Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market Integration with ASEAN and Beyond: The Case of Myanmar

In this paper, we address the question of market integration of Myanmar with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its other top trading partners. Focusing on agricultural trade, we use indicators â€“ â€˜Trade Potentialâ€™ and â€˜Competition Indicesâ€™ to assess the nature and extent of the integration. This study highlights the exports of Myanmar which are competitive in the ASEAN markets and have high export potential. A higher trade potential with lower competition (value or volume) would indicate an opportunity for higher returns for agricultural producers. In the case of Myanmar, â€œdried legumes and beans,â€ â€œcrustaceans,â€ â€œfrozen fish,â€ â€œother oilseeds,â€ â€œmaize,â€ and â€œpreserved fruits and nutsâ€ are identified as high-potential exports with lower competition in ASEAN markets which can be targeted for trade expansion. Finally, to demonstrate the upward movement in the value chain, possibly due to quality upgradation, we present the dynamics of the unit value of Myanmarâ€™s agricultural exports.
An Observational Study of How Young People Search for Online Sexual Health Information

Abstract Little is known about the quality of online sexual health information, how young people access the Internet to answer their sexual health questions, or an individual's ability to sort through myriad sources for accurate information. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how college students search for online sexual health information and whether they retrieve accurate answers to sexual health questions. Participants: In fall 2007, the authors recruited 34 first-year, first-semester undergraduates to participate in an observational research study, using Camtasia Studio. Results: Most students found accurate answers to the 12 sexual health questions posed. Finding local information and resources online proved more difficult than finding answers to general sexual health questions. Conclusions: The Internet has become the leading source for sexual health information. Based on their findings, the authors argue that young people must be educated about how Web search engine results are prioritized/displayed and trained to evaluate Web sites for reliable information.
Improvement of bit-error-rate in decision feedback equalizer by preventing decision-error propagation

A technique for reducing the influence of a phenomenon known as error propagation through the decision feedback equalizer is proposed. An error threshold may be defined to compare with the decision estimation error. If the estimation error is less than the threshold, an assumption is made that the DFE is functioning correctly; otherwise, the decision is classified as unreliable and replaced by a temporary decision. The temporary decision is chosen to prevent further, self-sustained incorrect decisions. The estimation error caused by adopting the temporary decision is used to determine the correct decision, which replaces the temporary decision. Statistical analysis indicates that the performance of the algorithm critically depends on the value of the first postcursor and the accompanying noise level.
Constitutive expression of the low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor and changes during axotomy‐induced death of sensory neurones in the neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion

Sensory neurones in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the neonatal rat express the 75‐kDa low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and these neurones degenerate rapidly after axotomy. p75NTR belongs to the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, several members of which have a role in cell death and it is constitutively expressed within a subpopulation of DRG neurones. p75NTR has been implicated in mediating the degeneration of these neurones after axotomy. In this study, we characterize the expression of p75NTR in sensory neurones of the newborn rat DRG using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigate the change in constitutive expression pattern of p75NTR in these neurones following axotomy. In the C7 and C8 DRG of the newborn rat, p75NTR is expressed in approximately 70% of DRG neurones. Those expressing p75NTR can be classified into subpopulations with moderate or intense p75NTR expression, each present in approximately equal proportions. Whilst p75NTR expression is observed in neurones throughout the entire neuronal diameter range, a correlation exists between neuronal diameter and p75NTR expression intensity. We also found that the most vulnerable population following axotomy were those sensory neurones which constitutively express the highest levels of p75NTR, i.e. the large‐diameter neurones.
Opioid Action on Respiratory Neuron Activity of the Isolated Respiratory Network in Newborn Rats

BackgroundUnderlying mechanisms behind opioid-induced respiratory depression are not fully understood. The authors investigated changes in burst rate, intraburst firing frequency, membrane properties, as well as presynaptic and postsynaptic events of respiratory neurons in the isolated brainstem after administration of opioid receptor agonists. MethodsNewborn rat brainstem–spinal cord preparations were used and superfused with &mgr;-, &kgr;-, and &dgr;-opioid receptor agonists. Whole cell recordings were performed from three major classes of respiratory neurons (inspiratory, preinspiratory, and expiratory). ResultsMu- and &kgr;-opioid receptor agonists reduced the spontaneous burst activity of inspiratory neurons and the C4 nerve activity. Forty-two percent of the inspiratory neurons were hyperpolarized and decreased in membrane resistance during opioid-induced respiratory depression. Furthermore, under synaptic block by tetrodotoxin perfusion, similar changes of inspiratory neuronal membrane properties occurred after application of &mgr;- and &kgr;-opioid receptor agonists. In contrast, resting membrane potential and membrane resistance of preinspiratory and majority of expiratory neurons were unchanged by opioid receptor agonists, even during tetrodotoxin perfusion. Simultaneous recordings of inspiratory and preinspiratory neuronal activities confirmed the selective inhibition of inspiratory neurons caused by &mgr;- and &kgr;-opioid receptor agonists. Application of opioids reduced the slope of rising of excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by contralateral medulla stimulation, resulting in a prolongation of the latency of successive first action potential responses. ConclusionsMu- and &kgr;-opioid receptor agonists caused reduction of final motor outputs by mainly inhibiting medullary inspiratory neuron network. This inhibition of inspiratory neurons seems to be a result of both a presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. The central respiratory rhythm as reflected by the preinspiratory neuron burst rate was essentially unaltered by the agonists.
Modeling Buffer Starvations of Video Streaming in Cellular Networks with Large-Scale Measurement of User Behavior

Unraveling quality of experience (QoE) of video streaming is very challenging in bandwidth shared wireless networks. It is unclear how QoE metrics such as starvation probability and buffering time interact with dynamics of streaming traffic load. In this paper, we collect view records from one of the largest streaming providers in China over two weeks and perform an in-depth measurement study on flow arrival and viewing time that shed light on the real traffic pattern. Our most important observation is that the viewing time of streaming users fits a hyper-exponential distribution quite well. This implies that all the views can be categorized into two classes, short and long views with separated time scales. We then map the measured traffic pattern to bandwidth shared cellular networks and propose an analytical framework to compute the closed-form starvation probability on the basis of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Our framework can be naturally extended to investigate practical issues including the progressive downloading and the finite video duration. Extensive trace-driven simulations validate the accuracy of our models. Our study reveals that the starvation metrics of the short and long views possess different sensitivities to the scheduling priority at base station (BS). Hence, a better QoE tradeoff between the short and long views has a potential to be leveraged by offering them different scheduling weights. The flow differentiation involves tremendous technical and non-technical challenges because video content is owned by content providers but not the network operators and the viewing time of each session is unknown beforehand. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an online Bayesian approach to infer the viewing time of each incoming flow with the “least” information from content providers.
DEVELOPMENT OF MDR TB IN SHORT DURATION IN A PATIENT RECEIVING TREATMENT FOR SIMPLE TB: A CASE REPORT

Abstract Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is becoming more cumbersome especially in developing countries. Already supportive infrastructures are weak as compared to disease burden. Numerous diagnostic techniques for early diagnosis of TB and MDR TB have brought incremental improvements however; the technical intricacies of these assays and their reliance on enthusiastic laboratory infrastructure have restricted their implementation, particularly in low – resource and high – burden settings. Recently introduced GeneXpert MTB / RIF assay simultaneously detects the presence of MTB, and its susceptibility to the important first – line drug rifampicin. Aim of this report is to understand the role of physician in prompt diagnosis and its control in spread of MDR TB and conversion of normal TB to MDR TB using available resources. Watchfulness of physician is an important factor in treating TB patients and early diagnosis of MDR TB using available resources. A good skilled team work is necessary to locate such cases in early stages and pro-mpt treatment can save many lives and ultimately serve as a big barrier in spreading primary MDR TB. Keywords: MDR TB, Tuberculosis, Prompt Diagnosis, GeneXpert.
The INTEGRAL/IBIS AGN catalogue: an update

In the most recent IBIS survey based on observations performed during the first 1000 orbits of INTEGRAL, are listed 363 high-energy emitters firmly associated with AGN, 107 of which are reported here for the first time. We have used X-ray data to image the IBIS 90 per cent error circle of all the AGN in the sample of 107, in order to obtain the correct X-ray counterparts, locate them with arcsec accuracy and therefore pinpoint the correct optical counterparts. This procedure has led to the optical and spectral characterization of the entire sample. This new set consists of 34 broad line or type 1 AGN, 47 narrow line or type 2 AGN, 18 blazars and 8 sources of unknown class. These eight sources have been associated with AGN from their positional coincidence with 2MASX/Radio/X-ray sources. Seven high-energy emitters have been included since they are considered to be good AGN candidates. Spectral analysis has been already performed on 55 objects and the results from the most recent and/or best statistical measurements have been collected. For the remaining 52 sources, we report the spectral analysis for the first time in this work. We have been able to obtain the full X-ray coverage of the sample making use of data from Swift/XRT, XMM–Newton and NuSTAR. In addition to the spectral characterization of the entire sample, this analysis has enabled us to identify peculiar sources and by comparing different data sets, highlight flux variability in the 2–10 keV and 20–40 keV bands.
Job satisfaction and commitment amongst teaching staff in academic departments at one KwaZulu-Natal higher education institution.

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv ABBREVIATIONS USED . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF ANNEXURES . xii A voice from the past . Extract from the Wealth of Nations . xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW . 1 1.
Study on health management decision support system

Abstract To adapt to market informatization, the introduction of health management decision support system can help the management decision of health administration and medical affairs. A database was established according to the requirements of the business layer and data mining technology. Information data which were related to method, model and knowledge in the database were extracted and used for establishing knowledge base, model base and method base; the knowledge base, model base, method base and database were integrated together to form the decision support layer. Finally the decision support layer and presentation layer formed the overall framework of health management decision support system. According to the database characteristics and after comparison of different models, Bayesian discriminant analysis model was determined to be used in the discriminant analysis module, and trend extropolation predictive model was used in the prediction module. The developed system was used to predicting the category of serious diseases, which initially proved the function of health management decision support of the system.
Sex and Philosophy: Rethinking de Beauvoir and Sartre

Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Sartre and Beauvoir 1. Final Exams 2. Courtship and Union 3. Carousing 4. Would-be Authors 5. More Carousing 6. The Family Jewels 7. The 'Lost' Letters Part II: Sartre or Beauvoir? 8. A 'Preposterous' Thesis 9. Two Beginnings, One Philosophy 10. Whose Ethics? 11. The Absence of Beauvoir 12. Beauvoir in the Intellectual Marketplace Part III: Beauvoir and Beauvoir 13. Gender and Method 14. Gender and Ethics 15. The Second Sex 16. The Second Sex and the Genre Trap Bibliography: Jean-Paul Sartre Bibliography: Simone de Beauvoir.
Uniform momentum zones in turbulent boundary layers

Structural properties of regions of uniform streamwise momentum in turbulent boundary layers are examined using experimental databases obtained from particle image velocimetry. This investigation employs a large range of Reynolds numbers, spanning more than an order of magnitude ( $Re_{{\it\tau}}=10^{3}{-}10^{4}$ ), enabling us to provide a detailed description of uniform momentum zones as a function of Reynolds number. Our analysis starts by examining the identification criterion used by Adrian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1–54) to report the presence of uniform momentum zones in turbulent boundary layers. This criterion is then applied to show that a zonal-like structural arrangement is prevalent in all datasets examined, emphasising its importance in the structural organisation. Streamwise velocity fluctuations within the zones are observed to be small but they are bounded by distinct step changes in streamwise momentum which indicate that shear layers of intense vorticity separate each zone. A log-linear increase in the number of these zones with increasing Reynolds number is revealed, together with an increase in the thicknesses of zones with increasing distance from the wall. These results support a hierarchical length-scale distribution of coherent structures, which generate zonal-like organisation within turbulent boundary layers. Interpretation of these findings is aided by employing synthetic velocity fields generated using a model based on the attached eddy hypothesis, which is described in the work of Perry and co-workers. Comparisons between the model and experimental results show that a hierarchy of self-similar structures leads to population densities and length-scale distributions of uniform momentum zones that closely adhere to those observed experimentally in this study.
PIK 3 CA C 2 domain deletions hyperactivate phosphoinositide 3-kinase ( PI 3 K ) , generate oncogene dependence and are exquisitely sensitive to PI 3 Kα inhibitors

Purpose: We describe herein a novel P447_L455 deletion in the C2 domain of PIK3CA in a patient with an ER+ breast cancer with an excellent response to the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib. Although PIK3CA deletions are relatively rare, a significant portion of deletions cluster within amino acids 446-460 of the C2 domain, suggesting these residues are critical for p110α function. Design: A computational structural model of PIK3CA in complex with the p85 regulatory subunit and MCF10A cells expressing PIK3CA and PIK3CA were used to understand the phenotype of C2 domain deletions. Results: Computational modeling revealed specific favorable inter-residue contacts that would be lost as a result of the deletion, predicting a significant decrease in binding energy. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed reduced binding of the C2 Research. on December 30, 2017. © 2017 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals. org Downloaded from Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 28, 2017; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2141
Gadolinium chloride modulates bradykinin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during polymicrobial abdominal sepsis in rats

ABSTRACT Background: Macrophages importantly contribute to sepsis-induced lung injury. As their impact on pulmonary endothelial injury and dysregulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) remains unclear, we assessed pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and HPV by macrophage inhibition via gadolinium chloride (GC) pre-treatment in rats with peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]). Methods: The following four study groups were made: Group I: SHAM and group II: SHAM + GC (pre-treatment with NaCl 0.9% or GC 14 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intravenously 24 hours prior to sham laparotomy); group III: CLP and group IV: CLP + GC (pre-treatment with NaCl 0.9% or GC 14 mg/kg b.w. 24 hours prior to induction of peritonitis). Exhaled nitric oxide (exNO), bradykinin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (=surrogate marker of endothelial dysfunction) and HPV were investigated in isolated and perfused lungs (n = 40). Using the same protocol wet to dry lung weight ratio and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were investigated in separate rats (n = 28). In additional rats (n = 12) of groups III and IV nitrite levels in alveolar macrophages (AM) were measured. Results: In sepsis, GC pre-treatment significantly attenuated exNO levels, AM-derived nitrite levels, lung MPO activity, and restored blunted HPV, but severely enhanced endothelial dysfunction in healthy and septic animals. Conclusion: Macrophages exhibit a controversial role in sepsis-induced lung injury. The GC-induced restoration of inflammation parameters to sham levels is clearly limited by the negative impact on CLP-induced endothelial injury in this setting. The exact link between the GC-associated modulation of the NO pathway demonstrated and septic lung injury needs to be determined in future studies.
Brain temporal complexity in explaining the therapeutic and cognitive effects of seizure therapy

Over 350 million people worldwide suffer from depression, a third of whom are medication-resistant. Seizure therapy remains the most effective treatment in depression, even when many treatments fail. The utility of seizure therapy is limited due to its cognitive side effects and stigma. The biological targets of seizure therapy remain unknown, hindering design of new treatments with comparable efficacy. Seizures impact the brains temporal dynamicity observed through electroencephalography. This dynamicity reflects richness of information processing across distributed brain networks subserving affective and cognitive processes. We investigated the hypothesis that seizure therapy impacts mood (depressive symptoms) and cognition by modulating brain temporal dynamicity. We obtained resting-state electroencephalography from 34 patients (age = 46.0 ± 14.0, 21 females) receiving two types of seizure treatments-electroconvulsive therapy or magnetic seizure therapy. We used multi-scale entropy to quantify the complexity of the brain's temporal dynamics before and after seizure therapy. We discovered that reduction of complexity in fine timescales underlined successful therapeutic response to both seizure treatments. Greater reduction in complexity of fine timescales in parieto-occipital and central brain regions was significantly linked with greater improvement in depressive symptoms. Greater increase in complexity of coarse timescales was associated with greater decline in cognition including the autobiographical memory. These findings were region and timescale specific. That is, change in complexity in occipital regions (e.g. O2 electrode or right occipital pole) at fine timescales was only associated with change in depressive symptoms, and not change in cognition, and change in complexity in parieto-central regions (e.g. Pz electrode or intra and transparietal sulcus) at coarser timescale was only associated with change in cognition, and not depressive symptoms. Finally, region and timescale specific changes in complexity classified both antidepressant and cognitive response to seizure therapy with good (80%) and excellent (95%) accuracy, respectively. In this study, we discovered a novel biological target of seizure therapy: complexity of the brain resting state dynamics. Region and timescale dependent changes in complexity of the brain resting state dynamics is a novel mechanistic marker of response to seizure therapy that explains both the antidepressant response and cognitive changes associated with this treatment. This marker has tremendous potential to guide design of the new generation of antidepressant treatments.
A 3-D Semi-Implicit Method for Computing the Current Density in Bulk Superconductors

A semi-implicit approach is proposed for computing the current density in superconductors characterized by nonlinear vectorial power law. A nodal discontinuous Galerkin method is adopted for the spatial discretization of the nonlinear system satisfied by the components of the electric field. Explicit developments are used to construct boundary conditions to avoid the modeling of a volume around the superconducting sample. A modified Newton iterative method is introduced for solving the discrete system. Numerical examples on a 2-D superconducting plate and a 3-D superconducting cube are computed. Distributions of a component of the current density are presented and differences in the diffusive process are highlighted. The penetration time and losses are compared with those obtained with an A-V formulation solved by a finite-volume method.