Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Issues in Discharge Planning

The Medicare and Medicaid laws were intended to eliminate inferior medical care for the elderly and the indigent. The success of these programs, however, has led to more expense than the government had anticipated. To control this cost, the government has designed several utilization review processes that, by necessity, have also required quality assurance mech anisms. On the assumption that fewer hospital days would cost fewer dollars, discharge planning has evolved. Although physicians may find this somewhat time consuming, they must participate in discharge planning because of the consumers' demand, the legal requirement, the attempt to reduce litigation, and the potential income. All patients need discharge plan ning to some extent. The evaluation of the quality of discharge planning must look at its structure, its process, and its outcome. Most early studies seem to be looking at the in-hospital process, but we must also evaluate process-centered, patient-centered, commu nity-centered, and cost effectiveness-related out comes.
Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili

We have used Escherichia coli as a model system to investigate the initiation of biofilm formation. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli forms biofilms on multiple abiotic surfaces in a nutrient‐dependent fashion. In addition, we have isolated insertion mutations that render this organism defective in biofilm formation. One‐half of these mutations was found to perturb normal flagellar function. Using defined fli, flh, mot and che alleles, we show that motility, but not chemotaxis, is critical for normal biofilm formation. Microscopic analyses of these mutants suggest that motility is important for both initial interaction with the surface and for movement along the surface. In addition, we present evidence that type I pili (harbouring the mannose‐specific adhesin, FimH) are required for initial surface attachment and that mannose inhibits normal attachment. In light of the observations presented here, a working model is discussed that describes the roles of both motility and type I pili in biofilm development.
Heat transfer in a gas between parallel plates: Moment method and molecular dynamics.

We present here a comparison between measurements made in numerical experiments and approximate solutions to the Boltzmann equation for a dilute gas in a finite geometry and subjected to a temperature gradient. We first briefly recall a moment method that has been developed to solve the stationary state for the Boltzmann equation with boundary conditions independently of any small gradient expansions and we then apply it to the case of a temperature gradient within the so-called four- and six-moment approximations. These solutions are then compared to the results obtained by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a dilute gas enclosed between parallel plates held at different temperatures: Local measurements of the moments of the one-particle distribution function, related to the densities, the temperature, and the fluxes, are reported for various Knudsen numbers and for various temperature gradients.
Exploration of nurse practitioner practice with clients who are grieving

Purpose: Nurse practitioners (NPs) have provided care to clients in primary care settings for more than 40 years. Although NP practice standards have identified grief as a health concern that needs to be addressed, little is known about the practice of NPs with this population. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical practice of NPs in primary care with clients who were grieving the death of a significant person. Data sources: This descriptive exploratory qualitative study explored NPs' assessment, plan of care, and evaluation of healthcare outcomes for their clients who were grieving. Semi‐structured audiotaped interviews with nine NPs providing primary care to clients were completed. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Conclusions: The NPs' descriptions of their clinical practice yielded important information about their assessment, intervention, and evaluation of grieving clients. Descriptions of assessments by NPs provided important data that were categorized as physical complaints, overall functioning, and emotional well‐being or coping. Descriptions of interventions included validation of clients' grief, prescriptions, and teaching or referral. Descriptions of outcomes included relief of physical complaints and stabilized chronic illness, improvements in overall functioning, and improvements in clients' emotional well‐being and coping. Implications for practice: For NPs to be able to provide effective care to clients grieving the death of a loved one, they need a better understanding of theoretical models and current research related to grief. Further studies are needed to provide insight into the practice of NPs with this population.
Food allergy and irritable bowel syndrome

Purpose of review Irritable bowel syndrome is a common and likely a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder in which a disturbed brain-gut axis has been thought to have a mandatory role. Recent clinical and experimental studies imply that dietary factors may be more important in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome than was earlier anticipated. The purpose of this review is to present those studies and discuss their findings in relation to the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal immune and nervous systems. Recent findings Food elimination based on serum immunoglobulin G antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome has been found to result in a significant decrease in symptoms, compared with diets in which dietary restrictions are not guided by those antibodies. Both numbers of mast cells and their mediators have been shown to be increased in intestinal mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, especially in the close proximity of intestinal nerves. Animal studies have demonstrated that this increase in intestinal mast cell density could be a consequence of local hypersensitivity to food antigens. That kind of local gastrointestinal hypersensitivity seems to be beyond the reach of current diagnostic methods available in clinical practice. Summary Dietary factors may significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Elimination diets based on the detection of local food hypersensitivity may offer a treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome patients in the future.
Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of Tourette's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The authors present a model of the developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of Tourette's syndrome that provides a framework for ongoing research and treatment. METHOD The model is based on clinical experience and a selective review of relevant scientific literature. RESULTS During the past decade, Tourette's syndrome and related conditions have emerged as model disorders to study the interplay of genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors during development. Although prevention and treatment are paramount, the effectiveness of these interventions depends on the quality and extent of our knowledge. Programmatic research combined with sustained clinical care has led to advances in our knowledge of the natural history of these disorders over the course of development and glimpses of the pathophysiologic and psychopathological mechanisms that mediate their expression in vulnerable persons. CONCLUSIONS In the future, we expect that our understanding will extend from the molecular level of how specific genes and epigenetic factors confer and mediate vulnerability to an understanding of why certain symptoms emerge when they do in the course of central nervous system development.
Enhanced Processing of Emotional Gist in Peripheral Vision

Emotional (pleasant or unpleasant) and neutral scenes were presented foveally (at fixation) or peripherally (5.2° away from fixation) as primes for 150 ms. The prime was followed by a mask and a centrally presented probe scene for recognition. The probe was either identical in specific content (i.e., same people and objects) to the prime, or it was related to the prime in general content and affective valence. The probe was always different from the prime in color, size, and spatial orientation. Results showed an interaction between prime location and emotional valence for the recognition hit rate, but also for the false alarm rate and correct rejection times. There were no differences as a function of emotional valence in the foveal display condition. In contrast, in the peripheral display condition both hit and false alarm rates were higher and correct rejection times were longer for emotional than for neutral scenes. It is concluded that emotional gist, or a coarse affective impression, is extracted from emotional scenes in peripheral vision, which then leads to confuse them with others of related affective valence. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are discussed. An alternative explanation based on the physical characteristics of the scene images was ruled out. En un paradigma de reconocimiento se presentaron fotografías-estímulo (prime) de escenas emocionales y neutras durante 150 ms cada una, bien fovealmente (en el centro de fijación visual) o periféricamente (a 5.2° de separación), seguidas por una máscara y una fotografía de prueba (probe). La fotografía prime y la probe podían ser idénticas en contenido específico (las mismas personas y objetos) o únicamente relacionadas en su contenido general y valencia emocional (agradables, desagradables, o neutras). Los resultados mostraron un efecto interactivo de la ubicación espacial y la valencia emocional sobre la tasa de aciertos, pero también la de falsas alarmas y el tiempo de rechazos correctos: No hubo diferencias en estas variables en función de la valencia emocional en la ubicación foveal; en cambio, en la periférica, tanto los aciertos como las falsas alarmas fueron más frecuentes, y el tiempo de los rechazos correctos fue más lento, para las escenas de contenido emocional que las neutras. Los autores concluyen que las personas obtienen una impresión genérica de la valencia afectiva de los estímulos pictóricos en visión periférica, que lleva a confundir las escenas con otras de similar valencia afectiva. Se examinan los mecanismos neurofisiológicos involucrados en este efecto de percepción emocional periférica. Se rechaza la hipótesis de que los efectos del contenido emocional de las imágenes sean debidos a diferencias en las propiedades físicas.
Algebraic functions in Łukasiewicz implication algebras

In this article we study algebraic functions in {→, 1}-subreducts of MV-algebras, also known as Łukasiewicz implication algebras. A function is algebraic on an algebra A if it is definable by a conjunction of equations on A. We fully characterize algebraic functions on every Łukasiewicz implication algebra belonging to a finitely generated variety. The main tool to accomplish this is a factorization result describing algebraic functions in a subproduct in terms of the algebraic functions of the factors. We prove a global representation theorem for finite Łukasiewicz implication algebras which extends a similar one already known for Tarski algebras. This result together with the knowledge of algebraic functions allowed us to give a partial description of the lattice of classes axiomatized by sentences of the form ∀∃! ∧ p ≈ q within the variety generated by the 3-element chain.
Livy's Exemplary History

The idea that it is possible to learn from history is fascinating, but also complex. What exactly can you learn from the past? Does it repeat itself? If it does, how can you prevent repetition of evil and ensure repetition of good? Livy's History of Rome is all about people learning or failing to learn from the past, so in many ways his work is an extended exploration of this problem. In this book Dr Chaplin starts from Livy's programmatic claim that history offers examples of good and bad conduct. Where previous studies have focused on the meaning of exemplary episodes and characters in isolation, this treatment traces the way historical figures try to interpret the past to their advantage. In doing so, the book demonstrates Livy's awareness of the shifting relevance of history and argues that a narrative organized around exempla allowed Livy, poised between the collapse of the Republic and the foundation of the Empire, to make the Romans' past meaningful for their future.
Effect of Fluoride-Resistant Microorganisms on Dental Caries

Several strains of Streptococcus mutans were treated with mutagens and fluoride resistant mutants were obtained. Strains S-126 (obtained from W. W. Briner) and 6715 (obtained from Paul Keyes) were made resistant to 600 ppm Fby exposure to ultraviolet light. FA-1 (obtained from R. Fitzgerald) was made resistant to 600 ppm Fby exposure to acriflavin. * Tolerance to fluoride was based on abundant fluocculant growth. All of the mutant isolates possessed the same basic carbohydrate degradative pathways as the wild-type. Each isolate resistant to fluoride was tested for its ability to produce intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) by the method of VAN HOUTE (Caries Res., 2:47-56, 1968). Most isolates were found to produce IPS readily in the presence of fluoride. It was also noted that the greater the fluoride resistance of the mutant isolates, the higher was the fluoride concentrations at which IPS formation was evident. All mutants were checked for acid production under increasing levels of fluoride in the growth medium. Those organisms which were found to produce the most acid at high fluoride levels were also those isolates which showed the greatest IPS formation. So, in general, IPS formation, acid production, and tolerance to high fluoride levels appeared to be related. In order to determine the amount of growth that was occurring under increased fluoride levels, dry weight determinations were carried out. The dry weights of these organisms increased with increasing levels of fluoride in the growth medium. The parent and mutant strains were inoculated into gnotobiotic rats and parent and mutant strains of 6715 were superimposed upon the microflora of conventional animals. Diet 2000t (KEYES and JORDAN, Arch Oral Biol, 9:377-400, 1964) was fed ad libitum and sodium fluoride was administered in the drinking water (45 ppm F-) or a neutral 1 % solution (4,500 ppm F-) was used to swab the teeth twice a day, five days per week. After 9 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and scored for caries by a
Special Jordan Subspaces and Synchrony Subspaces in Coupled Cell Networks

Given a regular network (in which all cells have the same type and receive the same number of inputs and all arrows have the same type), we single out a class of special subspaces of eigenspaces and generalized eigenspaces, and we use these subspaces to study the synchrony phenomenon in the theory of coupled cell networks. To be more precise, we prove that the synchrony subspaces of a regular network are precisely the polydiagonals that are direct sums of these special subspaces. We also show that they play an important role in the lattice structure of all synchrony subspaces because every join-irreducible element of the lattice is the smallest synchrony subspace containing at least one of those special subspaces. (A corrected PDF is attached.)
The Distributional Nexus of Choroid Plexus to Cerebrospinal Fluid, Ependyma and Brain

Bordering the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are epithelial cells of choroid plexus (CP), ependyma and circumventricular organs (CVOs) that contain homeostatic transporters for mediating secretion/reabsorption. The distributional pathway (“nexus”) of CP-CSF-ependyma-brain furnishes peptides, hormones, and micronutrients to periventricular regions. In disease/toxicity, this nexus becomes a conduit for infectious and xenobiotic agents. The sleeping sickness trypanosome (a protozoan) disrupts CP and downstream CSF-brain. Piperamide is anti-trypanosomic but distorts CP epithelial ultrastructure by engendering hydropic vacuoles; this reflects phospholipidosis and altered lysosomal metabolism. CP swelling by vacuolation may occlude CSF flow. Toxic drug tools delineate injuries to choroidal compartments: cyclophosphamide (vasculature), methylcellulose (interstitium), and piperazine (epithelium). Structurally perturbed CP allows solutes to penetrate the ventricles. There, CSF-borne pathogens and xenobiotics may permeate the ependyma to harm neurogenic stem cell niches. Amoscanate, an anti-helmintic, potently injures rodent ependyma. Ependymal/brain regions near CP are vulnerable to CSF-borne toxicants; this proximity factor links regional barrier breakdown to nearby periventricular pathology. Diverse diseases (e.g., African sleeping sickness, multiple sclerosis) take early root in choroidal, circumventricular, or perivascular loci. Toxicokinetics informs on pathogen, anti-parasitic agent, and auto-antibody distribution along the CSF nexus. CVOs are susceptible to plasma-borne toxicants/pathogens. Countering the physico-chemical and pathogenic insults to the homeostasis-mediating ventricle-bordering cells sustains brain health and fluid balance.
Lack of Associations of the MDM4 rs4245739 Polymorphism with Risk of Thyroid Cancer among Iranian-Azeri Patients: a Case-Control Study

Background and Aim: MDM4, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppression pathway, has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Research has revealed that the rs4245739 A>C polymorphism of MDM4 in the 3’-untranslated region makes it a miR-191 target site, leading to lower MDM4 expression. This study aimed to detect if the rs4245739 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) impacts on thyroid cancer (TC) development in Iranian-Azeri patients. Materials and Method: Blood samples were taken from 232 healthy controls and 130 TC patients of Iranian-Azeri ethnicity. For genotyping, Tetra-ARMS PCR was performed. SPSS for Windows (version 22.0, IBM SPSS Inc., USA) and the SHEsis online software were used for data analysis. Results: Alleles of MDM4 rs4245739 SNP demonstrated no significant different in frequencies between patients and controls (p>0.05). Additionally, genotypes of MDM4 rs4245739 SNP did not increase or decrease TC risk in patients compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion: Considering the lack of any observed association between the MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism and TC, we conclude no significant role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Study of Patients with Ocular Hypertension with Scanning Laser Polarimetry and Short-Wavelength Automatic Perimetry

Aims: To compare and correlate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements obtained by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) with defects detected by short-wavelength automatic perimetry (SWAP) in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: SLP and SWAP were performed in 96 eyes of 48 consecutive patients with OHT. Results: Twenty-five eyes (26%) had SWAP visual field defects. Twenty-seven eyes (28.1%) had abnormal RNFL evaluation defined by the GDx neural network (‘number’ >29). Fourteen eyes of 10 patients (14.5%) had abnormal RNFL evaluation and SWAP visual field defects. RNFL thickness measurements were significantly reduced in eyes with abnormal SWAP. A weak but statistically significant correlation between the ‘number’ and pattern standard deviation (r = 0.3, p = 0.006) and the corrected pattern standard deviation (r = 0.3, p = 0.007) in SWAP was found. Areas of abnormal RNFL thickness corresponded to the localization of the SWAP visual field defects in corrected pattern deviation plots in 10 of the 14 eyes with defects in both tests. Conclusions: SWAP visual field defects frequently coexist and correspond with abnormalities of RNFL detected by SLP in eyes with OHT. In certain eyes, however, the two methods detect different glaucoma properties.
Motor unit action potential components and physiologic duration

Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) recorded from the same motor unit at two distances along the biceps brachii muscle with monopolar needle electrodes at high amplifier gains (20 μV/division) and averaged 2000–3000 times reveal total potential durations of 39.6 ± 4.6 ms. In addition, the terminal segment for each of these two MUAPs contained a late far‐field potential with a mean duration of 23.8 ± 4.1 ms. Computer simulations of MUAPs suggest that this long‐duration positive far‐field mirrors the true morphology of the intracellular action potential (IAP), which is monophasic positive, possessing a terminal repolarization phase approaching 30 ms. This investigation suggests that the MUAP's physiologic duration is directly proportional to the muscle fiber length and the IAP's duration, which becomes manifest as a positive far‐field potential when the IAP encounters the musculotendinous junction and slowly dissipates. The leading/trailing dipole model is used to explain qualitatively this study's quantitative clinical and computer simulation findings. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 733–741, 1999.
THE MYTH OF THE REPLACEMENT CHILD : PARENTS ’ STORIES AND PRACTICES AFTER PERINATAL DEATH

Parents bereaved by perinatal death adapt to their losses in diÚerent ways. When bereaved parents give birth to a child or children subsequent to a perinatal death, their constructions of the family necessarily change. The subsequent child is thought to be at risk of psychopathology ( the replacement child syndrome) if parents have not suf ficiently grieved their losses. This qualitative interview study examines the family stories told by bereaved parents, with particular attention to how parents represent the dead child and subsequent children in the current family structure . We categorized parents’ stories as those which suggested that parents replaced the loss by an emphasis on parenting subsequent children, or maintained a connection to the dead child throug h storytelling and ritual behavior. The two ways in which parents maintained the connection were to preserve the space in the family that the dead child would have inhabited, or to create an on-going relationship with the dead child for themselves and their subsequent children. There seem to be multiple paths to parenting throug h bereavement. The place of rituals and memorial behavior is also examined.
Improved multiple kernel extreme learning machine based on AdaBoost.RT

In this paper, an improved multiple kernel extreme learning machine is proposed for multivariate time series prediction. The time series is first phase-space reconstructed to form the input and output samples and then an ensemble of multiple kernel extreme learning machine is proposed based on AdaBoost.RT to achieve an improved model. In the process of model training, the weights of the training samples are adjusted according to their training error and the training samples with greater error would obtain heavier weights and be focused on to be learned. The final proposed model is a weighted ensemble of the multiple kernel extreme learning machine. The experimental results of Lorenz chaotic multivariate dynamic system and the annual runoff and sunspot multivariate dynamic system demonstrate that the proposed model has better prediction performance.
Global linear convergence in operator splitting methods

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for linear convergence of operator splitting methods for a general class of convex optimization problems where the associated fixed-point operator is averaged. Most existing results establishing linear convergence in such methods require restrictive assumptions regarding strong convexity and smoothness of the constituent functions in the optimization problem. However, there are several examples in the literature showing that linear convergence is possible even when these properties do not hold. We provide a unifying analysis method for establishing linear convergence based on linear regularity and show that many existing results are special cases of our approach. Moreover, we propose a novel linearly convergent splitting method for linear programming.