Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMRITA_CEN @ FIRE 2015: Extracting Entities for Social Media Texts in Indian Languages

This contemporary work is done as a slice of the shared task on Entity Extraction from Social Media Text Indian Languages in Forum for Information Retrieval and Evaluation (FIRE2015). Nowadays people are extensively using social media platforms like Face book, Twitter, etc, to exchange their thoughts. The twitter messages are growing rapidly and their style and short nature present a new challenge in language technology field. This extensive amount of textual data is also increases the interest in Information Extraction (IE) on such textual data. Named entity extraction is one of the essential tasks in Information Extraction, aims to extract and classify entities from text. The performance of the present standard language processing tools is severely affected on Tweet messages. Hence, different improvised and nonimprovised algorithms are necessary for extracting these entities from the informal text. This paper deals with the extracting the Named Entities from twitter messages of four Indian Languages. The extraction of the Named entity relies mainly on the domain specific features and conventional features. A well known supervised algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to extracting the entities. CCS Concepts • Theory of computation~Support vector machines • Computing methodologies~Natural language processing • Information systems~Information extraction • Human-centered computing~Social tagging systems
A Graphical View of Distance Between Rankings: The Point and Area Measures

In Information Retrieval (IR), measuring the distance between rankings is a way for comparing evaluation measures and assess system rankings. In this paper, we present a variation of the Spearman foot rule which allows us to define two measures that have nice analytical and geometrical properties that can be effectively used to compare different rankings and to evaluate IR experiments. A Web application that shows how these measures behave from the graphical point of view is available at: https://gmdn.shinyapps. io/ShinyPointArea/
New Sharpness Features for Image Type Classification Based on Textual Information

Achieving good recognition results from a single method for text lines in video/natural scene images captured by high resolution cameras or low resolution mobile cameras, and images in web pages, is often hard. In this paper, we propose new sharpness based features of textual portion of each input text line image using HSI color space for the classification of an input image into one of the four classes (video, scene, mobile or born digital). This helps in choosing an appropriate method based on the class type of the input text for its improved recognition rate. For a given input text line image, the proposed method obtains H, S and I images. Then Canny edge images are obtained for H, S and I spaces, which results in text candidates. We perform sliding window operation over the text candidate image of each text line of each color space to estimate new sharpness by calculating stroke width and gradient information. The sharpness values of the text lines of the three color spaces are then fed to k-means clustering with maximum, minimum and average guesses, which results in three respective clusters. The mean of each cluster for respective color spaces outputs a feature vector having nine feature values for image classification with the help of an SVM classifier. Experimental results on standard datasets, namely, ICDAR 2013, ICDAR 2015 video, ICDAR 2015 natural scene data, ICDAR 2013 born digital data and the images captured by a mobile camera (our own data) show that the proposed classification method helps in improving recognition results.
Real-time control of 3D facial animation

Facial animation is useful in human-machine interaction, computer games and teleconferences. We propose a realtime performance-driven facial animation system for ordinary users. The system enables a user to animate an avatar by performing desired facial motions in front of a video camera. First, a constrained local model based approach is used to track facial features of a performer in the video. To increase the tracking accuracy, we propose an efficient method to build a user-specific local texture model. Next, a 3D blendshape face model is fitted to the tracked feature points. To improve the expressiveness of synthesized animations, facial expression recognition results and pre-recorded animation priors are incorporated into the fitting procedure. Finally, facial animations are created using blendshape interpolation. Experiments show that the synthetic facial motions are realistic and quite similar to the facial actions of the performer. By using an ordinary camera, our system provides the user complete control over the generated facial animations.
Sketching and Neural Networks

High-dimensional sparse data present computational and statistical challenges for supervised learning. We propose compact linear sketches for reducing the dimensionality of the input, followed by a single layer neural network. We show that any sparse polynomial function can be computed, on nearly all sparse binary vectors, by a single layer neural network that takes a compact sketch of the vector as input. Consequently, when a set of sparse binary vectors is approximately separable using a sparse polynomial, there exists a single-layer neural network that takes a short sketch as input and correctly classifies nearly all the points. Previous work has proposed using sketches to reduce dimensionality while preserving the hypothesis class. However, the sketch size has an exponential dependence on the degree in the case of polynomial classifiers. In stark contrast, our approach of using improper learning, using a larger hypothesis class allows the sketch size to have a logarithmic dependence on the degree. Even in the linear case, our approach allows us to improve on the pesky $O({1}/{{\gamma}^2})$ dependence of random projections, on the margin $\gamma$. We empirically show that our approach leads to more compact neural networks than related methods such as feature hashing at equal or better performance.
A Personalization Layer for Mediation Systems

Mediation systems allow integration of disparate and heterogeneous data sources. Unfortunately, with the increasing number of integrated sources, especially in the context of web, mediator’s responses time increases considerably while the answers are not adapted to users profiles. In this paper, we present a personalization layer that makes the mediation system more sensitive to user’s preferences. The layer sits between the user and the mediation system. It captures the user profile and performs a smart source selection according to user’s interests and quality preferences. Selection is based on similarity measurement between users and sources models. Our solution for personalizing data source selection provides the mediator with a set of relevant data sources. These are then involved in the rewriting process to give more satisfying response.
RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY ANALYSIS FOR A JET FUEL TANK CORROSION RECERTIFICATION OPERATION

Aviation Turbine Kerosene (ATK) or jet fuel is stored in stainless steel tanks or in epoxy coated tanks to prevent contamination through reaction with the tank sheets. Epoxy coated tanks overtime may develop cracks and coating defects which exposes the jet fuel to the steel surface. This is not optimal and it is an aberration to global best practices. Coating defects are corrected after surface preparation through blasting, and grit blasting is one of the common methods. Grit blasting is a hot work that may generate sparks which can be ignited by jet fuel fumes. In the oil and gas industry, personnel are moved via choppers to and from oil platforms and rigs, and this requires ready availability of jet fuel in storage tanks on oil platforms. Jet fuel tank repairs and recertification on offshore facilities where flammable crude oil and gas vapours may be present, coupled with jet fuel fumes is a high risk operation. This study presents a detailed job safety analysis and risk assessment that identifies potential hazards and the necessary safeguards and controls needed to safely manage tank recertification on offshore facilities toward preventing explosion and accidents.
Tissue Distribution of Murine Muc19/Smgc Gene Products

The recently identified gene Muc19/Smgc encodes two diverse splice variants, Smgc (submandibular gland protein C) and Muc19 (mucin 19). Muc19 is a member of the large gel-forming mucin family and is an exocrine product of sublingual mucous salivary glands in mice. SMGC is a transiently expressed secretion product of developing rodent sub-mandibular and sublingual glands. Little is known about the expression of Muc19/Smgc gene products in other murine salivary and non-salivary tissues containing the mucous cell phenotype. Muc19 expression was therefore initially assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. As a complementary approach, we developed a knockin mouse model, Muc19-EGFP, in which mice express a fusion protein containing the first 69 residues of Muc19 followed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a marker of Muc19 expression. Results from both approaches are consistent, with preferential Muc19 expression in salivary major and minor mucous glands as well as submucosal glands of the tracheolarynx and bulbourethral glands. Evidence also indicates that individual mucous cells of minor salivary and bulbourethral glands produce another gel-forming mucin in addition to Muc19. We further find tissue expression of full-length Smgc transcripts, which encode for SMGC, and are restricted to neonatal tracheolarynx and all salivary tissues.
Oceanic islands are not sinks of biodiversity in spore-producing plants

Islands have traditionally been considered as migratory and evolutionary dead ends for two main reasons: island colonizers are typically assumed to lose their dispersal power, and continental back colonization has been regarded as unlikely because of niche preemption. The hypothesis that islands might actually represent dynamic refugia and migratory stepping stones for species that are effective dispersers, and in particular, for spore-producing plants, is formally tested here, using the archipelagos of the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira, as a model. Population genetic analyses based on nuclear microsatellite variation indicate that dispersal ability of the moss Platyhypnidium riparioides does not decrease in the island setting. The analyses further show that, unlike island populations, mainland (southwestern Europe and North Africa) populations underwent a severe bottleneck during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Our results thus refute the traditional view of islands as the end of the colonization road and point to a different perception of North Atlantic archipelagos as major sources of biodiversity for the postglacial recolonization of Europe by spore-producing plants.
Short 42 degrees C heat shock induces phosphorylation and degradation of Cdc25A which depends on p38MAPK, Chk2 and 14.3.3.

The effects of heat shock (HS; 42 degrees C) on the cell cycle and underlying molecular mechanisms are astonishingly unexplored. Here, we show that HS caused rapid Cdc25A degradation and a reduction of cell cycle progression. Cdc25A degradation depended on Ser75-Cdc25A phosphorylation caused by p38MAPK and Chk2, which phosphorylated Ser177-Cdc25A that is specific for 14.3. 3 binding. Upon HS, Cdc25A rapidly co-localized with 14.3. 3 in the perinuclear space that was accompanied with a decrease of nuclear Cdc25A protein levels. Consistently, a 14.3. 3 binding-deficient Cdc25A double mutant (Ser177/Ala-Tyr507/Ala) was not degraded in response to HS and there was no evidence for an increased co-localization of Cdc25A with 14.3. 3 in the cytosol. Therefore, upon HS, p38, Chk2 and 14.3. 3 were antagonists of Cdc25A stability. On the other hand, Cdc25A was protected by Hsp90 in HEK293 cells because the specific inhibition of Hsp90 with Geldanamycin caused Cdc25A degradation in HEK293 implicating that Cdc25A is an Hsp90 client. Specific inhibition of Hsp90 together with HS caused and accelerated degradation of Cdc25A and was highly cytotoxic. The results presented here show for the first time that Cdc25A is degraded by moderate heat shock and protected by Hsp90. We describe the mechanisms explaining HS-induced cell cycle retardation and provide a rationale for a targeted hyperthermia cancer therapy.
Bulk gravitons from a cosmological brane

We investigate the emission of gravitons by a cosmological brane into an Anti de Sitter five-dimensional bulk spacetime. We focus on the distribution of gravitons in the bulk and the associated production of `dark radiation' in this process. In order to evaluate precisely the amount of dark radiation in the late low-energy regime, corresponding to standard cosmology, we study numerically the emission, propagation and bouncing off the brane of bulk gravitons.
Inadequate investment on management of diabetes education

Aims: Reforming and improving the patient education process need more insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the existing education process. There is little documentation on patient education in National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program in Iran, so the present study aimed to describe patient education process in diabetes centers in one of the provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis. Twelve nurses who work as diabetes nurse educators (DNEs) and an internal medicine specialist participated in this study. Data was obtained through semi-structured face-to-face interviews, a focus group, existing documents, field notes, and multiple observations. Data analysis was guided by the conventional approach of qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main themes including unequipped trainers (insufficient knowledge and experience, lack of appropriate educational facilities, lack of time, lack of patient's interest), unstructured education (lack of educational need assessment, lack of evaluation, lack of continuing patient education), unmanaged education (lack of official planning for patient education and supervising the education process) emerged from qualitative content analysis. Conclusions: Although patient education is one of the important strategies in National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, there however has not been necessary investment and adequate space to achieve it. Patient education was not structured and based on scientific principles. Training of diabetes nurse educators (DNEs) is neglected, and there is no supervision on patient education process.
Online Balance Controllers for a Hopping and Running Humanoid Robot

This paper describes online balance controllers for running in a humanoid robot and verifies the validity of the proposed controllers via experiments. To realize running in the humanoid robot, the overall control structure is composed of an offline controller and an online controller. The main purpose of the online controller is to maintain dynamic stability while the humanoid robot hops or runs. The online controller is composed of the posture balance control in the sagittal plane, the transient balance control in the frontal plane and the swing ankle pitch compensator in the sagittal plane. The posture balance controller makes the robot maintain balance using an inertial measurement unit sensor in the sagittal plane. The transient balance controller makes the robot keep its balance in the frontal plane using gyros attached to each upper leg. The swing ankle pitch compensator prevents the swing foot from hitting the ground at unexpected times while the robot runs forward. HUBO2 was used for the running experiment. It was designed for the running experiment, and is lighter and more powerful than the previous walking robot platform, HUBO. With the proposed controllers, HUBO2 ran forward stably at a maximum speed of 3.24 km/h and this result verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, in order to show the contribution of the stability, the running performance according to the existence of each controller was described by experiment.
Coiled-coil destabilizing residues in the group A Streptococcus M1 protein are required for functional interaction

Significance M proteins are major virulence factors of the widespread bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus. The sequences of M proteins are antigenically variable, but have in common the tendency to form α-helical coiled coil structures. Paradoxically, these same sequences also contain a substantial number of amino acids that destabilize coiled coils. We present an explanation for this paradox in finding that destabilizing residues are essential for conformational dynamics in the M protein, and that these dynamics are required for interaction with human fibrinogen. Our work leads to the general conclusion that destabilizing residues are conserved through evolution in M proteins to enable functional interactions that are necessary for pathogenesis. The sequences of M proteins, the major surface-associated virulence factors of the widespread bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus, are antigenically variable but have in common a strong propensity to form coiled coils. Paradoxically, these sequences are also replete with coiled-coil destabilizing residues. These features are evident in the irregular coiled-coil structure and thermal instability of M proteins. We present an explanation for this paradox through studies of the B repeats of the medically important M1 protein. The B repeats are required for interaction of M1 with fibrinogen (Fg) and consequent proinflammatory activation. The B repeats sample multiple conformations, including intrinsically disordered, dissociated, as well as two alternate coiled-coil conformations: a Fg-nonbinding register 1 and a Fg-binding register 2. Stabilization of M1 in the Fg-nonbinding register 1 resulted in attenuation of Fg binding as expected, but counterintuitively, so did stabilization in the Fg-binding register 2. Strikingly, these register-stabilized M1 proteins gained the ability to bind Fg when they were destabilized by a chaotrope. These results indicate that M1 stability is antithetical to Fg interaction and that M1 conformational dynamics, as specified by destabilizing residues, are essential for interaction. A “capture-and-collapse” model of association accounts for these observations, in which M1 captures Fg through a dynamic conformation and then collapses into a register 2-coiled coil as a result of stabilization provided by binding energy. Our results support the general conclusion that destabilizing residues are evolutionarily conserved in M proteins to enable functional interactions necessary for pathogenesis.
Importance of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Control of Infection by Bacillus anthracis

ABSTRACT The spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, has achieved notoriety due to its use as a bioterror agent. In the environment, B. anthracis exists as a dormant endospore. Upon infection, germination of endospores occurs during their internalization within the phagocyte, and the ability to survive exposure to antibacterial killing mechanisms, such as O2·−, NO·, and H2O2, is a key initial event in the infective process. Macrophages generate NO· from the oxidative metabolism of l-arginine, using an isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS 2). Exposure of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) to B. anthracis endospores up-regulated the expression of NOS 2 12 h after exposure, and production of NO· was comparable to that achieved following other bacterial infections. Spore-killing assays demonstrated a NO·-dependent bactericidal response that was significantly decreased in the presence of the NOS 2 inhibitor l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine and in l-arginine-depleted media. Interestingly, we also found that B. anthracis bacilli and endospores exhibited arginase activity, possibly competing with host NOS 2 for its substrate, l-arginine. As macrophage-generated NO· is an important pathway in microbial killing, the ability of endospores of B. anthracis to regulate production of this free radical has important implications in the control of B. anthracis-mediated infection.
Exposing I/O concurrency with informed prefetching

Informed prefetching provides a simple mechanism for I/O-intensive, cache-ineffective applications to efficiently exploit highly-parallel I/O subsystems such as disk arrays. This mechanism, dynamic disclosure of future accesses, yields substantial benefits over sequential readahead mechanisms found in current file systems for non-sequential workloads. This paper reports the performance of the Transparent Informed Prefetching system (TIP), a minimal prototype implemented in a Mach 3.0 system with up to four disks. We measured reductions by factors of up to 1.9 and 3.7 in the execution time of two example applications: multi-file text search and scientific data visualization. <<ETX>>
Apoptosis Induction by 13‐Acetoxyrolandrolide through the Mitochondrial Intrinsic Pathway

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of the sesquiterpene lactone 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide, a nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor that was previously isolated from Rolandra fruticosa. The effects associated with the inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway included dose‐dependent inhibition of the NF‐κB subunit p65 (RelA) and inhibition of upstream mediators IKKβ and oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma (K‐Ras). The inhibitory concentration of 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide on K‐Ras was 7.7 µm. The downstream effects of the inhibition of NF‐κB activation were also investigated in vitro. After 24 h of treatment with 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was depolarized in human colon cancer (HT‐29) cells. The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was also negatively affected, and reduced levels of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) were detected after 2 h of 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide exposure. Furthermore, the expression of the pro‐apoptotic protein caspase‐3 increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Cell flow cytometry showed that 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide induced cell cycle arrest at G1, indicating that the treated cells had undergone caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis, indicating negative effects on cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that 13‐acetoxyrolandrolide inhibits NF‐κB and K‐Ras and promotes cell death mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.