Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in Favre-Reynolds Stress Closures for Compressible Flows

A closure for the compressible portion of the pressure-strain covariance is developed. It is shown that, within the context of a pressure-strain closure assumption linear in the Reynolds stresses, an expression for the pressure-dilatation can be used to construct a representation for the pressure-strain. Additional closures for the unclosed terms in the Favre–Reynolds stress equations involving the mean acceleration are also constructed. The closures accommodate compressibility corrections depending on the magnitude of the turbulent Mach number, the mean density gradient, the mean pressure gradient, the mean dilatation, and, of course, the mean velocity gradients. The effects of the compressibility corrections on the Favre–Reynolds stresses are consistent with current DNS results. Using the compressible pressure-strain and mean acceleration closures in the Favre–Reynolds stress equations an algebraic closure for the Favre–Reynolds stresses is constructed. Noteworthy is the fact that, in the absence of mea.
Der mangelnde Akteurbezug systemtheoretischer Erklärungen gesellschaftlicher Differenzierung – Ein Diskussionsvorschlag

Zusammenfassung Bisherige systemtheoretische Analysen gesellschaftlicher Differenzierung leiden darunter, daß sie keine zufriedenstellenden ursächlichen Erklärungen von Differenzierungsvorgängen geben können. Fortschreitende gesellschaftliche Differenzierung läßt sich weder auf dadurch realisierbare Effizienz- und Effektivitätsgewinne noch auf das Wirken evolutionärer Mechanismen zurückführen. Vielmehr muß gesellschaftliche Differenzierung als das Ergebnis des interessenbezogenen und einflußgestützten Handelns einer Vielzahl gesellschaftlicher Akteure im Rahmen funktionaler Erfordernisse gesellschaftlicher Reproduktion konzeptualisiert werden. Das erfordert den Einbezug intentionaler Akteure in die systemtheoretische Begrifflichkeit, was hier mit der Unterscheidung bloß handlungsprägender von darüber hinaus handlungsfähigen Sozialsystemen versucht wird.
Role of skin prick test and serological measurement of specific IgE in the diagnosis of occupational asthma resulting from exposure to vinyl sulphone reactive dyes

OBJECTIVES Some patients with occupational asthma resulting from exposure to reactive dyes have skin reactivity to the causative dyes and specific IgE to reactive dyes have been found in these patients. However, the usefulness of skin prick tests (SPTs) and serological measurement of specific IgE in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring the occupational asthma resulting from exposure to reactive dyes have not yet been assessed. In this study, the clinical validation of SPTs and measurement of specific IgE to vinyl sulphone reactive dyes by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated. METHODS 42 Patients with occupational asthma from reactive dyes (true positive group) were enrolled. In these the causative reactive dye was confirmed by bronchial challenge test. 93 Asymptomatic factory workers with negative challenge to the reactive dye (true negative group) and 16 unexposed controls with negative challenge to the reactive dye were also enrolled. Skin prick tests were done with 10 mg/ml reactive dye in 0.4% phenol/0.9% saline. IgE specific to reactive dye conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS None of the unexposed controls had a positive response to SPTs. The sensitivity (76.2% v 53.7%), specificity (91.4% v 86.0%), positive predictive value (80.0% v 62.9%), and negative predictive value (89.5% v 80.8%) of SPTs were higher than those of ELISAs. The mean weal size of reaction to reactive dye was weakly correlated with the ELISA optical density of IgE to reactive dye conjugate in patients with occupational asthma from reactive dyes (n=41, r=0.337, p<0.05). In four patients with occupational asthma from reactive dyes and eight control subjects exposed to reactive dye, IgE specific to reactive dye conjugated to HSA was detected with ELISA even though they showed negative skin reactivity. Six patients completely avoided the reactive dye for a mean (SD) 27.8 (10.3) months, IgE specific to reactive dyes decreased in all six patients (p<0.05) during this time. CONCLUSIONS Both SPTs and detection of IgE specific to reactive dye in serum samples could be valuable for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring occupational asthma resulting from exposure to reactive dyes. These two tests would complement each other.
Sociomateriality and IS Identity

Challenges to identifying the information systems (IS) field originate within the community, from external institutional forces, from the change in technology, from the emergence of new phenomena, and finally, from the changing understanding of what a “field” or “discipline” entails. In this study we trace the historiography of the IS field to illustrate sources of confusion arising from deeply held assumptions regarding the formation and legitimacy of IS identity. By introducing the identity of IS as a “human science” as opposed to that of a natural science, we illuminate an interstitial gap in knowledge which IS inhabits. To address this gap, we posit sociomateriality as a perspective that offers IS a distinct identity as an academically and socially relevant field by uncovering and enabling research into the entanglement of humans, information, and technologies.
The regional significance of knowledge-intensive services in europe

This article reviews the work of the ‘Knowledge-intensive Services and Innovation’ (KISINN) Network, which examined the regional incidence of ‘knowledge-intensive business services’ (KIBS) across eight European countries in 1996/97. The paper examines how far KIBS growth has influenced regional policy thinking since 1997, especially in relation to innovation processes. There still seems to be little recognition at this scale that innovation is fundamentally a service-based process. KIBS growth is also generally regarded as economically marginal, rather than as a key component of the corporate-dominated nexus of expertise exchange which now drives regional economic inequality. More inter-sectoral, urban-based policies are required to counter these trends. The example of the recent English ‘Core City’ initiative shows how such an approach to supporting regional knowledge economies might progress.
Improving urban cellular automata performance by integrating global and geographically weighted logistic regression models

In many of the conventional cellular automata (CA) models, particularly Urban‐CA which are used for urban growth, the spatial heterogeneities and local differences of the land use conversion processes are ignored. Global logistic regression (LR) is a popular model employed to define the transition rules of Urban‐CA. By considering the local characteristics, Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR) provides interesting capabilities for urban growth modelling. In this research, in addition to using GWLR in the definition of transition rules, the advantages of integrating GWLR and LR for urban growth simulation were evaluated; these have not been considered in previous studies. Local and global probabilities obtained from the calibration of GWLR and LR were combined to define the transition rules of an Urban‐CA. Urban growth was simulated in the Islamshahr sub‐region located southwest of Tehran, Iran for the two periods 1992‐1996 and 1996‐2002, and data from these periods were used for training and testing the prediction abilities, respectively. In the first period, GWLR showed good performance and a significant contribution to the enhancement of the simulation performance, but in the second period, the effectiveness of LR on the prediction accuracy increased. Due to their complementary roles, the integration of the GWLR and LR models resulted in improved simulation performance in both periods.
Fast and simple semantic class assignment for biomedical text

A simple and accurate method for assigning broad semantic classes to text strings is presented. The method is to map text strings to terms in ontologies based on a pipeline of exact matches, normalized strings, headword matching, and stemming headwords. The results of three experiments evaluating the technique are given. Five semantic classes are evaluated against the CRAFT corpus of full-text journal articles. Twenty semantic classes are evaluated against the corresponding full ontologies, i.e. by reflexive matching. One semantic class is evaluated against a structured test suite. Precision, recall, and F-measure on the corpus when evaluating against only the ontologies in the corpus is micro-averaged 67.06/78.49/72.32 and macro-averaged 69.84/83.12/75.31. Accuracy on the corpus when evaluating against all twenty semantic classes ranges from 77.12% to 95.73%. Reflexive matching is generally successful, but reveals a small number of errors in the implementation. Evaluation with the structured test suite reveals a number of characteristics of the performance of the approach.
Pyk2 and Src Mediate Signaling to CCL18‐Induced Breast Cancer Metastasis

Pyk2 and Src phosphorylation is initiated by CCL18, which promotes breast cancer metastasis via its functional G protein‐coupled receptor PITPNM3. However, the function of Pyk2 and Src in CCL18‐induced breast cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT‐PCRs), Western blot, boyden chamber assay, and adherence assay were performed to delineate the consequences of Pyk2/Src in CCL18‐induced breast cancer cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze the interaction of proteins. Upon the binding of CCL18 to PITPNM3, Pyk2 translocates from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane to form a stable complex with PITPNM3, subsequently activating Src kinase. Moreover, upon stimulation with CCL18, Pyk2 and Src become essential for integrin alpha5/beta1 clustering‐dependent adherence, migration, and invasion. Pyk2 and Src are important in CCL18‐induced breast cancer metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 596–603, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneous Image Features Integration via Multi-modal Semi-supervised Learning Model

Automatic image categorization has become increasingly important with the development of Internet and the growth in the size of image databases. Although the image categorization can be formulated as a typical multi-class classification problem, two major challenges have been raised by the real-world images. On one hand, though using more labeled training data may improve the prediction performance, obtaining the image labels is a time consuming as well as biased process. On the other hand, more and more visual descriptors have been proposed to describe objects and scenes appearing in images and different features describe different aspects of the visual characteristics. Therefore, how to integrate heterogeneous visual features to do the semi-supervised learning is crucial for categorizing large-scale image data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to integrate heterogeneous features by performing multi-modal semi-supervised classification on unlabeled as well as unsegmented images. Considering each type of feature as one modality, taking advantage of the large amount of unlabeled data information, our new adaptive multi-modal semi-supervised classification (AMMSS) algorithm learns a commonly shared class indicator matrix and the weights for different modalities (image features) simultaneously.
Fully-Integrated High-Conversion-Ratio Dual-Output Voltage Boost Converter With MPPT for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting

This paper proposes a fully-integrated high-conversion-ratio dual-output voltage boost converter (VBC) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuits for low-voltage energy harvesting. The VBC consists of two voltage generators that generate V<sub>OUT1</sub> and V<sub>OUT2</sub>. V<sub>OUT1</sub> and V<sub>OUT2</sub> are three and nine times higher than the harvester's output V<sub>IN</sub>, respectively. V<sub>OUT1</sub> is used as a supply voltage for on-chip application circuits while V<sub>OUT2</sub> is used as the charging voltage for a Li-ion secondary battery. The VBC achieves a high voltage conversion ratio (max. × 9) and a high power conversion efficiency. The MPPT circuits control the operating frequencies of the CPs to extract maximum power at each output. The measurement results demonstrated that the circuit converted a 0.59 V input to a 1.41 V output with 75.8% efficiency when the output powers of V<sub>OUT1</sub> and V<sub>OUT2</sub> were 396 and 0 μW, respectively, and a 0.62 V input to a 4.54 V output with 49.1% efficiency when the output powers were 0 and 114 μW, respectively.
Modulation of human JAK-STAT pathway signaling by functionally conserved regulators

Both the core JAK-STAT pathway components and their in vivo roles have been widely conserved between vertebrates and invertebrate models such as Drosophila melanogaster. Misregulation of JAK-STAT pathway activity has also been identified as a key factor in the development of multiple human malignancies. Recently, whole genome RNA interference (RNAi) screens in cultured Drosophila cells have identified both positively and negatively acting JAK-STAT pathway regulators. Here, we describe the analysis of 73 human genes representing homologs of 56 Drosophila genes originally identified by genome-wide RNAi screening as regulators of JAK-STAT signaling. Using assays for human STAT1 and STAT3 protein levels and phosphorylation status, as well as assays measuring the expression of endogenous STAT1 and STAT3 transcriptional targets, we have tested siRNAs targeting these 73 human genes and have identified potential JAK-STAT pathway regulatory roles in 69 (95%) of these. The genes identified represent a wide range of human JAK-STAT pathway regulators and include genes not previously known to modulate this signaling cascade. These results underline the value of model system based approaches for the identification of pathway regulators and have led to the identification of loci whose misregulation may ultimately be implicated in JAK-STAT pathway-mediated human disease.
The Tomato Transcription Factor Pti4 Regulates Defense-Related Gene Expression via GCC Box and Non-GCC Box cis Elements Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.017574.

The tomato transcription factor Pti4, an ethylene-responsive factor (ERF), interacts physically with the disease resistance protein Pto and binds the GCC box cis element that is present in the promoters of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. We reported previously that Arabidopsis plants expressing Pti4 constitutively express several GCC box–containing PR genes and show reduced disease symptoms compared with wild-type plants after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato or Erysiphe orontii. To gain insight into how genome-wide gene expression is affected by Pti4, we used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to compare transcripts in wild-type and Pti4-expressing Arabidopsis plants. SAGE provided quantitative measurements of >20,000 transcripts and identified the 50 most highly expressed genes in Arabidopsis vegetative tissues. Comparison of the profiles from wild-type and Pti4-expressing Arabidopsis plants revealed 78 differentially abundant transcripts encoding defense-related proteins, protein kinases, ribosomal proteins, transporters, and two transcription factors (TFs). Many of the genes identified were expressed differentially in wild-type Arabidopsis during infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, supporting a role for them in defense-related processes. Unexpectedly, the promoters of most Pti4-regulated genes did not have a GCC box. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Pti4 binds in vivo to promoters lacking this cis element. Potential binding sites for ERF, MYB, and GBF TFs were present in statistically significantly increased numbers in promoters regulated by Pti4. Thus, Pti4 appears to regulate gene expression directly by binding the GCC box and possibly a non-GCC box element and indirectly by either activating the expression of TF genes or interacting physically with other TFs.
Prevalence and clinical relevance of helminth co-infections among tuberculosis patients in urban Tanzania

Background Helminth infections can negatively affect the immunologic host control, which may increase the risk of progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis (TB) disease and alter the clinical presentation of TB. We assessed the prevalence and determined the clinical relevance of helminth co-infection among TB patients and household contact controls in urban Tanzania. Methodology Between November 2013 and October 2015, we enrolled adult (≥18 years) sputum smear-positive TB patients and household contact controls without TB during an ongoing TB cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used Baermann, FLOTAC, Kato-Katz, point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen, and urine filtration to diagnose helminth infections. Multivariable logistic regression models with and without random effects for households were used to assess for associations between helminth infection and TB. Principal findings A total of 597 TB patients and 375 household contact controls were included. The median age was 33 years and 60.2% (585/972) were men. The prevalence of any helminth infection among TB patients was 31.8% (190/597) and 25.9% (97/375) among controls. Strongyloides stercoralis was the predominant helminth species (16.6%, 161), followed by hookworm (9.0%, 87) and Schistosoma mansoni (5.7%, 55). An infection with any helminth was not associated with TB (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.80, p = 0.22), but S. mansoni infection was (aOR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.03–4.45, p = 0.040). Moreover, S. mansoni infection was associated with lower sputum bacterial load (aOR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.38–5.26, p = 0.004) and tended to have fewer lung cavitations (aOR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.12–1.16, p = 0.088). Conclusions/Significance S. mansoni infection was an independent risk factor for active TB and altered the clinical presentation in TB patients. These findings suggest a role for schistosomiasis in modulating the pathogenesis of human TB. Treatment of helminths should be considered in clinical management of TB and TB control programs.
Does Size Matter? A Study of Risk Perceptions of Global Population Growth

The global human population now exceeds 7 billion and is projected to reach 10 billion around 2060. While population growth has been associated with certain benefits (e.g., economies of scale, technological advancements), theoretical models, probabilistic projections, and empirical evidence also indicate that this growth could increase the likelihood of many adverse events (e.g., climate change, resource shortages) and the impact of these events, as more people are exposed to the outcomes. While concerns about these issues are well‐documented in the academic literature, there is little evidence concerning the public's perceptions of the risks associated with global population growth (GPG) and how these perceptions are likely to influence related decisions. To address these issues, we conducted a U.K.‐based study that examined respondents’ risk perceptions of GPG, their willingness to embrace mitigation/precautionary behaviors, and reasons for variations in these two factors. We found that GPG is perceived as a moderate‐to‐high risk, with concerns about the increased likelihood of resource shortages, ecological damage, and violent conflict being foremost. Respondents believed that the worst effects of GPG would arrive around 2050 and would be experienced by the world's poorest people. Respondents who perceived greater levels of risk from GPG were generally those who indicated a greater willingness to embrace mitigation behaviors (e.g., reduce resource consumption) and preventative actions (e.g., support political action to limit growth). We discuss how our findings might be utilized to better manage the potential challenges associated with GPG and we suggest several directions for further research.
The essence of parallel Algol

We consider a parallel Algol-like language, combining the /spl lambda/-calculus with shared-variable parallelism. We provide a denotational semantics for this language, simultaneously adapting the possible worlds model of Reynolds and Oles (1981, 1982) to the parallel setting and generalizing the "transition traces" model to the procedural setting. This semantics supports reasoning about safety and liveness properties of parallel programs, and validates a number of natural laws of program equivalence based on noninterference properties of local variables. We also provide a relationally parametric semantics, to permit reasoning about relation-preserving properties of programs, and adapting work of O'Hearn and Tennent (1995) to the parallel setting. This semantics supports standard methods of reasoning about representational independence. The clean design of the programming language and its semantics supports the orthogonality of procedures and shared-variable parallelism.
Comparison of δ(18)O and δ(13)C values between tree-ring whole wood and cellulose in five species growing under two different site conditions.

RATIONALE We investigated the applicability of tree-ring whole-wood material for δ(18)O and δ(13)C analysis in comparison with the more time- and resource-intensive use of cellulose, by considering possible variability between (i) five different tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pseudotsuga menziesii), (ii) two sites that differ in soil moisture, and (iii) climate conditions within a 10-year period. METHODS Stem cores of 30 individual trees (n = 3 trees per each species and site) were sampled from two sites in south Germany (Bavaria), and tree rings within sapwood of the years 2001-2010 were separated. The δ(18)O and δ(13)C values from homogenized tree-ring whole wood and from extracted cellulose were measured by mass spectrometry. Species-specific offsets in isotope values were analyzed and the responses in isotopic signature to climate variability including a single drought event were compared between whole-wood and cellulose. RESULTS A constant offset in δ(18)O values of ca 5‰ between wood and cellulose was observed for most species independent of site conditions, with a significant difference between beech and Douglas-fir, while inter-annual variability was only observed in oak. The offset in δ(13)C values ranged between 1.45 and 1.84‰ across species, sites and years. Both materials generally showed similar strength in responses to temperature, precipitation and soil water availability, particularly for conifers. Resistance to severe drought stress--partly more strongly reflected in the δ(13)C values of cellulose--was lower for conifers than for the deciduous species. CONCLUSIONS Wood material from the sapwood of the studied tree species is as useful as cellulose for studying environmental effects on tree-ring δ(18)O and δ(13)C values at a short-term scale as considered in most ecophysiological studies. The more variable response of oak may require further investigations.
Re-Orientation of Web 2.0

The development in the web 2.0 tools has shown an interesting pattern of recognizing the need to organize, collect or manage data, starting with sharing information on blogs followed by organized information on wikis which followed retrieving information using RSS. You all must have experienced stiffness in searching data on web over the past few years due to data boot on the net. Thereby, tools like semantic web and vertical search are the need of the hour. The vision of Tim Burners Lee of a uniform platform for sharing knowledge has to be carried out with various reorganization strategies.