Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Novel Sensor Materials

The xZnO-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 and xZrO2-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles systems have been obtained by mechanochemical activation for x=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 and for ball milling times ranging from 2 to 24 hours. Structural and magnetic characteristics of the zinc and zirconium-doped hematite systems were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Using the dual absorber method, the recoilless fraction was derived as function of ball milling time for each value of the molar concentration involved. As ZnO is not soluble in hematite in the bulk form, the present study clearly illustrates that the solubility limits of an immiscible system can be extended beyond the limits in the solid state by mechanochemical activation. Moreover, this synthetic route allowed us to reach nanometric particle dimensions, which makes these materials very important for gas sensing applications.
Regeneration Of Initial Properties After FatigueDamage In Aluminium Alloys

In the present work, the effects of heat treatments on the evolution of oligocyclic fatigue damage on two types of aluminium alloys were studied. The two alloys are largely used in the aircraft industry because of their good mechanical characteristics and their lightness. The main factor influencing damage of these two types of alloys is decohesion of interfaces in Al-Si, Al-Cu and Al-Mg particles resulting from the stress concentration in these interfaces. Our work is to repair this decohesion by the use of specific heat treatments. The monitoring of the damage evolution is done by using the variation of electrical resistivity resulting from the microstructure transformations; this change of the microstructure is due to the variation of different parameters of annealing heat treatment. This method allowed us to find the best parameters of the heat treatments to use during repair. Those parameters are: temperature, maintaining time and speed of cooling. The idea of using heat treatments is based on the role of those heat treatments on the microstructure of material, on its behaviour before and after the first stage of fatigue damage. From this viewpoint, we had to make the microcavities created during the fatigue damage decrease; it will be only a contribution to the regeneration of the initial properties before this damage. The results obtained showed that the regeneration of the initial properties of the material after fatigue damage is possible with appropriate heat treatments and optimal treatment exists if a certain threshold of damage is not reached. Finally, this process can be envisaged to increase the fatigue life of components when these are submitted to fatigue loading.
Mobile Interaction with the Real World

The workshop on Mobile Interaction with the Real World (MIRW 2009) will invite papers which focus on new mobile and wearable input and output interfaces which allow simpler and straightforward interactions with mobile services and applications. An inherit problem of current mobile devices are their limited output and input capabilities. This workshop continues a successful series of workshops (2006--2008) that focus on new approaches to overcome these issues. Examples are the usage of external visual interfaces (e.g. projector phones, public displays, interactive surfaces) and additional input capabilities (e.g. gestures, on-body interfaces, pointing) and innovative feedback mechanisms (e.g. tactile feedback). The workshop combines technical presentations with the presentation of prototypes and focused discussions to drive interaction between participants.
Hemodynamics of the sapheno-femoral junction. Patterns of reflux and their clinical implications.

AIM The detection of reflux elicited by the compression/release test with the PW Doppler sample at the level of the sapheno-femoral arch might not be sufficient by itself to diagnose the incompetence of the whole sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ). The aim of this study was to further refine the diagnosis by positioning the PW Doppler sample at different levels of SFJ and eliciting reflux both by squeezing and with the Valsalva manoeuvre. In addition, the relationship of the findings with the vein diameter was taken into consideration. METHODS By using a high resolution duplex scanner, 1 294 great saphenous veins (GSV) found to be incompetent by the compression/release test at duplex investigation of the saphenous arch, were also tested at the same level by the Valsalva manoeuvre. Subsequently, the tests were repeated by positioning the PW Doppler sample at the femoral side of the terminal valve, at the saphenous arch tributaries, and at the pre-terminal valve level. Furthermore, the GSV diameter in the standing position was measured at 15 cm from the groin in all patients, and correlated with the hemodynamic patterns found at the junction level. RESULTS Comparing to compression/release test at the level of the saphenous arch, the Valsalva manoeuvre was negative in 259 (20%) lower limbs and positive in 1 035 (80%). Among the 1 294 GSV found to be incompetent at compression/release test at the level of the saphenous arch, only 710 (55%) lower limbs showed incompetence of the terminal valve. A total of 124 patients (10%), presenting with a competent terminal valve but with a positive Valsalva manoeuvre in the arch, showed a downward flow from a pelvic tributary of the GSV. Finally, a significant statistical correlation between the presence of a competent terminal valve and a GSV diameter <5 mm has been found (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our data show that the detection of reflux elicited by compression/release test at the level of the saphenous arch is insufficient to diagnose the incompetence of the terminal valve. Our results, together with the correlation between the saphenous trunk diameter at the thigh and the competence or the incompetence of the terminal valve, present significant clinical implications when sapheno-femoral surgical disconnection is contemplated.
Genome-wide Profiling of 8-Oxoguanine Reveals Its Association with Spatial Positioning in Nucleus

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most common DNA lesions generated by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we analysed the genome-wide distribution profile of 8-oxoG by combining immunoprecipitation by antibodies specific for the DNA fragments containing 8-oxoG with a microarray that covers rat genome. Genome-wide mapping of 8-oxoG in normal rat kidney revealed that 8-oxoG is preferentially located at gene deserts. We did not observe differences in 8-oxoG levels between groups of genes with high and low expression, possibly because of the generally low 8-oxoG levels in genic regions compared with gene deserts. The distribution of 8-oxoG and lamina-associated domains (LADs) were strongly correlated, suggesting that the spatial location of genomic DNA in the nucleus determines the susceptibility to oxidative modifications. One possible explanation for high 8-oxoG levels in LADs is that the nuclear periphery is more susceptible to the oxidative damage caused by the extra-nuclear factors. Moreover, LADs have a rather compact conformation, which may limit the recruitment of repair components to the modified bases.
Hyperlocal: inferring location of IP addresses in real-time bid requests for mobile ads

To conduct a successful targeting campaign in mobile advertising, one needs to have reliable location information from real-time bid requests. However, many real-time bid requests do not include fine-grained location information (such as latitude and longitude) because (1) the device or the application did not collect that information or (2) some components of the real-time bid ecosystem did not forward that information. In this paper, we present a three-step approach that takes as input hashed public IP addresses in real-time bid requests and (1) creates a weighted heterogenous network, (2) applies network-inference techniques to infer fine-grain (but possibly noisy) location information for the hashed public IPs, and (3) uses k-nearest neighbor and census data to assign census block group IDs to those hashed public IPs. Our experiments on two large real-world datasets show the accuracy of our approach to be over 74% for hashed IPs (regardless of their type: mobile or non-mobile) when basing the inference on only hashed public mobile IPs. This is notable since our inference is over 212K possibilities.
Large‐scale, long‐term nonadiabatic electron molecular dynamics for describing material properties and phenomena in extreme environments

We describe the first principle‐based electron force field (eFF) methodology for modeling the simultaneous dynamics of electrons and nuclei (eMD) evolving nonadiabatically under transient extreme conditions. We introduce the parallel implementation of eFF (pEFF) that makes it practical to perform simulations of the nonadiabatic dynamics of materials in extreme environments involving millions of nuclei and electrons, over multi‐picoseconds time scales, and demonstrate its application to: (i) accurately determine density and predict percent ionization of hydrogen at high pressure (∼61 GPa) and temperatures up to 15,300 K and (ii) determine, the single shock Hugoniot for lithium metal directly from the shock wave kinematics, i.e., mass velocities (Up) and shock wave velocities (Us), and shock density data. For (i), the density and ionization fractions of hydrogen atoms were calculated using the isobaric–isothermal ensemble at an isotropic pressure of 61.4 GPa and for temperatures between 300 K and 15,300 K. The results at 15,300 K describe a molecular fluid with density ρ = 0.36 g/cm3, in close agreement with existing experiments and theory, and ∼0.5% ionization. This result provides no indication of the existence of a critical plasma phase‐transition point at this particular temperature and pressure, as previously predicted by others. For (ii), the relationship between Up and Us was characterized to be linear and plastic in the range 1–20 km/s, and the single shock Hugoniot was determined in close agreement with published results for experimentally reported Ups. In addition to this, we provide a description of the materials' behavior for large Ups in terms of the appearance of a weak metallic plasma phase by Up = 10 km/s, with ≃ 8% ionization, gradually transitioning to a denser plasma with an estimated ≃ 35% ionization by Up = 15 km/s. Last but not least, we confirm the computational efficiency and scalability of pEFF by comparing its single processor performance against the fastest existing serial code, which results in a linear speedup ∼10× faster for every 16,000 particles in favor of pEFF, and by evaluating its parallel performance in terms of its strong and weak scaling capabilities. Our results, on Los Alamos's Lobo supercomputer (a 38TFLOPSs Linux HPC with Quad‐core AMD Opteron nodes interconnected with an Infiniband), show strong scaling with near ideal speedups for loads >62 particles per processor. Weak scaling is shown to be close to linear under the same per‐processor load range. As an absolute reference, an NVT run with 2 million particle lithium bulk system (0.5 M nuclei and 1.5 M electrons) on Lobo takes ∼0.44 s/timestep on 1024 processors (∼1 day/ps using an integration timestep of 0.005 fs). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Sero‐immunity and serologic response to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Hong Kong

To study the serologic response to the new pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Hong Kong, the level of immunity was measured before and after the occurrence of the outbreak, and the titer of antibody to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in serum samples of laboratory confirmed cases. The presence of pre‐outbreak pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus antibodies in 37% of individuals older than >65 years suggested previous exposures to heterologous virus strains may have elicited cross‐reacting antibody. Following large outbreaks of pandemic influenza A 2009 virus that peaked in September 2009, there is a change in immunity level in various age groups consistent with the attack rates among population in Hong Kong. Among individuals with mild clinical presentation, the antibody response to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was stronger in those individuals aged ≤24 years but took more time to reach a titer of 40 when compared with those aged >24 years; however, the antibody level declined slower among individuals aged ≤24 years. Regardless of age, the antibody response rose rapidly and reached much higher titer among individuals with severe clinical presentation. Further study is required to collect additional data on antibody persistence and determine how much protection is conferred by previous exposure to seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses. J. Med. Virol. 82:1809–1815, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complement Attack against Aspergillus and Corresponding Evasion Mechanisms

Invasive aspergillosis shows a high mortality rate particularly in immunocompromised patients. Perpetually increasing numbers of affected patients highlight the importance of a clearer understanding of interactions between innate immunity and fungi. Innate immunity is considered to be the most significant host defence against invasive fungal infections. Complement represents a crucial part of this first line defence and comprises direct effects against invading pathogens as well as bridging functions to other parts of the immune network. However, despite the potency of complement to attack foreign pathogens, the prevalence of invasive fungal infections is increasing. Two possible reasons may explain that phenomenon: First, complement activation might be insufficient for an effective antifungal defence in risk patients (due to, e.g., low complement levels, poor recognition of fungal surface, or missing interplay with other immune elements in immunocompromised patients). On the other hand, fungi may have developed evasion strategies to avoid recognition and/or eradication by complement. In this review, we summarize the most important interactions between Aspergillus and the complement system. We describe the various ways of complement activation by Aspergillus and the antifungal effects of the system, and also show proven and probable mechanisms of Aspergillus for complement evasion.
Detection of random transient signals via hyperparameter estimation

Difficulties arise with the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) in situations where one or more of the unknown signal parameters requires an enumeration that is computationally intractable. In the transient signal detection problem, the frequency characteristics of the signal are typically unknown; therefore, even if an aggregate signal bandwidth is assumed, the estimation problem intrinsic to the GLRT requires an enumeration of all possible sets of signal locations within the monitored band. In this paper, a prior distribution is imposed over those portions of the signal parameter space that traditionally require enumeration. By replacing intractable enumeration over possible signal characteristics with an a priori signal distribution and by estimating the "hyperparameters" (of the prior distribution) jointly with other signal parameters, it is possible to obtain a new formulation of the GLRT that avoids enumeration and is computationally feasible. The GLRT philosophy is not changed by this approach-what is different from the original GLRT is the underlying signal model. The performance of this new approach appears to be competitive with that of a scheme of emerging acceptance: the "power-law" detector.
Effect of water sorption on the structure and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin system

The characteristics of sorption and diffusion of water in an amine-cured epoxy system based on tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane and a novolac glycidyl ether resin were studied as a function both of the polymer microstructure, known from previous works, and the temperature. Water-sorption experiments and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed. Tensile stress–strain and Rockwell hardness tests were conducted to investigate the effects of absorbed water on the mechanical properties of the material. Competing effects of the sorption of water in the free volume and of strong interactions between water molecules and polar groups of the network were used to explain the diffusional behavior observed, which followed Fick's second law. DMA analysis seemed to be sensitive to the water effects and the viscoelastic behavior was related both to the water-sorption processes and to the microstructure of the system. An important impact of water uptake on the tensile properties at break was also appreciated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 71–80, 2001
Syntactic and Semantic Knowledge in the DELPHI Unification Grammar

This paper presents recent natural language work on HARC, the BBN Spoken Language System. The HARC system incorporates the Byblos system [6] as its speech recognition component and the natural language system Delphi, which consists of a bottom-up parser paired with an integrated syntax/semantics unification grammar, a discourse module, and a database question-answering backend. The paper focuses on the syntactic and semantic analyses made in the grammar.
Proactive user association in wireless small cell networks via collaborative filtering

In this paper, we propose a proactive cell association framework for small cell networks, based on content recommendations. We focus on multimedia data services and characterize the user's quality of experience (QoE) in terms of mean opinion scores (MOSs) that accurately reflect characteristics of the wireless transmissions and data applications. Based on such information, we propose a collaborative filtering approach that enables the small base stations (SBSs) to exploit the correlation across similar user and application requirements to predict the QoE that a UE-SBS association delivers. By leveraging such knowledge, the SBSs ultimately devise better-informed user-cell associations and more precise bandwidth allocations. We model this problem as a matching game with externalities, propose a decentralized algorithm based interference graph theory, and discuss the matching stability conditions in the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the proposed solution yields more precise bandwidth allocations reaching up to 19% spectrum savings, compared to conventional cell association approaches.
An Investigation on Machining Power of EN-AC 48000 Aluminum Alloy Used in Automotive and Aerospace Industries

In this paper, the effect of machining parameters including cutting velocity, feed rate, and tool material on machining power of EN-AC 48000 aluminium alloy has been studied. A L27 Taguchi's standard orthogonal array has been applied as experimental design to investigate the effect of the factors and their interaction. Twenty seven machining tests have been accomplished with two random repetitions, resulting in fifty four experiments. EN-AC 48000 is an important alloy in automotive and aerospace industries. Machining of this alloy is of vital importance due to build-up edge and tool wear. Machining power is an essential parameter affecting the tool life, dimensional accuracy, and cutting efficiency. Three types of cutting tools including coated carbide (CD 1810), uncoated carbide (H10), and polycrystalline diamond (CD10) have been used in this study. Statistical analysis has been employed to study the effect of factors and their interactions using ANOVA analysis. Moreover, optimal factor levels have been presented using signal to noise ratio (S/N) analysis. Also, regression model have been provided to predict the machining power. Finally, the results of confirmation tests have been presented to verify and compare the adequacy of the predictive models.
A fuzzy reinforcement learning approach to power control in wireless transmitters

We address the issue of power-controlled shared channel access in wireless networks supporting packetized data traffic. We formulate this problem using the dynamic programming framework and present a new distributed fuzzy reinforcement learning algorithm (ACFRL-2) capable of adequately solving a class of problems to which the power control problem belongs. Our experimental results show that the algorithm converges almost deterministically to a neighborhood of optimal parameter values, as opposed to a very noisy stochastic convergence of earlier algorithms. The main tradeoff facing a transmitter is to balance its current power level with future backlog in the presence of stochastically changing interference. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the ACFRL-2 algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the standard power control approach used in CDMA2000. Such a large improvement is explained by the fact that ACFRL-2 allows transmitters to learn implicit coordination policies, which back off under stressful channel conditions as opposed to engaging in escalating "power wars".
Birth of scale-free molecular networks and the number of distinct DNA and protein domains per genome

MOTIVATION Current growth in the field of genomics has provided a number of exciting approaches to the modeling of evolutionary mechanisms within the genome. Separately, dynamical and statistical analyses of networks such as the World Wide Web and the social interactions existing between humans have shown that these networks can exhibit common fractal properties-including the property of being scale-free. This work attempts to bridge these two fields and demonstrate that the fractal properties of molecular networks are linked to the fractal properties of their underlying genomes. RESULTS We suggest a stochastic model capable of describing the evolutionary growth of metabolic or signal-transduction networks. This model generates networks that share important statistical properties (so-called scale-free behavior) with real molecular networks. In particular, the frequency of vertices connected to exactly k other vertices follows a power-law distribution. The shape of this distribution remains invariant to changes in network scale: a small subgraph has the same distribution as the complete graph from which it is derived. Furthermore, the model correctly predicts that the frequencies of distinct DNA and protein domains also follow a power-law distribution. Finally, the model leads to a simple equation linking the total number of different DNA and protein domains in a genome with both the total number of genes and the overall network topology. AVAILABILITY MatLab (MathWorks, Inc.) programs described in this manuscript are available on request from the authors. CONTACT ar345@columbia.edu.
Identification of mechanical properties of CuSil-steel brazed structures joints: a numerical approach

In this paper, the inverse method is used to identify the mechanical characteristics of a brazed joint. This technique is based upon tensile tests and/or shearing test combined with the results of a calculation using finite elements method. This paper shows that calculation of a brazed assembly under an elastic behavior assumption is flawed. A correct study of a brazed assembly must be done under an elastoplastic assumption. The presented method will be used for calculation of molds manufactured by stratoconception (sheet metal assembling).