Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of individual stimulus–response curves in the visual cortex

Activation in the visual cortex is typically studied using group average changes in an on–off paradigm for a single flicker frequency. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize the stimulus–response curve in the visual cortex as a function of flicker frequency in individual subjects, using LED goggles with 17 frequency steps between 0 and 30 Hz. Ten healthy young individuals were studied on two different occasions (mean interval; 22 days). In all but one subject, a third‐order polynomial curve could be fitted to the data. From the response curve we calculated the peak response (the frequency where the response amplitude was maximal), the percentage change (relative difference) of the response amplitudes between 8 Hz and the peak frequency, and the average slope of response (towards the peak). On both occasions we could determine a peak response for each subject with small within‐subject variability. The average absolute difference in peak response between both sessions was 1.37 Hz (range, 0.2–4.3 Hz), indicating that the peak frequency is rather stable for a given individual. In conclusion, our study illustrates the ability of fMRI to examine the stimulus–response curve in individual subjects in the visual cortex. Based on our findings, the peak response and the slope of response seem highly reproducible within subjects. A similar analysis of the stimulus–response curve may be applicable to other types of stimuli. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:245–251, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CLT for linear spectral statistics of large-dimensional sample covariance matrices

Let Bn=(1/N)T1/2nXnX∗nT1/2n where Xn=(Xij) is n×N with i.i. d. complex standardized entries having finite fourth moment, and T1/2n is a Hermitian square root of the nonnegative definite Hermitian matrix Tn. The limiting behavior, as n→∞ with n/N approaching a positive constant, of functionals of the eigenvalues of Bn, where each is given equal weight, is studied. Due to the limiting behavior of the empirical spectral distribution of Bn, it is known that these linear spectral statistics converges a.s. to a nonrandom quantity. This paper shows their rate of convergence to be 1/n by proving, after proper scaling, that they form a tight sequence. Moreover, if \exppX211=0 and \expp|X11|4=2, or if X11 and Tn are real and \exppX411=3, they are shown to have Gaussian limits.
OSSE Observations of Blazars

Abstract : Results are reported on observations obtained with the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) of 17 active galactic nuclei known to exhibit blazar properties at other wavelengths. These observations span the period from 1991 June through 1994 May. Of the 33 high-confidence EGRET detections of blazars during CGRO observing phases 1 and 2 (1991 May 16 - 1993 Sept. 7), OSSE has observed 8 and detected 5, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, PKS 0528+134, CTA 102, and 3C 454.3. Additionally, OSSE has detected the BL LAC sources H 1517+65.6 and PKS 2155-304, which were not detected with EGRET. Variablility in the energy band 50 -150 keV is observed for all of the detected AGN. The OSSE blazar sources are all well described by simple power law models with photon number indices,,, varying from 1.0 to 2.1 among sources. When combined with available, although not necessarily contrmporaneous, COMPTEL and EGRET observations, 4 out of 5 detected blazars show clear evidence for spectral breaks between the hard X-ray and medium energy gamma-ray bands. The exception is the combined OSSE/EGRET data for 3C 279 during 1991 October, where a simple power-law with, approximately equal 1.9 works equally well. Gamma-ray evidence for beaming in CTA 102, PKS 0528+134, and 3C 454.3 is presented.
Optimum power allocation for hybrid relay selection schemes

In this paper, we consider a dual-hop multiple-relay network with hybrid relay selection (HRS). The analytical symbol error rate (SER) is derived, and the optimum power allocation (OPA) methods are presented based on the closed-form and simplified SER expressions. The analytical results are verified by computer simulations. Simulation results also show that the SER performance of the HRS scheme is effectively improved by using power allocation, especially as the number of relays increases.
The Economics of Cultural Transmission and the Dynamics of Preferences

This paper studies the population dynamics of preference traits in a model of intergenerational cultural transmission. Parents socialize and transmit their preferences to their offspring, motivated by a form of paternalistic altruism (“imperfect empathy”). In such a setting we study the long run stationary state pattern of preferences in the population, according to various socialization mechanisms and institutions, and identify sufficient conditions for the global stability of an heterogenous stationary distribution of the preference traits. We show that cultural transmission mechanisms have very different implications than evolutionary selection mechanisms with respect to the dynamics of the distribution of the traits in the population, and we study mechanisms which interact evolutionary selection and cultural transmission. Journal of Economic Literature Classification numbers: D10, I20, J13.
Learned models for continuous planning

We are interested in the nature of activity { structured behavior of nontrivial duration { in intelligent agents. We believe that the development of activity is a continual process in which simpler activities are composed, via planning, to form more sophisticated ones in a hierarchical fashion. The success or failure of a planner depends on its models of the environment, and its ability to implement its plans in the world. We describe an approach to generating dynamical models of activity from real-world experiences and explain how they can be applied towards planning in a continuous state space.
Fuzzy Multiagent Distributed Assembly Chart Planning in Agriculture

Agriculture in Russia has some specifics such as large distribution, inclement climate and big market competition. Appearing of resources-economy, precision and management technologies demanded from agriculture companies new planning and control methods. The paper is dedicated to assembly charts planning in agriculture with multi-agent approach. For resources distribution we used method of virtual auction and fuzzy logic controller. JACK Intelligent Agents platform is used for implementation.
Dynamic Accommodation Responses to Stationary Colored Targets

Purpose. When the targets or the background in a display are different colors, longitudinal chromatic aberration ensures that there is no single correct accommodative response. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the response becomes more variable when viewing certain multicolor displays. Methods. Accommodative responses of five young participants were measured with a dynamic infrared optometer while they viewed steady targets at a nominal stimulus level of 3 D. Target-on-background color combinations were black on white, black on blue, black on red, blue on red, red on blue, dark blue on red, and dark red on blue. Results. When compared with the standard black-on-white target, responses to targets with reduced spectral bandwidth were not significantly more variable. In most participants, responses to near-isoluminant targets (e.g., red on blue and blue on red) were not more variable than to the standard target. However, calculated confidence intervals cannot rule out moderate to large changes in variability near isoluminance. Responses to these multicolor targets tended to favor the blue focus. Conclusions. In most individuals, viewing multichromatic targets does not increase significantly the variation in accommodative response as compared with broadband black-and-white targets.
Reframing the Research and Work Skills Development Framework Facets to Support Becoming a Teacher

Attrition in the education profession is increasing, and this is putting pressure on teacher education programs to adapt and focus on work-ready graduates. Professional experience placements have a long history in teacher education, and there has often been a focus on assessing the cognitive aspect of professional practice. This emphasis has emerged in response to the requirement for graduates to achieve a set of largely cognitive standards as a measure of their readiness for the profession. The purpose of this paper is to reframe the facets of the Research Skills Development (RSD) and Work Skill Development (WSD) frameworks to integrate and identify the connections between the cognitive and affective domain within the context of teacher education. The facet reframing will draw on the Work Readiness Scale (WRS) currently used to assess health professionals for entry into the workforce. The current framing of language within the RSD, WSD, and WRS lacks the connectedness required to support teacher educators to develop cognitive and affective aspects required for work ready graduates. Hence, a hybrid reframing of the six facets has been developed to support teacher educators to develop programs that evidence a fluid connection between cognitive and affective aspects of becoming a teacher. Further research will explore the breadth of student journeys to becoming a teacher and developing their work readiness from the commencement of their program through to graduation. ; ;
Morphine-Induced Dependence and Sensitization Are Altered in Mice Deficient in AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor-A Subunits

AMPA-type glutamate receptors have been suggested to be involved in the neurobiological mechanisms of drug addiction. We have made use of two mouse lines, which both have modulated AMPA receptor responses. The first line is entirely deficient in glutamate receptor-A (GluR-A) subunits (A−/− knock-out line) and, in the second one, the Q582 residue of GluR-A subunits is replaced by an arginine residue (R/R mutants), which reduces the calcium permeability and channel conductance of the receptors containing this mutated subunit. Mice of both lines are healthy, but they show slightly increased locomotor activity. Acute morphine administration enhanced locomotor activity of the GluR-A−/− and GluR-A(R/R) mice, at least as much as that of their wild-type littermates. Only in the GluR-A−/− mice did we observe reduced tolerance development in tail-flick antinociception and less severe naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms after treatment with increasing morphine doses, without differences in plasma and brain morphine levels when compared with wild type. Repeated daily morphine administration sensitized the locomotor activity responses in the GluR-A−/− and GluR-A(R/R) mice only when given in the measuring cages, whereas the wild-type mice showed slightly increased responses also when the repeated treatment was given in their home cages. Normal or even enhanced context-dependent sensitization was observed also with repeated amphetamine administration in the GluR-A subunit-deficient mice. The results indicate that AMPA receptors are involved in the acute and chronic effects of morphine, including context-independent sensitization, and that the GluR-A subunit itself is important for morphine tolerance and dependence.
A Priori Error Analysis for Discretization of Sparse Elliptic Optimal Control Problems in Measure Space

In this paper an optimal control problem is considered, where the control variable lies in a measure space and the state variable fulfills an elliptic equation. This formulation leads to a sparse structure of the optimal control. In this setting we prove a new regularity result for the optimal state and the optimal control. Moreover, a finite element discretization based on [E. Casas, C. Clason, and K. Kunisch, SIAM J. Control Optim. , 50 (2012), pp. 1735--1752] is discussed and a priori error estimates are derived, which significantly improve the estimates from that paper. Numerical examples for problems in two and three space dimensions illustrate our results.
An on-line gait synthesis strategy for biped robot with Capture Points combining with RNS

Biped robots can extremely extend the range of robot applications for its fast locomotion ability and good adaptation for complicated environments. It has been a great endeavor for gait planning and locomotion control of biped robot due to its complex mechanical structure with multiple DoFs and strong coupling multi-link mechanism. In this paper, a general scheme that combines Capture Points Theory (CPT) with Reaction Null Space (RNS) was proposed to solve the on-line gait synthesis problem for bipedal walking of a humanoid robot. Firstly, the CPT combining with 3-D inverted pendulum model was employed to calculate the foothold of robot for the next step to obtain the desired ZMPs for stable walking. Then the joint angles were obtained by using the geometry model of lower limbs. To ensure the stable status of supporting leg, RNS was used to constrain the motion of leg joints of biped robot. Real experimental results indicated the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
An experimental comparison of localization methods continued

Localization is one of the fundamental problems in mobile robot navigation. Past experiments have shown that, in general, grid-based Markov localization is more robust than Kalman filtering while the latter can be more accurate than the former Recently new methods for localization employing particle filters have become popular. In this paper, we compare different localization methods using Kalman filtering, grid-based Markov localization, Monte Carlo Localization (MCL), and combinations thereof. We give experimental evidence that a combination of Markov localization and Kalman filtering as well as a variant of MCL outperform the other methods in terms of accuracy, robustness, and time needed for recovering from manual robot displacement, while requiring only few computational resources.
Five-equation model for compressible two-fluid flow

textabstractAn interface-capturing, five-equation model for compressible two-fluid flow is presented, that is based on a consistent, physical model for the flow in the numerical transition layer. The flow model is conservative and pressure-oscillation free. Due to the absence of an interface model in the capturing technique, the implementation of the model in existing flow solvers is very simple. The flow equations are the bulk-fluid equations, combined with mass and energy equations for one of the two fluids. The latter equation contains a source term, to account for the energy exchange between the fluids. The physical flow model enables the derivation of an exact expression for this source term, both in continuous and in discontinuous flow. The system is solved numerically with a limited second-order accurate finite-volume technique. Linde's HLL Riemann solver is used. This solver is simplified here and its combination with the second-order scheme is studied. When the solver is adapted to two-fluid flow, the source term in the flow equations is incorporated in the Riemann solver. Further, the total source term in the cells is integrated over each cell. Numerical tests are performed on 1D shock-tube problems and on 2D shock-bubble interactions. The results confirm that the method is pressure-oscillation free and show that shocks are captured sharply. Good agreement with known solutions is obtained. Two appendices show an approximate model for shocks in physical two-phase media and a theoretical study of the interaction of shocks with plane interfaces, which is used to analyse the shock-bubble interactions
Efficient implementation of a real-time lane departure warning system

Because of the increasing number of population of vehicles, the road traffic accidents are becoming more and more serious in recent years. Hence, improving driver assistance systems for security has become an important area of research. This paper presents a robust lane detection and tracking system based on monocular vision. We use the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems to detect the position of the vehicle with respect to the lane boundary. An algorithm to detect the road lane marking and to control the direction of the vehicle is proposed. Our work consists in establishing a Region Of Interest (ROI) of the road images, data pre-processing using the Gaussian filter and then apply the Canny edge detector to enhance lane boundaries. A method to extract lane boundaries based on color information and image segmentation by using the histogram threshold, Hough transform is proposed, and the current vehicle position is obtained. In such a case, we can decide if the vehicle is doing lane departure used on the vehicle's position, the system sends a warning message to the driver. Our proposed algorithm works accurately with various lighting conditions as well as on different road types.
A surgery triangle for lattice cohomology

Lattice cohomology, defined by N\'emethi in (arXiv:0709.0841), is an invariant of negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds which conjecturally computes the Heegaard Floer homology HF^+. We prove a surgery exact triangle for the lattice cohomology analogous to the one for HF^+. This is a step towards comparing these two invariants.
Local insulin‐like growth factor I expression induces physiologic, then pathologic, cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice

In the present study we determined the long‐term effects of persistent, local insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) expression on cardiac function in the SIS2 transgenic mouse. Cardiac mass/tibial length was increased in SIS2 mice by 10 wk of age; this cardiac hypertrophy became more pronounced later in life. Peak aortic outflow velocity, a correlate of cardiac output, was increased at 10 wk in SIS2 mice but was decreased at 52 wk. 72 wk SIS2 mouse hearts exhibited wide variability in the extent of cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement of individual cardiac myofibers. Sirius red staining revealed increased fibrosis in 72 wk SIS2 hearts. Persistent local IGF‐I expression is sufficient to initially induce an analog of physiological cardiac hypertrophy in which peak aortic outflow velocity is increased relative to controls in the absence of any observed detrimental histological changes. However, this hypertrophy progresses to a pathological condition characterized by decreased systolic performance and increased fibrosis. Our results confirm the shortterm systolic performance benefit of increased IGF‐I, but our demonstration that IGF‐I ultimately diminishes systolic performance raises doubt about the therapeutic value of chronic IGF‐I administration. Considering these findings, limiting temporal exposure to IGF‐I seems the most likely means of delivering IGF‐I's potential benefits while avoiding its deleterious side effects. —Delaughter, M. C. , Taffet, G. E. , Fiorotto, M. L. , Entman, M. L. , Schwartz, R. J. Local insulin‐like growth factor I expression induces physiologic, then pathologic, cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice. FASEB J. 13, 1923–1929 (1999)
Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Auxiliary Deep Generative Models

Deep generative models based upon continuous variational distributions param-eterized by deep networks give state-of-the-art performance. In this paper we propose a framework for extending the latent representation with extra auxiliary variables in order to make the variational distribution more expressive for semi-supervised learning. By utilizing the stochasticity of the auxiliary variable we demonstrate how to train discriminative classiﬁers resulting in state-of-the-art performance within semi-supervised learning exempliﬁed by an 0.96% error on MNIST using 100 labeled data points. Furthermore we observe empirically that using auxiliary variables increases convergence speed suggesting that less expressive variational distributions, not only lead to looser bounds but also slower model training.
No-Cook Process for Ethanol Production Using Indian Broken Rice and Pearl Millet

No-cook process using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) was evaluated for Indian broken rice and pearl millet. One-factor-at-a-time optimization method was used in ethanol production to identify optimum concentration of GSHE, under yeast fermentation conditions using broken rice and pearl millet as fermentation feedstocks. An acid fungal protease at a concentration of 0.2 kg per metric ton of grain was used along with various dosages of GSHE under yeast fermentation conditions to degrade the grain proteins into free amino nitrogen for yeast growth. To measure the efficacy of GSHE to hydrolyze no-cook broken rice and pearl millet, the chemical composition, fermentation efficiency, and ethanol recovery were determined. In both feedstocks, fermentation efficiency and ethanol recovery obtained through single-step no-cook process were higher than conventional multistep high-temperature process, currently considered the ideal industrial process. Furthermore, the no-cook process can directly impact energy consumption through steam saving and reducing the water cooling capacity needs, compared to conventional high-temperature process.
ThemeCrowds: multiresolution summaries of twitter usage

Users of social media sites, such as Twitter, rapidly generate large volumes of text content on a daily basis. Visual summaries are needed to understand what groups of people are saying collectively in this unstructured text data. Users will typically discuss a wide variety of topics, where the number of authors talking about a specific topic can quickly grow or diminish over time, and what the collective is saying about the subject can shift as a situation develops. In this paper, we present a technique that summarises what collections of Twitter users are saying about certain topics over time. As the correct resolution for inspecting the data is unknown in advance, the users are clustered hierarchically over a fixed time interval based on the similarity of their posts. The visualisation technique takes this data structure as its input. Given a topic, it finds the correct resolution of users at each time interval and provides tags to summarise what the collective is discussing. The technique is tested on a large microblogging corpus, consisting of millions of tweets and over a million users.
Content-based Table Tennis Games Highlight Detection Utilizing Audiovisual Clues

Both audio and video are considered as important information carriers of multimedia content. In this paper, we propose an algorithm utilizing audiovisual clues for a scenario of sports game highlight detection, where the highlight detection for table tennis games are studied. Since audio and video contain different aspects of information that is helpful to locate highlights, we build two algorithms detecting highlight candidates based on audio and video, respectively, where hidden Markov model (HMM) audio keyword modeling and unsupervised shot clustering are applied. Decision fusion is invoked to combine audio and video highlight candidates and generate final highlights. Promising experimental results up to 90 % average precision are achieved.
Meta Learning : Learning to Predict the Leave – one – out Error

We propose a meta learning framework, casting leave-one-ou t (LOO) error approximation into aclassificationproblem. For Support Vector Machines this means that we need to learn a classification of whether or not a given Support Vector – if left out of the data set – woul d be misclassified. For this learning task, simple data set depen dent features are proposed, inspired by bounds from learning theory and ge ometrical intuition. Our approach allows to predict the LOO error o n unseen data with an astonishing degree of accuracy – as demonstrate d in simulations. Comparisons to existing learning theoretical bou nds, as e.g. the span bound, are given for model selection and LOO error predi ction scenarios.