Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing the Capture Concepts: A Case Study in the Design of Computer-Supported Meeting Environments

Designing interactive interfaces for individual usage is a significantly hard task that is being surmounted by evolving theory and hours of trial and error. The task of designing interactive interfaces for cooperative work is even more difficult. Not only is it necessary to deal with the individual’s cognitive processes and model of the computer aided task, but also to build software to support human human communication with all the underlying socialization and group dynamics that this communication implies. In the development of the Capture Lab environment, guesswork was coupled with a study of human behavior in meetings both electronic and conventional, an extrapolation of existing research and a series of mini-experiments to test out various ideas about the design. These approaches are described in the body of the paper along with the design considerations at issue and the meeting behaviors we have since observed as a result of our design choices.
Two-party key establishment: From passive to active security without introducing new assumptions

Abstract. Key establishment protocols based on hardness assumptions, such as the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem, are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks, whereas the protocols based on other hardness assumptions, such as the conjugacy search problem and the decomposition search problem, can resist such attacks. The existing protocols based on the hardness assumptions which can resist quantum computer attacks are only passively secure. Compilers are used to convert a passively secure protocol to an actively secure protocol. Compilers involve some tools such as a signature scheme and a collision-resistant hash function. If there are only passively secure protocols but not a signature scheme based on the same assumption, then the application of existing compilers requires the use of such tools based on different assumptions. But the introduction of new tools, based on different assumptions, makes the new actively secure protocol rely on more than one hardness assumption. We offer an approach to derive an actively secure two-party protocol from a passively secure two-party protocol without introducing further hardness assumptions. This serves as a useful formal tool to transform any basic algebraic method of public key cryptography to the real world applicable cryptographic scheme.
Nanomechanical modeling of interfaces of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/clay nanocomposite

Abstract We study interfacial debonding of several representative structures of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/pyrophillite-clay systems – both gallery-interface (polymer/clay interface in the interlayer region containing polymer between clay layers stacked parallel to each other) and matrix-interphase (polymer/clay interphase-region when individual clay layers are well separated and dispersed in the polymer matrix) – using molecular dynamics simulations, while explicitly accounting for shearing/sliding (i.e. Mode-II) deformation mode. Ten nanocomposite geometries (five 2-D periodic structures for tension and five 1-D periodic structures for shearing) were constructed to quantify the structure-property relations by varying the number density of polymer chains, length of polymer chains and model dimensions related to the interface deformation. The results were subsequently mapped into a cohesive traction–separation law, including evaluation of peak traction and work of separation that are used to characterise the interface load transfer for larger length scale micromechanical models. Results suggest that under a crack nucleation opening mode (i.e. Mode-I), the matrix-interphase exhibits noticeably greater strength and a greater work of separation compared to the gallery-interface; however, they were similar under the shearing/sliding mode of deformation. When compared to shearing/sliding, the tensile peak opening mode stresses were considerably greater but the displacement at the peak stress, the displacement at the final failure and the work of separation were considerably lower. Results also suggest that PVA/clay nanocomposites with higher degree of exfoliation compared with nanocomposites with higher clay-intercalation can potentially display higher strength under tension-dominated loading for a given clay volume fraction.
Electric vehicle shortest path problem with replenishment constraint

The deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is constrained mainly by the limited battery capacity, the limited number of charging stations and the recharging time. Our goal is to promote the use of EV by developing energy-efficient routing tools. To overcome the autonomy limitation we propose a methodology for the EV routing problem with recharging stage(s) along the way on the available charging stations.
Evaluation of Machine Translation Metrics for Czech as the Target Language

Evaluation of Machine Translation Metrics for Czech as the Target Language In the present work we study semi-automatic evaluation techniques of machine translation (MT) systems. These techniques are based on a comparison of the MT system's output to human translations of the same text. Various metrics were proposed in the recent years, ranging from metrics using only a unigram comparison to metrics that try to take advantage of additional syntactic or semantic information. The main goal of this article is to compare these metrics with respect to their correlation with human judgments for Czech as the target language and to propose the best ones that can be used for an evaluation of MT systems translating into Czech language.
Compound Types : Strong Typing for Architecture Composition

How can strong typing in programming languages support soft ware engineers to express their architectures? How can composition of arch ite tures be expressed? Architectural roles, to be taken over by components, are beh avioral types. This is supported best by programming languages using name equival ence of types. On the other hand, composing architectures works well only if s tructural equivalence is used. As the way out of this dilemma, we propose compound ty pes, which offer name equivalence for types modeling roles and structu al equivalence for the composition of roles.
A novel adaptive sliding control of MEMS gyroscope with robust feedback compensator

In the paper, a robust adaptive control using robust feedback compensator is presented for a MEMS gyroscope in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. An adaptive controller with additional robust controller is used to improve the robustness of the control system and compensate the system nonlinearities. The proposed robust adaptive control can estimate the angular velocity and all the system parameter including damping and stiffness coefficients in the Lyapunov framework. In addition, standard adaptive control scheme without robust algorithm is compared with the proposed robust adaptive scheme in the aspect of numerical both simulation and algorithm derivation. Numerical simulations show that the robust adaptive control has better robustness in the presence of external disturbances compared with the standard adaptive control.
A Similarity-Driven Transfer System

The transfer phase in machine translation (MT) systems has been considered to be more complicated than analysis and generation, since it is inherently a conglomeration of individual lexical rules. Currently some attempts are being made to use case-based reasoning in machine translation, that is, to make decisions on the basis of translation examples at appropriate points in MT. This paper proposes a new type of transfer system, called a Similarity-driven Transfer System (Sim Tran), for use in such case-based MT (CBMT).
Study of toll-like receptor expression and activity in hip and knee osteoarthritis

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of highly conserved pattern recognition receptors involved in the detection of pathogenic invasion and tissue damage. Activation of TLRs can occur through binding to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) but also host derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are highly abundant in the OA joint (Sokolove and Lepus, 2013). Originally thought of as a disease of wear and tear, osteoarthritis (OA) is better described as a disease of chronic inflammation, with the production of pro-inflammatory and degenerative products perpetuating disease activity. Resident joint cells can react through TLRs to these damage products and thereby induce the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix degradative enzymes. This study sought to identify TLR expression and activity within synovial fibroblasts categorised by joint location and cartilage sub-categorised by OA progression. TLR induced pro-inflammatory cytokine induction from these cells along with matrix degenerative enzyme production was analysed to determine the pathogenic contribution of the cell types. Significant differences in expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 were noted between hip and knee derived synovial fibroblasts. Increased expression correlated to a higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production from knee opposed to hip derived synovial fibroblasts. This difference in inflammatory cytokines production comparing knee to hip became even more apparent when observing spontaneous production from synovial membrane cultures that demonstrated TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 to be significantly higher in cultures from the knee opposed to hip. Knee synovial fluid was also noted to have a significantly lower level of MMP1 compared with hip derived samples supporting a hypothesis that knee and hip osteoarthritis pathogeneses may differ. Analysis of articular chondrocytes at different stages of disease progression demonstrated altered phenotypes. Chondrocytes isolated from regions of degeneration had an altered TLR expression pattern and subsequently produced significantly elevated IL-6 and MMP13 following TLR stimulation relative to those isolated from intact regions of cartilage. These data suggest that TLR-induced cytokine secretion by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes potentially contribute to disease pathology and hypothetically have two separate phenotypes of disease progression. It also highlights the possible need for tailored treatment of OA dependent on joint location providing some explanation of differences in efficacy of trialled biologic therapies.
A performance study of fast handovers for mobile IPv6

We conducted a simulative evaluation of the overall performance of fast handovers for mobile IPv6 in comparison with the baseline mobile IPv6 using the network simulator ns-2 for a 'hot spot' deployment scenario. The simulation scenario comprises four access routers and up to 50 mobile nodes that move randomly and communicate in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. The study provides quantitative results of the QoS improvements obtained by FMIPv6 with respect to handoff latency, packet loss rate and bandwidth per station. The simulation environment allowed us also to investigate the behavior of the protocol in extreme cases, e.g. under channel saturation conditions and considering different traffic sources: CBR, VoIP, video and TCP transfers. As a complementary part of the study, the signaling load costs associated to the performance improvements provided by the enhancement proposal was analysed. While some simulation remits corroborate the intention of the protocol specification, other results give insights not easily gained without performing simulations.
Biogeography Based Optimization Approach for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problem

This paper presents the use of a novel evolutionary algorithm called Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) for the solution of the optimal power flow problem. The objective is to minimize the total fuel cost of generation and environmental pollution caused by fossil based thermal generating units and also maintain an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real and reactive power outputs, bus voltages, shunt capacitors/reactors and power flow of transmission lines. BBO searches for the global optimum mainly through two steps: Migration and Mutation. In the present work, BBO has been applied to solve the optimal power flow problems on IEEE 30-bus test system with six generating units to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. Satisfactory results obtained from the proposed method were compared to conventional and evolutionary optimization methods.
Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization 2009 Selecting Good Views of High-dimensional Data Using Class Consistency

Many visualization techniques involve mapping high-dimensional data spaces to lower-dimensional views. Unfortunately , mapping a high-dimensional data space into a scatterplot involves a loss of information; or, even worse, it can give a misleading picture of valuable structure in higher dimensions. In this paper, we propose class consistency as a measure of the quality of the mapping. Class consistency enforces the constraint that classes of n–D data are shown clearly in 2–D scatterplots. We propose two quantitative measures of class consistency, one based on the distance to the class's center of gravity, and another based on the entropies of the spatial distributions of classes. We performed an experiment where users choose good views, and show that class consistency has good precision and recall. We also evaluate both consistency measures over a range of data sets and show that these measures are efficient and robust.
GAP Safe Screening Rules for Sparse-Group Lasso

In high dimensional settings, sparse structures are crucial for efficiency, either in term of memory, computation or performance. In some contexts, it is natural to handle more refined structures than pure sparsity, such as for instance group sparsity. Sparse-Group Lasso has recently been introduced in the context of linear regression to enforce sparsity both at the feature level and at the group level. We adapt to the case of Sparse-Group Lasso recent safe screening rules that discard early in the solver irrelevant features/groups. Such rules have led to important speed-ups for a wide range of iterative methods. Thanks to dual gap computations, we provide new safe screening rules for Sparse-Group Lasso and show significant gains in term of computing time for a coordinate descent implementation.
Reconstruction of tree structure from laser-scans and their use to predict physiological properties and processes in canopies

Two ways of tree structure reconstruction from laser-measurements are comparatively presented with respect to their suitability for functional interpretation of tree structures. A concept for physiological evaluation of the data is tested that comprises three steps: 1. The automated evaluation of terrestrial laser-scanner data, 2. application of a fine-scaled 3D-light model, and 3. a nitrogen dependent photosynthesis model. The automated evaluation procedure for laser-scanner data based on the 3D-Hough transformation could correctly identify the point-to-point connections of the main branch system of apple trees. Based on 3D-structure measurements, the 3D-light model STANDFLUX-SECTORS predicted maximum leaf mass per area (LMAmax) of branches with a root mean square error of 10.3 g/m2. Vcmax and Jmax of beech and oak leaves were shown to be derivable from LMA. The comparison between daily courses of modelled light and branch sapflow showed similarities, but also dissimilarities that can only be explained with fine-scaled 3D-structure. * Corresponding author.
International economic analysis of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in WOSCOPS. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study.

AIMS The results of the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) demonstrated the clinical benefit of using pravastatin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. To inform decision makers, who must also consider costs, this study assesses the economic efficiency of such an intervention in a broad range of countries. METHODS AND RESULTS A generalized model of cardiovascular disease prevention was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention with pravastatin compared to diet alone. This model follows a cohort of hypercholesterolaemic men over a given period quantifying the effect in terms of the avoidance of cardiovascular disease based on treatment-specific risks derived from WOSCOPS data and extensive record-linkage data on disease-specific survival. Country-specific costs are accounted for by expressing all such parameters in terms of the ratio of monthly treatment to that of managing a myocardial infarction. Over a broad range of inputs the cost-effectiveness ratios remain below $25,000 per life years gained, regardless of country. Subgroups with even better economic efficacy can be defined on the basis of higher baseline risk. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to some previous reports, this analysis based on trial data demonstrates that pravastatin provides not only an effective means of primary cardiovascular disease prevention, but also an efficient one.
Adapting the Java Modeling Language for Java 5 Annotations

The Java Modeling Language (JML) is a formal specification language for Java that allows to express intended behavior through assertions. Currently, users must embed these assertions in Java comments, which complicates parsing and hinders tool support, leading to poor usability. This paper describes a set of proposed Java 5 annotations which reflect current JML assertions and provides for better tool support. We consider three alternative designs for such annotations and explain why the chosen design is preferred. This syntax is designed to support both a design-by-contract subset of JML, and to be extensible to the full language. We demonstrate that by building two tools: Modern Jass, which provides almost-native support for design by contract, and a prototype that works with a much larger set of JML.
A Novel Subspace Outlier Detection Approach in High Dimensional Data Sets

Many real applications are required to detect out- liers in high dimensional data sets. The major difficulty of min- ing outliers lies on the fact that outliers are often embedded in subspaces. No efficient methods are available in general for subspace-based outlier detection. Most existing subspace- based outlier detection methods identify outliers by searching for abnormal sparse density units in subspaces. In this paper, we present a novel approach for finding outliers in the 'inter- esting' subspaces. The interesting subspaces are strongly corre- lated withgood' clusters. This approach aims to group the meaningful subspaces and then identify outliers in the pro- jected subspaces. In doing so, an extension to the subspace- based clustering algorithm is proposed so as to find the 'good' subspaces, and then outliers are identified in the projected subspaces using some classical outlier detection techniques such as distance-based and density-based algorithms. Com- prehensive case studies are conducted using various types of subspace clustering and outlier detection algorithms. The ex- perimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect outliers effectively and efficiently in high dimensional data sets.
Variation-aware, reliability-emphasized design and optimization of RRAM using SPICE model

Resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) is a leading candidate for next-generation nonvolatile and storage-class memories and monolithic integration of logic with memory interleaved in multiple layers. To meet the increasing need for device-circuit-system co-design and optimization for applications from digital memory systems to brain-inspired computing systems, a SPICE model of RRAM that can reproduce essential device physics in a circuit simulation environment is required. In this work, we develop an RRAM SPICE model that can capture all the essential device characteristics such as stochastic switching behaviors, multi-level cell, switching voltage variations, and resistance distributions. The model is verified and calibrated by a variety of electrical measurements on ~10 nm RRAMs. The model is applied to explore a wide range of applications including: 1) variation-aware design; 2) reliability-emphasized design; 3) speed-power assessment; 4) array architecture optimization; and 5) neuromorphic computing. This experimentally verified design tool not only enables system design that utilizes the complete suite of RRAM device features, but also provides solutions for system optimization that capitalize on device/circuit interaction.
Bistability Analyses of a Caspase Activation Model for Receptor-induced Apoptosis*

Apoptosis is an important physiological process crucially involved in development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Although the major signaling pathways have been unraveled, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the complex underlying network remains elusive. We have translated here the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the death-receptor-activated caspase cascade into a mathematical model. A reduction down to the apoptotic core machinery enables the application of analytical mathematical methods to evaluate the system behavior within a wide range of parameters. Using parameter values from the literature, the model reveals an unstable status of survival indicating the need for further control. Based on recent publications we tested one additional regulatory mechanism at the level of initiator caspase activation and demonstrated that the resulting system displays desired characteristics such as bistability. In addition, the results from our model studies allowed us to reconcile the fast kinetics of caspase 3 activation observed at the single cell level with the much slower kinetics found at the level of a cell population.
Ten Methods to Fuse GMTI and HRRR Measurements for Joint Tracking and Identification

Abstract : Mutual-aided target tracking and identification (ID) schemes are described by exploiting the couplings between the target tracking and object ID systems, which are typically implemented separately. A hybrid state space approach is formulated to deal with continuous-valued kinematics, discrete-valued target type and discrete-valued target pose (inherently continuous but quantized). We identify ten possible mutual aiding mechanisms with different complexity in different levels. The coupled tracker design is illustrated within the context of using ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and high-range resolution radar (HRRR) measurements as well as digital terrain elevation data (DTED) and road maps. The resulting coupled tracking and ID system is expected to outperform the separately designed systems particularly during target maneuvers, for recovering from temporary data dropout, and in a dense target environment. We simulate HRRR ID support information to assist in pose-model selection of an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) tracker using GMTI measurements.