Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Jihad and the Level of Radicalism among Pesantren Leaders in Indonesia

The phenomena of extremism and radicalism that potentially lead to an act of terrorism still widespread in the world and becoming a global challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe radical mindset among the Islamic school leaders in Indonesia. The subject of this study was 225 leaders of Islamic boarding school that is called Pesantren in West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using survey and interview. The result of this study was that there are still elements of radicalism and fundamentalism in the mind of pesantren leaders when they constructed the meaning of jihad. The ambivalently or inconsistency also occurred in their mind. In the one hand they have supported the compatibility of democracy with Islamic teaching, but on another hand, they also supported the establishment of the theocratic caliphate. Some of them also still maintained the element of sharia law which contained discrimination and intolerant to be applied in Indonesia. This finding implies that reconstructing the Islamic teaching that more familiar with the value of tolerance, democracy, and modernity in all level of educational institution in Indonesia is badly needed in order to prevent the widespread of radical element as early as possible
Impact of social and economic characteristics on orthodontic treatment among children and teenagers in France.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of orthodontic treatment in France among children and teenagers aged 8-18 years, by sex and by age, and to investigate the specific role of social and economic characteristics on use of orthodontic treatment. METHODS We analyzed data from the cross-sectional national health survey conducted in France in 2002-2003, which included a sample of 5988 children aged 8-18 years. All data were collected by interview including the question on orthodontic treatment. Other data used in our study were family social status and income, maternal educational attainment and place of birth, whether the child was covered by a supplementary health insurance and whether the residence was urban or rural. We also calculated the density of orthodontists in the district. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to study the relationships between these social and economic factors and orthodontic treatment. RESULTS The prevalence of orthodontic treatment was 14% of all children aged 8-18, 15% for girls, and 13% for boys, and 23% in the 12 to 15-year age group. Children were less likely to have orthodontic treatment when parents were service or sales workers compared with children whose parents were managers or professionals (aOR = 0.50; 95%CI: [0.34;0.76]), when family income was in the lowest, compared with highest quartile (aOR = 0,62; 95% CI: [0.45;0.85]), when children had no supplementary insurance compared with children covered by private insurance (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI: [0.34; 0.81]), or when they lived in rural compared with urban areas (aOR = 0.70; 95% CI: [0.54; 0.91]). CONCLUSION There are social inequalities in orthodontic treatment in France, associated mainly with social status, annual income, supplementary insurance, and the residence area.
A Tale of Three Musketeers of Alternative Finance: Stagnating Microcredit, Growing P2P Online Lending and Striving for Slow Money

In the aftermath of the funding problems that swept the world after the 2006-2008 financial crises, people took the initiative to find alternative sources of funding by bypassing the conventional financial institutions. Alternative finance links individuals who have extra funds with those who need them. While different types of alternative finance seem to address similar issues, as a function of solidarity and cooperation in a demanding market, they have not experienced the same performance. Why? This paper aims to provide insights to answer this question. Three types of alternative finance are considered: microcredit (microfinance), P2P online lending (crowdfunding), and slow money.JEL Codes: G20
Histopathological Effects in Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) Exposed to Methyl Mercury Chloride

To evaluate the usefulness of histopathology in aquatic toxicity testing, studies were carried out on the small freshwater fish Poecilia reticulata (guppy) following aqueous methyl mercury chloride exposure. Fish were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, or 10 μg/L for 1 and 3 months. Histopathological changes included the occurrence of multiple granulomas in various tissues, in particular, the integument and orbit. These changes were accompanied by hyperplasia of monocytopoietic interrenal tissue, and hepatocellular change which was confirmed by morphometry. The latter findings were probably a result of monocyte "consumption" by granulomas, and hepatic synthesis of ("stress") proteins, respectively. The bile duct and, focally, the proximal intestine, showed hyperplasia of the epithelium. In the testis of sexually mature fish (3-month study), degeneration and necrosis of sperm occurred, with severe cases exhibiting Sertoli cell hypertrophy, interstitial inflammation, and absence of mature sperm. Epidermal mucous cells disappeared in the highest concentration used, and, after 3 months, clusters of undifferentiated basophilic cells were seen in the gas gland, which occasionally were suggestive of malignant growth. The changes in the kidney tubules were characterized by degeneration and necrosis of single cells which also showed mitotic figures. This is considered a result of the mitosis-disturbing activity of methyl mercury (MeHg). It is concluded that MeHg has effects on various target organs in guppies with the occurrence of granulomas as the most sensitive indicator, yielding a no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 1.0 μg/L. In contrast to mammalian species, no morphologic evidence for neurotoxicity was found.
Signal recovery in imaging photoplethysmography

Imaging photoplethysmography is an emerging technique for the extraction of biometric information from people using video recordings. The focus is on extracting the cardiac heart rate of the subject by analysing the luminance of the colour video signal and identifying periodic components. Advanced signal processing is needed to recover the information required. In this paper, independent component analysis (ICA), principal component analysis, auto- and cross-correlation are investigated and compared with respect to their effectiveness in extracting the relevant information from video recordings. Results obtained are compared with those recorded by a modern commercial finger pulse oximeter. It is found that ICA produces the most consistent results.
Substituting poly- and mono-unsaturated fat for dietary carbohydrate reduces hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Objective: Hyperinsulinemia is a prevalent feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), contributing to metabolic and reproductive manifestations of the syndrome. Weight loss reduces hyperinsulinemia but weight regain is the norm, thus preventing long-term benefits. In the absence of weight loss, replacement of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) with mono/polyunsaturated fat reduces ambient insulin concentrations in non-PCOS subjects. The current study evaluated whether this dietary intervention could ameliorate hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. Design/setting/patients: Obese women with PCOS (BMI 39 ± 7 kg/m2) and insulin resistance completed a crossover study (Stanford University Clinical Research Center) comparing two isocaloric diets, prepared by research dietitians, containing 60% CHO/25% fat versus 40% CHO/45% fat (both 15% protein and ≤7% saturated fat). After 3 weeks on each diet, daylong glucose, insulin, and fasting lipid/lipoproteins were measured. Results: Daylong glucose did not differ according to diet. Daylong insulin concentrations were substantially (30%) and significantly lower on the low CHO/higher fat diet. Beneficial changes in lipid profile were also observed. Conclusions: Replacement of dietary CHO with mono/polyunsaturated fat yields clinically important reductions in daylong insulin concentrations, without adversely affecting lipid profile in obese, insulin-resistant women with PCOS. This simple and safe dietary intervention may constitute an important treatment for PCOS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00186459
The socio‐economical burden of hypersomnia

Jennum P, Kjellberg J. The socio‐economical burden of hypersomnia. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 265–270. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard.
Establishment and characterization of two new human embryonic stem cell lines, SYSU-1 and SYSU-2.

BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem cells can propagate indefinitely in vitro and are able to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. The excitement surrounding human embryonic stem cells lies largely in their potential to produce specialized cells that can be used for transplant therapies. However, further investigation requires additional cell lines with varying genetic background. Therefore, efforts to derive and establish more human embryonic stem cell lines are highly warranted. METHODS Surplus embryos (blastocysts) from donors were used to isolate the inner cell mass by immunosurgery. All cells were cultured continuously on irradiated murine embryonic fibroblasts feed layer and likely human embryonic stem cell colonies were subsequently characterized by cell surface marker staining, karyotyping and teratoma formation. RESULTS Two human embryonic stem cell lines (SYSU-1 and SYSU-2) were established from surplus embryos. The two lines express several pluripotency markers including alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-4, Tra-1-60, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1. They remain in undifferentiated state with normal karyotype after prolonged passages and can form embryoid bodies in vitro and teratoma in vivo. CONCLUSION Two new human embryonic stem cell lines have been established from surplus embryos. They can be used to understand selfrenewal and differentiating mechanisms and provide more choices for regenerative medicine.
A 20 Gb/s CMOS Optical Receiver With Limited-Bandwidth Front End and Local Feedback IIR-DFE

Implementation of highly integrated optical receivers in CMOS promises low cost, but combining high gain, low noise, high bandwidth, and low power in a CMOS transimpedance amplifier is a challenge. Fortunately, the sensitivity of an optical receiver is improved by limiting its frontend bandwidth far below the symbol rate and using equalization to eliminate the resulting intersymbol interference (ISI). Analysis reveals that when using a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) to cancel all postcursor ISI, receiver sensitivity is optimized by taking a front-end bandwidth as low as 0.12 fbit, depending upon the frequency response and noise spectrum assumed for the front end. This paper presents a 20 Gb/s optical receiver with a front-end bandwidth of 3 GHz. The front end is designed to have an approximately first-order response, ensuring only postcursor ISI, which may be efficiently canceled with a first-order infinite-impulse response DFE (IIR-DFE). An IIR-DFE circuit is also proposed that obviates the need for an explicit full-rate multiplexor. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, the receiver achieves 0.705 pJ/b efficiency with the IIR-DFE consuming 150 fJ/b. Using a photodiode with 12 GHz analog bandwidth and responsivity of 0.5 A/W, the receiver has a sensitivity of -5.8 dBm optically modulated amplitude.
Theoretical Analysis of the Deflection of a Cantilever Plate for Wirebonding on Overhang Applications

Explicit analytic solutions of the deflection of the overhang during the wirebonding process were derived. The wirebonding on overhang were modeled as a cantilever plate subjected to concentrated force at the corner or edge. Depending on the length of the overhang and the position of the bonding pad, the cantilever plate was divided into three types. The first is a rectangular plate whose two adjacent edges are free and the others clamped, which represents the deflection at the corner. The second is a cantilever plate whose three edges are free. And the third is a semi-infinite cantilever plate, which represents the middle of an edge that is sufficiently far from the corner. Ritz's approximation method employing polynomial function was applied and the deflection was successfully achieved. Critical locations, where the maximum or minimum deflection occurred, were at the corner and at the middle of the edge. The deflections at these locations were obtained in an explicit form where the material properties, chip thickness, overhang length, and applied force are taken into consideration. The solution was expanded to an anisotropic plate to consider the material anisotropy of a silicon wafer, and a multilayered plate to consider several layers on a chip.
Hierarchical Classification of Bird Species Using Their Audio Recorded Songs

In this paper we address the task of hierarchical bird species identification from audio recordings. We evaluate three types of approaches to deal with hierarchical classification problems: the flat classification approach, the local-model per parent node classifier approach and the global-model hierarchical-classification approach. For the flat and local-model classification approach we employ the classic Naive Bayes algorithm. For the global-model approach we use the Global Model Naive Bayes (GMNB) algorithm. As in the classical Naive Bayes, the algorithm computes prior probabilities and likelihoods, but these computations take into account the hierarchical classification scenario: it assumes that any example which belongs to a given class will also belong to all its ancestor classes. In the current application, the employed class hierarchy is the standard scientific taxonomy of birds used in Biology. In order to deal with the bird songs we obtain features by computing several acoustic quantities from intervals of the audio signal. We conduct three experiments in order to compare the three different approaches to the hierarchical bird species identification problem. Our experimental results show that the use of the GMNB hierarchical classification algorithm outperforms both the flat and local-model approaches (Using the Hierarchical F-measure metric), hence the use of a global-model approach (such as the GMNB) can be a feasible way to improve the classification performance for problems with a large number of classes.
Hepatic integrity dependent on matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, not tumor necrosis factor alpha or different bleeding rates.

Discrepancies in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) following hemorrhagic shock (HS) may be due to the inconsistent rates of bleeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid versus slow bleeding rates on TNF-alpha levels and if inhibition of TNF-alpha convertase by a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) affects hepatic integrity in animals exposed to 35% HS. Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 24, 300-350 g) were divided into four groups: HS 15 (produced over 15 min), HS 30 (produced over 30 min), and HS with MMPI (2.5 mg/kg British Biotech 1101: HS15 + MMPI, HS30 + MMPI). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), serum TNF-alpha,levels, and hepatic resting membrane potentials (E(m)) were obtained. A Student t test was performed. TNF-alpha levels for HS 15, HS15 + MMPI, HS 30, and HS 30 + MMPI were 474, 40, 32, and 50 pg/ml, respectively. The hepatic resting membrane potentials for HS 15, HS15 + MMPI, HS 30, and HS 30 + MMPI were -26, -30, -23, and -31 mV, respectively. In conclusion, circulating TNF-alpha levels are affected by the rate of bleeding in hemorrhagic shock. However, despite the differences in the magnitude of TNF-alpha in untreated animals, hepatic integrity was compromised. Interestingly, MMPI, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha convertase, stabilizes the membrane potential in both types of hemorrhagic shock.
Does it Matter Who Pays for Auto Injuries?

In many states, auto insurers rather than health insurers pay for a substantial fraction of the medical care following auto crashes. We examine whether payer identity affects the care received by auto injury patients. A 2003 Colorado reform shifted a large fraction of auto injury patients from coverage through auto insurers to the traditional health insurance system. Despite negligible changes in auto injury characteristics during this period, treatment supply increased following the reform. Procedure use rose by 5&#8211;10 percent and billed charges rose by 5 percent. These changes reflect an increase in resources devoted to treatment, yet do not improve mortality.
Differential Mechanisms of Tenofovir and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Cellular Transport and Implications for Topical Preexposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRACT Intravaginal rings releasing tenofovir (TFV) or its prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), are being evaluated for HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) prevention. The current studies were designed to determine the mechanisms of drug accumulation in human vaginal and immune cells. The exposure of vaginal epithelial or T cells to equimolar concentrations of radiolabeled TDF resulted in over 10-fold higher intracellular drug levels than exposure to TFV. Permeability studies demonstrated that TDF, but not TFV, entered cells by passive diffusion. TDF uptake was energy independent but its accumulation followed nonlinear kinetics, and excess unlabeled TDF inhibited radiolabeled TDF uptake in competition studies. The carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-nitrophenyl phosphate reduced TDF uptake, suggesting saturability of intracellular carboxylesterases. In contrast, although TFV uptake was energy dependent, no competition between unlabeled and radiolabeled TFV was observed, and the previously identified transporters, organic anion transporters (OATs) 1 and 3, were not expressed in human vaginal or T cells. The intracellular accumulation of TFV was reduced by the addition of endocytosis inhibitors, and this resulted in the loss of TFV antiviral activity. Kinetics of drug transport and metabolism were monitored by quantifying the parent drugs and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results were consistent with the identified mechanisms of transport, and the exposure of vaginal epithelial cells to equimolar concentrations of TDF compared to TFV resulted in ∼40-fold higher levels of the active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate. Together, these findings indicate that substantially lower concentrations of TDF than TFV are needed to protect cells from HIV and HSV-2.
TEPCO’s (Tokyo Electric Power Co Holdings) Stock Behaviour in the Long Run

Noting the huge impact of the Fukushima accident on TEPCO’s (Tokyo Electric Power Co Holdings) activity and stock price, this study investigates the long-run patterns of returns and volatility of its stock, relative to the main return and volatility features of the Nikkei 225 over the past 30 years. The best fitting volatility for both series comes from an asymmetric power GARCH model; the standard deviation of volatility does not depend primarily on large innovations. For the Nikkei, large negative changes are not more clustered than positive changes. A regime-switching correlation model with three states reveals that a high correlation regime is the most frequent for TEPCO, with low switching probability, whereas the regime associated with the Fukushima crisis is less persistent. A strong interaction arises between the less common regimes, but the stable, low volatility regime appears mostly independent. In two regimes, the Nikkei returns have significant and negative effects on TEPCO returns, but the reverse is not true. The Fukushima environmental and industrial crisis thus could spark a new energetic era in Japan, including a real transition toward more environmentally friendly electric power.
Do Practitioner Assessments Agree with Academic Proxies for Audit Quality? Evidence from PCAOB and Internal Inspections

This study investigates the degree of concordance between fifteen measures of audit quality used in academia and two measures of audit process quality determined either by audit firms’ internal inspections or by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board inspections of individual engagements. Using two confidential datasets of these assessments of audit process quality, I find that three of the measures of audit quality used by academics have significant associations with both measures of audit process deficiencies used by auditors and regulators: (i) the propensity to restate financial statements, (ii) the propensity to meet or beat the zero earnings threshold, and (iii) audit fees. Seven academic proxies are significantly associated with only one audit process quality measure, and five have insignificant associations with both practitioner assessments. Overall, the significant associations indicate that practitioners and academics share common ground in identifying low-quality audits. These findings can provide guidance for future studies in selecting audit-quality proxies suitable for different research questions.
Effects of bottle feeding and two different methods of gavage feeding on oxygenation and breathing patterns in preterm infants

Objective To determine the effect of bottle feeding, as compared to two methods of gavage feeding, on apnoea, bradycardia and oxygen desaturation frequency. Patients: Thirty preterm infants breathing room air; gestational age 28.6 ± 2.1 weeks at birth and 34 ± 1.4 weeks at study (mean ± SD). Methods: Nine‐hour recordings of pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2), pulse waveforms, electrocardiogram, breathing movements and nasal airflow. Administration of 21 ± 1.5 ml/kg of milk/feed in 3‐h intervals using three different feeding techniques in random order: bottle feeding, bolus gavage feeding, and slow gavage feeding (1 h). Analysis of recordings for apnoeas (≥4 s, bradycardias (heart rate < 2/3 of baseline), and episodic desaturation (SpO2≤ 80%). Results: There were three times more desaturations with bottle feeding than with bolus gavage feeding (p < 0.001), but no further reduction with slow gavage feeding. With all three feeding techniques, there were significantly more desaturations in the hour when the feeds were given than during the following 2 h. The deleterious effects of bottle feeding were most evident during the hour of feeding, but desaturation frequency remained significantly higher than with gavage feeding during the following 2h. There was no significant effect of feeding technique on the frequency of apnoea or bradycardia. Conclusions: Preterm infants who are normally oxygenated in room air may have significant desaturation during bottle feeding. Such desaturation can be effectively reduced by gavage feeding. Slow gavage feeding offers no advantage over bolus gavage feeding with respect to the avoidance of hypoxaemia.