Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process variation study of Ground Plane SOI MOSFET

In this paper, the variations of the main characteristics in three SOI device structures due to channel length and thin-film thickness variations are investigated. The structures are studied in a 32nm technology and include SOI-GPS (Ground-Plane in Substrate), SOI-GPB (Ground-Plane in BOX), and SOI-WGP (Without Ground Plane). For this study, we assume normal distributions for the channel length and thin-film thickness of the transistors and then obtain the distributions for the threshold voltage, leakage, DIBL coefficient, and subthreshold swing. The results show that the GPS structure is more resistant against the variations when compared to the other two structures.
Lymphomas of salivary glands

Primary lymphomas arising in salivary glands are very uncommon. The histologic classification of 40 cases of lymphomas in salivary gland tissue submitted to the British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel is reported, and, for 30 of the patients for whom adequate information was available, the clinical presentation, management, and outcome have been analyzed. Lymphomas in salivary glands represented 1.7% of all reported salivary neoplasms. The majority developed in the parotid glands of patients aged between 50 and 70 years. Only four cases gave a premorbid history compatible with sicca syndrome. In this series, non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas predominated; 23 were Grade I, and 13 were Grade II. Treatment regimens were not uniform, but are outlined. Survival ranged from 5 to 111 months. Median survival for the group was 49 months. Prognosis was not influenced by the clinical stage of disease at presentation. Four cases of lymphoma arising in benign lymphoepithelical lesions are included. None had clinical symptoms of sicca complex. Prognosis for this group was found to be as favorable as the others. Cancer 58:699‐704, 1986.
Symmetrical Palladium (II) N,N,O,O-Schiff Base Complex: Efficient Catalyst for Heck and Suzuki Reactions

Palladium is arguably the most versatile and most widely applied catalytic metal in the field of fine chemicals due to its high selectivity and activity. Palladium catalyst offers an abundance of possibilities of carbon-carbon bond formation in organic synthesis. In this research, three different Schiff base ligands have been prepared by condensation reaction between appropriate aldehyde or ketone with amine namely 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in the molar ratio of 2:1. The corresponding palladium (II) Schiff base complexes were prepared through the reaction between the Schiff base ligand with palladium (II) acetate in a molar ratio 1:1. FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data revealed that the ligands are N,N,O,O-tetradentate coordinated to the Pd atom through both the azomethine N atoms and phenolic O atoms. From X-ray Crystallographic analysis, it showed that the complex exists as square planar geometry. The synthesized palladium (II) Schiff base complexes were then subjected in catalytic Heck and Suzuki reaction of iodobenzene.
Natural seasonality of water temperature is linked with the dynamics of diseases in coral reef ecosystems ( Bruckner

Bleaching events and disease epizootics have increased during the past decades, suggesting a positive link between these 2 causes in producing coral mortality. However, studies to test this hypothesis, integrating a broad range of hierarchical spatial scales from habitats to distant localities, have not been conducted in the Caribbean. In this study, we examined links between bleaching intensity and disease prevalence collected from 6 countries, 2 reef sites for each country, and 3 habitats within each reef site (N = 6 × 2 × 3 = 36 site–habitat combinations) during the peak of bleaching in 2005 and a year after, in 2006. Patterns of disease prevalence and bleaching were significantly correlated (Rho = 0.58, p = 0.04). Higher variability in disease prevalence after bleaching occurred among habitats at each particular reef site, with a significant increase in prevalence recorded in 4 of the 10 site–habitats where bleaching was intense and a non-significant increase in disease prevalence in 18 out of the 26 site–habitats where bleaching was low to moderate. A significant linear correlation was found (r = 0.89, p = 0.008) between bleaching and the prevalence of 2 virulent diseases (yellow band disease and white plague) affecting the Montastraea species complex. Results of this study suggest that if bleaching events become more intense and frequent, disease-related mortality of Caribbean coral reef builders could increase, with uncertain effects on coral reef resilience.
Assessing students' metacognitive skills.

OBJECTIVE To develop a diagnostic test for assessing cognitive skills related to metacognition in a physiology course. METHODS Cognitive skills believed to be related to metacognition (visualizing lecture information and interpreting diagrams) were identified in a first-professional year (P1) physiology course and test items were constructed for each. Analyses included overall reliability, item discrimination, and variance comparisons of 4 groups to assess the effect of prior physiology coursework and diagnostic test score level on the first examination in physiology. RESULTS Overall reliability was 0.83 (N = 78). Eighty percent of the test items discriminated positively. The average diagnostic test scores of students with or without a prior physiology course did not differ significantly. Students who scored above the class mean on the diagnostic test and who had taken a prior physiology course also had the highest average scores on the physiology examination. CONCLUSION The diagnostic test provided a measure of a limited number of skills related to metacognition, and preliminary data suggest that such skills are especially important in retaining information.
DClusterm: Model-Based Detection of Disease Clusters

The detection of regions with unusually high risk plays an important role in disease mapping and the analysis of public health data. In particular, the detection of groups of areas (i.e., clusters) where the risk is significantly high is often conducted by public health authorities. Many methods have been proposed for the detection of these disease clusters, most of them based on moving windows, such as Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic. Here we describe a model-based approach for the detection of disease clusters implemented in the DClusterm package. Our model-based approach is based on representing a large number of possible clusters by dummy variables and then fitting many generalized linear models to the data where these covariates are included one at a time. Cluster detection is done by performing a variable or model selection among all fitted models using different criteria. Because of our model-based approach, cluster detection can be performed using different types of likelihoods and latent effects. We cover the detection of spatial and spatiotemporal clusters, as well as how to account for covariates, zero-inflated datasets and overdispersion in the data.
Pre-pregnancy drinking: how drink size affects risk assessment.

AIMS We considered the role of drink size in determining average daily consumption among groups at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. DESIGN In-person hour-long interviews gathered cross-sectional retrospective data about drinking before an index pregnancy. SETTING Subjects were recruited at public clinics in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay area. To reach those not necessarily seeking prenatal care, community outreach in the same urban areas was undertaken. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and twenty-one pregnant women were interviewed: 102 Native Americans, 185 African Americans, and 34 Caucasians. MEASUREMENTS Volume of drinking prior to pregnancy was assessed using the graduated frequency series, which asks respondents to specify their drinking in terms of standard drinks. Using vessel models and photographs, respondent-defined drink sizes were then determined, and volume was recalculated accordingly. FINDINGS For most beverages, the difference in milliliters between self-selected drink size and a standard size drink was significant, with the mean self-selected drink sizes ranging from 49% above the standard size (for beer) to 307% above the standard size (for spirits). For women whose pre-pregnancy average daily volume (ADV) was at the risk level of > or = 1 standard drink per day, ADV increased from four to almost 10 standard drinks per day when self-defined drink sizes were instead considered. Similarly, for women having three or more standard drinks a day, their daily dose of ethanol increased from 57 g to 153 g of ethanol per day. CONCLUSIONS If risk levels have been based on underestimates that assume women with alcohol-affected infants had standard drink sizes, then true risk levels may be higher than previously thought. Related, risk drinkers presenting at prenatal clinics may be missed if screening protocols do not ask about drink size.
Serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase 1 α levels are paralleling olfactory memory formation in the CD1 mouse

Although olfactory discrimination has already been studied in several mouse strains, data on protein levels linked to olfactory memory are limited. Wild mouse strains Mus musculus musculus, Mus musculus domesticus and CD1 laboratory outbred mice were tested in a conditioned odor preference task and trained to discriminate between two odors, Rose and Lemon, by pairing one odor with a sugar reward. Six hours following the final test, mice were sacrificed and olfactory bulbs (OB) were taken for gel‐based proteomics analyses and immunoblotting. OB proteins were extracted, separated by 2‐DE and quantified using specific software (Proteomweaver). Odor‐trained mice showed a preference for the previously rewarded odor suggesting that conditioned odor preference occurred. In CD1 mice levels, one out of 482 protein spots was significantly increased in odor‐trained mice as compared with the control group; it was in‐gel digested by trypsin and chymotrypsin and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐LC‐MS/MS). The spot was unambiguously identified as serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase PP1‐α catalytic subunit (PP‐1A) and differential levels observed in gel‐based proteomic studies were verified by immunoblotting. PP‐1A is a key signalling element in synaptic plasticity and memory processes and is herein shown to be paralleling olfactory discrimination representing olfactory memory.
Random mutagenesis and selection of organic solvent‐stable haloperoxidase from Streptomyces aureofaciens

Haloperoxidases are useful oxygenases involved in halogenation of a range of water‐insoluble organic compounds and can be used without additional high‐cost cofactors. In particular, organic solvent‐stable haloperoxidases are desirable for enzymatic halogenations in the presence of organic solvents. In this study, we adopted a directed evolution approach by error‐prone polymerase chain reaction to improve the organic solvent‐stability of the homodimeric BPO‐A1 haloperoxidase from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Among 1,000 mutant BPO‐A1 haloperoxidases, an organic solvent‐stable mutant OST48 with P123L and P241A mutations and a high active mutant OST959 with H53Y and G162R mutations were selected. The residual activity of mutant OST48 after incubation in 40% (v/v) 1‐propanol for 1 h was 1.8‐fold higher than that of wild‐type BPO‐A1. In addition, the OST48 mutant showed higher stability in methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N‐dimethylformamide than wild‐type BPO‐A1 haloperoxidase. Moreover, after incubation at 80°C for 1 h, the residual activity of mutant OST959 was 4.6‐fold higher than that of wild‐type BPO‐A1. Based on the evaluation of single amino acid‐substituted mutant models, stabilization of the hydrophobic core derived from P123L mutation and increased numbers of hydrogen bonds derived from G162R mutation led to higher organic solvent‐stability and thermostability, respectively. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:917–924, 2015
Robustness of complex feedback systems: application to oncological biochemical networks

Biochemical transduction networks can be modelled through a proper set of differential equations, and at the same time they can be experimentally analysed only by measuring a few signals at the end of the cascades. The study of those networks is of special importance in oncology. The approach proposed in this paper is aimed at characterising the network robustness with respect to both parameters and initial condition perturbations. The key idea is to introduce a robustness index, the proliferation index, and to study its behaviour over the parameter space. The index relates the measurable signals, and the shape of their time behaviour, to the model parameters and initial conditions. In addition, the paper will also provide specific results for a dynamic model of the EGFR–IGFR receptor pathway, which turns out to be relevant to the study of some specific pathologies, such as lung cancer. The connection between the proposed robustness index and the pathology will also be addressed.
Recognition of isolated handwritten Persian/Arabic characters and numerals using support vector machines

We propose a system for recognition of isolated handwritten Persian/Arabic characters and numerals. Wavelet transform has been used for feature extraction in this system using Haar wavelet. The support vector machine (SVM), which is a new learning machine with very good generalization ability, and has been used widely in pattern recognition and regression estimation, uses as classifier in this system. The training and test patterns were gathered from various people with different ages and different educational backgrounds. The 32 characters in Persian language were categorized into 8 different classes in which characters of each class are very similar to each other. There are ten digits in Persian/Arabic languages where two of them are not used in zip codes in Iran. So, we have 8 different extra classes for digits. This system was used for recognizing the isolated handwritten postal addresses, which contain the name of cities and their zip codes. Our database contains 579 postal addresses in Iran. The system yields the recognition rate of 98.96% for these postal addresses. The results show an increment in recognition rates in comparison with our previous work in which we used the MLP neural network as classifier.
A Lysosomal Proteinase, the Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Gene (CLN2) Product, Is Essential for Degradation of a Hydrophobic Protein, the Subunit c of ATP Synthase

Abstract: The specific accumulation of the hydrophobic protein, subunit c of ATP synthase, in lysosomes from the cells of patients with the late infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is caused by lysosomal proteolytic dysfunction. The defective gene in LINCL (CLN2 gene) has been identified recently. To elucidate the mechanism of lysosomal storage of subunit c, antibodies against the human CLN2 gene product (Cln2p) were prepared. Immunoblot analysis indicated that Cln2p is a 46‐kDa protein in normal control skin fibroblasts and carrier heterozygote cells, whereas it was absent in cells from four patients with LINCL. RT‐PCR analysis indicated the presence of mRNA for CLN2 in cells from the four different patients tested, suggesting a low efficiency of translation of mRNA or the production of the unstable translation products in these patient cells. Pulse‐chase analysis showed that Cln2p was synthesized as a 67‐kDa precursor and processed to a 46‐kDa mature protein (t1/2 = 1 h). Subcellular fractionation analysis indicated that Cln2p is localized with cathepsin B in the high‐density lysosomal fractions. Confocal immunomicroscopic analysis also revealed that Cln2p is colocalized with a lysosomal soluble marker, cathepsin D. The immunodepletion of Cln2p from normal fibroblast extracts caused a loss in the degradative capacity of subunit c, but not the β subunit of ATP synthase, suggesting that the absence of Cln2p provokes the lysosomal accumulation of subunit c.
Clinical Pattern of Celiac Disease Is Still Changing

The clinical presentation of celiac disease in children changed in the last decades of the 20th century. To ascertain whether changes are still in progress, we analyzed symptoms at presentation and age at diagnosis in 307 children receiving diagnoses of celiac disease for the past 20 years. The prevalence of typical forms of celiac disease decreased in the past decade, particularly in the past 5 years (from 76% in 1987–1990 to 44%, P < 0.0001). Age at diagnosis (5.9 y, P = 0.01) and silent forms (10.6%, P = 0.003) have significantly increased in the past 5 years. Histological examination showed decreased subtotal and increased partial villous atrophy prevalence (P = 0.02).
The Maximal Expected Covering Location Problem: Revisited

The Maximal Expected Coverage Location Problem (MEXCLP) addresses the problem of optimally locating servers so as to maximize the expected coverage of demand while taking into account the possibility of servers being unavailable when a call enters the service system. In this paper, an attempt is made to relax three of MEXCLP's assumptions: servers operate independently, servers have the same busy probabilities, and server busy probabilities are invariant with respect to their locations. We embed the hypercube queueing model in a single node substitution heuristic optimization procedure, to determine a set of server locations which “maximize” the expected coverage. Our empirical findings indicate that there is disagreement between the expected coverage predicted by the MEXCLP model and the hypercube optimization procedure. There is substantial agreement, however, between the locations generated by the two procedures. We also consider a simple “adjustment” to the MEXCLP model, based upon random sampling of servers without replacement; the same adjustment has been used previously to derive a hypercube approximation procedure. We discuss modifications and enhancements to the MEXCLP's heuristic solution procedure for this adjusted model. Our empirical findings indicate that there is better agreement between the expected coverage predicted by the adjusted model and the hypercube optimization procedure. The locations generated by the adjusted model, however, are of the same overall quality as those generated by the MEXCLP model. Readers should view the results of this paper in light of the fact that we are able to relax the MEXCLP by assuming that the operating characteristics of the service system fit the description of the hypercube queueing model, such as Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, which may not be strictly true in practice.
Theory and Practice of Psychiatry

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY. By William S. Sadler. C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, 1936. Pp. xxii + 1231. $10. This is the largest text-book of psychiatry in English. It covers the entire field of psychiatry, with special emphasis upon the diagnosis and treatment of the less severe personality disturbances (neuroses) which may be handled in the office of the private practitioner. The book is of interest chiefly as an exposition of the author's own point of view. Not everyone would agree with his theoretical conceptions nor with the therapeutic methods which he advocates. It seems unlikely that many psychiatrists will recommend this work as a text-book for students or practitioners. PAUL WILLIAM PREU.
Talc Pleurodesis Mimics Pleural Metastases: Differentiation With Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Talc pleurodesis is a technique used in the treatment of patients with persistent pleural effusions or pneumothorax not amenable to other treatment. These are commonly seen in patients with malignant thoracic neoplasms. Radiographic abnormalities resulting from prior talc pleurodesis could be confused with progression of the underlying neoplastic process. Positron emission tomography with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) might be unable to distinguish between malignant and benign inflammatory processes. This report demonstrates the use of combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a patient with a history of both malignant neoplasm and a prior talc pleurodesis. Fusion of PET and CT studies could add information that CT and PET alone cannot. This could alter the diagnostic and therapeutic course for patients with a history of both thoracic neoplasm and talc pleurodesis.
Statistical Significance of the Maximum Hardness Principle Applied to Some Selected Chemical Reactions

The validity of the maximum hardness principle (MHP) is tested in the cases of 50 chemical reactions, most of which are organic in nature and exhibit anomeric effect. To explore the effect of the level of theory on the validity of MHP in an exothermic reaction, B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,3pd) and LC-BLYP/6-311++G(2df,3pd) (def2-QZVP for iodine and mercury) levels are employed. Different approximations like the geometric mean of hardness and combined hardness are considered in case there are multiple reactants and/or products. It is observed that, based on the geometric mean of hardness, while 82% of the studied reactions obey the MHP at the B3LYP level, 84% of the reactions follow this rule at the LC-BLYP level. Most of the reactions possess the hardest species on the product side. A 50% null hypothesis is rejected at a 1% level of significance.
Caught in the Web of Words: James Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary

This unique and celebrated biography describes how a largely self-educated boy from a small village in Scotland entered the world of scholarship and became the first editor of the Oxford English Dictionary and a great lexicographer. It also provides an absorbing account of how the dictionary was written, the personalities of the people working on it, and the endless difficulties that nearly led to the whole enterprise being abandoned. "It is a magnificent story of a magnificent man, one of the finest biographies of the twentieth century, as its subject was one of the finest human beings of the nineteenth. "-Anthony Burgess "A moving and dramatic story . sometimes tragic, often comic, ultimately triumphant. "-Times (London) "A biography that possesses many of the virtues of James Murray himself-grace, humor, intelligence, curiosity, and scholarship. "-Time "In her vivid biography, Murray's granddaughter brings his remarkable personality to life, and provides an unexpectedly fascinating account of the OED's long and difficult birth. "-Times Literary Supplement "A gripping, engaging story; endearing, too. The daily round of a big Victorian family, with its jokes, games, and treasured seaside holidays, is entrancingly evoked. "-Sunday Times (London)
Sex differences in variability in personality: a study in four samples.

OBJECTIVE Men vary more than women in cognitive abilities and physical attributes, and we expected that men would vary more in personality too. That this has not been found previously may reflect that (a) personality was measured by self-reports that confound target sex with informant sex, and (b) men actually vary more but accentuate personality differences less than women. METHOD We analyzed informant reports and self-reports on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R or NEO PI-3) collected for two community and two student samples from four countries: Czech Republic (N = 714; age M = 36.1, SD = 14.1; 58% women), Estonia (N = 1,685; age M = 42.6, SD = 13.4; 58% women), Belgium (N = 345; age M = 18.4, SD = 3.0; 78% women), and Germany (N = 302; age M = 23.4, SD = 2.7; 56% women). RESULTS Higher male than female variability was found in each sample for informant reports of Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Men but not women were overrepresented in both tails of the distributions of several personality traits. CONCLUSIONS According to liability-threshold models of mental disorders, this may contribute to men's overrepresentation in some kinds of deviant groups.