Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineering adaptive privacy: On the role of privacy awareness requirements

Applications that continuously gather and disclose personal information about users are increasingly common. While disclosing this information may be essential for these applications to function, it may also raise privacy concerns. Partly, this is due to frequently changing context that introduces new privacy threats, and makes it difficult to continuously satisfy privacy requirements. To address this problem, applications may need to adapt in order to manage changing privacy concerns. Thus, we propose a framework that exploits the notion of privacy awareness requirements to identify runtime privacy properties to satisfy. These properties are used to support disclosure decision making by applications. Our evaluations suggest that applications that fail to satisfy privacy awareness requirements cannot regulate users' information disclosure. We also observe that the satisfaction of privacy awareness requirements is useful to users aiming to minimise exposure to privacy threats, and to users aiming to maximise functional benefits amidst increasing threat severity.
A Study of the Effects of Company Size on Systematic Risk Based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model Among Accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Market

Systematic risk (Beta) is one of the most effective factors in predicting the appropriate required rate of return of portfolios. Understanding systematic risk of usual portfolio of various companies, investors consider financial investment more confidentially. The aim of this study is to determine if there is any significant relationship between Leverages ratio (Operating leverage, financial leverage, Compound Leverage) as independent variables and Systematic risk (Beta) as dependent variables. To do so 115 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Market were selected based on screening (systematic deletion) in an eight-year- period between "2005-2012". The required data were gathered from basic financial statement, committee reports, and other available documents in Tehran Stock Market. Regression and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there is not significant relationship between the variables. Some suggestions regarding the topic of the research are given too.
Optimal signal constellation for downlink two-user NOMA

In this paper, optimal signal constellation for downlink 2-user NOMA is investigated from both information theoretical and system level perspectives. Specifically, utilizing the gradient relationship between mutual information and minimum mean squared error, we first propose the optimal superposition coded constellation that maximizes the sum weighted mutual information. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design, we then implement the proposed design in a low-density parity-check code (LDPC) coded modulated NOMA system. Numerical results demonstrate that, in the considered system, the promised achievable rate of our optimized superposition coded constellation can be achieved with a negligible gap.
Foldable Conductive Cellulose Fiber Networks Modified by Graphene Nanoplatelet‐Bio‐Based Composites

Truly foldable flexible electronic components require a foldable substrate modified with a conducting material that can retain its electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity even after hard mechanical manipulations and multiple folding events. Here, such a material exploiting the combination of all‐biodegradable components (substrate and the polymer matrix) and graphene nanoplatelets is designed and fabricated. A commercially available thermoplastic starch‐based polymer (Mater‐Bi) and graphene nanoplatelets are simultaneously dispersed in an organic solvent to formulate conductive inks. The inks are spray painted on pure cellulose sheets and hot‐pressed into their fiber network after drying. The resultant nanostructured flexible composites display excellent isotropic electrical conductivity, reaching very low sheet resistance value ≈10 Ω sq−1, depending on the relative concentration between the biopolymer and the graphene nanoplatelets. Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that during hot‐pressing, graphene nanoplatelets are physically embedded into the cellulose fibers, resulting in high electrical conductivity of the flexible composite. The paper‐like flexible conductors can withstand many severe folding events, maintaining their mechanical and electrical properties and showing only a slight decrease of their electrical conductivity with respect to the unfolded counterparts. Unlike conductive paper technologies, the proposed paper‐like flexible conductors demonstrate both sides isotropic conductivity due to pressure‐induced impregnation.
Function and Ventilation of Large and Small Airways in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background:Extraintestinal manifestations are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whereas pulmonary involvement is considered rare. However, chronic lung diseases begin with subclinical changes of the small airways and often originate in childhood. Pulmonary involvement, particularly of the small airways, can be assessed using novel inert gas washout tests. Methods:In this prospective, single-center study, 30 children and adolescents (mean age, 14 years; SD, ±2.6; 13 boys) with IBD (mean disease duration, 3.2 years; SD, ±2.8), and 32 healthy age-matched controls, performed nitrogen multiple-breath washout, double-tracer gas single-breath washout, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Patients with IBD additionally performed spirometry, plethysmography, and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide. Results:Patients with IBD demonstrated no abnormalities in classical lung function tests. There was no difference between active disease and remission. The lung clearance index, a very sensitive indicator for small airway function, did not differ between patients with IBD and healthy controls (mean difference [95% confidence interval] −0.01 [−0.28 to 0.25]). Specific markers for peripheral lung ventilation (Sacin and Scond) were also within the normal range (0.002 [−0.003 to 0.008] and −0.002 [−0.020 to 0.015], respectively). No association was found between measures of lung function and IBD subtype, clinical disease activity scores, laboratory values, treatment modalities, or disease duration. Conclusions:In our cohort of pediatric and adolescent patients with IBD without respiratory symptoms, there was no evidence of significant lung disease on extensive screening testing. General screening of asymptomatic patients therefore appears unnecessary and is not recommended in this population.
NANO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: INSTRUMENT DESIGN AND TECHNIQUES

Kevin C. Hewitt , Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5 The ability to obtain information on a nanometer scale is of importance in many fields – spectroscopy being no exception. Raman spectroscopy is the inelastic scattering of light. Light is preferentially scattered at wavelengths that depend on the structure and environment of the material under study. In fact, these set of wavelengths in the Raman spectra is a unique fingerprint of the material. To obtain this information on a nanometer scale would enable many advances that include biophysics applications such as the ability to distinguish healthy and diseased tissue at the nanometer scale, and condensed matter physics studies of nano-sized objects such as quantum dots.
Anger response styles and blood pressure: At least Don’t Ruminate about it!

Background: Research on anger suggests a link with blood pressure (BP), but the findings are complex and highly variable; this is at least partly attributable to measurement issues.Purpose: In this study we used a new model of anger responding that comprises 6 independent anger response styles in 2 dimensions: Aggression, Assertion, Social Support Seeking, Diffusion, Avoidance, and Rumination. Linear and interactive relations between the anger response styles and resting and ambulatory BP were tested, controlling for traditional risk factors and level of hostility.Methods: Data from 2 samples of different cardiovascular health status were examined. In Study 1, 109 healthy participants (45 men and 64 women) were recruited. Study 2 involved a sample of 159 hypertensive patients (90 men and 69 women). All participants provided demographic and health information; completed the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire, a hostility measure; and underwent resting BP measurement. Study 2 participants also provided 24-hr ambulatory BPs.Results: Examination of linear effects revealed inconsistent associations between anger response styles and BP. The moderating effect of Rumination on the relationship between the other anger response styles and BP was examined next. Rumination had a deleterious influence on the relation between Avoidance and Assertion and resting and ambulatory BP levels. The moderating influence of Rumination on Social Support Seeking varied between the genders.Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that rumination is a critical moderating variable in the relation of anger and BP.
STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION FOR CALIBRATION OF A VEHICLE CAMERA SYSTEM WITH NON-OVERLAPPING FIELDS-OF-VIEW IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. Vehicle environment cameras observing traffic participants in the area around a car and interior cameras observing the car driver are important data sources for driver intention recognition algorithms. To combine information from both camera groups, a camera system calibration can be performed. Typically, there is no overlapping field-of-view between environment and interior cameras. Often no marked reference points are available in environments, which are a large enough to cover a car for the system calibration. In this contribution, a calibration method for a vehicle camera system with non-overlapping camera groups in an urban environment is described. A-priori images of an urban calibration environment taken with an external camera are processed with the structure-frommotion method to obtain an environment point cloud. Images of the vehicle interior, taken also with an external camera, are processed to obtain an interior point cloud. Both point clouds are tied to each other with images of both image sets showing the same real-world objects. The point clouds are transformed into a self-defined vehicle coordinate system describing the vehicle movement. On demand, videos can be recorded with the vehicle cameras in a calibration drive. Poses of vehicle environment cameras and interior cameras are estimated separately using ground control points from the respective point cloud. All poses of a vehicle camera estimated for different video frames are optimized in a bundle adjustment. In an experiment, a point cloud is created from images of an underground car park, as well as a point cloud of the interior of a Volkswagen test car is created. Videos of two environment and one interior cameras are recorded. Results show, that the vehicle camera poses are estimated successfully especially when the car is not moving. Position standard deviations in the centimeter range can be achieved for all vehicle cameras. Relative distances between the vehicle cameras deviate between one and ten centimeters from tachymeter reference measurements.
SafeBox: A scheme for searching and sharing encrypted data in cloud applications

Confidential data is often encrypted before it is uploaded to cloud servers. However, client-controlled encryption often poses a major barrier towards the full functionalities of cloud services. This paper presents SafeBox, a new Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)-based approach that protects sensitive information against attackers with full control of cloud servers, and allows clients to search and share encrypted data transparently. It addresses the following challenges: First, SafeBox brings almost no loss of functionalities for protecting sensitive information in cloud applications. It safeguards not only textual input data but also uploaded files. Second, it allows a server to perform keyword-based searching over encrypted contents, and does not modify the current cloud interfaces or users' habits. Finally, it enables encrypted data sharing between different brokers efficiently. Our experimental evaluations on multiple cloud applications show that SafeBox has modest overheads and can be applied to practical use.
Distinct PKC-mediated posttranscriptional events set cytokine production kinetics in CD8+ T cells

Significance A hallmark of effective T cell responses against invading pathogens is the production of effector molecules. Effector molecules such as cytokines not only kill infected cells, but they also recruit innate immune cells and alter the environment to optimally respond to microbial infections. However, because effector molecules are very potent, they can pose a health risk. When produced excessively or when generated at the wrong time, this aberrant production can induce immunopathology. Here, we uncover that each cytokine employs a private regulation of transcriptional and posttranscriptional events to guarantee appropriate production kinetics. Effective T cell responses against invading pathogens require the concerted production of three key cytokines: TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2. The cytokines functionally synergize, but their production kinetics widely differ. How the differential timing of expression is regulated remains, however, poorly understood. We compared the relative contribution of transcription, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency on cytokine production in murine effector and memory CD8+ T cells. We show that the immediate and ample production of TNF-α is primarily mediated by translation of preformed mRNA through protein kinase C (PKC)-induced recruitment of mRNA to polyribosomes. Also, the initial production of IFN-γ uses translation of preformed mRNA. However, the magnitude and subsequent expression of IFN-γ, and of IL-2, depends on calcium-induced de novo transcription and PKC-dependent mRNA stabilization. In conclusion, PKC signaling modulates translation efficiency and mRNA stability in a transcript-specific manner. These cytokine-specific regulatory mechanisms guarantee that T cells produce ample amounts of cytokines shortly upon activation and for a limited time.
Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms

Abstract Whereas the application of optically or magnetically heated nanoparticles to destroy tumours is now well established, the extension of this concept to target pathogens has barely begun. Here we examine the challenge of targeting pathogens by this means and, in particular, explore the issues of power density and heat transfer. Depending on the rate of heating, either hyperthermia or thermoablation may occur. This division of the field is fundamental and implies very different sources of excitation and heat transfer for the two modes, and different strategies for their clinical application. Heating by isolated nanoparticles and by agglomerates of nanoparticles is compared: hyperthermia is much more readily achieved with agglomerates and for large target volumes, a factor which favours magnetic excitation and moderate power densities. In contrast, destruction of planktonic pathogens is best achieved by localised thermoablation and very high power density, a scenario that is best delivered by pulsed optical excitation.
Teacher education for inclusive practice – responding to policy

This article draws on research in one teacher education course in England and examines the ways in which the programme prepares student-teachers for inclusive practice in science teaching. We frame our analysis by drawing on aspects of institutional mediation of official policy in teacher education, as well as theories around inclusion and critical pedagogy. Using data from official sources, lecture material, and interviews, we argue that in order to achieve real inclusion in teacher education programmes, we need pedagogies of praxis that move beyond (and sometimes against) the official policy definitions of inclusion, and draw instead on a more critical approach to the formation of future professionals.
A brief essay on non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Current pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) do not modify its course and are not always beneficial. Therefore, the optimization of quality of life represents the best possible outcome achievable in all stages of the disease. Cognitive and behavioural rehabilitation represents the main therapeutic approach for this purpose, also in order to mitigate indirectly the burden of distress of family caregivers. The aim of this mini-review is to go through this theme by discussing cognitive activation, virtual reality and neuromodulation techniques. The practices summarized in this essay are not alternative but, often, complementary therapies to standardized pharmacological treatment. The present mini-review has found encouraging results but also the need for more conclusive evidence for all types of non-invasive/non-pharmacological treatment of AD.
Methodology and Reporting of Mobile Health and Smartphone Application Studies for Schizophrenia

Abstract The increasing prevalence of mobile devices among patients of all demographic groups has the potential to transform the ways we diagnose, monitor, treat, and study mental illness. As new tools and technologies emerge, clinicians and researchers are confronted with an increasing array of options both for clinical assessment, through digital capture of the essential behavioral elements of a condition, and for intervention, through formalized treatments, coaching, and other technology-assisted means of patient communication. And yet, as with any new set of tools for the assessment or treatment of a medical condition, establishing and adhering to reporting guidelines—that is, what works and under what conditions—is an essential component of the translational research process. Here, using the recently published World Health Organization mHealth Evaluation, Reporting and Assessment guidelines for evaluating mobile health applications, we review the methodological strengths and weaknesses of existing studies on smartphones and wearables for schizophrenia. While growing evidence supports the feasibility of using mobile tools in severe mental illness, most studies to date failed to adequately report accessibility, interoperability, costs, scalability, replicability, data security, usability testing, or compliance with national guidelines or regulatory statutes. Future research efforts addressing these specific gaps in the literature will help to advance our understanding and to realize the clinical potential of these new tools of psychiatry.
Mining API Type Specifications for JavaScript

API specifications play an important role in software development. However, API specifications are often not well documented, especially for JavaScript. Many JavaScript API specifications lack of precise type information for API parameters and return values. In this paper, we propose a static approach for mining JavaScript type specifications automatically. We gather the usage information of return values and parameters statically, and infer types of return values based their usages, by identifying a known type which they are used most likely to be, and infer parameters by identifying the most used parameters. We evaluate the approach on the homepages of Alexa top 1000 websites, the experimental results show that our approach can gain high precision. Our case study on jQuery shows that our approach gains high precision and reasonable recall on jQuery, and we can use our inferred API type specifications to detect 2 jQuery misusage errors in real-world web sites, and 1 missing type error in jQuery documentations.
Strength Asymmetry of Twinned Copper Nanowires under Tension and Compression

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the asymmetrical yield strength of twinned copper nanowires under tension and compression. The simulation results show that the strength of nanowires depends on loading conditions, morphologies, and twin spacing. Under tensile loading condition the Schmidt factor of the leading partial is larger than that under compression. Effectively, the yield strength under tension is smaller than that under compression. When the cross-section is circular in morphology, dislocation nucleation requires larger stress, and the asymmetry of yield strength depends on the nucleation stress. When the cross section is square in morphology, dislocation nucleation requires smaller stress, and the asymmetry of yield strength depends on the stress of penetrating twin boundaries. Keyword: Nanowire, twin, strength, dislocation, simulation
Emotional element detection and tendency judgment based on mixed model with deep features

With the rapid development of B2C e-commerce and the popularity of online shopping, the Web storages huge number of product reviews comment by customers. Product reviews contain subjective feelings of customers who have used some products, more and more customers browse a large number of online reviews in order to know other customers word-of-mouth of product and service to make an informed choice. Manufacturers also need accurate user feedback from product reviews to improve their goods. However, a large number of reviews made it difficult for manufacturers or potential customers to track the comments and suggestions that customers made. This paper presents a method for extracting emotional elements containing emotional objects and emotional words and their tendencies from product reviews based on mixed model. First we constructed conditional random fields (CRFs) to extract emotional elements, lead-in semantic and word meaning as features to improve the robustness of feature template and used rules for hierarchical filtering errors. Then we constructed support vector machine (SVM) to classify the emotional tendency of the fine-grained elements to achieve key information from product reviews. Deep semantic information imported based on neural network (NN) to improve the traditional bag of word model. Experimental results show that the proposed model with deep features efficiently improved the F-Measure.
Demographic factors, mental health problems, and psychosocial resources influence women's AIDS risk

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine how depressive mood, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, self-efficacy, and social support are associated with HIV risk behaviors. Participants were sexually active women (N = 1488) recruited when attending gynecological consultations in primary care settings. Standardized questionnaires were administered to assess for depressive mood, abuse/assault-related PTSD, social support, self-efficacy, stress, and sexual risk behavior. The resulting association models showed that demographic factors, mental health problems, and resources are associated with sexual risk behavior. Detecting and treating mental health problems and interventions that bolster women's psychosocial resources are warranted.