Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground Deformation Retrieval Using Quasi Coherent Targets DInSAR, With Application to Suburban Area of Tianjin, China

This paper presents a multiimage DInSAR approach to obtain ground movement using the quasi coherent targets (Q-CTs), such as the bare land and light cultivated areas that distribute widely on the suburban ground surface. The method adopts a new processing strategy for targets selection based on the classification information and coherence properties of the ground objects. Furthermore, the linked coherence model is proposed by defining the parameter of linked coherence on the neighboring Q-CTs network to retrieve the deformation and topographic estimations through multiimage DInSAR analysis. The suburban areas of Tianjin China, with fast township industry development, have been investigated in this study and 21 scenes of ALOS PALSAR dataset, covering the time period August 2007 to November 2010, have been gathered for the algorithm experiment. The experiment results show that there are obvious subsidence patterns detected in this region with subsidence velocity larger than 2 cm/year during the observation period, which have been well validated by both field surveys and the leveling measurements. This study demonstrates the potential of the Q-CTs based DInSAR analysis in the subsidence monitoring of large scale nonurban areas.
Caloric stimulation and unilateral visual neglect

We studied performance on tests of visual neglect and left lateral gaze after caloric stimulation in 18 patients with left-sided visual neglect after strokes. Except for one patient with absent vestibulo-ocular responses, all improved during caloric stimulation on the left by cold (LC) or on the right by warm water (RW). Improvement seemed to depend on the 'facilitation of left lateral gaze and on past-pointing to the left. During LC and RW caloric stimulation, patients worked from left to right instead of their usual right to left. Caloric stimulation may be of use in training patients with hemispatial neglect to orient toward the affected hemispatial field.
Developmental mechanisms of the tympanic membrane in mammals and non‐mammalian amniotes

The tympanic membrane is a thin layer that originates from the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesenchyme. Molecular‐genetic investigations have revealed that interaction between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the pharyngeal arches is essential for development of the tympanic membrane. We have recently reported that developmental mechanisms underlying the tympanic membrane seem to be different between mouse and chicken, suggesting that the tympanic membrane evolved independently in mammals and non‐mammalian amniotes. In this review, we summarize previous studies of tympanic membrane formation in the mouse. We also discuss its formation in amniotes from an evolutionary point of view.
Genotype Considerations for Virus-Like Particle-Based Bivalent Norovirus Vaccine Composition

ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) genogroup I (GI) and GII are responsible for most human infections with NoV. Because of the high genetic variability of NoV, natural infection does not induce sufficient protective immunity to different genotypes or to variants of the same genotype and there is little or no cross-protection against different genogroups. NoV-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates that induce high levels of NoV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. It is believed that a bivalent NoV vaccine consisting of a representative VLP from GI and GII is a minimum requirement for an effective vaccine. Here, we compared the abilities of monovalent immunizations with NoV GI.1-2001, GI.3-2002, GII.4-1999, and GII.4-2010 New Orleans VLPs to induce NoV type-specific and cross-reactive immune responses and protective blocking antibody responses in BALB/c mice. All of the VLPs induced comparable levels of type-specific serum IgG antibodies, as well as blocking antibodies to the VLPs used for immunization. However, the abilities of different VLP genotypes to induce cross-reactive IgG and cross-blocking antibodies varied remarkably. Our results confirm previous findings of a lack of cross-protective immune responses between GI and GII NoVs. These data support the rationale for including NoV GI.3 and GII.4-1999 VLPs in the bivalent vaccine formulation, which could be sufficient to induce protective immune responses across NoV genotypes in the two common genogroups in humans.
INFERRING PHYLOGENIES FROM mtDNA VARIATION: MITOCHONDRIAL‐GENE TREES VERSUS NUCLEAR‐GENE TREES

An accurately resolved gene tree may not be congruent with the species tree because of lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. DNA sequences from the mitochondrially encoded genes (mtDNA) are attractive sources of characters for estimating the phylogenies of recently evolved taxa because mtDNA evolves rapidly, but its utility is limited because the mitochondrial genes are inherited as a single linkage group (haplotype) and provide only one independent estimate of the species tree. In contrast, a set of nuclear genes can be selected from distinct chromosomes, such that each gene tree provides an independent estimate of the species tree. Another aspect of the gene‐tree versus species‐tree problem, however, favors the use of mtDNA for inferring species trees. For a three‐species segment of a phylogeny, the branching order of a gene tree will correspond to that of the species tree if coalescence of the alleles or haplotypes occurred in the internode between the first and second bifurcation. From neutral theory, it is apparent that the probability of coalescence increases as effective population size decreases. Because the mitochondrial genome is maternally inherited and effectively haploid, its effective population size is one‐fourth that of a nuclear‐autosomal gene. Thus, the mitochondrial‐haplotype tree has a substantially higher probability of accurately tracking a short internode than does a nuclear‐autosomal‐gene tree. When an internode is sufficiently long that the probability that the mitochondrial‐haplotype tree will be congruent with the species tree is 0.95, the probability that a nuclear‐autosomalgene tree will be congruent is only 0.62. If each of k independently sampled nuclear‐gene trees has a probability of congruence with the species tree of 0.62, then a sample of 16 such trees would be required to be as confident of the inference based on the mitochondrial‐haplotype tree. A survey of mtDNA‐haplotype diversity in 34 species of birds indicates that coalescence is generally very recent, which suggests that coalescence times are typically much shorter than internodal branch lengths of the species tree, and that sorting of mtDNA lineages is not likely to confound the species tree. Hybridization resulting in transfer of mtDNA haplotypes among branches could also result in a haplotype tree that is incongruent with the species tree; if undetected, this could confound the species tree. However, hybridization is usually easy to detect and should be incorporated in the historical narrative of the group, because reticulation, as well as cladistic events, contributed to the evolution of the group.
Documentation of a doxylamine overdose death: quantitation by standard addition and use of three instrumental techniques.

To answer the question, "Is this death due to a drug overdose? " requires at least that the drug be unequivocally identified and a blood concentration reliably determined. The approach taken in this case as standard addition technique and use of three different chromatographic techniques-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance thin-layer chromatography (HP-TLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Each of the chromatographies was carried out on the same extract by splitting the residue three ways. HPLC provided a quantitative result which was 1.2 mg/L in blood and HP-TLC and GC/MS confirmed this result with additional quantitative data, information about two metabolites (nordoxylamine and dinordoxylamine) and conclusive identification. Blood nordoxylamine was 0.52 mg/L and doxylamine plus metabolites in urine was 25 mg/L.
Risk Factors for Lumbar Disc Degeneration in High School American Football Players

Background: Several risk factors have been proposed for intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) among adolescent athletes. However, the causes of DD are not well understood, and there have been few prospective studies evaluating DD in adolescents. Purpose: To identify risk factors for DD among adolescent American football (AF) players. Study Design: Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This study investigated the relationships between the progression of DD and the following factors: lumbar spine abnormalities on baseline radiographs, body mass index, AF position played (lineman or other), and length of playing career (2 full competitive AF seasons or <2 seasons). Included were 192 students who joined a top-ranked high school AF team from 2004 to 2008. Of these, 160 played for 2 full competitive AF seasons. The remaining 32 players, who stopped before completing 2 seasons, were used as a control group. Baseline radiographs and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained when the players enrolled in the AF team in May, and follow-up lumbar MRI scans were obtained 2 years later at the end of their second academic year in March. Disc degeneration was measured by the signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, and its progression was evaluated by multiple regression analysis of decreases in signal intensity. Also analyzed was the relationship between DD and low back pain (LBP). Results: The mean decrease in signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus was 4.30% ± 11.63% in players who completed 2 AF seasons and 1.41% ± 10.03% in those who did not (P = .12). Mean visual analog scale scores for LBP at follow-up were significantly higher (P = .001) in players who had played for 2 full seasons (2.67 ± 2.81) than in those with a shorter career (0.99 ± 1.61). Decreases in signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus after 2 years of playing AF related significantly to playing a lineman position (partial regression coefficient, 3.47%), the presence of Schmorl nodes (partial regression coefficient, 3.58%), and disc herniation (partial regression coefficient, 4.09%). Conclusion: Significant risk factors for DD progression in high school AF players included playing a lineman position, the presence of Schmorl nodes, and disc herniation. Continuing to play AF through 2 years of high school was a risk factor for the onset of LBP.
Perceptions : a quantitative look at the impacts of GSAs on bullying and overall school climate

Bullying and school climate are salient topics in today's society particularly in the educational setting. They are especially salient topics for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) youth because they are targeted more frequently and with more intensity. However, there is little existing information regarding risk and protective factors for this population. This quantitative study examined the perceptions of the faculty and staff at one high school, Helix Charter High School in San Diego, California, with regard to the Gay/Straight Alliance (GSA) and its impacts on bullying and overall school climate. The 72 participants answered an online survey. The survey had a total of 24 items, which were comprised of six areas: Demographics, Gay/Straight Alliances, LGBTQ Youth, Bullying of LGBTQ Youth, Personal Experiences, and Closing. This study found that though most respondents were aware of the GSA on campus they were not directly involved with the club. Additionally, many participants reported feeling confident about raising LGBTQ issues within the classroom but nearly 60% do not do so regularly. While findings suggest that the majority of participants are supportive of the GSA, they also report a lack of true understanding with regard to the specific needs of LGBTQ youth. Recommendations for future research include expanding the survey to other high schools as well as surveying the students at Helix Charter High School to allow for a side-by-side comparison of responses.
Bayesian Assessment of the Influence and Interaction Conditions in Multipopulation Tailoring Clinical Trials

Multipopulation tailoring trials provide a trial design option that supports the realization of tailored therapeutics or personalized medicine. Several recent publications have focused on statistical and clinical considerations that arise in these trials that are designed to study the overall treatment effect in a population of interest as well as one or more prospectively defined subpopulations. Millen et al. (2012) introduced the influence and interaction conditions as part of a general framework to facilitate decision making in multipopulation trials. This article provides Bayesian methods for assessing the influence and interaction conditions. The methods introduced are illustrated using case studies based on clinical trials with biomarker-driven designs.
Innervation of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus from cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) containing neurons of the hypothalamus

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a midline thalamic nucleus with heavy projections to the nucleus accumbens and other limbic regions. Previous studies have shown that the PVT contains fibers immunoreactive for cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐related transcript (CART). The purpose of the present study was to determine the location of CART neurons innervating the PVT of the rat by using retrograde tracing with cholera toxin B (CTb) combined with immunofluorescence for CTb and CART (amino acid sequence 55–102). Immunohistochemical analysis of CART in the dorsal thalamus showed that the PVT is densely innervated by CART fibers whereas adjacent midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei are unlabeled. Injections of CTb in the dorsal midline thalamus retrogradely labeled neurons in several areas of the hypothalamus and brainstem which also contained CART neurons. The largest number of double‐labeled neurons (CTb/CART) was found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. CTb/CART neurons were also found in the lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta, and periventricular hypothalamus. These results indicate that the arcuate nucleus is a major source of CART fibers in the PVT. CART neurons in the arcuate nucleus monitor circulating hormonal signals and may regulate food intake and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) activity. Consequently, CART neurons in the arcuate nucleus may transmit signals to the PVT which in turn may influence limbic regions involved in regulating food intake and the HPA. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:155–165, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of computerized and paper-based language tests with adults with aphasia.

PURPOSE This study investigated whether computers are a useful tool in the assessment of people with aphasia (PWA). Computerized and traditionally administered versions of tasks were compared to determine whether (a) the scores were equivalent, (b) the administration was comparable, (c) variables such as age affected performance, and (d) the participants' perceptions of the computerized and traditionally administered versions of the tasks were similar. METHOD Fifteen PWA were assessed on 2 language tasks-sentence-picture matching and grammaticality judgment-in 3 conditions: computer only, computer with the clinician present, and traditional. The participants also completed questionnaires rating aspects of each condition. RESULTS Scores from the traditionally administered tasks were highly correlated with those from the computerized tasks, but scores from the computerized tasks were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in the time taken between the conditions. Whereas some individuals felt comfortable with the computer, overall, participants preferred the traditional assessment method or when another person was in the room. No factors were identified that predicted participants' relative performance in the computer condition. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PWA can be assessed using computerized versions of tasks, but that caution should be exercised when comparing scores to those collected using traditional methods, including norms. The variation in participants' opinions regarding computerized tasks suggests that this method might be more suitable for some participants than others.
Characterization of SA12 as a simian virus 40-related papovavirus of chacma baboons

SA12 virus, originally isolated from an uninoculated South African vervet monkey kidney culture, was identified as a new member of the simian virus 40 (SV40)-polyoma subgroup of papovaviruses. The virus produced a cytopathic effect with nuclear enlargement in primary rhesus kidney cells. The virion had papovavirus morphology and a diameter of 44 to 45 nm. The DNA of the virus was a circular, double-stranded, superhelical molecule with a mean length 101% that of SV40 DNA and an estimated molecular weight of 3.3 X 10(6). The virus was found to be unrelated to other papovaviruses by neutralization, immune electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence tests with antiviral sera. SA12 virus-infected cells exhibited a capsid antigen, which has recently been found to be common to viruses of the SV40-polyoma subgroup. The virus readily transformed kideny cells from 10-day-old hamsters. Inoculation of transformed cells produced tumors in 3- to 4-week-old hamsters. The T antigens of SA12 and SV40 viruses were strongly and reciprocally cross-reactive. A high proportion of the sera of chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, and a comparatively lower proportion of the sera of vervet monkeys, Cercopithecus pygerythrus, had neutralizing antibodies to SA12 virus
The correction of high myopia using the excimer laser.

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of excimer laser photoablation as a treatment to correct high myopia that is defined as a spherical equivalent refractive error greater than -8.00 diopters (D). DESIGN Using a multizone (4.0-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm) photorefractive keratectomy protocol for correction of high myopia, 23 eyes in 18 patients were treated at one clinical center with an excimer laser (VISX Inc, Santa Clara, Calif). Preoperative spherical equivalent refractions ranged from -8.00 to -19.50 D (mean +/- SD, -11.83 +/- 2.92 D); the mean attempted ablation depth was 93.0 +/- 20.2 microns. RESULTS At the last postoperative examination (mean +/- SD, 7.5 +/- 3.7 months), the mean +/- SD spherical equivalent refraction was -1.09 +/- 2.08 D, including results from two repeated procedures; visual acuity in 52% of the eyes was 20/40 or better uncorrected; 65% of the eyes improved or did not change best corrected acuity, whereas two eyes lost 2 Snellen lines; 39% of the eyes were +/- 1.00 D; and 65% were +/- 2.00 D of attempted correction. Corneal haze (corneal clarity score of > or = 1.5) was observed in 47% of the eyes at some time postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Photorefractive keratectomy for high myopia was found to be not nearly as efficient or predictable as it is for low myopia. A greater incidence of regression of refractive effect and corneal haze were noted in these cases compared with reported studies of low to moderate myopia. A multizone approach to reduce ablation depth during photorefractive keratectomy for myopia that is greater than 8.00 D does not appear to prevent subsequent haze or refractive regression.
Alternate Realities: Racially Disparate Discipline in Classrooms and Schools and Its Effects on Black and Brown Students.

This study examines the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2014, consisting of 49,605,534 students from 95,635 public schools covering grades from Kindergarten to 12 grade. The primary focus of this study was to examine the relative distribution of different types of discipline between ethnic groups and genders. In every category, the levels reported for either African-American or Native American students were much higher than any other group. Native American levels were highest for referral to law enforcement and for expulsion with or without school services. For almost every gender comparison within each ethnic group, male students were more likely to receive punishment than female students. For Native American students, girls were more likely than boys to receive inschool suspension, out-of-school suspension, expulsion either with or without educational services, and to be referred to law enforcement or experience school-related arrest.
Emi1 Maintains Genomic Integrity during Zebrafish Embryogenesis and Cooperates with p53 in Tumor Suppression

ABSTRACT A growing body of evidence indicates that early mitotic inhibitor 1 (Emi1) is essential for genomic stability, but how this function relates to embryonic development and cancer pathogenesis remains unclear. We have identified a zebrafish mutant line in which deficient emi1 gene expression results in multilineage hematopoietic defects and widespread developmental defects that are p53 independent. Cell cycle analyses of Emi1-depleted zebrafish or human cells showed chromosomal rereplication, and metaphase preparations from mutant zebrafish embryos revealed rereplicated, unsegregated chromosomes and polyploidy. Furthermore, EMI1-depleted mammalian cells relied on topoisomerase IIα-dependent mitotic decatenation to progress through metaphase. Interestingly, the loss of a single emi1 allele in the absence of p53 enhanced the susceptibility of adult fish to neural sheath tumorigenesis. Our results cast Emi1 as a critical regulator of genomic fidelity during embryogenesis and suggest that the factor may act as a tumor suppressor.
Theoretical, thermodynamic and electrochemical analysis of biotin drug as an impending corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 15% hydrochloric acid

The corrosion mitigation efficiency of biotin drug for mild steel in 15% hydrochloric acid was thoroughly investigated by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The surface morphology was studied by the contact angle, scanning electrochemical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Quantum chemical calculation and Fukui analysis were done to correlate the experimental and theoretical data. The influence of the concentration of inhibitor, immersion time, temperature, activation energy, enthalpy and entropy has been reported. The mitigation efficiency of biotin obtained by all methods was in good correlation with each other. Polarization studies revealed that biotin acted as a mixed inhibitor. The adsorption of biotin was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface studies showed the hydrophobic nature of the steel with inhibitor and vindicated the formation of a film on the metal surface that reduced the corrosion rate.