Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Stata.com Stpower Exponential — Sample Size and Power for the Exponential Test Remarks and Examples

Syntax Menu Description Options Remarks and examples Stored results Methods and formulas References Also see Syntax Sample-size determination Specifying hazard rates stpower exponential h 1 h 2 , options Specifying survival probabilities stpower exponential s 1 s 2 , t(#) options Power determination Specifying hazard rates stpower exponential h 1 h 2 , n(numlist) options Specifying survival probabilities stpower exponential s 1 s 2 , t(#) n(numlist) options where h 1 is the hazard rate in the control group; h 2 is the hazard rate in the experimental group; s 1 is the survival probability in the control group at reference (base) time t; and s 2 is the survival probability in the experimental group at reference (base) time t. h 1 , h 2 and s 1 , s 2 may each be specified either as one number or as a list of values (see [U] 11.1.8 numlist) enclosed in parentheses. 1 2 stpower exponential — Sample size and power for the exponential test options Description Main t(#) reference time t for survival probabilities s 1 and s 2 * alpha(numlist) significance level; default is alpha(0.05) * power(numlist) power; default is power(0.8) * beta(numlist) probability of type II error; default is beta(0.2) * n(numlist) sample size; required to compute power * hratio(numlist) hazard ratio of the experimental group to the control group, h 2 /h 1 or ln(s 2)/ ln(s 1); default is hratio(0.5) onesided one-sided test; default is two sided * p1(numlist) the proportion of subjects in the control group; default is p1(0.5), meaning equal group sizes * nratio(numlist) ratio of sample sizes, N 2 /N 1 ; default is nratio(1), meaning equal group sizes loghazard power or sample-size computation for the test of the difference between log hazards; default is the test of the difference between hazards unconditional power or sample-size computation using the unconditional approach parallel treat number lists in starred options as parallel (do not enumerate all possible combinations of values) when multiple values per option are specified Accrual/Follow-up fperiod(#) length of the follow-up period; if not specified, the study is assumed to continue until all subjects experience an event (fail) aperiod(#) length of the accrual period; default is aperiod(0), meaning no accrual aprob(#) proportion of subjects accrued by time t * under truncated exponential accrual; default is aprob(0.5) aptime(#) proportion of the accrual period, t * /aperiod(), by which proportion of subjects in aprob() …
Gpr97 Is Dispensable for Inflammation in OVA-Induced Asthmatic Mice

Background Asthma is a complex inflammatory disorder involving the activation and invasion of various immune cells. GPR97 is highly expressed in some immunocytes, including mast cells and eosinophils, which play critical roles in asthma development. However, the role of Gpr97 in regulating airway inflammation in asthma has rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Gpr97 in the development of allergic asthma in mice. Methods Relevant airway asthmatic mouse models were constructed with both wild-type and Gpr97-/- mice sensitized to 250 μg ovalbumin (OVA). The levels of interleukin IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ, which are involved in OVA-induced asthma, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the IgE level in the serum were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The invasion of mast cells and eosinophils into lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical and eosinophil peroxidase activity assays, respectively. Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production were morphologically evaluated with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Results In our study, no obvious alteration in the inflammatory response or airway remodeling was found in the Gpr97-deficient mice with OVA-induced asthma. Neither the secretion of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ, nor inflammatory cell recruitment was altered in the Gpr97-deficient mice. Moreover, Gpr97 deficiency did not affect airway remodeling or mucus production in the asthma mouse model. Conclusion Our findings imply that Gpr97 might not be required for the development of airway inflammation in OVA-induced allergic asthma in mice.
Undecidability of Compass Logic

It is known that the tiling technique can be used to give simple proofs of undecidability of various two-dimensional modal and temporal logics. However, up until now, the simplest two-dimensional temporal logic, the compass logic of Venema, has eluded such treatment. We present a new coding of an enumeration of the tiling plane which enables us to show that the compass logic is undecidable.
Influences of AR-Supported Simulation on Learning Effectiveness in Face-to-face Collaborative Learning for Physics

Augmented Reality (AR), using a mixture of the virtual and physical world, has been recognized as a promising environment for improving the quality of collaboration in educational domains. To identify how an AR-supported simulation affects collaborative learning, this study compared collaborative learning effectiveness between the conditions of AR-supported and traditional face-to-face collaborative learning for Physics. The findings revealed that collaborative use of the AR-supported simulation resulted in higher levels of perceived skill development, self-reported learning and learning interest. The individual learning achievement was also strengthened with the use of AR-supported simulation in collaboration. This study provides empirical evidence for supporting the potential value of AR technology in collaborative learning practices and has implications for research on learning effectiveness evaluation in CSCL.
Social, economic and demographic correlates of overweight and obesity in primary-school children: preliminary data from the Healthy Growth Study

Abstract Objective To record the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban primary-school children in relation to several socio-economic and demographic factors. Design Cross-sectional. Setting/subjects A representative sample of 729 schoolchildren (379 male and 350 female), aged 9–13 years, stratified by parental educational level, was examined in the urban region of Athens. Weight and height were measured using standard procedures. The International Obesity Task Force thresholds were used for the definition of overweight and obesity. Several socio-economic and demographic data and the child’s ‘popularity’ score were also recorded with specifically designed standardized questionnaires. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29·6 % and 11·1 %, respectively. Annual family income of €12 000–20 000 (OR = 1·58), residence ownership (OR = 1·63) and the grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver (OR = 1·38) were significantly associated with higher odds of childhood overweight and obesity. Non-Greek parental nationality (OR = 0·72) and higher ‘popularity’ scores of children (OR = 0·42) were significantly associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity. The grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver and an annual family income of €12 000–20 000 remained significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity after adding all significant correlates of childhood overweight and obesity observed at the bivariate level in a multivariate regression model (OR = 1·51 and 1·61, respectively). Conclusions Among family income, residence ownership, child’s primary caregiver, parental nationality and popularity scores that were identified as significant correlates of childhood overweight and obesity at the bivariate level, lower family income and grandmother as the child’s primary caregiver were the only factors that remained significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity at a multivariate level.
A 23-dBm 60-GHz Distributed Active Transformer in a Silicon Process Technology

In this paper, a distributed active transformer for the operation in the millimeter-wave frequency range is presented. The transformer utilizes stacked coupled wires as opposed to slab inductors to achieve a high coupling factor of kf=0.8 at 60 GHz. Scalable and compact equivalent-circuit models are used for the transformer design without the need for full-wave electromagnetic simulations. To demonstrate the feasibility of the millimeter-wave transformer, a 200-mW (23 dBm) 60-GHz power amplifier has been implemented in a standard 130-nm SiGe process technology, which, to date, is the highest reported output power in an SiGe process technology at millimeter-wave frequencies. The size of the output transformer is only 160times160 mum2 and demonstrates the feasibility of efficient power combining and impedance transformation at millimeter-wave frequencies. The two-stage amplifier has 13 dB of compressed gain and achieves a power-added efficiency of 6.4% while combining the power of eight cascode amplifiers into a differential 100-Omega load. The amplifier supply voltage is 4 V with a quiescent current consumption of 300 mA
Modeling the Data Warehouse Refreshment Process as a Workflow Application

This article is a position paper on the nature of the data warehouse refreshment which is often defined as a view maintenance problem or as a loading process. We will show that the refreshment process is more complex than the view maintenance problem, and different from the loading process. We conceptually define the refreshment process as a workflow whose activities depend on the available products for data extraction, cleaning and integration, and whose coordination events depend on the application domain and on the required quality in terms of data freshness. Implementation of this process is clearly distinguished from its conceptual modelling.
Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke.

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation is a leading preventable cause of recurrent stroke for which early detection and treatment are critical. However, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is often asymptomatic and likely to go undetected and untreated in the routine care of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS We randomly assigned 572 patients 55 years of age or older, without known atrial fibrillation, who had had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA within the previous 6 months (cause undetermined after standard tests, including 24-hour electrocardiography [ECG]), to undergo additional noninvasive ambulatory ECG monitoring with either a 30-day event-triggered recorder (intervention group) or a conventional 24-hour monitor (control group). The primary outcome was newly detected atrial fibrillation lasting 30 seconds or longer within 90 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes included episodes of atrial fibrillation lasting 2.5 minutes or longer and anticoagulation status at 90 days. RESULTS Atrial fibrillation lasting 30 seconds or longer was detected in 45 of 280 patients (16.1%) in the intervention group, as compared with 9 of 277 (3.2%) in the control group (absolute difference, 12.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0 to 17.6; P<0.001; number needed to screen, 8). Atrial fibrillation lasting 2.5 minutes or longer was present in 28 of 284 patients (9.9%) in the intervention group, as compared with 7 of 277 (2.5%) in the control group (absolute difference, 7.4 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.4 to 11.3; P<0.001). By 90 days, oral anticoagulant therapy had been prescribed for more patients in the intervention group than in the control group (52 of 280 patients [18.6%] vs. 31 of 279 [11.1%]; absolute difference, 7.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.6 to 13.3; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke or TIA who were 55 years of age or older, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was common. Noninvasive ambulatory ECG monitoring for a target of 30 days significantly improved the detection of atrial fibrillation by a factor of more than five and nearly doubled the rate of anticoagulant treatment, as compared with the standard practice of short-duration ECG monitoring. (Funded by the Canadian Stroke Network and others; EMBRACE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00846924.).
Implementing an Integrated Time-Series Data Mining Environment - A Case Study of Medical KDD on Chronic Hepatitis -

In this paper, we present the implementation of an integrated time-series data mining environment. Time-series data mining is one of key issues to get useful knowledge from data bases. To execute time-series data mining smoothly, we have designed an environment which integrates time-series pattern extraction methods, rule induction methods and rule evaluation methods with active human-system interaction. After implementing this environment, we have done a case study to mine time-series rules from blood/urine biochemical test data base on chronic hepatitis patients. Then a physician has evaluated and refined his hypothesis on this environment. We discuss the availability of how much support to mine interesting knowledge for an expert.
Analysis and comparison of 24 GHz cmWave radio propagation in urban and suburban scenarios

This paper presents a measurement-based comparison of cm-wave propagation in urban and suburban scenarios at 24 GHz with transmitter antennas located above rooftop level. Different sets of directional measurements, exploring the full azimuth and the range from -30 to +30 degrees in elevation, were performed with horn antennas located close to street level, in order to explore the spatial characteristics of the channel in both LOS and NLOS conditions. The statistical analysis of different directional indicators shows how, at 24 GHz, outdoor propagation is quite different in the suburban scenario as compared to the urban case. Increased spatial multipath, in average 1.23 times higher, is observed in the suburban scenario, mainly due to the strong presence of vegetation. This results in reduced suburban NLOS path loss exponents (3.4) in comparison to the urban scenario (3.7), as detailed in the outdoor path loss analysis. The paper also highlights the potential of using beam combining techniques in order to improve cell-edge coverage by 17% and 37% in the urban and suburban scenarios, respectively. Outdoor-to-indoor propagation was also investigated, finding an average penetration loss of 6.5 dB for buildings composed of light construction materials. The different results and observations provided in the paper are useful for modeling and simulation of future wireless networks operating at 24 GHz in urban and suburban scenarios.
A Method for Complete Decomposition of a Multiple Tone Signal using a DFT

Abstract— A de novo approach to Discrete Spectral Analysis is presented. A pure tone in a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is mathematically analyzed. A concise, exact bin value equation is developed for so called “leakage”. The necessary special treatment this equation requires at integer frequencies is provided. The equation is then inverted across three DFT bins to form an exact frequency determination equation. A method borrowed from Linear Algebra is then used to calculate the magnitude and phase. Finally, an algorithm is described which applies the pure tone equations to separate a well behaved multiple tone signal into its constituent tones. This is a fresh approach on the fundamentals; noise mitigation techniques and closely spaced frequencies are not addressed.
Multicolor and Erasable DNA Photolithography

The immobilization of DNA molecules onto a solid support is a crucial step in biochip research and related applications. In this work, we report a DNA photolithography method based on photocleavage of 2-nitrobenzyl linker-modified DNA strands. These strands were subjected to ultraviolet light irradiation to generate multiple short DNA strands in a programmable manner. Coupling the toehold-mediated DNA strand-displacement reaction with DNA photolithography enabled the fabrication of a DNA chip surface with multifunctional DNA patterns having complex geometrical structures at the microscale level. The erasable DNA photolithography strategy was developed to allow different paintings on the same chip. Furthermore, the asymmetrical modification of colloidal particles was carried out by using this photolithography strategy. This strategy has broad applications in biosensors, nanodevices, and DNA-nanostructure fabrication.
A reinforcement learning based neural multiagent system for control of a combustion process

We present a control scheme based on reinforcement learning for an industrial hard-coal combustion process in a power plant. To comply with the great demands on environmental protection, the plant operator is interested in a minimization of the nitrogen oxides emission, while other process parameters have to be kept within predefined limits. To cope with both the tremendous action and situation space of the power plant, we present a multiagent reinforcement system consisting of 4 agents, which are realized by relatively simple neural function approximators. We demonstrate, that our multiagent system was able to significantly reduce the overall air consumption of the real combustion process of the power plant.
WAVE PACKETS SCATTERED BY NON-PERIODIC BRAGG-TYPE LAYERED STRUCTURES

The time delay, space shift and widening of wave packet transmitted and re∞ected by structures with Bragg mirrors have been investigated. The speciflc structures such as Bragg mirrors, resonators, and structures with chirp variation of thickness of the \period" have been considered. The calculation has been carried out under the conditions that carrier frequency, and incidence angle is in the vicinity of the Bragg resonance. Integral (mass center) and difierential (group) estimates of the delay time and space shift have been compared. The conditions for the appearance of anomalous (negative) mass center delay or mass center shift (Goos-Hanchen shift) of the re∞ected wave packet have been determined. The shape transformations of the wave packet illuminating periodic and quasiperiodic apodized Bragg re∞ectors have been under consideration. Spatial apodization of permittivity contrast yields much smaller shape deformation of the transmitted wave packet upon incidence at angles and carrier frequency near the edges of re∞ection band, as well in Bragg re∞ection band, in comparison with phenomena in similar periodic structures. The values of group delay for layered structures with a small chirp variation of optical (electrical) thickness of the period along longitudinal coordinates have been experimentally obtained in microwave range.
Instructional Focus Does Not Effect Implicit Pattern Learning

Participants performed a dual-component training procedure that combined a serial reaction time task and an artificial grammar learning task under two instructional conditions. Participants given memory-focused instructions performed at the same level as participants given motor-focused instructions on the serial reaction time test and grammar sorting task. Both groups performed better than a control (no training) group. Results suggest that only a minimal amount of attentional focus on aspects of the stimuli relevant to the pattern is needed to acquire implicit pattern knowledge.
Unique features of animal mitochondrial translation systems

In animal mitochondria, several codons are non-universal and their meanings differ depending on the species. In addition, the tRNA structures that decipher codons are sometimes unusually truncated. These features seem to be related to the shortening of mitochondrial (mt) genomes, which occurred during the evolution of mitochondria. These organelles probably originated from the endosymbiosis of an aerobic eubacterium into an ancestral eukaryote. It is plausible that these events brought about the various characteristic features of animal mt translation systems, such as genetic code variations, unusually truncated tRNA and rRNA structures, unilateral tRNA recognition mechanisms by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factors and ribosomes, and compensation for RNA deficits by enlarged proteins. In this article, we discuss molecular mechanisms for these phenomena. Finally, we describe human mt diseases that are caused by modification defects in mt tRNAs.
A biologically inspired connectionist system for natural language processing

Nowadays artificial neural network models often lack many physiological properties of the nervous cell. Current learning algorithms are more oriented to computational performance than to biological credibility. The aim of this paper is to propose an artificial neural network system, called Bio-/spl theta/R, including architecture and algorithm, to take care of a natural language processing problem, the thematic relationship, in a biologically inspired connectionist approach. Instead of feedforward or simple recurrent network, it is presented as a bi-directional architecture. Instead of the well-known biologically implausible backpropagation algorithm, a neurophysiologically motivated one is employed to account for linguistic thematic role assignment in natural language sentences. In addition, several features concerning biological plausibility are also included.
Jeffreys Centroids: A Closed-Form Expression for Positive Histograms and a Guaranteed Tight Approximation for Frequency Histograms

Due to the success of the bag-of-word modeling paradigm, clustering histograms has become an important ingredient of modern information processing. Clustering histograms can be performed using the celebrated k-means centroid-based algorithm. From the viewpoint of applications, it is usually required to deal with symmetric distances. In this letter, we consider the Jeffreys divergence that symmetrizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and investigate the computation of Jeffreys centroids. We first prove that the Jeffreys centroid can be expressed analytically using the Lambert W function for positive histograms. We then show how to obtain a fast guaranteed approximation when dealing with frequency histograms. Finally, we conclude with some remarks on the k-means histogram clustering.
Cost-efficient repair in inconsistent probabilistic databases

Due to the ubiquitous data uncertainty in many emerging real applications, efficient management of probabilistic databases has become an increasingly important yet challenging problem. In particular, one fundamental task of data management is to identify those unreliable data in the probabilistic database that violate integrity constraints (e.g., functional dependencies), and then quickly resolve data inconsistencies. In this paper, we formulate and tackle an important problem of repairing inconsistent probabilistic databases efficiently by value modification. Specifically, we propose a repair semantic, namely possible-world-oriented repair (PW-repair), which partitions possible worlds into several disjoint groups, and repairs these groups individually with minimum repair costs. Due to the intractable result that finding such a PW-repair strategy is NP-complete, we carefully design a heuristic-based greedy approach for PW-repair, which can efficiently obtain an effective repair of the inconsistent probabilistic database. Through extensive experiments, we show that our approach can achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of the repair on inconsistent probabilistic data.
The Role of Weight Shrinking in Large Margin Perceptron Learning

We introduce into the classical perceptron algorithm with margin a mechanism that shrinks the current weight vector as a first step of the update. If the shrinking factor is constant the resulting algorithm may be regarded as a margin-error-driven version of NORMA with constant learning rate. In this case we show that the allowed strength of shrinking depends on the value of the maximum margin. We also consider variable shrinking factors for which there is no such dependence. In both cases we obtain new generalizations of the perceptron with margin able to provably attain in a finite number of steps any desirable approximation of the maximal margin hyperplane. The new approximate maximum margin classifiers appear experimentally to be very competitive in 2-norm soft margin tasks involving linear kernels.