Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of QCT and DXA: Osteoporosis Detection Rates in Postmenopausal Women

Objective. To compare the osteoporosis detection rates in postmenopausal women when measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in the spine versus dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the spine and hip and to investigate the reasons for the discrepancy between the two techniques. Methods. Spinal volumetric BMD was measured with QCT, and areal spinal and hip BMDs were measured with DXA in 140 postmenopausal women. We calculated the osteoporosis detection rate for the two methods. Lumbar CT images of patients who had a discrepancy between QCT and DXA findings were reviewed to evaluate vertebral fractures, spinal degeneration, and abdominal aortic calcification. Results. For the entire 140 patients, the detection rate was 17.1% for DXA and 46.4% for QCT, a significant difference (P < 0.01). Of the 41 patients with conflicting diagnoses, 7 whose diagnosis by QCT was osteoporosis had vertebral fractures even though their DXA findings did not indicate osteoporosis. Varying degrees of spinal degeneration were seen in all of the 41 patients. Conclusion. QCT may avoid the overestimation of BMD by DXA associated with spinal degeneration, abdominal aortic calcification, and other sclerotic lesions. It may be more sensitive than DXA for detecting osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Fragebogen zur Analyse Motivationaler Schemata (FAMOS)

Zusammenfassung. Die Studie berichtet uber die Konstruktion und psychometrische Uberprufung eines Fragebogens zur Analyse Motivationaler Schemata (FAMOS). Der FAMOS erhebt motivationale Ziele von Psychotherapiepatienten im Selbstbericht und im Fremdbericht durch deren Therapeuten. Motivationale Ziele werden als die zentralen Komponenten Motivationaler Schemata aufgefasst. Sie lassen sich in Annaherungs- und Vermeidungsziele untergliedern. Hauptziel bei der Konstruktion war die klinische Validitat des Messinstrumentes. Aus einer grossen Anzahl klinischer Fallkonzeptionen wurde in zwei Vorstudien ein erster Itemsatz mit motivationalen Zielen generiert. Dieser wurde 786 Patienten, Therapeuten und Normalen vorgegeben und einer teststatistischen Analyse unterzogen. Der revidierte Itemsatz wurde einer zweiten Stichprobe von 562 Patienten, Therapeuten und Normalen vorgegeben. Hauptkomponentenanalysen ergaben 14 Skalen fur Annaherungsziele und 9 Skalen fur Vermeidungsziele. Die interne Konsistenz der Skalen erwie.
Immunosuppressive therapy and infection after kidney transplantation

J. Fortun, P. Martin‐Davila, J. Pascual, C. Cervera, A. Moreno, J. Gavalda, J.M. Aguado, P. Pereira, M. Gurguí, J. Carratala, M. Fogueda, M. Montejo, F. Blasco, G. Bou, J. Torre‐Cisneros; RESITRA Transplant Network. Immunosuppressive therapy and infection after kidney transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2010: 12: 397–405. All rights reserved
Analysis and design of injection-locked LC dividers for quadrature generation

Injection-locked LC dividers for low-power quadrature generation are discussed in this paper. Modeling the circuits as regenerative frequency dividers leads to very simple analytical expressions for the locking band, phase deviation from quadrature and phase noise. Maximizing the ratio between the injected and the biasing current is beneficial to all the above parameters whereas reducing the tank quality factor improves locking band and quadrature accuracy, though at the expense of current consumption, for given output amplitude. To validate the theory, experiments have been carried on a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS direct conversion IC, embedding an injection-locked quadrature generator, realized for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Frequency locking range as large as 24% and phase deviation from quadrature around 0.8/spl deg/ are measured while each divider consumes 2 mA. The phase noise of the quadrature generator is determined by the driving oscillator phase noise because the dividers contribution is easily made negligible up to hundreds of megahertz offset.
Oxidative stress and inflammation response after nanoparticle exposure: differences between human lung cell monocultures and an advanced three-dimensional model of the human epithelial airways

Combustion-derived and manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are known to provoke oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in human lung cells; therefore, they play an important role during the development of adverse health effects. As the lungs are composed of more than 40 different cell types, it is of particular interest to perform toxicological studies with co-cultures systems, rather than with monocultures of only one cell type, to gain a better understanding of complex cellular reactions upon exposure to toxic substances. Monocultures of A549 human epithelial lung cells, human monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) as well as triple cell co-cultures consisting of all three cell types were exposed to combustion-derived NPs (diesel exhaust particles) and to manufactured NPs (titanium dioxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes). The penetration of particles into cells was analysed by transmission electron microscopy. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 were quantified. The results of the monocultures were summed with an adjustment for the number of each single cell type in the triple cell co-culture. All three particle types were found in all cell and culture types. The production of ROS was induced by all particle types in all cell cultures except in monocultures of MDDCs. The TAC and the (pro-)inflammatory reactions were not statistically significantly increased by particle exposure in any of the cell cultures. Interestingly, in the triple cell co-cultures, the TAC and IL-8 concentrations were lower and the TNF-α concentrations were higher than the expected values calculated from the monocultures. The interplay of different lung cell types seems to substantially modulate the oxidative stress and the inflammatory responses after NP exposure.
Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Cognition

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of airflow cessation resulting in brief arousals and intermittent hypoxemia. Several studies have documented significant daytime cognitive and behavioral dysfunction that seems to extend beyond that associated with simple sleepiness and that persists in some patients after therapeutic intervention. A still unanswered question is whether cognitive symptoms in OSA are primarily a consequence of sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, or whether they coexist independently from OSA. Moreover, very little is known about OSA effects on cognitive performances in the elderly in whom an increased prevalence of OSA is present. In this review we will consider recent reports in the association between sleep apnea and cognition, with specific interest in elderly subjects, in whom sleep disturbances and age-related cognitive decline naturally occur. This will allow us to elucidate the behavioral and cognitive functions in OSA patients and to gain insight into age differences in the cognitive impairment. Clinically, these outcomes will aid clinicians in the evaluation of diurnal consequences of OSA and the need to propose early treatment.
The Novel Imidazopyridine BYK191023 is a Highly Selective Inhibitor of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

We have identified imidazopyridine derivatives as a novel class of NO-synthase inhibitors with high selectivity for the inducible isoform. BYK191023 showed half-maximal inhibition of crudely purified human inducible, neuronal and endothelial NO-synthases at 86 nM, 17 µM and 162 µM, respectively. Inhibition of inducible NO-synthase was competitive with L-arginine, pointing to an interaction of BYK191023 with the catalytic centre of the enzyme. In radioligand and surface plasma resonance experiments BYK191023 exhibited an affinity for iNOS, nNOS and eNOS of 450 nM, 30 µM and >500 µM respectively. Inhibition of cellular NO X -synthesis in RAW, RM-and HEK293 cells after iNOS induction showed 40-to 100-fold higher IC 50 -values than at the isolated enzyme, in agreement with the much higher L-arginine concentrations in cell culture media and inside intact cells. BYK191023 did not show any toxicity in various rodent and human cell lines up to high micromolar concentrations. The inhibitory potency of BYK191023 was tested in isolated organ models of iNOS (LPS treated and phenylephrine precontracted rat aorta; IC 50 : 7 µM), eNOS (APE induced relaxation of phenylephrine precontracted rat aorta; IC 50 > 100 µM) and nNOS (field stimulated relaxation of phenylephrine precontracted rabbit corpus cavernosum; IC 50 > 100 µM). These data confirm the high selectivity of BYK191023 for iNOS over e-and nNOS found at isolated enzymes. All together we have identified a new highly selective iNOS-inhibitor structurally unrelated to known compounds and L-arginine. BYK191023 is a valuable tool for the investigation of iNOS mediated effects in vitro and in vivo .
Min-Uncertainty & Max-Certainty Criteria of Neighborhood Rough-Mutual Feature Selection

Feature Selection (FS) is viewed as an important preprocessing step for pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. Most existing FS methods based on rough set theory use the dependency function for evaluating the goodness of a feature subset. However, these FS methods may unsuccessfully be applied on dataset with noise, which determine only information from a positive region but neglect a boundary region. This paper proposes a criterion of the maximal lower approximation information (Max-Certainty) and minimal boundary region information (Min-Uncertainty), based on neighborhood rough set and mutual information for evaluating the goodness of a feature subset. We combine this proposed criterion with neighborhood rough set, which is directly applicable to numerical and heterogeneous features, without involving a discretization of numerical features. Comparing it with the rough set based approaches, our proposed method improves accuracy over various experimental data sets. Experimental results illustrate that much valuable information can be extracted by using this idea. This proposed technique is demonstrated on discrete, continuous, and heterogeneous data, and is compared with other FS methods in terms of subset size and classification accuracy.
Tax Compliance Costs

As documented by empirical research, tax compliance costs are a considerable burden for households and businesses. However, cost estimates may be biased due to survey nonresponse and questionnaire framing effects. Investigating both aspects, we do not find significant evidence for a nonresponse bias. By contrast, our results indicate that framing effects regarding the temporal dimension of cost measurement (temporal framing effects) might alter cost estimates by about 39 percent downward (65 percent upward) on average and by up to 53 percent downward (respectively, 112 percent upward) for small businesses. We also test a number of cost drivers with a focus on e-government features. We do not find any evidence that the use of Belgian e-government applications in 2002 and 2004 significantly reduced compliance costs.
Oracle, where shall I submit my papers?

Introduction In April 2005, a group of MIT students pulled prank [1] on the conference – “World MultiConference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI)” [10] – known for sending unsolicited invitation emails to people in academia. The MIT students used software to generate bogus research papers, complete with context-free grammar, and submitted two of them to the conference. To their surprise, one of the gibberish papers was accepted without any reviews. The event received much attention, being covered in various media (e.g., [6]), and has became an amusing topic for debate among scientists.
Extraction of Correlated Gene Clusters from Multiple Graph Structures: Application

Many biological processes in the living organism can be expressed as a network of molecular interactions. Ogata et al. developed a method to extract similar subgraphs between two graphs (networks) [2]. They defined the subgraph similarity as a correlated cluster. This method, named SIMIC, is devised for the purpose of detecting correlated gene clusters without taking the topology of the network into consideration. Furthermore, Nakaya et al. developed a method to compare an arbitrary number of networks by extending the SIMIC algorithm [1]. This method can be applied to various networks that can be denoted by a set of binary relations, such as gene orders in the genome, molecular interactions, gene sequence similarities, protein structural similarities and coregulation of gene expressions. Especially, the data on large scale gene expression profiles by DNA chips and microarrays is likely to contain the information that can be uncovered by this method in the view of the post-genome analysis of connecting unknown genes to known genes. In this study, we report an actual application of the method to several kinds of real biological data sets.
Allosteric Activation of Trypanosomatid Deoxyhypusine Synthase by a Catalytically Dead Paralog

Background: Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the spermidine-dependent modification of translation factor eIF5A. Results: Trypanosomatid DHS activity is increased 3000-fold by heterotetramer formation with a catalytically dead paralog, and both gene products are essential for parasite growth. Conclusion: Trypanosomatid DHS is a complex between catalytically impaired and inactive DHS subunits. Significance: This activation mechanism uniquely evolved for two independent enzymes within the trypanosomatid polyamine pathway. Polyamine biosynthesis is a key drug target in African trypanosomes. The “resurrection drug” eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine), which is used clinically to treat human African trypanosomiasis, inhibits the first step in polyamine (spermidine) biosynthesis, a highly regulated pathway in most eukaryotic cells. Previously, we showed that activity of a key trypanosomatid spermidine biosynthetic enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, is regulated by heterodimer formation with a catalytically dead paralog (a prozyme). Here, we describe an expansion of this prozyme paradigm to the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase, which is required for spermidine-dependent hypusine modification of a lysine residue in the essential translation factor eIF5A. Trypanosoma brucei encodes two deoxyhypusine synthase paralogs, one that is catalytically functional but grossly impaired, and the other is inactive. Co-expression in Escherichia coli results in heterotetramer formation with a 3000-fold increase in enzyme activity. This functional complex is also present in T. brucei, and conditional knock-out studies indicate that both DHS genes are essential for in vitro growth and infectivity in mice. The recurrent evolution of paralogous, catalytically dead enzyme-based activating mechanisms may be a consequence of the unusual gene expression in the parasites, which lack transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest that this mechanism may be more widely used by trypanosomatids to control enzyme activity and ultimately influence pathogenesis than currently appreciated.
Chapter II: Mental Hygiene in Family Life

D URING the past three years there has been a definite trend toward greater emphasis on the environment as a factor in mental hygiene. Examples of this trend may be noted in several areas of family life, in the research relating to nutrition, feeding, and food problems, in the studies which have dealt with many aspects of child care, and in several attempts to ininvestigate the relationship between mental health and general home conditions.
Group Therapy as a Means of Learning About the Sexually Assaultive Adolescent

This paper attempts to show that traditional methods of gathering information are inadequate with regard to the adolescent sex offender. A new approach to learning about this type of individual is described which relies on self-disclosure in a group therapy context. Case illustrations are provided which suggest that group therapy generates information which is dramatically different from what is usually obtained by means of the individual interview, police report, or victim survey.
Size variation of the M protein in group A streptococci

In addition to the type-specific antigenic variation that is a well- known characteristic for the group A streptococcal M protein, we have now found that the M molecules vary with respect to their molecular size, both between M types and within an M type. By the use of an M6 monoclonal antibody, which crossreacts with 20 different M protein types, and antibodies to the N-acetyl glucosamine determinant of the cell wall, we have been able to identify the M protein molecules released from the streptococcal cell wall with muralytic enzymes, particularly group C phage-associated lysin. Immunoblot analysis of the cell extract identified M protein molecules bound to various cell wall fragments, suggesting a peptidoglycan linkage for the M molecule. M protein extracted from 20 different streptococcal serotypes revealed size variations from 41,000 to 80,000 in molecular weight. This extreme variation is unusual for related proteins. Similar size variations in the M molecule were also found in random clinical isolates of type 6 streptococci. No size change was seen in M6 protein isolated from: (a) strains within a limited epidemic, (b) a strain passaged in mice 192 times, and (c) a strain passaged in the laboratory for 156 generations, suggesting that the observed variation is not a rapid process. The results indicate that, within the broad limits observed in this study, the size of the M protein may not be critical to the antiphagocytic activity of the molecule.
Dynamic MicroRNA Gene Transcription and Processing during T Cell Development

By disrupting microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, we previously showed that this pathway is critical for the differentiation and function of T cells. Although various cloning studies have shown that many miRNAs are expressed during T cell development, and in a dynamic manner, it was unclear how comprehensive these earlier analyses were. We therefore decided to profile miRNA expression by next generation sequencing. Furthermore, we profiled miRNA expression starting from the hematopoietic stem cell. This analysis revealed that miRNA expression during T cell development is extremely dynamic, with 645 miRNAs sequenced, and the expression of some varying by as much as 3 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, changes in precursor processing led to altered mature miRNA sequences. We also analyzed the structures of the primary miRNA transcripts expressed in T cells and found that many were extremely long. The longest was pri–mir-29b-1/29a at ∼168 kb. All the long pri-miRNAs also displayed extensive splicing. Our findings indicate that miRNA expression during T cell development is both a highly dynamic and a highly regulated process.
Broadband class-E power amplifier for space radar application

We report on a broadband high efficiency power amplifier using Indium Phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The amplifier demonstrated a record bandwidth for a class-E power amplifier at X-band. This circuit achieved 49-58% PAE, 18.5-23.9 dBm output power, and 9.6-10.5 dB gain across 9-11 GHz.
The Importance of Understanding Error in Lidar Digital Elevation Models

© 2004 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved. The paper presents the results of an accuracy analysis of a number of gridded Digital Surface Models (DSMs) which have been created from first return laser scanning (LiDAR) data. DSMs are created using a variety of methods, and differences between the models and the raw LiDAR data are quantified and the spatial patterns of the errors explored. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the importance of understanding not only the global accuracy of elevation models, but also the location and magnitude of individual errors which are created during DSM creation. Results to date indicate that errors of up to 1m can be created by using different techniques, and that these errors will affect the results of any subsequent analysis. This investigation highlights the importance for both data suppliers and data users to better understand errors which are created within digital elevation models and incorporated within any subsequent analysis.
Forgiveness and Revenge: The Conflicting Needs of Dependents and Self-Critics in Relationships

The ability to forgive in the face of conflict is an important part of maintaining relationships, particularly for individuals with dependent and self-critical personality styles who can become depressed in response to interpersonal stress. This research examined the forgiveness process in relation to these personality styles in two separate studies. Study 1 was a nonexperimental retrospective study in a community sample of adults. Study 2 was an experimental study involving the manipulation of a transgression and relationship threat within the laboratory. The results of both studies confirmed a predicted 3-way interaction between self-criticism, dependency, and relationship threat on forgiveness and revenge. Specifically, self-critics who were low in dependency were more vengeful and less forgiving when their relationship was threatened. However, self critics who were also higher in dependency were more forgiving and less vengeful after experiencing a relationship threatening transgression. Results showe.
Success in Science Among Young African American Women

A conceptual framework that integrates critical gender theory and a multicultural approach is used to examine young African American women's experiences in high school science. Research reveals considerable success for these young women. The multicultural approach suggests that the unique history and culture of African American families may play a critical role. Quantitative and qualitative data are used to explore the family's role in the science attainment process. Findings show that these young women feel less welcome in science than do young White women. However, their interest and involvement in science persist because of the family. Both mother's and father's influence is important. Although family variables are associated with success in science in the quantitative data, not all young women acknowledge or verbalize their awareness of this influence in the qualitative data. Instead, the young women often see their actions as independent. Implications of these findings for science programs and policies are suggested.
Nonlinear, Biophysically-Informed Speech Pathology Detection

This paper reports a simple nonlinear approach to online acoustic speech pathology detection for automatic screening purposes. Straightforward linear preprocessing followed by two nonlinear measures, based parsimoniously upon the biophysics of speech production, combined with subsequent linear classification, achieves an overall normal/pathological detection performance of 91.4%, and over 99% with rejection of 15% ambiguous cases. This compares favourably with more complex, computationally intensive methods based on a large number of linear and other measures. This demonstrates that nonlinear approaches to speech pathology detection, informed by biophysics, can be both simple and robust, and are amenable to implementation as online algorithms