Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical Strategies in 74 Patients for Restoration of Dynamic Depressor Muscle Mechanism: A Neglected Target in Facial Reanimation

The facial depressor muscles are an essential component of a full denture smile. In addition, the depressor muscles are actively used to express other human emotions such as sadness, anger, depression, and sorrow. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques, it is surprising how little effort has been directed toward reanimation of the lower lip. This article presents innovative approaches used in 74 patients by the senior author since 1981 for the dynamic reanimation of depressor muscle function. The surgical techniques include transfer of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (n = 22) and transfer of the platysma muscle (n = 26) as a pedicled muscle to the corner of the mouth. Other surgical interventions used are the mini-hypoglossal nerve transfer to the cervicofacial branch of the ipsilateral facial nerve (n = 20), direct neurotization of the depressor muscles (n = 6), and facial-to-facial nerve transfer. The depressor muscle function was graded by four observers after reviewing standard preoperative and postoperative videotapes. Rating of the functional and aesthetic results was done according to the following arbitrary scale: excellent (2), good (1.5), moderate (1), fair (0.5), and poor (0). Sixty-nine percent of the patients who had a digastric muscle transfer displayed good to excellent results, and 24 percent showed moderate restoration of the depressor mechanism postoperatively. Eighty-three percent of patients who had platysma transfer to the lower lip demonstrated good to excellent outcome, and 11 percent had moderate depressor muscle function. In the hypoglossal nerve transfer group, 72 percent of the patients achieved good to excellent results and 15 percent had moderate function of the depressor mechanism. Of the patients who underwent direct neurotization, 34 percent showed good to excellent depressor muscle function postoperatively and 66 percent achieved fair depressor muscle function. Excellent outcome was noted in the patient with VII to VII nerve transfer. In conclusion, this article presents innovative approaches to restore dynamic depressor muscle function, which so far has been a neglected area of facial reanimation.
Crystal structure of 2,5-dimethylanilinium salicylate

The title molecular salt, C8H12N+·C7H5O3 − arose from the proton-transfer reaction between 2,5-xylidine and salicylic acid. In the anion, the dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic ring and the –CO2 − group is 11.08 (8)°; this near planarity is consolidated by an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the components are connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with all three O atoms in the anion acting as acceptors; the result is a [100] chain. The structure also features weak C—H⋯O bonds and aromatic π–π stacking [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7416 (10) Å] interactions, which lead to a three-dimensional network.
Prolactin Receptor and Uterine Milk Protein Expression in the Ovine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy1

Abstract Lactogenic hormones regulate epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and function in a variety of epitheliomesenchymal organs. During pregnancy, the ovine uterus is a potential site for endocrine and paracrine actions of lactogenic hormones in the form of pituitary prolactin (PRL) and placental lactogen (PL). These studies determined temporal and spatial alterations in PRL receptor (PRL-R) and expression of uterine milk proteins (UTMP), a marker of endometrial secretory activity, in the ovine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Slot-blot hybridization analysis indicated that steady-state levels of endometrial PRL-R mRNA increased during pregnancy. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that PRL-R mRNA and protein were exclusively expressed in the endometrial glandular epithelium (GE). No PRL-R mRNA expression was detected in luminal epithelium, stroma, myometrium, or conceptus trophectoderm. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses determined that the endometrial GE expressed both long and short alternative splice forms of the ovine PRL-R gene. Slot-blot hybridization analysis indicated that steady-state levels of intercaruncular endometrial UTMP mRNA increased about 3-fold between Days 20 and 60, increased another 3-fold between Days 60 and 80, and then declined slightly to Day 120. In pregnant ewes, UTMP mRNA expression was restricted to the endometrial GE in the stratum spongiosum (sGE), increased substantially between Days 15 and 17, and, between Days 17 to 50 of gestation, was markedly higher in upper than lower sGE. After Day 50, hyperplasia of the sGE was accompanied by increased UTMP mRNA expression by all sGE. Collectively, results indicate that 1) endometrial sGE is a primary target for actions of lactogenic hormones and 2) UTMP mRNA expression is correlated with PL production by the trophectoderm and state of sGE differentiation during pregnancy. It is proposed that activation of PRL-R signal transduction pathways by PRL and PL plays a major role in endometrial GE remodeling and differentiated function during pregnancy in support of conceptus growth and development.
Constraints and Opportunities with Interview Transcription: Towards Reflection in Qualitative Research

In this paper we discuss the complexities of interview transcription. While often seen as a behind-the-scenes task, we suggest that transcription is a powerful act of representation. Transcription is practiced in multiple ways, often using naturalism, in which every utterance is captured in as much detail as possible, and/or denaturalism, in which grammar is corrected, interview noise (e.g., stutters, pauses, etc.) is removed and non-standard accents (i.e., non-majority) are standardized. In this article, we discuss the constraints and opportunities of our transcription decisions and point to an intermediate, reflective step. We suggest that researchers incorporate reflection into their research design by interrogating their transcription decisions and the possible impact these decisions may have on participants and research outcomes.
Periodograms and pulse detection methods for pulsatile hormone data

Pulse detection algorithms and spectral analysis are the two most common methods for analysing pulsatile hormone data. We compared a popular high quality pulse detection algorithm (CLUSTER) to spectral analysis on a data set comparing luteinizing hormone data in depressed and control women. For these data, periodogram analysis methods, in particular Fisher's periodicity test, were superior in distinguishing the groups. Extending the pulse detection method to include measures of intra‐individual variability improved its discriminatory performance. The two methods complement each other. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Caries Lesion Under the Scanning Acoustic Microscope

The scanning acoustic microscope can be used to obtain images of caries lesions in longitudinal sections of human enamel. The contrast in the acoustic images is unique in that it arises from changes in the elastic properties across the surface of a specimen. The contrast depends sensitively on the distance between the specimen and the focal plane of the lens, and this can be exploited to reveal features of interest. Comparison of an acoustic micrograph, a polarized light micrograph, and a microradiograph of a caries lesion reveals that the elastic properties of enamel are strongly dependent on the level of mineralization within the tissue. Acoustic micrographs show regions similar to those seen with the other techniques, but with greater sensitivity to small changes in mineralization.
Single image defogging with single and multiple hybrid scattering model

Image defogging (IDF) removes influences of fogs from an image to improve its quality. Since defogged images can significantly boost the performance of subsequent processing, IDF has attracted many attentions from the computer vision community. However, existing IDF algorithms are built on the assumption that light is scattered once by a grain. Since such assumption is violated if images are contaminated by dense haze or heavy fog, traditional IDF algorithms often fail in this situation. In this paper, we propose a hybrid image defogging (HIDF) algorithm to overcome this deficiency. In particular, HIDF applies the single scattering physics model (SSPM) to pixels dominated by single scattering of light, and applies the multiple scattering physics model (MSPM) to remaining pixels. To distinguish two types of pixels, HIDF utilizes the optical thickness of corresponding pixels. If optical thickness is smaller than a threshold that determines whether the single scattering or the multiple scattering dominates, HIDF applies the SSPM, and HIDF applies the MSPM otherwise. Experimental results on several popular foggy images demonstrate that HIDF competes with the state-of-the-art algorithms, and show the promise of HIDF for defogging heavily foggy images.
Social demographic change and autism

Parental age at child’s birth—which has increased for U.S. children in the 1992–2000 birth cohorts—is strongly associated with an increased risk of autism. By turning a social demographic lens on the historical patterning of concordance among twin pairs, we identify a central mechanism for this association: de novo mutations, which are deletions, insertions, and duplications of DNA in the germ cells that are not present in the parents ’ DNA. Along the way, we show that a demographic eye on the rising prevalence of autism leads to three major discoveries. First, the estimated heritability of autism has been dramatically overstated. Second, heritability estimates can change over remarkably short periods of time because of increases in germ cell mutations. Third, social demographic change can yield genetic changes that, at the population level, combine to contribute to the increased prevalence of autism.
Energy-efficient and QoS-aware geographic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we propose a new energy-efficient and QoS-aware geographic routing (EQGR) protocol for wireless sensor networks. EQGR maximizes the network lifetime and uses optimum cost function to select the best neighbor node. For minimizing inter-node and intra-node timeliness, we use two neighbor information routing tables for reliability and real-time domains. To minimize the queue waiting time for time-sensitive packets, scheduling policy considers different priorities for different types of data according to their criticality. Simulation results show that EQGR can achieve reliable data forwarding with energy-efficiency, low missed-deadline data delivery, low end-to-end latency, and extremely low control signal overhead.
Cahn-Hilliard inpainting with the double obstacle potential

The inpainting of damaged images has a wide range of applications and many different mathematical methods have been proposed to solve this problem. Inpainting witht the help of Cahn--Hilliard models has been particularly successful, and it turns out that Cahn--Hilliard inpainting with the double obstacle potential can lead to better results compared to inpainting with a smooth double well potential. However, a mathematical analysis of this approach is missing so far. In this paper we give first analytical results for a Cahn--Hilliard double obstacle model and in particular we can show existence of stationary solutions without constraints on the parameters involved. With the help of numerical results we show the effectiveness of the approach for binary and grayscale images.
Structure and Function of Poly ( 3-Hydroxybutyrate ) Depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T 1

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 is composed of three domains: the catalytic (C) domain, the fibronectin type III-like (F) domain, and the substrate-binding (S) domain. We constructed domain deletion, inversion, chimera, and extra-F-domain mutants and examined their enzyme activity and PHB-binding ability. In addition, we performed substitution of Asp and His with glycine and aspartate, respectively, to examine their participation in a catalytic triad together with Ser. The mutant with both the F and S domains deleted and the trypsin-digested enzyme showed no PHB-hydrolyzing activity and less PHB-binding ability than that of the wild-type enzyme but retained D-(2)-3-hydroxybutyrate trimerhydrolyzing activity at a level similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. The mutant with the F domain deleted and the mutant which had the order of the F and S domains inverted retained PHB-binding ability and trimer-hydrolyzing activity at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme but lost PHB-hydrolyzing activity. The chimera mutant, in which the F domain was substituted with a Thr-rich domain of PHB depolymerase A from Pseudomonas lemoignei, and the extra-F-domain mutant, with an additional F domain, retained trimerand PHB-hydrolyzing activities and PHB-binding ability at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. Two mutants (D214G and H273D) showed no enzymatic activity toward trimer and PHB, and they were not labeled with [H]diisopropylfluorophosphate.
Feed-forward control of non-minimum phase XY table system using Trajectory Fuzzy-RLS Hybrid ZPETC

A tracking control for non-minimum phase (NMP) XY Table could not use directly the inverse closed-loop transfer function as the feed-forward controller. This is due to unstable zeros of the closed-loop transfer function will become unstable poles at the feed-forward controller. Thus, ZPETC was introduced to encounter this unstable zeros problem. The ZPETC that was introduced by Tomizuka has unity gain for low frequencies, but not at high frequencies. Hence, this paper proposed a scheme called Trajectory Fuzzy-RLS Hybrid ZPETC without factorization of zeros polynomial where the optimum controller parameters are obtained offline using recursive least square (RLS) method and further retune online through fuzzy inference system (FIS). The tracking performance was compared with the design using Trajectory-Adaptive ZPETC. The simulation and real-time controls of the NMP XY Table show that the tracking performances for circular movement are significantly improved.
Clinical leaders at the forefront of change in health-care systems: advantages and issues. Lessons learned from the evaluation of the implementation of an integrated oncological services network

Based on lessons learned from the evaluation of the implementation of an integrated oncological services network in Québec, this paper discusses the following question: to what extent is strong clinical leadership a propitious means of transforming health-care systems, especially when the change leads to significant evolution in inter-professional and inter-organizational relations? Through a qualitative case study, we analysed the exercising of leadership by studying over time the clinical leaders' initiatives while trying to understand the sources of influence, the nature of the tactics adopted and their consequences for the degree of integration of health services. This study seems to show that clinical leadership is effective but limited. We conclude that a constellation of clinical, administrative and political leaders found at different levels of the health-care system offers more promise of positive change for the health-care system.
Determinants and treatment of hypertension in South Africans: the first Demographic and Health Survey.

OBJECTIVES To identify the groups of patients with high prevalence and poor control of hypertension in South Africa. METHODS In the first national Demographic and Health Survey, 12 952 randomly selected South Africans aged 15 years and older were surveyed. Trained interviewers completed questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and the management of hypertension. This cross-sectional survey included blood pressure, height and weight measurements. Logistic regression analyses identified the determinants of hypertension and the treatment status. RESULTS A high risk of hypertension was associated with less than tertiary education, older age groups, overweight and obese people, excess alcohol use, and a family history of stroke and hypertension. Hypertension risk was lowest in rural blacks and significantly higher in obese black women than in women with a normal body mass index. Improved hypertension control was found in the wealthy, women, older persons, Asians, and persons with medical insurance. CONCLUSIONS Rural black people had lower hypertension prevalence rates than the other groups. Poorer, younger men without health insurance had the worst level of hypertension control.
Integrated Control Technique for Compliance of Solar Photovoltaic Installation Grid Codes

Energy policies along with technological advancements in power electronics have allowed a high penetration of photovoltaic installations. To normalize grid connections, in particular for solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, an arrangement of requirements have been set as a grid code to prove that this penetration can provide support and fully control during both steady-state and transient conditions of the grid. In this paper, a control system for a PV installation connected to the grid is developed to accomplish the requirements raised in the 2010 draft version of the Spanish grid code P.O. 12.2. Control loops for steady-state conditions as well as transient conditions (voltage dips, swells, and frequency control) have been implemented. Simulations have been performed using PSCAD/EMTDC™ program and supported by field tests of an existing PV installation in Spain using the voltage dip generator.
All-fibered high-quality 20-GHz and 40-GHz picosecond pulse generator

In this work, we investigate the generation of 20 and 40 GHz pulse trains by nonlinear compression of an initial beating in a cavity-less optical-fiber-based configuration. High temporal stability is obtained by generating the sinusoidal beating by means of an intensity modulator driven by an external clock. The residual timing jitter induced by the RF phase modulation is then reduced by managing the cumulated dispersion of the compression line whereas complete polarization stabilization is obtained thanks to a modified setup including a Faraday rotator mirror. Finally a high-quality 160 Gbit/s signal is generated from our low duty-cycle 40 GHz pulse source thanks to optical time domain multiplexing.
SG01 at the NTCIR-13 STC-2 Task

We describe how we build the system for NTCIR-13 Short Text Conversation (STC) Chinese subtask. In our system, we use the retrieval-based method and the generationbased method respectively. For the retrieval-based method, we develop several features to match the candidates and then apply a learning to rank algorithm to get properly ranked results. For the generation-based method, we first generate various high-quality comments and then do ranking to select better ones. As reported in the task overview, we have achieved top performance in both methods with three submissions for the retrieval-based method and five submissions for the generation-based method.
DRAFT Towards a Well-Behaved Web

In order to realize the full potential of the World Wide Web as an open and dynamic network of information, it is important to govern how web entities (e.g., web services and agents) behave in terms of what resources they access (security), how their information is used by others (privacy), whether they are reliable (trust), and how they establish and fulfill social and business obligations and contracts (obligation management). We propose that a declarative policy-based approach be used, where the norms or rules of ideal behavior of web entities are described in a machine-understandable specification language and web protocols are modified to include policy exchange, negotiation, compliance checking, and possibly enforcement. Web entities can define policies for several aspects of both their own behavior and the expected behavior of entities they will interact with, including security, privacy, collaboration, and commitments. These policies can be easily updated causing the behavior of the entities to be modified but without affecting the underlying protocols, mechanisms, or architecture. Along with providing the openness required, these policies also provide greater autonomy as they help interacting entities understand each others capabilities, requirements, limitations, and obligations and infer what their ideal behavior should be and act accordingly. In this paper, we describe Rei, a policy specification language represented in an extension of OWL-Lite, which can be used to describe and regulate different kinds of behavior in a wide range of domains. Along with using a rule-based approach for greater expressivity, it also models several aspects of social policies including consequences of violating policies and conditional permissions that grant certain permissions on the condition that the authorized entities take on certain additional responsibilities. We illustrate the applicability of Rei for policy management of the web through two prototype applications namely (i) web privacy, and (ii) security, privacy, and confidentiality for semantic web services.
Bis[μ-4-methyl-2-(2-pyridylmethylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-κN 1]bis[(trifluoromethanesulfonato-κO)silver(I)]

In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Ag2(CF3SO3)2(C11H11N3S)2], the AgI atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two 4-methyl-2-(2-pyridylmethylsulfanyl)pyrimidine ligands and one O atom from a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion in a distorted T-type coordination geometry. The ligand adopts a bidentate bridging coordination mode through one pyridyl N atom and one pyrimidine N atom. In the crystal structure, π–π interactions are present between adjacent pyrimidine rings, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.875 (7) Å.
Fuzzy c-means clustering of partially missing data sets based on statistical representation

The fuzzy c-means algorithm is a useful technique for clustering real s-dimensional data, but it can not be directly used for partially missing data sets. In this paper, the problem of missing data handling for fuzzy clustering is considered, and a statistical representation of missing attributes is proposed. The approach reduces the statistical analysis of missing attributes to the subsets of the dataset with similar data of incomplete data to impute the missing attributes, thus is helpful in enhancing the learning of missing attributes and the performance of fuzzy clustering based on the recovered data. Comparisons and analysis of the clustering results of the incomplete IRIS data demonstrate that the proposed statistical representation can estimate missing attributes rationally and improve the fuzzy c-means clustering of incomplete data.
Linear and arithmetically-progressive taxation of spectrum resources in cognitive OFDMA

In this paper, we consider a Cognitive Radio (CR) OFDMA-based network, in which the nodes detect available spectrum resources, and adopt a subset of accessible spectrum units (subcarriers). The idea of our approach to the efficient spectrum utilization is to allow each node to optimize the resources acquisition, where the competition of nodes for available common resources is observed. This can be modeled as a multi-stage game in the sense of game theory. In our game model, the efficiency and rationality mechanisms have been introduced in the utility function, which reflect the throughput achieved by a single player and the network potential to serve multiple nodes. Moreover, taxation of resources is recommended to coerce desirable players' behavior. Simulation results show that there exist the trade-ff values of the linear and arithmetically-progressive tax-rate parameters to approach high overall spectral efficiency, high perceived throughput and fairness in distributing available resources.