Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local foreground extraction technique for rat walking behavior classification

An important experiment to test effect of new drug in medical science, and brain science is to study rat behaviors. Open-field test such as holeboard model is popular experiment model to analyze rat behavior. Number of each rat behavior in a period of time, example, walking, rearing, and head dip is counted and recorded. This data is compared between before and after using the drug with rat. In present, these rat behaviors are observed and counted by experimenters, that, obviously, it is included human errors easily. In this paper, we proposed a method for improving rat walking behavior classification accuracy by local foreground extraction technique. Webcam is used to record rat behavior and it is mounted over the model 1.5 meters. The proposed method consists of four steps. First, background is constructed for background subtraction by K-Mean clustering technique. Second, foreground as rat is extracted by background subtraction technique. Third step is local extraction. It is applied to complete rat body data from the second step. Finally, rat body length measured by ellipse fitting technique is used for walking behavior classification. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, classification accuracy is measured. Accuracy rate of the proposed method is 83.8%. Results show that accuracy rate of the proposed method is higher than existing method. An advantage of the proposed method is that it improves the accuracy from the existing research.
Correlates of Concurrent Energy Drink and Alcohol Use among Socially Active Adults

Background: Research indicates that energy drink consumption and the combined use of energy drinks and alcohol are popular among young adults, although this research has typically focused on college students. Because of the potential for harms associated with this combination, it is critical to understand use among adults in nightlife scenes who may be most at risk for harms associated with combined energy drink and alcohol consumption. Objectives: By focusing our sample on individuals in a range of nightlife scenes, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the demographic factors associated with energy drink use and combined energy drink and alcohol consumption to benefit the targeting of intervention and prevention efforts beyond college campuses. Methods: Using a field-based survey in New York City to survey adults active in various nightlife scenes, this study reports on the survey results of 1476 venue patrons at venues in five nightlife scenes in addition to college bar scenes. Results: Men, younger individuals, Latinos, and sexual minority individuals reported higher prevalence of recent energy drink consumption. Younger individuals, men, and those recruited in gay venues reported higher prevalence of combining alcohol and energy drinks. Conclusion: These findings provide information useful to target education and prevention efforts. They also suggest the need for additional research to understand differences in motivations for use and in the behavioral and alcohol-related outcomes associated with consuming energy drinks and combining them with alcohol.
A biological method to evaluate bifunctional chelating agents to label antibodies with metallic radionuclides.

UNLABELLED Since the lysosome is a common organelle for protein digestion, pursuing the fate of radiolabeled metabolites after lysosomal proteolysis in liver cells is ideal to evaluate bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs). METHODS We used galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA) and mannosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NMA) as carrier proteins for hepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, respectively. These proteins were labeled with 111In using 1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (SCN-Bz-EDTA) as a model. RESULTS NGA-SCN-Bz-EDTA-111In exhibited rapid accumulation in the hepatic parenchymal cells, followed by hepatobiliary excretion of the metabolites with an elimination rate that was faster and much slower than that of NGA-DTPA-111In and NGA-131I, respectively. This metabolite represented all the radioactivity registered in the liver at 1 hr postinjection. Subcellular distribution studies indicated the metabolites were located only in the lysosome fraction, and the difference in elimination rates of the metabolites from the lysosome fraction was responsible for the variations in radioactivity clearance from the cells. CONCLUSION The biological characteristics of radiolabeled metabolites play a critical role in eliminating the radiolabel from liver cells. The present method portrays a highly useful model to pursue the fate of radiolabeled metabolites in the liver.
On Full Abstraction for PCF: I, II, and III

We present an order-extensional, order (or inequationally) fully abstract model for Scott's language pcf. The approach we have taken is very concrete and in nature goes back to S. C Kleene (1978, in “General Recursion Theory II, Proceedings of the 1977 Oslo Symposium,” North-Holland, Amsterdam) and R. O. Gandy (1993, “Dialogues, Blass Games, Sequentiality for Objects of Finite Type,” unpublished manuscript) in one tradition, and to G. Kahn and G. D. Plotkin (1993, Theoret. Comput. Sci.121, 187? 278) and G. Berry and P.-L. Curien (1982, Theoret. Comput. Sci.20, 265? 321) in another. Our model of computation is based on a kind of game in which each play consists of a dialogue of questions and answers between two players who observe the following principles of civil conversation: 1.Justification. A question is asked only if the dialogue at that point warrants it. An answer is proffered only if a question expecting it has already been asked. 2.Priority. Questions pending in a dialogue are answered on a last-asked-first-answered basis. This is equivalent to Gandy's no-dangling-question-mark condition. We analyze pcf-style computations directly in terms of partial strategies based on the information available to each player when he or she is about to move. Our players are required to play an innocent strategy: they play on the basis of their view which is that part of the history that interests them currently. Views are continually updated as the play unfolds. Hence our games are neither history-sensitive nor history-free. Rather they are view-dependent. These considerations give expression to what seems to us to be the nub of pcf-style higher-type sequentiality in a (dialogue) game-semantical setting.
Fast Image and LiDAR alignment based on 3D rendering in sensor topology

Mobile Mapping Systems are now commonly used in large urban acquisition campaigns. They are often equiped with LiDAR sensors and optical cameras, providing very large multimodal datasets. The fusion of both modalities serves different purposes such as point cloud colorization, geometry enhancement or object detection. However, this fusion task cannot be done directly as both modalities are only coarsely registered. This paper presents a fully automatic approach for LiDAR projection and optical image registration refinement based on LiDAR point cloud 3D renderings. First, a coarse 3D mesh is generated from the LiDAR point cloud using the sensor topology. Then, the mesh is rendered in the image domain. After that, a variational approach is used to align the rendering with the optical image. This method achieves high quality results while performing in very low computational time. Results on real data demonstrate the efficiency of the model for aligning LiDAR projections and optical images.
The distribution of intelligence.

Current criticisms of use of normal curve in assessing intelligence seem to arise from misconceptions both about nature of evidence available and about hypothesis assumed. theoretical evidence suggests that individual differences in intelligence are effect partly of multifactorial and partly of unifactorial inheritance: on this basis distribution to be expected would be bell-shaped, but more or less skewed, i.e. a ‘type IV’ rather than a ‘normal’ curve. empirical evidence is mainly derived from tests scaled independently of resulting distribution. With such methods, provided samples are sufficiently large and complete, frequency-curves obtained exhibit small but significant deviations from strict normality. If, however, specific cases of mental deficiency are omitted, then, for most practical purposes, resulting distributions can be treated as approximately normal.
Targeting retroviral integration

Retroviral vectorsarecurrently themost widely used method ofgenetransfer ingene therapy, inpartbecause theretroviral integration systemprecisely links thetherapeutic sequencestothehost chromosome with neat covalent bonds. DNA integration, however, comes with aprice. Retroviral integration systemsshowlittle targetsite specificity, andhaphazard insertions into a patient's chromosomes can createproblems. Integration nearcellular proto-oncogenesmay lead toectopic gene activation andcancer,not a desirable outcome of gene therapy (1). Retroviral integration can also inactivate genes(2). Recent findings on site-specific DNA integration by retroviruses andretrotransposons suggesta strategyforretrovirusbased gene therapy thatavoids
Unique Halloysite Nanotubes–Polyvinyl Alcohol–Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Complemented with Physico–Chemical Characterization

A halloysite nanotubes–polyvinyl alcohol–polyvinylpyrrolidone (HNTs–PVA–PVP) composite has been investigated for a quite long time aiming at improving the physico–chemical characterization of HNTs. In this work, HNTs–PVA–PVP composite were prepared based on a unique procedure characterized by crosslinking two polymers with HNTs. The composite of two polymers were modified by treating HNTs with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and by using malonic acid (MA) as a crosslinker. The composite was also treated by adding the dispersion agent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The HNTs–PVA–PVP composite shows better characteristics regarding agglomeration when HNTs is treated in advance by H3PO4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), brunauer–emmett–teller (BET), size distribution, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the physio-chemical properties of the composite. FTIR shows additional peaks at 2924.29, 1455.7, and 682.4 cm−1 compared to the neat HNTs due to adding MA. Despite that, the XRD spectra do not show a significant difference, the decrease in peak intensity could be attributed to the addition of semi-crystalline PVA and the amorphous PVP. The images taken by TEM and FESEM show the possible effects of MA on the morphology and internal feature of HNTs–PVA–PVP composite treated by MA by showing the deformation of the matrix. The BET surface area increased to 121.1 m2/g compared to the neat HNTs at 59.1 m2/g. This result, the second highest recorded result, is considered a breakthrough in enhancing the properties of HNTs–PVA–PVP composite, and treatment by MA crosslinking may attribute to the size and the number of the pores. The results from these techniques clearly showed that a significant change has occurred for treated HNTs–PVA–PVP composite where MA was added. The characterization of HNTs–PVA–PVP composite with and without treating HNTs and using crosslinker may lead to a better understanding of this new composites as a precursor to possible applications in the dentistry field.
Factor V Leiden Detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism with Mutagenic Primers in a Multiplex Reaction with Pro G20210A--A Novel Technique

Abstract Factor V Leiden (FVL) R506Q and Prothrombin G20210A are clinically important genetic mutations associated with increased susceptibility to venous thrombosis. The objective of our study was to design a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) reaction that allows simultaneous detection of these two mutations. The reaction can be used in routine diagnostic settings. We have analysed 4504 alleles for each mutation with a mutagenic primer-based PCR system with a low failure rate. The system eliminates the false positive FVL G1691A results associated with other PCR/RFLP caused by rare confounding mutations adjacent to restriction endonuclease recognition sites. This multiplex PCR/RFLP reaction is rapid, robust and dependable.
A Sparse Completely Positive Relaxation of the Modularity Maximization for Community Detection

In this paper, we consider the community detection problem under either the stochastic block model (SBM) assumption or the degree-correlated stochastic block model (DCSBM) assumption. The modularity maximization formulation for the community detection problem is NP-hard in general. In this paper, we propose a sparse and low-rank completely positive relaxation for the modularity maximization problem, we then develop an efficient row-by-row (RBR) type block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm to solve the relaxation and prove an $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{N})$ convergence rate to a stationary point where $N$ is the number of iterations. A fast rounding scheme is constructed to retrieve the community structure from the solution. Non-asymptotic high probability bounds on the misclassification rate are established to justify our approach. We further develop an asynchronous parallel RBR algorithm to speed up the convergence. Extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real world networks show that the proposed approach enjoys advantages in both clustering accuracy and numerical efficiency. Our numerical results indicate that the newly proposed method is a quite competitive alternative for community detection on sparse networks with over 50 million nodes.
Full-vectorial beam-propagation method based on the McKee-Mitchell scheme with improved finite-difference formulas

The alternating-direction implicit method proposed by McKee-Mitchell is applied to full-vectorial paraxial wave equations. The high computational efficiency of the present method is demonstrated in comparison with an iterative solver. Novel finite-difference formulas that take into account discontinuities of the fields are proposed and employed to ensure second-order accuracy. Calculations regarding the effective index of rib waveguides show that the present results remarkably agree with values obtained from the modal transverse resonance method.
Dielectric thermal-mechanical analysis and constrained high voltage DC cable rating

For most mass-impregnated (MI) paper insulated HVDC cables, the dielectric strength is found to be weakened when the cable cools, resulting from the creation of dielectric cavities. To better understand the cavity creation, two mechanisms are frequently compared, based on the imperfect impregnation process and sheath plastic deformation respectively. This paper presents an analytical calculation of cable internal pressure, which is applicable to both cavity creation mechanisms. It demonstrates that the two mechanisms can jointly place constraints on the MI cable rating, by limiting the overall rating-related thermal expansion.
A Small-molecule Screen Yields Idiotype-specific Blockers of Neuromyelitis Optica Immunoglobulin G Binding to Aquaporin-4*

Background: A high-throughput cytotoxicity-based screen was developed to identify small-molecule inhibitors of NMO-IgG-AQP4 binding. Results: Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were identified as inhibitors and were shown to bind directly to the NMO monoclonal antibody used for screening but did not interfere with other NMO-IgGs that bound to AQP4. Conclusion: Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles are idiotype-specific to the NMO recombinant monoclonal antibody used for screening. Significance: Our results establish a proof of concept for an antibody-targeted small-molecule blocker strategy to prevent specific antibody-antigen binding. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by binding of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) to AQP4 on astrocytes. A screen was developed to identify inhibitors of NMO-IgG-dependent, complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Screening of 50,000 synthetic small molecules was done using CHO cells expressing human AQP4 and a human NMO recombinant monoclonal antibody (rAb-53). The screen yielded pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles that blocked rAb-53 binding to AQP4 and prevented cytotoxicity in cell culture and spinal cord slice models of NMO. Structure-activity analysis of 82 analogs yielded a blocker with IC50 ∼ 6 μm. Analysis of the blocker mechanism indicated idiotype specificity, as (i) pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles did not prevent AQP4 binding or cytotoxicity of other NMO-IgGs, and (ii) surface plasmon resonance showed specific rAb-53 binding. Antibody structure modeling and docking suggested a putative binding site near the complementarity-determining regions. Small molecules with idiotype-specific antibody targeting may be useful as research tools and therapeutics.
Active resonance wireless power transfer system using phase shift control strategy

Conventionally, both the primary side and the pickup side need series or shunt capacitor compensation to increase transmission efficiency in a wireless power transfer system. In this paper, a wireless power transfer system with an active resonance circuit is proposed. Comparing the diode based rectifier on the pickup side in traditional wireless power transfer systems, a PWM rectifier is exploited for several advantages. The compensation capacitor on the pickup side is replaced by the active resonance circuit for reactive power compensation. Furthermore, the low power transmission efficiency, which is caused by the compensation capacitor malfunction and the resonance tank detuning, could be alleviated in the proposed system. A phase shift control technique is adopted to regulate output power when input power varies. The mathematic model of the propose system is presented, and the influence of parasitic parameters are also analyzed to reach a more precise performance analysis. A 500W prototype is built, and the experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical model and the effectiveness of the system.
Lysine Propionylation Is a Prevalent Post-translational Modification in Thermus thermophilus

Recent studies of protein post-translational modifications revealed that various types of lysine acylation occur in eukaryotic and bacterial proteins. Lysine propionylation, a newly discovered type of acylation, occurs in several proteins, including some histones. In this study, we identified 361 propionylation sites in 183 mid-exponential phase and late stationary phase proteins from Thermus thermophilus HB8, an extremely thermophilic eubacterium. Functional classification of the propionylproteins revealed that the number of propionylation sites in metabolic enzymes increased in late stationary phase, irrespective of protein abundance. The propionylation sites on proteins expressed in mid-exponential and late stationary phases partially overlapped. Furthermore, amino acid frequencies in the vicinity of propionylation sites differed, not only between the two growth phases but also relative to acetylation sites. In addition, 33.8% of mid-exponential phase–specific and 80.0% of late stationary phase–specific propionylations (n ≥ 2) implied that specific mechanisms regulate propionylation in the cell. Moreover, the limited degree of overlap between lysine propionylation (36.8%) and acetylation (49.2%) sites in 67 proteins that were both acetylated and propionylated strongly suggested that the two acylation reactions are regulated separately by specific enzymes and may serve different functions. Finally, we also found that eight propionylation sites overlapped with acetylation sites critical for protein functions such as Schiff-base formation and ligand binding.
Impact of BOX scaling on 30 nm gate length FD SOI MOSFET

This paper presents the first demonstration of ultra-thin BOX FD SOI devices with nominal gate length of 30 nm. The characteristics of FD SOI MOSFETs are investigated in detail as T/sub BOX/ is varied from 5 nm to 145 nm. In addition, optimum design regions of T/sub BOX/ for achieving performance requirements are demonstrated.
DsVD: An Effective Low-Overhead Dynamic Software Vulnerability Discoverer

Dynamic taint analysis based software vulnerability and malware detection is an effective method to detect a wide range of vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, existing systems suffer from requirement of source code, high overhead or shortage of discovery rules, which limit their usage. This paper proposes a low-overhead vulnerability discovery system called DsVD (Dynamic Software Vulnerabilities Discoverer). DsVD works on X86 executables and does not need any hardware change. A new taint state called controlled-taint is introduced to detect more types of vulnerabilities. Our experiments show that DsVD can effectively detect various software vulnerabilities. DsVD incurs very low overhead, only 3.1 times on average forSPECINT2006 benchmarks. With some optimizations such as Irrelevant API Filter and Basic Block Handling, it can reduce runtime overhead by a factor of 4-11 times.
Lack of TXNIP protects against mitochondria-mediated apoptosis , but not against fatty acid-induced , ER-stress-mediated beta cell death Running title : Lipotoxicity and TXNIP

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online October 29, 2009
Experimental Comparison of PAM, CAP, and DMT Modulations in Phosphorescent White LED Transmission Link

In the paper, an experimental comparison of pulse amplitude, carrierless amplitude-phase, and discrete multitone modulations is carried in a visible light communications link employing white phosphorescent light-emitting diode (LED) as a transmitter. By changing the modulation index, the influence of LED nonlinearity on the performance is studied. The results indicate similar performance of pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and carrier-less amplitude-phase (CAP) (with a slight advantage of the former) and substantially worse performance of DMT.
New self-dual codes of length 72

In this paper we obtain at least 61 new singly even (Type I) binary [72,36,12] self-dual codes as a quasi-cyclic codes with m=2 (tailbitting convolutional codes) and at least 13 new doubly even (Type II) binary [72,36,12] self-dual codes by replacing the first row in each circulant in a double circulant code by "all ones" and "all zeros" vectors respectively.