Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive neural dynamic surface control for flexible joint manipulator with prescribed performance

This paper focuses on adaptive neural control for a class of flexible joint manipulator with unknown dynamics under the output tracking error constraint. To facilitate the design of control law, the constrained tracking error is transformed into unconstrained variable by introducing a performance function, the unknown dynamics of manipulator are accurately approximated by radial basis function(RBF) neural network(NN). Then, a novel adaptive neural control scheme is proposed using the derivative of the filter's output as the input of NN instead of traditional intermediate variables. Due to structure features of the considered flexible joint manipulator, the proposed control scheme not only decreases the dimension of NN inputs, but also reduces the number of NN approximators. Moreover, it can be verified that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded and the constrained tracking error converges to a small neighborhood around zero with the prescribed performance. Simulation results on a single-link flexible joint manipulator are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Gfi‐1 attaches to the nuclear matrix, associates with ETO (MTG8) and histone deacetylase proteins, and represses transcription using a TSA‐sensitive mechanism

Gfi‐1 and Gfi‐1B can repress transcription and play important roles in hematopoietic cell survival and differentiation. Although these proteins are known to bind DNA through a C‐terminal zinc‐finger domain and may require an N‐terminal SNAG domain (SNAIL/Gfi‐1) to repress transcription, the mechanism by which Gfi‐1 and Gfi‐1B act is unknown. A first step towards understanding the mechanism by which these proteins repress transcription is to identify interacting proteins that could contribute to transcriptional repression. ETO (also termed MTG8), was first identified through its involvement in the (8;21) translocation associated with acute myelogenous leukemia. It attaches to the nuclear matrix and associates with histone deacetylases and the co‐repressors N‐CoR, SMRT, and mSin3A, and may act as a co‐repressor for site‐specific transcriptions factors. In this report we demonstrate that Gfi‐1 interacts with ETO and related proteins both in vitro and in vivo and with histone deacetylase proteins in vivo. We observed that a portion of Gfi‐1 and Gfi‐1B associated with the nuclear matrix, as is the case with ETO. Moreover, Gfi‐1 and ETO co‐localize to punctate subnuclear structures. When co‐expressed in mammalian cells, Gfi‐1 associates with histone deacetylse‐1 (HDAC‐1), HDAC‐2, and HDAC‐3. These data identify ETO as a partner for Gfi‐1 and Gfi‐1B, and suggest that Gfi‐1 proteins repress transcription through recruitment of histone deacetylase‐containing complexes. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 1005–1018, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of fundamental-constant based definitions for the kilogram and the ampere

We have determined the influence of alternative definitions for the kilogram and the ampere on the uncertainty of h, e and mu. This has been achieved with a least-squares adjustment of a limited set of observational equations. We have evaluated the residual errors (and their uncertainties) from this adjustment, and used these to determine expansion factors to achieve results that are self-consistent. This enables us, inter alia, to evaluate the extent to which the experimentally-determined values of the "electrical" constants are sufficiently self-consistent to be used as the motivation for any proposed redefinition.
argC Orthologs from Rhizobiales Show Diverse Profiles of Transcriptional Efficiency and Functionality in Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT Several factors can influence ortholog replacement between closely related species. We evaluated the transcriptional expression and metabolic performance of ortholog substitution complementing a Sinorhizobium meliloti argC mutant with argC from Rhizobiales (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhizobium etli, and Mesorhizobium loti). The argC gene is necessary for the synthesis of arginine, an amino acid that is central to protein and cellular metabolism. Strains were obtained carrying plasmids with argC orthologs expressed under the speB and argC (S. meliloti) and lac (Escherichia coli) promoters. Complementation analysis was assessed by growth, transcriptional activity, enzymatic activity, mRNA levels, specific detection of ArgC proteomic protein, and translational efficiency. The argC orthologs performed differently in each complementation, reflecting the diverse factors influencing gene expression and the ability of the ortholog product to function in a foreign metabolic background. Optimal complementation was directly related to sequence similarity with S. meliloti, and was inversely related to species signature, with M. loti argC showing the poorest performance, followed by R. etli and A. tumefaciens. Different copy numbers of genes and amounts of mRNA and protein were produced, even with genes transcribed from the same promoter, indicating that coding sequences play a role in the transcription and translation processes. These results provide relevant information for further genomic analyses and suggest that orthologous gene substitutions between closely related species are not completely functionally equivalent.
Structure of the micronemal protein 2 A/I domain from Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic pathogen capable of causing serious disease in humans and animals. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii relies on the orchestrated secretion of proteins from its apical complex organelles including the multimodular, transmembrane micronemal protein 2 (MIC2) that couples recognition of the host cell with cytoskeletal reorganization of the parasite to drive invasion. To probe the basis by which the von Willebrand Factor A (vWA)–Integrin like module of TgMIC2 engages the host cell, we solved the crystal structure of a truncated form of TgMIC2A/I (TgMIC2A/Ic) phased by iodide SIRAS and refined to a resolution of 2.05 Å. The TgMIC2A/Ic core is organized into a central twisted beta sheet flanked by α‐helices consistent with a canonical vWA fold. A restricted basic patch serves as the putative heparin binding site, but no heparin binding was detected in native gel shift assays. Furthermore, no metal was observed in the metal ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Structural overlays with homologous A/I domains reveal a divergent organization of the MIDAS β4–α4 loop in TgMIC2A/Ic, which is stabilized through the burial of Phe195 into a deep pocket formed by Gly185. Intriguingly, Gly185 appears to be unique among A/I domains to TgMIC2A/I suggesting that the divergent loop conformation may also be unique to TgMIC2A/I. Although lacking the C‐terminal extension, the TgMIC2A/Ic structure reported here is the first of an A/I domain from an apicomplexan parasite and provides valuable insight into defining the molecular recognition of host cells by these widespread pathogens.
Percutaneous adipose tissue biopsy by mini-liposuction for metabolic studies.

BACKGROUND Large fat-biopsy samples are necessary for extensive simultaneous assays. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is generally obtained either by needle-biopsy aspiration (approximately 1 g) or by open surgical biopsy for larger samples. We propose a reliable technique that permits the removal of large adipose tissue samples percutaneously. METHODS A vertical 5-mm slit was made in the abdominal skin of 15 obese patients, and a liposuction mini-cannula (10 cm x 3 mm) attached to a 20-mL sterile plastic syringe was inserted. A vacuum was created by withdrawing the syringe plunger and fixing it with a specially adapted clamp. RESULTS We obtained 3- to 15-g samples of adipose tissue without conspicuous scarring or visible contour changes. A significant correlation between the body mass index and the amount of adipose tissue was observed (r = .50, p < .05). Isolated adipocytes remained highly viable, as evidenced by glucose transport under both basal and maximal insulin-stimulated conditions. The mini-liposuction procedure was fast, and once the mini-cannula was removed from the wound, patients could immediately move about freely. CONCLUSION The new technique described here for fat biopsy using a mini-cannula is less traumatic than open surgical biopsy, and it permits the removal of larger adipose tissue samples than do the usual biopsy techniques. Furthermore, adipose cells are removed intact, and the simplicity of the method facilitates repeat biopsies.
Purification and characterization of acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase from spinach chloroplasts.

Acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase was purified over 400-fold to a specific activity of 62 nkat.mg-1, with 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate as substrate, from the stroma of spinach leaf chloroplasts. The enzyme was not intrinsically membrane bound. The native enzyme was a tetramer with a subunit Mr of 59,000. The activity was optimum between pH 7.5 and 8.5. The apparent Km for 2-acetolactate was 25 microM and for 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate was 37 microM. The enzyme required Mg2+ and the Vmax. was attained at physiological Mg2+ concentrations. NADP+ competitively inhibited the reaction when NADPH was the varied substrate. The native enzyme eluted from Mono-Q ion-exchange resins as three distinct peaks of activity. This elution pattern was preserved when the peaks were combined, dialysed and re-chromatographed. Each form exhibited identical Mr of 59,000 after SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), whereas they were easily distinguishable from each other after PAGE under non-denaturing conditions. These results provide evidence for the existence of multiple forms of acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase in chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves.
Dynamic Activation of Reach-Back Resources for Future Force Brigade Combat Teams (BCT)

This paper describes a new iterative approach to optimizing scarce communication resources that achieve reliable connectivity with high throughput and performance. The procedure consists of iteration between two steps. A set of platforms are generated from a scenario that contains predefined waveform capabilities and programmatically generated gateways and regions. With this input, a set of nodes are activated. The resulting network is evaluated on the quality of its arrangement. Using a Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, connectivity is found for all platform pairs. The costs assigned to the individual links and end-to-end routes serve as weights in the performance functions. The network connectivity performance cost function evaluates the costs of all complete and incomplete routes in the network, determining how well connected the platforms are. The network traffic performance cost function calculates the resulting traffic load placed on each waveform. These derived values will dictate if any changes are needed in the network. Succeeding iterations activate the nodes, with knowledge of the previous activations. Aware of the needed improvement, the program selects nodes that will lessen the mean number of hops and reduce the congestion in whichever waveform is over burdened. This process continues until a low enough cost is generated, resulting in an optimized network.
Deep Belief Networks Ensemble with Multi-objective Optimization for Failure Diagnosis

Early diagnosis that can detect faults from some symptoms accurately is critical, because it provides the potential benefits such as reducing maintenance costs, improving productivity and avoiding serious damages. Degradation pattern classification for early diagnosis has not been explored in many researches yet. This paper will use hybrid ensemble model for degradation pattern classification. Supervised training of deep models (e.g. Many-layered Neural Nets) is difficult for optimization problem with unlabeled datasets or insufficient data sample. Shallow models (SVMs, Neural Networks, etc.) are unlikely candidates for learning high-level abstractions, since they are affected by the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, deep learning network (DBN), an unsupervised learning model, in diagnosis problem has been investigated to do classification. Few researches have been done for exploring the effects of DBN in diagnosis. In this paper, an ensemble of DBNs with MOEA/D has been applied for diagnosis to handle failure degradation with multivariate sensory data. Turbofan engine degradation dataset is employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model. We believe that deep learning with multi-objective ensemble for degradation pattern classification can shed new light on failure diagnosis, and our work presented the applicability of this method to diagnosis as well as prognostics.
Cadherin‐8 expression, synaptic localization, and molecular control of neuronal form in prefrontal corticostriatal circuits

Neocortical interactions with the dorsal striatum support many motor and executive functions, and such underlying functional networks are particularly vulnerable to a variety of developmental, neurological, and psychiatric brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Relatively little is known about the development of functional corticostriatal interactions, and in particular, virtually nothing is known of the molecular mechanisms that control generation of prefrontal cortex–striatal circuits. Here, we used regional and cellular in situ hybridization techniques coupled with neuronal tract tracing to show that Cadherin‐8 (Cdh8), a homophilic adhesion protein encoded by a gene associated with autism spectrum disorders and learning disability susceptibility, is enriched within striatal projection neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and in striatal medium spiny neurons forming the direct or indirect pathways. Developmental analysis of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot data show that Cdh8 expression peaks in the prefrontal cortex and striatum at P10, when cortical projections start to form synapses in the striatum. High‐resolution immunoelectron microscopy shows that Cdh8 is concentrated at excitatory synapses in the dorsal striatum, and Cdh8 knockdown in cortical neurons impairs dendritic arborization and dendrite self‐avoidance. Taken together, our findings indicate that Cdh8 delineates developing corticostriatal circuits where it is a strong candidate for regulating the generation of normal cortical projections, neuronal morphology, and corticostriatal synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:75–92, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SYNTHESIS OF EVIDENCE FOR REIMBURSEMENT DECISIONS: A BAYESIAN REANALYSIS

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare Bayesian methods with the standard methods that are used for evidence-based policy making. Methods: We performed a Bayesian reanalysis of the data underlying a reimbursement advice by the Dutch National Health Insurance Board (CVZ) regarding the anti-diabetic drug exenatide (an alternative to insulin). We synthesized evidence from various sources that was available when the CVZ advice was drafted: expert opinion (as elicited from internists), experimental data (from direct comparison studies), and observational data. Subsequently, the original frequentist results and the results from the Bayesian reanalysis were compared in terms of outcomes and interpretations. These results were presented in a meeting with staff from CVZ, whose opinions about the usefulness of a Bayesian approach were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: The Bayesian approach yields outcomes that summarize different pieces of evidence, which would have been difficult to obtain otherwise. Moreover, there are conceptual differences, and the Bayesian approach allows for determining probabilities of clinically relevant differences. The staff at CVZ were fairly positive with respect to the use of Bayesian methods, although practical barriers were also seen as important. Conclusions: The Bayesian outcomes are different and could be more suited to the informational needs of policy makers. The response from staff at CVZ provides some support for this statement, but more research at the interface of science and policy is needed.
Modulation and Code Mapping Scheme for High Rate Transmission for IEEE 802.15.4b in AWGN Channels

IEEE 802.15. 4b is an enhanced standard to the IEEE 802.15. 4, addressing the needs for high-data rate transmission using 868 or 915MHz band in the wireless personal area networks. This paper details a modulation and code mapping scheme designed specifically for the standard's high rate transmission schemes operating in the 868MHz and 915MHz bands; which leads to efficient transmission and low implementation complexity. The code mapping scheme is called Quadrature Cyclic Odd Bit Inversion length 16 or Quad COBI-16. Among the scheme's desirable properties is that the total phase rotation in the I/Q plane accumulates to 0 degree over the complete symbol. The scheme is tested in both AWGN and Rayleigh frequency selective fading channels. The results show that it conforms to all the stringent requirements defined by the standard.
AlexNet based Real-Time Detection and Segregation of Household Objects using Scorbot

In this paper, the pick and place task of household objects is accomplished using Scorbot-ER 5 Plus robotic arm. A monocular camera is utilized to detect the image of the objects. AlexNet based deep learning technique is devoted to determine the class of the objects before grasping process. Thereafter, the grasping and segregation processes are executed based on the inverse kinematic solutions between predefined pick and place locations. These solutions are derived from the transformation matrix of the end effector with respect to the inertial frame, analytically. It has been observed from the experimental analysis that AlexNet based technique presents promising results with good accuracy in the detection and the classification of the grasped objects.
Latent defense response to non-pathogenic microbial factors impairs plant-rhizobacteria mutualism

Unlike pathogens that trigger plant defense responses, commensal or beneficial microbes are compatible with plants and do not elicit a defense response. An assumption underlying the compatibility is that plants are inert in mounting a defense response to non-pathogenic microbial factors. However, the mechanisms underlying this inertness in defense are unknown. Here a forward genetic screen led to the isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant displaying a new type of immunity which we named as latent defense response (LDR) to a beneficial rhizobacterium. The mutant, known as gp1 for Growth-Promotion 1, is impaired in rhizobacteria-induced plant growth-promotion due to disrupted oleic acid homeostasis and consequent activation of defense responses. Several bacterial volatile compounds trigger LDR in gp1 but not wild type plants. GP1 dysfunction strongly represses colonization of the beneficial rhizobacterium and alters root-associated microbiota. Our findings reveal a hidden layer of plant defense, LDR, which is suppressed by GP1 to allow mutualistic association between plants and beneficial rhizobacteria. One Sentence Summary A hidden layer of host immunity against non-pathogenic microbes leads to plant incompatibility with beneficial rhizobacteria.
Redundancy of the conserved His residue in Azotobacter vinelandii NifL, a histidine autokinase homologue which regulates transcription of nitrogen fixation genes

The NifL protein of Azotobacter vinelandii inhibits NifA, the activator of nif (nitrogen fixation) transcription, in response to oxygen and fixed nitrogen. NifL shows strong homology in its C‐terminal domain to the histidine autokinase domains of the canonical two‐component sensor proteins, including the region around His‐304, which corresponds to the residue known to be phosphorylated in other systems. To examine the mechanism of sensory transduction by NifL, mutations encoding 10 substitutions for His‐304 were introduced into the A. vinelandii chromosome. Regulation of nif transcription was measured using acetylene reduction and RNA blots. The substitutions His‐304 → Arg and His‐304 → Pro impaired regulation by both fixed nitrogen and oxygen, but substitution of Ala, Phe, Ile, Lys, Asn, Ser, Thr, Val had no effect. None of the mutants, including His‐304 → Arg and His‐304 → Pro, excreted ammonium during diazotrophy, a phenotype of nifL deletion mutants, suggesting that the molecular basis of this effect differs from that responsible for the inhibition of nif transcription. The data show conclusively that phosphorylation of His‐304 is not essential for any of the known functions of A. vinelandii NifL. Homology to the family of histidine autokinases is therefore inadequate evidence for a mechanism of sensory transduction involving phosphorylation of the conserved histidine residue.
Permanent Magnet Selection and Design Considerations for Traction Motors Using Dynamic Demagnetization Analysis

The demand for electrical vehicles has been fueled as an alternative to the conventional engine vehicles in view of emission free transportation and depletion of natural oil resources. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors are considered as good choice for the electric vehicle propulsion system due to unique advantages such as high efficiency, power to weight ratio and extended speed ranges. The permanent magnets present in the traction motor are prone to irreversible demagnetization due to negative d-axis currents resulting from regular operation or Active short circuit or Freewheeling operations. The selection of permanent magnets for traction motor application plays vital role in the vehicle performance and functional safety aspects. This paper addresses the permanent magnet demagnetization and choice of permanent magnet manufacturing technology in initial design stage. The dynamic demagnetization analysis is carried out using FEA based Maxwell 2D electromagnetics software.
Developmental expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in mouse fetus

Expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and TGF-beta 1 during the fetal development of mice was evaluated by in situ hybridization. TGF-alpha mRNA was detected in 9- and 10-day fetuses but was absent in older fetuses. TGF-alpha mRNA-containing cells were found in the placenta, otic vesicle, oral cavity, pharyngeal pouch, first and second branchial arches, and developing kidneys. mRNA for TGF-beta 1 was present in hematopoietic cells of blood islands and capillaries and in the liver as it began to bud off on day 10 and function as a hematopoietic organ.