Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNA Helicase DDX3 Is a Regulatory Subunit of Casein Kinase 1 in Wnt–β-Catenin Signaling

Three Tales of Wnt Signaling The Wnt signaling pathway has important roles in regulating many biological processes during development and is also implicated in the behavior of some cancer cells (see the Perspective by Berndt and Moon). Cruciat et al. (p. 1436, published online 14 February) describe the mechanism of action of a protein found in a screen for proteins that influence Wnt signaling. DDX3, a DEAD-box RNA helicase, is required for proper Wnt signaling in Xenopus and Caenorhabditis elegans. It appears to act not through its action as an RNA helicase or through adenosine triphosphate binding, but rather by interacting with the protein kinase, casein kinase 1, and promoting its activation. Huang et al. (p. 1441, published online 31 January) investigated the function of receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4), the product a gene whose mutation causes severe developmental defects in mice and humans. Over-expression of the protein in cultured human cells activated transcription of genes regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway, and loss of RIPK4 function inhibited Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos. At the molecular level, RIPK4 interacted with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 and the Wnt signaling adaptor protein DVL2 and promoted phosphorylation of DVL2. Habib et al. (p. 1445) used Wnt-immobilized beads to understand how external cues direct asymmetrical stem cell divisions. Spatially restricted Wnt signals oriented the plane of mitotic division and lead to pluripotency gene expression in the Wnt-proximal daughter cell while the more distal daughter cell acquired hallmarks of differentiation. Thus, asymmetric gene expression patterns can arise as a consequence of orientation by a short-range signal. A multifunctional protein is required for activation of casein kinase 1 in response to Wnt–β-catenin signaling. [Also see Perspective by Berndt and Moon] Casein kinase 1 (CK1) members play key roles in numerous biological processes. They are considered “rogue” kinases, because their enzymatic activity appears unregulated. Contrary to this notion, we have identified the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 as a regulator of the Wnt–β-catenin network, where it acts as a regulatory subunit of CK1ε: In a Wnt-dependent manner, DDX3 binds CK1ε and directly stimulates its kinase activity, and promotes phosphorylation of the scaffold protein dishevelled. DDX3 is required for Wnt–β-catenin signaling in mammalian cells and during Xenopus and Caenorhabditis elegans development. The results also suggest that the kinase-stimulatory function extends to other DDX and CK1 members, opening fresh perspectives for one of the longest-studied protein kinase families.
Tweets reflect phases during natural disaster

Social media becomes a communicating channel during a natural disaster for detecting disaster events because people share their opinions, feelings, activity during the disaster through the Twitter. Twitter is not simply a platform for broadcasting information, but one of informational interaction. So, we use this platform for mining various disaster relevant tweets during a natural disaster. We examine more than 4,500 tweets during crisis moment. In this paper, we propose a classifier for classifying the disaster phases using social data and identify these types of phases. We use KNN, a machine learning classification algorithm for classifying the disaster relevant tweets. By knowing different phases of a disaster, response teams can detect where disaster will happen; the medical enterprise can be prepared to mitigate the damage after disaster and neighborhood area may also be alert to face the disaster. We classify the disaster-related tweets into three phases that are: pre (preparedness before the disaster event), on (during disaster event), post (impact and recovery after the disaster). We also take the geolocation with latitude and longitude of the disaster event for visualizing it using an earth map which can be useful to emergency response teams and also increase social awareness of the disaster.
The organization of the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome region between the spoVA and serA genetic loci, based on sequence data

Three different lambda phage clones with overlapping inserts of Bacillus subtilis DNA, which cover the region from spoIIAA to serA, have been isolated. The nucleotide sequence of their inserts, starting after spoVAF and ending at serA, has been determined. A contiguous sequence of 35354 bp was established, including previously analysed overlapping adjacent regions. Within the newly determined sequence 31 open reading frames (ORFs) with putative ribosome‐binding sites have been found. Nine of them correspond to previously sequenced and characterized genes: spoVAF, lysA, sipS, ribG, ribB, ribA, ribH, ribTD and dacB. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the products encoded by the other ORFs to known proteins allowed putative functions to be assigned to seven of these ORFs. Among these are the following: (i) the ppiB gene, encoding a cytoplasmic peptidylprolyl isomerase; (ii) two pairs of signal‐transducers, one homologous to phoR–phoP of B. subtilis, encoding regulators of phosphatase biosynthesis, and the second to the fecI–fecR of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for the regulation of the citrate‐dependent iron (III) transport system; (iii) aroC and serA genes, involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and serine, respectively, the function of which has beer: confirmed by constructing corresponding mutants with disrupted ORFs. The organization of putative operons has been postulated on the basis of the sequences of their transcription terminators, promoters and regulatory elements.
Scalable Cloud Defenses for Detection, Analysis and Mitigation of DDoS Attacks

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) is considered as one of the most serious threats to emerging cloud computing infrastructures. It aims at denying access to the cloud infrastructure by making it unavailable to its users. This can cause important economic and organizational damage depending on the type of applications running on the cloud that have become unavailable. This paper proposes an extension to a federated cloud architecture to use scalability and migration of virtual machines to build scalable cloud defenses against cloud DDoS attacks. The architecture is validated by showing how three DDoS attack scenarios are handled by the DDoS countermeasures.
A Two-drug Model for Etoposide Action against Human Topoisomerase IIα*

The widely used anticancer drug etoposide kills cells by increasing levels of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks. While it is known that the drug acts by inhibiting the ability of topoisomerase II to ligate cleaved DNA molecules, the precise mechanism by which it accomplishes this action is not well understood. Because there are two scissile bonds per enzyme-mediated double-stranded DNA break, it has been assumed that there are two sites for etoposide in every cleavage complex. However, it is not known whether the action of etoposide at only one scissile bond is sufficient to stabilize a double-stranded DNA break or whether both drug sites need to be occupied. An oligonucleotide system was utilized to address this important issue. Results of DNA cleavage and ligation assays support atwo-drug model for the action of etoposide against human topoisomerase IIα. This model postulates that drug interactions at both scissile bonds are required in order to increase enzyme-mediated double-stranded DNA breaks. Etoposide actions at either of the two scissile bonds appear to be independent of one another, with each individual drug molecule stabilizing a strand-specific nick rather than a double-stranded DNA break. This finding suggests (at least in the presence of drug) that there is little or no communication between the two promoter active sites of topoisomerase II. The two-drug model has implications for cancer chemotherapy, the cellular processing of etoposide-stabilized enzyme-DNA cleavage complexes, and the catalytic mechanism of eukaryotic topoisomerase II.
cis-Dichlorido[2-methyl-8-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)quinoline-κ3 N,O,N′](triphenylphosphane-κP)ruthenium(II) methanol monosolvate

In the structure of the title compound, [RuCl2(C16H14N2O)(C18H15P)]·CH3OH, he RuII ion shows a slightly distorted octahedral coordination by two N atoms and one O atom from the 2-methyl-8-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)quinoline acting as an N,O,N′-tridentate ligand, two Cl atoms, and one P atom from a PPh3 ligand. The two Cl atoms adopt a cis arrangement with the PPh3 ligand trans to one Cl atom. The N,O,N′-tridentate ligand occupies a mer position in the coordination sphere.
DME-based clock routing in the presence of obstacles

An effective algorithm applying the deferred-merge embedding (DME) algorithm is presented for clock tree construction in the presence of obstacles. During the clock routing, a track graph is constructed in order to guarantee the obstacle-avoidance. Similar to the DME algorithm, our method is composed of a bottom-up phase computing possible loci of nodes and a top-down step to determine the exact placement of each node in the clock topology tree. Obstruction is considered in both two phases. Experiment results shows that our algorithm is promising.
Face identification for people image with general background using vector phase field

This paper proposes an automatic identification method of an acquaintancepsilas face from people image with general background. In this method, we assume that a face in a given image approximately equals to be an Affine transformed (rotated, enlarged/reduced and translated) pattern of registered original one, and that the face pattern is also perturbed by a lighting variation and noise. The recognition method deals with a vector phase field (VPF) that is a normalized gradient vector field obtained from input grey level image. The VPF shows a kind of feature representation for face pattern, while it gives an insensitive feature to lighting variations on the input image. In addition to the representation, we use a region-weighted similarity over the VPF in order to improve the identification accuracy. This paper also presents the experimental results of the proposed method, and illustrates its effectiveness by comparing with non region weighted case.
Passage of protozoa and volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep and from a continuous in vitro fermentation system

1. A procedure for sampling digesta from within the omasal canal of sheep given a variety of roughage diets was used to enable comparison to be made of the composition of effluent from the reticulo-rumen with that of rumen fluid. 2. Concentrations of protozoa in effluents, relative to a soluble marker continuously infused intraruminally, were usually less than 20% of corresponding rumen fluid concentrations. It was estimated that the amount of protozoal nitrogen leaving the rumen represented less than 2% of dietary N. 3. Passage of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the rumen in effluent was less than 75% of that indicated by rumen concentrations. 4. A continuous, in vitro fermentation system was developed, in which outputs of protozoa were comparable with in vivo outputs.
Human Papillomavirus Infection among Bolivian Amazonian Women RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Latin America. Human papilloma virus infection is known to be an important risk factor. However, HPV infection among Bolivian women has not yet been fully evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate HPV infection among women living in a rural region of the Bolivian Amazon. Cervical swab samples were collected from 151 healthy women in three Amazonian villages. From every woman, two samples were collected by cotton swab; one for cytological examination and the other for ethanol- preservation of cervical epithelial cells for HPV DNA testing. High molecular DNA was extracted from the ethanol- preserved cervical epithelial cells and tested for HPV DNA by a PCR-RFLP protocol. Ethanol-preserved cervical epithelial cells remained suitable for DNA isolation and PCR amplification of human β-globin and HPV E6/E7 genes, 25 days after sample collection in the field. HPV-31, HPV-58 and HPV-6 were detected in the studied population. The overall prevalence of HPV infection among Bolivian Amazonian women was 8.0%. Neither dual nor multiple HPV infections were found in any of the positive samples. This is the first report of HPV prevalence and type distribution among Bolivian Amazonian women. Our new method for preservation of cervical epithelial cells in ethanol may be useful for viro-epidemiological studies in rural areas.
Negative autoregulation of c‐myc gene expression is inactivated in transformed cells.

Negative feedback regulation of c‐myc gene expression has been observed in some, but not all, cell types. In order to demonstrate conclusively the existence of this mechanism and gain insight into the cause of its inactivation, we have directly examined its function in B cells and then investigated its activity in a number of cell types. We demonstrate the existence of negative c‐myc autoregulation by showing the rapid, dose dependent and reversible suppression of endogenous c‐myc expression in EBV‐immortalized B lymphoblastoid cells transfected with a c‐myc gene expressed under the control of a heavy metal inducible promoter. Autoregulation occurs at the level of transcriptional initiation and is mediated by at least one stable intermediate or cofactor molecule. The c‐myc autoregulatory mechanism was found operative in all (11 of 11) non‐tumorigenic cells tested, including normal and immortalized lymphocytes and fibroblasts. However, this mechanism was found to be inactive in all (10 of 10) tumor cell lines derived from a variety of tissues including those carrying normal and oncogenically activated c‐myc genes. These data establish the existence of an important regulatory circuit modulating c‐myc expression in normal cells and suggest that its inactivation may represent a general regulatory disturbance of transformed cells.
Non-SMC elements 1 and 3 are required for early embryo and seedling development in Arabidopsis

&NA; Early embryo development from the zygote is an essential stage in the formation of the seed, while seedling development is the beginning of the formation of an individual plant. AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 are subunits of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) 5/6 complex and have been identified as non‐SMC elements, but their functions in Arabidopsis growth and development remain as yet unknown. In this study, we found that loss of function of AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 led to severe defects in early embryo development. Partially complemented mutants showed that the development of mutant seedlings was inhibited, that chromosome fragments occurred during anaphase, and that the cell cycle was delayed at G2/M, which led to the occurrence of endoreduplication. Further, a large number of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) occurred in the nse1 and nse3 mutants, and the expression of AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 was up‐regulated following treatment of the plants with DSB inducer compounds, suggesting that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 have a role in DNA damage repair. Therefore, we conclude that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 facilitate DSB repair and contribute to maintaining genome stability and cell division in mitotic cells. Thus, we think that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 may be crucial factors for maintaining proper early embryonic and post‐embryonic development.
A Novel Virtual Reality System Integrating Online Self-Face Viewing and Mirror Visual Feedback for Stroke Rehabilitation: Rationale and Feasibility

Abstract Purpose: To introduce the rationale of a novel virtual reality system based on self-face viewing and mirror visual feedback, and to examine its feasibility as a rehabilitation tool for poststroke patients. Method: A novel motion capture virtual reality system integrating online self-face viewing and mirror visual feedback has been developed for stroke rehabilitation.The system allows the replacement of the impaired arm by a virtual arm. Upon making small movements of the paretic arm, patients view themselves virtually performing healthy full-range movements. A sample of 6 patients in the acute poststroke phase received the virtual reality treatment concomitantly with conservative rehabilitation treatment. Feasibility was assessed during 10 sessions for each participant. Results: All participants succeeded in operating the system, demonstrating its feasibility in terms of adherence and improvement in task performance. Patients’ performance within the virtual environment and a set of clinical-functional measures recorded before the virtual reality treatment, at 1 week, and after 3 months indicated neurological status and general functioning improvement. Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that this newly developed virtual reality system is safe and feasible. Future randomized controlled studies are required to assess whether this system has beneficial effects in terms of enhancing upper limb function and quality of life in poststroke patients.
Refer-iTTS: A System for Referring in Spoken Installments to Objects in Real-World Images

Current referring expression generation systems mostly deliver their output as one-shot, written expressions. We present on-going work on incremental generation of spoken expressions referring to objects in real-world images. This approach extends upon previous work using the words-as-classifier model for generation. We implement this generator in an incremental dialogue processing framework such that we can exploit an existing interface to incremental text-to-speech synthesis. Our system generates and synthesizes referring expressions while continuously observing non-verbal user reactions.
Numérique et nouveaux enjeux pour le patrimoine

A l’occasion des 30 ans de l’OCIM, La Lettre de l’OCIM propose a ses lecteurs, dans chaque numero de l’annee 2015, un retour sur un article marquant de l’histoire de la revue. A partir d’un corpus d’articles choisis par la redaction de La Lettre de l’OCIM, les membres du comite des Publications de l’OCIM ont selectionne plusieurs contributions. Dans cette perspective, il a ete demande a l’auteur ou a un expert du domaine de revisiter la problematique exposee dans l’article a la lueur des changements intervenus – notamment dans les pratiques professionnelles – depuis son ecriture et de proposer des elements prospectifs sur la question.Laurent Manœuvre revient sur son article « Patrimoine culturel et numerisation », co-ecrit avec Jean-Pierre Dalbera et Michel Melot, publie dans le n° 78 de La Lettre de l’OCIM de novembre-decembre 2001 et dans lequel les auteurs mettaient en lumiere les differents outils mis en place pour favoriser a l’avenir la multiplication sur tout le territoire de systemes d’informations numeriques en ligne.
Sudden Death in a Dog After Doxorubicin Chemotherapy

A case is reported of fatal cardiomyopathy in an 8-year-old female German Shepherd after standard chemotherapy with doxorubicin for splenic hemangiosarcoma. The main gross lesion was a moderate bilateral cardiac ventricular dilation with diffusely pale myocardium. Histological analysis revealed severe multifocal vacuolar degeneration of cardiomyocytes, myocytolysis, myofibril loss, myocardial fibrosis, and edema. Myocardial fiber vacuolization and myocytolysis were highly suggestive of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for laser communications and laser radar

Arrays of photon-counting avalanche photodiodes (APDs) enable laser-communications and laser-radar receivers with unprecedented sensitivity at 1.06-mum wavelength. Near room temperature, the best detectors have: 50% photon detection efficiency, 30-kHz dark count rate, and a 1-mus reset time to avoid after-pulsing. Arrays with 64 elements were fabricated in the InGaAsP/InP materials system and were bump-bonded to a custom CMOS integrated circuit (IC) with a novel nonblocking architecture to continuously report both time-of-arrival for incoming photons as well as their spatial location on the array. Larger arrays with 1024 elements were mated to custom read-out ICs that report time and location data at lower duty cycles (typically 1-5%) and are appropriate for pulsed laser-radar systems
Associaçäo entre apoio social e freqüência relatada de auto-exame das mamas no estudo pró-saúde

Screening programs represent an effective strategy for reducing breast cancer incidence and mortality. In recent decades, the importance of social relations in the preservation of health has been widely discussed, especially in developed countries. Within this context, numerous epidemiological studies have focused on the influence of characteristics of the psychosocial environment on the risk of becoming ill and dying, on health-related behaviors, and on the utilization of health services. One of the most important of such characteristics is the concept of social support, which in the case of this study involves material, affective, and emotional support as well as information and positive interaction. The objective of this study was to identify an association between the prevalence of breast self-examination (BSE) and five different dimensions of social support among employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Questions pertaining to social support and frequency of BSE were included in a structured, self-applied questionnaire during the first stage of data collection in a cohort study with 4,030 technical and administrative employees (2,240 of whom are women). Frequency of self-reported BSE was particularly high among university hospital employees. Among female employees as a whole, the largest proportion (43%) reported performing BSE “every month” or “almost every month”, while 24% reported performing it “rarely” or “never”. Test-retest reliability for this information was high: kappa coefficient = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.89). Answers to questions constituting each of the five dimensions of social support comprised scores, whose distribution was concentrated on higher values (mean values close to 80 points). Even so, it was possible to distinguish sub-groups with different BSE prevalence rates according to social support score tertiles. Prevalence of self-reported BSE varied directly with the level of the five scores for social support dimensions. For each dimension, probability of performing BSE was twice as great among employees in the highest support tertile as compared to employees in the lowest tertile. Having the same reference group, employees in the intermediate score level (second tertile) had a 50% greater probability of performing BSE. Consistency of results in the five dimensions allows one to conclude that different levels of social support can influence health care practices such as BSE.