Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Evolution From Rectifier Schottky Diode to Resistive-Switching Memory With Al-Doped Zinc Tin Oxide Film

We demonstrate a metal sandwiched Al-doped zinc tin oxide (AZTO) thin-film device to exhibit a characteristic evolution process from Schottky junction diode to resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) applications. The proposed TiN/Ti/AZTO/Pt device can initially show good rectifying characteristics and high forward-bias current for Schottky diodes. After applying with an electrically triggered forming process, the transition of electrical behavior occurs and evolves from the diode to RRAM characteristics. The RRAM device exhibits the coexistence of bipolar and unipolar resistive-switching modes through the positive-bias forming and reversed-bias forming process, respectively. In addition, the RRAM device with bipolar mode can perform the functionality of multilevel cell storage, while the one with unipolar mode shows stable resistive-switching performance. Furthermore, one-transistor and one-resistor (1T1R) architecture with an RRAM cell connected with a thin-film transistor (TFT) device is developed in this paper. The TFT device using AZTO film as an active channel layer performs good electrical characteristics for a driver in the 1T1R operation scheme. The integration of AZTO-based electronic devices has great potential for increasing the application diversity of metal oxide AZTO thin film as well as the flexibility of circuit design in the emerging optoelectronic technologies.
Characterization and engineering of hexaric and hexuronic acid pathways in fungal microorganisms

Citrus juice production and sugar beet processing produce pectin-rich residues which are mainly used as animal feed. Food industry also uses pectin produced from citrus peel as gelling agent. The main constituent of pectin is D-galacturonic acid. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is naturally capable of hydrolyzing pectin and it can catabolize galacturonic acid through pyruvate and glycerol. Hence, pectin-rich residues could provide a cost effective alternative for producing value-added products, for example, galactaric acid which has many potential applications in polymer synthesis and as a platform chemical. Galactaric acid could be produced by engineered A. niger. However, the acid is catabolized by the mould resulting in the lowered yield. This catabolic pathway of galactaric acid is still not known. The objectives of the Master’s thesis were to unravel the pathway for galactaric acid catabolism, characterize the proteins and construct a galactaric acid producing A. niger strain. In this study, eight potential genes involved in the catabolic pathways were investigated. The genes were deleted from the wild-type strain ATCC 1015 utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and galactaric acid utilization of the resulting mutant strains was investigated. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report of using in vitro gRNA successfully in A. niger for targeted gene deletion by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool. Three of the investigated genes, 39114, 1090836 and 1121140, were concluded to be involved in the pathway. Blocking galacturonic and galactaric acid pathways by deleting genes gaaA and 39114, respectively, and expressing a heterologous gene udh, A. niger ΔgaaA udh Δ39114 was able to produce 4.3 ± 0.2 g/l galactaric acid from galacturonic acid in submerged fermentation. In solid-state and submerged fermentation, the strain produced 15.4 ± 0.6 and 82.3 ± 3.9 mg galactaric acid/g citrus processing waste on dry mass basis, respectively.
Forensic otoscopy - new method of human identification.

Vis dažniau į nusikaltimų tyrimo praktiką patenka netradiciniai žmogaus pėdsakai: lūpų, veido ir ausų. Autorius siūlo ausų pėdsakus kriminalistikoje vadinti otoskopiniaias pėdsakais. Straipsnyje autorius pateikia savo atliktų ausų pėdsakų tyrimų, kurių metu buvo istirta 1500 asmenų (590 moterų ir 910 vyrų, kurių amžius buvo nuo 15 iki 60 metų) 9000 ausų pėdsakai, rezultatus. Tiriant surinktą medžiagą buvo patvirtintas ausų isorinės sandaros unikalumas ir morfologinių požymių nekintamumas. Sių tyrimą rezultatais ir buvo pagrįsta ausų identifikacijos galimybė. Tyrimo metu ausys pagal jų formą buvo suskirstytos į grupes. Kiekvienas ausies pėdsakas buvo suskirstytas į 24 sritis. Kiekvienoje srityje buvo isskirti požymiai. Remiantis statistiniais apskaiciavimais pagal jų pasikartojimo dažnumą, sie požymiai buvo susisteminti ir klasifikuoti Atlikto tyrimo metu buvo pagrįstas ir požymių pakankamumas identifikuojant ausį. Otoskopinius tyrimus, kaip mokslinį įrodymą, pripažįsta Lenkijos teismas.
Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase expression profiles in tracheal aspirates do not adequately reflect tracheal or lung tissue profiles in neonatal respiratory distress: Observations from an animal model

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression in tracheal aspirates (TA) is commonly assayed to represent the protein profile in the lung. This study tests the hypothesis that the profile of MMPs 2, 7, and 9 and the profile of TIMPs 1 and 2 will be different in TA, tracheal tissue, and lung tissue in neonatal respiratory distress. Design: Interventional laboratory study. Setting: An academic medical research facility in northeastern United States. Subjects: Oleic acid–injured, spontaneously breathing newborn piglets. Interventions: Ten piglets (3–4 days old, 2.4 ± 0.4 kg) were instrumented, injured by intravenous administration of oleic acid, and supported on continuous positive airway pressure of 2–5 cm H2O, with or without exogenous surfactant, depending on physiologic requirements. Measurement and Main Results: After 6 hrs, TA, trachea, and lung were obtained for MMP/TIMP analysis by substrate zymography/reverse zymography. TA contained less active (p < .01) and more latent (p < .05) MMP-2 than trachea and lung, and the active/latent ratio was less in TA than in both tissues (p < .01). TA and trachea contained more total (p < .05) and active (p < .01) MMP-9 than did the lung; TA contained more active MMP-9 than trachea (p < .01). MMP-7 was greater in all forms relative to total protein (p < .01) from both tissues compared with TA. Trachea contained more latent MMP-7 than lung (p < .01). TIMP-1 was different across protein sources (p < .01) where TA < trachea < lung. The active MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio was lower in TA than in lung (p < .01); the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio had a significant trend (p < .01) where TA > trachea > lung. Conclusions: The MMP/TIMP profiles in TA do not adequately represent the profiles in either trachea or lung. Thus, MMP/TIMP profiles from TA are limited and should be interpreted for trends rather than actual tissue levels.
Co-Design and Demonstration of a 25-Gb/s Silicon-Photonic Mach–Zehnder Modulator With a CMOS-Based High-Swing Driver

This paper discusses the design considerations of Silicon-based Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) transmitters, consisting of the design of a Si-Photonic MZI modulator and a CMOS-based modulator driver. III-V and silicon-photonic MZMs are compared with respect to electrode design, driving scheme, and velocity matching. A 25-Gb/s hybrid-integrated silicon photonic MZM transmitter is then demonstrated, composed of a 65-nm bulk-CMOS driver directly wire bonded to a 180-nm SOI-CMOS MZM. The driver employs push-pull unit cells to save approximately 40% dc power while delivering 6.4 VPP differential swing to the modulator. Multiple driver cells are distributed along artificial on-chip transmission-lines, extending the bandwidth by 6 times. The lateral PN-interleaved MZM is designed and optimally biased to reach a balance of high-speed with acceptable optical extinction ratio (ER). Experimental results show that the fully assembled Si-Photonic transmitter (including PCB and wire-bonding losses) achieves approximately 11-GHz bandwidth, 6.4 VPP differential output swing, clean 25-Gb/s optical eye diagrams with 4-dB ER, and 520-mW dc power.
Mejorando la accesibilidad de los "serious games" mediante herramientas de autoría

Los juegos digitales (termino paraguas que abarca tanto videojuegos como juegos de ordenador y para dispositivos moviles) se han convertido en un fenomeno sociocultural y economico. En los ultimos anos este fenomeno ha traspasado la frontera del ambito ludico, permeando en otros entornos como la educacion, dando origen a lo que informalmente se conoce como serious games (juegos digitales aplicados con proposito no ludico). La desventaja de los serious games es que su nivel de accesibilidad es muy bajo, lo que pone a las personas con discapacidad en riesgo de exclusion. El problema es especialmente relevante cuando los juegos digitales se introducen en el aula, puesto que la educacion constituye un derecho fundamental para el desarrollo de todos los seres humanos.La baja accesibilidad de los serious games se debe en gran medida al esfuerzo que supone para los desarrolladores, que deben realizar multiples adaptaciones en el diseno e interfaz del juego, asi como desarrollar nueva tecnologia (p.ej. motores de sintesis de voz) para adecuar el juego a las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad. Es por esto que esta tesis considera al desarrollador como una pieza esencial sobre la que trabajar para aumentar el nivel de accesibilidad de los serious games.En este sentido, la principal aportacion de esta tesis es la propuesta de una serie de caracteristicas de accesibilidad configurables que pueden integrarse en herramientas de creacion de juegos digitales, a fin de facilitar la creacion de juegos digitales accesibles en general, y serious games en particular. Tambien se ha desarrollado una implementacion de estas caracteristicas sobre la herramienta eAdventure a modo de prueba de concepto, junto con tres casos de estudio que han sido evaluados por usuarios y expertos. El enfoque seguido tiene principalmente dos ventajas. En primer lugar, se reduce el esfuerzo que los desarrolladores necesitan invertir para hacer que un juego sea accesible para personas con discapacidad. En segundo lugar, se aumenta la visibilidad del problema de la accesibilidad entre la comunidad de desarrolladores, gracias a la integracion en sus herramientas de trabajo diario, lo que tambien ayuda a mejorar su concienciacion en referencia a este problema.
The RabGAP Proteins Gyp5p and Gyl1p Recruit the BAR Domain Protein Rvs167p for Polarized Exocytosis

The Rab GTPase‐activating proteins (GAP) Gyp5p and Gyl1p are involved in the control of polarized exocytosis at the small‐bud stage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both Gyp5p and Gyl1p interact with the N‐Bin1/Amphiphysin/Rvs167 (BAR) domain protein Rvs167p, but the biological function of this interaction is unclear. We show here that Gyp5p and Gyl1p recruit Rvs167p to the small‐bud tip, where it plays a role in polarized exocytosis. In gyp5Δgyl1Δ cells, Rvs167p is not correctly localized to the small‐bud tip. Both P473L mutation in the SH3 domain of Rvs167p and deletion of the proline‐rich regions of Gyp5p and Gyl1p disrupt the interaction of Rvs167p with Gyp5p and Gyl1p and impair the localization of Rvs167p to the tips of small buds. We provide evidence for the accumulation of secretory vesicles in small buds of rvs167Δ cells and for defective Bgl2p secretion in rvs167Δ cultures enriched in small‐budded cells at 13°C, implicating Rvs167p in polarized exocytosis. Moreover, both the accumulation of secretory vesicles in Rvs167p P473L cells cultured at 13°C and secretion defects in cells producing Gyp5p and Gyl1p without proline‐rich regions strongly suggest that the function of Rvs167p in exocytosis depends on its ability to interact with Gyp5p and Gyl1p.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Hospital Knowledge Management Performance Based on Neural Network

According to the characteristics of hospital knowledge management, construct the hospital knowledge management performance evaluation system. The index system includes four first level indexes (organizational structure capital, human capital, technology capital, and knowledge systems) and 12 secondary level indexes. Ascertain the weight of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation by using the neural network. At the same time, the network is trained by using the improved back propagation algorithm and revise the neural network weight step by step , it make the weight in fuzzy evaluation accord with the fact well. which can get better effect.
Problèmes d'intégration morphologique d'emprunts d'origine anglaise en français

Nous proposons une etude morphologique de l’emprunt, en particulier verbal, d’origine anglaise en francais. A partir de donnees extraites d’un corpus volumineux, nous etudions les procedes morphologiques d’integration des nouvelles unites lexicales (sous leur forme graphemique) et les problemes qu’ils posent notamment en termes d’instabilite orthographique ou de mecanismes derivationnels. Cette etude fournit ainsi une premiere approche theorique du phenomene morphologique de l’emprunt. Elle devra ensuite servir de support theorique a un traitement automatique des emprunts.
The effect of sampling on estimates of lexical specificity and error rates

Studies based on naturalistic data are a core tool in the field of language acquisition research and have provided thorough descriptions of children's speech. However, these descriptions are inevitably confounded by differences in the relative frequency with which children use words and language structures. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the impact of sampling constraints on estimates of the productivity of children's utterances, and on the validity of error rates. Comparisons were made between five different sized samples of wh-question data produced by one child aged 2;8. First, we assessed whether sampling constraints undermined the claim (e.g. Tomasello, 2000) that the restricted nature of early child speech reflects a lack of adultlike grammatical knowledge. We demonstrated that small samples were equally likely to under- as overestimate lexical specificity in children's speech, and that the reliability of estimates varies according to sample size. We argued that reliable analyses require a comparison with a control sample, such as that from an adult speaker. Second, we investigated the validity of estimates of error rates based on small samples. The results showed that overall error rates underestimate the incidence of error in some rarely produced parts of the system and that analyses on small samples were likely to substantially over- or underestimate error rates in infrequently produced constructions. We concluded that caution must be used when basing arguments about the scope and nature of errors in children's early multi-word productions on analyses of samples of spontaneous speech.
Spatial dynamics of an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in an urban area.

OBJECTIVE To map risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in an urban area and assess the ability of traditional interventions to control dispersion of the disease. METHODS Data on the Beijing SARS epidemic were used to map spatial clusters of identified contacts and to estimate transmission of SARS using a model with a time-dependent transmission rate. RESULTS The estimated transmission rate decreased dramatically from 20 to 30 April 2003. The total number of cases in the epidemic in Beijing was estimated to be 2521. Hierarchical clustering revealed that risk-exposures were widespread, but clustered in a pattern that is distinctly related to the Beijing urban ring roads. CONCLUSION Traditional control measures can be very effective at reducing transmission of SARS. Spatial patterns of risk-exposures can inform disease surveillance, prediction and control by identifying spatial target areas on which interventions should be focused.
Regularized Hierarchical Differential Dynamic Programming

This paper presents a new algorithm for optimal control (OC) of nonlinear dynamical systems. The main feature of this algorithm is that it allows the specification of the control objectives as a hierarchy of tasks, each task representing an action that the robot should perform. Each task is described by a cost function that the algorithm tries to minimize, while not affecting the tasks of higher priority. The concept of strict priority allows for an easier and more robust specification of the control objectives, without hand tuning of task weights. The hierarchy also makes it possible to properly regularize the behavior of each task independently. For the first time, we properly define the problem of regularizing the task cost functions in the presence of a hierarchy and propose an algorithm to compute an approximate solution. Several simulated scenarios with different robots compare our solution with other state-of-the-art methods, validating the interest of the hierarchy in OC and empirically demonstrating the importance of regularization to generate feasible behaviors.
Quantitative two‐dimensional HRMAS 1H‐NMR spectroscopy‐based metabolite profiling of human cancer cell lines and response to chemotherapy

NMR spectroscopy‐based metabolomics still needs development in quantification procedures. A method was designed for quantitative two‐dimensional high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) proton‐NMR spectroscopy‐based metabolite profiling of intact cells. It uses referencing of metabolite‐related NMR signals to protein‐related NMR signals and yields straightforward and automatable metabolite profiling. The method enables exploitation of only two‐dimensionally visible metabolites and combination of one‐ and two‐dimensional spectra, thus providing an appreciable number of screened metabolites. With this procedure, 32 intracellular metabolites were attributed and quantified in human normal fibroblasts and tumor cells. The phenotype of several tumor cell lines (MCF7, PC3, 143B, and HepG2) was characterized by high levels of glutathione in cell lines with the higher proliferation rate, high levels of creatine, low levels of free amino acids, increased levels of phospholipid derivatives (mostly phosphocholine), and lower lactate content in cell lines with the higher proliferation rate. Other metabolites such as fatty acids differed widely among tumor cell lines. The response of tumor cell lines to chemotherapy also was evaluated by differential metabolite profiling, bringing insights into drug cytotoxicity and tumor cell adaptive mechanisms. The method may prove widely applicable to tumor cell phenotyping. Magn Reson Med 63:1172–1183, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biogas production from maize grains and maize silage.

The main objective of this work was anaerobic digestion of maize grains and maize silage and biogas production from these crops. Maize grains were treated using one-stage and two-stage anaerobic techniques; using hydrolysis and acidification as the first stage and methanogenesis as the second stage. Processing nonacidified maize grains in an anaerobic reactor is more stable, though the anaerobic degradation start-up period is longer, specific production of biogas is lower and excess sludge production is higher as from acidified maize grains. Maximum specific biogas production was 0.72 m 3 ·kg -1 of volatile suspended solids – VSS (nonacidified maize) (at 35oC) and 0.770 m 3 ·kg -1 VSS (acidified maize) during anaerobic digestion of maize grains. At average yield of 9 t·ha
Uncertainty-Estimation-Based Approach to Antilock Braking Systems

Two new strategies based on uncertainty estimation are proposed for antilock braking systems (ABSs). In one of the strategies, the uncertainties and the disturbances are estimated using inertial delay control (IDC), and the estimates are used in a backstepping-control-based braking system. In the other strategy, in addition to uncertainties, the states are also estimated using an inertial delay observer (IDO) for a sliding-mode-control (SMC)-based braking system. No knowledge of uncertainties, disturbances, and the road adhesion friction coefficient or their bounds is assumed. The stability of the overall system is proven, and the schemes are validated by simulation and experimentation in the laboratory.
Software evaluation of smart meters within a Legal Metrology perspective: A Brazilian case

Induced by a very unfavorable scenario of nontechnical losses (electricity theft), some electrical distribution companies in Brazil have moved from the traditional one meter per residence measurement process to a centralized multi-residences meter with two-way communication features, enabling both automatic reads and remote connect/disconnect of energy supplies. Those improvements can be seen as a natural transition toward an effective Smart grid, and have brought together the needs of a deep revision on regulatory procedures for the electrical meters evaluation conducted by the Brazilian Metrology Office. This paper shows that the increasing complexity from those new electrical grid equipments, particularly conveyed by additional software procedures, is a major issue and needs to be rapidly assimilated by metrological controls to avoid the appearance of stepping stones in the smart grid pathway. This paper aims to describe the whole set of relevant aspects revealed in this particular Brazilian experience, discussing the real scene and the respective challenges opposed.
Diversity of subaerial algae and cyanobacteria growing on bark and wood in the lowland tropical forests of Singapore

Background and aims - Knowledge on diversity and distribution of algae and cyanobacteria in subaerial habitats still lags behind those of freshwater and marine environments. Notably, data on diversity of microalgae in tropical corticolous habitats are still scarce. We investigated species composition of subaerial epixylic algae and cyanobacteria from two Singaporean rainforest localities. We asked whether there are differences in species composition and alpha-diversity of samples taken in different areas and in different habitat types (bark vs. decaying bare wood). In addition, we asked whether there are differences in species turnover (beta-diversity) among different habitat types and areas. Methods - The cultivation-based approach and the microscopic analysis of populations were used. In total, 20 samples of bark and decaying wood from two forested areas were analyzed. Statistical analyses involved the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of species data. Significance of differences in algal composition between groups of samples was evaluated by the non-parametric two-way ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) using the crossed design with permutations in blocks. The SIMPER method was used to identify species that characteristically discriminate between habitat types and sampling areas. Key results - In total, 57 species were identified. Green algae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Trentepohliales) were dominant, and Cyanobacteria were the second most frequent group. The dominants of the subaerial assemblages differed from corresponding temperate habitats and, in addition, their alpha-diversity was considerably higher. Several green algal morphospecies were characteristic for the bark localities (e.g. Dictyochloropsis spp., Pseudomarvania aerophytica, Printzina effusa and Printzina lagenifera). The alpha-diversity was similar in both habitat types, but the species turnover among samples (beta-diversity) was significantly higher in the decaying wood samples. Conclusions - Tropical corticolous habitats probably harbour higher diversity than corresponding temperate habitats. High beta-diversity of decaying wood illustrates general importance of this substrate for biodiversity of subaerial algae in the tropics.