Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Macrophages in Early Host Resistance to Respiratory Acinetobacter baumannii Infection

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging bacterial pathogen that causes nosocomial pneumonia and other infections. Although it is recognized as an increasing threat to immunocompromised patients, the mechanism of host defense against A. baumannii infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the potential role of macrophages in host defense against A. baumannii infection using in vitro macrophage culture and the mouse model of intranasal (i.n.) infection. Large numbers of A. baumannii were taken up by alveolar macrophages in vivo as early as 4 h after i.n. inoculation. By 24 h, the infection induced significant recruitment and activation (enhanced expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC-II) of macrophages into bronchoalveolar spaces. In vitro cell culture studies showed that A. baumannii were phagocytosed by J774A.1 (J774) macrophage-like cells within 10 minutes of co-incubation, and this uptake was microfilament- and microtubule-dependent. Moreover, the viability of phagocytosed bacteria dropped significantly between 24 and 48 h after co-incubation. Infection of J774 cells by A. baumannii resulted in the production of large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and moderate amounts of nitric oxide (NO). Prior treatment of J774 cells with NO inhibitors significantly suppressed their bactericidal efficacy (P<0.05). Most importantly, in vivo depletion of alveolar macrophages significantly enhanced the susceptibility of mice to i.n. A. baumannii challenge (P<0.01). These results indicate that macrophages may play an important role in early host defense against A. baumannii infection through the efficient phagocytosis and killing of A. baumannii to limit initial pathogen replication and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines for the rapid recruitment of other innate immune cells such as neutrophils.
Liberating Content : Adaptive Middleware for Providing Content-Centric Networking Support

This paper investigates the role of middleware in deploying contentcentric networks. A middleware called Juno is described, exploiting recent observations that applications rarely have an interest in how or where their content (e.g. videos, software updates) is obtained from as long as it is delivered within certain requirement bounds. Juno provides a high level abstraction through which applications can request content agnostic to its underlying delivery. This abstraction subsequently allows dynamic (re)configuration, through software reflection, based on flexible and extensible runtime meta-data. The entire process involves the location of content sources alongside the selection of the most optimal available delivery scheme. The middleware then reconfigures to interact with this choice, providing transparent interoperation for the application. Juno has been evaluated by deploying a number of casestudies on the Emulab testbed. It is shown that traditional applications, deployed with static, design-time selected delivery schemes cannot compete with Juno’s approach of dynamic selection. Further, through distributed adaptation it is shown how Juno can adapt to environmental variations.
Performance-Driven Unit-Capacitor Placement of Successive-Approximation-Register ADCs

The performance of many switched-capacitor analog integrated circuits, such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and sample and hold circuits, is directly related to their accurate capacitance ratios. In general, capacitor mismatch can result from two sources of errors: random mismatch and systematic mismatch. Paralleling unit capacitance (UC) with a common-centroid structure can alleviate the random mismatch errors. The complexity of generating an optimal solution to the UC placement problem is extremely high, let alone if both placement and routing problems are to be optimized simultaneously. This article evaluates the performance of the UC placement generated in an existing work and proposes an alternative UC placement to achieve optimal ratio mismatch M and better linearity performance of SAR ADC design. Results show that the proposed UC placement achieves a ratio mismatch of M = 0.695, the effective number of bits ENOB = 8.314 bits, and the integral nonlinearity INL = 0.816 LSB (least significant bits) for a 9-bit SAR ADC design.
Post-stroke depression and lesion location: A hospital based cross-sectional study

Background: Depression is a common neuro-psychiatric consequence of stroke, affecting approximately 40% of the patients. Many studies show that in addition to the psychosocial stress, neurobiological factors such as site of infarct and brain atrophy may also be related to Post Stroke Depression (PSD). There are conflicting results in this area of research and paucity of such data in Indian literature. Thus the aim of this study is to weigh the importance of lesion location in PSD. Materials and Methods: Sixty two subjects with their first ever stroke were interviewed using a semi-structured proforma and PSD diagnosed using MINI Plus interview. Scales of Beck Depression Inventory and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale were used to assess severity of depression. Mini mental state examination was used to assess cognitive impairment and Barthel Index to measure Activities of Daily Living. Neuro-imaging provided information on site and side of lesion. Collected data was analysed using SPSS version 15.0. Results: PSD was diagnosed in 28 subjects, amongst who 19 had left sided lesions. Left sided cortical infarcts and sub cortical infarcts showed statistically significant association with PSD. Conclusion: Results are in keeping with previous landmark studies. Differences in emotional reactions depending on hemisphere and site of the infarct as shown in this study suggest organic biological basis for post stroke depression. Understanding the etiological basis would allow clinicians to monitor patients at risk of developing PSD, enabling early detection and treatment thus improving their quality of life and rehabilitation.
Pengaruh Penambahan Modulator Asamb Asetat Pada Sintesis Metal Organic Framework Tipe HKUST-1

Material HKUST-1 dengan rumus molekul [Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3]. xH2O berhasil disintesis dengan prekursor tembaga nitrat dan trimesic acid menggunakan metode solvotermal dalam pelarut etanol:DMF dan penambahan modulator asam asetat. Sintesis dilakukan dalam autoklaf berlapis teflon pada suhu 100 °C selama 10 jam. Campuran kemudian disaring dan padatan yang diperoleh dicuci dengan metanol sehingga didapatkan serbuk biru. Serbuk biru HKUST-1 dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEMEDX, dan absorbsi-desorbsi Nitrogen. Masing-masing padatan menghasilkan puncak karakteristik HKUST-1 dengan kristanilitas yang tinggi pada penambahan asam asetat dengan jumlah tertentu dan menunjukkan ukuran partikel yang berbeda. Penambahan ekuivalen modulator asam asetat dalam kondisi optimum menyebabkan ukuran kristal HKUST-1 yang semakin kecil sedangkan penambahan volume modulator asam asetat secara berlebih menyebabkan ukuran kristal yang semakin besar dan tidak beraturan. ========================================================================================================= Metal Organic Framework typed HKUST-1 with molecular formula of [Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3]. xH2O have been synthesized using copper nitrate and trimesic acid as precursor using solvothermal method in etanol:DMF as a solvent with addition of acetic acid as a modulator. The synthesis was performed using teflon-lined autoclave at 100 °C for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with methanol to obtain the blue powder. The blue powder of HKUST-1 were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEMEDX, and Nitrogen adsorbtion-desorbtion measurements. Each of powder are obtained having high crystanillity with a number of specific acetic acid addition and showing a difference particle size of crystal. The addition of acetic acid modulator in optimum condition can lead crystal size smaller while an excess addition of acetic acid modulator can lead to a bigger particle size and bulk crystal.
A Radix-2 Non-Restoring 32-b/32-b Ring Divider with Asynchronous Control Scheme

Division operation is very important in the computer system. Nowadays people use a hardware module─divider to implement the division algorithm. Conventionally synchronous techniques are applied to implement the divider. The synchronous systems always need system clock signals to trigger the system. However, the system clock of the synchronous system may cause some problems, such as clock skew, dynamic power consumption, . , etc. Compared to synchronous systems, asynchronous circuits do not need system clock signals and thus the asynchronous system does not have the shortcomings mentioned above. Here we will propose a new asynchronous architecture for the divider. In this asynchronous scheme, the architecture is of simplicity and is very easy for the VLSI implementation. By this asynchronous architecture, we use TSMC’s 0.6um SPDM process to design a 32-b/32-b radix-2 non-restoring divider and the spice simulation proves it works. The HSPICE simulation shows that it can finish a 32-b/32-b division in between 3.7ns to 160.2ns.
Percolation Thresholds of Updated Posteriors for Tracking Causal Markov Processes in Complex Networks

Percolation on complex networks has been used to study computer viruses, epidemics, and other casual processes. Here, we present conditions for the existence of a network specific, observation dependent, phase transition in the updated posterior of node states resulting from actively monitoring the network. Since traditional percolation thresholds are derived using observation independent Markov chains, the threshold of the posterior should more accurately model the true phase transition of a network, as the updated posterior more accurately tracks the process. These conditions should provide insight into modeling the dynamic response of the updated posterior to active intervention and control policies while monitoring large complex networks.
Active metabolites of dipyrone induce a redox-dependent activation of the ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1

Abstract Introduction: The nonopioid analgesic and antipyretic dipyrone (metamizol) is frequently used worldwide. Dipyrone is a prodrug, and the metabolites 4-N-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) seem to induce analgesia and antipyresia in part by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. In mice, however, the analgesic effect of dipyrone also seems to depend on the ion channel TRPA1. In this study, we explored the effects of dipyrone and its active metabolites on recombinant and native TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. Methods: Constructs human (h) TRPA1 and TRPV1 were expressed in HEK293 cells, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were isolated from adult mice. Effects of dipyrone, MAA, and AA were explored by means of whole-cell patch clamp recordings and ratiometric calcium imaging. Results: Dipyrone failed to activate both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. However, both MAA and AA evoked small outwardly rectifying membrane currents and an increase of intracellular calcium in cells expressing hTRPA1 or hTRPV1. MAA also sensitized both channels and thus potentiated inward currents induced by carvacrol (hTRPA1) and protons (hTRPV1). MAA-induced activation was inhibited by the antioxidant 10-mM glutathione included in the pipette, and the mutant constructs hTRPA1-C621/C641/C665S and hTRPV1-C158A/C391S/C767S were insensitive to both MAA and AA. Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons exhibited a marginal calcium influx when challenged with MAA. Conclusion: The metabolites MAA and AA, but not dipyrone itself, activate and sensitize the nociceptive ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 in a redox-dependent manner. These effects may be relevant for dipyrone-induced analgesia and antipyresia.
Verifying the CPS Transformation in Isabelle/HOL

We verified two versions of the CPS transformation in Isabelle/HOL: one by Plotkin and one by Danvy and Filinski. We adopted first order abstract syntax so that the formalization is close to that of hand-written proofs and compilers. To simplify treatment of fresh variables introduced by the transformation we introduce parameterized first order abstract syntax implemented as a polymorphic datatype. The verification of Danvy and Filinski’s transformation requires us to reformulate the transformation in several respects. We also need to consider α-equivalence of terms for the verification. To make automatic theorem proving possible to some extent, we reformulate α-equivalence as a syntax-directed deductive system.
Evaluation of Microscopy, Culture and PCR Methods in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Genito-urinary Tuberculosis

Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with more than 90% of cases occurring in developing countries. In GUTB, the kidneys are the most common sites of infection and are infected through hematogenous spread of the bacilli, which then spread through the renal and genital tract. Diagnosis of TB is often delayed owing to the nonspecific nature of its presentation; therefore, a high degree of suspicion should be exercised and a systematic approach should be taken during investigation. The aim of this study was to apply bleach concentration method for detection of AFB in 5-day morning urine samples obtained from the suspects of urinary tuberculosis and to correlate the results with conventional Zeihl Neelsen (ZN) staining, TB culture and TB-PCR. A total of 46 samples were studied from clinically suspected cases of urinary tuberculosis. All the samples were processed for conventional ZN staining, Bleach concentration followed by ZN staining, TB culture on LJ media and TB-PCR (IS 6110) by standard protocols. Out of the 46 samples evaluated all were negative (0%) by conventional ZN staining, while the positivity increased to 7(15.22%) by bleach concentration method, the gold standard i.e. TB culture had 9(19.56%) positive and the TB-PCR gave 4(8.69%) positive. The results revealed that bleach concentration method was superior to conventional ZN staining method and TB-PCR. Though TB culture was found to be the best method, but it takes a long time for the diagnosis.
Improving the Accuracy of the Naïve Bayes Classifier Using Feature Selection

— Machine learning history has a long list of problems regarding classification. One of the simplest and well performing classifier is Naïve Bayes Model. However, a natural issue that occurs with this classifier is that all attributes used to explain an instance are assumed to be conditionally independent given the class. This inevitably results is a decrement in the accuracy of the classifier and also due to interaction omission. In this paper, we focus to put more importance on more accurate model using feature selection technique which focuses on eliminating low information feature. Chi square method is explained which boosts the process of feature selection thereby improving efficiency of the system.
Behavioral and Hormonal Consequences of Transporting Giant Pandas From China to the United States

Zoological institutions strive to ensure the welfare of nonhuman animals in captivity. Part of this effort involves reducing the level of distress experienced by an animal to the greatest extent possible. However, some necessary zoo management practices such as transportation induce stress responses. An extensive literature exists concerning the animal welfare implications of road transportation for farm and laboratory animals. There has, however, been little focus on the effects of air transportation on wild animals in captivity. Because many endangered species are transported by air for breeding purposes, it is especially important to study the effects of stress on these species. This study investigated the behavioral and hormonal consequences of transporting 4 giant pandas (2 male–female pairs) by air from China to the United States. An autoregressive test revealed that urinary cortisol measures were highest for 2 subjects, Lun Lun and Tian Tian, during the flight than during the remainder of the 30-day period posttransport (p < .01). No long-term behavioral changes or problems emerged as a result of the transport. The study found that more research is needed to develop a complete understanding of transportation stress and welfare in captive wildlife.
Validação da escala de atitude em tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação

Resumo Objetivo: Validar uma escala que identifica a atitude de acadêmicos, dos cursos de ciências da saúde, quanto ao uso de tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, realizado com 292 acadêmicos dos cursos de ciências biológicas, enfermagem, nutrição e medicina, e aplicado a Escala de Atitude em Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação para a Saúde com 14 itens. A validação ocorreu por intermédio de um comitê de especialistas envoltos na criação da tradução da versão em língua portuguesa, validação interna, adaptação cultural. Seguida ainda para pré-teste, e, pós-teste, por meio de analise fatorial exploratória, consistência e representabilidade dos componentes da escala. Resultados: Foram validados 14 itens, todos apresentando adequabilidade de constructo, conforme medida de adequabilidade de 0,80 e p<0,000. Ainda, as analises fatoriais produziram uma solução de dois fatores, constructos positivos e negativos, o que permite melhor identificar as atitudes dos acadêmicos. Conclusão: A escala apresentou valores de adequabilidade acima da media para este tipo de instrumento, mostrando ser efetiva para a mensuração do objeto proposto, fornecendo assim, um inovador meio de pesquisas neste campo de atuação.
Explicit convertibility proofs in pure type systems

We define type theory with explicit conversions. When type checking a term in normal type theory, the system searches for convertibility paths between types. The results of these searches are not stored in the term, and need to be reconstructed every time again. In our system, this information is also represented in the term. The system we define has the property that the type derivation of a term has exactly the same structure as the term itself. This has the consequence that there exists a natural LF encoding of such a system in which the encoded type is a dependent parameter of the type of the encoded term. For every Pure Type System we define a system in our style. We show that such a system is always equivalent to the normal system without explicit conversions (even for non-functional systems), in the sense that the typability relation can be lifted. This proof has been fully formalised in the Coq system, building on a formalisation by Vincent Siles. In our system, explicit conversions are not allowed to be removed when checking for convertibility. This means that all terms in convertibility proofs are well typed, even in the sense of our system.
Seminal Fluid Analysis in Iraqi Fertile and Infertile Males Defined by the World Health Organization Criteria of 2010

A total of 116 males with primary infertility and 32 fertile males (normozoospermia; NOR) were studied to evaluate parameters of seminal fluid analysis. Based on WHO criteria of 2010 for general seminal fluid analysis, the patients were distributed into three groups: 32 azoospermic (AZO), 40 oligozoospermic (OLI) and 44 asthenozoospermic (AST) patients. AZO and OLI patients and NOR shared an approximated mean of seminal fluid volume (2.25, 2.75 and 2.50 ml, respectively), while it was significantly increased (3.58 ml) in AST patients.In NOR men, the spermatozoa concentration was 65.13 x 106spermatozoa/ml, while it was significantly decreased in AST (51.42 x 106spermatozoa/ml) and OLI (5.58 x 106spermatozoa /ml) patients. The percentage frequency of progressive motility was significantly decreased in OLI and AST patients as compared to NOR (9.6 and 16.3, respectively vs. 50.6%). In contrast, the non-progressive motile (45.4 and 30.4, respectively vs. 21.9%) or immotile (45.0 and 52.5, respectively vs. 27.5%) spermatozoa were significantly increased in the patients. OLI and AST patients shared an approximated mean of abnormal spermatozoa frequency (56.7 and 58.3%, respectively), but both frequencies were significantly higher than the observed frequency in NOR (23.1%).
A Bridging Fault Model Where Undetectable Faults Imply Logic Redundancy

We define a robust fault model as a model where the existence of an undetectable fault implies the existence of logic redundancy, or more generally, a suboptimality in the synthesis of the circuit. The stuck-at fault model is robust, but other fault models such as certain bridging fault models are not. A robust fault model provides a mechanism to synthesize circuits in which all the target faults are detectable and 100% fault coverage is achievable. The ability to achieve 100% fault coverage, or understand why it is not achievable, is important since the requirement to achieve high test quality translates into a requirement to achieve complete fault coverage for target faults, regardless of the metrics used to measure test quality. We discuss a robust bridging fault model and its use as part of a test generation process for a non-robust bridging fault model (a non-robust bridging fault model may have to be used in order to capture the behavior of bridging defects). We also present experimental results related to the robust bridging fault model.
An investigation of the effect of clay type on coal flotation along with DLVO theoretical analyses

ABSTRACT Coals generally exist with clay minerals, which are very fine-sized minerals, and adversely affect the flotation of coal. For instance, they make the coal surface hydrophilic by coating coal surfaces and therefore, they inhibit bubble-particle attachment. Clay minerals can also cause over-consumption of reagents due to their high surface area. Additionally, clay minerals can transfer into the concentrate during the flotation process by entrainment because of their low weight and small particle size, and thus, increase pulp viscosity and changing froth stability. In this study, the influence of various clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, and bentonite) on the flotation behavior of coal sample was studied in detail by conventional flotation tests. In addition, the values obtained from flotation tests were correlated with theoretical energy barrier values established with classical DLVO theory based on zeta potential values of coal and clay samples measured at different pH values. According to the results of this study, no significant effect of clay minerals was observed on coal flotation. This was probably because of the high floatability of the coal used for this study. Both the results obtained from the experiments and theoretical analysis, DLVO calculations, showed that the type of clay mineral is the main indicator parameter for coal flotation.
Abstractions of varying decentralization degree for coupled multi-agent systems

In this paper, we aim at the development of a decentralized abstraction framework for multi-agent systems under coupled constraints, with the possibility for a varying degree of decentralization. The methodology is based on the analysis employed in our recent work, where decentralized abstractions based exclusively on the information of each agent's neighbors were derived. In the first part of this paper, we define the notion each agent's m-neighbor set, which constitutes a measure for the employed degree of decentralization. Then, sufficient conditions are provided on the space and time discretization that provides the abstract system's model, which guarantee the extraction of a meaningful transition system with quantifiable transition possibilities.