Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical Considerations for the Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant risk factor for stroke and peripheral thromboembolic events (TEs). Preventing blood clots in the heart to reduce stroke and TE risk is a key goal of AF therapy. Traditional stroke risk assessment tools for patients with nonvalvular AF include the CHADS2 and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores, while long-term outcome data with the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are emerging. The goals of this review were to assess traditional therapies and existing treatment guidelines and to discuss key pharmacologic properties of the DOACS, noting how these may benefit at-risk patients with AF. This narrative review was developed on the basis of the authors’ clinical knowledge, extensive reading of the literature, and broad pharmacy experience in the management of patients with AF. Limitations of oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) include slow onset of action, the need for regular monitoring of their anticoagulation effect, significant food and drug interactions, and unpredictable dose–response properties. Key clinical trial data led to the approvals of apixaban, dabigatran etexilate, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban in the United States to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. With predictable pharmacologic properties and limited drug and/or dietary interactions, the DOACs offer several benefits over traditional oral anticoagulation therapy with VKA. However, they have limitations, including the absence of immediate reversal agents and limited options for monitoring their anticoagulation effects in clinical practice. As experience with the use of DOACs grows, optimized treatment regimens and improved patient care are expected.
Turbulence in financial markets: the surprising explanatory power of simple cascade models

Price changes in financial markets have been found to share many of the features characterizing turbulent flows. In particular, a number of recent contributions have highlighted that time series from both stock and foreign exchange markets possess multifractal statistics, i.e. the scaling behaviour of absolute moments is described by a convex function. These findings have stimulated the application of certain cascade models from statistical physics to financial data. Extant work in this area has so far been confined to parameter estimation and visual comparison of empirical and theoretical scaling properties. The lack of rigorous statistical measures of goodness of fit in the literature on turbulence has, however, impeded a comparison of these new models with standard approaches in empirical finance. Here we try to fill this gap and provide a first assessment of two elementary cascade models based on elementary goodness-of-fit criteria. As it turns out, these relatively simple one-parameter models are not only capable of accommodating the multiscaling behaviour of price changes, but also provide a perplexingly good fit of the unconditional distribution of the data. In a double-blind test, we would, in fact, be unable to reject identity of the data-generating processes underlying empirical records and simulated data from stochastic cascades.
Infrastructure Development and Employment: The Case of Turkey

Akyelken N. Infrastructure development and employment: the case of Turkey, Regional Studies. This study illustrates the interaction effects between human capital and transport infrastructure by taking into account the gender differences and the roles of socio-cultural factors on employment in Turkey. It is shown that a considerable part of the variation in paid employment is at a regional scale and that significant associations exist between the interaction effects of education and transport infrastructure and paid employment. Although the role of regional context is roughly comparable for men and women, there are gender differences in the associations between socio-cultural and physical characteristics and employment.
Using g alternatives to reduce subgroup differences when predicting US public‐sector performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bring attention to the issues of validity and subgroup differences of selection devices currently being used in the public sector.Design/methodology/approach – An attempt is made to identify unfair hiring practices, particularly important within the public sector, as this area of employment is characterized by a unique set of circumstances. Among them, economic constraints, the social burden to ensure fair treatment among applicants and incumbents, and an increasingly higher expectation of quality service among customers in the public sector. This paper also explores the effectiveness of two strategies for reducing subgroup differences while maintaining or increasing criterion‐related validity.Findings – The findings of this study are important and answer some central questions. First, g and job knowledge were the best individual predictors of overall performance criteria; second, the g, alternative, and full models all significantly predicted the performance crit.
The Zona Incerta Regulates Communication between the Superior Colliculus and the Posteromedial Thalamus: Implications for Thalamic Interactions with the Dorsolateral Striatum

There is uncertainty concerning the circuit connections by which the superior colliculus interacts with the basal ganglia. To address this issue, anterograde and retrograde tracers were placed, respectively, into the superior colliculus and globus pallidus of Sprague-Dawley rats. In this two-tracer experiment, the projections from the superior colliculus terminated densely in the ventral zona incerta (ZIv), but did not overlap the labeled neurons observed in the subthalamic nucleus. In cases in which anterograde and retrograde tracers were placed, respectively, in sensory-responsive sites in the superior colliculus and posteromedial (POm) thalamus, the labeled projections from superior colliculus innervated the ZIv regions that contained the labeled neurons that project to POm. We also confirmed this colliculo–incertal–POm pathway by depositing a mixture of retrograde and anterograde tracers at focal sites in ZIv to reveal retrogradely labeled neurons in superior colliculus and anterogradely labeled terminals in POm. When combined with retrograde tracer injections in POm, immunohistochemical processing proved that most ZIv projections to POm are GABAergic. Consistent with these findings, direct stimulation of superior colliculus evoked neuronal excitation in ZIv and caused inhibition of spontaneous activity in POm. Collectively, these results indicate that superior colliculus can activate the inhibitory projections from ZIv to the POm. This is significant because it suggests that the superior colliculus could suppress the interactions between POm and the dorsolateral striatum, presumably to halt ongoing behaviors so that more adaptive motor actions are selected in response to unexpected sensory events. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT By demonstrating that the zona incerta regulates communication between the superior colliculus and the posteromedial thalamus, we have uncovered a circuit that partly explains the behavioral changes that occur in response to unexpected sensory stimuli. Furthermore, this circuit could explain why deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta is beneficial to patients who suffer from Parkinson's disease.
COMPARING BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION MODELS IN IRAN

This paper compares the predictive power of a number of previous research models on bankruptcy prediction in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from 2001 to 2009. To compare the predictive power of these models, the adjusted R 2 (as In-sample metric) and root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPC) (as out-of-sample prediction metrics). Finally, based on the estimation results of previous models in Iran, we present a final version logit type model that has higher performance than other models. The empirical results of In-sample and out-of-sample prediction power indicate that our presented model Since Beaver (1966), an expanded literature on bankruptcy prediction has emerged, and its impact has spilled into the commercial world, where it has been used in the development of several commercially employed bankruptcy prediction models. Out of this literature have come a number of competing empirical models with alternative explanatory variables and alternative statistical methodologies for model estimation. The dependent variable in these models is commonly a dummy variable where ''firm filed for bankruptcy" is set to 1 and other is set to 0. The independent variables are often accounting ratios extracted from financial statements and include measures of profitability, liquidity, and leverage. Some studies also include market-based variables such as the volatility of stock returns and past excess returns. The accounting-based models developed by Altman (1968) and Ohlson (1980) have emerged as the most popular bankruptcy prediction models and are often used by empirical accounting researchers as indicators of financial distress. Altman (1968) employs multivariate discriminate analysis (MDA) on a list of financial ratios to identify those ratios that are statistically associated with future bankruptcy. Ohlson (1980) uses a logit ‎ model, which uses less restrictive assumptions than those taken by the MDA approach. Zmijewski (1984) adopts a probit approach that is also based on accounting data but uses a different set of independent variables. All of these approaches predict future bankruptcy based on accounting ratios drawn from firm’s financial statements. More recently, Shumway (2001) has proposed a discretetime hazard ‎ model to predict a firm's bankruptcy using both accounting and market variables. The main difference between this model and the static logit ‎ model is that the hazard model can be estimated within the logit ‎ framework while using the entire life span of information (all firmyears) for each firm. By contrast, the static logit ‎ model
Special Section Applied Science Research in Information Systems: The Last Research Mile

RobeRt o. bRiggs is director of academic affairs for the university of Nebraska at Omaha’s Center for Collaboration Science and an associate professor of management in its College of business administration. he earned his ph.D. in management and information systems from the university of arizona in 1994. he researches the cognitive and social foundations of collaboration and applies his findings to the design and deployment of new collaborative techniques, work practices, and technologies. he has published scholarly works on theoretical, empirical, and applied aspects of collaboration science.
Execution Costs and Efficient Execution Frontiers

Single period risks acceptable to the market at zero cost are modeled by a convex set of random variables leading to bid and ask prices that are trade size dependent. The theory of nonlinear expectations is employed to construct dynamically consistent sequences of bid and ask unit size prices that are size and trade date contingent. We then study the optimal design of spot and forward trading to minimize execution costs. Finally, we illustrate the construction of a two period execution cost frontier trading a decrease in execution costs for additional exposure to price risk. Most structured products already have prices that depend on the direction of the trade. Additionally markets already exist for large block trades with their own price structure that takes account of the time allowed for its execution. This paper outlines arbitrage free mechanisms for generating such price structures that could lead to automating quotation systems for such markets. Additionally, we describe the tradeoffs implicit in seeking to commit to trades now as opposed to assuming the price risk implicit in delaying commitments. Such an explicit analysis could lead to the development of optimal execution algorithms that economize on the level of price risk absorbed into the execution strategies.
Monetary Policy in the Media

Just like private companies depend crucially on their ability to reach customers, policymakers must communicate with private agents to be successful--and much of this communication is channeled through the media. This is especially true for central banks because the effectiveness of monetary policy depends to a large degree on their credibility among the general public. Using the case of the European Central Bank (ECB), the paper analyses the favorableness with which monetary policy decisions are reported upon in the print media. We find that media coverage is, among other things, influenced by the amount of information communicated by the ECB. There are, however, also indications of a critical monitoring role assumed by the media, which tends to report more negatively on ECB policy decisions when inflation exceeds the inflation target.
Fusing Real-Time Depth Imaging with High Precision Pose Estimation by a Measurement Arm

Recently, depth cameras have emerged which capture dense depth images in real-time. To benefit from their 3D imaging capabilities in interactive applications which support an arbitrary camera movement, the position and orientation of the depth camera needs to be robustly estimated in real time for each captured depth image. Therefore, this paper describes how to combine a depth camera with a mechanical measurement arm to fuse real-time depth imaging with real-time, high precision pose estimation. Estimating the pose of a depth camera with a measurement arm has three major advantages over 2D/3D image based optical pose estimation: The measurement arm has a very precise guaranteed accuracy better than 0.1mm, the pose estimation accuracy is not influenced by the captured scene and the computational load is much lower than for optical pose estimation, leaving more processing power for the applications themselves.
Trade Policy and Specialization

This paper examines the impact of trade policy on production specialization patterns in ten Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) over the period 1990-2001, and explicitly assesses the potential implications of a trade agreement with the United States.
The Effect of Cold Stress on UVB Injury in Mouse Skin and Cultured Keratinocytes

Abstract— The effect of cold stress on skin damage caused by UVB irradiation was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Ear skin of mice that had been exposed to cold stress at 0°C for 20 min and at 5°C for 24 h was exposed to UVB radiation. Sunburn cell production was less in mice exposed to the lower temperature. In addition, the effect of cold stress on the survival rate of UVB‐irradiated rat keratinocytes was examined in a cytotoxicity test, with the results showing that keratinocytes exposed to cold stress of 0°C had a higher survival rate than control cells. To pursue a promising clue for explaining the result, we examined metallothionein (MT) production in rat keratinocytes that had been exposed to cold stress at 0°C. Microfluorometric quantification showed a positive correlation between the time course and the intensity of immunofluorescence for MT, indicating that the molecule is inducible by exposure to cold stress in our experimental system. These results suggest that epidermal cells that have been exposed to cold stress maintain a higher resistance to UV radiation than nonexposed controls in vivo and in vitro, and that MT with radical‐scavenging activity might contribute, at least in part, to photoprotection against UVB‐induced oxidative damage in mammalian skin.
Utility-consistent poverty in Madagascar, 2001-10: Snapshots in the presence of multiple economy-wide shocks

We use Arndt and Simlerâ€™s (2010) utility-consistent approach to calculating poverty lines to analyse poverty in Madagascar in 2001, 2005 and 2010. Because two major political crises occurred between the survey periods, the snapshots of national poverty rising from 56.3 per cent in 2001 to 59.6 per cent in 2005, and to 61.4 per cent in 2010, are not necessarily indicative of a trend of persistently rising poverty. Complementary data indicate that in the time periods between the shocks, the well-being of the poor improved. This evidence suggests that poverty estimates for Madagascar are more a reflection of short-term shocks than of long-term trends.
Estimating Discrete-Choice Models of Product Differentiation

This article considers the problem of "supply-and-demand" analysis on a cross section of oligopoly markets with differentiated products. The primary methodology is to assume that demand can be described by a discrete-choice model and that prices are endogenously determined by price-setting firms. In contrast to some previous empirical work, the techniques explicitly allow for the possibility that prices are correlated with unobserved demand factors in the cross section of markets. The article proposes estimation by "inverting" the market-share equation to find the implied mean levels of utility for each good. This method allows for estimation by traditional instrumental variables techniques.
Classifying Twitter favorites: Like, bookmark, or Thanks?

Since its foundation in 2006, Twitter has enjoyed a meteoric rise in popularity, currently boasting over 500 million users. Its short text nature means that the service is open to a variety of different usage patterns, which have evolved rapidly in terms of user base and utilization. Prior work has categorized Twitter users, as well as studied the use of lists and re‐tweets and how these can be used to infer user profiles and interests. The focus of this article is on studying why and how Twitter users mark tweets as “favorites”—a functionality with currently poorly understood usage, but strong relevance for personalization and information access applications. Firstly, manual analysis and classification are carried out on a randomly chosen set of favorited tweets, which reveal different approaches to using this functionality (i.e., bookmarks, thanks, like, conversational, and self‐promotion). Secondly, an automatic favorites classification approach is proposed, based on the categories established in the previous step. Our machine learning experiments demonstrate a high degree of success in matching human judgments in classifying favorites according to usage type. In conclusion, we discuss the purposes to which these data could be put, in the context of identifying users' patterns of interests.
The Joint Production of Confidence: Endogenous Regulation and Nineteenth Century Commercial-Bank Clearinghouses

During the nineteenth century, deposits increased relative to bank notes, c ausing increased information-asymmetry problems in banking. This pape r describes how bank clearinghouses lowered these costs by monitoring bank activities and establishing mechanisms of managerial control, i n effect "regulating" bank behavior. Such actions enforced the loca l one-to-one exchange rate between deposits and specie. Clearinghouse s increased regulation during financial panics, creating and enforcin g a risk-sharing device (loan certificates) for addressing panic-rela ted information problems. This paper concludes that "the market's" capacity to control bank managers depends on the banking product mix, and more generally, on information costs. Copyright 1987 by Ohio State University Press.
Vacuum packaging development and testing for an uncooled IR bolometer device

A vacuum package has been developed for 128/spl times/128 array IR bolometer device with Ge window having anti reflection (AR) coating. For a good vacuum package hermeticity and low out gassing are the two critical elements. A good hermetic sealing has been achieved with Ge window attachment using solder bonding. Different metallization structures have been tried and metallization of oxide/Ti/Ni/Au with additional annealing process was found to have good adhesion and solder wetting. Getters have been activated before final vacuum sealing of the package to absorb the outgassing gases from the packaging materials. Residual Gas analysis (RGA) showed that Thermo electric cooler used inside the package outgassed more compared to other materials. Vacuum inside the package was measured by using a single element IR bolometer device and found to have vacuum of 50milli torr. The developed vacuum package has been tested functionally and found to be no degradation in image before and after packaging.
Different pro-inflammatory and immunogenic potentials of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis: implications for chronic inflammatory acne.

INTRODUCTION Propionibacterium acnes (PA) and Staphyloccocus epidermidis (SE) are two major bacterial strains isolated from acne lesions. Nevertheless, only PA seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Evidence for this, however, remains indirect and the precise role of PA in inflammatory acne is still a matter for conjecture. The aim of this study was to compare some pro-inflammatory and adjuvant properties of PA and SE. MATERIAL/METHODS To determine some of the pathogenic, immunostimulatory, and pro-inflammatory proper of PA and SE, two experimental models of inflammation were used. In vivo; chronic inflammation was induced by intradermal injection of living bacteria into the ear. In vitro; peritoneal macrophages elicited by the bacteria were examined for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines. RESULTS PA, but not SE, evoked mild local inflammation of infected ears. Macrophages elicited with PA produced more tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin IL-12 than those induced with SE, while SE was a stronger inducer of IL-10 production. Both bacteria equally induced the generation of NO and ROS. In contrast, only PA showed adjuvant proper-ties. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies indicate that SE, in contrast to PA, does not exert pro-inflammatory properties. Thus it is unlikely that SE may be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne vulgaris.
TIME VARIATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF WORKER FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE

SUMMARY Vector autoregressive methods have been used to model the interrelationships between job vacancy rates, job separation rates and job‐finding rates using tools such as impulse response analysis. We investigate whether such impulse responses change across the business cycle or over time, by estimating time‐varying parameter–vector autoregressions for data from North America (the USA and Canada) and Europe (France, Spain and the UK). While the adjustment process of the labour market to shocks in Canada and the USA is similar, we find the adjustment process differs much more across the European countries, with greater persistence in shocks relative to the USA and Canada. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding simulation: a new approach to time series forecasting

This paper proposes a new approach to time series forecasting based upon three premises. First, a model is selected not by how well it fits historical data but on its ability to accurately predict out-of-sample actual data. Second, a model/method is selected among several run in parallel using out-of-sample information. Third, models/methods are optimized for each forecasting horizon separately, making it possible to have different models/methods to predict each of the m horizons. This approach outperforms the best method of the M-Competition by a large margin when tested empirically with the 111 series subsample of the M-Competition data.