Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An interactive approach for deriving geometric network models in 3D indoor environments

Humans spend most of their life in indoor spaces. As indoor spaces are becoming increasingly complex, there are compelling needs for efficient indoor GIS and navigation systems. For indoor navigations, numerous geometric network models have been proposed as navigable spatial models for 3D indoor environments in the past decade. Most of the existing discussions, however, tend to focus on conceptual representations of geometric networks; not enough attention has been given on the generation processes of navigable networks for 3D indoor environments. It is actually nontrivial, considering accurate and complete floor plans, the conventional data sources for building indoor geometric networks, are oftentimes not available for various reasons (e.g., copyright, public safety concerns). With the continue advances of 3D imaging and scanning technologies, 3D data models with fine geometric structures and high quality textures are increasingly available for indoor spaces, thus provide a novel data source for building indoor geometric networks. In this paper, an interactive approach is presented to derive 3D, navigable, geometric network models from these 3D data models. Specifically, this approach includes three steps: decomposing 3D building models in terms of floors, interactively creating geometric network elements (e.g., nodes and edges) and then automatically generating geometric network models. The presented approach is implemented and its advantages are demonstrated with a real world 3D building data.
Incremental Derivations in CCG

This paper presents a research note on the degree to which strictly incremental derivations (that is derivations which are fully connected at each point in time) are possible in Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG). There has been a recent surge of interest in incremental parsing both from the psycholinguistic community in a bid to build psycholinguistically plausible models of language comprehension, and from the NLP community for building systems that process language greedily in order to achieve shorter response times in spoken dialogue systems, for speech recognition and machine translation. CCG allows for a variety of different derivations, including derivations that are almost fully incremental. This paper explores the syntactic constructions for which full incrementality is not possible in standard CCG, a point that recent work on incremental CCG parsing has glossed over.
Coding of incremental changes in skin temperature by single warm fibers in the monkey.

1. Experiments were designed to answer the question: how well does a single warm fiber innervating the glabrous skin of the monkey's hand resolve incremental changes in the intensity of near-rectangular warming pulses applied to the fiber's receptive field? 2. In these experiments the measure of the warm fiber's capacity to resolve incremental changes in the intensity of successive warming pulses was termed the discriminable stimulus increment (DSI). The DSI is defined as that incremental difference in the intensity of a pair of warming pulses that could be resolved correctly, with a probability of 0.75, by comparing the fiber's responses to these two stimuli. In the specified conditions of the experiment, DSI = 0.67 sigma delta tau/(dR/dI) where sigma delta tau is the standard deviation of the difference in responses of the fiber to pairs of stimuli, and dr/dI is the fiber's sensitivity to incremental stimulus change. (dr/dI) was experimentally determined as the mean rate of change of the fiber's responses to incremental changes in the intensity of the warming pulse. 3. The DSI, as defined above, assumes that the basis for differentiating the stimuli in each pair was that the larger response in the fiber was in each instance generated by the more intense stimulus. A more general form of the DSI was also developed and used to examine the effects on intensity resolution of different discrimination rules that the brain might use. 4. In the experimental analysis the response measure of each warm fiber was the cumulative impulse count over successively longer segments of the stimulus period. With short integration intervals the DSI was high (i.e., intensity resolution was poor), but typically the DSI fell to a plateau level within 2.0--2.5 s of the onset of the warming stimulus. 5. The DSI was measured on 23 warm fibers in Macaca nemestrina for warming pulses with intensities of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 degrees C, at T-base levels of 29, 34 (near normal temperature of palmar skin), and 39 degrees C. For most observations the intensity resolution possible from the responses of single warm fibers, measured over this wide variety of stimulus conditions, was less than is achieved by the human observer trained to differentiate comparable warming pulses applied to the skin of the thenar eminence.
Dense Wide-Baseline Scene Flow from Two Handheld Video Cameras

We propose a new technique for computing dense scene flow from two handheld videos with wide camera baselines and different photometric properties due to different sensors or camera settings like exposure and white balance. Our technique innovates in two ways over existing methods: (1) it supports independently moving cameras, and (2) it computes dense scene flow for wide-baseline scenarios. We achieve this by combining state-of-the-art wide-baseline correspondence finding with a variational scene flow formulation. First, we compute dense, wide-baseline correspondences using DAISY descriptors for matching between cameras and over time. We then detect and replace occluded pixels in the correspondence fields using a novel edge-preserving Laplacian correspondence completion technique. We finally refine the computed correspondence fields in a variational scene flow formulation. We show dense scene flow results computed from challenging datasets with independently moving, handheld cameras of varying camera settings.
Secure Undeniable Threshold Proxy Signature Scheme

the threshold proxy signature scheme allows the original signer to delegate a signature authority to the proxy group to cooperatively sign message on behalf of an original signer. In this paper, we propose a new scheme which includes the features and benefits of the RSA scheme. Also, we will evaluate the security of undeniable threshold proxy signature scheme with known signers. We find that the existing threshold proxy scheme is insecure against the original signer forgery. In this paper, we show the cryptanalysis of an existed scheme. Additional, we propose the secure, undeniable and known signers threshold proxy signature scheme which answers the drawback of an existed scheme. We also demonstrate that a threshold proxy signature suffers from a conspiracy of an original signer and a secret share dealer, that the scheme is commonly forgeable, and cannot offer undeniable. We claim that the proposed scheme offers the undeniable characteristic.
Communication on vehicle management unit in the electric vehicle

Vehicle management unit is the maincenter of electric vehicle, the key to realizing the response characteristic of electric vehicle and exchange medium between man and vehicle. It's expound that the status and function of vehicle management unit in a whole vehicle. A communication is utilized between the battery management unit, the power management unit and the assistant system of vehicle surrounding vehicle management unit. This paper describes a communication method based on the characteristic of vehicle management unit. Firstly, the communication content of the vehicle management unit is analyzed and a novel 485 series communication is put forward. According to the ASCII mode communication protocol adopted, the communication content is established.
What Potential Might Narrative Therapy Have to Assist Indigenous Australians Reduce Substance Misuse

Substance misuse is associated with adverse consequences for many Australians including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Extensive research has been conducted into various intervention, treatment and prevention programs to ascertain their potential in reducing substance misuse within Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. I explore the potential of Narrative Therapy as a counselling intervention for assisting Indigenous Australians reduce the harm associated with substance misuse.
Smart error estimating coding: Using symbol error structure in wireless networks

Error estimating coding has attracted significant attention recently. It enables a receiver to estimate bit error rate (BER) of a partially correct packet. Our study in this paper shows that based on the popular M-QAM modulation schemes, symbol errors have a well-defined structure, which is ultimately translated into a strong correlation in the BER of bits that constitute a symbol. We leverage this correlation to design smart error estimating coding (Smart-EEC). Smart-EEC can be used to boost the estimating accuracy of error estimating codes, e.g., EEC. Through extensive evaluation, we demonstrate that Smart-EEC helps EEC achieve a much better tradeoff between the space redundancy and estimating accuracy.
The relationships between gender, students' achievement and dropping out in rural Vietnam

The theme of the thesis relates to the relationships between gender, students' achievement and dropping out in lower secondary schools in rural Vietnam. More specifically, the thesis investigates the extent to which gender influences students' achievement and dropping out as well as the extent to which dropping out influences students' achievement and the possibility of students' achievement in predicting dropping out. The field work was conducted in two lower secondary schools: Hong Chau and Tho Tang which are located in two communes, each at different socio-economic levels of development. Hong Chau is a predominantly agricultural commune whereas Tho Tang is richer and combines agriculture and trading. The scores in two subjects - maths and Vietnamese language - of the randomly-selected sample of students from each school were analysed with the aid of SPSS. Frequency tables, box plots, charts and graphs were used to describe and illustrate the relationships between gender, students' achievement and dropping out. Analysis of variances (ANOVA), chi-square and logistic regression were employed to test the significance of statistics. In-depth interviews and group discussions were also adopted to complement the quantitative analysis. Gender is found to have an impact on students' achievement in Vietnamese language in both schools as the mean scores of female students is significantly higher than that of their male counterparts. Dropping out is influenced significantly by gender in both schools; female students are more likely to drop out than male students. The relationship between dropping out and achievement appears to be different in Hong Chau and Tho Tang. The differences in the scores of both subjects - maths and Vietnamese language - of continuing and dropout students in Hong Chau are not statistically significant while those in Tho Tang are statistically significant. However, in Tho Tang students' achievement in maths can predict dropping out but not Vietnamese language: In Hong Chau achievement cannot predict dropping out either in maths or Vietnamese language. It is revealed from the qualitative analysis that social mobility, the need for learning and economic levels have an impact on the relationship between achievement and dropping out.
Permasalahan Pelajar-pelajar Fakir Miskin di Daerah Sabak Bernam

ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah satu tinjauan yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pelajar-pelajar dari golongan fakir miskin di negeri Selangor, khususnya di daerah Sabak Bernam. Seramai 42 orang pelajar Tingkatan 5 telah dipilih dalam kajian ini. Pelajar-pelajar ini terdiri daripada 19 pelajar yang tinggal di tiga buah Desa Kasih Pusat Zakat Selangor dan 23 orang pelajar yang tinggal di luar Desa Kasih. Kajian ini menggunakan temubual berfokus untuk mendapatkan data-data daripada responden kajian. Data-data temubual tersebut telah dianalisa secara kualitatif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pelajar-peljar fakir miskin dalam kajian ini mempamerkan aspirasi yang sihat, serta nilai yang positif walaupun mereka menghadapi masalah kewangan. Aspek yang ketara menjadi penghalang kepada aspirasi pelajarpelajar miskin ini adalah caragaya hidup mereka seperti menonton televisyen secara berlebihan, berbual kosong, peruntukan masa yang sangat sedikit bagi mengulangkaji, menyiapkan kerja rumah, ataupun membaca bacaan berunsur akademik, kerohanian, dan pengetahuan am.
A Requirements Elicitation Approach Based in Templates and Patterns

One of the main problems of requirements elicitation is expressing customer requirements in a form that can be understood not only by requirements engineers but also by noncomputer professional customers and users. The usual choice for expressing elicited requirements is natural language, since it is frequently the only common language to all participants. Problems of natural language are well–known, but using more formal notations too early is a risky choice that can make requirements impossible to understand for customers and users. Moreover, requirements engineers do not usually have good writing skills, and sometimes semantically correct requirements, expressed in natural language, are not understood because of the way they are written. In this paper, we present requirements templates that can improve requirements elicitation and expression, and two kinds of patterns: linguistic patterns , which are very used sentences in natural language requirements descriptions that can be parameterized and integrated into templates, and requirements patterns , which are generic requirements templates that are found very often during the requirements elicitation process and that can be reused with some adaptation.
OFF response transformations in the whisker/barrel system.

1. Previous studies have demonstrated marked differences in the relative sizes of ON and OFF responses of neurons in the whisker/barrel system. In particular, OFF responses are unexpectedly large in thalamic neurons. Extracellular unit recordings were used to examine whether varying the time between stimulus onset and offset differently affects OFF responses of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, ventrobasal thalamus, and somatosensory cortical layer IV. Controlled whisker stimuli were used to deflect individual vibrissal hairs in different directions. We hypothesized that, in part because of the gradual waning of central inhibition evoked by stimulus onset, OFF responses of thalamic and cortical neurons but not trigeminal ganglion cells would increase in size with longer duration stimuli, with relative changes being greatest in the cortex. 2. OFF response magnitudes for thalamic and cortical neuronal populations increased as the stimulus duration was increased from 200 to 1,400 ms. Increases were greater at nonoptimal deflection angles. Similarly, individual cells having smaller OFF responses for the short-duration stimulus tended to display proportionately greater increases when the stimulus was lengthened. OFF responses of trigeminal ganglion cells were largely unaffected by stimulus duration. 3. Barrel neurons were subclassified as regular-spike units (RSUs) or fast-spike units (FSUs) on the basis of the time course of their action potentials. ON and OFF responses were smaller in the former and, when the stimulus was lengthened, percentage increases in their OFF responses were greater than those in FSUs. Results illustrate nonlinear transformations of the thalamic input signal by RSUs, which are presumed to be excitatory barrel neurons, and extend previous findings of response similarities between thalamocortical units (TCUs) and FSUs, the latter of which are thought to be inhibitory. 4. The time course of OFF response suppression in cortical neurons suggests that stimulus onset evokes central inhibition having two components, a potent one lasting several tens of milliseconds and a weaker one lasting many hundreds of milliseconds. Background activity levels in cortex and thalamus were diminished for > or = 1,800 ms after whisker movement. 5. For TCUs, 200-ms stimuli were less likely than 1,400-ms stimuli to elicit an OFF response, but when responses occurred they consisted of a greater number of spikes timed closer together. By contrast, the 200-ms stimulus OFF responses of the RSUs and FSUs displayed longer interspike intervals than did their 1400-ms responses, with no change in the number of spikes per response. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Does the Past Have Useful Economics

It is not mere convention that impels me to thank the many colleagues who have commented on earlier drafts of this essay. I have received from them in writing the equivalent of over 100 typed pages, and many hours of conversation as well. This itself measures the vigor of historical economics, one theme here, but their contribution to the product is immeasurable. I would like to thank, therefore, the seminars in economic history at Chicago and at Northwestern; and R. Cameron, M. Edelstein, S. L. Engerman, R. W. Fogel, R. Gallman, H. Gemery, C. D. Goldin, G. Gunderson, G. Hawke, R. Higgs, G. Hueckel, J. R. T. Hughes, H. G.Johnson, E. L.Jones, A. Kahan, C. P. Kindleberger, A. Leijonhufvud, P. Lindert, P. McClelland, At. Mclnnis, J. Mokyr, L. D. Neal, A. Olmstead, D. Perkins, J. D. Reid, N. Rosenberg, W. W. Rostow, A.J. Schwartz, B. Solow, G. Walton, D. Whitehead, andj. G. Williamson. And I would like to apologize to George Stigler for inverting for my own purposes the title of his fine essay, “Does Economics Have a Useful Past? ” {107, 1969}, and for ignoring the useful lemma illustrated there (p. 226): “there are not ten good reasons for anything. ” The answer, of course, is “yes,” and at one time the very question would have seemed impertinent. Smith, Marx, Mill, Marshall, Keynes, Heckscher, Schumpeter, and Viner, to name a few, were nourished by historical study and nourished it in turn.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Packaging Protein UL17 Is a Virion Protein That Is Present in Both the Capsid and the Tegument Compartments

ABSTRACT The UL17 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 is essential for packaging the viral genome into the procapsid, a spherical assembly intermediate, and is present in the mature virus particle. We have examined the distribution of UL17 in various assembly products and virions to determine which component of the virus particle UL17 is associated with and at what stage in capsid assembly UL17 is required. UL17 was present in the procapsid, in the DNA-containing angularized C capsid, and in two other angularized capsid forms, A and B, that lack DNA and are thought to be dead-end products. The results suggest that UL17 is a minor capsid protein which is incorporated into the procapsid during assembly of the particle. UL17 was also found in virions and in noninfectious structures known as light (L) particles, which possess a tegument and envelope but lack a capsid. The level of UL17 in these particles was much greater than the amount that could be attributed to capsid contamination of the purified L-particle preparation, suggesting that UL17 is also a tegument protein. The finding that virions contain approximately twofold more UL17 than do C capsids provided further support for the idea that UL17 is present in two different structural components within the mature virion. The UL25 packaging protein, which is also present in virions, was not found in significant amounts in L particles, indicating that it is associated only with the capsid. UL6, the third virion-associated packaging protein, was present in slightly increased levels in L particles.
[A Survey of Exact Inference for Contingency Tables]: Rejoinder

The past decade has seen substantial research on exact infer- ence for contingency tables, both in terms of developing new analyses and developing efficient algorithms for computations. Coupled with concomitant improvements in computer power, this research has re- sulted in a greater variety of exact procedures becoming feasible for practical use and a considerable increase in the size of data sets to which the procedures can be applied. For some basic analyses of contin- gency tables, it is unnecessary to use large-sample approximations to sampling distributions when their adequacy is in doubt. This article surveys the current theoretical and computational developments of exact methods for contingency tables. Primary attention is given to the exact conditional approach, which eliminates nuisance parameters by conditioning on their sufficient statistics. The presentation of various exact inferences is unified by expressing them in terms of parameters and their sufficient statistics in loglinear models. Exact approaches for many inferences are not yet addressed in the literature, particularly for multidimensional contingency tables, and this article also suggests additional research for the next decade that would make exact methods yet more widely applicable.
Forecasting and Backcasting: Predicting the Impact of Events on the Future

In many choices they make—for example, choosing between a movie and a play or deciding whether to attend a sports game shortly before a birthday party—consumers are guided by how they expect an event will make them feel. They may predict their feelings by forecasting (imagining their feelings when the impacting event occurs, then considering how those feelings might change over time) or by backcasting (imagining their feelings in a future period, then considering how those feelings might be different were the impacting event to happen). Four studies show that backcasters expect events to have a greater hedonic impact than do forecasters, largely because they think more about the impacting event. The studies also reveal that backcasters consider other information that forecasters tend to ignore.
Entropy based nearest neighbor search in high dimensions

In this paper we study the problem of finding the approximate nearest neighbor of a query point in the high dimensional space, focusing on the Euclidean space. The earlier approaches use locality-preserving hash functions (that tend to map nearby points to the same value) to construct several hash tables to ensure that the query point hashes to the same bucket as its nearest neighbor in at least one table. Our approach is different - we use one (or a few) hash table and hash several randomly chosen points in the neighborhood of the query point showing that at least one of them will hash to the bucket containing its nearest neighbor. We show that the number of randomly chosen points in the neighborhood of the query point <i>q</i> required depends on the entropy of the hash value <i>h(p)</i> of a random point <i>p</i> at the same distance from <i>q</i> at its nearest neighbor, given <i>q</i> and the locality preserving hash function <i>h</i> chosen randomly from the hash family. Precisely, we show that if the entropy <i>I(h(p)|q, h)</i> = <i>M</i> and <i>g</i> is a bound on the probability that two far-off points will hash to the same bucket, then we can find the approximate nearest neighbor in <i>O(n</i><sup><i>p</i></sup>) time and near linear <i>Õ</i>(<i>n</i>) space where <i>p</i> = <i>M</i>/log(1/g). Alternatively we can build a data structure of size <i>Õ</i>(<i>n</i><sup>1/(1-p)</sup>) to answer queries in <i>Õ</i>(<i>d</i>) time. By applying this analysis to the locality preserving hash functions in [17, 21, 6] and adjusting the parameters we show that the <i>c</i> nearest neighbor can be computed in time <i>Õ</i>(<i>n</i><sup>p</sup>) and near linear space where <i>p</i> ≈ 2.06/<i>c</i> as <i>c</i> becomes large.