Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Force-Time Characteristics and Running Velocity of Male Sprinters during the Acceleration Phase of Sprinting

Abstract In an effort to investigate the force-time characteristics during the acceleration phase of the sprint start, eight male sprinters were used as subjects. Runs up to 3 m were analyzed from film, and force-time parameters were measured on a force platform. In a starting stance the reaction time of the group was . 118 ± . 016 s and the force production lasted . 342 ± . 022 s. The maximal resultant force at the moment of maximal horizontal force was 19.3 ± 2.2 N x kg1, and the direction of the force was 32 ± 7°. In the very last instant before leaving the blocks the velocity of the center of gravity was 3.46 ± . 32 m x s−1. In the first contact after leaving the blocks there was a braking phase (.022 ± .005 s in duration) during which the average horizontal force was −153 ± 67 N. The braking phase was observed despite the body center of gravity being horizontally ahead by . 13 ± . 05 m with respect to the first contact point. The percentage of deceleration in running velocity during that phase was 4.8 ± 2.
Fstress: A Flexible Network File Service Benchmark

Benchmarks provide repeatable workloads for testing and comparison. An ideal file service benchmark would be easy to use, be highly configurable to emulate arbitrary workloads, and scale to extreme load levels and data set sizes. This paper introduces Fstress, a synthetic, flexible, self-scaling file service benchmark. We identify and support twelve workload-description parameters, enabling a wide range of workloads to evaluate file service scalability, sizing, configuration, and other factors. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by using these parameters to express seven popular existing workloads that exercise different aspects of a file service. As workload patterns continue to evolve, it is straightforward to capture and emulate their essential characteristics.
Non-fragile multivariable PID controller design via system augmentation

ABSTRACT In this paper, the issue of designing non-fragile H∞ multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers with derivative filters is investigated. In order to obtain the controller gains, the original system is associated with an extended system such that the PID controller design can be formulated as a static output-feedback control problem. By taking the system augmentation approach, the conditions with slack matrices for solving the non-fragile H∞ multivariable PID controller gains are established. Based on the results, linear matrix inequality -based iterative algorithms are provided to compute the controller gains. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Assimilation of ozone measurements in the air quality model AURORA by using the Ensemble Kalman Filter

This paper presents the results of using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) for improving the ozone estimations of the air quality model AURORA. The EnKF is built around a stochastic formulation of the model, where some of its parameters are assumed to be uncertain. These uncertainties turn out to be the main reason behind the differences between the model predictions and the real measurements. The filter estimates these parameters as well as the ozone concentration field by using ground-based measurements from the Airbase database. The assimilation experiments are carried out over a region that consists of Belgium, Luxembourg, and some small parts of Germany, France and the Netherlands. The simulations results show that the EnKF significantly reduces the error of the ozone estimations.
Bedtime Talk of Three-Year-Olds: Collaborative Repair of Miscommunication

Recordings of spontaneous bedtime conversations in which adult involvement is minimal were conducted during naptime at kibbutz children's houses. Participants were nine Hebrew-speaking children aged 2;8-3;6, who constituted three conversation groups. The study was designed to observe conversational processes in spontaneous interactions of young peers and it focused on their strategies of clarification in the face of miscommunication. Results show that all children participated in clarification sequences, although children younger than age three initiated significantly fewer clarifications. Children used various types of clarification requests, and 70% of their repair responses were appropriate. These findings suggest that young children are able to handle miscommunications and to succeed in conversational management without adult assistance.
The Addict in Us all

In this paper, we contend that the psychology of addiction is similar to the psychology of ordinary, non-addictive temptation in important respects, and explore the ways in which these parallels can illuminate both addiction and ordinary action. The incentive salience account of addiction proposed by Robinson and Berridge (1–3) entails that addictive desires are not in their nature different from many of the desires had by non-addicts; what is different is rather the way that addictive desires are acquired, which in turn affects their strength. We examine these “incentive salience” desires, both in addicts and non-addicts, contrasting them with more cognitive desires. On this account, the self-control challenge faced by addicted agents is not different in kind from that faced by non-addicted agents – though the two may, of course, differ greatly in degree of difficulty. We explore a general model of self-control for both the addict and the non-addict, stressing that self-control may be employed at three different stages, and examining the ways in which it might be strengthened. This helps elucidate a general model of intentional action.
An Autonomous Reactive Architecture for Efficient AUV Mission Time Management in Realistic Sever Ocean Environment

Today AUVs operation still remains restricted to very particular tasks with low real autonomy due to battery restrictions. Efficient motion planning and mission scheduling are principle requirement toward advance autonomy and facilitate the vehicle to handle long-range operations. A single vehicle cannot carry out all tasks in a large scale terrain; hence, it needs a certain degree of autonomy in performing robust decision making and awareness of the mission/environment to trade-off between tasks to be completed, managing the available time, and ensuring safe deployment at all stages of the mission. In this respect, this research introduces a modular control architecture including higher/lower level planners, in which the higher level module is responsible for increasing mission productivity by assigning prioritized tasks while guiding the vehicle toward its final destination in a terrain covered by several waypoints; and the lower level is responsible for vehicle's safe deployment in a smaller scale encountering time-varying ocean current and different uncertain static/moving obstacles similar to actual ocean environment. Synchronization between higher and lower level modules is efficiently configured to manage the mission time and to guarantee on-time termination of the mission. The performance and accuracy of two higher and lower level modules are tested and validated using ant colony and firefly optimization algorithm, respectively. After all, the overall performance of the architecture is investigated in 10 different mission scenarios. The analyze of the captured results from different simulated missions confirm the efficiency and inherent robustness of the introduced architecture in efficient time management, safe deployment, and providing beneficial operation by proper prioritizing the tasks in accordance with mission time.
Recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone in 2008: focus on thyroid cancer management

Radioiodine (RAI) ablation following thyroidectomy is standard of care treatment for patients with intermediate or high risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Traditionally, this has been achieved by forgoing thyroid hormone replacement postoperatively, allowing endogenous thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels to rise. This rise in TSH provides the stimulus for RAI uptake by the thyroid remnant, but is associated with clinical hypothyroidism and its associated morbidities. Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH, thyrotropin alfa [Thyrogen®], Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA) was developed to provide TSH stimulation without withdrawal of thyroid hormone and clinical hypothyroidism. Phase III studies reported equivalent detection of recurrent or residual disease when rhTSH was used compared with thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW). These trials led to its approval as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without RAI imaging in the surveillance of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Recently, rhTSH was given an indication for adjunctive preparation for thyroid remnant ablation after phase III studies demonstrated comparable outcomes for rhTSH preparation when compared with THW. Importantly, rhTSH stimulation has been found to be safe, well tolerated, and to result in improved quality of life. Here, we review the efficacy and tolerability studies leading to the approval for the use of rhTSH in well-differentiated thyroid cancer management.
Does a Zone of Increased Perfusion Exist around Negative-Pressure Dressings?

Background: Although recent work has demonstrated that perfusion adjacent to a negative-pressure wound therapy dressing is decreased, laser Doppler studies have indicated that there is a zone of increased perfusion a couple of centimeters away. The existence of such a zone of increased perfusion is counterintuitive to the fact that negative-pressure wound therapy has been shown to increase tissue pressure. This study, using an alternative to laser Doppler, evaluated whether such a zone exists. Methods: Six volunteers were randomized into three groups to test different suction pressures (−75, −125, and −400 mmHg). Each volunteer would have two dressings applied on either side of the lower back. A thermal imaging camera was used to assess perfusion around the dressing during different phases (e.g., “Suction on” and “Suction off”). The mean area under the curve for each phase was compared with those of other phases by means of one-way analysis of variance. Each condition (phase) was compared in a systematic manner with every other by means of Fisher’s least significant difference for post hoc comparisons. A Pearson’s correlation was determined to test the effects of the different suction pressure groups. Results: No significant difference could be demonstrated for the area under the curve for the different phases. There was no significant correlation between the three suction pressures tested and the difference between the mean area under the curve for “Dressing on, no suction” and the two “Suction on” periods (Pearson correlation = 0.24; p > 0.4). Conclusions: Thermographic evaluation of tissue around a negative-pressure dressing did not demonstrate a zone of increased perfusion, contrary to other studies, which used laser Doppler. This is in keeping with recent work demonstrating that negative-pressure wound therapy increases tissue pressure while the dressing is applying suction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
Seesoft-A Tool For Visualizing Line Oriented Software Statistics

The Seesoft software visualization system allows one to analyze up to 50000 lines of code simultaneously by mapping each line of code into a thin row. The color of each row indicates a statistic of interest, e.g., red rows are those most recently changed, and blue are those least recently changed. Seesoft displays data derived from a variety of sources, such as version control systems that track the age, programmer, and purpose of the code (e.g., control ISDN lamps, fix bug in call forwarding); static analyses, (e.g., locations where functions are called); and dynamic analyses (e.g., profiling). By means of direct manipulation and high interaction graphics, the user can manipulate this reduced representation of the code in order to find interesting patterns. Further insight is obtained by using additional windows to display the actual code. Potential applications for Seesoft include discovery, project management, code tuning, and analysis of development methodologies. >
3-D imaging of sea ice using ground-based tomographic SAR data and comparison of the measurements with TerraSAR-X data

In this paper we present experimental results relative to the vertical structure of snow covered sea ice, sensed with X-band microwaves in a tomographic configuration. The available data are from a Ground-Based SAR campaign carried out by a team from the IETR, University of Rennes 1 in March 2013, over Kattfjord, Tromso, Norway, in collaboration with members of the EO lab at University of Tromso. Direct imaging of the vertical structures of the snow and sea ice layers is achieved by focusing the signal from a 2D synthetic array in the 3D space. The effect of propagation velocity in the focusing process is investigated and the tomograms are effectively corrected for this effect. The vertical structure of the medium reveals a strong response from sea ice. The effect of Brewster angle on the appearance of the tomograms is also investigated. Tomograms at two different polarizations are investigated and compared with dual-pol TerraSAR-X measurements.
A Finite Dimensional Analog of the Krein Formula

Abstract I offer a simple and useful formula for the resolvent of a small rank perturbation of large matrices. I discuss applications of this formula, in particular, to analytical and numerical solving of difference boundary value problems. I present examples connected with such problems for the difference Laplacian and estimate numerical efficiency of the corresponding algorithms.
Deposition of combustion aerosols in the human respiratory tract: Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data considering nonspherical shape

Total deposition of petrol and diesel combustion aerosols and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particles in the human respiratory tract for nasal breathing conditions was computed for 14 nonsmoking volunteers, considering the specific pulmonary function parameters of each volunteer and the specific size distribution for each inhalation experiment. Theoretical predictions were 34.6% for petrol smoke, 24.0% for diesel smoke, and 18.5% for ETS particles. Compared to the experimental results, predicted deposition values were consistently smaller than the measured data (41.4% for petrol smoke, 29.6% for diesel smoke, and 36.2% for ETS particles). The apparent discrepancy between experimental data on total deposition and modeling results may be reconciled by considering the nonspherical shape of the test aerosols by diameter-dependent dynamic shape factors to account for differences between mobility-equivalent and volume-equivalent or thermodynamic diameters. While the application of dynamic shape factors is able to explain the observed differences for petrol and diesel combustion particles, additional mechanisms may be required for ETS particle deposition, such as the size reduction upon inspiration by evaporation of volatile compounds and/or condensation-induced restructuring, and, possibly, electrical charge effects.
Community detection in social network: Literature review and research perspectives

Social network community detection has occupied an important place in many scientific fields like biology, sociology, or computer science. This problem still attracted a lot of work. The challenge is how to identify inside these networks, groups of persons strongly linked and sharing the same preferences. As in the literature, there are many works trying to detect communities we tried in this paper to do a review of the most important ones and we tried to present some tips for improvement of obtained results.
Design and Implementation of Binary Tree Based Proactive Routing Protocols for Large MANETS

The Mobile Ad hoc Network MANET is a collection of connected mobile nodes without any centralized administration. Proactive routing approach is one of those categories of proposed routing protocol which is not suitable for larger network due to their high overhead to maintain routing table for each and every node. The novelty of this approach is to form a binary tree structure of several independent sub-networks by decomposing a large network to sub-networks. Each sub-network is monitored by an agent node which is selected by several broadcasted regulations. Agent node maintains two routing information; one for local routing within the sub-network and another for routing through all other agent node. In routing mechanism first source node checks for destination within sub-network then source sends destination address to respective parent agent node if destination is not available in local routing, this process follows up to the destination node using agent mode. This approach allowed any proactive routing protocol with scalability for every routing mechanism. The proposed approach is thoroughly analyzed and its justification for the connectivity through sub-networks, routing between each source to destination pair, scalability, etc., are given, which show expected performance.
Members' Participation in the Union: An Investigation of Some Determinants in Singapore

Data obtained from unionized employees in Singapore (N = 205) were used to investigate Strauss' (1977) suggestion that union participation studies be fitted into the general theories of role and commitment. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the contribution of role commitment variables (family and union) net of demographic, job or work and union-related variables to the explained variance in a unidimensional model of union participation. The model accounted for 43% (R2) of the explained variance in participation with the role commitment antecedent set contributing a modest 5% (ΔR2). The significant positive individual variables were union satisfaction, union commitment, union tenure, and gender while union socialization and marital status positively, and family commitment negatively approached significance. Extrinsic satisfaction was significantly negatively related to participation. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and the implications of the findings are discussed.
A Task Decomposition Framework for Surveying the Crowd Contextual Insights

Polls, as the most common method of eliciting crowd insights are getting more and more popular. From predicting election results, to customer satisfaction, to scientific surveys, polls play a crucial rule in revealing the true sentiment of a community. However, when participation in a poll is subject to having some specific expertise and skills, finding sufficient number of participants for a given poll is a serious challenge. In this paper, we propose a new method of polling crowd contextual insight which is based on decomposing a poll into some sub-polls and recruiting participants to answer the given questions. We also take into account the probability of engagement of a participant in a poll to make sure that we recruit sufficient number of suitable workers. The proposed method is implemented and tested using the simulated data, build based on a public data dump from Stack overflow. The evaluation results show the superiority of our proposed method over the other related work.
Effect of the Interindividual Variability on Computational Modeling of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low intensity, direct current to cortical areas facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This paper investigates how normal variations in anatomy may affect the current flow through the brain. This was done by applying electromagnetic computational methods to human models of different age and gender and by comparing the electric field and current density amplitude distributions within the tissues. Results of this study showed that the general trend of the spatial distributions of the field amplitude shares some gross characteristics among the different human models for the same electrode montages. However, the physical dimension of the subject and his/her morphological and anatomical characteristics somehow influence the detailed field distributions such as the field values.
Gender Differences in Motivational Orientations Toward Achievement in School Science: A Quantitative Synthesis

In a comprehensive review of the literature containing comparisons between boys and girls on some measure of motivation in science and/or some measure of achievement in science, findings were transformed into a common metric—an effect size—and analyzed meta-analytically. Drawn from articles and reports, large-scale national and international studies, and standardized testing procedures, the data base provided a total of 207 effect sizes for motivation and 406 effect sizes for achievement in science. It was found that sex differences in both motivation and achievement are smaller than is generally assumed, but they do occur, and, with few exceptions, they tend to favor males. The literature sources contained information on 25 variables suspected of impinging on motivation in science. These were analyzed in depth and related to the direction and magnitude of sex differences in motivational orientation.
A comparison of medical students' perceptions of three experiential methods

Purpose – This study aims to compare Finnish medical students' perceptions of the suitability of three experiential methods in learning interpersonal communication competence (ICC). The three methods it seeks to explore are: theatre in education; simulated patient interview with amateur actors; and role‐play with peers. The methods were introduced in a pilot course of speech communication.Design/methodology/approach – Students (n=132) were randomly assigned to three groups. The data were collected via questionnaire and focus group interviews, and analysed using qualitative content analysis and cross‐case analysis.Findings – Most of the medical students thought these methods were suitable or very suitable for learning ICC. The methods had five similar elements: the doctor's role, the patient's role, reflective participation, emotional reactions and teachers' actions. Being in a doctor's role, realistic scripts and patient‐roles, observing the interaction and reflection in small groups were the most helpful.
Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents and Related Works: A Reappraisal

Freud's 1930 Civilization and Its Discontents (Das Unbehagen in der Kultur, here abbreviated as Civilization) is a central essay in a series of contributions to historical and philosophical sociology vs. his earlier focus on individual psychoanalytic psychology, a trajectory begun with Totem and Taboo (1912–1913), to Thoughts for the Times on War and Death (1915), Group Psychology and Analysis of the Ego (1921), Future of an Illusion (1927), New Introductory Lectures (1933a), Why War? (1933b), and culminating with Moses and Monotheism (1939), the last work published during his lifetime.