Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cluster Individuals Based on Phenotype and Determine the Risk for Atrial Fibrillation in the PREVEND and Framingham Heart Study Populations

Background Risk prediction of atrial fibrillation (AF) is of importance to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of AF. Latent class analysis takes into account the possible existence of classes of individuals each with shared risk factors, and maybe a better method of incorporating the phenotypic heterogeneity underlying AF. Methods and findings Two prospective community-based cohort studies from Netherlands and United States were used. Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study, started in 1997, and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort started in 1971, both with 10-years follow-up. The main objective was to determine the risk of AF using a latent class analysis, and compare the discrimination and reclassification performance with traditional regression analysis. Mean age in PREVEND was 49±13 years, 49.8% were men. During follow-up, 250(3%) individuals developed AF. We built a latent class model based on 18 risk factors. A model with 7 distinct classes (ranging from 341 to 1517 individuals) gave the optimum tradeoff between a high statistical model-likelihood and a low number of model parameters. All classes had a specific profile. The incidence of AF varied; class 1 0.0%, class 2 0.3%, class 3 7.5%, class 4 0.2%, class 5 1.3%, class 6 4.2%, class 7 21.7% (p<0.001). The discrimination (C-statistic 0.830 vs. 0.842, delta-C -0.013, p = 0.22) and reclassification (IDI -0.028, p<0.001, NRI -0.090, p = 0.049, and category-less-NRI -0.049, p = 0.495) performance of both models was comparable. The results were successfully replicated in a sample of the FHS study (n = 3162; mean age 58±9 years, 46.3% men). Conclusions Latent class analysis to build an AF risk model is feasible. Despite the heterogeneity in number and severity of risk factors between individuals at risk for AF, latent class analysis produces distinguishable groups.
Apprentissage par renforcement (3)

L’Apprentissage par Renforcement (AR) consiste a apprendre quoi faire, comment associer des actions a des situations, afin de maximiser quantitativement une recompense. On ne dit pas a l’apprenant quelle action faire, mais au lieu de cela, il doit decouvrir quelles actions donnent le plus de recompense en les essayant. Dans le cas le plus interessant, des actions peuvent affecter non seulement les recompenses immediates mais aussi la situation suivante, et par la, les recompenses a plus long terme. Ces deux proprietes – recherche par essai-erreur et recompense a long terme – sont les deux caracteristiques les plus importantes de l’apprentissage par renforcement.
A Stochastic Model of Channel Correlation in MIMO Systems

This paper presents a simple stochastic model of MIMO channel for Monte Carlo simulation. This model includes a partial correlation between the paths in the channel. The authors substantiated the way of achieving proper correlation coefficients according to the proposed solution. The input parameter to the proposed model is either a full correlation matrix for the channel obtained from the physical channels measurements or an arbitrary set. The paper comprises also a comparison with popular channel models (Kronecker, Weichselberger) and the comparison of BER performances and average mutual information obtained for channels generated according to mentioned models.
Massive Machine-Type Communications and Revival of ALOHA

In this paper, we provide an overview of recent developments in the domain of Machine-Type Communications (MTC) for current and next-generation wireless cellular systems. We describe existing MTC standards and discuss in more detail the necessity of novel solutions for massive access of machinetype devices to the mobile cellular network. In particular, we focus on recent developments in the domain of ALOHA-based random access, known as Coded Slotted ALOHA (CSA). We review recent results that show CSA is capable of dramatically increasing the throughput of ALOHA-based schemes, both in single base-station and multi-base station scenarios, making CSA one of the suitable candidates for future MTC. Keywords-component; random access; ALOHA; mobile cellular networks; 5G
Estrogen—Progesterone Withdrawal Bleeding in Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an exogenous estrogen‐progesterone preparation for inducing “withdrawal bleeding” in non‐pregnant women, a procedure used in some areas for the diagnosis of early pregnancy. Three hundred patients not desiring to be pregnant and with no signs of pregnancy other than menses delayed by 14 days or less were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. The treatment group received an intramuscular injection of 50 mg progesterone and 3 mg oestradiol benzoate in oil. The control group received no hormonal injection. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of uterine bleeding within 7 days. Thus, the hormonal preparation was ineffective in inducing “withdrawal bleeding”. Its use as a diagnostic test for pregnancy is not recommended.
Guaranteed-cost control for a class of stochastic systems with time delay

The problem of finite-time guaranteed cost control of a class of stochastic systems is concerned in this paper. First, the class of stochastic systems is driven by Brownian motion. Second, a new definition of guaranteed cost control is provided, which is concerned on both the mathematic expectation and the time of the operation of the system. Third, some sufficient conditions are obtained by in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can guarantee the requirements of the provided performance criterion.
Generalizing preference elicitation in combinatorial auctions

Combinatorial auctions where agents can bid on bundles of items are desirable because they allow the agents to express complementarity and substitutability between the items. However, expressing one's preferences can require bidding on all bundles. Selective incremental preference elicitation by the auctioneer was recently proposed to address this problem but the idea was not experimentally validated. This paper evaluates several approaches and finds that in many cases, automated elicitation is in fact beneficial: as the number of items for sale increases, the amount of information elicited is a small and diminishing fraction of the information collected in traditional "direct revelation mechanisms" where bidders reveal all their valuation information. In forward auctions, the benefit is slightly reduced by increasing the number of agents, while in reverse auctions the benefit increases with both agents and items. The exception is with rank-based elicitors, which limit themselves to eliciting the next-best bundle: these do not scale as the number of agents grows.A full-length version of this paper is on-line at: http://www.cs. cmu.edu/~sandholm/generalizing03.pdf
Spatial and temporal dynamics of cortical networks engaged in memory encoding and retrieval

Memory operations such as encoding and retrieval require the coordinated interplay of cortical regions with distinct functional contributions. The mechanistic nature of these interactions, however, remains unspecified. During the performance of a face memory task during fMRI scanning, we measured the magnitude (a measure of the strength of coupling between areas) and phase (a measure of the relative timing across areas) of coherence between regions of interest and the rest of the brain. The fusiform face area (FFA) showed robust coherence with a distributed network of subregions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), precuneus, and hippocampus across both memory operations. While these findings reveal significant overlap in the cortical networks underlying mnemonic encoding and retrieval, coherence phase analyses revealed context-dependent differences in cortical dynamics. During both encoding and retrieval, PFC and PPC exhibited earlier activity than in the FFA and hippocampus. Also, during retrieval, PFC activity preceded PPC activity. These findings are consistent with prior physiology studies suggesting an early contribution of PFC and PPC in mnemonic control. Together, these findings contribute to the growing literature exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of basic memory operations.
Compressive Sensing with Applications to Millimeter-wave Architectures

To make the system available at low-cost, millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures employ analog arrays, which are driven by a limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains. One primary challenge of using large hybrid analog-digital arrays is that the digital baseband cannot directly access the signal to/from each antenna. To address this limitation, recent research has focused on retransmissions, iterative precoding, and subspace decomposition methods. Unlike these approaches that exploited the channel’s low-rank, in this work we exploit the sparsity of the received signal at both the transmit/receive antennas. While the signal itself is de facto dense, it is well-known that most signals are sparse under an appropriate choice of basis. By delving into the structured compressive sensing (CS) framework and adapting them to variants of the mmWave hybrid architectures, we provide methodologies to recover the analog signal at each antenna from the (low-dimensional) digital signal. Moreover, we characterizes the minimal numbers of measurement and RF chains to provide this recovery, with high probability. We discuss their applications to common variants of the hybrid architecture. By leveraging the inherent sparsity of the received signal, our analysis reveals that a hybrid MIMO system can be "turned into" a fully digital one: the number of needed RF chains increases logarithmically with the number of antennas.
Automated segmentation of neural canal opening and optic cup in 3D spectral optical coherence tomography volumes of the optic nerve head.

PURPOSE To develop an automated approach for segmenting the neural canal opening (NCO) and cup at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM) complex in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volumes. To investigate the correspondence and discrepancy between the NCO-based metrics and the clinical disc margin on fundus photographs of glaucoma subjects. METHODS SD-OCT scans and corresponding stereo fundus photographs of the optic nerve head were obtained from 68 eyes of 34 patients with glaucoma or glaucoma suspicion. Manual planimetry was performed by three glaucoma experts to delineate a reference standard (RS) for cup and disc margins from the images. An automated graph-theoretic approach was used to identify the NCO and cup. NCO-based metrics were compared with the RS. RESULTS Compared with the RS disc margin, the authors found mean unsigned and signed border differences of 2.81 ± 1.48 pixels (0.084 ± 0.044 mm) and -0.99 ± 2.02 pixels (-0.030 ± 0.061 mm), respectively, for NCO segmentation. The correlations of the linear cup-to-disc (NCO) area ratio, disc (NCO) area, rim area, and cup area of the algorithm with the RS were 0.85, 0.77, 0.69, and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In most eyes, the NCO-based 2D metrics, as estimated by the novel automated graph-theoretic approach to segment the NCO and cup at the level of the RPE/BM complex in SD-OCT volumes, correlate well with RS. However, a small discrepancy exists in NCO-based anatomic structures and the clinical disc margin of the RS in some eyes.
Decentralized Relative Navigation for Formation Flying Spacecraft using Augmented CDGPS 1

Chan-Woo Park is a Postdoctoral Associate in the Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. He received his BS from Seoul National University and MS and Ph.D. in the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University. His research involves the use of GPS for autonomous navigation. Philip Ferguson is a Research Assistant in the Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. He received his B.A.Sc from the University of Toronto. While studying in Toronto, he worked for MDRobotics, developing the robots for the International Space Station. His research involves the distributed control architectures for space applications. Nick Pohlman is a Research Assistant in the Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. He received his BS from the University of Dayton. His research involves the use of GPS as a sensor for multiple vehicle coordination and control. Jonathan How is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. He received his B.A.Sc (1987) from the University of Toronto, and SM (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from MIT, both in the Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research involves the use of GPS for autonomous navigation and control.
A New Approach for Flexible Document Categorization

— In this paper we propose a new approach for flexible document categorization according to the document type or genre instead of topic. Our approach implements two homogenous classifiers: contextual classifier and logical classifier. The contextual classifier is based on the document URL, whereas, the logical classifier use the logical structure of the document to perform the categorization. The final categorization is obtained by combining contextual and logical categorizations. In our approach, each document is assigned to all predefined categories with different membership degrees. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach is best than other genre categorization approaches.
(E)-(4-Bromobenzylidene)amino cyclopropanecarboxylate

In the title compound, C11H10BrNO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene and cyclopropane ring planes is 49.4 (3)°. The C—C—N—O torsion angle is −175.1 (3)°, which indicates that the C=N double bond is in the E configuration.
Monetary Policy Rules and Financial Stress: Does Financial Instability Matter for Monetary

We examine whether and how main central banks responded to episodes of financial stress over the last three decades. We employ a new methodology for monetary policy rules estimation, which allows for time-varying response coefficients as well as corrects for endogeneity. This flexible framework applied to the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada and Sweden together with a new financial stress dataset developed by the International Monetary Fund allows not only testing whether the central banks responded to financial stress but also detects the periods and type of stress that were the most worrying for monetary authorities and to quantify the intensity of policy response. Our findings suggest that central banks often change policy rates: mainly decreasing it in the face of high financial stress. However, the size of a policy response varies substantially over time as well as across countries, with the 2008-2009 financial crisis being the period of the most severe and generalized response. With regards to the specific components of financial stress, most central banks seemed to respond to stock market stress and bank stress, while exchange rate stress is found to drive the reaction of central banks only in more open economies.
A camera phone based currency reader for the visually impaired

In this paper we present a camera phone-based currency reader for the visually impaired that can identify the value of U.S. paper currency. Currently, U.S. paper currency can only be identified visually and this situation will continue for a foreseeable future. Our solution harvests the imaging and computational power on camera phones to read these bills. Considering it is impractical for the visually impaired to capture high quality image, our currency reader performs real time processing for each captured frame as the camera approaches the bill. We developed efficient background subtraction and perspective correction algorithms and trained our currency reader using an efficient Ada-boost framework. Our currency reader processes 10 frames/second and achieves a false positive rate of approximately 1/10000. Major smart phone platforms, including Symbian and Windows Mobile, are supported.
Light-Emitting Dehalogenases: Reconstruction of Multifunctional Biocatalysts

To obtain structural insights into the emergence of biological functions from catalytically promiscuous enzymes, we reconstructed an ancestor of catalytically distinct, but evolutionarily related, haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5) and Renilla luciferase (EC 1.13.12.5). This ancestor has both hydrolase and monooxygenase activities. Its crystal structure solved to 1.39 A resolution revealed the presence of a catalytic pentad conserved in both dehalogenase and luciferase descendants and a molecular oxygen bound in between two residues typically stabilizing a halogen anion. The differences in the conformational dynamics of the specificity-determining cap domains between the ancestral and descendant enzymes were accessed by molecular dynamics and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Stopped-flow analysis revealed that the alkyl enzyme intermediate formed in the luciferase-catalyzed reaction is trapped by blockage of a hydrolytic reaction step. A single-point mutation (Ala54Pro) adjacent to one of.
Summarizing Human Activity in Video ∗

We propose a solution for detecting and summarizing human activities from a large amount of video. A video is divided into short segments(called stories), and a set of simple motion/image features are computed for each image frame. Prototypical elementary action patterns(called action events) is constructed by vector quantization on these features.A bipartite graph is constructed by taking stories and action events as nodes, and the co-occurrence relationship between them as the graph edges.We compute an optimal reordering of the video story and the action event nodes so that they are in maximum correlation with each other. The optimal mapping between the stories and action events leads to a grouping and ordering of the video stories into activity patterns. The corresponding ordering on the action events reveals their characteristic features. Experimental results are shown a hospital surveillance video.
Impact of Speaker Variability on Speech Perception in Non-Native Listeners

This study investigates the perception of English words produced by 45 native talkers presented in moderate noise to native Norwegian listeners. The relative intelligibility of individual talkers is compared with that obtained for native listeners in order to determine whether inherent talker clarity is determined by global acoustic-phonetic characteristics. Talker intelligibility was strongly correlated across native and non-native listeners; there was also strong correlation across groups as to the lexical items most often misperceived. Word intelligibility for both was correlated with certain acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the talker’s productions, including amount of energy in the mid-frequency region and mean word duration.
Reconstruction of a CAD model from the deformed mesh using B-spline surfaces

ABSTRACT For several years, researchers have focused on Reverse Engineering techniques, which generate the geometric model of an object from a point set, a mesh, a triangulation, etc. These data are provided by 3D scanners, three-dimensional Coordinate Measuring Machines, finite elements results, deformed meshes, etc. In this field, the reconstruction of the Computer Aided Design (CAD) model from a deformed mesh remains a challenge. This CAD model can be used in order to visualize 3D objects that were scanned and approximate their shapes by mathematical formulations. It can represent the geometric support for many other activities (analysis, manufacturing, assembly, etc.). In this paper, we propose a method to rebuild the CAD geometry model from a deformed mesh. This approach is based on the B-Spline formulation for rebuilding the CAD model entities (faces, edges and vertices) from those extracted from the deformed mesh (triangulations, arcs, nodes). The reconstruction is based on the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm as a method for the interpolation/approximation. An illustration of the developed method is proposed discussed at the end of this paper.
Self-similar shocked accretion of collisional gas with radiative cooling

We describe similarity solutions that characterize the collapse of collisional gas on to scale-free perturbations in an Einstein–de Sitter universe. We consider the effects of radiative cooling and derive self-similar solutions under the assumption that the cooling function is a power law of density and temperature, Λ(T,ρ)∝ρ3/2T. We use these results to test the ability of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) techniques to follow the collapse and accretion of shocked, rapidly cooling gas in a cosmological context. Our SPH code reproduces the analytical results very well in cases that include or exclude radiative cooling. No substantial deviations from the predicted central mass accretion rates or from the temperature, density and velocity profiles are observed in well-resolved regions inside the shock radius. This test problem lends support to the reliability of SPH techniques to model the complex process of galaxy formation.
Streptomycin inhibition of myogenic tone, K+‐induced force and block of L‐type calcium current in rat cerebral arteries

1 Streptomycin has been demonstrated to inhibit mechanosensitive conductances in a wide variety of cell types, including muscle. The action of streptomycin on rat cerebral arteries that exhibit pressure‐induced myogenic response was investigated. 2 Pressure‐induced tone, measured using isobaric myography, in isolated pressurized cerebral arteries was reversibly and concentration‐dependently inhibited by streptomycin with an IC50 of 2.6 mM. 3 Isometric K+‐induced force, measured using isometric myography, is supported by voltage‐gated Ca2+ entry. Streptomycin reversibly and concentration‐dependently inhibited isometric force with an IC50 of 1.71 mM. 4 Voltage‐gated macroscopic inward Ca2+ channel currents were recorded from freshly isolated rat basilar myocytes. These were reversibly and concentration‐dependently inhibited by streptomycin with an IC50 of 1.79 and 0.47 mM when 10 and 1.8 mM CaCl2, respectively, was used as the charge carrier. 5 These data suggest that streptomycin inhibits myogenic tone and K+‐induced isometric force largely by blockade of L‐type, dihydropyridine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels. In conclusion, streptomycin is not useful in the investigation of stretch‐activated channels which may underlie the myogenic response of rat small cerebral arteries.
Cell Envelope Changes in Solvent-Tolerant and Solvent-Sensitive Pseudomonas putida Strains following Exposure to o-Xylene

Solvent-tolerant and -sensitive Pseudomonas putida strains were studied to determine their cell envelope changes following exposure to o-xylene. Both strains produced trans-unsaturated fatty acids. The tolerant strain showed an increase in total fatty acids, an increase in saturated fatty acids, and modified lipopolysaccharide. It is suggested that these envelope modifications aid in survival at high concentrations of organic solvents.