Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Peroxynitrite, Tetrahydrobiopterin, Ascorbic Acid, and Thiols

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) serves as a critical co-factor for the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). A deficiency of BH4 results in eNOS uncoupling, which is associated with increased superoxide and decreased NO• production. BH4 has been suggested to be a target for oxidation by peroxynitrite (ONOO–), and ascorbate has been shown to preserve BH4 levels and enhance endothelial NO• production; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly defined. To gain further insight into these interactions, the reaction of ONOO– with BH4 was studied using electron spin resonance and the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine. ONOO– reacted with BH4 6–10 times faster than with ascorbate or thiols. The immediate product of the reaction between ONOO– and BH4 was the trihydrobiopterin radical (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(BH_{3}^{{\cdot}}\) \end{document}), which was reduced back to BH4 by ascorbate, whereas thiols were not efficient in recycling of BH4. Uncoupling of eNOS caused by peroxynitrite was investigated in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) by measuring superoxide and NO• using spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine and the NO•-spin trap iron-diethyldithiocarbamate. Bolus ONOO–, the ONOO– donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine, and an inhibitor of BH4 synthesis (2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine) uncoupled eNOS, increasing superoxide and decreasing NO• production. Exogenous BH4 supplementation restored endothelial NO• production. Treatment of BAECs with both BH4 and ascorbate prior to ONOO– prevented uncoupling of eNOS by ONOO–. This study demonstrates that endothelial BH4 is a crucial target for oxidation by ONOO– and that the BH4 reaction rate constant exceeds those of thiols or ascorbate. We confirmed that ONOO– uncouples eNOS by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin and that ascorbate does not fully protect BH4 from oxidation but recycles \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(BH_{3}^{{\cdot}}\) \end{document} radical back to BH4.
High-Affinity Transport of Choline-O-Sulfate and Its Use as a Compatible Solute inBacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT We report here that the naturally occurring choline ester choline-O-sulfate serves as an effective compatible solute for Bacillus subtilis, and we have identified a high-affinity ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system responsible for its uptake. The osmoprotective effect of this trimethylammonium compound closely matches that of the potent and widely employed osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Growth experiments with a set ofB. subtilis strains carrying defined mutations in the glycine betaine uptake systems OpuA, OpuC, and OpuD and in the high-affinity choline transporter OpuB revealed that choline-O-sulfate was specifically acquired from the environment via OpuC. Competition experiments demonstrated that choline-O-sulfate functioned as an effective competitive inhibitor for OpuC-mediated glycine betaine uptake, with aKi of approximately 4 μM. Uptake studies with [1,2-dimethyl-14C]choline-O-sulfate showed that its transport was stimulated by high osmolality, and kinetic analysis revealed that OpuC has high affinity for choline-O-sulfate, with a Km value of 4 ± 1 μM and a maximum rate of transport (Vmax) of 54 ± 3 nmol/min · mg of protein in cells grown in minimal medium with 0.4 M NaCl. Growth studies utilizing a B. subtilis mutant defective in the choline to glycine betaine synthesis pathway and natural abundance13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of whole-cell extracts from the wild-type strain demonstrated that choline-O-sulfate was accumulated in the cytoplasm and was not hydrolyzed to choline by B. subtilis. In contrast, the osmoprotective effect of acetylcholine for B. subtilis is dependent on its biotransformation into glycine betaine. Choline-O-sulfate was not used as the sole carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur source, and our findings thus characterize this choline ester as an effective compatible solute and metabolically inert stress compound for B. subtilis. OpuC mediates the efficient transport not only of glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate but also of carnitine, crotonobetaine, and γ-butyrobetaine (R. Kappes and E. Bremer, Microbiology 144:83–90, 1998). Thus, our data underscore its crucial role in the acquisition of a variety of osmoprotectants from the environment byB. subtilis.
Historia ambiental de tres bosques de haya del Estado de Hidalgo, México, 1935-2014

El pasado de las comunidades humanas y la manera como han afectado su medio es esencial para comprender la problematica ambiental actual. En el presente articulo se revisa el caso de tres bosques de haya, cuyo dosel es dominado por Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana, especie que esta en riesgo de extincion, para saber si las razones de su desaparicion son antropogenicas o estan mas ligadas a causas naturales. En esta historia se unen aspectos como las luchas sociales ocurridas durante la conformacion de los pueblos, con otros como el pasado del desarrollo cientifico del pais. Palabras clave: Fagus grandifolia, Gosco, Hidalgo, Medio Monte, Mojonera
Comparaison de TF-IDF et BM25 pour le repérage de l'information

Dans ce projet de recherche qui s'inscrit dans le domaine de recherche d'information, le but est de mesurer l'impact de l'utilisation de deux unites d'information (tfxidf et BM25) sur la qualite du reperage. Plusieurs collections de tests ainsi que des modeles de reperage ont ete selectionnes afin d'atteindre nos objectifs. Nos experiences couvrent deux unites d'information (tfxidf et BM25) appliques sur neuf collections differentes et pour cinq modeles de reperage. L'analyse des 90 combinaisons possibles (2 unites x 9 collections x 5 modeles) a ete basee sur les differentes mesures de precision et de rappel des modeles de reperage, ainsi que des mesures globales de reperage. Ces analyses nous ont permis de tirer certaines conclusions sur le rendement et l'efficacite de chaque modele en fonction des unites d'information. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : reperage de l'information, unite d'information, BM25, tfidf.
Internal Fixation of Acute Stable Scaphoid Fractures in the Athlete

Our study evaluated the results of surgical repair of acute carpal scaphoid fractures in athletes and the time required for the athletes to return to play. Although playing casts are a nonsurgical option, they reduce the effectiveness of the athlete in sports that require max imal manual dexterity; thus, the management of scaph oid fractures is challenging when early return to sports is desired. Twelve athletes with 12 acute midthird scaphoid fractures were treated with Herbert screw fixation. All patients were in-season athletes in sports that precluded the use of a playing cast. Return to sports averaged 5.8 weeks. Nine of the 12 athletes had range of motion equal to the uninjured side. The grip strength was equal to the unaffected side in 10 of the 12 athletes. Clinical and radiographic union was evi dent in 11 subjects at an average followup of 2.9 years. The healing rates were comparable with other treat ment modalities. We concluded that internal fixation of a scaphoid fracture allows safe and early return to sports when a playing cast is not an acceptable option and when an athlete accepts the risks of surgery.
A global measure of sickness behaviour: Development of the Sickness Questionnaire

Symptoms after inflammatory activation, so-called sickness behaviour, overlap with trans-diagnostic complaints. As no self-report questionnaire to assess sickness behaviour exists, we aimed to develop such an instrument, the Sickness Questionnaire. Items responsive to experimentally induced inflammatory activation (randomized double-blind study endotoxin (0.6 ng/kg) versus placebo, n = 52) were selected and the statistical properties were examined in 172 primary care patients. A principal component analysis indicated a one-factor solution (Cronbach’s alpha = .86). This 10-item scale correlated with depression (β = .41, p < .001), anxiety (β = .36, p < .001), self-rated health (β = .28, p < .001) and a single item of feeling sick (β = .55, p < .001). The results support the adequacy of Sickness Questionnaire as a brief assessment instrument of perceived sickness behaviour.
Implementation of NIAAA College Drinking Task Force recommendations: how are colleges doing 6 years later?

BACKGROUND In 2002, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) College Drinking Task Force issued recommendations to reduce heavy drinking by college students, but little is known about implementation of these recommendations. Current discussion about best strategies to reduce student drinking has focused more on lowering the minimum legal drinking age as advocated by a group of college and university presidents called the Amethyst Initiative than the NIAAA recommendations. METHODS A nationally representative survey of administrators was conducted at 351 4-year colleges in the United States to ascertain familiarity with and progress toward implementation of NIAAA recommendations. Implementation was compared by enrollment size, public or private status, and whether the school president signed the Amethyst Initiative. RESULTS Administrators at most colleges were familiar with NIAAA recommendations, although more than 1 in 5 (22%) were not. Nearly all colleges use educational programs to address student drinking (98%). Half the colleges (50%) offered intervention programs with documented efficacy for students at high risk for alcohol problems. Few colleges reported that empirically supported, community-based alcohol control strategies including conducting compliance checks to monitor illegal alcohol sales (33%), instituting mandatory responsible beverage service (RBS) training (15%), restricting alcohol outlet density (7%), or increasing the price of alcohol (2%) were operating in their community. Less than half the colleges with RBS training and compliance checks in their communities actively participated in these interventions. Large colleges were more likely to have RBS training and compliance checks, but no differences in implementation were found across public/private status or whether the college president signed the Amethyst Initiative. CONCLUSIONS Many colleges offer empirically supported programs for high-risk drinkers, but few have implemented other strategies recommended by NIAAA to address student drinking. Opportunities exist to reduce student drinking through implementation of existing, empirically based strategies.
Ceramic Q-band bandpass filters by laser micro-machining of Alumina substrates

Two millimetre-wave filters (a Chebyshev 4-pole and a quasi-elliptical 6-pole 2 zeroes realized with dual-mode resonators) centred at 39 GHz are presented in this paper. They are both obtained by laser machining Alumina substrates and metallized with an electroless Copper plating technique. Laser etching is finally used again to etch the different patterns required for their input and output as well as other features. Despite the simplicity of this method, good agreements are obtained between full wave simulations and measurements, validating the proposed approach.
Evolution of flowering decisions in a stochastic, density-dependent environment

Demography is central to both ecology and evolution, and characterizing the feedback between ecology and evolution is critical for understanding organisms' life histories and how these might evolve through time. Here, we show how, by combining a range of theoretical approaches with the statistical analysis of individually structured databases, accurate prediction of life history decisions is possible in natural density-regulated populations undergoing large fluctuations in demographic rates from year to year. Our predictions are remarkably accurate and statistically well defined. In addition, we show that the predicted trait values are evolutionarily and convergence stable and that protected polymorphisms are possible.
Coordination Compounds of M(II) Biometal Ions with Acid- Type Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Ligands – A Review

The cations of biometals in biological systems easily interact with various moieties of organic and inorganic biomolecules, either as natural constituents or after introduction into the body via O-, N- and S- donor atoms. Study of the interaction between M(II) biometal–O-donor ligand (drug) is of interest for various reasons: more evenly dosing of medicine and biodistribution of medicine; monitoring of its pharmacokinetics including excretion; reduction of unwanted effects of the medicine; greater antimicrobial activity; synergistic effect of the metal and medicine; and improved anti-ulcerous, antitumor and anti-bacterial activity. This paper offers an overview of the literature of published research on coordination between biometals and anti-inflammatory drugs of the acid type. The metals that the subject of focus in this review are d-metals with M(II) ions, namely, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). Those containing molecules with carboxyl functional groups can build complexes with coordinated number of metals of 4 and 6, of various stoichiometric structures, simple or complex, and also behave as monodentate, bidentate or bridge ligands in polynuclear complexes. Keywords : Biometals M(II), Anti-inflammatory medicine, Coordination, O-Donor ligands, Copper, Cobalt, Manganese, Zinc
Renal denervation in a patient with prior renal artery stenting

This is a case report of a 69‐year‐old female with treatment‐resistant severe arterial hypertension despite prior successful percutaneous intervention to both renal arteries for significant renal artery stenoses (stenting of the right and balloon angioplasty of the left renal artery). The office blood pressure was 221/108 mm Hg at baseline. Secondary hypertension was ruled out and catheter‐based renal denervation performed (distal to the stent in the right renal artery and in the usual fashion in the left renal artery) without complications. The office blood pressure decreased at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up to 185/93 mm Hg and 182/95 mm Hg, respectively. This case illustrates the feasibility and potential efficacy of catheter‐based renal denervation in patients with a renal artery stent, an important finding as persistent hypertension is common in patients despite successful renal artery stenting and currently available trials examining renal denervation have excluded patients with prior renal artery stents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large-scale high-quality 2D silica crystals: dip-drawing formation and decoration with gold nanorods and nanospheres for SERS analysis

High-quality colloidal crystals (CCs) are important for use in photonic research and as templates for large-scale plasmonic SERS substrates. We investigated how variations in temperature, colloid concentration, and dip-drawing parameters (rate, incubation time, etc) affect the structure of 2D CCs formed by highly monodisperse silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesized in an l-arginine solution and regrown by a modified Stöber method. The best quality 2D CCs were obtained with aqueous 12 wt% colloids at a temperature of 25 °C, an incubation time of 1 min, and a drawing rate of 50 mm min−1. Assembling of gold nanorods (GNRs) on 2D CCs resulted in the formation of ring-like chains with a preferential tail-to-tail orientation along the hexagonal boundaries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such nanostructures have been prepared. Owing to the preferential tail-to-tail packing of GNRs, 2D SiNP CC + GNR substrates demonstrated an analytical SERS enhancement of about 8000, which was 10 to 15 times higher than that for self-assembled GNRs on a silicon wafer. In addition, the analytical SERS enhancement was almost 60 times lower after replacing the nanorods in 2D SiNP CC + GNR substrates with 25 nm gold nanospheres.
Simulator sickness: a problem for Army aviation.

"Simulator Sickness" describes a symptom complex frequently reported by pilots during or after flight simulator training. There were 112 helicopter pilots at a U.S. Army AH-1 Cobra Flight Weapons Simulator (FWS) who completed a symptom-oriented subjective questionnaire. Of these, 40% reported symptoms of dysequilibrium; pilots developing simulator sickness had significantly more total and AH-1 flight time. Adaptation to the syndrome occurred with increasing FWS experience. The history and aeromedical significance of simulator sickness are briefly reviewed, and a case report presented. A mandatory grounding policy in use locally is described. Potential treatment strategies are briefly discussed.
Three simple clinical tests to accurately predict falls in people with Parkinson's disease

Falls are a major cause of morbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to identify predictors of falls in PD and develop a simple prediction tool that would be useful in routine patient care. Potential predictor variables (falls history, disease severity, cognition, leg muscle strength, balance, mobility, freezing of gait [FOG], and fear of falling) were collected for 205 community‐dwelling people with PD. Falls were monitored prospectively for 6 months using monthly falls diaries. In total, 125 participants (59%) fell during follow‐up. A model that included a history of falls, FOG, impaired postural sway, gait speed, sit‐to‐stand, standing balance with narrow base of support, and coordinated stability had high discrimination in identifying fallers (area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.88). A clinical tool that incorporated 3 predictors easily determined in a clinical setting (falling in the previous year: odds ratio [OR], 5.80; 95% CI, 3.00–11.22; FOG in the past month: OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.19–4.80; and self‐selected gait speed < 1.1 meters per second: OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 0.96–3.58) had similar discrimination (AUC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.86) to the more complex model (P = 0.14 for comparison of AUCs). The absolute probability of falling in the next 6 months for people with low, medium, and high risk using the simple, 3‐test tool was 17%, 51%, and 85%, respectively. In people who have PD without significant cognitive impairment, falls can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy using a simple, 3‐test clinical tool. This tool enables individualized quantification of the risk of falling. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Inbreeding and Juvenile Mortality in Small Populations of Ungulates

Juvenile mortality of inbred young was higher than that of noninbred young in 15 of 16 species of captive ungulates. In 19 of 25 individual females, belonging to ten species, a larger percentage of young died when the female was mated to a related male than when she was mated to an unrelated male. An ever increasing number of the world's ungulate species exist only in relatively small populations in which some degree of inbreeding will inevitably occur. Extensive studies of laboratory and domestic mammals and birds indicate that inbreeding leads, in the majority of cases, to increased mortality in young animals and reduced fertility in adults (1-3). Inbred animals are usually "less able to cope with their environment than are noninbred animals" (2, p. 215) and are often more susceptible to various diseases and environmental stresses (3, 4). The limited data from natural populations suggest that close inbreeding has the same deleterious consequences in the wild (5). Table 1. Juvenile mortality in inbred and noninbred young. NonInX test Sign Species inbred young bred young TV X P test* Elephas maximus (Indian elephant) Lived 11 2 19 + Died 2 4 4.997 . 025! Equus burchelli (zebra) Lived 20 3 32 . 413 . 528! + Died 7 2 Choeropsis liberiensis (pygmy hippopotamus) Lived 139 23 235 17.28 . ooot + Died 45 28 Muntiacus reevesi (muntjac) Lived 18 12 40 1.212 . 270 + Died 4 6 Cervus eldi thamin (Eld's deer) Lived 13 0 24 11.679 . 001! + Died 4 7 Elaphurus davidianus (Pere David's deer) Lived 15 19 39 . 030 . 857 + Died 2 3 Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) Lived 19 9 50 2.538 . 107 + Died 10 12 Girajfa camelopardalis (giraffe) Lived 11 2 19 2.537 . 107 + Died 3 3 Tragelaphus strepsiceros (kudu) Lived 10 8 25 . 005 . 941 Died 4 3 Tragelaphus spekei (sitatunga) Lived 15 31 75 9.012 . 006t + Died 1 28 Hippotragus niger (sable) Lived 18 3 32 8.183 . 005! + Died 4 7 Oryx dammah (scimitar-horned oryx) Lived 35 0 42 28.378 . ooot + Died 2 5 Connochaetes taurinus (wildebeest) Lived 6 29 48 . 680 . 419 + Died 1 12 Madoqua kirki (dik-dik) Lived 10 7 32 . 473 . 499 + Died 7 8 Gazella dorcas (Dorcas gazelle) Lived 36 17 92 9.288 . 003! + Died 14 25 Capricornis crispus (Japanese serow) Lived 52 27 135 10.585 . 002! + Died 21 35 *For the sign test, + = juvenile mortality higher in inbred than noninbred young (P = .0003). at . 05 level; one degree of freedom in all cases; probabilities are rounded to three places. 0036-8075/79/1130-1101$00.50/0 Copyright © 1979 AAAS tSignificant
Inhibition of Vesicular Secretion in Both Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells by a Retargeted Endopeptidase Derivative ofClostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type A

ABSTRACT Clostridial neurotoxins potently and specifically inhibit neurotransmitter release in defined cell types by a mechanism that involves cleavage of specific components of the vesicle docking/fusion complex, the SNARE complex. A derivative of the type A neurotoxin fromClostridium botulinum (termed LHN/A) that retains catalytic activity can be prepared by proteolysis. The LHN/A, however, lacks the putative native binding domain (HC) of the neurotoxin and is thus unable to bind to neurons and effect inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Here we report the chemical conjugation of LHN/A to an alternative cell-binding ligand, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). When applied to a variety of cell lines, including those that are ordinarily resistant to the effects of neurotoxin, WGA-LHN/A conjugate potently inhibits secretory responses in those cells. Inhibition of release is demonstrated to be ligand mediated and dose dependent and to occur via a mechanism involving endopeptidase-dependent cleavage of the natural botulinum neurotoxin type A substrate. These data confirm that the function of the HC domain of C. botulinumneurotoxin type A is limited to binding to cell surface moieties. The data also demonstrate that the endopeptidase and translocation functions of the neurotoxin are effective in a range of cell types, including those of nonneuronal origin. These observations lead to the conclusion that a clostridial endopeptidase conjugate that can be used to investigate SNARE-mediated processes in a variety of cells has been successfully generated.
Steganographic detection in image using the reduction of support vectors

Steganography is the technique for hiding secret information in other data such as still, multimedia images, text, and audio. The steganalysis is the reverse technique in which detection of the secret is done in the stego image. The contourlet transform is a new two dimensional extension of the wavelet transform using multi-scale and directional filter banks. In this paper, we propose a new universal steganalysis method for JPEG images based upon hybrid transform features cosinus discrete and contourlet transform. Then the detection is usually cast as classification problem, we used kernel-based methods for the reducting of the computational cost of classification, by using linear algebra of a kernel Gram matrix of the support vectors SVs low computational cost. The pruning is based on the evaluation of the performance of the classifier which is formed by the reduced SVs in SVM. The feasibility of the evaluation criterion and the effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated.