Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4EBP1/eIF4E and p70S6K/RPS6 axes play critical and distinct roles in hepatocarcinogenesis driven by AKT and N‐Ras proto‐oncogenes in mice

Concomitant expression of activated forms of v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) and Ras in mouse liver (AKT/Ras) leads to rapid tumor development through strong activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. mTORC1 functions by regulating p70S6K/ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1/ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (4EBP1/eIF4E) cascades. How these cascades contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of the RPS6 pathway by rapamycin effectively suppressed, whereas blockade of the 4EBP1/eIF4E cascade by 4EBP1A4, an unphosphorylatable form of 4EBP1, significantly delayed, AKT/Ras‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Combined treatment with rapamycin and 4EBP1A4 completely inhibited AKT/Ras hepatocarcinogenesis. This strong antineoplastic effect was successfully recapitulated by ablating regulatory associated protein of mTORC1, the major subunit of mTORC1, in AKT/Ras‐overexpressing livers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of eIF4E, the proto‐oncogene whose activity is specifically inhibited by 4EBP1, resulted in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in cooperation with activated Ras. Mechanistically, we identified the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5/ adenylate kinase 1/cytidine monophosphate kinase 1 axis and the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway as targets of the 4EBP1/eIF4E cascade in AKT/Ras and Ras/eIF4E livers as well as in human HCC cell lines and tissues. Conclusions: Complete inhibition of mTORC1 is required to suppress liver cancer development induced by AKT and Ras proto‐oncogenes in mice. The mTORC1 effectors, RPS6 and eIF4E, play distinct roles and are both necessary for AKT/Ras hepatocarcinogenesis. These new findings might open the way for innovative therapies against human HCC. (Hepatology 2015;61:200–213)
Developmental origin of smooth muscle cells in the descending aorta in mice

Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been proposed to derive from lateral plate mesoderm. It has further been suggested that induction of SMC differentiation is confined to the ventral side of the aorta, and that SMCs later migrate to the dorsal side. In this study, we investigate the origin of SMCs in the descending aorta using recombination-based lineage tracing in mice. Hoxb6-cre transgenic mice were crossed with Rosa 26 reporter mice to track cells of lateral plate mesoderm origin. The contribution of lateral plate mesoderm to SMCs in the descending aorta was determined at different stages of development. SMC differentiation was induced in lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells on the ventral side of the aorta at embryonic day (E) 9.0-9.5, as indicated by expression of the SMC-specific reporter gene SM22α-lacZ. There was, however, no migration of SMCs from the ventral to the dorsal side of the vessel. Moreover, the lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells in the ventral wall of the aorta were replaced by somite-derived cells at E10.5, as indicated by reporter gene expression in Meox1-cre/Rosa 26 double transgenic mice. Examination of reporter gene expression in adult aortas from Hoxb6-cre/Rosa 26 and Meox1-cre/Rosa 26 double transgenic mice suggested that all SMCs in the adult descending aorta derive from the somites, whereas no contribution was recorded from lateral plate mesoderm.
Analytical Electron-Mobility Model for Arbitrarily Stressed Silicon

It was experimentally and numerically indicated that both the valley splitting and effective-mass variation contribute to the stress-induced enhancement of electron mobility in the MOSFET channel. In this paper, an analytical electron-mobility model for arbitrarily strained silicon is presented. The electron-mobility model includes the strain effects of both the effective-mass variation and valley degeneration. The expression of strained conduction band used in the analytical model is based on the theory and accords well with numerical results of nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method (EPM). By using the mobility model, mobilities under different stresses are investigated.
Simple ultra-wideband interdigital bandpass filter with vertical coupling structure

In this paper, simple ultra-wideband interdigital bandpass filter with vertical coupling structure has been successfully demonstrated. This filter provides small size, sharp skirt characteristic by transmission zero, and ultra wideband using vertical coupling structure. From the measurement results, the bandpass filter shows the insertion loss of less than 1.8 dB and the return loss of better than 12 dB with 160% bandwidth at the center frequency of 4.55 GHz. Also, the spurious frequency is improved to be about 13.7 GHz from 8 GHz and the suppression is better than 15 dB. Compared to the configurations of the conventional BPF, a better stopband performance is clearly achieved.
Study of manufacturing cloud service matching algorithm based on OWL-S

Under the cloud manufacturing environment, with the increasing number of manufacturing cloud services, one of the issues needs to be resolved is to find a manufacturing cloud service that meets users' demand. However, until now, there is not an outstanding manufacturing cloud discovery mechanism to help users to find the appropriate solution among numerous existing manufacturing cloud services. In order to realize manufacturing cloud services rapidly, efficiently and accurately match, a multi-level intelligent matching method was proposed in this paper. This method includes 3 parts: (1) a service describing model based on OWL (Ontology Web Language) aiming at the diversity dynamic characteristics of manufacturing cloud service, which includes base information, state function, QoS (Quality of Service); (2) the describing information is classified into 4 categories, word information, sentence information, number information and fuzzy information, and its corresponding similarity matching algorithms is given respectively; (3) based on the above similarity algorithms, a five-step manufacturing cloud service matching processes such as basic matching, state matching, functional matching, QoS matching and integrated matching, was proposed. Case study and analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and accurate than that of the existing ones.
A wavelet-transformed finite-difference time-domain scheme with a static multi-resolution grid

Recently an effective implementation for wavelet transformed operators on three-dimensional data was derived. This novel data structure is used to transform an FDTD scheme with a fast WT into a multi-resolution version. Our approach combines the favorable characteristics, tics of a FDTD scheme and the possibility to resolve the electromagnetic field on locally different resolutions. Since small wavelet coefficients are not updated during the time loop the six field components are computed within such a multi-scale grid instead of the single-resolution Yee grid of FDTD. Finally, resonator structures have been simulated to evaluate the efficiency and applicability of our approach.
The International Charitable Nonprofit Subsector in the United States: International Understanding, International Development and Assistance, and International Affairs

This report describes the capacity of U.S. nonprofits to mobilize in international development and assistance, promotion of international understanding, and international affairs. It is the first systematic national study of international nonprofits using descriptive statistics and data on charitable nonprofits obtained from the National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) at the Urban Institute. Findings confirm the central role of international nonprofits in supporting foreign causes and distributing aid around the world. Government's increasing reliance on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to carry out foreign aid programs is also detailed.
On the design of LDPC codes for MSK

We investigate serial concatenation of low-density parity check (LDPC) codes and minimum shift keying (MSK) with iterative decoding. We show that the design of LDPC codes is crucially dependent on the realization of the MSK modulator. For MSK modulators with nonrecursive continuous phase encoders (CPEs), optimal codes for BPSK are optimal, whereas for MSK modulators with recursive CPEs, the BPSK codes are not optimal. We show that for nonrecursive CPEs, iterative demodulation and decoding is not required even though the CPE has memory. However, iterative demodulation is essential for recursive CPEs. For recursive CPEs, we design LDPC codes using density evolution and differential evolution considering iterative demodulation and decoding. The resulting codes provide significantly improved performance over the existing codes.
A signal regulating mouse histone H4 mRNA levels in a mammalian cell cycle mutant and sequences controlling RNA 3′ processing are both contained within the same 80‐bp fragment.

Fragments from the 3′ end of a mouse histone H4 gene, when introduced into transcription units controlled by the SV40 early promoter, yield correctly processed RNA with histone‐specific 3′ ends, both in monkey and mouse cell lines. The processed RNA is regulated in parallel with endogenous H4 mRNAs in 21‐Tb cells, a temperature‐sensitive mouse mastocytoma cell cycle mutant that is specifically blocked in G1 phase at the non‐permissive temperature. Mutational analyses of the H4 gene fragment indicate that the minimal sequences for this regulation and for RNA 3′ processing are both contained within the same 80 bp. This fragment contains two histone‐specific, highly conserved sequence elements that are located at the 3′ end of histone mRNA and in the adjacent spacer region, respectively. Our data suggest that the observed cell cycle regulation is achieved either at RNA 3′ processing or at some later step involving the conserved 3′‐terminal sequence element of mature histone mRNA.
Co‐expression of haemopoietic antigens on vascular endothelial cells: a detailed phenotypic analysis

Over 1000 monoclonal antibodies (MAB), previously characterized in terms of reactivity with various haemopoietic cells and including representatives from each of the currently known Clusters of Differentiation (CD), have now been evaluated by us for reactivity against human endothelial cells. In the current study, screening was performed on both fixed, and on non‐fixed, endothelial cells derived and cultured from umbilical cord veins. Results indicate that endothelial cells co‐express a wide variety of antigens that are otherwise characterized by expression on haemopoietic cells. The most intense and consistent degree of reactivity was seen using MAB to CD‐9, CD‐13, CD‐29, CD‐31, CD‐44, CD‐46, CD‐51, CD‐54 and CD‐55, although reactivity was also observed using MAB belonging to CD‐41, CD‐47, CD‐49, CD‐61 and CD‐71, in addition to a number of non‐clustered MAB.
Detection of aneuploid human sperm by fluorescence in situ hybridization: evidence for a donor difference in frequency of sperm disomic for chromosomes 1 and Y.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with repetitive-sequence DNA probes was used to detect human sperm disomic for chromosomes 1 and Y in three healthy men. Data on these same men had been obtained previously, using the human-sperm/hamster-egg cytogenetic technique, providing a cytogenetic reference for validating sperm hybridization measurements. Air-dried smears were prepared from semen samples and treated with DTT and lithium diiodosalicylate to expand sperm chromatin. Hybridization with fluorescently tagged DNA probes for chromosomes 1 (pUC177) or Y (pY3.4) yielded average frequencies of sperm with two fluorescent domains of 14.2 +/- 2.4/10,000 and 5.6 +/- 1.6/10,000 sperm, respectively. These frequencies did not differ statistically from frequencies of hyperploidy observed for these chromosomes with the hamster technique. In addition, frequencies of disomic sperm from one donor were elevated approximately 2.5-fold above those of other donors, for both chromosomes 1 (P = .045) and Y (P = .01), consistent with a trend found with the hamster technique. We conclude that fluorescence in situ hybridization to sperm chromosomes provides a valid and promising measure of the frequency of disomic human sperm.
How “healthy” should children be when selecting reference samples for spirometry?

How “healthy” do children need to be when selecting reference samples for spirometry? Anthropometry and spirometry were measured in an unselected, multi-ethnic population of school children aged 5–11 years in London, UK, with follow-up assessments 12 months later. Parents provided information on children's birth data and health status. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were adjusted for sex, age, height and ethnicity using the 2012 Global Lungs Initiative equations, and the effects of potential exclusion criteria on the z-score distributions were examined. After exclusions for current and chronic lung disease, acceptable data were available for 1901 children on 2767 occasions. Healthy children were defined as those without prior asthma or hospitalisation for respiratory problems, who were born at full-term with a birthweight ≥2.5 kg and who were asymptomatic at testing. Mean±sd z-scores for FEV1 and FVC approximated 0±1, indicating the 2012 Global Lungs Initiative equations were appropriate for this healthy population. However, if children born preterm or with low birthweight, children with prior asthma or children mildly symptomatic at testing were included in the reference, overall results were similar to those for healthy children, while increasing the sample size by 25%. With the exception of clear-cut factors, such as current and chronic respiratory disease, paediatric reference samples for spirometry can be relatively inclusive and hence more generalisable to the target population. Population samples for children's lung function can be relatively inclusive http://ow.ly/I0Jkw
Rapid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) by flow cytometry

The resurgence of tuberculosis has caused considerable effort to be focused on the development of rapid methods for determining the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimycobacterial agents. We demonstrated that susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis can be accomplished rapidly by using flow cytometry. Results of tests were available within 24 h after M. tuberculosis organisms were incubated with ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, or streptomycin. The method was based on the ability of viable M. tuberculosis organisms to hydrolyze fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and the detection of fluorescent mycobacteria by flow cytometric analysis. The assay system also did not require multiplication of the mycobacteria. In contrast, M. tuberculosis organisms exposed to antimycobacterial agents hydrolyzed significantly less FDA. The use of flow cytometry and FDA staining shows considerable promise as a rapid method for obtaining susceptibility test results.
Efficacy of topically applied liposome-bound tetracycline in the treatment of dry eye model.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of liposome-bound tetracycline eye drops in a rabbit dry eye model evaluating their advantage of being less allergic, preservative free and prolonged action compared with other tear substitutes. PROCEDURES New Zealand albino rabbits were equally divided into control group and dry eye induced groups. Dryness was induced in 24 eyes of 12 healthy adult male albino rabbits by instilling atropine sulfate eye drops 1% three times daily for 1 week, then animals were subdivided into four groups; group 1 (rabbits with dry eye model), groups 2, 3, and 4: rabbits with dry eye model treated for 7 days starting on 7th day of dryness induction with either tetracycline, empty liposome, or combined tetracycline with liposome as topical eye drops respectively. Schirmer (STT) test and tear break up time (TBUT) were assessed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, and 14. Animals were sacrificed on day 14 and histopathological examination of the cornea and conjunctiva was performed. RESULTS Tear break up time and STT test values were significantly improved in groups 2, 3, 4 as compared with group 1. The histopathological examination showed normal cytoarchitecture of corneas and conjunctivae in groups 2, 3, 4 against the dryness effect that continued to affect the cornea and conjunctival epithelium in group 1. There was a significant improvement in the group treated with liposome-bound tetracycline eye drops (group 4) as compared with tetracycline alone (group 2) and empty liposome (group 3). CONCLUSION The use of liposome encapsulated tetracycline significantly improved STT and TBUT values as well as reverse surface ocular pathology.
An improved skin color model

This paper presents an innovative method for skin detection under changing lighting conditions. The proposed algorithm employs a Gaussian skin color model to classify skin pixels. This Gaussian model is adapted beforehand to accommodate the current lighting condition. AT first, the color temperature of the light source is estimated from a skin sample. Then the skin sample is going through a color constancy process to produce a corrected skin sample. The means of the raw and corrected skin samples are utilized to transform the Gaussian model. Experiments, using different adaptive skin detection methods and the proposed algorithm, have been conducted. Test results assert the effectiveness of the proposed method for skin detection under changing lighting conditions.
Integrated current sensor using giant magneto resistive (GMR) field detector for planar power module

A planar power module was developed, and a gate-driver circuit with an over-current protection was planned to integrate into the module. After reviewing several current-sensing methods, the giant-magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor was chosen as a current-sensing method. However, there were several factors that hindered accurate measurement. The high junction temperature of the power dice gave high influence to the operating temperature of the GMR sensor, and the magnetic-flux distribution seen by the GMR sensor was also non-uniform due to skin effect. The temperature response of the GMR sensor was analyzed by experiments, and the GMR sensor showed about 3.45% errors when it sensed 80 Adc and the operating temperature changed by 60°C. To further improve the measurement capability over wide range of operating temperature, an active temperature-compensation method is described. The optimal position of the GMR sensor was found based on FEA simulation as the midpoint of two current paths. At that location, the GMR sensor could consistently sense both current excitations. A test module was fabricated, and preliminary measurement result showed excessive noise that had to be filtered out for accurate measurement. A signal-conditioning circuit was designed using an instrumentation amplifier, and the current measurement between the GMR sensor and a high-bandwidth current probe showed consistent result. The current sensor with signal-conditioning circuit was integrated into the gate-driver circuit, and the concept was verified by experiments.
NO2 Gas Sensors Based on Individual Suspended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report on the fabrication and measurements of the first NO2 gas sensors based on individual suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We analyze the transient current response of two types of SWNTs when exposed to NO2 in dry and humid air. Furthermore, we analyze the change in the gate characteristic of the SWNTs due to NO2 and propose two different transduction mechanisms in suspended SWNTs.
Effects of Heparin and Related Sulfated Polysaccharides on Tissue Factor Expression Induced by Mitogenic and Non-mitogenic Factors in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Summary Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the intima are generally quiescent and non proliferative. Their proliferation due to different stimulations occurs in myointimal hyperplasia and is regularly present in athero-genesis or after transluminal angioplasty leading to vascular occlusive stenosis. In the course of these pathologies, the Tissue Factor (TF) synthesis was upregulated and rapidly expressed at the membrane of the SMCs. Heparin is known to inhibit SMCs proliferation induced by FCS. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of heparin on the expression of TF induced by various mitogenic (FCS, PDGF-BB and EGF) and non-mitogenic (bacterial LPS) agents. Inhibition by heparin of SMCs proliferation induced by the same agonists was also determined. Quiescent human vascular SMCs from normal adult arteries were treated for 1 h by heparin and related sulfated polysaccharides before stimulation by the agonists. All the agonists up-regulated the expression of TF antigen and activity. TF expression induced by the growth factors was inhibited by heparin (IC 50: 10-30 μg/ml), and other sulfated polysaccharides (IC 50: 1-5 μg/ml). SMCs proliferation, late activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and PKC activity were inhibited by heparin (IC 50: 30-50 μg/ml) in SMCs stimulated by FCS but not in SMCs treated by PDGF or EGF. In contrast, heparin had no effect on LPS-induced TF expression nor on LPS-induced PKC activation. These results indicate that, besides its well known effect on SMC proliferation, heparin displays an inhibitory effect on cell mediated blood clotting processes through regulation of the TF expression.
Detecting DGA malware traffic through behavioral models

Some botnets use special algorithms to generate the domain names they need to connect to their command and control servers. They are refereed as Domain Generation Algorithms. Domain Generation Algorithms generate domain names and tries to resolve their IP addresses. If the domain has an IP address, it is used to connect to that command and control server. Otherwise, the DGA generates a new domain and keeps trying to connect. In both cases it is possible to capture and analyze the special behavior shown by those DNS packets in the network. The behavior of Domain Generation Algorithms is difficult to automatically detect because each domain is usually randomly generated and therefore unpredictable. Hence, it is challenging to separate the DNS traffic generated by malware from the DNS traffic generated by normal computers. In this work we analyze the use of behavioral detection approaches based on Markov Models to differentiate Domain Generation Algorithms traffic from normal DNS traffic. The evaluation methodology of our detection models has focused on a real-time approach based on the use of time windows for reporting the alerts. All the detection models have shown a clear differentiation between normal and malicious DNS traffic and most have also shown a good detection rate. We believe this work is a further step in using behavioral models for network detection and we hope to facilitate the development of more general and better behavioral detection methods of malware traffic.