Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous FIFO Interfaces for GALS On-Chip Switched Networks

In this paper we present a novel design approach that combines the advantages of on-chip switched networks (OCSNs) and the globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) design methodology using the mechanism of asynchronous FIFO buffers. Our proposed two GALS OCSN models were synthesized with 0. 25μm Chip Express structured ASIC library. Comparative simulations were performed for these two platforms using three different mixed-clock test scenarios to show functional verification. Performance results are given.
Genetic Analysis of the Capsular Biosynthetic Locus from All 90 Pneumococcal Serotypes

Several major invasive bacterial pathogens are encapsulated. Expression of a polysaccharide capsule is essential for survival in the blood, and thus for virulence, but also is a target for host antibodies and the basis for effective vaccines. Encapsulated species typically exhibit antigenic variation and express one of a number of immunochemically distinct capsular polysaccharides that define serotypes. We provide the sequences of the capsular biosynthetic genes of all 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and relate these to the known polysaccharide structures and patterns of immunological reactivity of typing sera, thereby providing the most complete understanding of the genetics and origins of bacterial polysaccharide diversity, laying the foundations for molecular serotyping. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a complete repertoire of capsular biosynthetic genes has been available, enabling a holistic analysis of a bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis system. Remarkably, the total size of alternative coding DNA at this one locus exceeds 1.8 Mbp, almost equivalent to the entire S. pneumoniae chromosomal complement.
Metabolic changes with fatigue in different types of single muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis.

1. Peak isometric force of single fast (type 1) and slow (type 3) muscle fibres of Xenopus decreased when fibres were stimulated intermittently above their predicted sustainable duty cycle at 20 degrees C. Type 1 fibres could be fatigued to zero force. In most type 3 fibres force did not decrease below 50% of the original (P0) before activation failure, as indicated by irregular contractions. 2. Fibres were rapidly frozen at different force levels and analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for ATP, IMP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr). Lactate was determined enzymatically in type 1 fibres only. The relationships between force and PCr, and between force and ATP during fatigue were, apart from the range of values obtained, the same for both fibre types. When force had fallen to about 60‐80% of original, PCr was fully reduced. At lower force levels, the ATP content‐decreased, and a concomitant rise of IMP content was found. At zero force, ATP had fallen to about 25% of its value in rested type 1 fibres, and up to 200 mumol lactate (g dry weight)‐1 had accumulated. 3. Recovery from fatigue was studied in fibres where force had fallen to 0.6 P0 (both fibre types) and 0.2 P0 (type 1 only). After 1 h of recovery ATP had in all cases returned to the level measured in rested fibres. In fibres fatigued to 0.6 P0, force almost returned to its original value. However, in type 1 fibres fatigued to 0.2 P0, it returned to only 0.3 P0. After 1 h of recovery the PCr/Cr ratio in type 1 fibres was lower (probability, P less than 0.05) than in control fibres, whereas in type 3 fibres it was not significantly different from controls. 4. The relationship between peak force and stimulus frequency, which had a sigmoid shape in fully rested fibres, was drastically changed by fatiguing stimulation. Immediately after fatiguing stimulation of type 1 fibres, force hardly increased with stimulus frequency, corresponding to the observation that calcium efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was decreased at high stimulus frequencies. The force‐frequency relationship of type 3 fibres was the same before and after intermittent stimulation.
ZONE BASED JOB SCHEDULING IN MOBILE GRID ENVIRONMENT

Recent advances in mobile computing, and strong interest of the scientific community in the Grid have led to research into the Mobile Grid. One primary issue associated with the efficient and effective utilization of mobile resources in a mobile grid is scheduling of tasks. In this paper, a task scheduling algorithm is proposed based on the dynamic prediction of resource mobility and battery power in the mobile grid environment. The mobility is predicted based on the movement type, movement pattern and movement direction of the mobile resource within the zone. The battery power is predicted based the C-rate of the mobile resource. The availability prediction of a mobile resource is evaluated during the task submission and this allows the system to consider run-time parameters prior to execution. The evaluation study employs a number of experiments with various simulation settings. The simulation results point to the efficacy of the proposed work.
MirrorFlow: Exploiting Symmetries in Joint Optical Flow and Occlusion Estimation

Optical flow estimation is one of the most studied problems in computer vision, yet recent benchmark datasets continue to reveal problem areas of today’s approaches. Occlusions have remained one of the key challenges. In this paper, we propose a symmetric optical flow method to address the well-known chicken-and-egg relation between optical flow and occlusions. In contrast to many state-ofthe- art methods that consider occlusions as outliers, possibly filtered out during post-processing, we highlight the importance of joint occlusion reasoning in the optimization and show how to utilize occlusion as an important cue for estimating optical flow. The key feature of our model is to fully exploit the symmetry properties that characterize optical flow and occlusions in the two consecutive images. Specifically through utilizing forward-backward consistency and occlusion-disocclusion symmetry in the energy, our model jointly estimates optical flow in both forward and backward direction, as well as consistent occlusion maps in both views. We demonstrate significant performance benefits on standard benchmarks, especially from the occlusiondisocclusion symmetry. On the challenging KITTI dataset we report the most accurate two-frame results to date.
The Quest for Invisibility: Female Entrepreneurs and the Masculine Norm of Entrepreneurship

The emphasis in research on female entrepreneurship remains focused on the impact of gender on women's experience of business ownership, often demonstrated through comparisons of male and female entrepreneurs. By contrast, this article explores the differences and divisions between women business owners who are silent about gender issues and those who are not. The main data drawn on in the article are e-mails conducted through a web-based entrepreneurial network set up to promote and support women in business, supplemented with interview material derived from an interview study of 19 women business owners. By considering the way in which some women business owners not only treat entrepreneurship as gender-neutral, but also seek to conceal its gendered nature, we can see how some female entrepreneurs are trying to avoid being identified as different from the masculine norm of entrepreneurship.
Socioeconomic and Geographic Inequalities of Internet Addiction in Korean Adolescents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the social economic and geographic influences on Internet addiction in Korean youth using the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Middle and high school students (n=73,238) were randomly selected from the respondents to a web-based survey using two-stage stratified complex sampling. A Geographical Information System was used to generate a Korean map of the level of Internet addiction for each province and complex sampling lower case logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between social economic status (SES) and Internet addiction. Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsang-namdo provinces have a higher total scores of Internet addiction. There were associations between Internet addiction and low SES (OR=1.504, 95% CI 1.156-1.956, p<0.01). There may need to be at multilevel approach which recognizes the different levels of need in provinces as well as trying to understand why the differences arise at an individual level.
Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review

The class of materials combining high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility is crucial for the development of many future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Silver nanowire networks show very promising results and represent a viable alternative to the commonly used, scarce and brittle indium tin oxide. The science and technology research of such networks are reviewed to provide a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of this nanowire-based material while opening attractive new applications.
Statistical analysis of Likert data on attitudes

Researchers interested in measuring people's underlying attitudes towards an object (e.g., abortion) often collect Likert data by administering a survey. Likert data consist of surveyees' responses to statements about the object, where responses fall into ordered categories running from 'Strongly agree' to 'Strongly disagree' or into a 'Don't Know / Can't Choose' category. Two examples of Likert data are used for illustrative purposes. The first dataset was collected by the author from American and British graduate students at Oxford University and contains items measuring underlying abortion attitudes. The second dataset was taken from British and American responses to the 1995 National Identity Survey (NIS) and contains items measuring underlying national pride and immigration attitudes. A model for Likert data and underlying attitudes is introduced. This model is more principled than existing models. It treats people's underlying attitudes as latent variables, and it specifies a relationship between underlying attitudes and responses that is consistent with attitudinal research. Further, the formal probability model for responses allows people's interpretation of the response categories to differ. The model is fitted by maximising an appropriate likelihood. Variants of the model are used to analyse Likert data in three contexts; in each, the method using our model compares favourably to existing methods. First, the model is used to visualise the structure underlying the abortion attitude data. This method of visualization produces more sensible plots than analogous multivariate data visualization methods. Second, the model is used to select the statements whose responses (in the abortion attitude data) best reflect underlying abortion attitudes. Our method of statement selection more closely adheres to attitude researchers' stated aims than popular methods based on sample correlations. Third, the model is used to investigate how underlying national pride varies with nationality in the NIS data and also how underlying abortion attitude varies with gender, religious status, and nationality in the abortion attitude data. Unlike methods currently used by social scientists to model the relationship between attitudes and covariates, our method controls for the effects of differing response category interpretation. As a result, inferences about group differences in underlying attitudes are more robust to group differences in response category interpretation.
Family and Cultural Influences on Low-Income Latino Children's Adjustment

This study examined family and cultural influences on adjustment among 90 low-income Latino middle school children (46% girls; average age = 11.38, SD = .66) and their primary caregivers (93% female; average age = 36.12, SD = 6.13). All participants identified as Hispanic/Latino, with 75% of families identifying as Mexican-origin Latino, and 77% of parents and 32% of children identifying as immigrants. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that family reframing interacted with familism, with high levels of both associated with fewer psychological symptoms, whereas passive appraisal is linked to worse functioning. Results are discussed with regard to the implications of this research for preventive interventions with families in poverty.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Cytomegalovirus Towne-BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) Isolate Maintained in Escherichia coli for 10 Years and Then Serially Passaged in Human Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a cytomegalovirus, the Towne-BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) isolate, which was maintained in bacterial cells for 10 years and then serially passaged in human fibroblasts for 10 passages. A total of 132 nucleotide differences were discovered in the Towne sequence compared to the reference sequence (GenBank accession no. AC146851).
Is interference like noise when you know its codebook?

We consider a point to point communication system facing interference from other systems, with a particular focus on the case when this interference is undecodable. It is well known that when the interference is non-interactive, we can certainly treat it as additional noise at the receiver and thereby achieve certain rates. This paper asks whether any higher rates could be achieved by exploiting knowledge of the interferer's codebook. The main contribution of this paper is to study the converse: if the interference is undecodable, then we cannot do better than treating it as additional noise. This is proved for almost all interference codebooks when viewed under the random Gaussian codebook measure. When the interference signal is strong enough to be decodable, then codebook knowledge can be exploited at our receiver to allow higher rates to be achieved by appropriately structuring our own codebooks. Finally, we give an example of an interference codebook that cannot be completely decoded, but whose knowledge is still useful. However, this interference codebook is bad from the perspective of the interferer's own communication system. This leads us to conjecture that when the interference signal is undecodable, the only interference codebooks worth knowing are those that are not worth using from the interfering system's point of view
New Ways of Exploring God-talk Based on Empirical Evidence

It only takes a brief look at the etymological roots of the word theology to state the obvious: theology has to face linguistic questions. To what extent is human language capable of speaking of a reality that is believed to be radically transcendent? And vice versa: how can we imagine this transcendent entity to let us know of its existence? Does God address us in human terms? Though Christian theologians have for a long time resisted adopting the Greek philosophical label of theology for what they were doing, they have always been concerned with this fundamental linguistic problem.
Sertoli and granulosa cell‐specific Cre recombinase activity in transgenic mice

We have established transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene promoter. Cre activity and specificity were evaluated by different means. In AMH‐Cre mice, expression of the Cre recombinase mRNA was confined to the testis and ovary. AMH‐Cre mice were crossed with reporter transgenic lines and the offspring exhibited Cre‐mediated recombination only in the testis and the ovary. In male, histochemical analysis indicated that recombination occured in every Sertoli cells. In female, Cre‐mediated recombination was restricted to granulosa cells, but the protein was not evenly active in every cells. From these results, we conclude that potentially, this transgenic line possessing AMH promoter‐driven expression of the Cre recombinase is a powerful tool to delete genes in Sertoli cells only, in order to study Sertoli cell gene function during mammalian spermatogenesis. genesis 33:114–118, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
pH-induced microtubule-dependent redistribution of late endosomes in neuronal and epithelial cells

The interaction between late endocytic structures and microtubules in polarized cells was studied using a procedure previously shown to cause microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes in fibroblasts and macrophages (Heuser, J. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:855-864). In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, low cytoplasmic pH caused cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor-enriched structures to move out of the cell body and into the processes. In filter grown MDCK cells lowering the cytosolic pH to approximately 6.5 caused late endosomes to move to the base of the cell and this process was shown to be microtubule dependent. Alkalinization caused a shift in distribution towards the apical pole of the cell. The results are consistent with low pH causing the redistribution of late endosomes towards the plus ends of the microtubules. In MDCK cells the microtubules orientated vertically in the cell may play a role in this process. The shape changes that accompanied the redistribution of the late endosomes in MDCK cells were examined by electron microscopy. On low pH treatment fragmentation of the late endosomes was observed whereas after microtubule depolymerization individual late endosomal structures appeared to fuse together. The late endosomes of the MDCK cell appear to be highly pleomorphic and dependent on microtubules for their form and distribution in the cell.
Fabricated childhoods: uncanny encounters with the more-than-human

ABSTRACT This article is based on uncanny encounters with Julia deVille's exhibit, Phantasmagoria. Inspired by Deleuzian-informed research practices, the author experiments with provoking practices to defy dominant developmental notions of childhood. This article reworks a humanist ontology by bringing together the discursive, the material, the human, and the more-than-human through the interweaving of provocations and encounters. Enacting an experimental and performative methodology, the reader's movement through the article mimics the journey through an exhibition and the storm of thought and feeling that art can provoke. These provocations set into motion meanings about childhood that sit outside of developmentalism and are rarely entertained in the field of early childhood education.
SUPER: towards real-time event recognition in internet videos

Event recognition in unconstrained Internet videos has great potential in many applications. State-of-the-art systems usually include modules that need extensive computation, such as the extraction of spatial-temporal interest points, which poses a big challenge for large-scale video processing. This paper presents SUPER, a Speeded UP Event Recognition framework for efficient Internet video analysis. We take a multimodal baseline that has produced strong performance on popular benchmarks, and systematically evaluate each component in terms of both computational cost and contribution to recognition accuracy. We show that, by choosing suitable features, classifiers, and fusion strategies, recognition speed can be greatly improved with minor performance degradation. In addition, we also evaluate how many visual and audio frames are needed for event recognition in Internet videos, a question left unanswered in the literature. Results on a rigorously designed dataset indicate that similar recognition accuracy can be attained using only 14 frames per video on average. We also observe that, different from the visual channel, the soundtracks contains little redundant information for video event recognition. Integrating all the findings, our suggested SUPER framework is 220-fold faster than the baseline approach with merely 3.8% drop in recognition accuracy. It classifies an 80-second video sequence using models of 20 classes in just 4.56 seconds.
Deception and Convergence of Opinions Part 2: the Effects of Reproducibility

Recently Martins (Martins 2005) published an article in this journal analyzing the opinion dynamics of a neutral observer deciding between two competing scientific theories (Theory A and Theory B). The observer could not perform any experiments to verify either theory, but instead had to form its opinion solely by reading published articles reporting the experimental results of others. The observer was assumed to be rational (modeled with simple Bayesian rules) and the article examined how the observer's confidence in the correctness of the two theories changed as a function of number of articles read in support of each theory, and how much, if any, deception was believed to be present in the published articles. A key (and somewhat disturbing) result of this work was that for even relatively small amounts of perceived deception in the source articles, the observer could never be reasonably sure of which theory (A or B) was correct, even in the limit of the observer reading an infinite number of such articles. In this work we make a small extension to the Martins article by examining what happens when the observer only considers experimental results which have been reproduced by multiple parties. We find that even if the observer only requires that the articles he or she reads be verified by one additional party, its confidence in one of the two theories can converge to unity, regardless of the amount of amount of deception believed to be present in the source articles.
A 1,200-year perspective of 21st century drought in southwestern North America

A key feature of anticipated 21st century droughts in Southwest North America is the concurrence of elevated temperatures and increased aridity. Instrumental records and paleoclimatic evidence for past prolonged drought in the Southwest that coincide with elevated temperatures can be assessed to provide insights on temperature-drought relations and to develop worst-case scenarios for the future. In particular, during the medieval period, ∼AD 900–1300, the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than all but the most recent decades. Paleoclimatic and model data indicate increased temperatures in western North America of approximately 1 °C over the long-term mean. This was a period of extensive and persistent aridity over western North America. Paleoclimatic evidence suggests drought in the mid-12th century far exceeded the severity, duration, and extent of subsequent droughts. The driest decade of this drought was anomalously warm, though not as warm as the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The convergence of prolonged warming and arid conditions suggests the mid-12th century may serve as a conservative analogue for severe droughts that might occur in the future. The severity, extent, and persistence of the 12th century drought that occurred under natural climate variability, have important implications for water resource management. The causes of past and future drought will not be identical but warm droughts, inferred from paleoclimatic records, demonstrate the plausibility of extensive, severe droughts, provide a long-term perspective on the ongoing drought conditions in the Southwest, and suggest the need for regional sustainability planning for the future.