Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering differential behaviors: reflection and teacher judgment when forming classroom relationships

Positive teacher–student relationships promote growth in students both academically and socially, but in today’s ever-changing classrooms creating such positive relationships can be a challenge. This study attempts to look at the influences on teacher thinking and judgment when creating and maintaining relationships. This is done by examining the relationships that developed across a year between a second-grade teacher and two of her students. The teacher participated in a systematic reflection activity that focused her attention on how emotionally close she felt to her students. Across the year the insight gained by the teacher as she participated in the reflective exercise influenced her perceptions of students and led to changes in her concerted actions towards them. The findings indicate that variation in relationships between the teacher and individual students in the classroom can be attributed to differentiated behavior based on the teacher’s perception of student need, teacher ability to meet that need, and future benefit of doing so, and that those perceptions can change through reflective practice, resulting in purposeful interaction leading to more positive relationships.
Ieee Transactions on Signal Processing Parafac Based Blind Estimation of Possibly Under-determined Convolutive Mimo Systems

We consider the problem of blind identification of a convolutive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system with N o outputs and N i inputs. While many methods have been proposed to blindly identify convolutive MIMO systems with N o ≥ N i (over-determined), very scarce results exist for the case of N o < N i (under-determined), all of which refer to systems that either have some special structure, or special N o , N i values. In this paper we show that, as long as min(N o , N i) ≥ 2, we can always find a the appropriate order of statistics that guarantees identifiability of the system response within trivial ambiguities. We also propose an algorithm to reach the solution, that consists of Parallel Factorization (PARAFAC) of a K-way tensor containing K th-order statistics of the system outputs, followed by an iterative scheme. For a certain order of statistics, K, we provide the description of the class of identifiable MIMO systems. We also show that this class can be expanded by applying PARAFAC decomposition to a pair of tensors instead of one tensor. The proposed approach constitutes a novel scheme for estimation of under-determined systems, and improves over existing approaches for over-determined systems.
Delayed Object Permanence Development in Prenatally Stressed Rhesus Monkey Infants (Macaca Mulatta)

This prospective study investigated the effects of mild maternal stress during pregnancy on object permanence performance in rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta). Beginning on day 45 postpartum, 24 rhesus monkey infants were tested four times per week on a series of tests examining Piagetian object permanence. Twelve infants were derived from females exposed to a daily 10-minute mild stressor during the midgestational period of pregnancy, while 12 were derived from females undisturbed during pregnancy. Prenatally stressed infants took longer to recover an object that was partially obstructed or observed to vanish from view, suggesting that prenatally stressed infants may be cognitively impaired. Implications of the findings for occupational therapy practice are discussed.
Konrad-zuse-zentrum F ¨ Ur Informationstechnik Berlin Stable Computation of Probability Densities for Metastable Dynamical Systems Stable Computation of Probability Densities for Metastable Dynamical Systems *

Whenever the invariant stationary density of metastable dynamical systems decomposes into almost invariant partial densities, its computation as eigenvector of some transition probability matrix is an ill-conditioned problem. In order to avoid this computational difficulty, we suggest to apply an aggregation/disaggregation method which only addresses well-conditioned sub-problems and thus results in a stable algorithm. In contrast to existing methods, the aggregation step is done via a sampling algorithm which covers only small patches of the sampling space. Finally, the theoretical analysis is illustrated by two biomolecular examples.
Supporting Literacy in Preschool: Using a Teacher-Observation Tool to Guide Professional Development

Teachers involved with professional-development opportunities inevitably differ in their content knowledge, access to resources, and instructional practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a standardized assessment observation tool, selected to gather summative information for grant-evaluation purposes about preschool teachers' early literacy instruction environment and practices, could be used to guide the implementation of an early literacy peer-coaching professional-development program involving 23 teachers in 5 preschools. Data were obtained from three sources: baseline and end-of-project data for each teacher on the standardized observation tool, interviews with codirectors and coaches, and documents provided by codirectors and coaches. Results indicate that a standardized observation tool can be used formatively in three ways: (1) to guide decisions about materials purchases; (2) to adjust professional-development workshop sequence and delivery; and (3) to guide coaches as they work one-on-one with teachers. This study was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education Early Childhood Educator Professional Development Program (S349A020017-02).
Language processing in right hemisphere stroke patients: Response speed and quality

Background: One of the most common deficits associated with right hemisphere damage (RHD) concerns the difficulty in understanding words or phrases beyond their literal meaning. Problems in accuracy of discourse production are also frequently mentioned. Aims: The goal of this study is to examine whether stroke individuals present language impairment at a complex language level, not only in performance quality but also in response speed. Methods and Procedures: The performance of 27 participants with RHD was analysed, and the results were compared with existing scores for the Portuguese population, in a set of oral comprehension (proverbs, semantic decision, and idioms) and oral production tests (word definition and sentence production). Outcomes and Results: Data showed that the great majority of participants had lower performance in all tests, except in Word Definition, the easiest task. The worst results were achieved in Semantic Decision and Idioms tests (comprehension) and Sentence Formulation (production). However, patients were faster than controls in responding to those tests that demanded responses with more elaborate discourse. A speed accuracy trade-off did not occur, as in many cases these two aspects were independent. There may be cognitive aspects that account for these results, beyond the neuropsychological impairments that were identified during the evaluation of participants. These impairments cannot by themselves account neither for the poor quality of performance nor for the higher response speed observed in speech production. Conclusions: Results indicate that RHD individuals may present communication disabilities, affecting the comprehension of complex language, both figurative and non-figurative, and affecting discourse, which may be more inappropriate and/or too abrupt. Neuropsychological impairments do not seem to explain the poor quality of these individuals' performance. The latter can have an important social impact, undermining interpersonal communication, which justifies the need to assess the language of these persons.
Eysenck's theory of personality and sexuality

Although the number of empirical studies testing Eysenck's theory has not been extensive, the literature generally supports the main hypothesis of Eysenck's theory. Personality traits seem to be predictive of individual differences in sexual arousal and behaviour patterns. Extraverts, for example, are characterized by a more hedonistic outlook on sex and more active and varied sex lives. High P scorers have a more impersonal outlook on sex and are also characterized by more attraction to sexual aggression. Evidence supporting the association between high P scores and sexual aggression was provided in some new longitudinal data collected in Winnipeg, Manitoba by the authors of this paper. Eysenck's theory has also been frequently cited by investigators who are developing new evolutionary perspectives to account for individual differences in human sexuality. Recent research suggests that Eysenck's theory may also have important practical applications, particularly in helping us to understand high risk sexual behaviour patterns placing a person at risk for AIDS and understanding individual differences in reaction to AIDS education materials.
Long‐term results of basiliximab induction immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplant recipients

Abstract: It has been shown that an induction therapy with the monoclonal anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor antibody basiliximab (SimulectTM) is capable to reduce the incidence of acute graft rejection in adult and pediatric liver transplantation (Ltx). However, data on long‐term results using basiliximab in children post‐Ltx are still pending. Therefore, the objective of our study was to report on the long‐term results of basiliximab induction therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients. A total of 54 children received two single doses of basiliximab in addition to cyclosporine and prednisolone following Ltx. We analyzed the incidence of acute and chronic graft rejection that of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), and patient and graft survival. The follow‐up was 22–46 months. The historical control group (matched controls) consisted of 54 patients treated with a cyclosporine and prednisolone dual therapy. Patient survival was 53 of 54 in the treatment group and 51 of 54 in the controls. One patient was retransplanted in the treatment group vs. three patients in the control group. The incidence of acute graft rejection was 16.6% compared with 53.7% in the control group (p < 0.001), that of chronic rejection was comparable in both groups (one of 54 vs. one of 54). The incidence of steroid resistant rejection was four of 54 vs. six of 54 that of PTLD were one of 54 vs. zero of 54. There were no adverse effects observed, which could be related to the antibody treatment. We conclude that basiliximab provides safe and effective induction immunosuppression in pediatric liver graft recipients. Short‐ and even long‐term results are excellent.
Social capital of family firms and organisational efficiency: Theoretical proposals for a transmission model through bureaucratic costs

Recent studies have highlighted the specificity of the family business, with particular focus on the perspective of its social capital arising from the interpenetration of the private (the family) and the professional (the organisation) spheres. We have extended these studies to provide a theoretical framework explaining how this social capital can lead to greater organisational efficiency. Here is a "missing link" in the literature on family business. After demonstrating how this mechanism works, we develop our analysis around two main sources of variation: the size of the company and the generation involved - factors that tend to evolve over time. We thus argue that the dilution of the family in the ownership and management of the business, and an increase in the number of actors and possible divergent interests, can handicap the family business in the long term with respect to organisational efficiency and can reduce its capacity for survival compared to a non-family business.
Temporalized EL Ontologies for Accessing Temporal Data: Complexity of Atomic Queries

We study access to temporal data with TEL, a temporal extension of the tractable description logic EL. Our aim is to establish a clear computational complexity landscape for the atomic query answering problem, in terms of both data and combined complexity. Atomic queries in full TEL turn out to be undecidable even in data complexity. Motivated by the negative result, we identify well-behaved yet expressive fragments of TEL. Our main contributions are a semantic and sufficient syntactic conditions for decidability and three orthogonal tractable fragments, which are based on restricted use of rigid roles, temporal operators, and novel acyclicity conditions on the ontologies.
Model Uncertainty, State Uncertainty, and State-Space Models

State-space models have been increasingly used to study macroeconomic and financial problems. A state-space representation consists of two equations, a measurement equation which links the observed variables to unobserved state variables and a transition equation describing the dynamics of the state variables. In this chapter, we show that a classic linear-quadratic macroeconomic framework which incorporates two new assumptions can be analytically solved and explicitly mapped to a state-space representation. The two assumptions we consider are the model uncertainty due to concerns for model misspecification (robustness) and the state uncertainty due to limited information constraints (rational inattention). We show that the state-space representation of the observable and unobservable can be used to quantify the key parameters on the degree of model uncertainty. We provide examples on how this framework can be used to study a range of interesting questions in macroeconomics and international economics.
A prospective, randomized study: day 3 versus hatching blastocyst stage.

BACKGROUND Recently, advances in human IVF-embryo transfer (ET) have been reported using sequential media and blastocyst stage ET. In our previous report, using a prospective, randomized study, no advantage was found using the blastocyst stage ET compared with day 3 ET. This study was performed in order to evaluate implantation and pregnancy rates of hatching blastocyst stage ET compared with conventional day 3 ET. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 480 patient cycles were evaluated using a prospective, randomized study. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate were compared between the day 3 ET (n = 240) and hatching blastocyst stage ET (Hat ET; n = 240). The Hat ET group had a pregnancy rate of 29.3% (55 out of 188) and an implantation rate of 21.4% (67 out of 313). The day 3 ET group had a pregnancy rate of 29.2% (70 out of 240) and an implantation rate of 19.1% (93 out of 488). In the Hat ET group, the pregnancy rate, implantation rate and ongoing pregnancy rate of day 5 ET and day 6 ET were all higher than the respective rates in the day 7-9 ET group. CONCLUSION We found that the pregnancy rate and implantation rate of ET with hatching stage blastocysts had no advantage compared with the conventional day 3 ET.
Participant Roles in Bullying: How Can Peer Bystanders Be Utilized in Interventions?

This article provides a view of school bullying as a group phenomenon and practical implications stemming from this approach. The motivation for bullying perpetration often relates to one's social standing in the group. Peer bystanders are typically present when bullying takes place, often providing the perpetrators with social rewards. The more such rewards (e.g., laughing, cheering) are present and the less the victimized children are supported and defended, the more likely bullying is maintained in a classroom or a peer group. However, bystanders are not necessarily aware of the consequences of their responses when witnessing bullying, and they may not know how to support and defend vulnerable peers. In interventions aiming to reduce bullying, peer bystanders' awareness of their own role, their empathy toward victimized youth, as well as their self-efficacy related to defending those youth should be enhanced. Intervention evaluations have shown that changing bystander responses to bullying is a fruitful way to reduce bullying and victimization.
In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulp

Agha‐Hosseini F, Jahani M‐A, Jahani M, Mirzaii‐Dizgah I, Ali‐Moghaddam K. In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulp. Clin Transplant 2009: DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009. 01137.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
An Easy Calibration Method for Central Catadioptric Cameras

Central catadioptric cameras are widely used in virtual reality and robot navigation, and the camera calibration is a prerequisite for these applications. In this paper, we propose an easy calibration method for central catadioptric cameras with a 2D calibration pattern. Firstly, the bounding ellipse of the catadioptric image and fleld of view (FOV) are used to obtain the initial estimation of the intrinsic parameters. Then, the explicit relationship between the central catadioptric and the pinhole model is used to initialize the extrinsic parameters. Finally, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are reflned by nonlinear optimization. The proposed method does not need any fltting of partial visible conic, and the projected images of 2D calibration pattern can easily cover the whole image, so our method is easy and robust. Experiments with simulated data as well as real images show the satisfactory performance of our proposed calibration method.
Amplitude-oriented mixed-type CGP classification

Evolutionary algorithms have proved their worth on various optimization problems over the course of years. However, some techniques like genetic programming (GP) and Cartesian genetic programming (CGP) are not restricted only to optimization problems but can be also used in classification tasks. In this paper, we consider mixed-type CGP (MT-CGP) and test it on a number of benchmark binary and multi-class problems. Following that, we introduce a new representation for our algorithm where each node also has an accompanying weight factor called the amplitude. Our results suggest that this version of CGP is more powerful and able to obtain higher accuracies when compared to the mixed-type CGP or the standard CGP. Finally, we introduce the LI regularization into MT-CGP in order to facilitate even further feature reduction.
Quality Driven Software Migration of Procedural Code to Object-Oriented Design

In the context of software maintenance, legacy software systems are continuously re-engineered in order to correct errors, provide new functionality, or port them into modern platforms. However, software re-engineering activities should not occur in a vacuum, and it is important to incorporate non-functional requirements as part of the re-engineering process. We present an incremental reengineering framework that allows for quality requirements to be modeled as soft-goals, and transformations to be applied selectively towards achieving specific quality requirements for the target system. To deal with large software systems, we decompose the system into a collection of smaller clusters. The reengineering framework can be applied incrementally to each of these clusters and results are assembled to produce the final system.
National Development Paths 1965–1987: Measuring a Metaphor

The path-of-development metaphor registers in language the idea that the conditions of existence of people get better (or worse in the case of underdevelopment) in particular ways. To measure a metaphor, in this paper, a method of moving between the figurative and the literal is used. Development paths for 150 nations are measured for the period 1965–87 by using a methodology that can be described as historical factorial ecology. The measurement of development paths involves analytically combining the social, historical, and geographical dimensions of the development and underdevelopment process, an interpretation of which requires and encourages a combining of the sociological, historical, and geographical imaginations. The findings indicate that the debates within development theory resulted from different theories focusing upon different types of development paths. Development is complexly multidimensional with economic and social development paths resembling the linear and multilinear claims of orthodox modernization theory and with political development paths approximating the antilinear claims of underdevelopment theories. Development and underdevelopment theorists, like the blind wise men encountering the elephant, each described only parts of the beast, assuming that the economic trunk was identical to its political leg.
CrowdControl : An online learning approach for optimal task scheduling in a dynamic crowd platform

The dynamic nature of crowd platforms poses an interesting problem for users who wish to schedule a large set of tasks on a given platform. Although crowd platforms vary in their performance characteristics, certain temporal patterns can be discerned and statistically modeled. Methods that can learn these patterns and adapt as the patterns change can schedule “the right number of tasks with the right price at the right time” which can have significant implication on how well the tasks are completed. To address the problem, we propose CrowdControl : a novel online approach that controls and co– ordinates the execution of crowd tasks, in real–time, involving simultaneous learning of crowd performance and optimization based on the learning. We design and compare several algorithms in this framework. We also describe dynamic statistical models of crowd performance based on real data and a simulation testbed for evaluating CrowdControl algorithms. Our experiments show that algorithms that schedule jobs by adaptively learning current crowd performance can significantly outperform other algorithms that do not learn or rely on past data alone. ICML Workshop: Machine Learning Meets Crowdsourcing, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2013.
TECHNOLOGY USE AND EMPLOYEE ASSESSMENTS OF WORK EFFECTIVENESS, WORKLOAD, AND PACE OF LIFE

This study draws on survey data collected in 2001/2002 from two distinct regional samples of employees (N = 1667 and 547) and uses multivariate analytical techniques to assess ICT user versus non-user perceptions about the role technology plays in enhancing work effectiveness, increasing workloads, and accelerating the pace of life. I also investigate whether different devices or applications, used in different contexts (for work, for personal needs, or both), influence worker assessments of productivity and demands in different ways. I find that: (1) the frequency of computer, email, and cell phone use positively influences assessments that ICT use is connected to greater workplace effectiveness, an increased work load, and an accelerated pace of life; (2) computer and email use is linked more reliably to assessments regarding workplace effectiveness and work load than cell phone use; and (3) while both personal and work-related forms of ICT use influence productivity and pace-of-life assessments, work-related use only appears linked to assessments of increasing work demands. Overall, the findings indicate that perceptions about the social consequences of ICT use depend both on what device or application is used (computers versus cell phones), as well as the context (work versus personal) of this use.