Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Density Directional Display for Generating Natural Three-Dimensional Images

A high-density directional display can produce natural three-dimensional(3-D) images by projecting a large number of directional images using directional rays. When the angle pitch of the directional rays is 0.2/spl deg//spl sim/0.4/spl deg/, more than two directional rays passing through a point in 3-D space enter the viewer's eye simultaneously so that the viewer's eye can focus on that point. No discrepancy appears between the convergence function and the accommodation function so that the display does not induce visual fatigue. Two different system configurations are presented: a projection configuration and a thin configuration. A prototype display based on the projection configuration was constructed. The prototype display displayed 64 directional images with directional rays having a horizontal angle pitch of 0.34/spl deg/. The screen size was 9.2 in. The preliminary experimental results showed that a viewer could focus on 3-D images produced by the prototype display.
How to do a STRUCTURAL multicenter neuroimaging study

Multicenter studies are an important tool to validate and establish MRI methodology, particularly for their use as a biomarker. Multicenter studies are also widely used in clinical trials to evaluate pharmaceuticals, MRI-compatible devices, and related technology. The design of a multicenter study that employs MRI and in particular the design of the MR imaging protocol, is driven by the requirements of the study. These requirements follow from the scientific aims of study, and typically reflect engineering and other practical considerations. In particular, several questions to consider are:
Different impacts of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Objectives: Although the prevalence rates of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus are slowing in some high-income countries, HTN and diabetes mellitus remain as the two major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. We aimed to observe the association of HTN and diabetes mellitus with all-cause and CVD mortality in older white adults. Methods: All community-dwelling Rancho Bernardo Study participants who were at least 55 years old and had carefully measured blood pressure and plasma glucose from 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at the baseline visit (1984–1987, n = 2186) were followed up until death or the last clinic visit in 2013 (median 14.3 years, interquartile range 8.4–21.3). Results: In unadjusted analyses, diabetes mellitus was associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.60] and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.39–2.00); HTN with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.93 (1.73–2.15)] and CVD mortality [hazard ratio 2.45 (2.10–2.93)]. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, including age, BMI, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, exercise, and alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus was associated with CVD mortality only (hazard ratio 1.25, P = 0.0213). Conversely, HTN was associated with both all-cause (hazard ratio 1.34, P < 0.0001) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.40, P = 0.0003). Having both diabetes mellitus and HTN was associated with all-cause (hazard ratio 1.38, P = 0.0002) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.70, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: We report the novel finding that HTN is more strongly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality than diabetes mellitus. Having both confers a modest increase in the hazards for these types of mortality.
Dynamic properties of sandwich structures with integrated shear-thickening fluids

The integration of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) into composite structures has been investigated with the aim of tuning part stiffness and damping capacity under dynamic deformation. Results from oscillatory rheological measurements for a STF based on concentrated fused silica in polypropylene glycol were correlated with results from vibrating beam tests on model sandwich structures containing layers of the same STF sandwiched between polyvinyl chloride (PVC) beams. Above a critical amplitude, the relative motion of the PVC beams provoked shear thickening of the silica suspensions, and the vibration and damping properties were significantly modified. These changes were related to the rheological response of the STF through analytical calculations of strains in the STF layers, an approach that was verified experimentally by replacing the STF with a slow-curing epoxy resin. The potential for integrating STFs into structures exposed to dynamic flexural deformation, with the aim of controlling their vibrational response, has thus been demonstrated.
Tainted Altruism

In four experiments, we found that the presence of self-interest in the charitable domain was seen as tainting: People evaluated efforts that realized both charitable and personal benefits as worse than analogous behaviors that produced no charitable benefit. This tainted-altruism effect was observed in a variety of contexts and extended to both moral evaluations of other agents and participants’ own behavioral intentions (e.g., reported willingness to hire someone or purchase a company’s products). This effect did not seem to be driven by expectations that profits would be realized at the direct cost of charitable benefits, or the explicit use of charity as a means to an end. Rather, we found that it was related to the accessibility of different counterfactuals: When someone was charitable for self-interested reasons, people considered his or her behavior in the absence of self-interest, ultimately concluding that the person did not behave as altruistically as he or she could have. However, when someone was only selfish, people did not spontaneously consider whether the person could have been more altruistic.
Shuttles and cycles: transport of proteins into the peroxisome matrix (Review)

Peroxisomes are organelles that carry out diverse biochemical processes in eukaryotic cells, including the core pathways of β-oxidation of lipid molecules and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In multicellular organisms defects in peroxisome assembly result in multiple biochemical and developmental abnormalities. As peroxisomes do not contain genetic material, their protein content, and therefore function, is determined by the import of nuclearly encoded proteins from the cytosol and, presumably, removal of damaged or obsolete proteins. Import of matrix proteins can be broken down into four steps: targeting signal recognition by the cycling import receptors; receptor-cargo docking at the peroxisome membrane; translocation and cargo unloading; and receptor recycling. Import is mediated by a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins called peroxins that have been identified primarily via genetic screens, but knowledge of their biochemical activities remains largely unresolved. Recent studies have filled in some of the blanks regarding receptor recycling and the role of ubiquitination but outstanding questions remain concerning the nature of the translocon and its ability to accommodate folded, even oligomeric proteins, and the mechanism of cargo unloading and turnover of peroxisomal proteins. This review seeks to integrate recent findings from yeast, mammalian and plant systems to present an up to date account of how proteins enter the peroxisome matrix.
A novel access scheme for packet-typed wireless networks - CDMA/CS-CF

We present a novel access scheme called CDMA/CS-CF (code division multiple access/code sense for collision free access), which can transmit two kind of traffic i.e. voice and data efficiently. This scheme avoids the collision of packets that occur in CSMA (code sense multiple access), and can assign codes fairly to terminals. This assignment of codes to terminals is operated autonomously by terminals themselves. This scheme can improve the characteristics of throughput, access delay and packet loss rate. We evaluate the performances of CDMA/CS-CF compared with CDMA/PRMA, and show the validity, numerically. Moreover, we consider enhanced CDMA/CS-CF and show the effectiveness in the environment with hidden terminals.
INSTRIM: Lightweight Instrumentation for Coverage-guided Fuzzing

Empowered by instrumentation, coverage-guided fuzzing monitors the program execution path taken by an input, and prioritizes inputs based on their contribution to code coverage. Although instrumenting every basic block ensures full visibility, it slows down the fuzzer and thus the speed of vulnerability discovery. This paper shows that thanks to common program structures (e.g., directed acyclic subgraphs and simple loops) and compiler optimization (e.g., knowledge of incoming edges), it is possible to accurately reconstruct coverage information by instrumenting only a small fraction of basic blocks. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a path differentiation problem on the control flow graph, and propose an efficient algorithm to select basic blocks that need to be instrumented so that different execution paths remain differentiable. We extend AFL to support such CFG-aware instrumentation. Our experiment results confirm that, compared with full instrumentation, our CFG-aware instrumentation only needs to instrument about 20% of basic blocks while offering 1.04–1.78x speedup during fuzzing. Finally, we highlight several technical challenges and promising research directions to further improve instrumentation for fuzzing.
Integrating experiments and simulations to estimate uncertainty in lattice strain measurements

The investigation of lattice strains has proven to be a viable method for probing the crystal level stress state in deforming polycrystalline samples. Building on the recent availability of high-rate X-ray detectors, we have developed a new technique that combines diffraction data with crystal-based finite element simulations to estimate the lattice strain uncertainty for each measurement. To estimate the uncertainty, we combine the probable number of crystals expected for each measurement with the simulated lattice strain standard deviation. Under this framework, the uncertainty is related not just to the number of diffracting crystals but also to the variability in the lattice strain between these crystals. An estimate of uncertainty for each measurement enables both the investigation of previously inaccessible phenomena where the lattice strain evolution is expectantly small and the application of lattice strain measurement techniques to materials with more complex microstructures. The new approach was demonstrated for an aluminum alloy 7075-T6 sample undergoing uniaxial tensile loading.
Structure evolution in sputtered thin films of Tix(Ni, Cu)1-x I: Diffusive transformations

Abstract Diffusional transformations in Tix(Ni, Cu)1−x thin films, with x = 0.474, 0.492 and 0.510 and containing about 5 at. % Cu, have been studied in materials fabricated by triode magnetron sputtering at 473 K. As-deposited films were amorphous and crystallized during isochronal annealing by a polymorphic reaction to form a precipitate-free fine-grained austenite phase that supported supersaturation either of Ti or of Ni + Cu at 300 K. Subsequent isothermal annealing generated precipitates which assumed specific crystallographic orientations with the parent lattice. Grain boundaries were subject to precipitation of Ti4Ni2O x for both Ti-rich and Ni-rich compositions. (NiCu) 2 Ti precipitates were found in tetragonal forms, and both Ti4Ni2O x and Ni3Ti2 phases coexisted in the grain interiors in thin films of near-stoichiometric composition. Interface coherencies, misfit strain fields and special particle-matrix orientations were observed which have not been reported for alloys prepared by ingot metallu.
A Regression Proof Selection Tool For Coq

Large-scale software verification projects increasingly rely on proof assistants, such as Coq, to construct formal proofs of program correctness. However, such proofs must be checked after every change to a project to ensure expected program behavior. This process of regression proving can require substantial machine time, which is detrimental to productivity and trust in evolving projects. We present iCoq, the first regression proof selection tool. iCoq tracks fine-grained dependencies between Coq definitions, propositions, and proofs, and only checks those proofs affected by changes between two revisions. iCoq is suitable for workflows involving version control and continuous integration services, e.g., Travis CI. We applied iCoq to track dependencies across many revisions in several large Coq projects and measured the time savings compared to proof checking from scratch and when using Coq's timestampbased toolchain for incremental checking. Our results show that proof checking with iCoq is up to 10 times faster than the former and up to 3 times faster than the latter. The demo video for iCoq can be found at: https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=egFnHkH5pXI.
Combined Partitioning Hardware-Software Algorithms

In recent years, meta-heuristics have become increasingly interesting in solving combinatorial problems including hardware-software partitioning. In this paper, we present a comparative study between some algorithms which involve meta-heuristics based on Tabu search, genetic algorithm and Binary Search Trees to address the problem of hardwaresoftware partitioning. In fact, meta-heuristics can produce acceptable solutions within a reasonable time, but they do not guarantee an optimal solution. We have proposed these algorithms to find the efficient hardware-software partition that minimizes the logic area of System on a Programmable Chip while respecting a time constraint. This paper presents an analysis of these meta-heuristics by identifying the fundamental ideas guiding the choice of a meta-heuristic in practice.
FDA-MIMO Radar Range–Angle Estimation: CRLB, MSE, and Resolution Analysis

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar enjoys the advantage of increased degrees-of-freedom and spatial diversity gain, but it cannot effectively resolves the targets closely spaced in the same angle cell (but different range cells). Frequency diverse array (FDA)-MIMO radar can handle this problem by exploiting its range-dependent beampattern. FDA-MIMO radar was, thus, suggested for range–angle estimation of targets. Nevertheless, it is necessary to provide theoretical performance analysis for such a relatively new radar technique. Since multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is widely adopted in most of the FDA-MIMO literature, this paper derives the Cramér–Rao lower bound and mean square error expressions in MUSIC-based range–angle estimation algorithms for a general FDA-MIMO radar. Furthermore, the corresponding range and angle resolution thresholds in target detection and localization are also derived. Numerical results verify that the FDA-MIMO indeed outperforms conventional MIMO radar in both range–angle estimation and resolution threshold performance.
Comparison of the outcomes of dynamic/static tests and palpation tests in TMD‐pain patients

In addition to palpation tests, dynamic/static tests have been proposed to complement temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients' evaluation in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of the palpation tests and of the dynamic/static tests, and to determine whether those tests would yield comparable outcomes in terms of pain diagnoses. Ninety-eight (N = 98) consecutive adult patients were examined during 2 clinical sessions by 2 independent examiners, based on muscle and joint palpation techniques described in the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). They also underwent dynamic/static tests. The intra-observer reliability of palpation tests was generally poor, with fair-to-good to excellent ICC values only for the superior masseter and intra-oral sites. The inter-observer reliability of palpation was fair-to-good for muscles, but it was poor for the TMJ lateral pole. Both intra- and inter-observer reliability for the dynamic/static tests varied from fair-to-good to excellent. The intra-observer reliability for muscle pain diagnoses based on palpation tests was between poor and fair-to-good, whereas the inter-observer reliability was excellent. The intra-observer reliability for pain diagnoses based on dynamic/static tests was fair-to-good, and the inter-observer reliability varied from fair-to-good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS Some features of the dynamic/static tests make them potentially more useful than palpation tests for selected clinical purposes, such as discriminating between joint and muscle pain as well as monitoring symptoms course. Thus, findings from this investigation suggest that both tests should be included in the TMD diagnostic algorithms.
Supporting Reuse Mechanisms for Developments in Event-B: Composition

The development of specifications often is a combination of smaller sub-components. Focusing on reuse, an interesting perspective is to formally define the combination of sub-components through refinement steps, reusing their properties and generating larger systems. The previous situation suggests the application of a reuse mechanism: composition. Event-B is a formal method that allows modelling and refinement of systems. The combination and reuse of existing sub-components is not currently supported in Event-B. We propose the development of composition by extending the Event-B formalism as an option for developing larger models, focusing in distributed systems. A tool is developed to support the shared event composition in the Rodin platform. Properties and proof obligations of sub-components are reused and sufficient proof obligations are generated to ensure valid composed models.
Electrochemical impedance measurement of prostate cancer cells using carbon nanotube array electrodes in a microfluidic channel

Highly aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized in the shape of towers and embedded into fluidic channels as electrodes for impedance measurement of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Tower electrodes up to 8 mm high were grown and easily peeled off a silicon substrate. The nanotube electrodes were then successfully soldered onto patterned printed circuit boards and cast into epoxy under pressure. After polishing the top of the tower electrodes, RF plasma was used to enhance the electrocatalytic effect by removing excess epoxy and activating the open end of the nanotubes. Electrodeposition of Au particles on the plasma-treated tower electrodes was done at a controlled density. Finally, the nanotube electrodes were embedded into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was carried out with different conditions. Preliminary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results using deionized water, buffer solution, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells showed that nanotube electrodes can distinguish the different solutions and could be used in future cell-based biosensor development.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Platysmacheilus nudiventris (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Platysmacheilus nudiventris (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae), an endemic Chinese cyprinid fish, was first determined by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,603 bp, including 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and a non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall-based composition is 30.2% A, 26.9% T, 16.7% G and 26.1% C, with high A+T content (57.1%). The results will provide useful data for further studies on species identification, evolutionary and population genetic studies of P. nudiventris and its related species.
Does Wake-Up Radio Always Consume Lower Energy Than Duty-Cycled Protocols?

Many recent studies anticipate that wake-up radio (WuR) will replace traditional duty-cycled (DC) protocols given its overwhelming performance superiority on energy consumption. Meanwhile, the question on whether WuR performs always better than DC protocols has not been answered explicitly. In this paper, we investigate in-depth the energy consumption performance of WuR by considering various levels of trafﬁc load in a wireless sensor network. By comparing SCM-WuR with both synchronous MAC (S-MAC) and asynchronous MAC (X-MAC), we ascertain that SCM-WuR does consume orders of magnitude lowerenergythanDCprotocolswhentrafﬁcloadislow. Howe ver, our numerical results reveal at the same time that SCM-WuR does not have an absolute advantage when trafﬁc load is heavy or saturated, especially when long range wake-up call is targeted.
Telling experts from spammers: expertise ranking in folksonomies

With a suitable algorithm for ranking the expertise of a user in a collaborative tagging system, we will be able to identify experts and discover useful and relevant resources through them. We propose that the level of expertise of a user with respect to a particular topic is mainly determined by two factors. Firstly, an expert should possess a high quality collection of resources, while the quality of a Web resource depends on the expertise of the users who have assigned tags to it. Secondly, an expert should be one who tends to identify interesting or useful resources before other users do. We propose a graph-based algorithm, SPEAR (SPamming-resistant Expertise Analysis and Ranking), which implements these ideas for ranking users in a folksonomy. We evaluate our method with experiments on data sets collected from Delicious.com comprising over 71,000 Web documents, 0.5 million users and 2 million shared bookmarks. We also show that the algorithm is more resistant to spammers than other methods such as the original HITS algorithm and simple statistical measures.
Combination of oncolytic adenovirus and luteolin exerts synergistic antitumor effects in colorectal cancer cells and a mouse model

In recent years, oncolytic viruses have attracted increasing interest due to their potent antitumor effects. Luteolin, a natural product, has additionally been observed to exhibit various pharmacological antitumor activities. Previously, a novel dual-targeting oncolytic adenovirus, complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55)-tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TRAIL), was constructed, which exhibited significant growth inhibitory effects in various types of tumor cell. The present study investigated whether the combination of luteolin and CD55-TRAIL was able to exert a synergistic antitumor effect in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. The cytotoxicity and tumor cell apoptosis mediated by combination treatment in CRC cells were detected via an MTT assay, Hoechst staining and western blotting, respectively. Tumor growth in vivo was examined in a CRC mouse xenograft model following various treatments. The results demonstrated that the addition of luteolin enhanced oncolytic adenovirus-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein, early region 1A and TRAIL expression. The combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin synergistically inhibited tumor growth and promoted CRC cellular apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin significantly decreased cytotoxicity in lung/bronchial normal epithelial cells, compared with single treatment. Therefore, the combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin may be a novel efficient therapeutic strategy for CRC in the future.