Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Document Clustering in Modeling Wikipedia-style Term Descriptions

Reflecting the rapid growth of science, technology, and culture, it has become common practice to consult tools on the World Wide Web for various terms. Existing search engines provide an enormous volume of information, but retrieved information is not organized. Hand-compiled encyclopedias provide organized information, but the quantity of information is limited. In this paper, aiming to integrate the advantages of both tools, we propose a method to organize a search result based on multiple viewpoints as in Wikipedia. Because viewpoints required for explanation are different depending on the type of a term, such as animal and disease, we model articles in Wikipedia to extract a viewpoint structure for each term type. To identify a set of term types, we independently use manual annotation and automatic document clustering for Wikipedia articles. We also propose an effective feature for clustering of Wikipedia articles. We experimentally show that the document clustering reduces the cost for the manual annotation while maintaining the accuracy for modeling Wikipedia articles.
The relationship between different facets of empathy, pain perception and compassion fatigue among physicians

Background: Medical practitioners such as physicians are continuously exposed to the suffering and the distress of patients. Understanding the way pain perception relates to empathetic dispositions and professional quality of life can contribute to the development of strategies aimed at protecting health professionals from burnout and compassion fatigue. In the present study we investigate the way individual dispositions relate to behavioral measures of pain sensitivity, empathy, and professional quality of life. Methods: A secure Web-based series of self-report measures and a behavioral task were administered to 1,199 board-certified physicians. Additionally, surveys were used to obtain measures of demographic and professional background; dispositional empathy (empathic concern, personal distress, and perspective taking); positive (compassion satisfaction) and negative (burnout and secondary traumatic stress) aspects of their professional life. In the behavioral task, participants were asked to watch a series of video clips of patients experiencing different levels of pain and provide ratings of pain intensity and induced personal distress. Results: Perceived pain intensity was significantly lower among more experienced physicians but similar across specialty fields with varying demands of emotional stress. Watching videos of patients in pain, however, elicited more personal distress among physicians in highly demanding medical fields, despite comparable empathy dispositions with other fields. The pain of male patients was perceived as less intense than the pain of female patients, and this effect was more marked for female physicians. The effect of dispositional empathy on pain perception and induced personal distress was different for each sub-component, with perspective taking and empathic concern (EC) being predictive of the behavioral outcomes. Physicians who experience both compassion satisfaction and fatigue perceive more pain and suffer more personal distress from it than those who only suffer the negative aspects of professional quality of life. Conclusions: Professional experience seems to desensitize physicians to the pain of others without necessarily helping them down-regulate their own personal distress. Pain perception is also related with specific aspects of empathy and varies depending on context, as is the case with the gender of their patients. Minimum levels of empathy appear necessary to benefit from the positive aspects of professional quality of life in medicine.
Identification of Opinion Leaders Based on User Clustering and Sentiment Analysis

Opinion leaders play an important role in influencing topics of discussion among a group of persons. Hence, identification of opinion leaders has receive recent attention. Specifically, discovering opinion leaders in a Web-based stock message board might be valuable for many investors. Current methods for finding opinion leaders mainly concentrate on a graph of user connections, and thus leads to large amount of computation. On the other hand, opinions in user message are usually ignored so that the effectiveness in finding opinion leaders is very limited. In the paper, a new method is proposed to recognize opinion leaders in Web-based stock message boards. We combine clustering algorithm and sentiment analysis to address the two problems in current methods. Features of user activities are calculated based on messages posted on the board, then clustering algorithm is applied to the user data and generate clusters which contain potential opinion leaders. Next, we employ sentiment analysis to candidates and associate the sentiment with the actual price movement trend. By this means, opinion leaders can be well discovered since good ability in analyzing stock market is considered as skills of Influential users. Comparative experiments on a data set which contains real discussions and stock messages are conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated.
Structural Integrity of the Antigen Is a Determinant for the Induction of T-Helper Type-1 Immunity in Mice by Gene Gun Vaccines against E.coli Beta-Galactosidase

The type of immune response is critical for successful protection and typically determined by pathogen-associated danger molecules. In contrast, protein antigens are usually regarded as passive target structures. Here, we provide evidence that the structure of the antigen can profoundly influence the type of response that is elicited under else identical conditions. In mice, gene gun vaccines induce predominantly Th2-biased immune reactions against most antigens. One exception is E. coli beta-galactosidase (βGal) that induces a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Because both, the delivered material (plasmid DNA-coated gold particles) as well as the procedure (biolistic delivery to the skin surface) is the same as for other antigens we hypothesized that Th1 induction could be a function of βGal protein expressed in transfected cells. To test this we examined gene gun vaccines encoding structural or functional variants of the antigen. Employing a series of gene gun vaccines encoding individual structural domains of βGal, we found that neither of them induced IgG2a antibodies. Even disruption of the homo-tetramer association of the native protein by deletion of a few N-terminal amino acids was sufficient to abrogate IgG2a production. However, enzymatically inactive βGal with only one point mutation in the catalytic center retained the ability to induce Th1 reactions. Thus, structural but not functional integrity of the antigen must be retained for Th1 induction. βGal is not a Th1 adjuvant in the classical sense because neither were βGal-transgenic ROSA26 mice particularly Th1-biased nor did co-administration of a βGal-encoding plasmid induce IgG2a against other antigens. Despite this, gene gun vaccines elicited Th1 reactions to antigens fused to the open reading frame of βGal. We interpret these findings as evidence that different skin-borne antigens may be differentially handled by the immune system and that the three-dimensional structure of an antigen is an important determinant for this.
FORPS: friends-oriented reputation privacy score

The Friends-Oriented Reputation Privacy Score (FORPS) system provides a smart and simple way to help end-users managing their privacy in a social network. It aims to prevent a non-desirable propagation of personal sensitive data. FORPS built privacy sensitivity profile by understanding what are the category of themes, the category of objects and the behavioral factors that are important to social network users. FORPS takes full advantage of the knowledge available in a social network from the perspective of a given user, in particular extracted from the data accessible via his friends. More precisely, our approach consists in making a deep analysis of the behavior of somebody who would like to establish connection with the given user in order to estimate the risk of potential violation of his privacy.
How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons’ Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

Footrot is a widespread, infectious cause of lameness in sheep, with major economic and welfare costs. The aims of this research were: (i) to quantify how veterinary surgeons’ beliefs regarding the efficacy of two treatments for footrot changed following a review of the evidence (ii) to obtain a consensus opinion following group discussions (iii) to capture complementary qualitative data to place their beliefs within a broader clinical context. Grounded in a Bayesian statistical framework, probabilistic elicitation (roulette method) was used to quantify the beliefs of eleven veterinary surgeons during two one-day workshops. There was considerable heterogeneity in veterinary surgeons’ beliefs before they listened to a review of the evidence. After hearing the evidence, seven participants quantifiably changed their beliefs. In particular, two participants who initially believed that foot trimming with topical oxytetracycline was the better treatment, changed to entirely favour systemic and topical oxytetracycline instead. The results suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in beliefs related to differences in veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of the evidence. Although considerable differences in opinion still remained after the evidence review, with several participants having non-overlapping 95% credible intervals, both groups did achieve a consensus opinion. Two key findings from the qualitative data were: (i) veterinary surgeons believed that farmers are unlikely to actively seek advice on lameness, suggesting a proactive veterinary approach is required (ii) more attention could be given to improving the way in which veterinary advice is delivered to farmers. In summary this study has: (i) demonstrated a practical method for probabilistically quantifying how veterinary surgeons’ beliefs change (ii) revealed that the evidence that currently exists is capable of changing veterinary opinion (iii) suggested that improved transfer of research knowledge into veterinary practice is needed (iv) identified some potential obstacles to the implementation of veterinary advice by farmers.
Use of Mathematical Modeling to Compare and Predict Hemodynamic Effects Between Hybrid and Surgical Norwood Palliations for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Background— Combining bilateral pulmonary artery banding with arterial duct stenting, the hybrid approach achieves stage 1 palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with different flow characteristics than those after the surgical Norwood procedures. Accordingly, we used computational modeling to assess some of these differences, including influence on systemic and cerebral oxygen deliveries. Methods and Results— A 3-dimensional computational model of hybrid palliation was developed by the finite volume method, along with models of the Norwood operation with a modified Blalock-Tausig or right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery shunt. Hybrid circulation was modeled with a 7-mm ductal stent and bilateral pulmonary artery banding to a 2-mm diameter. A 3.5-mm conduit was used in the Blalock-Tausig shunt model, whereas a 5-mm conduit was used in the right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery shunt model. Coupled to all the models was an identical hydraulic network that described the entire circulatory system based on pre–stage 2 hemodynamics. This clinically validated multiscale approach predicts flow dynamics, as well as global cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and systemic and cerebral oxygen delivery. Compared with either of the Norwood models, the hybrid palliation had higher pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio and lower cardiac output. Total systemic oxygen delivery was markedly reduced in the hybrid palliation (Blalock-Tausig shunt 591, right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery shunt 640, and hybrid 475 mL · min−1 · m−2). Cerebral oxygen delivery was similarly lower in the hybrid palliation. Conclusions— These computational results suggest that the hybrid approach may provide inferior systemic and cerebral oxygen deliveries compared with either of the 2 surgical Norwood procedures before stage 2 palliation.
HEMS: a Hurricane Evacuation Management System

In the United States, there has been a high incidence of hurricanes over the past decade. Before a hurricane makes landfall it is important, for safety, that people who live in potentially dangerous areas, such as along the coast, evacuate. Nursing homes have an even greater concern during an evacuation as the patients are primarily elderly or disabled, and require additional assistance. In this paper we investigate the characteristics and challenges associated with hurricane evacuation of health care centers, such as nursing homes. Then, we propose a patient centric hurricane evacuation management system that allow healthcare providers to continuously monitor and track patients. The hardware and software architecture, and the main operations are presented. The proposed system is able to operate in difficult conditions, such as lack of basic communication services such as cellular and Internet. We evaluate the performance of the proposed system using the OPNET network simulator.
In-School Neurofeedback Training for ADHD: Sustained Improvements From a Randomized Control Trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sustained improvements 6 months after a 40-session, in-school computer attention training intervention using neurofeedback or cognitive training (CT) administered to 7- to 11-year-olds with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: One hundred four children were randomly assigned to receive neurofeedback, CT, or a control condition and were evaluated 6 months postintervention. A 3-point growth model assessed change over time across the conditions on the Conners 3–Parent Assessment Report (Conners 3-P), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form (BRIEF), and a systematic double-blinded classroom observation (Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools). Analysis of variance assessed community-initiated changes in stimulant medication. RESULTS: Parent response rates were 90% at the 6-month follow-up. Six months postintervention, neurofeedback participants maintained significant gains on Conners 3-P (Inattention effect size [ES] = 0.34, Executive Functioning ES = 0.25, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity ES = 0.23) and BRIEF subscales including the Global Executive Composite (ES = 0.31), which remained significantly greater than gains found among children in CT and control conditions. Children in the CT condition showed delayed improvement over immediate postintervention ratings only on Conners 3-P Executive Functioning (ES = 0.18) and 2 BRIEF subscales. At the 6-month follow-up, neurofeedback participants maintained the same stimulant medication dosage, whereas participants in both CT and control conditions showed statistically and clinically significant increases (9 mg [P = .002] and 13 mg [P < .001], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Neurofeedback participants made more prompt and greater improvements in ADHD symptoms, which were sustained at the 6-month follow-up, than did CT participants or those in the control group. This finding suggests that neurofeedback is a promising attention training treatment for children with ADHD.
Detection of Integrity Attacks in Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructures Using Ensemble Modeling

This paper presents an anomaly-based methodology for reliable detection of integrity attacks in cyber-physical critical infrastructures. Such malicious events compromise the smooth operation of the infrastructure while the attacker is able to exploit the respective resources according to his/her purposes. Even though the operator may not understand the attack, since the overall system appears to remain in a steady state, the consequences may be of catastrophic nature with a huge negative impact. Here, we apply a computational intelligent technique which incorporates the merits of two of the heterogeneous modeling approaches (linear time-invariant and neural networks), while considering both temporal and functional dependencies existing among the elements of an infrastructure. The experimental platform includes a power grid simulator of the IEEE 30 bus model and a cyber network emulator. Subsequently, we implemented a wide range of integrity attacks (replay, ramp, pulse, scaling, and random) with different intensity levels. A thorough evaluation procedure is carried out while the results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to produce a desired result in terms of false positive rate, false negative rate, and detection delay.
Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of a Novel Magnetic-Gear-Integrated Wind Power Generator Using Time-Stepping Finite Element Method

This paper presents a novel permanent-magnet (PM) machine for wind power generation. In order to achieve high power/torque density as well as get rid of the nuisances aroused by the mechanical gearbox, a coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) is engaged. Difierent from the existing integrated machine in which armature windings are deployed in the inner bore of the CMG as an individual part, stator windings are directly inserted among the slots between the ferromagnetic segments in this proposed machine. Thus, it can ofier several merits, such as simpler mechanical structure, better utilization of PM materials and lower manufacturing cost. Moreover, by artfully designing the connection of the armature windings, the electromagnetic coupling between the windings and the outer rotor PMs can be dramatically decreased, and the electromechanical energy conversion can be achieved by the fleld interaction between the inner rotor PMs and the armature windings.
Role of sexual and natural selection in evolution of body size and shape: a phylogenetic study of morphological radiation in grouse

We use standardized independent contrasts (SICs) to elucidate the effect of ecology and mating systems on morphological radiation in grouse. The analysis of SICs for 38 skeletal measurements from 20 taxa, showed that changes in mating system had a significant effect on body size of both sexes. Sexual size dimorphism in grouse is consistent with Rensch's rule; the slope of the regression of male vs. female size SICs was 1.4, significantly >1. Changes in habitat were associated with accelerated rates of evolution of body proportions. SICs for male and female scores of size independent factors were directly proportional to each other (slope = 1), indicating extreme similarities between male and female ecology. Females, however, were better adapted to longer, more energy efficient flight than males. Size independent morphological differences among grouse are adaptive and are related to the differences in habitat and foraging behaviour among the species.
Cytoarchitectural maps of the human brain in standard anatomical space

The remarkable intersubject variability of the human cerebral cortex poses major problems for the systematic study of functional‐structural relationships. Lack of homology and macroscopical landmarks between brains implies that one cannot in three or two dimensions find which part of one gyrus or sulcus matches which part of another subject's cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the frequent lack of correspondence between cytoarchitectural borders and the bottom of sulci invalidates correlations between gross morphology and microstructure. Therefore, we proposed that microstructural criteria should be used to define an anatomical space for comparison of individual brains and for establishing a probability map for each cytoarchitecturally defined area by quantitative means [Roland and Zilles, 1994; Trends Neurosci 17:458–467]. Here we examined the mapping of cytoarchitectural areas 4a, 4p, 3a, 3b, V1, and V2 into two commonly used anatomical standard reference spaces. Linear global transformations into Talairach space produced minimal overlap of corresponding cytoarchitectural areas. Global affine and nonaffine transformations into the anatomical space of the Human Brain Atlas (HBA) gave significantly larger volumes of overlap of corresponding cytoarchitectural areas. It is expected that local transformations can further improve the registration of corresponding cytoarchitectural areas and thereby define a common standard anatomical space in which to study variations in gross anatomical structure and function. Hum. Brain Mapping 5:222–227, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi-scale DBNs regression model and its application in wind speed forecasting

Recently, Deep belief networks(DBNs) have been applied in classification and regression, proved to be superior to general algorithms. But its powerful deep feature extraction ability has not yet been fully played so that a novel algorithm, multi-scale DBNs fusing wavelet transform(WT), is proposed in this paper. Based on the advantages of predicting high frequency components from WT by DBN confirmed, the method realizes the effective combination between WT and DBNs. Through the application of wind speed prediction which is typical time series, the results indicate the new algorithm can enhance the forecasting accuracy of DBNs further. At last, the analyzation of optimization for the multi-scale DBNs algorithm is also been done.
Skeletal muscle neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM): changes in protein and mRNA species during myogenesis of muscle cell lines

Qualitative and quantitative changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) protein and mRNA forms were measured during myogenesis in G8-1 and C2 cell lines. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that N-CAM was constitutively expressed by myoblasts in culture and that myotubes appeared to be stained more strongly. These changes were quantified using a dot blot assay. N-CAM levels increased almost 4-fold in G8-1 cells and 15-fold in C2 cells during myogenesis. The kinetics of accumulation of N-CAM were not coordinate with other muscle markers such as creatine kinase or acetylcholine receptor levels, since N-CAM accumulated significantly ahead of these markers. Immunoblotting showed that myogenesis was not associated with changes in the extent of sialylation of N-CAM. However, distinct changes in desialo forms were observed after neuraminidase treatment. Myogenesis was accompanied by increases in 125- and 155-kD desialo forms with minor changes in 120- and 145-kD forms. Biosynthetic labeling studies showed that myoblasts specifically expressed a transmembrane isoform of 145 kD that was phosphorylated and was down-regulated in myotubes. Pulse-chase analysis of myotubes showed that the 120-kD isoform and an isoform of 145 kD that co-migrated with, but was distinct from, the 145 kD transmembrane isoform of myoblasts were precursors of the 125- and 155-kD isoforms, respectively, that accumulated in myotubes. The 125- and 155-kD isoforms in myotubes are linked to the cell membrane via phosphatidylinositol linkage and can be released by phospholipase C. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C specifically released N-CAM from the myotube membrane generating N-CAM-free myotubes, while myoblasts were unaffected by this treatment. Three N-CAM mRNA species were observed in mouse muscle cell lines. Myoblasts were characterized by their expression of 6.7- and 5.2-kb transcripts while myotubes express 5.2- and 2.9-kb transcripts. Thus, myogenesis is qualitatively associated with a down regulation of the 6.7-kb transcript and an up regulation of the 5.2- and 2.9-kb transcript.