Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of synaptic activity in the development of the mouse central nervous system

Het doel van dit proefschrift was het karakteriseren van de rol die neurotransmitter speelt in de ontwikkeling en het stabiliseren van het zenuwstelsel in de muis. Hiertoe is de Munc18-1 deficiente muis als modelsysteem gebruikt. Allereerst bevestigde een vergelijking van wildtype, heterozygote en homozygote munc18-1 deficiente muizen de rol van munc18-1 in synaptische secretie. Heterozygote dieren zijn levensvatbaar, bevatten 50% munc18-1 eiwit (vergeleken met wildtype dieren) en hebben synapsen die in staat zijn tot neurotransmitter secretie. Homozygote dieren hebben geen munc18-1 eiwit en zijn niet levensvatbaar, maar ontwikkelen zich wel tot aan de geboorte zonder enige vorm van synaptische activiteit. Heterozygote dieren lieten minder spontane fusie en minder gestimuleerde fusie van neurotransmitter blaasjes zien alsmede een verlaagde respons op hypertone oplossingen en versnelde afzwakking van secretie bij hoogfrequente stimulatie. Uit deze bevindingen is geconcludeerd dat het munc18-1 eiwit nodig is voor secretie daar het synaptische blaasjes toegangkelijk maakt voor fusie (hoofdstuk 2). Homozygote dieren waren verlamd en stierven bij geboorte, vermoedelijk door gebrek aan ademhaling. Analyse van embryonale ontwikkeling door de tijd liet zien dat het mutante centrale zenuwstelsel werd gevormd maar vervolgens weer degenereerde. Neuronale connectiviteit was normaal en synapsen werden gevormd en daarom was het gebrek aan synaptische activiteit niet het gevolg van een gebrek aan neuronal uitgroei of het gebrek aan synapsen. Kennelijk was synaptische activiteit niet zozeer noodzakelijk voor het aanleggen van neuronale contacten in het brein, maar eerder voor het in stand houden hiervan (hoofdstuk 3). Op 16 ontwikkeling dag 16 (E16) gaf analyse van synapsen van de neocortex aan dat wildtype en homozygoot mutante dieren een vergelijkbare synapsmorfologie hadden. Tussen E16 en E18 ontwikkelden wildtype synapsen zich verder terwijl mutante synapsen dat niet deden. Op beide tijdspunten hadden wildtype dieren significant meer synapsen dat mutanten. Mutante dieren hadden daarentegen meer multivesiculaire structuren op E18. Dit suggereert dat de mutante synapsen van E16 werden aangepast tot multivesiculaire structuren op E18, en dat de synapsen die op E18 gezien werden nieuw waren. Onze resultaten geven ook aan dat een synaps die een paar synaptische blaasjes heeft zich alleen tot volwassenheid kan ontwikkelen wanneer het functioneel is (hoofdstuk 4). Anatomische analyse en gliele kleuring op E18 lieten zien dat neuronen stierven door apoptose voordat ze zich morfologisch konden differentieren wanneer er geen synaptische activiteit is. Bovendien differentieren glia zich eerder. TUNEL, macrofaag kleuring en electronen microscopie bevestigden dat cellen stierven door apoptose. Gliogenese vond voortijdig plaats op plekken waar neuronen gedegenereerd waren en met een patroon lijkend op dat in volwassenen. Deze resultaten geven aan dat, in de afwezigheid van fucntionele synapsen, neuronen niet verder differentieren maar sterven door apoptose (hoofdstuk 5).
Strength Properties of Concrete Using Crumb Rubber with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate

Concrete is most widely used building material in the world, as well as the largest user of natural resources with annual consumption of 12.6 billion tons. Basically it consists of aggregates which are bonded together by cement and water. The major part of concrete besides the cement is the aggregate. Aggregate include sand and crushed stone / Gravel. Use of these conventional materials in concrete is likely to deplete the resources unless there is a suitable substitute. Rubber which is generated in large quantities as waste does not have useful disposal till now. But rubber is found to possess properties that are required for viable replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Hence we in this project have aimed to study the effectiveness of rubber as substitute for fine aggregate and utilize the crumb rubber tyres in concrete, to minimize global warming. Aggregate properties viz., specific gravity, water absorption, acid resistance were to be conducted to ascertain the properties concrete specimens were to be casted and tested for concrete mix with various percentage of replacement (5%,10%,15% &20%) and its viability for replacement are discussed in this project.
Students' Attitudes on the Boundaries of Teachers' Authority

Educators in many countries are concerned about the decline in respect for authority by young people. The current study explores how children perceive their teachers' authority, what the `boundaries' (limits) to that authority are, and under what conditions they may decide to rebel. Over 200 Israeli elementary and middle school students were asked in semi-structured interviews how they conceive the norm of obedience to teachers; what kinds of illegitimate commands teachers issue; what pupils do in case of disagreement, and what is the jurisdiction of teachers and parents inside and outside school. The majority (81 percent) accepted the principle of teacher authority but qualified it with several conditions: authority was seen as limited to the school area, parents were accepted to intervene in cases of severe punishment and teachers should avoid committing aggressive and unethical acts. The discussion identifies circles of legitimate (agreed upon by both sides) and illegitimate (accepted by teachers but not by pupils) authority practices. It is argued that school psychologists can assist teachers and students identify this circle of disagreement and solve discipline problems.
NATCloud: cloud-assisted NAT-traversal service

Although over the last decade large efforts have been done to design efficient peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols, very few of them have taken into account the problem of firewalls and network address translators (NAT). Most of the existing P2P systems do not work properly when a high percentage of nodes are behind NAT. While a few P2P systems tackled the NAT problem, all of them employ third party nodes to establish a connection towards nodes behind NAT, and these may become bottlenecks, menacing the health of the entire system. A possible solution to this problem is to rent extra resources from the cloud. This paper presents NatCloud, a cloud-assisted NAT-traversal service, where rented cloud resources are added on demand to the overlay, as third party nodes, to help other nodes to make connections to nodes behind NAT. We show the feasibility of integrating our approach with existing gossip-based peer sampling services and evaluate our solution by simulations, conducting extensive experiments under different network conditions.
Evaluation and Consultation

The article suggests that in evaluations of health and social care in the UK, especially those that are officially sponsored, users have occupied a minimal role. It is argued that this is largely because such studies are conducted in the context of a dominant positivistic paradigm, particularly in medicine, that emphasizes 'scientific' as opposed to lay knowledge and the merits of experimental designs. The article focuses mainly on mental health where de institutionalization policies, and a growing emphasis on social treatments, together create a greater need for evaluations to incorporate users in more empowering ways. At the same time, a current interest in 'consultation' has generated many innovative and exciting new inputs for service users—for example, citizens' juries—that offer important lessons for user participation in evaluation. The paper argues that although much consultation has not been assessed itself, lessons may still be learned about the value of lay involvement, and which participation models exist that can be used to inform the future development of evaluations in health and social care.
B 2 Doc : B 2 : What is the best test to rule in gallstones ?

We are working on representing discourse in a system that we want to support mixed initiative interaction. The basis for this discussion is the authors’ work on a system for helping students understand the reasoning behind decision-support systems that use statistical information. The project involves taking an existing system, Banter (Haddawy, Jacobson, & Jr. 1996), in which control of the interaction rests primarily with the system, and redesigning it as a mixed initiative, cooperative agent, a system we call B2. Tutoring systems are a natural testbed for studies of mixed initiative because, at a minimum, the overarching discourse goal is clear: one participant is supposed to come to "know" what the other participant "knows" as a result of the interaction. Both participants are capable of taking control of the interaction to achieve this end.
Thermodynamic analysis of product formation in mesophilic acidogenesis of lactose

Thermodynamic analysis on the acidogenesis of lactose was performed to evaluate the different acidogenic patterns and mechanisms by using Gibbs free energy calculation. Batch acidogenesis of lactose was investigated by using an enriched culture at 37°C, pH 5.5 and varied substrate levels. In addition to usual acidogenic products, i‐butyrate, valerate, i‐valerate, caproate, and propanol were also produced at a significant level. Thermodynamic analysis shows that valerate might be formed through the reaction requiring hydrogen as electron donor and consuming of propionate and carbon dioxide. Caproate was most likely produced directly from butyrate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The minimum amount of Gibbs free energies needed to sustain isomerization of butyrate and valerate were approximately 5.7–5.8 and 4.5–4.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Propanol was produced from acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide with a minimum amount of Gibbs free energy of 41.8–42.0 kJ/mol. Formation of butanol was controlled more by substrate level or population dynamics than by thermodynamics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Civic Orientation in Cultures of Privilege

The context of privilege provides unique opportunities and challenges for youth civic development. A mixed-method approach was used to examine links between school-based community service, school climate, and civic orientation among students in cultures of privilege. Surveys completed by students (N = 376) at two private high schools—one with an extracurricular community service requirement and one without—suggest that students in the school without the service requirement report similar, and in some cases more positive, civic attitudes than students from the school with the requirement. Focus-group data indicated that the service requirement was viewed positively, but illuminated other school experiences that might promote community orientation in cultures of privilege, such as an emphasis on global awareness and making civic priorities fundamental to school identity.
LESSON PLANNING AS A VEHICLE FOR DEVELOPING PRE-SERVICE SECONDARY TEACHERS' CAPACITY TO FOCUS ON STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL THINKING

This study investigated the extent to and ways in which attention to students' mathematical thinking was evident in the written lesson plans or lesson planning process of ten pre-service secondary mathematics teachers at various points during their teacher education program: prior to and immediately after participation in a course (the Teaching Lab) that emphasized students' mathematical thinking as a key element of planning, during teachers' first semester of their field experience as they planned lessons in their actual practice of teaching, and near the end of the first semester of their field experience as they planned lessons on demand and for university assignments. With respect to learning from the Teaching Lab, the study shows that the teachers demonstrated significant growth on pre to post course measures in their ability to attend to students' thinking when planning a lesson on demand and for a university assignment. Furthermore, teachers continued to be able to apply these ideas when planning on demand and for university assignments several months later. When investigating whether or not teachers would apply the ideas they had learned when planning in their own practice, the study suggests three findings. First, teachers' attention to students' thinking when planning lessons that used tasks with a high level of cognitive demand was not significantly different from their planning for a lesson on demand or the lesson plan they produced for the Teaching Lab assignment. Furthermore, teachers were more likely to attend to students' thinking when planning a lesson that used a high-level task compared to a lesson that used a low-level task. Second, for some teachers, written lesson plans significantly under-represented their attention to students' thinking in their planning process. Finally, the study suggests that support from the mentor teacher and/or university supervisor may be an important factor in determining whether or not the teacher applies their knowledge of attention to student's thinking to their planning in practice.
Talents Unlimited: An Inservice Education Model for Teaching Thinking Skills

The Talents Unlimited project is an effective inservice education model for training both regular classroom teachers and specialists in gifted education in the development of students' creative and critical thinking skills. Four categories of training activities which comprise this model closely approximate the components which inservice research suggests are critical in helping teachers master new instructionalapproaches: Presentation of theory or description of strategy; modeling of skills; practice in simulated and classroom settings; feedback about performance; and coaching for application of skills to the classroom. The effectiveness of the Talenfs Unlimited model in enhancing teacher skills in the identification and instruction of students with varying backgrounds and diverse abilities is discussed.
An anti-interference EEG-EOG hybrid detection approach for motor image identification and eye track recognition

In this paper, an anti-interference EEG-EOG hybrid detection approach is adopted for motor image identification and eye track recognition. We present a wave trap filter and a band pass filter to suppress power frequency interference and white noise. Meanwhile, the filter can still separate EEG and EOG signal from hybrid signal. Then, the features of EEG/EOG signal are extracted by the wavelet transform algorithm, and classified by the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm. The effectiveness of the signal process method described in this paper can be clearly observed through both of simulations and experiments, and the accuracy rate of pattern recognition is demonstrated in the end of the paper.
New sections in Penicillium containing novel species producing patulin, pyripyropens or other bioactive compounds

Subgenera and sections have traditionally been used in Penicillium classifications. In the past, this sectional classification was based on macro- and microscopic characters, and occasionally supplemented with physiological and/or extrolite data. Currently, 25 sections are accepted, largely based on phylogenetic data. Certain sections of subgenus Penicillium were never studied in detail using a multigene sequence approach combined with phenotypic, ecological and extrolite data. Based on a combined partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) multigene sequence dataset, we introduce two new sections (Osmophila and Robsamsonia) in subgenus Penicillium and synonymize section Digitata with section Penicillium. The phylogeny correlates well with phenotypic, physiological and ecological data, and some extrolites were diagnostic for certain Penicillium sections. Furthermore, four new species belonging to the newly introduced sections are described using a polyphasic approach, including BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences, macro- and micromorphological data and extrolite profiles. The new section Robsamsonia and the new species Penicillium robsamsonii and Penicillium samsonianum were introduced to celebrate Dr. Robert A. Samson’s 70th birthday.
Unsupervised broadcast news story segmentation using distance dependent Chinese restaurant processes

Traditional unsupervised broadcast news story segmentation approaches have to set the segmentation number manually, while this number is often unknown in real-world applications. In this paper, we solve this problem by modeling the generative process of stories as distance dependent Chinese restaurant process (dd-CRP) mixtures. We cut a news program into fixed-size text blocks and consider these blocks in the same story are generated from a story-specific topic. Specifically, we add a dd-CRP prior which has an essential bias that the blocks' topic is more likely to be the same with the nearby blocks. Subsequently, story boundaries can be found by detecting the changes of topics. Experiments show that our approach outperforms both supervised and unsupervised approaches and the segmentation number can be automatically learned from data.
MDP optimal control under temporal logic constraints

In this paper, we develop a method to automatically generate a control policy for a dynamical system modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The control specification is given as a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula over a set of propositions defined on the states of the MDP. We synthesize a control policy such that the MDP satisfies the given specification almost surely, if such a policy exists. In addition, we designate an “optimizing proposition” to be repeatedly satisfied, and we formulate a novel optimization criterion in terms of minimizing the expected cost in between satisfactions of this proposition. We propose a sufficient condition for a policy to be optimal, and develop a dynamic programming algorithm that synthesizes a policy that is optimal under some conditions, and sub-optimal otherwise. This problem is motivated by robotic applications requiring persistent tasks, such as environmental monitoring or data gathering, to be performed.
Family, activity, and stress reactions in exile

The possible protective effect of family and activity (including work and employment training) on posttraumatic reactions in traumatized refugees living in a host society was explored. A total of 966 refugees participated in the study, the majority of whom had been exposed to war and/or torture trauma prior to arrival in Norway. The study sample consisted of two groups: one had been referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic for evaluation or treatment, the other consisted of refugees interviewed in connection with a health examination upon arrival in the municipalities to which they were allocated. The study showed that presence of family and employment/training had positive effects on posttraumatic symptoms regardless of level of traumatic exposure. But the results also showed that the higher the level of exposure to traumatic events, the stronger the effect of family (spouse and/or children) seemed to be. The study illustrates the importance of implementing psychosocial measures with special emphasis on activity and strengthening of family systems, in the integration of traumatized refugees in a host community. El artículo explora los posibles efectos protectivos que tienen las redes de apoyo familiares y el empleo/entrenamiento en las reacciones post-traumáticas de refugiados traumatizados residentes en una sociedad receptora. Participaron en el estudio un total de 966 refugiados de los cuales la mayoria fueron víctimas de varios eventos traumáticos previo a su llegada a Noruega. La muestra consiste en dos grupos: el primer grupo habia sido referido previamente a una clinica psiquiátrica para evaluación y tratamiento; el segundo grupo consiste en refugiados que habian sido sometidos a una examinación clínica llevada a cabo en las municipalidades que les fueron asignadas a su llegada a Noruega. El estudio muestra que la presencia familiar y los actividodos laborales/entrenamiento tiene efectos positivos en síntomas post-traumáticos, sin importar el nivel de exposición traumática. Los resultados también demuestran que los efectos de la presencia familiar en los síntomas son todavía más evidentes en personas que han sufrido experiencias traumáticas más fuertes. El estudio ilustra la importancia de implementar medidas psicosociales con especial énfasis en la actividad y el fortalecimento de los sistemas familiares para la integración de refugiados traumatizados en sociedades receptoras.
Interdomain Chaperoning between PSD-95, Dlg, and Zo-1 (PDZ) Domains of Glutamate Receptor-interacting Proteins*

The multiple PSD-95, Dlg, and Zo-1 (PDZ) domain protein, glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP), is involved in the clustering and trafficking of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor by directly binding to the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor's GluR2 subunit. Both the forth and fifth PDZ domains (PDZ4 and PDZ5) of GRIP are required for effective binding to the receptor. Using NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques, we show that PDZ5 is completely unstructured in solution. Freshly prepared PDZ4 is largely folded, but the domain can spontaneously unfold. Neither PDZ4 nor PDZ5 binds to GluR2 in solution. Unexpectedly, when PDZ4 and PDZ5 are covalently connected (i.e. PDZ45), both PDZ domains become well folded and stable in solution. The covalent linkage of the two PDZ domains is essential for proper folding of the tandem PDZ domains and its effective binding to GluR2. The interdomain chaperoning effect observed in the PDZ domains of GRIP represents a previously uncharacterized function of PDZ domains.
An integrative model of regulation centered on recognition of TCR peptide/MHC complexes

Summary: We have described a T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐centered model of immune regulation, in which MHC/TCR peptide complexes provide for the activation of regulatory T cells and likewise act as their target structures. In this model, the disease‐causing effectors are TCR Vβ8. 2+ and each of the required CD4 and CD8 regulatory T‐cell populations are specific for different conserved regions of the Vβ8. 2 chain, in the appropriate MHC context. We have characterized the dominance, the dynamics as well as the TCR usage of both effector and regulatory T cells. We have begun to characterize the essential elements of the regulatory program, including the mechanism of interaction among effector and regulatory T‐cell populations. Principles learned in this model have important implications for immune regulation in general.
Evaluation of the Korean Version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (K-PASE).

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (K-PASE) from PASE and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the K-PASE. This scale was originally developed by Washburn et al. (1993). A valid and reliable physical activity scale for the elderly is needed to assess accurately physical activity of the elderly, because there has been no valid and reliable physical activity scale for the elderly in Korea. METHODS The K-PASE was developed from PASE through linguistic validation and cultural adaptation for use with this population. Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants. Reliability was evaluated by conducting the test-retest and convergent validity was evaluated by Pearson correlation. RESULTS Test-retest reliability, assessed over a 2 week interval, was r=. 94. Convergent validity was established by correlating the K-PASE scores between related variables which were the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) and hand-grip strength. Scores of the K-PASE had a low significant correlation with TMIG-IC (r=.246, p<.001), and hand-grip strength (r=.251, p<.001). The mean score of physical activity of Korean elderly assessed by the K-PASE was 96.5. CONCLUSION We conclude that the K-PASE is a reliable and valid instrument to assess physical activity for Korean elderly.