Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carotid Sinus Syndrome: New Surgical Considerations

1. Direct surgical denervation of the carotid sinus would appear to offer the best long-term results for carotid sinus syncope. 2. Carotid sinus denervation should be done under temporary cardiac pacing for safety and for completeness of denervation. 3. Arteriography is indicated to eliminate those cases of cerebral vascular insufficiency that might mimic carotid sinus syndrome. Credit must be given to Dr. R. Hughes, Clearfield, Pa. , who recognized this diagnosis and referred the patient for therapy.
Report on the Annotation Task in ImageCLEFmed 2005

In the medical image annotation task we have mainly explored ways to use different image features to achieve robust classification performance, including both global features and regional blob features. Experimental results show that using a combination of the blob region feature and three low resolution pixel maps (gray level, texture and contrast) can achieve the highest recognition accuracy. All these features are normalized and stacked to form a one-dimension feature vector as inputs of classifiers. In our experiments Supporting Vector Machines (SVM) with RBF (radial basis functions) kernels are used for the classification task, trained over a subset of 9000 given medical training images. Our proposed method has achieved a recognition rate of 89% over a subset of the training images which were not used in the SVM training. According to the evaluation result from the imageCLEF05 organizers, our method has achieved a recognition rate of about 80% over the 1000 testing images.
Investigations into the Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Self‐Resistance of Toxoflavin in Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5

Pseudomonas spp. are prolific producers of natural products from many structural classes. Here we show that the soil bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5 is capable of producing trace levels of the triazine natural product toxoflavin (1) under microaerobic conditions. We evaluated toxoflavin production by derivatives of Pf‐5 with deletions in specific biosynthesis genes, which led us to propose a revised biosynthetic pathway for toxoflavin that shares the first two steps with riboflavin biosynthesis. We also report that toxM, which is not present in the well‐characterized cluster of Burkholderia glumae, encodes a monooxygenase that degrades toxoflavin. The toxoflavin degradation product of ToxM is identical to that of TflA, the toxoflavin lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa. Toxoflavin production by P. protegens causes inhibition of several plant‐pathogenic bacteria, and introduction of toxM into the toxoflavin‐sensitive strain Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 results in resistance to toxoflavin.
SLA-Aware Application Deployment and Resource Allocation in Clouds

Provisioning resources as a service in a scalable on-demand manner is a basic feature in Cloud computing technology. Service provisioning in Clouds is based on Service Level Agreements (SLAs) representing a contract signed between the customer and the service provider stating the terms of the agreement including non-functional requirements of the service specified as Quality of Service (QoS), obligations, and penalties in case of agreement violations. On the one hand SLA violation should be prevented to avoid costly penalties and on the other hand providers have to efficiently utilize resources to minimize cost for the service provisioning. Thus, scheduling strategies considering multiple SLA parameters and efficient allocation of resources are necessary. Recent work considers various strategies with single SLA parameters. However, those approaches are limited to simple workflows and single task applications. Scheduling and deploying service requests considering multiple SLA parameters such as amount of CPU required, network bandwidth, memory and storage are still open research challenges. In this paper, we present a novel scheduling heuristic considering multiple SLA parameters for deploying applications in Clouds. We discuss in details the heuristic design and implementation and finally present detailed evaluations as a proof of concept emphasizing the performance of our approach.
The Anthropology of International Development

This review examines how international development has been studied by anthropologists, both as a particular form of institutional practice and as the terms of global economic and cultural integration. This review also explains a shift from an anthropological critique of the discursive power of development toward the ethnographic treatment of development as a category of practice. It reviews research into organizational and knowledge practices, and the life-worlds of “Aidland,” before turning to anthropological approaches to neoliberal development and the new aid architecture and, finally, to three significant current issues: the importance of business in development and corporate social responsibility; the donor focus on poverty as the result of the failure of government, conflict, and insecurity; and the growing importance of new donors such as China and India. This review concludes with comments about how engagement with international development has encouraged reflection on the practice of anthropolog.
Under Construction: ESDP and the ‘Fight Against Organized Crime’

Abstract This essay discusses the phenomenon of ‘organized crime’ as a matter for EU foreign and security policy. Primarily aimed at searching for conceptual guidance, it draws on literature on criminology and policing, presenting two different theoretical perspectives for analyzing the phenomenon of ‘organized-crime fighting’, a utilitarian and a critical one. Against this backdrop, the essay discusses how ESDP (European Security and Defence Policy) has developed and engaged the issue of organized crime. Specifically, it outlines the character of ESDP as a mechanism for ‘civilian crisis management’ and illustrates its ‘working’ through the case of the EU's police mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) by placing it in the two different theoretical frames. Deciding in favour of a social constructivist approach, the essay concludes by suggesting that a successful strategy must focus on the dissemination of the EU's understanding of ‘organized crime’ abroad.
Private and Public Prisons: A Comparison of Costs, Programs and Facilities

This article compares three privately operated prisons with three publicly operated prisons in an effort to learn which is run more efficiently. Through a comparative cost analysis of private and public prisons the author found that the private prisons provided more services at lower cost than their public counterparts. Factors that may have contributed to this include: increased economies when purchasing goods; less bureaucratic red tape; better control over resources; more flexible manpower usage; and the ability to build prisons quickly. The author concluded from the findings of this study that comparative cost analyses and possible future research on the privatization of prisons will support the argument by proponents of prison privatization that private operation ofprisons is a worthwhile endeavor.
Identification of a ligand for IgG‐Fc derived from a soluble peptide library based on fusion proteins secreted by S. cerevisiae

Biological libraries are important tools in the development of new peptide‐based compounds. Here, we describe the use of a soluble peptide library system as a complementary tool in the field of ligand development. Random peptides were expressed in S. cerevisiae as carboxy‐terminal extensions of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eIF5a) and secreted into the culture supernatant. Expression and screening of this library were performed in a microwell format. As an example of this versatile approach, we describe the identification of a ligand for the human IgG‐Fc fragment. Ligands binding IgG‐Fc show great potential in a wide variety of applications including development of therapeutics, streamlining the large‐scale purification of antibodies, and applications in diagnostic tests. We demonstrated the utility of this system. After screening only 6160 clones, we identified a ligand with the peptide sequence of TRRRTCSPPTWPRARARSTPSGCSSTGPSANRG. An affinity constant of 3.9 x 105 M‐1 was determined by a biosensor method. Handling and maintenance of this library is conceptually simple and highly applicable for automated high‐throughput systems.
Which Instant Messaging System Should I Choose: A Conceptual Model

Recent years, China has become one of the biggest market for International IT product giants have entered China market in recent years, such as MSN, Google, eBay, and Yahoo! All of these products experience fierce competitions from indigenous IT products. Although indigenous IT products provide almost the same function as their international competitors, they dominate the market after passing the phase of imitation. What are the key reasons for their success? In this paper, we compare the detailed designs of MSN vs. QQ. By proposing a conceptual model, we investigate how the different functions of MSN and QQ lead to different users' adoption intention. The conceptual model is not only helpful for researchers who are keen to investigate the factors which affect IT adoption process, but also shed light on how to understand users behavior and grab the market share for practitioners in China.
Kinetochore stretching inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors the attachment of microtubules to the kinetochore and inhibits anaphase when microtubule binding is incomplete. The SAC might also respond to tension; however, how cells can sense tension and whether its detection is important to satisfy the SAC remain controversial. We generated a HeLa cell line in which two components of the kinetochore, centromere protein A and Mis12, are labeled with green and red fluorophores, respectively. Live cell imaging of these cells reveals repetitive cycles of kinetochore extension and recoiling after biorientation. Under conditions in which kinetochore stretching is suppressed, cells fail to silence the SAC and enter anaphase after a delay, regardless of centromere stretching. Monitoring cyclin B levels as a readout for anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activity, we find that suppression of kinetochore stretching delays and decelerates cyclin B degradation. These observations suggest that the SAC monitors stretching of kinetochores rather than centromeres and that kinetochore stretching promotes silencing of the SAC signal.
Emerging Research Challenges in Computer Games and Software Engineering

This paper provides an overview and review of R&D studies, findings, and practices that identify important problems that constitute an emerging program of future R&D opportunities relevant to established scholars and new students interested in computer games and software engineering (CGSE). This includes examining how computer games may be used to address long-standing, grand challenge problems in software engineering in new ways. The review also examines other challenges in game software requirements engineering, game software design, game software testing, teamwork processes in CGSE, global CGSE, and other closely related areas for CGSE research. From these results, it becomes possible to identify and outline possible areas for future CGSE research opportunities that may be appropriate for consideration by students, scholars, or research agencies seeking to build up scientific and technological capabilities in CGSE research and educational practice.
Acute Effects of Static Stretching, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching, and Maximum Voluntary Contractions on Explosive Force Production and Jumping Performance

Warm-up prior to physical activity is a well accepted practice believed to reduce the risk of injury and enhance performance (McArdle, Katch, & Katch, 1991; Safran, Seaber, & Garrett, 1989). Various stretching techniques are commonly included in a warm-up to reduce muscle stiffness and increase the range of motion (ROM) at joints. Stanley and McNair (1996) compared the effects of running, static stretching, and combined running and stretching on muscle stiffness and ROM. While the combination of running and stretching were most effective for increasing ankle ROM, stretching added nothing to running to decrease musculotendinous (MTEN) stiffness. Although stretching is generally effective for inducing acute and chronic changes in ROM (Alter: 1996; Wienmann & Hahn 1997;Wiktorsson-Moller,Oberg, Ekstrand, & Gillquist, 1983), its effects on MTEN stiffness and the optimum stiffness for physicalperformance are not so clear (WIlson,1991). Eight weeks ofstatic stretching training of the pectoral muscle group has been shown to result in a 7.2% decrease in MTEN stiffness, as measured by an oscillation technique (Wilson, Elliott, & Wood, 1992). This was accompanied by a significant increase in bench press performance when this exercise was performed using a
Mobile crèches: a way of reaching children of poverty

Background Early intervention programmes can minimize the negative impacts of poverty on children's development and learning. The success of these programmes relies on considering several interrelated components, including, but not limited to, working with parents as partners, using a holistic approach in educating children and supporting children's immediate environment and their mothers and fathers. Purpose This study aimed to provide an in-depth description of mobile crèches in Denizli, Turkey, focusing on providing the perceptions of key stakeholders involved in the mobile crèche, including administrators, teachers, parents and children. Programme description Mobile crèches were established by the Ministry of National Education of Turkey (MONE), municipalities and universities to provide early childhood education (ECE) services to children in poverty. Launched in 2004, the mobile crèches were considered as an alternative programme to centre-based ECE. The most notable characteristic of the mobile crèches is that the buses are used as ECE classrooms. Sample The participants of this study were representative of the key stakeholders involved with two mobile crèches, including: an administrator, eight teachers, four parents, and 20 children. All stakeholders who volunteered to participate were involved in the study. A total of 33 participants were interviewed. Design and methods This is a qualitative case study of two mobile crèches in Denizli, Turkey. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with the administrator, teachers, children, and parents in the mobile crèches. The interviews lasted between 30 minutes and one and a half hours. Data were analysed using content analysis techniques. Two researchers independently analysed the data and negotiated the emerging themes, representative excerpts and agreed upon the categories within these themes. Results This research revealed three emerging themes: (1) the promising effects of the mobile crèches, (2) the challenges of the mobile crèches and (3) the support systems of the mobile crèches. The first theme discussed the impacts of mobile crèches on the development and learning of the children and the perceptions of other stakeholders. The second theme dealt with the challenges of the mobile crèches. The final theme identified systems of support to overcome these challenges. Conclusions The findings revealed that participants viewed the mobile crèches as an essential advantage for children in poverty. Mobile crèches were perceived as an agent to advance the development and school readiness of the children. Perhaps, with improvements in curriculum and community services, mobile crèches can be a way to reach disadvantaged children in developing countries.
Evolutionary capacity of upper thermal limits: beyond single trait assessments

Thermal tolerance is an important factor influencing the distribution of ectotherms, but we still have limited understanding of the ability of species to evolve different thermal limits. Recent studies suggest that species may have limited capacity to evolve higher thermal limits in response to slower, more ecologically relevant rates of warming. However, these conclusions are based on univariate estimates of adaptive capacity. To test these findings within an explicitly multivariate context, we used a paternal half-sibling breeding design to estimate the multivariate evolutionary potential for upper thermal limits in Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed heat tolerance using static (basal and hardened) and ramping assays. Additive genetic variances were significantly different from zero only for the static measures of heat tolerance. Our G matrix analysis revealed that any response to selection for increased heat tolerance will largely be driven by static basal and hardened heat tolerance, with minimal contribution from ramping heat tolerance. These results suggest that the capacity to evolve upper thermal limits in nature may depend on the type of thermal stress experienced.
Comparative Education and World-Systems Analysis

This essay is a call for world-systems analysis of education. Increasingly, the field of comparative education is moving toward more sophisticated examinations of education in relationship to economic, political, and social forces. Studies of the ecology of educational institutions and processes, however, often fail to take into account an international context of transactions. To date, most macro studies of education have taken the nation-state as the basic unit of analysis. ' An examination of the international forces impinging upon education systems is no less essential than an examination of the international economic order would be to an
Nanoscale TiO2 nanotubes govern the biological behavior of human glioma and osteosarcoma cells

Cells respond to their surroundings through an interactive adhesion process that has direct effects on cell proliferation and migration. This research was designed to investigate the effects of TiO2 nanotubes with different topographies and structures on the biological behavior of cultured cells. The results demonstrated that the nanotube diameter, rather than the crystalline structure of the coatings, was a major factor for the biological behavior of the cultured cells. The optimal diameter of the nanotubes was 20 nm for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in both glioma and osteosarcoma cells. The expression levels of vitronectin and phosphor-focal adhesion kinase were affected by the nanotube diameter; therefore, it is proposed that the responses of vitronectin and phosphor-focal adhesion kinase to the nanotube could modulate cell fate. In addition, the geometry and size of the nanotube coating could regulate the degree of expression of acetylated α-tubulin, thus indirectly modulating cell migration behavior. Moreover, the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were influenced by the topography. In conclusion, a nanotube diameter of 20 nm was the critical threshold that upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 and obviously decreased the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. This information will be useful for future biomedical and clinical applications.
New genetic-fuzzy controller for improving stability of superconducting generator with high response excitation in a SMIB power system

As continuity of our previous published works dealing with improving transient stability of the superconducting generator with high response excitation (SGHRE), we have introduced in this paper fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) in the excitation and governor loops. In order to obtain optimal values of normalization and de-normalization factors, a genetic algorithm has been used (GFEG). Non-linear simulation results of SMIB, under different operating conditions, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer GFEG.
Foreign Policy Beliefs in Contemporary Britain: Structure and Relevance

This paper examines the structure and domestic political relevance of foreign policy beliefs in contemporary Britain. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of data gathered in five national surveys conducted between May and September 2008 show that the British public’s foreign policy beliefs are organized by two latent factors, which we label Liberal Internationalism and British Militarism. These factors closely resemble those reported in studies of the foreign policy beliefs of the American public. Analyses reveal significant covariation between the two foreign policy belief factors and voting intentions, as well as with partisanship and feelings about party leaders—key predictor variables in voting behaviour models. These relationships remain significant in the presence of several controls, including measures of incumbent government performance in domestic and foreign policy domains. Demonstrating that foreign policy beliefs matter for the fates of political parties and their leaders helps to explain how public opinion in democratic politics affects the conduct of international relations.
Post-Soviet Politics

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the area specialty of Soviet Politics has been transformed. Research on six themes is reviewed: state and revolution, democratization, federalism, economic growth, international relations, and institutional legacies reflecting the communist past. The review finds that post-Soviet research speaks directly to current trends in political science, and the findings of this research should impel generalists to re-specify their theories. A recommendation is offered that the study of post-Soviet politics should push political science away from a notion of institutionalization and in the direction of identifying institutional equilibria.
IN TOUCH WITH YOUR FEELINGS: POWER INCREASES RELIANCE ON BODILY INFORMATION

Bodily feelings guide behavior. The present research examines how power affects reliance on nourishment-associated feelings. In Study 1 participants were primed with power or powerlessness and took part in a taste study. Hunger predicted the amount of food eaten by powerful but not by powerless participants. In Study 2 participants were assigned to a powerful or a powerless role and ate appetizing (chocolates) or non-appetizing (radishes) food. Powerful participants ate more appetizing food and less non-appetizing food, when compared to powerless participants. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that power increases reliance on experiential information.
Lack of muscle recovery after immobilization in old rats does not result from a defect in normalization of the ubiquitin–proteasome and the caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathways

Immobilization periods increase with age because of decreased mobility and/or because of increased pathological episodes that require bed‐rest. Then, sarcopaenia might be partially explained by an impaired recovery of skeletal muscle mass after a catabolic state due to an imbalance of muscle protein metabolism, apoptosis and cellular regeneration. Mechanisms involved during muscle recovery have been little studied and in elderly they remain almost unknown. We show, in rats, that a short immobilization period during ageing initiated muscle atrophy that was indeed not recovered after 40 days. Immobilization was associated with an activation of both the ubiquitin–proteasome and the mitochondria‐associated apoptotic pathways and the inflammatory and redox processes, and a decrease of cellular regeneration. We show that the lack of muscle recovery during ageing is not due to a defect in proteolysis or apoptosis down‐regulation. These observations lead us to hypothesize that muscle protein synthesis activation after immobilization was altered during ageing.