Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paralysis from Sport and Diving Accidents

ObjectiveTo examine the causes of sport-related spinal cord injuries that developed into paraplegia or tetraplegia, and to compare data from different sports with previous studies in the same geographical region. DesignA retrospective epidemiological study and comparison with previous studies. SettingThe Orthopedic Department, specializing in the treatment and rehabilitation of paralyzed patients, at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. ParticipantsBetween 1985 and 1997, 1,016 cases of traumatic spinal cord injury presented at the Orthopedic Department at the University of Heidelberg: 6.8% were caused by sport and 7.7% by diving accidents. Main Outcome MeasuresSport-related spinal cord injuries with paralysis. ResultsA total of 1,016 cases of traumatic spinal cord injury were reviewed. Of these, 14.5% were caused by sport accidents (n = 69) or diving accidents (n = 78). Age of patients ranged from 9 to 52 years. 83% were male. 77% of the patients developed tetraplegia, and 23%, paraplegia. 16 of the sport accidents resulted from downhill skiing, 9 resulted from horseback riding, 7 from modern air sports, 6 from gymnastics, 5 from trampolining, and 26 from other sports. Previous analyses had revealed that paraplegia had mainly occurred from gymnastics, trampolining, or high diving accidents. More recently, however, the number of serious spinal injuries caused by risk-filled sports such as hang gliding and paragliding has significantly increased (p = 0.095), as it has for horseback riding and skiing. Examinations have shown that all patients who were involved in diving accidents developed tetraplegia. An analysis of injury from specific sports is still under way. ConclusionsAnalysis of accidents resulting in damage to the spinal cord in respect to different sports shows that sports that have become popular during the last 10 years show an increasing risk of injury. Modern air sports hold the most injuries. Injury-preventing strategies also are presented.
Kinematic analysis of selected reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test compared with the Y-Balance Test.

CONTEXT The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Y-Balance Test (YBT) have 3 common reach directions: anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). Previous research has indicated that reach-distance performance on the ANT reach direction of the SEBT differs from that on the YBT. Kinematic patterns associated with the ANT reach direction of the SEBT and YBT need to be investigated to fully understand this difference, along with the PM and PL reach directions, to deduce any kinematic discrepancies between the 2 balance tests. OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast the kinematic patterns associated with test performance on the reach directions common to the SEBT and YBT. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 15 healthy male (age 23.33 ± 2.02 y, height 1.77 ± 0.04 m, body mass 80.00 ± 9.03 kg) and 14 healthy female (age 21.14 ± 1.66 y, height 1.63 ± 0.06 m, body mass 59.58 ± 7.61 kg) volunteers. INTERVENTION Each participant performed 3 trials of the ANT, PM, and PL reach directions of the SEBT and YBT on their dominant leg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sagittal-plane lower-limb kinematic profiles were recorded using a 3-D motion-analysis system. Reach distances were also recorded for each reach direction. RESULTS A significant main effect (P < .05) was observed for test condition with participants reaching farther on the ANT reach direction of the SEBT compared with the YBT. While reaching in the ANT direction participants were characterized by a more flexed position of the hip joint at the point of maximum reach on the YBT (27.94° ± 13.84°) compared with the SEBT (20.37° ± 18.64°). CONCLUSIONS Based on these observed results, the authors conclude that test performance on the SEBT and YBT differ in terms of dynamic neuro-muscular demands, as evidenced by differences in reach distances achieved in the ANT reach direction and associated test kinematic profile.
Immunomodulatory factors and infectious agents associated with the hepatic gene expression of the IGF system in nursery pigs.

Recent findings suggest there is a complex interaction between the IGF system and the inflammatory immune response. The objective of this study was to determine whether gene expression of growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and growth hormone receptors (GHR)) in the liver is associated with gene expression of immunomodulators in the liver, including C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18, as well as with the presence of Salmonella spp. , Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp. , enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, swine influenza virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in nursery pigs (n=74) from commercial farms (n=4). Gene expression was quantified using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) and the data were modelled using logistic regression methods. Pigs with elevated IGF-1 expression were less likely to have increased expression of TNF-α (odds ratio (OR)=0.14, P<0.01) and IL-18 (OR=0.19, P<0.05), and less likely to be colonized with PRRSV (OR=0.03, P<0.01). Pigs with increased expression of IGFBP-3 were more likely to have elevated IL-6 expression (OR=8.5, P<0.05). It was also observed that IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 were significantly associated when Hp expression was low (OR=30, P<0.05), but this association was not significant when Hp expression was high (P=0.54). Pigs with increased expression of GHR were less likely to have elevated expression of SAA (OR=0.01, P<0.05) and IL-1β (OR=0.03, P<0.05), but more likely to have increased expression of CRP (OR=290, P<0.01). Overall, there appears to be an inverse association between the hepatic expression of the IGF system (IGF-1, IGFBP-3, GHR) and certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α) and acute-phase proteins (SAA, Hp).
Successful management of aggressive periodontitis by regenerative therapy: a 3-year follow-up case report.

BACKGROUND This case report presents a new treatment for localized aggressive periodontitis using surgery (papilla preservation technique [PPT]) combined with enamel matrix proteins and bioactive glass. METHODS Eight intrabony defects in a 19-year-old woman with localized aggressive periodontitis were treated by PPT and the application of enamel matrix proteins or enamel matrix proteins in combination with bioactive glass. Probing depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months, and 2 and 3 years after treatment. The primary outcome variable was CAL. RESULTS After 3 years, the sites treated with enamel matrix proteins demonstrated a mean CAL change from 8.3 +/- 3.2 mm to 4.0 +/- 3.6 mm (P < 0.39), and the sites treated with enamel matrix proteins combined with bioactive glass showed a mean CAL change from 8.6 +/- 2.4 mm to 3.7 +/- 0.8 mm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the present case of aggressive periodontitis, application of enamel matrix proteins with or without the addition of bioactive glass resulted in the successful treatment of intrabony defects.
Effect of Intervention to Improve Breastfeeding Technique on the Frequency of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Lactation-Related Problems

This randomized clinical trial compared frequencies of exclusive breastfeeding and lactationrelated problems during the first 30 days among 74 mothers who received a 30-minute counseling session on breastfeeding technique in the maternity ward, and 137 controls. The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who had received intervention was similar to controls by 7 days (79.7% vs 82.5%, respectively) and 30 days (60.8% vs 53.3%). There was no difference between groups in the frequency of sore nipples at 7 and 30 days, in breast engorgement and mastitis, and in the quality of breastfeeding technique at 30 days. Therefore, a single intervention at maternity was not sufficient to improve breastfeeding technique, increase exclusive breastfeeding rates, and reduce the incidence of breastfeeding problems during the first month.
Dual Control of Sinorhizobium meliloti RpoE2 Sigma Factor Activity by Two PhyR-Type Two-Component Response Regulators

ABSTRACT RpoE2 is an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor involved in the general stress response of Sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the legume plant alfalfa. RpoE2 orthologues are widely found among alphaproteobacteria, where they play various roles in stress resistance and/or host colonization. In this paper, we report a genetic and biochemical investigation of the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to S. meliloti RpoE2 activation in response to stress. We showed that RpoE2 activity is negatively controlled by two paralogous anti-sigma factors, RsiA1 (SMc01505) and RsiA2 (SMc04884), and that RpoE2 activation by stress requires two redundant paralogous PhyR-type response regulators, RsiB1 (SMc01504) and RsiB2 (SMc00794). RsiB1 and RsiB2 do not act at the level of rpoE2 transcription but instead interact with the anti-sigma factors, and we therefore propose that they act as anti-anti-sigma factors to relieve RpoE2 inhibition in response to stress. This model closely resembles a recently proposed model of activation of RpoE2-like sigma factors in Methylobacterium extorquens and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, but the existence of two pairs of anti- and anti-anti-sigma factors in S. meliloti adds an unexpected level of complexity, which may allow the regulatory system to integrate multiple stimuli.
The Covering Path Problem on a Grid

This paper introduces the covering path problem on a grid (CPPG) which finds the cost-minimizing path connecting a subset of points in a grid such that each point that needs to be covered is within a predetermined distance of a point from the chosen subset. We leverage the geometric properties of the grid graph which captures the road network structure in many transportation problems, including our motivating setting of school bus routing. As defined in this paper, the CPPG is a bi-objective optimization problem comprised of one cost term related to path length and one cost term related to stop count. We develop a trade-off constraint which quantifies the trade-off between path length and stop count and provides a lower bound for the bi-objective optimization problem. We introduce simple construction techniques to provide feasible paths that match the lower bound within a constant factor. Importantly, this solution approach uses transformations of the general CPPG to either a discrete CPPG or continuous CPPG based on the value of the coverage radius. For both the discrete and continuous versions, we provide fast constant-factor approximations, thus solving the general CPPG.
The relationship between burnout symptoms and Type D personality among health care professionals in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and Type D personality in health care professionals. The study randomly included 120 health care professionals (73 nurses, 47 doctors). Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Type D Personality Scale were applied to each participant; 38.3% of the health care professionals (n = 46) had the Type D personality. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of health care professionals with Type D personality were higher than of those without Type D personality (p = .006 and p = .005). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that Type D personality was a predictor of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p = .005 and p = .001, respectively). Our results suggest that Type D personality is associated with higher burnout levels.
A Comparison of Presence Only Suitability Models to Accurately Identify Prehistoric Agricultural Fields in Western New Mexico Through Remote Sensing

This project aims to provide greater understanding of the agricultural practices of prehistoric cultures throughout the arid and semi-arid environments of western New Mexico by developing a remote sensing suitability model that will identify prime environments for a specific form of agricultural field, ak chin, that are often difficult to locate with standard field-based archaeological methods. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems methods were applied to develop suitability models that will identify ideal environments for ak chin style agricultural fields based on a small training data sample. Three models: Mahalanobis Technicality, Maximum Entropy (Maxent), and Multi-Criteria Evaluation Ordered Weighted Average (MCE OWA) were used and the suitability raster results were compared. Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were calculated and used to validate model results. Although archaeological fieldwork is a required follow up to these results, technological verification methods indicate that Mahalanobis Typicality and Maxent performed well in identifying potential new prehistoric agricultural fields.
Adaptive Dly-ACK for TCP over 802.15.3 WPAN

The Dly-ACK scheme in IEEE 802.15. 3 is designed to reduce the overhead of the ACK and improve the channel utilization. However, the way to use the Dly-ACK is open for implementation. In this paper, we first investigate the problems of applying the fixed Dly-ACK scheme to the TCP stream and show that the TCP performance is rather poor. Then, we propose two enhancement mechanisms for TCP with Dly-ACK over the 802.15. 3 system. The first one is to request the Dly-ACK frame adaptively or change the burst size of Dly-ACK according to the queue size. The second is a retransmission counter to enable the destination DEV to deliver the packets to the upper layer timeously and in orderly fashion. Simulation results show that, with our enhancements, the TCP throughput can be improved more than 40% compared with the conventional Imm-ACK. We also investigate the impacts of some important system parameters such as the buffer size on the TCP performance. Some guidelines for the Dly-ACK design are given. Finally, it is worth pointing out that our enhancements are compatible with the standard.
A T cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice inducible by concanavalin A.

Male NMRI or BALB/c mice developed severe liver injury as assessed by transaminase release within 8 h when an intravenous dose greater than 1.5 mg/kg concanavalin A (Con A) was given. Histopathologically, only the liver was affected. Electron micrographs revealed leukocyte sticking to endothelial cells and bleb formation of hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity of the lectin correlated neither with its agglutination activity nor with its sugar specificity. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone or 50 mg/kg cyclosporine A or 50 mg/kg FK 506 (Fujimycin) resulted in protection of the animals whereas indomethacin pretreatment failed to protect. Con A hepatitis was accompanied by the release of IL-2 into the serum of the animals. Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome lacking B as well as T lymphocytes were resistant against Con A. Athymic nude mice with immature T lymphocytes were also resistant. Pretreatment of mice with an antibody against T lymphocytes fully protected against Con A as did monoclonal anti-mouse CD4. Monoclonal anti-mouse CD8 failed to protect. Pretreatment of mice with silica particles, i.e., deletion of macrophages, prevented the induction of hepatitis. These findings provide evidence that Con A-induced liver injury depends on the activation of T lymphocytes by macrophages in the presence of Con A. The model might allow the study of the pathophysiology of immunologically mediated hepatic disorders such as autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
CFD Simulation of Surge Wave Generated by Flow-Like Landslides

 Abstract — The damage caused by surge waves generated in water bodies by flow-like landslides can be very high in terms of human lives and economic losses. The complicated phenomena occurred in this highly unsteady process are difficult to model because three interacting phases: air, water and sediment are involved. The problem therefore is challenging since the effects of non-Newtonian fluid describing the rheology of the flow-like landslides, multi-phase flow and free surface have to be included in the simulation. In this work, the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT is used to model the surge waves due to flow-like landslides. The comparison between the numerical results and experimental data reported in the literature confirms the accuracy of the method.
Self-Organizing Data Clustering: A Novel Stochastic Generalized Cellular Automata

A random generalized cellular automata (GCA) for self-organizing data clustering is proposed. Using GCA, we transform the data clustering into a stochastic process over the configuration space of cellular states on a GCA array. The proposed approach has many advantages in terms of the self-organizing clustering, insensitivity to noise, quality robustness to clustered data, suitability for high-dimensional and massive data sets, learning ability, and the easier hardware implementation with the VLSI systolic technology. The simulations and comparisons have shown the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed GCA approach to data clustering
Family support in late life: A review of the literature on aging, disability, and family caregiving

ABSTRACT For older adults and people with disabilities in the United States, family caregiving is an important part of remaining at home and in the community. As care recipients and caregivers age, family dynamics change, and the health, social, and financial impacts of this (largely unremunerated) work have implications for individuals, families, and social policy. In this review, the authors map the literature across multiple fields related to disability and aging to understand caregiving in late life, what it means to be an older caregiver and/or to care for older people. The authors summarize the findings of 97 articles to address the care, services, and supports family caregivers provide for older adults; negative and positive impacts for caregivers serving in this role; supports that family members use or need; and societal impact of family caregiving. Much of the literature describes the work family caregivers provide and negative impacts of caregiving. Less attention is devoted to caregiving benefits, supports used by family caregivers, and societal impacts. The authors conclude with an agenda for future research that attends to the need for research that includes: more diverse samples, new types of caregivers, longitudinal data, qualitative data and analysis, and comparative research.
The Development of a Sexual Abuse Severity Score

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is common and is associated with both mental and physical health problems in adulthood. Using data from an age- and sex-stratified population survey of 600 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents, a Sexual Abuse Severity Score was developed. The abuse characteristics of 156 CSA respondents were associated with self-reported trauma, somatization, and alcohol use. Characteristics included age of first sexual abuse, more than one perpetrator, degree of coercion, severity of abuse (i.e., attempted intercourse is more severe than fondling), and the number of occurrences. This is one of the few reports to develop a risk summary that quantifies the severity of CSA.
FvtA Is the Receptor for the Siderophore Vanchrobactin in Vibrio anguillarum: Utility as a Route of Entry for Vanchrobactin Analogues

ABSTRACT Some strains of Vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis in a variety of marine animals, produce a catechol-type siderophore named vanchrobactin. The biosynthetic pathway and regulation of vanchrobactin are quite well understood. However, aspects concerning its entry into the cell have remained uncharacterized. In the present study we characterized two genes, fvtA and orf13, encoding potential TonB-dependent ferric-vanchrobactin receptors in serotype O2 V. anguillarum strain RV22. We found that an fvtA mutant was defective for growth under iron limitation conditions and for utilization of vanchrobactin, suggesting that fvtA encodes the vanchrobactin receptor of V. anguillarum. Interestingly, an orf13 mutant was not significantly affected, and results of reverse transcriptase PCR, as well as analysis of outer membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggested that this gene is not expressed. Furthermore, fatA, a plasmid gene coding for the anguibactin receptor in plasmid pJM1-harboring strains, is also present in the chromosome of RV22, although it is inactivated by insertion of transposases. In addition, we found that FvtA is the route of entry for vanchrobactin analogues, and there is evidence that it recognizes primarily the catechol-iron center. These analogues are potential candidate vectors for a Trojan horse strategy aimed at generating antimicrobial compounds exploiting the same route of entry for native siderophores. We found that fvtA and vanchrobactin biosynthesis genes are ubiquitous in both vanchrobactin- and anguibactin-producing V. anguillarum strains, which reinforces the utility of the vanchrobactin route of entry for the design of future strategies for the control of vibriosis.
Intermatch Variation of Match Activity in Elite Italian Soccer Referees

The aim of this study was to examine how match activities, specifically high-intensity activity (HIA; activities performed at speeds faster than 18.1 km·h 21), vary among matches in elite soccer referees, because variations in match performance can potentially guide physical conditioning regimens for these referees. Fourteen Italian soccer referees were observed during 65 first-division matches a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 times each. For comparison, shorter matches (SM) and longer matches (LM) for each referee were identified. Mean (6SD) SM and LM total distances were 10,949 6 1,095 m and 12,303 6 666 m (p < 0.001), respectively. SM and LM were not different in term of duration (p > 0.05). During LM, referees spent 44% less time standing still (p < 0.01) and covered 10% more distance at low intensity than they did in SM (p < 0.05). No HIA variation was observed between SM and LM (p > 0.05). For the elite referee, work rate is increased without affecting HIA.