Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On making silk purses: developing reflective practitioners in hospitality management education

Objectives being set by governmental, educational and industrial bodies suggest that future managers need to be reflective practitioners, and this issue will have to be addressed by hospitality educators. The paper suggests that if educators are to meet targets to achieve general standards of graduateness which require theoretical and critical evaluation as well as the demonstration of practical and organisational skills, they need to be systematic about their understanding of students’ learning preferences. Results from the pilot study reported on in this paper suggest that hospitality students have learning preferences which do not naturally include theorising or reflection. This paper furthermore reports on one set of educational concepts which can be useful in tracking students’ learning styles and in encouraging the development of more reflective approaches to study and management tasks.
Measuring Social Mobility

Abstract The paper considers the ranking of mobility matrices in a simple Markov model of social mobility. The approach is the dynamic counterpart ot the "static" inequality ranking of income distributions by the Lorenz curve. The derived partial ordering is motivated by welfare considerations, is shown to be equivalent to same intuitive mobility concepts, and is used to screen some immobility indices. The equivalence of the ranking with the "permanent income" Lorenz ordering gives support to the claim that this approach is the natural extension of Kolm′s [The optimal production of social justice, in "Public Economics (J. Margolis and H. Guitton, Eds.), MacMillan, London, 1969], Atkinson′s [On the measurement of inequality, J. Econ. Theory2 (1970), 244–263], and Dasgupta, Sen, and Starrett′s [Notes on the measurement of inequality, J. Econ. Theory6 (1973), 180–187] approaches. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D31, D63, J62.
Physiological condition and water source use of Sonoran desert riparian trees at the Bill Williams river, Arizona, USA

We investigated the environmental water sources used in mid-summer by three Sonoran Desert phreatophytic riparian tree species, Salix gooddingii, Populus fremontii, and the exotic Tamarix spp. , at sites that differed in water table depth. Salix gooddingii was most sensitive to water table decline, as evidenced by lower predawn water potentials. Although P. fremontii was less sensitive to water table decline than S. gooddingii, its leaf gas exchange was the most responsive to atmospheric water stress imposed by high leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit. Tamarix spp. was least sensitive to water table decline and showed no reduction of predawn water potential over the measured range of depth to groundwater. Comparison between D/H of xylem and sampled environmental water sources suggest that S. gooddingii and P. fremontii used groundwater at most sites with no change in water source as depth to groundwater varied. In contrast, xylem D/H of Tamarix spp. was depleted in deuterium compared to groundwater at most sites, suggesting use of water from an unsampled source, or discrimination against deuterium during water uptake. This study highlights the difficulty in sampling all water sources in large-scale studies of riparian ecosystems with complex subsurface hydrogeology.
Assessing microleakage of composite restorations in class V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser irradiation or diamond bur

Introduction: The aim of this study was to make a comparison between microleakage of conventionally restored class V cavities using bur and acid etchant and, the ones prepared and conditioned by Er:YAG laser. Materials and Methods: 30 recently extracted intact caries and filling free human permanent molars were used for this study. Then, Cold cure acrylic resin was used to seal the apices. The samples were randomly assigned to 5 groups of six each. Class V cavities were prepared one on buccal and one on lingual surface of each sample. Group 1: cavity preparation by diamond bur and turbine + acid etch, Group 2: cavity preparation by Er:YAG laser + acid etch, Group 3: cavity preparation by Er:YAG laser + Laser etching, Group 4: cavity preparation by diamond bur and turbine + laser etching, Group 5: cavity preparation by Er:YAG laser with no conditioning procedure. The cavities restored with restorative composite resin. Samples were then immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. Results: The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between enamel and cementum margin microleakage, while the higher microleakage was related to the cementum margin of restorations. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in evaluating microleakeage degree of cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser and diamond bur.
The Phoretic Scavenging of Aerosol Particles in Clouds

The capture efficiency was obtained experimentally near 30% relative humidity for cloud drops (56-93 μm radius) with solid particles of manganese hypophosphite (0.58-3.2 μm radius), and near 90% relative humidity for drops (60-92 μm radius) with hollow particles of lithium carbonate (2 μm radius). In every experimental run a large number of widely space uniform size drops fell through a monodisperse cloud of particles. Each efficiency was determined from several runs by measuring the collected particle mass using atomic absorption or emission spectroscopy. This experiment has provided the first measurements of thermodiffusiophoretic scavenging by evaporating drops as a function of particle size. Good agreement with theory was found for the larger particles scavenged by inertial impaction, but not for smaller particles which were scavenged by phoretic forces. The data do not agree with the predicted variation of phoretic capture efficiency with particle size. The data show increased efficiencies for particles with lower thermal conductivity which is consistent with the theoretical trend. Thus, the results indicate capture by thermophoresis, however, the data also indicate that slip flow theories for phoresis of an isolated particle in a uniform temperature gradient is probably inadequate to describe our experiment results. Several important generalizations can be deduced from these results. Phoretic scavenging can be significant for particles in the gap where Brownian and inertial capture are inefficient. Phoretic scavenging is dominant in the gap for particles of high thermal conductivity with RH < 50% and particles of low conductivity with RH < 97%. In the later case, phoretic efficiencies are comparable to electrical efficiencies in thunderstorms.
Welfare-to-Work Reform and Intergenerational Support: Grandmothers' Response to the 1996 PRWORA

The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in the US aimed at encouraging work among low income mothers with children aged below 18. In this paper, we use a sample of 2,843 intergenerational family observations from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate the effects of the reform on single grandmothers who are related to those mothers. The results suggest that that the reform decreased time transfers but increased money transfers from grandmothers. Our results are consistent with an intergenerational family support network where higher child care subsidies motivated the family to shift away from grandmothe provided child care, and where grandmothers increased money transfers to either help cover the remaining cost of formal care or to partly compensate for the loss in benefits of welfare leavers.
Evaluation of State-Dependent Pedestrian Tracking Based on Finite Sets

This paper addresses the use of multiobject filters based on finite set statistics with a special focus on sensor characteristics for the use in distributed indoor pedestrian tracking with multiple sensors. For this purpose, a sensing framework is presented consisting of Lidar sensors together with depth cameras. To make use of previously existing knowledge about the measuring process, an adaptive sensor model is presented with a focus on state-dependent modeling of the sensor characteristics. The model incorporates changes in the probability of detection due to the distance between the object and the sensor, occlusions, and the sensor location-dependent environment. The model is incorporated into three approximations of a Bayes optimal multiobject filter, namely, the probability hypothesis density filter, the cardinalized probability hypothesis filter, and the cardinality balanced multitarget multi-Bernoulli filter. Using labeled sequential Monte Carlo implementations, the filters are evaluated with and without the proposed adaptive sensor models for partly simulated and real data. The evaluation was done using ground truth data obtained by a marker-based motion capture system. It is shown that the adaptive model achieves superior tracking results in simulation and real experiments for all approximations with the cardinalized probability hypothesis filter producing the best results.
The False Promise of International Institutions

Since the Cold War ended, Western policymakers have sought to create security arrangements in Europe, as well as in other regions of the globe, that are based on international institutions. In doing so, they explicitly reject balance-of-power politics as an organizing concept for the post-Cold War world. During the 1992 presidential campaign, for example, President Clinton declared that, "in a world where freedom, not tyranny, is on the march, the cynical calculus of pure power politics simply does not compute. It is ill-suited to a new era. " Before taking office, Anthony Lake, the president's national security adviser, criticized the Bush administration for viewing the world through a "classic balance of power prism," whereas he and Mr. Clinton took a "more 'neoWilsonian' view. "' This approach to international politics rests on the belief that institutions are a key means of promoting world peace.2 In particular, Western policymakers claim that the institutions that "served the West well" before the Soviet Union collapsed must be reshaped to encompass Eastern Europe as well.3 "There is no reason," according to Secretary of State Warren Christopher, "why our institutions or our aspirations should
A quality enhancement through defect reduction using refactoring operation

Refactoring is widely used technique to enhance overall quality of an existing software system by changing its internal structure without modifying its external behavior. Although, it is difficult to implement the refactoring manually, it helps to reduce the defects in the existing software. Three main types of design defects are investigated in the current study namely blob, Spaghetti Code (SC) and Functional Decomposition (FD) by applying specific rule which are based on the combination of Object-Oriented (OO) metrics and their threshold values. Further, study also suggests a novel approach to minimize the defects and improve the quality of software system by applying specific refactoring operations into the code. Five large open source projects JDATEPICKER, JXLS, JTDS, JFREECHART and JHOTDRAW were used for the empirical evaluation of the suggested approach. Results show that the refactoring is very effective for reducing the probability of the number of defects in existing software. We found that 20%, 16%, 4%, 14% and 5% defects are reduced in JDATEPICKER, JXLS, JTDS, JFREECHART and JHOTDRAW software respectively. The results produces in this study are useful for the developers to identify the defect prone areas in the software and reduce the probability of occurrence of defects in source code before its release.
Service recovery model: the integrated view

Through the integrated analytical view of overall cultural values and individual emotional intelligence (EI), psychological empowerment and management involvement, this research explores influences on service recovery. It combines the methods of linear multivariate data analysis and nonlinear fuzzy neural network methods to analyze data and verify the hypotheses. Through an investigation on the subsidiaries of financial groups in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the empirical results showed that the employees with lower EI would be affected by the involvement of management and adopt different service recovery measures; for the employees having traditional eastern cultural values, because of the involvement of management, they would adopt different service recovery measures; when the employees' perceived psychological empowerment level was higher, they were more likely to manage active recovery measures. The characteristic of this research combines the empirical methods of linear multivariate data analysis and the nonlinear fuzzy neural network model. There were rare related studies in the past and in addition, in the comparative studies of the related issues in the past, there were rare focuses on enterprises with different nationalities but sharing the same specific language, which was worthy of further exploration.
Indigenous women as entrepreneurs in global front line innovation systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate an entrepreneurial process with unusual characteristics, focusing on Sami micro and mezo level entrepreneurial logics and terms.Design/methodology/approach – The case study is a Sami community in Sweden, where a gender equality project developed into involvement with global innovations systems, in advanced networking development. The paper builds on ethnological methodology and an interactive approach. Market signalling theory is applied, uniquely for this paper, to public funding decisions.Findings – The paper found anticipation among Sami of mobile ICT to take over the key role in herding, from the present mechanized and motorized era. The many‐faceted entrepreneurial process contradicts a fundamental split between survival and self expression mode for economic strategy taken for granted in, e.g. Richard Florida's theory on the creative class. Regarding public funding for research and entrepreneurial initiatives, the paper finds that the national lev.
Stochastic Efficiency Analysis with Risk Aversion Bounds: A Correction

A recent contribution by Meyer et al. (2009, p. 521) corrected an error of fact by Hardaker et al. (2004b, p. 253) about the comparison between stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDRF) and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF). While both methods compare risky prospects for a bounded range of degrees of risk aversion, SERF, unlike SDRF, also demands an assumption that a chosen measure of risk aversion is constant over all levels of outcomes being evaluated. It is argued that it is generally reasonable to make such an assumption, especially when the form of the utility function and the bounds on the degree of risk aversion are carefully chosen. Then SERF has the advantage that it can lead to a smaller efficient set than that identified by SDRF. SERF also has advantages of ease and transparency in use.
Automatic recognition and segmentation of coronary artery lumen based on snake model in CTA data

Coronary disease is one of the top death-leading diseases around the word, and timely detection and effective pretreatment seems to be the only way to reduce mortality. With the fast development of CT (computed tomography) technology, CCTA (coronary computed tomography angiography) has become a common measure to detect coronary lesion, and automatic recognition and segmentation of coronary artery are the bases for coronary lesion detection in CCTA data. A method based on Snake active contour is proposed in this paper for automatic recognizing and segmenting the coronary artery in CTA data. Firstly, a Hough circle transform is used to detect the location of ascending aorta in CCTA slices; then, the ascending aorta is segmented with an adapted threshold slice by slice, and a snake model is used to fit the contour of the ascending aorta. Since the joint between ascending aorta and coronary artery is regarded as the abnormal embossments on the ascending aorta's contour, coronary artery can be located by subtracting the smooth fitted snake contour; Finally, a region-grow algorithm is performed to roughly segment the coronary artery to verify the correctness of the algorithm. Experiment result show that the method proposed in this paper can be high efficient and relatively inerrant in coronary artery recognition.
Econometric Analysis of Aggregation in the Context of Linear Prediction Models

This paper focuses on whether to use macro or micro equations to predict aggregate variables. The Grunfeld-Griliches prediction criterion is generalized to allow for contemporaneous covariances across the micro equations and for parametric restrictions on the disaggregate equations. An econometric test is proposed of the hypothesis of "perfect aggregation. " An application is made to employment demand functions for the U.K. economy disaggregated by forty industries. The hypothesis of perfect aggregation is firmly rejected. The prediction criterion marginally favors the aggregate equation when aggregating over the manufacturing industries, but over all industries the disaggregated equations are strongly preferred. Copyright 1989 by The Econometric Society.
The role of politics in the implementation of information systems: a hospital case

This paper presents an exploratory study of the effects of organisational politics on the outcomes of an information system implementation project in a hospital organisation. The research was designed as a longitudinal case study, which was informed by an ethnographic method, with the researcher acting as observer and field interviewer. The case results illustrate the consequences of active and passive political behaviour. Passive political behaviour is aimed at avoiding conflict and legitimising the outcomes, rather than producing any substantive results. Active political behaviour on the other hand supports the quick realisation of goals, which, however, need not be the "official" ones. Active political behaviour therefore appears to be an essential but not necessarily sufficient success factor.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Noroviruses by Using TaqMan-Based One-Step Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays and Application to Naturally Contaminated Shellfish Samples

ABSTRACT Noroviruses (NoV), which are members of the family Caliciviridae, are the most important cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are commonly found in shellfish grown in polluted waters. In the present study, we developed broadly reactive one-step TaqMan reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of genogroup I (GI) and GII NoV in fecal samples, as well as shellfish samples. The specificity and sensitivity of all steps of the assays were systematically evaluated, and in the final format, the monoplex assays were validated by using RNA extracted from a panel of 84 stool specimens, which included NoV strains representing 19 different genotypes (7 GI, 11 GII, and 1 GIV strains). The assays were further validated with 38 shellfish cDNA extracts previously tested by nested PCR. Comparison with a recently described real-time assay showed that our assay had significantly higher sensitivity and was at least as sensitive as the nested PCR. For stool specimens, a one-step duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay performed as well as individual genogroup-specific monoplex assays. All other enteric viruses examined were negative, and no cross-reaction between genogroups was observed. These TaqMan RT-PCR assays provide rapid (less than 90 min), sensitive, and reliable detection of NoV and should prove to be useful for routine monitoring of both clinical and shellfish samples.
No Association of Blood Type O With Neuroendocrine Tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

CONTEXT An association between ABO blood type and the development of cancer, in particular, pancreatic cancer, has been reported in the literature. An association between blood type O and neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) patients was recently suggested. Therefore, blood type O was proposed as an additional factor to personalize screening criteria for neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1 patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between blood type O and the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors in the national Dutch MEN1 cohort. DESIGN This is a cohort study using the Dutch National MEN1 database, which includes more than 90% of the Dutch MEN1 population. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed by blood type. Chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests were used to determine the association between blood type O and occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors. A cumulative incidence analysis (Gray's test) was performed to assess the equality of cumulative incidence of neuroendocrine tumors in blood type groups, taking death into account as a competing risk. RESULTS The ABO blood type of 200 of 322 MEN1 patients was known. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar among blood type O and non-O type cohorts. The occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, thymus, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract was equally distributed across the blood type O and non-O type cohorts (Grays's test for equality; P = 0.72). Furthermore, we found no association between blood type O and the occurrence of metastatic disease or survival. CONCLUSIONS An association between blood type O and the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1 patients was not confirmed. For this reason, the addition of the blood type to screening and surveillance practice seems not to be of additional value for identifying MEN1 patients at risk for the development of neuroendocrine tumors, metastatic disease, or a shortened survival.
Circulating current reduction for a D-Σ digital controlled transformerless UPS

This paper presents a three-phase transformerless uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) based division-summation (D-Σ) digital control. A transformerless UPS controls the power flow between dc link and utility grid, as well as tracks the ac reference voltage. The proposed control law derived with D-Σ digital approach takes into account the effects of dc-link voltage fluctuation, grid-voltage distortion and inductance variation due to different current levels. Thus, distortion of input current and filter inductor core size can be reduced significantly. However, circulating current may flow through the common ground between the input power factor corrector (PFC) and the output three-phase four-wire inverter. The derived control law based on SPWM can suppress this circulating current and regulate output voltages tightly. Experimental results measured from a three-phase transformerless UPS have confirmed the analysis and discussion of the proposed control approach.
Are economic tracking portfolios useful for forecasting output and inflation in Austria?

We construct economic tracking portfolios from Austrian stock market returns, euro/dollar exchange rate changes and changes in the oil price to extract revisions of market expectations about future industrial production growth and inflation in Austria. The forecasting ability of the portfolios is evaluated in-sample and in a pseudo out-of-sample forecasting experiment. It turns out that the tracking portfolios track both target variables in-sample. The portfolios also help to forecast annual industrial production growth out-of-sample. The predictive ability of the tracking portfolios for inflation is rather low. *The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank.