Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Architecture Design of an Integrated Communication and Broadcasting Network

Due to power limitation of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), how to maximize network lifetime has become a critical issue for deployment of WSNs. Although several schemes have been proposed for 2D WSNs, few for 3D WSNs are known. In this paper, we present a scheme for maximizing network lifetime in 3D WSNs through balancing energy consumption, as an extension of the existing scheme for 2D WSNs proposed recently [1]. Same as [1], we formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an problem of optimal distribution of transmitting data by combining the techniques of sphere-corona based network division, mixed-routing and data aggregation. We first present a Tiled-block based routing scheme in order to balance energy consumption among nodes in each sphere-corona. Then we design an algorithm to compute the optimal distribution ratio of transmitting data between direct and hop-by-hop transmissions, with the purpose of balancing energy consumption among nodes across different sphere-coronas. Finally we show how to maximize network lifetime through computing the optimal number of sphere-coronas. Simulation results show that our scheme is superior to conventional direct and multihop transmission schemes in network lifetime.
Use of Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with a high rate of mortality and disability. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography permits a noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of TCD in patients with severe TBI. TCD was performed, from April 2008 to April 2013, on 255 patients with severe TBI, defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≤8 on admission. TCD was performed on hospital days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Hypoperfusion was defined by having two out of three of the following: 1) mean velocity (Vm) of the middle cerebral artery <35 cm/sec, 2) diastolic velocity (Vd) of the middle cerebral artery <20 cm/sec, or 3) pulsatility index (PI) of >1.4. Vasospasm was defined by the following: Vm of the middle cerebral artery >120 cm/sec and/or a Lindegaard index (LI) >3. One hundred fourteen (45%) had normal measurements. Of these, 92 (80.7%) had a good outcome, 6 (5.3%) had moderate disability, and 16 (14%) died, 4 from brain death. Seventy-two patients (28%) had hypoperfusion and 71 (98.6%) died, 65 from brain death, and 1 patient survived with moderate disability. Sixty-nine patients (27%) had vasospasm, 31 (44.9%) had a good outcome, 16 (23.2%) had severe disability, and 22 (31.9%) died, 13 from brain death. The vasospasm was detected on hospital day 1 in 8 patients, on day 2 in 23 patients, on day 3 in 22 patients, and on day 7 in 16 patients. Patients with normal measurements can be expected to survive. Patients with hypoperfusion have a poor prognosis. Patients with vasospasm have a high incidence of mortality and severe disability. TCD is useful in determining early prognosis.
Calmodulin Affinity for Brain Coated Vesicle Proteins

Abstract: A systematic characterization of the affinity of calmodulin for brain coated vesicles was undertaken. Binding of [125I‐labeled calmodulin to coated vesicles was saturable and competed with unlabeled calmodulin, but not with troponin‐C. Scatchard analysis revealed one high‐affinity, low‐capacity binding site, KD= 3.9 ± 0.6 nM, Bmax= 16.3 ± 2.4 pmol/mg, and one low‐affinity, high‐capacity binding site, KD= 102 ± 15.0 nM, Bmax= 151 ± 23.0 pmol/mg. Radioimmunoassay revealed that coated vesicles contain 1.05 μg calmodulin/mg protein. Because this value remained constant even after removal of clathrin, the major coat protein, from the coated vesicle, it is apparent that calmodulin is associated with the vesicle per se rather than with its clathrin lattice. When a Triton X‐100‐treated extract of coated vesicles was passed through a Sepharose 4B‐calmodulin affinity column, polypeptides with Mrs (molecular weights) of 100,000, 55,000, and 30,000 bound in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. A 30,000 Mr, protein doublet purified from coated vesicles was completely eluted by EGTA from the calmodulin affinity column, confirming that this protein doublet represents one of the coated vesicle calmodulin binding sites. Because calmodulin stimulated [Ca2+‐Mg2+]‐ATPase activity as well as Ca2+ uptake in coated vesicles, it is postulated that the 100,000 and 55,000 Mr calmodulin binding proteins represent the [Ca+2‐Mg2+]‐ATPase complex, the other coated vesicle calmodulin binding site.
Abnormal Expression of the ERG Transcription Factor in Prostate Cancer Cells Activates Osteopontin

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix glycophosphoprotein that plays a key role in the metastasis of a wide variety of cancers. The high level of OPN expression in prostate cells is associated with malignancy and reduced survival of the patient. Recent studies on prostate cancer (PCa) tissue have revealed recurrent genomic rearrangements involving the fusion of the 5′ untranslated region of a prostate-specific androgen-responsive gene with a gene coding for transcription factors from the ETS family. The most frequently identified fusion gene is TMPRSS2:ERG, which causes ERG protein overexpression in PCa cells. ERG is a transcription factor linked to skeletogenesis. This study was designed to test whether ERG and the product of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene modulate OPN gene expression in PCa cells. To characterize ERG and TMPRSS2:ERG transcriptional activity of OPN, we focused on ETS binding sites (EBS) localized in conserved regions of the promoter. Using in vitro and in vivo molecular assays, we showed that ERG increases OPN expression and binds to an EBS (nt −115 to −118) in the OPN promoter. Moreover, stable transfection of prostate tumor cell lines by TMPRSS2:ERG upregulates endogenous OPN expression. Finally, in human prostate tumor samples, detection of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene was significantly associated with OPN overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that OPN is an ERG-target gene in PCa where the abnormal expression of the transcription factor ERG, due to the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, disturbs the expression of genes that play an important role in PCa cells and associated metastases. Mol Cancer Res; 9(7); 914–24. ©2011 AACR.
Myocardial oxygen consumption is unchanged but efficiency is reduced in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND Patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are prone to develop heart failure. We tested the hypothesis that compensatory LVH is associated with normalization of myocardial oxygen consumption and that this occurs at the expense of a decrease in the ratio between cardiac work and oxygen consumption (efficiency). METHODS AND RESULTS Nine hypertensive men with LVH (LVH+) (age 42+/-2 years), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) 161+/-8 g/m(2), blood pressure (BP) 145+/-16/88+/-10 mm Hg (mean+/-SD); 8 hypertensive men without LVH (LVH-) (age 39+/-5 years, LVMI 107+/-15 g/m(2), BP 140+/-15/90+/-11 mm Hg); and 10 normotensive men (CONT) were studied. Myocardial blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose uptake were measured during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia using PET techniques. LV dimensions, volumes, and workload were determined by echocardiography, and efficiency was calculated. Myocardial workload (2.5+/-0.8 versus 3.0+/-0.6 versus 2. 3+/-0.5 mm Hg. mL. min(-1). g(-1) for CONT versus LVH- versus LVH+; P<0.05, LVH- versus LVH+), myocardial blood flow (0.84+/-0.16 versus 1.06+/-0.22 versus 0.81+/-0.09 mL. g(-1). min, respectively; P<0.05, LVH- versus other groups) and oxygen consumption (0.09+/-0.02 versus 0.14+/-0.03 versus 0.11+/-0.01 ml. g(-1). min(-1), respectively; P<0. 05, LVH- versus other groups) were increased in the LVH- group. Myocardial efficiency was reduced in the LVH+ group (18.1+/-4.1% versus 15.1+/-2.3% versus 13.5+/-1.9%, respectively; P<0.05, LVH+ versus CONT). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial oxygen consumption per unit weight is increased in hypertensive patients without LVH but is normal in those with LVH. The normalization of oxygen consumption via hypertrophy occurs at the expense of efficiency, which may predispose hypertensive patients with LVH to heart failure.
Sedentary Behaviour Profiling of Office Workers: A Sensitivity Analysis of Sedentary Cut-Points

Measuring sedentary behaviour and physical activity with wearable sensors provides detailed information on activity patterns and can serve health interventions. At the basis of activity analysis stands the ability to distinguish sedentary from active time. As there is no consensus regarding the optimal cut-point for classifying sedentary behaviour, we studied the consequences of using different cut-points for this type of analysis. We conducted a battery of sitting and walking activities with 14 office workers, wearing the Promove 3D activity sensor to determine the optimal cut-point (in counts per minute (m·s−2)) for classifying sedentary behaviour. Then, 27 office workers wore the sensor for five days. We evaluated the sensitivity of five sedentary pattern measures for various sedentary cut-points and found an optimal cut-point for sedentary behaviour of 1660 × 10−3 m·s−2. Total sedentary time was not sensitive to cut-point changes within ±10% of this optimal cut-point; other sedentary pattern measures were not sensitive to changes within the ±20% interval. The results from studies analyzing sedentary patterns, using different cut-points, can be compared within these boundaries. Furthermore, commercial, hip-worn activity trackers can implement feedback and interventions on sedentary behaviour patterns, using these cut-points.
In Situ Text Summarisation for Museum Visitors

This paper presents an experiment on in situ summarisation in a museum context. We implement a range of standard summarisation algorithms, and use them to generate summaries for individual exhibit areas in a museum, intended for in situ delivery to a museum visitor on a mobile device. Personalisation is relative to a visitor’s preference for summary length, the visitor’s relative interest in a given exhibit topic, as well as (optionally) the summary history. We find that the best-performing summarisation strategy is the Centroid algorithm, and that content diversification and customisation of summary length have a significant impact on user ratings of summary quality.
The piezoresistive effect in polypropylene—carbon nanofibre composites obtained by shear extrusion

The piezoresistive effect on poly(propylene) (PP)–carbon nanofibre (CNF) composites fabricated by twin-screw extrusion and compression moulding has been investigated. The electrical and mechanical properties of PP/CNF composites have been obtained as a function of CNF concentration. Electrical conductivity exhibited low thresholds and values close to the required levels for EMI shielding applications at 2.4 vol%. Meanwhile the elastic modulus showed an enhancement with a maximum up to 130% for one of the composites at 0.9 vol% loading. Further, the piezoresistive response has been evaluated in four-point bending. Positive gauge factors between 2 and 2.5 have been obtained. The highest gauge factors are found within the percolation threshold. The characteristics of the materials and the production technique make them suitable for large scale applications.
The Role of 3D Ultrasound and 3D Power Doppler Imaging in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Ovarian Cancer: New Perspectives

BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is in frequency the third cancer of female genital tract, after those of uterus and cervix. However, its mortality is greater, and this is basically due to the difficulty in its early diagnosis, because it does not usually show symptoms until advanced stages and risk factors to develop it are unknown. A 3000 new cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed a year, and practically 80% of women are diagnosed in advance stages (III or IV), with a resultant overall five-year survival rate of
Robot Vision in Industrial Assembly and Quality Control Processes

In modern industrial assembly and quality control processes, that provide one of the crucial factors for the competitiveness of industry in general, there is a strong need for advanced robot-based object detection and recognition, object grasping and for the capability to perform assembling operations in non-structured environments with randomly positioned objects. Vision-based robotic assembly and quality control systems, that have been a topic of continued research interest for almost four decades, have now matured to a point where they can be effectively applied to advanced robot-based assembly and quality control tasks. This chapter will give an overview of research work related to the field of automated vision systems for assembly and quality control processes.
An Erbium-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source with Long Period Fiber Grating Wavelength Stabilization

In this work we demonstrate preliminary results of a technique which uses a long-period fiber grating (LPG) to compensate for the dependence of ? c on temperature. This technique reduced the slope ? c(T) of an SFS from 9.6 pm/°C (6.2 ppm/°C) to less than 0.08 pm/°C (0.05 ppm/°C) over a 46 °C temperature excursion.
Industry Dynamics : From Elemental to Aggregate Models ∗

Elemental models of the form pioneered by Ericson and Pakes (1995) capture the dynamics of a finite number of heterogeneous firms as they compete in an industry. Available algorithms can determine Markov perfect equilibrium behavior, though computational requirements become onerous when there are more than a few incumbent firms. Aggregate models of the form pioneered by Hopenhayn (1992), on the other hand, assume that firms are infinitesimal and infinite in number. The industry state in stationary equilibrium is constant due to averaging effects among firms, and this dramatically simplifies analysis and computation of equilibrium behavior. This paper unifies these two separate threads of economic research by providing conditions under which stationary equilibria of aggregate models approximate Markov perfect equilibria of elemental models arbitrarily well in asymptotically large markets. Our conditions require that the distribution of firm states in stationary equilibrium obeys a certain “light tail” condition. Stationary equilibria in aggregate models are closely related to oblivious equilibria in elemental models, as introduced in Weintraub, Benkard, and Van Roy (2007). We also study this connection and show that the set of oblivious equilibria approaches the set of stationary equilibria in asymptotically large markets. JEL classification numbers: E22, L11, L13 ∗We have had very helpful conversations with José Blanchet, Juan Escobar, and Assaf Zeevi. Correspondence: gweintraub@columbia.edu; lanierb@stanford.edu; bvr@stanford.edu.
Efficacy of antidepressants for dysthymia: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine the efficacy of antidepressants in dysthymic disorder and to compare antidepressant and placebo response rates between major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE databases were searched for double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants used as monotherapy for treatment of MDD or dysthymic disorder. We defined antidepressants as those with a letter of approval by the US, Canadian, or European Union drug regulatory agencies for treatment of MDD or dysthymic disorder, which included the following: amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, protriptyline, dothiepin, doxepin, lofepramine, amoxapine, maprotiline, amineptine, nomifensine, bupropion, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, moclobemide, brofaromine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, zimelidine, tianeptine, ritanserin, trazodone, nefazodone, agomelatine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, reboxetine, mirtazapine, and mianserin. Eligible studies were identified by cross-referencing the search term placebo with each of the above-mentioned agents. The search was limited to articles published between January 1, 1980, and November 20, 2009 (inclusive). To expand our database, we also reviewed the reference lists of the identified studies. STUDY SELECTION We selected randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants for either MDD or dysthymic disorder according to preset criteria relating to comorbidities, patient age, drug formulation, study duration, diagnostic criteria, choice of assessment scales, and whether or not the study reported original data. Final selection of articles was determined by consensus among the authors. RESULTS A total of 194 studies were found that were eligible for inclusion in our analysis. Of these, 177 focused on the treatment of MDD and 17 on the treatment of dysthymic disorder. We found that antidepressant therapy was significantly more effective than placebo in dysthymic disorder (risk ratio = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.49-2.04; P < .0001), while placebo response rates in dysthymic disorder trials were significantly lower compared to MDD trials (29.9% vs 37.9%, respectively; P = .042). Meta-regression suggested a statistically significant difference in the risk ratio of responding to antidepressants versus placebo when comparing studies either on dysthymic disorder or on MDD, suggesting a greater risk ratio for response in favor of antidepressant therapy versus placebo in patients with dysthymic disorder versus MDD (coefficient of -0.113; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS These results support the utility of antidepressants for dysthymic disorder. In fact, the margin of efficacy of antidepressants for dysthymic disorder was larger than for MDD. Future studies providing longer-term data on the treatment of dysthymic disorder with antidepressants are essential.
Fast T2 Mapping With Improved Accuracy Using Undersampled Spin-Echo MRI and Model-Based Reconstructions With a Generating Function

A model-based reconstruction technique for accelerated T2 mapping with improved accuracy is proposed using undersampled Cartesian spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The technique employs an advanced signal model for T2 relaxation that accounts for contributions from indirect echoes in a train of multiple spin echoes. An iterative solution of the nonlinear inverse reconstruction problem directly estimates spin-density and T2 maps from undersampled raw data. The algorithm is validated for simulated data as well as phantom and human brain MRI at 3T. The performance of the advanced model is compared to conventional pixel-based fitting of echo-time images from fully sampled data. The proposed method yields more accurate T2 values than the mono-exponential model and allows for retrospective undersampling factors of at least 6. Although limitations are observed for very long T2 relaxation times, respective reconstruction problems may be overcome by a gradient dampening approach. The analytical gradient of the utilized cost function is included as Appendix . The source code is made available to the community.
Orexin neurons are indispensable for stress‐induced thermogenesis in mice

Orexin neurons contribute to cardiovascular, respiratory and analgesic components of the fight‐or‐flight response against stressors. Here, we examined whether the same is true for stress‐induced hyperthermia. We used prepro‐orexin knockout mice (ORX‐KO) and orexin neuron‐ablated mice (ORX‐AB) in which the latter lack not only orexin, but also other putative neurotransmitter/modulators contained in the orexin neurons. In response to repetitive insertion of a temperature probe into their rectum (handling stress), ORX‐KO mice showed a normal temperature change as compared to that of wild‐type littermates (WT) while ORX‐AB showed an attenuated response. Stress‐induced expression of uncoupling protein‐1, a key molecule in non‐shivering thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT), was also blunted in ORX‐AB but not in ORX‐KO. When the BAT was directly activated by a β3 adrenergic agonist, there was no difference in the resultant BAT temperature among the groups, indicating that BAT per se was normal in ORX‐AB. In WT and ORX‐KO, handling stress activated orexin neurons (as revealed by increased expression of c‐Fos) and the resultant hyperthermia was largely blunted by pre‐treatment with a β3 antagonist. This observation further supports the notion that attenuated stress‐induced hyperthermia in ORX‐AB mice was caused by a loss of orexin neurons and abnormal BAT regulation. This study pointed out, for the first time, the possible importance of co‐existent neurotransmitter/modulators in the orexin neurons for stress‐induced hyperthermia and the importance of integrity of the orexin neurons for full expression of multiple facets of the fight‐or‐flight response.
Performance Study of Cooling Pads

The efficiency of an evaporative cooler on different cooling pads have been studied. Two type of cooling pads made of a curtain fabric and a raw cotton fabric were comparatively studied. The effect of blower speeds at 725, 1015 and 1450 RPM and water flow rate of 26.9 liters per minute were investigated. The results showed that an average of the different temperature between inlet and outlet were 2.9 oC and 1.7 oC for a curtain fabric and a raw cotton fabric, respectively. Saturation efficiency of the cooling pads made of a curtain fabric was in the ranges of 46.3 to 61.3% or represents an average of 54.8%, and 29.7 to 39.2% or represents an average of 33.2% for a raw cotton fabric.
Design of Organization Process of Data Link Based on Three Phase Methodology

Rational organizational design is very important for the performance of the data link. In this paper, the traditional three-phase methodology is analyzed firstly. In order to resolve the conflicts of resources allocation and decision coordination, elements of organizational design are classified as operational command, intelligence support and communication support. A framework of organization design for data link is proposed, in which, the model of platform is improved and a colored organization hierarchy tree is proposed. A hybrid communication structure is designed for the colored organization hierarchy tree. The ways to evaluate and improve the performance of the communication network is presented. It is meaningful for instructing the application of data link in the theory and practice.
Tuning the Acid/Base Surface Character of Carbonaceous Materials by Means of Cold Plasma Treatments

Carbonaceous materials, in the form of flat graphite slabs and carbon black granules, are surface-modified in radio frequency (RF, 13.56 MHz) glow discharges fed with NH 3 /O 2 mixtures at different power values, in 'order to graft oxygen-containing and/or nitrogen-containing chemical groups. In this way, it is possible to adjust the acid/base character of the material surfaces in a predictable way, as a function of the feed composition and of the power. A plasma reactor equipped with a rotating vacuum chamber and internal glass wings is used to keep the granular materials homogeneously stirred and to modify the surface of both graphite slabs and carbon black granules. The chemical modifications have been evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Water contact angle measurements have been carried out on flat graphite, with water solutions at different pH, in order to study the acid/base character imparted to the functionalized surface. Scanning electron microscopy analysis has been performed to check the effects of plasma treatments on the morphology of the substrates.