Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumpy Investment and Corporate Tax Policy

In the presence of both convex and nonconvex capital adjustment costs in a dynamic general equilibrium model, corporate tax policy generates both intensive and extensive margin effects via the channel of marginal Q. Its impact is determined largely by the strength of the extensive margin effect, which, in turn, depends on the cross‐sectional distribution of firms. Depending on the initial distribution of firms, the economy displays asymmetric responses to tax changes. Moreover, an anticipated increase in the future investment tax credit reduces investment and adjustment rate initially.
Advances in Brief Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Is Localized at the Plasma Membrane in Mitoxantrone-and Topotecan-resistant Cell Lines 1

Tumor cells may display a multidrug resistant phenotype by overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters such as multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 1 ( MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The presence of BCRP has thus far been reported solely using mRNA data. In this study, we describe a BCRP-specific monoclonal antibody, BXP-34, obtained from mice, immunized with mitoxantrone-resistant, BCRP mRNA-positive MCF-7 MR human breast cancer cells. BCRP was detected in BCRP-transfected cells and in several mitoxantroneand topotecan-selected tumor cell sublines. Pronounced staining of the cell membranes showed that the transporter is mainly present at the plasma membrane. In a panel of human tumors, including primary tumors as well as drug-treated breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia samples, BCRP was low or undetectable. Extended studies will be required to analyze the possible contribution of BCRP to clinical multidrug resistance.
The VersaKey framework: versatile group key management

Middleware supporting secure applications in a distributed environment faces several challenges. Scalable security in the context of multicasting or broadcasting is especially hard when privacy and authenticity is to be assured to highly dynamic groups where the application allows participants to join and leave at any time. Unicast security is well-known and has widely advanced into production state. But proposals for multicast security solutions that have been published so far are complex, often require trust in network components, or are inefficient. In this paper, we propose a framework of new approaches for achieving scalable security in IP multicasting. Our solutions assure that newly joining members are not able to understand past group traffic and that leaving members may not follow future communication. For versatility, our framework supports a range of closely related schemes for key management, ranging from tightly centralized to fully distributed, and even allows switching between these schemes on-the-fly with low overhead. Operations have low complexity [O(log N) for joins or leaves], thus granting scalability even for very large groups. We also present a novel concurrency-enabling scheme, which was devised for fully distributed key management. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for secure multicasting, present our flexible system, and evaluate its properties based on the existing prototype implementation.
Evolving gene/transcript definitions significantly alter the interpretation of GeneChip data

Genome-wide expression profiling is a powerful tool for implicating novel gene ensembles in cellular mechanisms of health and disease. The most popular platform for genome-wide expression profiling is the Affymetrix GeneChip. However, its selection of probes relied on earlier genome and transcriptome annotation which is significantly different from current knowledge. The resultant informatics problems have a profound impact on analysis and interpretation the data. Here, we address these critical issues and offer a solution. We identified several classes of problems at the individual probe level in the existing annotation, under the assumption that current genome and transcriptome databases are more accurate than those used for GeneChip design. We then reorganized probes on more than a dozen popular GeneChips into gene-, transcript- and exon-specific probe sets in light of up-to-date genome, cDNA/EST clustering and single nucleotide polymorphism information. Comparing analysis results between the original and the redefined probe sets reveals ∼30–50% discrepancy in the genes previously identified as differentially expressed, regardless of analysis method. Our results demonstrate that the original Affymetrix probe set definitions are inaccurate, and many conclusions derived from past GeneChip analyses may be significantly flawed. It will be beneficial to re-analyze existing GeneChip data with updated probe set definitions.
Tenure Choice in the Housing Market

The author conducted a survey to examine psychological and economic factors affecting the homeownership–tenancy choice. Among the many results, the author found disturbing evidence according to which there exists a fundamental flawed reasoning in the common judgment of the financial superiority of ownership over tenancy. Most important, however, the author finds that although psychological and economic factors involved in the tenure decision are highly correlated, the psychological factors are found to be more statistically significant in explaining the realized tenure mode. This, in turn, may suggest that psychological effects might act as the underlying forces for determining the apparent economic tenure decision.
An institutional perspective on the transfer of accounting knowledge: a case study

The effective transfer of accounting education and knowledge between countries with differing economic and cultural contexts requires recognition of their individual institutional frameworks. The design and management of knowledge transfer and similar projects is a core activity of agencies such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). This paper reports on a UNEP project which aimed to support a small number of selected developing countries in building their capacities to develop and raise finance for cleaner production projects, in particular that part of the project represented by a programme to develop and disseminate educational materials which would demonstrate how management accounting and financial skills can be adapted and applied for this purpose. It adopts an institutional theory perspective as the basis for analysis of the programme and uses this to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme and the potential of institutional theory to help to guide the design of future similar projects.
Algorithm to Match Ontologies on the Semantic Web

It has been recognized that semantic data and knowledge extraction will significantly improve the capability of natural language interfaces to the semantic search engine. Semantic Web technology offers a vast scale of sharing and integration of distributed data sources by combining information easily. This will enable the user to find the information easily and efficiently. In this paper, we will explore some issues of developing algorithms for the Semantic Web. The first one to build the semantic contextual meaning by scanning the text, extract knowledge and automatically infer the meaning of the information from text that contains the search words in any sentence and correlate with hierarchical classes defined in the Ontology as a result of input resources. The second to discover the hierarchical relationships among terms (i.e. discover the semantic relations across hierarchical classifications). The proposed algorithm will be relying on a number of resources including Ontology and WordNet.
Unique Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activities of the Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Calanolide A, Costatolide, and Dihydrocostatolide

ABSTRACT (+)-Calanolide A (NSC 650886) has previously been reported to be a unique and specific nonnucleoside inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) (M. J. Currens et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 279:645–651, 1996). Two isomers of calanolide A, (−)-calanolide B (NSC 661122; costatolide) and (−)-dihydrocalanolide B (NSC 661123; dihydrocostatolide), possess antiviral properties similar to those of calanolide A. Each of these three compounds possesses the phenotypic properties ascribed to the pharmacologic class of nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). The calanolide analogs, however, exhibit 10-fold enhanced antiviral activity against drug-resistant viruses that bear the most prevalent NNRTI resistance that is engendered by amino acid change Y181C in the RT. Further enhancement of activity is observed with RTs that possess the Y181C change together with mutations that yield resistance to AZT. In addition, enzymatic inhibition assays have demonstrated that the compounds inhibit RT through a mechanism that affects both the Km for dTTP and theVmax, i.e., mixed-type inhibition. In fresh human cells, costatolide and dihydrocostatolide are highly effective inhibitors of low-passage clinical virus strains, including those representative of the various HIV-1 clade strains, syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing isolates, and T-tropic and monocyte-tropic isolates. Similar to calanolide A, decreased activities of the two isomers were observed against viruses and RTs with amino acid changes at residues L100, K103, T139, and Y188 in the RT, although costatolide exhibited a smaller loss of activity against many of these NNRTI-resistant isolates. Comparison of cross-resistance data obtained with a panel of NNRTI-resistant virus strains suggests that each of the three stereoisomers may interact differently with the RT, despite their high degree of structural similarity. Selection of viruses resistant to each of the three compounds in a variety of cell lines yielded viruses with T139I, L100I, Y188H, or L187F amino acid changes in the RT. Similarly, a variety of resistant virus strains with different amino acid changes were selected in cell culture when the calanolide analogs were used in combination with other active anti-HIV agents, including nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT and protease inhibitors. In assays with combinations of anti-HIV agents, costatolide exhibited synergy with these anti-HIV agents. The calanolide isomers represent a novel and distinct subgroup of the NNRTI family, and these data suggest that a compound of the calanolide A series, such as costatolide, should be evaluated further for therapeutic use in combination with other anti-HIV agents.
On performance analysis of AMBR protocol in mobile ad hoc networks

Due to mobility of nodes in ad hoc networks, the most challenging issue is to design and to make sound analysis of a routing protocol that determines its robustness to deliver packets in low routing packet overhead. In this paper, we thoroughly analyzed the adaptive monitor based routing (AMBR) protocol by varying different parameters that affect a routing protocol to measure its performance. Analysis shows that it requires less routing control overhead comparing with other prevalent routing protocols. An improved analytical model is also presented in this paper. All these analyses firmly prove that AMBR is a sound and robust protocol in terms of flooding, routing overhead and hence, enhances reliability.
Back reaction of inhomogeneities on the expansion: The evolution of cosmological parameters

Averaging and evolving inhomogeneities are non-commuting operations. This implies the existence of deviations of an averaged model from the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies. We quantify these deviations, encoded in a backreaction parameter, in the framework of Newtonian cosmology. We employ the linear theory of gravitational instability in the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches, as well as the spherically- and plane-symmetric solutions as standards of reference. We propose a model for the evolution of the average characteristics of a spatial domain for generic initial conditions that contains the spherical top-hat model and the planar collapse model as exact sub cases. A central result is that the backreaction term itself, calculated on sufficiently large domains, is small but, still, its presence can drive the cosmological parameters on the averaging domain far away from their global values of the standard model. We quantify the variations of these parameters in terms of the fluctuations in the initial data as derived from the power spectrum of initial cold dark matter density fluctuations. E.g. in a domain with a radius of 100Mpc today and initially one-sigma fluctuations, the density parameters deviate from their homogeneous values by 15%; three-sigma fluctuations lead to deviations larger than 100%.
Class Consumption

During the past fifteen years, it has been asserted that men are increasingly becoming active, independent consumers especially in relation to the consumption of fashion and vanity goods. Over a much longer period, sociologists have attempted to explain clothes choices using various macro-consumer preference models. Using four of these paradigms—the fashion hierarchy, the fashion process, the neotribes model, and the mass consumer theory—this article examines how relevant elements of these four models are in explaining the clothes choices of thirty-five middle-class young men who were interviewed. The assertion that such young men are now active, independent consumers is also explored in relation to fashion goods. The data drawn on in this article challenges the mascularization of consumption thesis, as well as highlights which sections of the consumer preference models are more applicable in explaining the fashion choices of middle-class young men.
The Scattering Matrix of a Graph

Recently, Smilansky expressed the determinant of the bond scattering matrix of a graph by means of the determinant of its Laplacian. We present another proof for this Smilansky's formula by using some weighted zeta function of a graph. Furthermore, we reprove a weighted version of Smilansky's formula by Bass' method used in the determinant expression for the Ihara zeta function of a graph.
How to Surf

This article explores the sensual world of men who surf. Self-reflexive and fictocritical in tone, it meditates on how many studies of masculinity tend to separate the social and bodily. The article maps a way to pull bodies and feelings back into such studies in a productive manner. Affect theory is used to evidence how doing masculinity is built on feelings and intimacy. In turn, the article grounds gender in the activities of everyday life that function to bring together the sociological, psychological, and biological. Furthermore, the article argues that by researching through bodies, it is possible to complicate traditional tropes of masculinity that position it as stable and unemotional. Most important, the researcher's body is shown to be integral to any imagination of how the surfing culture works.
93.5∼109.4GHz CMOS injection-locked frequency divider with 15.3% locking range

A distributed-LC injection-locked frequency divider is proposed. This frequency divider has been realized in 65 nm CMOS technology. The core area is 0.036 mm2. The measured operation range is 93.5~109.4 GHz. Its center frequency is 102 GHz and the locking range is 15.3%. Its power is 5.5 mW from the supply of 1.1 V.
Prosodic accommodation in language contact: Spanish intonation in Majorca

Abstract In this article we study a language contact situation in Majorca, Spain, in which adult monolingual speakers of Spanish who arrived recently in Majorca acquire aspects of Majorcan Catalan prosody. Although the possibility that the adoption of features can take place directly from Catalan is not rejected, we provide evidence that it can be an indirect process, through a process of accommodation (Trudgill 1986; Giles and Coupland 1991) to the L2 variety of Spanish spoken by L1 Majorcan Catalan speakers. An experiment was set up in which we recorded four native Spanish speakers who arrived recently in Majorca holding a semi-directed conversation in Spanish with a native speaker of Majorcan Catalan. The results showed consistent adoption of prosodic features of L2 Majorcan Spanish in interrogative sentences (not in declaratives). The results support the idea that the adoption of prosodic features of Majorcan Catalan by monolingual Spanish speakers can take place in early stages of contact. Our article also shows that subjective factors such as determination towards integration play a fundamental role in determining the degree of accommodation. Finally, salience of prosodic features is claimed to play a role in the selection of transferred features.
Time-dependent, four-point density correlation function description of dynamical heterogeneity and decoupling in supercooled liquids

by neighboring particles. We evaluate these quantities for a cold Lennard-Jones ~LJ! liquid, and show that in this system x 4(t) is dominated by growing spatial correlations between localized particles. We then compare the behavior of x 4(t) with a generalized time-dependent susceptibility related to a correlation function of squared particle displacements. From these two quantities we find twodifferent characteristic time scales: the time scale on which temporarily localized particles are most spatially correlated scales with temperature like the structural relaxation time, while the time scale on which the correlation between squared particle displacements is strongest scales like the inverse diffusion coefficient. In this way, we demonstrate that the decoupling of diffusion and relaxation in this model liquid arises from dynamical heterogeneity. Consider a liquid of N particles in a volume V, with density r(r,t)5S i51 N d(r2ri(t)). The simplest density correlation function that contains information on correlated particle motion is fourth-order. We write this function in terms of the deviations of r(r,t) from its average value, Dr(r,t) 5r(r,t)2r 0 , where r 05^r&5N/V, and ^fl& denotes an ensemble average:
Some Correlates of Group Participation Amongst Long-Stay Mental Hospital Patients

A Review and Rehabilitation Unit was set up at Netherne Hospital in April 1957, and Pendellswood, a detached villa in the hospital grounds with accommodation for 43 men and 51 women, was allocated for this purpose. The criteria for selection of patients from other wards to the Unit were that they should have been in hospital for at least two years, they should be relatively stabilized and socially acceptable, have reasonable current work records within the hospital, and be under the age of 55 years. Many of these patients would conform to two of the groups discussed in the Piercy Report, (8) namely, those whose recovery is not complete, and those with residual disability.
A facework system of minimal politeness: Oral argument in appellate court

Abstract This study describes the facework system in effect during oral argument in US state supreme courts. Drawing on two cases that occurred in the California Supreme Court in which attorneys and justices explored the legality of California's marriage laws, the study argues that the facework system in operation during oral argument is one of minimal politeness. That facework system, one that uses selected address forms, argument meta-language, case references, and frequent interruptions that go unmarked, constructs an impersonal, professional face in which politeness is uncalled for. The first part of the analysis illustrates the features and suggests how these discourse features do their interpretive work. The second part of the analysis examines a deviant case: an exchange where an attorney and the justices gave significant attention to each others' positive face. The paper uses the deviant case to make clear what the typical facework in appellate oral argument looks like, as well as to give a sense of appellate procedures when that norm is altered. The conclusion draws out implications for future face and politeness theorizing.
Regulation of Prp43-mediated disassembly of spliceosomes by its cofactors Ntr1 and Ntr2

Abstract The DEAH-box NTPase Prp43 disassembles spliceosomes in co-operation with the cofactors Ntr1/Spp382 and Ntr2, forming the NTR complex. How Prp43 is regulated by its cofactors to discard selectively only intron-lariat spliceosomes (ILS) and defective spliceosomes and to prevent disassembly of earlier and properly assembled/wild-type spliceosomes remains unclear. First, we show that Ntr1΄s G-patch motif (Ntr1GP) can be replaced by the GP motif of Pfa1/Sqs1, a Prp43΄s cofactor in ribosome biogenesis, demonstrating that the specific function of Ntr1GP is to activate Prp43 for spliceosome disassembly and not to guide Prp43 to its binding site in the spliceosome. Furthermore, we show that Ntr1΄s C-terminal domain (CTD) plays a safeguarding role by preventing Prp43 from disrupting wild-type spliceosomes other than the ILS. Ntr1 and Ntr2 can also discriminate between wild-type and defective spliceosomes. In both type of spliceosomes, Ntr1-CTD impedes Prp43-mediated disassembly while the Ntr1GP promotes disassembly. Intriguingly, Ntr2 plays a specific role in defective spliceosomes, likely by stabilizing Ntr1 and allowing Prp43 to enter a productive interaction with the GP motif of Ntr1. Our data indicate that Ntr1 and Ntr2 act as ‘doorkeepers’ and suggest that both cofactors inspect the RNP structure of spliceosomal complexes thereby targeting suboptimal spliceosomes for Prp43-mediated disassembly.
On the Acceleration of Test Generation Algorithms

In order to accelerate an algorithm for test generation, it is necessary to reduce the number of backtracks in the algorithm and to shorten the process time between backtracks. In this paper, we consider several techniques to accelerate test generation and present a new test generation algorithm called FAN (fan-out-oriented test generation algorithm). It is shown that the FAN algorithm is faster and more efficient than the PODEM algorithm reported by Goel. We also present an automatic test generation system composed of the FAN algorithm and the concurrent fault simulation. Experimental results on large combinational circuits of up to 3000 gates demonstrate that the system performs test generation very fast and effectively.
The Measurement of Quality of Working life

This paper argues that the questionnaire measures of job satisfaction relied on for so long by industrial psychologists do not provide information that can help improve quality of working life. There is little agreement as to what is measured by such scales and the employees' responses to them reflect a variety of things besides satisfaction with their jobs. The problems with job satisfaction measures are highlighted by the fact that such measures have shown high and stable levels of job satisfaction at a time when signs of employee frustration and alienation have been increasing. It is argued that industrial psychologists need to develop quite different ways of assessing job satisfaction in which the subjects participate in the development of the measuring instruments themselves. Opsomming Die bruikbaarheid van vraelyste om inligting te voorsien op grond waarvan die gehalte van 'n werklewe nagevors kan word, word bevraagteken. Daar is weinig ooreenstemming oor wat sodanige vraelyste meet. Die probleem word onderstreep deur die feit dat navorsing waarin sodanige meetinstrumente gebruik word deurgaans 'n hoe mate van werkstevredenheid toon terwyl werknemerfrustrasie en vervreemding aan die orde van die dag is. 'n Nuwe benadering tot die bepaling van werkstevredenheid word bepleit waarin die werknemer deelneem aan die ontwikkeling van die meetinstrumente wat gebruik word.