Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by the product of the BCR-ABL oncogene, located on the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. BCR-ABL is generated as a result of a reciprocal t(9;22) chromosomal translocation. The mechanisms responsible for this illegitimate recombination event remain elusive but are presumed to require a close spatial association of the translocation partners (chromosomes 9 and 22). BCR-ABL fusion transcripts can be detected by a sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the leucocytes of some healthy individuals suggesting that chromosomal translocations may occur frequently in the general population. The presence of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts does not imply that the individual will inevitably develop CML since other conditions must be favourable for expansion of the abnormal clone. Breakpoints in the ABL gene occur within a 5′ segment. BCR-ABL fusion transcripts lack ABL exon a1 and consist of BCR exons fused directly to ABL exon a2. The breakpoints in the BCR gene on chromosome 22 are found within three defined regions. Depending on the position of the BCR breakpoint, fusion genes are generated that encode 190-, 210- or 230-kD forms of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Since the ABL component of the fusion gene is largely invariant, it follows that variability in disease phenotype may be due to protein sequences encoded by the translocation partner, BCR. Different disease phenotypes are associated with each of the three Bcr-Abl oncoproteins, p190Bcr-Abl, p210Bcr-Abl and p230Bcr-Abl. Mechanisms associated with malignant transformation include altered cellular adhesion, activation of mitogenic signalling pathways, inhibition of apoptosis and proteasomal degradation of physiologically important cellular proteins. CML is subject to an inexorable progression from an ‘indolent’ chronic phase to a terminal blast crisis. Disease progression is presumed to be associated with the phenomenon of genomic instability.
Delineating the whole brain BOLD response to passive movement kinematics

The field of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) has made great advances in recent years, converting thought to movement, with some of the most successful implementations measuring directly from the motor cortex. However, the ability to record from additional regions of the brain could potentially improve flexibility and robustness of use. In addition, BMIs of the future will benefit from integrating kinesthesia into the control loop. Here, we examine whether changes in passively induced forefinger movement amplitude are represented in different regions than forefinger velocity via a MR compatible robotic manipulandum. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), five healthy participants were exposed to combinations of forefinger movement amplitude and velocity in a factorial design followed by an epoch-based analysis. We found that primary and secondary somatosensory regions were activated, as well as cingulate motor area, putamen and cerebellum, with greater activity from changes in velocity compared to changes in amplitude. This represents the first investigation into whole brain response to parametric changes in passive movement kinematics. In addition to informing BMIs, these results have implications towards neural correlates of robotic rehabilitation.
Adjustment disorders: Fault line in the psychiatric glossary

Adjustment disorder entered the DSM–II nomenclature in 1968 and was recognized in ICD–9 in 1978. Before then the term ‘transient situational disturbance’ was applied to such conditions. The addition of adjustment disorder to the ICD classification was in response to the confusion generated by the older concepts of reactive and endogenous depression. Both DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) retain the category of adjustment disorder, which has utility as a clinical concept. However, it has been eclipsed by the focus on mood disorder among research and policy-makers. A consequence of this is the danger of exaggerating the need for expensive and sometimes unpredictable mental health interventions in those whose problems are likely to resolve spontaneously.
Day‐ahead electric vehicle aggregator bidding strategy using stochastic programming in an uncertain reserve market

Electric vehicle as dynamic energy storage systems could provide ancillary services to the grids. The aggregator could coordinate the charging/discharging of electric vehicle fleets to attend the electricity market to get profits. However, the aggregator profits is threaten by the uncertainty of the electricity market. In this paper, an electric vehicle aggregator bidding strategy the day-ahead market is proposed, both reserve capacity and reserve deployment are considered. The novelty of this paper is that, (1) The uncertainty of the reserve developments are address in terms of both time and amount. (2) Scenario-based stochastic programming method is used to maximize the average aggregator profits based on one-year data. The proposed method jointly consider the reserve capacity in the day-ahead market and the reserve deployment requirements in the real-time market. (3) The risk of the deployed reserve shortage is addressed by introducing a penalty factor in the model. (4) An owner-aggregator contract is designed, which is used to mitigate the economic inconsistency issue between EV owners and the aggregator. Results verify the performance of the proposed strategy, that is the average aggregator profits are guaranteed by maximizing reserve deployment payments and mitigating the penalties in RTM and thus the reserve deployment requirements uncertainty is well managed. Nomenclature Indices n Number of EVs from 1 to N t Time from 1 to M m Any time between 1 and M ω Number of scenarios form 1 to Ω q Number of days from 1 to Q Parameters M The total time intervals
Implicit Fusion by Joint Audiovisual Training for Emotion Recognition in Mono Modality

Despite significant advances in emotion recognition from one individual modality, previous studies fail to take advantage of other modalities to train models in mono-modal scenarios. In this work, we propose a novel joint training model which implicitly fuses audio and visual information in the training procedure for either speech or facial emotion recognition. Specifically, the model consists of one modality-specific network per individual modality and one shared network to map both audio and visual cues into final predictions. In the training process, we additionally take the loss from one auxiliary modality into account besides the main modality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the implicit fusion model, we conduct extensive experiments for mono-modal emotion classification and regression, and find that the implicit fusion models outperform the standard mono-modal training process.
Prevalence of herpes simplex, Epstein Barr and human papilloma viruses in oral lichen planus.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus -16 in oral lichen planus cases and to evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with these viruses. STUDY DESIGN The study was conducted on 65 cases. Viruses were detected immunohistochemically. We evaluated the histopathological and demographic features and statistically analysed correlation of these features with Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus-16 positivity. RESULTS Herpes Simplex virus was positive in six (9%) cases and this was not statistically significant. The number of Epstein Barr virus positive cases was 23 (35%) and it was statistically significant. Human Papilloma virus positivity in 14 cases (21%) was statistically significant. Except basal cell degeneration in Herpes Simplex virus positive cases, we did not observe any significant correlation between virus positivity and demographic or histopathological features. However an increased risk of Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus infection was noted in oral lichen planus cases. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account the oncogenic potential of both viruses, oral lichen planus cases should be detected for the presence of these viruses.
cGMP modulates spike responses of retinal ganglion cells via a cGMP-gated current

Certain ganglion cells in the mammalian retina are known to express a cGMP-gated cation channel. We found that a cGMP-gated current modulates spike responses of the ganglion cells in mammalian retinal slice preparation. In such cells under current clamp, bath application of the membrane-permeant cGMP analog (8-bromo-cGMP, 8-p-chlorophenylthio-cGMP) or a nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine) depolarized the membrane potential by 5–15 mV, and reduced the amount of current needed to evoke action potentials. Similar effects were observed when the membrane potential was simply depolarized by steady current. The responses to cGMP are unaffected by inhibitors of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. The response to cGMP persisted in Ca2+-free bath solution with Ca2+ buffers in the pipette. Under voltage clamp, cGMP analogs did not affect the response kinetics of voltage-gated currents. We conclude that cGMP modulates ganglion cell spiking simply by depolarizing the membrane potential via the inward current through the cGMP-gated channel. Modulation of this channel via the long-range NO-synthase amacrine cell may contribute to control of contrast gain by peripheral mechanisms.
Pedestrian detection based on merged cascade classifier

Reliable pedestrian detection is an important problem in visual surveillance. This paper presents a combined method for pedestrian detection, which significantly improves the detection accuracy without degradation of the detection speed. Firstly, we create a table to mark foreground pixels by means of background difference for eliminating background interference areas. Secondly, Weighted Linear Regression Model embedded into cascade GAB is used for training weak classifier with parts model based on head-shoulder. Finally, two classifiers based on Haar-Like features and Shapelet features respectively fuse to detect pedestrian. The experimental results show that our method can boost the detection rate and reduce the false alarm with non-degradation of detection speed. Particularly, our detection mechanism performs well in the lower resolution and relative complex background situation.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided High-Intensity-Focused Ultrasound for Palliation of Painful Skeletal Metastases: A Pilot Study

Background: Bone is one of the most common sites of metastases, with bone metastases-related pain representing a significant source of morbidity among patients with cancer. Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, outpatient modality with the potential for treating painful bone metastases. The aim of this study is to report our initial experience with magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of bone metastases and our preliminary analysis of urinary cytokine levels after therapy. Methods: This was a single-center pilot study of 10 patients with metastatic cancer to investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound for primary pain control in device-accessible skeletal metastases. Treatments were performed on a clinical magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound system using a volumetric ablation technique. Primary efficacy was assessed using Brief Pain Inventory scores and morphine equivalent daily dose intake at 3 time points: before, day 14, and day 30 after the magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound treatment. Urine cytokines were measured 3 days before treatment and 2 days after the treatment. Results: Of the 10 patients, 8 were followed up 14 days and 6 were followed up 30 days after the treatment. At day 14, 3 patients (37.5%) exhibited partial pain response and 4 patients (50%) exhibited an indeterminate response, and at day 30 after the treatment, 5 patients (83%) exhibited partial pain response. No treatment-related adverse events were recorded. Of the urine cytokines measured, only Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) demonstrated an overall decrease, with a trend toward statistical significance (P = .078). Conclusion: Our study corroborates magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound as a feasible and safe modality as a primary, palliative treatment for painful bone metastases and contributes to the limited body of literature using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound for this clinical indication.
Electromigration reliability issues in dual-damascene Cu interconnections

Electromigration studies on Cu interconnects are reviewed. Some history and more recent results are discussed along with a description of the present interpretations of the active mass transport mechanisms involved in Cu electromigration. The issue of the dual-damascene process and its potential effect on EM reliability is described with special focus on the peculiarities of the dual-damascene interconnect architecture compared to more conventional subtractively etched Al-based interconnects. Experiments performed on dual-damascene interconnects that highlight electromigration reliability issues such as early failure, a tentative explanation for via electromigration failure, and the Blech effect, are summarized. Emphasis is placed on an experimental methodology that uses large interconnect ensembles in a multi-link configuration. Such a large scale study of nearly 10000 interconnects has shown statistical evidence of bimodal failure behavior consistent with the presence of a weak and strong failure mode, which have been identified as voiding, respectively, within the via and the trench at the cathode end of an interconnect. A multi-link approach has also demonstrated a length-dependent distribution of failures that yields a (j/spl middot/L)/sub c/ product value of about 9000 A/cm in dual-damascene Cu/oxide interconnections and is consistent with mass transport that is controlled by the presence of extended defects within Cu such as grain boundaries, interfaces, and/or surfaces. The study of dual-damascene Cu has demonstrated the importance of statistics in analyzing EM reliability.
A Case for Performance-Centric Network Allocation

We consider the problem of allocating network resources across applications in a private cluster running data-parallel frameworks. Our primary observation is that these applications have different communication requirements and thus require different support from the network to effectively parallelize. We argue that network resources should be shared in a performance-centric fashion that aids parallelism and allows developers to reason about the overall performance of their applications. This paper tries to address the question of whether/how fairness-centric proposals relate to a performance-centric approach for different communication patterns common in these frameworks and engages in a quest for a unified mechanism to share the network in such settings.
A Comprehensive Study of Security and Privacy Guidelines, Threats, and Countermeasures: An IoT Perspective

As Internet of Things (IoT) involvement increases in our daily lives, several security and privacy concerns like linkability, unauthorized conversations, and side-channel attacks are raised. If they are left untouched, such issues may threaten the existence of IoT. They derive from two main reasons. One is that IoT objects are equipped with limited capabilities in terms of computation power, memory, and bandwidth which hamper the direct implementation of traditional Internet security techniques. The other reason is the absence of widely-accepted IoT security and privacy guidelines and their appropriate implementation techniques. Such guidelines and techniques would greatly assist IoT stakeholders like developers and manufacturers, paving the road for building secure IoT systems from the start and, thus, reinforcing IoT security and privacy by design. In order to contribute to such objective, we first briefly discuss the primary IoT security goals and recognize IoT stakeholders. Second, we propose a comprehensive list of IoT security and privacy guidelines for the edge nodes and communication levels of IoT reference architecture. Furthermore, we point out the IoT stakeholders such as customers and manufacturers who will benefit most from these guidelines. Moreover, we identify a set of implementation techniques by which such guidelines can be accomplished, and possible attacks against previously-mentioned levels can be alleviated. Third, we discuss the challenges of IoT security and privacy guidelines, and we briefly discuss digital rights management in IoT. Finally, through this survey, we suggest several open issues that require further investigation in the future. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first survey that covers the above-mentioned objectives.
Smart distributed query execution over data streams

Current era is witnessing a tremendous growth in the volume of data that is being generated in the form of data streams by the omnipresent sensors, micro-blogs, e-businesses, etc. Many organizations require on-line processing of their data for real time analysis and actionable alerts. It is not possible to process such voluminous and velocious data in real time using the traditional centralized stream processing engines. Hence distributed stream processing has emerged to facilitate such large scale real time processing. In this work we present a smart distributed event-driven stream processing approach. In contrast to the ordinary stream processing, event-driven stream processing generates query results on the occurrence of specified events only. In the basic event-driven stream processing, even when no event is raised input stream tuples are continuously processed by query operators, though they do not generate any query result. This results in increased system load and wastage of system resources. Whereas in the smart event-driven stream processing scheme, incoming tuples are processed in the presence of events only resulting in reduced system load. The proposed smart distributed event-driven stream processing utilizes the concept of smart query execution to distribute the data stream among the distributed worker nodes in the presence of events only; while in the absence of events no data is distributed as it can not generate query output. This smart data distribution can significantly reduce the network traffic in the absence of events and ultimately results in improved overall system throughput. Detailed experiments are performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Efficacy of vilazodone on anxiety symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder

Anxiety symptoms are prevalent in patients with major depressive disorder. A post-hoc analysis of two phase III trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of vilazodone on depression-related anxiety. Using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) Anxiety/Somatization subscale, patients were classified as anxious or nonanxious. Improvements in depressive symptoms were based on least squares mean changes in HAMD17 and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale total scores. Anxiety symptoms in the anxious subgroup were evaluated using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) total and subscale (Psychic Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety) scores, HAMD17 Anxiety/Somatization subscale and item (Psychic Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety) scores, and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale Inner Tension item score. Most of the pooled study population [82.0% (708/863)] was classified with anxious depression. After 8 weeks of treatment, least squares mean differences between vilazodone and placebo for changes in HAMA total and HAMD17 Anxiety/Somatization subscale scores were −1.82 (95% confidence interval −2.81 to −0.83; P<0.001) and −0.75 (95% confidence interval −1.17 to −0.32; P<0.001), respectively. Statistically significant improvements with vilazodone were also found on all other anxiety-related measures, except the HAMA Somatic Anxiety subscale. Vilazodone may be effective in treating patients with major depressive disorder who exhibit somatic and/or psychic symptoms of anxiety.
Three-Year Experience in NAT Screening of Blood Donors for Transfusion Transmitted Viruses in Croatia

Background: Croatia implemented individual donation (ID)-NAT testing of blood donors in 2013 for three viruses HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 as a mandatory test for all blood donors. This study assessed the impact of NAT screening 3 years after its implementation. Methods: A total of 545,463 donations were collected and screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 using the Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay. All initially reactive (IR) NAT samples were retested in triplicate and, if repeatedly reactive (RR), NAT discriminatory assay (dNAT) was performed. ID-NAT positive donations were confirmed by RT-PCR on the COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan platform. Results: Out of 545,463 samples tested, 108 (0.02%) were RR in NAT. There were 82 (75,9%) HBV reactive, 16 (14.8%) HCV reactive, and 10 (9.3%) HIV-1 reactive samples. 51 (47.2%) samples were ID-NAT positive only. Out of these 51 NAT yield cases, 1 window period HIV-1 and 50 occult HBV infections (OBI) were determined. There were only two potential HBV DNA transmissions from OBI donors. Conclusion: The implementation of NAT screening for three viruses has improved blood safety in Croatia. During the 3-year period, 1 window period HIV-1 and a number of occult HBV donations were identified.
Is the Multidimensional Poverty Index robust to different weights

In 2010, the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report and OPHI released an international Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) that reflects multiple deprivations in education, health and living standard that people face at the same time. How robust is this index to the different choices made in its design? This brief presents the results of tests that show that the MPI rankings are robust to a range of plausible changes in weights.
Determination of wurtzite GaN lattice polarity based on surface reconstruction

We identify two categories of reconstructions occurring on wurtzite GaN surfaces, the first associated with the N face, (0001), and the second associated with the Ga face, (0001). Not only do these two categories of reconstructions have completely different symmetries, but they also have different temperature dependence. It is thus demonstrated that surface reconstructions can be used to identify lattice polarity. Confirmation of the polarity assignment is provided by polarity-selective wet chemical etching of these surfaces.