Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Locality-Based Mobile Caching Policy for D2D-Based Content Sharing Network

As the explosion of Internet traffic is quickly leading to overloaded cellular network, device-to-device (D2D)-based content sharing is proposed as a method to offload mobile data traffic. The performance of D2D-based content sharing is dramatically affected by the success rate of content fetching from nearby devices and quality of content transmission, which is determined by the geographic distribution of mobile devices, the number of devices having contents in their caches, and the condition of D2D links. Hence, a key problem is how to cache various contents in the limited storage of mobile devices for improving the success rate of content fetching. In this paper, we aim to design a caching policy by considering the joint impact of locality of real-world mobile data traffic and device contact pattern to improve the success rate of content fetching. To do this, we first study the characteristics of network traffic and device contact pattern by analyzing traces from realistic networks. Then, we design a locality-based caching policy and derive the content caching probability and hit ratio through mathematical analysis. Through numerical evaluation and trace-driven simulations, we not only quantify how content popularity, content active lifetime, content size, content bit rate, device storage, transmission rate, and closeness centrality affect the content hit ratio, but also provide comparison on hit ratio and storage cost in different caching policy, which is a strong evidence that the joint impacts from characteristics of content and device are the necessary consideration when to design a caching policy.
Setpoint regulation of continuum robots using a fixed camera

We investigate the problem of measuring the shape of a continuum robot using visual information from a fixed camera. Specifically, we capture the motion of a set of fictitious planes, each formed by four feature points, defined at various strategic locations along the body of the robot. Then, utilizing expressions for the robot forward kinematics as well as the decomposition of a homography relating a reference image of the robot to the actual robot image, we obtain the three dimensional shape information continuously. We then use this information to demonstrate the development of a kinematic controller to regulate the end-effector of the robot to a constant desired position and orientation, while at the same time using its kinematic redundancy to satisfy a subtask objective such as obstacle avoidance.
Simulating Normative Behaviour And Norm Formation Processes

This paper describes the design of an agent model for simulating normative behaviour and norm formation processes. The model is based on a scientific theory of norm innovation, provided by the FP6 project EMIL (EMergence In the Loop). The main focus of the paper is the conversion of the theoretical framework towards a software implementation that can be applied for multiple simulation scenarios. A simple traffic scenario – where the traffic participants have to find rules to avoid collision incidents – serves as sample application.
Changing the Spatial Scope of Attention Alters Patterns of Neural Gain in Human Cortex

Over the last several decades, spatial attention has been shown to influence the activity of neurons in visual cortex in various ways. These conflicting observations have inspired competing models to account for the influence of attention on perception and behavior. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) in human subjects and showed that highly focused spatial attention primarily enhanced neural responses to high-contrast stimuli (response gain), whereas distributed attention primarily enhanced responses to medium-contrast stimuli (contrast gain). Together, these data suggest that different patterns of neural modulation do not reflect fundamentally different neural mechanisms, but instead reflect changes in the spatial extent of attention.
Epidermal Sensory Organs of Moles, Shrew Moles, and Desmans: A Study of the Family Talpidae with Comments on the Function and Evolution of Eimer’s Organ

The epidermal sensory organs of members of the family Talpidae (moles, shrew-moles, and desmans) were investigated and compared to determine the range of sensory specializations and better understand how they evolved. Small domed mechanosensory organs called ‘Eimer’s organs’ were present on the rhinarium of nearly all species of talpids, but not among the sister group of shrews (Soricidae) or other insectivore families. This suggests that the common ancestor to the talpids possessed Eimer’s organs. Two species of moles from the driest habitats did not exhibit Eimer’s organs – suggesting that their sensory organs degenerated in response to harsh, abrasive soil conditions. The semi-aquatic desmans uniquely possessed tiny sensory hairs interspersed with their Eimer’s organs; these may act to sense water currents. Some species exhibited a subdivided, star-like, rhinarium – resembling an early embryonic stage of the star-nosed mole and providing clues to the evolution of the star. A single genera (Uropsilus) that branched off early in the evolution of the talpids had Eimer’s organ-like structures but lacked some typical components. These findings fill a major gap in our knowledge of talpid sensory biology and suggest (1) how Eimer’s organs evolved, (2) how the unusual appendages of the star-nosed mole evolved, (3) that the evolution of Eimer’s organ is convergent with the mechanosensory push-rod of monotremes. The results also demonstrate the features that distinguish Eimer’s organ from similar configurations of sensory receptors in other mammalian skin surfaces. Finally, a mechanism for Eimer’s organ function in detecting object and prey specific surface features is proposed.
Parametric analysis of oscillatory activity as measured with EEG/MEG

We assess the suitability of conventional parametric statistics for analyzing oscillatory activity, as measured with electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG). The approach we consider is based on narrow‐band power time–frequency decompositions of single‐trial data. The ensuing power measures have a χ2‐distribution. The use of the general linear model (GLM) under normal error assumptions is, therefore, difficult to motivate for these data. This is unfortunate because the GLM plays a central role in classical inference and is the standard estimation and inference framework for neuroimaging data. The key contribution of this work is to show that, in many circumstances, one can appeal to the central limit theorem and assume normality for generative models of power. If this is not appropriate, one can transform the data to render the error terms approximately normal. These considerations allow one to analyze induced and evoked oscillations using standard frameworks like statistical parametric mapping. We establish the validity of parametric tests using synthetic and real data and compare its performance to established nonparametric procedures. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
doublesex/mab3 related-1 (dmrt1) is essential for development of anterior neural plate derivatives in Ciona

Ascidian larvae have a hollow, dorsal central nervous system that shares many morphological features with vertebrate nervous systems yet is composed of very few cells. We show here that a null mutation in the gene dmrt1 in the ascidian Ciona savignyi results in profound abnormalities in the development of the sensory vesicle (brain), as well as other anterior ectodermal derivatives, including the palps and oral siphon primordium (OSP). Although the phenotype of the mutant embryos is variable, the majority have a complete loss of the most anterior structures (palps and OSP) and extensive disruption of sensory structures, such as the light-sensitive ocellus, in the sensory vesicle. dmrt1 is expressed early in the blastula embryo in a small group of presumptive ectodermal cells as they become restricted to anterior neural, OSP and palp fates. Despite the early and restricted expression of dmrt1, we were unable, using several independent criteria, to observe a defect in the mutant embryos until the early tailbud stage. We speculate that the variability and late onset in the phenotype may be due to partially overlapping activities of other gene products.
Personality development and concepts of structure.

It is proposed that many concepts of personality structure and structural development are of primary relevance to one of three general orientations, here called the “classical,” “differential,” and “ipsative” views. Certain theoretical and methodological features of each approach are reviewed. The discussion emphasizes differences and similarities among the views and points out some implications for research.
UPaRC—Ultra-fast power-aware reconfiguration controller

Dynamically reconfigurable architectures, which can offer high performance, are increasingly used in different domains. High-speed reconfiguration process can be carried out by operating at high frequency but can also augment the power consumption. Thus the effort on increasing performance by accelerating the reconfiguration should take into account power consumption constraints. In this paper, we present an ultra-fast power-aware reconfiguration controller (UPaRC) to boost the reconfiguration throughput up to 1.433 GB/s. UPaRC can not only enhance the system performance, but also auto-adapt to various performance and consumption conditions. This could enlarge the range of applications and optimize for each selected application during run-time. An investigation of reconfiguration bandwidths at different frequencies and with different bitstream sizes are experimentally quantified and presented. The power consumption measurements are also realized to emphasize energy-efficiency of UPaRC over state-of-the-art reconfiguration controllers-up to 45 times more efficient.
Demand and Supply Chain Simulation in Telecommunication Industry by Multi-Rate Expert Systems

— In modern telecommunications industry, demand & supply chain management (DSCM) needs reliable design and versatile tools to control the material flow. The objective for efficient DSCM is reducing inventory, lead times and related costs in order to assure reliable and on-time deliveries from manufacturing units towards customers. In this paper the multi-rate expert system based methodology for developing simulation tools that would enable optimal DSCM for multi region, high volume and high complexity manufacturing environment was proposed.
Grasp Mode and Compliance Control of an Underactuated Origami Gripper Using Adjustable Stiffness Joints

Every robotic gripper requires an equilibrated solution towards the grasp adaptability, precision, and load-bearing capacity. A versatile soft robotic gripper requires adjustable grasp mode for objects with different sizes and shapes, and adjustable compliance for switching between soft mode for small loads and delicate objects and stiff mode for larger loads and heavier objects. In this paper, we present the design of a tendon-driven robotic origami, robogami, gripper that provides self-adaptability and inherent softness through its redundant and underactuated degrees of freedom (DoF). Robogami is a planar and foldable robotic platform that is scalable and customizable thanks to its unique layer-by-layer manufacturing process. The nominally two-dimensional fabrication process allows embedding different functional layers with a high fidelity. In particular, a polymer layer with adjustable stiffness enables the independent control of the stiffness for each joint. Using this feature, we can control the input energy distribution between different joints and hence the motion of the robogami. Here, we model the behavior of a single finger, and demonstrate the compliance control of the end effector along different directions in simulations and experiments. We also validate the gripper's task versatility in soft and stiff modes by assigning model-based joints stiffness for performing different grasp modes.
Senescence of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body After Harvesting

The book discusses the novel scientific approaches for the improvement of the food quality and offers food scientists valuable assistance for the future. The detailed methodologies and their practical applications could serve as a fundamental reference work for the industry and a requisite guide for the research worker, food scientist and food analyst. It will serve as a valuable tool for the analysts improving their knowledge with new scientific data for quality evaluation. Two case study chapters provide data on the improvement of food quality in marine and land organisms in the natural environment.
A reinforcement learning model of reaching integrating kinematic and dynamic control in a simulated arm robot

Models proposed within the literature of motor control have polarised around two classes of controllers which differ in terms of controlled variables: the Force-Control Models (FCMs), based on dynamic control, and the Equilibrium-Point Models (EPMs), based on kinematic control. This paper proposes a bioinspired model which aims to exploit the strengths of the two classes of models. The model is tested with a 3D physical simulator of a 2DOF-controlled arm robot engaged in a reaching task which requires the production of curved trajectories to be solved. The model is based on an actor-critic reinforcement-learning algorithm which uses neural maps to represent both percepts and actions encoded as joint-angle desired equilibrium points (EPs), and a noise generator suitable for fine tuning the exploration/exploitation ratio. The tests of the model show how it is capable of exploiting the simplicity and speed of learning of EPMs as well as the flexibility of FCMs in generating curved trajectories. Overall, the model represents a first step towards the generation of models which exploit the strengths of both EPMs and FCMs and has the potential of being used as a new tool for investigating phenomena related to the organisation and learning of motor behaviour in organisms.
Oncomodulin/Truncated Protamine-Mediated Nogo-66 Receptor Small Interference RNA Delivery Promotes Axon Regeneration in Retinal Ganglion Cells

The optic nerve often suffers regenerative failure after injury, leading to serious visual impairment such as glaucoma. The main inhibitory factors, including Nogo-A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, exert their inhibitory effects on axonal growth through the same receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). Oncomodulin (OM), a calcium-binding protein with a molecular weight of an ∼12 kDa, which is secreted from activated macrophages, has been demonstrated to have high and specific affinity for retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and promote greater axonal regeneration than other known polypeptide growth factors. Protamine has been reported to effectively deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) into cells. Accordingly, a fusion protein of OM and truncated protamine (tp) may be used as a vehicle for the delivery of NgR siRNA into RGC for gene therapy. To test this hypothesis, we constructed OM and tp fusion protein (OM/tp) expression vectors. Using the indirect immunofluorescence labeling method, OM/tp fusion proteins were found to have a high affinity for RGC. The gel shift assay showed that the OM/tp fusion proteins retained the capacity to bind to DNA. Using OM/tp fusion proteins as a delivery tool, the siRNA of NgR was effectively transfected into cells and significantly down-regulated NgR expression levels. More importantly, OM/tp-NgR siRNA dramatically promoted axonal growth of RGC compared with the application of OM/tp recombinant protein or NgR siRNA alone in vitro. In addition, OM/tp-NgR siRNA highly elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and inhibited activation of the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA). Taken together, our data demonstrated that the recombinant OM/tp fusion proteins retained the functions of both OM and tp, and that OM/tp-NgR siRNA might potentially be used for the treatment of optic nerve injury.
Knowledge Construction in Online Health Community Support Groups

Content analysis was used to study interactions in an online health community support group relying on discussion forum software as a medium for discussions. We found that the overwhelming majority of the threads considered are on topic, which indicates that the discussion forum does contribute to the group's mission. By applying existing scales to measure the complexity of interactions from a social constructivist perspective (the level of learning), we find a wide range of levels of learning among the threads. In particular, there are substantial numbers of threads involving rich discussions of facts and ideas resulting in substantial numbers of threads rated at middle and high levels of learning. This discovery sets the stage for our future research of the impact of the level of learning in a discussion thread on the quality of information the thread offers and on user satisfaction about such information.
The Correlation and Accuracy of Glucose Levels between Interstitial Fluid and Venous Plasma by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System

Background Clinical experience with the continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) is limited in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the CGMS and the correlation between interstitial fluid and venous plasma glucose level in Korean healthy male subjects. Methods Thirty-two subjects were served with glucose solution contained same amount of test food's carbohydrate and test foods after separate overnight fasts. CGMS was performed over 3 days during hopitalization for each subjects. Venous plasma glucose measurements were carried out during 4 hours (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 hours) just before and after glucose solution and test food load. The performance of the CGMS was evaluated by comparing its readings to those obtained at the same time by the hexokinase method using the auto biochemistry machine (Hitachi 7600-110). Also, correlations between glucose recorded with CGMS and venous plasma glucose value were examined. Results CGMS slightly underestimated the glucose value as compared with the venous plasma glucose level (16.3 ± 22.2 mg/dL). Correlation between CGMS and venous plasma glucose values throughout sensor lifetime is 0.73 (regression analysis: slope = 1.08, intercept = 8.38 mg/dL). Sensor sensitivity can deteriorate over time, with correlations between venous blood glucose and CGMS values dropping from 0.77 during 1st day to 0.65 during 2nd and 3rd day. Conclusion The accuracy of data provided by CGMS may be less than expected. CGMS sensor sensitivity is decreased with the passage of time. But, from this study, CGMS can be used for glucose variability tendency monitoring conveniently to the Korean.
Crossets: manipulating multiple sliders by crossing

Crossets are new interactive instruments or widgets based on crossing gestures that exploit the dimension orthogonal to sliders' axes for manipulating multiple aligned sliders simultaneously. We propose a Crossets taxonomy to generalize the sliders' properties to those of other standard widgets. We introduce and illustrate the constrained crossing gesture with Crossets in an interface for the visual exploration of numerical tables. Then, we discuss alternative strategies to Crossets before exploring persistent unconstrained crossing gestures compatible with Crossets, introducing Spline as a persistent reusable interactive instrument. This paper highlights promising perspectives for crossing-based widgets. We hope future interfaces will make use of this simple technique that can help improve the efficiency of standard widgets and lead to the generation of new styles of interfaces.
Human Placenta Secretes Apolipoprotein B-100-containing Lipoproteins*

Supply of lipids from the mother is essential for fetal growth and development. In mice, disruption of yolk sac cell secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in embryonic lethality. In humans, the yolk sac is vestigial. Nutritional functions are instead established very early during pregnancy in the placenta. To examine whether the human placenta produces lipoproteins, we examined apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) mRNA expression in placental biopsies. ApoB and MTP are mandatory for assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Both genes were expressed in placenta and microsomal extracts from human placenta contained triglyceride transfer activity, indicating expression of bioactive MTP. To detect lipoprotein secretion, biopsies from term placentas were placed in medium with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine for 3–24 h. Upon sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of the labeled medium, fractions were analyzed by apoB-immunoprecipitation. 35S-labeled apoB-100 was recovered in d ∼1.02–1.04 g/ml particles (i.e. similar to the density of plasma low density lipoproteins). Electron microscopy of negatively stained lipoproteins secreted from placental tissue showed spherical particles with a diameter of 47 ± 10 nm. These results demonstrate that human placenta expresses both apoB and MTP and consequently synthesize and secrete apoB-100-containing lipoproteins. Placental lipoprotein formation constitutes a novel pathway of lipid transfer from the mother to the developing fetus.
Accelerated C++: practical programming by example

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