Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluency of consistency -1 Fluency of consistency : When thoughts fit nicely and flow smoothly

Introduction and overview. Cognition influences affect – sometimes dramatically, as when a crafty political speech rises passions, and moves people to lofty or dangerous endeavors. However, many cognition-affect interactions are subtle. A fuzzy text or a noisy reception triggers annoyance. A harmonious chord or a symmetric design elicits pleasure. Recognizing a familiar face produces a sense of warm glow. There is something " off " in our colleague's explanation of an event. Our chapter deals with these subtle interactions. Specifically, we address how everyday evaluative responses depend on fluency – ease or difficulty of information processing. Further, we show how the mechanisms linking fluency and evaluation can be understood using a combination of psychological experimentation and computer modeling. The unique aspect of the present contribution, besides offering several theoretical refinements and an empirical update on our respective programs of research, is that we address how the notion of fluency relates to the notion of consistency and related concepts, such as coherence and dissonance. That is, we will explore how fluency and consistency phenomena are similar and different from each other, both conceptually and empirically. We will also show how they can be precisely modeled using a computational framework. The structure of our contribution is roughly as follows. First, we distinguish various sources of evaluative responses – non-specific processing dynamics and specific feature-based information. This then allows us to address the similarities and differences between the concepts of fluency and consistency. Next, we describe empirical work suggesting that evaluative reactions to fluency can explain several common preference phenomena. Finally, we describe some computational models of fluency and consistency. Fluency and features. A visitor arrives in Warsaw and sees several faces in the airport's arrival hall. Some she identifies as Polish, some she does not. Some she recognizes, some she does not. Some she likes, some she does not. Why? One obvious source of her reactions is the " what " of processing – the stimulus' specific features. For example, detecting a round face with high cheekbones suggests that the person is Polish. Detecting a particular mustache on a waving greeter triggers recognition of the visitor's host. Detecting a smile – " the curve that sets everything straight " – triggers positive affect. In addition, however, there is the " how " of processing – the dynamics of perceptual and conceptual operations on the stimulus. These dynamic parameters include processing speed and …
Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study

Objective To investigate associations between long term dietary intake of calcium and risk of fracture of any type, hip fractures, and osteoporosis. Design A longitudinal and prospective cohort study, based on the Swedish Mammography Cohort, including a subcohort, the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical. Setting A population based cohort in Sweden established in 1987. Participants 61 433 women (born between 1914 and 1948) were followed up for 19 years. 5022 of these women participated in the subcohort. Main outcome measures Primary outcome measures were incident fractures of any type and hip fractures, which were identified from registry data. Secondary outcome was osteoporosis diagnosed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry in the subcohort. Diet was assessed by repeated food frequency questionnaires. Results During follow-up, 14 738 women (24%) experienced a first fracture of any type and among them 3871 (6%) a first hip fracture. Of the 5022 women in the subcohort, 1012 (20%) were measured as osteoporotic. The risk patterns with dietary calcium were non-linear. The crude rate of a first fracture of any type was 17.2/1000 person years at risk in the lowest quintile of calcium intake, and 14.0/1000 person years at risk in the third quintile, corresponding to a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.25). The hazard ratio for a first hip fracture was 1.29 (1.17 to 1.43) and the odds ratio for osteoporosis was 1.47 (1.09 to 2.00). With a low vitamin D intake, the rate of fracture in the first calcium quintile was more pronounced. The highest quintile of calcium intake did not further reduce the risk of fractures of any type, or of osteoporosis, but was associated with a higher rate of hip fracture, hazard ratio 1.19 (1.06 to 1.32). Conclusion Gradual increases in dietary calcium intake above the first quintile in our female population were not associated with further reductions in fracture risk or osteoporosis.
Minimum-implant-area-aware detailed placement with spacing constraints

Due to the continuous shrinking of technology nodes, the minimum implant area (MIA) constraint has become a critical issue for modern circuit placement. With a fixed cell height, this constraint can be transferred into a minimum cell width constraint, and thus cells of small widths may have MIA violations. To solve such violations, we may shift neighboring cells to preserve whitespace or abut violating cells with the same threshold voltages (VTs). This paper presents an MIA-aware detailed placement algorithm to effectively solve the placement problem with the MIA constraint by clustering violating cells with the same VTs, and then apply cluster-based detailed placement algorithms to solve this problem. To further minimize the design area, an MIA-aware cell flipping algorithm based on linear-time dynamic programming is presented. Experimental results show that our algorithm can achieve high-quality results for this problem and is very robust for different multi-VT designs and MIA constraints.
Agent based system for home automation, monitoring and security

Collecting data from sensors, for various applications and scenarios, is becoming a norm. Each sensor is connected to an Access Point (AP), which forwards the data to a host computer. When an AP fails, it causes all sensors connected to it to be offline for a while. In this paper, an adaptive and fault-tolerant system that continues to function in presence of AP failures and sensor joins (churn) is proposed. As a case study, it is showed how the system can be used to automate a building. The APs have associated software agents that use Paxos protocol to allocate the sensors to APs under churn. Virtual redundancy is implemented via Paxos, thus when an AP fails, its role will be taken by another AP. Hence, it is achieved high reliability by using software agents with wireless sensors, and employing the Paxos protocol, without any component redundancy and with low implementation cost.
Scholarly Paper : Analysis of Extremal Region Based Text Component Localization Methods for Natural Scene Images

Natural scene text detection is a challenging problem due to issues including low resolution text, stylized text, complex backgrounds, uneven lighting, and blur. For text localization, text tends to exist in uniform regions. Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) approaches have been successfully applied to extracting candidate text components. However, performance often drops when lighting variations or blur exist. Several extremal region based (ER-based) methods have been proposed recently to improve the performance resulting in better recall and precision rates. In this paper, we focus on the analysis among several ER-based methods for text component localization. These methods include standard MSER [1], Neumann and Matas’ ER [2] (Neumann & Matas), Yin and Huang’s ER [3] (Yin & Huang), and our proposed ER-based method (Ku). After an introduction to these methods, a detailed comparison among them is conducted. An evaluation is also provided based on the ICDAR 2013 dataset. The comparison shows that our proposed method performs best over these methods in terms of F-measure.
CCS: Collaborative Malware Clustering and Signature Generation using Malware Behavioral Analysis

The sheer volume of new malware found each day is growing at an exponential pace. Centralized systems that collect all malware samples to central severs can cause problems of single point of failure as well as processing bottlenecks. Previous works on distributed and scalable malware analysis are mainly applied for specific or simple malware. This paper presents CCS, a collaborative online malware analysis system which is applied for various malware and well scalable. Each sensors in CCS analysis their own malware samples accurately in-situ and then CCS aggregates those analyses among sensors in a load-balance way. We implemented a proof-of-concept version of CCS and performed experiments with 917 real-world malware samples; preliminary results from our evaluation confirm that CCS has comparable performance with centralized system, but much better scalability, and is approximately consistent with the result of AV scanners.
A discipline of multiprogramming: programming theory for distributed applications

1. A discipline of multiprogramming. - 2. Action systems. - 3. An object-oriented view of action systems. - 4. Small examples. - 5. Safety properties. - 6. Progress properties. - 7. Maximality properties. - 8. Asynchronous compositions of programs. - 9. Conditional, closure properties. - 10. Reduction theorem. - 11. Distributed implementation. - 12. Logic of Seuss programs. - 13. Epilog.
4DGVF-based filtering of vector-valued images

In this paper, we propose a new method for vector-valued image restoration in order to reduce noise while simultaneously sharpening vector edges. Our approach is a coupled anisotropic diffusion and shock filtering scheme that exploits a new robust 4DGVF vector field tailored for vector-valued images. The proposed scheme sharpens edges in directions diffused from the entire spatio-spectral information available with a more precise and a more stable sharpening effect along the iterative processing. We validate our method on color images as well as on realistic simulations of dynamic PET images.
A distributed object detector-tracker aided video encoder for smart camera networks

In this paper, we propose a Region of Interest(ROI) modulated H.264 video encoder system, based on a distributed object detector-tracker framework, for smart camera networks. Locations of objects of interest, as determined by detector-tracker are used to semantically partition each frame into regions assigned with multiple levels of importance. A distributed architecture is proposed to implement the object detector-tracker framework to mitigate the computational cost. Further, a rate control algorithm with modified Rate-Distortion(RD) cost is proposed to determine Quantization Parameter(QP) and skip decision of Macro Blocks based on their relative levels of importance. Our experiments show that, the proposed system achieves upto 3x reduction in bitrate without significant reduction in PSNR of ROI(head-shoulder region of pedestrians). We also demonstrate the trade-off between total computational cost and compression possible with the proposed distributed detector-tracker framework.
Supporting product selection with query editing recommendations

Consider a conversational product recommender system in which a user repeatedly edits and resubmits a query until she finds a product that she wants. We show how an advisor can: observe the user's actions; infer constraints on the user's utility function and add them to a user model; use the constraints to deduce which queries the user is likely to try next; and advise the user to avoid those that are unsatisfiable. We call this information recommendation. We give a detailed formulation of information recommendation for the case of products that are described by a set of Boolean features. Our experimental results show that if the user is given advice, the number of queries she needs to try before finding the product of highest utility is greatly reduced. We also show that an advisor that confines its advice to queries that the user model predicts are likely to be tried next will give shorter advice than one whose advice is unconstrained by the user model.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Suppresses αvβ6 Integrin–Dependent Oral Squamous Carcinoma Invasion

Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents about 5.5% of all malignancies, with ∼30,000 new cases each year in the United States. The integrin αvβ6 and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are implicated in OSCC progression and have been suggested as possible therapeutic targets. Each protein also is reported to identify dysplasias at high risk of malignant transformation, and current clinical trials are testing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) at preventing OSCC development. Given the probable increased expression of αvβ6 and COX-2 in OSCC and the inhibition of several integrins by NSAIDs, we investigated whether NSAIDs affected αvβ6-dependent cell functions. We found that expression of both αvβ6 and COX-2 was significantly higher in OSCC compared with oral epithelial dysplasias. Neither protein preferentially identified those dysplastic lesions that became malignant. Using OSCC cell lines, modified to express varying levels of αvβ6, we assessed the effect of COX-2 inhibition on cell invasion. We found that the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 inhibited specifically αvβ6-dependent, but not αvβ6-independent, OSCC invasion in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was modulated through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)–dependent activation of Rac-1. Transient expression of constitutively active Rac-1, or addition of the COX-2 metabolite PGE2, prevented the anti-invasive effect of NS398. Conversely, RNA interference down-regulation of Rac-1 inhibited αvβ6-dependent invasion. These findings suggest that COX-2 and αvβ6 interact in promoting OSCC invasion. This is a novel mechanism that, given the ubiquity of αvβ6 expression by head and neck cancers, raises the possibility that NSAIDs could protect against OSCC invasion. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10833-42)
THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Computationally designed liver-speci fi c transcriptional modules and hyperactive factor IX improve hepatic gene therapy

Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
A Visualization Architecture for Collaborative Analytical and Data Provenance Activities

When exploring noisy or visually complex data, such as seismic data from the oil and gas industry, it is often the case that algorithms cannot completely identify features of interest. Human intuition must complete the process. Given the nature of intuition, this can be a source of differing interpretations depending on the human expert, thus we do not have a single feature but multiple views of a feature. Managing multi-user and multi-version interpretations, combined with version tracking, is challenging as these interpretations are often stored as geometric objects separately from the raw data and possibly in different local machines. In this paper we combine the storage of the raw data with the storage of the interpretations produced by the visualization of features by multiple user sessions. We present case studies that illustrate our system's ability to reproduce users' amendments to the interpretations of others and the ability to retrace the history of amendments to a visual feature.
Proximal tubular reabsorption and its regulation.

The early micropuncture studies of Walker et al (1) first documented that (a) proximal tubular reabsorption is isosmotic, and (b) the percentage of the filtered load reabsorbed proximally remains relatively constant, a concept referred to as proximal glomerulotubular (GT) balance. Subsequently, it was shown that proximal GT balance was not fixed but could be reset in response to factors that altered effective arterial blood volume, expansion serving to lower and contraction to en­ hance the fraction of filtrate reabsorbed proximally (2-5). The present review examines the anatomic and physiologic features determining proximal reabsorption of sodium and water. Toward this end the anatomy of the proximal tubule is briefly reviewed and the concept of proximal tubule heterogeneity introduced. Next the factors determining reabsorption are divided into two major categories: (a ) outward transport, comprised of active and passive components and (b) passive back-leak of reabsorbate. Net reabsorption thus represents outward transport (active plus passive) minus back-leak. Finally, some remarks are made about the regulatory factors modulating these reabsorptive processes.
Heterogeneous Visual Codebook Integration Via Consensus Clustering for Visual Categorization

Most recent category-level object and activity recognition systems work with visual words, i.e., vector-quantized local descriptors. These visual vocabularies are usually built by using a local feature, such as SIFT, and a single clustering algorithm, such as K-means. However, very different clusterings algorithms are at our disposal, each of them discovering different structures in the data. In this paper, we explore how to combine these heterogeneous codebooks and introduce a novel approach for their integration via consensus clustering. Considering each visual vocabulary as one modal, we propose the visual word aggregation (VWA) methodology, to learn a common codebook, where the stability of the visual vocabulary construction process is increased, the size of the codebook is determined in an unsupervised integration, and more discriminative representations are obtained. With the aim of obtaining contextual visual words, we also incorporate the spatial neighboring relation between the local descriptors into the VWA process: the contextual-VWA approach. We integrate over-segmentation algorithms and spatial grids into the aggregation process to obtain a visual vocabulary that narrows the semantic gap between visual words and visual concepts. We show how the proposed codebooks perform in recognizing objects and scenes on very challenging datasets. Compared with unimodal visual codebook construction approaches, our multimodal approach always achieves superior performances.
Human Herpesvirus 6 DNA Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Due to Primary Infection Differ from Those Due to Chromosomal Viral Integration and Have Implications for Diagnosis of Encephalitis

ABSTRACT The prevalence and concentration of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the immunocompetent in primary infection was compared with that in viral chromosomal integration. Samples from 510 individuals with suspected encephalitis, 200 young children and 310 older children and/or adults, and 12 other patients were tested. HHV-6 DNA concentration (log10 copies/ml) was measured in CSF, serum, and whole blood using PCR. Serum HHV-6 immunoglobulin G antibody was measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Primary infection was defined by antibody seroconversion and/or a low concentration of HHV-6 DNA (<3.0 log10 copies/ml) in a seronegative serum. Chromosomal integration was defined by a high concentration of viral DNA in serum (≥3.5 log10 copies/ml) or whole blood (≥6.0 log10 copies/ml). The prevalences of CSF HHV-6 DNA in primary infection and chromosomal integration were 2.5% and 2.0%, respectively, in the young children (<2 years) and 0% and 1.3%, respectively, in the older children and/or adults. The mean concentration of CSF HHV-6 DNA in 9 children with primary infection (2.4 log10 copies/ml) was significantly lower than that of 21 patients with viral chromosomal integration (4.0 log10 copies/ml). Only HHV-6B DNA was found in primary infection, whereas in viral integration, 4 patients had HHV-6A and 17 patients HHV-6B. Apart from primary infection, chromosomal integration is the most likely cause of HHV-6 DNA in the CSF of the immunocompetent. Our results show that any diagnosis of HHV-6 encephalitis or other type of active central nervous system infection should not be made without first excluding chromosomal HHV-6 integration by measuring DNA load in CSF, serum, and/or whole blood.
A note on the $p$-adic Galois representations attached to Hilbert modular forms

We show that the p-adic Galois representations attached to Hilbert modular forms of motivic weight are potentially semistable at all places above p and are compatible with the local Langlands cor- respondence at these places, proving this for those forms not covered by the previous works of T. Saito and of D. Blasius and J. Rogawski.
A 0.33-V, 500-kHz, 3.94-$\mu\hbox{W}$ 40-nm 72-Kb 9T Subthreshold SRAM With Ripple Bit-Line Structure and Negative Bit-Line Write-Assist

This paper presents an ultra-low-power 72-Kb 9T static random-access memory (SRAM) with a ripple bit-line (RPBL) structure and negative bit-line (NBL) write-assist. The RPBL scheme provides over 40% read access performance improvement for VDD below 0.4 V compared with the conventional hierarchical bit-line structure. A variation-tolerant ripple-initiated NBL write-assist scheme with the transient negative pulse coupled only into the single selected local bit-line segment is employed to enhance the NBL, boosting efficiency and reducing power consumption. The 331 × 385 μm2 72-Kb SRAM macro has been fabricated in UMC 40-nm low-power CMOS technology and was tested with full suites of SRAM compiler qualification patterns. Error-free full functionality without redundancy is achieved from 1.5 V down to 0.33 V. The measured maximum operation frequency is 220 MHz (500 kHz) at 1.1 V (0.33 V) and 25 °C. The measured total power consumption is 3.94 μW at 0.33 V, 500 kHz, and 25 °C .
The influence of proteasome inhibitor MG132, external radiation, and unlabeled antibody on the tumor uptake and biodistribution of 188Re‐labeled anti‐E6 C1P5 antibody in cervical cancer in mice

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered a necessary step for the development of cervical cancer, and >95% of all cervical cancers have detectable HPV sequences. The authors of this report recently demonstrated the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeting viral oncoprotein E6 in the treatment of experimental cervical cancer. They hypothesized that the pretreatment of tumor cells with various agents that cause cell death and/or elevation of E6 levels would increase the accumulation of radiolabeled antibodies to E6 in cervical tumors.