Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Buffer Distribution Algorithm for High-Speed Clock Routing

We introduce a new approach for optimizing clock tree, especially for high-speed circuits. Our approach provides a useful guideline to a designer; by user-specified parameters, design favors will be satisfied. Three of these tradeoffs will be provided in this paper. 1) First, to provide a "good" tradeoff between skew and wirelength, a new clock tree routing scheme is proposed. The technique is based on a combination of hierarchical bottom-up geometric matching and minimum rectilinear Steiner tree. 2) When a clock tree construction scheme is used for high-speed clock distribution in the transmission line mode (e.g., Multi-Chip Modules), to ensure correct operation, there are several physical constraints [2]. One of the crucial problems is, given a clock net topology with hierarchical buffering, how to redistribute the buffers evenly over the routing plane avoiding congestion, at the expense of wirelength increase. Given a special emphasis to clock buffer redistribution in this paper, our experiments show that on the average congestion is improved by 20% at the cost of a 10% wirelength increase. 3) Finally, a postprocessing step offering a tradeoff between skew and phase-delay is proposed, based on a combination of hierarchical bottom-up geometric matching and bounded radius minimum spanning tree. Previous clock skew minimization techniques did not address those issues simultaneously.
Automated dynamic offset applied to cell association

In this paper, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian game framework for automated dynamic offset selection. Users compete to maximize their throughput by picking the best locally serving radio access network (RAN) with respect to their own measurement, their demand and a partial statistical channel state information (CSI) of other users. In particular, we investigate the properties of a Stackelberg game, in which the base station is a player on its own. We derive analytically the utilities related to the channel quality perceived by users to obtain the equilibria. We study the Price of Anarchy (PoA) of such system, where the PoA is the ratio of the social welfare attained when a network planner chooses policies to maximize social welfare versus the social welfare attained in Nash/Stackeleberg equilibrium when users choose their policies strategically. We show by means of a Stackelberg formulation, how the operator, by sending appropriate information about the state of the channel, can configure a dynamic offset that optimizes its global utility while users maximize their individual utilities. The proposed hierarchical decision approach for wireless networks can reach a good trade-off between the global network performance at the equilibrium and the requested amount of signaling. Typically, it is shown that when the network goal is orthogonal to user's goal, this can lead the users to a misleading association problem.
CS 30322-023: an ultra metal-poor TP-AGB star?

Context. The remarkable properties of CS 30322-023 became apparent during the course of a high-resolution spectroscopic study of a sample of 23 carbon-enhanced, metal-poor (CEMP) stars. Aims. This sample is studied in order to gain a better understanding of s- and r-process nucleosynthesis at low metallicity, an d to investigate the role of duplicity. Methods. High-resolution UVES spectra have been obtained, and abundances are derived using 1-D, plane-parallel OSMARCS models under the LTE hypothesis. The derived atmospheric parameters and observed abundances are compared to evolutionary tracks and nucleosynthesis predictions to infer the evolutionary status of CS 30322-023. Results. CS 30322-023 is remarkable in having the lowest surface gravity (log g≤ −0.3) among the metal-poor stars studied to date. As a result of its rather low temperature (4100 K), abundances could be derived for 35 chemical elements; the abundance pattern of CS 30322-023 is one of the most well-specified of all known extremely metal -poor stars. With [Fe/H]=−3.5, CS 30322-023 is the most metal-poor star to exhibit a clear s-process signature, and the most metal-poor “lead star” known. The available evidence indicates that CS 30322-023 is presently a thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) star, with no strong indication of binarity thus far (although a s ignal of period 192 d is clearly present in the radial-velocity data, this is like ly due to pulsation of the stellar envelope). Low-mass TP-AGB stars are not expected to be exceedingly rare in a magnitude-limited sample such as the HK survey, because their high luminosities make it possible to sample them over a very large volume. The strong N overabundance and the low 12 C/ 13 C ratio (4) in this star is typical of the operation of the CN cycle. Coupled with a Na overabundance and the absence of a strong C overabundance, this pattern seems to imply that hot-bottom burning operated in this star, which should then have a mass of at least 2 M⊙. However, the luminosity associated with this mass would put the star at a distance of about 50 kpc, in the outskirts of the galactic ha lo, where no recent star formation is expected to have taken place. We explore alternative scenarios in which the observed abundance pattern results from some mixing mechanism yet to be identified oc curring in a single low-metallicity 0.8 M⊙ AGB star, or from pollution by matter from an intermediate-mass AGB companion which has undergone hot-bottom burning. We stress, however, that our abundances may be subject to uncertainties due to NLTE or 3D granulation effects which were not taken into consideration.
Distributed Multicell and Multiantenna Precoding: Characterization and Performance Evaluation

This paper considers downlink multiantenna communication with base stations that perform cooperative precoding in a distributed fashion. Most previous work in the area has assumed that transmitters have common knowledge of both data symbols of all users and full or partial channel state information (CSI). Herein, we assume that each base station only has local CSI, either instantaneous or statistical. For the case of instantaneous CSI, a parametrization of the beamforming vectors used to achieve the outer boundary of the achievable rate region is obtained for two multi-antenna transmitters and two single-antenna receivers. Distributed generalizations of classical beamforming approaches that satisfy this parametrization are provided, and it is shown how the distributed precoding design can be improved using the so-called virtual SINR framework [1]. Conceptually analog results for both the parametrization and the beamforming design are derived in the case of local statistical CSI. Heuristics on the distributed power allocation are provided in both cases, and the performance is illustrated numerically.
ACE: Automatic Colloquialism, Typographical and Orthographic Errors Detection for Chinese Language

We present a system called ACE for Automatic Colloquialism and Errors detection for written Chinese. ACE is based on the combination of N-gram model and rule-base model. Although it focuses on detecting colloquial Cantonese (a dialect of Chinese) at the current stage, it can be extended to detect other dialects. We chose Cantonese becauase it has many interesting properties, such as unique grammar system and huge colloquial terms, that turn the detection task extremely challenging. We conducted experiments using real data and synthetic data. The results indicated that ACE is highly reliable and effective.
A three-dimensional inverse finite-element method applied to experimental eddy-current imaging data

Eddy-current techniques can be used to create electrical conductivity mapping of an object. The eddy-current imaging system in this paper is a magnetic induction tomography (MIT) system. MIT images the electrical conductivity of the target based on impedance measurements from pairs of excitation and detection coils. The inverse problem here is ill-posed and nonlinear. Current state-of-the-art image reconstruction methods in MIT are generally based on linear algorithms. In this paper, a regularized Gauss-Newton scheme has been implemented based on an edge finite-element forward solver and an efficient formula for the Jacobian matrix. Applications of Tikhonov and total variation regularization have been studied. Results are presented from experimental data collected from a newly developed MIT system. The paper also presents further progress in using an MIT system for molten metal flow visualization in continuous casting by applying the proposed algorithm in a real experiment in a continuous casting pilot plant of Corus RD&T, Teesside Technology Centre.
Individual Differences as Predictors of Leader Emergence

ii Acknowledgments.iii List of Tables.vi Individual Differences, Leader Emergence, and Virtual Teams.1 Leader Emergence.2 Virtual Teams.3 The Present Study.9 Leadership and the Big-five.9 Self-Monitoring and Leadership.11 Need for Closure and Leadership.13 Cognitive Ability.15 Participation.16 Method. 17 Participant.17 Measures.17 Personality.17 Cognitive ability.19 Participation.19 Tasks.20
Robust Face Track Finding in Video Using Tracked Points

We present an robust method for detecting face tracks in video in which each face track represents one individual. Such face tracks are important for many potential applications such as video face recognition, face matching, and face-name association. The basic idea is to use the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) tracker to track interest points throughout video frames, and each face track is formed by the faces detected in different frames that share a large enough number of tracked points. However, since interest points are sensitive to illumination changes, occlusions, and false face detections, face tracks are often fragmented. Our proposed method maintains tracked points of faces instead of shots, and interest points are re-computed in every frame to avoid these issues. Experimental results on different long video sequences show the effectiveness of our approach.
Static and Dynamic Selection Thresholds Governing the Accumulation of Information in Genetic Algorithms Using Ranked Populations

Mutation applied indiscriminately across a population has, on average, a detrimental effect on the accumulation of solution alleles within the population and is usually beneficial only when targeted at individuals with few solution alleles. Many common selection techniques can delete individuals with more solution alleles than are easily recovered by mutation. The paper identifies static and dynamic selection thresholds governing accumulation of information in a genetic algorithm (GA). When individuals are ranked by fitness, there exists a dynamic threshold defined by the solution density of surviving individuals and a lower static threshold defined by the solution density of the information source used for mutation. Replacing individuals ranked below the static threshold with randomly generated individuals avoids the need for mutation while maintaining diversity in the population with a consequent improvement in population fitness. By replacing individuals ranked between the thresholds with randomly selected individuals from above the dynamic threshold, population fitness improves dramatically. We model the dynamic behavior of GAs using these thresholds and demonstrate their effectiveness by simulation and benchmark problems.
Quality of life among Icelandic people with intellectual disabilities: Exploring positive characteristics

The aim of the current study was to examine whether there was a difference in the perception of Quality of life (QOL) among adults with an intellectual disability (ID) and adults without ID. The study was conducted in the beginning of 2015 and mixed methods research design was used. With quantitative research methods, QOL was assessed with the Personal Wellbeing Index. Participants in the survey were 39 and between the ages of 18 and 50 years. Mean QOL score among people with ID was 61.4% of the scale maximum, and the mean score among people without ID was 70.6%. Participants without ID perceived their QOL significantly higher, contradictory to previous studies. With the use of qualitative research methods, factors contributing to life quality that interviewees considered of most importance were analyzed. Participants were six and between the ages of 21 and 49 years. The main factors effecting QOL among interviewees were self-determination, social status, and emotional well-being, and although interviewees all faced some difficulties on account of their disabilities, they illustrated various coping resources. It is hoped that the results of this study will encourage further and larger research on the QOL of Icelandic people with ID.
A computationally efficient speech/music discriminator for radio recordings

This paper presents a speech/music discriminator for radio recordings, based on a new and computationally efficient region growing technique, that bears its origins in the field of image segmentation. The proposed scheme operates on a single feature, a variant of the spectral entropy, which is extracted from the audio recording by means of a short-term processing technique. The proposed method has been tested on recordings from radio stations broadcasting over the Internet and, despite its simplicity, has proved to yield performance results comparable to more sophisticated approaches.
Single Image Dehazing Method under the Influence of Un-uniform Illumination

Since the adverse effects may occur when the atmosphere value under un-uniform illumination is estimated, this paper proposed a dehazing method by using the homomorphic filtering technology. The innovation of this approach is that we use homomorphic filtering technology to remove un-uniform illumination firstly before obtaining its dark channel, then dehaze the pretreated image. During the process of transmission optimization, applying SLIC super pixel segmentation method to estimate the rough transmission rate, then we use guided filtering for a more accurate transmission. Besides, a new algorithm is proposed to estimate the atmosphere value aiming to the affects causing by un-uniform illumination. Experimental results show that this algorithm is efficient to avoid the degradation of hazed images, thus the image clarity could be improved.
Automatic Recognition of Eventfulness and Pleasantness of Soundscape

A soundscape is the sound environment perceived by a given listener at a given time and space. An automatic soundscape affect recognition system will be beneficial for composers, sound designers, and audio researchers. Previous work on an automatic soundscape affect recognition system has demonstrated the effectiveness of predicting valence and arousal on responses from one expert user. Thus, further validations of multi-users' data are necessary for testing the generalizability of the system. We generated a gold standard by averaging responses from people provided people agreed with each other enough. Here, we model a set of common audio features extracted from a corpus of 120 soundscape recording samples that were labeled for valence and arousal in an online study with human subjects. The contribution of this manuscript is threefold: (1) study the inter-rater agreement showing the high level agreement between participants' responses regarding valence and arousal, (2) train stepwise linear regression models with the average responses of participants for soundscape affect recognition, which obtains better results than the previous study, (3) test the correlation between the level of pleasantness and the level of eventfulness based upon the gold standard.
Market Selection Hypothesis and Wage-Employment Bargaining

This paper analyses an industry in which Þrms and enterprise unions bargain over wages and employment. In modelling the unions objective func- tion we account for the market selection hypothesis so that unions care about proÞts. The bargaining outcome implies lower wages and higher proÞts, while employment/output is higher or lower depending on whether the union has more bargaining power over wage or over employment. If the union has more bargaining power over employment, an increase in product market competition may lead to higher proÞts and output and lower employment and wages. Finally, productive ef- Þciency is raised by an increase in competition as the existence of the monopolistic rent becomes more uncertain.
Applying neural network to U2R attacks

Intrusion detection using artificial neural networks is an ongoing area and thus interest in this field has increased among the researchers. Therefore, in this paper we present a system for tackling User to Root (U2R) attacks using generalized feedforward neural network. A backpropagation algorithm is used for training and testing purpose. The system uses sampled data from Kddcup99 dataset, an attack database that is a standard for evaluating the security detection mechanisms. The system is implemented in two phases such as training phase and testing phase. The developed system is applied to different U2R attacks to test its performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that this approach is more precise and accurate in case of false positive, false negative and detection rate.
Scale- and Rotation-Invariant Local Binary Pattern Using Scale-Adaptive Texton and Subuniform-Based Circular Shift

This paper proposes an effective scale- and rotation-invariant local binary pattern (LBP) feature for texture classification. A circular neighboring set of an image pixel is defined as a scale-adaptive texton by taking into account the fundamental local structure property of the pixel. The scale space of a texture image is derived by the Laplacian of the Gaussian and then employed to determine the optimal scale of each pixel reflecting the characteristic length of the corresponding structure and determining the radius of the scale-adaptive texton. Different pixels have different optimal scales, resulting in the scale invariance. Contrary to the traditional LBP features that usually ignore global spatial information, the proposed method also defines subuniform patterns of each uniform pattern to improve the discrimination. For each uniform pattern, the subuniform pattern with the maximum statistical value is defined as the dominant orientation subuniform pattern. It is moved to the first column, and the others are circularly shifted. Experimental results demonstrate a good discrimination capability of the proposed scale- and rotation-invariant LBP in texture classification. Particularly, the LBP based on the scale-adaptive texton is promising to be powerful for texture description and scale-invariant texture classification, and the circular shift subuniform LBP can further improve the performance in the rotation-invariant texture classification.
Static race detection for device drivers: The Goblint approach

Device drivers rely on fine-grained locking to ensure safe access to shared data structures. For human testers, concurrency makes such code notoriously hard to debug; for automated reasoning, dynamically allocated memory and low-level pointer manipulation poses significant challenges. We present a flexible approach to data race analysis, implemented in the open source Goblint static analysis framework that combines different pointer and value analyses in order to handle a wide range of locking idioms, including locks allocated dynamically as well as locks stored in arrays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most ambitious effort, having lasted well over ten years, to create a fully automated static race detection tool that can deal with most of the intricate locking schemes found in Linux device drivers. Our evaluation shows that these analyses are sufficiently precise, but practical use of these techniques requires inferring environmental and domain-specific assumptions.
An overview on non-parametric spectrum sensing in cognitive radio

The scarcity of frequency spectrum used for wireless communication systems has attracted a considerable amount of attention in recent years. The cognitive radio (CR) terminology has been widely accepted as a smart platform mainly aimed at the efficient interrogation and utilization of permitted spectrum. Non-parametric spectrum sensing, or estimation, represents one of the prominent tools that can be proposed when CR works under an undetermined environment. As such, the periodogram, filter bank, and multi-taper methods are well considered in many studies without relying on the transmission channel's characteristics. A unified approach to all these non-parametric spectrum sensing techniques is presented in this paper with analytical and performance comparison using simulation methods. Results show that the multi-taper method outperforms the others.
On Building a Cooperative Communication System: Testbed Implementation and First Results

We present the results from over-the-air experiments of a complete implementation of an amplify and forward cooperative communications link. Our custom OFDM-based physical layer uses a distributed version of the Alamouti block code, where the relay sends one of the branches of Alamouti-encoded symbols. First we show analytically and experimentally that amplify and forward protocols are unaffected by carrier frequency offsets at the relay. This result allows us to use a conventional Alamouti receiver without change for the distributed relay system, thereby allowing cooperative systems to reuse components of current (noncooperative) systems. Our full system implementation shows gains of up to 5.5 dB in peak power constrained networks. Thus, we can conclusively state that even the simplest form of relaying can lead to significant gains in practical implementations.
Total Thrombus‐Formation Analysis System (T‐TAS) Can Predict Periprocedural Bleeding Events in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Background Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The T‐TAS “Total Thrombus‐formation Analysis System” (Fujimori Kogyo Co Ltd) was developed for quantitative analysis of thrombus formation using microchips with thrombogenic surfaces (collagen, platelet chip [PL] ; collagen plus tissue factor, atheroma chip [AR]). We evaluated the utility of T‐TAS in predicting periprocedural bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA). Methods and Results After exclusion of 20 from 148 consecutive patients undergoing CA, the remaining 128 patients were divided into 2 treatment groups: the warfarin group (n=30) and the non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants group (n=98). Blood samples obtained on the day of CA (anticoagulant‐free point) and at 3 and 30 days after CA were used in T‐TAS to compute the thrombus formation area under the curve (AUC; AUC for the first 10 minutes for PL tested at flow rate of 24 μL/min [PL 24‐AUC 10]; AUC for the first 30 minutes for AR tested at flow rate of 10 μL/min [AR 10‐AUC 30]). AR 10‐AUC 30 and PL 24‐AUC 10 levels were similar in the 2 groups on the day of CA. Levels of AR 10‐AUC 30, but not PL 24‐AUC 10, were significantly lower in the 2 groups at days 3 and 30 after CA. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified the AR 10‐AUC 30 level on the day of CA as a significant predictor of periprocedural bleeding events (odds ratio 5.7; 95% CI 1.54–21.1; P=0.009). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the AR 10‐AUC 30 level on the day of CA significantly predicted periprocedural bleeding events (AUC 0.859, 95% CI 0.766–0.951; P<0.001). The cutoff AR 10‐AUC 30 level was 1648 for identification of periprocedural bleeding events. Conclusions These results suggested that the AR 10‐AUC 30 level determined by T‐TAS is a potentially useful marker for prediction of bleeding events in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing CA.