Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wear of Steel in Combined Rolling and Sliding

An experimental laboratory investigation of the wear of railroad rail and car wheel materials has shown that increasing the hardness of rails will reduce rail wear but will increase wheel wear. Similarly, harder wheels will reduce wheel wear, but at the expense of increased rail wear. Decreasing relative humidity will substantially increase wear of both materials and will accentuate differential hardness effects. A theory is developed which explains the humidity effects on wear in terms of cyclic plasticity. The increased friction at low humidity brings the subsurface plastic zone to the surface. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/ASLE Lubrication Conference in San Francisco, California, August 18–21, 1980.
Improving Dependency Parsers using Combinatory Categorial Grammar

Subcategorization information is a useful feature in dependency parsing. In this paper, we explore a method of incorporating this information via Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) categories from a supertagger. We experiment with two popular dependency parsers (Malt and MST) for two languages: English and Hindi. For both languages, CCG categories improve the overall accuracy of both parsers by around 0.3-0.5% in all experiments. For both parsers, we see larger improvements specifically on dependencies at which they are known to be weak: long distance dependencies for Malt, and verbal arguments for MST. The result is particularly interesting in the case of the fast greedy parser (Malt), since improving its accuracy without significantly compromising speed is relevant for large scale applications such as parsing the web.
Theophylline for prevention of kidney dysfunction in neonates with severe asphyxia.

INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested theophylline for prevention of kidney dysfunction in asphyxia. This study was designed to determine whether theophylline could prevent or ameliorate kidney dysfunction in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assigned 36 severely asphyxiated term infants (Apgar score < or =5) into 2 groups to receive intravenously a single dose of either theophylline (5mg/kg; n =17) or placebo (n =19) during their first 60 minutes of life. The 24-hour fluid intake and the urine volumes were recorded during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of life. Severe kidney dysfunction was defined as a serum creatinine level elevated up to more than 1.50 mg/dL for at least 2 consecutive days after a fluid challenge, or 0.3-mg/dL/d rising levels of serum creatinine. RESULTS On the 1st day, the 24-hour fluid balance was more positive in infants receiving placebo compared to infants receiving theophylline. Over the next few days, the change in fluid balance favored the theophylline group. Significantly higher serum creatinine values were recorded in the placebo group on the 3rd day. Severe kidney dysfunction was present in 2 infants of the theophylline group (11.7. %) and in 8 (42.1%) of the controls. The glomerular filtration rate was markedly increased in the theophylline group. There was no difference in the severity of the asphyxia between the infants of the theophylline and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic theophylline, given early after birth, has beneficial effects on reducing kidney dysfunction in neonates with asphyxia.
High levels of oxidized LDL in circulating immune complexes are associated with increased odds of developing abnormal albuminuria in Type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) immune complexes (IC) have proinflammatory properties and play a role in albuminuria development. METHODS We measured oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-LDL in IC isolated from sera of Type 1 diabetic subjects followed for 14-20 years and studied their association with abnormal albuminuria. Patients with albumin excretion rates (AER)<40 mg/24 h at baseline and follow-up (n=302) were deemed resistant to developing abnormal albuminuria. Patients with AER<40 mg/24 h at baseline whose AER levels progressed to >40 mg/24 h were considered prone to abnormal albuminuria (n=185), those who progress to AER>299 mg/24 h were considered as having macroalbuminuria (n=57). The odds of developing abnormal albuminuria were estimated by logistic regression based on natural log-transformed levels of oxLDL and AGE-LDL in IC and stratified by baseline AER decile. RESULTS OxLDL and AGE-LDL were significantly higher in IC isolated from patients progressing to abnormal albuminuria. In unadjusted conditional logistic analysis, an increase of 1 SD in oxLDL and AGE-LDL levels in IC significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for development of macroalbuminuria, respectively, by a factor of 2.5 and 1.8 (P<0.001, P=0.008). The increased odds of developing macroalbuminuria remained significant when adjusted for treatment group, diabetes duration, retinopathy, baseline hemoglobin A1c and LDL (OR=2.5 and 1.8, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Higher levels of oxLDL and AGE-LDL in circulating IC were associated with increased odds to develop abnormal albuminuria.
Analytical placement: a linear or a quadratic objective function?

This paper addresses the problem of cell placement which is considered crucial for layout quality. Based on the combined analytical and partitioning strategy successfully applied in the GORDIAN placement tool, we discuss the consequences of using linear or quadratic objective functions. By joining the linear objective with an efficient quadratic programming approach, and by applying a refined iterative partitioning scheme, we obtain placements of excellent quality. The effect of a quadratic and a linear objective function on the chip area after final routing is demonstrated for benchmark circuits and other circuits with up to 21 000 cells.
Fixed-time regulation control of uncertain nonholonomic systems and its applications

ABSTRACT Stabilisation of nonholonomic systems is of great practical importance to the industry. Moreover, fixed-time control is more comfortable than finite-time control since the upper bound of the settling time is independent on the initial system states in a fixed-time control issue and therefore can be estimated in advance. Inspired by the aforementioned two points, we consider the fixed-time stabilisation for a kind of uncertain nonholonomic systems subject to perturbations in this paper. A globally fixed-time stabilisation strategy is proposed by taking advantage of adding one power integrator technique and switching ideal. Under the designed controllers, all states can be regulated to zero before a fixed time and kept zero afterwards. As an application, the fixed-time stabilisation for a class of dynamic nonholonomic systems is also addressed by the combined method of adding one power integrator and terminal sliding-mode control. Three mechanical and academic examples are provided to show the flexibility and effectiveness of the assumptions and control algorithms.
The Epidemiology of Lateral Ligament Complex Ankle Sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports

Background: Ankle sprains are a common injury in collegiate sports. Few studies have examined the epidemiology of individual ligament injuries, specifically the lateral ligament complex (LLC) of the ankle. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology, including the estimated yearly national incidence, of LLC sprains among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance data for 25 sports from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) for the academic years 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 were used for analysis. All injuries included for analysis had a diagnosis of an LLC sprain. LLC sprain rates and rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. From the sample, national estimates of the annual incidence of LLC sprains across the entire student-athlete body from these 25 sports were also calculated. Results: During the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 academic years, 2429 LLC sprains were reported, for a rate of 4.95 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). LLC sprains comprised 7.3% of all reported collegiate sports injuries in the NCAA-ISP. Also, an estimated 16,022 LLC sprains occurred annually among the 25 sports. The sports with the highest LLC sprain rates were men’s basketball (11.96/10,000 AEs) and women’s basketball (9.50/10,000 AEs). Most LLC sprains occurred during practices (57.3%); however, the LLC sprain rate was higher in competitions than in practices (RR, 3.29; 95% CI, 3.03-3.56). Also, 11.9% of LLC sprains were identified as recurrent injuries, with the largest proportions of recurrent LLC sprains being found within women’s basketball (21.1%), women’s outdoor track (21.1%), women’s field hockey (20.0%), and men’s basketball (19.1%). In 44.4% of LLC sprains, the athlete returned to play in less than 24 hours; in 3.6%, the athlete required more than 21 days before returning to play (including those who did not return to play at all). Conclusion: LLC sprains were the most commonly reported injury diagnosis among United States collegiate student-athletes. Continued examination of interventions that aim to reduce the incidence, severity, and recurrence of LLC sprains, specifically in women, is warranted.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus anthracis Larissa, Associated with a Case of Cutaneous Anthrax in Greece

ABSTRACT We report the genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis strain Larissa, isolated from a diseased sheep associated with a human case of cutaneous anthrax in Central Greece from 2012. Genome sequence analysis of strain Larissa may aid in describing phylogenetic relationships of B. anthracis isolates in Southeastern European countries.
Characterizing Transactional Memory Consistency Conditions Using Observational Refinement

Transactional memory (TM) facilitates the development of concurrent applications by letting a programmer designate certain code blocks as atomic. The common approach to stating TM correctness is through a consistency condition that restricts the possible TM executions. Unfortunately, existing consistency conditions fall short of formalizing the intuitive semantics of atomic blocks through which programmers use a TM. To close this gap, we formalize programmer expectations as observational refinement between TM implementations. This states that properties of a program using a concrete TM implementation can be established by analyzing its behavior with an abstract TM, serving as a specification of the concrete one. We show that a variant of Transactional Memory Specification (TMS), a TM consistency condition, is equivalent to observational refinement for a programming language where local variables are rolled back upon a transaction abort. We thereby establish that TMS is the weakest acceptable condition for this case. We then propose a new consistency condition, called Strong Transactional Memory Specification (STMS), and show that it is equivalent to observational refinement for a language where local variables are not rolled back upon aborts. Finally, we show that under certain natural assumptions on TM implementations, STMS is equivalent to a variant of a well-known condition of opacity. Our results suggest a new approach to evaluating TM consistency conditions and enable TM implementors and language designers to make better-informed decisions.
Gaussian mixture model-signature quadratic form distance based point set registration

Point set registration is a long addressed problem in lots of pattern recognition tasks. This paper presents a robust point set registration algorithm based on optimization of distance between two probability distributions. A major problem encountered in the point to point algorithms is the definition of correspondence between two point sets. This paper follows the idea of some probability based point set registration methods and the point set is represented as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Through optimizing distance between the two GMMs, the rigid transformation (rotation and translation) between two point sets will be obtained while averting the trouble of finding correspondence. Previous studies used L2 distance, KL distance, etc. to measure similarity between two GMMs, the problem therein is the robustness to noise and outliers, especially when the covariance matrix is large or there exists local minimum. So in this work, the signature quadratic form distance is derived for the distribution similarity measurement. The contribution of this paper is as follows. First, we derive the signature quadratic form distance for GMMs similarity measurement. Second, the signature quadratic form distance is adopted to the point set registration algorithm. And performance of the proposed method compared with some existing widely used point set registration algorithms is also presented. Experimental results show precision and robustness of this algorithm. The results also demonstrate this algorithm outperforms some state-of-the-art point set registration algorithms in terms of noise, outliers, partial structures and misalignment initialization, etc.
Aurafx: A Simple And Flexible Approach To Interactive Audio Effect-Based Composition And Performance

An interactive sound processor is an important tool for just about any modern composer. Performers and composers use interactive computer systems to process sound from live instruments. In many cases, audio processing could be handled using off-the-shelf signal processors. However, most composers favor a system that is more open-ended and extensible. Programmable systems are open-ended, but they leave many details to the composer, including graphical control interfaces, mixing and cross-fade automation, saving and restoring parameter settings, and sequencing through configurations of effects. Our work attempts to establish an architecture that provides these facilities without programming. It factors the problem into a framework, providing common elements for all compositions, and custom modules, extending the framework with unique effects and signal processing capabilities. Although we believe the architecture could be supported by many audio programming systems, we have created a particular instantiation (AuraFX) of the architecture using the Aura system.
Non-monotone submodular maximization under matroid and knapsack constraints

Submodular function maximization is a central problem in combinatorial optimization, generalizing many important problems including Max Cut in directed/undirected graphs and in hypergraphs, certain constraint satisfaction problems, maximum entropy sampling, and maximum facility location problems. Unlike submodular minimization, submodular maximization is NP-hard. In this paper, we give the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for maximizing any non-negative submodular function subject to multiple matroid or knapsack constraints. We emphasize that our results are for non-monotone submodular functions. In particular, for any constant k, we present a (1/k+2+1/k+ε)-approximation for the submodular maximization problem under k matroid constraints, and a (1/5-ε)-approximation algorithm for this problem subject to k knapsack constraints (ε>0 is any constant). We improve the approximation guarantee of our algorithm to 1/k+1+{1/k-1}+ε for k≥2 partition matroid constraints. This idea also gives a ({1/k+ε)-approximation for maximizing a monotone submodular function subject to k≥2 partition matroids, which improves over the previously best known guarantee of 1/k+1.
Predicting Learnt Clauses Quality in Modern SAT Solvers

Beside impressive progresses made by SAT solvers over the last ten years, only few works tried to understand why Conflict Directed Clause Learning algorithms (CDCL) are so strong and efficient on most industrial applications. We report in this work a key observation of CDCL solvers behavior on this family of benchmarks and explain it by an unsuspected side effect of their particular Clause Learning scheme. This new paradigm allows us to solve an important, still open, question: How to designing a fast, static, accurate, and predictive measure of new learnt clauses pertinence. Our paper is followed by empirical evidences that show how our new learning scheme improves state-of-the art results by an order of magnitude on both SAT and UNSAT industrial problems.
Improving Tree-to-Tree Translation with Packed Forests

Current tree-to-tree models suffer from parsing errors as they usually use only 1-best parses for rule extraction and decoding. We instead propose a forest-based tree-to-tree model that uses packed forests. The model is based on a probabilistic synchronous tree substitution grammar (STSG), which can be learned from aligned forest pairs automatically. The decoder finds ways of decomposing trees in the source forest into elementary trees using the source projection of STSG while building target forest in parallel. Comparable to the state-of-the-art phrase-based system Moses, using packed forests in tree-to-tree translation results in a significant absolute improvement of 3.6 BLEU points over using 1-best trees.
Prodigy Planning Algorithm

We present a formal description of the planning algorithm used in the Prodigy4.0 system. The algorithm is based on an interesting combination of backward-chaining planning and simulation of plan execution. The backward-chainer selects goal-relevant operators, and then Prodigy simulates their application to the current state of the world. The system can use different backward-chaining procedures, some of which are presented in the paper.
Management of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity.

Case 1: A 34-year-old previously healthy male office manager was admitted with acute onset of heaviness, pain, and functional impairment of his right arm. The arm was cyanotic and massively swollen (Figure 1). For the past weeks, he reported transient paresthesia of his right arm during overhead activities and was unable to perform repetitive or strenuous arm exercise. He had a fracture of the right clavicle after a ski accident 5 years previously. The fracture was managed conservatively. There was no personal or family history of thrombosis. Conventional phlebography confirmed axillary and subclavian vein thrombosis (Figure 2, top), and treatment with intravenous unfractionated heparin was started. Figure 1. Clinical presentation of case 1 with massive swelling and cyanosis of the right arm (left). One day after pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, signs of thrombosis have markedly improved (right). Figure 2. Baseline digital subtraction venogram from case 1 with extensive filling defects in the axillary subclavian veins (top). Control venogram after 15 hours of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy confirmed resolution of filling defects and restored venous flow (middle). Positional venography obtained during abduction of the right arm confirmed the venous thoracic outlet syndrome with residual stenosis of the subclavian vein at the costoclavicular junction (white arrow, bottom). Case 2: A 55-year-old man with lung cancer presented with swelling, heaviness, and pain in his left arm 1 week after completion of chemotherapy administered via a left-sided indwelling central venous catheter. Axillary and subclavian vein thrombosis was confirmed by ultrasonography. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was initiated, and the catheter was removed 3 days later because it was no longer functional. At 1 week, pain and functional impairment had not improved, and the circumference of the left upper arm had increased by 2 cm. Case 3: A 65-year-old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer presented with swelling of the face and both arms, headache, …
WASTE IN THE EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

This paper addresses the incidence of material waste in the Egyptian Construction Industry. Construction material waste has proved to have a negative effect on the national economy and the environment. To evaluate the current practices, an in-depth study aiming to identify and quantify waste generation rates and their causes was conducted. A waste diagnostic survey was carried out on a sample of 35 top contractors. The contractors’ selection was based on their size of capital and experience according to the classification of the Egyptian Union for Building and Construction Contractors. The survey focused on the waste rates and causes of the most dominant materials influencing the projects’ costs. The study indicated that among the most fundamental causes of material waste were “Late information”, and “Changes to design”. A comparison between the local materials waste values in the Egyptian Industry and recently published international values was also carried out. This article is part of a Ph.D. thesis currently underway by the first author and supervised by the other two authors.
Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging and histologic findings by bone biopsy in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

To attest the validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the pathophysiology in nontraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head, we attempted to correlate the different MRI patterns with the histology in cases of early stages. We used not only the T1 and T2 pulse sequences, but also the T1 sequence after gadolinium-DTPA to demonstrate the presence of vascularization. Studying 24 core biopsies from 16 hips (9 patients), we explored the MRI presentations that corresponded to the main histologic findings of the different trabecular bone and bone marrow conditions. Histologic findings including trabecular bone necrosis and bone marrow necrosis represented by amorphous eosinophilic debris presented a low T1 signal intensity without enhancement after intravenous gadolinium injection and a low T2 signal intensity. Trabecular bone necrosis associated with mummified fat cells presented a normal T1 and T2 signal intensity. Trabecular bone necrosis with fibrosis filling the intertrabecular spaces had a low T1 signal intensity that was enhanced by gadolinium and had an intermediate T2 signal intensity. Bands of fibrosis without trabecular bone as seen in fracture zones showed a low T1 signal intensity that was enhanced by gadolinium with a high T2 signal intensity. Thickened trabecular bone with fibrosis as found in creeping substitution areas had also a low T1 signal enhanced by gadolinium, but the T2 signal intensity was low. Farther from the necrotic area, despite normal trabecular bone, we found some patchy necrosis of the bone marrow without any modification of the normal T1 and T2 MRI patterns. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
: Tagging Network Flows using Blind Fingerprints

Flow fingerprinting is a mechanism for linking obfuscated network flows at large scale. In this paper, we introduce the first blind flow fingerprinting system called TagIt. Our system works by modulating fingerprint signals into the timing patterns of network flows through slightly delaying packets into secret time intervals only known to the fingerprinting parties. We design TagIt to to enable reliable fingerprint extraction by legitimate fingerprinting parties despite natural network noise, but invisible to an adversary who does not possess the secret fingerprinting key. TagIt makes use of randomization to resist various detection attacks such as multi-flow attacks. We evaluate the performance and invisibility of TagIt through theoretical analysis as well as simulations and experimentation on live network flows.