Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Optimal Hash-Based Longest Prefix Match

Longest Prefix Match (LPM) is a basic and important function for current network devices. Hash-based approaches appear to be excellent candidate solutions for LPM with the capability of fast lookup speed and low latency. The number of hash table probes, i.e. the search path of a hash-based LPM algorithm, directly determines the lookup performance. In this paper, we propose Ω-LPM to improve the lookup performance by optimizing the search path of the hash-based LPM. Ω-LPM first reconstructs the forwarding table to support random search [19], then it applies a dynamic programming algorithm to find the shortest search path based on the statistics of the matching probabilities. Ω-LPM concretely reduces the number of hash table probes via searching most of the packets in optimal search paths. Even in the worst case, the upper bound of the average search path of Ω-LPM is 1 + log2(N), here N is the length of the longest prefix in the routing table. The case studies of the name lookup in Named Data Networking and the IP lookup in current Internet demonstrate that Ω-LPM can shorten 61.04% and 86.88% search paths compared with the basic hash-based methods of name lookup [22] and IP lookup [12], respectively, furthermore Ω-LPM reduces 32.3% probes of the name lookup and 73.55% probes of the IP lookup compared with the optimal linear search. The experimental results conducted on extensional name tables and IP tables also show that Ω-LPM has both low memory overhead and excellent scalability.
Beneficial effects of recreational football on the cardiovascular risk profile in untrained premenopausal women

The present study examined the cardiovascular health effects of 16 weeks of recreational football training in untrained premenopausal women in comparison with continuous running training. Fifty healthy women were matched and randomized to a football (FG, n=25) or a running (RG, n=25) group and compared with a control group with no physical training (CO, n=15). Training was performed for 1 h twice a week. After 16 weeks, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced (P<0.05) in FG (7±2 and 4±1 mmHg) and systolic blood pressure was lowered (P<0.05) in RG (6±2 mmHg). After 16 weeks, resting heart rate was lowered (P<0.05) by 5±1 bpm both in FG and RG, and maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (P<0.05) by 15% in FG and by 10% in RG (5.0±0.7 and 3.6±0.6 mL/min/kg, respectively). Total fat mass decreased (P<0.05) by 1.4±0.3 kg in FG and by 1.1±0.3 kg in RG. After 16 weeks, pulse pressure wave augmentation index (−0.9±2.5 vs 4.2±2.4%), skeletal muscle capillarization (2.44±0.15 vs 2.07±0.05 cap/fib) and low‐density lipoprotein/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were improved (P<0.05) in FG, but not altered in RG. No changes were observed in CO. In conclusion, regular recreational football training has significant favorable effects on the cardiovascular risk profile in untrained premenopausal women and is at the least as efficient as continuous running.
Localization of the Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Replication Protein p33 Reveals a Peroxisome-to-Endoplasmic Reticulum Sorting Pathway[W]

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a positive-strand RNA virus, causes extensive inward vesiculations of the peroxisomal boundary membrane and formation of peroxisomal multivesicular bodies (pMVBs). Although pMVBs are known to contain protein components of the viral membrane-bound RNA replication complex, the mechanisms of protein targeting to peroxisomal membranes and participation in pMVB biogenesis are not well understood. We show that the TBSV 33-kD replication protein (p33), expressed on its own, targets initially from the cytosol to peroxisomes, causing their progressive aggregation and eventually the formation of peroxisomal ghosts. These altered peroxisomes are distinct from pMVBs; they lack internal vesicles and are surrounded by novel cytosolic vesicles that contain p33 and appear to be derived from evaginations of the peroxisomal boundary membrane. Concomitant with these changes in peroxisomes, p33 and resident peroxisomal membrane proteins are relocalized to the peroxisomal endoplasmic reticulum (pER) subdomain. This sorting of p33 is disrupted by the coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor1, implicating coatomer in vesicle formation at peroxisomes. Mutational analysis of p33 revealed that its intracellular sorting is also mediated by several targeting signals, including three peroxisomal targeting elements that function cooperatively, plus a pER targeting signal resembling an Arg-based motif responsible for vesicle-mediated retrieval of escaped ER membrane proteins from the Golgi. These results provide insight into virus-induced intracellular rearrangements and reveal a peroxisome-to-pER sorting pathway, raising new mechanistic questions regarding the biogenesis of peroxisomes in plants.
Crystal structure of 1,4-diethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H16O4, contains two crystallographically independent molecules. The anthraquinone ring systems are slightly bent with dihedral angles of 2.33 (8) and 13.31 (9)° between the two terminal benzene rings. In the crystal, the two independent molecules adopt slipped-parallel π-overlap with an average interplanar distance of 3.45 Å, forming a dimer; the centroid–centroid distances of the π–π interactions are 3.6659 (15)–3.8987 (15) Å. The molecules are also linked by C—H⋯O interactions, forming a tape structure along the a-axis direction. The crystal packing is characterized by a dimer-herringbone pattern.
Temperature dependence of proton permeation through a voltage-gated proton channel

Voltage-gated proton channels are found in many different types of cells, where they facilitate proton movement through the membrane. The mechanism of proton permeation through the channel is an issue of long-term interest, but it remains an open question. To address this issue, we examined the temperature dependence of proton permeation. Under whole cell recordings, rapid temperature changes within a few milliseconds were imposed. This method allowed for the measurement of current amplitudes immediately before and after a temperature jump, from which the ratios of these currents (Iratio) were determined. The use of Iratio for evaluating the temperature dependence minimized the contributions of factors other than permeation. Temperature jumps of various degrees (ΔT, −15 to 15°C) were applied over a wide temperature range (4–49°C), and the Q10s for the proton currents were evaluated from the Iratios. Q10 exhibited a high temperature dependence, varying from 2.2 at 10°C to 1.3 at 40°C. This implies that processes with different temperature dependencies underlie the observed Q10. A novel resistivity pulse method revealed that the access resistance with its low temperature dependence predominated in high temperature ranges. The measured temperature dependence of Q10 was decomposed into Q10 of the channel and of the access resistances. Finally, the Q10 for proton permeation through the voltage-gated proton channel itself was calculated and found to vary from 2.8 at 5°C to 2.2 at 45°C, as expected for an activation enthalpy of 64 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic features for proton permeation through proton-selective channels were discussed for the underlying mechanism.
Fractionating the Cognitive Control Required to Bring About a Change in Task: A Dense-sensor Event-related Potential Study

The ability to change our behavior is one that we frequently exert, although determining the mechanisms by which we do so is far from trivial. Task switching is a useful experimental paradigm for studying cognitive control functions. Switching between tasks is associated with a decrement in performance, or switch-cost, relative to repeating the same task. We have previously demonstrated that this cost is dependent on switching from performing one task to performing another; changing only our intended performance does not elicit the same performance deficit. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we dissociated two electrophysiological indices mirroring this behavioral distinction [Astle, D. E. , Jackson, G. M. , & Swainson, R. Dissociating neural indices of dynamic cognitive control in advance task-set preparation: An ERP study of task switching. Brain Res, 1125, 94103, 2006]. However, what was unclear were the specific aspects of performance that were critical for triggering the neural mechanisms associated specifically with switching from a previously performed task. Two candidate aspects were: (i) that performance required a physical response and (ii) that the two tasks shared their responses (they had bivalent response mappings). The present study therefore compared three separate groups to explore the effects of these different aspects of performance. Each group completed the same basic task-switching paradigm, but with either an overt response or covert response, and either switching between tasks that shared their responses (bivalent response mappings) or had separate responses (univalent response mappings). When comparing precue-locked ERPs, we observed three separable components: one common to all three groups, one which primarily dissociated overt from covert responding, and one which primarily dissociated bivalent from univalent responding. We therefore concluded that changing our behavior engages at least three dissociable mechanisms. Interestingly, in the overt conditions, residual switch-costs were absent; in addition, therefore, we concluded that it is possible to engage cognitive control in advance, such that the new behavior is as efficient as were the subject to have repeated the old behavior.
An Evaluation Method for Multiview Surface Reconstruction Algorithms

We propose a new method, 3DGiC, for evaluating the performances of various multiview surface reconstruction methods. It does not need a complete ground truth model, providing a much wider range of applications. More importantly, most existing methods only measure the quality of reconstruction in a global manner but local surface details are not involved. In contrast, 3DGiC depends on both global consistency and local accuracy of reconstruction in order to deliver a more comprehensive evaluation. The key idea is to compute a cumulative distribution of the joint probability of two local surface descriptors. We also designed experiments based on both synthetic and real data to demonstrate the advantages as well as the effectiveness of 3DGiC.
A dynamic reputation system with built-in attack resilience to safeguard buyers in e-market

Reputation systems aim to reduce the risk of loss due to untrustworthy participants by providing a mechanism for establishing trustworthiness between mutually unknown online entities in an information asymmetric e-market. These systems encourage honest behavior and discourage malicious behavior of buyer and seller agents by laying a foundation for security and stability in the e-market. However, the success of a reputation system depends on its built-in resilience capabilities to foil various attacks. This paper focuses on how to safeguard buyers from dishonest sellers and advisors by incorporating an attack resilient reputation computation methodology. The objectives of the proposed dynamic reputation system in the distributed environment are to reduce the incentive for behaving dishonestly, and to minimize harm in case of attacks by dishonest participants with the inherent purpose of improving the quality of services in the e-market.
Study of some Dental Biomaterials Properties Using an Original Software Application

The aim of the present study is to measure the optical properties of dental materials, color and translucency, as well as their radiopacity using digital images. To do this, an original software application implementing two functions has been developed. Determining the radiopacity amount of certain areas of the materials is achieved by interpolating the values of ten aluminum plates used as reference. The study of this property is achieved by interpreting the statistical results and graphs displayed. The translucency value was calculated as the difference of the CIELab color system values for two digital images representing the same material on white and black background, respectively. In order to evaluate the color changes of the biomaterials, the samples were immersed in coffee, wine and orange juice. The application has been tested on several experimental materials based on bioceramics, dental composites and giomers, and the results are similar to the ones obtained using other evaluation methods.
Toward on-chip acceleration of the backpropagation algorithm using nonvolatile memory

By performing computation at the location of data, non-Von Neumann (VN) computing should provide power and speed benefits over conventional (e.g., VN-based) approaches to data-centric workloads such as deep learning. For the on-chip training of large-scale deep neural networks using nonvolatile memory (NVM) based synapses, success will require performance levels (e.g., deep neural network classification accuracies) that are competitive with conventional approaches despite the inherent imperfections of such NVM devices, and will also require massively parallel yet low-power read and write access. In this paper, we focus on the latter requirement, and outline the engineering tradeoffs in performing parallel reads and writes to large arrays of NVM devices to implement this acceleration through what is, at least locally, analog computing. We address how the circuit requirements for this new neuromorphic computing approach are somewhat reminiscent of, yet significantly different from, the well-known requirements found in conventional memory applications. We discuss tradeoffs that can influence both the effective acceleration factor (“speed”) and power requirements of such on-chip learning accelerators.
The Influence of Temperature Variation in the Prediction of the Pavement Overlay Life

ABSTRACT This paper describes a study of the influence of temperature variation in the pavement overlay life, using finite-element methodology to consider the most predominant type of overlay distress observed in the field: reflective cracking. The temperature variation has a significant influence on thermally induced stresses that, in turn, affects the overlay predictive service life. This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis to predict the pavement overlay life considering a combination of thermal pavement conditions with traffic loads in a pavement overlay modelled on a cracked pavement. The results present the influence of temperature variation in the cracked layer and overlay, as function of the initial pavement temperature. Furthermore, a comparison between the overlay life due to traffic loading and temperature variation in the overlay life is also presented. Finally, the overlay life was predicted using asphalt rubber and conventional mix fatigue laws allowing to conclude that asphalt rubber mixes exhibit more pavement life compared to conventional mixes even when the effects of temperature (temperature variation) are considered in the overlay design.
Efficient 2-D Grayscale Morphological Transformations With Arbitrary Flat Structuring Elements

An efficient algorithm is presented for the computation of grayscale morphological operations with arbitrary 2D flat structuring elements (S.E.). The required computing time is independent of the image content and of the number of gray levels used. It always outperforms the only existing comparable method, which was proposed in the work by Van Droogenbroeck and Talbot, by a factor between 3.5 and 35.1, depending on the image type and shape of S.E. So far, filtering using multiple S.E. s is always done by performing the operator for each size and shape of the S.E. separately. With our method, filtering with multiple S.E. s can be performed by a single operator for a slightly reduced computational cost per size or shape, which makes this method more suitable for use in granulometries, dilation-erosion scale spaces, and template matching using the hit-or-miss transform. The discussion focuses on erosions and dilations, from which other transformations can be derived.
How can ICTs be used and appropriated to address agricultural information needs of Bangladeshi farmers

Bidit Lal Dey Renee Prendergast David Newman Abstract: It has been argued that the use of ICTs can provide disadvantaged communities with access to information and thereby enable them to enhance their quality of life. This paper attempts to analyze the use of the ICTs from the perspective of the target beneficiaries (i.e. farmers). It reports on the results of an action research intervention in Bangladesh. The first phase of the fieldwork was designed to identify agricultural information needs. An intervention enabled farmers’ groups to have access to the services offered by two telecentres in Bangladesh through mobile telephony technology. Evidence from interviews, focus group discussions, diary notes and personal observation suggests that the telecentre projects had limited impacts in terms of meeting some crucial agricultural information needs. Mobile telephony, computers and internet connectivity have the potential to deliver the information. However, the information content and the applications need to be developed through a bottom up approach in order to achieve the objectives of meeting the information needs of farmers.
Variable structure control of nonlinear uncertain sandwich systems with nonsmooth nonlinearities

In this paper an approach for the stabilization of sandwich nonlinear systems containing a general nonsmooth nonlinearity is presented. The proposed solution is based on variable structure control theory, and ensures the robust ultimate boundedness of the system trajectories in a neighborhood of the origin. Theoretical results have been validated by simulation on a mechanical system representing a robot-like system with one link, preceded by an hysteretic block and a first order actuator dynamics representing a DC motor.
Caveolin-1 regulates cancer cell metabolism via scavenging Nrf2 and suppressing MnSOD-driven glycolysis

Aerobic glycolysis is an indispensable component of aggressive cancer cell metabolism. It also distinguishes cancer cells from most healthy cell types in the body. Particularly for this reason, targeting the metabolism to improve treatment outcomes has long been perceived as a potentially valuable strategy. In practice, however, our limited knowledge of why and how metabolic reprogramming occurs has prevented progress towards therapeutic interventions that exploit the metabolic peculiarities of tumors. We recently described that in breast cancer, MnSOD upregulation is both necessary and sufficient to activate glycolysis. Here, we focused on determining the molecular mechanisms of MnSOD upregulation. We found that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a central component of this mechanism due to its suppressive effects of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor upstream of MnSOD. In transformed MCF10A(Er/Src) cells, Cav-1 loss preceded the activation of Nrf2 and its induction of MnSOD expression. Consistently, with previous observations, MnSOD expression secondary to Nrf2 activation led to an increase in the glycolytic rate dependent on mtH2O2 production and the activation of AMPK. Moreover, rescue of Cav-1 expression in a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) suppressed Nrf2 and reduced MnSOD expression. Experimental data were reinforced by epidemiologic nested case-control studies showing that Cav-1 and MnSOD are inversely expressed in cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, with low Cav-1 and high MnSOD expression being associated with lower 5-year survival rates and molecular subtypes with poorest prognosis.
Type inference and semi-unification

The Milner Calculus is the typed &lgr;-calculus underlying the type system for the programming language ML [Har86] and several other strongly typed polymorphic functional languages such as Miranda [Tur86] and SPS [Wan84]. Mycroft [Myc84] extended the problematical typing rule for recursive definitions and proved that the resulting calculus, termed Milner-Mycroft Calculus here, is sound with respect to Milner's [Mil78] semantics and that it preserves the principal typing property [DM82] of the Milner Calculus. The extension is of practical significance in typed logic programming languages [MO84] and, more generally, in any language with (mutually) recursive definitions. Mycroft didn't solve the decidability problem for typings in this calculus, though. This was an open problem independently raised also by Meertens [Mee83]. The decidability question was answered in the affirmative just recently by Kfoury et al. in [KTU88]. We show that the type inference problems in the Milner and the Milner-Mycroft Calculi can be reduced to solving equations and inequations between first-order terms, a problem we have termed semi-unification. We show that semi-unification problems have most general solutions in analogy to unification problems — which translates into principal typing properties for the underlying calculi. In contrast to the (essentially) nonconstructive methods of [KTU88] we present functional specifications, which we prove partially correct, for computing the most general solution of semi-unification problems, and we devise a concrete nondeterministic algorithm on a graph-theoretic representation for computing these most general solutions. Finally, we point out some erroneous statements about the efficiency of polymorphic type checking that have persisted throughout the literature including an incorrect claim, submitted by ourselves, of polynomial time type checking in the Milner-Mycroft Calculus.
DNA and Natural Languages - Text Mining

We present, discuss and exemplify a fully implemented model of text mining that can be applied to spoken languages as well as to molecular biology languages. This is based in the model presented in (Zahariev et al., 2009) oriented to discovering DNA barcodes for sequences. The novelty of our methodology is the use of Constraint Based Reasoning to detect string repetitions through unification, by introducing a new general rule for matching. We claim that the same method can be succesfully applied to mining natural language texts.
Automotive Electrical Actuation Technologies

The present paper presents an overview of actual high performance electric drives for automotive applications. The field of applications spans a broad range from active steering, power steering, electromechanical brakes, clutch and shift actuators, suspension, damping and stabilization actuators, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning up to starter-generators and traction, including x-by-wire (e.g. steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire). Most of these applications require high performance motors with a high torque/volume (mass) ratio, low inertia, high dynamics, good field-weakening and high temperature standing capability. In the actual situation on the global automotive market the demands for the electric actuators become more stringent
Engineering the performance of optical devices using plasmonics and nonlinear organic chromophores

9 CHAPTER 1 Theoretical Background . 11 1.1 Plasmonics . 11 1.1.1 Metal Nanoparticles . 11 1.1.2 Surface-plasmon polaritons at metal interfaces . 17 1.2 Photovoltaic Effect . 23 1.2. 1 Exciton Generation . 23 1.2. 2 Exciton Diffusion . 24 1.2. 3 Exciton Dissociation . 25 1.2. 4 Charge Transport . 26 1.2. 5 Charge Collection . 27 1.3 Nonlinear Fiber Properties . 29 1.3. 1 Self-Phase Modulation in Optical Fibers . 29 1.3. 2 Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers . 32 1.3. 3 SPM-Induced Spectral Broadening . 34 CHAPTER 2 Plasmonic Enhanced Organic Photovoltaics . 37 2.