Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional database of mouse liver proteins: Changes in hepatic protein levels following treatment with acetaminophen or its nontoxic regioisomer 3‐acetamidophenol

Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes acute hepatotoxicity in rodents and man. The mechanism underlying APAP‐induced liver injury remains unclear, but experimental evidence strongly suggests that activation of APAP and subsequent formation of protein adducts are involved in hepatotoxicity. Using proteomics technologies, we constructed a two‐dimensional protein database for mouse liver, comprising 256 different gene products and investigated the proteins affected after APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male mice received a single dose of APAP (100 or 300 mg/kg) or its nontoxic regioisomer 3‐acetamidophenol (AMAP, 300 mg/kg). The extent of liver damage was assessed 8 h after administration by increased liver enzyme release and histopathology. Changes in the protein level were studied by comparison of the intensities of the corresponding spots on two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels. The expression level of about 35 of the identified proteins was modified due to treatment with APAP or AMAP. The observed changes were usually in the order of 10—50% of the control value and were more marked in the high‐ than in the low‐dose of APAP‐treated animals. Most of the changes caused by AMAP occurred in a subset of the proteins modified by APAP. Many of the proteins showing changed expression levels are either known targets for covalent modification by N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) or involved in the regulation of mechanisms that are believed to drive APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Government-driven social enterprises in South Korea: lessons from the Social Enterprise Promotion Program in the Seoul Metropolitan Government

Although scholars and practitioners in the field of public administration have investigated the nature of social enterprises emerging from the nonprofit sector, little research has been undertaken on the role of governments in facilitating prospective social enterprises to transform nonprofits into social enterprises. This research explores the global phenomenon of social entrepreneurship by analysing the government-driven social enterprise programs in South Korea. What is the government-driven social enterprise policy in South Korea? What is the role of the government in driving the success of the social enterprises in South Korea? What are the factors that affect the success of government-driven social enterprises? The results of this study highlight how government support helps nonprofit organizations cope effectively with diverse constraints that may cause nonprofit failure in societies like South Korea. The study findings confirm that Salamon's third-party government perspective and nonprofit failure theory justify government intervention, suggesting that governments may drive nonprofit organizations efficiently to overcome a propensity to failure by providing them with resources. Points for practitioners This study found that government support to the small nonprofit organizations may facilitate civil society growth in Eastern Asia countries. Our research of government-driven social enterprise policy in Seoul Korea will provide a policy model for policy decision-makers for program design that would expand social services provided by non-state actors, and government-driven nonprofit policies will allow public agencies to direct and expand the social services without creating new agencies. However, we also found that the mandatory administrative approach may not address nonprofits’ daily challenges in an effective manner.
Rotor Faults Diagnosis Using Feature Selection and Nearest Neighbors Rule: Application to a Turbogenerator

Among failures that are observed in power plants, rotor faults have often been recorded. Thus, radial flux probes have been introduced in most generators to anticipate heavy rotor faults such as rotor ground faults. However, the commonly used signal processing done with those rotor flux measurements makes the diagnosis complicated. The aim of this paper is to present a diagnosis method based on statistical pattern recognition using flux probe and classical electric measurements. For that aim, a specific experimental setup has been designed to perform the methodology. This experimental setup is a small-scale prototype of a nuclear plant generator, which is, in fact, a direct-current-excited synchronous machine. In this generator, electrical and mechanical rotor faults can be carried out. Sixteen functional states have been performed for five operating points. From each measurement, a list of scalar parameters is extracted. Then, to reduce their number, a selection stage is achieved through the Fisher criterion and the sequential backward selection algorithm. Finally, the classification stage is performed using the k-nearest neighbors rule with Euclidian and Mahalanobis distances. As a result, the methodology developed removes diagnosis ambiguities of the commonly used signal processing by clearly splitting different types of faults.
Educational Game and Intelligent Tutoring System

Educational games and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) both support learning by doing, although often in different ways. The current classroom experiment compared a popular commercial game for equation solving, DragonBox and a research-based ITS, Lynnette with respect to desirable educational outcomes. The 190 participating 7th and 8th grade students were randomly assigned to work with either system for 5 class periods. We measured out-of-system transfer of learning with a paper and pencil pre- and post-test of students’ equation-solving skill. We measured enjoyment and accuracy of self-assessment with a questionnaire. The students who used DragonBox solved many more problems and enjoyed the experience more, but the students who used Lynnette performed significantly better on the post-test. Our analysis of the design features of both systems suggests possible explanations and spurs ideas for how the strengths of the two systems might be combined. The study shows that intuitions about what works, educationally, can be fallible. Therefore, there is no substitute for rigorous empirical evaluation of educational technologies.
Oil price and food price volatility dynamics: The case of Nigeria

Abstract This study examines the long and short run relationships between oil price and food price volatility as well as the causal link between them. The study used annual food price volatility index from FAO from 2000 to 2013 and crude oil price from U.S. Energy Information and Administration (EIA) from 2000 to 2013. The Johansen and Jesulius co-integration test revealed that there is a long run relationship between oil price and domestic food price volatility. The vector error correction model indicated a positive and significant short run relationship between oil price and food price volatility. The Granger causality test revealed a unidirectional causality with causality running from oil price to food price volatility but not vice versa. It is recommended that policies and interventions that will help reduce uncertainty about food prices such as improved market information, trade policies and investment in research and development among others should be encouraged. Also to reduce the effect of oil price shock, it is recommended that government should subsidise pump price of refined oil, seek alternative sources of energy and there should be less dependence on oil for fertilizer production.
Nutritional influence on epigenetics and effects on longevity

Purpose of reviewThis review synthesizes recently published information regarding nutrition and its impact upon epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in longevity and aging. Recent findingsRecent studies enriched considerably our understanding of the relationship between aging and gene–nutrient interactions that continuously shape our phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in mediating between the nutrient inputs and the ensuing phenotypic changes throughout our entire life and seem to be responsible, in part, for the biological changes that occur during aging. Less is known about the epigenetic role that nutrients have in directly influencing longevity and aging. However, recent studies clearly indicated that because nutrition modulates epigenetic events associated with various diseases (e.g., cancer, obesity, and diabetes), there is at least an indirect epigenetic link between nutrition and longevity and, therefore, biologic plausibility to hypothesize the epigenetic role of nutrition in altering longevity. Apart from limited human studies, promising animal studies brought us much closer to understanding how nutrition could have such an impact upon longevity and aging. SummaryComplex epigenetic mechanisms are involved in aging and longevity, directly or indirectly via disease mechanisms. Nutrition has a strong impact upon epigenetic processes and, therefore, holds promise in having important roles in regulating longevity and aging.
Electron energy loss spectrum application for failure mechanism investigation in semiconductor failure analysis

Electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) is widely used for material science analysis (F. R. Chen at al., 1998)(D. B. Williams et al., 1996), such as analyzing material elemental analysis and chemistry compound (Y. Mitsui et al., 1998)(M. Shimada et al., 2005). In semiconductor failure analysis, EELS provides clear evidence for investigating and identifying failure mechanisms and root cause discussions. There are three failure analysis cases in this article. The first one is the nearest atomic number failure analysis. The Z contrast of TEM image is not easy distinguished from Al (13), Si (14), which is obviously identified by EELS Al-K(1560ev) and Si-K(1839ev). [5] The second case is realized from the EELS result, the failure mechanism is silicon dioxide residue that resulted in a transistor out of specification. The third case is a barrier bridge identified by EELS mapping. From the EELS evidence, the root cause is identified as a insufficient tungsten back chemical mechanical polishing (W-back-CMP). Based on clear identification, the EELS application for failure mechanism investigation is very useful and helpful in Semiconductor Failure Analysis.
Investigation of neuropsychological characteristics of very mild and mild dementia with Lewy bodies

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study aimed to compare the profile of very mild and mild dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients with disease duration up to 5 years in order to find markers for faster progression in this early stage. Method: We investigated 45 DLB patients with disease duration up to 5 years and 22 normal controls. DLB patients were divided into two subgroups on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): very mild and mild. Results: Compared to normal controls, very mild DLB patients show significant deficits on tests for attention/executive functions, language, visuospatial/constructional abilities, and retrieval of the episodic memory. In addition, mild DLB (mDLB) patients show a significantly lower score on recall and recognition of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT–B), Stroop test, verbal fluency, and Clock Drawing Test than did very mild DLB (vmDLB) patients. Patients with mDLB also have more visual hallucinations, but not significant motor differences compared to vmDLB. Conclusions: In the present work we found that faster progression to the mild DLB stage in the first few years of the disease is mainly related to deterioration of memory, attention/executive functions, and visuospatial abilities, as well as an increased frequency of visual hallucinations.
Distributed reflectance model mining of leaf nitrogen content by using gene expression programming

Estimating dynamically for leaf nitrogen concentration is an important subject in the studies on crop monitoring. The traditional regression methods including linear regression, partial least squares regression, support vector machine regression and random forest regression depended on a priori knowledge and many subjective factors. Moreover, these methods have high time complexity and low computational efficiency for complex and high-dimensional hyperspectral data. In order to better find reflectance model of LNC for complex and high-dimensional hyperspectral data, this paper presents distributed reflectance model mining of leaf nitrogen content by using gene expression programming (DRMMLNC-GEP) which combined with GEP and grid service. The comparative results show that the DRMMLNC-GEP outperforms all other algorithms on the average time-consumption, value of R-square and prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, experimental results also show that with the increasing of datasets size, DRMMLNC-GEP demonstrates good speed-up ratio and scale-up ratio too.
Characterization of Insulin Ilpr Sequences for Their Ability to Adopt a G-Quadruplex Structure

A major genetic factor linked to the progression of type 1 diabetes occurs in the insulin-linked polymorphic repeat region (ILPR) located 363 bp upstream of the human insulin gene. Genetic studies have shown that individuals with class I repeats (30–60) are predisposed to the development of type 1 diabetes while individuals with longer repeats are protected. Previous research has suggested that some sequences found within the ILPR can adopt a G-quadruplex structure, and this finding has lead to speculation that G-quadruplexes may control insulin expression in certain circumstances. Unfortunately, relatively little study has been done on whether sequences found in the ILPR can adopt a quadruplex fold. In this study, we have utilized circular dichroism, thermal difference spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) melting studies to examine the first seven common repeat sequences (A-G) found in the ILPR. We find that sequences A-E adopt a quadruplex fold while sequences F and G likely do not. Examination of sequence B and a single nucleotide variant, B2, revealed that both folded into a G-quadruplex. This result casts doubt on previous studies suggesting that the formation of a quadruplex was related to the ability of ILPR sequences to regulate transcription.
Magnetic resonance imaging for ischemic heart disease

Cardiac MRI has long been recognized as an accurate and reliable means of evaluating cardiac anatomy and ventricular function. Considerable progress has been made in the field of cardiac MRI, and cardiac MRI can provide accurate evaluation of myocardial ischemia and infarction (MI). Late gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced MRI can clearly delineate subendocardial infarction, and the assessment of transmural extent of infarction on late enhanced MRI has been shown to be useful in predicting functional recovery of dysfunctional myocardium in patients after MI. Stress first‐pass contrast‐enhanced (CE) myocardial perfusion MRI can be used to detect subendocardial ischemia, and recent studies have demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion MRI for detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Free‐breathing, whole‐heart coronary MR angiography (MRA) was recently introduced as a method that can provide visualization of all three major coronary arteries within a single three‐dimensional (3D) acquisition. With further improvements in MRI techniques and the establishment of a standardized study protocol, cardiac MRI will play a pivotal role in managing patients with ischemic heart disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:3–13. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural Change and Technical Progress in Region Economic Growth:Evidence from China

Based on the"shift-share analysis"theory,this paper studies Chinese region economy growth effect. It decomposes technological progress and industrial structure's changes from factor productivity,therefore it measures and compares the contribution of industrial structure's changes and technological progress on China's region economy growth. Empirical results indicate that technological progress is decreasing with industrial structure's changes.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 2 Regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor mRNA Stability and Translation Mainly by Altering Tristetraprolin Expression, Stability, and Binding to Adenine/Uridine-Rich Element

ABSTRACT The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3′ untranslated region of TNF mRNA. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, MK2-deficient macrophages show a 90% reduction in TNF production compared to the wild type. Tristetraprolin (TTP), a protein induced by LPS, binds ARE and destabilizes TNF mRNA. Accordingly, macrophages lacking TTP produce large amounts of TNF. Here, we generated MK2/TTP double knockout mice and show that, after LPS stimulation, bone marrow-derived macrophages produce TNF mRNA and protein levels comparable to those of TTP knockout cells, indicating that in the regulation of TNF biosynthesis TTP is genetically downstream of MK2. In addition, we show that MK2 is essential for the stabilization of TTP mRNA, and phosphorylation by MK2 leads to increased TTP protein stability but reduced ARE affinity. These data suggest that MK2 inhibits the mRNA destabilizing activity of TTP and, in parallel, codegradation of TTP together, with the target mRNA resulting in increased cellular levels of TTP.
Convex Hull-Based Multiobjective Genetic Programming for Maximizing Receiver Operating Characteristic Performance

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is commonly used to analyze the performance of classifiers in data mining. An important topic in ROC analysis is the ROC convex hull (ROCCH), which is the least convex majorant (LCM) of the empirical ROC curve and covers potential optima for a given set of classifiers. ROCCH maximization problems have been taken as multiobjective optimization problem (MOPs) in some previous work. However, the special characteristics of ROCCH maximization problem makes it different from traditional MOPs. In this paper, the difference will be discussed in detail and a new convex hull-based multiobjective genetic programming (CH-MOGP) is proposed to solve ROCCH maximization problems. Specifically, convex hull-based without redundancy sorting (CWR-sorting) is introduced, which is an indicator-based selection scheme that aims to maximize the area under the convex hull. A novel selection procedure is also proposed based on the proposed sorting scheme. It is hypothesized that by using a tailored indicator-based selection, CH-MOGP becomes more efficient for ROC convex hull approximation than algorithms that compute all Pareto optimal points. Empirical studies are conducted to compare CH-MOGP to both existing machine learning approaches and multiobjective genetic programming (MOGP) methods with classical selection schemes. Experimental results show that CH-MOGP outperforms the other approaches significantly.
Upper Limb Coordination in Individuals With Stroke: Poorly Defined and Poorly Quantified

Background. The identification of deficits in interjoint coordination is important in order to better focus upper limb rehabilitative treatment after stroke. The majority of standardized clinical measures characterize endpoint performance, such as accuracy, speed, and smoothness, based on the assumption that endpoint performance reflects interjoint coordination, without measuring the underlying temporal and spatial sequences of joint recruitment directly. However, this assumption is questioned since improvements of endpoint performance can be achieved through different degrees of restitution or compensation of upper limb motor impairments based on the available kinematic redundancy of the system. Confusion about adequate measurement may stem from a lack a definition of interjoint coordination during reaching. Methods and Results. We suggest an operational definition of interjoint coordination during reaching as a goal-oriented process in which joint degrees of freedom are organized in both spatial and temporal domains such that the endpoint reaches a desired location in a context-dependent manner. Conclusions. In this point-of-view article, we consider how current approaches to laboratory and clinical measures of coordination comply with our definition. We propose future study directions and specific research strategies to develop clinical measures of interjoint coordination with better construct and content validity than those currently in use.
Selective hippocampal damage in rhesus monkeys impairs spatial memory in an open‐field test

The hippocampus is critical for remembering locations in a wide variety of species, including humans. However, recent findings from monkeys following selective hippocampal lesions have been equivocal. To approximate more closely the situations in which rodents and birds are tested, we used a spatial memory task in which rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) moved about freely in a large room, on a tether. We used MRI‐guided stereotaxic surgery to produce selective hippocampal lesions in five monkeys, and retained five unoperated control monkeys. In the study phase of each trial of the matching‐to‐location task, monkeys found food in one site in an array of identical foraging sites. During the test, which occurred after a delay, monkeys could return to the site where the food had been found during study to obtain more food. In Experiment 1, normal monkeys showed a small significant tendency to return directly to a site where they had previously found food that day. Operated monkeys showed no such matching tendency. In Experiment 2, further training produced reliable matching‐to‐location performance in both groups at short delays, but monkeys with selective hippocampal lesions rapidly forgot the location of the food. In Experiment 3, we tested whether monkeys used a “cognitive map” to encode the location of the hidden food, by requiring them to relocate the food from a starting location different from that used during study. As a group, monkeys were more accurate than expected by chance, indicating that they did encode the rewarded location with respect to allocentric landmarks; however, both groups of monkeys were significantly worse at relocating the food when required to approach from a different location. In Experiment 4, probe trials using symmetrical test arrays found no evidence for egocentric coding of the rewarded location. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consumer Perception of Brand Personality: An Empirical Evidence from India

The present study empirically measures the Airtel brand personality in India using Aaker’s brand personality measurement framework (1997). The study involved a questionnaire survey measuring five brand personality dimensions, namely, sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness. The data were collected from customers using Airtel services; telecom, broadband and DTH. To establish the best fitting measurement model, the first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were computed using AMOS. Results revealed that the items under ‘sophistication’ dimension such as feminine, good-looking, glamorous and smooth are not relevant with Airtel brand personality. Thus, the remaining four dimensions, namely, sincerity, excitement, competence and ruggedness were combined to form a higher order construct, namely, Brand Personality. These dimensions were found to be important in Indian context. These results are very useful for managers to understand the symbolic meaning associated with the commercial brands. The results can also be used to develop positioning strategies for Airtel brand, especially with ‘excitement’ and ‘competence’ dimensions.