Analysis of Urban Growth Pattern in Tehran City by Landscape Ecology Approach

urban growth was observed in the next zone. The high peak of urban growth moves like a wave to outer zones. The urban growth pattern in different zones follows the same pattern happening for the whole city, i.e., formation of city core, dispersion and coalescence. The values extracted for the following metrics including number of patches, fractural dimension, mean size, contiguity and mean geometric distance to nearest neighbor shows that in each zone, the same pattern is happening in different time periods. For example, AWMPFD shows an increasing trend and increasing and then decreasing trend in all zones over time. This shows dispersion of individual patches, expansion of central core and then coalescence of patches over time. Comparison of the results of this study with other studies (Li et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2007; Luck et al., 2002; Ji et al., 2006; Aguilera 2011; Seifolddini and Mansourian, 2014) indicates that urban growth process in majority of cities follows the tidal wave pattern, but this process is also affected by social, topography, transportation network, socio-economic condition, and creates different pattern in different countries. For example, in case of Tehran city, existence of the mountains in the northern part of Tehran prevents growth in that area. Understanding the patterns and processes of urban growth can provide better understanding of urban growth. Quantifying urban growth by using spatial metrics can be used as an important instrument. of barren lands in urban territory, more barren and mountainous lands have changed into urban areas. It is predicted that the urban territory of Sanandaj will be 5154 hectares in 2022. In fact, b with the required law and applying restriction map, about 329 hectares of old texture lands have been taken into account for urban development and consequently this number of farming lands cannot join to urban territory. By giving priority to the barren lands inside the city in restriction map, the changes of lands has been prevented. It is predicted that most of the sprawl development has been in northwest and south west. In 2022, urban and mountainous lands will change into urban lands to a large degree. Based on the results of the study, Markov automatic-chaining cells model has a high productivity in urban development and prediction. Thus, assessment of Hezar Dastgah rental housing in Khorramabad city confirms the modern concepts of housing sustainability. Furthermore, among the sustainable housing indices, social and cultural dimensions have had the most important role in the increase in the efficiency of housing, and as mentioned above, these indices were of greater priority for the residents. In this line, the obtained results prove the role of housing sustainability in housing performance and acceptance. The results show that the quantitative attitudes to housing were dominant in this policy, and finally suggest that this policy failed to meet the actual needs of the target groups. of indices of good urban governance in the study area, i. e. Ararat quarter of the region 3 on the extent of Tehran municipality is very poor and all the indices have generally less impact on the community management of the above-mentioned quarter. The basic result is that, the answering index has the most function and the equity index has the least function in the community management of the study area. If we decide to give a score to the indices of good urban governance in the study area (Ararat Quarter) and the top score is 8, the score of the area will be 3 out of 8. This shows a poor function for overall indices of good urban governance. Therefore, the agents of community management in the quarter must try to develop all these indices to achieve better community management. The planning of urban parks is considered to be as one of the most challenging tasks of managers and urban planners. Spatial distribution and access to urban parks have great importance in planning and urban development. Planners and policy makers should not only increase the number of parks, but they should also improve the spatial distribution pattern. The access and the spatial distribution of urban parks have a mutual impact on each other. Use of appropriate methods to measure the access and spatial distribution pattern of urban parks are essential to achieve spatial and social justice. To achieve this aim, changes in criteria and standards for site selection study of urban parks is necessary. The results of this research can be effective in the field of spatial distribution of urban parks in Shiraz.