Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generating representative images for landmark by discovering high frequency shooting locations from community-contributed photos

Representative images generation offers a comprehensive knowledge for landmark and is a hot research area recent years. This paper presents a representative images generation system by discovering high frequency shooting locations from geo-tagged community-contributed photos. We discover that the views (e.g. far and near, front, back and side) of the photos taken in the same location are usually similar and but different in different shooting locations. Our system is realized by three steps: 1) Landmark dataset is filtered from social media by the combination of tags and geo-tags. 2) High frequency shooting locations are mined by geo-tag cluster. 3) Visual feature is then used for removing irrelevant images and ranking by intra and inter SIFT matching. This work is the first attempt to generate representative images by high frequency shooting locations mining. Evaluating on ten landmarks shows its effectiveness .
Density-functional theory of many-electron systems subjected to time-dependent electric and magnetic fields.

A time-dependent density-functional formalism is developed for many-electron systems subjected to external electric and magnetic fields with arbitrary time dependence. The single-particle current density is shown to determine uniquely the time-dependent scalar and vector potentials characterizing the system, and hence also the many-particle wave function. A Levy-type universal functional is defined, and practical schemes for the calculation of electron density and the current density through hydrodynamical as well as a set of single-particle Kohn-Sham-like equations are proposed. The gauge invariance of the present self-consistent formalism is also proved.
Targeted Proteomic Analysis of 14-3-3ς, a p53 Effector Commonly Silenced in Cancer*S

To comprehensively identify proteins interacting with 14-3-3ς in vivo, tandem affinity purification and the multidimensional protein identification technology were combined to characterize 117 proteins associated with 14-3-3ς in human cells. The majority of identified proteins contained one or several phosphorylatable 14-3-3-binding sites indicating a potential direct interaction with 14-3-3ς. 25 proteins were not previously assigned to any function and were named SIP2–26 (for 14-3-3ς-interacting protein). Among the 92 interactors with known function were a number of proteins previously implicated in oncogenic signaling (APC, A-RAF, B-RAF, and c-RAF) and cell cycle regulation (AJUBA, c-TAK, PTOV-1, and WEE1). The largest functional classes comprised proteins involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, polarity, adhesion, mitogenic signaling, and motility. Accordingly ectopic 14-3-3ς expression prevented cellular migration in a wounding assay and enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The functional diversity of the identified proteins indicates that induction of 14-3-3ς could allow p53 to affect numerous processes in addition to the previously characterized inhibitory effect on G2/M progression. The data suggest that the cancer-specific loss of 14-3-3ς expression by epigenetic silencing or p53 mutations contributes to cancer formation by multiple routes.
Business Environment and Public Policy: Implications for Management and Strategy

I. INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY. 1. The Changing Environment of Business and Its Impact on Business and Management. 2. The Evolution of Public Policy as New Dimension of Management. II. BUSINESS AND PUBLIC POLICY. 3. The Nature of Public Policy. 4. Historical Developments in Public Policy. 5. The Social Context of Public Policy. 6. The Political Context of Public Policy. III. PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES. 7. Government Regulation. 8. Antitrust Policies. 9. Corporate Governance. 10. Wealth and Poverty. 11. Equal Employment Opportunity. 12. Occupational Safety and Health. 13. Consumer Protection. 14. The Physical Environment and Pollution Control. IV. ETHICAL AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF PUBLIC POLICY. 15. Business Ethics and Public Policy. 16. International Dimensions of Public Policy. V. PUBLIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. 17. The Changing Business Environment and Strategic Management. 18. Public Issues Management. 19. Corporate Political Strategies. 20. The Future of Business and Public Policy. Abbreviations. Index.
Stereotypic images of the scientist: The draw‐a‐scientist test

The present work intends to present the analysis of representations referring science and scientist of children who are part of a Junior Scientific Initiation project. The instruments used for the data collection were questionnaires and drawings, in which the analysis of this study were carried out from the Content Analysis the Laurence Bardin. With the results it was observed that the three students involved in the research have some stereotyped representations both in relation to the knowledge identified as science and in relation to the profile of scientist. It is expected, with the study, it is hoped that teachers will reflect on the information and activities they propose to students in science classes, being of great importance the previous knowledge of the students on these representations. Besides that, should teachers consider the fundamental Scientific Initiation Junior so that the students can express and extend their representations in relation to science and scientist, it is necessary that the school context modifies the ways of approaching subjects related to science and to scientists
Duration of loan arrangement and syndicate organization

What is the influence of syndicate organization on the duration of loan arrangement? I answer this question using the survival analysis methodology on a sample of loans from 59 countries over the 1992-2006 period. I find that syndicate size, concentration, reputation, and national diversity clearly matters for the duration of loan arrangement and therefore for borrower satisfaction regarding the speed of obtaining the necessary funding. A syndicate organization adapted to specific agency problems of syndication, with numerous, reputable, and experienced arrangers retaining a larger portion of the loan reduces the duration. The latter is also shorter when the lenders diversity in terms of nationality is weaker.
Population-Based Case-Control Study of CYP 11 A Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk

The CYP11A gene encodes the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of sex hormones. A pentanucleotide repeat [(TAAAA)n] polymorphism in the 5V of the CYP11A gene has been reported to be related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, an inherited endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a populationbased case-control study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai. Genotype assays were completed for 1015 incident breast cancer cases and 1082 community controls. Three common alleles with 4, 6, or 8 TAAAA repeats were identified in the study population. The frequency of the 8 repeat allele was more common in cases (12.6%) than controls (8.5%) (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–1.9; P < 0.0001). Compared to subjects who did not carry this allele, adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2–1.9) and 2.9 (1.3–6.7) (P for trend, <0.001), respectively, for those who carried one and two copies of this allele. This positive association was observed in both preand postmenopausal women and all strata defined by major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, and waistto-hip ratio. The results from this study indicate that the TAAAA repeat polymorphism near the promoter region of the CYP11A gene may be an important susceptibility factor for breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;13(5):709–14)
Airways obstruction, chronic expectoration, and rapid decline of FEV1 in smokers are associated with increased levels of sputum neutrophils.

BACKGROUND: Smoking may cause inflammation of the airways and impairment of lung function. To determine the relationship between the type and degree of airways inflammation and the decline in lung function, leucocytes in the sputum of smokers and ex-smokers were examined. METHODS: Forty six smokers and ex-smokers of median age 64 years (25%; 75% percentiles 62;66) with a smoking history of 40.1 (31.7;53) pack years were studied with lung function tests and a questionnaire at the end of a 15 year follow up period. Sputum was induced by inhalation of hypertonic saline and differential leucocyte counts were performed on cytospin preparations. RESULTS: Adequate sputum samples were obtained in 38 subjects (78%). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to vital capacity (VC) was 67.1 (60; 72)% and the annual decline in FEV1 was 19.4 (12;30) ml/year. Subjects with airways obstruction (FEV1/VC < 63%) had more neutrophils (77 (50;86)%) than those without airways obstruction (60 (43;73)%). The percentage of neutrophils was also significantly greater (77 (62;85)%) in those with chronic expectoration than in those without expectoration (57 (45;75)%. Increased levels of neutrophils in the sputum were correlated with a rapid decline in FEV1 over the 15 year follow up period. CONCLUSIONS: Airways obstruction and chronic expectoration, as well as accelerated decline in lung function, are associated with increased numbers of neutrophils in the sputum of smokers and ex-smokers which suggests that neutrophilic inflammation of the airways may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A selective publication model for the web: the webograph approach

We believe that the most important architectural features for the next generation web publishing systems will certainly be a semantic classification and a selective access to information. As the web is becoming the leading publication channel, the publishing systems should allow publishers to more effectively control the access to the information to be presented to the readers. The current 'share with all or share with friends only' model is limited, even when the access is restricted with a password, and is far from the way people share information in real life: what is said in private is not always what is said in public and what is referred to as public can further be categorised. The webograph prototype presented in the paper explores a restrictive publishing model, called the 'iceberg visibility model', based on dynamic views defined on RSS feed classes and reader groups.
Purified Human Plasma Kallikrein Does Not Stimulate but Primes Neutrophils for Superoxide Production

Summary In patients with septicemia and septic shock the contact phase of blood coagulation is activated. It has been suggested that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are directly activated by purified plasma kallikrein. This has been recently questioned because granulocytic elastase release induced by recalcification of normal and prekallikrein-deficient plasma was similar. We studied the interaction of different preparations of purified human plasma kallikrein with PMN. Cytosolic calcium shifts were measured with the quin2 method, PMN aggregation was assayed in an aggregometer, and superoxide production was quantitated as superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in a continuous assay. No increase of cytosolic free calcium was found during at least 5 min after adding 10 μg/ml plasma kallikrein to PMN. Similarly, highly purified plasma kallikrein from two different sources did not induce PMN aggregation at all, nor did it stimulate superoxide production. However, sequential exposure of PMN to plasma kallikrein and formylpeptide increased the superoxide production compared to stimulation with formylpeptide alone. This phenomenon which is called priming was observed at plasma kallikrein concentrations ≥7 μg/ml. The active site of the molecule was required for the priming, because plasma prekallikrein, active site-inactivated plasma kallikrein, and soybean trypsin inhibitor treated kallikrein did not prime PMN. This indicates that the contact activation system may play a role in host defence against bacterial infection.
Use of Oligonucleotide Aptamer Ligands to Modulate the Function of Immune Receptors

The paucity of costimulation at the tumor site compromises the ability of tumor-specific T cells to eliminate the tumor. The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ipilumimab, an antibody that blocks the inhibitory action of CTLA-4, and clinical trials targeting 4-1BB and PD-1 or PD-L1, have underscored the therapeutic potential of using immunomodulatory antibodies to stimulate protective immunity in human patients. Nonetheless, systemic administration of immunomodulatory antibodies has been associated with dose-limiting autoimmune pathologies, conceivably reflecting also the activation of resident autoreactive T cells. Arguably, targeting immunomodulatory ligands to the disseminated tumor lesions of the patient would reduce such drug-associated toxicities. We have recently developed a new class of inhibitory (CTLA-4) and agonistic (4-1BB and OX-40) ligands composed of short oligonucleotide (ODN) aptamers that exhibited bioactivities comparable or superior to that of antibodies. To reduce toxicity, the immunomodulatory aptamers were targeted to the tumor by conjugation to a second aptamer that bound to a product expressed on the surface of the tumor cell, the targeting aptamer, generating a bispecific aptamer conjugate analogous to bispecific antibodies. In a proof-of-concept study in mice, we have shown that an agonistic 4-1BB–binding aptamer conjugated to a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–binding aptamer led to the inhibition of PSMA-expressing tumors, was more effective than, and synergized with, vaccination, and exhibited a superior therapeutic index compared with nontargeted costimulation with 4-1BB antibodies or 4-1BB aptamers. The cell-free chemically synthesized ODN aptamers offer significant advantages over antibodies in terms of synthesis, cost, as well as conjugation chemistry needed to generate bispecific ligand fusions. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1054–62. ©2012 AACR.
catena-Poly[[[(2-pyridone-κO)silver(I)]-μ-2-pyridone-κ2 O:O] hexafluoridophosphate]

The asymmetric unit of the polymeric title salt, {[Ag(C5H5NO)2]PF6}n, comprises an AgI cation (located on a twofold axis), two 2-pyridone ligands (with distinct coordination modes), and half a PF6 − anion (situated on a centre of inversion). The AgI atom is in an approximately octahedral AgO6 coordination geometry, which is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The result of the bridging mode of the 2-pyridone ligand is the formation of a supramolecular chain along the c axis; these are consolidated in the crystal by C—H⋯F interactions.
The effects of formal and informal communication between marketing and R&D managers during new product development projects

Effective cross-functional integration between Marketing and R&D functions is considered essential to achieve key NPD outcomes. To achieve this integration, functional specialists need to communicate effectively with one another to achieve their respective task goals. This paper examines the role of two forms of interpersonal communication, formal and informal, on three key NPD outcome variablesNPD success, perceived relationship effectiveness, and interpersonal collaboration. The relationships between these variables are tested in a structural model using PLS. Data was collected from 184 R&D Managers in Australia who worked on NPD projects. Our results show that both formal and informal communication have a positive effect on NPD success and on Marketing Manager/R&D Manager working relationships. This study provides empirical support for the proposition that whilst formal communication between managers is important in NPD projects, managers should also be aware that informal communication should also be encouraged, as it has strong positive effects on NPD project outcomes.
Self-Healing Capability of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

Even in case of conventional concrete, cracks width of about 0.1 mm or smaller is relatively safe due to self-healing autogenously achieved by immersing in moisture. In this selfhealing phenomenon, fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) that enable to keep the crack width smaller can be greatly effective. In order to investigate the self-healing capability of FRCC, some experiments were carried out that focused on the recovery of mechanical properties and chemical precipitation on the crack surface. Kinds and length of the contained fibers were adopted as the experimental parameters. The self-healing capability of the specimens was investigated by means of microscope observation and water permeability test. As a result, it was shown that different types of fibers lead a different performance of the selfhealing effect.
Private universities service quality and students satisfaction

Selection of the university is one of the most important life decisions among young people. With a continually rising assortment of educational options, future students look for institutions that will provide them a distinctive educational knowledge that they will keep in their minds for a life time. The purpose of this study is to examine overall service quality of private higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its effect on students satisfaction. Questionnaire was designed and delivered to a sample of 300 respondents from four higher education institutions. Data were future more statistically analyzed by performing descriptive statistics in order to get students perceptions about service quality in these institutions. In general the results show that the students have slightly positive opinion about the service quality at these private institutions. The institutions that are used as a sample in this research have to design and put into practice quality standards and system and constantly check it with the aim to raise the quality of education and achieve competitive advantage on quickly rising institutions in private sector.
Isolation of Mitochondria from the CNS

This unit contains a protocol describing the isolation of brain mitochondria by using discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. The Percoll density gradient centrifugation separates synaptosomes, myelin, and free nonsynaptic mitochondria released from cells during tissue homogenization into individual fractions. Mitochondria entrapped in synaptosomes (synaptic mitochondria) can be liberated using nitrogen cavitation and then further purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation. These methods yield mitochondria that exhibit good respiratory coupling and high respiratory rates. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 52:7.22. 1‐7.22. 12. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mycological survey for potential aflatoxin and ochratoxin producers and their toxicological properties in harvested Brazilian black pepper

A mycological survey was carried out on 115 samples of whole dried black pepper seeds, from two main production regions of Brazil (Pará and Espírito Santo). A high incidence of contamination was verified in both regions when 99.1% of the samples showed filamentous fungi contamination. A total of 497 species of nine different genera were isolated (Aspergillus, Eurotium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Absidia, Emericella and Paecilomyces). The genus Aspergillus was the predominant (53.5%) followed by species from the Eurotium genus (24.5%). Eurotium chevalieri (16.4%) was the most predominant species followed by A. flavus (14.6%) present on 55 samples of black pepper (47.8%) analysed. Twenty-five samples (21.7%) were contaminated with aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In relation to the types of aflatoxins produced by mycotoxigenic strains, it was observed that 25 strains (44.6%) of 56 isolated of A. flavus produced aflatoxins. From 12 samples, A. ochraceus species were isolated in low frequency (3.5%). Two strains of A. ochraceus from 16 isolated were producers of ochratoxin A. With respect to the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A natural contamination, none of the samples presented detectable levels of these mycotoxins using thin-layer chromatographic analysis.
Legal Competition in the Medieval World

We develop a model of competition between legal systems with overlapping jurisdictions based on Hotelling competition that suggests that, absent institutional reform, courts with overlapping jurisdictions will be driven to adopt divergent legal doctrines in order to extract rents from agents with heterogeneous preferences over which doctrine is applied to their case. This has the effect of weakening the ability for relational contracting to be self-enforcing and lowers the volume of trade possible. This article provides an historical overview of the source and nature of some of these overlapping jurisdictions in the medieval era and the variety of legal regimes active across jurisdictions. Several institutional reforms, such as the system of merchant law that developed in continental Europe, are discussed as potential solutions to the problem of legal competition.
Integration of traveling wave laser model into an mixed electrical/optical circuit simulator

Summary form only given. The integration of optical and electronic devices to achieve lower costs and higher functionality is attractive for a wide variety of opto-electronic applications. The key to innovation at the design level for these circuits is the availability of highly skilled personnel able to take advantage of sophisticated computer aided design (CAD) platforms. These tools enable them to undertake quick iterations of the design and simulation loop. The creation of such tools will need two interrelated initiatives: 1) The development of novel simulation and modelling techniques that will enable a robust and efficient simulation capability. These capabilities will include distributed thermal effects; modeling of non-linear optical devices; and the development of robust models for simulating circuits containing resonant devices. 2) The simulation and analysis of general, large and complex mixed electro-optic circuits. An important part of the development of these tools is physically based, fast and flexible compact models for devices such as integrated lasers. In this paper we will present the integration of a travelling wave based laser model into a time-domain SPICE compatible optoelectronic circuit/system simulator (OptiSPICE) and its application to a mixed domain circuit containing an optical ring switch and driver and detector circuits.