Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Backhaul Capacity of 5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks

With the growth of wireless transmission rate on user terminals, the backhaul network capacity becomes a bottleneck for improving the performance of future 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. Based on the wireless multi-hop relay technology, the backhaul network capacity of 5G ultra-dense cellular networks with multi-gateways is analyzed in this paper. Moreover, a minimum average hop number (MAN) algorithm is developed to improve the backhaul network capacity and energy efficiency of wireless backhaul networks for 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. Simulation results indicate there exist a stationary backhaul network capacity and a maximum energy efficiency of wireless backhaul networks when the density of small cell BSs is larger than the specified threshold.
Uselessness for an Oracle model with internal randomness

We consider a generalization of the standard oracle model in which the oracle acts on the target with a permutation selected according to internal random coins. We describe several problems that are impossible to solve classically but can be solved by a quantum algorithm using a single query; we show that such infinity-vs-one separations between classical and quantum query complexities can be constructed from much weaker separations. We also give conditions to determine when oracle problems--either in the standard model, or in any of the generalizations we consider--cannot be solved with success probability better than random guessing would achieve. In the oracle model with internal randomness where the goal is to gain any nonzero advantage over guessing, we prove (roughly speaking) that k quantum queries are equivalent in power to 2k classical queries, thus extending results of Meyer and Pommersheim.
SemanticWeb for BIBLIMOS

We present the BIBLIMOS project, which aims to address the Western Saharan culture and history, by considering both local ancient Arabic manuscripts and European colonial archives. We describe the project’s context and objectives before focusing on ancient Mauritanian manuscripts, the content of which covers many scientific fields. We assess the current state of such ancient manuscripts’ digital processing and we analyse what the semantic web can bring for their use by scholars, from North and South: the ability for applications to operate jointly on several distributed and heterogeneous sources of digitized manuscripts and other kinds of archives, to support collaborative reflection.
Riemann manifold Langevin and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods

Summary. The paper proposes Metropolis adjusted Langevin and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling methods defined on the Riemann manifold to resolve the shortcomings of existing Monte Carlo algorithms when sampling from target densities that may be high dimensional and exhibit strong correlations. The methods provide fully automated adaptation mechanisms that circumvent the costly pilot runs that are required to tune proposal densities for Metropolis–Hastings or indeed Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithms. This allows for highly efficient sampling even in very high dimensions where different scalings may be required for the transient and stationary phases of the Markov chain. The methodology proposed exploits the Riemann geometry of the parameter space of statistical models and thus automatically adapts to the local structure when simulating paths across this manifold, providing highly efficient convergence and exploration of the target density. The performance of these Riemann manifold Monte Carlo methods is rigorously assessed by performing inference on logistic regression models, log‐Gaussian Cox point processes, stochastic volatility models and Bayesian estimation of dynamic systems described by non‐linear differential equations. Substantial improvements in the time‐normalized effective sample size are reported when compared with alternative sampling approaches. MATLAB code that is available from http://www.ucl. ac.uk/statistics/research/rmhmc allows replication of all the results reported.
Prostaglandin E2 promotes intestinal repair through an adaptive cellular response of the epithelium

Adaptive cellular responses are often required during wound repair. Following disruption of the intestinal epithelium, wound‐associated epithelial (WAE) cells form the initial barrier over the wound. Our goal was to determine the critical factor that promotes WAE cell differentiation. Using an adaptation of our in vitro primary epithelial cell culture system, we found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through one of its receptors, Ptger4, was sufficient to drive a differentiation state morphologically and transcriptionally similar to in vivo WAE cells. WAE cell differentiation was a permanent state and dominant over enterocyte differentiation in plasticity experiments. WAE cell differentiation was triggered by nuclear β‐catenin signaling independent of canonical Wnt signaling. Creation of WAE cells via the PGE2‐Ptger4 pathway was required in vivo, as mice with loss of Ptger4 in the intestinal epithelium did not produce WAE cells and exhibited impaired wound repair. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which WAE cells are formed by PGE2 and suggest a process of adaptive cellular reprogramming of the intestinal epithelium that occurs to ensure proper repair to injury.
Aligning medical ontologies by axiomatic models, corpus linguistic syntactic rules and context information

We investigate formal semantics, as well as corpus linguistics and context based rules for ontology alignment in the medical domain. Semantic image retrieval should provide the basis for help in clinical decision support and computer aided diagnosis. Medical image and data retrieval for anatomy, diseases, or other patient-centric information require a comprehensive mapping of medical ontologies. We enhanced previous approaches of ontology matching for supporting collaboration by incorporating domain-specific context information of the application domain. The evaluation shows that axiomatic models in combination with syntactic rules and context information are very effective in terms of precision, recall, and F1 measure.
Age-Related Behavioral Phenotype of an Astrocytic Monoamine Oxidase-B Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

We have previously shown that increases in astrocytic monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) expression, mimicking that which occurs with aging and in neurodegenerative disease, in a doxycycline (dox)-inducible transgenic mouse model evokes neuropathological similarities to what is observed in the human parkinsonian brain. Additional behavioral and neuropathological studies could provide further validation for its usage as a model for Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, we utilized a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate age-related phenotype in this model. In the open field test, we found that dox-induction impaired motor ability with decreases in movement and ambulatory function as well as diminished stereotypical, repetitive movement episodes in both young and old mice. Older mice also showed decreased motor performance in the pole test when compared to younger mice. Furthermore, dox-induced older mice displayed severe hindlimb clasping and the most significant loss of dopamine (DA) in the striatum when compared to young and non-induced animals. Additionally, increased MAO-B activity significantly correlated with decreased expression of striatal DA. The results of our study further confirms that the dox-inducible astrocytic MAO-B transgenic mouse displays similar age-related behavioral and neuropathological features to other models of PD, and could serve as a useful tool to study PD pathophysiology and for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Quantifying Query Ambiguity with Topic Distributions

Query ambiguity is a useful metric for search engines to understand users' intents. Existing methods quantify query ambiguity by calculating an entropy of clicks. These methods assign each click to a one-hot vector corresponding to some mutually exclusive groups. However, they cannot incorporate non-obvious structures such as similarity among documents. In this paper, we propose a new approach for quantifying query ambiguity using topic distributions. We show that it is a natural extension of an existing entropy-based method. Further, we use our approach to achieve topic-based extensions of major existing entropy-based methods. Through an evaluation using e-commerce search logs combined with human judgments, our approach successfully extended existing entropy-based methods and improved the quality of query ambiguity measurements.
3 D COMPLEX CURVED SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION OF DISCRETE POINT CLOUD BASED ON SURFELS

A Surfels 3D reconstruction method based on improve d KD-Tree is put forward, firstly collecting the discrete point cloud data through RGB-D camera, rep lacing the circular or oval surfel model with hexagonal model for modeling and determining the su rfel radius in light of neighborhood distribution o f sample points; Moreover, doing inside and outside r elations test between one point model and another discrete point model, building KD-Tree for each mod el, setting the axis with the longest projection le gth as the separating axis, improving segmentation rule s, accelerating the detection of inside and outsid e and intersecting relations. Experiments show this algor ithm has great reconstruction effects on the 3D reconstruction both of heterogeneous sample points a d discrete point cloud with different resolution with steady and efficient calculation.
Growing student identities and school competences in sojourning: Japanese children's lived experiences across Japan and the United States

This study was conducted to understand student identities of five Japanese children (the second through sixth grade) and the processes of identity negotiation within their sojourning experiences between Japan and the United States. An increasing number of Japanese elementary students internationally sojourn in today’s globalized societies, and consequently shape their identities in multiple school contexts. Previous research has suggested the reciprocal relations between linguistic minority learners’ identities and their diverse school experiences, and reported a wide variation of bilinguals’ selfperceptions. However, few studies have focused on elementary sojourners to holistically theorize the internal and external processes of their identity negotiation. In this interpretive multiple case study, children’s own perspectives were inductively gathered by following the constructivist grounded theory guidelines. Data collection methods included child in-depth interviews enhanced with drawing activities, classroom observations, and teacher and parent interviews. The cross-case analysis was facilitated by interpretive focus group interview with Japanese former sojourners. The results indicated that the children across varied stages of sojourning integrated their consistent self-relevant attributes (ordinary student status and familiar
Tumor Growth Rate Is an Early Indicator of Antitumor Drug Activity in Phase I Clinical Trials

Purpose: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) evaluation does not take into account the pretreatment tumor kinetics and may provide incomplete information about experimental drug activity. Tumor growth rate (TGR) allows for a dynamic and quantitative assessment of the tumor kinetics. How TGR varies along the introduction of experimental therapeutics and is associated with outcome in phase I patients remains unknown. Experimental Design: Medical records from all patients (N = 253) prospectively treated in 20 phase I trials were analyzed. TGR was computed during the pretreatment period (reference) and the experimental period. Associations between TGR, standard prognostic scores [Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score], and outcome [progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)] were computed (multivariate analysis). Results: We observed a reduction of TGR between the reference versus experimental periods (38% vs. 4.4%; P < 0.00001). Although most patients were classified as stable disease (65%) or progressive disease (25%) by RECIST at the first evaluation, 82% and 65% of them exhibited a decrease in TGR, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, only the decrease of TGR was associated with PFS (P = 0.004), whereas the RMH score was the only variable associated with OS (P = 0.0008). Only the investigated regimens delivered were associated with a decrease of TGR (P < 0.00001, multivariate analysis). Computing TGR profiles across different clinical trials reveals specific patterns of antitumor activity. Conclusions: Exploring TGR in phase I patients is simple and provides clinically relevant information: (i) an early and subtle assessment of signs of antitumor activity; (ii) independent association with PFS; and (iii) it reveals drug-specific profiles, suggesting potential utility for guiding the further development of the investigational drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 246–52. ©2013 AACR.
CHRONOTYPES AND SUBJECTIVE SLEEP PARAMETERS IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS: A LARGE QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Accumulating evidence suggests epilepsy and seizures may influence circadian rhythms and that circadian rhythms may influence epilepsy. It is also conceivable that seizure timing influences the timing of daily activities, sleeping, and wakefulness (i.e., chronotype). Only one group has studied the distribution of chronotypes of epileptics, showing significant differences between the diurnal activity patterns in two groups of patients with different epilepsy syndromes. The authors performed a questionnaire-based study of 200 epilepsy patients to compare the distribution of chronotypes and subjective sleep parameters of sleep duration and time of mid-sleep on free days to the distribution in the general population (n = 4042). Within this large group of epilepsy patients, we also compared the chronotypes of subsamples with well-defined epilepsy syndromes, i.e., temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE; n = 46], frontal lobe epilepsy [FLE; n = 30], and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy [JME; n = 38]. In addition, 27 patients who had had surgery for TLE were compared with those with TLE who had not had surgery. Both the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire were used to determine chronotypes and subjective sleep parameters. Significant differences in morningness/eveningness distribution, timing of mid-sleep (corrected for sleep duration), and total sleep time on free days were found between epileptics and healthy controls. Those with epilepsy were more morning oriented, had earlier mid-sleep on free days, and longer sleep duration on free days (p < .001). However, distributions of chronotypes and sleep parameters between the groups of people with TLE, FLE, and JME did not differ. Persons who had surgery for TLE had similar morningness-eveningness parameters and similar sleep durations compared to those without surgery, but mid-sleep on free days was earlier in operated patients (p = .039). In conclusion, this is the first large study focusing on chronotypes in people with epilepsy. We show that the distribution of chronotypes and subjective sleep parameters of epileptics, in general, is different from that of healthy controls. Nevertheless, no differences are observed between patients with specified epilepsy syndromes, although they exhibit seizures with different diurnal patterns. Our results suggest that epilepsy, itself, rather than seizure timing, has a significant influence on chronotype behavior and subjective sleep parameters. (Author correspondence: w.hofstra@mst.nl)
Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex Fails to Explain the Initial Postural Response to Sudden Lateral Perturbations

Postural reflexes are essential for locomotion and postural stability, and may play an important role in the etiology of chronic back pain. It has recently been theoretically predicted, and with the help of unilateral perturbations of the trunk experimentally confirmed that the sensorimotor control must lower the reflex amplitude for increasing reflex delays to maintain spinal stability. The underlying neuromuscular mechanism for the compensation of postural perturbations, however, is not yet fully understood. In this study, we applied unilateral and bilateral sudden external perturbations to the trunk of healthy subjects and measured the muscular activity and the movement onset of the trunk. We found that the onset of the trunk muscle activity is prior to, or coincident with, the onset of the trunk movement. Additionally, the results of our experiments imply that the muscular response mechanism integrates distant sensory information from both sides of the body. These findings rule out a simple monosynaptic stretch reflex in favor of a more complex polysynaptic postural reflex mechanism to compensate postural perturbations. Moreover, the previously predicted negative correlation between reflex delay and reflex gain was also confirmed for bilateral perturbations.
Structural basis for the substrate recognition and catalysis of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase

Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) cleaves the ester bond between the peptide and the tRNA of peptidyl-tRNA molecules, which are produced by aborted translation, to recycle tRNA for further rounds of protein synthesis. Pth is ubiquitous in nature, and its enzymatic activity is essential for bacterial viability. We have determined the crystal structure of Escherichia coli Pth in complex with the tRNA CCA-acceptor-TΨC domain, the enzyme-binding region of the tRNA moiety of the substrate, at 2.4 Å resolution. In combination with site-directed mutagenesis studies, the structure identified the amino acid residues involved in tRNA recognition. The structure also revealed that Pth interacts with the tRNA moiety through the backbone phosphates and riboses, and no base-specific interactions were observed, except for the interaction with the highly conserved base G53. This feature enables Pth to accept the diverse sequences of the elongator-tRNAs as substrate components. Furthermore, we propose an authentic Pth:peptidyl-tRNA complex model and a detailed mechanism for the hydrolysis reaction, based on the present crystal structure and the previous studies’ results.
A modified high capacity image steganography technique based on wavelet transform

Steganography is the art and science of concealing information in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper's suspicion. It is an application under information security field. Being classified under information security, steganography will be characterized by having set of measures that rely on strengths and counter measures (attacks) that are driven by weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Today, computer and network technologies provide easy,to,use communication channels for steganography. The aim of this paper is to propose a modified high,capacity image steganography technique that depends on wavelet transform with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image and high level of overall security.
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Bone: A Series of 10 Cases

The clinical and pathologic features of 10 epithelioid angiosarcomas of bone were analyzed. There were eight males and two females who ranged in age from 26 to 83 years (mean 62 years). Four tumors were solitary and six were multifocal. In two consultation cases, the submitted diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged in solid and infiltrative sheets, and in most cases vascular channels or cystically dilated spaces were present. The neoplastic cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with open chromatin and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Intratumoral hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltrates, and intracytoplasmic lumina were frequently present. All 10 tumors stained positive for one or more endothelial markers, with CD31 being the most sensitive marker. Seven cases stained positive for cytokeratin. Ultrastructural examination in three tumors confirmed their endothelial differentiation. In the absence of obvious vascular differentiation, abundant intratumoral hemorrhage and intratumoral neutrophils are useful ancillary morphologic features that may suggest a vascular origin. Six patients are dead of disease, one is alive with metastasis, and two patients are currently disease free. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of bone should be included in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid neoplasms of bone, and endothelial markers should be a part of their immunohistochemical analysis to avoid the misdiagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma because of the significant differences in the treatment and clinical outcomes of these entities.
Terrain Correction for Increasing the Evapotranspiration Estimation Accuracy in a Mountainous Watershed

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a major role in the energy and water balances of the hydrological cycle. Monitoring ET at a regional level has become feasible with the advance of remote-sensing technology. This letter presents a module that incorporates satellite images, surface meteorological data, and topographic information in estimating ET over a tropical montane watershed. The satellite images used include Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer with visible, near infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared bands. The estimated surface energy fluxes are compared with the in situ measurements. The results demonstrate that, compared to other model estimations, the proposed module with terrain correction provides the highest correlation (r = 0.75) between the estimated latent heat flux associated with ET and its corresponding in situ measurement. The proposed module will be further refined and applied to monitor long-term ET over mountainous watersheds.
MASK: Robust Local Features for Audio Fingerprinting

This paper presents a novel local audio fingerprint called MASK (Masked Audio Spectral Keypoints) that can effectively encode the acoustic information existent in audio documents and discriminate between transformed versions of the same acoustic documents and other unrelated documents. The fingerprint has been designed to be resilient to strong transformations of the original signal and to be usable for generic audio, including music and speech. Its main characteristics are its locality, binary encoding, robustness and compactness. The proposed audio fingerprint encodes the local spectral energies around salient points selected among the main spectral peaks in a given signal. Such encoding is done by centering on each point a carefully designed mask defining regions of the spectrogram whose average energies are compared with each other. From each comparison we obtain a single bit depending on which region has more energy, and group all bits into a final binary fingerprint. In addition, the fingerprint also stores the frequency of each peak, quantized using a Mel filterbank. The length of the fingerprint is solely defined by the number of compared regions being used, and can be adapted to the requirements of any particular application. In addition, the number of salient points encoded per second can be also easily modified. In the experimental section we show the suitability of such fingerprint to find matching segments by using the NIST-TRECVID benchmarking evaluation datasets by comparing it with a well known fingerprint, obtaining up to 26% relative improvement in NDCR score.