Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication therapy management services: a critical review.

OBJECTIVE To identify and examine medication therapy management (MTM) practice and compensation models currently being used by public and private sector programs, develop a model for payers to consider in compensating pharmacists for the provision of MTM services, and review how a relative value-based payment system based upon Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes might apply to MTM services. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed literature; study of existing MTM practice and compensation models; interviews with pharmacists, pharmacy benefit providers, health plans, and policy makers; structured discussions with industry experts. SUMMARY Implementation of MTM represents an opportunity for pharmacists to provide public and private payers with examples of service packages and business models that improve patient therapeutic outcomes. MTM services can lead to overall cost reductions and improved health outcomes. Recommendations for pharmacists, health plans, and Medicare Part D prescription drug plan sponsors are provided. Pharmacists should standardize and package MTM services at varying levels of intensity; determine work values for MTM CPT codes, use standards for billing and service delivery, build supply capacity to meet demand for MTM services, and cultivate patient and provider support for pharmacist-provided MTM services. Plans and sponsors should develop mechanisms for measuring MTM impact on overall health care costs and develop payment systems to cover costs as well as sustain and provide for growth in the number of providers. CONCLUSION The essential components of MTM business and payment models, as outlined in this article, can be effectively mapped to relative value-based CPT codes for pharmacist-provided MTM services. Pharmacy providers, after considering various factors and conditions in their own environment, can develop an optimal MTM service package and business model based on this information.
Data entry: towards the critical study of digital data and education

The generation and processing of data through digital technologies is an integral element of contemporary society, as reflected in recent debates over online data privacy, ‘Big Data’ and the rise of data mining and analytics in business, science and government. This paper outlines the significance of digital data within education, arguing for increased interest in the topic from educational researchers. Building on themes from the emerging sub-field of ‘digital sociology’, the paper outlines a number of ways in which digital data in education could be questioned along social lines. These include issues of data inequalities, the role of data in managerialist modes of organisation and control, the rise of so-called ‘dataveillance' and the reductionist nature of data-based representation. The paper concludes with a set of suggestions for future research and discussion, thus outlining the beginnings of a framework for the future critical study of digital data and education.
Motivating mentally disordered offenders to change: Instruments for measuring patients' perception and motivation

Abstract A major challenge to forensic services is how to motivate patients to change and engage in therapy. The objective of the study was to develop scales that reliably identify and measure factors that are likely to be an obstacle to patients' motivation to change, and engage with and benefit from therapy. Three measures – the Patient Attitude Questionnaire, the Patient Perception Questionnaire, and the Patient Motivation Inventory – were developed and administered to 116 mentally disordered offenders resident at three medium secure units (Denis Hill Unit, Cane Hill Unit, and Trevor Gibbens Unit) and one open forensic ward (Witley 3 Ward) in the south-east of England. Factor analysis of each scale identified three conceptually meaningful and reliable subscales. Significant differences between units were identified on several of the subscales. Only one of the subscales, measuring reluctance to open up, revealed a significant ethnic difference. The findings provide evidence for the validity and utility of the scales as clinical and research tools.
Acoustic detection of multiple birds in environmental audio by Matching Pursuit

We describe a submission to the ICML 2013 Bird Challenge, in which we explore the use of sparse representations as an advance on the standard technique of cross-correlation template matching in time-frequency representations. The Matching Pursuit algorithm is used to represent the signal as a sparse set of activations of templates derived from the challenge training audio.
Fault tree and formal methods in system safety analysis

Fault tree analysis is a traditional deductive safety analysis technique that is applied during the system design stage. However, traditional fault trees often suffer from a lack of formal semantics to check the correctness or consistency of the descriptions. To overcome this limitation, we first propose a formal fault tree construction model in which the correctness of the fault tree is proved by the construction process per se, while at the same time subtler and more precise system safety properties are discovered. Then, based on analyzing the results of our formal fault tree model, we demonstrate how CafeOBJ, a wide spectrum specification language based on multiple logical foundations, can be used to formally model, specify, and verify a system as well as its important safety properties. Thus, we propose an integrated system analysis platform that enables engineers to find, analyze, and solve problems more efficiently and effectively.
Application of wide area measurement systems to islanding detection of bulk power systems

A fast islanding detection tool can help power dispatchers monitor and control power system operations. Frequency monitoring network (FNET) is a low cost and quickly deployable wide-area phasor measurement system at the distribution system level. The frequency disturbance recorder (FDR) in FNET is actually a single-phase phasor measurement unit (PMU) installed at ordinary 120 V outlets in the sense that it measures the voltage phase angle, amplitude, and frequency from a single-phase voltage source. Based on the data collected by the FDRs deployed in the North American power grid, two islanding detection methods, the frequency difference method and the change of angle difference method, are proposed. The nine real cases recorded, including islanding cases, generation trip cases, load shedding cases and oscillation cases, are presented to verify the proposed methods of islanding detection. Sensitivity analysis on the thresholds of the frequency deviation and angle deviation is done based on the real measurement data for obtaining the insensitive interval of two thresholds. The results show that the proposed methods can correctly detect power system islanding, and will not be falsely triggered by generation trips, load shedding and system oscillations.
Manipulation of P2X Receptor Activities by Light Stimulation

P2X receptors are involved in amplification of inflammatory responses in peripheral nociceptive fibers and in mediating pain-related signals to the CNS. Control of P2X activation has significant importance in managing unwanted hypersensitive neuron responses. To overcome the limitations of chemical ligand treatment, optical stimulation methods of optogenetics and photoswitching achieve efficient control of P2X activation while allowing specificity at the target site and convenient stimulation by light illumination. There are many potential applications for photosensitive elements, such as improved uncaging methods, photoisomerizable ligands, photoswitches, and gold nanoparticles. Each technique has both advantages and downsides, and techniques are selected according to the purpose of the application. Technical advances not only provide novel approaches to manage inflammation or pain mediated by P2X receptors but also suggest a similar approach for controlling other ion channels.
Terminology and the Classification of Fine Grained

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – is there a difference between a claystone, a mudstone and a shale? Summary Fine grained sedimentary rocks, both clastic and carbonate, are believed to be the most abundant rock type on the Earth " s surface 1924) of all the sediment ever produced. In sedimentology the size grade scale most commonly used is that which was introduced by Udden in 1898, modified by Wentworth in 1922 and then converted into a logarithmic form by Krumbien in 1934. For a single particle, the sand-silt boundary, which is the distinction between coarser grained materials and those which are fine grained, is placed at 1/16 mm (≈63 microns or +4 Φ). For a given rock the proportion of material containing particles less than 63 microns in size is normally greater than 50% to satisfy the classification criteria of being fine grained. Despite their abundance, fine-grained sedimentary rocks, to date, have not been satisfactorily classified. Perhaps this is because they are not well exposed in the field compared to their coarser grained, more weather resistant counterparts, the sandstones (Pettijohn, 1975; Spears, 1980); perhaps it is due to their fine grained nature that makes their study more noted by Rodgers (1950) the problem of classifying fine grained sedimentary rocks, simply, but inevitably entails the problem of terminology. It is the usage of imprecisely defined terms that has often led to confusion, and frustration, when trying to describe and discuss fine grained sediments. This report will identify where confusion has arisen, and determines the type of terminology and classification that will be used in future works. In the literature there is a plethora of names for fine grained sedimentary materials – Definition and usage of the word 'shale' The term shale has been around for a few centuries. The first recorded use of the written word shale appears in Hooson " s " The Miners Dictionary " , published in 1747; within which the term shale was meant as an indurated, laminated, clayey rock. Tourtelot (1960) gives a good summary on the origin and use of the world shale, and by outlining its historical use as i) a general term for describing " laminated clayey rock " ; ii) as a formation name, e.g. the " Pierre Shale " ; and iii) it " s widespread use as a bucket term for the entire class of fine grained rocks (whether they are laminated …
Research of SVM Applying in the Risk of Bank's Loan to Enterprises

this paper presents a classification based on support vector machine (SVM) to carry out comprehensive analysis of the ability of enterprises paying debt,reduce the risk of bank to provide a loan. First this paper introduces the main principle of support vector machines to establish data classification model, using historical data for classification. Then collect the financial indices of 80 enterprises in China in 2001 to create support vector machine model for the credit risk classification for banks loan to enterprise; Finally, compared with the result of classification in the traditional Logistic regression model or the BP neural network evaluation model, this paper points out that the classification based on SVM is better than the traditional model and it could improve the classification accuracy.
Evaluation of midazolam-ketamine with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for injectable anaesthesia in dogs.

A prospective randomized blinded study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy adult dogs of both sexes (mean weight of 18.34 ± 0.78 kg) divided into three groups (n = 4). The animals received 0.4 mg/kg midazolam and 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group A), 0.4 mg/kg midazolam and 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group B) and 0.4 mg/kg midazolam + 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine + 4 μg/kg fentanyl (group C) intramuscularly, using separate syringes. Ten minutes later Ketamine was administered intravenously in all the groups. A signifi cantly (P<0.05) shorter weak time (onset of sedation) and down time (onset of recumbency) were recorded in animals in group C as compared to the animals of groups A and B. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group C. The pedal refl ex was abolished up to 30 min in groups A and B and up to 60 min in group C. Intubation was only possible in groups B and C. The anaesthetic induction dose of ketamine was minimal in group C. Standing recovery time was shortest in the animals of group C. Respiratory rate (RR) decreased signifi cantly (P<0.05) throughout the observation period, but rectal temperature (RT) decreased signifi cantly (P<0.05) towards the end of the observation period in all the groups. Heart rate decreased signifi cantly (P<0.05) in the animals of group B. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained within the physiological range in all the groups. It was concluded that dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg)-midazolam-ketamine can produce anaesthesia for about 20 min in dogs. Increasing the dose of dexmedetomidine did not enhance the duration of anaesthesia, but the further addition of fentanyl not only reduced the induction dose of ketamine but also increased the duration of anaesthesia up to 50 min. Dexmedetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine can be used for prolonged duration of injectable anaesthesia in dogs.
Analysis, design, and simulation of a mobil client in IP multimedia subsystem (IMS )

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) was defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Projects (3GPP and 3GPP2), IP Multimedia Subsystem represents nowadays the global Service Delivery Platform (SDP) standard for providing multimedia applications in Next Generation Networks (NGN). The convergence of telecom and Internet are yet to be matured enough to effectively solve the major challenges, like quality of service, different kinds of charging, and security. IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) techniques are one of the strong contenders to solve the above problems by proposing overlay network architecture. In this paper an IMS design architectures was developed and a mobil client was integrated to the IMS architecture. Simulation system was implemented using "Open IMS core" and as a IMS client a java application running on cell phone. An evaluation performance of IMS client is presented. Our proposal defines an overlay service architecture that merges the paradigms and technologies of the Internet with the cellular and fixed telecommunication worlds. The architecture enables the efficient provision of an open set of potentially highly integrated multimedia services, combining web browsing, email, instant messaging, presence, VoIP, video conferencing, application sharing, telephony, unified messaging, multimedia content delivery, etc. on top of possibly different network technologies.
Exploring the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Salesperson Creativity

In today’s highly competitive and rapidly changing business environment, organizations must take full advantage of their work force’s creative potential to prosper or even survive. The need to enhance creative performance for long-term success is perhaps especially true in the sales profession, where individual and organizational success depends on supplying innovative and useful solutions for customers. Emerging research has shown that a leader’s emotional intelligence positively supports workers’ creative performance. Employing a sample of 460 field members, this study extends this research by exploring how a sales representative’s emotional intelligence influences his or her creativity and key work outcomes. The findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and managerial implications. Limitations and suggestions for future research are offered.
Generating Self-Excited Oscillations via Two-Relay Controller

A tool for the design of a self-excited oscillation of a desired amplitude and frequency in linear plants by means of the variable structure control is proposed. An approximate approach based on the describing function method is given, which requires that the mechanical plant should be a low-pass filter - the hypothesis that usually holds when the oscillations are relatively fast. The proposed approach is demonstrated via the controller design and experiments on the Furuta pendulum.
Prepregnancy Diabetes and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Disease

Background— Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of offspring congenital heart defects (CHD); however, the causal mechanism is poorly understood. We further investigated this association in a Danish nationwide cohort. Methods and Results— In a national cohort study, we identified 2 025 727 persons born from 1978 to 2011; among them were 7296 (0.36%) persons exposed to maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus. Pregestational diabetes mellitus was identified by using the National Patient Register and individual-level information on all prescriptions filled in Danish pharmacies. Persons with CHD (n=16 325) were assigned to embryologically related cardiac phenotypes. The CHD prevalence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus was 318 per 10 000 live births (n=232) in comparison with a baseline risk of 80 per 10 000; the adjusted relative risk for CHD was 4.00 (95% confidence interval, 3.51–4.53). The association was not modified by year of birth, maternal age at diabetes onset, or diabetes duration, and CHD risks associated with type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes mellitus did not differ significantly. Persons born to women with previous acute diabetes complications had a higher CHD risk than those exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus without complications (relative risk, 7.62; 95% confidence interval, 5.23–10.6, and relative risk, 3.49; 95% confidence interval, 2.91–4.13, respectively; P=0.0004). All specific CHD phenotypes were associated with maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (relative risk range, 2.74–13.8). Conclusions— The profoundly increased CHD risk conferred by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus neither changed over time nor differed by diabetes subtype. The association with acute pregestational diabetes complications was particularly strong, suggesting a role for glucose in the causal pathway.
A cross-cultural study on emotion expression and the learning of social norms

When we do not know how to correctly behave in a new context, the emotions that people familiar with the context show in response to the behaviors of others, can help us understand what to do or not to do. The present study examined cross-cultural differences in how group emotional expressions (anger, sadness, neutral) can be used to deduce a norm violation in four cultures (Germany, Israel, Greece, and the US), which differ in terms of decoding rules for negative emotions. As expected, in all four countries, anger was a stronger norm violation signal than sadness or neutral expressions. However, angry and sad expressions were perceived as more intense and the relevant norm was learned better in Germany and Israel than in Greece and the US. Participants in Greece were relatively better at using sadness as a sign of a likely norm violation. The results demonstrate both cultural universality and cultural differences in the use of group emotion expressions in norm learning. In terms of cultural differences they underscore that the social signal value of emotional expressions may vary with culture as a function of cultural differences, both in emotion perception, and as a function of a differential use of emotions.
Software probes: towards a quick method for machine characterization and application performance prediction

Computers perform different applications in different ways. To characterize an application performance into a machine, the usual method is a throughout execution of it. This work is a step into a synthetic probe able to characterize a master-worker application's performance in a fraction of the time required to run it entirely. This is specially important for CPU-intensive scientific applications, who runs for very long, as it makes sense that it runs as efficiently (and fast) as possible. To know how, and for how long a master-worker application is going to run can guide the decision to use this machine or not. Our software probe takes into account only the performance-relevant parts of the application, discovering a program's relevant phases. Running solely these significant phases is a powerful way to quickly characterize the application's performance on a machine. It can help to select the best computing nodes in a grid or in a multi-cluster to run this application, and even quickly predict the total execution time for this application/data set in the machine analyzed. We also present ongoing work on a fully synthetic probe generated from programs' phases.
Repeated Interaction and Rating Inflation: A Model of Double Reputation

Credit rating agencies have an incentive to maintain a public reputation for credibility among investors but also have an incentive to develop a second, private reputation for leniency among issuers. We show that in markets with few issuers, such as markets for structured assets, these incentives may lead rating agencies to inflate ratings as a strategic tool to form a "double reputation". The model extends the existing literature on "cheap-talk" reputation to the case of two audiences. Our results can explain why rating inflation occurred specifically in markets for MBSs and CDOs during the recent financial crisis. Policy implications are discussed. (JEL D82, G01, G12, G24, G32)
The role of ethylene and ROS in salinity, heavy metal, and flooding responses in rice

Plant growth and developmental processes as well as abiotic and biotic stress adaptations are regulated by small endogenous signaling molecules. Among these, phytohormones such as the gaseous alkene ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in mediating numerous specific growth or cell death responses. While apoplastic ROS are generated by plasma membrane-located respiratory burst oxidase homolog proteins, intracellular ROS are produced mainly in electron transfer chains of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Ethylene accumulates in plants due to physical entrapment or by enhanced ethylene biosynthesis. A major crop that must endure high salt and heavy metal concentrations upon flooding in regions of Asia is rice. Ethylene and ROS have been identified as the major signals that mediate salinity, chromium, and flooding stress in rice. This mini review focuses on (i) what is known about ethylene and ROS level control during these abiotic stresses in rice, (ii) how the two signals mediate growth or death processes, and (iii) feedback mechanisms that in turn regulate ethylene and ROS signaling.
Weakly Supervised Matrix Factorization for Noisily Tagged Image Parsing

In this paper, we propose aWeakly Supervised Matrix Factorization (WSMF) approach to the problem of image parsing with noisy tags, i.e., segmenting noisily tagged images and then classifying the regions only with image-level labels. Instead of requiring clean but expensive pixel-level labels as strong supervision in the traditional image parsing methods, we take noisy image-level labels as weakly-supervised constraints. Specifically, we first over-segment all the images into multiple regions which are initially labeled based upon the image-level labels. Moreover, from a low-rank matrix factorization viewpoint, we formulate noisily tagged image parsing as a weakly supervised matrix factorization problem. Finally, we develop an efficient algorithm to solve the matrix factorization problem. Experimental results show the promising performance of the proposed WSMF algorithm in comparison with the state-of-the-arts.