strategic performance potential, as neither considers the interactions of the other. This article is conceptual and takes a different approach from earlier methodologies. Although conceptual, the article aims to present a robust model combining Ansoff’s strategic diagnosis with elements of the performance matrices to provide the management with an enriched capability to evaluate the firm’s current and future performance position.
Adoption Intentions Toward Interactive Digital Television Among Advertising Professionals

ABSTRACT Using the decomposed theory of planned behavior, this article develops and empirically validates a model that predicts the intention to use interactive digital television as a marketing communication medium. The study tests the model with samples of Belgian advertising professionals at two different moments in time. The results show that the impact of perceived usefulness on the intention to use interactive digital television is low compared with the impact of perceived ease of use and subjective norms. Over time, the compliance effect of external subjective norms on usage intention decreases, in favor of the internalization effect through perceived ease of use. Behavioral control and attitude have more impact in the second stage than in the first.
Health Risk Behaviors among College Youths

The present study examined the frequency of smoking, seatbelt use, and vehicular speeding among American and Jordanian college students, and assessed the relationship between these risk behaviors and gender, socioeconomic status, and religiosity. Significantly more Jordanian students were smokers. Jordanian students were less likely than American students to buckle up, but American students were more likely to engage in vehicular speeding. Female students, especially among Jordanians, were less likely than male students to engage in risky behaviors. Among Jordanian participants, smoking and passenger seatbelt use were positively associated with indices of socioeconomic status, and smoking was negatively associated with religiosity.
Postnatal Care

Early contact between mother and baby and early breastfeeding are essential elements of postnatal care. They promote bonding and a better breastfeeding performance, and cannot be overemphasized. Thereafter, in hospital practice, the next essential is a separation of abnormal from normal cases so that those in greatest need may receive the care they require. Commonly occurring postnatal problems should be managed according to standard protocols, so that effective management can be instituted by midwives or junior medical staff as necessary. Special attention must be paid to those with severe puerperal sepsis. There should be a readiness to recognize and treat such rare but curable conditions as acute tubular necrosis. Proper advice to the mother and the recording of significant events of the pregnancy in a document kept by the mother is the doctor's final responsibility.
Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID): an integrated system of investigative interviewing and detecting deception

This study describes the assimilation and validation of Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID). ACID is derived from investigative interviewing, Criteria-Based Content Analysis, Reality Monitoring, and interpersonal deception. Each component has been previously published. Thirty-eight university undergraduates entered a professor's office and either stole an exam or replaced an exam that had been stolen previously. They were interviewed 1 week later with the Reality Interview, which is deliberately challenging and aims to enhance the detection of deception. Half responded honestly and completely; half distorted their responses to avoid incrimination. Incentives were provided. Honest responses were longer, more detailed, and contained more admissions of potential mistakes. Most importantly, honest respondents benefited from attempts to enhance recall, whereas these same attempts caused deceptive respondents to provide shorter, more repetitive statements. This is a promising technique; 33 of 38 cases were classified accurately. Discussion includes characteristics of deception, process of deception during an investigative interview, hypothetical interview strategies to facilitate the detection of deception, strengths and weaknesses of the study, and areas for future research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloud adoption: a goal-oriented requirements engineering approach

We motivate the need for a new requirements engineering methodology for systematically helping businesses and users to adopt cloud services and for mitigating risks in such transition. The methodology is grounded in goal oriented approaches for requirements engineering. We argue that Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) is a promising paradigm to adopt for goals that are generic and flexible statements of users' requirements, which could be refined, elaborated, negotiated, mitigated for risks and analysed for economics considerations. We describe the steps of the proposed process and exemplify the use of the methodology through an example. The methodology can be used by small to large scale organisations to inform crucial decisions related to cloud adoption.
Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities and Determination of the Total Tannin Content of Bark Extracts Endopleura uchi

Endopleura uchi is a typical Amazonian tree and its bark is popularly employed in the preparation of teas against myomas, arthritis, influenza, diarrhea and cancer. In this study, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of five different extracts of the bark, selected by their total tannin content, were assessed. The potential antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and the values found were very similar among the extracts and to the standards antioxidants used in the tests. Cytotoxicity analysis in mammalian cells indicated that all the tested extracts exhibited IC50 values higher than the highest concentration used, showing that they do not present a risk when consumed under these conditions. Extract tested against five bacterial strains and one yeast strain did not show satisfactory growth inhibitory activity, and even the extracts that showed some antimicrobial activity were not effective at any dilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results may serve as a reference for subsequent works, since such reference values described in the literature for the bark of E. uchi.
Investigating right ovary degeneration in chick embryos by transcriptome sequencing

In asymmetric chick gonads, the left and right female gonads undergo distinct programs during development, generating a functional ovary on the left side only. Despite some progress being made in recent years, the mechanisms of molecular regulation remain incompletely understood, and little genomic information is available regarding the degeneration of the right ovary in the chick embryo testis. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing to investigate differentially expressed genes in the left and right ovaries and gene functions at two critical time points; embryonic days 6 (E6) and 10 (E10). Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing technologies, 539 and 1046 genes were identified as being significantly differentially expressed between 6R-VS-6L and 10R-VS-10L. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment in functional pathways. Among these, candidate genes associated with degeneration of the right ovary in the chick embryo were identified. Identification of a pathway involved in ovarian degeneration provides an important resource for the further study of its molecular mechanisms and functions.
Malicious Executables Classification Based on Behavioral Factor Analysis

Malware is an increasingly important problem that threatens the security of computer systems. The new concept of cloud security require rapid and automated detection and classification of malicious software. In this paper, we propose a behavior-based automated classification method. Depends on behavioral analysis we characterize malware behavioral profile in a trace report. This report contains the status change caused by the executable and event which are transfered from corresponding Win32 API calls and their certain parameters. we extract behaviour unit strings as features which reflect diffierent malware families behavioral patterns. These features vector space servered as input to the SVM. We use string similarity and information gain to reduce the dimension of feature space. Comparative experiments with a real world data set of malicious executables shows that our proposed method can classify malware into diffierent malware families with higher accuracy and efficiency.
Individual Differences in Women's Perceptions of other Women's Dominance

Recent research on men's dominance perception suggests that the extent to which men perceive masculine men to be more dominant than relatively feminine men is negatively correlated with measures of their own dominance. In the current studies, we investigated the relationship between indices of women's own dominance and their perceptions of other women's facial dominance. Women's own height and scores on a dominance questionnaire were negatively correlated with the extent to which they perceived masculine women to be more dominant than relatively feminine women. In follow–up studies, we observed similar individual differences when (i) women separately judged other women's social and physical dominance, suggesting that individual differences in women's dominance perceptions generalize across two different types of dominance judgment and (ii) we assessed the perceivers’ dominance indirectly by using a questionnaire that measures the extent to which women view interactions with other women in competitive terms. These findings present new evidence that the extent to which people perceive masculine individuals to be more dominant than relatively feminine individuals is negatively correlated with measures of their own dominance and suggest that competition and conflict among women may have shaped individual differences in women's dominance perception. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.