Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The transactional perspective on occupation: A way to transcend the individual in health promotion interventions and research

ABSTRACT Ten years after its introduction, the role of the transactional perspective in occupational science has grown. Although the perspective has been used for a variety of purposes, application remains primarily associated with qualitative modes of inquiry and within the domain of occupational science. We argue that the perspective has broader potential in empirical occupational science as well as in the fields of population health, health promotion, and intervention science. In this paper, we present one such opportunity for the transactional perspective to contribute substantially to science, namely, the problem of how best to theorize and ground empirical research on health behavior change and maintenance. The science of health behavior change and maintenance has suffered from a reliance on theories that privilege individual agency while neglecting how contextual influences shape health behavior. In this paper, we discuss how the issue of health behavior change and maintenance is a relevant problem for occupational science, especially if using a transactional perspective. We provide an overview of the perspective inclusive of key principles—continuity and change, habits, problematic situations and inquiry. We follow by suggesting how the perspective provides the theoretical tools to better connect persons and situations in the context of health behavior change and maintenance and how it can inform intervention design. We conclude with a discussion of potential challenges of applying the perspective to health behavior change and maintenance, and about the significance of these potentialities for the larger project of occupational science and transdisciplinary contributions.
Measurement Experiences with the Revised MIMO Latency Definition

In this contribution, we present frame delay measurement results and calculations using the revised MIMO latency definition in the cases with different input and output link rates and discontinuous frames on input. Notice: This contribution has been prepared to assist the ATM Forum. It is offered to the Forum as a basis for discussion and is not a binding proposal on the part of any of the contributing organizations. The statements are subject to change in form and content after further study. Specifically, the contributors reserve the right to add to, amend or modify the statements contained herein.
Potent Dengue Virus Neutralization by a Therapeutic Antibody with Low Monovalent Affinity Requires Bivalent Engagement

We recently described our most potently neutralizing monoclonal antibody, E106, which protected against lethal Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) infection in mice. To further understand its functional properties, we determined the crystal structure of E106 Fab in complex with domain III (DIII) of DENV-1 envelope (E) protein to 2.45 Å resolution. Analysis of the complex revealed a small antibody-antigen interface with the epitope on DIII composed of nine residues along the lateral ridge and A-strand regions. Despite strong virus neutralizing activity of E106 IgG at picomolar concentrations, E106 Fab exhibited a ∼20,000-fold decrease in virus neutralization and bound isolated DIII, E, or viral particles with only a micromolar monovalent affinity. In comparison, E106 IgG bound DENV-1 virions with nanomolar avidity. The E106 epitope appears readily accessible on virions, as neutralization was largely temperature-independent. Collectively, our data suggest that E106 neutralizes DENV-1 infection through bivalent engagement of adjacent DIII subunits on a single virion. The isolation of anti-flavivirus antibodies that require bivalent binding to inhibit infection efficiently may be a rare event due to the unique icosahedral arrangement of envelope proteins on the virion surface.
Rate-prediction structure complexity analysis for multi-view video coding using hybrid genetic algorithms

Efficient exploitation of the temporal and inter-view correlation is critical to multi-view video coding (MVC), and the key to it relies on the design of prediction chain structure according to the various pattern of correlations. In this paper, we propose a novel prediction structure model to design optimal MVC coding schemes along with tradeoff analysis in depth between compression efficiency and prediction structure complexity for certain standard functionalities. Focusing on the representation of the entire set of possible chain structures rather than certain typical ones, the proposed model can given efficient MVC schemes that adaptively vary with the requirements of structure complexity and video source characteristics (the number of views, the degrees of temporal and interview correlations). To handle large scale problem in model optimization, we deploy a hybrid genetic algorithm which yields satisfactory results shown in the simulations.
Influence of Coding Variability in APP-Aβ Metabolism Genes in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

The cerebral deposition of Aβ42, a neurotoxic proteolytic derivate of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a central event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)(Amyloid hypothesis). Given the key role of APP-Aβ metabolism in AD pathogenesis, we selected 29 genes involved in APP processing, Aβ degradation and clearance. We then used exome and genome sequencing to investigate the single independent (single-variant association test) and cumulative (gene-based association test) effect of coding variants in these genes as potential susceptibility factors for AD, in a cohort composed of 332 sporadic and mainly late-onset AD cases and 676 elderly controls from North America and the UK. Our study shows that common coding variability in these genes does not play a major role for the disease development. In the single-variant association analysis, the main hits, none of which statistically significant after multiple testing correction (1.9e-4<p-value<0.05), were found to be rare coding variants (0.009%<MAF<1.4%) with moderate to strong effect size (1.84<OR<Inf) that map to genes mainly involved in Aβ extracellular degradation (TTR, ACE), clearance (LRP1) and APP trafficking and recycling (SORL1). These results were partially replicated in the gene-based analysis (c-alpha and SKAT tests), that reports ECE1, LYZ and TTR as nominally associated to AD (1.7e-3 <p-value <0.05). In concert with previous studies, we suggest that 1) common coding variability in APP-Aβ genes is not a critical factor for AD development and 2) Aβ degradation and clearance, rather than Aβ production, may play a key role in the etiology of sporadic AD.
Methods Used in Economic Evaluations of Chronic Kidney Disease Testing — A Systematic Review

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in general populations around the world. Targeted testing and screening for CKD are often conducted to help identify individuals that may benefit from treatment to ameliorate or prevent their disease progression. Aims This systematic review examines the methods used in economic evaluations of testing and screening in CKD, with a particular focus on whether test accuracy has been considered, and how analysis has incorporated issues that may be important to the patient, such as the impact of testing on quality of life and the costs they incur. Methods Articles that described model-based economic evaluations of patient testing interventions focused on CKD were identified through the searching of electronic databases and the hand searching of the bibliographies of the included studies. Results The initial electronic searches identified 2,671 papers of which 21 were included in the final review. Eighteen studies focused on proteinuria, three evaluated glomerular filtration rate testing and one included both tests. The full impact of inaccurate test results was frequently not considered in economic evaluations in this setting as a societal perspective was rarely adopted. The impact of false positive tests on patients in terms of the costs incurred in re-attending for repeat testing, and the anxiety associated with a positive test was almost always overlooked. In one study where the impact of a false positive test on patient quality of life was examined in sensitivity analysis, it had a significant impact on the conclusions drawn from the model. Conclusion Future economic evaluations of kidney function testing should examine testing and monitoring pathways from the perspective of patients, to ensure that issues that are important to patients, such as the possibility of inaccurate test results, are properly considered in the analysis.
Use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Remote Sensing Images in Wetland Change Detection on the Kafue Flats, Zambia

Abstract The paper describes the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of remote sensing images as a method of change detection for the Kafue Flats, an inland wetland system in southern Zambia. The wetland is under human and natural pressures but is also an important wildlife habitat. A combination of Landsat MSS and TM images were used. The images used were from 24 September 1984 (MSS), 3 September 1988 (MSS), 12 September 1991 (TM) and 20 September 1994 (TM). They were geometrically co‐registered and, in the process, the 80m resolution MSS images were resampled to 30m using nearest neighbour resampling. Preliminary PCA revealed that for the MSS images most of the data variance was in near infrared reflectance while for the TM images it was in mid and thermal infrared bands. Holding sensor type constant, separate inter‐band correlation analysis for each image could indicate whether the wetland was drier or wetter on one date versus another. The 1994 image was made the reference image and equivalent green, red and near infrared bands from the other images were radiometrically normalised with those on the reference image. All the bands, three from each date, were then merged into a twelve‐band image on which PCA for change detection was undertaken. A colour composite of eigen images from the resulting principal components was used in change detection. Hydrological data, indicating long‐term reduced inflow of water into the wetland due to human regulation, help explain some of the wetland change detected. Compared to a classification comparison approach to change detection for this area, PCA was found to be very useful in indicating where change had occurred, though interpretation of the changes was difficult without reference to the input images. The methodology appears to have potential use in habitat monitoring for this wetland area.
Equity in New Zealand university graduate outcomes: Māori and Pacific graduates

ABSTRACT Higher education confers significant private and social benefits. Māori and Pacific peoples are under-represented within New Zealand universities and have poorer labour market outcomes (e.g., lower wages, under-represented in skilled professions). A New Zealand tertiary education priority is to boost Māori and Pacific success in an effort to improve outcomes for these graduates, their communities and society in general. Using information collected in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand, we compared Māori and Pacific university graduate outcomes with outcomes of other New Zealand graduates. Data were collected when the participants were in their final year of study (n = 8719) and two years post-graduation (n = 6104). Employment outcomes were comparable between Māori, Pacific and other New Zealand graduates at two years post-graduation; however, Māori and Pacific graduates had significantly higher student debt burden and financial strain over time. They were significantly more likely to help others (e.g., family) across a range of situations (e.g., lending money), and reported higher levels of volunteerism compared to their counterparts. Boosting higher education success for Māori and Pacific students has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities in New Zealand labour market outcomes and may result in significant private benefits for these graduates and social benefits as a result of their contribution to society.
Novel Antiwindup of a Current Regulator of a Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motor for Flux-Weakening Control

This paper proposes a novel antiwindup method of current regulator for the drive system of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor at flux-weakening region. It is designed in conjunction with the synchronous-frame proportional and integral current regulator and the space vector pulse width modulation. The difference between the regulator output voltage and the saturated voltage on the q-axis of the regulator is used for flux-weakening control, which modifies the d-axis current reference. With this method, the antiwindup and the flux-weakening control can be achieved simultaneously. Since the proposed method utilizes the dc-link voltage more efficiently, it makes the motor generate higher output torque than the conventional antiwindup and/or flux-weakening control methods under the same voltage and current limitation. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by computer simulations and experiments
NFD Developer's Guide

NDN Forwarding Daemon (NFD) is a network forwarder that implements the Named Data Networking (NDN) protocol. NFD is designed with modularity and extensibility in mind to enable easy experiments with new protocol features, algorithms, and applications for NDN. To help developers extend and improve NFD, this document explains NFD’s internals including the overall design, major modules, their implementations, and their interactions.
Improving the performability of data transfer in mobile ad hoc networks

Data transfer in ad hoc environments shows poor network performance due to frequent link breakages and route failures. Selfish and malicious nodes may further deteriorate nodes communication, having a strong impact on transport layer protocols such as TCP, which are highly sensitive to packet losses. Although these misbehaviors have similar effects on the network functioning (i.e. packets are dropped), they are separately addressed by the research community. This paper provides a comprehensive method to improve the performance and reliability (performability) of nodes commu- nication in presence of faults, selfish and malicious behavior. Specifically, we propose and evaluate a novel forwarding policy that is based on multi-path routing and considers nodes reliability and routes length in forwarding decisions. We investigate through simulations how this mechanism improves the performability of TCP data transfers. In particular, we show that the simultaneous use of multiple paths yields higher throughput and continuous network connectivity when compared to single path forwarding. This has been verified in case of both fault conditions and intentional nodes misbehavior. I. INTRODUCTION Mobile ad hoc networking represents a new fron- tier for wireless communications. Its intrinsic extensibility, auto-configuration, ease of maintenance, and infrastructure- independence capabilities make it a prime candidate for be-
Novel Parallelized Electroporation by Electrostatic Manipulation of a Water-in-Oil Droplet as a Microreactor

Electroporation is the most widely used transfection method for delivery of cell-impermeable molecules into cells. We developed a novel gene transfection method, water-in-oil (W/O) droplet electroporation, using dielectric oil and an aqueous droplet containing mammalian cells and transgene DNA. When a liquid droplet suspended between a pair of electrodes in dielectric oil is exposed to a DC electric field, the droplet moves between the pair of electrodes periodically and droplet deformation occurs under the intense DC electric field. During electrostatic manipulation of the droplet, the local intense electric field and instantaneous short circuit via the droplet due to droplet deformation facilitate gene transfection. This method has several advantages over conventional transfection techniques, including co-transfection of multiple transgene DNAs into even as few as 103 cells, transfection into differentiated neural cells, and the capable establishment of stable cell lines. In addition, there have been improvements in W/O droplet electroporation electrodes for disposable 96-well plates making them suitable for concurrent performance without thermal loading by a DC electric field. This technique will lead to the development of cell transfection methods for novel regenerative medicine and gene therapy.
“A smile on everybody’s face”: A multiple case study of community ukulele groups

The purpose of this study was to explore educational and social environments of multiple American community ukulele groups. The foundations, objectives, and leadership of four community ukulele groups offer expansions to our understandings of the ways in which people are teaching and learning with the ukulele as well as what are hopefully valuable considerations for music educators. This study helps to support the notion that there is no singular experience nor ubiquitous practice for community ukulele groups, though some important values (e.g., fun) might be common. In this study, the group leaders established learning environments that were largely participatory, and while the leadership itself may not have always been democratic, the leaders’ choices were reflective of the group members’ interests and goals. Considerations include prioritizing fun, questioning presentational performance, and considering leadership styles and the role of leadership in a responsive educational environment.
Elastic registration for retinal images based on reconstructed vascular trees

The vascular tree of the retina is likely the most representative and stable feature for eye fundus images in registration. Based on the reconstructed vascular tree, we propose an elastic matching algorithm to register pairs of fundus images. The identified vessels are thinned and approximated using short line segments of equal length that results a set of elements. The set of elements corresponding to one vascular tree are elastically deformed to optimally match the set of elements of another vascular tree, with the guide of an energy function to finally establish pixel relationship between both vascular trees. The mapped positions of pixels in the transformed retinal image are computed to be the sum of their original locations and corresponding displacement vectors. For the purpose of performance comparison, a weak affine model based fast chamfer matching technique is proposed and implemented. Experiment results validated the effectiveness of the elastic matching algorithm and its advantage over the weak affine model for registration of retinal fundus images.
Supervised Isomap with Explicit Mapping

Isomap is one of the recently proposed manifold learning algorithms for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. However, Isomap not only suffers from a deficiency of no explicit mapping function, which is from high dimensional space to low dimensional space, but also does not employ the class information. In this paper, a supervised version of Isomap with explicit mapping, called SE-Isomap, is proposed. In SE-Isomap, geodesic distance matrix is calculated with respect to the class label information and multidimensional scaling (MDS) with explicit transformation is adopted instead of classical MDS used in Isomap. Thanks to the existence of explicit mapping and the use of class label information, SE-Isomap can be more easily used in pattern recognition than the original ones. Experimental results on two benchmark data sets demonstrated the performance of the presented method
A Scalable, High-Precision, and Low-1

8 9 A scalable, high-precision, and low-noise detector of shift invariant locations in grayscale images is presented. It leads to 10 a wide range of novel image-to-'data structures' processing algorithms. Experiments with a single algorithm of this range 11 prove that ( i ) the output structures convey great amount of semantically relevant information about the original image; 12 ( ii ) this information can be successfully extracted and used in subsequent applications.
A parallel algorithm of polygons packing based on ant colony

This paper presents a novel algorithm for optimal packing problem by combining ant colony algorithm with BLF (bottom-left-fill) heuristic approach. The proposed algorithm not only automatically looks for the best sequence of the polygons and each polygon's optimum rotation by ant colony algorithm but also implements the exact layout with the BLF heuristic algorithm. Moreover, the algorithm supports the parallel computation and facilitates quick convergence to the optimal solution. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithm comparing with the other methods.
A Framework for Unbiased Model Selection Based on Boosting

Variable and model selection are of major concern in many statistical applications, especially in high-dimensional regression models. Boosting is a convenient statistical method that combines model fitting with intrinsic model selection. We investigate the impact of base-learner specification on the performance of boosting as a model selection procedure. We show that variable selection may be biased if the covariates are of different nature. Important examples are models combining continuous and categorical covariates, especially if the number of categories is large. In this case, least squares base-learners offer increased flexibility for the categorical covariate and lead to a preference even if the categorical covariate is noninformative. Similar difficulties arise when comparing linear and nonlinear base-learners for a continuous covariate. The additional flexibility in the nonlinear base-learner again yields a preference of the more complex modeling alternative. We investigate these problems from a theoretical perspective and suggest a framework for bias correction based on a general class of penalized least squares base-learners. Making all base-learners comparable in terms of their degrees of freedom strongly reduces the selection bias observed in naive boosting specifications. The importance of unbiased model selection is demonstrated in simulations. Supplemental materials including an application to forest health models, additional simulation results, additional theorems, and proofs for the theorems are available online.
Detecting flooding based DoS attack in cloud computing environment using covariance matrix approach

The internet is gaining a lot of importance day by day, especially with the emergence of cloud technology. This new technology has made a new computing service to end users that include, PaaS, SaaS. On the other hand, this technology was accompanied with some shortages. The most serious obstacle is the security challenges because of the cloud is characterized by computing resource sharing and multi-tenancy features and as a result flooding based denial of service attack has been observed. This effect on performance and quality of service on cloud. To overcome this security challenge, there are several methods to detect and prevent this kind of attack. Most of these approaches are using statistical and/or artificial intelligence methods. In this research paper a new model to detect flooding based DoS attack in cloud environment has been suggested consisting three phases. (1) The first-phase is to model the normal traffic pattern for baseline profiling and (2) the second phase is the intrusion detection processes and (3) finally prevention phase. The covariance Matrix mathematical model is used as detecting method. The phase (1) and (2) have been implemented in real test bed. From the result, it is proven that we can detect the flooding attack effectively.