Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meinardus ’ Examples For the Conjugate Gradient Method 1

The Conjugate Gradient (CG) method is widely used to solve a positive definite linear system Ax = b of order N . In 1963, Meinardus (Numer. Math., 5 (1963), pp. 14–23. ) proved that the relative residual of the kth approximate solution by CG (with the initial approximation x0 = 0) is bounded above by 2 [ ∆κ + ∆ −k κ ]−1 with ∆κ = √ κ + 1 √ κ− 1 , where κ ≡ κ(A) = ‖A‖2‖A−1‖2 is A’s spectral condition number. In the same paper he also gave an example to achieve this bound for k = N − 1 but without saying anything about all other 1 ≤ k < N − 1. It is possible to construct examples to attain Meinardus’ bound for any given k, with the help of his example, but such examples depend on k and, furthermore, it will be shown that if the kth residual achieve Meinardus’ bound, then the (k + 1)th residual must be exactly zero. Therefore it’d be interesting to know if there is any example on which the CG relative residuals are comparable to the bound for all 1 ≤ k ≤ N − 1. There are two contributions in this paper. 1. A closed formula for the CG residuals for all 1 ≤ k ≤ N − 1 on Meinardus’ example is obtained, and in particular it implies that Meinardus’ bound is always within a factor of √ 2 of the actual residuals; 2. A complete characterization of extreme positive linear systems for which the kth CG residual achieves Meinardus’ bound is also presented. As a consequence, there is no positive linear system whose kth CG residual achieves Meinardus’ bound for all 1 ≤ k < N , unless N = 2.
Compact Model for Spin–Orbit Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Electrical control of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) through spin-orbit torques (SOTs) offers opportunities to introduce MTJs into high-performance, low energy applications. SOTs support a high-speed and energy-efficient three terminal MTJ with perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetization (PMTJ). The read path is separated from the write path, enhancing the reliability of the device. SOTs exhibit two coexisting contributions: 1) a damping-like torque and 2) a field-like torque. In this paper, a physics-based compact model for a three terminal PMTJ is presented, which accurately models the magnetic, electrical, and thermal behaviors of a PMTJ controlled through SOTs. The proposed compact model is validated with experimental data, exhibiting reasonable accuracy with an average error of <;5.4%. The integration capability of the proposed compact model with CMOS technology is also demonstrated.
Protective effect of ginger on gentamicin-induced apoptosis in testis of rats.

PURPOSE Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is one of the most widely used spices for various foods and as an herbal medicine in Asian countries. It has been shown that ginger has antioxidant power. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a very broad spectrum against microbial pathogens, especially the gram-negative. Many studies revealed that gentamicin induces an oxidative stress-status in the testis by increasing free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. The present study was designed to investigate on the effects of Ginger as a natural anioxidant on testis apoptosis after treatment with gentamicin in rats. METHODS In order to study the recovery effects of ginger on testis apoptosis after treatment with gentamicin 40 adult Wistar male rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Normal salin control (group I) (n=10), gentamicin control (group II), ginger control (group III) and gentamicin + ginger (group IV) each 10 rats. There was observation of negative effect of Gentamicin on testis histology in rats. RESULTS The results revealed that there was a significant increase in apoptosis in group III when compared with other groups (P<0.05). However, ginger could decrease apoptosis in group IV that received 100mg/kg/rat of Ginger. CONCLUSION Regarding the results, it is recommended that administration of ginger with gentamicin might be beneficial in men who receive gentamicin to treat infections.
Monte Carlo investigation of critical dynamics in the three-dimensional Ising model.

Etude des fonctions de correlation de l'aimantation et de l'energie d'un modele d'Ising cubique simple, en fonction du temps, de la temperature et de la taille du reseau. On utilise des reseaux L×L×L a conditions aux limites periodiques, pour L allant jusqu'a 96. Analyse des comportements a courte et longue duree des fonctions de correlation; extraction de l'exposant critique z de la plus grande duree de relaxation par une analyse d'effet de taille finie
A Tripartite Approach to Ensure Municipal Service Delivery. The Case of a Mining Town in South Africa

Maléne CAMPBELL1, Ernst DREWES2 1 University of the Free State, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bloemfontein, SOUTH AFRICA 2 North-West University, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Potchefstroom, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: campbemm@ufs.ac. za, ernst.drewes@nwu.ac. za DOI: 10.24193/JSSP.2018. 2.02 https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018. 2.02
Optimized precursor ion selection for labile ions in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and its impact on quantification using selected reaction monitoring.

The fragmentation of fragile ions during the application of an isolation waveform for precursor ion selection and the resulting loss of isolated ion intensity is well-known in ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). To obtain adequate ion intensity in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of fragile precursor ions, a wider ion isolation width is required. However, the increased isolation width significantly diminishes the selectivity of the channels chosen for SRM, which is a serious problem for samples with complex matrices. The sensitive and selective quantification of many lipid molecules, including ceramides from real biological samples, using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is also hindered by the same problem because of the ease of water loss from protonated ceramide ions. In this study, a method for the reliable quantification of ceramides using SRM with near unity precursor ion isolation has been developed for ITMS by utilizing alternative precursor ions generated by in-source dissociation. The selected precursor ions allow the isolation of ions with unit mass width and the selective analysis of ceramides using SRM with negligible loss of sensitivity. The quantification of C18:0-, C24:0- and C24:1-ceramides using the present method shows excellent linearity over the concentration ranges from 6 to 100, 25 to 1000 and 25 to 1000 nM, respectively. The limits of detection of C18:0-, C24:0- and C24:1-ceramides were 0.25, 0.25 and 5 fmol, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to quantify ceramides in fetal bovine serum.
Information Embedding in Sonar by Modifications of Time-Frequency Properties

In the crowded underwater acoustic channels, the ability to recognize sonar transmissions based on an identifying signature is quite valuable. In this work, we propose an algorithm to embed a watermark in the time-frequency coefficients of a sonar waveform and produce a watermarked sonar. The watermark, which is a digital signature, is used to authenticate the sonar by verifying the source that is broadcasting the waveform. The embedding rule is modeled after spread spectrum modulation and driven by two secure keys. The first key consists of the spreading code that is unique to each source. The second key is an embedding mask used to select and additively modify the selected time-frequency cells of the sonar. The mask is chosen based on the frequency response of the acoustic channel (primarily, its time and frequency coherence) and the signal energy distribution in the time-frequency plane. The detector is modeled after a matched filter receiver performing a replica correlation with the spread watermark passed through the channel model. A successful detection needs access to both the spreading code and the embedding mask. Watermark detection performance is extensively evaluated based on range; watermark energy; watermark placement; ambient noise; number of multipaths; and other ocean parameters, such as depth, surface, and bottom models.
New Perspectives on Biogeochemical Exploration

Significant refinements of biogeochemical methods applied to mineral exploration have been made over the past quarter century, with advances on all continents. Databases from surveys around the world provide enhanced information on which species and tissues to collect from all major climatic environments, and how, why and when to sample. Recent commercialization of sophisticated new ICPMS analytical technology and the information emerging from studies involving the Synchrotron are permitting immensely more insight into the multi-element composition of plants. From determinations of precise ultra-trace levels in dry tissues of mineral ‘pathfinder’ elements, and the recognition of element distribution patterns with respect to concealed mineralization a steady understanding of relationships is unfurling. Data are now readily available on the biogeochemistry of almost all elements of the Periodic Table. Surveys conducted in undisturbed areas over the past 30 years can now be put into context of results from subsequent exploration activities, some of which have been developed as mines. Examples are presented from surveys for Au, PGEs, U, and kimberlites by reference to a wealth of previously unpublished data that until recently has been classified as confidential.
Using Eye-Tracking to Investigate the Different 3D Representation on Students' Mental Model Construction

To alleviate these difficulties of students learning atomic orbital concepts, this study developed different 3D animations to foster students to generate better learning performance and their sophisticated mental models. The study also explored students' eye movement behaviors. All 60 high school students received the pre- and post-test of atomic orbital concept test and mental model test before and immediately after learning from either static or dynamic 3D animations. The results indicated that the performances of students' mental models are influenced by different 3D animations mode. With respect to eye movements, students who received dynamic 3D animations allocated greater number of fixation, number of saccade, and longer total inspection time as well as saccade distance than those who received static 3D animations. These findings have implications for how to develop well-designed instruction to foster students' learning performance and for the relationship between eye movement behaviors with learning performance.
Value Care: Managing The Emerging. The Case Of Developer Support Forums

This conceptual paper explores the way pioneering Web-based enterprises manage the emergence of new value, by studying the phenomenon of external developers support. While the process observed initially appears to be a case of problem-solving, “value care” emerges as an original process. This “business module” enables the management of both immanent and potential value for the enterprise.
Discrete sliding mode control based on optimal sliding surface for time delay systems

This paper addresses the controller design problem of time delay systems using discrete sliding mode control technique. In this, an optimal sliding surface is chosen as a linear function of the system states and the coefficients of sliding surface are computed by minimizing the quadratic performance index. A delay ahead predictor is used to handle system's time delay and plant-model uncertainties by predicting the states of systems. The control law is derived from the discrete time state model and sliding surface with predicted states for general class of delay time systems. The methodology integrates optimal sliding surface and delay ahead prediction; and therefore results optimal performance of the systems. The stability condition is derived using Lyapunov approach. Simulation examples are included to show the usefulness of the proposed controllers.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Distributed and Adaptive Darting Monte Carlo through

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The Role of Graph Topology for Graph Matching

Graph matching plays a key role in structural pattern recognition. However, for concrete application, an appropriate feature graph topology must be chosen. In this paper, this issue is investigated by comparing the performance of four different graph topologies with respect to four types of feature graphs and two algebraically graph matching methods: least squares method(LSM) and eigenspectral methods. Results clearly demonstrate that standard Delaunay Triangulation topology is not as successful as other nearest neighbor models for graph matching.
Degradation of basement membranes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase

Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence has been attributed in part to extracellular proteinases. We found that one of these proteinases, elastase, extensively degrades intact basement membranes from bovine anterior-lens capsules, bovine glomeruli, and bovine lung, producing about 9, 14, and 9 fragments, respectively, with Mrs in the range of 15,000 to greater than 200,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (nonreducing conditions). Release of hydroxyproline showed that collagen IV was degraded by elastase. Degradation of the newly discovered alpha 3(IV) collagen chain was shown by immunoblotting of digests with Goodpasture's syndrome serum, which contains antibodies that react with an epitope located in the carboxyl-terminal globular (NCl) domain of alpha 3(IV). Comparison of total protein release with collagen IV release showed that noncollagenous protein components were solubilized to the same extent as collagen IV. The extensive degradation of the basement membranes described here suggests a role for elastase in the pathogenic mechanism at the local level when P. aeruginosa infection is present.
Preliminary Study of Perception and Consumer Behaviour Towards Energy Saving for Household Appliances: A Case of Makassar

Electricity load has tendency to increase over the time. Therefore, efforts to maintain a balance between electricity supply and demand such as increasing energy saving related to the use of home electricity appliances are urgently needed. In general, one of the household appliances which consumes relatively high electricity energy is refrigerator. The purpose of this study is to analyze residential consumers perceptions and their behaviours about electricity energy saving in relation to the usage of household appliances in Makassar, Indonesia particularly for refrigerator. Moreover, typical relationship between perceptions and consumers behaviours is also analyzed by composed two regression models, namely model for usage behaviour (UREFm model) and model for habitual behaviour (HREFm model) by using general perception, specific perception, and external factors as explanation variables. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed for survey which involved 40 respondents as a preliminary study and then statistical tests including regression analysis were applied to analyze usable data. The target of respondent was an owner of a house in Makassar with installed power capacity at least 900 VA. Reliability test shown that all items in the developed questionnaire can be used for main survey as obtained Cronbach’s alpha values were above 0.6. Evaluation for consumers perceptions on energy saving in relation to demographic aspect using mean and Standard Deviation values indicated some significant differences. Other results regarding regression analysis shown that both composed models were well validated and had quite good fitness degree with adjusted R-squared values around 49.31% for UREFm model and 80.90% for HREFm model. Among considered variables, specific perception, and external factors were found have significant influence to the usage and habitual behaviours of consumers as confirmed by their p-values in each model below 0.05. Findings of this research can be used as a reference in developing programs for residential consumers such as electricity energy conservation program.
Catalytic Oxidation and Antioxidant Properties of Thyme Essential Oils (Thymus vulgarae L.)

The antioxidant properties of two chemotypes of thyme essential oils were examined in relation to their catalytic transformation. Catalytic oxidations were performed with potassium hydrogentrioxoperoxosulfate(VI) and the Fe I I I meso-tetraphenylporphyrin catalytic system, after which the chemical compositions of essential oils were changed. The antioxidant activity was investigated by two different methods: the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and the Ferric Reducing / Antioxidant Power assay. Both methods have shown that the phenolic chemotype possesses stronger antioxidant properties than the non-phenolic one. After catalytic oxidation, the essential oils of both chemotypes showed stronger antioxidant effects than before oxidation.
An alternative use of fuzzy transform with application to a class of delay differential equations

ABSTRACT Fuzzy transforms (or F-transforms for short) are an approximation technique recently introduced. The main application is referred to image and data compression. There are really few works devoted to the use of F-transform for solving ordinary differential equations. In the present paper, an F-transform-based Picard-like numerical scheme is proposed in order to solve a class of delay differential equations. For linear cases, the proposed approach leads to a non-recursive approximate solution by means of operational matrices and vectors of known quantities. Numerical results show the good performance of the proposed method against known solutions.
In Vivo Selection of T-Cell Receptor Junctional Region Sequences by HLA-A2 Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax11-19 Peptide Complexes

ABSTRACT Using HLA-peptide tetrameric complexes, we isolated human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 Tax peptide-specific CD8+ T cells ex vivo. Antigen-specific amino acid motifs were identified in the T-cell receptor Vβ CDR3 region of clonally expanded CD8+ T cells. This result directly confirms the importance of the CDR3 region in determining the antigen specificity in vivo.
In vitro characterization of the oxidation of a pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol by human placenta: the effect of smoking.

PURPOSE The antipsychotic drug haloperidol can be metabolised to pyridinium metabolites haloperidol pyridinium (HP+) and reduced haloperidol pyridinium (RHP+). These pyridinium metabolites were proposed to contribute to the extrapyramidal side effects of haloperidol, because they are structural analogues of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a well-known neurotoxin. RHP+ can be oxidized to HP+ by CYP1A1. In the current study, the oxidation of RHP+ to HP+ was investigated using human placenta microsomal preparations which contain relatively high levels of CYP1A1. METHODS Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes responsible for the metabolism of RHP+ were characterized in vitro using human placenta microsomal preparations from smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS A comparison of the metabolic activities between smokers and non-smokers suggests that smokers had higher activities for the oxidation of RHP+. A selective antibody against CYP1A1 was a partial inhibitor of RHP+ oxidase in placenta from smokers but had no effect in placenta from non-smokers. Furafylline and ketokonazole were shown to be stronger inhibitors of the oxidation of RHP+ to HP+ in liver than in placenta. This seems to indicate important contributions of CYP1A1 and CYP3A7 as compared to CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, respectively, because furafylline and ketokonazole are stronger inhibitors of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 than CYP1A1 and CYP3A7, respectively. Interestingly, α-naphathoflavone enhanced the metabolic activity in liver microsomes due to its activator effect on CYP3A4. On the other hand, α-naphathoflavone partially inhibited the activity in placenta microsomes, indicating a role played by CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 in the oxidation of RHP+ in placenta. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CYP1A1 plays an important role in the oxidation of RHP+ to HP+ in placenta from smokers. CYP3A7 and CYP3A4 could also play important roles in the metabolism of RHP+ in placenta microsomes. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.
A tunable S-band lumped phase shifter based on similar principle of composite right/left handed transmission line

This paper proposed an easier but effective method to realize a tunable 2.4GHz lumped phase shifter employing varactor diode. This method is a revised type of lumped composite right/left handed transmission line(CLRH TL). A practical design using this method was then presented and averred by numeric simulation. The design showed that the tuning can be accomplished by changing one single voltage, which is quite convenient for controlling, and the parasitic inductor of varactor was also handled clever to reduce the complexity.
Quantum Chaotic Reinforcement Learning

A novel learning policy in multi-agent reinforcement learning is presented, trying to find another tradeoff of exploration and exploitation efficiently, It use the output of the classical quantum computer as an input for chaotic dynamics amplifier, The novel amplifier consider the chaotic effect, it can amplify the initial value in polynomial time. It considers the action selection problem and argues that the problem, in principle, can be solved in polynomial time if it combines the quantum computer with the chaotic dynamics amplifier based on the logistic map.
Market Commentaries and Stock Prices in Poland: A Text Mining Approach

From a theoretical point of view, the scope and quality of available information determines the market efficiency and, thus, investors’ decisions. However, an excessive amount of information leads to information overload. In the case of textual data, advanced analytical methods must be applied to identify some regularities and trends within the analysed text corpora. Text mining may be useful in supporting the decision-making process. The paper examines the interdependencies between market commentaries and stock prices. More specifically, it verifies the linguistic characteristics of opinions distributed by institutional investors (investment fund company) and their intertemporal links to the price movements on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The results indicate that: 1) there is no significant linguistic difference between market commentaries written after weeks of relatively low and relatively high rates of returns on the Warsaw Stock Exchange; 2) the linguistic content of selected market commentaries does not have a predictive value for the Polish stock market; 3) commentaries with a one-week time difference linguistically differ less than the commentaries with two or more weeks’ time difference.
Looking Forward and Looking Back

Past events are perceived to be temporally more distant when they are unlikely rather than likely to reoccur in the future. This can be because (a) future events that are unlikely to occur are perceived to be temporally remote and (b) these feelings of remoteness can generalize and influence subjective distance judgments of the events’ occurrences in the past. Six studies confirmed this effect and provided insights into the processes that underlie it. Alternative interpretations and implications of the current findings are discussed.