Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Rickettsia felis in a New World Flea Species, Anomiopsyllus nudata (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae)

Abstract The flea and rodent samples studied in this project were collected from field study sites in New Mexico from winter 1998 to spring 2001. During this period, 155 small rodents (14 different species) were live-trapped and combed for the presence of fleas. A total of 253 fleas were collected, comprising 21 species. Two of the 253 fleas collected were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for the Rickettsia 17-kDa protein gene. These two fleas were both Anomiopsyllus nudata Baker, each collected from an individual Neotoma albigula Hartley, on two occasions. Individual fleas positive for the Rickettsia 17-kDa protein gene were then tested with primers targeting the rickettsial genes for citrate synthase (gltA) and two major outer membrane proteins (ompA and ompB). The nucleotide sequences of the PCR products of these two fleas were identical to each other and were 100% (394/394), 100% (1150/1150), 99.8% (469/470), and 99.3% (818/824) similar to the corresponding sequences of the 17-kDa, gltA, ompA, and ompB genes of Rickettsia felis, respectively. Flea homogenates of individual PCR-positive fleas were inoculated into shell vials seeded with Vero cells, and the Giménez stain technique was used to demonstrate the presence of Rickettsia-like organisms in detached cells found in aspirated medium 19 d after inoculation. These cells were harvested and tested by PCR, targeting portions of the 17-kDa and gltA genes, resulting in products 100% identical to R. felis. This work comprises the first report of R. felis detection in a flea species (A. nudata) endemic to the New World.
Ekstraksi Basis Pengetahuan Ke Dalam Basisdata Graf Menggunakan Graf Property

Salah satu jenis commonsense knowledge adalah basis pengetahuan, yaitu kumpulan fakta dan informasi umum yang diketahui manusia. Basis pengetahuan yang tersedia sangat banyak, kami memilih Yago karena Yago menggabungkan beberapa sumber data menjadi sebuah ontologi. Fakta fakta ini saling terhubung sehingga representasi data graf adalah representasi data yang paling tepat untuk ini. Kita perlu melakukan ekstraksi basis pengetahuan kedalam basisdata graf supaya bisa digunakan untuk berbagai macam aplikasi lainnya. Tools basisdata graf Neo4j dipilih karena bisa melakukan penyimpanan dan pemrosesan graf dan bersifat opensource. Algoritma GPE digunakan untuk melakukan ekstraksi basis pengetahuan kedalam basisdata graf. Penelitian yang kami lakukan menghasilkan sebuah basisdata graf dengan jumlah node : 6.519. 734 dan edge yang dihasilkan 18.724. 395. Pengujian menggunakan query dengan berbagai permasalahan graf berhasil dilakukan dan memberikan hasil yang diharapkan
Design Space Exploration of Next-Generation HPC Machines

The landscape of High Performance Computing (HPC) system architectures keeps expanding with new technologies and increased complexity. With the goal of improving the efficiency of next-generation large HPC systems, designers require tools for analyzing and predicting the impact of new architectural features on the performance of complex scientific applications at scale. We simulate five hybrid (MPI+OpenMP) applications over 864 architectural proposals based on state-of-the-art and emerging HPC technologies, relevant both in industry and research. This paper significantly extends our previous work with MUltiscale Simulation Approach (MUSA) enabling accurate performance and power estimations of large-scale HPC systems. We reveal that several applications present critical scalability issues mostly due to the software parallelization approach. Looking at speedup and energy consumption exploring the design space (i.e., changing memory bandwidth, number of cores, and type of cores), we provide evidence-based architectural recommendations that will serve as hardware and software co-design guidelines.
Communication: thermodynamics of condensed matter with strong pressure-energy correlations.

We show that for any liquid or solid with strong correlation between its NVT virial and potential-energy equilibrium fluctuations, the temperature is a product of a function of excess entropy per particle and a function of density, T = f(s)h(ρ). This implies that (1) the system's isomorphs (curves in the phase diagram of invariant structure and dynamics) are described by h(ρ)/T = Const. , (2) the density-scaling exponent is a function of density only, and (3) a Grüneisen-type equation of state applies for the configurational degrees of freedom. For strongly correlating atomic systems one has h(ρ) = ∑(n)C(n)ρ(n/3) in which the only non-zero terms are those appearing in the pair potential expanded as ν(r) = ∑(n)ν(n)r(-n). Molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones type systems confirm the theory.
Effect of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonists MK-801 and Ketamine on the Spastic Han-Wistar Mutant: A Rat Model of Excitotoxicity

The neuroprotective effects of the NMDA antagonists MK-801 and ketamine were analyzed in a mutant strain of Han-Wistar rats which develop neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Previous experiments have shown that the progressive neuronal degeneration observed in this mutant may be the result of a dysfunctional glutamatergic system. For MK-801 studies, mutants were injected in a chronic paradigm with (+)MK-801 or its weaker acting isomer (–)MK-801 at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Ketamine studies consisted of both acute (50 mg/kg once) and chronic (10 mg/kg multiple times) injection paradigms. MK-801-treated mutants exhibited longer life spans (8–23%) compared to saline-injected mutants. Ketamine-injected mutants in both paradigms also lived slightly longer (6–9%) than the saline mutants. Motor skill deterioration was monitored in an open-field test, and after 50 days of age the MK-801 and ketamine mutants displayed over 20% greater motor skill activity than the saline mutants. In the cerebellum, mutants treated with ketamine and both forms of MK-801 had 10–20% more Purkinje cells surviving at 55 days than the saline mutants. Further, the density of CA3c pyramidal hippocampal neurons in ketamine and MK-801-treated mutants as compared to saline mutants appeared to be greater upon qualitative analysis. This study shows that these mutants derive some protective effects from the NMDA antagonists MK-801 and ketamine, confirming glutamate-induced excitotoxicity as a possible cause of neuronal degeneration in this mutant strain of rat.
Parameter Estimation: The Proper Way to Use Bayesian Posterior Processes with Brownian Noise

This paper studies a problem of Bayesian parameter estimation for a sequence of scaled counting processes whose weak limit is a Brownian motion with an unknown drift. The main result of the paper is that the limit of the posterior distribution processes is, in general, not equal to the posterior distribution process of the mentioned Brownian motion with the unknown drift. Instead, it is equal to the posterior distribution process associated with a Brownian motion with the same unknown drift and a different standard deviation coefficient. The difference between the two standard deviation coefficients can be arbitrarily large. The characterization of the limit of the posterior distribution processes is then applied to a family of stopping time problems. We show that the proper way to find asymptotically optimal solutions to stopping time problems w.r. t. ~the scaled counting processes is by looking at the limit of the posterior distribution processes rather than by the naive approach of looking at the limit of the scaled counting processes themselves. The difference between the performances can be arbitrarily large.
Synchrotron radiation-based microtomography of alveolar support tissues.

OBJECTIVES To study the alveolar support structures using synchrotron radiation (SR)-based microtomography with particular focus on the alveolar surface. DESIGN High-resolution microtomography of jaw segments of various species and subsequent three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Microtomography was performed at the DORIS-ring of the synchrotron facility of HASYLAB/DESY in Hamburg, Germany. The samples consisted of human, simian and porcine jaw segments. RESULTS With SR being monochromatic, no beam-hardening artifacts could occur and the grey values in the scans were therefore directly related to the local tissue densities. Apart from the mineralized tissues, the beam energy was low enough to allow for the visualization of soft tissues like the fibers of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and blood vessels. 3D reconstructions of the alveolar bone showed that it can be rough and sharply edged. Furthermore, an intricate network of marrow cavities and blood vessels penetrates its surface. Differences in the local grey value distribution in the alveolar bone pointed to remodeling activity in the close vicinity of the PDL. CONCLUSION The assumption that the alveolar bone surface is smooth and continuous is not correct. This means that even small orthodontic loads can already give rise to high local stresses and strains in the bone and thus initiate remodeling processes.
Angle Measurements during 2D and 3D Movements of a Rigid Body Model of Lower Limb - Comparison between Integral-based and Quaternion-based Methods

Angle measurement system using inertial sensors was developed by our research group, in which lower limb angles were calculated based on the integral of angular velocity using Kalman filter. The angle calculation method was shown to be practical in measurement of angles in the sagittal plane during gait of healthy subjects. In this paper, in order to realize practical measurements of 3 dimensional (3D) movements with inertial sensors, the integral-based and the quaternion-based methods were tested in measurement of 2D movements in the sagittal plane and 3D movements of rigid body models of lower limb. The tested three calculation methods, extended integral-based method, quaternion-based method proposed in this study and simplified previous quaternion-based method, were suggested to measure the 2D movements with high measurement accuracy. It was also suggested that there were no large difference in measurement of 2D and 3D movements between 3 methods. Visualization by stick figure animation of circumduction gait simulated by a healthy subject also suggested that the angle calculation methods can be useful. It is expected to improve measurement accuracies of 3D movements to those of 2D movements.
Essays on human capital formation in developing countries

This thesis consists of a short introduction and three self-contained analytical chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the question of learning gaps and divergence in achievement across countries. I use unique child-level panel data from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam to ask at what ages do gaps between different populations emerge, how they increase or decline over time, and what the proximate determinants of this divergence are. I document that learning gaps between the four countries are already evident at the age of 5 years and grow throughout the age trajectory of children, preserving country ranks from 5 to 15 years of age. At primary school age, the divergence between Vietnam and the other countries is largely accounted for by substantially greater learning gains per year of schooling. Chapter 2 focuses on learning differences between private and government school students in India. I present the first value-added models of learning production in private and government schools in this context, using panel data from Andhra Pradesh. I examine the heterogeneity in private school value-added across different subjects, urban and rural areas, medium of instruction, and across age groups. Further, I also estimate private school effects on children's self-efficacy and agency. I find modest or insignificant causal effects of attending private schools in most test domains other than English and on children's academic self-concept and agency. Results on comparable test domains and age groups correspond closely with, and further extend, estimates from a parallel experimental evaluation. Chapter 3 uses panel data from the state of Andhra Pradesh in India to estimate the impact of the introduction of a national midday meal program on anthropometric z-scores of primary school students, and investigates whether the program ameliorated the deterioration of health in young children caused by a severe drought. Correcting for self-selection into the program using a non-linearity in how age affects the probability of enrollment, we find that the program acted as a safety net for children, providing large and significant health gains for children whose families suffered from drought.
Detection and subtyping of human herpesvirus-8 in renal transplant patients before and after remission of Kaposi's sarcoma.

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a complication of renal transplantation. If the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) causes KS, the virus should be present in all KS lesions and be drastically reduced or cleared from involved tissue on remission of the KS. METHODS Fourteen renal transplant patients with cutaneous KS, including autopsy material from two cases, were investigated for the presence of HHV-8. A second skin biopsy was taken from 11 survivors, after remission of KS, from normal skin in the same anatomical region as the first biopsy. Remission was induced by reduction or cessation of immunosuppression. A peripheral blood sample was collected simultaneously with the repeat biopsy. A nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect HHV-8 DNA in the biopsy tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction product to detect any nucleotide changes. RESULTS HHV-8 DNA was detected in all the cutaneous KS and all the visceral KS samples, as well as a number of KS-free organs including the thyroid, salivary gland, and myocardium that have not been described before. Mutations in the viral DNA could be demonstrated in all patients. The mutations found were related more to that seen in AIDS-KS cases than that found in African endemic KS cases. HHV-8 sequences could be detected in follow-up frozen skin biopsies of five patients but were negative in the equivalent formalin-fixed specimens. Viral DNA was also detected in 2 of 11 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected at the time of the follow-up skin biopsies. CONCLUSION Reduction or withdrawal of immunosuppression allows the immune system to recover sufficiently to reduce viral replication with subsequent viral persistence and low grade viral replication that coincides with clinical remission of the KS lesions. This provides further evidence for the important etiological role played by HHV-8 in the pathogenesis of posttransplant KS.
Relaxing DRAM refresh rate through access pattern scheduling: A case study on stencil-based algorithms

The main memory in today's systems is based on DRAMs, which may offer low cost and high density storage for large amounts of data but it comes with a main drawback; DRAM cells need to be refreshed frequently for retaining the stored data. The refresh rate in modern DRAMs is set based on the worst-case retention time without considering access statistics, thereby resulting in very frequent refresh operations. Such high refresh rate leads eventually to large power and performance overheads, which are increasing with higher DRAM densities. However, such high refresh rates may not even required due to extremely low probability of the actual occurrence of the assumed worst-case scenarios, or due to the implicit refresh operation that occur during every memory access, a feature that has not been yet been studied in depth. In this paper, we enhance the state-of-the-art by systematically exploiting the implicit refresh of memory access for relaxing the refresh rate, while minimizing the resulting memory errors. This is achieved by modifying the algorithmic parameters that influence the access patterns such that all stored data are being touched within a target time interval that is necessary for meeting a target error rate. The proposed method is applied to stencil-based algorithms which represent a wide class of algorithms used in numerical analysis, image processing and cellular automata applications. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated on an off-the-shelf server running a fully fledged Linux OS and results show that it is even possible to completely disable DRAM refresh with minor quality loss.
Nucleic Acid Immunizations

This unit provides protocols for two broadly used methods of DNA immunization: saline injections and gene gun deliveries of DNA. Saline injections deliver DNA into extracellular spaces; gene gun deliveries bombard DNA directly into cells. Support protocols present methods for preparation of DNA‐coated gold beads, creation of cartridges containing these beads, and optimization of gene gun parameters. Issues relating to plasmid vectors, DNA preparation and doses, and immunization regimens are also discussed. Expression library immunizations, genetic and conventional adjuvants, alternative boosts, neonatal immunizations, and approaches to mucosal delivery of DNA are covered in the commentary.
Pharmacognostic and Physicochemical Studies of Theobroma cacao bean husk in Cuba

The purpose of this article is to define What Is Critical Thinking? Complex Thinking and what the creative training and development related to Critical Thinking. Also, the article emphasizes the role of Critical Thinking in developing Public health awareness and how as the public should understand the main concept of critical thinking. Critical thinking is the objective analysis of truths to form a ruling. The topic is compound, and there are numerous different meanings which usually include the lucid, skeptical, impartial analysis or assessment of truthful indication (1). Critical thinking calls for the aptitude to know problems, to find practical means for meeting those glitches comprehend the importance of ordering and order of superiority in problem resolving, fold and marshal relevant information, Know unspecified assumptions and standards, understand and use language with correctness, clearness, and judgment, understand data, to assess indication and assess influences, know the life of rational relationships between proposals, put to exam the assumptions and simplifications at which one reaches, rebuild one's patterns of politics on the basis of broader experience and reduce precise rulings about specific things and qualities in everyday life.
The Influence of National Culture on Information Technology Development, Implementation, and Support Challenges in China and the United States

ABSTRACT Rapidly changing information technology challenges information technology management throughout the world. In-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and assertiveness dimensions of national culture distinguish Chinese and U.S. culture. Vendor competitiveness, management confusion, incompatibility, poor quality, and training demands describe the challenges. Data from 91 Chinese and 246 American information technology managers revealed that U.S. information technology organizations experience more unexpected work, delays, and costs from management confusion and poor quality. Vendor competitiveness leads to management confusion, incompatibility, and poor quality in both cultures. However, only poor quality leads to training demands in China while management confusion, incompatibility, and poor quality do in the United States.
Person Re-Identification with Deep Features and Transfer Learning

Person re-identification is an important technique towards automatic search of a person's presence in a surveillance video. Two fundamental problems are critical for person re-identification:feature representation and metric learning. At present, there are many methods in the study of person re-identification, which has achieved remarkable results. Due to the difference of the data distribution in different scenarios, the performance of the person re-identification in the new scene is significantly decreased. In order to avoid the tedious manual annotation, and to make full use of the original detector and labeled samples, the research of person re-identification based on transfer learning has received more and more attention. Existing approaches adopt a fixed metric for matching all the subjects. In this work, we propose a Feature Net (FN) architecture with Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) to learn the pedestrian feature, reserved more useful information. And use Cosine distance to measure the each image pair's similarity directly which is more efficient but uncomplicated than others. Our method can be applied to different scenarios and improved the recognition performance. Experiments on the challenging datasets show the effectiveness of our methods, especially on cuhk03 dataset, we achieve the state-of-the-art result.
Effect of Supplementing Corn or Hay to Beef Cattle Consuming Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on Performance and Nutrient Utilization

Abstract Rude, B.J., Hanson, K.C. and Tucker, W.B. 2002. Effect of supplementing corn or hay to beef cattle consuming annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on performance and nutrient utilization. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 21: 35–48. To evaluate the performance and nutrient utilization of cattle consuming annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), two trials were conducted. Trial 1: 36 heifers (278±6.7 kg) grazed ryegrass for 140 days during year one and 56 days during year two. Six paddocks and three treatments (1) no supplement; (2) cracked corn supplemented three times per week to provide an average of 1.1 kg/heifer day and (3) ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay were utilized (2 paddocks per treatment). No differences (P>0.05) were detected for nutrient composition of ryegrass or for dry matter intake between the paddocks. Weight gains were similar (P>0.05) across treatments for the first 3 periods (year one). Total gains were slower (P<0.05) for heifers not supplemented and those receiving corn compared to those supplemented with hay. Only during period 3 heifers receiving hay had less (P<0.05) blood urea N than those not supplemented or receiving corn. Trial 2: 12 steers (264±10.7 kg) were fed ryegrass soilage in individual metabolism crates and assigned to the same three treatments except that hay in treatment 3 was restricted, to three times per week to provide an average of 1.1 kg/steer day. Total dry matter intake was similar (P>0.05) among treatments; however, ryegrass dry matter intake was less (P<0.05) for steers consuming hay than corn or no supplement. Apparent dry matter, neutral- and acid-detergent fibre digestibilities were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. Apparent organic matter and energy digestibility was greater (P<0.05) for steers not supplemented, than steers consuming hay or corn. Apparent protein digestibility was greater (P<0.05) for steers not supplemented than for those consuming corn. Supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) protein or energy utilization. In summary, providing hay to cattle consuming ryegrass increased gains, but did not alter protein digestion or utilization. By contrast, providing corn to cattle consuming ryegrass did not increase gains above that of unsupplemented cattle. Moreover, com supplementation decreased protein digestibility.