Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate mixed electrical and electromagnetic model of a 6,5kV IGBT module

The compact model development of a 6,5 kV field-stop IGBT module is presented. In particular, the model considers the realistic interconnection of IGBTs and anti-parallel diodes found in commercial modules, providing, next to semiconductor physics, an accurate description of electro-magnetic (EM) phenomena associated with the package and layout. A selection of simulation examples demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed solution.
Functional Equivalence of WAIS-III/WMS-III Digit and Spatial Span under Forward and Backward Recall Conditions

The purpose of the current study was to examine the performance characteristics of the Wechsler Spatial Span subtest in a mixed clinical sample. Contrary to expectation, differential patterns of performance were obtained on the Digit and Spatial Span tasks. Forward Digit Span scores were significantly higher than backward recall scores, but this was not the case for Spatial Span. There were no differences between forward and backward raw Spatial Span scores at the mean level. Further, about one third of the sample showed better performance on backward compared to forward Spatial Span. In addition, performance on the Spatial Span backward task correlated unexpectedly with that of the WMS-III Immediate and Delayed Auditory Index scores. Overall, the findings suggest that clinicians should be hesitant when interpreting the Spatial Span task, and the backward condition in particular, as a measure of working memory. Finally, methodological concerns with the Spatial Span task are noted, raising additional concerns regarding the meaning of this task.
Discontinuous feedback stabilization using nonlinear model predictive controllers

We propose a model predictive control (MPC) framework to generate feedback controls for time-varying nonlinear systems with input constraints. One of the main features of this framework is to allow the feedback laws to be discontinuous and thereby enlarge the class of nonlinear systems that can be stabilized by continuous-time MPC. We consider a continuous-time MPC framework and perform a continuous-time stability analysis while considering that the inter-sampling times are nonzero and that the open-loop optimal control problems are solved at every sampling instant. The feedback law generated by MPC is not a function of the state at every instant of time, rather it is a function of the state at the last sampling instant. The trajectories resulting from this "sampling-feedback" are well-defined even when the feedback is discontinuous. Important classes of nonlinear systems that could not be stabilized by a continuous feedback, such as nonholonomic systems, can now be addressed in a continuous-time MPC framework.
Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment

Printed on recycled paper The overall goal of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Rapid Ecoregional Assessments (REAs) is to provide information that supports regional planning and analysis for the management of ecological resources. The REA provides an assessment of baseline ecological conditions, an evaluation of current risks from drivers of ecosystem change, and a predictive capacity for evaluating future risks. Additionally, the REA may be used for identifying priority areas for conservation or restoration and for assessing cumulative effects of multiple land uses. There are several components of the REA. Management Questions, developed by the BLM and other agency partners for the ecoregion, identify the information needed for addressing land-management responsibilities. Conservation Elements represent regionally significant aquatic and terrestrial species, species assemblages, and biomes that are to be conserved and (or) restored. To assess the status of each Conservation Element, key ecological attributes (such as crucial wintering areas for mule deer or habitat connectivity for greater sage-grouse) are identified and evaluated. The REA also will assess major drivers of ecosystem change, called Change Agents, currently affecting or likely to affect the status of Conservation Elements in the future.
Label-free live brain imaging and targeted patching with third-harmonic generation microscopy

The ability to visualize neurons inside living brain tissue is a fundamental requirement in neuroscience and neurosurgery. Especially the development of a noninvasive probe of brain morphology with micrometer-scale resolution is highly desirable, as it would provide a noninvasive approach to optical biopsies in diagnostic medicine. Two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (2PLSM) is a powerful tool in this regard, and has become the standard for minimally invasive high-resolution imaging of living biological samples. However, while 2PLSM-based optical methods provide sufficient resolution, they have been hampered by the requirement for fluorescent dyes to provide image contrast. Here we demonstrate high-contrast imaging of live brain tissue at cellular resolution, without the need for fluorescent probes, using optical third-harmonic generation (THG). We exploit the specific geometry and lipid content of brain tissue at the cellular level to achieve partial phase matching of THG, providing an alternative contrast mechanism to fluorescence. We find that THG brain imaging allows rapid, noninvasive label-free imaging of neurons, white-matter structures, and blood vessels simultaneously. Furthermore, we exploit THG-based imaging to guide micropipettes towards designated neurons inside live tissue. This work is a major step towards label-free microscopic live brain imaging, and opens up possibilities for the development of laser-guided microsurgery techniques in the living brain.
Sediment suspension due to waves

[1] A simulation of the turbulent flow and sediment dynamics in the boundary layer originated close to the seabed by a first-order Stokes wave is performed. The flow field is obtained by the numerical integration of Navier-Stokes and continuity equations while sediment trajectories are computed via a simplified model that assumes a one-way coupling. Hence the results describe situations characterized by low concentrations and small values of the Stokes particle number. The investigation of the interaction of turbulent vortex structures with sediment shows that particles are picked up from the bed and carried into suspension when the low-speed streaks start to break up and to generate small incoherent vortices that increase mixing effects. The low-speed streaks are generated close to the seabed at the end of the accelerating phases, when the flow velocity is maximum, and breakdown during the decelerating phases of the cycle. The effects of turbulence structure and sediment characteristics on pickup and deposition rates are investigated and quantified by varying the values of the parameters which control the phenomenon.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt): an expanding universe of protein information

The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) provides a central resource on protein sequences and functional annotation with three database components, each addressing a key need in protein bioinformatics. The UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), comprising the manually annotated UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot section and the automatically annotated UniProtKB/TrEMBL section, is the preeminent storehouse of protein annotation. The extensive cross-references, functional and feature annotations and literature-based evidence attribution enable scientists to analyse proteins and query across databases. The UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) speed similarity searches via sequence space compression by merging sequences that are 100% (UniRef100), 90% (UniRef90) or 50% (UniRef50) identical. Finally, the UniProt Archive (UniParc) stores all publicly available protein sequences, containing the history of sequence data with links to the source databases. UniProt databases continue to grow in size and in availability of information. Recent and upcoming changes to database contents, formats, controlled vocabularies and services are described. New download availability includes all major releases of UniProtKB, sequence collections by taxonomic division and complete proteomes. A bibliography mapping service has been added, and an ID mapping service will be available soon. UniProt databases can be accessed online at or downloaded at .
Low level recognition of human motion (or how to get your man without finding his body parts)

The recognition of human movements such as walking, running or climbing has been approached previously by tracking a number of feature points and either classifying the trajectories directly or matching them with a high-level model of the movement. A major difficulty with these methods is acquiring and trading the requisite feature points, which are generally specific joints such as knees or angles. This requires previous recognition and/or part segmentation of the actor. We show that the recognition of walking or any repetitive motion activity can be accomplished on the basis of bottom up processing, which does not require the prior identification of specific parts, or classification of the actor. In particular, we demonstrate that repetitive motion is such a strong cue, that the moving actor can be segmented, normalized spatially and temporally, and recognized by matching against a spatiotemporal template of motion features. We have implemented a real-time system that can recognize and classify repetitive motion activities in normal gray-scale image sequences. <<ETX>>
Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen- specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1275]

T cells recognize peptides that are bound to MHC molecules on the surface of different types of antigen-presenting cells (APC). Antigen presentation most often is studied using T cells that have undergone priming in situ, or cell lines that have been chronically stimulated in vitro. The use of primed cells provides sufficient numbers of antigen- reactive lymphocytes for experimental study. A more complete understanding of immunogenicity, however, requires that one develop systems for studying the onset of a T cell response from unprimed lymphocytes, especially in situ. Here it is shown that mouse T cells can be reliably primed in situ using dendritic cells as APC. The dendritic cells were isolated from spleen, pulsed with protein antigens, and then administered to naive mice. Antigen-responsive T cells developed in the draining lymphoid tissue, and these T cells only recognized protein when presented on cells bearing the same MHC products as the original priming dendritic cells. In contrast, little or no priming was seen if antigen-pulsed spleen cells or peritoneal cells were injected. Since very small amounts of the foreign protein were visualized within endocytic vacuoles of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, it is suggested that dendritic cells have a small but relevant vacuolar system for presenting antigens over a several day period in situ.
BodyMap-Xs: anatomical breakdown of 17 million animal ESTs for cross-species comparison of gene expression

BodyMap-Xs () is a database for cross-species gene expression comparison. It was created by the anatomical breakdown of 17 million animal expressed sequence tag (EST) records in DDBJ using a sorting program tailored for this purpose. In BodyMap-Xs, users are allowed to compare the expression patterns of orthologous and paralogous genes in a coherent manner. This will provide valuable insights for the evolutionary study of gene expression and identification of a responsive motif for a particular expression pattern. In addition, starting from a concise overview of the taxonomical and anatomical breakdown of all animal ESTs, users can navigate to obtain gene expression ranking of a particular tissue in a particular animal. This method may lead to the understanding of the similarities and differences between the homologous tissues across animal species. BodyMap-Xs will be automatically updated in synchronization with the major update in DDBJ, which occurs periodically.
Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks

New microstructural data on experimentally deformed “wet” and “dry” natural olivine rocks (Anita Bay and Aheim dunite), together with the other reliable experimental data, indicate that the experimental stress-recrystallized grain size relationship in olivine-rocks is largely independent of water content and temperature, and is only slightly dependent on the flow properties of the material. The experimental data cover a stress range of 30–300 MPa, water contents from <30 ppm to 300 ppm, and temperatures in the range 1100–1650°C. Local melt contents of up to 10 volume% cannot be demonstrated to have a significant effect on the stress—grain size relationship.
Foreground segmentation using adaptive mixture models in color and depth

Segmentation of novel or dynamic objects in a scene, often referred to as "background subtraction" or foreground segmentation", is a critical early in step in most computer vision applications in domains such as surveillance and human-computer interaction. All previously described, real-time methods fail to handle properly one or more common phenomena, such as global illumination changes, shadows, inter-reflections, similarity of foreground color to background and non-static backgrounds (e.g. active video displays or trees waving in the wind). The advent of hardware and software for real-time computation of depth imagery makes better approaches possible. We propose a method for modeling the background that uses per-pixel, time-adaptive, Gaussian mixtures in the combined input space of depth and luminance-invariant color. This combination in itself is novel, but we further improve it by introducing the ideas of (1) modulating the background model learning rate based on scene activity, and (2) making color-based segmentation criteria dependent on depth observations. Our experiments show that the method possesses much greater robustness to problematic phenomena than the prior state-of-the-art, without sacrificing real-time performance, making it well-suited for a wide range of practical applications in video event detection and recognition.
Landscape change monitoring in Alpine regions: decision making tools from remote sensing data for tourism development planning

In many Alpine regions tourism is a driving force in the environmental development and influences landscape in various ways. In two test site in the Swiss Alps with different tourism impact changes in landscape were analysed over a period of more than 100 years. Temporal sequences of aerial photographs were mosaicked and classified according to feature classes relevant to changes in landscape. An IRS-LISS image was classified likewise and additionally first tests with IKONOS data were carried out. For the period before 1940 historical maps were digitized. All data was introduced into a GIS where landscape changes were analysed specifically. The results showed a massive impact of tourism industry on landscape in one of the test sites. A main focus was thereby set on changes in forest cover and forest habit in relation to construction activities and in a last step to the tourists’ preferences.
A hybrid genetic algorithm/decision tree approach for coping with unbalanced classes

This paper proposes a new approach for coping with the problem of unbalanced classes, where some class(es) is(are) much less frequent than the other(s). The proposed approach is a hybrid genetic algorithm / decision tree system. The genetic algorithm acts as a wrapper, using the output of a decision tree algorithm (the state-of-the-art C5.0) to compute the fitness of population individuals (candidate solutions to the problem of unbalanced classes). We evaluate the proposed system on a case study application domain about census data.
Textile-Based Wearable Sensors for Assisting Sports Performance

There is a need for wearable sensors to assess physiological signals and body kinematics during exercise. Such sensors need to be straightforward to use, and ideally the complete system integrated fully within a garment. This would allow wearers to monitor their progress as they undergo an exercise training programme without the need to attach external devices. This takes physiological monitoring into a more natural setting. By developing textile sensors the intelligence is integrated into a sports garment in an innocuous manner. A number of textile based sensors are presented here that have been integrated into garments for various sports applications.
Decidability of code properties

We explore the borderline between decidability and undecidability of the following question: “Let C be a class of codes. Given a machine of type X , is it decidable whether the language lies in C or not? ” for codes in general, ω -codes, codes of finite and bounded deciphering delay, prefix, suffix and bi(pre)fix codes, and for finite automata equipped with different versions of push-down stores and counters.
Three-dimensional tomographic inversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic traveltime data

SUMMARY A tomographic inversion method is presented for the determination of 3-D velocity and interface structure from a wide range of body-wave seismic traveltime data types. It is applicable to refraction, wide-angle reflection, normal-incidence and multichannel seismic data, and is best suited to a combination of these that provides good independent constraints on seismic velocities and interface depths. The inversion process seeks a layer‐interface minimum-structure model that is able to explain the given data satisfactorily by inverting to minimize data misfit and model roughness norms simultaneously. This regularized inversion, and the use of smooth functions to describe velocities and depths, allows the highly non-linear tomographic problem to be approximated as a series of linear steps. The inversion process begins by optimizing the fit to the data of a highly-smoothed initial model. In each subsequent step, structure is allowed to develop in the model with successively greater detail evolving until a satisfactory fit to the data is obtained. Parameter uncertainties for the final model are then estimated using an a posteriori covariance matrix analysis. Smooth layer‐interface models are parametrized using regular grids of velocity and depth nodes from which spline-interpolated interface surfaces and velocity fields are defined. Forward modelling is achieved using ray perturbation theory and a two-point ray tracing method that is optimized for a large number of closely-spaced shot or receiver points. The method may be used to generate 1- and 2-D models (from, for example vertical seismic profile data or 2-D surveys) in which the 3-D geometry of a survey is correctly accounted for. The ability of the method to resolve typical target structures is tested in a synthetic salt dome inversion. From a set of noisy traveltime data, the model converges quickly to a well-resolved final model from different starting models. The application of this method to real data is demonstrated with a combined 3-D inversion of refraction and reflection data which provide P-wave velocity constraints on the methane hydrate stability zone in the Cascadia Margin offshore Vancouver Island.
A 3D fully convolutional neural network and a random walker to segment the esophagus in CT

Precise delineation of organs at risk (OAR) is a crucial task in radiotherapy treatment planning, which aims at delivering high dose to the tumour while sparing healthy tissues. In recent years algorithms showed high performance and the possibility to automate this task for many OAR. However, for some OAR precise delineation remains challenging. The esophagus with a versatile shape and poor contrast is among these structures. To tackle these issues we propose a 3D fully (convolutional neural network (CNN) driven random walk (RW) approach to automatically segment the esophagus on CT. First, a soft probability map is generated by the CNN. Then an active contour model (ACM) is fitted on the probability map to get a first estimation of the center line. The outputs of the CNN and ACM are then used in addition to CT Hounsfield values to drive the RW. Evaluation and training was done on 50 CTs with peer reviewed esophagus contours. Results were assessed regarding spatial overlap and shape similarities. The generated contours showed a mean Dice coefficient of 0.76, an average symmetric square distance of 1.36 mm and an average Hausdorff distance of 11.68 compared to the reference. These figures translate into a very good agreement with the reference contours and an increase in accuracy compared to other methods. We show that by employing a CNN accurate estimations of esophagus location can be obtained and refined by a post processing RW step. One of the main advantages compared to previous methods is that our network performs convolutions in a 3D manner, fully exploiting the 3D spatial context and performing an efficient and precise volume-wise prediction. The whole segmentation process is fully automatic and yields esophagus delineations in very good agreement with the used gold standard, showing that it can compete with previously published methods.
Palaeoenvironmental implications of geochemistry and radiolarians from Upper Devonian chert/shale sequences of the Truong Son fold belt, Laos

A new locality of Frasnian radiolarian chert and siliceous shale is reported in the Vilabouly area, within the Truong Son fold belt of central Laos, in the eastern part of the Indochina Terrane. Samples from this locality, together with previously described radiolarian–bearing siliceous shale from Ban Phonxai, 100 km further north, have been geochemically analysed. Most of the Ce anomalies from Vilabouly and Ban Phonxai exhibit negative normalized values suggesting deposition in an open–marine basin and in a transition zone between open–marine and continental margin environments, respectively. NASC and chondrite‐normalized REE and La/Ce plots and trace element contents support this interpretation. Normalized La/Yb values indicate removal of LREEs relative to HREEs from the water column, suggesting deposition far from terrigenous sources for the Vilabouly samples. The Eu/Eu* values are not pronounced which, with the high values of Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3), indicate minimal hydrothermal influence. Both sections are characterized by a distinctive Frasnian radiolarian and tentaculitid assemblage. The new radiolarian fauna from Vilabouly includes 23 species including Ceratoikiscum sp. cf. C. bujugum, Archocyrtium sp. , Astroentactinia cf. stellata, Helioentactinia aster, H. perjucunda, Spongentactinella corynacantha, S. veles, Spongentactinia concinna, S. exquisita, Stigmosphaerostylus profundisulcus, Trilonche davidi, T. echinata, T. elegans, T. hindea, T. palimbola, T. vetusta, Palaeoscenidium cladophorum and others. The tentaculitids, Homoctenus ultimus and Costulatostyliolina vesca, have been previously described from South China and from Ban Phonxai. The similarity of the radiolarian fauna to those from South China, northern Thailand and Western Australia suggests free interchange of species. Based on geochemistry, stratigraphic sequences and structural geology, the radiolarian chert/siliceous shales are interpreted as highstand deposits in pull‐apart basins. This was possibly caused by transtension along the NW–SE–trending strike–slip fault of the Thakhek–Danang Shear Zone during the Late Devonian. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.