Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline Sludge Disintegration

Bu calismada, kesikli reaktorlerde atik aktif camurun (AAC) alkali on aritma (alkalizasyon) ile parcalanmasi calisilmistir. Isletme sartlarinin (camur konsantrasyonu, NaOH dozu ve on aritma suresi) camur parcalamaya, hucrelerarasi polimerik maddelerin salinimina ve camurun su verme ve cokelebilme ozelligine etkileri oda sicakliginda arastirilmistir. Alkalizasyonun etkili bir parcalama metodu oldugu belirlenmistir. % 1.0 kati madde (KM) iceren camurun 0.10 N NaOH dozunda 0.5 sa on aritimi, optimum isletme sartlari olarak belirlenmistir. Ayrica, alkalizasyon ile camurun parcalanmasinin iki asamada gerceklestigi gorulmustur: ilk 0.5 sa’de gerceklesen hizli parcalama asamadi ve onu takip eden yavas parcalama asamasi. Boylece, alkalizasyon sureci, prosesin camur parcalama verimini tahmin edebilmek icin iki asamali bir matematiksel model ile simule edilmistir. Onerilen matematiksel modelin, alkalizasyon surecinin tasarimi ve parcalama verimini tahmin edebilmek icin kullanisliligi kanitlanmistir.
Exploring SNP‐SNP interactions and colon cancer risk using polymorphism interaction analysis

Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes derived from distinct pathways are associated with colon cancer risk; however, few studies have examined SNP‐SNP interactions concurrently. We explored the association between colon cancer and 94 SNPs, using a novel approach, polymorphism interaction analysis (PIA). We developed PIA to examine all possible SNP combinations, based on the 94 SNPs studied in 216 male colon cancer cases and 255 male controls, employing 2 separate functions that crossvalidate and minimize false‐positive results in the evaluation of SNP combinations to predict colon cancer risk. PIA identified previously described null polymorphisms in glutathione‐S‐transferase T1 (GSTT1) as the best predictor of colon cancer among the studied SNPs, and also identified novel polymorphisms in the inflammation and hormone metabolism pathways that singly or jointly predict cancer risk. PIA identified SNPs that may interact with the GSTT1 polymorphism, including coding polymorphisms in TP53 (Arg72Pro in p53) and CASP8 (Asp302His in caspase 8), which may modify the association between this polymorphism and colon cancer. This was confirmed by logistic regression, as the GSTT1 null polymorphism in combination with either the TP53 or the CASP8 polymorphism significantly alter colon cancer risk (pinteraction < 0.02 for both). GSTT1 prevents DNA damage by detoxifying mutagenic compounds, while the p53 protein facilitates repair of DNA damage and induces apoptosis, and caspase 8 is activated in p53‐mediated apoptosis. Our results suggest that PIA is a valid method for suggesting SNP‐SNP interactions that may be validated in future studies, using more traditional statistical methods on different datasets (Supplementary material can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat). Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospital facilities and the role of evidence‐based design

Purpose – Drawing on recent research related to hospital facilities, this paper aims to discuss the role of evidence‐based design in facility planning and design as a key element in helping the field of facility planning and management continue to strengthen professional practice.Design/methodology/approach – The discussion draws on relevant literature and recent research.Findings – Evidence‐based design is having a major impact on planning and design of hospital facilities, and can play a similar role for other facility types.Originality/value – Calls for evidence‐based design for healthcare facilities abound. This paper discusses important issues surrounding the implementation of an evidence‐based design approach that need to be considered for this approach to be successful in all types of facilities.
The population structure of Mycobacterium bovis in Great Britain: Clonal expansion

We have analyzed 11,500 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis (the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and other mammals) isolated in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland)] and characterized by spoligotype. Genetic exchange between cells is rare or absent in strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex so that, by using spoligotypes, it is possible to recognize “clones” with a recent common ancestor. The distribution of variable numbers of tandem repeats types in the most common clone in the data set is incompatible with random mutation and drift. The most plausible explanation is a series of “clonal expansions,” and this interpretation is supported by the geographical distribution of different genotypes. We suggest that the clonal expansion of a genotype is caused either by the spread of a favorable mutation, together with all other genes present in the ancestral cell in which the mutation occurred, or by the invasion of a novel geographical region by a limited number of genotypes. A similar pattern is observed in M. tuberculosis (the main cause of tuberculosis in humans). The significance of clonal expansion in other bacteria that have recombination is discussed.
Printed passive components for RFID labels

This paper deals with the research and development of printed flexible capacitors and inductors predominantly designed for the construction of RFID labels. These printed RF passive components are required for the construction of fully printed low cost passive RFID labels. The passive components are directly printed on PET substrate by the screen printing technique. The printing process was optimized in order to achieve a high yield and good electrical parameters at the frequency of 13,56 MHz. Electrical parameters of printed capacitors, such as impedance to frequency characteristic, capacity to temperature characteristic, capacity to bias voltage characteristic were measured in detail. The bending tests were also performed for verifying of printed capacitors flexibility. The performance of capacitors was verified in the real sample of resonant circuit at 13,56 MHz.
Integrating laboratory and epidemiological techniques for population-based surveillance of HIV strains and drug resistance in Canada.

Gayatri C Jayaraman PhD MPH, Chris P Archibald MDCM FRCPC, Lee Lior MD MSc, Donald Sutherland MD MCommH MSc(Epi) HIV is among the most genetically variable of human pathogens. Two major factors contribute to this genetic diversity: the error-prone activity of reverse transcriptase, which is estimated to introduce an average of one error/genome/replication cycle (1), and recombination, which occurs at a rate of about 2%/kilobase/replication cycle (2). With the advent of international collaborations using powerful new tools that allow for the analyses of nucleotide sequence information, it became apparent that the initial classification of HIV into HIV-1 and HIV-2 based on geographic distribution was inadequate. We now recognize that HIV-1 can be divided into three major phylogenetic groups: ‘M’ (major), ‘O’ (outlier) and more recently, ‘N’ (new). The vast majority of isolates cluster in the M group. Based on sequencing the envelope gene, env, 10 phylogenetic subtypes (A to J) have been identified within this group, with subtypes A to E (also referred to as the circulating recombinant A/E) being the most common (3). The general pattern of subtype distribution by geographic location is shown in Table 1. The second major group of HIV-1, group O, is found mainly in Cameroon and Gabon, and differs from the M group by as many as 50% of residues (4). The N group of HIV-1 was isolated in Cameroon, with genetic characteristics of both the simian immunodeficiency virus and HIV-1 (M group) (5). Although there has been no systematic surveillance for genetic diversity of HIV strains in Canada, existing studies on high risk populations suggest that HIV-1 subtype B is the most common subtype found in this country. Bernier et al (6) have conducted analyses on HIV-1 sequence diversity among 17 infected injection drug users (IDUs) and among five men who have sex with men (MSM) residing in Montreal, and all sequences were of HIV-1 subtype B. As a part of an outbreak study in Newfoundland, Montpetit et al (7) analyzed serological samples from 31 HIV-positive persons of both sexes, comprising approximately 25% of known HIV-positive persons in the province, to determine the extent of HIV-1 subtype variation (7). All samples tested were of HIV-1 subtype B. Strain analysis has been carried out on samples from 13 MSM, two IDUs and two heterosexuals, recruited through POLARIS in Ontario (8). All have been found to be subtype B. The British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS in Vancouver, British Columbia, has conducted genetic analysis of HIV linked to VIDUS (9). All 64 IDUs tested were infected with subtype B. Despite the predominance of HIV-1 subtype B, non-B subtypes have also been reported in Canada. As early as 1995, HIV-1 subtype A was identified in an African-born male, who moved to Canada in 1983 (10). Studies by the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS suggest that non-B subtypes represent at least 4% of HIV infections among
Viewpoint Paper: Healthy Living with Persuasive Technologies: Framework, Issues, and Challenges

While our Y2K worries about old computers "retiring" at midnight captured the television and news media attention, a more significant "old age" phenomenon snuck onto the scene with hardly a headline: the dawn of the age of the aged. (1) The over burdened health care system will face a worldwide wave of retirees who will live longer, cost more to treat, and demand new goods and services to help them stay healthy, active, and independent. Research in persuasive technologies and the associated usage of a computing system, device, or application intentionally designed to change a person's attitude or behavior in a predetermined way is showing the potential to assist in improving healthy living, reduce the costs on the health care system, and allow the aged to maintain a more independent life. This article gives a deeper insight into the evolution of persuasive technologies and presents a framework that can guide a researcher or practitioner in comprehending more effectively the work being done in this novel research field. It also provides categories of domains within health care in which these technologies are used and surveys exemplars from published literature. The article's goal is to provide greater understanding by addressing the challenges that lie ahead for all key stakeholders that design and/or use persuasive technologies in health care.
Vegetation Composition of Egyptian Inland Saltmarshes

The vegetation-environment relationships in the inland saltmarshes of two geographically distant oases of the Western Desert of Egypt, Siwa, and Dakhla Oases, are described. Two data sets (25 species × 68 stands for Siwa Oasis and 29 species × 89 stands for Dakhla Oasis) were analysed, using multivariate procedures, i.e., two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA), to produce a classification of plant communities in the studied areas, and to examine the relationships of these plant communities to certain edaphic factors, namely soil reaction, total soluble salts, calcium carbonate, organic matter, moisture content, and fine fractions. Twelve halophytic plant communities linked to two main habitats (wet-moist and dry-mesic) were identified. Alhagi graecorum, Tamarix nilotica, Cressa cretica, Juncus rigidus and Phragmites australis were the most common in the two oases. Whereas communities of Cyperus laevigatus, Suaeda aegyptiaca, Suaeda vermiculata, Typha domingensis, and Aeluropus lagopoides are recorded from the Dakhla Oasis, Cladium mariscus and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum communities are recorded from the Siwa Oasis. The most important edaphic variables affecting the distribution and structure of the plant communities are salinity, moisture content and fine fractions, nevertheless CaCO3 content seems to be more effective in the Dakhla Oasis. A new agricultural strategy that minimizes the increase of salinized lands is called for.
Computer simulations of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic drive: sensory and supraspinal modulation of neurons and small networks.

1. The segmental locomotor network in lamprey can generate the rhythmic burst pattern underlying locomotion when it is driven via synaptic glutamate receptors. Lower rates of activity can be evoked by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, whereas a rapid activity can only be induced by non-NMDA receptors [kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)]. The reticulospinal and sensory inputs are known to act via both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors, but it is unclear how these inputs can provide an appropriate control of the locomotor rate. We have examined the effects of different types of excitatory synaptic input to neurons of the locomotor network with the use of a computer-simulated electrical neuron model, with Na+, K+, Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels, and with inherent oscillatory properties linked to the NMDA conductance. Synapses were modeled as a modulated ionic conductance in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell comprising a voltage-dependent NMDA component (Na+, K+, Ca2+ conductances) of long duration, and/or a non-NMDA component (Na+, K+ conductance) of short duration. 2. By using two neurons to drive a postsynaptic cell with non-NMDA-type synapses, a continuous range of firing frequencies could be evoked in the postsynaptic cell, by altering the firing rate of the presynaptic cells. If a single presynaptic neuron was used, there was a tendency toward spike synchronization between the pre- and postsynaptic cells. 3. When a postsynaptic neuron was driven via NMDA synapses, an oscillatory burst activity could be evoked. The rate of the oscillations was, however, little affected by the presynaptic firing rate. When a drive neuron with mixed (NMDA and non-NMDA) synapses was used, the rate of the oscillations could be changed within a limited frequency range by altering the presynaptic firing rate. By adding another larger drive neuron, having a larger rheobase current and mixed synapses with smaller relative NMDA components, the frequency range of the postsynaptic oscillations could be markedly increased. The frequency range depended on the parameters selected for each of the two types of mixed synapses. 4. A small rhythm-generating neuronal network, comprising six cells connected as the principal interneurons of the lamprey spinal locomotor network, was used to test the role of a tonic NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation to drive the network and produce bursting. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A low power 40nm CMOS technology featuring extremely high density of logic (2100kGate/mm2) and SRAM (0.195μm2) for wide range of mobile applications with wireless system

Extremely high density CMOS technology for 40 nm low power applications is demonstrated. More than 50% power reduction is achieved as a SoC chip by aggressive shrinkage and low voltage operation of RF devices. Gate density of 2100 kGate/mm2 is realized by breaking down conventional trade-off of leakage power and performance with three key approaches. 0.195 mum2 SRAM with excellent static noise margin is also accomplished by minimizing random impurity fluctuation using Hf doped silicate as gate dielectrics. In addition, novel DFM (Design for Manufacturing) techniques are introduced for systematic yield improvement.
Extensions du test du logrank aux données censurées par intervalle

Lorsque les donnees sont censurees par intervalle (type II), la fonction de survie est couramment estimee par la methode non parametrique de Peto-Turnbull ou par celle de Groeneboom & Wellner. Ces methodes sont basees sur une partition de l'axe des temps puis sur la maximisation de la vraisemblance via un algorithme iteratif. La methode de Peto-Turnbull suppose qu'en dehors de certains intervalles fermes de la partition l'estimation de la fonction de survie est constante. La methode de Groeneboom & Wellner relaxe cette hypothese mais requiert l'estimation d'un plus grand nombre de parametres. Apres un rappel sur ces methodes, nous nous interessons a la comparaison des fonctions de survie entre deux groupes. Nous rappelons l'extension du test du logrank aux donnees censurees par intervalle basee sur la methode de Groeneboom & Wellner, deja decrite dans la litterature. Puis nous proposons l'extension du test du logrank basee sur la methode de Peto-Turnbull. Dans les deux cas, la statistique de test repose sur les estimations du nombre d'evenements et du nombre de sujets a risque. Dans le cas de la generalisation via la methode de Groeneboom & Wellner, on estime ces quantites a chaque pseudo-temps d'evenement. Dans le cas de la generalisation via la methode de Peto-Turnbull, on les estime pour chaque intervalle ferme de la partition de l'axe des temps sur lequel la fonction de survie n'est pas constante. Ces methodes sont appliquees a des donnees issues d'un essai controle randomise en neurologie vasculaire.
TALE nickase-mediated SP110 knockin endows cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis

Significance Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects a broad range of mammalian hosts. It is a serious threat to agriculture in many less-developed countries. In this study, we introduced a mutation to the FokI of the right hand of wild-type transcription activator-like effector nuclease and established a transcription activator-like effector nickase system that creates single-strand breaks in the genome. Then we used this system to add the mouse gene SP110 to a specific location in the bovine genome and created transgenic cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. Our results contribute to the control and prevention of bovine tuberculosis and provide a previously unidentified insight into breeding animals for disease resistance. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome modification has been applied successfully to create transgenic animals in various species, such as mouse, pig, and even monkey. However, transgenic cattle with gene knockin have yet to be created using TALENs. Here, we report site-specific knockin of the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nickase-mediated SP110 nuclear body protein gene (SP110) via homologous recombination to produce tuberculosis-resistant cattle. In vitro and in vivo challenge and transmission experiments proved that the transgenic cattle are able to control the growth and multiplication of Mycobacterium bovis, turn on the apoptotic pathway of cell death instead of necrosis after infection, and efficiently resist the low dose of M. bovis transmitted from tuberculous cattle in nature. In this study, we developed TALE nickases to modify the genome of Holstein–Friesian cattle, thereby engineering a heritable genome modification that facilitates resistance to tuberculosis.
Biologic Relevance of Elevated Red Cell Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA-RBC) activity in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is significantly increased compared to that observed in normal controls. ADA-RBC activity is not related to fetal hemoglobin concentration, but it is significantly correlated with hemoglobin concentration at diagnosis and with the degree of morphologic dysplasia in the erythroid lineage. The results of our study suggest that the observed enzymatic abnormality may constitute a non-specific manifestation of the stem cell alteration that determines these disorders.
Modeling of High-Performance p-Type III–V Heterojunction Tunnel FETs

The impact of band lineup and source doping concentration on the performance of heterojunction tunnel FETs (H-TFETs) with type-II heterointerface is investigated by simulations. Exemplarily, H-TFETs based on InAs/AlxGa1-xSb heterostructures are studied. Varying the Al content x, the band lineup can be adjusted from staggered to broken. We find that a staggered band lineup and a medium source doping concentration yield the best ON/OFF-state performance in terms of an inverse subthreshold slope that is smaller than 60 mV/dec and fT values in the terahertz range.
Gaze, Mutual Gaze, and Proximity

Argyle and Dean (1965) found that there was more eye-contact between members of a dyad the further apart they were. This result was predicted from a theory to the effect that there is an equilibrium for intimacy, and that distance and eye contact can substitute for one another as signals for intimacy. In the present paper two experiments are reported which explore further the relations between distance, gaze and mutual gaze, and enable us to decide between alternative explanations of it. In the Argyle and Dean experiments, there was a continuously staring stooge, so the S's gaze and the amount of eye-contact were identical. The two sat at 90° to each other. For MF pairs the level of EC (eye-contact) was 30.5 % at 2', 50 % at 6', and 58 % at 10'; length of glance followed a similar pattern. The effect was less strong for MM and FF pairs. Goldberg, Kiesler and Collins (1969) carried out a similar experiment, using stooges who did not stare all the time, but adopted a more natural pattern of gaze; the subject and stooge sat directly facing, and MM pairs were used. Eye-contact was not recorded, but Ss gazed at the stooge for 35 % of the time at 2i/2', and 60 % of the time at 6'. Stephenson and Rutter (1970) suggested that these results could be due to observers recording more of S's non-eye-directed gazes as eyedirected when he is at a greater distance from the stooge. They carried out an experiment in which a stooge looked systematically at his partner's ear and shoulders, and found that more of these gazes were recorded as
Rapid identification of diverse Campylobacter lari strains isolated from mussels and oysters using a reverse hybridization line probe assay

Campylobacters isolated from mussels and oysters in The Netherlands were analysed by a novel assay, based on DNA amplification with primers, based on semiconserved GTP‐binding sites of a putative GTPase gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was followed by a single step reverse hybridization line probe assay (PCR‐LiPA). This permits identification of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. upsaliensis. Among a group of 44 isolates, three C. jejuni, one C. upsaliensis, one double infection with C. jejuni and C. coli, and 38 C. lari strains were identified. These results were in complete agreement with conventional identification methods and whole cell protein analysis. One C. hyointestinalis isolate was not identified by the PCR‐LiPA, since the reverse hybridization assay does not comprise specific probes for this particular species. PCR products from 36 C. lari isolates were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of two major C. lari subgroups: one comprised 11 highly homologous sequences, whereas the 25 sequences in the other subgroup were more heterogeneous. This confirmed earlier findings that C. lari isolates comprise a more heterogeneous group of isolates as compared with C. jejuni, C. coli and C. upsaliensis. Based on the sequence information, a novel PCR‐LiPA was developed that permits specific and rapid detection of the different C. lari variants.