Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AS RELAÇÕES SIMBÓLICAS E A MOTIVAÇÃO NO TRABALHO VOLUNTÁRIO

El proposito de este articulo es entender las relaciones simbolicas que involucran la motivacion en el trabajo voluntario. La parte empirica del articulo fue desarrollada en la Associacao Voluntaria da Apae (Avapae) de Venda Nova do Imigrante, Brasil. El articulo se legitima por la relevancia del estudio de las organizaciones a traves de enfoques centrados en el simbolismo organizacional (Morgan, Frost & Pondy, 1983; Gioia, 1986; Carrieri & Saraiva, 2007). El articulo se basa en el reconocimiento de la relacion entre la construccion social de la realidad (Berger & Luckmann, 1985) de los voluntarios y sus representaciones de la motivacion que envuelven una subjetividad (Rey, 2005) que se articula en los aspectos especificos del trabajo voluntario. Los datos empiricos fueron recolectados a traves de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 14 voluntarios de Avapae, de observacion no participante durante tres meses en el local de trabajo de los voluntarios y de analisis de documentos. Los datos fueron analizados con la tecnica de analisis de contenido. Para las entrevistadas, el trabajo esta relacionado con la capacidad de, mediante un trabajo de artesania, producirse significados, como ayudar a los demas, divertirse y cambiar la rutina, entre otros. Se observo que la motivacion a traves de los significados de la participacion voluntaria se basa en la sensacion de ser parte de algo o hacer un camino en un sentido ser importante en el entorno social (Palassi & Vervloet, 2011). La investigacion ha mostrado que el contexto de Avapae es complejo, impregnado de simbolismo y multiples subjetividades, especialmente los de las construcciones sociales de los residentes de Venda Nova do Imigrante, fuera de la organizacion estudiada. El “venda-novense” surgio como producto y productor del simbolismo que rodea a la motivacion para el voluntariado. Como contribucion final del trabajo, se argumenta que las formas de abordar la motivacion para el voluntariado deberian considerar la accion de estos actores sociales y sus contextos de insercion, mediante intercambios simbolicos en la organizacion y en la sociedad en general, como se ha percibido en la comunidad “venda-novense”.
Sticky Places in Slippery Space: A Typology of Industrial Districts*

Identifies and assesses three types of industrial districts that exist as alternatives to the "new industrial district" model, to remark on the limits of a locally targeted development strategy. Industrial districts are defined as sizable and spatially delimited areas of trade-oriented economic activity with a distinct specialization. "Sticky places" are industrial districts with the ability to both attract and keep capital and labor, despite globalizing tendencies. Especially in advanced capitalist countries, corporations are faced with the problem of maintaining income-generating activities rather than outsourcing labor to developing countries. This analysis rejects the "new industrial district" (NID) traditionally offered as a solution - that is, the proposed "flexibly specialized" scenario of small, innovative firms in a successful system of industrial governance. Metropolitan growth since 1970 was studied for four countries - the United States, Japan, Korea, and Brazil -and include one case in each country that conformed to the NID, as well as three to five others that did not. Utilizing interviews and examination of documents, three alternative models emerged -- the hub-and-spoke district, the satellite industrial platform, and the state-centered district. These models reject the NID emphasis on small firms, instead demonstrating the power of the state and/or multinational corporations. As opposed to the NID internal emphasis, the proposed models are exogenously driven and allow increased networking across districts. Districts emerge as a result of multiple forces, including industry structures, cororate strategies and public policies. The study of industrial districts needs to move away from the NID model, encompassing a greater variety of firms, and analyzing more closely their links to the larger industry and global economy from which they emerge. (CJC)
Air Hook: Data preloading user interface

In this paper, we introduce an “Air Hook” user interface that provides a better user experience while using smart devices. Mobile device and computer interface technology are getting smarter recently than ever. With this trend, we introduce the "Air Hook" interface, which preloads web data and local application data before the user requests to load contents. Then it can reduce the response time of user interface. The context awareness is required to detect and predict user intention. We present the concept of the Air Hook interface and the user intention detection algorithm for implementation and show effectiveness of the "Air Hook" interface with the experimental results.
Earnings management practices among growth and value firms

This research examines the earnings management practices of growth versus value firms. We predict that growth firms have more incentive to ‘manage their earnings’ and that they do so more aggressively as compared to value firms. The primary reason for this behaviour is that information asymmetries are more severe for growth firms. Using a sample of firms over the period from 1997 through 2001, this study finds that growth firms tend to manage their earnings upward and downward more aggressively than value firms. These results are robust to using different components of discretionary total accruals as a measure for earnings management and after controlling for other factors.
On the Optimal Bit Complexity of Circulant Binary Embedding

Binary embedding refers to methods for embedding points in Rd into vertices of a Hamming cube of dimension k, such that the normalized Hamming distance well preserves the pre-defined similarity between vectors in the original space. A common approach to binary embedding is to use random projection with unstructured projection, followed by one-bit quantization to produce binary codes, which has been proven that k = O(ε-2 log n) is required to approximate the angle up to epsilon-distortion, where n is the number of data. Of particular interest in this paper is circulant binary embedding (CBE) with angle preservation, where a random circulant matrix is used for projection. It yields comparable performance while achieving the nearly linear time and space complexities, compared to embedding methods relying on unstructured projection. To support promising empirical results, several non-asymptotic analysis have been introduced to establish conditions on the number of bits to meet epsilon-distortion embedding, where one of state-of-the-art achieves the optimal sample complexity k = O(ε-3 log n) while the distortion rate ε-3 is far from the optimality, compared to k = O(ε-2 log n). In this paper, to support promising empirical results of CBE, we extend the previous theoretical framework to address the optimal condition on the number of bits, achieving that CBE with k = O(ε-2 log n) approximates the angle up to ε-distortion under mild assumptions. We also provide numerical experiments to support our theoretical results.
Inequality under the Labour government

This Briefing Note will provide a brief analysis of changes to income inequality since the Labour government came to power in 1997.1 The most recent data from 2001-02 show that there has been little change in income inequality since 2000-01. An implication of this is that there has been little impact upon the slight upward trend in inequality that has been experienced over Labour's term in government.
A Compact Ultrawideband Slotted Patch Antenna for Wireless USB Dongle Application

A compact planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna suitable for wireless universal serial bus (USB) dongle application is presented. By simply cutting notches and embedding types of slots into a rectangular patch, multiple resonances with effective bandwidth enhancement were achieved. A prototype of the proposed antenna was constructed and measured to show an ultrawide operating band with 10-dB return-loss bandwidth of about 10.42 GHz ranging from 2.86 to 13.38 GHz, which sufficiently covers the operating band, 3.1-10.6 GHz, of the new wireless personal area network (WPAN) using UWB technique. Also, monopole-like radiation patterns and larger than 3 dBi of peak antenna gain have been measured across the operating band. This design has an overall size of only 11 × 15 × 0.8 mm3 and is very suitable for use in an USB device.
Asset-based community development as applied to tourism in Tibet

This article is one of the first tourism studies to adopt the asset-based community development (ABCD) approach. It explores the potential of the ABCD approach to tourism development as a poverty alleviation strategy. The study was undertaken in Lhasa, Tibet. Photo-elicitation interviews, focus group interviews, and a questionnaire-based survey were used. It was found that the Tibetan young hosts had a good knowledge of local assets. They identified five categories of local assets as having the most potential to be developed as tourism attractions in the near future. The identified tourism assets were world heritage sites, religious sites, traditional Tibetan yards, daily life and customs, and Tibetan medicines – the last four assets were undeveloped ones. Clear perceptions on the value of the assets, as well as the difficulty and desirability of their development in the future were also mapped, using repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. Through the process of assessing the tourism assets, this study identified in a preliminary way that adopting the ABCD approach to poverty alleviation through tourism is feasible. By mapping other assets in the community (e.g. human, social, financial, and physical), a further and more complete test of the approach can be undertaken. Examining these assets may also reveal more ideas for the community's common future. Theoretically, this work adds to the conceptual approaches for community-based tourism development work. Methodologically, this study illustrates research techniques for obtaining emic voices in a marginal and politically charged environment. The extensive use of the participants’ images as a basis for discussion was of particular note. Practically, this research offers both general and detailed suggestions for the Lhasa Government and its community work, especially ways to approach and access community perspectives.
Censored Normal Regression with Measurement Error on the Dependent Variable

When zero mean measurement error is added to the dependent variable for the nonlimit observations of the censored normal regression model, the conventional maximum likelihood estimator (Tobit) is inconsistent. "Correct" maximum likelihood estimation appears to be computationally difficult under various specifications for the distribution of the measurement error. Estimators based on either the expectation function or the conditional expectation function for uncensored observations remain consistent in the presence of measurement error. Eight such estimators are examined. The results of a numerical experiment suggest that several of these estimators are substantially more efficient than the conventional maximum likelihood estimator when measurement error exists and that they also will do reasonably well when it does not.
A molecular profile of the mouse gastric parietal cell with and without exposure to Helicobacter pylori

The parietal cell (PC) plays an important role in normal gastric physiology and in common diseases of the stomach. Although the genes involved in acid secretion are well known, there is limited molecular information about other aspects of PC function. We have generated a comprehensive database of genes expressed preferentially in PCs relative to other gastric mucosal cell lineages. PCs were purified from FVB/N mouse stomachs by lectin panning. cRNA generated from PC-enriched (PC+) and PC-depleted (PC−) populations were used to query oligonucleotide-based microarrays. False-positive signals were filtered by using a new algorithm for noise reduction and selected results independently audited by real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The annotated database of 240 genes reveals previously unappreciated aspects of cellular function, including factors that may mediate PC regulation of gastric stem cell proliferation. PC+ and PC− expression profiles were also prepared from germ-free mice 2 and 8 weeks after colonization with a clinical isolate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)—the pathogen that produces acid-peptic disease (gastritis, ulcers) in humans. Whereas PC+ gene expression was remarkably constant, the PC− fractions demonstrated a robust, evolving host response, with increased expression of genes involved in cell motility/migration, extracellular matrix interactions, and IFN responses. The consistency of PC+ gene expression allowed identification of a cohort of 92 genes enriched in PCs under all conditions studied. These genes provide a molecular profile that can be used to define this epithelial lineage under a variety of physiologic, pharmacologic, and pathologic stimuli.
Noninvasive Detection of Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Reversible Ischemia from Reductions in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relaxation Time, T2

The hypothesis was tested that hypoperfused brain regions, such as the ischemic penumbra, are detectable by reductions in absolute transverse relaxation time constant (T2) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To accomplish this, temporal evolution of T2 was measured in several models of hypoperfusion and focal cerebral ischemia in the rat at 9.4 T. Occurrence of acute ischemia was determined through the absolute diffusion constant Dav = 1/3Trace [double overline] D, while perfusion was assessed by dynamic contrast imaging. Three types of regions at risk of infarction could be distinguished: (1) areas with reduced T2 (4% to 15%, all figures relative to contralateral hemisphere) and normal Dav, corresponding to hypoperfusion without ischemia; (2) areas with both reduced T2 (4% to 12%) and Dav (22% to 49%), corresponding to early hypoperfusion with ischemia; (3) areas with increased T2 (2% to 9%) and reduced Dav (28% to 45%), corresponding to irreversible ischemia. In the first two groups, perfusion-deficient regions detected by bolus tracking were similar to those with initially reduced T2. In the third group, bolus tracking showed barely detectable arrival of the tracer in the region where Dav was reduced. We conclude that T2 reduction in acute ischemia can unambiguously identify regions at risk and potentially discriminate between reversible and irreversible hypoperfusion and ischemia.
Young Corn Ear Addition Improves Some Nutrients and Lowering Glycemic Index of Chiffon Cake

The effects of partial replacement of wheat flour with young corn ear (YCE) on sensory properties and glycemic index (GI) of chiffon cake were investigated. Dried YCE was processed into powdered form and added in chiffon cake formulations to replace wheat flour partially at concentrations of 0 (control), 10%, 20% and 30%. Protein, ash and dietary fibre contents of chiffon cake added with YCE powder were increased in line with the levels of YCE used. Even though protein content of YCE-based cakes increased in line (13.3% to 15.7%) with the levels of YCE (10% to 30%), but there was no significant difference compared to control. Sensory evaluation results indicate that partial replacement of wheat flour with up to 10% is satisfactory as compared to other levels of wheat flour replacement. Interestingly, addition of YCE at 10% to partially replace wheat flour resulted in reduction of postprandial blood glucose response. The GI value for chiffon cake added with YCE was 49 lower than control cake which recorded GI value at 60. In conclusion, novel food ingredient of YCE can be incorporated in selected bakery products to enhance nutritional composition while at the same time help in reducing the GI value. Further investigation on the addition of YCE into other bakery products in relation to nutrition and glycemic response effects can also be explored.
Multi-Scale Face Restoration With Sequential Gating Ensemble Network

Restoring face images from distortions is important in face recognition applications and is challenged by multiple scale issues, which is still not well-solved in research area. In this paper, we present a Sequential Gating Ensemble Network (SGEN) for multi-scale face restoration issue. We first employ the principle of ensemble learning into SGEN architecture design to reinforce predictive performance of the network. The SGEN aggregates multi-level base-encoders and base-decoders into the network, which enables the network to contain multiple scales of receptive field. Instead of combining these base-en/decoders directly with non-sequential operations, the SGEN takes base-en/decoders from different levels as sequential data. Specifically, the SGEN learns to sequentially extract high level information from base-encoders in bottom-up manner and restore low level information from base-decoders in top-down manner. Besides, we propose to realize bottom-up and top-down information combination and selection with Sequential Gating Unit (SGU). The SGU sequentially takes two inputs from different levels and decides the output based on one active input. Experiment results demonstrate that our SGEN is more effective at multi-scale human face restoration with more image details and less noise than state-of-the-art image restoration models. By using adversarial training, SGEN also produces more visually preferred results than other models through subjective evaluation.
Increasing Social Engagement Among Lonely Individuals: The Role of Acceptance Cues and Promotion Motivations

Lonely individuals typically fear negative evaluation and engage in overly cautious social behaviors that perpetuate their social isolation. Recent research has found analogous security-oriented (i.e., prevention-focused) responses following experiences highlighting concerns with social loss but differing growth-oriented (i.e., promotion-focused ) responses, such as attempts at social engagement, following experiences highlighting concerns with social gain. The present studies thus investigated whether fostering a promotion focus among lonely individuals through subtle primes of acceptance could reduce their self-protective social avoidance. This hypothesis was supported across four studies in which the links between primed acceptance and promotion-focused motivations were first established, and the impact of such primes on lonely individuals’ social thoughts, intentions, and behaviors were then tested. Implications of observed differences between effects of acceptance primes on lonely versus nonlonely individuals are discussed in terms of deficits versus satiation with feelings of belonging.
Dynamics of Actin-Based Movement byRickettsia rickettsii in Vero Cells

ABSTRACT Actin-based motility (ABM) is a virulence mechanism exploited by invasive bacterial pathogens in the genera Listeria,Shigella, and Rickettsia. Due to experimental constraints imposed by the lack of genetic tools and their obligate intracellular nature, little is known about rickettsial ABM relative toListeria and Shigella ABM systems. In this study, we directly compared the dynamics and behavior of ABM ofRickettsia rickettsii and Listeria monocytogenes. A time-lapse video of moving intracellular bacteria was obtained by laser-scanning confocal microscopy of infected Vero cells synthesizing β-actin coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Analysis of time-lapse images demonstrated that R. rickettsii organisms move through the cell cytoplasm at an average rate of 4.8 ± 0.6 μm/min (mean ± standard deviation). This speed was 2.5 times slower than that of L. monocytogenes, which moved at an average rate of 12.0 ± 3.1 μm/min. Although rickettsiae moved more slowly, the actin filaments comprising the actin comet tail were significantly more stable, with an average half-life approximately three times that of L. monocytogenes (100.6 ± 19.2 s versus 33.0 ± 7.6 s, respectively). The actin tail associated with intracytoplasmic rickettsiae remained stationary in the cytoplasm as the organism moved forward. In contrast, actin tails of rickettsiae trapped within the nucleus displayed dramatic movements. The observed phenotypic differences between the ABM of Listeria andRickettsia may indicate fundamental differences in the mechanisms of actin recruitment and polymerization.
In vivo and in vitro effects of androgen on fibroblast growth factor‐2 concentrations in the human prostate

Prostatic growth is primarily regulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Recent studies have demonstrated that a large number of growth factors are present in the human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prostate, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGF‐α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (FGF‐2). DHT may mediate its mitogenic effects in the prostate by regulating growth factors. To test this hypothesis, we have utilized a histoculture androgen sensitivity assay (HASA) in which 3H‐thymidine incorporation is measured in aliquots of BPH tissue in histoculture with either added DHT or hydroxyflutamide (HF). The resulting DHT/HF ratio is an expression of the androgen sensitivity of the tissue. In this study, we have compared the DHT/HF ratio for 3H‐thymidine incorporation to the DHT/HF ratio for FGF‐2 measured in the histocultured prostates. The DHT/HF ratio for the HASA studies of 3H‐thymidine incorporation averaged 2.68 compared to the DHT/HF ratio for FGF‐2 in the same specimens of 1.01. These values were significantly different, therefore indicating no relationship between DHT stimulation and FGF‐2 levels. In addition, FGF‐2 levels were measured in human BPH prostates from patients medically castrated with megesterol acetate and estradiol 17‐β prior to surgery. These values were not significantly different, and therefore do not suggest any effect of DHT on the concentration of prostatic FGF‐2. Although these studies did not show any effect of DHT on the regulation of prostatic FGF‐2, they do indicate that the HASA assay is feasible and appropriate to use in the study of relationships between DHT and various growth factors. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population Heterogeneity and Inference from Panel Data on the Effects of Vocational Education

This paper considers a model of earnings over time which incorporates individual effects and time effects without assuming that these effects are orthogonal to the variable of primary interest. The central coefficient is the effect of participation in a Manpower Development and Training Act training program on the earnings of trainees. Since the training status of (some) individuals in the sample changes during the period of the sample, both pre- and posttraining contrasts and trainee-nontrainee contrasts in earnings can be made. An estimate of the cross-section bias in a training coefficient can be made directly. The extent of the analogous bias in the education coefficient in regression studies is a point of current debate. The cross-section bias in the sample analyzed is large, and the estimated effect of training is small and positive.