Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH: Quest Orientation in Young Women: Age Trends During Emerging Adulthood and Relations to Body Image and Disordered Eating

The college and early adulthood years-the period of emerging adulthood-entail dramatic changes in identity and faith, but little is known about age trends in Quest orientation across these years. Further, nothing is known about the links between Quest and body image and eating behavior. We addressed these issues in 3 groups of young women: college freshmen and sophomores (n = 57,Mage 18.5 years), college juniors and seniors (n = 43, M age 21 years), and college graduates tested 3 years after graduation (n = 51, M age 25 years). Women completed the Quest Scale, Body Esteem scale, and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Age differences emerged, as college juniors and seniors were significantly higher on total Quest than freshmen and sophomores and marginally higher than recent graduates. The groups differed on 2 of the 3 subscales. Juniors and seniors were significantly higher on Doubting as Positive than freshmen and sophomores, and were significantly higher on Openness to Change than freshmen and sophomores and recent graduates. Relations between women's total Quest scores and body image and eating scores varied by age, as Quest in freshmen and sophomores correlated significantly with higher bulimia and body dissatisfaction. Total Quest was unrelated to body image and eating scores in the other age groups. The findings are discussed in terms of developmental processes during emerging adulthood.
Incentive mechanism for cooperative content discovery in mobile wireless networks: A repeated cooperative game-theoretic approach

In this paper we introduce a new collaboration paradigm to achieve content discovery with infrastructure fixed on many autonomous geographical regions in mobile wireless networks. In this paradigm, mobile users, physically located in the regions, send a request to the infrastructure and obtain contents using their mobile devices. To achieve the paradigm, we design an incentive mechanism with a repeated cooperative game-theoretic approach. This approach stimulates mobile users that are selfish and often reluctant to consume their energy for providing any information or services to make their own contents available to someone else. Additionally, we discuss game ingredients in our approach, including the assessed value, the battery charge level and the signal strength level. We find all Nash equilibria in our approach and obtain the ratio of temporal discounting. The results via our simulations show that our approach can effectively motivate mobile users to share their contents in terms of the ratio.
Role of electrophilic and general base catalysis in the mechanism of Escherichia coli uracil DNA glycosylase.

Escherichia coli uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) catalyzes the hydrolysis of premutagenic uracil bases in DNA by flipping the deoxyuridine from the DNA helix [Stivers, J. T. , et al. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 952]. A general acid-base mechanism has been proposed whereby His187 facilitates leaving group departure by protonating the O2 of uracil and Asp64 activates a water molecule for nucleophilic attack at C1' of the deoxyribose. Detailed kinetic studies on the H187Q, H187A, and D64N mutant enzymes indicate that Asp64 and His187 stabilize the chemical transition state by 5.3 and 4.8 kcal/mol, respectively, with little effect on substrate or product binding. The pH dependence of k(cat) for wild-type and H187Q UDG indicates that an unprotonated group in the enzyme-substrate complex (pK(a) = 6.2 +/- 0.2) is required for catalysis. This unprotonated group has a small DeltaH of ionization (-0.4 +/- 1.7 kcal/mol) and is absent in the pH profile for D64N UDG, suggesting that it corresponds to the general base Asp64. The pH dependence of k(cat) for wild-type, H187Q, and D64N UDG shows no evidence for an essential protonated group over the pH range of 5.5-10. Hence, the pK(a) of His187 must be outside this pH range if it serves as an electrophilic catalyst. These results support a mechanism in which Asp64 serves as the general base and His187 acts as a neutral electrophile, stabilizing a developing negative charge on uracil O2 in the transition state. In the following paper of this issue we establish by crystallography and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy that the imidazole of His187 is neutral during the catalytic cycle of UDG.
Reconciling Care and Control: Authority in Classroom Relationships

One of the central ethical tensions that novice teachers face is how to care for their students while establishing and maintaining control. The author portrays one student teacher's intentions to care and control, analyzes the student teacher's caring actions, and proposes that teacher educators and prospective teachers have a responsibility to under stand the tensions and connections of caring and controlling. He describes some con straints on student teachers' power to care, examines how legitimate authority is estab lished, and concludes with a commentary about the ethical responsibilities of teacher educators.
Class IV Semaphorins Promote Angiogenesis by Stimulating Rho-Initiated Pathways through Plexin-B

The semaphorins are a large family of secreted and cell surface proteins that provide attractive and repulsive cues for axon guidance during neuronal development. Semaphorins share a conserved NH2-terminal Sema domain with their receptors, the plexins, which mediate neuronal cell adhesion, axon guidance, and maintenance of established neuronal pathways in the adult. Both semaphorins and plexins share structural homology with the extracellular domain of c-Met, a member of the scatter factor family of receptors. However, the highly conserved cytoplasmic region of plexins has no homology with the c-Met tyrosine kinase or with any other known protein. Using a recently developed antibody and RNA analysis, we found that high levels of plexin-B1 are expressed in endothelial cells. Whereas c-Met, with which plexin-B1 can interact, is known to be a potent promoter of angiogenesis, the effects of semaphorin-mediated plexin activation in endothelial cells are still poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of plexin-B1 activation in angiogenesis using a purified, secreted form of its ligand, Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D). Sema4D potently induced chemotaxis and tubulogenesis in endothelial cells and enhanced blood vessel formation in an in vivo mouse model. Interestingly, responses to Sema4D did not require c-Met activation. Instead, the use of chimeric plexin-B1 receptors, Rho inhibitors, and lentiviral gene delivery of interfering molecules revealed that these proangiogenic effects are dependent on a COOH-terminal PDZ-binding motif of plexin-B1, which binds two guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small GTPase Rho, PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG, and are mediated by the activation of Rho-initiated pathways.
Machine learning for spoken dialogue systems

During the last decade, research in the field of Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS) has experienced increasing growth. However, the design and optimization of SDS is not only about combin- ing speech and language processing systems such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), parsers, Natural Language Gener- ation (NLG), and Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis systems. It also requires the development of dialogue strategies taking at least into account the performances of these subsystems (and others), the nature of the task (e.g. form filling, tutoring, robot control, or database search/browsing), and the user's behaviour (e.g. cooperativeness, expertise). Due to the great variability of these factors, reuse of previous hand-crafted designs is also made very difficult. For these reasons, statistical machine learn- ing (ML) methods applied to automatic SDS optimization have been a leading research area for the last few years. In this paper, we provide a short review of the field and of recent advances.
Rewriting writing in higher education: the contested spaces of proofreading

This article reports on a research project on proofreading, prompted by its proliferation in contemporary higher education. The article is framed by an academic literacies perspective and develops the concept of ‘writtenness’, which draws attention to both the underlying culturally and socially constructed values relating to the production and reception of written work, and the tendency to under‐acknowledge the academic achievement of writing well in the relevant discipline, especially in the case of students who do not already possess the requisite ‘cultural capital’. This includes international students whose first language is not English, as well as ‘non‐traditional’ students. The use of the term ‘proofreading’ is seen as masking the complexity of academic writing, on the one hand, and maintaining its status as relatively unimportant, on the other. Particularly in the latter case, this is seen as emblematic of a culturally deeply embedded predisposition to privilege knowledge or content over language.
Genotype MTBDR plus (Hain) test in suspected MDR-TB patients.

BACKGROUND Incidence ofMDR-TB in Thailand is higher Diagnosis ofmulti-drug resistance (MDR-TB) is often delayed because of insufficient investigations. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an efficient testing method. Genotype MTBDR plus (Hain test) is a new technology of line probe assay (LPAs) In general practice, it had questionable benefit on negative and positive direct smear specimens. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the accuracy of the Hain test as compared to the conventional culture and drug susceptibility test (DST), and evaluate the judgment of the physician on starting MDR-TB treatment after receiving the result of the Hain test. MATERIAL AND METHOD An observational prospective study was done of 100 suspected MDR-TB patients who visited the Central Chest Institute of Thailand between September and December 2012. Ninety-four patients were included in the present study. They were assessed by direct sputum smear test, Hain test, sputum conventional culture, and drug-susceptibility test (DST) in the first visit. Followed-up treatment until cure/definite treatment were observed for definite diagnosis. RESULTS Hain tests identified 65 (69%) MTB positives, 25 (26%) MTB negatives, andfour (4%) Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM), respectively. Fourteen of 17 negative direct smear but positive Hain test samples were culture negative. We followed these 14 patients. Four patients with TB treatment were cured. Six patients received MDR treatment and improved. Two patients were misdiagnosed CA. Two patients had old scar TB lesion. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy ofHain test for MDR-TB detection compared to standard conventional culture were 95%, 86%, and 88%, respectively. Twelve patients were NTMculture positive. Most of them (75%) were M abscessus. Sixty-three percent of chest physicians used the result of the Hain testfor extended treatment ofstandard regimen in non-IR resistance or changing ofTB regimen. There was correlation between judgments of starting MDR-TB treatment and results of Hain test (p = 0.001), no correlation between judgments of physician and pattern (default/relapse/failure) ofprevious TB treatment history (p = 0.6), and periods oftime from first diagnosis of TB to develop suspected MDR-TB (p = 0.09) were demonstrated. CONCLUSION We recommend Hain test to diagnose MDR-TB in highly suspected cases, and to wait for conventional culture results to confirm NTM. Hain test has benefit in negative direct smear
PLoS Computational Biology Conference Postcards from PSB 2010

1 Berkeley Phylogenomics Group, QB3 Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 2 Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, 3 Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 4 Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
GABA Depolarizes Immature Neocortical Neurons in the Presence of the Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate

A large body of evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter GABA undergoes a developmental switch from being predominantly depolarizing–excitatory to predominantly hyperpolarizing–inhibitory. Recently published data, however, point to the possibility that the presumed depolarizing mode of GABA action during early development might represent an artifact due to an insufficient energy supply of the in vitro preparations used. Specifically, addition of the ketone body dl-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) to the extracellular medium was shown to prevent GABA from exerting excitatory effects. Applying a complementary set of minimally invasive optical and electrophysiological techniques in brain slices from neonatal mice, we investigated the effects of βHB on GABA actions in immature cells of the upper cortical plate. Fluorescence imaging revealed that GABA-mediated somatic [Ca2+] transients, that required activation of GABAA receptors and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, remained unaffected by βHB. Cell-attached current-clamp recordings showed that, in the presence of βHB, GABA still induced a membrane potential depolarization. To estimate membrane potential changes quantitatively, we used cell-attached recordings of voltage-gated potassium currents and demonstrated that the GABA-mediated depolarization was independent of supplementation of the extracellular solution with βHB. We conclude that, in vitro, GABA depolarizes immature cells of the upper cortical plate in the presence of the ketone body βHB. Our data thereby support the general concept of an excitatory-to-inhibitory switch of GABA action during early development.
Immigrant Children's Educational Achievement in Western Countries: Origin, Destination, and Community Effects on Mathematical Performance

This article explores the extent to which macro-level characteristics of destination countries, origin countries, and immigrant communities help explain differences in immigrant children's educational achievement. Using data from the 2003 PISA survey, we analyze the mathematical performance of 7,403 pupils from 35 different origin countries in 13 Western countries of destination. While compositional differences offer some explanatory power, they cannot fully explain cross-national and cross-group variance. Contextual attributes of host countries, origin countries, and communities are also meaningful. In this regard, strict immigration laws explain immigrant children's better educational performance in traditional immigrant-receiving countries. Results further suggest that origin countries' level of economic development can negatively affect immigrant children's educational performance, and that immigrant children from more politically stable countries perform better at school. Finally, socioeconomic differences between immigrant communities and a native population, and relative community size, both shape immigrant children's scholastic achievement.
A school-based movement programme for children with motor learning difficulty

The study investigated the effectiveness of a school-based movement programme for a population of 5 to 7 year old children. Performance profiles on the Movement ABC were used to classify the children and to assess skill changes over time. Children were assigned to four different groups: motor learning difficulty (n = 10), borderline motor learning difficulty (n = 5), trained controls (n = 9), untrained controls (n = 9). The total programme consisted of 26 weekly sessions. Each one-hour session comprised of structured group play, individualized skill training, and relaxation. The results showed that children with motor learning difficulty improved consistently in the targeted skills. Most importantly, the obtained effects persisted beyond the actual intervention. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of task-oriented approaches in a school-based setting for children with motor learning difficulty.
Counting Beans: Agrobiodiversity, Indigeneity, and Agrarian Reform

Abstract In-field conservation of locally domesticated crop varieties ameliorates agrobiodiversity losses, but the interaction among nationally regulated socioeconomic factors at the local scale tends to discourage this. Analyses of household surveys conducted in Ecuador demonstrate that state and nongovernmental institutions interact to discourage cultivation of locally domesticated varieties of beans (Phaseolus spp.). Land privatization, agricultural extension, and credit programs favor market production of introduced modern bean varieties, and locally domesticated varieties are noted for favorable nutrition, culinary, and agroecological qualities. Resolving disconnections between the market and social values for landrace beans may provide agrobiodiversity conservation opportunities.
Clinical Significance of Additional Wide Resection for Unplanned Resection of High Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Purpose: Unplanned resection of musculoskeletal sarcoma involves tumor excision without any suspicion of malignancy or regard for the necessity of defining adequate margins. For orthopaedic oncologists, many opportunities arise for management of unplanned resections initially performed by non-specialist surgeons. The puropose of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes and the problems of the patients with unplanned resection of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Methods: 77 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. Oncological outcomes together with validity and problems of additional treatments were analyzed. Results: Five-year local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, event-free survival and total survival were 71.55%, 73.2%, 57.5% and 85.9%, respectively. Among adjuvant therapy including additional wide resection, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, only additional wide resection significantly improved oncological outcomes. Conclusion: Additional wide resection appears to be effective in the treatment of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas following primary resection with compromised margins of resection.
Reconstruction accuracy of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The reconstruction of extensive air showers (arrival direction, core position and energy estimation) by the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is discussed together with the corresponding accuracy. We determine the angular reconstruction accuracy as a function of the station multiplicity by using two different approaches. We discuss statistical and systematic uncertainties in the determination of the signal at 1000 m from the core, S(1000), which is used to estimate the primary energy.
Does Early Paternal Parenting Promote Low-Income Children’s Long-Term Cognitive Skills?

Although scholars and policy makers herald the promotive influence of fathers’ parenting involvement, limited research has carefully delineated effects of fathers’ parenting on low-income children’s development and whether early contributions from fathers confer long-term protective effects. Using data from the Three-City Study (N = 261), analyses assessed whether fathers’ parenting practices during early childhood showed long-term links with low-income children’s cognitive skills through middle childhood. Results found that fathers’ warm and stimulating parenting predicted enhanced reading and math skills for children in middle childhood, whereas fathers’ restrictive discipline predicted lower reading and math skills. These links were independent of mothers’ parenting and emerged controlling for a range of child and family characteristics. Associations between fathers’ parenting and children’s cognitive skills were similar across both resident and nonresident fathers and across African American and Hispanic families.
Making Sense of the Organization

Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: Organizations as Contexts for Sensemaking:. Introduction. 1. Sensemaking in Organizations: Small Structures with Large Consequences. 2. Sources of Order in Underorganized Systems: Themes in Recent Organizational Theory. 3. Organizational Redesign as Improvisation. Part II: Components of Sensemaking:. Introduction. Ecological Change. 4. The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster. 5. The Vulnerable System: An Analysis of the Tenerife Air Disaster. 6. Technology as Equivoque: Sense--making in New Technologies. Enactment. 7. Enactment Processes in Organizations. 8. Enactment and the Boundaryless Career. 9. Enacted Sensemaking in Crisis Situations. Selection. 10. Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems. 11. Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight Decks. 12. Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis. Retention. 13. Organizational Culture as a Source of High Reliability. 14. Organizations as Cause Maps. 15. Substitutes for Corporate Strategy. 16. The Attitude of Wisdom: Ambivalence as the Optimal Compromise. 17. Management of Organizational Change Among Loosely Coupled Elements. 18. Organization Design: Organizations as Self--Designing Systems. 19. Small Wins: Redefining the Scale of Social Problems. 20. Cosmos vs. Chaos: Sense and Nonsense in the Electronic Contexts. 21. Sensemaking as an Organizational Dimension of Global Change. Index.
Introducing Real Time Communication: Frames, Modes & Rules

The paper reports on the implementation of Lotus® Sametime® in a large financial services company. The paper uses the distinction of application and infrastructure view to elaborate on distinct modes of RTC use. Moreover, it provides a classification of managerial tasks and responsibilities and reflects on the balancing act of the managerial dictum and space for experimentation and organizational learning. The case highlights organizational design choices as well as managerial challenges. It provides rich insights into the processes of organizational embedding and rule setting, complemented by individual appropriation and self-organization on a group level. Processes of managerial and organizational alignment unfold against the backdrop of the dynamics of implementation.
Clinical outcomes of robotic mitral valve repair: a single-center experience in Korea.

BACKGROUND Since the inception of robotic mitral valve repair (MV) in 2007 at our institution, it has become an acceptable surgical option with proven efficacy and safety. The objective of this study is to analyze the early and long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing robotic MV repair. METHODS A total of 310 patients (aged 48.4±13.7 years, 201 males) undergoing robotic MV repair using the da Vinci system (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) between August 2007 and December 2015 in our institution were evaluated. The preoperative demographics, operative profiles and postoperative outcomes including follow-up echocardiographic results were analyzed. RESULTS Successful MV repair was achieved in 98.4% (n=305) of patients, with no significant residual mitral regurgitation (MR) postoperatively. There were no early postoperative deaths. Early postoperative complications included: stroke (n=3, 1.0%), new onset dialysis (n=1, 0.3%) and reoperation (n=3, 1.0%). During a median follow-up of 55.7 months (inter-quartile range 30.3 to 81.3 months), six (1.9%) patients died, while four patients underwent late reoperation for mitral regurgitation (n=2) or infective endocarditis (n=2). Major event-free survival at five years was 87.6%. Late echocardiographic profiles (>6 months) were obtained in 295 (95.2%) patients. During follow-up, 32 (10.8%) patients developed significant mitral regurgitation (MR > grade 2), while freedom from significant MR at five years was 86.5%. CONCLUSIONS Robotic MV repair is a safe procedure with acceptable postoperative results, including low early postoperative morbidity and mortality and acceptable long-term repair durability.