Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Decision of Function of the Redundant Traffic Reduction Node Using a New IP Option

In recent computer networks, the same data are often transferred repeatedly. We have developed network nodes with packet caches in order to reduce such redundant traffic in TCP/IP network. We call the node TR node. In our previous researches, we had to set up locating information of the TR nodes statically for decision of their function. Additionally, the configuration with multiple encoding TR nodes was unacceptable because of cache competition. In this study, we provided information of location and status for TR node control using a new IP option. We enabled the TR node to decide its function dynamically and avoid cache competition autonomously with the information.
Dual Path Networks for Multi-Person Human Pose Estimation

The task of multi-person human pose estimation in natural scenes is quite challenging. Existing methods include both top-down and bottom-up approaches. The main advantage of bottom-up methods is its excellent tradeoff between estimation accuracy and computational cost. We follow this path and aim to design smaller, faster, and more accurate neural networks for the regression of keypoints and limb association vectors. These two regression tasks are naturally dependent on each other. In this work, we propose a dual-path network specially designed for multi-person human pose estimation, and compare our performance with the openpose network in aspects of model size, forward speed, and estimation accuracy.
Orthogonal Predictors: A Possible Resolution of the Hoffman-Ward Controversy

A recent difference of opinion (Hoffman, 1960, 1962; Ward, 1962) has arisen over two separate meanings of the term "independent contribution" when applied to the behavior of a separate predictor in a multiple rectilinear prediction context. The meaning used by Hoffman (1960) is that of the proportionate contribution to the squared multiple correlation coefficient in the formula that expresses the squared multiple as a mere sum of contributions from the separate predictors. That proportionate contribution is designated by Hoffman ( 1960) as the "relative weight" of the associated predictor. The other meaning of "independent contribution," as defined by Ward (1962), refers to that component of criterion variance which is statistically independent of all predictors but the separate one in question. These two concepts are generally different, but both Hoffman ( 1960,1962) and Ward ( 1962 ) agree that they are the same for all predictors when those predictors consticute an orthogonal (or mutually uncorrelated) set. The purpose of this note is to provide a method for obtaining an orthogonal set of predictors that is highly related to a given correlated ser, and whose two different kinds of "independent contribution" are the same. Let the original matrix of predictor intercorrelations, with unit diagonals, be designated R. For any such matrix, there exists a decomposition of the following form (cf. Hohn, 1958) :
Effect of pubescence tip on soybean resistance to lepidopteran insects.

DNA marker analysis has mapped a quantitative trait locus for soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the USDA soybean genetic linkage map near the classical gene Pb, which conditions pubescence tip. This study was initiated to determine the effect of pubescence tip on resistance to H. zea larvae and to examine the effect on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae. The effect of blunt (pb) and sharp (Pb) pubescence tip was tested in antixenosis and antibiosis bioassays on H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens larvae with near-isolines and insect-resistant and -susceptible genotypes differing in pubescence tip morphology. Sharp pubescence tip significantly reduced defoliation (antixenosis) from H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens and weight gain (antibiosis) of H. zea. The weight gain of P. includens was unaffected, and S. exigua weight gain was significant for one pair of near-isolines differing in pubescence tip but not the other. The results indicate that sharp pubescence tip would be beneficial to introgress into elite soybean germplasm due to its association with resistance to H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens.
ADAMAAS: Towards Smart Glasses for Mobile and Personalized Action Assistance

In this paper, we describe the assistive system ADAMAAS (Adaptive and Mobile Action Assistance) introducing a new advanced smartglasses technology. The aim of ADAMAAS is to move from stationary status diagnosis systems to a mobile and adaptive action support and monitoring system, which is able to dynamically react in a context-sensitive way to human error (slips and mistakes) and to provide individualized feedback on a transparent virtual plane superimposed on user's field of view. For this purpose ADAMAAS uses advanced technologies like augmented reality (AR), eye tracking, object recognition, and systematic analysis of users' mental representations in long-term memory. Preliminary user tests with disabled participants at an early prototype stage revealed no substantial physical restrictions in the execution of their activities, positive feedback regarding the assistive hints, and that participants could imagine wearing the glasses for long periods of time.
A hierarchical regression approach to meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy evaluations

An important quality of meta‐analytic models for research synthesis is their ability to account for both within‐ and between‐study variability. Currently available meta‐analytic approaches for studies of diagnostic test accuracy work primarily within a fixed‐effects framework. In this paper we describe a hierarchical regression model for meta‐analysis of studies reporting estimates of test sensitivity and specificity. The model allows more between‐ and within‐study variability than fixed‐effect approaches, by allowing both test stringency and test accuracy to vary across studies. It is also possible to examine the effects of study specific covariates. Estimates are computed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation with publicly available software (BUGS). This estimation method allows flexibility in the choice of summary statistics. We demonstrate the advantages of this modelling approach using a recently published meta‐analysis comparing three tests used to detect nodal metastasis of cervical cancer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recommendations for Revision of the DSM Diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder in Adults

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) conducted a consensus process in order to make recommendations for revision of the DSM diagnoses of Gender Identity Disorders. This is a report from the work group proposing new diagnostic criteria for Gender Identity Disorders for adults if the diagnosis were to be retained in the next revision of the DSM. The group recommended changing the diagnosis to one based on distress rather than on identity, on which the current diagnosis is based. Hence, they proposed changing the name of the diagnosis from Gender Identity Disorder to the more accurate and less pathologizing Gender Dysphoria, a name familiar to the field, used before, and describing the condition of distress. They proposed the following criteria for a diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria in Adults: (a) strong and persistent distress with physical sex characteristics or ascribed social gender role that is incongruent with persistent gender identity, and (b) the distress is clinically significant or causes impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning and this distress or impairment is not solely due to external prejudice or discrimination. There was consensus that a transgender identity is not pathology. Gender variant individuals are not inherently disordered; rather, the distress of gender dysphoria is the psychological problem.
Audio-Visual Wireless Streaming Platform for the Residential Environment Employing Mesh and MIMO Extensions

ASTRALS is a project funded by the FP6 1ST program which focuses on the in-home delivery, adaptation and processing of multiple audio/visual streams. One aspect of this project focuses on the wireless transmission of these streams using the IEEE 802.16 standard. A premium Quality of Service and IP based transmission scheme is employed in this project including MIMO and mesh extensions for increased throughput and robustness. The MIMO architecture is based on a novel technique which maximises the performance over both Line-of- Sight and non-line-of-sight conditions. On the other hand, mesh networking is responsible for multi-hopping transmission when a direct link is not available. This paper contains a number of simulation results which imply the possibility towards fully deterministic wireless audio/visual transmission in the home environment.
Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Essential Hypertension and Ischemia-Reperfusion Myocardial Damage

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with hypertension being a major risk factor. Numerous studies support the contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as other pathologies associated with ischemia/reperfusion. However, the validation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in these settings is still lacking and novel association of these biomarkers and other biomarkers such as endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial microparticles, and ischemia modified albumin, is just emerging. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a pathogenic factor and therapeutic target in early stages of essential hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with plasma F2-isoprostane levels and negatively with total antioxidant capacity of plasma in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation causes an ischemia/reperfusion event associated with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, two biomarkers associated with oxidative damage of cardiac tissue. An enhancement of the antioxidant defense system should contribute to ameliorating functional and structural abnormalities derived from this metabolic impairment. However, data have to be validated with the analysis of the appropriate oxidative stress and/or nitrosative stress biomarkers.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship Between Parenting, Parent-Child Shared Reading Practices, and Child Development in Low-Income Families

This study examined relations between parenting, shared reading practices, and child development. Participants included 28 children (M = 24.66 months, SD = 8.41 months) and their parents. Measures included naturalistic observations of parenting and shared reading quality, assessments of child cognitive and language development, and home reading practices. Higher quality parenting was found to be significantly, positively correlated with higher quality shared reading interactions. Of the specific domains of parenting behaviors assessed, teaching behaviors demonstrated the strongest relationship with shared reading quality. Parental self-report of reading frequency was not correlated with observed shared reading quality. Shared reading quality was predictive of children’s receptive language outcomes; the addition of shared reading frequency did not improve prediction. Early childhood educators can benefit from knowing the potential importance of specific parenting practices and high-quality parent-child shared reading interactions in facilitating children’s language development.
Continuity in children’s literacy achievements: A longitudinal perspective from kindergarten to school

This study examined continuity in literacy achievements from kindergarten to school, among low SES Israeli children, controlling for family factors. Kindergartners’ early oral and code-related language skills as well as family measures were assessed at age 51/2. In school, 21/2 years later, their literacy achievements were evaluated. Correlations emerged between all kindergarten literacy measures and school literacy achievements. Oral and code-related early literacy measures similarly predicted all school literacy achievements. Moreover, early literacy predicted literacy achievements at the end of second grade beyond home environmental measures. Results highlighted the stability in children’s learning through the kindergarten-to-school transition, confirming the importance of promoting early literacy in kindergarten, especially among low SES children.
Religion and health: the application of a cognitive-behavioural framework

The empirical examination of the relationship between religion and health has often lacked theoretical direction. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between dimensions of religiosity and health within the context of James and Wells’ cognitive-behavioural framework of religion. A community sample of 177 UK adults completed measures of religious orientation, religious coping, and prayer activity alongside the SF-36 Health Survey. Consistent with the cognitive-behavioural framework of religion, intrinsic religiosity and meditative prayer scores accounted for unique variance in both physical and mental health scores over a number of religious measures. These findings suggest the potential usefulness and importance of a cognitive-behavioural framework to understand the relationship between religion (as measured by meditative prayer and intrinsic religiosity) and health.
Participation in leisure activities and binge drinking in adults: Findings from a Swedish general population sample

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the associations between participation in different leisure activities and binge drinking in Swedish adults. The study was based on a questionnaire in a general population sample (n = 3567) of individuals aged 19–64 years old. Men and women were defined as binge drinkers if they reported that they had consumed alcohol at least once a month, and stated that at a typical drinking occasion they consumed five or more standard glasses (12 g of alcohol). Multivariate analyses found associations between binge drinking and socializing with friends among men aged 19–30 years (odds ratio, OR 2.88), in the 31–64 years old age group (OR 1.87). Corresponding results was found in younger women (OR 2.36). A higher OR was also found for younger men who regularly attended sporting events as spectators (OR 1.83), and among respondents in the older age group who regularly played computer or video games (OR 2.11 for women and 1.61 for men). A lower OR for binge drinking was found for men who regularly participated in religious services in both age-groups. Lower prevalence of binge drinking among women was only found in the younger group among those who regularly participated in sports/athletics or other training (OR 0.51). Our findings suggest that prevention strategies could benefit from an everyday life approach, but also that different interventions should be used in relation to specific leisure activities.
Concurrent Validity of the Griffiths' Mental Development Scales with a Population of Children Under 24 Months

The Griffiths' Mental Development Scales have been recommended for use in diagnostic assessment with infants and toddlers with special needs. The Griffiths' scales are British in origin, were developed in 1950, and cover five areas of infant development. This study compared results of Griffiths assessments with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Battelle Developmental Inventory for a population of 30 children under 24 months of age. All children had been referred to an early intervention program. While the Griffiths correlated well with the two comparison measures, age equivalents obtained on the Griffiths were considerably higher than those obtained from the Bayley and the Battelle. The authors suggest that the Griffiths be restandardized on an American population of infants to increase its usefulness as a diagnostic instrument for early intervention programs.
Novel covalent modification of human anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and potentiation of crizotinib-mediated inhibition of ALK activity by BNP7787

BNP7787 (Tavocept, disodium 2,2′-dithio-bis-ethanesulfonate) is a novel, investigational, water-soluble disulfide that is well-tolerated and nontoxic. In separate randomized multicenter Phase II and Phase III clinical trials in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, treatment with BNP7787 in combination with standard chemotherapy resulted in substantial increases in the overall survival of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung in the first-line treatment setting. We hypothesized that BNP7787 might interact with and modify human anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). At least seven different variants of ALK fusions with the gene encoding the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) are known to occur in NSCLC. EML4–ALK fusions are thought to account for approximately 3% of NSCLC cases. Herein, we report the covalent modification of the kinase domain of human ALK by a BNP7787-derived mesna moiety and the functional consequences of this modification in ALK assays evaluating kinase activity. The kinase domain of the ALK protein crystallizes as a monomer, and BNP7787-derived mesna-cysteine adducts were observed at Cys 1235 and Cys 1156. The BNP7787-derived mesna adduct at Cys 1156 is located in close proximity to the active site and results in substantial disorder of the P-loop and activation loop (A-loop). Comparison with the P-loop of apo-ALK suggests that the BNP7787-derived mesna adduct at Cys 1156 interferes with the positioning of Phe 1127 into a small pocket now occupied by mesna, resulting in a destabilization of the loop’s binding orientation. Additionally, in vitro kinase activity assays indicate that BNP7787 inhibits ALK catalytic activity and potentiates the activity of the ALK-targeted drug crizotinib.
Theoretic Shaping Bounds for Single Letter Constraints and Mismatched Decoding

Shaping gain is attained in schemes where a shaped subcode is chosen from a larger codebook by a codeword selection process. This includes the popular method of Trellis Shaping (TS), originally proposed by Forney for average power reduction. The decoding process of such schemes is mismatched, since it is aware of only the large codebook. This study models such schemes by a random code construction and derives achievable bounds on the transmission rate under matched and mismatched decoding. For matched decoding the bound is obtained using a modified asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) theorem derived to suit this particular code construction. For mismatched decoding, relying on the large codebook performance is generally wrong, since the performance of the non-typical codewords within the large codebook may differ substantially from the typical ones. Hence, we present two novel lower bounds on the capacity under mismatched decoding. The first is based upon Gallager's random exponent, whereas the second on a modified version of the joint-typicality decoder.
Mergers and Employee Wages

Shleifer and Summers (1988) argue takeovers are largely motivated by the opportunity to renege on implicit labor contracts. Alternatively, if employees share in any rents generated by the merger, wages may increase. In this paper, we use confidential micro-data from the US Census to document the effects of mergers on wages and find that wages at target firms increase postacquisition, on average, by 9.4%. Wages increase more following those mergers with the greatest expected productivity gains, indicating employees are indeed sharing in the merger surplus and that measures of merger gains which consider only shareholder returns are underestimating the total merger surplus. We also find that wages are negatively correlated with merger-related job losses, indicating employees may receive extra compensation for changes to job security.
The application of differential privacy to health data

Differential privacy has gained a lot of attention in recent years as a general model for the protection of personal information when used and disclosed for secondary purposes. It has also been proposed as an appropriate model for health data. In this paper we review the current literature on differential privacy and highlight important general limitations to the model and the proposed mechanisms. We then examine some practical challenges to the application of differential privacy to health data. The review concludes by identifying areas that researchers and practitioners in this area need to address to increase the adoption of differential privacy for health data.
Common MFRP sequence variants are not associated with moderate to high hyperopia, isolated microphthalmia, and high myopia

Purpose The membrane-type frizzled-related protein (MFRP) gene is selectively expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium and ciliary body, and mutations of this gene cause nanophthalmos. The MFRP gene may not be essential for retinal function but has been hypothesized to play a role in ocular axial length regulation. The involvement of the MFRP gene in moderate to high hyperopic, isolated microphthalmic/anophthalmic, and high myopic patients was tested in two phases: a mutation screening/sequence variant discovery phase and a genetic association study phase. Methods Eleven hyperopic, ten microphthalmic/anophthalmic, and seven non-syndromic high-grade myopic patients of varying ages and 11 control subjects participated in the mutation screening phase. Sixteen primer pairs were designed to amplify the 13 exons of the MFRP gene including intron/exon boundaries. Polymerase chain reactions were performed, and amplified products were sequenced using standard techniques. Normal and affected individual DNA sequences were compared alongside the known reference sequence (UCSC genome browser) for the MFRP gene. The genetic association study included 146 multiplex non-syndromic high-grade myopia families. Seventeen intragenic and flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen for the MFRP gene and genotyped in the large data set using the Taqman® allelic discrimination assay. The family-based association Pedigree Disequilibrium Test (PDT) and GenoPDT were performed. Results The average spherical refractive error of the hyperopic patient cohort was +4.21 diopters (D; range +2.00 to +9.25 D) and of the myopic patient cohort was −12.36 D (range −8.25 to −14.50 D). A total of 16 SNPs were identified by direct sequencing. No significant association was determined between the 16 MFRP gene SNPs and the moderate to high hyperopia, microphthalmia/anophthalmia affection status, and high myopia. Family based association analysis did not reveal any association between the 17 SNPs genotyped in the larger family data set for any refractive error type. Conclusions Sequence variants of the MFRP gene do not appear to be associated with either the less severe forms of hyperopia, extreme forms of limited eye growth and development, or high myopia. These results indicate that the MFRP gene may not play a role in regulating ocular axial length in these phenotypes.