Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Resistance Training and Aerobic Training on Ambulation in Chronic Stroke

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of aerobic training (AT) with progressive resistance training (RT) after stroke to determine whether AT-induced fitness gains or RT-induced strength gains translate into improved ambulation across a 12-wk intervention and whether gains are retained 1 yr after cessation of formal training. DesignThis study is a randomized controlled 12-wk intervention trial with a 1-yr follow-up. Forty-three community-dwelling independent walkers with a chronic ischemic hemiparetic stroke were allocated to AT using a cycle ergometer (n = 13), RT using training machines (n = 14), or low-intensity sham training of the arms (n = 16). The main outcome measures were 6-min walk distance and fast 10-m walking speed. ResultsComparisons between AT, RT, and sham training revealed no clinically relevant effects on walking velocity or walking distance. Muscle strength improved after RT (P < 0.0001) and was preserved at 1-yr follow-up (P < 0.001). Aerobic capacity increased after AT (P < 0.001) but was lost during the follow-up observation period. ConclusionsImprovement of muscle strength or aerobic capacity using non–task-specific training methods does not result in improved ambulation in patients with chronic stroke. Muscle strength gains were maintained at follow-up, whereas all improvements of aerobic capacity were lost, indicating a long-lasting effect of intensive RT even without maintenance training.
An RNA cap (nucleoside‐2′‐O‐)‐methyltransferase in the flavivirus RNA polymerase NS5: crystal structure and functional characterization

Viruses represent an attractive system with which to study the molecular basis of mRNA capping and its relation to the RNA transcription machinery. The RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase NS5 of flaviviruses presents a characteristic motif of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐dependent methyltransferases at its N‐terminus, and polymerase motifs at its C‐terminus. The crystal structure of an N‐terminal fragment of Dengue virus type 2 NS5 is reported at 2.4 Å resolution. We show that this NS5 domain includes a typical methyltransferase core and exhibits a (nucleoside‐2′‐O‐)‐methyltransferase activity on capped RNA. The structure of a ternary complex comprising S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine and a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogue shows that 54 amino acids N‐terminal to the core provide a novel GTP‐binding site that selects guanine using a previously unreported mechanism. Binding studies using GTP‐ and RNA cap‐analogues, as well as the spatial arrangement of the methyltransferase active site relative to the GTP‐binding site, suggest that the latter is a specific cap‐binding site. As RNA capping is an essential viral function, these results provide a structural basis for the rational design of drugs against the emerging flaviviruses.
Longitudinal Course of Clients With Co-occurring Schizophrenia-Spectrum and Substance Use Disorders in Urban Mental Health Centers: A 7-Year Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE A previous longitudinal study in rural New Hampshire showed that community mental health center clients with co-occurring schizophrenia-spectrum and substance use disorders (SZ/SUD) improved steadily and substantially over 10 years. The current study examined 7 years of prospective clinical and functional outcomes among inner-city Connecticut (CT) community mental health center clients with SZ/SUD. METHOD Participants were 150 adults with SZ/SUD, selected for high service needs, in 2 inner-city mental health centers in CT. Initially, all received integrated mental health and substance abuse treatments for at least the first 3 years as part of a clinical trial. Assessments at baseline and yearly over 7 years measured progress toward 6 target clinical and functional outcomes: absence of psychiatric symptoms, remission of substance abuse, independent housing, competitive employment, social contact with non-users of substances, and life satisfaction. RESULTS The CT SZ/SUD participants improved significantly on 5 of the 6 main outcomes: absence of psychiatric symptoms (45%-70%), remission of substance use disorders (8%-61%), independent housing (33%-47%), competitive employment (14%-28%), and life satisfaction (35%-53%). Only social contact with nonusers of substances was unimproved (14%-17%). CONCLUSIONS Many urban community mental health center clients with SZ/SUD and access to integrated treatment improve significantly on clinical, vocational, residential, and life satisfaction outcomes over time, similar to clients with SZ/SUD in rural areas. Thus, the long-term course for people with SZ/SUD is variable but often quite positive.
Newly defined conditions for the in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation of Dientamoeba fragilis: new techniques set to fast track molecular studies on this organism

SUMMARY Dientamoeba fragilis is a pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract that is a common cause of diarrhoea. A paucity of knowledge on the in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation of Dientamoeba has meant that few studies have been conducted to investigate its biology. The objective of this study was to define, for the first time, in vitro culture conditions able to support the long-term in vitro growth of Dientamoeba. Also, we aimed to define a suitable method for cryopreserving viable Dientamoeba trophozoites. A modified BD medium, TYGM-9, Loeffler's slope medium, Robinson's medium, Medium 199, Trichosel and a Tritrichomonas fetus medium were compared, using cell counts, for their ability to support the growth of D. fragilis at various temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Loeffler's slope medium supported significantly better growth compared to other media. A temperature of 42°C and a microaerophilic atmosphere were also optimum for Dientamoeba growth. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe and compare different culture media and conditions for the growth of clinical isolates of D. fragilis. This new technology will aid the development of diagnostics for dientamoebiasis as well as facilitate large-scale sequencing projects that will fast track molecular studies on D. fragilis.
Back in Business: Industrial Policy for Emerging Economies in the New Globalization

We explore the potential roles of industrial policy in the transition from middle-income to high-income status, and the actual experience of industrial policy in emerging economies. Guided by the conceptual framework of the neo-Schumpeterian approach, we look at industrial policy in the context of structural transformation, i.e., in transforming economic structures as well as the institutions supporting these structures. Today’s emerging economies face a dual structural transformation challenge: (i) to move closer to the current world technology frontier (traditional catch-up), and (ii) to adjust to technological change in advanced economies and increasingly binding environmental and social constraints. The feasible set of industrial policy is constrained by state capacity. The paradox of industrial policy is that it is most straightforward when state capacity is the most constrained. We suggest that emerging economies still should explore what we denote as sector-based horizontal policies addressing market and state failures in individual industries.
A Versatile Instrument for the Characterization of Capacitive Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Systems

This paper presents a laboratory prototype of an instrument developed for electromechanical characterization of capacitive micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). The instrument aims at filling the gap between commercial electrical instrumentation (impedance meters) and optical instrumentation: For most M/NEMS devices, impedance meters allow only quasi-stationary measurements (i.e., capacitance-voltage C-V curves) with a bandwidth limited to few hundreds of hertz; optical instrumentation allows dynamic characterization (Bode diagrams) but, besides being bulky and extremely costly, does not allow the measurement on packaged devices-and packaging is often an issue for the device performance and reliability. The proposed versatile characterization platform, controlled by LabVIEW libraries, monitors the capacitance variation, resulting from different kinds of electrical stimuli, via real-time capacitive sensing. The measurements are both stationary C-V curves and dynamic responses to input steps in the time domain, which are convertible into Bode plots in the frequency domain. Measurements can be done on bare or packaged and on wafer-level or diced devices, in a differential or single-ended configuration, with a good immunity to parasitic capacitances, a sensing resolution on the order of ≈1 aF/√(Hz), and a maximum testable device mechanical bandwidth around 100 kHz. A characterization of two sample structures, a micromachined magnetometer and a clamped-clamped beam resonator, is given as an example, followed by a discussion on future improvements.
Reflexive monitoring in New Zealand: Evaluation lessons in supporting transformative change

An Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) approach is currently being used to determine whether the adoption of agricultural innovations in New Zealand can be enhanced. Important elements of the innovation systems approach include the participatory application of a co-innovation process, for example inclusiveness and a focus on transformative change, to remove barriers in the creation and uptake of sustainable innovations. Alongside AIS, novel evaluation approaches are being used, namely reflexive monitoring. Thus, the role of a reflexive monitor has been trialled to help understand and guide the co-innovation process. A reflexive monitor helps innovation networks challenge and change assumptions, practices, and underlying institutions in the design or management of a project, through an on-going process of evaluation in an action research setting. In this article, experiences of reflexive monitoring conducted within a research programme in New Zealand are shared. Information was gathered from workshops, meetings and interviews with reflexive monitors. Insights include the need to understand that there is no recipe for the role of a reflexive monitor, that is the role is context-dependent. However, focussing on developing solutions to a problem and taking a flexible, adaptive approach are essential elements in ensuring that monitoring and evaluation are effective.
Recombinant pronapin precursor produced in Pichia pastoris displays structural and immunologic equivalent properties to its mature product isolated from rapeseed.

2S albumin storage proteins from rapeseed (Brassica napus), called napins, consist of two different polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bridges, which are derived by proteolytic cleavage from a single precursor. The precursor form of the napin BnIb (proBnIb) has been cloned using a PCR strategy and sequenced. The amino-acid sequence deduced from the clone includes 31 residues of the small chain and 75 of the large chain, which are connected by the peptide Ser-Glu-Asn. Expression of the cDNA encoding proBnIb has been carried out in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The induced protein was secreted to the extracellular medium at a yield of 80 mg.L(-1) of culture and was purified by means of size-exclusion chromatography and reverse phase-HPLC. Recombinant proBnIb appeared properly folded as its molecular and spectroscopic properties were equivalent to those of the mature heterodimeric protein. As 2S albumin storage proteins from Brassicaceae have been shown to be type I allergy inducers, the immunological activity of the recombinant proBnIb was analysed as a measure of its structural integrity. The immunological properties of the recombinant precursor and the natural napin were indistinguishable by immunoblotting and ELISA inhibition using polyclonal antisera and sera of patients allergic to mustard and rapeseed. In conclusion, the recombinant expression of napin precursors in P. pastoris has been shown to be a successful method for high yield production of homogeneous and properly folded proteins whose polymorphism and complex maturation process limited hitherto their availability.
The Use of Neural Networks and Texture Analysis for Rapid Objective Selection of Regions of Interest in Cytoskeletal Images

Abstract Understanding cytoskeletal dynamics in living tissue is prerequisite to understanding mechanisms of injury, mechanotransduction, and mechanical signaling. Real-time visualization is now possible using transfection with plasmids that encode fluorescent cytoskeletal proteins. Using this approach with the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin, we found that a green fluorescent protein–desmin chimeric protein was unevenly distributed throughout the muscle fiber, resulting in some image areas that were saturated as well as others that lacked any signal. Our goal was to analyze the muscle fiber cytoskeletal network quantitatively in an unbiased fashion. To objectively select areas of the muscle fiber that are suitable for analysis, we devised a method that provides objective classification of regions of images of striated cytoskeletal structures into “usable” and “unusable” categories. This method consists of a combination of spatial analysis of the image using Fourier methods along with a boosted neural network that “decides” on the quality of the image based on previous training. We trained the neural network using the expert opinion of three scientists familiar with these types of images. We found that this method was over 300 times faster than manual classification and that it permitted objective and accurate classification of image regions.
Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Oil Prices in Industrial Sector of Selected OPEC and Non-OPEC Countries

Considering global warming and importance of sustainable growth in economic sub-sectors, this paper presents and estimates an empirical model of renewable energy consumption for the industrial sector of selected OPEC and non-OPEC countries over the period 1990-2014. Panel co-integration estimates by Pedroni (1999,2004) and Westerlund (2005,2006) show that, in the long term, increases in industrial value added per capita, real oil prices, and CO2 per capita are found to be major drivers behind per capita renewable energy consumption for both OPEC and Non-OPEC nations. Panel Granger causality by the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) method confirms that there are bi-directional causality relationship between research variables and therefore verify feedback hypothesis. Finally, FMOLS and DOLS results show that when industrial value added per person increases, per capital renewable energy consumption increases by greater magnitude in non-OPEC than OPEC countries; also an increase in CO2 emissions per person increases per capita renewable energy consumption by greater amount in non-OPEC than OPEC nations.
Stroke magnetic resonance imaging within 6 hours after onset of hyperacute cerebral ischemia

We studied the diagnostic and prognostic value of diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted magnetic resonancce imaging (DWI and PWI) for the initial evaluation and follow‐up monitoring of patients with stroke that had ensued less than 6 hours previously. Further, we examined the role of vessel patency or occlusion and subsequent recanalization or persistent occlusion for further clinical and morphological stroke progression so as to define categories of patients and facilitate treatment decisions. Fifty‐one patients underwent stroke magnetic resonance imaging (DWI, PWI, magnetic resonance angiography, and T2‐weighted imaging) within 3.3 ± 1.29 hours, and, of those, 41 underwent follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging on day 2 and 28 on day 5. In addition, we assessed clinical scores (on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Scandinavian Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Modified Rankin Scale) on days 1, 2, 5, 30, and 90 and performed volumetric analysis of lesion volumes. In all, 25 patients had a proximal, 18 a distal, and 8 no vessel occlusion. Furthermore, 15 of 43 patients exhibited recanalization on day 2. Vessel occlusion was associated with a PWI‐DWI mismatch on the initial magnetic resonance imaging, vessel patency with a PWI‐DWI match (p < 0.0001). Outcome scores and lesion volumes differed significantly between patients experiencing recanalization and those who did not (all p < 0.0001). Acute DWI and PWI lesion volumes correlated poorly with acute clinical scores and only modestly with outcome scores. We have concluded on the basis of this study that early recanalization saves tissue at risk of ischemic infarction and results in significantly smaller infarcts and a significantly better clinical outcome. Patients with proximal vessel occlusions have a larger amount of tissue at risk, a lower recanalization rate, and a worse outcome. Urgent recanalization seems to be of utmost importance for these patients. Ann Neurol 2001;49:460–469
Downlink SINR Coverage and Rate Analysis with Dual Slope Pathloss Model in mmWave Networks

Due to the large available spectrum, millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is evolving as a promising candidate for next generation cellular communication systems. Recently, much attention has been focussed on the SINR coverage and rate analysis of mmWave networks. However, the existing coverage and rate performance analysis of mmWave networks available in literature consider single slope path loss model. In this paper, we analyze the downlink SINR coverage performance of mmWave networks with the critical distance dependent dual slope path loss model at the mmWave operating frequency of 28 GHz. Furthermore, we consider two different LOS probability functions (Blockage models) to incorporate blockages into path loss model, different base station (BS) densities and different transmit antenna beam pattern to analyze the performance of mmWave network. Our analysis shows that the downlink SINR coverage scales up under the dual slope path loss model as compared to the simplistic path loss model at low base station density (zeta). The spectral efficiency increases as BS density increases. Moreover, we find the higher limit on BS density that improves spectral efficiency. Also, our empirical results show the impact of different transmit antenna pattern and LOS probability functions on the SINR coverage and rate performance of mmWave network.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis: Evaluation of radiological and pathological response

Loco‐regional therapies for cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are awaiting liver transplantation (OLT) attempt to prevent tumor progression. However, there is limited data regarding the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as loco‐regional treatment.
Bacterial community structures of phosphate-removing and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges from sequencing batch reactors

The bacterial community structures of phosphate- and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges were compared. Sludge samples were obtained from two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and 16S rDNA clone libraries of the bacterial sludge populations were established. Community structures were determined by phylogenetic analyses of 97 and 92 partial clone sequences from SBR1 (phosphate-removing sludge) and SBR2 (non-phosphate-removing sludge), respectively. For both sludges, the predominant bacterial group with which clones were affiliated was the beta subclass of the proteobacteria. Other major groups represented were the alpha proteobacterial subclass, planctomycete group, and Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides group. In addition, several clone groups unaffiliated with known bacterial assemblages were identified in the clone libraries. Acinetobacter spp. , thought to be important in phosphate removal in activated sludge, were poorly represented by clone sequences in both libraries. Differences in community structure were observed between the phosphate- and non-phosphate-removing sludges; in particular, the Rhodocyclus group within the beta subclass was represented to a greater extent in the phosphate-removing community. Such differences may account for the differing phosphate-removing capabilities of the two activated sludge communities.
Integrability and RG flow in 2d sigma models

Motivated by the search for solvable string theories, we consider the problem of classifying the integrable bosonic 2d $\sigma$-models. We include non-conformal $\sigma$-models, which have historically been a good arena for discovering integrable models that were later generalized to Weyl-invariant ones. General $\sigma$-models feature a quantum RG flow, given by a 'generalized Ricci flow' of the target-space geometry. This thesis is based on the conjecture that integrable $\sigma$-models are renormalizable, or stable under the RG flow. It is widely understood that classically integrable theories are stable at the leading 1-loop order with only a few parameters running. Here we address what happens at higher-loop orders. We find that integrable $\sigma$-models generally remain RG-stable at higher-loops provided they receive a particular choice of finite counterterms, or quantum ($\alpha'$) corrections to the target-space geometry. We explicitly construct these quantum corrections for examples of integrable $\eta$- and $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models. We then reformulate the $\lambda$-models as $\sigma$-models on a"tripled"$G \times G \times G$ configuration space, where they become automatically renormalizable due to manifest symmetries and a decoupling of some fields. We also consider the integrable $G \times G$ and $G \times G/H$ models and construct a new class of integrable $G \times G/H$ models with abelian $H$. We then present a new and different link between integrability and the RG flow in the context of $\sigma$-models with 'local couplings' depending explicitly on 2d time. Such models are naturally obtained in the light-cone gauge in string theory, pointing to the possibility of a large, new class of solvable string models.
A Fuzzy Set Analysis of Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Performance: Insights from East Asia

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the multiple conditions that affect performance in foreign-owned subsidiaries. This research is based on a survey of foreign-owned subsidiaries located in the midrange emerging economy of Taiwan. The resulting data set consists of 226 subsidiary managers’ responses. Using configurational theory to guide our argumentations, the author shows that three different paths lead to higher performance, hence, indicating equifinality. Overall, results show that only subsidiary competences are a core condition for high performance. Networks, autonomy, market orientation, industry, and relatedness are only peripheral.