Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Professional Burnout and Concurrent Health Complaints in Neonatal Nursing

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze nurses’ professional burnout and health complaints and the relationship between the two components. Methods The anonymous survey included 94 neonatal intensive care nurses from two centers of perinatology. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to evaluate professional burnout; it consisted of 3 components, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishments, with 22 items in total. Health complaints were evaluated by 21 items, where nurses were asked to report the occurrence of symptoms within the last year. Scale means were presented with standard deviations (SD). Inferential analysis was conducted with multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, residence, and work experience. Results The mean score of professional burnout on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale was 14.4 (SD=7.91), Depersonalization 3.8 (SD=4.75), and Personal Accomplishment 29.1 (SD=10.12). The health assessment revealed that sleeplessness, lack of rest, nervousness, and tiredness were the most common complaints. The regression analysis revealed that tiredness was independently associated with significantly increased odds of professional burnout (OR=4.1). Conclusions In our study, more than half of the nurses in neonatal intensive care had moderate or high levels of emotional exhaustion, while levels of depersonalization were significantly lower. In contrast, the level of personal accomplishment was low in more than half of the nurses. The most common health complaints were sleep disturbances, nervousness, and tiredness. Tiredness was most strongly associated with professional burnout.
EFFECT OF TEST (BODY) POSITIONS ON ELBOW FLEXOR MUSCLE STRENGTH AMONG HEALTHY SUBJECTS

Background: Strength is a muscle‘s capacity to exert maximal effort or resist maximal opposing force. Muscle strength has been a subject of measurement for many investigators including physiotherapists with diverse techniques employed. The primary aim of this study was to find the relationship between test positions (trunk position) and the elbow flexor muscle strength. Methods: A total of 300 subjects (males=195, females=105) voluntarily participated in the study. The elbow flexor muscle strength was measured using cable tensiometre while the comfort level perceived in each position was evaluated using the modified Borg scale. Results: The result revealed that subjects had a significantly greater (p<0.001) elbow flexor strength when the trunk-hip angle position was 120 0 in both adult male and female subjects. Significantly positive association (r = 0.87, p = 0.01) was found between the muscle strength produced and the comfort intensity level perceived at different body position. Conclusion: The major finding of the study indicated relationship exists between elbow flexor muscle strength and different test (body) positions. It also exists between elbow flexor muscle strength and the perceived comfort level at different test positions. The findings are valuable in evaluation and rehabilitation training of arm/fore-arm injured athletes or patients. It is recommended that during muscle strength testing or strengthening programme, significant consideration should be given to the test (body) position and the degree of comfort derived by the subject or patient.
Measurements of the AC longitudinal resistance of a GaAs-AlGaAs quantum Hall device

Measurements of the AC longitudinal resistance R/sub x/ of a quantum Hall device have been carried out at frequencies from 160 Hz to 16 kHz, with an improved measuring system and a new procedure for rejecting the quadrature component due to stray capacitance. The results show a linear dependence on frequency and an asymmetric shape of the R/sub x/ minimum versus magnetic induction.
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers.

BACKGROUND Pharmaceuticals, while central to medical therapy, pose a significant burden to health care budgets. Therefore regulations to control prescribing costs and improve quality of care are implemented increasingly. These include the use of financial incentives for prescribers, namely increased financial accountability using budgets and performance based payments. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects on drug use, healthcare utilisation, health outcomes and costs (expenditures) of policies, that intend to affect prescribers by means of financial incentives. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the following databases and web sites: Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group Register (August 2003), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (October 2003), MEDLINE (October 2005), EMBASE (October 2005), and other databases. SELECTION CRITERIA Policies were defined as laws, rules, financial and administrative orders made by governments, non-government organisations or private insurers. One of the following outcomes had to be reported: drug use, healthcare utilisation, health outcomes, and costs. The study had to be a randomised or non-randomised controlled trial, interrupted time series analysis, repeated measures study or controlled before-after study evaluating financial incentives for prescribers introduced for a jurisdiction or healthcare system. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed study limitations. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen evaluations of budgetary policies and none of performance based payments met our inclusion criteria. Ten studies evaluated general practice fundholding in the UK, one the Irish Indicative Drug Target Savings Scheme (IDTSS) and two evaluated German drug budgets for physicians in private practice. The interrupted time series analyses had some limitations. All the controlled before-after studies (all from the UK) had serious limitations. Drug expenditure (per item and per patient) and prescribed drug volume decreased with budgets in all three countries. Evidence indicated increased use of generic drugs in the UK and Ireland, but was inconclusive on the use of new and expensive drugs. We found no clear evidence of increased health care utilisation and no studies reporting effects on health. Administration costs were not reported. No studies on the effects of performance-based payments or other policies met our inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the evidence in this review from three Western European countries, drug budgets for physicians in private practice can limit drug expenditure by limiting the volume of prescribed drugs, increasing the use of generic drugs or both. Since the majority of studies included were found to have serious limitations, these results should be interpreted with care.
A multivariate statistical analysis of tool parameters to improve an erase failure of a flash memory device

A multivariate statistical analysis of tool parameters in a stack gate etching was performed to identify variables relating to an erase failure of a flash memory device. A statistical modeling of the extracted parameters was also done to predict (simulate) yields in an erase test. One of extracted parameters was controlled experimentally to improve the erase failure based on the analysis. In the result we found a possibility to improve the erase yield by controlling a tool parameter in the etching process
Flux of particulate matter in the tidal marshes and subtidal shallows of the Rhode River estuary

There was a net influx of suspended particulate matter to the uppermost part of the Rhode River estuary during the several years of this study. Most of the influx was due to episodic discharges of suspended sediment from the watershed during heavy rains. In contrast, tidal exchange of particulate matter was not related to rainstorms. Sediment composition data and historical records indicate that marsh accretion accounts for only 13% of the sediment trapping although marshes occupy 60% of the study area. Influx of particulate matter to the marshes is directly related to the amount of time they are submerged during tidal cycles.
Novel dietary lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of paclitaxel with p-gp inhibitor: implications on cytotoxicity and biopharmaceutical performance

Objectives: This work describes the development and characterization of novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) employing polyunsaturated fatty acids for enhancing the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of paclitaxel (PTX) by coadministration with curcumin (Cu). Methods: Preformulation studies endorsed sesame oil, labrasol, and sodium deoxycholate as lipid surfactants and cosurfactants based on their solubility for the drugs and spontaneity of emulsification to produce nanoemulsions. Further, phase titration studies were performed to identify a suitable nanoemulsion region for preparing the SNEDDS formulation. Results: The prepared formulations were characterized through in vitro, in situ, and in vivo studies to evaluate the biopharmaceutical performance. In vitro drug release studies showed 2.8- to 3.4-fold enhancement in the dissolution rate of both drugs from SNEDDS as compared with the pure drug suspension. Cell line studies revealed 1.5- to 2.7-fold reduction in the cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells by plain PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-Cu-SNEDDS vis-à-vis the PTX-suspension. In situ intestinal perfusion studies revealed significant augmentation in permeability and absorption parameters of drug from PTX-Cu-SNEDDS over the plain PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-suspension (p < 0.001). In vivo pharmacokinetic studies also showed a remarkable improvement (i.e., 5.8- to 6.3-fold) in the oral bioavailability (Cmax and AUC) of the drug from PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-Cu-SNEDDS vis-à-vis the PTX-suspension. Conclusions: Overall, the studies corroborated superior biopharmaceutical performance of PTX-Cu-SNEDDS.
Absorbed fractions for alpha-particles in tissues of cortical bone

Bone-seeking alpha-particle emitting radionuclides are common health physics hazards. Additionally, they are under consideration as an option for therapeutic molecular radiotherapy applications. Current dose models do not account for energy or bone-site dependence as shown by alpha-particle absorbed fractions given in ICRP Publication 30. Energy-dependent, yet bone-site independent, alpha-particle absorbed fractions have been presented by the models of Stabin and Siegel (2003 Health Phys. 85 294–310). In this work, a chord-based computational model of alpha-particle transport in cortical bone has been developed that explicitly accounts for both the bone-site and particle-energy dependence of alpha-particle absorbed fractions in this region of the skeleton. The model accounts for energy deposition to three targets: cortical endosteum, haversian space tissues and cortical bone. Path length distributions for cortical bone given in Beddoe (1977 Phys. Med. Biol. 22 298–308) provided additional transport regions in the absorbed fraction calculation. Significant variations in absorbed fractions between different skeletal sites were observed. Differences were observed between this model and the absorbed fractions given in ICRP Publication 30, which varied by as much as a factor of 2.1 for a cortical bone surface source irradiating cortical endosteum.
F2RL3 methylation, lung cancer incidence and mortality

Smoking accounts for a large share of lung cancer. F2RL3 methylation was recently identified as a biomarker closely reflecting both current and past smoking exposure. We aimed to assess the associations of F2RL3 methylation with lung cancer incidence and mortality. In a large population‐based cohort study, F2RL3 methylation was measured in baseline blood samples of 4,987 participants by MassARRAY. Associations of F2RL3 methylation and smoking with lung cancer incidence/mortality during a median follow‐up of 10.9 years were assessed by Cox regression, controlling for potential confounders. The ability of F2RL3 methylation to predict lung cancer was examined by Harrell's C statistics. Hypomethylation at F2RL3 was strongly associated with both lung cancer incidence and mortality, with age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR; 95% CI) of 9.99 (5.61–17.79) and 16.86 (8.53–33.34), respectively, for participants whose methylation intensity were ≤0.54 compared with whose methylation intensity were ≥0.75. Strongly elevated HRs of 2.88 (1.42–5.84) and 5.17 (2.28–11.70) persisted even after controlling for multiple covariates including smoking status and pack‐years. With fully adjusted HRs of 9.92 (2.88–34.12) and 16.48 (4.10–66.15), the associations between methylation and the two outcomes were particularly strong among participants≥65 years. Combination of F2RL3 methylation and pack‐years predicted lung cancer incidence with high accuracy (optimism‐corrected Harrell's C statistics = 0.86 for participants≥65 years). These findings suggested that F2RL3 methylation is a very strong predictor of lung cancer risk and mortality, particularly at older age. The potential implications of F2RL3 methylation for early detection, risk stratification and prevention of lung cancer warrant further exploration.
Optimal supply voltage selection through a multiobjective design strategy

Power consumption has become an increasingly important VLSI parameter primarily due to increased clock frequencies and integration. The advent of system-on-chip design, utilising ULSI scales of integration, increases the requirement for high-level CAD tools capable of power reduction. This paper presents a stochastic, multiobjective CAD tool that synthesises low-voltage signal-processing systems. The multiobjective nature of the tool enables a range of low-voltage systems to be synthesised, permitting the selection of the system that best meets the global requirements of the system-on-chip. Results are presented which illustrate the design information created for typical signal processing algorithms.
A comparison of two approaches for adaptive sampling of environmental processes using autonomous underwater vehicles

Two classes of adaptive sampling of underwater processes are considered for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications. The first approach is based on estimating parameters of an assumed process model using either Kalman filter or least squares techniques. The second, nonparametric approach is based on information-theoretic concepts and incorporates a classification phase in lieu of a process model. Two applications of each method are evaluated for processes with closed boundaries. Specifically, we utilize a finite element simulation of neutral tracer injection advected by a turbulent flow field
The Neurodevelopment of Autism : Recent Advances

During the past several decades researchers have been trying to show that people with autism have definitive brain damage. However, despite the use of more sophisticated brain scanning and imaging methods that have recently become available, there is no evidence of "brain damage" per se. As Bauman (1993), who has conducted some of the most thorough and detailed neuroanatomical examination of human brains from autopsy material has stated "there is no evidence of 'brain damage' in the usual sense. " Earlier Tsai (1989) had come to a similar conclusion when he reported that "results from neuropathological and brain imaging studies strongly suggest that the cerebral defect in autism is microscopic or functional, without gross neuroanatomical pathology. "
Wound-healing effects of human dermal components with gelatin dressing

There have been numerous investigations regarding various types of dressings and artificial dermis of solid form, yet limited research and development on paste types, such as hydrogels with dermal powder, have ensued. In this study, we compared the in vivo wound healing effects of gelatin paste containing dermal powder to a collagen type I/chondroitin 6-sulfate (coll/chondroitin) sponge and gelatin alone, after 48 days post grafting, in a skin wound rat model. In the dermis powder/gelatin paste-treated group, wound area contraction was minimized 50%, while in the gelatin and coll/chondroitin sponge groups, the initial area contracted 83–85% and 79–85%, respectively. Histological analysis revealed the wounds treated with dermal powder/gelatin were associated with many fibroblasts, which infiltrated the wound bed, as well as thick collagen bundles that were arranged in dendritic arrays, resembling normal skin. Furthermore, in contrast to the gelatin- and coll/chondroitin sponge-treated groups, the powder/gelatin paste-treated wounds exhibited an abundance of elastic fibers (Victoria blue staining) and extensive formation of blood vessels around the dermis (CD31 staining). Therefore, the dermis powder/gelatin paste not only renders convenience to users but also has prominent wound-healing effects on full-thickness wounds.
Production Staging: Measurement and Facts

What is the average number of production stages for the US? Is production more vertically fragmented now than decades ago? Do upstream or downstream stages contribute to a larger share of value-added? To answer these questions, I develop two simple measures of vertical fragmentation of production chains across plants using input-output tables. Against common belief, I find that production has become less vertically fragmented over the past 50 years, whether I include services or focus only on tradable goods. An important part of this overall reduction in production staging reflects a shift of value-added towards industries that are closer to final demand, while upstream industries contribute less to the value of final goods. Looking at changes within industries, the production of more complex goods appears to be relatively less fragmented but these goods exhibit the largest increase in the number of production stages. Also, I show that international trade has provided new opportunities to fragment production and, to a small extent, dampened the overall decline in vertical fragmentation. Finally, I provide an alternative application of this index to the study of comparative advantage along production chains: I find evidence that goods that involve fewer production stages and goods that are closer to final demand are more likely to be imported to the US from rich countries.
Biodegradable Polymers for Ocular Drug Delivery

A variety of ocular drug delivery systems, including a controlled release of the drug, drug targeting, and penetration enhancement of the drug, have been investigated. Biodegradable polymers have been widely used as the drug carrier for controlled-release systems. Biodegradable polymers release the drug as they themselves degrade and are finally absorbed within the body. Several ocular drug delivery systems using different kinds of biodegradable polymers have been studied. In this article, we describe the fundamental mechanisms of drug delivery systems, polymer erosion and drug release, and then review those systems using the most popular biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-glycolic acid).
Yeast Los1p Has Properties of an Exportin-Like Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Factor for tRNA

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae Los1p, which is genetically linked to the nuclear pore protein Nsp1p and several tRNA biogenesis factors, was recently grouped into the family of importin/karyopherin-β-like proteins on the basis of its sequence similarity. In a two-hybrid screen, we identified Nup2p as a nucleoporin interacting with Los1p. Subsequent purification of Los1p from yeast demonstrates its physical association not only with Nup2p but also with Nsp1p. By the use of the Gsp1p-G21V mutant, Los1p was shown to preferentially bind to the GTP-bound form of yeast Ran. Furthermore, overexpression of full-length or N-terminally truncated Los1p was shown to have dominant-negative effects on cell growth and different nuclear export pathways. Finally, Los1p could interact with Gsp1p-GTP, but only in the presence of tRNA, as revealed in an indirect in vitro binding assay. These data confirm the homology between Los1p and the recently identified human exportin for tRNA and reinforce the possibility of a role for Los1p in nuclear export of tRNA in yeast.
A high-resolution whole-genome map of the distinctive epigenomic landscape induced by butyrate in bovine cells.

This report presents a study utilizing next-generation sequencing technology, combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) technology to analyze histone modification induced by butyrate and to construct a high-definition map of the epigenomic landscape with normal histone H3 and H4 and their variants in bovine cells at the whole-genome scale. A total of 10 variants of histone H3 and H4 modifications were mapped at the whole-genome scale (acetyl-H3K18-ChIP-seq, trimethy-H3K9, histone H4 ChIP-seq, acetyl-H4K5 ChIP-seq, acetyl-H4K12 ChIP-seq, acetyl-H4K16 ChIP-seq, histone H3 ChIP-seq, acetyl H3H9 ChIP-seq, acetyl H3K27 ChIP-seq and tetra-acetyl H4 ChIP-seq). Integrated experiential data and an analysis of histone and histone modification at a single base resolution across the entire genome are presented. We analyzed the enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter (within 5 kb upstream or at the 5'-untranslated region from the transcriptional start site (TSS)), and the exon, intron and intergenic regions (defined by regions 25 kb upstream and 10 kb downstream from the TSS). A de novo search for the binding motif of the 10 ChIP-seq datasets discovered numerous motifs from each of the ChIP-seq datasets. These consensus sequences indicated that histone modification at different locations changes the histone H3 and H4 binding preferences. Nevertheless, a high degree of conservation in histone binding also was presented in these motifs. This first extensive epigenomic landscape mapping in bovine cells offers a new framework and a great resource for testing the role of epigenomes in cell function and transcriptomic regulation.
A study on diversity in classifier ensembles

In this thesis we carry out a series of investigations into the relationship between diversity and combination methods and diversity and AdaBoost. In our first investigation we study the relationships between nine combination methods. Two data sets are used. We consider the overall accuracies of the combination methods, their improvement over the single best classifier, and the correlation between the ensemble outputs using the different combination methods. Next we introduce ten diversity measures. Using the same two data sets, we study the relationships between the diversity measures. Then we look at their relationship to the combination methods previously studied. The ranges of the ten diversity measures for three classifiers are derived. They are compared with the theoretical ranges and their implications for the accuracy of the ensemble are studied. We then proceed to investigate the diversity of classifier ensembles built using the AdaBoost algorithm. We carry out experiments with two datasets using ten-fold cross validation. We build 100 classifiers each time using linear classifiers, quadratic classifiers or neural networks. We study how diversity varies as the classifier ensemble grows and how the different types of classifier compare. Next we consider ways of improving AdaBoost's performance. We conduct an investigation into how modifying the size of the training sets and the complexity of the individual classifiers alter the ensemble's performance. We carry out experiments using three datasets. Lastly we consider using pareto optimality to determine which classifiers built by AdaBoost to add to the ensemble. We carry out experiments with ten datasets. We compare standard AdaBoost to AdaBoost with two versions of the Pareto-optimality method called Pareto 5 and Pareto 10, to see whether we can reduce the ensemble size without harming the ensemble accuracy.