Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review on multilevel inverter with reduced switch count

Multilevel inverters have made another surge of enthusiasm for industry and investigation. While the set up topologies have wound up being an achievable choice in a broad assortment of high-power medium-voltage applications, there has been a dynamic energy for the advancement of fresher topologies. Decrease in general part considers contrasted with the traditional topologies has been a vital objective in the as of late presented topologies. In this paper, a segment of the starting late proposed multilevel inverter topologies with decreased power switch number are studied and evaluated. This paper will serve as an associate and a redesign with these topologies, both to the extent of subjective and quantitative parameters.
Scaling down a level shifter circuit in 28 nm FDSOI technology

In this work, we used a Pareto front based scaling method to reproduce a level shifter circuit in 28nm FDSOI technology. We selected propagation delay, switching energy, static power dissipation and noise margin, to evaluate the circuit performance and optimize the scale down procedure. The final result showed a set of transistor dimensions, which ensured a desired performance of the level shifter circuit in 28nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology from ST Microelectronics. The circuit can operate correctly for supply voltages from 250 mV to 1V. The propagation delay of the level shifter is 3.11ns and the static power dissipation is 265 pW. The results contain the comparison of the transistor dimensions across different technologies.
Base‐Modified Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: Using Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines to Replace Purines

Phosphoramidites are first synthesized from suitably protected 7‐deazapurine 2′‐deoxyribonuclosides that have halogen or alkynyl subsituents at the 7 position. Oligonucleotides containing 7‐deazapurines (pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines) in place of the canonical nucleobases are then prepared by solid‐phase synthesis. These oligonucleotides are subsequently allowed to hybridize, and the stabilities of the resulting duplexes are determined. Comparison of Tm values indicates that the presence of 7‐halo or 7‐alkynyl substituents increases duplex stability relative to duplexes involving oligonucleotides that contain the corresponding parent purines.
Association of walking with survival and RRT among patients with CKD stages 3-5.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with CKD can benefit from an increase in physical activity. Walking is one of the most common exercises in patients with CKD; however, the association of walking with outcomes in patients with CKD is not clear. This study investigated the association of walking with overall mortality and RRT in patients with CKD stages 3-5. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS All patients with CKD stages 3-5 in the CKD program of China Medical University Hospital from June 2003 to May 2013 were enrolled. The risks of overall mortality and RRT were analyzed using competing-risks regressions. RESULTS A total of 6363 patients (average age, 70 years) during a median of 1.3 (range=0.6-2.5) years of follow-up were analyzed. There were 1341 (21.1%) patients who reported walking as their most common form of exercise. The incidence density rate of overall mortality was 2.7 per 100 person-years for walking patients and 5.4 for nonwalking ones. The incidence density rate of RRT was 22 per 100 person-years for walking patients and 32.9 for nonwalking ones. Walking, independent of patients' age, renal function, and comorbidity, was linked to lower overall mortality and lower RRT risk in the multivariate competing-risks regression. The adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of walking was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53 to 0.84; P<0.001) for overall mortality and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.85; P<0.001) for the risk of RRT. The SHRs of overall mortality were 0.83, 0.72, 0.42, and 0.41 for patients walking 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and ≥7 times per week, and the SHRs of RRT were 0.81, 0.73, 0.57, and 0.56, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Walking is the most popular form of exercise in patients with CKD and is associated with lower risks of overall mortality and RRT. The benefit of walking is independent of patients' age, renal function, and comorbidity.
In vitro characterization of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an immunosuppressive virus that targets immune cells such as B cells and macrophages. However, the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) during IBDV infection is not well understood. In this study the in vitro effects of live and inactivated very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) UPM0081 on bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DC) were characterized and compared with BM-DC treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphologically, BM-DC treated with LPS and vvIBDV showed stellate shape when compared to immature BM-DC. In addition, LPS-treated and both live and inactivated vvIBDV-infected BM-DC expressed high levels of double positive CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (>20%). vvIBDV-infected BM-DC showed significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells compared to LPS. Replication of vvIBDV was detected in the infected BM-DC as evidenced by the increased expression of VP3 and VP4 IBDV antigens based on flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence tests. Levels of different immune-related genes such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), CXCLi2 (IL-8), IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ, IL-12α, CCR7 and Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) were measured after LPS and vvIBDV treatments. However, marked differences were noticed in the onset and intensity of the gene expression between these two treatment groups. LPS was far more potent than live and inactivated vvIBDV in inducing the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and CCR7 while expression of Th1-like cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12α were significantly increased in the live vvIBDV treatment group. Meanwhile, the expression of TLR3 was increased in live vvIBDV-infected BM-DC as compared to control. Inactivated vvIBDV-treated BM-DC failed to stimulate IFN-γ, IL-12α and TLR3 expressions. This study suggested that BM-DC may serve as another target cells during IBDV infection which require further confirmation via in vivo studies.
Bacterial Overgrowth in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Null Mouse Small Intestine

ABSTRACT We recently reported the inflammation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse small intestine, and we hypothesized bacterial overgrowth as a possible cause. Quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S genomic DNA in the CF mouse small intestine revealed an increase of greater than 40-fold compared to controls. Sequencing of 16S PCR products and Gram staining showed that the majority of bacteria in the CF mouse intestine were gram negative. Bacteria were observed to colonize the mucus that accumulates in the intestinal lumen of mice with CF. Impaired Paneth cell defenses were suggested by observation of partially dispersed Paneth granules in the mucus plugs of CF mouse intestinal crypts, and this mucus was strongly immunoreactive for Paneth cell bactericidal products. The role of bacterial overgrowth in intestinal inflammation in CF was tested by treating mice with oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) for 3 weeks, which reduced bacterial load in the CF mouse small intestine over 400-fold. Antibiotic treatment decreased the expression of the inflammation-related genes mast cell protease 2, leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein/leucine-rich high endothelial venule glycoprotein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, hematopoietic cell transcript 1, and resistin-like molecule β/found in inflammatory zone 2, all of which were no longer expressed at levels significantly different from control levels. The reduction of intestinal bacteria also significantly improved the growth of CF mice but had no effect on the growth of wild-type mice. These data suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the CF mouse small intestine has a role in inflammation and contributes to the failure to thrive in this mouse model of CF.
Temporally Consistent Road Surface Profile Estimation Using Stereo Vision

Road surface profile (RSP) estimation is an important task to find the imperfections of a road surface, thereby improving ride quality. The RSP estimation has been recently studied using stereo vision owing to its affordable price. However, the existing methods provide noisy and temporally unstable results for real-world driving scenes because of noisy range measurements, noisy pitch angle estimates between the camera and the road surface, and interference from obstacles. This paper proposes a novel method for temporally consistent and robust RSP estimation to overcome these problems. The proposed method consists of three steps: free space estimation, digital elevation map (DEM) estimation, and RSP estimation. We first estimate a drivable area, i.e., free space. For robust and fast free space estimation, we propose an optimization-based non-parametric road surface modeling method and an integral disparity histogram-based free space estimation method. Then, the DEM of the road surface is estimated using range measurements on the free space to avoid obstacle interference. The DEM is temporally updated every frame using the moving average filter and the DEM reference grid update scheme. Owing to these strategies, the proposed method reduces the elevation estimation noise and the pitch angle error, and therefore provides the temporally consistent RSP. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method experimentally using stereo image sequences captured in real-world driving scenes.
Factors influencing the transendothelial accumulation of atherogenic plasma proteins in artery walls.

Atherosclerosis, which manifests itself clinically as myocardial infarction and stroke and their respective precursor disorders angina pectoris and transient ischemic attacks of the brain, is initiated by the accumulation of the plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the walls of large arteries, most importantly the coronaries, carotids, and the aorta. Abnormally high concentrations of LDL in the plasma are associated with premature clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, indicating that the uptake of LDL increases with its plasma concentration [14]. LDL is thus a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and the other aforementioned disorders. Another major risk factor is fibrinogen, the incidence of heart attacks and strokes increasing with its plasma concentration [12,24,46]. Atherosclerotic lesions, contain much fibrinogen as well as fibrin [38]. The mechanism by which LDL and fibrinogen and presumably also other atherogenic plasma proteins such as LP(a) pass from the blood through the endothelium into the arterial intima remains largely unknown. For LDL the process does not apparently involve the high-affinity receptors because, when they are deficient or defective as in Watanabe rabbits and in Type II familial hyperlipidemia, circulating LDL levels are abnormally high and atherogenesis is accelerated. Moreover, the uptake by arterial walls of reductively methylated LDL which does not bind to high-affinity receptors is similar to that of native LDL [23,45]. In the case of LDL there is evidence that it passes through arterial endothelia cells in cytoplasmic vesicles called caveolae [36,42]: these are identical to the pinosomes in which this lipoprotein was first observed by autoradiography [39]. This appearance has also been demonstrated with cultured endothelial cells where it depends strongly on LDL concentration [41]. The process is referred to as transcytosis, although up to the present time it has not been possible to make dynamic observations on such transendothelial movements. The evidence is essentially based on time sequences of electron micrographs and inferred for LDL from observations made with other, electron-dense particles such as ferritin after their intravascular injection [27,37]. So far, the actual mechanism where LDL and fibrinogen and presumably also Lp(a) and other circulating macromolecules are taken up by and discharged from endothelial caveola remains essentially unknown. The purpose of the work summarized here to look for factors, other than plasma concentrations of LDL and fibrinogen, which influence their accumulation in artery wall. This process requires the passage of
Model-based sentiment analysis of customer satisfaction for the Jordanian telecommunication companies

Nowadays, social networks are considered to be the most useful data source for analysis trend. The data can be used for different goals, for instance, the commercial companies use the Facebook pages to discover their customer satisfaction of the provided services. This research targets sentiment analysis the customers' posts on the formal Facebook pages of the Jordanian telecommunication companies. The dataset of this paper is collected from three main Jordanian telecommunication companies: Orange, Zain, and Umniah. A supervised based approach including K Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and Decision Trees are applied and a comparison between them is provided in term of accuracy metrics. In this study, we introduce a model that is able to make a sentiment analysis of the customer posts on Facebook written in Jordanian dialect.
Economic Integration and Industry Reallocations: Some Theory with Numbers

We distill the main insights from recent trade models on firms' responses to globalisation. Our primary aim is to assess the economic impact and the welfare implications of the resulting reallocation of resources across firms and countries. In so doing, we bring theory into life through the numerical implementation of a theoretical framework calibrated on European data, which encompasses aspects of economic geography, firm heterogeneity, and firms' organisational choices. Our final purpose is to provide a comprehensive background for empirical investigations and to stimulate further theoretical research. © Miroslav N. Jovanovic 2011. All rights reserved.
Capital Flows Adjustment Policy in Slovenia: Assessment of Design and Efficiency

During the last decade many Central and East European (CEE) countries experienced strong foreign capital inflows. Slovenia was one of them. Sources of inflows in Slovenia changed radically, even though privatisation-driven inflows were absent, in contrast to other CEE countries. Since such inflows could have significant adverse effects on the performance of the economy, some policy measures were taken. This article presents an empirically tested assessment of policy for adjustment to surges in capital flows during the last decade. Speculative reversals, a decline in external competitiveness, exchange rate appreciation, loss of control over the monetary base and inflation are just some of the detrimental effects that can be provoked by surges in capital flows if the economy suffers from fundamental sectoral deficiencies. Empirical results indicated that Slovenia quite successfully mitigated the listed effects of excessive foreign exchange inflows. Efficient combination of direct and indirect adjustment methods succeeded in preventing the still vulnerable economy from suffering a major financial crisis and nominal currency appreciation (which was not the case in some other CEE countries) although there was some real appreciation.
An Analysis of Demand for Living Space by Housing Tenure Type in Korea

This study, using a multinomial logit sample selection model, estimates the determinants of tenure choice and demand for living space with a sample of 2,615 urban households in Korea. Housing tenure in Korea seems to be hierarchically structured by household income. Two-stage OLS estimation results of the living space demand equations suggest that the elasticities of both income and price are inelastic. However, the absolute magnitude of price elasticity is greater than that of income elasticity. This implies that the problem of insufficient living space of the lower income group will not be improved if the increasing rate of housing price is greater than that of income. The accessibility to formal mortgage markets is another important determinant of demand for living space. Thus enhancing accessibility to mortgage markets could be one of the policy devices to improve the problem of limited living space of renters effectively.
Emotional reactivity to daily events in youth with anxiety disorders

ABSTRACT Background: Although research supports associations between anxiety and emotional reactivity in adults (Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 68–82. ), few studies have examined emotional reactivity in anxious youth (e.g., Carthy et al., 2010; Tan, P. Z., Forbes, E. E., Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., Siegle, G. J., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2012). Emotional reactivity and regulation in anxious and nonanxious youth: a cell-phone ecological momentary assessment study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(2), 197–206. ). Methods: Using daily diary methodology, this study examined both negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) reactivity to daily events in youth diagnosed with anxiety (N = 68; 60% female; 78% non-Hispanic White; M age = 11.18 years, SD = 3.17). We also examined whether parent-reported emotion regulation would predict emotional reactivity. Results: Participants reported more NA on days they experienced more negative parent and teacher events and less PA on days that they experienced more negative peer events. Additionally, better emotion regulation was associated with less NA reactivity to negative teacher events and to both negative and positive academic events. Conclusions: Interpersonal events have a salient effect on daily affect for anxious youth. Youth anxiety therapists should target emotion regulation associated with negative events involving adults and address barriers to developing and maintaining positive peer relationships.
Existential Issues in Group Psychotherapy

Abstract Existential issues in group psychotherapy derive from existential thought both as a philosophy and as a value system. Its origins derive from the weakening of traditional values and the growing alienation of man from himself. The unique features of existentialism can be applied to all forms of therapy. These features are universal to humankind. They are finiteness, aloneness, guilt, responsibility, and freedom. In including existential concerns as part of group psychotherapy, therapist and patients move more closely to bilateral relationships and subjective interactions.
Dynamic malware analysis of phishing emails

Malicious software or malware is one of the most significant dangers facing the Internet today. In the fight against malware, users depend on anti-malware and anti-virus products to proactively detect threats before damage is done. Those products rely on static signatures obtained through malware analysis. Unfortunately, malware authors are always one step ahead in avoiding detection. This research deals with dynamic malware analysis, which emphasizes on: how the malware will behave after execution, what changes to the operating system, registry and network communication take place. Dynamic analysis opens up the doors for automatic generation of anomaly and active signatures based on the new malware's behavior. The research includes a design of honeypot to capture new malware and a complete dynamic analysis laboratory setting. We propose a standard analysis methodology by preparing the analysis tools, then running the malicious samples in a controlled environment to investigate their behavior. We analyze 173 recent Phishing emails and 45 SPIM messages in search for potentially new malwares, we present two malware samples and their comprehensive dynamic analysis.
4-Amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide–2-nitrobenzoic acid (1/1)

In the asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C12H14N4O2S·C7H5NO4, the sulfamethazine and 2-nitrobenzoic acid molecules form a heterodimer through intermolecular amide–carboxylic acid N—H⋯O and carboxylic acid–pyrimidine O—H⋯N hydrogen-bond pairs, giving a cyclic motif [graph set R 2 2(8)]. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic ring systems in the sulfamethazine molecule is 88.96 (18)° and the nitro group of the acid is 50% rotationally disordered. Secondary aniline N—H⋯Osulfone hydrogen-bonding associations give a two-dimensional structure lying parallel to the ab plane.
A Model for Pricing Stocks and Bonds with Default Risk

This paper develops a tractable, dynamic, no-arbitrage model for the pricing of bonds and stocks that are subject to default risk. The model produces the bond pricing equations of the Duffie and Singleton (1999) framework. It is then shown that a particular choice of dividend process, characterized by affine dividend yields, along with the Duffie and Singleton (1999) default specification, produces stock prices that are exponential affine in the model's state variables. Importantly, the model allows for quite general interdependence between the prices of risky debt and equity.
Association Between Dietary Inflammation Index and The Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association and possible dose–response relationship between dietary inflammation index (DII)™ and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database for all relevant studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random effects model. Results: A total of eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of CRC, colon and rectal cancer for the highest versus lowest DII categories were 1.43 (95% CI 1.25–1.63), 1.37 (95% CI 1.16–1.62) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.23–1.69), respectively. A significant positive association was observed both in cohort studies (RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.38) and case–control studies (RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.48–2.22). Nonlinear associations between DII scores and the risk of CRC, colon and rectal cancer were found in the dose–response analyses, the results showed that the risks of CRC, colon and rectal cancer increased slowly when the DII score was above 1.30, 2.21, and 1.30, respectively. Conclusion: Higher DII scores might increase CRC risk. Thus, people should adopt more anti-inflammatory diets such as those high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, herbs, and spices.
Lymphotoxin Signal Promotes Thymic Organogenesis by Eliciting RANK Expression in the Embryonic Thymic Stroma

It has recently become clear that signals mediated by members of the TNFR superfamily, including lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR), receptor activator for NF-κB (RANK), and CD40, play essential roles in organizing the integrity of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) required for the establishment of self-tolerance. However, details of the mechanism responsible for the unique and cooperative action of individual and multiple TNFR superfamily members during mTEC differentiation still remain enigmatic. In this study, we show that the LTβR signal upregulates expression of RANK in the thymic stroma, thereby promoting accessibility to the RANK ligand necessary for mTEC differentiation. Cooperation between the LTβR and RANK signals for optimal mTEC differentiation was underscored by the exaggerated defect of thymic organogenesis observed in mice doubly deficient for these signals. In contrast, we observed little cooperation between the LTβR and CD40 signals. Thus, the LTβR signal exhibits a novel and unique function in promoting RANK activity for mTEC organization, indicating a link between thymic organogenesis mediated by multiple cytokine signals and the control of autoimmunity.