Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transvenous embolization of dural fistulas involving the cavernous sinus.

Because of the risks associated with arterial embolization of cavernous dural fistulas, we have sought an alternative method to promote fistula closure. Thirteen patients underwent transvenous embolization as a treatment for symptomatic cavernous dural fistulas. All procedures were performed from a femoral vein access through the inferior petrosal sinus or basilar plexus. In five patients the inferior petrosal sinus was not angiographically demonstrable; however, embolization was still possible through this route in two patients. The embolic agents used were detachable balloons in one patient, coils alone in five, coils and liquid adhesives in four, coils plus silk sutures in one, silk sutures alone in one, and liquid adhesives alone in one. Nine patients had follow-up angiograms, which showed complete obliteration of the fistulas and complete resolution of related symptoms. One patient had complete resolution of clinical symptoms but refused follow-up angiography. Another patient had 50% decrease in fistula flow on the follow-up angiogram and improvement in clinical symptoms. Two patients had complete fistula obliteration after embolization and progressive improvement in symptoms but follow-up angiograms had not been obtained. Follow-ups ranged from 1 to 97 months (mean, 15 months). Two complications were related to this treatment. An embolic stroke followed transient placement of a balloon in the internal carotid in one patient, and a second patient developed transient visual loss when the venous outflow pathways were occluded before fistula closure. The fistula was immediately closed with complete recovery of vision. With recent advances in microcatheter and embolic agent technology, transvenous closure of cavernous dural fistulas is now possible. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Social Ventures from a Resource–Based Perspective: An Exploratory Study Assessing Global Ashoka Fellows

This study aims to discover relationships using a resource–based view of entrepreneurship and the social value creation characteristics of 70 social entrepreneurs. This study builds on existing research that commercial and social entrepreneurs share similar operational processes by providing empirical support for these relationships from a sample of acknowledged successful social entrepreneurs and by applying a resource–based lens to the context of social entrepreneurship. Novel qualitative and quantitative content analysis techniques were applied to the online profiles of Ashoka Fellows. Statistically significant relationships were found among measures of partnerships, financial capital, innovativeness, organizational structure, and knowledge transferability. These findings suggest that social entrepreneurs, when viewed through a resource–based lens, demonstrate similar internal operational processes in utilizing resource bundles as commercial entrepreneurs.
Generalized Impulse Balance: An Experimental Test for a Class of 3 × 3 Games

In this paper, we introduce a generalized version of impulse balance equilibrium. The stationary concept is applied to 3 × 3 games based on the Bailiff and Poacher Game (Selten, 1991) and its predictive success is experimentally tested against the one of Nash equilibrium. Experiments with 26 different games were conducted; 12 games with completely mixed Nash equilibria and 14 games with partially mixed Nash equilibria. In all the games, generalized impulse balance yields predictions that are closer to the data than the ones of Nash equilibrium. Overall, generalized impulse balance has a significantly higher predictive success than Nash equilibrium.
Young people and youth policies in Spain in times of austerity: between juggling and the trapeze

The aim of this article is to present and discuss the situation regarding young people and youth policy in Spain via the parameters of the magic triangle linking policy, research and action: (1) the situation of young people in Spain today – some indicators are highlighted regarding the main challenges and opportunities for young people, with references to the so-called ‘Ni-Nis’ (neither studying nor working) and the movement of the ‘outraged’ youth that occupied the streets of Spain's major cities in May 2011; (2) the current approaches adopted by public youth policies in Spain and limitations and difficulties encountered by the government in attempting to meet the demands of young people; (3) social work with young people and professionals involved in youth policies. In the last section, we conclude with some open questions and proposals for the immediate future.
Long-term substitutability between environmental and man-made goods

Abstract Substitutability between environmental and man-made goods plays a major role in the sustainability debate. The notion of substitutability covers a continuous spectrum, with perfect substitutability at one end and poor substitutability at the other. In this paper, it is shown that, if economic growth sustains, a sharp distinction emerges between perfect and poor substitutability, without any intermediate interpretation of substitutability. If poor substitutability prevails, environmental resources will eventually constitute the major part of total consumption value. We relate our results to “Baumol's disease,” and assess the implications of this phenomenon for the compensation of environmental losses.
A monolithic integrated 150 GHz SiGe HBT push-push VCO with simultaneous differential V-band output

A fully integrated push-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with simultaneous differential fundamental output is realized using an advanced 0.13/spl mu/m SiGe HBT process. A maximum oscillation frequency of 155 GHz, up to -5 dBm output power at 150 GHz and 30 GHz wide tuning range is achieved. The measured phase-noise in the linear tuning range is around -85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from carrier. Up to +3 dBm output power and 6 dB lower phase noise is obtained at each of the fundamental frequency differential ports. For a similar but fixed frequency oscillator, -2 dBm output power and a low phase noise of less than -90 dBc/Hz is measured at 1 MHz from the 140 GHz carrier.
In-Hospital Mortality and Long-Term Survival of Patients With Acute Intoxication Admitted to the ICU*

Objective:To assess in-hospital and long-term mortality of Dutch ICU patients admitted with an acute intoxication. Design:Cohort of ICU admissions from a national ICU registry linked to records from an insurance claims database. Setting:Eighty-one ICUs (85% of all Dutch ICUs). Patients:Seven thousand three hundred thirty-one admissions between January 1, 2008, and October 1, 2011. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the unadjusted mortality of the total intoxicated population and for specific intoxication subgroups based on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV reasons for admission: 1) alcohol(s), 2) analgesics, 3) antidepressants, 4) street drugs, 5) sedatives, 6) poisoning (carbon monoxide, arsenic, or cyanide), 7) other toxins, and 8) combinations. The case-mix adjusted mortality was assessed by the odds ratio adjusted for age, gender, severity of illness, intubation status, recurrent intoxication, and several comorbidities. The ICU mortality was 1.2%, and the in-hospital mortality was 2.1%. The mortality 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after ICU admission was 2.8%, 4.1%, 5.2%, 6.5%, and 9.3%, respectively. Street drugs had the highest mortality 2 years after ICU admission (12.3%); a combination of different intoxications had the lowest (6.3%). The adjusted observed mortality showed that intoxications with street drugs and “other toxins” have a significant higher mortality 1 month after ICU admission (odds ratioadj = 1.63 and odds ratioadj= 1.73, respectively). Intoxications with alcohol or antidepressants have a significant lower mortality 1 month after ICU admission (odds ratioadj = 0.50 and odds ratioadj = 0.46, respectively). These differences were not found in the adjusted mortality 3 months upward of ICU admission. Conclusions:Overall, the mortality 2 years after ICU admission is relatively low compared with other ICU admissions. The first 3 months after ICU admission there is a difference in mortality between the subgroups, not thereafter. Still, the difference between the in-hospital mortality and the mortality after 2 years is substantial.
Short Adult Stature and Overweight Are Associated with Poor Intellectual Performance in Subjects Born Preterm

Background/Aims: To study the association between preterm birth and adult intellectual performance, with special emphasis on the influence of postnatal growth. Methods: A population-based cohort study was performed on 272,046 males, born between 1973 and 1978, of whom 248,447 were conscripted for military service between 1991 and 1997. Birth characteristics were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and information on intellectual performance, final height and BMI were taken from the Swedish Conscript Register. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: At conscription, males born preterm had lower results at tests of intellectual performance compared to those born at term. Short adult stature among these males enhanced the risk of low intellectual performance, as compared to those with normal adult stature. Moreover, a high adult BMI in the males born preterm was associated with an increased risk of subnormal performance as compared to those with normal BMI. Conclusions: Subjects born preterm had poorer intellectual performance than those born at term. Short adult stature or a high BMI was associated with an even higher risk for poor intellectual performance in the subjects born preterm. This indicates the occurrence of common mechanisms underlying growth and cognitive development.
Identification and Characterization of a Stress-Inducible and a Constitutive Small Heat-Shock Protein Targeted to the Matrix of Plant Peroxisomes 1 [ W ]

Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are widespread molecular chaperones for which a peroxisomal localization has not yet been reported. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes two sHsps with putative peroxisomal targeting signals type 1 or 2 (PTS1 or PTS2). As demonstrated by double-labeling experiments using full-length fusion proteins with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein and deletion constructs lacking the putative targeting domains, AtHsp15.7 (At5g37670) and AtAcd31.2 (At1g06460) are targeted to the peroxisome matrix by a functional PTS1 (SKL.) and a functional PTS2 (RLx5HF), respectively. The peroxisomal localization of AtAcd31.2 was further confirmed by isolation of leaf peroxisomes from Arabidopsis by two successive sucrose density gradients, protein separation by oneand two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometric protein identification. When AtHsp15.7 and AtAcd31.2 were heterologously expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and directed to the cytosol by deletion of the PTSs, both sHsps were able to complement the morphological phenotype of yeast mutants deficient in the cytosolic homologs ScHsp42 or ScHsp26. According to expression studies by reverse transcription-PCR, AtAcd31.2 is constitutively expressed, whereas AtHsp15.7 is hardly expressed under normal conditions but strongly induced by heat and oxidative stress, the latter of which was triggered by the catalase inhibitor 3-aminotriazole or the herbicide methyl viologen applied by watering of whole plants or infiltration of rosette leaves. Thus, plants are exceptional among eukaryotes in employing sHsps in the peroxisome matrix to prevent unspecific aggregation of partially denatured proteins under both physiological and stress conditions.
Equilibria in a Random Viewer Model of Television Broadcasting

The authors considered a model of commercial television market with advertising with probabilistic viewer choice of channel, where private broadcasters may coexist with a public television broadcaster. The broadcasters influence the probability of getting viewer attention through the amount that they spend on programming, so that their advertising capacity depends on their own program outlays as well as on those of their competitors. A larger number of broadcasters will reduce overall capacity even when total program outlays are kept fixed, because the attention of viewers is split among a larger number of channels. The authors derive properties of equilibrium in an oligopolistic market with private broadcasters and show that the number of firms has a negative effect on overall advertising and viewer satisfaction. If there is a public channel that also sells advertisements but does not maximize profits, this will have a positive effect on advertiser and viewer satisfaction.
Distribution System Fault Recovery with Controllable Distributed Generations

With the increasing installed capacity of distributed generators (DGs) in distribution systems, its impact on distribution systems is becoming more significant. The conventional methods for distribution systems fault recovery have to be upgraded due to more DGs integration. In this paper, a novel restoration strategy with a two-stage process is proposed. In the first stage, islands are established with power supplied from DGs. In the second stage, the islands formed in first stage will be modeled as dispatchable loads. These dispatchable loads and other traditional loads that are not within the islands will be restored together. This problem described as a multi-objective problem with the minimal system loss, number of switch operation and potential loss of loads. Fast elitist non-dominated sorting partheno-genetic algorithm is employed to solve this multi-objective problem. IEEE 33-bus system is used as an example. The results show that the models and algorithms proposed in this paper is efficient.
The Returns to Following Currency Forecasts

This paper examines the profitability to following the recommendations of currency forecasters. Initially, we show in a Bayesian framework that the forecasts can be quite noisy and yet still allow the potential for profitable trading opportunities. Next, we analyze the recommendations of actual currency forecasts during the 1990-2003 period, ranking each currency by its expected appreciation to a base currency of reference. In general, we find limited evidence of positive but statistically insignificant returns by following the recommendations. Finally, when we combine the forecasted rankings with the rankings given by technical and interest rate signals, we find highly significant, positive returns.
The Impact of Debt-Equity Reporting Classifications on the Firms' Decision to Issue Hybrid Securities

We test the influence of classification of securities into liabilities and equity on firms' financing choices, using as our setting the change in reporting classification of hybrid securities following SFAS 150. We find that this change affected the decision of firms to issue mandatorily redeemable preferred shares (MRPS). Following the requirement that firms classify the debt-like hybrid security MRPS as a liability, the share of MRPS issuances in firms' new financing declined. Characteristics of firms issuing MRPS also changed. While prior to SFAS 150 firms with higher levels of debt and lower coverage ratios chose to issue MRPS and not debt, after its adoption, the decision to issue MRPS is no longer related to firms' pre-existing debt and coverage levels. Furthermore, our results indicate that before SFAS 150 managers were willing to bear the higher issuance fees of MRPS and chose to issue these debt-like hybrid securities over cheaper debt. The requirement to classify debt-like hybrids as a liability took away the reporting incentives for issuance and made these securities a less popular financing vehicle.
The International Monetary (Non-)Order and the 'Global Capital Flows Paradox'

This paper sets out to investigate the forces behind the so-called "global capital flows paradox" and related "dollar glut" observed in the era of advancing financial globalization. The supposed paradox is that the developing world has increasingly come to pursue policies that resulted in current account surpluses and thus net capital exports—destined primarily for the capital-rich United States. The hypothesis put forward here is that systemic deficiencies in the international monetary and financial order have been the root cause behind today's situation. Furthermore, it is argued that the United States' position as issuer of the world's premiere reserve currency and supremacy in global finance explain the related conundrum of a positive investment income balance despite a negative international investment position. The assessment is carried out in light of John Maynard Keynes’s views on a sound international monetary and financial order.
Liposomal Circular Dichroism (L-CD) of Arenoyl Derivatives of Sphingolipids. Amplification of Cotton Effects in Ordered Lipid Bilayers

Liposomal circular dichroism (L-CD) of acyclic amino alcohols exhibit amplification of Cotton effects when measured in highly uniform, unilamellar liposomes. The effect is likely due to intermolecular associations—H-aggregates—that self-assemble spontaneously within the lipid bilayer, and persists over long time scales. L-CD spectra of N,O,O′-tri-(6′methoxy-2′-naphthoyl)-d-erythro-sphingosine, or the corresponding dihydro-derivative (sphinganine), shows ~10-fold amplification of magnitudes of Cotton effects over conventional CD spectra recorded in isotropic solution.
Balancing global and local strategic contexts: expatriate knowledge transfer, applications, and learning within a transnational organization

We investigate how expatriates contribute to the transnational firm's strategic objectives of global efficiency, national (”local”) responsiveness, and worldwide learning. We focus on expatriate knowledge application and experiential learning achievements, two assignment-based outcomes of potential strategic value to the firm. We assess how the individual's everyday knowledge access and communication activities, measured by frequency and geographic extent, affect these assignment outcomes. Within our case organization, a prototype transnational firm, we find that expatriate knowledge applications result from frequent knowledge access and communication with the corporate headquarters and other global units of the firm. In contrast, their experiential learning derives from frequent access to hostcountry (local) knowledge that subsequently is adapted to the global corporate context. From a practical perspective, we conclude that experiential learning is an invaluable resource for both present and future corporate assignments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determining Essential Steps in Designing a Successful System of Organizational Career Development

In the current contemporary and highly competitive business environment, all organizations are encouraged to create a work environment, which fosters growth and development by implementing a career development program. Because through such a program, organizations can achieve their strategic goals and employees’ ideal career will be available for them. It is not exaggerated to say that there are still many organizations that have failed to achieve career development goals, their employees are not motivated to stay and they are always looking for competent individuals to fill the vacancies. Unfortunately, those organizations assume that the development costs are wasted. Therefore, in this paper, we intended to identify the essential steps to design a successful system of organizational career development; a system by which individuals and organizations are able to reach their goals. For the purposes of this study, 25 managers and human resource experts from Iranian large private companies, in Tehran, who have successfully experienced such a system, were interviewed. Six factors were determined as the most influential key factors in system’s success, including goals and needs review, harmonizing the road map, accurate assessment, development program, and matching and creating opportunities. The findings indicate that a positive relationship exists between mentioned factors and the success of the organizational career development system.
Integrins of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

Integrins are extracellular matrix receptors composed of α and β subunits. Here we describe two α subunits and four β subunits from the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the α subunits are most closely related to RGD- and LDV-dependent α subunits of chordates. The β subunits cluster with the previously described β integrins of the hard coral Acropora millepora. The expression of one of the α subunits and three of the β subunits was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization. The α subunit is primarily expressed in cells near muscles, by a subset of gastrodermal cells, and in the gonad. The three β subunits each have distinctive patterns of expression: one is concentrated in the gonad and mesenteric filament, another is found in a subset of cells in the epidermis of the oral region and in a subset of gastrodermal cells in the mesenteries, and a third is expressed widely. Changes in expression were also studied 48 h after horizontal transection by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization. One of the β subunits is expressed 8-fold higher during regeneration, and its expression is observed in cells within both the epidermis and the gastrodermis at the site of regeneration. Our observations confirm that complex patterns of integrin expression were already present in basal metazoans. The integrins expressed in the gonads may play roles in mediating sperm-egg interactions in N. vectensis, while others may play a role in regulating proliferation during regeneration.
On convexity of stochastic optimization problems with constraints

We investigate constrained optimal control problems for linear stochastic dynamical systems evolving in discrete time. We consider minimization of an expected value cost over a finite horizon. Hard constraints are introduced first, and then reformulated in terms of probabilistic constraints. It is shown that, for a suitable parametrization of the control policy, a wide class of the resulting optimization problems are either convex or amenable to convex relaxations.
Kalman Filters and the Target Values of Monetary Aggregates

A FREQUENTLY POSED QUESTION in monetary policy formulation concerns the choice of which money supply to focus on. Usually one of two alternative choice critena is advocated. Some economists advocate a particular money supply definition on the grounds that it has a stable velocity function that is, the linkage between the chosen money supply and nominal GNP is very predictable. 1 Others favor choosing the money supply that is most easily controllable that is, which has the most predictable linkage to the directly controlled monetary base.2 What these viewpoints have in common is the assertion that it is appropriate to focus on one "best" version of the money supply. They argue that the base should be set to try to achieve a target value of that money supply and should be adjusted in response to surprise deviations of that money supply in order to restore the original target value. This paper, by contrast, shows that in general it is suboptimal to focus on one money supply alone. Deviations of either M1 or M2 from their expected values