Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Two-Factor Authentication and Key Agreement Using Dynamic Identities in Wireless Sensor Networks

Key agreements that use only password authentication are convenient in communication networks, but these key agreement schemes often fail to resist possible attacks, and therefore provide poor security compared with some other authentication schemes. To increase security, many authentication and key agreement schemes use smartcard authentication in addition to passwords. Thus, two-factor authentication and key agreement schemes using smartcards and passwords are widely adopted in many applications. Vaidya et al. recently presented a two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Kim et al. observed that the Vaidya et al. scheme fails to resist gateway node bypassing and user impersonation attacks, and then proposed an improved scheme for WSNs. This study analyzes the weaknesses of the two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme of Kim et al., which include vulnerability to impersonation attacks, lost smartcard attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks, violation of session key security, and failure to protect user privacy. An efficient and secure authentication and key agreement scheme for WSNs based on the scheme of Kim et al. is then proposed. The proposed scheme not only solves the weaknesses of previous approaches, but also increases security requirements while maintaining low computational cost.
Proper motions and CCD-photometry of stars in the region of the open cluster NGC 1513

The results of astrometric and photometric investigations of the poorly studied open cluster NGC 1513 are presented. The proper motions of 333 stars with a root-mean-square error of $1.9\;{\rm mas\,yr^{-1}}$ were obtained by means of the automated measuring complex “Fantasy”. Eight astrometric plates covering the time interval of 101 years were measured and a total of 141 astrometric cluster members identified. BV CCD-photometry was obtained for stars in an area $17\arcmin\times 17\arcmin$ centered on the cluster. Altogether 33 stars were considered to be cluster members with high reliability by two criteria. The estimated age of NGC 1513 is $2.54\times 10^8\,$ years.
The effects of participation in movement programs on the movement competence, self-esteem and resiliency of adolescent girls

Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2008. %%%%The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different types of movement programs on movement competence, self-esteem and resiliency in adolescent girls from a low-socio economic environment. A non-equivalentcontrol-group design was followed. A total of N=63 girls from similar socioeconomic environments between the ages of 13-14 participated in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups. The pre-tests and post-tests were administered to all groups. Four motor fitness/motor ability tests were selected to gather data about movement competence. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985) was used to measure self-esteem and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) was used to measure resiliency. Only two of the groups received intervention programs. One group received 20 sessions in an expressive dance movement program called Biodanza and the other intervention group received 20 sessions in self-defence.
Synthesis of sampling modes for adaptive control

Recent studies have shown that adaptively regulating the sampling rate results in significant reduction in the computational resources of embedded software based control. Selecting a uniform sampling rate for a control loop is robust, but pessimistic for sharing processors among multiple control loops. Fine-grained regulation of periodicity achieves better resource utilization, but is hard to implement online in a robust way. However, an offline control theoretic analysis of the system illustrates the benefits of proper period selection for different modes. Such analysis reveals the necessity to automatically derive a multi-mode scheduler and converge on suitable periods for each mode. This paper proposes a methodology to automatically generate such a scheduler for an embedded real-time control system leveraging its design attributes. The proposed method provides significant gains in computational efficiency without trading off the performance.
Case Studies of Internationalization in Adult and Higher Education

This report outlines a method for learning about the internationalization processes at institutions of adult and higher education and then provides the analysis of data gathered from the researchers’ own institution and from site visits to three additional universities in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was found that campus internationalization requires a deep understanding and appreciation of the institutional context. In addition, although elements of internationalization may be implemented, the findings indicate there is a need to underpin these approaches with (a) a shared understanding of what internationalization is and the ways it should ultimately impact student learning within an institution and (b) a collection of assessment methods for evaluating internationalization efforts and learning outcomes. Implications and recommendations for further research are also offered.
Good Relations between Foster Parents and Birth Parents: A Swedish Study of Practices Promoting Successful Cooperation in Everyday Life

The importance for foster children's well-being of good relations between foster parents and birth parents is a common topic of research. This article aims to contribute to an understanding of how co-parenting by foster parents and birth parents works in everyday life, from both parties' perspectives, whether or not they knew each other previously. The 10 studied cases, comprising altogether 19 interviews, concern teenage placements and are almost equally divided between kinship, network, and traditional foster families. This article claims that for co-parenting to be possible it is of vital importance to have an “open foster family”, one that is open and welcoming toward the birth parents. Such openness includes the provision of regular information to the birth parents about the everyday life of their child, mutual planning of the child's situation, and, most beneficially, invitations for face-to-face encounters between youth, foster parents, and birth parents. Both parties' mutual engagement with the foster youth serves as the foundation of the cooperation. The service and support that social workers can offer in this process is important. Due to similarities between the family cultures, cooperation is facilitated in kinship foster families.
Camera Calibration in Binocular Stereo Vision of Moving Robot

A method for camera calibration in robotic binocular stereo vision is introduced in this paper. Camera calibration is a necessary step in 3D computer vision in order to extract metric information from 2D images. Being different from with single camera calibration, binocular stereo vision system not only needs to ascertain intrinsic parameters, but also the relative position relation of two cameras. We compute it in two steps: first, we compute the intrinsic and initial extrinsic parameters of camera by Zhang Plane-based calibration method; second, we suppose the intrinsic parameter is invariable, camera's moving parameters can be computed by self-calibration method, through finding the stereo matching point and calculating the fundamental matrix and essential matrix
Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Systemic Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Function in ApoE−/− Mice

Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in atherosclerotic-susceptible ApoE−/− mice. An acute toxicological animal experiment was designed with PM2.5 exposure once a day, every other day, for three days. Methods: ApoE−/− and C57BL/6 mice were randomly categorized into four groups, respectively (n = 6): one control group, three groups exposed to PM2.5 alone at low-, mid-, and high-dose (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg b.w.). Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored before instillation of PM2.5 and 24 h after the last instillation, respectively. Cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography (Echo) after the last instillation. Biomarkers of systemic oxidative injuries (MDA, SOD), heart oxidative stress (MDA, SOD), and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22phox, p47phox) mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in mice. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure could trigger the significant increase of MDA, and induce the decrease of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function with a dose–response manner. Meanwhile, abnormal ECG types were monitored in mice after exposure to PM2.5. The expression of cytokines related with oxidative injuries, and mRNA and protein expression of NADPH, increased significantly in ApoE−/− mice in the high-dose group when compared with the dose-matched C57BL6 mice, but no significant difference was observed at Echo. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposure could cause oxidative and ANS injuries, and ApoE−/− mice displayed more severe oxidative effects induced by PM2.5.
Maximum volume clustering: a new discriminative clustering approach

The large volume principle proposed by Vladimir Vapnik, which advocates that hypotheses lying in an equivalence class with a larger volume are more preferable, is a useful alternative to the large margin principle. In this paper, we introduce a new discriminative clustering model based on the large volume principle called maximum volume clustering (MVC), and then propose two approximation schemes to solve this MVC model: A soft-label MVC method using sequential quadratic programming and a hard-label MVC method using semi-definite programming, respectively. The proposed MVC is theoretically advantageous for three reasons. The optimization involved in hard-label MVC is convex, and under mild conditions, the optimization involved in soft-label MVC is akin to a convex one in terms of the resulting clusters. Secondly, the soft-label MVC method possesses a clustering error bound. Thirdly, MVC includes the optimization problems of a spectral clustering, two relaxed k-means clustering and an information-maximization clustering as special limit cases when its regularization parameter goes to infinity. Experiments on several artificial and benchmark data sets demonstrate that the proposed MVC compares favorably with state-of-the-art clustering methods.
Understanding the social and cognitive experiences of children involved in technology design processes

Technology has become ubiquitous not only in the lives of adults, but also in the lives of children. For every technology, there is a process by which it is designed. In many cases, children are involved in these design processes. This study examined the social and cognitive experiences of children who were integrally involved in a technology design process in partnership with adults. This research study employed a Vygotskian lens with a case study research method, to understand the cognitive and social experiences of child technology design partners over a one-year period of design and partnership. Artifact analysis, participant observation, and interviews were used to collect and analyze data. Results from this study demonstrated that children involved in technology design process in partnership with adults experienced social and cognitive experiences which fall into the areas of relationships, enjoyment, confidence, communication, collaboration, skills, and content.
Bird migration times, climate change, and changing population sizes

Past studies of bird migration times have shown great variation in migratory responses to climate change. We used 33 years of bird capture data (1970–2002) from Manomet, Massachusetts to examine variation in spring migration times for 32 species of North American passerines. We found that changes in first arrival dates – the unit of observation used in most studies of bird migration times – often differ dramatically from changes in the mean arrival date of the migration cohort as a whole. In our study, the earliest recorded springtime arrival date for each species occurred 0.20 days later each decade. In contrast, the mean arrival dates for birds of each species occurred 0.78 days earlier each decade. The difference in the two trends was largely explained by declining migration cohort sizes, a factor not examined in many previous studies. We found that changes in migration cohort or population sizes may account for a substantial amount of the variation in previously documented changes in migration times. After controlling for changes in migration cohort size, we found that climate variables, migration distance, and date of migration explained portions of the variation in migratory changes over time. In particular, short‐distance migrants appeared to respond to changes in temperature, while mid‐distance migrants responded particularly strongly to changes in the Southern Oscillation Index. The migration times of long‐distance migrants tended not to change over time. Our findings suggest that previously reported changes in migration times may need to be reinterpreted to incorporate changes in migration cohort sizes.
MOSM: An approach for efficient storing massive small files on Hadoop

Benefiting from its high scalability and high reliability, Hadoop has become a popular big data processing platform at present. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) which is one of the cores of Hadoop can efficiently store large files. However, massive small files stored in the HDFS cause the “small files problem” due to the bottleneck of NameNode memory and access performance. To solve the defect for storing massive small files, we propose a multilevel optimization storage method (MOSM), which optimizes the storage process of small files. We use an algorithm to merge small files into large files to reduce memory utilization of NameNode. After merging, we design an efficient hybrid index strategy and a prefetching cache mechanism to improve the speed of small files accessing. The experimental results indicate that the MOSM is able to reduce the load of NameNode effectively and improve the ability of Hadoop cluster to store numerous small files.
Theorizing the Criminal Justice System

This article identifies and discusses four models that seek to explain the development of the criminal justice system and in whose interests it operates. Three existing, apparently competing, and contradictory models are identified: (1) the orthodox social progress model; (2) the radical conflict model; and (3) the carceral society surveillance model. This article introduces a fourth, the left realist hybrid model, which recognizes the strengths and complementary potential of the other three models and which proposes that a synthesis of all provides a more comprehensive explanatory tool. At the same time, this hybrid model importantly recognizes the interest and collusion of the general public in the creation of the increasingly pervasive sociocontrol surveillance matrix of the carceral society of which the contemporary criminal justice system is a central component.
Non-projective Dependency-based Pre-Reordering with Recurrent Neural Network for Machine Translation

The quality of statistical machine translation performed with phrase based approaches can be increased by permuting the words in the source sentences in an order which resembles that of the target language. We propose a class of recurrent neural models which exploit source-side dependency syntax features to re-order the words into a target-like order. We evaluate these models on the German-to-English language pair, showing significant improvements over a phrase-based Moses baseline, obtaining a quality similar or superior to that of hand-coded syntactical reordering rules.
Cooling magma model for deep volcanic long‐period earthquakes

Deep long‐period events (DLP events) or deep low‐frequency earthquakes (deep LFEs) are deep earthquakes that radiate low‐frequency seismic waves. While tectonic deep LFEs on plate boundaries are thought to be slip events, there have only been a limited number of studies on the physical mechanism of volcanic DLP events around the Moho (crust‐mantle boundary) beneath volcanoes. One reasonable mechanism capable of producing their initial fractures is the effect of thermal stresses. Since ascending magma diapirs tend to stagnate near the Moho, where the vertical gradient of density is high, we suggest that cooling magma may play an important role in volcanic DLP event occurrence. Assuming an initial thermal perturbation of 400°C within a tabular magma of half width 41 m or a cylindrical magma of 74 m radius, thermal strain rates within the intruded magma are higher than tectonic strain rates of ~ 10−14 s−1 and produce a total strain of 2 × 10−4. Shear brittle fractures generated by the thermal strains can produce a compensated linear vector dipole mechanism as observed and potentially also explain the harmonic seismic waveforms from an excited resonance. In our model, we predict correlation between the particular shape of the cluster and the orientation of focal mechanisms, which is partly supported by observations of Aso and Ide (2014). To assess the generality of our cooling magma model as a cause for volcanic DLP events, additional work on relocations and focal mechanisms is essential and would be important to understanding the physical processes causing volcanic DLP events.
Adolescent Modeling after Luminary and Star Idols and Development of Self-efficacy

ABSTRACT In theory, modeling after the luminary idol can foster the adolescent's perception of self-efficacy. Rather than being an alienated subordinate to the idol, adolescents who model after their idols can actively develop their potential. They can benefit from modeling after luminaries who are talented and resourceful. In contrast, adoring star idols would tend to be an alienating activity that denigrates the adolescent's self-efficacy. The study investigates these expected impacts of idol worship with data from 1,641 Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Results verify the expected modeling effect after idols and particularly luminary ones. The social learning effect was stronger for males in general and adolescents in Hong Kong.
Practice Effects and Stability of Neuropsychological and UHDRS Tests Over Short Retest Intervals in Huntington Disease.

BACKGROUND In Huntington disease (HD), cognitive changes due to disease-progression or treatment are potentially confounded by "practice effects" (PE)--performance improvement from prior exposure to test materials. OBJECTIVE A practice run-in ("dual baseline") was used in an HD cognitive trial to determine if PE could be minimized and evaluate performance trajectories over multiple visits. METHODS Non-depressed adults (N = 36) with mild to moderate HD-related cognitive deficits participated in a clinical trial to examine the efficacy of citalopram to enhance cognition. Cognitive tests were administered at three visits (2 weeks separating each visit), before active treatment randomization. Some tests were also administered at screening. Therefore 3-4 pre-treatment repetitions were available. We examined test improvement using repeated-measures ANOVAs with planned pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Despite the practice run-in and use of alternate test forms, results indicated ongoing improvements over at least three test sessions on all three UHDRS cognitive tests. Trails A and B showed improvements between the third and fourth session, which suggests that one pre-baseline visit may not be effective in reducing practice on this important and commonly used test. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 7 out of 13 variables showed some degree of short-term PE, even after multiple sessions and alternate forms. Tests assessing processing speed and memory may be particularly confounded by ongoing PE across at least 2-3 sessions. Practice run-in periods and alternate forms may help minimize the impact of such effects in HD clinical trials but awareness of which tests are most susceptible to PE is important in clinical trial design.
LOW-DOSE DEXAMETHASONE AMELIORATES CIRCULATORY FAILURE AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN CONSCIOUS RATS WITH ENDOTOXEMIA

Corticosteroids have long been proposed as a therapeutic adjuvant in septic renal dysfunction because of their anti-inflammatory properties and favorable results from animal experiments. However, some reports suggested the potential for harm associated with the administration of early high-dose corticosteroids in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Thus, we examined the effects of low-dose dexamethasone (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) on hemodynamics and renal function in conscious rats with endotoxemia. Intravenous injection of rats with endotoxin (E. coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 1 mg/kg) caused hypotension, vascular hyporeactivity, and tachycardia as well as renal dysfunction. Circulatory failure and renal dysfunction caused by LPS were significantly attenuated in the dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg-treated group. The nitric oxide (NO) production in plasma and renal tissue and the iNOS protein expression in the kidney were suppressed by cotreatment of LPS rats with dexamethasone, 0.1 mg/kg. Light microscopy showed that 0.1 mg/kg dexamethasone reduced marked infiltration of neutrophils in renal tissues from LPS rats. Moreover, the survival rate at 18 h was significantly increased in the dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg-treated group when compared with the LPS group. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of low-dose dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) in conscious rats with endotoxic shock are associated with amelioration of circulatory failure and renal dysfunction, and this is attributed to inhibition of NO production.
GPS-derived tropospheric delay corrections to differential InSAR results

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques have been recognized as an ideal tool for many ground deformation monitoring applications. However, the spatially and temporally variable delay of the radar signal propagating through the atmosphere is a major limitation to accuracy. The dominant factor to be considered is the tropospheric heterogeneity, which can lead to misinterpretation of differential InSAR results. In this paper a between-site and between-epoch double-differencing algorithm for the generation of tropospheric corrections to DInSAR results based on GPS observations is proposed. In order to correct the radar results on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the GPS-derived corrections have to be interpolated. Using experimental data it has been found that the inverse distance weighted and kriging interpolation methods are more suitable than the spline interpolation method. Differential corrections as large as several centimeters may have to be applied in order to ensure sub-centimeter accuracy for the DInSAR result. The algorithm and procedures described in this paper could easily be implemented in a CGPS data network center. The gridded between-site, single-differenced tropospheric delay values can be derived as a routine product to assist radar interferometry.
Velar movements i An articulatory and acoustical an

voiced articu subjec This study deals with the effects of spatial and contextual coarticulation on the velar position in vowels and consonants, and on the associated acoustic outputs. We present first an articulatory analysis of velar movements for consonants and vowels recorded for a French male subject uttering a corpus of VCV sequences. The velum in nasal consonants appears to be surprisingly high in comparison with nasal vowels. Moreover, a clear overlap between the ranges of velum height for oral vowels and nasal consonants was found. A strong carryover effect was observed for vowels at the articulatory level, though this did not systematically result in significant effects on the acoustic spectral peaks. Anticipatory velar movements were never observed. Articu record electr attach juncti extrem region velum displa (note horizo plane) 500 H The a velum conso