Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A scheme for improving the performance of network coding technique

Network coding involves in processing several received packets by a relay node for generating a single packet in systematic manner such that the receivers can regenerate the original packets from this packet received from relay node. The network coding techniques show better throughput only under low traffic condition. This work proposes Maximum Flow Min Cut (MF-MC) algorithm which determine the threshold value when the relay nodes of a network should switch from Network coding based forwarding scheme to the traditional forwarding scheme and vice versa. The Simulation results are obtained for a 20 node X-topology based wireless network using XORing scheme of Network Coding for the illustration purpose. The result shows that the MF-MC can improve the throughput of the network in a considerable manner.
ZO-1 and the Spatial Organization of Gap Junctions and Glutamate Receptors in the Outer Plexiform Layer of the Mammalian Retina

Information processing in the retina starts at the first synaptic layer, where photoreceptors and second-order neurons exhibit a complex architecture of glutamatergic and electrical synapses. To investigate the composition of this highly organized synaptic network, we determined the spatial relationship of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) with different connexins (Cx) and glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of rabbit, mouse, and monkey retinas. ZO-1 is well known as an intracellular component of tight and adherens junctions, but also interacts with various connexins at gap junctions. We found ZO-1 closely associated with Cx50 on dendrites of A-type horizontal cells in rabbit, and with Cx57 at dendro-dendritic gap junctions of mouse horizontal cells. The spatial arrangement of ZO-1 at the giant gap-junctional plaques in rabbit was particularly striking. ZO-1 formed a clear margin around the large Cx50 plaques instead of being colocalized with the connexin staining. Our finding suggests the involvement of ZO-1 in the composition of tight or adherens junctions around gap-junctional plaques instead of interacting with connexins directly. Furthermore, gap junctions were found to be clustered in close proximity to GluRs at the level of desmosome-like junctions, where horizontal cell dendrites converge before invaginating the cone pedicle. Based on this distinct spatial organization of gap junctions and GluRs, it is tempting to speculate that glutamate released from the photoreceptors may play a role in modulating the conductance of electrical synapses in the OPL.
Perceptive Spaces for Performance and Entertainment ( Revised ) yChristopher

Bulky head-mounted displays, data gloves, and severely limited movement have become synonymous with virtual environments. This is unfortunate since virtual environments have such great potential in applications such as entertainment , animation by example, design interface, information browsing, and even expressive performance. In this paper we describe an approach to unencumbered, natural interfaces called Perceptive Spaces. The spaces are unencum-bered because they utilize passive sensors that don't require special clothing and large format displays that don't isolate the user from their environment. The spaces are natural because the open environment facilitates active participation. Several applications illustrate the expressive power of this approach, as well as the challenges associated with designing these interfaces.
On the Creation of Dynamic, Interactive Virtual Environments

The creation of engaging, interactive virtual environments is a difficult task, but one that can be eased with the development of better software support. This paper proposes that a better understanding of the problem of building Dynamic, Interactive Virtual Environments must be developed. Equipped with an understanding of the design space of Dynamics, Dynamic Interaction, and Interactive Dynamics, the requirements for such a support system can be established. Finally, a system that supports the development of such environments is briefly presented, Functional Reactive Virtual Reality.
Relationship among speaking style, inter-phoneme's distance and speech recognition performance

There is a limit of recognition performance for dialogue speech using acoustic models built only with read speech, because various acoustic and linguistic phenomena, which re(cid:13)ect the characteristics of spontaneous speech, are observed in the dialogue speech. In this paper, we investigated the di(cid:11)erences of acoustic properties which cause the limit among isolated words, read speech and sponta-neous speech. Firstly, the dialogue speech was compared with the read speech through acoustic analyses. Next, the acoustic models were separately built with each of the speech databases. The recognition performance was experimentally evaluated using the acoustic models and the relations of the di(cid:11)erences of the performance to those of the acoustic features observed in the analyses were investigated quantitatively. The e(cid:11)ectiveness of speaker adaptation was also investigated in the same manner.
Robust stereo matching based on probabilistic Laplacian propagation with weighted mutual information

Conventional stereo matching methods provide the unsatisfactory results for stereo pairs under uncontrolled environments such as illumination distortions and camera device changes. A majority of efforts to address this problem has devoted to develop robust cost function. However, the stereo matching results by cost function cannot be liberated from a false correspondence when radiometric distortions exist. This paper presents a robust stereo matching approach based on probabilistic Laplacian propagation. In the proposed method, reliable ground control points are selected using weighted mutual information and reliability check. The ground control points are then propagated with probabilistic Laplacian. Since only reliable matching is propagated with the reliability of GCP, the proposed approach is robust to a false initial matching. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in stereo matching for image pairs taken under illumination and exposure distortions.
Adaptive Signal Management -a Modelica and C++ Interaction Example, the Signalflow Library

This paper presents an adaptive signal management Modelica library, “SignalFlow”, interconnected with a C++ class library. The objective is to simplify the signal exchange in large simulation models based on modular designs, which should correspond to the signal flow for real applications by representing common networks as models with general interfaces. The library enables automatic configurations during simulation using dynamic vectors and has additionally functions for exchanging several types of signals in both continuous and discrete mode. The work is an outcome for enabling “plug and produce” capabilities in scalable distributed power system applications that is exemplified.
The Pareto Copula, Aggregation of Risks and the Emperor's Socks

The copula of a multivariate distribution is the distribution transformed so that one dimensional marginal distributions are uniform. We review a different transformation of a multivariate distribution which yields standard Pareto for the marginal distributions and the resulting distribution we call the Pareto copula. Use of the Pareto copula has a certain claim to naturalness when considering asymptotic limit distributions for sums, maxima and empirical processes. We discuss implications for aggregation of risk and offer some examples.
Pseudo-NK: an Enhanced Model of Complexity

This paper is based on the acknowledgment that NK models are an extremely usefu l tool in order to represent and study the complexity stemming from interactions among components of a system. For this reason NK models have been applied in many domains, such as Organizational Sciences and Economics, as a simple and powerful tool for the representation of complexity. However, the paper suggests that NK suffers from un-necessary limitations and difficulties due to its peculiar implementation, originally devised for biological phenomena. We suggest that it is possible to devise alternative implementations of NK that, though maintaining the core aspects of the NK model, remove its major limitations to applications in new domains. The paper proposes one such a model, called pseudo-NK (pNK) model, which we describe and test. The proposed model appears to be able to replicate most, if not all, the properties of standard NK models, but also to offer wider possibilities. Namely, pNK uses real-valued (instead of binary) dimensions forming the landscape and allows for gradual levels of interaction among components (instead of presence-absence). These extensions provide the possibility to maintain the approach at the original of NK (and therefore, the compatibility with former results) and extend the application to further domains, where the limitations posed by NK are more striking.
Management of Patients Presenting with Acute Subdural Hematoma due to Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm

Acute subdural hematoma is a rare presentation of ruptured aneurysms. The rarity of the disease makes it difficult to establish reliable clinical guidelines. Many patients present comatose and differential diagnosis is complicated due to aneurysm rupture results in or mimics traumatic brain injury. Fast decision-making is required to treat this life-threatening condition. Determining initial diagnostic studies, as well as making treatment decisions, can be complicated by rapid deterioration of the patient, and the mixture of symptoms due to the subarachnoid hemorrhage or mass effect of the hematoma. This paper reviews initial clinical and radiological findings, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and outcome of patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by acute subdural hematoma. Clinical strategies used by several authors over the past 20 years are discussed and summarized in a proposed treatment flowchart.
A Framework for Large-Area Mapping of Past and Present Cropping Activity Using Seasonal Landsat Images and Time Series Metrics

Crop extent and frequency maps are an important input to inform the debate around land value and competitive land uses, in particular between cropping and mining in the case of Queensland, Australia. Such spatial datasets are useful for supporting decisions on natural resource management, planning and policy. For the major broadacre cropping regions of Queensland, Australia, the complete Landsat Time Series (LTS) archive from 1987 to 2015 was used in a multi-temporal mapping approach, where spatial, spectral and temporal information were combined in multiple crop-modelling steps, supported by training data sampled across space and time for the classes Crop and No-Crop. Temporal information within summer and winter growing seasons were summarised for each year, and combined with various vegetation indices and band ratios computed from a pixel-based mid-season spectral synthetic image. All available temporal information was spatially aggregated to the scale of image segments in the mid-season synthetic image for each growing season and used to train a number of different predictive models for a Crop and No-Crop classification. Validation revealed that the predictive accuracy varied by growing season and region and a random forest classifier performed best, with κ = 0.88 to 0.91 for the summer growing season and κ = 0.91 to 0.97 for the winter growing season, and are thus suitable for mapping current and historic cropping activity.
An Experimental Approach for Collecting Snippets Describing the Relations between Wikipedia Articles

In this paper, we deal with a simple scenario: a student Bob wants to know why "mathematics" is very important to "physics", or in a more specic case, why "dierential equations" play a prominent role in the study of "uid dynamics". In a dierent way, the scenario can also be stretched: Bob already had enough knowledge about "articial intelligence" and now he wants to learn about "semantic web". According to the scenario, we try to examine the possibilities to give Bob an answer on the basis of the available knowledge resources on the Web. We run a small experiment using Wikipedia articles as knowledge resources. First, we crawl a number of Wikipedia articles that are relevant to our scenarios and then we identify the intra-wiki links (links to the other Wikipedia articles) within the page body of the articles. For each link, we also identify the piece of text (snippet) where the link is located. Second, we apply a simple recursive algorithm to discover the relations (links and snippets) between articles, e.g. the possible connections between article "articial intelligence" and "semantic web". Finally, we evaluate whether the found snippets could pithily describe the relations.
Finding safe paths in a faulty environment

This paper addresses the problem of finding safe paths through a network, some of whose nodes may be faulty. By a safe path we mean one between two nodes that does not contain any faulty node. The kinds of faults that concern us are not limited to those that may cause a failure of a node or link, but include those that may cause a node to distort messages in arbitrary ways. Furthermore, we want a distributed algorithm to allow the network itself to discover suitable paths without depending on a central controller for the analysis. More broadly, we assume that each node has only local knowledge of the network structure.
SUN proteins and nuclear envelope spacing

The nuclear envelope consists of 2 membranes separated by 30–50 nm, but how the 2 membranes are evenly spaced has been an open question in the field. Nuclear envelope bridges composed of inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins have been proposed to set and regulate nuclear envelope spacing. We tested this hypothesis directly by examining nuclear envelope spacing in Caenorhabditis elegans animals lacking UNC-84, the sole somatic SUN protein. SUN/KASH bridges are not required to maintain even nuclear envelope spacing in most tissues. However, UNC-84 is required for even spacing in body wall muscle nuclei. Shortening UNC-84 by 300 amino acids did not narrow the nuclear envelope space. While SUN proteins may play a role in maintaining nuclear envelope spacing in cells experiencing forces, our data suggest they are dispensable in most cells.
Winter Hibernation and UCHL1-p34cdc2 Association in Toad Oocyte Maturation Competence

Currently, it is believed that toad oocyte maturation is dependent on the physiological conditions of winter hibernation. Previous antibody-blocking experiments have demonstrated that toad ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (tUCHL1) is necessary for germinal vesicle breakdown during toad oocyte maturation. In this paper, we first supply evidence that tUCHL1 is highly evolutionarily conserved. Then, we exclude protein availability and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase enzyme activity as factors in the response of oocytes to winter hibernation. In the context of MPF (maturation promoting factor) controlling oocyte maturation and to further understand the role of UCHL1 in oocyte maturation, we performed adsorption and co-immunoprecipitation experiments using toad oocyte protein extracts and determined that tUCHL1 is associated with MPF in toad oocytes. Recombinant tUCHL1 absorbed p34cdc2, a component of MPF, in obviously larger quantities from mature oocytes than from immature oocytes, and p13suc1 was isolated from tUCHL1 with a dependence on the ATP regeneration system, suggesting that still other functions may be involved in their association that require phosphorylation. In oocytes from hibernation-interrupted toads, the p34cdc2 protein level was significantly lower than in oocytes from toads in artificial hibernation, providing an explanation for the different quantities isolated by recombinant tUCHL1 pull-down and, more importantly, identifying a mechanism involved in the toad oocyte’s dependence on a low environmental temperature during winter hibernation. Therefore, in toads, tUCHL1 binds p34cdc2 and plays a role in oocyte maturation. However, neither tUCHL1 nor cyclin B1 respond to low temperatures to facilitate oocyte maturation competence during winter hibernation.
The evolving cobweb of relations among partially rational investors

To overcome the limitations of neoclassical economics, researchers have leveraged tools of statistical physics to build novel theories. The idea was to elucidate the macroscopic features of financial markets from the interaction of its microscopic constituents, the investors. In this framework, the model of the financial agents has been kept separate from that of their interaction. Here, instead, we explore the possibility of letting the interaction topology emerge from the model of the agents’ behavior. Then, we investigate how the emerging cobweb of relationship affects the overall market dynamics. To this aim, we leverage tools from complex systems analysis and nonlinear dynamics, and model the network of mutual influence as the output of a dynamical system describing the edge evolution. In this work, the driver of the link evolution is the relative reputation between possibly coupled agents. The reputation is built differently depending on the extent of rationality of the investors. The continuous edge activation or deactivation induces the emergence of leaders and of peculiar network structures, typical of real influence networks. The subsequent impact on the market dynamics is investigated through extensive numerical simulations in selected scenarios populated by partially rational investors.
Jdl Level 5 Fusion Model " User Refinement " Issues and Applications in Group Tracking

The 1999 Joint Director of Labs (JDL) revised model incorporates five levels for fusion methodologies including level 0 for preprocessing, level 1 for object refinement, level 2 for situation refinement, level 3 for threat refinement, and level 4 for process refinement. The model was developed to define the fusion process. However, the model is only for automatic processing of a machine and does not account for human processing. Typically, a fusion architecture supports a user and thus, we propose a Level 5 " User refinement " to delineate the human from the machine in the process refinement. Typical " human in the loop " models do not deal with a machine fusion process, but only present the information to the human on a display. We seek to address issues for designing a fusion system which supports a user: trust, workload, attention and situation awareness. In this paper, we overview the need for a Level 5, the issues concerning the human for realizable fusion architectures, and examples where the human is instrumental in the fusion process such as group tracking.
A ground truth building approach for evaluation of grid based discretization techniques in automotive scenarios

Three-dimensional environment perception is one of the most important tasks for an autonomous vehicle. Map-based approaches play a fundamental role in the representation of vehicle surroundings, allowing several perception features, such as obstacle detection or road classification. However, benchmarks available in literature do not allow to evaluate the accuracy of these discrete representations, focusing only on the results downstream the maps. The proposed system uses a stochastic approach to evaluate a generic discrete representation of a three-dimensional world. The evaluation process consists in comparing a local perceived representation with the corresponding previously computed ground truth. The ground truth is automatically generated exploiting either accurate depth sensing and precise localization information. A test case is proposed, using stereo vision data and Digital Elevation Maps.
Ca2+ Entry is Required for Mechanical Stimulation-induced ATP Release from Astrocyte

Astrocytes and neurons are inseparable partners in the brain. Neurotransmitters released from neurons activate corresponding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) expressed in astrocytes, resulting in release of gliotransmitters such as glutamate, D-serine, and ATP. These gliotransmitters in turn influence neuronal excitability and synaptic activities. Among these gliotransmitters, ATP regulates the level of network excitability and is critically involved in sleep homeostasis and astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations. ATP is known to be released from astrocytes by Ca2+-dependent manner. However, the precise source of Ca2+, whether it is Ca2+ entry from outside of cell or from the intracellular store, is still not clear yet. Here, we performed sniffer patch to detect ATP release from astrocyte by using various stimulation. We found that ATP was not released from astrocyte when Ca2+ was released from intracellular stores by activation of Gαq-coupled GPCR including PAR1, P2YR, and B2R. More importantly, mechanical stimulation (MS)-induced ATP release from astrocyte was eliminated when external Ca2+ was omitted. Our results suggest that Ca2+ entry, but not release from intracellular Ca2+ store, is critical for MS-induced ATP release from astrocyte.
Monetary Rewards for Open Source Software Developers

Open source software (OSS) has changed the landscape and economics of software industry. Large software firms are changing their business models to incorporate OSS for long term success. As a result of greater organizational involvement in OSS, there is an increased prevalence of reward options for OSS developers. However, introducing compensation/rewards to these ideologically motivated communities may threaten their sustainability. We don’t know the nature and type of rewards that would be acceptable in OSS developer community. Using grounded theory methodology, we extracted the concepts regarding developers’ perception of rewards in OSS community and how developers prefer to be compensated. This paper contributes to the literature of open source software development by (1) providing in depth examination of the developers’ intention to work on the OSS project if compensated (2) providing an initial theory for understanding when compensation helps an OSS project and when it hinders.
In Vivo Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Carbon-11-Labeled Clozapine in Healthy Volunteers: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

We investigated clozapine (CLZ) tissue pharmacokinetics in vivo by using carbon‐11‐labeled CLZ (11C‐CLZ) and positron emission tomography (PET). Eight healthy volunteers underwent 11C‐CLZ studies wherein computed tomography image acquisition was followed by PET scans (whole‐body, four; brain, four). After bolus intravenous 11C‐CLZ injection, PET images were acquired at various timepoints for 2–3 hours. Tissue 11C‐CLZ signals were plotted over time, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. High 11C‐CLZ radioactivity was detected in the liver and brain, implying CLZ hepatic metabolism and efficient blood–brain barrier penetration. The urinary and hepatobiliary tracts were involved in 11C‐CLZ excretion. Moderate to high radioactivity was observed in the dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor‐rich brain regions, indicating CLZ binding to multiple receptor types. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the determination of 11C‐CLZ tissue pharmacokinetics in humans. PET using radiolabeled drugs can provide valuable information that could complement plasma pharmacokinetic data.
A TAG-derived Database for Treebank Search and Parser Analysis

Recent work has proposed the use of an extracted tree grammar as the basis for treebank analysis, in which queries are stated over the elementary trees, which are small chunks of syntactic structure. In this work we integrate search over the derivation tree with this approach in order to analyze differences between two sets of annotation on the same text, an important problem for parser analysis and evaluation of inter-annotator agreement.