Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FACTPLA : functional analysis and the complexity of testing programmable logic array

A computer aided method for analyzing the testability of Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) is described. The method, which is based on a functional verification approach, estimates the complexity of testing a PLA according to the amount of single undetectable faults in the array structure. An analytic program (FACTPLA) is developed to predict the above complexity without analyzing the topology of the array as such. Thus, the method is technology invariant and depends only on the functionality of the PLA. The program quantitatively evaluates the effects of undetectable faults and produces some testability measures to manifest these effects. A testability profile for different PLA examples is provided and a number of suggestions for further research to establish definitely the usefulness of some functional properties for testing were made. TO MY PARENTS, BROTHERS & SISTERS
An approach for determining bidirectional reflectance parameters from range and brightness data

The well-known Torrance-Sparrow (1967) reflection model describes the optical properties of objects, by means of the diffuse reflectance of the body material, the Fresnel reflectance of the air-media interface, and the slope roughness. This paper describes an approach for recovering these parameters from range and brightness (or color) data. Some details about the system built to collect the data are also discussed.
Radiographic evaluation of cases referred for surgical endodontics.

AIM The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that more patients with failed root-canal treatment or other endodontic problems are referred for periradicular surgery rather than nonsurgical re-treatment. METHODOLOGY Three sets of 100 periapical radiographs representing typical cases referred for surgical treatment were collected in three departments of oral and maxillo-facial surgery situated in different parts of the Netherlands. Of these, a total of 278 radiographs were evaluated to determine whether endodontic surgery was indicated or whether the primary endodontic treatment or endodontic re-treatment was a realistic option. An oral and maxillo-facial surgeon, an endodontist and a general dental practitioner viewed the radiograph independently under standard conditions. RESULTS Overall, orthograde root-canal (re-)treatment was considered possible in 63% of the cases. The results differed between the three examiners with the oral surgeon reporting that 41% of cases were amenable to conventional treatment, for the general dental practitioner and the endodontists the figures were 67 and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on these observations, it is concluded that most of the teeth referred for surgical treatment to an oral surgeon could be treated by orthograde nonsurgical root-canal treatment.
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Hypothalamic Dopamine Receptor Function in Women with a History of Puerperal Bipolar Disorder

Neuroendocrine challenge tests of hypothalamic dopamine receptor function in the early postpartum period suggest that the sensitivity of these receptors is increased in women with a history of bipolar disorder after childbirth. We tested the hypothesis that, in women predisposed to bipolar disorder in the puerperium, hypothalamic dopamine receptor function is more sensitive to changes in circulating ovarian hormone concentrations than in women without such histories. Eight fully recovered and drug-free women who had had at least one episode of bipolar illness following childbirth were compared with nine normal controls. Growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine (APO 0.005 mg s.c.) were measured in the early follicular phase, when plasma concentrations of ovarian hormones are low, and in the mid-luteal phase, when they are relatively high. The recovered bipolar subjects and the controls did not differ from each other in their follicular and midluteal oestrogen and progesterone concentrations. In the midluteal phase, both groups had increased oestrogen and progesterone levels. The recovered bipolar subjects did not differ from controls in baseline concentrations of GH in either of the menstrual phases. The APO-GH responses of the two groups did not differ in the follicular phase, but in the midluteal phase, when female sex steroids are relatively increased, the recovered group had significantly enhanced APO-GH responses [MANOVA for repeated measures: (i) area under the curve, group by phase effect: p < 0.04; (ii) GH peak rise after APO, group by phase effect: p < 0.056] and the responses were not related to concurrent measures of mood. The results of this small study of women predisposed to bipolar disorder in the puerperium shows an increased dopaminergic receptor sensitivity in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It suggests that their dopaminergic systems have increased sensitivity to changes in circulating female sex steroids. This may be aetiologically relevant to the pathogenesis of puerperal bipolar disorder.
A New Approach For the Ranking of Fuzzy Sets With Different Heights

Ranking of fuzzy sets plays an important role in decision making, optimization, forecasting, etc. Fuzzy sets must beranked before an action is taken by a decision maker. Fuzzy sets with different heights are a generalization of theordinary fuzzy sets. In this paper, with the help of several counterexamples, it is proved that the ranking methodproposed by Lee and Chen (Expert Systems with Applications 34, 2008, 2763-2771) is incorrect. The main aim of thispaper is to propose a new approach for the ranking of fuzzy sets with different heights. The main advantage of theproposed approach is that with it the correct ordering of fuzzy sets with different heights, and also the results of theproposed ranking method and the existing ranking method, can be compared.
Plasma clusterin and the risk of Alzheimer disease.

CONTEXT Variants in the clusterin gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and clusterin levels have been found to be increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD. Plasma clusterin was reported to be associated with brain atrophy, baseline disease severity, and rapid clinical progression in patients with AD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of plasma clusterin as a biomarker of the presence, severity, and risk of AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A case-cohort study nested within the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study conducted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Plasma levels of clusterin were measured at baseline (1997-1999) in 60 individuals with prevalent AD, a random subcohort of 926 participants, and an additional 156 participants diagnosed with AD during follow-up until January 1, 2007 (mean [SD], 7.2 [2.3] years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalent AD, severity of AD measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and the risk of developing AD during follow-up. RESULTS The likelihood of prevalent AD increased with increasing plasma levels of clusterin (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase of plasma clusterin level, 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.20; adjusted for age, sex, education level, apolipoprotein E status, diabetes, smoking, coronary heart disease, and hypertension). Among patients with AD, higher clusterin levels were associated with more severe disease (adjusted difference in MMSE score per SD increase in clusterin levels, -1.36; 95% CI, -2.70 to -0.02; P = .047). Plasma clusterin levels were not related to the risk of incident AD during total follow-up (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.17; P for trend = .77) or within 3 years of baseline (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.84-1.42; P for trend = .65). CONCLUSION Plasma clusterin levels were significantly associated with baseline prevalence and severity of AD, but not with incidence of AD.
Identification and Cloning of the Conjugative Transfer Region of Staphylococcus aureus Plasmid pGO 1

The conjugative transfer (tra) genes of a 52-kilobase (kb) staphylococcal plasmid, pGO1, were localized by deletion analysis and transposon insertional inactivation. All transfer-defective (Tra-) deletions and TnS51 or Tn917 transposon insertions occurred within a 14.5-kb BglII fragment. Deletions and insertions outside this fragment all left the plasmid transfer proficient (Tra'). The tra region was found to be flanked by directly repeated DNA sequences, approximately 900 base pairs in length, at either end. Clones containing the 14.5-kb BgllI fragment (pGO200) and subclones from this fragment were constructed in Escherichia coli on shuttle plasmids and introduced into Staphylococcus aureus protoplasts. Protoplasts could not be transformed with pGO200E (pGO200 on the staphylococcal replicon, pE194) or subclones containing DNA at one end of the tra fragment unless pGO1 or specific cloned tra DNA fragments were present in the recipient cell. However, once stabilized by sequences present on a second replicon, each tra fragment could be successfully introduced alone into other plasmid-free S. aureus recipients by conjugative mobilization or transduction. In this manner, two clones containing overlapping fragments comprising the entire 14.5-kb BglII fragment were shown to complement each other. The low-frequency transfer resulted in transconjugants containing one clone intact, deletions of that clone, and recombinants of the two clones. The resulting recombinant plasmid (pGO220), which regenerated the tra region intact on a single replicon, transferred at frequencies comparable to those of pGO1. Thus, all the genes necessary and sufficient for conjugative transfer of pGO1 are contained within a 14.5-kb region of DNA.
Performance of wireless optical communication systems Using DPSK modulation

A coherent differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) transmission system is presented to improve the receiver sensitivity for wireless optical communications. The error probability expression over atmospheric channels is derived under the assumption of log-normal distributed scintillation, and then the performance of DPSK system is compared with that of a most commonly used on-off keying (OOK) system under the same channel conditions. Theory analysis and numerical results illustrate that with the same bandwidth, DPSK system has a higher sensitivity than OOK, and to a certain extent DPSK format can reduce the impairment from turbulence-induced scintillation for its threshold being signal intensity insensitive, and hence, DPSK format is very suitable for atmosphere channels and has a broad prospect in wireless optical communications.
Electronic power transformer to secure the power supply of a mission critical microgrid

The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy resources and increasing in participation of demand response from consumers make the microgrid become a favorable option for future power system development. Since some loads are mission critical and require 24/7 uninterruptable supply, a smart microgrid is expected as an effective architecture to serve this purpose. This paper proposes the application of electronic power transformer (EPT) to improve the controllability and reliability of a mission critical microgrid. The application scenarios of EPT in the microgrids are analyzed in detailed. Some case studies including applying the EPTs into a grid connected microgrid, among autonomous microgrids, and between two microgrids are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of the EPT in enhancing the controllability and reliability of the microgrid.
Temozolomide concomitant and adjuvant to radiotherapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma

A recent randomized study conducted on newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients demonstrated that concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide added to standard radiotherapy had a survival advantage compared with radiotherapy alone. The overall survival benefit of this aggressive treatment, however, was attenuated in older or poor performance status patients. The aim of the present study was to verify the activity and the toxicity of temozolomide administration concurrent and adjuvant to radiotherapy as first‐line treatment for elderly GBM patients, and to explore correlations between clinical outcome and O6 methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status.
Use of the Air Force Post-Deployment Health Reassessment for the identification of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder: public health implications for suicide prevention.

OBJECTIVES Military members are required to complete the Post-Deployment Health Assessment on return from deployment and the Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (PHDRA) 90 to 180 days later, and we assessed the PDHRA's sensitivity and specificity in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after a military deployment among US Air Force personnel. METHODS We computed the PDHRA's sensitivity and specificity for depression and PTSD and developed a structural model to suggest possible improvements to it. RESULTS For depression, sensitivity and specificity were 0.704 and 0.651, respectively; for PTSD, they were 0.774 and 0.650, respectively. Several variables produced significant direct effects on depression and trauma, suggesting that modifications could increase its sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The PDHRA was moderately effective in identifying airmen with depression and PTSD. It identified behavioral health concerns in many airmen who did not develop a diagnostic mental health condition. Its low level of specificity may result in reduced barriers to care and increased support services, key components of a public health approach to suicide prevention, for airmen experiencing subacute levels of distress after deployment, which may, in part, account for lower suicide rates among airmen after deployment.
Análise gerencial de custos em uma indústria de plásticos

Este estudo aborda a aplicacao dos Principios e Metodos de Custeio definidos por Bornia (2010), em uma Industria de Plastico, com o objetivo de identificar os mais adequados para gerar informacoes uteis e relevantes para a tomada de decisao. Aplicou-se o RKW com base no Custeio Variavel, RKW com base no Custeio por Absorcao Integral e o RKW com base no Custeio por Absorcao Ideal. Para o ABC identificou-se que os centros de custos utilizados para a aplicacao do RKW tambem sao as atividades desempenhadas pela empresa, ou seja, os valores obtidos por produto sao os mesmos, aplicando-se o RKW ou o ABC. Por fim, houve a aplicacao do UEP com base no Custeio Variavel, UEP com base no Custeio por Absorcao Integral e UEP com base no Custeio por Absorcao Ideal. Percebe-se que o Principio e Metodo mais adequado para a empresa e o UEP com base no Custeio Variavel e no Custeio por Absorcao Ideal.
Enforcing confidentiality in a SaaS cloud environment

Achieving confidentiality is a critical concern that deters enterprises from using public cloud services. In the environment of Public Software as a Service (SaaS) it is even more serious because customers lose their system controls, and rigid service level agreements do not state detail security protection methods and provide sufficient legal guarantees. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes the concept of a SaaS Confidentiality Risk Management (SCoRiM) Framework as a holistic and flexible approach to enable small and medium sized enterprises to protect their critical data. It is aimed to enhance the data confidentiality management with and without support from the providers throughout the entire SaaS integrated system development life cycle.
Mortal Ethics: Reading Levinas with the Dardenne Brothers

Emmanuel Levinas never wrote about cinema. To the uninitiated, this may appear surprising, given that his life spanned the twentieth century, in which film emerged as a major art form, and his work includes tantalising allusions to films and the cinematic medium. Far from surprising, however, the liminal place that cinema occupies in Levinas’s thought is entirely understandable. Although his philosophy features many cultured references to literature and the other arts, and he discusses the work of such writers as Marcel Proust and Michel Leiris in some detail, his early work is dismissive of the aesthetic dimension in ethical terms. More significantly still, his philosophy bears a challenging relation to questions of vision and the phenomenological world of appearance, tending towards the anti-ocular and revealing an iconoclastic approach to images. There is something provocative, then, in wanting to ask what Levinas’s philosophy has to say about cinema, if we understand this realm as the location par excellence of the moving image. Yet this is precisely the guiding question of this Special Issue, which is the first to bring together articles on the work of Levinas and the insights that his philosophy can offer to film studies. The collection features an international selection of contributors, and includes Levinas specialists as well as film scholars. There is no easy bond to be forged between this philosopher and film, and the possibility of making this connection remains open to interrogation throughout some of the articles. But by taking Levinas to the cinema, while tracking the cinematic aspects of his thinking, all of the contributors address this hitherto occluded relation in generative ways, and each creates a critical opening for future research in the field.
THE FOOD MILES EFFECT OF THE KOREA-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

This paper estimates food miles effects for Korea. The data set is constructed using 4-digit Harmonized System codes for 169 products and each product’s trade flows with a total of 71 trading partners. The food miles level is estimated as 258 billion ton-km in 2010, which is equivalent to 5.4 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, or 1% of the total agricultural import value. Under the Korea-China FTA framework the trade expansion effect brings about a higher CO2 emission level than the case of trade shifting effects. This finding suggests that trade expansion should put more weight in gauging the CO2 emission effects of the FTA. Finally, analysis of Napa cabbage and turnip trades confirms the non-reversal of their food miles effects when they are estimated by a product life-cycle approach. * Department of Food and Resource Economics, Korea University. ** Department of Food and Resource, Korea University. Corresponding author, email:
THE LESSONIA NIGRESCENS SPECIES COMPLEX (LAMINARIALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) SHOWS STRICT PARAPATRY AND COMPLETE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN A SECONDARY CONTACT ZONE 1

During secondary contact between phylogenetically closely related species (sibling species) having diverged in allopatry, the maintenance of species integrity depends on intrinsic and extrinsic reproductive barriers. In kelps (Phaeophyceae), the observations of hybrids in laboratory conditions suggest that reproductive isolation is incomplete. However, not all interspecific crosses are successful, and very few hybrids have been observed in nature, despite the co‐occurrence of many kelp species in sympatry. This suggests that there are reproductive barriers that maintain species integrity. In this study, we characterized the fine genetic structure of a secondary contact zone to clarify the extent of reproductive isolation between two sister species. In Lessonia nigrescens Bory (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) species complex, two cryptic species have been recently found out from gene phylogenies, and—waiting for a formal taxonomic description—we used their geographic distribution to name them (northern and southern species). We studied 12 populations, distributed along 50 km of coastline, and employed two molecular approaches, assigning individuals to phylogenetic species according to a diagnostic mitochondrial marker (351 individuals analyzed) and quantifying interspecific gene flow with four microsatellite markers (248 individuals analyzed). No hybridization or introgression was revealed, indicating complete reproductive isolation in natural conditions. Unexpectedly, our study demonstrated that the two species were strictly segregated in space. This absence of co‐occurrence along the contact zone can partially explain the lack of hybridization, raising new interesting questions as to the mechanisms that limit sympatry at small spatial scales.
DFT studies of ESR parameters for NO centered radicals, N‐alkoxyaminyl and aminoxyl radicals

Theoretical calculations of ESR parameters for aminoxyl radicals have been widely studied using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, the isomer N‐alkoxyaminyl radicals have been limitedly studied. With the use of experimental data for 46 N‐alkoxyaminyl and 38 aminoxyl radicals, the isotropic 14N hyperfine coupling constants (aN) and g‐factors have been theoretically estimated by several DFT calculations. The best calculation scheme of aN for N‐alkoxyaminyl radicals was PCM/B3LYP/6‐31 + + G(d,p) (R2 = 0.9519, MAE = 0.034 mT), and that for aminoxyl radicals was PCM/BHandHLYP/6‐31 + + G(3df,3pd) (R2 = 0.9336, MAE = 0.057 mT). For aminoxyl radicals, the solvation models in calculations enhanced the accuracy of reproducibility. In contrast, for N‐alkoxyaminyl radicals the calculations with solvation models provided no improvement. The differences in the best functionals between two types of radicals were thought to come from the contribution ratios of neutral and dipolar canonical structures in resonance forms. The aN for N‐alkoxyaminyl radicals that were stabilized by small contribution of dipolar canonical structures could be precisely reproduced by B3LYP with only 20% HF exact exchange. In contrast, the aN for aminoxyl radicals stabilized by large contribution of dipolar canonical structures was well reproduced by BHandHLYP with 50% HF exchange. The best calculation scheme of g‐factors was IEFPCM/B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d,p) (R2 = 0.9767, MAE = 0.0001) for not only aminoxyl but also N‐alkoxyaminyl radicals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterial-loaded dipole antennas

Several compact, fully-printed negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterial-loaded dipole antennas are proposed. The antennas achieve multi-band behaviour by loading a host dipole antenna with series capacitive gaps and shunt inductive strips. In an approach proposed by Schelkunoff, the two arms of the dipole antenna are modeled as the two conductors of a biconical transmission line, and thus the rich dispersion properties of the NRI-TL structure are exploited, while still creating an effective radiator. Both dual-band and tri-band versions of the antennas are shown, with individual bandwidths ranging from 40 MHz to 1.4 GHz. It is also demonstrated that the antennas can achieve a size miniaturization factor of approximately two, and that they exhibit uniform dipolar radiation patterns. Throughout their bands of operation the gain and radiation efficiency vary from approximately -3 dBi to 2.3 dBi and 42% to 98%, respectively.
Are infrared images reliable for palmprint based personal identification systems?

Several studies for palmprint-based person identification have focused on the use of palmprint images captured in the visible part of the spectrum. However, to a possible improvement of the existing palmprint systems, the proposed work concerned with the use of infrared palmprint images for the palmprint identification system. For that, a comparison of infrared palmprint images versus gray level and color image is given. At the features-extraction stage the features are generated by the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This feature-extraction technique has been widely used for pattern recognition, as well as in the field of biometrics. The proposed scheme is tested and evaluated using PolyU multispectral palmprint database of 400 users. Our experimental results show that the infrared spectrum achieves the best result. Also, color image present three spectrums, for that, we propose a score level and image level fusion schemes to integrate these colors information.