Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the SOCS2–elongin C–elongin B complex defines a prototypical SOCS box ubiquitin ligase

Growth hormone (GH) signaling is tightly controlled by ubiquitination of GH receptors, phosphorylation levels, and accessibility of binding sites for downstream signaling partners. Members of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family function as key regulators at all levels of this pathway, and mouse knockout studies implicate SOCS2 as the primary suppressor. To elucidate the structural basis for SOCS2 function, we determined the 1.9-Å crystal structure of the ternary complex of SOCS2 with elongin C and elongin B. The structure defines a prototypical SOCS box ubiquitin ligase with a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain as a substrate recognition motif. Overall, the SOCS box and SH2 domain show a conserved spatial domain arrangement with the BC box and substrate recognition domain of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, suggesting a common mechanism of ubiquitination in these cullin-dependent E3 ligases. The SOCS box binds elongin BC in a similar fashion to the VHL BC box and shows extended structural conservation with the F box of the Skp2 ubiquitin ligase. A previously unrecognized feature of the SOCS box is revealed with the burial of the C terminus, which packs together with the N-terminal extended SH2 subdomain to create a stable interface between the SOCS box and SH2 domain. This domain organization is conserved in SOCS1–3 and CIS1, which share a strictly conserved length of their C termini, but not in SOCS4, 5, and 7, which have extended C termini defining two distinct classes of inter- and intramolecular SOCS box interactions.
Adaptive Spectral–Spatial Compression of Hyperspectral Image With Sparse Representation

Sparse representation (SR) can transform spectral signatures of hyperspectral pixels into sparse coefficients with very few nonzero entries, which can efficiently be used for compression. In this paper, a spectral-spatial adaptive SR (SSASR) method is proposed for hyperspectral image (HSI) compression by taking advantage of the spectral and spatial information of HSIs. First, we construct superpixels, i.e., homogeneous regions with adaptive sizes and shapes, to describe HSIs. Since homogeneous regions usually consist of similar pixels, pixels within each superpixel will be similar and share similar spectral signatures. Then, the spectral signatures of each superpixel can be simultaneously coded in the SR model to exploit their joint sparsity. Since different superpixels generally have different performances of SR, their rate-distortion performances in the sparse coding will be different. To achieve the best possible overall rate-distortion performance, an adaptive coding scheme is introduced to adaptively assign distortions to superpixels. Finally, the obtained sparse coefficients are quantized and entropy coded and constitute the final bitstream with the coded superpixel map. The experimental results over several HSIs show that the proposed SSASR method outperforms some state-of-the-art HSI compression methods in terms of the rate-distortion and spectral fidelity performances.
Manifold-coupled switched filter bank implementing filters with embedded switches

A switched filter bank with 2N states for an N channel system is designed, fabricated, and tested. The design implements input and output manifold-coupled multiplexers with tunable filters. The bandwidth associated with a channel filter can be added or removed by actuating switches placed within the filter itself. This type of tuning allows for the switching of channel filters without affecting the other filters connected to the manifold. The concept is demonstrated using coplanar waveguide filters and diplexers.
People re-identification using two-stage transfer metric learning

With assumptions that people usually do not change their clothes during an observation period, people appearance data are easily outdated in re-identification applications. This raises the over-fitting problem because only a few training data are available for learning statistical models. In this paper, we propose a two-stage transfer metric learning approach for multiple-shot people re-identification to tackle this small training data problem. In the first stage, we transfer the generic knowledge from a large existing dataset, and in the second stage, we transfer the learned distance metric for each probe-specific person using the side-information. Experimental results on several public benchmark datasets show that our proposed approach is superior over conventional approaches.
Lethal Action of Quinolones against a Temperature-Sensitive dnaB Replication Mutant of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Inhibition of DNA replication in an Escherichia coli dnaB-22 mutant failed to block quinolone-mediated lethality. Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol inhibited nalidixic acid lethality and, to a lesser extent, ciprofloxacin lethality in both dnaB-22 and wild-type cells. Thus, major features of quinolone-mediated lethality do not depend on ongoing replication.
Lightweight Superscalar Task Execution in Distributed Memory

Arguably, we have yet to find a solution to the burden of multicore distributed programming facing domain scientists. This burden has been exacerbated by the increasing size of multicores, increasing the effect of any excess synchronization. To deal with these difficulties, numerical algorithms are re-engineered as sequences of interdependent tile-based tasks which can be executed by a dynamic runtime environment. We present a new runtime environment for distributed architectures which uses superscalar scheduling concepts. Tasks are inserted serially, and the runtime determines the dependencies dynamically and manages data movement transparently. QUARK-D (QUeuing and Runtime for Kernels on Distributed Memory) is shown to scale to O(1000) cores for linear algebra algorithms and have competitive performance. The primary message of this research is that scalable and competitive performance can be achieved by a distributed-memory execution system using superscalar scheduling ideas where serial code is the input and parallel execution correctness is guaranteed.
Neural Correlates of Risky Decision Making in Adolescents With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury Using the Balloon Analog Risk Task

We studied risky decision making (RDM) in 8 healthy adolescents (TC) and 11 adolescents with mild to moderate traumatic brain injuries (TBI) using the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants inflated simulated balloons (with more points awarded to bigger balloons), which might burst at any time. Increasing brain activation levels were associated with increasing balloon size in a largely bilateral network, including cerebellar, inferior parietal, limbic, and frontal areas. Both groups performed similarly and activated similar networks.
Autonomous Mission Planning for a Distributed Surveillance System

Distributed, mobile surveillance systems offer advantages over conventional stationary sensing modalities by exploiting their ability to adapt to the environment and provide mukiple views of a scene for interpretation. By using mobile robotic technologies to autonomously position sensors in the workspace, a single user can control such a surveillance system as if it were a single logical entity. In addition to the infrastructure necessary for cooperative perception algorithms to interpret a scene, a framework must be available for automatic tasking of sensing agents to increase the user's battlefield/workspace awareness in time-critical situations. Such a system must accept high-level surveillance commands, task the available sensing agents, coordinate inter-robot conflicts and motions, and provide timely feedback and results to the user. This research presents a mission coordination architecture known as the Checkpoint~Priority~Action Database (CPAD) that is capable of these tasks. 1.1 Motivation Reconnaissance, surveillance and security operations are time-consuming, tedious and potentially dangerous but critical to the success of military and other security organizations. Recently, the U.S. Department of Defense has begun incorporating robotic technologies in an attempt to automate such routine and dangerous tasks while reducing human risks and casualties [Kiplinger, 20001. The goal of Carnegie Mellon University's CyberScout project is to create robotic mobile and stationary sentries that extend tlie sphere of awareness of human operators. By increasing sensory "reach", giving the robots a significant degree of autonomy and providing the ability to task multiple platforms as a single logical entity, CyberScout seeks to augment human capabilities, reduce exposure to risk and present timely, relevant information to the user. 1.2 The CyberScout Platforms In pursuing these goals, we have created a group of two mobile and four stationary sentries (CyberScouts). The mobile sentries are retrofitted Polaris All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) (Figure 1.1) with automated throttle, steering, gearing and braking and computation for control, navigation, perception and communication. Each ATV has multiple cameras for both navigation and surveillance. The automatic steering, gearing and braking are actuated by hydraulics, while the throttle is controlled by an R/C servo motor placed in-line with the throttle cable. A 2.5-kW generator provides auxiliary power for the hydraulics, sensors and on-board processors. The computational architecture is two-tiered: locomotion control is performed by a PC/104, while planning, perception and communications are performed by three 350-MHz Pentium II PCs. Navigational sensing is performed by 20-cm-resolution NovAtel differential GPS. Perceptual sensing is primarily achieved with vision, which we are trying …
Lazy Local Search Meets Machine Scheduling

We study the restricted case of Scheduling on Unrelated Parallel Machines. In this problem, we are given a set of jobs $J$ with processing times $p_j$ and each job may be scheduled only on some subset of machines $S_j \subseteq M$. The goal is to find an assignment of jobs to machines to minimize the time by which all jobs can be processed. In a seminal paper, Lenstra, Shmoys, and Tardos designed an elegant $2$-approximation for the problem in 1987. The question of whether approximation algorithms with better guarantees exist for this classic scheduling problem has since remained a source of mystery. In recent years, with the improvement of our understanding of Configuration LPs, it now appears an attainable goal to design such an algorithm. Our main contribution is to make progress towards this goal. When the processing times of jobs are either $1$ or $e\in (0,1)$, we design an approximation algorithm whose guarantee tends to $1 + \sqrt{3}/2 \approx 1.8660254,$ for the interesting cases when $e\to 0$. This improves on the $2-e_0$ guarantee recently obtained by Chakrabarty, Khanna, and Li for some constant $e_0 > 0$.
Macroglial alterations after isolated optic nerve sheath fenestration in rabbit.

PURPOSE To study the modifications undergone by the macroglial cells after meningeal breach of the optic nerve in the rabbit, without optic neuropathy. METHODS The optic nerve sheath fenestration technique carried out in humans was adapted to rabbit without axonal injury in the optic nerve. The effects of meningeal fenestration on glial cells were examined by immunocytochemical procedures (day 15) using the antibodies against two astrocyte markers: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Proliferation of glial cells was evaluated with single 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling or double GFAP and BrdU labelings. Qualitative data on glial cells were evaluated with the electron microscope. RESULTS Optic nerve sheath fenestration on healthy adult rabbits resulted in a decrease of volume of the subarachnoid space located at the level of the meningeal scar, with a significant increase of the optic nerve area. The meninges presented a fibrous scar. In the optic nerve parenchyma, astrocytes appeared hypertrophic in the vicinity of the fenestration. The whole nerve contains numerous BrdU-labeled mitotic cells, a number of which double-labeled for both BrdU and GFAP belong to the astrocyte line. There was no loss of optic nerve axons. CONCLUSIONS The inflammation produced by the surgical breach of the peri-optic meningeal sheaths induces a significant reactivity, including proliferation of astrocytes in the optic nerve. Reactive astrocytes may interact positively with axons and may modify the extracellular environment in the optic nerve.
Comparison of the postural and physiological effects of two dynamic workstations to conventional sitting and standing workstations

Abstract Increasing evidence is being found for the association of health risk factors with work-related physical inactivity. An increasing number of people are being exposed to this form of inactivity, and as a result, various interventions aimed at increasing physical activity during working hours are being developed. This study aims to investigate the differences in postural, muscular and physical activities resulting from two dynamic workstations, namely an elliptical trainer and a treadmill workstation, compared with a conventional sitting and standing workstation. Twelve participants completed five standardised office tasks in a laboratory setting at all workstations. No significant effect was found regarding changes in posture and the muscular activity was only significantly higher for the trapezius muscle (50th percentile: 8.1 %MVC) at the dynamic workstations. For the dynamic workstations, physical activity ranged from 4.0 to 14.9 × 10−2 g, heart rate from 14.3 to 27.5 %HRR and energy expenditure from 1.8 to 3.1 METs. Practitioner Summary: Work-related physical inactivity is associated with health risk factors. In this study, physiological and postural effects of dynamic workstations were assessed in comparison to conventional workstations. No significant effects were found regarding changes in posture and muscular activity. Physical activity, heart rate and energy expenditure increased for the dynamic workstations.
Detecting the Common and Individual Effects of Rare Variants on Quantitative Traits by Using Extreme Phenotype Sampling

Next-generation sequencing technology has made it possible to detect rare genetic variants associated with complex human traits. In recent literature, various methods specifically designed for rare variants are proposed. These tests can be broadly classified into burden and nonburden tests. In this paper, we take advantage of the burden and nonburden tests, and consider the common effect and the individual deviations from the common effect. To achieve robustness, we use two methods of combining p-values, Fisher’s method and the minimum-p method. In rare variant association studies, to improve the power of the tests, we explore the advantage of the extreme phenotype sampling. At first, we dichotomize the continuous phenotypes before analysis, and the two extremes are treated as two different groups representing a dichotomous phenotype. We next compare the powers of several methods based on extreme phenotype sampling and random sampling. Extensive simulation studies show that our proposed methods by using extreme phenotype sampling are the most powerful or very close to the most powerful one in various settings of true models when the same sample size is used.
Multi-camera collision detection between known and unknown objects

Today, real-time collision detection is a basic demand for many applications. While collision tests between known (modeled) objects have been around for quite a while, collision detection of known objects with dynamic, unknown (sensor-detected) objects remains a challenging field of research, especially when it comes to real-time requirements. The collision test described in this paper is based on several stationary, calibrated video cameras, each supervising the entire 3-dimensional space shared by unknown and known objects (e.g. humans and robots). Based on their images, potential collisions of the known objects in any of their (future) configurations with a priori unknown dynamic obstacles are detected. Occlusions caused by known objects (such as the robot or machinery set-up within the workspace) are detected and addressed in a safe manner by exploiting the geometrical information of the known objects and the epipolar line geometry of the calibrated cameras in a decision fusion process. The algorithm can be parameterized to adapt to different application demands. Experimental validation shows that real-time behaviour is possible in the presence of highly dynamic unknown obstacles as they occur when humans and robots share the same workspace for the accomplishment of a shared task. In effect, the vision-based collision test can safely be used for human-robot cooperation, intrusion detection, velocity damping, or obstacle avoidance.
Employment Outcomes of Youth With Disabilities in Vocational Rehabilitation

The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to examine the relationship between individual factors and rehabilitation outcomes of transition youth with disabilities receiving state vocational rehabilitation services and (b) to determine the contextual effects of state unemployment rate on the employment outcomes of transition youth and its potential interactions with personal and service factors. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report (RSA-911) data for fiscal year 2013. Results show that state unemployment rates were found to moderate the relationships between some demographic and service variables and successful competitive employment. These results indicate the importance of contextual variables, such as state unemployment rates, and their impact on the predictive strength of specific personal and service variables on employment outcomes of youth with disabilities. Implications for vocational rehabilitation services and policy, and future research are discussed.
Food fortification improves the intake of all fortified nutrients, but fails to meet the estimated dietary requirements for vitamins A and B6, riboflavin and zinc, in lactating South African women

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of fortification by comparing food records and selected biochemical indicators of nutritional status pre- and post-fortification. Design Mean intake from 24 h recalls (n 142) was compared with the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to determine the proportion with inadequate intake. In a subsample (n 34), diet and serum retinol, folate, ferritin and Zn were compared pre- and post-fortification for fortified nutrients vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, Fe and Zn. Setting South Africa. Subjects Breast-feeding women (ninety-four HIV-infected, forty eight HIV-uninfected) measured at ∼6, 14, 24 weeks, and 9 and 12 months postpartum. Results Pre-fortification, >80 % of women did not meet the EAR for vitamins A, C, D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12 and folate and minerals Zn, iodine and Ca. Dietary intake post-fortification increased for all fortified nutrients. In post-fortification food records, >70 % did not meet the EAR for Zn and vitamins A, riboflavin and B6. Serum folate and Zn increased significantly post-fortification (P < 0·001 for both), with no change in ferritin and a reduction in retinol. Post-fortification marginal/deficient folate status was reduced (73·5 % pre v. 3·0 % post; P < 0·001), as was Zn deficiency (26·5 % pre v. 5·9 % post; P < 0·05). Pre- and post-fortification, >93 % were retinol replete. There was no change in Fe deficiency (16·7 % pre v. 19·4 % post; P = 0·728). Conclusions Micronutrient intake improved with fortification, but >70 % of lactating women did not meet the EAR for Zn, vitamins A, riboflavin and B6. Although 100 % exceeded the EAR for Fe after fortification, Fe status did not improve.
Self-learning PD game with imperfect information on networks

In this paper, we discuss the Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) Game with imperfect information on complex networks. The players are assumed to know no information of the strategies of their opponents, and they have to make decisions only by learning from the limited history of their own. We present a self-learning rule for strategy update of the players and carry out numerical simulations for the evolution of the PD games on Barabási-Albert (BA) scale-free networks and periodical boundary lattices (PBLs). The results show that the underlying network structures have a strong effect on the cooperation level and the wealth distribution of the players. It is also shown that making use of longer memory does not need to promote the cooperation frequency and wealth level in the game. This indicates that there should exists an optimal memory length for given parameters of the payoff matrix. Moreover, it is found that larger temptation of defection will tend to decreasing the cooperation frequency and increase the wealth.
Stirling distributions and Stirling numbers of the second kind. Computational problems in statistics

The left-truncated generalized Poisson distribution belongs to the family of the modified power series distributions. Using sufficiency and completeness of £^ x. (min x ,, $3 x 0) respectively, when the truncation point is known (resp. unknown), the minimum variance unbiased (M.V.U) estimator for certain functions of the parameter $ (resp. 0, r) involved in these distributions can be obtained (see Charalambides [3,4], Jani [10], Voinov-Nikulin [23]). These distributions, as well as the corresponding M.V. U estimators, was expressed in terms of the modified Stirling numbers of the second kind (S.N.S.K). In this paper we give some ways to compute these numbers: first we summarize some usual and less standard identities or relations affecting the S.N. S.K. Some basic properties are given and discussed in view of calculation. Then, by generalizing asymptotic estimates of the usual S.N. S.K, we give and discuss alternative ways to compute the modified S.N. S.K.
Resolving Plan Ambiguity for Cooperative Response Generation

Recognizing the plan underlying a query aids in the generation of an appropriate response In this paper we address the problem of how to generate cooperative responses when the user s plan is ambiguous We show that it is not al ways necessary to resolve the ambiguity and provide a procedure that estimates whether the ambiguity matters to the task of formulating a response If the ambiguity does matter we propose to resolve the ambiguity by entering into a clari cation dialogue with the user and provide a procedure that performs this task Together these procedures allow a question answering system to take advantage of the in teractive and collaborative nature of dialogue in recognizing plans and resolving ambiguity
Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game in Random Scale-Free Graphs

In this paper we study the cooperative behavior of agents playing the Prisoner's Dilemma game in random scale-free networks. We show that the survival of cooperation is enhanced with respect to random homogeneous graphs but, on the other hand, decreases when compared to that found in Barabasi–Albert scale-free networks. We show that the latter decrease is related to the structure of cooperation. Additionally, we present a mean field approximation for studying evolutionary dynamics in networks with no degree-degree correlations and with arbitrary degree distribution. The mean field approach is similar to the one used for describing the disease spreading in complex networks, making a further compartmentalization of the strategists partition into degree-classes. We show that this kind of approximation is suitable to describe the behavior of the system for a particular set of initial conditions, such as the placement of cooperators in the higher-degree classes, while it fails to reproduce the level of cooperation observed in the numerical simulations for arbitrary initial configurations.