Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High performance enzyme kinetics of turnover, activation and inhibition for translational drug discovery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Enzymes are the macromolecular catalysts of many living processes and represent a sizable proportion of all druggable biological targets. Enzymology has been practiced just over a century during which much progress has been made in both the identification of new enzymes and the development of novel methodologies for enzyme kinetics. Areas covered: This review aims to address several key practical aspects in enzyme kinetics in reference to translational drug discovery research. The authors first define what constitutes a high performance enzyme kinetic assay. The authors then review the best practices for turnover, activation and inhibition kinetics to derive critical parameters guiding drug discovery. Notably, the authors recommend global progress curve analysis of dose/time dependence employing an integrated Michaelis-Menten equation and global curve fitting of dose/dose dependence. Expert opinion: The authors believe that in vivo enzyme and substrate abundance and their dynamics, binding modality, drug binding kinetics and enzyme’s position in metabolic networks should be assessed to gauge the translational impact on drug efficacy and safety. Integrating these factors in a systems biology and systems pharmacology model should facilitate translational drug discovery.
Information Literacy in an Information Society: A Concept for the Information Age.

Information literacy is the aoility to access. evaluate, and use information from a variety of sources. This document traces the history of the development of the term "information literacy" and discusses the emergence of information literacy as an important concept in contemporary society. Two major events are examined that have driven information literacy into the forefront of educational reform: the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) Report and the National Educational Goals. The impact of technology on the concept of information literacy is discussed. Finally, recent revisions in national curriculum standards that imply recognition of information literacy skills are examined, including mathematics, social studies, and science standards. An annotated bibliography is included. (Contains 41 references.) (JLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Information Literacy in an Information S A Concept foe Information AO by Christina S. Doyle June 1994 U DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION 0,fice of Educabome Research and Impeowment EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC> C Ms document hes been reproduced as received front the person or organization originstinv 0 Minor changes have Dien made to improv reproduction Quality Points Of view CV opinions stated in Ihrs document do not necessaray represent ottcrel OERI pOSttion or pokey
Use of Dual TaqMan Probes to Increase the Sensitivity of 1-Step Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR: Application to the Detection of SARS Coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), has affected 8096 people and produced 774 deaths in 29 countries/regions (6). The vital step in preventing and controlling future epidemics is to block transmission of infection through an effective quarantine policy, which in turn hinges on early diagnosis and confirmation of the disease, particularly by laboratory tests (7). The need for rapid, ultrasensitive assays that can detect infection very early in the course of the disease is obvious. The antibody response to SARS-CoV infection is detectable only after ∼10 days of illness (8); hence early laboratory diagnosis rests on early detection of the virus itself. Detection relies on reverse transcription followed by PCR (RT-PCR) (7). We designed a 1-step real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV with the use of 2 TaqMan probes, instead of 1 probe, hybridizing to the same PCR product to further improve the sensitivity. This simple modification using dual TaqMan probes for quantification has wide applications in areas in which ultrasensitivity is critically required. Our 1-step assay was designed to amplify the ORF1b regions of the SARS-CoV by TaqMan EZ RT-PCR Kit in a 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). We compared assays using 1 and 2 TaqMan probes (Fig. 1, A and B⇓ ). The 25-μL reaction mixture contained 1× TaqMan EZ Buffer, 3 mM manganese acetate, 0.3 mM each deoxynucleotide triphosphate (except 1.2 mM for dUTP), 0.25 U of AmpErase UNG, 2.5 U of r Tth DNA polymerase, 0.8 μM each primer, 0.4 μM each probe, and 10 μL of extracted RNA (4 μL for the 1-probe assay). The 1-probe assay was based on a previous report (9), but with slight modifications. Reactions were started by incubation at 50 °C for 2 …
Toward Automatic Recognition of High Quality Clinical Evidence

Automatic methods for recognizing topically relevant documents supported by high quality research can assist clinicians in practicing evidence-based medicine. We approach the challenge of identifying articles with high quality clinical evidence as a binary classification problem. Combining predictions from supervised machine learning methods and using deep semantic features, we achieve 73.5% precision and 67% recall.
SELECTING AND ADAPTING MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES-IS ONE TEXTBOOK ENOUGH?

Abstract This paper aims to analyze in more details the process of selection, adaptation and use of teaching materials in the context of English for Academic Purposes courses (Academic English) by examining in more detail the existing teaching practices and students’ attitudes towards the textbooks and supplementary materials. The article attempts to answer the dilemma that EAP practitioners frequently encounter: is it more functional and appropriate to select and use only one source or one textbook rather than using a variety of selected and adapted materials? Do we need textbooks in the context of EAP courses and how do we select one? The article also examines students’ attitudes and beliefs towards the textbooks used in English for Academic Purposes courses, their views on other supplementary materials and their preferences regarding the type of materials. The article also suggests useful ways and criteria in the process of selecting textbooks and other materials for EAP courses. Key words : English for Academic Purposes, textbook, language learning, materials.
International Trade and Labor Markets: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

Davidson and Matusz extend the traditional analysis of international trade to allow for labor markets characterized by workers whose labor-market experiences are punctuated by spells of involuntary unemployment. They demonstrate that such extensions are easily accomplished and that they provide valuable new insights that withstand empirical scrutiny. And perhaps most importantly, argue Davidson and Matusz, such models offer the appropriate venue in which to carry out policy analysis aimed at determining the best way to compensate those who suffer economic loss as a result of changing trade patterns.
Fault tolerance in computing, compressing, and transmitting FFT data

Remote-sensing applications often calculate the discrete Fourier transform of sampled data and then compress and encode it for transmission to a destination. However, all these operations are executed on computing resources potentially affected by failures. Methods are presented for integrating various fault detection capabilities throughout the data flow path so that the momentary failure of any subsystem will not allow contaminated data to go undetected. New techniques for protecting complete source coding schemes are exemplified by examining a lossy compression system that truncates fast Fourier transform (FFT) coefficients to zero, then compresses the data further by using lossless arithmetic coding. Novel methods protect arithmetic coding computations by internal algorithm checks. The arithmetic encoding and decoding operations and the transmission path are further protected by inserting sparse parity symbols dictated by a high-rate convolutional symbol-based code. This powerful approach introduces limited redundancy at the beginning of the system but performs detection at later stages. While the parity symbols degrade efficiency slightly, the overall compression gain is significant because of the run-length coding. Well-known fault tolerance measures for FFT algorithms are extended to detect errors in the lossy truncation operations, maintaining end-to-end protection. Simulations verify that all single subsystem errors are detected and the overhead costs are reasonable.
Social capital, network governance and the strategic delivery of grassroots sport in England

There has been a growing debate concerning the increasing salience of sport to government in the UK and the role and value of community-level sport policy. Much of this debate has centred on the role of voluntary sport clubs (VSCs) and the extent to which they can contribute to the creation of social capital. This paper contributes to this debate through a case study of sport policy implementation in England. The case study firstly highlights the strategic importance attached to social capital and its associated policy context and secondly presents key stakeholder interpretations of the likelihood that VSCs will act as agents of delivery. The analysis is served by three considerations. Firstly, what is the political and policy context for a strategic orientation to social capital? Secondly, how does this orientation relate to stakeholder perceptions of what VSCs do? Thirdly, how do stakeholder perceptions of what VSCs do affect their perceptions of how they do it? The analysis is informed by a series of 14 semi-structured interviews with a number of key stakeholders and a range of public documents produced by government, local authorities and regional agencies. The conclusions suggest that, firstly, the democratic form of social capital is most dominant in relation to sport policy and, secondly, that when considered alongside VSC stakeholder perceptions, then anticipated democratic social capital outcomes may become distorted and even corrupted.
Does Reporting Heterogeneity Bias the Measurement of Health Disparities?

Heterogeneity in reporting of health by socio-economic and demographic characteristics potentially biases the measurement of health disparities. We use anchoring vignettes to identify socio-demographic differences in the reporting of health in Indonesia, India and China. Homogeneous reporting by socio-demographic group is rejected and correcting for reporting heterogeneity tends to reduce slightly estimated disparities in health by education (not China) and to increase those by income. But the method does not reveal substantial reporting bias in measures of health disparities.
Rent-seeking and economic valuation of environmental quality

Purpose - The paper seeks to address conceptually the issue of monetary valuations of environmental intangibles. Design/methodology/approach - The paper offers an innovative approach based on the rent-seeking behaviour of individuals, as seen in lobbying for environmental goods. As an alternative to the contingent valuation method, which relies largely on willingness-to-pay disclosures in hypothetical situations, this approach depends on actual payments made by individuals in real situations. If individuals are willing to spend scarce resources to obtain an environmental good, then the total expenditures incurred provide an estimate of the value of that environmental good. Findings - The estimates provide a lower bound of value of certain environmental goods. The rent-seeking approach gives a different and more direct way to determine the value of environmental public goods. Originality/value - The paper considers the free-rider problem and other issues arising from the voluntary nature of public good rent-seeking activity.
Sequence of the dnaB gene of Salmonella typhimurium

The dnaB gene of Escherichia coli encodes a helicase that operates at replication forks of the bacterium and certain of its bacteriophages to produce separated strands suitable for subsequent use by primase and DNA polymerase III. Here, we present the sequence of the dnaB gene of Salmonella typhimurium, a functionally interchangeable analog of the E. coli dnaB gene. The DnaB proteins of these two organisms, inferred from the DNA sequences, are identical in length and in 93% of amino acid residues. Extended portions of the DnaB proteins are also similar to two phage-encoded DNA replication proteins: the gene 4 helicase-primase of coliphage T7 and, as reported previously (H. Backhaus and J. B. Petri, Gene 32: 289-303, 1984), the gene 12 protein of Salmonella phage P22. In contrast, little similarity was found between DnaB and either the UvrD repair helicase or transcription termination factor Rho (an RNA-DNA helicase). These results identify S. typhimurium DnaB as a member of the DnaB family of proteins by structural, as well as functional, criteria and provide the basis for the eventual identification, by mutational studies, of residues in DnaB critical for its function.
Dynamic interaction among stock returns, short-term interest rates, spread and expected inflation

Financial researchers and economists have made many attempts to explain the influence of macroeconomic variables on asset pricing. This study uses spread as a measure of real activity and examines the dynamic interaction and causal linkages among stock returns, interest rates, spread and expected inflation. The dynamic interaction is examined using vector autoregression model and innovation accounting methodology. The analysis shows that there is a strong bi-causal relationship between spread and stock returns, and spread is a significant factor influencing stock returns than the interest rates such as Treasury Bill Yield (TBY) and Commercial Paper Rate, while the overnight interest rates explain much of the variance in stock returns, than spread. Stock market returns signal changes in real activity while it does not signal changes in expected inflation and interest rates and there is no significant relationship between expected inflation and spread. In contrast to the studies in the US market, interest rates do not explain substantial portion of variation in inflation, but the overnight interest rates significantly influence stock returns and have a bi-causal relationship with expected inflation.
A STATE‐SPACE MODEL FOR UNIVARIATE ORDINAL‐VALUED TIME SERIES

Abstract A state‐space model was developed to analyze a univariate time series of ordinal‐valued flower phenology data. Flower abundance, recorded as either “none,”“some,” or “much,” was observed each month on trees in a lowland Costa Rican rain forest to investigate flowering patterns of different species. Data from a single Capparis pittieri and daily rain measurements are used to demonstrate the model. A method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and the use of predicted probability differences to assess goodness of fit are described. Opportunities for improving the model are also discussed.
Dependence of rain integral parameters on measured rain drop velocities at a tropical location

A study using a Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) for several rain events spanning the monsoon season of 2013 at Kolkata, India, reflects the effect of velocity measurements on Z-R and A-R relationship for both convective and stratiform events. Laser precipitation monitor measures ground based drop size distribution and drop velocity simultaneously. The presence of high velocity small drops (super-terminal) and low velocity large drops (sub-terminal) is abundantly experienced during different types of rain in the tropical region as observed by a Laser precipitation monitor (LPM). The number fraction of these drops is higher in convective rain than in stratiform rain. As the observed drop velocities show significant variation from the theoretically derived velocities, it is possible to get noticeable difference in rain rate calculations, Z-R and A-R relationships. The study involves a comparison of Z-R and A-R relations using both Gunn-Kinzer (GK) and actual observed velocity in convective and stratiform rain regimes separately as there was significant difference in number fraction of high velocity and low velocity rain drops in both the cases.
Supply Contract Design for Competing Heterogeneous Suppliers under Asymmetric Information

This study considers a supply chain with two heterogeneous suppliers and a common retailer whose type is either low‐volume or high‐volume. The retailer's type is unknown to the suppliers. The flexible supplier has a high variable cost and a low fixed cost, while the efficient supplier has a low variable cost and a high fixed cost. Each supplier offers the retailer a menu of contracts. The retailer chooses the contract that maximizes its expected profit. For this setting, we characterize the equilibrium contract menus offered by the suppliers to the retailer. We find that the equilibrium contract menus depend on which supplier–retailer match can generate the highest supply chain profit and on how much information rent the supplier may need to pay. An important feature of the equilibrium contract menus is that the contract assigned to the more profitable retailer will coordinate the supply chain, while the contract assigned to the less profitable retailer may not. In addition, in some circumstances, the flexible supplier may choose not to serve the high‐volume retailer, in order to avoid excessive information rent.
Peripheral blood eosinophils and IL‐4 in infancy in relation to the appearance of allergic disease during the first 6 years of life

Eosinophils in peripheral blood and serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐4 were analysed at 3 and 18 months and at 6 years in a prospective study comprising 67 children, of whom the majority had atopic heredity. The children were monitored from birth up to 6 years of age and the findings were related to family history of allergy and development of allergic disease. Twenty‐nine children (43%) of the original group of 67 children were diagnosed as allergic at the age of six. Fifteen of 23 children with eosinophilia (>4 × 108 eosinophils/l) at 3 months of age were regarded as allergic at 6 years, when compared with 12 out of 38 children with normal eosinophil counts at 3 months (χ2 = 6.7, p < 0.01). Children with detectable IL‐4 in serum at 18 months were more often allergic at 6 years, when compared with those children with no detectable IL‐4 (χ2 = 8.6, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the allergic children had a mean IL‐4 value of 0.35 μg/l (95% CI: 0.10–1.48) at 18 months, when compared with 0.17 μg/l (95% CI: 0.10–0.72, p < 0.001) in the non‐allergic children. At 6 years of age, only nine children had detectable levels of IL‐4 and five of them were classified as allergic. Eosinophilia at this age was also associated with allergic disease. We conclude that eosinophilia during infancy and increased levels of IL‐4 at 18 month of age are associated with allergic disease during the first 6 years of life. This might indicate that the first 2 years of life are particularly important for the development of allergy.
Pose Estimation for Event Camera Using Charuco Board Based on Image Reconstruction

Event cameras offer attractive properties compared to conventional frame-based cameras, such as high temporal resolution, very high dynamic range, and low power consumption. Thanks to these characteristics, event cameras have a great potential for sensing challenging lighting or high motion conditions in computer vision tasks and robotics applications. Traditional patterns such as chessboard and circle grid based methods have been proposed to calibrate or estimate the pose of the event camera. However, these methods are less versatile as they require the entire board to be visible in all images and do not allow occlusion. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a new method to estimate the 6DoF pose of an event camera using a Charuco board based on image reconstruction with a deep learning approach. Using images reconstructed from the event streams captured of the Charuco board, it can be successfully estimated the 6DoF pose of the event camera even in the presence of occlusion. Experiments performed in a simulation environment show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Employee engagement in continuous improvement of processes

Summary The article, which is supposed to present the essence of the problems related to building employee engagement in continuous improvement of processes, highlights the existing possibilities of its extraction and sustaining. The paper has pointed out that the subject matter associated with building employee engagement in improvement of processes is cognitively interesting, but also useful in practice, especially that, as indicated in the first part of this study, without any knowledge and skills associated with improvement of processes it is currently difficult to compete in a variable market environment. The article has also elaborated on the concept of continuous improvement of processes by setting it against the background of contemporary trends in management. It has presented the term “employee engagement “, taking account of its ambiguity and multidimensionality. The article serves as a review based on the studies subject literature Streszczenie W artykule, którego celem jest prezentacja istoty problemów związanych z budowaniem zaangażowania pracowników w ciągłe doskonalenie procesów wskazano na istniejące możliwości jej wydobywania i podtrzymywania. Zwrócono uwagę na to, że tematyka związana z budowaniem zaangażowania pracowników w doskonalenie procesów jest interesująca poznawczo, ale też przydatna w praktyce, szczególnie, że jak wskazano w pierwszej części niniejszego opracowania bez wiedzy i umiejętności doskonalenia procesów trudno obecnie rywalizować w zmiennym otoczeniu rynkowym. W artykule przeprowadzono również rozważania na temat koncepcji ciągłego doskonalenia procesów, osadzając je na tle współczesnych trendów w zarządzaniu. Zaprezentowano pojęcie „zaangażowanie pracowników”, zwracając uwagę na jego wieloznaczność i wielowymiarowość. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, bazuje na literaturze przedmiotu
Optimal criteria for selecting price discrimination metrics when buyers have log-normally distributed willingness-to-pay

This paper investigates how a monopoly seller should determine the optimal set of pricing variables (pricing metrics) for third-degree price discrimination applications in which buyers have log-normally distributed willingness-to-pay (WTP). In a setup that closely resembles linear and probit regressions, this paper shows that when the monopoly seller is restricted to using one metric and no price discrimination cost exists, the pricing metric that best reduces the residual variance of buyers’ willingness-to-pay is the one that maximizes revenue. Equivalently, the explanatory power of willingness-to-pay is the ordering criterion. This paper also shows that this criterion is not universally true when willingness-to-pay follows other distributions. When the seller incurs price discrimination costs associated with different metrics, the ordering criterion becomes the explanatory power of each pricing metric divided by its cost. This paper also discusses how to apply this model to solve real-world pricing problems with contingent valuation models or using probit regression.