Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A General Dynamic Information Flow Tracking Framework for Security Applications

Many software security solutions require accurate tracking of control/data dependencies among information objects in network applications. This paper presents a general dynamic information flow tracking framework (called GIFT) for C programs that allows an application developer to associate application-specific tags with input data, instruments the application to propagate these tags to all the other data that are control/data-dependent on them, and invokes application-specific processing on output data according to their tag values. To use GIFT, an application developer only needs to implement input and output proxy functions to tag input data and to perform tag-dependent processing on output data, respectively. To demonstrate the usefulness of GIFT, we implement a complete GIFT application called Aussum, which allows selective sandboxing of network client applications based on whether their inputs are "tainted" or not. For a set of computation-intensive test applications, the measured elapsed time overhead of GIFT is less than 35%
Nucleoside 2'-Deoxyribosyltransferase from Psychrophilic Bacterium Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus — Preparation of an Immobilized Biocatalyst for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Therapeutic Nucleosides

Nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase (NDT) from the psychrophilic bacterium Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus CECT 4074 has been cloned and produced for the first time. A preliminary characterization of the recombinant protein indicates that the enzyme is an NDT type II since it catalyzes the transfer of 2'-deoxyribose between purines and pyrimidines. The enzyme (BpNDT) displays a high activity and stability in a broad range of pH and temperature. In addition, different approaches for the immobilization of BpNDT onto several supports have been studied in order to prepare a suitable biocatalyst for the one-step industrial enzymatic synthesis of different therapeutic nucleosides. Best results were obtained by adsorbing the enzyme on PEI-functionalized agarose and subsequent cross-linking with aldehyde-dextran (20 kDa and 70% oxidation degree). The immobilized enzyme could be recycled for at least 30 consecutive cycles in the synthesis of 2'-deoxyadenosine from 2'-deoxyuridine and adenine at 37 °C and pH 8.0, with a 25% loss of activity. High conversion yield of trifluridine (64.4%) was achieved in 2 h when 20 mM of 2'-deoxyuridine and 10 mM 5-trifluorothymine were employed in the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by immobilized BpNDT at 37 °C and pH 7.5.
The impact of the quality of relationship on the experiences and wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review

Background: Relatively little attention has been given to the effects of caregiving context on the experience of family members providing care for a person with dementia. This review aims to examine the impact of caregiving on the quality of the relationship between caregiver and care-recipient and the impact of the quality of the relationship between the caregiver and care-recipient on the caregiver's and care-recipient's wellbeing. Methods: This was a systematic review. Fifteen quantitative studies were identified that examined the quality of the relationship between caregivers and care-recipients who had dementia, meeting the criterion of using a measure of relationship quality beyond a single item. Results: The findings show that caregiving can have an impact on the quality of the relationship between caregiver and care-recipient. In addition, pre-caregiving and current relationship quality appear to have an impact on caregiver's wellbeing. The care-recipient's needs for help with activities of daily living and level of behavioural problems were found to influence the caregiver's perceptions of relationship quality. Conclusions: Future research should examine both current and pre-caregiving relationship quality. A better understanding of the role of relationship quality in determining the outcomes of caregiving will aid the development of more effective interventions for caregivers.
From text to hypertext by indexing

A model is presented for converting a collection of documents to hypertext by means of indexing. The documents are assumed to be semistructured, i.e., their text is a hierarchy of parts, and some of the parts consist of natural language. The model is intended as a framework for specifying hypertextual reading capabilities for specific application areas and for developing new automated tools for the conversion of semistructured text to hypertext. In the model, two well-known paradigms—formal grammars and document indexing—are combined. The structure of the source text is defined by a schema that is a constrained context-free grammar. The hierarchic structure of the source may thus be modeled by a parse tree for the grammar. The effect of indexing is described by grammar transformations. The new grammar, called an indexing schema, is associated with a new parse tree where some text parts are index elements. The indexing schema may hide some parts of the original documents or the structure of some parts. For information retrieval, parts of the indexed text are considered to be nodes of a hypergraph. In the hypergraph-based information access, the navigation capabilities of the hypertext systems are combined with the querying capabilities of information retrieval systems.
Congenital malformations, palliative care and postnatal redirection to more intensive treatment – a review at a Swiss tertiary center

Abstract Purpose: The so-called lethal malformations pose ethical challenges. Most affected fetuses die before or at birth. Live-born neonates commonly receive palliative care. If the postnatal course is better than expected, redirection towards more treatment may occur. We aimed to analyze this in a Swiss patient cohort. Materials and methods: Over 6 years, fetal malformation was suspected in 1113 cases. We identified patients prenatally assigned to palliative care, assessed pre- and postnatal diagnoses, and outcomes. Results: Fourteen neonates received palliative care. Eleven patients received palliative care following late termination of pregnancy, for three, palliative care was planned and the fetus died during delivery, for two, the outcome was unknown (incomplete documentation). Genetic testing was performed in 50%. The predominant diagnostic group was central nervous system malformations (33%), followed by chromosomal aberrations (20%) and renal anomalies (17%). One child assigned to palliative care was resuscitated. Antenatal findings were anhydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia. Postnatally, respiration was better than expected. The neonate was admitted to intensive care, died on day one. Conclusions: Nervous system malformations seem to be a major criterion for foregoing life-sustaining interventions. Redirection towards more treatment is rare. This may reflect precise prenatal prognostication; a degree of self-fulfilling prophecy cannot be excluded.
Fusion multiscale superpixel features for classification of hyperspectral images

A novel multiscale superpixel-based fusion classification approach is proposed for hyperspectral images in this study. Superpixels are considered as basic processing unit for spectral-spatial based classification. The proposed technique consists of three steps. In the first step, an improved superpixel segmentations are proposed to perform from coarse to fine scales for the original hyperspectral image. In the second step, features of each superpixel are used for classification at each scale. Multiple classifiers are trained for each scale separately. Finally, the multiscale classification is obtained via decision fusion. Experiments are presented for two hyperspectral images and compared with pixelwise and spectral-spatial classification based on segmentation approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively and the accuracy improvement with fusion of multiscale superpixel for hyperspectral classification.
Biosensors for the Detection of Food Pathogens

Food pathogens frequently cause foodborne diseases. There is a need to rapidly identify the source of the bacteria in order to contain their spread and epidemics. A pre-enrichment culture or a direct culture on agar plate are standard microbiological methods. In this review, we present an update on alternative molecular methods to nucleic acid-based detection for species identification. Biosensor-based methods rely on the recognition of antigen targets or receptors by antibodies, aptamers or high-affinity ligands. The captured antigens may be then directly or indirectly detected through an antibody or high-affinity and high-specificity recognition molecule. Various different detection methods are discussed, from label-free sensors and immunosensors to fluorescence-based ones. Each method shows advantages and disadvantages in terms of equipment, sensitivity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Finally, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are introduced briefly, with the potential to be fast, sensitive and useful for on-site bacteria detection in food processing laboratories to check potential contamination by sample monitoring combined with a rapid pre-enrichment step.
Teaching Graphic Symbol Combinations to Children with Limited Speech During Shared Story Reading

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an intervention strategy on the production of graphic symbol combinations in children with limited speech. Four children between the ages of 6;5 and 10;8 (years;months) with limited speech participated in the study. A single-subject, multiple probe design across three different types of semantic relations was used. Generalization to untrained exemplars was also monitored. Results were mixed across the four participants: two participants learned to combine symbols across different types of relations, maintained these skills post intervention, and generalized their skills to untrained combinations; and two participants showed less consistent evidence of learning. The effects, as measured during structured probes, were strong for one participant, moderate for another, and inconclusive for the two others. Responses during shared story reading suggested that the measurement probes might have underestimated participants’ ability to combine symbols.
Towards Explicit Integration of Knowledge in Expert Systems: An Analysis of MYCIN's Therapy Selection Algorithm

The knowledge integration problem arises in rule-based expert systems when two or more recommendations made by right-hand sides of rules must be combined. Current expert systems address this problem either by engineering the rule set to avoid it, or by using a single integration technique built into the interpreter, e.g., certainty factor combination. We argue that multiple techniques are needed and that their use — and underlying assumptions — should be made explicit. We identify some of the techniques used in MYCIN's therapy selection algorithm to integrate the diverse goals it attempts to satisfy, and suggest how knowledge of such techniques could be used to support construction, explanation, and maintenance of expert systems.
Constructing and Refining Multiple Sequence Alignments with PileUp, SeqLab, and the GCG Suite

This unit discusses how the Accelrys GCG Wisconsin Package SeqLab graphical user interface can be used to align, annotate, analyze, and export into alternative formats, multiple biological sequence data. The emphasis is on discovering and recognizing common elements within the dataset. The GCG programs, or implementations of public domain programs thereof, investigated include: LookUp, PileUp, PlotSimilarity, FASTA, Motifs, MEME/MotifSearch, the Profile Package, the HMMER Package, PAUPSearch, and ToFastA. ReadSeq, a non‐GCG, public domain program is also used.
Overweight and obesity in Portugal: national prevalence in 2003–2005

Obesity is an endemic health problem in most developed countries, requiring serious public health attention. The first Portuguese nationwide representative survey about obesity (with objective anthropometric measurement) was undertaken from 1995 to 1998. This paper presents data coming from the second and most recent nationwide representative study of obesity, with objective measurement of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Data were collected between January 2003 and January 2005. The survey collected objective body mass index (BMI) values of 8116 participants aged 18–64. Main findings were: 2.4% of the sample had low weight (BMI < 18.5), 39.4% were overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9), and 14.2% obese (BMI ≥ 30). Waist circumference measurement showed that 45.6% of the sample suffers increased cardiovascular health risks associated with high waist circumference. The overall overweight/obesity prevalence increased from 49.6% (in 1995–1998) to 53.6% (in 2003–2005). These data suggest that although obesity was identified as a public health problem one decade ago, action to reduce it does not seem to have been very effective to date. Well‐defined public health intervention must be targeted to specific population groups where higher levels of obesity prevalence were found: low socioeconomic level groups and low‐education level groups.
Soft error testing at advanced technology nodes

A test vehicle concept for soft error testing of flip-flop designs has been developed and verified at 40 nm technology node. Key contribution of this test vehicle has been identification of any new unpredictable failure mechanisms, training of engineers for soft error testing and mitigation, establishment of knowledge database, and to build a start-to-finish (designers-foundry-system) link for a complete solution for soft error related issues. Major issues faced by the designers and test results are discussed for 40 nm technology node.
Priming-induced shift in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus.

The activity history of a given neuron has been suggested to influence its future responses to synaptic input in one prominent model of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity proposed by Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM theory). Because plasticity of synaptic plasticity (i.e., metaplasticity) is similar in concept to aspects of the BCM proposal, we have tested the possibility that a form of metaplasticity induced by a priming stimulation protocol might exhibit BCM-like characteristics. CA1 field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) obtained from rat hippocampal slices were used to monitor synaptic responses before and after conditioning stimuli (3-100 Hz) of the Schaffer collateral inputs. A substantial rightward shift (>5-fold) in the frequency threshold between long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) was observed <1 h after priming. This change in the LTD/P crossover point occurred at both primed and unprimed synaptic pathways. These results provide new support for the existence of a rapid, heterosynaptic, experience-dependent mechanism that is capable of modifying the synaptic plasticity phenomena that are commonly proposed to be important for developmental and learning/memory processes in the brain.
Evaluating C++ Design Pattern Miner Tools

Many articles and tools have been proposed over the years for mining design patterns from source code. These tools differ in several aspects, thus their fair comparison is hard. Besides the basic methodology, the main differences are that the tools operate on different representations of the subject system and that the pattern definitions differ as well. In this paper we first provide a common measurement platform for three well-known pattern mining systems, Columbus, Maisa and CrocoPat. Then we compare these tools on four C++ open-source systems: DC++,WinMerge, Jikes and Mozilla. Columbus can discover patterns from the C++ source code itself, while Maisa and CrocoPat require the representation of a software system in a special textual format, so we extended Columbus to provide the common input for the two other tools. We compared these tools in terms of speed, memory consumption and the differences between the hits. While the first two aspects showed comparable results, the recognition capabilities were quite diverse. This is probably due to the significant difference in how the patterns to be recognized and formalized by the tools. Therefore we conclude that a more precise and formal description of design patterns would be desirable.
Inhibition by Diazepam and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid of Depolarization‐Induced Release of [14C]Cysteine Sulfinate and [3H]Glutamate in Rat Hippocampal Slices

Abstract: Effects of diazepam and γ‐aminobutyric acid‐related compounds on the release of [14C]cysteine sulfinate and [3H]glutamate from preloaded hippocampal slices of rat brain were examined by a superfusion method. Diazepam markedly inhibited the release of cysteine sulfinate and glutamate evoked either by high K+ or veratridine without affecting that of other neurotransmitter candidates, e.g., γ‐aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and dopamine; IC50 values for the release of cysteine sulfinate and glutamate were about 20 and 7 μM, respectively. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (1 to 10 μM) and muscimol (100 μM) significantly reduced high K+‐stimulated release of glutamate. Bicuculline, which had no effect on the release at a concentration of 50 μM by itself, antagonized the inhibitory effects of diazepam and γ‐aminobutyric acid on glutamate release. Similar results were obtained with the release of cysteine sulfinate except that a high concentration (100 μM) of γ‐aminobutyric acid was required for the inhibition. These results indicate the modulation by γ‐aminobutyric acid innervation of the release of excitatory amino acids in rat hippocampal formation, and also suggest that some of the pharmacological effects of diazepam may be a consequence of inhibition of excitatory amino acid transmission.
Parallel Parsing on a One-Way Array of Finite-State Machines

We show that a one-way two-dimensional iterative array of finite-state machines (2-DIA) can recognize and parse strings of any context-free language in linear time. What makes this result interesting and rather surprising is the fact that each processor of the array holds only a fixed amount of information (independent of the size of the input) and communicates with its neighbors in only one direction. This makes for a simple VLSI implementation. Although it is known that recognition can be done on a 2-DIA, previous parsing algorithms require the processors to have unbounded memory, even when the communication is two-way. We also consider the problem of finding approximate patterns in strings, the string-to-string correction problem, and the longest common subsequence problem, and show that they can be solved in linear time on a 2-DIA.
Influence of Habitat Type on Food Supply, Selectivity, and Diet Overlap of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Brook Trout in Beaver Creek, Idaho

Abstract We collected invertebrate drift samples and stomach contents of native Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah and nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Beaver Creek, Idaho, during August 1995 to assess food availability and the potential for competition. Regardless of whether samples came from beaver pond or from high-gradient or low-gradient reaches, aquatic Diptera numerically dominated drifting invertebrates by at least fivefold over all other categories captured in 1-h drift samples. Abundances and drift densities of drifting invertebrates were high in the three reach habitat types sampled: beaver pond (3,152 individuals; 18.9 invertebrates/m3), high-gradient reach (5,216 individuals; 26.5 invertebrates/m3), and low-gradient reach (4,908 individuals; 17.2 invertebrates/m3). Cutthroat trout consumed significantly more invertebrates per individual than did brook trout. However, there was no relationship between fish length and consumption. Diets of both brook and cutthroat.
Role of parental support in sports success of talented young dutch athletes

Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. Role of parental support in sports success of talented young dutch athletes Autor(es): Visscher, Chris; Elferink-Gemser, Marije T. ; Lemmink, Koen A. P. M. Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle. net/10316.2/38870 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14195/978-989-26-1171-6_7
Forecasting Dangerous Inmate Misconduct: An Application of Ensemble Statistical Procedures

In this paper, we attempt to forecast which prison inmates are likely to engage in very serious misconduct while incarcerated. Such misconduct would usually be a major felony if committed outside of prison: drug trafficking, assault, rape, attempted murder and other crimes. The binary response variable is problematic because it is highly unbalanced. Using data from nearly 10,000 inmates held in facilities operated by the California Department of Corrections, we show that several popular classification procedures do no better than the marginal distribution unless the data are weighted in a fashion that com pensates for the lack of balance. Then, random forests performs reasonably well, and better than CART or logistic regression. Although less than 3% of the inmates studied over 24 months were reported for very serious misconduct, we are able to correctly forecast such behavior about half the time.
Derivation of the Cramér-Rao Bound in the GNSS-Reflectometry Context for Static, Ground-Based Receivers in Scenarios with Coherent Reflection

The use of the reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems’ (GNSS) signals in Earth observation applications, referred to as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has been already studied for more than two decades. However, the estimation precision that can be achieved by GNSS-R sensors in some particular scenarios is still not fully understood yet. In an effort to partially fill this gap, in this paper, we compute the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) for the specific case of static ground-based GNSS-R receivers and scenarios where the coherent component of the reflected signal is dominant. We compute the CRB for GNSS signals with different modulations, GPS L1 C/A and GPS L5 I/Q, which use binary phase-shift keying, and Galileo E1 B/C and E5, using the binary offset carrier. The CRB for these signals is evaluated as a function of the receiver bandwidth and different scenario parameters, such as the height of the receiver or the properties of the reflection surface. The CRB computation presented considers observation times of up to several tens of seconds, in which the satellite elevation angle observed changes significantly. Finally, the results obtained show the theoretical benefit of using modern GNSS signals with GNSS-R techniques using long observation times, such as the interference pattern technique.