Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global oceanic chlorofluorocarbon inventory

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) dissolve in the oceans, but the total quantity and spatial distribution in the oceans was not previously known. The first estimate of the global oceanic CFC‐11 uptake using field measurements is calculated from WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment) CFC‐11 concentrations. Here we find the total oceanic uptake of 5.5 (±1.2) × 108 moles was about 1% of total emissions through 1994. Eighty‐two percent of the CFC‐11 inventory is in the upper 1000 meters. The CFC inventory distribution implies that the dominant physical air‐sea exchange of gases on decadal time scales occurs due to a combination of high gas solubility in cold high latitude waters and effectiveness of the wind‐driven circulation. The global inventory provides a benchmark for models simulating climate change.
Properties of M31 - I. Dust. Basic properties and a discussion about age-dependent dust heating

Aims. Observations acquired by the Spitzer Space Telescope and improvements to theoretical modeling of dust emission properties are used to discuss the distribution of dust and its characteristics in the closest neighbor spiral galaxy M31. These data are then used with GALEX FUV, NUV, and SDSS images to study the age dependence of the dust heating process. Methods. Spitzer IRAC/MIPS maps of M31 were matched together and compared to dust emission models allowing us to constrain the dust mass, the intensity of the mean radiation field, the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) particles. The total infrared emission (TIR) was analyzed as a function of UV and optical colors and compared to predictions of models that consider age-dependent dust heating. Results. We demonstrate that cold-dust component emission dominates the infrared spectral energy distribution of M31. The mean intensity of the radiation field heating the dust is low (typically $U M dust ≳ 1.1 $\times$ 10 7 $M_{\odot}$ with a best-fit model value of M dust = 7.6 $\times$ 10 7 $M_{\odot}$, in good agreement with expectations from CO and HI measurements. Across the spiral-ring structure of M31, we show that a fraction >3% of the total dust mass is in PAHs. UV and optical colors are correlated with the total infrared to far ultraviolet (TIR/FUV) ratios in ~670 pc-sized regions over the disk of M31, although deviating from the relationship between infrared excess and ultraviolet spectral slope (referred as IRX- β relationship) for starburst galaxies. In particular, redder regions have lower values of the TIR/FUV ratio for a fixed color. Considering the predictions of models that account for the dust-heating age dependence, we found that in 83% of the regions analyzed across the 10 kpc ring, more than 50% of the energy absorbed by the dust is rediated at λ > 4000 A and that dust in M31 appears mainly heated by populations a few Gyr old even across the star-forming ring. We also found that the attenuation varies radially peaking close to 10 kpc and decreases more rapidly with radius in the inner regions of M31 than in the outer regions in agreement with previous studies. We finally derived the attenuation map of M31 at 6″/px resolution (~100 pc/px along the plane of M31).
Node localization and tracking using distance and acceleration measurements

Advances in miniaturized wireless and sensing technologies have enabled the construction of cheap, low-powered, portable wireless devices capable of forming ad hoc networks. While these networks have shown enormous potential in applications such as remote sensing and target tracking, these applications require the devices to determine their own location. Additionally, devices capable of self-localization can also be used to implement location-based services or to improve coordination between first-responders to disaster sites or infantry in tactical situations. Existing techniques such as GPS may not be available due to design or environmental constraints, so other methods need to be devised. Previous works have proposed methods for wireless devices to self-localize based on received signal strength (RSS), but these methods offer limited accuracy due to the large error in RSS measurements. Recognizing the trend for these portable wireless devices to contain acceleration sensors, we propose an algorithm to combine these acceleration measurements with RSS readings to achieve accurate localization. We apply a distributed extended Kalman filter to track position based on these two measurements and a kinematic node movement model. This algorithm is able to take advantage of correlations between successive location estimates to improve estimation accuracy. We calculate the posterior Cramér-Rao bound for this algorithm and analyze it through simulation. Our analysis shows that by utilizing the acceleration information, the network is able to self-localize despite the large inaccuracy in RSS readings.
Sublogarithmic Deterministic Selection on Arrays with a Reconfigurable Optical Bus

The linear array with a reconfigurable pipelined bus system (LARPBS) is a newly introduced parallel computational model, where processors are connected by a reconfigurable optical bus. In this paper, we show that the selection problem can be solved on the LARPBS model deterministically in O((loglogN)/sup 2// log log log N) time. To our best knowledge, this is the best deterministic selection algorithm on any model with a reconfigurable optical bus.
A novel method for person authentication using retinal images

A new way of person authentication based on retina pattern is presented in this paper. It consists of retina feature extraction, template generation and finally matching the patterns. Our proposed method initially involves segmentation process to identify blood vessel intersection points in the retina, then the generation of template consisting of the bifurcation points in the blood vessels and finally matching of the intersection points in different patterns. The number of matched blood vessel intersection points between two patterns is used to quantify the degree of matching. The validity of our approach is then verified with the experimental results. Also we have made a performance analysis by using the DRIVE database and found that the proposed retina recognition method gives us 100% accuracy rate.
Layered biologically inspired self-healing software system architecture

This paper presents biologically inspired self-healing software architecture and provides a formal description of the architecture using graph and set theory. This work aims to develop a method on how to engineer software systems which have similar high stability and efficiency often found in biological systems (in terms of handling abnormal conditions of such systems). After analyzing one of the biological self-healing systems (the wound healing), we mapped its processes into software system architecture. The architecture can handle single-fault of the system’s components as well as concurrent-faults.
Structural Algorithms for Diagnostic System Design Using Simulink Models

Today’s society depends on complex and technically advanced mechanical systems, often containing a variety of different components. Despite careful development andconstruction, some of these components may eventually fail. To avoid unnecessary damage, for example environmental or financial, there is a need to locate and diagnose these faults as fast as possible. This can be done with a diagnostic system, which should produce an alarm if there is a fault in the mechanical system and, if possible, indicate the reason behind it. In model based diagnosis, a mathematical model of a fault free system is used to detect if the monitored system contain any faults. This is done by constructing fault indicators, called fault tests, consisting of equations from different parts of the model. Finding these parts is a time-consuming and demanding task, hence it is preferable if as much as possible of this process can be automated. In this thesis an algorithm that finds all parts of a system that can be used to create these fault tests is presented. To make this analysis feasible, in industrial applications, a simplified version of a system model called a structural model is used. Since the models considered in this thesis are implemented in the mathematical software Simulink, a method for transforming Simulink models into analytical equations and structural models is described. As a way of increasing the diagnostic performance for a model based diagnostic system, information about different faults, called fault models, can be included in the model. However, since the models in this thesis are implemented in Simulink, there is no direct way in which this can be preformed. This thesis describes a solution to this problem. The correctness of the algorithms in this thesis are proved and they have been applied, with supreme results, to aScania truck engine model.
A Novel Network Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based on Density Estimation

Data mining techniques have been successfully applied in intrusion detection because they can detect both misuse and anomaly. One of the unsupervised ways to define anomalies is by saying that anomalies are not concentrated, which depend on the density of data set. In this paper, the anomalies can be specified by choosing a reference measure μ which determines a density and a level value r. In order to reveal the relationship between the distribution of connection feature data sets and the reference measure μ, we proposed a new method to design RBF classifier based on multiple granularities immune network, and apply this algorithm to estimate density level set for the data set, through which the anomaly network connections have been detected. Experimental results on the real network data set showed that the new method is competitive with others in that the false alarm rate is kept low without many missed detections.
Approximate Inference in Latent Diffusion Processes from Continuous Time Observations

We propose a novel approximate inference approach for continuous time stochastic dynamical systems observed in both discrete and continuous time with noise. Our expectation-propagation approach generalises the classical Kalman-Bucy smoothing procedure to non-Gaussian observations, enabling continuous-time inference in a variety of models, including spiking neuronal models (state-space models with point process observations) and box likelihood models. Experimental results on real and simulated data demonstrate high distributional accuracy and significant computational savings compared to discrete-time approaches in a neural application.
Demo: LIVES: Learning through Interactive Video and Emotion-aware System

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of emotion recognition, we design a novel system called Learning through Interactive Video and Emotion-aware System (LIVES). LIVES includes data collection, emotion recognition, and result validation, as well as emotion feedback. We adopt transfer learning to label and validate moods in LIVES, while the emotion can be classified into six types of mood in a reasonable accuracy. Through transfer learning, the time-consuming and labor-intensive processing cost on data collection and labeling can also be greatly reduced. In our prototype system, LIVES is used to enhance an emotion-aware robot's intelligence provided by cloud. LIVES-based emotion recognition is executed in the remote cloud while corresponding result is sent to the robot for emotion feedback. The experimental results demonstrate LIVES significantly improves the accuracy and effective of emotion classification.
From complementarity to obviation : on dissolving the boundaries between social and biological anthropology, archaeology and psychology

The split between the humanities and the natural sciences, and within anthropology between its sociocultural and biological divisions, has its source in a notion of the human being as a composite entity made up of separate but complementary parts, related as (innate) container to (acquired) content. This notion, however, precludes an adequate account of ontogenetic development. An alternative approach, based on a principle of obviation rather than complementarity, sets out to dissolve the boundaries by which the biological, psychological and social components of human being have conventionally been distinguished. In this approach, which takes as its starting point the notion of the organism-person as a locus of growth within a field of relationships, human capacities are explained as the properties not of genetic or cultural programming but of the self-organising dynamics of developmental systems. It is possible, then, to dispense not only with the biological/social dichotomy but also with that between evolution and history. This has important implications for archaeology, with regard to the issues both of human origins and landscape formation. Conceived as the study of environments in their temporal unfolding, archaeology could be regarded as the obverse of the anthropological study of the conditions of human being-in-the-world. In psychology, too, the complementarity thesis is unable to offer a convincing account of development. From the perspective of an obviation approach, the phenomena of perception, memory and learning could just as well be treated as topics of anthropological inquiry, at the same time opening up a new perspective on the study of children. Finally, if anthropology is a science, it must be a science of engagement. This conclusion has implications for teaching as well as research.
IMAGE TO POINT CLOUD METHOD OF 3D-MODELING

This article describes the method of constructing 3D models of objects (buildings, monuments) based on digital images and a point cloud obtained by terrestrial laser scanner. The first step is the automated determination of exterior orientation parameters of digital image. We have to find the corresponding points of the image and point cloud to provide this operation. Before the corresponding points searching quasi image of point cloud is generated. After that SIFT algorithm is applied to quasi image and real image. SIFT algorithm allows to find corresponding points. Exterior orientation parameters of image are calculated from corresponding points. The second step is construction of the vector object model. Vectorization is performed by operator of PC in an interactive mode using single image. Spatial coordinates of the model are calculated automatically by cloud points. In addition, there is automatic edge detection with interactive editing available. Edge detection is performed on point cloud and on image with subsequent identification of correct edges. Experimental studies of the method have demonstrated its efficiency in case of building facade modeling.
Primate structures in synthetic dynamic active visual saliency

We implement biologically plausible early vision processes on a distributed vision system centered around an active stereo vision mechanism. We develop visual saliency for active analysis of real, dynamic scenes. We optimise real-time performance by minimising network traffic and maximising CPU loads in the distributed synthetic vision system. We see that the structures and functional pathways of the synthetic system form an architecture broadly similar to that observed from neural correlates in primates. The correspondence to biology has emerged naively, as a result of performance optimisation, and not by directly modeling the known or hypothesized architecture and functional pathways of primate visual centers.
OPEN INNOVATION DIPLOMACY: THE QUADRUPLE INNOVATION HELIX CONCEPT AND THE “MODE 3” KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN A 21ST CENTURY FRACTAL RESEARCH, EDUCATION A AND INNOVATION (FREIE) ECOSYSTEM

Developed and developing economies alike face increased resource scarcity and competitive rivalry. Science and technology increasingly appear as a main source of competitive and sustainable advantage for nations and regions alike. However, the key determinant of their efficacy is the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship-enabled innovation that unlocks and captures the pecuniary benefits of the science enterprise in the form of private, public or hybrid goods. In this context, linking university basic and applied research with the market, via technology transfer and commercialization mechanisms including government-university-industry partnerships and risk capital investments, constitutes the essential trigger mechanism and driving device for sustainable competitive advantage and prosperity. In short, university researchers properly informed, empowered, and supported are bound to emerge as the architects of a prosperity that is founded on a solid foundation of scientific and technological knowledge, experience, and expertise and not in fleeting and conjectural “ financial engineering” schemes. Building on these constituent elements of technology transfer and commercialization, Open Innovation Diplomacy (Carayannis, 2010, 2011) encompasses the concept and practice of bridging distance and other divides (cultural, socio-economic, technological, etc) with focused and properly targeted initiatives to connect ideas and solutions with markets and investors ready to appreciate them and nurture them to their full potential. The emerging gloCalizing, globalizing and localizing (Carayannis and von Zedwitz, 2005; Carayannis and Alexander, 2006), frontier of converging systems, networks and sectors of innovation that is driven by increasingly complex, non-linear and dynamic processes of knowledge creation, diffusion and use, confronts us with the need to re-conceptualize – if not re-invent – the ways and means that knowledge production, utilization and renewal takes place in the context of the knowledge economy and society (gloCal knowledge economy and society). Perspectives from and about different parts of the world and diverse human, socioeconomic, technological and cultural contexts are inter-woven to produce an emerging new worldview on how specialized knowledge, that is embedded in a particular socio-technical context, can serve as the unit of reference for stocks and flows of a hybrid, public/private, tacit/codified, tangible/virtual good that represents the building block of the knowledge economy, society and polity. We postulate that one approach to such a re-conceptualization is what we call the “Mode 3” Knowledge Production System (expanding and extending the “Mode 1” and “Mode 2” knowledge production systems) which is at the heart of the Fractal Research, Education and Innovation Ecosystem (FREIE) (Carayannis, 2011) consisting of
Estimation of Portion Sizes by Elderly Respondents

This two-phase study assessed the cognitive strategies used by the elderly (individuals 65 years of age and older) and the accuracy of their estimates of reported dietary intake. In phase I of the study, we conducted interviews with 118 elderly respondents who were asked to " think aloud " while estimating the portion size of solid, liquid, and amorphous (i.e., nonspecific) foods they had eaten the previous day. Respondents were given one of four sets of estimation aids, although most chose not to use these and appeared confident in estimating amounts. In phase II, 90 different elderly participants ate lunch at a university facility. Food items were pre-weighed or measured before being served, and amounts consumed were calculated after each meal. The following day, researchers interviewed participants by using one of three randomly assigned methods: by telephone with mostly 2-dimensional aids, by telephone without aids, or in person with 3-dimensional aids. Participants were asked to recall what they had eaten at the meal and to estimate the amount eaten. Findings from phase I suggested that elderly respondents generally chose not to use an aid to estimate portion sizes. For most foods consumed in phase II, those participants who used an aid did not have reduced estimation errors, because these commonly exceeded ±25 percent. n understanding of food consumption and the challenges associated with changing consumption patterns are critical to improving human health and well-being. One barrier to understanding consumption is the difficulty in measuring what people eat. Dietary recall studies, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), have been used extensively (Thompson & Byers, 1994) to estimate food consumption and to give insight into dietary inadequacies. However, some nutrition researchers have questioned the accuracy and validity of portion-size estimation to quantify dietary intake (e.g., Cypel, Guenther, & Petot, 1997). It is important that dietary data such as portion-size estimation be as accurate as possible (McGuire, Other authors have suggested that the accuracy of information obtained from older respondents may be lower than that obtained from younger ones (Taylor-Davis & Smiciklas-Wright, 1993). If this is true, the data used to determine the critical diet-related issues facing the elderly population may be less accurate than desired. This is of added importance because the proportion of elderly in the population is rising annually (U.
BCL-2 Is Phosphorylated and Inactivated by an ASK1/Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase Pathway Normally Activated at G2/M

ABSTRACT Multiple signal transduction pathways are capable of modifying BCL-2 family members to reset susceptibility to apoptosis. We used two-dimensional peptide mapping and sequencing to identify three residues (Ser70, Ser87, and Thr69) within the unstructured loop of BCL-2 that were phosphorylated in response to microtubule-damaging agents, which also arrest cells at G2/M. Changing these sites to alanine conferred more antiapoptotic activity on BCL-2 following physiologic death signals as well as paclitaxel, indicating that phosphorylation is inactivating. An examination of cycling cells enriched by elutriation for distinct phases of the cell cycle revealed that BCL-2 was phosphorylated at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. G2/M-phase cells proved more susceptible to death signals, and phosphorylation of BCL-2 appeared to be responsible, as a Ser70Ala substitution restored resistance to apoptosis. We noted that ASK1 and JNK1 were normally activated at G2/M phase, and JNK was capable of phosphorylating BCL-2. Expression of a series of wild-type and dominant-negative kinases indicated an ASK1/Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) pathway phosphorylated BCL-2 in vivo. Moreover, the combination of dominant negative ASK1, (dnASK1), dnMKK7, and dnJNK1 inhibited paclitaxel-induced BCL-2 phosphorylation. Thus, stress response kinases phosphorylate BCL-2 during cell cycle progression as a normal physiologic process to inactivate BCL-2 at G2/M.
Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera Images of NGC 1316 ( Fornax A ) 1

We present HST Planetary Camera V and I band images of the central region of the peculiar giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1316. These high resolution Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA Contract No. NAS 5-26555. The National Optical Astronomy Observatories are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.