Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disturbance Rejection in UAV's velocity and attitude control: Problems and solutions

For the high nonlinearity and coupling of the model of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the control of velocity and attitude (i.e. pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle) under various disturbances (e.g. wind disturbances) has been a challenging research all along. In this paper, we confirm that under some simplifications the throttle-velocity subsystem is of first-order, the elevator-pitch angle subsystem, the aileron-roll angle subsystem, and the rudder-yaw angle subsystem are of second-order respectively. Then, suitable controllers are designed based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control for UAVs to maintain the velocity and attitude in various wind turbulence conditions. Simulations show that with the help of Active Disturbance Rejection Controllers, the velocity and attitude can be maintained well under various wind turbulence conditions.
Anti-TAR Polyamide Nucleotide Analog Conjugated with a Membrane-Permeating Peptide Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Production

ABSTRACT The emergence of drug-resistant variants has posed a significant setback against effective antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The choice of a nonmutable region of the viral genome such as the conserved transactivation response element (TAR element) in the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) may potentially be an effective target for drug development. We have earlier demonstrated that a polyamide nucleotide analog (PNA) targeted to the TAR hairpin element, when transfected into cells, can effectively inhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) LTR (T. Mayhood et al., Biochemistry 39:11532-11539, 2000). Here we show that this anti-TAR PNA (PNATAR), upon conjugation with a membrane-permeating peptide vector (transportan) retained its affinity for TAR in vitro similar to the unconjugated analog. The conjugate was efficiently internalized into the cells when added to the culture medium. Examination of the functional efficacy of the PNATAR-transportan conjugate in cell culture using luciferase reporter gene constructs resulted in a significant inhibition of Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 LTR. Furthermore, PNATAR-transportan conjugate substantially inhibited HIV-1 production in chronically HIV-1-infected H9 cells. The mechanism of this inhibition appeared to be regulated at the level of transcription. These results demonstrate the efficacy of PNATAR-transportan as a potential anti-HIV agent.
SOS chromotest results in a broader context: Empirical relationships between genotoxic potency, mutagenic potency, and carcinogenic potency

Environmental monitoring requires that large numbers of samples be processed in a relatively short period of time. While microbioassays facilitate rapid testing, the results are often difficult to interpret in the broader context of human or animal health. Determining the consequences of exposure to genotoxic substances will ultimately require in situ monitoring of exposed organisms. However, it is immediately possible to construct a broad empirical framework within which available microbioassay results can be interpreted. To do this for SOS Chromotest results, we investigated the empirical relationships between SOS genotoxic potency and mutagenic potency (as measured with the Salmonella/microsome assay), as well as between genotoxic potency and carcinogenic potency (as measured using standard, chronic animal bioassays). Strong relationships were identified between; 1) genotoxic potency and mutagenic potency for 268 direct‐acting substances (r2 = 0.76) and 2) genotoxic potency and mutagenic potency for 126 S9‐activated substances (r2 = 0.65). Ordinary least squares regression analyses of the SOS genotoxicity‐Salmonella mutagenicity relationship revealed a significant effect of SOS genotoxicity as well as differences in mutagenic potency that can be attributed to the Salmonella strain used to measure mutagenic potency. Analyses of S9‐activated substances revealed a significant interaction between the SOS genotoxic potency (SOSIP) effect and the Salmonella strain effect. Two regression models relating SOS genotoxicity and Salmonella mutagenicity were used to predict the mutagenic potency of several industrial effluent extracts previously analyzed for SOS genotoxicity by White et al. [(1996): Environ Mol Mutagen 27:116–139]. Predictions are consistent with published mutagenic potency values for similar industrial waste materials. A consistent relationship was also identified between genotoxic potency and carcinogenic potency for 51 substances. Linear regression analyses revealed an effect of SOS genotoxic potency as well as differences in carcinogenic potency that may be attributable to experimental animal and route of exposure. The correlation between genotoxicity and carcinogenicity was fairly weak (maximum r value = 0.51). Previous studies revealed similar strength of association between Ames mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Predicted carcinogenic potencies of previously examined genotoxic, industrial effluent extracts are generally low compared to the pure substances included in the data set. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Priority evaluation of transmission lines based on vulnerability assemment

The key links in transmission network should be solved imminently with insufficient funds for construction. The power grid vulnerability assessment based on electrical dissecting method of electric power network gives electrical characteristics information of vulnerable links that should be typically strengthen for transmission expansion planning. In this paper, the methodology for odering the construction priority of a set of new transmission lines to be installed by using vulnerability indices of paths between source and flow is presented. The vulnerability index could reflect the position and vulnerability of vulnerable links, which provides the directly guidance for the optimal selection of candidates. The construction priority of new transmission lines is determined according to the influence of new transmission lines on the electrical characteristics of vulnerable links and can ensure the significance of new transmission lines. The investment cost of new transmission lines are also considered in this paper. The example results illustrate that this method is practibal and efficient.
Hodgkin's lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

D. A. Eichenauer1, A. Engert1, M. Andre2, M. Federico3, T. Illidge4, M. Hutchings5, & M. Ladetto6 on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group* First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany; CHU Dinant-Godinne, UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
A 10 Gbits/s/pin DFE-Less Graphics DRAM Interface With Adaptive-Bandwidth PLL for Avoiding Noise Interference and CIJ Reduction Technique

A 10 Gbits/s/pin graphics DRAM interface is developed in 65-nm CMOS technology. Several design techniques are proposed for high-speed operation in a noisy environment. A fast precharging data sampler guarantees high-speed sampling without the need for a decision feedback equalizer. In order to increase the data sampling margin, the PLL bandwidth is optimized depending on the system noises, which reduces the clock jitter by up to 55.1%. The crosstalk-induced jitter (CIJ) reduction technique suppresses the DQs jitter by employing the suggested training sequence for the GDDR5 interface. Pre- and de-emphasis are merged in one auxiliary driver. This chip operates at 10 Gbits/s/pin and exhibits a data eye opening of 0.78 UI with the CIJ reduction technique. The power consumptions of the TX and RX are 8.28 and 5.5 pJ/b/channel, respectively.
Seeing the World Differently: An Analysis of the Impact of a Sport-Related Study Abroad Program on Global Mindedness

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a difference in the global mindedness of students who have participated in sport-related study abroad opportunities and those who have not. While a vast amount of research exists on the impact of studying abroad in other fields, no research has been published in the sport management field on how study abroad experiences impact students. The current study surveyed alumni of a graduate program at a mid-Atlantic university over a 12-year time frame. The course examined, offered once per year, is a two-week trip to Western Europe that focuses on sport administration in that region of the world. Surveys assessed the global mindedness of alumni, comparing the results of alumni who had attended the trip to those who had not. Results indicate that there were no statistically significant differences in global mindedness between the two groups. When further broken down into the five dimensions of the global mindedness scale, (responsibility, cultural pluralism, efficacy, globalcentrism, and interconnectedness), the only factor in which the difference between the two groups was statistically significant was cultural pluralism, indicating that students who study abroad have higher levels of cultural pluralism than those who do not.
Identifying and Examining Degree-Granting Programs for Distance Education Experts: A Preliminary Analysis

This chapter reveals the results of a preliminary analysis of degree-granting distance education expertise programs by identifying the programs offered by higher education institutions all around the world and examining the general features of these programs from various aspects. As a result of this study, 27 degree-granting programs in 18 universities were identified in 12 different countries for distance education expertise. These programs were examined in terms of the aims and target population, educational models, delivery methods, admission and graduation requirements of the programs, and proposed career opportunities by these programs. The results of this analysis are intended to help develop a basis for the clarification of the profession; guide educational institutions, decision-makers, and program designers for developing distance education expertise programs; help individuals who intend to gain academic expertise in distance education to choose the most suitable program that meets their needs; and contribute to the research on leadership and expertise in distance education.
Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in the development/progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined diet-fed rat model.

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still unclear. Recently, the 2-hit hypothesis was proposed, in which nitric oxide production, representing oxidative stress, was proposed as a very important candidate for the second hit. METHODS The total study period was 10 weeks. A total of 20 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was administered the Choline-Deficient, l-Amino Acid-Defined diet to produce a NASH model, and Group 2 as control received the Choline-Sufficient, l-Amino Acid-defined diet. The blood and tissue concentrations of nitrate + nitrite were measured using the Griess reagent and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins and mRNA was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS In regard to nitric oxide (NO) and NO metabolites, there were significant differences in the blood (especially portal venous blood) as well as tissue (liver and visceral fat) concentrations between the 2 animal groups; the amounts of NO metabolites in the tissues were much higher in the NASH models. The level of nitrotyrosine was much markedly higher in the NASH models than in the controls. In regard to the tissue expression of iNOS a significant difference between the 2 groups was found in the visceral fat, especially in the mesenterium. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we hypothesize that the iNOS expression and NO levels in the visceral fat increase, with increased diffusion of NO and its metabolites into the liver, resulting in increased nitrotyrosine formation in the liver; this, in turn, induces inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the liver, which are one of the characteristic features of NASH.
Severity of illness scores: Are they useful in febrile neutropenic adult patients in hematology wards? A prospective multicenter study

Objective To assess the prognostic value of two severity of illness scores, commonly used for critically ill patients, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) and Organ Dysfunctions and Infection (ODIN), in predicting mortality in febrile neutropenic patients in hematology wards. Design A 2-month prospective multicenter study. Setting Thirty-six hematologic and/or stem cell transplant units in France. Patients All adult patients with a first febrile neutropenic episode (polymorphonuclear cells <500/mm3) were included. Interventions SAPS II was calculated on day 1 of fever, and ODIN on days 1 and 8. The end point was the mortality rate on day 28. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-eight (6.6%) of the 421 patients included died before day 28. The mortality rate predicted by SAPS II was 23.8%, indicating a poor calibration. The SAPS II score at day 1 was greater in nonsurvivors than in survivors (44 ± 11 vs. 38 ± 7, p < .0001), as was the number of patients with one or more organ failures at day 1 (14 vs. 2%, p < .0001), and day 8 (42 vs. 3%, p < .0001). The pattern of change in the scores over the first 8 days differed significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. In multivariate analysis, only ODIN on day 1 and day 8, and spontaneous neutropenia were independent predictors for death. Conclusions SAPS II and ODIN scores are inaccurate for predicting individual outcome of febrile neutropenic patients in hematology wards. Serial measurements of these scores during the first week of hospitalization could be more accurate than a single measurement. Besides severity scores and organ failures, the type of neutropenia is at least as important in assessing the prognosis.
SEA: a super-enhancer archive

Super-enhancers are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers regarded as having essential roles in driving the expression of genes that control cell identity during development and tumorigenesis. The construction of a genome-wide super-enhancer database is urgently needed to better understand super-enhancer-directed gene expression regulation for a given biology process. Here, we present a specifically designed web-accessible database, Super-Enhancer Archive (SEA, http://sea.edbc.org). SEA focuses on integrating super-enhancers in multiple species and annotating their potential roles in the regulation of cell identity gene expression. The current release of SEA incorporates 83 996 super-enhancers computationally or experimentally identified in 134 cell types/tissues/diseases, including human (75 439, three of which were experimentally identified), mouse (5879, five of which were experimentally identified), Drosophila melanogaster (1774) and Caenorhabditis elegans (904). To facilitate data extraction, SEA supports multiple search options, including species, genome location, gene name, cell type/tissue and super-enhancer name. The response provides detailed (epi)genetic information, incorporating cell type specificity, nearby genes, transcriptional factor binding sites, CRISPR/Cas9 target sites, evolutionary conservation, SNPs, H3K27ac, DNA methylation, gene expression and TF ChIP-seq data. Moreover, analytical tools and a genome browser were developed for users to explore super-enhancers and their roles in defining cell identity and disease processes in depth.
Continuous Support for Women During Childbirth

Background: Historically, women have been attended and supported by other women during labour. However, in recent decades in hospitals worldwide, continuous support during labour has become the exception rather than the routine. Concerns about the consequent dehumanization of women's birth experiences have led to calls for a return to continuous support by women for women during labour. Objectives: Primary: to assess the effects, on mothers and their babies, of continuous, one-to-one intrapartum support compared with usual care. Secondary: to determine whether the effects of continuous support are influenced by: (1) routine practices and policies in the birth environment that may affect a woman's autonomy, freedom of movement, and ability to cope with labour; (2) whether the caregiver is a member of the staff of the institution; and (3) whether the continuous support begins early or later in labour. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (30 January 2003) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003). Selection criteria: All published and unpublished randomized controlled trials comparing continuous support during labour with usual care. Data collection and analysis: Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration Pregnancy and Childbirth Group were used. All authors participated in evaluation of methodological quality. Data extraction was undertaken independently by one author and a research assistant. Additional information was sought from the trial authors. Results are presented using relative risk for categorical data and weighted mean difference for continuous data. Main results: Fifteen trials involving 12,791 women are included. Primary comparison: Women who had continuous intrapartum support were less likely to have intrapartum analgesia, operative birth, or to report dissatisfaction with their childbirth experiences. Subgroup analyses: In general, continuous intrapartum support was associated with greater benefits when the provider was not a member of the hospital staff, when it began early in labour, and in settings in which epidural analgesia was not routinely available. Reviewers’ conclusions: All women should have support throughout labour and birth. Citation: Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr G J, Sakala C. Continuous support for women during childbirth (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. •••The preceding report is an abstract of a regularly updated, systematic review prepared and maintained by the Cochrane Collaboration. The full text of the review is available in The Cochrane Library (ISSN 1464-780X). The Cochrane Library is designed and produced by Update Software Ltd, and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data dissemination scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks with mobile sink groups

There have been many routing protocols proposed for data dissemination to multiple mobile sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and the protocols regard each sink as an individually distributed single entity without relationship of each other. Recently, mobile group entities have been introduced in WSNs. A number of mobile sinks move together in a group manner, and mobile sinks in the group stay closely, and they randomly move within a geographically restricted region. Although the existing multicasting protocols could be applied in such a group communication application, they suffer from high congestion and control overhead due to location updates to a source by individual mobile sinks. Geocasting protocols are effective means for delivering data packets to a sink group within a restricted region, but do not guarantee successful data delivery to a mobile sink group since they only focus on transmitting data to all nodes within a stationary region. This paper propose Region-Based Data Dissemination (RBDD) scheme to address these problems. RBDD first determines the group region based on current locations of mobile sinks in a group, and advertises the information of the group region to sources. It then directly transmits data to a group of mobile sinks through restricted flooding only within the region. Simulation results show that RBDD guarantees data delivery to a mobile sink group.
A Scottish cost Analysis of Interceptive Orthodontics for Thumb Sucking Habits

Objective There is a potential cost saving to be made within the NHS by providing simple interceptive treatment rather than comprehensive treatment at a later date. The focus of this study is to determine the size of this potential cost by looking at the cost to NHS Tayside for the provision of interceptive treatment for cessation of thumb sucking and where this has been unsuccessful (or not provided) the costs of correction of the associated malocclusion. Design A cost analysis is described, investigating the costs of treatment solely to the NHS, both in the primary and secondary setting. Methods Three potential treatment pathways are identified with the costs calculated for each pathway. The actual cost of providing this treatment in NHS Tayside, and the potential cost saving in Tayside if there was a change in clinical practice are calculated. Both discounting of costs and a sensitivity analysis are performed. Results The cost to NHS Tayside of current practice was calculated to be between £123,710 and £124,930 per annum. Change in practice to replace use of a removable with a fixed habit breaker for the interceptive treatment of thumb sucking reduced the calculated cost to between £99,581 and £105,017. Conclusion A saving could be made to the NHS, both locally and nationally, if the provision of a removable habit breaker was changed to a fixed habit breaker. In addition, increasing the proportion receiving active treatment, in the form of a fixed habit breaker, rather than monitoring, would appear to further reduce the cost to the NHS considerably.
Transcription-driven DNA methylation setting on the mouse Peg3 locus

ABSTRACT The imprinting of the mouse Peg3 domain is controlled through the Peg3-DMR, which obtains its maternal-specific DNA methylation during oogenesis. In the current study, we deleted an oocyte-specific alternative promoter, termed U1, which is localized 20 kb upstream of the Peg3-DMR. Deletion of this alternative promoter resulted in complete removal of the maternal-specific DNA methylation on the Peg3-DMR. Consequently, the imprinted genes in the Peg3 domain become biallelic in the mutants with maternal transmission of the deletion. Expression levels of the imprinted genes were also affected in the mutants: 2-fold upregulation of Peg3 and Usp29 and downregulation of Zim1 to basal levels. Breeding experiments further indicated under-representation of females among the surviving mutants, a potential sex-biased outcome from the biallelic expression of the Peg3 domain. Overall, the results suggest that U1-driven transcription may be required for establishing oocyte-specific DNA methylation on the Peg3 domain.