Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.

BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus is one of the most common premalignant lesions in the world. Currently the mainstay of therapy is surgical management of advanced cancer but this has improved the five-year survival very little in the last 30 years. As a consequence, improved survival relies on early detection through endoscopic surveillance programmes. Success of this strategy relies on the fact that late stage premalignant lesions or very early cancers can be cured by intervention. Currently there is considerable controversy over which method is best: i.e. conventional open surgery or endotherapy (techniques involving endoscopy). OBJECTIVES We used data from randomised controlled trials to examine the effectiveness of endotherapies compared with surgery, in people with Barrett's Oesophagus; those with early neoplasias (defined as high grade dysplasia (HGD), and those with early cancer (defined as carcinoma in-situ, superficially invasive, early cancer or superficial cancer T-1m (T1-a) and T-1sm (T1-b)). SEARCH STRATEGY We used the Cochrane highly sensitive search strategy to identify randomized trials in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, EBMR, Controlled Trials mRCT and ISRCTN and LILACS, in July and August 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA Types of studies: randomised controlled trials comparing endotherapies with surgery in the treatment of high grade dysplasia (HGD), or early cancer. All cellular types of cancer were included (i.e. adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and more unusual types) but will be discussed separately. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS patients of any age and either gender with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of early neoplasia (HGD and early cancer) in Barrett's or squamous lined oesophagus.Types of interventions; endotherapies (the intervention) compared with surgery (the control), all with curative intent. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Reports of studies which meet the inclusion criteria for this review would have been analysed using the methods detailed in Appendix 9. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any studies which met the inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This Cochrane review has indicated that there are no randomised control trials to compare management options in this vital area, therefore trials should be undertaken as a matter of urgency. The problems with such randomised methods are standardising surgery and endotherapies in all sites; standardising histopathology in all centres; assessing which patients are fit or unfit for surgery; and making sure there are relevant outcomes for the study i.e. no progression of high grade dysplasia or long term survival i.e. over five years.
Pros and cons of route optimization schemes for network mobility (NEMO) and their effects on handovers

No one can deny the importance of mobility in modern communication networks and Internet is no exception. IETF has introduced the Network Mobility (NEMO) protocol to support a moving network. NEMO solves many problems of Mobile IP (MIP) to support a moving group of users, but introduces some problems of its own like suboptimal routing and multiple levels of encapsulation. These problems occur because the NEMO basic support protocol (NEMO BSP) does not support route optimization and because of nested mobile networks. Many solutions have been proposed in the literature to solve these problems. In this article we present a comprehensive survey of those solutions and will discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We also outline the effect of these solutions on handovers and a summary is provided in the form of a table at the end.
Multi-authority attribute-based access control scheme in mHealth cloud with unbounded attribute universe and decryption outsourcing

Multi-Authority Attribute-Based Encryption (MA-ABE) is a practical cryptographic primitive for enforcing fine-grained attribute-based access control of personal health information (PHI) in mobile healthcare (mHealth) cloud. Existing schemes are either limited to restricted attribute universe or lack of efficient decryption algorithm for users. In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure multi-authority attribute-based access control scheme for PHI in mHealth cloud. The proposed scheme simultaneously supports unbounded attribute universe and offers efficient decryption outsourcing approach without leaking the PHI privacy. It enables the PHI owner to define access policy in the form of any monotonic access structures. We prove the security in the standard model. Compared with relevant schemes, our scheme can reduce the user's decryption cost from increasing linearly with the number of attributes to constant.
Modulation of Type 1 Inositol (1,4,5)-Trisphosphate Receptor Function by Protein Kinase A and Protein Phosphatase 1α

Type 1 inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R1s) play a major role in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling. The InsP3R1s are phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), but the functional consequences of InsP3R1 phosphorylation and the mechanisms that control the phosphorylated state of neuronal InsP3R1s are poorly understood. In a yeast two-hybrid screen of rat brain cDNA library with the InsP3R1-specific bait, we isolated the protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α). In biochemical experiments, we confirmed the specificity of the InsP3R1–PP1α association and immunoprecipitated the InsP3R1–PP1 complex from rat brain synaptosomes and from the neostriatal lysate. We also established that the association with PP1 facilitates dephosphorylation of PKA-phosphorylated InsP3R1 by the endogenous neostriatal PP1 and by the recombinant PP1α. We demonstrated that exposure of neostriatal slices to 8-bromo-cAMP, dopamine, calyculin A, or cyclosporine A, but not to 10 nm okadaic acid, promotes the phosphorylation of neostriatal InsP3R1 by PKA in vivo. We discovered that PKA activates and PP1α inhibits the activity of recombinant InsP3R1 reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. We found that phosphorylation of InsP3R1 by PKA induces at least a fourfold increase in the sensitivity of InsP3R1 to activation by InsP3 without shifting the peak of InsP3R1 bell-shaped Ca2+dependence. Based on these data, we suggest that InsP3R1 may participate in cross talk between cAMP and Ca2+signaling in the neostriatum and possibly in other regions of the brain.
(3S,4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-Cyclopropylmethyl-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-4,12-methano-1-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-3-ium 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate methanol solvate

In the title compound, C21H26F3NO6 +·CF3COO−·CH3OH or S-MNTX·CF3COO−·CH3OH (MNTX = methylnaltrexone), the conformation of the polycyclic backbone of the noroxymorphone skeleton can be simplified in terms of the angles between the least-squares planes of these rings. The dihedral angle between the cyclohexene and piperidine rings is 84.5 (6)°, while the dihedral angles between the planes of cyclohexane ring and the benzene, cyclohexene and piperidine rings, respectively, are 85.8 (6),80.0 (7) and 10.3 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The trifluoroacetate F atoms are disordered in a 0.710 (14):0.710 (14) ratio. The absolute stereochemistry was inferred from the use of (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one as one of the starting materials.
SCV2: A model-based validation and verification approach to system-of-systems engineering

Model-Based Systems Engineering provides an effective methodology for designing complex systems and System-of-Systems. More importantly, such an approach opens the possibility to automatically generate executable simulators from system modules using model-to-code transformations, in order to verify the system model's completeness and validate design requirements. However, the user may still need to write code segments to describe the detailed functionality of system components. In this paper, we present the SCV2 tool, which allows the simulation of big size heterogeneous/multiple-class systems and system-of-systems, imposes code-model consistency and aided statechart design through reverse code-to-model transformations, and provides query-based requirement validation and functionality verification through an intuitive user interface. Finally, we present a use-case showing the utilization of the tool in the WiBRATE FP7 project for early-stage validation of system requirements.
A review of the scientific basis for uncertainty factors for use in quantitative risk assessment for the induction of allergic contact dermatitis

Safety evaluations for chemicals which possess the ability to cause sensitization by skin contact have traditionally been done using an ad hoc comparative risk assessment technique. Recently, several papers have been published supporting the use of an alternative, and potentially better, quantitative risk assessment approach. While they represent a relatively new approach to risk assessment for sensitizers, quantitative methods have been used for decades to support risk assessments for systemic toxicity. Historically, these methods have involved the extrapolation of toxicity data − generally from studies in laboratory animals at relatively high doses to human exposures at lower doses. For toxicity endpoints with a threshold, this process has traditionally involved the use of uncertainty factors. For example, uncertainty factors are commonly used to extrapolate from laboratory animals to humans, and from ‘average’ humans to sensitive subpopulations. In the absence of data to support a different value, a default factor of 10 is widely accepted for each of these areas. Recent papers have advocated the use of a similar approach to characterize the risk of the induction of skin sensitization by allergens of varying potency and potential for skin contact. As with other forms of toxicity, a quantitative assessment of risk for allergic skin reactions can be approached by identifying a NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and applying appropriate uncertainty factors. Three major areas of data extrapolation have been identified: inter‐individual susceptibility, the influence of vehicle or product matrix, and exposure considerations. This paper provides an overview of each of these areas with an evaluation of the available scientific database to support an uncertainty factor in the range of 1–10 for each area.
A Cost-Sensitive Visual Question-Answer Framework for Mining a Deep And-OR Object Semantics from Web Images

This paper presents a cost-sensitive Question-Answering (QA) framework for learning a nine-layer And-Or graph (AoG) from web images, which explicitly represents object categories, poses, parts, and detailed structures within the parts in a compositional hierarchy. The QA framework is designed to minimize an overall risk, which trades off the loss and query costs. The loss is defined for nodes in all layers of the AoG, including the generative loss (measuring the likelihood for the images) and the discriminative loss (measuring the fitness to human answers). The cost comprises both human labor of answering questions and the computational cost of model learning. The cost-sensitive QA framework iteratively selects different storylines of questions to update different nodes in the AoG. Experiments showed that our method required much less human supervision (e.g., labeling parts on 3--10 training objects for each category) and achieved better performance than baseline methods.
Software Aging Forecasting Model of Service-Oriented Application Server Based on Wavelet Network with Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Web services are gaining acceptance as a standards- based approach for integrating loosely coupled services. Achieving high levels of reliability and availability of service-oriented application server in spite of service or infrastructure failures poses new challenges. According to the characteristic of performance parameters of service-oriented application sever, a new software aging forecasting model based on wavelet network is proposed. The structure and parameters of wavelet network are optimized with genetic algorithm and evolutionary programming. The objective is to observe and model the existing systematic parameter data series of service- oriented application server to forecast software aging. The experiments are carried out to validate the efficiency of the proposed model and show that the aging forecasting model based on wavelet network with adaptive genetic algorithm is superior to the BP neural network model and wavelet network model in the aspects of convergence rate and forecasting precision.
Modeling-free evaluation of resonant liquid sensors for measuring viscosity and density

A performance estimation method for resonant viscosity and density sensors is described. The ultimate sensor precision and the separability of density and viscosity from measured frequency spectra are estimated. The approach relies on using recently introduced models which are flexible enough to describe a large class of sensors. It is therefore not required to develop a specific sensor model and a parameter extraction method for each newly devised sensor. With the method introduced in this contribution, it is sufficient to adjust and validate a general model using at least three test liquids. Then, the error propagation and the error bounds for viscosity and density can be estimated and consequently the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the amount of required data points can be determined. This method enables direct comparison of different sensor setups as will be demonstrated for piezoelectric tuning fork sensors, electrodynamic platelet sensors and steel tuning forks.
Validation of the modified allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) severity classification in allergic rhinitis children: the PEDRIAL study

A modified allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) (m‐ARIA) criterion to classify the severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) has recently been validated in both treated and untreated adult patients; however, such information in children is lacking. The aim of this study was to validate this m‐ARIA severity criterion, which allows for discrimination between moderate and severe AR, in a large pediatric patient sample population.
No users no dataspaces! Query-driven dataspace orchestration?

Data analysis in rich spaces of heterogeneous data sources is an increasingly common activity. Examples include querying the web of linked data and personal information management. Such analytics on dataspaces is often iterative and dynamic, in an open-ended interaction between discovery and data orchestration. The current state of the art in integration and orchestration in dataspaces is primarily geared towards close-ended analysis, targeting the discovery of stable data mappings or one-time, pay-as-you-go ad hoc data mappings. The perspective here is dataspace-centric. In this paper, we propose a shift to a user-centric perspective on dataspace orchestration. We outline basic conceptual and technical challenges in supporting data analytics which is open-ended and always evolving, as users respond to new discoveries and connections.
Improved SNR in phase contrast velocimetry with five‐point balanced flow encoding

Phase contrast velocimetry can be utilized to measure complex flow for both quantitative and qualitative assessment of vascular hemodynamics. However, phase contrast requires that a maximum measurable velocity be set that balances noise and phase aliasing. To efficiently reduce noise in phase contrast images, several investigators have proposed extended velocity encoding schemes that use extra encodings to unwrap phase aliasing; however, existing techniques can lead to significant increases in echo and scan time, limiting their clinical benefits. In this work, we have developed a novel five‐point velocity encoding scheme that efficiently reduces noise with minimal increases in scan and echo time. Investigations were performed in phantoms, demonstrating a 63% increase in velocity‐to‐noise ratio compared to standard four‐point encoding schemes. Aortic velocity measurements were performed in healthy volunteers, showing similar velocity‐to‐noise ratio improvements. In those volunteers, it was also demonstrated that, without sacrificing accuracy, low‐resolution images can be used for the fifth encoding point, reducing the scan time penalty from 25% down to less than 1%. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Execution of structured analysis specifications with an object oriented Petri net approach

The dynamic behavior of the basic modeling elements of the real-time structured-analysis specification method has been defined with an object-oriented approach as a hierarchy of classes of Smalltalk-inscribed Petri nets. As a result of this definition, a given instance of a structured-analysis basic modeling element can be derived as an instance of the corresponding net class. These instances can be connected together to form an equivalent net to a given structured-analysis specification. A scheduling algorithm has been defined for Smalltalk-inscribed Petri nets meeting the execution rules for real-time structured analysis. This algorithm has also been implemented in the SPECS specification and prototyping environment, thus allowing the graphic execution of structured-analysis specifications. <<ETX>>
First order reversal curve diagrams and thermal relaxation effects in magnetic particles

SUMMARY We have recently developed a technique for characterizing the magnetic components within natural particle assemblages. This technique is based on the transformation of magnetization data from first-order reversal curves (FORCs) into contour plots of a 2-D distribution function (FORC diagrams). FORC diagrams are useful for obtaining information about switching fields and interactions in magnetic particle systems. Here, we examine experimental data and a theoretical model in order to provide a rigorous framework for interpreting FORC diagrams for samples that contain superparamagnetic particles. We have found four distinct manifestations of thermal relaxation on FORC diagrams. First, thermal relaxation will shift the FORC distribution to lower coercivities. Second, at intermediate temperatures, thermal relaxation can generate a secondary peak about the origin of a FORC diagram. This secondary peak indicates that part of a singledomain particle assemblage has become superparamagnetic. At high enough temperatures, the primary peak of the FORC distribution will be located about the origin of a FORC diagram. Third, thermal relaxation can produce a small, but systematic, upward shift of a FORC distribution. Fourth, thermal relaxation will produce contours that lie near and parallel to the vertical axis in the lower quadrant of a FORC diagram. These manifestations make FORC diagrams a powerful tool for studying the effects of thermal relaxation (superparamagnetism) in bulk natural samples, particularly when the samples contain mixed magnetic particle assemblages.
Sustaining Engagement in Longitudinal Research With Vulnerable Families: A Mixed-Methods Study of Attrition

The aim of this mixed-methods study was to investigate attrition at the age 10-year follow-up in a study of vulnerable children and their families living with low income following a two-generation preschool program in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Quantitative factors associated with attrition included: (a) food bank use; (b) unstable housing; (c) child welfare involvement; (d) unpartnered status; and (e) caregiver noncompletion of high school. Qualitative themes related to attrition included: (a) income and employment; (b) health; (c) unstable housing; (d) change of guardianship; (e) domestic violence; (f) work and time management challenges; and (g) negative caregiver–child relationships. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results occurred using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs; families with unmet physiological, safety, belongingness and love needs, and esteem needs were more likely to attrite. Attrition in longitudinal studies with vulnerable families is complex, affected by frequently changing life circumstances, and struggles to access necessities of life. Strategies for retaining vulnerable families in longitudinal research are offered.
Adaptive Filter Performance Analysis: A Unified Approach

Based on the theory of simple preconditioned iterative linear equation solvers, we recently introduced a framework within which all major adaptive filter algorithms can be viewed as special cases through the specification of a few parameters. This resulted in two versions of a generic adaptive filter update equation which we in this paper use in deriving general explicit expressions for the learning curve, the steady state excess mean square error (EMSE) and the steady state mean square coefficient deviation (MSD) that are applicable to many families of adaptive filter algorithms. We present experimental results supporting the usefulness and validity of our approach.
Iterative Edit-Based Unsupervised Sentence Simplification

We present a novel iterative, edit-based approach to unsupervised sentence simplification. Our model is guided by a scoring function involving fluency, simplicity, and meaning preservation. Then, we iteratively perform word and phrase-level edits on the complex sentence. Compared with previous approaches, our model does not require a parallel training set, but is more controllable and interpretable. Experiments on Newsela and WikiLarge datasets show that our approach is nearly as effective as state-of-the-art supervised approaches.
Significance of Light, Sugar, and Amino Acid Supply for Diurnal Gene Regulation in Developing Barley Caryopses1[W][OA]

The caryopses of barley (Hordeum vulgare), as of all cereals, are complex sink organs optimized for starch accumulation and embryo development. While their early to late development has been studied in great detail, processes underlying the caryopses’ diurnal adaptation to changes in light, temperature, and the fluctuations in phloem-supplied carbon and nitrogen have remained unknown. In an attempt to identify diurnally affected processes in developing caryopses at the early maturation phase, we monitored global changes of both gene expression and metabolite levels. We applied the 22 K Barley1 GeneChip microarray and identified 2,091 differentially expressed (DE) genes that were assigned to six major diurnal expression clusters. Principal component analysis and other global analyses demonstrated that the variability within the data set relates to genes involved in circadian regulation, storage compound accumulation, embryo development, response to abiotic stress, and photosynthesis. The correlation of amino acid and sugar profiles with expression trajectories led to the identification of several hundred potentially metabolite-regulated DE genes. A comparative analysis of our data set and publicly available microarray data disclosed suborgan-specific expression of almost all diurnal DE genes, with more than 350 genes specifically expressed in the pericarp, endosperm, or embryo tissues. Our data reveal a tight linkage between day/night cycles, changes in light, and the supply of carbon and nitrogen. We present a model that suggests several phases of diurnal gene expression in developing barley caryopses, summarized as starvation and priming, energy collection and carbon fixation, light protection and chaperone activity, storage and growth, and embryo development.