Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autocomplete painting repetitions

Painting is a major form of content creation, offering unlimited control and freedom of expression. However, it can involve tedious manual repetitions, such as stippling large regions or hatching complex contours. Thus, a central goal in digital painting research is to automate tedious repetitions while allowing user control. Existing methods impose a sequential order, in which a small exemplar is prepared and then cloned through additional gestures. Such sequential mode may break the continuous, spontaneous flow of painting. Moreover, it is more suitable for homogeneous areas than nuanced variations common in real paintings. We present an interactive digital painting system that auto-completes tedious repetitions while preserving nuanced variations and maintaining natural flows. Specifically, users paint as usual, while our system records and analyzes their workflows. When potential repetition is detected, our system predicts what the user might want to draw and offers auto-completes that adjust to the existing shape-color context. Our method eliminates the need for sequential creation-cloning and better adapts to the local painting contexts. Furthermore, users can choose to accept, ignore, or modify those predictions and thus maintain full control. Our method can be considered as the painting analogy of auto-completes in common typing and IDE systems. We demonstrate the quality and usability of our system through painting results and a pilot user study.
In or out?: putting write barriers in their place

In many garbage collected systems, the mutator performs a write barrier for every pointer update. Using generational garbage collectors, we study in depth three code placement options for remembered-set write barriers: inlined, out-of-line, and partially inlined (fast path inlined, slow path out-of-line). The fast path determines if the collector needs to remember thepointer update. The slow path records the pointer in a list when necessary. Efficient implementations minimize the instructions on the fast path, and record few pointers (from 0.16 to 3% of pointer stores in our benchmarks). We find the mutator performs best with a partially inlined barrier, by a modest 1.5% on average over full inlining.We also study the compilation cost of write-barrier code placement. We find that partial inlining reduces the compilation cost by 20 to 25% compared to full inlining. In the context of just-in-time compilation, the application is exposed to compiler activity. Regardless of the level of compiler activity, partial inlining consistently gives a total running time performance advantage over full inlining on the benchmarks. When the compiler optimizes all application methods on demand and compiler load is highest, partial inlining improves total performance on average by 10.2%, and up to 18.5%.
Heterogeneous Multiscale Methods for Interface Tracking of Combustion Fronts

In this paper we investigate the heterogeneous multiscale methods (HMM) for interface tracking and apply the technique to the simulation of combustion fronts. Our goal is to overcome the numerical difficulties, which are caused by different time scales between the transport part and the reactive part in the model equations of some interface tracking problems, such as combustion processes. HMM relies on an efficient coupling between the macroscale and microscale models. When the macroscale model is not fully known explicitly or not valid in localized regions, HMM provides a procedure for supplementing the missing data from a microscale model. Here we design and analyze a multiscale scheme in which a localized microscale model resolves the details in the model and a phase field or a front tracking method defines the interface on the macroscale. This multiscale technique overcomes the difficulty of stiffness of common problems in combustion processes. Numerical results for Majda's model and reactive Euler eq.
An Approach to Temporal Planning and Scheduling in Domains with Predictable Exogenous Events

The treatment of exogenous events in planning is practically important in many real-world domains where the preconditions of certain plan actions are affected by such events. In this paper we focus on planning in temporal domains with exogenous events that happen at known times, imposing the constraint that certain actions in the plan must be executed during some predefined time windows. When actions have durations, handling such temporal constraints adds an extra difficulty to planning. We propose an approach to planning in these domains which integrates constraint-based temporal reasoning into a graph-based planning framework using local search. Our techniques are implemented in a planner that took part in the 4th International Planning Competition (IPC-4). A statistical analysis of the results of IPC-4 demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in terms of both CPU-time and plan quality. Additional experiments show the good performance of the temporal reasoning techniques integrated into our planner.
The Importance of Previous Experience for the Trial of Mobile Self-Service Technologies

An increasing number of companies utilize mobile communication such as advertisements via Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile payment to facilitate interaction with their customers. Given the manifold potentials of mobile technologies, it is not surprising that a lot of innovative business models and services are emerging. In this paper we first discuss various theories of technology diffusion and trial of technology, which are frequently used in information systems and marketing research. Subsequently, we present a system which allows ordering products by simply photographing an advanced form of barcode, which can be placed on virtually any printed media, the product itself, or even be shown on television. We use a Structural Equation Modeling approach to measure the importance of various antecedents of trial, namely the ability to use a mobile technology, users’ role clarity, and both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the role of previous experience as a moderator of the antecedents of technology trial is explored. The results show that there is a significant difference between experienced and inexperienced users regarding the trial of this service innovation.
The multilayer perceptron approach to lateral motion prediction of surrounding vehicles for autonomous vehicles

For safe and reliable autonomous driving systems, prediction of surrounding vehicles' future behavior and potential risks are critical. The state-of-the-art prediction algorithms tend to show limited performance on long-term predictions due to their deterministic nature. In this paper, a probabilistic lateral motion prediction algorithm is proposed based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) approach. The MLP model consists of two parts; target lane and trajectory models. In order to develop an intuitive and accurate prediction algorithm, a lane-based trajectory prediction model is introduced based on the fact that vehicles drive within a lane except for during lane changes. More specifically, a set of three representative trajectories with different levels of lane-change positions are generated for each target lane, and real-world traffic data is categorized by each trajectory for MLP training. These target lane and trajectory models enable the stochastic MLP modeling and training. The proposed MLP model outputs probabilities of how likely a vehicle will follow each trajectory and each lane for a given input of vehicle position history including current position. For training the MLP model, Next Generation Simulation traffic data are used. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm detects lane-changes one to one and a half second earlier than existing methods and three seconds before lane crossing with about ninety percentages accuracy.
Mining Opinion Holders and Opinion Patterns in US Financial Statements

Subjective statements provide qualitative evaluation of the financial status of the reporting corporations, in addition to the quantitative information released in US 10-K filings. Both qualitative and quantitative appraisals are crucial for quality financial decisions. To extract such opinioned statements from the reports, we built tagging models based on the conditional random field (CRF) techniques, considering a variety of combinations of linguistic factors including morphology, orthography, predicate-argument structure, syntax and simple semantics. The CRF models showed reasonable effectiveness to find opinion holders in experiments when we adopted the popular MPQA corpus for training and testing. We also identified opinion patterns in the form of multi-word expressions (MWEs), which is a major contribution of our work. In a recent article published in a prestigious journal in Finance, single words, rather than MWEs, were reported to indicate positive and negative judgments in financial statements.
Reliability Analysis of Energy-Efficient Parallel Storage Systems

Existing reliability models evaluate the lifetime of storage systems well. However, few models aim to analysis parallel storage systems, especially systems equipped with energy-efficient solutions. MREED model provides an inspiring reliability analysis idea for energy-efficient parallel storage systems, especially RAIDs. Unfortunately, the MREED has its disadvantage that it can evaluate RAID-0 only, in which a basic method of data-stripping is applied. In this paper, we extend the MREED model to cover the most energy-efficient RAID setups including RAID-1, which introduces disk-mirroring techniques, and RAID-5, which applies a data-parity techniques based on data-stripping schemes for a data recovery purpose. The MREED is then applied to evaluate an existing well-known power-aware RAID system-PARAID. Experimental results indicate the data locality affection and data parity impaction on the reliability of PARAID. Furthermore, we investigate a fundamental trade-off between reliability and energy-efficiency in terms of energy-saving RAID systems. A tradeoff curve is provided to justify whether it worth to sacrifice reliability for better energy efficiency.
Inter-species normalization of gene mentions with GNAT

MOTIVATION Text mining in the biomedical domain aims at helping researchers to access information contained in scientific publications in a faster, easier and more complete way. One step towards this aim is the recognition of named entities and their subsequent normalization to database identifiers. Normalization helps to link objects of potential interest, such as genes, to detailed information not contained in a publication; it is also key for integrating different knowledge sources. From an information retrieval perspective, normalization facilitates indexing and querying. Gene mention normalization (GN) is particularly challenging given the high ambiguity of gene names: they refer to orthologous or entirely different genes, are named after phenotypes and other biomedical terms, or they resemble common English words. RESULTS We present the first publicly available system, GNAT, reported to handle inter-species GN. Our method uses extensive background knowledge on genes to resolve ambiguous names to EntrezGene identifiers. It performs comparably to single-species approaches proposed by us and others. On a benchmark set derived from BioCreative 1 and 2 data that contains genes from 13 species, GNAT achieves an F-measure of 81.4% (90.8% precision at 73.8% recall). For the single-species task, we report an F-measure of 85.4% on human genes. AVAILABILITY A web-frontend is available at http://cbioc.eas. asu.edu/gnat/. GNAT will also be available within the BioCreativeMetaService project, see http://bcms.bioinfo. cnio.es. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The test data set, lexica, and links toexternal data are available at http://cbioc.eas. asu.edu/gnat/
How many known symbols are required for linear channel estimation in OFDM?

Training sequences for estimation of channel parameters have been well designed under the condition that the number of the unknown channel parameters is not greater than the number of the known symbols. Without the condition, we develop a method to obtain the optimal number of known pilot symbols for pilot-aided linear channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We derive an expression for channel estimation error covariance from which performance measures can be numerically evaluated to obtain the optimal number of pilot symbols. Using capacity lower bound as a performance measure, we demonstrate that for channels with exponential power profiles, it is better to estimate a truncated version of the channel response, which reveals the disadvantage of the existing design based on the condition.
A NUMA Aware Scheduler for a Parallel Sparse Direct Solver

Modern multi-processing architectures are commonly based on shared memory systems with a NUMA behavior. These computers are composed of several chip-sets including one or several cores associated to a memory bank. The chipset are linked together with a cache-coherent interconnection system. Such an architecture implies hierarchical memory access times from a given core to the different memory banks. This architecture also possibly incurs different bandwidths following the respective location of a given core and the location of the data sets that this core is using [2]. It is thus important on such platforms to take these processor/memory locality effects into account when allocating resources. Modern operating systems commonly provide some API dedicated to NUMA architectures which allow programmers to control where threads are executed and memory is allocated. These interfaces have been used in the following part to exhibit NUMA effects on different architectures. First, we study the cost of placement combinations of threads and memory on a set of BLAS functions. Table 1 and 2 shows the NUMA factor on one node of the NUMA8 architecture 1 . The results confirmed the presence of a shared memory bank for each chip of two cores. We also observed that the effects are more important for computations which do not reuse data as BLAS routines of level 1 and where data transfer is the bottleneck. The NUMA factor increases to 1.58 on this architecture.
Sparse higher order conditional random fields for improved sequence labeling

In real sequence labeling tasks, statistics of many higher order features are not sufficient due to the training data sparseness, very few of them are useful. We describe Sparse Higher Order Conditional Random Fields (SHO-CRFs), which are able to handle local features and sparse higher order features together using a novel tractable exact inference algorithm. Our main insight is that states and transitions with same potential functions can be grouped together, and inference is performed on the grouped states and transitions. Though the complexity is not polynomial, SHO-CRFs are still efficient in practice because of the feature sparseness. Experimental results on optical character recognition and Chinese organization name recognition show that with the same higher order feature set, SHO-CRFs significantly outperform previous approaches.
Pre-Steady-State Decoding of the Bicoid Morphogen Gradient

Morphogen gradients are established by the localized production and subsequent diffusion of signaling molecules. It is generally assumed that cell fates are induced only after morphogen profiles have reached their steady state. Yet, patterning processes during early development occur rapidly, and tissue patterning may precede the convergence of the gradient to its steady state. Here we consider the implications of pre-steady-state decoding of the Bicoid morphogen gradient for patterning of the anterior–posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. Quantitative analysis of the shift in the expression domains of several Bicoid targets (gap genes) upon alteration of bcd dosage, as well as a temporal analysis of a reporter for Bicoid activity, suggest that a transient decoding mechanism is employed in this setting. We show that decoding the pre-steady-state morphogen profile can reduce patterning errors caused by fluctuations in the rate of morphogen production. This can explain the surprisingly small shifts in gap and pair-rule gene expression domains observed in response to alterations in bcd dosage.
Factors that comprise driver boredom and their relationships to preferred driving speed and demographic variables

Abstract Driver boredom is an area of driver behaviour that has received limited attention. This study explores the factor structure underlying driver boredom and investigates age and gender differences in the experience of driver boredom, and preferred driving speeds using a self-report questionnaire. A rotated principle components analysis of 49 attitude items yielded four dimensions: responses to under-stimulation; flow; lapse and error-proneness; and anxiety. Age and gender differences were found in these dimensions as well as in preferred driving speeds; two of the factors, responses to under-stimulation and flow were particularly related to preferred driving speeds on all but urban roads. These findings are considered in terms of cognitive capacity required for driving, self-reporting of cognitive failure and error-proneness and the implications for drivers maintaining safety margins when bored.
Fingerprint and Palmprint Recognition using Neighborhood Operation and FAST Features

In this paper presents biometrics based fingerprint and palmprint recognition and authentication system. Fingerprint and palmprint images are enhanced using preprocessing techniques such as morphological operations. The feature extraction techniques such as neighborhood operation and FAST feature algorithm is used to independently extract fingerprint and palmprint features. These techniques are more reliable and faster than traditional techniques used. Experimental results shown recognition rate 89.29% for fingerprint and 100% for palmprint this implies that the proposed methodology has better performance and is more reliable over the techniques proposed and used earlier. Abbrevations SF Single Flat SFF Single Flat Flexi LT Left Thumb finger LI Left Index finger LM Left Middle finger LR Left Ring finger LL Left Little finger
Virtual reality-based teleoperation construction robot control system with 3Dvisor device

In this paper, a virtual reality-based construction tele-robot control system is investigated. The system consists of a servo-controlled construction tele-robot, two joysticks for controlling the construction tele-robot, and virtual environment imaging system. The operator performs the teleoperation of the construction tele-robot by manipulating the graphic robot directly in virtual environment using the joysticks. Experiments research indicated that virtual reality technology improved the task efficiency and offered the possibility of performing teleoperation with greater safety. Up to now, the virtual environment imaging system used in this control system is always 2D working scene, no 3D stereoscopic sense in real-life operation. Aiming at the problems, a 3Dvisor device is introduced into this system in this paper, which can move the viewpoint even when the construction tele-robot doesn't move. At last, the evaluation experiments results based on risk indicator using 2D and 3D stereoscopic virtual environment image system respectively are both included in this paper. These experiments results indicate that using 3Dvisor device to present the 3D stereoscopic virtual working environment is effective to enhance the safety by decreasing the average generation force, but the contacting time still needs to be improved in the application.
Pacemaker interference by 60-Hz contact currents

Contact currents occur when a person touches conductive surfaces at different potentials, thereby completing a path for current flow through the body. Such currents provide an additional coupling mechanism between the human body and external low-frequency fields. The resulting fields induced in the body can cause interference with implanted cardiac pacemakers. Modern computing resources used in conjunction with millimeter-scale human body conductivity models make numerical modeling a viable technique for examining any such interference. An existing well-verified scalar-potential finite-difference frequency-domain code has recently been modified to allow for combined current and voltage electrode sources, as well as to allow for implanted wires. Here, this code is used to evaluate the potential for cardiac pacemaker interference by contact currents in a variety of configurations. These include current injection into either hand, and extraction via: 1) the opposite hand; 2) the soles of both feet; or 3) the opposite hand and both feet. Pacemaker generator placement in both the left and right pectoral areas is considered in conjunction with atrial and ventricular electrodes. In addition, the effects of realistically implanted unipolar pacemaker leads with typical lumped resistance values of either 20 k/spl Omega/ and 100 k/spl Omega/ are investigated. It is found that the 60-Hz contact current interference thresholds for typical sensitivity settings of unipolar cardiac pacemaker range from 24 to 45 /spl mu/A. Voltage and electric field dosimetry are also used to provide crude threshold estimates for bipolar pacemaker interference. The estimated contact current thresholds range from 63 to 340 /spl mu/A for bipolar pacemakers.
Dysbalance of Astrocyte Calcium under Hyperammonemic Conditions

Increased brain ammonium (NH4 +/NH3) plays a central role in the manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a complex syndrome associated with neurological and psychiatric alterations, which is primarily a disorder of astrocytes. Here, we analysed the influence of NH4 +/NH3 on the calcium concentration of astrocytes in situ and studied the underlying mechanisms of NH4 +/NH3-evoked calcium changes, employing fluorescence imaging with Fura-2 in acute tissue slices derived from different regions of the mouse brain. In the hippocampal stratum radiatum, perfusion with 5 mM NH4 +/NH3 for 30 minutes caused a transient calcium increase in about 40% of astrocytes lasting about 10 minutes. Furthermore, the vast majority of astrocytes (∼90%) experienced a persistent calcium increase by ∼50 nM. This persistent increase was already evoked at concentrations of 1–2 mM NH4 +/NH3, developed within 10–20 minutes and was maintained as long as the NH4 +/NH3 was present. Qualitatively similar changes were observed in astrocytes of different neocortical regions as well as in cerebellar Bergmann glia. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase resulted in significantly larger calcium increases in response to NH4 +/NH3, indicating that glutamine accumulation was not a primary cause. Calcium increases were not mimicked by changes in intracellular pH. Pharmacological inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium-potassium-chloride-cotransporters (NKCC), the reverse mode of sodium/calcium exchange (NCX), AMPA- or mGluR5-receptors did not dampen NH4 +/NH3-induced calcium increases. They were, however, significantly reduced by inhibition of NMDA receptors and depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Taken together, our measurements show that sustained exposure to NH4 +/NH3 causes a sustained increase in intracellular calcium in astrocytes in situ, which is partly dependent on NMDA receptor activation and on release of calcium from intracellular stores. Our study furthermore suggests that dysbalance of astrocyte calcium homeostasis under hyperammonemic conditions is a widespread phenomenon, which might contribute to the disturbance of neurotransmission during HE.