Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fullerenes in solutions

Phenomena and processes related to the behavior of fullerenes in solutions are reviewed. Data on the solubility of C60 and C70 fullerenes in a large number of solvents at various temperatures are presented as well as on diffusion coefficient of fullerenes in solutions. The relation between the factors controlling the behavior of dissolved fullerenes and the clustering tendency they show is analyzed. This tendency, which sets fullerenes apart from other large molecules, underlies many aspects of fullerene behavior in solutions, such as the recently discovered nonmonotone temperature dependence of fullerene solubility in various solvents, the nonlinear concentration dependence of nonlinear optical susceptibility, the sharp dependence of the color of a fullerene solution on the solution composition (the solvatochromatic effect), the concentration dependence of the heat of solution of fullerenes in organic solvents, etc. Growth mechanisms of fractal clusters in fullerene solutions are analyzed along with similarity laws determining the thermodynamic characteristics of fullerite crystals.
Advances in Experimental Method and Analysis for Estimation of Geometrically-Necessary Dislocations

Advances in experimental methods for determination of the geometricallynecessary dislocation (GND) tensor, based on electron backscattering diffraction, are described. Data are presented for directionally-solidified 99.999% Aluminum possessing a strong columnar texture, with the primary focus being the interactions of the plastic deformation field with grain boundaries. Alternate methods of solving for the GND content are illustrated and compared. Implications of the observations for strain-gradient plasticity theory are discussed.
Classifying component interaction in product-line architectures

This paper describes a set of interaction patterns that were used to facilitate the composition of components in the product-line architecture of a robot control system. The primary purpose of supporting a common set of component interaction patterns in a product-line architecture is to reduce the learning curve of the inner working of the architecture. Interaction patterns provide the means for informal reasoning about the functionality and temporal behavior of components and their interconnections. In addition, it supports increased readability of the architecture diagrams.
PppA, a Surface-Exposed Protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Elicits Cross-Reactive Antibodies That Reduce Colonization in a Murine Intranasal Immunization and Challenge Model

ABSTRACT The multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is effective against both systemic disease and otitis media caused by serotypes contained in the vaccine. However, serotypes not covered by the present conjugate vaccine may still cause pneumococcal disease. To address these serotypes, and the remaining otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, efforts have been devoted to identifying protective protein antigens. Immunity to conserved surface proteins important for adhesion, nutrient acquisition, or other functions could result in a reduction of colonization and a lower disease potential. We have been searching for conserved surface-exposed proteins from S. pneumoniae that may be involved in pathogenesis to test as vaccine candidates. Here, an ∼20-kDa protein that has significant homology to a nonheme iron-containing ferritin protein from Listeria innocua and other bactoferritins was identified as pneumococcal protective protein A (PppA). We expressed and purified recombinant PppA (rPppA) and evaluated its potential as a vaccine candidate. The antibodies elicited by purified rPppA were cross-reactive with PppA from multiple strains of S. pneumoniae and were directed against surface-exposed epitopes. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with PppA protein and either a synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A analog, RC529AF, or a cholera toxin mutant, CT-E29H, used as an adjuvant reduced nasopharyngeal colonization in mice following intranasal challenge with a heterologous pneumococcal strain. PppA-specific systemic and local immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses were induced. The antisera reacted with whole cells of a heterologous S. pneumoniae type 3 strain. These observations indicate that PppA may be a promising candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against pneumococcal otitis media.
Catadioptric sensors that approximate wide-angle perspective projections

We present two families of reflective surfaces that are capable of providing a wide field of view, and yet still approximate a perspective projection to a high degree. These surfaces are derived by considering a plane perpendicular to the axis of a surface of revolution and finding the equations governing the distortion of the image of the plane in this surface. We then view this relation as a differential equation and prescribe the distortion term to be linear. By choosing appropriate initial conditions for the differential equation and solving it numerically, we derive the surface shape and obtain a precise estimate as to what degree the resulting sensor can approximate a perspective projection. Thus these surfaces act as computational sensors, allowing for a wide-angle perspective view of a scene without processing the image in software. The applications of such a sensor should be numerous, including surveillance, robotics and tradition photography.
A high‐resolution molecular atlas of the fetal mouse lower urogenital tract

Epithelial‐stromal interactions in the lower urogenital tract (LUT) are integral to prostatic and seminal vesicle development in males, vaginal and uterine development in females, and urethral development in both sexes. Gene expression profiling of isolated LUT stroma and epithelium has unraveled mechanisms of LUT development, but such studies are confounded by heterogeneous and ill‐defined cell sub‐populations contained within each tissue compartment. We used in situ hybridization to synthesize a high‐resolution molecular atlas of 17‐day post‐coitus fetal mouse LUT. We identified mRNAs that mark selective cell populations of the seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, urethra, and vagina, subdividing these tissues into 16 stromal and 8 epithelial sub‐compartments. These results provide a powerful tool for mapping LUT gene expression patterns and also reveal previously uncharacterized sub‐compartments that may play mechanistic roles in LUT development of which we were previously unaware. Developmental Dynamics 240:2364–2377, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Overlapping Voltammograms of Nitrophenols Combining Genetic Algorithms and Support Vector Machines

This paper suggests a novel method named GA-LSSVM, combines genetic algorithms (GA) and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) techniques to provide a powerful model for improving the regression quality and to enhance the ability to extract characteristic information. Simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric multi-component determination of o-nitro phenol, m-nitro phenol and pnitrophenol was conducted for the first time by using the proposed method. The LS-SVM technique broadens the application of SVM by reducing the computational complexity since only the solution of a set of linear equations is required instead of a quadratic programming problem. Thus, LS-SVM has the capability of solving linear and nonlinear multivariate calibrations in a relatively fast way. Genetic algorithms (GA) introduced are probabilistic optimization techniques based on natural evolution and genetics and Darwin's theory of survival of the best. The GA-LS-SVM method is proven to be successful even when severe overlap of voltammograms existed.
On-road vehicle detection based on effective hypothesis generation

This paper proposes an effective hypothesis generation for detection multi-vehicle using a monocular camera fixed on the host vehicle. In hypothesis generation (HG) step, we use linear model between the distance and vehicle size by using recursive least square. It generates effective image patches and improves the detection performance. In addition, it also reduces the computation time compared with sliding-window approach. In hypothesis verification (HV) step, we use the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In our experiment, Caltech and IR datasets are used. The experimental result shows the improvement of running time and detection performance.
Simulating the Spread of an Epidemic in a Small Rural Kansas Town

Substantial research has been dedicated to simulating the spread of infectious diseases. These simulation models have focused on major urban centers. Rural people have drastically different interaction and travel patterns than urban people. This paper describes a generic simulation package that can simulate the spread of an epidemic on a small rural town. This simulation package is then used to test the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies.
Analyzing Domestic Abuse using Natural Language Processing on Social Media Data

Analyzing Domestic Abuse using Natural Language Processing on Social Media Data J Nicolas Schrading Social media and social networking play a major role in billions of lives. Publicly available posts on websites such as Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and Facebook can contain deeply personal accounts of the lives of users – and the crises they face. Health woes, family concerns, accounts of bullying, and any number of other issues that people face every day are detailed on a massive scale online. Utilizing natural language processing and machine learning techniques, these data can be analyzed to understand societal and public health issues. Expensive surveys need not be conducted with automatic understanding of social media data, allowing faster, cost-effective data collection and analysis that can shed light on sociologically important problems. In this thesis, discussions of domestic abuse in social media are analyzed. The efficacy of classifiers that detect text discussing abuse is examined and computationally extracted characteristics of these texts are analyzed for a comprehensive view into the dynamics of abusive relationships. Analysis
Evidence-based red cell transfusion in the critically ill: Quality improvement using computerized physician order entry*

Objective:The implementation of evidence-based practice poses a significant challenge in the intensive care unit. In this quality improvement intervention we assessed the effect of an institutional protocol and computerized decision support for red cell transfusion in the critically ill. Design:We compared processes of care and outcomes during the two 3-month periods before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary quality improvement intervention. Setting:Multidisciplinary intensive care units—medical, surgical, and mixed—in a tertiary academic center. Patients:Consecutive critically ill patients with anemia (hemoglobin of <10 g/dL). Intervention:Using the computerized provider order entry, we developed an evidence-based decision algorithm for red cell transfusion in adult intensive care units. Measurements and Main Results:We collected information on demographics, diagnosis, severity of illness, transfusion complications, and laboratory values. The main outcome measures were number of transfusions, proportion of patients who were transfused outside evidence-based indications, transfusion complications, and adjusted hospital mortality. The mean number of red cell transfusions per intensive care unit admission decreased from 1.08 ± 2.3 units before to 0.86 ± 2.3 units after the protocol (p<.001). We observed a marked decrease in the percentage of patients receiving inappropriate transfusions (17.7% vs. 4.5%, p< .001). The rate of transfusion complications was also lower in the period after the protocol (6.1% vs. 2.7%, p = .015). In the multivariate analysis, protocol introduction was associated with decreased likelihood of red cell transfusion (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.62). Adjusted hospital mortality did not differ before and after protocol implementation (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.8). Conclusions:The implementation of an institutional protocol and decision support through a computerized provider order entry effectively decreased inappropriate red cell transfusions.
Who's Most at Risk for School Removal and Later Juvenile Delinquency?

Abstract Research on school removal, either through suspension or expulsion, typically focuses on boys who have higher rates of removal than do girls. The present study compares girls to boys on proximal and distal characteristics and outcomes related to this event. Results supported known individual risk factors for school removal such as gender, race, SES, repeating a grade, and early aggressive behaviors which varied across gender by a contextual variable, that of school/community poverty. Regarding more distal risks, school removal differentially impacted later juvenile delinquency as well as early pregnancy and parenting depending on gender and the contextual factor of school/community poverty.
Yak Response to High-Altitude Hypoxic Stress by Altering mRNA Expression and DNA Methylation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-dependent transcriptional activators, which play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and mammalian development, and regulate the transcription of genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. However, information on HIF-1α and HIF-2α in yak (Bos grunniens) is scarce. The complete coding region of yak HIF-2α was cloned, its mRNA expression in several tissues were determined, and the expression levels were compared with those of closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus), and the methylation status of promoter regions were analyzed to better understand the roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in domesticated yak. The yak HIF-2α cDNA was cloned and sequenced in the present work reveals the evolutionary conservation through multiple sequence alignment, although 15 bases changed, resulting in 8 amino acid substitutions in the translated proteins in cattle. The tissue-specific expression results showed that HIF-1α is ubiquitously expressed, whereas HIF-2α expression is limited to endothelial tissues (kidney, heart, lung, spleen, and liver) and blood in yak. Both HIF-1α and HIF-2α expressions were higher in yak tissues than in cattle. The HIF-1α expression level is much higher in yak than cattle in these organs, except for the lung (P < 0.05), but the HIF-2α gene is significantly different in the heart, spleen, and kidney (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the methylation levels in the 5' flanking regulatory regions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in yak kidney were significantly decreased than cattle counterparts (P < 0.05). Identifying these genes and the comparison of different expressions facilitates the understanding of the biological high-altitude hypoxic stress response mechanism and may assist current medical research to understand hypoxia-related diseases.
Estimation of Battery State of Health Using Probabilistic Neural Network

In this study, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used to estimate the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion batteries. The accurate prediction of SOH can help avoid inconveniences or fatal accidents from the sudden malfunction of the battery. A total of 110 pieces of Li-Co batteries are used. Constant current/voltage recharging and constant current discharging are performed for the life-cycle test of the battery. The data obtained from the recharging and discharging electric characteristics as well as the life-cycle test of the battery are used to estimate the SOH of the battery. The test data show that the constant current charging time, the instantaneous voltage drop at the start of discharging, and the open circuit voltage are the most important characteristics for estimating the SOH of the battery. The PNN is trained using 100 pieces of batteries. The remaining 10 pieces are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the PNN training using a number of samples is discussed and analyzed. The results show that the average error of the prediction is 0.28% and the standard deviation is 1.15%. The computation time of the PNN is 62.5 ms. Thus, the proposed method can accurately estimate the SOH of the battery in a short period.
Performance of a previously validated CT colonography computer-aided detection system in a new patient population.

OBJECTIVE A computer-aided detection (CAD) system with high sensitivity in the detection of adenomatous polyps in varied CT colonography (CTC) data sets increases the utility of CAD in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the standalone performance of an existing CAD system with a new set of CTC data from screening patients at an institution and geographic location different from those at which the CAD system was trained. MATERIALS AND METHODS CTC data were collected from the records of 104 patients undergoing screening for colorectal neoplasia. Most of the patients were at average risk, had CTC findings suggestive of polyps, and underwent colonoscopy. Patients underwent cathartic bowel preparation, were given an oral contrast agent, and underwent imaging in the prone and supine positions. The patients had 86 adenomas confirmed at same-day optical colonoscopy; 47 of these tumors were 10 mm in diameter or larger, and 39 measured 6-9 mm. The CTC data were analyzed with an existing CAD system for colonography that was trained with previously acquired data. In a previous non-polyp-enriched screening cohort, the standalone performance of the CAD system was 93.3% (28/30) sensitivity for adenomatous polyps 10 mm or larger, 51.1% (47/92) sensitivity for adenomas 6-9 mm, and a mean false-positive rate of 8.6 per patient. Sensitivity comparisons were made with findings in the previous study. RESULTS The CAD system had per-polyp sensitivities of 91.5% (43/47; 95% CI, 78.7-97.2%; p = 1.0) for adenomas 10 mm or larger and 82.1% (32/39; 65.9-91.9%; p = 0.0009) for adenomas 6-9 mm. The per-patient sensitivities were 97.6% (40/41; 85.6-99.9%; p = 0.6) for patients with adenomas 10 mm or larger and 82.4% (28/34; 64.8-92.6%; p = 0.047) for patients with adenomas 6-9 mm. The mean and median false-positive rates were 9.6 +/- 9.6 and 7.0 per patient, respectively. Common reasons for CAD misses (false-negative findings) were the presence of adherent contrast medium, flat adenomas, and adenomas located on or adjacent to normal colonic folds. In a random sample, 72.5% (29/40) of false-positive findings were attributable to folds or residual feces. CONCLUSION The CAD system evaluated has a high level of performance in the detection of adenomatous polyps with CTC data from a polyp-enriched cohort different from that used to train the system.
What factors influence people's decisions to register for organ donation? The results of a nominal group study

Rates of transplantation from deceased donors remain low, despite high rates of expressed support. We aimed to better understand this mismatch through determining community attitudes regarding willingness to register as organ donors. Participants were recruited from the general public in four Australian states. Using nominal group techniques, participants ranked factors they believed were important when deciding to register as a deceased donor. Thirteen nominal groups with 114 participants were conducted. 24 factors were ranked by three or more groups. The top ten factors were as follows: saving lives, own decision to donate, family opinions, benefit to recipients, process of organ donation, positive media, positive closure, clarity of consent and body dignity. Other factors included: the consent system, religious and cultural beliefs and incentives for donation. Participant age was a potential modifier of responses. Willingness to register as an organ donor is highly influenced by the altruistic motive of saving lives and improving lives for others; this should be harnessed in communication campaigns. Further research on ethical incentives for organ donation and continued efforts to promote support from religious groups may be useful. Many believe the sole right to consent to donation is theirs and not their families; consent policies reflecting this should be explored.
Reconfigurable Robust Hybrid Oscillator Arbiter PUF for IoT Security Based on DL-FET

The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently a main focus of research across disciplines. In a household IoT environment, almost all devices are connected to the internet. In the case of a smart city, most of the city homes and departments are managed through the network. One small security vulnerability is enough to take down an entire city or parts of it. Hence communications should be encrypted. Physical Unclonable Functions are commonly used for this purpose. A PUF key is not stored anywhere thus providing the advantage of secrecy. In the current paper, two designs of a reconfigurable PUF are proposed, a speed optimized reconfigurable hybrid oscillator arbiter PUF and its power optimized counterpart. Both designs can be introduced into two different categories of IoT devices, one where high performance is needed and one with low power consumption. The Hamming distance of the speed optimized and power optimized designs is 47 % and 48 % with power consumption of 167.5 µW and 143.3 µW, respectively.
Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Misuse in a Community-Dwelling Elderly Sample in Brazil

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence and patterns of lifetime alcohol misuse. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 1,078 individuals aged 60 or more. Structured interview included sociodemographic, lifestyle, health data, and the five alcohol misuse screening questions of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of misuse was 6.5%. Men, aged 60 to 69, low educational level, separated/divorced, and tobacco smoking were independently associated with lifetime alcohol misuse. Odds ratios show increasing association with levels of alcohol misuse groups in males, low-educated, and tobacco users. Persons aged 60 to 69, 4 to 7 education years, and non-White ethnicity were significantly associated with the major alcohol misuse score. Discussion: Younger elderly were more exposed to alcohol than previous cohorts. Thus, problems with alcohol in old age will possibly increase as they grow older. The results of this study call attention to a field of lacking evidence in alcohol-related problems of older persons.
A Guaranteed Lifetime Protocol for Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the stringent energy constraint wireless "s, network management cost for lifetime becomes" "sensor node" "one of the crucial issues in designing wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In such situation, guaranteed network lifetime is more preferred than unpredictable pro-long one. However, despite of its importance and necessity in real world deployment, few research works have been proposed to solve this complex problem by ideal approach with the lack of applicability. In this paper, we present a new centralized scheduling mechanism to guarantee network lifetime to a pre-determined time while maintaining k-coverage of network field. In order to guarantee network lifetime, each node are enforced to remain steadfast in the idle state for a known duration of its lifetime. In addition, the scheduling algorithm is extended to provide real-time service by adjusting transmission range according to current energy state of a sensor node. These two core functions are implemented by deciding each nodes role in the next round according to nodes energy consumption and active time history in decision phase. The performance of proposed scheme is compared with well-known A-MAC and MMSPEED protocols in terms of guaranteed lifetime and real-time respectively.