Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RRAM-based PUF : Design and Applications in Cryptography

i ABSTRACT The recent flurry of security breaches have raised serious concerns about the security of data communication and storage. A promising way to enhance the security of the system is through physical root of trust, such as, through use of physical unclonable functions (PUF). PUF leverages the inherent randomness in physical systems to provide device specific authentication and encryption. In this thesis, first the design of a highly reliable resistive random access memory (RRAM) PUF is presented. Compared to existing 1 cell/bit RRAM, here the sum of the read-out currents of multiple RRAM cells are used for generating one response bit. This method statistically minimizes any early-lifetime failure due to RRAM retention degradation at high temperature or under voltage stress. Using a device model that was calibrated using IMEC HfOx RRAM experimental data, it was shown that an 8 cells/bit architecture achieves 99.9999% reliability for a lifetime >10 years at 125℃. Also, the hardware area overhead of the proposed 8 cells/bit RRAM PUF architecture was smaller than 1 cell/bit RRAM PUF that requires error correction coding to achieve the same reliability. Next, a basic security primitive is presented, where the RRAM PUF is embedded in the cryptographic module, SHA-256. This architecture is referred to as Embedded PUF or EPUF. EPUF has a security advantage over SHA-256 as it never exposes the PUF response to the outside world. Instead, in each round, the PUF response is used to change a few bits of the message word to produce a unique message digest for each IC. The use of EPUF as a key generation module for AES is also shown. The hardware area requirement for SHA-256 and AES-128 is then analyzed using synthesis results based on TSMC 65nm library. It is shown that the area overhead of 8 cells/bit RRAM PUF is only 1.08% ii of the SHA-256 module and 0.04% of the AES-128 module. The security analysis of the PUF based systems is also presented. It is shown that the EPUF-based systems are resistant towards standard attacks on PUFs, and that the security of the cryptographic modules is not compromised. iii Dedicated to my Parents iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Towards the end of a very fruitful journey as Master of Science graduate from Computer Engineering (Electrical Engineering) department at Arizona State University there are few people to whom I would like to extend my sincere gratitude. First and foremost, I would like …
Automated arabic text classification with P‐Stemmer, machine learning, and a tailored news article taxonomy

Arabic news articles in electronic collections are difficult to study. Browsing by category is rarely supported. Although helpful machine‐learning methods have been applied successfully to similar situations for English news articles, limited research has been completed to yield suitable solutions for Arabic news. In connection with a Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF)‐funded project to build digital library community and infrastructure in Qatar, we developed software for browsing a collection of about 237,000 Arabic news articles, which should be applicable to other Arabic news collections. We designed a simple taxonomy for Arabic news stories that is suitable for the needs of Qatar and other nations, is compatible with the subject codes of the International Press Telecommunications Council, and was enhanced with the aid of a librarian expert as well as five Arabic‐speaking volunteers. We developed tailored stemming (i.e., a new Arabic light stemmer called P‐Stemmer) and automatic classification methods (the best being binary Support Vector Machines classifiers) to work with the taxonomy. Using evaluation techniques commonly used in the information retrieval community, including 10‐fold cross‐validation and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, we showed that our approach to stemming and classification is superior to state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
The Comparative Evaluation of Community-based Ecotourism Management at Mangrove Forest Communities in Satun Province, Thailand

Mangroves have tangible and intangible values to provide habitats of living organism, including fish and crustacean. For environmental function, they help effective sediment trapping, nutrient recycling and protection of shorelines from erosion. Its ecosystem brought about tremendous resource for ecotourism. In case of Thailand, the concept of ecotourism was then improved in order to enhance biodiversity conservation awareness of local community. In this research we included a combination research methodology with several aims; 1) to implement a participatory survey of a diversity of mangroves tree species with local community; 2) to evaluate community potential with community-based ecotourism; 3) to compare its results of potential evaluation of community-based ecotourism management. The three community representatives who have been well- known for community-based mangrove management were selected by key informants among seven researchers, government official, and local people. The three communities composed of Tha Num Kem Tai village, Hua Thang village, and Kok Pha Yom village. The evaluation items were developed and examined potential of local community on community-based ecotourism management. The results show that the Kok Pa Yom village gets rather high score ranking: the appointing is ranked by 0.7, the planning is 0.8, the preparing is 0.64, the visiting or survey to mangrove is 0.66. For diversity of tree species, it reveals that Kok Pa Yom has the most found variety of mangrove tree species as sixteen species from thirteen families. For the Hua Thang village and Tha Num Kem Tai village, it was found that Tha Num Kem Tai has slightly higher balance than Hao Thang village. The ranking is scored in case of Tha Num Kem Tai village as follows; the appointing is 0.45, the planning is 0.56, the preparing is 0.5, the visiting or surveying is 0.55, and the diversity of mangrove tree species is 0.6 where in case of Hua Thang village has also occurred similarly with the ranking of 0.55.
Research Topics in Witkey Business Model: In Perspectives of Transaction Cost, Principle-Agent and Information Supply Chain

Witkey Business Model (WBM) has been known by more and more people, but there is less scientific research in this field. To comprehend this new business model, scholars and entrepreneurs need more scientific research about it. This paper present two main questions related with WBM has been brought forward in this paper: the first one is to find the reasons for which the task-posters solve their problems on Witkey business model, and the second one is to find risks in WBM based on transaction cost theory and principle-agent theory. The relationship between information supply chain (ISC) and WBM is discussed briefly in section four.
Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow-up of healthy middle-aged males

Lung function has been associated with mortality after adjusting for other risk factors; however, few studies have adjusted for physical fitness and reported separate analyses according to smoking status. In 1972–1975, spirometry, clinical and physiological parameters were recorded in 1,623 apparently healthy males aged 40–59 yrs. After 26 yrs of follow-up, the current authors investigated the association between baseline lung function and mortality, adjusting for smoking, physical fitness and other potential factors. By 2000, 615 individuals (38%) had died, with 308 (50%) of these deaths from cardiovascular (CV) causes. Forced expiratory volume in one second was a predictor of all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 1.10 per reduction of 10%) after adjusting for smoking, physical fitness, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and serum cholesterol. The corresponding multivariate RR was 1.07 for CV causes and 1.34 for respiratory death. In conclusion, in stratified analyses among current and former smokers, forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality and respiratory death among current smokers. Forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted was not associated with mortality among never-smokers.
QoS Guarantee for VOIP over Wireless LANs

Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is one of the most notable applications of internet. Some other well known terms used for VOIP in literature include IP telephony or Internet telephony. It can be a better replacement for the traditional telephone systems because of its high resource utilization as well as low cost. Beside this, wireless LAN Network (WLAN) has emerged as a robust networking technology. Hence, the combination of these two popular technologies is growing so fast all over the world. Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) will be an infrastructure to provide low-cost wireless voice services. However, similar to other wireless applications, VoWLAN has also faced numerous challenges that need to be considered. Quality of Service (QoS) is one of the essential challenges in all kind of wireless applications. In this study, we have critically reviewed the most important QoS requirement; the challenges imposed by these applications as well as some of the QoS enhancement methods.
Digital Scanning Sonar for Fish Feeding Monitoring in Aquaculture

Feed waste results in increased production costs to the cage fish farming industry and produces negative environmental impacts. A computerized system, consisting of digital scanning sonar and current meter, was developed for monitoring, assessment, and optimization of the fish feeding process. The system can detect and monitor quantity and direction of wasted food pellets and also predict the trajectory of pellets through the water column. Pellets detected and tracked by digital sonar provide feedback information to the feeding operator and provide guidance on how to redirect or modify the feeding process in order to minimize feed waste. Digital scanning sonar is user friendly and cost effective. It can be integrated as a major component of automated or semi-automated feeding systems on aquaculture farms. The system performed well and successfully enumerated individual pellets under the aquaculture cages. Presence of high concentrations of non-farmed fish outside of the cages resulted in the degradation of the ability to successfully detect and count waste pellets. Refinement of techniques and detection and filtering algorithms is necessary consistently detect waste pellets in the presence of unwanted fish echoes.
Modeling deformable human hands from medical images

This paper presents a new method for constructing an example-based deformable human hand model from medical images. Realistic animation of human hands requires good estimates of the joint structure and properly weighted skeleton-driven surface deformation. For this purpose, we propose a method based on medical images of hands in several poses. Our method consists of the following 3 steps: First, using the measured bone shapes, we estimate the link structure (joint rotation centers) and the joint angles of each scan. Second, we construct a mutually consistent polygonal mesh of all the scans. For this purpose, a polygonal mesh of one pose, the base mesh, is deformed using skeletal subspace deformation, and then fitted interactively to the measured meshes from the other scans. Finally, the hand is deformed using a weighted pose space deformation. We demonstrate results of deformable hand models consisting of 100,000 triangle meshes derived from CT scans.
Optimized Fuzzy Variable Structure for a Three-Phase Rectifier with power factor correction

This paper presents optimized fuzzy variable structure control design in a three phase rectifier to correct the power factor. This control strategy combines fuzzy and sliding mode control algorithms. Few fuzzy rules are used for this scheme. The parameters of the fuzzy controller are adjusted by using the VSC for a better response and robustness. To improve the behavior of the system is applied a gradient optimized method to find better matrix rule values. The simulations of the three-phase rectifier with controlled current are carried out on a DSP. The control scheme presented here offer higher robustness and it is easier to adjust and implement.
Effect of posture on the cardiorespiratory system using canonical correlation analysis

This research investigates the influence of body posture on cardiorespiratory regulation using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded on 6 subjects in supine, sitting and standing position during 8 periods of 120 s. For each period, the tachogram, the systogram, the diastogram and an ECG-derived respiratory (EDR) signal were computed. CCA was applied to investigate the influence of the systogram, diastogram and respiration on the tachogram. The results show that a large amount of the variance in the tachogram can be explained by the influence of the sys-togram, diastogram and respiration (EDR) in standing position with respect to the other postures. It also shows an increased linear relationship between systolic BP and HR in standing position than in other postures. This relationship was in all cases positive, indicating that an increase in systolic BP results in a lower HR. Stronger linear RSA effects are present in sitting against supine position.
SoccerBot : Software architecture of a camera-vision equipped robot featuring real-time object recognition

SoccerBotis a semi-autonomous robot based on a Lego R © Mindstorms (RCX) chassis and a web camera as the main sensory system for navigation. Motivated by soccer-playing robots we construct a robot able to recognize and catch a ball distinguishable from the environment by its color and shape. For computation intensive real-time image processing and object recognition, an external computer (notebook/PC) is used, which then transmits its navigation commands via an IR link to the RCX. Control software on notebook/PC is written in Java using Giotto for exact specification of timing behavior. After an architectural overview, we visualize the PC-RCX communication layer and introduce used embedded controller software on RCX. Subsequently, we present the used algorithms for object recognition, i.e. a Split-and-Merge algorithm using a homogenity criteria comparing colors in HSV color space for image segmentation and a best-fit search using CIE lab colors including a shape-test and color-test for object classification. A controller implemented as a finite state automaton for navigation is illustrated and finally, we give an outlook on future developments.
Disentangling Morphology, Star Formation, Stellar Mass, and Environment in Galaxy Evolution

We present a study of the spectroscopic and photometric properties of galaxies in six nearby clusters. We perform a partial correlation analysis on our data set to investigate whether the correlation between star formation rates in galaxies and their environment is merely another aspect of correlations of morphology, stellar mass, or mean stellar age with environment, or whether star formation rates vary independently of these other correlations. We find a residual correlation of ongoing star formation with environment, indicating that even galaxies with similar morphologies, stellar masses, and mean stellar ages have lower star formation rates in denser environments. Thus, the current star formation gradient in clusters is not just another aspect of the morphology-density, stellar mass-density, or mean stellar age-density relations. Furthermore, the star formation gradient cannot be solely the result of initial conditions, but must partly be due to subsequent evolution through a mechanism (or mechanisms) sensitive to environment. Our results constitute a true "smoking gun" pointing to the effect of environment on the later evolution of galaxies.
Digital Image Correlation and Fracture : An Advanced Technique for Estimating Stress Intensity Factors of 2 D and 3 D Cracks

Digital image correlation is a measurement technique that allows one to retrieve displacement fields “separating” two digital images of the same sample at different stages of loading. Because of its remarkable sensitivity, it is not only possible to detect cracks with sub-pixel opening, which would not be visible, but also to provide accurate estimates of stress intensity factors. For this purpose suitable tools have been devised to minimize the sensitivity to noise. Working with digital images allows the experimentalist to deal with a wide range of scales from atomistic to geophysical one with the same tools. Various examples are shown at different scales, as well as some recent extensions to three dimensional cracks based on X-ray Computed micro-tomographic images. PACS numbers: 46.50. +a Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks; 46.80. +j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids; 07.05. Pj Image processing. To appear in J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. Special issue: “Fracture: from the atomic to the geophysical scale” Digital Image Correlation and Fracture 2
Some investigations on the axial spin of a magnet and on the laws of electromagnetic induction

The object of these experiments is to extend certain investigations by Faraday which have been the subject of much controversy. They concern the relations between a cylindrical magnet spinning about its axis and the currents and forces set up thereby in a neighbouring conducting circuit, of which the magnet may or may not form a part. The similarity between cylindrical magnets and solenoids is examined, as well as the effect produced by one spinning magnet upon another. The bearing of these experiments upon the laws of electromagnetic induction is explained, and certain special experiments on this subject are included. The conclusions reached are given in Section (15); and in an Appendix some practical applications are described.
Size-resolved and bulk activation properties of aerosols in the North China plain: the importance of aerosol size distribution in the prediction of CCN number concentration

Size-resolved and bulk activation properties of aerosols were measured at a regional/suburban site in the North China Plain (NCP), which is occasionally heavily polluted by anthropogenic aerosol particles and gases. A Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) closure study is conducted with bulk CCN number concentration ( NCCN) and calculated CCN number concentration based on the aerosol number size distribution and size-resolved activation properties. The observed CCN number concentration ( NCCN-obs) are higher than those observed in other locations than China, with averageNCCN-obs of roughly 2000, 3000, 6000, 10 000 and 13 000 cm−3 at supersaturations of 0.056, 0.083, 0.17, 0.35 and 0.70%, respectively. An inferred critical dry diameter (Dm) is calculated based on the NCCN-obs and aerosol number size distribution assuming homogeneous chemical composition. The inferred cut-off diameters are in the ranges of 190–280, 160–260, 95–180, 65–120 and 50–100 nm at supersaturations of 0.056, 0.083, 0.17, 0.35 and 0.7%, with their mean values 230.1, 198.4, 128.4, 86.4 and 69.2 nm, respectively. Size-resolved activation measurements show that most of the 300 nm particles are activated at the investigated supersaturations, while almost no particles of 30 nm are activated even at the highest supersaturation of 0.72%. The activation ratio increases with increasing supersaturation and particle Correspondence to: C. S. Zhao (zcs@pku.edu.cn) size. The slopes of the activation curves for ambient aerosols are not as steep as those observed in calibrations with ammonium sulfate suggesting that the observed aerosols is an external mixture of more hygroscopic and hydrophobic particles. The calculated CCN number concentrations ( NCCN-calc) based on the size-resolved activation ratio and aerosol number size distribution correlate well with the NCCN-obs, and show an average overestimation of 19%. Sensitivity studies of the CCN closure show that the NCCN at each supersaturation is well predicted with the campaign average of sizeresolved activation curves. These results indicate that the aerosol number size distribution is critical in the prediction of possible CCN. The CCN number concentration can be reliably estimated using time-averaged, size-resolved activation efficiencies without accounting for the temporal variations.
Digital Literacy in Early Elementary School: Barriers and Support Systems in the Era of the Common Core.

DIGITAL LITERACY IN EARLY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: BARRIERS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN THE ERA OF THE COMMON CORE by Delnaz Hosseini This study examines teachers’ perceptions about digital literacy instruction in early elementary school grades (e.g., Kindergarten through grade 2) so as to identify existing obstacles to digital literacy instruction as well as support systems necessary to enhance instruction. Participants (n = 37) included Kindergarten, first, and second grade teachers from both Title I and non-Title I schools. Data was collected through an online survey with primarily closed-ended questions. Correlations and relationships amongst and across survey questions were analyzed. Analysis revealed that early elementary grade students in this school district are provided with more opportunities to practice computer literacy than information literacy skills. Teachers identified the high student to teacher ratio, lack of time to plan and teach technology lessons, and students’ limited selfmanagement and independence skills as major impediments to digital literacy instruction in the early elementary grades. Conversely, they indicated that access to district-level technology coaches and on-site technology support, opportunities to observe demo technology lessons, and their own knowledge of grade-level technology standards enhance their ability to teach digital literacy skills. Findings also show that teachers’ grade-level assignment and the school’s Title I status influence teachers’ views about when and whether to introduce various digital literacy skills with clear implications for practice and future research.
COMPARISON OF GLOBAL AND LOCAL APPROACH TO PHASE UNWRAPPING FOR RUGGED TERRAIN

RESUME Phase unwrapping is the most informal step of the interferometric SAR processing for calculation of digital elevation model. Present algorithms use two ways for resolving this problem: local and global approach. In this paper we analyze efficacy of three phase unwrapping methods (and their modifications) using standard ERS SAR scene for the Baikal Lake region (the Barguzin valley with mountainous surrounding). We estimate advantages and disadvantages of both approaches .
Economic Factors Influencing The Probability of Adjustment in Nepal's Exchange Rate Policy with The Indian Currency (A Binominal Probit Analysis for the Period of 1976-7998)

A binomial probit analysis, using the monetary model of exchange rate determination, is applied to understand economic influences on the probability for adjustment in Nepal’s exchange rate policy with the Indian Currency during the period of 1976 - 1998. Empirical results suggest that both relative Nepalese to Indian money and output growth does not have significant effects on probability of exchange rate change but that the relative interest rate growth does. Additionally, the movement of relative interest rate growth variable of Nepal and India is seen to signal changes in real, versus nominal as put forward in the monetary model, rates of return whose divergence increases the probability of appreciation of the Nepalese Currency vis-a-vis the Indian Currency.
Integrating the OCC model of emotions in embodied characters

The OCC (Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1988) model has established itself as the standard model for emotion synthesis. A large number of studies employed the OCC model to generate emotions for their embodied characters. Many developers of such characters believe that the OCC model will be all they ever need to equip their character with emotions. This paper points out what the OCC model is able to do for an embodied emotional character and what it does not. Missing features include a history function, a personality designer and the interaction of the emotional categories.