Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jump: a system for interactive, tangible queries of paper

This paper introduces Jump, a prototype computer vision-based system that transforms paper-based architectural documents into tangible query interfaces. Specifically, Jump allows a user to obtain additional information related to a given architectural document by framing a portion of the drawing with physical brackets. The framed area appears in a magnified view on a separate display and applies the principle of semantic zooming to determine the appropriate level of detail to show. Filter tokens can be placed on the paper to modify the digital presentation to include information not on the original drawing itself, such as electrical, mechanical, and structural information related to the given space. These filter tokens serve as tangible sliders in that their relative location on the paper controls the degree to which their information is blended with the original document. To address the issue of recognition errors, Jump introduces the notion of a reflection window, or an inset window that serves to reproduce Jump's current interpretation of the visual scene. The system's overall design is informed by a set of in situ studies of architectural technologists and formative evaluations with the same group.
Cognitive Activity in Insomnia

The study investigated the causal relationship between worry and insomnia. A 2 x 2 design (Worry x Induced sleeplessness) with repeated measures was employed. In all 96 female undergraduate students who scored high or low on a measure of worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) completed the study. The induced sleeplessness variable consisted of two levels defined by a double-blind distribution of 300 mg caffeine and placebo. The repeated measures were nocturnal cognitive activity, as measured by the Night-Time Thoughts Questionnaire, and sleep parameters derived from a sleep diary and an actigraph. The data were obtained from two consecutive nights. Worry was found to be associated with nocturnal cognitive activity on both nights and with subjective sleep parameters on the first night. The findings indicate that nocturnal cognitive activity occurs as an epiphenomenon of wakefulness. The results are discussed in terms of their relationship to various categories of cognitive activity and models of insomnia. A core implication of the findings is that cognitive activity caused by induced sleeplessness may be conceived of as rumination. There is a need for the development of an instrument that can distinguish between types of nighttime rumination, under which worry is one subgroup. Cognitive Activity 5
Acute ethanol effects on brain activation in low- and high-level responders to alcohol.

BACKGROUND A low level of response (LR) to alcohol is an important endophenotype associated with an increased risk of alcoholism. However, little is known about how neural functioning may differ between individuals with low and high LRs to alcohol. This study examined whether LR group effects on neural activity varied as a function of acute alcohol consumption. METHODS A total of 30 matched high- and low-LR pairs (N = 60 healthy young adults) were recruited from the University of California, San Diego, and administered a structured diagnostic interview and laboratory alcohol challenge followed by two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions under placebo and alcohol conditions, in randomized order. Task performance and blood oxygen level-dependent response contrast to high relative to low working memory load in an event-related visual working memory (VWM) task were examined across 120 fMRI sessions. RESULTS Both LR groups performed similarly on the VWM task across conditions. A significant LR group by condition interaction effect was observed in inferior frontal and cingulate regions, such that alcohol attenuated the LR group differences found under placebo (p < 0.05). The LR group by condition effect remained even after controlling for cerebral blood flow, age, and typical drinking quantity. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol had differential effects on brain activation for low- and high-LR individuals within frontal and cingulate regions. These findings represent an additional step in the search for physiological correlates of a low LR and identify brain regions that may be associated with the low LR response.
3D BUILDING MODEL RECONSTRUCTION FROM POINT CLOUDS AND GROUND PLANS

Airborne laser altimetry has become a very popular technique for the acquisition of digital elevation models. The high point density that can be achieved with this technique enables applications of laser data for many other purposes. This paper deals with the construction of 3D models of the urban environment. A three-dimensional version o f the well-known Hough transform is used for the e xtraction o f planar faces from the irregularly distributed point clouds. To support the 3D reconstruction usage is made of available ground plans of the buildings. Two different strategies are explored to reconstruct building models from the detected planar faces and segmented ground plans. Whereas the first strategy tries to detect intersection lines and height jump edges, the second one assumes that all detected planar faces should model some part of the building. Experiments show that the second strategy is able to reconstruct more buildings and more details of this buildings, but that it sometimes leads to additional parts of the model that do not exist. When restricted to buildings with rectangular segments of the ground plan, the second strategy was able to reconstruct 83 buildings out of a dataset with 94 buildings.
An Integrated Development Framework for Tabletop Computer Games

We have implemented an integrated development framework for tabletop computer games focusing on the aspects of terrain composition and input management. To support multiple game genres and varying board setups we propose a generic terrain structure based on a directed graph where each game node is represented by a graph node in the underlying structure. To capture and express the repeating path-patterns commonly found in tabletop games we also utilize reusable building blocks called structured tiles. Structured tiles combine information about graphical representation, geometry as well as path structure, essentially constituting sub-graphs of a respective tile image. In this sense, the terrain is composed by assembling sub-graphs and the resulting complete graph can be used to perform semantic terrain analysis like node connectivity and reachability checks. Finally structured tiles can be used to standardize common game mechanics like plausible path computation, path selection by players, and in-path movement and incorporate them into the game engine. To support the various and dynamically changing input configurations required by the pervasive nature of tabletop computer games we also propose a multimodal input system that allows game actions to be performed via numerous virtual input devices abstracting over physical input devices, while supporting their dynamic plugging or unplugging during gameplay. The input system keeps track of the physical input devices associated for each player and it can dynamically identify missing game commands caused by the unplugging of a device. To prevent stalling interaction in such cases, we introduce animated interactive panels encompassing the required game commands. These panels, called soft dialogues, require only pointing input and allow maintaining interaction regardless of the type of game input required during runtime (e.g. keypad, or switch-based input). Soft dialogues also help achieve input accessibility by combining them with scanning interaction techniques. Overall, our framework constitutes a complete solution for the development of tabletop computer games facilitating the authoring and management of complex and large terrains while providing a reusable and extensible input infrastructure that significantly reduces the need to implement common input elements across different games.
Support Vector Machines for Text Categorization in Chinese Question Classification

Question classification plays a crucial important role in the question answering system because categorizing a given question is beneficial to identify an answer in the documents. The goal of question classification is to accurately assign labels to question based on expected answer type. Recently, many machine learning algorithms are used for question classification. However many research results show that SVM perform best in this task, because it is well known to work well for nonlinear, sparse, high dimensional problems. In this experiment, we perform the One-against-One SVM algorithm and a feature extraction method of Chinese questions to get high classification accuracy
Diffuseness estimation with high temporal resolution via spatial coherence between virtual first-order microphones

The diffuseness of sound can be estimated with practical microphone setups by considering the spatial coherence between two microphone signals. In applications where small arrays of omnidirectional microphones are preferred, the diffuseness estimation is impaired by a high signal coherence in diffuse fields at lower frequencies, which is particularly problematic when carrying out the estimation with high temporal resolution. Therefore, we propose to exploit the spatial coherence between two virtual first-order microphones derived from the omnidirectional array. This represents a flexible method to accurately estimate the diffuseness in high-SNR regions at lower frequencies with high temporal resolution.
Where Taxonomy Based on Subtle Morphological Differences Is Perfectly Mirrored by Huge Genetic Distances: DNA Barcoding in Protura (Hexapoda)

Background Protura is a group of tiny, primarily wingless hexapods living in soil habitats. Presently about 800 valid species are known. Diagnostic characters are very inconspicuous and difficult to recognize. Therefore taxonomic work constitutes an extraordinary challenge which requires special skills and experience. Aim of the present pilot project was to examine if DNA barcoding can be a useful additional approach for delimiting and determining proturan species. Methodology and Principal Findings The study was performed on 103 proturan specimens, collected primarily in Austria, with additional samples from China and Japan. The animals were examined with two markers, the DNA barcoding region of the mitochondrial COI gene and a fragment of the nuclear 28S rDNA (Divergent Domain 2 and 3). Due to the minuteness of Protura a modified non-destructive DNA-extraction method was used which enables subsequent species determination. Both markers separated the examined proturans into highly congruent well supported clusters. Species determination was performed without knowledge of the results of the molecular analyses. The investigated specimens comprise a total of 16 species belonging to 8 genera. Remarkably, morphological determination in all species exactly mirrors molecular clusters. The investigation revealed unusually huge genetic COI distances among the investigated proturans, both maximal intraspecific distances (0–21.3%), as well as maximal congeneric interspecifical distances (up to 44.7%). Conclusions The study clearly demonstrates that the tricky morphological taxonomy in Protura has a solid biological background and that accurate species delimitation is possible using both markers, COI and 28S rDNA. The fact that both molecular and morphological analyses can be performed on the same individual will be of great importance for the description of new species and offers a valuable new tool for biological and ecological studies, in which proturans have generally remained undetermined at species level.
Trust Strategies for the Semantic Web

Enabling trust on the Semantic Web to ensure more efficient agent interaction is an important research topic. Current research on trust seems to focus on developing computational models, semantic representations, inference techniques, etc. However, little attention has been given to the plausible trust strategies or tactics that an agent can follow when interacting with other agents on the Semantic Web. In this paper we identify five most common strategies of trust and discuss their envisaged costs and benefits. The aim is to provide some guidelines to help system developers appreciate the risks and gains involved with each trust strategy.
Equilibrium Selection with Risk Dominance in a Multiple-unit Unit Price Auction

This paper uses an adapted version of the linear tracing procedure, suggested by Harsanyi and Selten (1988), in order to discriminate between two types of multiple Nash equilibria. Equilibria of the same type are pay-off equivalent in the analysed multiple-unit unit price auction where two sellers compete in order to serve a fixed demand. The equilibria where the firm with the larger capacity bids the maximum price, serves the residual demand and is undercut by the low capacity firm that sells its total capacity risk dominate the equilibria where the roles are interchanged.
Functional Modeling of Longitudinal Data with the SSM Procedure

In many studies, a continuous response variable is repeatedly measured over time on one or more subjects. The subjects might be grouped into different categories, such as cases and controls. The study of resulting observation profiles as functions of time is called functional data analysis. This paper shows how you can use the SSM procedure in SAS/ETS® software to model these functional data by using structural state space models (SSMs). A structural SSM decomposes a subject profile into latent components such as the group mean curve, the subject-specific deviation curve, and the covariate effects. The SSM procedure enables you to fit a rich class of structural SSMs, which permit latent components that have a wide variety of patterns. For example, the latent components can be different types of smoothing splines, including polynomial smoothing splines of any order and all L-splines up to order 2. The SSM procedure efficiently computes the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the model parameters and the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of the latent components (and their derivatives). The paper presents several real-life examples that show how you can fit, diagnose, and select structural SSMs; test hypotheses about the latent components in the model; and interpolate and extrapolate these latent components.
Price Competition in Industries with Geographic Differentiation : Measuring the Effect of Location on Price in the Fast Food Industry

This paper analyzes the empirical relationship between prices in the fast food industry and the market structures and taste variations induced by the geography of the market. I do this by using price and location data, but no quantity data, to estimate a discrete choice model of demand and supply for fast food that accounts for the exact geographic configuration of firms. I use the estimated model to run counterfactual experiments to demonstrate how the location of a firm will affect its price. I find that consumers will travel about 1/3-mile to save $1. I also find that both geographic differentiation from competitors and the distribution of consumers around the outlet have significant effects on the equilibrium prices for fast food outlets. For example, I show that for one of the outlets in my market that moving the outlet to a location 1⁄2-mile away would change the price for a meal (with an average mark-up of $2.67) by 15¢. Also, joint ownership can significantly increase prices above those that would be charged under separate ownership, especially for the industry leader. This price increase can occur even when the co-owned outlets are located far enough apart that the firms would both charge monopoly prices had they been owned by different parties. Since the changes in prices that occur from joint versus separate ownership are the same as the differences that occur from a merger (of two franchisees belonging to the same chain), these results are suggestive of general anti-trust policy in markets with geographic differentiation.
Coordinates tracking and augmented reality system using bipolar X-ray fluoroscopy and stereo vision for image-guided neurosurgery

In this paper multiple optic sensor system and algorithms to match coordinate systems for neurosurgery robot is proposed for O-arm or C-arm fluoroscopy. As a specific device mounted on fluoroscopy we make the optical axis of X-ray source and the optical sensor identical. This makes it capable of achieving simultaneously X-ray vision and camera vision of the same area without any other complex mapping between two images. This can be used to make augmented vision to show X-ray vision to surgeons under operation. Also because of the characteristic of neurosurgery the required measurement area is relatively small but neurosurgery is very demanding in terms of accuracy, so the measurement should be within small numbers of micrometers. For accurate measurement specially designed stereo vision is implemented with IR illumination and retro-reflective marker spheres. With a pair of stereo images from the sensor system the three-dimensional coordinates and pose of the markers are calculated. By attaching these markers to patient, surgical instruments, and robot each set of the coordinate systems can be tracked with the proposed sensor system.
Polynomial Cutting Plane Algorithms for Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programs Based on Ellipsoids, Volumetric Centers and Analytic Centers

Traditional simplex-based algorithms for two-stage stochastic linear programs can be broadly divided into two groups: (a) those that explicitly exploit the structure of the equivalent large-scale linear program and (b) those based on cutting planes (or equivalently on decomposition) that implicitly exploit that structure. Algorithms of group (b) are in general preferred. In 1988, following the work of Karmarkar for general linear programs, Birge and Qi [11] proposed a specialization of Karmarkar’s algorithm for two-stage stochastic linear programs. The algorithm of Birge and Qi [11] is the rst interior point analog of group (a). Several other authors have studied related and dieren t interior point analogs of group (a). Birge and Qi [11] also presented an analysis of the computational complexity of their algorithm. This analysis indicates that the computational complexity (in terms of total arithmetic operations) of their algorithm is in general smaller than that of the Karmarkar’s algorithm (applied without modication), and is quadratic in the number of realizations. At the time the present paper was initially prepared in 1996, the only work on interior point analogs of the preferred group (b) available was the paper by by Bahn, DU Merle, Gon and Vial [6], who presented an algorithm based on analytic centers. However, they did not present results on the complexity of their algorithm. In this paper, we present three classes of interior point analogs of group (b) based respectively on the ellipsoid algorithm (Khachiyan [29]), on the notion of volumetric center (Vaidya [38]) and on the notion of analytic center (Sonnevend [35]). We also present complexity results which indicate that the complexities (in terms of total arithmetic operations) of certain members of our three classes of algorithms are linear in the number of realizations.
Validation of OMI Tropospheric NO2 Observations During INTEX-B and Application to Constrain NOx Emissions Over the Eastern United States and Mexico Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

We compare tropospheric NO 2 column measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the EOS Aura satellite with coincident in situ aircraft measurements on vertical spirals over the southern United States, Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico during the INTEX-B campaign in March 2006. Good correlation with no signiﬁcant bias ( r 2 ¼ 0 : 67, slope ¼ 0 : 99 (cid:2) 0 : 17, n ¼ 12) is found for the ensemble of comparisons when the aircraft could spiral sufﬁciently low to sample most of the NO 2 column. Urban spirals where large extrapolations were needed below the aircraft ﬂoor (1000ft) showed poorer agreement. We use the OMI observations together with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to estimate emissions of nitrogen oxides over the eastern United States and Mexico in March 2006. Comparison to EPA’s National Emissions Inventory 1999 (NEI99) calls for a decrease in power plant emissions and an increase in on-road vehicle emissions relative to that inventory. The rise in vehicular emissions is offsetting the reduction in power plant and industry emissions. These ﬁndings are consistent with independent assessments. Our OMI-derived emission estimates for Mexico are higher by a factor of 2 : 0 (cid:2) 0 : 5 than bottom-up emissions, similar to a comparison between the recently released Mexican NEI99 inventory and the bottom-up showing that the Mexican NEI99 inventory is 1.6–1.8 (cid:3) higher.
Deterministic replay of Java multithreaded applications

A multithreaded program includes sequences of events wherein each sequence is associated with one of a plurality of execution threads. In a record mode, the software tool of the present invention records a run-time representation of the program by distinguishing critical events from non-critical events of the program and identifying the execution order of such critical events. Groups of critical events are generated wherein, for each group Gi, critical events belonging to the group Gi belong to a common execution thread, critical events belonging to the group Gi are consecutive, and only non-critical events occur between any two consecutive critical events in the group Gi. In addition, the groups are ordered and no two adjacent groups include critical events that belong to a common execution thread. For each execution thread, a logical thread schedule is generated that identifies a sequence of said groups associated with the execution thread. The logical thread schedules are stored in persistent storage for subsequent reuse. In a replay mode, for each execution thread, the logical thread schedule associated with the execution thread is loaded from persistent storage and the critical events identified by the logical thread schedule are executed.
Subband Compression of High Quality Color Still Images

This paper presents a complete coding system for compression of natural color still images represented with 24 bits per pixel. The original 8-bit red, green, and blue (RGB) image components are rst transformed to a luminance (Y) and two chrominance components (Cb, Cr) according to the ITU-R Recommendation 601 1]. Each of the Y, Cb, and Cr tristimulus values are then decomposed separately in a subband lter bank with diierent lters for the lumi-nance and the chrominance components. The Y-component requires a signiicantly higher bit rate than the Cb-and Cr-components, which can be downsampled by a factor of 10 to 20. For high quality image compression the down-sampling factor must not be too large to avoid color artifacts. The luminance and chrominance components are quantized in uniform threshold quantizers with step size adapted to the signal statistics and the human visual system. A bank of entropy coders adapted to the components' subband signal statistics is used for bit eecient representation of the quantized samples. The coding results shows that a transparent image quality can be obtained at about 1.2 bits per pixel for the Mandrill image.