Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing mobile phone vulnerabilities caused by camera

Nowadays mobile phones have been widely used, and Android is one of the most popular mobile operating system. The security issue of Android has caught great concerns among mobile users and researchers. In this paper, we study the vulnerabilities related of phone cameras. Specifically, we discover and present several camera-based attacks including the basic camera attack and advanced passcode inference attacks. We implement these attacks on real phones (with anti-virus software installed) and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the attacks. Furthermore, a lightweight defense scheme is proposed to secure phones against these attacks.
Link between Culture Zeta Potential Homogeneity and Ebp in Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis, a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen, has the ability to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. It has been shown earlier that only 10 to 20% of an E. faecalis OG1RF culture expresses endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pili (Ebp), which are involved in biofilm formation. Another study revealed that E. faecalis clinical isolates, as well as OG1RF, are heterogeneous with respect to their apparent zeta potential, which was also correlated with increased ability to form biofilm. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the heterogeneity in the presence of Ebp is correlated to that in apparent zeta potential. Heterogeneous cultures of OG1RF showed two distinct subpopulations with the most (−38 mV) and least (−26 mV) negative zeta potential. Deletion of EbpR, the activator of the ebp operon, or the structural genes ebpABC resulted in homogeneous culture with the most negative zeta potential. Conversely, overexpression of EbpR or the structural genes ebpABC resulted in homogeneous culture with the least negative zeta potential. The results show that ebp operon expression in E. faecalis, as measured by using P ebp -gfp promoter fusion, is the cause of heterogeneity in zeta potential and that pilus production causes the cells to behave as the least negative particle in an electric field.
Continuum‐based Strain Limiting

We present Continuum‐based Strain Limiting (CSL) – a new method for limiting deformations in physically‐based cloth simulations. Despite recent developments for nearly inextensible materials, the efficient simulation of general biphasic textiles and their anisotropic behavior remains challenging. Many approaches use soft materials and enforce limits on edge elongations, leading to discretization‐dependent behavior. Moreover, they offer no explicit control over shearing and stretching unless specifically aligned meshes are used. Based on a continuum deformation measure, our method allows accurate control over all strain components using individual thresholds. We impose deformation limits element‐wise and cast the problem as a 6×6 system of linear equations. CSL can be combined with any cloth simulator and, as a velocity filter, integrates seamlessly into standard collision handling.
Establishment of a mathematic model for predicting malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to establish a model for predicting the probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and provide guidance for the diagnosis and follow-up intervention of SPNs. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and computed tomography (CT) images of 294 patients with a clear pathological diagnosis of SPN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent predictors of the probability of malignancy in the SPN and to establish a model for predicting malignancy in SPNs. Then, another 120 SPN patients who did not participate in the model establishment were chosen as group B and used to verify the accuracy of the prediction model. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, smoking history, maximum diameter of nodules, spiculation, clear borders, and Cyfra21-1 levels between subgroups with benign and malignant SPNs (P<0.05). These factors were identified as independent predictors of malignancy in SPNs. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.910 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.857-0.963] in model with Cyfra21-1 significantly better than 0.812 (95% CI, 0.763-0.861) in model without Cyfra21-1 (P=0.008). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of our model is significantly higher than the Mayo model, VA model and Peking University People's (PKUPH) model. Our model (AUC =0.910) compared with Brock model (AUC =0.878, P=0.350), the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The model added Cyfra21-1 could improve prediction. The prediction model established in this study can be used to assess the probability of malignancy in SPNs, thereby providing help for the diagnosis of SPNs and the selection of follow-up interventions.
Exact dynamical mean-field theory of the Falicov-Kimball model

The Falicov-Kimball model was introduced in 1969 as a statistical model for metal-insulator transitions; it includes itinerant and localized electrons that mutually interact with a local Coulomb interaction and is the simplest model of electron correlations. It can be solved exactly with dynamical mean-field theory in the limit of large spatial dimensions, which provides an interesting benchmark for the physics of locally correlated systems. In this review, the authors develop the formalism for solving the Falicov-Kimball model from a path-integral perspective and provide a number of expressions for single- and two-particle properties. Many important theoretical results are examined that show the absence of Fermi-liquid features and provide a detailed description of the static and dynamic correlation functions and of transport properties. The parameter space is rich and one finds a variety of many-body features like metal-insulator transitions, classical valence fluctuating transitions, metamagnetic transitions, charge-density-wave order-disorder transitions, and phase separation. At the same time, a number of experimental systems have been discovered that show anomalies related to Falicov-Kimball physics [including ${\mathrm{YbInCu}}_{4},$ ${\mathrm{EuNi}}_{2}({\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}{)}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{NiI}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{x}\mathrm{N}]. $
Cache Prefetching

Ca he prefet hing is a memory laten y hiding te hnique that attempts to bring data to the a hes before the o urren e of a miss. A entral aspe t of all a he prefet hing te hniques is their ability to dete t and predi t parti ular memory referen e patterns. In this paper we will introdu e and ompare how this is done for ea h of the spe i(cid:12) memory referen e patterns that have been identi(cid:12)ed. Be ause most appli ations ontain many di(cid:11)erent memory referen e patterns, we will also dis uss how prefet hing te hniques an be ombined into a me hanism to deal with a larger number of memory referen e patterns. Finally, we will dis uss how appli able the urrently used prefet hing te hniques are for a multimedia pro essing system.
Fgf differentially controls cross-antagonism between cardiac and haemangioblast regulators

Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) has been implicated in the control of heart size during development, although whether this is by controlling cell fate, survival or proliferation has not been clear. Here, we show that Fgf, without affecting survival or proliferation, acts during gastrulation to drive cardiac fate and restrict anterior haemangioblast fate in zebrafish embryos. The haemangioblast programme was thought to be activated before the cardiac programme and is repressive towards it, suggesting that activation by Fgf of the cardiac programme might be via suppression of the haemangioblast programme. However, we show that the cardiac regulator nkx2.5 can also repress the haemangioblast programme and, furthermore, that cardiac specification still requires Fgf signalling even when haemangioblast regulators are independently suppressed. We further show that nkx2.5 and the cloche candidate gene lycat are expressed during gastrulation and regulated by Fgf, and that nkx2.5 overexpression, together with loss of the lycat targets etsrp and scl can stably induce expansion of the heart. We conclude that Fgf controls cardiac and haemangioblast fates by the simultaneous regulation of haemangioblast and cardiac regulators. We propose that elevation of Fgf signalling in the anterior haemangioblast territory could have led to its recruitment into the heart field during evolution, increasing the size of the heart.
Visual tracking using Blind Source Separation for mixed images

Mixed images cannot be avoided in visual tracking since the transmitted scene may be captured with specular reflections. Since few previous methods tackle this important problem, this paper proposes a novel visual tracking method using Blind Source Separation (BSS) for mixed images. Based on the framework of particle filter with compensated motion model at the prediction stage for mobile cameras, this paper improves its correction stage by weighting particles using color histograms on the mixed image and intrinsic illumination image, based on the trichromatic and opponent-process theories, respectively. Moreover, the weighting of each particle is optimized using Maximum Likelihood (ML). Experimental results show that the proposed scheme effectively improves the tracking accuracy on mixed images.
Classifying roof materials using data fusion through kernel composition — Comparing ν-SVM and one-class SVM

Many roof materials are considerable sources of pollutants. A reliable classification approach is required to identify these materials. It is beneficial to fuse the information of hyperspectral and laserscanning data. As the resulting feature space is high dimensional an advanced classifier is needed. Support vector machine classifiers based on kernel composition provide a reasonable mean to cope with high dimensionality. Futhermore, they combine information on the feature level. We evaluate the capabilities of two types of SVMs - ν-SVM and One-class SVM. They use the same mathematical foundations, but are employed conceptually different. While ν-SVM classifies relatively, One-Class SVM is an absolute classifier. Therefore, it can be used to avoid an overly intricate training procedure which would incorporate all classes present in the scene. A comparison classifying roof materials in a combined dataset of HyMap and TopoSys data is presented.
Optimized low-delay source-channel-relay mappings

The three-node relay channel with a Gaussian source is studied for transmission subject to a low-delay constraint. A design algorithm for joint source¿channel mappings is proposed and numerically evaluated. The designed system is compared with reference systems, based on modular source and channel coding, and the distortion-rate function for the Gaussian source using known achievable rates for the relay channel. There is a significant gain, in terms of decreased power, in using the (locally) optimized systems compared with the reference systems. The structure of the resulting source mapping and the relay mapping is visualized and discussed in order to gain understanding of fundamental properties of optimized systems. Interestingly, the design algorithm generally produces relay mappings with a structure that resembles Wyner-Ziv compression.
Probing cytoskeletal pre-stress and nuclear mechanics in endothelial cells with spatiotemporally controlled (de-)adhesion kinetics on micropatterned substrates

ABSTRACT The mechanical properties of living cells reflect their propensity to migrate and respond to external forces. Both cellular and nuclear stiffnesses are strongly influenced by the rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through reorganization of the cyto- and nucleoskeletal protein connections. Changes in this architectural continuum affect cell mechanics and underlie many pathological conditions. In this context, an accurate and combined quantification of the mechanical properties of both cells and nuclei can contribute to a better understanding of cellular (dys-)function. To address this challenge, we have established a robust method for probing cellular and nuclear deformation during spreading and detachment from micropatterned substrates. We show that (de-)adhesion kinetics of endothelial cells are modulated by substrate stiffness and rely on the actomyosin network. We combined this approach with measurements of cell stiffness by magnetic tweezers to show that relaxation dynamics can be considered as a reliable parameter of cellular pre-stress in adherent cells. During the adhesion stage, large cellular and nuclear deformations occur over a long time span (>60 min). Conversely, nuclear deformation and condensed chromatin are relaxed in a few seconds after detachment. Finally, our results show that accumulation of farnesylated prelamin leads to modifications of the nuclear viscoelastic properties, as reflected by increased nuclear relaxation times. Our method offers an original and non-intrusive way of simultaneously gauging cellular and nuclear mechanics, which can be extended to high-throughput screens of pathological conditions and potential countermeasures.
Institutional Policy and Individual Responsibility: Communities of Justice and Principle

Our institutions have become so blinded by the need to protect the rights of students that they have lost sight of the responsibilities of membership in our communities. Creeds, community standards, and learning communities are but a few of the mechanisms and methods being explored as we look for ways to balance individual responsibilities in an educational environment.
Problems with precaution: the transfusion medicine experience

Abstract The precautionary principle is a dominant paradigm governing risk-based decision-making. Today, there are increasing pressures to re-examine aggressive precautionary approaches, and to assess how the principle should be applied in the modern system. In this paper, we examined three key applications of precautionary approaches in the field of transfusion medicine to provide insight into the risks and benefits of these approaches. The three case studies examined were the donor deferral policies to safeguard against transfusion transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, variant Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease, and, lastly, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus. Characterization of precautionary applications was conducted using an embedded case study design. Our findings indicate that transfusion transmission mitigation strategies have become increasingly aggressive in the face of theoretical risks. In contrast, the review processes for implementation and reversal of precautionary policies have been slow, and historical donor deferral policies are still in place today. Application of precautionary approaches has proved challenging with both benefits and pitfalls. In light of emerging threats to the blood system, policy-makers should consider the implementation of frameworks to guide the appropriate application of precaution in transfusion medicine in the future.
Siamese Similarity Between Two Sentences Using Manhattan's Recurrent Neural Networks

Paraphrasing detection needs to understand the sentence as a whole, not just every word. Therefore, if a learning machine does it, it is necessary to process it as a whole word, the relationship between words in a sentence. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are methods commonly used to describe the connection between inputs. This study proposed the detection of paraphrases between two sentences using Manhattan Recurrent Neural Networks. One sentence contains several words arranged in sequence using the Word2vec function. The connection of each word in the RNN network used Long Short-Term Memory. (LSTM). Obtained 800,000 pairs of training data provide accuracy of 82.54% of new data. The experimental results showed that the amount of training data variation is dominant to the number of training data. These results are better than the accuracy of the new data, with half of the training data only yielding 64%. Besides, the result gave the number of epochs during the training collected increased data correctness result.
The impact of privacy protection filters on gender recognition

Deep learning-based algorithms have become increasingly efficient in recognition and detection tasks, especially when they are trained on large-scale datasets. Such recent success has led to a speculation that deep learning methods are comparable to or even outperform human visual system in its ability to detect and recognize objects and their features. In this paper, we focus on the specific task of gender recognition in images when they have been processed by privacy protection filters (e.g., blurring, masking, and pixelization) applied at different strengths. Assuming a privacy protection scenario, we compare the performance of state of the art deep learning algorithms with a subjective evaluation obtained via crowdsourcing to understand how privacy protection filters affect both machine and human vision.
Real-Time Speed Sign Detection Using the Radial Symmetry Detector

Algorithms for classifying road signs have a high computational cost per pixel processed. A detection stage that has a lower computational cost can facilitate real-time processing. Various authors have used shape and color-based detectors. Shape-based detectors have an advantage under variable lighting conditions and sign deterioration that, although the apparent color may change, the shape is preserved. In this paper, we present the radial symmetry detector for detecting speed signs. We evaluate the detector itself in a system that is mounted within a road vehicle. We also evaluate its performance that is integrated with classification over a series of sequences from roads around Canberra and demonstrate it while running online in our road vehicle. We show that it can detect signs with high reliability in real time. We examine the internal parameters of the algorithm to adapt it to road sign detection. We demonstrate the stability of the system under the variation of these parameters and show computational speed gains through their tuning. The detector is demonstrated to work under a wide variety of visual conditions.
Cell type‐specific subunit composition of G protein‐gated potassium channels in the cerebellum

G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK/Kir3) channels regulate cellular excitability and neurotransmission. In this study, we used biochemical and morphological techniques to analyze the cellular and subcellular distributions of GIRK channel subunits, as well as their interactions, in the mouse cerebellum. We found that GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3 subunits co‐precipitated with one another in the cerebellum and that GIRK subunit ablation was correlated with reduced expression levels of residual subunits. Using quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical approaches, we found that GIRK subunits exhibit overlapping but distinct expression patterns in various cerebellar neuron subtypes. GIRK1 and GIRK2 exhibited the most widespread and robust labeling in the cerebellum, with labeling particularly prominent in granule cells. A high degree of molecular diversity in the cerebellar GIRK channel repertoire is suggested by labeling seen in less abundant neuron populations, including Purkinje neurons (GIRK1/GIRK2/GIRK3), basket cells (GIRK1/GIRK3), Golgi cells (GIRK2/GIRK4), stellate cells (GIRK3), and unipolar brush cells (GIRK2/GIRK3). Double‐labeling immunofluorescence and electron microscopies showed that GIRK subunits were mainly found at post‐synaptic sites. Altogether, our data support the existence of rich GIRK molecular and cellular diversity, and provide a necessary framework for functional studies aimed at delineating the contribution of GIRK channels to synaptic inhibition in the cerebellum.
HOF: A History-based Offloading Framework for LTE networks using mobile small cells and Wi-Fi

Small cell deployments are seen as a promising solution for mobile operators due to their potential to improve coverage and increase capacity for indoor areas in a cost-efficient way. Meanwhile, other deployment scenarios are also being sought, such as in public transportation vehicles including buses and streetcars. In this paper, we propose a novel History-based Offloading Framework (HOF) to relieve overburdened macro networks from data traffic generated by mobile users in public transportation vehicles by utilizing small cells and Wi-Fi networks. A small base station (SBS) is installed onboard the vehicle; called a mobile SBS (mobSBS). Mobile users communicate with the mobSBS instead of the distant Macro base station (macroBS). In order to have efficient offloading in terms of bandwidth utilization, mobile data users are prioritized according to different pre-set classes. Our framework takes into account the mobile user's priority and service history to alleviate the effects of non-incessant Wi-Fi availability in order to maximize the offloaded macrocell data traffic. Extensive simulation results have shown that our proposed framework is highly effective in terms of the average offloaded macroBSs data traffic and the total count of offloaded users from the macroBSs.
Social Skills and Executive Function Deficits in Children With the 22q11 Deletion Syndrome

The 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is among the most frequent gene deletion disorders, occurring once in every 6,000 live births. Descriptive reports have suggested marked social differences in affected children. Empirical studies are needed to verify possible social skills deficits among children with 22q11DS, and also to examine possible associations between their frequently reported executive function deficits and social anomalies. Fifty-two parents of affected children (n = 52) and participating control siblings (n = 26) completed the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) and Behavior Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). When compared with control siblings, children with 22q11DS had significantly lower SSRS ratings for Cooperation, Assertion, Responsibility, and Self-Control. Affected children had significantly higher BRIEF ratings for Initiation, Planning, Working Memory, and Monitoring. In affected children, global Social Skill was negatively correlated with BRIEF Global Composite scores. Initiation and Monitoring significantly predicted Social Skill. Children with 22q11DS have marked differences in social skill development which are associated with executive dysfunction.