Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensing data discrete wavelet fusion for pattern recognition with qualitative and quantitative measuring

Sensing data fusion has various types of real world applications in fields of weather forecasting, environmental surveillance, medical diagnosis, information assurance, space exploration and national security. Image fusion acts as a primary approach of data fusion. For similar images, some unique patterns occur within each individual one. There are some typical image fusion techniques, either area based or feature based The feature-based approach is efficient and robust to handle multi-sensor image fusion with little rotation or translation, or the image has to be aligned beforehand. The area-based approach has no strict requirement on rotation or translation, but lack of robustness. A combination of two approaches is thus required. In this article, wavelet fusion is presented to analyze the effect of image fusion. Except for qualitative measures, quantitative measures are also proposed to evaluate image fusion. In particular, 2D discrete wavelet transform is used to both decompose images and reconstruct original images using the approximation, horizontal detail, vertical detail and diagonal detail components from the input images. At the same time, quantitative measures are used to evaluate the quality of the 2D wavelet transform and wavelet fusion, where gray level energy, discrete entropy and relative entropy and mutual information are applied.
AltitudeOmics: The Integrative Physiology of Human Acclimatization to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Its Retention upon Reascent

An understanding of human responses to hypoxia is important for the health of millions of people worldwide who visit, live, or work in the hypoxic environment encountered at high altitudes. In spite of dozens of studies over the last 100 years, the basic mechanisms controlling acclimatization to hypoxia remain largely unknown. The AltitudeOmics project aimed to bridge this gap. Our goals were 1) to describe a phenotype for successful acclimatization and assess its retention and 2) use these findings as a foundation for companion mechanistic studies. Our approach was to characterize acclimatization by measuring changes in arterial oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration [Hb], acute mountain sickness (AMS), cognitive function, and exercise performance in 21 subjects as they acclimatized to 5260 m over 16 days. We then focused on the retention of acclimatization by having subjects reascend to 5260 m after either 7 (n = 14) or 21 (n = 7) days at 1525 m. At 16 days at 5260 m we observed: 1) increases in arterial oxygenation and [Hb] (compared to acute hypoxia: PaO2 rose 9±4 mmHg to 45±4 while PaCO2 dropped a further 6±3 mmHg to 21±3, and [Hb] rose 1.8±0.7 g/dL to 16±2 g/dL; 2) no AMS; 3) improved cognitive function; and 4) improved exercise performance by 8±8% (all changes p<0.01). Upon reascent, we observed retention of arterial oxygenation but not [Hb], protection from AMS, retention of exercise performance, less retention of cognitive function; and noted that some of these effects lasted for 21 days. Taken together, these findings reveal new information about retention of acclimatization, and can be used as a physiological foundation to explore the molecular mechanisms of acclimatization and its retention.
ATTED-II in 2018: A Plant Coexpression Database Based on Investigation of the Statistical Property of the Mutual Rank Index

Abstract ATTED-II (http://atted.jp) is a coexpression database for plant species to aid in the discovery of relationships of unknown genes within a species. As an advanced coexpression analysis method, multispecies comparisons have the potential to detect alterations in gene relationships within an evolutionary context. However, determining the validity of comparative coexpression studies is difficult without quantitative assessments of the quality of coexpression data. ATTED-II (version 9) provides 16 coexpression platforms for nine plant species, including seven species supported by both microarray- and RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based coexpression data. Two independent sources of coexpression data enable the assessment of the reproducibility of coexpression. The latest coexpression data for Arabidopsis (Ath-m.c7-1 and Ath-r.c3-0) showed the highest reproducibility (Jaccard coefficient = 0.13) among previous coexpression data in ATTED-II. We also investigated the statistical basis of the mutual rank (MR) index as a coexpression measure by bootstrap sampling of experimental units. We found that the error distribution of the logit-transformed MR index showed normality with equal variances for each coexpression platform. Because the MR error was strongly correlated with the number of samples for the coexpression data, typical confidence intervals for the MR index can be estimated for any coexpression platform. These new, high-quality coexpression data can be analyzed with any tool in ATTED-II and combined with external resources to obtain insight into plant biology.
Israeli Education Policy since 1948 and the State of Arab Education in Israel

This paper analyses Israeli policy towards Arab education in Israel and its consequences. Drawing upon literature on the colonial nation-state, and ethnic indigenous minorities, the study distinguishes three educational policy shifts since 1948: (1) Arab education under military administration until 1966 (2) the policy of integration 1967-1991 (3) the peace process since 1992, the quest for autonomy and Arab education's present 'on hold' status. Using the analytical framework suggested by Hodgson and Spours (2006), I first analyse political eras; then describe the state of the education system, the policy-making process and its consequences for the educational space and system outcomes. These concepts and methods are used to narrate historical developments of the Palestinian Arab education system in Israel, to critique state policy-making and identify future challenges. The findings demonstrate contingent relations between ethnicity and the state. The paper concludes by discussing existing educational policies and suggesting recommendations for the future.
Programming parallel algorithms

In the past 20 years there have been a huge number of algorithms designed for parallel computers, most which have been designed for one of the variants of the Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM) model. Unfortunately there has been limited progress in getting practical implementations of the algorithms on any real parallel machine. Although discrepancies between the PRAM model and actual implementations of parallel machines (particularly as regards communication costs) has played a part in this lack of progress, another sig-niicant problem is the lack of good programming languages. With the languages that come with existing parallel machines it can be a major project to implement a simple algorithm, and once implemented the code is unlikely to port to any other parallel machine. This paper describes a data-parallel language, Nesl, designed for programming parallel algorithms. Nesl currently runs on the Connection Machine CM-2 and the Cray Y-MP, and generates reasonably eecient code for both machines. The paper gives several examples of simple algorithms implemented in the language. All examples include the full code and run on both the CM-2 and Cray Y-MP.
Overall survival (OS) and safety of dasatinib/docetaxel versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Results from the randomized phase III READY trial.

LBA8 Background: SRC kinases may contribute to androgen independence of mCRPC.Dasatinib (DAS) inhibits tyrosine kinases including SRC kinases with preclinical evidence for antimetastatic activity, inhibition of osteoclast function in tumor microenvironment, and synergistic activity with docetaxel (D). In phase I/II trials of mCRPC patients (pts), DAS in combination with D had an acceptable safety profile with objective response rates (ORR) improved over historical data and decreased levels of bone turnover markers. METHODS READY was a multinational, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III study. Pts with mCRPC (n = 1,522) were randomized (1:1) to receive either D 75 mg/m2q3wk + prednisone with double-blinded DAS 100 mg qd (DAS/D, n = 762) or placebo (PBO/D, n = 760). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were ORR, time to first skeletal-related event (TFSRE), time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TPSAP), urinary N-telopeptide (uNTX) reduction, pain reduction, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. RESULTS No OS difference between DAS/D and PBO/D (median, 21.5 vs. 21.2 mos; hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; log-rank P = 0.90) was observed. Results of secondary endpoints for DAS/D vs. PBO/D were: ORR (30.5 vs. 31.9%); TFSRE (median, not reached vs. 31.1 mos; HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.64-1.02]); uNTX reduction (66.0 vs. 60.6%); PFS (median, 11.8 vs. 11.1 mos; HR, 0.92); TPSAP (median, 8.0 vs. 7.6 mos; HR, 0.91), and pain reduction (66.6 vs. 71.5%). Twenty-three percent of DAS/D and 14% of PBO/D pts received therapy for <3 mos. Most common AEs in DAS/D arm included diarrhea, fatigue, alopecia, and nausea. Grade 3-4 AEs of interest for DAS/D vs. PBO/D included anemia (8.0 vs.5.9%), neutropenia (6.2 vs. 5.5%), hypocalcemia (3.5 vs.3.1%), GI bleeding (2.6 vs.1.3%), and pleural effusion (1.3 vs. 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS The addition of DAS to standard-of-care chemotherapy in mCRPC pts did not improve OS. There was a modest reduction in the risk of TFSRE with DAS/D vs. PBO/D. With a median follow-up of 19 mos of 761 DAS/D-treated pts, no unexpected toxicities for DAS were observed. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT00744497.
Development and Large-Scale Validation of an Instrument to Assess Arabic-Speaking Students' Attitudes Toward Science

This study is part of a large-scale project focused on ‘Qatari students' Interest in, and Attitudes toward, Science’ (QIAS). QIAS aimed to gauge Qatari student attitudes toward science in grades 3–12, examine factors that impact these attitudes, and assess the relationship between student attitudes and prevailing modes of science teaching in Qatari schools. This report details the development and validation of the ‘Arabic-Speaking Students' Attitudes toward Science Survey’ (ASSASS), which was specifically developed for the purposes of the QIAS project. The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRAPB) [Ajzen, I. , & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173–221). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum] guided the instrument development. Development and validation of the ASSASS proceeded in 3 phases. First, a 10-member expert panel examined an initial pool of 74 items, which were revised and consolidated into a 60-item version of the instrument. This version was piloted with 369 Qatari students from the target schools and grade levels. Analyses of pilot data resulted in a refined version of the ASSASS, which was administered to a national probability sample of 3027 participants representing all students enrolled in grades 3–12 in the various types of schools in Qatar. Of the latter, 1978 students completed the Arabic version of the instrument. Analyses supported a robust, 5-factor model for the instrument, which is consistent with the TRAPB framework. The factors were: Attitudes toward science and school science, unfavorable outlook on science, control beliefs about ability in science, behavioral beliefs about the consequences of engaging with science, and intentions to pursue science.
Stress Resistance and Longevity Are Not Directly Linked to Levels of Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Ponerine Ant Harpegnathos saltator

Background The molecular mechanisms of variations in individual longevity are not well understood, even though longevity can be increased substantially by means of diverse experimental manipulations. One of the factors supposed to be involved in the increase of longevity is a higher stress resistance. To test this hypothesis in a natural system, eusocial insects such as bees or ants are ideally suited. In contrast to most other eusocial insects, ponerine ants show a peculiar life history that comprises the possibility to switch during adult life from a normal worker to a reproductive gamergate, therewith increasing their life expectancy significantly. Results We show that increased resistance against major stressors, such as reactive oxygen species and infection accompanies the switch from a life-history trait with normal lifespan to one with a longer life expectancy. A short period of social isolation was sufficient to enhance stress resistance of workers from the ponerine ant species Harpegnathos saltator significantly. All ant groups with increased stress resistances (reproducing gamergates and socially isolated workers) have lower catalase activities and glutathione levels than normal workers. Therewith, these ants resemble the characteristics of the youngest ants in the colony. Conclusions Social insects with their specific life history including a switch from normal workers to reproducing gamergates during adult life are well suited for ageing research. The regulation of stress resistance in gamergates seemed to be modified compared to foraging workers in an economic way. Interestingly, a switch towards more stress resistant animals can also be induced by a brief period of social isolation, which may already be associated with a shift to a reproductive trajectory. In Harpegnathos saltator, stress resistances are differently and potentially more economically regulated in reproductive individuals, highlighting the significance of reproduction for an increase in longevity in social insects. As already shown for other organisms with a long lifespan, this trait is not directly coupled to higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
Improvement of activity recognition for child growth monitoring system at kindergarten

Activity recognition is possible to be used to understand behavior of infants and effective for health and development of children. In our previous study, action of children were assumed as sleeping, sitting, hand motion, walking, running, and playing. Revise of action items were, however, required because it was difficult to calculate calorie consumption in the previous. In this study, 11 action items are newly assumed, and accuracies of the activity recognition were investigated. As a result, accuracies of 4 items among 11 items were improved over than 60%, although accuracies of other 7 items were less than 60%.
NEUTRINOS FROM FALLBACK ONTO NEWLY FORMED NEUTRON STARS

In the standard supernova picture, Type Ib/c and Type II supernovae are powered by the potential energy released in the collapse of the core of a massive star. In studying supernovae, we primarily focus on the ejecta that makes it beyond the potential well of the collapsed core. But, as we shall show in this paper, in most supernova explosions a tenth of a solar mass or more of the ejecta is decelerated enough that it does not escape the potential well of that compact object. This material falls back onto the proto-neutron star within the first 10–15 s after the launch of the explosion, releasing more than 1052 erg of additional potential energy. Most of this energy is emitted in the form of neutrinos and we must understand this fallback neutrino emission if we are to use neutrino observations to study the behavior of matter at high densities. Here we present both a one-dimensional study of fallback using energy-injected, supernova explosions and a first study of neutrino emission from fallback using a suite of two-dimensional simulations.
Challenges to Providing Performance Isolation in Transactional Memories

Due to the inevitability of chip multiprocessors and the difficulty of parallel software development, there has been widespread interest in techniques that facilitate parallel programming. Recently, there have been a number of proposals regarding hardware support for transactional programming models. A key advantage of transactional programming models over lock-based synchronization is that two critical sections may be executed in parallel if they do not conflict, without the programmer needing to implement fine-grain locking. In effect, transaction hardware provides an implicit system-wide lock that is speculatively elided. In this paper, we identify three factors that allow one process to impact the performance of other concurrently running, independent processes to a degree not present in traditional (non-transactional) multiprocessors: (1) forward progress is defined in terms of user-specified transactions (rather than instructions), (2) inefficiencies in verifying the independence of critical sections with large data footprints, and (3) subsumption of kernel execution in user-mode transactions. We describe and discuss specific problematic scenarios in the context of existing transactional hardware proposals. We believe these scenarios should be considered in architecting a robust transactional-based system.
The nucleoporin Nup 188 controls passage of membrane proteins across the nuclear pore complex

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 189 No. 7 1129–1142 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200912045 JCB 1129 Correspondence to Wolfram Antonin: wolfram.antonin@tuebingen.mpg. de Abbreviations used in this paper: INM, inner nuclear membrane; LBR, lamin B receptor; MISTIC, membrane-integrating sequence for translation of integral membrane protein constructs; NE, nuclear envelope; NPC, nuclear pore complex; ONM, outer nuclear membrane; TEV, tobacco etch virus. Introduction
Variability of Bacterial Vaginosis Over 6- to 12-Month Intervals

Objectives: To examine variability in bacterial vaginosis (BV) over 6- to 12-month intervals. Study Design: One thousand one hundred ninety-three women were followed for a median of 3 years with serial vaginal swab Gram stains for BV. Discrete time hazard models were fit to identify independent risk factors for BV. Results: Women with BV at study entry were categorized as having normal flora at the next visit 20% of the time, and women with normal flora at study entry were categorized as having BV at the next visit 20% of the time. Among women with initially normal flora, factors associated with BV were black race, lower education, a history of BV, a history of chlamydial/gonococcal cervicitis, and lack of monogamy. Conclusion: About one fifth of women with normal flora develop BV over a given 6- to 12-month interval, and the modifiable risk factors of cervicitis and lack of monogamy contribute to the development of BV.
Ecosystem Screening Approach for Pathogen-Associated Microorganisms Affecting Host Disease

ABSTRACT The microbial community in which a pathogen evolves is fundamental to disease outcome. Species interacting with a pathogen on the host surface shape the distribution, density, and genetic diversity of the inoculum, but the role of these species is rarely determined. The screening method developed here can be used to characterize pathogen-associated species affecting disease. This strategy involves three steps: (i) constitution of the microbial community, using the pathogen as a trap; (ii) community selection, using extracts from the pathogen as the sole nutrient source; and (iii) molecular identification and the screening of isolates focusing on their effects on the growth of the pathogen in vitro and host disease. This approach was applied to a soilborne plant pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica, structured in a biofilm, for screening the microbial community from the rhizosphere of Nicotiana tabacum (the host). Two of the characterized eukaryotes interfered with the oomycete cycle and may affect the host disease. A Vorticella species acted through a mutualistic interaction with P. parasitica, disseminating pathogenic material by leaving the biofilm. A Phoma species established an amensal interaction with P. parasitica, strongly suppressing disease by inhibiting P. parasitica germination. This screening method is appropriate for all nonobligate pathogens. It allows the definition of microbial species as promoters or suppressors of a disease for a given biotope. It should also help to identify important microbial relationships for ecology and evolution of pathogens.
Does wintering north or south of the Sahara correlate with timing and breeding performance in black‐tailed godwits?

Abstract Migrating long distances requires time and energy, and may interact with an individual's performance during breeding. These seasonal interactions in migratory animals are best described in populations with disjunct nonbreeding distributions. The black‐tailed godwit (Limosa limosa limosa), which breeds in agricultural grasslands in Western Europe, has such a disjunct nonbreeding distribution: The majority spend the nonbreeding season in West Africa, while a growing number winters north of the Sahara on the Iberian Peninsula. To test whether crossing the Sahara has an effect on breeding season phenology and reproductive parameters, we examined differences in the timing of arrival, breeding habitat quality, lay date, egg volume, and daily nest survival among godwits (154 females and 157 males), individually marked in a breeding area in the Netherlands for which wintering destination was known on the basis of resightings. We also examined whether individual repeatability in arrival date differed between birds wintering north or south of the Sahara. Contrary to expectation, godwits wintering south of the Sahara arrived two days earlier and initiated their clutch six days earlier than godwits wintering north of the Sahara. Arrival date was equally repeatable for both groups, and egg volume larger in birds wintering north of the Sahara. Despite these differences, we found no association between wintering location and the quality of breeding habitat or nest survival. This suggests that the crossing of an important ecological barrier and doubling of the migration distance, twice a year, do not have clear negative reproductive consequences for some long‐distance migrants.
Parameter and Predictive Uncertainty Analysis of a Spatially Distributed Watershed 1 Simulation Model Using DREAM ( ZS ) and a Formal , Generalized Likelihood Function 2

12 Uncertainty quantification is currently receiving a surge in attention in hydrology as researchers 13 are trying to better understand characteristics of the watersheds being studied and as decision 14 makers are keen to better quantify accuracy and precision of model predictions. Informal and 15 formal Bayesian approaches have been documented for assessment of parameter and model 16 predictive uncertainty. These methods differ in their underlying assumptions, mathematical rigor, 17 and how the various sources of error are treated. In this paper, we implement a formal Bayesian 18 approach for inference of parameter uncertainty and predictive uncertainty in a spatially 19 distributed hydrologic model using streamflow data from five different locations in the 20 watershed. Posterior parameter distributions are inferred using the recently presented 21 DREAM (ZS) algorithm using a simple least squares (SLS) and generalized likelihood (GL) 22 function. Our most important conclusions are as follows: (1) the parameter uncertainty identified 23 by DREAM (ZS) showed significant sensitivity to the likelihood function (i.e., SLS or GL); (2) 24 when used with GL, DREAM (ZS) generated fairly accurate predictive uncertainty estimates at all 25 five streamflow gages available in the study watershed. The predictive uncertainty obtained 26 using SLS significantly underestimated the predictive intervals; (3) most of the predictive 27 uncertainty quantified for the watershed has been attributed to model structure and input/output 28 data. Parameter uncertainty alone explained only about five percent of the streamflow observed 29 2 at the watershed outlet; (4) the model parameters exhibited significant seasonal sensitivity as 30 demonstrated by the parameter uncertainty obtained using both SLS and GL.