Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New onset of insomnia in hospitalized patients in general medical wards: incidence, causes, and resolution rate

ABSTRACT Background: Insomnia is common in hospitalized patients. However, no study has examined new onset of insomnia in patients without a prior history of insomnia. Objectives: Incidence of new onset of insomnia in inpatients, associated factors and resolution rate after 2 weeks. Method: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a community hospital. We used the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire to screen for insomnia in all patients located in the general medical floors from day 3 to day 5 of their hospital stay. We excluded patients with a prior insomnia history. Results: Out of the 205 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 75 patients (36%) reported insomnia. Severe insomnia was present in 3% of patients. Difficulty in maintaining sleep is the most common symptom. Frequent staff disruptions due to blood draws and vital signs checks were reported by 68% as the cause of insomnia, followed by illness associated causes (64%) and sleep disruption due to noise and or brightness (23%). Patients with insomnia had more awakenings due to noise, brightness, and staff interruptions than those without insomnia (1.35 times vs. 0.9 times, p = 0.027). Patients with respiratory symptoms, cardiac monitoring, oxygen use, private rooms, and no sedative use did not have a higher insomnia risk. Patients with insomnia had significant lower satisfaction scores than patients without insomnia (4.53 vs. 4.05, p = 0.001) but did not have a different length of stay (6.18 vs. 6.19, p = 0.97). In 31% of patients with insomnia who were able to be contacted two weeks after discharge, 75% of them had insomnia resolution. Conclusion: New onset of insomnia occurred in 36% of hospitalized patients. Most common causes are staff disruption and disease symptoms. It was usually short-term and could decrease patients’ satisfaction score.
Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease?

Two polarized patterns (Th1 and Th2) of cytokines regulate inflammatory responses. Each cytokine pattern inhibits production of the opposing pattern. Lymphocytes from inflamed intestine due to Crohn's disease secrete a Th1 pattern of cytokines. Crohn's disease is most prevalent in highly industrialized countries with temperate climates. It occurs rarely in tropical third world countries with poor sanitation. We propose that exposure to an environmental agent predisposes individuals to Crohn's disease. Parasitic worms (helminths) are common in tropical climates and in populations subject to crowding and poor sanitation. Children are most subject to helminthic colonization. Many helminths live within or migrate through the human gut where they interact with the mucosal immune system. The host mounts a mucosal response that includes Th2 cytokine production limiting helminthic colonization. Helminths and their eggs probably are the most potent stimulators of mucosal Th2 responses. The Th2 response provoked by parasitic worms can modulate immune reactions to unrelated parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Many people in developed countries now live in increasingly hygienic environments, avoiding exposure to helminths. Perhaps failure to acquire these parasites and experience mucosal Th2 conditioning predisposes to Crohn's disease, which is an overly active Th1 inflammation. — Elliott, D. E. , Urban, J. F. , Jr., Argo, C. K. , Weinstock, J. V. FASEB J. 14, 1848–1855 (2000)
Effect of diet on the shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a sheep model

The purpose of this study was to develop a sheep model to investigate reproduction, transmission, and shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. In addition, we investigated the effect of diet change on these parameters. Six groups of twin lambs given oral inoculations of 10(5) or 10(9) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 and their nondosed mothers were monitored for colonization by culture of fecal samples. A modified selective-enrichment protocol that detected E. coli O157:H7 at levels as low as 0.06 CFU per g of ovine feces was developed. Horizontal transmission of infection occurred between the lambs and most of the nondosed mothers. When animals were kept in confinement and given alfalfa pellet feed, lambs receiving the higher dose shed the bacteria sooner and longer than all other animals. However, when the animals were released onto a sagebrush-bunchgrass range, every animal, regardless of its previous status (dosed at one of the inoculum levels tested or nondosed) shed E. coli O157:H7 uniformly. Shedding persisted for 15 days, after which all animals tested negative. E. coli O157:H7 reproduction and transmission and the combined effect of diet change and feed withholding were also investigated in a pilot study with experimentally inoculated rams. Withholding feed induced animals to shed the bacteria either by triggering growth of E. coli O157:H7 present in the intestines or by increasing susceptibility to infection. Introduction of a dietary change with brief starvation caused uniform shedding and clearance of E. coli O157:H7, and all animals then tested negative for the bacteria. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design and Testing of a Thermoelectrically-Cooled Portable Vaccine Cooler

and expiration --can be as high as 60-70% (Wallace, Willis, Nwaze, & Dieng, 2017; Zaffran et al., 2013). Although vaccine coolers are designed to keep vaccines cold, a poorly designed apparatus can result in accidental freezing of vaccines so that sub-potent vaccines can sometimes be administered (Chen, & Kristensen, 2009). A 2007 study found that in vaccine reports tracked longitudinally, 75-100% of vaccines were exposed to freezing temperatures; the authors recommend im-proved cold-chain transport equipment as a solution (Matthias, Robertson, Garrison, Newland, & Nelson, 2007). Vaccine freezing or overheating issues are not relegated solely to older studies or developing nations. The 2013-2014 H1N1pdm09 virus outbreak in the United States can likely be attributed to vaccine shipments being exposed to high temperatures (Caspard, Coelingh, Mallory, & Ambrose, 2016). The cost of most vaccines today ranges from $3.50-$7.50 per administration (Gates, 2012), so wastage results in a considerable economic loss. Importantly, when vaccines lose potency, there is a loss of confidence in vaccine therapy (Larson, Cooper, Eskola, Katz, & Ratzan, 2011). Thus, reducing vaccine wastage while in-creasing potency will provide more effective immunization in the rural, developing world at a reduced cost per dose. One way to address aspects of the wastage issue is the development of small coolers capable of transporting vaccines, maintained in the proper temperature range, from the regional health center to the distant client; this trip is termed the end stage of the cold chain. Coolers employing phase change materials including ice are capable of maintaining the desired temperature range for a period, but vaccines in such coolers are sometimes subject to overheating or freezing because of the lack of temperature regulation. INTRODUCTION Vaccines are a major economic cost and component of the worldwide battle against infectious disease. In 2011, UNICEF bought 2.5 billion doses of vaccines, and spent more than one billion dollars on vaccines (UNICEF, 2011). Within the category of develop-ment assistance for maternal and child health, donors spent $3.2 billion on child vaccines in 2014 (Dieleman, Murray, & Haaken-stad, 2015). Still, for children in developing countries, health care inequities are prominent, and access to preventative therapies and drugs is limited (Gates, 2012). One reason these countries lack enough vaccination coverage is due to insufficient cold storage (without freezing) in the vaccine supply chain (Humphreys, 2011). Breakdown of the vaccine cold chain is believed to be a major contributor to late 20th-century polio outbreaks in southern Africa (Schoub, & Cameron, 1996). Many vaccines must be maintained in a temperature range of 2-8°C to remain potent. Indeed, previous studies have shown that cold chain wastage--due to the failure to maintain vaccines in a safe temperature range, the need to discard unused portions of opened vaccine vials, and improper handling Design and Testing of a ThermoelectricallyCooled Portable Vaccine Cooler
Inglis, Greig and McHardy, Fiona and Sosu, Edward and McAteer, John and Biggs, Hannah (2019) Health inequality implications from a qualitative study of experiences of poverty stigma in Scotland. Social

Rationale: Individuals living in Scotland's most deprived communities experience a higher burden of morbidity and early mortality than those living in more affluent areas. Experiences of poverty-based stigma may be one psychosocial mechanism through which socioeconomic position influences health, although there is little available data on this issue from a Scottish perspective. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify which aspects of poverty stigma are particularly salient to individuals with lived experience of poverty, and may therefore contribute to health inequalities. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted with 39 individuals with experience of living on low incomes in Scotland in order to explore their experiences and perceptions of poverty stigma. Results: Five main themes were identified, reflecting aspects of poverty stigma operating at various structural, public and individual levels: media representations of poverty; negative encounters with social security systems; perceived public attitudes regarding poverty in Scotland; lowered self-esteem and internalisation of negative attitudes, and; emotional responses to stigma. Conclusion: These dimensions of stigma potentially influence public health and health inequalities in Scotland, although future research will be necessary to quantify these and estimate their relationships with health out-
Evaluation of a new standardized ramp protocol: the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol.

BACKGROUND Because of recent technological advances, exercise testing laboratories now have the ability to use ramp protocols with treadmill exercise tests. Since the Bruce protocol is the most widely used treadmill protocol in clinical laboratories, a standardized ramp treadmill protocol was developed that corresponds to the speed and grade settings of the Bruce protocol at each 3-minute time interval. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of using subject demographic and exercise test data to predict peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for tests conducted with the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. METHODS Maximal exercise tests were performed by 698 men and women using the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. Peak oxygen uptake was measured during all tests. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to predict VO2peak (mL.kg-1.min-1) from maximal treadmill test time and selected variables including age, gender, physical activity habits, and body weight. RESULTS Maximal test time was found to be the most potent predictor of VO2peak, accounting for 86% of the variance in peak aerobic power, with a standard error of estimate of 3.4 mL kg min-1. A multiple regression equation including age, gender, physical activity habits, and body weight resulted in a slightly improved prediction (R2 = 0.88; standard error of estimates = 3.1 mL kg min-1). CONCLUSIONS Peak oxygen uptake values can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from the BSU/Bruce Ramp protocol. The BSU/Bruce Ramp would be an excellent choice for laboratories desiring to use a ramp treadmill protocol because of the design of the protocol with identical workloads at equivalent time periods (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 minutes) as the commonly used Bruce protocol.
Performance of the StreetMapper Mobile LIDAR Mapping System in “ Real World ” Projects

Static terrestrial laser scanning and airborne laser scanning from helicopters and fixed wing aircraft are widely used tools for the 3D data capturing of smaller scenes and large areas, respectively. Both methods have their limitations for projects that include the rapid and cost effective capturing of 3D data from larger street sections, especially if these sections include tunnels or if dense point coverage of the facades of the neighboring architecture is required. To extend the applicability of laser scanning to these kinds of projects, terrestrial cinematic laser scanning can be used. In this paper the components, the workflow and the performance of the Mobile Mapping system “StreetMapper” are described.
The Possibilities of Independent Living and Community Inclusion of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

The goal of this paper is to establish how persons with intellectual disability experience and evaluate the current situation, and what they consider relevant for further fulfillment of article 19 of the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Nine adults with intellectual disability, from various forms of community housing, were involved in the research. Individual topics were identified by using thematic analysis and sorted into the five levels of the Maslow hierarchy of needs. The research has shown that there is several limitations and obstacles left to overcome in the application of Article 19.
WANG Image understanding , attention and human early visual cortex

This paper reviews our recent fMRI and psychophysical finding on: 1) perceived size representation in V1; 2) border ownership representation in V2; and 3) neural processing of partially occluded face. These findings demonstrate that the human early visual cortex not only performs local feature analyses, but also contributes significantly to high-level visual computation with assistance of attention-enabled cortical feedback. Moreover, by taking advantage of recent findings on early visual cortex from neuroscience and cognitive science, we build a biologically plausible attention model that can well predict human scanpaths on natural images.
Contribution of enhanced engagement of antigen presentation machinery to the clinical immunogenicity of a human interleukin (IL)‐21 receptor‐blocking therapeutic antibody

Reliable risk assessment for biotherapeutics requires accurate evaluation of risk factors associated with immunogenicity. Immunogenicity risk assessment tools were developed and applied to investigate the immunogenicity of a fully human therapeutic monoclonal antibody, ATR‐107 [anti‐interleukin (IL)‐21 receptor] that elicited anti‐drug antibodies (ADA) in 76% of healthy subjects in a Phase 1 study. Because the ATR‐107 target is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), the immunogenicity risk related to engagement with DC and antigen presentation pathways was studied. Despite the presence of IL‐21R on DCs, ATR‐107 did not bind to the DCs more extensively than the control therapeutic antibody (PF‐1) that had elicited low clinical ADA incidence. However, ATR‐107, but not the control therapeutic antibody, was translocated to the DC late endosomes, co‐localized with intracellular antigen‐D related (HLA‐DR) molecules and presented a dominant T cell epitope overlapping the complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) of the light chain. ATR‐107 induced increased DC activation exemplified by up‐regulation of DC surface expression of CD86, CD274 (PD‐L1) and CD40, increased expansion of activated DC populations expressing CD86hi, CD40hi, CD83hi, programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)hi, HLA‐DRhi or CCR7hi, as well as elevated secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α by DCs. DCs exposed to ATR‐107 stimulated an autologous T cell proliferative response in human donor cells, in concert with the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)G‐type anti‐ATR‐107 antibody response in clinical samples. Collectively, the enhanced engagement of antigen presentation machinery by ATR‐107 was suggested. The approaches and findings described in this study may be relevant to identifying lower immunogenicity risk targets and therapeutic molecules.
Automating the generation of hardware component knowledge bases

Hardware component databases are critical resources in designing embedded systems. Since generating these databases requires hundreds of thousands of hours of manual data entry, they are proprietary, limited in the data they provide, and have many random data entry errors. We present a machine-learning based approach for automating the generation of component databases directly from datasheets. Extracting data directly from datasheets is challenging because: (1) the data is relational in nature and relies on non-local context, (2) the documents are filled with technical jargon, and (3) the datasheets are PDFs, a format that decouples visual locality from locality in the document. The proposed approach uses a rich data model and weak supervision to address these challenges. We evaluate the approach on datasheets of three classes of hardware components and achieve an average quality of 75 F1 points which is comparable to existing human-curated knowledge bases. We perform two applications studies that demonstrate the extraction of multiple data modalities such as numerical properties and images. We show how different sources of supervision such as heuristics and human labels have distinct advantages which can be utilized together within a single methodology to automatically generate hardware component knowledge bases.
LC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in rat plasma after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract and Tang-Min-Ling-Wan.

A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in rat plasma using geniposide as an internal standard. Plasma samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C(18) analytical column (150 × 2.1 mm × 5 µm) with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The total run time was 3.0 min between injections. The calibration curves were linear over a range of 1-1000 ng/mL for albiflorin and 2-2000 ng/mL for paeoniflorin. The overall precision and accuracy for all concentrations of quality controls and standards were better than 15%. Mean recovery was determined to be 87.7% for albiflorin and 88.8% for paeoniflorin. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in rat plasma after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract and Tang-Min-Ling-Wan. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that albiflorin and paeoniflorin from Tang-Min-Ling-Wan were absorbed more rapidly with higher concentrations in plasma than that from Radix Paeoniae Alba extract. The results provided a meaningful basis for evaluating the clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine.
The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI‐103 promotes immunosuppression, in vivo tumor growth and increases survival of sorafenib‐treated melanoma cells

Melanoma is the most lethal human skin cancer. If metastatic, it becomes very aggressive and resistant to standard modalities of anticancer treatment. During the last 10 years, several therapeutic strategies have been tested including the use of single and combined small drugs. Experimental results indicate that RAS and PI3K pathways are important for the development and maintenance of melanoma. In this study, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo inhibition potential of PI‐103, a PI3K (p110α)/mTOR inhibitor and sorafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, as single agents and in combination in primary melanoma cell lines. Although PI‐103 and sorafenib inhibited melanoma in vitro cell proliferation and viability, the inhibition of RAS pathway appeared to be more effective. The combination of the two agents in in vitro showed a synergistic effect inhibiting RAS and PI3K pathways in a cell line dependent manner. However, no cooperative effect was observed in blocking in vivo tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. In contrary to the expected, the data indicate that PI‐103 induced immunosuppression promoting in vivo tumor growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, in vitro studies examining the effects of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in tumor derived cell lines indicated that PI‐103 induced the anti‐apoptotic BH3 family proteins Mcl1, Bcl2 and BclxL favoring, the in vitro survival of sorafenib treated melanoma cells. These data certainly makes an argument for investigating unexpected effects of rational drug combinations on immunocompetent animal models prior to conducting clinical studies.
Five‐year follow‐up of cognitive impairment in older adults with bipolar disorder

To date, cognitive impairment has been thought to be an integral part of bipolar disorder. In clinical staging models, cognitive impairment is one of the hallmarks to define the clinical stage and it plays an important role in identifying the risk factors for progression to later stages of the illness. It is important to examine neurocognitive performance over longer periods to test the hypothesis of neuroprogression of bipolar disorder.
Dual Function of Sdh 3 in the Respiratory Chain and TIM 22 Protein Translocase of the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

Natalia Gebert,1 Michael Gebert,1,2 Silke Oeljeklaus,3 Karina von der Malsburg,1 David A. Stroud,1,2 Bogusz Kulawiak,1 Christophe Wirth,1 René P. Zahedi,5 Pavel Dolezal,6 Sebastian Wiese,3,4 Oliver Simon,5 Agnes Schulze-Specking,1 Kaye N. Truscott,1,7 Albert Sickmann,5 Peter Rehling,8 Bernard Guiard,9 Carola Hunte,1,4 Bettina Warscheid,3,4 Martin van der Laan,1,4 Nikolaus Pfanner,1,4,* and Nils Wiedemann1,4,* 1Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ 2Fakultät für Biologie 3Institut für Biologie II, Fakultät für Biologie, Funktionelle Proteomik 4BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 5Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V. , 44139 Dortmund, Germany 6Department of Parasitology, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic 7Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia 8Abteilung Biochemie II, Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany 9Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France *Correspondence: nikolaus.pfanner@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de (N.P.), nils.wiedemann@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de (N.W.) DOI 10.1016/j.molcel. 2011.09. 025
Learning Explainable Embeddings for Deep Networks

We propose a novel explanation module to explain the predictions made by deep learning. Explanation module works by embedding a high-dimensional deep network layer nonlinearly into a low-dimensional explanation space while retaining faithfulness, so that the original deep learning predictions can be constructed from the few concepts extracted by the explanation module. We then visualize such concepts for human to learn about the high-level concepts that deep learning is using to make decisions. We propose Sparse Reconstruction Autoencoder (SRAE) for learning the embedding to the explanation space. SRAE aims to reconstruct part of the original feature space while retaining faithfulness. The proposed method is applied to explain CNN models in image classification tasks, and several novel metrics are introduced to evaluate the performance of explanations quantitatively without human involvement. Experiments show that the proposed approach could generate better explanations of the mechanisms CNN to use for making predictions in the task.