Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steady-state Growth of the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: UNCOUPLED KINETICS OF NITRATE UPTAKE AND NITRITE PRODUCTION.

Seasonal studies of the vertical distribution of nitrate, nitrite, and phytoplankton in the oceans and studies using (15)N as a tracer of nitrate metabolism indicate that the reduction of nitrate by phytoplankton is a source of nitrite in the upper waters of the ocean. To better understand this process, the relationship between nitrate uptake and nitrite production has been examined with continuous cultures of the small marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. In a turbidostat culture, the rates of nitrite production by T. pseudonana increase with light intensity. This process is only loosely coupled to rates of nitrate assimilation since the ratio of net nitrite production to total nitrate assimilation increases with increased rates of growth. In continuous cultures where steady-state concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were varied, T. pseudonana produced nitrite at rates which increased with increasing concentrations of nitrate. Again, the rates of nitrite production were uncoupled from rates of nitrate assimilation. The study was used to derive a mathematical description of nitrate and nitrite metabolism by T. pseudonana.The validity of this model was supported by the results of a study in which (15)N-labeled nitrite was introduced into the continuous culture, and the model was used to examine patterns in distribution of nitrite in the Antarctic Ocean and the Sargasso Sea.
Complexity and Performance of Turbo Equalization for OFDM Systems in Doubly Selective Channels

Time and frequency selective channels or doubly selective channels leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We investigate how effectively turbo equalization could reduce the complexity burden of frequency domain equalization in the presence of doubly selective fading channels. We split the frequency domain matrix into several small sub-matrices that contain significant channel information and combine the MMSE equalization and the MAP decoding for iterative structure based on sub-matrices of frequency domain channel matrix. Simulation results show how much complexity reduction the iterative method can offer with better BER performance than that of the non iteration method. The iterative method has 70% computational complexity reduction with achieving 1 dB performance improvement in our simulations.
Real Time Heart Rate Variability Analysis Development in Embedded System

electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most preferably used noninvasive test for diagnosis of cardiac rhythm. Irregular rhythm of heart beats is measured in terms of heart rate variability (HRV). Analysis of HRV plays an important role in automated diagnosis of cardiac status. This paper deals with development of an embedded system suitable for real time HRV analysis. A low cost embedded system for monitoring an ECG has been developed using operational amplifiers and a microchip‟s microcontroller. Digitized ECG has been transmitted serially to computer for real time analysis of HRV. Nonlinear energy associated with QRS complex is highest amongst the ECG beat. This feature has been utilized for QRS detection. Rest all the statistical markers for HRV are then computed with reference to the detected qrs. HRV analysis of 10 real subjects has been carried out using the embedded system. Results show that the proposed low cost embedded system is suitable for real
A Cannabinoid Anticancer Quinone, HU-331, Is More Potent and Less Cardiotoxic Than Doxorubicin: A Comparative in Vivo Study

Several quinones have been found to be effective in the treatment of some forms of cancer; however, their cumulative heart toxicity limits their use. The cannabinoid quinone HU-331 [3S,4R-p-benzoquinone-3-hydroxy-2-p-mentha-(1,8)-dien-3-yl-5-pentyl] is highly effective against tumor xenografts in nude mice. We report now a comparison of the anticancer activity of HU-331 and its cardiotoxicity with those of doxorubicin in vivo. General toxicity was assayed in Sabra, nude and SCID-NOD mice. The anticancer activity in vivo was assessed by measurement of the tumors with an external caliper in HT-29 and Raji tumor-bearing mice and by weighing the excised tumors. Left ventricular function was evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography. Myelotoxicity was evaluated by blood cell count. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) plasma levels were determined by immunoassay. HU-331 was found to be much less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin. The control and the HU-331-treated groups gained weight, whereas the doxorubicin-treated group lost weight during the study. In HT-29 colon carcinoma, the tumor weight in the HU-331-treated group was 54% smaller than in the control group and 30% smaller than in the doxorubicin-treated group. In Raji lymphoma, the tumor weight in the HU-331-treated group was 65% smaller than in the control group and 33% smaller than in the doxorubicin-treated group. In contrast to doxorubicin, HU-331 did not generate reactive oxygen species in mice hearts (measured by protein carbonylation levels and malondialdehyde levels). In vivo, HU-331 was more active and less toxic than doxorubicin and thus it has a high potential for development as a new anticancer drug.
A Personalized Recommendation Algorithm Based on the Fusion of Trust Relation and Time Series

In order to further improve the accuracy of personalized recommendation algorithm in social network, on the basis of summarizing the traditional recommendation algorithm, this paper introduces the social relationship between users, the trust propagation mechanism and time sequence information and user-item score matrix information are fused to the probability matrix decomposition model, a new personalized recommendation model TTSMF is established, the model learns the potential features of the user and the item, and consider the time factor, and handle trust relationship between users. Even if the user does not score on any item, it can also learn the user's feature vector by trusting relationship. Compared with existing algorithms, TTSMF algorithm can better solve the cold start problem and improve the accuracy of the algorithm. By analyzing the time complexity of the algorithm, the TTSMF algorithm can be easily extended to the application scenarios with large data sets.
Column generation heuristics to airline crew scheduling problem for fair working time

In this paper, the modeling and solution strategies of a practical airline crew scheduling problem are studied. The airline crew scheduling problem to achieve the equalization of working time taking into account for practical constraints such as international and domestic flights, holiday assignments, and grouping constraints is formulated as an integer programming problem. The problem is reformulated as a set partitioning problem by Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. The column generation algorithm is applied to solve the linear relaxation of the original problem. In order to improve the performance of the algorithm, a column fixing strategy with backtracking is proposed. In the proposed method, the schedule for all crews is obtained efficiently by exploiting the fixing of columns and the execution of the column generation procedure. The backtracking is introduced to find a feasible solution efficiently. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm can find better solutions than greedy-heuristics and the branch and bound procedure solving the original problem by a commercial solver.
[The psychometric characteristics of the Depression Scale of the Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos in adult Mexican women from rural areas].

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at describing the characteristics of the CES-D in a sample of 250 adult women, residents of rural areas in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Michoacán. Our factor analyses did not replicate the factor structure of the original scale, but adequately grouped the items according to their conceptual meaning. The CES-D was found to possess a high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha .92) besides being strongly correlated with the measures used to assess the scales's criterion validity. Caution is recommended when using this scale with rural women, especially when interpreting the results which should incorporate not only the total scores but also the evaluation of the presence and persistence of specific symptoms in the particular sociocultural context of the studied population.
Diethyl 4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

In the title compound, C20H22N2O4, the dihedral angle between the roughly planar dihydropyridine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.092 Å) and the benzene ring is 87.09 (6)°. One of the ethoxy side chains is disordered over two orientations in a 0.669 (14):0.331 (14) ratio. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating chains.
Drug treatment of depression in the 2000s: an overview of achievements in the last 10 years and future possibilities

During the past 10 years our knowledge about the pharmacotherapy of depression has been consolidated, and a variety of very interesting new compounds launched onto the market. The pipeline of the pharmaceutical industry is still filled with an assortment of new developments and very promising new approaches towards the pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders. Future pharmacological treatments of depression will not only enhance serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission: other systems, such as the melatonergic receptor system and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, are also the targets of newly developed and upcoming substances with putative antidepressant effects. The main advantages of the currently available newer pharmacotherapeutic options are the broadening of the spectrum of possible antidepressant treatments, which is of particular importance for the growing number of patients suffering from difficult-to-treat depression, and a far better tolerability profile in comparison to older compounds such as tricyclic antidepressants. Unresolved issues are the unacceptably high rate of non-responsiveness during antidepressant treatment, a latency of sometimes several weeks until clinical improvement and remission can be achieved, and a variety of possible side effects also present during treatment with modern compounds. This review mainly presents the development of antidepressant pharmacotherapies during the past 10 years, together with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information and a comparison of different pharmacological treatment principles evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials. In addition, new pharmacological strategies that are not yet available on the market and strategies currently under development are reviewed in detail. The study of new treatment options is of major importance to provide better strategies for the clinical management of depression in the future, and is thus also of great socio-economic importance.
GPS-based real-time identification of tire-road friction coefficient

Vehicle control systems such as collision avoidance, adaptive cruise control and automated lane-keeping systems as well as ABS and stability control systems can benefit significantly from being made “road-adaptive”. The estimation of tire-road friction coefficient at the wheels allows the control algorithm in such systems to adapt to external driving conditions. This paper develops a new tire-road friction coefficient estimation algorithm based on measurements related to the lateral dynamics of the vehicle. A lateral tire force model parameterized as a function of slip angle, friction coefficient, normal force and cornering stiffness is used. A real-time parameter identification algorithm that utilizes measurements from a differential GPS system and a gyroscope is used to identify the tire-road friction coefficient and cornering stiffness parameters of the tire. The advantage of the developed algorithm is that it does not require large longitudinal slip in order to provide reliable friction estimates. Simulation studies indicate that a parameter convergence rate of one second can be obtained. Experiments conducted on both dry and slippery road indicate that the algorithm can work very effectively in identifying a slippery road. Two other new approaches to real-time tire road friction identification system are also discussed in the paper.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Fast and accurate statistical static timing analysis

The impact of process variation has been more prominent in nano-technology, and it poses great challenge to timing analysis for digital VLSI. Traditionally, this problem is solved by using statistical static timing analysis (SSTA). However, static timing analysis may lead to an overly pessimistic estimation, as many critical paths are not true paths. In this paper, we present a fast SSTA method, in which critical path traversal is combined with false path analysis so that true critical paths can be quickly identified. Experimental results show that a significant portion of the longest paths are actually false, which implies SSTA without false path analysis usually overestimate critical path delays.
Informetric Theories and Methods for Exploring the Internet: An Analytical Survey of Recent Research Literature

The Internet, and more specifically the World Wide Web, is quickly becoming one of our main information sources. Systematic evaluation and analysis can help us understand how this medium works, grows, and changes, and how it influences our lives and research. New approaches in informetrics can provide an appropriate means towards achieving the above goals, and towards establishing a sound theory. This paper presents a selective review of research based on the Internet, using bibliometric and informetric methods and tools. Some of these studies clearly show the applicability of bibliometric laws to the Internet, while others establish new definitions and methods based on the respective definitions for printed sources. Both informetrics and Internet research can gain from these additional methods.
MIMO intensity-modulation channels: Capacity bounds and high SNR characterization

The capacity of MIMO intensity modulation channels is studied. The non-negativity of the transmit signal (intensity) poses a challenge on the precoding of the transmit signal, which limits the applicability of classical schemes in this type of channels. To resolve this issue, capacity lower bounds are developed by using precoding-free schemes. This is achieved by channel inversion or QR decomposition to convert the MIMO channel to a set of parallel channels. The achievable rate of a DC-offset SVD based scheme is also derived as a benchmark. Then, a capacity upper bound is derived and is shown to coincide with the achievable rate of the QR decomposition based scheme at high SNR, consequently characterizing the high-SNR capacity of the channel. The high-SNR gap between capacity and the achievable rates of the channel inversion and the DC-offset SVD based schemes is also characterized. Finally, the ergodic capacity of the channel is also briefly discussed.
Development in Assay Methods for in Vitro Antimalarial Drug Efficacy Testing: A Systematic Review

The emergence and spread of drug resistance are the major challenges in malaria eradication mission. Besides various strategies laid down by World Health Organization, such as vector management, source reduction, early case detection, prompt treatment, and development of new diagnostics and vaccines, nevertheless the need for new and efficacious drugs against malaria has become a critical priority on the global malaria research agenda. At several screening stages, millions of compounds are screened (1,000–2,000,000 compounds per screening campaign), before pre-clinical trials to select optimum lead. Carrying out in vitro screening of antimalarials is very difficult as different assay methods are subject to numerous sources of variability across different laboratories around the globe. Despite this, in vitro screening is an essential part of antimalarial drug development as it enables to resource various confounding factors such as host immune response and drug–drug interaction. Therefore, in this article, we try to illustrate the basic necessity behind in vitro study and how new methods are developed and subsequently adopted for high-throughput antimalarial drug screening and its application in achieving the next level of in vitro screening based on the current approaches (such as stem cells).
Die spezifische Drehung des Sorbits und des Sorbit‐Molybdat‐Komplexes

The Specific Rotation of Sorbitol and of the Sorbitol Molybdate Complex. 1 The specific rotation of the hexite at 365, 405, 436, 546 and 578 nm has been determined in solutions of different concentration with a commercial sorbitol preparation as well as with a self-produced sorbitol. Contents of both preparations had been determined enzymatically and by means of periodate. The specific rotation [α]D was obtained mathematically from these data as well as by graphic extrapolation. 2 Conditions, under which the sorbitol molybdate complex shows its maximum of specific rotation were defined by systematic experiments at varying sorbitol, molybdate and hydrogen-ion concentration. 3) From these results a diagram was set up, which shows the molybdate and acid doses in order to determine sorbitol polarimetrically in the widest possible range. 4) The specific rotation of the sorbitol molybdate complex was determined at the same wavelengths as that of the sorbitol. It was also mathematically and graphically extrapolated for [α]D.
Development of a performance-rating scale for a nutrition knowledge test developed for adolescents

Abstract Objective The objectives of the present study were to (i) develop and validate a norm-referenced performance-rating scale to interpret a nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents and (ii) develop a prototype for other researchers to follow when developing nutrition knowledge tests. Design For norm development the nutrition knowledge test (questionnaire) was administered to a sample representative of the questionnaire target group, referred to as the norm group. These included 512 adolescents in grades 8 (n 158), 10 (n 149) and 12 (n 205) at three randomly selected schools in Soweto and Johannesburg. The performance scores (in percentages) obtained by the norm group were transformed to Z-scores which were categorised into stanines using established Z-score cut-off points. For validation purposes the questionnaire was completed by 148 volunteers: sixty university dietetics students, nineteen non-nutrition university students and sixty-nine primary-school teachers. Results As required of an ideal norm group, the Z-scores formed a normal distribution (a bell-shaped curve). To facilitate interpretation of the results, the Z-score cut-off points for these categories were transformed back to performance scores (percentages) so that the performance of a testee could be interpreted directly from his/her performance in percentage. As is recommended, the nine stanine categories were reduced to five: very poor, fair/below average, good/average, very good/above average and excellent. The discriminatory validity of the norms was substantiated by showing that groups with known nutrition knowledge levels were rated appropriately and that the performance ratings of these groups differed significantly, with university dietetics students scoring 98·3 %, primary-school teachers 20·3 % and non-nutrition university students 31·6 %. Conclusions The norm-referenced performance-rating scale can be used with confidence to interpret the performance score achieved by a testee on the nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents in South Africa. The methodology used in the study serves as a prototype for other researchers who are developing knowledge tests.
Path planning for a quadruped robot: an artificial field approach

In this paper, we consider the problem of planning a feasible path for a quadruped walking robot in an environment of obstacles. In conventional path-planning problems, the main focus is merely collision avoidance with obstacles since a wheeled robot is involved. However, in the case of a legged robot, both collision avoidance and crossing over obstacles must be taken into account in the process of path planning. Furthermore, the constraints of the gait should be considered to guarantee the feasibility of a planned path. To resolve this complicated problem in a systematic way, a new concept of an artificial thermal field is proposed. Specifically, with the assumption that a robot walks with a periodic crab gait, a robot and obstacles in a three-dimensional (3D) space are projected on a 2D plane. Next, the 2D obstacles are transformed into the configuration space of a quadruped robot. A feasible path is finally sought in an artificial thermal field which is constructed numerically on the discretized configuration space. To verify the efficacy of the proposed approach, three notable simulation results are provided.
Epidemiology of Invasive Mycoses in North America

The incidence of invasive mycoses is increasing, especially among patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Such infections may be broken into two broad categories: opportunistic and endemic. The most important agents of the opportunistic mycoses are Candida spp. , Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Aspergillus spp. (although the list of potential pathogens is ever expanding); while the most commonly encountered endemic mycoses are due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. This review discusses the epidemiologic profiles of these invasive mycoses in North America, as well as risk factors for infection, and the pathogens’ antifungal susceptibility.
Associations between serotonin transporter polymorphisms and cognitive processing applying the Emo 1-back task

Down regulation of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) expression has been associated with brain function and major depression. The aim of this study was to explore the allelic variation (short and long) of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in attention bias associated with top-down processing of emotion. One hundred sixty-two healthy participants underwent genotyping (5-HTTLPR), background interviews, psychological screening, and a computerised test session (The Emo 1-back task). Carriers of the short 5-HTTLPR alleles in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) demonstrated less accuracy in The Emo 1-back task when presented with successive images of sad or fearful faces, but not for happy or neutral emotional faces. The study suggests an association between 5-HTTLPR variation in the serotonin transporter gene and altered emotion processing.
Glycemic risk factors of diabetic vascular complications: the role of glycemic variability

Achieving adequate targets relatively to all risk factors is considered a standard of care for patients with diabetes mellitus. To date, current guidelines underline the importance of the ‘glucose triad’ (post‐prandial glucose, fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin) as the three glycemic factors that should be controlled in diabetes care; however, several literature data show that optimizing glycemic control needs achieving a control of glycemic variations. The objective of the present work is reviewing biological and clinical data supporting the role of glycemic variability, its measurement and relationship with the three other well‐known glycemic risk factors and evidencing the areas that need further investigation. At last, we propose a simple model that summarizes the ‘glucose triad’ plus the ‘new’ risk factor glycemic variability (the ‘Pyramid of the Risk’). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.