Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of small GTP binding proteins showing GTPase and GTP/ATP binding activities in the ovary of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana , during oogenesis

In the present study, the small GTP binding proteins involved in the regulatory mechanism of vitellogenin (Vg) endocytotic vesicles trafficking were detected, for the first time, in ovaries of the most basal hemimetabolus insect, Periplaneta americana during oogenesis. The ovarian GTPase activities were peaked during previtellogenic and early vitellogenic periods. Such activity coincides with vitellogenin receptors (VgRs) and clathrin early expression during these developmental periods, suggesting the importance of GTPases not only in the process of vesicle formation and fusion but also in the process of early fluid phase endocytosis. Two small peaks of activities were monitored during the late vitellogenic period (days 8 and 10), suggesting a possible role of GTPases in VgRs and clathrin recycling process. The [α32P]-GTP binding assay analysis in different tissues revealed the presence of small GTP binding proteins of molecular weights 25, 23 and 21 kDa in ovaries and head. However, a single binding signal band of 21 and 25 kDa was each detected in the fat bodies and muscles, respectively. No binding was detected in the midgut and Malpighian tubules. However, the 23 kDa protein detected was suggested as a probable cytosolic form of the 25 kDa protein. The competition assay results indicated that the small ovarian GTP binding proteins could also bind ATP, suggesting that like GTP, ATP is a regulatory nucleotide for the ovarian small proteins detected during oogenesis. The present study will pave the way for more understanding of the mechanisms that regulate Vg transport machinery in hemimetabolous insects.
Anatomical variations of the musculoskeletal system - A review of literatures

The musculoskeletal system developed from the mesoderm. However, some bones at the base of the skull and facial musculature are derived from the neural crest cells (ectoderm). The skeleton, joints and associated muscles, form the locomotor system which can be used either to move the whole or parts of the body in relation to its surroundings or to exert pressure or tension on external objects or internal organs. There are striking individual differences in the musculoskeletal system in spite of basic similarity of structures within specie, hence, the review of the anatomical variations of the musculoskeletal system. Textbooks descriptions however are meant to represent the condition in the majority of individuals. Muscles are subject to variation and books have been written about their variations. This review, consisting of literature search of journals and chapters in books aims at highlighting variation in the musculoskeletal system of humans which will contribute to knowledge in the teaching of gross and comparative anatomy. Anatomical variations is of both surgical and academic interest and important when studying entrapment syndrome and reconstructive surgery in patients with musculoskeletal conditions.
Markup-Agnostic Table Cell Extraction

Tables are very commonly used to present relational data. This report focuses on mining structured data from markup language specified tables. Table recogition, table interpretation and presentation of results are discussed. First, two categories of features are developed to recognize genuine tables. These recognized tables provide knowledge of table types we need in order to synthesize tables for training. After synthesizing tables with random structures and labelling in a hierarchical way, we experimented with several models on predicting labels for unseen tables. Then we explored potential applications of the extracted table. Keywords—Information Extraction, Web Mining, Characterlevel prediction.
Transforming Geodata for Immersive Visualisation

In this work we describe the steps required to render scientific data for real-time immersive displays. First, the input data needs to be taken into account for further processing. As a second step, the data needs to be reduced without losing significant information in order to enable real-time interaction. Therefore, we describe different reduction techniques and discuss advantages and disadvantages of those. As a third step, the data is integrated in a framework that is able to render the information on different display technologies. We elaborate the general workflow on a geoscientific dataset that illustrates the temperature distribution of the Earth's mantle.
Effect of sulphur mustard inhalation exposure on some urinary variables in mice

The effect of sulphur mustard (2,2′‐dichlorodiethyl sulphide) exposure through inhalation at 0.5. 1.0 and 2.0 lc50 (21.2, 42.3 and 84.6 mg m−3 for 1 h) on some urinary variables was studied in female mice at 6, 24 and 48 h and 7 days post‐exposure. The urinary excretion and circulatory blood accumulation of uric acid increased significantly. The level of creatine was also elevated significantly as compared to the control at 2 lc50. It is concluded that sulphur mustard alkylates DNA and triggers catabolism of apurinated purine bases in a very short time. The increase in uric acid excretion in urine can be detected only when the exposure concentration is high. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the Rab 3 A-Binding Domain in Targeting of Rabphilin-3 A to Vesicle Membranes of PC 12 Cells

Rab3A is a small GTPase implicated in the docking of secretory vesicles in neuroendocrine cells. A putative downstream target for Rab3A, rabphilin-3A, is located exclusively on secretory vesicle membranes. It contains near its C terminus two C2 domains that bind Ca 21 in a phospholipid-dependent manner and an N-terminal, Rab3A-binding domain that includes a Cys-rich region. We have determined that the Cys-rich domain binds two Zn ions and is necessary but not sufficient for efficient binding of rabphilin to Rab3A. A minimal Rab3A-binding domain consists of residues 45 to 170 of rabphilin. HA1-tagged Rab3A and a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-rabphilin fusion were used to examine the roles of Rab3A and of rabphilin domains in the subcellular localization of these proteins. A Rab3A mutant (T54A) that does not bind rabphilin in vitro colocalized with the GFP-rabphilin fusion, indicating that Rab3A targeting is independent of its interaction with rabphilin. Deletion of the C2 domains of rabphilin reduced membrane association of GFP-rabphilin but did not cause mistargeting of the membrane-associated fraction. However, disruption of the zinc fingers, which drastically reduced Rab3A binding, did not reduce membrane association. These results suggest that the C2 domains are required for efficient membrane attachment of rabphilin in PC12 cells and that Rab3A binding may act to target the protein to the correct membrane.
CREB activity is required for luteinizing hormone‐induced the expression of EGF‐like factors

A surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland induces the expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like factors, which triggers oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation. How LH induces EGF‐like factor expression is unclear. In the present study, a rapid increase of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was observed after the activation of LH receptor by human chorionic gonadotropin. Large antral follicles from equine chorionic gonadotropin‐primed mice were cultured in medium with LH to stimulate the expression of EGF‐like factors. CREB phosphorylation was increased in granulosa cells; conversely KG‐501, a CREB functional inhibitor, significantly reduced LH‐induced gene expression of EGF‐like factors, oocyte meiotic resumption, and cumulus cell expansion. Reduction of CREB expression by Creb siRNA also repressed LH‐induced expression of EGF‐like factors in cultured granulosa cells. Inactivation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK3/1) by U0126 inhibited LH‐induced CREB phosphorylation and EGF‐like factors gene expression, whereas the activation of LH receptor increased Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation, which is involved in LH‐induced CREB phosphorylation and the expression of EGF‐like factors. Thus, LH induces MAPK3/1 and Akt activation, both of which are required for the CREB‐promoted expression of EGF‐like factors in granulosa cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1116–1127, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tongue-Motion Classification Using Intraoral Electromyography for a Tongue-Computer Interface

We propose a human -- machine interface based on tongue motion for tetraplegics. The proposed system measures electromyography (EMG) signals in an oral cavity and estimate tongue motions. We measure four channels of intraoral EMG on the gum when a healthy subject moves the tongue in four directions (forward, backward, left, and right). For each EMG signal, we obtain the signal power for five frequency bands. We employ least-squares probabilistic classification (LSPC) to classify the tongue motions into these four motions and rest, and we obtained an 87.7 percent classification rate. Moreover, to attach a "click" function into the system, we measure the intraoral EMG signals caused by the clicking sound and those of other motions. Therefore, by embedding an EMG measurement system into an artificial tooth, we can realize a tongue -- computer interface that is not uncomfortable for users.
Rapid communication: The own-age face recognition bias in children and adults

Children recognize children's faces more accurately than adult faces, and adults recognize adult faces more accurately than children's faces (e.g., Anastasi & Rhodes, 2005). This is the own-age bias. Research has shown that this bias is at least partially based on experience since trainee teachers show less of an own-age bias than do other adults (Harrison & Hole, 2009). The present research tested the own-age bias in three groups of children (age 4–6, 7–9, 10–12 years) and a group of adults in the recognition of three age groups of faces (age 7–9, 20–22, and 65–90 years). Results showed an own-age bias for 7- to 9-year-old children and adults. Specifically, children could recognize faces more accurately if they were less than two years different from their own age than if they were more than two years older or younger. These results are discussed in terms of short-term experience with faces creating biases, and this rapidly changes with age.
Imaging homogeneous bodies via metamorphic curves and global optimization

This communication presents an inverse scattering method based on a global optimization scheme. The key point of the work is the use of metamorphic curves to achieve a convenient representation of the unknown contrast function. As a matter of fact, these algebraic curves allow to describe a wide range of shapes by means of few parameters, thus making the minimization of the cost functional that defines the solution of the inverse problem viable within a global optimization framework. Some examples are reported to assess the method.
Increased EPO Levels Are Associated With Bone Loss in Mice Lacking PHD2 in EPO‐Producing Cells

The main oxygen sensor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis during erythropoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, and wound healing. Recent studies point toward a role for the PHD2‐erythropoietin (EPO) axis in the modulation of bone remodeling, even though the studies produced conflicting results. Here, we used a number of mouse strains deficient of PHD2 in different cell types to address the role of PHD2 and its downstream targets HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α in bone remodeling. Mice deficient for PHD2 in several cell lineages, including EPO‐producing cells, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic cells (CD68:cre‐PHD2f/f) displayed a severe reduction of bone density at the distal femur as well as the vertebral body due to impaired bone formation but not bone resorption. Importantly, using osteoblast‐specific (Osx:cre‐PHD2f/f) and osteoclast‐specific PHD2 knock‐out mice (Vav:cre‐ PHD2f/f), we show that this effect is independent of the loss of PHD2 in osteoblast and osteoclasts. Using different in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show here that this bone phenotype, including the suppression of bone formation, is directly linked to the stabilization of the α‐subunit of HIF‐2, and possibly to the subsequent moderate induction of serum EPO, which directly influenced the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast progenitors resulting in lower bone density. Taken together, our data identify the PHD2:HIF‐2α:EPO axis as a so far unknown regulator of osteohematology by controlling bone homeostasis. Further, these data suggest that patients treated with PHD inhibitors or EPO should be monitored with respect to their bone status. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
FORMAL CONCEPT ANALYSIS USING NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES

There is an exhaustive study around the area of engine design that covers different methods that try to reduce costs of production and to optimize the performance of these engines. Mathematical methods based in statistics, self-organized maps and neural networks reach the best results in these designs but there exists the problem that configuration of these methods is not an easy work due the high number of parameters that have to be measured. In this work we extend an algorithm for computing implications between attributes with positive and negative values for obtaining the mixed concepts lattice and also we propose a theoretical method based in these results for engine simulators adjusting specific and different elements for obtaining optimal engine configurations.
Colorectal carcinoma associated with serrated adenoma – prevalence, histological features, and prognosis

Serrated adenoma has been proposed to be a distinct entity among colorectal neoplasms. Progression to frank carcinoma has been suggested in individual cases, but the prevalence of carcinomas originating from serrated adenomas and their clinico‐pathological characteristics are not known. In the present study, a large series of colorectal cancers was analysed for the occurrence of serrated adenoma in association with carcinoma and clinico‐pathological features were compared in cases with and without serrated adenoma. Specimens from 466 colorectal carcinoma patients undergoing operations between 1986 and 1996 were re‐evaluated for the presence of juxtaposed serrated adenoma and carcinoma. Clinico‐pathological features such as location, Dukes' stage, histological grade, mucinous differentiation, and prognosis were evaluated. Twenty‐seven carcinomas (5.8%) were found in association with an adjacent serrated adenoma. Eight of the patients were male and 19 were female. All of these adenocarcinomas showed a serrated appearance resembling that of serrated adenomas. Nine (33%) cases were mucinous and a mucinous component was present in 11 (41%) additional cases. The majority of the tumours were located either in the caecum (14 cases; 51%) or in the rectum (9 cases; 33%). DNA microsatellite instability was more common in carcinomas associated with serrated adenoma (37.5%) than in other carcinomas (11.0%). It is concluded that carcinoma associated with serrated adenoma is a distinct type of colorectal neoplasm, accounting for 5.8% of all colorectal carcinoma cases in this study. Predilection for the caecum and the rectum may reflect their aetiological factors. Female preponderance is contrary to that reported for hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual interactions in learning forums: A postgraduate experience

The aim of this work is to explore and define how knowledge is generated in a collaborative way through the interactions produced in two official postgraduate modules' forums, taught in online and blended modalities. The conducted study holds both qualitative and quantitative approaches, following a case study methodology. The 505 messages sent in the forums of the selected modules have been analyzed implementing the Community of Inquiry framework for the discourse analysis in the Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALN). Through the application of the system of categories and subcategories in which the model is developed, evidence of the existence of the three dimensions described in it: social presence, cognitive presence and teaching presence, have been found in the two modules, as well as the type of interactions produced. The results also highlight the influence of the activities' design on the type of interaction regarding knowledge construction, and the participants' modality (online and blended), which modifies the way of relating with an increase in the social presence.
Norms, preferences, and conditional behavior

This article addresses several issues raised by Nichols, Gintis, and Skyrms and Zollman in their comments on my book, The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms. In particular, I explore the relation between social and personal norms, what an adequate game-theoretic representation of norms should be, and what models of norms emergence should tell us about the formation of normative expectations.
Relax, a novel rat bHLH transcriptional regulator transiently expressed in the ventricular proliferating zone of the developing central nervous system

A number of basic helix‐loop‐helix containing proteins have been shown to be required for neural development at different sites or times. Here, Relax, a novel rat basic helix‐loop‐helix transcriptional regulator, has been isolated and characterized. Analysis of the temporal and spatial distributions shows that the Relax transcripts are detected exclusively in the central nervous system, in discrete regions from embryonic day 11.5 to 18.5. Most strikingly, Relax is expressed along two major boundaries that define the longitudinal axis in the spinal cord and the hindbrain and is a marker of the anterior tip of this axis in the forebrain. Relax‐expressing cells are strictly localized in the ventricular zone of the neural tube, where neural progenitors originate. This unique pattern of expression suggests that Relax is involved in neural fate determination. J. Neurosci. Res. 48:146–158, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planar miniaturized balanced-to-single-ended power divider with arbitrary power division

A planar miniaturized asymmetrical four-port circuit structure based on the composite left- and right-handed transmission lines (CLRHTLs) is proposed in this paper to design a balanced-to-single-ended (BTSE) power divider (PD) with arbitrary power division. The two outputs of the power divider are in-phase, hence, the proposed circuit can be seen as the cascade of a balun and a Gysel power divider with arbitrary power division. The matrix conversion between the single-ended scattering parameters and the mixed-mode scattering parameters along with the circuit analytical formulation are presented. Finally, a prototype of the PD with 2 dB magnitude difference between its output ports is designed and fabricated. The measured results validate the proposed design approach.
Association of miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism with squamous cell carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that the rs2910164 variant of miR-146a is associated with the development of certain types of malignancies. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between this genetic variant and the susceptibility of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS We performed a systematic search using PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases with the last search updated on November 15, 2014. Studies were pooled and summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via subgroup analysis. RESULTS A total of 12 studies (5192 cases and 9945 controls) were found to be eligible for meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between miR-146a G/C polymorphism and SCC risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis by cancer location, statistically significantly increased risks were found for cervical SCC/CSCC (CC vs CG+GG:OR = 0.521, 95% CI=0.412-0.657,p<0.001; CC+CG vs GG:OR=1.583, 95%CI=1.215-2.062,p=0.001); and for skin SCC (GC vs CC+GG:OR=2.533, 95% CI=1.989-3.224, p<0.001). In addition, the C allele and CC genotype of rs2910164 were found to be associated with an inverse risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (GG vs CC:OR=0.586, 95% CI=0.405-0.847, p=0.005; CC vs CG+GG:OR=1.496, 95% CI=1.189-1.881, p=0.001). Similarly, CC genotpe of rs2910164 was found to be inversely related to susceptibility of oral SCC (CC+CG vs. GG: OR=0.726, 95% CI=0.607-0.869, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism is associated with increased risk for cervical and skin SCC. In contrast, rs2910164 in miR-146a is related to decreased risk for nasopharyngeal and oral SCC.
Nitrate reductase from winter wheat leaves is activated at low temperature via protein dephosphorylation.

The effect of short-term low temperature treatment on nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) activity, NR protein and NR transcript levels in excised leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sadovo-1) was investigated. NR activity, measured in the presence of Mg2+ (NRact), doubled within 2 h at 4 degrees C, whereas NR activity, measured in the presence of EDTA (NRmax), did not respond to the cold treatment. Such an activation of NR occurred only if leaves were exposed to low temperature in the light but not in the dark. It was not affected by feeding cytoplasmic protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, or protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporin, but was completely prevented by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases of the type 1 and 2 A. This inhibitory effect decreased gradually when okadaic acid-concentration in the nutrient solution was lowered below 1 &mgr;M and tended to disappear when leaves were fed with 10 nM okadaic acid. It was demonstrated that the cold-induced NR activation was dependent neither on cold-triggered calcium influx nor on high endogenous abscisic acid levels. The increased NRact in cold-exposed leaves was found to correlate with a higher level of NR transcript but not with an increased NR protein level. Feeding okadaic acid to these leaves prevented the cold-induced accumulation of NR mRNA. These data point to protein phosphatases of the type 2 A being involved in NR protein dephosphorylation and NR transcript accumulation as targets of activation by low temperature treatment.
Modeling of MATLAB-Simulink based photovoltaic module using flyback converter

This article aims to present a design of MATLAB-Simulink based Photovoltaic (PV) module model simulation using a Level-2 MATLAB S-Function builder and controlled current source. The S-Function builder contains an algorithm based on the current-voltage relationship of a PV module. This PV module block is thus connected in series with four of them in order to investigate the behaviour of output characteristics under the condition of non-uniform irradiance. In addition, we implemented a dc-dc Flyback converter and its control strategy to observe the effect of output voltage characteristics of the proposed PV array. Finally, the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Implementation of a single-stage single-phase grid connected PV converter

This paper presents the implementation of a simple and robust single-stage single-phase PV inverter with classical H-bridge inverter. A control algorithm for this converter is proposed integrating MPPT, DC link voltage regulation and inverter output current control in a cascaded control loop. The MPPT is a modified P&O with adaptive perturbation step and the output converter control is based on PR controllers. Both control algorithms are presented and explained in detail. Experimental results using a test bench built to emulate the behavior of a PV array are presented to demonstrate the control transient and steady state performance.