Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the hygiene and sanitation practices of students of class VI to IX in urban government inter college at Allahabad district, India

Background: Hygiene and sanitation practices directly affect health status, and students can be easily educated for correct practices, which can be a cheap and effective measure for disease prevention, also it will reduce absenteeism due to illness in schools. This research paper was designed to assess the factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices among school children.Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, sample size was 400. Data was collected between August 2017 and December 2017 by using structured questionnaire on general hygiene and sanitation practices.Results: It was found that only 61.5% of students wash their hand before meals, merely 16.75% of them were practicing proper dental hygiene, 41.25% of them clean genitals properly, whereas 52.25% students daily consumes food from vendors. Significant difference in sanitation and hygiene practices was found regarding education of father, education of mother and socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Hygiene and sanitation practices among students are not satisfactory and there is scope for improvement.
Financial literacy and fraud detection*

ABSTRACT Who is better at detecting fraud? This paper finds that more financially knowledgeable individuals have a higher propensity to detect fraud: a one standard deviation increase in financial knowledge increases fraud detection probabilities by 3 percentage points. The result is not driven by individuals' higher financial product usage and is observed to be moderated by individuals' low subjective well-being, effectively depleting skills to detect fraud. Interestingly, prudent financial behavior relating to basic money management is found to have negligible effects for detecting fraud. The findings attest to the fact that fraud tactics are increasingly complex and it is greater financial knowledge rather than basic money management skills that provide the degree of sophistication necessary to detect fraud. The paper draws policy implications for consumer education programs to go beyond cultivating money management skills, and provide advanced financial knowledge necessary for tackling fraud.
A context-tree based model for quantized fading

Fading is modeled by applying context tree pruning (CTP) to the sequence of fading states that results from quantizing a sequence of real-valued fading measurements. There results a family of finite state Markov chains of increasing order that represent the channel with increasing fidelity. A fading state may be the union of chain states. A particular model may be chosen from that family according to an application-specific criterion. The resulting models facilitate analysis and simulation of wireless systems that exploit channel memory. An example criterion compares each model's fading state sojourn time statistics with those of the original sequence.
Risk Adjustment Using Automated Ambulatory Pharmacy Data: The RxRisk Model

Objectives. Develop and estimate the RxRisk model, a risk assessment instrument that uses automated ambulatory pharmacy data to identify chronic conditions and predict future health care cost. The RxRisk model’s performance in predicting cost is compared with a demographic-only model, the Ambulatory Clinical Groups (ACG), and Hierarchical Coexisting Conditions (HCC) ICD-9-CM diagnosis-based risk assessment instruments. Each model’s power to forecast health care resource use is assessed. Data Sources. Health services utilization and cost data for approximately 1.5 million individuals enrolled in five mixed-model Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) from different regions in the United States. Study Design. Retrospective cohort study using automated managed care data. Subjects. All persons enrolled during 1995 and 1996 in Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, HealthPartners of Minnesota and the Colorado, Ohio and Northeast Regions of Kaiser-Permanente. Measures. RxRisk, an algorithm that classifies prescription drug fills into chronic disease classes for adults and children. Results. HCCs produce the most accurate forecasts of total costs than either RxRisk or ACGs but RxRisk performs similarly to ACGs. Using the R2 criteria HCCs explain 15.4% of the prospective variance in cost, whereas RxRisk explains 8.7% and ACGs explain 10.2%. However, for key segments of the cost distribution the differences in forecasting power among HCCs, RxRisk, and ACGs are less obvious, with all three models generating similar predictions for the middle 60% of the cost distribution. Conclusions. HCCs produce more accurate forecasts of total cost, but the pharmacy-based RxRisk is an alternative risk assessment instrument to several diagnostic based models and depending on the nature of the application may be a more appropriate option for medical risk analysis.
The association of obesity with health insurance coverage and demographic characteristics: a statewide cross-sectional study

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract We evaluated the statewide burden of obesity and its complications among government and state funded programs (Medicare and Medicaid) and commercial insurance. We calculated the prevalence of obesity and the prevalence of relevant comorbidities among different demographic groups and based on health insurance, among adults (18–65 years old) who visited a statewide health network in the state of Rhode Island, in 2017. The overall prevalence of obesity among 74,089 individuals was 38.88% [Asians 16.77%, Whites 37.49%, Hispanics 44.23%, and Blacks 48.44%]. Medicare or Medicaid beneficiaries were 26% and 27%, respectively, more likely to have obesity than those who had commercial insurance (Odds Ratio:1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.20–1.32; Odds Ratio:1.27, 95%CI:1.22–1.32). Moreover, Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries with obesity had a higher prevalence of diabetes compared with privately insured with obesity (10.58% and 10.44% vs 4.45%). Medicare beneficiaries with obesity had a statistically higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease (4.34%, 95%CI: 3.77–4.91) than privately insured (3.21%, 95%CI: 2.94–3.47). Based on statewide data among 18 to 65 years old adults, Medicare and Medicaid provide health coverage to 40% of individuals with obesity and 46% of those with the obesity-related comorbidities and complications. State and federal health care programs need to support and expand obesity-related services and coverage.
Association between the Wilms tumor-1 rs16754 polymorphism and acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract The Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) protein is an important regulator of malignant hematopoiesis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently special attention has been paid to the relationship of the WT1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16754 with AML risk and outcome, but the conflicting results made it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis of existing evidence. We searched Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using predefined search methodology for relevant studies. We pooled odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to evaluate the association between SNP rs16754 and AML risk. In addition, we analyzed hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for overall survive, relapse-free survival, and disease-free survival. Q-statistic was used to assess the homogeneity and Egger test was used to evaluate publication bias. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of fixed-effect meta-analyses revealed no association between SNP rs16754 and AML risk (AA + GA vs GG: OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.71–1.19, P = .518; AA vs GA + GG: OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.86–1.76, P = .262; AA vs GG: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.68–1.63, P = .820; AG vs AA: OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.53–1.13, P = .186; AG vs GG: OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.68–1.16, P = .376). In subgroup analysis by race, age, and disease type, we did not find any significant association. However, the presence of rs16754 GA/GG genotype was associated with improved overall survive (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.91, P = .024) and relapse-free survival (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–1.00, P = .048) compared with the rs16754 AA. In summary, the WT1 SNP rs16754 was not associated with AML risk, but it had a significant impact on clinical outcome in AML patients.
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CONTROLS IN A BRAZILIAN BANKING OPERATION WITH FOCUS ON ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The objective of the present study is to understand how the preparers of accounting information systems elect in the midst of stream of internal control procedures to mitigate the risk of material misstatement in financial statements. In effect, what renders some controls unnecessary and other prioritized, and what impacts do such attitudes create in the operational results. Therefore, this study consists of a multicriteria analysis on the exercise of internal controls in a Brazilian banking operation with a focus on Accounting Information Systems (AIS). We interviewed seven employees from different functions of an organisation, who currently hold positions in the Operations, Accounts Payable, Information Technology and Finance. Results show that the multicriteria analysis of internal control which leads to relegating certain controls to secondary place and others prioritised are as a result of a) management do not understand in its entirety the relative importance of certain controls; b) management give importance to certain controls by overriding some in order to be efficient, knowing fully well that the lower relative importance controls are ostensibly less important; c) the control environment masterminds controls to suite managerial style by focusing resources toward high strategic risk; and d) resources are scarce in particular in SMEs where AIS are underused so as to comply with every control procedures. Overall, results also demonstrate that issue of multicriteria of internal control lies within human factors of managing scarce resources when measuring relative importance of controls in AIS.
Capital formation in fisheries sector in India: trends, compositional changes and potential implications for sustainable development

This paper analyses the trends in capital formation in fisheries sub-sector and the responsiveness of fisheries sector to capital formation during the period of 1990-91 to 2014-15. We find structural breaks in capital formation, coinciding with policy changes. There has been a deceleration in capital formation immediate post-liberalisation. The share of fisheries sub-sector in agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) has gradually increased, from 4.3 % in 1994-95 to 5.4% in 2014-15. Correspondingly, the share of fisheries sub-sector in gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in agricultural sector has increased from 3.4% to 9.7%. However, the efficiency of investment in the fisheries sub-sector has declined; the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) has increased from 3.2 to 8.3 during this period. The fast decline of the efficiency of capital can be attributed to over-capitalisation of some segments of this sub-sector, particularly marine fisheries characterised by a large number of mechanised fishing vessels. The public capital formation in fisheries as a share of the total pubic capital formation is very low. Inland fisheries also face sustainability issues in terms of environmental degradation. Improving the capital productivity warrants implementation of norms of sustainable fisheries. This requires prioritization of segments for capital infusion and prioritization of geographical locations.
The Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology (PO-Bado) – an Expert Rating Scale for the Psychosocial Experience of Cancer Patients

Background: The integration of psycho-oncology into the medical care of cancer patients requires a transparent, reliable, and valid assessment of psychosocial stress. The Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology (PO-Bado), including a short version and a breast cancerspecific version, is such an instrument. The purpose of this article is to present the current stage of development of the 3 versions. Patients and Methods: All versions of the PO-Bado were developed and psychometrically evaluated based on the empirical analysis of multiple oncological samples. External criteria for the validation and determination of cut-off scores were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients, and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire. Inter-rater reliability was examined by different psycho-oncologists who independently rated PO-Bado interviews. Results: Three versions of the PO-Bado are presented: the standard version (PO-Bado, 17 items), the short form (PO-Bado SF, 7 items), and the breast cancerspecific version (PO-Bado BC, 21 items). A manual and interview guideline are provided for all versions. By now, the standard version has been implemented throughout Germany and includes data of 6,365 patients. Conclusion: A consistent nationwide implementation of the PO-Bado for the assessment of psychosocial stress in cancer patients would contribute to the improvement of medical care.
Informal shariah pawnshop in the traditional markets of Surakarta

Purpose This study aims to explore how informal pawnbrokers and informal pawners interpret the existence of the informal pawnshop in the traditional market in Surakarta, Indonesia, with the main focus to determine the applicability of informal pawnshop development model. Design/methodology/approach The research used the qualitative method with the phenomenological approach using interview method to fully comprehend the informants’ views regarding the informal pawnshop existence in traditional markets in Surakarta, Indonesia. The applicability of informal pawnshop development model is required for Muslim market vendors. Charitable institutions shall participate in the development of the model by empowering (zakat, infaq, shadaqah and waqf) funds to help Muslims vendors in the traditional markets for additional capital in accordance with Islamic laws for a pawnshop. Findings The result of the research shows that the existence of informal pawning in the traditional markets is difficult to avoid as both informal pawnbrokers and informal pawners need one another. Most vendors in the traditional markets are Muslims. Islam teaches that loan interest is categorized as forbidden riba. Meanwhile, in the informal pawning practices, the informal pawnbrokers charge loan interest to the informal pawners. Originality/value The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the Islamic pawn shops motivated the people through interest-free system. However, in past, tradition markets facilitate the people, but they charged a huge against it with interest (riba).
The Conditional Indirect Effect of Performance Expectancy in the Use of Facebook, Google+, Instagram and Twitter by youngsters

Introduction : Previous studies have found a strong relationship between the degree to which individuals believe a technology helps to gain performance ( performance expectancy ) and the use of that technology. However, there is little empirical research that tests the mechanisms and conditions through which this effect operates in the adoption of social media by youngsters. Methods : We surveyed 502 students from Colombia and run a moderated mediation analysis to check conditional indirect effects. Results and conclusions : Data revealed high adoption rates (68%) of popular social media (Facebook, Google+, Instagram and Twitter) and, consistent with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), results showed that the conditional indirect effect of performance expectancy in the use of social media is a relevant predictor with weights up to 0.53. This effect is mediated by the behavioral intention , but only in some cases moderated by age and gender .
Online Food Delivery Service Quality: Does Personal Innovativeness Matter?

The emergent of online food delivery (OFD) industry is valued as a new channel in food industry in order to grab more sales and shares and has promoted the competitiveness among the OFD players. Therefore, a sufficient understanding of the nature of the online service industry is very important for service providers in this emerging market. This study attempts to discover the characteristics and necessities of this online service. Using adapted questionnaire from M-S-QUAL (Huang et al., 2015), this study aims to examine the relationships between customers perceived service quality of online food delivery (OFD) and its influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty, moderated by personal innovativeness. The study proposed six hypothesis and results indicated the positive relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Whilst customer satisfaction partially mediates service quality and customer loyalty, personal innovativeness has a negative moderating effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.
Stock (Mis) pricing and Diversification in Africa: Evidence from selected African Exchanges

This paper ascertains the extent of mispricing in equity portfolios, mispricing-divestment relation and the role of African equities as risk diversification strategies during commodity markets turbulence. Following Baur and Lucey (2010), one identifies arbitrary commodity market crisis to be 1%, 5% and 10% declining moments in returns. However, their approach is extended by using African equities as a safe haven against gold. A risk-augmented CAPM is specified to estimate the mispricing in equity portfolios while the risk diversification model follows Baur and Lucey (2010). For all the estimations, the regressions are run on daily data from 5th January, 2010 to 30th December, 2015. First, the results show the presence of transient mispricing in the portfolios returns of African equities regardless of the firms’ liquidity and volatility levels. More so, stronger mispricing is observed using an alternative specification. Second, mispricing causes significant divestment in big size portfolios. Third, there is a clear manifestation of strong, safe havens between South Africa and Cocoa markets; Egypt and Platinum markets; and Morocco and Oil markets, respectively. However, the Nigerian equities can be a successful diversifier for oil and cocoa during market turmoil. The conclusion is that mispricing in a portfolio of equity returns is due to low frequency of trading and that Africa’s equity markets are risk diversifiers and safe havens for commodities. The paper recommends the jettisoning of Investors’ buy and hold trading strategy and encouraging of the establishment of African commodity exchange to achieving the desired inclusive growth.
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and Staphyloccoccal Skin Infections in Schoolchildren

The Panton-Valentine leukocidin is associated with staphylococcal skin and pulmonary infections. We describe a school outbreak of skin infections and the public health response to it. Nasal carriage of a Panton-Valentine leukocidin–positive Staphylococcus aureus clone was detected only in previously ill classmates and their family members.
Morphological Classification of galaxies by Artificial Neural Networks

We explore a method for automatic morphological classification of galaxies by an Artificial Neural Network algorithm. The method is illustrated using 13 galaxy parameters measured by machine (ESO-LV), and classified into five types (E, SO, Sa + Sb, Sc + Sd and Irr). A simple Backpropagation algorithm allows us to train a network on a subset of the catalogue according to human classification, and then to predict, using the measured parameters, the classification for the rest of the catalogue. We show that the neural network behaves in our problem as a Bayesian classifier, i.e. it assigns the a posteriori probability for each of the five classes considered. The network highest probability choice agrees with the catalogue classification for 64 per cent of the galaxies. If either the first or the second highest probability choice of the network is considered, the success rate is 90 per cent. The technique allows uniform and more objective classification of very large extragalactic data sets.
Crystal structure of a hypothetical protein, TM841 of Thermotoga maritima, reveals its function as a fatty acid–binding protein

We determined the three‐dimensional (3D) crystal structure of protein TM841, a protein product from a hypothetical open‐reading frame in the genome of the hyperthermophile bacterium Thermotoga maritima, to 2.0 Å resolution. The protein belongs to a large protein family, DegV or COG1307 of unknown function. The 35 kDa protein consists of two separate domains, with low‐level structural resemblance to domains from other proteins with known 3D structures. These structural homologies, however, provided no clues for the function of TM841. But the electron density maps revealed clear density for a bound fatty‐acid molecule in a pocket between the two protein domains. The structure indicates that TM841 has the molecular function of fatty‐acid binding and may play a role in the cellular functions of fatty acid transport or metabolism. Proteins 2003;50:526–530. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Rhizosphere Bacterial Microbiota of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in an Integrated Pest Management Vineyard

Microorganisms associated with Vitis vinifera (grapevine) can affect its growth, health and grape quality. The aim of this study was to unravel the biodiversity of the bacterial rhizosphere microbiota of grapevine in an integrated pest management vineyard located in Piedmont, Italy. Comparison between the microbial community structure in the bulk and rhizosphere soil (variable: space) were performed. Moreover, the possible shifts of the bulk and rhizosphere soil microbiota according to two phenological stages such as flowering and early fruit development (variable: time) were characterized. The grapevine microbiota was identified using metagenomics and next-generation sequencing. Biodiversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil, independent of the phenological stage. Actinobacteria were the dominant class with frequencies ≥ 50% in all the soil samples, followed by Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes. While Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria are well-known as being dominant in soil, this is the first time the presence of Gemmatimonadetes has been observed in vineyard soils. Gaiella was the dominant genus of Actinobacteria in all the samples. Finally, the microbiota associated with grapevine differed from the bulk soil microbiota and these variations were independent of the phenological stage of the plant.
A family with X‐linked anophthalmia: Exclusion of SOX3 as a candidate gene

We report on a four‐generation family with X‐linked anophthalmia in four affected males and show that this family has LOD scores consistent with linkage to Xq27, the third family reported to be linked to the ANOP1 locus. We sequenced the SOX3 gene at Xq27 as a candidate gene for the X‐linked anophthalmia based on the high homology of this gene to SOX2, a gene previously mutated in bilateral anophthlamia. However, no amino acid sequence alterations were identified in SOX3. We have improved the definition of the phenotype in males with anophthalmia linked to the ANOP1 locus, as microcephaly, ocular colobomas, and severe renal malformations have not been described in families linked to ANOP1. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.