Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Achieving Fair and Throughput-Optimal Scheduling for TCP Flows in Wireless Networks

Throughput-optimal scheduling has been heavily investigated given its ability to fully utilize network resources and maintain network stability. Most of the existing throughput-optimal algorithms, including the classic queue-length based MaxWeight algorithm and flow-delay-based MaxWeight algorithm, however, may bring a severe unfairness problem when scheduling transmission control protocol (TCP) controlled flows. As TCP is the dominant transport layer protocol in the Internet and it controls the majority of Internet traffic, we study how to design the scheduling algorithm that can ensure both throughput optimality and be compatible to TCP flows. In this paper, we analyze the reason behind the incompatibility between the existing scheduling algorithms and TCP, and then investigate the properties of the head-of-line access delay-based scheduling algorithm (HOLD) we proposed. We prove that the proposed HOLD can fairly schedule TCP flows in wireless networks with time-varying channel conditions and achieve throughput optimality with flow-level dynamics. Simulations using OMNeT++ 4 have been conducted to validate our analytical results, and compare the performance of different scheduling algorithms comprehensively.
Structure of Gel-Derived and Quenched Glasses in the Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 System

Amorphous materials in the system Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 are of interest in various areas of materials science, such as alkali resistant glasses, chemically stable refractories, glass ceramics or zirconia toughened ceramics. In the present research the glass formation in the SiO2-rich region of the ternary oxide system Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 is analyzed. Gels have been synthesized by the solgel method in acid media and then treated up to 1650 o C. The presence of Zr and Al ions into the silica network are investigated by means of UV-Raman spectroscopy. The crystallization of gels and the crystalline phases formed at different thermal treatment temperatures as well as phases evolution with the temperature were studied.
Interdigital cantilever as a biological sensor

Demonstrated the detection of alkanethiol in solution with a cantilever sensor based on optical interferometry. The detection method shows several improvements over the optical lever technique. The detection is differential, reducing unwanted signals from the environment. In addition, the detection is compatible with parallel operation of many cantilevers. Due to the ease with which thiols can be functionalized by attaching biological molecules, this experiment opens up the possibility of using these cantilevers as biosensors capable of detecting signals produced by DNA hybridization and protein binding.
THE LAYERS IN R ESIDUAL N ETWORKS

We propose a Warped Residual Network (WarpNet) using a parallelizable warp operator for forward and backward propagation to distant layers that trains faster than the original residual neural network. We apply a perturbation theory on residual networks and decouple the interactions between residual units. The resulting warp operator is a first order approximation of the output over multiple layers. The first order perturbation theory exhibits properties such as binomial path lengths and exponential gradient scaling found experimentally by Veit et al. (2016). We demonstrate through an extensive performance study that the proposed network achieves comparable predictive performance to the original residual network with the same number of parameters, while achieving a significant speed-up on the total training time. As WarpNet performs model parallelism in residual network training in which weights are distributed over different GPUs, it offers speed-up and capability to train larger networks compared to original residual networks.
Implementing Distributed Lamda-Calculus Interpreter

This paper describes how one can implement distributed λ-calculus interpreter from scratch. At first, we describe how to implement a monadic parser, than the Krivine Machine is introduced for the interpretation part and as for distribution, the actor model is used. In this work we are not providing general solution for parallelism, but we consider particular patterns, which always can be parallelized. As a result, the basic extensible implementation of call-by-name distributed machine is introduced and prototype is presented. We achieved computation speed improvement in some cases, but efficient distributed version is not achieved, problems are discussed in evaluation section. This work provides a foundation for further research, completing the implementation it is possible to add concurrency for non-determinism, improve the interpreter using call-by-need semantic or study optimal auto parallelization to generalize what could be done efficiently in parallel.
MAGNETIC WREATHS AND CYCLES IN CONVECTIVE DYNAMOS

Solar-type stars exhibit a rich variety of magnetic activity. Seeking to explore the convective origins of this activity, we have carried out a series of global three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the anelastic spherical harmonic code. Here we report on the dynamo mechanisms achieved as the effects of artificial diffusion are systematically decreased. The simulations are carried out at a nominal rotation rate of three times the solar value (3 Ω☉), but similar dynamics may also apply to the Sun. Our previous simulations demonstrated that convective dynamos can build persistent toroidal flux structures (magnetic wreaths) in the midst of a turbulent convection zone and that high rotation rates promote the cyclic reversal of these wreaths. Here we demonstrate that magnetic cycles can also be achieved by reducing the diffusion, thus increasing the Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers. In these more turbulent models, diffusive processes no longer play a significant role in the key dynamical balances that establish and maintain the differential rotation and magnetic wreaths. Magnetic reversals are attributed to an imbalance in the poloidal magnetic induction by convective motions that is stabilized at higher diffusion levels. Additionally, the enhanced levels of turbulence lead to greater intermittency in the toroidal magnetic wreaths, promoting the generation of buoyant magnetic loops that rise from the deep interior to the upper regions of our simulated domain. The implications of such turbulence-induced magnetic buoyancy for solar and stellar flux emergence are also discussed.
Loss of Action via Neurotensin-Leptin Receptor Neurons Disrupts Leptin and Ghrelin-Mediated Control of Energy Balance

The hormones ghrelin and leptin act via the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to modify energy balance, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated how leptin and ghrelin engage LHA neurons to modify energy balance behaviors and whether there is any crosstalk between leptin and ghrelin-responsive circuits. We demonstrate that ghrelin activates LHA neurons expressing hypocretin/orexin (OX) to increase food intake. Leptin mediates anorectic actions via separate neurons expressing the long form of the leptin receptor (LepRb), many of which coexpress the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts); we refer to these as NtsLepRb neurons. Because NtsLepRb neurons inhibit OX neurons, we hypothesized that disruption of the NtsLepRb neuronal circuit would impair both NtsLepRb and OX neurons from responding to their respective hormonal cues, thus compromising adaptive energy balance. Indeed, mice with developmental deletion of LepRb specifically from NtsLepRb neurons exhibit blunted adaptive responses to leptin and ghrelin that discoordinate the mesolimbic dopamine system and ingestive and locomotor behaviors, leading to weight gain. Collectively, these data reveal a crucial role for LepRb in the proper formation of LHA circuits, and that NtsLepRb neurons are important neuronal hubs within the LHA for hormone-mediated control of ingestive and locomotor behaviors.
Automated brain computed tomographic densitometry of early ischemic changes in acute stroke

Abstract. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) scoring method is frequently used for quantifying early ischemic changes (EICs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke in clinical studies. Varying interobserver agreement has been reported, however, with limited agreement. Therefore, our goal was to develop and evaluate an automated brain densitometric method. It divides CT scans of the brain into ASPECTS regions using atlas-based segmentation. EICs are quantified by comparing the brain density between contralateral sides. This method was optimized and validated using CT data from 10 and 63 patients, respectively. The automated method was validated against manual ASPECTS, stroke severity at baseline and clinical outcome after 7 to 10 days (NIH Stroke Scale, NIHSS) and 3 months (modified Rankin Scale). Manual and automated ASPECTS showed similar and statistically significant correlations with baseline NIHSS (R=−0.399 and −0.277, respectively) and with follow-up mRS (R=−0.256 and −0.272), except for the follow-up NIHSS. Agreement between automated and consensus ASPECTS reading was similar to the interobserver agreement of manual ASPECTS (differences <1 point in 73% of cases). The automated ASPECTS method could, therefore, be used as a supplementary tool to assist manual scoring.
SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12: galaxy target selection and large-scale structure catalogues

The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III project, has provided the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date, in terms of both the number of galaxy redshifts measured by a single survey, and the effective cosmological volume covered. Key to analysing the clustering of these data to provide cosmological measurements is understanding the detailed properties of this sample. Potential issues include variations in the target catalogue caused by changes either in the targeting algorithm or properties of the data used, the pattern of spectroscopic observations, the spatial distribution of targets for which redshifts were not obtained, and variations in the target sky density due to observational systematics. We document here the target selection algorithms used to create the galaxy samples that comprise BOSS. We also present the algorithms used to create large-scale structure catalogues for the final Data Release (DR12) samples and the associated random catalogues that quantify the survey mask. The algorithms are an evolution of those used by the BOSS team to construct catalogues from earlier data, and have been designed to accurately quantify the galaxy sample. The code used, designated MKSAMPLE, is released with this paper.
Rejuvenation of Meiotic Cohesion in Oocytes during Prophase I Is Required for Chiasma Maintenance and Accurate Chromosome Segregation

Chromosome segregation errors in human oocytes are the leading cause of birth defects, and the risk of aneuploid pregnancy increases dramatically as women age. Accurate segregation demands that sister chromatid cohesion remain intact for decades in human oocytes, and gradual loss of the original cohesive linkages established in fetal oocytes is proposed to be a major cause of age-dependent segregation errors. Here we demonstrate that maintenance of meiotic cohesion in Drosophila oocytes during prophase I requires an active rejuvenation program, and provide mechanistic insight into the molecular events that underlie rejuvenation. Gal4/UAS inducible knockdown of the cohesion establishment factor Eco after meiotic S phase, but before oocyte maturation, causes premature loss of meiotic cohesion, resulting in destabilization of chiasmata and subsequent missegregation of recombinant homologs. Reduction of individual cohesin subunits or the cohesin loader Nipped B during prophase I leads to similar defects. These data indicate that loading of newly synthesized replacement cohesin rings by Nipped B and establishment of new cohesive linkages by the acetyltransferase Eco must occur during prophase I to maintain cohesion in oocytes. Moreover, we show that rejuvenation of meiotic cohesion does not depend on the programmed induction of meiotic double strand breaks that occurs during early prophase I, and is therefore mechanistically distinct from the DNA damage cohesion re-establishment pathway identified in G2 vegetative yeast cells. Our work provides the first evidence that new cohesive linkages are established in Drosophila oocytes after meiotic S phase, and that these are required for accurate chromosome segregation. If such a pathway also operates in human oocytes, meiotic cohesion defects may become pronounced in a woman's thirties, not because the original cohesive linkages finally give out, but because the rejuvenation program can no longer supply new cohesive linkages at the same rate at which they are lost.
Kronecker Recurrent Units

Our work addresses two important issues with recurrent neural networks: (1) they are over-parameterized, and (2) the recurrence matrix is ill-conditioned. The former increases the sample complexity of learning and the training time. The latter causes the vanishing and exploding gradient problem. We present a flexible recurrent neural network model called Kronecker Recurrent Units (KRU). KRU achieves parameter efficiency in RNNs through a Kronecker factored recurrent matrix. It overcomes the ill-conditioning of the recurrent matrix by enforcing soft unitary constraints on the factors. Thanks to the small dimensionality of the factors, maintaining these constraints is computationally efficient. Our experimental results on seven standard data-sets reveal that KRU can reduce the number of parameters by three orders of magnitude in the recurrent weight matrix compared to the existing recurrent models, without trading the statistical performance. These results in particular show that while there are advantages in having a high dimensional recurrent space, the capacity of the recurrent part of the model can be dramatically reduced.
The present and future of additive manufacturing in the aerospace sector: A review of important aspects

This paper reviews recent improvements in additive manufacturing technologies, focusing on those which have the potential to produce and repair metal parts for the aerospace industry. Electron beam melting, selective laser melting and other metal deposition processes, such as wire and arc additive manufacturing, are presently regarded as the best candidates to achieve this challenge. For this purpose, it is crucial that these technologies are well characterised and modelled to predict the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties of the part. This paper presents the state of the art in additive manufacturing and material modelling. While these processes present many advantages to the aerospace industry in comparison with traditional manufacturing processes, airworthiness and air transport safety must be guaranteed. The impact of this regulatory framework on the implementation of additive manufacturing for repair and production of parts for the aerospace industry is presented.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Optical Translucency, Opalescence, and Contrast of Leucite Ceramic for CAD-CAM Restoration as a Role of Ceramic Thickness

The esthetic success of CAD-CAM ceramic restorations depends on good color determination of ceramic restoration that directly related to their optical properties. This study determines the effect of CAD-CAM ceramic thickness on their optical parameters (translucency, opalescence, and contrast). Ceramic discs (O 8 mm) at thickness of 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm were prepared from Empress CAD ® ceramic blocks shade A1, A2, A3, and A3.5 (15 discs for each group) and polished with 1 μ m diamond abrasive in Ecomet ® 3. The CIE L*, a*, b*, and Δ E parameters of discs were determined upon black and white backings using a spectrophotometer (ColorQuest ® XE) with D65 illuminant and 10 degree observer. The translucency parameter (TP), opalescence index (OI), and contrast ratio(C) were calculated and analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. The results revealed that changing in ceramic thickness affected to the optical parameter of ceramic tested in each shade (P < 0.05). As the ceramic thickness increased, a significant reduction in TP, OI and C values (P < 0.05) with extremely high correlation coefficients with TP as well as high correlation coefficient with OI and C. ความสำเรจของการบรณะฟนดวยวสดเซรามกสชนดแคทแคมขนอยกบการเลอกสของวสดเซรามกสเปนสำคญ อนมความสมพนธโดยตรงกบคณสมบตของวสดทเกยวของกบแสง การศกษานเพอประเมนปจจยขอความหนาของเซรามกสทใชในการบรณะตอความโปรงแสง ความขนใส และความคมเขม โดยทำการเตรยมชนเซรามกสยหอเอมเพรสแคดส A1, A2, A3 และ A3.5 ใหมเสนผาศนยกลาง 8 ม. ม. และมความหนา 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.8 และ 2.0 ม. ม. แลวทำการขดดวยผงขดความละเอยด 1 ไมครอนดวยเครอง Ecomet 3 แลวทำการวดคาของสไดแก CIE L*, a*, b* และ Δ E ดวยฉากหลงสขาวและสดำ โดยใชเครองสเปคโตรโฟโตมเตอร ทกำหนดคาความสวางท D65 และมมของการสงเกตท 10 องศา แลวทำการคำนวณคา ความโปรงแสง ความขนใส และความคมเขม รวมทงทำการวเคราะหความแปรปรวนและการวเคราะหความถดถอย ผลการศกษาพบวาการเปลยนแปลงความหนาของเซรามกสสงผลตอคณสมบตเชงแสงของเซรามกอยางมนยสำคญ (P < 0.05) โดยความหนาของเซรามกสทเพมขนจะสมพนธกนอยางยงกบคาความโปรงแสง และในทำนองเดยวกนจะสมพนธกบความขนใสและความคมเขมของเรามกทลดลง
A Marine Information System for Environmental Monitoring: ARGO-MIS

Sea shipping routes have become very crowded and this, coupled with an always increasing demand of oil based products, contributes to the increase in maritime traffic density, as a consequence pollution risks have increased. Therefore, it is important to have information systems capable of detecting and monitoring environmental endangering situations like oil spills at sea. In this paper, a Marine Information System, acting as an integrated and inter-operable monitoring tool is proposed and discussed. The discussion focuses on a system that is able to integrate different data acquired from various electronic sensors, and that is inter-operable among marine operators and ship traffic authorities. The available data on the system are all geo-referenced, and flows seamlessly through the system, where they are integrated in a consistent and usable manner. An important result of this integration is the capability to produce a collection of proactive services such as Decision Support ones, which can be used to improve the functionalities and facilities concerned in an intervention operation. Through the implementation of these services, we aim to demonstrate how an efficient environmental management system could benefit from being supported by a Marine Information System that can provide the dynamic links between different data, models and actors.
Triterpenoids manipulate a broad range of virus-host fusion via wrapping the HR2 domain prevalent in viral envelopes

Natural triterpenoids, as virus-host fusion inhibitors, exhibit potential in expanding the current repertoire of antiviral agents. A trimer-of-hairpins motif has been identified in triggering virus-cell fusion within a variety of viral envelopes. Chemically manipulating such a motif represents current repertoire of viral fusion inhibitors. Here, we report that triterpenoids, a class of natural products, antagonize this trimer-of-hairpins via its constitutive heptad repeat-2 (HR2), a prevalent α-helical coil in class I viral fusion proteins. Triterpenoids inhibit the entry of Ebola, Marburg, HIV, and influenza A viruses with distinct structure-activity relationships. Specifically, triterpenoid probes capture the viral envelope via photocrosslinking HR2. Profiling the Ebola HR2-triterpenoid interactions using amino acid substitution, surface plasmon resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed six residues accessible to triterpenoids, leading to wrapping of the hydrophobic helix and blocking of the HR1-HR2 interaction critical in the trimer-of-hairpins formation. This finding was also observed in the envelopes of HIV and influenza A viruses and might potentially extend to a broader variety of viruses, providing a mechanistic insight into triterpenoid-mediated modulation of viral fusion.
Road curb detection based on different elevation mapping techniques

A road curb detection algorithm for a 3D sensor, e.g. a dense stereo camera, is presented in this paper. The road curb detection is based on a digital elevation map. Different techniques and coordinate systems for mapping the height values are compared theoretically and by simulating a different quality of ego motion data. Furthermore we introduce a new approach of finding road curbs in an elevation map, which is based on a calculation of the most probable path. Using an elevation map the curb height can be calculated in an additional step. For evaluation we use highly accurate reference sensors and compare the detected curbs to a ground truth. Additionally we introduce a novel criteria to describe the quality of an elevation map and discuss the results. The road detection algorithm works in real-time and has a position accuracy of about 10 cm and an height error of about 1.5 cm.
Structural Health Monitoring and Time-Dependent Effects Analysis of Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge with Extra-Wide Concrete Girder

The present work is aimed at studying the structural health status of Hunan Road Bridge, which is currently the widest concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China. The monitoring data included the structural deformations, internal forces, and vibration characteristics from April 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed to evaluate the structural changes and safety. The influences brought by the ambient temperature changes and the dual effects composed of concrete shrinkage & creep (S&C) and seasonal temperature changes were analyzed based on the measured data. The long-time effects of concrete S&C were predicted using the CEB-FIP 90 model and the age-adjusted effective modulus method based on the ANSYS beam finite element model. The measured data showed that the transverse displacements of towers were more significant than the longitudinal ones. The spatial effect of the extra-wide girder is significant, which performs as the longitudinal stresses change unevenly along the transverse direction. The seasonal ambient warming caused overall increases in girder compressive stresses, and the cooling resulted in decreases along with significant temperature gradient effects. The prediction results show that the cable anchoring positions at girder ends and tower tops will move towards the mid-span affected by concrete S&C. In terms of the middle region of mid-span girder, significant increases in longitudinal stresses of top plate and decreases in the ones of bottom plate will be caused by the significant deflection. Comprehensively, the increases in the girder compressive stresses of side-span bottom plate and mid-span top plate are worthy of attention when confronted with extreme high temperature during the bridge service life cycle.
Physical Fitness in Law Enforcement Follow the Yellow Brick Road

Contributors' opinions and statements should not be considered an endorsement by the FBI for any policy, program, or service. The attorney general has determined that the publication of this periodical is necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the director of the Office of Management and Budget. Physical fitness can help law enforcement officers in their daily duties and provide a sense of personal accomplishment. Public safety employees without enforcement powers can face dangers similar to those encountered by sworn law enforcement officers. The constitutional constraints on the use of force by law enforcement require reasonableness.