Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pidgin : Types for safe and natural multi-language interoperation Qualifying Exam

Bridging code between different languages usually require s the use of foreign function interfaces (FFIs). While FFIs and to ols that generate bindings between different peering language s exist, using them often produces code that remains low-level, unsa fe, and unnatural. This paper presents Pidgin, a formal language with unifying type system that allows us to model and reason about interope rability between multiple interoperating programming language s. This language extends the simply typed λ calculus withlanguage contexts, a foreignembedterm, opaque foreign value packingandunpackingterms, andhandle types . We then prove its soundness. We then present a sketch of a tool based upon the Pidgin language. It generates type-safe glue code using existing part s of the Java and OCaml FFIs. We focus on creating safe, high-level, a nd natural interfaces that need only rely upon the target langu ge’s native type-checker.
Calculating optimal trajectories from contact transitions

The learning-from-demonstration method is considered for a novel robot-programming style. It consists of two parts: 1) to recognize human performance from observation as sequential motion primitives; and 2) to execute the same performance. We (2000) have proposed a method to recognize assembly tasks. However, the execution requires the ability to convert motion primitives to collision free paths. In this paper, we describe a method to calculate collision free paths. Many researchers have proposed to calculate collision free paths using analytical methods, potential fields or probabilistic methods. Potential and probabilistic methods are very powerful tools on a computer, but their solutions are not optimal. We propose a method to calculate optimal collision free paths analytically.
Cognitive Preserving Information in Neural Transmission

Along most neural pathways, the spike trains transmitted from one neuron to the next are altered. In the process, neurons can either achieve a more efficient stimulus representation, or extract some biologically important stimulus parameter, or succeed at both. We recorded the inputs from single retinal ganglion cells and the outputs from connected lateral geniculate neurons in the macaque to examine how visual signals are relayed from retina to cortex. We found that geniculate neurons re-encoded multiple temporal stimulus features to yield output spikes that carried more information about stimuli than was available in each input spike. The coding transformation of some relay neurons occurred with no decrement in information rate, despite output spike rates that averaged half the input spike rates. This preservation of transmitted information was achieved by the short-term summation of inputs that geniculate neurons require to spike. A reduced model of the retinal and geniculate visual responses, based on two stimulus features and their associated nonlinearities, could account for 85% of the total information available in the spike trains and the preserved information transmission. These results apply to neurons operating on a single time-varying input, suggesting that synaptic temporal integration can alter the temporal receptive field properties to create a more efficient representation of visual signals in the thalamus than the retina.
Improved link-based cluster ensembles

Cluster ensembles have been shown to be better than any standard clustering algorithm at improving accuracy. This meta-learning formalism helps users to overcome the dilemma of selecting an appropriate technique and the parameters for that technique, given a set of data. It has proven effective for many problem domains, especially microarray data analysis. Among different state-of-the-art methods, the link-based approach (LCE) recently introduced by [22], [23] provides a highly accurate clustering. This paper presents the improvement of LCE with a new link-based similarity measure being developed and engaged. Additional information that is already available in a network is included in the similarity assessment. As such, this refinement can increase the quality of the measures, hence the resulting cluster decision. The performance of this improved LCE is evaluated on synthetic and UCI benchmark datasets, in comparison with the original and several well-known cluster ensemble techniques. The findings suggest that the new model can improve the accuracy of LCE and performs better than the others investigated in the empirical study.
Performance Evaluation of the SSD-Based Swap System for Big Data Processing

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are quickly replacing HDDs not only in laptops but also in servers. Since SSD uses semiconductor, i.e., NAND flash memory, as its storage medium, it locates itself between memory and storage: it is faster but more expensive than HDD, and slower but cheaper than DRAM. Meanwhile, big data processing systems require both faster storage and larger memory. While lots of works have been conducted on evaluating the performance enhancement in big data processing systems by replacing HDD with SSD, the effect of SSD as a simple memory extension, i.e., Swap device, has not been studied, sufficiently. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using SSD as a swap device for big data processing systems through extensive experiments. Experimental results show that 1) incredibly large amount of IO's are issued to swap device when the physical memory cannot accommodate all data for processing, 2) SSD processes IO's to a swap device significantly faster than HDD, 3) using SSD as a storage device is a far better choice than using it as a swap device, and 4) enterprise SSD is not cost effective when it is used as a swap device.
Teaching Note—Innovations in Teaching Research: Learning by Doing

ABSTRACT The field of social work recognizes the need to evaluate one’s practice. Social work educators are mandated to prepare students to evaluate their own practices and be knowledgeable consumers of research. The goal of being competent in both of these is often challenged by the fact that many students do not initially understand the relationship between research and effective practice upon entering research classes. This Teaching Note was written to describe innovative techniques in a practice research course. This course uses innovative teaching practices including the use of freely available statistical software to teach students to analyze their data visually, descriptively, and statistically within the context of their practice evaluation projects that are conducted in vivo.
The Value of Luxury: Social, individual and functional dimensions.

This paper intends to analyze the importance of the perception of the value of luxury in three dimensions: social, individual and functional, in the probability of buying a luxury brand. In line with this, a set of constructs including the three dimensions is considered. The dimensions considered are: brand prestige (social value), brand distinctiveness and brand attractiveness (social and individual values) and brand coherence (functional value). To measure the perception of the value of luxury and its impact in the probability of buying a luxury brand, a quantitative methodology was used. A survey was developed and data was collected through an online questionnaire about the perceptions of consumers on Chanel - a well-known luxury brand. The proposed model was estimated using Logistic Regression of the probability of buying Chanel considering a set of pre-defined variables: socio-demographic variables and brand coherence, brand prestige, brand distinctiveness and brand attractiveness. The results show that brand prestige and brand attractiveness increase the probability of purchase Chanel. Regarding the socio-demographic variables considered the results show that only the income influences the probability of buying Chanel. This research is important to the development of luxury brand management because the answers of the respondents are considered only if the they are consumers of the brand (buyers) and if they show a strong attachment to the brand as well as recognition for its prestige and attractiveness. Taking into account that previous studies regarding luxury buying behavior have a major focus on social issues, the innovativeness of this research is the conjunction of the three dimensions of the perceptions of the consumers – individual, social and functional – to explain the buying behavior of luxury brands.
Changes in sensed dis/continuity in the development of student teachers throughout teacher education

Abstract Initiatives aimed at supporting student teachers for entering and staying in the teaching profession require a better understanding of the nature of student teachers’ development as it unfolds during teacher education. Accordingly, we focused on changes in the extent to which student teachers perceive and expect dis/continuity in their development during the programme. The design of the study included 25 authentic supervision dialogues/conversations, enabling the analysis of development within and across six student teachers’ developmental trajectories. Findings showed that student teachers’ initial sense of dis/continuity is not necessarily predictive of progress and (un)successful completion of teacher education. Furthermore, sensed dis/continuity varies differently over time in student teachers, both in terms of when it changes as well as in terms of with what types of past perceptions and future expectations these changes occur.
Dynamic Voltage Scaling with Asynchronous Period Adjustment for Embedded Controllers

Due to inherent energy constraints, batterypowered embedded controllers must operate in energy-efficient fashion while guaranteeing required Quality of Control (QoC). Although Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is promising in energy saving, pure DVS schemes don’t take into account the actual resource requirements of the target applications. To reduce energy consumption of embedded controllers executing multiple independent control tasks, a highly cost-effective DVS approach that exploits asynchronous period adjustment is presented. The sampling period of each control task is dynamically adjusted in every execution period of the relevant loop, using a dead-zone based algorithm. This enables further energy saving over pure DVS schemes, without jeopardizing QoC. Simulation results demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach.
Cognitive Mechanisms & Syntactic Theory : Arguments against Adjuncts in the Lexicon

As a psychologist who studies sentence comprehension and holds a joint appointment in the departments of psychology and linguistics, I have frequent opportunities to observe the interaction, or lack thereof, between the two disciplines. Although cognitive psychology and formal linguistic theory share some common history in Chomsky's (1959) pivotal review of Skinner's (1957) book on language behavior, these two disciplines have not continued to influence one another to the degree one might expect. For example, theoretical developments in syntax have rarely if ever been motivated by an experimental finding about sentence comprehension. In fact, there is good reason for this. I will argue that most psycholinguistic data is irrelevant to formal linguistic theory. Nonetheless, there may be a subset of psycholinguistic data that formal linguists ought to consider. I will attempt to delineate this largely hypothetical subset, using as an example some actual psycholinguistic data on the argument/adjunct distinction. First, let us consider the domains of cognitive psychology and formal linguistic theory. Cognitive psychology encompasses the study of mental representations and the mental operations for manipulating (creating, accessing, etc.) these mental representations. The central goal is the description of a processing system. In the context of sentence comprehension, for example, a cognitive psychologist might develop a theory of syntactic parsing within sentence comprehension that specifies what types of mental representations are involved, what aspects of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge are used to create those mental representations, and so forth. In this chapter, I will consider experimentally-oriented psycholinguists like myself to be cognitive psychologists, regardless of their academic credentials. Formal linguistic theory encompasses the study of what speakers know about their language. The central goal is the development of the simplest and most elegant description of this knowledge (i.e. grammar). By placing a premium on elegance, linguists hope to characterize the properties of the human mind that make language possible and not merely catalogue facts about languages. In addition to elegance, grammars must achieve descriptive adequacy by generating all and only those utterances accepted by native speakers. Descriptive adequacy is evaluated by analyzing human behavior, i.e., linguistic intuitions. However, descriptive adequacy receives somewhat less attention, perhaps because it is difficult to thoroughly evaluate the descriptive adequacy of a grammar for a particular language and completely impossible to fully evaluate its descriptive adequacy for all existing and possible languages—although this is understood to be the ultimate goal. Descriptive adequacy is assessed via …
O legado de Virgínia Leone Bicudo para a sociologia da infância no Brasil

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise do texto “Atitudes dos alunos dos grupos escolares em relação com a cor de seus colegas”, de autoria da socióloga e psicanalista Virgínia Leone Bicudo (1955). Nessa pesquisa, Bicudo analisou o cotidiano escolar e familiar dos alunos, com foco em categorias como raça, gênero e nacionalidade, fornecendo um mapa analítico na perspectiva das ciências sociais para a análise transdisciplinar da infância, transcendendo os limites biológicos e geracionais. Parte-se de uma revisão de literatura sobre a constituição do campo de pesquisas sobre a infância no Brasil e da inserção e contribuições desta autora para a área. Apostamos na hipótese de que o trabalho de Bicudo pode ser lido como um dos primeiros que enfatizaram a singularidade das atitudes raciais infantis, sendo as próprias crianças as principais informantes e participantes, por meio de entrevistas.
An open trial of an anger management treatment in a correctional facility: preliminary effectiveness and predictors of response

ABSTRACT Despite the prevalence of anger management programs in correctional settings, there is mixed support for their effectiveness, and little is known about who benefits most. This preliminary study aimed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of anger management for inmates, and (2) examine baseline psychopathology and midtreatment variables as response predictors. Participants were 30 incarcerated men undergoing 12-session anger management groups. Post-intervention, inmate-reported anger, and disciplinary actions decreased. Increased reported emotion regulation strategies predicted anger reduction.
Ventilator strategies for VV ECMO management with concomitant tracheal injury and H1N1 influenza

Tracheal injury is a rare but highly morbid complication of endotracheal intubation. Recent reviews have advocated conservative management of these injuries without operative intervention. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be a useful tool in non-operative management of tracheal injury in the setting of severe respiratory failure and need for prolonged intubation. We present a morbidly obese 33 year-old-female with H1N1 influenza pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and bacterial super-infection who sustained a post-intubation tracheal injury. Concomitant tracheal injury and acute lung injury pose a difficult ventilation dilemma. This patient was successfully managed by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high frequency oscillator ventilation, proning position and tube thoracostomy. The venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilator management were essential for this patient’s recovery.
Physiological role of Prion Protein in Copper homeostasis and angiogenic mechanisms of endothelial cells

Abstract The Prion Protein (PrP) is mostly known for its role in prion diseases, where its misfolding and aggregation can cause fatal neurodegenerative conditions such as the bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Physiologically, PrP is involved in several processes including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms behind its role remain unclear. PrP, due to its well-described structure, is known to be able to regulate copper homeostasis; however, copper dyshomeostasis can lead to developmental defects. We investigated PrP-dependent regulation of copper homeostasis in human endothelial cells (HUVEC) using an RNA-interference protocol. PrP knockdown did not influence cell viability in silenced HUVEC (PrPKD) compared to control cells, but significantly increased PrPKD HUVEC cells sensitivity to cytotoxic copper concentrations. A reduction of PrPKD cells reductase activity and copper ions transport capacity was observed. Furthermore, PrPKD-derived spheroids exhibited altered morphogenesis and their derived cells showed a decreased vitality 24 and 48 hours after seeding. PrPKD spheroid-derived cells also showed disrupted tubulogenesis in terms of decreased coverage area, tubule length and total nodes number on matrigel, preserving unaltered VEGF receptors expression levels. Our results highlight PrP physiological role in cellular copper homeostasis and in the angiogenesis of endothelial cells.
Translation events in cross-language information retrieval: lexical ambiguity, lexical holes, vocabulary mismatch, and correct translations

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems enable users to formulate queries in their native language to retrieve documents in foreign languages. Because queries and documents in CLIR do not necessarily share the same language, translation is needed before matching can take place. This translation step tends to cause a reduction in the retrieval performance of CLIR as compared to monolingual information retrieval. The prevailing CLIR approach and the focus of this study is query translation. The translation of queries is inherently difficult due to the lack of a one-to-one mapping of a lexical item and its meaning, which creates lexical ambiguity. This, and other translation problems, result in translation errors which impact CLIR performance. To understand the events occurring in cross-language retrieval query translation and the relation of these events to retrieval performance, the study explored the following research questions: (1) What kinds of translation events affect cross-language retrieval? (2) In what way does the presence of certain translation events in query translation affect retrieval performance? The study followed a two-phase multi-method approach. In phase one, a taxonomy of translation events was created through content analysis of queries and their translations in combination with an examination of the literature. In the second and final phase, a subset of the test queries was coded using the taxonomy resulting from phase one. These queries were then used in information retrieval experimentation to assess the impact of the translation events on retrieval performance.
A Private Information Detector for Controlling Circulation of Private Information through Social Networks

A "private information detector (PID)" is described that helps control the circulation of a user's private information through a social network. It checks texts to be posted by the user on a social network and detects potential revelations of private information so that it warns the user or modifies the texts automatically. It can cope with a wide variety of expressions that might be revealing by using public information accessible through the Internet rather than a large knowledge base. Evaluation using about 7000 blog sentences showed that it has reasonably good performance in terms of true and false detection rates.
Sparse regularization for fiber ODF reconstruction: from the suboptimality of $\ell_2$ and $\ell_1$ priors to $\ell_0$

Diffusion MRI is a well established imaging modality providing a powerful way to probe the structure of the white matter non-invasively. Despite its potential, the intrinsic long scan times of these sequences have hampered their use in clinical practice. For this reason, a large variety of methods have been recently proposed to shorten the acquisition times. Among them, spherical deconvolution approaches have gained a lot of interest for their ability to reliably recover the intra-voxel fiber configuration with a relatively small number of data samples. To overcome the intrinsic instabilities of deconvolution, these methods use regularization schemes generally based on the assumption that the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) to be recovered in each voxel is sparse. The well known Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) approach resorts to Tikhonov regularization, based on an l2-norm prior, which promotes a weak version of sparsity. Also, in the last few years compressed sensing has been advocated to further accelerate the acquisitions and l1-norm minimization is generally employed as a means to promote sparsity in the recovered FODs. In this paper, we provide evidence that the use of an l1-norm prior to regularize this class of problems is somewhat inconsistent with the fact that the fiber compartments all sum up to unity. To overcome this l1 inconsistency while simultaneously exploiting sparsity more optimally than through an l2 prior, we reformulate the reconstruction problem as a constrained formulation between a data term and and a sparsity prior consisting in an explicit bound on the l0 norm of the FOD, i.e. on the number of fibers. The method has been tested both on synthetic and real data. Experimental results show that the proposed l0 formulation significantly reduces modeling errors compared to the state-of-the-art l2 and l1 regularization approaches.
Vortex Tracking in Scale-Space

Scale-space techniques have become popular in computer vision for their capability to access the multiscale information inherently contained in images. We show that the field of flow visualization can benefit from these techniques, too, yielding more coherent features and sorting out numerical artifacts as well as irrelevant large-scale features. We describe an implementation of scale-space computation using finite elements and show that performance is sufficient for computing a scale-space of time-dependent CFD data. Feature tracking, if available, allows to process the information provided by scale-space not just visually but also algorithmically. We present a technique for extending a class of feature extraction schemes by an additional dimension, resulting in an efficient solution of the tracking problem.