Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translation Initiation Factor eIF4G-1 Binds to eIF3 through the eIF3e Subunit*

eIF3 in mammals is the largest translation initiation factor (∼800 kDa) and is composed of 13 nonidentical subunits designated eIF3a-m. The role of mammalian eIF3 in assembly of the 48 S complex occurs through high affinity binding to eIF4G. Interactions of eIF4G with eIF4E, eIF4A, eIF3, poly(A)-binding protein, and Mnk1/2 have been mapped to discrete domains on eIF4G, and conversely, the eIF4G-binding sites on all but one of these ligands have been determined. The only eIF4G ligand for which this has not been determined is eIF3. In this study, we have sought to identify the mammalian eIF3 subunit(s) that directly interact(s) with eIF4G. Established procedures for detecting protein-protein interactions gave ambiguous results. However, binding of partially proteolyzed HeLa eIF3 to the eIF3-binding domain of human eIF4G-1, followed by high throughput analysis of mass spectrometric data with a novel peptide matching algorithm, identified a single subunit, eIF3e (p48/Int-6). In addition, recombinant FLAG-eIF3e specifically competed with HeLa eIF3 for binding to eIF4G in vitro. Adding FLAG-eIF3e to a cell-free translation system (i) inhibited protein synthesis, (ii) caused a shift of mRNA from heavy to light polysomes, (iii) inhibited cap-dependent translation more severely than translation dependent on the HCV or CSFV internal ribosome entry sites, which do not require eIF4G, and (iv) caused a dramatic loss of eIF4G and eIF2α from complexes sedimenting at ∼40 S. These data suggest a specific, direct, and functional interaction of eIF3e with eIF4G during the process of cap-dependent translation initiation, although they do not rule out participation of other eIF3 subunits.
Effects of ageing and physical training on rat skeletal muscle. An experimental study on the properties of collagen, laminin, and fibre types in muscles serving different functions.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of both advancing age and life-long endurance training on the connective tissue and fibre composition of two types of rat skeletal muscle. In particular, additional evidence was sought on age- and training-induced transformations of muscle fibres, and on the significance of intramuscular collagen in muscle functioning. For this purpose a combined study of exercise and ageing throughout the life-span of the experimental animals was constructed. To gain a broad view of muscle responsiveness the muscle fibre types, the estimates of different biochemical and histological properties of collagen as well as of the passive mechanical properties of both a slow (m. soleus = MS) and a fast (m. rectus femoris = MRF) skeletal muscle were determined. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The percentage of type I fibres in MS increased from about 60% in one-month-old rats up to about 90% in the untrained and almost 100% in the trained rats at ages between 4 and 10 months. In adult animals the proportion of type I fibres was significantly higher in the MS of the trained than untrained animals. In the slow area of MRF, the percentage of type IIA fibres increased from a mean value of below 40% in one-month-old rats to above 50% in the untrained and near to 70% in the trained rats at the age of 24 months. Correspondingly, the proportion of type IIB fibres decreased with both age and training. In both types of muscles, there was a tendency towards smaller cross-sectional areas for the predominant fibre type in the trained rats when compared to the untrained rats. Consequently, the long-term endurance training used did not reverse the age-related shift in muscle fibre composition but clearly accelerated the fibre transformation towards more fatigue-resistant muscle fibres with slower contractile speeds. Nevertheless, the slowing due to endurance training is not necessarily deleterious, as different mechanisms may be involved in these age- and training-related alterations. The former appears to involve degenerative changes in the neuromuscular system whereas endurance-type activity could assist in the maintenance of the low-threshold neural activity important for the expression of slow contractile characteristics. 2) The slow postural soleus contained more collagen compared with the fast locomotor rectus femoris muscle. The concentration of total collagen as well as the area-fractions of both endomysium and perimysium were larger in MS than in MRF. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fast and Flexible Selective Harmonic Extraction Methods Based on the Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform

Selective harmonic extraction plays an important role in power quality assessment, harmonic compensation, and so on. Among the various methods, discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based algorithms has found wide and popular applications due to advantages like simplicity and excellent selectively filtering properties. However, DFT suffers from disadvantages like slow dynamics and sensitivity to frequency variations. In order to alleviate these drawbacks, an improved and extended DFT—generalized DFT (GDFT) is proposed. It is revealed in this paper that the conventional DFT can be viewed as a comb filter connected in series with complex resonators, and DFT relies on the mechanism of pole-zero cancellation for harmonic extraction. More importantly, the key reason behind the DFT slow transient responses is the large delay introduced by the comb filter. Therefore, this paper proposed to reconfigure the comb filter according to specific harmonic patterns of the input signal for improving the dynamic responses and system flexibility. The proposed GDFT not only maintains the advantages of simplicity and selectively filtering properties but also features fast transients, around 0.3 fundamental cycle for typical applications, which is much shorter than the one-cycle settling time of the conventional DFT. A phase-locked-loop block is also incorporated into the harmonic-detection system to deal with possibly large frequency variations in practical applications. Extensive tests are provided to validate effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Agaricus bisporus pruA gene encodes a cytosolic delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase which is expressed in fruit bodies but not in gill tissue

A fortuitously cloned 3'-truncated cDNA encoding the Agaricus bisporus delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase was used to characterize the complete gene. The gene would encode a cytosolic polypeptide of 546 amino acids, and the basidiomycetous gene was evenly expressed in various parts of the mushroom except for the gills. No expression was detected in compost-grown mycelium. The steady-state mRNA level of the gene in the vegetative phase was determined on simple synthetic media and was two- to threefold higher with ammonium or proline as the sole nitrogen source compared to glutamate as the sole nitrogen source. Moreover, the steady-state mRNA level was not markedly influenced by addition of ammonium phosphate to proline- or glutamate-utilizing cultures. The results suggest that ammonium and the amino acids proline and glutamate are equally preferred nitrogen sources in this organism and are consistent with previous observations of H. M Kalisz, D.A. Wood, and D. Moore (Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88:221-227, 1987) that A. bisporus continues to degrade protein and secrete ammonium even if ammonium and glucose are present in the culture medium.
Mathematical modeling of composite filter for power quality improvement of Electric Arc Furnace distribution network

Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF) is one of the responsible cause for deteriorating power quality in the distribution network by, introducing harmonics, propagating voltage flicker and causing unbalance in voltages and currents. This paper presents mathematical modeling of composite filter (CF) for power quality improvement of EAF distribution network. The composite filter is consisting of a shunt LC passive filter connected with a lower rated voltage source PWM converter based series active power filter (SAPF). The control strategy adopted for composite filter operation is based on simultaneous detection of source current and load voltage harmonic based on the vectorial theory dual formulation of instantaneous reactive power. A state-space averaging model of a composite filter constructed to analyze its system stability by traditional control strategy taking into account the effect of the time delay. Simulation for a typical EAF distribution network with a composite power filter has been carried out to validate the performance. Simulation results are shown in an attempt to verify the mathematical model of the filter. The simulations have been carried out in MATLAB environment using SIMULINK and power system block set toolboxes.
Selection of treatment modalities for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective analysis of 348 consecutive cases

The objective was to establish the selection criteria for the optimal management modalities for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. We analysed the complications and late outcomes in 348 consecutive cases (132 microsurgical resections, 202 stereotactic radiosurgeries, 8 embolisations only, 6 combined treatments) managed at Yonsei University Hospital from 1988 to 1997. Files for all patients were analysed. The outcome was classified into good for the patients who returned to their previous job with or without neurological deficits, fair for the patients who were unable to return to work but performed daily activities independently with minor deficits, and poor for the patients who were performing dependent daily activities with major deficits. The outcome of microsurgery was considered good in 108 patients (81.8%), fair in 18 (13.6%), poor in 4 (3.1%), and 2 (1.5%) patients died. Initial insults and haemodynamic complications were the major cause of an unfavourable outcome. The cumulative occlusion rate of the nidus after radiosurgery was 10.2% within 12 months, 75.3% within 24 months, and 89.8% within 36 months. Perilesional imaging changes with neurological deficits (4 permanent and 6 transient, 4.8%) and haemorrhage (16 patients, 7.7%) during the latent interval were the major cause of an unfavourable outcome (1 poor, 4 dead after radiosurgery). Postradiosurgery bleeding occurred frequently within 6 months (6 patients), and between 13 and 24 months (8 patients). In conclusion, selection of treatment modality for cerebral AVMs depends on the preoperative evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio in each case. Microsurgical removal, which eliminates the risk of bleeding immediately, is preferred for lesions in non-eloquent areas. Radiosurgery is an effective treatment modality for small lesions in eloquent areas, but has a substantial risk of haemorrhage during the latency period. Results of this study suggest that microsurgical removal should be considered for lesions in eloquent areas with high haemorrhage risk, such as prior haemorrhage, medium to large size lesion, and single deep venous drainage.
Effect of Reordering Internal Messages in MPI Broadcast According to the Load Imbalance

To achieve higher scalability of parallel programs on large scale parallel computers, reducing the time spent for collective communications is one of the most important issue. In this paper, a dynamic optimization method to adjust the implementation of Broadcast operation, one of the most popular collective communications, is introduced.Though there have been many attempts to speed up this operation, they assume that each rank starts this operation at the same time. However, in real execution, the time can be different because of load-imbalance among ranks. This paper first claims that this difference can cause increase of the cost for this operation. Then, as a method to avoid this problem, an optimization method that adjusts the order of point-to-point messages in Broadcast operations is introduced. This method uses the wait time of each rank at the operation to determine the status of load-imbalance.From the results of experiments, it is shown that this optimization method can reduced the time for the operation.In addition to that, it is also shown that the effect of the optimization depends on the size of data to be broadcasted and the amount of load-imbalance.
Isolation of Primary and Immortalized CD34− Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Various Sources

Based on historical radiation experiments in rodents, the hematopoietic stem cell was defined by its biological properties and later by the expression of certain surface antigens (e.g., CD34), as well as the absence of lineage‐specific markers (e.g., DR). Quite recently it was shown that hematopoietic reconstitution can also be achieved by CD34− stem cells, which can be isolated from the bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood cells. CD34− stem cells are considered to be predominately part of the quiescent stem cell pool of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Due to novel techniques, CD34− stem cells can be expanded on the level of a true stem cell but also directed towards their differentiation into specified tissues or organ systems. This requires the establishment of primary fibroblast‐like CD34− stem cells in vitro and their possible reversible and transient immortalization with optimized vector systems.
Interferon- (cid:103) Increases the Sensitivity of Islets of Langerhans for Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Expression Induced by Interleukin 1*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interferon- (cid:103) (IFN- (cid:103) ) alone and in combination with interleukin 1 (cid:98) (IL-1 (cid:98) ) on inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression, nitrite produc- tion, and insulin secretion by islets of Langerhans. Treatment of rat islets with IL-1 (cid:98) results in a concentra-tion-dependent increase in the production of nitrite that is maximal at 5 units/ml. Individually, 0.1 unit/ml IL-1 (cid:98) or 150 units/ml rat IFN- (cid:103) do not stimulate iNOS expression or nitrite production by rat islets; however, in com- bination, these cytokines induce the expression of iNOS and the production of nitrite to levels similar in magni- tude to the individual effects of 5 units/ml IL-1 (cid:98) . The islet (cid:98) -cell, selectively destroyed during insulin-depend-ent diabetes mellitus, appears to be one islet cellular source of iNOS as 150 units/ml rat IFN- (cid:103) and 0.1 unit/ml IL-1 (cid:98) induced similar effects in primary (cid:98) -cells purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and in the rat in- sulinoma cell line, RINm5F. iNOS expression and nitrite production by rat islets in response to 150 units/ml rat IFN- (cid:103) and 0.1 unit/ml IL-1 (cid:98) (cid:98) to determine if human islets respond in a similar manner. In this study we show that IL-1 (cid:98) , at a concentration as low as 1 unit/ml (5.7 p M ), is able to stimulate high levels of nitrite production by human islets in the presence of human IFN- (cid:103) (750 units/ml). We also show that in the presence of 75 units/ml human IFN- (cid:103) , as little as 10 units/ml IL-1 (cid:98) is required to induce a 2-fold increase in the level of nitrite production. These results indicate that IFN- (cid:103) reduces the concentration of IL-1 (cid:98) required to stimulate iNOS expression by human islets in a manner similar to IFN- (cid:103) ’s effects on rat islets.
Human parathyroid hormone (1–34) and (1–84) increase the mechanical strength and thickness of cortical bone in rats

An anabolic effect on bone of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment has been found in patients with osteoporosis and also in experimental animals. Controversies exist, however, about whether the positive effect on the trabecular bone balance occurs at the expense of the cortical bone. We examined the biomechanical quality of cortical bone after intermittent treatment with different doses of PTH and, furthermore, compared the effects of PTH‐(1–34) and PTH‐(1–84). Groups of rats were treated with biosynthetic human PTH‐(1–34) or PTH‐(1–84), 1.1, 3.3, 10, or 30 nmol/kg/day for 30 days. No changes in the body weights and no changes in the lengths of the femora were observed after the PTH treatments. The bio‐mechanical properties were analyzed by means of a materials‐testing machine. A dose‐related increase in the bending strength and stiffness of the femora was found, and this increase in mechanical strength corresponds with a 9–12% increase in the cross‐sectional area of the femoral diaphyses. The deflection capability and energy absorption were not influenced by any of the PTH treatments. No differences were found between the effects of PTH‐(1–34) or PTH‐(1–84) on the biomechanical properties of the femora. Consequently, intermittent treatment with biosynthetic PTH‐(1–34) or PTH‐(1–84) increased the formation of cortical bone, and the biomechanical competence of the femora was found to be preserved.
Semantic Technology for Evidence Exploration and Learning (STEEL)

This paper describes an ontology driven framework for collaborative information analysis and knowledge discovery. The framework, called Semantic Technology for Evidence Exploration and Learning (STEEL), includes a collection of methods and an architecture that implements the method. The framework includes methods for collaborative visual analytics, workflow automation mechanisms, an automation support toolkit, and a semantic natural language processing pipeline. Application examples are described to illustrate the STEEL methods and automation support mechanisms. The main benefits of this research include (i) an improved ability to rapidly gain shared situational awareness through the use of collaborative visual analytics and information integration methods, (ii) significant reductions in information analysts' cognitive loads through the use of adaptive visualization methods, and (iii) a reduction in the time needed to generate decision-enabling information from large, multi-source data.
Preliminary findings from tests of a microwave applicator designed to treat Barrett's oesophagus

Barrett's oesophagus is considered to increase the risk of cancer 30-fold. Helical microwave antennas have been developed for ablative treatment of Barrett's. A microwave balloon applicator was tested in an initial animal study using adult white pigs. For treatment, a balloon filled with tissue-equivalent material encapsulated the antenna. A range of different treatment temperatures and durations was used to investigate a range of thermal ablations of the oesophageal epithelium. Eight animals were investigated, five non-survival and three with a 1-week survival period. The balloon was fitted with an array of temperature sensors, which gave an indication of the treatment in situ and allowed modifications to be performed in real time. Temperature data were recorded from all four quadrants of the balloon throughout and test sites were collected and analysed histologically. All experiments were successfully completed without perforation, serious adverse effects or death. Sites of discrete ulceration were induced in the survival tests, whereas the non-survival tests yielded little reproducible tissue modification. Results suggested that an activation temperature of ∼55 °C needed to be reached during the treatment for tissue damage to be induced. Once damage had been triggered the severity was related to the mean temperature attained during the treatment period. A mean temperature of 52 °C or more resulted in substantial damage, whilst a mean temperature of ∼50 °C resulted in the desired surface damage with sparing of subjacent tissues.
Two‐dimensional lectin affinity electrophoresis of α‐fetoprotein: Characterization of erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin‐dependent microheterogeneity forms

By means of two‐dimensional lectin affinity electrophoresis of human α‐fetoprotein (AFP) from different sources, AFP bands separated with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E‐PHA) were further characterized with other lectins of known oligosaccharide specificities. The results with a cord serum AFP revealed that not only AFP‐P2 (E‐PHA‐nonreactive) but also AFP‐P4 and P5 (E‐PHA‐reactive) had affinities for Concanavalin A (Con A) and Allomyrina dichotoma lectin (allo A), indicating that the cord serum AFP has nonbisected biantennary complex‐type oligosaccharides with the terminal galactose on Man α1 → 6 residue sialylated at the C‐6, but not C‐3, position. On the other hand, the results with a hepatoblastoma (HUH‐6 C1–5 cell line) AFP showed that not only AFP‐P5 but also AFP‐P1 (E‐PHA‐nonreactive) and P3 (E‐PHA‐less reactive) had Con A‐nonreactive AFP and that AFP‐P1 had AFP‐A1 (allo A‐nonreactive) and AFP‐A2 (allo A‐less reactive), and AFP‐P3 and P4 had AFP‐A1s (allo A‐nonreactive), as main components, in addition to the spots of cord serum AFP. Most of the E‐PHA‐dependent bands of AFP were further subdivided with Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA‐A) into LCA‐A‐reactive, weakly reactive and nonreactive spots. Similar results were obtained with AFP preparations from hepatocullular carcinomas and other malignancies, indicating that the bisected bi‐(or tri‐and tetra‐) antennary sugar chains with the exposed terminal galactose of the Man α 1 → 6 arm as well as those with the C‐3 sialylated galactose residues could be expressed in AFP upon malignant transformation. The two‐dimensional lectin affinity electrophoresis thus proves useful for further characterization of lectin‐dependent AFP bands.
Clinical follow‐up after bilateral risk reducing (‘prophylactic’) mastectomy: mental health and body image outcomes

Background: In Manchester, approximately 120 women at ≥1: 4 lifetime risk of breast cancer have considered preventative surgery since 1992. Women treated within the Manchester protocol receive two genetic counselling sessions, a psychological assessment and a surgical consultation pre‐operatively and annual follow‐up post‐operatively. The vast majority of women have breast reconstruction.
Field Effect Resistor, a single-device-at-pad solution for ESD protection in deeply scaled SOI technology

In this paper, the FER is shown to be a possible candidate for ESD protection in deeply scaled SOI technology. It2 of above 50 mA/µm and capacitance below 0.6 fF/µm are achieved. Despite the FER's higher resistivity than SOI diode, its major advantage is the dual-directional current shunting capability, such that ESD protection between I/O pads and power buses can be achieved with a single-device solution at the pad instead of several devices. Therefore, this device expands the conventional ESD design space for trading off parameters such as resistivity, Ileak and capacitance. Results from measurements and TCAD simulations further instantiate the advantages of the FERs in current and future SOI technologies. For future technologies such as ultra-thin-film SOI and FinFET, better gate controllability can be achieved to sustain the inversion regions. Thus, the well doping can be increased to lower the resistivity, making the FER more suitable for I/O protection.