Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Striatal mitochondria in subjects with chronic undifferentiated vs. chronic paranoid schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of symptoms, risk factors, and etiology. Abnormalities in mitochondria, the energy‐producing organelles of the cell, have been observed in mixed cohorts of subjects with SZ. The purpose of the present study was to determine if striatal mitochondria were differentially affected in two different DSM‐IV subgroups of SZ. Postmortem striatal tissue was examined from normal controls (NC), chronic paranoid SZs (SZP), and chronic undifferentiated SZs (SZU). Tissue was processed for calbindin immunohistochemistry to identify striosomal compartments, prepared for electron microscopy and analyzed using stereological methods. In both caudate and putamen, the density of mitochondria in the neuropil was decreased in SZP compared to both NCs and SZU. In the putamen, both the SZP and the SZU subgroups had fewer mitochondria per synapse than did NCs. When examining patch matrix compartments, striatal compartments associated with different circuitry and function, only the matrix exhibited changes. In the caudate matrix, the SZP subgroup had fewer mitochondria in the neuropil than did the SZU and NCs. In the putamen matrix, the SZP had fewer mitochondria in the neuropil as compared to NCs, but not the SZU. The numbers of mitochondria per synapse in both the SZP and the SZU groups were similar to each other and fewer than that of NCs. A decrease in mitochondrial density in the neuropil distinguishes the SZP from the SZU subgroup, which could be associated with the symptoms of paranoia and/or could represent a protective mechanism against some of the symptoms that are less pronounced in this subtype than in the SZU subgroup such as cognitive and emotional deficits. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesion G‐protein coupled receptors and extracellular matrix proteins: Roles in myelination and glial cell development

Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a large family of transmembrane proteins that play important roles in many processes during development, primarily through cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In the nervous system, they have been linked to the complex process of myelination, both in the central and peripheral nervous system. GPR126 is essential in Schwann cell‐mediated myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), while GPR56 is involved in oligodendrocyte development central nervous system (CNS) myelination. VLGR1 is another aGPCR that is associated with the expression of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) which has inhibitory effects on the process of nerve repair. The ECM is composed of a vast array of structural proteins, three of which interact specifically with aGPCRs: collagen III/GPR56, collagen IV/GPR126, and laminin‐211/GPR126. As druggable targets, aGPCRs are valuable in their ability to unlock treatment for a wide variety of currently debilitating myelin disorders. Developmental Dynamics 246:275–284, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between Estrogen Receptor-α Gene XbaI and PvuII Polymorphisms and Periodontitis Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis

Background. Certain studies have previously explored the association between the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) gene polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility, although the current results are controversial. The present study, using meta-analysis, aimed to investigate the nature of the genetic susceptibility of the ER-α for developing periodontitis. Methods. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases was conducted up to January 8, 2015. Statistical manipulation was performed using Stata version 13.0 software. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confident intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association in five genetic models. Results. A total of 17 eligible case-control studies from seven identified publications consisting of nine studies for the XbaI polymorphism and eight studies for the PvuII polymorphism were included in the meta-analysis. We found elevated risk of periodontitis in XbaI XX genotype carriers. Moreover, subgroup analyses demonstrated increased risk for chronic periodontitis of XbaI XX genotype carriers, specifically in the Chinese Han female population. No significant association was observed between PvuII polymorphism and periodontitis. Conclusion. Current evidence indicated that the homozygote (XX) genotype of ER-α gene XbaI polymorphism, but not PvuII mutation, may increase the risk of chronic periodontitis, specifically in the Chinese Han female population.
Reproducibility of the cycling time to exhaustion at .VO2peak in highly trained cyclists.

The purpose of the present study was to examine, in highly trained cyclists, the reproducibility of cycling time to exhaustion (T(max)) at the power output equal to that attained at peak oxygen uptake (.VO2peak) during a progressive exercise test. Forty-three highly trained male cyclists (M +/- SD; age = 25 +/- 6 yrs; weight = 75 +/- 7 kg; .VO2peak = 64.8 +/- 5.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) performed two T(max) tests one week apart. While the two measures of T(max) were strongly related (r = 0.884; p < 0.001), T(max) from the second test (245 +/- 57 s) was significantly higher than that of the first (237 +/- 57 s; p = 0.047; two-tailed). Within-subject variability in the present study was calculated to be 6 +/- 6%, which was lower than that previously reported for T(max) in sub-elite runners (25%). The mean T(max) was significantly (p < 0.05) related to both the second ventilatory turnpoint (VT(2); r = 0.38) and to . VO2peak (r = 0.34). Despite a relatively low within-subject coefficient of variation, these data demonstrate that the second score in a series of two T(max) tests may be significantly greater than the first. Moreover, the present data show that T(max) in highly trained cyclists is moderately related to VT(2) and . VO2peak.
Dose-finding study and pharmacokinetics of epirubicin and paclitaxel over 3 hours: a regimen with high activity and low cardiotoxicity in advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of paclitaxel over 3 hours with a fixed dose of epirubicin, to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics of this combination, and to evaluate the toxicity and the activity in previously untreated metastatic breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with metastatic breast cancer, measurable disease, and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were eligible. Epirubicin was administered as an intravenous (I.V.) bolus at the fixed dose of 90 mg/m2 before the infusion of paclitaxel over 3 hours. The initial dose of paclitaxel was 135 mg/m2 and was increased by 20 mg/m2 in subsequent cohorts of six patients until dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and epirubicin was performed at cycle 1 in at least two patients per dose level of paclitaxel (175 up to 225 mg/m2). RESULTS The DLT of this combination was febrile neutropenia in two of eight patients who received paclitaxel at 225 mg/m2. The mean peak plasma concentration of paclitaxel ranged between 5.1 and 6.2 micromol/L at doses of 175 to 225 mg/m2. The concentration of epirubicinol decreased from 47.3 +/- 9.4 to 37.9 +/- 7.5 ng/mL in patients treated with paclitaxel 175 and 225 mg/m2. The most relevant toxicity was grade 4 neutropenia (61% of all courses). The pharmacokinetic data of paclitaxel, in particular the time above the threshold level of 0.05 micromol/L, were not significantly related to myelosuppression. Cardiac toxicity was mild: three patients (6%) developed mild congestive heart failure that was responsive to therapy. Among 49 assessable patients, 41 responses (84%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 70% to 92%) were observed, and nine (18%) of these were complete. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that (1) the MTD is epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 200 mg/m2; (2) no clear relationship exists between pharmacokinetic data of paclitaxel and myelosuppression, while the increase in the dose of paclitaxel is associated with a reduction in epirubicinol plasma levels; and (3) the association is feasible, with low cardiotoxicity, and has a high activity in metastatic breast cancer.
Molecular behavior of mutant Lewis enzymes in vivo.

The expression of type-1 Lewis antigens on erythrocytes and in digestive organs is determined by a Lewis type alpha(1,3/1, 4)-fucosyltransferase (Lewis enzyme) encoded by the Fuc-TIII gene ( FUT3 gene; Lewis gene). We have classified the Lewis alleles in the Japanese population into four types, the wild-type allele ( Le ) and three mutated alleles, i.e., le1, which has missense mutations T59G and G508A, le2, which has T59G and T1067A, and le3, which has only T59G. Here we carried out an extensive study on the biological properties of the three mutant Lewis enzymes, the le1, le2, and le3 enzymes, using native tissues and obtained the following results. (1) In in vivo and in vitro experiments, the le1 and le2 enzymes were found to be susceptible to protease digestion probably because the one missense mutation in the catalytic domains, i.e., Gly170 to Ser in the le1 enzyme and Ile356 to Lys in the le2 enzyme, makes the three-dimensional structures of the enzymesunstable, while the le3 and wild-type Lewis enzymes wereresistant to protease digestion. (2) The le1 and le2 enzymes cannot synthesize type 1 Lewis antigens on either glycolipids or mucins. The le3 enzyme cannot synthesize Lewis-active glycolipids, which result in the Lewis antigen-negative phenotype of erythrocytes, while it can synthesize Lewis antigens on mucins in normal and cancerous colon tissues. The missense mutation, Leu20 to Arg, in the transmembrane domain reduces retention of the le3 enzyme in the Golgi membrane resulting in an apparent reduction of enzyme activity as revealed by the lack of Lewis antigen synthesis. (3) The Lewis gene dosage actually has effects in vivo on the amount of the Lewis enzyme, its activity, and finally the amounts of Lewis carbohydrate antigens. This is the first article that clearly demonstrates the gene dosage effects on the amount of the glycosyltransferase protein, its activity, and the amounts of carbohydrate products in vivo.
G-protein-effector coupling: a real-time light-scattering assay for transducin-phosphodiesterase interaction.

We describe a real-time assay for the interaction of the G-protein of retinal rods, transducin (Gt), with its effector, cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). The purified proteins were recombined with isolated rod disk membranes. Reactions were triggered by flash photolysis of the receptor rhodopsin, and monitored by changes of near-infrared light scattering (LS signals). PDE-related LS signals from membrane preparations have been described by others [Caretta, A. , & Stein, P. J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 2335-2341; Bennett, N. , & Clerc, A. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 1858-1866]. In the present study, the previous overall light-scattering (turbidity) approach was improved by a specific optical setup and millisecond time resolution. This allowed isolation of a fast "PDE signal" which monitors Gt-PDE interaction on the membrane and in real time. The assignment to the reaction is made by the following observations: (i) preactivation of PDE by purified G alpha GTP gamma S gradually suppresses the signal; (ii) the peak amplitude of the signal is stoichiometric with respect to both Gt and PDE; and (iii) the rise and delay time fit into a kinetic model for a reaction of activated Gt (G*). A comparative investigation, relating the PDE signal with Gt activation and PDE enzymatic activity, led to the following results: (i) the apparent dissociation constant for the interaction of G* with the first binding site on membrane-bound PDE is less than 2.5 nM; (ii) the time interval between formation of G* and its interaction with PDE is less than 5 ms; (iii) membrane-bound PDE, even in its preactivated form, slows the release of G* from the membrane. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Sunburn Pain Model: The Stability of Primary and Secondary Hyperalgesia Over 10 Hours in a Crossover Setting

It was our aim to study the within-day stability and between-day repeatability of ultraviolet B (UVB) light-induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia over 10 h. Twenty hours after UVB irradiation of a skin spot (r = 2.5 cm) on the upper leg of 8 healthy volunteers the areas of secondary hyperalgesia to pinprick and pain tolerance thresholds to heat (HPTT) and electrical stimuli (5 and 250 Hz, electrical pain tolerance thresholds [EPTT]) were assessed. Measurements were repeated for 10 h at 2-h intervals and in 2 different sessions. Large areas of secondary hyperalgesia to pin prick were observed (5995 mm2; sd, 1645). Primary hyperalgesia was evidenced by significant decreases of HPTT (mean difference, 6.5°C; 95% confidence interval, 6.1–6.8; P < 0.001) and EPTT at 250 Hz (mean difference, 0.45 mA; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.78; P < 0.05) compared to normal skin. There was no trend within one session of either primary (P = 0.14 for HPTT) or secondary hyperalgesia (P = 0.95) and no difference between the two sessions (primary hyperalgesia, P = 0.28; secondary hyperalgesia, P = 0.07). The sunburn pain model provides a long time course of stable hyperalgesia with a high within-day stability and between-day repeatability for primary and secondary hyperalgesia
Effects of Augmented-Reality-Based Exercise on Muscle Parameters, Physical Performance, and Exercise Self-Efficacy for Older Adults

This study was intended to determine the applicability of an augmented-reality-based muscle reduction prevention exercise program for elderly Korean women by observing changes in exercise self-efficacy and verifying the effectiveness of the program in the elderly after the application of the program. A total of 27 participants, who were elderly women aged 65+ and had not participated in any exercise programs until this study, were recruited for this study. They were divided into an experimental group (13 people) and a control group (14 people), and then the augmented-reality-based muscle reduction prevention exercise program was applied. This was a 30-min program, which included regular, aerobic, and flexibility exercises, and it was applied 5 times a week for 12 weeks. As a result of observing changes, it was found that the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (F = 11.222, p < 0.002) and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) (kg/m2) (F = 10.874, p < 0.003) muscle parameters increased more in the experimental group compared to the control group, and there was a significant increase in gait speed (m/s) (F = 7.221, p < 0.005). For physical performance, as a result of conducting the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), a significant change was observed in the chair stand test (F = 5.110, p < 0.033), 2-min step test (2MST) (F = 6.621, p < 0.020), and the timed up-and-go test (TUG) (F = 5.110, p < 0.032) and a significant increase was also observed for exercise self-efficacy (F = 20.464, p < 0.001). Finally, the augmented-reality-based exercise program in this study was found to be effective in inducing physical activity in the elderly. Therefore, the augmented-reality-based muscle reduction prevention exercise program is considered to be effective in increasing the sustainability of exercise, thus preventing muscle reduction in the elderly.
A wireless system for combined heart optogenetics and electrocardiography recording

This paper presents a new wireless device for performing combined heart optogenetics and electrocardiography (ECG) recording. While optogenetics is extensively used in brain research, the designed prototype aims at expanding this ground-breaking experimental approach to research and applications on heart diseases. Such a system has a multitude of applications ranging from laboratory research to the development of non-invasive optogenetic pacemaker with ECG feedback for heart resynchronization. The proposed prototype is designed for experimental research with small freely moving animals enabling photo-stimulation of genetically modified cells using three different wavelengths (470, 615 and 625 nm) with four intensities by varying LED driving currents between 79 and 198 mA for a maximum optical power of 208.5 mW. The system can record the heart ECG through four electrodes positioned as specified by the Einthoven's triangle. It is controlled wirelessly through a host computer where the recorded data can be displayed in real-time. The device weights 1.12 g without battery and has an autonomy of 3 hours of continuous stimulation and recording using a 100-mAh battery. Results from in-vivo trials with laboratory mice show that the system can successfully record ECG.
Power system harmonic analysis using state-estimation method for Japanese field data

The harmonic state-estimation (HSE) method appears to be effective but its applicability has yet been fully verified using actual data in power systems. Particularly in Japan, there has been no verification of the applicability of the method in actual power systems. In this paper, for Japanese field data synchronized with a Global Positioning System (GPS) clock, a practical method for power system harmonic analysis is proposed, which is based on HSE. In the proposed method, in order to improve the precision of HSE, uncertain parameters R, X, and Y of the transmission lines are determined from measured fundamental data, and bad measured harmonic data excluded systematically. It is also possible to estimate the error of each measurement instrument by using HSE. It is confirmed that by using only partial and selected measurement data synchronized with a GPS clock, the entire harmonic distribution of the actual power system has been obtained effectively. In this paper, field-test results of the HSE on an actual Japanese power system are shown. Furthermore, an example of harmonic analysis based on HSE in the actual power system is presented, which is prediction of harmonic voltage distribution after a change of the actual power system configuration.
Rotation and interaction with epoxide hydrase of cytochrome P-450 in proteoliposomes.

Purified rat liver cytochrome P-450MC or P-450PB was co-reconstituted with epoxide hydrase in liposomal vesicles made of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine at a lipid to protein weight ratio of 5 by the cholate dialysis procedure. Rotational diffusion of the cytochromes was measured by observing the decay of absorption anisotropy, r(t), after photolysis of the heme.CO complex by a vertically polarized laser flash. Analysis of r(t) was based on a "rotation-about-membrane-normal" model. The measurements were used to investigate interactions of cytochrome P-450MC or P-450PB with epoxide hydrase. Different rotational mobilities of the two cytochromes were observed. The amount of mobile molecules was 78% for cytochrome P-450MC and 91% for P-450PB, and the rest was immobile within the experimental time range of 1 ms. In the presence of epoxide hydrase 85% of cytochrome P-450MC and 96% of P-450PB were mobile. Cross-linking of epoxide hydrase by anti-epoxide hydrase antibodies resulted in a drastic immobilization of the cytochromes, reducing the mobile population to 49% for P-450MC and to 60% for P-450PB. The rotational relaxation times phi of the mobile populations ranged from 210 to 283 microseconds. These results imply that both cytochromes P-450MC and P-450PB transiently associate with epoxide hydrase in liposomal membranes. Further analysis of the data showed that the angle between the heme plane of P-450MC and the membrane is 48 degrees or 62 degrees, different from the value of 55 degrees reported previously for P-450PB (Gut, J., Richter, C., Cherry, R. J., Winterhalter, K. H., and Kawato, S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8588-8594).
Cambridge paperback guide to literature in English

Derived from the parent Guide to Literature in English, this volume offers in concise form over 4,000 entries on literature in English from cultures throughout the world. Writers and major works from the UK and the USA are represented, as are those from Canada, the Caribbean, Australia, India, and Africa. The coverage is broad - from the classics of English literature to the best of modern writing. Additionally, the Guide has a wealth of entries on literary movements, groups or schools in literature and criticism, literary magazines, genres and sub-genres, critical concepts, and rhetorical terms.
Detailed transcription map of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus

We studied the transcription program of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) by using a combination of cDNA cloning and sequencing, primer extension, and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization with splice-specific oligonucleotides. The 4.8-kilobase ADV genome was transcribed in the rightward direction, yielding plus-sense polyadenylated transcripts of 4.3 (R1 RNA), 2.8 (R2), 2.8 (R3), 1.1 (RX), and 0.85 (R2') kilobases. Each RNA transcript had potential translation initiation sites within open reading frames, suggesting protein translation, and a scheme encompassing ADV structural and nonstructural proteins is proposed. Each of the five RNA transcripts had a characteristic set of splices and originated from a promoter at nucleotide 152 (map unit 3 [R1, R2, R2', and RX]) or at nucleotide 1729 (map unit 36 [R3]). The transcripts terminated with a poly(A) tail at one of two positions: either at map unit 53 (R2' and RX) or at map unit 92 (R1, R2, and R3). Similarities with and differences from the transcription maps of other parvoviruses are discussed, and possible roles of the unique features found in ADV transcription are related to the special pathogenic features of this virus.
VIS Parameter Space Analysis Topic Modeling 1 Topic Modeling 2 Comparison Best Performing Model User Feedback + Under-performing Model Matching and Reinforcement Learning Relearned Model

Topic modeling algorithms are widely used to analyze the thematic composition of text corpora but remain difficult to interpret and adjust. Addressing these limitations, we present a modular visual analytics framework, tackling the understandability and adaptability of topic models through a user-driven reinforcement learning process which does not require a deep understanding of the underlying topic modeling algorithms. Given a document corpus, our approach initializes two algorithm configurations based on a parameter space analysis that enhances document separability. We abstract the model complexity in an interactive visual workspace for exploring the automatic matching results of two models, investigating topic summaries, analyzing parameter distributions, and reviewing documents. The main contribution of our work is an iterative decision-making technique in which users provide a document-based relevance feedback that allows the framework to converge to a user-endorsed topic distribution. We also report feedback from a two-stage study which shows that our technique results in topic model quality improvements on two independent measures.