Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristics of Classical Scrapie Outbreaks in 30 Sheep Flocks in the United Kingdom

Background Most previous analyses of scrapie outbreaks have focused on flocks run by research institutes, which may not reflect the field situation. Within this study, we attempt to rectify this deficit by describing the epidemiological characteristics of 30 sheep flocks naturally-infected with classical scrapie, and by exploring possible underlying causes of variation in the characteristics between flocks, including flock-level prion protein (PrP) genotype profile. In total, the study involved PrP genotype data for nearly 8600 animals and over 400 scrapie cases. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that most scrapie cases were restricted to just two PrP genotypes (ARQ/VRQ and VRQ/VRQ), though two flocks had markedly different affected genotypes, despite having similar underlying genotype profiles to other flocks of the same breed; we identified differences amongst flocks in the age of cases of certain PrP genotypes; we found that the age-at-onset of clinical signs depended on peak incidence and flock type; we found evidence that purchasing infected animals is an important means of introducing scrapie to a flock; we found some evidence that flock-level PrP genotype profile and flock size account for variation in outbreak characteristics; identified seasonality in cases associated with lambing time in certain flocks; and we identified one case that was homozygous for phenylalanine at codon 141, a polymorphism associated with a very high risk of atypical scrapie, and 28 cases that were heterozygous at this codon. Conclusions/Significance This paper presents the largest study to date on commercially-run sheep flocks naturally-infected with classical scrapie, involving 30 study flocks, more than 400 scrapie cases and over 8500 PrP genotypes. We show that some of the observed variation in epidemiological characteristics between farms is related to differences in their PrP genotype profile; although much remains unexplained and may instead be attributed to the stochastic nature of scrapie dynamics.
PENGEMBANGAN ASESMEN HASIL BELAJAR PENJASORKES SISWA SMA PADA PERMAINAN BOLAVOLI

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan instrumen asesmen yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur hasil belajar pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan siswa SMA pada permainan bolavoli. Penelitian pengembangan mengadopsi penelitian pengembangan Borg and Gall dengan 10 langkah. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan pada siswa Sekolah Laboratorium Olahraga FIK UNY yang berjumlah 24 anak dan uji coba skala besar pada siswa SMAN 1 Yogyakarta, SMAN 2 Wates, SMAN 1 Seyegan, SMAN 1 Sewon, dan SMAN 1 Tanjung Sari berjumlah 120 anak. Instrumen pengumpul data berupa pedoman observasi, sedangkan analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis diskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah instrumen pengamatan hasil belajar siswa penjasorkes pada permainan bolavoli yang memiliki indikator, deskripsi, rubrik, prosedur asesmen. Validitas isi berdasarkan expert judgement termasuk kategori baik dan reliabilitas interrater dengan paket program Genova menghasilkan koefisen sebesar 0,82, dan Cohen’s Kappa sebesar 0,79. Kesimpulan penelitian berdasarkan pendapat para guru ialah instrumen ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar penjasorkes siswa SMA pada permainan bolavoli. Kata kunci: asesmen hasil belajar, pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan, permainan bolavoli ______________________________________________________________ DEVELOPING THE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR THE STUDENT OF PHYSICAL, SPORTS, AND HEALTH EDUCATION IN VOLLEYBALL GAME FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Abtract This study aims to produce valid and reliable assessment instruments and to measure the learning outcomes for the students of physical, sport and health education in volleyball game for senior high schools. The research and development model chosen was the model developed by Borg & Gall, with a procedure consisting of ten stages. The field test sample consisted of the 24 students of the sports laboratory school for volleyball of the Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University and the large-scale tests were on students of SMAN 1 Yogyakarta, Wates SMAN 2, SMAN 1 Seyegan, SMAN 1 Sewon, and SMAN 1 Tanjung Sari totaling 120 students. The instrument to collect data was observation sheet, whereas data analysis used descriptive analysis. The result of the study is an instrument for assessing the learning outcomes of physical, sports, and health education for the volleyball game that includes indicators, descriptions, and rubrics of performances, and the content validity game based on expert judgment which is good based on expert judgment; Reliability coefficient of the instrument for assessing the practice of the volleyball game by means of the Genova package program is 0.82 and that by means of Cohen’s Kappa is 0.79, both satisfy the reliability requirements. Based on the the teachers’ opinions, these instruments can be used to measure student learning outcomes of physical, sport and health education at volleyball game in high schools. Keywords : assessment of learning outcomes, physical sports and health education, volleyball game
The Role of Human Herpesvirus 8 Molecular Characterization in the Management of HIV Infected Patients Diagnosed with Malignancies Associated with Its Infection

Despite the progress has been reached with Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) research, there are gaps in the knowledge of viral induced oncogenesis. The aim of the present study was to identify possible associations between HHV-8 subtypes, HHV-8 loads and clinical manifestations of HIV infected patients diagnosed with different malignancies associated with HHV-8 infection. Forty six HIV-1 infected individuals diagnosed with different HHV-8 associated diseases were studied [37 epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), 3 pleural effusion lymphoma (PEL); 5 peripheral lymphadenopathies (PL); 1 Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL); 1 non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)]. HHV-8 loads were determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) whilst HHV-8 subtypes were determined by open-reading frame (ORF)-K1 gen genotyping. HHV-8 subtypes B, A, C, A5 and E were exhibited by 31.8%, 23.4%, 19.1%, 17% and 8.5% of the studied patients, respectively. The median HHV-8 viral load did not differ between subtypes (p > 0.05) but HHV-8 viral loads were significantly higher in PEL than in epidemic KS lesion or lymph nodes (p = 0.04). Subtype B was detected in 60% of patients with B cell lymphoma (NHL, PEL and HL) whereas subtype E was only detected in patients with epidemic KS diagnosis. Our data suggest that HHV-8 DNA quantification instead of subtype identification could be used as a surrogate marker for monitoring its infection, not only in epidemic KS patients but also in HIV infected individuals with lymphoproliferative disorders.
Women in Leadership: Performance and Interpersonal Consequences of Stereotype Threat

Women in leadership positions may experience stereotype threat when explicitly or implicitly reminded of gender and leader stereotypes. Increased worry about potentially confirming the stereotype should affect their behavior and perceptions in leadership situations. I used a 3 (article) x 2 (confederate gender) between-participants design. Female participants read an article that either made stereotypes explicit (explicit threat), countered stereotypes (threat nullification), or did not include stereotype-relevant information (implicit threat) and were assigned to lead a male or female confederate through the construction of a Lego model. I hypothesized that women in the implicit threat conditions (implicit article; male confederate) would objectively and subjectively perform worse than women in the explicit and nullification article conditions and those working with a female confederate. Women should experience the situation more negatively in conditions of threat (explicit and implicit articles; male confederate). Confederate perceptions of the participants should be more negative, except competence, when participants performed well (explicit and nullification article; female confederate). Results partially supported the hypotheses. Women who led men objectively performed worse, perceived their own performance as worse, were perceived as less competent and overall less favorably by their employees, and experienced the situation more negatively than women who led women. The article had little impact on participants and outcomes. The findings suggest that female leaders may be unintentionally undermining themselves when stereotype reminders are present, such as when asked to lead a man in a masculine task. Experiencing stereotype threat may influence women to opt out of leadership due to their negative experiences and they may not earn promotions due to poor performance and coworkers’ negative perceptions of their behavior.
Power distance and group dynamics of an international project team: a case study

Project-based team activities are commonly used in higher education. Teams comprised of members from different national cultures can be faced with unique challenges during the creative process. Hofstede's (1991) cultural dimension of power distance was used to examine one such design team's intra- and inter-group interactions in a graduate-level educational technology course in the United States. This case study analysis utilized data from observations, participant interviews and a questionnaire to determine what impact power distance had on team process. Low power distance was one factor that enabled Team Alpha to avoid potential conflicts, conflicts they were not able to avoid with their partner team. Rather than viewing themselves as a group of four individuals from different cultures, Team Alpha members developed their own culture, one specifically in opposition to that of predominantly American student teams. A power distance stance was one component of this opposition.
A New Perspective on the Effects of First-Grade Teachers on Children's Subsequent Adult Status

In this article Eigil Pedersen, Therese Annette Faucher, and William W. Eaton have taken on one of the most difficult questions in educational research: the impact of the classroom teacher on children's adult status. The authors detail the results of a research project of unconventional methodology and Unusually long duration. They sought originally to examine atypical IQ changes but came to focus on the enduring effects of one remarkable first-grade teacher. Drawing upon the idea of the "self-fulfilling prophecy," the authors relate the effects of teachers' attitudes and resultant behavior to the subsequent adult status of sixty children. Their conclusion, in contrast to that of many recent studies, is that the classroom teacher may have a significant effect on children's chances for success in later life.
Low Level of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Predicts an Unfavorable Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Background Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional receptor involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and cell signaling. The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and mechanism of LRP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods LRP1 expression in 4 HCC cell lines and 40 HCC samples was detected. After interruption of LRP1 expression in a HCC cell line either with specific lentiviral-mediated shRNA LRP1 or in the presence of the LRP1-specific chaperone, receptor-associated protein (RAP), the role of LRP1 in the migration and invasion of HCC cells was assessed in vivo and in vitro, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 in cells and the bioactivity of MMP9 in the supernatant were assayed. The expression and prognostic value of LRP1 were investigated in 327 HCC specimens. Results Low LRP1 expression was associated with poor HCC prognosis, with low expression independently related to shortened overall survival and increased tumor recurrence rate. Expression of LRP1 in non-recurrent HCC samples was significantly higher than that in early recurrent samples. LRP1 expression in HCC cell lines was inversely correlated with their metastatic potential. After inhibition of LRP1, low-metastatic SMCC-7721 cells showed enhanced migration and invasion and increased expression and bioactivity of MMP9. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between LRP1 and MMP9 expression in HCC patients. The prognostic value of LRP1 expression was validated in the independent data set. Conclusions LRP1 modulated the level of MMP9 and low level of LRP1 expression was associated with aggressiveness and invasiveness in HCCs. LRP1 offered a possible strategy for tumor molecular therapy.
Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (PreBERS): Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Children with Disabilities

This article reports three studies that evaluated the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (PreBERS) (Epstein & Synhorst, 2009). First, teachers rated 63 children receiving school services for disability on the PreBERS, with two ratings one month apart. Second, paraprofessionals rated the same children on the PreBERS, with two ratings one month apart. Third, teacher and paraprofessional ratings were compared for inter-rater reliability between these observers. Correlations were large to very large in each of these studies, indicating that the PreBERS is a stable measure across time and raters. Recommendations for use of the PreBERS with preschool children with disabilities as well as directions for future research are discussed.
After the hate media

During the past 15 years Central Africa, and specifically Burundi, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, have been through devastating wars in which the media became actors. In 1993, some Burundese newspapers were described as ‘hate media’ and one year later Radio télévision mille collines (RTLM) in Rwanda became the first of those described as ‘death media’, preparing minds for genocide and helping in its implementation. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, in1998, certain newspapers took to inciting ethnic hatred and violence towards some Congolese citizens. By 2006, when this research was completed, these three countries were undergoing fragile peace processes and trying to rebuild themsleves. The media certainly have a major role to play in helping to soothe the hatred and move people from different communities back into dialogue. But how should the media sector be reorganized in countries where the media have contributed to killings? What is the best way to find a balance between freedom and control in a context where the microphone and the pen have been weapons of murder? This is one of the main issues that must be addressed by the communications regulatory bodies which have been established to support press freedom and to organize and monitor the media landscape.
Modified Mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian Method Based on Numerical Framework of MT3DMS on Cauchy Boundary

MT3DMS, a modular three‐dimensional multispecies transport model, has long been a popular model in the groundwater field for simulating solute transport in the saturated zone. However, the method of characteristics (MOC), modified MOC (MMOC), and hybrid MOC (HMOC) included in MT3DMS did not treat Cauchy boundary conditions in a straightforward or rigorous manner, from a mathematical point of view. The MOC, MMOC, and HMOC regard the Cauchy boundary as a source condition. For the source, MOC, MMOC, and HMOC calculate the Lagrangian concentration by setting it equal to the cell concentration at an old time level. However, the above calculation is an approximate method because it does not involve backward tracking in MMOC and HMOC or allow performing forward tracking at the source cell in MOC. To circumvent this problem, a new scheme is proposed that avoids direct calculation of the Lagrangian concentration on the Cauchy boundary. The proposed method combines the numerical formulations of two different schemes, the finite element method (FEM) and the Eulerian–Lagrangian method (ELM), into one global matrix equation. This study demonstrates the limitation of all MT3DMS schemes, including MOC, MMOC, HMOC, and a third‐order total‐variation‐diminishing (TVD) scheme under Cauchy boundary conditions. By contrast, the proposed method always shows good agreement with the exact solution, regardless of the flow conditions. Finally, the successful application of the proposed method sheds light on the possible flexibility and capability of the MT3DMS to deal with the mass transport problems of all flow regimes.
Tissue factor: a mini‐review

Tissue factor (TF) is historically known as the trigger of the coagulation cascade. This integral membrane glycoprotein forms a ternary complex with factor VIIa (FVIIa) and zymogen factor (FX), which is then activated to factor Xa (FXa). The latter cleaves prothrombin into thrombin (FIIa), which in turn activates fibrinogen in fibrin monomers. What is less known is its additional non‐haemostatic roles in inflammation, tumour growth and angiogenesis. This aspect will be developed here. TF, as a transmembrane protein, has a signalling effect requiring FVIIa. TF–FVIIa complex activates G protein‐coupled receptor protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR‐2) and therefore modulates various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and survival, gene transcription and protein translation. In this review we will first highlight, using recent structural data, the ‘potentially’ active domain able to modulate the triggered intracellular response. We also will focus on the still emerging and promising results deciphering the diverse locations in which TF appears. We conclude with a description of an emerging and atypical use of tissue factor in platelet gel surgery for sinus augmentation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The problem of interpretation in vignette methodology in research with young people

In this article, we explore how interpretation is dealt with by researchers using a vignette methodology. Researchers using vignette methodology often struggle with interpretation: how to interpret the responses when participants shift between discussing the vignettes as themselves, taking the perspective of the character in the vignette and commenting on what ‘ought’ to happen. We argue that by foregrounding a consideration of the method with an explicitly articulated theoretical position of dialogicality, issues inherent in interpretation become a valuable addition to the research rather than an obstacle to be overcome. In this article, we discuss ‘Louise’ a young carer, detailing the various positions she takes in her talk about the vignette of Mary, a fictitious young carer, to illustrate how a perspective based in dialogical theory contributed to the analysis of her various moves through different identity positions.
PhosPred-RF: A Novel Sequence-Based Predictor for Phosphorylation Sites Using Sequential Information Only

Many recent efforts have been made for the development of machine learning-based methods for fast and accurate phosphorylation site prediction. Currently, a majority of well-performing methods are based on hybrid information to build prediction models, such as evolutionary information, disorder information, and so on. Unfortunately, this type of methods suffers two major limitations: one is that it would not be much of help for protein phosphorylation site prediction in case of no obvious homology detected; the other is that computing such the complicated information is time-consuming, which probably limits the usage of predictors in practical applications. In this paper, we present a simple, fast, and powerful feature representation algorithm, which sufficiently explores the sequential information from multiple perspectives only based on primary sequences, and successfully captures the differences between true phosphorylation sites and hboxnon-phosphorylation sites. Using the proposed features, we propose a random forest-based predictor named PhosPred-RF in the prediction of protein phosphorylation sites from proteins. We evaluate and compare the proposed predictor with the state-of-the-art predictors on some benchmark data sets. The experimental results show that PhosPred-RF outperforms other existing predictors, demonstrating its potential to be a useful tool for protein phosphorylation site prediction. Currently, the proposed PhosPred-RF is freely accessible to the public through the user-friendly webserver http://server.malab. cn/PhosPred-RF.
Respiratory Health Effects of Exposure to Low-NOx Unflued Gas Heaters in the Classroom: A Double-Blind, Cluster-Randomized, Crossover Study

Background There are long-standing concerns about adverse effects of gas appliances on respiratory health. However, the potential adverse effect of low-NOx (nitrogen oxide) unflued gas heaters on children’s health has not been assessed. Objectives Our goal was to compare the respiratory health effects and air quality consequences of exposure to low-NOx unflued gas heaters with exposure to non–indoor-air-emitting flued gas heaters in school classrooms. Methods We conducted a double-blind, cluster-randomized, crossover study in 400 primary school students attending 22 schools in New South Wales, Australia. Children measured their lung function and recorded symptoms and medication use twice daily. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde concentrations were measured in classrooms using passive diffusion badges. Results NO2 concentrations were, on average, 1.8 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.1] and formaldehyde concentrations were, on average, 9.4 ppb higher (95% CI, 5.7–13.1) during exposure to unflued gas versus flued gas heaters. Exposure to the unflued gas heaters was associated with increased cough reported in the evening [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34] and wheeze reported in the morning (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.83). The association with wheeze was greater in atopic subjects. There was no evidence of an adverse effect on lung function. Conclusions We conclude that classroom exposure to low-NOx unflued gas heaters causes increased respiratory symptoms, particularly in atopic children, but is not associated with significant decrements in lung function. It is important to seek alternative sources of heating that do not have adverse effects on health.
Mesoscopic Self-Assembly: A Shift to Complexity

By focusing on the construction of thermodynamically stable structures, the self-assembly of mesoscopic systems has proven capable of formidable achievements in the bottom-up engineering of micro- and nanosystems. Yet, inspired by an analogous evolution in supramolecular chemistry, synthetic mesoscopic self-assembly may have a lot more ahead, within reach of a shift toward fully three-dimensional architectures, collective interactions of building blocks and kinetic control. All over these challenging fronts, complexity holds the key.
Principles and Techniques for Maximizing the Effectiveness of Group Therapy with Sex Offenders

Group-based interventions are widely used as the preferred method for the treatment of sexual offenders. However, little attention has been given to the vital interpersonal processes within groups, which contribute to their therapeutic effect. This paper describes specific principles and techniques of group therapy that will help sex offender treatment practitioners take full advantage of this unique modality and thereby maximize the positive impact of treatment. In contrast to an individual-focused style that characterizes many sex offender treatment groups, group-focused interventions involve all group members and use the social/relational energy that is essential to the group modality.