Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The molecular aetiology of human mitochondrial myopathies.

The mitochondria of higher eukaryotes have a level of organization and control of biogenesis, distinct from that found in the fungi and lower eukaryotes, involving tissue specific control of mitochondrial number and protein composition in relation to cellular energy homoeostasis. Thus the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system forms a variable proportion of total mitochondrial protein in cells of different tissues and likewise the number of mitochondria also varies. Not surprisingly, it is those tissues with the highest demands for ATP, such as heart, skeletal muscle and liver, which are particularly rich in mitochondria. What then tells the cell how many mitochondria i t needs and what its protein composition should be? This question is particularly interesting in regard to oxidative phosphorylation because most of the protein components of the mitochondrial genome are constituents (subunits) of the inner membrane complexes of this pathway. These 13 proteins are assembled with cytoplasmically synthesized and coded subunits to make the functional complexes. Little is known at present of the mechanisms controlling mitochondrial number and composition but recent investigations of the rare human muscle diseases known as mitochondrial myopathies, a large group of which involve defects in oxidative phosphorylation, provide some insight into their operation (Morgan-Hughes e f al., 1985). The clinical aspects of defects in the respiratory chain pertinent to my discussion are:
The Methodological Progress of Tourism Demand Forecasting: A Review of Related Literature

ABSTRACT Research on modeling the estimation and forecasting of tourism demand has evolved with increasing sophistication and improved quality. In this study, 155 research papers published between 1995 and 2009 were identified and were classified into three main groups according to the methods and techniques adopted—an econometric-based approach, time series techniques, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. It appears that the more advanced methods such as cointegration, error correction model, time varying parameter model, and their combinations with systems of equations produce better results in terms of forecasting accuracy. We also discuss the implications and suggest future directions of tourism research techniques and methods.
Confessions of a Public Speaker

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} "At 7:48 a.m. on a Tuesday, I am showered, cleaned, shaved, pruned, fed, and deodorized, wearing a pressed shirt and shiny shoes, in a cab on my way to the San Francisco waterfront I'm far from home, going to an unfamiliar place, and performing for strangers, three stressful facts that mean anything can happen " In this hilarious and highly practical book, author and professional speaker Scott Berkun reveals the techniques behind what great communicators do, and shows how anyone can learn to use them well. For managers and teachers-and anyone else who talks and expects someone to listen-Confessions of a Public Speaker provides an insider's perspective on how to effectively present ideas to anyone. It's a unique, entertaining, and instructional romp through the embarrassments and triumphs Scott has experienced over 15 years of speaking to crowds of all sizes. With lively lessons and surprising confessions, you'll get new insights into the art of persuasion-as well as teaching, learning, and performance-directly from a master of the trade. Highlights include: Berkun's hard-won and simple philosophy, culled from years of lectures, teaching courses, and hours of appearances on NPR, MSNBC, and CNBC Practical advice, including how to work a tough room, the science of not boring people, how to survive the attack of the butterflies, and what to do when things go wrong The inside scoop on who earns $30,000 for a one-hour lecture and why The worst-and funniest-disaster stories you've ever heard (plus countermoves you can use) Filled with humorous and illuminating stories of thrilling performances and real-life disasters, Confessions of a Public Speaker is inspirational, devastatingly honest, and a blast to read.
The Importance of Distinguishing Errors from Irregularities in Restatement Research: The Case of Restatements and CEO/CFO Turnover

ABSTRACT: Research on restatements has grown significantly in recent years. Many of these studies test hypotheses about the causes and consequences of intentional managerial misreporting but rely on restatement data (such as the GAO database) that contains both irregularities (intentional misstatements) and errors (unintentional misstatements). We argue that researchers can significantly enhance the power of tests related to restatements by distinguishing between errors and irregularities, particularly in recent periods when the relative frequency of error-related restatements is increasing. Based on prior research, the reading of numerous restatement announcements, and the guidance that boards receive from lawyers, auditors, and the SEC on how to respond to suspicions of deliberate misreporting, we propose a straightforward procedure for classifying restatements as either errors or irregularities. We show that most of the restatements we classify as irregularities are followed by fraud-related class acti.
The Economic Function of Underfunded Pension Plans

THIS paper is about a holdup problem and the firm's attempt to stop it. The holdup potential comes from labor unions, and the firm's method of deaing with it is the perhaps unlikely vehicle of the pension plan. It turns out that underfunding of the pension plan serves as a bond of sorts: it imposes automatic and (calculably) large capital losses on union workers who precipitate a successful holdup. The theory appears to explain the long-standing puzzle that firms underfund their pension plans despite heavy tax consequences. In addition, by identifying the beneficiaries of federal pension insurance, the theory also leads to a natural explanation for the enactment in 1974 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).
Modeling conditional dependence among multiple diagnostic tests

When multiple imperfect dichotomous diagnostic tests are applied to an individual, it is possible that some or all of their results remain dependent even after conditioning on the true disease status. The estimates could be biased if this conditional dependence is ignored when using the test results to infer about the prevalence of a disease or the accuracies of the diagnostic tests. However, statistical methods correcting for this bias by modelling higher‐order conditional dependence terms between multiple diagnostic tests are not well addressed in the literature. This paper extends a Bayesian fixed effects model for 2 diagnostic tests with pairwise correlation to cases with 3 or more diagnostic tests with higher order correlations. Simulation results show that the proposed fixed effects model works well both in the case when the tests are highly correlated and in the case when the tests are truly conditionally independent, provided adequate external information is available in the form of fixed constraints or prior distributions. A data set on the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis is used to illustrate the proposed model.
Cooperation, Stability and Self-Enforcement in International Environmental Agreements: A Conceptual Discussion

In essence, any international environmental agreement (IEA) implies cooperation of a form or another. The paper seeks for logical foundations of this. It first deals with how the need for cooperation derives from the public good aspect of the externalities involved, as well as with where the source of cooperation lies in cooperative game theory. In either case, the quest for efficiency is claimed to be at the root of cooperation. Next, cooperation is considered from the point of view of stability. After recalling the two competing concepts of stability in use in the IEA literature, new insights on the nature of the gamma core in general are given as well as of the Chander-Tulkens solution within the gamma core. Free riding is also evaluated in relation with the alternative forms of stability under scrutiny. Finally, it is asked whether with the often mentioned virtue of “self enforcement” any conceptual gain is achieved, different from what is meant by efficiency and stability. A skeptical answer is offered, as a reply to Barrett’s (2003) attempt at giving the notion a specific content.
A Novel 7T SRAM Cell Layout Design with Low Average Power in Read and Write Cycles

The system memories requirement depends greatly on the nature of the applications which run on the system. Memory performance and capacity requirements are small for simple, low cost systems. In contrast, memory throughput can be the most critical requirement in complex, high performance systems. The following general types of memories can be used in systems such as Volatile and non-volatile memories. SRAM can be found in the cache memory of a computer or as a part of the RAM digital to analog converters on video cards. Static RAM is also used for high-speed registers, caches and small memory banks like a frame buffer on a display adapter. Several scientific and industrial subsystems, modern appliances, automotive electronics, electronic toys, mobile phones, synthesizers and digital cameras also use SRAM. It is also highly recommended for use in PCs, peripheral equipment, printers, LCD screens, hard disk buffers etc. Different transistor counts in used in SRAM architecture such as Bipolar junction transistors used in TTL and ECL which is very fast but consumes a lot of power and MOSFET used in CMOS which is used at low power and also very common today. This paper proposed to improve the stability of SRAM cell and also reduces the average power in standby mode.
Adoption of Technology Enhanced Learning in Higher Education: Influences of Institutional Policies and Practices

This book reports the findings of a study of the influences of organizational structures, cultures, pedagogies, and reward systems in a traditional university for their influences on faculty adoption of technology enhanced learning into teaching practice. The study was undertaken in a research-oriented Canadian university. Eight case studies of faculty experiences in a five-year (2000-2005) government-funded, technology enhanced learning (TEL) initiative are reported. Participants’ perspectives on the influences of university policies and practices on the success of TEL projects are examined. The roles of instructional designers and media developers in supporting faculty TEL development projects are discussed. Theoretical implications for organizational change in research-oriented universities to support faculty adoption of TEL are posited.
Motion deblurring utilizing the variable speed egomotion of camera and comparison based on corner feature points

In this study, the motion blur caused by the variable speed egomotion of camera is deblurred using multiple image frames and the obtained results are compared based on the detection performance of corner features. A linear, uniform motion blur data set is collected which is suitable for testing the multi-image deblurring method. The proposed method is tested on the dataset together with two baseline motion deblurring methods in the literature and compared based on the corner feature detection performance. The obtained results show that the proposed multi-image deblurring method can achieve a higher true positive rate than the compared methods.
Comparing a self report questionnaire with physician assessment for determining multiple sclerosis clinical disease course: a validation study

Determining multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical course is important in research and clinical practice. However, many patients do not know their clinical course, limiting the option to use self-report in research studies including surveys. In order to address this, we developed a self-report item to be used in self-administered mailed surveys displaying graphically the courses of MS. The validity of this item was then evaluated by comparing physician-assessed disease clinical course to patient response on the self-report item on 94 of 99 consecutive patients seen in an MS specialty clinic. Kappa statistics were calculated comparing self-assessed versus physician-assessed MS clinical course for the four common MS clinical courses (κ=0.45) and for relapsing remitting versus other courses (κ=0.62) indicating substantial agreement. Subsequent administration of the item by mail to 1371 individuals with MS in Washington and Montana determined that while most individuals responded as intended to the item, persons with less than a high school education (P=0.009) or over the age of 60 ( P = 0.002) were significantly more likely to leave the item blank. It appears that this item may be used to obtain a rough estimate of MS clinical course in research using self-report surveys where physician assessments are impractical. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 1033—1037. http://msj.sagepub. com
The Role of Training in Experimental Auctions

In this paper we examine the role of providing extensive training to subjects in the context of experimental auctions. We conducted an experiment where we auctioned several lotteries with varying payoffs. One group of subjects was extensively trained while another group of subjects was only minimally trained. We find that subjects in the extensive training treatment, were submitting bids significantly higher than subjects in the minimal training treatment, suggesting that subjects without proper training may underreport their WTP.
Fabrication and simulation of PDMS assisted CO2 laser ablation

The traditional glass forming using laser ablation in air would produce many kinds of defects such as bulge, debris, crack and scorch. In this paper, we have applied the method of PDMS assisted laser processing to reduce the temperature gradient, heat-affect zone region for achieving crack-free glass ablation. The laser power of 15 W, PDMS thickness of 150 μm and scanning speed of 228 and 342 mm/s were used for ablation to obtain a good quality of cutting surface which was clear, less bugle, no crack and scorch in this technique. The alpha-step measured profile showed that the much reduced bugle height around the rims of groove was about 1.0± 0.5 μm in case of 150 μm poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thickness while that in air was 15.1 μm. The ANSYS software was also used to analyze the temperature distribution and thermal stress field in air and PDMS ambient during glass ablation. The smaller temperature gradient observed in PDMS-assisted ablation had the smaller heat-affect zone and diminished the crack formation during processing. In contrast, the higher temperature gradient in air induced higher stress for creating crack and scorch on the surface.
Autonomic E-mail Services for Better Storage Management

The proliferation of software services on the Web can be seen as the primary wave of evolution in the internet age. As one of the most important services of the internet, e-mail is used for business and personal communication. E-mail service providers(free or otherwise) still face a veritable administrative challenge with problems like spam mail, with the magnitude of this problem only increasing at a fearful rate. Managing the burgeoning volume and size of e-mail has brought into picture issues like server uptime, optimal utilization of available resources, and storage discipline. These need to be addressed distinctly with new vigour. In this paper we present services with autonomic features which can be provided in an internet/intranet environment by setting thresholds, using e-mail reservoirs, and sharing/loaning e-mail storage space of designated users, and designation of such storage in user inboxes as overflow e-mailboxes. Services are also implementable as business methods where charges are made to users or e-mail providers who borrow space and credit given to those who lend space so as to enable a transparent, resilient and flexible mechanism to deal with the unpredictability associated with e-mail size and volume well within the precincts of total available storage space
Staging Breast Cancer, Rehearsing Metastatic Disease

Social science researchers have fruitfully used a range of conceptualizations of “performance”: as a metaphor for social life, a way of vivifying research findings, and a form of scholarly representation. In this article, the researchers consider performance in its hermeneutic sense, as a way of generating meaning. The drama Handle With Care? Living With Metastatic Breast Cancer was created by a research team, a theater troupe, and women with breast cancer. The researchers employ an interpretive phenomenological framework to explore interviews with women with breast cancer involved in creating Handle With Care? The performative context in which the drama developed allowed certain illness meanings to emerge, intensify, and shift. The article also considers ethical dilemmas surfaced by this project.
Obama and Shepard Fairey: The Copy and Political Iconography in the Age of the Demake

Blumenthal, Sidney (2007) ‘From Norman Rockwell to Abu Ghraib’, Salon.com, 26 April. URL (consulted 6 June 2009): http://www.salon. com/opinion/blumenthal/ 2007/04/26/torture_policy/index.html Chozick, Amy and Crow, Kelly (2009) ‘Changing the Art on the White House Walls’, Wall Street Journal, 22 May. Haberman, Clyde (1998) ‘NYC: Red Sales in the Sunset of the Left’, New York Times, 5 May. Kennedy, Randy (2009) ‘Obama’s Face (That’s Him? ) Rules the Web’, New York Times, 30 May. URL (consulted 6 June 2009): http://www.nytimes. com/2009/05/31/arts/ design/31pain.html? _r=1 Sturken, Marita (2007) Tourists of History: Memory, Kitsch, and Consumerism from Oklahoma City to Ground Zero. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Resolution of Nonmarital Adolescent Pregnancy and the Transition to Adulthood: Educational Attainment and Financial Well-being

This paper compares educational and financial outcomes in early adulthood for four groups of men and women: those who never experienced a nonmarital adolescent pregnancy, those who ended a nonmarital adolescent pregnancy by abortion, those who married or cohabited and became parents in response to an adolescent pregnancy, and those who became parents but did not marry or cohabit following an adolescent pregnancy. The analyses are based on self-reports of 6,074 young men and women who were first surveyed as seventh grade students in Houston, Texas in 1971 and surveyed again between 1980 and 1988. Educational and financial outcomes in adulthood vary significantly depending on the occurrence of a nonmarital adolescent pregnancy, the resolution of nonmarital adolescent pregnancy, and the age at which adolescent pregnancy occurs. Results are discussed in relation to public policies encouraging family formation and educational support and occupational training for teen parents. Copyright 1994 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Changing Rules in Tort Law and the Market for Childhood Vaccines

MUCH attention has been focused on the changes in the legal environment that have swept this country in the past two or three decades. One of the more important changes has been the movement toward strict products liability. Although this evolution has not been complete, in many cases it has become much easier for injured consumers to obtain compensation from manufacturers. The increased availability of compensation made possible by this evolution has been hailed as a great victory for consumer interests, assailed for its economic inefficiency, and blamed for increasing the costs and risks of engaging in business and thus causing a decline in the competitiveness of American industry.1 While there exists a well-developed theoretical literature on the relative efficiency of alternative liability rules,2 little reliable evidence has yet been generated on the actual consequences of this evolution.3 It is to this issue that this article is addressed. The evidence generated here comes from the market for childhood vaccines, a market which is particularly
A congruence analysis of human stress.

This chapter examines recent developments, unresolved issues, and research priorities in the field of human stress. Before discussing these topics it is important to be clear about our uses of the terms stress and stressor. The term mess refers here to a state of imbalance within an organism that (a) is elicited by an actual or perceived disparity between environmental demands and the organism’s capacity to cope with these demands and (b) is manifested through a variety of physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses. This response syndrome occurs as a result of the organism’s exposure t o excessive environmental demands, or srressors. Conditions of the social and physical environment operate as stressors to the extent that they tax or exceed an organism’s adaptive resources (cf. Lazarus, 1966; Selye, 1956). These definitions are sufficiently broad t o subsume several more detailed conceptualizations of stress that have been proposed from medical, psychological, and sociologic perspectives. From a medical perspective, stress is typically construed as a defensive bodily response t o environmental demands (e.g., toxins, extreme temperature, emotionally charged situations) involving specific physiological components, such as adrenal stimulation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and the shrinkage of lymphatic structures (cf. Selye, 1956, 1976). Psychological analyses (Appley & Trumbull, 1967; Lazarus, 1966; McCrath, 1970) place a greater emphasis on the individual’s cognitive appraisal of threatening environmental conditions and personal coping resources than d o medical models of stress. Sociologic analyses focus on societal conditions (e.g., economic change, lack of social support resources) that adversely affect the well-being of specific groups within the community (cf. Brenner, 1973; Cassel, 1964; Levine & Scotch, 1970). The preceding discussion provides a glimpse of the diverse, yet complementary, conceptualizations of human stress. Recent attempts t o integrate and refine these perspectives have spawned several focused areas of research. The first section of the chapter examines recent developments in three of the most active