Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HrpA, an RNA Helicase Involved in RNA Processing, Is Required for Mouse Infectivity and Tick Transmission of the Lyme Disease Spirochete

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi must differentially express genes and proteins in order to survive in and transit between its tick vector and vertebrate reservoir. The putative DEAH-box RNA helicase, HrpA, has been recently identified as an addition to the spirochete's global regulatory machinery; using proteomic methods, we demonstrated that HrpA modulates the expression of at least 180 proteins. Although most bacteria encode an HrpA helicase, RNA helicase activity has never been demonstrated for HrpAs and the literature contains little information on the contribution of this protein to bacterial physiology or pathogenicity. In this work, we report that B. burgdorferi HrpA has RNA-stimulated ATPase activity and RNA helicase activity and that this enzyme is essential for both mammalian infectivity by syringe inoculation and tick transmission. Reduced infectivity of strains carrying mutations in the ATPase and RNA binding motif mutants suggests that full virulence expression requires both ATPase and coupled helicase activity. Microarray profiling revealed changes in RNA levels of two-fold, or less in an hrpA mutant versus wild-type, suggesting that the enzyme functions largely or exclusively at the post-transcriptional level. In this regard, northern blot analysis of selected gene products highly regulated by HrpA (bb0603 [p66], bba74, bb0241 [glpK], bb0242 and bb0243 [glpA]) suggests a role for HrpA in the processing and translation of transcripts. In addition to being the first demonstration of RNA helicase activity for a bacterial HrpA, our data indicate that the post-transcriptional regulatory functions of this enzyme are essential for maintenance of the Lyme disease spirochete's enzootic cycle.
Relationship Between Ischemic Heart Disease and Sexual Satisfaction

Aim: Ischemic heart disease is a life-threatening condition. Considerable doubts exist over the effects of this disease on patients’ sexual activity and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ischemic heart disease and sexual satisfaction. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, the convenience sample of 150 patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and 150 people without exposure it was drawn from Shahid Beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran. Sampling was performed from March to September 2014. We employed the Larson’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire for gathering the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: The means of sexual satisfaction in patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and among the subjects without exposure it were 101.47±13.42 and 100.91±16.52, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sexual satisfaction. However, sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with gender and the use of cardiac medications (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The level of sexual satisfaction in patients with exposure ischemic heart disease is similar to the people without exposure it. Moreover, the men and the patients who do not receive cardiac medications have higher levels of sexual satisfaction. Nurses who are providing care to patients with ischemic heart disease need to pay closer attention to patient education about sexual issues.
High performance multicrystalline wafers with lifetime of 400µs at industrial scale

An improved nucleation method was used to fabricate high performance multicrystalline ingots with small grains. The objective of the technology is to reduce the generation of defects having high recombination activity. The crystal growth recipe, the hot zone design, and the nucleating method were improved. It is shown that wafers with uniformly small grains reach much higher effective carrier lifetimes than wafers with large grains but with non-uniform distribution. The crystal growth recipe was optimized to obtain such small grains. An average effective lifetime of 400 μs was achieved at an excess carrier density of 1×1015 cm-3. In the best optimized ingot, a best measured lifetime approaching 600 μs of these wafers was reached.
In vivo Recordings from Low-Frequency Nucleus Laminaris in the Barn Owl

Localization of sound sources relies on 2 main binaural cues: interaural time differences (ITD) and interaural level differences. ITD computing is first carried out in tonotopically organized areas of the brainstem nucleus laminaris (NL) in birds and the medial superior olive (MSO) in mammals. The specific way in which ITD are derived was long assumed to conform to a delay line model in which arrays of systematically arranged cells create a representation of auditory space, with different cells responding maximally to specific ITD. This model conforms in many details to the particular case of the high-frequency regions (above 3 kHz) in the barn owl NL. However, data from recent studies in mammals are not consistent with a delay line model. A new model has been suggested in which neurons are not topographically arranged with respect to ITD and coding occurs through assessment of the overall response of 2 large neuron populations - 1 in each brainstem hemisphere. Currently available data comprise mainly low-frequency (<1,500 Hz) recordings in the case of mammals and higher-frequency recordings in the case of birds. This makes it impossible to distinguish between group-related adaptations and frequency-related adaptations. Here we report the first comprehensive data set from low-frequency NL in the barn owl and compare it to data from other avian and mammalian studies. Our data are consistent with a delay line model, so differences between ITD processing systems are more likely to have originated through divergent evolution of different vertebrate groups.
Remaking New Zealand''s economic policy institutional elites as radical innovators

A thread storage and delivery device for conveying a thread from a spool to a working point on a textile machine. The thread is delivered to a storage drum in a substantially tangential direction in the region of a slide cone. The thread is drawable from the storage drum in an axial direction while the force serving to draw the thread from the spool is imparted to the thread by means of a friction driving surface which is looped at least once by the thread. The storage drum has a storage section which is smaller in diameter than the remainder portion thereof and the thread turns are conveyed from the slide cone in an axial direction into the storage section to form at that point a double layer, or multiple layer coil from which the thread can be drawn out.
Structural characterization of the ternary complex that mediates termination of NF-κB signaling by IκBα

Significance Rapid response to extracellular signals is promoted by the maintenance of the transcription factor NF-κB in resting cells in a stable complex with its inhibitor IκBα. Upon receipt of a signal, IκBα is degraded, allowing NF-κB to enter the nucleus. One of the downstream genes that is frequently transcribed in response to signals is that of IκBα. Newly synthesized IκBα enters the nucleus and strips NF-κB from the DNA, terminating the signal response by an unknown mechanism. Previous experiments provided evidence for formation of a ternary complex between DNA, NF-κB, and IκBα. Here we characterize this ternary complex by NMR and cryoelectron microscopy and show that it is a feasible intermediate in the termination process. The transcription factor NF-κB is used in many systems for the transduction of extracellular signals into the expression of signal-responsive genes. Published structural data explain the activation of NF-κB through degradation of its dedicated inhibitor IκBα, but the mechanism by which NF-κB–mediated signaling is turned off by its removal from the DNA in the presence of newly synthesized IκBα (termed stripping) is unknown. Previous kinetic studies showed that IκBα accelerates NF-κB dissociation from DNA, and a transient ternary complex between NF-κB, its cognate DNA sequence, and IκBα was observed. Here we structurally characterize the >100-kDa ternary complex by NMR and negative stain EM and show a modeled structure that is consistent with the measurements. These data provide a structural basis for previously unidentified insights into the molecular mechanism of stripping.
Core inflation in the Euro area

Using a common trends model, a forward-looking ‘core’ inflation measure is estimated for the Euro area based on long-run relations among major macroeconomic variables, bearing the interpretation of long-run inflation forecast. The proposed measure may be particularly suitable for the ‘two-pillar’ monetary policy strategy of the ECB which focuses on medium-term inflation prospects.
What-If Reasoning using Counterfactual Gaussian Processes

Answering "What if? " questions is important in many domains. For example, would a patient's disease progression slow down if I were to give them a dose of drug A? Ideally, we answer our question using an experiment, but this is not always possible (e.g., it may be unethical). As an alternative, we can use non-experimental data to learn models that make counterfactual predictions of what we would observe had we run an experiment. In this paper, we propose the counterfactual GP, a counterfactual model of continuous-time trajectories (time series) under sequences of actions taken in continuous-time. We develop our model within the potential outcomes framework of Neyman and Rubin. The counterfactual GP is trained using a joint maximum likelihood objective that adjusts for dependencies between observed actions and outcomes in the training data. We report two sets of experimental results using the counterfactual GP. The first shows that it can be used to learn the natural progression (i.e. untreated progression) of biomarker trajectories from observational data. In the second, we show how the CGP can be used for medical decision support by learning counterfactual models of renal health under different types of dialysis.
Oritavancin Activity Tested against Molecularly Characterized Staphylococci and Enterococci Displaying Elevated Linezolid MIC Results

ABSTRACT Oritavancin (MIC50/90, 0.03/0.06 to 0.12 μg/ml) had potent activity against linezolid-resistant staphylococci, as well as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (oritavancin MIC50/90, 0.015/0.12 μg/ml against both species). All linezolid-resistant isolates were inhibited by oritavancin at ≤0.12 μg/ml. These results confirmed the absence of cross-resistance between linezolid and oritavancin in staphylococci and enterococci.
Antioxidant effects of melatonin in rats during chronic exposure to hyperbaric oxygen

Abstract: In addition to its beneficial effects, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure causes some detrimental effects via oxidative stress. Previous experimental studies showed that melatonin is a useful agent to block single session HBO‐induced oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of exogenously administered as well as endogenously produced melatonin in lung and brain tissues of rats exposed to long term HBO. The HBO procedure was set as daily exposures to 2.5 ATA of oxygen for 1 hr and a total of 10 sessions. Twenty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, daytime HBO, daytime HBO plus melatonin (5 mg/kg), nighttime HBO. Tissue oxidative/antioxidant status was examined by determining the protein carbonyl content as a criteria for oxidative stress and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px). HBO exposure for 10 days caused significant increases in protein carbonyl content and SOD levels of lung and brain, but GSH‐Px activities remained unaffected. The increases in protein carbonyls were blocked by exogenously administered melatonin and in part by nighttime exposure to darkness whereas the increase of SOD activity was only impeded by endogenously produced melatonin in brain tissue. Lung SOD activity was augmented by endogenous melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin blocks long‐term HBO‐induced cumulative oxidative stress as indicated changes in protein carbonyls. Both exogenously injected and physiologically secreted melatonin has this potential. The effects of HBO‐exposure and melatonin on the activities of the antioxidative enzymes are less clear.
Conservation and prediction of solvent accessibility in protein families

Currently, the prediction of three‐dimensional (3D) protein structure from sequence alone is an exceedingly difficult task. As an intermediate step, a much simpler task has been pursued extensively: predicting 1D strings of secondary structure. Here, we present an analysis of another 1D projection from 3D structure: the relative solvent accessibility of each residue. We show that solvent accessibility is less conserved in 3D homologues than is secondary structure, and hence is predicted less accurately from automatic homology modeling; the correlation coefficient of relative solvent accessibility between 3D homologues is only 0.77, and the average accuracy of predictions based on sequence alignments is only 0.68. The latter number provides an effective upper limit on the accuracy of predicting accessibility from sequence when homology modeling is not possible. We introduce a neural network system that predicts relative solvent accessibility (projected onto ten discrete states) using evolutionary profiles of amino acid substitutions derived from multiple sequence alignments. Evaluated in a cross‐validation test on 238 unique proteins, the correlation between predicted and observed relative accessibility is 0.54. Interpreted in terms of a three‐state (buried, intermediate, exposed) description of relative accessibility, the fraction of correctly predicted residue states is about 58%. In absolute terms this accuracy appears poor, but given the relatively low conservation of accessibility in 3D families, the network system is not far from its likely optimal performance. The most reliably predicted fraction of the residues (50%) is predicted as accurately as by automatic homology modeling. Prediction is best for buried residues, e.g., 86% of the completely buried sites are correctly predicted as having 0% relative accessibility. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pricing Nature, Cost--Benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy

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Diagnostic application of Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded RNA in situ hybridisation

Aims Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a range of proliferative lymphoid conditions. In situ hybridisation (ISH) looking for virus‐encoded RNA (EBER) transcripts is performed simply using a commercially available probe. We aimed to examine the application of this test in a routine diagnostic setting. Methods In total, 26 cases in which EBV ISH was requested for diagnostic purposes were examined. We looked at the indication for testing, the result and its implication for the final diagnosis. Results Cases were classified into three categories: possible nasopharyngeal carcinoma; possible EBV‐related lymphoma; and possible immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Six of nine cases of possible nasopharyngeal carcinoma were EBV ISH positive (3/3 primary and 3/6 secondary), confirming the diagnosis. Three of 14 possible lymphoma cases were EBV ISH positive which, along with appropriate ancillary tests, assisted in making the diagnoses of Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis and extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of nasal type. All of three immunodeficiency‐associated cases were EBV ISH positive. Two of these were post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, monomorphic type. The third case was classified as HIV‐related polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder. Conclusions In our experience, EBV ISH is a straightforward and rapid procedure to perform, giving unequivocal results. Used in the appropriate clinicopathological setting it can be a highly useful ancillary diagnostic aid.
Single channel study of a Ca(2+)‐activated K+ current associated with ras‐induced cell transformation.

1. Ras‐transformed fibroblasts have a whole‐cell Ca(2+)‐activated K+ current which is either absent or unavailable for activation in their non‐transformed counterparts. To better understand the physiological significance of this K+ current the single channel basis for the current was characterized in ras‐transformed cells. 2. More than 90% of inside‐out patches from ras‐transformed balb 3T3 cells had a channel type which was Ca(2+)‐activated (threshold < 0.2 microM internal Ca2+), K(+)‐selective (permeability ratio PNa:PK < 0.02), and inwardly rectifying in symmetric 150 mM KCl solutions (conductances at ‐60 and 60 mV of 33 +/‐ 1 and 17 +/‐ 1 pS respectively). Channel opening probability increased 25‐50% between ‐60 and 60 mV due to an increase in the frequency of opening. Single K+ channels in outside‐out patches were blocked by externally applied 10 mM TEA or 100 nM charybdotoxin, as were whole‐cell Ca(2+)‐activated K+ currents. The properties of this class of K+ channel are sufficient to account for the whole‐cell Ca(2+)‐activated current in ras‐transformed cells. 3. Inside‐out patches from C3H10T1/2 and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts transformed by the H‐ras oncogene had Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels identical to those observed in K‐ras‐transformed balb 3T3 cells. 4. As predicted from whole‐cell experiments Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels were not observed in inside‐out patches from non‐transformed balb 3T3 cells. The purpose of the excised patch recordings was, instead, to rule out potential technical complications with the whole‐cell experiments. For instance A23187, which evoked whole‐cell K+ currents in transformed cells, may not have elevated Ca2+ sufficiently to allow K+ channel activation in non‐transformed cells. Another possibility was that trypsin pretreatment used to round‐up cells for whole‐cell recording may have preferentially disabled channels in non‐transformed cells. The first problem was addressed by exposing patches from non‐transformed cells to 100‐1000 microM Ca2+. Excised patches were also taken from non‐transformed cells which had not been exposed to trypsin. K+ channel activity was not observed under either condition. 5. Patches from both ras‐transformed and non‐transformed cells had a type of non‐specific cation channel which was activated at internal Ca2+ concentrations > or = 100 microM. This channel was sensitive to membrane voltage, mean open time increasing from 12 to 72 ms between ‐90 and 90 mV.
Convergence of Management Practices in Strategy, Finance and HRM between the USA, Japan and Germany

The issue of convergence of management practices as between national business systems and cultures is contentious but important given increasing cross-continental cooperation and competition. This article investigates comparative practices in strategy, finance and human resource management in the USA, Japan and Germany. For strategy and finance we used field research in over 70 companies to gain access to top-level decisions; for HRM we surveyed top 500 companies, again in all three countries, yielding responses from 232 HRM managers. Two hypotheses, derived from rich research literatures, are explored. The first hypothesis suggests diffusion of ‘best practices’ for all three management areas - strategy, finance and HRM - to the point of convergence, in spite of national institutional and cultural factors. More specifically, the second hypothesis suggests even greater convergence at the strategic and financial level, given pressures from increasingly common customer and capital markets, as compared with HRM where cultural factors might remain more influential. We found German practices in strategy, finance and HRM lie midway between those in the USA and Japan, and some convergence across all three management areas, particularly between Germany and the USA. Surprisingly, most convergence was found at the HRM level, where imitation of worldwide ‘best practices’ proved more common.
Evidence of Recombination among Enteroviruses

ABSTRACT Human enteroviruses consist of more than 60 serotypes, reflecting a wide range of evolutionary divergence. They have been genetically classified into four clusters on the basis of sequence homology in the coding region of the single-stranded RNA genome. To explore further the genetic relationships between human enteroviruses and to characterize the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation, previously sequenced genomes were subjected to detailed comparison. Bootstrap and genetic similarity analyses were used to systematically scan the alignments of complete genomic sequences. Bootstrap analysis provided evidence from an early recombination event at the junction of the 5′ noncoding and coding regions of the progenitors of the current clusters. Analysis within the genetic clusters indicated that enterovirus prototype strains include intraspecies recombinants. Recombination breakpoints were detected in all genomic regions except the capsid protein coding region. Our results suggest that recombination is a significant and relatively frequent mechanism in the evolution of enterovirus genomes.
Forecasting Day-Ahead Electricity Prices of Singapore: through ARIMA and Wavelet-ARIMA

The changes observed in the electricity markets over the past decade brought about developments in the field of electricity modeling. In this paper, traditional AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and Wavelet-ARIMA models are applied to the Singapore electricity market, Asia’s first liberalized electricity market. Forecasting will be done for each electricity price modelling technique and the adequacy of the models is tested through forecast accuracy. The comparison of forecast accuracy of the models is done across different data behaviors.