Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet performance modeling using mixture dynamical system models

This paper models Internet traffic input stream and TCP connection durations using dynamical system models. A linear dynamical model with mixture Gaussian output is proposed for the Internet traffic input stream, and a linear dynamical system with mixture lognormal output is developed to model the TCP connection durations. In the proposed models, a sum of independent AR (Anderson and Nielsen, 1998) processes is used to approximate the autocorrelation of the real data, and a Gaussian mixture or lognormal mixture is used to fit the marginal distribution. As a result, the output processes can capture the correlation and the marginal distribution simultaneously. Making use of the fact that at each iteration the parameter increment of the EM algorithm has a positive projection on the gradient of the likelihood, a stochastic approximation-based recursive EM algorithm is proposed to fit the traffic marginal distribution, A cross-validation criterion is used for the model selection. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed models, several experimental results are provided.
Explicit List-Decodable Rank-Metric and Subspace Codes via Subspace Designs

We construct an explicit family of Fh-linear rankmetric codes over any field Fh that enables efficient list-decoding up to a fraction p of errors in the rank metric with a rate of 1 - ρ - e, for any desired ρ ∈ (0, 1) and e > 0. This is the first explicit construction of positive rate rank-metric codes for efficient list-decoding beyond the unique decoding radius. Our codes are explicit subcodes of the well-known Gabidulin codes, which encode linearized polynomials of low degree via their values at a collection of linearly independent points. The subcode is picked by restricting the message polynomials to an Fh-subspace that evades the structured subspaces over an extension field Fht that arise in our linear-algebraic list decoder for Gabidulin codes. This subspace is obtained by combining subspace designs constructed by Guruswami and Kopparty (FOCS'13) with subspace-evasive varieties due to Dvir and Lovett (STOC'12). We establish a similar result for subspace codes, which have received much attention recently in the context of network coding. We also give explicit subcodes of folded Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with small folding order, which are list-decodable (in the Hamming metric) with optimal redundancy, motivated by the fact that listdecoding RS codes reduces to list-decoding such folded RS codes. However, as we only list-decode a subcode of these codes, the Johnson radius continues to be the best known error fraction for list-decoding RS codes.
The free rider problem in vaccination policy and implications for global eradication of infectious diseases: a two-country game dynamic model

Increasingly, an important obstacle to local elimination of vaccine preventable infectious disease is vaccine exemption by individuals under a voluntary vaccination policy, caused by free-riding on herd immunity or by inflated perceptions of vaccine risk. At a global level, this can also prevent global eradication of an infection, since any one country with endemic infection can act as a reservoir, seeding the rest of the world with infections. This also presents challenges to nongovernmental third parties that fund and support global eradication efforts through vaccination campaigns, who must choose how to optimally deploy their funds to achieve global eradication in the face of vaccine exemption. Behaviour-prevalence models capture the interplay between infection prevalence and disease transmission and have been applied to study free-riding behaviour in vaccination policy before. However, these obstacles to global eradication require a multi-country behaviourprevalence model that incorporates travel between countries and also incentives by governments and nongovernmental donors. Here, we develop a two-country model based on imitation dynamics for a pediatric infectious disease. We analyze the model numerically, showing a range of possible dynamic behaviours such as sustained oscillations in infection prevalence and the abundance of vaccinator strategists, and also parameter regimes where a certain budget allocation by the third party enables elimination in both countries. Similar models may be useful in the future as planning tools for international organizations working on the global eradication of certain infectious diseases, such as measles and polio.
Research on IROS time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks

A number of other important tasks can not be effectively carried out without proper time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. So time synchronization is an important part of wireless sensor network, and it has high research value. In this paper, an improved IROS synchronization algorithm is proposed based on the study of ROS synchronization protocol. By studying the correlation between the random components of different time points in the ROS algorithm, and the use of generalized least squares method to estimate model parameters. Thus, improve the accuracy of the time, and enhances the robustness of the algorithm, to achieve the purpose of optimization. The simulation results show that the IROS algorithm is less than ROS algorithm, and the average error ratio is 10 µs, and IROS broader scope, more robust.
Optimality Principles in the Regulation of Metabolic Networks

One of the challenging tasks in systems biology is to understand how molecular networks give rise to emergent functionality and whether universal design principles apply to molecular networks. To achieve this, the biophysical, evolutionary and physiological constraints that act on those networks need to be identified in addition to the characterisation of the molecular components and interactions. Then, the cellular “task” of the network—its function—should be identified. A network contributes to organismal fitness through its function. The premise is that the same functions are often implemented in different organisms by the same type of network; hence, the concept of design principles. In biology, due to the strong forces of selective pressure and natural selection, network functions can often be understood as the outcome of fitness optimisation. The hypothesis of fitness optimisation to understand the design of a network has proven to be a powerful strategy. Here, we outline the use of several optimisation principles applied to biological networks, with an emphasis on metabolic regulatory networks. We discuss the different objective functions and constraints that are considered and the kind of understanding that they provide.
Education about dementia in primary care: Is person-centredness the key?

Primary care is ideally placed to recognise and manage dementia and yet dementia can be overlooked or misattributed by primary care practitioners and is underdiagnosed. This might be explained by a lack of formal training in the diagnosis of dementia combined with a reluctance to diagnose due to its associated stigma. This paper describes focus group work with service users, carers and health professionals, conducted to develop an educational intervention for primary care promoting person-centred responses to people experiencing cognitive decline and dementia. Data was analysed thematically and four themes emerged: Reframing dementia as cognitive decline (Individual level); triggers for the recognition of dementia (Practitioner level); engaging the whole primary care team (Practice level); the relationship between primary and secondary care (Service level). Findings are discussed in the context of their contribution to challenging attitudes to dementia in primary care and the positive aspects of person-centred primary care for dementia.
Genetic Variability in Adenosine Deaminase‐Like Contributes to Variation in Alcohol Preference in Mice

BACKGROUND A substantial part of the risk for alcohol use disorder is determined by genetic factors. We previously used chromosome substitution (CSS) mice, to identify a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2. The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes within this QTL that confer the risk for alcohol preference. METHODS In order to delineate the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol consumption, we expanded on the QTL approach to identify candidate genes for high alcohol preference in mice. We narrowed down a QTL for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2, that we previously identified using CSS mice, to 4 candidate genes in silico. Expression levels of these candidate genes in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens-brain regions implicated in reward and addiction-were subsequently compared for the CSS-2 and the C57BL/6J host strain. RESULTS We observed increased expression of adenosine deaminase-like (Adal) in all 3 regions in CSS-2 mice. Moreover, we found that the adenosine deaminase inhibitor EHNA reduced the difference in alcohol preference between CSS-2 and C57BL/6J mice. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies Adal as a genetically protective factor against alcohol consumption in mice, in which elevated Adal levels contribute to low alcohol preference.
Local orientation analysis of spatial texture from polarimetric SAR data

In this paper we present two methods to estimate the local orientation of spatial texture in polarimetric SAR data. The first approach is based on an original spatial parametric modelling of the 2D autocorrelation function, and was introduced in a previous paper. The second method is based on orientation interpolation between a reduced set of basis functions called steerable filters. Both are applied to measured polarimetric SAR data
Acquisition and Diversification of Cladodes: Leaf-Like Organs in the Genus Asparagus[W]

This work provides evolutionary insight into the acquisition and divergence of leaf-like organs called cladodes in the genus Asparagus. The data suggest that co-option of genes involved in leaf development in axillary shoots led to the acquisition of a flattened, leaf-like form. Alterations in gene expression appear to have led to the evolution of cylindrical cladodes in one clade of Asparagus. The genus Asparagus is unusual in producing axillary, determinate organs called cladodes, which may take on either a flattened or cylindrical form. Here, we investigated the evolution of cladodes to elucidate the mechanisms at play in the diversification of shoot morphology. Our observations of Asparagus asparagoides, which has leaf-like cladodes, showed that its cladodes are anatomically and developmentally similar to leaves but differ in the adaxial/abaxial polarity of the vasculature. In addition to the expression of an ortholog of KNAT1, orthologous genes that are normally expressed in leaves, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and HD-ZIPIII, were found to be expressed in cladode primordia in a leaf-like manner. The cylindrical cladodes of Asparagus officinalis showed largely similar expression patterns but showed evidence of being genetically abaxialized. These results provide evidence that cladodes are modified axillary shoots, suggest that the co-option of preexisting gene networks involved in leaf development transferred the leaf-like form to axillary shoots, and imply that altered expression of leaf polarity genes led to the evolution of cylindrical cladodes in the A. officinalis clade.
Large-Scale Correlations in the Lyα Forest at z = 3-4

We present a study of the spatial coherence of the intergalactic medium toward two pairs of high-redshift quasars with moderate angular separations observed with Keck ESI, Q1422+2309A/Q1424+2255 (zem ≈ 3.63, Δθ = 39′′) and Q1439-0034A/B (zem ≈ 4.25, Δθ = 33′′). The cross-correlation of transmitted flux in the Lyα forest shows a 5-7 σ peak at zero velocity lag for both pairs. This strongly suggests that at least some of the absorbing structures span the 230-300 h proper kpc transverse separation between sight lines. We also statistically examine the similarity between paired spectra as a function of transmitted flux, a measure that may be useful for comparison with numerical simulations. In investigating the dependence of the correlation functions on spectral characteristics, we find that photon noise has little effect for a signal-to-noise ratio of ≳ 10 per resolution element. However, the agreement between the autocorrelation along the line sight and the cross-correlation between sight lines, a potential test of cosmological geometry, depends significantly on instrumental resolution. Finally, we present an inventory of metal lines. These include a pair of strong C IV systems at z ≈ 3.4, appearing only toward Q1439B, and an Mg II + Fe II system present toward Q1439A/B at z ≈ 1.68.
The PLA model: on the combination of product-line analyses

Product-line analysis has received considerable attention in the last decade. As it is often infeasible to analyze each product of a product line individually, researchers have developed analyses, called variability-aware analyses, that consider and exploit variability manifested in a code base. Variability-aware analyses are often significantly more efficient than traditional analyses, but each of them has certain weaknesses regarding applicability or scalability. We present the Product-Line-Analysis model, a formal model for the classification and comparison of existing analyses, including traditional and variability-aware analyses, and lay a foundation for formulating and exploring further, combined analyses. As a proof of concept, we discuss different examples of analyses in the light of our model, and demonstrate its benefits for systematic comparison and exploration of product-line analyses.
Understanding Object-Oriented Programs with Declarative Event Analysis

Understanding how components in an application interact to ensure a certain functionality is an essential aspect of understanding a software application. To obtain this kind of information an analysis of the dynamic behavior of an application is more appropriate than a static analysis of the code. Understanding dynamic behavior through event analysis is a challenge because of the large amount of data gathered through program executions. In this paper, we show how we define declarative queries that allow us to filter the event data collected and to define new abstractions which aid in program understanding. 1 Program Understanding through Queries and Views Program understanding is an important aspect of software engineering. It is essential in the maintainance and reengineering of a system, and especially critical for extending and using frameworks. While documentation should address the program understanding problem, it is often not up-to-date, or missing altogether, and in general does not cover all aspects of an application and as such may not at all address the particular aspect an engineer is interested in. The best remedy for this lack of appropriate documentation is to allow an engineer to extract documentation from the application for the particular aspect of interest. We believe that a good tool for program understanding should allow an engineer to formulate hypotheses about the structure of the software, and to confirm or reject hypotheses based on evidence from the source code. One such tool is described by Murphy in [MN97]. It allows an engineer to define a high-level model of the software system and a mapping of the source-code onto this model. A ’reflexion model’ is then computed which shows how close the high-level model comes to describing the source code. This allows the engineer to iteratively refine the high-level model, so that it better reflects the implementation. This is a promising approach: an engineer can choose what to query depending on his strategy for understanding the code and on the aspect he is particularly interested in. Each query about an hypothesis gives a view of the software system, and different views can also be combined to get a better understanding of the software [YHC97]. Institut für Informatik (IAM), Universität Bern, Neubr ̈ uckstrasse 10, 3012 Berne, Switzerland (richner,ducasse)@iam.unibe.ch, http://www.iam.unibe.ch/ (richner,ducasse)/ yPleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium rwuyts@vuab.ac.be, http://progwww.vub. ac.be/ rwuyts/
Hierarchical spatial matching for medical image retrieval

Content-based medical image retrieval is likely becoming an important tool to provide valuable information to assist physician to make critical diagnosis decisions. While most existing works perform the retrieval based on low-level visual features, the pathological spatial context, which is critical for analysis of the disease characteristics, has been less studied. We thus aim to effectively extract and represent the spatial context of pathological tissues, and design a novel hierarchical spatial matching (HSM) method based on the spatial pyramid matching. Our method is able to (1) handle the translation variations of the main pathological object; (2) describe the spatial information surrounding the pathological object in an adaptive scale; and (3) compute image similarities with an optimally weighted distance function. The proposed method shows better retrieval performance comparing to the other widely used techniques.
Listening for Silence in Text‐Based, Online Encounters

This article addresses the ways in which learners’ silence plays out within asynchronous and synchronous text‐based, online communication. Our study takes an ethnographic perspective in examining how learners and instructors in two online courses use and interpret silence. The ways in which those learners and instructors eventually integrated silence into their online communication were interpreted as non‐participation, confusion, marginalization, and thoughtful reflection. These findings have implications that are relevant to instructors’ efforts to create constructive online learning environments and view silence as an important aspect of social presence. We thus propose the need for the development of a deeper analysis—both empirical and theoretical—on the notions of online silence, social presence, and communication.
Selecting a methodology for business information systems development: Decision model and tool support

The paper presents a decision model and a tool that helps to find an information systems development methodology (ISDM) for a computer-based business information system (IS) that is suitable to a certain IS development project or an organization dealing with IS development. The intention of the model is not only to suggest a certain ISDM, but also to propose the properties an ISDM should have to suite the project or the organization. It is designed in a way that facilitates experimentation with different project, organization and ISDM properties. Based on the model we created a tool that has been applied on several cases in which we validated the correctness of its recommendations and established that it can have a significant positive contribution in the process of ISDM selection and in the process of improvement of existing ISDM.
Surgery Experienced as Sexual Abuse: A Case of Pre-Pubescent Sexual Offending and Hypospadias

A substantial minority of sexual offences against children are carried out by children. This article examines a case of pre-pubescent sexual offending associated with repeated reconstructive surgery to the penis, in the treatment of the congenital deformity hypospadias. Although the surgery involved was appropriate, the patient appeared to experience it as a form of recurrent sexual abuse. Subsequently the patient escalated from exhibitionism to contact sexual offences which cognitive-behavioural treatment failed to modify. We discuss the case with reference to concepts of trauma-organized systems, with a particular focus on the timing and context of surgery. We suggest that this case demonstrates that repeated genital surgery in a child may be experienced as childhood sexual abuse even with sensitive management. It emphasizes the roles of aggression and social validation in sexual offending, and it supports the proposed inclusion of ‘Sexual Arousal Disorder of Childhood’ in DSM-IV and ICD-10.
Interoperability in Digital Electrocardiography: Harmonization of ISO/IEEE x73-PHD and SCP-ECG

The ISO/IEEE 11073 (x73) family of standards is a reference frame for medical device interoperability. A draft for an ECG device specialization (ISO/IEEE 11073-10406-d02) has already been presented to the Personal Health Device (PHD) Working Group, and the Standard Communications Protocol for Computer-Assisted ElectroCardioGraphy (SCP-ECG) Standard for short-term diagnostic ECGs (EN1064:2005+A1:2007) has recently been approved as part of the x73 family (ISO 11073-91064:2009). These factors suggest the coordinated use of these two standards in foreseeable telecardiology environments, and hence the need to harmonize them. Such harmonization is the subject of this paper. Thus, a mapping of the mandatory attributes defined in the second draft of the ISO/IEEE 11073-10406-d02 and the minimum SCP-ECG fields is presented, and various other capabilities of the SCP-ECG Standard (such as the messaging part) are also analyzed from an x73-PHD point of view. As a result, this paper addresses and analyzes the implications of some inconsistencies in the coordinated use of these two standards. Finally, a proof-of-concept implementation of the draft x73-PHD ECG device specialization is presented, along with the conversion from x73-PHD to SCP-ECG. This paper, therefore, provides recommendations for future implementations of telecardiology systems that are compliant with both x73-PHD and SCP-ECG.
Genome Sequence of Complex HIV-1 Unique Recombinant Forms Sharing a Common Recombination Breakpoint Identified in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Three strains of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms (URFs) descended from subtypes B, B′, and CRF01_AE were identified among people who inject drugs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These three URFs shared a common recombination breakpoint in the reverse transcriptase region, indicating frequent linkage within the drug-injecting networks in Malaysia.
Tail - A Java Technical Analysis Library

Technical analysis explores forecasting of future price trends with the objective of identifying the best moment to buy and sell shares. Tail consists of a Java open-source library that abstracts the basic components of technical analysis, supplying tools for creation, manipulation and evaluation of techniques to buy and sell shares. We developed Tail's structure in a extensible and adaptable way, allowing its use as an environment for simulation and study of new techniques of chart analysis. This paper presents the Tail library, its architecture and results obtained with its use. We validate the library through an experimental section with several post-mortem experiments.
The Adam Walsh Act

With the enactment of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (AWA), states are required to standardize their registration and community notification practices by categorizing sex offenders into three-tier levels in the interest of increasing public safety. No empirical research, however, has investigated whether implementation of the AWA is likely to increase public safety. Using a sample of registered sex offenders in New York State, the current study examined the effectiveness of the Adam Walsh-tier system to classify offenders by likelihood of recidivism. Results indicated that the AWA falls short of increasing public safety. In fact, registered sex offenders classified by AWA as Tier 1 (lowest risk) were rearrested for both nonsexual and sexual offenses more than sex offenders in Tier 2 (moderate risk) or Tier 3 (highest risk).