Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new algorithm for background extraction under video surveillance

Path motion object detection based on video is a fundamental part of intelligent transportation systems, In the aspect of background extraction, this paper compared all existing theories and algorithms, aimed at specific objects (city expressways or high-speed Road), and combined with the virtual loop set method. This paper proposed an extraction and updating algorithm based on the sub-segmentations of invariant background, which greatly increased the time efficiency of the background extraction. It achieved great results of accuracy and real-time of this algorithm under background extraction.
Cardiovascular, thermal and behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine in freely moving rats.

Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and locomotive activity (LA) were measured simultaneously after i.p. or i.c. v. injection of methamphetamine (MAH) using a biotelemetric system. The system enabled us to observe the parameters in freely moving rats under minimum stress. MAH (1 mg/kg) given by i.p. injection significantly increased MAP, HR, BT and LA, as compared with the saline-control. MAH (5, 50 micrograms) administered by i.c. v. injection stimulated responses of HR, BT and LA. After the i.p. injections of MAH (1 mg/kg) on days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 15, MAH was administered either through i.p. (1 mg/kg) or i.c. v. (50 micrograms) route on day 18. In addition to the LA sensitization induced by i.p. and i.c. v. administration of MAH, it was found for the first time, to our knowledge, that the repeated i.p. injections potentiated the responses of MAP and BT to the subsequent injection of MAH through i.p., but not i.c. v. , route. The latter finding suggests that the sensitization, produced by the repeated i.p. injections, affected responses that MAH induced either peripherally or centrally through a peripheral humoral factor or an afferent nervous system.
Macro- and micro-scale 3D gaze tracking in the operating theatre

By approaching the eyes as the only visible part of the brain, we can consider them not just in the conventional sense as receptors of visual stimuli, but also as perceptionand cognition-rich actors within the operating theatre. Using eye-tracking, several concepts have been developed for harnessing the power of the human visual system [1], for assessment of expertise [2], for objective measurement of surgical skills and for training [3]. In robotic [4] and laparoscopic [5] surgical settings, screen-based collaborative eye-tracking of multiple collaborators was shown to significantly improve verbal and non-verbal communication, task cooperation and efficiency, by allowing to share gaze information between the collaborators. However, screen-based eye-trackers restrict the surgeon’s head to a fixed position and can only provide 2D gaze information on a screen (microscale). On the other hand, wearable eye-trackers can provide unrestricted theatre-wide (macro-scale) 2D gaze information on the head frame-of-reference (Fig. 1). Simultaneous use of both modalities is mutually exclusive due to IR interference of the eye cameras. Moreover, 3D world coordinates would be desirable and beneficial. We propose a novel framework that can provide unrestricted and simultaneous 3D eye-tracking on both the macroand micro-scales, by using just a wearable eyetracker. Preliminary investigations are carried out to assess the feasibility of the proposed framework.
Post-translational modification of VSV glycoprotein , but not JNK 1 inhibition , is the antiviral mechanism of SP 600125 2 3

3 Sabrina Marozin, Jennifer Altomonte, Sibylle Apfel, Phat X. Dinh, Enrico N. De Toni, 4 Antonia Rizzani, Andreas Nüssler, Nobuyuki Kato, Roland M. Schmid, Asit K. Pattnaik 5 and Oliver Ebert 6 7 Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; 8 School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences & the Nebraska Center for Virology, 9 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA; Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital 10 Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany; Department of Traumatology, Klinikum rechts 11 der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, 12 Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13 Japan 14 15 To whom correspondence may be addressed: Oliver Ebert, Department of Medicine, 16 Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, 17 Germany. Tel: +49-89 41402261. Fax: +49-89-41402258. Email: oliver.ebert@lrz.tum. de 18 19
Initial Feasibility Study for Transurethral Kidney Surgey using a Tubular Continuum Manipulator

Transurethral access to the kidney is mostly utilized to perform endoscopy for diagnostics and stone removal. This minimally invasive procedure is challenging, especially for those patients whose kidney branches out into fine structures. Often, existing flexible instruments are lacking manipulability, robustness, and the field of view is limited. In order to improve those aspects, we propose a new concept for transurethral kidney interventions using a tubular continuum manipulator composed of three tubes, each of which can be mechanically translated and rotated, enabling the manipulator to follow nonlinear paths. To prove our concept, an optimization algorithm is presented, which utilizes multiobjective particle swarm optimization and optimizes tube parameters for successively used sets of tubes for three specific patient kidney datasets. We further evaluate, whether sets of tubes can be determined to provide all three kidneys.
Transcriptional control of amino acid homeostasis is disrupted in Huntington’s disease

Significance Aberrant amino acid metabolism has been reported in Huntington’s disease (HD), but its molecular origins are unknown. We show here that the master regulator of amino acid homeostasis, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), is dysfunctional in HD, reflecting oxidative stress generated by impaired cysteine biosynthesis and transport. Accordingly, antioxidant supplementation reverses the diminished ATF4 response to nutrient stress. We identify a molecular link between amino acid disposition and oxidative stress that underlies multiple degenerative processes in HD. This disruption may be relevant to cellular dysfunction in other neurodegenerative conditions involving oxidative stress. Agents that restore cysteine balance may provide therapeutic benefit. Disturbances in amino acid metabolism, which have been observed in Huntington’s disease (HD), may account for the profound inanition of HD patients. HD is triggered by an expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the protein huntingtin (Htt), impacting diverse cellular processes, ranging from transcriptional regulation to cognitive and motor functions. We show here that the master regulator of amino acid homeostasis, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), is dysfunctional in HD because of oxidative stress contributed by aberrant cysteine biosynthesis and transport. Consistent with these observations, antioxidant supplementation reverses the disordered ATF4 response to nutrient stress. Our findings establish a molecular link between amino acid disposition and oxidative stress leading to cytotoxicity. This signaling cascade may be relevant to other diseases involving redox imbalance and deficits in amino acid metabolism.
Time course EPI of human brain function during task activation

Using gradient‐echo echo‐planar MRI, a local signal increase of 4.3 ± 0.3% is observed in the human brain during task activation, suggesting a local decrease in blood deoxyhemoglobin concentration and an increase in blood oxygenation. Images highlighting areas of signal enhancement temporally correlated to the task are created. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Nucleotide sequence of the region between crr and cysM in Salmonella typhimurium: five novel ORFs including one encoding a putative transcriptional regulator of the phosphotransferase system.

A 4471 bp region between crr and cysM on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome (49.5 min) has been sequenced. Five ORFs were found within this region, one of which is likely to be the putative regulatory gene, ptsJ, that corresponds in map position to a gene which when mutated allows expression of a cryptic Enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded protein is similar to those of several open reading frames (ORFs) including ORFT2 of Rhodobacter spheroides with which it is 28% identical throughout most of its length (comparison score of 21 S.D.). PtsJ exhibits a putative, N-terminal, helix-turn-helix, DNA binding domain that is similar in sequence to those in members of the GntR family of transcriptional regulators. Analyses of the sequences of the ORFs encoded within this region are presented.
Cybersecurity test-bed for IEC 61850 based smart substations

With the development and deployment of IEC 61850 based smart substations, cybersecurity vulnerabilities of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are increasingly emerging. In response to the emergence of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in smart substations, a test-bed is indispensable to enable cybersecurity experimentation. In this paper, a comprehensive and realistic cyber-physical test-bed has been built to investigate potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities and the impact of cyber-attacks on IEC 61850 based smart substations. This test-bed is close to a real production type environment, and has the ability to carry out end-to-end testing of cyber-attacks and physical consequences. A fuzz testing approach is proposed for detecting IEC 61850 based intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and validated in the proposed test-bed.
1:1 Co-crystal of 4,4′-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dipyridin-1-ium sulfate and hexaaquairon(II) sulfate monohydrate

In the title hydrated double salt, 4,4′-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dipyridin-1-ium hexaaquairon(II) bis(sulfate) monohydrate, (C12H12N2)[Fe(H2O)6](SO4)2·H2O, the FeII cation is coordinated by six water molecules in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry; the two pyridine rings of the 4,4′-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dipyridin-1-ium cation are twisted to each other by a dihedral angle of 11.84 (10)°. In the crystal, the cations, sulfate anions and water molecules of crystallization are linked by O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
The 4-Oxalomesaconate Hydratase Gene, Involved in the Protocatechuate 4,5-Cleavage Pathway, Is Essential to Vanillate and Syringate Degradation in Sphingomonas paucimobilisSYK-6

ABSTRACT Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 is able to grow on various dimeric lignin compounds, which are converted to vanillate and syringate by the actions of unique lignin degradation enzymes in this strain. Vanillate and syringate are degraded by theO-demethylase and converted into protocatechuate (PCA) and 3-O-methylgallate (3MGA), respectively. PCA is further degraded via the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway, while the results suggested that 3MGA is degraded through another pathway in which PCA 4,5-dioxygenase is not involved. In a 10.5-kb EcoRI fragment carrying the genes for PCA 4,5-dioxygenase (ligAB), 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate hydrolase (ligI), and a portion of 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ligC), we found the ligJ gene encoding 4-oxalomesaconate (OMA) hydratase, which catalyzes the conversion of OMA into 4-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2-oxoadipate. The ligJ gene is transcribed in the same direction as ligABC genes and consists of an 1,023-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 38,008 Da, which is located 73-bp upstream fromligA. The ligJ gene product (LigJ), expressed in Escherichia coli, was purified to near homogeneity and was estimated to be a homodimer (69.5 kDa) by gel filtration chromatography. The isoelectric point was determined to be 4.9, and the optimal temperature is 30°C. The Km for OMA and the Vmax were determined to be 138 μM and 440 U/mg, respectively. LigJ activity was inhibited by the addition of thiol reagents, suggesting that some cysteine residue is part of the catalytic site. The ligJ gene disruption in SYK-6 caused the growth defect on and the accumulation of common metabolites from both vanillate and syringate, indicating that the ligJ gene is essential to the degradation of these two compounds. These results indicated that syringate is converted into OMA via 3MGA, and it enters the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway.
An accessory role for Escherichia coli integration host factor: characterization of a lambda mutant dependent upon integration host factor for DNA packaging

Bacteriophage lambda grows lytically on Escherichia coli defective for integration host factor, a protein involved in lambda site-specific recombination and the regulation of gene expression. We report the characterization of a mutant, lambda cos154, that, unlike wild-type lambda, is defective for growth in integration host factor-defective E. coli. The cis-dominant mutation in lambda cos154 is a single base pair change in a region of hyphenated dyad symmetry close to the lambda left cohesive end; this mutation prevents DNA packaging. We propose the following two alternative roles for this site in lambda DNA packaging: (i) to bind an E. coli accessory protein required in the absence of integration host factor or (ii) to bind the phage-encoded terminase protein that is essential for DNA packaging.
TaMYB13 is a transcriptional activator of fructosyltransferase genes involved in β-2,6-linked fructan synthesis in wheat.

Fructans are soluble fructosyl-oligosaccharides deposited in many cool-season grass species as a carbon reserve; they are synthesised by fructosyltransferases. In wheat and barley fructans can accumulate in mature stems at a very high level and serve as an important carbon source for grain filling. Fructan synthesis in temperate cereals is regulated by sucrose level and developmental signals, and functions as a metabolic adjustment for carbon balance between carbon supply and sink demand. In this study the expression levels of a highly homologous group of Triticum aestivumMYB genes (TaMYB13-1, TaMYB13-2 and TaMYB13-3) were found to be positively correlated with the mRNA levels of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) in wheat stems among recombinant inbred lines with a wide range of fructan concentrations through Affymetrix array expression analysis. This expression correction extended to expression profiles during stem development. TaMYB13 contains an R2R3-type MYB domain. In vitro random DNA-binding site selection followed by base substitution mutagenesis revealed that TaMYB13 bound to a (A/G/T)TT(A/T/C)GGT core sequence, which was present in the promoters of wheat Ta1-SST and Ta6-SFT genes as well as a barley Hv6-SFT gene. Transactivation analysis showed that TaMYB13 was a transcriptional activator and could markedly enhance the expression of 1-SST and 6-SFT promoter-driven reporter genes in wheat. Elimination of TaMYB13-binding sites in Ta6-SFT and Ta1-SST promoters markedly reduced TaMYB13-mediated reporter gene transactivation. These data suggest that TaMYB13 and its orthologues are positive regulators for controlling the expression of major fructosyltransferases involved in the fructan synthetic pathway in temperate cereals.
Hypercoagulation in surgical postmenopausal women having hormone replacement with overdose estradiol

A benefit of estradiol replacement preventing coronary heart disease (CHD) after menopause has been suggested by clinical investigations. In the department of gynecology at our hospital, we met by chance eight senior women who were hysterectomized due to different benign gynecological disorders. Acting on their own, they took a daily dose of estradiol valerate as high as 8–50 mg for 3 years, in comparison with 1–2 mg used in routine hormonal replacement therapy. We were interested to assess whether the overdose estrogen disturbs the hemostatic function, thus losing the favorable effect on CHD occurrence. Plasma levels of some procoagulants/anticoagulants were assayed in the eight women with replacement therapy and the results were compared with those of seven age-matched senior women and of 14 young healthy women with normal menstrual cycles. Using a new laboratory method recently developed by us, the overall hemostatic potential, shown as a single parameter (Abs-sum), was also determined. Results showed that high-dose estradiol activated coagulation and depressed fibrinolysis, leading to the net effect of elevated overall hemostatic potential. Thus, the overdose estradiol replacement may not be beneficial in preventing CHD after menopause, or it may even increase the risk due to the hypercoagulable state induced therefrom.
Mixtures of Self-Modeling Regressions

A shape invariant model for functions f 1 , . , f n speciﬁes that each individual function f i can be related to a common shape function g through the relation f i ( x ) = a i g ( c i x + d i ) + b i . We consider a mixture model that allows multiple shape functions g 1 , . , g K , where each f i is a shape invariant transformation of one of those g k . We derive an MCMC algorithm for ﬁtting the model using Bayesian Adaptive Regression Splines (BARS) and discuss some of the computational diﬃculties that arise. The method is illustrated using synaptic transmission data, where the groups of functions may indicate diﬀerent active zones in a synapse.
Complications Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: SF-6D Preference-Weighted Quality of Life Scores

Background:Societal preference-weighted health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores enable comparing multidimensional health states across diseases and treatments for research and policy. Objective:To assess the effects of living with a permanent intestinal stoma, compared with a major bowel resection, among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Research Design:Cross-sectional multivariate linear regression analysis to explain preference-weighted HRQOL scores. Subjects:In all, 640 CRC survivors (≥5 years) from 3 group model health maintenance organizations; ostomates and nonostomates with colorectal resections for CRC were matched on gender, age (±5 years), time since diagnosis, and tumor site (rectum vs. colon). Measures:SF-6D scoring system was applied to Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2); City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy; and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index. Methods:Survey of CRC survivors linked to respondents’ clinical data extracted from health maintenance organization files. Results:Response rate was 52%. Ostomates and nonostomates had similar sociodemographic characteristics. Mean SF-6D score was 0.69 for ostomates, compared with 0.73 for nonostomates (P < 0.001), but other factors explained this difference. Complications of initial cancer surgery, and previous year comorbidity burden, and hospital use were negatively associated with SF-6D scores, whereas household income was positively associated. Conclusions:CRC survivors’ SF-6D scores were not associated with living with a permanent ostomy after other factors were taken into account. Surgical complications, comorbidities, and metastatic disease lowered the preference-weighted HRQOL of CRC survivors with and without ostomies. Further research to understand and reduce late complications from CRC surgeries as well as associated depression is warranted.
Increased mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter in the VTA of male rats after chronic food restriction

Dieting as a strategy to reduce body weight often fails as it causes food cravings leading to bingeing and weight regain. Evidence from several lines of research suggests the presence of shared elements for neural regulation of food and drug craving. We quantified the expression of eight genes involved in dopamine signalling in brain regions related to the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine system in male rats subjected to chronic food restriction using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Food restriction strongly increased mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and the dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area. Quantitative autoradiography indicated that the dopamine transporter was also upregulated at the protein level in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. However, these effects were not observed after acute food deprivation. We suggest that the results reflect a sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway characterized by increased clearance of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell. Such sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system may be one of the underlying causes for the food cravings that interfere with dietary compliance.
Monoclonal antibody-mediated, immunodiagnostic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA), mediated by a monoclonal antibody designated HybI, was developed for the diagnosis of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Inhibition of binding of HybI by the horse antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii was optimum at dilutions of 1:20 for serum and 1:10,000 for HybI. Mean optical densities (ODs) of positive and negative sera were 0.158 and 0.855, respectively. A comparison of ODs obtained by CELISA and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated a marked tendency of positive and negative samples to cluster separately with respect to CELISA ODs, whereas the ELISA results displayed a continuum of ODs from negative to positive. Analysis of diagnosis by indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFA), ELISA, and CELISA for 66 field-collected serum samples indicated that CELISA was superior to IFA and ELISA. Among 11 acute-phase serum samples negative by IFA which were obtained from horses that subsequently seroconverted, CELISA clearly demonstrated antibodies in 8 of these acute-phase sera, whereas 5 were borderline positive by ELISA. The presence of agent-specific humoral antibodies could be demonstrated conclusively by 14 days after infection. The results suggest that CELISA is more sensitive than IFA and ELISA and, owing to the marked differences between positive and negative samples, can be easily adapted for use in the field for detection of horse antibodies to E. risticii.