Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cover Crops on Insect Pests and Predators in Conservation Tillage Cotton

Abstract In fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. , in Tift County, Georgia. The objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. The five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, Secale cereale L. , a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. , a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, Trifolium michelianum Savi; crimson clover; and hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; 4) a legume mixture + rye combination; and 5) no cover crop in conventionally tilled fields. Three main groups or species of pests were collected in cover crops and cotton: 1) the heliothines Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); 2) the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); and 3) stink bugs. The main stink bugs collected were the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.); the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say); and the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say). Cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, were collected only on cotton. For both years of the study, the heliothines were the only pests that exceeded their economic threshold in cotton, and the number of times this threshold was exceeded in cotton was higher in control cotton than in crimson clover and rye cotton. Heliothine predators and aphidophagous lady beetles occurred in cover crops and cotton during both years of the experiment. Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), and red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren were relatively the most abundant heliothine predators observed. Lady beetles included the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville; the sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. ; spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer); and the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Density of G. punctipes was higher in cotton fields previously planted in crimson clover compared with control cotton fields for all combined sampling dates in 2001. Intercropping cotton in live strips of cover crop was probably responsible for the relay of G. punctipes onto cotton in these crimson clover fields. Density of O. insidiosus was not significantly different between cover crop and control cotton fields. Lady beetles seemed to relay from cover crops into cotton. Conservation of the habitat of fire ants during planting probably was responsible for the higher density of red imported fire ants observed in all conservation tillage cotton fields relative to control cotton fields. Reduction in the number of times in which economic thresholds for heliothines were exceeded in crimson clover and rye compared with control fields indicated that the buildup of predaceous fire ants and G. punctipes in these cover crops subsequently resulted in reduction in the level of heliothines in conservation tillage cotton with these cover crops compared with conventional tillage cotton without cover crops.
Do Institutional Investors Have an Information Advantage

Most comparisons of institutional and individual investor performance are limited to investor subgroups over different sample periods. We use a novel dataset of portfolio holdings and transactions to compare the stock picking talents of individual and institutional investors. Using the complete trading history of all stocks listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange over the 1999-2003 period, we find no evidence that institutions have superior information about the direction of future stock prices. The annualized risk-adjusted returns for individuals and institutions, at -0.08% and -0.45%, are not significant. Our results call into question the informational benefits of delegated portfolio management.
Profiting from Trade in Pharmaceuticals through Market Co-Creation and ?Open Innovation?: How can TRIPS (and ACTA) help foster trade

We explore conditions under which multinational pharmaceutical companies (MNPCs) can profit from their cross-border operations, by collaborating and competing (co-opeting) with local companies in emerging economies. The proposed collaboration takes the form of market co-creation and an ? open-innovation? -type model. This complements more conventional competitive strategies, such as acquisitions of local firms by MNPCs. In order to support our argument, we adopt cooperative game theory and submit-employ the assumption, that firms in developing-emerging countries can increase the size of the market, through their possession of complementary assets and capabilities, to those of the ? developed? countries. In such a case, we show that collaboration between firms in the two sets of countries of the ? open innovation? -type, that fosters market co-creation, can also foster trade, thereby allowing both firms and nations to profit. We also show how provisions from TRIPS, (and more recently ACTA), can be leveraged to foster the collaborative outcome.
Safety and utility of acute electroconvulsive therapy for agitation and aggression in dementia

Agitation and aggression are among the most frequent and disruptive behavioral complications of dementia that contribute to increased cost of care, hospitalization, caregiver burden, and risk of premature institutionalization. This current study examined the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment for behavioral disturbances in dementia. We hypothesized that ECT would result in reduced agitated and aggressive behaviors between baseline and discharge.
Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension in Patients after Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVENitric oxide (NO), one of the most powerful endogenous vasodilators, is thought to play a major role in the development of delayed vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the role of the production of cerebral NO in patients with SAH is not known. In other SAH studies, NO metabolites such as nitrite and nitrate have been demonstrated to be decreased in cerebrospinal fluid and in plasma. METHODSIn this study, a microdialysis probe was used, along with a multiparameter sensor, to measure NO metabolites, brain tissue oxygen tension, brain tissue carbon dioxide tension, and pH in the cortex of patients with severe SAH who were at risk for developing secondary brain damage and vasospasm. NO metabolites, glucose, and lactate were analyzed in the dialysates to determine the time course of NO metabolite changes and to test the interrelationship between the analytes and clinical variables. RESULTSBrain tissue oxygen tension was strongly correlated to dialysate nitrate and nitrite (r2 = 0.326;P < 0.001); however, no correlation was noted between brain tissue oxygen tension and NO metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (r2 = 0.018;P = 0.734). No significant correlation between NO production, brain tissue carbon dioxide tension, and dialysate glucose and lactate was observed. CONCLUSIONCerebral ischemia and compromised substrate delivery are often responsible for high morbidity rates and poor outcomes after SAH. The relationship between brain tissue oxygen and cerebral NO metabolites that we demonstrate suggests that substrate delivery and NO are linked in the pathophysiology of vasospasm after SAH.
Comparisons between the Load Models with Considering Distribution Network Directly or Indirectly

In order to consider the effect of the distribution network on the load modeling, a synthesis load model (SLM) including the power load and the distribution network has been proposed. Using SLM, the accuracy of the load modeling can be improved. At the same time, a strategy of the parameter estimation of the SLM is proposed in this paper. The proposed parameter estimation strategy is based on the combination of the component based and the measurement based load modeling method. During parameter estimation, only the parameters playing very important roles in the dynamics of the composite load model are estimated, while the other parameters playing limited role are set as the default values which is obtained by the component based method. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is verified by the load modeling based on the field measurements.
LYMPHOKINES AND THROMBOSIS

Supernatants from Con-A stimulated human lymphocytes containing leucocyte migration inhibitory activity were measured for thrombocyte aggregation activity and for influence on thrombocyte rich plasma clot retraction and whole blood clot retraction. The lymphocyte released activity of the supernatants produced thrombocyte aggregation and an acceleration of clot retraction. The activity resisted heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and was inactivated at 80 degrees C for 30 min. The active substance seems to have a molecular weight above 10,000 daltons. The findings suggest that thrombotic processes associated with cell-mediated (type IV) immune inflammation could be due, at least partially, to lymphokine effects on thrombocytes.
Transparent Disclosure and Fraud Risk: Evaluating Investors’ Responses to Red Flags

Prior research indicates that fraud firms, relative to their non-fraud competitors, exhibit abnormal inconsistencies between financial and nonfinancial measures (NFM red flags) in their 10-Ks prior to the detection of fraud. NFM red flags, compared to financial red flags (e.g., accrual red flag), may be more easily interpreted by nonprofessional investors and, as such, be useful in protecting these investors from fraudulent investments. However, NFM red flags are not typically transparent to investors, as NFMs (e.g., number of employees, stores, products) tend to be dispersed throughout a 10-K. We examine whether increased transparency in the comparison of financial measures and NFMs influences investors’ reactions to the risk of fraudulent financial reporting. Participants in our experimental study receive financial statement information for a hypothetical firm that exhibits a substantial inconsistency between net income and cash flow from operations. We manipulate the presence of an NFM red flag and the transparency of the comparison of financial measures and NFMs. When both the accrual and NFM red flag are present (i.e., higher fraud risk firm), investors choose significantly lower investment levels when presented with a transparent comparison of financial measures and NFMs. When both financial and NFM red flags are present but not transparent (as is the case in the current reporting environment), investors continue to invest in firms where losses from fraud are more likely. Our results illustrate that increased transparency in the comparison of financial measures and NFMs can help protect investors from fraudulent investments.
An econometric analysis of the effect of financial sector reform and monetary policy on Nigerian economy

This study examines the effect of financial sector reform and monetary policy on Nigeria economy. The study used Nigeria time series data from 1980 to 2012 and employed econometric technique in its analysis by regressing Credit allocation to Private Sector, Liquidity Ratio and Interest Rate on Gross Domestic Product. It was found out that all variables truly affect Gross Domestic Product both in the short and long-run. The causality test shows that only Credit Allocation to Private Sector and Interest Rate caused Gross Domestic Product while the other variable is caused by Gross Domestic Product. The study concludes that the reform measures were not inherently defective and that the management of the reform process skillfully would go a long-way in achieving the goals of the monetary and fiscal authorities and the country at large. It is then recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria should make efforts to stabilize prices, discourage fiscal indiscipline, reduce inflation and stabilize exchange rates. Government should ensure proper integration and implementation of financial sector and monetary policies that would increase the flow of investible funds to the private sectors and improves the capacity of banks to extend credit to the prospective investors at a low interest rate. Monetary authority should also ensure healthy competition in the banking industry. Finally, Strong macroeconomic policies should be pursued to maintain and stabilize the economy by laying down strict prudential rules and regulations to stabilize and strengthen the banking industry.
MALTSEV ON TOP MIKLÓS MARÓTI Abstract

Let A be an idempotent algebra, α ∈ ConA such that A/α has few subpowers, and m be a fixed natural number. There is a polynomial time algorithm that can transform any constraint satisfaction problem over A with relations of arity at most m into an equivalent problem which is m consistent and in which each domain is inside an α block. Consequently if the induced algebras on the blocks of α generate an SD(∧) variety, then CSP(A) is tractable.
A Novel Balanced Third and Fourth Harmonic Self-Oscillating Mixer with High Conversion Gain

In this paper, a third and fourth harmonic FET self-oscillating mixer (SOM) operating at 5.8 GHz and 7.6 GHz, respectively, with high measured conversion gain (8.75 dB) is presented for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The proposed structure is fully balanced to provide inherent RF-LO isolation and suppression of harmonics and AM noise, but it does not require complex and space-intensive input baluns
UK guideline for the use of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Following Sexual Exposure, 2015

We present the updated British Association for Sexual Health and HIV guidelines for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE). This document includes a review of the current data to support the use of PEPSE, considers how to calculate the risks of infection after a potential exposure, and provides recommendations on when PEPSE should and should not be considered. We also review which medications to use for PEPSE, provide a checklist for initial assessment, and make recommendations for monitoring individuals receiving PEPSE. Special scenarios, cost-effectiveness of PEPSE, and issues relating to service provision are also discussed. Throughout the document, the place of PEPSE within the broader context of other HIV prevention strategies is considered.
Capacity Study of a Multiple Element Antenna Configuration in an Indoor Wireless Channel at 60 GHz

This paper studies the capacity of an indoor wireless system operating at 60 GHz using a physical channel model that incorporates multiple elements at both antenna terminals. The proposed channel model utilizes the geometric characteristics of the environment, the angle of arrival and angle of departure of each one of the propagation paths, the antenna elements and their spacing. The results showed that the system capacity increases significantly if SIMO, MISO or MIMO configuration is utilized instead of the basic SISO channel. The capacity decreases, as the distance between the terminals increase. In the 90% of the cases the capacity remains above 4.3 b/s/Hz, even when the receiver is 15 m away from the base station. Finally, very high data rates, can be achieved maintaining low SNR.
Supply chain management in emerging market economies: a review of the literature and analysis of the Russian grocery retail sector

There exists a vast amount of research concerning Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in developed countries; with most of the papers considering the implementation of new IT systems and tightly coordinated as well as centralised retailâ€“manufacturer supply chains. However, population rich as well as rapidly developing emerging markets have gained less attention. According to our literature survey, most of the published journal articles in this area concentrate on Asia or Latin America. Interestingly, research related to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) is very meagre and less contemporary, although these countries have a fairly large population base near to Europe, and are demonstrating rapidly increasing wealth. In the empirical part of this paper, we show the results of a qualitative content analysis of 330 selected articles from leading Russian language business news, and enlarge the examination of key players with second-hand financial and business data. Based on empirical data analysis, we argue that the retail sector faces increasing pressure regarding restructuring, the management of growth and the implementation of modern retail management concepts. We also identified the internationalisation of this sector by German, French and Turkish-based companies. However, domestic retail companies are also making interesting moves in terms of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and acquisitions.
Radar imaging by using GTD near-field model and antenna array-factor

In this paper, we present radar image constructing method using the AF theoretical and measured near-field of simple model such as 2-dimensional conducting strip and corner reflector. SAR algorithm is generally adequate in far and even if near-region. Therefore, antenna aperture length is not necessary to be so long for target in near region, simple and practical AF method alternatively becomes valid. This situation indicates surface penetrating radar such as mine-finding or wall-through sensor. Fortunately near-field modelling is not so difficult by using Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) or Uniform Asymptotic Theory of Diffraction (UAT) if target shape is simple. We show 2-dimensional model, for simplicity, using GTD/UAT and construct its image using AF and DAS algorithm for short range radar. As expected, examining theoretical and experimental results are so interesting. When span distance between radar and target is in near and Fresnel region AF-DAS image is more explicit than SAR and in far region both images are almost similar. In addition, by employing GTD/UAT near-field model, obtained image becomes to be clearer compared with far-field model.
Impaired Visual Recognition Memory Predicts Alzheimer's Disease in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: In the common form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles, which are associated with cognitive dysfunction, initially develop in the anterior subhippocampal (perirhinal/entorhinal) cortex before reaching the hippocampus. This area plays a key role in visual recognition memory (VRM). Impaired VRM could therefore be an early marker of AD. Methods: An extensive neuropsychological assessment including VRM tasks was performed in 26 patients with single-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment at baseline. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of neuropsychological tests using ROC curve analyses in a prospective longitudinal study until conversion to probable AD or with a follow-up of at least 6 years. Results: VRM performance predicted conversion to AD with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90.9%. Combining the assessment of VRM with a verbal memory task increased diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Cognitive ‘biomarkers' evaluating the function of brain areas that are the target of degenerative change should be considered for the early diagnosis of AD.
INSURANCE FRAUD THROUGH COLLUSION BETWEEN POLICYHOLDERS AND CAR DEALERS: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Pierre PICARD

We analyze, from theoretical and empirical standpoints, how insurance distribution channels may a§ect fraud when policyholders and service providers collude. The empirical analysis focuses on the Taiwan automobile insurance market. Striking forms of claims manipulation exist in this market: opportunistic policyholders tend to manipulate claim dates to reduce the burden of deductibles and to take advantage of the bonus-malus mechanism. We focus our attention on the role of dealer-owned agents (DOAs), since they have informational and bargaining advantages when faced with insurers and may be tempted to encourage collusion between their car repairers and policyholders. We develop an optimal contract model with claim auditing, where contracts are sold either through DOAs or through standard independent agents, and where policyholders and car repairers may collude to manipulate claims. We also use a database from the largest Taiwanese insurance company to test for the relevance of theoretical predictions. In particular, we verify that fraud occurs through the postponing of claims to the end of the policy year, possibly by Oling one single claim for several events, and we show that the fraud rate is larger among policyholders who purchase insurance through the DOA channel than among other policyholders.
Cheaters sometimes prosper: targeted worker reproduction in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies during swarming

Kin selection theory predicts that honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers should largely refrain from producing their own offspring, as the workers collectively have higher inclusive fitness if they rear the sons of their mother, the queen. Studies that have quantified levels of ovary activation and reproduction among workers have largely supported this prediction. We sampled pre‐emergent male pupae and adult workers from seven colonies at regular intervals throughout the reproductive part of the season. We show that the overall contribution of workers to male (drone) production is 4.2%, nearly 40 times higher than is generally reported, and is highest during reproductive swarming, when an average of 6.2% of the males genotyped are worker‐produced. Similarly, workers in our samples were 100 times more likely to have active ovaries than previously assumed. Worker reproduction is seasonally influenced and peaks when colonies are rearing new queens. Not all worker subfamilies contribute equally to reproduction. Instead, certain subfamilies are massively over‐represented in drone brood. By laying eggs within the period in which many colonies produce virgin queens, these rare worker subfamilies increase their direct fitness via their well‐timed sons.
Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots

A. Musial,1,2,* P. Gold,3 J. Andrzejewski,1 A. Loffler,3 J. Misiewicz,1 S. Hofling,3,4 A. Forchel,3 M. Kamp,3 G. Sek,1 and S. Reitzenstein2,3 1Institute of Physics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 2Institute of Solid State Physics, Berlin University of Technology, Hardenbergstrase 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany 3Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Wurzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany 4School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS St. Andrews, United Kingdom (Received 15 April 2014; revised manuscript received 28 June 2014; published 31 July 2014)