Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesh optimization Methodology for the Early-stage Design of On-chip Power / Ground ( P / G ) Networks

Owing to roaring current density, the worst-case IR drop of on-chip P/G grids becomes another style of the power constraint on floor-planning. Thus, it is very important to efficiently minimize the worst-case IR drop with the definite percentage of routing resource in early-stage P/G network design. In this paper, we propose a practical optimization method that uses ICCG algorithm to obtain the exact optimal solution for P/G meshes. In order to replace time-consuming ICCG algorithm for shortening optimization process, we give out a novel approach, named as ACD, to efficiently analyze P/G networks and certainly to speedup the optimization. Last, we present a theoretic method to directly calculate the optimal solution for fastest optimization. Shown with experimental data, the optimization methods construct single-peak solution spaces and the peaks are close so that designers can efficiently obtain the practical optimal solution based on the theoretic counterpart.
The properties of sensitive area predictions based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)

The spatial characteristics of ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) sensitive area predictions (SAPs) are explored using ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for the period of the 2003 North Atlantic THORPEX Regional Campaign. The ensemble size necessary for a robust sensitive area prediction is found to be surprisingly small: a 10‐member ensemble is capable of replicating approximately the same sensitive area structure as a 50‐member ensemble. This result is corroborated by the fact that the leading eigenvector of the ensemble perturbations explains over 70% of the ensemble variance and possesses a nearly identical spatial structure regardless of the ensemble size. The structures of the SAPs were found to vary with the lead‐time between the ensemble initialization and the adaptive observing time, indicating the necessity of using as recent an ensemble as possible in ensemble‐based sensitive area predictions. The ETKF SAPs exhibit similar structures at different levels in the atmosphere and there is no indication of a vertical tilt. A relationship is found between the SAPs and the zonal wind, horizontal temperature gradient and the Eady index, indicating that the ETKF identifies regions with significant gradients in the mass‐momentum field as regions of large initial error or large error growth. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Improving the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets by microRNA-21-loaded chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles via reverse transfection

Cell sheet engineering has emerged as a novel approach to effectively deliver seeding cells for tissue regeneration, and developing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) sheets with high osteogenic ability is a constant requirement from clinics for faster and higher-quality bone formation. In this work, we fabricated biocompatible and safe chitosan (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver microRNA-21 (miR-21), which has been proved to accelerate osteogenesis in hBMMSCs; then, the CS/HA/miR-21 NPs were cross-linked onto the surfaces of culture plates with 0.2% gel solution to fabricate miR-21-functionalized culture plates for reverse transfection. hBMMSC sheets were induced continuously for 14 days using a vitamin C-rich method on the miR-21-functionalized culture plates. For the characterization of CS/HA/miR-21 NPs, the particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, and gel retardation were sequentially investigated. Then, the biological effects of hBMMSC sheets on the miR-21-functionalized culture plates were evaluated. The assay results demonstrated that the hBMMSC sheets could be successfully induced via the novel reverse transfection approach, and miR-21 delivery significantly enhanced the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSC sheets in terms of upregulating calcification-related gene expression and enhancing alkaline phosphatase production, collagen secretion, and mineralized nodule formation. The enhanced osteogenic activity of hBMMSC sheets might promisingly lead to more rapid and more robust bone regeneration for clinical use.
The wiki as an integrative tool in project work

The paper provides insights on how wikis support project work and what characteristics of wikis make them adequate for this purpose. The findings are based on a case study of software engineering projects in an educational setting. Project wikis are found to serve an integrative role along several dimensions of project work, enabled by the flexibility and automatic support for capturing history offered by the technology. The findings demonstrate that a project wiki can serve as a knowledge repository, a means for staging the project, a coordination mechanism, and a shared workspace. To many projects in need of project management and collaboration support, project wikis should be seen as an attractive, lightweight, all-purpose alternative.
An Integrated Microfabricated Cell Sorter

We have developed an integrated microfabricated cell sorter using multilayer soft lithography. This integrated cell sorter is incorporated with various microfluidic func-tionalities, including peristaltic pumps, dampers, switch valves, and input and output wells, to perform cell sorting in a coordinated and automated fashion. The active volume of an actuated valve on this integrated cell sorter can be as small as 1 pL, and the volume of optical interrogation is ∼100 fL. Different algorithms of cell manipulation, including cell trapping, were implemented in these devices. We have also demonstrated sorting and recovery of Escherichia coli cells on the chip. Since the introduction of the first microfabricated electrokinetic analytical device in 1991, 1 much work has been focused on using electrokinetic forces to separate ionic species such as peptides and DNA fragments through capillary electrophoresis. 2-6 Gradually , it has become apparent that the true potential of microfab-ricated devices lies in the ability to integrate a complete analysis system " on chip ". Such a complete analysis system in a micro-fabricated device will need to perform more than just separation and detection. This " lab on a chip " will have to integrate functionalities such as sample handling, mixing, incubation, sorting, transportation, recovery, and automation for reproduc-ibility. Thus, other means of controlling fluid flow within the microfabricated devices have been studied. Dielectrophoresis 7,8 and pressure switching 9 have been used to create valveless switches for separation of particles and cells within microchannels. Spatially fixed temperature zones allow for incubation at various regions of the microchannels. 10 Multiple ports and plugs can dispense different reagents for dilution and enzymatic reactions. 11,12 Advances in developing an integrated analysis system have led to an emergence of chips that can perform enzymatic assays, 13,14 immunoassays, 2,15 polymerase chain reaction, 10,16 and cell sorting. 8,17 We previously described our efforts in developing a microfab-ricated elastomeric cell sorter. 17 Using electrokinetic flow, we demonstrated sample dispensing, interrogation, automation, sorting , and recovery. In this simple device, we separated living Escherichia coli cells expressing green fluorescent protein from nonfluorescent E. coli cells and extracted these cells from the device to regrow on agar plates. We achieved enrichments of 30-fold in a single pass, with 20% recovery of viable cells. The standard " forward " sorting algorithm consists of running the cells from the input channel to the waste channel until a cell's fluorescence goes above a preset threshold, at …
Do Good Recipes Need Butter ? Predicting User Ratings of Online Recipes

In this work, we investigated the automatic prediction of user ratings for recipes. Information including the ingredients, the instructions, and the reviews from Epicurious were fed into a machine learner, a multi-class support vector machine, to examine how reliable they are when predicting recipe ratings. Our results show that information from the reviews results in the most reliable predictions: we reached an accuracy of 62%. The problem is difficult, partly because of the skewing of the ratings: most recipes are rated with 3 or 4 out of 4 forks.
The scaffold protein Nde1 safeguards the brain genome during S phase of early neural progenitor differentiation

Successfully completing the S phase of each cell cycle ensures genome integrity. Impediment of DNA replication can lead to DNA damage and genomic disorders. In this study, we show a novel function for NDE1, whose mutations cause brain developmental disorders, in safeguarding the genome through S phase during early steps of neural progenitor fate restrictive differentiation. Nde1 mutant neural progenitors showed catastrophic DNA double strand breaks concurrent with the DNA replication. This evoked DNA damage responses, led to the activation of p53-dependent apoptosis, and resulted in the reduction of neurons in cortical layer II/III. We discovered a nuclear pool of Nde1, identified the interaction of Nde1 with cohesin and its associated chromatin remodeler, and showed that stalled DNA replication in Nde1 mutants specifically occurred in mid-late S phase at heterochromatin domains. These findings suggest that NDE1-mediated heterochromatin replication is indispensible for neuronal differentiation, and that the loss of NDE1 function may lead to genomic neurological disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03297. 001
Nitric oxide modulation of the electrically excitable skin of Xenopus laevis frog tadpoles

SUMMARY Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible signalling molecule with widespread effects on the integrative electrical properties of a variety of neuronal and muscle cells. We have explored the effects of NO on the cardiac-like impulse generated by skin cells of the hatchling Xenopus tadpole. Skin cell impulses propagate from cell to cell via gap junctions and form an unusual sensory system, which triggers escape behaviour at early stages of amphibian development. We show that the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) increases the duration of the skin impulse and slows the rate of impulse propagation across the skin, and also produces a significant depolarization of the membrane potential of skin cells. Each of these effects of SNAP is significantly reversed by the NO scavenger, C-PTIO. Possible sources of NO have been investigated using both NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and nNOS immunocytochemistry to label the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and DAF-2 to label NO itself. In each case a punctate distribution of skin cells is labelled, indicating that the endogenous production of NO may regulate the properties of the skin impulse.
Communication challenges raised by open co-operative teams in RoboCup

Present day teams taking part in RoboCup are typically developed by a single research group. There have been some examples of teams developed jointly by different labs and universities, but always under strong co-operation and management. It is scientifically very challenging to think of a situation where robots that were independently developed, by different research groups, manage to co-operate and form a joint team. These robots with different architectures and control software will undoubtedly have to achieve co-operation through some apriori strategic knowledge and communication throughout the game. This paper presents two scenarios, which are applications of the RoboCup domain, in order to stimulate research in this domain and to answer a recent challenge, in RoboCup Middle-size League, in which teams were confronted with a forced cooperation scenario in order to be qualified to participate. We emphasise several challenging aspects and situations where there can be an improvement to the present stateof-the-art in heterogeneous robot cooperation, and hope to contribute to raising new research issues in this matter.
Multiscale Finite Element Methods for Flows on Rough Surfaces

In this paper, we present the Multiscale Finite Element Method (MsFEM) for problems on rough heterogeneous surfaces. We consider the diffusion equation on oscillatory surfaces. Our objective is to represent small-scale features of the solution via multiscale basis functions described on a coarse grid. This problem arises in many applications where processes occur on surfaces or thin layers. We present a unified multiscale finite element framework that entails the use of transformations that map the reference surface to the deformed surface. The main ingredients of MsFEM are (1) the construction of multiscale basis functions and (2) a global coupling of these basis functions. For the construction of multiscale basis functions, our approach uses the transformation of the reference surface to a deformed surface. On the deformed sur- face, multiscale basis functions are defined where reduced (1D) problems are solved along the edges of coarse-grid blocks to calculate nodal multiscale basis functions. Fur- thermore, these basis functions are transformed back to the reference configuration. We discuss the use of appropriate transformation operators that improve the accuracy of the method. The method has an optimal convergence if the transformed surface is smooth and the image of the coarse partition in the reference configuration forms a quasiuniform partition. In this paper, we consider such transformations based on harmonic coordinates (following H. Owhadi and L. Zhang (Comm. Pure and Applied Math., LX(2007), pp. 675-723)) and discuss gridding issues in the reference configu- ration. Numerical results are presented where we compare the MsFEM when two types of deformations are used for multiscale basis construction. The first deformation employs local information and the second deformation employs a global information. Our numerical results show that one canimprovethe accuracyof the simulations when a global information is used.
Power transformer fault diagnosis using fuzzy logic technique based on dissolved gas analysis

The most common fault diagnosis method of power transformer is based on the Dissolved Gas-in-oil Analysis (DGA) of transformer oil. It is a sensitive and reliable technique for the detection of incipient fault condition within oil-immersed transformers. There are a number of methods developed for analyzing these gases and interpreting their significance such as Key Gas, Roger gas ratio, Doernenburg, IEC gas ratio and Duval Triangle. Although DGA has widely been used in the industry, this conventional method fails to diagnosis in some cases. This normally happens for those transformers which have more than one type of fault at the same time [6, 7]. To overcome this limitation, an expert system based on DGA for diagnosis of power transformer condition is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique combines three different DGA methods in one diagnosis scheme in order to overcome the limitation of each method stand alone. The three selected methods are Rogers, IEC and Duval. Moreover, this paper investigates the accuracy and consistency of three methods in interpreting the transformer condition by applying fuzzy logic technique in addition to a new final combined fuzzy system. The evaluation is carried out on DGA test data obtained from different literatures as a test data with size 100 cases. Finally, test was applied on DGA data of utility power transformers of MIDOR Refinery Company located in Alexandria, Egypt.
MULTIMEDIA BASED LEARNING MATERIALS FOR DEAF STUDENTS

Deaf students have different abilities from students who have the ability to hear a lesson at school. Barriers to hear experienced by students with hearing impairment can affect the language, academic, and social skills of deaf students. Deaf students can still obtain information from other senses that are still functioning, such as the senses of sight, touch, taste and smell or of residual hearing that still exist. In the world of education, one way to overcome this obstacle is by making multimedia based learning materials which consider the principles of learning for learners with hearing impairment; a series of development of the elements of audio, visual, and digital technology to facilitate the learning activities of deaf students so that the passion, quality, and achievement of deaf students can be improved. Article visualizations:
Collaborative Design in a Tabletop System employing Tangible User Interfaces

Tabletop systems including novel user interfaces provide an effective platform for design collaboration. This research studied the effects of a tabletop system with tangible user interfaces on designers' spatial cognition and design communication in collaborative design. The empirical results reveal that the use of TUIs changed designers' spatial cognition, and that these changes affected the design process by increasing characteristics associated with creative design processes.
Leucoagaricus decipiens and La. erythrophaeus, a new species pair in sect. Piloselli

Leucoagaricus decipiens and La. erythrophaeus, are described as new from Sardinia, Italy, and California, USA, respectively. These sister species show distinct reddening when touched on all parts of the basidiocarps and darken on drying. Their collariate lamellae, broadly cylindrical to utriform cheilocystidia and trichodermal pileus covering distinguish them morphologically from other species in sect. Piloselli, while nrITS and EF1-α sequences distinguish them from each other. Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus has been known under the name Lepiota roseifolia, but the type collection of this species does not fit the interpretation.
Understanding the (Im)mobilities of Engaging At-Risk Youth Through Art and Mobile Media

Teens in high school who have or are at-risk of dropping out of school confront a number of educational challenges. One of these challenges is the restricted mobility students face in school. Mobile media offers the potential to engage with art curricula inside or outside of the classroom. It also offers new ways of thinking about the role of mobility in learning and improving students’ sense of agency. In this study, we present our research with at-risk youth, who typically associated traditional schooling with a low sense of personal agency and spatial constraints. To judge by their responses (visual and verbal) to our mobile media visual art curriculum, the physical mobility afforded by mobile technology heightened their sense of agency and opened them to the possibility that learning might be a positive experience, and that they might want to be at school.
Brassica napus PHR1 Gene Encoding a MYB-Like Protein Functions in Response to Phosphate Starvation

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrient elements for plant development. In this work, BnPHR1 encoding a MYB transcription activator was isolated from Brassica napus. The characterization of nuclear localization and transcription activation ability suggest BnPHR1 is a transcriptional activator. The tissue expression and histochemical assay showed that BnPHR1 was predominantly expressed in roots and modulated by exogenous Pi in transcriptional level in roots under Pi deficiency conditions. Furthermore, overexpression of BnPHR1 in both Arabidopsis and B. napus remarkably enhanced the expression of the Pi-starvation-induced genes including ATPT2 and BnPT2 encoding the high-affinity Pi transporter. Additionally, BnPHR1 can in vivo bind the promoter sequence of ATPT2 and BnPT2 in both Arabidopsis and B. napus. Possibly, due to the activation of ATPT2 and BnPT2, or even more high-affinity Pi transporters, the excessive Pi was accumulated in transgenic plants, resulting in the crucially Pi toxicity to cells and subsequently retarding plant growth. Given the data together, BnPHR1, as crucial regulator, is regulated by exogenous Pi and directly activates those genes, which promote the uptake and homeostasis of Pi for plant growth.
Role of Putative Loops 2 and 3 in Imipenem Passage through the Specific Porin OprD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Mutant proteins with eight amino acid deletions in putative surface loops 2 and 3 of the imipenem-specific porin OprD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa failed to reconstitute imipenem susceptibility in anoprD-deficient background. The loop 3 deletion prevented the ability of imipenem to inhibit KCl conductance through the OprD channel, as previously shown for a loop 2 deletion. This suggests that both loops 2 and 3 have a role in imipenem binding to the OprD channel.
BEHAVIORAL FACTORS OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT FOR EXECUTIVE STOCK OPTION EXERCISE DECISIONS

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji faktor-faktor keperilakuan eksekutif atas perilaku pengelolaan laba berkaitan dengan program penawaran opsi saham eksekutif pada perusahaan-perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Konsisten dengan Heath dan Huddart (1998) bahwa eksekusi terhadap opsi saham eksekutif merupakan respon terhadap pergerakan harga saham. Penelitian ini mengirim 75 kuesioner dan kembali sebanyak 52, tetapi 2 kuesioner tidak menjawab secara lengkap dan dikeluarkan sebagai sampel, sehingga sampel akhir sebanyak 50. Analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda terdiri atas 3 (tiga) variabel indepeden dan 1 variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai opsi saham dan desain kompensasi menjadi faktor yang dipertimbangkan manajer untuk melakukan pengelolaan laba, namun tidak demikian untuk faktor pengukuran kinerja. Semakin besar nilai kompensasi yang diterima, semakin besar kemungkinan manajer melakukan pengelolaan laba. Sebagai tambahan, kompensasi jangka panjang menunjukkan desain penghargaan kepada para eksekutif yang memiliki kemampuan dan loyalitas yang tinggi, sehingga mengikat untuk jangka waktu panjang melalui opsi saham eksekutif. Hal tersebut semakin memotivasi eksekutif untuk meningkatkan kinerja mereka melalui pengelolan laba karena untung diperoleh dari perbedaan antara harga pasar pada saat jatuh tempo dengan harga eksekusi pada tanggal hibah.
Practical Algorithmic Techniques for Several String Processing Problems

The domains of data mining and knowledge discovery make use of large amounts of textual data, which need to be handled efficiently. Specific problems, like finding the maximum weight ordered common subset of a set of ordered sets or searching for specific patterns within texts, occur frequently in this context. In this paper we present several novel and practical algorithmic techniques for processing textual data (strings) in order to efficiently solve multiple problems. Our techniques make use of efficient string algorithms and data structures, like KMP, suffix arrays, tries and deterministic finite automata.