Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Frequent Tree Patterns without Subtrees Maintenance

The inherent flexibility in both structure and semantics let tree capture most kinds of data, model a wide variety of data sources, and produce an enormous number of information. The ability to extract valuable knowledge from them becomes increasingly important and desirable, however, existing tree mining algorithms suffer from several serious pitfalls in finding frequent patterns from massive tree datasets, because most of them have used a priori property for candidate generation and frequency counting. Some of the major problems are due to (1) modeling data as hierarchical tree structure, (2) computationally high cost of the candidate maintenance, (3) repetitious input dataset scans, and (4) the high memory dependency. Therefore, a more efficient and practical approach for tree data is required. In this paper, we systematically develop the pattern growth method instead of the a priori method, for mining maximal frequent tree patterns which are special frequent patterns of a set of trees. The proposed method not only gets rid of the process for infrequent subtrees pruning, but also totally eliminates the problem of generating candidate subtrees. Hence, it significantly improves the whole mining process.
Performance Improvement of Physical Retiming with Shortcut Insertion

Retiming is a well known method for improving the performance of sequential circuits. However, maximum cycle ratio (MCR) is one of the most serious restrictions to be considered by retiming-based techniques. As MCR is proportional to the critical cycle delay, finding shortcut paths to reduce the length of critical cycle can improve the circuit performance. In this paper, Shannon decomposition is used iteratively to insert shortcuts and reduce critical cycles delay. Reducing MCR can lead to better physical retiming results due to available placement information. Our experimental results show more than 16% improvement in retiming gained performance with the area overhead of about 3%, on average.
Dependency Parsing Features for Semantic Parsing

Current semantic parsing systems either largely ignore the syntactic structure of the natural language input or attempt to learn highly underconstrained, noisy syntactic representations. We present two new classes of features for statistical semantic parsing that utilize information about syntactic structure, extracted from a dependency parse of an utterance, to score semantic parses for that utterance. These features, when added to an existing state-of-theart semantic parsing framework, improve macro-averaged F1 from 31% to 38.3% over a strong baseline on a broad-coverage benchmark dataset. In experiments on small, focused datasets, we identify specific relationships between syntactic structure and semantic composition that these features enable the framework to learn, relationships it fails to learn without them.
The Study on the Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Based on RS and GIS in the Last Decade

With the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the type of land use/land cover in Three Gorges Reservoir Region changed much, at the same time, the environment of the same region changed greatly, too. There is some relationship between the land use/land cover changes and environment changes, which is the reason of the paper. Firstly, the analysis of the TM Remote Sensing images in 1995 and 2008 and other related data in Three Gorges Reservoir Region was made, then the area value of different land use/land cover type in 1995 and 2008 was extracted, the change law of different type was obtained. On the other hand, the change law of different environment parameters in 1995 and 2008 was made by querying the Statistical Data. The relationship between the Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Environment changes and the reason of the relationship were discussed at last. The Remote Sensing (RS) method provides abundant and real-time information, and Geographic Information System (GIS) has powerful functions in data processing and spatial analysis. The combination of RS and GIS has inestimable advantages compared with the traditional methods, and is highly effective in analyzing the relationship between the land use/land cover changes and environment changes in Three Gorges Reservoir Region.
Randomized trial of volume expansion with albumin or saline in children with severe malaria: preliminary evidence of albumin benefit.

BACKGROUND Metabolic acidosis is the best predictor of death in children with severe falciparum malaria; however, its treatment presents a therapeutic dilemma, because acidosis and hypovolemia may coexist with coma, which can be associated with elevated intracranial pressure. We postulated that volume resuscitation with albumin might correct acidosis and hypovolemia with a lower risk of precipitating cerebral edema than crystalloid. In an open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we compared the safety of resuscitation with albumin to saline in Kenyan children with severe malaria. METHODS We randomly assigned children with severe malaria and metabolic acidosis (base deficit, >8 mmol/L) to receive fluid resuscitation with either 4.5% albumin or normal saline. A control (maintenance only) group was only included for patients with a base deficit of <15 mmol/L. The primary outcome measure was the percentage reduction in base deficit at 8 h. Secondary end points included death, the requirement for rescue therapies, and neurological sequelae in survivors. RESULTS Of 150 children recruited for the trial, 61 received saline, 56 received albumin, and 33 served as control subjects. There was no significant difference in the resolution of acidosis between the groups; however, the mortality rate was significantly lower among patients who received albumin (3.6% [2 of 56 patients]) than among those who received saline (18% [11 of 61]; relative risk, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-24.8; P=.013). CONCLUSIONS In high-risk children with severe malaria and acidosis, fluid resuscitation with albumin may reduce mortality. Our study design did not enable us to determine whether saline administration is preferable to fluid restriction or whether saline administration is actually hazardous. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive treatment recommendations can be made.
How a service-oriented architecture may change the software development process

Introduction Software development practices have evolved substantially during the past decade. As so called "agile" approaches have gained more acceptance and applications have become progressively more distributed in terms of their physical execution and the development of components, the service-oriented approach to IT architecture has become an important alternative to traditional software development. Another impetus for the trend to a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is provided by enterprise system vendors as they are incorporating the service-oriented paradigm into their products. Substantial efforts related to open standards (such as Web service standards) and open source products (such as open source enterprise service bus, development tools) are further driving a service-oriented approach for information systems. A key question is whether SOA adopters are going to be ready for this change and whether they can provide a technical and an organizational environment in which SOA-related technologies can be leveraged to their full potential. There is some indication that currently this may not be the case. In fact, some organizations that have embarked on SOA-related projects early have experienced disappointments. As with other technology waves, the important question is not whether SOA is inherently a good or a bad idea, but rather how it can be done right in a given context. This article tries to answer this question with respect to the software development process. While much of the literature, both in academia and industry, has focused on business implications of SOA, technological realization, architectural issues, and implementation guidelines, few publications have addressed the impact of SOA on the software development process and its methodology. As with any organizational change, modifications to software development processes or practices entail switching cost. Therefore, individuals as well as organizations are inclined to stay with "proven" methodologies, although adjustments based on task requirements and technology characteristics should be key drivers for the methodology choice and are needed to help adopters leverage the full potential of SOA. This article examines the differences and discusses which parts of development process and methodology may require adjustments to effectively leverage a SOA. It presents the results of a field study suggesting changes to software development practices that are necessary to accommodate the unique properties of the service-oriented approach.
FINGERPRINT ORIENTATION FIELD INTERPOLATION BASED ON THE CONSTRAINED DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION

A direction map or an orientation field is widely used in automatic fingerprint verification and recognition systems. In most existing methods, the block-wise orientation field is computed from the squared gradients. Since a fingerprint image can contain areas that may be smeared or scarcely distributed, faulty orientations can be produced during the process of orientation field estimation. In this paper, we propose a constrained Delaunay triangulation (CDT) based orientation field interpolation method. In this method, the orientation coherence is used to segment an image into foreground and background, valid regions and invalid regions, and the contours of the invalid regions are used to construct the CDT that is used to interpolate the orientations of the invalid regions. Compared with the commonly used filter and diffusion based methods, the advantages of our method include that no pre-defined neighborhood is needed, that no iteration is needed, and that the orientations still conform well to the fingerprints’ ridges and valleys. Our experiment results show the efficiency of the proposed approach.
How do French College Students Evaluate Their Social Integration and Transversal Skills and What Affects Their Evaluation

This research, as a part of a PhD thesis in educational sciences relates to the social network and the transversal skills developed by the Bachelor's degree students (“Licence”) in a French college. Overall, this work aims at identifying and estimating origins and effects of student social integration and transversal skills within the college careers. Four areas of student social integration and ten skills stemming from a reference table are measured by an original questionnaire. In this paper, the first preliminary results of this work are presented and reveal the influence of various personal and contextual factors on the integration and skills scores stated by students.
Finding 3 D Parametric Representations of the Deep Cortical FoldsMarc Vaillant

Marc Vaillant, Christos Davatzikos and R. Nick Bryan Neuroimaging Laboratory Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 600 N. Wolfe street, Baltimore MD 21287 WWW: http://ditzel.rad. jhu.edu Abstract Parametric representations of anatomical structures provide useful mathematical descriptions for many medical imaging applications, including morphological analysis of the brain. In this paper, we develop a methodology for obtaining a parametric representation of the deep cortical folds of the brain utilizing characteristics of the cortical shape. We rst nd a mathematical representation of the outer cortical surface using a deformable surface algorithm. Using the principal curvatures of the resulting surface, we then identify the edges on the sulci on it, and we initialize active contours along them. An external force eld guides an active contour to the deep edge of a sulcus, along the medial surface of a cortical fold. A parametric description of a sulcal surface is obtained as the active contour traverses the sulcus, sweeping a surface resembling a convoluted ribbon embedded in 3D. In this paper we present results using magnetic resonance images.
Putting “Laughing at Yourself” to the Test

Abstract McGhee described the ability to laugh at yourself as a facet of the sense of humor that is malleable and constitutes the fifth out of six facets forming the sense of humor. Also, McGhee made it measurable by including it in the Sense of Humor Scale (SHS McGhee, Paul E. 1996. Health, healing, and the amuse system (2. edition): Humor as survival training. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing). The current study investigated whether individuals (N=78) could laugh at photos in which their face was distorted and mocking captions were added (multi-method approach: self-reports, facial responses assessed by the Facial Action Coding System, unobtrusive measures). Moreover, as two possible pre-conditions of being able to laugh at yourself, acceptance and importance of one’s physical appearance were studied. The results show that individuals indeed get amused about themselves, yet, laughing at yourself in McGhee’s sense was a better predictor of the absence of negative responses towards the stimuli (in reported emotions, facial responses, ratings of photos) than the presence of positive responses. Accepting ones appearance correlated positively to laughing at yourself. Thus, to be able to laugh at yourself seems to be a continuum, starting from not feeling negatively about being the target of a joke to “hearty laughter”.
Optimization of subsequence matching under time warping in time-series databases

This paper discusses effective processing of subsequence matching under time warping in time-series databases. Time warping is a transformation that enables finding of sequences with similar patterns even when they are of different lengths. Through a preliminary experiment, we first point out that Naive-Scan, a basic method for processing of subsequence matching under time warping, has its performance bottleneck in the CPU processing step. For optimizing this step, in this paper, we propose a novel method that eliminates all possible redundant calculations. It is verified that this method is not only an optimal one for processing Naive-Scan, but also does not incur any false dismissals. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method can make great improvement in performance of subsequence matching under time warping. Especially, Naive-Scan, which has been known to show the worst performance, performs much better than LB-Scan as well as ST-Filter in all the cases by employing the proposed method for CPU processing. This result is interesting and valuable in that the performance inversion among Naive-Scan, LB-Scan, and ST-Filter has occurred by optimizing the CPU processing step, which is their common performance bottleneck.
CAPRE: A New Methodology for Product Recommendation Based on Customer Actionability and Profitability

Recommender systems can apply knowledge discovery techniques to the problem of making product recommendations. This aims to establish a customer loyalty strategy and thus to optimize the customer life time value. In this paper we propose CAPRE, a data-mining based methodology for recommender systems based on the analysis of turnover for customers of specific products. Contrary to classical recommender systems, CAPRE does not aspire to predict a customer's behavior but to influence that behavior. By measuring the action ability and profitability of customers, we have the ability to focus on customers that can afford to spend larger sums of money in the target business. CAPRE aggregates rules to extract characteristic purchasing behaviors, and then analyzes the counter-examples to detect the most actionable and profitable customers. We measure the effectiveness of CAPRE by performing a cross-validation on the Movie Lens benchmark. The methodology is applied to over 10,000 individual customers and 100,000 products for the customer relationship management of VM Matériaux company, thus assisting the salespersons' objective to increase the customer value.
Induced pluripotent stem cells: origins, applications, and future perspectives

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are widely used for different purposes, including gene targeting, cell therapy, tissue repair, organ regeneration, and so on. However, studies and applications of ES cells are hindered by ethical issues regarding cell sources. To circumvent ethical disputes, great efforts have been taken to generate ES cell-like cells, which are not derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos. In 2006, Yamanaka et al. first reprogrammed mouse embryonic fibroblasts into ES cell-like cells called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. About one year later, Yamanaka et al. and Thomson et al. independently reprogrammed human somatic cells into iPS cells. Since the first generation of iPS cells, they have now been derived from quite a few different kinds of cell types. In particular, the use of peripheral blood facilitates research on iPS cells because of safety, easy availability, and plenty of cell sources. Now iPS cells have been used for cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. In this review, we describe the generations, applications, potential issues, and future perspectives of iPS cells.
Association Between GSTM1 Null Genotype and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between polymorphisms of GSTM1 null genotype and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Material/Methods Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were retrieved before March 2014. All studies reporting adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CAD risk were included. Results A total of 13 case-control studies, including 5453 cases and 5068 controls, were collected. There was a significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and CAD risk (adjusted OR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.43; I2=3%). When stratified by ethnicity, a significantly elevated risk was observed in whites. In the subgroup analysis according to disease type, a significantly increased myocardial infarction (MI) risk was observed. Subgroup analysis of smoking status showed an increased CAD risk in smokers. Conclusions Our results indicate that GSTM1 null genotype is associated with an increased CAD risk.
A high frequency low phase-noise signal source generated using a self-oscillating mixer

A 21GHz signal source is obtained from a 4GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using an integrated self-oscillating mixer which, in essence, contains a fixed frequency oscillator (FFO) and a mixer. The phase noise for the up-converted signal is about 5dB worse than for the 4GHz VCO, much less than the expected 14.7dB degradation if a frequency multiplier would be used. The focus of the present work, however, is not on design optimization of the overall signal source performance, but rather to demonstrate how practical the proposed up-conversion method is in generation of low phase noise sources at high frequencies. This is experimentally done by manipulating the phase noise of the FFO using the so called self-injection lock technique.
Hybrid magnetic waveguide and dielectric photonic crystal structure

We theoretically investigate the dispersion and polarization properties of the electromagnetic waves in a multi-layered structure composed of a magneto-optical waveguide on dielectric substrate covered by 1D dielectric photonic crystal. The numerical analysis of such a complex structure shows interesting properties in propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly, polarization filtration of TE- and TM-modes depending on geometrical parameters of waveguide and photonic crystal.
Towards an automated query modification assistant

Users who need several queries before finding what they need can benefit from an automatic search assistant that provides feedback on their query modification strategies. We present a method to learn from a search log which types of query modifications have and have not been effective in the past. The method analyses query modifications along two dimensions: a traditional term-based dimension and a semantic dimension, for which queries are enriches with linked data entities. Applying the method to the search logs of two search engines, we identify six opportunities for a query modification assistant to improve search: modification strategies that are commonly used, but that often do not lead to satisfactory results.
An enhanced acceptance model for exploring user intention towards virtual reality environment: Partial least squares (PLS) statistical method

1 Department and Graduate School of Computer Science, National Pingtung University of Education, No. 4-18, Ming Shen Rd., Pingtung 90003, Taiwan. 2 Global Earth Observation and Data Analysis Center (GEODAC), National Cheng Kung University, No 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 3 Doctoral Program in Management, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, 2 Jhuoyue Rd. Nanzih, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
Estimating 3D Surface Depth Based on Depth-of-Field Image Fusion

Image fusion is a process of combining a set of images of the same scene into one composite image. The main objective of this technique is to obtain an image that is more suitable for visual perception. This composite image has reduced uncertainty and minimal redundancy while the essential information is maximized. In other words, image fusion integrates redundant and complementary information frommultiple images into a composite image but also decreases dimensionality. There aremanymethods discovered and discussed in literature that focus on image fusion. They vary with the aim of application used, but they can be mainly categorized due to algorithms used into pyramid techniques (Burt (1984); Toet (1989)), morphological methods (Ishita et al. (2006); Mukopadhyay & Chanda (2001); Matsopoulos et al. (1994)), discrete wavelet transform (Li et al. (1995); Chibani & Houacine (2003); Lewiset al. (2007)) and neural network fusion (Ajjimarangsee & Huntsberger (1988)). The different classification of image fusion involves pixel, feature and symbolic levels (Goshtasby (2007)). Pixel-level algorithms are low level methods and work either in the spatial or in transform domain. This kind of algorithms work as a local operation despite of transform used and can generate undesirable artifacts. These methods can be enhanced by using multiresolution analysis (Burt (1984)) or by complex wavelet transform (Lewiset al. (2007)). Feature-based methods use segmentation algorithms to divide images into relevant patterns and then combine them to create output image by using various properties (Piella (2003)). High-level methods combine image descriptions, typically, in the form of relational graphs (Wiliams et al. (1999)). In this work we use image fusion algorithm to achieve first of our aims, i.e. to obtain the deepest possible depth-of-field in macro-photography using standard digital camera images. Macro photography is a type of close-up photography. In the classical definition it is described as photography in which the image on film or electronic sensor is at least as large as the subject. Therefore, on 35mm film, the camera has to have the ability to focus on an area at least as small as 24× 36mm, equivalent to the image size on film (magnification 1:1). In other words, macro photography means photographing objects at extreme close-ups with magnification ratios from about 1:1 to about 10:1. There are some primary difficulties in macro photography; one of the most crucial is the problem of insufficient lighting. When using some 5