Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slowing of Electrical Activity in Ventricular Fibrillation is Not Associated with Increased Defibrillation Energies in the Isolated Rabbit Heart

Prolonged out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrests are associated with reduced ECG dominant frequency (DF) and diminished defibrillation success. Partial reversal of ischemia increases ECG DF and improves defibrillation outcome. We have investigated the metabolic components of ischemia responsible for the decline in ECG DF and defibrillation success. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were loaded with the voltage-sensitive dye RH237. Using a photodiode array, epicardial membrane potentials were recorded at 252 sites (15 mm × 15 mm) on the anterior surface of the left and right ventricles. Simultaneously, a global ECG was recorded. VF was induced by burst pacing, and after 60s, perfusion was either reduced to 6 ml/min or the perfusate composition changed to impose hypoxia (95% N2/5% CO2), pH 6.7 (80% O2/20% CO2), or hyperkalemia (8 mM). Using fast Fourier transform, power spectra were created from the optical signals and the global ECG. The optical power spectra were summated to give a global power spectrum (pseudoECG). At 600 s the minimum defibrillation voltage (MDV) was determined by step-up protocol. During VF, the ECG and pseudoECG DF were reduced by low-flow ischemia (9.0 ± 1.0 Hz, p < 0.01, n = 5) and raised [K+]o (12.2 ± 1.3 Hz, p < 0.05, n = 7) compared to control (19.2 ± 1.5 Hz, n = 20), but were unaffected by acidic pHo (16.7 ± 1.1 Hz, n = 11) and hypoxia (14.0 ± 1.2 Hz, n = 10). In contrast, the MDV was raised by acidic pH (156.1 ± 26.4 V, p < 0.001) and hypoxia (154.1 ± 22.1 V, p < 0.01) compared to control (65.6 ± 2.3 V), but comparable changes were not observed in low-flow ischemia (61.0 ± 0.5 V) or raised [K+]o (56 ± 3 V). In summary, different metabolites are responsible for the reduction in DF and the increase in defibrillation energy during ischemic VF.
Jasmonoyl-l-Isoleucine Coordinates Metabolic Networks Required for Anthesis and Floral Attractant Emission in Wild Tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata)[C][W][OPEN]

This study demonstrates that jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine synchronizes the corolla limb-opening process and metabolic pathways for the modulation of floral turgidity with the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1-based expression of floral attractants (benzylacetone) and rewards (nectar production). Jasmonic acid and its derivatives (jasmonates [JAs]) play central roles in floral development and maturation. The binding of jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the F-box of CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) is required for many JA-dependent physiological responses, but its role in anthesis and pollinator attraction traits remains largely unexplored. Here, we used the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, which develops sympetalous flowers with complex pollination biology, to examine the coordinating function of JA homeostasis in the distinct metabolic processes that underlie flower maturation, opening, and advertisement to pollinators. From combined transcriptomic, targeted metabolic, and allometric analyses of transgenic N. attenuata plants for which signaling deficiencies were complemented with methyl jasmonate, JA-Ile, and its functional homolog, coronatine (COR), we demonstrate that (1) JA-Ile/COR-based signaling regulates corolla limb opening and a JA-negative feedback loop; (2) production of floral volatiles (night emissions of benzylacetone) and nectar requires JA-Ile/COR perception through COI1; and (3) limb expansion involves JA-Ile-induced changes in limb fresh mass and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings demonstrate a master regulatory function of the JA-Ile/COI1 duet for the main function of a sympetalous corolla, that of advertising for and rewarding pollinator services. Flower opening, by contrast, requires JA-Ile signaling-dependent changes in primary metabolism, which are not compromised in the COI1-silenced RNA interference line used in this study.
Optimization by hybridization of a genetic algorithm with constraint satisfaction techniques

The authors introduce a new optimization method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) mixed with constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) techniques. The approach is designed for combinatorial problems whose search spaces are too large and/or objective functions too complex for usual CSP techniques and whose constraints are too complex for conventional genetic algorithm. The main idea is the handling of sub-domains of the CSP variables by the genetic algorithm. The population of the genetic algorithm is made up of strings of sub-domains whose fitness are computed through the resolution of the corresponding "sub-CSPs" which are somehow much easier than the original problem. They provide basic and dedicated recombination and mutation operators with various degrees of robustness. The first set of experimentations adresses a naive formulation of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) and the radio link frequency assignment problem (RLFAP). The results are quite encouraging as one outperforms CSP techniques and genetic algorithm alone.
Cache Designs for a Class of Statically Scheduled Instruction Level Parallel Architectures

Statically-scheduled architectures such as very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures use very wide instruction words in conjunction with high bandwidth to the instruction cache to achieve multiple instruction issue. The encoding used for the instructions can have an e ect on the requirements placed on the instruction fetch and instruction cache hardware. One type of encoding is a compressed encoding , named so because it does not explicitly store NOPs within the wide instruction word. A compressed encoding enables high memory utilization but at the expense of variable-sized instructions and the complexities associated with fetching variable-sized instructions. This paper examines instruction fetch and instruction cache mechanisms for VLIW architectures that use compressed encodings. Relevant issues are investigated using the TINKER experimental testbed. A taxonomy for instruction caches for VLIW architectures that use a compressed encoding is introduced. Four cache organizations from di erent categories within the taxonomy are presented: the uncompressed cache, the banked cache, the rigid silo cache, and exible silo cache. The designs are evaluated using trace-driven simulations. The results indicate that the banked cache is the best performer in terms of storage area requirements/program performance, and the silo cache designs could be appropriate in designs where storage limitations are not an issue or the characteristics of the applications to be executed are well-known.
Purification and characterization of fibroblast-activating factor isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis W50

A 24-kDa polypeptide which activated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into human fibroblasts was isolated from the outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50. This polypeptide, named fibroblast activating factor (FAF), was isolated by 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl-ammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate (CHAPS) detergent extraction and purified by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Purified FAF (100 ng of protein per ml) caused a 400% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) compared with results for controls. FAF was characterized as (i) a polypeptide with molecular masses of 24 kDa when heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min and 44 kDa when unheated, (ii) heat sensitive but not affected by selected reducing reagents, and (iii) possessing slight phosphatase activity. N'-terminal sequence analysis revealed no homology with P. gingivalis peptides or with any host-derived growth factors. These data suggest that FAF functions as a significant virulence factor which in vivo is capable of modulating homeostasis in local connective tissues.
New self-magnetically insulated connection of multi-level accelerators to a common load

We have developed a new type of convolute called the Clam Shell MITL (CSMITL) to couple multi-level accelerators to a common load. The CSMITL has magnetic nulls only at large radius where the cathode electric field is kept below the threshold for emission, has only a simply connected magnetic topology to avoid plasma motion along magnetic field lines into highly stressed gaps, and has electron injectors that ensure efficient electron flow even in the limiting case of self-limited MITLs. We report the first experimental results on a CSMITL, which convolutes two disk feeds on the Saturn accelerator into a single disk feed. Experiments with a high impedance electron beam load operating at twice the self-limited impedance of the CSMITL confirm key design features and demonstrate robust operation.
Documenting DNA in the dust

I bought a robotic vacuum cleaner this summer and set it to work. Although my initial expectations were not high, my robot (christened Buddy) finished its cleaning cycle, and then insistently demanded that I empty its dust collection box. As I took the box out, my jaw dropped. I live in a modern house, we don't have pets, and I like to think that I keep it reasonably dust free. But, there was much dust in that box. And when I ran it again 2 days later, the same thing happened. And indeed, every 2 days, Buddy dutifully goes to work, and sucks up a similarly impressive quantity. It's remarkable, and naturally begs the question of where it all comes from? Some is externally derived, entering the house with us or through open windows. Some is clearly fibres shed from clothes, furniture etc. Then there's the skin cells and hair we shed. But at least part is derived from the host of smaller organisms that live in and around our homes, many of which are arthropods (Butte & Heinzow ). I suspect almost all readers are aware that some smaller animals live in our houses – even those who live in the modern urban houses will have occasionally encountered the odd drosophila, silverfish or spider. But I suspect that prior to reading Madden et al.'s article in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Madden et al. ), few of you will have appreciated the true diversity, which, it turns out, is huge.
Neuropilin 1 and 2 control cranial gangliogenesis and axon guidance through neural crest cells

Neuropilin (NRP) receptors and their class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) ligands play well-established roles in axon guidance, with loss of NRP1, NRP2, SEMA3A or SEMA3F causing defasciculation and errors in growth cone guidance of peripherally projecting nerves. Here we report that loss of NRP1 or NRP2 also impairs sensory neuron positioning in the mouse head, and that this defect is a consequence of inappropriate cranial neural crest cell migration. Specifically, neural crest cells move into the normally crest-free territory between the trigeminal and hyoid neural crest streams and recruit sensory neurons from the otic placode; these ectopic neurons then extend axons between the trigeminal and facioacoustic ganglia. Moreover, we found that NRP1 and NRP2 cooperate to guide cranial neural crest cells and position sensory neurons; thus, in the absence of SEMA3/NRP signalling, the segmentation of the cranial nervous system is lost. We conclude that neuropilins play multiple roles in the sensory nervous system by directing cranial neural crest cells, positioning sensory neurons and organising their axonal projections.
Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of conductive elastic knits

Textiles can have valuable functions in terms of measurement, detection and communication when they are incorporated into functional electronic devices. However, the additional electric circuits limit the flexibility and extensibility, making the wearers uncomfortable and the manufacturing difficult. Therefore, in this study, conductive elastic knits are made of metallic yarns and expected to be used as wearable electronic textiles. In order to retain the flexibility of knits, a crochet machine with jacquard equipment is used to create knit patterns as electric circuits. Regardless of whether it is single-twisted yarn, double-twisted yarn, single-wrapped yarn, or double-wrapped yarn, the metallic wires can be completely covered in polyester filaments. Variations in twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns are beneficial to the tensile strength with a maximum increment of 14%, and changing twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns have a positive influence on the air permeability with a maximum increment of 24%. According to the results of the electric circuit stability test, using double-covered yarns ensures the knits a stabilized electric circuit regardless of the knit pattern.
What information about code snippets is available in different software-related documents? An exploratory study

A large corpora of software-related documents is available on the Web, and these documents offer the unique opportunity to learn from what developers are saying or asking about the code snippets that they are discussing. For example, the natural language in a bug report provides information about what is not functioning properly in a particular code snippet. Previous research has mined information about code snippets from bug reports, emails, and Q&A forums. This paper describes an exploratory study into the kinds of information that is embedded in different software-related documents. The goal of the study is to gain insight into the potential value and difficulty of mining the natural language text associated with the code snippets found in a variety of software-related documents, including blog posts, API documentation, code reviews, and public chats.
A Brief Perspective on Microtask Crowdsourcing Workflows for Interface Design

User interface design, as a crucial part of software design, is complex. Current micro task crowd sourcing workflows do not support its complexity well. The difficulty particularly relates to the process to decompose an interface design task into micro tasks. In order to make micro task crowd sourcing more supportive for interface design, we need a workflow that can help task owners to break down interface design tasks more easily. This paper briefly describes three experiments that help inform various aspects of workflow design for interface design through micro task crowd sourcing.
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain Nasal Retina Temporal Retina Temporal Retina Optic Nerve Optic Chiasm Optic Tract Left Visual Field Right Visual Field Left Monocular Zone Right Monocular Zone Binocular Zone Optic

Vision is the most widely studied and dominant sensory system in human and nonhuman primates. Of the total surface area of the cerebral cortex roughly 50% in macaque monkey, and 20 to 30% in human, is largely or exclusively involved in visual processing (Van Essen, 2004; Van Essen & Drury, 1997). Intensive study of vision in nonhuman primates, and particularly the macaque, has produced a detailed anatomical and functional description of processing at many levels of the neural visual pathway. In the past 20 years, the advent and development of functional brain imaging, and in particular functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), has enabled the detailed study of cortical, and in some cases subcortical, visual processing in humans. This chapter will synthesize findings from both human and nonhuman primates toward an understanding of the visual processing stream.
Towards Sustainable e-Health Networks: Does Modeling Support Efficient Management and Operation?

e-Health Networks require cost-effective approaches for routine operation to achieve long-lasting sustainability. By using a model to represent (i) the network's enterprise functions, (ii) the applications used and (iii) the physical implementations, the tasks of management, adapting to changes and providing continued maintenance can be effectively supported. The paper discusses approaches for modeling, assesses their usefulness for the above tasks and decides on the use of the 3LGM meta model. Based on this concept, three ways for modeling the specific properties of an e-Health network are presented, leading to the decision to represent the hospitals involved in only one layer. As a result the model derived is presented, assessed and proved to support strategic management, day-to-day maintenance and documentation.
Divergent Pathways in COS-7 Cells Mediate Defective Internalization and Intracellular Routing of Truncated G-CSFR Forms in SCN/AML

Background Expression of truncated G-CSFR forms in patients with SCN/AML induces hyperproliferation and prolonged cell survival. Previously, we showed that ligand internalization is delayed and degradation of truncated G-CSFR forms is defective in patients with SCN/AML. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we investigated the potential roles of dileucine and tyrosine-based motifs within the cytoplasmic domain of the G-CSFR in modulating ligand/receptor internalization. Using standard binding assays with radiolabeled ligand and COS-7 cells, substitutions in the dileucine motif or deletion of tyrosine residues in the G-CSFR did not alter internalization. Attachment of the transferrin receptor YTRF internalization motif to a truncated G-CSFR form from a patient with SCN/AML corrected defective internalization, but not receptor degradation suggesting that receptor internalization and degradation occur independently via distinct domains and/or processes. Conclusions Our data suggest that distinct domains within the G-CSFR mediate separate processes for receptor internalization and degradation. Our findings using standard binding assays differ from recently published data utilizing flow cytometry.
Novel Algorithm Combining Temporal Partitioning and Sharing of Functional Units

Resource virtualization on FPGA devices, achievable due to its dynamic reconfiguration capabilities, provides an attractive solution to save silicon area. Architectural synthesis for dynamically reconfigurable FPGA-based digital systems needs to consider the case of reducing the number of temporal partitions (reconfigurations), by enabling sharing of some functional units in the same temporal partition. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for automated datapath design, from behavioral input descriptions (represented by a dataflow graph), which simultaneously performs temporal partitioning and sharing of functional units. The proposed algorithm attempts to minimize both the number of temporal partitions and the execution latency of the generated solution. Temporal partitioning, resource sharing, scheduling, and a simple form of allocation and binding are all integrated in a single task. The algorithm is based on heuristics and on a new concept of construction by gradually enlarging timing slots. Results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm when compared to existent approaches.
Electrochemical properties of bi-component bundle of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/ polyaniline nanofibers containing TiO2 nanoparticles

Electroactive actuators including materials or devices can respond to an electric field, current, or voltage with a corresponding change in their size or shape. Recent researches show an emerging interest in the electroactive polymers actuating systems because of their proper electrochemical properties for actuators and artificial muscles. The current research involves fabrication of core–sheath polyacrylonitrile (PAN)–polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers containing up to 15% TiO2 nanoparticles in core, as well as the investigation of the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the prepared nanofibrous bundles. In the first step, high electrical conductive PANi polymer was synthesized through the oxidative polymerization method. TiO2 nanoparticles were added to the core of nanofibers to improve both mechanical and electrical properties of the produced nanofibrous bundles. Synthesized PANi was used to produce aligned nanofibrous bundles comprising PAN–TiO2 (0–15%) as core and PAN–PANi as sheath with an average diameter of 199–350 nm. The structural and physical properties of nanofibrous bundles were studied by Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Mechanical and cyclic voltammetric tests were performed on core–sheath PAN/PANi samples to evaluate the mechanical and electrochemical properties, respectively. According to the results, fabricated bundles of coaxial PAN–TiO2/ PAN–PANi nanofibers is highly recommended as a candidate for electroactive actuator because of high electrical conductivity. PAN/ PAN–PANi nanofibers demonstrate an oxidation/ reduction peak of 0.8 V with a maximum current of 14.0 × 10−5 A related to PANi and PAN–TiO2(10%)/ PAN–PANi has a maximum current of 11.0 × 10−5 A with a peak at 0.8 V because of the presence of PANi.
A new empirical nonlinear model for sub-250 nm channel MOSFET

An empirical nonlinear model for sub-250 nm channel length MOSFET is presented which is useful for large signal RF circuit simulation. Our model is made of both analytical drain current and gate charge formulations. The drain current expression is continuous and infinitely derivable, and charge conservation is taken into account, as the capacitances derive from a single charge expression. The model's parameters are first extracted, prior the model's implementation into a circuit simulator. It is validated through dc, ac, and RF large signal measurements compared to the simulation.
V1 response timing and surface filling-in.

There is ample evidence from demonstrations such as color induction and stabilized images that information from surface boundaries plays a special role in determining the perception of surface interiors. Surface interiors appear to "fill-in. " Psychophysical experiments also show that surface perception involves a slow scale-dependent process distinct from mechanisms involved in contour perception. The present experiments aimed to test the hypothesis that surface perception is associated with relatively slow scale-dependent neural filling-in. We found that responses in macaque primary visual cortex (V1) are slower to surface interiors than responses to optimal bar stimuli. Moreover, we found that the response to a surface interior is delayed relative to the response to the surface's border and the extent of the delay is proportional to the distance between a receptive field and the border. These findings are consistent with some forms of neural filling-in and suggest that V1 may provide the neural substrate for perceptual filling-in.
Transparent, Incremental Checkpointing at Kernel Level: a Foundation for Fault Tolerance for Parallel Computers

We describe the software architecture, technical features, and performance of TICK (Transparent Incremental Checkpointer at Kernel level), a system-level checkpointer implemented as a kernel thread, specifi- cally designed to provide fault tolerance in Linux clusters. This implementation, based on the 2.6. 11 Linux kernel, provides the essential functionality for transparent, highly responsive, and efficient fault tolerance based on full or incremental checkpointing at system level. TICK is completely user-transparent and does not require any changes to user code or system libraries; it is highly responsive: an interrupt, such as a timer interrupt, can trigger a checkpoint in as little as 2. 5µs; and it supports incremental and full checkpoints with minimal overhead-less than 6% with full checkpointing to disk performed as frequently as once per minute.
Design a Wind Speed Prediction Model Using Probabilistic Fuzzy System

Generation of wind is a very complicated process and influenced by large numbers of unknown factors. A probabilistic fuzzy system based prediction model is designed for the short-term wind speed prediction. By introducing the third probability dimension, the proposed prediction model can capture both stochastic and the deterministic uncertainties, and guarantee a better prediction in complex stochastic environment. The effectiveness of this intelligent wind speed prediction model is demonstrated by the simulations on a group of wind speed data. The robust modeling performance further discloses its potential in the practical prediction of wind speed under complex circumstance.