Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 900 MHz transceiver chipset for two-way paging applications

Two bipolar analog integrated circuits are described that are used in a transceiver architecture designed for two-way paging applications. The RF front-end uses the receiver architecture to alleviate problems with conventional direct-conversion receivers. In this architecture, the input RF signal is first downconverted to an intermediate frequency of 0.2 /spl omega//sub RF/. This intermediate signal is then amplified and transferred to dc using an I/Q downconversion mixer. Quadrature signals for the I/Q mixer are generated by passing the local oscillator (LO) signal through a divide-by-four counter formed in a twisted-ring architecture. The two outputs of this counter are inherently 90/spl deg/ out-of-phase and maintain their relative phase difference over process and supply variations. Compared to a direct-conversion receiver, this architecture has several advantages. First, it has a significantly lower LO leakage since the RF filter blocks a major portion of the LO interference. Second, since signal amplification can be distributed between RF, IF and baseband, the signal level at the input of the baseband chip will be high enough to be distinguished from the 1/f noise.
ON A SEMI-SYMMETRIC METRIC CONNECTION IN AN (ε)-KENMOTSU MANIFOLD

Abstract. The object of the present paper is to study a semi-symmetricmetric connection in an (e)-Kenmotsu manifold. In this paper, we studya semi-symmetric metric connection in an (e)-Kenmotsu manifold whoseprojective curvature tensor satisﬁes certain curvature conditions. 1. IntroductionThe idea of a semi-symmetric linear connection on a diﬀerentiable manifoldwasﬁrstintroducedby Friedmannand Schouten[11] in 1924. Hayden[12] intro-duced a semi-symmetric metric connection on a Riemannian manifold. Yano[21] proved the theorem: A Riemannian manifold admits a semi-symmetricmetric connection whose curvature tensor vanishes if and only if Riemannianmanifold is conformally ﬂat. Semi-symmetric metric connections on a Rie-mannian manifold have been studied by Amur and Pujar [1], Pravanovic [15],Binh [4], De ([6], [7]), De and Biswas [8], Sharfuddin and Hussain [16], Pathakand De [14], Jun, De and Pathak [13], Barman and De [2], Chaubey and Ojha[5], Singh and Pandey [17], Singh, Pandey and Pandey ([18], [19]) and manyothers.Duggal and Sharma [10] studied a semi-symmetric metric connection in asemi-Riemannian manifold. They studied some properties of the Ricci tensor,aﬃne conformal motions, geodesics and group manifolds with respect to thesemi-symmetric metric connection. On the other hand, the study of manifoldswith indeﬁnite metrics is of interest from the standpoint of physics and relativ-ity. Manifolds with indeﬁnite metrics have been studied by several authors. In1993, Bejancu and Duggal [3] introduced the concept of (e)-Sasakian manifoldsand Xufeng and Xiaoli [20] established that these manifolds are real hypersur-faces of indeﬁnite Kahlerian manifolds. Recently De and Sarkar [9] introduced
The Relationship among Tyrosine Decarboxylase and Agmatine Deiminase Pathways in Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococci are considered mainly responsible for the undesirable accumulation of the biogenic amines tyramine and putrescine in cheeses. The biosynthesis of tyramine and putrescine has been described as a species trait in Enterococcus faecalis. Tyramine is formed by the decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine, by the tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) route encoded in the tdc cluster. Putrescine is formed from agmatine by the agmatine deiminase (AGDI) pathway encoded in the agdi cluster. These biosynthesis routes have been independently studied, tyrosine and agmatine transcriptionally regulate the tdc and agdi clusters. The objective of the present work is to study the possible co-regulation among TDC and AGDI pathways in E. faecalis. In the presence of agmatine, a positive correlation between putrescine biosynthesis and the tyrosine concentration was found. Transcriptome studies showed that tyrosine induces the transcription of putrescine biosynthesis genes and up-regulates pathways involved in cell growth. The tyrosine modulation over AGDI route was not observed in the mutant Δtdc strain. Fluorescence analyses using gfp as reporter protein revealed PaguB (the promoter of agdi catabolic genes) was induced by tyrosine in the wild-type but not in the mutant strain, confirming that tdc cluster was involved in the tyrosine induction of putrescine biosynthesis. This study also suggests that AguR (the transcriptional regulator of agdi) was implicated in interaction among the two clusters.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 variants arising after selection with an antiviral carrageenan: Lack of correlation between drug susceptibility and syn phenotype

Natural carrageenans of diverse structural types isolated from the red seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii were recently identified as potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and ‐2). The μ/ν‐carrageenan 1C3 was tested in vitro for its ability to select resistant variants. After serial passages of HSV‐1 strain F in Vero cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of 1C3, viruses emerged that were approximately 2‐ to 10‐fold more resistant to 1C3 inhibition than parental virus; these viruses formed large plaques with an altered syncytial phenotype (1C3‐syn). Plaque‐purified syncytial variants isolated from passages 13 and 14 have shown variable levels of resistance to 1C3, as well as to the other antiviral carrageenans isolated from G. skottsbergii and to other sulfated polysaccharides with known antiviral activity, such as heparin and dextran sulfate 8000, but all the clones were susceptible to acyclovir. The syn phenotype was not related to polysaccharide resistance. All the 1C3‐syn variants formed large syncytia in Vero and CV‐1 cells but did not induce fusion in other cell types. The growth efficiency in Vero cells, as well as the virulence for mice by intracerebral or intraperitoneal inoculation of 1C3‐syn variants, showed no significant alterations in comparison with the parental virus. The syncytial properties were not affected by cyclosporine or melittin, suggesting that an alteration on glycoprotein gB could be responsible for the syn phenotype induced by 1C3. J. Med. Virol. 68:92–98, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Statistical Tests to Compare Visual Analog Scale Measurements among Groups

Background A common type of study performed by anesthesiologists determines the effect of an intervention on pain reported by groups of patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of t, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare visual analog scale (VAS) measurements between two or among three groups of patients. These results may be particularly helpful during the design of studies that measure pain with a VAS. Methods One VAS measurement was obtained from each of 480 nulliparous women in labor who were receiving oxytocin (149), nalbuphine (159), or epidural bupivacaine (172). Multiple simulated samples were then drawn from these data. These simulated samples were used in computer simulations of clinical trials comparing VAS measurements among groups. t and ANOVA tests were performed before and after an arcsin transformation was used, to make the data closer to a normal distribution. VAS measurements were also compared after they were divided into five ranked categories. Results The statistical distributions of VAS measurements were not normal (P < 10 sup -7). Arcsin transformation made the distributions closer to normal distributions. Nevertheless, no statistical test incorrectly suggested that a difference existed among groups, when there was no difference, more often than the expected rate, t or ANOVA tests had a slightly greater statistical power than the other tests to detect differences among groups. Because arcsin transformation both decreased differences among means and reduced the variance to a lesser extent, it decreased power to detect differences among groups. Statistical power to detect differences among groups was not less for a five-category VAS than for a continuous VAS. Conclusions We conclude that t and ANOVA, without an accompanying arcsin transformation, are good tests to find differences in VAS measurements among groups.
ARTEMIS: Neutralizing BGP Hijacking Within a Minute

Border gateway protocol (BGP) prefix hijacking is a critical threat to Internet organizations and users. Despite the availability of several defense approaches (ranging from RPKI to popular third-party services), none of them solves the problem adequately in practice. In fact, they suffer from: (i) lack of detection comprehensiveness, allowing sophisticated attackers to evade detection; (ii) limited accuracy, especially in the case of third-party detection; (iii) delayed verification and mitigation of incidents, reaching up to days; and (iv) lack of privacy and of flexibility in post-hijack counteractions, on the side of network operators. In this paper, we propose ARTEMIS, a defense approach (a) based on accurate and fast detection operated by the autonomous system itself, leveraging the pervasiveness of publicly available BGP monitoring services and their recent shift towards real-time streaming and thus (b) enabling flexible and fast mitigation of hijacking events. Compared to the previous work, our approach combines characteristics desirable to network operators, such as comprehensiveness, accuracy, speed, privacy, and flexibility. Finally, we show through real-world experiments that with the ARTEMIS approach, prefix hijacking can be neutralized within a minute.
Effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on short‐term weight loss and long‐term weight loss maintenance

Effective strategies are needed to help individuals lose weight and maintain weight loss. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent energy restriction (IER) compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss after 8 weeks and weight loss maintenance after 12 months. Secondary aims were to determine changes in waist and hip measurements and diet quality. In a randomized parallel study, overweight and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 27 kg m−2) women were stratified by age and BMI before randomization. Participants undertook an 8‐week intensive period with weight, waist and hip circumference measured every 2 weeks, followed by 44 weeks of independent dieting. A food frequency questionnaire was completed at baseline and 12 months, from which diet quality was determined. Weight loss was not significantly different between the two groups at 8 weeks (−3.2 ± 2.1 kg CER, n = 20, −2.0 ± 1.9 kg IER, n = 25; P = 0.06) or at 12 months (−4.2 ± 5.6 kg CER, n = 17 −2.1 ± 3.8 kg IER, n = 19; P = 0.19). Weight loss between 8 and 52 weeks was –0.7 ± 49 kg CER vs. −1 ± 1.1 kg IER; P = 0.6. Waist and hip circumference decreased significantly with time (P < 0.01), with no difference between groups. There was an increase in the Healthy Eating Index at 12 months in the CER compared with the IER group (CER 8.4 ± 9.1 vs. IER −0.3 ± 8.4, P = 0.006). This study indicates that intermittent dieting was as effective as continuous dieting over 8 weeks and for weight loss maintenance at 12 months. This may be useful for individuals who find CER too difficult to maintain.
Rice tungro spherical virus resistance into photoperiod-insensitive japonica rice by marker-assisted selection

Rice tungro disease (RTD) is one of the destructive and prevalent diseases in the tropical region. RTD is caused by Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and Rice tungro bacilliform virus. Cultivation of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica) in tropical Asia has often been restricted because most japonica cultivars are sensitive to short photoperiod, which is characteristic of tropical conditions. Japonica1, a rice variety bred for tropical conditions, is photoperiod-insensitive, has a high yield potential, but is susceptible to RTD and has poor grain quality. To transfer RTD resistance into Japonica1, we made two backcrosses (BC) and 8 three-way crosses (3-WC) among Japonica1 and RTSV-resistant cultivars. Among 8,876 BC1F2 and 3-WCF2 plants, 342 were selected for photoperiod-insensitivity and good grain quality. Photoperiod-insensitive progenies were evaluated for RTSV resistance by a bioassay and marker-assisted selection (MAS), and 22 BC1F7 and 3-WCF7 lines were selected based on the results of an observational yield trial. The results demonstrated that conventional selection for photoperiod-insensitivity and MAS for RTSV resistance can greatly facilitate the development of japonica rice that is suitable for cultivation in tropical Asia.
Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna For Multi Standard Mobile Communication

The develpoment of smart antennas for mobile phones has recently recevied much interest due to compact size of multimode phones and requirements to keep the amount of RF power absorbed by a user below a certain level. In this paper a new Yagi Uda shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna for multimode mobile applications has been presented. The proposed fabricated antenna have return loss better than -10dB, VSWR below 2, radaiation efficiency greater than 60% and SAR below 2W/kg for all the frequency bands. The proposed antenna structure is compact in size, offer high isolation between eight transmitting bands. PIN diodes are used to switch the frequecny bands between WCDMA, FDMA, PDC, GPS (1.56-1.585 GHz), GSM1800 (1710-1880MHz), PCS1900 (1859-1990MHz), UMTS (1900-2170MHz), DCS1800, WLAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi etc.
Metal mask fabrication with an inkjet printer for AWG phase trimming using a photosensitive refractive index change

We report a simple method for fabricating a metal mask with wet etching designed to reduce the adjacent crosstalk of arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) by using a photoinduced refractive index change. This process utilizes a commercially available inkjet printer and a copy machine, and so the resolution of the fabricated window pattern is not very high. However, the fabricated mask enables us to achieve a great reduction in adjacent crosstalk because it depends solely on a slowly varying component in the phase error distribution of an AWG.
Design and Fabrication of a High-Gain 60-GHz Corrugated Slot Antenna Array With Ridge Gap Waveguide Distribution Layer

A wideband high-gain high-efficiency 16 × 16-element slot antenna array is presented for 60-GHz band applications. The antenna is designed based on gap waveguide technology. The most important advantage of using this technology is its ability to decrease complexity and cost of fabrication because there is no requirement of electrical contact between the three layers of the antenna structure. The three layers are a corrugated metal plate with radiating slots, a subarray cavity layer, and a ridge gap waveguide (RGW) feed network layer. The corporate feed network is realized by a texture of pins and guiding ridges in a metal plate. Also, in order to excite the antenna with a standard V-band rectangular waveguide, a transition from RGW to WR-15 is designed. The radiating elements, corrugations, cavity layer, power dividers, and transition are designed and optimized to suppress the reflection coefficient at the input WR-15 port over the desired frequency range from 57 to 66 GHz. Finally, the 16 × 16-element slot antenna array is fabricated by the standard milling technology. The measured results demonstrate about 16% of reflection coefficient bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) covering the 56-65.7-GHz frequency range, and the measured gain is larger than 32.5 dBi over the band with more than 70% antenna efficiency.
Best Basis Selection Using Singular Value Decomposition

This paper presents a new idea of best basis selection through singular value decomposition. Wavelet and Wavelet Packet Transform are efficient tools to represent the image. Wavelet Packet Transform is a generalization of wavelet transform which is more adaptive than the wavelet transform because it offers a rich library of bases from which the best one can be chosen for a certain class of images with a specified cost function. Wavelet packet decomposition yields a redundant representation of the image. The problem of wavelet packet image coding consists of considering all possible wavelet packet bases in the library, and choosing the one that gives the best coding performance. In this work, Singular Value Decomposition is used as a tool to select the best basis. Experimental results have demonstrated the validity of the approach.
Making digital shapes by hand

We do many things with our hands, but when it comes to making digital shapes, we tend to use the mouse and the keyboard. The hand is the human’s most versatile means of acting on the material world, yet we use a small fraction of its potential when we model using conventional interfaces. This presentation explores interfaces which translate properties of the hand into operations on digital geometry. In particular we focus on looking beyond the mouse to alternate forms of user input.
Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells by Deoxynucleic Acids from Candida albicans

ABSTRACT The innate immune system of humans recognizes the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans via sugar polymers present in the cell wall, such as mannan and β-glucan. Here, we examined whether nucleic acids from C. albicans activate dendritic cells. C. albicans DNA induced interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) production and CD40 expression by murine bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in a dose-dependent manner. BM-DCs that lacked Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and dectin-1, which are pattern recognition receptors for fungal cell wall components, produced IL-12p40 at levels comparable to the levels produced by BM-DCs from wild-type mice, and DNA from a C. albicans pmr1Δ null mutant, which has a gross defect in mannosylation, retained the ability to activate BM-DCs. This stimulatory effect disappeared completely after DNase treatment. In contrast, RNase treatment increased production of the cytokine. A similar reduction in cytokine production was observed when BM-DCs from TLR9−/− and MyD88−/− mice were used. In a luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB activation was detected in TLR9-expressing HEK293T cells stimulated with C. albicans DNA. Confocal microscopic analysis showed similar localization of C. albicans DNA and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in BM-DCs. Treatment of C. albicans DNA with methylase did not affect its ability to induce IL-12p40 synthesis, whereas the same treatment completely eliminated the ability of CpG-ODN to induce IL-12p40 synthesis. Finally, impaired clearance of this fungal pathogen was not found in the kidneys of TLR9−/− mice. These results suggested that C. albicans DNA activated BM-DCs through a TLR9-mediated signaling pathway using a mechanism independent of the unmethylated CpG motif.
TinyIPFIX for Smart Meters in Constrained Networks

This document specifies the TinyIPFIX protocol that is used for transmitting smart-metering data in constrained networks such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN, RFC 4944). TinyIPFIX is derived from IP Flow Information Export (RFC 7011) and adopted to the needs of constrained networks. This document specifies how the TinyIPFIX Data and Template Records are transmitted in constrained networks such as 6LoWPAN and how TinyIPFIX data can be converted into data that is not TinyIPFIX in a proxy device.
Global Transcriptome Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Response to Zika Virus Infection

Vector-borne viruses pose great risks to human health. Zika virus has recently emerged as a global threat, rapidly expanding its distribution. Understanding the interactions of the virus with mosquito vectors at the molecular level is vital for devising new approaches in inhibiting virus transmission. In this study, we embarked on analyzing the transcriptional response of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to Zika virus infection. Results showed large changes in both coding and long noncoding RNAs. Analysis of these genes showed similarities with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus, which is transmitted by the same mosquito vector. The outcomes provide a global picture of changes in the mosquito vector in response to Zika virus infection. ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) of the Flaviviridae family is a recently emerged mosquito-borne virus that has been implicated in the surge of the number of microcephaly instances in South America. The recent rapid spread of the virus led to its declaration as a global health emergency by the World Health Organization. The virus is transmitted mainly by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is also the vector of dengue virus; however, little is known about the interactions of the virus with the mosquito vector. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of whole A. aegypti mosquitoes in response to ZIKV infection at 2, 7, and 14 days postinfection using transcriptome sequencing. Results showed changes in the abundance of a large number of transcripts at each time point following infection, with 18 transcripts commonly changed among the three time points. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of the altered genes are involved in metabolic processes, cellular processes, and proteolysis. In addition, 486 long intergenic noncoding RNAs that were altered upon ZIKV infection were identified. Further, we found changes of a number of potential mRNA target genes correlating with those of altered host microRNAs. The outcomes provide a basic understanding of A. aegypti responses to ZIKV and help to determine host factors involved in replication or mosquito host antiviral response against the virus. IMPORTANCE Vector-borne viruses pose great risks to human health. Zika virus has recently emerged as a global threat, rapidly expanding its distribution. Understanding the interactions of the virus with mosquito vectors at the molecular level is vital for devising new approaches in inhibiting virus transmission. In this study, we embarked on analyzing the transcriptional response of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to Zika virus infection. Results showed large changes in both coding and long noncoding RNAs. Analysis of these genes showed similarities with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus, which is transmitted by the same mosquito vector. The outcomes provide a global picture of changes in the mosquito vector in response to Zika virus infection.