Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fundamental motor skills: A systematic review of terminology

ABSTRACT The three aims of this systematic review are to describe: (1) use of the term fundamental motor/movement skills (FMS) in published articles; (2) the quality of definitions; and (3) relative use of process- and product- oriented assessments to measure FMS. The inclusion criteria included: (a) peer-reviewed article, (b) printed in English, (c) published between January 2000 and 31 December 2015, (d) presence of either the term “fundamental motor or movement skill” in the title and/or abstract, and (e) FMS were a measured outcome. There has been an increase in the number of publications on FMS in recent years, with the majority of studies conducted in Australia (n = 41, 33%). Approximately 24% of studies (n = 30) did not provide any explicit definition of FMS. A majority of studies reported the use of process-oriented measures (n = 98, 79%) compared to product-oriented measures (n = 23, 19%), and few studies used both (n = 6, 5%). We recommend that researchers provide: (1) an operational definition of FMS that states FMS are the “building blocks” (or similar terminology) of more advanced, complex movements; (2) specific categories of skills that compose FMS; and (3) at least one specific example of a FMS.
Cardiovascular Risk Markers and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients

Background: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy that affects 14%-30% of patients with skin and/or nail psoriasis, leading to severe physical limitations and disability. It has been included in the group of spondyloarthropathy with which it shares clinical, radiologic, and sero-logic features in addition to familial and genetic relationship. Beyond skin and joint involvement, psoriat-ic arthritis is characterized by a high prevalence of extra-articular manifestation and comorbidities, such as autoimmune, infectious and neoplastic diseases. In particular, an increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidity has been observed in psoriatic arthritis patients. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE) up until January 2017. Studies were included if they contained data on CV disease and/or risk factors in PsA and each article was then reviewed for quality and clinical relevance. After completing the literature search all screened literature was summarized and discussed in our study group (CaRDDs study group). All literature and comments were included in the systematic review. Results: The initial search produced 278 abstracts, which were narrowed to 83 potentially relevant arti-cles by preliminary review of the titles and by excluding review articles and case report (n = 195). Thirty articles were deemed ineligible after examining the abstracts. Full texts of the remaining 53 articles were retrieved. The majority of articles excluded were due to only providing data on patients with psoriasis or due to being not relevant to the CV risk in PsA. In the end, 32 articles were deemed eligible for this re-view. Conclusion: Psoriatic arthritis appeared significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and en-dothelial dysfunction and, in turn, with an increased cardiovascular risk. Thus, patients with psoriatic ar-thritis may benefit from a periodic assessment of surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk. This could help to establish more specific cardiovascular prevention strategies for these patients
Using Carbon, Oxygen, Strontium, and Lead Isotopes in Modern Human Teeth for Forensic Investigations: A Critical Overview Based on Data from Bulgaria

Isotopic data obtained from human remains can provide information about an individual's origin, migration, and diet. We evaluate the usefulness of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopes for forensic investigations by comparing data from Bulgarian teeth with data from other regions. Geo‐referencing based on oxygen or strontium isotopes can be misleading due to overlap with other countries in Europe and other continents. Carbon and lead isotopes, in combination with oxygen and strontium isotopes, provide the most useful information for identification of local vs foreigner status. In particular, high‐precision Pb isotopes show a distinct “Bulgarian” range; however, it is possible that individuals from other countries in Eastern Europe and/or central to western Asia could have overlapping isotopic values. Additional high‐precision multi‐isotope data from modern humans from different regions in the world are required to transition from speculative to more quantitative estimation of a geographical place of origin for unidentified human remains.
Learning with Weak Supervision from Physics and Data-Driven Constraints

In many applications of machine learning, labeled data is scarce and obtaining additional labels is expensive. We introduce a new approach to supervising learning algorithms without labels by enforcing a small number of domain-specific constraints over the algorithms’ outputs. The constraints can be provided explicitly based on prior knowledge — e.g. we may require that objects detected in videos satisfy the laws of physics — or implicitly extracted from data using a novel framework inspired by adversarial training. We demonstrate the effectiveness of constraint-based learning on a variety of tasks — including tracking, object detection, and human pose estimation — and we find that algorithms supervised with constraints achieve high accuracies with only a small amount of labels, or with no labels at all in some cases.
Deep Knowledge Training and Heterogeneous CNN for Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition

It is well known that the handwritten Chinese text recognition is a difficult problem since there are a large number of classes. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a whole new framework for unconstrained handwritten Chinese text recognition. The core module of the framework is the heterogeneous CNN trained by deep knowledge. The experimental results showed that our proposed method could achieve much better performance than the state-of-the-art methods (96.28% vs. 91.39% of CR on CASIA test set). Moreover, since the proposed framework is general, it can also be applied to other time sequence problems, such as speech recognition and video analysis.
Explaining the persistence of false memories: a proposal based on associative activation and thematic extraction

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyse the effect of retention intervals on associative and thematic false memories. Two experiments, using two types of critical items that were either associatively or thematically related to studied material, were conducted. In both experiments, one group of participants performed a recognition test immediately after the presentation of lists, and another group performed the task one week later. In Experiment 1, the recognition test consisted of pairs of items with four response alternatives (both items had been presented, only the left item had been presented, only the right item had been presented or none of the items had been presented). Critical items were also manipulated so that they were either presented in or absent from the list. In Experiment 2, a standard recognition test that differed in the mode of presentation was used: self-paced or speeded response. Both experiments showed that associative critical items were more recognised than thematic critical items in the immediate condition. However, whereas associative critical items decayed after a one-week delay, thematic critical items were similarly recognised at both retention intervals. The findings of the present study suggest that each type of process – associative and thematic – behave differently over time.
An Event-Triggered Machine Learning Approach for Accelerometer-Based Fall Detection

The fixed-size non-overlapping sliding window (FNSW) and fixed-size overlapping sliding window (FOSW) approaches are the most commonly used data-segmentation techniques in machine learning-based fall detection using accelerometer sensors. However, these techniques do not segment by fall stages (pre-impact, impact, and post-impact) and thus useful information is lost, which may reduce the detection rate of the classifier. Aligning the segment with the fall stage is difficult, as the segment size varies. We propose an event-triggered machine learning (EvenT-ML) approach that aligns each fall stage so that the characteristic features of the fall stages are more easily recognized. To evaluate our approach, two publicly accessible datasets were used. Classification and regression tree (CART), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), logistic regression (LR), and the support vector machine (SVM) were used to train the classifiers. EvenT-ML gives classifier F-scores of 98% for a chest-worn sensor and 92% for a waist-worn sensor, and significantly reduces the computational cost compared with the FNSW- and FOSW-based approaches, with reductions of up to 8-fold and 78-fold, respectively. EvenT-ML achieves a significantly better F-score than existing fall detection approaches. These results indicate that aligning feature segments with fall stages significantly increases the detection rate and reduces the computational cost.
Numerical simulation of columnar dendritic grain growth during weld solidification process

A numerical model based on cellular automaton algorithm is developed to simulate dendrite growth at the edge of weld molten pool and the solute diffusion during grain growing process in weld solidification is analysed too. By means of two-dimensional square cells and von Neumann neighbourhood, the growing morphologies of the columnar dendritic grains with different cooling rates and different numbers of seeds are simulated. The growth of secondary dendrite arms, tertiary dendrite arms and their competitive growth are also presented. The results illustrate that the final primary dendrite spacing depends on the number of seeds that initially generated. With increasing cooling rate, the growing speed is increasing obviously. It is also indicated that competitive growth exists between different dendrite arms. The tendency of competitive growth in high cooling rate conditions is weaker than the one in relatively small cooling rate conditions.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee

• Identification of chronic kidney disease in people with diabetes requires screening for proteinuria, as well as an assessment of serum creatinine converted into an estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR). • All individuals with chronic kidney disease should be considered at high risk for cardiovascular events and should be treated to reduce these risks. • The development and progression of renal damage in diabetes can be reduced and slowed through intensive glycemic control and optimization of blood pressure. Progression of chronic kidney disease in diabetes can also be slowed through the use of medications that disrupt the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
Adaptive Transceiver Design for C-RAN in mmWave Communications

An adaptive array design is proposed for hybrid beamforming in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications in the context of cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). More explicitly, the adaptive design focuses on the physical layer aspect of C-RAN. The adaptation is performed at two levels, depending on whether the channel is of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) nature. First, the antenna array architecture can be adapted between a fully connected and a sub-array-connected architecture. Then, the employment of a digital precoder in the baseband is decided based on both the channel conditions and the architecture employed. We show that the proposed adaptive design performs better than the fully connected and sub-array-connected constituent designs, when the channel varies between LOS and NLOS scenarios. Then, we extend our proposed adaptive design to mmWave communications in the context of C-RAN, where we propose an adaptive virtual cell formation algorithm, where a user can be connected to one or two remote radio heads, depending on the channel conditions.
Binder-free porous PEDOT electrodes for flexible supercapacitors

Conducting polymers are attractive for potential applications in flexible electronic industries because of their unique advantages. To simplify the process of electrode preparation, porous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film electrodes without binder and conductive additive were synthesized facilely for flexible supercapacitors via an in situ solution micro polymerization at the surface of a soft etched tunnel aluminum (ETA) template at room temperature. The template was directly used as the current collector of electrodes. The morphologies of the samples and the template were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the polymer molecular structure and composition were analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Symmetric supercapacitors were assembled with the PEDOT electrodes, Celgard 2300 separator, and 1.0 M LiPF6/EC+DMC+EMC (1 : 1 : 1 in volume) electrolyte. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using different techniques like galvanostatic charging/discharging tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results from different current densities and scanning rates show the supercapacitors have good rate performance. The specific capacitance, energy density, and coulombic efficiency of the PEDOT supercapacitor can reach 69.0 F g−1 (or 103.0 F m−2), 24.0 Wh kg−1, and ∼95% at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the PEDOT electrodes exhibit relatively good cycle performance, and the capacitance retention ratio is ∼72% after 1500 cycles. The electrode process was discussed. The results are comparable to that of the reported PEDOT, which indicates the applicability of the novel simple method of solution microreaction at the surface of a soft metal template to directly prepare binder-free flexible electrodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42549.
Gait Speed Predicts Decline in Attention and Psychomotor Speed in Older Adults: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study

Background/Aims: Gait speed is cross-sectionally associated with attention and psychomotor speed in older community dwellers. It is unclear if gait speed predicts decline in these cognitive domains over time. Methods: Usual gait speed (m/s) over 6 m was measured at baseline in 2,776 Health, Aging and Body Composition Study participants (mean age ± SD 73.5 ± 2.8 years, 53% women, 37% blacks). The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was administered at baseline and after 5 years to assess attention and psychomotor speed. We used multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the risk of DSST 5-year decline [>1 SD from mean change (9 points)] across quartiles of gait speed, adjusting for demographics, weight, physical activity, comorbidities, depression and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: After 5 years, 389 (17.1%) participants declined in DSST. Compared to those in the highest quartile of gait speed (>1.35 m/s), participants in the lowest quartile (<1.05 m/s) were more likely to decline in DSST independently of the considered covariates (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.51, adjusted p for trend across quartiles = 0.006). Conclusions: In this cohort of older community dwellers, gait speed independently predicted a decline in DSST after 5 years.
Repair shielding of platinum-DNA lesions in testicular germ cell tumors by high-mobility group box protein 4 imparts cisplatin hypersensitivity

Significance High-mobility group box protein 4 (HMGB4) is a transcription repressor preferentially expressed in the testes and binds cisplatin-damaged DNA. Investigating the DNA-damage recognition potential of HMGB4 and its relevance to cancer is of clinical importance. In this study, we found that HMGB4 regulates the sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) to cisplatin treatment. HMGB4 imparts repair shielding of platinum-DNA lesions in human TGCTs, rendering lesions inaccessible to the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. Our results show that cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cells complemented with HMGB4 become sensitive to cisplatin. Furthermore, the ability of HMGB4 to modulate the cell cycle response, NER, apoptosis, and MAPK suggests a critical role for this protein in conveying cisplatin hypersensitivity in TGCTs. Cisplatin is the most commonly used anticancer drug for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). The hypersensitivity of TGCTs to cisplatin is a subject of widespread interest. Here, we show that high-mobility group box protein 4 (HMGB4), a protein preferentially expressed in testes, uniquely blocks excision repair of cisplatin-DNA adducts, 1,2-intrastrand cross-links, to potentiate the sensitivity of TGCTs to cisplatin therapy. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to knockout the HMGB4 gene in a testicular human embryonic carcinoma and examined cellular responses. We find that loss of HMGB4 elicits resistance to cisplatin as evidenced by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. We demonstrate that HMGB4 specifically inhibits repair of the major cisplatin-DNA adducts in TGCT cells by using the human TGCT excision repair system. Our findings also reveal characteristic HMGB4-dependent differences in cell cycle progression following cisplatin treatment. Collectively, these data provide convincing evidence that HMGB4 plays a major role in sensitizing TGCTs to cisplatin, consistent with shielding of platinum-DNA adducts from excision repair.
Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep Quality, and Suicidal Ideation in Iraq/Afghanistan Era Veterans

Abstract The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that sleep quality mediates the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) history and current suicidal ideation. Measures of TBI history, sleep quality, and suicidal ideation were administered to 130 Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. As expected, sleep quality mediated the effect of TBI history on current suicidal ideation (indirect effect, 0.0082; 95% confidence interval, 0.0019–0.0196), such that history of TBI was associated with worse sleep quality, which was, in turn, associated with increased suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the importance of assessing TBI history and sleep quality during suicide risk assessments for veterans.
Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin–FAK and uPAR signaling

ABSTRACT We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. Treatment with VTN (but not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111 or collagen-I) substantially increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 h in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN−/− mouse plasma was less effective than that from wild-type mice. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of recombinant human (rh)VTN in mice, but induction seen upon intracerebral hemorrhage was less in VTN−/− mice than in wild-type littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin-blocking peptides and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), whereas pharmacological- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced the expression of LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant-negative FAK (Y397F) reduced the amount of injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR (also known as PLAUR), which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin–FAK signaling is therefore a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields. Summary: Blood vitronectin is a unique and key inducer of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and LIF, through integrin and uPAR signaling, which had not been previously indicated as having a role in cytokine expression.
Road Detection from Satellite Images by Improving U-Net with Difference of Features

In this paper, we propose a road detection method from satellite images by improving the U-Net using the difference of feature maps. U-Net has connections between convolutional layers and deconvolutional layers and concatenates feature maps at convolutional layer with those at deconvolutional layer. Here we introduce the difference of feature maps instead of the concatenation of feature maps. We evaluate our proposed method on road detection problem. Our proposed method obtained significant improvements in comparison
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of linezolid‐induced thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients

AIMS Thrombocytopenia is among the most important adverse effects of linezolid treatment. Linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia incidence varies considerably but has been associated with impaired renal function. We investigated the pharmacodynamic mechanism (myelosuppression or enhanced platelet destruction) and the role of impaired renal function (RF) in the development of thrombocytopenia. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of linezolid were described with a two-compartment distribution model with first-order absorption and elimination. RF was calculated using the expected creatinine clearance. The decrease platelets by linezolid exposure was assumed to occur by one of two mechanisms: inhibition of the formation of platelets (PDI) or stimulation of the elimination (PDS) of platelets. RESULTS About 50% of elimination was found to be explained by renal clearance (normal RF). The population mean estimated plasma protein binding of linezolid was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16%, 20%] and was independent of the observed concentrations. The estimated mixture model fraction of patients with a platelet count decreased due to PDI was 0.97 (95% CI 0.87, 1.00), so the fraction due to PDS was 0.03. RF had no influence on linezolid pharmacodynamics. CONCLUSION We have described the influence of weight, renal function, age and plasma protein binding on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid. This combined pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and turnover model identified that the most common mechanism of thrombocytopenia associated with linezolid is PDI. Impaired RF increases thrombocytopenia by a pharmacokinetic mechanism. The linezolid dose should be reduced in RF.