Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Populations genetically rifting within a complex geological system: The case of strong structure and low genetic diversity in the migratory freshwater catfish, Bagrus docmak, in East Africa

Abstract The complex geological history of East Africa has been a driving factor in the rapid evolution of teleost biodiversity. While there is some understanding of how macroevolutionary drivers have shaped teleost speciation in East Africa, there is a paucity of research into how the same biogeographical factors have affected microevolutionary processes within lakes and rivers. To address this deficiency, population genetic diversity, demography, and structure were investigated in a widely distributed and migratory (potamodromous) African teleost species, Ssemutundu (Bagrus docmak). Samples were acquired from five geographical locations in East Africa within two major drainage basins; the Albertine Rift and Lake Victoria Basin. Individuals (N = 175) were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and 93 individuals sequenced at the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results suggested populations from Lakes Edward and Victoria had undergone a severe historic bottleneck resulting in very low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively) and negatively significant Fu values (−3.769 and −5.049; p < .05). Heterozygosity deficiencies and restricted effective population size (N eLD) suggested contemporary exposure of these populations to stress, consistent with reports of the species decline in the East African Region. High genetic structuring between drainages was detected at both historical (ɸST = 0.62 for mtDNA; p < .001) and contemporary (microsatellite F ST = 0.460; p < .001) levels. Patterns of low genetic diversity and strong population structure revealed are consistent with speciation patterns that have been linked to the complex biogeography of East Africa, suggesting that these biogeographical features have operated as both macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary forces in the formation of the East African teleost fauna.
Single-view 2D/3D registation for X-ray guided bronchoscopy

X-ray guided bronchoscopy is commonly used for targeting peripheral lesions in the lungs which cannot be visualized directly by the bronchoscope. The airways and lesions are normally not visible in X-ray images, and as a result, transbronchial biopsy of peripheral lesions is often carried out blindly, lowering the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy. In response to this problem, we propose to superimpose the lesions and airways segmented from preoperative 3D CT images onto 2D fluoroscopic images. A feature-based 2D/3D registration method is used for image fusion between the two datasets. The algorithm extracts features of the bony structures from both CT and X-ray images to compute the registration. Phantom and clinical studies were carried out to validate the algorithm's performance, showing an accuracy of 3.48±1.38mm. The convergence range and speed of the algorithm were also evaluated to investigate the feasibility of using the algorithm clinically. The results are presented.
Teacher Gender as a Moderator of the On-the-Job Embeddedness–OCB Relationship1

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), a popular outcome measure in traditional work settings, was examined in a school context. On-the-job embeddedness (ONJE)—a component of a recently introduced antecedent of different organizational outcomes—and gender were included in a moderated regression analysis for predicting teacher OCB. ONJE and OCB scales were adapted for the present study and were administered to junior and senior high school teachers in Israel. The findings supported our hypotheses that ONJE predicts OCB and gender moderates this relationship such that high ONJE women scored higher on OCB than did low ONJE women. Men did not show any difference by ONJE level. The need for further research regarding other gendered occupations is discussed.
Control of Euler-Lagrange systems subject to constraints: An Explicit Reference Governor approach

This paper develops an Explicit Reference Governor that provides constraint-handling capabilities to pre-stabilized Euler-Lagrange systems. Using passivity arguments, it is shown that the constraints on the state variables can be translated into constraints on the energy of the closed-loop system. These energy constraints can then be enforced in continuous-time by manipulating the velocity of the applied reference in a suitable manner. The effectiveness of the proposed theory is supported by numerical examples.
What Patients Look for When Choosing a Plastic Surgeon: An Assessment of Patient Preference by Conjoint Analysis

The knowledge of patient preference is crucial for plastic surgeons to determine optimal marketing strategies. Conjoint analysis is a statistical technique whereby research participants make a series of trade-offs. Analysis of these trade-offs reveals the relative importance of component attributes. This study will evaluate the relative importance of attributes that influence the selection and decision-making process when choosing a plastic surgeon. A questionnaire consisting of 18 plastic surgeon profiles was rated by 111 patients. Attributes analyzed were as follows: travel distance, number of years in practice, board certification status, method of referral, office décor, and procedure cost. A traditional full-profile conjoint analysis was performed. Subjects consisted of 10 men and 101 women (n = 111). Median age was 51 years (range, 19–72). The “mean importance” of the attributes are as follows: board certification status, 39.7%; method of referral, 23.5%; distance from home to office, 13.2%; office décor, 9.0%; number of years in practice, 7.5%; and cost of procedure, 7.2%. Internal validity checks showed a high correlation (Pearson ρ = 0.995; P < 0.001). This pilot study demonstrates that conjoint analysis is a very powerful tool for market research in the health care system. The level of importance for each attribute reliably helps plastic surgeons to understand the preferences of their patients, thus being able to improve marketing strategies for private practices and institutions. The present study indicates that the most important attributes were board certification and method of referral.
Increase in Age Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Bilateral Complete Cleft Palate

AbstractThis prospective study aimed at evaluating the surgical outcomes of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in subjects with bilateral cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, by means of cone-beam computed tomography. Twenty-five patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, resulting in 50 clefts, were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the dentition status at the time of surgery: (1) SABG group: subjects with mixed dentition operated on before or immediately after eruption of the permanent canine (10–13 years); (2) TABG group: subjects with permanent dentition (15–23 years). Cone-beam computed tomography analysis was performed in the buccal, intermediate, and palatal views, 2 and 6 to 12 months postoperatively. In the SABG group, 96% of the grafts were classified as successful, and no failure cases were observed. In the TABG group, successful cases decreased to 65%, and failures were seen in 27% of the cleft sites. In both postoperative periods, significantly better outcomes (lower mean scores) were observed for the SABG group in all the cone-beam computed tomography views (P < 0.05). Results show that the timing of surgery is an important factor in determining the outcomes of ABG in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, with increasing age being associated with the worse outcomes.
Adapting realist synthesis methodology: The case of workplace harassment interventions

Realist synthesis techniques can be used to assess complex interventions by extracting and synthesizing configurations of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes found in the literature. Our novel and multi‐pronged approach to the realist synthesis of workplace harassment interventions describes our pursuit of theory to link macro and program level theories. After discovering the limitations of a dogmatic approach to realist synthesis, we adapted our search strategy and focused our analysis on a subset of data. We tailored our realist synthesis to understand how, why, and under what circumstances workplace harassment interventions are effective. The result was a conceptual framework to test our theory‐based interventions and provide the basis for subsequent realist evaluation. Our experience documented in this article contributes to an understanding of how, under what circumstances, and with what consequences realist synthesis principles can be customized.
3D imaging of biofilms on implants by detection of scattered light with a scanning laser optical tomograph

Biofilms – communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces – are a constant threat for long-term success in modern implantology. The application of laser scanning microscopy (LSM) has increased the knowledge about microscopic properties of biofilms, whereas a 3D imaging technique for the large scale visualization of bacterial growth and migration on curved and non-transparent surfaces is not realized so far. Towards this goal, we built a scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) setup detecting scattered laser light to image biofilm on dental implant surfaces. SLOT enables the visualization of living biofilms in 3D by detecting the wavelength-dependent absorption of non-fluorescent stains like e.g. reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) accumulated within metabolically active bacterial cells. Thus, the presented system allows the large scale investigation of vital biofilm structure and in vitro development on cylindrical and non-transparent objects without the need for fluorescent vital staining. We suggest SLOT to be a valuable tool for the structural and volumetric investigation of biofilm formation on implants with sizes up to several millimeters.
Cryptographic Key Agreement for Mobile Radio

Abstract Hassan, A. A. , Stark, W. E. , Hershey, J. E. , and Chennakeshu, S. , Cryptographic Key Agreement for Mobile Radio, Digital Signal Processing 6 (1996), 207–212. The problem of establishing a mutually held secret cryptographic key using a radio channel is addressed. The performance of a particular key distribution system is evaluated for a practical mobile radio communications system. The performance measure taken is probabilistic, and different from the Shannon measure of perfect secrecy. In particular, it is shown that by using a channel decoder, the probability of two users establishing a secret key is close to one, while the probability of an adversary generating the same key is close to zero. The number of possible keys is large enough that exhaustive search is impractical.
Privacy Preserving distributed data mining : A new approaches for Detecting network traffic using Steganography

Data mining technology has emerged as a means for identifying patterns and trends from large quantities of data, Data mining has used a data warehousing model of gathering all data into a central site, then running an algorithm against that data. Privacy considerations may prevent this approach. For example, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) may want to use data mining to identify trends and patterns in disease outbreaks, such as understanding and predicting the progression of a flu epidemic. Insurance companies have considerable data that would be useful – but are unwilling to disclose this due to patient privacy concerns. An alternative is to have each of the insurance companies provide statistics on their data that cannot be traced to individual patients, but can be used to identify the trends and patterns of interest to the CDC. The same problem has arisen in analysis of the Internet(network traffic), Threats to Internet health, such as viruses, worms, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a serious problem. Problems in Internet health would be most easily detected and analyzed if data from many ISPs could be combined. Once again, however, ISPs are reluctant, or unable. In all these applications data is distributed over several sites. This paper Considers the problem of network traffic detection and presents two techniques for Privacy preserving distributed data mining such as Secure summation and Steganograpphy.
Defective glycerol metabolism in aquaporin 9 (AQP9) knockout mice

Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is an aquaglyceroporin membrane channel shown biophysically to conduct water, glycerol, and other small solutes. Because the physiological role/s of AQP9 remain undefined and the expression sites of AQP9 remain incomplete and conflicting, we generated AQP9 knockout mice. In the absence of physiological stress, knockout mice did not display any visible behavioral or severe physical abnormalities. Immunohistochemical analyses using multiple antibodies revealed AQP9 specific labeling in hepatocytes, epididymis, vas deferens, and in epidermis of wild type mice, but a complete absence of labeling in AQP9−/− mice. In brain, no detectable labeling was observed. Compared with control mice, plasma levels of glycerol and triglycerides were markedly increased in AQP9−/− mice, whereas glucose, urea, free fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were not significantly different. Oral administration of glycerol to fasted mice resulted in an acute rise in blood glucose levels in both AQP9−/− and AQP9+/− mice, revealing no defect in utilization of exogenous glycerol as a gluconeogenic substrate and indicating a high gluconeogenic capacity in nonhepatic organs. Obese Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9−/− and obese Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9+/− mice showed similar body weight, whereas the glycerol levels in obese Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9−/− mice were dramatically increased. Consistent with a role of AQP9 in hepatic uptake of glycerol, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9−/− mice compared with Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9+/− in response to 3 h of fasting. Thus, AQP9 is important for hepatic glycerol metabolism and may play a role in glycerol and glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus.
Online multicast routing with bandwidth guarantees: a new approach using multicast network flow

This paper presents a new algorithm for online routing of bandwidth-guaranteed multicasts where routing requests arrive one by one without there being any a priori knowledge of future requests. A multicast routing request consists of a source s, a set of receivers R, and a bandwidth requirement b. This multicast routing problem arises in many contexts. Two applications of interest are routing of point-to-multipoint label-switched paths in multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks, and the provision of bandwidth-guaranteed virtual private network (VPN) services under the "hose" service model [18]. Offline multicast routing algorithms cannot be used since they require a priori knowledge of all multicast requests that are to be routed. Instead, online algorithms that handle requests arriving one by one and that satisfy as many potential future demands as possible are needed. The newly developed algorithm is an online algorithm and is based on the idea that a newly routed multicast must follow a route that does not interfere too much with network paths that may be critical to satisfy future demands. We develop a multicast tree selection heuristic that is based on the idea of deferred loading of certain critical links. These critical links are identified by the algorithm as links that, if heavily loaded, would make it impossible to satisfy future demands between certain ingress-egress pairs. The presented algorithm uses link-state information and some auxiliary capacity information for multicast tree selection and is amenable to distributed implementation. Unlike previous algorithms, the proposed algorithm exploits any available knowledge of the network ingress-egress points of potential future demands, even though the demands themselves are unknown, and performs very well.
Automation of Algorithmic Tasks for Virtual Laboratories Based on Automata Theory

In the work a description of an automata model of standard algorithm for constructing a correct solution of algorithmic tests is given. The described model allows a formal determination of the variant complexity of algorithmic test and serves as a basis for determining the complexity functions, including the collision concept – the situation of uncertainty, when a choice must be made upon fulfilling the task between the alternatives with various priorities. The influence of collisions on the automata model and its inner structure is described. The model and complexity functions are applied for virtual laboratories upon designing the algorithms of constructing variant with a predetermined complexity in real time and algorithms of the estimation procedures of students’ solution with respect to collisions. The results of the work are applied to the development of virtual laboratories, which are used in the practical part of massive online course on graph theory.
EXIT-Optimized Index Assignments for Turbo Decoders with Unreliable LLR Transfer

This letter considers a Turbo decoder for which the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) exchanged between constituent decoders are subject to independent bit errors. The resilience of the decoder against these errors can be improved - without increasing decoding complexity - by optimizing the index assignment (IA) of the LLRs with respect to the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) characteristic of the decoder. To enable an effective optimization of the IA we propose an approximation of the mutual information of the extrinsic decoder output that can be computed efficiently without histogram measurements. Numerical results in terms of bit error rates are reported for different scenarios to validate the proposed approach.
Avaliação das necessidades de fala e linguagem em sujeitos pós AVC : instrumento clínico baseado na CIF

Nas ultimas decadas tem-se observado grandes mudancas em relacao ao cuidado e as necessidades das pessoas com determinadas condicoes de saude, tais como as doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (DCNT), sendo que as politicas publicas de saude incluem como aspectos essenciais, questoes de atividade, participacao e fatores contextuais como preconiza a Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS). A partir desse ponto de vista, a Classificacao Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saude ? CIF, proposto pela OMS, envolvendo diversos paises, surge para abarcar tais questoes e auxiliar os profissionais de Saude na realizacao de uma avaliacao diferenciada, na definicao de metas, no gerenciamento da intervencao e na medida de resultados. Desta forma, este estudo volta-se ao cuidado de pessoas com DCNT, mais especificamente, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), nos aspectos de fala e linguagem, no âmbito da fonoaudiologia. Trata-se de estudo metodologico, com objetivo de propor um instrumento auxiliar para aplicacao da CIF nos dominios de fala e linguagem de acordo com as etapas a seguir: a) Selecao dos dominios da CIF relacionados a fala e a linguagem b) Elaboracao das perguntas auxiliares para cada dominio selecionado e dos criterios de qualificacao, segundo a CIF c) Avaliacao das perguntas auxiliares para validade de conteudo d) Desenvolvimento das instrucoes de aplicacao e) Aplicacao de teste piloto e f) Estimativa da confiabilidade entre observadores. Como resultado obteve-se um instrumento com 35 perguntas para auxiliar na aplicacao de 30 dominios da CIF relacionados a fala e a linguagem, de forma mais pratica e de facil entendimento e aplicacao. A validade de conteudo e confiabilidade entre observadores sao otimas demostrando que o instrumento proposto e capaz de auxiliar na avaliacao de funcionalidade e participacao nos dominios relacionados a fala e linguagem. Espera-se, deste modo, contribuir para a expansao da utilizacao da CIF nos casos pos-AVC, no âmbito da clinica fonoaudiologica. Abstract
A Triple Wing Harmonium Model for Movie Recommendation

A new triple wing harmonium (TWH) model that integrates text metadata into a low-dimensional semantic space is proposed for the application of content-based movie recommendation. The text metadata considered here include movie synopsis, actor list, and user comments. We develop a new TWH model projecting these multiple textual features into low-dimensional latent topics with different probability distribution assumptions. A contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm is used for efficient learning and inference. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms for movie recommendation.
Non‐averaged human brain potentials in somatic attention: the short‐latency cognition‐related P40 component.

1. Non‐averaged scalp‐recorded brain potentials were studied in humans during selective attention to randomly intermixed series of stimuli to fingers. Physiological tests were use for validating the presence or absence of the short‐latency cognition‐related P40 electrogeneses in parietal cortex in the response to a single‐target stimulus (P40 signifies a positive polarity of about 40 ms peak latency). 2. To minimize interference from the electroencephalogram and noise we mapped single brain responses over the scalp and identified P40 topographies by an updated form of the numerical estimator Z for assessment of recorded potentials over time. We found that Z should exceed 0.96 for at least 15 ms for validation of the topographical congruity between the single P40 and an averaged P40 template. 3. Individual responses to 145 target finger stimuli correctly identified by the subject were analysed. P40 occurred only intermittently (34.5%) in a series of targets, but its voltage was unexpectedly large, exceeding the P40 voltage in averaged responses by a factor of about 10. 4. The usual assumption in the averaging method that the single brain responses combined in the average are stable but merely contaminated by unrelated noise was shown to be false for the cognition‐related P40, which was considerably underestimated because of its intermittency in the averaged single trials. 5. The reaction time of the subject was on average 19% shorter in the trials in which a P40 was present, thus suggesting that P40 can influence subsequent perceptual processing by the brain in the same trial. 6. The feasibility of identifying specific cognition‐related electrogeneses in single brain responses opens up the study of momentary shifts in brain processing strategies thereby allowing the neurophysiology of cognition to be based in real time.
Visual Control of a Robot Head

these points must not be coplanar. We report in this article a real time algorithm TIM that can track and estimate hand gesture, providing reliably 5 degrees of freedom from a single camera for controlling of a robot head. The advantages of this algorithm are: it does not require camera calibration and the syetem will operate under any configuration; secondly it converges fast and reliably which means special hardware, such as a powerful parallel platform, may be dispensed with. Kalman filter is used to track feature points on the finger tips.