Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The scope of neuroethology

Abstract Neuroethology, an interdisciplinary subdivision of neuroscience, has emerged in recent years. Since 1976 there has been a regular session under this heading at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. In 1980 two introductory texts in English were published on the subject (Ewert 1980; Guthrie 1980), and a third (Camhi 1984) was published recently. There is widespread interest in neural mechanisms underlying behavior, but they encompass such a vast array of often unrelated topics that proponents do not share common goals. This article describes the emergence of ethology as a discipline, pointing out that its practitioners were successful because they confined their research to stereotyped, complex, nonlearned, innate behavioral acts. A limited number of profoundly significant principles emerged. Each of these is redefined. The major concepts of earlier ethology were embodied in a simple hydraulic model used by Konrad Lorenz in 1949 (Lorenz 1950). It is pointed out that this model implies the existence of common neurophysiological mechanisms and neuronal circuitry. This model has now been made obsolete by neurophysiological progress, but with appropriate modifications an updated version may still be useful in focusing attention on possible principles. The initial aim of neuroethology should be to examine the neurophysiological events in a variety of behaviors, exhibited by diverse animals from different phyla, which meet the criteria of innate behavioral acts. The behaviors should be sufficiently complex to interest ethologists, yet they should be addressable with neurophysiological methods down to the cellular level. In the case of vertebrates this may mean working with brain slices as well as whole animals, but for some invertebrates recording should be possible in the nearly intact animal during execution of the behavior. The work will be exacting and very difficult, and it is not likely to get done at all unless neuroethologists recognize that they should both train and discipline themselves and restrict their attention to welldefined goals.
Las promesas de los monstruos: una política regeneradora para otros inapropiados/ble

«L as promesas de los monstruos» será un ejercicio cartográfico y de documenta ción de viajes por los paisajes físicos y mentales de lo que puede considerarse naturaleza en ciertas luchas globales/locales. Estas contiendas se localizan en un tiempo raro y alocrónico —mi propio tiempo y el de mis lectores en la última década del segundo milenio Cristianoy en un espacio extraño y alotópico —el vientre de un monstruo preñado, aquí mismo, desde donde escribimos y leemos—. El propósito de esta excursión es escribir teoría, esto es, hacer visibles modelos sobre cómo moverse y a qué temer en la topografía de un presente imposible pero absolutamente real, para encontrar otro presente ausente, aunque quizá posible. No busco las señas de presencias absolutas; aunque sea con resistencias, tengo otra idea. Como el cristiano en el Pilgrim’s Progress, sin embargo, me he comprometido a alejarme del abatimiento más profundo y de las ciénagas infectas que no llevan a ninguna parte paraarribar aambientes más salubres 2 La teoría pretende orientarnos y facilitarnos el croquis másburdo paraviajar, moviéndose dentro de y a través de un artefactualismo implacable, que prohibe cualquier observación/localización directa de la naturaleza, hacia una ciencia ficcional, a un lugar especulativo factual, a un lugar 5F4 llamado, simplemente, otro lugar. Al menos para quienes se dirige este ensayo, la «naturaleza» del artefactualismo no es tanto un lugar diferente como un no-lugar, algo totalmente distinto. En efecto, un artefactualismoreflexivo ofrece serias esperanzas políticas y analíticas. La teoría de este ensayo es modesta. Sin ser una visión sistemática de conjunto, es un pequeño recurso de emplazamiento en una larga serie de herramientas de trabajo. Tales recursos de observación han sabido recomponer los mundos para sus partidarios —y para sus oponentes—.
Numerical Approximation of a Compressible Multiphase System

Abstract. The numerical simulation of non conservative system is a difficult challenge for two reasons at least. The first one is that it is not possible to derive jump relations directly from conservation principles, so that in general, if the model description is non ambiguous for smooth solutions, this is no longer the case for discontinuous solutions. From the numerical view point, this leads to the following situation: if a scheme is stable, its limit for mesh convergence will depend on its dissipative structure. This is well known since at least [1]. In this paper we are interested in the “dual” problem: given a system in non conservative form and consistent jump relations, how can we construct a numerical scheme that will, for mesh convergence, provide limit solutions that are the exact solution of the problem. In order to investigate this problem, we consider a multiphase flow model for which jump relations are known. Our scheme is an hybridation of Glimm scheme and Roe scheme.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR AUTOMATIC FEATURE EXTRACTION

Recent years have seen significant improvements in the performance of automatic cartographic feature extraction (CFE) systems. Early systems, painstakingly tweaked to work in a very limited fashion on small images, have given way to systems which produce credible results in situations representative of production environments. While no existing automatic system is yet ready for incorporation into a production environment, significant strides have been made toward this goal. Semi-automated systems, with significant man-in-the-loop capabilities, continue to be developed by photogrammetric workstation vendors. However, a fundamental requirement for system development, and an absolute prerequisite for production applications, is the rigorous evaluation of automated system performance. Indeed, without meaningful evaluation, we can hardly be said to be doing science. Rigorous evaluation requires the definition of a set of metrics, relevant to user requirements and meaningful in terms of expected system performance. These metrics must be generated across common, well-documented datasets which are representative of production sources and scenes. To provide concrete examples of system evaluation techniques, this paper describes work in the Digital Mapping Laboratory on the evaluation of automated cartographic feature extraction systems. Activities include the definition and publication of metrics for several types of feature extraction systems, the generation and distribution of several large test data sets, and extensive evaluations on our CFE systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of future activities and directions in system evaluation.
Data-streams and histograms

Histograms have been used widely to capture data distribution, to represent the data by a small number of step functions. Dynamic programming algorithms which provide optimal construction of these histograms exist, albeit running in quadratic time and linear space. In this paper we provide linear time construction of 1 + ε approximation of optimal histograms, running in polylogarithmic space. Our results extend to the context of data-streams, and in fact generalize to give 1 + ε approximation of several problems in data-streams which require partitioning the index set into intervals. The only assumptions required are that the cost of an interval is monotonic under inclusion (larger interval has larger cost) and that the cost can be computed or approximated in small space. This exhibits a nice class of problems for which we can have near optimal data-stream algorithms.
Efficacy of Psychological Treatment for Headaches: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Analysis of Potential Modifiers of Treatment Efficacy

Objectives:A variety of psychological treatments exist for headaches (HAs). Their efficacy has been evaluated through systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Our goal was to evaluate the scope of these reviews and reevaluate the efficacy of treatments considering potential sources of variation systematically. These findings should help guide clinical practice and will provide guidance to researchers planning to address the efficacy of psychological treatments for HAs. Materials and Methods:Two systematic reviews were conducted: one searched for systematic reviews with meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of psychological treatments for HA in Cochrane Database, DARE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, and PsychINFO from inception to December 2011. Two independent reviewers screened, evaluated quality, and extracted data. The second review searched for primary studies from the included reviews estimating the efficacy of psychological treatments for a clinically significant change. Results:Eighteen reviews met a priori criteria for inclusion. The broad scope of research on efficacy of psychological treatments for HA is reflected by variation in clinical and methodological characteristics of the reviews. These variations were explored through meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of 41 primary studies and showed that some of these variations, including time of assessment, treatment type, age, HA diagnosis, and study quality, can impact the magnitude of treatment effect. Discussion:There is substantial evidence in favor of psychological treatments for HA management. Further investigation, especially in specific treatments (cognitive-behavioral or autogenic treatment) for HA disorders, is needed. The assessment of these systematic reviews highlighted key areas where improvement should be made to increase the quality of evidence.
Assessment of a Diversity Assignment in a PR Principles Course

Abstract This study assesses an assignment for incorporating diversity into the principles of public relations course. The assignment is tailored to the challenges of using an active learning approach in a large lecture class. For the assignment, students write a goal, objectives, strategies, an identification of tactics, and evaluation plans for either low-income African-American women or low-income Hispanic women living in an urban food desert. Based on focus group data, this assignment appears to help students focus on lectures and retain the material a year after the assignment. With rare exception, the participants who completed the assignment had a better level of cultural understanding than participants who did not have the assignment, as measured by performances on a similar case study one year after the assignment.
Conceptualization and measurement of fan engagement: empirical evidence from a professional sport context.

In the sport management literature, limited attention has been devoted to the conceptualization and measurement of fan engagement. Two quantitative studies were completed to validate the proposed fan-engagement scale composed of three defining elements (management cooperation, prosocial behavior, and performance tolerance). The results from Study 1 provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the threefactor model of fan engagement. In Study 2, we assess nomological validity by examining the antecedents and consequences of fan engagement and found that team identification and basking in reflected glory played a particularly important role in increasing the three dimensions of fan engagement. Furthermore, the results indicate that performance tolerance has a positive effect on purchase intention. These findings highlight the importance of the sequential relationships between team identification, performance tolerance, and purchase intention.
Optimal design of adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control using Genetic algorithm

In this paper, a stable indirect adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control (AIT2-FSMC) is introduced for a class of nonlinear systems. In the presence of uncertainties, especially under noisy and external disturbances, interval type-2 fuzzy system can be helpful in approximating unknown nonlinear system functions. To achieve more efficiency, the proposed controller is designed to use the targeted combination of sliding mode as a robust controller, interval type-2 fuzzy system as a universal approximator, and adaptive control law as an online parameter's tuner. The interval type-2 adaptation law is derived using Lyapunov approach, and mathematical analysis proves the closed loop system to be asymptotically stable. Although stability of the controller is provided via Lyapunov approach, optimization is required for performance improvement. Genetic algorithm (GA), as a population-based approach, is then used to optimize the parameters of the interval Type-2 fuzzy sets. Simulation analysis shows that the optimized IT2FSMC can reach improved performance.
A Comparison of VaR Estimation Procedures for Leptokurtic Equity Index Returns

The paper presents and tests Dynamic Value at Risk (VaR) estimation procedures for equity index returns. Volatility clustering and leptokurtosis are well-documented characteristics of such time series. An ARMA (1, 1)-GARCH (1, 1) approach models the inherent autocorrelation and dynamic volatility. Fattailed behavior is modeled in two ways. In the first approach, the ARMA-GARCH process is run assuming alternatively that the standardized residuals are distributed with Pearson Type IV, Johnson SU, Manly’s exponential transformation, normal and t-distributions. In the second approach, the ARMA-GARCH process is run with the pseudonormal assumption, the parameters calculated with the pseudo maximum likelihood procedure, and the standardized residuals are later alternatively modeled with Mixture of Normal distributions, Extreme Value Theory and other power transformations such as John-Draper, Bickel-Doksum, Manly, Yeo-Johnson and certain combinations of the above. The first approach yields five models, and the second ap-proach yields nine. These are tested with six equity index return time series using rolling windows. These models are compared by computing the 99%, 97.5% and 95% VaR violations and contrasting them with the expected number of violations.
Hypothyroidism and anti‐endothelial cell antibodies

Because of our previous demonstration of anti‐endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and their association, in this condition, with thyroid disease, we sought these antibodies in patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction using an enzyme immunoassay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells as the substrate. AECA were found in 5/120 (4.2%) patients with normal and 15/97 (15.4%) with abnormal thyroid function. The increased prevalence in the latter group was due to a highly significant association between the presence of AECA and raised levels of TSH. We conclude that a highly significant correlation exists between the levels of AECA and TSH, but not between those of AECA and fT4. Patients with hypothyroidism as defined by high levels of TSH have AECA significantly more often than patients with low or normal TSH (22.2% versus 2.8% and 5.8%).
The iron law of democratic socialism: British and Austrian influences on the young Karl Polanyi

Abstract A central thesis of Karl Polanyi's The great transformation concerns the tensions between capitalism and democracy: the former embodies the principle of inequality, while democracy represents that of equality. This paper explores the intellectual heritage of this thesis, in the ‘functional theory’ of G.D. H. Cole and Otto Bauer and in the writings of Eduard Bernstein. It scrutinizes Polanyi's relationship with Bernstein's ‘evolutionary socialism’ and charts his ‘double movement’ vis-à-vis Marxist philosophy: in the 1910s he reacted sharply against Marxism's deterministic excesses, but he then, in the 1920s, engaged in sympathetic dialogue with Austro-Marxist thinkers. The latter, like Bernstein, disavowed economic determinism and insisted upon the importance and autonomy of ethics. Yet they simultaneously predicted a law-like expansion of democracy from the political to the economic arena. Analysis of this contradiction provides the basis for a concluding discussion that reconsiders the deterministic threads in Polanyi's oeuvre. Whereas for some Polanyi scholars these attest to his residual attraction to Marxism, I argue that matters are more complex. While Polanyi did repudiate the more rigidly deterministic of currents in Marxist philosophy, those to which he was attracted, notably Bernstein's ‘revision’ and Austro-Marxism, incorporated a deterministic fatalism of their own, in respect of democratization. Herein lies a more convincing explanation of Polanyi's incomplete escape from a deterministic philosophy of history, as exemplified in his masterwork, The great transformation.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Effects on a Graphene X-Ray Detector Laser-Scribed From Graphene Oxide

We have evaluated the total-ionizing-dose response of graphene-based X-ray detectors fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) via laser scribing. Raman characterization shows that the resulting structures exhibit the desired conversion of GO to graphene; both high- and low-resistance detectors are formed. The detectors are quite radiation sensitive, as demonstrated by fast pulse testing. The response time of the detectors degrades with total-ionizing dose exposure as a result of electron trapping at residual oxygen from unreacted GO and/or adsorbed oxygen on the graphene surface.
Identification of non-functional allelic variant of CYP1A2 in dogs.

OBJECTIVES Recently, we reported that AC-3933, a novel cognitive enhancer, is polymorphically hydroxylated in beagle dogs and that dogs could be phenotyped as extensive metabolizers (EM) or poor metabolizers (PM). AC-3933 polymorphic hydroxylation is caused by polymorphic expression of CYP1A2 protein in dog liver. METHODS In order to clarify the mechanism of polymorphic expression of CYP1A2 protein in beagle dogs, we investigated, in this study, the sequence of CYP1A2 cDNA in EM and PM dogs. RESULTS In PM dogs CYP1A2 gene, we discovered a nonsense mutation (C1117T) that induces a premature termination, and is associated with PM phenotype for AC-3933 hydroxylation. All PM dogs studied were homozygote of the mutant allele (m/m) and seemed to be CYP1A2-null phenotype as they lacked the heme-binding region in CYP1A2. These results indicate that the polymorphic expression of CYP1A2 protein observed in our previous study is caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism on CYP1A2 coding region. Furthermore, we developed a genotyping method for the mutant allele using a mismatch PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and carried out frequency analysis in 149 beagle dogs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that more than 10% of the dogs studied were CYP1A2-null. Because CYP1A2-null phenotype in dogs affects the results of pharmacokinetic, toxicological and pharmacological studies of drug candidates, these findings are important in the pharmaceutical and the veterinary fields.
Alterations in Expression and Chromatin Configuration of the Alpha Hemoglobin-Stabilizing Protein Gene in Erythroid Krüppel-Like Factor-Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) is an erythroid zinc finger protein identified by its interaction with a CACCC sequence in the β-globin promoter, where it establishes local chromatin structure permitting β-globin gene transcription. We sought to identify other EKLF target genes and determine the chromatin status of these genes in the presence and absence of EKLF. We identified alpha hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) by subtractive hybridization and demonstrated a 95 to 99.9% reduction in AHSP mRNA and the absence of AHSP in EKLF-deficient cells. Chromatin at the AHSP promoter from EKLF-deficient cells lacked a DNase I hypersensitive site and exhibited histone hypoacetylation across the locus compared to hyperacetylation of wild-type chromatin. Wild-type chromatin demonstrated a peak of EKLF binding over a promoter region CACCC box that differs from the EKLF consensus by a nucleotide. In mobility shift assays, the AHSP promoter CACCC site bound EKLF in a manner comparable to the β-globin promoter CACCC site, indicating a broader recognition sequence for the EKLF consensus binding site. The AHSP promoter was transactivated by EKLF in K562 cells, which lack EKLF. These results support the hypothesis that EKLF acts as a transcription factor and a chromatin modulator for the AHSP and β-globin genes and indicate that EKLF may play similar roles for other erythroid genes.
PaisleyTrees: A Size-Invariant Tree Visualization

Squeezing large tree structures into suitable visualizations has been a perennial problem. In response to this challenge, we present PaisleyTrees, a size-invariant tree visualization. PaisleyTrees integrate node-of-interest focus with tree-cut presentations to support rapid tree navigation without resorting to zooming and panning. This visualization o ﬀ ers the ability to work with trees of arbitrary depth and breadth, and maintains legibility for displayed elements. These advantages are achieved by using a hybrid layout, inspired by traditional Paisley patterns, that combines node-link, nested and adjacency-based tree layout techniques, and o ﬀ ers both depth and breadth elision.
A Novel Dynamic Trust Model for P2P NetWork

Since traditional centralized trusting mechanism can not adapt to the demand of P2P network, we need estab- lish a distributed trusting mechanism to strength the reliability of system. The trust models focus o the members. It di- vides P2P network into several overlapped groups with different functions and treats it as trust relationship of groups, trust relationship between groups and peers and trust relationship among peers in the same group. In one group,the eval- uations among members come into being by combinations of history records of object peers written by members and indi- vidual experience of appreciators,also by amending these records according to differences of individualsabilities to remark. In P2P network,the trust evaluation between groups are obtained by using a method of global trust. At last,the trust degree of aimed peers is calculated by evaluations between members in the same group and trust evaluations be- tween groups, then corresponding decision of trade can be made by the trust degree. The experiments in simulation have shown our model has strong ability for defending malicious peers and it has fewer errors in targets searching. It also costs little price in the re-convergence process when network topology changes.
Bimanual tangible interaction with mobile phones

In the context of tangibility, mobile phones are rapidly becoming sensor-rich handheld computers with the potential to take better advantage of our physical capabilities and our lifetime of experiences interacting both in and with the world around us. In this paper, we analyse four different ways in which mobiles can be used to represent and control digital information, showing that each resulting interaction style is characterized by a unique coordination of the user's attention and two hands in relation to the mobile device. We present our analysis in terms of a framework that can be used to critically examine future schemes of bimanual interaction with mobile phones.