Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shallow Semantic Annotation of Biomedical Corpora for Information Extraction

Work over the last few years in literature data mining for biology has progressed from linguistically unsophisticated models to the adaptation of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques that use full parsers ([11, 16]) and coreference to extract relations that span multiple sentences ([12, 6]) (For an overview, see [7]). However, there has been a lack of annotated corpora that can fuel further work in this direction in the same way that the development of syntactically annotated corpora such as the Penn Treebank ([10]) led to the development of statistical language parsers (e.g., [3]). To address this situation, we 1 are developing new linguistic resources in three categories: a large corpus of biomedical text annotated with syntactic structure (Treebank) and predicate-argument structure (”proposition bank” or Propbank); a large set of biomedical abstracts and full-text articles annotated with entities and relations of interest to researchers, such as enzyme inhibition, or mutation/cancer connections (Factbanks); and broad-coverage lexicons and tools for the analysis of biomedical texts. We are also developing and adapting software tools that allow human experts to annotate biomedical texts for entity tagging, as well as for treebanking and propbanking. We are focusing initially on two applications: drug development, in collaboration with researchers in the Knowledge Integration and Discovery Systems group at GlaxoSmithKline, and pediatric oncology, in collaboration with researchers in the eGenome group at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. These applications, worthwhile in their own right, provide excellent test beds for broader research efforts in natural language processing and data integration. A guiding principle for this project is the annotation of a corpus with different levels of shallow semantics that will permit the development of NLP tools to extract the desired entities and relationships. These levels consist of entity tagging, reference and coreference, propbanking, and factbanking. Key to the approach is the integration of the different levels of semantic and syntactic annotation with an eye towards clear conceptual semantics, feasibility of implementation, and likelihood of practical benefit. This is a novel approach from the point-of-view of NLP since previous efforts at treebanking and propbanking have been independent of the special status of any entities, and previous efforts at entity annotation have been independent of corresponding layers of syntactic and semantic structure.
Gravitational radiation and the validity of the far-zone quadrupole formula in the Newtonian limit of general relativity.

We examine the gravitational radiation emitted by a sequence of spacetimes whose near-zone Newtonian limit we have previously studied. The spacetimes are defined by initial data which scale in a Newtonian fashion: the density as epsilon/sup 2/, velocity as epsilon, pressure as epsilon/sup 4/, where epsilon is the sequence parameter. We asymptotically approximate the metric at an event which, as epsilon. -->. 0, remains a fixed number of gravitational wavelengths distant from the system and a fixed number of wave periods to the future of the initial hypersurface. We show that the radiation behaves like that of linearized theory in a Minkowski spacetime, since the mass of the metric vanishes as epsilon. -->. 0. We call this Minkowskian far-zone limiting manifold FM; it is a boundary of the sequence of spacetimes, in which the radiation carries an energy flux given asymptotically by the usual far-zone quadrupole formula (the Landau-Lifshitz formula), as measured both by the Isaacson average stress-energy tensor in FM or by the Bondi flux on I/sup +//sub F//sub M/. This proves that the quadrupole formula is an asymptotic approximation to general relativity. We study the relation between I/sup +//sub epsilon/, the sequence of null infinities of the individual manifolds, and I/sup +//submore » F//sub M/; and we examine the gauge-invariance of FM under certain gauge transformations. We also discuss the relation of this calculation with similar ones in the frame-work of matched asymptotic expansions and others based on the characteristic initial-value problem. « less
Paranoia predicts out-group prejudice: preliminary experimental data

This article examines the relationships between exposure to terrorism news and state social paranoia, death anxiety and Islamophobia. In two experiments we show that, contrary to previous research in this area, the terrorism news condition did not significantly increase state social paranoia, death anxiety and prejudice towards Muslims, but that paranoid thinking was the sole predictor of Islamophobia. Trait paranoia is associated with both poor well-being and with negative perceptions of Muslim competitive players – a form of inter-relational prejudice. Results indicated that the frequency of paranoid thoughts mediates the relationship between death anxiety and anti-Muslim prejudice and trait paranoia is the main predictor of the negative perceptions of a Muslim competing player. This study elucidates new pathways to understanding terror management theory, by including paranoia as a type of thinking that predisposes individuals to be suspicious of salient out-groups.
Membrane Topology and Function of Dengue Virus NS2A Protein

ABSTRACT Flavivirus nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is a component of the viral replication complex that functions in virion assembly and antagonizes the host immune response. Although flavivirus NS2A is known to associate with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, the detailed topology of this protein has not been determined. Here we report the first topology model of flavivirus NS2A on the ER membrane. Using dengue virus (DENV) NS2A as a model, we show that (i) the N-terminal 68 amino acids are located in the ER lumen, with one segment (amino acids 30 to 52) that interacts with ER membrane without traversing the lipid bilayer; (ii) amino acids 69 to 209 form five transmembrane segments, each of which integrally spans the ER membrane; and (iii) the C-terminal tail (amino acids 210 to 218) is located in the cytosol. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural analysis showed that the first membrane-spanning segment (amino acids 69 to 93) consists of two helices separated by a “helix breaker. ” The helix breaker is formed by amino acid P85 and one positively charged residue, R84. Functional analysis using replicon and genome-length RNAs of DENV-2 indicates that P85 is not important for viral replication. However, when R84 was replaced with E, the mutation attenuated both viral RNA synthesis and virus production. Remarkably, an R84A mutation did not affect viral RNA synthesis but blocked intracellular formation of infectious virions. Collectively, the mutagenesis results demonstrate that NS2A functions in both DENV RNA synthesis and virion assembly/maturation. The topology model of DENV NS2A provides a good starting point for studying how flavivirus NS2A modulates viral replication and evasion of host immune response.
Adaptación española del “Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale” para población adolescente

El uso problematico del telefono movil es un fenomeno emergente en nuestra sociedad, que parece afectar especialmente a la poblacion adolescente. El conocimiento acerca del uso problematico de esta tecnologia resulta necesario, dado que puede desarrollarse un patron comportamental con caracteristicas adictivas. Apenas existen escalas que midan el posible uso problematico del movil y ninguna adaptada exclusivamente a poblacion adolescente espanola. La escala mas utilizada internacionalmente es la Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS). El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar el MPPUS a la poblacion adolescente espanola. Se administro la version espanola del cuestionario a una muestra de 1132 de 12 a 18 anos. La fiabilidad y la validez factorial eran comparables a las obtenidas en poblacion adulta, por lo que la medida del uso problematico del movil en los adolescentes espanoles es unidimensional. Se detecto una prevalencia del 14.8% de usuarios problematicos.
Elicitations during information retrieval: implications for IR system design

What elicitation or requests for information do search intermediaries and users with information requests make before and during an information retrieval (IR) interaction -and for what purposes? These issues were investigated in two studies of elicitation during 40 mediated JR interactions includhtg one study of the user elicitation puqmes and another of the search intermediary elicitation purposes. A total of 2409 elicitation were identified --852 user elicitation within 10 purpose categories and 1557 search intermediary elicitation within 15 purpose categories. The elicitation purposes included requests for information on search terms and strategies, database selection, seatch procedures, system’s outputs and relevance of retrieved items, and users’ knowledge and previous informationseeking. Implications for the development of a dkdogue-based model of IR interaction and the design of IR systems are also discussed.
Learning Places: A Field Guide for Improving the Context of Schooling

Author to Reader Preface Acknowledgements About the Authors Section A: Shaping Schoolwide Contexts 1. Building on Strengths 2. Achieving Momentum Through Innovativeness 3. Linking Standardized Test Data to Teaching and Learning 4. Promoting Purpose and Community 5. Making Learning Support Accessible Section B: Improving Classroom Teaching 6. Sharing Ideas About Improving Classroom Teaching 7. Focusing Student Interest and Attention 8. Engaging Student Thinking 9. Supporting Student Performance 10. Affirming Student Understanding Section C: Sustaining Passion and Commitment 11. Supporting Professional Development 12. Reframing Success Index
CSR beyond the corporation: contested governance in global value chains

The frontier of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is constantly being negotiated by corporate and non-corporate actors that vie to define its meaning and scope. In this article, we explore the relationship between CSR and governance in the context of global value chains that span both organizational boundaries and geographic borders. We draw on the CSR and global value chain literature to highlight the nexus between CSR and what we see as two overlapping dimensions of governance. These are industrial governance (or the coordination of relationships among actors in a global value chain) and global governance (the efforts of non-state actors to manage transnational processes, including via the creation of norms and rules regarding global production). Drawing inspiration from an emergent neo-Gramscian perspective on global value chains, we propose the notion of contested governance to explain how CSR becomes a key domain in which these contending, though potentially complementary, ways of defining and delimiting governance as an analytic concept play out.
Outplacement for underserved women workers

ConclusionsThe outplacement program ended with a short written evaluation of the value of the program to participants. Their comments indicated a high level of satisfaction; and all responded “yes” to the question, “Overall, do you think the outplacement program has been beneficial to you? ” It appears that one of the main factors contributing to the program's success was having program goals that recognized the needs of hourly women workers. Before the outplacement program, they had no hope of obtaining better jobs than that of telephone operator. It was an exceptional women whose eyes were focused on moving up. The vast majority were resigned to take what they could get, clearly reducing their expectations and encouraging downward rather than upward movement. The true test will be to see what these participants do with their work lives in the future, but responses following the program indicate initially that they are now aiming much higher than the most basic level of employment.
A Test and Reconceptualization of a Theoretical Model of College Withdrawal in a Commuter Institution Setting.

This study tests Tinto's (1975) theoretical model of college withdrawal in a non-residential university setting and offers a reconceptualization of the model based on the results. Path analysis was used to test the predictive validity of the model on a sample offreshmen in a large, urban, commuter institution. The results afforded less support for the person-environmentfit aspects of the model than have been found in residential settings. Similarly, the influence of such concepts in the model as social integration and institutional commitment was found to be different from theoretical expectations or previous research in residential institutions. The findings have implications for the efficacy of person-environmentfit theory as it relates to the prediction of persistencelwithdrawal behavior in non-residential postsecondary institutions. A reconceptualized model for explaining persistencelwithdrawal decisions in commuter institutions is presented and discussed.
MetKB: enriching RDF knowledge bases with web entity-attribute tables

There are many entity-attribute tables on the Web that can be utilized for enriching the entities of an RDF knowledge base. This requires the schema mapping (matching) between the Web tables and the RDF knowledge base. In this paper, we propose a feasible solution that is able to automatically search and rank entity-attribute tables from the Web, and effectively map the extracted tables with the RDF knowledge base with very few manual efforts.
Soy isoflavones, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT polymorphisms, and breast cancer: a case-control study in southwestern China.

CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT are key enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism. Soy isoflavones, phytoestrogens found in soy foods, may modify the activity of these enzymes. A case-control study was conducted to assess the associations between soy isoflavone intake and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val, CYP1B1 Val432Leu, and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms and breast cancer, as well as their combined effects on breast cancer. A total of 400 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 400 healthy controls were recruited. Participants' daily intake of soy isoflavones (DISI [mg/day]) was calculated and transformed to energy-adjusted DISI by the residual method. Gene sequencing was used to analyze CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT polymorphisms. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. A strong protective dose-dependent effect of energy-adjusted DISI on breast cancer was found in both pre- and postmenopausal women (P(trend) < 0.05). Among all women and in the postmenopausal subgroup, COMT Met/Met and CYP1B1 Leu/Leu susceptible genotype carriers had higher risk of breast cancer (aORs > 1, OR 95% CIs exclude 1). In premenopausal women, only carrying CYP1B1 Leu/Leu was associated with breast cancer risk (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.11-3.79). Carrying CYP1A1 Val/Val was related to breast cancer risk only among all women. A stratified analysis was performed at two levels of energy-adjusted DISI, with wildtype homozygous genotypes and low energy-adjusted DISI as the reference. In the high energy-adjusted DISI subgroup, carrying the CYP1B1 Leu/Leu genotype did not affect breast cancer risk in either all women or in the menopausal subgroups, compared with the reference. Overall, in Han Chinese women, carrying CYP1A1 Val/Val and COMT Met/Met appears to be associated with breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal women. CYP1B1 susceptible genotypes (Val/Leu or Leu/Leu) also contribute to increased breast cancer risk, regardless of menopausal status, but high soy isoflavone intake may reduce this risk.
Experiment design for identification of nonlinear gray-box models with application to industrial robots

Experiment design involving selection of optimal experiment positions for nonlinear gray-box models is studied. From the derived Fisher information matrix, a convex optimization problem is posed. By considering the dual problem, the experiment design is efficiently solved with linear complexity in the number of candidate positions, compared to cubic complexity for the primal problem. In the numerical illustration, using an industrial robot, the parameter covariance is reduced by a factor of six by using the 15 optimal positions compared to using the optimal single position in all experiments.
Increasing Support for Contraception as HIV Prevention: Stakeholder Mapping to Identify Influential Individuals and Their Perceptions

Background Voluntary contraceptive use by HIV-positive women currently prevents more HIV-positive births, at a lower cost, than anti-retroviral drug (ARV) regimens. Despite this evidence, most prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs focus solely on providing ARV prophylaxis to pregnant women and rarely include the prevention of unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women. Methodology/Principal Findings To strengthen support for family planning as HIV prevention, we systematically identified key individuals in the field of international HIV/AIDS—those who could potentially influence the issue—and sought to determine their perceptions of barriers to and facilitators for implementing this PMTCT strategy. We used a criteria-based approach to determine which HIV/AIDS stakeholders have the most significant impact on HIV/AIDS research, programs, funding and policy and stratified purposive sampling to conduct interviews with a subset of these individuals. The interview findings pointed to obstacles to strengthening linkages between family planning and HIV/AIDS, including the need for: resources to integrate family planning and HIV services, infrastructure or capacity to provide integrated services at the facility level, national leadership and coordination, and targeted advocacy to key decision-makers. Conclusions/Significance The individuals we identified as having regional or international influence in the field of HIV/AIDS have the ability to leverage an increasingly conducive funding environment and a growing evidence base to address the policy, programmatic and operational challenges to integrating family planning with HIV/AIDS. Fostering greater support for implementing contraception for HIV prevention will require the dedication, collaboration and coordination of many such actors. Our findings can inform a targeted advocacy campaign.
The P-glycoprotein Inhibitor GF120918 Modulates Ca2+-Dependent Processes and Lipid Metabolism in Toxoplasma Gondii

Up-regulation of the membrane-bound efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is associated with the phenomenon of multidrug-resistance in pathogenic organisms, including protozoan parasites. In addition, P-gp plays a role in normal physiological processes, however our understanding of these P-gp functions remains limited. In this study we investigated the effects of the P-gp inhibitor GF120918 in Toxoplasma gondii, a model apicomplexan parasite and an important human pathogen. We found that GF120918 treatment severely inhibited parasite invasion and replication. Further analyses of the molecular mechanisms involved revealed that the P-gp inhibitor modulated parasite motility, microneme secretion and egress from the host cell, all cellular processes known to depend on Ca2+ signaling in the parasite. In support of a potential role of P-gp in Ca2+-mediated processes, immunoelectron and fluorescence microscopy showed that T. gondii P-gp was localized in acidocalcisomes, the major Ca2+ storage in the parasite, at the plasma membrane, and in the intravacuolar tubular network. In addition, metabolic labeling of extracellular parasites revealed that inhibition or down-regulation of T. gondii P-gp resulted in aberrant lipid synthesis. These results suggest a crucial role of T. gondii P-gp in essential processes of the parasite biology and further validate the potential of P-gp activity as a target for drug development.
Experience Effects on the Development of Late Second Language Learners’ Oral Proficiency

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of language experience—operationalized as length of residence—on late second language learners. Data collected from 65 participants consists of three groups of Japanese learners of English (n = 13 Short-, Mid-, Long-LOR Groups, respectively) and two groups of baseline speakers (n = 13 for inexperienced Japanese speakers and native English speakers, respectively). The global quality of their spontaneous speech production was initially judged by 10 native speaking raters of English based on accentedness (linguistic nativelikeness) and comprehensibility (ease of understanding), and then submitted to segmental, prosodic, temporal, lexical, and grammatical analyses. According to the results, LOR was generally predictive of improved L2 comprehensibility as a result of the continuous development of good prosody, optimal speech rate, and proper lexicogrammar usage, while a great amount of L2 experience was required to enhance accentedness, which entailed refined segmental accuracy, vocabulary richness, and grammatical complexity. These results, in turn, suggest L2 learners continue to improve L2 oral proficiency over an extensive period of L2 immersion (e.g., 6 years of LOR), and they do so by paying selective attention to certain linguistic domains closely linked to comprehensibility—but not necessarily relevant to accentedness—for the purpose of successful L2 communication.
Gait Identification Using Invisible Shadows: Robustness to Appearance Changes

This paper presents a person identification technique that uses information from person's shadow, and is robust to appearance changes caused by variations of clothes and carried objects. The technique uses invisible lights and resulting shadows and has advantages from undetected sensing. The shadows on the ground obtained through illumination by multiple lights can be considered as silhouettes captured by multiple virtual cameras placed at light positions. Thus, a single camera, e.g. in the ceiling, is able to obtain multiple silhouettes, equivalent to a multi-camera system. If the person's appearance changes compared to the training cases in the database, e.g. by wearing different clothes or carrying a/another bag, then the identification performance gets worse. To deal with this problem, we introduce a new shadow-based identification technique robust to appearance changes. Firstly, we divide each shadow area into several parts, and estimate the discrimination capability for each part based on gait features between gallery datasets and probe dataset. Next, according to the estimated capability, we adaptively control the priorities of these parts in the person identification method. We constructed a new shadow database with a variety of clothes and bags, and carried out successful experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.