Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.

An enzymatic method is described for determination of total serum cholesterol by use of a single aqueous reagent. The method requires no prior treatment of sample and the calibration curve is linear to 600 mg/dl. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol by cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The free cholesterol produced is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to cholest-4-en-3-one with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a chromogen with maximum absorption at 500 nm. The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by automated Liebermann—Burchard procedures (AA-2 and SMA 12/60) and the method of Abell et al. The present method affords better specificity than those previously reported and has excellent precision.
Cloth pattern recognition with four features (RSSM)

Automatic clothing pattern recognition is a challenging research problem due to rotation, scaling, illumination, and especially large intra-class pattern variations. This paper recognizes clothing patterns in four categories (plaid, striped, pattern-less, and irregular) and identifies clothing colors. To recognize clothing patterns, we propose a novel Radon Transform Descriptor (RTD), Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Mathematical Morphology (MM) based global feature and a schema to extract Statistical Descriptor (STA) to capture global features of clothing patterns. They all are combined to recognize complex clothing patterns. Our approach achieves 96% recognition accuracy which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art texture analysis methods on clothing pattern recognition.
Basic Science and Immunobiology Report Structure and function of JC virus T 0 proteins

The initial sequence analyses of the primate polyomavirus genomes conrmed the identity of 2 proteins, the large and small tumor antigens (TAg and tAg), encoded by the viral early regions. These multifunctional regulatory proteins are translated from transcripts generated by alternative splicing of the viral early mRNA. TAg, and to a lesser extent tAg, mediates viral DNA replication and oncogenic activities. Over a decade after the publication of the simian virus 40 (SV40), JC virus (JCV), and BK virus (BKV) genetic maps, additional early proteins were discovered that are products of transcripts that undergo further processing of each virus’ precursor early mRNAs (Figure 1). There are good reasons to predict that these “truncated” versions of TAg contribute to the pathogenic and oncogenic potential of the viruses that produce them. For example, these proteins are conserved in polyomaviruses of mice, monkeys, and humans, expressed in signicant amounts in cells infected by JCV and BKV, and encoded by sequences overlapping the amino-terminal functional domains of T/tAgs. This paper focuses on the functional analysis of three of these proteins, T135, T136, and T 0 165, produced by JCV. Also included are a summary of their discovery, structure, and interactions with cellular tumor suppressor and chaperone proteins.
Table-lookup methods for improved performance-driven routing

The inaccuracy of Elmore delay for interconnect delay estimation is well-documented. However it remains a popular delay measure to drive performance optimization procedures such as wire-sizing and topology construction. This paper studies the merits of incorporating "better-than-Elmore" delay measures into the optimization process. The proposed delay metrics use a table-lookup method to incorporate better load modeling and approximate the effect of signal slew. We demonstrate that the proposed metrics exhibit a much narrower error distribution than Elmore delay, eliminating Elmore's frequent gross delay over-estimation. Finally we show the improvement in solution quality which can be had by incorporating the new metrics into a timing driven topology construction algorithm.
Self-Organizing Systems: New Trends in Architectures and Performance Modeling

PREFACE Self-organization plays a key architectural role for the future Internet. Self-organization will enhance flexibility and evolvability of organically growing, large-scale distributed systems, e.g., of large-scale pervasive computing systems such as wireless sensor networks. These statements could be proved by the technical program of the IWSOS 2006. Sixteen high-quality papers were selected by a thorough review process out of more than 70 submissions from 21 different countries. The technical program of the IWSOS 2006 was particularly covering application-oriented topics like: the dynamics of structured and unstructured overlays; self-organization in grids, peer-to-peer networks, wireless environments, and autonomic computing; and the application of self-organization for enhancing network management and routing. The program of the IWSOS 2006 has been supplemented, besides the social events and tutorials, by a poster session on the role of “Self-Organization in European Next Generation Internet”and also by a Technical Discussion on “Performance Modeling of Self-Organizing Systems” . The two parts of the technical report on hand is used to make the contributions to the poster session (Part I) and technical discussion (Part II) available to a broader community.
Label-Free, All-Optical Detection, Imaging, and Tracking of a Single Protein

Optical detection of individual proteins requires fluorescent labeling. Cavity and plasmonic methodologies enhance single molecule signatures in the absence of any labels but have struggled to demonstrate routine and quantitative single protein detection. Here, we used interferometric scattering microscopy not only to detect but also to image and nanometrically track the motion of single myosin 5a heavy meromyosin molecules without the use of labels or any nanoscopic amplification. Together with the simple experimental arrangement, an intrinsic independence from strong electronic transition dipoles and a detection limit of <60 kDa, our approach paves the way toward nonresonant, label-free sensing and imaging of nanoscopic objects down to the single protein level.
Reliability and validity of a single-item measure of presence in VR

Measuring presence reliably and with minimal intrusion manner is not easy. The present study reports on six studies that have validated a measure of presence consisting of only one item. The content, face validity, test-retest, convergent and divergent validity as well as sensitivity were all confirming reliability and validity of a single-item measure.
Effect of Thread Level Parallelism on the Performance of Optimum Architecture for Embedded Applications

According to the increasing complexity of network application and internet traffic, network processor as a subset of embedded processors have to process more computation intensive tasks. By scaling down the feature size and emersion of chip multiprocessors (CMP) that are usually multi-thread processors, the performance requirements are somehow guaranteed. As multithread processors are the heir of uni-thread processors and there isn't any general design flow to design a multithread embedded processor, in this paper we perform a comprehensive design space exploration for an optimum uni-thread embedded processor based on the limited area and power budgets. Finally we run multiple threads on this architecture to find out the maximum thread level parallelism (TLP) based on performance per power and area optimum uni-thread architecture.
Conceptual design of a social robot for pediatric hospitals

No-one likes being confined to a hospital bed. Children particularly can feel lonely, bored or frightened in these conditions. Hours feel like days, and they may not be able to fully comprehend why they are there. Among kids hospitalized because of distinct diseases, children with cancer have incomparable status and needs. They experience physical and mental problems caused by cancer and medications. Cancer treatment may cause distress which can lessen the effectiveness of the treatment. Utilizing social robots to interact with children in clinical environments has been verified to both diminish their distress level and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment process. To improve the quality of life for children with cancer during the treatment process, a social robot named “Dr. Arash” has been designed for pediatric hospitals. This social robot is able to move around in various areas of the hospital and interact with children in order to answer their questions, to motivate, to entertain, to help relieve their physical sufferings and distress, and to enhance their cooperation with the clinical staff.
Facilitating the generalized Lorentzian kernel function for fuzzy c-means clustering

Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is considered as suitable algorithm for data clustering. However, the FCM has considerable trouble in a noisy environment and are inaccurate with large numbers of different sample sized clusters, because of its Euclidean distance measure objective function for finding the relationship between the objects. Those drawbacks can be solved by the Gaussian kernel mapping of the Alternative FCM (AFCM). This paper realized the drawbacks of AFCM and introduced a generalized Lorentzian kernel function for fuzzy c-means clustering. Experiments are performed with artificially generated data and then the proposed methods can be implemented to cluster the Iris database into three clusters for the classes iris setosa, iris versicolour and iris virginica. Experimental results show, the Generalized Lorentzian Fuzzy c-means (GLFCM) can cluster data with outliers and unequal sized clusters. The GLFCM yields better cluster than K-means (KM), FCM, Alternative fuzzy c-means (AFCM), Gustafson-Kessel (GK) and Gath-Geva (GG). It takes less iteration than that of AFCM to converge. Its partition index (SC) is better than the others.
Selective low temperature microcap packaging technique through flip chip and wafer level alignment

In this study, a new technique of selective microcap bonding for packaging 3-D MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) devices is presented. Microcap bonding on a selected area of the host wafer was successfully demonstrated through flip chip and wafer level alignment. A passivation treatment was developed to separate the microcap from the carrier wafer. A thick metal nickel (Ni) microcap was fabricated by an electroplating process. Its stiffness is superior to that of thin film poly-silicon made by the surface micromachining technique. For the selective microcap packaging process, photo definable materials served as the intermediate adhesive layer between the host wafer and the metal microcap on the carrier wafer. Several types of photo definable material used as the adhesive layer were tested and characterized for bonding strength. The experimental result shows that excellent bonding strength at low bonding temperature can be achieved.
Exploring the processing costs of the "exactly" and "at least" readings of bare numerals with event-related brain potentials

Bare numerals (e.g. two) seem to be ambiguous between two readings: the exactly and the at least reading. We present an ERP study that explores this issue. We show that the pattern of the ERPs elicited by critical nouns in sentences with unembedded bare numerals depends on the participant’s choice of the reading of the numeral. For those responders who consistently apply the exactly reading in their truth-value judgement, sentences that are true only under the at least reading are associated with a sustained negativity effect compared to sentences that are true also under the exactly reading. However, no such effect is evident for the responders who apply the at least interpretation. We argue that this result falsifies the exactly-theory of numerals and speaks in favor of the ambiguity account.
Optimizing drugs to reach treatment targets for children and adolescents living with HIV

As the global community makes progress towards the 90‐90‐90 targets by 2020, a key challenge is ensuring that antiretroviral drugs for children and adolescents are suitable to the context of resource‐limited settings. Drug optimization aims to support the expanded use of more simplified, less toxic drug regimens with high barriers to drug resistance that require minimal clinical monitoring while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. This manuscript summarizes the progress made and outlines further critical steps required to ensure that the right drugs are available to start children and adolescents on treatment and to keep them virologically suppressed.
Erect of regularity-enhanced layout on printability and circuit performance of standard cells

As the minimum feature size shrinks down far below sub-wavelength, Restricted Design Rule(RDR) or layout regularity plays an important role for maintaining pattern fidelity in photo lithography. However, it also incurs overheads in layout area and circuit performances. Therefore it is important to find an appropriate level of regularity that gives the best trade-or among manufacturability, cost, and performance for each process technology. This paper discusses the erect of layout regularity on printability and circuit performance in 90¿45nm processes by lithography simulation and real chip measurement. It is shown that we can focus more on circuit performance with less on layout regularity in a 90nm process while adequate amount of regularity is imperative for ensuring proper amount of lithographic process windows in a 45nm process. We demonstrate the quantitative evaluation of the trade-or between printability and circuit performance of regularity-enhanced standard cells.
Pragmatic model-driven software development from the viewpoint of a programmer: Teaching experience

Model-driven software development is surrounded by numerous myths and misunderstandings that hamper its adoption. We have designed our course of model-driven development approach with the goal to introduce it from the viewpoint of a programmer as a pragmatic tool for solving concrete problems in development process. The course covers several techniques and principles of model-driven development instead of concentrating on a single tool. To explain these techniques we use a case-study that is iteratively developed by the students during the course. In the paper we explain the structure of our case study, contents of individual iterations, and our overall experience with this approach.
A 60 GHz Analog Phase Shifter in 65 nm Bulk CMOS Process

A 60 GHz Analog Phase Shifter in 65nm bulk CMOS process has been explored for microwave frequency applications. It is an analog phase shifter with three transistors in the form of an active circulator and a LC network to attain the desired phase shift. This phase shifter is designed to work at a high frequency of 60 GHz to attain phase shift range of 140 o . The proposed phase shifter works at supply voltage lower than 2.5 V. The phase shifter exhibits low insertion loss of 3.73 dB and low power consumption which is a challenging result for circuits working in microwave frequencies.
Dimension Reduction of Health Data Clustering

The current data tends to be more complex than conventional data and need dimension reduction. Dimension reduction is important in cluster analysis and creates a smaller data in volume and has the same analytical results as the original representation. A clustering process needs data reduction to obtain an efficient processing time while clustering and mitigate curse of dimensionality. This paper proposes a model for extracting multidimensional data clustering of health database. We implemented four dimension reduction techniques such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Self Organizing Map (SOM) and FastICA. The results show that dimension reductions significantly reduce dimension and shorten processing time and also increased performance of cluster in several health datasets.
Multiple Nuclei Tracking Using Integer Programming for Quantitative Cancer Cell Cycle Analysis

Automated cell segmentation and tracking are critical for quantitative analysis of cell cycle behavior using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. However, the complex, dynamic cell cycle behavior poses new challenges to the existing image segmentation and tracking methods. This paper presents a fully automated tracking method for quantitative cell cycle analysis. In the proposed tracking method, we introduce a neighboring graph to characterize the spatial distribution of neighboring nuclei, and a novel dissimilarity measure is designed based on the spatial distribution, nuclei morphological appearance, migration, and intensity information. Then, we employ the integer programming and division matching strategy, together with the novel dissimilarity measure, to track cell nuclei. We applied this new tracking method for the tracking of HeLa cancer cells over several cell cycles, and the validation results showed that the high accuracy for segmentation and tracking at 99.5% and 90.0%, respectively. The tracking method has been implemented in the cell-cycle analysis software package, DCELLIQ, which is freely available.
A nash power-aware MAC game for ad hoc wireless networks

In this paper, a distributed power-aware medium access control (MAC) algorithm for ad hoc wireless networks is presented. The algorithm is developed based on proposing a power-aware MAC game which is analyzed in the game theory framework. The aim is to adjust each active link persistence probability and power by maximizing a defined local link payoff function. The payoff function is such that its selfish maximization at the links leads to an efficient use of medium resources and has two terms. The first term is the link utility while the second one reflects the cost of using the medium resources. The existence and uniqueness of the game Nash equilibrium are investigated analytically. Also, it is shown that this equilibrium is Pareto optimal indicating its efficiency. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the algorithm and are compared to a scenario in which only powers are tuned. This results emphasize that the link persistence and power should be adjusted simultaneously according to the link location in ad hoc networks.
Three New Regulators of Swarming in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT Movement on surfaces, or swarming motility, is effectively mediated by the lateral flagellar (laf) system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Expression of laf is induced by conditions inhibiting rotation of the polar flagellum, which is used for swimming in liquid. However, not all V. parahaemolyticus isolates swarm proficiently. The organism undergoes phase variation between opaque (OP) and translucent (TR) cell types. The OP cell produces copious capsular polysaccharide and swarms poorly, whereas the TR type produces minimal capsule and swarms readily. OP↔TR switching is often the result of genetic alterations in the opaR locus. Previously, OpaR, a Vibrio harveyi LuxR homolog, was shown to activate expression of the cpsA locus, encoding capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Here, we show that OpaR also regulates swarming by repressing laf gene expression. However, in the absence of OpaR, the swarming phenotype remains tightly surface regulated. To further investigate the genetic controls governing swarming, transposon mutagenesis of a TR (ΔopaR1) strain was performed, and SwrT, a TetR-type regulator, was identified. Loss of swrT, a homolog of V. harveyi luxT, created a profound defect in swarming. This defect could be rescued upon isolation of suppressor mutations that restored swarming. One class of suppressors mapped in swrZ, encoding a GntR-type transcriptional regulator. Overexpression of swrZ repressed laf expression. Using reporter fusions and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, SwrT was demonstrated to repress swrZ transcription. Thus, we have identified the regulatory link that inhibits swarming of OP strains and have begun to elucidate a regulatory circuit that modulates swarming in TR strains.
D Np 63 knockout mice reveal its indispensable role as a master regulator of epithelial development and differentiation

INTRODUCTION The epidermis develops from a single layer of ectodermal progenitor cells through a tightly regulated series of events occurring during embryonic development. In mice, this process is initiated at about embryonic day (E) 8.5 to E9.5, when the cells of the surface ectoderm, which express keratin 8 (K8) and K18, are specified to an epidermal cell fate and switch to express a different set of keratin proteins, K5 and K14 (Fuchs, 2007; Koster and Roop, 2007; Nagarajan et al., 2008). After this initial commitment step, the newly formed basal layer receives instructive developmental cues to form the spinous layer. This stage is marked by the expression of differentiation markers K1 and K10 and occurs at ~E15.5. Subsequently, at E16.5, this program continues and markers of late differentiation, such as loricrin, are expressed in the outermost cells representing the granular layer. Epidermal differentiation nears completion with the expression of filaggrin at E17.5 and the generation of corneocytes. Finally, by E18.5, the epidermis is a fully mature, stratified squamous epithelium with complete barrier function (Candi et al., 2005). This entire process
GA‐Based Multi‐Objective Optimization for Retrofit Design on a Multi‐Core PC Cluster

This article presents a distributed nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) for optimal seismic retrofit design using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) on a cluster of multi‐core PCs. In the formulation, two conflicting objective functions of the initial BRB installation cost required for seismic retrofitting and damage cost that can be incurred by earthquakes expected during the life cycle of the structure were minimized. Because time‐consuming nonlinear structural analyses are required for fitness evaluations of individuals in every generation, parallelism at candidate design level or individual level is exploited by assigning fitness evaluations for individuals to slave core processors evenly. The distributed algorithm is applied to seismic retrofit design of 2D steel frame structure and 3D irregular reinforced concrete structure. The performance of the distributed NSGA‐II was assessed based on three criteria: convergence of the distributed algorithm, efficiency of distributed computing, and quality of optimal solutions. Implementation of the distributed algorithm on the multi‐core cluster consisting of up to 64 core processors resulted in relatively high speedups or efficiencies of the distributed optimization without deteriorating the quality of the optimal solutions.
Expressive anatomical illustrations based on scanned patient data

The art and profession of medical illustration depend not only on the talent and skills of an illustrator, but also on the complimentary knowledge of human anatomy. Therefore, anatomical illustrations were mostly based on comprehensive dissections and observations during surgery. Recently, illustrative visualization techniques have been utilized to illustrate features and shapes of anatomical objects. Thereby, illustrative visualization provides representations that highlight relevant features, while deemphasizing irrelevant details. However, anatomical illustrations usually include multiple neighboring structures, which increases the complexity of the illustration problem, as the relationship between multiple organs still remains difficult to convey. In this paper, we present an approach for the combined illustrative visualization of multiple anatomical structures based on scanned patient data. To enhance the expressiveness, we incorporate multiple stylized rendering and shading techniques, and propose strategies for tuning object attributes (such as color, opacity, and silhouette), which allows to better perceive the spatial relationship between objects as well as to draw the focus to targeted structures.