Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulation Effects in Dark Matter-Electron Scattering Experiments

One of the next frontiers in dark-matter direct-detection experiments is to explore the MeV to GeV mass regime. Such light dark matter does not carry enough kinetic energy to produce an observable nuclear recoil, but it can scatter off electrons, leading to a measurable signal. We introduce a semi-analytic approach to characterize the resulting electron-scattering events in atomic and semiconductor targets, improving on previous analytic proposals that underestimate the signal at high recoil energies. We then use this procedure to study the time-dependent properties of the electron-scattering signal, including the modulation fraction, higher-harmonic modes and modulation phase. The time dependence can be distinct in a non-trivial way from the nuclear scattering case. Additionally, we show that dark-matter interactions inside the Earth can significantly distort the lab-frame phase-space distribution of sub-GeV dark matter.
A NOVEL EMBEDDING SCHEME BASED ON WALSH HADAMARD TRANSFORM

The purpose of steganography is to send secret mess age by embedding data into some innocuous cover objects such as digital images. The data hiding met hod used until now is the syndrome coding method. In this paper, we present an improved data hiding scheme defined by boolean functions. Using some properties of Boolean functions we construct a new steganographic scheme in which we can hide more information compared to the scheme based on syndrome coding.
FPGA DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A REAL-TIME VISION BASED LANE DEPARTURE WARNING SYSTEM

Using a vision-based solution in intelligent vehicle application often requires large amounts of memory to handle the video stream and image process, which increases the complexity of the hardware and software. In this paper, we present a Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of a vision-based lane departure warning system. By taking video frames, the line gradient is estimated and the lane marks are found. By analyzing the position of the lane mark, the departure of the vehicle will be detected in time. This idea has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan6 FPGA. The lane departure warning system uses 39% logic resources and no memory of the device. The average availability is 92.5%. The frame rate is 30 frames per sec (fps).
Overexpression of p53 protein associated with proliferative activity as evaluated by Ki-67 immunostaining in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

BACKGROUND Overexpression of p53 protein has been demonstrated in a variety of human malignant tumors, and its role in oncogenesis and tumor progression is thought to be important. Recently, some reports have suggested that p53 overexpression might be an indicator of immaturity or proliferative activity of cells in cutaneous lesions. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between overexpression of p53 protein and the proliferative activity evaluated by Ki-67 immunostaining in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. METHODS Sixteen cases of well-differentiated SCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen. RESULTS p53 protein was detected in 12 out of the 16 cases (75%). The percentage of p53-protein-positive tumor cells (DO-7 index) ranged from 0 to 80.4 (mean +/- SD = 33.8 +/- 29.7) and the percentage of Ki-67-antigen-positive tumor cells (MIB-1 index) from 23.4 to 65.1 (mean +/- SD = 42.3 +/- 15.8). Cases with higher DO-7 indices tended to show higher MIB-1 indices and the correlation was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Overexpression of the p53 protein seems to be a useful indicator of proliferative activity in cutaneous SCC.
A GENERALIZED MULTIFRAME REAL-TIME TASK MODEL UPON HETEROGENEOUS MULTIPROCESSORS SYSTEM

The task scheduling problem is one of the basic research areas in computer science especially in real-time systems. Current task scheduling based on heterogeneous multiprocessors system rarely consider the multiframe character of real-time tasks, which assumes a worst-case execution time bound for every task and maybe too pessimistic if the worst-case execution time of task is much longer than the average. Given in this paper is a generalized multiframe real-time task model upon heterogeneous multiprocessors systems based on period task model. It is proved that this model’s schedulability is better than period task model. We investigate the schedulability problem for this model for the preemptive fixed priority scheduling policy using genetic algorithm. The scheduling test is given as utilization based and exact worst case response time. The experiments results show that the using response time analysis is better than the utilization based method, and the analysis is applicable to different system model.
Building a Worthy Opponent Simulating Human Play for the Development of Expertise

This paper considers what is required of a sufficiently powerful, and realistically human, game-playing program. It summarizes relevant human performance data, and distinguishes fundamental properties of human and of expert human play. Learning, planning, and visual perception are emphasized, as well as communication. The resultant programs should offer competition, instruction, and collegial discussion.
How to Measure Field‐Of‐Study Mismatch? A Comparative Analysis of the Different Methods

We make a comparative analysis of the different methods used for the measurement of field-of-study mismatch. A first part of the paper reviews the literature, detailing and discussing the different approaches (worker assessments, job analysis, realized matches). In the second part, based on a data-set allowing us to use various measures, we investigate whether these different approaches result in differences with respect to the incidence and the determinants of field-of-study mismatch. Since substantial differences do indeed exist, even among variants of similar approaches, we conclude that empirical results with respect to field-of-study mismatch should be interpreted with great caution. While making several recommendations concerning the measurement of field-of-study mismatch, we also make a plea for more focused research on the validity and reliability of field-of-study mismatch measures in order to develop a more generally-accepted and uniform measure.
Emotion Dysregulation Mediates Relations Between Chinese Parents’ Histories of Childhood Emotional Abuse and Parenting Stress: A Dyadic Data Analysis

SYNOPSIS Objective. This study focused on the intrapersonal and interpersonal effects of parents’ histories of childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation on parenting stress in a sample of school-age children’s fathers and mothers in Mainland China. Design. One hundred ninety-four Chinese couples participated. Structural equation modeling within the framework of the actor–partner interdependence mediation model was used to assess whether emotion dysregulation mediates relations between parents’ childhood emotional abuse and parenting stress of both individuals and their spouses. Results. The childhood emotional abuse of one parent was significantly associated with the parenting stress of both parents through the emotion dysregulation of the parent who was emotionally abused. Conclusions. Links between emotional abuse and parenting stress in the family system are complex, and both parents’ childhood histories of emotional abuse play roles in parenting.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Despite extensive investigation of the neural systems for face perception and emotion recognition in adults and young children in the past, the precise temporal activation of brain sources specific to the processing of emotional facial expressions in older children and adolescents is not well known. This preliminary study aims to trace the spatiotemporal dynamics of facial emotion processing during adolescence and provide a basis for future developmental studies and comparisons with patient populations that have social-emotional deficits such as autism. Methods: We presented pictures showing happy, angry, fearful, or neutral facial expressions to healthy adolescents (aged 10–16 years) and recorded 128-channel event-related potentials (ERPs) while they performed an emotion discrimination task. ERP components were analyzed for effects of age and emotion on amplitude and latency. The underlying cortical sources of scalp ERP activity were modeled as multiple equivalent current dipoles using Brain Electrical Source Analysis (BESA). Results: Initial global/holistic processing of faces (P1) took place in the visual association cortex (lingual gyrus) around 120 ms post-stimulus. Next, structural encoding of facial features (N170) occurred between 160–200 ms in the inferior temporal/fusiform region, and perhaps early emotion processing (Vertex Positive Potential or VPP) in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Finally, cognitive analysis of facial expressions (P2) in the prefrontal cortex and emotional reactions in somatosensory areas were observed from about 230 ms onwards. The temporal sequence of cortical source activation in response to facial emotion processing was occipital, prefrontal, fusiform, parietal for young adolescents and occipital, limbic, inferior temporal, and prefrontal for older adolescents. Conclusion: This is a first report of high-density ERP dipole source analysis in healthy adolescents which traces the sequence of neural activity within the first 500 ms of categorizing emotion from faces. Our spatio-temporal brain source models showed the presence of adult-like cortical networks for face processing in adolescents, whose functional specificity to different emotions appear to be not yet fully mature. Age-related differences in brain activation patterns illustrate the continued development and maturation of distinct neural systems for processing facial expressions during adolescence and possible changes in emotion perception, experience, and reaction with age. Published: 12 March 2009 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:16 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-16 Received: 16 June 2008 Accepted: 12 March 2009 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/5/1/16 © 2009 Wong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Screening for HIV: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

DESCRIPTION Update of the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for HIV. METHODS The USPSTF reviewed new evidence on the effectiveness of treatments in HIV-infected persons with CD4 counts greater than 0.200 × 109 cells/L; effects of screening, counseling, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use on risky behaviors and HIV transmission risk; and long-term cardiovascular harms of ART. POPULATION These recommendations apply to adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years for HIV infection. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened. (Grade A recommendation)The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV, including those who present in labor who are untested and whose HIV status is unknown. (Grade A recommendation).
A Hybrid Speech Recognition Training Method for HMM Based on Genetic Algorithm and Baum Welch Algorithm

HMM describes the time-domain feature of speech signal by statistical modeling method. Classical training method Baum Welch algorithm could only obtains locally optimal solution, which might decrease the recognition rate, while an important character of genetic algorithm is global search, so we can get a globally optimal solution or at least sub-optimal solution. In this paper genetic algorithm was applied to the optimization of the initial value of B in Baum Welch algorithm. A hybrid training method that combined the traditional method with genetic algorithm was proposed. Experimental results showed that the method had both qualities of global search and rapid convergence and the resulting models were superior to those obtained with traditional methods.
The transcriptomics of life‐history trade‐offs in whitefish species pairs (Coregonus sp.)

Despite the progress achieved in elucidating the ecological mechanisms of adaptive radiation, there has been little focus on documenting the extent of adaptive differentiation in physiological functions during this process. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the genomic basis underlying phenotypic adaptive divergence is still in its infancy. One important evolutionary process for which causal genetic mechanisms are largely unknown pertains to life‐history trade‐offs. We analysed patterns of gene transcription in liver tissue of sympatric dwarf and normal whitefish from two natural lakes, as well as from populations reared in controlled environments, using a 16 006‐gene cDNA microarray in order to: (i) document the extent of physiological adaptive divergence between sympatric dwarf and normal species pairs, and (ii) explore the molecular mechanisms of differential life history trade‐offs between growth and survival potentially involved in their adaptive divergence. In the two natural lakes, 6.45% of significantly transcribed genes showed regulation either in parallel fashion (2.39%) or in different directions (4.06%). Among genes showing parallelism in regulation patterns, we observed a higher proportion of over‐expressed genes in dwarf relative to normal whitefish (70.6%). Patterns observed in controlled conditions were also generally congruent with those observed in natural populations. Dwarf whitefish consistently showed significant over‐expression of genes potentially associated with survival through enhanced activity (energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, detoxification), whereas more genes associated with growth (protein synthesis, cell cycle, cell growth) were generally down‐regulated in dwarf relative to normal whitefish. Overall, parallelism in patterns of gene transcription, as well as patterns of interindividual variation across controlled and natural environments, provide strong indirect evidence for the role of selection in the evolution of differential regulation of genes involving a vast array of potentially adaptive physiological processes between dwarf and normal whitefish. Our results also provide a first mechanistic, genomic basis for the observed trade‐off in life‐history traits distinguishing dwarf and normal whitefish species pairs, wherein enhanced survival via more active swimming, necessary for increased foraging and predator avoidance, engages energetic costs that translate into slower growth rate and reduced fecundity in dwarf relative to normal whitefish.
Probability-Confidence-Kernel-Based Localized Multiple Kernel Learning With $l_{p}$ Norm

Localized multiple kernel learning (LMKL) is an attractive strategy for combining multiple heterogeneous features in terms of their discriminative power for each individual sample. However, models excessively fitting to a specific sample would obstacle the extension to unseen data, while a more general form is often insufficient for diverse locality characterization. Hence, both learning sample-specific local models for each training datum and extending the learned models to unseen test data should be equally addressed in designing LMKL algorithm. In this paper, for an integrative solution, we propose a probability confidence kernel (PCK), which measures per-sample similarity with respect to probabilistic-prediction-based class attribute: The class attribute similarity complements the spatial-similarity-based base kernels for more reasonable locality characterization, and the predefined form of involved class probability density function facilitates the extension to the whole input space and ensures its statistical meaning. Incorporating PCK into support-vectormachine-based LMKL framework, we propose a new PCK-LMKL with arbitrary -norm constraint implied in the definition of PCKs, where both the parameters in PCK and the final classifier can be efficiently optimized in a joint manner. Evaluations of PCK-LMKL on both benchmark machine learning data sets (ten University of California Irvine (UCI) data sets) and challenging computer vision data sets (15-scene data set and Caltech-101 data set) have shown to achieve state-of-the-art performances.
Encoding Visual Attention Features for Effective Biomedical Images Retrieval

This paper proposes a novel model, called Similarity Based on Visual Attention Features (SimVisual), to enhance the similarity analysis between images by considering features extracted from salient regions mapped by visual attention models. Visual attention models have demonstrated to be very useful for encoding perceptual semantic information of the image content. Thus, aggregating saliency features into the final image representation is a powerful asset to enhance the similarity analysis between images, while increasing the accuracy in retrieval tasks. The goal of SimVisual is to combine different saliency models with traditional image descriptors, aimed at increasing the descriptive power of these descriptors without modifying the original algorithms. We performed some experiments using a large dataset composed of 32 different biomedical images categories, and the results show that SimVisual boosts the retrieval accuracy up to 13% considering simple image descriptors, such as Color Histograms. The experiments on SimVisual shows that it is a valuable approach to increase the efficacy of content-based image retrieval systems, without user interactions.
Invasion, Disturbance, and Competition: Modeling the Fate of Coastal Plant Populations

Abstract: Wetland habitats are besieged by biotic and abiotic disturbances such as invasive species, hurricanes, habitat fragmentation, and salinization. Predicting how these factors will alter local population dynamics and community structure is a monumental challenge. By examining ecologically similar congeners, such as Iris hexagona and I. pseudacorus (which reproduce clonally and sexually and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions), one can identify life‐history traits that are most influential to population growth and viability. We combined empirical data and stage‐structured matrix models to investigate the demographic responses of native (I. hexagona) and invasive (I. pseudacorus) plant populations to hurricanes and salinity stress in freshwater and brackish wetlands. In our models I. hexagona and I. pseudacorus responded differently to salinity stress, and species coexistence was rare. In 82% of computer simulations of freshwater marsh, invasive iris populations excluded the native species within 50 years, whereas native populations excluded the invasive species in 99% of the simulations in brackish marsh. The occurrence of hurricanes allowed the species to coexist, and species persistence was determined by the length of time it took the ecosystem to recover. Rapid recovery (2 years) favored the invasive species, whereas gradual recovery (30 years) favored the native species. Little is known about the effects of hurricanes on competitive interactions between native and invasive plant species in marsh ecosystems. Our models contribute new insight into the relationship between environmental disturbance and invasion and demonstrate how influential abiotic factors such as climate change will be in determining interspecific interactions.
Inpainting for Fringe Projection Profilometry Based on Geometrically Guided Iterative Regularization

Conventional fringe projection profilometry methods often have difficulty in reconstructing the 3D model of objects when the fringe images have the so-called highlight regions due to strong illumination from nearby light sources. Within a highlight region, the fringe pattern is often overwhelmed by the strong reflected light. Thus, the 3D information of the object, which is originally embedded in the fringe pattern, can no longer be retrieved. In this paper, a novel inpainting algorithm is proposed to restore the fringe images in the presence of highlights. The proposed method first detects the highlight regions based on a Gaussian mixture model. Then, a geometric sketch of the missing fringes is made and used as the initial guess of an iterative regularization procedure for regenerating the missing fringes. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately reconstruct the 3D model of objects even when their fringe images have large highlight regions. It significantly outperforms the traditional approaches in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
PMSM Drive Position Estimation: Contribution to the High-Frequency Injection Voltage Selection Issue

High-frequency injection (HFI) is an alternative method to estimate permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rotor position using magnetic saliency. Once the maximum fundamental electrical frequency and the power converter switching frequency are set, the HFI voltage amplitude tuning is generally based on trial and error. This paper proposes a methodology to select the appropriate high-frequency signal injection voltage amplitude for rotor position estimation. The technique is based on an analytical model taking into account the noise in the voltage supply to derive the resulting currents containing the information on the rotor position. This model allows setting the injection voltage amplitude that leads to the maximum acceptable position error for a given signal-to-noise ratio and a speed range. The approach is validated with the analytical and the global drive models through extensive simulations. Experimental results on a 1-kW PMSM drive confirm the interest of the proposed solution.
Cooperative water filling (CoopWF) algorithm for small cell networks

This paper proposes a new power allocation algorithm with precoding in cooperative small cell networks (SCNs). A power allocation algorithm based on cooperative water-filling (CoopWF) is proposed and block diagonalization (BD) precoding is adopted to cancel the inter-user interferences. The proposed scheme is easily implementable to SCNs such as femto-cell, metro-cell, and pico-cell. Simulation results show that the proposed CoopWF algorithm provides better mean capacity compared to the existing power allocation algorithm.
How to build a supercomputer

For many people, the word "supercomputer" conjures an image of a giant machine in a special room, feverishly computing solutions to the esoteric problems of scientific research, weather prediction, or perhaps even the secrets of spy agencies. At one time, about 20 years ago, that was indeed what it meant. Today, however, what makes a supercomputer has changed, and one of the key changes is using a network.