Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimistic Data Mining Approach for Handling Large Data Set using Data Partitioning Techniques

The use of the Internet for various purposes leads to collection of large volume of data. The knowledge contents of large data can be utilized to improve decision-making process of an organization. The knowledge discovery on this high volume data becomes very slow, as it has to be done serially on currently available terabyte plus data sets. In some cases, mining of large data set may become impossible due to limitations of processor and memory. The proposed algorithm is based on Tim Oates and Davis Jensen's (1) findings which state that increasing size of training data does not considerably increase classification accuracy of a classifier. The proposed algorithm also follows survival of the fittest principal used in genetic algorithm. The solution provides partitioning algorithm wherein decision trees can be learned on partitioned data that are disjoint subsets of a complete data set. These learned decision trees have comparable accuracies with each other and that is equivalent to the tree learned on complete data set. The algorithm finds a single tree with highest accuracy amongst the learned decision trees. The selected decision tree is used for classification of unseen data. The results on 12 benchmark data sets from UCI data repository indicate that the final learned decision tree have equal accuracy and in many cases, significant improvement in classification accuracy is observed, improvement in classification performance as compared to decision trees learned on the entire data set. An experiment on big data set Census-income (KDD) also supports the claim. The most important aspect of this approach is that it is very simple as compared to other methods with enhanced classification performance. fittest. 1. INTRODUCTIONvolume of data in databases is growing to quite large sizes, both in the number of attributes and instances. Data mining provides tools for discovery of relationships, patterns, and knowledge in databases. Organizations use these databases to inference rules to boost their businesses. Data mining on a very large set of records from a database is quite complex task. The number of data records may overload a computer systems memory and processor making the learning process very slow. Data sets used for inference may be very large, may be up to terabytes. The solution to handle the large training data set is the divide and conquers technique. The proposed technique partitions given data set horizontally into number of non- overlapping subsets, trains classifiers on data and uses, the fittest solution amongst them for data mining task.
3 D Face Recognition Based on Multiple Keypoint Descriptors and Sparse Representation

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in developing methods for 3D face recognition. However, 3D scans often suffer from the problems of missing parts, large facial expressions, and occlusions. To be useful in real-world applications, a 3D face recognition approach should be able to handle these challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel general approach to deal with the 3D face recognition problem by making use of multiple keypoint descriptors (MKD) and the sparse representation-based classification (SRC). We call the proposed method 3DMKDSRC for short. Specifically, with 3DMKDSRC, each 3D face scan is represented as a set of descriptor vectors extracted from keypoints by meshSIFT. Descriptor vectors of gallery samples form the gallery dictionary. Given a probe 3D face scan, its descriptors are extracted at first and then its identity can be determined by using a multitask SRC. The proposed 3DMKDSRC approach does not require the pre-alignment between two face scans and is quite robust to the problems of missing data, occlusions and expressions. Its superiority over the other leading 3D face recognition schemes has been corroborated by extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark databases, Bosphorus, GavabDB, and FRGC2.0. The Matlab source code for 3DMKDSRC and the related evaluation results are publicly available at http://sse.tongji.edu.cn/linzhang/3dmkdsrcface/3dmkdsrc.htm. Citation: Zhang L, Ding Z, Li H, Shen Y, Lu J (2014) 3D Face Recognition Based on Multiple Keypoint Descriptors and Sparse Representation. PLOS ONE 9(6): e100120. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0100120 Editor: Yang Zhang, University of Michigan, United States of America Received April 23, 2014; Accepted May 21, 2014; Published June 18, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Zhang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. CVRL Datasets. Available: http://www3.nd. edu/ ,cvrl. Accessed 2014 Mar 30. Funding: This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos. 61201394 and 61303112, the Shanghai Pujiang Program under grant nos. 13PJ1408700 and 13PJ1433200, the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under grant no. 12ZZ029, the National Basic Research Program of China under grant no. 2013CB967101, and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Safety (Nanjing University of Science and Technology) under grant No. 30920140122007. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: yingshen@tongji.edu.cn
Information content of biometric features

How much information is there in a face, or a fingerprint? In this paper we elaborate an approach to address this question based on information theory reasoning. In order to motivate our approach, we initially consider the properties that such a measure should have. Consider a soft biometric system which measures height and weight; furthermore, assume all humans are uniformly and independently distributed in height between 100–200 cm and weight between 100–200 lb. If a person’s features were completely stable and could be measured with infinite accuracy, people could be uniquely identified from these measurements, and the biometric features could be considered to yield infinite information. However, in reality, repeated biometric measurements give different results due to measurement inaccuracies, and to shortand long-term changes in the biometric features themselves. If this variability results in an uncertainty of ± 5 cm and±5 lb, one simple model would be to round each measure measure to 105, 115, . , 195. In this case, there are 10× 10 equiprobable outcomes, and an information content oflog2(100) = 6.6 bits. Such an analysis is intrinsically tied to a choice of biometric features. Thus, it does not appear possible to answer “how much information is in a fingerprint? ”, but only “how much information is in the position and angle data of fingerprint minutiae? ”. Furthermore, for many biometrics, it is not clear what the underlying features are. Face images, for example, can be described by image basis features or landmark based features. To overcome this, we may choose to calculate the information in all possible features. In the example, we may provide height in inches as well as cm; however, in this case, a good measure of information must not increase with such redundant data. Additionally, the following issues associated with biometric features must be considered:
Regulation of Rad17 Protein Turnover Unveils an Impact of Rad17-APC Cascade in Breast Carcinogenesis and Treatment*

Background: Abrogated Rad17-APC axis is involved in genome instability and tumorigenesis. Results: Proteolytic regulation of Rad17 is involved in breast tumorigenesis and could be targeted for chemosensitization. Conclusion: Regulation of Rad17 turnover is important in the maintenance of genome stability and carcinogenesis. Significance: Demonstration of impact of Rad17 turnover regulation in genome stability, tumorigenesis, and chemosensitization. Aberrant regulation of DNA damage checkpoint function leads to genome instability that in turn can predispose cellular tissues to become cancerous. Previous works from us and others demonstrated the role of Rad17 in either activation or termination of DNA damage checkpoint function. In the current study, we have revealed the unexpected accumulation of Rad17 in various types of breast cancer cell lines as well as human breast cancer tissues. We observed that Rad17 protein turnover rate in breast epithelial cells is much faster than in breast cancer cells, where the turnover of Rad17 is regulated by the Cdh1/APC pathway. We further observed that Rad17-mediated checkpoint function is modulated by proteolysis. Stabilization of Rad17 disrupts cellular response to chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA damage and enhances cellular transformation. In addition, manipulation of Rad17 by RNA interference or stabilization of Rad17 significantly sensitize breast cancer cell to various chemotherapeutic drugs. Our present results indicate the manipulation of Rad17 proteolysis could be a valuable approach to sensitize breast cancer cell to the chemotherapeutic treatment despite of the critical role in governing DNA damage response and cellular recovery from genotoxic stress.
Single Image Dehazing via Large Sky Region Segmentation and Multiscale Opening Dark Channel Model

Outdoor images acquired under poor weather conditions are usually contaminated by suspended particles and aerosols in the atmosphere. These captured images easily suffer from contrast reduction, low visibility, and color distortion. In this paper, we develop a novel single image dehazing method based on large sky region segmentation and multiscale opening dark channel model (MODCM). First, a simple but effective method for large sky region detection based on SVM classification is presented, which can be considered as the first step of atmospheric light estimation. Then, two different strategies are utilized for obtaining a more accurate estimate of the atmospheric light according to the mentioned detection result. Furthermore, MODCM can adaptively make use of different patch sizes to calculate the dark channel according to different edge levels, which can prevent halo artifacts near edges of depth discontinuity. In addition, the gradient domain guided filter is adopted to refine the initial transmission map due to its accuracy near edges. Finally, the haze-free image can be obtained through correcting the colors of the sky region and combining the sky and non-sky region. Experimental results on different kinds of hazy images indicate that our proposed approach can produce the visually desirable results with genuine color and high scene visibility, even superior than the other state-of-the-art dehazing methods.
Hand-made and Computed Links, Precomputed and Dynamic Links

There are alternative approaches to link creation in hypermedia applications. The first distinction differs in the direct or indirect involvement of a human author in the process. The second distinction among computed links refers to when the computation is done, i.e. whether links are dynamically computed or precomputed. The aim is to investigate the relative merits of these different approaches. The approaches are exemplified with three projects familiar to the authors. While most of the paper is concerned with raising the issues involved, it also outlines two methodologies to help hypermedia designers choose the best approach or combination of them to include in their developments, depending on the type of application, data characteristics and user and operational requirements.
Tissue specific regulation of glucocorticoids in severe obesity and the response to significant weight loss following bariatric surgery (BARICORT).

CONTEXT Tissue cortisol exposure is under the control of the isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). 11β-HSD1 in vivo, acts as an oxoreductase converting inactive cortisone to active cortisol. We hypothesized that 11β-HSD1 activity is dysregulated in obesity and alters following bariatric surgery induced weight loss in different tissues. METHODS We recruited 21 patients prior to undergoing bariatric surgery and performed cortisol generation profiles (following oral cortisone administration), urinary corticosteroid metabolite analysis, adipose tissue microdialysis, and tissue gene expression before and after weight loss, following bariatric surgery. Archived tissue samples from 20 previous bariatric surgery patients were also used for tissue gene expression studies. RESULTS Gene expression showed a positive correlation with 11β-HSD1 and BMI in omental adipose tissue (OM) (r = +0.52, P = .0001) but not sc adipose tissue (r = +0.28, P = .17). 11β-HSD1 expression in liver negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.37, P = .04). 11β-HSD1 expression in sc adipose tissue was significantly reduced after weight loss (0.41 ± 0.28 vs 0.17 ± 0.1 arbitrary units, P = .02). Following weight loss, serum cortisol generation increased during a cortisol generation profile (area under the curve 26 768 ± 16 880 vs 47 579 ± 16 086 nmol/L/minute, P ≤ .0001.) Urinary corticosteroid metabolites demonstrated a significant reduction in total cortisol metabolites after bariatric surgery (15 224 ± 6595 vs 8814 ± 4824 μg/24 h, P = .01). Microdialysis of sc adipose tissue showed a threefold reduction in cortisol/cortisone ratio after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the differences in tissue specific regulation of cortisol metabolism in obesity and after weight loss. Following bariatric surgery hepatic 11β-HSD1 activity increases, sc adipose tissue 11β-HSD1 activity is reduced and total urinary cortisol metabolites are reduced indicating a possible reduction in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis drive. 11β-HSD1 expression correlates positively with BMI in omental adipose tissue and negatively within hepatic tissue. 11β-HSD1 expression is reduced in sc adipose tissue after weight loss.
ICE: Inline calibration for memristor crossbar-based computing engine

The emerging neuromorphic computation provides a revolutionary solution to the alternative computing architecture and effectively extends Moore's Law. The discovery of the memristor presents a promising hardware realization of neuromorphic systems with incredible power efficiency, allowing efficiently executing the analog matrix-vector multiplication on the memristor crossbar architecture. However, during computations, the memristor will slowly drift from its initial programmed state, leading to a gradual decline of the computation precision of memristor crossbar-based computing engine (MCE). In this paper, we propose an inline calibration mechanism to guarantee the computation quality of the MCE. The inline calibration mechanism collects the MCE's computation error through `interrupt-and-benchmark (I&B)' operations and predicts the best calibration time through polynomial fitting of the computation error data. We also develop an adaptive technique to adjust the time interval between two neighbor I&B operations and minimize the negative impact of the I&B operation on system performance. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed inline calibration mechanism achieves a calibration efficiency of 91.18% on average and negligible performance overhead (i.e., 0.439%).
Software Quality Requirement Analysis on Educational Mobile Game with Tourism Theme

Mobile game is one type of game that runs on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs. In previous research, we have proposed quality model for mobile game which is a quality model that was built to measure quality from mobile games. This model was built from quality requirements that were analyzed for mobile games. Educational mobile game is education game genre with mobile based that aimed to learning, then the quality requirements maybe will different compared to other games. This research was conducted by analyzing the mobile game's quality requirements that specific for educational games genre in order to generate new quality requirements that are specific to the mobile educational game. The case studies that become an evaluation of current research are the tourism of Riau province, Indonesia. So the mobile educational game that will design later is a mobile educational game that contains about tourism in Riau province. To get a list of criteria for this case, then we conducted a survey of several users, and also formed a group discussion forum along with a tourism ambassador of Riau province, so that the quality requirements will be more reliable. So the proposed quality requirements may become a reference to build a game product that has a good quality based on the user's perspective.
On "Axiomatising Finite Concurrent Processes"

In his pioneering paper [Axiomatising finite concurrent processes, SIAM J. Comput. , 17 (1988), pp. 997--1017], Hennessy gave complete axiomatizations of Milner's observational congruence and of t-observational congruence which made use of an auxiliary operation to axiomatize parallel composition. Unfortunately, those axiomatizations turn out to be flawed due to the subtle interplay between Hennessy's auxiliary parallel operator and synchronization. The aim of this paper is to present correct versions of the equational characterizations given in Hennessy's paper. Some of the problems which arise in giving operational semantics to the auxiliary operators used by Bergstra and Klop and Hennessy in the theory of congruences like Milner's observational congruence are also discussed.
Direct Coupling of HPTLC with MALDI-TOF MS for Qualitative Detection of Flavonoids on Phytochemical Fingerprints.

INTRODUCTION Thin layer chromatographic fingerprints of plant raw materials and extracts for food and pharma applications often focus on phenol carbonic acids and flavonoids. The visual detection and comparison of Rf values of applied reference substances only renders limited phytochemical information. Recently, direct coupling of TLC with MALDI-TOF MS has been successfully applied for analysis of biologically relevant compounds such as lipids. The mass analysis of low molecular weight TLC or HPTLC fingerprints of flavonoids has, to our knowledge, not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES In this study, the feasibility of direct coupling of HPTLC with UV-MALDI-TOF MS for determination of molecular mass of the ubiquitously present flavonol glycoside, rutin, and flavone glycoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, as well as their corresponding aglycones, quercetin and luteolin, is demonstrated. METHODOLOGY HPTLC plate suitable for combination with a MALDI MS adapter was used for chromatographic separation of compounds of interest. After separation, the plate was sprayed with 2,5 dihydroxybenzoic acid as a MALDI matrix using an automated spraying device. After drying, the developed chromatograms were scanned by UV-MALDI-TOF MS in positive mode with a spatial resolution of 0.2 mm. RESULTS All compounds studied were distinctly detected in MALDI-TOF mass spectra. This is particularly pertinent for the co-eluted aglycones luteolin and quercetin, which could not have been distinguished by the common visual HPTLC derivatisation and evaluation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for the analysis of low molecular weight fingerprints of flavonoids directly from their HPTLC chromatogram. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the performance of streaming numerical kernels on the IBM Blue Gene/P PowerPC 450 processor

Several emerging petascale architectures use energy-efficient processors with vectorized computational units and in-order thread processing. On these architectures the sustained performance of streaming numerical kernels, ubiquitous in the solution of partial differential equations, represents a challenge despite the regularity of memory access. Sophisticated optimization techniques are required to fully utilize the CPU. We propose a new method for constructing streaming numerical kernels using a high-level assembly synthesis and optimization framework. We describe an implementation of this method in Python targeting the IBM® Blue Gene®/P supercomputer’s PowerPC® 450 core. This paper details the high-level design, construction, simulation, verification, and analysis of these kernels utilizing a subset of the CPU’s instruction set. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by implementing several three-dimensional stencil kernels over a variety of cached memory scenarios and analyzing the mechanically scheduled variants, including a 27-point stencil achieving a 1.7 × speedup over the best previously published results.
Comparative Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Constitutive Models with Experimental Data

This paper presents research aimed at reviewing and comparing constitutive models for Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) behavior under uniaxial loading with experimental data over the entire thermomechanical range of test conditions. Three commonly used representative constitutive models predicting quasistatic SMA behavior – Tanaka, Liang and Rogers, and Brinson are examined, and are compared with experiments under quasistatic loading conditions. Important distinctions regarding the definition of material constants in these models are pointed out, and the method of obtaining material parameters from experiments is presented. Observations regarding substantial differences between resistive and environmental heating methods of the wire are also presented. It is shown that most of the models are in good overall agreement with isothermal and constrained recovery test data. Several observations regarding the comparison of model predictions with experimental test data and the implementation of the models in a formal code are discussed. Experimental characteristics observed under nonquasistatic loading are used to point out some deficiencies in these models, and the necessity for modeling refinements incorporating these effects is discussed.
Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif Containing (TMBIM) Family Proteins Perturbs a trans-Golgi Network Enzyme, Gb3 Synthase, and Reduces Gb3 Biosynthesis*

Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a well known receptor for Shiga toxin (Stx), produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. The expression of Gb3 also affects several diseases, including cancer metastasis and Fabry disease, which prompted us to look for factors involved in its metabolism. In the present study, we isolated two cDNAs that conferred resistance to Stx-induced cell death in HeLa cells by expression cloning: ganglioside GM3 synthase and the COOH terminus region of glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-d-asparate-associated protein 1 (GRINA), a member of the transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing (TMBIM) family. Overexpression of the truncated form, named GRINA-C, and some members of the full-length TMBIM family, including FAS inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2), reduced Gb3, and lactosylceramide was accumulated instead. The change of glycolipid composition was restored by overexpression of Gb3 synthase, suggesting that the synthase is affected by GRINA-C and FAIM2. Interestingly, the mRNA level of Gb3 synthase was unchanged. Rather, localization of the synthase as well as TGN46, a trans-Golgi network marker, was perturbed to form punctate structures, and degradation of the synthase in lysosomes was enhanced. Furthermore, GRINA-C was associated with Gb3 synthase. These observations may demonstrate a new type of posttranscriptional regulation of glycosyltransferases.