Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study and Implementation of RSA Cryptosystem

This project involves an implementation of the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm in C. It consists of generation of two random prime numbers and a number co- prime to phi(n) also called euler toitent function. These three are used to generate a public key and private key. The user has to enter a message which is encrypted by the public key. The algorithm also decrypts the generated cipher text with the help of the private key and returns the plain text message which was encrypted earlier.
The evolutionary history of the development of the pelvic fin/hindlimb

The arms and legs of man are evolutionarily derived from the paired fins of primitive jawed fish. Few evolutionary changes have attracted as much attention as the origin of tetrapod limbs from the paired fins of ancestral fish. The hindlimbs of tetrapods are derived from the pelvic fins of ancestral fish. These evolutionary origins can be seen in the examination of shared gene and protein expression patterns during the development of pelvic fins and tetrapod hindlimbs. The pelvic fins of fish express key limb positioning, limb bud induction and limb outgrowth genes in a similar manner to that seen in hindlimb development of higher vertebrates. We are now at a point where many of the key players in the development of pelvic fins and vertebrate hindlimbs have been identified and we can now readily examine and compare mechanisms between species. This is yielding fascinating insights into how the developmental programme has altered during evolution and how that relates to anatomical change. The role of pelvic fins has also drastically changed over evolutionary history, from playing a minor role during swimming to developing into robust weight‐bearing limbs. In addition, the pelvic fins/hindlimbs have been lost repeatedly in diverse species over evolutionary time. Here we review the evolution of pelvic fins and hindlimbs within the context of the changes in anatomical structure and the molecular mechanisms involved.
Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Protocol for Multiuser Communication Systems

Cooperative diversity is a promising solution for diversity gain, multiplexing gain and energy saving. This technique involves multiple users sharing resources in order to build a virtual antenna array in a distributed manner. In this paper, we propose multi-user cooperation strategy that allows multiple users to transmit their data simultaneously in decode-and-forward relaying systems. We consider non-orthogonal transmission scenario where users interfere each other. The proposed protocol is well-configured to cope with the interfering scenario. We introduce 3-user cooperation strategy and extend the protocol to arbitrary N-user cooperation strategy. Analytical results show that proposed scheme achieves diversity order of 2 without any loss of multiplexing gain while conventional schemes experience half-loss of multiplexing gain or have several drawbacks. We confirm through computer simulations that the proposed protocols provide higher data rate with more reliability than the conventional schemes.
Superoxide radical: an endogenous toxicant.

The Two Faces of Oxygen Molecular oxygen is both benign and malign. On the one hand it provides enormous advantages and on the other it imposes a universal toxicity. This toxicity is largely due to the intermediates of oxygen reduction, i.e. 0;, H202, and OH·, and any organism that avails itself of the benefits of oxygen does so at the cost of maintaining an elaborate system of defenses against these intermediates. We will here concern ourselves with the superoxide dismutases which, by catalytically scavenging 0;, provide a defense against it and against any reactive radical species which can be derived from it.
Reading Comprehension on the SQuAD Dataset

Reading comprehension is a challenging task for machine learning, since the system must be able to model complex interactions between the question and the context paragraph. For this task, I reimplemented the Bidirectional Attention Flow model and linked the two BiLSTMs in the contextual embed layer. A single model achieved 74.524% F1 and 64.261% EM on the test set. The ensemble of seven models achieved 77.465% F1 and 68.478% EM. The model achieved competitive rank on the class leaderboard, despite having 4% lower score than the original implementation.
TAKING A NARRATIVE APPROACH TO GRIEF RESEARCH: FINDING MEANING IN STORIES

This article explores the concepts of narrative as story, of storytelling, and of the narrative approach to qualitative research.Within this, I will also examine the social nature of narrative and the implications of this for research. I will look at the process of conducting a narrative study and the implications for participation in such a project and for the researcher investigating a phenomenon through this frame. In particular, the need to create stories to make order of disorder and find meaning in the meaningless is particularly relevant to the study of grief. In looking at the process of conducting a narrative study, questions about what can be analyzed and how it might be presented, some strengths and limitations of the narrative approach, and ethical questions also are considered.
Monitoring Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Amyloid-β Immunotherapy Using Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI in a PDAPP Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) have been reported with some anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy trials. They are detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thought to represent transient accumulation of fluid/edema (ARIA-E) or microhemorrhages (ARIA-H). Although the clinical significance and pathophysiology are unknown, it has been proposed that anti-Aβimmunotherapy may affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. OBJECTIVE To examine vascular integrity in aged (12-16 months) PDAPP and wild type mice (WT), we performed a series of longitudinal in vivo MRI studies. METHODS Mice were treated on a weekly basis using anti-Aβimmunotherapy (3D6) and follow up was done longitudinally from 1-12 weeks after treatment. BBB-integrity was assessed using both visual assessment of T1-weighted scans and repeated T1 mapping in combination with gadolinium (Gd-DOTA). RESULTS A subset of 3D6 treated PDAPP mice displayed numerous BBB disruptions, whereas WT and saline-treated PDAPP mice showed intact BBB integrity under the conditions tested. In addition, the contrast induced decrease in T1 value was observed in the meningeal and midline area. BBB disruption events occurred early during treatment (between 1 and 5 weeks), were transient, and resolved quickly. Finally, BBB-leakages associated with microhemorrhages were confirmed by Perls'Prussian blue histopathological analysis. CONCLUSION Our preclinical findings support the hypothesis that 3D6 leads to transient leakage from amyloid-positive vessels. The current study has provided valuable insights on the time course of vascular alterations during immunization treatment and supports further research in relation to the nature of ARIA and the utility of in vivo repeated T1 MRI as a translational tool.
Video event recognition leveraging hierarchy of semantic concepts

A new method for exploiting the semantic hierarchical structure of visual concepts in video event recognition task is proposed in this paper. The visual concepts are detected using the readily available Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structures which make the recognition system extremely efficient in cases with limited hardware resources. The employed CNNs assign scores to each of the predetermined visual concepts in each video frame and the resulting concept scores are fed to the proposed hierarchical post-processing scheme. Our post-processing module takes advantage of the semantic hierarchy of the concepts to enhance the recognition accuracy of event recognition. The hierarchical post-processing works based on the relative shortest distance of concepts specified in Wordnet concept tree and results in a tangible alleviation of uncertainty of the concept scores at the CNN output. The post-processed scores are then delivered to the fine-tuned support vector machine (SVM) classifier to discriminate between the visual event classes. The proposed scheme improves the event recognition accuracy in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP) as demonstrated by the experiments on Columbia Consumer Video (CCV) dataset.
C‐fin: A cultured frog tadpole tail fin biopsy approach for detection of thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals

There is a need for the development of a rapid method for identifying chemicals that disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) action while maintaining complex tissue structure and biological variation. Moreover, no assay to date allows a simultaneous screen of an individual's response to multiple chemicals. A cultured tail fin biopsy or C‐fin assay was developed using Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Multiple tail fin biopsies were taken per tadpole, cultured in serum‐free medium, and then each biopsy was exposed to a different treatment condition. The effects of known disruptors of TH action were evaluated in the C‐fin assay. Chemical exposure was performed ± 10 nM 3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) of two TH‐responsive transcripts, TH receptor β (TRβ) and the Rana larval keratin type I (RLKI), was performed. Within 48 h of exposure to Triac (1‐100 nM), roscovitine (0.6–60 µM), or genistein (1–100 µM), perturbations in TH signaling were detected. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) (10‐1,000 nM) showed no effect. Acetochlor (1–100 nM) elicited a modest effect on the TH‐dependent induction of TRβ transcript. These data reveal that a direct tissue effect may not be critical for TBBPA and acetochlor to disrupt TH action previously observed in intact tadpoles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:380–388. © 2009 SETAC
Range image segmentation based on split-merge clustering

In this paper, we present a split-merge clustering segmentation algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models, which resolves the models by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and seeks model via Bayesian information criterion (BIC). It starts iteratively splitting from a single Gaussian model, then iteratively merging clusters. After convergence of the last stage, the clustering model is selected via a modified BIC and used to gain an initial segmentation, followed by a region merge step to achieve final segmentation. New algorithm was applied to 60 range images acquired by two kinds of range cameras, and got approving results with acceptable computation time.
The completeness and applications of the formal system ℒ*

Since the formal deductive system ℒ* was built up in 1997, in has played important roles in the theoretical and applied research of fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning. But, up to now, the completeness problem of the system ℒ* is still an open problem. In this paper, the properties and structure ofR0 algebras are further studied, and it is shown that every tautology on theR0 interval [0,1] is also a tautology on anyR0 algebra. Furthermore, based on the particular structure of ℒ*-Lindenbaum algebra, the completeness and strong completeness of the system ℒ* are proved. Some applications of the system ℒ* in fuzzy reasoning are also discussed, and the obtained results and examples show that the system ℒ* is suprior to some other important fuzzy logic systems.
On the Optimal Product Line Selection Problem with Price Discrimination

Product line design decisions are determinant for a firm's market success and, simultaneously, very costly to implement and change. To evaluate the profitability of a design, a number of mathematical programming approaches have been proposed in the last three decades---typically nonlinear integer optimization problems that can only be tackled heuristically for real-world instances. Recently, Chen and Hausman (2000) efficiently exploited the fractional programming properties of a stylized model for product line and price selection with the objective to maximize contribution given homogeneous customer behavior by an aggregate multinomial logit choice model. We extend the approach of Chen and Hausman (Chen, K. D., W. H. Hausman. 2000. Technical note: Mathematical properties of the optimal product line selection problem using choice-based conjoint analysis. Management Sci.46(2) 327--332) to determine an optimal product line under a personalized or group pricing strategy in markets with multiple heterogeneous consumers such that total profit (including fixed costs) is maximized. Personalized/group pricing is a growing discrimination strategy that more and more businesses are realizing is not only very profitable, but also often implementable in the era of e-business. Our problem formulation allows to incorporate commonly applied attraction choice models including the multinomial logit, the Bradley--Terry--Luce, and approximately the first choice model. Though the problem is generally nonlinear, we show that the fractional substructure resulting from attraction choice models can still be exploited to globally solve real-world instances in reasonable time.
Steroid hormone receptors and long term survival in invasive ovarian cancer

Steroid hormone receptors are important determinants of prognosis and predictive behavior in tumor tissues of several origins. Since their role in ovarian cancer is still controversial, we investigated the prevalence and prognostic impact of the estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and combinations (ER+PR+, ER+PR−, ER−PR+, and ER−PR−) in a comparably large number of patients with a long clinical follow‐up.
Capacity-Approaching Irregular Turbo Codes for the Binary Erasure Channel

In this paper, we propose a class of irregular turbo codes that approach the capacity of the binary erasure channel. First, an analytic expression of the erasure probability of punctured recursive systematic convolutional codes is derived. This expression will then be used to study the density evolution of turbo codes over the binary erasure channel, that will allow for the design of capacity-approaching infinite-length irregular turbo codes. Next, a graph-optimal interleaver for finite-length irregular turbo codes is proposed. Finally, simulation results for different coding rates are shown.
[Portal and mesenteric thrombosis associated with protein S deficiency].

INTRODUCTION liver cirrhosis is the main cause of portal thrombosis (PT), while hypercoagulability syndromes are rarely found as the etiology of PT. We report a case of portal and mesenteric thrombosis secondary to protein S deficiency. CASE REPORT a 74-year-old woman was admitted with melena secondary to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. She reported mild, diffuse abdominal pain in the last 2 weeks. Endoscopy revealed ruptured esophageal varices. Doppler ultrasonography and CT demonstrated a heterogeneous liver, splenomegaly and ascites, and complete non-occlusive PT involving the hilum and portal branches, as well as the superior mesenteric vein, with portosystemic collaterals. At this point a complete study for cirrhosis etiologies was negative, including a liver biopsy that showed nonspecific architectural changes secondary to diminished blood flow, which suggested non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. The search for hypercoagulability states determined a deficiency of S protein, with total pS = 107% and free pS = 56%. The patient was started on anticoagulant treatment and no other thrombotic events occurred. DISCUSSION PT usually manifests without specific symptoms. The most common presentation is upper gastrointestinal bleeding, as occurred in our patient. Liver cirrhosis is one of the most frequent cause of PT. Up to 65% of these patients present an associated prothrombotic state, including protein S deficiency. Our case reminds us of the importance of a systematic search for hipercoagulability syndromes in patients with TP, even when the etiology can be conferred to liver cirrhosis.
Dissociation of a MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif-IKKε Molecular Complex from the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane by Hepatitis C Virus NS3-4A Proteolytic Cleavage

ABSTRACT Intracellular RNA virus infection is detected by the cytoplasmic RNA helicase RIG-I that plays an essential role in signaling to the host antiviral response. Recently, the adapter molecule that links RIG-I sensing of incoming viral RNA to downstream signaling and gene activation events was characterized by four different groups; MAVS/IPS-1-1/VISA/Cardif contains an amino-terminal CARD domain and a carboxyl-terminal mitochondrial transmembrane sequence that localizes to the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, the hepatitis C virus NS3-4A protease complex specifically targets MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif for cleavage as part of its immune evasion strategy. With a novel search program written in python, we also identified an uncharacterized protein, KIAA1271 (K1271), containing a single CARD-like domain at the N terminus and a Leu-Val-rich C terminus that is identical to that of MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif. Using a combination of biochemical analysis, subcellular fractionation, and confocal microscopy, we now demonstrate that NS3-4A cleavage of MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif/K1271 results in its dissociation from the mitochondrial membrane and disrupts signaling to the antiviral immune response. Furthermore, virus-induced IKKε kinase, but not TBK1, colocalized strongly with MAVS at the mitochondrial membrane, and the localization of both molecules was disrupted by NS3-4A expression. Mutation of the critical cysteine 508 to alanine was sufficient to maintain mitochondrial localization of MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif and IKKε in the presence of NS3-4A. These observations provide an outline of the mechanism by which hepatitis C virus evades the interferon antiviral response.
Evidências de Validade da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho

La literatura sobre el comportamiento organizacional muestra que la satisfaccion en el trabajo es una de las variables de nivel micro mas investigadas empiricamente, sin embargo pocos estudios recientes presenten medidas validas a su operacion en las organizaciones. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo acrecentar, a la literatura, indicios de validez de la Escala de Satisfacao no Trabalho de Siqueira, testandola en una muestra de Seguridad Publica. El estudio fue realizado en una institucion de seguridad publica del Distrito Federal - Brasil. La medida contenia 25 items asociados a una escala de amplitud de 7 puntos, aplicados en 257 servidores. Fueron utilizados procedimientos de analisis factorial exploratoria y confirmatoria para interpretacion y analisis de los datos. Los factores identificados correspondieron a la satisfaccion con los colegas, con el sueldo, con el jefe, con la naturaleza del trabajo y promociones, con alfas que variaban de 0,76 a 0,90. La escala se presento confiable, siendo importante instrumento gerencial en el diagnostico de satisfaccion en el trabajo
Metabolic Syndrome Components After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Prevalence and the Impact of Obesity and Immunosuppression

Metabolic syndrome is associated with long‐term morbidity and mortality after adult liver transplantation (LT). Whether pediatric LT recipients have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome remains controversial. In a cross‐sectional study, we evaluated pediatric LT recipients aged 8–30 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocols. LT recipients were matched by gender, race/ethnicity, and age with controls from NHANES. Pediatric LT recipients (n = 83), after adjusting for overweight/obesity and glucocorticoid use, had increased prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 2‐h glucose after oral glucose tolerance test ≥140 mg/dL), and low high‐density lipoprotein compared to matched NHANES controls (n = 235) despite a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity. Among LT recipients, the adjusted odds of IGT doubled for every 7.5 years taking calcineurin inhibitors (odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.06–4.17 per 7.5 years taking calcineurin inhibitors, p = 0.03). Among all subjects with IGT, LT recipients had a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity and less insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) than did controls with IGT. Among normal weight subjects, LT recipients were significantly more likely than controls to have prehypertension/hypertension, IGT, low high‐density lipoprotein, and metabolic syndrome. Pediatric LT recipients have unique metabolic syndrome profiles and risk factors and will require tailored screening and management protocols.
Identification of Continuous, Allergenic Regions of the Major Shrimp Allergen Pen a 1 (Tropomyosin)

Background: Crustaceans and mollusks are a frequent cause of allergic reactions. The only major allergen identified in shrimp is the muscle protein tropomyosin; at least 80% of shrimp-allergic subjects react to tropomyosin. Furthermore, tropomyosin is an important allergen in other crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs and mollusks, as well as other arthropods such as house dust mites and cockroaches, and has been implied as the cause of clinical cross-sensitivity among invertebrates. In contrast, vertebrate tropomyosins are considered nonallergenic. Objective: The basis of the allergenicity of proteins has not yet been resolved. Thus, tropomyosin molecules provide an excellent opportunity to study the relationship between protein structure and allergenicity. The aim of the current study was to identify the IgE-binding regions of Pen a 1 and compare these regions with homologous sequences in other allergenic and nonallergenic tropomyosins. Methods: Forty-six overlapping peptides (length: 15 amino acids; offset: 6 amino acids) spanning the entire Pen a 1 molecule were synthesized and tested for IgE antibody reactivity with sera from 18 shrimp-allergic subjects to identify the IgE-binding regions of shrimp tropomyosin. Results: Based on the frequency and intensity of the IgE reactivities, five major IgE-binding regions were identified. All five major IgE-binding regions were 15–38 amino acids long. The major IgE-binding regions identified were: region 1: Pen a 1 (43–57); region 2: Pen a 1 (85–105); region 3: Pen a 1 (133–148); region 4: Pen a 1 (187–202), and region 5: Pen a 1 (247–284). In addition, 22 peptides were categorized as minor IgE-binding regions, and 12 peptides did not bind any IgE antibodies. No substantial differences in amino acid group composition in the five IgE-binding regions compared to the whole molecule were detected. Sequence identities and similarities of the Pen a 1 IgE-binding regions with homologous regions of allergenic arthropod tropomyosins were as high as 100%, whereas identities and similarities with homologous vertebrate sequences ranged from 36 to 76% and 53 to 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Five major IgE-binding regions of the allergenic shrimp tropomyosin, Pen a 1, were identified which are positioned at regular intervals of approximately 42 amino acids (7 heptads), suggesting a relationship with the repetitive coiled-coil structure of the tropomyosin molecule. The high degree of similarity between Pen a 1 IgE-binding regions and homologous sequences in invertebrate tropomyosins and the lower percentage of similarity with homologous regions of vertebrate tropomyosins supports a structural basis for cross-reactivity of allergenic tropomyosins.
Approximate solutions of capacitated fixed-charge minimum cost network flow problems

This article proposes two approximate methods to solve capacitated, single-commodity and fixed-charge network flow problems. First, relaxed problems obtained by the Lagrange relaxation method are shown to form a minimum spanning tree problem, yielding a lower bound to the original problem. The subgradient optimization technique can be then applied to improve this bound by updating the Lagrange multipliers. The second part of the article presents a new, simple, and efficient heuristic to find a feasible and approximate solution that is also an upper bound to the original problem.