Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common perinatal mental disorders in northern Viet Nam: community prevalence and health care use.

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of common perinatal mental disorders their determinants, and their association with preventive health care use among women in one rural and one urban province in northern Viet Nam. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of cohorts of pregnant women and mothers of infants recruited systematically in 10 randomly-selected communes. The women participated in psychiatrist-administered structured clinical interviews and separate structured interviews to assess sociodemographic factors, reproductive health, the intimate partner relationship, family violence and the use of preventive and psychiatric health care. Associations between these variables and perinatal mental disorders were explored through univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression. FINDINGS Among women eligible for the study (392), 364 (93%) were recruited. Of these, 29.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: 25.20-34.70) were diagnosed with a common perinatal mental disorder (CPMD). The frequency of such disorders during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was the same. Their prevalence was higher among women in rural provinces (odds ratio, OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.19-3.93); exposed to intimate partner violence (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.12-3.96); fearful of other family members (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.05-10.71) or exposed to coincidental life adversity (OR: 4.40; 95% CI: 2.44-7.93). Fewer women with a CPMD used iron supplements than women without a CPMD, but the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.05). None of the women studied had ever received mental health care. CONCLUSION Perinatal depression and anxiety are prevalent in women in northern Viet Nam. These conditions are predominantly determined by social factors, including rural residence, poverty and exposure to family violence. At present the needs of women with common perinatal mental disorders are unrecognized and not attended to and their participation in essential antenatal preventive care appears to be compromised.
Stimulation of Human and Rat Islet β-Cell Proliferation with Retention of Function by the Homeodomain Transcription Factor Nkx6.1

ABSTRACT The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.1 plays an important role in pancreatic islet β-cell development, but its effects on adult β-cell function, survival, and proliferation are not well understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment of primary rat pancreatic islets with a cytomegalovirus promoter-driven recombinant adenovirus containing the Nkx6.1 cDNA (AdCMV-Nkx6.1) causes dramatic increases in [methyl-3H] thymidine and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and in the number of cells per islet relative to islets treated with a control adenovirus (AdCMV-βGAL), whereas suppression of Nkx6.1 expression reduces thymidine incorporation. Immunocytochemical studies reveal that >80% of BrdU-positive cells in AdCMV-Nkx6.1-treated islets are β cells. Microarray, real-time PCR, and immunoblot analyses reveal that overexpression of Nkx6.1 in rat islets causes concerted upregulation of a cadre of cell cycle control genes, including those encoding cyclins A, B, and E, and several regulatory kinases. Cyclin E is upregulated earlier than the other cyclins, and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of cyclin E is shown to be sufficient to activate islet cell proliferation. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate direct interaction of Nkx6.1 with the cyclin A2 and B1 genes. Overexpression of Nkx6.1 in rat islets caused a clear enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), whereas overexpression of Nkx6.1 in human islets caused an increase in the level of [3H]thymidine incorporation that was twice the control level, along with complete retention of GSIS. We conclude that Nkx6.1 is among the very rare factors capable of stimulating β-cell replication with retention or enhancement of function, properties that may be exploitable for expansion of β-cell mass in treatment of both major forms of diabetes.
‘The vermin have struck again’: dehumanizing the enemy in post 9/11 media representations

Much of the scholarly attention surrounding the media’s treatment of the so-called ‘war on terror’ has focused on its uncritical replication of the Bush administration’s rhetorical framing of the conflict, in which the September 11 attacks were seen as acts of war initiating a retaliatory war on terror. While this dominant, martial framing is now being challenged, an equally significant framing remains largely unexamined, one as significant to media rhetoric and public perception as the war trope itself. This article identifies the consistent pattern of dehumanizing metaphor that dominates Western media’s coverage. It focuses on newspaper headlines as influentially compressed narratives replicating and recycling key metaphors that systematically figure the enemy as animal, vermin, or metastatic disease. These dehumanizing media representations, which have historically prefigured abuse, oppression, and even genocide, are being circulated as uncritically through newspaper media headlines as Bush’s war framing was initially and, we argue, now requires the same critical dismantling.
Towards Sociable Virtual Humans: Multimodal Recognition of Human Input and Behavior

We present an empirical usability experiment studying the relative strengths and weaknesses of three different occlusion management techniques for discovering and accessing objects in information-rich 3D virtual environments. More specifically, the study compares standard 3D navigation, generalized fisheye techniques using object scaling and transparency, and the BalloonProbe interactive 3D space distortion technique. Subjects are asked to complete a number of representative tasks, including counting, pattern recognition, and object relation, in different kinds of environments and on both immersive and desktop-based VR systems. The environments include a free-space abstract 3D environment and a virtual 3D walkthrough application for a simple building floor. Our results confirm the general guideline that each task calls for a specialized interaction—no single technique performed best across all tasks and worlds. The results also indicate a clear trade-off between speed and accuracy: simple navigation was the fastest but also most error-prone technique, whereas spherical BalloonProbe and transparency-based fisheye proved the most accurate but required longer completion time, making it suitable for applications where mistakes incur a high cost. In this paper, we try to remedy this problem by conducting a comparative study of some popular techniques for occlusion management in 3D environments. The aim of this study was primarily to identify situations where different techniques are most efficient in order to help designers make the best choice in terms of efficiency when building their virtual worlds. Subjects were asked to perform a number of representative tasks, including basic object counting, relating different types of objects, and recognizing world-sized patterns. We considered different types of worlds that fall into two main categories: abstract 3D spaces populated with 3D primitives, and architectural walkthrough-like environments. For each type of world, we varied the overall object density in order to detect possible points where techniques break down. In addition, we performed the study both in an immersive CAVE device as well as on a standard PC workstation.
Regulation of OSR1 and the sodium, potassium, two chloride cotransporter by convergent signals

Significance With no lysine [K] (WNK) protein kinases are sensitive to changes in osmotic stress. Through the downstream protein kinases oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) and STE20/SPS1-related proline-, alanine-rich kinase, WNKs regulate a family of ion cotransporters and thereby modulate a range of processes including cell volume homeostasis, blood pressure, hearing, and kidney function. We found that a major phosphoinositide 3-kinase target pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2, also phosphorylates OSR1, coordinating with WNK1 to enhance OSR1 and ion cotransporter function. The Ste20 family protein kinases oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) and the STE20/SPS1-related proline-, alanine-rich kinase directly regulate the solute carrier 12 family of cation-chloride cotransporters and thereby modulate a range of processes including cell volume homeostasis, blood pressure, hearing, and kidney function. OSR1 and STE20/SPS1-related proline-, alanine-rich kinase are activated by with no lysine [K] protein kinases that phosphorylate the essential activation loop regulatory site on these kinases. We found that inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) reduced OSR1 activation by osmotic stress. Inhibition of the PI3K target pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), by depletion of Sin1, one of its components, decreased activation of OSR1 by sorbitol and reduced activity of the OSR1 substrate, the sodium, potassium, two chloride cotransporter, in HeLa cells. OSR1 activity was also reduced with a pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR. mTORC2 phosphorylated OSR1 on S339 in vitro, and mutation of this residue eliminated OSR1 phosphorylation by mTORC2. Thus, we identify a previously unrecognized connection of the PI3K pathway through mTORC2 to a Ste20 protein kinase and ion homeostasis.
Novel mutations in ADAMTSL2 gene underlying geleophysic dysplasia in families from United Arab Emirates.

BACKGROUND Geleophysic dysplasia (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, stiff joints, thick skin, and cardiac valvular abnormalities that are often responsible for early death. Mutations in ADAMTSL2 and FBN1 genes have been shown to cause GD due to the dysregulation of transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways. Small numbers of mutations in ADAMTSL2 have been reported so far in patients with GD type 1 (GD1). METHODS In this study, we clinically evaluated two children from two consanguineous Arab families living in the United Arab Emirates with GD1. In addition we have sequenced all the coding exons of ADAMTSL2 gene using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The two patients exhibited most of the typical features of this rare bone dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the ADAMTSL2 gene revealed two novel homozygous missense mutations (c.938T>C, p.M313T and c.499G>A, p.D167N). The mutations segregated well in the studied families with the parents being heterozygous. In addition, bioinformatics analyses showed that these mutations are affecting conserved amino acids residues and thus strongly support their pathogenicity. CONCLUSION We describe the clinical phenotypes of two patients with GD1 that are caused by two novel homozygous missense mutations in the ADAMTSL2 gene.
Using Automated Database Reverse Engineering for Database Integration

— One important problem in today organizations is the existence of non-integrated information systems, inconsistency and lack of suitable correlations between legacy and modern systems. One main solution is to transfer the local databases into a global one. In this regards we need to extract the data structures from the legacy systems and integrate them with the new technology systems. In legacy systems, huge amounts of a data are stored in legacy databases. They require particular attention since they need more efforts to be normalized, reformatted and moved to the modern database environments. Designing the new integrated (global) database architecture and applying the reverse engineering requires data normalization. This paper proposes the use of database reverse engineering in order to integrate legacy and modern databases in organizations. The suggested approach consists of methods and techniques for generating data transformation rules needed for the data structure normalization.
What Happens After You Are Pwnd: Understanding the Use of Leaked Webmail Credentials in the Wild

Cybercriminals steal access credentials to webmail accounts and then misuse them for their own profit, release them publicly, or sell them on the underground market. Despite the importance of this problem, the research community still lacks a comprehensive understanding of what these stolen accounts are used for. In this paper, we aim to shed light on the modus operandi of miscreants accessing stolen Gmail accounts. We developed an infrastructure that is able to monitor the activity performed by users on Gmail accounts, and leaked credentials to 100 accounts under our control through various means, such as having information-stealing malware capture them, leaking them on public paste sites, and posting them on underground forums. We then monitored the activity recorded on these accounts over a period of 7 months. Our observations allowed us to devise a taxonomy of malicious activity performed on stolen Gmail accounts, to identify differences in the behavior of cybercriminals that get access to stolen accounts through different means, and to identify systematic attempts to evade the protection systems in place at Gmail and blend in with the legitimate user activity. This paper gives the research community a better understanding of a so far understudied, yet critical aspect of the cybercrime economy.
Discussion of ‘Misunderstandings about Q and “Cochran's Q Test” in meta‐analysis’

In his paper, Hoaglin [1] makes a major contribution to good statistical practice in meta-analysis in his dissection of the classical article of Cochran [2], which in part includes Cochran’s Q statistic. In applying a null chi-square distribution to Cochran’s Q, users have generally ignored the fact that both the variance estimates and weights are typically unknown and must be estimated, making them random variables as opposed to fixed quantities. Further, both may be correlated with each other and with the study-specific point estimates, which in turn may be biased, leading to other important reasons for the chi-square null approximation to fail. As Hoaglin notes, except under very narrow conditions (non-random weights and known variances of the contributing and unbiased point estimators), Cochran [2] did not ascribe a null chi-square distribution to his Q-statistic. Another important point made by Hoaglin, based on Borenstein et al. [3], is that Q (or any other heterogeneity test) should not be used to decide between fixed effects and random effects analysis. Yet heterogeneity is a very important consideration in meta-analysis. Because the Higgins–Thompson index I [4] is a function of Q, Hoaglin also notes that this index needs to be interpreted with great caution. Hoaglin presents alternative approaches to Cochran’s Q including an unweighted approach that Cochran [2] proposed. In this discussion paper, we shall obtain the asymptotic distribution for this statistic and another simpler unweighted measure of heterogeneity. Despite the better approximations in [1] for the distribution of Q, it might be better to look for alternatives to Q and I to describe heterogeneity. Note that the intended role of Q is similar to the role of the F-statistic in a repeated-measures two-way (one fixed effect and one random effect) analysis of variance. As such, it does not provide an estimate of a physical standard deviation or the precision of such an estimate. In the next two sections, two methods of defining heterogeneity in terms of betweenstudy standard deviations will be described. These provide both point estimates and confidence intervals. These two methods are not useful for testing for fixed effects, but as noted earlier, that diagnostic test should not be employed to decide between fixed and random effects analysis.
An Ancient Fingerprint Indicates the Common Ancestry of Rossmann-Fold Enzymes Utilizing Different Ribose-Based Cofactors

Nucleoside-based cofactors are presumed to have preceded proteins. The Rossmann fold is one of the most ancient and functionally diverse protein folds, and most Rossmann enzymes utilize nucleoside-based cofactors. We analyzed an omnipresent Rossmann ribose-binding interaction: a carboxylate side chain at the tip of the second β-strand (β2-Asp/Glu). We identified a canonical motif, defined by the β2-topology and unique geometry. The latter relates to the interaction being bidentate (both ribose hydroxyls interacting with the carboxylate oxygens), to the angle between the carboxylate and the ribose, and to the ribose’s ring configuration. We found that this canonical motif exhibits hallmarks of divergence rather than convergence. It is uniquely found in Rossmann enzymes that use different cofactors, primarily SAM (S-adenosyl methionine), NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). Ribose-carboxylate bidentate interactions in other folds are not only rare but also have a different topology and geometry. We further show that the canonical geometry is not dictated by a physical constraint—geometries found in noncanonical interactions have similar calculated bond energies. Overall, these data indicate the divergence of several major Rossmann-fold enzyme classes, with different cofactors and catalytic chemistries, from a common pre-LUCA (last universal common ancestor) ancestor that possessed the β2-Asp/Glu motif.
The influence of communication situation on self-report in people who stutter

Self-report measures are a valuable tool in clinical intervention for people who stutter but may be inadequate for accurately capturing situational variations in dysfluency, perceived dysfluency, attitude to the situation and the relationship between these. This exploratory study describes the development of a Speaking Task Response Questionnaire (STRQ) that enabled recording of affective and cognitive responses to speaking situations at the time at which they occurred. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the responses of participants who do (n = 7) and do not (n = 7) stutter across two telephone speaking tasks and a face-to-face speaking task. All participants rated their responses to the tasks using the STRQ. In addition, participants who stutter self-rated their fluency and percentage syllables stuttered in each of the situations was also measured. The STRQ was able to differentiate between groups of participants who do and do not stutter and between telephoning and face-to-face tasks, indicating that it has face validity. Participants who stutter rated their responses more negatively in the telephone situations than the face-to-face situation. Qualitatively, there was lack of congruence between objective and subjective fluency ratings. Clinical implications and future development of the STRQ are discussed.
Identification of Potential Mechanisms for Regulation of p115 RhoGEF through Analysis of Endogenous and Mutant Forms of the Exchange Factor*

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli including agonists that work through G protein-coupled receptors. A direct pathway for such regulation was elucidated by the identification of p115 RhoGEF, an exchange factor for RhoA that is activated through its RGS domain by Gα13. Endogenous p115 RhoGEF was found mainly in the cytosol of serum-starved cells but partially localized to membranes in cells stimulated with lysophosphatidic acid. Overexpressed p115 RhoGEF was equally distributed between membranes and cytosol; either the RGS or pleckstrin homology domain was sufficient for this partial targeting to membranes. Removal of the pleckstrin homology domain dramatically reduced the in vitro rate of p115 RhoGEF exchange activity. Deletion of amino acids 252–288 in the linker region between the RGS domain and the Dbl homology domain or of the last 150 C-terminal amino acids resulted in non-additive reduction of in vitro exchange activity. In contrast, p115 RhoGEF pieces lacking this extended C terminus were over 5-fold more active than the full-length exchange factor in vivo. These results suggest that p115 RhoGEF is inhibited in the cellular milieu through modification or interaction of inhibitory factors with its C terminus. Endogenous p115 RhoGEF that was immunoprecipitated from cells stimulated with lysophosphatidic acid or sphingosine 1-phosphate was more active than when the enzyme was immunoprecipitated from untreated cells. This indicates an additional and potentially novel long lived mechanism for regulation of p115 RhoGEF by G protein-coupled receptors.
Medium- and Long-Term Complications in Full-Arch Rehabilitations Supported by Upright and Tilted Implants.

PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to present the incidence of biological and technical complications in patients treated with implant-supported, immediately loaded full-arch restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data of all patients treated with full-arch, immediately loaded rehabilitations supported by a combination of upright and tilted implants were screened. Data on both technical and biological complications (such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) and their onset and frequency of occurrence were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The clinical records of 86 patients (95 prosthetic rehabilitations) were included in this study. There were 61 mandibular rehabilitations and 34 maxillary ones, all of them immediately loaded within 8 to 48 hours of the surgical intervention. The follow-up time varied from 16.3 to 112 months of function (mean 65.36 months). The most common biological complications were hygiene-related (n = 81; 30.2% of patients displayed peri-implant mucositis and 10.4% peri-implantitis). Among all prosthetic complications, the detachment of an element of the definitive prosthesis was the most frequent event (n = 20; 23.2% of patients). The total number of prosthetic complications was 42. Most complications were reversible and did not affect the overall implant/prosthesis survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence in well-maintained patients of technical and biological complications in full-arch rehabilitations supported by a combination of tilted and upright implants in the medium to long term is lower than previously reported by the pertinent literature. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.
Macroeconomics and Asset Markets: some Mutual Implications. ⁄

This paper sheds light on the mutual discipline, which asset market observations and macroeconomic observation impose on each other. Economic choices such as consumption and leisure, which are taken as exogenous in much of the asset pricing literature, and which may suggest certain preference specifications in order to explain asset price observations in turn may have undesirable macroeconomic consequences, once these economic choices are endogenized. We study a generic representative agent real business cycle economy, and show, how to analyze it in general, and explore the interconnections between asset market observations, macroeconomic observations and theoretical choices of key parameters. We give particular consideration to the nonseparability between consumption and leisure and investigate the scope of this nonseparability to help explain e.g. the equity premium observation. As an extension, we also study a two-agent economy, following the lead of Guvenen (2003), and found some undesirable implications of that model as well. We find that the major obstacle to overcome is the endogeneity of labor market movements. We therefore propose an exogenous law of motion for wages and find that simple models can then go remarkably far in jointly explaining the observed facts.