Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF QUALIFICATION LEVEL ON SOCCER MATCH COACH BEHAVIOUR: A MIXED METHODS STUDY

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of English Football Association (FA) qualification level on coaches’ behaviours during soccer matches using a mixed methods approach. Coaches qualified by the FA at level 1 ( n =5), level 2 ( n =5), Union of European Football Associations B (UEFA B) ( n =5) and UEFA A ( n =5) agreed to participate. A grand total of 57,384 behaviours were recorded using the coach analysis intervention system and subsequently each coach was interviewed for a mean duration of 29±11 minutes. Level 1 and level 2 qualified coaches used convergent questions at a higher percentage of total behaviours in comparison to UEFA B and UEFA A licenced coaches ( p <.05). UEFA A licenced coaches used scolds at a higher percentage of total behaviours when compared to level 1 qualified coaches ( p <.05). Qualification level had no effect on coaches’ rationale for using the behaviours they did. Collectively, these results may indicate that coaches with higher qualifications have higher expectations of player’s performance. However, this effect could be attributed to performance standard differences, as highly qualified coaches tend to work with players who compete for teams of higher performance standard. Article visualizations:
Model Adaptation Approach to Speech Synthesis with Diverse Voices and Styles

In human computer interaction and dialogue systems, it is often desirable for text-to-speech synthesis to be able to generate natural sounding speech with an arbitrary speaker's voice and with varying speaking styles and/or emotional expressions. We have developed an average-voice-based speech synthesis method using statistical average voice models and model adaptation techniques for this purpose. In this paper, we describe an overview of the speech synthesis system and show the current performance with several experimental results.
A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal

With an aim towards understanding the time-dependence of entanglement entropy in generic quantum field theories, we propose a covariant generalization of the holographic entanglement entropy proposal of hep-th/0603001. Apart from providing several examples of possible covariant generalizations, we study a particular construction based on light-sheets, motivated in similar spirit to the covariant entropy bound underlying the holographic principle. In particular, we argue that the entanglement entropy associated with a specified region on the boundary in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence is given by the area of a co-dimension two bulk surface with vanishing expansions of null geodesics. We demonstrate our construction with several examples to illustrate its reduction to the holographic entanglement entropy proposal in static spacetimes. We further show how this proposal may be used to understand the time evolution of entanglement entropy in a time varying QFT state dual to a collapsing black hole background. Finally, we use our proposal to argue that the Euclidean wormhole geometries with multiple boundaries should be regarded as states in a non-interacting but entangled set of QFTs, one associated to each boundary.
Oxidative Response and Antioxidative Mechanism in Germinating Soybean Seeds Exposed to Cadmium

Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.) exposed to 50 mg/L (Cd50), 100 mg/L (Cd100) and 200 mg/L (Cd200) cadmium solution for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were examined with reference to Cd accumulation, oxidative stress and antioxidative responses. Soybean seeds accumulated Cd in an exposure time-and dosage-dependent manner. FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) concentration, GSH/hGSH content, and GST activity showed a pronounced exposure time-dependent response. Cd100 enhanced FRAP concentration in germinating soybean seeds as compared to Cd50 treatment after 24 h exposure. Cd200 however increased statistically GST activities after 72 and 96 h exposure. Under all Cd dosages, GSH/hGSH concentrations were depressed with increasing exposure time. Reduction of GSH/hGSH content and concomitant increase of GST activity suggested a possible participation of GSH into GSH-Cd conjugates synthesis. MDA content is a potential biomarker for monitoring Cd phytotoxicity because it responds significantly to treatment dosage, exposure time and dosage × exposure time interaction. Increase of proline content may be a response to acute heavy metal toxicity in soybean seeds.
Online discrimination of nonlinear dynamics with switching differential equations

How to recognise whether an observed person walks or runs? We consider a dynamic environment where observations (e.g. the posture of a person) are caused by different dynamic processes (walking or running) which are active one at a time and which may transition from one to another at any time. For this setup, switching dynamic models have been suggested previously, mostly, for linear and nonlinear dynamics in discrete time. Motivated by basic principles of computations in the brain (dynamic, internal models) we suggest a model for switching nonlinear differential equations. The switching process in the model is implemented by a Hopfield network and we use parametric dynamic movement primitives to represent arbitrary rhythmic motions. The model generates observed dynamics by linearly interpolating the primitives weighted by the switching variables and it is constructed such that standard filtering algorithms can be applied. In two experiments with synthetic planar motion and a human motion capture data set we show that inference with the unscented Kalman filter can successfully discriminate several dynamic processes online.
Speech recognition of mandarin syllables using both linear predict coding cepstra and Mel frequency cepstra

This paper is to compare two most common features representing a speech word for speech recognition on the basis of accuracy, computation time, complexity and cost. The two features to represent a speech word are the linear predict coding cepstra (LPCC) and the Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC). The MFCC was shown to be more accurate than the LPCC in speech recognition using the dynamic time warping method. In this paper, the LPCC gives a recognition rate about 10% higher than the MFCC using the Bayes decision rule for classification and needs much less computational time to be extracted from speech signal waveform, i.e., the MFCC needs computational time 5.5 time as much as the LPCC does. The algorithm to compute a LPCC from a speech signal much simpler than a MFCC, which has many parameters to be adjusted to smooth the spectrum, performing a processing that is similar to be adjusted to smooth the spectrum, performing a processing that is similar to that executed by the human ear, but the LPCC is easily obtained by the least squares method using a set of recursive formula.
A Scheduling Model Based on Communication Task Deadline for Wireless Industrial Control System

The wireless channel can influence the design of industrial applications. A majority of existing scheduling models of industry control network are designed without considering the characteristic of wireless technology. They face serious degradations in wireless industrial applications. This paper uses a secondary architecture of dual-band and presents a scheduling mechanism based on communication task deadline for wireless industrial control system. Thus the adverse effect on real-time and reliability, caused by transmission errors and other problems of the wireless channel, can be (partially) compensated.
Monte Carlo Go Using Previous Simulation Results

The researches on Go using Monte Carlo method are treated as hot topics in these years. In particular, Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm such as UCT made great contributions to the development of computer Go. When Monte Carlo method was used for Go, the previous simulation results were not usually stored. In this paper, we suggest a new idea of using previous simulation results (PSR heuristic) and try to improve the method. Experimental results showed that this heuristic is very effective in blitz and on larger Go board.
Unscented external force and torque estimation for quadrotors

In this paper, we describe an algorithm, based on the well-known Unscented Quaternion Estimator, to estimate external forces and torques acting on a quadrotor. This formulation uses a non-linear model for the quadrotor dynamics, naturally incorporates process and measurement noise, requires only a few parameters to be tuned manually, and uses singularity-free unit quaternions to represent attitude. We demonstrate in simulation that the proposed algorithm can outperform existing methods. We then highlight how our approach can be used to generate force and torque profiles from experimental data, and how this information can later be used for controller design. Finally, we show how the resulting controllers enable a quadrotor to stay in the wind field of a moving fan.
Mindfulness for dummies

Meditation was initially introduced by Kabat Zinn as mindfulness in a program of stress reduction. Since then, mindfulness has steadily become very popular, and has been also incorporated into the cognitive approach of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. During this process, a main role for meditation has been progressively lost, and mindfulness has become a series of short periods of meditation which are one among the other home assignments received by the patient. Numerous studies have been made to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of these approaches, and their results appear encouraging, particularly for long lasting effects on depressed patients. However, in spite of these efforts, the available studies do not provide unquestionable evidence of effectiveness and superiority to other psychotherapies, in particular psychodynamically oriented humanistic and interpersonal approaches. In the application of mindfulness to cognitivism, the moral principles of Buddhism have been neglected, and the idea to apply meditation in psychotherapy with the aim to focus on the “self” of the patients, contrasts with the aim of Buddhist meditation which is the realization of the illusory nature of the self. Efforts to avoid the numerous limitation of the recent reductionist and mechanistic developments of the blending of mindfulness with cognitive psychotherapy appear to be required. Meditation, when wisely chosen or integrated with other form of psycho-social intervention for the existential difficulties of the persons which are clinically and culturally more suitable, may result an additional useful offer for personal growth.
Mobi-Mag : A compact device for medical research using wireless control of magnetic microrobots

Continuous efforts towards the development of less invasive surgical procedures and targeted therapies have led to experimental studies on the possible use of microrobotic agents (Fig. 1a) in medicine [1]. Due to their small size, these microrobots could navigate to deep-seated regions within the human body and perform a wide range of accurate tasks, e.g., micro-surgery [2], micromanipulation [3] and targeted pharmacotherapy [4]. Nonetheless, at the present time only a limited number of research centers posses the control setups which are required for research and development (R&D) of such novel applications. Within this context, a compact device for wireless control of magnetic microrobots, hereafter referred as Mobi-Mag, is introduced (Fig. 1b). Its components were conceived in order to allow biologists and clinicians to carry out practical studies that could take advantage of using magnetic microrobots. On that account, Mobi-Mag provides: A “plug and play” and modular design, Means of integration with clinical imaging equipment, such as a variety optical microscopes and ultrasound transducers [5], A waterproof suitcase for easy transportation, Electrically insulated electronics for increased safety in biological laboratory environments. In order to carry out experiments with Mobi-Mag, the microrobots and the samples to be manipulated are placed in a water-based solution. A petri-dish of 4 cm diameter and 1.5 cm height is provided as the default reservoir for the solution. Additional types of reservoirs could also be used by modifying the open-source dish holder design. Furthermore, to illustrate the capabilities of Mobi-Mag, an example application is presented. The application consists on transporting synthetic mockups of biological cells to a desired location. These cell mockups, hereafter called microbeads (Fig. 1c), were made to facilitate the development of cell manipulation schemes, by minimizing the handling and storage requirements typical of biological tissues. The microbeads are composed of polystyrene and have an oval shape with an average diameter of 300 m. In order to push the microbeads, biodegradable micro-particles of 100 m diameter (PLA-M-redF-plain, Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Germany) were employed as microrobotic agents. The experimental results showed that the microbeads could be transported to a target location at an average speed of 130 m/s and with an average position tracking error of 50 m. Figure 1. Mobi-Mag compact device for medical microrobotics research: (a) examples of microrobots (microparticles (a.1), microrobot (a.2), and MagnetoSperm (a.3)), (b) main hardware components, c) pictures of microbeads
Modeling Movement and Imaginary Movement EEG by means of Hidden Markov Models and Coherence

This work investigates the discrete Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for modeling spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) events of actual movement and imaginary movement by means of Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC). The EEG was recording from 20 scalp electrodes, placed according to International 10-20 System. The models, resulting for three normal subjects, were build with electrodes from central (Cz, C3, C4), frontal (F3, Fz, F4), parietal (P3, Pz, P4) and temporal (T3, T4, T5, T6) areas. The extracted features were by MSC calculate with 12 trials (14 seconds each). The number of states used for HMM models was six and the MSC was calculated for delta band (0.1-1 Hz), alpha band (8-13 Hz) and beta band (14-30 Hz) in all. The frequency band used as observation, in each state of HMM, was the one with the bigger MSC. The model parameters were distinct for the three events. The average accuracy rate (models of central, frontal and parietal areas) was 100 %, 86 % and 75 % in the validation for spontaneous, movement and imaginary movement EEG respectively. The models of temporal area electrodes had average accuracy rate lower than 5 %. The results shown that is possible to built models that are able to differentiate brain activities related to distinct events, using the MSC of signals and electrodes of central, frontal and parietal areas.
Two Formal Approaches to Modelling Cognitive Aspects of Hci

Nowadays it is widely recognised that in the design of software it is important to take human factors into consideration. The cognitive aspects of human computer interaction form an important and interesting part of these factors. There exist several approaches to incorporate knowledge on these aspects into the design cycle. They range from using a list of general heuristics based on previous experiences with interfaces to a direct use of a more or less complete model of human cognition. In order to cope with the increasing complexity of the design of multi modal interfaces it is necessary to develop a systematic, modular design approach that allows formal expression of and reasoning about properties of the interface in an early phase of the design trajectory. In this article we discuss recent results and ongoing work that forms part of a formal syndetic approach to the evaluation of the usability of interaction devices from a cognitive perspective. In a formal syndetic approach both a cognitive model and a model of system behaviour are speciied and brought together within a single formal framework in order to reason formally over their conjoint behaviour. The examples in this article show the value of a formal approach for a more accurate expression of properties of the interface. A formal approach also reveals further questions on the cognitive model itself. These are valuable to set out the direction of further research towards applying the theory in the interface design process.
The Evolution of Supernovae in the Winds of Massive Stars

We study the evolution of supernova remnants in the circumstellar medium formed by mass loss from the progenitor star. The properties of this interaction are investigated, and the specific case of a 35 $\msun$ star is studied in detail. The evolution of the SN shock wave in this case may have a bearing on other SNRs evolving in wind-blown bubbles, especially SN 1987A.
X-Ray Dust Scattering at Small Angles: The Complete Halo around GX13+1

The exquisite angular resolution available with Chandra should allow precision measurements of faint diffuse emission surrounding bright sources, such as the X-ray scattering halos created by interstellar dust. However, the ACIS CCDs suffer from pileup when observing bright sources, and this creates difficulties when trying to extract the scattered halo near the source. The initial study of the X-ray halo around GX13+1 using only the ACIS-I detector performed by Smith, Edgar, & Shafer suffered from a lack of sensitivity within 50″ of the source, limiting what conclusions could be drawn. To address this problem, observations of GX13+1 were obtained with the Chandra HRC-I and simultaneously with the RXTE PCA. Combined with the existing ACIS-I data, this allowed measurements of the X-ray halo between 2″ and 1000″. After considering a range of dust models, each assumed to be smoothly distributed with or without a dense cloud along the line of sight; the results show that there is no evidence in these data for a dense cloud near the source, as suggested by Xiang et al. Finally, although no model leads to formally acceptable results, the Weingartner & Draine model and nearly all of the composite grain models from Zubko, Dwek, & Arendt give poor fits.
Control of a Three-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Stand-alone PV System

This paper presents a three-phase cascaded H-bridge converter for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) application. The multilevel topology consists of several H-bridge cells connected in series, each one connected to a string of PV modules. The adopted control scheme permits the independent control of each dc-link voltage, enabling, in this way, the tracking of the maximum power point for each string of PV panels. Additionally, low ripple sinusoidal-current waveforms are generated with almost unity power factor. The topology offers other advantages such as the operation at lower switching frequency or lower current ripple compared to standard two-level topologies. Simulation and experimental results are presented for different operating conditions.
Supplemental Data PKA Activation Bypasses the Requirement for UNC-31 in the Docking of Dense Core Vesicles from C . elegans Neurons Supplemental Experimental Procedures Plasmid

For the construction of Pida-1::pHluorin::ida-1, the 3.3 kb promoter together with the signal peptide sequences (57 bp) of ida-1 and IDA-1 cDNA were PCR amplified from Pida-1::ida-1::gfp construct (Cai et al., 2004), respectively. Superecliptic pHluorin sequences were PCR amplified from snb-1::pHluorin construct (Dittman and Kaplan, 2006). The resulting fragments were then inserted into pPD95.69 vector with GFP sequence removed. Wild type and unc-31(e928) mutant strains received injections of Pida-1::pHluorin::ida-1 construct at concentrations of 50 µg/ml (Mello and Fire, 1995). The unc-31(e928);kin-2(ce179) double mutants strain received injections of Pida-1::ida-1::gfp construct at concentrations of 50 µg/ml. Cell Culture and Solutions Eggs were isolated from gravid adults following bleach treatment in a hypochlorite solution. Intact eggs were separated from debris by flotation on 30% sucrose. Eggshells were removed by incubation in 0.5 ml egg buffer containing 1 U/ml of chitinase containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco, Invitrogen) and antibiotics, the embryos were dissociated by gentle pipetting. And the intact embryos, clumps of cells, and larvae were removed by passing through a 5 µm Durapore syringe filter (Millipore, Bedford MA). Cells were plated on peanut lectin (0.5 mg/ml, Sigma) coated coverglasses and maintained in L-15 medium. Cells were incubated at 20°C in a humidified incubator. The osmolarity of the culture medium was adjusted to 340 mOsm with sucrose and filter sterilized. Cells cultured for 3-4 days were used in the experiments. reach the indicated [Ca 2+ ] i levels, pH 7.2 (osmolarity was adjusted to 330 mOsm). We estimated basal [Ca 2+ ] i levels to be approximately 450 nM by using fura-2. Stock solutions of forskolin and PMA were prepared in DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO in diluted solutions was < 0.02%. All chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise noted.
On energy cascades in non-homogeneous 3D Navier-Stokes equations

We show - in the framework of physical scales and $(K_1,K_2)$-averages - that Kolmogorov's dissipation law combined with the smallness condition on a Taylor length scale are sufficient to guarantee energy cascades in the forced Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, in the periodic case we establish restrictive scaling laws - in terms of Grashof number - for kinetic energy, energy flux, and energy dissipation rate. These are used to improve our sufficient condition for forced cascades in physical scales.