Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling Dynamic Data and Indirect Mutual Trust for Cloud Computing Storage Systems

Storage-as-a-service offered by cloud service providers (CSPs) is a paid facility that enables organizations to outsource their sensitive data to be stored on remote servers. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based storage scheme that allows the data owner to benefit from the facilities offered by the CSP and enables indirect mutual trust between them. The proposed scheme has four important features: 1) it allows the owner to outsource sensitive data to a CSP, and perform full block-level dynamic operations on the outsourced data, i.e., block modification, insertion, deletion, and append, 2) it ensures that authorized users (i.e., those who have the right to access the owner's file) receive the latest version of the outsourced data, 3) it enables indirect mutual trust between the owner and the CSP, and 4) it allows the owner to grant or revoke access to the outsourced data. We discuss the security issues of the proposed scheme. Besides, we justify its performance through theoretical analysis and a prototype implementation on Amazon cloud platform to evaluate storage, communication, and computation overheads.
A Trustworthiness Fusion Model for Service Cloud Platform Based on D-S Evidence Theory

Trustworthiness plays an important role in service selection and usage. However, it is not easy to define and compute the service trustworthiness because of its subject meaning and also the different views on it. In this paper, we describe the meaning of trustworthiness and the computation method for trustworthiness fusion. Through extracting trustworthiness from service provider, service requestor and service broker, we creatively adopted D-S (Dempster-Shafer) evident theory to fuse the tripartite trustworthiness. Finally, we completed some comparison experiments on our web service supermarket platform and certified the efficiency of our method.
- 1 Nitrogen cycles : past , present , and future

This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. Regional N budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially disconnected, and the fixed forms of N are accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.
Comparisons of Test t Case Prioritization Algorithm with Random Prioritization

Test case prioritization organizes test cases in a way to accomplish some performance goals efficiently. Rate of error detection is one most important performance objectives. The test cases must be given in an order that calls down the opportunity of fault detection in the early life cycle of testing. Test case prioritization techniques have shown to be good in improving regression testing activities. In this report, we have suggested an algorithm which prioritizes the system test cases based on the six factors: customer priority, changes in requirement, implementation complexity, requirement traceability, execution time and fault impact of requirement. We conducted a controlled experiment on two industrial data sets to compare the suggested value based test case prioritization algorithm with random prioritization for early rate of fault detection. The average share of fault detection metrics have been employed to evaluate the efficiency of proposed and random priority and it proves that the proposed value based algorithm is more effective than random prioritization to generate sequence of trial examples for early rate of fracture detection.
Solving Hub Location Problems for Networks

This work developed a heuristic algorithm to find a solution for the CSAHLP problem. Two formulations were proved CSAHLP-C y CSAHLP-N. For the CSAHLP-C only three size of nodes were proved: 10, 20 and 25 nodes. For problems with more nodes the Cpu-time was very large. For the CSAHLP-N six size of nodes were proved: 10, 20, 25, 40, 50 and 100 nodes. The Cpu-time found are interesting and the gaps are few in the most of cases.
Modelling Modelled∗

A model is one of the most fundamental concepts: it is a formal and generalized explanation of a phenomenon. Only with models we can bridge the particulars and predict the unknown. Virtually all our intellectual work turns around finding models, evaluating models, using models. Because models are so pervasive, it makes sense to take a look at modelling itself. We will approach this problem, of course, by building a model of the process of modelling.
Force formulation of a three-phase tubular linear machine with dual Halbach array

A novel dual Halbach array is proposed in this paper to increase the output performance of tubular linear machines. The magnetic field distribution in three-dimensional (3D) space is formulated with Bessel functions analytically. Following that, the modeling of force output for linear machines with three-phase windings is carried out based on Lorentz force law. The formula component of force ripple is separated from the analytical expression of total force. It is found that for multi-phase tubular linear machines, the force output and force ripple are not only closely related to the instantaneous position of the mover, but also the starting position. Therefore, the force output of the linear machine is formulated for three typical starting positions as a function of mover positions. The derived models are simulated with respect to the mover's motion. They are also validated with numerical results from finite element calculation. The study shows that an appropriate starting position of the mover helps to improve the output performance of the tubular linear machines. The proposed analytical force model can also be employed to analyze the influence of the structure parameters on the force output of linear machines with similar structures.
A supervised ICA algorithm for fetal ECG extraction

A new semi-blind ICA algorithm, named supervised ICA, is proposed for improving the performance of ICA in FECG extraction. A supervision signal is created for assisting the usual ICA algorithm to find the desired FECG unambiguously. It is different from other semi-blind ICA algorithms in that the a priori information about the temporal structure of the desired signal is encoded in the supervision signal, instead of the object function. Performances of the new algorithm are demonstrated by real data processing. High quality FECG can be extracted from the multi-channel abdominal signals.
C-SSAPRE : Eliminating redundancy over copies

Partial Redundancy Elimination (PRE) is an optimization that prevents, where possible, the re-computation of an expression along some paths in a program. PRE is general enough to automatically implement loop-invariant code hoisting and global common sub-expression elimination. PRE appears to be especially beneficial for functional programs, where the class of expressions that may be moved is much richer: in addition to arithmetic and memory loads, we may also move and coalesce projections from tuples, calls to total functions, and even allocations of persistent values. The SSAPRE [5, 7] algorithm implements Partial Redundancy Elimination for programs in a static single assignment (SSA) intermediate representation (IR). However, the algorithms makes several assumptions about the intermediate representation that do not hold in all cases. In particular, they do not hold for the SSA IR of MLton [2], a high performance whole-program compiler for Standard ML [8]. We introduce a new PRE algorithm, CSSAPRE, which finds PRE optimization across copies, detecting redundencies not possible with the original SSAPRE algorithm. Our algorithm can be applied directly to MLton’s IR, which lacks explicit copies. We begin by describing the MLton SSA IR and its differences from what we will call “standard” SSA, as given by Cytron et al. [6]. This provides a concrete framework for our discussion of our generalization of the SSAPRE algorithm. We then provide detailed pseudocode for the pre-pass that we use before invoking a modified version of SSAPRE. Finally, we discuss our conclusions, important open questions, and potential ideas for future work. An appendix gives an improved pre-pass algorithm.
Indicator Groups and Faunal Richness

Species richness is a popular indicator of ecosystem vitality, but is difficult to assess. Many natural resource managers seek an efficient bioindicator, but the link between candidate indicators and the richness of other taxononic groups remains elusive. A series of faunal surveys in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve in Cameroon suggest that it may be possible to devise faunal bioindicators. The species richness of birds, of butterflies and of termites is significantly correlated with total faunal richness across eight species groups, suggesting that these groups may have potential as bioindicators, alone or in combination. Although expensive, further research is warranted because of the substantial potential benefits and implications of the use of indicator groups.
Tumor Gene Expression and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients with 10 or More Positive Lymph Nodes

Purpose: This study, along with two others, was done to develop the 21-gene Recurrence Score assay (Oncotype DX) that was validated in a subsequent independent study and is used to aid decision making about chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive, node-negative breast cancer patients. Experimental Design: Patients with ≥10 nodes diagnosed from 1979 to 1999 were identified. RNA was extracted from paraffin blocks, and expression of 203 candidate genes was quantified using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Seventy-eight patients were studied. As of August 2002, 77% of patients had distant recurrence or breast cancer death. Univariate Cox analysis of clinical and immunohistochemistry variables indicated that HER2/immunohistochemistry, number of involved nodes, progesterone receptor (PR)/immunohistochemistry (% cells), and ER/immunohistochemistry (% cells) were significantly associated with distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Univariate Cox analysis identified 22 genes associated with DRFS. Higher expression correlated with shorter DRFS for the HER2 adaptor GRB7 and the macrophage marker CD68. Higher expression correlated with longer DRFS for tumor protein p53-binding protein 2 (TP53BP2) and the ER axis genes PR and Bcl2. Multivariate methods, including stepwise variable selection and bootstrap resampling of the Cox proportional hazards regression model, identified several genes, including TP53BP2 and Bcl2, as significant predictors of DRFS. Conclusion: Tumor gene expression profiles of archival tissues, some more than 20 years old, provide significant information about risk of distant recurrence even among patients with 10 or more nodes.
Beyond Passive Bids and Asks: Mutual Buyer and Seller Discrimination Through Integrative Negotiation in Agent Based Electronic Markets

We describe MARl (Multi-Attribute Resource Intermediary), a project being conducted in the Software Agents group at the MIT Media Lab, and the challenges and issues we are facing in its design and implementation. MARl is an intermediary architecture intended as a generalized platform for the specification and brokering of heterogeneous goods and services. The project reflects our vision of how customized, attribute-based bids and asks can be dynamically generated, resulting in a richer, integrative transaction experience.
Maximal Lattice Overlap in Example-Based Machine Translation

Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) retrieves pre-translated phrases from a sentence-aligned bilingual training corpus to translate new input sentences. EBMT uses long pre-translated phrases effectively but is subject to disfluencies at phrasal translation boundaries. We address this problem by introducing a novel method that exploits overlapping phrasal translations and the increased confidence in translation accuracy they imply. We specify an efficient algorithm for producing translations using overlap. Finally, our empirical analysis indicates that this approach produces higher quality translations than the standard method of EBMT in a peak-to-peak comparison. Email: rah+@cs.cmu. edu, pbennett+@cs.cmu. edu, jgc+@cs.cmu. edu, pjj+@cs.cmu. edu, ralf+@cs.cmu. edu Work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number IIS-9982226 (MLIAM: MUCHMORE: Multilingual Concept Hierarchies for Medical Information Organization and Retrieval) and award number IIS-9873009 (KDI: Universal Information Access: Translingual Retrieval, Summarization, Tracking, Detection and Validation).
Microbial degradation of monoterpenes in the absence of molecular oxygen

Anaerobic degradation of natural monoterpenes by microorganisms was evaluated by using Pseudomonas citronellolis DSM 50332 and enrichment cultures containing nitrate as an electron acceptor. P. citronellolis grew anaerobically on 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol and citronellol but not on geraniol, nerol, and alicyclic monoterpenes. In contrast, several a-, mono-, and bicyclic monoterpenes supported microbial growth and denitrification in enrichment cultures. We found that consumption of linalool, menthol, menth-1-ene, alpha-phellandrene, limonene, 2-carene, alpha-pinene, and fenchone in enrichment cultures depended on the presence of living microorganisms and nitrate. In these experiments, the ratios of number of electrons derived from complete substrate oxidation to number of electrons derived from nitrate reduction ranged from 1.2:1 to 2.9:1. Microbial degradation was accompanied by the formation of small traces of monoterpenes, which were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The formation of geraniol and geranial from linalool suggested that a 3,1-hydroxyl-delta 1-delta 2-mutase reaction initiates linalool degradation. Seven strains of motile, oval to rod-shaped, facultatively denitrifying bacteria were isolated on agar bottle plates by using linalool, menthol, menth-1-ene, alpha-phellandrene, 2-carene, eucalyptol, and alpha-pinene as sole carbon and energy sources.
Learning and communication in sender-receiver games: an econometric investigation

Learning and communication play important roles in coordinating activities. Game theory and experiments have made a significant contribution to our understanding and appreciation for the issues surrounding learning and communication in coordination. However, the results of past experimental studies provide conflicting results about the performance of learning models. Moreover, the interaction between learning and communication has not been systematically investigated. Our long run objective is to overcome the conflicting results and to provide a better understanding of the interaction. To this end, we econometrically investigate a sender-receiver game environment where communication is necessary for coordination and learning is essential for communication.
Early Antigen Presentation of Protective HIV-1 KF11Gag and KK10Gag Epitopes from Incoming Viral Particles Facilitates Rapid Recognition of Infected Cells by Specific CD8+ T Cells

ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells are major players in antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through recognition of viral epitopes presented on the surface of infected cells. However, the early events involving HIV-1 epitope presentation to CD8+ T cells remain poorly understood but are nonetheless crucial for the rapid clearance of virus-infected cells. Here, we comprehensively studied the kinetics of antigen presentation of two protective epitopes, KF11Gag and KK10Gag, restricted by HLA alleles B*57:01 and B*27:05, respectively, and compared these to KY9Pol and VL9Vpr epitopes in a single cycle of HIV-1 replication. We consistently demonstrate differences in epitope presentation kinetics, with very early presentation, within 3 h postinfection, for the protective KF11Gag, KK10Gag epitopes, and KY9Pol but only late presentation for VL9Vpr. We show that this early presentation relies on the antigen being presented from incoming viral particles and is correlated with rapid CD8+ T cell activation and clearance of virus-infected cells. Additionally, our data indicate a dose-response dependency between the levels of CD8+ T cell activation and the amount of virus inoculum. These data reflect a proof of principle emphasizing the importance of identifying early-presented viral epitopes for rapid elimination of HIV-1-infected cells.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase phosphorylates Toll-like receptor 3 to initiate antiviral response

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediates antiviral response by recognizing double-stranded RNA. Its cytoplasmic domain is tyrosine phosphorylated upon ligand binding and initiates downstream signaling via the adapter TIR-containing adaptor inducing interferon–β (TRIF). However, the kinase responsible for TLR3 phosphorylation remains unknown. We show here that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)-deficient macrophages failed to secrete inflammatory cytokines and IFN-β upon TLR3 stimulation and were impaired in clearing intracellular dengue virus infection. Mutant mice were also less susceptible to d-galactosamine/p(I:C)-induced sepsis. In the absence of BTK, TLR3-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and MAPK signaling and activation of NFκB, IRF3, and AP-1 transcription factors were all defective. We demonstrate that BTK directly phosphorylates TLR3 and in particular the critical Tyr759 residue. BTK point mutations that abrogate or led to constitutive kinase activity have opposite effects on TLR3 phosphorylation. Loss of BTK also compromises the formation of the downstream TRIF/receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)/TBK1 complex. Thus, BTK plays a critical role in initiating TLR3 signaling.
Classification of Real and Pseudo miRNA Precursors Using Local Structure-Sequence Features and Flexible Flexible Neural Tree

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs, obtained from the pre-miRNA by nuclease Dicer. MiRNA plays a pivotal regulated role in human disease occurrence, growth and development, cell proliferation and so on. Therefore, miRNA identification has become the primary task in understanding miRNA regulation mechanism. We process pre-miRNA sequence by couplet-syntax and get more detailed description of pre-miRNA sequence that is described by different meaning symbols ("*", "(", "^", "N"). Then, we select the most representative sample characteristics, combine flexible neural tree to predict pre-miRNA. Experimental results show that the average accuracy is 95%.
Patterns in the RSSI traces from an indoor urban environment

Urban environments are notorious for their high spectrum usage, particularly in their unlicensed radio bands. Wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes incorporate modern transceivers that can measure the background noise/interference and change channels. These combined capabilities suggest the need to better understand urban environments so that nodes can better avoid competing devices. In this paper, we explore the noise and interference patterns found on 256 frequencies in an indoor urban environment's 900 MHz ISM and non-ISM bands. We begin the process by using off-the-shelf WSN hardware to sample the environment at 5 kHz from 16 locations simultaneously. From these samples, we identify five prevalent patterns and then hand-classify the 4096 traces of noise and interference. Finally, we extract a variety of statistics from the traces and use them in a Bayesian network classifier.
Childhood Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Later-Life Outcomes: A Hidden Consequence of the 1989 Typhoon Gay

In human capital literature, it is established that skills are cross-productive and that the production technology is dynamic. This study looks at a case of Thailand and shows that a damage of mental health capital early on in life has a significant adverse effect on schooling attainment. We take the event of Typhoon Gay in 1989 in Thailand's South-Eastern region as a random trigger of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder prevalence amongst young children in the disaster area. Using both micro datasets and a unique survey, we find strong evidence that disaster affected children suffered from a long-term undetected reduction in their mental health capital and thus worse accumulation of skills in other dimensions.
Evaluation of social competence and behavior of urban children in China

Objective: To revise the social competence and behavior evaluation scale(SCBE-30)for children in China,and to investigate the social competence and behavior development level of urban children.Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 571 children and their mothers,and exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,one-way ANOVA and t-test were performed among these two independent groups.Results: The social competence and behavior evaluation scale consisted of three subscales: social-competence,anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal with good consistency at 0.66 to 0.81. The three factors of SCBE were significantly correlated with the child behavior checklist.There was no significant difference in SC,AA and AW for age and there was a significant gender difference in SC,AA and AW.Conclusion: The revised SCBE-30 has good reliability and validity,which meets the psychometrical requirements,for its application in China.There is a significant gender difference for the development level of the social competence and behavior of urban children in China.
Relationship between Weight, Body Mass Index, and Bone Mineral Density in Men Referred for Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Isfahan, Iran

Objective. Although several studies have investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD), the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between BMI, weight and BMD in an Iranian men population. Methods. A total of 230 men 50-79 years old were examined. All men underwent a standard BMD scans of hip (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, and femoral shaft) and lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) using a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and examination of body size. Participants were categorised in two BMI group: normal weight <25.0 kg/m2 and overweight and obese, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Results. Compared to men with BMI ≥ 25, the age-adjusted odds ratio of osteopenia was 2.2 (95% CI 0.85, 5.93) and for osteoporosis was 4.4 (1.51, 12.87) for men with BMI < 25. It was noted that BMI and weight was associated with a high BMD, compatible with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Conclusions. These data indicate that both BMI and weight are associated with BMD of hip and vertebrae and overweight and obesity decreased the risk for osteoporosis. The results of this study highlight the need for osteoporosis prevention strategies in elderly men as well as postmenopausal women.