Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CX3CL1, a chemokine finely tuned to adhesion: critical roles of the stalk glycosylation and the membrane domain

ABSTRACT The multi-domain CX3CL1 transmembrane chemokine triggers leukocyte adherence without rolling and migration by presenting its chemokine domain (CD) to its receptor CX3CR1. Through the combination of functional adhesion assays with structural analysis using FRAP, we investigated the functional role of the other domains of CX3CL1, i.e., its mucin stalk, transmembrane domain, and cytosolic domain. Our results indicate that the CX3CL1 molecular structure is finely adapted to capture CX3CR1 in circulating cells and that each domain has a specific purpose: the mucin stalk is stiffened by its high glycosylation to present the CD away from the membrane, the transmembrane domain generates the permanent aggregation of an adequate amount of monomers to guarantee adhesion and prevent rolling, and the cytosolic domain ensures adhesive robustness by interacting with the cytoskeleton. We propose a model in which quasi-immobile CX3CL1 bundles are organized to quickly generate adhesive patches with sufficiently high strength to capture CX3CR1+ leukocytes but with sufficiently low strength to allow their patrolling behavior.
Marchenko imaging: Imaging with primaries, internal multiples, and free-surface multiples

Recent work on retrieving the Green’s function with the Marchenko equation shows how these functions for a virtual source in the subsurface can be obtained from reflection data. The response to the virtual source is the Green’s function from the location of the virtual source to the surface. The Green’s function is retrieved using only the reflection response of the medium and an estimate of the first arrival at the surface from the virtual source. Current techniques, however, only include primaries and internal multiples. Therefore, all surface-related multiples must be removed from the reflection response prior to Green’s function retrieval. We have extended the Marchenko equation to retrieve the Green’s function that includes primaries, internal multiples, and free-surface multiples. In other words, we have retrieved the Green’s function in the presence of a free surface. The information needed for the retrieval is the same as the current techniques, with the only difference being that the reflection response now also includes free-surface multiples. The inclusion of these multiples makes it possible to include them in the imaging operator, and it obviates the need for surface-related multiple elimination. This type of imaging with Green’s functions is called Marchenko imaging.
Characteristics of TCP in IPN Environment

Nowadays, space missions display communication needs shifting away from the pure telecommunication standpoint. Present (Martian exploration, formation flying) and future (Moon, inhabited flights to Mars) missions give clear indications that the era of space networks in its widest sense is dawning. Interplanetary Internet (IPN) was proposed to define the architecture and protocols necessary to permit interoperation of the Internets resident on Earth with other remotely located internets resident on other planets or spacecraft in transit. InterPlanetary Networks are particularly challenging, considering that connectivity between nodes is usually transient due to orbital movements and planet rotations. In this article, we explore some shared traits of the mobile and space environments (Propagation Delays, Asymmetric Channels, Transmission Errors, Bandwidth-Delay Products, Intermittent Connectivity, and Limited Link Capacity) and their specific impact on the TCP Protocol. We studied TCP characteristics over Deep Space Communication, and present a comprehensive performance analysis of various TCP variant over IPN Environment
Video scene segmentation via continuous video coherence

In extended video sequences, individual frames are grouped into shots which are defined as a sequence taken by a single camera, and related shots are grouped into scenes which are defined as a single dramatic event taken by a small number of related cameras. This hierarchical structure is deliberately constructed, dictated by the limitations and preferences of the human visual and memory systems. We present three novel high-level segmentation results derived from these considerations, some of which are analogous to those involved in the perception of the structure of music. First and primarily, we derive and demonstrate a method for measuring probable scene boundaries, by calculating a short term memory-based model of shot-to-shot "coherence". The detection of local minima in this continuous measure permits robust and flexible segmentation of the video into scenes, without the necessity for first aggregating shots into clusters. Second, and independently of the first, we then derive and demonstrate a one-pass on-the-fly shot clustering algorithm. Third, we demonstrate partially successful results on the application of these two new methods to the next higher, "theme", level of video structure.
Range-based Navigation System for a Mobile Robot

In this paper we present an algorithm for path planning in a fixed range-only beacon field. We define and calculate entropy values for regions of interest and provide a method for finding "safe," low-entropy paths between regions. We go on to describe a robotic system for performing range-based localization experiments, developed using inexpensive off-the-shelf components. Our system uses a commercial robot as a mobile platform and custom acoustic beacons for ranging.
Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers

Simulations of 222Rn and other short-lived tracers are used to evaluate and intercompare the representations of convective and synoptic processes in 20 global atmospheric transport models. Results show that most established three-dimensional models simulate vertical mixing in the troposphere to within the constraints offered by the observed mean 222Rn concentrations and that subgrid parameterization of convection is essential for this purpose. However, none of the models captures the observed variability of 222Rn concentrations in the upper troposphere, and none reproduces the high 222Rn concentrations measured at 200 hPa over Hawaii. The established three-dimensional models reproduce the frequency and magnitude of high-222Rn episodes observed at Crozet Island in the Indian Ocean, demonstrating that they can resolve the synoptic-scale transport of continental plumes with no significant numerical diffusion. Large differences between models are found in the rates of meridional transport in the upper troposphere (interhemispheric exchange, exchange between tropics and high latitudes). The four two-dimensional models which participated in the intercomparison tend to underestimate the rate of vertical transport from the lower to the upper troposphere but show concentrations of 222Rn in the lower troposphere that are comparable to the zonal mean values in the three-dimensional models.
Study on binocular stereo camera calibration method

Camera calibration is a key technology in the application of the stereo visual system. On the basis of analyzing the OpenCV camera model and the existing calibration methods of a binocular vision system, a binocular camera calibration algorithm was designed to obtain the internal and external camera parameters. Considering the importance of corner extraction in the camera calibration, a new corner extraction algorithm of gradient threshold is proposed, which can effectively extract the corners. The experiments show that this method is easy to be carried out and the calibration results are stable and accurate, which can satisfy the requirements of binocular stereo visual system application.
HMM with explicit state duration for prognostics in face milling

In this paper, the development of hidden Markov model with explicit state duration (Variable duration HMM) for face milling residual life distribution prognostics is presented. An HMM with explicit state duration is constructed by involving explicit state duration probability. The HMM with explicit state duration offers significant advantages over the conventional HMM in prognostics. The reason why including explicit duration has been both verified theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Moreover, two types of state duration pdf (Gaussian and Weibull distribution) have also been studied. VDHMM based prognostics is demonstrated with the case study which is face milling application. In the case study, the mean residual life calculated from both conventional HMM and VDHMM has been compared with the natural mean residual life. The results of the case study has shown that including the state duration as both Gaussian and Weibull distribution perform better than the conventional HMM.
The design and implementation of component-based multimedia conferencing services model

Multimedia conference is a real-time communication service for multiple parties, which involve audio, video, white board and so on. In this paper, we introduce a layered and component-based multimedia conference model based on JAIN SLEE Specification, and design the couple of subservices, such as create-conference, end-conference, modify-conference, change-chairman, and so forth. Finally, we implement a prototype.
Application Layer Feedback-based SIP Server Overload Control

A SIP server may be overloaded by emergency-induced call volume, “American Idol” style flash crowd effects or denial of service attacks. The SIP server overload problem is interesting especially because the cost of serving and rejecting a SIP session could be in the same neighborhood. For this reason, the built-in SIP overload control mechanism based on generating rejection messages could not prevent the server from entering congestion collapse at heavy load. The SIP overload problem calls for a pushback control solution in which the potentially overloaded receiving server may notify its upstream sending servers to have them send only the amount of load within the receiving server’s processing capacity. The pushback framework can be achieved by SIP application layer rate-based feedback or window-based feedback. We propose three new window-based feedback algorithms and evaluate them together with two existing rate-based feedback algorithms. We compare the different algorithms in terms of number of tuning parameters and performance under both steady and dynamic load. Furthermore, we identify two categories of fairness requirements for SIP overload control, namely, user-centric and provider-centric fairness. With the introduction of a new double-feed SIP overload control architecture, we show how the algorithms can meet those fairness criteria.
CUDA Based GPU Programming to Simulate 3D Tissue Deformation

The medical training systems based on virtual simulation are highly desired since minimally invasive surgical techniques have become popular to patients. The training system helps surgeon trainees to acquire, practice and evaluate their surgical skills, and the key component of such a system is to simulate the dynamic procedure such as 3D biological tissue deformation in surgical operation. In our paper, an improved mass-spring model is proposed to represent the biological tissue surface, during which the virtual spring is introduced and utilized to help compensate the weakness of the conventional mass-spring model. Then Verlet integration is adopted to calculate the position of mass points during the deformation process without explicit computation of the velocity values. Finally the bilinear interpolation method is employed to generate one smooth mesh to render the deformed tissue surface. To speed up the simulation performance for surgical tissue deformation, CUDA based GPU computing is adopted, while related data structures and algorithm are designed and implemented for the parallel computation. Our proposed method has been tested by experiments and it has the ability to generate realistic biological tissue deformation images in real time.
Curcumin Prevents High Fat Diet Induced Insulin Resistance and Obesity via Attenuating Lipogenesis in Liver and Inflammatory Pathway in Adipocytes

Background Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of body weight gain and insulin resistance in response to high fat diet (HFD) by the curry compound curcumin need to be further explored. Although the attenuation of the inflammatory pathway is an accepted mechanism, a recent study suggested that curcumin stimulates Wnt signaling pathway and hence suppresses adipogenic differentiation. This is in contrast with the known repressive effect of curcumin on Wnt signaling in other cell lineages. Methodology and Principal Findings We conducted the examination on low fat diet, or HFD fed C57BL/6J mice with or without curcumin intervention for 28 weeks. Curcumin significantly attenuated the effect of HFD on glucose disposal, body weight/fat gain, as well as the development of insulin resistance. No stimulatory effect on Wnt activation was observed in the mature fat tissue. In addition, curcumin did not stimulate Wnt signaling in vitro in primary rat adipocytes. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited lipogenic gene expression in the liver and blocked the effects of HFD on macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory pathway in the adipose tissue. Conclusions and Significance We conclude that the beneficial effect of curcumin during HFD consumption is mediated by attenuating lipogenic gene expression in the liver and the inflammatory response in the adipose tissue, in the absence of stimulation of Wnt signaling in mature adipocytes.
Stimulation of A 2 a adenosine receptor abolishes the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the basolateral 50-pS K channel in the thick ascending limb

Wang M, Sui H, Li W, Wang J, Liu Y, Gu L, Wang W-H, Gu R. Stimulation of A2a adenosine receptor abolishes the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the basolateral 50-pS K channel in the thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F906–F913, 2011. First published January 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00617. 2010. —The basolateral 50-pS K channels are stimulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway and inhibited by cytochrome P-450-omega-hydroxylasedependent metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in the rat thick ascending limb (TAL). We now used the patch-clamp technique to examine whether stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor modulates the inhibitory effect of AA on the basolateral 50-pS K channels in the medullary TAL. Stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor with CGS21680 or inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with AACOCF3 increased the 50-pS K channel activity in the TAL. Western blot demonstrated that application of CGS-21680 decreased the phosphorylation of PLA2 at serine residue 505, an indication of inhibiting PLA2 activity. In the presence of CGS-21680, inhibition of PLA2 had no further effect on the basolateral 50-pS K channels. The possibility that CGS-21680-induced stimulation of the basolateral 50-pS K channels was partially achieved by inhibition of PLA2 in the TAL was also supported by the observation that CGS-21680 had no additional effect in the presence of AACOCF3. Moreover, stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor with CGS-21680 also abolished the inhibitory effect of AA and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on the 50-pS K channels. The effect of CGS-21680 on AA and 20-HETE-mediated inhibition of the 50-pS K channels was mediated by cAMP because application of membrane-permeable cAMP analog, dibutyryl-cAMP, not only increased the 50-pS K channel activity but also abolished the inhibitory effect of AA and 20HETE. We conclude that stimulation of adenosine A2a receptor increased the 50-pS K channel activity in the TAL, an effect that is achieved by suppression of PLA2 activity and 20-HETE-induced inhibition.
"Frequent Frames" in German Child-Directed Speech: A Limited Cue to Grammatical Categories

Mintz (2003) found that in English child-directed speech, frequently occurring frames formed by linking the preceding (A) and succeeding (B) word (A_x_B) could accurately predict the syntactic category of the intervening word (x). This has been successfully extended to French (Chemla, Mintz, Bernal, & Christophe, 2009). In this paper, we show that, as for Dutch (Erkelens, 2009), frequent frames in German do not enable such accurate lexical categorization. This can be explained by the characteristics of German including a less restricted word order compared to English or French and the frequent use of some forms as both determiner and pronoun in colloquial German. Finally, we explore the relationship between the accuracy of frames and their potential utility and find that even some of those frames showing high token-based accuracy are of limited value because they are in fact set phrases with little or no variability in the slot position.
Machine learning approaches for dealing with limited bilingual data in statistical machine translation

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) models learn how to translate by examining a bilingual parallel corpus containing sentences aligned with their human-produced translations. However, high quality translation output is dependent on the availability of massive amounts of parallel text in the source and target languages. There are a large number of languages that are considered low-density, either because the population speaking the language is not very large, or even if millions of people speak the language, insufficient online resources are available in that language. This thesis covers machine learning approaches for dealing with such situations in statistical machine translation where the amount of available bilingual data is limited. The problem of learning from insufficient labeled training data has been dealt with in machine learning community under two general frameworks: (i) Semi-supervised Learning, and (ii) Active Learning. The complex nature of machine translation task poses severe challenges to most of the algorithms developed in machine learning community for these two learning scenarios. In this thesis, I develop semi-supervised learning as well as active learning algorithms to deal with the shortage of bilingual training data for Statistical Machine Translation task, specific to cases where there is shortage of bilingual training data. This dissertation provides two approaches, unified in what is called the bootstrapping framework, to this problem. I assume that we are given access to a monolingual corpus containing large number of sentences in the source language, in addition to a small or moderate sized bilingual corpus. The idea is to take advantage of this readily available monolingual data in building a better SMT model in an iterative manner: By selecting an important subset of these monolingual sentences, preparing their translations, and using them together with the original sentence pairs to re-train the SMT model. When preparing the translation of the selected sentences, if we use a human annotator, then the framework fits into the
Provisioning algorithm for minimum throughput assurance service in VPNs using nonlinear programming

The traditional virtual private network (VPN), which provides best effort or static bandwidth allocation services, does not support bursty Internet traffic well. As a way of supporting bursty traffic, a VPN provider can offer minimum throughput assurance (MTA) service to customers. MTA service provides higher throughput predictability than best effort VPN service. Although there are many proposed network architectures for MTA service, certain parameters should be decided offline as provisioning. The difficulty in such provisioning is to meet the minimum throughput requirements in any active state matrices. We propose a provisioning algorithm that uses nonlinear programming for MTA service. We also quantitatively evaluate our algorithm and its performance.
An Investigation of Software Effort Phase Distribution Using Compositional Data Analysis

One of the most significant problems faced by project managers is to effectively distribute the project resources and effort among the various project activities. Most importantly, project success depends on how well, or how balanced, the work effort is distributed among the project phases. This paper aims to obtain useful information regarding the correlation of the composition of effort attributed in phases for around 1,500 software projects of the ISBSG R11 database based on a promising statistical method called Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA). The motivation for applying this analysis is the observation that certain types of project data (effort distributions and attributes) do not relate in a direct way but present a spurious correlation. Effort distribution is compared to the project life-cycle activities, organization type, language type, function points and other prime project attributes. The findings are beneficial for building a basis for software cost estimation and improving future empirical software studies.
A Case of Fissure-Like Pressure Ulcer on the Coccygeal Area Successfully Treated with Changing of Wound Dressing

A 61-year-old Japanese woman developed pressure ulcer on her sacral and coccygeal area due to a long-term bed rest. After she received the treatment by bucladesine sodium ointment, trafermin (recombinant human basic FGF) splay and TIELLE ® (Johnson & Johnson Co) hydropolymer dressing, the ulcer gradually reduced in size and depth. How- ever, the improvement of the fissure-like ulcer decelerated when the size became around 2X2cm. Thereafter the occlusion by hydrocolloid dressing was continued for around two years with only slight effect, decreasing the size to around 1X1cm. Finally, we changed the dressing to the hydropolymer dressing TIELLE ® plus, which can absorb superfluous ooz- ing well, because maceration was found on the perilesional skin. Then, the ulcer was rapidly healed and epithelized in two weeks, suggesting that the excess secretion had delayed of wound healing.
Social Book Search Track: ISM@INEX'14 Suggestion Task

This paper describes the work that we did at Indian School of Mines towards Social Book Search Track for INEX 2014. We submit- ted ve runs in its Suggestion Task. We investigated individual eect of title, group, mediated query, and narrative elds of the topics in our runs. For all the runs we used language modelling technique with Dirich- let smoothing. The run using only mediated query eld was our best. Overall, our performance is not satisfactory. However, as new entrant to the eld, our scores are encouraging enough to work for better results in future.
Innovation and the Role of the Cardiac Morphologist

He, and fellow morphologists, initiallyrevealed most of the secrets of normal cardiacstructure by careful dissection of hearts obtainedat cardiac autopsy. In the light of centuries ofsubsequent investigation, it is surprising that somany issues regarding the structure of not onlycongenitally malformed hearts, but also the normalheart, remain contentious. To take but one example,interpretations vary with regard to the precisenature and description of that part of the sub-pulmonary infundibulum adjacent to the aorticroot. Much of this discussion devolves on thetopology of the conal, or muscular outlet, septum, afeature that underscores some categorizations ofholes between the ventricles.