Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Interleaved Two-Beam Array With Stable Radiation Pattern Based on Filtering Elements

This paper presents a compact dual-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array with dual polarizations and two beams for base-station applications. It consists of two <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4{\times}4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subarrays operating at 3G (1710–2170 MHz) and long term evolution (2490–2690 MHz) bands. For size miniaturization, the elements of the two <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subarrays are interleaved with each other. The mutual coupling between the elements operating at different bands is suppressed by using filtering antennas with out-of-band radiation suppression. And the spacing between them can be decreased, resulting in array miniaturization. To obtain stable two-beam radiation patterns within the two operating bands, the beam-forming networks with little magnitude and phase imbalances are specially designed for each band. For demonstration, the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array is implemented. In the measurement, the array exhibits stable 10-dB beamwidth around 120° in the azimuth plane within the two entire bands. As a result, the two-beam radiation patterns satisfy the coverage requirement of 120° in the azimuth plane for base-station applications. Additionally, 16.4 dBi/15.5 dBi peak gains and around −10 dB cross levels at the junction of two beams are achieved within the two operating bands. Compared with typical industrial products, the proposed array features both compact size and stable radiation patterns. Moreover, the proposed method can easily be extended to multibeam base-station array designs.
Praktikute-õppejõudude õpetamisarusaamad rakenduskõrgkoolis

Rakenduskorgkoolides tahtsustatakse uha enam oppejoudude voimet opetada nii, et oppijatel kujuneksid seosed teooria ja praktika vahel. Seoste loomine on vajalik, et oppijad suudaksid edasises kutsetoos lahtuda toenduspohistest teadmistest. Selleks kaasatakse oppetoosse kutseala praktikuid, kellelt oodatakse nii erialast asjatundlikkust, kutsealal tootamise kogemust kui ka teadlikkust oppimisest ja opetamisest. Siinse uurimuse eesmark on kirjeldada opetamise tahendust rakenduskorgkoolides opetavate praktikute jaoks ja nende opetamisarusaamu. Uurimuse andmed koguti 15 praktikult-oppejoult, kasutades meetodina poolstruktureeritud intervjuud. Uurimistulemuste kohaselt vaartustavad praktikud-oppejoud opetamist korgkoolis kui voimalust kutseala arendada ja kogemusi jagada. Praktikute-oppejoudude opetamisarusaamad valjenduvad peamiselt oppejoukesksete tegevuste kirjelduste kaudu. Opetamisarusaamad osutavad praktikute-oppejoudude vajadusele keskenduda oppeaine sisule, vahem pooratakse tahelepanu oppijate opivajadustele. See naitab, et praktikute-oppejoudude opetamispraktika tuleks muuta oppijakesksemaks. Summary
Measurement of the Absolute Crab Flux with NuSTAR

We present results from a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the Crab made at a large off-axis angle of 1. °5. At these angles, X-rays do not pass through the optics and instead illuminate the detectors directly, due to incomplete baffling. Due to the simplicity of the instrument response in this configuration and the good absolute calibration of the detectors, we are able to measure the absolute intrinsic flux of the Crab to better than 4%. We find the spectral parameters of the power law to be Γ = 2.106 ± 0.006 , N = 9.71 ± 0.16 , in agreement with the values measured 42 years ago by Toor & Seward. This suggests that the observed variability of the Crab is not part of a long-term trend, but instead results from fluctuations around a steady mean. The NuSTAR observation also enabled improved measurement of the detector absorption parameters without the added complications of the mirror response.
Peptide nucleic acid ( PNA ) binding-mediated induction of human γ-globin gene expression

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can bind to homopurine/ homopyrimidine sequences of double-stranded DNA targets in a sequence-specific manner and form [PNA] 2/DNA triplexes with single-stranded DNA D-loop structures at the PNA binding sites. These D-loop structures have been found to have a capacity to initiate transcription in vitro . If this strategy can be used to induce transcription of endogenous genes, it may provide a novel approach for gene therapy of many human diseases. Human β globin disorders such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia are very common genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in the β-globin gene. When γ-globin genes are highly expressed in sickle cell patients, the presence of high levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) can compensate for the defective β-globin gene product and such patients have much improved symptoms or are free of disease. However, the γ-globin genes are developmentally regulated and normally expressed at very low levels (>1%) in adult blood cells. We have investigated the possibility of inducing γ-globin gene expression with PNAs. Using PNAs designed to bind to the 5' flanking region of the γ-globin gene, induction of expression of a reporter gene construct was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo . More importantly, PNA-mediated induction of endogenous γ-globin gene expression was also demonstrated in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. This result suggests that induction of γ-globin gene expression with PNAs might provide a new approach for the treatment of sickle cell disease. PNA-induced gene expression strategy also may have implications in gene therapy of other diseases such as genetic diseases, cancer and infectious diseases.
Data mining in distributed environment: a survey

Due to the rapid growth of resource sharing, distributed systems are developed, which can be used to utilize the computations. Data mining (DM) provides powerful techniques for finding meaningful and useful information from a very large amount of data, and has a wide range of real‐world applications. However, traditional DM algorithms assume that the data is centrally collected, memory‐resident, and static. It is challenging to manage the large‐scale data and process them with very limited resources. For example, large amounts of data are quickly produced and stored at multiple locations. It becomes increasingly expensive to centralize them in a single place. Moreover, traditional DM algorithms generally have some problems and challenges, such as memory limits, low processing ability, and inadequate hard disk, and so on. To solve the above problems, DM on distributed computing environment [also called distributed data mining (DDM)] has been emerging as a valuable alternative in many applications. In this study, a survey of state‐of‐the‐art DDM techniques is provided, including distributed frequent itemset mining, distributed frequent sequence mining, distributed frequent graph mining, distributed clustering, and privacy preserving of distributed data mining. We finally summarize the opportunities of data mining tasks in distributed environment. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1216. doi: 10.1002/widm.1216
Adenosine, type 1 receptors: role in proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption

Adenosine type 1 receptor (A1‐AR) antagonists induce diuresis and natriuresis in experimental animals and humans. Much of this effect is due to inhibition of A1‐ARs in the proximal tubule, which is responsible for 60–70% of the reabsorption of filtered Na+ and fluid. Intratubular application of receptor antagonists indicates that A1‐AR mediates a portion of Na+ uptake in PT and PT cells, via multiple transport systems, including Na+/H+ exchanger‐3 (NHE3), Na+/PO4− co‐transporter and Na+‐dependent glucose transporter, SGLT. Renal microperfusion and recollection studies have shown that fluid reabsorption is reduced by A1‐AR antagonists and is lower in A1‐AR KO mice, compared to WT mice. Absolute proximal reabsorption (APR) measured by free‐flow micropuncture is equivocal, with studies that show either lower APR or similar APR in A1‐AR KO mice, compared to WT mice. Inhibition of A1‐ARs lowers elevated blood pressure in models of salt‐sensitive hypertension, partially due to their effects in the proximal tubule.
The Impact of Heterozygous KCNK3 Mutations Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Channel Function and Pharmacological Recovery

Background Heterozygous loss of function mutations in the KCNK3 gene cause hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 encodes an acid‐sensitive potassium channel, which contributes to the resting potential of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. KCNK3 is widely expressed in the body, and dimerizes with other KCNK3 subunits, or the closely related, acid‐sensitive KCNK9 channel. Methods and Results We engineered homomeric and heterodimeric mutant and nonmutant KCNK3 channels associated with PAH. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and COS7 cell lines, we determined that homomeric and heterodimeric mutant channels in heterozygous KCNK3 conditions lead to mutation‐specific severity of channel dysfunction. Both wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels were activated by ONO‐RS‐082 (10 μmol/L), causing cell hyperpolarization. We observed robust gene expression of KCNK3 in healthy and familial PAH patient lungs, but no quantifiable expression of KCNK9, and demonstrated in functional studies that KCNK9 minimizes the impact of select KCNK3 mutations when the 2 channel subunits co‐assemble. Conclusions Heterozygous KCNK3 mutations in PAH lead to variable loss of channel function via distinct mechanisms. Homomeric and heterodimeric mutant KCNK3 channels represent novel therapeutic substrates in PAH. Pharmacological and pH‐dependent activation of wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells leads to membrane hyperpolarization. Co‐assembly of KCNK3 with KCNK9 subunits may provide protection against KCNK3 loss of function in tissues where both KCNK9 and KCNK3 are expressed, contributing to the lung‐specific phenotype observed clinically in patients with PAH because of KCNK3 mutations.
A modified FDTD scheme of EM scattering by Oblique incidence on layered unmagnetied plasma medium

The modified Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method of electromagnetic scattering by the oblique incidence on the layered unmagnetized plasma is proposed, and avoids the usage of two-dimensional FDTD method, greatly improves the computational efficiency. The FDTD method of the electromagnetic scattering by TEz and TMz plane wave oblique incident on the layered unmagnetized plasma is derived, respectively. And by using of the method, the reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves with different incidence angles are computed, and compare the results with analytical solution. The results show its accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the algorithm is applied to calculate the electromagnetic scattering by the metal plate coated the plasma and the isotropic stratified plasma medium with the different incident angles, and their reflection coefficients under the condition of the different incident angles are analyzed.
Earthquake Centroid Locations Using Calibration from Ambient Seismic Noise

Earthquakes occur in complex geology, making it difficult to determine their source parameters and locations because of uncertainty in path effects. We can avoid some of these problems by applying the cut-and-paste (CAP) method, which allows for timing shifts between phases, assuming a 1D model, and determines source parameters. If the travel times or lags of the phases due to path effects are known relative to a reference model, we can locate the events’ centroid with surface waves without knowledge of the 3D velocity structure. Here, we use ambient seismic noise for such a calibration. We cross correlate the seismic stations near the earthquake with stations 100–300 km away to obtain the 10–100-s surface wave Green’s functions. The new method is tested in southern California to locate the 2008 Chino Hills earthquake, which proves consistent with the epicenter location from P waves. It appears possible to use the location offset between the high-frequency P-wave onset relative to the centroid to provide a fast estimate of directivity.
Wireless surveillance of two-hop communications : (Invited paper)

Wireless surveillance is becoming increasingly important to protect the public security by legitimately eavesdropping suspicious wireless communications. This paper studies the wireless surveillance of a two-hop suspicious communication link by a half-duplex legitimate monitor. By exploring the suspicious link's two-hop nature, the monitor can adaptively choose among the following three eavesdropping modes to improve the eavesdropping performance: (I) passive eavesdropping to intercept both hops to decode the message collectively, (II) proactive eavesdropping via noise jamming over the first hop, and (III) proactive eavesdropping via hybrid jamming over the second hop. In both proactive eavesdropping modes, the (noise/hybrid) jamming over one hop is for the purpose of reducing the end-to-end communication rate of the suspicious link and accordingly making the interception more easily over the other hop. Under this setup, we maximize the eavesdropping rate at the monitor by jointly optimizing the eavesdropping mode selection as well as the transmit power for noise and hybrid jamming. Numerical results show that the eavesdropping mode selection significantly improves the eavesdropping rate as compared to each individual eavesdropping mode.
Globular Adiponectin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity and Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of globular adiponectin (gAd) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: An in vivo myocardial I/R model and an in vitro neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model simulating I/R injury in vivo were adopted to investigate whether and how the cardioprotective effects of gAd are mediated by the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Results: gAd (1 &mgr;g/g, intravenously) attenuated the myocardial infarct size, myocardial enzyme activity, and apoptosis in rats with I/R, and similar protection was observed in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The protective effects of gAd were associated with the suppression of ER stress, as evidenced by reversing the upregulation of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein, and caspase-12 that were induced by H/R and thapsigargin. In addition, gAd conferred resistance to ER stress and cardiomyocyte injury by modulating ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Moreover, gAd further increased H/R-enhanced Akt phosphorylation. The protective effects of gAd on ER stress and SERCA activity were abolished by preincubation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Consistent with this finding, I/R-induced ER stress and SERCA dysfunction were also significantly ameliorated by gAd. These effects involved PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: The protective effects of gAd during I/R are mediated, at least in part, by modulating SERCA activity and consequently suppressing ER stress via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling.
RISC-microcontroller built-in fuzzy logic controller of maximum power point tracking for solar-powered light-flasher applications

This paper presents the development of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). By applying the synthetic fuzzy inference algorithm, the relationship between input and output of FLC can be effectively stored in a memory-limited lookup table (LUT). As a consequence, the controller can be efficiently implemented on a low-cost 16F872 RISC microcontroller. A practical system found in a transportation industry, particularly a solar-powered light-flasher (SPLF) with built in MPPT using FLC, is developed. Simulations with practical parameters show that our proposed MPPT using FLC implemented by LUT outperforms the conventional MPPT controller in terms of tracking speed. Furthermore, experimental results are shown to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique.
AT-TECHNOLOGY workbench for knowledge-based systems development: New aspects of intelligent technology

The work is focused on intellectualization of the development process of integrated expert systems basing on the the problem-oriented methodology and AT-TECHNOLOGY workbench. Basic intelligent software environment components like intelligent planner, reusable components, standard design procedures are described. Development process with use of intelligent technology is reviewed. An example development process of dynamic integrated expert system prototype is briefly given.
Formulation and Evaluation of pH Induced In-situ Nasal Gel of Salbutamol Sulphate

Nasal solutions of Salbutamol Sulphate were prepared for sustaining its release and improving its bioavailability. Carbopol was used as a key ingredient to effect pH induced sol to gel conversion of the formulations. Different formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of Carbopol 934 and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose. These formulations were evaluated for parameters like pH, drug content, viscosity, gel strength and drug release. Release profile of some formulations showed rapid phase while some showed slow phase. At extreme low concentrations of the polymers, the formulations drained out due to poor viscosity while at higher concentrations of the same the formulations formed stiff gel and showed slow release of drug. Finally optimized formulation with specific concentrations of carbopol 934 and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose showed pH induced sol-gel conversion, sustained release and higher bioavailability.
Biofilm retention on surfaces with variable roughness and hydrophobicity

Biofilms on food processing equipment cause food spoilage and pose a hazard to consumers. The bacterial community on steel surfaces in a butcher's shop was characterized, and bacteria representative of this community enriched from minced pork were used to study biofilm retention. Stainless steel (SS) was compared to two novel nanostructured sol-gel coatings with differing hydrophobicity. Surfaces were characterized with respect to roughness, hydrophobicity, protein adsorption, biofilm retention, and community composition of the retained bacteria. Fewer bacteria were retained on the sol-gel coated surfaces compared to the rougher SS. However, the two sol-gel coatings did not differ in either protein adsorption, biofilm retention, or microbial community composition. When polished to a roughness similar to sol-gel, the SS was colonized by the same amount of bacteria as the sol-gel, but the bacterial community contained fewer Pseudomonas cells. In conclusion, biofilm retention was affected more by surface roughness than chemical composition under the condition described in this study.
Structure-function relationships between spectral-domain OCT and standard achromatic perimetry.

PURPOSE To explore structure-function relationships in early glaucoma with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard achromatic perimetry. METHODS One hundred thirty-six eyes of 97 patients with suspected or early glaucoma were enrolled from the clinical database at UCLA's Glaucoma Division. All patients had good-quality peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)/optic disc measurements and a reliable 24-2 SITA-Standard Humphrey visual field (VF) within a 6-month period. Correlations of global and sectoral RNFL thickness and rim area (RA) measurements, with corresponding global and regional VF sensitivities (both in logarithmic [dB] and 1/Lambert scales [1/L]), were investigated with components of variance models. RESULTS The average RNFL thickness, RA, and mean deviation (MD) were 85.6 ± 5.7 μ, 1.0 ± 0.3 mm(2), and -1.3 ± 1.9 dB, respectively. Global RA demonstrated a stronger correlation with MD compared to average RNFL thickness (P = 0.002). The highest correlations were observed between superonasal VF cluster (in dB scale) and inferotemporal RA (R(2) = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.15-0.40) or inferotemporal RNFL thickness (R(2) = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.37). In glaucoma suspects, the highest correlations were seen between superonasal VF cluster and inferotemporal RA (R(2) = 0.16) in dB scale or RNFL thickness (R(2) = 0.10) in 1/L scale. Correlations were slightly greater with dB scale than 1/L scale and tended to be linear with both scales. CONCLUSIONS Structure-function relationships can be detected in early glaucoma with SD-OCT. Correlations of RA with VF thresholds tended to be higher compared to those of RNFL. Structure-function relationships were well described with a linear model.
Bayesian sample sizes for exploratory clinical trials comparing multiple experimental treatments with a control

In this paper, a Bayesian approach is developed for simultaneously comparing multiple experimental treatments with a common control treatment in an exploratory clinical trial. The sample size is set to ensure that, at the end of the study, there will be at least one treatment for which the investigators have a strong belief that it is better than control, or else they have a strong belief that none of the experimental treatments are substantially better than control. This criterion bears a direct relationship with conventional frequentist power requirements, while allowing prior opinion to feature in the analysis with a consequent reduction in sample size. If it is concluded that at least one of the experimental treatments shows promise, then it is envisaged that one or more of these promising treatments will be developed further in a definitive phase III trial. The approach is developed in the context of normally distributed responses sharing a common standard deviation regardless of treatment. To begin with, the standard deviation will be assumed known when the sample size is calculated. The final analysis will not rely upon this assumption, although the intended properties of the design may not be achieved if the anticipated standard deviation turns out to be inappropriate. Methods that formally allow for uncertainty about the standard deviation, expressed in the form of a Bayesian prior, are then explored. Illustrations of the sample sizes computed from the new method are presented, and comparisons are made with frequentist methods devised for the same situation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Procurement of Services with Uncertain Durations

Emerging service-oriented technologies allow software agents to automatically procure distributed services to complete complex tasks. However, in many application scenarios, service providers demand financial remuneration, execution times are uncertain and consumers have deadlines for their tasks. In this paper, we address these issues by developing a novel approach that dynamically procures multiple, redundant services over time, in order to ensure success by the deadline. Specifically, we first present an algorithm for finding optimal procurement solutions, as well as a heuristic algorithm that achieves over 99% of the optimal and is capable of handling thousands of providers. Using experiments, we show that these algorithms achieve an improvement of up to 130% over current strategies that procure only single services. Finally, we consider settings where service costs are not known to the consumer, and introduce several mechanisms that incentivise providers to reveal their costs truthfully and that still achieve up to 95% efficiency.