Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and agency in academic spin-off creation: A retrospective roadmapping approach to characterize entrepreneurs' mental models

Strategic management research (SMR) has provided some of the main theoretical foundations to the study of academic spin-offs (ASO). The influence of SMR's rooted conception of firm performance as resulting from the structure-and-agency duality is clear on this nascent field's specialized literature. Nevertheless, specific characteristics of agency, of structure and of their interplay during ASO creation are still under-researched - though potentially relevant to understand and explain spin-offs' heterogeneity. Thus, this paper presents a cognitive approach used to characterize this duality in the spin-off process, as perceived by entrepreneurs. Reported findings are the first results of the initial case study of an on-going multiple-case comparative research. This initial investigation is being conducted in an embryonic Brazilian high-technology academic spin-off focused on developing products from carbon nanotubes to various industrial applications, such as fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries. A hybrid version of cognitive mapping and retrospective roadmapping was used as a data collection and modeling technique. Envisaging theory development, evidence-based propositions were derived from results in order to be further investigated by future works. Though partial, these initial findings - and the way they were obtained - may already represent a theoretical - and methodological - contribution to the advancement of this technology management research strand.
Aberrant promoter methylation of Dab2 gene in myelodysplastic syndrome

Human Disabled‐2 (Dab2), a putative tumor suppressor gene, is frequently down‐regulated in human tumors. This study aims to explore the association between Dab2 methylation status and expression in newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and patients who received 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (decitabine) treatment, so as to determine the effect of Dab2 in the pathogenesis of MDS.
Naltrexone-induced upregulation of mu opioid receptors on 7315c cell and brain membranes: enhancement of opioid efficacy in inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.

The effect of chronic naltrexone administration on the expression of mu opioid receptors on 7315c tumor cells was examined. Osmotic minipumps containing either saline or naltrexone were subcutaneously implanted into Buffalo rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with 7315c cells. Fourteen days after the pumps were implanted, 7315c tissue and brain tissue were removed and examined for their ability to bind [3H]DAMGO and to respond to morphine (or DAMGO) and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) in an adenylyl cyclase assay. Naltrexone treatment caused a doubling in the density of [3H]DAMGO binding sites in both whole brain membranes and the 7315c cell membranes. Naltrexone treatment may have slightly diminished the affinity of mu opioid receptors for [3H]DAMGO (by 1.5- to 2-fold), but the precision of the assay was inadequate to determine whether this difference was significant. Naltrexone treatment also had no effect on the potency or efficacy of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) in diminishing [3H]DAMGO binding to either whole brain or 7315c cell membranes. The influence of naltrexone treatment on opioid inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity was also investigated in both tissues. In 7315c membranes, naltrexone treatment caused a 40% increase in the efficacy (maximal effect) of morphine but had no effect on the potency (IC50) of morphine in inhibiting forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. In whole brain membranes from control rats, DAMGO failed to affect significantly forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase. However, in whole brain membranes from naltrexone-treated rats, DAMGO caused a 30% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Prevalence of and factors related to depression in high school students].

OBJECTIVE The study aimed at investigating the prevalence of and factors related to depression in high school students. METHOD A total of 805 (n = 367 girls; n = 438 boys) first year students from three high schools in the city of Aydin filled in a self-report questionnaire that contained questions about socio-demographics, academic achievement and religious belief. It included also a depression rating scale, social support scale, problem solving inventory and an assertiveness scale. T-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson moment products correlation coefficients, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS 141 students (17.5%) scored on and above the cut-off point on the Children Depression Inventory (CDI). In the first regression analyses low self-esteem, low grade point average (GPA) and low perceived social support from friends in boys, and low self-esteem, low paternal educational level and low social support from friends were the predictors of girls' depression. When self-esteem scores were excluded, low GPA, low perceived social support from friends and family, and inefficient problem solving skills were predictors of depression in boys; low perceived social support from friends and family, low paternal educational level, and inefficient problem solving skills were the independent predictors of depression in girls. CONCLUSION Depression is prevalent in high school students. Low self-esteem, low perceived social support from peers and family, and inefficient problem solving skills appears to be risk factors for adolescent depression. Low GPA for boys and low paternal education for girls were gender specific risk factors. Psychosocial interventions geared for increasing self-esteem, social support and problem solving skills may be effective in the prevention and treatment of adolescent depression.
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e fatores associados em São Paulo, SP, 2008-2009 Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk factors in São Paulo, Brazil, 2008-2009

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related risk factors. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study with 1,441 individuals of both sexes aged 40 years or more was conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. A two-stage (census tract, household) cluster random sampling stratiﬁ ed by sex and age was used and data was collected through home interviews. Multiple Poisson regression was used in the adjusted analysis. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 4.2% (95%CI: 3.1;5.4) reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After adjustment the following factors were found independently associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: number of cigarettes smoked in their lifetime (>1,500 vs. none) (PR=3.85; 95%CI: 1.87;7.94); easily fatigued (yes vs. no) (PR=2.61; 95%CI: 1.39;4.90); age (60;69 vs. 50;59) (PR 3.27; 95%CI: 1.01;11.24); age (70 and over vs. 50;59) (PR 4.29; 95%CI: 1.30;11.29); health conditions in the last 15 days (yes vs. no) (PR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.02;1.77); leisure-time physical activity (yes vs. no) (PR=0.57; 95%CI: 0.26;0.97).
Maxillary sinus lift for single implant-supported restorations: a clinical study.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate single-tooth implant-supported restorations placed in conjunction with several methods of maxillary sinus augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all consecutively treated patients who received single-implant tooth rehabilitation in combination with sinus augmentation. Implant survival rate and peri-implant conditions, such as marginal bone resorption (mm), pocket depth (mm), Plaque and Bleeding Indices, and Periotest values, were compared for the different augmentation procedures. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were treated with 54 screw-type single implant-supported restorations in the posterior maxilla in combination with isolated sinus floor augmentation. Depending on the residual ridge height and the intended augmentation height, sinus lift elevation was performed either in a 1-stage lateral approach (25 patients, 28 implants), in a 2-stage lateral approach (12 patients, 12 implants), or with the osteotome technique (14 patients, 14 implants). The predominant use of long implants provided for a favorable implant-crown ratio (> 1.0) and produced an overall clinical survival rate of 100% over the observation period (44.5 +/- 22.7 months), with no differences between the augmentation procedures and implant types used. The most frequent site for single-tooth replacement in combination with sinus floor augmentation was the first molar region (61%). Implants with wider diameters (94% 2 4.3 mm) were used in this region. The most frequent intraoperative complication was tearing of the sinus membrane (58%) as a result of the restricted access for the lateral 1- or 2-stage approach, and the most frequent prosthetic complication was crown loosening. CONCLUSION On the basis of this retrospective review, the following was observed: (1) Successful function and excellent peri-implant parameters may be anticipated for single implant-supported restorations placed in conjunction with sinus elevation procedures. (2) Clinical and radiographic examinations demonstrated similar conditions for single-tooth restorations despite the use of different surgical approaches to sinus augmentation. (More than 50 references).
Design of Small Parasitic Loaded Superdirective End-Fire Antenna Arrays

This paper presents an approach for designing parasitic loaded superdirective antenna arrays. The array current excitation coefficients calculated based on Yaghjian method are used with the array input impedance matrix to deduce the required loads for transforming the array to a parasitic one. The proposed method's practical limitations are studied via a parametric analysis on dipole-based arrays. It is also applied to design two- and three-element arrays based on an electrically small antenna (ESA). Simulation results show a very good agreement between the fully driven array's total directivity radiation pattern and the parasitic (loaded) array's one. Simulation results also show that the array end-fire total directivity is maximal at the design frequency. Measured results are in a very good agreement with the simulated ones.
Feasibility of Screening Patients With Nonpsychiatric Complaints for Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Good Time to Talk?

Objective: Screening children for suicide risk when they present to the emergency department (ED) with nonpsychiatric complaints could lead to better identification and treatment of high-risk youth. Before suicide screening protocols can be implemented for nonpsychiatric patients in pediatric EDs, it is essential to determine whether such efforts are feasible. Methods: As part of an instrument validation study, ED patients (10-21 years old) with both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric presenting complaints were recruited to take part in suicide screening. Clinically significant suicidal thoughts, as measured by the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, and suicidal behaviors were assessed, as well as patient opinions about suicide screening. Recruitment rates for the study as well as impact on length of stay were assessed. Results: Of the 266 patients and parents approached for the study, 159 (60%) agreed to participate. For patients entering the ED for nonpsychiatric reasons (n = 106), 5.7% (n = 6) reported previous suicidal behavior, and 5.7% (n = 6) reported clinically significant suicidal ideation. There were no significant differences for mean length of stay in the ED for nonpsychiatric patients with positive triggers and those who screened negative (means, 382 [SD, 198] and 393 [SD, 166] minutes, respectively; P = 0.80). Ninety-six percent of participants agreed that suicide screening should occur in the ED. Conclusions: Suicide screening of nonpsychiatric patients in the ED is feasible in terms of acceptability to parents, prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, practicality to ED flow, and patient opinion. Future endeavors should address brief screening tools validated on nonpsychiatric populations.
Theory of Mind and Recognition of Facial Emotion in Dementia: Challenge to Current Concepts

Current literature suggests that theory of mind (ToM) and recognition of facial emotion are impaired in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). In contrast, studies suggest that ToM is spared in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is controversy whether recognition of emotion in faces is impaired in AD. This study challenges the concepts that ToM is preserved in AD and that recognition of facial emotion is impaired in bvFTD. ToM, recognition of facial emotion, and identification of emotions associated with video vignettes were studied in bvFTD, AD, and normal controls. ToM was assessed using false-belief and visual perspective-taking tasks. Identification of facial emotion was tested using Ekman and Friesen’s pictures of facial affect. After adjusting for relevant covariates, there were significant ToM deficits in bvFTD and AD compared with controls, whereas neither group was impaired in the identification of emotions associated with video vignettes. There was borderline impairment in recognizing angry faces in bvFTD. Patients with AD showed significant deficits on false belief and visual perspective taking, and bvFTD patients were impaired on second-order false belief. We report novel findings challenging the concepts that ToM is spared in AD and that recognition of facial emotion is impaired in bvFTD.
Caspase Inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk Attenuates Calpain and Necrotic Cell Death in Vitro and after Traumatic Brain Injury

In studies designed to evaluate the therapeutic window for treatment of traumatic brain injury, the caspase 3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk improved neurologic function and reduced lesion volumes when administered at 1 but not at 4, 8, or 24 hours after injury. Moreover, neither caspase 3 nor PARP, a caspase 3 substrate, were cleaved in injured, untreated cortex from 1 to 72 hours after injury. Few cortical neurons expressed active caspase 3 or were TUNEL positive from 6 to 24 hours after injury, and TUNEL staining was primarily Type I (necrotic). Nissl staining revealed extensive neuronal necrosis in the injured cortex from 6 to 24 hours after impact. Considered together, these data suggested that z-DEVD-fmk may reduce neuronal necrosis, so we used an in vitro model of necrotic cell death induced by maitotoxin to test this further and explore the potential mechanism(s) involved. Z-DEVD-fmk (1 nM-100 μM) significantly attenuated maitotoxin induced neuronal cell death and markedly reduced expression of the 145 kD calpain-mediated α-spectrin breakdown product after maitotoxin injury. Neither the 120 kD caspase-mediated α-spectrin cleavage product nor cathepsin B were expressed after maitotoxin injury. In a cell free assay, z-DEVD-fmk reduced hydrolysis of casein by purified calpain I. Finally, z-DEVD-fmk reduced expression of the 145 kD calpain-mediated α-spectrin cleavage fragment after traumatic brain injury in vivo. These data suggest that neuroprotection by z-DEVD-fmk may, in part, reflect inhibition of calpain-related necrotic cell death.
Inositol-Deficient Food Augments a Behavioral Effect of Long-Term Lithium Treatment Mediated by Inositol Monophosphatase Inhibition: An Animal Model With Relevance for Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Lithium treatment in rodents markedly enhances cholinergic agonists such as pilocarpine. This effect can be reversed in a stereospecific manner by administration of inositol, suggesting that the effect of lithium is caused by inositol monophosphatase inhibition and consequent inositol depletion. If so, inositol-deficient food would be expected to enhance lithium effects. Inositol-deficient food was prepared from inositol-free ingredients. Mice with a homozygote knockout of the inositol monophosphatase 1 gene unable to synthesize inositol endogenously and mimicking lithium-treated animals were fed this diet or a control diet. Lithium-treated wild-type animals were also treated with the inositol-deficient diet or control diet. Pilocarpine was administered after 1 week of treatment, and behavior including seizures was assessed using rating scale. Inositol-deficient food–treated animals, both lithium treated and with inositol monophosphatase 1 knockout, had significantly elevated cholinergic behavior rating and significantly increased or earlier seizures compared with the controls. The effect of inositol-deficient food supports the role of inositol depletion in the effects of lithium on pilocarpine-induced behavior. However, the relevance of this behavior to other more mood-related effects of lithium is not clear.
Modelling the impact of varicella vaccination on varicella and zoster

SUMMARY It has been suggested that the incidence of herpes zoster may increase due to lack of natural boosting under large-scale vaccination with the varicella vaccine. To study the possibility and magnitude of such negative consequences of mass vaccination, we built a mathematical model of varicella and zoster epidemiology in the Finnish population. The model was based on serological data on varicella infection, case-notification data on zoster, and new knowledge about close contacts relevant to transmission of infection. According to the analysis, a childhood programme against varicella will increase the incidence of zoster by one to more than two thirds in the next 50 years. This will be due to increase in case numbers in the ⩾35 years age groups. However, high vaccine coverage and a two-dose programme will be very effective in stopping varicella transmission in the population.
Fully Distributed Cooperative Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrids

This paper proposes a new distributed cooperative secondary control for both frequency and voltage restoration of an islanded microgrid with droop-controlled, inverter-based distributed generations (DGs). Existing distributed methods commonly design secondary control based on the minimum real part of the nonzero Laplacian matrix eigenvalues related to the microgrid communication graph, which, however, is global information. In contrast to the existing distributed methods, in this paper we design a fully distributed adaptive control based on the dynamic model of DG units and on information from neighboring units. Therefore, the proposed control scheme increases the system reliability, decreases its sensitivity to failures, and eliminates the need for a central processing unit. The fully distributed controllers restore the islanded microgrid frequency and voltage magnitudes to their reference values for all DG units irrespective of parametric uncertainties and disturbances while providing accurate real power sharing. Furthermore, the proposed method considers the coupling between the islanded microgrid frequency and voltages. Finally, we have conducted comprehensive simulation studies in the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems toolbox to verify the proposed control strategy performance.
Age at onset as a determinant of presenting phenotype and initial relapse recovery in multiple sclerosis

Background: Age at onset modifies prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may also exert an effect on the characteristics of disease ignition. Understanding how age influences presentation informs disease management and may allow differentiation of distinct clinical sub-groups. Objectives: To determine the nature of age-specific presentations of relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) with respect to onset symptoms, gender ratios and index event outcomes. Methods: In a prospective, population-based sample of 1424 patients in South-East Wales we examined associations between age at onset, clinical features and outcome of the onset event, making specific comparisons between paediatric, adolescent and late-onset MS. Results: Age at onset varied significantly between sexes (Male 31.2, Female 29.3, p = 0.002), 0.7% had paediatric onset, 2.7% adolescent onset and 2.8% late-onset MS (>50 years). Optic neuritis was common in younger patients and declined after age 30. Lower limb motor, facial sensory, sexual and sphincteric symptoms rose with age independent of sex and disease course. F:M ratios were highest <16 years of age and declined with increasing age, with a male excess in those over 50. Probability of complete recovery from index event declined with age from 87.4% in the youngest group to 68% in the eldest (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Age at disease onset in RRMS exerts a significant effect on gender ratios and presenting phenotype, and allows identification of specific clinical sub-groups. In addition, ability to recover from initial relapse declines with age, suggesting accumulation of disability in MS is an age-dependent response to relapse.
Psychiatric co-morbidity in vulnerable populations receiving primary care for HIV/AIDS

Abstract Considerable evidence suggests that people with HIV disease are significantly more distressed than the general population, yet psychiatric disorders are commonly under-detected in HIV care settings. This study examines the prevalence of three stress-related psychiatric diagnoses – depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and acute stress disorder (ASD), among a vulnerable population of HIV-infected patients. Among approximately 350 patients attending two county-based HIV primary care clinics, 210 participants were screened for diagnostic symptom criteria for depression, PTSD, and ASD. Standardized screening measures used to assess for these disorders included the Beck Depression Inventory, the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist, and the Stanford Acute Stress Questionnaire. High percentages of HIV-infected patients met screening criteria for depression (38 per cent), PTSD (34 per cent), and ASD (43 per cent). Thirty eight percent screened positively for two or more disorders. Women were more likely to meet symptom criteria for ASD than men (55 per cent vs. 38 per cent, OR=1.94, CI95 per cent=1.1–3.5). ASD was detected more commonly among African-American and white participants (51 per cent and 50 per cent respectively), compared with other ethnic groups. Latinos were least likely to express symptoms of ASD (OR=0.52, CI95 per cent=0.29–0.96). Of the 118 patients with at least one of these disorders, 51 (43 per cent) reported receiving no concurrent mental health treatment. Patients with HIV/AIDS who receive public healthcare are likely to have high rates of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders and depression. These data suggest that current clinical practices could be improved with the use of appropriate tools and procedures to screen and diagnose mental health disorders in populations with HIV/AIDS.