Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Optics-Assisted Identification of Preferential Erythrocyte Aggregate Pathways in the Human Retinal Microvasculature

Purpose To characterize human parafoveal blood flow using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO). Methods In 5 normal subjects, erythrocyte aggregate distributions were analyzed on 3 different days. Erythrocyte aggregates were described as a “dark tail” in AO-SLO. The characteristics of the pathways with dark tail flow in the parafovea were measured. Additionally, the tendency for dark tail flow before and after bifurcations was analyzed to study the blood flow in detail. Results Average velocity in parent vessels with dark tail flow was 1.30±0.27 mm/s. Average velocity in daughter vessels with dark tail flow was 1.12±0.25 mm/s, and the average velocity of plasma gaps in daughter vessels without dark tail flow was 0.64±0.11 mm/s. Downstream from the bifurcations, the velocity in vessels with dark tail flow was higher than that in those without it (p<0.001), and the branching angles of vessels with dark tail flow were smaller than those of vessels without it (p<0.001). Conclusions Images from the AO-SLO noninvasively revealed pathways with and without dark tail flow in the human parafovea. Pathways with dark tail flow in the daughter vessels generally had faster flow and smaller bifurcation angles than daughter vessels without dark tail flow. Thus, AO-SLO is an instructive tool for analyzing retinal microcirculatory hemodynamics.
Bioassay and dose measurement in UV disinfection

A bioassay method was developed to measure the average intensity within a UV disinfection reactor. The survival of spores of Bacillus subtilis was determined as a function of UV dose to prepare a standard curve. Spores were added to unknown systems, and the survival rate was used to determine the average intensity. A modification was used for flow-through reactors by which spores were injected as a spike and collected at a known time after injection. A point source summation method for calculating intensity was verified by bioassay measurements in a simple cylinder. This calculation method was also applied to multiple-lamp reactors.
An Event-Triggered Model for Disaster Retrieval via Meta Search Interface

Disasters occur and are broadcasted by social media in our daily life. Retrieving the user-oriented relevant events in an aggregated results list through meta-search engine is a useful application. The definition and detection of events has been a hot topic in the study of natural language processing. Then gathering the disaster event information via different search interface for an event chain releasing is important. This paper designed an event-triggered model for events detection. As the emergency requirement of government as well as individual activities, disaster events detection is discussed as an example in this paper. A meta-search engine interface model is constructed with java based on the open source project Carrot2. And a H-T-E (Hazard, Trigger and Event) query expansion approach is applied in our event triggered model. The experimental results show that the proposed method can bring about increased accuracy and extra clues not supplied by commercial search engines. The solution we applied can be useful for other information supervision tasks and some issues like expecting the unexpected crisis etc. Also triggered by the project for further study.
Expanding the Kachemak: Surplus Production and the Development of Multi-Season Storage in Alaska’s Kodiak Archipelago

Surplus production is a hallmark of Alaska’s prehistoric coastal societies. Over the millennia, foragers procured greater quantities of resources with increasing efficiency, developing economies dependent upon storage and institutionalized exchange. In the central Gulf of Alaska, notable evidence of surplus production comes from the late phase of the Kachemak tradition. Since de Laguna’s pioneering studies, archaeologists have noted that intensified fishing, storage, and exchange typify this tradition. However, few have investigated the roots of these behaviors. When, how, and why did foragers begin producing well beyond immediate needs? This paper explores archaeological evidence for surplus production in the Kodiak Archipelago, focusing on patterns in land use, technology, and exchange preserved in Ocean Bay II and Early Kachemak assemblages from the Chiniak Bay region. It suggests that surplus production for the purposes of seasonal food storage began in the Early Kachemak, and accelerated in the Late Kachemak as population levels climbed.
Selection of approximation models for electromagnetic device optimization

Approximation models are frequently used in design optimization in order to reduce computational cost. Many new forms of approximation model have appeared recently, but it is difficult to know which one to choose for the problem at hand. This paper investigates a model selection strategy that estimates the accuracy of all the different approximation models under consideration, so that the most accurate one can be chosen
Het emotionele Stroopeffect van beledigingen en complimenten

Samenvatting: Vanaf de late jaren ’70 is er veel onderzoek gedaan naar de verwerking van emotionele woorden en de invloed die emotionele stoornissen op dit cognitieve proces hebben (Williams et. al., 1996). Tot nu toe is vooral de verwerking van negatieve en positieve woorden onderzocht. Voor de verwerking van complimenten en beledigingen, woorden die een categorie vormen binnen de algemeen negatieve en positieve woorden, is nog weinig aandacht geweest. Het huidige onderzoek richt zich daarom op de verwerking van beledigingen en complimenten. Hiervoor is een variant van de emotionele Strooptaak (EST) met complimenten, beledigingen en neutrale woorden gebruikt. In de emotionele Strooptaak moeten proefpersonen de inktkleur van emotionele woorden benoemen. Onderzocht werd of er een effect van angstigheid was op het emotionele Stroopeffect (ESE). Het emotionele Stroopeffect is de verstoring die de betekenis van een woord als ‘briljant’ of ‘schoft’ kan veroorzaken in de reactietijd voor het benoemen van het woord. Om mogelijke sekseverschillen te onderzoeken zijn de resultaten van de mannen vergeleken met een eerder onderzoek onder vrouwen van Mulder (2013). Uit de resultaten bleek dat mannen complimenten sneller verwerken dan neutrale woorden en beledigingen. Tussen neutrale woorden en beledigingen was geen verschil. Mannen met hoge State (op dit moment) en Trait (in het algemeen) angstigheid lieten ook een faciliterend effect zien voor complimenten. Hierin verschillen mannen van vrouwen. Bij vrouwen werd er namelijk geen effect van angstigheid op de verwerking van beledigingen en complimenten gevonden. De resultaten laten zien dat neutrale en negatieve waardeoordelen voor dezelfde mate van afleiding zorgen in de emotionele Strooptaak.
Synthesis of green IS frameworks for achieving strong environmental sustainability in organisations

People are entirely dependent on the environment for existence. In spite of this crucial dependency, human activities are degrading the Earth's environment. The degradation now threatens the wellbeing of all people and possibly the long-term survival of the human race. Environmental degradation has many dire symptoms, such as anthropogenic climate change including global warming, deforestation, water and air pollution, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and depleted fish stocks, all of which are intensified by an increasing global human population. Environmental sustainability is the solution to environmental degradation, and emphasises maintenance of the environment in order to support human life into the far future. There are several degrees of environmental sustainability, namely very weak, weak, strong, and very strong or absurdly strong. Of these, the overwhelming scientific consensus on environmental degradation necessitates strong environmental sustainability. Organisations are prevailing and prominent social structures that drive the world's economy. Nevertheless, organisations continue to degrade the environmental during the extraction of natural resources, production and processing, and the emission of wastes. However, organisations have considerable resources for achieving environmental sustainability, in the form of technology, global reach, knowledge, power, innovative capacity, motivation, and the capacity for change. Organisational change is impacted by Information systems (IS), which have been influential in enabling and transforming the world's organisations over the past fifty years. IS include information technology (IT) hardware and software, people, processes, and have specific purposes. Green IS includes Green IT, which focuses primarily on environmental sustainability throughout the IT lifecycle, and Green IS aim to enable and transform entire organisations toward environmental sustainability. Green IS present a fundamental solution to organisational environmental degradation, and researchers have developed numerous Green IS frameworks in this regard, each with a particular and significant perspective. This paper responds to the urgency of achieving strong environmental sustainability by synthesising the existing Green IS frameworks into a single Green IS framework that is purposefully aligned to strong environmental sustainability. This paper is theoretical and exploratory in nature, and makes an original contribution by providing a synthesised Green IS framework aligned to the concept of strong environmental sustainability.
Design space exploration and optimization of a Hybrid Fault-Tolerant Architecture

Fault-tolerant architectures have been widely used in industry to prevent circuit reliability from becoming a bottleneck for the development of robust high-performance and low-power systems. One such solution is a Hybrid Fault-Tolerant Architecture that offers benefits such as low power and lifetime reliability improvement. However, it has been identified that there is room of improvement in efficiency. Thus, in this paper we present design space exploration and optimization of the Hybrid Fault-Tolerant Architecture. The study involves application of four design variants to some ITC benchmark circuits as case study. Experimental results compare the initial and optimized designs and show that the proposed optimizations offer around 65% reduction in terms of area, about 55% power saving and 87% less performance overhead as compared to the initial design without any penalty of the fault tolerance capability.
C# precisely

C# is an object-oriented programming language that is similar to Java in many respects but more comprehensive and different in most details. This book offers a quick and accessible reference for anyone who wants to know C# in more detail than that provided by a standard textbook. It will be particularly useful for C# learners who are familiar with Java. This second edition has been updated and expanded, reflecting the evolution and extension of the C# programming language. It covers C# versions 3.0 and 4.0 and takes a look ahead at some of the innovations of version 5.0. In particular, it describes asynchronous programming as found in 5.0. Despite the new material, C# Precisely remains compact and easy to navigate. It describes C# in detail but informally and concisely, presenting lambda expressions, extension methods, anonymous object expressions, object initializers, collection initializers, local variable type inference, type dynamic, type parameter covariance and contravariance, and Linq (language integrated query), among other topics, all in aabout 250 pages. The book offers more than 250 examples to illustrate both common use and subtle points. Two-page spreads show general rules on the left and relevant examples on the right, maximizing the amount of information accessible at a glance.The complete, ready-to-run example programs are available at the book's Web site, http://www.itu. dk/people/sestoft/csharpprecisely/
Detecting MP3Stego using calibrated side information features

MP3Stego is a typical steganographic tool for MP3 audio, which embeds secret message into MP3 audio according to the parity of the block length. In this work, we present a steganalytic method to attack MP3Stego. The big_values inside information is considered to extract the steganalytic feature. Re-compression calibration has been applied in order to improve the feature's sensitivity. Experimental results show that the extracted feature can reflect the MP3Stego trace effectively.
Immunochemical Characterization of the Specific Sequence of URG7 Protein

URG7 is an anti-apoptotic protein which consists of 99 amino acid residues up regulated by antigen x during the HBV infection. The first 74 amino acids are identical to those of the multidrug resistance protein 6 (MRP6), while the amino acid residues from 75 to 99 are specific for URG7 protein. Immuno-informatics tools and secondary structure analysis were carried out to identify the antigenic properties of this URG7 sequence. The 75-99 peptide was synthesized by the solid-phase method, structurally characterized by CD spectroscopy and conjugated to a protein carrier. New Zealand white rabbits were immunized and sera were tested for anti-peptide specific antibodies by ELISA and western blot analysis. Finally ELISA test with human sera was performed. Rabbits immunized with the 75-99 peptide produce antibodies that recognize both the 75-99 peptide and the URG7 recombinant polypeptide. Moreover, both antigens allowed for the detection of the anti-URG7 antibodies in sera of healthy and HBV infected subjects although with a different discriminant threshold. Our data suggested that peptide ELISA assay against the specific sequence of the URG7 protein allows with good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti-URG7 antibodies in sera from HBV infected patients.
Flux invariants for shape

We consider the average outward flux through a Jordan curve of the gradient vector field of the Euclidean distance function to the boundary of a 2D shape. Using an alternate form of the divergence theorem, we show that in the limit as the area of the region enclosed by such a curve shrinks to zero, this measure has very different behaviors at medial points than at non-medial ones, providing a theoretical justification for its use in the Hamilton-Jacobi skeletonization algorithm of Siddiqi et al. (2002). We then specialize to the case of shrinking circular neighborhoods and show that the average outward flux measure also reveals the object angle at skeletal points. Hence, formulae for obtaining the boundary curves, their curvatures, and other geometric quantities of interest, can be written in terms of the average outward flux limit values at skeletal points. Thus this measure can be viewed as a Euclidean invariant for shape description: it can be used to both detect the skeleton from the Euclidean distance function, as well as to explicitly reconstruct the boundary from it. We illustrate our results with several numerical simulations.
Design and Implementation of a Cloud Enabled Random Neural Network-Based Decentralized Smart Controller With Intelligent Sensor Nodes for HVAC

Building energy management systems (BEMSs) monitor and control the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) of buildings in addition to many other building systems and utilities. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become the integral part of BEMS at the initial implementation phase or latter when retro fitting is required to upgrade older buildings. WSN enabled BEMS, however, have several challenges which are managing data, controllers, actuators, intelligence, and power usage of wireless components (which might be battery powered). The wireless sensor nodes have limited processing power and memory for embedding intelligence in the sensor nodes. In this paper, we present a random neural network (RNN)-based smart controller on a Internet of Things (IoT) platform integrated with cloud processing for training the RNN which has been implemented and tested in an environment chamber. The IoT platform is modular and not limited to but has several sensors for measuring temperature, humidity, inlet air coming from the HVAC duct and PIR. The smart RNN controller has three main components: 1) base station; 2) sensor nodes; and 3) the cloud with embedded intelligence on each component for different tasks. This IoT platform is integrated with cloud processing for training the RNN. The RNN-based occupancy estimator is embedded in sensor node which estimates the number of occupants inside the room and sends this information to the base station. The base station is embedded with RNN models to control the HVAC on the basis of setpoints for heating and cooling. The HVAC of the environment chamber consumes 27.12% less energy with smart controller as compared to simple rule-based controllers. The occupancy estimation time is reduced by our proposed hybrid algorithm for occupancy estimation that combines RNN-based occupancy estimator with door sensor node (equipped with PIR and magnetic reed switch). The results show that accuracy of hybrid RNN occupancy estimator is 88%.
A language-familiarity effect for speaker discrimination without comprehension

Significance A recent report [Perrachione TK, Del Tufo SN, Gabrieli JDE (2011) Science 333(6042):595] shows that dyslexic individuals do not show an advantage in the recognition of speakers of their own language compared with speakers of a foreign language (the well established “language-familiarity” effect) as typical subjects do, a finding that Perrachione et al. interpreted as evidence that “Human voice recognition depends on language ability. ” Here, we refine this notion by providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a language-familiarity effect in adult cross-cultural listeners with speech rendered unintelligible by time reversal. This result shows that the phonological aspects of language ability only, even without comprehension, can influence speaker discrimination. The influence of language familiarity upon speaker identification is well established, to such an extent that it has been argued that “Human voice recognition depends on language ability” [Perrachione TK, Del Tufo SN, Gabrieli JDE (2011) Science 333(6042):595]. However, 7-mo-old infants discriminate speakers of their mother tongue better than they do foreign speakers [Johnson EK, Westrek E, Nazzi T, Cutler A (2011) Dev Sci 14(5):1002–1011] despite their limited speech comprehension abilities, suggesting that speaker discrimination may rely on familiarity with the sound structure of one’s native language rather than the ability to comprehend speech. To test this hypothesis, we asked Chinese and English adult participants to rate speaker dissimilarity in pairs of sentences in English or Mandarin that were first time-reversed to render them unintelligible. Even in these conditions a language-familiarity effect was observed: Both Chinese and English listeners rated pairs of native-language speakers as more dissimilar than foreign-language speakers, despite their inability to understand the material. Our data indicate that the language familiarity effect is not based on comprehension but rather on familiarity with the phonology of one’s native language. This effect may stem from a mechanism analogous to the “other-race” effect in face recognition.
Disposition of axonal caspr with respect to glial cell membranes: Implications for the process of myelination

Neurofascin‐155 (NF155) and caspr are transmembrane proteins found at discrete locations early during development of the nervous system. NF155 is present in the oligodendrocyte cell body and processes, whereas caspr is on the axonal surface. In mature nerves, these proteins are clustered at paranodes, flanking the node of Ranvier. To understand how NF155 and caspr become localized to the paranodal regions of myelinated nerves, we have studied their distribution over time in myelinating cultures. Our observations indicate that these two proteins are recruited to the cell surface at the contact zone between axons and oligodendrocytes, where they trans‐interact. This association explains the early pattern of caspr distribution, a helical coil that winds around the axon, resembling the turns of the myelin sheath. Caspr, an axonal membrane protein, therefore seems to move in register with the overlying myelinating cell via its interactions with myelin proteins. We suggest that NF155 is the glial cell membrane protein responsible for caspr distribution. The pair act as interacting partners on either side of the axoglial contact area. Most likely, there are other proteins on the axonal surface whose distribution is equally influenced by interaction with the nascent myelin sheath. The fact that caspr follows the movement of the spiraling membrane has a direct affect on the interpretation of the way in which myelin is formed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning Optimal Card Ranking from Query Reformulation

Mobile search has recently been shown to be the major contributor to the growing search market. The key difference between mobile search and desktop search is that information presentation is limited to the screen space of the mobile device. Thus, major search engines have adopted a new type of search result presentation, known as \textit{information cards}, in which each card presents summarized results from one domain/vertical, for a given query, to augment the standard blue-links search results. While it has been widely acknowledged that information cards are particularly suited to mobile user experience, it is also challenging to optimize such result sets. Typically, user engagement metrics like query reformulation are based on whole ranked list of cards for each query and most traditional learning to rank algorithms require per-item relevance labels. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of interpreting query reformulation into effective relevance labels for query-card pairs. We inherit the concept of conventional learning-to-rank, and propose pointwise, pairwise and listwise interpretations for query reformulation. In addition, we propose a learning-to-label strategy that learns the contribution of each card, with respect to a query, where such contributions can be used as labels for training card ranking models. We utilize a state-of-the-art ranking model and demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed mechanisms on a large-scale mobile data from a major search engine, showing that models trained from labels derived from user engagement can significantly outperform ones trained from human judgment labels.
On the Higher Order Statistics of the Channel Capacity in Dispersed Spectrum Cognitive Radio Systems Over Generalized Fading Channels

This work is devoted to the study of dispersed spectrum cognitive radio (CR) systems over independent and nonidentically distributed (i.n.i.d.) generalized fading channels. More specifically, this is performed in terms of the high-order statistics (HOS) of the channel capacity over η-μ fading channels. A generic analytic expression is derived for the corresponding nth statistical moment, which is subsequently employed for deducing exact closed-form expressions for the first four moments. Using these expressions, important statistical metrics, such as the amount of dispersion, amount of fading, skewness, and kurtosis, are derived in closed form and can be efficiently used in providing insights on the performance of dispersed CR systems. The obtained numerical results reveal interesting outcomes that could be useful for the channel selection, either for sharing or aggregation in heterogeneous networks, which is the core structure of future wireless communication systems.