Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced synchronization techniques for complex flow field investigations by means of PIV

1 Introduction Since PIV became a mature technology for flow field investigations in industrial research, see for instance Kompenhans et al. (1998), it has been increasingly challenged by more complicate applications. As far as static models in wind tunnels are concerned, the experiment does not need to be synchronized with the measuring instrument. However, for the examination of dynamic systems synchronization becomes crucial. Recently, the continuous but alternating and, with regard to the measurement system, asynchronous wake flow of a helicopter's rotor blade was interfaced with a PIV system in order to investigate defined planes in the rotor blade's frame of reference, see Raffel et al. (1998). This test is the first of two examples which are described in this paper. Within the framework of the European research program WAVENC (WAke Vortex evolution and wake vortex ENCounter, Brite/EuRam project BE97-4112) PIV has been applied to a discontinuous experiment, i.e. the wake flow of a free flying airliner model in the catapult facility of ONERA, Lille. The goal was to provide an experimental database for the far-wake evolution of the trailing vortices. The data base will be used to validate CFD calculations. First results of the PIV measurements as well as a comparison with smoke visualization tests have already been presented by Dieterle et al. (1999a). A general description of the PIV experiments is given by Dieterle et al. (1999b). Beside this two applications a technical description of the synchronization hard-and software which has been developed in cooperation DLR in Göttingen and HARDsoft and which is distributed in license by PIVTEC will be presented. 2 The sequencer The sequencer is a completely microprocessor-controlled pulse generator. It enables the generation of complex patterns of TTL pulse trains on multiple channels. The pulse width, the time interval, the number of pulses and the output channel number are software programmable. The first sequencer was developed some years ago as a part of a ultra high-speed video camera system (Stasicki et al. 1995) to synchronize the recorded event with the eight independent camera shutters and the eight light pulse generators in the Cranz-Schardin configuration. Since that time, a whole sequencer family has been designed and manufactured. Due to their flexibility, sequencers have been integrated into several demanding scientific systems for triggering and synchronizing of their components. 3 The principle of the operation The block circuit of the sequencer is displayed in Fig. 1. It has …
Income Mobility Breeds Tolerance for Income Inequality

American politicians often justify income inequality by referencing the opportunities people have to move between economic stations. Though past research has shown associations between income mobility and resistance to wealth redistribution policies, no experimental work has tested whether perceptions of mobility influence tolerance for inequality. In this article, we present a cross-national comparison showing that income mobility is associated with tolerance for inequality and experimental work demonstrating that perceptions of higher mobility directly affect attitudes toward inequality. We find support for both the prospect of upward mobility and the view that peoples’ economic station is the product of their own efforts, as mediating mechanisms.
Projecting, Exposing, Revealing Self in the Digital World: Usernames as a Social Practice in a Moroccan Chatroom

Abstract This article analyzes the characteristics of 141 usernames in a Moroccan chatroom gathered over sixty days (September 4 2011, through November 3 2011). Analysis of the results of this study identifies eleven categories of usernames, including those using a common Moroccan first name, a first name followed by a last name, a name with a number, usernames referring to Anglo-Saxon and French cultures, and those referring to the Muslim religion. This study offers insights into the construction of Moroccan identity in the virtual world that fluctuates between a traditional local Muslim Moroccan identity and a desire to belong to the global community.
Family Size Evolution in Drosophila Chemosensory Gene Families: A Comparative Analysis with a Critical Appraisal of Methods

Gene turnover rates and the evolution of gene family sizes are important aspects of genome evolution. Here, we use curated sequence data of the major chemosensory gene families from Drosophila—the gustatory receptor, odorant receptor, ionotropic receptor, and odorant-binding protein families—to conduct a comparative analysis among families, exploring different methods to estimate gene birth and death rates, including an ad hoc simulation study. Remarkably, we found that the state-of-the-art methods may produce very different rate estimates, which may lead to disparate conclusions regarding the evolution of chemosensory gene family sizes in Drosophila. Among biological factors, we found that a peculiarity of D. sechellia’s gene turnover rates was a major source of bias in global estimates, whereas gene conversion had negligible effects for the families analyzed herein. Turnover rates vary considerably among families, subfamilies, and ortholog groups although all analyzed families were quite dynamic in terms of gene turnover. Computer simulations showed that the methods that use ortholog group information appear to be the most accurate for the Drosophila chemosensory families. Most importantly, these results reveal the potential of rate heterogeneity among lineages to severely bias some turnover rate estimation methods and the need of further evaluating the performance of these methods in a more diverse sampling of gene families and phylogenetic contexts. Using branch-specific codon substitution models, we find further evidence of positive selection in recently duplicated genes, which attests to a nonneutral aspect of the gene birth-and-death process.
Gift and Reciprocity at Work? Using Mauss to Explore Justifications for the Solidarity Day in the Aftermath of the 2003 Heatwave

The August 2003 heatwave resulted in an additional 15,000 deaths in France, mostly among the very old. In the aftermath of the disaster, an annual Solidarity Day (Journée de Solidarité) was introduced as part of the reform process. By cancelling a public holiday, the French government sought to raise 2 billion euros to finance healthcare for the elderly and disabled. The first such day in May 2005 led to confusion, with opposition from unions, demonstrations by public sector employees and considerable uncertainty among the workforce as to its legal status. This article seeks to analyse this public policy experiment through the lens of Marcel Mauss' theory of gift and reciprocity, exploring potential normative justifications for the French state's organisation of the day—and therein the constraints—while examining the moral and political obligations placed upon workers, the elderly and the Republic through the engineering of collective solidarity. It seeks to test the relevance and limits of the gift cycle as a tool for contemporary political and social analysis of the modern welfare state.
SCHOOL-BASED PROFESSIONAL LEARNING INVENTORY (SPLI): INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT, FACTOR ANALYSIS, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

The purpose of this article is to report the development, validity and reliability of School-based professional learning inventory (SPLI) that has been used to evaluate secondary teachersperception toward school- based professional learning. The first phase of the study has been carried out through Exploratory Factor Analysis by using data from 166 trained teachers from 19 secondary schools in Batang Padang District, Perak. The Exploratory Factor Analysis through orthogonal rotation varimax method has shown twelve SPLI factors from three main constructs have been developed. The Cronbach Alpha of the overall items is . 918. For the second phase of the study, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis has been carried out toward data of 372 trained teachers from 41 secondary schools in Malaysia. The purpose of this analysis is to support the factor structure developed from the first phase of the study. The Cronbach Alpha of the items is . 940, meanwhile for each factor developed ranged from . 663 to . 915. As the conclusion, the result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis has supported the existing twelve factors developed the first phase of the study.
Path-Based Approach to Integration Testing

In this paper, we focus on the matching of parameter type and order for integration testing. From the unit testing, we can obtain two outputs: 1)Interface Net that describes ports to receive parameters and to send parameters; 2)Mapping Table that describes the mappings between parameters coming in and parameters going out. To analyze the Interface Net and mappings precisely, we propose a forward slicing technique with symbolic execution to obtain the dependency relation for inputs and outputs. The Interface Net together with Mapping Table will create a Directed Graph, which can be used to generate integration test cases and to check parameter type. Furthermore, a formula is given to calculate the number of test cases. At the same time, the concept called Complexity Degree, is introduced to describe how hard the test going to be.
Potential-Aware Automated Abstraction of Sequential Games, and Holistic Equilibrium Analysis of Texas Hold'em Poker

We present a new abstraction algorithm for sequential imperfect information games. While most prior abstraction algorithms employ a myopic expected-value computation as a similarity metric, our algorithm considers a higher-dimensional space consisting of histograms over abstracted classes of states from later stages of the game. This enables our bottom-up abstraction algorithm to automatically take into account potential: a hand can become relatively better (or worse) over time and the strength of different hands can get resolved earlier or later in the game. We further improve the abstraction quality by making multiple passes over the abstraction, enabling the algorithm to narrow the scope of analysis to information that is relevant given abstraction decisions made for earlier parts of the game. We also present a custom indexing scheme based on suit isomorphisms that enables one to work on significantly larger models than before. We apply the techniques to heads-up limit Texas Hold'em poker. Whereas all prior game theory-based work for Texas Hold'em poker used generic off-the-shelf linear program solvers for the equilibrium analysis of the abstracted game, we make use of a recently developed algorithm based on the excessive gap technique from convex optimization. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first to abstract and game-theoretically analyze all four betting rounds in one run (rather than splitting the game into phases). The resulting player, GS3, beats BluffBot, GS2, Hyperborean, Monash-BPP, Sparbot, Teddy, and Vexbot, each with statistical significance. To our knowledge, those competitors are the best prior programs for the game.
An integrating, transformation-oriented approach to concurrency control and undo in group editors

Concurrency control and group undo are important issues in the design of groupware, especially for interactive group editors. We present an improved versionofanexistingdistributed algorithm for concurrency control that is based on operation transformations. Since the usability of the algorithm relies on its formal correctness, we present a set of necessary and sufﬁ-cient conditions to be satisﬁed in order to ensure consistency in a replicated architecture. We identify desirable properties of operation transformations and show how our approach can be employed to implement group undo. The approach has been applied to build a prototypical group editor for text; some experiences gained are presented.
Targeting miR-21-3p inhibits proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells

MicroRNA-21 is overexpressed in most cancers and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence supports a central role for the miR-21 guide strand (miR-21-5p) in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. However, there is limited information regarding the biological role of the miR-21 passenger strand (miR-21-3p) in ovarian cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-21-3p and its target genes in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Expression profiling of miR-21-5p and miR-21-3p was performed in a panel of cancer cells by qPCR. Colony formation and invasion assays were carried out on ovarian and prostate cancer cells transfected with miR-21-5p and miR-21-3p inhibitors. Dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the miR-21-3p target genes in ovarian cancer cells. Our results show that miR-21-5p had higher expression levels compared to miR-21-3p on a panel of cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of miR-21-5p or miR-21-3p resulted in a significant decrease in ovarian and prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter assays identify RNA Binding Protein with Multiple Splicing (RBPMS), Regulator of Chromosome Condensation and POZ Domain Containing Protein 1 (RCBTB1), and Zinc Finger protein 608 (ZNF608) as miR-21-3p target genes. SiRNA-induced RBPMS silencing reduced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Immunohistochemical analyses of serous ovarian cancer patient samples suggest a significant decrease of RBMPS levels when compared to normal ovarian epithelium. Taken together, the data generated in this study suggests a functional role for miR-21-3p in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
The Dance of Wellbeing: Defining the Musical Therapeutic Effect

Music making is a human activity that communicates motives – the underlying impulses for action, by which experience is gained, and which are accompanied by feelings. Music evokes narratives of experience, based on our innate ability to share the passing of expressive ‘mind time’, an ability that may be called ‘musicality’. which is inseparable from the impulse to move with anticipation of rhythmic sensory consequences and varied emotional evaluations. Communicative musicality is the source of the music therapeutic experience and its effects. An inborn musicality is clearly uncovered in acoustic analyses of parent/infant vocal interactions, where, independent of verbal communication, a shared sense of time and the shaping of jointly-created pitch contours describe phrases and narrative cycles of feeling. There is new evidence that the communication of motives and experience is supported by systems of ‘sympathy neurones’ in the regulatory core of the brain, and by the ‘vitality affects’ they generate. The music therapy relationship seeks a dance of human passion and well-being by fundamentally intuitive means. Its verbal/cognitive regulation is necessary for the cultivation and recording of its technique, but not the origin of its immediate power 1. Keywords: musicality - therapy - infants - movement - emotion - timing - communication
EBG modification in a parallel plate 2D periodic structure by metal inclusions

A periodic surface, consisting of a square, rectangular lattice containing metal patches in the unit cell, sandwiched between two dielectric materials and two confining metal planes is considered. The patches are connected to the ground plane by several vias. Small metallic objects are inserted in the dielectric layer above the patches in order to modify the positions in the frequency domain of the electromagnetic band-gaps revealed by the dispersion diagram. The considered structure has applications in filtering and noise mitigation in high-speed circuits.
PERSEN: power-efficient logical ring based key management for clustered sensor networks

Cluster-based organisation is widely used to achieve energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To achieve confidentiality of the sensed data, it is necessary to have a secret key shared between a node and its Cluster Head (CH). Key management is challenging as the CH changes in every round in cluster-based organisation. In this paper, we propose two schemes for key management in clustered sensor networks with changing CH. In Simple Secure Logical Ring (SSLR) scheme, communication and computation cost incurred for key establishment is constant. In Burmester Desmedt Logical Ring (BDLR) scheme, key establishment is achieved by performing (n + 1) multiplications and (n + 5) communications, where n is the number of nodes in the cluster. Simulation results show that node compromise in the proposed schemes is handled efficiently.
Multiwavelength Observations of GRB 050820A: An Exceptionally Energetic Event Followed from Start to Finish

We present observations of the unusually bright and long γ-ray burst GRB 050820A, one of the best sampled broadband data sets in the Swift era. The γ-ray light curve is marked by a soft precursor pulse some 200 s before the main event; the lack of any intervening emission suggests that it is due to a physical mechanism distinct from the GRB itself. The large time lag between the precursor and the main emission enabled simultaneous observations in the γ-ray, X-ray, and optical bandpasses, something only achieved for a handful of events to date. While the contemporaneous X-rays are the low-energy tail of the prompt emission, the optical does not directly track the γ-ray flux. Instead, the early-time optical data appear consistent with the forward shock synchrotron peak passing through the optical and are therefore likely the beginning of the afterglow. On hour timescales after the burst, the X-ray and optical light curves are inconsistent with an adiabatic expansion of the shock into the surrounding region, but rather indicate that there is a period of energy injection. Observations at late times allow us to constrain the collimation angle of the relativistic outflow to 6. °8 ≲ θ ≲ 9. °3. Our estimates of both the kinetic energy of the afterglow (EKE = 5.2 × 1051 ergs) and the prompt γ-ray energy release (Eγ = 7.5 × 1051 ergs) make GRB 050820A one of the most energetic events for which such values could be determined.
- BASED DIFFUSE GLOBAL ILLUMINATION

In this paper we present a novel real-time algorith m o compute the global illumination of scenes with dynamic geometry and arbitrarily complex dynamic illumination. We us e a virtual point light (VPL) illumination model on the volume representation of the scene. Light is propagated in void space using an iterative diffusion approach. Unlike other dynamic VPL-based real-time approaches, our method handles occlusion (shadowing and masking) caused by the int erference of geometry and is able to estimate diffuse inter-refl ections from multiple light bounces.
Evidence of Negligible Parenting Influences on Self‐Control, Delinquent Peers, and Delinquency in a Sample of Twins

Behavioral genetic findings continue to call into question the dominant role of parental influence. Utilizing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we assess the association between parenting behaviors and child self‐control, delinquent peer formation, and delinquency. Our results indicate that genetic influences and non‐shared environmental influences account for variation in these outcomes. We discuss these findings as they relate to theorizing about the role and function of parenting in the etiology of unique traits and behaviors.
Stallion Sperm Viability, as Measured by the Nucleocounter SP-100, Is Affected by Extender and Enhanced by Single Layer Centrifugation

On-stud assessment of stallion sperm quality can be problematic. A new instrument, the Nucleocounter SP-100, was validated for measuring stallion sperm concentration and viability. It was subsequently used to evaluate sperm viability in Kenney's extender and INRA96. There was a strong correlation between sperm concentrations measured by the Nucleocounter SP-100 and by the Bürker counting chamber (r = 0.84; P < .001). Similarly, there was a good correlation between sperm viability results from the Nucleocounter SP-100 and flow cytometric results (r = 0.73; P < .001). Sperm viability at 24 hours was significantly better for samples extended in INRA96 than in Kenney's extender (P < .001). Furthermore, sperm kinematics were better for stored samples in INRA96 than in Kenney's extender. Single Layer Centrifugation selected spermatozoa that maintained their viability better during storage for 24 hours than the uncentrifuged samples. In conclusion, the type of semen extender used and Single Layer Centrifugation were found to influence both the kinematics and viability of stallion spermatozoa. The Nucelocounter-SP100 was considered to be a useful instrument for rapidly measuring stallion sperm concentration and viability.
Human Resource Assessment in Software Development Projects Using Fuzzy Linguistic 2-Tuples

Proper selection and allocation of human resources to software development tasks is one of the key challenges in software development projects. In this paper we present a fuzzy linguistic approach that supports the selection of suitable human resources based on their skills and the required skills for each project task. The proposed approach uses 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic terms and results in an objective aggregation of the ratings of required task related skills and provided skills from candidate human resources. The approach applies a group-based, multi-criteria, similarity degree-based aggregation algorithm. To reflect the contribution of one skill to the learning of other skills, the approach also considers possible relationships between skills. A numerical example is presented as a proof of concept to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
A Cysteine-rich Domain Defined by a Novel Exon in aSlo Variant in Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and PC12 Cells*

cDNA libraries from rat chromaffin cells and PC12 cells were screened for homologs to the mouse mSlo gene that encodes a large conductance, calcium (Ca2+)- and voltage-activated potassium channel (BK channel). One Slovariant contained sequence encoding a cysteine-rich, 59-amino acid insert for a previously described site of alternative splicing. This insert is reminiscent of zinc-finger domains. The exon was found in RNA from pancreas, anterior pituitary, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Expression in Xenopus oocytes of a Sloconstruct containing this exon conferred a −30 to −20 mV shift of the conductance-voltage curve. A previously uncharacterized alternative splice junction near the C-terminal end of Slo was also identified. In contrast to BK channels in rat chromaffin cells, none of the Slo variants exhibited inactivation when expressed inXenopus oocytes. PCR screening of chromaffin cell RNA failed to reveal a homolog of an accessory β subunit known to influence Slo channel function. Furthermore, a β-subunit-dependent Slo channel activator, dehydrosoyasaponin I, was without effect on chromaffin cell BK current. The results argue that an accessory subunit may not be a required component of the native chromaffin cell BK channel.
The Necessity of Each Phase of the Learning Cycle in Teaching High School Physics.

The learning cycle is a method of teaching—it is also a curriculum organization principle and is derived directly from the mental functioning model invented by Piaget. Although Jean Piaget contributed to the formation of the learning cycle (Piaget, 1973), its present structure has to be attributed to Dr. Robert Karplus and the persons who developed the materials of the Science Curriculum Improvement Study (SCIS). It was through the SCIS activities that many of us learned how to develop curricula and teach with the learning cycle. The learning cycle is built upon the premise that three distinct phases are necessary in developing understanding of a concept, that those phases have a definite sequence, and each phase has a definite structure or form. The research done in testing the form variable has already been reported in this journal (Renner, Abraham, & Birnie, 1985). This report explores whether or not each learning-cycle phase is necessary in learning a concept.