Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade-offs in energy consumption and throughput for a simple two-relay network

In this paper, we consider a simple two-relay wireless sensor network with packet retransmission where transmission energy and network geometry can be adjusted to improve the energy efficiency of the whole network. We model the energy states of the system as a Markov chain. With both analytical and numerical methods, we investigate how total energy consumption per packet and system throughput are affected by transmit energy allocation and network geometry. The results indicate that the maximum system throughput and minimum system energy consumption per packet can not be optimized simultaneously. We show there are three operating regions representing different throughput and total energy consumption tradeoffs. The approach taken in this paper could be applied to the sensor networks that have no hard requirement on the throughput and delay.
REDSHIFTS, SAMPLE PURITY, AND BCG POSITIONS FOR THE GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG FROM THE FIRST 720 SQUARE DEGREES OF THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY

We present the results of the ground- and space-based optical and near-infrared (NIR) follow-up of 224 galaxy cluster candidates detected with the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in the 720 deg2 of the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey completed in the 2008 and 2009 observing seasons. We use the optical/NIR data to establish whether each candidate is associated with an overdensity of galaxies and to estimate the cluster redshift. Most photometric redshifts are derived through a combination of three different cluster redshift estimators using red-sequence galaxies, resulting in an accuracy of Δz/(1 + z) = 0.017, determined through comparison with a subsample of 57 clusters for which we have spectroscopic redshifts. We successfully measure redshifts for 158 systems and present redshift lower limits for the remaining candidates. The redshift distribution of the confirmed clusters extends to z = 1.35 with a median of zmed = 0.57. Approximately 18% of the sample with measured redshifts lies at z > 0.8. We estimate a lower limit to the purity of this SPT SZ-selected sample by assuming that all unconfirmed clusters are noise fluctuations in the SPT data. We show that the cumulative purity at detection significance ξ > 5(ξ > 4.5) is ⩾95% (⩾70%). We present the red brightest cluster galaxy (rBCG) positions for the sample and examine the offsets between the SPT candidate position and the rBCG. The radial distribution of offsets is similar to that seen in X-ray-selected cluster samples, providing no evidence that SZ-selected cluster samples include a different fraction of recent mergers from X-ray-selected cluster samples.
Localized erythema multiforme‐like contact dermatitis from laundry bar soap

A 27-year-old man presented with a history of acne after beginning his research for the graduate dissertation in a chemical laboratory. His work involved manipulation of o-dichlorobenzene once a day and no contact with any other chemical substances except acetone. 3 months after starting this work, he had begun to show initial manifestations of acne and had then accidental hand contact with o-dichlorobenzene because of a broken vial. Soon after this episode, acne symptoms worsened, prompting him to seek medical advice. On examination, there were open comedones and straw-coloured cysts on the cheeks and malar crescent. No lesions were apparent on the forehead, the neck or the chest. Blood tests were normal and there was no evidence of other diseases. The patient was removed from further exposure, treated with systemic antibiotic therapy, and after 3 months showed evident improvement. In order to help confirm the role of o-dichlorobenzene exposure, passive diffusion samplers (Radiello, Aquaria, Milano, Italy) were placed in the laboratory for the duration of the work shift, desorbed with CS2 and then analysed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. O-dichlorobenzene present in the air was in the range of 0.8–2.2 p.p.b. , that is hundreds of times lower than the ACGIH TLVTWA of 25 p.p.m.
Bilingual Terminology Acquisition from Comparable Corpora and Phrasal Translation to Cross-Language Information Retrieval

The present paper will seek to present an approach to bilingual lexicon extraction from non-aligned comparable corpora, phrasal translation as well as evaluations on Cross-Language Information Retrieval. A two-stages translation model is proposed for the acquisition of bilingual terminology from comparable corpora, disambiguation and selection of best translation alternatives according to their linguistics-based knowledge. Different rescoring techniques are proposed and evaluated in order to select best phrasal translation alternatives. Results demonstrate that the proposed translation model yields better translations and retrieval effectiveness could be achieved across Japanese-English language pair.
Ultrabroadband XFROG of few-cycle mid-infrared pulses by four-wave mixing in a gas

Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a gas medium is shown to enable dispersion-free characterization of few-cycle mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses tunable within a spectral range of more than two octaves. The FWM XFROG technique is used to measure spectra and pulse shapes, as well as to retrieve the phase of a few-cycle output of difference-frequency generation (DFG) tunable from 3 to 11 μm. With Ti:sapphire laser pulses used as a reference, this FWM process maps the entire tunability range of the DFG source, spanning over more than two octaves, onto a wavelength region of only 50 nm in the visible, allowing convenient XFROG measurements and revealing the reshaping of few-cycle mid-IR field waveforms by molecular rovibrational modes.
Cerebral ATP-sensitive potassium channels during acute reduction of carotid blood flow.

The ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are activated either by a decrease in intracellular ATP content or by a lowering of the ATP-ADP ratio such as during stroke. We studied the role of cerebral KATP on arterial pressure during acute reduction of cerebral blood flow in 12-week-old male Wistar rats anesthetized with urethane by recording arterial pressure and heart rate continuously. After bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries, glibenclamide, a specific blocker of KATP, was injected intracerebroventricularly into the cerebral lateral ventricle. Glibenclamide elicited a sustained vasopressor response in a dose-dependent manner in rats with bilateral carotid artery ligation (10 nmol, +15 +/- 2 mm Hg; 1 nmol, +5 +/- 1 mm Hg, P < .01 versus vehicle), but hemodynamic alterations were barely recorded with glibenclamide in sham-operated control rats. The abdominal sympathetic discharge was not increased significantly enough to explain the pressor mechanism. Similarly, pretreatments with intravenous injections of bunazosin, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, did not affect the pressor response of intracerebroventricular glibenclamide. To investigate the vasopressor mechanism further, we measured plasma and pituitary concentrations of arginine vasopressin and determined the effects of vasopressin receptor antagonists. The intracerebroventricular injections of glibenclamide significantly increased the plasma concentration of vasopressin (P < .05) and significantly decreased the pituitary concentration of vasopressin (P < .05) in rats with bilateral carotid artery ligation. Intravenous pretreatment with the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist OPC-21268 abolished the vasopressor response to intracerebroventricular glibenclamide (+16 +/- 2 versus +1 +/- 1 mm Hg, P < .01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Revisiting the thermal recrystallization of mechanically amorphized lignocellulose

The products of mechanical activation of lignocellulose are subject to the process of recrystallization of amorphized cellulose sections in some cases, this process reduces the efficiency of subsequent chemical and enzymatic treatment of plant raw materials. The process of recrystallization was studied on lignin-containing raw material - wheat straw. The crystal structure, particle and crystallite size of wheat straw ware studied by X-ray diffraction and granulometric analysis. It was found that the degree of crystallinity of cellulose in the composition of wheat straw decreases from 70 to 19 % in the process of mechanical activation in an AGO-2 planetary ball mill, the destruction of cellulose chains is observed predominantly along the [010] direction. The grinding limit was reached after 10 minutes of activation. Thermocycling at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (-196 °C ) and at 180 °C of lignocellulose revealed that under these conditions the degree of recrystallization of amorphous regions of cellulose is negligible, which can be explained by the presence of lignin and a low water content in a material with a material moisture content (about 5.0 wt. %).
Capacity-Approaching Multiple Coding for MIMO Rayleigh Fading Systems With Transmit Channel State Information

We study transmit power adaptation and capacity-approaching coding/decoding in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channels under the assumption that perfect channel state information (CSI) is known at both the transmitter and the receiver. The capacity in MIMO systems with transmitter CSI can be achieved via two schemes: 1) a multiple-coding scheme with temporal and spatial water filling and 2) a single-coding scheme with temporal and spatial water filling. The former requires an infinite number of different codes, and the latter one requires interblock coding and, therefore, a very long code. We propose three simple but powerful methods for transforming the MIMO fading channel into a set of additive white Gaussian noise channels to which standard codes for the Gaussian channel can then be applied. We show through a number of examples that these methods can closely approach channel capacity. As a by-product, the closed-form expressions of the marginal probability density function of the ordered and unordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices are derived.
3D Virtual Hand Selection with EMS and Vibration Feedback

Selection is one of the most basic interaction methods in 3D user interfaces. Previous work has shown that visual feedback improves such actions. However, haptic feedback can increase the realism or also help for occluded targets. Here we investigate if 3D virtual hand selection benefits from electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and vibration. In our experiment we used a 3D version of a Fitts' task to compare visual, EMS, vibration, and no feedback. The results demonstrate that both EMS and vibration are reasonable alternatives to visual feedback. We also found good user acceptance for both technologies.
Development of Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerosis Model Using Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knock-Out Swine with Balloon Injury

Background Several animal models have facilitated the evaluation and pathological understanding of atherosclerosis, but a definitive animal model of coronary atherosclerosis is not available. We therefore developed low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) pigs with hypercholesterolemia, a model which rapidly developed coronary atherosclerosis following balloon injury. Methods and Results We deleted LDLR exon regions from cultured porcine fetal fibroblasts and cloned LDLR knockout (LDLR-KO) embryos microinjecting fetal fibroblast nuclei into enucleated oocytes. Twelve LDLR-KO pigs were fed a 2.0% cholesterol and 20% fat diet. Baseline serum LDL cholesterol level was 510.0±86.1 mg/dL. Balloon injury was created in 46 coronary segments and necropsy were obtained 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks later. Coronary artery sections were reviewed to evaluate lesion progression. We found lipid accumulation with foam cells and inflammatory cells beginning four weeks after balloon injury. The mean ratio of macrophages to plaque area was significantly higher in the four- weeks and eight-week animals compared with those at 2-weeks (8.79% ± 5.98% and 17.00% ± 10.38% vs. 1.14% ± 1.88%, P < 0.0001). At 12 weeks the ratio decreased toward the level at 2 week level (4.00% ± 4.56%, P = 0.66 vs. baseline). Advanced coronary atherosclerotic lesions contained lipid pools at eight-weeks with fibrous components beginning at 12 weeks. Conclusions We developed a model of rapid coronary atherosclerosis using LDLR KO pigs with balloon injury. This model may be useful for preclinical evaluation of medication or devices, and may also help investigate mechanisms of plaque progression.
Genetic Versus Pharmacological Assessment of the Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in Alcohol Reward-Related Behaviors.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in modulating the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Recently, the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) was shown to be expressed in brain reward circuitry and is implicated in modulating the rewarding effects of alcohol. METHODS CB2 ligands and CB2R knockout (KO) mice were used to assess CB2R involvement in alcohol reward-related behavior in 2 well-established behavioral models: limited-access 2-bottle choice drinking and conditioned place preference (CPP). For the pharmacological studies, mice received pretreatments of either vehicle, the CB2R agonist JWH-133 (10 and 20 mg/kg) or the CB2R antagonist AM630 (10 and 20 mg/kg) 30 minutes before behavioral testing. For the genetic studies, CB2R KO mice were compared to wild-type (WT) littermate controls. RESULTS CB2R KO mice displayed increased magnitude of alcohol-induced CPP compared to WT mice. Neither agonism nor antagonism of CB2R affected alcohol intake or the expression of CPP, and antagonism of CB2R during CPP acquisition trials also did not affect CPP. CONCLUSIONS The CB2R KO CPP data provide partial support for the hypothesis that CB2Rs are involved in the modulation of alcohol reward-related behaviors. However, pharmacological manipulation of CB2Rs did not alter alcohol's rewarding effects in the alcohol-seeking models used here. These results highlight the importance of pharmacological validation of effects seen with lifetime KO models. Given the ongoing efforts toward medications development, future studies should continue to explore the role of the CB2R as a potential neurobiological target for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
Towards Optimal Deterministic Coding for Interactive Communication

We study efficient, deterministic interactive coding schemes that simulate any interactive protocol both under random and adversarial errors, and can achieve a constant communication rate independent of the protocol length. For channels that flip bits independently with probability e For channels in which an adversary controls the noise pattern our coding scheme can tolerate Ω(1/log n) fraction of errors with rate approaching 1. Once more, all previously known nontrivial deterministic schemes (either efficient or not) in the adversarial setting had a rate bounded away from 1, and no nontrivial efficient deterministic coding schemes were known with any constant rate. Essential to both results is an explicit, efficiently encodable and decodable systematic tree code of length n that has relative distance Ω(1/log n) and rate approaching 1, defined over an O(log n)-bit alphabet. No nontrivial tree code (either efficient or not) was known to approach rate 1, and no nontrivial distance bound was known for any efficient constant rate tree code. The fact that our tree code is systematic, turns out to play an important role in obtaining rate 1 - O([EQUATION]) in the random error model, and approaching rate 1 in the adversarial error model.
Comparison of multi‐subject ICA methods for analysis of fMRI data

Spatial independent component analysis (ICA) applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data identifies functionally connected networks by estimating spatially independent patterns from their linearly mixed fMRI signals. Several multi‐subject ICA approaches estimating subject‐specific time courses (TCs) and spatial maps (SMs) have been developed, however, there has not yet been a full comparison of the implications of their use. Here, we provide extensive comparisons of four multi‐subject ICA approaches in combination with data reduction methods for simulated and fMRI task data. For multi‐subject ICA, the data first undergo reduction at the subject and group levels using principal component analysis (PCA). Comparisons of subject‐specific, spatial concatenation, and group data mean subject‐level reduction strategies using PCA and probabilistic PCA (PPCA) show that computationally intensive PPCA is equivalent to PCA, and that subject‐specific and group data mean subject‐level PCA are preferred because of well‐estimated TCs and SMs. Second, aggregate independent components are estimated using either noise‐free ICA or probabilistic ICA (PICA). Third, subject‐specific SMs and TCs are estimated using back‐reconstruction. We compare several direct group ICA (GICA) back‐reconstruction approaches (GICA1‐GICA3) and an indirect back‐reconstruction approach, spatio‐temporal regression (STR, or dual regression). Results show the earlier group ICA (GICA1) approximates STR, however STR has contradictory assumptions and may show mixed‐component artifacts in estimated SMs. Our evidence‐based recommendation is to use GICA3, introduced here, with subject‐specific PCA and noise‐free ICA, providing the most robust and accurate estimated SMs and TCs in addition to offering an intuitive interpretation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of Multiple Manding Topographies during Functional Communication Training

We evaluated the effects of reinforcing multiple manding topographies during functional communication training (FCT) to decrease problem behavior for three preschool-age children. During Phase 1, a functional analysis identified conditions that maintained problem behavior for each child. During Phase 2, the children's parents taught them to request positive reinforcers (attention or toys) via vocal manding, manual signing, or touching a picture/word card with or without a microswitch recording device. A non-concurrent multiple-baseline design across children was used to evaluate FCT outcomes. Results showed that problem behavior decreased for all three children. Results also indicated that the children initially used multiple manding topographies but displayed a preference for vocal manding over time.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Highlights That the Oxygen Effect Contributes to the Radiosensitizing Effect of Paclitaxel

Background Paclitaxel (PTX) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent and is widely used in the treatments of solid tumors, particularly of the breast and ovaries. An effective and safe micellar formulation of PTX was used to administer higher doses of PTX than Taxol® (the current commercialized drug). We hypothesize that PTX-loaded micelles (M-PTX) may enhance tumor radiosensitivity by increasing the tumor oxygenation (pO2). Our goals were (i) to evaluate the contribution of the “oxygen effect” to the radiosensitizing effect of PTX; (ii) to demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of the combination of M-PTX and irradiation and (iii) to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the observed oxygen effect. Methodology and Principal Findings We used (PEG-p-(CL-co-TMC)) polymeric micelles to solubilize PTX. pO2 was measured on TLT tumor-bearing mice treated with M-PTX (80 mg/kg) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. The regrowth delay following 10 Gy irradiation 24 h after M-PTX treatment was measured. The tumor perfusion was assessed by the patent blue staining. The oxygen consumption rate and the apoptosis were evaluated by EPR oximetry and the TUNEL assay, respectively. EPR oximetry experiments showed that M-PTX dramatically increases the pO2 24 h post treatment. Regrowth delay assays demonstrated a synergy between M-PTX and irradiation. M-PTX increased the tumor blood flow while cells treated with M-PTX consumed less oxygen and presented more apoptosis. Conclusions M-PTX improved the tumor oxygenation which leads to synergy between this treatment and irradiation. This increased pO2 can be explained both by an increased blood flow and an inhibition of O2 consumption.
Guitar Tab Mining, Analysis and Ranking

With over 4.5 million tablatures and chord sequences (collectively known as tabs), the web holds vast quantities of hand annotated scores in non-standardised text files. These scores are typically error-prone and incomplete, and tab collections contain many duplicates, making retrieval of high quality tabs difficult. Despite this, tabs are by far the most popular means of sharing musical instructions on the internet. We have developed tools that use text analysis and alignment for the automatic retrieval, interpretation and analysis of such tabs in order to filter and estimate the most accurate tabs from the multitude available. We show that the standard means of ranking tabs, such as search engine ranks or user ratings, have little correlation with the accuracy of a tab and that a better ranking method is to use features such as the concurrency between tabs of the same song. We also compare the quality of top-ranked tabs with state-of-the-art chord transcription output and find that the latter provides a more reliable source of chord symbols with an accuracy rate 10% higher than the ranked hand annotations.
Implementing and Testing a Semantic-Driven Approach Towards a Better Comprehension Between Service Consumers and Providers

Service Level Agreements (SLA) management has been the subject of intensive research. However, the existing protocols for SLA negotiation and generation have not addressed the issue of the knowledge difference between clients and the providers. In this paper, we present the implementation of our automatic matching approach between the client and the provider in order to bridge the gap between their knowledge degrees. Our matching approach is based on inference techniques and semantic interpretation. The first step of this approach consists in generating correspondences between the client and the provider terms by assigning a certainty degree for their equivalence. The second step corrects and refines these certainties. In the third step, we evaluate the matching results. In case of compatibility, in the last step, a draft version of an agreement is automatically generated. In this paper, we present the implementation of the three first steps.
String comparison by transposition networks

Computing string or sequence alignments is a classical method of comparing strings and has applications in many areas of computing, such as signal processing and bioinformatics. Semi-local string alignment is a recent generalisation of this method, in which the alignment of a given string and all substrings of another string are computed simultaneously at no additional asymptotic cost. In this paper, we show that there is a close connection between semi-local string alignment and a certain class of traditional comparison networks known as transposition networks. The transposition network approach can be used to represent different string comparison algorithms in a unified form, and in some cases provides generalisations or improvements on existing algorithms. This approach allows us to obtain new algorithms for sparse semi-local string comparison and for comparison of highly similar and highly dissimilar strings, as well as of run-length compressed strings. We conclude that the transposition network method is a very general and flexible way of understanding and improving different string comparison algorithms, as well as their efficient implementation.