Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real time plasma equilibrium reconstruction in a Tokamak

The problem of equilibrium of a plasma in a Tokamak is a free boundary problemdescribed by the Grad-Shafranov equation in axisymmetric configurations. The right hand side of this equation is a non linear source, which represents the toroidal component of the plasma current density. This paper deals with the real time identification of this non linear source from experimental measurements. The proposed method is based on a fixed point algorithm, a finite element resolution, a reduced basis method and a least-square optimization formulation.
Real-time quantized optical flow

Algorithms based on the correlation of image patches can be robust in practice but are computationally intensive due to the computational complexity of their search-based nature. Performing the search over time instead of over space is linear in nature, rather than quadratic, and results in a very efficient algorithm. This, combined with implementations which are highly efficient on standard computing hardware, yields performance of over 5 frames per second on a scientific workstation. Although the resulting velocities are quantized with resulting quantization error, they have been shown to be sufficiently accurate for many robotic vision tasks such as time-to-collision and robotic navigation. Thus, this algorithm is highly suitable for real-time robotic vision research.
A Brief History of Psychology

The strength of this brief text is in its versatility. It can be used as a brief text for the History of Psychology course, either on its own or as a supplement to a full-size text (such as Schultz and Schultz A History of Modern Psychology 7/e). It can also be used in combination with a history of psychology reader (such as Huber's Psychology's Cornerstones 1/e), for those instructors who prefer to teach from primary sources. Finally, with a length of about 200 pages and a net price of 18.00, it can be used as a supplemental text for a variety of courses (e.g., Theories of Personality) in which the instructor wishes to provide a historical context for the subject matter.This is an updated version of a succinct text that has been popular for the last 3 decades, written by the son of famous Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer. The most important aspect of this revision is the addition of an analytical overview of the past 50 years in psychology.
The 75-kilodalton cytoplasmic Chlamydia trachomatis L2 polypeptide is a DnaK-like protein

The gene coding for the 75-kilodalton cytoplasmic Chlamydia trachomatis L2 polypeptide has been cloned in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. The cloned DNA fragment contained the coding region as well as the putative promoter. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 1,980-base-pair open reading frame revealed 94% homology with a 75-kilodalton protein from C. trachomatis serovar D and 57% homology with the DnaK proteins of E. coli and of Bacillus megaterium, while amino acid homology with human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was 42%. The promoter region was identified by computer search and by primer extension of mRNA synthesized in recombinant E. coli. The promoter region which differed from the putative promoter region in serovar D was shown to be a mixed promoter type in which the -10 region showed a regular TATA box configuration while the -35 region showed high homology with heat shock promoters. This mixed promoter was recognized in E. coli.
IsoWAN: A NASA science and engineering information and services framework

We believe that the next evolutionary step in supporting wide-area application and services delivery to customers is a network framework that provides for collocation of applications and services at distinct sites in the network, an interconnection between these sites that is performance optimized for these applications, and value-added services for applications. We use the term IsoWAN to describe an advanced, isolated network interconnect services framework that will enable applications to be more secure, and able to access and be in use in both local and remote environments. The main functions of an IsoWAN are virtual localization of application services, an application service interface, coordinated delivery of applications and associated data to the customer, and supporting collaborative application development for customers. An initial pilot network between three NASA Centers; Ames Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Marshall Space Flight Center, has been built and its properties are discussed.
Objective Intelligibility Measures Based on Mutual Information for Speech Subjected to Speech Enhancement Processing

We propose a novel method for objective speech intelligibility prediction which can be useful in many application domains such as hearing instruments and forensics. Most objective intelligibility measures available in the literature employ some kind of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a correlation-based comparison between the spectro-temporal representations of clean and processed speech. In this paper, we investigate the speech intelligibility prediction from the viewpoint of information theory and introduce novel objective intelligibility measures based on the estimated mutual information between the temporal envelopes of clean speech and processed speech in the subband domain. Mutual information allows to account for higher order statistics and hence to consider dependencies beyond the conventional second order statistics. Using data from three different listening tests it is shown that the proposed objective intelligibility measures provide promising results for speech intelligibility prediction in different scenarios of speech enhancement where speech is processed by non-linear modification strategies.
Cheating behavior detection based-on pictorial structure model

The video surveillance system is widely used in various areas. However, it is an intractable problem to process a large number of video data manually. There are many intelligent systems developed to analyze human behavior and detect unusual events, however, few concerns the cheating behavior in examinations. In this paper, we use video surveillance system to detect cheating behavior in the examination. The pose estimation method is presented to detect the cheating behavior, based on the analysis of the implementation environment. More in detail, the pictorial structure is adopted to model the human body and a required pose and skin color information is utilized to build the human appearance model. Finally, the belief propagation algorithm is used to infer the maximum a posterior pose. The experiment shows the effectiveness of our method.
Testing Service Composition

Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is aimed at providing the bases for building software by assembling independent, loosely coupled services. As any software development activity, also building a composite service requires strategies for performing quality assessment of applications and, in particular, testing. In this paper, we analyse the main alternatives for testing compositions (either in the form of choreographies or orchestrations), and survey current proposal for doing it.
Deficits in inferior frontal cortex activation in euthymic bipolar disorder patients during a response inhibition task

Townsend JD, Bookheimer SY, Foland‐Ross LC, Moody TD, Eisenberger NI, Fischer JS, Cohen MS, Sugar CA, Altshuler LL. Deficits in inferior frontal cortex activation in euthymic bipolar disorder patients during a response inhibition task. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 442–450. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
CUL4B activates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing Wnt antagonists

Activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is frequently observed in many types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently reported that cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein that assembles CRL4B ubiquitin ligase complexes, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumours and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressors. In this study, we characterized the function of CUL4B in HCC and investigated whether CUL4B is involved in the regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. CUL4B and β‐catenin were frequently up‐regulated and positively correlated in HCC tissues. CUL4B activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling by protecting β‐catenin from GSK3‐mediated degradation, achieved through CUL4B‐mediated epigenetic silencing of Wnt pathway antagonists. Knockdown of CUL4B resulted in the up‐regulation of Wnt signal antagonists such as DKK1 and PPP2R2B. Simultaneous knockdown of PPP2R2B partially reversed the down‐regulation of β‐catenin signalling caused by CUL4B depletion. Furthermore, CRL4B promoted the recruitment and/or retention of PRC2 at the promoters of Wnt antagonists and CUL4B knockdown decreased the retention of PRC2 components as well as H3K27me3. Knockdown of CUL4B reduced the proliferation, colony formation, and invasiveness of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo, and these effects were attenuated by introduction of exogenous β‐catenin or simultaneous knockdown of PPP2R2B. Conversely, ectopic expression of CUL4B enhanced the proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells. We conclude that CUL4B can up‐regulate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in human HCC through transcriptionally repressing Wnt antagonists and thus contributes to the malignancy of HCC. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Weighting of Landmarks for Face Recognition

A new method named Landmark Model Matching was recently proposed for fully automatic face recognition. It was inspired by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching and Active Shape Model. Landmark Model Matching consists of four phases: creation of the landmark distribution model, face finding, landmark finding, and recognition. A drawback in Landmark Model Matching is that, in the recognition phase, the weights given to different landmarks or facial feature points were determined experimentally. In this work, we optimized the weights given to landmarks, and thereby improved the recognition rates for the two benchmarks used.
Error analysis of model-based frequency- and time-domain methods for THz material parameter extraction

We investigate quantitatively the error of physical material-model based schemes for time-domain and frequency-domain analyses used to extract material-parameters from measurements acquired by THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems. An analytic analysis of the noise induced error and its effect on both methods is presented. Especially critical cases with strong resonance features and limited signal-to-noise ratio are addressed.
Participatory noise mapping

Participatory sensing allows for a person-centric approach to gathering environmental measurement data with, in principle, high gran- ularity in space and time. Here we report on a citizen science experiment for noise mapping a 1 km2 area in the city of Antwerp using NoiseTube, a participatory sensing framework for monitoring ambient noise. At the technical side, we set up measuring equipment in accordance with offi- cial norms insofar as they apply, also carrying out extensive calibration experiments. At the citizen side, we collaborated with up to 10 volunteers from a citizen-led Antwerp-based action group. From the data gathered we construct purely measurement-based noise maps of the targeted area with error margins of about 5dB, comparable to those of official simulation-based noise maps.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, PEROXYACETIC ACID, OCTANOIC ACID, PEROXYOCTANOIC ACID, AND 1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENE-1,1- DIPHOSPHONIC ACID (HEDP) AS COMPONENTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL WASHING SOLUTION

Hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid (POAA), octanoic acid, peroxyoctanoic acid (POOA) and 1hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic (HEDP) acid as components of antimicrobial washing treatments were recommended for evaluation at the 63rd Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA). The aqueous mixtures of the components as antimicrobial washing solutions, along with acetic acid as additional constituent, have not been subject of previous evaluation of the Committee. Commercial formulations of the mixtures, however, have already been subject of numerous governmental reviews and authorizations, and are approved for use in the United States, Canada and Australia. Drafting of the CTA was made based on the information provided through JECFA and review of some open literature.
Offline Signature Identification by Fusion of Multiple Classifiers using Statistical Learning Theory

This paper uses Support Vector Machines (SVM) to fuse multiple classifiers for an offline signature system. From the signature images, global and local features are extracted and the signatures are verified with the help of Gaussian empirical rule, Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance based classifiers. SVM is used to fuse matching scores of these matchers. Finally, recognition of query signatures is done by comparing it with all signatures of the database. The proposed system is tested on a signature database contains 5400 offline signatures of 600 individuals and the results are found to be promising.
Sexual Socialization for Grenadian Adolescents: An Exploratory Study

In the past decade, risky sexual behaviors have been a persistent concern for policy makers, parents, and social service providers in the Caribbean regions, including Grenada. When viewed from a social ecological perspective, adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes about sexuality can be learned from a range of sources to include parents, community, church, school, media, and peers. A grounded theory inquiry, investigating the sexual socialization of Grenadian, adolescent girls, revealed “sexual responsibility” as the central phenomenon through which emergent categories were structured. Findings from 12 participants indicated that Grenadian mothers largely relay values that have been learned from church and school experiences. Mothers seemed to serve as the primary source of guidance regarding adolescents’ perceptions of sexual health. Motherdaughter communication included: general messages about abstinence, asserting sexual limits, use of protection, abstinence until marriage, and abstinence due to school completion. Implications for further research, policy planning, and counseling practice are discussed.
Connected Component Level Discrimination of Handwritten and Machine-Printed Text Using Eigenfaces

We employ Eigenfaces to discriminate between handwritten and machine-printed text at the connected component (CC) level. Normalized images of machine print CCs are treated as points in a high-dimensional space. PCA yields a reduced-dimensional character space. Representative machine print CCs are projected into character space and a local distance threshold for each representative is automatically determined. CCs are classified as machine print if they are within the local distance threshold of their closest machine print representative. Otherwise, they are classified as handwriting. Recursive character segmentation using min graph cut is used to address the problem of touching characters. Validation over a large NIST handwriting and machine print database demonstrates precision of 93.98% and 89.1% for machine print and handwriting respectively.
Ethnic Variation in Environmental Belief and Behavior

We use national-level data to test a modified version of Stern, Dietz, & Guagnano’s causal model of environmental belief and behavior. We focus mainly on ethnic variation in environmental belief, as measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), and ethnic variation for four environmental behaviors: environmental reading, household recycling, environmental group joining, and participation in nature-based outdoor recreation. Blacks and foreign-born Latinos were less likely than Whites to score higher on the NEP. Any behavioral differences between Whites and the respective minority groups were expected to diminish with the inclusion of the NEP as an intervening variable in the model between ethnicity and behavior. However, ethnic differences remained stable and strong even when environmental belief was added. Overall, Asian American and U.S.-born Latino environmentalism was most similar to Whites. African American concern and behavior was least similar to White environmentalism. Gender, age, and liberal political orientation were also consistent explicators for both environmental concern and behavior.
New Progress in Angiogenesis Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease by Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction

Angiogenesis plays a vital part in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease and has become one of the hotspots that are being discussed in the past decades. At present, the promising angiogenesis therapies are gene therapy and stem cell therapy. Besides, a series of studies have shown that the ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) was a novel gene delivery system, due to its advantages of noninvasiveness, low immunogenicity and toxicity, repeatability and temporal and spatial target specificity; UTMD has also been used for angiogenesis therapy of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we mainly discuss the combination of UTMD and gene therapy or stem cell therapy which is applied in angiogenesis therapy in recent researches, and outline the future challenges and good prospects of these approaches.
Participatory action research as the approach for women’s empowerment

Women’s empowerment is recognized as an imperative for achieving women’s rights, health and development. The achievement of women’s empowerment as an end goal or even initiation of the process necessitates usage of approaches that promote participation and incite action. The Community Health Sciences Department (CHS) of Aga Khan University Karachi that is part of a five-component study (including four Asian countries) titled ‘Women’s Empowerment in Muslim Contexts’ (WEMC), used the participatory action research approach for women’s empowerment. Work with communities entailed reflection, analysis and action not only to create knowledge but for education, development of consciousness and mobilization for action. We adapted the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools to explore women’s perceptions and reflections on their existent situation and aspired needs with respect to empowerment, community’s overall health, mental health, reproductive health, daily work load, access to resources, participation in decision-making and violence against women. Our experience emerged as a five-step model of participatory action research for women’s empowerment that included steps of field inquiry, analysis for action, advocacy training, policy dialogue and tracking action for change. Reflections on this model can serve as a learning instrument for those engaged with community based work and social transformation.
Developmental expression and spermatogenic stage specificity of transcription factors GATA-1 and GATA-4 and their cofactors FOG-1 and FOG-2 in the mouse testis.

OBJECTIVE The transcription factors GATA-1 and GATA-4 have been implicated in the regulation of testicular development and function. Their cofactors FOG-1 and FOG-2 are expressed in the gonads, but their cell-specific and developmental expression in the testis remains unresolved. Therefore, we analyzed GATA-1, GATA-4, FOG-1 and FOG-2 expression in detail, from undifferentiated male urogenital ridge to adult testis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were applied on mouse testicular samples. RESULTS GATA-4 and FOG-2, but not GATA-1 or FOG-1, were expressed as early as in the male urogenital ridge. FOG-2 expression was localized in the Sertoli cells at embryonal day 12.5 (E12.5), but it diminished with advancing fetal testicular development. In E17.5 testis, FOG-2 was present only in the testicular capsule and a subset of fetal Leydig cells. FOG-1 was expressed from E15.5 Sertoli cells onwards, whereas GATA-1 was not detected during the fetal period at all. In the postnatal testis, FOG-2 was abundantly expressed immediately after birth, but in adult testis its expression was predominantly restricted to stage VII-XII seminiferous tubules. Stage specificity was also found for FOG-1, which, similarly to GATA-1, was abundantly expressed in stage VII-XII tubules during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that FOG-2, in addition to GATA-4, has a role in early gonadal development and sexual differentiation, and FOG-1 at later fetal stages, while GATA-1 executes its action postnatally. The findings suggest that, in contrast to the hematopoietic system and the heart, GATA-1 and GATA-4 do not use FOG-1 and FOG-2 respectively as their only cofactors during the early stages of testicular development.
Reversible and irreversible processing of biogenic olefins on acidic aerosols

Recent evidence has suggested that heterogeneous chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily carbonyls, plays a role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, evidence is emerging that direct uptake of alkenes on acidic aerosols does occur and can contribute to SOA formation. In the present study, significant uptake of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes to acidic sulfate aerosols is found under various conditions in a reaction chamber. Proton transfer mass spectrometry is used to quantify the organic gases, while an aerosol mass spectrometer is used to quantify the organic mass uptake and obtain structural information for heterogeneous products. Aerosol mass spectra are consistent with several mechanisms including acid catalyzed olefin hydration, cationic polymerization and organic ether formation, while measurable decreases in the sulfate mass on a per particle basis suggest that the formation of organosulfate compounds is also likely. A portion of the heterogeneous reactions appears to be reversible, consistent with reversible olefin hydration reactions. A slow increase in the organic mass after a fast initial uptake is attributed to irreversible reactions, consistent with polymerization and organosulfate formation. Uptake coefficients (γ) were estimated for a fast initial uptake governed by the mass accommodation coefficient (α) and ranged from 1×10 -6 -2.5×10 -2 . Uptake coefficients for a subsequent slower reactive uptake ranged from 1×10 -7 -1×10 -4 . These processes may potentially lead to a considerable amount of SOA from the various biogenic hydrocarbons under acidic conditions, which can be highly significant for freshly nucleated aerosols, particularly given the large array of atmospheric olefins.
Analyzing the discipline of preprocessor annotations in 30 million lines of C code

The C preprocessor cpp is a widely used tool for implementing variable software. It enables programmers to express variable code (which may even crosscut the entire implementation) with conditional compilation. The C preprocessor relies on simple text processing and is independent of the host language (C, C++, Java, and so on). Language-independent text processing is powerful and expressive - programmers can make all kinds of annotations in the form of #ifdefs - but can render unpreprocessed code difficult to process automatically by tools, such as refactoring, concern management, and variability-aware type checking. We distinguish between disciplined annotations, which align with the underlying source-code structure, and undisciplined annotations, which do not align with the structure and hence complicate tool development. This distinction raises the question of how frequently programmers use undisciplined annotations and whether it is feasible to change them to disciplined annotations to simplify tool development and to enable programmers to use a wide variety of tools in the first place. By means of an analysis of 40 medium-sized to large-sized C programs, we show empirically that programmers use cpp mostly in a disciplined way: about 84% of all annotations respect the underlying source-code structure. Furthermore, we analyze the remaining undisciplined annotations, identify patterns, and discuss how to transform them into a disciplined form.