Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain Glucose Sensors Play a Significant Role in the Regulation of Pancreatic Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion

As patients decline from health to type 2 diabetes, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) typically becomes impaired. Although GSIS is driven predominantly by direct sensing of a rise in blood glucose by pancreatic β-cells, there is growing evidence that hypothalamic neurons control other aspects of peripheral glucose metabolism. Here we investigated the role of the brain in the modulation of GSIS. To examine the effects of increasing or decreasing hypothalamic glucose sensing on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, glucose or inhibitors of glucokinase, respectively, were infused into the third ventricle during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs). Glucose-infused rats displayed improved glucose handling, particularly within the first few minutes of the IVGTT, with a significantly lower area under the excursion curve within the first 10 min (AUC0-10). This was explained by increased insulin secretion. In contrast, infusion of the glucokinase inhibitors glucosamine or mannoheptulose worsened glucose tolerance and decreased GSIS in the first few minutes of IVGTT. Our data suggest a role for brain glucose sensors in the regulation of GSIS, particularly during the early phase. We propose that pharmacological agents targeting hypothalamic glucose-sensing pathways may represent novel therapeutic strategies for enhancing early phase insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
THE GABAA RECEPTOR AND THE NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,5-BENZODIAZEPINES OF MEDICINAL INTEREST: A REVIEW

This article reviews how GABAA receptors act within the neuronal system, focusing on the neuropharmacological properties of some 1,5-benzodiazepines. They are generally involved in various physiological processes, such as brain excitability control, anxiety modulation, hunger sensation, thirst, circadian rhythm, cognition, alertness, memory and learning. The 1,5benzodiazepines of medical interest differ from others benzodiazepines, as 1,4-benzodiazepines, traditionally used in clinical psychiatry, in nitrogen positions in aromatic ring. They are commonly obtained by condensation reactions between orthodiaminoerenes and 1,3-diketones, with sulphuric acid as reaction catalyst. Several of these drugs have shown promising results and have the potential to either replace or act as alternatives to 1,4-benzodiazepines.
An online interactive geometric database including exact solutions of Einstein's field equations

We describe a new interactive database (GRDB) of geometric objects in the general area of differential geometry. Database objects include, but are not restricted to, exact solutions of Einstein's field equations. GRDB is designed for researchers (and teachers) in applied mathematics, physics and related fields. The flexible search environment allows the database to be useful over a wide spectrum of interests, for example, from practical considerations of neutron star models in astrophysics to abstract space–time classification schemes. The database is built using a modular and object-oriented design and uses several Java technologies (e.g. Applets, Servlets, JDBC). These are platform-independent and well adapted for applications developed for the World Wide Web. GRDB is accompanied by a virtual calculator (GRTensorJ), a graphical user interface to the computer algebra system GRTensorII, used to perform online coordinate, tetrad or basis calculations. The highly interactive nature of GRDB allows systematic internal self-checking and minimization of the required internal records. This new database is now available online at http://grdb.org.
Characterizing HSF1 Binding and Post-Translational Modifications of hsp70 Promoter in Cultured Cortical Neurons: Implications in the Heat-Shock Response

Causes of lower induction of Hsp70 in neurons during heat shock are still a matter of debate. To further inquire into the mechanisms regulating Hsp70 expression in neurons, we studied the activity of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) and histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) at the hsp70 promoter in rat cortical neurons. Heat shock induced a transient and efficient translocation of HSF1 to neuronal nuclei. However, no binding of HSF1 at the hsp70 promoter was detected while it bound to the hsp25 promoter in cortical neurons during heat shock. Histone PTMs analysis showed that the hsp70 promoter harbors lower levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in cortical neurons compared to PC12 cells under basal conditions. Transcriptomic profiling data analysis showed a predominant usage of cryptic transcriptional start sites at hsp70 gene in the rat cerebral cortex, compared with the whole brain. These data support a weaker activation of hsp70 canonical promoter. Heat shock increased H3Ac at the hsp70 promoter in PC12 cells, which correlated with increased Hsp70 expression while no modifications occurred at the hsp70 promoter in cortical neurons. Increased histone H3 acetylation by Trichostatin A led to hsp70 mRNA and protein induction in cortical neurons. In conclusion, we found that two independent mechanisms maintain a lower induction of Hsp70 in cortical neurons. First, HSF1 fails to bind specifically to the hsp70 promoter in cortical neurons during heat shock and, second, the hsp70 promoter is less accessible in neurons compared to non-neuronal cells due to histone deacetylases repression.
Combining multiple imputation and meta-analysis with individual participant data

Multiple imputation is a strategy for the analysis of incomplete data such that the impact of the missingness on the power and bias of estimates is mitigated. When data from multiple studies are collated, we can propose both within‐study and multilevel imputation models to impute missing data on covariates. It is not clear how to choose between imputation models or how to combine imputation and inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis methods. This is especially important as often different studies measure data on different variables, meaning that we may need to impute data on a variable which is systematically missing in a particular study. In this paper, we consider a simulation analysis of sporadically missing data in a single covariate with a linear analysis model and discuss how the results would be applicable to the case of systematically missing data. We find in this context that ensuring the congeniality of the imputation and analysis models is important to give correct standard errors and confidence intervals. For example, if the analysis model allows between‐study heterogeneity of a parameter, then we should incorporate this heterogeneity into the imputation model to maintain the congeniality of the two models. In an inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis, we should impute missing data and apply Rubin's rules at the study level prior to meta‐analysis, rather than meta‐analyzing each of the multiple imputations and then combining the meta‐analysis estimates using Rubin's rules. We illustrate the results using data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. © 2013 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The ultimate shock absorber

Since the publication of its strategy in 2012, the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway continues to develop across the National Probation Service and prison estate. The relational crux of the Pathway exists between the probation officer and service user, with the former holding the lead professional role. This study aimed to develop an understanding of practitioners’ experience of inhabiting this role, in order that enhanced insight into the relationship at the centre of the Pathway could emerge. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for enabling relational security and psychologically informed practice in complex and risk averse systems.
'Other' literatures and issues in criticism, theory and philosophy : (re)introducing a critical discourse on 'child literature'

The purpose of this thesis is to place both what is conventionally called 'children's literature' and the critical discourse on that literature in a broader context by working through some central issues in contemporary criticism, theory and philosophy. My thesis therefore takes a much wider scope than might be expected of a study of child literature and child literature criticism. In ranging through the theories of F. R. Leavis, Edmund Husserl, Stanley Fish, Jacques Derrida, Richard Rorty, Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, Richard Bernstein, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jane Flax and others, my study may appear to some to be moving away from child literature and child literature criticism. However, this is exactly the viewpoint I want to challenge and open up to further question. Debates and developments in broader theory and philosophy (phenomenology, poststructuralism, feminism) have clearly influenced child literature criticism but that criticism also forms a part of these developments and debates. Hence, the title of this study highlights what 'other' literatures and their critical discourses, such as child literature and its critical discourse, have both to bring to and to gain from broader literature and its critical discourse. The highly critically acclaimed child literature of Alan Gamer and the immensely popular child literature of Roald Dahl, and the critical discourse on that work, provide a case study for this thesis. Such a study is significant and timely given the place that these two authors hold in contemporary child literature. My study takes as its starting-point, in reintroducing a critical discourse on child literature, Jacqueline Rose's The Case of Peter Pan or The Impossibility o f Children s Fiction. Rose's work offers a significantly different way of reading child literature, in focusing on the adults' 'investment' in 'the child’, that has been largely neglected, dismissed or misappropriated by critics. However, I also want to develop Rose's position further and argue for the introduction of a critical discourse that addresses a number of difficulties with her approach. In particular, I want to bring into dialogue the work of Rose, other child literature critics, and critics and theorists in general to open up thinking space. The point of this thesis is to emphasise and map out a dialogic approach although one that is always undercut by a rhetoric of disruption in order to move towards a more critical and comprehensive child literature criticism and theory. The terms 'child literature' and 'child literature criticism' therefore serve the difficult task of both critique and continuing the conversation about the genre and its criticism. Child literature and child literature criticism are excellent sites for exploring the kinds of questions that have concerned broader criticism, theory and philosophy, as well as for raising many important new questions.
Livelihood Patterns and Survival Strategies of the Poor in Kolkata

The urban poor living a life of uncertainty and insecurity throughout the year, are compelled to adopt various survival strategies to meet the challenges of their daily existence. In our study, micro-level data gathered through field surveys conducted in Kolkata’s slums was used to develop an understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and the diversification of these livelihood strategies. It was observed that a major chunk of workers earn their livelihood through physical labour, although income levels differ across and within occupational categories. As households move up the economic ladder, the contribution to the total household income from domestic work and scavenging declines, while that from self-employment rises. The transport sector workers, however, defy such trends. Using probit regression, we examined the determinants of the choice of modes of employment by poor urban workers, and note that more educated workers heading large households and having their fathers engaged in self-employment made them more likely to be involved in forms of self-employment activities.
Marxism and Psychology: An Outdated Interest or a Promising Research Field?

In this article, ‘Marxist psychology’ is introduced within a historical and theoretical context. ‘Which Marxism? ’ and ‘which psychology? ’ were the initial questions for discussion which brought responses related to historical personalities, movements, schools of thoughts, countries and subfields. Alienation, ideology and methodology were considered to be major themes for a Marxist psychology. The relationship between Marxism in power (e.g. Marxism(s) in former Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China) and psychology was considered as a separate category to compare and contrast it with Marxist criticisms aimed at capitalism in capitalist countries. After briefly discussing the links between Marxism and critical psychology, the article proceeds to subfields of psychology to discuss the actual and potential links.
An Empirical Evaluation of Dimensionality Reduction Using Latent Semantic Analysis on Hindi Text

Dimensionality reduction is the process of deriving an approximate representation of a dataset, that can reflect most of the correlations underlying within the dataset. In the context of text processing, dimensionality reduction is used for transforming any text to a precise representation that efficiently identifies the main insights of the original text. LSA(Latent Semantic Analysis) is a technique that is used to find correlations between words and sentences based on the usage of words within the text. This paper addresses the issue of dimensionality reduction in representing relevant data from Hindi text using LSA. An empirical evaluation is performed to find the influence of language complexity and influence of various weighting schemes on dimensionality reduction. The results are presented using the standard measures such as recall, precision and F-score.
Toward Cove-Edged Low Band Gap Graphene Nanoribbons

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), defined as nanometer-wide strips of graphene, have attracted increasing attention as promising candidates for next-generation semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up strategy toward novel low band gap GNRs (Eg = 1.70 eV) with a well-defined cove-type periphery both in solution and on a solid substrate surface with chrysene as the key monomer. Corresponding cyclized chrysene-based oligomers consisting of the dimer and tetramer are obtained via an Ullmann coupling followed by oxidative intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation in solution, and much higher GNR homologues via on-surface synthesis. These oligomers adopt nonplanar structures due to the steric repulsion between the two C–H bonds at the inner cove position. Characterizations by single crystal X-ray analysis, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are described. The interpretation is assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
An Efficient Localization Algorithm Using Sparse Anchors for the Internet of Things

Localization is crucial for the Internet of Things (IoT). Most of IoT components are characterized by low capabilities in terms of both energy and computing resources and thus, they cannot implement complex algorithms supporting localization. Besides, existing algorithms fail to provide efficient localization supports. In order to address this issue, we design an efficient localization algorithm using sparse anchors, LASA, by modeling IoT into mass-spring system. Compared with previous algorithms, LASA has a lower computational complexity. Theoretical analysis shows that the algorithm has a good feature of convergence and the computational complexity by O(N), where N is the maximum number of nodes' neighbors in IoT. We evaluate the performance of this algorithm through some simulations. The results show that LASA is robust to anchors' position and better for convergence.
Synchronization Relation Tree: A Model for Temporal Synchronization in Multimedia Presentations

Schemes for specifying synchronization relations between multimedia data have important ramiications from user level speciication to system level schedule generation. This paper examines the problems of synchronizing multimedia objects in a multime-dia presentation. We present a scheme to handle the general problem of temporal relationship speciication and scheduling. The scheme proposes a two phased approach with a speciication phase and a scheduling phase. The rst phase focuses on assisting users to construct a consistent temporal relationship speciication. The second phase ensures that the actual presentation proceeds according to the consistent temporal relationship speciication despite dynamic factors such as resource contention. The use of Synchronization Relation Tree (SRT) as a formal temporal relationship speciication to capture the temporal information is proposed. Consistency checks can be performed on the SRT during the speciication phase. In order to guarantee the temporal relationships among various media objects as speciied in a SRT, a pair of message passing protocols is proposed to generate the accurate timing values required for actual presentation of the multimedia objects.
Fault detection for state-delay fuzzy systems subject to random communication delay

This paper is concerned with the problem of fault detection for discrete-time state-delay fuzzy systems. It is assumed that the output measurements are subject to random communication delay. The random communication delay is modeled as a finite state Markov process, and it is assumed that the transition probabilities are partially known. The problem addressed is the design of a delay-mode-dependent fuzzy fault detection filter, which is used as a residual generator, such that the estimation error between residual and fault (or, more generally, weighted fault) is as small as possible. Based on a fuzzy Lyapunov functional and Finsler’s Lemma, a delay-dependent sufficient condition for the solvability of the problem is established. The fault detection filter parameters can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Effect of GH/IGF-1 on Bone Metabolism and Osteoporsosis

Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are fundamental in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue formation by acting directly and indirectly on target cells; IGF-1 is a critical mediator of bone growth. Clinical studies reporting the use of GH and IGF-1 in osteoporosis and fracture healing are outlined. Methods. A Pubmed search revealed 39 clinical studies reporting the effects of GH and IGF-1 administration on bone metabolism in osteopenic and osteoporotic human subjects and on bone healing in operated patients with normal GH secretion. Eighteen clinical studies considered the effect with GH treatment, fourteen studies reported the clinical effects with IGF-1 administration, and seven related to the GH/IGF-1 effect on bone healing. Results. Both GH and IGF-1 administration significantly increased bone resorption and bone formation in the most studies. GH/IGF-1 administration in patients with hip or tibial fractures resulted in increased bone healing, rapid clinical improvements. Some conflicting results were evidenced. Conclusions. GH and IGF-1 therapy has a significant anabolic effect. GH administration for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures may greatly improve clinical outcome. GH interacts with sex steroids in the anabolic process. GH resistance process is considered.
Exploring Risk Perception and Intention to Engage in Social and Economic Activities During the South Korean MERS Outbreak

Analyzing data from a nationally representative online survey, this study explores the influence of individuals’ media exposure, information-gathering ability, and trust in institutions on their risk perceptions and behavioral intentions to engage in social and economic activities during the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. We find that media exposure, information-gathering ability, trust in the government, and trust in news media are significant factors in shaping the public’s risk perceptions of the virus, which in turn influenced their intentions to engage in social and economic activities. The results demonstrate that the MERS outbreak was not only a public health issue but also an economic one. The study findings have important implications for effective risk and health communication and for the roles of government and news media during future national risk events affecting public health.
Affiliation Structures in Groups of Young Children: A Computer Simulation.

A computer program is described that simulates the emergence of affiliation networks in preschool groups and examines theoretical issues raised by the model, including general issues of validation. The simulation implies that triadic interactions, although observed in preschool groups, are not essential in the formation of affiliative structures and that, in this age range, therefore, polyadic friendship groupings can be understood as sets of dyadic relationships. The model also demonstrates how group structures can be generated without reference to group-level processes. It also focuses attention on the role played by preference formation in social isolation, by demonstrating that inhibition of preferences can give rise to isolation. The model also suggests that social outcomes are best described by nonlinear functions
Toffoli network synthesis with templates

Reversible logic functions can be realized as networks of Toffoli gates. The synthesis of Toffoli networks can be divided into two steps. First, find a network that realizes the desired function. Second, transform the network such that it uses fewer gates, while realizing the same function. This paper addresses the above synthesis approach. We present a basic method and, based on that, a bidirectional synthesis algorithm which produces a network of Toffoli gates realizing a given reversible specification. An asymptotically optimal modification of the basic synthesis algorithm employing generalized mEXOR gates is also presented. Transformations are then applied using template matching. The basis for a template is a network of gates that realizes the identity function. If a sequence of gates in the synthesized network matches a sequence comprised of more than half the gates in a template, then a transformation using the remaining gates in the template can be applied resulting in a reduction in the gate count for the synthesized network. All templates with up to six gates are described in this paper. Experimental results including an exhaustive examination of all 3-variable reversible functions and a collection of benchmark problems are presented. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research.
Performance of Spatial Modulation Using Measured Real-World Channels

In this paper, for the first time real--world channel measurements are used to analyse the performance of spatial modulation (SM), where a full analysis of the average bit error rate performance (ABER) of SM using measured urban correlated and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels is provided. The channel measurements are taken from an outdoor urban multiple input multiple output (MIMO) measurement campaign. Moreover, ABER performance results using simulated Rayleigh fading channels are provided and compared with a derived analytical bound for the ABER of SM, and the ABER results for SM using the measured urban channels. The ABER results using the measured urban channels validate the derived analytical bound and the ABER results using the simulated channels. Finally, the ABER of SM is compared with the performance of spatial multiplexing (SMX) using the measured urban channels for small and large scale MIMO. It is shown that SM offers nearly the same or a slightly better performance than SMX for small scale MIMO. However, SM offers large reduction in ABER for large scale MIMO.