Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Investigation of Structure/Function Requirements for the Apolipoprotein A-I/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Interaction Loop of High-density Lipoprotein*

The interaction of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) plays a critical role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) maturation. We previously identified a highly solvent-exposed apoA-I loop domain (Leu159–Leu170) in nascent HDL, the so-called “solar flare” (SF) region, and proposed that it serves as an LCAT docking site (Wu, Z., Wagner, M. A., Zheng, L., Parks, J. S., Shy, J. M., 3rd, Smith, J. D., Gogonea, V., and Hazen, S. L. (2007) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 861–868). The stability and role of the SF domain of apoA-I in supporting HDL binding and activation of LCAT are debated. Here we show by site-directed mutagenesis that multiple residues within the SF region (Pro165, Tyr166, Ser167, and Asp168) of apoA-I are critical for both LCAT binding to HDL and LCAT catalytic efficiency. The critical role for possible hydrogen bond interaction at apoA-I Tyr166 was further supported using reconstituted HDL generated from apoA-I mutants (Tyr166 → Glu or Asn), which showed preservation in both LCAT binding affinity and catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the in vivo functional significance of NO2-Tyr166-apoA-I, a specific post-translational modification on apoA-I that is abundant within human atherosclerotic plaque, was further investigated by using the recombinant protein generated from E. coli containing a mutated orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair enabling site-specific insertion of the unnatural amino acid into apoA-I. NO2-Tyr166-apoA-I, after subcutaneous injection into hLCATTg/Tg, apoA-I−/− mice, showed impaired LCAT activation in vivo, with significant reduction in HDL cholesteryl ester formation. The present results thus identify multiple structural features within the solvent-exposed SF region of apoA-I of nascent HDL essential for optimal LCAT binding and catalytic efficiency.
A Chlamydia effector recruits CEP170 to reprogram host microtubule organization

ABSTRACT The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis deploys virulence effectors to subvert host cell functions enabling its replication within a specialized membrane-bound compartment termed an inclusion. The control of the host cytoskeleton is crucial for Chlamydia uptake, inclusion biogenesis and cell exit. Here, we demonstrate how a Chlamydia effector rearranges the microtubule (MT) network by initiating organization of the MTs at the inclusion surface. We identified an inclusion-localized effector that is sufficient to interfere with MT assembly, which we named inclusion protein acting on MTs (IPAM). We established that IPAM recruits and stimulates the centrosomal protein 170 kDa (CEP170) to hijack the MT organizing functions of the host cell. We show that CEP170 is essential for chlamydial control of host MT assembly, and is required for inclusion morphogenesis and bacterial infectivity. Together, we demonstrate how a pathogen effector reprograms the host MT network to support its intracellular development. Highlighted Article: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Here, we describe how the Chlamydia virulence protein IPAM interacts with the host protein CEP170 to reprogram host MT organization.
Applying a Psychobiological Model of Personality to the Study of Leadership

Cloninger’s psychobiological model of temperament and character is a general model of personality that has been widely used in clinical psychology, but has seldom been applied in other domains. In this research we apply Cloninger’s model to the study of leadership. Our study comprised 81 participants who took part in a diverse range of small group tasks. Participants rotated through tasks and groups and rated each other on “emergent leadership. ” As hypothesized, leader emergence tended to be consistent regardless of the specific tasks and groups. It was found that personality factors from Cloninger, Svrakic, and Przybeck’s (1993) model could explain trait-based variance in emergent leadership. Results also highlight the role of “cooperativeness” in the prediction of leadership emergence. Implications are discussed in terms of our theoretical understanding of trait-based leadership, and more generally in terms of the utility of Cloninger’s model in leadership research.
Towards an ontology of innovation models - a conceptual framework

Management literature is renowned for producing concepts and models but few of these are ever translated into software-based tools even though they could offer value to managers. Innovation models are theoretical constructions that attempt to abstract from reality a set of interesting features that are useful in describing, explaining, and predicting the reality of the innovation processes in organisations. But it is troubling to find that even the latest models emanating from the academic discourse fall well short of organisational reality. The objective of this paper is to recast the concept of the innovation model but this time from a strong theoretical base. We, therefore, start by presenting a conceptual framework for the innovation processes in organizations. From this we set out to develop an ontology that defines the words and sentences that can be used to represent innovation models. So we do not seek to present yet another model of innovation but instead we work towards a conceptually derived ontology of innovation models that can provide a foundation for future software-based tools. We suggest that computer-aided innovation modelling is an interesting area of research deserving of future attention.
A Reusable Time Ontology

In this paper we present a reusable time ontology for largescale knowledge system applications that provides an easily understandable, flexible, formally defined, and effective means of representing knowledge about time. Our underlying time theory treats both time points and time intervals as primitive elements on a time line, and the ontology contains a class hierarchy, relations, axioms and instances built on those primitives. The ontology distinguishes between closed and open intervals, as opposed to many previous time ontologies. However, we provide flexibility of usage by providing two sets of relations on intervals: one that assumes that distinction and one that does not. Time granularity is implemented in the ontology to facilitate representing time in varying granularity in a layered model and switching from or relating one granularity to a coarser or finer one. The ontology also includes a representation of periodic intervals and of the standard components and properties of calendars such as calendar months, calendar days, and weekdays.
Measuring gender differences in cognitive functioning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between gender, A‐level scores and scores on the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI) of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach – The participants for this study were selected at random from the overall LASSI sampling exercise and males and females were compared using the LASSI scales at a Hong Kong University.Findings – Gender differences in cognitive functioning and achievement do not always favour one sex with the literature related to intelligence testing suggesting that males outperform females on tests of visuo‐spatial ability, and mathematical reasoning whereas females do better on tests involving memory and language use. This paper examines relationships between gender, A‐level scores and scores (LASSI) of undergraduate students and argues that whilst there are significant gender differences in A‐level scores, these provide limited practical information at a cognitive level. In contrast, the data from LASSI .
Customer Preferences for Frontline Employee Traits: Homophily and Heterophily Effects

Although previous research has underscored the significance of the personality traits of frontline employees (FLEs) in employee service behaviors, knowledge about customer preferences for FLE personality traits is lacking. This study responds to this gap in the literature, empirically assessing customers’ preferences for FLE personality traits. The main research objective is to investigate whether and how these preferences vary with the customer's own personality. The study proposes and tests a conceptual framework that reconciles two opposing theoretical perspectives—homophily and heterophily. The existing research in interpersonal psychology has only given limited support to the heterophily effect, whereas it has consistently evidenced the homophily effect. Moderator analyses indicate these effects are largely invariant across customer and service characteristics. Notwithstanding this, post hoc tests show that the level of preferred FLE traits is positively related to the level of customer traits. Equity theory helps explain these seemingly conflicting results.
The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates

This article discusses the development and validation of a measure of adolescent students' perceived belonging or psychological membership in the school environment. An initial set of items was administered to early adolescent students in one suburban middle school (N = 454) and two multi-ethnic urban junior high schools (N = 301). Items with low variability and items detracting from scale reliability were dropped, resulting in a final 18-item Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale, which had good internal consistency reliability with both urban and suburban students and in both English and Spanish versions. Significant findings of several hypothesized subgroup differences in psychological school membership supported scale construct validity. The quality of psychological membership in school was found to be substantially correlated with self-reported school motivation, and to a lesser degree with grades and with teacher-rated effort in the cross-sectional scale development studies and in a subsequent longitudinal project. Implications for research and for educational practice, especially with at-risk students, are discussed.
Long-Term Cognitive Outcome of Delirium in Elderly Hip Surgery Patients

Objective: To study the outcome of delirium in elderly hip surgery patients. Design: Prospective matched controlled cohort study. Hip surgery patients (n = 112) aged 70 years and older, who participated in a controlled clinical trial of haloperidol prophylaxis for delirium, were followed for an average of 30 months after discharge. Patients with a diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified using psychiatric interviews. Proportions of patients with dementia/MCI were compared across patients who had postoperative delirium and selected control patients matched for preoperatively assessed risk factors who had not developed delirium during index hospitalization. Other outcomes were mortality rate and rate of institutionalization. Results: During the follow-up period, 54.9% of delirium patients had died compared to 34.1% of the controls (relative risk = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0–2.6). Dementia or MCI was diagnosed in 77.8% of the surviving patients with postoperative delirium and in 40.9% of control patients (relative risk = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.3). Half of the patients with delirium were institutionalized at follow-up compared to 28.6% of the controls (relative risk = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.9–3.4). Conclusion: The risk of dementia or MCI at follow-up is almost doubled in elderly hip surgery patients with postoperative delirium compared with at-risk patients without delirium. Delirium may indicate underlying dementia.
Tyrosine 981, a Novel Ret Autophosphorylation Site, Binds c-Src to Mediate Neuronal Survival*

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) are neurotrophic factors that influence several aspects of the developing and injured nervous system. GFLs signal through a common receptor tyrosine kinase (Ret) and one of the four ligand-binding co-receptors (GFRα1 to 4). Ligand-induced translocation of Ret to lipid rafts, where it interacts with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, is a prerequisite for full biological activity of these neurotrophic factors. This interaction and subsequent activation of Src are required for GFL-mediated neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth, or cell proliferation. Here we show by multiple approaches that Ret tyrosine 981 constitutes the major binding site of the Src homology 2 domain of Src and therefore the primary residue responsible for Src activation upon Ret engagement. Other tyrosines such as 1015 and 1029 may contribute to the overall interaction between Ret and Src, as judged by overexpression experiments. By generating a phosphospecific antibody, we demonstrate that tyrosine 981 is a novel autophosphorylation site in Ret. Importantly, we also show that this tyrosine becomes phosphorylated in dissociated sympathetic neurons after ligand stimulation. Mutation of tyrosine 981 to phenylalanine reduces GDNF-mediated survival in a transfected cerebellar granule neuron paradigm.
The Internationalization of Kinship and the Feminization of Caribbean Migration: The Case of Afro-Trinidadian Immigrants in Los Angeles

The creation of "international families" is just one of many changes being brought about by the process of "globalization. " For scholars of international migration there are important substantive and methodological lessons to be learned from a study of that process. Rather than treating migration as a linear, uni-directional flow, attention needs to be directed at the circular movements of populations. This article addresses Caribbean migration specifically, and focuses on the case of Afro-Trinidadian immigrants in Los Angeles. Because kinship lies at the heart of Caribbean social life both at home and abroad, the "recycling" behavior of Caribbean migrants has brought into existence "international families," new forms of kinship that call for rethinking what we mean by "family. " "International families" operate on the principle of networks rather than households, and are given form and content by women. Women figure prominently not only in Caribbean migration, but in the creation and maintenance of these .
Hypothalamic Dopamine Release and Local Cerebral Blood Flow During Onset of Heatstroke in Rats

Background and Purpose Brain dopamine has been implicated as a mediator of brain neuronal damage resulting from ischemic injury. Augmented interleukin-1 production and cerebral ischemia occurred during onset of heatstroke. This study has attempted to ascertain whether heatstroke resulting from hyperthermia causes an increase in hypothalamic dopamine release and to assess whether the administration of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) can attenuate heatstroke formation. Methods Both local cerebral blood flow and hypothalamic dopamine release during onset of heatstroke were assessed in saline-treated rats and in rats treated with an IL-lra. Heatstroke was induced by exposing the animals to a high ambient temperature. Hypothalamic dopamine release was determined by carbon fiber electrodes combined with in vivo differential pulse amperometry. Results During onset of heatstroke, rats with heatstroke displayed higher values of colonic temperature, higher values of hypothalamic dopamine release, and lower values of blood flow in different brain regions compared with normothermic control rats. In another separate experiment in which IL-1ra (200 μg/kg IV) was injected 30 minutes before onset of heatstroke, both the augmented hypothalamic dopamine release and diminished cerebral blood flow during onset of heatstroke were significantly attenuated. In addition, the survival time (interval between onset of heatstroke and death) of the rats with heatstroke was prolonged by pretreatment with IL-lra. Conclusions These results suggest that an increase in hypothalamic dopamine release and a decrease in local cerebral blood flow occur during onset of heatstroke. Pretreatment with IL-lra attenuates the heatstroke formation resulting from cerebral ischemia by reducing hypothalamic dopamine release.
Examining the Human Resource Architecture: The Relationships Among Human Capital, Employment, and Human Resource Configurations

In this study we examined the characteristics of human capital as well as the human resource (HR) configurations used for employees in four different employment modes (knowledge-based employment, job-based employment, contract work, and alliance/partnership). Results from 148 firms show that the strategic value and uniqueness of human capital differs across these four employment modes. In addition, each employment mode is associated with a particular type of HR configuration (commitment-based, productivity-based, compliance-based, and collaborative).
Assessing usability and fun in educational software

We describe an investigation into the relationship between usability and fun in educational software designed for children. Twenty-five children aged between 7 and 8 participated in the study. Several evaluation methods were used; some collected data from observers, and others collected reports from the users. Analysis showed that in both observational data, and user reports, ratings for fun and usability were correlated, but that there was no significant correlation between the observed data and the reported data. We discuss the possible reasons for these findings, and describe a method that was successful in eliciting opinions from young children about fun and usability.
Extended contact through peer modelling to promote tolerance in Finland

A field experiment studied the effect of extended contact through peer modelling for tolerance promotion among 1480 Finnish students (ages 13–15) in three pairs of middle schools that were matched on the proportion of foreign students (ranging from 3 per cent to 19 per cent) and randomised to control or experimental condition. In the experimental schools, printed stories of ingroup members engaged in close friendship with members of outgroups were presented in two sessions as examples of successful intergroup contact. In order to avoid subtyping, i.e. to ensure both inclusion of the ingroup member in the self and generalisation from the outgroup friend to the whole outgroup, the typicality of both the ingroup exemplar and the outgroup friend was enhanced. Intergroup attitudes were measured before and after the experimental intervention. A scale score measuring intergroup tolerance showed stability or favourable changes in experimental schools, while attitudes worsened or stayed the same in the control schools. The experimental effect was significant in four statistical tests (p<0.001 to p<0.05). The results show that tolerance can be improved or maintained by extended contact, i.e. peer modelling of positive intergroup contacts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information filters as one of the means of managing strategic fit in a complex environment

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of information as a source of resilience in organizations. It presents both a theory based construct of information filters of the environment scanning and a pragmatic tool for managing the process.Design/methodology/approach – The filter construct was tested in three qualitative case studies where the filter setting was changed in order to identify its impact on the results of the environment scan. This paper used Igor Ansoff's theory of information filters as a basis and added the required additional elements by applying complex adaptive systems theory.Findings – The authors were able to define two dimensions: information filters' width and depth, that define the outcome of the environment scanning process. The preliminary testing of the research hypotheses was possible with the new research tool.Research limitations/implications – There was only one case that analyzed the impact of connectivity: the role of feedback loops with the external stakeholders .
Copyright 2009 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 10.1518/107118109X12524442637381

The N-SEEV is a stochastic model of overt attention within a visual display or workspace. The model integrates elements from several existing models of attention (Bundesen, 1987, 1990; Itti & Koch, 2000; Wolfe, 1994; Wickens, et al., 2003) to provide (1) predictions of the allocation of visual attention among discrete display channels; (2) the likelihood of a scanning transition between any pair of channels; and (3) the number of eye movements needed to fixate the onset of a visual signal or event. Preliminary tests of the model show a close fit between model predictions and actual pilot scanning and noticing times.
Leveraging Spatial Community Information in Location Recognition in Tweets

Location names are very helpful in event extraction. Informal social texts pose significant challenges for recognizing location names. However, social texts have an advantage that can be leveraged: spatial and social network contexts. We address the location recognizing task as a part of named entity recognition, and introduce a new approach which leverages community contexts and captures language variations among groups of users. Specifically, we incorporate a community component into a topic modeling method and harness unlabeled tweets. Experiments on a large Twitter dataset show that our proposed method can improve the location classification F1 score by 5%.
A Governance-Structure Approach to Voluntary Organizations

This article develops a governance-structure theoretical understanding of voluntary organizations. Voluntary organizations are seen as governance structures reinforcing the norm of (generalized or balanced) reciprocity, making possible the pooling of resources based on the reciprocity principle. Voluntary organizations’ governance structure presents some specific features in terms of formal ends, ownership, residual claims, decision-making procedures, accountability, checks and balances, control procedures, and embedded incentives facilitating collective action oriented toward public or mutual interest or toward advocacy. Because the voluntary governance structure is also compatible with several types of coordination mechanisms, voluntary organizations are able to operate in complex environments, mobilizing resources from market operations, governmental subsidies, or from reciprocity (volunteering, donations) while pursuing civic and democratic objectives. Their governance structure allows them to mitigate coordination failures and remain comparatively more efficient than other organizational forms. However, voluntary organizations may be subject to governance failures, the result of which could undermine trustworthiness and efficiency.