Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethical decision–making: a multidimensional construct

Poor ethical decision–making costs industry billions of dollars a year and damages the images of corporations. Thus, by answering the question ‘Why do individuals behave as they do when confronted with ethical issues? ’ ethical theory can provide businesses with a means to create a more ethical climate and a more successful operation. This study tested the Ethical Decision–Making Model with accountability (Beu & Buckley 2001), which uses theory that suggests that ethical behavior is influenced by the individual, the issue, social relationships (accountability), and the organization in which the employee is embedded (Brass, Butterfield & Skaggs 1988; Frink & Klimoski 1998). The results showed that individuals’ thought processes (cognitive moral development), personalities (locus of control, hostility and aggression, Machiavellianism), and gender influence how they respond to ethical dilemmas, as well as the salience of the moral issue (moral intensity) and the environmental context (work/school).
Maintaining a directed, triangular formation of mobile autonomous agents

This paper analyzes a class of distributed control laws which encompasses and generalizes three previously considered types of control laws for maintaining a triangular formation in the plane consisting of three point-modeled, mobile autonomous agents. It is shown that the control laws considered can cause any initially non-collinear, positively-oriented {resp. negatively-oriented} three agent formation to converge exponentially fast to a desired positively-oriented {resp. negatively-oriented} triangular formation. These findings extend earlier results and provide an alternative perspective.
Complex Independent Process Analysis

We present a general framework for the search of hidden independent processes in the complex domain. The task is to estimate the hidden independent multidimensional complex-valued components observing only the mixture of the processes driven by them. In our model (i) the hidden independent processes can be multidimensional, they may be subject to (ii) moving averaging, or may evolve in an autoregressive manner, or (iii) they can be non-stationary. These assumptions are covered by integrated autoregressive moving average processes and thus our task is to solve their complex extensions. We show how to reduce the undercomplete version of complex integrated autoregressive moving average processes to real independent subspace analysis that we can solve. Simulations illustrate the working of the algorithm.
Building social support for adolescents with suicidal ideation: implications for school guidance and counselling

ABSTRACT This study involved interviews with 13 adolescents with high levels of suicidal ideation. It aimed to understand how these adolescents perceived their family, school and peer relationships, and how they perceived these systems as their support. Comparison between adolescents with severe and mild suicidal ideation showed that the family, school and peers could act as effective support systems in times of stress. A close interpersonal relationship was the key factor in unlocking these support systems. The school as a support system was highlighted. Implications for school guidance and counselling to strengthen the social support of adolescents and adolescents’ resiliency were discussed.
Regression models for relative survival

Four approaches to estimating a regression model for relative survival using the method of maximum likelihood are described and compared. The underlying model is an additive hazards model where the total hazard is written as the sum of the known baseline hazard and the excess hazard associated with a diagnosis of cancer. The excess hazards are assumed to be constant within pre‐specified bands of follow‐up. The likelihood can be maximized directly or in the framework of generalized linear models. Minor differences exist due to, for example, the way the data are presented (individual, aggregated or grouped), and in some assumptions (e.g. distributional assumptions). The four approaches are applied to two real data sets and produce very similar estimates even when the assumption of proportional excess hazards is violated. The choice of approach to use in practice can, therefore, be guided by ease of use and availability of software. We recommend using a generalized linear model with a Poisson error structure based on collapsed data using exact survival times. The model can be estimated in any software package that estimates GLMs with user‐defined link functions (including SAS, Stata, S‐plus, and R) and utilizes the theory of generalized linear models for assessing goodness‐of‐fit and studying regression diagnostics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Event effectiveness: analysing the perceptions of key stakeholders of the Lexmark Indy 300/Champ Car Event, Gold Coast.

The present study assessed the perceptions of the Lexmark Indy 300/Champ Car Event's key stakeholders namely, spectators, volunteers and paid workers, as part of an evaluation tool for its managers. We developed a model, which included visible, interaction and management elements that we proposed influenced the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders relating to the event effectiveness, strengths, weaknesses and improvements. Specifically, we used a modified version of Preble's (2005) six-step multi-stakeholder assessment approach to examining the perceived overall effectiveness of the event. Fifty stakeholder interviews were conducted on-site and their opinions were content analysed. The key findings of the study were that the majority of the stakeholders perceived the event to be effective. Spectators perceived the strengths to be interaction components, and weaknesses and improvements to be visible elements such as track layout. Volunteers perceived strengths to be management related, but also noted that these were weaknesses and needed improvement. Lastly, paid workers perceived interaction elements to be both strengths and weaknesses, and suggested that management elements could be improved. Important implications for similar motoring events were suggested.
A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework

There is now a growing movement that views a number of behaviours as potentially addictive including many that do not involve the ingestion of a drug (such as gambling, sex, exercise, videogame playing and Internet use). This paper argues that all addictions consist of a number of distinct common components (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict and relapse). The paper argues that addictions are a part of a biopsychosocial process and evidence is growing that excessive behaviours of all types do seem to have many commonalities. It is argued that an eclectic approach to the studying of addictive behaviour appears to be the most pragmatic way forward in the field. Such commonalities may have implications not only for treatment of such behaviours but also for how the general public perceive such behaviours.
An RNF168 fragment defective for focal accumulation at DNA damage is proficient for inhibition of homologous recombination in BRCA1 deficient cells

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 is a DNA damage response (DDR) factor that promotes monoubiquitination of H2A/H2AX at K13/15, facilitates recruitment of other DDR factors (e.g. 53BP1) to DNA damage, and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) in cells deficient in the tumor suppressor BRCA1. We have examined the domains of RNF168 important for these DDR events, including chromosomal HR that is induced by several nucleases (I-SceI, CAS9-WT and CAS9-D10A), since the inducing nuclease affects the relative frequency of distinct repair outcomes. We found that an N-terminal fragment of RNF168 (1-220/N221*) efficiently inhibits HR induced by each of these nucleases in BRCA1 depleted cells, and promotes recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA damage and H2AX monoubiquitination at K13/15. Each of these DDR events requires a charged residue in RNF168 (R57). Notably, RNF168-N221* fails to self-accumulate into ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF). Furthermore, expression of RNF168 WT and N221* can significantly bypass the role of another E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF8, for inhibition of HR in BRCA1 depleted cells, and for promotion of 53BP1 IRIF. We suggest that the ability for RNF168 to promote H2A/H2AX monoubiquitination and 53BP1 IRIF, but not RNF168 self-accumulation into IRIF, is important for inhibition of HR in BRCA1 deficient cells.
Comparison of betamethasone 17-valerate ointment with fluocortolone and fluocortolone caproate ointment.

Topical corticosteroids have revolutionized the therapy of many dermatoses. The value to the dermatologist of commercially available preparations reflects many factors, including the cost, potency, therapeutic efficiency, and cosmetic acceptability of the medicaments. Furthermore, since the pharmacology of most corticosteroids is similar, and the newer fluorinated compounds are of high potency, it becomes increasingly difficult for the clinician to assess the value of different preparations on the market. Clinical impressions resulting from uncontrolled observations can be misleading, but properly conducted double-blind trials avoid the errors arising from bias on the part of the physician or patient. The present investigation compares the value of betamethasone 17-valerate ointment (Betnovate), with fluocortolone and fluocortolone caproate ointment (Ultralanum Plain). It is not intended as a comparison of the value of the constituent steroids or their bases, but as a clinical comparison of the two preparations as marketed in the United Kingdom.
Multiview user interfaces with an automultiscopic display

Automultiscopic displays show 3D stereoscopic images that can be viewed from any viewpoint without special glasses. These displays are becoming widely available and affordable. In this paper, we describe how an automultiscopic display, built for viewing 3D images, can be repurposed to display 2D interfaces that appear differently from different points-of-view. For single-user applications, point-of-view becomes a means of input and a user is able to reveal different views of an application by simply moving their head left and right. For multi-user applications, a single-display application can show each member of the group a different variation of the interface. We outline three types of multi-view interfaces and illustrate each with example applications.
Trends in the residential segregation of blacks Hispanics and Asians: 1970-1980.

This paper examines trends in residential segregation for blacks Hispanics and Asians in 60 [U.S.] SMSAs between 1970 and 1980 using data taken from the 1970 Fourth Count Summary tapes and the 1980 Summary Tape File 4. Segregation was measured using dissimilarity and exposure indices. Black segregation from Anglos declined in some smaller SMSAs in the south and west but in large urban areas in the northeastern and north central states there was little change; in these areas blacks remained spatially isolated and highly segregated.Hispanic segregation was markedly below that of blacks but increased substantially in some urban areas that experienced Hispanic immigration and population growth over the decade.Asian segregation was everywhere quite low. (EXCERPT)
Evaluating Surveillance Breast Imaging and Biopsy in Older Breast Cancer Survivors

Background. Patterns of surveillance among breast cancer survivors are not well characterized and lack evidence-based practice guidelines, particularly for imaging modalities other than mammography. We characterized breast imaging and related biopsy longitudinally among breast cancer survivors in relation to women's characteristics. Methods. Using data from a state-wide (New Hampshire) breast cancer screening registry linked to Medicare claims, we examined use of mammography, ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biopsy among breast cancer survivors. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to model associations of breast surveillance with women's characteristics. Results. The proportion of women with mammography was high over the follow-up period (81.5% at 78 months), but use of US or MRI was much lower (8.0%—first follow-up window, 4.7% by 78 months). Biopsy use was consistent throughout surveillance periods (7.4%–9.4%). Surveillance was lower among older women and for those with a higher stage of diagnosis. Primary therapy was significantly associated with greater likelihood of breast surveillance. Conclusions. Breast cancer surveillance patterns for mammography, US, MRI, and related biopsy seem to be associated with age, stage, and treatment, but need a larger evidence-base for clinical recommendations.
The DNA replication protein Cdc6 inhibits the microtubule-organizing activity of the centrosome

The centrosome serves as a major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). The Cdc6 protein is a component of the pre-replicative complex and a licensing factor for the initiation of chromosome replication and localizes to centrosomes during the S and G2 phases of the cfell cycle of human cells. This cell cycle-dependent localization of Cdc6 to the centrosome motivated us to investigate whether Cdc6 negatively regulates MTOC activity and to determine the integral proteins that comprise the pericentriolar material (PCM). Time-lapse live-cell imaging of microtubule regrowth revealed that Cdc6 depletion increased microtubule nucleation at the centrosomes and that expression of Cdc6 in Cdc6-depleted cells reversed this effect. This increase and decrease in microtubule nucleation correlated with the centrosomal intensities of PCM proteins such as γ-tubulin, pericentrin, CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), and centrosomal protein 192 (Cep192). The regulation of microtubule nucleation and the recruitment of PCM proteins to the centrosome required Cdc6 ATPase activity, as well as a centrosomal localization of Cdc6. These results suggest a novel function for Cdc6 in coordinating centrosome assembly and function.
Cultural Change and Chinese Immigrants' Distress and Help-Seeking in Hong Kong

Abstract The study examined, within a stress-coping paradigm, the contribution of acculturation, enculturation, and acculturative stress to distress and help-seeking among Mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong. One hundred and thirty-one female immigrants were recruited from community service centers. Hierarchical regression results showed that general stress and acculturative stress were linked to distress. Social support did not play a buffering role on distress. Whereas length of residence and social support were strongly related to informal helpseeking, acculturation, along with age and social support, were related to professional help-seeking. Given the differential effects of various cultural change variables, the importance of independently assessing their influence on immigrant mental health and help-seeking is warranted.
Your Experience Is Not My Experience

Central to the field of disability studies is the concept of disability culture, because it provides a sense of cohesion for persons with disabilities and helps to explain their identity, place in the world, and management strategies. Discussions of disability culture generally focus on shared experiences, values, and relationships to the environment. An implicit assumption in many analyses is that disability cul. ture is common to all people with disabilities and is experienced in a similar way. The authors of this paper analyzed the contextualized life stories of four African Americans with disabilities in Chicago in order to explore their disability experiences, their ideas about disability and disability culture, and the relevance of and possible participation in the disability community. None of these individuals embraced the idea of disability culture, nor did they participate in the disability community. Instead, they responded to their own inner city context and culture, which is defined by poverty, racism, danger, drug use, unemployment, and poor medical services. Their "culture of persecution," which is widely spread and expressed in different ways, deals with concerns other than disability, such as day-to-day survival. For inner-city African Americans, the concept of disability has some similarities to—but is essentially different in meaning, consequences, and life expression from—that of other groups of people with disabilities, such as those from different racelethnic backgrounds or social status. The implications of these findings for future research, service interventions, and social policy are also explored.
Deconvolution-Based CT and MR Brain Perfusion Measurement: Theoretical Model Revisited and Practical Implementation Details

Deconvolution-based analysis of CT and MR brain perfusion data is widely used in clinical practice and it is still a topic of ongoing research activities. In this paper, we present a comprehensive derivation and explanation of the underlying physiological model for intravascular tracer systems. We also discuss practical details that are needed to properly implement algorithms for perfusion analysis. Our description of the practical computer implementation is focused on the most frequently employed algebraic deconvolution methods based on the singular value decomposition. In particular, we further discuss the need for regularization in order to obtain physiologically reasonable results. We include an overview of relevant preprocessing steps and provide numerous references to the literature. We cover both CT and MR brain perfusion imaging in this paper because they share many common aspects. The combination of both the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of perfusion analysis explicitly emphasizes the simplifications to the underlying physiological model that are necessary in order to apply it to measured data acquired with current CT and MR scanners.
Gender and Ethnic Disparities in Incidence and Survival of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue, Base of Tongue, and Tonsils: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program-Based Analysis

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral tongue (OT) and of the base of the tongue and tonsils (BTT) differ with respect to etiology, treatment and prognosis. Human papillomavirus has been linked to the increased incidence of BTT, yet, the trends in incidence of BTT and OT tumors among gender and ethnic origin groups have not been well examined. We sought to examine the trend in gender-, ethnic origin- and age-specific incidence of these tumors over time. Methods: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the US National Cancer Institute. We examined temporal trends in sex- and ethnic origin-specific incidence of SCC by calculating the annual percent changes followed by joinpoint analyses evaluating changes in trend. Results: While BTT increased in age-adjusted rates among white males with a more pronounced increase observed in the mid-1990s, white females experienced a significant increase in incidence of OT tumors. Patients with advanced OT carcinoma had a significantly lower survival compared to those with advanced BTT disease; however, patients with early-stage OT tumors had a better survival compared to patients with BTT. Conclusions: While the increase in incidence of BTT tumors in white men is likely human papillomavirus driven, more studies are needed to elucidate the increasing incidence of OT tumors in white women. The differences in outcomes across ethnic origin groups are also described and discussed.
Combination of new biologic parameters as a prognostic index in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

&NA; In a total of 77 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomas, new biologic parameters [estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR), DNA‐ploidy (DP), S‐phase fraction (Spf), cycling index (Ki67), Her2b/neu oncoprotein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R), cathepsin D and P170 glycoprotein] have been simultaneously detected and correlated to the clinical outcome [progression‐free (PFI) and overall survival (OAS)] in a preliminary study. Apart from conventional prognosticators (age, stage, grade, residual tumor) and the postoperative serum marker Ca125, DP (P = 0.01), Spf (P = 0.009), Ki67 (P = 0.05) and PR (P = 0.01) could predict a short OAS (log rank test), whereas cathepsin D was of borderline significance only. Prognostic significance could be improved by using combinations of different factors [two markers of differentiation (DP, PR), one marker of proliferation (Spf) and one marker describing local tumor spread (cathepsin D)]. The difference in prognosis between patients with either all or three favorable tumor factors and patients with two to four unfavorable tumor factors reached a similar significance as can be obtained using FIGO stage as a prognostic factor (P = 0.007 for PFI, P = 0.0005 for OAS). These results were similar if early stages (FIGO I and II) were excluded. However, in a Cox regression analysis, including stage and residual tumor, this combination was significantly independent for PFI and OAS and could give additional information. Therefore, the large number of new biologic tumor markers could be restricted to only a few significant prognosticators to predict prognosis in primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. In the future tumor characterizations may allow more individualized treatment with more aggressive, or even without, cytotoxic therapy after primary surgery.
Adaptive insecure attachment and resource control strategies during middle childhood

By integrating the life history theory of attachment with resource control theory, the current study examines the hypothesis that insecure attachment styles reorganized in middle childhood are alternative adaptive strategies used to prepare for upcoming competition with the peer group. A sample of 654 children in the second through seventh grades in Shanghai, China, participated in this study. The children reported attachment relationships with their mother and the use of resource control strategies in the peer group. Boys had higher avoidant attachment scores than girls, whereas girls had higher ambivalent attachment scores than boys. Moreover, avoidant attachment was positively associated with the use of coercive strategies to control resources. Ambivalent attachment was associated with the use of both coercive and prosocial strategies to control resources. A number of other gender and developmental differences were also observed. The implications for the adaptiveness of insecure attachment in middle childhood are discussed.
Dynamic Parameters Variability

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the time between measures on ground reaction force running variability; 15 healthy men (age = 23.8 ± 3.7 years; weight = 72.8 ± 7.7 kg; height 174.3 ± 8.4 cm) performed two trials of running 45 minutes at 9 km/hr at intervals of seven days. The ground reaction forces were recorded every 5 minutes. The coefficients of variation of indicative parameters of the ground reaction forces for each condition were compared. The coefficients of variations of the ground reaction forces curve analyzed between intervals and sessions were 21.9% and 21.48%, respectively. There was no significant difference for the ground reaction forces parameters Fy1, tFy1, TC1, Imp50, Fy2, and tFy2 between intervals and sessions. Although the ground reaction forces variables present a natural variability, this variability in intervals and in sessions remained consistent, ensuring a high reliability in repeated measures designs.