Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Emphysema in Cystic Fibrosis Detected by Densitometry on Chest Multidetector Computed Tomography

Background Histopathological studies on lung specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and recent results from a mouse model indicate that emphysema may contribute to CF lung disease. However, little is known about the relevance of emphysema in patients with CF. In the present study, we used computationally generated density masks based on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest for non-invasive characterization and quantification of emphysema in CF. Methods Volumetric MDCT scans were acquired in parallel to pulmonary function testing in 41 patients with CF (median age 20.1 years; range 7-66 years) and 21 non-CF controls (median age 30.4 years; range 4-68 years), and subjected to dedicated software. The lung was segmented, low attenuation volumes below a threshold of -950 Hounsfield units were assigned to emphysema volume (EV), and the emphysema index was computed (EI). Results were correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted (FEV1%), residual volume (RV), and RV/total lung capacity (RV/TLC). Results We show that EV was increased in CF (457±530 ml) compared to non-CF controls (78±90 ml) (P<0.01). EI was also increased in CF (7.7±7.5%) compared to the control group (1.2±1.4%) (P<0.05). EI correlated inversely with FEV1% (rs=-0.66), and directly with RV (rs=0.69) and RV/TLC (rs=0.47) in patients with CF (P<0.007), but not in non-CF controls. Emphysema in CF was detected from early adolescence (~13 years) and increased with age (rs=0.67, P<0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that early onset emphysema detected by densitometry on chest MDCT is a characteristic pathology that contributes to airflow limitation and may serve as a novel endpoint for monitoring lung disease in CF.
Phosphate-binding Tag, a New Tool to Visualize Phosphorylated Proteins*S

We introduce two methods for the visualization of phosphorylated proteins using alkoxide-bridged dinuclear metal (i.e. Zn2+ or Mn2+) complexes as novel phosphate-binding tag (Phos-tag) molecules. Both Zn2+- and Mn2+-Phos-tag molecules preferentially capture phosphomonoester dianions bound to Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. One method is based on an ECL system using biotin-pendant Zn2+-Phos-tag and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. We demonstrate the electroblotting analyses of protein phosphorylation status by the phosphate-selective ECL signals. Another method is based on the mobility shift of phosphorylated proteins in SDS-PAGE with polyacrylamide-bound Mn2+-Phos-tag. Phosphorylated proteins in the gel are visualized as slower migration bands compared with corresponding dephosphorylated proteins. We demonstrate the kinase and phosphatase assays by phosphate affinity electrophoresis (Mn2+-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE).
Struggle for Subtypes in Primary and Secondary Depression and Their Mode-Specific Treatment or Healing

toms or their social and historical antecedents is seen as epiphenomena, i.e. not central to the DSM-III diagnosis. Conversely, in psychotherapy these factors are mode-specific [9] . When Greenberg interviewed me about the history of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D 17 ) [10] which is a major platform in his book [8] , we were very much in agreement that the Feighner depression criteria have a strong resemblance to the items on the HAM-D. According to Horwitz and Wakefield [11] , one of the ironies of psychiatric history is that the theory-neutral symptoms of depression in the Feighner criteria were apparently adopted by DSM-III due to their empirical support, but a closer look gives rather fragile evidence of their validity [11, 12] . The most obvious reference for the Feighner symptoms of depression is the HAM-D. Another irony is, as pointed out by Guze [4] , that the concept of co-morbidity was opened up in DSM-IV for scientific studies by eliminating diagnostic hierarchies; however, this was not followed by an introduction of the primary-secondary dichotomy of depression, even though Feighner had indicated that the symptomatology was the same in primary and secondary depression [13] . Two decades before Frank’s first edition [14] or the introduction of antidepressive medication, Lewis [15] remarked that the first task of classification in depression is, like in hypertension, to recognize the clinical state, i.e. Introduction
Translation initiation in Escherichia coli: sequences within the ribosome‐binding site

The translational roles of the Shine‐Dalgarno sequence, the initiation codon, the space between them, and the second codon have been studied. The Shine Dalgarno sequence UAAGGAGG initiated translation roughly four times more efficiently than did the shorter AAGGA sequence. Each Shine‐Dalgarno sequence required a minimum distance to the initiation codon in order to drive translation; spacing, however, could be rather long. Initiation at AUG was more efficient than at GUG or UUG at each spacing examined; initiation at GUG was only slightly better than UUG. Translation was also affected by residues 3′ to the initiation codon. The second codon can influence the rate of initiation, with the magnitude depending on the initiation codon. The data are consistent with a simple kinetic model in which a variety of rate constants contribute to the process of translation initiation.
Young People, Children, Politics and Space: A Decade of Youthful Political Geography Scholarship 2003–13

This review essay covers a decade of scholarship developed by geographers who engage with children, young people and politics. It first outlines the boundaries within which the review was conducted. It then sets the scene of the starting points in 2003 of the when and where of the scholarship of children's and young people's political geographies. Section 3 provides focus on a wide range of contributions made in order to stake a claim within the wider discipline of Geography and explores the connections made with, and conceptions drawn from, feminist geography. Section 4 examines the ways in which the field has been expanded through conceptualisation and deconstruction of taken-for-granted approaches. Here, the intellectual value of reconsiderations or innovations of the concepts of scale, child and childhood, politics, agency, articulation, geopolitics and critical geopolitics are excavated and explicated. The paper ends with concluding thoughts and pointers towards the next decade of youthful political geographies and provides an extensive reference list covering a wide range of work on the subject.
A Keyphrase Generation Technique Based upon Keyphrase Extraction and Reasoning on Loosely Structured Ontologies

Associating meaningful keyphrases to documents and web pages is an activity that can greatly increase the accuracy of Information Retrieval and Personalization systems, but the growing amount of text data available is too large for an extensive manual annotation. On the other hand, automatic keyphrase generation, a complex task involving Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, can significantly support this activity. Several different strategies have been proposed over the years, but most of them require extensive training data, which are not always available, suffer high ambiguity and differences in writing style, are highly domain-specific, and often rely on a wellstructured knowledge that is very hard to acquire and encode. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose in this paper an innovative unsupervised and domain-independent approach that combines keyphrase extraction and keyphrase inference based on loosely structured, collaborative knowledge such as Wikipedia, Wordnik, and Urban Dictionary. Such choice introduces a higher level of abstraction in the generated KPs that allows us to determine if two texts deal with similar topics even if they do not share a word.
LINKING EVALUATION WITH STRUCTURED ENRICHMENT: THE FAMILY PROFILE FORM

Abstract The purpose of this study was to begin validation of the Family Profile Form, a 126-item self-report paper-and-pencil test derived from a classification of more than 2,000 structured enrichment (SE) exercises. This instrument was constructed to link evaluation of couples and families with specific SE exercises. Reliability, discriminant, criterion, and concurrent validities with different samples of participants, couples, and individuals were found to be within acceptable limits of statistical significance, thus supporting the use of this instrument as a prescriptive link between evaluation and SE in preventive interventions with couples and families.
Understanding Biophilia Leisure as Facilitating Well-Being and the Environment: An Examination of Participants’ Attitudes Toward Horticultural Activity

Biophilia is humans’ inherited psychological tendency to be attracted to other forms of life and the natural environment. The main purpose of this study was to identify the attributes of horticultural activity as a form of biophilia leisure, which is based on humans’ biophilic tendency to affiliate with life and nature. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the multidimensional structure of horticultural attitudes in understanding biophilia leisure. The results identified a second-order factor structure with four dimensions of horticultural attitudes: leisure belief, increasing positive mood, improving social relationships, and improving the environment. This result suggests a persuasive framework for biophilia leisure, which is beneficial not only for human well-being, but also for preserving the natural environment.
Spreading of Alzheimer's disease inflammatory signaling through soluble micro‐RNA

&NA; Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that develops within the limbic system, spreading radially into anatomically linked brain association areas as the disease progresses. Analysis of temporal‐lobe association of neocortex‐derived extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease patients shows an abundant presence of micro‐RNA (miRNA), including the proinflammatory miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155. Using a novel and highly sensitive LED‐Northern dot‐blot focusing technique, we detected the secretion of potentially pathogenic amounts of miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155 from stressed human primary neural cells. A conditioned medium containing miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155 was found to induce Alzheimer‐type gene expression changes in control brain cells. These included downregulation in the expression of an important repressor of the innate immune response, complement factor H (CFH). These effects were neutralized using anti‐miRNA strategies. Anti‐miRNA‐based therapeutics may provide a novel and efficacious treatment to stem the miRNA‐mediated spreading of inflammatory signaling involved in Alzheimer's disease.
Fathers' and mothers' cognitive stimulation in early play with toddlers: Predictors of 5th grade reading and math

Developmental support in early parent-infant interactions has been shown to predict children's early development and later academic success, but the long-term combined impacts of maternal and paternal interactions are rarely examined. For 229 low-income children in the US Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project, parent-toddler interactions at age 2, observed separately with fathers and mothers, were examined in relation to child outcomes at age 3 and 5th grade. In families with resident biological fathers, both mother and father cognitive stimulation independently predicted 5th grade math and reading, over and above program impacts and child gender. In other families, only mother cognitive stimulation predicted later child outcomes, even if fathers were involved in children's lives. Adding early developmental indicators to the model showed that the contributions of mothers' early cognitive stimulation on children's later academic skills were significantly mediated by children's early development in biological father-resident families, but not in other families. Similarly, adding early developmental indicators to the reading model showed that the contributions of fathers' early cognitive stimulation on children's later reading was partially mediated by children's early vocabulary in biological father-resident families, but not in other families. These results suggest that fathers' and mothers' cognitive stimulation in early play with toddlers both have the potential to make long-term direct and indirect impacts on their children's academic success.
BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE-BASED GENERATION OF THE SYSTEM CLASS MODEL ♣

The article presents principles of the Enterprise model-based generation of the Class model of the system (on the Platform independent level). Enterprise model being an integral part of the Repository of a CASE system becomes a core structure (Knowledge base) for the accumulation of business domain knowledge. The purpose of this article is to show that the knowledge stored in the Knowledge base is enough to generate one of the main models of the object-oriented Information systems development approaches, namely, Class model on the Platform independent level. In order to show the basic principles of the Class model generation algorithm, Enterprise and Class metamodels as well as mappings between the corresponding elements of these metamodels are presented and briefly discussed. The algorithm of the Class model generation and a brief overview of its realization are also presented in this paper.
Moderators of the intention–behavior relationship in influenza vaccinations: Intention stability and unforeseen barriers

Intentions and behavior are consistently correlated to one another. Although this relationship is strong, it is not perfect. What causes a person's behavior to deviate from previous intentions? This study examined the impact of two factors—intention stability and unforeseen barriers—on the intention–behavior relationship. In a longitudinal study of 101 university faculty and staff, more stable intentions over a four-year period led to stronger intention–behavior agreement for influenza vaccination in the fourth year. To investigate the role of unforeseen barriers, we took advantage of the fact that in the first year of the study flu shot availability was delayed, forming a barrier that arose after intentions to vaccinate were measured, but before the behavior could be carried out. As a result, the intention–behavior relationship was weaker in this year of the study than in the following years when no such barrier occurred. Both of these results help to elucidate the reasons why intentions and behaviors are not always aligned.
A formative experiment to enhance teacher-child language interactions in a preschool classroom

A formative experiment investigated how two strategies aimed at increasing the quality and quantity of language interactions could be integrated into a preschool classroom. Strategies for enriching language interactions were introduced during book sharing, semi-structured group activities, and mealtimes. Mixed methods revealed factors that enhanced, inhibited, or sometimes prevented the integration of enriching language interactions during the school day and accordingly what adaptations might be warranted. Specifically, data revealed increases in the quantity and quality of teacher—child interactions during book sharing and mealtimes, but not during semi-structured group activities. Implications are discussed for professional development, classroom practice, and how formative experiments reveal unique insights about preschool classrooms.
Detection of Premature Ventricular Beats in ECG records using Bayesian networks involving the P-Wave and fusion of results

This article proposes to use the Bayesian network (BN) framework to support medical decision in the problem of heart beat classification in long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) records. The motivation to use the BN approach is to take into account the uncertainty present in the clinical reasoning. The case study is the classification of Premature Ventricular Beats (PVC). Specifically speaking, it is discussed the use of the P-Wave as a network node, to check its capability to improve the performance of the PVC classification. In spite of concluding that the P wave is not definitive for the classification, such results have motivated the main proposal of this work: a fusion of the results obtained by training the implemented BN with two distinct datasets, which has indeed improved the system performance.
Executive pay and the search for legitimacy: An investigation into how UK Remuneration Committees use corporate performance comparisons in long-term incentive pay decisions

This article draws on case studies from five of the UK privatized water plcs in order to examine how Remuneration Committees operationalized and justified their executive long-term incentive pay (LTIP) schemes. The article uses these as `revelatory' examples to illuminate how problematic decisions about executive pay can be. The water plc Remuneration Committees, concerned about potential stakeholder criticism, devoted considerable time and resources to ensure that their choice of LTIP comparators and performance metrics would be regarded as legitimate. The difficulties they encountered in pursuing this illustrate the underlying indeterminacy and incoherence of normative guidelines for implementing good governance in these substantive areas of executive remuneration. The article analyses this in terms of institutional incompleteness and argues that the resulting uncertainty creates theoretical as well as practical issues for resolving debates about what constitutes good governance.
Firm Heterogeneity: do destinations of exports and origins of imports matter?

How do importing activities matter in explaining firm heterogeneity? How firm performances are related to foreign markets heterogeneity? Using a rich database on Italian manufacturing firms, this essay adds new evidence on the relationship between trade status and firm characteristics. We uncover evidence supporting recent theories on firm heterogeneity and international trade, together with some new facts. First, the availability of information on import and export enables us to differentiate firms involved in both trading activities - namely two-way traders - from firms that only export, and from those that only import. We show that firms engaged in both import and export outperform those involved in either importing or exporting only. Second, exploiting firm-level information on the destination of export and the origin of imports, we observe the heterogeneity among firms trading with different type of markets. We show that different destinations of exports and different origins of imports map into distinctive firm characteristics.
The Neural Basis of Reversible Sentence Comprehension: Evidence from Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping in Aphasia

We explored the neural basis of reversible sentence comprehension in a large group of aphasic patients (n = 79). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping revealed a significant association between damage in temporo-parietal cortex and impaired sentence comprehension. This association remained after we controlled for phonological working memory. We hypothesize that this region plays an important role in the thematic or what–where processing of sentences. In contrast, we detected weak or no association between reversible sentence comprehension and the ventrolateral pFC, which includes Broca's area, even for syntactically complex sentences. This casts doubt on theories that presuppose a critical role for this region in syntactic computations.
Student Characteristics and Activity Choices of College Freshmen and their Intent to Persist in Religiously Affiliated Institutions

Persistence and retention have been studied extensively in higher education, but little research has been conducted on these areas in religiously affiliated institutions. The present study was designed to examine factors that influence the intentions of students to persist from their freshmen to sophomore year in private, religiously affiliated, four-year institutions. The variables selected for the study were derived from constructs including student characteristics, institutional classification, and activity choices of college freshmen. This cross-sectional study analyzed data obtained from the 27 religiously affiliated institutions that participated in the 2003 Your First College Year survey (YFCY) administered by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) at UCLA. The conceptual framework for the study was based on the research of Astin (1978) and Tinto (1987), which shares one common thread: social integration. Both scholars state that social integration is critical in determining whether students decide to stay or leave an institution. In general, the findings of this study agree with Astin (1978) and Tinto (1987) by showing that freshmen students who developed close relationships in college, who allowed their social activities to interfere with their schoolwork, and who reported higher GPAs, were more likely to intend to persist to their sophomore year. Other variables found to be significant with increased persistence were: male gender, attendance at religious services, attended classes/labs, lived off campus, joined a fraternity/sorority, and had higher levels of faculty/student interaction.
Surface Integral Equation-Method of Moments With Multiregion Basis Functions Applied to Plasmonics

A surface integral equation-method of moments (SIE-MoM) approach is presented for the solution of multiple homogeneous penetrable bodies. The problem is formulated using multiregion (MR) piecewise vector basis functions defined uniformly on the boundary surfaces, interfaces, and line junctions. The MR bases are oriented functions implicitly satisfying the boundary conditions. Their use greatly simplifies the formulation, and thereby the implementation, for the solution of arbitrary complex composite problems having multiple junctions. Moreover, the generation of the MR functions involves a negligible overhead at the setup. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of SIE-MoM with MR basis functions in plasmonics, where this approach remains much unexplored.
The Art of Gate-Crashing Bringing HRI into users' homes

Special purpose service robots have already entered the market and their users homes. Also the idea of the general purpose service robot or personal robot companion is increasingly discussed and investigated. To probe human-robot interaction with a mobile robot in arbitrary domestic settings, we conducted a study in eight different homes. Based on previous results from laboratory studies we identified particular interaction situations which should be studied thoroughly in real home settings. Based upon the collected sensory data from the robot we found that the different environments influenced the spatial management observable during our subjects' interaction with the robot. We also validated empirically that the concept of spatial prompting can aid spatial management and communication, and assume this concept to be helpful for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) design. In this article we report on our exploratory field study and our findings regarding, in particular, the spatial management observed during show episodes and movement through narrow passages.