Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Antagonism between Phytochromes and PIF Family Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Induces Selective Reciprocal Responses to Light and Shade in a Rapidly Responsive Transcriptional Network in Arabidopsis[C][W]

Genome-wide expression profiling identifies core elements of a transcriptional network that is regulated rapidly and reciprocally by light and vegetational shade signals, via a phytochrome transcription factor transduction interface. This signaling hub functions continuously to control early seedling and juvenile plant growth and development in response to the prevailing light environment. Plants respond to shade-modulated light signals via phytochrome (phy)-induced adaptive changes, termed shade avoidance. To examine the roles of Phytochrome-Interacting basic helix-loop-helix Factors, PIF1, 3, 4, and 5, in relaying such signals to the transcriptional network, we compared the shade-responsive transcriptome profiles of wild-type and quadruple pif (pifq) mutants. We identify a subset of genes, enriched in transcription factor–encoding loci, that respond rapidly to shade, in a PIF-dependent manner, and contain promoter G-box motifs, known to bind PIFs. These genes are potential direct targets of phy-PIF signaling that regulate the primary downstream transcriptional circuitry. A second subset of PIF-dependent, early response genes, lacking G-box motifs, are enriched for auxin-responsive loci, and are thus potentially indirect targets of phy-PIF signaling, mediating the rapid cell expansion induced by shade. Comparing deetiolation- and shade-responsive transcriptomes identifies another subset of G-box–containing genes that reciprocally display rapid repression and induction in response to light and shade signals. These data define a core set of transcriptional and hormonal processes that appear to be dynamically poised to react rapidly to light-environment changes via perturbations in the mutually antagonistic actions of the phys and PIFs. Comparing the responsiveness of the pifq and triple pif mutants to light and shade confirms that the PIFs act with overlapping redundancy on seedling morphogenesis and transcriptional regulation but that each PIF contributes differentially to these responses.
The effect of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) on free radical formation in transient focal ischaemia measured by microdialysis and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate formation.

alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct size, improves recovery of brain energy metabolism and delays the secondary increase in extracellular potassium after focal ischaemia, presumably by trapping OH radicals. We investigated the effect of PBN on the formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) as a measure of OH radical formation, during and following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats, subjected to 2 h of ischaemia followed by 3 h of recirculation, were injected with either vehicle or PBN (100 mg kg-1 i.p.) prior to MCAO or immediately after recirculation, respectively. The in vivo microdialysis technique was used to collect samples for analysis of 3,4-DHBA by HPLC. The basal levels of 3,4-DHBA were 56-77 nmol L-1 in the four groups. During ischaemia, the formation of 3,4-DHBA decreased by about 50% in all groups. Upon recirculation, a 3-fold rise in 3,4-DHBA formation was seen. At 2 h of recirculation the mean value of 3,4-DHBA in the pretreated, vehicle-injected animals was 125 +/- 18 nmol L-1 and in the PBN-injected 145 +/- 48 nmol L-1, respectively. When the animals were treated after MCAO either with vehicle or PBN the values at 2 h recirculation were 155 +/- 148 and 189 +/- 145 nmol L-1, respectively. No statistically significant difference between vehicle- and PBN-injected groups was seen. We conclude that during reperfusion following MCAO, hydroxyl radical formation increases. The increase is not ameliorated by PBN which suggests that PBN does not protect the brain by a general scavenging of OH radicals, although tissue specific actions cannot be excluded.
Distributed Microarchitectural Protocols in the TRIPS Prototype Processor

Growing on-chip wire delays will cause many future microarchitectures to be distributed, in which hardware resources within a single processor become nodes on one or more switched micronetworks. Since large processor cores will require multiple clock cycles to traverse, control must be distributed, not centralized. This paper describes the control protocols in the TRIPS processor, a distributed, tiled microarchitecture that supports dynamic execution. It details each of the five types of reused tiles that compose the processor, the control and data networks that connect them, and the distributed microarchitectural protocols that implement instruction fetch, execution, flush, and commit. We also describe the physical design issues that arose when implementing the microarchitecture in a 170M transistor, 130nm ASIC prototype chip composed of two 16-wide issue distributed processor cores and a distributed 1MB non-uniform (NUCA) on-chip memory system
A Precoder Design for Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relay Systems with Linear Receivers

In this paper, we propose a 2×2 relay precoder design for two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay systems. By exploring the asymptotic behavior of the sum of mean-squared errors (sum-MSE) of the received signals at the two source nodes, we find that it is dominated by the smallest singular values (or the smallest eigenvalues) of the effective MIMO channels of the corresponding relay system. This implies that the sum-MSE performance strongly depends on the sum of the condition numbers of the effective MIMO channels, where the condition number of a MIMO channel is defined as the ratio of the largest to the smallest singular value. With this observation, unlike the conventional precoder designs that are obtained in an iterative manner based on minimizing the sum-MSE, the proposed design is derived by using the Gram-Schmidt process based on minimizing the sum of the condition numbers of the effective MIMO channels. Compared to conventional iterative methods, the proposed approach achieves close performance with much lower computational complexity for both perfect and imperfect channel estimations.
Every child matters: Can educational psychology contribute to radical reform?

This is a time of radical change for all services working with children in the UK. For educational psychologists recent publications outlining government strategy have created an urgent need to consider future directions that go well beyond those discussed in the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE, 2000) report on educational psychology services. In this paper we suggest that decisions about strategic direction and developments in practice should be based on a shared set of values focused clearly on the rights of children and young people. In particular, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations, 1989) could provide the framework for a compact between the profession and children. This will require an evaluative focus within educational contexts that goes beyond school satisfaction surveys. Both schools and support professionals will need to demonstrate the achievement of improved outcomes for pupils. Difficult questions about the value added by educational psychologist involvement can no longer be evaded.
From shared to distinct self–other representations in empathy: evidence from neurotypical function and socio-cognitive disorders

Neuroscientific research has identified two fundamental components of empathy: shared emotional representations between self and other, and self–other distinction. The concept of shared representations suggests that during empathy, we co-represent another person's affect by engaging brain and bodily functions underpinning the first-hand experience of the emotion we are empathizing with. This possible grounding of empathy in our own emotional experiences explains the necessity for self–other distinction, which is the capacity to correctly distinguish between our own affective representations and those related to the other. In spite of the importance of these two components in empathy, several aspects still remain controversial. This paper addresses some of them and focuses on (i) the distinction between shared activations versus representations, raising the question what shared representations entail in terms of the underlying neural mechanisms, (ii) the possible mechanisms behind self–other distinction in the cognitive and the affective domains, and whether they have distinct neural underpinnings and (iii) the consequences associated with a selective impairment of one of the two components, thereby addressing their importance in mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, psychopathy and alexithymia.
A robust structure-adaptive hybrid vector filter for color image restoration

A robust structure-adaptive hybrid vector filter is proposed for digital color image restoration in this paper. At each pixel location, the image vector (i.e., pixel) is first classified into several different signal activity categories by applying a modified quadtree decomposition to luminance component (image) of the input color image. A weight-adaptive vector filtering operation with an optimal window is then activated to achieve the best tradeoff between noise suppression and detail preservation. Through extensive simulation experiments conducted using a wide range of test color images, the filter has demonstrated superior performance to that of a number of well known benchmark techniques, in terms of both standard objective measurements and perceived image quality, in suppressing several distinct types of noise commonly considered in color image restoration, including Gaussian noise, impulse noise, and mixed noise.
Mobile 3D graphics compression for progressive transmission over wireless network

With the evolution of mobile communication networks, three-dimensional graphics applications and services are fast developing fields in mobile graphics and wireless networks. While the data size of 3D meshes is increasing, the available bandwidth of wireless networks and the weak resources of mobile devices have become relatively limited. The transmission of graphics multimedia over wireless networks is a bottleneck problem. In this paper, a novel mobile 3D graphics compression approach for progressive transmission over wireless networks is presented. By improving the progressive coding framework using reverse Butterfly Scheme, a new progressive mesh coding algorithm based on the reverse Modified Loop scheme is proposed. The dense triangle mesh is decomposed into the progressive mesh which consists of a base mesh and a series of displacement values. Then the progressive mesh is compressed by the embedded zerotree mesh coding. The proposed approach allows the data of 3D mesh to be transmitted over wireless network using TCP and UDP protocols respectively. It speeds up 3D graphics browsing on mobile devices as well as optimizes the data size of 3D mesh for progressive transmission.
Towards a two-body neuroscience

Recent work from our interdisciplinary research group has revealed the emergence of inter-brain synchronization across multiple frequency bands during social interaction.1 Our findings result from the close collaboration between experts who study neural dynamics and developmental psychology. The initial aim of the collaboration was to combine knowledge from these two fields in order to move from a classical one-brain neuroscience towards a novel two-body approach. A new technique called hyperscanning has made it possible to study the neural activity of two individuals simultaneously. However, this advanced methodology was not sufficient in itself. What remained to be found was a way to promote real-time reciprocal social interaction between two individuals during brain recording and analyze the neural and behavioral phenomenon from an inter-individual perspective. Approaches used in infancy research to study nonverbal communication and coordination, between a mother and her child for example, have so far been poorly applied to neuroimaging experiments. We thus adapted an ecological two-body experiment inspired by the use of spontaneous imitation in preverbal infants. Numerous methodological and theoretical problems had to be overcome, ranging from the choice of a common time-unit for behavioral and brain recordings to the creation of algorithms for data processing between distant brain regions in different brains. This article will discuss the underlying issues and perspectives involved in elucidating the pathway from individual to social theories of cognition.
The BubbleWrap many-core: Popping cores for sequential acceleration

Many-core scaling now faces a power wall. The gap between the number of cores that fit on a die and the number that can operate simultaneously under the power budget is rapidly increasing with technology scaling. In future designs, many of the cores may have to be dormant at any given time to meet the power budget. To push back the many-core power wall, this paper proposes Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Aging Management (DVSAM) - a new scheme for managing processor aging to attain higher performance or lower power consumption. In addition, this paper introduces the BubbleWrap many-core, a novel architecture that makes extensive use of DVSAM. BubbleWrap identifies the most power-efficient set of cores in a variation-affected chip-the largest set that can be simultaneously powered-on - and designates them as Throughput cores dedicated to parallel-section execution. The rest of the cores are designated as Expendable and are dedicated to accelerating sequential sections. BubbleWrap attains maximum sequential acceleration by sacrificing Expendable cores one at a time, running them at elevated supply voltage for a significantly shorter service life each, until they completely wear-out and are discarded - figuratively, as if popping bubbles in bubble wrap that protects Throughput cores. In simulated 32-core chips, BubbleWrap provides substantial improvements over a plain chip. For example, on average, one design runs fully-sequential applications at a 16% higher frequency, and fully-parallel ones with a 30% higher throughput.
On Projection MatricesP

Projection matrices from projective spaces P to P have long been used in multiple-view geometry to model the perspective projection created by the pin-hole camera. In this work we introduce higher-dimensional mappings P ! P, k = 3; 4; 5; 6 for the representation of various applications in which the world we view is no longer rigid. We also describe the multi-view constraints from these new projection matrices (wherek > 3) and methods for extracting the (non-rigid) structure and motion for each application.
Children's categorization and evaluation of different types of lies and truths

This study investigated the ability of children from three age groups (4, 8, and 11 years of age; N = 72) to categorize three different types of intentionally false and true statements as lies and truths, and also measured their evaluation of such statements. Results revealed that the older children were more likely to categorize false statements as lies and true statements as truths than were the 4-year-olds. All children evaluated telling lies as worse than telling truths. Antisocial lies were rated as the most serious lie type and “white lies” as the least serious. Anticipated regulatory control was more advanced for the 8- and 11-year-olds, who expected both self-approval for truth-telling and self-disapproval for lying for two of the three truth and lie types; the younger children did not anticipate greater self-approval for truth-telling and self-disapproval for lying for any of the truth and lie types.
Thymoquinone Efficiently Inhibits the Survival of EBV-Infected B Cells and Alters EBV Gene Expression

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human virus with oncogenic potentials that is implicated in various human diseases and malignancies. In this study, the modulator activity of the potent herbal extract drug thymoquinone on EBV was assessed in vitro. Thymoquinone was tested for cytotoxicity on human cells of lymphoblastoid cells, Raji Burkitt’s lymphoma, DG-75 Burkitt’s lymphoma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and periodontal ligament fibroblast. Apoptosis induction was analyzed via TUNEL assay and activity studies of caspase-3. The effect of thymoquinone on EBV gene expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We report here, for the first time, a promising selective inhibitory affect of thymoquinone on EBV-infected B cell lines in vitro, compared with lower activity on EBV negative B cell line and very low toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Moreover, the drug was found to efficiently suppress the RNA expression of EBNA2, LMP1, and EBNA1 genes. Specifically, EBNA2 expression levels were the most affected indicating that this gene might have a major contribution to thymoquinone potency against EBV infected cells. Overall, our results suggest that thymoquinone has the potential to suppress the growth of EBV-infected B cells efficiently.
Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch

SUMMARY To address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species.
SAWSDL-MX2: A Machine-Learning Approach for Integrating Semantic Web Service Matchmaking Variants

In this paper, we present SAWSDL-MX2, a hybrid semantic Web service matchmaker for SAWSDL services. Building on our initial work in \cite{Klu_Kap_08}, we adopt logic-based as well as text similarity service selection for model references and add a structural approach from \cite{Zin_Rup_Fis_06}, which operates on the pure syntactic description of WSDL elements. The integration of these matching variants is accomplished using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with non-linear kernel, thus automatically adapting an aggregation function based on previously experienced training data. Results of our performance evaluation based on the standard measures recall and precision over the SAWSDL-TC1 test collection as well as an exhaustive example for all basic matching variants are also given.
LEADING GROUPS OF OLDER PEOPLE: A DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATION OF PROFESSIONALS

With the substantial growth of an aging population, professionals in gerontology need to know how to work with groups of older people. Group work has become a popular means of helping the elderly, for example, to cope with losses (support groups) and to engage in social activities with peers (groups in day centers) as well as to support caregivers of dementia patients (caregivers' groups). We started group interventions to relieve loneliness among older people and developed long-term training to enhance the group leadership skills of professionals and to promote their self-reflection capabilities. Our training process consciously took advantage of constructive learning theory and a reflective learning model. The education process used modern activating learning methods to attain its goals. In this article we describe the main steps of this educational process and show the results of the trainees' evaluation, how they experienced the training process, and how the learning objectives were achieved.
HR structure and HR knowledge transfer between subsidiaries in China

Purpose – This paper attempts to examine the issue concerning human resource (HR) structures and the transfer of HR knowledge to discover whether and how HR structure facilitates the transfer of HR knowledge between subsidiaries of an MNC in China.Design/methodology/approach – The investigation, being of an exploratory nature, follows the tradition of a grounded approach. The paper is based on an empirical study of 22 individual HR professionals from 21 Chinese subsidiaries of MNCs. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews conducted between January and April 2004 and a grounded analysis was carried out with the assistance of Nvivo software.Findings – The forms of HR structures, especially China centre‐led HR structures, have created an opportunity for developing HR learning networks for sharing HR knowledge amongst sister‐subsidiaries and between the subsidiary and the China centre. These forms of HR structure have also provided an essential foundation for wide collaboration between subsidia.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN DARK MOTTLES

The application of the cloud model to measurements of the contrast as a function of wavelength in the Hα line has recently enabled us to derive numerical values for various parameters (such as velocity, source function, Doppler width and optical depth) of dark mottles observed near the center of the solar disk. The values of these parameters are used together with the calculations of Poland et al. (1971) and Yakovkin and Zel’dina (1975) in order to determine the physical conditions in these structures. Thus population densities at levels 1, 2, 3 (N1, N2, N3), total particle density of hydrogen NH , electron density Ne, electron temperature Te, gas pressure, total column mass, mass density and degree of hydrogen ionization can be determined. The values obtained are comparable with estimates obtained for spicules and mottles by different authors in the past and, furthermore, offer the prospect of putting observational constraints on non-LTE two-dimensional modelling of dark mottles observed in the Hα line which is currently in progress.
Penal Policy and Practice in Belgium

Belgian imprisonment rates increased from sixty‐five to ninety‐five per 100,000 population in the past quarter century, and the use of pretrial detention and long prison sentences increased. Notorious crimes, most prominently the Dutroux case, produced mass demonstrations, and a right‐wing political party repeatedly urged harsher policies. In contrast to the United States and England, however, and although criminal justice policy became more politicized, Belgium did not adopt primarily expressive crime policies. Instead, a process of bifurcation resulted in expansion of prosecutorial diversions, prison alternatives, mediation, and restorative justice initiatives for less serious offenses and longer sentences for the most serious offenses. The main political parties continued to adopt pragmatic positions and balanced policies. Belgian policy makers continued to rely on expert advice, the emergence of a victims movement did not polarize the politics of crime control, and the influence of the human rights movement, embodied particularly in the European Convention and Court of Human Rights, steadily grew.