Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dutch practice nurses’ adherence to evidence-based smoking cessation treatment guidelines

Background Practice nurses in general practice sub-optimally adhere to evidence-based smoking cessation treatment guidelines, but factors explaining their adherence have not yet been investigated. Understanding such factors is important to develop interventions improving practice nurses' smoking cessation guideline adherence and patients' subsequent cessation success. This study explored the association between different socio-cognitive and predisposing factors, and practice nurses' adherence to the Dutch smoking cessation guideline in general (i.e. overall adherence) and to each guideline step individually (i.e. step-based adherence). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among practice nurses (N = 157) in January-March 2015 via web-based questionnaires, assessing constructs from the Integrated Change Model. Spearman's correlations and linear regression analysis were used to identify potential determinants of overall guideline adherence; Mann-Whitney U-tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify potential determinants of step-based adherence. Results On average five out of nine steps were completely adhered to by practice nurses; and step-based adherence ranged from 34% to 75%. Overall guideline adherence was associated with high levels of self-efficacy to use a guideline (β = 0.32, P = 0.00), and step-based adherence was additionally associated with spending more time on counselling. Regression results showed positive associations between self-efficacy (8/9 steps) and perceived advantages (7/9 steps) with step-based adherence. Conclusion This study quantitatively confirmed practice nurses' sub-optimal guideline adherence and found associations between socio-cognitive (self-efficacy and perceived advantages) and predisposing factors (time spent on counselling), and guideline adherence. Detailed insights in these factors offer preliminary directions for intervention development to improve practice nurses' adherence to evidence-based smoking cessation guidelines.
Digital Image Processing Technique to Indirect Tensile Test of Asphalt Mixtures

A digital image processing technique is used for conventional indirect tensile test of asphalt mixtures, by which non-connect measuring process is realized on the horizontal and vertical deformation of specimen. In this system, the shape and deformation of the specimen are automatically monitored and recorded. Through comparison and Analysis the limitation and superiority of traditional measurement method with the digital image processing technique, it is proved that the latter is more practical. Also, the precision and error of the digital image processing system is tested. It is advanced that Poisson’s ratio changes with the stress state of material, and the displacement field of specimen surface at any given time is given in this paper to be used to analyze the local deformation of materials.
Online Recruitment: Feasibility, Cost, and Representativeness in a Study of Postpartum Women

Background Online recruitment is feasible, low-cost, and can provide high-quality epidemiological data. However, little is known about the feasibility of recruiting postpartum women online, or sample representativeness. Objective The current study investigates the feasibility of recruiting a population of postpartum women online for health research and examines sample representativeness. Methods Two samples of postpartum women were compared: those recruited online as participants in a brief survey of new mothers (n=1083) and those recruited face-to-face as part of a nationally representative study (n=579). Sociodemographic, general health, and mental health characteristics were compared between the two samples. Results Obtaining a sample of postpartum women online for health research was highly efficient and low-cost. The online sample over-represented those who were younger (aged 25-29 years), were in a de facto relationship, had higher levels of education, spoke only English at home, and were first-time mothers. Members of the online sample were significantly more likely to have poor self-rated health and poor mental health than the nationally representative sample. Health differences remained after adjusting for sociodemographic differences. Conclusions Potential exists for feasible and low-cost e-epidemiological research with postpartum populations; however, researchers should consider the potential influence of sample nonrepresentativeness.
Genomic Attributes of Novel Symbiont Pseudovibrio brasiliensis sp. nov. Isolated From the Sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis

Sponge holobionts are defined as the host animals and their associated microbiomes. Both host and microbiome produce extracellular products that facilitate interaction within the holobiont. For example, microbes may provide nutrition for the animal host and protection against pathogens. The genomic study of bacterial cultures may shed light on the properties of novel symbiotic bacteria isolated from marine holobionts. In this study, we performed a genome-based analysis of Pseudovibrio brasiliensis Ab134T isolated from the sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis. This novel strain is phylogenetically related to Pseudovibrio denitrificans. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and calculation of the average amino acid identity between the strain Ab134T and P. denitrificans JCM 12308T showed <70% similarity and <95% identity, respectively. This novel bacterial species possesses genomic features that hint at several possible roles in symbiosis (e.g., production of secondary metabolites, including bromotyrosine-derived alkaloids) in sponge and coral holobionts. We also detected gene clusters encoding type III, type IV, and type VI secretion systems and 26 toxin-like proteins, including probable paralogs. Our results demonstrate the genome versatility of P. brasiliensis Ab134T and the potential to attach to host cells, which may play a role in its symbiotic lifestyle.
A Family of Diverse Kunitz Inhibitors from Echinococcus granulosus Potentially Involved in Host-Parasite Cross-Talk

The cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the agent of hydatidosis/echinococcosis, is remarkably well adapted to its definitive host. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the successful establishment of larval worms (protoscoleces) in the dog duodenum are unknown. With the aim of identifying molecules participating in the E. granulosus-dog cross-talk, we surveyed the transcriptomes of protoscoleces and protoscoleces treated with pepsin at pH 2. This analysis identified a multigene family of secreted monodomain Kunitz proteins associated mostly with pepsin/H+-treated worms, suggesting that they play a role at the onset of infection. We present the relevant molecular features of eight members of the E. granulosus Kunitz family (EgKU-1 – EgKU-8). Although diverse, the family includes three pairs of close paralogs (EgKU-1/EgKU-4; EgKU-3/EgKU-8; EgKU-6/EgKU-7), which would be the products of recent gene duplications. In addition, we describe the purification of EgKU-1 and EgKU-8 from larval worms, and provide data indicating that some members of the family (notably, EgKU-3 and EgKU-8) are secreted by protoscoleces. Detailed kinetic studies with native EgKU-1 and EgKU-8 highlighted their functional diversity. Like most monodomain Kunitz proteins, EgKU-8 behaved as a slow, tight-binding inhibitor of serine proteases, with global inhibition constants (K I *) versus trypsins in the picomolar range. In sharp contrast, EgKU-1 did not inhibit any of the assayed peptidases. Interestingly, molecular modeling revealed structural elements associated with activity in Kunitz cation-channel blockers. We propose that this family of inhibitors has the potential to act at the E. granulosus-dog interface and interfere with host physiological processes at the initial stages of infection.
The SAMHD1 dNTP Triphosphohydrolase Is Controlled by a Redox Switch.

AIMS Proliferative signaling involves reversible posttranslational oxidation of proteins. However, relatively few molecular targets of these modifications have been identified. We investigate the role of protein oxidation in regulation of SAMHD1 catalysis. RESULTS Here we report that SAMHD1 is a major target for redox regulation of nucleotide metabolism and cell cycle control. SAMHD1 is a triphosphate hydrolase, whose function involves regulation of deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools. We demonstrate that the redox state of SAMHD1 regulates its catalytic activity. We have identified three cysteine residues that constitute an intrachain disulfide bond "redox switch" that reversibly inhibits protein tetramerization and catalysis. We show that proliferative signals lead to SAMHD1 oxidation in cells and oxidized SAMHD1 is localized outside of the nucleus. Innovation and Conclusions: SAMHD1 catalytic activity is reversibly regulated by protein oxidation. These data identify a previously unknown mechanism for regulation of nucleotide metabolism by SAMHD1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1317-1331.
The Role of Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)/GlycineB Site-Regulated Complex Cognitive Behaviors following Repeated Morphine Administration

Abstract Background: Opiate addiction is associated with complex cognitive impairment, which contributes to the development of compulsive drug use and relapses. Dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play critical roles in opiate-induced cognitive deficits. However, the roles of D1 and D3 receptors in the N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycineB receptor-regulated cognitive behaviors induced by morphine remain unknown. Methods: The 5-choice serial reaction time task was used to investigate the cognitive profiles associated with repeated morphine administration in D1 (D1-/-)- and D3 (D3-/-)-receptor knockout mice. The expression of phosphorylated NR1, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the brain was examined by western blotting. D1-/- and D3-/- mice were treated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycineB site agonist l-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the antagonist L-701,324 to chronically disrupt N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and investigate their effects on morphine-induced cognitive changes. Results: Repeated morphine administration impaired attentional function and caused impulsive and compulsive behaviors. D1-/- mice exhibited hardly any premature nosepokes. D3-/- mice showed robustly increased morphine-induced impulsive behavior. The numbers of premature responses were decreased by L-701,324 administration and increased by ACPC administration; these effects were completely abolished in D1-/- mice due to their inability to perform reward-based tasks. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of L-701,324 on impulsive behavior were significantly augmented in D3-/- mice. Conclusions: N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycineB site functions may contribute to morphine-induced cognitive deficits, especially those related to impulsive behavior. D1 and D3 receptors may have contrasting effects with respect to modulating impulsive behavior. D3 receptors have inhibitory effects on impulsive behaviors, and these effects are clearly mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycineB receptor and μ-opioid receptor interactions.
Shock efficacy of single and dual coil electrodes—new insights from the NORDIC ICD Trial

Aims Dual coil (DC) electrodes are preferred to single coil (SC) electrodes because of an assumed higher shock efficacy. However, DC-electrodes may be associated with an increased difficulty and risk of lead extraction. We aimed to compare SC- and DC-electrodes with respect to the first shock efficacy (FSE) after implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Methods and results One thousand and seventy-seven patients of the NORDIC ICD trial were randomly assigned to first time ICD implantation with or without defibrillation (DF) testing. The electrode configuration was determined before randomization. One thousand and sixty-seven patients eventually received an ICD, 516 (48.4%) with a SC- and 551 (51.6%) with a DC-electrode. DC-electrodes were preferentially selected in older patients, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, dual chamber, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) devices, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin (AT) receptor blockers and without Sotalol. However, the preference of the investigational site was dominant over clinical parameters. The DF energy at the final electrode position was higher in SC-electrodes (adjusted difference +1.15 J; P = 0.005; only patients tested). Less patients with DC-electrodes required intra-operative system reconfiguration (adjusted difference -3.9; P = 0.046; only patients tested). Using mixed logistic regression, the FSE was 92.6% in SC- and 97.8% in DC-electrodes (adjusted odds ratio 4.3 (95% confidence interval [1.9, 9.8]; P < 0.001)). Conclusion Dual coil-electrode selection mainly depends on the preference of the investigational site and seems to be preferred in older patients, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, dual chamber, and CRT devices. Patients with DC-electrodes required less intraoperative system reconfigurations. Dual coil-electrodes provided a substantially higher FSE during follow-up. Mortality rates were not significantly different in patients with DC- and SC-electrodes.
Evidence for the existence of geographic trends in university Web site interlinking

The Web is an important medium for scholarly communication of various types, perhaps eventually to replace entirely some traditional mechanisms such as print journals. Yet the Web analogy of citations, hyperlinks, are much more varied in use and existing citation techniques are difficult to generalise to the new medium. In this context, one new challenging object of study is the modern multi‐faceted, multi‐genre, partly unregulated university Web site. This paper develops a methodology to analyse the patterns of interlinking between university Web sites and uses it to indicate that the degree of interlinking decreases with distance, at least in the UK. This is perhaps not in itself a surprising result, despite claims of a paradigm shift from the traditional virtual college towards collaboratories, but the methodology developed can also be used to refine existing Web link metrics to produce more powerful tools for comparing groups of sites.
Supplemental Material for : Protein classification using modified n-grams and skip-grams

Example of modification of skips in k-skip-bi-gram motifs. For example, if X represents a single skip, the motifs MXXH and MXH are considered unique without buffering. However, if the skips are buffered by 2 (a = 2), the buffered skip value of motif MXXH will be c = 2 + ((2 − 2)%2) = 2, yielding the original motif MXXH. On the other hand, skip buffering MXH gives the value c = 1 + ((2 − 1)%2) = 2, and yields a new motif MXXH. This motif is different from the original MXH, but is identical to the previous example MXXH. In this way, the buffered skip model can account for insertion/deletion events.
Measurement of pyrolysis gases on palm oil shell and empty fruit bunch

Flammable gases, char and liquid smoke can be obtained by pyrolysis process from palm oil shell and empty fruit bunch (EFB). Palm oil waste contains lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Applied temperature on the pyrolysis process influences liquid, char and gases composition also pyrolysis product characteristic. The objective of this study is to measure produced gases on pyrolysis process of palm oil shell and EFB influenced by temperature. The experiment was conducted by using a pyrolysis reactor with temperature at 300°C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. The result showed that shell pyrolysis produced char, liquid and gases mass fraction at the range of 34.99–63.78%, 22.76–43.28% and 13.47–21.73%. EFB pyrolysis produced char, liquid and gases mass fraction at the range of 30.66–64.76%, 16.25–29.16% and 18.98–44.49% Increasing temperature resulted in increasing char calorific value of both shell and EFB at the range of 25.64–29.60 kJ/g and 24.50–27.86 kJ/g. However, pyrolysis gas calorific value was decreasing with the increasing of temperature at the range of 12.18–20.05 kJ/g and 11.98–15.94 kJ/g. Increasing of shell temperature increased CO gas concentration at the range of 2.86–18.42% Increasing of EFB temperature increased CO and CH4 gases concentration at the range of 3.81–15.74% and 0.29–0.76%.
Macrophage Differentiation and Function in Atherosclerosis: Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention?

The macrophage is exquisitely sensitive to its microenvironment, as demonstrated primarily through in vitro study. Changes in macrophage phenotype and function within the atherosclerotic plaque have profound consequences for plaque biology, including rupture and arterial thrombosis leading to clinical events such as myocardial infarction. We review the evidence for dynamic changes in macrophage numbers and macrophage differentiation within the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment and discuss potential approaches to target macrophage differentiation for therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular disease.
Genomic Prediction from Multiple-Trait Bayesian Regression Methods Using Mixture Priors

Bayesian multiple-regression methods incorporating different mixture priors for marker effects are used widely in genomic prediction. Improvement in prediction accuracies from using those methods, such as BayesB, BayesC, and BayesCπ, have been shown in single-trait analyses with both simulated and real data. These methods have been extended to multi-trait analyses, but only under the restrictive assumption that a locus simultaneously affects all the traits or none of them. This assumption is not biologically meaningful, especially in multi-trait analyses involving many traits. In this paper, we develop and implement a more general multi-trait BayesCΠ and BayesB methods allowing a broader range of mixture priors. Our methods allow a locus to affect any combination of traits, e.g., in a 5-trait analysis, the “restrictive” model only allows two situations, whereas ours allow all 32 situations. Further, we compare our methods to single-trait methods and the “restrictive” multi-trait formulation using real and simulated data. In the real data analysis, higher prediction accuracies were observed from both our new broad-based multi-trait methods and the “restrictive” formulation. The broad-based and restrictive multi-trait methods showed similar prediction accuracies. In the simulated data analysis, higher prediction accuracies to the “restrictive” method were observed from our general multi-trait methods for intermediate training population size. The software tool JWAS offers open-source routines to perform these analyses.
PVDOMICS: A Multi-Center Study to Improve Understanding of Pulmonary Vascular Disease Through Phenomics.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung and Blood institute (NHLBI) launched an initiative, PVDOMICS (Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics) that aims to augment the current pulmonary hypertension (PH) classification based on shared biological features. PVDOMICS will enroll 1500 participants with PH and disease and healthy comparators. Enrollees will undergo deep clinical phenotyping, and blood will be acquired for comprehensive omic analyses that will focus on discovery of molecular-based subtypes of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) through application of high dimensional model-based clustering methods. In addition to an updated, molecular classification of PVD, the phenomic data generated will be a rich resource to the broad community of heart and lung disease investigators. Editorial, see p 1106 PH is a hemodynamic condition that causes increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and the right heart leading to adverse clinical outcomes. The current World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) classification of PH is based on a combination of patient characteristics, clinical features, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, and these features are used to inform treatment options.1 Aside from heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, this classification is not tied to molecular or cellular pathobiologic mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of PH. The NIH has a vested interest in understanding the causes and natural history of PH, as well as the discovery of effective treatment options. Since the first large NIH registry of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension >30 years ago,2 significant advances in scientific knowledge and translational medicine have occurred, highlighting a need for updating the current clinical classification system. The NHLBI has sponsored several workshops focusing on PVD research strategic planning over the past decade. PVD encompasses PH and PVD without PH, for example, pulmonary vasculitis and pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling without hemodynamic criteria for PH. Experts identified the need …
Perceived exercise benefits and barriers among power wheelchair soccer players.

Lack of exercise is a major risk factor for secondary conditions among persons dependent upon motorized wheelchairs. Power wheelchair soccer is a unique exercise opportunity for this population, and understanding factors that influence exercise decision-making is necessary for clinicians to help those in motorized chairs reduce their secondary risk. Therefore, this study examined differences in perceived benefits and barriers to exercise among power wheelchair soccer players using a mixed-methods analysis. The most common perceived benefit to exercise was "Exercising lets me have contact with friends and persons I enjoy. " Post hoc comparisons of quantitative data indicated that persons with muscular dystrophy perceived exercise to be significantly less important than did other disability groups (p < 0.05). "Exercise is hard work for me," "Exercise tires me," and "There are too few places for me to exercise" were the most common perceived barriers. These findings can assist with development of exercise opportunities for power wheelchair users.
Side-Channel Leakage Tolerant Architectures

Side-channel attacks compare side-channel leakage predictions or estimations with side-channel leakage measurements. The estimations are based on the exact value of a few select state bits. If it is impossible to calculate the value of the state bits, it is also impossible to estimate the side-channel leakage and a side-channel attack cannot be mounted. The leakage can be measured, but cannot be estimated. In this paper, we first give an analysis of the size of the search space related to the smallest subset of state bits. Then we propose some techniques to make side-channel leakage tolerant architectures. These are architectures of which it is more difficult to calculate the value of the state bits. The architectures still leak side-channel data. Yet, the information content is less easy to exploit
Exploiting the structure via sketched gradient algorithms

Sketched gradient algorithms [1] have been recently introduced for efficiently solving the large-scale constrained Least-squares regressions. In this paper we provide novel convergence analysis for the basic method Gradient Projection Classical Sketch (GPCS) to reveal the fast linear convergence rate of GPCS thanks to the intrinsic low-dimensional geometric structure of the solution prompted by constraint set. Similar to our analysis we observe computational and sketch size trade-offs in numerical experiments. Hence we justify that the combination of gradient methods and the sketching technique is a way of designing efficient algorithms which can actively exploit the low-dimensional structure to accelerate computation in large scale data regression and signal processing applications.