Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spore fitness components do not differ between diploid and allotetraploid species of Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although allopolyploidy is a prevalent speciation mechanism in plants, its adaptive consequences are poorly understood. In addition, the effects of allopolyploidy per se (i.e. hybridization and chromosome doubling) can be confounded with those of subsequent evolutionary divergence between allopolyploids and related diploids. This report assesses whether fern species with the same ploidy level or the same altitudinal distribution have similar germination responses to temperature. The effects of polyploidy on spore abortion and spore size are also investigated, since both traits may have adaptive consequences. METHODS Three allotetraploid (Dryopteris corleyi, D. filix-mas and D. guanchica) and three related diploid taxa (D. aemula, D. affinis ssp. affinis and D. oreades) were studied. Spores were collected from 24 populations in northern Spain. Four spore traits were determined: abortion percentage, size, germination time and germination percentage. Six incubation temperatures were tested: 8, 15, 20, 25 and 32 degrees C, and alternating 8/15 degrees C. KEY RESULTS Allotetraploids had bigger spores than diploid progenitors, whereas spore abortion percentages were generally similar. Germination times decreased with increasing temperatures in a wide range of temperatures (8-25 degrees C), although final germination percentages were similar among species irrespective of their ploidy level. Only at low temperature (8 degrees C) did two allotetraploid species reach higher germination percentages than diploid parents. Allotetraploids showed faster germination rates, which would probably give them a competitive advantage over diploid parents. Germination behaviour was not correlated with altitudinal distribution of species. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that (i) relative fitness of allopolyploids at sporogenesis does not differ from that of diploid parents and (ii) neither does allopolyploidization involve a change in the success of spore germination.
AN EVALUATION OF THE SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE NEW SCHOOL MODEL: A STUDY ON AL AIN SCHOOLS

In 2005, the government of Abu Dhabi started a reform initiative by establishing the Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC). ADEC became responsible for efforts to improve the performance of schools and increase students’ achievement in the emirate. One way to do this was by creating the New School Model (NSM). Part of the NSM reform was a shift from the centralized system of managing the schools into a decentralized system that delegates and sometimes devolves decision-making authority to schools themselves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which School-Based Management (SBM) has been practiced in the New School Model (NSM) schools in Al Ain. The other purpose is to investigate the influence of staff position on the practices of the SBM. The third purpose is to identify the main areas of SBM practices that need improvement based on the perceptions of the participants. A descriptive quantitative research method in the form of a questionnaire was utilized to obtain the perceptions of 351 school staff. The conceptual framework for the SBM practices that guided this study was built from a synthesis of literature related to SBM and the features of NSM. The framework identified six critical areas of SBM practices: (a) effective school leadership, (b) budget allocation, (c) management strategies, (d) staff development, (e) curriculum and instruction, and (f) resources. ADEC grants authority in the areas of management strategies, staff development, curriculum and instruction, and resources. The areas of effective leadership and budget allocation have no or little authority. The results indicate that participation of school staff in SBM practices in areas where staff has more authority was greater than their participation in areas with no or little authority. In addition, the staff desire to participate in decision-making was strong and compatible with their actual participation in both areas. Moreover, the staff desire
Comparing United States versus international medical school graduate physicians who serve African- American and White elderly.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship that international medical school graduates (IMGs) in comparison with United States medical school graduates (USMGs) have on health care-seeking behavior and satisfaction with medical care among African-American and white elderly. DATA SOURCES Secondary data analysis of the 1986-1998 Piedmont Health Survey of the Elderly, Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, a racially oversampled urban and rural cohort of elders in five North Carolina counties. STUDY DESIGN Primary focus of analyses examined the impact of the combination of elder race and physician graduate status across time using a linear model for repeated measures analyses and chi2 tests. Separate analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for each measure of elder characteristic and health behavior. The analytic cohort included 341 physicians and 3,250 elders (65 years old and older) in 1986; by 1998, 211 physicians and 1,222 elders. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Trained personnel collected baseline measures on 4,162 elders (about 80 percent responses) through 90-minute in-home interviews. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Over time, IMGs treated more African-American elders, and those who had less education, lower incomes, less insurance, were in poorer health, and who lived in rural areas. White elders with IMGs delayed care more than those with USMGs. Both races indicated being unsure about where to go for medical care. White elders with IMGs were less satisfied than those with USMGs. Both races had perceptions of IMGs that relate to issues of communication, cultural competency, ageism, and unnecessary expenses. CONCLUSION IMGs do provide necessary and needed access to medical care for underserved African Americans and rural populations. However, it is unclear whether concerns regarding cultural competency, communication and the quality of care undermine the contribution IMGs make to these populations.
Hubungan self-efficacy dengan tingkat depresi pada atlet taekwondo remaja

This research was purposed to found the correlation between self-efficacy and depression level inadolescent athletes. Subjects were 100 adolescent with the age range start from 11 years old untill 20 years old which has a profession as a taekwondo athlete (55 males, 45 females). The Instruments of this research were self-efficacy scale and depression level scale. Self-efficacy scale was consisted of 72 items and depression level scale was adopted from Beck’s Depression Scale, and it is consisted of 20 good items. Datas was analyzed by SPSS 16.00 program. The resultshowed that self-efficacy had a negative correlated and it is significant with depression level (r=-0,473, p=0,000; p<0,05). A subject with a high self-efficacy has a low depression level. Subject had a high self-efficacy as much as 66%, therefore they had a low depression level and there was no subject who had low self-efficacy. From the result of these analysis, it could be concluded that the hypothesis of this research was accepted. Addition, the practice duration was positively correlates and significant with self-efficacy (r=0,239, p=0,016; p<0,05). But, the practice duration wasn’t significantly correlated with depression level. The result of the addition also shows that the age hasn’t significant correlation between self-efficacy and depression level. Keyword: self-efficacy, depression, adolescent, taekwondo athlete. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Health Literacy Knowledge Among Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Professionals

While direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising has been the subject of ongoing debate, to this point the perspective of the advertising professionals engaged in creating these ads has been absent from the discussion. This study, consisting of in-depth interviews with advertising professionals (N = 22), was an initial investigation focused on these individuals. The primary purpose of this study was to explore advertising professionals' understanding of health literacy—consumers' ability to obtain, process, and act on health information; with that context in place, participants' views on the role of DTC advertising, industry regulations, and the future of the industry were also investigated. While some participants knew nothing about health literacy or had a relatively simple conceptualization (e.g., grade level of written materials), others exhibited more nuanced understanding of health literacy (e.g., the need to pair relevant images with text to enhance understanding). Participants spoke of the potential public health benefit of DTC advertising in educating consumers about health issues, but were realistic that such efforts on the part of pharmaceutical companies were driven primarily by business concerns—educational messages need to be tied directly to an advertised medication and its benefits. These professionals spoke of industry regulations as presenting additional barriers to effective communication and suggested that industry trends toward more niche products will necessitate more patient education about less well-known health issues. Directions for future research are considered, as more investigation of this understudied group is necessary to enrich the DTC prescription drug advertising debate.
Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Atrophic Facial Acne Scars

Background: While laser resurfacing remains the most effective treatment option for atrophic acne scars, the high incidence of post-treatment adverse effects limits its use. Fractional laser photothermolysis attempts to overcome these limitations of laser resurfacing by creating microscopic zones of injury to the dermis with skip areas in between. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in atrophic facial acne scars. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with moderate to severe atrophic facial acne scars were treated with 3-4 sessions of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing at 6-week intervals. The therapeutic response to treatment was assessed at each follow up visit and then finally 6 months after the last laser session using a quartile grading scale. Response to treatment was labelled as ‘excellent’ if there was >50% improvement in scar appearance and texture of skin on the grading scale while 25-50% response and <25% improvement were labelled as ‘good’ and ‘poor’ response, respectively. The overall satisfaction of the patients and any adverse reactions to the treatment were also noted. Results: Most of the patients showed a combination of different morphological types of acne scars. At the time of final assessment 6 months after the last laser session, an excellent response was observed in 26 patients (43.3%) while 15 (25%) and 19 patients (31.7%) demonstrated a good and poor response respectively. Rolling and superficial boxcar scars responded the best while pitted scars responded the least to fractional laser monotherapy. The commonest reported adverse effect was transient erythema and crusting lasting for an average of 3-4 and 4-6 days, respectively while three patients developed post-inflammatory pigmentation lasting for 8-12 weeks. Conclusions: Fractional laser resurfacing as monotherapy is effective in treating acne scars especially rolling and superficial boxcar scars with minimal adverse effects.
Spousal Retirement and Hours Outcomes

Increasing individual working lives to counter population ageing and public pension deficits is of utmost interest to policy makers today. Because over 70 percent of older individuals live in a couple, it is relevant to investigate spouses’ retirement strategies. Earlier literature in this area focused on spousal participation decision. Here we exploit the law on retirement age in France to identify the effect of a spouse’s retirement on the other spouse’s labor supply, accounting for both participation and hours responses. The sample for the analysis includes over 85,000 French couples with both spouses aged 50 to 70 years. We find that the husband’s retirement probability increase significantly, though slightly, by about 0.02, upon retirement of the wife but the wife’s retirement does not respond to the husband’s retirement. Own hours of market work drop significantly and roughly by less than two hours per week upon spousal retirement.
Stage of regular exercise and health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND Research on cognitive factors and motivational readiness for exercise is important for increasing our understanding of behavior change among those with sedentary lifestyles. This study examines stage of change for regular exercise and self-perceived quality of life. METHODS Data are from 1,387 respondents to a random digit dial survey of health behaviors. Stage of change is assessed with a single item, and individuals are classified with respect to intention and exercise behavior. Quality of life is assessed with the SF-36, a multidimensional measure of health-related quality of life. RESULTS Exercise stage is associated with self-perceived quality of life. The three areas most strongly related were physical functioning, general health perceptions, and vitality. Physical functioning scores were lowest in precontemplation and highest in maintenance. Vitality and mental health scales were related to exercise behavior, but not to intention. CONCLUSIONS Cognitions about self-perceived quality of life vary across the stages of change, with those who are least prepared to adopt regular exercise reporting the lowest levels of quality of life. These findings suggest that cognitive-motivational messages designed to emphasize quality of life benefits associated with exercise may be useful intervention strategies for people who are less motivationally ready to change.
Psychological mindedness.

THERE is a consensus in the psychotherapy literature that the patient dimension of psychological mindedness is important to working within all forms of psychoanalytically oriented therapy. Silver (1983) offered a comprehensive definition of psychological mindedness stating that the capacity includes: The patient's desire to learn the possible meanings and causes of his internal and external experiences as well as the patient's ability to look inwards to psychical factors rather than only outwards to environmental factors. [and] to potentially conceptualize the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and actions. (p. 516).
Resolution limits of closely spaced random signals given the desired success rate

Fundamental limitations on estimation accuracy are well known and include a variety of lower bounds including the celebrated Cramer Rao Lower Bound. However, similar theoretical limitations on resolution have not yet been presented. We exploit results from detection theory for deriving fundamental limitations on resolution. In this paper we discuss the resolution of two zero mean complex random Gaussian signals with a general and predefined covariance matrix observed with additive white Gaussian noise. The results are not based on any specific resolution technique and thus hold for any method and any resolution success rate. The theoretical limit is a simple expression of the observation interval, the user's pre-specified resolution success rate and the second derivative of the covariance matrix. We apply the results to the bearing resolution of two emitters with closely spaced direction of arrival impinging on an array of sensors. The derived limits are verified experimentally by model order selection methods such as the Akaike Information Criterion and the Minimum Description Length.
Subclinical tremor in normal controls with versus without a family history of essential tremor: data from the United States and Turkey

Background and purpose: Mild action tremor is very common in the population. One fundamental question is whether this tremor is related to the neurological disease essential tremor (ET), which occurs in a much smaller segment of the population? ET is often genetic, and variable phenotypic expression is well‐documented in the literature. We determined whether normal controls who report a family history of ET have greater action tremor than normal controls who do not report such a history.
The Impact of Antecedents on Relationship Benefits in Services Markets

In resent years, the concept of relationship benefits has attracted increasing attention among marketing researchers and practitioners. Despite a growing body of literature in this area, no generally accepted conceptualization of relationship benefits and their antecedents has emerged from the marketing literature. The present paper investigates the theoretical foundations of relationship marketing, then identifies four underling dimensions of relationship benefits and two underling dimensions of antecedents. The relationship benefits dimensions are confidence, social, special treatment, and honor benefits, their antecedents dimensions are interpersonal relationships and company relationships. It is suggested that antecedents and relationship benefits should be conceptualized as a formative, multidimensional, higher-order construct. This conceptualization is tested using data from a survey among some 400 customers of the services of hairdressers. The findings of this article are directions for future research and managerial implications. Keywords-company relationships; interpersonal relationships; relationship benefits; relationship marketing
Excretion of Putrescine and Spermidine by the Protein Encoded by YKL174c (TPO5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

The properties of the protein encoded by YKL174c (TPO5) were studied. It was found that TPO5 excretes putrescine effectively and spermidine less effectively. γ-Aminobutyric acid slightly inhibited the excretion of putrescine, but basic amino acids did not affect excretion, suggesting that TPO5 preferentially recognizes polyamines. Accordingly, yeast cells transformed with the plasmid encoding YKL174c (TPO5) were resistant to toxicity caused by 120 mm putrescine or by 3 mm spermidine, and a mutant with a disrupted YKL174c (TPO5) gene was sensitive to toxicity by 90 mm putrescine. The growth of this mutant was faster than that of the wild-type strain. In parallel, there was an increase in putrescine and spermidine content of the YKL174c (TPO5) mutant compared with wild-type. It is noted that TPO5 functions as a suppressor of cell growth by excreting polyamines. The level of YKL174c (TPO5) mRNA was increased by the addition of polyamines to the medium. The degree of induction of the mRNA was spermine > spermidine > putrescine. The subcellular localization of TPO5 was determined by immunostaining of hemagglutinin-tagged TPO5, and it was found on Golgi or post-Golgi secretory vesicles. Excretion of putrescine and spermidine by TPO5 was reduced in cells that have mutations in the secretory or endocytic pathways, indicating that both processes are involved in the excretion of polyamines.
Weight control beliefs, body shape attitudes, and physical activity among adolescents.

BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about how perceived weight controllability influences important psychological health factors among adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore adolescents' weight controllability beliefs and how those beliefs influence weight-related attitudes and behaviors. METHODS Adolescents (N = 369, mean age = 13.14, SD = 0.95) enrolled in physical education completed a survey packet, which included demographic questions and items targeting obesity, body shape, and weight controllability beliefs. RESULTS Participants believed that fat children have weight problems because they consume too many calories, are lazy, have access to junk food, and lack self-control. Those who endorsed high weight controllability beliefs were more likely to indicate that a thin person, as compared to a fat person, would enjoy physical activity and be coordinated, have higher levels of personal weight and body shape satisfaction, and engage in vigorous physical activity more days per week. CONCLUSIONS Perceived weight controllability may be an important construct to study further, particularly in relationship to health- and weight-related attitudes and behaviors.
Reduced Anxiety, Conditioned Fear, and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Receptor-Deficient Mice

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel (TRPV1) (formerly called vanilloid receptor VR1) is known for its key role of functions in sensory nerves such as perception of inflammatory and thermal pain. Much less is known about the physiological significance of the TRPV1 expression in the brain. Here we demonstrate that TRPV1 knock-out mice (TRPV1-KO) show less anxiety-related behavior in the light–dark test and in the elevated plus maze than their wild-type littermates with no differences in locomotion. Furthermore, TRPV1-KO mice showed less freezing to a tone after auditory fear conditioning and stress sensitization. This reduction of conditioned and sensitized fear could not be explained by alterations in nociception. Also, tone perception per se was unaffected, as revealed by determination of auditory thresholds through auditory brainstem responses and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. TRPV1-KO showed also less contextual fear if assessed 1 d or 1 month after strong conditioning protocols. These impairments in hippocampus-dependent learning were mirrored by a decrease in long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral–commissural pathway to CA1 hippocampal neurons. Our data provide first evidence for fear-promoting effects of TRPV1 with respect to both innate and conditioned fear and for a decisive role of this receptor in synaptic plasticity.
The Energy and Environmental Costs of China’s Trade Growth

This paper attempts to construct comparable price input-output tables for 1987-2006 and estimates the impacts of trade on China’s energy consumption and SO2 emissions based on these tables. The estimation results show that energy and sulfur embodied in exports surged during the 1987-2006 period and the impact of exports on China’s energy consumption and pollutant emissions reached a critical level. As energy and sulfur embodied in exports grew faster than pollution embodied in imports, the absolute gap between the two measurements continued to grow rapidly. Meanwhile, the terms of trade in energy and SO2 severely deteriorated.
An Exploration into the Pedagogy of Sustainable Lifesty

This paper is a narrative review on sustainable lifestyle. It surveys the literature and identifies key areas or themes relating to sustainable lifestyle. The research classifies various themes like agency-structure, cognitive-behavioralempirical, and policymaking and future projections. Pedagogical sustainable models show inclusion of various elements like content and theory on sustainability with the goal of practice and behavior change. Keywords—sustainable lifestyle; pedagogy; sustainability