Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolución y descripción de los modelos de personalidad de marca en Latinoamérica

El concepto de personalidad de marca se ha desarrollado fuertemente en las ultimas dos decadas, generando un alto interes por parte de investigadores y empresarios, ya que la personalidad le entrega a un producto o servicio aspectos de identificacion y diferenciacion entre sus pares. Desde el punto de vista de los consumidores, son ellos quienes le otorgan un valor unico a una marca, interaccion que podria predecir la intencion de compra o adquisicion de sus productos y servicios. Personalidad de marca se refiere a los rasgos humanos de personalidad que entrega el consumidor ante una marca. Jennifer Aaker (1997) propone una escala de medicion, valida, confiable y generalizable, que identifica cinco dimensiones de personalidad en las marcas existentes en Estados Unidos: competencia, emocionalidad, rudeza, sinceridad y sofisticacion. El modelo explica que todas las marcas poseen rasgos de personalidad identificables por los consumidores. Sin embargo, existen nuevas investigaciones que critican el modelo de Aaker, aseverando que este no puede ser replicado en el contexto de cualquier industria ni en diferentes culturas, ya que la percepcion y preferencia de los consumidores puede variar. Por esta razon, diferentes investigadores han planteado nuevas propuestas de modelos de personalidad de marca, en donde Latinoamerica es un nicho en donde varios autores han presentado nuevas escalas de medicion. En este contexto, la presente investigacion tiene el objetivo de realizar una revision teorica y evolutiva de los modelos de personalidad de marca que se han utilizado en Latinoamerica, conceptualizando la definicion de marca y personalidad, con el fin de caracterizar las diferentes propuestas. Como conclusion, el modelo de Aaker se encuentra presente en la mayoria de los estudios analizados, ratificando el respaldo de la literatura a las cinco dimensiones de personalidad de marca.
INVESTIGATION OF PROTEINURIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY

MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen women were studied, 10 primigravidae and 3 multiparae. Two of the latter had proteinuria in a previous pregnancy. Three prirnigravidae gave a definite history of nephritis. The remaining 8 women had pre-eclamptic toxaemia of varying degree and 2 of them developed eclampsia. The patients were selected from among those whose urines gave a positive test for protein on routine examination at the antenatal clinic, although the date on onset of proteinuria was unknown in most cases since many of the patients did not come under observation until the latter part of pregnancy. Each case was studied weekly, and in some cases daily, before and after delivery. The preparation of urine for electrophoresis presents a problem since concentration is an essential preliminary step. Previously, this was achieved by dialysis, a prolonged procedure in which bacterial contamination was possible. In the present study midstream specimens of urine were obtained. Ten ml. samples were filtered through millipore filters, 0 7 micron pore size, and dialyzed in a collodion bag against a mixture of equal parts of 0 . 9 per cent sodium chloride and barbital buffer, pH 8 . 6 , at a vacuum of 700 rnm. Hg at room temperature. Concentrate volumes of 0.02 to 0.2 ml. were obtained within two to three hours. The method is obviously less time-consuming and reduces the possibility of bacterial action on proteins (Goddard and Hobbs, 1968). The protein concentration of the prepared urine was estimated by the method of Harrison (1957). Immuno-electrophoretic analysis was carried out according to the method detailed previously (McEwan, 1968). Five antisera were used for the analysis of each specimen. In the first instance wide-range goat antiserum to whole serum (Hyland Laboratories) was applied to provide a general pattern in which gross differences between individual specimens might be detected. Subsequently, four separate electrophoretic runs were made and a specific antiserum for a single protein was applied to each. The antisera selected for this purpose were anti-albumin, anti-transferrin, anti-y-globulin and anti-a,-macroglobulin. It was thus possible to detect the presence of proteins with molecular weights ranging from 70,000 to 900,000.
A new low-cost method for identifying untestable path delay faults

In many designs a large portion of path delay faults is non-robustly untestable. This paper presents a new low-cost method for identifying non-robustly untestable path delay faults. Using an implication-based procedure, our method starts with a small number of path segments, called maximum fanout-free segments, to quickly locate lines which cannot construct non-robustly testable paths with them. After a large portion of faults is marked as untestable, only a small subset of faults remains for the ATPG procedure, which can effectively alleviate the problem of handling a huge number of path delay faults and reduce test generation time. Experimental results for ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits demonstrate that a significant portion of non-robustly untestable path delay faults was identified efficiently using our method. For most of these circuits, 90%-95% of non-robustly untestable path delay faults can be identified within a small amount of CPU time.
Variation in body size and metamorphic traits of Iberian spadefoot toads over a short geographic distance

Determinants of geographic variation in body size are often poorly understood, especially in organisms with complex life cycles. We examined patterns of adult body size and metamorphic traits variation in Iberian spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes) populations, which exhibit an extreme reduction in adult body size, 71.6% reduction in body mass, within just about 30 km at south-western Spain. We hypothesized that size at and time to metamorphosis would be predictive of the spatial pattern observed in adult body size. Larvae from eight populations were raised in a common garden experiment at two different larval densities that allow to differentiate whether population divergence was genetically based or was simply a reflection of environmental variation and, in addition, whether this population divergence was modulated by differing crowding larval environments. Larger adult size populations had higher larval growth rates, attaining larger sizes at metamorphosis, and exhibited higher survival than smaller-sized populations at both densities, although accentuated at a low larval density. These population differences appeared to be consistent once embryo size variation was controlled for, suggesting that this phenotypic divergence is not due to maternal effects. Our results suggest considerable genetic differentiation in metamorphic traits that parallels and may be a causal determinant of geographic variation in adult body size.
Base Flipping in V(D)J Recombination: Insights into the Mechanism of Hairpin Formation, the 12/23 Rule, and the Coordination of Double-Strand Breaks

ABSTRACT Tn5 transposase cleaves the transposon end using a hairpin intermediate on the transposon end. This involves a flipped base that is stacked against a tryptophan residue in the protein. However, many other members of the cut-and-paste transposase family, including the RAG1 protein, produce a hairpin on the flanking DNA. We have investigated the reversed polarity of the reaction for RAG recombination. Although the RAG proteins appear to employ a base-flipping mechanism using aromatic residues, the putatively flipped base is not at the expected location and does not appear to stack against any of the said aromatic residues. We propose an alternative model in which a flipped base is accommodated in a nonspecific pocket or cleft within the recombinase. This is consistent with the location of the flipped base at position −1 in the coding flank, which can be occupied by purine or pyrimidine bases that would be difficult to stabilize using a single, highly specific, interaction. Finally, during this work we noticed that the putative base-flipping events on either side of the 12/23 recombination signal sequence paired complex are coupled to the nicking steps and serve to coordinate the double-strand breaks on either side of the complex.
Setting the Operating Reserve Using Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasts

In power systems with a large integration of wind power, setting the adequate operating reserve levels is one of the main concerns of system operators (SO). The integration of large shares of wind generation in power systems led to the development of new forecasting methodologies, including probabilistic forecasting tools, but management tools able to use those forecasts to help making operational decisions are still needed. In this paper, a risk evaluation perspective is used, showing that it is possible to describe the consequences of each possible reserve level through a set of risk indices useful for decision making. The new reserve management tool (RMT) described in the paper is intended to support the SO in defining the operating reserve needs for the daily and intraday markets. Decision strategies like setting an acceptable risk level or finding a compromise between economic issues and the risk of loss of load are explored. An illustrative example based on the Portuguese power system demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of the tool.
Minaprine: An Anticholinergic-Free Antidepressant?

Minaprine is an amino-phenylpyridazine antidepressant reported to be relatively free of anticholinergic effects, cardiotoxicity, drowsiness, and weight gain. Minaprine (100mg t.d.s. and 100mg b.d.) was compared with mianserin (20 mg t.d.s.) in 117 depressed patients, and all three regimes produced significant reductions in scores on the HRSD at the end of six weeks' treatment. There were no anticholinergic effects, but there was a significantly greater incidence of drowsiness with mianserin than with minaprine.
Dark Shadows

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Solar Electric Power Association, the Utility Wind Integration Group, and the U.S. Department of Energy hosted a day-long public workshop on the variability of photovoltaic (PV) plants. The workshop brought together utilities, PV system developers, power system operators, and several experts to discuss the potential impacts of PV variability and uncertainty on power system operations.
Valid Linear Inequalities for Fixed Charge Problems

Many problems in the Operations Research/Management Science literature can be formulated with both zero-one and continuous variables. However, the exact optimization of such mixed zero-one models remains a computational challenge. In this paper, we propose to study mixed problems from a mathematical point of view that is similar in spirit to recent research on purely combinatorial problems that has investigated systems of defining linear inequalities or facets of the underlying polytope. At least two numerical studies have validated this line of research computationally, and the advances in the problem-solving capabilities are considerable. We expect that similar gains are possible for the mixed zero-one problem. More precisely, we consider the mixed integer programs whose feasible region X is composed of i a simple additive constraint in the continuous variables xj, for j = 1, 2, ', n and ii constraints 0 â¤ xj â¤ mjyj defined by binary variables yj for j = 1, 2, ', n. This type of feasible region arises in a variety of mixed integer problems, and particularly in network problems with fixed charges on the arcs. We derive two classes of facet-defining linear inequalities of the convex hull of X, and show that the second of these classes gives a complete description of the convex hull when mj = m for all j. We also develop methods to detect violated inequalities from these classes, so that these facets can be used as cutting planes to strengthen the formulations of certain mixed integer problems.
Functional Analysis of the Streptomyces coelicolor NrdR ATP-Cone Domain: Role in Nucleotide Binding, Oligomerization, and DNA Interactions

ABSTRACT Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes in all living cells, providing the only known de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs), the immediate precursors of DNA synthesis and repair. RNRs catalyze the controlled reduction of all four ribonucleotides to maintain a balanced pool of dNTPs during the cell cycle. Streptomyces species contain genes, nrdAB and nrdJ, coding for oxygen-dependent class I and oxygen-independent class II RNRs, either of which is sufficient for vegetative growth. Both sets of genes are transcriptionally repressed by NrdR. NrdR contains a zinc ribbon DNA-binding domain and an ATP-cone domain similar to that present in the allosteric activity site of many class I and class III RNRs. Purified NrdR contains up to 1 mol of tightly bound ATP or dATP per mol of protein and binds to tandem 16-bp sequences, termed NrdR-boxes, present in the upstream regulatory regions of bacterial RNR operons. Previously, we showed that the ATP-cone domain alone determines nucleotide binding and that an NrdR mutant defective in nucleotide binding was unable to bind to DNA probes containing NrdR-boxes. These observations led us to propose that when NrdR binds ATP/dATP it undergoes a conformational change that affects DNA binding and hence RNR gene expression. In this study, we analyzed a collection of ATP-cone mutant proteins containing changes in residues inferred to be implicated in nucleotide binding and show that they result in pleiotrophic effects on ATP/dATP binding, on protein oligomerization, and on DNA binding. A model is proposed to integrate these observations.
N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine release from rat hippocampal slices.

The release of preloaded radiolabeled norepinephrine ([3H]NE) from slices of rat hippocampus can be stimulated by excitatory amino acids that interact with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The acidic dipeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartylglutamate (NAAG) is colocalized with NE in the cell bodies of locus coeruleus (the origin of the noradrenergic projections to the hippocampus) and the hippocampus itself. The function of NAAG in these neurons has not been demonstrated, although evidence exists that it may serve as a neuromodulator in other neuronal pathways. NAAG inhibited the release of [3H]NE stimulated by NMDA and L-glutamate in a concentration-related manner. The maximal inhibition produced by NAAG was about 25% of the control release stimulated by 25 microM NMDA. The effects observed were caused by the intact dipeptide and not the degradation artifacts produced by the enzyme N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase because N-acetyl-L-aspartate had no significant effect on the release and L-glutamate was stimulatory. The activity of this enzyme appears to be suppressed under the assay conditions used. Although the addition of glycine did not enhance NMDA-stimulated release, 7-chlorokynurenate and 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 decreased the release in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the attenuation produced by NAAG plus 7-chlorokynurenate or 1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolidone-2 was greater than the inhibitory actions of either glycine antagonist alone. Similarly, NAAG produced additional inhibition over that produced by either of two different voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Closed-form linear stability conditions for rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection with rigid stress-free upper and lower boundaries

The linear dynamics of rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection with rigid stress-free boundaries has been thoroughly investigated by Chandrasekhar (1961) who determined the marginal stability boundary and critical horizontal wavenumbers for the onset of convection and overstability as a function of the Taylor number $T$. No closed-form formulae appeared to exist and the results were tabulated numerically. However, by taking the Rayleigh number $R$ as independent variable we have found remarkably simple expressions. When the Prandtl number $P \geq P_{\! \! c}=0.67659$, the marginal stability boundary is described by the curve $T(R)= R[(R/R_c)^{1/2} -1]$ where $R_c=\frac{27}{4}\pi^4$ is Rayleigh's famous critical value for the onset of stationary convection in a non-rotating system ($T=0$). For $P < P_{\! \! c}$ the marginal stability boundary is determined by this curve until it is intersected by the curve \[ T(R,P)= R{\Bigg[\bigg(\frac{1+P}{2^3 P^4}\bigg)^{1/2}(R/R_c)^{1/2} -\frac{1+P}{2P^2}\Bigg]}. \]A simple expression for the intersection point is derived and also for the critical horizontal wavenumbers for which, along the marginal stability boundary, instability sets in either as stationary convection or in an oscillatory fashion. A simple formula is derived for the frequency of the oscillations. Further, we have analytically determined critical points on the marginal stability boundary above which an increase of either viscosity or diffusivity is destabilizing. Finally, we show that if the fluid has zero viscosity the system is always unstable, in contradiction to Chandrasekhar's conclusion.
Active exploratory q-learning for large problems

Although reinforcement learning (RL) emerged more than a decade ago, it is still under extensive investigation in application to large problems, where the states and actions are multi-dimensional and continuous and result in the so- called curse of dimensionality. Conventional RL methods are still not efficient enough in huge state-action spaces, while value-function generalization-based approaches require a very large number of good training examples. This paper presents an active exploratory approach to address the challenge of RL in large problems. The core principle of this approach is that the agent does not rush to the next state. Instead, it attempts a number of actions at the current state first, and then selects the action that returns the greatest immediate reward. The state resulting from performing the action is considered as the next state. Four active exploration algorithms for good actions are proposed: random-based search, opposition-based random search, search by cyclical adjustment, and opposition-based cyclical adjustment of each action dimension. The efficiency of these algorithms is determined by a visual-servoing experiment with a 6-axis robot.
A Spanish Language Version Of the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile

The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) is described. The 48-item instrument was translated into Spanish and found to be culturally relevant and reliable in a pilot study. The Spanish version was then administered to a diverse but predominantly Mexican-American group of 485 Hispanics residing in metropolitan and surrounding rural areas. In a principal components factor analysis, all but one item loaded significantly on six factors similar to those isolated previously during psychometric assessment of the English language version. Those six dimensions comprise the HPLP subscales of self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management. The six factors explained 45.9% of the variance in the measure. Second-order factor analysis yielded a single factor, interpreted as health-promoting lifestyle. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was . 93 and 2-week test-retest reliability was . 86; alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from . 70 to . 87.
Does Physical Activity Change After Progressive Resistance Exercise in Functionally Limited Older Adults?

To the Editor: Maintaining a physically active lifestyle is important throughout the lifespan and is especially vital in late life. Physical activity declines with age, with older adults taking fewer steps per day and spending less time in moderate to vigorous physical activity than middle-aged adults. A potential reason for this decline is the onset of functional limitation, such as difficulty walking or climbing stairs. Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is commonly used to address impairments in muscular strength and improve physical function in older adults, but it is not known whether improvements in physical function coincide with an increase in physical activity after an intervention of PRE. Changes in physical activity and physical function before and after a 6-month PRE program in older adults with functional limitation were compared.
Members of the 30- to 32-Kilodalton Mycolyl Transferase Family (Ag85) from Culture Filtrate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Are Immunodominant Th1-Type Antigens Recognized Early upon Infection in Mice and Cattle

ABSTRACT The characterization of protective antigens is essential for the development of an effective, subunit-based vaccine against paratuberculosis. Surface-exposed and secreted antigens, present abundantly in mycobacterial culture filtrate (CF), are among the well-known protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Culture filtrate, prepared from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 grown as a surface pellicle on synthetic Sauton medium, was strongly and early recognized in experimentally infected B6 bg/bg beige mice and cattle, as indicated by elevated spleen cell gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion and lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. Strong proliferative and ex vivo IFN-γ responses against antigen 85 (Ag85) complex (a major protein component from M. bovis BCG culture filtrate) could be detected in cattle as early as 10 weeks after oral M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Synthetic peptides from the Ag85A and Ag85B components of this complex were strongly recognized, whereas T-cell responses were weaker against peptides from the Ag85C protein. A promiscuous T-cell epitope spanning amino acids 145 to 162 of Ag85B (identical sequence in M. bovis and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) was identified in experimentally infected cattle. Finally, young calves, born from cows with confirmed paratuberculosis, demonstrated proliferative responses to purified, recombinant Ag85A and Ag85B from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These results indicate that the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis Ag85 homologues are immunodominant T-cell antigens that are recognized early in experimental and natural infection of cattle.
Contact Effects in Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors

Control of the source-drain contact properties in amorphous InGaZnO semiconductor active layer is relevant since a high series resistance in the source-drain contacts causes degradation of electrical performance, particularly affecting short channel devices. We developed a method to extract the current-voltage characteristics of the injection contact, assuming that contact effects are negligible in long channel devices and by introducing a modified gradual channel approximation (quasi-two-dimensional model), to take into account for short channel effects. The present method allows to extract the parasitic resistance by using devices with only two different channel lengths. Assuming a transmission line scheme for the contact resistance and SCLC transport for the current density flowing along the vertical direction though the IGZO bulk, we have been able to evaluate the variation with Vds of contact resistance at source and drain electrodes.