Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic optimization models for distributed communication networks

The purpose of this paper is to formally describe new optimization models for distributed telecommunication networks. Modern distributed networks put more focus on the processing of information and less on the actual transportation of data, than we are traditionally used to in telecommunications. This paper introduces new models for decision support at operational, tactical and strategic levels to help deal with this change of focus. This is done by rst deening the technological framework we are working within. Afterwards we look at the diierent types of uncertainty and decisions we need to model. We treat uncertainty and decision-making in the setting of stochastic integer programming to describe a set of new optimization models for distributed networks.
Hip abduction-adduction strength and one-leg hop tests: test-retest reliability and relationship to function in elite ice hockey players.

STUDY DESIGN Single group, test-retest. OBJECTIVES To determine: (1) hip abduction and adduction torques during concentric and eccentric muscle actions, (2) medial and lateral one-leg hop distances, (3) the test-retest reliability of these measurements, and (4) the relationship between isokinetic measures of hip muscle strength and hop distances in elite ice hockey players. BACKGROUND The skating motion used in ice hockey requires strong contractions of the hip and knee musculature. However, baseline scores for hip strength and hop distances, their test-retest reliability, and measures of the extent to which these tests are related for this population are not available. METHODS AND MEASURES The dominant leg of 27 men (mean age 20 +/- 3 yrs) was tested on 2 occasions. Hip abduction and adduction movements were completed at 60 degrees.s(-1) angular velocity, with the subject lying on the non-test side and the test leg moving vertically in the subject's coronal plane. One-leg hops requiring jumping from and landing on the same leg without losing balance were completed in the medial and lateral directions. RESULTS Hip adduction torques were significantly greater than abduction torques during both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, while no significant difference was observed between medial and lateral hop distances. Although hop test scores produced excellent ICCs (> 0.75) when determined using scores on 1 occasion, torques needed to be averaged over 2 test occasions to reach this level. Correlations between the strength and hop tests ranged from slight to low (r = -0.26 to 0.27) and were characterized by wide 95% confidence intervals (-0.54 to 0.61). CONCLUSIONS Isokinetic tests of hip abduction and adduction did not provide a strong indication of performance during sideways hop tests. Although isokinetic tests can provide a measure of muscular strength under specific test conditions, they should not be relied upon as a primary indicator of functional abilities or readiness to return to activity.
Simulation of a Kolmogorov phase screen

Abstract Two new methods for modelling Kolmogorov phase fluctuations over a finite aperture are described. The first method relies on the incorporation of subharmonics in order to model accurately the low frequencies of the Kolmogorov spectrum. The second method provides a less accurate, but much faster method for simulating the Kolmogorov spectrum by using a midpoint displacement algorithm used in computer graphics.
Structural characterization of antiidiotypic antibodies. Evidence that Ab2s are derived from the germline differently than Ab1s

We have found that syngeneic Ab2s in the antiarsonate system are serologically and structurally similar to one another. In contrast, the allogeneic Ab2 response is heterogeneous and derives from a large number of unrelated germline gene segments. The Ab2 response of the BALB/c strain to polyclonal A/J Ars A molecules can probably best be compared with a response to a foreign protein and might have been predicted in a strain that completely lacks the H chain V region gene from which the Ab1 derives. Partial variable region sequences of Ab2s from three other systems in addition to previously reported Ab2 structures indicates that this difference in allogeneic vs. syngeneic Ab2s may be a general phenomena. These data support Jerne's hypothesis of complementary V region genes existing in the germline. However, there is good evidence that these antiidiotypic antibodies are not derived directly from the germline, as somatic processes most likely play an important role in their generation. The D segments of Ab2s in the arsonate system as well as in other systems, are novel in structure and cannot easily be explained by previously described germline D segments. D-D fusion may play a role in the generation of the third hypervariable region in these antibodies.
Complications of phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia

ELIZABETH JOHN f r o m t h e Children’s Medical Research Foundation Roya l Alexandra Hospital f o r Children, and The Women’s Hospital, Crown Street, Sydney . John, Elizabeth (1975). A u s t . paediat. I . , 11, 53-55. Complications of phototherap in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. A series of 200 newborn infants with unexpLined jaundice were treated with phototherapy (blue range). The complications encountered were a rash, diarrhoea, lethargy, and the (Na+-K+) ATPase activity of the red cell membrane was found t o be reduced after 18 hours phototherapy. A review o f the literature shows that there have been few longterm ollow-up studies of infants treated in this way, and that short term complications a pear t o be confined to those mentioned, with the addition of retinal damage by bfue light, damage which can be prevented effectively b y shielding the eyes during treatment.
Spatial Analysis of Five Crime Statistics in Turkey

SUMMARY In this study, geographical information systems and explorative spatial data analysis methods were employed in the analyses of five selected crime rates. Because of the differences among the provinces with small populations, and the provinces with large populations regarding volume of crimes make a major impact on the stability of the crime rates, empirical Bayes smoothing method was used to correct the crime rates. Global spatial autocorrelation indices including Moran’s I, Getis-Ord G, and Geary c were used to test the spatial dependence. Local spatial autocorrelation methods were used to detect the clustering of crime rates. The present study demonstrates the utility of spatial analyses for exploring crime levels of the five crime statistics in Turkish provinces.
White Rabbit in Mobile: Effect of Unsecured Clock Source in Smartphones

With its high penetration rate and relatively good clock accuracy, smartphones are replacing watches in several market segments. Modern smartphones have more than one clock source to complement each other: NITZ (Network Identity and Time Zone), NTP (Network Time Protocol), and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) including GPS. NITZ information is delivered by the cellular core network, indicating the network name and clock information. NTP provides a facility to synchronize the clock with a time server. Among these clock sources, only NITZ and NTP are updated without user interaction, as location services require manual activation. In this paper, we analyze security aspects of these clock sources and their impact on security features of modern smartphones. In particular, we investigate NITZ and NTP procedures over cellular networks (2G, 3G and 4G) and Wi-Fi communication respectively. Furthermore, we analyze several European, Asian, and American cellular networks from NITZ perspective. We identify three classes of vulnerabilities: specification issues in a cellular protocol, configurational issues in cellular network deployments, and implementation issues in different mobile OS's. We demonstrate how an attacker with low cost setup can spoof NITZ and NTP messages to cause Denial of Service attacks. Finally, we propose methods for securely synchronizing the clock on smartphones.
Fusion-based sensing for uncertain primary user signal in cognitive ratio networks

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users can use the licensed frequency bands if the primary user is idle. In order to protect the privilege of the primary user, detecting the presence of the primary user in cognitive radio networks is important. Collaborative sensing is a possible method to improve the detection performance for the presence of the primary user. The IEEE 802.22 standard provides an appropriate topology to perform collaborative sensing. This paper addresses the problem of collaborative sensing in cognitive radio networks. The proposed sensing mechanism is not based on any known signal or noise distributions. The approximations of the distributions for the signal energy measurements are first derived. The SUM fusion rule is adopted to make the final consensus about the presence of the primary user. Based on the derived measurement distributions, detection performance in terms of detection probability subject to a fixed false alarm probability is evaluated analytically. The analytic results of the measurement distributions and the detection performance are very close to the simulation results. In particular, it is found that adding more users to participate in the fusion does not improve the detection performance. In fact, it may hurt the detection performance. A better strategy is to include only a few users with the highest SNR in the fusion. In this way, the detection performance is higher while communication costs can be reduced.
Strategies in the development of accounting history as an academic discipline

Accounting history has emerged as an academic discipline over the last 40 years within English speaking countries. There is now a critical mass of researchers, dedicated journals and conferences, and a significant body of literature that is increasing in scope and depth. This article examines the strategies that, ex post , can be seen as important in developing accounting history as a discipline. Three strategies are identified: (1) making accounting history relevant (to education, standard-setting, and organizational memory/identity), (2) making accounting history controversial (by identifying positive and negative exemplars, providing historical critiques of mainstream research, and encouraging methodological/ theoretical pluralism within accounting history), and (3) institutionalizing accounting history (by developing academic associations, journals and conferences, and embedding accounting history within a network of supporting organizations including universities, professional associations, libraries, research centers and publishers). The article concludes by identifying the weak points in the disciplinary project.
JS: Lightweight Cross-Site Scripting Prevention Using Isolation Operators

Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks constitute one of the major threats for today’s web sites. Recently reported numbers on XSS vulnerabilities, coupled with the increasing complexity of modern web browsers, clearly highlight the need for effective mitigat ion mechanisms. However, despite the significance of these attacks, a definitive approach against any typ e of XSS vulnerability sill remains elusive. To further highlight this absence of effective countermeasures, we present a new family of code-injection attacks that defeat existing approaches for XSS prevention. The identified attacks resemble the classic return-to-libc attack in native code. To account for the detected vulnerabilities, we proceed and present a fast and practical mechanism, namely xJS, that isolates all legitimate client-side code from possib le code injections. xJS is a lightweight mechanism that is based on the concept of Instruction Set Randomization (ISR). We implement and evaluate our solution in three leading web browsers, namely FireFox, WebKit and Chromium, and in the Apache web server. We show that our framework can successfully prevent all 1,380 real-world attacks that were collected from a well-known XSS attack repository. Furthermore, our framework imposes negligible computational overhead in both the server and the client side, and has no negative side-effects in the overall user’s browsing experience.
Ectopic Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of an NB-ARC Encoding Putative Disease Resistance Gene from Wild Chinese Vitis pseudoreticulata Enhances Resistance to Phytopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria

Plant resistance proteins mediate pathogen recognition and activate innate immune responses to restrict pathogen proliferation. One common feature of these proteins is an NB-ARC domain. In this study, we characterized a gene encoding a protein with an NB-ARC domain from wild Chinese grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata accession “Baihe-35-1,” which was identified in a transcriptome analysis of the leaves following inoculation with Erysiphe necator (Schw.), a causal agent of powdery mildew. Transcript levels of this gene, designated VpCN (GenBank accession number KT265084), increased strongly after challenge of grapevine leaves with E. necator. The deduced amino acid sequence was predicted to contain an NB-ARC domain in the C-terminus and an RxCC-like domain similar to CC domain of Rx protein in the N-terminus. Ectopic expression of VpCN in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in either a wild-type phenotype or a dwarf phenotype. The phenotypically normal transgenic A. thaliana showed enhance resistance to A. thaliana powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum, as well as to a virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Moreover, promoter::GUS (β-glucuronidase) analysis revealed that powdery mildew infection induced the promoter activity of VpCN in grapevine leaves. Finally, a promoter deletion analysis showed that TC rich repeat elements likely play an important role in the response to E. necator infection. Taken together, our results suggest that VpCN contribute to powdery mildew disease resistant in grapevine.
Meeting consumer trust concerns at the checkouts of Australian online retailers

[Abstract]: Lack of security and consumer trust has been repeatedly reported as one of the most important factors hindering the development of e-Commerce. This paper is a preliminary analysis of the types of trust building mechanisms available to merchants and the extent to which a selection of Australian online retailers have incorporated them in their websites. The assessment of security in the trustworthiness evaluation process typically takes place just before placing an order. The focus here, therefore, is specifically on those measures most likely to enhance confidence in the payment processing phase. We study some of the tools, over and above technical security infrastructure solutions, that could help mitigate consumer concerns over trust and security issues arising out of this stage of the business process chain.
Discrete Partitioning and Coverage Control With Gossip Communication

In this paper we propose distributed algorithms to automatically deploy a group of robotic agents and provide coverage of a discretized environment represented by a graph. We present a discrete coverage algorithm which converges to a centroidal Voronoi partition while requiring only pairwise “gossip” communication between the agents. Our theoretical analysis is based on a dynamical system on partitions of the graph’s vertices. We also establish bounds on the computational requirements of the algorithm and demonstrate its functionality with simulations. © 2009 ASME
Oxytocin induces differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes

We recently discovered the existence of the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) system in the heart. Activation of cardiac OTR stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is involved in regulation of blood pressure and cell growth. Having observed elevated OT levels in the fetal and newborn heart at a stage of intense cardiomyocyte hyperplasia, we hypothesized a role for OT in cardiomyocyte differentiation. We used mouse P19 embryonic stem cells to substantiate this potential role. P19 cells give rise to the formation of cell derivatives of all germ layers. Treatment of P19 cell aggregates with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces differentiation to cardiomyocytes. In this work, P19 cells were allowed to aggregate from day 0 to day 4 in the presence of 0.5% DMSO, 10−7 M OT and/or 10−7 M OT antagonist (OTA), and then cultured in the absence of these factors until day 14. OT alone stimulated the production of beating cell colonies in all 24 independently growing cultures by day 8 of the differentiation protocol, whereas the same result was obtained in cells induced by DMSO only after 12 days. Cells induced with OT exhibited increased ANP mRNA, had abundant mitochondria (i.e., they strongly absorbed rhodamine 123), and expressed sarcomeric myosin heavy chain and dihydropyridine receptor-α1, confirming a cardiomyocyte phenotype. In addition, OT as well as DMSO increased OTR protein and OTR mRNA, and OTA completely inhibited the formation of cardiomyocytes in OT- and DMSO-supplemented cultures. These results suggest that the OT/OTR system plays an important role in cardiogenesis by promoting cardiomyocyte differentiation.
How has Radical Right Support Transformed Established Political Conflicts? The Case of Austria

In many European party systems, the radical right has challenged established patterns of political competition. This article studies the consequences of this by using the case of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and data from Austria’s first national election study (AUTNES). It is found that the FPÖ has weakened Austria’s previously highly stable system of socio-structural and ideological divisions as expressed by the two mainstream parties, the People’s Party and the Social Democrats. In socio-structural terms, the FPÖ has undermined the Social Democrats’ support base. In ideological terms, FPÖ voters have distinct views on newer issues such as immigration, European integration and dissatisfaction with the political system, but its supporters’ views on Austria’s traditional conflicts surrounding the economy and social and religious values cannot explain the party’s success. These findings further our understanding of the transformation of political conflicts not just in Austria, but in Western Europe in general.
Compressive Dual Photography

The accurate measurement of the light transport characteristics of a complex scene is an important goal in computer graphics and has applications in relighting and dual photography. However, since the light transport data sets are typically very large, much of the previous research has focused on adaptive algorithms that capture them efficiently. In this work, we propose a novel, non‐adaptive algorithm that takes advantage of the compressibility of the light transport signal in a transform domain to capture it with less acquisitions than with standard approaches. To do this, we leverage recent work in the area of compressed sensing, where a signal is reconstructed from a few samples assuming that it is sparse in a transform domain. We demonstrate our approach by performing dual photography and relighting by using a much smaller number of acquisitions than would normally be needed. Because our algorithm is not adaptive, it is also simpler to implement than many of the current approaches.
Exposure to violent crime, fear of crime, and traumatic stress symptomatology.

The central aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between exposure to violent crime, traumatic stress symptomatology, and fear of crime. Secondary areas of interest included the effect of the frequency of exposure to violent crime on traumatic stress symptomatology and fear of crime, as well as sex differences in the three main variables of study. In order to explore these aims, a quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. Measures included a self-developed exposure measure, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and a fear of crime measure used in a previous South African study. The sample was comprised of 216 first-year university students at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, t-tests, and analysis of variance (one-way and two-way) and post-hoc t-tests. The results of the research indicated high levels of exposure to violent crime (including direct and indirect exposure). Almost half the sample (47%) reported exposure to violent crime in the preceding 12 months. Furthermore, over half the sample (58%) reported direct exposure to non-crime trauma in the preceding 12 months, with only about one-quarter of the sample (20%) reporting no exposure to any kind of trauma in the preceding 12 months. It was thus unsurprising that levels of traumatic stress symptomatology were generally in the moderate range and at least 20% of the total sample reported traumatic stress symptomatology of clinical concern. Fear of crime was found to be rather pervasive in the sample. Findings showed support for the relationships between exposure to violent crime and traumatic stress symptomatology, exposure to violent crime and fear of crime, and fear of crime and traumatic stress symptomatology. Significant differences were found between groups based on level and type of exposure and significant correlations were found between the perceived severity of exposure to violent crime on the one hand, and traumatic stress symptomatology and fear of crime on the other hand. Frequency of exposure to violent crime was found to be significantly related to fear of crime but not to traumatic stress symptomatology. Female subjects reported significantly higher perceived severity of exposure to violent crime, hyperarousal related symptoms and fear of crime. The implications of the findings are explored.
Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on the proliferation and apoptosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2

The present study explored the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 in vitro. The proliferation of CNE2 cells was detected using the cell counting kit-8 method. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. The protein expression of hTERT and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) was observed using western blot analysis. EGCG inhibited the proliferation of CNE2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05) and blocked the cell cycle progression of the cells. In the low concentration (100 μg/ml) group, the cell cycle arrest showed a time-dependent manner. However, as the concentration increased and action time was prolonged, this time dependency became less marked. EGCG promoted the apoptosis of CNE2 cells in a time-dependent manner. In addition, EGCG downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of hTERT and downregulated the expression of c-Myc protein. Downregulation of the expression of hTERT and c-Myc was more evident in the high-dose group (200 μg/mL). In conclusion, EGCG has proliferation-inhibiting, cell cycle-blocking and apoptosis-promoting effects on CNE2 cells. EGCG may be developed into an auxiliary therapeutic agent for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.