Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Structural Algorithm of Filtering Graphs for Layout

When the amount of information in visualization becomes large enough, users can not perceive all elements at the same time. This problem can be solved by removing parts of the information through the process of Filtering. In this paper, we present a novel method for filtering a graph by measuring the important role property of a node. The basic idea of this approach is to quantify the importance of a node as the degree to which it has direct and indirect relationships with the other nodes in a graph. All the nodes are ranked according to their Node Importance Scores, and those less important nodes and their associated edges are then removed or invisible. In comparison with the rule_based approach, our approach is a structure_based one that makes use of the linkage of nodes rather than their semantics. It can therefore be applied to filter any kinds of connected graphs. The examples and applications provided have demonstrated that our approach can effectively reduce the visual complexities.
EFFECT OF STEP LOADING ON THE LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLID POLYMERS USING FEM

Problems of step loading in one and two dimensions were investigated using FEM. 2D FE program was modified to study the linear and non-linear viscoelastic strain using non-linear viscoelastic model “Schapery’s model” as constitutive low along with spectrum of material properties. A very carefully selected four case studies covering an important part of viscoelastic behavior were solved for two types of solid polymers, Polyurethane and Poly (vinyl chloride). An excellent fit was obtained when comparing the predicted results with those obtained experimentally.
N‐acetyltransferase ARD1‐NAT1 regulates neuronal dendritic development

ARD1 and NAT1 constitute an N‐acetyltransferase complex where ARD1 holds the enzymatic activity of the complex. The ARD1–NAT1 complex mediates N‐terminal acetylation of nascent polypeptides that emerge from ribosomes after translation. ARD1 may also acetylate the internal lysine residues of proteins. Although ARD1 and NAT1 have been found in the brain, the physiological role and substrates of the ARD1–NAT1 complex in neurons remain unclear. Here we investigated role of N‐acetyltransferase activity in the process of neuronal development. Expression of ARD1 and NAT1 increased during dendritic development, and both proteins colocalized with microtubules in dendrites. The ARD1–NAT1 complex displayed acetyltransferase activity against a purified microtubule fraction in vitro. Inhibition of the complex limited the dendritic extension of cultured neurons. These findings suggest that the ARD1–NAT1 complex has acetyltransferase activity against microtubules in dendrites. Regulation by acetyltransferase activity is a novel mechanism that is required for dendritic arborization during neuronal development.
Statistical models to evaluate invertebrate–plant trophic interactions in arable systems

Abstract Over the past 40 years there have been marked shifts in arable farmland management that are widely believed to have had a considerable impact on flowering plants and invertebrates and the small mammals and birds that rely upon them. It is not yet possible to predict the dynamics of plants and invertebrates either with past or future changes in farmland management. This study investigates whether a basic invertebrate classification, formed of broad trophic groups, can be used to describe interactions between invertebrates and their resource plants and evaluate management impacts for genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional herbicide management in both spring- and winter-sown oilseed rape. It is argued that the analyses validate trophic-based approaches for describing the dynamics of invertebrates in farmland and that linear models might be used to describe the changes in invertebrate trophic group abundance in farmland when driven by primary producer abundance or biomass and interactions between invertebrates themselves. The analyses indicate that invertebrate dynamics under GMHT management are not unique, but similar to conventional management occurring over different resource ranges, and that dynamics differed considerably between spring- and winter-sown oilseed rape. Thus, herbicide management was of much lower impact on trophic relationships than sowing date. Results indicate that invertebrate dynamics in oilseed rape are regulated by a combination of top-down and bottom-up trophic processes.
Security and QOS centric protocols for P2P networks: current state of the art

Peer-to-peer (p2p) networking technologies have gained popularity as a mechanism for users to share files without the need for centralized servers. A p2p network provides a scalable and fault-tolerant mechanism to locate nodes anywhere on a network without maintaining a large amount of routing state. This allows for a variety of applications beyond simple file sharing. Examples include multicast systems, anonymous communications systems, and web caches. We envisage that an increasingly diverse set of applications will seek to make use of the growing pool of resources available around the edge of the network. here in this paper we brief the security and QOS issues of peer-to-peer networks that followed by current state of the art in handling these QOS and security issues.
Deficient Ghrelin Receptor-mediated Signaling Compromises Thymic Stromal Cell Microenvironment by Accelerating Thymic Adiposity*

With progressive aging, adipocytes are the major cell types that constitute the bulk of thymic microenvironment. Understanding the origin of thymic adipocytes and mechanisms responsible for age-related thymic adiposity is thus germane for the design of long lasting thymic rejuvenation strategies. We have recently identified that ghrelin, an orexigenic anti-inflammatory peptide, can partially reverse age-related thymic involution. Here we demonstrate that Ghrl and ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)) are expressed in thymic stromal cells and that their expression declines with physiological aging. Genetic ablation of ghrelin and GHSR leads to loss of thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and an increase in adipogenic fibroblasts in the thymus, suggesting potential cellular transitions. Using FoxN1Cre;R26RstopLacZ double transgenic mice, we provide qualitative evidence that thymic epithelial cells can transition to mesenchymal cells that express proadipogenic regulators in the thymus. We found that loss of functional Ghrl-GHSR interactions facilitates EMT and induces thymic adipogenesis with age. In addition, the compromised thymic stromal microenvironment due to lack of Ghrl-GHSR interactions is associated with reduced number of naive T cells. These data suggest that Ghrl may be a novel regulator of EMT and preserves thymic stromal cell microenvironment by controlling age-related adipocyte development within the thymus.
Computational rephotography

Rephotographers aim to recapture an existing photograph from the same viewpoint. A historical photograph paired with a well-aligned modern rephotograph can serve as a remarkable visualization of the passage of time. However, the task of rephotography is tedious and often imprecise, because reproducing the viewpoint of the original photograph is challenging. The rephotographer must disambiguate between the six degrees of freedom of 3D translation and rotation, and the confounding similarity between the effects of camera zoom and dolly. We present a real-time estimation and visualization technique for rephotography that helps users reach a desired viewpoint during capture. The input to our technique is a reference image taken from the desired viewpoint. The user moves through the scene with a camera and follows our visualization to reach the desired viewpoint. We employ computer vision techniques to compute the relative viewpoint difference. We guide 3D movement using two 2D arrows. We demonstrate the success of our technique by rephotographing historical images and conducting user studies.
Airline Hubs: Costs, Markups and the Implications of Customer Heterogeneity

This paper estimates a model of airline competition that captures the two major features of the industry: product differentiation and economies of density. The results not only provide support to some of the traditional common wisdom in the industry, but are also useful for understanding major puzzles concerning the evolution of the industry. The estimates indicate that a hubbing airline's ability to raise prices is focused on tickets that appeal to price-inelastic business travelers, who favor the origin-hub airline, even while paying an average premium of 20%. These high prices do not, however, provide a `monopoly umbrella' to other non-hub airlines. Finally, on the cost side there is evidence of economies of density (and therefore cost economies of hubbing) on longer routes. Consistent with the `Southwest Airlines' effect, there is no evidence of economies of density on shorter routes.
Photodynamic inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii using phenothiazinium dyes: In vitro and in vivo studies

Phenothiazinium dyes have been reported to be effective photosensitizers inactivating a wide range of microorganisms in vitro after illumination with red light. However, their application in vivo has not extensively been explored. This study evaluates the bactericidal activity of phenothiazinium dyes against multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii both in vitro and in vivo.
GridSpice: A Distributed Simulation Platform for the Smart Grid

This paper describes GridSpice, a scalable open-source simulation framework for modeling, designing, and planning of the smart grid. GridSpice seamlessly integrates existing electric power simulation tools to enable modeling of large electric networks that blur the boundaries between generation, transmission, distribution, and markets. This is achieved via a cloud-based architecture that allows for parallelizing large simulation jobs across many virtual machines using a pay-as-you-go model. GridSpice simulations can be managed through a Representational State Transfer (REST) application programming interface (API), or through a Python library, allowing users to run simulations programmatically and interface with disparate data inputs, energy management systems (EMS), distribution management systems (DMS), and postprocessing tools. These capabilities make GridSpice an ideal tool for the development and testing of new grid control and optimization algorithms. GridSpice also provides an easy-to-use browser-based interface to allow novice users to begin without any setup or configuration on their local PC. A first implementation of the GridSpice framework integrates Gridlab-D and MATPOWER as simulation tools, and has been used for projects including optimizing the placement of distributed generation and developing optimal dispatch schedules for flexible loads. The GridSpice framework and Gridlab-D are freely available in open-source under the BSD license.
Crystallographic Analysis and Mimicking of Estradiol Binding: Interpretation and Speculation

In their recent article, Gosavi et al. (2013) presented the results of a crystallographic analysis of the binding of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and 3-hydroxy-2,2´,4,4´-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (3-OH-BDE-47) to estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1). The authors demonstrated that the tested molecules fit into the same binding pocket as estradiol. However, although the study’s methodology and interpretation of the crystallographic analysis provide insight into how binding might occur in isolated and in vitro systems, they did not provide evidence that the tested molecules would initiate any biological activity with the relevant estrogen receptors (ERs) or proteins in a human body. For example, the ability of TBBPA to interact with the ER and estrogen-related receptors has been evaluated in recombinant yeast strains, mammalian cell–based assays, and tests developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Lee et al. 2012; Nakagawa et al. 2007; Ogunbayo et al. 2007, 2008; Reistad et al. 2005, 2007; Strack et al. 2007). Those studies found that TBBPA either did not interact with ERs or that it acted as a weak ER agonist/antagonist with a potency orders of magnitude below that of natural ER ligands. In addition, the data presented by Gosavi et al. (2013) did not include the use of controls to validate the methods. The use of both positive controls (such as diethylstilbestrol and ethinyl estradiol) and a negative control (such as testosterone) would provide validation of the analysis and allow for the quantification and comparison of the two test substances in relation to the binding potentials of the controls. The authors also speculated about the possible additivity of the various brominated flame retardants and their metabolites and suggested that low-dose exposure to multiple low-affinity binding compounds may result in endocrine disruption. However, none of the data presented directly addressed this point. It is highly complex, not well understood, and speculative to extrapolate data on inhibition of enzymes such as SULT1E1 in in vitro assay systems to endocrine-system modulation of selective gene expression, receptor binding, and activation and the production of adverse effects that would characterize endocrine disruption in vivo by additivity of different chemicals competing on the same receptors. Only through a more complete understanding of target tissue dosimetry, potency of interaction of the chemical of interest with the macromolecule of interest (e.g., SULT1E1), and subsequent events can one address the likelihood of in vivo additivity.
Laser based manufacturing of channels and improvement of their lifetime with sol-gel coatings

A preclinical device that mimics half blood vessel by using laser technologies has been developed. By employing a Nd:YVO4 laser a channel has been manufactured over soda-lime glass. Using a CO2 laser combined with a roller furnace, a thermal treatment has been applied to the channel to enhance its quality. The glass structure was employed as master to replicate the channel in PDMS by soft-lithography. To avoid the deterioration of the PDMS, channels were coated with three different sol-gel coatings compositions. Endothelial cells were cultured over the channels to determine the most suitable surface for cell growing.
Neural Attention Model for Classification of Sentences that Support Promoting/Suppressing Relationship

Evidences that support a claim “a subject phrase promotes or suppresses a value” help in making a rational decision. We aim to construct a model that can classify if a particular evidence supports a claim of a promoting/suppressing relationship given an arbitrary subject-value pair. In this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) with an attention model to classify such evidences. We incorporated a word embedding technique in an attention model such that our method generalizes for never-encountered subjects and value phrases. Benchmarks showed that the method outperforms conventional methods in evidence classification tasks.
Collaboration and abstract representations: towards predictive models based on raw speech and eye-tracking data

This study aims to explore the possibility of using machine learning techniques to build predictive models of performance in collaborative induction tasks. More specifically, we explored how signal-level data, like eye-gaze data and raw speech may be used to build such models. The results show that such low level features have effectively some potential to predict performance in such tasks. Implications for future applications design are shortly discussed.
BhuR, a Virulence-Associated Outer Membrane Protein of Bordetella avium, Is Required for the Acquisition of Iron from Heme and Hemoproteins

ABSTRACT Iron (Fe) is an essential element for most organisms which must be obtained from the local environment. In the case of pathogenic bacteria, this fundamental element must be acquired from the fluids and tissues of the infected host. A variety of systems have evolved in bacteria for efficient acquisition of host-bound Fe. The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella avium, upon colonization of the avian upper respiratory tract, produces a disease in birds that has striking similarity to whooping cough, a disease caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis. We describe a B. avium Fe utilization locus comprised of bhuR and six accessory genes (rhuIR and bhuSTUV). Genetic manipulations of B. avium confirmed that bhuR, which encodes a putative outer membrane heme receptor, mediates efficient acquisition of Fe from hemin and hemoproteins (hemoglobin, myoglobin, and catalase). BhuR contains motifs which are common to bacterial heme receptors, including a consensus FRAP domain, an NPNL domain, and two TonB boxes. An N-terminal 32-amino-acid segment, putatively required for rhuIR-dependent regulated expression of bhuR, is present in BhuR but not in other bacterial heme receptors. Two forms of BhuR were observed in the outer membrane of B. avium: a 91-kDa polypeptide consistent in size with the predicted mature protein and a smaller 82-kDa polypeptide which lacks the 104 amino acids found at the N terminus of the 91-kDa form. A mutation in hemA was engineered in B. avium to demonstrate that the bacterium transports heme into the cytoplasm in a BhuR-dependent manner. The role of BhuR in virulence was established in turkey poults by use of a competitive-infection model.
Biotinylation in vivo as a sensitive indicator of protein secretion and membrane protein insertion

Escherichia coli biotin ligase is a cytoplasmic protein which specifically biotinylates the biotin-accepting domains from a variety of organisms. This in vivo biotinylation can be used as a sensitive signal to study protein secretion and membrane protein insertion. When the biotin-accepting domain from the 1.3S subunit of Propionibacterium shermanii transcarboxylase (PSBT) is translationally fused to the periplasmic proteins alkaline phosphatase and maltose-binding protein, there is little or no biotinylation of PSBT in wild-type E. coli. Inhibition of SecA with sodium azide and mutations in SecB, SecD, and SecF, all of which slow down protein secretion, result in biotinylation of PSBT. When PSBT is fused to the E. coli inner membrane protein MalF, it acts as a topological marker: fusions to cytoplasmic domains of MalF are biotinylated, and fusions to periplasmic domains are generally not biotinylated. If SecA is inhibited by sodium azide or if the SecE in the cell is depleted, then the insertion of the MalF second periplasmic domain is slowed down enough that PSBT fusions in this part of the protein become biotinylated. Compared with other protein fusions that have been used to study protein translocation, PSBT fusions have the advantage that they can be used to study the rate of the insertion process.
An Incremental Frequency Reuse Scheme for an OFDMA Cellular System and Its Performance

We propose an incremental frequency reuse (IFR) scheme that reuses effectively the radio spectrum through systematic segment allocation over a cluster of adjoining cells. It divides the entire frequency spectrum into several spectrum segments. Based on the above segmentation, a set of cell- specific segment allocation sequences is designed for universal frequency reuse. Here, each sequence defines its own base segment and allocation order. The designed sequences are then assigned to respective cells over the cell cluster. In this scheme, the base segments over the cell cluster are mutually non-overlapped and collectively exhausted, and the added segments are interfered with from surrounding cells, but only in an incremental and coordinated manner. Hence, the proposed scheme can provide better reuse efficiency over the conventional ones such as the classical universal frequency reuse scheme and the soft frequency reuse (SFR) scheme. In addition, the simple and flexible IFR scheme can be easily configured as most existing reuse schemes only by redefining the set of segment allocation sequences. A system-level simulator for an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular system covering surrounding cells up to 3rd-tier has been implemented. Simulation results show that the IFR scheme provides quite better reuse efficiency as compared to the classical universal reuse scheme and the SFR scheme, especially at the cell-edge region.
The Influence of Weight-of-Evidence Messages on (Vaccine) Attitudes: A Sequential Mediation Model

Media coverage of contentious risk issues often features competing claims about whether a risk exists and what scientific evidence shows, and journalists often cover these issues by presenting both sides. However, for topics defined by scientific agreement, balanced coverage erroneously heightens uncertainty about scientific information and the issue itself. In this article, we extend research on combating so-called information and issue uncertainty using weight of evidence, drawing on the discredited autism–vaccine link as a case study. We examine whether people's perceptions of issue uncertainty (about whether a link exists) change before and after they encounter a news message with weight-of-evidence information. We also explore whether message exposure is associated with broader issue judgments, specifically vaccine attitudes. Participants (n = 181) read news articles that included or omitted weight-of-evidence content stating that scientific studies have found no link and that scientists agree that none exists. Postexposure issue uncertainty decreased—in other words, issue certainty increased—from preexposure levels across all conditions. Moreover, weight-of-evidence messages were associated with positive vaccine attitudes indirectly via reduced information uncertainty (i.e., one's belief that scientific opinion and evidence concerning a potential link is unclear) as well as issue uncertainty. We discuss implications for risk communication.
A Probabilistic Approach to Chinese Unknown Words Recognition

In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to recognize Chinese unknown words synchronized with Chinese words segmentation. The proposed method generates unknown word candidates according to their internal characters and puts them into the segmentation digraph as vertices just like known words. Each edge of the segmentation digraph is weighted with statistics derived from the training corpus. When select the correct segmentation path from the digraph unknown words can be identified. This method can avoid errors in unknown words recognition brought up by segmentation and improves the precision of unknown words recognition as well as the correctness of words segmentation. Experimental results show the method obtains ideal precision and recall rates for Chinese personal names recognition.
On-Device Bug Reporting for Android Applications

Bugs that surface in mobile applications can be difficult to reproduce and fix due to several confounding factors including the highly GUI-driven nature of mobile apps, varying contextual states, differing platform versions and device fragmentation. It is clear that developers need support in the form of automated tools that allow for more precise reporting of application defects in order to facilitate more efficient and effective bug fixes. In this paper, we present a tool aimed at supporting application testers and developers in the process of On-Device Bug Reporting. Our tool, called ODBR, leverages the uiautomator framework and low-level event stream capture to offer support for recording and replaying a series of input gesture and sensor events that describe a bug in an Android application.