Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leverage cache replacement policy in multicore processors

Computer hardware is currently moving towards heavily parallelized architectures with multiprocessors, multicore and chip multithreaded designs. Cache memory, the fastest component of the memory hierarchy, adapts to this new kind of parallel systems in order to provide the promised performance increase. Current cache designs have limitations that can be transformed into optimization opportunities both in hardware and software. This paper provides a detailed research of cache performance in multicore processors, considering critical hardware aspects. A new solution is proposed to improve the current performance: an optimized replacement policy for the shared cache level. From experiments run on four and eight core setups in a multicore simulator, the proposed enhancements achieve up to 30% execution speed increase over the default setup.
Community resilience and communication: dynamic interconnections between and among individuals, families, and organizations

Community resilience represents a community’s capacity to ‘bounce forward’ following an adverse event such as a disaster or crisis (Houston, 2015, p. 176). The bouncing portion of this resilience metaphor represents a return to a pre-crisis baseline level on one or more measures (e.g. well-being, functioning) following a temporary disruption in those variables caused by the adverse event. The forward component of the resilience metaphor represents the passing of time that occurs and is necessary for the return to baseline. The forward element also captures the reality that the return to baseline is not simply a return to how things were before the event, as it includes adjustments to a new reality that has been shaped by the event. Community resilience is exhibited by adaptation following an event, but resilient communities are also able to anticipate and plan for events before they occur (Brand & Jax, 2007). While the idea of community resilience draws on the same physical metaphor as other conceptualizations of human resilience (Norris, Stevens, Pfefferbaum, Wyche, & Pfefferbaum, 2007), community resilience is specifically a collective activity focused on adaptation at the community level (Pfefferbaum & Klomp, 2013). A community may be more likely to be resilient if it is constituted of resilient organizations, families, and individuals, but ultimately a community’s resilience is dependent upon dynamic and robust interconnections within and between each of those levels (Acosta, Chandra, & Madrigano, 2017). Therefore, a resilient community is not simply a grouping of resilient individuals or organizations, but is a collection of people and groups who are able to interact successfully to facilitate adaption of the whole. Different models of community resilience emphasize various adaptive capacities that contribute to collective recovery following a challenge (Norris et al., 2007, p. 127). For example, Norris et al.’s (2007) community resilience model emphasizes the capacities of information and communication, community competence, social capital, and economic development. Pfefferbaum, Pfefferbaum, Nitiéma, Houston, and Van Horn (2015) propose community resilience domains of connection and caring, resources, transformative potential, disaster management, and information and communication. Ultimately, because of the collective nature of community resilience, communication is a core concept that is both identified within these models and cuts across other components of the models (Houston, Spialek, Cox, Greenwood, & First, 2015).
CONTRIBUTION OF LASER SCANNING , PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND GIS TO AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAM ON THE HISTORY OF MINING ACTIVITIES ( SFB HIMAT )

Mining plays a very important role in the history of man. From the very beginning man's development has been accompanied by the extraction, processing and utilization of mineral substances. In the past, mining often exerted influence on economic, social, legal and cultural structures within society. The technological aspect must be emphasized as well, for the technical achievements in mining and metallurgy in combination with a far-reaching technology transfer were always an innovative and driving force a motor of progress that has decisively influenced and furthered the development of a modem industrial society. The mining boom of the 15th/16th century in the Tyrol repeated a sequence which had already occurred with similar intensity and far-reaching consequences many centuries before. During the Bronze Age, between 2200 and 800 B.C., dynamic changes took place in the fields of mining and metallurgy in connection with alpine copper ore exploitation driven by the eager demand for crude copper on the newly established European metal market for bronze production. The all-time peak of copper mining was achieved with the formation of "early industrial" production structures in the Middle and Late Bronze Age. Alongside numerous further mining centers in the eastern and southern Alps the Tyrolean region still played a significant role. The existence of excellent preliminary studies of the historic mining activities in Schwaz conducted at the University of Innsbruck presents ideal prerequisites for researching the above-mentioned epochs from the Neolithic to the early Mediaeval Times, from which hardly anything is known. This article describes the cooperation of different scientific fields on this item and especially the role of surveying and geoinformation to integrate and support all these groups in their work to achieve that focused goal. Fig.1: Miners during work (detail from Georgius Agricola’s book “De re metallica libri XII”, Basel, 1556) XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October, Athens, Greece
Moral elevation and compassionate goals predict posttraumatic growth in the context of a college shooting

Abstract After a mass shooting, community members may experience not only distress, but also feeling uplifted or morally elevated by others’ prosocial responses to the trauma. Those experiencing elevation may be more likely to strive to support others (compassionate goals) and to endorse posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, the role of elevation in PTG, and the relative contribution of compassionate goals (both from and toward others), remains unknown. Students, faculty, and staff (N = 385) completed measures four months after a campus shooting, and a subset repeated measures at eight months (n = 82). As expected, compassionate goals toward others incrementally predicted higher PTG beyond perceptions of compassionate goals from others. Also, elevation concurrently and prospectively predicted higher PTG. Lastly, elevation mediated effects of others’ compassionate goals on PTG, as hypothesized (95% CI = 2.59 to 5.43). These findings have implications for understanding the social and emotional processes that facilitate PTG.
Sodium-Assisted Formation of Binding and Traverse Conformations of the Substrate in a Neurotransmitter Sodium Symporter Model

Therapeutics designed to increase synaptic neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting neurotransmitter sodium symporters (NSSs) classify a strategic approach to treat brain disorders such as depression or epilepsy, however, the critical elementary steps that couple downhill flux of sodium to uphill transport of neurotransmitter are not distinguished as yet. Here we present modelling of NSS member neuronal GAT1 with the substrate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABA binding is simulated with the occluded conformation of GAT1 homodimer in an explicit lipid/water environment. Simulations performed in the 1-10 ns range of time elucidated persistent formation of half-extended minor and H-bridged major GABA conformations, referred to as binding and traverse conformations, respectively. The traverse GABA conformation was further stabilized by GAT1-bound Na+(1). We also observed Na+(1) translocation to GAT1-bound Cl- as well as the appearance of water molecules at GABA and GAT1-bound Na+(2), conjecturing causality. Scaling dynamics suggest that the traverse GABA conformation may be valid for developing substrate inhibitors with high efficacy. The potential for this finding is significant with impact not only in pharmacology but wherever understanding of the mechanism of neurotransmitter uptake is valuable.
Genome Sequences of the Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii Type Strain and Two Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis Strains

ABSTRACT We present the complete genomes of Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii WSLC 3010 (ATCC 19119T), Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis WSLC 30151 (SLCC 8854), and Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis WSLC 30167 (SLCC 6032), representing the type strain of the species and two strains of the same serovar but different properties, respectively.
Selective Encryption and Watermarking of MPEG Video (Extended Abstract)

MPEG (ISO Moving Picture Expert Group) is a compression standard for video processing and is widely used inmultimedia application, e.g. VOD (video on demand), HDTV (High Definition Television), and DVD (Digital Video Disk). Confidentiality [MS95, AG96] and Copyright protection [HG96] are two security-related issues that have recently brought many attentions, especially when the MPEG streams are transmitted over the public Internet. In this paper, we present a research prototype which integrates selective encryption schemes with watermarking techniques in one system. In particular, we propose a simple and efficient scheme to securely distributewatermarkedMPEG video streams over multicast/broadcast channels. We have experimented 7 different selective encryption schemes and one selective watermarking scheme on three well-known MPEG streams: Bus, Flower, andMiss America. Our result indicates that, for applications like video-on-demand or pay-per-view, we can selectively encrypt (< 1%) of the total MPEG stream, and (<3.7%) for each individual frame in the worst case. submitted to International Conference on Image Science, Systems, and Technology, CISST’97. ySupported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Air Force Rome Laboratory under contract F30602-96-C0325, and in part by the Center for Advance Communication and Computing under grant FAS #5-30183.
Population Structure and Inbreeding From Pedigree Analysis of Purebred Dogs

Dogs are of increasing interest as models for human diseases, and many canine population-association studies are beginning to emerge. The choice of breeds for such studies should be informed by a knowledge of factors such as inbreeding, genetic diversity, and population structure, which are likely to depend on breed-specific selective breeding patterns. To address the lack of such studies we have exploited one of the world's most extensive resources for canine population-genetics studies: the United Kingdom (UK) Kennel Club registration database. We chose 10 representative breeds and analyzed their pedigrees since electronic records were established around 1970, corresponding to about eight generations before present. We find extremely inbred dogs in each breed except the greyhound and estimate an inbreeding effective population size between 40 and 80 for all but 2 breeds. For all but 3 breeds, >90% of unique genetic variants are lost over six generations, indicating a dramatic effect of breeding patterns on genetic diversity. We introduce a novel index Ψ for measuring population structure directly from the pedigree and use it to identify subpopulations in several breeds. As well as informing the design of canine population genetics studies, our results have implications for breeding practices to enhance canine welfare.
Modular SDN Compiler Design with Intermediate Representation

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is evolving to such a phase that multiple programming languages and rule specifications coexist. However, current SDN compilers are closely bound to both languages and rules, thus disable the interoperability and compatibility of SDN programs. To solve this problem, we propose to modularize the SDN compiler by leveraging intermediate representation (IR), a common technique for computer compiler design. Specifically, we introduce Semantic Rule (SR) as the first IR for SDN compilers, which is a simple, language-independent, and semantic-preserving representation. We develop two optimizations on the semantic rule to coordinate cross-language programs in a single network and compress the number of compiled rules. We implement a modular compiler prototype with the proposed SR, and demonstrate that RYU programs can run at both OpenFlow and POF network. With synthetic network configurations, we demonstrate that the optimizations on SRs are effective, efficient and scalable.
Morphine‐induced macrophage apoptosis: oxidative stress and strategies for modulation

Occurrence of macrophage apoptosis has been implicated for the altered immune function found in an opiate milieu. In the present study, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress in morphine‐induced macrophage apoptosis. Morphine promoted the apoptosis of macrophages. This effect of morphine was associated with the production of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). Antioxidants provided protection against morphine‐induced macrophage injury. In addition, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, attenuated the proapoptotic effect of morphine. Antitransforming growth factor‐β (anti‐TGF‐β) antibody and propranolol (an inhibitor of the phospholipase D pathway) inhibited morphine‐induced superoxide generation as well as apoptosis. N′‐Tetraacetic acid tetra (acetoxymethyl) ester, a calcium‐chelating agent, inhibited morphine‐induced apoptosis, whereas thapsigargin (a calcium agonist) stimulated macrophage apoptosis under basal as well as morphine‐stimulated states. These studies suggest that morphine‐induced macrophage apoptosis is mediated through downstream signaling involving TGF‐β and NO production. Moreover, there is NADPH oxidation activation involving phospholipase D and Ca2+, leading to the generation of superoxide. In in vivo studies, administration of N‐acetyl cysteine and preinduction of heme oxygenase activity and epoetin α prevented morphine‐induced peritoneal macrophage apoptosis, thus further confirming the role of oxidative stress in morphine‐induced macrophage apoptosis.
Socio-Politically Relevant Pedagogy for Immigrant and Refugee Youth

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors discuss how one public high school became a site for socio-politically relevant pedagogy for immigrant and refugee youth, building on the concept of culturally relevant pedagogy that has been discussed in educational scholarship (Howard, 2001, 2003; Ladson-Billings, 1994, 1995a, 1995b). By exploring newcomer youth's understandings of their experiences, self-conceptions, and positioning in the global economy, the authors draw on a three-year qualitative case study utilizing ethnographic methods to highlight the key tenets of a socio-politically relevant pedagogy for youth who lead transnational lives. The key tenets proposed include: (1) the cultivation of critical consciousness around global inequalities and transnational migration; (2) the creation of formal and informal avenues for reciprocal learning between families/communities and schools; and (3) support and care for the material conditions of students' and families' lives.
Potential and limitations of COSMO Sky-Med and other SAR data for monitoring and detection of slow moving landslides

The persistent scatterer (PS) technique as advanced interferometric analysis allows for exploitation of SAR datasets to support the detection and monitoring of small displacements over long periods and large areas. When applying this methodology in steep mountainous terrain for slow surface movements various constraints need to be dealt with. This paper contributes to feasibility assessments concerning the operational use of PSInSAR technique for monitoring slow moving landslides as well as for the improvement and update of regional landslide inventories in alpine areas. Solutions for overcoming some of the main constraints are proposed. The results are based on the work implemented by EURAC within the scope of the projects LAWINA financed by the Italian Space Agency and the GMES Fast Track Service SAFER. The work has been carried out in close cooperation with the Office for Geology and Building Materials testing of the Province of Bolzano
Enhancing Creativity or Wasting Time?: The Mediating Role of Adaptability on Social Media-Job Performance Relationship

Social Media have been gaining in popularity worldwide over the last years at an increasingly grow in grate. Meanwhile, social media have penetrated in the workplace, affecting employees’ work in many aspects. This paper aims to investigate the potential of social media on employees’ job performance, and the underlying mechanism for how social media influence employees’ job performance. In this paper, we propose that social media have positive effects on knowledge sharing and network ties, while the latter will contribute to better adaption to the network changes according to adaptive performance theory. In addition, a high level adaptability ensures that employees perform better in their work. However, empirical work is required to validate the proposed models, to this end, some empirical study plans are designed to collect subjective datasets. For the subjective data, surveys are scheduled among employees working in large IT companies. Expected theoretical and practical contribution of this study is discussed.
Molecular Jets and H2O Masers in the AFGL 5142 Hot Core

We present centimeter and millimeter continuum and molecular line images of the massive star-forming region AFGL 5142. A compact (2.″5) millimeter continuum core with integrated flux density of 125 mJy has been detected at 88 GHz. The emission peak coincides with a 1.5 mJy centimeter continuum source. A massive (∼35 M☉) highly collimated north-south outflow emanating from the core is seen in both the HCO+ (1–0) and SiO (v = 0, J = 2–1) transitions. The millimeter continuum source coincides with a molecular core traced by the ambient velocity HCO+ (1–0), SiO (v = 0, J = 2–1), and H13CO+ (1–0) emission. CH3CN (14–13) and (12–11) spectra indicate a gas temperature of approximately 65 K in the innermost core. While the millimeter continuum emission is probably mostly due to optically thin thermal emission from dust grains, the centimeter continuum source is consistent with an ionized wind. From the Lyman continuum flux required to sustain the ionized gas, we estimate that the exciting source should be a B2 or earlier zero-age main-sequence star. The 22 GHz H2O masers most closely associated with the central object have undergone substantial variability in flux and position during three epochs spread over eight years. In addition, two new water maser features have been detected significantly offset (3″–4″, 0.03 pc) from the centimeter continuum peak position. One of these maser features exhibits a linear structure of spots with spatial-kinematic evidence for a rotating circumstellar disk of radius 40 AU and dynamical mass of ≈1 M☉. The other is found to be associated with a near-infrared source with large infrared excess. In addition to the 28 embedded stars previously seen in infrared images, we conclude that this cluster is concurrently forming both low- and high-mass stars.
An adaptive Kalman filtering approach to induction machine stator winding temperature estimation based on a hybrid thermal model

The stator winding temperature of an induction machine is estimated from either a thermal model-based or an induction machine parameter-based temperature estimator. The thermal model-based temperature estimator is simple and robust, but it is usually incapable of giving an accurate temperature estimate tailored to a specific motor's thermal capacity. The induction machine parameter-based temperature estimator is accurate and machine-dependent, but it is often too sensitive to the machine's parametric changes. For small to medium size mains-fed induction machines with TEFC design, a hybrid thermal model is proposed to unify these two temperature estimators. Based on this hybrid thermal model, an adaptive Kalman filter is then formulated to track the stator winding temperature with increased accuracy and robustness. Noise identification and input estimation techniques are used in the Kalman filter to obtain an optimal estimate of the stator winding temperature. The experimental results are given to validate the proposed scheme. The overall algorithm provides efficient and accurate tracking of the stator winding temperature, ensures safe and reliable motor operation and avoids nuisance overload trips, all without using any real temperature sensors.
Lorentzian based iterative hard thresholding for compressed sensing

In this paper we propose a robust iterative hard thresholding (IHT) algorithm for reconstructing sparse signals in the presence of impulsive noise. To address this problem, we use a Lorentzian cost function instead of the L2 cost function employed by the traditional IHT algorithm. The derived algorithm is comparable in computational load to the least squares based IHT. Analysis of the proposed method demonstrates its robustness under heavy-tailed models. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperform commonly employed sparse reconstruction techniques in impulsive environments, while providing comparable reconstruction quality in less demanding, light-tailed environments.
Machine learning approach to automatic exudate detection in retinal images from diabetic patients

Exudates are among the preliminary signs of diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients. Early detection of exudates could improve patients’ chances to avoid blindness. In this paper, we present a series of experiments on feature selection and exudates classification using naive Bayes and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. We first fit the naive Bayes model to a training set consisting of 15 features extracted from each of 115,867 positive examples of exudate pixels and an equal number of negative examples. We then perform feature selection on the naive Bayes model, repeatedly removing features from the classifier, one by one, until classification performance stops improving. To find the best SVM, we begin with the best feature set from the naive Bayes classifier, and repeatedly add the previously-removed features to the classifier. For each combination of features, we perform a grid search to determine the best combination of hyperparameters ν (tolerance for training errors) and γ (radial basis function width). We compare the best naive Bayes and SVM classifiers to a baseline nearest neighbour (NN) classifier using the best feature sets from both classifiers. We find that the naive Bayes and SVM classifiers perform better than the NN classifier. The overall best sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy are 92.28%, 98.52%, 53.05%, and 98.41%, respectively.
Compensation-based control for lossy communication networks

In this paper we are concerned with the stability analysis and the design of stabilizing compensation-based control algorithms for networked control systems (NCSs) that exhibit packet dropouts. We propose a new type of model-based dropout compensator, which depends on the local dropout history, and we provide LMI-based conditions for their synthesis. The analysis and design framework includes stochastic models to describe the packet dropout behavior in both the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channel. Via examples we demonstrate the significantly improved robustness with respect to packet dropouts using the proposed dropout compensator, compared to using the zero strategy and the hold strategy.