Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of space debris removal by high-power lasers

With the development of space station technologies, irradiation of space debris by space-based high-power lasers, can locally generate high-temperature plasmas and micro momentum, which may achieve the removal of debris through tracking down. Considered typical square-shaped space debris of material Ti with 5cm×5cm size, whose thermal conductivity, density, specific heat capacity and emissivity are 7.62W/(m·°C), 4500kg/m3, 0.52J/(kg·°C) and 0.3,respectively, based on the finite element analysis of ANSYS, each irradiation of space debris by high-power lasers with power density 106W/m2 and weapons-grade lasers with power density 3000W/m2 are simulated under space environment, and the temperature curves due to laser thermal irradiation are obtained and compared. Results show only 2s is needed for high-power lasers to make the debris temperature reach to about 10000K, which is the threshold temperature for plasmas-state conversion. While for weapons-grade lasers, it is 13min needed. Using two line elements (TLE), and combined with the coordinate transformation from celestial coordinate system to site coordinate system, the visible period of space debris is calculated as 5-10min. That is, in order to remove space debris by laser plasmas, the laser power density should be further improved. The article provides an intuitive and visual feasibility analysis method of space debris removal, and the debris material and shape, laser power density and spot characteristics are adjustable. This finite element analysis method is low-cost, repeatable and adaptable, which has an engineering-prospective applications.
Ieee Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters Fusion of Global and Local Descriptors for Remote Sensing Image Classification

—Very high resolution remote sensing images offer increased amount of details available for image interpretation. However, despite enhanced resolution these details result in spectral inhomogeneities, making automated image classification more difficult. In this letter we propose to combine texture and local image features to address this problem. We first address the Enhanced Gabor Texture Descriptor which is a global descriptor based on cross-correlations between subbands, and show that it achieves very good results in classification of aerial images showing a single thematic class. Next, the performances obtained on individual land cover/land use classes using our global texture descriptor and local SIFT descriptor are compared. We identify classes of images best suited for each descriptor, and argue that these descriptors encode complementary information. Finally, a hierarchical approach for the fusion of global and local descriptors is proposed and evaluated over a number of classifiers. The proposed descriptor fusion approach exhibits significantly improved classification results, reaching the accuracy of around 90%.
Probabilistic video stabilization using Kalman filtering and mosaicing

The removal of unwanted, parasitic vibrations in a video sequence induced by camera motion is an essential part of video acquisition in industrial, military and consumer applications. In this paper, we present a new image processing method to remove such vibrations and reconstruct a video sequence void of sudden camera movements. Our approach to separating unwanted vibrations from intentional camera motion is based on a probabilistic estimation framework. We treat estimated parameters of interframe camera motion as noisy observations of the intentional camera motion parameters. We construct a physics-based state-space model of these interframe motion parameters and use recursive Kalman filtering to perform stabilized camera position estimation. A six-parameter affine model is used to describe the interframe transformation, allowing quite accurate description of typical scene changes due to camera motion. The model parameters are estimated using a p-norm-based multi-resolution approach. This approach is robust to model mismatch and to object motion within the scene (which are treated as outliers). We use mosaicking in order to reconstruct undefined areas that result from motion compensation applied to each video frame. Registration between distant frames is performed efficiently by cascading interframe affine transformation parameters. We compare our method's performance with that of a commercial product on real-life video sequences, and show a significant improvement in stabilization quality for our method.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel cDNA Encoding a Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Active on C19 Steroids*

To isolate cDNA clones encoding novel UGT2B enzymes, human prostate and LNCaP cell cDNA libraries were screened using a pool of steroid-specific UGT2B cDNA probes. In approximately 106 recombinants, we isolated 3 cDNA clones of 2.1 kilobases that encode a novel UGT2B enzyme. UGT2B17 is 95% identical with UGT2B15 and 91% identical with UGT2B8. Primary structure analysis of UGT2B17 based on the nucleotide sequence revealed a putative amino-terminal membrane insertion signal peptide, a carboxyl-terminal membrane-spanning region, and three potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. UGT2B17 cloned in the pBK-CMV expression vector was transfected into HK293 cells to obtain a stable clonal cell line expressing a high level of the active 53-kDa UGT2B17 enzyme. Of the over 60 endogenous and exogenous substances tested, 25 compounds revealed reactivity. The major substrates are eugenol > 4-methylumbelliferone > dihydrotestosterone > androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol) > testosterone > androsterone (ADT). The apparent Km values obtained with tritiated steroids in intact cells were 0.4 μM for ADT, 0.7 μM for dihydrotestosterone, 1.0 μM for 3α-diol, and 3.4 μM for testosterone. Southern blot analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products revealed expression of UGT2B17 mRNA in various tissues including the liver, kidney, testis, uterus, placenta, mammary gland, adrenal gland, skin, and prostate. UGT2B17 is the first human uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase enzyme expressed in extrahepatic tissues to have a specificity for ADT as well as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 3α-diol.
Structural health monitoring of wind towers: residual fatigue life estimation

In a recent paper (Benedetti et al 2011 Smart Mater. Struct. 20 055009), the authors investigated the possibility of detecting cracks in critical sites of onshore wind towers using a radial arrangement of strain sensors around the tower periphery in the vicinity of the base welded joint. Specifically, the strain difference between adjacent strain sensors is used as a damage indicator. The number of sensors to be installed is determined by the minimum crack size to be detected, which in turn depends on the expected extreme wind conditions and programmed inspection/repair schedule. In this companion paper, we address these issues by investigating possible strategies for residual fatigue life assessment and management of onshore wind towers once the crack has been detected. For this purpose, fracture mechanics tests are carried out using welded samples to quantify the resistance to fatigue crack growth as well as the elastic–plastic fracture toughness of the welded joint at the tower base. These material strength characteristics are used to estimate (i) the critical crack size for structural integrity on the basis of fracture toughness tests, elastoplastic finite element analyses and loading spectra under extreme wind conditions, (ii) the residual life before structural collapse, applying a frequency-domain method to typical in-service wind actions and wind directionality.
Application of the Advanced Thermal Analysis System (ATHAS) to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Temperature-Modulated DSC of Polymers

The Advanced THermal Analysis System (ATHAS) involves the establishment of the link between heat capacity at low temperatures and molecular, vibrational motion. This description is then used to extrapolate the vibrational heat capacities to high temperatures. Next, the measured data can be analyzed in terms of conformational mobility, of importance to assess sample properties. Broad melting and glass transitions can thus be analyzed. Modem differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and temperature-modulated DSC, TMDSC, are used to separate reversible and irreversible processes. An effort will be made to suggest when it is possible to apply quick DSC, and when it is necessary to use the slower, but more precise and informative TMDSC.
DASH to wellness: emphasizing self-regulation through e-health in adults with prehypertension.

OBJECTIVE High prevalence rates of prehypertension require nonpharmaceutical lifestyle interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and initial efficacy of a primarily electronically delivered intervention for prehypertension. METHODS Twenty-three adults with prehypertension (M age of 54.3; systolic blood pressure [BP], 126.3 mmHg; weight, 87.8 kg; body mass index, 31.5; 6514 steps/day) were randomized to DASH 2 wellness only standard of care or to DASH 2 wellness plus. Both groups received instruction on the DASH eating plan, instructions to increase steps per day and use of a weight scale and pedometer, and information about social-cognitive theory-based self-regulation strategies. D2W plus also involved home blood pressure monitoring and monitoring steps per day, nutrition, and body weight. Through weekly newsletters, participants engaged in electronic reporting and goal setting and received feedback on progress. RESULTS D2W plus showed a larger increase in daily steps (M = 2,900) than D2W only (M = 636); a larger decrease in systolic BP (mmHg), M = 15.1 versus M = 4.6, and a larger decrease in weight (in kg), M = 4.8 versus M = 1.5. CONCLUSIONS Concentrating efforts not only toward adoption and initiation of innovative risk-reduction strategies but also toward the provision for long-term maintenance of a healthy lifestyle once initial changes have been accomplished is paramount. The D2W plus program could be adapted for such use in health care and other settings for treating prehypertension.
Collection and processing of whole blood for transformation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and extraction of DNA: the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium

Background and Purpose To yield large amounts of DNA for many genotype analyses and to provide a renewable source of DNA, the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) harvested DNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with type 1 diabetes and their family members in several regions of the world. Methods DNA repositories were established in Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, and the United Kingdom. To address region-specific needs, different methods and sample processing techniques were used among the laboratories to extract and to quantify DNA and to establish Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell lines. Results More than 98% of the samples of PBMCs were successfully transformed. Approximately 20—25 μg of DNA were extracted per mL of whole blood. Extraction of DNA from the cell pack ranged from 92 to 165 μg per cell pack. In addition, the extracted DNA from whole blood or transformed cells was successfully utilized in each regional human leukocyte antigen genotyping laboratory and by several additional laboratories performing consortium-wide genotyping projects. Limitations Although the isolation of PBMCs was consistent among sites, the measurement of DNA was difficult to harmonize. Conclusions DNA repositories can be established in different regions of the world and produce similar amounts of high-quality DNA for a variety of high-throughput genotyping techniques. Furthermore, even with the distances and time necessary for transportation, highly efficient transformation of PBMCs is possible. For future studies/trials involving several laboratories in different locations, the T1DGC experience includes examples of protocols that may be applicable. In summary, T1DGC has developed protocols that would be of interest to any scientific organization attempting to overcome the logistical problems associated with studies/trials spanning multiple research facilities, located in different regions of the world. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: S65—S74. http://ctj.sagepub. com
Thinking Statistically (Elephants Go to School)

The “Statistics in Business” section features some real business data made for interesting reading and shows the relevance of methods to practical business problems. Students will appreciate answers to odd-numbered problems in the back of the book, the handy glossary of terms, and a decent index. Wiley also provides as a bonus companion instructor and student websites. These could prove helpful in setting up and doing problem assignments by minimizing the effort expended on typing-in data. Many chapters contain sections called “Using the Computer: Excel and Minitab. ” One nice feature is that these sections are truly supplementary; if you interested in using the computer, then they provide very useful information, and if are not, then you can safely ignore them. As many folks have discovered in the workplace, Excel is a often the only readily available software tool, so knowing what Excel can and cannot do comes in handy in the business world. Of course, for problems and homework assignments, the computer software also can prove useful in decreasing the work load. One unusual innovation in the text is the use of diagrams of inferential techniques. These diagrams provide a graphical picture of methods and are suppose to help the student determine which method to use. Perhaps some students might find the diagrams helpful, but I felt that they took up considerable space with little benefit. So although the intention was good, somehow the diagrams did not seem to be really meet the needs. Besides being a great learning text, the book has earned a place on my workplace shelf as a reference book. It contains such an array of methods and covers so many topics that it is bound to come in handy. Particularly impressive are chapters covering the topics of regression, time series modeling, decision analysis and quality control, topics that play extremely important roles in business and often are not covered in statistical texts. The only topics that I would have been nice to add are some Bayesian methods and resampling methods. The book’s high-quality binding should stand up for years of use as a reference book. A student of pure mathematics might be annoyed to find that the formulas for the different distributions are not given the for most part, and that no derivations, justification, or proofs are given for many of the methods. Because the detailed proofs for most of these methods are extremely technical, the depth is just right about perfect for the business student. There just enough background and discussion to make the methods seem plausible, but not too much detail to confuse or bog the student down. In summary, this book comes highly recommended for both business students and business statisticians. For those that have seen and used the earlier editions, this one builds on the excellent tradition and high quality of the previous editions. Perhaps the only real caveat against is textbook is its weight if one needs to carry it around.
Representative volumes and multi-scale modelling of quasi-brittle materials

Several different approaches are available in order to describe material behaviour. Considering material on the higher (macro) level of observation constitutes the macroscopic approach. However, the key to understand a macro materials behaviour lies in its mesostructure. As such the mesoscopic approach can be used which is based on the detailed material description of the lower (meso) observational level. The main focus of this dissertation is the combination of the two above techniques -- the multi-scale approach. The idea is, by means of a hierarchical multi-scale procedure, to bring the homogenised information of the detailed mesostructural description to the macro-level in the form of effective properties. Thus, the homogeneous macrostructural behaviour is driven by the heterogeneous mesostructure. Traditionally, the size of a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the material on the meso-level is chosen as a model parameter within the multi-scale framework. Two questions arise: what should this size be and how stable is this multi-scale model based on an RVE? As an answer to the first question, a unique procedure to determine the RVE size is proposed in the dissertation. An extensive study of this size sensitivity to different test and material parameters, both deterministic and stochastic, has been discussed. With knowledge of the RVE size, the multi-scale procedure can be introduced, in which the meso-level RVE plays the role of a macro-level length-scale parameter. However, the answer to the second question is not always positive. As an example the material behaviour due to mechanical loading can be considered. Although the results are stable and reliable in the linear-elastic and hardening regimes, the picture changes in softening. This is caused by the material developing strain localisation and as a consequence losing its statistical homogeneity. For such a material a Representative Volume cannot be found and as an inference cannot be used in the multi-scale framework. A conceptually new so-called coupled-volume multi-scale approach is introduced, based on abandoning the separation of scales principle. This approach does not require an RVE be a model parameter. The idea of the approach is to uniquely link the size of the mesostructural unit cell and element size of the discretised macrostructure. The results of this coupled-volume approach show stable and reliable behaviour in all mechanical regimes.
A microfluidic device for the continuous culture and analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans in a toxic aqueous environment

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) receives attention as a bioindicator, and the C. elegans condition has been recently analyzed using microfluidic devices equipped with an imaging system. To establish a method without an imaging system, we have proposed a novel microfluidic device with which to analyze the condition of C. elegans from the capacitance change using a pair of micro-electrodes. The device was designed to culture C. elegans, to expose C. elegans to an external stimulus, such as a chemical or toxicant, and to measure the capacitance change which indicates the condition of C. elegans. In this study, to demonstrate the capability of our device in a toxic aqueous environment, the device was applied to examine the effect of cadmium on C. elegans. Thirty L4 larval stage C. elegans were divided into three groups. One group was a control group and the other groups were exposed to cadmium solutions with concentrations of 5% and 10% LC50 for 24 h. The capacitance change and the body volume of C. elegans as a reference were measured four times and we confirmed the correlation between them. It shows that our device can analyze the condition of C. elegans without an imaging system.
Low Complexity Multiple Relay Selection Scheme for Cognitive Relay Networks

Power allocation (PA) and multiple relay selection (MRS) for cognitive relay networks (CRNs) are considered in this paper. In CRNs, the power of each relay node is limited by the interference constraint on primary users. In order to satisfy the interference constraint, we propose a simple PA scheme in which the power of each relay is inversely proportional to the interference channel from the secondary relay to the primary user. That is, the interference constraint is satisfied by allocating more power to the relays which have less interference to the primary users. After satisfying the interference constraint by the proposed PA scheme, we consider the MRS in order to maximize the secondary system capacity. Since the optimal MRS requires the exhaustive search for all possible relay combinations, we propose a low complexity suboptimal MRS scheme based on the relay ordering. By applying the proposed PA and selecting the relays in order of achieving the larger SNR, we can find a relay combination that performs close to the optimal MRS. Some simulation results show that the proposed MRS scheme achieves about 50% throughput gain over the previously proposed schemes when the maximum transmission power of each relay is 20dBW. Also, the proposed suboptimal MRS scheme with much lower complexity performs close to the optimal MRS using the exhaustive search.
The formin FMNL3 is a cytoskeletal regulator of angiogenesis

The process of angiogenesis requires endothelial cells (ECs) to undergo profound changes in shape and polarity. Although this must involve remodelling of the EC cytoskeleton, little is known about this process or the proteins that control it. We used a co-culture assay of angiogenesis to examine the cytoskeleton of ECs actively undergoing angiogenic morphogenesis. We found that elongation of ECs during angiogenesis is accompanied by stabilisation of microtubules and their alignment into parallel arrays directed at the growing tip. In other systems, similar microtubule alignments are mediated by the formin family of cytoskeletal regulators. We screened a library of human formins and indentified formin-like 3 (FMNL3; also known as FRL2) as a crucial regulator of EC elongation during angiogenesis. We showed that activated FMNL3 triggers microtubule alignment and that FMNL3 is required for this alignment during angiogenic morphogenesis. FMNL3 was highly expressed in the ECs of zebrafish during development and embryos that were depleted for FMNL3 showed profound defects in developmental angiogenesis that were rescued by expression of the human gene. We conclude that FMNL3 is a new regulator of endothelial microtubules during angiogenesis and is required for the conversion of quiescent ECs into their elongated angiogenic forms.
Simulasi Perubahan Prilaku Regangan Geser Material Rel Pada Perubahan Suhu Permukaan Kontak Akibat Beban Gelinding/Gesek

Repeated wheel load over rail can cause rail material at the contact surface to accumulate severe plasticdeformation. The material fails after accumulating a critical shear strain and produce wear debris and fatigue cracks. Duringrolling/sliding contact between railway rails and wheel, temperature will rais at the contact surface due to frictional heatingand thermal stress will develop. If the generation of heat is high enough the rail material may soften.In this work, a simulation based on ratchetting failure is used to study shear strain behaviour of rail material withfrictional heating in rolling/sliding contact between wheel and railway rail. The simulation results show the materialsoftening and thermal stress increase the rate of shear strain accumulation by ratchetting leading to fail material morequickly.
A 7.4 ps FPGA-Based TDC with a 1024-Unit Measurement Matrix

In this paper, a high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device is proposed and tested. During the implementation, a new architecture of TDC is proposed which consists of a measurement matrix with 1024 units. The utilization of routing resources as the delay elements distinguishes the proposed design from other existing designs, which contributes most to the device insensitivity to variations of temperature and voltage. Experimental results suggest that the measurement resolution is 7.4 ps, and the INL (integral nonlinearity) and DNL (differential nonlinearity) are 11.6 ps and 5.5 ps, which indicates that the proposed TDC offers high performance among the available TDCs. Benefitting from the FPGA platform, the proposed TDC has superiorities in easy implementation, low cost, and short development time.