Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Receptor trafficking controls weak signal delivery: a strategy used by c-Met for STAT3 nuclear accumulation

C-Met, the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), through overexpression or mutation, is a major protooncogene that provides an attractive molecular target for cancer therapy. HGF/c-Met–induced tumorigenesis is dependent, in part, on the transcription factor and oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is believed to be activated by the receptor at the plasma membrane and then to travel to the nucleus where it acts. We demonstrate that although the robust signal to STAT3 elicited from the cytokine oncostatin-M does indeed support this mechanism of STAT3 action, for the weaker STAT3 signal emanating from c-Met, the activated receptor itself needs to be delivered to a perinuclear endosomal compartment to sustain phosphorylated STAT3 in the nucleus. This is signal specific because c-Met–induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase nuclear accumulation does not require receptor trafficking to the perinuclear compartment. This response is triggered from peripheral endosomes. Thus, control of growth factor receptor traffic determines the nature of the signal output, providing novel opportunities for intervention.
Centre De Referència En Economia Analítica Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Working Paper Nº 46 Polarization: Concepts, Measurement, Estimation Polarization: Concepts, Measurement, Estimation

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we develop the measurement theory of polarization for the case in which income distributions can be described using density functions. Second, we provide sample estimators of population polarization indices that can be used to compare polarization across time or entities. Distribution-free statistical inference results are also derived in order to ensure that the orderings of polarization across entities are not simply due to sampling noise. An illustration of the use of these tools using data from 21 countries shows that polarization and inequality orderings can often differ in practice. Duclos and Ray thank the Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC) for hospitality during the startup phase of this project. Esteban is a member of Barcelona Economics and thanks the support from the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Instituto de Estudios Fiscales and the MCYT. We thank Oliver Linton, Patrick Richard, a Co-Editor, and two anonymous referees for useful comments. Finally, we are grateful to Nicolas Beaulieu for his excellent research assistance.
SIGNATURES OF THE NEUTRAL TOP-PION IN eγ COLLISIONS

We calculate the contributions of the neutral top-pion to the process in the framework of topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) models. Our results show that can give significant contributions to this process. With reasonable values of the parameters in TC2 models, the cross-section σ can reach 1.3 pb which may be detected at the eγ collisions based on the future high energy linear e+e- collider experiments.
SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR OBSTACLE PROBLEMS BY COMPLEMENTARITY ALGORITHMS

We discuss a nonlinear beam obstacle model defined by inequality constraints and differential equations with highly nonlinear and fourth order operators. An appropriate discrete approximation by the finite element method leads to a large finite-dimensional mixed nonlinear complementarity problem. We propose an interior-point algorithm for the solution of this complementarity problem. Some computational experience with this algorithm on the solution of the beam model is included to highlight the efficiency of the algorithm.
Seamless VANET Connectivity through Heterogeneous Wireless Network on Rural Highways

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is a subclass of Mobile Ad hoc Networks where moving nodes are vehicles that move with very high speed on roads. The continuous availability of the network for efficient and reliable communication is the major challenge in vehicular networks due its dynamic topology. The network gets partitioned due to the high speed of vehicles or due to sparseness. Therefore, in this paper we have proposed heterogeneous wireless network architecture by integrating three wireless technologies namely, WLAN, cellular networks and WiMAX which aid in providing seamless connectivity in the network. We have also proposed a novel position based routing algorithm that works well in our proposed architecture. We have simulated the proposed work in NS 2.34 and evaluated the performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay for 50 nodes in the network. Simulation results show significant performance improvement of our proposed routing algorithm in comparison to AODV and GPSR routing protocols.
Clone-based and interactive recommendation for modifying pasted code

Developers often need to modify pasted code when programming with copy-and-paste practice. Some modifications on pasted code could involve lots of editing efforts, and any missing or wrong edit could incur bugs. In this paper, we propose a clone-based and interactive approach to recommending where and how to modify the pasted code. In our approach, we regard clones of the pasted code as the results of historical copy-and-paste operations and their differences as historical modifications on the same piece of code. Our approach first retrieves clones of the pasted code from a clone repository and detects syntactically complete differences among them. Then our approach transfers each clone difference into a modification slot on the pasted code, suggests options for each slot, and further mines modifying regulations from the clone differences. Based on the mined modifying regulations, our approach dynamically updates the suggested options and their ranking in each slot according to developer's modifications on the pasted code. We implement a proof-of-concept tool CCDemon based on our approach and evaluate its effectiveness based on code clones detected from five open source projects. The results show that our approach can identify 96.9% of the to-be-modified positions in pasted code and suggest 75.0% of the required modifications. Our human study further confirms that CCDemon can help developers to accomplish their modifications of pasted code more efficiently.
Neuroprotection in glaucoma: old concepts, new ideas

ABSTRACT Introduction: The disease process of glaucoma is thought to begin up to 20 years before a diagnosis can be made. While its current treatment paradigm seeks to reduce the rate of disease progression through reducing intraocular pressure, these interventions are of limited effectiveness and are typically made late. Together, this highlights an unmet clinical need for the development of novel techniques to facilitate the early diagnosis of glaucoma and the emergence of new treatment paradigms. This review provides a summary of recent developments in the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, including updates on natural neuroprotective compounds. Areas covered: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including the keywords retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, neuroprotection, resveratrol, curcumin, adaptive optics, and detection of apoptosing retinal cells. Expert opinion: While a growing number of preclinical studies have reported the efficacy of neuroprotective interventions for the treatment of glaucoma, these technologies have not yet translated into clinical use. A likely explanation for this phenomenon is the relatively late stage at which glaucoma is currently diagnosed in patients. The development of techniques to diagnose glaucoma earlier in the disease process would enable the earlier administration of neuroprotective interventions which could slow glaucoma-associated vision loss.
Field Experiment on 5-Gbit / s Ultra-high-speed Packet Transmission Using MIMO Multiplexing in Broadband Packet Radio Access

Hidekazu Taoka and Kenichi Higuchi An ultra-high-speed packet transmission experiment for achieving a transmission data rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s (spectral efficiency of 50 bit/s/Hz) was performed using a 100-MHz channel bandwidth in broadband packet radio access. The spectrum efficiency of 50 bit/s/Hz nearly approaches the upper limit in cellular environments near a cell site taking into account inter-cell interference. We describe the technology overview, experimental configuration, and field experimental results to achieve the data rate of 5 Gbit/s.
Adaptive gait generation for hexapod robot using Genetic Algorithm

Animals display naturally robust locomotion designs which enable them to move on rugged terrains and even adapt to injuries. Most of the robots do not possess such robustness and are rendered useless if they get structurally damaged. In this paper; it is shown that such adapting ability can be introduced in robot's locomotion; if damaged; by evolving optimal gaits through genetic algorithm (GA). A hexapod robot simulation was used to test the gaits generated by GA. Simulation results have proven that the evolved gait enables a hexapod to move effectively with one leg damaged. This technique will increase the reliability and effectiveness of autonomous robots in areas hostile to humans.
The Kids Say Project: Supporting Children to Talk about their Experiences and to Engage in Decision-making

ABSTRACT Research and policy calls for hearing the voices of children and youth in out-of-home care and involving them in decisions about their own lives. The “Kids Say” cards were designed to facilitate this engagement, particularly with Indigenous children and youth. A feasibility study explored the extent to which the Kids Say cards were acceptable to young people, and prompted discussion about their lives and what is important to them. The study involved 47 participants, aged 7 to 18 years, from three cultural groups: Aboriginal n = 20; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) n = 10; non-Indigenous English-speaking n = 17. The cards were found to be appealing to all three groups, and to facilitate child and youth voice. Findings also did not differ significantly according to gender or age. These preliminary findings indicate the potential value of appropriate practice tools to support children and youth to share their experiences and participate in decision-making. IMPLICATIONS Engaging resources, such as the Kids Say resource, are potentially valuable in supporting practitioners to encourage children and young people to share their experiences and participate in decision-making about their own care and service needs. Training in creating safe sharing contexts for children and young people is essential. While emphasis is often given to gathering child voices, there is a need for at least equal emphasis on respectful adult listening.
Growing solver-aided languages with rosette

SAT and SMT solvers have automated a spectrum of programming tasks, including program synthesis, code checking, bug localization, program repair, and programming with oracles. In principle, we obtain all these benefits by translating the program (once) to a constraint system understood by the solver. In practice, however, compiling a language to logical formulas is a tricky process, complicated by having to map the solution back to the program level and extend the language with new solver-aided constructs, such as symbolic holes used in synthesis. This paper introduces ROSETTE, a framework for designing solver-aided languages. ROSETTE is realized as a solver-aided language embedded in Racket, from which it inherits extensive support for meta-programming. Our framework frees designers from having to compile their languages to constraints: new languages, and their solver-aided constructs, are defined by shallow (library-based) or deep (interpreter-based) embedding in ROSETTE itself. We describe three case studies, by ourselves and others, of using ROSETTE to implement languages and synthesizers for web scraping, spatial programming, and superoptimization of bitvector programs.
SAND-assisted encoding control for energy-aware MPEG-DASH live streaming

Adaptive HTTP video streaming has gained popularity in providing live feed from the events to mobile consumers. For reaching the widest possible audience, video service providers usually need to generate multiple video representations from the input stream suitable for different clients, which can increase the server-side energy consumption and processor load. HTTP streaming enables client adaptation against network fluctuations, but the server is usually unaware of the client(s) network capacity and device characteristics. With this knowledge, the server could control and allocate the encoding resources better according to the client(s) needs and reduce the server energy consumption and load. In this paper, we provide energy-aware dynamic encoding control for MPEG-DASH live streaming, which can benefit especially when representations are unpopular or network is under congestion. To achieve this, we utilize messages between client and encoding server based on the upcoming MPEG standard initiative Server and Network Assisted DASH (SAND). The results indicate that our dynamic encoding control signaling can reduce energy consumption in the server, create storage savings and therefore decrease also server costs.
A multi-objective optimization analysis on high-performance buildings connected to district heating-CHP system

The European energy policy is strongly promoting the refurbishment of buildings and this affects the energy and economic performance of the district heating (DH) systems. The refurbishment of buildings connected to a DH system leads to the under-utilization of the DH capacity. This paper aims to define the energy and economic performance of a district heating (DH) considering the impact of cost-optimal refurbishment solutions of the connected buildings. For this purpose, an integrated model for both buildings and network has been developed. Several refurbishment measures for the existing buildings have been investigated and a multiobjective (energy and economic) optimization has been conducted, by means of a genetic algorithm. The possibility to shift to a low-temperature DH and the implementation of a CHP system have been investigated as feasible solutions to compensate for the loss of performance of the network. The results highlight that the building refurbishment strongly influence both the energy and economic performance of the DH system. The DH performance is considerably low when a high number of refurbished buildings is considered in the district. The implementation of the minimum network temperature allows for a partial compensation for both the energy and the economic losses deriving from the refurbishment. However, this measure is not sufficient for a profitable DH. The installation of a CHP system in the network, thanks to the revenue from the electricity trade, allows for a profitable operation of DH network with a heat density of 0.15 MWh (m year)-1. Although the installation of a CHP system is economically convenient, its primary energy saving (PES) index is negative for such a micro DH networks.
Fast Numerical Valuation of American, Exotic and Complex Options

The purpose of this paper is to present evidence in support of the hypothesis that fast, accurate and parametrically robust numerical valuation of a wide range of derivative securities can be achieved by use of direct numerical methods in the solution of the associated PDE problems. Specifically, linear programming methods for American vanilla and exotic options, and explicit methods for a three stochastic state variable problem (a multi-period terminable differential swap) are explored and promising numerical results are discussed. The resulting value surface gives, simultaneously, valuation for many maturities and underlying prices, and the parameters required for risk analysis.
Parametric high definition (PHD) speech synthesis-by-analysis: the development of a fundamentally new system creating connected speech by modifying lexically-represented language units

Our paper has 5 sections. In section (1) we will discuss criti-cally the fact that the development of Text-to-Speech systems and Speech-to-Text systems has in the past been treated as totally separate problems (we restrict ourselves to so-called dictation systems, L2S and S2L, which either translate written language units L into speech signals S, or speech signals S into sequences of written language units L). In section (2) we argue that for this reason, in the future, theoretical and empirical work should be devoted to providing an approach that integrates the L2S and S2L components into a uniﬁed phonetic system, which is able to learn to speak a language and also to understand what other L2S-systems are saying. The new Munich PHD-system will be described in section (3) as an example of such a uniﬁed approach. Fundamental to this system is the selection and deﬁnition of lexically-given speech items, both acoustically and articulatorily (EMA). In section (4) we demonstrate a set of prosodic functions that take lexically-deﬁned L-inputs and produce phonetically well-formed connected S-outputs. We discuss the possibility of combining certain elemen-tary functions (such as those controlling F0 variation, segment du-ration, and sound modiﬁcation) into a much more complex function which also controls the language-speciﬁc rhythmic variation of speech tempo in its locally measurable form. Finally section (5) will raise the question of analysing speech data produced by individual speakers as a means of arriving at the sound production system of a generalized representative member of the sociolect
Use of Particle Swarm Optimization in path planning for rough terrain

With the advancement of autonomous vehicles the problem of navigation in rough terrain is becoming an interesting problem to tackle. One possible solution that has already been demonstrated for navigation on flat surfaces has been the use of Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO. This document aims to present results obtained from experiments gauging the adequacy of PSO for path planning in rough terrain environments. The PSO algorithm is set up to choose paths composed of straight line segments. A Controller is then used in a simulator to guide our vehicle along each path and the quality of the route traversed is then used to evaluate each path. Two different environments are prepared and solved for and the result for each environment is presented. It is shown that PSO is indeed applicable for use in path planning for rough environments.
Groundwater / meltwater interaction in proglacial aquifers

Abstract. Groundwater plays a significant role in glacial hydrology and can buffer changes to the timing and magnitude of meltwater flows. However, proglacial aquifer characteristics or groundwater dynamics in glacial catchments are rarely studied directly. We provide direct evidence of proglacial groundwater storage, and quantify multi-year groundwater-meltwater dynamics, through intensive and high resolution monitoring of the proglacial system of a rapidly retreating glacier, Virkisjökull, in SE Iceland. Proglacial unconsolidated glaciofluvial sediments comprise a highly permeable aquifer in which groundwater flow in the shallowest 20–40 m of the aquifer is equivalent to 4.5 % (2.6–5.8 %) of mean annual meltwater river flow, and 9.7 % (5.8–12.3 %) of winter flow. Groundwater flow through the entire aquifer thickness represents 9.8 % (3.6–21 %) of annual meltwater flow. Groundwater in the aquifer is actively recharged by local precipitation, both rainfall and snowmelt, and strongly influenced by individual precipitation events. Significant glacial meltwater influence on groundwater within the aquifer occurs in a 50–500 m river zone within which there are complex groundwater / meltwater exchanges. Stable isotopes, groundwater dynamics and temperature data demonstrate active recharge from river losses, especially in the summer melt season, with more than 25 % of groundwater in this part of the aquifer sourced from meltwater. Such proglacial aquifers are common globally, and future changes in glacier coverage and precipitation are likely to increase the significance of groundwater storage within them. The scale of proglacial groundwater flow and storage has important implications for measuring meltwater flux, for predicting future river flows, and for providing strategic water supplies in de-glaciating catchments.
Electro‐mediated gene transfer and expression are controlled by the life‐time of DNA/membrane complex formation

Electroporation is a physical method used to transfer molecules into cells and tissues. Clinical applications have been developed for antitumor drug delivery. Clinical trials of gene electrotransfer are under investigation. However, knowledge about how DNA enters cells is not complete. By contrast to small molecules that have direct access to the cytoplasm, DNA forms a long lived complex with the plasma membrane and is transferred into the cytoplasm with a considerable delay.
Assessment and treatment of linguistic deficits in aphasic patients

textabstractAphasia is a language disturbance caused by brain damage, usually a stroke. Aphasia has a large impact on a patient’s life, often turning everyday communicative situations into a struggle to understand and be understood. Improvement of these patients’ communicative ability in daily life is the main goal of aphasia therapy. The verbal communicative ability of aphasic patients may be disturbed by semantic (word meaning), phonological (word form) and/or syntactic (grammatical structure) deficits. Cognitive linguistic treatment aims to improve processing at the affected linguistic level, implicitly assuming that training of basic language skills will result in improved verbal communication. In this thesis, the relative impact of semantic and phonological deficits on verbal communication is explored. Furthermore, the results of both diagnostic and therapeutic studies in patients with aphasia after stroke are presented.
Effects of Plant Species on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Microbial Community Structure Diversity in Constructed Wetlands

Vegetation is the principal component of the constructed wetland (CW) systems. To better understand the effect of plant species, the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and bacterial community structure diversity were compared in different CWs planted with six plants. The results showed that N2O fluxes had obvious differences in vegetation systems. The higher risk of N2O emissions was observed in CWs planted with Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus, while the lowest N2O emission was in Phragmites australis systems. Bacterial communities to understand the bacterial world in the substrate by analyzing data of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns. The result clearly demonstrated that DGGE profiles revealed marked differences in the response of microbial communities under different plants cover.
Chief Sustainability Officers

While a number of studies document that organizations go through numerous stages as they increase their commitment to sustainability over time, we know little about the role of the Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO) in this process. Using survey and interview data we analyze how a CSO’s authority and responsibilities differ across organizations that are in different stages of sustainability commitment. We document increasing organizational authority of the CSO as organizations increase their commitment to sustainability moving from Compliance to Efficiency and then to Innovation. However, we also document a decentralization of decision rights from the CSO to different functions, largely driven by sustainability strategies becoming more idiosyncratic at the Innovation stage. The study concludes with a discussion of practices that CSOs argue to accelerate the commitment of organizations to sustainability.