Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distress in relation to attenuated psychotic symptoms in the ultra‐high‐risk population is not associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder

The ‘ultra‐high‐risk’ criteria identify a clinical population at substantially increased risk for progressing to schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Although a number of clinical variables predictive of transition to psychotic disorder have been identified within this population, the predictive value of the level of distress associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms has not yet been examined. This was the aim of the present study.
Does Vision Work Well Enough for Industry?

A multitude of pose estimation algorithms has been developed in the last decades and many proprietary computer vision packages exist which can simplify the setup process. Despite this, pose estimation still lacks the ease of use that robots have attained in the industry. The statement ”vision does not work” is still not uncommon in the industry, even from integrators. This points to difficulties in setting up solutions in industrial applications. In this paper, we analyze and investigate the current usage of pose estimation algorithms. A questionnaire was sent out to both university and industry. From this survey, it is clear that the actual setup time of pose estimation solutions is on average between 1–2 weeks, which poses a severe hindrance for the application of pose estimation algorithms. Finally, steps required for facilitating the use of pose estimation systems are discussed that can reduce complexities and thus the setup times in industrial applications.
A system for Japanese/English/Korean multilingual patent retrieval

In response to growing needs for cross-lingual patent retrieval, we propose PRIME (Patent Retrieval In Multilingual Environment system), in which users can retrieve and browse patents in foreign languages only by their native language. PRIME translates a query in the user language into the target language, retrieves patents relevant to the query, and translates retrieved patents into the user language. To update a translation dictionary, PRIME automatically extracts new translations from parallel patent corpora. In the current implementation, trilingual (J/E/K) patent retrieval is available. We describe the system design and its evaluation.
T-Cell Therapy Enabling Adenoviruses Coding for IL2 and TNF&agr; Induce Systemic Immunomodulation in Mice With Spontaneous Melanoma

The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors renders adoptively transferred T cells hypofunctional. However, adenoviral delivery of immunostimulatory cytokines IL2 and TNF&agr; can significantly improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy. Using ret transgenic mice that spontaneously develop skin malignant melanoma, we analyzed the mechanism of action of adenoviruses coding for IL2 and TNF&agr; in combination with adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic TRP-2-specific T cells. Following T-cell therapy and intratumoral virus injection, a significant increase in antigen-experienced, tumor-reactive PD-1+ CD8+ T cells was seen in both cutaneous lesions and in metastatic lymph nodes. A reverse correlation between tumor weight and the number of tumor-reactive PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was observed, suggesting that these T cells could target and kill tumor cells. It is interesting to note that, local expression of cytokines did not affect intratumoral levels of T-regulatory cells (Tregs), which had previously been associated with systemic IL2 therapy. Instead, Ad5-IL2 induced upregulation of IL2 receptor &agr;-chain (CD25) on conventional CD4+CD25+Foxp3− cells, indicating that these CD4+ T cells may contribute to CD8+ T-cell activation and/or homing. Signs of therapy-induced resistance were also observed as the expression of PD-L1 on tumor-infiltrating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells was upregulated as a reaction to PD-1+ TILs. Finally, beneficial ratios between tumor-reactive PD-1+ CD8+ TILs and immunosuppressive cell subsets (Tregs and nitric oxide–producing myeloid-derived suppressor cells) were observed in primary and secondary tumor sites, indicating that local delivery of IL2 and TNF&agr; coding adenoviruses can systemically modify the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment in favor of adoptively transferred T cells.
Subcortical structures and the neurobiology of infant attachment disorganization: A longitudinal ultrasound imaging study

Attachment disorganization in infancy is a risk factor for behavior problems and other psychopathology. Traditionally the role of parental behavior for qualitative differences in early attachment relationships has been emphasized. However, disrupted infant–parent interactions only partly explain attachment disorganization. A complementary focus on child factors such as early differences in the underlying neurobiological systems is needed. We examined whether early structural differences in the gangliothalamic ovoid, comprising the basal ganglia and the thalamus, are involved in the etiology of infant attachment disorganization. Gangliothalamic ovoid diameter was measured by ultrasound in 6-week-old participants of a prospective population-based cohort study. Attachment classification of 629 of these infants was assessed with the strange situation at 14 months of age. Neurobiological differences within the normal range were prospectively associated with attachment disorganization. Infants with a larger gangliothalamic ovoid at 6 weeks had a lower risk of attachment disorganization at 14 months (OR = 0.73 per SD increase in diameter, 95% CI 0.57–0.93, p < .05). Volume of the lateral ventricles as an index of general brain development was not associated with attachment disorganization. These findings provide new insight into the etiology of infant attachment disorganization that may in part be neurodevelopmentally determined.
Public Heroes, Private Felons: Athletes And Crimes Against Women

While arrests of celebrated college and professional athletes for crimes against women escalate at an alarming rate, popular sports figures routinely escape accountability for their offenses. Shielded by a lucrative sports industry that fosters the athlete's positive image as role model to the nation's youth, few players are successfully prosecuted in the courts and they rarely face sanctions on their eligibility to play. In a work that is sure to generate heated debate, Jeff Benedict thoroughly investigates for the first time athletes' abusive behavior, delving into the full spectrum of complex factors that give rise to and perpetuate the disturbing pattern of frequent sexual and domestic violence toward women. Drawing on extensive and unprecedented interviews with athletes, victims, attorneys, coaches, team officials, and others, Benedict provides an in-depth examination of several incidents of rape, gang rape, and assault by successful sports figures, including the cases of Mike Tyson, Christian Peter and other members of the University of Nebraska football team, and former Boston Celtic Marcus Webb. Benedict's probe confronts such controversial issues as race, class, the groupie phenomenon, the sexually permissive lifestyle of many athletes, the consensual sex defense, and the sports industry's indifference to recruiting or drafting talented athletes with prior criminal records. Benedict concludes with sound proposals for implementing tougher measures and sanctions at both the college and professional levels in order to stem the disquieting number of athletes who commit violent crimes against women.
Confirmability and Disconfirmability of Traits Related to Conceptualizations of Achievement.

Recent discussions of achievement motivation hade introduced the notion of achievement orientations. Achievement orientations are constructs which reflect differences in defining success, standards of performance, and preferences for types of achievement tasks. This study investigated the perceived prevalence and evidence-to-inference links of traits related to conceptualizations of achievement through demonstrating competence and superiority. Traits related to demonstrating competence were rates by college students (N=45) in psychology courses as being more prevalent and requiring more instances of behavior to confirm their presence than traits related to demonstrating superiority. Significantly more evidence was perceived to be required to confirm than disconfirm the presence of traits related to demonstrating competence but not for traits related to demonstrating superiority. Some implications of these findings are that criteria related to demonstrating superiority would more likely be used in evaluations than criteria related to demonstrating competence; and demonstrations of superiority would enhance halo effects in memory-based evaluations. (Author/ABL) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are . he best that can be made * from the original document.
Preferential in-utero transmission of HIV-1 subtype C as compared to HIV-1 subtype A or D

Objective: To determine whether different HIV-1 genotypes present in a single cohort, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, showed differences in timing for transmission from mothers to their infants. Methods: We determined the maternal viral load, transmission time, and the HIV-1 envelope (env) subtype of 253 HIV-1-infected infants enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of vitamins in decreasing mother-to-child transmission in Tanzania. Classification of HIV-1 positivity in utero was based on PCR results at birth. Infants were classified as intrapartum infected if they scored negative for the sample collected at birth and positive for the sample collected at 6 weeks of age. Results: We found significant differences in the distribution of transmission time according to subtype. A higher proportion of HIV-1 with subtype C env (C-env) was transmitted in utero than HIV-1 with subtype A env (A-env), subtype D env (D-env), or both combined. Conclusions: The identification of patterns of mother-to-child transmission times among HIV-1 genotypes may be useful in the selection of drug regimens for chemoprophylaxis. Based on our results, the efficacy of regimens administered only at labor may not protect as large a fraction of infants born in geographical regions with subtype C-env epidemics as compared to epidemics in regions where subtypes A-env and D-env predominate in the population.
Uppsala , Sweden LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF OVERHEAD POWER DISTRIBUTION LINES

Distribution lines are often located in areas with high ground flash densities, being therefore subject to lightning-caused power interruptions. This paper presents an overview of the various types of lightning overvoltages that can arise on overhead power distribution networks, as well as typical voltage waveforms. The effectivenesses of the most important methods for mitigating such overvoltages on MV and LV networks are also discussed.
An overlay architecture for personalized object access and sharing in a peer-to-peer environment

Due to its exponential growth and decentralized nature, the Internet has evolved into a chaotic repository, making it difficult for users to discover and access resources of interest to them. As a result, users have to deal with the problem of information overload. The Semantic Web's emergence provides Internet users with the ability to associate explicit, self-described semantics with resources. This ability will facilitate in turn the development of ontology-based resource discovery tools to help users retrieve information in an efficient manner. However, it is widely believed that the SemanticWeb of the future will be a complex web of smaller ontologies, mostly created by various groups of web users who share a similar interest, referred to as a Community of Interest. This thesis proposes a solution to the information overload problem using a user driven framework, referred to as a Personalized Web, that allows individual users to organize themselves into Communities of Interests based on ontologies agreed upon by all community members. Within this framework, users can define and augment their personalized views of the Internet by associating specific properties and attributes to resources and defining constraint-functions and rules that govern the interpretation of the semantics associated with the resources. Such views can then be used to capture the user's interests and integrate these views into a user-defined Personalized Web. As a proof of concept, a Personalized Web architecture that employs ontology-based semantics and a structured Peer-to-Peer overlay network to provide a foundation of semantically-based resource indexing and advertising is developed. In order to investigate mechanisms that support the resource advertising and retrieval of the Personalized Web architecture, three agent-driven advertising and retrieval schemes, the Aggressive scheme, the Crawler-based scheme, and the Minimum-Cover-Rule scheme, were implemented and evaluated in both stable and churn environments. In addition to the development of a Personalized Web architecture that deals with typical web resources, this thesis used a case study to explore the potential of the Personalized Web architecture to support future web service workflow applications. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the architecture can support the automation of service discovery, negotiation, and invocation, allowing service consumers to actualize a personalized web service workflow. Further investigation will be required to improve the performance of the automation and allow it to be performed in a secure and robust manner. In order to support the next generation Internet, further exploration will be needed for the development of a Personalized Web that includes ubiquitous and pervasive resources.
Resilience, self-efficacy and burnout of employees in a chemical organisation

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between positive psychological capacities (state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy) and burnout levels of employees (N '= 164) in a chemical organisation and to determine whether state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy can be used to predict burnout levels of employees in a Chemical organisation. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). State Ego-Resilience (ER89) Scale and State Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES) were used as measuring instruments. Practically significant relationships were found between state ego-resilience and burnout. as well as between state self-efficacy and burnout. Furthermore. regression analyses indicated that both state ego­ resilience and state self-efficacy held predictive value with regard Lo burnout.
Cartographies of Knowledge: Exploring Qualitative Epistemologies

Preface About the Author 1. Introduction Mapping the Journey Familiar Intellectual Geographies Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading 2. Philosophical Roots of Research Methodologies Introduction The Changing Discourses of Social Science Philosophy and Practice Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading 3. Analytic Induction Introduction Analytic Induction: A Brief History The Basic Premise of Contemporary Analytic Induction Analysis of Newpaper, Television, and Interview Exemplars Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading 4. Symbolic Interaction Introduction Symbolic Interaction: A Brief History The Basic Premise of Symbolic Interaction Anaylsis of Newspaper, Television, and Interview Exemplars Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading 5. Ethnomethodology Introduction Ethnomethodology: A Brief History The Basic Premise of Ethnomethodology Analysis of Newspaper, Television, and Interview Exemplars Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading 6. Social Research: Drawing New Maps Introduction The Problems of Social Research Revisited A Matter of Ethics: The Making of a Social Scientist Revisiting Subjectivity, Agency, and Experience Envisioning Social Epistemologies Implications for Social Research Concluding Thoughts Further Reading References Index
Patchwise Joint Sparse Tracking With Occlusion Detection

This paper presents a robust tracking approach to handle challenges such as occlusion and appearance change. Here, the target is partitioned into a number of patches. Then, the appearance of each patch is modeled using a dictionary composed of corresponding target patches in previous frames. In each frame, the target is found among a set of candidates generated by a particle filter, via a likelihood measure that is shown to be proportional to the sum of patch-reconstruction errors of each candidate. Since the target's appearance often changes slowly in a video sequence, it is assumed that the target in the current frame and the best candidates of a small number of previous frames, belong to a common subspace. This is imposed using joint sparse representation to enforce the target and previous best candidates to have a common sparsity pattern. Moreover, an occlusion detection scheme is proposed that uses patch-reconstruction errors and a prior probability of occlusion, extracted from an adaptive Markov chain, to calculate the probability of occlusion per patch. In each frame, occluded patches are excluded when updating the dictionary. Extensive experimental results on several challenging sequences shows that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art trackers.
The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes.

We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU.m(-2). min(-1)) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. In addition, the effects of rosiglitazone on liver and muscle triglyceride content were assessed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rosiglitazone treatment resulted in a 68% (P < 0.002) and a 20% (P < 0.016) improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during the low- and high- dosage-insulin clamps, respectively, which was associated with approximately 40% reductions in plasma fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) and hepatic triglyceride content (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with a 39% increase in extramyocellular lipid content (P < 0.05) and a 52% increase in the sensitivity of peripheral adipocytes to the inhibitory effects of insulin on lipolysis (P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes by promoting increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral adipocytes, which results in lower plasma fatty acid concentrations and a redistribution of intracellular lipid from insulin responsive organs into peripheral adipocytes.
Real-Time Visual Tracking of Deformable Objects in Robot-Assisted Surgery

One of the most challenging problems in robot-assisted surgical systems is to provide surgical realism at interactive simulation rates. The proposed visual tracking system can track and register object deformations in real time using a physically based formulation, despite the occlusions produced by the robotic system itself. The results obtained provide an accurate visual representation of the deformed solid and will thus enable new assistance approaches to help surgeons during surgical procedures.
Optimal entrainment of neural oscillator ensembles

In this paper, we derive the minimum-energy periodic control that entrains an ensemble of structurally similar neural oscillators to a desired frequency. The state-space representation of a nominal oscillator is reduced to a phase model by computing its limit cycle and phase response curve, from which the optimal control is derived by using formal averaging and the calculus of variations. We focus on the case of a 1:1 entrainment ratio and suggest a simple numerical method for approximating the optimal controls. The method is applied to asymptotically control the spiking frequency of neural oscillators modeled using the Hodgkin–Huxley equations. Simulations are used to illustrate the optimality of entrainment controls derived using phase models when applied to the original state-space system, which is crucial for using phase models in control synthesis for practical applications. This work addresses a fundamental problem in the field of neural dynamics and provides a theoretical contribution to the optimal frequency control of uncertain oscillating systems.
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Although some observational studies have associated higher calcium intake and especially higher vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with lower breast cancer risk, no randomized trial has evaluated these relationships. METHODS Postmenopausal women (N = 36 282) who were enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative clinical trial were randomly assigned to 1000 mg of elemental calcium with 400 IU of vitamin D(3) daily or placebo for a mean of 7.0 years to determine the effects of supplement use on incidence of hip fracture. Mammograms and breast exams were serially conducted. Invasive breast cancer was a secondary outcome. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were assessed in a nested case-control study of 1067 case patients and 1067 control subjects. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with random assignment to calcium with vitamin D(3). Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels and total vitamin D intake, body mass index (BMI), recreational physical activity, and breast cancer risks were evaluated using logistic regression models. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Invasive breast cancer incidence was similar in the two groups (528 supplement vs 546 placebo; hazard ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.85 to 1.09). In the nested case-control study, no effect of supplement group assignment on breast cancer risk was seen. Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were modestly correlated with total vitamin D intake (diet and supplements) (r = 0.19, P < .001) and were higher among women with lower BMI and higher recreational physical activity (both P < .001). Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not associated with breast cancer risk in analyses that were adjusted for BMI and physical activity (P(trend) = . 20). CONCLUSIONS Calcium and vitamin D supplementation did not reduce invasive breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. These findings do not support a relationship between total vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with breast cancer risk.