Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of MAO by -carbolinium halides.

In the search for a compound capable of selective inhibition of peripheral MAO, a number of 2,9-disubstkuted β-carbolinium compounds were synthesized. With tryptamine as the substrate, these compounds generally exerted greater inhibition of the enzyme from human liver mitochondria than that from bovine liver. An exception to this was 2-propargyl-9-methyl-β-carbolinium bromide (VII), which inhibited the enzyme from both sources to a nearly equal extent. The inhibitory activity of 2,9-dimethyl-β-carbolinium iodide (I) was further studied with mitochondrial MAO of human liver, heart, and brain; rat liver, heart, and brain; mouse liver; and bovine liver; tryptamine and tyramine were used as substrates. Compound I was more effective than pargyline in inhibiting tryptamine oxidation by human MAO from peripheral tissues but was less active than pargyline toward tyramine oxidation. Kinetic studies on the inhibition of tryptamine oxidation indicated I to be a mixed-type inhibitor with MAO from human tissues and rat liver and competitive with MAO from rat heart and brain and bovine liver. The inactivation of tryptamine oxidation by I was reversible in nature, as was VII which bears a propargyl (CH2C ≡ CH) group, the same group that endows pargyline with its irreversible binding to MAO. Since the rate of irreversible inactivation of MAO by pargyline was decreased by the presence of I, there exists the possibility of a common binding site for the two compounds.
Bank Efficiency and Bank Lending Channel : Evidence from a Panel of European Banks

This paper examines two questions: first, it invest igates the efficiency of the banking systems in eight European countries over th period 1994 to 2008 by using the production frontier methodology and following t he approach suggested in Mester (1996), we show that risk factors should be taken i nto account, otherwise inefficiency tends to be overstated. Another variable which is i ncluded in the estimation of bank efficiency is total assets, that controls for size. S cond, the paper explores the impact of different levels of efficiency on monetary polic y, through the bank lending channel using the GMM estimator methodology suggested in Ar ellano and Bond (1991). The results indicate that there is no apparent effect o n he operation of the bank lending channel when efficiency is included in the model.
Role of Antioxidants in Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury: New Therapeutic Approaches

Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage is an alarming health and economic problem in spite of the advances in neonatal care. It can cause mortality or detrimental neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, motor impairment and cognitive deficits in neonates. When hypoxia–ischemia occurs, a multi-faceted cascade of events starts out, which can eventually cause cell death. Lower levels of oxygen due to reduced blood supply increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress, a higher concentration of free cytosolic calcium and impaired mitochondrial function, triggering the activation of apoptotic pathways, DNA fragmentation and cell death. The high incidence of this type of lesion in newborns can be partly attributed to the fact that the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Since antioxidants can safely interact with free radicals and terminate that chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged, exogenous antioxidant therapy may have the potential to diminish cellular damage caused by hypoxia–ischemia. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective effects of antioxidant treatments against perinatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury, in the light of the most recent advances.
Cooperative Communications with Outage-Optimal Opportunistic Relaying

In this paper, we present simple opportunistic relaying with decode-and-forward (DaF) and amplify-and-forward (AaF) strategies under an aggregate power constraint. In particular, we consider distributed relay-selection algorithms requiring only local channel knowledge. We show that opportunistic DaF relaying is outage-optimal, that is, it is equivalent in outage behavior to the optimal DaF strategy that employs all potential relays. We further show that opportunistic AaF relaying is outage-optimal among single-relay selection methods and significantly outperforms an AaF strategy based on equal-power multiple-relay transmissions with local channel knowledge. These findings reveal that cooperation offers diversity benefits even when cooperative relays choose not to transmit but rather choose to cooperatively listen; they act as passive relays and give priority to the transmission of a single opportunistic relay. Numerical and simulation results are presented to verify our analysis.
Site-restricted expression of cytotactin during development of the chicken embryo

The sequential appearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, cytotactin, was examined during development of the chicken embryo by immunohistochemical techniques. Although cytotactin was identified as a molecule that mediates glia-neuron interactions, preliminary immunohistochemical localization of the molecule suggested that it was an ECM protein with a widespread but nonetheless more restricted distribution than either fibronectin or laminin. In the present study, it was found that cytotactin is first present in the gastrulating chicken embryo. It appears later in the basement membrane of the developing neural tube and notochord in a temporal sequence beginning in the cephalic regions and proceeding caudally. Between 2 and 3 d of development, the molecule is present at high levels in the early neural crest pathways (surrounding the neural tube and somites) but, in contrast to fibronectin and laminin, is not found in the lateral plate mesoderm or ectoderm. At later times, cytotactin is expressed extensively in the central nervous system, in lesser amounts in the peripheral nervous system, and in a number of nonneural sites, most prominently in all smooth muscles and in basement membranes of lung and kidney. Cytotactin appears in adult tissues with distributions that are similar to those seen in embryonic tissues. The findings raise the possibility that certain ECM proteins contribute to pattern formation in embryogenesis as a result of their restricted expression in a spatiotemporally regulated fashion at some sites but not at others.
BASIC Codes for Distributed Storage Systems

Distributed storage systems are composed by many unreliable storage nodes over a network. A data file is redundantly stored in multiple storage nodes to provide high reliability. Recently erasure codes with Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) property are gradually employed in distributed storage systems to reduce the cost of reliably storing large amounts of data. Regenerating codes are a class of erasure codes which can achieve the optimal trade-off between the storage capacity and the bandwidth needed to repair a failed node. However, one of the critical drawbacks of existing MDS erasure codes in general is the high coding and repair complexities, since the coding and repair processes involve expensive multiplication operations in a finite field. Binary Addition and Shift Implementable Cyclic-convolutional (BASIC) codes, which is a coding framework of linear codes with a binary cyclic code as the alphabet, were proposed recently with lower computational complexity by replacing a finite field multiplication by a cyclic-shift operation. This paper provides an overview of the existing results of BASIC codes, and proposes several interesting open problems about BASIC codes.
University of Huddersfield Repository Heuristic subset selection in classical planning

In this paper we present greedy methods for selecting a subset of heuristic functions for guiding A* search. Our methods are able to optimize various objective functions while selecting a subset from a pool of up to thousands of heuristics. Specif-ically, our methods minimize approximations of A*’s search tree size, and approximations of A*’s running time. We show empirically that our methods can outperform state-of-the-art planners for de-terministic optimal planning.
A preliminary feedback for the WCAG 2 . 0 : WCAG 1 . 0 Vs WCAG 2 . 0 evaluation study

This paper aims at giving some feedback about the usability of the very recently released second version of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0). This is done by examining a Web page and evaluating it with both WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 and commenting upon the results obtained and noting how this reflects upon the content and usability of WCAG 2.0. The outcome of this exercise offers a preliminary indication of the difficulties inherent in the content and the use of the guidelines, both in respect to the old and latest version.
Rapid erosion at the Tsangpo Knickpoint and exhumation of southeastern Tibet

1 CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND 9 2.1Geologic Setting , 9 2.2 Principles of Geochronology 11 CHAPTER 3 METHODS ~ 20 3.1Sample Collection 20 3.2 Mineral Separations , 20 3.3 Zircon Analysis , ,. , 22 3.4 Feldspar Analysis 24 CHAPTER 4RESULTS 26 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION , . 48 5.1 The Namche Barwa Massif. 48 5.2 Possible River Capture ·. 54
Cytokinin deficiency causes distinct changes of sink and source parameters in tobacco shoots and roots

Cytokinin deficiency causes pleiotropic developmental changes such as reduced shoot and increased root growth. It was investigated whether cytokinin-deficient tobacco plants, which overproduce different cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase enzymes, show changes in different sink and source parameters, which could be causally related to the establishment of the cytokinin deficiency syndrome. Ultrastructural analysis revealed distinct changes in differentiating shoot tissues, including an increased vacuolation and an earlier differentiation of plastids, which showed partially disorganized thylakoid structures later in development. A comparison of the ploidy levels revealed an increased population of cells with a 4C DNA content during early stages of leaf development, indicating an inhibited progression from G2 to mitosis. To compare physiological characteristics of sink leaves, source leaves and roots of wild-type and cytokinin-deficient plants, several photosynthetic parameters, content of soluble sugars, starch and adenylates, as well as activities of enzymes of carbon assimilation and dissimilation were determined. Leaves of cytokinin-deficient plants contained less chlorophyll and non-photochemical quenching of young leaves was increased. However, absorption rate, photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm and JCO2max) and efficiency (ΦCO2app), as well as the content of soluble sugars, were not strongly altered in source leaves, indicating that chlorophyll is not limiting for photoassimilation and suggesting that source strength did not restrict shoot growth. By contrast, shoot sink tissues showed drastically reduced contents of soluble sugars, decreased activities of vacuolar invertases, and a reduced ATP content. These results strongly support a function of cytokinin in regulating shoot sink strength and its reduction may be a cause of the altered shoot phenotype. Roots of cytokinin-deficient plants contained less sugar compared with wild-type. However, this did not negatively affect glycolysis, ATP content, or root development. It is suggested that cytokinin-mediated regulation of the sink strength differs between roots and shoots.
A METRICS SUITE FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN TO IMPROVE SOFTWARE QUALITY

Accurate prediction of fault prone modules in software development process enables effective discovery and identification of the defects. Specific models and algorithms referred to identify the fault proneness in a system. Such prediction models serve the large-scale systems, where verification experts need to focus on development process. The ability of software quality models to accurately identify critical components allows for the application of focused verification activities ranging from manual inspection to automated formal analysis methods. Software quality models, thus, help ensure the reliability of the delivered products. The basic hypothesis of software quality prediction is that a module currently under development is fault prone if a module with the similar product or process metrics in an earlier project (or release) developed in the same environment was fault prone. Therefore, the information available early is directly proportional.
Skin Hydration and Collagen Synthesis of AF-343 in HS68 Cell Line and NC/Nga Mice by Filaggrin Expression and Suppression of Matrix Metallopreteinase

Extract of Taraxacum platycarpum (AF-343) has been reported to have several biological properties such as skin hydration and anti-inflammatory effects. Although clinical evidences of skin hydration and antiinflammatory effect were proven in clinical trial, precise mechanism of skin hydration was not fully understood yet. In this study, we have focused skin hydration mechanism related filaggrin, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in vitro and animal study. Herein, skin hydration mechanism of AF-343 is due to recovery of filaggrin in mice model and increased production of collagen with suppression of matrix MMP in vitro fibroblast cell line.
AMMSE optimization for multiuser MISO systems with imperfect CSIT and perfect CSIR

In this paper, we consider the design of robust linear precoders for MU-MISO systems where users have perfect Channel State Information (CSI) while the BS has partial CSI. In particular, the BS has access to imperfect estimates of the channel vectors, in addition to the covariance matrices of the estimation error vectors. A closed-form expression for the Average Minimum Mean Square Error (AMMSE) is obtained using the second order Taylor Expansion. This approximation is used to formulate two fairness-based robust design problems: a maximum AMMSE-constrained problem and a power-constrained problem. We propose an algorithm based on convex optimization techniques to address the first problem, while the second problem is tackled by exploiting the close relationship between the two problems, in addition to their monotonie natures.
Reality portals

Through interactive augmented virtuality we provide the ability to interactively explore a remote space inside a virtual environment. This paper presents a tool and technique that can be used to create such virtual worlds that are augmented by video textures taken of real world objects. The system constructs and updates, in near real-time, a representation of the user-defined salient and relevant features of the real world. This technique has the advantage of constructing a virtual world that contains the relevant video-data of the real world, while maintaining the flexibility of a virtual world. The virtual-real world representation is not dependent on physical location and can be manipulated in a way not subject to the temporal, spatial, and physical constraints found in the real world. Another advantage is that spatializing the video-data may afford more intuitive examination.
Supervised prediction of drug–target interactions using bipartite local models

Motivation: In silico prediction of drug–target interactions from heterogeneous biological data is critical in the search for drugs for known diseases. This problem is currently being attacked from many different points of view, a strong indication of its current importance. Precisely, being able to predict new drug–target interactions with both high precision and accuracy is the holy grail, a fundamental requirement for in silico methods to be useful in a biological setting. This, however, remains extremely challenging due to, amongst other things, the rarity of known drug–target interactions. Results: We propose a novel supervised inference method to predict unknown drug–target interactions, represented as a bipartite graph. We use this method, known as bipartite local models to first predict target proteins of a given drug, then to predict drugs targeting a given protein. This gives two independent predictions for each putative drug–target interaction, which we show can be combined to give a definitive prediction for each interaction. We demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method in the prediction of four classes of drug–target interaction networks involving enzymes, ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and nuclear receptors in human. This enables us to suggest a number of new potential drug–target interactions. Availability: An implementation of the proposed algorithm is available upon request from the authors. Datasets and all prediction results are available at http://cbio.ensmp. fr/~yyamanishi/bipartitelocal/. Contact: kevbleakley@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Monocular passive range sensing using defocus information

Defocused monocular views of three-dimensional objects can be used to provide useful range information. In the sensing method presented in this paper two monocular views one highly defocused and the other well-focused are recorded and processed to yield multi-resolution estimates of range information. This method exploits all available a priori information relating to the topological and photometric properties of the object. Results of simulations using synthetic opaque objects are presented.
Molecular Mechanisms of Proline-Mediated Tolerance to Toxic Heavy Metals in Transgenic Microalgae

Pro has been shown to play an important role in ameliorating environmental stress in plants and microorganisms, including heavy metal stress. Here, we describe the effects of the expression of a mothbean Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that transgenic algae expressing the mothbean P5CS gene have 80% higher free-Pro levels than wild-type cells, grow more rapidly in toxic Cd concentrations (100 μM), and bind fourfold more Cd than wild-type cells. In addition, Cd-K edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies indicated that Cd does not bind to free Pro in transgenic algae with increased Pro levels but is coordinated tetrahedrally by sulfur of phytochelatin. In contrast to P5CS-expressing cells, Cd is coordinated tetrahedrally by two oxygen and two sulfur atoms in wild-type cells. Measurements of reduced/oxidized GSH ratios and analyses of levels of malondialdehyde, a product of the free radical damage of lipids, indicate that free Pro levels are correlated with the GSH redox state and malondialdehyde levels in heavy metal–treated algae. These results suggest that the free Pro likely acts as an antioxidant in Cd-stressed cells. The resulting increased GSH levels facilitate increased phytochelatin synthesis and sequestration of Cd, because GSH–heavy metal adducts are the substrates for phytochelatin synthase.
Ranked join indices

A plethora of data sources contain data entities that could be ordered according to a variety of attributes associated with the entities. Such orderings result effectively in a ranking of the entities according to the values in the attribute domain. Commonly, users correlate such sources for query processing purposes through join operations. In query processing, it is desirable to incorporate user preferences towards specific attributes or their values. A way to incorporate such preferences is by utilizing scoring functions that combine user preferences and attribute values and return a numerical score for each tuple in the join result. Then, a target query, which we refer to as top-k join query, seeks to identify the k tuples in the join result with the highest scores. We propose a novel technique, which we refer to as ranked join index, to efficiently answer top-k join queries for arbitrary, user specified, preferences and a large class of scoring functions. Our rank join index requires small space (compared to the entire join result) and provides guarantees for its performance. Moreover, our proposal provides a graceful tradeoff between its space requirements and worst case search performance. We supplement our analytical results with a thorough experimental evaluation using a variety of real and synthetic data sets, demonstrating that, in comparison to other viable approaches, our technique offers significant performance benefits.
Production of a recombinant newt growth hormone and its application for the development of a radioimmunoassay.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) growth hormone (nGH) was cloned from a cDNA library constructed from mRNAs of newt pituitary glands and was expressed in Escherichia coli. Based on Northern blot analysis using the cDNA as a probe, the nGH mRNA was estimated to be 940 bases in length. The recombinant nGH (nGHr) had a molecular mass of 22 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and possessed considerable bioactivity as determined in a Xenopus cartilage assay. Using the nGHr, we produced a polyclonal antibody against nGHr. Western blot analysis of newt anterior pituitary gland homogenates revealed that this antiserum specifically detected a single 22-kDa band, and histological studies of newt pituitary gland sections showed that the cells that reacted immunologically by the anti-nGHr antiserum corresponded to those stained by an antiserum against rat GH. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) that is specific and sensitive for nGH was developed, employing the antiserum thus produced. The sensitivity of the RIA was 57 +/- 7 pg/100 microl assay buffer. Interassay and intraassay coefficients of variation were 1.22 and 2.70%, respectively. Serial dilutions of plasma and pituitary homogenate of C. pyrrhogaster yielded dose-response curves that were parallel to the standard curve. Plasma from hypophysectomized newts showed no cross-reactivity. Moreover, displacement curves obtained using pituitary homogenates of the sword-tailed newt (C. ensicauda) and the crested newt (Triturus carnifex) were also parallel to the standard curve. Mammalian and frog GHs and prolactins (PRLs), as well as newt PRL, showed no inhibition of binding, even at relatively high doses, in this RIA. The RIA was used to measure GH released from newt pituitaries in vitro. Enhancement of GH release by 10(-7) M thyrotropin-releasing hormone was observed in cultures of newt pituitaries.
Market Structure and Competition in Airline Markets

We provide an econometric framework for estimating a game of simultaneous entry and pricing decisions while allowing for correlations between unobserved cost and demand shocks. We use our framework to account for selection in the pricing stage. We estimate the model using data from the US airline industry and find that not accounting for endogenous entry leads to biased estimation of demand elasticities. We simulate a merger between American and US Airways and find that product repositioning and postmerger outcomes depend on how we model the characteristics of the merged firm as a function of the premerger firms’ characteristics.
SideWays: a gaze interface for spontaneous interaction with situated displays

Eye gaze is compelling for interaction with situated displays as we naturally use our eyes to engage with them. In this work we present SideWays, a novel person-independent eye gaze interface that supports spontaneous interaction with displays: users can just walk up to a display and immediately interact using their eyes, without any prior user calibration or training. Requiring only a single off-the-shelf camera and lightweight image processing, SideWays robustly detects whether users attend to the centre of the display or cast glances to the left or right. The system supports an interaction model in which attention to the central display is the default state, while "sidelong glances" trigger input or actions. The robustness of the system and usability of the interaction model are validated in a study with 14 participants. Analysis of the participants' strategies in performing different tasks provides insights on gaze control strategies for design of SideWays applications.