Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometry of Compact Tubes and Protein Structures

Proteins form a very important class of polymers. In spite of major advances in the understanding of polymer science, the protein problem has remained largely unsolved. Here, we show that a polymer chain viewed as a tube not only captures the well-known characteristics of polymers and their phases, but also provides a natural explanation for many of the key features of protein behavior. There are two natural length scales associated with a tube subject to compaction – the thickness of the tube and the range of the attractive interactions. For short tubes, when these length scales become comparable, one obtains marginally compact structures, which are relatively few in number compared to those in the generic compact phase of polymers. The motifs associated with the structures in this new phase include helices, hairpins and sheets. We suggest that Nature has selected this phase for the structures of proteins because of its many advantages, including the few candidate structures, the ability to squeeze water out from the hydrophobic core and the flexibility and versatility associated with being marginally compact. Our results provide a framework for understanding the common features of all proteins.
Construction of Unitary Space-Time constellations in the interleaving sight

Unitary space-time modulation (USTM) is ideally suited for rapid fading scenarios, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver have the channel state information (CSI). However, it has received limited attention compared with the space-time coding schemes that need CSI. An important reason for that is USTM needs too large calculation amount when meeting with a large size constellation. We propose a size-reduced method for unitary space-time constellations in the sight of interleaving. Resorting to the UST (Unitary Space-Time) symbol-wise interleaving, we give a pseudo-random fading effect to the transmitted signals for the receiver to meet the channel requirement in theory. Simulation results show that compared with existing almost unachievable schemes, our method can greatly reduce the complexity of calculation only with a slight penalty in theory.
Ultra-processed foods and the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the module on individual food consumption from the 2008-2009 Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF – Brazilian Family Budgets Survey). The sample, which represented the section of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or over, involved 32,898 individuals. Food consumption was evaluated by two 24-hour food records. The consumed food items were classified into three groups: natural or minimally processed, including culinary preparations with these foods used as a base; processed; and ultra-processed. RESULTS The average daily energy consumption per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% being provided by natural or minimally processed foods, 9.0% by processed foods and 21.5% by ultra-processed food. The nutritional profile of the fraction of ultra-processed food consumption showed higher energy density, higher overall fat content, higher saturated and trans fat, higher levels of free sugar and less fiber, protein, sodium and potassium, when compared to the fraction of consumption related to natural or minimally processed foods. Ultra-processed foods presented generally unfavorable characteristics when compared to processed foods. Greater inclusion of ultra-processed foods in the diet resulted in a general deterioration in the dietary nutritional profile. The indicators of the nutritional dietary profile of Brazilians who consumed less ultra-processed foods, with the exception of sodium, are the stratum of the population closer to international recommendations for a healthy diet. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study highlight the damage to health that is arising based on the observed trend in Brazil of replacing traditional meals, based on natural or minimally processed foods, with ultra-processed foods. These results also support the recommendation of avoiding the consumption of these kinds of foods.
Music, aggression and vicarious release : interrogating the possibility of a relationship between music and aggressive behaviour

Music, Music is considered to be one of the most engaging and emotive human experiences. It is believed that early music training can develop areas in the brain which are associated with reasoning and learning (Rauscher & Shaw, 1993). A number of studies also suggest that music influences behaviour. For example, Anderson and Bushman (2002) hold that exposure to violent song-texts and aggressive musical tones create aggressive personalities. On the other hand, such musical forms have also been associated with “vicarious release”, that is, the depletion of anger through listening or creating music (Arnett, 1991). Taking the above into account, this study aims at exploring whether there is a link between music and aggressive behaviour. It takes a look at how emotions such as anger, anxiety and angst can motivate music producers to write their own music which will ultimately promote their personal feelings. Moreover it observes how listening to different genres of music help in achieving a certain state of being. It explores the lifestyles related to these genres and how negative emotions such as anger or aggression are released through these styles of music. A qualitative research approach, employing face-to-face semi-structured interviews was used for this study. This helped to achieve valuable data from the eleven research participants who were interviewed. Some of the results achieved sustained the literature whereas others contradicted it. For example, it was revealed that participants with a preference for heavy metal (a musical form associated with aggression, anti-social behaviour and even poor academic performance as claimed by Rubin, West and Mitchell 2001) do not feel isolated from society and perceive their preferred musical genre as creating bonds of brotherhood and friendship and impacting their lives positively. On a more general level, all the research participants claimed that music has a cathartic effect in their lives and helps to express a variety of emotions, including anger (often in a controlled way) and sadness. Participants claimed to listen to music that reflects their moods and which helps them to cope with life‟s challenges and situations they are being confronted with.
An efficient digital signature using self-certified public keys

In this paper, we first analyse the notion of self-certified public keys, which was first introduced by Girault [5], and then we extend it. After that, we will adopt the extended concept to propose a new signature scheme. The proposed scheme has a property that the signer's public key can simultaneously be authenticated in verifying the signature. Compared to earlier self-certified signature schemes, our scheme is more efficient and provable secure.
Fostering Dialogical Interaction: The Radical Side of Self-generated Dramatic Arts Activities

Abstract Inspired by bell hooks' term ‘radical openness’, I describe and discuss the processes I observed and participated in a community-based youth theater program in a large urban center in the United States. Through the use of self-generated dramatic arts activities, radical openness or a ‘dialogue between comrades’ developed in this setting. The setting described is a manifestation of Bakhtin's notion of dialogical interaction, i.e., of coming to know the world through interaction with others and of his aesthetic theory and how art informs life. The self-generated dramatic arts activities allowed participants to engage in ‘radical revisions’ of their perceptions of themselves as writers, readers, thinkers and actors in the world.
Effects of Reduced Terrestrial LiDAR Point Density on High-Resolution Grain Crop Surface Models in Precision Agriculture

3D geodata play an increasingly important role in precision agriculture, e.g., for modeling in-field variations of grain crop features such as height or biomass. A common data capturing method is LiDAR, which often requires expensive equipment and produces large datasets. This study contributes to the improvement of 3D geodata capturing efficiency by assessing the effect of reduced scanning resolution on crop surface models (CSMs). The analysis is based on high-end LiDAR point clouds of grain crop fields of different varieties (rye and wheat) and nitrogen fertilization stages (100%, 50%, 10%). Lower scanning resolutions are simulated by keeping every n-th laser beam with increasing step widths n. For each iteration step, high-resolution CSMs (0.01 m2 cells) are derived and assessed regarding their coverage relative to a seamless CSM derived from the original point cloud, standard deviation of elevation and mean elevation. Reducing the resolution to, e.g., 25% still leads to a coverage of >90% and a mean CSM elevation of >96% of measured crop height. CSM types (maximum elevation or 90th-percentile elevation) react differently to reduced scanning resolutions in different crops (variety, density). The results can help to assess the trade-off between CSM quality and minimum requirements regarding equipment and capturing set-up.
Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Asymmetric Coupled-Line for WLAN and X-Band Military Satellite

This paper presents a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna that rejects narrow and broad bands and is suitable for wireless communications. The base of the proposed antenna has a circular patch that can cover the UWB frequency range (3.1～10.6 GHz). The interference issues caused by co-existence within the UWB operation frequency are overcome by a design that uses a parallel-coupled asymmetric dual-line with a circular monopole antenna. The proposed antenna showed a stable radiation pattern, realized gain and reflection coefficient lower than —10 dB across the UWB operation bandwidth except for 5.15～5.85 GHz and 7.25～8.4 GHz. The fabrication, simulation, and measurement results obtained for the proposed antenna were in good agreement with the expected values.
Demand assignment: a DEA and goal programming approach

Assignment problem has always been a popular problem for production and operations research. There have been developed many methods and heuristics for these kinds of problems. This research deals with the problem of an automotive company's driver belt assembly supply from its by-industry suppliers. Firstly, the suppliers are evaluated by data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical modelling approach finding the relative efficiencies of the decision making units (DMUs). Later on, the suppliers that are found inefficient are eliminated and only the efficient suppliers are included for the assignment problem. Preemptive goal programming (PGP) is applied for the assignment of demand in order to satisfy the goals and the demand of the company by taking into account the priorities given by the company.
Drawing Contour Trees in the Plane

The contour tree compactly describes scalar field topology. From the viewpoint of graph drawing, it is a tree with attributes at vertices and optionally on edges. Standard tree drawing algorithms emphasize structural properties of the tree and neglect the attributes. Applying known techniques to convey this information proves hard and sometimes even impossible. We present several adaptions of popular graph drawing approaches to the problem of contour tree drawing and evaluate them. We identify five esthetic criteria for drawing contour trees and present a novel algorithm for drawing contour trees in the plane that satisfies four of these criteria. Our implementation is fast and effective for contour tree sizes usually used in interactive systems (around 100 branches) and also produces readable pictures for larger trees, as is shown for an 800 branch example.
Single‐nucleotide substitution T to A in the polypyrimidine stretch at the splice acceptor site of intron 9 causes exon 10 skipping in the ACAT1 gene

β‐ketothiolase (T2, gene symbol ACAT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, affecting isoleucine and ketone body metabolism. We encountered a patient (GK03) with T2 deficiency whose T2 mRNA level was <10% of the control, but in whom a previous routine cDNA analysis had failed to find any mutations. Genomic PCR‐direct sequencing showed homozygosity for c.941‐9T>A in the polypyrimidine stretch at the splice acceptor site of intron 9 of ACAT1. Initially, we regarded this variant as not being disease‐causing by a method of predicting the effect of splicing using in silico tools. However, based on other findings of exon 10 splicing, we eventually hypothesized that this mutation causes exon 10 skipping.
Apixaban vs. warfarin with concomitant aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial.

AIMS We assessed the effect of concomitant aspirin use on the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS In ARISTOTLE, 18 201 patients were randomized to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin. Concomitant aspirin use was left to the discretion of the treating physician. In this predefined analysis, simple and marginal structured models were used to adjust for baseline and time-dependent confounders associated with aspirin use. Outcome measures included stroke or systemic embolism, ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, mortality, major bleeding, haemorrhagic stroke, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and any bleeding. On Day 1, 4434 (24%) patients were taking aspirin. Irrespective of concomitant aspirin use, apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism [with aspirin: apixaban 1.12% vs. warfarin 1.91%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.85 vs. without aspirin: apixaban 1.11% vs. warfarin 1.32%, HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.66-1.07; P interaction = 0.10] and caused less major bleeding than warfarin (with aspirin: apixaban 3.10% vs. warfarin 3.92%, HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.99 vs. without aspirin: apixaban 1.82% vs. warfarin 2.78%, HR without aspirin 0.65, 95% CI 0.55-0.78; P interaction = 0.29). Similar results were seen in the subgroups of patients with and without arterial vascular disease. CONCLUSION Apixaban had similar beneficial effects on stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding compared with warfarin, irrespective of concomitant aspirin use.
Hedgehog Is a Positive Regulator of FGF Signalling during Embryonic Tracheal Cell Migration

Cell migration is a widespread and complex process that is crucial for morphogenesis and for the underlying invasion and metastasis of human cancers. During migration, cells are steered toward target sites by guidance molecules that induce cell direction and movement through complex intracellular mechanisms. The spatio-temporal regulation of the expression of these guidance molecules is of extreme importance for both normal morphogenesis and human disease. One way to achieve this precise regulation is by combinatorial inputs of different transcription factors. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster mutants with migration defects in the ganglionic branches of the tracheal system to further clarify guidance regulation during cell migration. By studying the cellular consequences of overactivated Hh signalling, using ptc mutants, we found that Hh positively regulates Bnl/FGF levels during embryonic stages. Our results show that Hh modulates cell migration non-autonomously in the tissues surrounding the action of its activity. We further demonstrate that the Hh signalling pathway regulates bnl expression via Stripe (Sr), a zinc-finger transcription factor with homology to the Early Growth Response (EGR) family of vertebrate transcription factors. We propose that Hh modulates embryonic cell migration by participating in the spatio-temporal regulation of bnl expression in a permissive mode. By doing so, we provide a molecular link between the activation of Hh signalling and increased chemotactic responses during cell migration.
Current Challenges, New Developments, and Future Directions in Scale Construction

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Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of women living in Mexico City.

OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility and validity of a 116 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), designed to assess the relation between dietary intake and chronic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test the reproducibility of the FFQ questionnaire, the FFQ was administered twice to 134 women residing in Mexico City at an interval of approximately one year; to assess the validity we compared results obtained by the FFQs with those obtained by four 4-day 24-hour recalls at three month intervals. Validity and reproducibility were evaluated using regression analysis and Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients of log-e and calorie-adjusted nutrient scores. RESULTS Mean values for intake of most nutrients assessed by the two food frequency questionnaires were similar. However, means for the 24-hr recall were significantly lower. Intraclass correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes, assessed by questionnaires, administered one year apart, ranged from 0.38 for cholesterol to 0.54 for crude fiber. Correlation coefficients between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, measured by diet recalls, and the first FFQ ranged from 0.12 for polyunsaturated fatty acids to 0.67 for saturated fatty acids. Regression coefficients between 24-hr recall and FFQ,s were all significant were significant for all nutrients, except for polyunsaturated fat, folic acid, vitamin E and Zinc. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that this semi-quantitative FFQ is reproducible and provides a useful estimate by which to categorize individuals by level of past nutrient intake. However, its application outside Mexico City or in different age and gender populations will require additional modifications and validation efforts.
Power Quality Improvement and LVRT Capability Enhancement of Wind Farms by Means of an Inductive Filtering Method

Unlike the traditional method for power quality improvement and low-voltage ride through (LVRT) capability enhancement of wind farms, this paper proposes a new wind power integrated system by means of an inductive filtering method, especially if it contains a grid-connected transformer, a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and fully-tuned (FT) branches. First, the main circuit topology of the new wind power integrated system is presented. Then, the mathematical model is established to reveal the mechanism of harmonic suppression and the reactive compensation of the proposed wind power integrated system, and then the realization conditions of the inductive filtering method is obtained. Further, the control strategy of STATCOM is introduced. Based on the measured data for a real wind farm, the simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed new wind power integrated system. The results indicate that the new system can not only enhance the LVRT capability of wind farms, but also prevent harmonic components flowing into the primary (grid) winding of the grid-connected transformer. Moreover, since the new method can compensate for reactive power in a wind farm, the power factor at the grid side can be improved effectively.
Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within Highly Stretchable Elastomers

A new method, embedded-3D printing (e-3DP), is reported for fabricating strain sensors within highly conformal and extensible elastomeric matrices. e-3DP allows soft sensors to be created in nearly arbitrary planar and 3D motifs in a highly programmable and seamless manner. Several embodiments are demonstrated and sensor performance is characterized.
Issues for Web Structural Delta Mining

Web structure mining has been a well-researched area during recent years. However, we observed that data on the web is changing at any time in any way, even though there are some incremental data mining algorithms that are proposed to update the mining results with the corresponding changes, none of the existing web structure mining techniques is able to extract useful and hidden knowledge from the sequence of historical web structural changes. In this paper, we proposed a novel research area of web structure mining named web structural delta mining. The distinct feature of our research is that our mining object is the sequence of historical changes of web structure (Web Structural Deltas). For web structural delta mining, we aim to extract useful, interesting, and novel web structures and knowledge considering their historical, dynamic, and temporal properties. We proposed three major issues of web structural delta mining, identify useful and interesting structures, extract association from changes of web structure, and cluster web structure based on patterns of changes. Also, the challenges of web structural delta mining corresponding to different issues are discussed in this