Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can the atmospheric kinetic energy spectrum be explained by two-dimensional turbulence?

The statistical features of turbulence can be studied either through spectral quantities, such as the kinetic energy spectrum, or through structure functions, which are statistical moments of the difference between velocities at two points separated by a variable distance. In this paper structure function relations for two-dimensional turbulence are derived and compared with calculations based on wind data from 5754 airplane flights, reported in the MOZAIC data set. For the third-order structure function two relations are derived, showing that this function is generally positive in the two-dimensional case, contrary to the three-dimensional case. In the energy inertial range the third-order structure function grows linearly with separation distance and in the enstrophy inertial range it grows cubically with separation distance. A Fourier analysis shows that the linear growth is a reflection of a constant negative spectral energy flux, and the cubic growth is a reflection of a constant positive spectral enstrophy flux. Various relations between second-order structure functions and spectral quantities are also derived. The measured second-order structure functions can be divided into two different types of terms, one of the form r2/3, giving a k−5/3-range and another, including a logarithmic dependence, giving a k−3-range in the energy spectrum. The structure functions agree better with the two-dimensional isotropic relation for larger separations than for smaller separations. The flatness factor is found to grow very fast for separations of the order of some kilometres. The third-order structure function is accurately measured in the interval [30, 300] km and is found to be positive. The average enstrophy flux is measured as Πω≈1.8×10−13 s−3 and the constant in the k−3-law is measured as [Kscr ]≈0.19. It is argued that the k−3-range can be explained by two-dimensional turbulence and can be interpreted as an enstrophy inertial range, while the k−5/3-range can probably not be explained by two-dimensional turbulence and should not be interpreted as a two-dimensional energy inertial range.
An Attachment-based Parenting Program for Caregivers of Severely Conduct-disordered Adolescents: Preliminary Findings

Security of attachment is associated with healthy adjustment and successful transition to autonomy during adolescence. This paper reports on findings on an attachment- focused parenting group developed to enhance security in the relationships of parents (or other caregivers) with their severely conductdisordered adolescents. This brief psycho-educational program focused on promoting enhanced parental-reflective capacity, attunement, and empathy. Preliminary findings show significant reductions in parental reports of externalizing and total behaviour problems, and high parental acceptance of the intervention. Limitations and future directions are discussed. Although the vast majority of studies in the attachment field have focused on the significance of attachment for early childhood adjustment, or adjustment in adulthood, the past decade has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the application of attachment theory to understanding adolescent mental health. Recent studies indicate that, like younger children, adolescents who are securely attached to their parents experience less distress with the transition from primary to secondary school, experience less
The validity of endurance running performance on the Curve 3TM non-motorised treadmill

Abstract This study aimed to test the validity of a non-motorised treadmill (NMT) for the measurement of self-paced overground endurance running performance. Ten male runners performed randomised 5-km running time trials on a NMT and an outdoor athletics track. A range of physiological and perceptual responses was measured, and foot strike was classified subjectively. Performance time was strongly correlated (r = 0.82, ICC = 0.86) between running modes, despite running time being significantly longer on the NMT (1264 ± 124 s vs. 1536 ± 130 s for overground and NMT, respectively; P < 0.001). End blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion were significantly higher on the NMT compared to overground. Integrated electromyography was significantly lower on the NMT for three muscles (P < 0.05), and mean stride rate was also significantly lower on the NMT (P = 0.04). Cardiorespiratory responses of heart rate, oxygen uptake and expired air volume demonstrated strong correlations (r = 0.68–0.96, ICC = 0.75–0.97) and no statistical differences (P > 0.05). Runners were consistently slower on the NMT, and as such it should not be used to measure performance over a specific distance. However, the strong correlations suggest that superior overground performance was reflected in relative terms on the NMT, and therefore, it is a valid tool for the assessment of endurance running performance in the laboratory.
Cause Marketing Effectiveness and the Moderating Role of Price Discounts

Can cause marketing (CM) be effective? If so, do price discounts moderate CM effectiveness? Despite the prevalence of linking product sales with donations to charity, field evidence of CM effectiveness is lacking. This is of particular concern for managers who wonder whether the findings of laboratory experiments extend to actual consumer purchases. Using large-scale randomized field experiments with more than 17,000 consumers, this research documents that CM can significantly increase consumer purchases. Notably, the answer to the second question is more complicated. Under the moderating role of price discounts, the impact of CM on sales purchases may follow an inverted U-shaped relationship—that is, strongest when price discounts are moderate rather than deep or absent. Follow-up lab experiments reveal that consumers' warm-glow good feelings from CM represent the underlying process. These findings provide novel insights into the boundary conditions and mechanisms of the sales impact of CM for researchers and managers alike.
Stimulating Innovation in ASEAN Institutional Support, R&D Activity and Intellectual Property Rights

Using a stylized framework of technological capability development through pursuing Keynesian-Kaleckian style demand management strategies, this paper discusses initiatives that poorer member governments should take to stimulate technological upgrading of firms at the bottom with a focus on innovation, as well as, discussed the governance framework of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in ASEAN. Typologies of taxonomies and trajectories were used to evolve a policy framework to coordinate the relationship between macroinstitutions, meso-organizations and micro-agents (firms) for ASEAN members upgrade to transform from developing nations to join Singapore as developed nations. Recognizing the varying capacities of ASEAN members, the paper recommends that a common platform of IPRs be developed with the more developed members assisting the LDC members to quicken the development of a technologically more egalitarian region.
A reasoning approach to enable abductive semantic explanation upon collected observations for forensic visual surveillance

This paper proposes an approach to enable automatic generation of probable semantic hypotheses for a given set of collected observations for forensic visual surveillance. As video analytic power exploited in visual surveillance is getting matured, the more automatically generated intermediate semantic metadata became available. In the sense of forensic reuse of such data, the majority of approaches have been focused on specific semantic query based scene analysis. However, in reality, there are often cases in which it is more natural to reason about the most probable semantic explanation of a scene given a collection of specific semantic evidences. In general, this type of diagnostic reasoning is known as abduction. To enable such a semantic reasoning, in this paper, we propose a layered reasoning pipeline that combines abductive logic programming together with backward and forward chaining based deductive logic programming. To rate derived hypotheses, we apply subjective logic. We present a conceptual case study in a distributed camera based scenario. The case study shows the potential and feasibility of the proposed approach for forensic analysis of visual surveillance data.
Congenital Hypothyroidism: Effects on Linear Growth, Catch- Up Growth, GH-IGF-I Axis and Bones

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a primary determinant of normal postnatal somatic growth and 9 skeletal development, and an important regulator of bone and mineral metabolism in hu‐ 10 man [1, 2]. Before puberty, thyroid hormone appears to be a major prerequisite for normal 11 maturation of bone [3]. Untreated childhood hypothyroidism results in a profound growth 12 retardation and a delayed skeletal maturation. In severe cases, linear growth is almost com‐ 13 pletely halted. When treatment occurs, growth often resumes at a rate faster and beyond the 14 normal rate for age [3, 4]. This phase of accelerated growth constitutes the "catch-up growth" 15 phenomenon. This may be complete or incomplete depending upon many factors including 16 the age at presentation, the severity of hypothyroidism and its duration, the age at diagno‐ 17 sis, and the genetic target height. 18
Assessing the Factorial Complexity of the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale

This study examined the best-fitting factor structure for the V erbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS). Infante and Wigley’s scale is often scored as unidimensional. How ever, factor analytic studies have offered evidence that the scale is multidimensional. This stud y (N = 185) adopted a crossvalidation approach to factor analysis to ascertain the best-fitti ng factor structure for the VAS. Half of the data was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and the other hal f was then validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Results revealed a 15-item, two-factor model, with one factor measuring ego-supportive communication and the other measuring aggression. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Genetic analysis of p60v-src domains involved in the induction of different cell transformation parameters

The expression of p60v-src in chicken cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus causes stimulation of cell proliferation, morphological alteration, and anchorage independence. PA101 and PA104 are temperature-sensitive variants encoding mutant p60v-src proteins that are partially defective in the induction of these transformation parameters. To define the structural basis for the transformation defectiveness of the p60v-src mutants, the v-src genes of PA101 and PA104 were molecularly cloned and analyzed. Amino- and carboxy-terminal coding regions of the cloned mutant genes were exchanged with the corresponding regions of cloned wild-type v-src and chicken c-src genes, reconstructed into viral DNA, and expressed in infected cells maintained at various temperatures. This analysis revealed that lesions within the tyrosine kinase domains of the two mutant proteins confer temperature sensitivity on all three transformation functions of p60v-src. An amino-terminal region of the PA101 mutant protein, which coincides with the proposed modulatory domain and appears to interact with the kinase domain, affects morphological alteration in a temperature-independent manner. Our results suggest that the function of the kinase domain is essential to all three parameters examined, whereas the amino-terminal domain is important in determining cell morphology.
Automatic control of pH value in cultures of microorganisms.

SUMMARY: Equipment for the automatic control of pH value in cultures of micro-organisms is described. The apparatus was designed for a 2 1. scale continuous culture apparatus. The equipment will continuously control pH value with an accuracy of ± 0·05 unit for periods of many hundred hours. The pH value may be changed at will by turning a knob on the controller. It is sufficient to check the pH meter standardization once every day or two. The main components of the apparatus are standard commercial products.
Quantitative risk assessment model for network security

A model of network security risk assessment system both with a quantitative evaluation theory are presented in this paper.And each relevant index,such as asset,vulnerability,threat and risk,is built up with a quantitative measurement.Design and mechanism of each module of this system are specified in this article.This model can detect unknown threats by using intrusion detection technology based on immunity in threat evaluation module.And the efficiency and the extendibility of vulnerability evaluation module are ensured by using the plug-in technology.At the end,the experiment shows that the quantitative model of risk assessment is effective approach to the evaluate network security state.
Guanxi and Business

Definition, principles, and philosophy of "guanxi" economic perspective of "guanxi" "guanxi" and firm performance organizational dynamics and "guanxi" "guanxi"-based business strategies foreign businesses and "guanxi" business implications of corruption practical guidelines to "guanxi" cultivation.
Do specialized MBA programs cultivate alumni relationships and donations?

A recent trend among universities shifts from traditional MBA programs to specialized MBA offerings. Specialized programs are believed to cultivate stronger relationships with students, which lead to stronger alumni relationships and increased donations. This research tests this empirically by examining relationship perceptions and donation behavior among alumni of both traditional and specialized MBA programs from a university. The findings suggest that graduates of specialized programs are more likely to perceive relationships with their MBA programs than their traditional program counterparts. These graduates are also more likely to donate to their universities and to direct their donations toward their specialized MBA programs.
Web Architecture for the Remote Browsing and Analysis of Distributed Medical Images and Data

To provide easy retrieval, integration and evaluation of multimodal medical images and data in a web browser environment, distributed application technologies and Java programming were used to develop a client-server architecture based on software agents. The server side manages secure connections and queries to heterogeneous remote databases and file systems containing patient personal and clinical data. The client side is a Java applet running in a web browser and providing a friendly medical user interface to perform queries on patient and medical test data and integrate and visualize properly the various query results. A set of tools based on Java Advanced Imaging API enables to process and analyze the retrieved bioimages, and quantify their features in different regions of interest. The platform-independence Java technology makes the developed prototype easy to be managed in a centralized form and provided in each site where an intranet or internet connection can be located. Giving the healthcare providers effective tools for browsing, querying, visualizing and evaluating comprehensively medical images and records in all locations where they can need them - e.g. emergency, operating theaters, ward, or even outpatient clinics- the implemented prototype represents an important aid in providing more efficient diagnoses and medical treatments.
Festival motivators and consequences: a case of Efes Pilsen Blues Festival, Turkey.

Festivals and other events are considered important attractions by destination marketers for selection of the destination by prospective tourists. In fact, special events have proved to be a suitable way for achieving visibility and building reputation for destinations. In addition to playing an important role in promoting the destination and enhancing the image, events have various other advantages. In this regard, the pull factors of an event should meet the push factors of festival-goers to be considered in the decision-making process. Thus, it is vital to understand the motives of attendees when designing better products and services as they are closely linked to satisfaction, which is a crucial ingredient in understanding the decision-making process of festival-goers. The present study focuses on the relationship between motivation, festival performance, and satisfaction/loyalty of festival visitors by means of SEM analysis.
Strategic issues of e‐commerce as an alternative global distribution system

Global e‐commerce, created by the convergence of information and communication technologies, transcends business boundaries while changing the landscape of the twenty‐first century global economy. Although still in an infancy stage its impact has already been colossal in just a few years. Various constituencies (such as individuals, institutions, governments, and nations) around the world are recognizing its benefits. Given its importance and unprecedented growth potential, there is a need for research addressing various e‐commerce issues, especially the dimensions influencing its growth and role as a new electronic distribution channel. This article provides a framework for analyzing the issues involved in leveraging the Internet as a global distribution tool. While focusing on this theme, the article also presents the discussion of the key building blocks impacting the diffusion of global e‐commerce and future research directions.
The Impact of Corporate Taxes on Investment - An Explanatory Empirical Analysis for Interested Practitioners

The scientific literature provides evidence for an impact of company taxes on investments. Practitioners, however, have a skeptical view on the meaning of this effect. This paper builds the bridge between research and the interested practice by providing detailed descriptives and clearly showing how the effects are derived. It analyzes the development of German multinationals' direct investments abroad and of foreign multinationals' investments in Germany from 1996 till 2008. A split along federal states is applied. Starting from the analysis of the basic tax effect, the paper also covers current research topics when analyzing the impact of existing loss carryforwards and when tracing holding structures. The descriptive statistics already show that cross-border investments have increased strongly. The development of Baden-Wurttemberg mainly corresponds to that of Germany. The impact of taxation on investments is negative. A ten percentage points higher corporate tax rate leads to about five percent lower investments, measured by fixed assets. This effect is smaller for those companies which show loss carryforwards. A lower tax rate at a specific location especially seems to attract holding companies, which are applied for tax efficient group structuring.
The Small Introns of Antisense Genes Are Better Explained by Selection for Rapid Transcription Than by “Genomic Design”

Several models have been proposed to explain why expression parameters of a gene might be related to the size of the gene's introns. These include the idea that an energetic cost of transcription should favor smaller introns in highly expressed genes (the “economy selection” argument) and that tissue-specific genes reside in genomic locations with complex chromatin level control requiring large amounts of noncoding DNA (the “genomic design” hypothesis). We recently proposed a modification of the economy model arguing that, for some genes, the time that expression takes is more important than the energetic cost, such that some weakly but rapidly expressed genes might also have small introns. We suggested that antisense genes might be such a class and showed that the data appear to be consistent with this. We now reexamine this model to ask (a) whether the effects described were owing solely to the fact that antisense genes are often noncoding RNA and (b) whether we can confidently reject the “genomic design” model as an explanation for the facts. We show that the effects are not specific to noncoding RNAs and that the predictions of the “genomic design” model for the most part are not upheld.
A Study on Standard and Iterative Map Adaptation for Speaker Recognition

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a study comparing two formulations of the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) adaptation algorithm using Gaussian mixture models for text-independent speaker recognition applications. Fully coupled target and background models are used for hypothesis testing in this speaker model based adaptation algorithm. We contrast the standard single iteration adaptation algorithm to adaptation using multiple iterations. Depending on the assumptions made, both solutions may be derived within the expectation-maximisation theoretical framework. The advantage of the iterative approach is that it accommodates for the Gaussian mixture component inter-relationships in performing density function estimation given the target speaker’s adaptation speech. We examine the characteristics of three different feature post-processing techniques which provide an understanding of the applicability of the standard and iterative approaches.
A Behavioural Analysis of Co-operative Marketing Organisations

Most research to date on co-operative marketing has focused on large organisations. This paper explores co-operation that takes place between smaller businesses for the purpose of marketing the generic elements of their product. A review of literature discusses the business and social objectives of co-operative marketing organisations. It is suggested that the social element of such groups may be more important than in the strategic alliances of larger organisations. A proposition is developed that co-operative marketing groups have a tendency to begin life with a business focus, but over time a social focus becomes more important. The proposition is tested by a qualitative study of co-operative tourism marketing groups. While business objectives were cited by most co-operative groups as their primary goal, evidence within this study suggests that a drift toward more social objectives occurs as associations mature. Adopting a social role may be a means of extending the lifecycle of an association, while the missionary zeal of newer associations provides a focus for co-operation which has more clearly defined business objectives.
Demonstration of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease using the Cambridge Cognitive Assessment (Revised) (CAMCOG‐R)

Cognitive impairment is well recognised in Parkinson's Disease (PD) but few studies have examined cognitive decline over time in such subjects. Standard clinical assessments of cognitive function, such as the MMSE, do not measure all cognitive domains and often have a ceiling effect. CAMCOG‐R provides a more comprehensive cognitive assessment allowing several different domains of cognition to be compared. It also features the ability to test ‘executive function’. CAMCOG‐R has only been reported on one previous occasion in PD subjects and this is the first study to report a follow‐up CAMCOG‐R to assess cognitive decline.