Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Counts as Language in South African Schooling?: Monoglossic Ideologies and Children's Participation.

This paper focuses on the lack of impact on language education of recent paradigm shifts in the study of language and society such as the recognition of the ideology of language[s] as stable, discrete or bounded entities and the reality of heteroglossic languaging and semiotic practices in everyday life. Using South Africa as a case, the paper explores the implications of heteroglossic conceptualising of language as social practice for language education through three ethnographically informed case studies of classroom discourse. I will argue that monoglossic orientations which ironically underpin both monolingual and “multilingual” approaches have wide-ranging constraining effects on how children are positioned in schooling, and on children’s participation in classrooms, resulting in a form of ‘epistemic injustice’ (Fricker, 2007).
Robust 3D Car Shape Estimation from Landmarks in Monocular Image

The reconstruction of 3D object shape from monocular image is inherently an illposed problem. And it suffers significant performance degradation when large errors are present. In this paper, we propose a robust model to estimate 3D shape from 2D landmarks with unknown camera pose. The 3D shape of the object is assumed as a linear combination of predefined shape basis. To handle severely contaminated observations, we explicitly model the outliers as sparse noise. The objective function hence is nonconvex and non-smooth constrained on Stiefel manifold, where the coupling of the unknown shape representation coefficients and camera pose makes it more difficult to solve. We then propose a numerical algorithm based on Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers to optimize it. We set the orthogonality constraints into the smooth sub-problem, which admits a closed-form solution. The proposed algorithm can achieve convergence rapidly. Experimental results both in controlled experiments and on real data show that, the proposed method outperforms the other methods.
Sizing and layout integrated optimizer for 28nm analog circuits using digital PnR tools

The design of analog blocks is a bottleneck in a mixed-signal system designs due to the time-consuming layout step needing human intervention at each iteration of the optimization phase. In this paper, we propose a global automatic sizing and layout integrated methodology for analog block sizing including post-layout verification. The proposed optimizer is based on commercial digital place and route tools for the layout step and does not require custom layout procedures or dedicated layout-template framework. An analog cell library in LEF format with transistor, resistance and capacitance layout is used by the PnR tool allowing placement and routing of these elements. A post-layout netlist with parasitic resistances and capacitances as well as proximity effects is then extracted from generated the GDS file for post-layout simulation. A genetic algorithm is implemented as an optimization kernel allowing automatic sizing iteration. The optimizer is demonstrated in an advanced 28nm FDSOI process on typical analog blocks (two-stage basic amplifier, low-noise amplifier, ΔVT voltage reference and digital-controller oscillator).
Transient Radiation Element Method for Three-Dimensional Scattering, Absorbing, and Emitting Media

In this study transient radiative heat transfer is investigated in scattering, absorbing, and emitting media. The radiation element method is formulated for the first time to solve the transient radiative transfer equation in 3-D geometries. The sensitivity and accuracy of the method are examined. A good agreement of temporal transmittance predicted by the present method and Monte Carlo method is found. The characteristics of transient analysis are investigated via various problems of radiative transfer in inhomogeneous cubes. It is found that the transmitted signals are strongly affected by the inhomogeneous properties of the media through which the radiation has passed. In the position where the radiation travels a larger optical thickness, the broadening of the transmitted pulse width is more obvious and the magnitude of the transmittance is smaller.
Optimizing explicit data transfers for data parallel applications on the cell architecture

In this paper we investigate a general approach to automate some deployment decisions for a certain class of applications on multi-core computers. We consider data-parallelizable programs that use the well-known double buffering technique to bring the data from the off-chip slow memory to the local memory of the cores via a DMA (direct memory access) mechanism. Based on the computation time and size of elementary data items as well as DMA characteristics, we derive optimal and near optimal values for the number of blocks that should be clustered in a single DMA command. We then extend the results to the case where a computation for one data item needs some data in its neighborhood. In this setting we characterize the performance of several alternative mechanisms for data sharing. Our models are validated experimentally using a cycle-accurate simulator of the Cell Broadband Engine architecture.
Kakadu and the Politics of World Heritage Listing

As part of the global environmental movement, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) is the centrepiece of international efforts to protect sites of important natural and cultural heritage. It selects sites for heritage listing after receiving nominations from state parties to the Heritage Convention. The prestige and international recognition of heritage listing have been suf cient incentives for states to nominate important sites. To ensure that only universally signi cant sites are inscribed on the world heritage list, the selection process is strict and relies on the advice and evaluation of scienti c agencies af liated with the WHC. Heritagelisted sites are plan-managed and the WHC has had considerable success in protecting them from environmental degradation. Among sites that have been inscribed on the list of world heritage sites are the Great Wall of China, the Persepolis in Iran, the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, Yellowstone National Park and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial.
The Math Frame

waving a stack of papers. She has been highlighting math word problems in every unit, but her sixth-grade students are still having difficulties. She is particularly concerned about some of her students with learning difficulties because of the effects of their academic challenges in reading recognition, comprehension, math calculations, and written expression, as well as difficulties in planning and organizing information. But it is obvious that many of her typically achieving students are also becoming frustrated with the increasingly difficult word problems that she is assigning and the need for them to explain in writing how they arrive at the answer. Ms. Tahja tells her colleagues that she has taught her students to circle the key operation terms like “more than” and “altogether”; she has told them to underline the important information, cross out irrelevant information, and then solve the problem. However, some of her students underline everything and, even when they are able to follow her instructions, get confused when multiple steps are involved to solve the word problem. They just don’t seem to know where to start. Her colleagues agree that they are frustrated with the progress their students are making in the area of word problems as well, but know that their obligation to adhere to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for mathematical practice highlights the importance of having their students successfully solve real-life mathematics applications.
Solution patterns for realtime streaming analytics

Large-scale data analytics has received much attention under the theme "Big Data". Big data usecases have found a wide range of applications from individual health monitoring to urban planning. Even at this initial stage, big data has demonstrated it's potential to transform the world. Although most early use cases used batch processing technologies like MapReduce, there are many usecases such as stock markets, traffic, surveillance, and patient monitoring that need realtime analytics. Realtime Analytics Technologies like Apache Storm, Spark Streaming, and several Complex Event Processing systems have received attention under realtime analytics. However, most practitioners still focus on implementing realtime analytics from the scratch. There is no common shared understanding about how to implement those analytics usecases among the early adopters. This tutorial tries to address this gap by describing thirteen common relatime analytics patterns and explaining how to implement them. In the discussion, we will draw heavily from real life usecases done under Complex Event Processing and other technologies.
Educational Reform, Personal Practical Theories, and Dissatisfaction: The Anatomy of Change in College Science Teaching

The Teacher-Centered Systemic Reform model (TCSR) recognizes teaching context, teacher characteristics, teacher thinking, and their interactions as influential factors in attempts to implement classroom reform. Using the TCSR model, teachers’ personal practical theories, and conceptual change as a framework, the authors of this article studied three college science faculty members as they designed and implemented an integrated, inquiry-based science course. The documentation and analysis of context, instructors’ knowledge and beliefs, and teaching episodes allowed the authors to identify and study the interaction of factors, including grant support, that shape reform attempts. The results suggest that grant-supported mitigation of structural barriers is a necessary but insufficient precursor to change and that personal practical theories are the most powerful influence on instructional practice. The findings highlight the critical role of pedagogical and contextual dissatisfaction in creating a context for fundamental change.
Blackboard segmentation using video image of lecture and its applications

We propose a method for segmentation of written regions on a blackboard in the lecture room using a video image. We first detect the static edges of which locations on the image are stationary. Next, we extract several rectangular regions in which these static edges are located densely. Finally, by use of fuzzy rules, the extracted rectangles are merges as contextual regions, where letters and figures in each contextual region explain each context. We apply our method to automatic production of lecture video, and archives segmentation of written regions on the blackboard in lecture rooms.
The Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment: A Factorial Validity Study

The present study attempts to determine the factorial validity of scores on the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment in a normative population of mothers and their 12-month-old infants. Parent, child, and dyadic items scored from free play interactions were analyzed as separate components of the instrument. Scores on three parent, three infant, and two dyadic subscales were examined for reliability and convergent and discriminant validity using confirmatory factor analysis. To provide confidence in the results, a factorial invariance study using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using a separate sample. All subscale scores demonstrated high levels of internal consistency, with coefficients ranging from . 75 to . 96. Evidence was also found for convergent and discriminant validity.
Genetics and Biomarkers of Moyamoya Disease: Significance of RNF213 as a Susceptibility Gene

Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Although its etiology is still unknown, recent genome-wide and locus-specific association studies identified RNF213 as an important susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease among East Asian population. A polymorphism in c.14576G>A in RNF213 was identified in 95% of familial patients with moyamoya disease and 79% of sporadic cases, and patients having this polymorphism were found to have significantly earlier disease onset and a more severe form of moyamoya disease, such as the presentation of cerebral infarction and posterior cerebral artery stenosis. The exact mechanism by which the RNF213 abnormality relates to moyamoya disease remains unknown, while recent reports using genetically engineered mice lacking RNF213 by homologous recombination provide new insight for the pathogenesis of this rare entity. Regarding biomarkers of moyamoya disease, moyamoya disease is characterized by an increased expression of angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which may partly explain its clinical manifestations of the pathologic angiogenesis, spontaneous hemorrhage, and higher incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion after revascularization surgery. More recently, blockade of these pro-inflammatory molecules during perioperative period is attempted to reduce the potential risk of surgical complication including cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. In this review article, we focus on the genetics and biomarkers of moyamoya disease, and sought to discuss their clinical implication.
Developing a Scale for Measuring Uncertainty in Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Undergoing Endovascular Coiling

A measure called the Uncertainty in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Patients Undergoing Endovascular Coiling Scale (UUIACS) was developed and its validity and reliability were examined. The 49 questions that comprised the original draft of the UUIACS were created based on interview data. Based on data from 172 participants, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the UUIACS e retained 17 items and extracted four factors (“Lack of decision-making cues”, “Lack of information and complexity of information interpretation”, “The ambiguous nature of the disease”, and “The unpredictable living with UIA”). All of the UUIACS items showed adequate internal consistency. Between the UUIAC scale and the Universal Uncertainty in Illness Scale (UUIS), the Health Locus of Control (HLC) scale, and the SF-36v2® (Japanese version), positive correlations were found between the UUIACS and UUIS, and the HLC scale at a 1% significance level indicating concurrent validity. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the UUIACS had an acceptable goodness of fit. Given these findings, the UUIACS was judged to have satisfied the criteria for use in a clinical setting, although further investigation was required.
Performance Evaluation of Location Management Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

With the availability of location based services, applications that use locations for optimal performance will require efficient location management algorithms, where user locations are kept track with minimal system overhead. Geography based routing in mobile ad hoc networks is one such application that uses location information of nodes in a network to route data packets. Previous work in this area has shown that the selection of location management protocol is critical to the performance of such routing algorithms. Many location management schemes have been proposed in literature, and in an effort to quantitatively compare the performance of some of these schemes, we carry out extensive simulations to study SLURP, SLALoM and HGRID, three grid based protocols described in literature. Our study is two pronged – to compare the performance of location management with network mobility as well as traffic load, and to evaluate the effect these protocols have on the performance of geographic routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Our results show that the Hierarchical Grid Location Management protocol (HGRID) achieves steady performance for data throughput and delay, and minimally affects the performance of geographic routing.
An exploration of Indonesian nurses’ perceptions of barriers to paediatric pain management

There is a dearth of research in Indonesia regarding pain management in children. Previous studies have identified that although a variety of research and clinical studies on all aspects of pain have been conducted in many countries, children continue to experience moderate to severe pain during hospitalization. Greater research efforts are needed to identify and explore the factors that impede effective pain management in children. To address this gap, the researchers conducted an exploratory descriptive qualitative study to capture Indonesian nurses’ perceptions of barriers to paediatric pain management in two hospitals. Using purposive sampling, data were collected from 37 nurses through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Findings indicated that nurses working in Indonesian paediatric wards felt that they were not able to provide effective pain care to hospitalized children. Nurses identified several organizational structural and cultural factors that were thought to hinder their provision of effective pain care to paediatric patients. These factors are embedded in nurses’ clinical practice. The study findings can assist to inform relevant initiatives and strategies to improve clinical nurses’ performance and competency in providing effective pain care to paediatric patients.
The Impact of Religiosity on Adolescent Sexual Behavior:

Longitudinal studies published between 1980 and 2001 (N = 10) are reviewed for evidence that the religiosity of adolescents is causally related to their sexual behaviors. Results indicate that religiosity delays the sexual debut of adolescent females. Findings are mixed for adolescent males. Although only half of the studies examined the effects of race and ethnicity, results of these studies reported similar effects for White and Black adolescents. These findings are discussed in light of their implications for researchers, educators, policy makers, and others concerned with adolescent sexual health and wellbeing.
The Role of School Support in Emerging Adulthood: Facilitating a Healthy Transition in Identity

THE ROLE OF SCHOOL SUPPORT IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD: FACILITATING A HEALTHY TRANSITION IN IDENTITY Blake A. Johnson, Master of Science George Mason University, 2010 Thesis Director: Dr. Kimberly Sheridan This study seeks to clarify the transition to adulthood and the relevance of school support on that transition. Young, emerging adults (n = 41) between the ages of 23-29 were questioned about their transition to adulthood and the prior helpfulness of their high school experience. Demographic information was collected, in addition to qualitative and quantitative ratings of school support. Participant definitions of adulthood were characterized in six trait categories: productivity, independence, communication, relational abilities, financial abilities, and being “adult-like. ” Participants rated the level of school support for productivity at the highest levels, while trait areas of relational and financial abilities were rated lowest. Participants in a follow up survey said their school could have done more to emphasize relevant adult traits. Implications of these responses are discussed, along with related research inquiries.
Eventscapes and the creation of event legacies

Attention is directed to the difference in event legacies created by mega-events which often cause dramatic physical changes in urban environments and those which accompany events which leave very little imprint on the landscape where they are held. The Tour Down Under cycle race, which is held annually in South Australia, is examined as an example of the latter. The spatial pattern of the event and the range of settings which support it are presented as an eventscape by drawing on concepts such as Bale's [1994. Landscapes of Modern Sport. Leicester: Leicester University Press] sportscape and Bitner's [1992. “Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees. ” The Journal of Marketing 56 (2): 57–71] servicescape. These interpretations are used to identify legacies. It is suggested that the creation of positive legacies requires communities that are part of the eventscape to engage in imaginative leveraging that is consistent with long-term strategic objectives. The paper offers a new definition of eventscape.
Protocol Reverse Engineering Based on DynamoRIO

Research on Protocol Reverse Engineering is of great significance in network security applications. This paper firstly describes the existing Protocol Reverse Engineering technologies, and then detailedly analyses their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a new approach of unknown Protocol reverse extraction based on DynamoRIO is proposed, adopting both dynamic binary analysis and dynamic taint analysis techniques to extract protocol format from the data flow information revealed by the protocol application while processing the protocol data.
Effects of short-term training on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during exercise in hot conditions.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is evidence that extensive training in cool conditions results in improvements to heat dissipation that contribute to successful acclimatisation. In horses, the effects of a less extensive training regimen have not been determined. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether 10 consecutive days of moderate intensity treadmill training in cool conditions would improve thermoregulatory and sweating responses of horses to exercise in the heat. METHODS Six unfit Thoroughbred horses completed a standardised treadmill exercise test (SET) in hot, dry conditions (32-34 °C, 45-55% RH) before (SET1) and after (SET2) 10 consecutive days of running at 55% VO2max for 60 min in cool conditions (19-21°C, 45-55% RH). Each SET consisted of a 5 min warm-up and cool down at a walk, 40 min of trotting (50% VO2max), 7 min at 75% VO2max and a 30 min standing recovery. Bodyweight was determined pre- and post SET. Heart rate, rectal, skin, pulmonary artery and muscle temperatures were measured throughout the SETs and sweating rate (SR) and sweat ion losses determined for each 5 min interval. RESULTS Following training, mean VO2max increased by 8.9% (P < 0.05). In SET2, PCV was lower during the last 30 min of exercise and end-exercise rectal, muscle and pulmonary artery temperatures were decreased by 1.5 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.2 °C, respectively (P < 0.05). Peak SR and the pattern of sweat ion losses during exercise was unchanged post training whereas SR and sweat losses during recovery were decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Similar SRs for a given core temperature during exercise but a more rapid decrease in recovery resulted in an overall reduction in sweat fluid losses with no change in sweat ion losses after training. RELEVANCE The results provide insight into the extent to which short-term training can improve the capacity of horses to exercise in hot conditions.
A Factor Analytic Study of the Internet Usage Scale

This study developed an Internet Usage Scale (IUS) for use with adolescent populations. The IUS is a 26-item scale that measures participants’ beliefs about how their Internet usage impacts their behavior. The sample for this study consisted of 947 middle school students. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted on the data that yielded an initial three-factor solution. However, after eliminating items that provided redundant variance, the three-factor solution was unacceptable. A two-factor solution was investigated and found to be acceptable. The first factor was termed “SELF-DETACHMENT” and accounted for 19.16% of the variance. The second factor was termed “USAGE” and accounted for 9.10% of the variance. These psychometric properties show promise for further exploration of Internet usage among adolescents.