Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition Soils between Spodosols and Ultisols in Subalpine Forest of Taiwan

Seven transitional soils were selected to investigate the transition of Spodosols and Ultisols in the subalpine forests of Taiwan whose elevations range from 1900 m to 2700 m and have udic soil moisture regimes and mesic soil temperature regimes. The selected transitional forest soils include seven Ultic Spodosols based on USDA Soil Taxonomy, or seven Podzols based on the World Reference Base classification system. The soils with gentle landscape with <10% of slope are derived from sandstone and shale. The study area experiences a cool and humid climate with very high annual rainfall, ranging from 3000 to 4500 mm. The vegetation is coniferous vegetation dominated by Taiwan red cypress, Taiwan red pine, and peacock pine. The transition soils of Spodosols and Ultisols in Taiwan are specially characterized by loamy or clayey soil texture classes in the B horizon with clay contents ranging from 250 to 400 g/kg. High rainfall promotes the formation of these transition soils associated with strong illuviation of clay, organic carbon, free iron oxides, or organo-metallic complexes. We propose that vegetation, climate, and parent materials strongly influence the multiple pedogenic processes of the transition soils between Ultisol and Spodosols in Taiwan. Clay illuviation processes and podzolization are the two dominant pedogenic processes in these transition soils identified by field morphology, micromorphology and laboratory analysis. Stronger illuviation of spodic materials was found in these transition soils where clay illuviation also occurred. Organo-metallic complexes were progressively accumulated on the surface of illuvial clays or coagulated as spodic pellets when podzolization occurred later in the subsurface horizons. Consequently, although the clays were slowly leached into the Bhs horizons within 50-cm depth, the pure clays were easily leached downward deeper in this study. We recommend that argillic great groups of Humods and Orthods with Ultic subgroups be added to Spodosols in the USDA Soil Taxonomy system for soils with evidience of illuvial clay in or below spodic horizons such as the transitional soils studied in Taiwan.
Calibration for an Integrated Measurement System of Camera and Laser and its Application

This paper presents a calibration approach for an integrated measurement system of camera and laser. Via measuring the coordinates of special points in both of camera and laser coordinate systems, and performing a simple matrix calculation, the sensor transformation parameters of the integrated system are identified. In order to apply the integrated system to the mobile robot measurement system and 3D reconstruction, the approximate formulas are given to calculate the rotation angle of laser sensor fixated on a chosen image point. Finally, the experimental results are given to demonstrate the calibration approach and the application of the integrated system.
Establishing Relationships between Emotion Taxonomies Using the Vector Space Model

Due to different aspects that emotion-oriented research looks to capture, the emotion taxonomy used often differs among research efforts. Therefore, it is hard to coordinate the research efforts using different emotion taxonomies. On the other hand, due to the multiplicity of “emotion”, emotion annotations more naturally fit the paradigm of multi-label classification since one instance (such as a sentence) may evoke a combination of multiple emotions. We thus propose bridging the gap between emotion taxonomies in the multi-label domain by leveraging the Vector Space Model and crowdsourcing. The relationships between source emotion taxonomy and target emotion taxonomy are formalized as a transformation mapping, which is established using the gold emotion annotations in the source taxonomy and the crowdsourced emotion annotations in the target taxonomy. Using the established mapping, associated emotions in the target taxonomy for an instance can be directly obtained according to its associated emotions in the source taxonomy. Experimental results on the real-world data demonstrate that the mapping established using the proposed models enables the gold emotions in the target taxonomy to be effectively estimated.
PREFERENCE REVISION IN MULTI-AGENT NEGOTIATIONS

One way to address preferences in Multi-Agent negotiation scenarios, is to devise a strategy for removal of contradictions, which may arise when the preferences of all agents are put together. This paper contributes towards that goal by proposing a methodology, based on declarative diagnosis, that minimizes the losses of all agents (i.e. the number of preferences they have to yield in order to find a consensus) as negotiations are iterated; in other words, it will bias negotiations towards cooperation. Instead of considering explicit priorities among agents and/or preferences, the method herein presented proposes a dynamical approach (i.e. with memory of history). A cost function that considers generic features of the solution (e.g. the quantity of preferences relinquished by agents) is employed in order to obtain a generic approach, avoiding excessive use of application dependent parameters.
Biochemical and cytochemical evidence indicates that coated vesicles in chick embryo myotubes contain newly synthesized acetylcholinesterase

We have isolated highly purified coated vesicles from 17-d-old chick embryo skeletal muscle. These isolated coated vesicles contain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a latent, membrane-protected form as demonstrated enzymatically and morphologically using the Karnovsky and Roots histochemical procedure (J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1964, 12:219- 221). By the use of appropriate inhibitors the cholinesterase activity can be shown to be specific for acetylcholine. It also can be concluded that most of the AChE represents soluble enzyme since it is rendered soluble by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. To determine the origin of the coated vesicle-associated AChE, we have isolated coated vesicles from cultured chick embryo myotubes which have been treated with diisopropylfluorophosphate, an essentially irreversible inhibitor of both intra- and extracellular AChE, and have been allowed to recover for 3 h. This time is not enough to allow any newly synthesized AChE to be secreted. These coated vesicles also contain predominantly soluble AChE. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that coated vesicles are important intermediates in the intracellular transport of newly synthesized AChE.
Intelligent Monitoring Alarm Technology Based on Moving Object Detecting

Intelligent video monitoring is a new technology originally developed on the basis of video image processing technology. Aiming at the defects of monitoring conducted by man in the conventional practice, the automatic alarming technology based on intelligent video monitoring was studied. Frame difference-based dynamic background refreshing algorithm was applied to monitored scenes to carry out cutting and information extraction of moving object as well as complete anomaly judgement. Moreover, anomaly information and key moving object tracking image sequences can be recorded in real time at the monitor client. By doing so, automatic anti-theft alarm was realized and the goal of safety protection was achieved. The results of experiment show that the intelligent video monitoring technology has favorable performance. It enhances the monitoring level and effects, and really achieves automatic monitoring alarm by tracking moving object in video.
Optimal MAP estimation of bilinear systems via the EM algorithm

We present a finite dimensional iterative algorithm for optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) state estimation of bilinear systems. Bilinear models are appealing in their ability to represent or approximate a broad class of nonlinear systems. We show that several bilinear models previously considered in the literature are special cases of the general bilinear model we propose. Our iterative algorithm for state estimation is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and outperforms the widely used extended Kalman filter (EKF). Unlike the EKF our algorithm is an optimal (in the MAP sense) finite-dimensional solution to the state sequence estimation problem for bilinear models.
Tracking of manufacturing tools with cylindrical markers

In industrial manufacturing processes, targets for infrared marker based tracking have to be robust and must integrate into the tools without disturbing the work flow. In this paper, we propose cylindrical markers attached directly to the tool. We show that, targets equipped with cylindrical markers can be tracked with about the same precision as targets equipped with spherical markers, if a correction for the reduced symmetry is applied. Additionally, the markers can be placed on different parts of a tool with a flexible connection, which is also considered in this paper.
Hello ADIOS: the challenges and lessons of developing leadership class I/O frameworks

Applications running on leadership platforms are more and more bottlenecked by storage input/output (I/O). In an effort to combat the increasing disparity between I/O throughput and compute capability, we created Adaptable IO System (ADIOS) in 2005. Focusing on putting users first with a service oriented architecture, we combined cutting edge research into new I/O techniques with a design effort to create near optimal I/O methods. As a result, ADIOS provides the highest level of synchronous I/O performance for a number of mission critical applications at various Department of Energy Leadership Computing Facilities. Meanwhile ADIOS is leading the push for next generation techniques including staging and data processing pipelines. In this paper, we describe the startling observations we have made in the last half decade of I/O research and development, and elaborate the lessons we have learned along this journey. We also detail some of the challenges that remain as we look toward the coming Exascale era. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INS/GPS Integration Using Gaussian Sum Particle Filter

In INS/GPS integration, the data fusion algorithm involves properly handling of nonlinear models. Therefore the nonlinear filtering methods have been commonly applied in the INS/GPS integration to estimate the state vector. The most popular and commonly used method is the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which approximates the nonlinear state and measurement equations using the first order Taylor series expansion. On the other hand, recently other nonlinear filters such as Particle Filter (PF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Gaussian Sum Filter (GSF) are also considered for use in the INS/GPS integration. The GSF is a nonlinear filter where its predictive priori density is assumed to be the sum of several normal distributions. However the first order Taylor series approximation is applied in the GSF for updating each distribution similarly to the EKF. So there exists the possibility of degrading the filtering performance under high nonlinearity shown in the classic EKF. In this paper we apply a nonlinear filter combining the GSF and PF, which is referred to as Gaussian Sum Particle Filter (GSPF). The GSPF is based on the similar concept of the GSF, but the GSPF updates its Gaussian sum expressions by using the particles instead of the linear approximations. The performance of the GSPF based loosely coupled INS/GPS integration is compared with other filters in numerical simulations. From the simulation results, it is found that the GSPF has an ability to improve the navigation performance when there exist large uncertainties in the initial estimates.
Design Considerations for a Domain Specific Vector Microarchitecture

In this article, we analyze the speedup potentials of media and signal processing software on vector processors. We evaluate the impact on performance of several design decisions such as the vector register length, memory latency, memory bandwidth and the number of parallel lanes in the datapath. To quantify the influence of the aforementioned design parameters, we modify SimpleScalar 3.0 by adding new vector instructions, a vector register file, and vector functional units and simulate several media and signal processing applications. Simulation results indicate that through vectorization we can obtain kernel speedups ranging from 5.36x to 17.34x and application speedups of 1.82x and 1.37x for the MPEG2 encoder and decoder respectively. Keywords— Vector processors, microarchitecture, sim-
Optimal Black-Box Reductions Between Optimization Objectives

The diverse world of machine learning applications has given rise to a plethora of algorithms and optimization methods, finely tuned to the specific regression or classification task at hand. We reduce the complexity of algorithm design for machine learning by reductions: we develop reductions that take a method developed for one setting and apply it to the entire spectrum of smoothness and strong-convexity in applications. Furthermore, unlike existing results, our new reductions are OPTIMAL and more PRACTICAL. We show how these new reductions give rise to new and faster running times on training linear classifiers for various families of loss functions, and conclude with experiments showing their successes also in practice.
Towards the integration of flexible-time-triggered communication and replicated star topologies in CAN

There is a growing interest in making the CAN field-bus more suitable for dependable applications. In the past years, several dependability limitations of CAN have already been addressed and a significant number of solutions are available. Nevertheless, the integration of these solutions into a single communication infrastructure is still an open issue. In this paper we discuss the integration of two specific solutions: FTT-CAN and ReCANcentrate. FTT-CAN is a higher-layer protocol that guarantees flexible real-time scheduling of CAN messages; whereas ReCANcentrate is a duplicated star topology for CAN that includes several enhanced mechanisms for media fault tolerance. We show how they are integrated into a single architecture that preserves the properties of each solution.
The effects of speech recognition and punctuation on information extraction performance

We report on experiments to measure the effect of speech recognition errors and automatic punctuation insertion errors on the performance of information extraction (entity and relation extraction). The outputs of several recognition systems with a range of word error rates (WER), along with punctuation insertion, were fed into a system that extracts entities and relations from the recognized text. Entity and relation value scores were measured as a function of WER and types of punctuation used. The results of the experiments showed that both entity and relation value scores degrade linearly with increasing WER, with a relative reduction in scores of about twice the WER. The information extraction modules require the inclusion of sentence boundaries, at a minimum; however, the experiments showed that the exact locations of these boundaries are not important for entity and relation extraction. In contrast, when comparing the effects of full punctuation to just automatic sentence boundary insertion, there was a loss in entity value scores of 13.5% and in relation value scores of 25%. Further, commas play a significantly greater role in entity and relation extraction than other types of punctuation.
Tracking and Predicting Evolution of Social Communities

We develop an algorithmic framework for studying the evolution of communities in social networks. We begin with the theoretical foundation, from which we conclude that the evolution is at most as strong as its weakest link. This allows us to deign an efficient algorithm which identifies all evolutionary sequences in a dynamic social network. We use this algorithm to empirically study community evolution in several large social networks, and in particular, to identify those features of the early stages of a community that indicate whether a community is going to be short-lived or not. Our results show that it is possible to correlate the lifespan of a community with structural parameters of its early evolution, these conclusions are robust across all the social networks that we have investigated.
Significance Tests and Weighted Values for AFLP Similarities, Based on Arabidopsis in Silico AFLP Fragment Length Distributions

Many AFLP studies include relatively unrelated genotypes that contribute noise to data sets instead of signal. We developed: (1) estimates of expected AFLP similarities between unrelated genotypes, (2) significance tests for AFLP similarities, enabling the detection of unrelated genotypes, and (3) weighted similarity coefficients, including band position information. Detection of unrelated genotypes and use of weighted similarity coefficients will make the analysis of AFLP data sets more informative and more reliable. Test statistics and weighted coefficients were developed for total numbers of shared bands and for Dice, Jaccard, Nei and Li, and simple matching (dis)similarity coefficients. Theoretical and in silico AFLP fragment length distributions (FLDs) were examined as a basis for the tests. The in silico AFLP FLD based on the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence was the most appropriate for angiosperms. The G + C content of the selective nucleotides in the in silico AFLP procedure significantly influenced the FLD. Therefore, separate test statistics were calculated for AFLP procedures with high, average, and low G + C contents in the selective nucleotides. The test statistics are generally applicable for angiosperms with a G + C content of ∼35–40%, but represent conservative estimates for genotypes with higher G + C contents. For the latter, test statistics based on a rice genome sequence are more appropriate.
Passive Mobile Bandwidth Classification Using Short Lived TCP Connections

Consumption of multimedia content is moving from a residential environment to mobile phones. Optimizing Quality of Experience - smooth, quick, and high quality playback - is more difficult in this setting, due to the highly dynamic nature of wireless links. A key requirement for achieving this goal is estimating the available bandwidth of mobile devices. Ideally, this should be done quickly and with low overhead. One challenge is that the majority of connections on mobiles are short-lived TCP connections, where a significant portion of data exchange is within the slow start phase. In this paper, we propose a novel method that passively estimates the currently available bandwidth by monitoring the minimal traffic generated by such connections. To the best of our knowledge, no other solution can operate with such constrained input. Our estimation method is able to achieve good precision despite artifacts introduced by the slow start behavior of TCP, mobile scheduler and phone hardware. We evaluate our solution against traces collected in 4 European countries. Furthermore, the small footprint of our algorithm allows its deployment on resource limited devices.
Approaches to Developing Semantic Web Services

Abstract — It has been recognized that due to the autonomy and heterogeneity, of Web services and the Web itself, new approaches should be developed to describe and advertise Web services. The most notable approaches rely on the description of Web services using semantics. This new breed of Web services, termed semantic Web services, will enable the automatic annotation, advertisement, discovery, selection, composition, and execution of inter-organization business logic, making the Internet become a common global platform where organizations and individuals communicate with each other to carry out various commercial activities and to provide value-added services. This paper deals with two of the hottest R&D and technology areas currently associated with the Web — Web services and the semantic Web. It describes how semantic Web services extend Web services as the semantic Web improves the current Web, and presents three different conceptual approaches to deploying semantic Web services, namely, WSDL-S, OWL-S, and WSMO.
Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions for the Treatment of Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Studies report contrasting results regarding the efficacy and safety of pharmacological, psychological, and combined interventions in psychosis and schizophrenia in children, adolescents and young adults. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Embase, Medline, PreMedline, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were searched to July 2013 without restriction to publication status. Randomised trials comparing any pharmacological, psychological, or combined intervention for psychosis and schizophrenia in children, adolescents and young adults were included. Studies were assessed for bias, and GRADE criteria were used to describe the quality of the results. Results Twenty-seven trials including 3067 participants were identified. Meta-analyses were performed for 12 comparisons: symptoms, relapse, global state, psychosocial functioning, depression, weight and discontinuation. Low quality evidence demonstrated that antipsychotics have small beneficial effects on psychotic symptoms (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.26), and a medium adverse effect on weight gain (WMD = 1.61, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.60) and discontinuation due to side effects (RR = 2.44, 95% CI, 1.12 to 5.31). There were no trials of psychological treatments in under-18 year olds. There was no evidence of an effect of psychological interventions on psychotic symptoms in an acute episode, or relapse rate, but low quality evidence of a large effect for family plus individual CBT on the number of days to relapse (WMD = 32.25, 95% CI -36.52 to -27.98). Conclusions For children, adolescents and young adults, the balance of risk and benefit of antipsychotics appears less favourable than in adults. Research is needed to establish the potential for psychological treatments, alone and in combination with antipsychotics, in this population.
3-D numerical simulations of rotating jets - The case of the DG Tau microjet

We here present results of three-dimensional Smoothed Particle hydro and magnetohydrodynamics simulations of rotating jets, also including the effects of radiative cooling, precession and velocity variability. Using initial conditions and parameters which are particularly suitable for the DG Tau microjet, we have been able to approximately reproduce its complex knotty morphology and kinematics. We have also obtained radial velocity maps which are in good agreement with the data obtained by Bacciotti et al., thus indicating that their interpretation that the DG Tau microjet is rotating is correct. Finally, we have found that a magnetic field of the order of ≈0.5 mG is sufficient to collimate the jet against the lateral expansion that is caused by the centrifugal forces.
Information ranking in content-centric networks

Content-centric networking is often regarded as a promising paradigm for future networks. Nevertheless current content-based networks-such as file sharing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks-have been proved to be vulnerable to content pollution attacks. A significant amount of research efforts has been launched in order to mitigate this kind of attacks. The majority of these efforts focuses on users' ranking, based on their behavior, while little work has been done in ranking information itself. We show in this paper that solutions based on users' ranking can be by-passed by malicious users. Furthermore we propose inforanking, a light-weight solution for ranking information, based exclusively on positive votes. We compare our solution to Credence object-based reputation system. Our solution demonstrates significant less burden to the network and outperforms Credence in terms of polluted content isolation.