Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Featherweight concurrency in a portable assembly language

What abstractions should a reusable code generator provide to make it easy for a language implementor to compile a highly concurrent language? The implementation of concurrency is typically tightly interwoven with the code generator and run-time system of the high-level language. Our contribution is to tease out the tricky low-level concurrency mechanisms and to package them in an elegant way, so they can be reused by many front ends.
The Protean Enemy

HAVING SUFFERED the destruction of its sanctuary in Afghanistan two years ago, al Qaeda's already decentralized organization has become more decentralized still. The group's leaders have largely dispersed to Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and elsewhere around the world (only a few still remain in Afghanistan's lawless border regions). And with many of the planet's intelligence agencies now focusing on destroying its network, al Qaeda's ability to carry out large-scale attacks has been degraded. Yet despite these setbacks, al Qaeda and its affiliates remain among the most significant threats to U.S. national security today. In fact, according to George Tenet, the CIA's director, theywili continue to be this dangerous for the next two to five years. An alleged al Qaeda spokes person has warned that the group is planning another strike similar to those of September n. On May 12, simultaneous bombings of three housing complexes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killed at least 29 people and injured over 200, many of them Westerners. Intelligence officials in the United States, Europe, and Africa report that al Qaeda has stepped up its recruitment drive in response to the war in Iraq. And the target audience for its recruitment has also changed. They are now younger, with an even more "menacing attitude," as France's top investigative judge on terrorism-related cases, Jean-Louis Bruguiere, describes them. More of them are converts to Islam. And more of them are women. What accounts for al Qaeda's ongoing effectiveness in the face of an unprecedented onslaught? The answer lies in the organization's
Predicting Movie Trailer Viewer's “Like/Dislike” via Learned Shot Editing Patterns

Nowadays, there are many movie trailers publicly available on social media website such as YouTube, and many thousands of users have independently indicated whether they like or dislike those trailers. Although it is understandable that there are multiple factors that could influence viewers' like or dislike of the trailer, we aim to address a preference question in this work: Can subjective multimedia features be developed to predict the viewer's preference presented by like (by thumbs-up) or dislike (by thumbs-down) during and after watching movie trailers? We designed and implemented a computational framework that is composed of low-level multimedia feature extraction, feature screening and selection, and classification, and applied it to a collection of 725 movie trailers. Experimental results demonstrated that, among dozens of multimedia features, the single low-level multimedia feature of shot length variance is highly predictive of a viewer's “like/dislike” for a large portion of movie trailers. We interpret these findings such that variable shot lengths in a trailer tend to produce a rhythm that is likely to stimulate a viewer's positive preference. This conclusion was also proved by the repeatability experiments results using another 600 trailer videos and it was further interpreted by viewers'eye-tracking data.
Boston Naming Test Short Forms: A Comparison of Previous Forms with New Item Response Theory Based Forms

ABSTRACT Two new short forms of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) were developed using item response theory (IRT) with data from 206 elderly outpatients. We evaluated the diagnostic ability of 12 short forms among the full sample and in a sub-sample of 69 patients diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) either alone or in combination with vascular dementia (VD). The full BNT (reliability alpha=.90) identified 44% of the AD/VD patients as abnormal on naming. Our 30 item short form (alpha=.90) also identified 44% of the AD/VD patients as abnormal, with 93% agreement with the full BNT on abnormal AD/VD patient classifications. Our 15 item short form (alpha=.84) identified 48% of the AD/VD patients as abnormal, with 90% agreement with the full BNT's abnormal classifications. An adaptive 30/15 item version equaled the performance of the full 30 item test while requiring only 15 items for 75% of the patients with normal naming ability. This study illustrates the utility of IRT for developing neuropsychological assessment tools.
Selection and Peer-review under Responsibility of Sciencedirect 4 Th Workshop on Metallization for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells the Multi-busbar Design: an Overview Selection and Peer-review under Responsibility Of

The demand for highly efficient photovoltaic modules at low costs leads to new solar cell designs. For enhanced module efficiency the cell efficiency has to be optimized regarding later operation under module conditions. This implies that the interconnected solar cell structure has to be assessed. Commonly the solar cell itself is optimized separately. In this work an easy to implement cell design was investigated where the number of busbars was varied to decrease the total series resistance of the interconnected solar cell. For this study a simulation program based on the two-diode model was applied to determine the optimal efficiency of the device. Furthermore, the simulations revealed that a device with multiple busbars has a high potential in cost savings due to a reduction in metal consumption for the front side metallization. For an optimized cell structure the amount of Ag paste needed for a sufficient front side metallization could be reduced to 7 mg Ag paste for a 6 inch solar cell. In the same time the efficiency can be increased. A detailed simulation of a screen printed and stringed rear side of a multi-busbar solar cell revealed the amount of rear side pads necessary for a sufficient interconnection leading to low series resistances.
Evolvable Semantic Platform for Facilitating Knowledge Exchange

The authors propose new formal foundations and design approach to develop an evolving semantic platform for finding experts relevant to events arising in the open environment of modern economical clusters. This work offers a new implementation of probabilistic latent topic modeling method with two linked indicators (categories and experts) to mach expertise. In order to show feasibility of the solution a distributed and service-oriented software prototype of the web-based semantic platform was developed. Solution provides results with high precision scores and evolves in accordance with changes over time. Fusing together ontology-aided expertise matching and service-oriented software design suitable for developing evolvable semantic applications our approach facilitates effective and efficient knowledge exchange. That prototype called EXPERTIZE was evaluated for a particular case of experts finding in the university clusters.
Memory Compression Coordinated and Optimized Prefetching in GPU Architectures

Traditionally, GPU architectures have been primarily focused on throughput and latency hiding. However, as the computational power of GPUs continues to scale with Moore’s law, an increasing number of applications are becoming limited by memory bandwidth [1]. Also, data locality and reuse are becoming increasingly important with power-limited technology scaling. The energy spent on off-chip memory transfers are orders of magnitude greater than the energy spent on on-chip accesses and actual computation [2]. Main memory compression in CPU/GPUs using techniques like Linearly Compressed Pages [3] could provide reduced memory bandwidth as well as increased memory capacity and energy reduction. GPUs could potentially benefit more from main memory compression as the data is usually more regular and the DRAM structure is more flexible. GPU architectures typically tolerate long memory access latencies by concurrently executing many threads which are grouped into batches known as warps. When one warp is stalled by a long latency memory access, another warp is swapped in thereby overlapping the latencies of multiple accesses. However, if all the warps are simultaneously stalled on a long latency memory access, it could lead to significant underutilization of compute resources. This leads to the problem of how to improve tolerance towards long memory access latencies in a massively threaded GPU system when thread level parallelism is not sufficient. In conventional CPUs, prefetching is a commonly used technique to mitigate high memory access latencies. Directly applying prefetching to a bandwidth limited GPU system, however, could in fact hurt performance [4]. Prefetch requests, whose accuracy cannot be guaranteed, increase the number of memory requests which could delay other demand requests. This problem is more severe in GPUs as the number of memory requests pending at any given is much higher than in a CPU. In addition to this, prefetching useless cachelines to the very limited GPU last level cache could cause significant cache pollution further degrading performance. Prefetching could however be very helpful if the memory system can accommodate the additional requests without delaying the demand requests.
CHARMM fluctuating charge force field for proteins: II Protein/solvent properties from molecular dynamics simulations using a nonadditive electrostatic model

A fluctuating charge (FQ) force field is applied to molecular dynamics simulations for six small proteins in explicit polarizable solvent represented by the TIP4P‐FQ potential. The proteins include 1FSV, 1ENH, 1PGB, 1VII, 1H8K, and 1CRN, representing both helical and β‐sheet secondary structural elements. Constant pressure and temperature (NPT) molecular dynamics simulations are performed on time scales of several nanoseconds, the longest simulations yet reported using explicitly polarizable all‐atom empirical potentials (for both solvent and protein) in the condensed phase. In terms of structure, the FQ force field allows deviations from native structure up to 2.5 Å (with a range of 1.0 to 2.5 Å). This is commensurate to the performance of the CHARMM22 nonpolarizable model and other currently existing polarizable models. Importantly, secondary structural elements maintain native structure in general to within 1 Å (both helix and β‐strands), again in good agreement with the nonpolarizable case. In qualitative agreement with QM/MM ab initio dynamics on crambin (Liu et al. Proteins 2001, 44, 484), there is a sequence dependence of average condensed phase atomic charge for all proteins, a dependence one would anticipate considering the differing chemical environments around individual atoms; this is a subtle quantum mechanical feature captured in the FQ model but absent in current state‐of‐the‐art nonpolarizable models. Furthermore, there is a mutual polarization of solvent and protein in the condensed phase. Solvent dipole moment distributions within the first and second solvation shells around the protein display a shift towards higher dipole moments (increases on the order of 0.2–0.3 Debye) relative to the bulk; protein polarization is manifested via the enhanced condensed phase charges of typical polar atoms such as backbone carbonyl oxygens, amide nitrogens, and amide hydrogens. Finally, to enlarge the sample set of proteins, gas‐phase minimizations and 1 ps constant temperature simulations are performed on various‐sized proteins to compare to earlier work by Kaminsky et al. (J Comp Chem 2002, 23, 1515). The present work establishes the feasibility of applying a fully polarizable force field for protein simulations and demonstrates the approach employed in extending the CHARMM force field to include these effects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1504–1514, 2004
A Cross-lingual Annotation Projection-based Self-supervision Approach for Open Information Extraction

Open information extraction (IE) is a weakly supervised IE paradigm that aims to extract relation-independent information from large-scale natural language documents without significant annotation efforts. A key challenge for Open IE is to achieve self-supervision, in which the training examples are automatically obtained. Although the feasibility of Open IE systems has been demonstrated for English, utilizing such techniques to build the systems for other languages is problematic because previous self-supervision approaches require language-specific knowledge. To improve the cross-language portability of Open IE systems, this paper presents a self-supervision approach that exploits parallel corpora to obtain training examples for the target language by projecting the annotations onto the source language. The merit of our method is demonstrated using a Korean Open IE system developed without any language-specific knowledge.
Correlation of nucleolini with fine structural nucleolar constituents of cultured normal and neoplastic cells.

Alterations in the structure of nucleoli of normal diploid human embryo fibroblasts and of aneuploid HeLa cells produced by the conditions of in vitro culture and by treatment with thymidine have been studied by light and electron microscopy. During exponential growth of diploid cells, the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus is mainly organized as a series of incomplete spherules containing a small and variable amount of light fibrillar material (fibrillar centers). These correspond to densely packed spherical nucleolini which are often too numerous to count or too small to resolve in the light microscope. The correlation between nucleolini and fibrillar centers becomes more striking in stationary cultures of human fibroblasts, where few large nucleolini in the light microscope correspond to few large light fibrillar centers in electron micrographs. Treatment of HeLa cells with 5 mm thymidine for 48 hr results in striking enlargement of nucleolini and fibrillar centers. It is thus clear that the nucleolini observed by light microscopy are the light fibrillar centers, with or without surrounding dense fibrillar material, observed by electron microscopy.
Sentence-based Document Size Reduction

In this article we present a novel document size reduction method that selects characteristic sentences by recognising fundamental semantical structures. With the help of document size reduction, document clustering processes less information, while also avoids misleading content. Sentence selection is carried out in two steps. First, a graph representing fundamental sentence relationships, measured by the number of common words, is constructed. Second, various statistical properties of this graph is computed and fed to a backpropagated neural network, which then chooses a small fraction of sentences deemed to be relevant. Preliminary experiments employing the Reuters-21578 news corpus proved that selection of lead sentences (which summarise each news article) can be more reliably performed based on the sentence relationship graph than on the traditional tf and tf×idf measurements. Experiments showed that the presented method can substitute tf and tf×idf for document clustering.
Invariant Synthesis for Sound but Incomplete Verification Engines

We present a new learning-based technique to synthesize conjunctive invariants for sound but incomplete verification oracles. Our learning framework encodes nonprovability information provided by the verification oracle as constraints on the set of conjuncts that form the invariant, and reduces this learning to ICE-learning algorithms for conjuncts. We build new ICE learning algorithms for conjuncts based on constraint-solving and machine-learning that learn small invariants. We apply our learning framework in the setting of a verification engine that uses natural proofs for heap verification, exhibiting how natural proofs can provide the required non-provability information. We implement our techniques and extensively evaluate them and show that we can, using a combination of learners, automatically synthesize small inductive invariants for a large suite of programs that dynamically manipulate the heap.
Participation in design things

This paper discusses the design of things. This is done in an attempt to conceptually explore some of the political and practical challenges to participatory design today. Which things, and which participants? The perspective is strategic and conceptual. Two approaches are in focus, participatory design (designing for use before use) and meta-design (designing for design after design). With this framing the challenge for professional design to participate in public controversial things is considered.
A New Wave Neural Network Dynamics for Planning Safe Paths of Autonomous Objects in a Dynamically Changing World

We consider the problem of finding a safe path for a robot/manipulator in a dynamic environment and propose a novel neural network model for solving this task. The network has discrete time-dynamics, is locallyconnected, and is, hence, computationally efficient. No preliminary information about the current world status is required for the planning process. Path generation is performed via the neural-activity landscape, which forms a dynamically-updating potential field over a distributed representation of the configuration space of an object. The network dynamics guarantees local adaptations, and includes a set of strict rules for determining the next step in the path of an object. According to these rules, planned paths tend to be optimal in a L1 metric. We present here the description of the model, and evaluate simulation results for various types of environmental changes. Key-Words: path planning, neural networks, wave expansion, robotics, autonomous navigation
ConfDiagnoser: An automated configuration error diagnosis tool for Java software

This paper presents ConfDiagnoser, an automated configuration error diagnosis tool for Java software. Conf-Diagnoser identifies the root cause of a configuration error - a single configuration option that can be changed to produce desired behavior. It uses static analysis, dynamic profiling, and statistical analysis to link the undesired behavior to specific configuration options. ConfDiagnoser differs from existing approaches in two key aspects: it does not require users to provide a testing oracle (to check whether the software functions correctly) and thus is fully-automated; and it can diagnose both crashing and non-crashing errors. We demonstrated ConfDiagnoser's accuracy and speed on 5 non-crashing configuration errors and 9 crashing configuration errors from 5 configurable software systems.
TIMING OF MILLISECOND PULSARS IN NGC 6752: EVIDENCE FOR A HIGH MASS-TO-LIGHT RATIO IN THE CLUSTER CORE

Using pulse timing observations we have obtained precise parameters, including positions with ∼ 20 mas accuracy, of five millisecond pulsars in NGC 6752. Three of them, located relatively close to the cluster center, have line-of-sight accelerations larger than the maximum value predicted by the central mass density derived from optical observation, providing dynamical evidence for a central mass-to-light ratio > ∼ 10, much higher than for any other globular cluster. It is likely that the other two millisecond pulsars have been ejected out of the core to their present locations at 1.4 and 3.3 half-mass radii, respectively, suggesting unusual non-thermal dynamics in the cluster core. Subject headings: Globular clusters: individual (NGC 6752) — pulsars: individual (J1911−5958A; J1910−5959B; J1911−6000C; J1910−5959D; J1910−5959E)
Selecting Valid Questionnaires for a Longitudinal Study of African-American College Student Health

Purpose: To create a modular public health questionnaire that can be used to conduct longitudinal academic research in the areas of sleep habits, dietary habits, cardiovascular disease risk, and physical activity and sedentary behavior in an African American collegiate population. Methods: A literature search for questionnaires used in collegiate studies was conducted separately for each category via PubMed. Valid questionnaires were identified and critically reviewed. Results: Questionnaires recommended for use were the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Rate Your Plate Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. For the category of cardiovascular disease risk, no calculators provide a result for individuals under to age of 20. It is recommended that for this category, the data required for risk calculation be collected and analyzed as separate variables, and a brief family history of premature cardiovascular disease be collected as well. Conclusion: We chose categories that are behavioral, and therefore modifiable, and are areas of concern for either college students or African Americans. The data collected using this tool will be used to further the knowledge of African American collegiate health as well as help to shape the behavioral health interventions for this population.
Efficient Graph Sequence Mining Using Reverse Search

The mining of frequent subgraphs from labeled graph data has been studied extensively. Furthermore, much attention has recently been paid to frequent pattern mining from graph sequences. A method, called GTRACE, has been proposed to mine frequent patterns from graph sequences under the assumption that changes in graphs are gradual. Although GTRACE mines the frequent patterns efficiently, it still needs substantial computation time to mine the patterns from graph sequences containing large graphs and long sequences. In this paper, we propose a new version of GTRACE that enables efficient mining of frequent patterns based on the principle of a reverse search. The underlying concept of the reverse search is a general scheme for designing efficient algorithms for hard enumeration problems. Our performance study shows that the proposed method is efficient and scalable for mining both long and large graph sequence patterns and is several orders of magnitude faster than the original GTRACE.
ROLE OF CERTAINTY FACTOR IN GENERATING ROUGH -FUZZY RULE

The generation of effective feature-based rules is essential to the development of any intelligent system. This paper presents an approach that integrates a powerful fuzzy rule generation algorithm with a rough set-assisted feature reduction method to generate diagnostic rule with a certainty factor. Certainty factor of each rule is calculated by considering both the membership value of each linguistic term introduced at time of fuzzyfication of data as well as possibility values, due to inconsistent data, generated by rough set theory at time of rule generation. In time of knowledge inferencing in an intelligent system, certainty factor of each rule will play an important role to find out the appropriate rule to be selected. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Technology Strategies For Economic Development In A Fast Changing Global Economy

East Asian development experience provides the basis for understanding which are the essential elements of effective technology strategy and policy, those that are required for the efficacious development of countries that have not yet embarked on a path of sustained modernization. Globalization has had a profound impact on development, enabling countries that could exploit its propelling forces to pursue a potent strategy of export-led economic and technological development. The policies needed to sustain this strategy are those required to foster institutions that permit effective commerce among economic agents, those necessary to generate the rapid accumulation of human and physical capital, and those essential to ensure that resources are allocated in accord with the economy's dynamic comparative advantage. Of crucial importance among the latter are effectively implemented policies of selective intervention designed to develop infant industries and to foster their fast-paced achievement of international competitiveness through rapid attainment of the requisite technological capabilities.