Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Two Arabidopsis Ire 1 Homologs , Endoplasmic Reticulum-Located Transmembrane Protein Kinases 1

A major response of eukaryotic cells to the presence of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to activate genes that encode ER-located molecular chaperones, such as the binding protein. This response, called the unfolded protein response, requires the transduction of a signal from the ER to the nucleus. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian cells, an ER-located transmembrane receptor protein kinase/ribonuclease called Ire1, with a sensor domain in the lumen of the ER, is the first component of this pathway. Here, we report the cloning and derived amino acid sequences of AtIre1-1 and AtIre1-2, two Arabidopsis homologs of Ire1. The two proteins are located in the perinuclear ER (based on heterologous expression of fusions with green fluorescent protein). The expression patterns of the two genes (using -glucuronidase fusions) are nearly nonoverlapping. We also demonstrate functional complementation of the sensor domains of the two proteins in yeast and show that the Ire1-2 protein is capable of autotransphosphorylation. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the involvement of these genes in unfolded protein response signaling in plants.
Differential tomography: a new framework for SAR interferometry

A new interferometric mode crossing the differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry and multibaseline SAR tomography concepts, that can be termed differential SAR tomography, is proposed. Its potentials, coming from the joint elevation-velocity resolution capability of multiple scatterers, are discussed. Processing is cast in a bidimensional baseline-time spectral analysis framework, with sparse sampling. The use of a modern data-dependent bidimensional spectral estimator is proposed for joint baseline-time processing. Simulated results are reported for different baseline-time acquisition patterns and two motion conditions of layover scatterers, showing that this new challenging interferometric technique is promising.
Estimating Quadratic VariationConsistently in thePresence of Correlated MeasurementError

We propose an econometric model that captures the e¤ects of marketmicrostructure on a latent price process. In particular, we allow for correlationbetween the measurement error and the return process and we allow themeasurement error process to have a diurnal heteroskedasticity. Wepropose a modification of the TSRV estimator of quadratic variation. Weshow that this estimator is consistent, with a rate of convergence thatdepends on the size of the measurement error, but is no worse than n1=6.We investigate in simulation experiments the finite sample performance ofvarious proposed implementations.
Trends in time to invasive examination and treatment from 2001 to 2009 in patients admitted first time with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina in Denmark

Objective To investigate trends in time to invasive examination and treatment for patient with first time diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina during the period from 2001 to 2009 in Denmark. Design From 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2009 all first time hospitalisations with NSTEMI and unstable angina were identified in the National Patient Registry (n=65 909). Time from admission to initiation of coronary angiography (CAG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was calculated. We described the development in invasive examination and treatment probability (CAG, PCI and CABG at 3, 7, 10, 30 and 60 days) for the years 2001–2009, taking the competing risk of death into account using Aalen–Johansen estimators and a Fine-Gray model. Setting Nationwide Danish cohort. Results The proportion of patients receiving a CAG and PCI increased substantially over time while the proportion receiving a CABG decreased for both NSTEMI and unstable angina. For both NSTEMI and unstable angina, a significant increase in invasive examination and treatment probability at 3 days for CAG and PCI were seen especially from 2007 through to 2009. For NSTEMI, the CAG examination probability at 3 days leaped from 20% in 2007 to 32% in 2008 and 39% in 2009, and for PCI the same was true with a leap in treatment probability from 19% to 28% from 2008 to 2009. Conclusions In Denmark the use of CAG and PCI in treatment of NSTEMI and unstable angina has increased from 2001 to 2009, while the use of CABG has decreased. During the same period, there was a marked increase in invasive examination and treatment probability at 3 days, that is, more patients were treated faster which is in line with the political aim of reducing time to treatment.
Models of Airport Performance

Modellers have concentrated their attention on two main aspects of airport performance. In the early years of economic analysis of airports, attention was focused on congestion processes and costs, and the merits of different options, such as pricing, administrative controls, and investments as means of reducing these costs. There was limited interest in this type of model for some time, though lately there has been a resurgence of interest. Currently, much effort is being directed towards developing models of productive efficiency measurement. Airports have been a surprisingly late area for application of such techniques as total factor productivity, data envelopment analysis, and cost or production frontiers, which have been common in other transport and utility industries for some years (see Chapter 20). There is a small, though rapidly growing, and literature in this aspect of modelling. Here, attention is focused mainly on these two types of modelling effort. Most of the models discussed have some numerical component, either in the form of econometric estimation, simulation of results based on assumed parameter values, or calculation of productivity or efficiency. Most of these models also have intended relevance for policy. The earlier, demand–congestion–pricing models are considered first, after which performance-measurement models are considered. In addition, a brief discussion is provided of two other areas of modelling – modelling of airport choice, and computable general equilibrium modelling of impacts of airport operation.
Research on technology of contact insulator pollution classification and pollution level division based on machine vision

Insulator is an important guarantee for the safe operation of electrified railway, but because of working conditions, the insulator would face long-term effects of wind, snow and rain. Insulator surface would easily accumulate filth and pollution flashover occurs, which often leads to blackouts and threatens the safe operation of the railway. Therefore, detection of the insulator working state is very important. In this paper, the HSV model is applied to insulator image segmentation. Then, the features of insulator surface are extracted and the result would be used to classify pollution. Finally, cluster analysis is used to determine the pollution level of insulator.
Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 5 cm in relation to treatment: Study of 100 patients

A total of 100 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma, ⩽5 cm in diameter, seen during the last 8 years were analyzed retrospectively for survival time in relation to treatment and Child's grading. When analyzed with respect to major treatment modalities without considering stage, the median survival was 35.0 months for 34 patients treated by surgery, 28.8 months for 20 patients treated by transcatheter arterial embolization, 10.6 months for 25 patients treated by intraarterial chemotherapy and 9.7 months for 17 patients who received no specific treatment. When patients were divided into three stages without considering treatment, the median survival was 37.1 months for 37 Child's A patients, 16.2 months for 36 Child's B patients and 1.6 months for 27 Child's C patients. These results suggest that the prognosis depended on treatment given and the Child's grade. The effects of major therapeutic modalities on survival were analyzed with regard to Child's grading. Among Child's A patients, the actuarial survival rate for surgery was better than that for transcatheter arterial embolization and for arterial chemotherapy. Among Child's B patients, the survival rate for transcatheter arterial embolization was better than for other treatments. Among Child's C patients, there was no significant difference in survival rate regardless of treatment and its modality. These results suggest that surgery may be indicated as a first choice in Child's A patients, transcatheter arterial embolization in Child's B patients, and there is no effective treatment in Child's C patients. The major cause of death was hepatic failure irrespective of treatment.
Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition

Exercise is a cornerstone therapy for chronic diseases related to multiorgan insulin resistance. However, not all individuals show the anticipated improvement in insulin sensitivity following exercise and these individuals are considered exercise resistant. Caloric restriction is an approach to enhance the effect of exercise on increasing peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, as replenishing expended calories blunts these benefits. Alternatively, restricting carbohydrate intake, independent of energy balance, following exercise provides an additive effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity when compared to refeeding carbohydrate. Although carbohydrate composition modulates insulin sensitivity, few have studied effects of low glycemic index or whole-grain diets following exercise across prediabetes phenotypes on insulin sensitivity. Herein, we propose the novel hypothesis that the combination of individualized nutrition therapy and exercise should be based on the clinical pathology of prediabetes to overcome exercise resistance and improve responsiveness in people at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Effects of Environment Model Parametrization on Photogrametry Reconstruction

This paper is aimed at a description of effects which have assumptions of specific environment structure on quality of recurrently conducted photogrammetry reconstruction. The theoretical part covers the description of three different assumptions of environment structure and mathematical derivation of two suitable recurrent estimators: one based on Extended Kalman filter and the second one based on Maximum likelihood method. The experimental part is introducing simple virtual environment which is observed by linear camera model and then reconstructed using predefined algorithms and assumptions.
TAMK UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Environmental Engineering Toni Paju Survey and recommendations on Zambian dry sanitation improvement programme

The theme of the study is diffusion of dry toilet innovation in the social system of Kaloko area, Zambia. The study is implemented in the Zambian dry sanitation improvement programme, which is run by the Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland. The project aims at promoting ecological sanitation through the use of dry toilets. The aim of the study is to find out if there is a relationship between the level of knowledge that people have on dry toilets, and the adoption of dry toilet use in the communities around the project area. The work is being done to find out why there are many people around the project area, who are reluctant to use dry toilets even though they would have significant advantages in comparison with the current sanitation system. The information for the study was gathered by interviewing people in the project communities, and conducting key informant interviews. The study was implemented using a questionnaire of both quantitative and qualitative questions. The questionnaire was based on the theory of diffusion of innovations. The analysis method was deductive analysis, meaning that the results were looked through the framework set up in the theory chapter. The results were also compared to three other studies made in the field of innovation diffusion research. The obtained results proved that there is a significant positive statistical correlation between the level of education on dry toilets, and the attitude towards dry toilets. It was shown that knowledge reduces uncertainty around dry toilets, takes away space from beliefs, and therefore results in more positive attitude towards the dry toilet concept. Based on the results, suggestions were made to guide the project forward. These results can help the Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland and also other organizations working with similar projects, to develop new strategies for their projects, and therefore achieve wider acceptance of the innovation. The results are applicable to projects in developing countries, to achieve better results when introducing new innovations. Suggestions for further studies were to find out whether the adoption rate of the innovation takes off after the people have observed the results, and what would a more cost-efficient dry toilet model be like to enable even the poorest farmer access to dry toilet fertilizer. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Environmental Engineering Toni Paju Sambian kuivasanitaation kehittämisprojektin arviointi ja suosituksia Tutkintotyö 51 sivua + 6 liitesivua Työn ohjaaja lehtori Eeva-Liisa Viskari Työn teettäjä Käymäläseura Huussi ry, Sari Huuhtanen Toukokuu 2008 Hakusanat kuivakäymälä, innovaatiodiffuusio, kehitysmaa
A small peptide mimicking the key domain of MEPE/OF45 interacting with CHK1 protects human cells from radiation-induced killing

Checkpoint activation benefits DNA homologous recombination repair and therefore protects cells from ionizing radiation (IR)-induced killing. CHK1 is one of the most important checkpoint regulators in mammalian cells. We recently reported that matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein/osteoblast factor 45 (MEPE/OF45) stabilizes CHK1 through interacting with CHK1, thus protecting cells from IR-induced killing. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a small peptide that mimics the key domain of MEPE/OF45 could interact with CHK1 and protect cells from IR-induced killing. We showed here that the synthesized peptide with 18 amino acids (aa) could enter human transformed lymphoblasts when it is linked to fatty acid CH3(CH2)8CO. After the 18 aa peptide entered the human cells, it interacted with CHK1, increased the CHK1 level and induces stronger G2 arrest in the cells following IR. More importantly, the 18 aa peptide could protect the cells from IR-induced killing. Our data indicate that the 18 aa peptide, similar to MEPE/OF45, reduces CHK1 degradation and protects cells from IR-induced killing. We believe that these results provide useful information for drug development in two directions: protect cells from IR induced damage and sensitize cells to radiation therapy.
Numerical Simulation of Reverberation Chamber Parameters Affecting the Received Power Statistics

This paper presents a reverberation chamber (RC) numerical modeling based on a discrete plane wave representation. In particular, the attention is focused on those parameters that may influence the field statistics. It is shown that a random choice of the angle of incidence, the initial phase, and the polarization in a particular range and a proper choice of the number of the plane waves allow us to reproduce the same behavior of experimental data. Both experimental and numerical field data are checked applying the Anderson-Darling (AD) test. More precisely, we count the frequencies where the received power statistics is rejected by the adopted goodness-of-fit test. This paper shows a correspondence between numerical and experimental parameters affecting the occurrence of the rejected frequencies, also giving a probability density function for the observed occurrence. The analysis is completed showing that the AD test rejection does not compromise the chamber use for typical radiated emission or radiated susceptibility tests.
Network Effects on Trade in Intermediate Goods: Evidence from the Automobile Industry

Growing production fragmentation makes the analysis of network effects on trade in intermediate goods more important than ever. The present study measures network effects on auto parts exports from 6 major auto producing countries using a panel data set covering 49 destinations and 31 products from 2002 to 2008. In contrast to prior research, the present study finds that in the case of Japanese automakers, overseas production by subsidiary plants is less important in determining auto parts exports from Japan than it is for the other major auto producing countries. Such uniqueness could be led by the higher reliance on domestic procurements of overseas subsidiaries of Japanese automakers as a result of the transfer of the vertical networks between automakers and parts suppliers formed in Japan.
WAITING FOR SYMPATRIC SPECIATION

Abstract While it now appears likely that sympatric speciation is possible, its generality remains contentious. If it really is rare, then most natural populations must not fit the assumptions of sympatric speciation theory. A better understanding of these assumptions may help identify when sympatric speciation is or is not likely. This paper investigates two such assumptions: that genetic variation for stringent assortative mating is not limiting and that females are not penalized for mating assortatively. Simulations demonstrate that the speed of sympatric speciation is very sensitive to the population's capacity for stringent assortative mating and is potentially extremely slow. The rapid divergence often thought to be a hallmark of sympatric speciation may only occur in a restricted area of parameter space.
The combined effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on lactate threshold.

PURPOSE This study examined the isolated and combined effects of time of day and menstrual cycle phase on the determination of the lactate threshold (Tlac) and blood lactate concentration. METHODS Eleven endurance-trained female athletes (mean age 32.4+/- 6.9 yr) were tested at 06:00 and 18:00 h and at two phases of the menstrual cycle, the midfollicular phase and the midluteal phase. Capillary blood (25 muL) was obtained from the tip of the toe at rest, and during the last 30 s of a continuous, multistage, 3-min incremental protocol on the Concept II rowing ergometer. To determine Tlac, a curve-fitting procedure (Dmax method), a visual method (Tlac-vis), and the fixed blood lactate concentration of 4.0 mmol.L (Tlac-4 mM) were used. Ventilatory threshold (Tvent) was also determined. RESULTS In the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle, Tlac-4 mM occurred at a significantly higher exercise intensity, heart rate, and oxygen consumption than it did in the midfollicular phase. Blood lactate concentration at Tvent and at Tlac using the Dmax method was significantly lower in the midluteal phase. No significant interaction effects (menstrual cycle x time of day) were observed for any of the methods used to determine Tlac or for values of blood lactate concentration at rest and at maximum. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, when using fixed values of blood lactate in physiologic assessment, consideration should be given to the menstrual cycle phase in which the test is carried out.
An overview on saffron, phytochemicals, and medicinal properties

Saffron is the most valuable medicinal food product because of its importance in Iran's agricultural economy. The dried stigmas of the plant Crocus sativus (Iridaceae) are processing to produce saffron as a well-known spice which has some other importance in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, perfumery, and textile dye-producing industries. Recently, reports about the pharmacological activity of this plant increase its importance in the world. The world's annual saffron production is estimated around 300 tons per year (Iran produces 76% of total) and also saffron is considered to be the most expensive spice in the world; hence, there are efforts for its artificial production or defraud. Therefore, the quality conservation of saffron needs to certify in the international trade market following international ISO or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria and standards. In this paper, the recent (or sometimes less documented) reports on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and standard methods for quality evaluation of saffron, as a medicinal food spice, from field cultivation to market are reviewed.
The Great Recession and the UK Labour Market

In line with most of the developed world, the United Kingdom experienced in 2008–09 its worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s: the Great Recession. But despite the 6% peak-to-trough fall in output (as measured by real gross value added at basic prices) the unemployment rate only rose from 5.2% in 2007 Q4 to 8.4 in 2011 Q3. This muted response is often attributed to the flexibility of the UK labour market and, in particular, the willingness of UK workers to see their real wages fall. This paper uses an estimated DSGE model of the UK economy to investigate this hypothesis, assessing which shocks were largely responsible for the Great Recession and the extent to which the effect of these shocks on unemployment would have been worse had the UK labour market responded less flexibly.
Research of Collaborative Interactive for Medical Imaging Based on Roles Change

It is important to share the large amount of medical imaging data in different areas for a diagnosis and treatment collaboratively. Traditional medical visualization systems lack cross-platform access and collaborative mechanisms. This paper proposes a remote collaborative interactive systems for medical imaging based on users' role change. All master users can achieve collaborative interaction with one medical imaging, the spectators can receive the same visualization scene in real-time, and the spectators can change their roles into a master user. The experimental results show that: all remote users can share the medical image data, and they can get real-time collaborative interaction of slice rendering and volume rendering.
Clinical epidemiology of heart failure

The aim of this paper is to review the clinical epidemiology of heart failure. The last paper comprehensively addressing the epidemiology of heart failure in Heart appeared in 2000. Despite an increase in manuscripts describing epidemiological aspects of heart failure since the 1990s, additional information is still needed, as indicated by various editorials.