Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low- and high-frequency membrane potential oscillations during theta activity in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia.

1. Intracellularly recorded low- and high-frequency (4-6 and 25-50 Hz, respectively), rhythmic, spontaneous membrane potential oscillations were investigated in pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus in vivo, during theta (theta, 4-6 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. 2. The EEG activity showed two spectral peaks, one in the theta range, the other at higher frequencies (25-50 Hz). On the basis of their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties, it was concluded that the EEG theta-waves, and the fast EEG rhythm, recorded during ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, share the basic properties of those theta and fast rhythms that are recorded under the effects of other types of anesthetics. 3. When intracellular recordings (n = 32) were made with electrodes filled with potassium-acetate (K-acetate), the only CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs) considered for further analysis were those that did not fire rhythmically at most or each cycle of the theta rhythm at the resting membrane potential. During EEG-theta, the membrane potential (Vm) of these cells showed a prominent oscillation (3-15 mV) with frequencies similar to those of the EEG-theta (the intracellular theta rhythm, intra-theta). 4. The frequency of the intra-theta was independent of the Vm. However, the phase difference between the intra-theta and the EEG-theta was voltage dependent in both types of cells. CA1 PCs showed a large (120-180 degrees, where 360 degrees is the full cycle), gradual shift in the phase difference between the intra-theta and the EEG-theta, when the membrane was hyperpolarized to -85 from -65 mV. Although CA3 PCs displayed a larger variability in their phase-voltage relations, a voltage-dependent phase shift (90-180 degrees) could be observed in CA3 PCs as well. 5. Although the amplitude of the intra-theta in both CA1 and CA3 PCs could display large, sudden, spontaneous changes at a given Vm, the amplitude-Vm plots tended to show a minimum between -70 and -80 mV. Spontaneous changes in the amplitude of the intra-theta did not affect the phase difference between the intra- and the EEG-theta rhythms. 6. Intracellular injection of QX-314 (50-100 mM) did not change the phase-Vm or the amplitude-Vm relationships of CA1 PCs. 7. Intracellular injection of chloride (Cl-) ions greatly reduced the voltage dependency of the phase difference and revealed fast (duration: 20-25 ms), depolarizing potentials (5-20 mV), which appeared at high frequencies (25-50 Hz), amplitude modulated at theta-frequencies. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Natural Computing Techniques for Data Clustering and Image Segmentation

This paper presents innovative ways to solve data clustering and image segmentation using Natural computing, a novel approach to solve real life problems inspired in the life. Evolutionary Computing, which is based on the concepts of the evolutionary biology and individual-to-population adaptation, and Swarm Intelligence, which is inspired in the behavior of individuals that, in group, try to achieve better results for a complex optimization problem, are detailed and very experimental results present a comparison between algorithms' implementations.
A Novel Method for the Distortion Modification of Camera Lens

Lens distortion is one of the main factors affecting camera calibration. To improve the accuracy of calibrating camera, a new approach to modify the lens distortion is proposed. Based on Brown model and pinhole imaging principle, the measurement model of the incident angle is built. The sensibilities of different distortion coefficients in the expression of incident angle are analyzed using Monte Carlo method. According to the analytical results, all the coefficients are united into one vector with different proportion, which greatly simplifies the least squares iterative algorithm that is widely applied to the distortion modification. After analyzing the process of iterative optimization, the experiments of measuring the incident angle are carried out and the distortion coefficients are obtained by iterative optimization. The experiments demonstrate the linearity of the incident angle is enhanced greatly through distortion modification with these coefficients. The repetitiveness of the modification effect is also proved well.
Daisies on the Road

In this article, the authors trace the possible political potential of their post-modernist, feminist approach to life story research with people with the label of “learning difficulties. ” As a self-advocate with an ally, they define tagging along with each other as discovery science. The authors reflect on how they openly and critically write themselves into their life (story) as subjects in dialogue, which makes the driving force to negotiate openness, expose hegemonic power arrangements and inherent silences, highlight secrets of oppression and resistance, and revalue knowledge that risks being disqualified in current social sciences. To be able to do so, and to recognize activism, the authors reveal their choice to creatively apply a variety of research methodologies. Finally, they attempt to rethink and refine conceptualizations that pervade current theoretical developments in disability studies.
What Is the Current Truth About Polygraph Lie Detection?

With reference to the continued debate about polygraph lie detection, this article applies standard criteria of scientific validity to the most common and influential polygraph procedure, the Control Question Test (CQT). Apart from the CQT's coding objectivity, which is satisfactory, the remaining validity criteria are neither met nor even tested seriously. Published evidence does not allow for item analyses and therefore does not speak to internal consistency and the assumed existence and invariance of the measured construct. The underlying decision model remains unspecified and untested, reflecting lack of construct validity. Optimistic estimates of the CQT's predictive validity suffer from a serious sampling-bias problem. And the notion of incremental validity is hardly considered at all. Due to ethical and professional reasons, it is argued that a fair and responsible appraisal of polygraph testing should clearly reveal this lack of validity, rather than seeking a 2-sided compromise. This article is based on a review that led a German Supreme Court to abandon the CQT from penal procedures.
EFFICIENT OFF-LINE SOLUTIONS TO ROBUST MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL USING ORTHOGONAL PARTITIONING

Abstract The main limitation of many robust model predictive control (MPC) schemes is the formidable real-time computational complexity. In this paper, a new algorithm for computing efficient approximate solutions to the min-max MPC problem for discrete-time polytopic systems is proposed. It is shown that the resulting control profile is, in fact, piecewise affine (PWA) defined on an orthogonal partition of the state space. This explicit structure is exploited for efficient real-time implementation via binary search trees. Conditions for robust exponential stability of the closed-loop system can be derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints.
As his name indicates : R. S. Woodworth's letters of reference and employment for Jewish psychologists in the 1930s

Letters of reference from Robert S. Woodworth identified some psychologists as Jews and reveal an implicit stereotype of Jewish “objectionable traits. ” I examine these conceptions of “Jewish character” in the context of Woodworth's general views on individual differences and in the broader context of Jewish immigration to America and enrollment at Columbia University in the early 1900s. Constructing the exclusion of Jews from academic psychology in terms of the personality and social behavior of the individual and dividing of Jews into “acceptable” and “unacceptable” allowed for a face-saving gloss on the generally antisemitic hiring practices in 1930s American academia.
Trillions of comparable documents

We propose a novel multilingual Web crawler and sentence mining system to con inuously mine and extract parallel sentences from trillions of websites, unconstrained by domain or url structures, or public ation dates. The system is divided into three main modules, namely Web crawler, comparable and parallel website matching and para llel sentence extraction. Previous methods in mining parallel sentences from the Web focus on specific websites, such as newspape r agencies, or sites sharing the same URL parents. The output of these previous systems are limited in scope and static in nature. As the Web is boundless and growing, we propose to continuously crawl the Web and update the pool of parallel sentences extracted. One mai objective of our work is to improve statistical machine translation systems. Another objective is to take advantage of the heteroge n ous website documents to discover parallel sentences in henceforth undiscovered domains and genres, such as user gener ated content. We investigate a host of recall-oriented vs precisionoriented algorithms for comparable and parallel document matching, as well as parallel sentence extraction. In the future, this system can be extended to mine other monolingual or bilingual linguistic resources from the Web.
Foster Care Youth Share Stories of Trauma Before, During, and After Placement: Youth Voices for Building Trauma-Informed Systems of Care

Many research studies address child trauma experiences that take place before foster care placement. However, few studies focus on the types and patterns of trauma experiences that reportedly take place during and after foster care placement; that is, after entry into adult living. This study examined the testimony of 43 foster care youth who spoke to a listening panel comprised of state legislators, child welfare professionals, and university educators. Qualitative analyses of transcribed text data revealed 3 main themes. First, the youth reported experiencing trauma before, during, and after placement. Second, the youth described trauma events and situations that were chronic (i.e., intense, composite, or cumulative). Third, youth offered suggestions for reducing traumatic experiences for foster care youth. They recommended earlier family interventions, access to people who listen and care, improved parenting skills for foster parents, continuity of relationships, and opportunities for leadership for foster youth. Foster youth voices offer important suggestions for building, strengthening, and evaluating trauma-informed systems of care.
Confronting Educational Politics with Preservice Teachers: Reactions to Waiting for Superman

Within the literature on teacher education in the United States, relatively little research has been conducted on how preservice teachers conceptualize popular depictions of the profession or issues related to the “extended professionality” of teaching. In this study, the authors explore the reactions of elementary, middle, and secondary preservice teachers to Waiting for Superman, a controversial 2010 documentary about the American public education system, as an example of focused and deliberate engagement with aspects of teacher professionalism. Using surveys and focus group discussions, the authors sought to determine the effectiveness of Waiting for Superman in fostering student interest and engagement with issues related to the extended professionality of teaching. The findings from this study illuminate a need for broaching issues of extended professionality within teacher education programs as well as offer implications for the use of documentary films as a catalyst for discussions of issues related to the profession.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced growth inhibition of PC‐3 prostate cancer cells requires an active transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway

Prostate cancer growth inhibition by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is best characterized in the androgen dependent LNCaP cell line, where treatment with this hormone causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 1,25(OH)2D3 also inhibits the growth of PC‐3 prostate cancer cells, but not through the induction of G1 arrest or apoptosis. In this study, we have sought to elucidate the mechanism/s involved in PC‐3 cell growth inhibition by 1,25(OH)2D3.
Neurological evaluation of untreated human immunodeficiency virus infected adults in Ethiopia

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated in neurological complications in developed countries. Developing countries have different viral clades and potentially different genetic and social risks for these complications. Baseline neurological performance measures associated with HIV infection have rarely been available from developing countries. The authors carried our a cross-sectional neurological evaluation of a cohort of community-dwelling treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients and similar control subjects from the same communities in Ethiopia. Blinded evaluation using standardized structured questionnaires and a neurological examination was performed by neurologists and treating physicians trained by an HIV neurology specialist. Quantitative performance measures for cognitive and motor function were employed. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods, standard contingency table methods, and nonparametric methods. HIV-positive and control groups were similar by age, gender, and job site. Participants included 73 HIV-positive and 87 HIV-negative controls. Fingertapping speed in the dominant hand was more poorly performed in HIV positives than negatives (P = .01) and was significantly associated with HIV viral load levels (P = .03). Other quantitative neuropsychiatric tests including timed gait, grooved peg-board, task learning, and animal naming did not show significant differences between the two groups. The overall prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS) disease did not significantly differ in the two populations. HIV patients had slowed fingertapping speed correlating with viral load. Other measures of CNS and/or peripheral nervous performance did not differ from controls. The unanticipated minor evidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive and peripheral nerve deficits in this untreated HIV-positive population invite further investigation.
Stepping Back from the Gate: Online Newspaper Editors and the Co-Production of Content in Campaign 2004

In their coverage of the 2004 political campaign, editors of Web sites affiliated with major U.S. newspapers continued to emphasize their role as providers of credible information. But they moved toward seeing that information less as an end product than as a basis for user engagement, participation, and personalization. This study, which builds on a similar study conducted after the 2000 election, suggests journalists may be taking steps toward reshaping their gatekeeping role to accommodate the interactive nature of the Internet.
Application-specific modelling of information routing in wireless sensor networks

Sensor network applications have a diverse set of requirements - some involve extraction of sensor data to a single point, others exploit sensor-to-sensor communication; some employ long-lasting data streams while connections in others are mainly ephemeral. Different variants of the directed diffusion routing protocol - pull-based, push-based and hybrid rendezvous-based - have been developed, along with in-network processing and geographic routing techniques. We mathematically model and analyze the performance of these routing techniques across a range of application scenarios (with varying numbers of nodes, sources, sinks, data settings etc.). Besides quantifying the conditions under which the different routing algorithms outperform each other, we obtain a number of useful design insights. Our analysis shows that algorithms mismatched to applications can result in drastically poor performance; demonstrates the desirability of reducing flooded interest and exploratory messages when data aggregation is used; and suggests that it may be difficult to implement efficient hybrid schemes because their performance is very sensitive to the optimal placement of rendezvous points.
FUEL CONSUMPTION DUE TO SHAFT POWER OFF-TAKES FROM THE ENGINE

This paper looks at fuel consumption due to shaft power off-takes from the engine and the related increase in the aircraft’s fuel consumption. It presents a review and comparison of published and unpublished data on this kind of consumption. The paper presents results from the TURBOMATCH engine simulation model, calibrated to real world engine data. A generic equation is derived for the calculation of fuel consumption due to shaft power extraction. Main result is the shaft power factor kP found to be in the order of 0.002 N/W for a typical cruise flight. This yields an amazingly high efficiency for power generation by shaft power extraction from a turbo fan engine of more than 70 %.
The Importance of Randomized Field Trials

This article lays out five standards for judging the importance of randomized field trials in estimating the relative effects of new programs and new variations on existing programs. These standards include contemporary evaluation policy, the historical development of trials in diverse sciences, ethics, normative practice, and the credibility of alternative approaches to estimating the effects of programs or variations. Empirical evidence and a line of reasoning bearing on each standard are made plain.
Pronounced population genetic differentiation in the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Abstract The population genetic structure of the rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) along the coastal waters of China was estimated based on three mtDNA fragments (D-loop, COI, and Cytb). A total of 112 polymorphic sites were checked, which defined 63 haplotypes. A pattern with high levels of haplotype diversity (hCOI = 0.886 ± 0.034, hCytb = 0.874 ± 0.023) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (лCOI = 0.009 ± 0.005, лCytb = 0.006 ± 0.003) was detected based on the COI and Cytb fragments, and high levels of genetic diversity (hD-loop = 0.995 ± 0.007, лD-loop = 0.021 ± 0.011) were detected from the mtDNA D-loop. The population genetic diversity of O. fasciatus in south China was significantly higher than those of north China. Three genealogical clades were checked in the O. fasciatus populations based on the NJ and MST analyses of mtDNA COI gene sequence, and the genetic distances among the clades ranged from 0.018 to 0.025. Significant population genetic differentiation was also checked based on the Fst (0.331, p = 0.000) and exact p (0.000) test analyses. No significant population differentiations were checked based on mtDNA D-loop and Cytb fragments. Using a variety of phylogenetic methods, coalescent reasoning, and molecular dating interpreted in conjunction with paleoclimatic and physiographic evidences, we inferred that the genetic make-up of extant populations of O. fasciatus was shaped by Pleistocene environmental impacts on the historical demography of this species. Coalescent analyses (neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analysis, and Bayesian skyline analyses) showed that the species along coastline of China has experienced population expansions originated in its most recent history at about 169–175 kya before present.
Elements Required for an Efficient NADP-Malic Enzyme Type C4 Photosynthesis1[C][W][OPEN]

A systems model of C4 photosynthesis facilitates studies of C4 photosynthesis to quantitatively evaluate the control of different anatomical and biochemical features over light and nitrogen use efficiencies. C4 photosynthesis has higher light, nitrogen, and water use efficiencies than C3 photosynthesis. Although the basic anatomical, cellular, and biochemical features of C4 photosynthesis are well understood, the quantitative significance of each element of C4 photosynthesis to the high photosynthetic efficiency are not well defined. Here, we addressed this question by developing and using a systems model of C4 photosynthesis, which includes not only the Calvin-Benson cycle, starch synthesis, sucrose synthesis, C4 shuttle, and CO2 leakage, but also photorespiration and metabolite transport between the bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells. The model effectively simulated the CO2 uptake rates, and the changes of metabolite concentrations under varied CO2 and light levels. Analyses show that triose phosphate transport and CO2 leakage can help maintain a high photosynthetic rate by balancing ATP and NADPH amounts in bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells. Finally, we used the model to define the optimal enzyme properties and a blueprint for C4 engineering. As such, this model provides a theoretical framework for guiding C4 engineering and studying C4 photosynthesis in general.
Pollux: towards scalable distributed real-time search on microblogs

The last few years have witnessed a meteoric rise of microblogging platforms, such as Twitter and Tumblr. The sheer volume of the microblog data and its highly dynamic nature present unique technical challenges for the platforms that provide search services. In particular, the search service must provide real-time response to queries, and continuously update the results as new microblogs are posted. Conventional approaches either cannot keep up with the high update rate, or cannot scale well to handle the large volume of data. We propose Pollux, a system that provides distributed real-time indexing and search service on microblogs. It adopts the distributed stream processing paradigm advocated by the recently developed platforms that are designed for real-time processing of large volume of data, such as Apache S4 and Twitter Storm. Although those open-source platforms have found successful applications in production environments, they lack some critical features required for real-time search. In particular: (1) they only implement partial fault tolerance, and do not provide lossless recovery in the event of a node failure, and (2) they do not have a facility for storing global data, which is necessary in efficiently ranking search results. Addressing those problems, Pollux extends current platforms in two important ways. First, we propose a failover strategy that can ensure high system availability and no data/state loss in the event of a node failure. Second, Pollux adds a global storage facility that supports convenient, efficient, and reliable data storage for shared data. We describe how to apply Pollux to the task of real-time search. We implement Pollux based on Apache S4, and show through extensive experiments on a Twitter dataset that the proposed solutions are effective, and Pollux can achieve excellent scalability.
Jonathan Z. Smith's theory of ritual space

Abstract Jonathan Z. Smith's theory of ritual is influential in the field of religious studies. The theory is essentially spatial, rendering place determinative of sacrality and emphasising the incongruity between ritualised and nonritualised domains. I offer a critique of Smith's theory, showing how an extreme emphasis on place and placement distorts our view of ritual. Although I call attention to the ‘actional’ dimension, I argue for a theory of ritual that emphasises its multidimensionality.