Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond dual-process models: A categorisation of processes underlying intuitive judgement and decision making

Intuitive-automatic processes are crucial for making judgements and decisions. The fascinating complexity of these processes has attracted many decision researchers, prompting them to start investigating intuition empirically and to develop numerous models. Dual-process models assume a clear distinction between intuitive and deliberate processes but provide no further differentiation within both categories. We go beyond these models and argue that intuition is not a homogeneous concept, but a label used for different cognitive mechanisms. We suggest that these mechanisms have to be distinguished to allow for fruitful investigations of intuition. Specifically, we argue that researchers should concentrate on investigating the processes underlying intuition before making strong claims about its performance. We summarise current models for intuition and propose a categorisation according to the underlying cognitive processes: (a) associative intuition based on simple learning–retrieval processes, (b) matching intuition based on comparisons with prototypes/exemplars, (c) accumulative intuition based on automatic evidence accumulation, and (d) constructive intuition based on construction of mental representations. We discuss how this differentiation might help to clarify the relationship between affect and intuition and we derive a very general hypothesis as to when intuition will lead to good decisions and when it will go astray.
Design and Analysis of CMOS Frequency Dividers With Wide Input Locking Ranges

A millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency synthesizer needs a low-power frequency divider (FD) with a wide input locking range to ensure reliability and lower power operation. In this paper, the design and analysis of low-power wide locking range MMW FDs are presented. Proposed are two divide-by-2 (D2) and divide-by-4 (D4) FDs that achieve the widest locking range reported to date by using a dual-mixing technique. Both FDs are fabricated in 90-nm CMOS and are demonstrated to achieve very wide input locking ranges without any tuning mechanism. At an input power of 0 dBm, the D2 FD has a locking range of 51-74 GHz, and that of the D4 FD is 82.5-89 GHz. The power consumption is only 3 mW for both the D2 FD and the D4 FD, from a 0.5 V supply. The proposed D2 and D4 FDs may facilitate incorporation into a product of a MMW phase-locked loop that is smaller, consumes less power, and is more reliable than the conventional approach.
Psychometrische Eigenschaften und Normierung der deutschen Version des Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI)

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bei dem KASI handelt es sich um die deutsche Ubersetzung des „Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI)” zur Erfassung von Angstsensitivitat bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Fragestellung: Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des „Kinder-Angstsensitivitatsindex (KASI)” wurden uberpruft. Methode: Insgesamt 1538 Kinder und Jugendliche fullten den Fragebogen aus. Ergebnisse: Die interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs Alpha) ist mit α ≥ . 79 hoch. Die Datenanalysen zeigen signifikante Zusammenhange zwischen KASI und konstruktnahen Messinstrumenten (ACQ, BSQ) sowie Paniksymptomen, agoraphobischen Angsten und Trennungsangst. Erwartungsgemas geringer sind die Zusammenhange mit spezifischer und sozialer Phobie und Depression. Zudem konnten an einer Stichprobe von 1235 Schulern Normen fur das Testverfahren gewonnen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund der vorliegenden Befunde kann der KASI als ein reliables und valides Messinstrument bezeichnet werden.
Autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome maps to chromosome 20p13 (RLS‐5) in a Dutch kindred

Six chromosomal loci have been mapped for restless legs syndrome (RLS) through family‐based linkage analysis (RLS‐1 to RLS‐6), but confirmation has met with limited success, and causative mutations have not yet been identified. We ascertained a large multigenerational Dutch family with RLS of early onset (average 18 years‐old). The clinical study included a follow‐up of 2 years. To map the underlying genetic defect, we performed a genome‐wide scan for linkage using high‐density SNP microarrays. A single, strong linkage peak was detected on chromosome 20p13, under an autosomal‐dominant model, in the region of the RLS‐5 locus (maximum multipoint LOD score 3.02). Haplotype analysis refined the RLS‐5 critical region from 5.2 to 4.5 megabases. In conclusion, we provide the first confirmation of the RLS‐5 locus, and we reduce its critical region. The identification of the underlying mutation might reveal an important susceptibility gene for this common movement disorder. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Biosorption of Pb(II) by Biomass of KC‐2: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Characteristic Studies

Performance and characteristics of biosorption of Pb(II) had been studied in a batch system using the fungal strain biomass, KC‐2. The biosorption performance was investigated by analysing the effects of such factors as the initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time at 303 K. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. The experimental data were described by the pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, and were closely followed the pseudo second‐order kinetic model. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir model and the maximum biosorption capacity was 84.03 mg g−1. The adsorption mechanism was examined by FTIR, SEM and EDAX analysis. Results indicated that carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups were involved in the biosorption and ion exchange mechanism existed.
Genetic risk profiles for a childhood with severely overweight

Genome‐wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci, conferring only small effects to obesity. We selected 12 from the most accepted susceptibility genes to overweight, which have been corroborated in different populations and series of thousands of adult individuals. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms variants can have a cumulative effect on common forms of obesity, to create a genetic risk score.
Prenatal diagnosis of duchenne/becker muscular dystrophy by short tandem repeat segregation analysis in argentine families

Introduction: Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) are X‐linked recessive diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Methods: We used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) segregation analysis for DMD/BMD‐carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Results: Twenty‐four at‐risk pregnancies were evaluated: 17 were excluded from carrying dystrophin gene mutations with 95–100% certainty. Of the remaining cases, 2 were determined to carry a dystrophin gene mutation with 95–100% certainty. Three cases had a 67% probability of carrying the mutation, and 2 others were not informative. The certainty of the test increased to ∽100% in some cases due to the identification of several genetic events: 4 recombinations; 4 de novo mutations; and 8 deletions encompassing some of the STRs evaluated. Discussion: Overall, 19 of 24 (79%) molecular prenatal diagnoses were informative, indicating that multiplex PCR/STR segregation analysis is a reliable method for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis when other more sophisticated techniques are unavailable. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Differences between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia on Information Processing Measures

This study evaluated information processing differences between 30 vascular dementia (VaD) patients, 30 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and 30 normal elderly (NE) controls. They were administered a complex reaction time test, a continuous performance test (CPT), and a neuropsychological battery. Compared to NE, both dementia groups had significantly slower motor reaction times and made more errors on the CPT. Compared to AD patients, the VaD patients were slower in stimulus categorization time and had increasing omission errors and persistent commission errors throughout the CPT trial, VaD, which usually includes frontal-subcortical circuit injury, can impair mental speed and stimulus response initiation.
How to declare an imperative

How can we integrate interaction into a purely declarative language? This tutorial describes a solution to this problem based on a monad. The solution has been implemented in the functional language Haskell and the declarative language Escher. Comparisons are given with other approaches to interaction based on synchronous streams, continuations, linear logic, and side effects.
LUI: lip in multimodal mobile GUI interaction

Gesture based interactions are commonly used in mobile and ubiquitous environments. Multimodal interaction techniques use lip gestures to enhance speech recognition or control mouse movement on the screen. In this paper we extend the previous work to explore LUI: lip gestures as an alternative input technique for controlling the user interface elements in a ubiquitous environment. In addition to use lips to control cursor movement, we use lip gestures to control music players and activate menus. A LUI Motion-Action library is also provided to guide future interaction design using lip gestures.
Nuclear Oncoprotein Prothymosin α Is a Partner of Keap1: Implications for Expression of Oxidative Stress-Protecting Genes

ABSTRACT Animal cells counteract oxidative stress and electrophilic attack through coordinated expression of a set of detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme genes mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. In unstressed cells, Nrf2 appears to be sequestered in the cytoplasm via association with an inhibitor protein, Keap1. Here, by using the yeast two-hybrid screen, human Keap1 has been identified as a partner of the nuclear protein prothymosin α. The in vivo and in vitro data indicated that the prothymosin α-Keap1 interaction is direct, highly specific, and functionally relevant. Furthermore, we showed that Keap1 is a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein equipped with a nuclear export signal that is important for its inhibitory action. Prothymosin α was able to liberate Nrf2 from the Nrf2-Keap1 inhibitory complex in vitro through competition with Nrf2 for binding to the same domain of Keap1. In vivo, the level of Nrf2-dependent transcription was correlated with the intracellular level of prothymosin α by using prothymosin α overproduction and mRNA interference approaches. Our data attribute to prothymosin α the role of intranuclear dissociator of the Nrf2-Keap1 complex, thus revealing a novel function for prothymosin α and adding a new dimension to the molecular mechanisms underlying expression of oxidative stress-protecting genes.
Visualization of Real-World Events with Geotagged Tweet Photos

Recently, microblogs such as Twitter have become very common, which enable people to post and read short messages from anywhere. Since microblogs are different from traditional blogs in terms of being instant and on the spot, they include much more information on various events happened over the world. In addition, some of the messages posted to Twitter include photos and geotags as well as texts. From them, we can get to know what and where happens intuitively. Then, we propose a method to select photos related to the given real-world events from geotagged Twitter messages (tweets) taking advantage of geotags and visual features of photos. We implemented a system which can visualize real-world events on the online map.
Trajectories of Aggressive Behavior and Children's Social-Cognitive Development.

The current study investigated developmental trajectories of teacher-reported aggressive behavior and whether these trajectories are associated with social-cognitive development (i.e., aggressive problem-solving) across the first three elementary grades in a large sample from Switzerland (N= 1,146). Semiparametric group-based analyses were employed to identify distinct pathways of aggressive behavior across grades. Five distinct trajectory classes were identified: low-stable, medium-stable, decreasing, increasing, and high-stable. Children’s aggressive problem-solving strategies differentiated the high-stable from the other aggressive behavior trajectories. The findings are discussed within a social-cognitive developmental framework.
A vacuum-pumped microfluidic device for automated in-line mixing and focusing processes

Microfluidic devices with multi-functional features have been a highly promising tool to implement mixing, reaction, transport, separation, and detection of bio-samples on a solitary microchip for applications in the biochemistry, biophysics and medical fields. This work presents a unified vacuum-pumped microfluidic device consisting of a micromixer module and a microflow cytometer module to complete an automated in-line sequence of mixing and focusing procedures for possible rapid screening of the marker cell detection. For the former module, an in-plane passive micromixer with optimum Tesla structures was adopted to achieve good mixing performance. We also devised a microcytometer as the latter module to attain planar symmetric hydrodynamic focusing in microchannels. Using the coupled mixing and hydrodynamic focusing analysis to predict the suction-driven flow behavior for guiding the chip design, the microfluidic device was fabricated through SU-8 lithography and a PDMS replica molding technique to construct reverse structures from the patterned SU-8 molds on a silicon substrate. Numerical and experimental results have demonstrated the capability of the developed microfluidic device to realize a 93% mixing index and to control the focused stream within a width of 20 μm in tests.
An Evaluation of Touch and Pressure-Based Scrolling and Haptic Feedback for In-Car Touchscreens

An in-car study was conducted to examine different input techniques for list-based scrolling tasks and the effectiveness of haptic feedback for in-car touchscreens. The use of physical switchgear on centre consoles is decreasing which allows designers to develop new ways to interact with in-car applications. However, these new methods need to be evaluated to ensure they are usable. Therefore, three input techniques were tested: direct scrolling, pressure-based scrolling and scrolling using onscreen buttons on a touchscreen. The results showed that direct scrolling was less accurate than using onscreen buttons and pressure input, but took almost half the time when compared to the onscreen buttons and was almost three times quicker than pressure input. Vibrotactile feedback did not improve input performance but was preferred by the users. Understanding the speed vs. accuracy trade-off between these input techniques will allow better decisions when designing safer in-car interfaces for scrolling applications.
An Efficient Data Cleaning Algorithm through Minimum Spanning Tree for Data Mining

Detecting outliers in database (as unusual objects) using Minimum Spanning Tree is a big desire. It is an important task in wide variety of application areas. In this paper we propose Minimum Spanning Tree based algorithm for detecting outliers. The outliers are detected in the data set based on weight function value (MSTWF). If the noticeable changes occurred in the weight function value, the point (object) associated with the edge is detected as an outlier based on degree number of points.
Higher-order aberrations of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in patients with keratectasia after LASIK.

PURPOSE We investigated higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in patients with keratectasia after LASIK. METHODS The subjects comprised four groups: 12 eyes with keratectasia after LASIK, 30 eyes following LASIK without keratectasia, 30 keratoconic eyes, and 30 normal eyes. Corneal HOAs due to the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces for 6-mm pupils (root mean square [μm]) were obtained using a Scheimpflug-based corneal tomographer and compared among the four groups. RESULTS There were significant differences in total HOAs of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces (mean ± SD) in the keratectasia (2.49 ± 1.37 and 0.83 ± 0.57), keratoconus (4.50 ± 2.57 and 1.18 ± 0.65), LASIK (0.84 ± 0.25 and 0.14 ± 0.04), and normal (0.52 ± 0.15 and 0.17 ± 0.06) groups except for between keratoconus and keratectasia at the posterior surface. Keratectasia and keratoconus showed similar coma-dominant patterns at both surfaces, and there were no significant differences in the Zernike terms between both groups except for the total HOAs and coma aberration at the anterior surface. CONCLUSIONS Although flap creation and laser ablation were supposed to center on the primary line of sight in LASIK, keratectasia after LASIK showed coma-dominant HOAs at both corneal surfaces. This suggests that the cornea in keratectasia has optical properties similar to those in keratoconus.
High Resolution Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Traffic-Related Air Pollutants

Vehicle traffic is one of the most significant emission sources of air pollutants in urban areas. While the influence of mobile source emissions is felt throughout an urban area, concentrations from mobile emissions can be highest near major roadways. At present, information regarding the spatial and temporal patterns and the share of pollution attributable to traffic-related air pollutants is limited, in part due to concentrations that fall sharply with distance from roadways, as well as the few monitoring sites available in cities. This study uses a newly developed dispersion model (RLINE) and a spatially and temporally resolved emissions inventory to predict hourly PM2.5 and NOx concentrations across Detroit (MI, USA) at very high spatial resolution. Results for annual averages and high pollution days show contrasting patterns, the need for spatially resolved analyses, and the limitations of surrogate metrics like proximity or distance to roads. Data requirements, computational and modeling issues are discussed. High resolution pollutant data enable the identification of pollutant “hotspots”, “project-level” analyses of transportation options, development of exposure measures for epidemiology studies, delineation of vulnerable and susceptible populations, policy analyses examining risks and benefits of mitigation options, and the development of sustainability indicators integrating environmental, social, economic and health information.
Agency, Signification, and Temporality

This paper examines the temporality of agency in Judith Butler's and Saba Mahmood's writing. I argue that Mahmood moves away from a performative understanding of agency, which focuses on relations of signification, to a corporeal understanding, which focuses on desire and sensation. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze's reading of Henri Bergson, I show how this move involves a changed model of becoming: whereas Butler imagines movement as a series of discontinuous beings, in Mahmood's case, we get an understanding of becoming.
On the complexity of a set-union problem

We consider a simple data structure supporting the following operations: (i) create a new singleton set; (ii) create a new set which is the union of two pre-existing sets; (iii) determine whether a given element is in a particular set. We prove both lower and upper bounds for an implementation of such a data structure. In a restricted model we show that no deterministic implementation can be better than the "trivial" one that takes O(n/sup 2/) time. In a parallel model where the operations come in at most O(1g n) stages we exhibit a sub-quadratic implementation.
Using yeast to determine the functional consequences of mutations in the human p53 tumor suppressor gene: An introductory course‐based undergraduate research experience in molecular and cell biology

The opportunity to engage in scientific research is an important, but often neglected, component of undergraduate training in biology. We describe the curriculum for an innovative, course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE) appropriate for a large, introductory cell and molecular biology laboratory class that leverages students′ high level of interest in cancer. The course is highly collaborative and emphasizes the analysis and interpretation of original scientific data. During the course, students work in teams to characterize a collection of mutations in the human p53 tumor suppressor gene via expression and analysis in yeast. Initially, student pairs use both qualitative and quantitative assays to assess the ability of their p53 mutant to activate expression of reporter genes, and they localize their mutation within the p53 structure. Through facilitated discussion, students suggest possible molecular explanations for the transactivation defects displayed by their p53 mutants and propose experiments to test these hypotheses that they execute during the second part of the course. They use a western blot to determine whether mutant p53 levels are reduced, a DNA‐binding assay to test whether recognition of any of three p53 target sequences is compromised, and fluorescence microscopy to assay nuclear localization. Students studying the same p53 mutant periodically convene to discuss and interpret their combined data. The course culminates in a poster session during which students present their findings to peers, instructors, and the greater biosciences community. Based on our experience, we provide recommendations for the development of similar large introductory lab courses. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(2):161–178, 2017.
Computer vision based object tracking as a teaching aid for high school physics experiments

Experiments play a vital role in science education. In high school physics, especially in mechanics, many experiments are conducted where tracking a single or multiple objects are required. In most situations students visually observe the motion of objects and take the measurements. This manual method is time consuming, generates higher error and incapable of producing multiple readings rapidly. The research described in this work introduces a simple mechanism to integrate computer vision based tracking to enhance the quality of measurements and to new ways of looking at experiments. The case study consists of three standard experiments. In the first experiment a motion of the simple pendulum was tracked. Using computer vision students were able to obtain a correlation of 0.99 between the calculated period and the theoretical period. In addition, it was possible to calculate the position and the velocity of the bob more than 30 times during a single oscillation. Students were able to plot the extra data points for a better understanding of the simple harmonic motion, which was not possible in the manual method. Second experiment was focused on measuring the terminal velocity of a ball moving through a viscous medium. Final case study was on tracking multiple particles in a moving fluid. In all three experiments computer vision based system provided more accurate and higher number of data points than the manual method. This helps students to understanding the underline theory better. The tracking system was consisted of a digital camera, image preprocessing sub system, feature extraction subsystem, object identification subsystem and data export subsystem. The system was successfully tested on a normal PC which is cost effective to be used in high schools. Based on the case studies it was concluded that such systems can be used in high schools to improve the quality of experiments conducted.
Supersymmetric AdS5 black holes

The first examples of supersymmetric, asymptotically AdS5, black hole solutions are presented. They form a 1-parameter family of solutions of minimal five-dimensional gauged supergravity. Their angular momentum can never vanish. The solutions are obtained by a systematic analysis of supersymmetric solutions with Killing horizons. Other new examples of such solutions are obtained. These include solutions for which the horizon is a homogeneous Nil or SL(2,) manifold.