Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foresight and Services: Closing the Gap?

Service sectors of the economy are increasingly recognised as being important innovators. However,few studies of innovation systems have paid due attention to services’ position in these systems. The UKS Foresight programme (originally the Technology Foresight programme) provides helpful insights into these matters. Foresight has been an ambitious attempt to establish priority areas for innovative efforts, and to build new networks between inventors, innovators, entrepreneurs and policymakers. In this programme there has been an explicit and pioneering effort to include service sectors. The article examines how far this was successful, and what it tells us about services’ role in innovation systems. There is evidence that in general services remained less aware of,and involved in, Foresight than comparable manufacturing firms. Furthermore, some service industries experienced particular difficulty in participating in the process. The implication is that even though many service firms are innovative, there are still obstacles to overcome for many others before they can be as active as they might.
Fixing Women's Wages: The Effectiveness of Comparable Worth Policies

The author discusses some problems that can prevent comparable worth legislation from achieving meaningful gender wage equity, which she defines as the elimination of gender as a factor in wage setting. She then tests the comparable worth policies of two Canadian provinces against the same set of job content data from a 1988 survey of health care workers. Whereas Manitoba's comparable worth policy, she finds, would achieve gender wage equity if applied to this set of jobs, Ontario's would not, and would even result in new and capricious instances of inequity. She argues that continual scrutiny, including comparative analysis, of comparable worth policies is needed not only in order to identify the most effective policy designs, but also to guard against efforts to undercut legislation through manipulation of implementation procedures.
Organ asymmetries as correlates of other anomalies.

Fetuses with deviations in the normal left versus right weight relationships of the paired viscera were examined for correlation with particular malformations, syndromes, or other common factors. Alterations of the normal pattern were observed among cases with cytogenetic anomalies, diaphragmatic hernia, renal duplication, dyshydramnios, and single umbilical artery. A reversal of the left versus right weight pattern was found in the adrenals of cases with hepatic situs inversus but not in those with heterotaxic cardiac lesions. Recipient twins in the twin-twin transfusion syndrome had reduced left lung weights, presumably because of inhibition of lung growth by the enlarged heart. The side of umbilical artery absence did not predict either the nature or complexity of associated malformations. However, it is suggestive that there is discordance between the side of the missing artery and unilateral renal abnormality and that there is preferential absence of the right or left artery, depending on the karyotype.
Non–existence of solitary water waves in three dimensions

In the subject of free–surface water waves, solitary waves play an important role in the theory of two–dimensional fluid motions. These are steady solutions to the Euler equations that are localized, positively elevated above the mean fluid level and travelling at velocities with supercritical Froude number. They provide a stable mechanism in bodies of water for transport of mass, momentum and energy over long distances. In this paper, we prove that in the three– (or higher–) dimensional problem of surface water waves, there do not exist any localized steady positive solutions to the Euler equations.
Human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein interacts with promoter-bound TATA-binding protein via a specific region distinct from the autorepression domain

The major immediate-early gene of human cytomegalovirus encodes several isoforms of an immediate-early protein which has distinct transcriptional regulatory properties. The IE86 isoform autorepresses the major immediate-early promoter by directly binding the cis repression signal element located between the TATA box and the mRNA cap site. In addition to this activity, IE86 stimulates other viral and cellular promoters. One mechanism by which eukaryotic regulatory proteins are thought to stimulate transcription is by contacting one or more general transcription factors. We show that the IE86 protein physically interacts with the DNA-binding subunit (TATA-binding protein) human transcription factor IID via the TATA-binding protein-contacting domain in the N terminus of IE86. In a mobility shift assay, IE86 was also observed to stabilize the binding of TATA-binding protein to promoter DNA. The domains within IE86 responsible for mediating transactivation and repression functioned independently. These experiments thus demonstrate the elegant ability of human cytomegalovirus to join different protein domains to produce distinct multifunctional proteins.
Nonpapillary and papillary renal cell carcinoma: a cytogenetic and phenotypic study.

Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies allow the common renal cell neoplasms to be separated into two main types: (1) Nonpapillary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) which have a loss of 3p13-pter sequences and (2) Papillary renal cell tumors having tri- or tetrasomies of chromosome 7 and trisomy 17. To investigate renal proximal (PT) and distal (DT) tubular epithelial phenotype expression in these genetically distinct neoplasms, a panel of antibodies and lectins selectively reactive with normal adult PT and DT was applied to 10 nonpapillary and seven papillary RCC. All tumors except one papillary RCC demonstrated characteristic karyotypes. Phenotype expression varied depending upon changes in the histopathologic patterns within a tumor. Among tumors composed of only one cell type, columnar, eosinophilic cells showed only PT staining and small, basophilic cells showed only DT staining. One tumor revealed a transition from small, basophilic cells to columnar, eosinophilic cells. The basophilic cells stained for DT markers and the eosinophilic cells for PT markers. One tumor consisted of nests of clear cells between indistinct papillary structures. The clear cells stained for both PT and DT markers. All 10 nonpapillary RCC demonstrated PT staining; nine exhibited DT markers. Staining was most intense in areas of tumor showing higher nuclear grades, tubuloglandular differentiation or in granular, eosinophilic cells and was absent or weak in solid groups of low nuclear grade clear cells. Papillary and nonpapillary RCC demonstrated lectin-binding or antigens associated with both PT and DT indicating a capacity for multipotential metanephric differentiation in each type of neoplasm. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Strange Bedfellows: Ecosystem Services, Conservation Science, and Central Government in the United Kingdom

The Natural Environment White Paper represents the most important shift in conservation policy in the United Kingdom for over 20 years. It formalizes the ecosystem services approach within policy objectives and emphasizes the economic value of ecosystem services. The ecosystem services approach embodies different meanings to different groups, each suggesting distinct governance paradigms and management tools. While conservationists’ support for the ecosystem services approach may stem from arguments for integrated and holistic management of natural systems, valuation efforts seek to apply economic tools to complex ecosystem processes as a means of increasing the policy salience of ecosystem services for management. Does this coupling make for strange bedfellows? We apply the Advocacy Coalition Framework to examine the alignment of the values and beliefs of key United Kingdom actors. Understanding core and peripheral values may help actors anticipate where cooperation and conflict arise, and the potential longevity of policy partnerships.
MR spectroscopy quantitation: a review of frequency domain methods

There has been a vast increase in applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in biomedical research during the last few years. This is not surprising since MRS provides both in vivo and in vitro a non‐invasive tool for various biochemical and biomedical studies. There are also expectations that clinical MRS will have an important role as a diagnostic tool. An essential prerequisite for the future success of MRS for applicability in biomedical sciences will be accurate and biochemically relevant data analysis (at as high a level of automation as possible). This review briefly describes principles of the methodology available for advanced quantitative data analysis in the frequency domain. Various biomedical applications are discussed in order to illustrate the practical aspects of the analyses and to show the applicability and power of biochemical prior knowledge‐based lineshape fitting analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abbreviations used: Asp aspartate Cho choline Cr creatine EMCL extra‐myocellular lipids FID free induction decay FT Fourier transform GABA γ‐aminobutyric acid Glu glutamate Gln glutamine Glc glucose GPC glycerophosphocholine GPE glycerophosphoethanolamine HDL high density lipoprotein IDL intermediate density lipoprotein IMCL intra‐myocellular lipids LDL low density lipoprotein Pi inorganic phosphate myo‐Ins myo‐inositol NAA N‐acetyl‐aspartate NAAG N‐acetylaspartylglutamate NTP nucleotide triphosphates PC phosphocholine PCr phosphocreatine PDE phosphodiesters PE phosphoethanolamine PME phosphomonoesters scyllo‐Ins scyllo‐inositol SNR signal‐to‐noise ratio Tau taurine TDFD frequency domain fitting using time domain models TLS total lineshape TSP sodium 3‐trimethylsilyl[2,2,3,3‐D4] propionate VLDL very low density lipoprotein.
Earthquake-Caused Landslides: A Major Disturbance to Tropical Forests

Earthquakes occasionally denude large areas of tropical forest: for example, 54 square kilometers in Panama in 1976 and 130 square kilometers in New Guinea in 1935. Earthquake rates in New Guinea, but not in Panama, are sufficiently high so that substantial areas of disturbed, nonclimax forest may accumulate. In New Guinea, earthquake-caused landslides are as important as tree falls in the disturbance regime.
Managing Images in Different Cultures: A Cross-National Study of Color Meanings and Preferences

Color is an integral part of products, services, packaging, logos, and other collateral and can be an effective means of creating and sustaining brand and corporate images in customers’ minds. Through an eight-country study, the authors explore consumers’ preferences for different colors and color combinations. The results show cross-cultural patterns of both similarity and dissimilarity in color preferences and color meaning associations. When subjects are asked to match colors for a product logo, some color combinations suggest a consistency in meaning, whereas other combinations suggest colors whose meanings are complementary. The authors discuss implications for managing color to create and sustain brand and corporate images across international markets.
Does Political Ambiguity Pay? Corporate Campaign Contributions and the Rewards to Legislator Reputation

Do politicians tend to follow a strategy of ambiguity in their policy positions or a strategy of reputational development to reduce uncertainty about where they stand? Ambiguity could allow a legislator to avoid alienating constituents and to play rival interests off against each other to maximize campaign contributions. Alternatively, reputational clarity could help to reduce uncertainty about a candidate and lead to high campaign contributions from favored interests. We outline a theory that considers conditions under which a politician would and would not prefer reputational development and policy-stance clarity in the context of repeat dealing with special interests. Our proxy for reputational development is the percent of repeat givers to a legislator. Using data on corporate political action committee contributions (PACs) to members of the U.S. House during the seven electoral cycles from 1983/84 to 1995/96, we find that legislators do not appear to follow a strategy of ambiguity and that high reputational development is rewarded with high PAC contributions.
Long-run price effects of exchange rate changes in Finnish pulp and paper exports

This paper presents long-run exchange rate elasticities of Finnish newsprint and pulp export prices in the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany over the period 1980-94. The elasticities were estimated for a markup pricing model using Johansen's cointegration method. The magnitudes of the elasticity estimates obtained by imposing price homogeneity indicate that pass-through of exchange rate changes to export prices has been incomplete in both markets. For newsprint, the pass-through elasticity was 0.60 in the UK and 0.46 in Germany, which means that about one half of the changes in the exchange rates is reflected in prices as expressed in the destination countries' currencies and about a half in prices measured in Finnish markka. Instead, in pulp exports the pass-through elasticities differed from each other between the two destination countries more clearly than in newsprint exports, indicating a different pricing behaviour of Finnish pulp exporters in the UK and Germany when exchange rate changes. Pass-through was small in the UK pulp market (0.07) as compared to Germany (0.68).
Incomplete Contracts and Strategic Ambiguity

Why are observed contracts so often incomplete in the sense that they leave contracting parties' obligations vague or unspecified? Traditional answers to this question invoke transaction costs or bounded rationality. In contrast, the authors argue that such incompleteness is often an essential feature of a well-designed contract. Specifically, once some aspects of performance are unverifiable, it is often optimal to leave other verifiable aspects of performance unspecified. The authors explore the conditions under which this occurs, and investigate the structure of optimal contracts when these conditions are satisfied. Copyright 1998 by American Economic Association.
An Inductive Model of Collaboration From the Stakeholder’s Perspective

This work emerged from funded research examining collaboration among stake-holder organizations present at three U.S. nuclear weapons complex sites. The authors examine issues such as how and why stakeholder groups form collaborative alliances when dealing with the target organization, what leaders of stakeholder organizations actually think about when collaborating to deal with the target organization, and what outcomes result from the collaboration process. Drawing on stakeholder theory and research in interorganizational collaboration, the authors used an inductive, interview-based methodology to build a model of collaboration among nonprofit stakeholder groups. The model contributes to the descriptive stream of stakeholder theory and, in turn, has implications for the instrumental stream. The model also offers implications for future researchers, leaders of stakeholder alliances, and leaders of target organizations.
Understanding Strategic Planning and the Formulation and Implementation of Strategic Plans as a Way of Knowing: The Contributions of Actor-Network Theory

ABSTRACT This article has two purposes: first, to take seriously the notion of strategic planning as a way of knowing, and second, to argue that actor-network theory provides a particularly apposite method for understanding whether and how strategic planning works in particular circumstances. Pursuit of these purposes also helps illuminate possible contributions of strategic planning to inclusive, participative, and democratic public management. The paper is illustrated with examples from the 1995 and 2007 strategic planning and subsequent implementation efforts of MetroGIS, an organization created to foster widespread sharing of geospatial information primarily among public organizatons serving the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota, USA, and further, to enhance their individual and collective effectiveness. The Metropolitan Council, the regional government, is the primary sponsor of MetroGIS, which is comprised of over 300 organizational partners across the region. Conclusions are offered about the importance of viewing and studying strategic planning as a way of knowing and as a potential vehicle for inclusive public management in a democratic society. [A table featuring a complete timeline of the major MetroGIS accomplishments between 1995 and 2008; the controversies, participants, processes, technologies, and artifacts involved; and the outcomes or major consequences resulting from the accomplishment is included as an online supplement on the publisher's website. ]
Extended Libor Market Models with Stochastic Volatility

This paper introduces stochastic volatility to the Libor market model of interest rate dynamics. As in Andersen and Andreasen (2000a) we allow for non-parametric volatility structures with freely specifiable level dependence (such as, but not limited to, the CEV formulation), but now also include a multiplicative perturbation of the forward volatility surface by a general mean-reverting stochastic volatility process. The resulting model dynamics allow for modeling of non-monotonic volatility smiles while explicitly allowing for control of the stationarity properties of the resulting model dynamics. Using asymptotic expansion techniques, we provide closed-form pricing formulas for caps and swaptions that are robust, accurate, and well-suited for both model calibration and general mark-to-market of plain-vanilla instruments. Monte Carlo schemes for the proposed model are proposed and examined.
Long- and short-run balance of payments adjustment: Argentine economic growth constrained

This article addresses insights on Argentina's slowness growth performance throughout the period 1968 to 2003 and, especially, on its recent crisis in 2002. Using time series unit roots tests, vector auto-regresive models and cointegration tests, this study deals with the effect of the external sector constraint on Argentinean output expansion and, in particular, with the empirical validation of a variant of Thirlwall's Law. The results suggest that, in the long-run, there exists a stable relationship between economic growth, exports and even terms of trade. These findings allow us to conclude that Argentina's international payments position constraints its economic activity.
A Note On Generalized Hyperbolic Discounting

In a major contributions to behavioral economics, Loewenstein and Prelec (1992) set the foundations for the behavioral approach to decision making over time and derive the generalized hyperbolic discounting formula. Here we show that their assumption ‘common difference effect with quadratic delay’ cannot be weakened to ‘common difference effect’.
Turkish-German Economic Relations via Foreign Direct Investment and Patents Doğrudan Yabanci Yatirimlar ve Patentler Araciliğiyla Türk-Alman Ekonomik İlişkileri

This working paper aims to identify Turkish-German economic relationship of foreign direct investment and patents in line with the Turkish-German collaboration project (TGIN). Econometric methods such as correlation, regression and Granger causality to analyze the effect of German FDI inflow to Turkey on total foreign-based patent applications for the period from 1999 to 2011 have been used. The results justify the relationship between patents and FDI. The reciprocity between patent applications and FDI is more remarkable for Turkish-German interaction via flow of FDI and patents. German-based FDI fosters patent applications faster with respect to foreign-based FDI to patent transformation.
The world economy 0–2000 AD: A review article

Everyone in the profession knows Angus Maddison. He has written dozens of books and articles on a myriad of issues, and, above all, three books (Maddison 1982, 1991 and 1995) which rank among the major modern interpretations of long-term economic growth. His books, however, stand out even within this literature because of their Statistical Appendices. They contain the most comprehensive data set available on historical trends in GDP (and on much else), and thus, they have become in all likelihood the most quoted books in economic history and perhaps in economics as well. In fact, his latest book (Maddison 2001) is hailed by Paul Krugman as ‘an essential reference for anyone interested in global economic development for many years’ ( www.sourceOECD.org ). Maddison sets out to accomplish three main tasks: (1) To revise and update to 1998 the data for the ‘industrial’ period (after 1820); (2) To present comprehensive estimates for pre-industrial times, since 0 AD (so the subtitle is not boastful at all); and (3) To explore the main causes of long-term trends.
Supply chain networks with corporate social responsibility through integrated environmental decision-making

In this paper we develop a framework for the modeling and analysis of supply chain networks with corporate social responsibility through integrated environmental decision-making. We consider the multicriteria decision-making behaviour of the various decision-makers (manufacturers, retailers, and consumers), which includes the maximization of net returns, the minimization of emissions (waste), and the minimization of risk. Increasing levels of social responsibility activities between decision-makers are assumed to reduce transaction costs, waste, as well as risk. We derive the optimality conditions, define the equilibrium state for the supply chain network, and derive the equivalent finite-dimensional variational inequality, the solution of which yields the equilibrium product flows transacted between the tiers of the supply chain network as well as the nodal prices. We then utilize the variational inequality formulation to provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium flow and price patterns and to pr.
Formation of antibodies against infliximab and adalimumab strongly correlates with functional drug levels and clinical responses in rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) neutralising antibody constructs are increasingly being used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: To determine potential differences in clinical responses, soluble drug levels and antibody formation between patients with RA receiving infliximab and adalimumab. Methods: 69 patients with RA fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and about to start treatment with infliximab or adalimumab, were enrolled consecutively. All patients had active disease (28-joint count Disease Activity Score >3.2). Infliximab was given intravenously at 3 mg/kg at baseline and after 2, 6 and 14 weeks. Adalimumab was administered as 40 mg biweekly subcutaneously. Concomitant drug treatment was monitored and continued at constant dosage during the study. All serum samples were tested for infliximab/adalimumab levels and anti-infliximab/anti-adalimumab antibodies. Results: 35 patients received infliximab, 34 received adalimumab. At 6 months, 15 (43%), 6 (17%) and 14 (40%) of the infliximab-treated patients fulfilled the EULAR criteria for good, moderate and non-responders, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for adalimumab-treated patients were 16 (47%), 8 (24%) and 10 (29%). Clinical responses correlated with the levels of S-infliximab/adalimumab and the formation of anti-infliximab/anti-adalimumab antibodies. Conclusion: The clinical response to two anti-TNFα biological agents closely follows the trough drug levels and the presence of antibodies directed against the drugs. Further studies that focus on the underlying pathways leading to antibody formation are warranted to predict immunogenicity of these expensive biological agents and treatment outcomes.