Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milestones in the Observations of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from analysis of rotation measures of extragalactic radio sources and pulsars, which can be used to construct the 3-D magnetic field structure in the Galactic halo and Galactic disk. Radio synchrotron spurs in the Galactic center show a poloidal field, and the polarization mapping of dust emission and Zeeman observation in the central molecular zone reveal a toroidal magnetic field parallel to the Galactic plane. For nearby galaxies, both optical polarization and multifrequency radio polarization data clearly show the large-scale magnetic field following the spiral arms or dust lanes. For more distant objects, radio polarization is the only approach available to show the magnetic fields in the jets or lobes of radio galaxies or quasars. Clusters of galaxies also contain widely distributed magnetic fields, which are reflected by radio halos or the RM distribution of background objects. The intergalactic space could have been magnetized by outflows or galactic superwinds even in the early universe. The Zeeman effect and polarization of sub-mm and mm emission can be used for the study of magnetic fields in some Galactic molecular clouds but it is observed only at high intensity. Both approaches together can clearly show the role that magnetic fields play in star formation and cloud structure, which in principle would be analogous to galaxy formation from protogalactic clouds. The origin of the cosmic magnetic fields is an active field of research. A primordial magnetic field has not been as yet directly detected, but its existence must be considered to give the seed field necessary for many amplification processes that have been developed. Possibly, the magnetic fields were generated in protogalactic plasma clouds by the dynamo process, and maintained again by the dynamo after galaxies were formed.
Binding and Release of Factor VIII/von Willebrand's Factor by Human Endothelial Cells

The uptake and release of factor VIII/von Willebrand's protein by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells have been examined using highly purified 125I‐factor VIII poswssing von Willebrand's factor activity. 125I‐factor VIII/vWF was taken up by the cells, reaching maximum binding within 4 h with a tl‐2 of binding of 15 min. Endothelial cell binding of 125I‐factor VIII/vWF reached saturation at a concentration of 1.5 mg/l. Binding was inhibited by coincubation of excess unlabelled factor VIII/vWF. Most of the cell‐associated radioactivity was released by treatment of the cells with trypsin. Internalization of bound protein was evidenced by the incorporation into the cells of radioactivity which could not be released by trypsin. Human vascular smooth muscle cells did not bind 125I‐factor VIII/vWF. Addition of 0.1 μm epinephrine to the 125I‐factor VIII/vWF labelled endothelial cultures induced the release of cell bound, protein‐associated radioactivity into the medium. Propranolol inhibited completely epinephrine‐induced release, whereas phenylephrine had no effect.
A Multi-Channel IEEE 1609.4 and 802.11p EDCA Model for the Veins Framework

Increasing the realism and thereby the explanatory power of Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) simulation is an ongoing research topic in the Car-2-X community. We contribute to this trend by extending the well-established Veins Framework for the OMNeT++ simulator by a multi-channel simulation model for IEEE 1609.4/802.11p enabling simulative studies to fully capture the distinctive properties of the envisioned radio technology. With this effort we help overcome the problem of using general or adjusted MAC/PHY models which could be shown to produce deviating results and thus decrease the validity of IVC simulations.
Semantic Relatedness Measures in E-learning: A study

paper, a detailed study of works that have been carried out in finding the semantic relatedness or relatedness (in short) of Learning Objects (LO) in the context of E-learning has been presented. Learning Objects are small instructional chunks of learning elements which can be archived, extracted and shared in the learning process. Semantic relatedness in general specifies the degree of relatedness between two concepts in a taxonomy computed using different types of relations defined between the concepts. Semantic relatedness measures have been used in applications like Word sense Disambiguation, Information Retrieval, Natural Language Processing, Query Expansion etc. In the context of E-learning, there are several scenarios like learning object sequencing, query answering, scaffolding, clustering etc. where the computation of semantic relatedness between LO has promising scope. But only few works have been carried out in the quantification of semantic relatedness between LO. The objective of this paper is to present the existing semantic relatedness measures in general and with respect to learning object in specific and to analyze the adeptness of the measures. Keywords-learning, Learning Objects, Semantic Relatedness Measures
On the Adversarial Robustness of Subspace Learning

In this paper, we investigate the adversarial robustness of subspace learning problems. Different from the scenario addressed by classic robust algorithms that assume fractions of data are corrupted, we consider a more powerful adversary who can observe the whole data and modify all of them. The goal of the adversary is to maximize the distance between the subspace learned from the original data set and that learned from the modified data. We characterize the optimal rank-one attack strategy and show that the optimal strategy depends on the smallest singular value of the original data matrix and the adversary’s energy budget.
Author ' s personal copy PERFORMING HERITAGE : RETHINKING AUTHENTICITY IN TOURISM

This paper explores how the dongba as the ritual practitioner perceives his authenticity during the marriage ceremony in the Naxi Wedding Courtyard in Lijiang, China. Through the dongba’s life story, the paper indicates that, the power of his making judgment is not entirely related to the toured objects, socially constructed reality or the existential feeling, but also has to do with what happens in between. The ritual performance, integrated with the external world, gives rise to the performative experience of the authenticity and offers a deep understanding of the link between memory, habitus and embodied practice. The dynamic process of ‘‘becoming’’ authentic weaves the interaction between the individual agency and the reality.
Specific Dietary Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice by Alleviating Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction

Objective—Animal and clinical studies have suggested that polyphenols in fruits, red wine, and tea may delay the development of atherosclerosis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether individual dietary polyphenols representing different polyphenolic classes, namely quercetin (flavonol), (−)-epicatechin (flavan-3-ol), theaflavin (dimeric catechin), sesamin (lignan), or chlorogenic acid (phenolic acid), reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− gene–knockout mouse. Methods and Results—Quercetin and theaflavin (64-mg/kg body mass daily) significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic sinus and thoracic aorta (P<0.05 versus ApoE−/− control mice). Quercetin significantly reduced aortic F2-isoprostane, vascular superoxide, vascular leukotriene B4, and plasma-sP-selectin concentrations; and augmented vascular endothelial NO synthase activity, heme oxygenase-1 protein, and urinary nitrate excretion (P<0.05 versus control ApoE−/− mice). Theaflavin showed similar, although less extensive, significant effects. Although (−)-epicatechin significantly reduced F2-isoprostane, superoxide, and endothelin-1 production (P<0.05 versus control ApoE−/− mice), it had no significant effect on lesion size. Sesamin and chlorogenic acid treatments exerted no significant effects. Quercetin, but not (−)-epicatechin, significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in lesions versus ApoE−/− controls. Conclusion—Specific dietary polyphenols, in particular quercetin and theaflavin, may attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− gene–knockout mice by alleviating inflammation, improving NO bioavailability, and inducing heme oxygenase-1. These data suggest that the cardiovascular protection associated with diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and some beverages may in part be the result of flavonoids, such as quercetin.
Ethnocultural differences in prevalence of adolescent suicidal behaviors.

Data from an ethnically diverse sample of middle school students (grades 6-8; n = 5,423) are analyzed for ethnic differences in suicidal ideation, thoughts about suicide in the past 2 weeks, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. Ideation was examined using a four-item scale and a single item on suicidal thoughts. Ideation was higher among females, older youths, and lower status youths. The same general pattern held for recent suicidal plans and attempts, with the exception of gender, where the trend was for males to report more attempts. Lifetime plans and attempts were higher for females, older youths, and lower status youths. Data were sufficient to compare nine ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status, yielded significant odds ratios using the Anglo groups as the reference, for suicidal ideation for the Mexican (OR = 1.76, p < .001), Pakistani (OR = 2.0, p < .01), and Vietnamese (OR = 1.48, p < .05) American groups. For thoughts about suicide in the past 2 weeks, only Pakistani and Mixed Ancestry youths had elevated risk. For suicidal plans in the past 2 weeks, Mixed Ancestry youths (OR = 2.02, p < .05) and Pakistani youths (OR = 3.20, p < .01) had elevated risk. For recent attempts, only the Pakistani American youths had elevated risk (OR = 3.19, p < .01). Future research needs to address whether these results hold in other ethnically diverse communities and, if so, what factors contribute to increased risk among some minority youth and not others.
Keragaman Nukleotida Ruas Ekson 8 Gen Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) pada Sapi Madura

AURORA FATHYAA. Variation of Exon 8 of Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) on Madura cattle. Supervised by ACHMAD FARAJALLAH and DYAH PERWITASARI. Madura cattle is one of native cattles in Indonesia. It originated from the crosses of bull (Bos javanicus) and indian cattle (Bos indicus). Branched Chain α-ketoacid Dehydrogenase (BCKD) is one of complex enzymes bound to mitochondrial inner membrane that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of branched chain amino acids to α-keto. Mutation in enzyme’s subunit could affect the efficiency of the enzyme, such as subunit E1-α which is encoded by BCKDHA gene. This research aimed to analyze the variability of exon 8 of BCKDHA gene on madura cattle. Analysis was performed using 10 DNA samples from madura cattle, 1 DNA sample from ongole descendent cattle, and 1 DNA sample from bali cattle. Nucleotides sequencing was using big dye terminator method. Variation were found in 7 of 12 DNA samples. Variant in nucleotide number 19093 of exon 8 caused the changes of Arginine to Cysteine.
Scene-Adaptive Off-Road Detection Using a Monocular Camera

This paper studies vision-based road detection for a robot’s path following in off-road environments. We define the problem as detecting the region in front of the robot that is mechanically traversable (i.e., mechanical traversability), that is apt to be chosen by a human to drive through (i.e., human selection), and that extends for a distance to show the road’s direction, shape, or even network of the intersection ahead (i.e., far-field capability). An algorithm framework is designed that contains two parts: inference and learning. In inference, the problem is formulated as a consecutive road type classification and road region segmentation to address the diversity of terrain surfaces. In model learning, the robot is first driven by a human being, with image samples on the track of the robot being collected that meet the prerequisites of both mechanical traversability and human selection. Evaluation measures are defined to examine the three requirements of mechanical traversability, human selection, and far-field capability. The performances of the above aspects are demonstrated on a data set using LiDAR, track and manual references, which will be released together with this publication.
Ieee Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing O N T H E Classification of Mental Tasks: a Performance Comparison of Neural a N D Statistical Approaches

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals represent an important class of biological signals whose behavior can be used to diagnose anomalies in brain activity. The goal of this paper is to find a concise representation of EEG data, corresponding t o 5 mental tasks performed by different individuals, for classification purposes. For that, we propose the use of Welch's periodogram as a powerful feature extractor and compare the performance of SOM-and MLP-based neural classifiers with that of standard Bayes optimal classifier. The results show that the Welch's periodogram allow all classifiers to achieve higher classification rates (73%-100%) than those presented so far in the literature (2 71%). The EEG signal is a useful tool in medical clinic and research. For instance, it can be used t.o determine the global activity of the cerebral cortex and. t o some extent, to locate abnormal activity in relatively small cortical areas. It also serves as an important auxiliary source of information for the diagnosis of sleep disturbances and epilepsy. and to differentiate bet,ween coma and brain death 191. In engineering-oriented scenarios, EEG signals are used for the classification of mental tasks performed by subjects 13, 2, 121 and the design of man-machine interfaces (11, 1'21. For a suitable utilization by the aforementioned applications, it is worth having a good representation of EEG data, which have been obtained. for example, by principal component analysis [15]-autoregressive (AR) models 121. wavelet transform 141 and power spectral densit,y (PSD) analysis 112: 71. All of thein have provided acceptable results in extracting and classifying different patterns from EEG signals. However, especially for the discrimination of several mental tasks, the classification rates are not satisfactory. This is mainly due to the noisy and
Embedded Capacitive Proximity and Touch Sensing Flexible Circuit System for Electronic Textile and Wearable Systems

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are an emerging technology comprised of electronic circuit systems embedded into the fabric using traditional textile techniques such as knitting and weaving. Such systems can be formed using off-the-shelf passive components and integrated circuits (ICs) available commercially. An e-textile switching mechanism can be provided by proximity and touch sensing input behavior from a human hand to switch circuits, for example, turning on an LED for visual verification of successful switching. Challenges to be overcome to achieve reliable systems include optimized circuit sampling rate, detection sensitivity, and sensing electrode dimensions when operating among textile fibers. This paper presents the development of a proximity and touch sensing e-textile flexible circuit system using a commercial capacitive detection chip PCF8883US by an NXP Semiconductor. Experiments determine the necessary sensitivity and sampling rate values for this chip to detect through fabric for its optimum capacitance performance value of 20 pF. This paper further details the fabrication of this $150~\mu \text{m}$ track width, $3.0~\text{mm}\times35.0~\text{mm}$ dimension flexible, copper-polyimide capacitive sensing circuit with a 0.0403 mm thick, 20:1 PDMS aqueous-resistant layer and its integration into two e-textile systems–a knitted textile yarn and woven textile fabric. Experiments revealed that when an electrode is strip-shaped for e-textile applications, its width is more influential than electrode length in enabling capacitive dual-functionality proximity and touch sensing. A square-shaped electrode offers a 58.3% increase in nominal proximity detection distance compared with multiple electrodes arranged in the same area.
Performance Guarantees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach

The Internet is undergoing substantial changes from a communication and browsing infrastructure to a medium for conducting business and marketing a myriad of services. The World Wide Web provides a uniform and widely-accepted application interface used by these services to reach multitudes of clients. These changes place the Web server at the center of a gradually emerging e-service infrastructure with increasing requirements for service quality and reliability guarantees in an unpredictable and highly-dynamic environment. This paper describes performance control of a Web server using classical feedback control theory. We use feedback control theory to achieve overload protection, performance guarantees, and service differentiation in the presence of load unpredictability. We show that feedback control theory offers a promising analytic foundation for providing service differentiation and performance guarantees. We demonstrate how a general Web server may be modeled for purposes of performance control, present the equivalents of sensors and actuators, formulate a simple feedback loop, describe how it can leverage on real-time scheduling and feedback-control theories to achieve per-class response-time and throughput guarantees, and evaluate the efficacy of the scheme on an experimental testbed using the most popular Web server, Apache. Experimental results indicate that control-theoretic techniques offer a sound way of achieving desired performance in performance-critical Internet applications. Our QoS (Quality-of-Service) management solutions can be implemented either in middleware that is transparent to the server, or as a library called by server code.
Robust Controller Design for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

This paper presents a robust sliding mode control technique applied to an autonomous underwater vehicle. The sliding mode control is one of the most common nonlinear feedback controller design based on the Lyapunov analysis. Two common decoupled subsystems of an autonomous underwater vehicle are detailed. The role of the sliding mode control for the decoupled systems is to drive the system towards the designed slide surface and keep it on it. Therefore it is able to improve a capability to track the desired state of the proposed autonomous underwater model. Simulations of the heading and depth controls are demonstrated in this paper. The results have shown that the sliding mode control is able to provide accurate control for the system with small steady state errors.
Maxillary Ameloblastoma with Orbital Involvement: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review

Purpose: To describe 8 patients with orbital involvement by ameloblastoma and to review the literature on this topic. Methods: The electronic medical records and pathology databases of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were searched to identify all patients with histopathologically confirmed ameloblastoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2015. PubMed database was searched for all well-documented cases of maxillary ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma ex-ameloblastoma with orbital involvement published in the English literature. The information collected on the compiled 23 patients included age, sex, clinical presentation, imaging findings, management, tumor histopathologic features, and follow up. Results: Review of medical records identified 8 patients with orbital involvement by ameloblastoma. Literature search yielded 15 patients with well-documented orbital involvement by ameloblastoma. Most tumors occurred in men (19 of 23, M:F = 4–5:1) with an average age of 56 years. The overall rates of recurrence, visual compromise, death, and confirmed disease-related mortality were 70% (16/23), 26% (6/23), 39% (9/23), and 22% (5/23), respectively. The initial surgical approach correlated with prognosis. The rates of recurrence, orbital exenteration, and mortality in the cohort managed with conservative surgery or partial maxillectomy were 57% (8/14), 29% (4/14), and 50% (7/14), respectively. In contrast, the patients initially managed with a radical resection had substantially lower frequencies of tumor recurrence (2/7, 29%), exenteration (1/7, 14%), and death (1/7, 14%). Malignant transformation to ameloblastic carcinoma occurred in the setting of recurrent disease in 3 patients and in 1 patient with prolonged duration of symptoms, suggestive of a long-standing tumor. Conclusions: Maxillary ameloblastoma can rarely involve the orbit, leading to significant ocular morbidity and occasional mortality. Prompt radical resection of the tumor has the potential to decrease the likelihood of recurrence and visual compromise, and can improve survival.
Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative

Data are reported on the background and performance of the K6 screening scale for serious mental illness (SMI) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. The K6 is a six‐item scale developed to provide a brief valid screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM‐IV) SMI based on the criteria in the US ADAMHA Reorganization Act. Although methodological studies have documented good K6 validity in a number of countries, optimal scoring rules have never been proposed. Such rules are presented here based on analysis of K6 data in nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys in 14 countries (combined N = 41,770 respondents). Twelve‐month prevalence of DSM‐IV SMI was assessed with the fully‐structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Nested logistic regression analysis was used to generate estimates of the predicted probability of SMI for each respondent from K6 scores, taking into consideration the possibility of variable concordance as a function of respondent age, gender, education, and country. Concordance, assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was generally substantial (median 0.83; range 0.76–0.89; inter‐quartile range 0.81–0.85). Based on this result, optimal scaling rules are presented for use by investigators working with the K6 scale in the countries studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.