Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Has Globalisation Affected the Economic Growth, Structural Change and Poverty Reduction Linkages?: Insights from international comparisons

This paper examines economic growth, structural change and poverty reduction linkages across 147 countries of the world during 1991-2015. It emphasises that under the liberal market growth model structural change-growth linkages are complex, which in turn can complicate the poverty reduction effects of growth. It proposes a conceptual framework to explain how growth and structural dynamics have been influenced by globalisation. It argues that at the core of the conventional growth-structural change relationship lies the assumption that economic activities within and across sectors are strongly connected with each other through forward and backward linkages. Globalisation may distort this connectedness affecting different sectors asymmetrically. As a result, structural change in value added and employment may not commensurate with each other exerting ambiguous effects on cross-sector productivity dispersions. The study hypothesises that the convergence between them is critical for productivity enhancing structural change, and in turn, for poverty reducing effects of growth. The generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator within the framework of a dynamic panel data approach upholds the hypothesis. These findings question the sustainability of the growth and structural change processes taking place in the developing world and call for deeper strategic government interventions for broad based economic development with an emphasis on manufacturing.
Inhibition of growth, transformation, and expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 in human keratinocytes by alpha interferons

We used a model system of normal human keratinocytes (HKc) and HKc immortalized with human papillomavirus type 16 DNA (HKc/HPV16) to investigate the effects of alpha interferons (IFN-alpha) on the growth of HPV16-immortalized human epithelial cells, on HPV16-mediated immortalization of normal HKc, and on HPV16 gene expression. Normal HKc and HKc/HPV16 were treated with several recombinant human IFN-alpha subtypes (IFN-alpha B, IFN-alpha D, and IFN-alpha B/D). These IFN-alpha subtypes inhibited proliferation of both normal HKc and HKc/HPV16 in a dose-dependent fashion; however, although 1,000 to 10,000 U of IFN-alpha per ml were required to inhibit growth of normal HKc, HKc/HPV16 were substantially growth inhibited by 100 U/ml. In addition, 100 U of IFN-alpha B/D per ml inhibited transformation of normal HKc by HPV16 DNA. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed no effect of IFN-alpha on the mRNA levels of the HPV16 E6 and E7 open reading frames. However, immunofluorescence studies of the HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins with anti-E6 and anti-E7 monoclonal antibodies showed significant inhibition of E7 protein expression in cells treated with IFN-alpha, whereas E6 protein expression was not altered. The inhibition of E7 protein expression in cells treated with IFN-alpha was further confirmed by Western immunoblot analysis. These results suggest that IFN-alpha may inhibit HPV16-mediated transformation of HKc and proliferation of HKc/HPV16 through an inhibition of HPV16 E7 protein expression.
Contact Probing Mechanisms for Opportunistic Sensor Data Collection

Rights © The British Computer Society 2015. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in The Computer Journal following peer review. The version of record, Contact Probing Mechanisms for Opportunistic Sensor Data Collection, The Computer Journal, Volume 58, Issue 8, 1 August 2015, Pages 1792–1810, is available online at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1093/comjnl/bxv005
Self-Enhancement , Self-Protection and Ingroup Bias

The present study examines how self-enhancement and self-protection function within a group context regarding people’s ingroup and outgroup judgments. Results demonstrated basic selfenhancement and self-protection effects such that participants routinely rated themselves higher on the positive traits and lower on the negative traits than either the group or a past participant. Participants’ judgments regarding the outgroup member mimicked this rating pattern; however, their judgments concerning the ingroup were mixed. Interestingly, participants were actually self-critical at times and in some cases engaged in self-derogation, rating themselves lower on positive traits and higher on negative traits. The need to belong is a fundamental human motive, having both physical and psychological benefits (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). For instance, group identification can affect people’s feelings of self-worth, as evidenced by work in basking in reflected glory (Ware & Kowalski, 2012). Pertinent to the current research, people can also bolster their self-esteems and engage in self-enhancement and self-protection through their group and social judgments. In the present paper, we are interested in these two self-motives (self-enhancement and self-protection) and how they operate within a group context. SELF-PROTECTION AND SELF-ENHANCEMENT Self-protection, though closely tied to self-enhancement, remains an independent concept, which involves decreasing and defending the self against negative self-views. People typically implement self-protection machinations when an event threatens to reduce a self-interest below a personal or appropriate tolerance level (Alicke & Sedikides, 2009). Furthermore, researchers have asserted that self-protection comprises various avoidant tendencies, which makes intuitive
Melodic Expectation in Music : A Review of Theoretical Accounts and Empirical Research

The ability to anticipate and prepare appropriate responses to events is highly important in an adaptive sense and conflicts or correspondences between actual and anticipated effects often entail significant psychological and biological effects. The development of systems for expectation may derive from both innately determined responses to universal properties of the environment and responses acquired through long-term exposure to the regularities of any given environment. Expectancy is considered to be especially important in music perception where it may account for the expression of meaning and emotional responses to music (Meyer, 1956) and more sophisticated models of expectancy in music have set out in detail the principles governing the influence of universal bottom-up factors and acquired topdown factors (Narmour, 1990, 1992). Theoretical accounts of expectancy in music have been studied in terms of the influence of temporal structure (Jones, 1987; Jones & Boltz, 1989), melodic intervals and registral direction (Cuddy & Lunny, 1995; Krumhansl, 1995a) and harmonic expectancies (Bharucha, 1987; Schmuckler, 1989). Although expectancies in music perception operate over a number of different parameters and structural levels in music, we are concerned here with expectancies in purely melodic music. A variety of tasks have been used to study expectancy in melodic music including rating completions of melodic contexts (Cuddy & Lunny, 1995; Krumhansl, 1995b; Schellenberg, 1996), generating continuations to melodic contexts (Carlsen, 1981; Schmuckler, 1989; Thompson et al., 1997) and the classification of melodies and memory for melodies (Schmuckler, 1997). We focus on those tasks that have actually elicited expectancies as the dependent variable. These notes are structured as follows. In §2, we examine some theoretical accounts of expectancy in melody including that of Meyer (1956, 1967, 1973), the implication-realisation model (Narmour, 1990, 1992), theories of dynamic-attending (Jones, 1981, 1982, 1987, 1990) and theories based on sequential pattern induction and extrapolation (Deutsch & Feroe, 1981; Simon & Sumner, 1968). In §3, we summarise the experimental work that has examined the prediction of some of these theoretical accounts. Finally, in §4, we summarise this work and discuss some of its implications.
Global account management strategies : Drivers and outcomes Q 2

Received: 13 September 2007 Revised: 22 October 2008 Accepted: 31 October 2008 Online publication date: KK Abstract Global account management (GAM) has become a vital part of many multinational enterprises’ global marketing. Yet little is known about successful GAM strategies. In this study, we conceptualize GAM strategies, and develop and empirically test an integrated theoretical model that links GAM strategies to their drivers and outcomes. We find that: (1) global strategic priority and globalization are significant drivers of four GAM strategies – inter-country coordination, inter-organizational coordination, marketing activities standardization, and global integration; (2) inter-country and inter-organizational coordination have significant main effects on GAM performance, while global customer demand positively moderates the effects of marketing activities standardization and global integration on GAM performance; and (3) GAM performance significantly influences relationship continuity. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications, and provide suggestions for future research. Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 0, 1–21. doi:10.1057/jibs.2009. 26
Using Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases for drug discovery

Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are increasing in prevalence as our aging population increases in size. Despite this, currently there are no disease-modifying drugs available for the treatment of these conditions. Drosophila melanogaster is a highly tractable model organism that has been successfully used to emulate various aspects of these diseases in vivo. These Drosophila models have not been fully exploited in drug discovery and design strategies. Areas covered: This review explores how Drosophila models can be used to facilitate drug discovery. Specifically, we review their uses as a physiologically-relevant medium to high-throughput screening tool for the identification of therapeutic compounds and discuss how they can aid drug discovery by highlighting disease mechanisms that may serve as druggable targets in the future. The reader will appreciate how the various attributes of Drosophila make it an unsurpassed model organism and how Drosophila models of neurodegeneration can contribute to drug discovery in a variety of ways. Expert opinion: Drosophila models of human neurodegenerative diseases can make a significant contribution to the unmet need of disease-modifying therapeutic intervention for the treatment of these increasingly common neurodegenerative conditions.
EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND MINDFUL PARENTING Submitted

EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND MINDFUL PARENTING This study examined the relationship between Emotional Availability (EA) and Mindful Parenting (MP), as well as their independent and combined associations with indicators of adolescent well-being. EA is a well-established measure of parent-child relationship quality, but the existing literature for EA is limited to infancy and childhood, with minimal emphasis on adolescence. There is, however, expansive support for the importance of the parent-child relationship in adolescence for well-being in adolescence and early adulthood. Mindful Parenting is one construct shown to be associated with both positive parent-child relationships and adolescent well-being. The current study tests the association among EA, MP and indicators of adolescent well-being in a sample of 30 adolescent-mother dyads participating in a longitudinal study of the Mindfulness Enhanced Strengthening Families Program (MSFP) 10-14. EA and MP were assessed through observational coding of parent-adolescent interactions. Results indicated significant associations between EA and MP, and between each construct and adolescent outcomes. Additionally, individual EA Scales and MP dimensions were established as unique predictors of adolescent outcomes. These results indicate there is a significant relationship between EA and MP and both constructs are related to adolescent outcomes, with some specific contributions to indicators of adolescent well-being.
SPE-181578-MS Reservoir Characterization Using Fuzzy Kriging and Deep Learning Neural Networks

The sandy-clayed heavy oil hydrocarbon reservoirs of the Miocene formations in San Joaquin Valley, California, present relatively high complex geologic settings. These reservoirs consist in general of sandstone, silts and shale bodies, and present anywhere from six to eight degrees of inclination. Geostatistical tools were used to characterize the reservoir and develop a full earth model for the field. The data used was mainly based on the suite of resistivity logs (shallow, medium and deep), which seems to best represent the formations, while a classic kriging technique was used for modeling. In the present research, we introduce a new approach for characterization of these heavy-oil reservoirs by using fuzzy kriging and deep learning neural networks. The new model better captures the uncertainty associated with the characteristics of the reservoirs. Once successfully trained, the system was applied to generate a 3D earth model and estimate reservoir properties at any point in the field. The new earth model successfully improves the resolution and realization of the subsurface model, as compared to the existing one developed using classic kriging. Integrating fuzzy kriging solves the limitation of smoothness of kriging estimation and reproduction of extreme values. Additional capability includes generation of synthetic logs for wells anywhere in the reservoir, with a significant application for infill drilling. The methodology presented in this research proved to be very successful as developed for modeling alluvial deposits such as the heavy oil reservoirs in San Joaquin Valley, California. Further research should be considered to address other geologies where laterally formations vary in characteristics or where pinch outs or faulting occur.
Overexpression of the paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) from the imprinted locus on chromosome 7q21 in high‐risk B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

We report high expression of the maternally imprinted gene PEG10 in high‐risk B‐CLL defined by high LPL mRNA expression. Differential expression was initially identified by microarray analysis and confirmed by real time PCR in 42 B‐CLL patients. mRNA expression ranged from 0.3‐ to 375.4‐fold compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Expression levels in CD19+ B‐CLL cells were 100‐fold higher than in B‐cells from healthy donors. PEG10 expression levels in B‐CLL patient samples remained stable over time even after chemotherapy. High PEG10 expression correlated with high LPL expression (p = 0.001) and a positive Coombs' test (p = 0.04). Interestingly, similar expression patterns were observed for the neighbouring imprinted gene sarcoglycan‐ε (SGCE). Monoallelic expression and maintained imprinting of PEG10 were found by allele‐ or methylation‐specific PCR. The intensity of intracellular staining of PEG10 protein corresponded to mRNA levels as confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Short term knock‐down of PEG10 in B‐CLL cells and HepG2 cells was not associated with changes in cell survival but resulted in a significant change in the expression of 80 genes. However, long term inhibition of PEG10 led to induction of apoptosis in B‐CLL cells. Our data indicate (i) a prognostic value of PEG10 in B‐CLL patients; (ii) specific deregulation of the imprinted locus at 7q21 in high‐risk B‐CLL; (iii) a potential functional and biological role of PEG10 protein expression. Altogether, PEG10 represents a novel marker in B‐CLL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Managers Revisited

What do managers do? Why are they well paid? Prior literature has mainly considered these questions from the inside-the-firm perspectives. We instead consider the role of managers in a competitive market. We show that, because of the risk of being fired, managers have an advantage over firm’s owners in maintaining selfenforcing relational contracts with workers. At equilibrium, there are few manging jobs but these jobs are well paid. This is a key element allowing managers to act as middlemen engaging in self-enforcing relational contracts with both workers and firms’ owners. At equilibrium, managers create more jobs and improve the market’s efficiency even though they impose an additional cost on production.
What Does the MTA Study Tell Us About Effective Psychosocial Treatment for ADHD?

Discussed the initial findings from the recently published, National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings can be summarized as follows: Medical management alone was found to be significantly more effective for the core symptoms of ADHD as compared to behavioral treatment alone and routine (community) care, and behavioral treatment did not significantly improve outcome when combined with medical treatment. In discussing these findings, it is important to be explicit about the research questions the study was and was not designed to answer. The MTA study provided useful information regarding the question, "Does a very intensive form of behavioral treatment deliver greater benefits than the less intensive forms of behavioral treatment investigated in prior studies? " but little insight on the question, "What type of treatment by what type of therapist is most effective in dealing with what specific problems among specific children with ADHD? " It is suggested that the clearest finding from the MTA study is that the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for ADHD hinges on the degree to which a broad range of treatment ingredients are considered, carefully selected, matched, and tailored to the individual needs of each child with the disorder, and implemented and monitored over the long term.
Monobloc Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis for Correction of Severe Fronto-orbital and Midface Hypoplasia in Pediatric Crouzon Syndrome

In severe syndromic craniosynostosis, distraction osteogenesis (DO) provides superior segmental advancement and allows progressive clinical monitoring to ensure that adequate skeletal expansion is achieved. We report two cases of Crouzon syndrome involving a 3-year-old boy and a 4-year-old girl, who were both treated with monobloc Le Fort III DO using a combination of external and internal distraction devices (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) to treat severe orbital proptosis and obstructed nasopharyngeal airway secondary to severe hypoplastic craniofacial skeletal components. Their skeletal segments were advanced in daily increments by 27 mm and 23 mm, respectively. Results at 18 months postoperatively showed successful outcomes, as evidenced by adequate eye protection, tracheostomy tube decannulation following objective evidence of patent nasopharyngeal airway, and acceptable facial appearance. Monobloc Le Fort III DO using a combination of external and internal devices produces favorable functional and clinical outcomes for the treatment of severe orbital and airway discrepancy in Crouzon syndrome.
A Postmigrational Switch among Skin-Derived Dendritic Cells to a Macrophage-Like Phenotype Is Predetermined by the Intracutaneous Cytokine Balance1

Migration of dendritic cells (DC) to secondary lymphoid organs under proinflammatory conditions coincides with their maturation and acquisition of T cell stimulatory abilities. In contrast, impaired activation of DC, e.g., in tumor-conditioned environments, may hamper their activation and possibly their subsequent migration to lymph nodes, leading to either immunological tolerance or ignorance, respectively. In this study, the influence of cytokines in the peripheral skin microenvironment on the activation state of migrating cutaneous DC was assessed using an ex vivo human skin explant model. We observed a phenotypic shift from mature CD83+ DC to immature CD14+ macrophage-like cells within 7 days subsequent to migration from unconditioned skin. These macrophage-like cells displayed a poor T cell stimulatory ability and lacked expression of CCR7, thus precluding their migration to paracortical T cell areas in the lymph nodes. The balance of suppressive and stimulatory cytokines during the initiation of migration decided the postmigrational fate of DC with IL-10 accelerating and GM-CSF and IL-4 preventing the phenotypic switch, which proved irreversible once established. These observations indicate that, in immunosuppressed environments, a postmigrational DC-to-macrophage shift may hinder T cell activation, but also that it may be prevented by prior conditioning of the tissue microenvironment by GM-CSF and/or IL-4.
Detecting Out-of-Distribution Traffic Signs

This work addresses the problem of novel traffic sign detection, i.e. detecting new traffic sign classes during testtime, which were not seen by the classifier during training. This problem is especially relevant for the development of autonomous vehicles, as these vehicles operate in an openended environment. Due to which, the vehicle will always come across a traffic sign that it has never seen before. These new traffic signs need to be immediately identified so that they can be used later for re-training the vehicle. However, detecting these novel traffic signs becomes an extremely difficult task, as there is no mechanism to identify from the output of the classifier whether it has seen a given test sample before or not. To address this issue, we pose the novel traffic-sign detection problem as an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem. We apply several state-of-the-art OOD detection methods and novelty detection methods on the novel traffic-sign detection problem and also establish a benchmark using the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark dataset(GTSRB). In our evaluation, we show that both out-of-distribution approaches and novelty detection approaches are suitable for OOD traffic sign detection.
Use of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scans in patients with acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinicians are insecure reading CT scans by using the one-third rule for acute middle cerebral artery stroke (1/3 MCA rule) before treating patients with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The 1/3 MCA rule is a poorly defined volumetric estimate of the size of cerebral infarction of the MCA. A 10-point quantitative topographic CT scan score, the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), is described and illustrated. A sharp increase in dependence and death occurs with an ASPECTS of 7 or less. We describe how to use ASPECTS and why it works with CT scans obtained on all commonly used axial baselines. We also describe interobserver reliability among clinicians from different specialties and with different experience in reading CT scans in the context of acute stroke. METHODS The six physicians who developed ASPECTS answered a questionnaire on precisely how they interpret and use ASPECTS. The ASPECTS areas as interpreted by these physicians were compared with one another and with standards in the literature. kappa statistics were used to assess the interobserver reliability of ASPECTS versus the 1/3 MCA rule. RESULTS The exact methods of interpretation varied among the six individual observers, with either a 3:3 or 4:2 split on the specific questions. The overall interobserver agreement was good compared with that of the 1/3 MCA rule. Normal anatomic vascular and interobserver variations explain why ASPECTS can be applied with different CT axial baselines. CONCLUSION ASPECTS is a systematic, robust, and practical method that can be applied to different axial baselines. Clinician agreement is superior to that of the 1/3 MCA rule.