Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DECENTRALIZED APPROACH FOR CONTROLLING RECOGNIZED FILE SHARING SYSTEM IN CLOUD

Security and privacy area unit important problems in cloud computing, we tend to propose a brand new information sharing has ne'er been easier with the advances of cloud computing, associated associate correct analysis on the shared information provides an array of advantages to each the society and people. Information sharing with an outsized range of participants should take under consideration many problems, as well as potency, information integrity and privacy of knowledge owner. Ring signature could be a promising candidate to construct associate anonymous and authentic information sharing system. It permits an information knowledge owner to anonymously certify his data which may be place into the cloud for storage or analysis purpose. Nevertheless the expensive certificate verification within the ancient public key infrastructure (PKI) Setting becomes a bottleneck for this answer to be ascendible. Identity-based (ID-based) ring signature, that eliminates the method of certificate verification, are often used instead. There area unit 3 users: creator, reader & author. Creator receives a token from a trustee i.e. organization when giving ID to the trustee. There was multiple of Key Distribution Centers (KDC) which may be scattered. A creator provides their token to at least one or a lot of KDC’s then creator receives keys for secret writing & coding and for linguistic communication from KDC’s. The message is encrypted below access policy which suggests it decides United Nations agency will access the information hold on within the cloud. Creator decides on a claim policy to prove her credibleness and signs the message below this claim. The cipher text is distributed to the cloud. The cloud verifies the signature and stores the cipher text. Once a browser desires to read, the cloud sends cipher text. If the user has attributes matching with access policy, it will decipher and obtain back original message.
Towards Understanding Beautiful Things: A Computational Approach for the Study of Color Modulation in Visual Art

This paper is a guided attempt at analyzing the aesthetics of color from the perspective of color theory. Our guides are the works of Johannes Itten, one of the most inﬂuential theorists of color aesthetics. We focus on one speciﬁc aspect of color usage in visual art, namely color modulation. To this purpose, we introduce the color palette, a novel 3D visualization of the chromatic information of an image in the HSL space. Moreover, we propose a set of simple descriptors for evaluating color modulation. Our approach is demonstrated on two case studies, which show that our measures on modulation are consistent with Itten’s color theory. Ongoing work involves a thorough experimental exploration of the proposed color palette and modulation descriptors, in terms of their ability to discriminate between different artists and painting styles.
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN SHUNT AND VENTILATION-PERFUSION MISMATCH FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY CONTUSION

The objective of this study was to investigate early changes in oxygenation by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique and in coagulation by means of thromboelastography (TEG) after right-sided pulmonary contusion (PC) in swine. Anesthetized swine (group 1; n = 8) sustained a right-chest PC by a captive-bolt stunner. Multiple inert gas elimination technique, TEG, and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans were performed before and 10, 30, 60, and 120 min after injury. Three-dimensional CT scan reconstruction enabled measurement of volumes of poorly (VolPoor) and nonaerated (VolNon) lung. Eight animals (group 0) were used as uninjured controls. Pulmonary contusion led to sustained tachycardia and transient hypotension. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) decreased from 83.9 ± 4.2 mmHg at baseline to 51.3 ± 2.8 mmHg 10 min after PC (P < 0.001). VolPoor and VolNon on the right increased significantly after PC, followed by gradual progression in injury marked by decreased VolPoor and increased VolNon. By the multiple inert gas elimination technique, blood flow to the true shunt compartment increased from 4.4% ± 1.0% at baseline to 21.2% ± 4.9% 10 min after PC, P < 0.001, peaked at 33.2% ± 7.5% 30 min after PC, P < 0.001, and remained significantly higher compared with controls. Transient increase in blood flow to low and very low ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) compartments was also seen. Clot reaction time and formation rate by TEG increased at 2 h after PC. True shunt is the major cause of hypoxemia after PC, but V/Q mismatch also contributes significantly early after injury. By CT, PC leads to significant loss of functional lung volume on the side of injury. A mild hypocoagulable state was identified 2 h after injury.
Ultraclean suspended monolayer graphene achieved by in situ current annealing

Ultraclean graphene is essential for studying its intrinsic transport properties or fabricating high-performance electronic devices. Unfortunately, the contamination on graphene is unavoidable after microelectromechanical system processing. Here, we report an in situ current-annealing method for achieving ultraclean suspended monolayer graphene. The charge mobility of cleaned graphene reached a surprising 3.8 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1, one of the highest values ever reported. For the first time, the process of current annealing was recorded under a high-resolution electron scanning microscope. It was demonstrated that temperature was the only dominant factor of the current-annealing process. Meanwhile, the mobility of suspended graphene was found to be highly sensitive to structural defects. The mobility decreased by a factor of over 100 after ion irradiation on graphene. The results revealed the underlying mechanism of current annealing on graphene and provided an effective means of preparing ultraclean graphene membranes.
ANALYSIS OF DIRECT SEGREGATED BOUNDARY-DOMAIN INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR VARIABLE-COEFFICIENT MIXED BVPs IN EXTERIOR DOMAINS

Direct segregated systems of boundary-domain integral equations are formulated for the mixed (Dirichlet–Neumann) boundary value problems for a scalar second-order divergent elliptic partial differential equation with a variable coefficient in an exterior three-dimensional domain. The boundary-domain integral equation system equivalence to the original boundary value problems and the Fredholm properties and invertibility of the corresponding boundary-domain integral operators are analyzed in weighted Sobolev spaces suitable for infinite domains. This analysis is based on the corresponding properties of the BVPs in weighted Sobolev spaces that are proved as well.
Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Risk of Myopathy: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study

We conducted a population-based cohort study to estimate the risk of myopathy associated with use of lipid-lowering drugs. Using data from general practices in the United Kingdom in 1991 through 1997, we identified three cohorts of individuals 40 to 74 years of age. One cohort comprised 17,219 persons who had received at least one prescription for lipid-lowering drugs in the period; a second cohort consisted of patients with a hyperlipidemia diagnosis who had not been prescribed lipid-lowering drugs (N = 28,974); and a third cohort comprised 50,000 individuals from the general population with no diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. The incidence rate of myopathy in the cohort of users of lipid-lowering drugs was 2.3 per 10,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.2–4.4], which exceeded the incidence rates observed in the nontreated hyperlipidemia cohort [0 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI = 0.0–0.4)] and the general population [0.2 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI = 0.1–0.4)]. The relative risks of myopathy in current users of fibrates and statins compared with nonusers were 42.4 (95% CI = 11.6–170.5) and 7.6 (95% CI = 1.4–41.3), respectively. Potential risk factors other than drug use could not explain our findings in the nested case-control analysis. We conclude that use of lipid-lowering drugs is associated with a substantially greater risk of myopathy, which is most pronounced for fibrates. The absolute risk of myopathy in users of lipid-lowering drugs is, however, small.
Comprehensive Genome Scale Phylogenetic Study Provides New Insights on the Global Expansion of Chikungunya Virus

ABSTRACT Since the India and Indian Ocean outbreaks of 2005 and 2006, the global distribution of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the locations of epidemics have dramatically shifted. First, the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) caused sustained epidemics in India and has radiated to many other countries. Second, the Asian lineage has caused frequent outbreaks in the Pacific islands and in 2013 was introduced into the Caribbean, followed by rapid spread to nearly all of the neotropics. Further, CHIKV epidemics, as well as exported cases, have been reported in central Africa after a long period of perceived silence. To understand these changes and to anticipate the future of the virus, the exact distribution, genetic diversity, transmission routes, and future epidemic potential of CHIKV require further assessment. To do so, we conducted the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis to date, examined CHIKV evolution and transmission, and explored distinct genetic factors associated with the emergence of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage, the IOL, and the Asian lineage. Our results reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns among the lineages, with growing genetic diversities observed in each, and suggest that CHIKV will continue to be a major public health threat with the potential for further emergence and spread. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya fever is a reemerging infectious disease that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes severe health and economic burdens in affected populations. Since the unprecedented Indian Ocean and Indian subcontinent outbreaks of 2005 and 2006, CHIKV has further expanded its geographic range, including to the Americas in 2013. Its evolution and transmission during and following these epidemics, as well as the recent evolution and spread of other lineages, require optimal assessment. Using newly obtained genome sequences, we provide a comprehensive update of the global distribution of CHIKV genetic diversity and analyze factors associated with recent outbreaks. These results provide a solid foundation for future evolutionary studies of CHIKV that can elucidate emergence mechanisms and also may help to predict future epidemics.
Frequency of Discordance between Facet Joint Activity on Technetium Tc99m Methylene Diphosphonate SPECT/CT and Selection for Percutaneous Treatment at a Large Multispecialty Institution

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical impact of facet joint bone scan activity is not fully understood. The hypothesis of this study is that facet joints targeted for percutaneous treatment in clinical practice differ from those with reported activity on technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with a technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT scan of the lumbar or cervical spine who underwent subsequent percutaneous facet joint steroid injection or comparative medial branch blocks at our institution between January 1, 2008, and February 19, 2013, were identified. Facet joints with increased activity were compared with those treated. A chart review characterized the clinical reasons for treatment discrepancies. RESULTS: Of 74 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 52 (70%) had discrepant imaging findings and treatment selection of at least 1 facet joint, whereas 34 patients (46%) had a side (right vs left) discrepancy. Only 92 (70%) of 132 facet joints with increased activity were treated, whereas 103 (53%) of 195 of treated facet joints did not have increased activity. The most commonly documented clinical rationale for discrepancy was facet joint activity that was not thought to correlate with clinical findings, cited in 18 (35%) of 52 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Facet joints undergoing targeted percutaneous treatment were frequently discordant with those demonstrating increased technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate activity identified by SPECT/CT at our institution, in many cases because the active facet joint(s) did not correlate with clinical findings. Further prospective double-blinded investigations of the clinical significance of facet joint activity by use of technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT and comparative medial branch blocks are needed.
Brain laterality, depression and anxiety disorders: New findings for emotional and verbal dichotic listening in individuals at risk for depression

ABSTRACT Studies using dichotic listening tests and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of hemispheric asymmetry have reported evidence of abnormal brain laterality in patients having depressive disorders. We present new findings from a multigenerational study of risk for depression, in which perceptual asymmetry was measured in dichotic listening tests of emotional and verbal processing. Biological offspring and grandchildren of probands with a major depressive disorder (MDD) who were at high risk and those of nondepressed controls who were at low risk were tested on dichotic emotional recognition and consonant–vowel syllable tests. In the emotion test, individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of MDD had a smaller right hemisphere advantage than those without a MDD, but there was no difference between high- and low-risk groups or between those with or without an anxiety disorder. In the syllable test, a smaller left hemisphere advantage was found in individuals with an anxiety disorder compared to those without an anxiety disorder, but there was no difference between high- and low-risk groups or between those with or without a MDD. This double dissociation indicates that lifetime diagnosis of MDD and anxiety disorders have a differential impact on lateralized hemispheric processing of emotional and verbal information.
Fourier ptychographic microscopy using wavelength multiplexing

Abstract. Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a recently developed technique stitching low-resolution images in Fourier domain to realize wide-field high-resolution imaging. However, the time-consuming process of image acquisition greatly narrows its applications in dynamic imaging. We report a wavelength multiplexing strategy to speed up the acquisition process of FPM several folds. A proof-of-concept system is built to verify its feasibility. Distinguished from many current multiplexing methods in Fourier domain, we explore the potential of high-speed FPM in spectral domain. Compatible with most existing FPM methods, our strategy provides an approach to high-speed gigapixel microscopy. Several experimental results are also presented to validate the strategy.
Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop a short, reliable, and valid measure of physical function and symptoms related to upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders by shortening the full, thirty-item DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) Outcome Measure. METHODS Three item-reduction techniques were used on the cross-sectional field-testing data derived from a study of 407 patients with various upper-limb conditions. These techniques were the concept-retention method, the equidiscriminative item-total correlation, and the item response theory (Rasch modeling). Three eleven-item scales were created. Data from a longitudinal cohort study in which the DASH questionnaire was administered to 200 patients with shoulder and wrist/hand disorders were then used to assess the reliability (Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability) and validity (cross-sectional and longitudinal construct) of the three scales. Results were compared with those derived with the full DASH. RESULTS The three versions were comparable with regard to their measurement properties. All had a Cronbach alpha of > or = 0.92 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of > or = 0.94. Evidence of construct validity was established (r > or = 0.64 with single-item indices of pain and function). The concept-retention method, the most subjective of the approaches to item reduction, ranked highest in terms of its similarity to the original DASH. CONCLUSIONS The concept-retention version is named the QuickDASH. It contains eleven items and is similar with regard to scores and properties to the full DASH. A comparison of item-reduction approaches suggested that the retention of clinically sensible and important content produced a comparable, if not slightly better, instrument than did more statistically driven approaches.
Frontiers in Surface Scattering Simulations

Theorists have recently made substantial progress in simulating reactive molecule-metal surface scattering but still face major challenges. The grand challenge is to develop an approach that enables accurate predictive calculations of reactions involving electronically excited states with potential curve crossings. This challenge is all the more daunting because collisions involving molecules heavier than H2 may be accompanied by substantial energy exchange with the surface vibrations (phonons), and because an electronic structure approach that allows molecule-surface interaction energies to be computed with chemical accuracy (1 kilocalorie per mole) is not yet available even for the electronic ground state of molecule-metal surface systems.
Malaria in Britain: Past, present, and future

There has been much recent speculation that global warming may allow the reestablishment of malaria transmission in previously endemic areas such as Europe and the United States. In this report we analyze temporal trends in malaria in Britain between 1840 and 1910, to assess the potential for reemergence of the disease. Our results demonstrate that at least 20% of the drop-off in malaria was due to increasing cattle population and decreasing acreages of marsh wetlands. Although both rainfall and average temperature were associated with year-to-year variability in death rates, there was no evidence for any association with the long-term malaria trend. Model simulations for future scenarios in Britain suggest that the change in temperature projected to occur by 2050 is likely to cause a proportional increase in local malaria transmission of 8–14%. The current risk is negligible, as >52,000 imported cases since 1953 have not led to any secondary cases. The projected increase in proportional risk is clearly insufficient to lead to the reestablishment of endemicity.
Grb2‐SH3 ligand inhibits the growth of HER2+ cancer cells and has antitumor effects in human cancer xenografts alone and in combination with docetaxel

HER2 represents an important signaling pathway in breast and other cancers. Herceptin has demonstrated clinical activity, but resistance is common. Thus, new therapeutic approaches to the HER2 pathway are needed. Grb2 is an adaptor protein involved in Ras‐dependent signaling induced by HER2 receptors. A specific Grb2‐SH3 ligand, designed and synthesized in our laboratory, called peptidimer‐c, inhibited colony formation in HER2 overexpressing SKBr3 cancer cells. Combined treatment of peptidimer‐c with docetaxel further inhibited both colony formation and tumor cell survival compared to docetaxel treatment alone. Efficacy of this combined treatment was correlated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT. Finally, peptidimer‐c reduced the growth of a HER2+ human breast cancer (BK111) xenograft in nude mice and potentiated the antitumor effect of docetaxel in a HER2+ hormone‐independent human prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC120 HID28) xenograft. These results validate Grb2 as a new target for the HER2 pathway. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnose flat foot from foot print image based on neural network

Normally, there have been many methods to diagnosis of flat foot. Each method is different to use indicators e.g. Staheli arch index, Clark's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index. However, the results from such indicators are still varied in each method. Therefore, this paper proposes a classification of the flat foot by combining of multiple indicators with neural network process. It can improve an accuracy of classification more than the use of only one indicator. There are 132 images of footprints (left and right foot) consisting of normal foot or flat foot. The experimental results using a combination of indicators show that an accuracy of the result is up to 93% more than the single index i.e. Staheli arch index 43%, Clark's angle 68%, Chippaux-Smirak index 80%. It can make more precisely diagnose of flat foot.
OBSERVATIONS ON HEPATIC AND RENAL PEROXISOMES (MICROBODIES) IN THE DEVELOPING CHICK

Peroxisomes (microbodies) in developing liver and metanephric kidney of the chick were studied with a staining method that visualizes these organelles by light and electron microscopy. In both tissues nucleoid and anucleoid peroxisomes were evident at all stages studied (15th day of incubation to the adult). Hepatic peroxisomes showed no special topologic relationship to glycogen areas and were mainly confined to other areas of the cytoplasm. Nucleoid type peroxisomes were more apparent before and after hatching and rarely observed in the adult. Peroxisomes were present in kidney proximal tubule cells, but absent from cells of distal convoluted tubules. They appeared to increase in number during development and were most conspicuous in the adult. The structure of the nucleoid in renal peroxisomes resembled that of the hepatocyte but contained a more distinct series of parallel dense laminae. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) oxidative activity, although relatively weak, visualized nucleoid and anucleoid peroxisomes in liver and kidney at all stages of development. Anucleoid peroxisomes could be distinguished from various dense bodies in hepatocytes and from droplets in proximal convoluted tubule cells, both of which lacked DAB oxidative activity. The DAB reaction in peroxisomes was not suppressed in the absence of hydrogen peroxide or in the presence of the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole. DAB reaction, sensitive to potassium cyanide, was localized to cristae, but not to the outer membrane, of hepatic and renal mitochondria. Mitochondria of distal tubule cells showed a stronger reaction. The possible significance of nucleoid-bearing peroxisomes in the developing chick is discussed in terms of nitrogen metabolism, uric acid excretion and the presence of the uricolytic enzymes. The nature of the DAB reaction in peroxisomes and in mitochondria is considered.
Dnmt1 Expression in Pre- and Postimplantation Embryogenesis and the Maintenance of IAP Silencing

ABSTRACT The methylation of intracisternal A-type particle (IAP) sequences is maintained during mouse embryogenesis. Methylation suppresses IAP expression and the potential for mutagenesis by retrotransposition, but it is not clear how methylation of these elements is maintained during the embryonic stages when the bulk of the genome is being demethylated. It has been suggested that the high levels of DNA methyltransferase-1 (Dnmt1) present during cleavage could be important for keeping IAPs methylated. To test this hypothesis, we combined mutant alleles of Dnmt1 with an agouti allele (Aiapy ), which provided a coat color readout for the methylation status of the IAP insertion in the agouti locus. We found that reduction in Dnmt1 levels directly impacted methylation at this locus, leading to stable transcriptional activation of the agouti gene in the adult. Specifically, the short maternal Dnmt1 protein was important in maintaining methylation at the Aiapy locus in cleavage embryos, whereas the longer Dnmt1 isoform found in somatic cells was important in maintaining IAP methylation during the postimplantation stage. These results underscore the importance of maintaining proper maintenance of methylation patterns during gestation and suggest that interference with this process may stably affect gene expression patterns in the adult and may have profound phenotypic consequences.