Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Link of Sexual Sensation Seeking to Acceptance of Cybersex, Multiple Sexual Partners, and One-Night Stands Among Taiwanese College Students

Background: Young people in Taiwan have become more liberal and active toward sex. Despite heavy investments of money, time, and effort, sexual education programs have generally lagged expectations. Purpose: Personality traits such as sexual sensation seeking are found to be significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors. This study, therefore, attempts to explore the link of sexual sensation seeking to acceptance by Taiwanese college students of cybersex, multiple sexual partners, and one-night stands. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the multistage cluster sampling method. Five hundred sixteen students recruited from eight universities/colleges in Taiwan participated in this study, and 507 completed the self-report questionnaire. The valid response rate was 98.26%. Results: The results reveal that high-sexual-sensation seekers were more likely than low-sexual-sensation seekers to accept cybersex, multiple sexual partners, and one-night stands. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: This study suggests that the designers of campus-based health prevention campaigns should target campaign messages on high-sexual-sensation seekers using novel, thrilling, and complex messages to achieve safe sex educational campaign goals.
How many people can control a motor imagery based BCI using common spatial patterns?

EEG based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) often use evoked potentials (P300), steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) or motor imagery (MI) for control strategies. This study investigated maximum and mean accuracy of a MI based BCI using Common Spatial Patterns (CSP). Twenty healthy people participated in the study and were equipped with 64 active EEG electrodes. They performed a training paradigm with 160 trials by imagining either left or right hand movement to set up a subject specific CSP filter to spatially filter the EEG data. Following that, two real-time runs with 80 trials were performed, which provided feedback to the subject. The real-time accuracy was then calculated for every subject, and finally a grand average accuracy of 80.7% was reached for the 20 subjects. One person reached a perfect classification result of 100%, 30% performed above 90% and one was below 59%. The results show that most people can use a MI based BCI after a brief training time if CSPs with 64 active electrodes are used. The method of CSP yields clearly better classification results compared to a bandpower approach. While more electrodes are needed for classification, this is less of a disadvantage with modern active electrodes.
Intelligence and Intelligence Testing

Chapter 1. What is Intelligence? Chapter 2. The Brief and Sometimes Dirty History of Intelligence and IQ Tests Chapter 3. Why Do We Care About Intelligence? Chapter 4. The Measurement of Intelligence Chapter 5. The Development of an IQ Test Chapter 6. Test the Nation: The New Zealand IQ Test Television Show Chapter 7. Profile of a Nation Chapter 8. The Future of Intelligence Appendix 1. Where to Find Out More about Intelligence Snippets About Intelligence
Effects of Imagined Social Rejection and Acceptance across Varying Relationships.

Previous research (Tesser, Millar, & Moore, 1988) has shown that being close to one’s rejecter intensifies negative outcomes associated with rejection. Other research, however, has shown that people’s fundamental needs are threatened equally when they are ostracized by in-group members or despised groups (i.e., KKK members; Gonsalkorale & Williams, 2007), suggesting that perhaps acceptance by close others may not differ from acceptance by strangers. In this study, we examined the effects of imagined rejection and acceptance across varying degrees of relationship intensity (close other, acquaintance, or stranger). Participants who imagined being rejected by a close other reported higher depressed mood than those who imagined being rejected by an acquaintance or by a stranger and more hurt feelings than those who imagined being rejected by a stranger. Interestingly, those who imagined being accepted by a close other reported higher anxiety than those imagining being accepted by an acquaintance or stranger. Imagined Rejection/Acceptance 3
RNA polymerase III transcription is repressed in response to the tumour suppressor ARF

The tumour suppressor protein ARF provides a defence mechanism against hyperproliferative stresses that can result from the aberrant activation of oncogenes. Accordingly, ARF is silenced or deleted in many human cancers. Activation of ARF can arrest growth and cell cycle progression, or trigger apoptosis. A principle mediator of these effects is p53, which ARF stabilizes by binding and inhibiting MDM2. However, ARF has additional targets and remains able to block growth in the absence of p53, albeit less efficiently. For example, ARF can suppress rRNA production in a p53-independent manner. We have found that the synthesis of tRNA by RNA polymerase III is also inhibited in response to ARF. However, in contrast to its effects on rRNA synthesis, ARF is unable to inhibit tRNA gene transcription when p53 is ablated. These results add to the growing list of cellular changes that can be triggered by ARF induction.
Predictive Value of Noninvasive Measures of Atherosclerosis for Incident Myocardial Infarction: The Rotterdam Study

Background—Several noninvasive methods are available to investigate the severity of extracoronary atherosclerotic disease. No population-based study has yet examined whether differences exist between these measures with regard to their predictive value for myocardial infarction (MI) or whether a given measure of atherosclerosis has predictive value independently of the other measures. Methods and Results—At the baseline (1990–1993) examination of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study among subjects age ≥55 years, carotid plaques and intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by ultrasound, abdominal aortic atherosclerosis by x-ray, and lower-extremity atherosclerosis by computation of the ankle-arm index. In the present study, 6389 subjects were included; 258 cases of incident MI occurred before January 1, 2000. All 4 measures of atherosclerosis were good predictors of MI independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Hazard ratios were equally high for carotid plaques (1.83 [1.27 to 2.62], severe versus no atherosclerosis), carotid IMT (1.95 [1.19 to 3.19]), and aortic atherosclerosis (1.94 [1.30 to 2.90]) and slightly lower for lower-extremity atherosclerosis (1.59 [1.05 to 2.39]), although differences were small. The hazard ratio for MI for subjects with severe atherosclerosis according to a composite atherosclerosis score was 2.77 (1.70 to 4.52) compared with subjects with no atherosclerosis. The predictive value of MI for a given measure of atherosclerosis was independent of the other atherosclerosis measures. Conclusions—Noninvasive measures of extracoronary atherosclerosis are strong predictors of MI. The relatively crude measures directly assessing plaques in the carotid artery and abdominal aorta predict MI equally well as the more precisely measured carotid IMT.
What's Outside the Black Box?: The Status of Behavioral Outcomes in Neuroscience Research

Kievit et al.'s target paper exemplifies a trend in recent years in psychology and neuroscience to focus on internal mental and neural processes without integrating actual behavior. We discuss the theoretical status of behavior in the context of their model, and present an extension of the model that explicitly includes behavior. Several theoretical and methodological issues relevant to integrating behavior into the model are considered, particularly the distinction between behavior as measured in the laboratory along with neural and psychological processes (proximal behavior) and behavior as measured in situ as part of ongoing daily experience (distal behavior). We conclude by describing several studies that integrate neural, psychological, and behavioral indicators and discuss how these kinds of studies can facilitate a better understanding of behavior and contribute to theory development.
The relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, white matter integrity, and cognitive function in older adulthood

White matter in the brain supports higher-order cognitive processes by facilitating signal transmission between diverse cortical regions. White matter integrity declines with advancing age, leading to impairments in memory and executive processes in older adulthood. Recent research suggests that higher-fit older adults may be less susceptible to white matter degeneration, although evidence for this relationship is limited. Here we examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with white matter integrity and whether this relationship further predicts cognitive performance in a large, older adult sample. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to determine microstructural white matter integrity in a group of 113 (mean age = 66.61) neurologically healthy adults. Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2), working memory, and executive function were also collected. Using a whole-brain voxelwise analysis, we found that higher fitness levels predicted greater white matter integrity in multiple fiber pathways. We explored this relationship further using a region of interest approach, and found that higher fitness was associated with greater microstructural integrity in the anterior internal capsule and corona radiata, which contain fibers that project from subcortical to prefrontal structures. Further, statistical mediation analysis revealed that white matter integrity within the anterior internal capsule and corona radiata mediated the relationship between fitness and spatial working memory performance. Results suggest that higher levels of aerobic fitness may protect against age-related declines in white matter integrity, which may, in turn, preserve memory performance in older adulthood.
Removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation P .

In the present study electrocoagulation (EC) has been evaluated as a treatment technology for arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal from water. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted with three electrode materials namely, iron, aluminum and titanium to assess their efficiency. Arsenic removal obtained was highest with iron electrodes. EC was able to bring down aqueous phase arsenic concentration to less than 10 lg l 1 with iron electrodes. Current density was varied from 0.65 to 1.53 mAcm 2 and it was observed that higher current density achieved rapid arsenic removal. Experimental results at different current densities indicated that arsenic removal was normalized with respect to total charge passed and therefore charge density has been used to compare the results. Effect of pH on arsenic removal was not significant in the pH range 6–8. Comparative evaluation of As(III) and As(V) removal by chemical coagulation (with ferric chloride) and electrocoagulation has been done. The comparison revealed that EC has better removal efficiency for As(III), whereas As(V) removal by both processes was nearly same. The removal mechanism of As(III) by EC seems to be oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and subsequent removal by adsorption/complexation with metal hydroxides generated in the process.
Intelligent Tracking Control for a Class of Uncertain High-Order Nonlinear Systems

This brief is concerned with the problem of intelligent tracking control for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with completely unknown nonlinearities. An intelligent adaptive control algorithm is presented by combining the adaptive backstepping technique with the neural networks' approximation ability. It is shown that the practical output tracking performance of the system is achieved using the proposed state-feedback controller under two mild assumptions. In particular, by introducing a parameter in the derivations, the tracking error between the time-varying target signal and the output can be reduced via tuning the controller design parameters. Moreover, in order to solve the problem of overparameterization, which is a common issue in adaptive control design, a controller with one adaptive law is also designed. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical approaches and the potential of the proposed new design techniques.
Associations Between ERCC2 Polymorphisms and Gliomas 1

Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D/excision repair cross-complementing in rodents 2 ( ERCC2 ) encodes a protein that is part of the nucleotide excision repair pathway and the transcription factor IIH transcription complex. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause three distinct clinical diseases including xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. Several ERCC2 polymorphisms, the effects of which on gene function are not known, have been described. To investigate whether constitutive sequence variations might be associated with adult onset gliomas, blood specimens from a case-control study (187 cases and 169 controls) were genotyped for seven previously described polymorphisms (R156R, I199M, H201Y, D312N, A575A, D711D, and K751Q). A novel R616C polymorphism was also identified. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to be homozygous for the silent AA variant at codon 156 (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–4.2). Although this was observed for patients in each of three histological subgroups of cases, (glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, and oligoastrocytoma) compared with controls, the association was strongest for patients with oligoastrocytoma 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–9.5).
SaLSa: computing the skyline without scanning the whole sky

Skyline queries compute the set of Pareto-optimal tuples in a relation, ie those tuples that are not dominated by any other tuple in the same relation. Although several algorithms have been proposed for efficiently evaluating skyline queries, they either require to extend the relational server with specialized access methods (which is not always feasible) or have to perform the dominance tests on all the tuples in order to determine the result. In this paper we introduce SaLSa (Sort and Limit Skyline algorithm), which exploits the sorting machinery of a relational engine to order tuples so that only a subset of them needs to be examined for computing the skyline result. This makes SaLSa particularly attractive when skyline queries are executed on top of systems that do not understand skyline semantics or when the skyline logic runs on clients with limited power and/or bandwidth.
Multi-perspective stereoscopy from light fields

This paper addresses stereoscopic view generation from a light field. We present a framework that allows for the generation of stereoscopic image pairs with per-pixel control over disparity, based on multi-perspective imaging from light fields. The proposed framework is novel and useful for stereoscopic image processing and post-production. The stereoscopic images are computed as piecewise continuous cuts through a light field, minimizing an energy reflecting prescribed parameters such as depth budget, maximum disparity gradient, desired stereoscopic baseline, and so on. As demonstrated in our results, this technique can be used for efficient and flexible stereoscopic post-processing, such as reducing excessive disparity while preserving perceived depth, or retargeting of already captured scenes to various view settings. Moreover, we generalize our method to multiple cuts, which is highly useful for content creation in the context of multi-view autostereoscopic displays. We present several results on computer-generated content as well as live-action content.
Truthfulness and Relevance in Telling The Time

Someone asked 'What time is it? ' when her watch reads 3:08 is likely to answer 'It is 3:10. ' We argue that a fundamental factor that explains such rounding is a psychological disposition to give an answer that, while not necessarily strictly truthful or accurate, is an optimally relevant one (in the sense of relevance theory) i.e. an answer from which hearers can derive the consequences they care about with minimal effort. A rounded answer is easier to process and may carry the same consequences as one that is accurate to the minute. Hence rounding is often a way of optimising relevance. Three simple experiments give support and greater precision to the view that relevance is more important than strict truthfulness in verbal communication.
A longitudinal study of higher-order thinking skills: working memory and fluid reasoning in childhood enhance complex problem solving in adolescence

Scientists have studied the development of the human mind for decades and have accumulated an impressive number of empirical studies that have provided ample support for the notion that early cognitive performance during infancy and childhood is an important predictor of later cognitive performance during adulthood. As children move from childhood into adolescence, their mental development increasingly involves higher-order cognitive skills that are crucial for successful planning, decision-making, and problem solving skills. However, few studies have employed higher-order thinking skills such as complex problem solving (CPS) as developmental outcomes in adolescents. To fill this gap, we tested a longitudinal developmental model in a sample of 2,021 Finnish sixth grade students (M = 12.41 years, SD = 0.52; 1,041 female, 978 male, 2 missing sex). We assessed working memory (WM) and fluid reasoning (FR) at age 12 as predictors of two CPS dimensions: knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. We further assessed students’ CPS performance 3 years later as a developmental outcome (N = 1696; M = 15.22 years, SD = 0.43; 867 female, 829 male). Missing data partly occurred due to dropout and technical problems during the first days of testing and varied across indicators and time with a mean of 27.2%. Results revealed that FR was a strong predictor of both CPS dimensions, whereas WM exhibited only a small influence on one of the two CPS dimensions. These results provide strong support for the view that CPS involves FR and, to a lesser extent, WM in childhood and from there evolves into an increasingly complex structure of higher-order cognitive skills in adolescence.
Immunochemical localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the symbiont-containing gills of Solemya velum (Bivalvia: Mollusca).

The distribution of the Calvin cycle enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RbuP(2)Case; EC 4.1. 1.39) was examined by using two immunological methods in tissues of Solemya velum, an Atlantic coast bivalve containing putative chemoautotrophic symbionts. Antibodies elicited by the purified large subunit of RbuP(2)Case from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cross-reacted on immunoblots with a protein of similar molecular mass occurring in extracts of the symbiont-containing gill tissue of S. velum. No cross-reactivity was detected in symbiont-free tissue extracts. The antiserum also cross-reacted in immunoblots with proteins of Thiobacillus neapolitanus, a free-living sulfuroxidizing chemoautotroph whose RbuP(2)Case has been well characterized. In protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy studies, this antiserum consistently labeled the symbionts but not surrounding host gill tissue, indicating that the symbionts are responsible for the RbuP(2)Case activity.
Frequency and Characteristics of Side Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy

Study Design. A prospective clinic‐based survey. Objectives. To study the type, frequency, and characteristics of unpleasant side effects after spinal manipulative therapy. Summary of Background Data. Spinal manipulative therapy is a commonly used treatment, but there is little knowledge of its side effects. Methods. Information regarding unpleasant reactions after spinal manipulative therapy was collected after 4712 treatments on 1058 new patients by 102 Norwegian chiropractors (response rate, 70%) through structured interviews. Results. At least one reaction was reported by 55% of the patients some time during the course of a maximum of six treatments. Of the reported reactions, the most common were local discomfort (53%), headache (12%), tiredness (11%), or radiating discomfort (10%). Reactions were mild or moderate in 85% of patients. Sixty‐four percent of reactions appeared within 4 hours of treatment, and 74% had disappeared within 24 hours. Uncommon reactions were dizziness, nausea, hot skin, or "other" complaints, each accounting for 5% or less of reactions. It was unusual that symptoms commenced later than on the day of or the day after treatment, were of long duration (not gone at the latest on the day after onset), described as severe, or that they resulted in reduced activities of daily living. There were no reports of serious complications in this study. Conclusions. Profiles now are described of common and uncommon reactions to spinal manipulative therapy and their latency, duration, and severity.
Increased Thymic Cell Turnover under Boron Stress May Bypass TLR3/4 Pathway in African Ostrich

Previous studies revealed that thymus is a targeted immune organ in malnutrition, and high-boron stress is harmful for immune organs. African ostrich is the living fossil of ancient birds and the food animals in modern life. There is no report about the effect of boron intake on thymus of ostrich. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of excessive boron stress on ostrich thymus and the potential role of TLR3/4 signals in this process. Histological analysis demonstrated that long-term boron stress (640 mg/L for 90 days) did not disrupt ostrich thymic structure during postnatal development. However, the numbers of apoptotic cells showed an increased tendency, and the expression of autophagy and proliferation markers increased significantly in ostrich thymus after boron treatment. Next, we examined the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 with their downstream molecular in thymus under boron stress. Since ostrich genome was not available when we started the research, we first cloned ostrich TLR3 TLR4 cDNA from thymus. Ostrich TLR4 was close to white-throated Tinamou. Whole avian TLR4 codons were under purify selection during evolution, whereas 80 codons were under positive selection. TLR3 and TLR4 were expressed in ostrich thymus and bursa of fabricius as was revealed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). TLR4 expression increased with age but significantly decreased after boron treatment, whereas TLR3 expression showed the similar tendency. Their downstream molecular factors (IRF1, JNK, ERK, p38, IL-6 and IFN) did not change significantly in thymus, except that p100 was significantly increased under boron stress when analyzed by qRT-PCR or western blot. Taken together, these results suggest that ostrich thymus developed resistance against long-term excessive boron stress, possibly by accelerating intrathymic cell death and proliferation, which may bypass the TLR3/4 pathway. In addition, attenuated TLRs activity may explain the reduced inflammatory response to pathogens under boron stress.