Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partitioning Well-Clustered Graphs: Spectral Clustering Works!

In this paper we study variants of the widely used spectral clustering that partitions a graph into $k$ clusters by (1) embedding the vertices of a graph into a low-dimensional space using the bottom eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix and (2) grouping the embedded points into $k$ clusters via $k$-means algorithms. We show that, for a wide class of graphs, spectral clustering gives a good approximation of the optimal clustering. While this approach was proposed in the early 1990s and has comprehensive applications, prior to our work similar results were known only for graphs generated from stochastic models. We also give a nearly linear time algorithm for partitioning well-clustered graphs based on computing a matrix exponential and approximate nearest neighbor data structures.
Proof of the Separation Principle for Opportunistic Spectrum Access

Consider a spectrum that consists of N channels (e.g., separated frequency bands), each with bandwidth Bn (n = 1, · · · , N ). These N channels are licensed to a primary network whose users communicate according to a synchronous slot structure. Let Sn ∈ {0 (busy), 1 (idle)} denote the availability of channel n in a slot. The spectrum occupancy of the primary network S ∆ = [S1, . , SN ] is modeled by a discrete-time Markov process with 2 states. Let S ∆ = {0, 1}N denote the state space and Ps,s′ the probability that the spectrum occupancy state transits from s ∈ S to s′ ∈ S. We consider a secondary ad hoc network whose users independently and selfishly exploit instantaneous spectrum opportunities in these N channels. At the beginning of each slot, a secondary user with data to transmit chooses a channel a ∈ {1, . , N} to sense. Based on the sensing outcome Θa, the secondary user decides whether to access the sensed channel Φa ∈ {0 (no access), 1 (access)} according to transmission probability fa(θ) ∆ = Pr{Φa = 1 |Θa = θ} ∈ [0, 1]. At the end of the slot, the receiver acknowledges every successful transmission: Ka ∈ {0 (no ACK), 1 (ACK)}. If the secondary user successfully accesses an idle channel, it will receive a reward measured by the number of transmitted information bits. A collision occurs if the secondary user accesses a busy channel.
Psychological and Physiological Fatigue of the Swimming Athletes During Intensive Training and Their Coping Ways

This study examined the psychological and physiological fatigue and their coping style during intensive training of33swimming athletes and found that the intensive training had a great influence on the psychological conditions,heart and lung system,muscular system and metabolic system.Fe-male and male athletes differed in the feelings and coping style during intensive training.The result showed that the mental fatigue of the female athletes was higher than that of the male ones,and they tended to use the coping style of self-reproach,venting,avoidance,seeking support and illusion while the male athletes tended to use the coping style of self-encouragement,distractions,solving the problems and avoidance.
An indoor location scheme based on wireless local area networks

This paper presents an indoor location scheme based on wireless local area networks, where the position of a mobile terminal is estimated according to the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information from multiple access points. With the antenna pattern-measurement method for measuring the SNRs, pretty good location estimates can be obtained. Our experimental results show that more than 85 percent of the estimated locations have error distances less than two meters.
Face to face collaborative AR on mobile phones

Mobile phones are an ideal platform for augmented reality. In this paper we describe how they also can be used to support face to face collaborative AR applications. We have created a custom port of the ARToolKit library to the Symbian mobile phone operating system and then developed a sample collaborative AR game based on this. We describe the game in detail and user feedback from people who have played it. We also provide general design guidelines that could be useful for others who are developing mobile phone collaborative AR applications.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Distinct Requirements for Trkb and Trkc Signaling in Target Innervation by Sensory Neurons

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Changes in Band 3 oligomeric state precede cell membrane phospholipid loss during blood bank storage of red blood cells

BACKGROUND: Lipid loss in the form of vesicles contributes to the red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion, and this loss of lipid is correlated with changes in membrane protein function. Sensitive spectroscopic techniques were used to measure changes in Band 3 oligomeric state during storage of RBCs, compared to metabolic changes and phospholipid loss. The aim of the study was to determine whether changes in the macromolecular organization of membrane proteins occur before, coincident with, or after lipid loss during RBC storage.
Emotional labor and family quality: the role of work-family positive spillover

Abstract There is increasing research interest in both types of emotional labor at work (i.e. surface acting and deep acting), but the effects of emotional labor at work on employees’ emotional labor at home and their family members’ family quality have not yet been explored. Drawing on work-family enrichment theory, this study investigated the mechanism underlying the relationship between employees’ emotional labor at work and their spouses’ perceived family quality by focusing on the mediating role of employees’ emotional labor at home and the moderating role of work-to-family positive spillover (WFPS). The results from a time-lagged three-wave survey of 193 Chinese employee-spouse dyads indicated that surface acting at home mediated the relationship between surface acting at work and spousal ratings of family quality. Although deep acting at work was positively related to deep acting at home, deep acting at home was not significantly related to family quality. WFPS strengthened the relationship between surface acting at work and surface acting at home. This study extends emotional labor theories to the family domain and provides insights into the mediating mechanisms and boundary condition through which emotional labor at work relates to spouses’ perceptions of family quality. The implications for theory and management practice are discussed.
Subjective Memory Complaints and Conversion to Dementia in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract. Background: Subjective cognitive complaints and their clinical significance are discussed controversially. Objectives: To determine the clinical validity of subjective cognitive complaints among subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: Longitudinal study with one follow up examination at a University based out-patient memory clinic. Participants: A clinical sample of patietns with SCD and MCI (n = 141), aged 50 and older, who came to the memory outpatient clinic. Results: No significant differences between converters and non converters regarding subjective cognitive complaints were detected. MCI patients had a higher risk than the patients with SCD developing AD (OR = 7.3 [CI 0.9 to 61.2]. Verbal memory testing using the Verbal Selektive Reminding Test (VSRT) showed better diagnostic validity than subjective cognitive complaints using the Forgetfulness Assessment Inventory (FAI) in predicting conversion to dementia. Conclusion: Verbal memory t.
Fit and fat from enlarged badges: a field experiment on male sand lizards

To investigate the impact of nuptial coloration (the badge) on male fitness in the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), we conducted a manipulation experiment in a natural population. Males in one group had their badges enlarged by being painted as cheaters and were compared to a control group with respect to mate acquisition, body condition and survival. Badge enlargement did not affect survival, but elevated mate acquisition by almost 400%, and body condition in small males. This increase in condition is likely to stem from greater access to female–associated sites with high food availability.
Eliciting User Expectations for Data Behavior via Invariant Templates

People expect software that they use for everyday purposes to be dependable enough for their needs. Usually, they can tolerate some failures, provided they can notice and recover from problems. Many dependability enhancement techniques rely on failure detection. Detection requires a model of proper behavior, preferably in the form of specifications. However, the specifications of everyday software are often incomplete and imprecise. This research uses machine learning techniques to refine the model and accommodates the necessary human participation. We propose a template mechanism to bridge between user expectations and techniques output. The result is an analyzable model of proper behavior that may serve as a proxy for missing specifications. We use the model to detect semantic anomalies—data behavior that is outside the user’s expectations. We test our template mechanism on truck weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. A domain expert interacts with this mechanism to set up the model of proper behavior. We then analyze the usefulness of this model for anomaly detection and show it is useful. We also compare the model to existing documentation and show how this gave the expert insights about the WIM system. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ITR-0086003, by the Sloan Software Industry Center at Carnegie Mellon University, and by the High Dependability Computing Program from NASA Ames cooperative agreement NCC-2-1298.
Structure and stability of recombinant bovine odorant-binding protein: II. Unfolding of the monomeric forms

In a family of monomeric odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), bovine OBP (bOBP), that lacks conserved disulfide bond found in other OBPs, occupies unique niche because of its ability to form domain-swapped dimers. In this study, we analyzed conformational stabilities of the recombinant bOBP and its monomeric variants, the bOBP-Gly121+ mutant containing an additional glycine residue after the residue 121 of the bOBP, and the GCC-bOBP mutant obtained from the bOBP-Gly121+ form by introduction of the Trp64Cys/His155Cys double mutation to restore the canonical disulfide bond. We also analyzed the effect of the natural ligand binding on the conformational stabilities of these bOBP variants. Our data are consistent with the conclusion that the unfolding-refolding pathways of the recombinant bOBP and its mutant monomeric forms bOBP-Gly121+ and GCC-bOBP are similar and do not depend on the oligomeric status of the protein. This clearly shows that the information on the unfolding-refolding mechanism is encoded in the structure of the bOBP monomers. However, the process of the bOBP unfolding is significantly complicated by the formation of the domain-swapped dimer, and the rates of the unfolding-refolding reactions essentially depend on the conditions in which the protein is located.
SiMPle: Assessing Music Similarity Using Subsequences Joins

Most algorithms for music information retrieval are based on the analysis of the similarity between feature sets extracted from the raw audio. A common approach to assessing similarities within or between recordings is by creating similarity matrices. However, this approach requires quadratic space for each comparison and typically requires a costly post-processing of the matrix. In this work, we propose a simple and efficient representation based on a subsequence similarity join, which may be used in several music information retrieval tasks. We apply our method to the cover song recognition problem and demonstrate that it is superior to state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we demonstrate how the proposed representation can be exploited for multiple applications in music processing.
Nahal Ein Gev II, a Late Natufian Community at the Sea of Galilee

The Natufian culture is of great importance as a starting point to investigate the dynamics of the transition to agriculture. Given its chronological position at the threshold of the Neolithic (ca. 12,000 years ago) and its geographic setting in the productive Jordan Valley, the site of Nahal Ein Gev II (NEG II) reveals aspects of the Late Natufian adaptations and its implications for the transition to agriculture. The size of the site, the thick archaeological deposits, invested architecture and multiple occupation sub-phases reveal a large, sedentary community at least on par with Early Natufian camps in the Mediterranean zone. Although the NEG II lithic tool kit completely lacks attributes typical of succeeding Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) assemblages, the artistic style is more closely related to the early PPNA world, despite clear roots in Early Natufian tradition. The site does not conform to current perceptions of the Late Natufians as a largely mobile population coping with reduced resource productivity caused by the Younger Dryas. Instead, the faunal and architectural data suggest that the sedentary populations of the Early Natufian did not revert back to a nomadic way of life in the Late Natufian in the Jordan Valley. NEG II encapsulates cultural characteristics typical of both Natufian and PPNA traditions and thus bridges the crossroads between Late Paleolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers.
Reactive Ion Etching

Multichip modules (MCM)have proved to be a viable packaging technology for achieving small size and high performance. By their nature, MCMs typically integrate multiple bare die into a module that can be the plastic or ceramic package. As a result, the MCMrequires an efficient mechanism for removing excess heat. Diamond with its excellent thermal conductivity, is the ideal choice as a substrate material for these applications. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond substrates makes possible the practical realization of a novel diamond based 3-D MCM. However, the diamond films grown by CVD technique are polycrystalline and have non-uniform filmroughness and randomly faceted crystals. These non-planar surfaces reduce the diamond's thermal management efficiency. Therefore, itbecomes imperative that the as-deposited diamond films be polished for use in MCMs. Chemical assisted mechanical polishing (CAMP) technique has been developed at HiDEC, University of Arkansas. In this technique diamond is lapped against an alumina plate under a load in the presence of certain chemicals. Although CAMP technique reduces the lapping time considerably, stillnewer techniques must be developed to reduce polishing cost further. We are currently using reactive ion etching (RIE) to substantially reduce the polishing time. Preliminary studies using reactive ion etching showed etch rates of 500-lOOOA/min at low pressures. These etched films showed a considerably higher polishing rate (using CAMP technique) than the non-etched films. Changes in the morphology and structure of the diamond films due to etching and polishing were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dektak profilometer and Raman spectroscopy. This paper presents a systematic study of RIEand CAMP of CVD-diamond substrates.
Admissibility and static output‐feedback stabilization of singular Markovian jump systems with defective statistics of modes transitions

This paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for discrete‐time singular Markovian jump linear systems with defective statistics of modes transitions to be regular, causal, and stochastically stable. The static output‐feedback stabilization problem for discrete‐time singular Markovian jump linear system with defective statistics of modes transitions is studied. Furthermore, the defective statistics about modes transitions are studied by considering the uncertain transition probabilities and partially unknown transition probabilities situations account in a composite way. The closed‐loop system is represented in an augmented form, in which input and gain‐output matrices are separated. By virtue of the system augmentation, a sufficient condition for the existence of desired controllers is established. An extension to mode‐independent static output‐feed stabilization is provided as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Compact FPGA Implementation of the SHA-3 Candidate ECHO

We propose a compact architecture of the SHA-3 candidate ECHO for the Virtex-5 FPGA family. Our architecture is built around a 8-bit datapath. We show that a careful organization of the chaining variable and the message block in the register file allows one to design a compact control unit based on a 4-bit counter, an 8-bit counter, and a simple Finite State Machine. A fully autonomous implementation of ECHO on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA requires 127 slices and a single memory block to store the internal state, and achieves a throughput of 72Mbps.
Hop-Count Filtering : An Effective Defense Against Spoofed Traffic

IP spoofing has been exploited by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attackers to (1) conceal flooding sources and localities of flooding traffic, and (2) coax uncompromised hosts into becoming reflectors, redirecting and amplifying flooding traffic. Thus, the ability to filter spoofed IP packets near victims is essential to their own protection as well as to their avoidance of becoming involuntary DoS reflectors. Although an attacker can forge any field in the IP header, he cannot falsify the number of hops an IP packet takes to reach its destination. This hop-count information can be inferred from the Time-to-Live (TTL) value in the IP header. Based on this observation, we propose a novel filtering technique for Internet servers to weed out spoofed IP packets. By clustering address prefixes based on hop-counts, Hop-Count Filtering (HCF) builds an accurate IP to hop-count (IP2HC) mapping table to detect and discard spoofed IP packets. Through analysis using network measurement data, we show that HCF can identify and then discard close to 90% of spoofed IP packets with little collateral damage. We implement and evaluate the HCF in the Linux kernel, demonstrating its benefits with experimental measurements.
A Unique Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase in Arabidopsis Glucose Signaling and Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Functions

Glc has hormone-like functions and controls many vital processes through mostly unknown mechanisms in plants. We report here on the molecular cloning of GLUCOSE INSENSITIVE1 (GIN1) and ABSCISIC ACID DEFICIENT2 (ABA2) which encodes a unique Arabidopsis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1) that functions as a molecular link between nutrient signaling and plant hormone biosynthesis. SDR1 is related to SDR superfamily members involved in retinoid and steroid hormone biosynthesis in mammals and sex determination in maize. Glc antagonizes ethylene signaling by activating ABA2/GIN1 and other abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling genes, which requires Glc and ABA synergistically. Analyses of aba2/gin1 null mutants define dual functions of endogenous ABA in inhibiting the postgermination developmental switch modulated by distinct Glc and osmotic signals and in promoting organ and body size and fertility in the absence of severe stress. SDR1 is sufficient for the multistep conversion of plastid- and carotenoid-derived xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde in the cytosol. The surprisingly restricted spatial and temporal expression of SDR1 suggests the dynamic mobilization of ABA precursors and/or ABA.
Splitting the structured paths in stratified graphs. Application in Natural Language Generation

Abstract The concept of labeled stratified graph (LSG) introduces some method of knowledge representation. The inference process developed for this structures uses the paths of the stratified graphs, an order between the elementary arcs of a path and some results of universal algebras. The order is defined by considering a structured path instead of a regular path. The application described in this paper interprets the symbolic elements of a LSG with natural language constructions. In this manner we obtained a mechanism for generation coherent texts in a natural language (for this approach, Romanian). The generation method is based on labeled stratified graph representation and the inference mechanism is guided by the structured paths of these representations.
An XML-based framework for rapid development of interoperable trading systems

Trading systems are used widely in the financial industry. A trading system must implement the complex business process correctly, and provide good interoperability with clients and legacy systems in different organizations. In addition, it has to be highly scalable and reliable. How to develop a trading system that meets all these requirements with low cost is a challenging problem. In this paper we present our experience on building an XML-based framework for rapid development of such systems with guaranteed correctness, reliability, scalability, and good interoperability. We focus our discussion on the following aspects: (1) Business process modeling. (2) Data modeling. (3) Performance and interoperability.
Tools & methods for software effort estimation using use case points model — A review

Software effort estimation is primary requisite in software development life cycle. Most of the software projects failed due to inaccurate effort estimation. So, to overcome this shortcoming many techniques were introduced in past by various researchers. There are many techniques exists for estimating the software project effort such as learning oriented, model based and expert based techniques. This paper represents review on various techniques used for effort estimation but main focus is on the tools and frameworks developed for efforts estimation which based on Use Case Point (UCP) model. These tools come up with extra features such as consider more factors that may affect project delivery and ability to give better estimate than existing one.
STABILIZING CLOUD FEEDBACK DRAMATICALLY EXPANDS THE HABITABLE ZONE OF TIDALLY LOCKED PLANETS

The habitable zone (HZ) is the circumstellar region where a planet can sustain surface liquid water. Searching for terrestrial planets in the HZ of nearby stars is the stated goal of ongoing and planned extrasolar planet surveys. Previous estimates of the inner edge of the HZ were based on one-dimensional radiative-convective models. The most serious limitation of these models is the inability to predict cloud behavior. Here we use global climate models with sophisticated cloud schemes to show that due to a stabilizing cloud feedback, tidally locked planets can be habitable at twice the stellar flux found by previous studies. This dramatically expands the HZ and roughly doubles the frequency of habitable planets orbiting red dwarf stars. At high stellar flux, strong convection produces thick water clouds near the substellar location that greatly increase the planetary albedo and reduce surface temperatures. Higher insolation produces stronger substellar convection and therefore higher albedo, making this phenomenon a stabilizing climate feedback. Substellar clouds also effectively block outgoing radiation from the surface, reducing or even completely reversing the thermal emission contrast between dayside and nightside. The presence of substellar water clouds and the resulting clement surface conditions will therefore be detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope.