Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretic Interpretation of Szemerédi ’ s Regularity Lemma

Szemerédi’s regularity lemma is a fundamental tool in the theory of very large and dense graphs. In particular, it can be viewed as a structure theorem for arbitrary dense graphs which decomposes such graphs into a large number of parts such that the sub-graphs between these parts are random-like (simple-structured) on each pair, except for a small number of pairs. The regularity lemma has several variations and generalizations, of varying degrees of strength, and does have multiple applications in the fields of discrete geometry, combinatorics, and hypergraphs. In this paper, we present a different view of the regularity lemma as a structure theorem of random variables and events in a product probability space. Particularly, we focus on an interpretation of the regularity lemma using information theoretic terms. This alternative perspective of the lemma enables discovering stronger and more flexible versions of the lemma lying beneath the standard version. The keyidea here is that this change of perspective allows for employing tools from information and probability theories, which in turn yield more precise characterization (bounds) on the error events than the classical combinatorial tools.
Enhancing and Promoting Recovery in Attentionally Impaired People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Attention Shaping in a Partial Hospital Program

The attentional impairments associated with schizophrenia are well documented and profound. Psychopharmacological and most psychosocial interventions have been shown to have limited effect in improving attentional capacity. That said, one form of psychosocial treatment, attention shaping procedures (ASP), has been repeatedly demonstrated to produce significant and meaningful change in various aspects of participant attentiveness behaviors. To date, studies of ASP have been limited in that they have been conducted primarily with inpatients, have not assessed the generalizability of ASP's effects, and have not explored whether reinforcement is required to be contingent on performance of attentive behaviors. To address these limitations, we conducted the first randomized clinical trial of ASP with people diagnosed with schizophrenia who were being treated in a partial hospital program. Our results indicate that ASP is effective in improving attention in people with schizophrenia in these types of programs, the effects of ASP generalize outside the immediate treatment context to both other treatment groups and real-world functioning, and contingent reinforcement is a critical ingredient of ASP. This project provides further evidence for the benefits of use of ASP in the recovery-oriented treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia who have significant attentional impairments.
Experimental study of doxorubicin interventional chemotherapy in the treatment of rabbit VX2 renal transplantation carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effect of doxorubicin interventional chemotherapy on rabbit VX2 renal transplantation carcinoma and its mechanism. METHODS Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were chosen to establish VX2 renal transplantation carcinoma models. The experimental rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in the control group (negative control), doxorubicin group and cisplatin group were treated with saline, 5 mg/kg doxorubicin and 2 mg/kg cisplatin respectively. The tumor volume was monitored with B-mode ultrasonography. The rabbits were anesthetized and killed after two weeks of interventional chemotherapy. The changes of Bcl-2 and Bax at the levels of mRNA and protein were analyzed with real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The efficacy of interventional chemotherapy was evaluated with tumor volume changes monitored by B-mode ultrasonography. The tumor volume of control group and doxorubicin group was 1.29±0.60 cm(3) and 0.47±0.12 cm(3) respectively. Further fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed that doxorubicin could reduce the Bcl-2 expression and increase the Bax expression (P < 0.05). The result of immunohistochemistry was consistent with that of fluorescence quantitative PCR. CONCLUSIONS The effect of doxorubicin interventional chemotherapy on renal transplantation carcinoma is obvious and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression thus inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells.
A new formation control of multiple underactuated surface vessels

ABSTRACT This work investigates a new formation control problem of multiple underactuated surface vessels. The controller design is based on input-output linearisation technique, graph theory, consensus idea and some nonlinear tools. The proposed smooth time-varying distributed control law guarantees that the multiple underactuated surface vessels globally exponentially converge to some desired geometric shape, which is especially centred at the initial average position of vessels. Furthermore, the stability analysis of zero dynamics proves that the orientations of vessels tend to some constants that are dependent on the initial values of vessels, and the velocities and control inputs of the vessels decay to zero. All the results are obtained under the communication scenarios of static directed balanced graph with a spanning tree. Effectiveness of the proposed distributed control scheme is demonstrated using a simulation example.
Generating virtual ratings from chinese reviews to augment online recommendations

Collaborative filtering (CF) recommenders based on User-Item rating matrix as explicitly obtained from end users have recently appeared promising in recommender systems. However, User-Item rating matrix is not always available or very sparse in some web applications, which has critical impact to the application of CF recommenders. In this article we aim to enhance the online recommender system by fusing virtual ratings as derived from user reviews. Specifically, taking into account of Chinese reviews' characteristics, we propose to fuse the self-supervised emotion-integrated sentiment classification results into CF recommenders, by which the User-Item Rating Matrix can be inferred by decomposing item reviews that users gave to the items. The main advantage of this approach is that it can extend CF recommenders to some web applications without user rating information. In the experiments, we have first identified the self-supervised sentiment classification's higher precision and recall by comparing it with traditional classification methods. Furthermore, the classification results, as behaving as virtual ratings, were incorporated into both user-based and item-based CF algorithms. We have also conducted an experiment to evaluate the proximity between the virtual and real ratings and clarified the effectiveness of the virtual ratings. The experimental results demonstrated the significant impact of virtual ratings on increasing system's recommendation accuracy in different data conditions (i.e., conditions with real ratings and without).
Interaction between the ADH1B*3 allele and drinking motives on alcohol use among Black college students

ABSTRACT Background: Black young adults have lower rates of alcohol use than other racial groups. Genetic factors may protect against drinking. Specifically, the ADH1B*3 allele is present almost exclusively in Black populations and has been protective against alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects of the ADH1B*3 allele, however, may differ as a function of alcohol-promoting cognitions. Objectives: The current study examined whether ADH1B*3 moderated relations of drinking motives with alcohol consumption among Black college drinkers. Methods: Participants were 241 undergraduate students of self-identified Black race (mean age = 20 years; 66% female) who reported consuming alcohol at least once in the past 30 days. Results: ADH1B*3 was not significantly associated with drinking motives or drinking behaviors. However, significant, albeit small, interaction effects of ADH1B*3 with drinking motives on drinking behavior were found; the presence of an ADH1B*3 allele protected against greater drinking quantity among students with high social motives (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) and against frequent drinking among students with low coping motives (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.01, 1.11]). Conclusion: These findings represent a novel demonstration of genetic modulation of alcohol-related cognitions within Black college drinkers, although replication is needed. Results represent an initial step toward better characterizing individual differences in associations of drinking motives with drinking behavior, with potential implications for interventions aimed at motivational processes in alcohol use.
Model-based observer and feedback control design for a rigid Joukowski foil in a Kármán vortex street

Obstacles and swimming fish in flow create a wake with an alternating left/right vortex pattern known as a Kármán vortex street and reverse Kármán vortex street, respectively. An energy-efficient fish behavior resembling slaloming through the vortex street is called Kármán gaiting. This paper describes the use of a bioinspired array of pressure sensors on a Joukowski foil to estimate and control flow-relative position in a Kármán vortex street using potential flow theory, recursive Bayesian filtering, and trajectory-tracking feedback control. The Joukowski foil is fixed in downstream position in a flowing water channel and free to move on air bearings in the cross-stream direction by controlling its angle of attack to generate lift. Inspired by the lateral-line neuromasts found in fish, the sensing and control scheme is validated using off-the-shelf pressure sensors in an experimental testbed that includes a flapping device to create vortices. We derive a potential flow model that describes the flow over a Joukowski foil in a Kármán vortex street and identify an optimal path through a Kármán vortex street using empirical observability. The optimally observable trajectory is one that passes through each vortex in the street. The estimated vorticity and location of the Kármán vortex street are used in a closed-loop control to track either the optimally observable path or the energetically efficient gait exhibited by fish. Results from the closed-loop control experiments in the flow tank show that the artificial lateral line in conjunction with a potential flow model and Bayesian estimator allow the robot to perform fish-like slaloming behavior in a Kármán vortex street. This work is a precursor to an autonomous robotic fish sensing the wake of another fish and/or performing pursuit and schooling behavior.
Evaluation of an optimized [18F]fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron emission tomography voxel‐wise method to early support differential diagnosis in atypical Parkinsonian disorders

Atypical Parkinsonian disorders (APD) frequently overlap in clinical presentations, making the differential diagnosis challenging in the early stages. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the [18F]fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron emission tomography Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) optimized procedure in supporting the early and differential diagnosis of APD.
Two Distinct Pathways Leading to Nuclear Apoptosis

Apaf-1−/− or caspase-3−/− cells treated with a variety of apoptosis inducers manifest apoptosis-associated alterations including the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to nuclei, large scale DNA fragmentation, and initial chromatin condensation (stage I). However, when compared with normal control cells, Apaf-1−/− or caspase-3−/− cells fail to exhibit oligonucleosomal chromatin digestion and a more advanced pattern of chromatin condensation (stage II). Microinjection of such cells with recombinant AIF only causes peripheral chromatin condensation (stage I), whereas microinjection with activated caspase-3 or its downstream target caspase-activated DNAse (CAD) causes a more pronounced type of chromatin condensation (stage II). Similarly, when added to purified HeLa nuclei, AIF causes stage I chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation, whereas CAD induces stage II chromatin condensation and oligonucleosomal DNA degradation. Furthermore, in a cell-free system, concomitant neutralization of AIF and CAD is required to suppress the nuclear DNA loss caused by cytoplasmic extracts from apoptotic wild-type cells. In contrast, AIF depletion alone suffices to suppress the nuclear DNA loss contained in extracts from apoptotic Apaf-1−/− or caspase-3−/− cells. As a result, at least two redundant parallel pathways may lead to chromatin processing during apoptosis. One of these pathways involves Apaf-1 and caspases, as well as CAD, and leads to oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and advanced chromatin condensation. The other pathway, which is caspase-independent, involves AIF and leads to large-scale DNA fragmentation and peripheral chromatin condensation.
HDAC7 Is a Repressor of Myeloid Genes Whose Downregulation Is Required for Transdifferentiation of Pre-B Cells into Macrophages

B lymphopoiesis is the result of several cell-commitment, lineage-choice, and differentiation processes. Every differentiation step is characterized by the activation of a new, lineage-specific, genetic program and the extinction of the previous one. To date, the central role of specific transcription factors in positively regulating these distinct differentiation processes to acquire a B cell–specific genetic program is well established. However, the existence of specific transcriptional repressors responsible for the silencing of lineage inappropriate genes remains elusive. Here we addressed the molecular mechanism behind repression of non-lymphoid genes in B cells. We report that the histone deacetylase HDAC7 was highly expressed in pre-B cells but dramatically down-regulated during cellular lineage conversion to macrophages. Microarray analysis demonstrated that HDAC7 re-expression interfered with the acquisition of the gene transcriptional program characteristic of macrophages during cell transdifferentiation; the presence of HDAC7 blocked the induction of key genes for macrophage function, such as immune, inflammatory, and defense response, cellular response to infections, positive regulation of cytokines production, and phagocytosis. Moreover, re-introduction of HDAC7 suppressed crucial functions of macrophages, such as the ability to phagocytose bacteria and to respond to endotoxin by expressing major pro-inflammatory cytokines. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating HDAC7 repression in pre-B cells, we undertook co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation experimental approaches. We found that HDAC7 specifically interacted with the transcription factor MEF2C in pre-B cells and was recruited to MEF2 binding sites located at the promoters of genes critical for macrophage function. Thus, in B cells HDAC7 is a transcriptional repressor of undesirable genes. Our findings uncover a novel role for HDAC7 in maintaining the identity of a particular cell type by silencing lineage-inappropriate genes.
Use of Comparative Case Study Methodology for US Public Health Policy Analysis: A Review

Context: There is growing recognition that policies influence population health, highlighting the need for evidence to inform future policy development and reform. Objectives: This review describes how comparative case study methodology has been applied to public health policy research and discusses the methodology's potential to contribute to this evidence. Methods: English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1995 and 2012 were sought from 4 databases. Articles were included if they described comparative case studies addressing US public health policy. Two researchers independently assessed the 20 articles meeting review criteria. Main Outcome Measures: Case-related characteristics and research design tactics utilized to minimize threats to reliability and validity, such as the use of multiple sources of evidence and a case study protocol, were extracted from each article. Results: Although comparative case study methodology has been used to analyze a range of public health policies at all stages and levels, articles reported an average use of only 3.65 (out of 10) research design tactics. Conclusion: By expanding the use of accepted research design tactics, public health policy researchers can contribute to expanding the evidence needed to advance health-promoting policies.
Metadata Ranking and Pruning for Failure Detection in Grids

The objective of Grid computing is to make processing power as accessible and easy to use as electricity and water. The last decade has seen an unprecedented growth in Grid infrastructures which nowadays enables large-scale deployment of applications in the scientific computation domain. One of the main challenges in realizing the full potential of Grids is making these systems dependable. In this paper we present FailRank, a novel framework for integrating and ranking information sources that characterize failures in a grid system. After the failing sites have been ranked, these can be eliminated from the job scheduling resource pool yielding in that way a more predictable, dependable and adaptive infrastructure. We also present the tools we developed towards evaluating the FailRank framework. In particular, we present the FailBase Repository which is a 38GB corpus of state information that characterizes the EGEE Grid for one month in 2007. Such a corpus paves the way for the community to systematically uncover new, previously unknown patterns and rules between the multitudes of parameters that can contribute to failures in a Grid environment. Additionally, we present an experimental evaluation study of the FailRank system over 30 days which shows that our framework identifies failures in 93% of the cases and can achieve this by only fetching 65% of the available information sources. We believe that our work constitutes another important step towards realizing adaptive Grid computing systems.
Bilateral Impedance Control For Telemanipulators

Telemanipulator system includes master robot manipulated by human operator, and slave robot performing tasks at remote location. Two robots electronically coupled so slave robot moves in response to commands from master robot. Teleoperation greatly enhanced if forces acting on slave robot fed back to operator, giving operator feeling he or she manipulates remote environment directly. Main advantage of bilateral impedance control: enables arbitrary specification of desired performance characteristics for telemanipulator system. Relationship between force and position modulated at both ends of system to suit requirements of task.
AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF LEGITIMACY JUDGMENTS LEIGH

I develop a theoretical framework that specifies the content underlying legitimacy judgments and a model of the process by which these judgments develop and change. I argue that individual-level legitimacy judgments are based on evaluations that fall along three dimensions (instrumental, relational, and moral). I specify three stages of the legitimacy judgment process and two modes by which judgments may be developed or revised (evaluative and passive). I end by discussing implications for the study of institutional change.
Intraindividual variation in recent stress exposure as a moderator of cortisol and testosterone levels

Intraindividual variation in recent stress exposure and its impact upon cortisol and testosterone was investigated. Over 1 year, 72 young male firefighters completed the Daily Stress Inventories, for 2 shift cycles (16 days), every 3 months. At the end of each 16-day period each participant attended a 1-hr morning assessment session. Saliva samples and blood pressure measurements were taken at 10-min intervals, and at 30 min, a blood sample was drawn. Across the year of assessment, there were significant linear relationships in reported stress and in neuroendocrine activity. In contrast to expectations, as daily stress decreased across the year (p < .008), salivary cortisol increased (p < .001) and testosterone levels decreased (p < .001). Within-subjects comparisons of the sessions with the highest and lowest stress confirmed these linear relationships: Lower stress prior to the assessment session was associated with higher cortisol levels (p < .01). These results, though in contrast to the orthodoxy concerning the association between stress and cortisol, are supported by findings in a number of other studies and may constitute down regulation of cortisol activity following an increment in stress exposure.
Improving Label Noise Filtering by Exploiting Unlabeled Data

With the significant growth in the scale of data, an increasing amount of training data is available in many machine learning tasks. However, it is difficult to ensure perfect labeling with a large volume of training data. Some labels can be incorrect, resulting in label noise, which could lead to deterioration in learning performance. A common way to address label noise is to apply noise filtering techniques to identify and remove noise prior to learning. Multiple noise filtering approaches have been proposed. However, almost all existing works focus on only mislabeled training data and ignore the existence of unlabeled data. In fact, unlabeled data are common in many applications, and their values have been extensively studied and recognized. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the effective use of unlabeled data to improve the noise filtering performance. To this end, we propose a novel noise filtering algorithm called enhanced soft majority voting by exploiting unlabeled data (ESMVU), which is an ensemble-learning-based filter that adopts a soft majority voting strategy. ESMVU provides a systematic way to measure the value of unlabeled data by considering different aspects, such as label confidence and the sample distribution. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments and comparison with other methods.
An Energy Efficient Interference-aware Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs

Interference-aware routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key strategies in reducing packet loss in the highly hostile underwater environment. The reduced interference causes efficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes that, in consequence, prolongs the entire network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interference-aware routing (EEIAR) protocol for UWSNs. A sender node selects the best relay node in its neighborhood with the lowest depth and the least number of neighbors. Combination of the two routing metrics ensures that data packets are forwarded along the least interference paths to reach the final destination. The proposed work is unique in that it does not require the full dimensional localization information of sensor nodes and the network total depth is segmented to identify source, relay and neighbor nodes. Simulation results reveal better performance of the scheme than the counterparts DBR and EEDBR techniques in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.