Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Bold and Italic Character in Devanagari Script

a few works has been done for printed devanagari text in the area of optical character recognition. In this paper there is describing about a simple and fast algorithm for detection of italic and bold character in Devanagari script, without recognition of actual character. Here present an automatic information which tells us about the font type phase in the way of weight and slope. The process of identification and classification of italic and bold character can be used for making an accuracy of the text recognition system in the OCR. This simple and fast algorithm gives high accuracy and very easy to implement. KeywordsFont type phase, Binarization, Pixels, Noise
Underwater vehicles: the minimum time problem

We consider the minimum time problem for a class of underwater vehicles. We focus on the situation of initial and final configurations at rest satisfying x/sub 0/ /spl ne/ x/sub f/, z/sub 0/ = z/sub f/, /spl Theta//sub 0/ /spl Theta//sub f/ = 0. We supplement our theory with a numerical study of optimal bang-bang and singular solutions and include a discussion on a possible Fuller-like phenomenon.
The willingness of a society to act on behalf of Indigenous Australians and refugees: the role of contact, intergroup anxiety, prejudice, and support for legislative change

The relationship between contact and prejudice against Indigenous Australians and refugees was explored. Using path analysis, increased quality of contact significantly decreased prejudice toward Indigenous Australians, both directly and indirectly through intergroup anxiety; while increased quantity of contact reduced prejudice via a direct pathway. Decreased levels of prejudice toward Indigenous Australians led to increases in support for legislation, which led to increases in willingness to act. Similar results were found for the refugee analysis, except that there was no relationship between quantity of contact and other variables. Qualitative analyses revealed the importance of context, the nature of experience and indirect experience, and societal factors. Our results indicate the power of contact, as well as other structural, interpersonal, and personal factors.
AIDS education video: Karate Kids.

Street Kids International, in cooperation with the World Health Organization and the National Film Board of Canada, has developed an animated action-adventure video, "Karate Kids," as part of a cross-cultural program of health education that concerns human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and targets street children in developing countries. Simple, but explicit, information is delivered during the 22-minute cartoon; the package also includes a training book for educators, and a pocket comic book. Distributed in 17 languages (it is readily adapted to new language versions, independent of the original producers) in over 100 countries, the video is shown in community theaters, hospitals, schools, and prisons, and out of the backs of trucks. It is easily copied, which is encouraged. After 3 years in distribution, field evaluation has demonstrated that the greatest strength of the video is its ability to stimulate discussion where no discussion was taking place before. Critics include those who believe there is no need for it and those who feel it should be used alone. The results of one evaluation study showed use of the video alone was insufficient; those of a cross-cultural participatory evaluation survey indicated a significant impact on knowledge and attitudes when the video was followed by discussion. Another significant aspect of the project is that it treats street children with respect; they are actors, not victims, who have legitimate needs and rights. They become visible in a world that is often unaware of them.
Understanding origins : contemporary views on the origin of life, mind, and society

Understanding Origin: An Introduction J.-P. Dupuy, F.J. Varela. Origins: A View from Literature R. Girard. Part I: Violence: The Origin of Social Order. Supplement to Apocalypse: Girard and Derrida A.J. McKenna. A Morphogenetic Hypothesis P. Dumouchel. Girard and the Origin of Culture P. Livingston. Part II: The Origin of Money: Symbols and Texts. The Origin of Money A. Orlean. Primitive Money, Modern Money J.-J. Goux. Part III: Evolution and the Diversity of Life. Origins of Order in Evolution S.A. Kauffman. Optimization in Question J. Dupre. Incorporating Origins into Evolutionary Theory D.R. Brooks. The Evolution of Generic Forms B. Goodwin. Is Phylogeny Recapitulating Ontogeny? S. Oyama. Part IV: Perception and the Origin of Cognition. Whence Perceptual Meaning? A Cartography of Current Ideas F.J. Varela. Perception, Connectionism, and Cognitive Science C.A. Skarda. The Original and the Copy U. Eco. Appendix. Index.
0 Ju l 2 00 6 Geometrical Spinoptics and the Optical Hall Effect

Geometrical optics is extended so as to provide a model for spinning light rays via the coadjoint orbits of the Euclidean group characterized by color and spin. This leads to a theory of “geometrical spinoptics” in refractive media. Symplectic scattering yields generalized Snell-Descartes laws that include the recently discovered optical Hall effect. MSC : 78A05; 37J15; 70H40 Preprint : CPT-2005/P.052 arXiv:math-ph/0509031 mailto: duval@cpt.univ-mrs.fr UMR 6207 du CNRS associée aux Universités d’Aix-Marseille I et II et Université du Sud Toulon-Var; Laboratoire affilié à la FRUMAM-FR2291 mailto: zalanh@ludens.elte. hu mailto: horvathy@lmpt.univ-tours.fr
Automatic tuning of time constants in single bit continuous-time delta-sigma modulators

We describe an in-situ analog technique for estimating time constant shifts in continuous-time single bit delta-sigma modulators. We show that the variance of the first integrator output of the modulator's loop filter is a good indicator of RC time constants. The nominal values of the time constants are restored by digitally controlling the resistance and capacitance values (realized as switched banks). Simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of the time-constant tuning system are given for a third order CIFF modulator.
ImaEdge – a platform for quantitative analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical proteins during cell polarization

ABSTRACT Cell polarity involves the compartmentalization of the cell cortex. The establishment of cortical compartments arises from the spatial bias in the activity and concentration of cortical proteins. The mechanistic dissection of cell polarity requires the accurate detection of dynamic changes in cortical proteins, but the fluctuations of cell shape and the inhomogeneous distributions of cortical proteins greatly complicate the quantitative extraction of their global and local changes during cell polarization. To address these problems, we introduce an open-source software package, ImaEdge, which automates the segmentation of the cortex from time-lapse movies, and enables quantitative extraction of cortical protein intensities. We demonstrate that ImaEdge enables efficient and rigorous analysis of the dynamic evolution of cortical PAR proteins during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. It is also capable of accurate tracking of varying levels of transgene expression and discontinuous signals of the actomyosin cytoskeleton during multiple rounds of cell division. ImaEdge provides a unique resource for quantitative studies of cortical polarization, with the potential for application to many types of polarized cells. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper. Summary: An open-source software package, ImaEdge, automates the segmentation of the cell cortex from time-lapse movies, and enables quantitative extraction of cortical protein dynamics in cells undergoing polarization.
Summarizing Reports on Evolving Events - Part II: Non-Linear Evolution

An information processing system includes an information processing unit and an operation console. The information processing unit includes a CPU having a fault diagnostic unit which is coupled with the diagnostic interface port of the operation console, through a diagnostic interface. The operation console is provided with a microprocessor having a first operation mode carrying out at least a normal operation processing function and a second mode executing both a maintenance command processing function and a normal operation processing function, and with a memory for storing a maintenance command processing routine for executing the maintenance command processing function. When an operator issues an instruction for shifting the first operation mode to the second operation mode control is transferred to the operation console so that the microprocessor executes the maintenance command processing function and the normal operation processing function.
Temperature-Sensitive Growth and Decreased Thermotolerance Associated with relA Mutations in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The relA gene of Escherichia coli encodes guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) synthetase I, a ribosome-associated enzyme that is activated during amino acid starvation. The stringent response is thought to be mediated by ppGpp. Mutations in relA are known to result in pleiotropic phenotypes. We now report that three different relA mutant alleles, relA1, relA2, and relA251::kan, conferred temperature-sensitive phenotypes, as demonstrated by reduced plating efficiencies on nutrient agar (Difco) or on Davis minimal agar (Difco) at temperatures above 41°C. The relA-mediated temperature sensitivity was osmoremedial and could be completely suppressed, for example, by the addition of NaCl to the medium at a concentration of 0.3 M. The temperature sensitivities of the relA mutants were associated with decreased thermotolerance; e.g., relA mutants lost viability at 42°C, a temperature that is normally nonlethal. The spoT gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme possessing ppGpp synthetase and ppGpp pyrophosphohydrolase activities. The introduction of the spoT207::cat allele into a strain bearing the relA251::kan mutation completely abolished ppGpp synthesis. This ppGpp null mutant was even more temperature sensitive than the strain carrying the relA251::kan mutation alone. The relA-mediated thermosensitivity was suppressed by certain mutant alleles of rpoB (encoding the β subunit of RNA polymerase) and spoT that have been previously reported to suppress other phenotypic characteristics conferred by relA mutations. Collectively, these results suggest that ppGpp may be required in some way for the expression of genes involved in thermotolerance.
Neural networks for optimization and signal processing

From the Publisher: Artificial neural networks can be employed to solve a wide spectrum of problems in optimization, parallel computing, matrix algebra and signal processing. Taking a computational approach, this book explains how ANNs provide solutions in real time, and allow the visualization and development of new techniques and architectures. Features include a guide to the fundamental mathematics of neurocomputing, a review of neural network models and an analysis of their associated algorithms, and state-of-the-art procedures to solve optimization problems. Computer simulation programs MATLAB, TUTSIM and SPICE illustrate the validity and performance of the algorithms and architectures described. The authors encourage the reader to be creative in visualizing new approaches and detail how other specialized computer programs can evaluate performance. Each chapter concludes with a short bibliography. Illustrative worked examples, questions and problems assist self study. The authors' self-contained approach will appeal to a wide range of readers, including professional engineers working in computing, optimization, operational research, systems identification and control theory. Undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science, electrical and electronic engineering will also find this text invaluable. In particular, the text will be ideal to supplement courses in circuit analysis and design, adaptive systems, control systems, signal processing and parallel computing.
A 3347-Locus Genetic Recombination Map of Sequence-Tagged Sites Reveals Features of Genome Organization, Transmission and Evolution of Cotton (Gossypium)

We report genetic maps for diploid (D) and tetraploid (AtDt) Gossypium genomes composed of sequence-tagged sites (STS) that foster structural, functional, and evolutionary genomic studies. The maps include, respectively, 2584 loci at 1.72-cM (∼600 kb) intervals based on 2007 probes (AtDt) and 763 loci at 1.96-cM (∼500 kb) intervals detected by 662 probes (D). Both diploid and tetraploid cottons exhibit negative crossover interference; i.e., double recombinants are unexpectedly abundant. We found no major structural changes between Dt and D chromosomes, but confirmed two reciprocal translocations between At chromosomes and several inversions. Concentrations of probes in corresponding regions of the various genomes may represent centromeres, while genome-specific concentrations may represent heterochromatin. Locus duplication patterns reveal all 13 expected homeologous chromosome sets and lend new support to the possibility that a more ancient polyploidization event may have predated the A-D divergence of 6–11 million years ago. Identification of SSRs within 312 RFLP sequences plus direct mapping of 124 SSRs and exploration for CAPS and SNPs illustrate the “portability” of these STS loci across populations and detection systems useful for marker-assisted improvement of the world's leading fiber crop. These data provide new insights into polyploid evolution and represent a foundation for assembly of a finished sequence of the cotton genome.
Extremely High Precision VLBI Astrometry of PSR J0437–4715 and Implications for Theories of Gravity

Using the recently upgraded Long Baseline Array, we have measured the trigonometric parallax of PSR J0437–4715 to better than 1% precision, the most precise pulsar distance determination made to date. Comparing this VLBI distance measurement to the kinematic distance obtained from pulsar timing, which is calculated from the pulsar’s proper motion and apparent rate of change of orbital period, gives a precise limit on the unmodeled relative acceleration between the solar system and PSR J0437–4715, which can be used in a variety of applications. First, it shows that Newton’s gravitational constant G is stable with time (Ġ/G = (−5 ± 26) × 10−13 yr−1, 95% confidence). Second, if a stochastic gravitational wave background existed at the currently quoted limit, this null result would fail ~50% of the time. Third, it excludes Jupiter-mass planets within 226 AU of the Sun in 50% of the sky (95% confidence). Finally, the ~1% agreement of the parallax and orbital period derivative distances provides a fundamental confirmation of the parallax distance method on which all astronomical distances are based.
Salinity-induced regulation of the myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway in tilapia gill epithelium

SUMMARY The myo-inositol biosynthesis (MIB) pathway converts glucose-6-phosphate to the compatible osmolyte myo-inositol that protects cells from osmotic stress. Using proteomics, the enzymes that constitute the MIB pathway, myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) and inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1), are identified in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gill epithelium. Targeted, quantitative, label-free proteomics reveals that they are both upregulated during salinity stress. Upregulation is stronger when fish are exposed to severe (34 ppt acute and 90 ppt gradual) relative to moderate (70 ppt gradual) salinity stress. IMPA1 always responds more strongly than MIPS, suggesting that MIPS is more stable during salinity stress. MIPS is N-terminally acetylated and the corresponding peptide increases proportionally to MIPS protein, while non-acetylated N-terminal peptide is not detectable, indicating that MIPS acetylation is constitutive and may serve to stabilize the protein. Hyperosmotic induction of MIPS and IMPA1 is confirmed using western blot and real-time qPCR and is much higher at the mRNA than at the protein level. Two distinct MIPS mRNA variants are expressed in the gill, but one is more strongly regulated by salinity than the other. A single MIPS gene is encoded in the tilapia genome whereas the zebrafish genome lacks MIPS entirely. The genome of euryhaline tilapia contains four IMPA genes, two of which are expressed, but only one is salinity regulated in gill epithelium. The genome of stenohaline zebrafish contains a single IMPA gene. We conclude that the MIB pathway represents a major salinity stress coping mechanism that is regulated at multiple levels in euryhaline fish but absent in stenohaline zebrafish.
A Knowledge Representation Tool Based on Concept Algebra

A formal theory for abstract concepts and knowledge manipulation is created by Wang recently known as concept algebra. Concept algebra is an abstract mathematical structure for the formal treatment of concepts and their algebraic relations, operations, and associative rules for composing complex concepts, which provides a denotational mathematic means for knowledge system representation and manipulation. This paper presents a method that shows how the theory of concept algebra is implemented and simulated using typical computers. A visualized knowledge representation tool for concept algebra is developed, which enables machines learn concepts and knowledge autonomously. Nine forms of concept association operations are implemented in the tool to rigorously manipulate knowledge by concept networks. The knowledge representation tool is capable to present concepts and knowledge systems in multiple ways, in order to visualize concept networks by computer simulations.
Angiogenesis in Psoriatic Skin and its Modifications after Administration of Etanercept: Videocapillaroscopic, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation

Several studies suggest that microangiopathy plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. TNF-alpha up-regulates the genetic transcription of VEGF, a pro-angiogenetic cytokine over-expressed in psoriatic skin, which promotes micrangiopathic modifications in psoriatic plaque. Etanercept is a chimeric protein used in the treatment of psoriasis and other immunomediated disorders, which blocks inflammatory response by interfering in the binding of TNF-alpha to its receptors. Starting from this data, we retain that Etanercept can improve microangiopathy in psoriatic skin by reducing the synthesis of pro-angiogenetic chemokine VEGF. The aims of the study are: to verify the effect of Etanercept on cutaneous en plaque capillaries in vivo using intra-vital videocapillaroscopy analysis, to evaluate the relation between the en plaque videocapillaroscopic pattern and the immunohistochemical cutaneous expression of VEGF in psoriasis, and finally to correlate all these in data with clinical disease activity. Eighteen patients (10 male and 8 female, mean age 51, range 21–60) suffering from stable, en plaque type psoriasis, involving at least 10% of body surface area (BSA), and not responsive to conventional therapy were included in the study. All the enrolled patients received Etanercept 50mg/twice/week, subcutaneously, for 12 weeks, and were carefully followed up for clinical response with PASI score and DLQI index both before (T0) and after 12 weeks (T12) of treatment with Etanercept. A well-demarcated psoriatic plaque of the extensor surface of upper extremities was chosen to perform an intra-vital videocapillaroscopy analysis (IVCP), and a skin biopsy for immunohistochemical study both at T0 and T12in all the included patients, in order to evaluate the presence of microangiopathy and its modification after therapy. All the patients experienced a clinical improvement of cutaneous disease with a significant decrease of PASI score (p0.0001) and DLQI level (p0.0001), throughout the twelve weeks of treatment. On IVCP analysis, microangiopathy dramatically decreased (p0.0001), this modification being significantly related with PASI and DLQI decrease at T12. Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF decreased significantly from T0 to T12 (p0.0001), and was related with a reduction of psoriatic microangiopathy at T12. The results of our videocapillaroscopic and immunohistochemical investigation confirm that the therapeutic potentiality of Etanercept is based also on its capability to promote the regression of psoriatic microangiopathy. Moreover, according to these considerations, videocapillaroscopic evaluation of psoriatic plaque, both before and after treatment with Etancercept, may be a useful tool to objectively demonstrate its effect on microcirculation.
Industrial wireless communications over the millimeter wave spectrum: opportunities and challenges

The large bandwidth available at the mmWave spectrum can open the way for a wide variety of new industrial automation capabilities. With the use of wireless smart cameras and vision technologies, applications such as remote visual monitoring and surveillance, intelligent logistics product tracking, image guided automated assembly, and fault detection can be realized. Vision capabilities can enable robots, machines, and other industrial automation systems to meaningfully interact with objects and safely navigate through their surroundings. Allowing them to adapt to changing manufacturing-line conditions opens a wide range of new industrial automation applications. In this article, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and design principles of industrial wireless communication over the mmWave spectrum. Open research issues are identified and discussed. In addition, performance analysis of mmWave industrial systems with respect to channel capacity is conducted using a realistic physical-statistical-based channel model.
Oxidative Stress-Associated Impairment of Proteasome Activity during Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Numerous studies indicate a role for oxidative stress in the neuronal degeneration and cell death that occur during ischemia–reperfusion injury. Recent data suggest that inhibition of the proteasome may be a means by which oxidative stress mediates neuronal cell death. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that there is a time-dependent decrease in proteasome activity, which is not associated with decreased expression of proteasome subunits, after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. To determine the role of oxidative stress in mediating proteasome inhibition, ischemia–reperfusion studies were conducted in mice that either overexpressed the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase [GPX 1(+)], or were devoid of glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX −/−). After ischemia–reperfusion, GPX 1(+) mice displayed decreased infarct size, attenuated neurologic impairment, and reduced levels of proteasome inhibition compared with either GPX −/− or wild type mice. In addition, GPX 1(+) mice displayed lower levels of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteasome subunits after ischemia–reperfusion injury. Together, these data indicate that proteasome inhibition occurs during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and is mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress.
Multiresolution SAR data fusion for unsupervised change detection

Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems currently offer both very high resolutions and multiresolution acquisition capability, thus presenting a great potential for environmental monitoring and damage assessment applications. In this framework, change detection methods play a central role. In this paper, a novel unsupervised change detection method is proposed for multitemporal SAR images acquired at multiple resolutions. The method combines Markov random field modeling, line processes, linear mixtures, Bayesian estimation, generalized Gaussian distributions, and graph cuts with the aim of fusing the available multiresolution information to generate a change map at the finest of the observed resolutions. The proposed method is experimentally validated with multitemporal COSMO-SkyMed stripmap and polarimetric data.