Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient distributed algorithm for computing minimal hitting sets

Computing minimal hitting sets for a collection of sets is an important problem in many domains (e.g., Spectrum-based Fault Localization). Being an NP-Hard problem, exhaustive algorithms are usually prohibitive for real-world, often large, problems. In practice, the usage of heuristic based approaches trade-off completeness for time efficiency. An example of such heuristic approaches is STACCATO, which was proposed in the context of reasoning-based fault localization. In this paper, we propose an efficient distributed algorithm, dubbed MHS2, that renders the sequential search algorithm STACCATO suitable to distributed, Map-Reduce environments. The results show that MHS2 scales to larger systems (when compared to STACCATO), while entailing either marginal or small run time overhead.
Experimental Investigation into Alignment-based Acoustic Confidence Measures in Keyword Verification for Mandarin Speech

This paper introduces the methods to verify keyword hypothesis using alignment information, which can be easily implemented and integrated into the keyword spotting system in a straightforward way. Acquiring alignment information goes without any extra model training, and has no evident total processing time impact on original keyword spotting system. Different alignment-based confidence measures are evaluate using ROC curves. In addition, we introduce a novel evaluation metric, Confidence Error Cost Function (CECF), which improves upon Confidence Error Rate (CER). It is more general than CER since it takes different cost weights of FA and FR into consideration. We present the result of experiments aiming at assessing the quality and the limitations of different confidence measures and find out that the combination of minimum alignment cost and state duration normalized posterior probability gives the best performance.
Running hard to stand still: Communication and information technology within social work training

Recent years have seen rapid technological changes and these have impacted on social work and social work education. Social work educators struggle to keep pace with these changes. Drawing on the author's own experience, this article outlines some key resources that are available to social work educators and students, reflects on the role of 'Communication and Information Technology' within the social work curriculum, and looks towards future developments in relation to online learning.
Towards a pragmatic approach: a critical examination of two assumptions of indigenization discourse

The current discourse of indigenization has been dominated by a normative approach that puts culture and social work values at the centre of discussions of social work's transference ‘from the West to the rest’. Taking a social constructionist perspective, this article argues that we need to critically examine some underlying assumptions of this normative approach, which may have led to misunderstandings of indigenization. The pragmatic approach, which I suggest as an alternative, views indigenization as a process in which various actors with various cultural lenses select the components of Western social work that can be integrated with, or replace, existing local social care practices. The purpose of this integration and replacement is to better serve the needs of the receiving society and its people.
A multilevel model framework for meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes.

In this paper we explore the potential of multilevel models for meta-analysis of trials with binary outcomes for both summary data, such as log-odds ratios, and individual patient data. Conventional fixed effect and random effects models are put into a multilevel model framework, which provides maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood estimation. To exemplify the methods, we use the results from 22 trials to prevent respiratory tract infections; we also make comparisons with a second example data set comprising fewer trials. Within summary data methods, confidence intervals for the overall treatment effect and for the between-trial variance may be derived from likelihood based methods or a parametric bootstrap as well as from Wald methods; the bootstrap intervals are preferred because they relax the assumptions required by the other two methods. When modelling individual patient data, a bias corrected bootstrap may be used to provide unbiased estimation and correctly located confidence intervals; this method is particularly valuable for the between-trial variance. The trial effects may be modelled as either fixed or random within individual data models, and we discuss the corresponding assumptions and implications. If random trial effects are used, the covariance between these and the random treatment effects should be included; the resulting model is equivalent to a bivariate approach to meta-analysis. Having implemented these techniques, the flexibility of multilevel modelling may be exploited in facilitating extensions to standard meta-analysis methods.
Leading by Following

This study analyzed how active Twitter users who are also school leaders used the tool. The researchers collaboratively identified K-12 school leaders who were active on Twitter and then collected tweets from those school leaders. The final sample for this study included 115 Twitter users and over 180,000 tweets from those individuals. The results of this study indicated that school leaders overwhelmingly used Twitter for educational purposes and as a way to create communities of practice focused on educational issues.
Neuroanatomical assessment of the impact of negative emotion on implicit memory in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to discriminate the differential brain activation patterns in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls during implicit retrieval tasks with emotionally neutral and unpleasant words. Methods Sixteen patients with OCD (mean age: 31.4±10.1 years) and 16 healthy controls (mean age: 32.6±5.8 years) with no history of neurological or psychiatric illness underwent 3-T fMRI. The stimulation paradigm consisted of the following cycle: rest, encoding of a string of two-syllable words, rest, and retrieval of the previously encoded words with the first consonant omitted. Results During the implicit retrieval task with emotionally neutral words, no distinct brain activity was observed in either the patients with OCD or healthy controls. On the other hand, during the retrieval task with unpleasant words, the patients with OCD showed predominant activity in the superior/middle temporal pole, medial superior frontal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex (uncorrected p<0.001, extent threshold: 30 voxels), whereas the healthy controls did not show any distinct regions of activation. Conclusion This study revealed the differential brain activation patterns between patients with OCD and healthy controls during implicit memory tasks with unpleasant words. Our results suggest that the impact of negative emotion on implicit memory task may be associated with the symptomatology of OCD. This finding may be helpful for understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie implicit memory retrieval, particularly the interaction between emotion and cognition, in patients with OCD.
Supramolecular Chirality in Porphyrin Chemistry

Supramolecular chirality, being an intelligent combination of supramolecular chemistry and chiral science, plays a decisive role in the functioning of various natural assemblies and has attracted much attention from the scientific community, due to different applications in modern technologies, medicine, pharmacology, catalysis and biomimetic research. Porphyrin molecules are of particular interest to study this phenomenon owing to their unique spectral, physico-chemical and synthetic properties. This review highlights the most important types of chiral porphyrin structures by using the best-suited representative examples, which are frequently used in the area of supramolecular chirality.
Permian vegetational Pompeii from Inner Mongolia and its implications for landscape paleoecology and paleobiogeography of Cathaysia

Plant communities of the geologic past can be reconstructed with high fidelity only if they were preserved in place in an instant in time. Here we report such a flora from an early Permian (ca. 298 Ma) ash-fall tuff in Inner Mongolia, a time interval and area where such information is filling a large gap of knowledge. About 1,000 m2 of forest growing on peat could be reconstructed based on the actual location of individual plants. Tree ferns formed a lower canopy and either Cordaites, a coniferophyte, or Sigillaria, a lycopsid, were present as taller trees. Noeggerathiales, an enigmatic and extinct spore-bearing plant group of small trees, is represented by three species that have been found as nearly complete specimens and are presented in reconstructions in their plant community. Landscape heterogenity is apparent, including one site where Noeggerathiales are dominant. This peat-forming flora is also taxonomically distinct from those growing on clastic soils in the same area and during the same time interval. This Permian flora demonstrates both similarities and differences to floras of the same age in Europe and North America and confirms the distinct character of the Cathaysian floral realm. Therefore, this flora will serve as a baseline for the study of other fossil floras in East Asia and the early Permian globally that will be needed for a better understanding of paleoclimate evolution through time.
Inkjet Gene Printing: A Novel Approach to Achieve Gene Modified Cells for Tissue Engineering

Abstract : In this study a novel method of simultaneous gene transfection and cell delivery based on inkjet printing technology is described. Plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were co-printed with living cells (porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells) through the ink cartridge nozzles of modified commercial inkjet printers. Agaorse gel electrophoresis analysis showed there was no obvious structural alteration or damage to these plasmids after printing. Transfection efficiency of the printed cells, determined by GFP expression, was over 10% and post-transfection cell viability was over 90%. We showed that printing conditions, such as plasmid concentration, cartridge model, and plasmid size influenced gene transfection efficiency. Moreover, genetically modified PAE cells were accurately delivered to target sites within a three dimensional fibrin gel scaffold and expressed GFP in vitro and in vivo when implanted into mice. These results demonstrate that inkjet printing technology is able to simultaneously transfect genes into cells as well as precisely deliver these cell populations to target sites. This technology may facilitate the development of effective cell-based therapies by combining gene therapy with living cells that can be delivered to target sites.
Evaluating Dosage Effects in a Social-Emotional Skills Training Program for Children: An Application of Generalized Propensity Scores

ABSTRACT In a study of the Making Choices social-emotional skills training program for children, generalized propensity scores (GPS) were used to estimate treatment effects by dosage. Dosage analyses provide information regarding the optimal amount of exposure to interventions. In addition to applying dosage analysis to an evaluation of the Making Choices program, this article reviews issues encountered during dosage analyses. It introduces GPS methods, a relatively recent development within the family of propensity score methods. Based on data from 267 3rd graders who participated in a trial of Making Choices, intervention effects varied significantly by dosage, with greater social competence demonstrated by children who had higher intervention exposure.
Career Indecision Versus Indecisiveness

The goal of the present study was to investigate the distinctions between career indecision and indecisiveness. The different patterns of the associations between career indecision and indecisiveness, on one hand, and personality traits, career decision-making self-efficacy, perceived social support, and emotional intelligence, on the other, were studied in a sample of 361 university students. The results showed that career indecision, as measured by the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire, is most highly associated with emotional intelligence, whereas career indecisiveness, as measured by the Indecisiveness scale, is most highly associated with personality traits, and in particular with emotional stability. This pattern of results was obtained for both women and men; however, the prediction was stronger for indecision (R 2 = .76 and .55, for women and men, respectively) than indecisiveness (R 2 = .35 and .28, for women than for men, respectively). Possible explanations of these differences are discussed.
Expansion of operating range and improvement of torque response of PMSM drive by using Model Predictive Control

This paper describes expansion of operating range and improvement of torque response of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive by using Model Predictive Control (MPC). Controller based on MPC selects the voltage vector of inverter by predicting and evaluating future states (torcue, current) of PMSM. Proposed torque control system of PMSM based on MPC makes it possible to drive PMSM in overmodulation mode (including rectangular-wave mode) of inverter in addition to linear mode. In this paper, performance of proposed method is shown by simulation that proposed MPC control is compared and evaluated with high gain conventional PI-based vector control about expansion of operating range and improvement of torque response.
AN EXAMINATION OF TRANSFER SHOCK IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES

Numerous studies have revealed that students experience declines in grade point averages (transfer shock) after transferring from 2‐year to 4‐year colleges or universities. The vast majority of these studies have analyzed data collected for a sample or population of 2‐year transfer students without regard to major or discipline. An American Council on Education policy statement on the transfer function (Palmer & Eaton, 1991) has called for research on the academic performance of community college transfer students in specific programs and disciplines. This study investigated whether the transfer shock experienced by a total sample of participants accurately represented the academic performance of discipline‐based groups within the sample. Participants included 100 students who transferred from a community college to Benedictine College over an eight‐semester time period. The sample was divided into five homogeneous groups on the basis of the student's major: business, education, fine arts and humanities, .
Interrogating Researcher Participation in an Interview Study of Intercultural Contribution in the Workplace

As part of a study of intercultural contribution to workplace practices, an interview with Sara, a long-term newcomer to Britain, reveals how her non-Western background has made her a more effective manager despite a sustained feeling of being “foreign. ” However, much of what she says appears to be in response to considerable researcher suggestion that might invalidate the interview. Further analysis of the interview interaction is set within the context of the need to interrogate established scripts about culture, to uncover alternative, tacit understandings, to address creatively the subjectivities of the interview, and to “dig deep. ” The analysis reveals that the researcher’s participation indeed contributes to “getting to the bottom of things” and is validated by there still being space for the autonomous emergence of the unexpected in Sara’s contribution, which goes beyond the agenda of the researcher.
Times of Turmoil: Short- and Long-Term Effects of Organizational Change on Newsroom Employees

A period of major transformation is forcing news organizations to adapt and change. This study provides a longitudinal analysis of the effects of organizational changes and change-management efforts at CNN Headline News on newsroom employees' attitudes, morale, and likelihood of quitting their jobs. The study found that for newsroom managers, organizational change was a losing proposition, resulting in staff members' perception of greater unhappiness with their jobs. Newsroom employees were most negative about changes they thought hindered their ability to produce high-quality journalism, and change-management efforts had only limited impact on job satisfaction and commitment.
MUSIC THAT MOVES: POPULAR MUSIC, DISTRIBUTION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

This essay examines the consequences of technology for how music reaches people and for how people reach music. It is argued that new media technologies, particularly the Internet, create new territorializations of space and of affect. The spatial distribution of music wrought by new technologies provides an opportunity for cultural studies to bring distribution to the centre of the study of media. By so doing we can better understand cultural processes as not only industrial ones but ones of geography, audience and fan, and thereby de-centre production and consumption as the sites of cultural critique.
Building reliable security systems: The case of an e-voting system

Complex security systems, like e-voting systems, suffer from scalability issues when the number of users is important especially in the presence of failures. In this paper, we present an architecture-based approach to build a scalable and secure e-voting system. Indeed, the system component-based architecture allows for the system scalability even in the presence of failures or security attacks.
Exposing the conditions of precarity: compounding victimization and marginalized young people

Events of victimization that upend young lives and expose them to conditions of precarity are examined. Drawing on Judith Butler’s recent reflections on precarity, this article contributes to the extant critical victimology literature by linking precarity to selfhood and narrative. Narrative analysis is used to analyze two young people – Beatrice and Randall – who experienced sexual victimization and a number of subsequent victimizations at the hands of corporate and state organizations. To account for these subsequent persecutions, the concept of compounding victimization to expose the link between successive victimization that intensifies the experience of precarity.
Isosurfaces and Level-Set Surface Models a

This paper is a set of notes that present the basic geometry of isosurfaces and the basic methods for using level sets to model deformable surfaces. It begins with a short introduction to isosurface geometry, including curvature. It continues with a short explanation of the level-set partial differential equations. It also presents some practical details for how to solve these equations using up-wind scheme and sparse calculation methods. This paper presents a series of examples of how level-set surface models are used to solve problems in graphics and vision. Finally, it presents some examples of implementations using VISPack, an object oriented, C++ library for doing volume processing and level-set surface modeling.
The Clinical Significance of Optimality Theory for Phonological Disorders

Linguistic theory has made important contributions to the clinical assessment and treatment of children with functional phonological disorders. In this article, Optimality Theory (OT) is introduced as a new linguistic model of grammar. Basic assumptions of the model are described and extended to clinical assessment and treatment. The aim is (1) to provide basic working knowledge of OT as germane to keeping abreast of the current clinical literature, (2) to describe the way in which OT informs clinical assessment and the selection of goals for treatment, and (3) to demonstrate the potential that OT holds for promoting and predicting generalization learning in phonological treatment. The clinical significance is that OT analyses highlight new interactions among error patterns, which serve to prioritize treatment goals to promote widespread phonological learning.
Provisioning expedited forwarding DiffServ channels using multimedia aggregates

This work presents methods and fools for the optimal dimensioning of differentiated services networks and, in particular, for the expedited forwarding class of service. The proposed method minimises the bandwidth reservation of a traffic aggregate to provide a given maximum delay. The paper also introduces several methods to generate multimedia traffic aggregation using real video traces. The method is evaluated in several scenarios using these traffic traces. The results of these simulations allow us to discover the relationship between a required delay and the necessary bandwidth reservation (or the achievable utilisation limit). An interesting conclusion of these scenarios is that, following several recommendations, the link utilisation can reach values of around 80% or higher. The advantages of using short-term provisioning versus long-term provisioning are also studied.
Cooperative beamforming in CR systems with asynchronous interferences to multiple primary users

In a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network when a group of CR users acts as relays for a given user, a cooperative beamforming among these relays can be used to improve the quality of communications. However, this cooperative beamforming can introduce asynchronous interference at the primary receivers due to different propagation delays between different CR relays and the primary receivers. We propose an innovative cooperative beamforming method that maximizes the received signal power at the secondary destination while keeping the asynchronous interference signals at multiple primary receivers below their corresponding target thresholds. Moreover, in this paper, we propose two relay selection strategies in conjunction with cooperative beamforming. The presented numerical results show that the relay selection schemes can further improve the received signal power at the secondary destination.
Auto-summarization of audio-video presentations

As streaming audio-video technology becomes widespread, there is a dramatic increase in the amount of multimedia content available on the net. Users face a new challenge: How to examine large amounts of multimedia content quickly. One technique that can enable quick overview of multimedia is video summaries; that is, a shorter version assembled by picking important segments from the original. We evaluate three techniques for automatic creation of summaries for online audio-video presentations. These techniques exploit information in the audio signal (e.g., pitch and pause information), knowledge of slide transition points in the presentation, and information about access patterns of previous users. We report a user study that compares automatically generated summaries that are 20%-25% the length of full presentations to author generated summaries. Users learn from the computer-generated summaries, although less than from authors' summaries. They initially find computer-generated summaries less coherent, but quickly grow accustomed to them.