Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Discrimination Aware Data Mining

With the advent of data mining, in many applications the automated decision making systems are used to make fair decision, but there can be discrimination hidden in the decision made by system. Discrimination refers to treating person or entity unfairly based on their membership to a certain group. Discrimination can be observed not only in social sense but also in data mining. People do not want discrimination on the basis of gender, age, nationality, race etc. and many more; therefore it is important to prevent such discrimination. Discrimination prevention mainly consists of two steps: first is discrimination discovery and second is data transformation. The data transformation follows similar approach to that of data sanitization that is used in privacy preservation. Various discrimination measures can be used to analyze its effect on quality of the original dataset.
Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of p21WAF1/CIP1 Prevents Retinal Neovascularization in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect(s) of adenovirus (Ad) vector-mediated delivery of p21WAF1/CIP1 (Ad-p21) on retinal neovascularization (RNV) in an animal model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods: RNV was determined by examination of retinal fiat mounts and sections postnatal (P) day-17 (P17). Non-perfused retinal areas were analyzed using Image-Pro plus 6.0 software. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to measure mRNA and protein expression of p21 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2. Results: Compared with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Ad-NC group mice, non-perfused retinal areas, neovascularization, and number of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in Ad-p21 group mice were significantly reduced. There were fewer non-perfused retinal areas in Ad-p21 mice than in either PBS or Ad-NC group mice, the differences being significant (F = 101.634; p < 0.05). Levels of p21 mRNA and protein in the Ad-p21 group had increased significantly compared with the other three groups (F = 839.664, 509.817; p < 0.05). Levels of CDK2 mRNA and protein in the Ad-p21 group decreased significantly (F = 301.858, 592.882; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ad-p21 inhibits RNV in OIR. A potential underlying mechanism for this may be that overexpression of p21 arrests the cell cycle at the G1- to S-phase transition via inhibition of CDK2 activity.
Extreme nonfasting remnant cholesterol vs extreme LDL cholesterol as contributors to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 90000 individuals from the general population.

BACKGROUND Increased nonfasting remnant cholesterol, like increased LDL cholesterol, is causally associated with increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD). We tested the hypothesis that extreme concentrations of nonfasting remnant and LDL cholesterol are equal contributors to the risk of IHD, myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality. METHODS We compared stepwise increasing concentrations of nonfasting remnant and LDL cholesterol for association with risk of IHD, MI, and all-cause mortality in approximately 90 000 individuals from the Danish general population. During up to 22 years of complete follow-up, 4435 participants developed IHD, 1722 developed MI, and 8121 died. RESULTS Compared with participants with nonfasting remnant cholesterol <0.5 mmol/L (19.3 mg/dL), hazard ratios for IHD ranged from 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.5) for remnant cholesterol of 0.5-0.99 mmol/L (19.3-38.2 mg/dL) to 2.4 (1.9-2.9) for remnant cholesterol of ≥1.5 mmol/L (58 mg/dL) (P for trend <0.001). Compared with participants with LDL cholesterol <3.0 mmol/L (115.8 mg/dL), hazard ratios for IHD ranged from 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for LDL cholesterol of 3-3.99 mmol/L (115.8-154 mg/dL) to 2.3 (1.9-2.8) for LDL cholesterol of ≥5 mmol/L (193 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). Corresponding hazard ratios for MI ranged from 1.8 (1.4-2.3) to 3.4 (2.5-4.8) for remnant cholesterol (P < 0.001), and from 1.7 (1.4-2.2) to 4.7 (3.5-6.3) for LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001). Nonfasting remnant cholesterol concentrations were associated stepwise with all-cause mortality ranging from hazard ratio 1.0 (0.9-1.1) to 1.6 (1.4-1.9) (P < 0.001), whereas LDL cholesterol concentrations were associated with decreased all-cause mortality risk in a U-shaped pattern, with hazard ratios from 0.8 (0.7-0.8) to 0.9 (0.8-1.0) (P = 0.002). After mutual adjustment, LDL cholesterol best predicted MI, and remnant cholesterol best predicted all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Both lipoproteins were associated equally with risk of IHD and MI; however, only nonfasting remnant cholesterol concentrations were associated stepwise with increased all-cause mortality risk.
Reliability analysis on case-study traffic sign convolutional neural network on APSoC

Deep learning has been widely used to solve computer vision applications such as autonomous cars and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). One of these computer vision applications is traffic sign recognition that plays an essential role in autonomous cars and ADAS. All-Programmable System-on-Chip (APSoC) is an excellent target platform for implementing ADAS applications due to its flexibility. However, as its Programmable Logic (PL) is implemented with SRAM cells and traffic sign recognition is a safety critical application, the reliability under radiation must be analyzed and hardening or mitigation techniques may be required. Thus, random and piled-up fault injections in the APSoC configuration bits were carried out as well as neutron-radiation experiments in order to evaluate the reliability of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Comparison with related work shows that timing-multiplexing neural network architectures present an insignificantly higher Architecture Vulnerability Factor (AVF) than parallel pipelined architectures.
Graphene-based tunable plasmon induced transparency in gold strips

MOHSIN HABIB,1,2,5 ALIREZA RAHIMI RASHED,1,3 EKMEL OZBAY,1,2,4 AND HUMEYRA CAGLAYAN3,* 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey 2Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey 3Laboratory of Photonics, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland 4Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey 5mohsin.habib@bilkent.edu. tr *humeyra.caglayan@tut.fi
Quantitative analysis of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) datasets using pair‐correlation analysis

Pointillistic based super‐resolution techniques, such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), involve multiple cycles of sequential activation, imaging, and precise localization of single fluorescent molecules. A super‐resolution image, having nanoscopic structural information, is then constructed by compiling all the image sequences. Because the final image resolution is determined by the localization precision of detected single molecules and their density, accurate image reconstruction requires imaging of biological structures labeled with fluorescent molecules at high density. In such image datasets, stochastic variations in photon emission and intervening dark states lead to uncertainties in identification of single molecules. This, in turn, prevents the proper utilization of the wealth of information on molecular distribution and quantity. A recent strategy for overcoming this problem is pair‐correlation analysis applied to PALM. Using rigorous statistical algorithms to estimate the number of detected proteins, this approach allows the spatial organization of molecules to be quantitatively described.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of the Low-Immunogenic Antimesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, and new therapies are needed. RG7787 is a novel low-immunogenic antimesothelin recombinant immunotoxin (RIT), engineered to overcome the limitations of SS1P, a RIT now in clinical trials. In vitro activity was evaluated on five established PDAC cell lines (KLM-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Panc 3.014, and PK-1) and on PDAC cells directly established from a patient tumor (GUMC108). RG7787 had subnanomolar IC50s in most cell lines, and was significantly more active than SS1P in GUMC108, KLM-1, and Panc 3.014 cells. GUMC108 was most sensitive, with RG7787 killing >99% of the cells. In a subcutaneous KLM-1 xenograft mouse model, two cycles of 3 × 2.5 mg/kg RG7787 QOD combined with two cycles of 1 × 50 mg/kg paclitaxel induced near-complete responses, with all tumors regressing below 5 mm3 within 30 days after therapy was initiated (>95% decrease) and no significant growth increase for at least another 3 weeks. RG7787 alone gave limited but significant regressions and paclitaxel by itself arrested tumor growth. Quantifying the uptake of Alexa Fluor 647–labeled RG7787 in tumors showed that the RIT reached only 45% of KLM-1 cells, accounting in part for the limited responses. Paclitaxel did not improve RG7787 uptake, which thus cannot explain the beneficial effect of the combination therapy. In conclusion, RG7787 has high cytotoxic activity on PDAC cell lines as well as on primary patient cells. In vivo, this novel RIT gives durable near-complete tumor responses when combined with paclitaxel. RG7787 merits further evaluation for the treatment of PDAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(8); 2040–9. ©2014 AACR.
Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on neuropsychological and motor function in Parkinson’s disease

Interactions between the 5-HT system and the dopaminergic system and cholinergic system may be important in determining cognitive function and motor function in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previous studies have shown effects of reducing serotonin function, by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), on neuropsychological function. In particular, an adverse effect on verbal memory has been demonstrated. This study compared with the effects of ATD on cognitive and motor function in PD and healthy control subjects. The effects of ATD were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, cross-over, randomised design in 20 patients with PD and 35 healthy controls matched for age, gender and premorbid IQ. There was a differential group effect of ATD on global cognitive function whereby the mean score on the modified mini mental state examination during ATD was lower than placebo in PD but higher in controls. There was a similar pattern of effects on verbal recognition. In a visual recognition task, ATD improved performance in the PD but not in the control group. In terms of psychomotor speed, there was also a group-specific effect with reduced latency of response during ATD in the PD group but increased latency in the control group. ATD has subtle neuropsychological effects, which differ significantly between PD and healthy control subjects. This suggests that the dopaminergic and cholinergic deficit of PD significantly modulates the effects of serotonin depletion, resulting in positive effects in some domains. Further investigation on the effects of specific serotonin antagonists may be merited in PD.
The contour method: a new approach in experimental mechanics

The recently developed contour method can measure complex residual-stress maps in situations where other measurement methods cannot. This talk first describes the principle of the contour method. A part is cut in two using a precise and low-stress cutting technique such as electric discharge machining. The contour of the resulting new surface, which will not be flat if residual stresses are relaxed by the cutting, is then measured. Finally, a conceptually simple finite element analysis determines the original residual stresses from the measured contour. Next, this talk gives several examples of applications. The method is validated by comparing with neutron diffraction measurements in an indented steel disk and in a friction stir weld between dissimilar aluminum alloys. Several applications are shown that demonstrate the power of the contour method: large aluminum forgings, railroad rails, and welds. Finally, this talk discusses why the contour method is significant departure from conventional experimental mechanics. Other relaxation method, for example hole-drilling, can only measure a 1-D profile of residual stresses, and yet they require a complicated inverse calculation to determine the stresses from the strain data. The contour method gives a 2-D stress map over a full cross-section, yet a direct calculation is all more » that is needed to reduce the data. The reason for these advantages lies in a subtle but fundamental departure from conventional experimental mechanics. Applying new technology to old methods like will not give similar advances, but the new approach also introduces new errors. « less
A prática do consumo sustentável entre estudantes universitários / The practice of sustainable consumption among college students

E relevante a preocupacao com o consumo excessivo e seus maleficios ao desenvolvimento sustentavel em todo o mundo. Entendendo que nao se pode deixar de consumir, o consumo sustentavel se efetiva, pois leva em consideracao os principios da sustentabilidade. O estudo tem por objetivo analisar os determinantes do consumo sustentavel presentes em estudantes universitarios. O metodo adotado foi a pesquisa quantitativa e o procedimento de levantamento, realizada em duas instituicoes de ensino superior (IES) do Vale do Itajai, em Santa Catarina. O modelo utilizado foi adaptado de Ribeiro e Veiga (2011) e foram pesquisados 290 estudantes do curso de Administracao. Os resultados apontam que a Frugalidade tem um bom poder de explicacao do constructo Consumo Sustentavel, diferentemente da Reciclagem que teve um baixo poder de explicacao. Palavras chave: Consumo sustentavel; Reciclagem; Frugalidade.
Seasonal influenza in the United States, France, and Australia: transmission and prospects for control

SUMMARY Recurrent epidemics of influenza are observed seasonally around the world with considerable health and economic consequences. A key quantity for the control of infectious diseases is the reproduction number, which measures the transmissibility of a pathogen and determines the magnitude of public health interventions necessary to control epidemics. Here we applied a simple epidemic model to weekly indicators of influenza mortality to estimate the reproduction numbers of seasonal influenza epidemics spanning three decades in the United States, France, and Australia. We found similar distributions of reproduction number estimates in the three countries, with mean value 1·3 and important year-to-year variability (range 0·9–2·1). Estimates derived from two different mortality indicators (pneumonia and influenza excess deaths and influenza-specific deaths) were in close agreement for the United States (correlation=0·61, P<0·001) and France (correlation=0·79, P<0·001), but not Australia. Interestingly, high prevalence of A/H3N2 influenza viruses was associated with high transmission seasons (P=0·006), while B viruses were more prevalent in low transmission seasons (P=0·004). The current vaccination strategy targeted at people at highest risk of severe disease outcome is suboptimal because current vaccines are poorly immunogenic in these population groups. Our results suggest that interrupting transmission of seasonal influenza would require a relatively high vaccination coverage (>60%) in healthy individuals who respond well to vaccine, in addition to periodic re-vaccination due to evolving viral antigens and waning population immunity.
Skala Experience in Close Relationships-Revised: Struktura, rzetelność oraz skrócona wersja skali w polskiej próbie

The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised is one of the most popular self-report instruments assessing adult attachment in the sphere of avoidance and anxiety. Although the scale is used in Poland, its psychometric properties are not sufficiently documented. In the study, we set out to: estimate the psychometric properties of the scale, controlling for the common method variance (method bias); and introduce a short version of the scale. The sample was composed of 781 adults between the age of 16 and 81. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported two-factorial ECR-R structure indicating problems with low factor loadings, which deteriorated even more after controlling for the common method variance. On the basis of the content of the items and their psychometric properties we proposed a short 16-item form of the ECR-R scale which revealed a good model fit and factor loadings. However, the effects of the common method variance on factor loadings and the avoidance-anxiety relation were found to be substantial. The results revealed that the relation between avoidance and anxiety was due to the shared method variance and not to the attachment itself. The issues concerning the construction of attachment self-report scales are discussed along with practical implications for the further use of the ECR-R scale in Poland, named as the DBZ-R (36-items) or the DBZ-RS (the short version).
Serum relaxin‐3 hormone relationship to male delayed puberty

Puberty is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, a process encompassing morphological, physiological and behavioural development to attain full reproductive capability. This study aimed to assess serum relaxin‐3 hormone relationship with male delayed puberty. Sixty males were investigated as two equal groups: males with delayed puberty and healthy matched males as controls. They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and estimation of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, relaxin‐3 hormonal levels. The results showed that the secondary sexual characters in the patients group were at Tanner stages 1–2 and in the healthy controls at Tanner stages 3–5. The mean BMI in the patients group was significantly increased, whereas the mean levels of the span, testicular volume, serum LH, FSH, testosterone as well as relaxin‐3 hormonal levels were significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls. Serum relaxin‐3 levels showed significant positive correlation with the age, testis volume, span, Tanner stages, serum testosterone, FSH, LH hormones. In addition, serum relaxin‐3 levels showed significant negative correlation with BMI. It is concluded that serum level of relaxin‐3 hormone is an important mediator in the pathophysiological process of normal puberty being significantly decreased in males with delayed puberty.
Stage of Change Discrepancies among Individuals with Dementia and Caregivers

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change outlines a five-step categorization of stages that delineate an individual’s readiness to alter a behavior. This model has been used as a basis for understanding the behavioral change process and for tailoring interventions (e.g., smoking cessation and weight management). Little research exists, however, applying the TTM to behaviors among individuals with dementia (IWD) and their caregivers (CGs). Unlike many other behavior changes, the changes associated with adapting to and coping with dementia often rely on changes in both the CG and the IWD. Based on this cooperative aspect of the IWD/CG dyad, it was hypothesized that larger dyad discrepancies would predict poorer psychosocial well-being, as measured by depression, anxiety, quality of life, and relationship strain. This hypothesis, however, was not supported. This paper will discuss the literature to date, the psychometric testing of a novel Readiness to Change measure in this population, and future directions for this field.
E-procurement system success factors and their impact on transparency perceptions: perspectives from the supplier side

In an effort to fight corruption, the Indonesian government has put e-procurement as one of the strategic programs among the seven flagships of the National Information Technology Council (DETIKNAS). One very successful developer of an e-procurement system is the Public Procurement Policy Institution, or Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP), with 731 government agencies and 333,452 suppliers accessing LKPP's system. This study was conducted to analyse the determinants of an e-procurement system's success as well as its impact on perceived transparency from the supplier's perspective. This study answers both questions by applying a covariance-based structural equation modelling approach to analyse the survey data of 157 respondents. This study finds that only system quality, service quality, regulation, trust, user satisfaction, and perceived benefits determine an e-procurement system's success. However, only trust in an e-procurement system predominantly affects perceived transparency.
Study of the footprints of short-term variation in XCO<sub>2</sub> observed by TCCON sites using NIES and FLEXPART atmospheric transport models

Abstract. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) that record near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the sun. From these spectra, accurate and precise observations of CO2 column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (denoted XCO2) are retrieved. TCCON FTS observations have previously been used to validate satellite estimations of XCO2; however, our knowledge of the short-term spatial and temporal variations in XCO2 surrounding the TCCON sites is limited. In this work, we use the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Eulerian three-dimensional transport model and the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM) to determine the footprints of short-term variations in XCO2 observed by operational, past, future and possible TCCON sites. We propose a footprint-based method for the collocation of satellite and TCCON XCO2 observations and estimate the performance of the method using the NIES model and five GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) XCO2 product data sets. Comparison of the proposed approach with a standard geographic method shows a higher number of collocation points and an average bias reduction up to 0.15 ppm for a subset of 16 stations for the period from January 2010 to January 2014. Case studies of the Darwin and Reunion Island sites reveal that when the footprint area is rather curved, non-uniform and significantly different from a geographical rectangular area, the differences between these approaches are more noticeable. This emphasises that the collocation is sensitive to local meteorological conditions and flux distributions.
An automatic 3 D facial landmarking algorithm using 2 D Gabor Wavelets

In this paper we present a novel approach to automatic 3D facial landmarking using 2D Gabor wavelets. Our algorithm considers the face to be a surface and uses map projections to derive 2D features from raw data. Extracted features include texture, relief map and transformations thereof. We extend an established 2D landmarking method for simultaneous evaluation of these data. The method is validated by performing landmarking experiments on two data sets using 21 landmarks and compared to an active shape model implementation. On average, landmarking error for our method was 1.9mm whereas the active shape model resulted in an average landmarking error of 2.3mm. A second study investigating facial shape heritability in related individuals concludes that automatic landmarking is on par with manual landmarking for some landmarks. Our algorithm can be trained in 30 minutes to automatically landmark 3D facial data sets of any size, and allows for fast and robust landmarking of 3D faces.