Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Backward rough-fuzzy rule interpolation

Fuzzy rule interpolation is an important technique for performing inference with sparse rule bases. Even when a given observation has no overlap with the antecedent values of any existing rules, fuzzy rule interpolation may still derive a conclusion. In particular, the recently proposed rough-fuzzy rule interpolation offers greater flexibility in handling different levels of uncertainty that may be present in sparse rule bases and observations. Nevertheless, in practical applications with inter-connected subsets of rules, situations may arise where a crucial antecedent of observation is absent, either due to human error or difficulty in obtaining data, while the associated conclusion may be derived according to alternative rules or even observed directly. If such missing antecedents were involved in the subsequent interpolation process, the final conclusion would not be deduced using a forward rule interpolation technique alone. However, missing antecedents may be related to certain intermediate conclusions and therefore, may be interpolated us- ing the known antecedents and these conclusions. Following this idea, a novel backward rough-fuzzy rule interpolation approach is proposed in this paper, allowing missing observations which are indirectly related to the final conclusion to be interpolated from the known antecedents and intermediate conclusions. As illustrated experimentally, the resulting backward rough-fuzzy rule interpolation system is able to deal with uncertainty, in both data and knowledge, with more flexibility.
Unsupervised Spectral–Spatial Feature Learning With Stacked Sparse Autoencoder for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification

In this letter, different from traditional methods using original spectral features or handcraft spectral-spatial features, we propose to adaptively learn a suitable feature representation from unlabeled data. This is achieved by learning a feature mapping function based on stacked sparse autoencoder. Considering that hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is intrinsically defined in both the spectral and spatial domains, we further establish two variants of feature learning procedures for sparse spectral feature learning and multiscale spatial feature learning. Finally, we embed the learned spectral-spatial feature into a linear support vector machine for classification. Experiments on two hyperspectral images indicate the following: 1) the learned spectral-spatial feature representation is more discriminative for HSI classification compared to previously hand-engineered spectral-spatial features, especially when the training data are limited and 2) the learned features appear not to be specific to a particular image but general in that they are applicable to multiple related images (e.g., images acquired by the same sensor but varying with location or time).
Rolling estimations of long range dependence volatility for high frequency S&P500 index

This study evaluates the time-varying long range dependence behaviors of the S&P500 volatility index using the modified rescaled adjusted range (R/S) statistic. For better computational result, a high frequency rolling bipower variation realized volatility estimates are used to avoid possible abrupt jump. The empirical analysis findings allow us to understand better the informationally market efficiency before and after the subprime mortgage crisis.
Effect of persistent pulmonary hypertension on brain oxygenation in asphyxiated term newborns treated with hypothermia

Abstract Objective: To better understand the impact of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) on brain oxygenation in term asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. Methods: The regional cerebral oxygenation saturation (rSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy was compared to pre/post-ductal oxygen saturation and mean arterial blood pressure in three term asphyxiated newborns with documented PPHN during their first 4 days of life while they were being treated with hypothermia. Results: The cerebral oxygen saturation remained relatively stable when oxygen saturation was more than 92% and when there was no difference between pre- and post-ductal oxygen saturations. Episodes of desaturations with a difference between pre- and post-ductal saturations, as well as episodes of hypotension, caused a significant decrease in rSO2 in these newborns. Conclusion: This case series demonstrates that PPHN has a profound impact on brain oxygenation in term asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia during the first days of life after birth. PPHN may represent an additional risk factor for brain injury in these newborns during the first days of life.
Application of Theory Reasoned Action In Intention to Use Islamic Banking In Indonesia

This paper investigates the constructs of Theoryof Reasoned Action (TRA), and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (attitude,subjective norm, religion, knowledge, pricing, and government support) oncustomer behavioral intention and Islamic banking selection. This research usingPartial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling with variables such as:attitude, subject norm, religion, knowledge and government support, and pricing.The result shows that attitude, subject norm, religion, knowledge and governmentsupport are statistically significant effect on intention to select Islamic bank inIndonesia. Pricing however is not significant. The results imply that IndonesianIslamic banks should strategize ways to develop positive attitude and referenceamongst their customers through greater dissemination of knowledge about Islamicbanking while emphasizing on the religious compliance. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v8i1. 2513
Compulsory Trademark Licensing

Trademarks are an important source of information in our economy. They identify the products offered by a particular seller and permit the buyer to associate advertising or past experience with an item currently for sale. This lowers buyer search cost and creates an incentive for sellers to produce high quality products [10; 3]. When products have trademark protection, however, buyer experience may tend to create a barrier to entry that results in prices greater than marginal cost and supranormal profits for the first entrants into the market [9]. Concern about excess profits has led to recent proposals to require the compulsory licensing of trademarks. These proposals would require sellers of leading brands to freely license their trademarks to any firm producing a product of the same quality and characteristics. Recent court cases involving both ReaLemon and ready-to-eat cereals sought relief through compulsory licensing of the trademark [7; 8]. The argument in both cases was that licensing would create more competition, enhancing consumer welfare, since price would be closer to marginal production cost. Scherer argues that the benefits of compulsory licensing would be "lower prices and reduced outlays on promotion. "' Besides trademarks, the other area in which compulsory licensing arises is in the case of patents. In Canada, between 1969 and 1984 over 300 compulsory licenses were issued for over 70 major drugs and the results were dramatic: when Valium was selling in the U.S. for $186 per thousand tablets wholesale, the same amount of a licensed "generic" copy of that tranquilizer was available in Canada for less than $2. Might similar results be achievable from licensing trademarks to lemon juice or bleach, and if so, would these results represent an improvement in welfare? It is well known in the literature on patents that removing the monopoly power of the patent holder though lowering prices in the short run, will also create perverse incentives for research and development in the long run that may more than wipe out the short run advantages of lower prices. It has not been acknowledged, however, that a similar tradeoff arises in the case of trademarks.
Determination of Benzidine Using Sulfobutyl-beta-Cyclodextrin and Neutral Red Complexation as a Supermolecule Probe

Sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrin could remarkably decrease the fluorescence intensity of Neutral Red. In contrast, fluorescence intensity of Neutral Red enhanced efficiently when benzidine was presence. Consequently, based on the competitive interaction between benzidine and Neutral Red, a new fluorescence spectrographic method of the determination of benzidine was established using sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrin and Neutral Red as a supermolecule probe in B-R buffer solution (pH 2.75). The linear range was from 2.00×10 mol/L to 1.80×10 mol/L, the limit of detection was 2.61×10 mol/L. It is indicated that this method had high sensitivity, good selectivity and convenient application. This method had been applied to the determination of benzidine in industry waste water. A preliminary discussion was also given on the mechanism of the fluorescence reaction system. Keywords-Sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrit; Neutral Red; Benzidine; supermolecular probe
Purely endoscopic pterional extradural approach: A novel technique for repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study of an innovative surgical technique. Objective: To assess the feasibility and success of repair of transfrontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea through pterional transcranial extradural approach using endoscope. Summary of Background Data: Repair of CSF rhinorrhea has seen advancement with the evolution of endoscopic transnasal techniques. However, leaks from defect in the posterior wall of frontal sinus still remain a challenge for the skull base surgeons and requires conventional craniotomy more often. We describe a novel technique to repair these leaks by purely endoscopic pterional extradural (PEPE) approach thereby avoiding complications associated with conventional craniotomy and endoscopic transnasal approaches. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea from the posterior wall of frontal sinus underwent repair with the present technique. They were followed up for 6–18 months and were evaluated for feasibility of procedure, recurrence of leak, and occurrence of the fresh neurological deficit. Results: Thirty-five patients underwent CSF rhinorrhea repair using the above technique. The procedure was accomplished in all patients without any intraoperative complications. There was no requirement of blood transfusion in any case. All patients had a cessation of CSF leak in the postoperative period, and there was no recurrence. There was no evidence of frontal lobe retraction injury in any of these patients, and no fresh neurological deficit was observed. Conclusion: This PEPE approach to repair CSF leak through the posterior wall of the frontal sinus is a novel technique in which we can avoid disadvantages associated with both conventional craniotomy as well as transnasal endoscopic approaches.
Will a Five-Minute Discussion Change Your Mind? A Countrywide Experiment on Voter Choice in France

This paper provides the first estimate of the effect of door-to-door canvassing on actual electoral outcomes, via a countrywide experiment embedded in François Hollande's campaign in the 2012 French presidential election. While existing experiments randomized door-to-door visits at the individual level, the scale of this campaign (five million doors knocked) enabled randomization by precinct, the level at which vote shares are recorded administratively. Visits did not affect turnout, but increased Hollande's vote share in the first round and accounted for one-fourth of his victory margin in the second. Visits' impact persisted in later elections, suggesting a lasting persuasion effect. (JEL C93, D7, D83)
Technical-skills training in the 21st century.

Medical education is undergoing a paradigm shift, from the traditional experience-based model to a program that requires documentation of proficiency.1 Technological advances in health care, the development of day-case surgery, and the setting of quality-assurance targets have led to a striking reduction in training opportunities for young doctors. It is no longer acceptable, or appropriate, for students at any level of training to practice new skills on patients, even if they have a patient's explicit consent. As Reznick and MacRae point out in this issue of the Journal, these “changes in the wind” are beginning to transform surgical residency programs.
Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Insular Cortex and the Personality Trait of Novelty Seeking

Human personality has been considered to have a neurochemical background. We examined the relation between extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in living human brain and the personality trait of novelty seeking that has been proposed to be related to dopaminergic function in the brain. We measured extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors of 24 healthy young male subjects using [(11)C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography. The personality trait of each subject was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Correlation of dopamine D2 receptor binding with novelty seeking was calculated using region-of-interest analysis and statistical parametric mapping based on the binding potential images generated using a reference tissue model. A significant negative correlation was observed between binding potential values and the novelty seeking scores on TCI in the right insular cortex. No significant correlation was observed in any other region. Our result indicates that there is a significant association between dopamine D2 receptor binding and the human novelty seeking trait in the right insular cortex.
A Review on Deep Learning Algorithms for Speech and Facial Emotion Recognition

Deep Learning is the recent machine learning technique that tries to model high level abstractions in databy using multiple processing layers with complex structures. It is also known as deep structured learning,hierarchical learning or deep machine learning. The term “deep learning" indicates the method used in trainingmulti-layered neural networks. Deep Learning technique has obtained remarkable success in the field of facerecognition with 97.5% accuracy. Facial Electromyogram (FEMG) signals are used to detect the different emotionsof humans. Some of the deep learning techniques discussed in this paper are Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM), DeepBelief Networks (DBN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Stacked Auto Encoders respectively. This paperfocuses on the review of some of the deep learning techniques used by various researchers which paved the way toimprove the classification accuracy of the FEMG signals as well as the speech signals
Location-Aided Pilot Contamination Elimination for Massive MIMO Systems

Massive MIMO systems, while being a promising technology for 5G systems, face a number of practical challenges. Among those, pilot contamination stands out as a key bottleneck to design high-capacity beamforming methods. We propose and analyze a location-aided approach to reduce the pilot contamination effect in uplink channel estimation for massive MIMO systems. The proposed method exploits the location of user terminals, scatterers, and base stations. The approach removes the need for direct estimation of large covariance matrices and provides good channel estimation performance in the large antenna regime.
Optimal window of caloric restriction onset limits its beneficial impact on T‐cell senescence in primates

We have recently shown in non‐human primates that caloric restriction (CR) initiated during adulthood can delay T‐cell aging and preserve naïve CD8 and CD4 T cells into advanced age. An important question is whether CR can be initiated at any time in life, and whether age at the time of onset would modulate the beneficial effects of CR. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of CR started before puberty or during advanced age on T‐cell senescence and compared it to the effects of CR started in early adulthood. Our data demonstrate that the beneficial effects of adult‐onset CR on T‐cell aging were lost by both early and late CR onset. In fact, some of our results suggest that inappropriate initiation of CR may be harmful to the maintenance of T‐cell function. This suggests that there may be an optimal window during adulthood where CR can delay immune senescence and improve correlates of immunity in primates.
DNA Microarray-Based Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Clinical Samples from Neutropenic Patients

ABSTRACT The increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in immunocompromised patients emphasizes the need to improve diagnostic tools. We established a DNA microarray to detect and identify DNA from 14 fungal pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida tropicalis, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, Scedosporium prolificans, and Trichosporon asahii) in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and tissue samples from high-risk patients. The assay combines multiplex PCR and consecutive DNA microarray hybridization. PCR primers and capture probes were derived from unique sequences of the 18S, 5.8S, and internal transcribed spacer 1 regions of the fungal rRNA genes. Hybridization with genomic DNA of fungal species resulted in species-specific hybridization patterns. By testing clinical samples from 46 neutropenic patients with proven, probable, or possible IFI or without IFI, we detected A. flavus, A. fumigatus, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, F. oxysporum, F. solani, R. microsporus, S. prolificans, and T. asahii. For 22 of 22 patients (5 without IFI and 17 with possible IFI), negative diagnostic results corresponded with negative microarray data. For 11 patients with proven (n = 4), probable (n = 2), and possible IFI (n = 5), data for results positive by microarray were validated by other diagnostic findings. For 11 of 11 patients with possible IFI, the microarray results provided additional information. For two patients with proven and probable invasive aspergillosis, respectively, microarray results were negative. The assay detected genomic DNA from 14 fungal pathogens from the clinical samples, pointing to a high significance for improving the diagnosis of IFI.
Graph-cut based Constrained Clustering by Grouping Relational Labels

This paper proposes a novel constrained cluster- ing method that is based on a graph-cut problem formalized by SDP (Semi-Definite Programming). Our SDP approach has the advantage of convenient constraint utilization com- pared with conventional spectral clustering methods. The algorithm starts from a single cluster of a whole dataset and repeatedly selects the largest cluster, which it then divides into two clusters by swapping rows and columns of a relational label matrix obtained by solving the maximum graph-cut problem. This swapping procedure is effective because we can create clusters without any computationally heavy matrix decomposition process to obtain a cluster label for each data. The results of experiments using datasets from the ODP and WebKB corpus demonstrated that our method outperformed other conventional and the state of the art clustering methods in many cases. In particular, we discuss the difference between our approach and another similar one that uses the same SDP formalization as ours. Since the number of constraints used in the experiments is relatively small and can be practical for human feedback, we consider our clustering provides a promising basic method to interactive Web clustering.
Non-Neanderthal Origin of the HLA-DPB1*0401

Temme et al. (1) found that the Neanderthals and the HLA-DPB1*0401 shared Lys at the 69th amino acid and GGPM at the 84th to 87th amino acids of HLA-DPβ. They thus concluded that the Lys-69/GGPM-(84–87) in DPB1*0401 was derived from a Neanderthal introgression. They observed that DPB1*0401 is rare in sub-Saharan Africans (SSA), which is consistent with the claim that the DPB1*0401 was from Neanderthal introgression. However, the DPB1*0402 also carries the Lys-69/GGPM-(84–87), and the frequency of DPB1*0401 and DPB1*0402 in SSA are 5.5 and 18.9%, respectively. Given that the SSA are nearly free from Neanderthal introgression (2), it is less likely that haplotypes from Neanderthal could reach a frequency as high as 24.4% in SSA. Further, we reconstructed a phylogenetic tree for DPB1*0201, DPB1*0202, DPB1*0301, DPB1*0401, and DPB1*0402 haplotypes, along with chimpanzee and high coverage Neanderthal and Denisovan sequences. If the DPB1*0401 were from recent Neanderthal introgression, one would expect that it first coalesced with Neanderthal, instead of other modern human haplotypes (3). However, it was observed that the DPB1*0401 first coalesced with DPB1*0402, then with the two DPB1*02 haplotypes, and then with the Neanderthal and Denisovan sequences. Divergence time between DPB1*0401 and Neanderthal was estimated as 2200 thousand years ago (KYA) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1657.8–2742.2 KYA), which far predates the Neanderthal − modern human divergence time (∼270 KYA). This observation is also inconsistent with the hypothesis that the DPB1*0401 was from Neanderthal introgression. To summarize, the identified Neanderthal introgression at HLA-DPB1*0401 could be an artifact that resulted from ancient population structure.
Fractional Effective Action at Strong Electromagnetic Fields

In 1936, Weisskopf [K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Medd. XIV (1936)] showed that for vanishing electric or magnetic fields the strong-field behavior of the one-loop Euler– Heisenberg effective Lagrangian of quantum electrodynamics (QED) is logarithmic. This result can be generalized for different limits of the Lorentz invariants. The logarithmic dependence can be interpreted as a lowest-order manifestation of an anomalous power behavior of the effective Lagrangian of QED.
Relations of Preschoolers' Visual-Motor and Object Manipulation Skills With Executive Function and Social Behavior

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine specific linkages between early visual-motor integration skills and executive function, as well as between early object manipulation skills and social behaviors in the classroom during the preschool year. Method: Ninety-two children aged 3 to 5 years old (Mage = 4.31 years) were recruited to participate. Comprehensive measures of visual-motor integration skills, object manipulation skills, executive function, and social behaviors were administered in the fall and spring of the preschool year. Results: Our findings indicated that children who had better visual-motor integration skills in the fall had better executive function scores (B = 0.47 [0.20], p < .05, β = .27) in the spring of the preschool year after controlling for age, gender, Head Start status, and site location, but not after controlling for children's baseline levels of executive function. In addition, children who demonstrated better object manipulation skills in the fall showed significantly stronger social behavior in their classrooms (as rated by teachers) in the spring, including more self-control (B − 0.03 [0.00], p < .05, β = .40), more cooperation (B = 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = .28), and less externalizing/hyperactivity (B = − 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = − .28) after controlling for social behavior in the fall and other covariates. Conclusion: Children's visual-motor integration and object manipulation skills in the fall have modest to moderate relations with executive function and social behaviors later in the preschool year. These findings have implications for early learning initiatives and school readiness.