Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion control of free piston engine generator based on LQR

As an alternative power resource of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), the Free Piston Engine Generator (FPEG) is investigated for its potential advantages in terms of fuel efficiency and fuel flexiblity. Precise control of piston motion is important for reliable operation of free piston engine. In this paper, a discrete-time control-oriented model of free piston system is derived based on the energy conservation equation. An optimal controller based on LQR technique is designed to control piston position. Concerning the impact of disturbance due to transient load requirement, the system is augmented with an integrator to stabilize the steady state error. Finally, effectiveness of the designed controller is tested in a high fidelity simulation model established in the AMESim environment and the results are satisfying.
Un índice de rugosidad del terreno a escala municipal a partir de modelos de elevación digital de acceso público

This working paper looks at a geographical feature that, to our knowledge, has not been investigated in Spain so far, terrain ruggedness. Using geographical information systems and two public access digital elevation models we construct a terrain ruggedness index that quantifies topographic heterogeneity, and is based on the slope with neighborhood cells. Focusing on the higher resolution Digital Elevation Model, we show that ruggedness and altitude are almost completely unrelated and both variables have a very different spatial distribution. The main conclusion is that the ruggedness index provides a summary of a useful geographical feature of the landscape, in the same way as altitude or proximity to the coast. In addition, the Digital Terrain Model of ruggedness can be used to obtain average values of ruggedness at any level of geographical aggregation we desire, such as regions or municipalities.
Fore‐arc basalts and subduction initiation in the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana system

Recent diving with the JAMSTEC Shinkai 6500 manned submersible in the Mariana fore arc southeast of Guam has discovered that MORB‐like tholeiitic basalts crop out over large areas. These “fore‐arc basalts” (FAB) underlie boninites and overlie diabasic and gabbroic rocks. Potential origins include eruption at a spreading center before subduction began or eruption during near‐trench spreading after subduction began. FAB trace element patterns are similar to those of MORB and most Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) back‐arc lavas. However, Ti/V and Yb/V ratios are lower in FAB reflecting a stronger prior depletion of their mantle source compared to the source of basalts from mid‐ocean ridges and back‐arc basins. Some FAB also have higher concentrations of fluid‐soluble elements than do spreading center lavas. Thus, the most likely origin of FAB is that they were the first lavas to erupt when the Pacific Plate began sinking beneath the Philippine Plate at about 51 Ma. The magmas were generated by mantle decompression during near‐trench spreading with little or no mass transfer from the subducting plate. Boninites were generated later when the residual, highly depleted mantle melted at shallow levels after fluxing by a water‐rich fluid derived from the sinking Pacific Plate. This magmatic stratigraphy of FAB overlain by transitional lavas and boninites is similar to that found in many ophiolites, suggesting that ophiolitic assemblages might commonly originate from near‐trench volcanism caused by subduction initiation. Indeed, the widely dispersed Jurassic and Cretaceous Tethyan ophiolites could represent two such significant subduction initiation events.
Fine-Grain Leakage Power Reduction Method for m-out-of-n Encoded Circuits Using Multi-threshold-Voltage Transistors

Asynchronous self-timed circuits which tolerate any delay variations are a feasible solution to timing-related problems while they suffer large energy dissipation due to large amount of their circuits. In future process technologies, it has been recognized that leakage power is a large factor in the total power dissipation. In this paper, we propose two leakage power reduction methods for m-out-of-n encoded circuits which operate based on the four-phase handshake protocol using multi-threshold-voltage transistors. One method is based on the traditional power gating technique which reduces leakage power by shutting off the power of idle circuits. Another method is to apply high-threshold-voltage transistors into the off-state transistors whose gate input signals are inactive in the idle phase. The evaluation results show that about 94% and 81% of the leakage power in the idle phase can be reduced.
Some winter characteristics of the northern high-latitude ionosphere

Langmuir probe measurements of the winter diurnal behavior of the electron density (Ne) and temperature (Te) at 1000 km at high latitudes are presented. The data are represented by contour plots of Ne and Te on a grid of geomagnetic latitude and local time. The time period studied is November 1, 1965, through February 12, 1966. The Ne distribution is characterized by a zonal structure where the auroral oval is the transition region between the midlatitude and polar zones. Ne in the midlatitude zone exhibits a quasi-steady state through most of the night, and both Ne and Te increase in value to an afternoon maximum. Ne in the dark polar zone decays until midnight after which the ionization increases toward a daytime level. The transition region, represented by the oval, shows enhancements in Ne suggestive of particle flux sources. In general, the dayside Te contours do not correlate with the Ne contours. Limited comparisons between winter and summer indicate strong seasonal effects in the Ne pattern and unusually large values of Te in the winter midlatitude zone. Characteristic troughs in Ne appear on the nightside for both seasons. Possible ionization sources that would be consistent with the observed ionization patterns are considered.
ACCURACY OF THE POSITIONAL ACTIVITY LOGGER#2 (PAL2) TO IDENTIFY HUMAN POSTURE AND MOVEMENT

This study investigated the accuracy of the Positional Activity Logger 2 (PAL2, ProMed Pty Ltd) to identify activity. Eighteen healthy adults participated in this study. Activities were performed three times in random order for durations ranging from 10 to 110 s and were simultaneously recorded by a PAL2 (10 Hz) and Vicon System (120 Hz). The PAL2 correctly identified all activities. Significant duration differences were found for lying, running, sitting and standing (p=0.001). No significant duration differences were found for walking. Mean absolute errors ranged from 3.27 to 5.40 s. The validity of the PAL2 was also assessed with ICCs. It was found to be high for lying and running (ICC=0.87, ICC=0.94, p=0.0001), good for sitting and standing (ICC=0.74, ICC=0.76, p=0.0001) yet low for walking (ICC=0.58, p=0.001). Overall, the PAL2 exhibited good accuracy.
Influence of reach geomorphology on hyporheic communities in a gravel‐bed stream

Abstract The surface sediment, subsurface sediment, and hyporheos were sampled by freeze‐coring at three sites of contrasting geomorphology in a New Zealand gravel‐bed stream. No differences in size class composition were detected among the subsurface sediments of the three sites but the forced pool‐riffle (a stretch of stream where the sequence of pool and riffles is controlled by in‐channel bedrock outcrops) had significantly finer surface sediments than the other sites. The hyporheos of all sites was dominated numerically by insects, including nymphs of Deleatidium and Oniscigaster, and chironomid larvae. Of the non‐insect taxa, Isopoda, Oligochaeta, and Acari were most common. No significant differences existed between total invertebrate density or taxon richness at the sites. Aoteapsyche was found only in the plane bed site, whereas Nesameletus was found only in the forced pool‐riffle. Psilochorema and Nematoda occurred at significantly lower densities in the forced pool‐riffle than in the plane bed or floodplain sites. For most taxa, local variation within a site was greater than that between sites. Total invertebrate density was highest near the sediment surface but no significant differences were found between the three sites in this or any other depth layer. Significant site‐depth interactions were obtained for three taxa (Zelandobius, Ostracoda, and Oligochaeta) indicating that local geomorphology may result in differential depth distributions of hyporheic species.
Hailstone detection based on time series association rules

Hailstone is one of main meteorological disasters and it is difficult to forecast effectively. In this paper, a new hail echo detection method based on time series association rules was proposed and a hail echo automatic detection system was built. Compared to the existing methods, the test results have shown that this method eliminated hail alert failure completely and also reduced the proportion of false alarm, raising the accuracy of hail forecast. The system was able to assist forecasters to make correct hail forecasts and provide reference to other disastrous weather forecast.
depletion predictions using pumping test data from a depletion predictions using pumping test data from a heterogeneous stream–aquifer system (a case study from the heterogeneous stream–aquifer system (a case study from

Kollet, S. J. and Zlotnik, Vitaly A. , "Reply to comment by H. Lough, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, on the paper “Stream depletion predictions using pumping test data from a heterogeneous stream–aquifer system (a case study from the Great Plains, USA)”" (2005). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 274. https://digitalcommons.unl. edu/geosciencefacpub/274
Seismic Structure of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle of North America and Adjacent Oceanic Basins: A Synthesis

We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of North America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include the crustal thickness, whole-crustal average P-wave and S-wave velocity, and seismic velocity of the up- permost mantle, that is, Pn and Sn. We found the following: (1) The average thickness of the crust under North America is 36.7 km (standard deviation (s.d.) 8.4 km), which is 2.5 km thinner than the world average of 39.2 km (s.d. 8.5) for continental crust; (2) Histograms of whole-crustal P- and S-wave velocities for the North Amer- ican crust are bimodal, with the lower peak occurring for crust without a high-velocity (6.9-7.3 km/sec) lower crustal layer; (3) Regions with anomalously high average crustal P-wave velocities correlate with Precambrian and Paleozoic orogens; low average crustal velocities are correlated with modern extensional regimes; (4) The average Pn velocity beneath North America is 8.03 km/sec (s.d. 0.19 km/sec); (5) the well-known thin crust beneath the western United States extends into north- west Canada; (6) the average P-wave velocity of layer 3 of oceanic crust is 6.61 km/ sec (s.d. 0.47 km/sec). However, the average crustal P-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than the western Atlantic seafloor due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor.
Effective data collection scheme for real-spatial group communication among mobile nodes

Recently, a demand for flexible “group communication” considering users' real-spatial information such as location and property is increasing drastically. To achieve this, we proposed the “r-Space system” that mainly consists of (a) users' data collection and (b) data delivery. In this research, we focus on data collection that can be applied to mobile nodes. Since the r-Space system delivers application data to the communication group users based on the information obtained through the phase of (a) data collection, the information should be maintained as long as possible until the phase of (b) data delivery starts. Therefore, in this study, we proposed “two-tier data collection” for (a) data collection and “mobile group-based data delivery” for (b) data delivery. In the proposed scheme, mobile nodes select two sorts of representative nodes (RNs): subarea-based RNs (SA-RNs) and mobile group-based RNs (MG-RNs). An SA-RN is determined for an individual geographical certain area (a subarea). On the other hand, an MG-RN is determined for an individual group of mobile nodes with similar mobility pattern. Through simulation experiments, we showed that our proposed scheme reduces the number of transmitted messages on wide area wireless network effectively while maintaining the information obtained through the phase of (a) data collection until the phase of (b) data delivery starts. That is, an effective data collection can be achieved by the proposed scheme.
Dr. Hadoop: an infinite scalable metadata management for Hadoop—How the baby elephant becomes immortal

In this Exa byte scale era, data increases at an exponential rate. This is in turn generating a massive amount of metadata in the file system. Hadoop is the most widely used framework to deal with big data. Due to this growth of huge amount of metadata, however, the efficiency of Hadoop is questioned numerous times by many researchers. Therefore, it is essential to create an efficient and scalable metadata management for Hadoop. Hash-based mapping and subtree partitioning are suitable in distributed metadata management schemes. Subtree partitioning does not uniformly distribute workload among the metadata servers, and metadata needs to be migrated to keep the load roughly balanced. Hash-based mapping suffers from a constraint on the locality of metadata, though it uniformly distributes the load among NameNodes, which are the metadata servers of Hadoop. In this paper, we present a circular metadata management mechanism named dynamic circular metadata splitting (DCMS). DCMS preserves metadata locality using consistent hashing and locality-preserving hashing, keeps replicated metadata for excellent reliability, and dynamically distributes metadata among the NameNodes to keep load balancing. NameNode is a centralized heart of the Hadoop. Keeping the directory tree of all files, failure of which causes the single point of failure (SPOF). DCMS removes Hadoop’s SPOF and provides an efficient and scalable metadata management. The new framework is named ‘Dr. Hadoop’ after the name of the authors.
Size-constrained region merging (SCRM): a new segmentation method to derive a baseline partition for object-oriented classification

Object-oriented analysis of RS images for landcover mapping is based upon the same hierarchical patch model used in modern Landscape Ecology. In such model, each patch is a loosely integrated whole -- an object that can be viewed simultaneously as part of a superobject and as made of subobjects. The focal level, i.e. the level of the nested hierarchy on which the analysis is focused, is indicated by the minimum size that the objects of this level are supposed to have. Based on this framework, we have developed a segmentation method that defines a partition on a multispectral image such that each segment exceeds the minimum size required for patches of the focal level. The segmented image is subsequently used as the baseline for an object-oriented classification in which segments become the basic units. In our contribution we briefly describe the method, focusing on its region merging stage. The most distinctive feature of the latter is that while the merging sequence is ordered by increasing dissimilarity as in conventional methods, there is no need to define a threshold on the dissimilarity measure between adjacent regions. The initial segments are image blobs (defined here as tiny homogeneous regions, darker, brighter or of different hue than their surroundings), contoured by a morphological method (gradient watersheds). The merging process is conducted iteratively, allowing only one mergence per segment and iteration, and not allowing mergence when (1) one of the two segments to be merged has a neighbor that has been merged in current iteration; (2) both segments exceed the minimum size; and (3) one of both segments is smaller than this size but it has a more similar neighbor than the one under consideration. The method is illustrated with an example on a forested region in Spain.
An Efficient Identity-Based Strong Designated Verifier Signature without Delegatability

We propose a non-delegatable identity based strong designated verifier signature scheme. It combines an identity based Schnorr signature and an identification method. An OR proof technique glues the two parts. It is the second scheme secure in a strict model proposed by Huang et al. And it saves about half the communication and computation costs comparing to the first scheme.
Network Propagation with Dual Flow for Gene Prioritization

Based on the hypothesis that the neighbors of disease genes trend to cause similar diseases, network-based methods for disease prediction have received increasing attention. Taking full advantage of network structure, the performance of global distance measurements is generally superior to local distance measurements. However, some problems exist in the global distance measurements. For example, global distance measurements may mistake non-disease hub proteins that have dense interactions with known disease proteins for potential disease proteins. To find a new method to avoid the aforementioned problem, we analyzed the differences between disease proteins and other proteins by using essential proteins (proteins encoded by essential genes) as references. We find that disease proteins are not well connected with essential proteins in the protein interaction networks. Based on this new finding, we proposed a novel strategy for gene prioritization based on protein interaction networks. We allocated positive flow to disease genes and negative flow to essential genes, and adopted network propagation for gene prioritization. Experimental results on 110 diseases verified the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method.
Direct Tuning Strategy for PMSM Drives

This paper deals with a numerical method for Proportional Integral (PI) controllers design for Permanent Magnets Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives. The design procedure is based on the manipulation of the system transfer functions to achieve a closed form representation for the parameters of the speed, torque and flux PI controllers. Current filters, inverter first order effects, dead-time and speed filter have been taken into account when solving system equations to achieve more reliable results. Maximum allowable stability conditions are also provided by the tuning method, which are based on the selected controller type (i.e. PI). Accordingly, the designer has to specify only the open loop crossover frequency and the system phase margin which can be equal to or lower than the maximum acceptable. This method could be useful for a first and robust tuning of electric drives control architectures.
A Functional MiR-124 Binding-Site Polymorphism in IQGAP1 Affects Human Cognitive Performance

As a product of the unique evolution of the human brain, human cognitive performance is largely a collection of heritable traits. Rather surprisingly, to date there have been no reported cases to highlight genes that underwent adaptive evolution in humans and which carry polymorphisms that have a marked effect on cognitive performance. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a scaffold protein, affects learning and memory in a dose-dependent manner. Its expression is regulated by miR-124 through the binding sites in the 3′UTR, where a SNP (rs1042538) exists in the core-binding motif. Here we showed that this SNP can influence the miR-target interaction both in vitro and in vivo. Individuals carrying the derived T alleles have higher IQGAP1 expression in the brain as compared to the ancestral A allele carriers. We observed a significant and male-specific association between rs1042538 and tactile performances in two independent cohorts. Males with the derived allele displayed higher tactual performances as compared to those with the ancestral allele. Furthermore, we found a highly diverged allele-frequency distribution of rs1042538 among world human populations, likely caused by natural selection and/or recent population expansion. These results suggest that current human populations still carry sequence variations that affect cognitive performances and that these genetic variants may likely have been subject to comparatively recent natural selection.
Moving the Field into the Lab: Simulation of Water and Heat Transport in Subarctic Peat

Large climate chambers are suitable to simulate, at or close to field scale, the annual freezing and thawing of layered peat in subarctic active layers above permafrost. An experiment in a climate chamber at the University of Western Ontario was designed to freeze and thaw four peat cores 60 cm in diameter. This paper describes the climate chamber and experimental setup, and evaluates their ability to maintain one‐dimensional change in soil moisture and temperature profiles. Preliminary results on soil water content (liquid and total) indicate that active‐layer freezing resulted in an upward movement of water towards a freezing front that propagated downward. The physical simulations will contribute towards improving conceptual and mathematical hydrological models for permafrost regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of FLEMOcs – a new model for the estimation of flood losses in the commercial sector

Abstract The estimation of flood damage is an important component for risk-oriented flood design, risk mapping, financial appraisals and comparative risk analyses. However, research on flood-loss modelling, especially in the commercial sector, has not gained much attention so far. Therefore, extensive data about flood losses were collected for affected companies via telephone surveys after the floods of 2002, 2005 and 2006 in Germany. Potential loss determining factors were analysed. The new Flood Loss Estimation MOdel for the commercial sector (FLEMOcs) was developed on the basis of 642 loss cases. Losses are estimated depending on water depth, sector and company size as well as precaution and contamination. The model can be applied to the micro-scale, i.e. to single production sites as well as to the meso-scale, i.e. land-use units, thus enabling its countrywide application. Citation Kreibich, H. , Seifert, I. , Merz, B. & Thieken, A. H. (2010) Development of FLEMOcs – a new model for the estimation of flood losses in the commercial sector. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(8), 1302–1314.
Temperature effects on the retrieval of SO2 from ultraviolet satellite observations

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has a significant impact on the urban environment pollution and global climate. Compared with regional ground monitoring networks, satellite remote sensing technology provides an unprecedented advantage for continuous, large spatial and short-revisit monitoring for atmospheric SO2. Approaches for retrieval of SO2 from ultraviolet satellite observations have been developed and applied to detection of volcanic SO2 and regional emissions. However, these retrieval algorithms do not consider the temperature variation effect on SO2 retrievals, and simply use the absorption coefficient at a constant temperature as inputs for SO2 retrievals. In this study, hyperspectral OMI measurements were used to analyze the temperature effects on the retrieval of SO2 columns. Results of DOAS algorithm showed that with increasing SO2 concentration, the retrieval errors caused by temperature effects accumulated, and the differences in SO2 columns increased to a maximum of ~25 DU (SO2 column of 293K: ~65 DU). Therefore, atmospheric temperature is an important factor which has significant influence to high precise atmospheric SO2 retrievals.