Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learner versus System Control in Augmented Lab Experiments

We present a user study of the mock-up for a learning environment on electro-mobility, based on tracking of physical interactions and projected augmentation. We discuss observations and interviews with participants that were led through a task scenario. Our insights highlight user needs in an educational context. There is generally high acceptance for augmented reality in experimentation environments, but issues concerning user guidance and system concept are critical for practical experimental education in schools and universities. We describe the most important decisions for further development. Frequently, these concern questions about degrees of freedom - on the part of users as well as the system.
PARALLEL SIMULATION FOR AUTONOMOUS AIRCRAFT SQUADRONS USING VIRTUAL STRUCTURE AND A 3 D MANEUVERS SCHEME

A parallel algorithm for simulation of autonomous aircraft squadrons is proposed in this paper. A 3D maneuvers control scheme is presented for the aircraft to follow the reference trajectory by using a well defined geometric formation, called virtual structure. The simulations, employing the aircraft model, show that the aerial vehicles do not loose formation neither collide, even when noise in the measured signals is considered. The time complexity analysis of the simulation algorithm shows its efficiency is not time critical. An optimization algorithm is used to tune the controller parameters. It is proved that the parallel algorithm is optimal if the controller tuning optimization procedure efficiency is optimal.
A sleep diary and questionnaire study of naturally short sleepers

Whereas most people require more than 6 h of sleep to feel well rested, there appears to be a group of people who can function well on between 3 and 6 h of sleep. The aims of the present study were to compare 12 naturally short (3–6 h) sleepers (9 males 3 females, mean age 39.6 years, SD age 10.1 years) recruited by a media publicity campaign with age, gender and chronotype matched medium length (7–8.5 h) sleepers on various measures. Measurement instruments included diaries and questionnaires to assess sleep duration and timing, as well as questionnaire assessments of sleep pathology, morningness–eveningness, extroversion, neuroticism, pathological daytime sleepiness, subclinical hypomania, optimism, depressive symptoms, exercise, and work habits. Few measures showed reliable differences between naturally short sleepers and controls except the obvious ones related to sleep duration. There was, however, some evidence for subclinical hypomanic symptoms in naturally short sleepers.
Actimétrie de l'environnement : un nouveau concept pour l'évaluation et le suivi des personnes agées fragiles ou démentes

Le vieillissement est un enjeu pour la societe et notamment en termes de sante publique dans les pays industrialises. La prise en charge ne peut se limiter a un personnel juge insuffisant pour s'occuper des personnes âges qui vieillissent a domicile et les nouvelles technologies offrent des solutions complementaires possibles. Une analyse sur les contraintes existantes pour developper les nouvelles technologies et les mecanismes impliques dans ce processus sont proposes. Plusieurs experimentas sont montres dont un qui detecte le niveau d'autonomie des personnes seules a domicile par l'analyse des signaux electriques venant des appareils electromenagers donnant la probabilite d'avoir realise une activite de la vie quotidienne. Le systeme detecte des anomalies dans les habitudes et genere une alarme. Aussi on explique les resultats de l'utilisation de l'acetimetrie par capteurs infrarouges dans un usage hospitalier. Ce systeme permet d'avoir un registre de l'activite au lit, dans la chambre et dans les toilettes en continu, et peut faire la difference entre l'activite du malade et celle d'autres personnes dans la chambre. Ce travail est cible sur l'activite nocturne, parametre de reference pour evaluer les differences d'activites en presence des troubles cognitifs, depression ou differents niveaux d'autonomie. Les resultats montrent l'importance de la presence des symptomes depressifs sur l'activite nocturne chez les sujets controles et l'effet paradoxal chez les dements, qui voient cette symptomatologie diminuer leur taux d'activite nocturne. Connaitre le taux d'activite nocturne peut aussi etre utile pour suivre les effets des therapeutiques, comme cela est presente par l'analyse en detail d'un patient dement suivi pendant 79 nuits dans la chambre altimetrique. L'actimetrie a servi aussi a valider une echelle semi qualitative d'evaluation du comportement nocturne utilisant l'actimetrie comme gold standard. Finalement l'ensemble des travaux montre la realite du concept d'actimetrie environnementale et ses applications actuelles et futures.
The International classification of functioning, disability and health – children and youth (ICF‐CY): testing its utility in classifying information from eco-cultural family interviews with ethnically diverse families with children with disabilities in Kyrgyzstan

Purpose. The objective of this study was to test the utility of the International classification of functioning, disability and health – children and youth's (ICF-CY) Environmental Factors component by classifying family interview data from two ethnically and culturally diverse – Kyrgyz and Uzbek – families that have children with various types of disabilities in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Methods. The eco-cultural family interview (EFI) was used to interview four Kyrgyz and four Uzbek families. The obtained data were analysed by using manifest content analysis; identified units of meaning named as ‘EFI items’ and ‘EFI concepts’ were then linked to the ICF-CY's codes by application of ten linkage rules. Results. The analysis of transcribed interviews identified 669 EFI items and 745 EFI concepts. The linking of EFI items to the ICF-CY showed: 92 EFI items and concepts were linked to nd (not definable); 104 items were linked to nc (not covered by the ICF-CY); 15 items were categorised as pf (personal factors); 21 items were linked to categories found in Activities and Participation; and 3 were linked to Body Functions components. The rest of EFI items and concepts were linked to categories of the Environmental Factors component. Conclusion. The codes included into Chapters 1, 2 and 5 of the ICF-CY environmental component can be easily assigned to the relevant EFI items. There is a necessity to add more codes in Chapters 3 and 4 of the Environmental Factors component, and the inclusion of a separate component of Personal Factors into the classification is suggested.
Adrenoleukodystrophy

With a new method we measured the saturated very long chain fatty acids in the plasma of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) hemizygotes, ALD heterozygotes, and controls. ALD hemizygotes showed increased levels of hexacosanoate (C26 fatty acid) which represented 0.081 ± 0.0066% (SEM) of total fatty acids, compared to 0.015 ± 0.0032% in the controls. C25, C24, and C23 fatty acids were also increased, but the C22 and C20 fatty acids were normal. C26 levels were also increased in most ALD heterozygotes, with a mean level 0.057± 0.0063% of total fatty acids. The technique can be used for diagnosis and carrier identification, and in the evaluation of therapy.
Dense Media Radiative Transfer Applied to SnowScat and SnowSAR

The dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory is applied to data analysis of recent measurements of multifrequency microwave backscatter from the snow cover on earth. Measurement includes ground-based campaign (SnowScat) and airborne mission (SnowSAR). Both the quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA) model and the bicontinuous model are used for a multilayer snow medium. Two size parameters are used for both models. Grain size and stickiness parameter are used for QCA model. The bicontinuous model has two parameters: the mean wave number 〈ζ〉 and the parameter b. The mean wave number 〈ζ〉 corresponds to the inverse of the grain size, while the b parameter controls the width of the wave number distribution and is related to the clustering property. The bicontinuous model is used to generate the microstructures of snow by computer, and Maxwell equations are solved numerically for each sample of computer-generated structure to calculate the extinction coefficient and the phase matrix. Other geometric descriptors of the bicontinuous medium include correlation functions and specific surface areas, both of which can be calculated from the parameters 〈ζ〉 and b. In making comparisons, we use ground measurements of specific surface area, grain size, densities, and layering of snow cover as input for the theoretical models. The geometric properties and the scattering properties of the bicontinuous model are also compared with past models. In making the multifrequency comparisons, we use the same physical parameters of all three frequencies: 1) X band; 2) Ku bands of 13.3 GHz; and 3) 16.7 GHz. It is emphasized that the DMRT models provide frequency, size, and angular dependence that depart from the classical model of Rayleigh scattering and are in better agreement with experimental observations.
Amatuximab and novel agents targeting mesothelin for solid tumors

Mesothelin (MSLN) is considered a promising target for cancer therapy. Originally extracted in 1992 after the immunization of mice with a human ovarian cancer (OC) cell line and cloned in 1996, MSLN seems to be involved in cell adhesion and metastasis. MSLN is prevalent in mesothelia tissues but is expressed in several human cancers, such as OC, pancreatic cancer, mesothelioma, and lung cancer. Amatuximab (MORAb-009) is a mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody with a selective affinity for MSLN. The principal mechanism of action comprises inhibition of binding of MSLN with the antigen CA125/MUC16. The highest phase of development is actually a Phase II trial (MORAb-009-201, Europe). In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of amatuximab and other MSLN-targeting novel drugs, along with a discussion about the expected efficacy, safety, and toxicity of this promising group of agents and implications for future research and clinical practice.
PhysioDoloris: a monitoring device for Analgesia / Nociception balance evaluation using Heart Rate Variability analysis

Continuous Analgesia / Nociception balance evaluation during general anesthesia could be of precious help for the optimization of analgesic drugs delivery, limiting the risk of toxicity due to the use of opioid drugs, limiting the risk of post operative hyper algesia, and, probably, reducing time of recovery after surgical procedure. Heart Rate Variability analysis has been shown in several studies to measure the Autonomic Nervous System tone, which is strongly influenced by anesthetic drugs. Recording RR series during general anesthesia enabled us to observe that the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia pattern changed when a surgical stimulation was painful, even though the patient was not conscious. We have previously developed and evaluated a pain / analgesia measurement algorithm based on the magnitude analysis of the respiratory patterns on the RR series. In this paper, we present the development of a monitoring device (PhysioDoloris), based on the previously described technology, giving in real time an Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) which can be used during general anesthesia in order to give to the anesthetist, a complementary tool for optimized drug delivery.
Of Two Minds

Because different processes underlie implicit and explicit attitudes, we hypothesized that they are differentially sensitive to different kinds of information. We measured implicit and explicit attitudes over time, as different types of attitude-relevant information about a single attitude object were presented. As expected, explicit attitudes formed and changed in response to the valence of consciously accessible, verbally presented behavioral information about the target. In contrast, implicit attitudes formed and changed in response to the valence of subliminally presented primes, reflecting the progressive accretion of attitude object-evaluation pairings. As a consequence, when subliminal primes and behavioral information were of opposite valence, people formed implicit and explicit attitudes of conflicting valence.
Decline in cognitive function due to diffuse axonal injury does not necessarily imply a corresponding decline in ability to perform activities

Abstract Purpose: The study explored the direction of change (decline vs. improvement) after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in the domains of the ICF: body structure, body function, and activity. Methods: Thirteen patients with DAI were assessed by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure body structure, the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) to measure body function, and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure activity. The DTI, BNIS, and AMPS were applied at the acute phase (A1), and at 6 and 12 months post-injury (A2 and A3). Visual and statistical analyses were conducted to explore time-dependent changes in the ICF domains. Results: Improvements were observed for most patients in all ICF domains from injury until six months. Thereafter, the results diverged, with half of the subjects showing a decline in DTI and BNIS scores between A2–A3, and all but one of the patients exhibiting identical or better A2–A3 AMPS process skill scores. Conclusions: From 6 to 12 months post-injury, some patients underwent an ongoing degenerative process, causing a decline in cognitive function. The same decline was not observed in the activity measure, which might be explained by the use of compensatory strategies. Implications for rehabilitation In rehabilitation it is essential to be aware that in some cases with TBI, an ongoing degenerative process in the white matter can be expected, causing an adverse late effect on cognitive function. The cognitive decline, caused by DAI, does not necessarily mean a concurrent decrease in activity performance, possibly explained by the use of compensatory strategies. This suggests that, after the post-acute phase, rehabilitation offering strategy training may be beneficial to enhance every-day functioning. Strategy use requires awareness, which imply the need to assess level of awareness in order to guide rehabilitation.
Effectively Building Tera Scale MaxEnt Language Models Incorporating Non-Linguistic Signals

Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) language models are powerful models that can incorporate linguistic and non-linguistic contextual signals in a unified framework with a convex loss. MaxEnt models also have the advantage of scaling to large model and training data sizes We present the following two contributions to MaxEnt training: (1) By leveraging smaller amounts of transcribed data, we demonstrate that a MaxEnt LM trained on various types of corpora can be easily adapted to better match the test distribution of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR); (2) A novel adaptive-training approach that efficiently models multiple types of non-linguistic features in a universal model. We evaluate the impact of these approaches on Google’s state-of-the-art ASR for the task of voice-search transcription and dictation. Training 10B parameter models utilizing a corpus of up to 1T words, we show large reductions in word error rate from adaptation across multiple languages. Also, human evaluations show significant improvements on a wide range of domains from using non-linguistic features. For example, adapting to geographical domains (e.g., US States and cities) affects about 4% of test utterances, with 2:1 win to loss ratio.
The Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis and Its Relationship to Emollients

Background: Human-associated bacterial communities on the skin, skin microbiome, likely play a central role in development of immunity and protection from pathogens. In atopic patients, the skin bacterial diversity is smaller than in healthy subjects. Objective: To review treatment strategies for atopic dermatitis in Canada, taking the skin microbiome concept into account. Methods: An expert panel of 8 Canadian dermatologists explored the role of skin microbiome in clinical dermatology, specifically looking at atopic dermatitis. Results: The panel reached consensus on the following: (1) In atopic patients, the skin microbiome of lesional atopic skin is different from nonlesional skin in adjacent areas. (2) Worsening atopic dermatitis and smaller bacterial diversity are strongly associated. (3) Application of emollients containing antioxidant and antibacterial components may increase microbiome diversity in atopic skin. Conclusion: The skin microbiome may be the next frontier in preventive health and may impact the approach to atopic dermatitis treatment.
Integrated mPD‐L1 and metabolic analysis identifies new prognostic subgroups in lung cancers with wild‐type EGFR

Dear Editor, Metabolic reprogramming, especially changes in glycolysis and cholesterogenesis pathways, has been reported to affect tumour prognosis.1 Interestingly, there is an intricate relationship between metabolic changes and immune checkpoints in the tumourmicroenvironment (TME),2 but their interaction and effects on the prognosis of lung cancer patients remain poorly understood. In this work, we established a novel stratification framework based on combined analysis of PD-L1 mRNA (mPD-L1) expression and glycolysis/cholesterol metabolic signatures, which stratified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type lung cancers intometabolic subtypeswith significantly different prognoses. We also created a visualization website called glycolysis/cholesterol metabolism axis and PD-L1 mRNA expression (GCP) (https://www.liqlab.cn/gcp) for this stratification approach. We first investigated the impact of the three metabolic subtypes on prognosis at different PD-L1 expression levels. In the mPD-L1low group, cholesterogenic cases had a significantly worse OS and progression free survival (FPS) (mOS: 2.9 years; mFPS: 3.7 years) compared to glycolytic (mOS and mPFS were not reached) and quiescent cases (mOS: 5.5 years, mPFS was not reached). However, in the mPD-L1high group, cases belonging to the glycolytic subtype had a significantly worse OS and FPS (mOS: 3.3 years; mFPS: 2.3 years) than the cholesterogenic and quiescent subtypes (mOS: 7.1 years, mPFS: 7.2 years). Of note, no difference was observed among metabolic subtypes for the mPD-L1med group (Figure 1C and Table S4). Furthermore, for the cholesterogenic subtype, higher PD-L1 levels were associated with a better prognosis, whereas opposite findings were observed for the glycolytic subtype (Figure 1D). For the mPD-L1high group, univariate cox regression analysis revealed that glycolytic subtype, pT stage and pTNM stage were correlated with OS and PFS. During multivariate Cox regression analysis, glycolytic subtype (hazard ratio [HR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI],
A method of detecting online public opinions based on the query log of search engine

Online public opinion has become a hot academic research in China, however, existing detecting approaches have some limitations. Based on literature studies, netizen are the crucial factor of guiding the direction of online public opinion, and the large amount of data shows that the information of online public opinion would have a crucial impact on netizens' search behaviour (using search engine). To this end, according to the group behaviour of netizens, this paper proposed a new detecting method of online public opinion based on query log of search engine, and described the specific steps. This method has a high feasibility and reliability, and provides a new idea for detecting online public opinion.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum

The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum is an intestinal parasite that affects healthy humans and animals, and causes an unrelenting infection in immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. We report the complete genome sequence of C. parvum, type II isolate. Genome analysis identifies extremely streamlined metabolic pathways and a reliance on the host for nutrients. In contrast to Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, the parasite lacks an apicoplast and its genome, and possesses a degenerate mitochondrion that has lost its genome. Several novel classes of cell-surface and secreted proteins with a potential role in host interactions and pathogenesis were also detected. Elucidation of the core metabolism, including enzymes with high similarities to bacterial and plant counterparts, opens new avenues for drug development.
Autophagy is involved in the initiation and progression of Graves' orbitopathy.

BACKGROUND Differentiation of orbital fibroblasts into mature adipocytes and subsequent accumulation of adipose tissue has been shown in the progression of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Autophagy is involved in adipogenesis, but little is known about the role of autophagy in the initiation and progression of GO. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GO. METHODS Orbital adipose/connective tissue explants from patients with GO and from normal subjects, as well as isolated orbital fibroblasts, were analyzed. Adipogenesis was induced using differentiating medium with or without hydrogen peroxide, and autophagy was manipulated using bafilomycin A1 and Atg5-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Autophagosomes were identified by electron microscopy. Expression of autophagy-related genes and adipogenesis-related transcription factors were analyzed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and/or Western blot analysis. Lipid droplet accumulation was examined by Oil Red O staining. RESULTS Autophagic vacuoles were more abundant in GO cells than in non-GO cells (p<0.05). Expression of autophagy-related genes was significantly higher in GO tissues and cells than in their non-GO counterparts, respectively. Interleukin-1β increased LC3-II, p62, and Atg7 protein in GO cells. Autophagosome accumulation was shown at day 4 of adipogenesis and decreased by day 10, along with lipid droplet formation. Expression of LC3 and p62 proteins increased within 48 hours of differentiation and diminished gradually from day 4 to 10. Bafilomycin A1 treatment and Atg5 knockdown by shRNA inhibited lipid droplet accumulation and suppressed expression of adipogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy was increased in GO tissue and cells compared to non-GO tissue and cells, suggesting that autophagy plays a role in GO pathogenesis. Autophagy manipulation may be a therapeutic target for GO.
Content-Based Representations of Audio Using Siamese Neural Networks

In this paper, we focus on the problem of content-based retrieval for audio, which aims to retrieve all semantically similar audio recordings for a given audio clip query. This problem is similar to the problem of query by example of audio, which aims to retrieve media samples from a database, which are similar to the user-provided example. We propose a novel approach which encodes the audio into a vector representation using Siamese Neural Networks. The goal is to obtain an encoding similar for files belonging to the same audio class, thus allowing retrieval of semantically similar audio. Using simple similarity measures such as those based on simple euclidean distance and cosine similarity we show that these representations can be very effectively used for retrieving recordings similar in audio content.