Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county, Amudat district, Northeastern Uganda

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the sand-fly Phlebotomus martini is endemic in certain foci in north-eastern Uganda where it is thought to be confined to Pokot county, Amudat district. Amudat hospital records (April 1998-March 1999) indicated that kala-azar accounted for about 17% of hospital in-patients. However the actual prevalence of kalaazar infection in the community in Pokot county is unknown. This lack of information limits efforts geared towards its control. Objective: To determine the prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pokot county in March 2010. The study participants were ≥ 5 years and were randomly selected from the age and sex strata in the chosen clusters. A questionnaire that elicited demographic profiles of participants was used for data collection. Standard procedure for direct agglutination test using blood samples collected from participants on blotting papers was performed. Data was entered in EPIINFO 3.3 and exported to STATA 10, where descriptive statistics were generated. Results: The overall prevalence of kalaazar infection in Pokot county was 17.2% but the prevalence of symptomatic infection in the community was 2.5%. The ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic kala-azar was 1:6. Loroo sub-county had the highest prevalence of kala-azar infection followed by Karita and Amudat sub-counties at 31.9%, 14.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: With kala-azar infection prevalence at 17.2% in the community, there is an urgent need to institute control program spearheaded by ministry of health, in the region. Furthermore, recent reports of cases from other districts within the region, the heterogeneous distribution of infection within the county and the current risk factors, including the role of animals in kala-azar transmission in this area need to be evaluated.
Analisis Kesalahan Mahasiswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Pada Pokok Bahasan Vektor

Kajian Matematika SMA merupakan salah satu mata kuliah yang sangat penting dalam perkuliahan, sebab akan menjadi bekal mahasiswa ketika sudah menjadi seorang pendidik SMA. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif, karena peneliti melalui investigasi juga mengumpulkan data dengan cara bertatap muka langsung dan berinteraksi dengan objek yang akan diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kesalahan dan jenis kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal Vektor pada mata kuliah Kajian matematika SMA menurut panduan Polya. Dalam mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi kesalahan dan jenis kesalahan mahasiswa diambil subjek penelitian tiga mahasiswa dari kelas penelitian, selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara untuk menggali informasi lebih detail. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah setelah mengetahui kesalahan dan jenis kesalahan dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebt dikemudian hari. Pengambilan subjek dalam penelitian ini berdasar pada keberagaman jenis kesalahan yang dilakaukan mahasiswa dan soal tes berupa soal uraian sebanyak lima soal. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi uji instrumen, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan analisis data kesalahan paling sering dilakukan tiap nomor terletak pada kesalahan teknis dalam perhitungan dengan rata-rata 59%, rata-rata kesalahan penggunaan data sebesar 39,6%, rata-rata kesalahan pemahaman konsep sebesar 33%, rata-rata kesalahan interpretasi bahasa sebesar 19,8% dan rata-rata kesalahan dalam penarikan kesimpulan sebesar 46,2%. Hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan bahan diskusi dan penelitian selanjutnya, khususnya pada bagian analisis penyebab kesalahan pada teknis penghitungan karena pada tahap ini persentase kesalahannya cukup besar.
Diphtheria Toxin-mediated Ablation of Parietal Cells in the Stomach of Transgenic Mice (*)

The self-renewing epithelial populations present in the gastric units of the mouse stomach are descended from a multipotent stem cell and undergo an orderly migration-associated differentiation followed by apoptosis. The steady state census of the three principal cell types (acid-producing parietal cells, mucus-producing pit cells, and pepsinogen and intrinsic factor-producing zymogenic cells) is accurately controlled, despite marked differences in the rates of migration of each lineage. A transgenic mouse model has been created to define functional interrelationships between the proliferation, differentiation, and death programs of these lineages. Nucleotides −1035 to +24 of the noncatalytic β subunit gene of mouse H/K-ATPase were used to direct expression of an attenuated diphtheria toxin A subunit in the parietal cell lineage. These transcriptional regulatory elements are not active in members of the pit and zymogenic lineages. Stomachs, prepared from postnatal day 28-80 transgenic mice and their normal littermates, were subjected to single- and multilabel immunohistochemical studies as well as qualitative and quantitative light and electron microscopic morphologic analyses. The toxin produced complete ablation of differentiated parietal cells. Loss of parietal cells was accompanied by a 5-fold increase in the number of undifferentiated granule-free cells located in the proliferative compartment of gastric units. This amplified population of granule-free cells included the multipotent stem cell as well as committed precursors of the pit and zymogenic lineages. Loss of mature parietal cells was also associated with (i) a block in the differentiation program of the zymogenic lineage with an accumulation of pre-neck cells and a depletion of their neck and mature zymogenic cell descendants, and (ii) an 2-fold amplification of pit cells. These findings are consistent with the notion that epithelial homeostasis within gastric units is maintained by instructive interactions between their different cell lineages. Unlike pit and zymogenic cells, parietal cells complete their differentiation in the gastric unit's proliferative compartment before undergoing a bipolar migration along the unit. Thus, the mature parietal cell is in a strategic position to influence decision-making among gastric epithelial cell precursors and to modulate the migration-associated terminal differentiation programs of the pit and zymogenic lineages.
Extracapsular cataract surgery.

What do you do to start reading extracapsular cataract surgery? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this extracapsular cataract surgery.
İlköğretim 3.Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitapları ve Öğretmen Kılavuz Kitabının Yapılandırmacı Öğrenme Yaklaşımına Uygunluk Düzeyi

Ders kitaplarinin onemi, gelisen ve degisen teknolojik imkânlarla beraber orantili olarak artmaktadir. Bilimsellik ve benimsemis oldugu temel yaklasimi yansitmasi acisindan ders kitaplarinin incelenmesi bir zorunluluk teskil etmektedir. Benimsemis oldugu yaklasimi yansitmayan ders kitaplarinin yaklasimin yanlis aktarilmasinda etkisi olabilir. Bu calismada da ilkogretim duzeyindeki okullarda okutulmakta olan Turkce ders kitaplarinin yapilandirmaci ogrenme anlayisina olan uygunluk duzeyi incelenmeye calisilmistir. Uclu setler halinde dagitilan Turkce ders kitabi, calisma kitabi ve ogretmen kilavuz kitabi arastirma evreninde yer alan yayinevleri arasindan random bir sekilde belirlenerek, gelistirilen olcutler dogrultusunda tarama modeli yoluyla incelenmistir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda set halinde incelenen ders kitaplarinda birtakim eksikliklerin oldugu ve yapilandirmaci yaklasimi tam olarak yansitmadigi gorulmustur. Buna gore Turkce ders kitabinin metin gorsel uyumu acisindan yetersiz oldugu, tema iceriklerinin farkli boyutlari yansitmadigi gorulmustur. Ogrenci calisma kitaplarinda gorsel okuma ve gorsel sunu alaninda yetersiz etkinliklerin oldugu, farkli etkinliklere yer verilmedigi gorulmustur. Ogretmen kilavuz kitaplarinin ise arastirmaya sevk edici nitelikte olmadigi, olcme degerlendirmede yeterli olmadigi, yonergeler sunmada basarisiz oldugu ve yontem teknikler konusunda hatalarinin oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Bulgulardan yola cikilarak temelinde ders kitabi inceleme kriterleri arasinda yapilandirmaci “yaklasima uygunluk duzeyi” biciminde madde eklemesi temele alinarak birtakim onerilerde bulunulmustur.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF POLITICAL MESSAGES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

With the progressive increase of technology in the daily life, the use of the social networks has become into a relevant tool for politicians in the aim of catching new possible voters. However in the side of the citizen, the high amount of information can produce a lose of perspective. This project is focused on the design and development of a system able to classify political messages according to their bias into partisan or neutral. For the development of the system it is used the dataset Political-Social-Media imported from Kaggle. Thus, the system is trained with Facebook and Twitter messages, and will be used to predict new samples of these social networks. For the design of the system were used two different approaches: The Bag of Words model and a basic Neural Network system. In addition to this, it is also developed a third solution based on the combination of the two previous. Finally the system is tested with a different set of samples, used only to verify the behaviour of the system. Once are selected the best models for Twitter and Facebook, the final result is implemented in a plugin. For this task, it is employed Senpy that will allows to classify new samples in real time, as well to share the system in an easier way due to the use of linked data. The last step of our project is to extract the main conclusions of the work and join them with the new technologies learned, in order to stipulate possible future lines of work.
Evolution of LTE and new Radio Access technologies for FRA (Future Radio Access)

The paradigm shift toward smartphones caused distinct traffic expansion in mobile networks. Indeed, the total amount of traffic in Japan is glowing nearly 1.8-fold in yearly basis during the past few years. To cope with this problem, many mobile operators are now speeding up their deployment of LTE/LTE-A. In this paper, current situation of LTE deployment in Japan, including area deployment and spectrum assignment are introduced. Then, the technical trend for further enhancement of LTE-A is presented based on the current standardization activities in 3GPP Rel.11 and Rel.12. Finally, the requirements and some expected technologies for the next generation mobile system, namely 5G or Future Radio Access (FRA), will be presented. Here, small cell deployment and its interwork with macro-cell is regarded as one of promising ways for increasing channel capacity while maintaining mobility support. As to radio access technologies, advanced interference mitigation and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are likely to be key issues for FRA. Initial evaluations of Massive-MIMO performance are also presented for clarifying the feasibility in the assumed scenario.
Treatment of Tinnitus Policy Number : 8 . 01 . 39 Last Review : 9 / 2018 Origination : 9 / 2008 Next Review : 9 / 2019 Policy

When Policy Topic is not covered Treatment of tinnitus with any of the following therapies is considered investigational:  biofeedback  tinnitus maskers, customized sound therapy  combined psychological and sound therapy (eg tinnitus retraining therapy)  transcranial magnetic stimulation,  transcranial direct current stimulation  electrical transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the ear, electromagnetic energy,  transmeatal laser irradiation
The impact of previous transurethral prostate resection on functional and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Özet Amaç: Önceden yapılmış olan transüretral prostat rezeksiyonunun (TURP) laparoskopik radikal prostatektomiden (LRP) sonraki cerrahi, fonksiyonel ve onkolojik sonuçlar üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve yöntem: Ardışık 251 LRP hastasında, önceden TURP geçirmiş olan ve bir insidental karsinomanın bulunduğu saptanan 20 olgudaki (Grup 1) ve bulunmayan 20 hastadaki (Grup 2) intraoperatif, fonksiyonel ve onkolojik sonuçları retrospektif olarak, eşleştirilmiş (match-pair) analiz kullanarak karşılaştırdık. Hastalar yaş, operasyondan önceki prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) ve transrektal ultrasonografideki prostat hacmi yönünden eşleştirilmiştir. Kateterizasyon süresi, komplikasyonlar, onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçları içeren perioperatif parametreler incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Her iki gruptaki hastaların yaşları, kitle indeksleri, PSA düzeyi ve prostat hacimleri benzerdi. Grup 1 ve 2 için sırasıyla ortaortanca operasyon süresi 250 dk ve 210 dk (p=0.02), ortanca kateterizasyon süresi 9 gün ve 7 gün (p=0.041), ortalama tümör hacimi 4.1 cc ve 3.4 cc (p=0.807) idi. Perioperatif komplikasyonlar Grup 1’de 1 hastada şiddetli yapışıklığa bağlı rektal perforasyon, 2 hastada traksiyona bağlı mesane perforasyonu ve 2 hastada yapışıklığa bağlı perirektal fasiya yırtılması idi ve bunlar cerrahi sırasında konversiyonsuz tedavi edilmişti. Grup 2’de 1 hastada perioperatif komplikasyon olarak rektal perforasyon görüldü. Altı ay sonraki kontinans oranları Grup 1 ve Grup 2 için sırasıyla %80 ve %85 idi (p=0.01). pT2 hastalıkta cerrahi sınır pozitifliği olmaksızın, pozitif cerrahi sınır oranları Grup 1 ve 2 için sırasıyla %25’e karşılık %15 idi. Sonuç: TURP’dan sonra LRP zor, ancak güvenli bir işlemdir. Bu hastalarda tam kontinans zamanı gecikmektedir ve olası nörovasküler demet korunması oranı azalmış olabilir. Önceden transüretral rezeksiyon yapılmış olan hastalarda operasyon öncesi komplikasyon oranı daha yüksekse de, operasyon sonrası izlemde gruplar arasında herhangi bir farklılık yoktu.
Proposal of a low cost educational mobile robotics experiment: an approach based on hardware and simulation

—In this paper it is presented an educational mobile robotics experiment based on a low cost mobile robot prototype and its simulation. The chosen educational robot challenge is a classical introductory experiment, that consists in following a line with a mobile robot based on the differential kinematics. The presented experiment has as goal to introduce students to the challenges of mobile robotics, initially programming a simulated robot, building a real robot and ﬁnally testing the developed code in a real robot. The robot was simulated using SimTwo, which is a realistic simulation software that can support several types of robots. Having as base the proposed challenge, a mobile robot competition was conducted as a part of the evaluation of the curricular unit of “Systems Based on Micro-Controllers” of the “Electrotechnical and Computer Engineering” course of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto.
A novel circular winding brushless DC(CWBLDC) machine with low torque ripple

This paper proposes a novel circular winding brushless DC (CWBLDC) machine with low torque ripple. The multiphase armature winding of the machine is very similar to that of a brushed DC machine but with permanent magnet excitation on the rotor. Phase current commutation is realized by power electronic circuitry operating in either natural or forced commutation mode. By employing specific fractional-slot designs, the new machine drastically reduces the commutation torque ripple. Field-circuit coupled analyses have been performed for both integral-slot and fractional-slot designs. Simulation results show that torque ripple reduction through fractional-slot design is very effective. As the circular winding topology frees up constraints on 120° current conduction in three-phase BLDCs, the machine features improved torque density over conventional BLDCs. All above advantages makes this machine attractive for very-high-power motor drive applications. A 10 kW, 8-pole, 46-slot CWBLDC prototype has been designed, fabricated and tested to verify the analysis.
Influence of Social Network Effect and Incentive on Choice of Star Labeled Cars in India: A Latent Class Approach based on Choice Experiment

To encourage efficient consumption of energy, India has adopted energy consumption labels for electrical equipment and is now considering the introduction of fuel efficiency labels for cars. By means of a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), this paper assesses consumer preferences for fuel efficiency labels in New Delhi. A novelty of this study is that half of the respondents are treated by informing them that an environmental regulation would impose restrictions on the number of days cars can ply with the exception of highly efficient labeled cars which would be allowed to ply every day. An additional novelty of this study is that, in order to deepen our understanding on why people prefer cars that are labeled as fuel efficient, we take into account behavioural motives, which we divide into intrinsic motivation, environmental knowledge, extrinsic motivation (social network) and social interaction. We report results of latent class logit model and random parameter logit model. The classes in the latent class model are classified based on respondent’s socio-economic characteristics and behavioural motives. The results show that on average, respondents are willing to pay more for the highly efficient labeled car under both control and incentive treatment, however, the willingness to pay for highly efficient labeled car is much higher under the incentive treatment.
Druggability Analysis and Prediction Based on Geometric Distances between Amino Acid Residues and Protein Surface Pockets

Protein is the major component of the organism. A concave (pocket) on a protein surface is known to be the best target for a drug to react. We previously presented a study on distance analysis between pockets and amino acid residue. We firstly identified pockets on the protein surface and then calculated distances between atoms of an amino acid residue and the deepest points or the outer loops of the pockets. We extracted proteins which at least one of the pockets are close to arbitrary pairs of amino acid residues, calculated the ratios of druggable proteins, and visualized the distribution of the ratios as a colored matrix. We suggested from the visualization results that particular pairs of amino acid residues may affect the druggability of the proteins in our previous study. This paper presents an extension of our study to explore the relevance between druggability of proteins and distances between a set of amino acid residues and protein surface pockets. Our technique treats the pockets as 20-dimensional vectors consisting of distances to each of amino acid residues, and applies GeodesicSOM with the set of the vectors. Spherical maps generated by GeodesicSOM are used to visualization of distribution of the pockets in the 20-dimensional vector space, and estimation of druggability of proteins with the 20-dimensional vectors of the pockets.
Iterative APP interference cancellation for LDPC coded UWB communication NSF EASI 2003 Report

Ultra wideband (UWB) communication is an emerging technology for high data rate, low power communication over short distances, e.g. wireless personal area networks. The IEEE 802.15. 3a High Rate Task Group is currently standardizing UWB according to FCC approved power emissions in the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency band. Evidently [1], multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques are being favored to the original impulse radio approach. Inherent to either approach is a channel delay spread that spans a large number of data symbols. Given the large number of resolvable multipaths typical of a UWB channel, as illustrated in Figure 1, traditional equalization techniques are likely to be computationally infeasible. Thus, a major bottleneck for UWB transceiver design is the significant distortion caused by inter-symbol interference (ISI). Motivated by successful coding and modulation strategies [2], we propose a multiband UWB system equipped with powerful error correction coding and iterative receiver processing to combat UWB ISI. We find that the ISI is well approximated as Gaussian, thereby admitting the use of well known channel codes optimized for the classical AWGN channel. We have discovered the existence of an SNR threshold τ, analogous to the “waterfall region” of turbo-codes. At SNR, τ , greater than τ, arbitrarily accurate ISI estimation and subtraction is achievable. Conversely, if τ < τ, the bit error rate is strictly bounded away from zero. Section 2 reviews relevant channel coding concepts, motivating the proposed UWB transceiver described in Section 4. Section 3 deals with the Gaussian approximation for UWB ISI, and simulation results are given in Section 5.
A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR 2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer

David J. Hunter1,2,3,6, Peter Kraft2, Kevin B. Jacobs4, David G. Cox1,2, Meredith Yeager5,6, Susan E. Hankinson1, Sholom Wacholder6, Zhaoming Wang5,6, Robert Welch5,6, Amy Hutchinson5,6, Kai Yu6, Nilanjan Chatterjee6, Nick Orr7, Walter C. Willett1,8, Graham A. Colditz9, Regina G. Ziegler6, Christine D. Berg10, Saundra S. Buys11, Catherine A. McCarty12, Heather Spencer Feigelson13, Eugenia E. Calle13, Michael J. Thun13, Richard B. Hayes6, Margaret Tucker6, Daniela S. Gerhard14, Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr.6, Robert N. Hoover6, Gilles Thomas6, and Stephen J Chanock6,7 1Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 2Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 3Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT 4Bioinformed Consulting Services, Gaithersburg, MD 5SAIC-Frederick, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 6Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services 7Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, DHHS 8Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 9Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 10Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, DHHS 11Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 12The Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 13Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30329 14Office of Cancer Genomics, NCI, NIH, DHHS