Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to live with irritabel bowel syndrome. The influence of a group-based patient education programme on peoples' ability to manage illness in everyday life.

BACKGROUND Living with chronic irritable bowel syndrome sets limitations in peoples' everyday lives. This is due to bad health and the difficulty to find strategies that will manage their problem. In encounters with health care providers, these people feel that they are not getting the appropriate support to manage their illness-related troubles, and they perceive themselves to be insufficiently informed about the disease. AIM To evaluate the influence of a group-based patient education programme about irritable bowel syndrome, on people's ability to manage their illness in everyday life. METHODS The study used an evaluative research design. Fifty-one individuals with irritable bowel syndrome completed the ways of coping questionnaire, and the irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system, before and after participating in a multidisciplinary group-based patient education programme. RESULTS In the participants' self assessments, statistical significances (p > 0.05) were found for the mean frequency of efforts used on the coping strategies distancing and escape-avoidance. Distancing was used more often after the education programme, while escape-avoidance, was used more seldom. The proportional use of the strategy self-controlling (relative score) was enhanced after the education programme. The participants' overall severity of symptoms was significantly reduced after the education programme. The individuals with a clinically noteworthy improvement in symptom severity (decrease ≤ 50) had greater changes in relative score values than those that showed a lesser improvement in symptom severity. CONCLUSION Coping patterns were changed and symptoms were scored significantly less severe among the participants who participated in the education programme. Controlled studies following individuals over a longer period are suggested to establish the validity and sustainability of these changes, and qualitative interview studies would provide additional understanding about the significance of the separate parts of the education programme, and about the meaning of the programme to peoples' everyday lives as a whole.
Comparison of the Potential for Different Genetic Forms in the Culex pipiens Complex in North America to Transmit Rift Valley Fever Virus1

Abstract Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, has been responsible for large outbreaks in Africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. Culex pipiens was implicated as the principal vector of the Egyptian outbreak in 1977 that affected about 200,000 people. In the northern USA, Cx. pipiens occurs both as a mix of forms pipiens and molestus (i.e., US Culex pipiens) as well as pure Cx. pipiens form molestus, the latter mostly in underground locations such as sewers and basements. In order to understand the potential risk of spread of RVFV in the USA, we compared their relative abilities to transmit RVFV in the laboratory. After feeding on hamsters with high viremias, >109 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml, both US Cx. pipiens and Cx. pipiens form molestus were highly susceptible to infection (∼80%) and about 20% of each form developed a disseminated infection. In contrast, when fed on a hamster with a moderate viremia, 107.5 PFU/ml, US Cx. pipiens were significantly (P < 0.001) more susceptible (84%) than were the pure form molestus (47%). Similarly, dissemination rates were significantly (P = 0.0261) higher in US Cx. pipiens (34%) than they were in pure Cx. pipiens form molestus (10%). These results underscore differences in vector competence between genetic forms in the Cx. pipiens complex but also indicate that if RVFV were to arrive in the USA, competent vectors abound in the highly urbanized Northeast.
ICN privacy and name based security

The purpose of this tutorial is twofold: to discuss ICN privacy requirements and related solutions, as well as to acquaint participants with the latest advances in name-based security. ICN architectures are often criticized for exposing user preferences. Privacy issues in ICN cannot be investigated using traditional approaches since they differ significantly from the conventional end-to-end architectures. The tutorial will introduce a comprehensive threat model and it will present a methodology for evaluating privacy risks in ICN architectures. Moreover, it will detail related privacy preserving solutions. Many ICN research efforts advocate that a departure from the traditional PKI model is desirable. To this end, they propose security solutions that are applied at the content level using the content name as a security primitive. Although (content) name-based security solutions can be built using traditional cryptographic solutions, recent advances in cryptography create opportunities for new, exciting applications. The tutorial will discuss the advantages of name-based security solutions and it will introduce Identity-Based cryptography and its applications in ICN.
An approach for SQL injection detection based on behavior and response analysis

Nowadays the Internet is closely related to our daily life. We enjoy the quality of service the provided by The Internet at the same time, but also suffer from the threat of network security. Among the many threats, SQL injection attacks are ranked in the first place. SQL injection attack refers to “when the user sends a request to the server, the malicious SQL command will be inserted into the web form or request URL parameters, leading to the server to perform illegal SQL query. The existing SQL injection detection methods include static analysis, dynamic analysis, parameterized query, intrusion detection system, parameter filtering and so on. However, these methods have some defects. Static analysis method can only detect the type and grammatical errors of SQL. Dynamic analysis can only detect the vulnerability predefined by application developers. Parameter filtering is based on regular expressions and black list to filter invalid characters. This method needs predefined regular expressions, but due to the diversity of SQL syntax and user input, resulting in a regular expression can't meet the requirements of detection, and has the defects that the attackers bypass detection to inject by the way of encoding parameters. In this paper, we propose a new approach to detect and prevent SQL injection. Our approach is based on the attack behavior and the analysis of response and state of the web application under different attacks. Our method perfectly solves the problems existing in methods mentioned above, and has higher accuracy.
What is the Quality of Preventive Care Provided in a Student-Run Free Clinic?

Background. The quality of preventive care provided in student-run free clinics has not been well documented, although an increasing number of vulnerable populations seek care in these settings. Objective. To examine the rate of preventive care services provided in one student-run free clinic compared with national data. Design. Cross-sectional chart review. Participants. Randomly selected patients seen between October 2008 and 2009. Main Measures. Preventive screening guidelines by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Key results. Among 114 patient charts examined, 48 (42.1%) received an HIV test, which did not differ from national rates (40.8%, p=.78). Similarly, 63.3% of patients received a fasting blood glucose test (64.2%, p=.92). Among eligible patients, 59.6% received a fasting lipid panel and 54.6% a Pap smear; lower than national rates (86.6%, p<.001, and 70.5%, p=.001 respectively), but not different compared with uninsured nationally (61.5%, p=.79, and 54.7%, p=.98). Conclusions. This student-run free clinic provided preventive services at comparable rates to national levels, but short of goals specified in Healthy People 2020.
Secondary Structure Alterations of Histones H2A and H2B in X-Irradiated Human Cancer Cells: Altered Histones Persist in Cells for at Least 24 Hours

We measured and compared the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and secondary structures of histone proteins H2A, H2B and their variants extracted from X-irradiated and unirradiated human HeLa cells. Compared to unirradiated cells, a relative increase in α-helix structure and decrease in other secondary structures was observed in X-irradiated cells. These structural alterations persisted for at least 24 h, which is substantially longer than the 2 h generally known to be required for DNA double-strand break repair.
Multi-resolution local binary patterns for image classification

This paper presents a novel method to extract image features for image classification. The extracted feature named multi-resolution local binary pattern (MR-LBP) is based on the local binary pattern (LBP) feature. The MR-LBP feature is highly distinctive by making use of multi-resolution patterns to obtain more descriptive information. The experiments results demonstrate the proposed MR-LBP feature is robust to image rotation, illumination changes and image noises. We also describe a descriptor called MR-LBP descriptor to using the features for image classification. Through experiments, our proposed approach performs favorably compared with the most well-known SIFT descriptor in two benchmark dataset. What's more, the proposed descriptor is computation simpler than the SIFT descriptor.
Improving Feature Extraction in Named Entity Recognition Based on Maximum Entropy Model

A new method of improving feature extraction for named entity recognition is proposed in this paper. First of all, the context features and the entity features are extracted by the corresponding algorithm. The triggers extracted by mutual information, information gain, average mutual information etc, are adopted to enhance the context features. And rough set theory is used to extract the entity features. Secondly, word cluster method is presented to improve the approach of expanding features, which make us select features more easily, and overcome the sparse data problem effectively. Finally, all the features are added into the maximum entropy model. The experiments have confirmed that our method is effective. The above method has been used in our word segmenter, which participated in the International SIGHAN-2005 Evaluation, and ranked first in open test in MSR corpus
Bonding BisGMA to Dentin—a Proof of Concept for Hydrophobic Dentin Bonding

The use of TEGDMA as a diluent comonomer in the formulation of hydrophobic adhesives for ethanol wet-bonding is a concern, due to its leaching potential, higher water sorption, and bio-incompatibility. This study tested the hypothesis that hydrophobic bonding to acid-etched dentin may be accomplished with the use of ethanol-solvated BisGMA only. Phosphoric-acid-etched, oxalate-occluded, deep coronal dentin bonded under 20 cm water pressure with experimental BisGMA adhesives by ethanol wet-bonding exhibited tensile strengths that were not significantly different from that achieved with OptiBond FL bonded according to the manufacturer-recommended protocol, with similar acid-/base-resistant hybrid layers, resin tags, and nanoleakage distribution. Ethanol replacement of water-saturated dentin produced wider interfibrillar spaces, more extensive shrinkage of the collagen fibrils, and narrower hybrid layers. Experimental BisGMA adhesives provide the proof of concept that relatively hydrophobic resins may be coupled to acid-etched dentin by increasing its hydrophobic characteristics via ethanol replacement. They should be further optimized before clinical application.
Transcription of the tandem array of ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster does not terminate at any fixed point

Transcription termination of the polymerase I transcribed rRNA genes is thought to occur at or closely behind the end of the 28S gene coding region. We show here that this is not the case for Drosophila melanogaster. Nuclease S1 mapping of total RNA and a nuclear ‘run‐on’ assay reveal that there is no defined point of termination throughout the whole spacer separating the two genes. Since the rRNA genes in D. melanogaster are organized in tandem arrays, this implies that readthrough transcription of one unit can occur up to, and possibly through, the promoter of the next unit. Readthrough transcription might be a component of transcription enhancement in a tandem array of genes.
Advection and diffusion of Indonesian Throughflow Water within the Indian Ocean South Equatorial Current

Warm, low salinity Pacific water weaves through the Indonesian Seas into the eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean. The Indonesian Throughflow Water (ITW) adds freshwater into the Indian Ocean as it spreads by the advection and diffusion within the Indian Ocean's South Equatorial Current (SEC). The low salinity throughflow trace, centered along 12°S, stretches across the Indian Ocean, separating the monsoon dominated regime of the northern Indian Ocean from the more typical subtropical stratification to the south. ITW is well represented within the SEC thermocline, extending with concentrations above 80% of initial characteristics from the sea surface to 300‐m within the eastern half of the Indian Ocean, with 60% concentration reaching well into the western Indian Ocean. The ITW transport within the SEC varies from 4 to 12 × 106 m³ sec−1, partly in response to variations of the injection rate at the eastern boundary and to the likelihood of a zonally elongated recirculation cell between the Equatorial Counter Current and the SEC within the Indian Ocean. Lateral mixing disperses the ITW plume meridionally with an effective isopycnal mixing coefficient of 1.1 to 1.6 × 104 m²sec−1.
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical analyses of the binary system Au-Ti in the development of a dental alloy.

Investigations in the binary system gold-titanium (Au-Ti) were performed in regard to the development of a universal dental alloy suited for inlays, for the conventional crown and bridge technique, as well as for the ceramic-fused-to-metal technique. With nine alloys with increasing Ti content from 0-10 atom %, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and corrosion were determined in the as-cast state and after simulation of ceramic firing. The microstructure shows an increasing formation of a second phase with increasing Ti content, crystallizing dendritically, which, according to the binary phase diagram must be the intermetallic phase TiAu(4). The results of the measurements reveal that with increasing Ti content, hardness, Young's modulus, proof stress, and tensile strength strongly increase in the range of 2-6 atom % Ti and with higher Ti content remain constant. Elongation after fracture decreases with a Ti content above 2 atom %. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreases linearly with increasing Ti content. Thermal distortion decreases exponentially with increasing Ti content. The corrosion test showed an increasing release of Ti with increasing Ti content. Lowest corrosion was observed in the simulated state with intact oxide layer. Appropriate properties for dental application were found in the range of 6.5 at% Ti.
8B-2 Imaging of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Magneto-Motive Ultrasound

Due to its excellent spatial resolution, fast and reliable performance, cost and wide availability, ultrasound should be considered the imaging modality of choice for many applications including molecular imaging. However, ultrasound imaging cannot image molecular content of tissue due to trade-off between spatial resolution and penetration depth. Consequently, contrast agents have been developed both to enhance the contrast of ultrasound images and to make the images molecularly specific. Most ultrasound contrast agents, however, are micrometer sized and may not be applicable to wide range of pathology-specific cellular and molecular imaging. We have developed an imaging technique - magneto-motive ultrasound (MMUS) imaging, capable of imaging magnetic nanoparticles subjected to time-varying magnetic field. The result of our studies indicate that magnetically excited nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents in magneto-motive ultrasound imaging thus expanding the role of ultrasound imaging to cellular scales and molecular sensitivity.
Permanent magnet bearingless motors: Modelling, design and drive

In this paper, the authors give a general description of bearingless machines and the origin of the ripples of the levitation force. Magnetic model using spectral analysis of the air-gap flux density is developed to identify the forces ripples and their origins. The authors propose two ways to suppress the force ripples. The first one can be performed during the design process of the machine while the second one can be applied with the supply via a control loop and an active harmonic suppression.
Tunnel Junction Engineering for Optimized Metallic Single-Electron Transistor

The development of metallic single-electron transistor (SET) depends on the downscaling and the electrical properties of its tunnel junctions (TJs). These TJs should insure high-ON current, low-OFF current, and low capacitance. We propose an engineered TJ based on multidielectric stacking. A number of high-k and low-k materials were considered to optimize the TJ's characteristics. The optimized TJ is proven to increase the ION current and the ION/IOFF ratio in a double-gate SET. Using TiO2 plasma oxidation and Al2O3 atomic layer deposition, an SET proof of concept, with a double layer TJ, was fabricated and characterized.
Validation of exposure estimation for benzene in the Australian petroleum industry

A nested case-control study was undertaken to investigate whether an excess of lympho-haematopoietic cancers in the Australian petroleum industry was associated with benzene exposure. The benzene exposures of the cases and controls were estimated using a quantitative algorithm based largely on exposures measured in the Australian petroleum industry. The algorithm was used to estimate, for each subject, the benzene exposure in parts per million (ppm) for each job held in the industry, and the cumulative exposure in ppm years. Because of the critical importance of the exposure assessment in this design of epidemiological study, particular attention was paid to the reliability of the inputs to the algorithm. The inputs [base estimates (BEs) of exposure and technology-specific exposure modifiers (EMs)] were compared to data from other sources including the occupational hygiene literature. Where such comparison data were available, they were generally found to confirm the values used in the algorithm, although four input values were changed as a result of the validation exercise. The integrity of the task-based algorithm was validated by employing it to calculate the exposures of the tanker drivers in the study and comparing these with measured daily exposure for tanker drivers in the Australian petroleum industry and exposure values found in the occupational hygiene literature. After adjustment for the mix of products carried by the Australian tanker drivers, the estimates from the algorithm were found to be comparable to the measured and literature values. This exercise provided evidence that the exposure assessment for the epidemiological study was reliable and that the results of the study can be used as the basis for evaluating the relationship between exposure to benzene and the risk of lympho-haematopoietic cancer.
Quantitative Determination of drugs & pharnaceuticalsby using iodine as analytical reagent: A spectrophotometric study

Sensitive, accurate and precise methods for the qauantitative determination of Seven drugs viz., Cyclobenzaprine HCl (CYC), Cyproheptadine HCl (CYP), Dobutamine HCl (DOB), Moxifloxacin HCl (MOX), Pamiprioxole HCl (PAM), Sumatriptan succinate (SUM) and Trimetazadine 2HCl(TRI) haave been developed . The methods are based on the charge transfer interqction of iodine with drugs which resulted in the formation of I3 - ion with absorbtion maximum at 366nm. The absorbance of the band increased with increasing concentration of the drug and formed basis for the quantitative determination of the drugs. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines and parameters affecting the absorbance are optimised.The stoichiometry of each of the CT complex is found to be 1:1 by Job's continuous varuiation methodts and the formation constants are determined by drawing tangents to the Job's plots
Agonist-Induced Internalization of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 as a Mechanism to Inhibit HIV Replication

The chemokine G protein-coupled receptor CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is used as an entry gate by CCR5-tropic and dual- or CCR5/CXC chemokine receptor 4-tropic strains of HIV to enter the human host cells. Thus, CCR5 antagonists (i.e., maraviroc) have been proven to be clinically effective by preventing the interaction between viral glycoprotein 120 and CCR5 and thus impeding viral entry into host cells. However, the emergence of HIV strains resistant to CCR5 antagonists has been reported in vitro and in vivo, where the virus has adapted to enter the cells via antagonist-bound CCR5. An alternative strategy that should obviate this mode of viral resistance would entail the ablation of the CCR5 portal for HIV entry from the cell surface through agonist-induced receptor internalization. Although this protective effect has been demonstrated clearly with natural CCR5 ligands, the chemoattractant properties of these chemokines have precluded them from further consideration in terms of drug development. Thus, we sought to explore the possibility of developing novel small molecules and selective CCR5 agonists devoid of eliciting chemotaxis. Indeed, the CCR5 agonists described herein were found to induce profound down-modulation of CCR5 (and not CXC chemokine receptor 4) from the cell surface and its sustained sequestration in the intracellular compartment without inducing chemotaxis in vitro. The bioactivity profile of these novel CCR5 agonists is exemplified by the compound (R)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-(1-(N,1-diphenylmethylsulfonamido)propan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (ESN-196) that potently inhibits HIV-1 infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages in vitro with potencies comparable to that of maraviroc and moreover demonstrates full activity against a maraviroc-resistant HIV-1 RU570 strain.
On the Dimension of the Space of Harmonic Functions on a Discrete Torus

Let d(n) denote the corank of I + A over the field with two elements, where A is the adjacency matrix of the discrete torus Cn × Cn , and I is the identity matrix. We shall prove that d(2n) = 2d(n) and d(2 r + 1) = d(2 r − 1) + 4. For the proof of the latter result, we use an elliptic curve. Our motivation for this study is the “lights out” puzzle.
Speech recognition in the blind condition based on multiple directivity patterns using a microphone array

The proposed system is constructed by the cascade of the sound localization system, MUSIC, and the sound segregation system, SMDP (segregation using multiple directivity patterns) proposed in our previous paper. SMDP is characterized by using redundant directivity patterns. Usually, it is difficult for this sort of cascade system to achieve high performance because the sound localization stage cannot be perfect and errors occurring in this first stage cause serious damage to the segregation stage. Particularly, missing the sound source is critical. By arranging virtual sound sources, we deal with the excess sound sources. In the proposed method, contrarily, the errors in the localization stage hardly cause problems as long as they are insertions. SMDP uses redundant directivity patterns from the beginning, so it tolerates insertion errors. The proposed method achieved 70% word accuracy in a double-talk recognition experiment using a 20 K vocabulary, which is 18% better compared to ICA-based blind source separation, with the source-number-given condition.