Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Public, Nonprofit, and Private-Sector Employees Access Volunteer Roles

ABSTRACT Research has found that public and nonprofit employees volunteer at a higher rate than their for-profit-sector counterparts, with the disparity typically explained as a behavioral consequence of their higher public service motivation (PSM). This article considers an alternative explanation that public and nonprofit jobs might offer greater formal avenues for participation, and hence that differences in volunteering might simply be an indicator of ease of access to such opportunities, rather than of inherent prosocial orientation. Examining whether individuals in different sectors use different pathways to access volunteer roles may improve our understanding of sectoral differences in prosocial behavior. This study accordingly examines how public, nonprofit, and for-profit private-sector employees access organizational volunteer roles. The results show a few significant differences in access to volunteer roles by occupation sector. The implications of these findings for voluntary management, corporate social responsibility research, and future research are discussed.
Systematic characterization of element coupling in high-directivity antenna arrays

In this contribution, large (high-directivity) antenna arrays are treated as coupled-resonator structures. It is shown that sufficiently high resonator quality factors guarantee single-mode operation of the individual array elements. It is also shown that the traditional tendency to minimize or even eliminate inter-element coupling, which puts severe limitations on the array design and fabrication processes, is not necessarily advantageous in all cases. In addition, a systematic characterization of this coupling is presented and/or revisited, which is applicable to those cases, in which element coupling cannot be neglected. It simplifies the design of steerable high-directivity antenna arrays with large number of elements. It can also be used in error diagnostics (the inverse problem). Only one-dimensional arrays are investigated in this contribution. The generalization to the two-dimensional case is however straightforward.
Visual Acuity in Mammals: Effects of Eye Size and Ecology

Previous comparative research has attributed interspecific variation in eye size among mammals to selection related to visual acuity. Mammalian species have also been hypothesized to differ in visual acuity partly as a result of differences in ecology. While a number of prior studies have explored ecological and phylogenetic effects on eye shape, a broad comparative analysis of the relationships between visual acuity, eye size and ecology in mammals is currently lacking. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods to explore these relationships in a taxonomically and ecologically diverse sample of 91 mammal species. These data confirm that axial eye length and visual acuity are significantly positively correlated in mammals. This relationship conforms to expectations based on theoretical optics and prior analyses of smaller comparative samples. Our data also demonstrate that higher visual acuity in mammals is associated with: (1) diurnality and (2) predatory habits once the effects of eye size and phylogeny have been statistically controlled. These results suggest that interspecific variation in mammalian visual acuity is the result of a complex interplay between phylogenetic history, visual anatomy and ecology.
Cognitive disinhibition and socioemotional functioning in Alzheimer's disease

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience difficulties with socioemotional functioning, and it has been proposed that cognitive disinhibition may be one potential mechanism that contributes to difficulties in this area. To test this possibility, twenty individuals with AD and 20 demographically matched controls were administered self-report measures of depression, emotion regulation and empathy, in addition to a behavioral measure that has proven to be very sensitive to inhibitory failures (the Hayling Sentence Completion Test). Relative to controls AD participants exhibited increased inhibitory failures on the Hayling, and self-reported significantly reduced cognitive empathy, but did not differ with respect to affective empathy, depression or perceived capacity for emotion regulation. Controlling for general cognitive status, in the AD (but not the control) group, reduced cognitive inhibition was associated with lower levels of depression. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. (JINS, 2007, 13, 1060–1064.)
Structures and Chemical Equilibria of Some N-Heterocycles Containing Amide Linkages

Structures and chemical equilibria of 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil (1), 5,6-diphenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine (2), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (3) and 2-mercapto-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine hydrochloride (4) are reported. Their electronic transitions are assigned and pK values are evaluated and discussed.
Inhibition of Oxytocic Responses to Oxytocin in Pregnant Rats by [1-L-Penicillamine]oxytocin and [1-β-Mercapto-β,β-diethylpropionic acid]oxytocin 1

Summary The ability of [1-L-pcnicillamine]oxytocin and [1-β-mercapto-β,β-diethyl-propionic acid]oxytocin to suppress the contractions induced by oxytocin in the uteri of 12- to 16-day-pregnant rats has been demonstrated, using a new technique for recording uterine activity in vivo.
An experimental Software Defined Security controller for Software Defined Network

Software Defined Networking is an emerging technology that permits computer network infrastructure to be scaled dynamically as needed while enhancing the manageability of the various network devices in heterogeneous environment as opposed to classical networking. These capabilities emerge from the separation of the data plane from the control plane; thus, allowing the network devices to be programmatically managed and controlled. Similarly, the concept of Software Defined Security allows security solutions such as Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems to be dynamically implemented, controlled and managed using programmable interfaces. In this research, the authors propose an experimental software defined security controller based on the Open vSwitch Controller to detect and prevent IP and MAC spoofing attacks on the network. The proposed controller is simulated using Mininet. The simulation results confirm that the proposed controller is capable to detect and prevent the aforementioned attacks with high precision.
Stability and Performance of the R-Aloha Packet Broadcast System

The dynamic behavior of the R-ALOHA packet broadcast system with multipacket messages is analyzed in this paper. It is assumed that each user handles one message at a time and the number of packets in a message is geometrically distributed. A Markovian model of the system is first formulated which explicitly contains the influence of the propagation delay of the broadcast channel. An approximate technique called equilibrium point analysis (EPA) is utilized to analyze the multidimensional Markov chain. The system stability behavior and the throughput-average message delay performance are demonstrated by the EPA. Numerical results from both analysis and simulation are given to assess the accuracy of the analytic results. Applying the analytic results to the slotted ALOHA with single packet messages, we prove mathematically that a method by Kleinrock and Lam for taking into account the influence of the propagation delay is an excellent approximation.
Funding acquisition drivers for new venture firms: Diminishing value of human capital signals in early rounds of funding

Multiple factors such as human capital, amount raised in the first round, innovation etc. have an impact on the funding prospect of new ventures. This paper explored the influencing factors that drive multiple rounds of funding for new venture firms and provided a much broader perspective of funding drivers during the early stages of the new venture firm. Using signalling theory and human capital theory, this paper analyzed signals that influence the acquisition of funds in the first round and whether those signals persisted for the second and third rounds of funding when information asymmetries between the investors and new venture firms reduce. This study disentangled the signalling effects of the human capital factors across three funding rounds and proved the diminishing value of signals across each subsequent round of funding. Finding showed that the signal effect from premier institution education was the only human capital signal that persisted across each round of funding, while other signals did not persist beyond the first round of funding. In addition, new venture firms with founders educated from premier educational institutions were able to attract more investors and close more funding rounds. This study also proved that the amount raised in the first round of funding positively impacted the amounts raised in the second and third rounds stressing its importance for new venture firms. Empirical demonstration of the propositions was done with 156 new venture firms in India, the fastest growing and third largest startup ecosystem in the world.
Preliminary test results of radial-type sintered Sm-123 bulk motor

We designed and fabricated a radial-type motor with a high temperature superconducting bulk rotor. The fabricated motor has 3-phase and 4-pole armature winding, and then generates rotating magnetic field at the speed of 1800 rpm under the condition of 3-phase, 60 Hz electric power. Sintered Sm-123 bulk was utilized for the solid rotor in this study. The performance of the sintered Sm-123 bulk motor was evaluated by no-load, locked-rotor and load test. Test results showed that the motor generated a little torque and rotated with large slip, even if the motor was applied 165 V/sub rms/ of the phase voltage (the stator current is 18 A/sub rms/). Because of small magneto-motive-force and spatial harmonic components in the air-gap, magnetic flux was prevented from penetrating into the HTS bulk rotor. Therefore, the screening current in the rotor flowed only at the surface of the rotor and generated torque is remained in a little value.
A Study of Financial Literacy and Its Determinants: Evidence from India

Financial Literacy has become a priority area across the world in recent years. In a complex and globalized marketplace, a myriad of products is offered in the financial market, and the accessibility of products has also increased. This has made it imperative for individuals to be well equipped with the necessary financial knowledge and awareness to use their financial resources in an optimum way. The study examines the financial literacy of the people by using a questionnaire developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The data were collected from 500 respondents from the state of Haryana. The findings reveal that only one-third of the total sample exhibit higher financial literacy. Although the majority of the people possess basic financial knowledge and exhibit positive financial behaviour, 57 per cent of the respondents lack a positive financial attitude. This suggests the need for the introduction of initiatives on the part of policymakers, which may be beneficial in changing the attitudes of the respondents. However, analysis of the socio-demographics suggests that certain factors may prevent persons from being more financially literate. In particular, low levels of income, income instability, and low age are associated with lower levels of financial literacy. The present study offers the first ever comprehensive insight into the financial literacy of the Haryana region. Keywords: Financial Attitude, Financial Behaviour, Financial Knowledge, Financial Literacy, Socio-demographic Factors JEL Classification: D14, I22
Statistical methods in computational anatomy

This paper reviews recent developments by the Washington/Brown groups for the study of anatomical shape in the emerging new discipline of computational anatomy. Parametric representations of anatomical variation for computational anatomy are reviewed, restricted to the assumption of small deformations. The generation of covariance operators for probabilistic measures of anatomical variation on coordinatized submanifolds is formulated as an empirical procedure. Populations of brains are mapped to common coordinate systems, from which template coordinate systems are constructed which are closest to the population of anatomies in a minimum distance sense. Variation of several one-, two and three-dimensional manifolds, i.e. sulci, surfaces and brain volumes are examined via Gaussian measures with mean and covariances estimated directly from maps of templates to targets. Methods are presented for estimating the covariances of vector fields from a family of empirically generated maps, posed as generalized spectrum estimation indexed over the submanifolds. Covariance estimation is made parametric, analogous to autoregressive modelling, by introducing small deformation linear operators for constraining the spectrum of the fields.
Gene expression profiling in glomeruli from human kidneys with diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequent complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. To find improved intervention strategies in this disease, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. To obtain more insight into processes that lead to DN, messenger RNA expression profiles of diabetic glomeruli and glomeruli from healthy individuals were compared. METHODS Two morphologically normal kidneys and 2 kidneys from patients with DN were used for the study. Glomerular RNA was hybridized in duplicate on Human Genome U95Av2 Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Several transcripts were tested further in independent patient groups and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Ninety-six genes were upregulated in diabetic glomeruli, whereas 519 genes were downregulated. The list of overexpressed genes in DN includes aquaporin 1, calpain 3, hyaluronoglucosidase, and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The list of downregulated genes includes bone morphogenetic protein 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, and nephrin. A decrease in VEGF and nephrin could be validated at the protein level and also at the RNA level in renal biopsy specimens from 5 additional patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Results of oligonucleotide microarray analyses on control and diabetic glomeruli are presented and discussed in their relation to vascular damage, mesangial matrix expansion, proliferation, and proteinuria. Our findings suggest that progression of DN might result from diminished tissue repair capability.
An extension of generalized bilinear transformation for digital redesign

In this paper, the existing digital redesign method, Generalized Bilinear Transformation (GBT), is extended so that large overshoot is suppressed while compar- atively large sampling period is obtained in the digital control system. The extension is established by introducing piecewise or multiple discretization parameters in GBT. Sev- eral simulation examples are given to show effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Digital redesign, Generalized bilinear transformation (GBT), Sampling pe- riod, Discretization parameter, Switched system, 2-delay (N-delay) control
A novel technique for simultaneous whole‐body and multi‐organ decellularization: umbilical artery catheterization as a perfusion‐based method in a sheep foetus model

The aim of this study was to develop a method to generate multi‐organ acellular matrices. Using a foetal sheep model have developed a method of systemic pulsatile perfusion via the umbilical artery which allows for simultaneous multi‐organ decellularization. Twenty sheep foetuses were systemically perfused with Triton X‐100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Following completion of the whole‐body decellularization, multiple biopsy samples were taken from different parts of 21 organs to ascertain complete cell component removal in the preserved extracellular matrices. Both the natural and decellularized organs were subjected to several examinations. The samples were obtained from the skin, eye, ear, nose, throat, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, musculoskeletal, central nervous and peripheral nervous systems. The histological results depicted well‐preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and intact vascular structures, without any evidence of residual cellular materials, in all decellularized bioscaffolds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biochemical properties remained intact, similar to their age‐matched native counterparts. Preservation of the collagen structure was evaluated by a hydroxyproline assay. Dense organs such as bone and muscle were also completely decellularized, with a preserved ECM structure. Thus, as shown in this study, several organs and different tissues were decellularized using a perfusion‐based method, which has not been previously accomplished. Given the technical challenges that exist for the efficient generation of biological scaffolds, the current results may pave the way for obtaining a variety of decellularized scaffolds from a single donor. In this study, there have been unique responses to the single acellularization protocol in foetuses, which may reflect the homogeneity of tissues and organs in the developing foetal body.
The primitive streak gene Mixl1 is required for efficient haematopoiesis and BMP4-induced ventral mesoderm patterning in differentiating ES cells

The homeobox gene Mixl1 is expressed in the primitive streak of the gastrulating embryo, and marks cells destined to form mesoderm and endoderm. The role of Mixl1 in development of haematopoietic mesoderm was investigated by analysing the differentiation of ES cells in which GFP was targeted to one (Mixl1GFP/w) or both (Mixl1GFP/GFP) alleles of the Mixl1 locus. In either case, GFP was transiently expressed, with over 80% of cells in day 4 embryoid bodies (EBs) being GFP+. Up to 45% of Mixl1GFP/w day 4 EB cells co-expressed GFP and the haemangioblast marker FLK1, and this doubly-positive population was enriched for blast colony forming cells (BL-CFCs). Mixl1-null ES cells, however, displayed a haematopoietic defect characterised by reduced and delayed Flk1 expression and a decrease in the frequency of haematopoietic CFCs. These data indicated that Mixl1 was required for efficient differentiation of cells from the primitive streak stage to blood. Differentiation of ES cells under serum-free conditions demonstrated that induction of Mixl1- and Flk1-expressing haematopoietic mesoderm required medium supplemented with BMP4 or activin A. In conclusion, this study has revealed an important role for Mixl1 in haematopoietic development and demonstrates the utility of the Mixl1GFP/w ES cells for evaluating growth factors influencing mesendodermal differentiation.
Extracting seismic uncertainties from tomographic velocity inversion and their use in reservoir risk analysis

Structural information in subsurface seismic images is critical for reservoir delineation, reserve estimation, and well planning. However, by its very nature, it is also uncertain. One cause of the image uncertainty is the migration velocity model that directly affects the position of migrated events, both laterally and vertically. (The term “velocity” is meant in the broad sense; i.e., it also includes the anisotropy parameters.) We present a method that accounts for uncertainties in a velocity model estimated by tomography and translates them into the migrated domain. Standard-deviation attributes on target horizon positions or layer thicknesses are extracted. The method includes quality controls for validating the estimated uncertainty attributes before integration with other downstream or interpretative information. The method is demonstrated on a North Sea area covered by data from multiple seismic surveys. We observe that uncertainties increase with model complexity or depth and decrease as the illu.
Evaluation of criteria for optimal time AI postulated by estrous signs in lactating dairy cows kept in tie-stalls

Relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus is obvious around 6 to 18 h before ovulation, and this is considered the optimal time for artificial insemination (AI), as demonstrated in recent studies. Estrous signs have been suggested as useful criteria for determining the optimal time for AI. Therefore, this study evaluated the usefulness of estrous signs, particularly the relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus, as criteria for determining the optimal time for AI. A Total of 100 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows kept in tie-stall barns were investigated. AI was carried out based on the criterion for the optimal time for AI (optimal group), and earlier (early group) and later (late group) than the optimal time for AI, determined on the basis of estrous signs. After AI, ovulation was assessed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic observation at 6-h intervals. For 87.5% (35/40) of cows in the optimal group, AI was carried out 24-6 h before ovulation, which was previously accepted as the optimal time for AI. AI was carried out earlier (early group) and later (late group) than optimal time for AI in 62.1% (18/29) and 71.0% (22/31) of cows, respectively. The conception rate for the optimal group was 60.0%, and this conception rate was higher than that for the early group (44.8%) and late group (32.2%), without significance. Further, the conception rate of the optimal group was significantly higher than the sum of the conception rates of the early and late groups (38.3%; 23/60) (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the criteria postulated, relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus and other estrous signs are useful in determining the optimal time for AI. Furthermore, these estrous signs enable the estimations of stages in the periovulatory period.
Development of Information Technology Structural Scheme For Monitoring Business Process

This paper aims to explain that using the Business Activity Monitoring method in a business process is expected to make the business process better. By utilizing the current information technology, a business process company can be monitored by the company with ease. Through information technology, to monitor the company’s business processes, which allows automating the process of formation of representations for business processes provided, it is necessary to integrate all the information technology used. Information technology offered is using the business activity monitoring, in the hope to monitor a business process activities well and effectively. The concept scenario is simplified by the person making the business decision, estimating the place of the company’s economy, using specialized software, then based on a series of business decision rules informing the user or other parts of the business activity. The block diagram of this technology is developed and the appointment of its basic elements is considered, conducts a retrospective analysis of business processes, forecasts the business activities of the company, and collects performance statistics for all activities and controls that can change business processes. Information technology offered is using the business activity monitoring.