Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphics Processing Units for Handhelds

During the past few years, mobile phones and other handheld devices have gone from only handling dull text-based menu systems to, on an increasing number of models, being able to render high-quality three-dimensional graphics at high frame rates. This paper is a survey of the special considerations that must be taken when designing graphics processing units (GPUs) on such devices. Starting off by introducing desktop GPUs as a reference, the paper discusses how mobile GPUs are designed, often with power consumption rather than performance as the primary goal. Lowering the bus traffic between the GPU and the memory is an efficient way of reducing power consumption, and therefore some high-level algorithms for bandwidth reduction are presented. In addition, an overview of the different APIs that are used in the handheld market to handle both two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics is provided. Finally, we present our outlook for the future and discuss directions of future research on handheld GPUs.
Multiphoton induced x-ray emission from Kr clusters on M-shell (~100 Å) and L-shell (~6 Å) transitions.

Experiments demonstrating the role of cluster formation on multiphoton-induced x-ray emission and the scaling of this phenomenon into the kilovolt range have been performed on Kr. For the Kr M shell, augmentation of ${\mathrm{Kr}}_{\mathit{n}}$ formation leads to a large increase in ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{9+}$ (4p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d) emission (\ensuremath{\sim}100 \AA{}) and the appearance of a strong band at \ensuremath{\sim}90 \AA{}. The observation of L-shell transitions (\ensuremath{\sim}5\char21{}7.5 \AA{}) demonstrates the scaling of this phenomenon into the kilovolt region and leads to the conclusion that the interaction produces direct inner-shell excitation with the emission of prompt x rays.
Trilateral teleoperation control of kinematically redundant robotic manipulators

Teleoperation control of kinematically redundant robots requires a strategy for resolving their redundancy. A trilateral two-master/one-slave control approach is proposed for delay-free applications in which the first master controls a primary task control frame, e.g. the slave end-effector frame; meanwhile, another master device can manipulate a secondary task frame attached to the slave robot, e.g. to avoid collision with obstacles in the task environment. Any remaining degrees of motion are resolved autonomously. Teleoperation control is achieved in three steps employing joint-space Lyapunov-based adaptive motion/force controllers, a velocity-level redundancy resolution method, and task-space coordinating reference commands. Priority can be given to either the primary or secondary control frame so that the high-priority task can be transparently carried out without interference from the other task. Whenever applicable, the lower-priority task control frame would be restricted to the natural constraints imposed by prioritization or otherwise, decoupling between the tasks is achieved with the use of an arbitrarily weighted pseudo-inverse. Experiments with a planar teleoperation system consisting of two master devices controlling a closed-chain four degree-of-motion redundant slave robot show the feasibility of the approach.
Filter families with minimum impulse response moments

The lowpass systems with minimum higher order moments of the impulse response are presented. The optimization of the transfer function parameters is carried out for functions ranging from the second to the tenth order, with zeros at infinity. Besides the system order, no other requirements are set to restrict the frequency domain behavior of the system. Time and frequency domain properties of the obtained systems for various moments are given and compared.
Biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma

Eosinophils are mediators of allergic inflammation and are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous conditions including asthma, parasitic infections, neoplasms, hyper-eosinophilic syndromes, vasculitic disorders, and organ-specific conditions. Assessing eosinophilic inflammation is therefore important in establishing a diagnosis, in monitoring and assessing response to treatment, and in testing novel therapeutics. Clinical markers of atopy and eosinophilic inflammation include indirect tests such as lung function, exhaled breath condensate analysis, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, serum immunoglobulin E levels and serum periostin. Direct measures, which quantify but do not anatomically localise inflammation include blood eosinophil counts, serum or plasma eosinophil cationic protein and sputum eosinophil levels. Cytology from bronchoalveolar lavage and histology from endobronchial and transbronchial biopsies are better at localising inflammation but are more invasive. Novel approaches using radiolabelled eosinophils with single-photon emission computed tomography, offer the prospect of non-invasive methods to localise eosinophilic inflammation.
Reporter Fluorescent Molecules in Biological Systems: The Current Overview

Volume 1 • Issue 4 • 1000e111 Biochem Anal Biochem ISSN:2161-1009 Biochem, an open access journal Labeling molecules without losing its activity has a long track in science. The first labeling method for detection of the biomolecules was the use of radioisotope entities like 32P, which have been successfully employed to study protein–protein, protein–DNA, protein–RNA and protein–ligand interactions. In the past years however, radioisotope utilization as label has declined due to safety and health concerns [1]. Various kind of fluorophore moieties as suitable alternative has been developed and widely accepted. Dyes such as rhodamine, fluoroscein, phycobiliproteins, nitrobenzoxadiazole, acridines, BODIPY and cyanine compounds or their derivates are most commonly used as a reporter molecule. The choice of fluorophore molecule to be used for detection depends on the sample type, substrate, the number of analyzed molecules in the experiments and light emission spectra characteristics [2]. Cyanine dyes, Cy3 and Cy5, are among are a good example of dyes used due to their brightness and ability to easily label proteins with ε-amino group of lysine residues [3]. Detection using the fluorescence labeling can be performed in two ways: by direct labeling (one antibody assay) or indirect labeling [4]. In the direct labeling method, the selected protein is labeled directly with a fluorophore (Cy3 or Cy5), which interacts with, immobilized on the surface of the chip, antibodies. This method allows simultaneous incubation of a reference sample with tested sample, both having different dyes attached [5].
The Meta-Analysis Review: A Valuable Resource for Special Educators

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004) and the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) both require that educators utilize instructional practices based on evidence in the literature when providing special education and related services to students with disabilities. This article provides a description of a special type of literature review, the meta-analysis, that may be of substantial assistance to educators. The essential characteristics of a meta-analysis are described as well as how they are performed, where to find them, and how to interpret their findings. A concluding comment on the relevance of meta-analysis to the implementation of evidence-based practices is presented.
Assignment1 of myotrophin to human chromosome band 7q33→q35 by in situ hybridization

Cardiac hypertrophy and the resulting heart failure are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in humans. The molecular mechanism for the cause of the disease is still unknown. Significant effort has been directed towards elucidating the factors involved in the hypertropic response. Among those identified is myotrophin, a novel 12-kDa protein originally isolated by Sen and co-workers from the hypertrophied ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (Sen et al., 1990) and dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts (Sil et al., 1993). Myotrophin has been shown to increase the transcript levels of proto-oncogenes and also shown to increase the transcript levels of ß-myosin heavy chain and ANF, which are the markers for cardiac hypertropy (Mukerjee et al., 1993). In neonatal myocytes addition of myotrophin resulted in the reorganization of the myofibrils (Sen et al., 1990). Linkage mapping studies in families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have revealed that it is a genetically heterogeneous disease (Watkins et al., 1995). To date ten distinct genetic loci have been identified of which three loci with the diseased gene have been shown to encode a sarcomeric contractile protein: the ß-cardiac myosin heavy chain (ß-MHC), the ·-tropomyosin gene, and cardiac troponin T gene (Wang and Pyeritz, 2000; Wang et al., 2001). These findings have led to the model that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease of sarcomere, suggesting that the remaining disease genes may also encode peptides involved in the sarcomere structure and function (Thierfelder et al., 1994). The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy locus has been mapped on chromosome 7q3 (MacRae et al., 1995) in a family with affected individuals in families displaying both cardiac hypertrophy and the ventricular pre excitation, but the gene has not yet been identified. Localization of the myotrophin gene to chromosome 7q33→q35 defines it as an attractive candidate gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Column generation technique for optimization of survivable flex-grid SDM networks

In this paper, we address the problem of routing, space and spectrum assignment (RSSA) in survivable flex-grid networks that implement spatial division multiplexing (SDM). In our consideration, we focus on two switching policies for the SDM (namely, independent and joint) while the network survivability is provided by dedicated path protection (DPP). We formulate the problem (RSSA-DPP) as an integer linear programming (ILP) and we provide two solution algorithms including column generation (CG)-based method. Then, we perform simulations focused on the evaluation of the CG performance and analysis of the spectrum usage in survivable and flex-grid SDM networks. The results show that the proposed CG is a promising approach that outperforms reference heuristic. The CG method works especially efficiently for joint switching policy (average gap to optimal result was at most 2.2%). Moreover, the results show that SDM architecture can provide significant spectrum savings whose amount depends mostly on the applied switching policy.
Experimental tests on a 12-slot 8-pole Integrated Starter-Alternator

In modern vehicles, the integrated starter-alternator (ISA) is an electrical machine that has to crank up the internal combustion engine, and to generate electric power during normal driving. Therefore, the ISA has to exhibit high torque and a wide constant-power speed range. This paper reports some design criteria, analysis and test results of an ISA that has been developed using a fractional-slot interior permanent magnet motor.
Lokalisiert und identifiziert: Wie Ortungstechnologien unser Leben verändern

Immer mehr Alltagshandlungen hinterlassen Datenspuren, die daruber Auskunft geben, wo wir uns aufgehalten haben und mit wem wir in Verbindung stehen. Ob wir mobil telefonieren, auf das Internet zugreifen, von einer Videokamera erfasst werden, ein Foto auf eine Internetplattform hochladen, mit einem Chip eine Tur offnen oder bargeldlos bezahlen: Fast immer entstehen dabei Daten, die sich zu Bewegungsprofilen zusammenfugen lassen und Ruckschlusse auf unsere Lebenssituation zulassen. Neben der Satellitenortung durch GPS gibt es mehr als ein Dutzend Technologien, die indirekt die Ortung von Personen zulassen. Welche gesellschaftlichen Chancen und Risiken resultieren aus der Verbreitung dieser Technologien? Wer kann, wer darf unter welchen Bedingungen Ortungsdaten erfassen, speichern, verarbeiten, weitergeben oder loschen? Welche Massnahmen konnen Burgerinnen und Burger, Unternehmen und der Gesetzgeber ergreifen, um dem Missbrauch von Ortungsdaten vorzubeugen und eine rechtsstaatliche, demokratische Nutzung der Ortungstechnologien zu fordern? Das Buch untersucht die Situation in der Schweiz und berucksichtigt dabei Entwicklungen zum Datenschutz in der Europaischen Union und im Europarat
Emotion regulation in the context of frustration in children with high functioning autism and their typical peers.

BACKGROUND It is well accepted that emotion regulation difficulties are a serious concern for children with ASD, yet empirical studies of this construct are limited for this population. The present study describes group differences between high functioning children with autism and their typical peers in frustration and discrete coping strategies for emotion regulation. We also use sequential analyses to test differences in the efficacy of individual coping strategies at regulating children's frustration. METHODS Subjects were 20 children with autism (M = 59 months) and 20 developmentally matched typically developing children (M = 50 months). Measures of children's frustration (negative facial expressions and behaviors, negative vocalizations, resignation) and emotion regulation coping strategies were observationally coded from structured video recordings. RESULTS Children with autism displayed a higher intensity and duration of resignation, and the group difference became most pronounced when children worked alone during the parent-absent segment of the locked box task. Children with autism used significantly more avoidance and venting strategies, and fewer constructive strategies than typical children. Sequential analyses revealed that social support strategies (orienting and verbalizing to the experimenter) were ineffective for children with autism, while these behaviors, vocal venting, and distraction strategies were all effective for typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS The results go beyond the recent literature by offering a rich description of children's efforts to regulate their frustration when faced with challenge, and point to important contextual differences in the efficacy of children's coping strategies.
Reduced incidence of AD with NSAID but not H2 receptor antagonists: The Cache County Study

Background Previous analyses from the Cache County (UT) Study showed inverse associations between the prevalence of AD and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), aspirin compounds, or histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA). The authors re-examined these associations using data on incident AD. Methods In 1995 to 1996, elderly (aged 65+) county residents were assessed for dementia, with current and former use of NSAID, aspirin, and H2RA as well as three other “control” medication classes also noted. Three years later, interval medication histories were obtained and 104 participants with incident AD were identified among 3,227 living participants. Discrete time survival analyses estimated the risk of incident AD in relation to medication use. ResultsAD incidence was marginally reduced in those reporting NSAID use at any time. Increased duration of use was associated with greater risk reduction, and the estimated hazard ratio was 0.45 with ≥2 years of exposure. Users of NSAID at baseline showed little reduction in AD incidence, regardless of use thereafter. By contrast, former NSAID users showed substantially reduced incidence (estimated hazard ratio = 0.42), with a trend toward greatest risk reduction among those with extended exposure. Similar patterns appeared with aspirin but not with any other medicines examined. Conclusions Long-term NSAID use may reduce the risk of AD, provided such use occurs well before the onset of dementia. More recent exposure seems to offer little protection. Recently initiated randomized trials of NSAID for primary prevention of AD are therefore unlikely to show effects with treatment until participants have been followed for several years.
COPD Assessment Test –Rationale, Development, Validation and Performance

Health status measurement has become a standard component of assessment in clinical studies using instruments such as the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) (1) and SGRQ (2). However these are impractical for use in routine clinical practice, and there is a need for shorter simpler measurements. Th e fi rst of these was the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) (3), which began life as the COPD Control Questionnaire. Relevant items were identifi ed from patient interviews, and selected for inclusion in the fi nal instrument based upon the judgement of physicians. In some respects it can be seen as an instrument built from the clinician’s perspective. An attempt was made to develop another instrument (the COPD-AQ) that could assess stability in COPD, but the concept of stability in this disease proved to be a methodological challenge, so its development was discontinued (4). Th e objective of the CAT development program was to develop an instrument that could be used in clinical practice to aid communication between patient and clinician, cover all the important symptomatic areas of COPD in a simple to use, reliable way and have very good measurement properties (5).
A Self-Evolving WiFi-based Indoor Navigation System Using Smartphones

Given a wide spectrum of demands for indoor location-based service, great research effort has been devoted to developing indoor navigation systems. Nevertheless, due to high engineering complexity and expensive infrastructure and labor cost, scalable indoor navigation is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we present SWiN, a Self-evolving WiFi-based Indoor Navigation system. SWiN provides plug-and-play and light-weight indoor navigation in a sharing manner. To alleviate the impact of the environmental change and device diversity, SWiN extracts both the static and dynamic properties of WiFi signals including scanned AP list, variations of signal strength, and AP's relative strength order. SWiN exploits the leader-follower structure, navigating following users by tracking their motion patterns to provide real-time navigation guidance. In specific, during navigation, SWiN utilizes a light-weight synchronization algorithm to synchronize multi-dimensional WiFi measurements between leader and follower traces. Furthermore, a trace updating mechanism is developed to guarantee the long-term utility of SWiN by extracting useful information in followers’ traces. Consolidating these techniques, we implement SWiN on commodity smartphones, and evaluate its performance in a five-story office building and a newly opened two-story shopping mall with test areas over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8000\;\mathrm {m}^2$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8000</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq1-2915221.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6000\;\mathrm {m}^2$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6000</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq2-2915221.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, respectively. Our experimental results show that 95 percent of the tracking offsets during navigation are less than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\;\mathrm {m}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq3-2915221.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.2\;\mathrm {m}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq4-2915221.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in these two environments.
Novel selector for high density non-volatile memory with ultra-low holding voltage and 107 on/off ratio

We present a novel selector made of doped-chalcogenide material. This selector not only achieves low holding voltage (0.2 V) and large on/off ratio (>107), but also exhibits the high on-current density (>1.6 MA/cm2) and large hysteresis window (1.2 V). Besides, excellent selector performances with ultra-low off-state leakage current (10 pA), high switching speed (<;10 ns), high endurance (>109), good thermal stability (up to 180°C) have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the device exhibits good scalability which is suitable for 3D array integrations.
NDFT-based Image Steganographic Scheme with Discrimination of Tampers

A new and secure image steganographic scheme based on nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NDFT) is proposed in this paper. First, the chaotic system is introduced to select embedding points randomly in NDFT domain suitable range, and NDFT is implemented on every non-overlapping block of eight consecutive pixels. Second, the secret messages are scrambled by chaotic systems, and embedded into frequency coefficients by quantization method. The stego-image is obtained by inverse NDFT (INDFT). Besides, in order to discriminate tampers, the low frequency wavelet coefficients of 7 most significant bits (MSBs) of the stego-image are converted into the binary sequence after nonuniform scalar quantization. Then the obtained binary sequence is scrambled by the chaotic systems, and embedded into the least significant bit (LSB) of the stego-image. Finally, the watermarked stego-image can be obtained by a new improved LSB steganographic method. The embedded secret messages can be extracted from the watermarked stego-image without the original cover image. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme, and dual statistics attacks are also conducted to indicate the security.
Refined atomic model of glutamine synthetase at 3.5 A resolution.

An atomic model of 43,692 non-hydrogen atoms has been determined for the 12-subunit enzyme glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium, by methods of x-ray diffraction including restrained least-squares atomic refinement against 65,223 unique reflections. At 3.5 A resolution the crystallographic R-factor (on 2 sigma data) is 25.8%. As reported earlier for the unrefined structure, the 12 subunits are arranged in two layers of six; at the interface of pairs of subunits within each layer, cylindrical active sites are formed by six anti-parallel beta strands contributed by one subunit and two strands by the neighboring subunit. This interpretation of the electron density map has now been supported by comparison with glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli by the Fourier difference method. Each active site cylinder holds two Mn2+ ions, with each ion having as ligands three protein side chains and two water molecules (one water shared by both metals), as well as a histidyl side chain just beyond liganding distance. The protein ligands to Mn2+ 469 are Glu-131, Glu-212, and Glu-220; those to Mn2+ 470 are Glu-129, His-269, and Glu-357. The two layers of subunits are held together largely by the apolar COOH terminus, a helical thong, which inserts into a hydrophobic pocket formed by two neighboring subunits on the opposite ring. Also between layers, there is a hydrogen-bonded beta sheet interaction, as there is between subunits within a ring, but hydrophobic interactions account for most of the intersubunit stability. The central loop, which extends into the central aqueous channel, is subject to attack by at least five enzymes and is discussed as an enzyme "passive site. "