Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Signi fi cant Fraction of 21-Nucleotide Small RNA Originates from Phased Degradation of Resistance Genes in Several Perennial Species 1 [ C ] [ W ] [ OA ]

Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA) and short-interfering RNA (siRNA), are important in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Comparative studies of sRNAs from plants have mainly focused on miRNA, even though they constitute a mere fraction of the total sRNA diversity. In this study, we report results from an in-depth analysis of the sRNA population from the conifer spruce (Picea abies) and compared the results with those of a range of plant species. The vast majority of sRNA sequences in spruce can be assigned to 21-nucleotide-long siRNA sequences, of which a large fraction originate from the degradation of transcribed sequences related to nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat-type resistance genes. Over 90% of all genes predicted to contain either a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor or nucleotide-binding site domain showed evidence of siRNA degradation. The data further suggest that this phased degradation of resistance-related genes is initiated from miRNA-guided cleavage, often by an abundant 22-nucleotide miRNA. Comparative analysis over a range of plant species revealed a huge variation in the abundance of this phenomenon. The process seemed to be virtually absent in several species, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa), and nonvascular plants, while particularly high frequencies were observed in spruce, grape (Vitis vinifera), and poplar (Populus trichocarpa). This divergent pattern might reflect a mechanism to limit runaway transcription of these genes in species with rapidly expanding nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat gene families. Alternatively, it might reflect variation in a counter-counter defense mechanism between plant species.
A structural basis for enantioselective inhibition of Candida rugosa lipase by long‐chain aliphatic alcohols

Molecular modeling showed that the enantiomers of heptyl 2‐methyldecanoate are productively bound to the active site of Candida rugosa lipase in quite different conformations. The fast‐reacting S‐enantiomer may well occupy the previously identified acyl‐binding tunnel in the active site of the lipase. By contrast, the slow‐reacting R‐enantiomer must be bound to the active site, leaving the tunnel empty to allow the formation of two catalytically essential hydrogen bonds between His 449 of the catalytic triad and the transition state of the catalyzed reaction. This information enables us to propose a molecular mechanism explaining how long‐chain aliphatic alcohols act as enantioselective inhibitors of this lipase in the resolution of 2‐methyldecanoic acid. Long‐chain aliphatic alcohols may coordinate to the acyl‐binding tunnel of the C. rugosa lipase, thereby selectively inhibiting the turnover of the fast‐reacting S‐enantiomer, thus resulting in a lowered enantioselectivity in the resolution.
Influences of blood sample processing on low-molecular-weight proteome identified by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND Profiling approaches in proteomics, such as surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry, are used in disease marker discovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential influence of selected preanalytical factors on the results obtained. METHODS Plasma samples anticoagulated with EDTA, citrate, or heparin, and serum samples from healthy volunteers were profiled by SELDI on CM10, immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC) array with copper, and H50 chip surfaces. Using linear mixed-effects models, we examined the influence of elapsed time between venipuncture and sample separation (immediate to 24 h) and the type of serum tube used (Greiner Vacuette activator, gel serum separator, or plain tubes). We analyzed purified platelets, as well as platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma samples treated with calcium and/or thrombin to determine the platelet contribution, directly or via the clotting process, to the profiles generated. We then used cluster analysis to identify samples with similar peak profiles. RESULTS Different plasma types and sera could be distinguished on the basis of cluster analyses of their spectral profiles. Elapsed time between venipuncture and separation of plasma and serum from blood samples altered the profiles obtained, particularly for serum samples and particularly on IMAC chips. The type of serum collection tube also affected the profiles because of differences in clotting time. In vitro manipulation of platelets revealed that specific peaks in IMAC profiles of serum appeared to be derived directly from platelets. Several other peaks, including some of those exhibiting time-dependent changes, arose during the clotting process. CONCLUSION Preanalytical variables, such as sample handling, can markedly influence results.
Three-dimensional structure of human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) determined by 1H-NMR and distance geometry.

The three-dimensional structure of human insulin-like growth factor-I has been determined through a combination of NMR measurements and distance geometry calculations. A total of 320 interatomic distance constraints, including 12 related to the disulfide bridges, were used in these calculations. The resulting structure is characterized by the presence of three helical rods corresponding to the sequence regions, Ala8-Cys18, Gly42-Cys48 and Leu54-Cys61. Furthermore, a turn structure and an extended structure exist in the Gly19-Gly22 and Phe23-Asn26 regions, respectively. Neglecting the N- and C-termini, with their expectedly high degree of mobility as well as a fluctuating C-domain, the r.m.s.d. value is 1.9 A for backbone atoms. Those of the three alpha-helical regions are 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8 A, respectively, 1.8 A being that for the total backbone atoms participating in the formation of these three helices, showing the good convergence of their spatial arrangements. The overall structure obtained here shows that the human IGF-I molecule folds into a spatial structure very similar to that of insulin in an aqueous solution.
Diffusion anisotrophy in the early stages of stroke can predict motor outcome.

PURPOSE This study examined whether the degree of impairment of diffusion anisotrophy in the early stages of a stroke can predict the motor function outcome. METHODS Thirty-one hemiplegic stroke patients were enrolled to this study. Diffusion anisotropy was measured by determining fractional anisotropy (FA) in the two ROIs (region of interests) at corona radiata (CR) and in the posterior limb of internal capsule (IC) during the early stages of stoke (average 7.9 days after stroke onset) and compared with motor outcome of the affected hand 3 months after stroke onset. RESULTS Both ROIs (CR or IC) and lesion types (hemorrhage or infarction) did not have significant effect on the SBFA (symmetry of bilateral FA) and dMRC (medical research council score improvement), either. Patients with greater initial MRC score had significantly greater SBFA and dMRC. The regression equation between the dMRC (Y axis) and the SBFA (X axis) was semi-linear and significant (P < 0.05); for CR group, Y = 3.296 - 0.1192X + 0.0015X2; for IC group, Y = 2.342 - 0.0533X +0.0007(2). The regression lines had 'threshold points' where a minute SBFA change would make a steep increase in dMRC. CONCLUSION The degree of impairment in diffusion anisotropy during the early stages of stroke appears to have the potential to predict motor outcome.
Simulation of slowly varying electromagnetic fields in the human body considering the anisotropy of muscle tissues

Stimulated by epidemiological studies about persons living under power lines, it seemed to be of broad interest to also perform field simulations with detailed models of the human body in the extremely low frequency range in order to study field effects of power lines and other 50-Hz equipment. As a basis, we chose the finite integration formulation for electroquasi-statics. A new code was implemented allowing for the use of the HUGO model of the human body, a computer data set based on the Visible Human Data Set, produced by the National Library of Medicine, MD, in connection with the orientation data set for muscle fibers in the human body by F. B. Sachse. The finite integration formulation had to be extended to allow for material tensors as they arise for the anisotropic muscle tissue described by the orientation data set. The paper describes the model and shows some results for typical situations from real life comparing the isotropic with the anisotropic model of the human body
“This Base Stallion Trade”: He‐whores and Male Sexuality on the Early Modern Stage

Recent scholarship on early modern male sexuality has stressed the threat that sexual relations with women were believed to pose to manhood. Focusing on such plays as Middleton's Your Five Gallants (c. 1608), Fletcher and Massinger's The Custom of The Country (c.1620), and Davenant's The Just Italian (1630), this paper analyzes representations of male prostitutes for women to argue that cultural attitudes toward male sexual performance were more complex and self‐contradictory than generally acknowledged. The patriarchal codes that warned against effeminating sexual desire and advocated parsimonious seminal “spending” are undermined by their own inherent corollary: the most masculine man is one who can demonstrate unlimited seminal capacity. Furthermore, it has been posited that the early modern period marked the beginning of a shift from “reproductive” to “performative” constructions of manhood, in which the manhood‐affirming aspects of male sexuality gradually became unmoored from their traditional association with bloodlines and attached instead to penetrative sexual conquest. The class implications of this shift inform patriarchal anxieties about the superior sexual stamina of servant‐class men and their bodily “service” to elite women. Representing a fantasy of empowering male sexuality that relies on detaching virile performance from effeminating desire—a physiologically absurd notion—and on providing sexual “service” while leaving intact both class and gender hierarchies, a successful he‐whore like Middleton's Tailby or Davenant's Sciolto playfully challenges the dictates of patriarchal masculinity by fulfilling them in absurd and unorthodox ways. Ultimately, he illuminates just how untenable those dictates might be. (J.P.)
MRI brain image segmentation by adaptive spatial deterministic annealing clustering

This paper describes a novel image segmentation algorithm suitable for MRI image segmentation. We introduce a new dissimilarity measure which incorporates the spatial connectivity. A fully automatic technique is developed to obtain the segmentation result and the new clustering objective function incorporates the spatial information. The weighting factor for neighborhood effect is adaptive to the image content. It enhances the smoothness towards piecewise-homogeneous region and reduces the edge-blurring effect. The experimental results with synthetic and MRI brain images demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in improving the segmentation and it outperforms the popular Markov random field algorithm
Microstrip antenna diplexers for wireless communications

In this paper we present a dual-band antenna integrated with diplexer. Compact microstrip diplexer was designed using pseudo-interdigital stepped impedance bandpass filters with improved stopband. Microstrip patch antenna designed to support dual-band operation at 2.5–2.6 GHz and 5.1–5.5 GHz frequency bands was integrated with diplexer. As a result of integration 20 dB separation of the channels has been achieved. The proposed system can be used in novel architectures for WiMAX RF Front-End.
Interactive Image-based Modeling of Macrostructured Textures

This article addresses the modeling aspects of macrostructured texture synthesis often avoided by other methods. We aim to develop a system that provides an intuitive, interactive, continuous, and easy-to-use control to users during the entire synthesis process. Therefore, we propose efficient new solutions for the following four problems: interactive and easy control of the macrostructure attributes; easy specification of the shapes; controlled deformations and interactions to avoid repetitions. In particular, we use a random technique, which is an important factor in getting more natural-looking structures; use of digitized texture pictures as natural models to guide the synthesis and obtain high-quality results.
Chromosome abnormality incidence in fetuses with cerebral ventriculomegaly

Abstract Ventriculomegaly (VM) is a marker of aneuploidy and warrants a detailed examination of fetal anatomy. Chromosomal abnormalities worsen the fetal and neonatal prognosis significantly and karyotyping of fetuses is critically important when accompanying anomalies are detected. Here, we report the genetic results of 140 fetuses with isolated and non-isolated VM detected during a second trimester ultrasound examination followed by invasive in utero diagnostic procedures for karyotyping. VM was diagnosed in seven (5%) fetuses with abnormal karyotype and the chromosomal abnormality incidence was higher in severe VM (6.8%) than mild (4.2%). Higher chromosomal abnormality rates were detected when VM was isolated (8.6%), rather than associated with any anomaly (3.8%). These results suggest that karyotype analysis should be offered to all patients with any degree of VM, regardless of its association with structural anomalies.
The Sieve of Overspecialization

Using Ulrich Beck‟s focus on experts as the source of unintended risks in society, this paper speculates on the consequences of linking the concepts of privacy and security too closely. The argument is made that this constructed linkage attracts separate and fairly narrow fields of technical expertise that focus on a very limited definition of the problem and hence the potential solutions derived. It is argued that this expertise focuses on small “p” privacy (data and rules about data) and that a failure to address privacy substantively understates the potential costs of security failures and that, paradoxically, a serious engagement with concept of the privacy may lead to more effective attention on data and its security.
Cranial Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Update of Metabolites and a Special Emphasis on Practical Points

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for dozens of metabolites [1]. In this paper we will focus especially on proton (hydrogen) MRS. Generally published literatures consist of reviews and articles about metabolites are long, complicated and emphasise on physical or on technical data. But with this article, we will try to explain basically how MRS could be used in daily practice of radiologists. First of all we tried to search all current literature only referencing the main ones to make this review and we want all of our colleagues to give feedback about this review. With collection of all these trick points and line up to appropriate order, it is possible to make this review a common guide for radiologists and a useful tool while reporting MRS.
Association between Nutritional Status and Early Childhood Caries in Indian Children

Aims and Objectives: To assess the body mass index (BMI) status and to correlate between nutritional status and early childhood caries among 3–6-year-old children in Vikarabad, Telangana, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 children attending the outpatient department of Pedodontia in Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad. Caries experience was recorded using dmft index (WHO 1997); various anthropometric measures, such as weight, BMI, and height, were recorded as per the standard guidelines. Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test were used to determine significant differences. Data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SPSS version 17.0 Chicago IL, USA) Results: Maximum number of participants (69%) were with normal BMI- for-age followed by underweight, overweight, and obese categories. The mean dmft values for each BMI category among the underweight, normal, overweight, and obese children were 4.9 ± 4.0, 4.6 ± 3.3, 2.7 ± 1.9, and 4.4 ± 3.0, respectively, which was statistically not significant. Conclusion: No significant association was found between dmft and BMI-for-age, rather a negative correlation existed between dmft and BMI-for-age (r = −0.023), which was not statistically significant (P = 0.66).
Analyse de la relation entre le niveau d’activité physique et la composition corporelle d’adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle : impact d’une prise en charge de l’obésité par un programme d’activité physique adaptée

L’evolution croissante de l’obesite n’epargne pas les adolescents presentant une deficience intellectuelle. Nos travaux reposent sur le principe d’une « recherche- action » avec pour but l’amelioration de la prise en charge des personnes en situation de handicap mental. Realisees dans 5 instituts medico-educatifs, notre premiere etude montre que plus de 40% des adolescents deficients intellectuels presentent un exces de masse grasse. Plus de 30% des adolescents rapportent un faible niveau d’activite physique et seule la moitie pratiquerait suffisamment d’activite physique pour lutter contre le developpement de l’obesite. De plus, les adolescents les plus actifs presentent moins de risques de developper un exces de masse grasse. Leur faible niveau de condition physique observe est un facteur de risque eleve pour la sante. Pour ces jeunes presentant un handicap mental, cela constitue un « sur-handicap » qui peut accentuer la restriction de participation sociale et alterer la qualite de vie. Etre actif au quotidien permettrait de limiter les risques pour la sante, notamment de limiter le developpement de l’obesite. De ce fait, un programme d’Activite Physique Adaptee a ete propose aux jeunes reperes en situation de sur-adiposite. Celui-ci a permis d’augmenter les temps de pratique d’activite physique et de stabiliser l’evolution du poids, tout en diminuant la masse grasse et le tour de taille. L’approche interdisciplinaire de cette recherche nous a permis de considerer l’evolution du concept de soi chez ce public specifique et de constater qu’il n’etait pas altere par cette prise en charge visant le controle du poids.
Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): Objectives and Design

The primary and secondary objectives of the Early Developmental Stages of Substance Abuse Study (EDSP) are described along with a detailed description of the overall design, special design features and instruments used. The EDSP is a 5-year prospective study with three waves of assessments. Special design features are the linkages with family genetic investigations as well as neuroendocrinological stress tests in high-risk subjects. Overall, 3,021 adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years are included. The response rate for the baseline investigation was 71%. Diagnostic assessments were made by using a modified lifetime (baseline) and 12-month change version of the WHO-CIDI, adjusted for DSM-IV. Modifications refer to a more detailed quantitative assessment of symptoms and substance use variables as well as the inclusion of questions to assess course of disorders and subthreshold diagnostic conditions.
Online energy-efficient real-time task scheduling for heterogeneous multicore systems

Online energy-efficient real-time task scheduling for a heterogeneous multicore system is complicated because of the synergistic processing between cores and trade-off between energy conservation and schedulability. This paper proposes a multicore energy efficiency ratio for minimizing energy consumption and a bandwidth reservation algorithm for improving quality of service for applications. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated using a series of workloads, and encouraging results were obtained.
Angular dispersion characterization of vehicle-to-vehicle channel in cross-road scenarios

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication based collision avoidance systems detect if two vehicles are on a collision course, which are particularly useful in the absence of line-of-sight (LOS) owing to buildings, roadside infrastructures, and road bending. This paper presents an empirical study of V2V propagation channels in two suburban cross-road scenarios, where vehicles are either moving in the same direction and separate each other, or passing each other in opposite directions at the crossing. The quasi-stationarity interval is characterized using correlation matrix distance (CMD). Angular dispersions are found to be significantly affected by the type of cross-road and the presence of a LOS. By comparing the results of the different cross-roads, it is found that the angular dispersion is large in the first type of cross-road. By contrast, in the second type of cross-road, small angular dispersion is observed due to the road bending and obstruction by roadside trees.
Development of interface for teleoperation of humanoid robot using task model method

Teleoperation systems for humanoid robots that replace human tasks in emergency situations have been widely studied. Humanoid robots have the capability of utilizing the equipment designed for human manipulation. When the humanoid robot works on behalf of human beings, rapid deployment can be achieved when a disaster occurs. However, since the humanoid robot and the human have different physical abilities, it is difficult to control the robot by mapping the human motion directly to the robot. Recently, the interfaces that map the human motion, taken by the vision sensors, to the humanoid robot have become popular. Though the vision-based teleoperation system can be rapidly constructed anywhere, the interfaces require some sort of feedback to smoothly control the robot. The tactile and force feedback system has limitations on human motion because of mechanical structures. The teleoperation system also has the potential issue of time delay. In this paper, we propose an interface for teleoperation of the humanoid robot with vision sensors. The inner states of the robot and the recognized human motions are visualized for the feedback to the operator. We also introduce the task model to avoid the time delay. In the visual feedback, the task states are visualized to assist the smooth operations.
Human gesture segmentation based on change point model for efficient gesture interface

Interacting naturally with artificial agents and environments including virtual avatars and robots rely mainly on gestures. However, the later require heavy setup procedures before any effective use. Specific and personalized training sessions are needed. In addition, performers have to indicate clear separations between gestures, namely, specifying pre- and post-strokes as well as the gesture used to perform the command. Thus, time series segmentation appears as a central problem. Indeed, clustering human motions into meaningful segments or isolating meaningful segments forming a continuous movement flow present the same problem: how to find the post and the pre strokes. For machine learning, this problem is solved by having training sets of carefully labeled data. Good segmentation improves the quality of the gesture recognition-based interface. In our contribution, we focus on developing a non-parametric stochastic segmentation algorithm. Once the segmentation has been validated, we show how any novice user can create in a semi-supervised way, his or her, own gestures library. In addition, we show how the obtained system is efficient in finding meaningful gestures (the once learned earlier) within continuous movements flow, thus removing the constraint of performing manual specification of respectively the beginning of the movement and its end. The proposed technique is assessed through a real-life example, where a novice user creates an ad-hoc interface to control a robot in a natural way.