Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Anthropometry-Based Equations for the Estimation of the Total Body Water in Koreans

For developing race-specific anthropometry-based total body water (TBW) equations, we measured TBW using bioelectrical impedance analysis (TBWBIA) in 2,943 healthy Korean adults. Among them, 2,223 were used as a reference group. Two equations (TBWK1 and TBWK2) were developed based on age, sex, height, and body weight. The adjusted R2 was 0.908 for TBWK1 and 0.910 for TBWK2. The remaining 720 subjects were used for the validation of our results. Watson (TBWW) and Hume-Weyers (TBWH) formulas were also used. In men, TBWBIA showed the highest correlation with TBWH, followed by TBWK1, TBWK2 and TBWW. TBWK1 and TBWK2 showed the lower root mean square errors (RMSE) and mean prediction errors (ME) than TBWW and TBWH. On the Bland-Altman plot, the correlations between the differences and means were smaller for TBWK2 than for TBWK1. On the contrary, TBWBIA showed the highest correlation with TBWW, followed by TBWK2, TBWK1, and TBWH in females. RMSE was smallest in TBWW, followed by TBWK2, TBWK1 and TBWH. ME was closest to zero for TBWK2, followed by TBWK1, TBWW and TBWH. The correlation coefficients between the means and differences were highest in TBWW, and lowest in TBWK2. In conclusion, TBWK2 provides better accuracy with a smaller bias than the TBWW or TBWH in males. TBWK2 shows a similar accuracy, but with a smaller bias than TBWW in females.
Passive and Chipless Packaged Sensor for the Wireless Pressure Monitoring in Harsh Environment

A new millimetre-wave passive and chipless packaged sensor for wireless pressure monitoring in harsh environment is proposed. This sensor uses a planar microstrip resonator coupled with a high resistivity silicon membrane. The remote interrogation of this sensor is performed from a Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar. Prototypes have been designed and fabricated using photoresist intermediate layer for the silicon membrane bonding. Radar measurements on two sensors validate a 6dB full-scale response for 1.4 bar overpressure. Depression measurements demonstrate the transducer hermeticity and a measured sensitivity of 1.6% per bar on the millimetre-wave resonant frequency.
Minimum Sum-Squared Residue Co-Clustering of Gene Expression Data

Microarray experiments have been extensively used for simultaneously measuring DNA expression levels of thousands of genes in genome research. A key step in the analysis of gene expression data is the clustering of genes into groups that show similar expression values over a range of conditions. Since only a small subset of the genes participate in any cellular process of interest, by focusing on subsets of genes and conditions, we can lower the noise induced by other genes and conditions — a co-cluster characterizes such a subset of interest. Cheng and Church [3] introduced an effective measure of co-cluster quality based on mean squared residue. In this paper, we use two similar squared residue measures and propose two fast k-means like co-clustering algorithms corresponding to the two residue measures. Our algorithms discover k row clusters and l column clusters simultaneously while monotonically decreasing the respective squared residues. Our co-clustering algorithms inherit the simplicity, efficiency and wide applicability of the k-means algorithm. Minimizing the residues may also be formulated as trace optimization problems that allow us to obtain a spectral relaxation that we use for a principled initialization for our iterative algorithms. We further enhance our algorithms by an incremental local search strategy that helps avoid empty clusters and escape poor local minima. We illustrate co-clustering results on a yeast cell cycle dataset and a human B-cell lymphoma dataset. Our experiments show that our co-clustering algorithms are efficient and are able to discover coherent co-clusters.
CMOS-3D Smart Imager Architectures for Feature Detection

This paper reports a multi-layered smart image sensor architecture for feature extraction based on detection of interest points. The architecture is conceived for 3-D integrated circuit technologies consisting of two layers (tiers) plus memory. The top tier includes sensing and processing circuitry aimed to perform Gaussian filtering and generate Gaussian pyramids in fully concurrent way. The circuitry in this tier operates in mixed-signal domain. It embeds in-pixel correlated double sampling, a switched-capacitor network for Gaussian pyramid generation, analog memories and a comparator for in-pixel analog-to-digital conversion. This tier can be further split into two for improved resolution; one containing the sensors and another containing a capacitor per sensor plus the mixed-signal processing circuitry. Regarding the bottom tier, it embeds digital circuitry entitled for the calculation of Harris, Hessian, and difference-of-Gaussian detectors. The overall system can hence be configured by the user to detect interest points by using the algorithm out of these three better suited to practical applications. The paper describes the different kind of algorithms featured and the circuitry employed at top and bottom tiers. The Gaussian pyramid is implemented with a switched-capacitor network in less than 50 μs, outperforming more conventional solutions.
Designing Precoding and Receive Matrices for Interference Alignment in MIMO Interference Channels

Interference is a key bottleneck in wireless communication systems. Interference alignment is a management technique that align interference from other transmitters in the least possibly dimension subspace at each receiver and provides the remaining dimensions for free interference signal. An uncoordinated interference is an example of interference which cannot be aligned coordinately with interference from coordinated part; consequently, the performance of interference alignment approaches are degraded. In this paper, we propose a rank minimization method to enhance the performance of interference alignment in the presence of uncoordinated interference sources. Firstly, to obtain higher multiplexing gain, a new rank minimization based optimization problem is proposed; then, a new class of convex relaxation is introduced which can reduce the optimal value of the problem and obtain lower rank solutions by expanding the feasibility set. Simulation results show that our proposed method can obtain considerably higher multiplexing gain and sum rate than other approaches in the interference alignment framework.
Learning Robust Options

Robust reinforcement learning aims to produce policies that have strong guarantees even in the face of environments/transition models whose parameters have strong uncertainty. Existing work uses value-based methods and the usual primitive action setting. In this paper, we propose robust methods for learning temporally abstract actions, in the framework of options. We present a Robust Options Policy Iteration (ROPI) algorithm with convergence guarantees, which learns options that are robust to model uncertainty. We utilize ROPI to learn robust options with the Robust Options Deep Q Network (RO-DQN) that solves multiple tasks and mitigates model misspecification due to model uncertainty. We present experimental results which suggest that policy iteration with linear features may have an inherent form of robustness when using coarse feature representations. In addition, we present experimental results which demonstrate that robustness helps policy iteration implemented on top of deep neural networks to generalize over a much broader range of dynamics than non-robust policy iteration.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-publication Data Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications Bridging Phylogenetics and Population Genetics with Gene Tree Models

Molecular ecology and evolution: approaches and applications I edited by B. Schierwater . let al.]. -(EXS; 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual case. The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. Summary. Current gene tree models, developed and used by population geneticists for research on natural selection, can also be used to ask questions about the fonnation of species. When these gene tree models are joined with a null model of speciation, a research plan emerges that shows promise of revealing the extent to which genetic variation between populations contributes to the formation of species. The empirical element of this research plan requires that multiple DNA sequences be collected from each of the species investigated, and that these data come from multiple loci. Examples of these models and their application to recent data on the Drosophila melanogaster species complex are given. This report outlines an emergent protocol in evolutionary genetics: the application of genealogical, population genetic models to the inquiry of evolutionary forces (e.g., natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow) associated with the formation of species. On the empirical side the emphasis is on DNA sequence data sets in which multiple sequences have been collected from each of two or more species and for multiple loci. The article by Templeton in this volume addresses similar issues. Simplifying the question-building a model I will outline a reductionist population genetic approach to the study of speciation that, at its core, draws relatively little from many issues in current speciation debates (e.g., sympatric speciation, genetic architec-tures, reinforcement; see articles in Otte and Endler, 1989). Typically, population genetics proceeds by statistical assessments of null models. Despite the fact that these models usually employ manifestly extreme assumptions …
Crowd simulation: realism assessment of interaction models

We are used to interacting with other humans on a daily basis. These can vary from individual people to groups to large crowds and display behaviors on a wide range of scales. Crowd simulation, by modeling all these different interactions (though usually inter-pedestrian relations), aims to offer a better understanding of the mechanics behind these daily behaviors as well as reproduce the resulting, fascinating large-scale patterns. This report first gives a state-of-the-art of existing crowd simulation models and the little work that has been done to evaluate them. It then presents the mechanics behind the framework: ways to use the data, which models have been integrated, the metrics that have been designed and the algorithms that have been defined to calibrate the models. Finally, before concluding, the last chapter aims to describe the resulting framework as well as the preliminary results that have been obtained by using it.
Septic Participation in Cardiogenic Shock: Exposure to Bacterial Endotoxin

Objective: In cardiogenic shock (CS), presence of fever, leukocytosis, relatively low systemic vascular resistances, and high serum procalcitonin levels are quite frequent and recurrently involve the search for an infectious complication. We hypothesized that endotoxin exposure in CS could explain this sepsis-like syndrome. Design and Setting: Prospective observational study of consecutive CS patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were followed during the first 3 days after CS onset. All clinical, hemodynamic, and microbiological data were collected. Inflammatory biomarkers and anti-endotoxin antibodies (IgM EndoCAb) were daily measured. Patients: We included 37 consecutive CS patients. Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-two patients (60%) had body temperature >38.3°C or <35°C; and 23 patients (62%) had a leucocyte count >14,000/mm3 or <4,000/mm3. Microbiological study was performed in 30 patients (81%). No infection was diagnosed in the studied patients. All the patients had serum inflammatory biomarkers levels above normal values including procalcitonin (19 patients [51%] had serum procalcitonin above 2 ng/mL). All the patients had IgM EndoCAb below the normal median value; 22 patients (59.5%) had IgM anti-endotoxin value below 10th percentile range for healthy people. Hemodynamic and respiratory stabilization was achieved in 23 patients (62%) and the ICU mortality rate was 38%, only procalcitonin and interleuquin-6 were associated with higher mortality rate. Conclusion: We have detected extremely low titers of IgM EndoCAb in CS suggesting endotoxin exposure. However, only inflammatory biomarkers were related to ICU mortality.
Effect of long non-coding RNA PVT1 on cell proliferation and migration in melanoma

The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding) (PVT1) in the progression and metastasis of malignant melanoma, and to reveal its possible molecular mechanisms. The expression of lncRNA PVT1 in melanoma tissues and adjacent normal skin from patients with melanoma, and in the melanoma A-375 and sk-mel-5 cell lines, was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The effects of PVT1 expression on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell migration and cell invasion were analyzed using MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell and scratch assays, respectively. The interaction between PVT1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in melanoma cells was analyzed using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The effect of PVT1 on microRNA-200c (miR-200c) expression was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. PVT1 was highly expressed in the melanoma tissues and cells. Silencing of PVT1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage. Additionally, PVT1 silencing significantly decreased the cyclin D1 expression in the melanoma cells. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased and the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was significantly decreased in the PVT1-silenced group. The RIP assay found that endogenous PVT1 was highly enriched by EZH2 RIP compared with that of the negative control. The ChIP assay revealed that the expression of miR-200c was decreased significantly in the PVT1-silenced group compared with the controls. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the lncRNA PVT1 may contribute to the tumorigenesis and metastasis of melanoma through binding to EZH2 and regulating the expression of miR-200c. lncRNA PVT1 may serve as a potential target for the therapy of melanoma.
How much do direct livestock emissions actually contribute to global warming?

Agriculture directly contributes about 10%–12% of current global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, mostly from livestock. However, such percentage estimates are based on global warming potentials (GWPs), which do not measure the actual warming caused by emissions and ignore the fact that methane does not accumulate in the atmosphere in the same way as CO2. Here, we employ a simple carbon cycle‐climate model, historical estimates and future projections of livestock emissions to infer the fraction of actual warming that is attributable to direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions now and in future, and to CO2 from pasture conversions, without relying on GWPs. We find that direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions caused about 19% of the total modelled warming of 0.81°C from all anthropogenic sources in 2010. CO2 from pasture conversions contributed at least another 0.03°C, bringing the warming directly attributable to livestock to 23% of the total warming in 2010. The significance of direct livestock emissions to future warming depends strongly on global actions to reduce emissions from other sectors. Direct non‐CO2 livestock emissions would contribute only about 5% of the warming in 2100 if emissions from other sectors increase unabated, but could constitute as much as 18% (0.27°C) of the warming in 2100 if global CO2 emissions from other sectors are reduced to near or below zero by 2100, consistent with the goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C. These estimates constitute a lower bound since indirect emissions linked to livestock feed production and supply chains were not included. Our estimates demonstrate that expanding the mitigation potential and realizing substantial reductions of direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions through demand and supply side measures can make an important contribution to achieve the stringent mitigation goals set out in the Paris Agreement, including by increasing the carbon budget consistent with the 1.5°C goal.
Data and text mining Figure mining for biomedical research

Motivation: Figures from biomedical articles contain valuable information difficult to reach without specialized tools. Currently, there is no search engine that can retrieve specific figure types. Results: This study describes a retrieval method that takes advantage of principles in image understanding, text mining and optical character recognition (OCR) to retrieve figure types defined conceptually. A search engine was developed to retrieve tables and figure types to aid computational and experimental research. Availability: http://iossifovlab.cshl. edu/figurome/ Contact: raul.rodriguez-esteban@pfizer.com
Wilms Tumor 1b defines a wound-specific sheath cell subpopulation associated with notochord repair

Regenerative therapy for degenerative spine disorders requires the identification of cells that can slow down and possibly reverse degenerative processes. Here, we identify a novel and unanticipated wound-specific notochord sheath cell subpopulation that expresses Wilms Tumor (WT) 1b following injury. Using live imaging in zebrafish, we show that localized damage leads to Wt1b expression in the sheath, and that wt1b+ cells migrate into the wound to form a stopper-like structure, likely to maintain structural integrity. At the wound wt1b+ and entpd5+ cells constitute distinct subpopulations, and mark the site of an extra vertebra that forms in an untypical manner via a cartilage intermediate. Surprisingly, wt1b+ cells become closely associated with the chordacentra and sustain wt1b expression for over 35 days during vertebra formation. Given that remnants of notochord cells remain in the adult intervertebral disc, the identification of novel subpopulations may have important implications for regenerative treatments for spine disorders. Highlights Notochord injury triggers wound-specific expression of wt1b in novel sheath subpopulation WT1b notochord sheath cells fill injury site and form stopper-like structure WT1b subpopulation marks site of a new vertebra that forms via a cartilage intermediate WT1b wound-specific subpopulation perdures throughout and after vertebra repair
Geographical routing using partial information for wireless ad hoc networks

This paper presents an algorithm for routing in wireless and ad hoc networks using information regarding the geographic location of the nodes. The algorithm, which is a new type of distributed, adaptive and asynchronous algorithm, is known as a geographical routing algorithm (GRA). The authors describe the GRA, and discuss it in relation to other routing algorithms in the literature. A system model and a problem statement are presented. Issues related to position information inaccuracy and inconsistency, and mobility are discussed, along with simulation results.
Patellar reconstruction following previous patellectomy: a review of the literature and a case series using distal femoral autograft during total knee arthroplasty

ABSTRACT During total knee arthroplasty, the reconstruction of the patella following a previous patellectomy is challenging, and is undertaken to improve functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. In this case series, we have reconstructed the patella using a femoral condyle resected during total knee arthroplasty. The resected femoral condyle with best available bone stock is selected and secured to the extensor mechanism. We reviewed the preoperative indications and postoperative outcomes of two patients who underwent the above procedure at our Institute, and compared this to the literature. The cases include a 68‐year old male (6 months follow‐up) who sustained a multi‐fragmentary fracture of his right patella and underwent a patellectomy 30 years previously, and a 45‐year old female (4 years follow‐up) who underwent a left‐sided patellectomy 15 years previously following polytrauma. As a result of progressive osteoarthritis they required total knee arthroplasty, and simultaneous patella reconstruction with a femoral condyle autograft. Compared to their preoperative range of motion, both patients demonstrated an improvement post‐operatively with successful pain‐free knee function, with no radiological signs of graft resorption. In this limited, small series we have reported two patients who are clinically and functionally satisfied by the outcome of surgery, with comparable outcomes to alternative methods. We believe the use of a femoral condyle autograft for patellar reconstruction is a safe and simple technique that optimises knee kinematics, without associated donor morbidity.
Potential of Human Nucleus Pulposus-Like Cells Derived From Umbilical Cord to Treat Degenerative Disc Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common spinal disorder that manifests with neck and lower back pain caused by the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). Currently, there is no treatment to cure this debilitating ailment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells (NPCs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to restore degenerated IVDs using a rabbit DDD model. METHODS NPCs differentiated from MSCs were characterized using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical analysis. MSCs and NPCs were labeled with fluorescent dye, PKH26, and transplanted into degenerated IVDs of a rabbit model of DDD (n = 9 each). Magnetic resonance imaging of the IVDs was performed before and after IVD degeneration, and following cell transplantation. IVDs were extracted 8 wk post-transplantation and analyzed by various biochemical, immunohistological, and molecular techniques. RESULTS NPC derivatives of MSCs expressed known NP-specific genes, SOX9, ACAN, COL2, FOXF1, and KRT19. Transplanted cells survived, dispersed, and integrated into the degenerated IVDs. IVDs augmented with NPCs showed significant improvement in the histology, cellularity, sulfated glycosaminoglycan and water contents of the NP. In addition, expression of human genes, SOX9, ACAN, COL2, FOXF1, KRT19, PAX6, CA12, and COMP, as well as proteins, SOX9, ACAN, COL2, and FOXF1, suggest NP biosynthesis due to transplantation of NPCs. Based on these results, a molecular mechanism for NP regeneration was proposed. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrating feasibility and efficacy of NPCs to regenerate NP should spur interest for clinical studies to treat DDD using cell therapy.