Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No . 39 / 2015 Interpolation and quasi-interpolation in hand hp-version nite element spaces ( extended version )

Interpolation operators map a function u to an element Iu of a finite element space. Unlike more general approximation operators, interpolants are defined locally. Estimates of the interpolation error, i.e., the difference u− Iu, are of utmost importance in numerical analysis. These estimates depend on the size of the finite elements, the polynomial degree employed, and the regularity of u. In contrast to interpolation the term quasi-interpolation is used when the regularity is so low that interpolation has to be combined with regularization. This paper gives an overview of different interpolation operators and their error estimates. The discussion includes the h-version and the hp-version of the finite element method, interpolation on the basis of triangular/tetrahedral and quadrilateral/hexahedral meshes, affine and nonaffine elements, isotropic and anisotropic elements, and Lagrangian and other elements. approximation, polynomial interpolation, nodal interpolation, quasi-interpolation, Clément interpolation, Scott-Zhang interpolation, isotropic finite element, shape-regular element, anisotropic element, h-version, p-version, hp-version
Psychometric properties of the Blood-borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ).

AIMS To develop a standard measure of blood-borne virus transmission risk behaviour, and examine the underlying psychometric properties. DESIGN The Blood-borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ) was developed over three consecutive phases of the original BBV-TRAQ study in adherence to classical scale development procedures, culminating in the recruitment of a development sample of current injecting drug users via convenience and snowball sampling. SETTING Needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), medical clinics, alcohol/drug agencies, peer-based and outreach organizations across inner and outer metropolitan Melbourne. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and nine current injecting drug users. The mean age was 27 years, 68% were male, 65% unemployed, 36% with prison history and 25% in methadone maintenance. MEASUREMENTS BBV-TRAQ items cover specific injecting, sexual and skin penetration risk practices. BBV-TRAQ characteristics were assessed via measures of internal and test-retest reliability; collateral validation; and principal components analyses. FINDINGS The BBV-TRAQ has satisfactory psychometric properties. Internal (a=0.87), test-retest (r=0.84) and inter-observer reliability results were high, suggesting that the instrument provides a reliable measure of BBV risk behaviour and is reliable over time and across interviewers. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation produced a parsimonious factor solution despite modest communality, and indicated that three factors (injecting, sex and skin penetration/hygiene risks) are required to describe BBV risk behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The BBV-TRAQ is reliable and represents the first risk assessment tool to incorporate sufficient coverage of injecting, sex and other skin penetration risk practices to be considered truly content valid. The questionnaire is indicated for use in addictions research, clinical, peer education and BBV risk behaviour surveillance settings.
Mesozoic basin development and tectonic evolution of the Dabieshan orogenic belt, central China

The Dabieshan orogenic belt is a zone of long‐lived shortening with late‐stage extension that formed during Mesozoic time in central China. Regional basin analysis coupled with structural cross sections provides a means of reconstructing the paleogeography of the region from Triassic continental collision through early Tertiary extension. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogenic belt indicates that there was a prolonged period of shortening throughout the Mesozoic that became less intense over time. Meanwhile, extension became more common from Jurassic into Tertiary time. Either compression or extension was isochronous but limited to different geographic regions and/or crustal levels or alternated repeatedly orogen‐wide through time. Nonetheless, the orogen underwent gradual transition from overall shortening and crustal thickening to dominantly extension and rift basin formation although these events overlapped in time from the Jurassic through Early Cretaceous. Penecontemporaneous compression and extension across the orogen may reflect long‐term (>100 m.y.) shortening and crustal thickening leading to gravitational spreading of the resultant thick crustal welt. We suspect that this prolonged history of shortening across two nearby (∼100 km apart) suture zones played some role in the exhumation of ultrahigh‐pressure rocks from beneath the Dabieshan.
Lateral channel migration effects on riparian forest structure and composition, Congaree River, South Carolina, USA

Lateral channel migration initiates complex and dynamic biogeomorphic responses that are fundamental to the creation and maintenance of riparian habitats along low-gradient, coastal plain rivers. This study examines the effects of lateral migration rates on the structure and composition of riparian forests along the Congaree River, Congaree National Park, in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina. Lateral channel migration rates were measured in a GIS using aerial photos from 1938–2006. Forest variables were measured from a stratified-random sample of 25 paired edge-interior plots, and analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests, Spearman’s correlations, multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP), and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMS) ordinations. Lateral channel migration produced a significant directional control on riparian forests. Pointbar forests exhibited classic forward succession dependent on spatial and temporal controls related to elevation, flood frequency, and lateral migration rates. Cutbank forests responded positively to exposure along the edge and increased in structural complexity with increasing proximity to the river; density, basal area, and richness varied inversely with lateral migration rates. Cutbank edges with low lateral migration allowed longer time for trees to colonize and they contained greater density, basal area, and richness. Cutbanks with high lateral migration contained lower tree density, basal area, and richness.
Correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and histopathology in the measurement of tumor and breast volume and their ratio in breast cancer patients: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND Earlier studies have examined the association between the diameter of primary tumors measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology in breast cancer patients. However, the diameter does not completely describe the dimensions of the breast tumor or its volumetric proportion relative to the whole breast. The association between breast tumor volume/breast volume ratios measured by these two techniques has not been reported. METHODS Seventy-three patients were recruited from female patients with primary breast tumors admitted to our center between January and December 2010. They were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 46) underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM), and Group B (n = 27) underwent preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy before MRM. They were examined by dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to measure breast volumes (BVs), tumor volumes (TVs), and tumor volume/breast volume ratios (TV/BV). These measurements were compared with histopathology results after MRM, and the associations between MRI and pathology were analyzed by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS For Group A, the correlation coefficients for BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios measured by the two techniques were 0.938, 0.921, and 0.897 (all P < 0.001), respectively. For Group B, the correlation coefficients for BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios were 0.936, 0.902, and 0.869 (all P < 0.01), respectively. The results suggest statistically significant correlations between these parameters measured by the two techniques for both groups. CONCLUSION For these patients, BVs, TVs, and TV/BV ratios measured by DCE-MRI significantly correlated with those determined by histopathology.
Analysis and evaluation of an IP Address Geomapping technique

This paper explores and evaluates an IP Address Geomapping technique, which provides the mapping between a given IP address and its physical geographical location. After analyzing and comparing the related works and techniques, the most popular IP Address Geomapping data-base in China is focused on. By a sampling survey, the accuracy of the data-base is evaluated with statistics. With the conclusion, the technique is reliable enough to be used in studying on the distribution property of P2P network flows and the location-aware network architecture.
Type-2 fuzzy logic approach for short-term traffic forecasting

The performance of many components in intelligent transportation systems depends heavily on the quality of short-term traffic forecasts. We propose a new method for forecasting traffic based on type-2 fuzzy logic. Type-2 fuzzy logic is powerful in handling uncertainties, including uncertainties in measurements and data used to calibrate the parameters. In our formulation, the value of a membership function corresponding to a particular traffic state is no longer a crisp value. Rather, it is associated with a range of values that can be characterised by a function that reflects the level of uncertainty. Day-to-day traffic information is combined with real-time traffic information to construct fuzzy rules. The performance of the prediction procedure based on type-2 fuzzy logic is encouraging. The mean relative error is in the neighbourhood of 12% for occupancies and 5% for flows. A distinct advantage of a type-2 fuzzy logic-based traffic forecasting approach is that it can produce prediction intervals as a by-product of the fuzzy reduction process. Another desirable property of the proposed model is that the fuzzy engine formulated is usually tractable at every step, making it easy to incorporate site-specific information into the modelbuilding process to obtain more accurate results.
Array comparative genomic hybridisation testing in CHD

Abstract Background: CHD is the leading cause of mortality due to birth defects. Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) detects submicroscopic copy number changes and may improve identification of the genetic basis of CHD. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1252 patients from a regional referral centre who had undergone aCGH. Of the patients, 173 had CHD. A whole-genome custom-designed oligonucleotide array with >44,000 probes was used to detect copy number changes. Results: Of the 1252 patients, 335 (26.76%) had abnormal aCGH results. Of the 173 patients with CHD, 50 (28.9%) had abnormal aCGH results versus 284 (26.3%) of 1079 non-cardiac patients. There were six patients with CHD who had well-described syndromes such as Wolf–Hirschhorn, trisomy 13, DiGeorge, and Williams. Of the patients with CHD, those with left-sided heart disease had the highest proportion (14/31; 45.13%) of abnormal aCGH results, followed by those with conotruncal heart disease (10/29; 34.48%), endocardial cushion defects (13/50; 26%), complex/other heart disease (12/52; 23.08%), and patent ductus arteriosus (1/11; 9.09%). Conclusions: Patients with CHD are at a substantial risk of having microdeletions and microduplications. The incidence of abnormalities on aCGH analysis is higher than identified with karyotype, and identification of copy number changes may help identify the genetic basis of the specific heart defects. However, aCGH may not have a significant diagnostic yield in those with isolated CHD. Further research using larger data sets may help identify candidate genes associated with CHD.
Analysis of electrically large patch phased arrays via CFDTD

To validate the CFDTD code, analysis was first carried out on a smaller array with 64 elements. The structure was built up with elements identical to those used in the 10,000-element array. Models of the validation array were constructed using both CFDTD and XFDTD. The array radiation patterns were shown for 0deg, 30deg, 45deg, and 60deg scan angles at the center frequency of 1.75 GHz. The beam was scanned in the Phi = 90deg plane. The solid lines represent CFDTD data while the dotted lines indicate the corresponding XFDTD set. As the beam is steered away from boresight, the 3-dB beamwidth increases from 12.9deg at boresight to 26.2deg at the 60deg scan angle. The first sidelobe level is about 13 dB below the peak when the main beam is pointed at boresight. The total change in peak sidelobe level is 4.0 dB as the beam is scanned from boresight to 60deg. The array directivity calculated with CFDTD is 23.0 dB, which is within 0.2 dB of the value given by XFDTD. Furthermore, the scan loss from 0deg to 60deg is observed to be 3.0 dB with CFDTD and 2.8 dB with XFDTD. These values are consistent with expectations for a well behaved array with 0.5lambda element spacing
Characterization of a complex Duchenne muscular dystrophy–causing dystrophin gene inversion and restoration of the reading frame by induced exon skipping

Out of three mutations in the dystrophin gene that cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common, serious childhood muscle wasting disease, two are genomic deletions of one or more exons that disrupt the reading frame. Specific removal of an exon flanking a genomic deletion using antisense oligonucleotide intervention during pre‐RNA processing can restore the reading frame and could potentially reduce disease severity. We describe a rare dystrophin gene rearrangement; inversion of ∼28 kb, flanked by a 10‐bp duplication and an 11‐kb deletion, which led to the omission of exons 49 and 50 from the mature mRNA and the variable inclusion of several pseudoexons. In vitro transfection of cultured patient cells with antisense oligonucleotides directed at exon 51 induced efficient removal of that exon, as well as one of the more commonly included pseudoexons, suggesting closely coordinated splicing of these exons. Surprisingly, several antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) directed at this pseudoexon had no detectable effect on the splicing pattern, while all AOs directed at the other predominant pseudoexon efficiently excised that target. Antisense oligomers targeting dystrophin exon 51 for removal are currently undergoing clinical trials. Despite the unique nature of the dystrophin gene rearrangement described here, a personalized multiexon skipping treatment is applicable and includes one compound entering clinical trials for DMD. Hum Mutat 0, l–7, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signature Segmentation from Document Images

In this paper we propose a novel method for the extraction of signatures from document images. Instead of using a human defined set of features a part-based feature extraction method is used. In particular, we use the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) to distinguish the machine printed text from signatures. Using SURF features makes the approach generally more useful and reliable for different resolution documents. We have evaluated our system on the publicly available Tobacco-800 dataset in order to compare it to previous work. Finally, all signatures were found in the images and less than half of the found signatures are false positives. Therefore, our system can be applied for practical use.
Object tracking algorithm based on particle filter with color and texture feature

In this paper we present an improved particle filter algorithm for object tracking which combines color and texture features of the object. This new algorithm can overcome the influence of the following factors effectively such as nonlinear motion of the target, occlusion and illumination change. We describe the target feature by the improved color histogram and LBP texture histogram, and establish the reference model of the target. A weighted fusion method is used to realize the linear fusion of color and texture features. In order to adapt to the change of target and environment, an adaptive updating strategy of target template is designed, and the number of particles is dynamically adjusted when the target is seriously disturbed. Experimental results show that compared with the basic particle filter algorithm, the new algorithm proposed in this paper has better robustness and can achieve stable tracking in the presence of occlusion and illumination changes.
Comparison of DoA Estimation Algorithms in SDMA System

With Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) schemes employing digital signal processing algorithms in its smart antenna systems, it is possible to improve the system capacity of modern wireless communication systems by enabling user's angular separation. Angular separation ability enhances reception in Signal-of-Interest direction and minimizes interference in Signal-of-Not-Interest direction. Direction of Arrival (DoA) algorithms are used for estimation of a number of incident plane waves on the antenna array and their incidence angles. This paper compares performance of three DoA algorithms: MUSIC, root-MUSIC and Capon applied on the uniform linear array in the presence of uncorrelated white noise. The simulation results show that MUSIC outperformed root-MUSIC and Capon in both required number of snapshots and number of array elements as well as in signal-to-noise ratio requirements.
Polyamide struts for DNA architectures.

Owing to its well-established synthetic access, its well-known structural properties, and its size, DNA is a very interesting material for building nanoarchitectures in a bottom-up approach. This has already been proven in a number of studies. For example, cubes, octahedra, Borromean rings, as well as tubes (nanowires) have been built with DNA. However, DNA can not only be used as a structural material on a nanometer scale but also as a functional material, for example, to measure temperature force. However, as DNA is a linear polymer, it is difficult to build stable, branched three-dimensional architectures. Branched DNA duplexes offer a possible solution, but complex “tiles” have to be used for stable structures. Other approaches, for example, rely on the use of synthetic DNA derivatives to build trisoligonucleotidyl junctions. Polyamides derived from nonproteinogenic amino acids containing N-methlypyrrole, N-methylimidazole, or N-methylhydroxypyrrole groups can bind in a hairpin motif to the minor groove of double-stranded (ds) DNA. The base sequence to which they can bind selectively and with high affinity can be programmed by the sequence of the respective residues in the two antiparallel strands of the hairpin polyamide. A complete set of pairing rules is available for the straight-forward recognition of the majority of possible DNA sequences. DNA-binding polyamides of this type can be used for a variety of applications, like, for example, gene regulation or as sequence-selective nuclear stains. As most of the names for this class of compound are either lengthy or imprecise, we propose the term “Dervan-type polyamide” in honor of P. B. Dervan who made the major contributions in this field. Herein, we report on the use of Dervan-type polyamides as a possible second orthogonal structural element—besides Watson–Crick base pairing—for DNA-based architectures. Our rationale is that by connecting two hairpin polyamides with a long and flexible linker, we generate “DNA struts” that target their matching binding sites on different DNA duplex strands and can thus function as “sequence-selective glue”, which will make it easier to build up complex stable architectures. Only once before has a Dervan polyamide been shown to bind across twoDNAduplexes, but in this case, the two duplexes were preorganized next to each other in the nucleosome core particle. To test whether Dervan polyamides alone can be used to hold DNA objects together, we synthesized the heterobifunctional strut S-AB shown in Figure 1. It consists of the two
A GrpE mutant containing the NH(2)-terminal "tail" region is able to displace bound polypeptide substrate from DnaK.

A key feature to the dimeric structure for the GrpE heat shock protein is the pair of long helices at the NH(2)-terminal end followed by a presumable extended segment of about 30 amino acids from each monomer. We have constructed a GrpE deletion mutant protein that contains only the unique tail portion (GrpE1-89) and another that is missing this region (GrpE88-197). Circular dichroism analysis shows that the GrpE1-89 mutant still contains one-third percent alpha-helical secondary structure. Using an assay that measures bound peptide to DnaK we show that the GrpE1-89 is able to lower the amount of bound peptide, whereas GrpE88-197 has no effect. Additionally, when the same peptide binding assay is carried out with the COOH-terminal domain of DnaK, the full-length GrpE and the two GrpE deletion mutants show little to no effect on peptide release. Furthermore, the GrpE88-197 mutant is able to enhance the off-rate of nucleotide from DnaK and the 1-89 mutant has no effect on the nucleotide release. Similar results of nucleotide release are observed with the NH(2)-terminal ATPase domain mutant of DnaK. The results presented show directly that there is interaction between the GrpE protein's "tail" region and the substrate COOH-terminal peptide binding domain of DnaK, although the effect is only fully manifest with an intact full-length DnaK molecule.
expression of a bacterial β-carotene hydroxylase in canthaxanthin producing mutant Mucor circinelloides strains

Xanthophylls, primarily hydroxyl- and keto-derivatives of β-carotene (such as zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone and astaxanthin) have powerful antioxi- dant activity. Due to several positive effects on human and animal health, industrial application of xanthophylls shows an increasing tendency. In our previous study, carotenoid biosynthesis of the β-carotene producing zygomycetes, Mucor circinelloides was modified by integrating the β-carotene ketolase encoding gene (crtW) of Paracoccus sp. N81106 into the genome. The isolated mutants accumulated mainly canthaxanthin and echinenone. Although, the fungus has β-carotene hydroxylase activity the astaxanthin production remained low even under dif- ferent cultivation conditions, whereby canthaxanthin accumulation was further enhanced. In this study, the β-carotene hydroxylase encoding gene (crtZ) of the same bacterium was intro- duced into these canthaxanthin producing mutants of M. circinelloides either on autonomously replicating plasmids or by integrating it into the genome using the REMI method. Increased astaxanthin accumulation was observed in the transformants, which together with zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin content could be further enhanced several fold by the modification of the cultivation conditions. An effective method for the extraction of carotenoids from Mucor mycelia grown in liquid culture was also developed. Acta Biol Szeged 58(2):139-146 (2014)