Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced FEC Algorithm of Video Transmission Control over the Internet

The video applications have their own characteristics, and some real time applications need high QoS. But the Internet is very complex and sometime the supplies can not be provided. Recently, many researches have been found that much traffic is self-similar over several time scales. The bandwidth of network is tempi present. We use KALMAN filter to filter the sending rate and to predict the rate while the ack-packets lost. In this paper, we propose a novel video transmission control algorithm, AFEC-Advanced FEC, which is integrated with FEC coding technology and KALMAN filter theory. The algorithm modifies the rate with the adapted KALMAN filter and the number of sending FEC packets is adapted by another mechanism. This algorithm can solve the collapse caused by the mass ACK packets and the rate fluctuation caused by the loss of the ACK packets. This algorithm also solves the problem of the elementary-layer-loss in transmission and keeps the continuity of the video transmission through the Internet. At last, we give the simulation results, which indicate the algorithm can provide good video services in loss-ratio-high channel.
Bedroom culture and the privatization of media use

LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website.
Fast Estimation of Approximate Matrix Ranks Using Spectral Densities

Abstract Many machine learning and data-related applications require the knowledge of approximate ranks of large data matrices at hand. This letter presents two computationally inexpensive techniques to estimate the approximate ranks of such matrices. These techniques exploit approximate spectral densities, popular in physics, which are probability density distributions that measure the likelihood of finding eigenvalues of the matrix at a given point on the real line. Integrating the spectral density over an interval gives the eigenvalue count of the matrix in that interval. Therefore, the rank can be approximated by integrating the spectral density over a carefully selected interval. Two different approaches are discussed to estimate the approximate rank, one based on Chebyshev polynomials and the other based on the Lanczos algorithm. In order to obtain the appropriate interval, it is necessary to locate a gap between the eigenvalues that correspond to noise and the relevant eigenvalues that contribute to the matrix rank. A method for locating this gap and selecting the interval of integration is proposed based on the plot of the spectral density. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of these techniques on matrices from typical applications.
Validating the Factor Structure of Ratings Assigned to Essays: A Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach.

The use of confirmatory factor analytic procedures to examine the dimensionality of writing skills as measured by a large-scale direct writing test was illustrated. Internal construct validity evidence about the nature of writing skills measured by the test was provided. Data uessd were scores assigned by about 100 trained professional raters on a state-wide competency-based test of writing skills. A total of 3,430 students responded to all four prompts of the writing tests. A sequential hypothesis testing strategy was followed for a one-factor model, a two-factor mode-specific model, and a two-factor occasion-specific model. These were compared to a null model specifying no common factors. Results from these analyses provided evidence about the usefulness of the construct-based hypotheses for explaining the variability in data from this test. A one-factor model provided a more plausible and parsimonious representation of the data than did the two-factor hypotheses. Evidence in support of a unidimensional interpretation of the scores suggests there may be little practical distinction between narrative and explanatory scores. A table displays goodness-of-fit statistics. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Performance of Random Access Scheduling Schemes in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

The performance of scheduling schemes in multi-hop wireless networks has attracted significant attention in the recent literature. It is well known that optimal scheduling solutions require centralized information and lead to impractical implementations due to their enormous complexity (high-degree polynomial or NP-hard, depending on the interference scenario). Further, multi-hop networks typically require distributed algorithms that operate on local information. Thus, in this paper, we develop a constant-time distributed random access algorithm for scheduling in multi-hop wireless networks. An important feature of this scheme is that it is guaranteed to achieve a fraction (efficiency factor) of the optimal performance. We show that this scheme theoretically achieves a superior efficiency factor as well as numerically achieves a significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art. Simulation results also confirm that the performance of this scheme is close to a greedy centralized scheme.
Nonoffending Caregiver and Youth Experiences With Child Sexual Abuse Investigations

Qualitative responses by caregivers (n = 203) and youth (aged 8 and older; n = 65) about their experiences with sexual abuse investigations were analyzed in conjunction with quantitative ratings of satisfaction. Respondents described mostly high levels of satisfaction, although dissatisfaction was reported with some key aspects of investigations. The features cited as worse than expected by caregivers were the investigators’ commitment to prosecuting the alleged offender and the absence of clear and regular communication about the status of the case. The features mentioned most often by caregivers as better than expected were the emotional support and interviewing skills of investigators. Youth focused both praise and criticism on investigators’ interviewing skills. There were relatively few complaints by either caregivers or youth about the duration of the investigation, medical exams, lack of services, or failures of interagency communication, areas of considerable reform in the past several decades. Implications for investigator training and reform initiatives are discussed.
Resveratrol inhibits migration and Rac1 activation in EGF- but not PDGF-activated vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract Scope: Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) reflects one of the initial steps in atherosclerosis. Resveratrol (RV) is suggested to mediate putative vasoprotective properties of red wine leading to the hypothesis that RV interferes with growth factor-induced migration of VSMC. Methods and results: We show here that RV (50 μM) strongly reduces epidermal growth factor (EGF)- but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC migration using the wound-healing technique. Accordingly, RV inhibited Rac1 activation and lamellipodia formation in response to EGF but not PDGF as shown by pull-down assays and fluorescence microscopy after actin staining with phalloidin-FITC, respectively. Since Src-family kinases and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) are reported to be crucial upstream mediators of Rac1 activation we examined the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the src kinase inhibitor SU6656 side-by-side with RV for their anti-migratory potential. Whereas src inhibition abrogated both EGF- and PDGF-triggered migration, wortmannin, like RV, was more effective in EGF- than PDGF-activated cells, suggesting that PI3K inhibition, previously shown for RV in growth factor-activated VSMC, contributes to the anti-migratory effect of RV in EGF-stimulated VSMC. Conclusion: This study is the first to discover an anti-migratory potential of RV in EGF-activated VSMC that is most likely mediated via Rac1 inhibition.
Effect of soaking and germination on nutrient and antinutrient contents of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)

Fenugreek seeds (raw, soaked and germinated) were analyzed for their chemical composition. Raw fenugreek seeds contained higher amount of dietary fiber 46.50% followed by 42.12% in soaked seeds and 32.50% in germinated seeds. Soaking reduced the level of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, dietary fiber and improved the protein and starch digestibility and availability of minerals. Germinated fenugreek seeds had significantly higher contents of total protein (29%) and total lysine (6.48 g/ 100 g protein) compared to unprocessed seeds. Germination decreased dietary fiber and starch thereby raising the level of sugars. In vitro starch and protein digestibility and availability of Ca, Fe and Zn were also increased appreciably due to reduction in antinutrient contents (phytic acid and polyphenols) after 48 h germination.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation : Magnetic Field Computation in empty free space

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for brain stimulation using magnetic field generated by an external coil. As other techniques like ECT or the implantation of electrodes into motor cortex, TMS has several applications in medical and clinical research. The main benefit of TMS is to be non invasive and painless. TMS use increases but stimulation process remains still empirical and practician has to perform several stimulations to find the best coil position/direction. We propose to develop a simulator of transcranial magnetic stimulation which aims at computing the electromagnetic field induced in the cortex by TMS. We present in this article the first step of this tool, a parametrical coil model allowing the computation of potential magnetic field outside the head and some way to represent it
Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) obtained in vitro from mice that are mast cell-deficient in vivo express the same panel of granule proteases as mBMMC and serosal mast cells from their normal littermates

The ear, skin, and purified serosal mast cells of WBB6F1/J-(+/+) (WB- (+/+)) and WCB6F1/J-(+/+) (WC-(+/+)) mice contain high steady-state levels of the transcripts that encode mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase A (mMC- CPA). In contrast, no mast cell protease transcripts are present in abundance in the ear and skin of WBB6F1/J-W/Wv (W/Wv) and WCB6F1/J- Sl/Sld (Sl/Sld) mice which are mast cell-deficient in vivo due to defects in their c-kit and c-kit ligand genes, respectively. We now report that the immature bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) obtained in vitro with recombinant interleukin 3 (rIL-3) or WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium from WB-(+/+), WC-(+/+), W/Wv, and Sl/Sld mice all contain high steady-state levels of the mMCP-2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mMC-CPA transcripts. As assessed immunohistochemically, mMCP-2 protein and mMCP-5 protein are also present in the granules of mBMMC from WB-(+/+), WC-(+/+), and W/Wv mice. That Sl/Sld and W/Wv mBMMC contain high steady-state levels of five granule protease transcripts expressed by the mature serosal, ear, and skin mast cells of their normal +/+ littermates suggests that c-kit-mediated signal transduction is not essential for inducing transcription of these protease genes. Because rIL-4 inhibits the rIL-10-induced expression of mMCP-1 and mMCP- 2 in BALB/cJ mBMMC, the ability of rIL-4 to influence protease mRNA levels in WC-(+/+) mBMMC and W/Wv mBMMC was investigated. Although rIL- 10 induced expression of the mMCP-1 transcript in WC-(+/+) and W/Wv mBMMC, rIL-4 was not able to suppress the steady-state levels of the mMCP-1 transcript or any other protease transcript in these cultured mast cells. Thus, not only do BALB/cJ mBMMC express fewer granule proteases than mBMMC from mast cell-deficient strains and their normal littermates but the subsequent induction of late-expressed proteases in BALB/cJ mBMMC is more tightly regulated by IL-3 and IL-4.
Can We Trust This User? Predicting Insider's Attitude via YouTube Usage Profiling

Addressing the insider threat is a major issue in cyber and corporate security in order to enhance trusted computing in critical infrastructures. In this paper we study the psychosocial perspective and the implications of insider threat prediction via social media, Open Source Intelligence and user generated content classification. Inductively, we propose a prediction method by evaluating the predisposition towards law enforcement and authorities, a personal psychosocial trait closely connected to the manifestation of malevolent insiders. We propose a methodology to detect users holding negative attitude towards authorities. For doing so, we facilitate a brief analysis of the medium (YouTube), machine learning techniques and a dictionary-based approach, in order to detect comments expressing negative attitude. Thus, we can draw conclusions over a user behavior and beliefs via the content the user generated within the limits a social medium. We also use an assumption free flat data representation technique in order to decide over the user's attitude and improve the scalability of our method. Furthermore, we compare the results of each method and highlight the common behavior and characteristics manifested by the users. As privacy violations may well-rise when using such methods, their use should be restricted only on exceptional cases, e.g. when appointing security officers or decision-making staff in critical infrastructures.
Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

In 1991, the AIDS Task Force of the American Academy of Neurology published nomenclature and research case definitions to guide the diagnosis of neurologic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. Now, 16 years later, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke have charged a working group to critically review the adequacy and utility of these definitional criteria and to identify aspects that require updating. This report represents a majority view, and unanimity was not reached on all points. It reviews our collective experience with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), particularly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, and their definitional criteria; discusses the impact of comorbidities; and suggests inclusion of the term asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment to categorize individuals with subclinical impairment. An algorithm is proposed to assist in standardized diagnostic classification of HAND. GLOSSARY: AAN = American Academy of Neurology; ADLs = activities of daily living; ANI = asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment; HAART = highly active antiretroviral treatment; HAD = HIV-associated dementia; HAND = HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HNRC = HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center; IADLs = instrumental ADLs; MCMD = minor cognitive motor disorder; MND = HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder; MSE = mental status examination.
Segmentation and visualization of left ventricle in MR cardiac images

The paper presents a segmentation algorithm to extract the endocardial and epicardial walls of the left ventricle in MR cardiac images. The algorithm is based on a generalized gradient vector flow (GGVF) snake and a prediction of initial contour (PIC). Especially, the proposed algorithm uses physical characteristics of endocardial and epicardial contours, cross profile correlation matching (CPCM), and a mixed interpolation model. The proposed method is applied to short axis MR cardiac image sets, which are obtained by Siemens, Medinus, and GE MRI systems. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract acceptable epicardial and endocardial walls. In addition, we calculate quantitative parameters from the segmented results, which are displayed graphically. The segmented left ventricle is visualized volumetrically by surface rendering. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the Windows environment using Visual C++.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming Types and Trace Effects of Higher Order Programs

This paper shows how type effect systems can be combined with model-checking techniques to produce powerful, automatically verifiable program logics for higher order programs. The properties verified are based on the ordered sequence of events that occur during program execution, so called event traces. Our type and effect systems infer conservative approximations of the event traces arising at run-time, and model-checking techniques are used to verify logical properties of these histories. Our language model is based on the λ-calculus. Technical results include a type inference algorithm for a polymorphic type effect system, and a method for applying known model-checking techniques to the trace effects inferred by the type inference algorithm, allowing static enforcement of history-and stack-based security mechanisms. A type safety result is proven for both unification and subtyping constraint versions of the type system, ensuring that statically well-typed programs do not contain trace event checks that can fail at run-time.
A Decrease in Spatially Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Determined Frontal Lobe Tissue Oxygenation by Phenylephrine Reflects Reduced Skin Blood Flow

BACKGROUND:Spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy-determined frontal lobe tissue oxygenation (ScO2) is reduced with administration of phenylephrine, while cerebral blood flow may remain unaffected. We hypothesized that extracranial vasoconstriction explains the effect of phenylephrine on ScO2. METHODS:We measured ScO2 and internal and external carotid as well as vertebral artery blood flow in 7 volunteers (25 [SD 4] years) by duplex ultrasonography during IV infusion of phenylephrine, together with middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity, forehead skin blood flow, and mean arterial blood pressure. RESULTS:During phenylephrine infusion, mean arterial blood pressure increased, while ScO2 decreased by −19% ± 3% (mean ± SE; P = 0.0005). External carotid artery (−27.5% ± 3.0%) and skin blood flow (−25.4% ± 7.8%) decreased in response to phenylephrine administration, and there was a relationship between ScO2 and forehead skin blood flow (Pearson r = 0.55, P = 0.042, 95% confidence interval [CI], = 0.025–0.84; Spearman r = 0.81, P < 0.001, 95% CI, 0.49–0.94) and external carotid artery conductance (Pearson r = 0.62, P = 0.019, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.86; Spearman r = 0.64, P = 0.012, 95% CI, 0.17–0.88). CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that a phenylephrine-induced decrease in ScO2, as determined by INVOS-4100 near-infrared spectroscopy, reflects vasoconstriction in the extracranial vasculature rather than a decrease in cerebral oxygenation.
InteGuard: Toward Automatic Protection of Third-Party Web Service Integrations

A web application today often utilizes web APIs to incorporate third-party services into its functionality. Such API integration, however, is full of security perils: recent studies show that popular web sites using high-profile web services, such as PayPal/Amazon checkouts and Facebook/Google singlesign-on (SSO) services, are riddled with logic flaws, enabling a malicious party to shop for free or log into a victim’s account. To address this new threat, techniques need to be developed to facilitate secure integration of third-party web services. To answer this urgent call, we present in this paper InteGuard, the first system that offers security protection to vulnerable web API integrations. InteGuard operates a proxy in front of the service integrator’s web site, performing security checks on a set of invariant relations among the HTTP messages the integrator receives during a transaction (e.g., a checkout from a web store or a web SSO). These invariants link multiple HTTP sessions to a transaction and capture their security-critical relations. They also characterize transactionrelated communication the proxy cannot directly observe, which happens between the client and the service provider. InteGuard includes a suite of novel techniques that automatically extract such invariants from a variety of communication channels adopted by diverse integrations and achieve effective false positive control in this process. Our evaluation shows that InteGuard can defeat complicated exploits on high-profile web services, with little impact on their normal operations.
Genetic Structure of Human Populations

We studied human population structure using genotypes at 377 autosomal microsatellite loci in 1056 individuals from 52 populations. Within-population differences among individuals account for 93 to 95% of genetic variation; differences among major groups constitute only 3 to 5%. Nevertheless, without using prior information about the origins of individuals, we identified six main genetic clusters, five of which correspond to major geographic regions, and subclusters that often correspond to individual populations. General agreement of genetic and predefined populations suggests that self-reported ancestry can facilitate assessments of epidemiological risks but does not obviate the need to use genetic information in genetic association studies.
Absence of Infliximab in Infants and Breast Milk From Nursing Mothers Receiving Therapy for Crohn's Disease Before and After Delivery

Goals The objective of this study was to determine whether infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, is transferred in utero or through breast milk from nursing Crohn's disease patients to their newborns. Background Crohn's disease most often occurs in women of childbearing age. Many of these women receive treatment for their disease, but are advised to terminate therapy while pregnant or nursing. Study Three patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease who had a history of infliximab use during and after pregnancy were followed prospectively. Patients received 5-mg/kg infliximab at regular intervals until approximately gestational week 30, and resumed infliximab treatment within 3 to 14 days after giving birth. Serum samples from patients and children and breast milk samples were collected postpartum. The concentration of infliximab in the serum and milk samples was measured using an enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay. Results The levels of infliximab detected in the mothers' serum samples postpartum were 74.27, 62.62, and 59.97 μg/mL, respectively. However, infliximab was undetectable (<0.10 μg/mL) in the sera of the newborn children. Likewise, infliximab was undetectable in the breast milk of the nursing mothers. Conclusions Infliximab was detected in the mothers' sera, but not in the breast milk of nursing mothers or in the sera of the breast-fed newborns. Data from this small series of patients suggest that infliximab was not transferred from mother to child, either in utero or through breast milk. These data suggest that mothers receiving infliximab should not be discouraged from nursing their children.