Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perinuclear positioning of the inactive human cystic fibrosis gene depends on CTCF, A‐type lamins and an active histone deacetylase

The nuclear positioning of mammalian genes often correlates with their functional state. For instance, the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene associates with the nuclear periphery in its inactive state, but occupies interior positions when active. It is not understood how nuclear gene positioning is determined. Here, we investigated trichostatin A (TSA)‐induced repositioning of CFTR in order to address molecular mechanisms controlling gene positioning. Treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA induced increased histone acetylation and CFTR repositioning towards the interior within 20 min. When CFTR localized in the nuclear interior (either after TSA treatment or when the gene was active) consistent histone H3 hyperacetylation was observed at a CTCF site close to the CFTR promoter. Knockdown experiments revealed that CTCF was essential for perinuclear CFTR positioning and both, CTCF knockdown as well as TSA treatment had similar and CFTR‐specific effects on radial positioning. Furthermore, knockdown experiments revealed that also A‐type lamins were required for the perinuclear positioning of CFTR. Together, the results showed that CTCF, A‐type lamins and an active HDAC were essential for perinuclear positioning of CFTR and these components acted on a CTCF site adjacent to the CFTR promoter. The results are consistent with the idea that CTCF bound close to the CFTR promoter, A‐type lamins and an active HDAC form a complex at the nuclear periphery, which becomes disrupted upon inhibition of the HDAC, leading to the observed release of CFTR. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2607–2621, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HONO Emissions from Soil Bacteria as a Major Source of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen

From Soil to Sky Trace gases emitted either through the activity of microbial communities or from abiotic reactions in the soil influence atmospheric chemistry. In laboratory column experiments using several soil types, Oswald et al. (p. 1233) showed that soils from arid regions and farmlands can produce substantial quantities of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are the primary source of HONO at comparable levels to NO, thus serving as an important source of reactive nitrogen to the atmosphere. HONO emissions from soil are comparable to those of NO in arid and arable regions. Abiotic release of nitrous acid (HONO) in equilibrium with soil nitrite (NO2–) was suggested as an important contributor to the missing source of atmospheric HONO and hydroxyl radicals (OH). The role of total soil-derived HONO in the biogeochemical and atmospheric nitrogen cycles, however, has remained unknown. In laboratory experiments, we found that for nonacidic soils from arid and arable areas, reactive nitrogen emitted as HONO is comparable with emissions of nitric oxide (NO). We show that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can directly release HONO in quantities larger than expected from the acid-base and Henry’s law equilibria of the aqueous phase in soil. This component of the nitrogen cycle constitutes an additional loss term for fixed nitrogen in soils and a source for reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Evaluation of PPG Biometrics for Authentication in Different States

Amongst all medical biometric traits, Photoplethysmograph (PPG) is the easiest to acquire. PPG records the blood volume change with just combination of Light Emitting Diode and Photodiode from any part of the body. With IoT and smart homes' penetration, PPG recording can easily be integrated with other vital wearable devices. PPG represents peculiarity of hemodynamics and cardiovascular system for each individual. This paper presents nonfiducial method for PPG based biometric authentication. Being a physiological signal, PPG signal alters with physical/mental stress and time. For robustness, these variations cannot be ignored. While, most of the previous works focused only on single session, this paper demonstrates extensive performance evaluation of PPG biometrics against single session data, different emotions, physical exercise and time-lapse using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Direct Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA). When evaluated on different states and datasets, equal error rate (EER) of 0.5%-6% was achieved for 45-60s average training time. Our CWT/DLDA based technique outperformed all other dimensionality reduction techniques and previous works.
LiST-BF Design for Downlink Beamforming with Arbitrary Shaping Constraints

This paper considers the beamforming design for a multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) downlink with an arbitrary number of (context-specific) shaping constraints. In this setup, the state-of-the- art beamforming schemes cannot attain the well-known performance bound promised by the semidefinite program (SDP) relaxation technique. To close the gap, we propose a linear space-time beamforming (LiST-BF) scheme, consisting of a circulant space-time symbol mapper followed by the beamforming design with orthogonality constraints. It is shown that the proposed LiST-BF scheme can perform general rank-$K$ beamforming for user symbols in a low-complexity and structured manner. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the LiST-BF scheme always achieves the SDP bound for linear beamforming schemes. Based on such conditions, an efficient algorithm is then developed to obtain the optimal LiST-BF solution in polynomial time. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enjoys substantial performance gains over the existing alternatives.
Context dependent fuzzy modelling and its applications

Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) use the principle of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic to describe vague and imprecise statements and provide a facility to express the behaviours of the system with a human-understandable language. Fuzzy information, once defined by a fuzzy system, is fixed regardless of the circumstances and therefore makes it very difficult to capture the effect of context on the meaning of the fuzzy terms. While efforts have been made to integrate contextual information into the representation of fuzzy sets, it remains the case that often the context model is very restrictive and/or problem specific. The work reported in this thesis is our attempt to create a practical frame work to integrate contextual information into the representation of fuzzy sets so as to improve the interpretability as well as the accuracy of the fuzzy system. Throughout this thesis, we have looked at the capability of the proposed context dependent fuzzy sets as a stand alone as well as in combination with other methods in various application scenarios ranging from time series forecasting to complicated car racing control systems. In all of the applications, the highly competitive performance nature of our approach has proven its effectiveness and efficiency compared with existing techniques in the literature.
LiNbO3 waveguide quasi‐phase‐matched sum‐frequency generation device for high‐efficiency optical sampling

A LiNbO3 waveguide quasi‐phase‐matched sum‐frequency generation (SFG) device is studied. From the design of the device and a study of the sampling characteristic, it is determined that picosecond optical sampling can be realized at high conversion efficiency. A device 5 mm long with a fan‐shaped polarization inversion grating is fabricated for optical sampling experiments. By using the sampling pulse light with a width of 25 ps obtained by gain‐switching operation of a laser diode, the waveform of the signal light at a wavelength of 1.5 μm is observed. Optical sampling at a normalized SFG conversion efficiency of 43%/W is realized. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 29–36, 2001
Determination of glucose concentration with resonant coplanar microwave sensor

This paper presents the design and characterization of a microwave biosensor based on a circular tapped split ring resonator (CT-SRR) coupled with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line to determine glucose concentration. An aqueous glucose solution was characterized for a concentration ranging from 0 to 0.20 g/mL with steps of 0.04 g/mL in the frequency range from 1.5 to 2.5 GHz. The notch amplitude transmission coefficient S21 values with a variation in the glucose concentration were detected and recorded. The transmission coefficient spectra, linearity and sensitivity of the sensor were analyzed. The results show that the CT-SRR coupled with a CPW transmission line is a good approach for glucose concentration monitoring.
Responses of Vegetation Growth to Climatic Factors in Shule River Basin in Northwest China: A Panel Analysis

The vegetation response to climatic factors is a hot topic in global change research. However, research on vegetation in Shule River Basin, which is a typical arid region in northwest China, is still limited, especially at micro scale. On the basis of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and daily meteorological data, employing panel data models and other mathematical models, the aim of this paper is to reveal the interactive relationship between vegetation variation and climatic factors in Shule River Basin. Results show that there is a widespread greening trend in the whole basin during 2000–2015, and 80.28% of greening areas (areas with vegetation improvement) are distributed over upstream region, but the maximum vegetation variation appears in downstream area. The effects of climate change on NDVI lag about half to one month. The parameters estimated using panel data models indicate that precipitation and accumulated temperature have positive contribution to NDVI. With every 1-mm increase in rainfall, NDVI increases by around 0.223‰ in upstream area and 0.6‰ in downstream area. With every 1-°C increase in accumulated temperature, NDVI increases by around 0.241‰ in upstream area and 0.174‰ in downstream area. Responses of NDVI to climatic factors are more sensitive when these factors are limiting than when they are not limiting. NDVI variation has performance in two seasonal and inter-annual directions, and the range of seasonal change is far more than that of inter-annual change. The inverted U-shaped curve of the variable intercepts reflects the seasonal change. Our results might provide some scientific basis for the comprehensive basin management.
Brain growth.

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Combination of DNS traffic analysis: A design to enhance APT detection

An activity of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is very dynamic. A single detection method will be ineffective. New modus and techniques are being developed rapidly and overcome the effort to acknowledge it. This design proposed a new approach through a combination of previous successful detection method based on DNS traffic analysis altogether, to address today's APT challenges. A preliminary experiment shows promising and better accuracy of APT recognition and faster response.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

Dear Editors, Ulceration constitutes the main complication of necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) and usually occurs after trauma. Ulcerated NL predisposes patients to infections and very rarely is associated with malignant transformation, mainly to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We describe the case of a 68-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with disseminated NL associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), presenting a SCC on an ulcerated plaque of NL located on the left forearm and chronic osteomyelitis of the radius.
Downregulated miR 329 and miR 410 Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Wnt-7 b

microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation contributes widely to human cancer but has not been fully assessed in oral cancers. In this study, we conducted a global microarray analysis of miRNA expression in 40 pairs of betel quid–associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens and their matched nontumorous epithelial counterparts. Eighty-four miRNAs were differentially expressed in the OSCC specimens compared with the matched tissue. Among these downregulated miRNAs, 19 miRNAs were found and mapped to the chromosome 14q32.2 miRNA cluster region, which resides within a parentally imprinted region designated as Dlk-Dio3 and known to be important in development and growth. Bioinformatic analysis predicted two miRNAs from the cluster region, miR329 and miR410, which could potentially target Wnt-7b, an activator of the Wnt–b-catenin pathway, thereby attenuating the Wnt–b-catenin signaling pathway in OSCC. Stable ectopic expression of Wnt-7b in OSCC cells overexpressing miR329 or miR410 restored proliferation and invasion capabilities abolished by these miRNA. Combining a demethylation agent and a histone deacetylase inhibitor was sufficient to reexpress miR329, miR410, andMeg3, consistent with epigenetic regulation of these miRNA in human OSCC. Specifically, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, reduced miR329, miR410, and Meg3 gene expression. Overall, our results provide novel molecular insights into how betel quid contributes to oral carcinogenesis through epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor miRNA that targets Wnt–b-catenin signaling. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7560–72. 2014 AACR.
Association of glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism with the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer

Abstract The conclusions of the published reports on the relationship between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism and the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer are still debated. GSTP1 is one of the important mutant sites reported at present. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GSTP1 and the risk of small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer. The association investigations were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. Ten reports were included into this meta-analysis for the association of GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and small-cell carcinoma of lung cancer. The G allele and GG genotype were not associated with the susceptibility of risk of small-cell carcinoma in overall populations, East-Asians and Turkish population. However, there was an association between GG genotype with the risk of small-cell carcinoma in Caucasians. In conclusion, GG genotype was associated with the risk of small-cell carcinoma in Caucasian patients with lung cancer. However, GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility of small-cell carcinoma in overall populations, East-Asians and Turkish population.
Dancing Letters and Ticks That Buzz around Aimlessly: On the Origin of Crowding

When we see an object, we know where it is. Or do we? Perhaps not in indirect vision, as was observed by the gestalt psychologist Korte in 1923. Objects and object parts appear to ‘dance around’, and these phenomena may underlie a part of what is called the crowding effect today. From Korte's account of pattern recognition in indirect vision, I select two phenomena: A loss of the positional code for letter parts and a loss of the same for whole letters. Using these examples, I present a novel, speculative explanation for a contradiction in the literature: patterns located more peripherally than a target show more interference than do more centrally located patterns, yet for whole-letter confusions the asymmetry is the other way round. The inward, not the outward, flanker is increasingly confused with a target at increasing target eccentricities. I propose that feature-binding decreases with eccentricity such that free-floating letter parts more often intrude from the periphery and whole letters from the centre. I conclude with a few remarks on computational modelling as, hopefully, a challenge to neural computationalists.
Two Domains of the Human bZIP Transcription Factor TCF11 Are Necessary for Transactivation*

TCF11 is a bZIP transcription factor of the CNC subfamily. It has been implicated in the regulation of the antioxidant response and is vital during embryonic development, but its precise biological functions have not yet been fully worked out. Structural characterization of the gene and several of its products indicates that complex regulatory mechanisms are employed. To investigate how altering the structure of the gene products might influence their activity we have mapped functional domains within the protein. We show that two separate domains are required for transactivation by full-length TCF11: an N-terminal acidic domain and a serine-rich stretch adjacent to the CNC-bZIP domains. A naturally occurring shorter isoform (identical to LCR-F1) produced by internal initiation of translation is unable to transactivate in our assay. However, the shorter form could interfere with the transactivating ability of the longer form, which indicates a control mechanism for keeping the activity of TCF11 at a desired level. We show that TCF11 and the closely related CNC-bZIP factor p45 NF-E2 show different cell type-specific activation patterns with full-length TCF11 being active in COS-1 cells but silent in erythroid cells (K562), whereas p45 NF-E2 is active in K562 cells and silent in COS-1 cells. Domain swapping experiments show that cell type-specific activity is not fully determined by dimerization/DNA binding domains or transactivation domains alone. The resulting profile of activity is most likely achieved by interaction of the domains and their cell-specific environment.
Mixed group validation: A method for determining the validity of diagnostic signs without using criterion groups.

To determine whether a sign x distinguishes between X-type individuals and Y-type individuals (Y = not-X), it is necessary to obtain estimates of p(x/X) (the probability an X-type shows sign x) and p(x/Y). The traditional method for determining these probabilities, criterion-group validation, involves observing the incidence of x in one group consisting entirely of X-types and in a second group consisting entirely of Y-types. Here, equations are developed for obtaining these probabilities by observing the incidence of x in any two groups having different, known base rates of X-types. The validation procedure making use of these equations is termed mixed group validation, and it is pointed out that criterion-group validation is a special (limiting) case of mixed group validation. Advantages of mixed group validation are discussed.
The provision of weekend physiotherapy services in tertiary-care hospitals in Canada.

PURPOSE To describe the provision of weekend physiotherapy (PT) services in tertiary-care hospitals in Canada. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted across tertiary-care hospitals, defined as those with university affiliation and at least one intensive care unit (ICU). Data were collected via telephone-administered questionnaires addressing hospital demographics, weekend staffing, workload, and weekend referral criteria. RESULTS A response rate of 84% (n=36) was obtained. Of facilities providing weekend PT services (97%), 35 (100%) provided care on Saturdays, 32 (91%) on Sundays, and 33 (94%) on statutory holidays. Weekend services were staffed using permanent full-time (n=35; 100%) or part-time (n=28; 80%) in-patient staff or outsourced staff (n=1; 3%). The number of physiotherapists available on the weekend was smaller than the number available during the week (p<0.001). Common weekend referral criteria included cardiorespiratory problems (n=35; 100%), postoperative assessment of patients at risk for deterioration (n=32; 91%), and patients scheduled for discharge pending PT assessment (n=30; 86%). CONCLUSION Both the scope and the number of staff available to provide PT services were less on the weekend than during the week. Despite the use of common criteria for weekend referral, variability in this service exists. Knowledge pertaining to current weekend PT services provides opportunities for harmonization of service delivery.
Blind Separation of Exponential Polynomials and the Decomposition of a Tensor in Rank-(Lr, Lr, 1) Terms

We present a new necessary and sufficient condition for essential uniqueness of the decomposition of a third-order tensor in rank-$(L_r,L_r,1)$ terms. We derive a new deterministic technique for blind signal separation that relies on this decomposition. The method assumes that the signals can be modeled as linear combinations of exponentials or, more generally, as exponential polynomials. The results are illustrated by means of numerical experiments.
Risk factors for patients with diabetes who have abnormal toe-brachial index and normal ankle-brachial index

Abstract Aim To investigate the association of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI) with metabolic parameters and the risk factors causing a divergence between ABI and TBI in patients with diabetes. Methods Outpatients who were simultaneously examined for both ABI and TBI were included. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association of ABI and TBI with metabolic parameters. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the risk factors causing a divergence between ABI and TBI. Results Of the 307 patients that were enrolled, 77 had normal ABI but decreased TBI. ABI was inversely associated with plasma glucose and triglycerides and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, TBI was inversely associated with the duration of diabetes, plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c. Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history and a history of cardiovascular disease were associated with an increased risk of the divergence between ABI and TBI. Conclusion Our findings suggest that smoking history and a history of cardiovascular disease are important risk factors in patients with diabetes who had normal ABI but decreased TBI. Patients with multiple vascular complications are at a high risk of coexisting peripheral artery disease, even if their ABI is normal.