Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MPI1, an essential gene encoding a mitochondrial membrane protein, is possibly involved in protein import into yeast mitochondria.

To identify components of the mitochondrial protein import pathway in yeast, we have adopted a positive selection procedure for isolating mutants disturbed in protein import. We have cloned and sequenced a gene, termed MPI1, that can rescue the genetic defect of one group of these mutants. MPI1 encodes a hydrophilic 48.8 kDa protein that is essential for cell viability. Mpi1p is a low abundance and constitutively expressed mitochondrial protein. Mpi1p is synthesized with a characteristic mitochondrial targeting sequence at its amino‐terminus, which is most probably proteolytically removed during import. It is a membrane protein, oriented with its carboxy‐terminus facing the intermembrane space. In cells depleted of Mpi1p activity, import of the precursor proteins that we tested thus far, is arrested. We speculate that the Mpi1 protein is a component of a proteinaceous import channel for translocation of precursor proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Labor Tax Harmonization in a Multi-Country Model

Labor tax rates are considerably heterogeneous across European countries. In this paper, we investigate the effects of a hypothetical policy experiment in which the tax rates levied on labor are harmonized in the member countries of the euro area. Using a four-country DSGE model, we find that shifts in domestic tax rates are the main driver of the total outcome of the policy change while spillover effects are rather limited in the long run. The short-run adjustment process is rather complicated: a country which gains in the long run may temporarily go through a period of dampened economic activity. In terms of volatility, the euro area with its homogenous labor tax system may be better prepared to face common area-wide shocks. On the other hand, shocks originating outside the euro area may increase volatility in the euro area.
Neurological presentation of Wilson's disease in a patient after liver transplantation

We report of a 32‐year‐old man who showed dystonic symptoms within few days after liver transplantation (LT). The clinical, biochemical, and, finally, genetic evaluation confirmed Wilson's disease diagnosis in this patient. We suspect that extrapyramidal signs in this case could be a result of acute brain injury because of the massive copper release from liver to the circulation just before and during LT. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
DC electric field distribution in planar dielectric in the presence of space charge

Electric field in a dielectric material under dc conditions is determined by conductivity of the material. It is well known that the dc conductivity is a function of both temperature and electric field. This is generally not serious issue for a thinner planar sample as the temperature gradient is not great and the applied field is uniform across the sample. However, in the presence of space charge, electric field will be modified. As a result, the conductivity varies with the position, leading to change in electric field distribution. In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of electric field considering the effect of space charge. Space charge distributions were obtained from low density polyethylene (LDPE) and crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) subjected to high dc voltage. Homocharge was formed in LDPE while heterocharge in XLPE. Electric field obtained from simulation has been compared with that without considering conductivity effect. It has been found that electric field retains its general shape. However, the maximum field has been significantly modified.
Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: an alternative outcome analysis.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a post hoc investigation of the utility of a single composite measure of treatment outcome for the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) at 14 months postbaseline. BACKGROUND Examination of multiple measures one at a time in the main MTA intent-to-treat outcome analyses failed to detect a statistically significant advantage of combined treatment (Comb) over medication management (MedMgt). A measure that increases power and precision using a single outcome score may be a useful alternative to multiple outcome measures. METHOD Factor analysis of baseline scores yielded two "source factors" (parent and teacher) and one "instrument factor" (parent-child interactions). A composite score was created from the average of standardized parent and teacher measures. RESULTS The composite was internally consistent (alpha = .83), reliable (test-retest over 3 months = 0.86), and correlated 0.61 with clinician global judgments. In an intent-to-treat analysis, Comb was statistically significantly better than all other treatments, with effect sizes ranging from small (0.28) versus MedMgt, to moderately large (0.70) versus a community comparison group. CONCLUSIONS A composite of ADHD variables may be an important tool in future treatment trials with ADHD and may avoid some of the statistical limitations of multiple measures.
A General Approach for Identification of RNA-Protein Cross-linking Sites within Native Human Spliceosomal Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)

We describe a novel approach to identify RNA-protein cross-linking sites within native small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles from HeLa cells. It combines immunoprecipitation of the UV-irradiated particles under semi-denaturing conditions with primer extension analysis of the cross-linked RNA moiety. In a feasibility study, we initially identified the exact cross-linking sites of the U1 70-kDa (70K) protein in stem-loop I of U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) within purified U1 snRNPs and then confirmed the results by a large-scale preparation that allowed N-terminal sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of purified cross-linked peptide-oligonucleotide complexes. We identified Tyr112 and Leu175 within the RNA-binding domain of the U1 70K protein to be cross-linked to G28 and U30 in stem-loop I, respectively. We further applied our immunoprecipitation approach to HeLa U5 snRNP, as part of purified 25 S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNPs. Cross-linking sites between the U5-specific 220-kDa protein (human homologue of Prp8p) and the U5 snRNA were located at multiple nucleotides within the highly conserved loop 1 and at one site in internal loop 1 of U5 snRNA. The cross-linking of four adjacent nucleotides indicates an extended interaction surface between loop 1 and the 220-kDa protein. In summary, our approach provides a rapid method for identification of RNA-protein contact sites within native snRNP particles as well as other ribonucleoprotein particles.
Modeling and analysis of core losses of an IPM machine for online estimation purposes

Online estimation of losses is important to improve control, operation and monitoring of electrical machines. This paper focuses on investigation of iron losses using a magnetic circuit model for its accuracy and adaptability to online estimation purposes. A customized magnetic circuit of an IPM machine is proposed that captures slotting, non linearity, cross saturation and localized effect of flux bridges. A technique is presented to compute the alternating stator and rotor flux from the static magnetic circuit. The required computations are reduced introducing pseudo mmf sources that avoid solving magnetic circuit at several rotational steps. The stator and rotor core losses are found corresponding to each harmonic component of alternating flux density. The results are validated with Finite Element analysis with good correlation.
Weighing Health Benefit and Health Risk Information when Consuming Sport‐Caught Fish

Fish consumers may incur benefits and risks from eating fish. Health advisories issued by states, tribes, and other entities typically include advice about how to limit fish consumption or change other behaviors (e.g., fish cleaning or cooking) to reduce health risks from exposure to contaminants. Eating fish, however, may provide health benefits. Risk communicators and fish consumers have suggested the importance of including risk comparison information, as well as health risk‐benefit comparisons in health advisory communications. To improve understanding about how anglers fishing in waters affected by health advisories may respond to such risk‐risk or risk‐benefit information, we surveyed Lake Ontario (NY, USA) anglers. We interviewed by telephone 4,750 anglers, 2,593 of which had fished Lake Ontario in the past 12 months and were sent a detailed mail questionnaire (1,245 responded). We posed questions varying the magnitude of health risks and health benefits to be gained by fish consumption, and varied the population affected by these risks and benefits (anglers, children, women of childbearing age, and unborn children). Respondents were influenced by health benefit and health risk information. When risks were high, most respondents would eat less fish regardless of the benefit level. When risks were low, the magnitude of change in fish consumption was related to level of benefit. Responses differed depending on the question wording order, that is, whether “risks” were posed before “benefits. ” For a given risk‐benefit level, respondents would give different advice to women of childbearing age versus children, with more conservative advice (eat less fish) provided to women of childbearing age. Respondents appeared to be influenced more strongly by risk‐risk comparisons (e.g., risks from other foods vs. risks from fish) than by risk‐benefit comparisons (e.g., risks from fish vs. benefits from fish). Risk analysts and risk communicators should improve efforts to include risk‐risk and risk‐benefit comparisons in communication efforts, and to clarify to whom the health risks and benefits from fish consumption may accrue.
Cortisol Awakening Response, Internalizing Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction in Emerging Adults

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been associated with depression and a broader range of internalizing problems. Emerging adulthood is characterized by numerous stressful transitional life events. Furthermore, the functioning of the neurobiological stress system changes across development. These considerations underscore the importance of evaluating the physiological stress system in emerging adults in identifying the extent to which cortisol levels vary with risk and protective factors for mental health. The present study evaluated the association between internalizing symptoms and perceived life satisfaction with CAR in 32 young adults. Three saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels upon awakening and participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results show a significant positive correlation between area under the curve for CAR with internalizing symptoms (DASS total) and the DASS-depression subscale, but not with life satisfaction. Study limitations, implications, and future directions for these finding were discussed.
Strong Influence of Aerosol Reductions on Future Heatwaves

Using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble experiments, we investigate future heatwaves under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, separating the relative roles of greenhouse gas increases and aerosol reductions. We show that there will be more severe heatwaves (in terms of intensity, duration, and frequency) due to mean warming, with minor contributions from future temperature variability changes. While these changes come primarily from greenhouse gas increases, aerosol reductions contribute significantly over the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, per degree of global warming, aerosol reductions induce a significantly stronger response in heatwave metrics relative to greenhouse gas increases. The stronger response to aerosols is associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions, which are still poorly understood and constrained in current climate models. This suggests that there may exist large uncertainties in future heatwave projections, highlighting the critical significance of reducing uncertainties in aerosol‐cloud interactions for reliable projection of climate extremes and effective risk management.
On measuring the privacy of anonymized data in multiparty network data sharing

This paper aims to find a practical way of quantitatively representing the privacy of network data. A method of quantifying the privacy of network data anonymization based on similarity distance and entropy in the scenario involving multiparty network data sharing with Trusted Third Party (TTP) is proposed. Simulations are then conducted using network data from different sources, and show that the measurement indicators defined in this paper can adequately quantify the privacy of the network. In particular, it can indicate the effect of the auxiliary information of the adversary on privacy.
Monoamine and Tissue Fluid Levels in Contused Spinal Cord of Sheep

Methods are described for the determination of sheep spinal cord tissue fluid content and norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine concentrations after experimental injury. The amount of tissue fluid varied in different regions of sheep spinal cord following injury. Norepinephrine and serotonin wet weight concentrations were corrected for this variation in tissue fluid. Corrected norepinephrine wet weight cord concentrations did not change up to 3 hr after injury. Levels of serotonin at 60 min after injury were similar to controls. Dopamine was not detected in sheep spinal cord. α‐Methyl tyrosine significantly reduced fluid in the spinal cord at 75 min after injury. Hinwood B. G. et al. Monoamine and tissue fluid levels in contused spinal cord of sheep. J. Neurochem.35, 786–791 (1980).
Real-time sono-elastography in the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases.

AIM To analyze whether computer-enhanced dynamic analysis of elastography movies is able to better characterize and differentiate between different degrees of liver fibrosis. METHODS The study design was prospective. A total of 132 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases and healthy volunteers were examined by transabdominal ultrasound elastography. All examinations were done by two doctors. RESULTS Due to the limitations of the method, we obtained high-quality elastography information in only 73.48% of the patients. The kappa-means clustering method was applied to assess the inter-observer diagnosis variability, which showed good variability values in accordance with the experience of ultrasound examination of every observer. Cohen's kappa test indicated a moderate agreement between the study observers (kappa = 0.4728). Furthermore, we compared the way the two observers clustered the patients, using the test for comparing two proportions (t value, two-sided test). There was no statistically significant difference between the two physicians, regardless of the patients' real status. CONCLUSION Transabdominal real-time elastography is certainly a very useful method in depicting liver hardness, although it is incompletely tested in large multicenter studies.
Automated Detection and Rectification of Defects in Fluid-Based Packaging using Machine Vision

Packaging is one of the most important aspects in the food industry. The problems faced during packaging can classified into two categories, defects in the packaging before the substrate is filled and after the substrate is filled. There are methods to determine the defects in the food containers after the food has been packed by means of measuring the phenomenon caused by the defects such as use of moisture sensor for detecting any leaking or the use of pH indicators. But these methods, although cost effective, slows down the plant as well as increases the risk of damaging the system. In this paper, we have implemented a defect detection and rectification system using image processing on tin cans to check for any irregularities apart from the ones that are intended to be on it. The decision-making capability is provided by a classifier neural network. The case study takes up the problems faced in coconut oil industry. A similar set up can be used after the package to detect if any defect is present. For other fluids such as soft drinks and other drinks a pH indicator can be used for detecting defects.
Serotonin (5‐HT) transporter (SERT) function after graded destruction of serotonergic neurons

The degree of occupancy of the serotonin transporter (SERT) by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) appears to be critical in determining therapeutic response. To gain insight into the extent of occupancy required to alter serotonergic neurotransmission we used high‐speed chronoamperometry to determine the extent of serotonergic destruction required to reduce the clearance of exogenously administered serotonin from extracellular fluid in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Rats were pretreated with various doses of 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine to produce either a low, intermediate or high loss of SERTs. Clearance of 5‐HT was reduced only in rats with > 90% loss of SERT. In these rats, there was also a trend for peak signal amplitudes to be greater. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the sham group and those with low or intermediate loss of SERTs. The SSRI, fluvoxamine, prolonged clearance of 5‐HT in sham, low and intermediate groups, whereas there was no effect of fluvoxamine in those rats with > 90% loss of SERT. Functional loss of SERT activity occurs when destruction of serotonergic innervation is greater than 90% but serotonin clearance and efficacy of fluvoxamine is maintained with as few as one fifth of a full complement of SERTs.
Keystone predation and molecules of keystone significance.

Keystone species structure ecological communities and are major determinants of biodiversity. A synthesis of research on keystone species is nonetheless missing a critical component - the sensory mechanisms for behavioral interactions that determine population- and community-wide attributes. Here, we establish the chemosensory basis for keystone predation by sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) on mussels. This consumer-resource interaction is prototypic of top-down driven trophic cascades. Each mussel species (Mytilus californianus and M. galloprovincialis) secretes a glycoprotein orthologue (29.6 and 28.1 kDa, respectively) that acts, singularly, to evoke the sea star predatory response. The orthologues (named "KEYSTONEin") are localized in the epidermis, extrapallial fluid, and organic shell coating (periostracum) of live, intact mussels. Thus, KEYSTONEin contacts chemosensory receptors on tube feet as sea stars crawl over rocky surfaces in search of prey. The complete nucleotide sequences reveal that KEYSTONEin shares 87% (M. californianus) or 98% (M. galloprovincialis) homology with a calcium-binding protein in the shell matrix of a closely related congener, M. edulis. All three molecules cluster tightly within the Complement Component 1 Domain Containing (C1qDC) protein family; each exhibits a large globular domain, low complexity region(s), coiled coil, and at least four of five histidine-aspartic acid tandem motifs. Collective results support the hypothesis that KEYSTONEin evolved ancestrally in immunological, and later, in biomineralization roles. More recently, the substance has become exploited by sea stars as a contact cue for prey recognition. As the first identified compound to evoke keystone predation, KEYSTONEin provides valuable sensory information, promotes biodiversity, and shapes community structure and function. Without this molecule, there would be no predation by sea stars on mussels.
High School Science Teacher Induction in Texas: Implications for Policy

High School Science Teacher Induction in Texas: Implications for Policy. (December 2009) Toni Ann Ivey, B.S.; M. Ed., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Carol L. Stuessy Texas public high schools induct beginning science teachers each year; yet, little is known about how schools induct beginning teachers. The three studies included in this dissertation use a mixed methods approach to explore data collected by the Policy Research Initiative in Science Education (PRISE) Research Group during the 2007-2008 academic year. The first study focused on principals‘ perceptions of teacher induction. A content analysis of interviews collected from 50 principals examined principals‘ perceptions of teacher induction. Analyses indicated that high school principals had an overwhelmingly narrow focus of mentoring and provided mentor teachers with little support or training. Findings indicated that induction activities for beginning teachers were front-loaded before the school year began and were left in the hands of unprepared mentors during the school year. Further analyses indicated that the primary purpose of mentoring and induction for beginning teachers in Texas high schools revolved around orientation to campus policies and procedures. Beginning teachers‘ instructional needs appeared to be an afterthought. The second study explored beginning high school science teachers‘ evaluations of their induction experiences. Beginning teachers identified the best school-level induction supports received and recommended improvements for school-level induction. Teachers identified mentoring as one of the best received supports, yet also made recommendations for more structure in the mentoring experience. A comparison of beginning teachers‘ responses with teacher turnover found that: (a) Stayers (i.e., teachers
Altered DMN functional connectivity and regional homogeneity in partial epilepsy patients: a seventy cases study

Purpose Clinically diagnosed partial epilepsy is hard to be functionally diagnosed by regular electroencephalograph (EEG) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By collecting transient brain regional signals, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) function MRI (BOLD-fMRI) can provide brain function change information with high accuracy. By using resting state BOLD-fMRI technique, we aim to investigate the changes of brain function in partial epilepsy patients. Methods BOLD-fMRI scanning was performed in 70 partial epilepsy and 70 healthy people. BOLD-fMRI data was analyzed by using the Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) method and functional connectivity of Default Mode Network (DMN) methods. The abnormal brain functional connectivity in partial epilepsy patients was detected by Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) analysis. Results Compared to healthy group, epilepsy patients showed significant decreased ReHo in left inferior parietal lobule/pre- and post-central gyrus, right thalamus/paracentral lobule/Cerebellum anterior and posterior Lobe, bilateral insula. The DMN functional connectivity regions decreased significantly in right uncus, left Inferior parietal lobule, left supramarginal gyrus, left uncus, left parahippocampa gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus, in epilepsy patients, compared to healthy controls. Significance This study clarified that both ReHo and functional connectivity of DMN decreased in partial epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls. While left inferior parietal lobule was detected in both ReHo and DMN, many other identified regions were different by using these two BOLD-fMRI techniques. We propose that both ReHo and DMN patterns in BOLD-fMRI may suggest networks responsible for partial epilepsy genesis or progression.