Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE COWDRIA RUMINANTIUM INFECTION RATE OF AMBLYOMMA HEBRAEUM: EFFECTS IN MICE INJECTED WITH TICK HOMOGENATES

INTRODUCflON The 2 most important factors directly related to the immune status of the cattle on a particular farm that determine the role played by the tick vector (Amblyomma spp.) in the epidemiology of heartwater are the tick bur­ den and the Cowdria ruminantium infection rate of the ticks. The tick load can be ascertained by means of tick counts, and the immune status of the cattle with the aid of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test (Du Ples­ sis, 1982b). There is as yet no dependable method for assaying the percentage ticks infected by C. ruminan­ tium. The high degree of specificity and sensitivity of the IFA test makes an attempt to identify infected ticks by injecting them into mice and subjecting the sera of the mice to the IFA test a worthwhile investigation . But strains of C. ruminantium appear to vary consider­ ably in their infectivity to mice (Mackenzie & Van Rooyen, 1981; Uilenberg, 1983). Strains such as the Nigerian D225 are entirely non-infective and non-patho­ genic, whereas the Ball 3 strain, used for the production of a vaccine at the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, is non-pathogenic, but may be passaged in mice once or at the most 2 or 3 times in succession by the intraperitoneal route (K. E. Weiss, personal commu­ nication, 1971). The Malagasy K2 strain (Ramisse, cited by Uilenberg, 1983) does not elicit clinical signs in mice, but can be serially passaged indefinitely if the intravenous (i. v.) route is used. Further along the spec­ trum, the Kwanyanga strain (Mackenzie & Van Rooyen, 1981) is highly pathogenic to mice but only when inocu­ lated intravenously (i.v.) and not intraperitoneally (i.p.), whereas the Kumm strain (DuPlessis & Kumm, 1971; Du Plessis, 1982a), also referred to as the Du Plessis strain (McHardy & Mackenzie, 1984; Uilenberg, 1983), is highly pathogenic to mice irrespective of whether the i.v. or the i.p. route is used. MATERIALS AND M ETHODS Experiment 1 Partially engorged adult A. hebraeum ticks of both sexes were collected from cattle throughout the main heartwater endemic areas of the Republic of South Africa as part of a study to determine the role of the tick vector in the epidemiology of the disease. Five male and 5 female ticks per farm were examined within 3-6 days after collection or after being stored in liquid nitrogen . A preliminary experiment had shown that there was no loss of infectivity to mice of adult A. hebraeum ticks, infected as larvae with the Kumm strain
Median nerve penetration by a muscular branch of the brachial artery

Arterial variations in the distal half of the arm are common (Anagnostopoulou and Venieratos 1999, J. Anat. 195:471–476). We observed a rare variant of a muscular branch of the brachial artery that penetrated the median nerve in the lower part of the arm. After its origin from the posteromedial surface of the brachial artery, the muscular branch passed through a nervous loop in the median nerve to enter and supply the brachialis muscle. At the site of arterial penetration, the nerve displayed perineurial thickening and increased fasciculation and interfascicular connective tissue. Three small branches of the artery supplied the nerve fascicles. We did not observe nerve compression or muscular changes, but the possibility of altered clinical symptoms produced by irritation from arterial pulsation cannot be ruled out. This variation may be clinically important because symptoms of median nerve compression arising from similar variations are often confused with more common causes, such as radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin. Anat. 16:335–339, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on a novel combind optimization method based on MA and PS

A novel multi-agent particle swarm optimization algorithm (MAPS) is proposed for optimal reactive power dispatch and voltage control of power system. The method integrates multi-agent system and particle swarm optimization algorithm. An agent in MAPS represents a particle to particle swarm optimization and a candidate solution to the optimization problem. All agents live in a lattice-like environment, with each agent fixed on a lattice-point. In order to decrease fitness value, quickly, agents compete and cooperate with their neighbors. and they can also use knowledge. Making use of these agent interactions and evolution mechanism of particle swarm optimization. MAPS realizes the purpose or minimizing the value or objective function. MAPS applied for optimal reactive power is evaluated on an IEEE 30-bus power system. It is shown that the proposed approach converges to better solutions much faster than the earlier reported approaches.
From intention to use to actual rejection: the journey of an e-procurement system

Purpose – Technology acceptance model (TAM) has been described as one of the most influential theories in information systems (IS), but new studies have suggested that the simplicity of this theory, which helped predict users' acceptance, has actually hindered research progress on the complex issues involved and called researchers to go beyond TAM to open the black box of systems use. The purpose of this paper is to argue that TAM studies implicitly assume a linear straightforward relationship between intentions to adopt and use IS and actual use. It aims to explore this relationship and investigate the possible existence of factors that could moderate the impact of initial intentions on actual IS use.Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows the interpretive research tradition. It investigates a case of an e‐procurement system that was initially accepted for its usefulness and ease of use. The system was later rejected and not put in any significant use when it went live.Findings – Data analysis re.
Hungry for Trade: How the Poor Pay for Free Trade

* Introduction * 1. Seattle 1999 * 2. Food Security: The Causes of Insecurity * 3. Trade Liberalization * 4. International Organisations and Policies Affecting Trade and Food Security * 5. Trade Liberalization and Food Security: The Evidence * 6. Corporate Managed Trade: Patents * 7. Corporate Managed Trade: Genetically Modified Foods * 8. Putting Food Security Into Trade: NGOs Speak * 9. Conclusion: Food Security With Less Trade? * Conclusion
Toxicity of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in rabbits

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST 1), which is lethal to conventional rabbits and acts synergistically with gram-negative lipopolysaccharide. The lethal effect of TSST 1 was examined in specific-pathogen-free rabbits on the basis that these rabbits, being less colonized by gram-negative bacteria, would be less susceptible than conventional animals. Although there was no significant difference in mortality between specific-pathogen-free and conventional rabbits in response to 100 micrograms of TSST 1, there was a difference in response between Dutch belted rabbits and New Zealand white rabbits. Both specific-pathogen-free and conventional New Zealand white rabbits were more susceptible to TSST 1 than the Dutch belted strain. Pretreatment of conventional New Zealand white rabbits with polymyxin B neutralized the lethal effect of TSST 1.
An index-based secure query processing scheme for outsourced databases

This paper proposes an index-based approach for secure query processing. Due to the rapid proliferation of cloud computing services in diverse applications, such as database as a service (DBaaS), and encrypted database systems (EDBSs) have been gaining much attentions as a way to construct secure databases in DBaaS. However, most of the existing works suffer from poor performance when dealing with large data. Some works proposed index-based query processing schemes, but they have a privacy problem that the order of attribute values may be revealed from the index structure on the server. To this problem, we propose a novel secure index-based query processing scheme where the order of attribute values is not disclosed. In the scheme, the index is maintained in such a way that the structural information regarding the index and the values (or index entries) are maintained separately, and only the latter is stored in a cloud server. When searching, a client uses the structural information (without entries) to traverse the index by cooperating with cloud servers, thereby securing the order among the index entries. We prove that, in our scheme, the order among the index entries would not be disclosed even though the data and the query log are disclosed. In addition, our experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art schemes.
Building Public Trust: The Future of Corporate Reporting

Business reporting in a post-apocalypse global marketplace Clearly, now is the time for creating an effective business-reporting model appropriate for the markets of the twenty-first century. Rather than start from scratch after the Enron-Andersen fiasco, two leading consultants from PricewaterhouseCoopers present a plan that supplements the current model, one in which executives, accountants, analysts, investors, regulators, and other stakeholders can truly embrace the spirit of transparency. The Future of Corporate Reporting highlights the best practices for global financial reporting, explaining the concept of "performance auditing," which focuses on the real performance of the business as opposed to technical adherence to GAAS. Eccles and Masterson also discuss the pros and cons of GAAP v. IAS, present new approaches to reforming financial reporting, and outline a twenty-first-century model of accounting that will improve markets and benefit shareholders.
King’s Research

Cognitive interviewing (CI) provides a method of systematically collecting validity evidence of response processes for questionnaire items. CI involves a range of techniques for prompting individuals to verbalise their responses to items. One such technique is concurrent verbalisation, as developed in Think Aloud Protocol (TAP). This article investigates the value of the technique for validating questionnaire items administered to young people in international surveys. To date, the literature on TAP has focused on allaying concerns about reactivity – whether response processes are affected by thinking aloud. This article investigates another concern, namely the completeness of concurrent verbalisations – the extent to which respondents verbalise their response processes. An independent, exploratory validation of the PISA assessment of student self-efficacy in mathematics by a small international team of researchers using CI with concurrent verbalisation in four education systems (England, Estonia, Hong Kong, and the Netherlands) provided the basis for this investigation. The researchers found that students generally thought aloud in response to each of the items, thereby providing validity evidence of responses processes varying within and between the education systems, but that practical steps could be taken to increase the completeness of concurrent verbalisations in future validations.
Dedicated SNAREs and specialized TRIM cargo receptors mediate secretory autophagy

Autophagy is a process delivering cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy may, however, play a role in unconventional secretion of leaderless cytosolic proteins. How secretory autophagy diverges from degradative autophagy remains unclear. Here we show that in response to lysosomal damage, the prototypical cytosolic secretory autophagy cargo IL‐1β is recognized by specialized secretory autophagy cargo receptor TRIM16 and that this receptor interacts with the R‐SNARE Sec22b to recruit cargo to the LC3‐II+ sequestration membranes. Cargo secretion is unaffected by downregulation of syntaxin 17, a SNARE promoting autophagosome–lysosome fusion and cargo degradation. Instead, Sec22b in combination with plasma membrane syntaxin 3 and syntaxin 4 as well as SNAP‐23 and SNAP‐29 completes cargo secretion. Thus, secretory autophagy utilizes a specialized cytosolic cargo receptor and a dedicated SNARE system. Other unconventionally secreted cargo, such as ferritin, is secreted via the same pathway.
BARD1 Participates with BRCA1 in Homology-Directed Repair of Chromosome Breaks

ABSTRACT The BRCA1 tumor suppressor has been implicated in the maintenance of chromosomal stability through homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Much of the BRCA1 in cells forms a heterodimeric complex with a structurally related protein BARD1. We report that expression of truncated mouse or human BARD1 peptides capable of interacting with Brca1 results in a homologous-repair deficiency. Repair is mildly reduced in Brca1 wild-type cells and severely reduced in cells that harbor a Brca1 splice product deleted for exon 11. Nuclear localization of the Brca1 or BARD1 peptides is not compromised, implying that the repair deficiency is caused by a more direct effect on repair. The tumor suppressor activity of BRCA1 may require the participation of BARD1 to maintain chromosome integrity through the homologous-repair pathway.
Synthesis and Accumulation of αB Crystallin in C6 Glioma Cells Is Induced by Agents That Promote the Disassembly of Microtubules*

When C6 cells in culture were exposed at 37°C to 1 μM colchicine or to 1 μM colcemid, a tubulin-binding antimitotic alkaloid, levels of αB crystallin in cells began to increase after about 10 h, reaching a maximum of more than 1 μg/mg protein after 24 h. The level of αB crystallin returned to near the control level within two subsequent days of culture in the normal medium. Northern blot analysis showed that the accumulation of αB crystallin was preceded by an increase in the level of the mRNA for αB crystallin. Nuclear run-off transcription assays showed that colchicine induced new synthesis of mRNA for αB crystallin. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that αB crystallin accumulated in the peripheral areas of cells, as did the depolymerized tubulin, after several hours of treatment with colcemid, and then it gradually became more conspicuous in the cytoplasm. Vinblastine and nocodazole, which also promote the disassembly of microtubules by binding to tubulins, also induced the synthesis of αB crystallin. Furthermore, induction of αB crystallin by these drugs was observed in quiescent cells that had been cultured in serum-free medium. However, taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing antimitotic agent, did not stimulate the synthesis of αB crystallin, but rather, it suppressed the induction of synthesis of αB crystallin by the microtubule-disrupting drugs. Induction of αB crystallin by colchicine or by other drugs that promote the disassembly of microtubules was sensitive to staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinases, and the induction was completely suppressed in the presence of 10 nM staurosporine. These results suggest that the expression of αB crystallin is stimulated, via phosphorylation reactions that are sensitive to staurosporine, when the depolymerization of microtubules is enhanced.
Cases in Electronic Commerce

From the Publisher: Cases in Electronic Commerce is a collection of 25 full-length case studies written by professors at the renowned Richard Ivey School of Business. Each case study is centered around a real-world company and provides sufficient detail on the implications associated with e-commerce initiatives. This managerial-oriented approach allows students to fully understand and appreciate the strategic,tactical,and operational challenges faced when launching an e-commerce-based business.
Echoes of Bayh-Dole? A survey of IP and technology transfer policies in emerging and developing economies.

Seeking to drive economic growth within the knowledge economy, governments have increasingly sought to commercialize the results of publicly funded research. The ability to use intellectual property (IP) as a tool to encourage and facilitate commercialization hinges on three fundamental policy concerns: protection, ownership, and management capacity. This chapter surveys the policies and practices across an array of emerging and developing economies, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam. In regard to the availability of intellectual property protections, the survey finds that countries can logically be sorted into three tiers. The first tier contains the most innovative countries, those with an active intellectual property system used vigorously by domestic patentees. The second tier consists of countries actively seeking to become more innovative, with intellectual property systems that are only beginning to be used by domestic patentees. The third-tier countries are those with limited or nascent intellectual property systems and virtually no domestic patentees. Almost all first tier innovative countries, about half of second-tier countries, and no third-tier countries have formally addressed the question of intellectual property ownership through national policy. Among those that have, however, the survey finds a wide range of policy approaches used to address the question of intellectual property ownership, including patent law, labor law, government procurement or contract law, and laws governing national R&D or innovation systems, as well as rulings by ministries of science and technology or ministries of higher education. With regard to institutional intellectual property management capacity, the survey finds a very broad HANDBOOK OF BEST PRACTICES | 1
Effects of Free Riders and Incentive Discrimination on Customer Acquisition and Retention Resource Allocation

In presenting this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or publish this dissertation may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, the professor under whose direction it was written or, in his absence, by the Dean of the Robinson College of Business. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for the scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this dissertation which involves potential gain will not be allowed without written permission of the author. All dissertations deposited in the Georgia State University Library must be used only in accordance with the stipulations prescribed by the author in the preceding statement. ACCEPTANCE This dissertation was prepared under the direction of the Geng Wang Dissertation Committee. It has been approved and accepted by all members of that committee, and it has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctoral of Philosophy in Business Administration in the Robinson College of Business of Georgia State University. How should a company best allocate its spending between acquisition and retention? Under what condition should a company devote resources and money to analytics? The above questions are just examples of more general issues concerning many companies when managing their customer acquisition and retention programs. To answer the above questions, I will conduct a study on the allocation of financial resources between incentives that target different types of customers, and the allocation of resources between incentives and analytics spending. This research first distinguishes between customers and acquisition, between incentive and price discount, and between acquisition and retention. It then proposes a new concept, " free rider " , in a customer acquisition and retention context. Building on the free-rider concept, two mathematical models are formulated to examine the optimal allocation between acquisition incentive, retention incentive, and analytics spending. Closed-form solutions are reached for both models and the results are interpreted in the context of marketing practice. The conditions leading to different patterns of optimal solutions of analytics spending, acquisition incentives, and retention incentives are discussed. Specifically, the detailed conditions under which the …
Leader election in Peer-to-Peer systems

This paper considers the problem of electing a leader in dynamic peer-to-peer systems in which nodes behavior in high rate of churn. Usually the leader node is used to coordinate some tasks. Leader election influences on the performance of the system in two stages; the election operation and the result of the election as example leader's ability in making its responsibilities. Because of the Peer-to-Peer systems is high dynamic, it was focus on the first stage in order to elect the leader with high efficient method. So, the proposed algorithm is with complexity O(1). In algorithm, the election operations are dependent only on local knowledge. The correctness of the algorithm is analytically proved and its scalability and efficiency experimentally are evaluated by using simulations.
Work Values and Trust in Subordinates in International Joint Ventures in China

The paper reports on a study of International Joint Ventures (IJVs) in China. First, it provides empirical evidence on how Chinese managers in IJV s are responding to the new work environment on dimensions of work values in subordinates through comparison with their state-owned enterprise (SOE) counterparts. Second, it examines how work values influence the beliefs of managers in terms of trust in their subordinates. Key findings support our propositions.
Dreaming, Lucid Dreaming and Personality

The term "lucid dream" describes a dream during which the dreamer is aware of being in a dream while the dream is ongoing. Our investigation focused on the frequency of the lucid dream experience and its relationship to mental health, behavioural control (TPF; Becker, 1989), decision behaviour (EQS; Wolfram, 1982), and spatial abilities (3DW; Gittler, 1990). Data analysis of 89 subjects suggested that frequent lucid dreamers (n=27) differ from rare (n=33) and non-lucid dreamers (n=29) by higher scores in the scales of mental health, freedom from complaints, expansivity, autonomy and self-esteem. With regard to behavioural control, decision behaviour and spatial abilities, there were no significant differences between the three lucidity groups.
Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in U937 human cells by ultraviolet B irradiation.

Apotosisis a modeof celldeath that is involved in the control of cell populations during development, immune responses,and normal tissue homeotasis. Apoptosis is characterizedby a seriesof morphologicalchanges including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation. A biochemical hallmark of apoptosis is extensive degradation of DNA into nucleosomal units (Compton, 1992). This degradation is originated by the activation of an endogenous nuclear endonuclease that cleaves chromatin at internudeosomal regions. In contrast, necrosis is a mode of cell death characterized by increased membrane permeabilityand random degradation of DNA by lysosomal enzymes. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis may be induced by a wide range of nonphysiological stimuli including anti-cancer drugs, ionizing radiation, and hyperthermia (Barry at al. 1990). Recently, Martin and Cotter (1991) demonstrated that ultraviolet B (UV) irradiation induces extensive and rapid apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Actually, UV irradiation is used as a trigger of apoptosis to study the intracellular proteinases involved in the DNA fragmentation (Wright et al. 1994). In this report, we describe the temporal sequence of changes in nuclear morphology, cell shape, and DNA fragmentation during the process of apoptosis induced by UV irradiation in U937 cells.