Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Axonal transport of TDP-43 mRNA granules in neurons is impaired by ALS-causing mutations

Nael H. Alami#1, Rebecca B. Smith#1, Monica A. Carrasco2, Luis A. Williams3, Christina S. Winborn4, Steve S. W. Han3,5, Evangelos Kiskinis3, Brett Winborn1, Brian D. Freibaum1, Anderson Kanagaraj1, Alison J. Clare1, Nisha M. Badders1, Bilada Bilican6, Edward Chaum4, Siddharthan Chandran6, Christopher E. Shaw7, Kevin C. Eggan3, Tom Maniatis2, and J. Paul Taylor1,* 1Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA 3Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA 5Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 6Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK 7Departments of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration and Brain Injury, King's College London and King's Health Partners, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London SE5 8AF, UK # These authors contributed equally to this work.
The Proof Complexity of Polynomial Identities

Devising an efficient deterministic -- or even a non-deterministic sub-exponential time -- algorithm for testing polynomial identities is a fundamental problem in algebraic complexity and complexity at large. Motivated by this problem, as well as by results from proof complexity, we investigate the complexity of _proving_ polynomial identities. To this end, we study a class of equational proof systems, of varying strength, operating with polynomial identities written as arithmetic formulas over a given ring. A proof in these systems establishes that two arithmetic formulas compute the same polynomial, and consists of a sequence of equations between polynomials, written as arithmetic formulas, where each equation in the sequence is derived from previous equations by means of the polynomial-ring axioms. We establish the first non-trivial upper and lower bounds on the size of equational proofs of polynomial identities, as follows: 1. Polynomial-size upper bounds on equational proofs of identities involving symmetric polynomials and interpolation-based identities. In particular, we show that basic properties of the elementary symmetric polynomials are efficiently provable already in equational proofs operating with depth-4 formulas, over infinite fields. This also yields polynomial-size depth-4 proofs of the Newton identities, providing a positive answer to a question posed by Grigoriev and Hirsch [GH03]. 2. Exponential-size lower bounds on (full, unrestricted) equational proofs of identities over certain specific rings. 3. Exponential-size lower bounds on analytic proofs operating with depth-3 formulas, under a certain regularity condition. The ``analytic'' requirement is, roughly, a condition that forbids introducing arbitrary formulas in a proof and the regularity condition is an additional structural restriction. 4. Exponential-size lower bounds on one-way proofs (of unrestricted depth) over infinite fields. Here, one-way proofs are analytic proofs, in which one is also not allowed to introduce arbitrary constants. Furthermore, we determine basic structural characterizations of equational proofs, and consider relations with polynomial identity testing procedures. Specifically, we show that equational proofs efficiently simulate the polynomial identity testing algorithm provided by Dvir and Shpilka [DS04].
Mental health problems among 4–17-year-olds with hearing problems: results from a nationally representative study

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to characterize the risk of mental health problems among a representative sample of 6,310 4–17-year-olds, 147 of whom had parent-reported hearing problems. Methods: The study used data from the Young Minds Matter survey. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) assessed prevalence of mood, anxiety and behavioural disorders. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed social and emotional problems. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of having mental health problems adjusting for child factors (speech and language problems, global health, age and gender), family factors (family structure, parent income, education, financial strain and psychological distress) and school-related factors (bullying, school liking, school absence). Results: In unadjusted analyses, children and young people with hearing problems had substantially higher odds of most mental health problems. Hearing problems were not associated with any mental health problem among 4–11-year-olds after adjusting for other child factors. After adjustments for child, family and school-related factors, 12–17-year-olds with a hearing problem remained at greater risk of social phobia and generalized anxiety (DISC-IV), and of peer and emotional problems (SDQ). Conclusions: Clinicians caring for children and young people with hearing problems should be alert for heightened risk of specific mental health problems based on age and the nature of hearing problems. Understanding a wider range of correlates associated with the higher prevalence of mental health problems may allow health professionals to be more informed about the nature of mental health problems that are comorbid to hearing problems.
Local Navigation in Rough Terrain using Omnidirectional Height

Terrain perception is essential for navigation planning in rough terrain. In this paper, we propose to generate robotcentered 2D drivability maps from eight RGB-D sensors measuring the 3D geometry of the terrain 360deg around the robot. From a 2.5D egocentric height map, we assess drivability based on local height differences on multiple scales. The maps are then used for local navigation planning and precise trajectory rollouts. We evaluated our approach during the DLR SpaceBot Cup competition, where our robot successfully navigated through a challenging arena, and in systematic lab experiments.
Area distribution of the planar random loop boundary

We numerically investigate the area statistics of the outer boundary of planar random loops, on the square and triangular lattices. Our Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the underlying limit distribution is the Airy distribution, which was recently found to appear also as the area distribution in the model of self-avoiding loops.
The variability of methane, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride in Northeast India *

Abstract. High-frequency atmospheric measurements of methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) from Darjeeling, India are presented from December 2011 (CH 4 )/March 2012 (N 2 O and SF 6 ) through February 2013. These measurements were made on a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector and electron capture detector, and were calibrated on the Tohoku University, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)-98 and SIO-2005 scales for CH 4 , N 2 O and SF 6 , respectively. The observations show large variability and frequent pollution events in CH 4 and N 2 O mole fractions, suggesting significant sources in the regions sampled by Darjeeling throughout the year. By contrast, SF 6 mole fractions show little variability and only occasional pollution episodes, likely due to weak sources in the region. Simulations using the Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) particle dispersion model suggest that many of the enhancements in the three gases result from the transport of pollutants from the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plains of India to Darjeeling. The meteorology of the region varies considerably throughout the year from Himalayan flows in the winter to the strong south Asian summer monsoon. The model is consistent in simulating a diurnal cycle in CH 4 and N 2 O mole fractions that is present during the winter but absent in the summer and suggests that the signals measured at Darjeeling are dominated by large-scale (~100 km) flows rather than local (
Smart Nest Thermostat A Smart Spy in Your Home

The Nest Thermostat is a smart home automation device that aims to learn a user’s heating and cooling habits to help optimize scheduling and power usage. With its debut in 2011, Nest has proven to be such a success that Google spent $3.2B to acquire the company. However, the complexity of the infrastructure in the Nest Thermostat provides a breeding ground for security vulnerabilities similar to those found in other computer systems. To mitigate this issue, Nest signs firmware updates sent to the device, but the hardware infrastructure lacks proper protection, allowing attackers to install malicious software into the unit. Through a USB connection, we demonstrate how the firmware verification done by the Nest software stack can be bypassed, providing the means to completely alter the behavior of the unit. The compromised Nest Thermostat will then act as a beachhead to attack other nodes within the local network. Also, any information stored within the unit is now available to the attacker, who no longer has to have physical access to the device. Finally, we present a solution to smart device architects and manufacturers aiding the development and deployment of a secure hardware platform.
Effective File Sharing Mechanism with Network Coding in Wireless Mesh Networks

This paper considers a file sharing system in a wireless Mesh network. To deal with, we apply opportunistic random linear network coding to develop an efficient file sharing mechanism. Within this mechanism, every node transmits random linear combination of its packets according to its priority which is computed in a distributed manner according to its possible contribution to other nodes. We show through extensive simulation that with our mechanism, the nodes can share the entire file, in the network, with minimum transmissions times and delay comparing to the current transmission process in wireless mesh network without random linear network.
Evaluation of an ultra-wide-band propagation channel

This paper describes the results of an ultra-wideband (UWB) propagation study in which arrays of propagation measurements were made. After a description of the propagation measurement technique, an approach to the spatial and temporal decomposition of an array of measurements into wavefronts impinging on the receiving array is presented. Based on a modification of the CLEAN algorithm, this approach provides estimates of time-of-arrival, angle-of-arrival, and waveform shape. This technique is applied to 14 arrays of indoor propagation measurements made in an office/laboratory building. Statistical description of the results is presented, based on a clustering model for multipath effects. The parameters of these statistical models are compared to results derived for narrowband signal propagation in the indoor environment.
Addressing Missing Attributes during Data Mining Using Frequent Itemsets and Rough Set Based Predictions

In this paper, we present an improved method for predicting missing attribute values in data sets. We make use of frequent itemsets, generated from the association rules algorithm, displaying the correlations between different items in a set of transactions. In particular, we consider a database as a set of transactions and each data instance as an itemset. Then frequent itemsets can be used as a knowledge base to predict missing attribute values. Our approach integrates the RSFit method based on rough sets theory that produces faster predictions by considering similarities of attribute value pairs, but only for those attributes contained in the core or reduct of the data set. Using empirical studies on UCI and other real world data sets, we demonstrate a significant increase in prediction accuracy obtained from our new integrated approach, referred to as ItemRSFit.
Design a decoupled receiver with one dual - polarized antenna to cancel CCI for GSM network

The capacity of the popular GSM network is limited by co-channel interference (CCI) rather than noise. Nowadays, some solutions such as a receiver with multiple antennas (MIMO) or a receiver with single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) have been applied to cancel the CCI as well as to improve the network capacity. According to this paper, a novel receiver system with only one dual-polarized antenna is introduced. The proposed system has some dominant characteristics than above systems. Actually, it has lower cost and volume than a MIMO system, whereas its performance is better than that of a SAIC system due to the additional polarization diversity.
In pursuit of social democracy: Shena Simon and the reform of secondary education in England, 1938–1948

Abstract Shena Simon (1883–1972), a leading English socialist and educationist, actively called for the reform of secondary education in the 1930s and 1940s in order to bring the ideal of ‘equality of opportunity’ into the English educational system. This paper explores the continuity and changes in Simon’s proposed reforms in relation to her ideals of social democracy from the appearance of the Spens Report (1938) to the publication of her book, Three Schools or One? (1948). In addition, Simon’s transnational visits to the Soviet Union, the USA and Scotland, as well as the impact of her international and comparative perspectives on different educational systems on her policy agenda, are also examined. It concludes that as many policy issues shown in the current paper continue to be debated, Simon’s democratic ideals and discourses are still relevant in the present and suggest implications for the future of secondary education in England.
Beyond the Canon: Within-Plant and Population-Level Heterogeneity in Jasmonate Signaling Engaged by Plant-Insect Interactions

Plants have evolved sophisticated communication and defense systems with which they interact with insects. Jasmonates are synthesized from the oxylipin pathway and act as pivotal cellular orchestrators of many of the metabolic and physiological processes that mediate these interactions. Many of these jasmonate-dependent responses are tissue-specific and translate from modulations of the canonical jasmonate signaling pathway. Here we provide a short overview of within-plant heterogeneities in jasmonate signaling and dependent responses in the context of plant-insect interactions as illuminated by examples from recent work with the ecological model, Nicotiana attenuata. We then discuss means of manipulating jasmonate signaling by creating tissue-specific jasmonate sinks, and the micrografting of different transgenic plants. The metabolic phenotyping of these manipulations provides an integrative understanding of the functional significance of deviations from the canonical model of this hormonal pathway. Additionally, natural variation in jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling both among and within species can explain polymorphisms in resistance to insects in nature. In this respect, insect-guided explorations of population-level variations in jasmonate metabolism have revealed more complexity than previously realized and we discuss how different “omic” techniques can be used to exploit the natural variation that occurs in this important signaling pathway.
Understanding social identity and moral behaviour in competitive youth ice hockey: A narrative perspective

An important component of young athletes’ self-concept is the identities they form through their membership on sport teams – their social identities. Social identity has been found to play a salient role in regulating teammate behavior in youth participating in a range of sports (Bruner, Boardley, & Cote, 2014). This study aimed to better understand how social identity can influence moral behaviour specifically in competitive youth ice hockey. Thirty-six male and female competitive youth ice hockey players ( M age = 12.4, SD =1.7) participated in narrative interviews. Four team roles (team captain, verbal cheer leader, social captain, most aggressive player) as identified by the head coach were purposefully sampled from nine teams. Athletes participated in a semi-structured interview near the beginning and end of the regular season. Narrative analysis confirmed that the four team roles were distinct from one another, highlighting unique characteristics for each role with respect to social identity, team norms and moral behaviour toward teammates and opponents. For example, while each of the roles reported identifying strongly with their respective team, the most aggressive role athletes often felt underappreciated and frustrated and this prompted them to act antisocially toward opponents. Collectively, the findings suggest that athletes’ roles, and their social identities developed through team membership may influence young athletes’ compliance and promotion of team norms, and their moral behaviour toward teammates and opponents. Additionally, the results indicate that youth-sport coaches and practitioners should be cognizant of how different roles on a team may impact social identity, norm compliance and moral behaviour. Acknowledgments: The project is supported by an Insight Development Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC 430—2013-00950).
The Development and Evaluation of a Speech-to-Sign Translation System to Assist Transactions

The design, development, and evaluation of an experimental translation system that aims to aid transactions between a deaf person and a clerk in a post office (PO) is described. The system uses a speech recognizer to recognize speech from a PO clerk and then synthesizes recognized phrases in British Sign language (BSL) using a specially developed avatar. The main objective in developing this prototype system was to determine how useful it would be to a customer whose first language was BSL, and to discover what areas of the system required more research and development to make it more effective. The system was evaluated by 6 prelingually profoundly deaf people and 3 PO clerks. Deaf users and PO clerks were supportive of the system, but the former group required a higher quality of signing from the avatar and the latter a system that was less constrained in the phrases it could recognize; both these areas are being addressed in the next phase of development.
Nonlinear eigenvalue problems: a challenge for modern eigenvalue methods

We discuss the state of the art in numerical solution methods for large scale polynomial or rational eigenvalue problems. We present the currently available solution methods such as the Jacobi‐Davidson, Arnoldi or the rational Krylov method and analyze their properties. We briefly introduce a new linearization technique and demonstrate how it can be used to improve structure preservation and with this the accuracy and efficiency of linearization based methods. We present several recent applications where structured and unstructured nonlinear eigenvalue problems arise and some numerical results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EOG-based drowsiness detection using convolutional neural networks

This study provides a new application of convolutional neural networks for drowsiness detection based on electrooculography (EOG) signals. Drowsiness is charged to be one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Such application is helpful to reduce losses of casualty and property. Most attempts at drowsiness detection based on EOG involve a feature extraction step, which is accounted as time-consuming task, and it is difficult to extract effective features. In this paper, an unsupervised learning is proposed to estimate driver fatigue based on EOG. A convolutional neural network with a linear regression layer is applied to EOG signals in order to avoid using of manual features. With a postprocessing step of linear dynamic system (LDS), we are able to capture the physiological status shifting. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by the correlation coefficients between the final outputs and the local error rates of the subjects. Compared with the results of a manual ad-hoc feature extraction approach, our method is proven to be effective for drowsiness detection.
A Head-Wearable Short-Baseline Stereo System for the Simultaneous Estimation of Structure and Motion

This paper presents a short-baseline real-time stereo vision system that is capable of the simultaneous and robust estimation of the ego-motion and of the 3D structure and the independent motion of thousands of points of the environment. Kalman lters estimate the position and velocity of world points in 3D Euclidean space. The six degrees of freedom of the ego-motion are obtained by minimizing the projection error of the current and previous clouds of static points. Experimental results with real data in indoor and outdoor environments demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and eciency of our approach. Since the baseline is as short as 13cm, the device is head-mountable, and can be used by a visually impaired person. Our proposed system can be used to augment the perception of the user in complex dynamic environments.
OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETER SETTINGS FOR MULTILEVEL IMAGE SEGMENTATION IN GEOBIA

: In geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) segmentation plays a key role since all consequent classification steps depend on its quality. For evaluating the quality empirical discrepancy and goodness methods are available. However, when optimizing parameter settings certain criteria have to be fulfilled, this in order to effectively facilitate the first step in GEOBIA. Besides being objective by making use of statistical methods the approach applied should optimize per class or group of classes, account for all degrees of freedom, use small parameter increments, and be preferably automated. The study presented in this paper combines a newly introduced ‘area fitness rate’ as a discrepancy method with an ‘objective function’ as a goodness method. By fulfilling the above criteria it is, amongst others, possible to follow the multilevel approach. Very similar results obtained for five different study sites demonstrate that the parameter settings found are indeed optimized. A visual check strengthens this finding further.
The TÜBİTAK statistical machine translation system for IWSLT 2012

We describe the T ¨ UBsubmission to the IWSLT 2012 Evaluation Campaign. Our system development focused on utilizing Bayesian alignment methods such as varia- tional Bayes and Gibbs sampling in addition to the standard GIZA++ alignments. The submitted tracks are the Arabic- English and Turkish-English TED Talks translation tasks.
Environmental Modeling for Automated Cloud Application Testing

Platforms such as Windows Azure let applications conduct data-intensive cloud computing. Unit testing can help ensure high-quality development of such applications, but the results depend on test inputs and the cloud environment's state. Manually providing various test inputs and cloud states is laborious and time-consuming. However, automated test generation must simulate various cloud states to achieve effective testing. To address this challenge, a proposed approach models the cloud environment and applies dynamic symbolic execution to generate test inputs and cloud states. Applying this approach to open-source Azure cloud applications shows that it can achieve high structural coverage.