Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
False Memories and Semantic Lexicon Arrangement

A description of semantic lexicon arrangement is a central goal in examinations of language processing. There are a number of ways in which this description has been cast and a host of different mechanisms in place for providing operational descriptions (e.g., feature sharing, category membership, associations, and co-occurrences). We first review two views of the structure of semantic space and then describe an experiment that attempts to adjudicate between these two views. The use of a false memory paradigm provides us with evidence that supports the notion that the semantic lexicon is arranged more by association than by categories or features.
Comparative and International Corporate Governance

In this article, we examine the state of the art in comparative and international corporate governance by identifying the key research questions, main concepts, and paradigms of explanations of cross-country diversity in corporate governance. First, we discuss the multiple definitions of corporate governance across disciplines and explore how this multi-dimensional nature of corporate governance posses challenges when making cross-national comparisons. Second, we review existing comparative research on corporate governance and highlight some of the main characteristics of comparative analysis. Third, we analyze how comparative corporate governance has been understood from four different scholarly perspectives: economics and management, culture and sociology, legal, and political paradigms. We conclude from this third section that future research should make an effort to
Soft tissue volume augmentation at dental implant sites using a volume stable three‐dimensional collagen matrix – histological outcomes of a preclinical study

AIM The aim of this study was to test whether or not soft tissue augmentation with a collagen matrix (VCMX) leads to a similar increase in ridge width around dental implants compared to the use of an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 12 dogs, immediate dental implants were placed with simultaneous guided bone regeneration. Three months later, soft tissue volume augmentation was performed by randomly allocating three treatment modalities to these sites [VCMX, SCTG, sham-operated group (control)]. Dogs were sacrificed at 1 (n = 4), 2 (n = 4) or 6 months (n = 4). Descriptive histology and histomorphometric measurements for soft tissue thickness were performed on non-decalcified sections. RESULTS The horizontal soft tissue thickness was maximal at the most coronal level (alveolar crest) at 1 month (VCMX: 2.1 ± 1.6 mm; SCTG: 2.5 ± 1.7 mm; p = 0.877) and decreased until 6 months. At 6 months, the greatest mucosal thickness was at a level 3.5 mm below the crest (VCMX: 0.8 ± 0.3 mm; SCTG: 0.7 ± 0.2 mm) (p = 0.754). Control sites revealed no relevant soft tissue augmentation at any level and any time-point. Tissue integration for VCMX and SCTG were favourable with minimal inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue volume augmentation at implant sites was obtained to a similar extent using VCMX and SCTG up to 2 months. Thereafter, degradation and remodelling processes were enhanced leading to a minimal increase in soft tissue thickness at 6 months for VCMX and SCTG.
Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients With Coexisting Long-Term Conditions in Primary Care Settings

Abstract Hypertension is a typical example of long-term disease posing formidable challenges to health care. One goal of antihypertensive therapy is to achieve optimal blood pressure (BP) control and reduce co-occurring chronic conditions (multimorbidity). This study aimed to assess the influence of multimorbidity on medication adherence, and to explore the association between poor BP control and multimorbidity, with implications for hypertension management. A cross-sectional design with multistage sampling was adopted to recruit Chinese hypertensive patients attending general out-patient clinics from 3 geographic regions in Hong Kong. A modified systemic sampling methodology with 1 patient as a sampling unit was used to recruit consecutive samples in each general out-patient clinic. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a standardized protocol. Poor BP control was defined as having systolic BP/diastolic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease; and ≥140/90 mm Hg for others. Medication adherence was assessed by a validated Chinese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. A simple unweighted enumeration was adopted to measure the combinations of coexisting long-term conditions. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted with medication adherence and multimorbidity as outcome variables, respectively, after controlling for effects of patient-level covariates. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 47.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 45.4%–49.4%) among a total of 2445 hypertensive patients. The proportion of subjects having 0, 1, and ≥2 additional long-term conditions was 52.6%, 29.1%, and 18.3%, respectively. The overall rate of poor adherence to medication was 46.6%, whereas the rate of suboptimal BP control was 48.7%. Albeit the influence of multimorbidity on medication adherence was not found to be statistically significant, patients with poorly controlled BP were more likely to have multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.70–2.53, P < 0.001). Diabetes was the most prevalent concomitant long-term condition among hypertensive patients with poor BP control (38.6%, 95% CI 35.8–41.4 vs 19.7%, 95% CI 17.5–21.9 for patients with good BP control, P < 0.001). Multimorbidity was common among hypertensive patients, and was associated with poor BP control. Subjects with coexisting diabetes, heart disease, or chronic kidney disorder should receive more clinical attention to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Framing of asylum seekers in Dutch regional newspapers

The research literature indicates five recurrent frames in news reporting: conflict, human interest, economic consequences, morality and responsibility. Our central research question is: how does news reporting on asylum seekers in four Dutch regional newspapers reflect these frames? The latter are published in places where the inhabitants' reactions to the establishing of an asylum seekers' centre in their neighbourhoods varied from positive to negative. We expect this difference in attitude to be reflected in the reporting. On the one hand we assume that wherever people adopt a more negative attitude, the regional media will emphasize the conflict and the economic consequences. On the other hand we suspect that a positive attitude on behalf of the inhabitants will lead to a more human and moralistic accent in the reporting. Notwithstanding some differences, the human interest frame is most strongly evident in all the newspapers, with the attitude of the population making very little difference.
To lie or not to lie? The influence of parenting and theory-of-mind understanding on three-year-old children’s honesty

Prior studies have demonstrated that social-cognitive factors such as children’s false-belief understanding and parenting style are related to children’s lie-telling behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate how earlier forms of theory-of-mind understanding contribute to children’s lie-telling as well as how parenting practices are related to children’s antisocial lie-telling behaviors (rather than prosocial lie-telling as examined in previous studies). Seventy-three three-year-olds from Hangzhou, P. R. China were asked not to peek at a toy in the experimenter’s absence. The majority of children who peeked, lied about it. Children’s lies were positively related to performance on the knowledge-ignorance theory-of-mind task. Additionally, Control parenting, characterized by high levels of monitoring and demanding, unquestioning obedience, was negatively related to three-year-olds’ lying. The relation between Control parenting and lie-telling was partially mediated by children’s theory-of-mind understanding. These findings suggest that children’s early lie-telling behaviors are influenced by social and social-cognitive factors.
Work-family conflict and job withdrawal intentions: The moderating effect of cultural differences

This study examined the interactive effects of individual cultural orientation with work-family conflict on employees' job withdrawal intentions. Using a sample of 394 employees from the banking sector in the United States and China, the authors found that work interfering with family (WIF) was more positively related to job withdrawal intentions among individuals scoring high on idiocentrism. It is interesting to note that the authors (unexpectedly) found that family interfering with work (FIW) was more positively related to job withdrawal intentions for those scoring high on allocentrism or low on idiocentrism. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Undercover, masquerading, surreptitious taping

The moral dimensions of undercover investigations by reporters are explored for their deception characteristics, using disclosures about a clinic in which doctors told women they were pregnant when they were not as an example. Three test questions are posed for the justifying of deceptive tactics in gathering information. In addition to undercover investigations, the morality of surreptitious taping is also discussed.
Modeling Net Ecosystem Exchange for Grassland in Central Kazakhstan by Combining Remote Sensing and Field Data

Carbon sequestration was estimated in a semi-arid grassland region in Central Kazakhstan using an approach that integrates remote sensing, field measurements and meteorological data. Carbon fluxes for each pixel of 1 × 1 km were calculated as a product of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and its fraction absorbed by vegetation (fPAR), the light use efficiency (LUE) and ecosystem respiration (Re). The PAR is obtained from a mathematical model incorporating Earth-Sun distance, solar inclination, solar elevation angle, geographical position and cloudiness information of localities. The fPAR was measured in field using hemispherical photography and was extrapolated to each pixel by combination with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained by the Vegetation instrument on board the Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terra (SPOT) satellite. Gross Primary Production (GPP) of the aboveground and belowground vegetation of 14 sites along a 230 km west-east transect within the study region were determined at the peak of growing season in different land cover types and linearly related to the amount of PAR absorbed by vegetation (APAR). The product of this relationship is LUE = 0.61 and 0.97 g C/MJ APAR for short grassland and steppe, respectively. The Re is estimated using complex models driven by climatic data. Growing season carbon sequestration was calculated for the modelling year of 2004. Overall, the short grassland was a net carbon sink, whereas the steppe was carbon neutral. The evaluation of the modelled carbon sequestration against independent reference data sets proved high accuracy of the estimations.
Dynascope: a tool for program directing

This paper introduces program directing, a new way of program interaction. Directing enables one program, the director, to monitor and to control another program, the executor. One important application of program directing is human interaction with complex computer simulations. The Dynascope programming environment is designed specifically to support directing in traditional, compiled languages. It provides a framework and building blocks for easy construction of sophisticated directors. Directors are regular programs that perform the directing of executors through Dynascope primitives. Dynascope is built around the concept of the execution stream which provides a complete description of the executor's computational behavior. The source code of executors requires no changes in order to be subjected to directing. This paper gives an overview of the Dynascope system. Sample applications are presented: debugging register allocation, animation of procedure calls, and a complex artificial life simulation. The performance of Dynascope is illustrated by real time measurements.
A liveness detection method for face recognition based on optical flow field

It is a common spoof to use a photograph to fool face recognition algorithm. In light of differences in optical flow fields generated by movements of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional objects, we proposed a new liveness detection method for face recognition. Under the assumption that the test region is a two-dimensional plane, we can obtain a reference field from the actual optical flow field data. Then the degree of differences between the two fields can be used to distinguish between a three-dimensional face and a two-dimensional photograph. Empirical study shows that the proposed approach is both feasible and effective.
The Developmental Neurobiology of Brain Connectivity in Schizophrenia

textabstractMuch work over the past two decades supports the concept that schizophrenia involves a disruption in the orchestration of the multiple neural networks that participate in higher cognitive functions. The connectivity between neural networks arising during normal development is potentially disrupted, leading to the recruitment of either inappropriate regions for task execution, or alternatively, alters the processing requirements in expected regions. For example, studies utilizing both glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), SPECT, and H2O15 PET have demonstrated hypofrontality in the dorslolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on tasks of executive function. Additionally, studies utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which measures the coherence of neuronal fiber tracts, have shown a decrease in the coherence of white matter tracts in schizophrenia. This is presumed to be additional evidence for disrupted connectivity in schizophrenia.
The plant hormone indoleacetic acid induces invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fungi must recognize plant-specific signals to initiate subsequent morphogenetic events such as filamentation that lead to infection. Here we show that the plant hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) induces adhesion and filamentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome expression profiling of cells treated with IAA identified Yap1, a fungal specific transcription factor, as a key mediator of this response. Strains lacking YAP1 (yap1-1) are hypersensitive to growth on IAA because they accumulate more IAA than can wild type. Members of a family of transporters the amino acid/auxin:proton symport permeases with homology to AUX1, a putative IAA transporter from plants, are up-regulated in the yap1-1 mutant. Deletion of any one of these transporters makes yap1-1 mutants more resistant to IAA by decreasing its uptake. The permease mutants are defective in IAA perception and filamentation. The ability of a fungus to perceive a plant hormone that causes it to differentiate into an invasive form has important implications for plant–pathogen interactions.
A Multimethod Multilevel Study of Heritage Transmission

The objective of this research is to explore cultural heritage transmission by means of documentary films. Based on a mixed-methods approach, the results suggest that there is a predominant stereotype of cultural heritage being portrayed by the media. A distinction between staged and genuine authenticity from the stakeholder perspective is also revealed. The results further indicate a cross-level linkage between national culture, tourist cultural interest, authenticity sought, and cultural motives. By using the hierarchical linear modeling approach, this research reveals cross-level mediation and moderation from the cultural level on the individual level. This study advances the literature by understanding the critical role of national cultural origin on tourist interest and the degree of authenticity that tourists seek, as well as on their cultural heritage motives and consumption patterns. It suggests a cultural divide in heritage tourism and shows that culture can be a barrier or a facilitator of mindfulness.
ProB gets Nauty: Effective Symmetry Reduction for B and Z Models

Symmetry reduction holds great promise to counter the state explosion problem. However, currently it is "conducting a life on the fringe ", and is not widely applied, mainly due to the restricted applicability of many of the techniques. In this paper we propose a symmetry reduction technique applied to high-level formal specification languages (B and Z). Not only does symmetry arise naturally in most models, it can also be exploited without restriction by our method. This method translates states of a formal model into directed graphs, and then uses graph canonicalisation to detect symmetries. We use the tool NAUTY to efficiently perform graph canonicalisation, which we have interfaced with the model checker ProB. In this paper we present the general technique, show how states can be translated first into vertex-coloured graphs suitable for NAUTY. We present empirical results, showing the effectiveness of our method as well as analysing the cost of graph canonicalisation.
A high frequency integral equation method for analyzing electromagnetic scattering from large faceted bodies

A novel method for the efficient and rigorous solution of electromagnetic scattering problems from 2D-faceted conducting bodies is introduced. In particular, the electric field integral equation (EFIE) is solved by resorting to analytically-derived basis functions that preserve some of the desired features of the high-frequency solutions, The sub-domains where the basis functions are defined can be electrically large, not being bound to the typical discretization size of the conventional method of moments (MoM). By properly weighting the resulting EFIE through a Galerkin procedure, the problem is reduced to a matrix equation whose dimensions do not depend on the size of the scatterer but only on its shape. The proposed method, namely high frequency integral equation (HFIE) method, is able to handle electrically large problems in a computationally efficient manner, both in terms of time and memory. The HFIE method yields good results both for open and closed bodies.
Neural AILC for Error Tracking Against Arbitrary Initial Shifts

This paper concerns with the adaptive iterative learning control using neural networks for systems performing repetitive tasks over a finite time interval. Two standing issues of such iterative learning control processes are addressed: one is the initial condition problem and the other is that related to the approximation error. Instead of the state tracking, an error tracking approach is proposed to tackle the problem arising from arbitrary initial shifts. The desired error trajectory is prespecified at the design stage, suitable to different tracking tasks. The initial value of the desired error trajectory for each cycle is required to be the same as that of the actual error trajectory. It is just a requirement for the initial value of the desired error trajectory, but does not pose any requirement for the initial value of the actual error trajectory. It is shown that the actual error trajectory is adjustable and is able to converge to a prespecified neighborhood of the origin, while all variables of the closed-loop system are of uniform boundedness. The robustness improvement in case of nonzero approximation error is made possible due to the use of a deadzone modified Lyapunov functional. The resultant estimation for the bound of the approximation error avoids deterioration in tracking performance. The effectiveness of the designed learning controller is validated through an illustrative example.
The Impact of School Bullying on Adolescents' Psychosocial Resources and Help-Seeking Intentions

School bullying has been recognised as having a major impact on mental health. Bullied students are often encouraged to seek help from others, but research indicates that adolescents experiencing problems tend not to ask for help. This study examines whether being bullied depletes psychological and social resources such that those who are bullied have lower intentions to seek help with this problem. Students (169 females, 153 males) from a large public high school in Australia completed a questionnaire assessing bullying prevalence, help-seeking and associated psychosocial factors. The results showed that being bullied was associated with poorer psychological health, fewer social resources and lower help-seeking intentions from informal sources (friends and family). The association between being bullied and low help-seeking intentions was explained principally by fewer social resources. All students indicated they were unlikely to seek help from formal sources (teachers, mental health workers, etc). Anti-bullying interventions should account for the negative psychological and social consequences of bullying, and the reluctance to seek help from formal sources.
Breast Cancer Cell Line Classification and Its Relevance with Breast Tumor Subtyping

Breast cancer cell lines have been widely used for breast cancer modelling which encompasses a panel of diseases with distinct phenotypical associations. Though cell lines provide unlimited homogenous materials for tumor studies and are relatively easy to culture, they are known to accumulate mutations duringthe initial establishment and subsequent series of cultivations. Thus, whether breast cancer cell line heterogeneity reflects that of carcinoma remains an important issue to resolve before drawing any reliable conclusion at the tumor level using cell lines. Inconsistent nomenclatures used for breast cancer cell line subtyping and the different number of subtypes grouped for cell lines and tumors make their direct matching elusive. By analyzing the molecular features of 92 breast cancer cell lines as documented by different literatures, we categorize 84 cell lines into 5 groups to be consistent with breast tumor classification. After combing through these cell lines, we summarized the molecular features, genetically and epigenetically, of each subtype, and manually documented 10 cell lines lacking explicit information on subtyping. Nine cell lines, either found inconsistent on their primary molecular features from different studies or being contaminated at the origin, are not suggested as the first choice for experimental use. We conclude that breast tumor cell lines, though having a high mutational frequency with many uncertainties and could not fully capture breast cancer heterogeneity, are feasible but crude models for tumors of the same subtype. New cell lines with enriched interferon regulated genes need to be established to enlarge the coverage of cell lines on tumor heterogeneity.
Performance analysis of dual-hop amplify-and-forward systems with multiple antennas and interference at the relay

This paper investigates the performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying system with co-channel interference at the relay. The source node is equipped with multiple antennas and adopts the space-time block code to increase the diversity gain. Both the outage probability and the bit error rate in the presence of multiple Rayleigh fading interferers are obtained in closed-form. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical derivations.