Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovering knowledge in Microblog based on naturally annotated web resources

Microblog has become one of the most popular social networking services. Users of Microblog generate large amounts of data everyday. Volumes of data and the large number of users make Microblog potentially a valuable data source for data mining and knowledge discovery. This paper aims to mine knowledge from the user generated data and discover the major knowledge contributors in Microblog. We propose a framework based on naturally annotated web resources and apply this framework to mine three kinds of knowledge and to discover the major knowledge contributors in Microblog. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Vann et al . : Variation in teosinte at the tb 1 locus Natural variation in teosinte at the domestication locus teosinte branched 1 ( tb 1 ) 1

1 Premise of the study: The teosinte branched1 (tb1 ) gene is a major QTL controlling branching 2 differences between maize and its wild progenitor, teosinte. The insertion of a transposable 3 element (Hopscotch) upstream of tb1 is known to enhance the gene’s expression, causing reduced 4 tillering in maize. Observations of the maize tb1 allele in teosinte and estimates of an insertion 5 age of the Hopscotch that predates domestication led us to investigate its prevalence and 6 potential role in teosinte. 7 Methods: Prevalence of the Hopscotch element was assessed across an Americas-wide sample of 8 837 maize and teosinte individuals using a co-dominant PCR assay. Population genetic summaries 9 were calculated for a subset of individuals from four teosinte populations in central Mexico. 10 Phenotypic data were also collected using seed from a single teosinte population where Hopscotch 11 was found segregating at high frequency. 12 Key results: Genotyping results indicate the Hopscotch element is found in a number of teosinte 13 populations and linkage disequilibrium near tb1 does not support recent introgression from maize. 14 Population genetic signatures are consistent with selection on this locus revealing a potential 15 ecological role for Hopscotch in teosinte, but a greenhouse experiment does not detect a strong 16 association between tb1 and tillering in teosinte. 17 Conclusions: Our findings suggest the role of Hopscotch differs between maize and teosinte. 18 Future work should assess tb1 expression levels in teosinte with and without the Hopscotch and 19 more comprehensively phenotype teosinte to assess the ecological significance of the Hopscotch 20 insertion and, more broadly, the tb1 locus in teosinte. 21
Influence of attitudes on tourists' perception of terrorism

This research presents an Ordered Logit Model in which the dependent variable is represented by the individual evaluation that terrorist acts may cause deterrence from traveling to holiday destinations. The aim of this work is evaluating how attitudes and preferences in a tourismrelated context influence tourists’ visualization of a destination’s dangerousness. We include in the model a series of latent variables capturing constructs related to attitudes toward international travel. The research is based on data collected from a sample of University students in Lugano (Switzerland). This included questions regarding individuals’ perception terrorist acts in a tourism context, psychographics concerning travel attitudes and preferences, past travel experiences as well as personal traits. Preliminary results show that attitudes represent an important factor explaining travel deterrence caused by fear of terrorist acts. In fact, attitudinal constructs affect directly individuals’ perception of terrorist events and its impact on travel deterrence. Moreover, respondents’ personal traits such as gender and continent of origin contribute to explain the formation of different attitudes and preferences.
CLOTBUST-Hands Free: Initial Safety Testing of a Novel Operator-Independent Ultrasound Device in Stroke-Free Volunteers

Background and Purpose— We aimed to evaluate safety and tolerability of a novel operator-independent ultrasound device among stroke-free volunteers. Methods— A headframe containing 18 ultrasound transducers (each operating at 2 MHz, pulsed-wave) was used to expose both temporal windows and the suboccipital window. The transmission characteristics were set to emulate the acoustic characteristics of the exposure levels in the Combined Lysis of Thrombus in Brain Ischemia using Transcranial Ultrasound and Systemic tPA (CLOTBUST) trial and to never exceed Food and Drug Administration mandated diagnostic ultrasound exposure limits. Volunteers underwent 2 hours of insonation with transducer activation one at a time. Safety was captured using serial neurological examinations and pre- and postinsonation MRI for detection of the blood brain barrier permeability. Results— A total of 15 volunteers (40% men; 49±16 years; 27% black; all pre-exposure National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 0) were enrolled. Five volunteers received pulsed-wave ultrasound via the best pair temporal transducers, 5 via sequential activation of the suboccipital transducers, and 5 via sequential activation of all bilateral temporal and suboccipital transducers. All subjects were safely insonated with no adverse effects as indicated by the neurological examinations during, immediately after the exposure, and at 24 hours, and no abnormality of the blood brain barrier was found on any of the MRIs. Conclusions— Our novel device was well tolerated by stroke-free volunteers and did not cause any neurological dysfunction nor did it affect blood brain barrier integrity. The safety and efficacy of the device are now being tested in stroke patients receiving intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in phase II–III clinical trials.
Weighting and normalisation of synchronous HMMs for audio-visual speech recognition

In this paper, we examine the effect of varying the stream weights in synchronous multi-stream hidden Markov models (HMMs) for audio-visual speech recognition. Rather than considering the stream weights to be the same for training and testing, we examine the effect of different stream weights for each task on the final speech-recognition performance. Evaluating our system under varying levels of audio and video degradation on the XM2VTS database, we show that the final performance is primarily a function of the choice of stream weight used in testing, and that the choice of stream weight used for training has a very minor corresponding effect. By varying the value of the testing stream weights we show that the best average speech recognition performance occurs with the streams weighted at around 80% audio and 20% video. However, by examining the distribution of frame-by-frame scores for each stream on a left-out section of the database, we show that these testing weights chosen primarily serve to normalise the two stream score distributions, rather than indicating the dependence of the final performance on either stream. By using a novel adaption of zero-normalisation to normalise each stream's models before performing the weighted-fusion, we show that the actual contribution of the audio and video scores to the best performing speech system is closer to equal that appears to be indicated by the un-normalised stream weighting parameters alone.
A Reconfigurable Programmable Logic Block for a Multi-Style Asynchronous FPGA resistant to Side-Channel Attacks

Side-channel attacks are efficient attacks against cryptographic devices. They use only quantities observable from outside, such as the duration and the power consumption. Attacks against synchronous devices using electric observations are facilitated by the fact that all transitions occur simultaneously with some global clock signal. Asynchronous control remove this synchronization and therefore makes it more difficult for the attacker to insulate \emph{interesting intervals}. In addition the coding of data in an asynchronous circuit is inherently more difficult to attack. This article describes the Programmable Logic Block of an asynchronous FPGA resistant against \emph{side-channel attacks}. Additionally it can implement different styles of asynchronous control and of data representation.
Using ethnography to design a mass detection tool (MDT) for the early discovery of insurance fraud

We describe a Mass Detection Tool (MDT) for early detection of insurance fraud. Ethnography was used to specify needs and process, capture expertise, and design an interface for triggering fraud indicators while capturing unexpected anomalies detected by claims handlers. The MDT uses a dynamic Bayesian Belief Network of fraud indicators, whose weights are determined by how predictive each indicator is of specific types of fraud. The system uses automated knowledge updating to keep pace with dynamically changing fraud, adding new indicators that emerge from patterns of repeated anomalies.
Effective Field Theory of a Locally Noncommutative Space-Time and Extra Dimensions

We assume that the noncommutativity starts to be visible continuously from a scale ΛNC. According to this assumption, a two-loop effective action is derived for noncommutative ϕ4 and ϕ3 theories from a Wilsonian point of view. We show that these effective theories are free of UV/IR mixing phenomena. We also investigate the positivity constraint on coefficients of higher dimension operators present in the effective theory. This constraint makes the low energy theory to be UV completion of a full theory. Finally, we discuss noncommutativity and extra dimensions. In our effective theories formulated on noncommutative extra dimensions, if the campactification scale Λc is less than the scale ΛNC, the theory will not suffer from UV/IR mixing.
Mild and Efficient Winterfeldt Oxidation of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-γ-carbolines for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]-quinolones and Pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones

The Winterfeldt oxidation (NaOH, DMF, air, rt) of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carbolines has been developed, which provides a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of the corresponding dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in moderate to excellent yields (38–94%). The generality and substrate scope of this reaction are explored and a possible mechanism is proposed. The results imply that electron-withdrawing groups on N2 of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and N5-H are necessary. The synthesis of 5 or 7-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in near quantitative yields was also achieved through deprotection and aromatization of N1-boc-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones.
Secure Lossy Source Coding for Some Classes of Helper and Gray-Wyner Models

In this work, we investigate two source coding models, a \emph{Helper} problem and a \emph{Gray-Wyner} problem, under equivocation constraints. Specifically, in the Helper problem, an encoder communicates with a legitimate receiver through noise-free rate-limited public and private links; and an external passive eavesdropper intercepts every information that is sent on the public link. We study two classes of this model: i) when a pair of arbitrarily correlated discrete memoryless sources is to be encoded such that one component has to be recovered lossily at the legitimate receiver while the equivocation about both components at the eavesdropper must be maintained no smaller than some prescribed level; and ii) when the legitimate receiver reproduces both components, one of which, that is recovered losslessly, has to be concealed from the eavesdropper to some equivocation level. For both classes problems, we establish single-letter characterizations of optimal rate-distortion-equivocation tradeoffs in the discrete memoryless case. Next, we extend our results to the case of two legitimate receivers, i.e., Gray-Wyner network with equivocation constraints. Here, two legitimate receivers are connected to the encoder each through a dedicated error-free private link as well as a common error-free public link; and an external passive eavesdropper overhears on the public link. We study two classes of this model that are extensions of the aforementioned instances of Helper problems to the case of two receivers. For each of the two classes, we establish a single-letter characterization of the optimal rate-distortion-equivocation region. Throughout the paper, the analysis sheds light on the role of the private links, and we illustrate the results by computing them for some binary examples. Also, we make some meaningful connections, e.g., with problems of secret-sharing and encryption.
Development of post-thoracotomy pain syndrome in patients undergoing lung surgery - comparison of thoracic paravertebral and epidural analgesia

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Post-thoracotomy pain syndrome is one ofthe major concerns following the thoracic surgery. Our study was aimed tocompare two methods of regional analgesia in development of this syn-drome as well as establish the quality of life in both groups. Patients and Methods: 50 patients undergoing thoracotomy were en-rolled in the study and were randomizedto thoracicparavertebralcathetheranalgesia group (group TPA; 25 patients) and to thoracic epidural analge-sia group (group TEA; 25 patients). Before induction of anaesthesia pa-tients in both groups received 60 mg/kg morphine and local anaesthetic(TEA group: 0.125% bupivacaine, TPA group: 0.5% bupivacaine accord-ing to Bromage scheme). After the procedure TEA group recieved a mix-ture, composed of morphine 10 mg, bupivacaine 125 mg and clonidine0.15 mg/100 mL saline; the rate of infusion was 0.05 mL/kg/h. TPA groupreceived another mixture, composed of morphine 10 mg, bupivacaine250 mg and clonidine 0.15 mg/100 mL saline; the rate of infusion was thesame as already noted above. PCA infusion system was used in both cases.Postthoracotomy pain was assessed in 3 month’s period after the surgery.The quality of life was evaluated with Brief Pain Inventory.
The Baikal Neutrino Telescope: Status and plans

The high energy neutrino telescope NT200+ is currently in operation in Lake Baikal. We review the status of the Baikal the Baikal Neutrino Telescope, and describe recent progress on key components of the next generation kilometer-cube (km3) Lake Baikal detector, like investigation of new large area phototubes, integrated into the telescope.
High Levels of S100A12 Are Associated With Recent Plaque Symptomatology in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis

Background and Purpose— Atherosclerosis is a progressive chronic disease, in which inflammation plays a key role. The calcium-binding proteins calgranulins including S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 are involved in many cellular activities and pathological processes including inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that calgranulins may be markers of plaque instability in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods— Plasma levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A10 were measured in 159 consecutive patients with high-grade carotid stenosis and in 22 healthy control subjects. The mRNA levels of calgranulins were also measured within the atherosclerotic carotid plaques, and their regulation was analyzed in vitro in monocytes. Results— Our main findings were: (1) plasma levels of S100A12 were significantly higher in patients with carotid atherosclerosis compared with healthy control subjects with the highest levels in patients with the most recent symptoms (ie, within 2 months); (2) plasma levels of S100A8/S100A9 showed a modest increase in patients with symptoms in the previous 2 to 6 months but not in the other patients; (3) mRNA levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 showed increased expression in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from patients with the most recent symptoms compared with the remaining patients; (4) in THP-1 monocytes, activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 increased mRNA levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S10012 and interleukin-1&bgr;, interferon &ggr;, and releasate from thrombin-activated platelets significantly enhanced the expression of S100A12. Conclusions— Our findings support a link between calgranulins and atherogenesis and suggest that these mediators, and in particular S100A12, may be related to plaque instability.
Integrating S6 code search and Code Bubbles

We wanted to provide a tool for doing code search over open source repositories as part of the Code Bubbles integrated development environment. Integrating code search as a plug-in to Code Bubbles required substantial changes to the S6 code search engine and the development of appropriate user interfaces in Code Bubbles. After briefly reviewing Code Bubbles and the S6 search engine, this paper describes the integration strategy, the front end for code search, the modifications to the code search engine to handle context-based search, and the user interface for handling the results of the search.
Adaptive and robust feature selection for low bitrate mobile augmented reality applications

Mobile augmented reality applications rely on automatically matching a captured visual scene to an image in a database. This is typically achieved by deriving a set of features for the captured image, transmitting them through a network and then matching with features derived for a database of reference images. A fundamental problem is to select as few and robust features as possible such that the matching accuracy is invariant to distortions caused by camera capture whilst minimising the bit rate required for their transmission. In this paper, novel feature selection methods are proposed, based on the entropy of the image content, entropy of extracted features and the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) coefficients. The methods proposed in the descriptor domain and DCT domain achieve better matching accuracy under low bit rate transmission than start-of-the-art peak based feature selection used within the MPEG-7 Compact Descriptor for Visual Search (CDVS). This is verified from image retrieval experiments and results for a realistic dataset with complex real world capturing distortion. Results show that the proposed method can improve the matching accuracy for various detectors and also indicate that the feature selection can not only achieves low bit rate transmission but also results in a higher matching accuracy than using all features when applied to distorted images. Hence, even if all the features can be transmitted in high transmission bandwidth scenarios, feature selection should still be applied to the distorted query image to ensure high matching accuracy.
Tool Demonstration: An IDE for Programming and Proving in Idris

Dependently typed programming languages have a rich type system, which enables developers to combine proofs with programs, sometimes even eroding the boundary between the activities of proving and programming. This introduces new challenges for integrated development environments that must support this boundary. Instead of reimplementing large parts of a compiler, such as a type checker and a totality checker, we extended the Idris compiler with a structured, machine-readable protocol for interacting with other programs. Furthermore, we developed an IDE for Idris in Emacs, which uses this structured input and output mode, that attempts to combine features from both proof assistant interfaces and rich programming environments such as SLIME. The Idris extension turned out to be generally useful, and has been used in applications such as an IRC bot, an interactive website for trying out Idris, and support for other editors.
Building Consensus on the Characteristics of Developmental Maturity: A Cross-Disciplinary Survey of Psychologists

ABSTRACT A critical step toward ensuring a consistent approach to and communication about the construct of developmental maturity is refinement of a general, unified representation of this construct across psychological subspecialties. The current study evaluated the core characteristics of developmental maturity by examining the factor structure of this broad concept. Results of an exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor solution of developmental maturity: independent functioning, decision making, emotion regulation, and general cognitive processing. Overall, psychologists across subspecialties did not differ significantly in their ratings of items across the four factors. Findings contribute to a cross-disciplinary, comprehensive, and operational definition of developmental maturity.
A proof of the gap labeling conjecture

We give a proof of the Gap Labeling Conjecture formulated by J. Bellissard. This gives information about the spectrum of a Schrodinger operator associated to a quasicrystal. The proof makes use of a version of Connes' Index Theorem for Foliations which was introduced by C. Moore and C. Schochet and is appropriate for foliated spaces. These arise naturally in dynamics and are likely to have further applications.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Caused by Stroke

AbstractLimited information is available regarding stroke-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of stroke-related OHCA and to identify the factors associated with patient outcomes.We conducted a nationwide population-based study of adult OHCA patients in Japan from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009. We examined the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke-related OHCA compared with cardiogenic OHCA. The primary outcome was neurologically favorable survival.Of the 243,140 eligible patients, 18,682 (7.7%) were diagnosed with stroke-related OHCA. Compared to OHCA with a presumed cardiac etiology, stroke-related OHCA patients had a greater chance of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (9.9% vs 5.9%, P < 0.0001) but a reduced chance of 1-month survival (3.6% vs 4.9%, P < 0.0001) or favorable neurological outcomes (1.2% vs 2.6%, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for a variety of confounding factors, the prehospital ROSC rates were higher (adjusted OR 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34–2.62), but the neurologically favorable survival rates were lower (adjusted OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.57–0.76), among the stroke-related OHCA patients. In stroke-related OHCA cases, having a younger age, witness, and shockable 1st documented rhythm were associated with improved outcomes. Men had more favorable neurological outcomes. Seasonal or circadian factors had no critical impact on favorable neurological outcomes. Prehospital advanced life support techniques (i.e., epinephrine administration or advanced airway management) were not associated with favorable neurological outcomes.Although stroke-related OHCA had lower 1-month survival rates and poorer neurological outcomes than cardiogenic OHCA, the rates were not considered to be medically futile. Characteristically, sex differences might impact neurologically favorable survival.
A phrase-based opinion list for the German language

We present a new phrase-based generated list of opinion bearing words and phrases for the German language. The list contains adjectives and nouns as well as adjectiveand noun-based phrases and their opinion values on a continuous range between 1 and +1. For each word or phrase two additional quality measures are given. The list was produced using a large number of product review titles providing a textual assessment and numerical star ratings from Amazon.de. As both, review titles and star ratings, can be regarded as a summary of the writers opinion concerning a product, they are strongly correlated. Thus, the opinion value for a given word or phrase is derived from the mean star rating of review titles which contain the word or phrase. The paper describes the calculation of the opinion values and the corrections which were necessary due to the so-called “Jshaped distribution” of online reviews. The opinion values obtained are amazingly accurate.