Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding metal vaporizaiton from laser welding.

The production of metal vapor as a consequence of high intensity laser irradiation is a serious concern in laser welding. Despite the widespread use of lasers in manufacturing, little fundamental understanding of laser/material interaction in the weld pool exists. Laser welding experiments on 304 stainless steel have been completed which have advanced our fundamental understanding of the magnitude and the parameter dependence of metal vaporization in laser spot welding. Calculations using a three-dimensional, transient, numerical model were used to compare with the experimental results. Convection played a very important role in the heat transfer especially towards the end of the laser pulse. The peak temperatures and velocities increased significantly with the laser power density. The liquid flow is mainly driven by the surface tension and to a much less extent, by the buoyancy force. Heat transfer by conduction is important when the liquid velocity is small at the beginning of the pulse and during weld pool solidification. The effective temperature determined from the vapor composition was found to be close to the numerically computed peak temperature at the weld pool surface. At very high power densities, the computed temperatures at the weld pool surface were found to be higher thanmore » the boiling point of 304 stainless steel. As a result, vaporization of alloying elements resulted from both total pressure and concentration gradients. The calculations showed that the vaporization was concentrated in a small region under the laser beam where the temperature was very high. « less
Estimation of the Effect of the Predator Scytodes globula (Araneae: Scytodidae) on Loxosceles laeta (Araneae: Sicariidae) Populations

Abstract It has been reported that Scytodes spiders are predators of spiders of the genus Loxosceles, but the question of the effect of Scytodes globula Nicolet on Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) populations is still unanswered. The goal of this study is to analyze the population effect of S. globula on the population dynamics of L. laeta by means of simulation with projection matrices, considering the seasonal fluctuation of fecundity, random meetings between the predator and the prey, and limited growth of the L. laeta population. We found that the most important parameters to predict the characteristics of the population at equilibrium are the fertility and the survival function of the spider of advanced developmental stage. Also, the predator S. globula significantly decreases population size, population fluctuations, and the proportion of reproductive individuals of L. laeta. The most probable effect of S. globula on L. laeta populations is a decrease of 20% of the population size. This is insufficient to consider this species as an agent of biological control of L. laeta. However, the action of S. globula is not negligible because decreasing the L. laeta population by about 20% could mean a decrease of about 15% in the incidence of loxoscelism. This action is probably less effective than other epidemiological measures such as house cleaning and insecticides or arachnicides and probably similar to the direct action of humans eliminating one or two spiders per year in their houses, but it helps.
Improved Instance Selection Methods for Support Vector Machine Speed Optimization

Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the top picks in pattern recognition and classification related tasks. It has been used successfully to classify linearly separable and nonlinearly separable data with high accuracy. However, in terms of classification speed, SVMs are outperformed by many machine learning algorithms, especially, when massive datasets are involved. SVM classification speed scales linearly with number of support vectors, and support vectors increase with increase in dataset size. Hence, SVM classification speed can be enormously reduced if it is trained on a reduced dataset. Instance selection techniques are one of the most effective techniques suitable for minimizing SVM training time. In this study, two instance selection techniques suitable for identifying relevant training instances are proposed. The techniques are evaluated on a dataset containing 4000 emails and results obtained compared to other existing techniques. Result reveals excellent improvement in SVM classification speed.
Contextual Impact of Neighborhood Obesogenic Factors on Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort

Background: While obesity is well-understood to increase breast cancer risk, the role of the neighborhood obesogenic environment, encompassing social and built environment attributes that influence body size, is poorly understood. Methods: Using principal components factor analysis, five composite factors [neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), urban, mixed-land development, unhealthy food environment, parks] on the basis of geospatial data were developed to characterize the obesogenic environment for 48,247 postmenopausal women in the Multiethnic Cohort, residing predominately in Los Angeles County. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and breast cancer risk (n = 2,341 cases after 17 years of follow-up), adjusting for body mass index (BMI), weight gain since age 21, education, established risk factors, other neighborhood factors, and clustering by block group. Results: Lower nSES was associated with lower breast cancer risk [quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.95], with a more pronounced association observed in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.85). More urban environments were associated with lower breast cancer risk in Japanese Americans (quintile 5 vs. 1: HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26–0.90), and lower mixed-land development was associated with higher breast cancer risk in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10–1.93). Conclusions: Obesogenic neighborhood environment factors, especially nSES, urbanicity, and mixed-land development, were differentially and independently associated with breast cancer risk in this multiethnic population. Impact: These findings highlight the need for additional studies of the driving contextual aspects of nSES that influence breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 480–9. ©2017 AACR. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences. ”
Parallel, non-iterative, multi-physics domain decomposition methods for time-dependent Stokes-Darcy systems

Two parallel, non-iterative, multi-physics, domain decomposition methods are proposed to solve a coupled time-dependent Stokes-Darcy system with the Beavers-Joseph-Saﬀman-Jones interface condition. For both methods, spatial discretization is eﬀected using ﬁnite element methods. The backward Euler method and a three-step backward diﬀerentiation method are used for the temporal discretization. Results obtained at previous time steps are used to approximate the coupling information on the interface between the Darcy and Stokes subdomains at the current time step. Hence, at each time step, only a single Stokes and a single Darcy problem need be solved; as these are uncoupled, they can be solved in parallel. The unconditional stability and con- vergence of the ﬁrst method is proved and also illustrated through numerical experiments. The improved temporal convergence and unconditional stability of the second method is also illustrated through numerical experiments.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821).

Abstract The Grundulus bogotensis is an Endangered fish in Colombia. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of G. bogotensis. The entire genome comprised 17.123 bases and a GC content of 39.84%. The mitogenome sequence of G. bogotensis would contribute to better understand population genetics, and evolution of this lineage. Molecule was deposited at the GenBank database under the accession number KM677190.
Comparison of visual and auditory emotion recognition in patients with cerebellar and Parkinson´s disease

ABSTRACT Widespread cortical-subcortical networks are involved in the recognition and discrimination of emotional contents of facial and vocal expression, whereby the cerebellum and basal ganglia are two subcortical regions implicated in these networks with limited evidence to their specific contributions. To investigate this we compared patients with circumscribed cerebellar lesions and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) on an approved test battery. We studied two groups with subcortical disease, focal cerebellar infarction (n = 22) and PD (n = 22), and a neurological control group with focal supratentorial ischemia (SI) (n = 16) were. Assessments were according to inpatient protocols for neuropsychological routine evaluation, including tests of memory, executive function and attention. Participants completed the Tuebingen Affect Battery, a recognized measure of recognition and discrimination of facial and vocal expression of emotion. As a result, cerebellar lesions were associated with greater impairment than PD and SI in recognition and discrimination of cues of both facial and vocal expressions of differing basic emotions. No confounding effect of other cognitive domains, particularly executive function and attention, was found. Taken together, our findings suggest a specific contribution of the cerebellum to cerebral networks that process facial and vocal emotion expression, related to rapid decisions regulating appropriate behavioral responses in social environments.
Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Issues, Advances, and Challenges

Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) for wireless communication systems presents a new paradigm, allowing wireless nodes to recharge their rechargeable batteries from RF signals (instead of fixed line or traditional energy sources) while decoding information. In this approach, the energy is harvested from ambient electromagnetic sources available within the communication system or from sources that directionally transmit RF energy. This work presents an overview, and advancement to date, as well as identifies research issues and challenges in SWIPT and RF Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) assisted technologies. The paper, in principal, addresses innovative 5G communications and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies associated with SWIPT/WPT. The paper finally presents recommendations and future trends associated with this emerging future electricity technique. This provides a valuable reference and new avenues for the future research in this direction.
The Effects of Rhodiola Tibetica on Lung Tissue of Rats with High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Objective observation of Tibetan medicine rhodiola on high altitude Pulmonary edema in rats and HIF-1a expression changes. Method Will 50 only male SD rats randomly divided into 5 group , are often oxygen control group (Xi'an , altitude 5m ), acute hypoxia control group (Xi'an , altitude 5m ), acute hypoxia Group (naqu , elevation 4500m ), rhodiola acclimatization control group ( Xi'an , altitude 5m ), rhodiola altitude acclimatization group (naqu, elevation 4500m ) , light and electron microscopic observation of lung tissue samples , immunohistochemical detection of various groups of lung tissue HIF-la expression, RT-PCR method detection altitude hypoxia group animal lungs HIF-la mRNA expression changes. Results Acute hypoxia group lung tissue microstructure and Ultrastructure of a discernible high altitude pulmonary edema, and after the Tibetan medicine rhodiola after high altitude pulmonary edema is significantly reduced, ( as in Figure 123456). Lung tissue within the immunohistochemical detection not see HIF-la protein expression, RT-PCR detection SD big rat intraperitoneal injection of rhodiola extract 40g BGE/kg, 2h open back began to rise 4h, peak, after declining 24h, basically back to their normal control group , level rhodiola medicine acclimatization group HIF a 1 am RNA expression are clearly higher than the atmospheric oxygen control group and acute hypoxia group (p < 0.01). Conclusions Tibetan medicine rhodiola on lung tissue HIF-lamRNA expression of conducive to reduce hypoxic rats high altitude pulmonary edema.
The Expressions of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptor p75NGFR in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Their Relation with the Clinicopathologic Factors

Background : Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been suggested to participate in tumor progression and it can interact with its receptor p75. In the present study, we investigated the expressions of NGF and p75 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods : We performed immunohistochemistry for NGF, p75 and PCNA in 45 cases of HCCs, and examined the relationships between the clinicopathologic factors and the immunohistochemical results. Results : NGF was detected in 84.4% (38/45) of the tumor cells and in 64.4% (29/45) of the non-tumorous hepatocytes. Furthermore, a NGF expression was present in 28.9% (13/45) of the endothelial cells in the HCCs, but in 80% (36/45) of the endothelial cells in the non-tumor liver tissue. The tumor cells were negative for p75 in all the HCCs. Although a p75 expression was present in all the nerve fibers in the non-tumor liver tissues, it was markedly reduced (42.2%; 19/45) in the HCCs and a p75 expression was observed at the sinusoids or around the large vessels. The HCCs expressing NGF, either in the tumor cells or the endothelial cells, showed a larger size than those HCCs that didn’t express NGF. The NGF positive tumors showed a tendency toward a higher PCNA-labeling index than did the negative tumors. Conclusions : The changed localization of the NGF expression and the decreased expression of p75 are associated with hepatic carcinogenesis. We suggest that a NGF expression may contribute to the progression of HCC.
Hypoxia modulates the stem cell population and induces EMT in the MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line

A common feature among pre-malignant lesions is the induction of hypoxia through increased cell propagation and reduced access to blood flow. Hypoxia in breast cancer has been associated with poor patient prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy and increased metastasis. Although hypoxia has been correlated with factors associated with the latter stages of cancer progression, it is not well documented how hypoxia influences cells in the earliest stages of transformation. Using the immortalized MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line, we used hypoxic culture conditions to mimic reduced O2 levels found within early pre-malignant lesions and assessed various cellular parameters. In this non-transformed mammary cell line, O2 deprivation led to some changes not immediately associated with cancer progression, such as decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. In contrast, hypoxia did induce other changes more consistent with an increased metastatic potential. A rise in the CD44+CD24−/low-labeled cell sub-population along with increased colony forming capability indicated an expanded stem cell population. Hypoxia also induced cellular and molecular changes consistent with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, these cells now exhibited increased migratory and invasive abilities. These results underscore the contribution of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment in cancer progression and dissemination.
Caenorhabditis elegans SORB-1 localizes to integrin adhesion sites and is required for organization of sarcomeres and mitochondria in myocytes

The role of proteins with sorbin and Src homology 3 domains in living organisms is poorly understood, despite the high degree of conservation of these proteins in metazoans. The single member of this protein family in Caenorhabditis elegans plays roles in muscle contraction at the worm equivalent of Z-disks and in positioning organelles.
Preclinical evaluation of potential therapeutic targets in dedifferentiated liposarcoma

Sarcomas are rare cancers with limited treatment options. Patients are generally treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in combination with surgery, and would benefit from new personalized approaches. In this study we demonstrate the potential of combining personal genomic characterization of patient tumors to identify targetable mutations with in vitro testing of specific drugs in patient-derived cell lines. We have analyzed three metastases from a patient with high-grade metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) by exome and transcriptome sequencing as well as DNA copy number analysis. Genomic aberrations of several potentially targetable genes, including amplification of KITLG and FRS2, in addition to amplification of CDK4 and MDM2, characteristic of this disease, were identified. We evaluated the efficacy of drugs targeting these aberrations or the corresponding signaling pathways in a cell line derived from the patient. Interestingly, the pan-FGFR inhibitor NVP-BGJ398, which targets FGFR upstream of FRS2, strongly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and induced an accumulation of cells into the G0 phase of the cell cycle. This study indicates that FGFR inhibitors have therapeutic potential in the treatment of DDLPS with amplified FRS2.
Accurate Natural Trail Detection Using a Combination of a Deep Neural Network and Dynamic Programming

This paper presents a vision sensor-based solution to the challenging problem of detecting and following trails in highly unstructured natural environments like forests, rural areas and mountains, using a combination of a deep neural network and dynamic programming. The deep neural network (DNN) concept has recently emerged as a very effective tool for processing vision sensor signals. A patch-based DNN is trained with supervised data to classify fixed-size image patches into “trail” and “non-trail” categories, and reshaped to a fully convolutional architecture to produce trail segmentation map for arbitrary-sized input images. As trail and non-trail patches do not exhibit clearly defined shapes or forms, the patch-based classifier is prone to misclassification, and produces sub-optimal trail segmentation maps. Dynamic programming is introduced to find an optimal trail on the sub-optimal DNN output map. Experimental results showing accurate trail detection for real-world trail datasets captured with a head mounted vision system are presented.
Frame-of-Reference Training: Establishing Reliable Assessment of Teaching Effectiveness

Introduction: Frame-of-reference (FOR) training has been used successfully to teach faculty how to produce accurate and reliable workplace-based ratings when assessing a performance. We engaged 21 Harvard Medical School faculty members in our pilot and implementation studies to determine the effectiveness of using FOR training to assess health professionals' teaching performances. Methods: All faculty were novices at rating their peers' teaching effectiveness. Before FOR training, we asked participants to evaluate a recorded lecture using a criterion-based peer assessment of medical lecturing instrument. At the start of training, we discussed the instrument and emphasized its precise behavioral standards. During training, participants practiced rating lectures and received immediate feedback on how well they categorized and scored performances as compared with expert-derived scores of the same lectures. At the conclusion of the training, we asked participants to rate a post-training recorded lecture to determine agreement with the experts' scores. Results: Participants and experts had greater rating agreement for the post-training lecture compared with the pretraining lecture. Through this investigation, we determined that FOR training is a feasible method to teach faculty how to accurately and reliably assess medical lectures. Discussion: Medical school instructors and continuing education presenters should have the opportunity to be observed and receive feedback from trained peer observers. Our results show that it is possible to use FOR rater training to teach peer observers how to accurately rate medical lectures. The process is time efficient and offers the prospect for assessment and feedback beyond traditional learner evaluation of instruction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires

One-dimensional nanowires (NWs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their novel physical properties and potential applications as interconnects in nanometre-scale electronics. NWs have potential applications in nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, photonics, sensors, and solar cells due to their unique electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Several chemical and physical methods are commonly used to produce NWs. Among them, electrochemical synthesis and vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) methods to produce NWs have become popular among scientific workers due to a number of advantages. Synthesis of NWs using anodic alumina and polymer templates in an electrochemical cell has been described in detail as investigated in our laboratory. Characterization of metal and semiconductor NWs has been accomplished using scanning electron microscope (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Morphology of NWs has been revealed by SEM, structure by TEM, crystallinity by XRD and chemical composition by EDAX. I-V characteristics of copper and semiconductor NWs were recorded in-situ, as grown in pores of anodic alumina template, using Dual Source Meter (Keithley Model 4200 SCS) with platinum probes for contacts. Resonating tunneling diode (RTD) characteristics of fabricated NWs have been investigated. Bulk production of Copper NWs has been described by seed growth technique. Applications of NWs are not covered in any detail under this review. Table of Contents
Transgenic TBK1 mice have features of normal tension glaucoma.

Duplication of the TBK1 gene is associated with 1-2% of normal tension glaucoma, a common cause of vision loss and blindness that occurs without grossly abnormal intraocular pressure. We generated a transgenic mouse that has one copy of the human TBK1 gene (native promoter and gene structure) incorporated into the mouse genome (Tg-TBK1). Expression of the TBK1 transgene in the retinae of these mice was demonstrated by real-time PCR. Using immunohistochemistry TBK1 protein was predominantly localized to the ganglion cell layer of the retina, the cell type most affected by glaucoma. More intense TBK1 labelling was detected in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of Tg-TBK1 mice than in wild-type littermates. Tg-TBK1 mice exhibit the cardinal sign of glaucoma, a progressive loss of RGCs. Hemizygous Tg-TBK1 mice (with one TBK1 transgene per genome) had a 13% loss of RGCs by 18 months of age (P = 1.5 × 10-8). Homozygous Tg-TBK1 mice had 7.6% fewer RGCs than hemizygous Tg-TBK1 mice and 20% fewer RGCs than wild-type mice (P = 1.9 × 10-5) at 6 months of age. No difference in intraocular pressures was detected between Tg-TBK1 mice and wild-type littermates as they aged (P > 0.05). Tg-TBK1 mice with extra doses of the TBK1 gene recapitulate the phenotype of normal tension glaucoma in human patients with a TBK1 gene duplication. Together, these studies confirm the pathogenicity of the TBK1 gene duplication in human glaucoma and suggest that excess production of TBK1 kinase may have a role in the pathology of glaucoma.