Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experiment on Conformity to Group Norms Where Conformity is Detrimental to Group Achievement

constituted, then the relationships are interdependent. Arguing from another point of view, we might assess the strength of the pattern by asking what elements in the original pattern seem more impervious to the induced change, for certainly resistance to externally induced change is strong evidence that relationships are structured. In the present experiment, the answer to this question is that emotional attachments change little at all, while behavior shifts radically. Thus, an apparent paradox is produced by the experimental procedures; we argue that there is a structure if, following treatment, behavior of the subject changes so as to fall in line with the new pattern; yet we say that the strongest elements in the initial pattern are emotional attachments because they resist change. One solution to the paradox lies in the independence between patterns of behavior and patterns of attachments. The emotional ties are stronger and more persistent than the behavioral patterns, but the significant point is that before the change their positive and negative aspects coincide with the behavioral patterns. After the change, they do not. Evidently behavior and attachments, coinciding in the original phase, have (through differing resistance to induced change) become separated, one from the other, then combined in the final phase where they do not coincide. The new pattern of behavior is superimposed upon the old pattern of attachments. These considerations lead to the conclusion that the coalition pattern is a partially interdependent structure, composed of emotional attachments between members, shared (or unshared) opinions and behavioral patterns which are laterally differentiated in their susceptibility to induced change. The lag in adjusting attachments is greater than the lag in opinions and these are greater than the lag in adjusting behavior. A general hypothesis is that this differential lag in adjustments exists in any group. Formally, this might be stated as follows: In a role structure of some stability, the structure of personal, emotional attachments (positive or negative) is stronger than the structure of common values and beliefs that are relevant to the purpose of the group, and these structures are stronger than the pattern of manifest interaction between members. Further, when the structure is by some means changed, readjustments are made with differential facility in three aspects of a role, such that there is a greater lag in adjusting personal emotional attachments, than in adjusting values and beliefs, and greater lag in adjusting values and beliefs than in adjusting manifest behavior toward others within the structure.
The kindergarten of entrepreneurship: Developing entrepreneurial spirit and skills through community building at universities

How can universities stimulate students to develop entrepreneurial skills and ambitions? This work provides insights into how community building compliments traditional theory-based entrepreneurship education at universities. Based on 21 interviews across university-based organizations supporting entrepreneurship across students we provide insights on (1) motivation, (2) ways of working, and (3) challenges of organizations when mobilizing an entrepreneurial spirit and developing entrepreneurial skills of students. Based on our findings we recommend to (1) provide local role models, (2) design an environment enabling and encouraging experimentation, and (3) facilitate network creation of participants.
Designer nanoparticles: incorporating size, shape and triggered release into nanoscale drug carriers

Importance of the field: Although significant progress has been made in delivering therapeutic agents through micro and nanocarriers, precise control over in vivo biodistribution and disease-responsive drug release has been difficult to achieve. This is critical for the success of next generation drug delivery devices, as newer drugs, designed to interfere with cellular functions, must be efficiently and specifically delivered to diseased cells. The chief constraint in achieving this has been our limited repertoire of particle synthesis methods, especially at the nanoscale. Recent developments in generating shape-specific nanocarriers and the potential to combine stimuli-responsive release with nanoscale delivery devices show great promise in overcoming these limitations. Areas covered in this review: How recent advances in fabrication technology allow synthesis of highly monodisperse, stimuli-responsive, drug-carrying nanoparticles of precise geometries is discussed. How particle properties, specifically shape and stimuli responsiveness, affect biodistribution, cellular uptake and drug release is also reviewed. What the reader will gain: The reader is introduced to recent developments in intelligent drug nanocarriers and new nanofabrication approaches that can be combined with disease-responsive biomaterials. This will provide insight into the importance of controlling particle geometry and incorporating stimuli-responsive materials into drug delivery. Take home message: The integration of responsive biomaterials into shape-specific nanocarriers is one of the most promising avenues towards the development of next generation, advanced drug delivery systems.
Caring for maltreated children: a challenge for health care education.

AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to establish whether paediatric nurses and doctors in a university hospital need supplementary training in the identification of child physical abuse and whether there is a need to develop health care education on child abuse issues. BACKGROUND Child physical abuse was defined as actions of a parent or a primary caregiver of a child under 18 years of age, which have caused physical injuries to the child. METHODS The sample consisted of paediatric staff (n=513) in a university hospital. Data were collected with a questionnaire, and the response rate was 62%. The data were analysed using statistical methods and quantitative content analysis. FINDINGS Sixty per cent of respondents needed supplementary training in the identification of child abuse. Those having experience in caring for abused children considered the identification most difficult (P < 0.001) and needed training more often (P < 0.005) than the others. The need for training was explained by stating that their basic education had not addressed child abuse issues, and by the complexity of the issue. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that research-based knowledge of the identification and treatment of child abuse should be incorporated into health care education. Supplementary education should address the management of complex and sensitive issues with customers, legislation, division of labour and multiprofessional collaboration in which nurses and doctors have an important, family wellbeing promoting role.
Early Cognitive Vision as a Frontend for Cognitive Systems

We discuss the need of an elaborated in-between stage bridging early vision and cognitive vision which we call ‘Early Cognitive Vision’ (ECV). This stage provides semantically rich, disambiguated and largely task independent scene representations which can be used in many contexts. In addition, the ECV stage is important for generalization processes across objects and actions. We exemplify this at a concrete realisation of an ECV system that has already been used in variety of application domains.
Self-gravitating systems in a three-dimensional expanding Universe

The non-linear evolution of one-dimensional perturbations in a three-dimensional expanding Universe is considered. A general Lagrangian scheme is derived, and compared to two previously introduced approximate models. These models are simulated with heap-based event-driven numerical procedure, that allows for the study of large systems, averaged over many realizations of random initial conditions. One of the models is shown to be qualitatively, and, in some respects, concerning mass aggregation, quantitatively similar to the adhesion model.
Okullarda matematik eğitimi: Matematikte okur-yazarlık

ABSTRACf: One of the necessary requirement for becoming information society is the setting of the effective and efficient environment for teaching/learning of mathematics in the schools and other institutions of education. In this context, the reason for becoming literate in mathematics is explained, and the requirement for the supply of necessary, sufficient and continuous resource is then emphasised.
Evolution of Neutral and Flowering Genes along Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Domestication

Background Pearl millet landraces display an important variation in their cycle duration. This diversity contributes to the stability of crop production in the Sahel despite inter-annual rainfall fluctuation. Conservation of phenological diversity is important for the future of pearl millet improvement and sustainable use. Identification of genes contributing to flowering time variation is therefore relevant. In this study we focused on three flowering candidate genes, PgHd3a, PgDwarf8 and PgPHYC. We tested for signatures of past selective events within polymorphism patterns of these three genes that could have been associated with pearl millet domestication and/or landraces differentiation. In order to implement ad hoc neutrality tests, a plausible demographic history of pearl millet domestication was inferred through Approximate Bayesian Computation by using eight neutral STS loci. Results Domesticated pearl millet exhibited 84% of the nucleotide diversity level found in the wild population. No specific polymorphisms were found either in the wild or in the domestic populations. The Bayesian approach and previous studies suggest that gene flow between wild relatives and domesticated pearl millets is a main factor explaining these results. Early and late landraces did not show significant genetic differentiation at both the neutral and the candidate loci. A positive selection was evidenced in PgHd3a and PgDwarf8 genes of domestic forms but not in the wild population. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that PgHd3a and PgDwarf8 were likely targeted by selection during domestication. However, a potential role of any of the three candidate genes in the phenological differentiation between early and late landraces was not supported by our data. Reasons why these results contrast with previous results that have shown a slight but significant association between PgPHYC polymorphisms and variation in flowering time in pearl millet are discussed.
Data Security Throws Image processing by Blowfish Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm and LSB

The paper will represent the recent cryptographic technology to increase the security level in image processing technology and data security in Network system. Blowfish algorithm, Steganography algorithm least significant bit (LSB) and Genetic algorithm are mainly used in the paper for better security system. Blowfish algorithm provides a good encryption rate in software. it has a 64bit block size and a variable key length from 32bits up to 448 bits. The cryptographic society needs to make available the world with a new encryption standard. In the other side steganography in one of the most powerful way to conceal the existence of hidden secret data inside a cover object. All encrypted data will be hidden by Least Significance Bit (LSB). Genetic algorithms (GA) are directed random search techniques used to look for parameters that provide a good solution to a problem. Essentially they are nothing more than educated guessing. The ‘education’ comes from expressive the correctness of previous candidate solutions and the ‘guessing’ comes from combining the fitter attempts in order to evolve an improved solution. [1] For image processing system this algorithm is better. So hope
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CAPSTONE DEPLETED URANIUM AEROSOLS IV: IN VITRO SOLUBILITY ANALYSIS

Abstract—As part of the Capstone Depleted Uranium (DU) Aerosol Study, the solubility of selected aerosol samples was measured using an accepted in vitro dissolution test system. This static system was employed along with a SUF (synthetic ultrafiltrate) solvent, which is designed to mimic the physiological chemistry of extracellular fluid. Using sequentially obtained solvent samples, the dissolution behavior over a 46-d test period was evaluated by fitting the measurement data to two- or three-component negative exponential functions. These functions were then compared with Type M and S absorption taken from the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 66 Human Respiratory Tract Model. The results indicated that there was a substantial variability in solubility of the aerosols, which in part depended on the type of armor being impacted by the DU penetrator and the particle size fraction being tested. Although some trends were suggested, the variability noted leads to uncertainties in predicting the solubility of other DU-based aerosols. Nevertheless, these data provide a useful experimental basis for modeling the intake-dose relationships for inhaled DU aerosols arising from penetrator impact on armored vehicles.
Changes in Neuronal Signaling and Cell Stress Response Pathways are Associated with a Multigenic Response of Drosophila melanogaster to DDT Selection

Abstract The adaptation of insect populations to insecticidal control is a continual threat to human health and sustainable agricultural practices, but many complex genomic mechanisms involved in this adaption remain poorly understood. This study applied a systems approach to investigate the interconnections between structural and functional variance in response to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) within the Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. Directional selection in 6 selective sweeps coincided with constitutive gene expression differences in DDT resistant flies, including the most highly upregulated transcript, Unc-115 b, which plays a central role in axon guidance, and the most highly downregulated transcript, the angiopoietin-like CG31832, which is involved in directing vascular branching and dendrite outgrowth but likely may be under trans-regulatory control. Direct functions and protein–protein interactions mediated by differentially expressed transcripts control changes in cell migration, signal transduction, and gene regulatory cascades that impact the nervous system. Although changes to cellular stress response pathways involve 8 different cytochrome P450s, stress response, and apoptosis is controlled by a multifacetted regulatory mechanism. These data demonstrate that DDT selection in 91-R may have resulted in genome-wide adaptations that impacts genetic and signal transduction pathways that converge to modify stress response, cell survival, and neurological functions. This study implicates the involvement of a multigenic mechanism in the adaptation to a chemical insecticide, which impact interconnected regulatory cascades. We propose that DDT selection within 91-R might act systemically, wherein pathway interactions function to reinforce the epistatic effects of individual adaptive changes on an additive or nonadditive basis.
Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation

Macrophages play a central role in inflammation and host defence against microorganisms, but they also participate actively in the resolution of inflammation after alternative activation. However, it is not known whether the resolution of inflammation requires alternative activation of new resting monocytes/macrophages or if proinflammatory activated macrophages have the capacity to switch their activation towards anti‐inflammation. In order to answer this question, we first characterized differential human macrophage activation phenotypes. We found that CD163 and CD206 exhibited mutually exclusive induction patterns after stimulation by a panel of anti‐inflammatory molecules, whereas CCL18 showed a third, overlapping, pattern. Hence, alternative activation is not a single process, but provides a variety of different cell populations. The capacity of macrophages to switch from one activation state to another was then assessed by determining the reversibility of CD163 and CD206 expression and of CCL18 and CCL3 production. We found that every activation state was rapidly and fully reversible, suggesting that a given cell may participate sequentially in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. These findings may provide new insight into the inflammatory process as well as new fields of investigation for immunotherapy in the fields of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Improving recto document side restoration with an estimation of the verso side from a single scanned page

We present a new method for blind document bleed through removal based on separately restoring the recto and the verso side. The segmentation algorithm is based on separate Markov random fields (MRF) which results in a better adaptation of the prior to the content creation process (e.g. superimposing two pages), and the improvement of the estimation of the verso pixels through an estimation of the verso pixels covered by recto pixels. The labels of the initial recto and verso clusters are recognized without using any color or gray value information. The proposed method is evaluated empirically as well as through OCR improvement.
The Effects of Crossbreeding and Low Fish Meal Diets on Growth-Related Traits in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Growth rate is the most important trait that can be manipulated to create more efficient aquaculture. Crossbreeding, where different populations are bred, has the potential to increase performance through release from inbreeding depression. I crossed a farm population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with seven wild populations, then compared growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, swimming speed and metabolic rate between the crossbred and original farmed lines. Crossbreeding resulted in increased growth rates, but had no effect on the other traits. I next evaluated the feasibility of using a diet that replaced fish meal with corn gluten meal and poultry meal. The alternative diet had no effect on growth rate or survival, but led to increased fat content and decreased tissue pigmentation. My thesis supports using crossbreeding in salmon aquaculture to increase growth rate, but found a low fish meal diet was not viable due to its effects on tissue colour.
Hepatic Immunotherapy for Metastases Study of Intra-Arterial Chimeric Antigen Receptor – Modi fi ed T-cell Therapy for CEA þ Liver Metastases

Purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated encouraging results in early-phase clinical trials. Successful adaptation of CAR-T technology for CEA-expressing adenocarcinoma liver metastases, a major cause of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, has yet to be achieved. We sought to test intrahepatic delivery of anti-CEA CAR-T through percutaneous hepatic artery infusions (HAIs). Experimental Design:We conducted a phase I trial to test HAI of CAR-T in patients with CEAþ liver metastases. Six patients completed the protocol, and 3 received anti-CEA CAR-T HAIs alone in dose-escalation fashion (10, 10, and 10 cells). We treated an additional 3 patients with the maximum planned CAR-T HAI dose (10 cells 3) along with systemic IL2 support. Results: Four patients had more than 10 liver metastases, and patients received a mean of 2.5 lines of conventional systemic therapy before enrollment. No patient suffered a grade 3 or 4 adverse event related to the CAR-T HAIs. One patient remains alive with stable disease at 23 months following CAR-T HAI, and 5 patients died of progressive disease. Among the patients in the cohort that received systemic IL2 support, CEA levels decreased 37% (range, 19%–48%) from baseline. Biopsies demonstrated an increase in liver metastasis necrosis or fibrosis in 4 of 6 patients. Elevated serum IFNg levels correlated with IL2 administration and CEA decreases. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the safety of anti-CEA CAR-T HAIs with encouraging signals of clinical activity in a heavily pretreated population with large tumor burdens. Further clinical testing of CAR-T HAIs for liver metastases is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 1–11. 2015 AACR.
Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Distributed Antenna Systems for In-Building Mobile Communication

In wireless systems, providing high data rate wireless services is a major challenge particularly in high building environments. The system performance is impaired by co-channel interference due to the need to reuse the limited available spectrum. In this environment, distributed antenna systems (DASs) can provide adequate coverage and high speed data services in the presence of multipath fading and co-channel interference by optimally combining the same signal from several antennas. This paper proposes and investigates the impacts of DAS for uplink transmission in high-rise buildings; where remote antenna units (RAUs) are deployed on each floor to reduce the radio transmission distance while at the same time exploiting spatial diversity. The RAUs are connected to a central unit (CU) where received signals are processed. The performance of the system is analysed in terms of achievable spectral efficiency using a propagation channel model derived from multi-floor in-building path loss values retrieved from measurement data. This model accounts for the propagation between different floors and ceilings and includes possible reflections from surrounding buildings. The effects of different numbers of receive antennas per floor and deployment conditions are investigated. Numerical results obtained suggest that the proposed scheme can facilitate better use of the available radio spectrum and provide higher data rates for indoor mobile terminals (MTs).
The Bolocam Lockman Hole Millimeter-Wave Galaxy Survey: Galaxy Candidates and Number Counts

We present results of a new deep 1.1 mm survey using Bolocam, a millimeter-wavelength bolometer array camera designed for mapping large fields at fast scan rates, without chopping. A map, galaxy candidate list, and derived number counts are presented. This survey encompasses 324 arcmin2 to an rms noise level (filtered for point sources) of σ1.1 mm ≃ 1.4 mJy beam-1 and includes the entire regions surveyed by the published 8 mJy 850 μm JCMT SCUBA and 1.2 mm IRAM MAMBO surveys. We reduced the data using a custom software pipeline to remove correlated sky and instrument noise via a principal component analysis. Extensive simulations and jackknife tests were performed to confirm the robustness of our source candidates and estimate the effects of false detections, bias, and completeness. In total, 17 source candidates were detected at a significance ≥3.0 σ, with six expected false detections. Nine candidates are new detections, while eight candidates have coincident SCUBA 850 μm and/or MAMBO 1.2 mm detections. From our observed number counts, we estimate the underlying differential number count distribution of submillimeter galaxies and find it to be in general agreement with previous surveys. Modeling the spectral energy distributions of these submillimeter galaxies after observations of dusty nearby galaxies suggests extreme luminosities of L = (1.0-1.6) × 1013 L☉ and, if powered by star formation, star formation rates of 500-800 M☉ yr-1.