Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Narrow Ridge  $\lambda \approx 3$ - $\mu \text{m}$  Cascade Diode Lasers With Output Power Above 100 mW at Room Temperature

Shallow narrow ridge two-stage cascade GaSb-based type-I quantum well diode lasers emitting at λ ≈ 3 μm were designed and fabricated. Efficient carrier recycling improved the device power conversion and slope efficiencies as compared with the standard multiple quantum well diode lasers. Devices generated more than 100 mW of continuous-wave output power in nearly diffraction limited beam at room temperature. Studies of the current dependence of the modal gain spectra confirmed increased tendency to lateral current spreading in cascade laser heterostructures as compared with the regular diode lasers.
Perspective-Taking in Middle-School Mathematical Modelling: A Teacher Case Study

Traditional word problems have not fulfilled the goal of mathematical sense-making for many students. Some studies have shown that authentic contexts, such as model-eliciting tasks, have the potential to engage students in making sense of realistic situations. However, there has been little research on the kinds of knowledge needed by teachers to support this type of student learning activity. In this paper, we report on the results of a case study that investigated the ways in which teachers respond to students' thinking while engaged in a model-eliciting task in data analysis. We describe how one teacher used perspective-taking to initially engage students with the task, to explain and justify their models, to assess the quality of their models, and to make connections to other mathematical ideas.
An optimal combination of a hydrological model and PSI to estimate land subsidence driven by piezometric level changes

In this work a novel methodology for the estimation of land subsidence is proposed. PSI methods assume an almost linear behavior which may not fit well in particular scenarios, for instance those induced by piezometric level changes. In order to overcome some limitations of the classical methods, in this study we analyze the ability of a dynamic approach in such a context. In particular, the approach is based on the combination of a hydrological model and InSAR PSI data to describe the subsidence as a process of a dynamic system. A simple subsidence model related to piezometric level changes is employed to derive the methodology. The estimation process is conducted by a Kalman Filter. The evaluation over simulated and real data shows the capabilities of this approach.
Analysis of the Iberian electricity forward market hedging efficiency

An assessment of the hedging performance in the Iberian forward electricity market is performed. Aggregated data from the Portuguese and Spanish clearing houses for energy derivatives are considered. The hedging performance is measured through a net position ratio obtained from the final open interest of a month derivatives contract divided by its accumulated cleared volume. The base load futures in the Iberian energy derivatives exchange show the lowest ratios due to good liquidity. The peak futures show bigger ratios as their reduced liquidity is produced by auctions fixed by Portuguese regulation. The base load swaps settled in the clearing house located in Spain show initially large values due to low registered volumes, as this clearing house is mainly used for short maturity (daily and weekly swaps). This ratio can be a powerful oversight tool for energy regulators when accessing to all the derivatives transactions as envisaged by European regulation.
Sodium Restriction in Hypertensive Patients Treated With a Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and a Thiazide

When the function of the renin system is inhibited, blood pressure becomes more dependent on changes in sodium and water balance. Diuretics alone and sodium restriction alone are additive to converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. However, it is not known if these two ways of reducing sodium balance are additive in the presence of established converting enzyme inhibition. We therefore performed a double-blind crossover study of the effects of moderate sodium restriction in 21 patients with essential hypertension who were already being treated with the combination of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic. After 1 month of captopril (50 mg twice daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily) therapy, with their usual sodium intake, average supine blood pressure was 147/96 ± 5/3 (SEM) mm Hg 2 hours after treatment Patients then reduced their sodium intake to around 80-100 mmol/day for the remainder of the study. After 2 weeks of sodium restriction, they entered a double-blind, randomized, crossover study of Slow Sodium (100 mmol sodium/day) compared with Slow Sodium placebo, while continuing sodium restriction and the above treatment. During the double-blind study, after 1 month of treatment with captopril (50 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily), and Slow Sodium placebo, supine blood pressure 2 hours after treatment was 138/88 ±4/2 mm Hg (24-hour urinary sodium 104±ll mmol). After 1 month of captopril (50 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily), and Slow Sodium tablets, supine blood pressure 2 hours after treatment was 147/91 ±5/2 mm Hg (p<0.05; 24-hour urinary sodium 195 ±14 mmol). Mean supine blood pressure fell with moderate sodium restriction by 5±2% at 2 hours and 7 ±2% at 12 hours after treatment with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. The decrease in blood pressure was significantly correlated with the reduction in sodium intake. These results clearly demonstrate that a moderate reduction in salt intake does have a further blood pressure-lowering effect in patients already treated with the combination of captopril and a diuretic. This moderate change in diet provides an effective and well-tolerated way to improve blood pressure control in patients treated with the combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic
How Endothelial Cells Adapt Their Metabolism to Form Vessels in Tumors

Endothelial cells (ECs) line blood vessels, i.e., vital conduits for oxygen and nutrient delivery to distant tissues. While mostly present as quiescent “phalanx” cells throughout adult life, ECs can rapidly switch to a migratory “tip” cell and a proliferative “stalk” cell, and sprout into avascular tissue to form new blood vessels. The angiogenic switch has long been considered to be primarily orchestrated by the activity of angiogenic molecules. However, recent evidence illustrates an instrumental role of cellular metabolism in vessel sprouting, whereby ECs require specific metabolic adaptations to grow. Here, we overview the emerging picture that tip, stalk, and phalanx cells have distinct metabolic signatures and discuss how these signatures can become deregulated in pathological conditions, such as in cancer.
Shark Repellents and Managerial Myopia: An Empirical Test

Since the proxy fights of the 1950s, commentators have debated the welfare implications of corporate takeovers. Although observers such as Manne (1965), Jensen and Meckling (1976), Fama (1980), and Jensen and Ruback (1983) argue that the market for corporate control promotes efficiency and enhances wealth, some critics, such as managers of firms subject to hostile takeover attempts, contend that takeovers destroy firm value. The critics frequently assert that takeover pressure forces managers to sacrifice profitable, but slowyielding, long-term investments in favor of less productive short-term investments that offer immediate returns. While the evidence supporting takeover-induced shortsightedness is largely anecdotal, a recent paper by Stein (1988) develops a formal
FINDINGS OF PRICING-TO-MARKET: MARKET SEGMENTATION OR PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION?

Pricing to market (PTM) has been examined extensively in the recent trade literature using Knetter's (1989) model. The technique is typically applied using export unit values that aggregate differentiated products. We examine the potential bias in PTM results when using export unit values using a vertical differentiation model. We find that: i) false evidence of PTM ("pseudo PTM") is always found due to aggregation when calculating export unit values, whether the law of one price (LOP) holds or not; ii)when markets are segmented, the fraction of pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation. Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient, even when there is no real PTM; ii) the significance of the estimate increases with product differentiation.
Temporal Evolution of Entity Relatedness using Wikipedia and DBpedia

Entity relatedness is a task that is required in many applications such as entity disambiguation and clustering. Although there are many works on entity relatedness, most of them do not consider temporal aspects and thus, it is unclear how entity relatedness changes over time. This paper attempts to address this gap by showing how entity relatedness develops over time with graph-based approaches using Wikipedia and DBpedia as well as how transient links and stable links, by which is meant links that do not persist over different times and links that persist over time respectively, affect the relatedness of the entities. We show that different versions of the knowledge base at different times give different accuracy on the KORE dataset, and show how using multiple versions of the knowledge base through time can increase the accuracy of entity relatedness over a version of the knowledge graph from a single time point.
Cys18-Cys137 Disulfide Bond in Mouse Angiotensinogen Does Not Affect AngII-Dependent Functions In Vivo

Renin cleavage of angiotensinogen (AGT) releases angiotensin I (AngI) in the initial step of producing all angiotensin peptides. It has been suggested recently that redox regulation of a disulfide bond in AGT involving Cys18-Cys137 may be important to its renin cleavage efficiency in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test this prediction in a mouse model by comparing AngII production and AngII-dependent functions in mice expressing wild-type AGT versus a mutated form of AGT lacking the disulfide bond. Wild-type (hepAGT+/+) and hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient (hepAGT−/−) littermates were developed in an low-density lipoprotein receptor −/− background. hepAGT+/+ mice were injected intraperitoneally with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing a null insert. hepAGT−/− mice were injected with AAV containing a null insert, wild-type AGT or Cys18Ser and Cys137Ser mutated AGT. Two weeks after AAV injection, mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Administration of AAV containing either form of AGT led to similar plasma AGT concentrations in hepAGT−/− mice. High plasma renin concentrations in hepAGT−/− mice were suppressed equally by both forms of AGT, which were accompanied by comparable increases of plasma AngII concentrations similar to hepAGT+/+ mice. AAV-driven expression of both forms of AGT led to equivalent increases of systolic blood pressure and augmentation of atherosclerotic lesion size in hepAGT−/− mice. These measurements were comparable to systolic blood pressure and atherosclerotic lesions in hepAGT+/+ mice. These data indicate that the Cys18-Cys137 disulfide bond in AGT is dispensable for AngII production and AngII-dependent functions in mice.
Getting the Most Out of Macroeconomic Information for Predicting Stock Returns and Volatility

This paper documents that factors extracted from a large set of macroeconomic variables bear useful information for predicting monthly US excess stock returns and volatility over the period 1980-2005. Factor-augmented predictive regression models improve upon both benchmark models that only include valuation ratios and interest rate related variables, and possibly individual macro variables, as well as the historical average excess return. The improvements in out-of-sample forecast accuracy are both statistically and economically significant. The factor-augmented predictive regressions have superior market timing ability and volatility timing ability, while a mean-variance investor would be willing to pay an annual performance fee of several hundreds of basis points to switch from the predictions offered by the benchmark models to those of the factor-augmented models. An important reason for the superior performance of the factor-augmented predictive regressions is the stability of their forecast accuracy, whereas the benchmark models suffer from a forecast breakdown during the 1990s.
Market Manipulation, Bubbles, Corners, and Short Squeezes

Abstract This paper investigates market manipulation trading strategies by large traders in a securities market. A large trader is defined as any investor whose trades change prices. A market manipulation trading strategy is one that generates positive real wealth with no risk. Market manipulation trading strategies are shown to exist under reasonable hypotheses on the equilibrium price process. Sufficient conditions for their nonexistence are also provided.
Do CEOs shape the process of making strategic decisions? Evidence from Greece

Purpose – Seeks to investigate the extent to which CEOs shape the process of making strategic decisions (SDs). Despite the significant research interest in this topic, knowledge is still incomplete.Design/methodology/approach – Using evidence from a sample of 107 SDs, studied in Greece, the present paper explores the influence of CEO personality and demographic characteristics on the process of making SDs. A number of environmental and internal organisational variables are used as control variables measuring the broader context.Findings – The results suggest that the broader context is on average more influential than the CEO. However, the CEO's demographic characteristics appear to influence several process characteristics (i.e. rationality, hierarchical decentralisation and politicisation). CEO personality characteristics do not appear to have any significant influence on the process.Research limitations/implications – This paper focuses on only a few personality and demographic characteristics. The use.
Housewives of Tokyo versus the Gnomes of Zurich: Measuring Price Discovery in Sequential Markets

This paper presents two methods to measure market-specific contributions to price discovery in non-overlapping sequential markets: one is a non-parametric approach using high-frequency data and the other is a structural VAR model based on open-to-close returns. The methods complement the existing methodologies for comparing price discovery in parallel markets. Using these methods, we estimate the information shares of four sequential markets for the trading of AUD, JPY, EUR, and GBP against USD over an eight-year period. We find that price discovery in the foreign exchange markets are still dominated by Europe and the United States, particularly the London-New York overlapping trading hours. Asia is losing information shares to Europe in the trading of AUD and JPY. The significance of the "housewives of Tokyo" in currency trading may have been overstated.
The Internet as an Emerging Patient Education Tool Among African American Men With Prostate Cancer: An Exploratory Study

The lives of African American men with prostate cancer are greatly influenced by the information available to them, some of which is accessed on the Internet. Research indicates that the Internet can enhance consumer health knowledge but has not reached socioeconomic groups at highest risk for health disparities, such as African American men with prostate cancer. In this study, focus groups were used to explore the perceptions and uses of the Internet as a patient education tool among 39 African American men aged 39 years and older with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Nineteen (49%) participants reported using the Internet, 15 (38%) reported no use but indicated it was used on their behalf, and 5 (13%) reported no use and no use on their behalf. The findings revealed varying degrees of Internet use for information and social support. Prostate cancer diagnosis, poor patient—doctor communications, and accessibility influenced Internet use. Accessibility related more to lack of ease and familiarity with Internet use than lack of computer access. With training and awareness, the Internet has potential as a patient education tool among African American men with prostate cancer.
Experimental research and multivariate statistical analyses in business information systems research - a meta-review

Experimental research has been widely used within the information systems IS field. Using a meta-review, this study examines the use of experimental research in the IS field during the period 1990 to 2013 and investigates the utilisation of statistical techniques, particularly multivariate analyses. This study provides important information regarding the pattern of experimental research in the IS field i.e., experimental designs, treatments, tasks, incentives and participants. This study finds that multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA is frequently used as the multivariate statistical technique in experimental IS research. While the use of multivariate analyses is common in recent experimental IS research, concerns remain about the potential inappropriate use of measurements and violations of statistical assumptions required by the various multivariate analyses, for example, using ordinal scales rather than interval scales and issues surrounding the normality of data. This article is intended to offer guidelines to help future researchers be aware of the statistical issues and to mitigate the shortcomings that arise due to inappropriate use of measurements and violations of the statistical assumptions in experimental IS research.
Brussel A Delay Locked Loop for Instantaneous Time-Of-Flight Sensing based on a CMOS Demodulation

A Delay-Locked Loop (DLL) is presented that can track the phase of a continuous-wave modulated light signal. Using it in a time-of-flight set-up allows tracking of an object’s distance in a fast and reliable way. The CMOS detector is built around a current-assisted photonic demodulator (CAPD) with an additional common-mode feedback (CMFB) avoiding detector saturation. The DLL control loop is implemented in an external FPGA, enabling flexibility and tuning of the control parameters. The system is a good candidate for industrial time-of-flight applications, where reaction time is important and outliers are unwanted. This novel DLL implementation has a phase noise below 1° and a settling time of 1 ms at a modulation frequency of 20 MHz. Keywords— Current-Assisted Photonic Demodulator, Delay Locked Loops, Photonic Demodulation, Optical Detectors, TimeOf-Flight Imaging
Copy Number Variants in Premature Ovarian Failure and Ovarian Dysgenesis

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with amenorrhea and high serum gonadotropins in women of less than 40 years. Ovarian dysgenesis (OD) which is characterised by the loss of follicles before puberty describes the most severe POF outcome. Although a multitude of different factors including non-genetic as well as genetic causes are known to play a role in the development of POF and OD, the underlying etiology remains unsolved in the majority of cases. In the last years, array-CGH was found to be a very useful tool in the identification of candidate genes in different conditions. Therefore, we performed array-CGH analysis by using high-resolution Agilent oligonucleotide arrays in a total of 74 POF and OD patients and identified 44 private losses and gains potentially causative for POF. It is striking to note that a lot of the genes involved in these rearrangements can be classified in (i) genes involved in meiosis (e.g. PLCB1, RB1CC1, MAP4K4), (ii) genes involved in DNA repair (e.g. RBBP8) and (iii) genes involved in folliculogenesis or male fertility in homologs of model organisms (e.g. IMMP2L, FER1L6, MEIG1).
Fiscal Policy in an Endogenous Growth Model

In a neoclassical growth model, it is possible to make a case for public debt, because a balanced growth path may be dynamically inefficient. This paper shows that this possibility no longer holds in an endogenous growth model with constant external returns to capital. It is shown that an increase in public debt reduces the growth rate, so there always exists a future generation that will be harmed, and that a reduction in public debt, although it increases the growth rate, cannot be Pareto-improving: one current generation must be harmed.
Endogenous Extreme Events and the Dual Role of Prices

Extreme events in financial markets are often generated by shocks that come from within the system, rather than those that arrive from outside the system. The combination of risk-sensitive behavior rules and the coordinated actions implied by market-to-market accounting can result in outcome distributions with fat tails, even if the fundamental shocks are Gaussian. We illustrate such endogenous extreme events through the pricing density resulting from dynamic hedging of options and the flash crash of May 2010.
Principles and Applications of Economic Geography: Economy, Policy, Environment

Introduction to the Study of Economics Geography. Location Principles and Land Use. Global Patterns of Agricultural Land Use. Land-Use Transition, Conflict, and Control. Resource Use: Population, Technology, and Accessibility. Transportation and Spatial Interaction. The Location of Manufacturing. The Location of Services. Urban and Regional Economic Growth. International Trade: Patterns and Management. Economic Growth and Development: National Patterns and Processes. Geographic Perspectives on Sustainable Economic Growth and Development. Glossary. Index.
The tug of war over the status of Jerusalem: Leaders, strategies and outcomes

This analysis of the Middle East negotiations on Jerusalem has two purposes. First it forecasts and analyzes the potential settlement over the future status of Jerusalem. Second it uses this issue to examine whether political leadership or coalitional structures play the major role in determining political outcomes. The analyses conclude that coalitional politics have a significant impact on the nature and stability of negotiated outcomes, while political leadership plays only a minor role. Specifically, under Rabin and Peres, a stable arrangement over Jerusalem's future was expected. Jerusalem would remain under Israeli control, and this with the agreement of Arafat and the Palestinian National Authority. Under Netanyahu, Israel continues to control Jerusalem, but now with the bitter opposition of all Palestinian forces. Indeed, the analysis shows that even after Netanyahu and other key Israeli actors become willing to make dramatic concessions, no peaceful settlement over the city's future remains possible.
The prevalence of coeliac disease in Libyan children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diagnosis of atypical and silent forms of coeliac disease (CD) is important because of its serious complications. Increased prevalence of coeliac disease worldwide in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) was described. There are no data on the prevalence of CD in the Libyan population and Libyan DM patients. The aim of this study was to test the occurrence of CD‐related markers in a group of Libyan children with DM.