Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instructional Guidance in Reciprocal Peer Tutoring with Task Cards

This article addresses the issue of instructional guidance in reciprocal peer tutoring with task cards as learning tools. Eighty-six Kinesiology students (age 17–19 years) were randomized across four reciprocal peer tutoring settings, differing in quality and quantity of guidance, to learn Basic Life Support (BLS) with task cards. The separate and combined effect of two instructional guidance variables, role switching and role definition, was investigated on learning outcomes. In all settings student pairs were given 20 min to learn BLS. Individual student performance was measured before (baseline), immediately after (intervention) and two weeks later (retention). Repeated ANOVA showed strong learning gains but no significant differences between groups for total BLS scores. However, at retention significantly more students from the most guided condition remembered and consequently performed all BLS skills. It is concluded that guidance comprising role switching and role definition enhances skill retention in reciprocal peer tutor ing with task cards.
A resource-based view on enablers of supplier integration: evidence from China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of human resource (HR) and manufacturing plant information technology (MP-IT) resource on companies’ internal integration capabilities and how these resources/capabilities influence supplier integration. Design/methodology/approach – Using data collected from 604 Chinese manufacturers, the authors empirically test the effects of different types of resources/capabilities on supplier integration. Findings – The results show that HR has both direct and indirect effects on supplier integration through their effects on internal integration capabilities. MP-IT resource only has significant indirect effects on supplier integration through internal integration capabilities. The results also indicate that HR is more important than MP-IT resource in improving internal integration capabilities and supplier integration. Originality/value – This study empirically investigates enablers of supplier integration in China, contributing to supply chain integr.
Measuring the Accuracy of Linked Data Indices

Being based on Web technologies, Linked Data is distributed and decentralised in its nature. Hence, for the purpose of finding relevant Linked Data on the Web, search indices play an important role. Also for avoiding network communication overhead and latency, applications rely on indices or caches over Linked Data. These indices and caches are based on local copies of the original data and, thereby, introduce redundancy. Furthermore, as changes at the original Linked Data sources are not automatically propagated to the local copies, there is a risk of having inaccurate indices and caches due to outdated information. In this paper I discuss and compare methods for measuring the accuracy of indices. I will present different measures which have been used in related work and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages from a theoretic point of view as well as from a practical point of view by analysing their behaviour on real world data in an empirical experiment.
Fronto-parietal white matter microstructural deficits are linked to performance IQ in a first-episode schizophrenia Han Chinese sample

Background Evidence shows that cognitive deficits and white matter (WM) dysconnectivity can independently be associated with clinical manifestations in schizophrenia. It is important to explore this triadic relationship in order to investigate whether the triplet could serve as potential extended endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Method Diffusion tensor images and clinical performances were evaluated in 122 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and 122 age- and gender-matched controls. In addition, 65 of 122 of the patient group and 40 of 122 controls were measured using intelligence quotient (IQ) testing. Results The schizophrenia group showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than controls in the right cerebral frontal lobar sub-gyral (RFSG) WM. The schizophrenia group also showed a significant positive correlation between FA in the RFSG and performance IQ (PIQ); in turn, their PIQ score showed a significant negative correlation with negative syndromes. Conclusions Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that WM deficits may be a core deficit that contributes to cognitive deficits as well as to negative symptoms.
The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen during cosmic pre-reionization

We re-examine the role of collisions in decoupling the H i 21-cm spin temperature from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The cross-section for de-exciting the 21-cm transition in collisions with free electrons is more than 10 times larger than it is in collisions with other atoms. If the fraction of free electrons in the diffuse cosmic gas is between 10 and 30 per cent then collisions alone can decouple the spin temperature from the CMB, even in moderately underdense regions at z≳ 15. This decoupling is especially important during the very early stages of reionization when a Lyα continuum background had yet to be established. As a detailed example, we develop a semi-analytic model to quantify 21-cm emission signatures from a diffuse gas which is partially ionized at z≳ 10 by an X-ray background. We find 21-cm differential brightness temperature fluctuations with a mean of ≳8 mK and an rms value as large as 5 mK, for a frequency resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz and a beamsize of 3 arcmin. Another example where free electron–atom collisions are important is during the recombination of bubbles ionized by short-lived UV sources. When the ionized fraction in these bubbles drops to 10–20 per cent their differential temperature can be as high as 10 mK.
Mathematical modelling of whole chromosome replication

All chromosomes must be completely replicated prior to cell division, a requirement that demands the activation of a sufficient number of appropriately distributed DNA replication origins. Here we investigate how the activity of multiple origins on each chromosome is coordinated to ensure successful replication. We present a stochastic model for whole chromosome replication where the dynamics are based upon the parameters of individual origins. Using this model we demonstrate that mean replication time at any given chromosome position is determined collectively by the parameters of all origins. Combining parameter estimation with extensive simulations we show that there is a range of model parameters consistent with mean replication data, emphasising the need for caution in interpreting such data. In contrast, the replicated-fraction at time points through S phase contains more information than mean replication time data and allowed us to use our model to uniquely estimate many origin parameters. These estimated parameters enable us to make a number of predictions that showed agreement with independent experimental data, confirming that our model has predictive power. In summary, we demonstrate that a stochastic model can recapitulate experimental observations, including those that might be interpreted as deterministic such as ordered origin activation times.
Understandings of Care Work With Young Children

This paper reviews some of the ways in which early childhood professionals in England discuss aspects of practice in nurseries for preschool age children. The ways in which professionals talk about and react to early childhood practice tell us much about contemporary understandings of such practice and how concepts and policies developed over time are being interpreted and translated on the ground. The data for the study were obtained using a video observation method that asks small groups of selected and knowledgeable people to make spontaneous comments about elements of professional practice, both national and cross-national, that they view on a video. One of the emergent themes from this `talk' was a discourse around children's independence and choice in early childhood services such as childcare centres. This discourse is discussed with reference to the wider discourses on `independence', contrasting current debate in England with that in other European countries.
Analyse temporelle de la dynamique de communautés végétales à l'aide de modèles individus-centrés. (Temporal analysis of plant community dynamics using individual-based models)

Les communautes vegetales constituent des systemes complexes au sein desquels de nombreuses especes, pouvant presenter une large variete de traits fonctionnels, interagissent entre elles et avec leur environnement. En raison de la quantite et de la diversite de ces interactions les mecanismes qui gouvernent les dynamiques des ces communautes sont encore mal connus. Les approches basees sur la modelisation permettent de relier de maniere mecaniste les processus gouvernant les dynamiques des individus ou des populations aux dynamiques des communautes qu'ils forment. L'objectif de cette these etait de developper de telles approches et de les mettre en oeuvre pour etudier les mecanismes sous-jacents aux dynamiques des communautes.Nous avons ainsi developpes deux approches de modelisation. La premiere s'appuie sur un cadre de modelisation stochastique permettant de relier les dynamiques de populations aux dynamiques des communautes en tenant compte des interactions intra- et interspecifiques et de l'impact des variations environnementale et demographique. Cette approche peut-etre aisement appliquee a des systemes reels et permet de caracteriser les populations vegetales a l'aide d'un petit nombre de parametres demographiques. Cependant nos travaux suggerent qu'il n'existe pas de relation simple entre ces parametres et les traits fonctionnels des especes, qui gouvernent pourtant leur reponse aux facteurs externes. La seconde approche a ete developpee pour depasser cette limite et s'appuie sur le modele individu-centre Nemossos qui represente de maniere explicite le lien entre le fonctionnement des individus et les dynamiques de la communaute qu'ils forment. Afin d'assurer un grand potentiel d'application a Nemossos, nous avons apportes une grande attention au compromis entre realisme et cout de parametrisation. Nemossos a ainsi pu etre entierement parametre a partir de valeur de traits issues de la litterature , son realisme a ete demontre, et il a ete utilise pour mener des experiences de simulations numeriques sur l'importance de la variabilite temporelle des conditions environnementales pour la coexistence d'especes fonctionnellement differentes. La complementarite des deux approches nous a permis de proposer des elements de reponse a divers questions fondamentales de l'ecologie des communautes incluant le role de la competition dans les dynamiques des communautes, l'effet du filtrage environnementale sur leur composition fonctionnel ou encore les mecanismes favorisant la coexistence des especes vegetales. Ici ces approches ont ete utilisees separement mais leur couplage peut offrir des perspectives interessantes telles que l'etude du lien entre le fonctionnement des plantes et les dynamiques des populations. Par ailleurs chacune des approches peut etre utilisee dans une grande variete d'experiences de simulation susceptible d'ameliorer notre comprehension des mecanismes gouvernant les communautes vegetales.
Identity Construction through Schooling: Listening to Students' Voices

One of the main problems faced by several educational systems around the world is educational exclusion. Portugal is no exception. It is recognized that those who drop out of education are at risk of social exclusion, with reduced opportunities to participate in society. In order to understand this, the authors reconceptualized the school as a community of practice, where students not only appropriate academic knowledge, but also new ways of being and perceiving themselves and others, and school practice itself. This article aims to better understand educational exclusion from the perspective of at-risk students. How do their constructed positional identities originate ways of being, relating and acting in relation to school agents and practices? The authors developed four focus group interviews with students presenting high rates of truancy and failure. Against their expectations, several students showed intent of pursuing their own path within the school system and saw themselves as capable of changing the conditions of failure in order to succeed in school.
Recommending a Nursing-Specific Passing Standard for the IELTS Examination

Licensure testing programs in the United States (e.g., nursing) face an increasing challenge of measuring the competency of internationally trained candidates, both in relation to their clinical competence and their English language competence. To assist with the latter, professional licensing bodies often adopt well-established and widely available international English language proficiency measures. In this context, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) sought to develop a nursing-specific passing standard on the International English Language Testing System that U.S. jurisdictions could consider in their licensure decisions for internationally trained candidates. Findings from a standard setting exercise were considered by NCSBN's Examination Committee in conjunction with other relevant information to produce a legally defensible passing standard on the test. This article reports in detail on the standard setting exercise conducted as part of this policy-making process; it describes the techniques adopted, the procedures followed, and the outcomes obtained. The study is contextualized within the current literature on standard setting. The latter part of the article describes the nature of the policy-making process to which the study contributed and discusses some of the implications of including a language literacy test as part of a licensure testing program.
The gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor pi subunit is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

CONTEXT The identification of genes involved in tumorigenesis is essential for the development of new treatment strategies or diagnostic approaches for pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE To identify genes overexpressed in pancreatic cancer we employed differential display, a PCR-based method of differential expression cloning. Using this method, we identified a PCR product that was consistently overexpressed in pancreatic tumors relative to normal pancreatic tissues. SETTING Five pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 5 bulk pancreatic ducts isolated from independent pancreatic specimens without malignancies were analyzed by differential display. A panel of 12 pancreatic tumors at various stages of differentiation and a set of 6 pancreatic ducts without malignancies were then used to verify expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS Sequence analysis of a cDNA detected by differential display revealed that it was a portion of the recently cloned gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor pi subunit. RT-PCR analysis of a panel of RNAs prepared from pancreatic ducts isolated from organs without malignancies and pancreatic tumors confirmed that that the gamma-butyric acid A receptor pi subunit was significantly overexpressed in pancreatic carcinomas. Analysis of 12 pancreatic tumors revealed that the pi subunit was overexpressed in 10 of the tumors (83%). The expression varied among the tumors, however, overexpression was observed in tumors of each histopathological grade. In contrast, none of the normal pancreatic tissues analyzed displayed high levels of expression. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the GABAA receptor pi subunit may thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.
The Effect of Participating in Indiana’s Twenty-first Century Scholars Program on College Enrollments

Our study adds to prior work on Indiana’s Twenty-first Century Scholars(TFCS) program by focusing on whether participating in—rather than completing—the program affects the likelihood of students going to college and where they initially enrolled. We first employ binary and multinomial logistic regression to obtain estimates of the impact of the program without controlling for self-selection into the program and find that signing up for the TFCS program has a relatively small effect on whether students go to college and where they enroll. We then used alternative statistical approaches to reduce the bias due to self-selection into the TFCS program. Although the estimated program effects after accounting for self-selection were larger than in the earlier models, they were still notably smaller than reported in prior studies of the program.
AN ASYMPTOTIC NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED WEAKLY COUPLED SYSTEM OF CONVECTION-DIFFUSION TYPE DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

In this paper an asymptotic numerical method is suggested to solve singularly perturbed weakly coupled system of convectiondiffusion type second order ordinary differential equations with delay (negative shift) terms. An error estimate is derived in the supremum norm and it is found to be of order O(N−1 lnN) provided that ε ≤ CN−1, where ε is small perturbation parameter and N is the discretization parameter. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 34K10, 34K26, 34K28
Theoretical, Weak and Strong Accuracy Graphs of Spectrum-Based Fault Localization Formulas

Driven by the need to know which spectrum-based fault localization techniques are more effective in locating faults, many studies have sought to compare the accuracy of different formulas used in these techniques, resulting in findings of both theoretical and empirical accuracy relations of these formulas. Theoretical accuracy relations are independent of the specific programs and other settings involved, but limited by underlying assumptions and manual work in proofs. An accuracy graph can be constructed to holistically represent the proved relations. On the other hand, empirical studies are free of specific theoretical assumptions and can be highly automatable and scalable. A recent study has developed a systematic methodology based on statistical tests to reveal consistent and statistically sound empirical accuracy relations. That work has demonstrated the merits of empirical accuracy graphs in revealing relations that can be hard to prove. In this paper, we propose to use a stronger criterion for comparing formulas, describe an exploratory experiment to construct accuracy graphs based on the criterion, and report interesting relations found from the resulting accuracy graphs.
2 The peer selection algorithm

We propose two new greedy algorithms to be used by software clients running the BitTorrent peer to peer protocol: a new peer selection algorithm and a new piece selection algorithm. We provide experimental results showing that the proposed algorithms are better than the ones currently in use. When used together in our experiments, the algorithms decreased the expected download time by ? % on average when compared to an identical client running the standard Rarest First and Choke/Random Unchoke algorithms.
The Experimental Economics of Religion

This paper surveys the experimental economics approach to the study of religion. The field has a place in the context of the scientific study of religion generally and the social psychology of religion in particular, but employs distinct economic methods which promise new and different insights. In particular, certain features of the experimental approach as used by economists such as incentive compatibility are particularly appropriate for studying the effect of religion on individual behaviour. The paper discusses results obtained so far in terms of two roles of religion in shaping individual behaviour, that is, as a social group identifier and as a set of values.
The Balance Score Card for the Design and Validation Instrumens to Measure the Academic Teachers´s Achievement and Performance

The evaluation of faculty work is critical for the university accreditation. Moreover, particularly sensitive to this related tendency of faculty work evaluation; it is necessary to go beyond the knowledge factor and concentrating more in the degree of satisfaction of the stakeholders included in the process of university education. In this context, this research aims to design and validate the instruments directed to explore the internal academic environment of the faculty at the Centro Regional de Veraguas, Universidad Tecnologica de Panama; considered as dimensional axes to the organization, development, and the psycho-pedagogic properties of academic work. For the present research, the BSC methodology was used in different stages of strategic planning and program evaluation. The Delphi technique was used to validate the content and the construction of the instruments. The validation of the reliability value was established by the Cronbach's alpha value by using the SPSS for analysing the data.
Multiview Discriminative Geometry Preserving Projection for Image Classification

In many image classification applications, it is common to extract multiple visual features from different views to describe an image. Since different visual features have their own specific statistical properties and discriminative powers for image classification, the conventional solution for multiple view data is to concatenate these feature vectors as a new feature vector. However, this simple concatenation strategy not only ignores the complementary nature of different views, but also ends up with “curse of dimensionality. ” To address this problem, we propose a novel multiview subspace learning algorithm in this paper, named multiview discriminative geometry preserving projection (MDGPP) for feature extraction and classification. MDGPP can not only preserve the intraclass geometry and interclass discrimination information under a single view, but also explore the complementary property of different views to obtain a low-dimensional optimal consensus embedding by using an alternating-optimization-based iterative algorithm. Experimental results on face recognition and facial expression recognition demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Child Observation in Australia and the USA: A Cross‐National Analysis

This article reports findings from a study of how early childhood teachers think about and use child observation in Australian and US classrooms. Qualitative research methods were used to collect and analyze data from the two nations, and the paper reports on how teachers use child observation in each country. Uses in US early child settings included: assessing academic progress, adjusting curriculum/teaching strategies, diagnosing instructional needs/readiness, gathering information for reports to parents, dealing with behavior problems, assessing social adjustments, and documenting special needs. Australian uses included: identifying individual strengths and weaknesses, understanding children to guide their behavior, informing work with parents and other professionals, extending shared interests among children, noting individual differences that can extend the learning of the group, reflecting on the flow of the day, and evaluating teaching. Research methods are described, similarities and differences across data sets are discussed, and implications for policy and practice are presented.