Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Lowered Arousal on Covert and Overt Shifts of Attention

Abstract Based on previous studies demonstrating detrimental effects of reduced alertness on attentional orienting our study seeks to examine covert and overt attentional orienting in different arousal states. We hypothesized an attentional asymmetry with increasing reaction times to stimuli presented to the left visual field in a state of maximally reduced arousal. Eleven healthy participants underwent sleep deprivation and were examined repeatedly every 4 hr over 28 hr in total with two tasks measuring covert and overt orienting of attention. Contrary to our hypothesis, a reduction of arousal did not induce any asymmetry of overt orienting. Even in participants with profound and significant attentional asymmetries in covert orienting no substantial reaction time differences between left- and right-sided targets in the overt orienting task could be observed. This result is not in agreement with assumptions of a tight coupling of covert and overt attentional processes. In conclusion, we found differential effects of lowered arousal induced by sleep deprivation on covert and overt orienting of attention. This pattern of results points to a neuronal non-overlap of brain structures subserving these functions and a differential influence of the norepinephrine system on these modes of spatial attention. (JINS, 2015, 21, 545–557)
Distributed memory interface synthesis for Network-on-Chips with 3D-stacked DRAMs

Stacking DRAMs on processing cores by Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) provides abundant bandwidth and enables a distributed memory interface design. To achieve the best balance in performance and cost in an application-specific system, the distributed memory interface should be tailored for the target applications. In this paper, we propose the first distributed memory interface synthesis framework for application-specific Network-on-Chips (NoCs) with 3D-stacked DRAMs. To maximize the performance of a selected hardware configuration, the proposed framework co-synthesizes the hardware configuration of the distributed memory interface, and the software configuration, e.g. task mapping and data assignment. Since TSVs have adverse impact on chip costs and yields, the goal of the framework is minimizing the number of TSVs provided that the user-defined performance constraint is met.
Biochemical markers and hematologic indices in the diagnosis of functional iron deficiency.

BACKGROUND The hypochromic red cell is a direct indicator of functional iron deficiency (ID) in contrast to the majority of biochemical markers, which measure functional ID indirectly via iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which these biochemical markers can distinguish ID from anemia of chronic disease (ACD) as well as from the combined state of functional ID/ACD, using red cell hemoglobinization as the gold standard. METHODS We studied 442 patients with various disease-specific anemias and 154 nonanemic patients. As indicators of red cell hemoglobinization, we measured the reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and the proportion of hypochromic red cells (HYPO), using an Advia 120 hematology analyzer. Ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and the concentration of the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were determined by ELISA and immunoturbidimetric assay. The sTfR/log ferritin ratio (sTfR-F index) was used as an additional marker for biochemical identification of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. RESULTS In a control group (n = 71), the 2.5 percentile values were 28 pg for CHr and 5% for HYPO. These values were used to indicate unimpaired red cell hemoglobinization and absence of functional ID. In patients with deficient red cell hemoglobinization but no acute-phase response (APR), iron-deficient erythropoiesis was indicated by serum ferritin and sTfR-F index values < or =20.8 microg/L and >1.5, respectively. Corresponding values in patients with APR were < or =61.7 microg/L and >0.8, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios for the biochemical markers and the sTfR-F index for identifying iron-restricted erythropoiesis in patients with and without APR were 2.6-6.9 and 4.3-16.5, respectively. CONCLUSION In APR patients, biochemical markers demonstrate weaknesses in the diagnosis of functional ID as defined by hematologic indices. Use of diagnostic plots to illustrate the relationship between the sTfR-F index and CHr allows the progression of ID to be identified, regardless of whether an APR is present.
Genotypic diversity enhances invasive ability of Spartina alterniflora

Although genetic diversity is very important for alien species, which have to cope with new environments, little is known about the role that genetic diversity plays in their invasive success. In this study, we set up a manipulation experiment including three levels of genotypic diversity to test whether genotypic diversity can enhance the invasive ability of alien species, in our case the invasive Spartina alterniflora in China, and to infer the underlying mechanisms. There was no significant relationship between genotypic diversity and parameters of performance in the first year; however, from the summer of the second year onwards, genotypic diversity enhanced four of the six parameters of performance. After two growing seasons, there were significant positive relationships between genotypic diversity and maximum spread distance, patch size, shoot number per patch, and aboveground biomass. Moreover, abundance of the native dominant species Scirpus mariqueter was marginally significantly decreased with genotypic diversity of S. alterniflora, suggesting that enhanced invasive ability of S. alterniflora may have depressed the growth of the native species. There was no significant difference in most measures of performance among six genotypes, but we observed a transgressive over performance in four measures in multiple‐genotype patches. At the end of the experiment, there were significant nonadditive effects of genotypic diversity according to Monte Carlo permutations, in six‐genotype, but not three‐genotype plots. Our results indicated that both additive and nonadditive effects played roles in the positive relationship between genetic diversity and invasion success, and nonadditive effects were stronger as duration increased.
The effect of the temperature of preparation on the mechanical properties and structure of gelatin films

Gelatin films prepared by evaporation from aqueous solution at temperatures of 60°C and above differ considerably in structure and mechanical properties from films dried slowly at 20°C, when gelling precedes dehydration. In the high-temperature preparation dehydration precedes the formation of a continuous structure, and X-ray and other evidence indicates that the molecular chains are in a disordered contracted state not far removed from their condition in the sol. The high-temperature film is characterized by low strength and high recoverable extension under conditions of high relative humidity. In the low-temperature preparation the greater degree of crystallization has partially extended the molecular chains, and the unidirectional contraction of the film on drying has oriented them in the plane of the film. This film exhibits thermal contraction in hot methanol, and is stronger, but at high humidity is much less extensible, than the high-temperature preparation.
Two factor remote authentication in healthcare

In order to control access of health related data stored in public cloud, efficient authentication mechanism needs to be considered. Biometrics authentication is more reliable than traditional means of authentication because of its uniqueness and low intrusiveness. To ensure high accuracy level, two factor authentication mechanism is proposed here. In this framework, biometrics authentication is fused with secret PIN. The first factor uses simple and effective behavioral biometrics keystroke analysis model whilst the second factor uses secret PIN mechanism. In factor one authentication, keystroke analysis is proposed where raw data are collected first; then processed data are stored and trust scores are generated finally. End-user gets trust score at each factor of authentication and decision is taken based on final trust score of end-user. Performance analysis of the proposed mechanism shows its efficiency to authenticate end-users.
Absorbed dose distributions in the vicinity of high-density materials in head and neck radiotherapy A quantitative comparison between measurements, Monte Carlo simulations and treatment planning system

"Introduction: Around 1.000 people are diagnosed with head and neck cancer in Sweden every year. Radiotherapy is often used to treat these tumors. When irradiating patients in the head and neck area there are some problems. One of these problems is the large difference in density between the oral tissue and dental materials. Another problem is the image artifacts due to high-density materials in the CT-images used for radiotherapy treatment planning. These effects must be studied to assure that an optimal treatment is given Materials and methods: Dental materials were placed at 37 mm depth in a custom built water filled phantom and irradiated using photon beam energy of 6 MV. TLD and a compact ion chamber were used for obtaining depth dose curves before and after the high-density dental material at clinical relevant depths. Monte Carlo simulations were used for reference. Monte Carlo simulations were obtained using the EGSnrc user code DOSXYZnrc. The dental materials studied were composite, porcelain, titanium and a 75 % gold alloy. The sizes of the dental material were 1 cm3 except for the gold alloy that was 0.26 cm3. A computer generated phantom equal to the real phantom was created in the treatment planning system (TPS). The TPS used in this study was the Oncentra Master Plan v1.5 (Nucletron B.V. Veenendaal, The Netherlands). Two dose calculation algorithms have been evaluated, the pencil beam and the collapsed cone. Two different CT scanners have been evaluated in this study. Results: The compact ion chamber gave a much better agreement with Monte Carlo simulations than the TLD. An overestimation of 23 % in absorbed dose was found just before the gold alloy compared to the result calculated by the TPS. Also an underestimation of dose was found at 5 cm depth for the gold cavity. Differences of up to 8.8 % in absorbed dose were found between the two calculation algorithms. Differences of up to 700 HU was found between the CT-scanned dental materials and the Hounsfield scale implemented in the TPS to calculate electron density. 3.0 % difference in absorbed dose was found at 5 cm depth for the gold alloy between the two different CT-scanners. Conclusions: The 23 % difference in dose before the gold cavity due to backscattered contaminating electrons cannot be neglected. The use of bite-blocks can minimize the dose to oral tissue due to these electrons. The collapsed cone is the preferable dose calculation algorithm since it calculates dose to the actual medium. CT-scanners must be evaluated before commissioning to find the most suitable filters and reconstruction algorithms to minimize image artifacts. Limitations in the TPS such as assigning electron density and maximum density handled leads to underestimations and overestimations of absorbed dose after high-density cavities"
Failure Archaeology and Anomaly Detection for Mid-Sized Internet Sites CS 444 a / CS 294-4 , Fall 2004 Class Project

Mid-sized Internet sites have enough complexity to be failure prone, but do not have enough resources to create the resilient architectures used by large Internet sites. In this paper, we characterize failures seen in mid-sized Internet sites and evaluate the use of (i) visualization techniques to assist humans in pinpointing failures and (ii) statistical learning techniques for automated failure prediction, detection, and localization. Analysis of failure reports and HTTP request logs shows that anomalies experienced by mid-sized sites are often caused by single page bugs that can affect many other pages on the site. These anomalies can be classified as short-term outages or volume traffic anomalies. We evaluate the statistical learning techniques of Principal Component Analysis and Naive Bayes. PCA is best at detecting short-term anomalies and the wide variations in traffic that often precede them, as well as localizing failures to specific pages. A well-trained Naive Bayes algorithm can detect longerterm volume anomalies. When applying these techniques to realworld web request traffic, all of the human-detected failures are labeled as anomalous. Our techniques also detected other traffic irregularities that had not been explained to us by the administrators, suggesting that these techniques would be useful in the future.
Analyzing the Functional Properties of the Creatine Kinase System with Multiscale ‘Sloppy’ Modeling

In this study the function of the two isoforms of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in myocardium is investigated. The ‘phosphocreatine shuttle’ hypothesis states that mitochondrial and cytosolic CK plays a pivotal role in the transport of high-energy phosphate (HEP) groups from mitochondria to myofibrils in contracting muscle. Temporal buffering of changes in ATP and ADP is another potential role of CK. With a mathematical model, we analyzed energy transport and damping of high peaks of ATP hydrolysis during the cardiac cycle. The analysis was based on multiscale data measured at the level of isolated enzymes, isolated mitochondria and on dynamic response times of oxidative phosphorylation measured at the whole heart level. Using ‘sloppy modeling’ ensemble simulations, we derived confidence intervals for predictions of the contributions by phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP to the transfer of HEP from mitochondria to sites of ATP hydrolysis. Our calculations indicate that only 15±8% (mean±SD) of transcytosolic energy transport is carried by PCr, contradicting the PCr shuttle hypothesis. We also predicted temporal buffering capabilities of the CK isoforms protecting against high peaks of ATP hydrolysis (3750 µM*s−1) in myofibrils. CK inhibition by 98% in silico leads to an increase in amplitude of mitochondrial ATP synthesis pulsation from 215±23 to 566±31 µM*s−1, while amplitudes of oscillations in cytosolic ADP concentration double from 77±11 to 146±1 µM. Our findings indicate that CK acts as a large bandwidth high-capacity temporal energy buffer maintaining cellular ATP homeostasis and reducing oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism. However, the contribution of CK to the transport of high-energy phosphate groups appears limited. Mitochondrial CK activity lowers cytosolic inorganic phosphate levels while cytosolic CK has the opposite effect.
Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Indonesian Lai, Durio kutejensis (Bombacaceae (Hassk) Becc) Fruit Extract

Purpose : To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract. Methods : The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity). Results : The extract (200 μg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 μg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 μmol TE/mg at 950 μg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 μg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 μg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 μg/mL extract concentration). Conclusion : The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent. Keywords : Durio kutejensis , Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agent
SOURCE-FILTER BASED CLUSTERING FOR MONAURAL BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION

In monaural blind audio source separation scenarios, a sign l mixture is usually separated into more signals than active sour ces. Therefore it is necessary to group the separated signals to t he final source estimations. Traditionally grouping methods are su p rvised and thus need a learning step on appropriate training data. I n contrast, we discuss unsupervised clustering of the separated channels by Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC). We show that replacing the decorrelation step of the MFCC by the non-nega tive matrix factorization improves the separation quality sign ificantly. The algorithms have been evaluated on a large test set consis ting of melodies played with different instruments, vocals, spe ech, and noise.
Cryptographic role-based security mechanisms based on role-key hierarchy

Even though role-based access control (RBAC) can tremendously help us minimize the complexity in administering users, it is still needed to realize the notion of roles at the resource level. In this paper, we propose a practical cryptographic RBAC model, called role-key hierarchy model, to support various security features including signature and encryption based on role-key hierarchy. With the help of rich algebraic structure of elliptic curve, we introduce a role-based cryptosystem construction to verify the rationality and validity of our proposed model. Also, a proof-of-concept prototype implementation and performance evaluation are discussed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our mechanisms.
Annotating Negation in Spanish Clinical Texts

In this paper we present on-going work on annotating negation in Spanish clinical documents. A corpus of anamnesis and radiology reports has been annotated by two domain expert annotators with negation markers and negated events. The Dice coefficient for inter-annotator agreement is higher than 0.94 for negation markers and higher than 0.72 for negated events. The corpus will be publicly released when the annotation process is finished, constituting the first corpus annotated with negation for Spanish clinical reports available for the NLP community.
A real-time talker localization implementation using MULTI-PHAT and particle filter

The estimation of a talker location in noisy and reverberant conditions using microphone arrays requires complex algorithms. However, the rapid increase in computational performance during the last two decades has opened the way for practical real-time talker localization applications. This paper presents an implementation of such system based on steered response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT) combined with a particle filter (PF). The system utilizes the simplicity of SRP-PHAT and robustness of PF. The system is implemented using Pure Data software running on a standard laptop PC. Using realistic test data we show that accurate real-time talker location estimates can be produced even with a relatively low particle density.
Influence of deposition parameters on the stress of magnetron sputter-deposited AlN thin films on Si(100) substrates

In this work, a systematic study of the influence of five deposition parameters, i.e., process pressure, substrate temperature, target power, and substrate bias, as well as gas composition on the residual stress in fully textured polycrystalline aluminum nitride thin films deposited on Si(100) wafers using the reactive sputtering method was performed. Post-growth residual stress measurements were obtained indirectly from radius of curvature measurements of the wafer prior to and after deposition. Two different techniques were used to determine the curvature: an optically levered laser beam and an x-ray diffraction method. Stresses in both cases were then evaluated using the Stoney formulation [G.G. Stoney, Proc. R. Soc. (London) A82 , 172 (1909)]. Both methods give similar results, with slight quantitative differences. The existence of a transition region between tensile and compressive stress previously reported in the literature is also confirmed. The transition is shown to be strongly dependent on the process parameters. Optimal films regarding stress were grown at 2 mtorr, 900 W at the target, a 20/45 Ar/N_2 gas mixture, and floating potential at the substrate. The substrate temperature did not influence the measured internal stress in the films.
Novel Thin and Compact H-Plane SIW Horn Antenna

The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology allows to construct several types of commonly used antennas in a planar way. However, some practical constraints limit their performances when frequencies below 20 GHz are considered. In the case of SIW horn antennas, the available substrates are much thinner than the wavelength yielding to poor matching and undesired back radiation. In this paper, an innovative structure to overcome these limitations is presented. It consists of a transition printed on the same SIW substrate, which improves both the radiation and the matching performances of conventional SIW horns. The horn shape is also further optimized by reducing its dimensions required for a given directivity. This is obtained by modifying the horn profile in order to effectively combine different TE modes. Guidelines are provided to design this type of thin and compact SIW horn antenna. They were applied to manufacture a prototype in the Ku-band with a substrate thinner than λ0/10. Measurement results validate the proposed concepts showing excellent performances.
A framework for multidimensional learning using multilabel ranking

Multidimensional learning problem which is a more general form of supervised machine learning dealing with learning a function that maps a vector of input features to a vector of class labels is discussed in this paper. The study focuses on a framework which uses multilabel ranking with an emphasis on solving multidimensional learning problems. Performance of the framework is evaluated using mean accuracy, global accuracy and entropy of accuracy. Studies using real world benchmark dataset have shown that all the assumptions made in building the framework are valid. In addition to this, studies are carried out on images from eddy current non-destructive testing of stainless steel plate having subsurface defects clearly confirm that the proposed framework is well suitable for learning multidimensional problems and is superior to uni-dimensional learning algorithms.
A practical approach for the design of nonuniform lapped transforms

We propose a simple method for the design of lapped transforms with nonuniform frequency resolution and good time localization. The method is a generalization of an approach previously proposed by Princen, where the nonuniform filter bank is obtained by joining uniform cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs) using a transition filter. We use several transition filters to obtain a near perfect-reconstruction (PR) nonuniform lapped transform with significantly reduced overall distortion. The main advantage of the proposed method is in reducing the length of the transition filters, which leads to a reduction in processing delay that can be useful for applications such as real-time audio coding