Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TMS320 DSP based neural networks on fault diagnostic system of turbo-generator

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are massive parallel interconnections of simple neurons that function as a collective system. More and more people are paying attention to ANN on fault diagnostic of turbo-generator for its association of thought, recollection and study function. However, the disadvantage of ANN lies in its huge data computation and the low speed of convergence. If we realize ANN with common CPU, it needs so much time on computing the huge data, so that real-time fault diagnosis become impossible. In fact, most of the computation in ANN is multiplication and addition. While digital signal processors (DSP) has altitude advantage on multiplication and addition computation, it can perform parallel multiplication and addition in a single cycle clock. Consequently we design a master/slave system to solve the problem. The slave system was mainly made up of DSP, which perform high speed ANN calculation. The master system was made up of PC, which performs data communication and real-time fault diagnosis. In this paper we bring forward a practical system design and present particular design method of hardware and software by using back-propagation (BP) network often used in fault diagnosis.
The scFv fragment of the antibody hu4D5-8: evidence for early premature domain interaction in refolding.

Fluorescence spectroscopy and 1H/2H-exchange techniques have been applied to characterize the folding of an scFv fragment, derived from the humanized anti-HER2 antibody hu4D5-8. A stable intermediate, consisting of a native VL domain and an unfolded VH domain, is populated under equilibrium unfolding conditions. A partially structured intermediate, with 1H/2H-exchange protection significantly less than that of the two isolated domains together, is detectable upon refolding the equilibrium-denatured scFv fragment. This means that the domains in the heterodimer do not fold independently. Rather, they associate prematurely before full 1H/2H-exchange protection can be gained. The formation of the native heterodimer from the non-native intermediate is a slow, cooperative process, which is rate-limited by proline cis/trans-isomerization. Unproductive domain association is also detectable after short-term denaturation, i.e. with the proline residues in native conformation. Only a fraction of the short-term denatured protein folds into the native protein in a fast, proline-independent reaction, because of spontaneous proline cis/trans-reisomerization in the early non-native intermediate. The comparison with the previously studied antibody McPC603 has now allowed us to delineate similarities in the refolding pathway of scFv fragments.
Role of HIV Subtype Diversity in the Development of Resistance to Antiviral Drugs

Despite the fact that over 90% of HIV-1 infected people worldwide harbor non-subtype B variants of HIV-1, knowledge of resistance mutations in non-B HIV-1 and their clinical relevance is limited. Due to historical delays in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on a worldwide basis, the vast majority of reports on drug resistance deal with subtype B infections in developed countries. However, both enzymatic and virological data support the concept that naturally occurring polymorphisms among different nonB subtypes can affect HIV-1 susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), the magnitude of resistance conferred by major mutations, and the propensity to acquire some resistance mutations. Tools need to be optimized to assure accurate measurements of drug susceptibility of non-B subtypes. Furthermore, there is a need to recognize that each subtype may have a distinct resistance profile and that differences in resistance pathways may also impact on cross-resistance and the selection of second-line regimens. It will be essential to pay attention to newer drug combinations in well designed long-term longitudinal studies involving patients infected by viruses of different subtypes.
TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain

The formalin model is widely used for evaluating the effects of analgesic compounds in laboratory animals. Injection of formalin into the hind paw induces a biphasic pain response; the first phase is thought to result from direct activation of primary afferent sensory neurons, whereas the second phase has been proposed to reflect the combined effects of afferent input and central sensitization in the dorsal horn. Here we show that formalin excites sensory neurons by directly activating TRPA1, a cation channel that plays an important role in inflammatory pain. Formalin induced robust calcium influx in cells expressing cloned or native TRPA1 channels, and these responses were attenuated by a previously undescribed TRPA1-selective antagonist. Moreover, sensory neurons from TRPA1-deficient mice lacked formalin sensitivity. At the behavioral level, pharmacologic blockade or genetic ablation of TRPA1 produced marked attenuation of the characteristic flinching, licking, and lifting responses resulting from intraplantar injection of formalin. Our results show that TRPA1 is the principal site of formalin's pain-producing action in vivo, and that activation of this excitatory channel underlies the physiological and behavioral responses associated with this model of pain hypersensitivity.
Humeral Torque in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Background Spontaneous fracture of the humeral shaft in throwers is a rare but well-known phenomenon. Although it has been hypothesized that the biomechanics of the throw cause such fractures, it is not clear how or when the fractures occur in the pitching motion. Methods The torque acting about the long axis of the humerus was calculated in 25 professional baseball pitchers throwing in game situations. Results Peak humeral axial torque reached a mean value of 92 ± 16 Nm near the time of maximum shoulder external rotation at the end of the cocking phase. This torque tended to externally rotate the distal end of the humerus relative to its proximal end. The direction of the torque was consistent with the external rotation spiral fractures of the humerus noted to occur in throwers. The magnitude of the peak humeral torque averaged 48% of the theoretical torsional strength of the humerus, suggesting that repetitive stress plays a role in humeral shaft fractures. Conclusions Fractures are most likely to occur near the time of maximum shoulder external rotation when humeral torque peaks. Pitchers whose elbows were more extended at stride foot contact tended to have lower peak humeral torques.
Study of Hydrodynamic Properties of α-1-antitrypsin from Mammalian Serum

Alpha-1-antitrypsin is an acute phase protein which is up-regulated in acute phase responses to tissue necrosis and inflammation. It belongs to a class of inhibitors called ''Serpins'' (serine protease inhibitors). Human plasma contains a number of proteinase inhibitors. Among these, α-1-antitrypsin is found in the highest concentration, and is the major inhibitor for neutro- phil elastase. Not only does α-1-antitrypsin deficiency lead to the disabling syndrome of pulmonary emphysema, there are other disorders too which include ANCA (antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody) positive Wegener's granulomatosis, diffuse bronchi- ectasis, necrotizing panniculitis in α-1-antitrypsin phenotype (S), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and steroid dependent asthama. In view of its varied important roles in humans, a mammalian source was chosen for isolation, purification and studies into the hydrodynamic properties performed on the homogeneous fraction. Hydrodynamic properties of buffalo serum α-1-antitrypsin were determined by gel filtration, which gave a value of 3.23 nm for the stokes radius of the protein. The diffusion coefficient was found to be 6.85 x 10 -7 cm 2 s -1 and the frictional ratio was found to be 1.27, which together suggested a slightly aglobular conformation and excessive hydration of the isolated inhibitor molecules.
Short-form nutrition assessment in patients with advanced heart failure evaluated for ventricular assist device placement or cardiac transplantation.

BACKGROUND It has been shown that malnutrition affects clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure and that nutrition status, as determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), can be used as an independent predictor of mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of the short-form MNA (MNA-SF) as a surrogate to the MNA in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS Data retrospectively gathered from nutrition assessments of 162 patients were analyzed. RESULTS As defined by the MNA, the cohort included 40 (24.7%) patients classified as malnourished, 106 (65.4%) classified as at risk, and 16 (9.9%) classified as well nourished. The mortality for the groups was 37.3%, 47.4%, and 40.5%, respectively. A linear regression showed strong correlation between the MNA and MNA-SF (r = 0.778, P < .0001). A significant difference was observed in survival between the undernourished state (at risk + malnourished) and the well-nourished state, as determined by the MNA-SF (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The MNA-SF is a rapid nutrition assessment that correlates strongly with the full-form MNA and is an independent predictor of mortality.
ELearn: A collaborative educational virtual environment

The liquid crystal display module having a back light lamp includes a cable guide for guiding cables connected to both ends of the lamp toward an inverter board in order to prevent the cables from breaking. To form the cable guide, a cover or a supporting frame of the module includes a protruded portion and an opening for passing the cables therethrough.
GENITAL TRACT SCREENING FINDS WIDESPREAD INFECTION WITH MUSTELID GAMMAHERPESVIRUS 1 IN THE EUROPEAN BADGER (MELES MELES)

ABSTRACT: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be important drivers of population dynamics because of their negative effects on reproduction. However, screening for STDs, especially in wildlife populations, is widely neglected. Using the promiscuous, polygynandrous European badger (Meles meles) as a model, we investigated the presence and prevalence of herpesviruses (HVs) in a wild, high-density population and assessed potential differences in somatic fitness and female reproductive condition between infected and uninfected individuals. We collected n=98 genital swabs from 71 females (51 adults and 20 cubs) and 27 males (26 adults and 1 cub) during spring and summer 2015. Using a PCR specific for a mustelid α-HV, all genital-swab samples tested negative. In a panherpes PCR, a γ-HV was found in 55% (54/98; 39 adults and 15 cubs), identified as mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) using DNA sequencing. This contrasts with the results of a previous study, which reported MusGHV-1 in 98% (354/361) of blood samples taken from 218 badgers in the same population using PCR. The detection of MusHV-1 in the female reproductive tract strongly indicates the potential for a horizontal and, likely also a vertical, route of transmission. Our results suggest a potential linkage of genital HVs and impaired future reproductive success in females, but because reproductive failure can have many reasons in badgers, the causative link of this negative relationship remains to be investigated.
Effect of a computer-aided diagnosis scheme on radiologists' performance in detection of lung nodules on radiographs.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme on radiologists' performance in the detection of lung nodules, and to examine a new method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty radiographs (60 normal and 60 abnormal with lung nodules of varying subtlety) were used. Sixteen radiologists (two thoracic, six general, and eight residents) participated in an observer study in which they read both conventional radiographs and digitized radiographs. The radiologists' performance was evaluated with ROC analysis with two different methods (independent testing and sequential testing) and a continuous rating scale. RESULTS Az (area under the best fit binormal ROC curve when it is plotted in the unit square) values obtained from ROC analysis with and without CAD output were 0.940 and 0.894, respectively, in the independent test and 0.948 and 0.906, respectively, in the sequential test. Findings with both methods indicated that the CAD scheme statistically significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly for radiologists with less experience (P < .001). Reading time was not increased when CAD was used. CONCLUSION The CAD scheme can assist radiologists in the detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs.
Non‐interventional surveillance study of adverse events in patients with epilepsy

Cramer JA, Steinborn B, Striano P, Hlinkova L, Bergmann A, Bacos I, Baukens C, Buyle S. Non‐interventional surveillance study of adverse events in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 124: 13–21. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Faster Learning for Dynamic Recurrent Backpropagation

The backpropagation learning algorithm for feedforward networks (Rumelhart et al. 1986) has recently been generalized to recurrent networks (Pineda 1989). The algorithm has been further generalized by Pearlmutter (1989) to recurrent networks that produce time-dependent trajectories. The latter method requires much more training time than the feedforward or static recurrent algorithms. Furthermore, the learning can be unstable and the asymptotic accuracy unacceptable for some problems. In this note, we report a modification of the delta weight update rule that significantly improves both the performance and the speed of the original Pearlmutter learning algorithm. Our modified updating rule, a variation on that originally proposed by Jacobs (1988), allows adaptable independent learning rates for individual parameters in the algorithm. The update rule for the ith weight, wi, is given by the delta-bar-delta rule: with the change in learning rate ~~(t) on each epoch given by if &(t l)&(t) > 0 if &(t - l)&(t) < 0
Trailblazing: Video Playback Control by Direct Object Manipulation

We describe a new interaction technique that allows users to control nonlinear video playback by directly manipulating objects seen in the video. This interaction technique is similar to video "scrubbing" where the user adjusts the playback time by moving the mouse along a slider. Our approach is superior to variable-scale scrubbing in that the user can concentrate on interesting objects and does not have to guess how long the objects will stay in view. Our method relies on a video tracking system that tracks objects in fixed cameras, maps them into 3D space, and handles hand-offs between cameras. In addition to dragging objects visible in video windows, users may also drag iconic object representations on a floor plan. In that case, the best video views are selected for the dragged objects.
Autism spectrum disorders: an updated guide for genetic counseling

ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder is a complex and genetically heterogeneous disorder, which has hampered the identification of the etiological factors in each patient and, consequently, the genetic counseling for families at risk. However, in the last decades, the remarkable advances in the knowledge of genetic aspects of autism based on genetic and molecular research, as well as the development of new molecular diagnostic tools, have substantially changed this scenario. Nowadays, it is estimated that using the currently available molecular tests, a potential underlying genetic cause can be identified in nearly 25% of cases. Combined with clinical assessment, prenatal history evaluation and investigation of other physiological aspects, an etiological explanation for the disease can be found for approximately 30 to 40% of patients. Therefore, in view of the current knowledge about the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder, which has contributed for a more precise genetic counseling, and of the potential benefits that an etiological investigation can bring to patients and families, molecular genetic investigation has become increasingly important. Here, we discuss the current view of the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder, and list the main associated genetic alterations, the available molecular tests and the key aspects for the genetic counseling of these families.
Observation of PeV Gamma Rays from the Monogem Ring with the Tibet Air Shower Array

We searched for steady PeV gamma-ray emission from the Monogem ring region with the Tibet air shower array from 1997 February to 2004 October. No evidence for statistically significant gamma-ray signals was found in a region 111° ≤ R.A. < 114°, 12. °5 ≤ decl. < 15. °5 in the Monogem ring where the MAKET-ANI experiment recently claimed a positive detection of PeV high-energy cosmic radiation, although our flux sensitivity is approximately 10 times better than MAKET-ANI's. We set the most stringent integral flux upper limit at a 99% confidence level of 4.0 × 10-12 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 above 1 PeV on diffuse gamma rays extended in the 3° × 3° region.
Connected Minds, Emerging Cultures: Cybercultures in Online Learning

A volume in Perspectives in Instructional Technology and Distance Education Series Editors: Charles Schlosser and Michael Simonson Nova Southeastern University As the title indicates, this book highlights the shifting and emergent features that represent life online, specifically in and around the territory of e-learning. Cybercultures in themselves are complex conglomerations of ideas, philosophies, concepts, and theories, some of which are fiercely contradictory. As a construct, "cyberculture" is a result of sustained attempts by diverse groups of people to make sense of multifarious activities, linguistic codes, and practices in complicated and ever-changing settings. It is an impossibly convoluted field. Any valid understanding of cyberculture can only be gained from living within it, and as Bell suggests, it is "made up of people, machines and stories in everyday life. " Although this book contains a mix of perspectives, as the chapters progress, readers should detect some common threads. Technology-mediated activities are featured throughout, each evoking its particular cultural nuances and, as Derrick de Kerckhove (1997) has eloquently argued, technology acts as the skin of culture. All the authors are passionate about their subjects, every one engages critically with his or her topics, and each is fully committed to the belief that e-learning is a vitally important component in the future of education. All of the authors believe that digital learning environments will contribute massively to the success of the information society we now inhabit. Each is intent on exploration of the touchstone of "any time, any place" learning where temporal and spatial contexts cease to become barriers to learning, and where the boundaries are blurring between the formal and informal. This book is divided into four sections. In Part I, which has been titled "Digital Subcultures," we begin an exploration of "culture" and attempt to locate the learner within a number of digital subcultures that have arisen around new and emerging technologies such as mobile and handheld devices, collaborative online spaces, and podcasting. The chapters in this section represent attempts by the authors to demonstrate that there are many subdivisions present on the Web, and that online learners cannot and should not be represented as one vast amorphous mass of "Internet" users.
Masculine brave In the feminine winter sports

The sport has significant role in the changes of the genders relation and helped to transform the conception of the sexes during the last fifty years. The women started to do conventionally male sports; the newest event was the ski jumping for female athletes at the Olympic Games of Soci. The gender stereotypes in the women sports can be stronger or weaker depending on the success or on the water haul. This phenomenon helps us to understand the new conceptions of the sexes in the context of the relationships of genders.
STUDIES In vitro multifaceted activities of a specific group of novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors on hotspot mutant PIK 3 CA

Background As accumulating evidences suggest close involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer, novel PI3K inhibitors such as ZSTK474, GDC-0941, NVP-BEZ235 and BKM-120 have been developed for cancer therapy. A high frequency of hotspot mutations known as E542K, E545K and H1047R in the PIK3CA gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα, has been found in various types of human cancers. The hotspot PIK3CA mutations also lead to resistance to therapeutics targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), further suggesting that inhibition of hotspot mutant PIK3CA be required for a PI3K inhibitor as anticancer drug candidate.Methods To investigate the activity of the novel PI3K inhibitors on the hotspot mutant PIK3CA, we determined the inhibition against the respective recombinant mutant PI3Kαs by biochemical assay.We further examined the activity at cellular background by determining the effect on phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), and that on the growth of cancer cells. In addition, apoptosis and autophagy in cells with or without hotspot PIK3CA mutation induced by the four inhibitors were investigated. Results Our results indicated that each inhibitor exhibit comparable activity on the hotspot mutant PI3Kα to that on the wild type, which was further demonstrated by the cell-based assays. No clear correlation was shown between the PIK3CA genetic status and the sensitivity for apoptosis or autophagy induction. Interestingly, among the 4 PI3K inhibitors, BKM-120 is the weakest in PI3K inhibitory potency, but induces most potent apoptosis, suggesting that BKM-120 might have a unique mode of action. Conclusions Our result shows that the PI3K inhibitors exhibit potent activity on both hotspot mutant and wild type PI3Kα, suggesting they might be used to treat patients with or without PIK3CA mutation when approved.
A semantic model of types and machine instructions for proof-carrying code

Proof-carrying code is a framework for proving the safety of machine-language programs with a machine-checkable proof. Previous PCC frameworks have defined type-checking rules as part of the logic. We show a universal type framework for proof-carrying code that will allow a code producer to choose a programming language, prove the type rules for that language as lemmas in higher-order logic, then use those lemmas to prove the safety of a particular program. We show how to handle traversal, allocation, and initialization of values in a wide variety of types, including functions, records, unions, existentials, and covariant recursive types.
Christopher Bull Politics in Packaged Software Implementation 2 . Political Issues in Information Systems

The academic literature relating to the political issues of information systems is fairly well established. However, there are relatively few empirical studies relating to the political issues associated with the organisational implementation of package software. The aim of this paper is to offer a modest contribution via case study research with an analysis of a packaged software implementation at an organisation based in the United Kingdom. The study raises issues that support and question some of the notions inherent in many political theories relating to information systems. The study also highlights the multifarious and complex nature of politics in the development of packaged software implementation.