Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of a germinal centre B‐cell expressed gene, GCET2, suggest its role as a membrane associated adapter protein

GCET2 (Germinal centre B‐cell expressed transcript 2; also named HGAL) is a newly cloned gene that has been shown to be a useful marker for germinal centre (GC) B cells and GC B‐cell derived malignancies, including follicular lymphomas and germinal centre B cell‐like diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (GCB‐DLBCLs), and is a useful prognosticator for DLBCLs. We report here the biochemical and biological properties of GCET2, which may help to determine its role in the GC reaction. GCET2 is constitutively localised in the plasma membrane but is excluded from lipid rafts. GCET2 does not have a transmembrane domain, and its membrane localisation is mediated by myristoylation and palmitoylation. GCET2 has five conserved putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites, and it can be phosphorylated following pervanadate treatment in B cells. By serially mutating the five tyrosines, the third and fourth tyrosines were found to be essential for GCET2 phosphorylation. GCET2 was phosphorylated when co‐transfected into COS7 cells with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) LYN, LCK or SYK, and therefore it could be a substrate of these kinases in B cells. The third tyrosine site (107YENV) of GCET2 is a consensus GRB2 binding site, and GCET2 was found to associate with GRB2 through the third tyrosine following phosphorylation. Our data suggests that GCET2 may be an adaptor protein in GC B cells that transduces signals from GC B‐cell membrane to the cytosol via its association with GRB2.
The Ex-Dividend Day Behavior of Stock Returns: Further Evidence on Tax Effects

THE EFFECTS OF firms' dividend policies on stock returns have been widely studied. ' For the most part researchers have documented a statistically significant relation between dividend yields and stock returns; however, the explanation of this common empirical finding has been controversial. In two important papers, Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1979, 1980) argue that this relation is best explained by differential taxation of dividends over capital gains. Litzenberger and Ramaswamy, like Elton and Gruber (1970) and Auerbach (1981), further argue that the dividend effect is complicated by clientele effects: the marginaltax brackets implicit in security prices are negatively related to dividend yields.2 The differential-tax explanation has been challenged by Blume (1980), Hess (1981), and Miller and Scholes (1981); these authors argue that the relation across securities is far too complicated to be entirely explained by tax effects. Hess conjectures that the empirical tests are clouded by the ability of dividend yields to proxy for changes in the riskiness of common stocks, and therefore, of their expected returns. Miller and Scholes outline the pitfalls of defining a dividend yield variable for a monthly trading interval; demonstrating that great care must be taken to insure that the definition of monthly dividend yields does not impound announcement effects. Both Hess and Miller and Scholes conclude that evidence provides no clear-cut support for tax effects. This paper attempts to clarify the dividend controversy by addressing two of these issues: dividend related clientele effects and the information content of dividends. We find that dividend clienteles are not consistent with equilibrium prices; and not surprisingly, the empirical evidence does not support clientele effects in asset prices. At the same time, information effects do not completely explain the dividend effect. Finally, we do find evidence that dividends are proxying for changes in expected returns of common stocks.
Tents, Tweets, and Events: The Interplay Between Ongoing Protests and Social Media

Recent protests have fuelled deliberations about the extent to which social media ignites popular uprisings. In this article, we use time-series data of Twitter, Facebook, and onsite protests to assess the Granger causality between social media streams and onsite developments at the Indignados, Occupy, and Brazilian Vinegar protests. After applying Gaussianization to the data, we found contentious communication on Twitter and Facebook forecasted onsite protest during the Indignados and Occupy protests, with bidirectional Granger causality between online and onsite protest in the Occupy series. Conversely, the Vinegar demonstrations presented Granger causality between Facebook and Twitter communication, and separately between protestors and injuries/arrests onsite. We conclude that the effective forecasting of protest activity likely varies across different instances of political unrest.
Going It Alone: Belarus as the Non-European European State

In the second paper of a symposium devoted to the contemporary status of Belarus, a noted American specialist on the electoral geography of the states of the former Soviet Union challenges assertions in the preceding article (Ioffe and Yarashevich, 2011) that only Russia and Ukraine are valid comparators against which to gauge the success of the Lukashenka model. Expanding the scope of comparison to include the three other countries neighboring Belarus (Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland), he demonstrates that a broader range of policy changes can be considered by its leadership in efforts to limit damage from the economic crisis in Belarus and position the country for renewed growth within a global economic frame-work. Examination of a wide range of social and economic indicators and government policies reveals, however, that in many ways an unreformed Belarus is poorly positioned for competition in an increasingly interconnected world, in which the elements for successful development are quite different from those providing economic stability in the past. A closing section of the paper revisits the debate on whether most Belarusian citizens actually aspire to a more "European" way of life or instead prefer the "Eastern" alignment and reliance on a Russian benefactor whose own economic future looks increasingly uncertain.
Protease inhibitors block multiple functions of the NS 3 / 4 A protease-helicase during the 1 hepatitis C virus life cycle 2 3

# To whom correspondence should be addressed: 14 David R. McGivern, Ph.D. 15 8.001A Burnett-Womack CB #7292 16 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 17 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292 USA 18 Tel: 919-843-9958; Fax: 919-843-7240 19 e-mail: mcgivern@med.unc. edu 20
Performance of Cognitively Normal African Americans on the RBANS in Community Dwelling Older Adults

Recent research suggests that cognitively normal African Americans are more likely to be misdiagnosed as impaired compared to Caucasians due to lower neuropsychological test scores (e.g., Manly et al., 1998). Given this, the present study sought to determine whether such racial discrepancies exist on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Performances of 50 cognitively normal older African Americans on the RBANS were compared to those of 50 Caucasians matched on age, education, and gender. The African Americans scored significantly lower on 10 of 12 subtests, 3 of 5 Index scores, and the Total Scale score. Results underscored the utility of demographically appropriate norms when serving minority clients. Given that there remains a paucity of normative data for minority groups, RBANS normative data for older African Americans are provided. Although preliminary, it is hoped that data presented will offer the practitioner assistance with clinical diagnosis and decision-making in a manner that will help minimize diagnostic errors.
A stochastic Approach for Intergenerational Socioprofessional Mobility in France: A Markovian Analysis Applied to Data from “Formation et Qualification Professionnelle” Surveys

In France, studies on social mobility are based on data from Training and Professional Qualification (Formation et Qualification Professionnelle, FQP, in French) surveys conducted over several decades by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. While previous researches limited their statistical analyses of data from these surveys at descriptive level, ours introduces a stochastic model that helps to better apprehend the evolution of intergenerational mobility and social structure over time in France. Thus, using data from six (1953, 1970, 1977, 1985, 1993 and 2003) FQP surveys, our paper analyses, with a regular Markov chain, the evolution of intergenerational mobility and social structure in France during five decades in adopting the two following approaches: a) The Individual Process: Analysis of intergenerational transition probabilities and the matrices of the mean first passage times in each state of the system; b) The Collective Process: Examining the condition of reversibility of different matrices of exchange and comparison of permanent vectors (fixed or limits) obtained from the intergenerational transition matrices. The outcomes show a significant change (with the decline of lower-class) in the social structure in this country over the time, while the social immobility remains high in the upper-class. Key words: Regular Markov chains, social structure, transition probabilities, destiny, origin, permanent vectors
A consistent null-space based approach to inverse kinematics of redundant robots

A unified formulation is presented for the inverse kinematics of redundant arms based on a special formulation of the null space of the Jacobian. By extending (appropriately rescaling) previously used null space parameterizations, the manipulability measure, the null space projector, and particular solutions for the joint velocities are obtained in a unified fashion. The minimum norm pseudo-inverse solution is obtained as a projection from any particular solution, and the method provides an intuitive visualization of the self-motion. The approach is applied to the case of the extended Jacobian (extra subtask constraints) to yield the measure of manipulability of the extended Jacobian, and also to find the joint velocities (including subtask) as a projection of any particular solution of the joint velocities. It is argued that relationships among the optimal joint velocities for arbitrary different tasks can be easily visualized via the null space of the Jacobian by using the authors' approach. <<ETX>>
Systematic‐analysis of mRNA expression profiles in skeletal muscle of patients with type II diabetes: The glucocorticoid was central in pathogenesis

Since the past 30 years, the prevalence of diabetes has more than doubled, making it an urgent challenge globally. We carried out systematic analysis with the public data of mRNA expression profiles in skeletal muscle to study the pathogenesis, since insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle is an early feature. We utilized three GEO datasets, containing total 60 cases and 63 normal samples. After the background removal, R package QC was utilized to finish the preprocessing of datasets. We obtained a dataset containing 2481 genes and 123 samples after the preprocessing. Quantitative quality control measures were calculated to represent the quality of these datasets. MetaDE package provides functions for conducting different systematic analysis methods for differential expression analysis. The GO term enrichment was carried out using PANTHER. Protein–protein interactions, drug‐gene interactions, and genetic association of the identified differentially expressed genes were analyzed using STRING v10.0 online tool, DGIdb, and the Genetic Association Database, respectively. The datasets had good performances on IQC and EQC, which suggested that the datasets had good internal and external quality. Totally 96 differentially expressed genes were detected using 0.01 as cutoff of AW. The enriched GO terms were mainly associated with the response to glucocorticoid. There were seven genes involving in the gluconeogenesis were differentially expressed, which might be the potential treatment target for this disease. The closely connected networks and potential targets of existed drugs suggested that some of the drugs might be applied to the treatment of diabetes as well.
Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between welfare and (ethnic) segregation across Western Europe (16 countries) until the mid-1990s, including for the first time Southern Europe. It investigates the ways in which the diverse housing systems, embodied in wider welfare regimes, shape and reflect different principles of stratification, and consequently, it reveals the different ways in which the resulting mechanisms of differentiation crucially influence the scale and nature of patterns of ethnic and socio-spatial segregation, particularly among low-income and vulnerable groups. Spatial and social dimensions of segregation are disentangled in each welfare/housing regime (four ideal-typical clusters), as are their roots in the state-market relationship and entrenched distributive arrangements. Differences in mechanisms of social and spatial differentiation are sought in each cluster, while weaving together housing tenures and housing provision analyses and identifying land supply arrangements as a common variable. This opens further investigative lines towards planning realms, hardly regarded in segregation studies, reinforcing the importance of land in the social and spatial division of urban societies.
Forecasting Philippine Monthly Inflation Using TRAMO/SEATS

The study aims to explore the feasibility of adopting for inflation forecasting a sophisticated expert system normally used in routine outlier detection and deseasonalization of time series. Known as TRAMO/SEATS expert system, this twin program is a fully automatic procedure that extracts the trend-cycle, seasonal, irregular and certain transitory components of high frequency time series via the so-called ARIMA-model-based method. The results of the study reveal the feasibility of the use of the technique for routine inflation forecasting. The automatic model building capability of TRAMO/SEATS is exploited to arrive at an ex-ante model that has the ability to generate optimal forecasts. The results show the ability of the final model to forecast inflation with remarkable accuracy.
MICROSATELLITE DNA EVIDENCE FOR GENE FLOW IN NEOTROPICAL LEK-MATING LONG-TAILED MANAKINS

Abstract I genotyped lek-mating Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) at Monteverde and Santa Rosa, Costa Rica, 115 km apart. Cavalli-Sforza distance was 0.04, DLR was 0.18, and RST and θ were both 0.02. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that both populations were part of a single cluster rather than from distinct clusters. I present a binomial test for probability of allelic absence as a function of sample size. Genotypic likelihood tests assigned 50% of Monteverde birds to Santa Rosa, versus 26% of Santa Rosa birds to Monteverde. Two lines of evidence supported the idea of asymmetric gene flow up the elevational gradient from Santa Rosa to Monteverde. Low differentiation at this spatial scale, despite intense sexual selection, suggests that sexual selection alone is unlikely to promote rapid divergence leading to speciation. Reduced gene flow, produced by geographic barriers or behavioral factors, may also be required. Evidencia de Flujo Génico Mediante ADN Microsatelital en Chiroxiphia linearis, un Ave Neotropical con Estrategia Reproductiva Tipo “Lek” Resumen. Determiné el genotipo de individuos de Chiroxiphia linearis en dos poblaciones separadas por 115 km, Monteverde y Santa Rosa en Costa Rica. La distancia de Cavalli-Sforza fue 0.04, DLR fue 0.18, y tanto el valor de RST como el de θ fue 0.02. Un análisis de agrupamiento bayesiano indicó que ambas poblaciones pertenecen a un mismo grupo y no a dos grupos diferentes. Presento una prueba binomial para determinar la probabilidad de ausencia alélica como una función del tamaño muestral. La prueba de probabilidad genotípica asignó al 50% de los individuos de Monteverde a la población de Santa Rosa, mientras que un 26% de los individuos de Santa Rosa fue asignado a Monteverde. Dos líneas de evidencia apoyan la idea de flujo génico asimétrico hacia arriba del gradiente altitudinal entre Santa Rosa y Monteverde. A pesar de la intensa presión selectiva sexual, la baja diferenciación a esta escala espacial sugiere que probablemente la selección sexual por sí sola no promueve la rápida divergencia que conduce a la especiación. También se requeriría reducción del flujo génico a través de barreras geográficas y factores conductuales.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretes and correctly processes human interferon hybrid proteins containing yeast invertase signal peptides

Synthetic oligonucleotides coding for the yeast invertase secretion signal peptide were fused to the gene for the mature form of human interferon (huIFN-alpha 2). Two plasmids (E3 and F2) were constructed. E3 contained the invertase signal codons in a reading frame with the mature huIFN-alpha 2 gene. F2 had a deletion of the codon for alanine at amino acid residue-5 in the invertase signal and an addition of a methionine codon located between the coding sequences for the invertase signal and mature huIFN-alpha 2. Both hybrid genes were located adjacent to the promoter from the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene on the multicopy yeast expression plasmid, YEp1PT. Yeast transformants containing these plasmids produced somewhat more IFN than did the same expression plasmid containing the IFN gene with its human secretion signal sequence. HuIFN-alpha 2, purified from the medium of yeast cells containing E3, was found to be processed at the correct site. The huIFN-alpha 2 made by plasmid F2 was found to be completely processed at the junction between the invertase signal (a variant) and the methionine of methionine-huIFN-alpha 2. These results strongly suggested that the invertase signal (or its variant) attached to huIFN was efficiently recognized by the presumed signal recognition particle and was cleaved by the signal peptidase in the yeast cells. These results also suggested that amino acid changes on the right side of the cleavage site did not necessarily prevent cleavage or secretion.
Evaluation of fine grain 3-D integrated arithmetic units

Three dimensional (3-D) technologies have come under the spotlight to overcome limitations of conventional two dimensional (2-D) microprocessor implementations. However, the effect of 3-D integration with vertical interconnects in arithmetic units design is not well discussed yet. In this paper, aiming at clarifying the effectiveness of the 3-D integrated technology in arithmetic units design, fine grain 3-D integrated arithmetic units that aggressively employ vertical interconnects are designed and evaluated. This paper also presents a design strategy for 3-D integrated arithmetic units, which partitions a circuit into sub-circuits to fully exploit the benefit of 3-D technologies. The simulation results using practical through-silicon-vias (TSVs) show that the fine grain 3-D integrated arithmetic units with the proposed circuit partitioning policy have a potential to improve the performance of the future arithmetic units.
Webized augmented reality mashup for legacy things

Although internet of things (IoTs) devices are attractive for making our life smarter, we need to replace existing equipment with IoT devices to connect, and this presents a cost problem. We propose a webized augmented reality mashup for legacy things that connects existing web services with things without the additional costs of replacing existing equipment.
Performance comparison of various STM concurrency control protocols using synchrobench

Writing concurrent programs for shared memory multiprocessor systems is a nightmare. This hinders users to exploit the full potential of multiprocessors. STM (Software Transactional Memory) is a promising concurrent programming paradigm which addresses woes of programming for multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we implement BTO (Basic Timestamp Ordering), SGT (Serialization Graph Testing) and MVTO(Multi-Version Time-Stamp Ordering) concurrency control protocols and build an STM(Software Transactional Memory) library to evaluate the performance of these protocols. The deferred write approach is followed to implement the STM. A SET data structure is implemented using the transactions of our STM library. And this transactional SET is used as a test application to evaluate the STM. The performance of the protocols is rigorously compared against the linked-list module of the Synchrobench benchmark. Linked list module implements SET data structure using lazy-list, lock-free list, lock-coupling list and ESTM (Elastic Software Transactional Memory). Our analysis shows that for a number of threads greater than 60 and update rate 70%, BTO takes (17% to 29%) and (6% to 24%) less CPU time per thread when compared against lazy-list and lock-coupling list respectively. MVTO takes (13% to 24%) and (3% to 24%) less CPU time per thread when compared against lazy-list and lock-coupling list respectively. BTO and MVTO have similar per thread CPU time. BTO and MVTO outperform SGT by 9% to 36%.
Plasma membrane–associated platforms: Dynamic scaffolds that organize membrane-associated events

A core of four proteins organizes sites of exocytosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the leading edge of moving cells. Gloss Different cell types have specialized regions of the plasma membrane that are required to perform specific functions. These specialized regions constitute large plasma membrane–associated platforms that regulate signaling events associated with the trafficking of molecules to and from these membrane regions. The platforms form by the interaction of cytosolic proteins with integral components of the plasma membrane that link the extracellular environment to the intracellular cytoskeleton. The analysis of the molecular components of different platforms reveals that a few cytosolic proteins form a core complex that is shared among platforms with different cellular functions, and this core complex is important for their assembly and function. This Review, which has 6 figures and 121 references, discusses the role of individual components of the core complex in different platforms and proposes a model for their formation and disassembly. Specialized regions of the plasma membrane dedicated to diverse cellular processes, such as vesicle exocytosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell migration, share a few cytosolic scaffold proteins that associate to form large plasma membrane–associated platforms (PMAPs). PMAPs organize signaling events and trafficking of membranes and molecules at specific membrane domains. On the basis of the intrinsic disorder of the proteins constituting the core of these PMAPs and of the dynamics of these structures at the periphery of motile cells, we propose a working model for the assembly and turnover of these platforms.
Optimal Livestock Management on Sagebrush Rangeland with Ecological Thresholds, Wildfire, and Invasive Plants

This article considers optimal livestock management on sagebrush rangeland in the presence of invasive plants, wildfire, and reversible and irreversible ecological thresholds. We find that ranchers operating on healthy rangeland have sufficient private incentive to maintain rangeland health, while ranchers operating on degraded rangeland will pursue rehabilitation only if treatment success rates are improved or treatment costs reduced relative to current levels. We also find that if ranchers do not understand the relationships among grazing pressure, vegetation treatments, and rangeland ecological dynamics, their management will result in higher short-run profits, but lower long-run profits, and greater ecological degradation. (JEL Q24, Q57)