Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The design and improvement of some typical controllers

In the modern industrial control field, the process of measurement and control of the physical variables is fit to the movement rule of classical dynamics and thermodynamics, and the majority controlled systems have the movement performance of classical dynamics, so a criterion controller is designed on the basic of classical dynamics equation; then the paper analyses that PID controller, state feedback controller, robust controller, inner model controller and GPC/MPC controller are identical in classical dynamics. And aiming at the limitation of controllerpsilas algorithm, the paper provides some methods that can improve performances and qualities of control system for control system design.
Nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an evaluation of a phase III study

ABSTRACT Lung cancer still remains associated with a high mortality rate and more efficacious therapies are needed in order to improve the disease outcome. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody which blocks the programmed death-1 receptor which is currently evaluated in phase III clinical trials in advanced lung cancer. Here, we evaluate the results of a phase III study in which nivolumab efficacy and safety were compared to those of docetaxel. Nivolumab was able to improve survival and progression-free survival and exhibited a very good safety profile. Further clinical data are needed in order to better position this therapy among the existing methods. The promising results support the use of this therapy as a stand-alone approach.
External Debt and Agricultural Production in Nigeria

Over time, Nigeria has experienced upsurge in external debt stock and several studies have estimated negative impact of growing external debt on economic growth. On sectoral basis therefore, our study proceeds to evaluate such impact of external debt on growth of agricultural production in Nigeria using time series data for the period of study 1980 to 2017. For this purpose, we utilized co-integration being test instrument and ECM to investigate link among variables used. The empirical results reveal that external debt failed to yield increase in output returns in agricultural productivity by its inverse association with agricultural output. This indicates that acquired external loans for agriculture within period of study were not optimally utilized for same resolve. Hence, we advise that Nigerian government should demonstrate sound commitment to effective debt management in order to ensure foreign loans are suitably channeled and healthily utilized for purpose acquired for as this would equally guarantee that the output returns would be sufficient for debt service obligation and balance to promote growth in other sectors of Nigerian economy.
Permanent scatterer InSAR reveals seasonal and long‐term aquifer‐system response to groundwater pumping and artificial recharge

Permanent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR™) provides a new high‐resolution methodology for detecting and precisely measuring long‐term and seasonal aquifer‐system response to pumping and recharge. In contrast to conventional InSAR, the permanent scatterer methodology utilizes coherent radar phase data from thousands of individual radar reflectors on the ground to develop displacement time series and to produce velocity field maps that depict aquifer‐system response with a high degree of spatial detail. In this study, we present the first results of a prototype study in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, that demonstrate how this methodology can be utilized in heavily pumped groundwater basins to analyze aquifer‐system response to long‐term and seasonal pumping. We have developed a series of velocity field maps of the valley for the 1992–1996, 1996–2000, and 2003–2005 time periods that show that despite rising water levels associated with an artificial recharge program, long‐term, residual, inelastic aquifer‐system compaction (subsidence) is continuing in several parts of the valley. In other areas, however, long‐term subsidence has been arrested and locally reversed. The seasonal, elastic responses to alternating pumping and recharge cycles were segregated from the long‐term trends and analyzed for spatial and temporal patterns. The results show oscillations in which the maximum seasonal responses are associated with the late stages of the annual artificial recharge cycles, and that similar seasonal subsidence signals are related to summer pumping cycles. The differentiation of the seasonal response through the use of time series data further allows the estimation of elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients, providing a basis for future work that could characterize the storage properties of an aquifer system with a high degree of spatial resolution.
CLIP-170 interacts with dynactin complex and the APC-binding protein EB1 by different mechanisms.

CLIP-170 is a "cytoplasmic linker protein" implicated in endosome-microtubule interactions and in control of microtubule dynamics. CLIP-170 localizes dynamically to growing microtubule plus ends, colocalizing with the dynein activator dynactin and the APC-binding protein EB1. This shared "plus-end tracking" behavior suggests that CLIP-170 might interact with dynactin and/or EB1. We have used site-specific mutagenesis of CLIP-170 and a transfection/colocalization assay to address this question in mammalian tissue culture cells. Our results indicate that CLIP-170 interacts, directly or indirectly, with both dynactin and EB1. We find that the CLIP-170/dynactin interaction is mediated by the second metal binding motif of the CLIP-170 tail. In contrast, the CLIP-170/EB1 interaction requires neither metal binding motif. In addition, our experiments suggest that the CLIP-170/dynactin interaction occurs via the shoulder/sidearm subcomplex of dynactin and can occur in the cytosol (i.e., it does not require microtubule binding). These results have implications for the targeting of both dynactin and EB1 to microtubule plus ends. Our data suggest that the CLIP-170/dynactin interaction can target dynactin complex to microtubule plus ends, although dynactin likely also targets MT plus ends directly via the microtubule binding motif of the p150(Glued) subunit. We find that CLIP-170 mutants alter p150(Glued) localization without affecting EB1, indicating that EB1 can target microtubule plus ends independently of dynactin.
Quantum contact in gold nanostructures by scanning tunneling microscopy.

This paper shows that the nanostructures deposited at room temperature in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments are produced by mechanical contact between tip and sample. Gold mounds are deposited in gold substrates and it is observed that the current flowing between tip and sample is quantized and the resistance can be as low as 100 \ensuremath{\Omega}.
Distribution of Citations Received by Scientific Papers Published in the Imaging Literature From 2001 to 2010: Decreasing Inequality and Polarization.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of citations received by scientific papers published in the imaging literature between 2001 and 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted the number of citations of all articles and reviews for 5 years after publication using the Scopus (Elsevier) citation database of imaging journals between 2001 and 2010. We quantitatively analyzed article and review citations from each journal and each year, including the number, proportion, and annual number of citations of the most- (≥ 20 citations) and least-cited (three or fewer citations) papers; ratio of most-cited to least-cited papers; 75/25 percentile citation ratio; 90/10 percentile citation ratio; Gini coefficient; and Kolkata index. RESULTS Our analysis of 124,331 articles and 13,575 reviews from 121 journals showed that the proportion of most-cited articles (from 19.6% to 27.1%) and reviews (from 19.1% to 37.2%) increased from 2001 to 2010, whereas the proportion of least-cited articles (from 32.3% to 23.0%) and reviews (from 31.9% to 15.8%) declined over the same period. The annual numbers of citations of most-cited articles and reviews both reached a peak in the fourth year after publication, whereas those of least-cited articles and reviews reached a peak in the second and fist years, respectively, after publication and thereafter decreased. The 75/25 percentile ratio for articles declined from 41.1 to 27.5 between 2001 and 2010. Over the same time, the 75/25 percentile ratio for reviews declined from 47.4 to 22.9. The 90/10 percentile ratio for articles declined from 1730.8 to 188.7; for reviews, the 90/10 percentile ratio declined from 5788.0 to 100.7. The Gini coefficient of articles and reviews also declined from 0.6116 to 0.5721 for articles and from 0.6507 to 0.5649 for reviews; the k index, from 0.7260 to 0.7088 for articles from 0.7409 to 0.7072 for reviews. CONCLUSION Inequality and polarization of citations consistently decreased in the imaging literature from 2001 to 2010.
Effect of Social Correlates on Employee Performance in Public Health Facilities, Turbo Sub County, Kenya

In this globalized era, organizations certainly require employees who are high achievers. This calls for a high demand for professionals with skills, hence organizations are virtually required to embrace their preferences through socially innovative practices. Civil service employees in Kenya, who include the Ministry of Health staff performance is below expectations thus service delivery is compromised. In this regard the current study was designed to assess the effect of social correlates on employees’ performance in the public health sector in Turbo Sub-County. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: To examine the effect of supervisors support on employee performance and to analyze the effect of employee participation on employee performance. Conservation of Resources Theory and Social Exchange Theory had the potential to provide a conceptual guide in maximizing employee performance. The study adopted a descriptive survey design based on samples drawn from across the public health facilities in Turbo Sub-County. The target population was 332. A two-stage sampling technique was adopted where cluster random sampling was used to select the Public health facilities after which simple random sampling were used to select respondents within the facilities. The study used Krejcie and Morgan table,(1970) to calculate the sample size which was 181 respondents. Data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done by use of both inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20. Results of multiple regressions revealed that social correlates jointly and independently influenced employee performance in public health facilities in Turbo Sub-County, Kenya. Jointly the two constructs namely supervisors support and employee participation contributed 51.4% of the variation in employee performance (Adjusted R Square = 0.514). There was a positive and significant correlation between supervisors support and employee participation was: r=. 660*, r= . 450* to employee performance. All these together led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that the management of public health facilities should pay high premiums in strategically formulating and implementing social correlates which can effectively galvanize employee motivation and performance. Social correlates should be bundled through mutually consistent policies to enhance their synergy in achieving high employee performance.
Review of Current Cell-Penetrating Antibody Developments for HIV-1 Therapy

The discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 has significantly reduced the global mortality and morbidity caused by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the therapeutic strategy of HAART that targets multiple viral proteins may render off-target toxicity and more importantly results in drug-resistant escape mutants. These have been the main challenges for HAART and refinement of this therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. Antibody-mediated treatments are emerging therapeutic modalities for various diseases. Most therapeutic antibodies have been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mainly for targeting cancers. Previous studies have also demonstrated the promising effect of therapeutic antibodies against HIV-1, but there are several limitations in this therapy, particularly when the viral targets are intracellular proteins. The conventional antibodies do not cross the cell membrane, hence, the pathogenic intracellular proteins cannot be targeted with this classical therapeutic approach. Over the years, the advancement of antibody engineering has permitted the therapeutic antibodies to comprehensively target both extra- and intra-cellular proteins in various infections and diseases. This review aims to update on the current progress in the development of antibody-based treatment against intracellular targets in HIV-1 infection. We also attempt to highlight the challenges and limitations in the development of antibody-based therapeutic modalities against HIV-1.
Characterization of anthrax toxin.

Abstract : An efficient preparative column chromatography procedure was developed which was adaptable to ultrafiltrate residue, crude filtrates, or batch collection. Yields of 80-85% of the initial biological activity were obtained in the fractions studied. The protective antigen-II and lethal factor- III fractions prepared by this method appeared to be pure by immunochemical analysis and disc electrophoresis, but they must be subjected to further analyses in order to meet the standard criteria of purity. The EF-I has been recorded only qualitatively in this presentation. A similar quantitative analysis for this substance by chromatography requires a more precise bioassay procedure. Free chromophore groups, seen in the dialysis filtrate, may be synthesized in excess of the protein moiety of the chromogen component. Since the chromagen and its chromophore are actively aggregating substances, they may act as absorption centers for other proteins and this capability may account for chromagen contamination in chromatographic fractions. The influence of chromagen upon the physiochemical behavior of those proteins is not known. The presence of considerable amounts of a basic polypeptide in these culture filtrates might contribute to aggregation with the more acidic chromagen or LF- III protein. While this aggregation might contribute to that observed in ultracentrifugal fractions (2), it apparently does not exert a significant effect upon column fractions from DEAE-cellulose. The basic protein is readily dissociated from acidic proteins by the ion-exchange procedure. In none of the preparations studied has there been evidence to indicate that the components responsible for lethality in the rat exist as a single chemical entity.
An investigation of significant factors affecting consumer trust in e -commerce

An Investigation Of Significant Factors Affecting Consumer Trust In E-Commerce by Changfeng Chen Dr. John T. Bowen, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Administration University o f Nevada Las Vegas The m ^or research goal of this dissertation was to identify the important factors that signihcantly influence the formation of a consumer's overall trust in a website. By collecting empirical data and applying multivariate statistical analysis, this study achieved this goal. The data for this study were collected through a web page-based survey. Principal component factor analysis was applied to obtain composite scores for some constructs measured with multiple items. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. A total of 6ve hypotheses with 20 factors were posited and tested in this study. Six factors were identiSed to have significant influence on the harmation of a consumer's overall trust in a website. These signiScant factors were reputation, website characteristics, service quality, overall satisfaction, perceived risk, and education. This study also examined other relationships as suggested in the model of consumer trust in e-commerce and determined that trust indeed have strong impact on two major dimensions of customer loyalty, purchase intention and likelihood of recommendation.
The More You Get –The More You Give: The Correlation between Organ Donation and Public Social Expenses.

Due to the constant shortage of organs but to an increase in need, many researchers from different countries have tried to estimate the various variables that can predict an individual's willingness to donate. The purpose of the study is to examine whether there is a correlation between the willingness to donate an organ or blood, and the degree of the society's investment in the welfare and health of its members in the OECD countries. Positive correlation was shown between a gap in the Gini index and expenditure on health and willingness to donate organs from the deceased. A similar ratio shows that the greater the gap in the Gini index, i.e. the state imposes a higher level of progressive tax, so the willingness to donate organs from the deceased increases and vice versa. Two other significant but negative correlations were found between the Gini index after tax and the willingness to donate organs from the deceased and between the expenditure from the pocket for health and the willingness to donate organs from the deceased. Since all countries are constantly looking for ways to increase the number of organ donors for transplants, both in legislation and in other ways, this study shows that it is also possible to assist in this lofty goal through economic policy. In our opinion, in the budgetary considerations of the distribution of resources among the different sectors of the population, decision-makers and opinion makers in the economy should take into account that narrowing economic gaps can also lead to narrowing the gaps between supply and demand regarding organ donation, thereby increasing the welfare and the health of the country's residents.
International conflicts and the United States stock market

This paper examines the impact of international conflicts on the United States stock market using daily data from January 2000 until February 2014. A crisis index is created to act as a proxy for perceived conflict risk. The empirical analysis consists of two parts, both the influence of conflicts on the aggregate market and the effect on individual stocks is determined. The impact of the crisis index on the market yields some unexpected and interesting results. An increase in the index is related to a higher market excess return and market volatility is not significantly influenced by a rise in the conflict-related news. A crosssectional analysis that uses a broad portfolio of stocks presents no evidence that conflict risk is priced. The stocks with different exposures to this risk do not have diverging returns.
Physical Insights on the Ambiguous Metal–Graphene Interface and Proposal for Improved Contact Resistance

The ambiguous behavior of metal-graphene interface has been addressed in this paper using density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. For the first time, the fundamental chemistry of metal-graphene interface, in particular role of sp-hybridized and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, has been emphasized and discussed in detail in this paper. It was discovered that the sp-hybridized sites at the edge of a graphene monolayer contribute to 40% of current conduction when compared with sp2-hybridized atom sites in the graphene-metal overlap region. Moreover, we highlighted the insignificance of an additional metal layer, i.e., sandwiched contact, due to lacking sp-hybridized carbon sites. A fundamental way of defining the contact resistance, while keeping chemical bonding in mind, has been proposed. The bonding insight has been further used to propose the novel ways of interfacing metal with graphene, which results in a 40% reduction in contact resistance.
Intracellular andin Vitro-Translated 27-kDa Proteins Contain the 3C-like Proteinase Activity of the Coronavirus MHV-A59

Abstract The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus-A59 (MHV-A59) encodes a serine-like proteinase (3C-like proteinase or 3CLpro) in ORF 1a of gene 1 between nucleotides 10209 and 11114. We previously have demonstrated that proteins expressedin vitrofrom a cDNA clone of the 3CLpro region possess proteinase activity, and that the proteinase is able to cleave substratein trans.We sought to determine if the 27-kDain vitrocleavage product (p27) was an active form of the 3CLpro and whether this was consistent with the 3CLpro expressed in virus-infected cells. Antibodies directed against the 3CLpro domain detected 27-kDa MHV proteinsin vitroand in MHV-A59-infected cells. The 27-kDa proteins were able to cleave substratein transwithout other protein cofactors or supplemental membranes, and the p27 proteinase activity was retained after purification by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis. When p27 was expressedin vitrowith portions of the amino- and carboxy-terminal flanking domains (MP1 and MP2), p27 was not liberated byciscleavage. The proteolytic activity of the 27-kDa proteins was inhibited by a variety of cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors, and was eliminated by the cysteine proteinase inhibitor E64d. These results indicate that the 27-kDa protein is a mature proteinase in MHV-A59-infected cells, and that appropriate processing of this molecule occursin vitro.
Fuzzification and Defuzzification Process in Genetically Evolved Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (GEFCMs)

This paper describes the fuzzification and defuzzification process in the framework of hybrid systems comprising Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). More specifically, it provides a stepwise methodology for fuzzification and defuzzification aiming at both an improved approach of the human reasoning pattern and an increase of the decision-making potentials. The fuzzification process is primarily based on producing fuzzy information provided by a group of experts. Each concept is analyzed into trapezoidal membership functions of either fixed or variable widths, with these intervals labeled and stored for the defuzzification process later on, during which the levels are matched according to the membership functions of each concept. The defuzzification process is more complicated than the fuzzification one and consists of four basic iterative stages: The Iteration, the Max-Min Average Computation, the Categorization and, finally, the Realization Inference Stage.
An Exploratory Study of Nurse Bag Use by Home Visiting Nurses

Although the bag of the home care nurse is functional and historical, there is limited information in the literature about its use and nurses’ preferences. This study analyzes how the bag is used, and examines comfort issues and preferences nurses have for this valuable tool. Implications for design and features are gained from this research as well as specific features to seek when choosing this important ergonomic tool.