Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Blame in Collective Action: Evidence from Russia

Blame plays an important role in motivating many human activities, but rarely has the attribution of blame been analyzed for its effects on protest behavior. I argue that how people understand causal relationships and attribute blame for a grievance plays a crucial role in their decision to redress the grievance through protest. The greater the specificity of blame attribution, the greater the probability of protest. Among the less specific attributors of blame, political entrepreneurs have more opportunities to mobilize protest, especially if they can aid in blame specification. I test these hypotheses using evidence from an original nationwide survey of 2,026 adult Russians conducted in 1998 during the height of the Russian wage arrears crisis. Russians who attributed blame for the crisis to specific culprits or problem-solvers protested more than Russians who did not, and the mobilizing efforts of entrepreneurs had a greater impact on the less specific attributors.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. I would like to thank the Office of Research at the U.S. Information Agency (now State Department) for making the collection of these data possible and Vanessa Baird, Tami Buhr, Ray Duch, Steve Hanson, Will Moore, Cliff Morgan, Bob Stein, Randy Stevenson, Ric Stoll, and Andy Stock for their helpful advice. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not represent official positions of the State Department or the U.S. Government. The data and documentation necessary to replicate this analysis can be obtained from the National Archives.
Estimation of crosstalk noise for RLC interconnects in deep submicron VLSI circuit

The modeling of interconnections is very much important, as the performance of VLSI circuit is limited by interconnect related failure modes, such as coupled noise and delay. Inductance along with capacitance causes noise in the signals, which may adversely affect the performance of the circuit and signal integrity. An analytical expression for crosstalk noise voltage is derived in this study using L model for RLC global interconnects in deep submicron VLSI circuit. Then the noise voltage is estimated by simulation using HSPICE. The result shows that the L model is good enough to compute crosstalk noise for RLC interconnects.
Accumulation of particles in propagating fronts

Field observations imply that accumulation and advection of invertebrate larvae and other plankton by propagating fronts provides an efficient mechanism for the cross‐shelf transport and subsequent coastal settlement of larvae and plankton. Gravity currents propagating into a heavier, uniform‐density fluid are known to have near‐surface velocities u that exceed the propagation speed c of the gravity current nose. It is shown by simple dam‐break laboratory experiments and through corresponding numerical solutions of two‐dimensional stratified flow and Lagrangian particle advection that this characteristic of gravity currents can lead to accumulation in the gravity current nose of particles that originate well behind the gravity current head. However, efficient particle accumulation and transport with the speed c only occurs for particles with sufficient vertical buoyancy or vertical swimming capability. Weakly buoyant or neutral particles are swept down and back away from the gravity current head by the circulation in this region. A dam break into an ambient fluid with stratification (two‐layered) could result in the transport of some particles that are initially trapped in the forepart of the leading disturbance, an undular bore. However, this situation does not result in significant accumulation of particles at the leading edge of the disturbance. The numerical solutions show that particles that originate in the dense fluid ahead of the gravity current are much less likely to be accumulated at the gravity current nose. A simple scaling criterion for the minimum vertical buoyancy velocity for efficient accumulation and transport of buoyant particles based on the gravity current and particle characteristics is developed and compares favorably with the numerical results. The implications of these results for transport of larvae in coastal environments are discussed.
The Bolt Wars

Subculture research on alternative sports has focused on the seemingly inevitable commodification and media co-option of these activities and their internal status hierarchies. In this article, I examine the neglected issue of how participants define the informal “rules” of a self-governed sport. Specifically, I am interested in intragroup conflict among long-time traditional rock climbers over the legitimacy of practices that reduce risk. I spent sixteen months conducting participant observation in multiple locations in the rock climbing world, collected seventeen in-depth interviews, and consulted a wide range of secondary material. Drawing on social worlds theory to analyze the sociohistorical sources of competing ideologies, the participants’ claimsmaking activities, and their strategic actions to maintain and challenge informal rules, I provide a more nuanced and complex picture of social change in alternative sports. I also demonstrate the value of the social worlds perspective for understanding the interactive construction of social worlds and participants in constant flux.
BET & ELF Quantum Topological Analysis of Neutral 2-Aza-Cope Rearrangement of γ-Alkenyl Nitrones

The 2-Aza-Cope rearrangement of γ-alkenyl nitrones is a rare example of the neutral thermal 2-aza-Cope process that usually takes place with cationic species. During the rearrangement, a redistribution of bonds and electronic density occurs in one kinetic step. However, the introduction of substituents with different steric requirements and electronic features might alter the activation energies and the synchronicity of the reaction. The electron localization function (ELF) analysis and its application to Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) analysis within the context of Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) is an excellent tool to monitor the electron density along the reaction coordinate and thus investigate in detail bond breaking and formation and the corresponding energy barriers. By analyzing topological ELF calculations of seventeen 2-aza-Cope nitrone rearrangements with selected substituents, the main factors influencing the synchronicity of the process were investigated. This MEDT study results revealed that the rearrangement is a non-polar process mostly influenced by steric factors rather than by electronic ones, and confirms the pseudoradical character of the process rather than any pericyclic electron-reorganization.
Microanalysis of nonverbal communication: Development of a nonverbal research method using high-performance 3D character animation

This work provides a novel research tool for the field of nonverbal communication, with the goal being to transform 3D motion data into metric measurements that allow for the application of standard statistical methods such as analysis of variance, factor analysis, or multiple regression analysis. 3D motion data are automatically captured by motion capture systems or manually coded by humans using 3D character animation software. They precisely describe human movements, but without any furter data processing, they cannot meaningfully be interpreted and statistically analyzed. To make this possible, three nonverbal coding systems describing static body postures, dynamic body movements, and proper body part motions such as head nods have been developed. A geometrical model describing postures and movements as flexion angles of body parts on three clearly understandable and nonverbal relevant dimensions—the sagittal, the rotational, and the lateral—has been developed and provides the basis for math formulas which allow the transformation of motion capture data or 3D animation data into metric measures. Furthermore, math formulas were developed to compute around 30 nonverbal cues described in the literature on kinesics that can be understood as geometrical features of body parts such as openness, symmetry, and expansiveness of body postures, head position and head nods, gaze direction and body orientation, pointing behavior and relational gestures, interactional synchrony, proxemics, and touch, including dynamic features of movements such as rate, velocity, and acceleration. To obtain accurate measurements, the software APEx (Automatic Parameter Extraction) has been developed with a number of convenient features extracting more than 150 nonverbal parameters consisting 380 metric variables out of available motion data.
2006 and 2007 Max-SAT Evaluations: Contributed Instances

In this technical report we briefly describe the instances submitted to the 2006 and 2007 Max-SAT Evaluations. First, we introduce the instances that can be directly encoded as Max-SAT. Then, we describe the methods used to translate problem instances coming from other optimization frameworks to Max-SAT. Finally, we present a quick reference table containing short descriptions of each set of problem instances.
Free-living ciliates from a perturbed marsh in Central Mexico: some notes about taxonomy and ecology

1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, campus El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas, Desviación Tlachaloya, Carretera Toluca Atlacomulco Kilometro 15.5, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Edo. de México, Mexico 2 Laboratorio de Protozoología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, CP. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Live Brugia malayi Microfilariae Inhibit Transendothelial Migration of Neutrophils and Monocytes

Lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease caused by the parasite Brugia malayi. Microfilariae (Mf) circulate in the peripheral blood for 2–3 hours in synchronisation with maximal feeding of the mosquito vector. When absent from the peripheral blood, Mf sequester in the capillaries of the lungs. Mf are therefore in close contact with vascular endothelial cells (EC) and may induce EC immune function and/or wound repair mechanisms such as angiogenesis. In this study, Mf were co-cultured with human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) or human lung microvascular EC (HLMVEC) and the transendothelial migration of leukocyte subsets was analysed. In addition, the protein and/or mRNA expression of chemokine, cytokine and angiogenic mediators in endothelial cells in the presence of live microfilariae were measured by a combination of cDNA arrays, protein arrays, ELISA and fluorescence antibody tests. Surprisingly, our findings indicate that Mf presence partially blocked transendothelial migration of monocytes and neutrophils, but not lymphocytes. However, Mf exposure did not result in altered vascular EC expression of key mediators of the tethering stage of extravasation, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and various chemokines. To further analyse the immunological function of vascular EC in the presence of Mf, we measured the mRNA and/or protein expression of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators. We found that expression levels of the mediators tested were predominantly unaltered upon B. malayi Mf exposure. In addition, a comparison of angiogenic mediators induced by intact Mf and Wolbachia-depleted Mf revealed that even intact Mf induce the expression of remarkably few angiogenic mediators in vascular EC. Our study suggests that live microfilariae are remarkably inert in their induction and/or activation of vascular cells in their immediate local environment. Overall, this work presents important insights into the immunological function of the vascular endothelium during an infection with B. malayi.
Incremental learning with balanced update on receptive fields for multi-sensor data fusion

This paper addresses multi-sensor data fusion with incremental learning ability. A new cost function is proposed for the receptive field weighted regression (RFWR) algorithm based on the idea of back propagation (BP), so that the computation efficiency and the learning strategy of the modified RFWR are much more applicable for multi-sensor data fusion problem. Thus a new fusion structure and algorithm with incremental learning ability is constructed by adopting the modified RFWR algorithm together with the weighted average algorithm. Experiments of a two-camera unified positioning system are implemented successfully to test the proposed computation structure and algorithms.
Optimizing genetic algorithm strategies for evolving networks

This paper explores the use of genetic algorithms for the design of networks, where the demands on the network fluctuate in time. For varying network constraints, we find the best network using the standard genetic algorithm operators such as inversion, mutation and crossover. We also examine how the choice of genetic algorithm operators affects the quality of the best network found. Such networks typically contain redundancy in servers, where several servers perform the same task and pleiotropy, where servers perform multiple tasks. We explore this trade-off between pleiotropy versus redundancy on the cost versus reliability as a measure of the quality of the network.
SF3B1 mutations are associated with alternative splicing in uveal melanoma.

UNLABELLED Uveal melanoma, the most common eye malignancy, causes severe visual morbidity and is fatal in approximately 50% of patients. Primary uveal melanoma can be cured by surgery or radiotherapy, but the metastatic disease is treatment refractory. To understand comprehensively uveal melanoma genetics, we conducted single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and whole-genome sequencing on 12 primary uveal melanomas. We observed only approximately 2,000 predicted somatic single-nucleotide variants per tumor and low levels of aneuploidy. We did not observe an ultraviolet radiation DNA damage signature, but identified SF3B1 mutations in three samples and a further 15 mutations in an extension cohort of 105 samples. SF3B1 mutations were associated with good prognosis and were rarely coincident with BAP1 mutations. SF3B1 encodes a component of the spliceosome, and RNA sequencing revealed that SF3B1 mutations were associated with differential alternative splicing of protein coding genes, including ABCC5 and UQCC, and of the long noncoding RNA CRNDE. SIGNIFICANCE Our data show that despite its dismal prognosis, uveal melanoma is a relatively simple genetic disease characterized by recurrent chromosomal losses and gains and a low mutational burden. We show that SF3B1 is recurrently mutated in uveal melanoma, and the mutations are associated with aberrant alternative splicing.
Accurate Distinction of Pathogenic from Benign CNVs in Mental Retardation

Copy number variants (CNVs) have recently been recognized as a common form of genomic variation in humans. Hundreds of CNVs can be detected in any individual genome using genomic microarrays or whole genome sequencing technology, but their phenotypic consequences are still poorly understood. Rare CNVs have been reported as a frequent cause of neurological disorders such as mental retardation (MR), schizophrenia and autism, prompting widespread implementation of CNV screening in diagnostics. In previous studies we have shown that, in contrast to benign CNVs, MR-associated CNVs are significantly enriched in genes whose mouse orthologues, when disrupted, result in a nervous system phenotype. In this study we developed and validated a novel computational method for differentiating between benign and MR-associated CNVs using structural and functional genomic features to annotate each CNV. In total 13 genomic features were included in the final version of a Naïve Bayesian Tree classifier, with LINE density and mouse knock-out phenotypes contributing most to the classifier's accuracy. After demonstrating that our method (called GECCO) perfectly classifies CNVs causing known MR-associated syndromes, we show that it achieves high accuracy (94%) and negative predictive value (99%) on a blinded test set of more than 1,200 CNVs from a large cohort of individuals with MR. These results indicate that this classification method will be of value for objectively prioritizing CNVs in clinical research and diagnostics.
Addiction to the 3-dimensional Internet: Estimated prevalence and relationship to real world addictions

This study examined the prevalence of addiction to Second Life, the most prominent 3D virtual world, and found that approximately one-third of participants met criterion for Internet addiction or at-risk status on the internet addiction test (Young, K. (1998a). Caught in the net: How to recognize the signs of Internet Addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc). Participants with higher levels of addiction were more likely to have resided in Second Life for a shorter period of time than non-compulsive users, stay logged on for lengthy periods of time, view sexual experience in Second Life as an important activity, and report experiencing stronger immersion and more benefits from using Second Life. In addition, moderate positive correlations were found between addiction to Second Life and various areas of compulsion in real life. These data provide the first assessment of the prevalence of addiction to the emerging 3D internet and serve as an empirical baseline as the number of users and graphical realism of 3D virtual worlds continues to grow.
Weight Stigmatization Toward Youth: A Significant Problem in Need of Societal Solutions

Overweight and obese youth face frequent stigmatization because of their excess weight, most often in the form of teasing and bullying. Weight stigmatization in youth begins early in childhood and is prevalent in the school setting by adolescence. Not only are obese youth vulnerable to stigmatization from peers, but increasing studies also indicate that educators and even parents are sources of weight bias. this has concerning implications for children's health, because research over the past decade has con - sistently demonstrated links between weight-based stigmatization and negative outcomes for psychological, social, and physical well-being. to reduce weight-based stigmatization and protect obese youth from the deleterious effects of victimization, efforts are needed to identify and evaluate successful methods to reduce bias toward obese youths, implement effective school-based policies that prohibit weight-based victimization, and ensure that initiatives to address childhood obesity do not impose further stigmatiza - tion on overweight and obese youth. these efforts will require increased vigilance by educators, parents, schools, public health ini -
E-government principles: implementation, advantages and challenges

The objective of this paper is to review the available literature about e-government implementation stages, its challenges and benefits. It gathers and consolidates several relevant issues regarding e-government such as the definitions of e-government, implementation stages, advantages and particularly focuses on the challenges of e-government. Analysing a brief study of Saudi Arabia's developing e-government program indicates that most of the issues raised in the literature are relevant. It is expected that this review will form a conceptual basis for a new wave of research into effective e-government acceptance and adoption.
Individual and Organizational Fit: It's Impact on T urkish Academic Staff

Achieving congruence between the values of the employee and the organization which often is called person-organization (P-O) fit that has gaining a growing interest in the organizational behavior field in recent years is the main theme of this article. Researches about P-O fit (O’Reilly & Chatman 1986; Lauver & Kristof-Brown 2001; Cable & DeRue 2002; Sekiguchi 2004; Hoffman & Woehr 2006; Nelson & Billsberry 2007) revealed that a high level of congruence has a positive impact on job attitudes of individuals and creates a number of positive outcomes for organizations. P-O fit that affects the degree to which an individual is liked by co-workers, supervisors, and subordinates (Judge & Ferris 1992) improves individual and organizational effectiveness. Because P-O fit has been positively related to job attitudes (organizational commitment, motivation, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviors) and negatively related to turnover intentions of employees, the congruence between individual and organizational values could be critical for the organizations. In this context, this study attempts to explore the relationships between the P-O fit and job satisfaction, work alienation and individual performance level of academicians. In order to test hypothesis empirically; data was collected from academicians of a State University that is being in the list of Top 500 World Universities located in Turkey. After the reliability, correlation and regression analyses, we conclude by discussing implications, limitations, and future researches concerning the P–O fit.
Structural Properties of the Anterolateral Capsule and Iliotibial Band of the Knee

Background: The role of the anterolateral capsule in knee stability has recently been advocated by studies reporting that a distinct ligament exists in this area. Defining the structural properties of the anterolateral capsule can provide insight into its contribution to joint stability. The structural properties of the iliotibial band also need to be determined, as it is a common graft used for extra-articular tenodesis. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the structural properties of the anterolateral capsule and iliotibial band. The hypothesis was that the iliotibial band will have comparable structural properties to the anterolateral capsule because it is generally an accepted graft for extra-articular reconstruction surgeries. Study design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine human cadaveric knees (average age, 57 ± 10 years) were dissected to assess the presence of a discrete capsular thickness originating from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the lateral tibial plateau between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head. For each knee, 2 constructs were prepared: (1) a bone–anterolateral capsule–bone specimen and (2) a strip of iliotibial band attached to the Gerdy tubercle. Structural properties, including ultimate load, ultimate elongation, and stiffness, were determined for the anterolateral capsule and the iliotibial band. After tensile testing, plain radiographs were obtained for evaluation of the Segond fracture. A paired t test was used to compare the structural properties of the anterolateral capsule with the iliotibial band. Significance was set at P < . 05. Results: Two of the 9 specimens were found to have a discrete thickening of the anterolateral capsule. The iliotibial band had almost 50% higher ultimate load and nearly 3 times higher stiffness (487.9 ± 156.9 N and 73.2 ± 24.1 N/mm, respectively) compared with the anterolateral capsule (319.7 ± 212.6 N and 26.0 ± 11.5 N/mm, respectively) (P < .05 for both). The anterolateral capsule had about double the ultimate elongation compared with the iliotibial band (15.5 ± 7.3 and 8.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P < .05). Conclusion: The anterolateral capsule demonstrated significantly reduced structural properties compared with the iliotibial band. The anterolateral capsule did not have a higher ultimate load compared with the posteromedial capsule as reported in the literature. Clinical Relevance: The decision to perform an extra-articular reconstruction using an iliotibial band graft should be considered carefully. Unnecessary reconstructions using soft tissue grafts with structural properties that far exceed that of the anterolateral capsule may result in overconstraint of the ACL-reconstructed knee.