Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Records Online for Patients and Effects on the Work Environment of Nurses

In 2012 Patients Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHR) was introduced in Region Uppsala, Sweden. When PAEHR was introduced heath care professionals were very concerned especially in relation to potential negative effects on their work environment. However, few studies exist that investigate in what way work environments have been affected, and no studies have focused on the nurses' working in primary care. Hence, the purpose of this study was to fill this gap through seven interviews with primary care nurses that were transcribed and thematically analysed. The study shows that the nurses' experiences an altered contact as patients accessing PAEHR came prepared to meetings with more informed questions. They also experienced that the service had increased their work load and that it creates uncertainty for nurses who do not know when to inform the patient about test results etc. Finally, some implications are discussed in relation to the patients' role in shared decision making.
Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by observation or passive movement of trainee's hands by a robotic device). This obviously presents a major challenge in the rehabilitation of a paretic limb since voluntary control of physical movement is limited. Here, we describe a novel training scheme we have developed that has the potential to circumvent this major challenge. We exploited the voluntary control of one hand and provided real-time movement-based manipulated sensory feedback as if the other hand is moving. Visual manipulation through virtual reality (VR) was combined with a device that yokes left-hand fingers to passively follow right-hand voluntary finger movements. In healthy subjects, we demonstrate enhanced within-session performance gains of a limb in the absence of voluntary physical training. Results in healthy subjects suggest that training with the unique VR setup might also be beneficial for patients with upper limb hemiparesis by exploiting the voluntary control of their healthy hand to improve rehabilitation of their affected hand.
Dynamic continuity of cytoplasmic and membrane compartments between plant cells

Fluorescence photobleaching was employed to examine the intercellular movement of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein between contiguous soybean root cells (SB-1 cell line) growing in tissue culture. Results of these experiments demonstrated movement of these fluorescent probes between cytoplasmic (symplastic) compartments. This symplastic transport was inhibited with Ca2+ in the presence of ionophore A23187, and also with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Both of these agents have previously been demonstrated to inhibit gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication in animal cells. In a companion experiment, a fluorescent phospholipid analogue, N-4- nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC), was incorporated into soybean cell membranes to examine whether dynamic membrane continuity existed between contacting cells, a transport route not existing between animal cells. Photobleaching single soybean cells growing in a filamentous strand demonstrated that phospholipid did exchange between contiguous cells.
A review of Single Microbubble Acoustics

Ultrasound microbubble (MB)-enhanced imaging is currently applied in the clinic for heart and liver dia gnosis. The potential use of quantifying microvascular flow has been researched for over 20 years. The necessity f or investigating the acoustics of single MBs stems from the lack of a single or a predictable distribution of their acou stic responses. In other words investigations of MB clouds are limited in providing information on the individual scatter components, thus making difficult the comparison of experimenta l and theoretical data, but also the assessment of the performance of signal processing algorithms. Single MB acoustics measurements have provided high quality data that may advance MB theory and signal processing research. With the help of accurate calibration of MB scatter it i s possible to observe and study physical phenomena such as resonance, the onset of transient cavitation, MB cracking, the different contributions of the shell, gas and environment including narrow tubing, and the various decay mec hanisms. It is possible to capture large sample sizes of signal di stributions and enable thorough signal processing a nalysis without the prerequisite of a model for MB behaviour.
HIGH-EXCITATION EMISSION LINES NEAR ETA CARINAE, AND ITS LIKELY COMPANION STAR

In order to study the distribution of gas and ionizing radiation around η Car and their implications for its likely companion star, we have examined high-excitation emission lines of [Ne iii], [Fe iii], etc., in spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument during 1998–2004. Our principal results, some of them unexpected, are as follows. (1) The high-excitation fluxes varied systematically and non-trivially throughout η Car's 5.5 year spectroscopic cycle. Instead of rising to a plateau after the 1998 “event,” they changed continuously with a maximum in mid-cycle. (2) At one significant location a brief, strong secondary maximum occurred just before the 2003.5 spectroscopic event. (3) These emission lines are strongly concentrated at the “Weigelt knots” several hundred AU northwest of the star. With less certainty, [Ne iii] appears to be somewhat more concentrated than [Fe iii]. (4) A faster, blueshifted component of each feature appears concentrated near the star and elongated perpendicular to the system's bipolar axis. This structure may be related to the equatorial outflow and/or to dense material known to exist along our line of sight to the star. (5) Using the photoionization program Cloudy, we estimated the range of parameters for the hot secondary star that would give satisfactory high-excitation line ratios in the ejecta. Teff ≈ 39, 000 K and L ∼ 4 × 105 L☉, for example, would be satisfactory. The allowed region in parameter space is wider (and mostly less luminous) than some previous authors suggested.
Automated estimation of mTS score in hand joint X-ray image using machine learning

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) damages joints, and the destructed and/or deformed joint causes the pain and reduces the joint function. The prognosis can be improved by early treatment, but it requires accurate evaluation of the degree of RA progression to apply appropriate treatment. The modified total sharp (mTS) score in hand or foot X-ray image has been used to quantitatively evaluate the RA progression evaluation. However, the mTS score measurement takes huge labor and it is very time consuming method because a physician should evaluate progression grade for all hand joints, and the evaluation is subjective. This paper proposes an automated finger joint detection and mTS score estimation method using support vector machine. The experiment in 45 RA patients shows that the proposed method succeeded in detecting the finger joint and estimating the mTS score. As the number of learning data increases, the proposed method can estimate the mTS score with higher accuracy.
Expanding the CCM boundary of a current-fed switched inverter

Current-Fed Switched Inverter (CFSI) is widely used due to its higher gain and inherent shoot-through protection. To account for the pulsating power output of the single phase CFSI, the passive storage elements (inductor and capacitor) of its boost stage contains a second harmonic component. As a result, the peak-to-peak ripple in the inductor current increases. This increased ripple forces the CFSI to have Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) during light load condition. This distorts the AC output voltage of the CFSI. To avoid DCM, the peak-to-peak ripple in inductor current must be reduced. This paper presents a control based approach, in which second harmonic component of the inductor current is suppressed. This expands the boundary range of Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) in a CFSI and improves its light load range. The proposed control scheme is validated for CFSI using a 500 W prototype, and it shows that the peak to peak ripple in the inductor current is reduced from 6.04 A to 2.76 A for a resistive load. This results the CCM boundary is extended by 54.3 % for a DC input of 35 V and AC output of 61 V (RMS).
Dexamethasone affects cell growth/apoptosis/chemosensitivity of colon cancer via glucocorticoid receptor α/NF-κB

Glucocorticoids are effective to treat lymphoma and leukemia. Their effect in colon cancer remains far from clear. Here, we found that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) α protein level was dramatically lower in colon cancer than in lymphoma. Colon cell lines LoVo and HCT116 were GRα-rich and GRα was not detectable in HT29 or SW480. Dexamethasone significantly inhibited cell growth of GRα-rich cell lines and did not significantly affect GRα-negative cell lines. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis and increased chemosensitivity of GRα-rich cell lines. Knockdown of GRα significantly attenuated dexamethasone effects on cell growth, apoptosis and chemosensitivity. NF-κB p65 significantly correlated with GRα in colon cancer samples. Dexamethasone decreased NF-κB p65 activity. Knockdown of NF-κB p65 increased apoptosis. Our data demonstrate GRα protein level is dramatically lower in colon cancer than in lymphoma. Dexamethasone inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in colon cancer, at least partly, via GRα and NF-κB.
Functionalization of carbopol with NVP for designing antibiotic drug loaded hydrogel dressings for better wound management

In the present work an attempt has been made to design the antibiotic drug loaded carbopol-poly(NVP) based hydrogel wound dressings for better wound care. The polymer films were characterized by SEM-EDX, AFM, FTIR, 13CNMR, TGA/DTA/DTG, DSC, and swelling studies. Besides drug release, various biomedical properties (viz. blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, oxygen permeability, water vapour transmission rate, microbial penetration, tensile strength, bursting strength, resilience, stress relaxation, and folding endurance) have also been studied. The polymer films have been observed to be biocompatible, permeable to oxygen and water vapour and have absorbed simulated wound fluid 11.37±0.31 g/g of polymer film.The drug release profile followed the Case-II diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Hixson-Crowell's kinetic models.Mechanical properties results showed that the polymer film had 0.65±0.12 Nmm-2 tensile strength, 119.38±14.26% elongationand 25.49±0.72% resilience.
Lensless fluorescence imaging with height calculation

Abstract. Lensless fluorescence imaging (LFI) is the imaging of fluorescence from cells or microspheres using an image sensor with no external lenses or filters. The simplicity of the hardware makes it well suited to replace fluorescence microscopes and flow cytometers in lab-on-a-chip applications, but the images captured by LFI are highly dependent on the distance between the sample and the sensor. This work demonstrates that not only can samples be accurately detected across a range of sample-sensor separations using LFI, but also that the separation can be accurately estimated based on the shape of fluorescence in the LFI image. First, a theoretical model that accurately predicts LFI images of microspheres is presented. Then, the experimental results are compared to the model and an image processing method for accurately predicting sample-sensor separation from LFI images is presented. Finally, LFI images of microspheres and cells passing through a microfluidic channel are presented.
Procedures for screening out inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake

Abstract Objective: To review existing methods and illustrate the use of a new, simple method for identifying inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake (rEI). Design: Comparison of rEI with energy requirements estimated by using total energy expenditure predicted (pTEE) from age, weight, height and sex using a previously published equation. Propagation of error calculations was performed and cut-offs for excluding rEI at plus or minus two standard deviations (±2 SD) and ±1 SD for the agreement between rEI and pTEE were established. Setting: Dietary survey in a US national cohort: the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–96. Subjects: Men and non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged 21–45 years in the CSFII who provided two multiple-pass 24-hour recalls, height and weight(n = 3755). Results: Average rEI was 77% of pTEE in men, and 64% of pTEE in women. Calculated cut-offs were rEI <40% or >160% of pTEE (±2 SD) and <70% or >130% of pTEE (±1 SD), respectively. Use of only the ±1 SD cut-offs, not the ±2 SD cut-offs, resulted in a relationship between rEI and body weight similar to what was expected (based on an independently calculated relationship between rEI and measured TEE). Exclusion of rEI outside either the ±2 SD (11% of subjects) or ±1 SD (57% of subjects) cut-offs did not affect mean reported macronutrient intakes, but did markedly affect relationships between dietary composition and body mass index. Conclusions: When examining relationships between diet and health, use of ±1 SD cut-offs may be preferable to ±2 SD cut-offs for excluding inaccurate dietary reports.
Involvement of receptor potentials and action potentials in mechano-perception in plants

The rapid turgor movements of Mimosa pudica and some carnivorous plants have long stimulated the interest of botanists. In addition, it is becoming evident that slower responses of plants to mechanical stimuli, such as coiling of tendrils and thigmomorphogenesis, are common phenomena. Electrophysiological studies on mechano-perception have been carried out in M. pudica and carnivorous plants, and have established that the response to mechanical stimulation is composed of three steps: perception of the stimulus, transmission of the signal, and induction of movement in motor cells. The first step is due to the receptor potential, the second and third steps are mediated by the action potential. In this article, the mechanisms of responses to mechanical stimuli of these plants are considered. Since higher plants are composed of complex tissues, detailed analysis of electrical phenomena is rather difficult, and so the mechanism for generating the receptor potential had not yet been studied. Characean cells have proved to be more amenable to the study of the electrophysiology of plant membranes because of their large cell size and the ease by which single cells can be isolated. Recent progress in studies of the receptor potential in characean cells is also discussed.
miR-155 induction is a marker of murine norovirus infection but does not contribute to control of replication in vivo

Background: Due to their role in fine-tuning cellular protein expression, microRNAs both promote viral replication and contribute to antiviral responses, for a range of viruses. The interactions between norovirus and the microRNA machinery have not yet been studied. Here, we investigated the changes that occur in microRNA expression during murine norovirus (MNV) infection. Methods: Using RT-qPCR-based arrays, we analysed changes in miRNA expression during infection with the acute strain MNV-1 in two permissive cell lines, a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and a murine microglial cell line, BV-2. By RT-qPCR, we further confirmed and analysed the changes in miR-155 expression in the infected cell lines, bone-marrow derived macrophage, and tissues harvested from mice infected with the persistent strain MNV-3. Using miR-155 knockout (KO) mice, we investigated whether loss of miR-155 affected viral replication and pathogenesis during persistent MNV-3 infection in vivo and monitored development of a serum IgG response by ELISA. Results: We identified cell-specific panels of miRNAs whose expression were increased or decreased during infection. Only two miRNAs, miR-687 and miR-155, were induced in both cell lines. miR-155, implicated in innate immunity, was also upregulated in bone-marrow derived macrophage and infected tissues. MNV-3 established a persistent infection in miR-155 knockout (KO) mice, with comparable levels of secreted virus and tissue replication observed as for wildtype mice. However, serum anti-MNV IgG levels were significantly reduced in miR-155 KO mice compared to wildtype mice. Conclusions: We have identified a panel of miRNAs whose expression changes with MNV infection. miR-155 induction is a marker of MNV infection in vitro and in vivo, however it does not contribute to the control of persistent infections in vivo. This finding suggests that the immune defects associated with miR-155 deletion, such as lower serum IgG levels, are also not important for control of persistent MNV-3 infection.
Risks, rewards, and the developing brain in childhood and adolescence.

Risks, Rewards, and the Developing Brain in Childhood and Adolescence Barbara R. Braams, Linda van Leijenhorst, Eveline A. Crone Leiden University Abstract Adolescence is a time of changes in physical, cognitive and social-emotional domains. Behaviorally one of the prominent features of adolescence is an increase in risktaking. In this chapter we review current theories and research to explain risk-taking behavior from a neural perspective. After a general introduction in section 1, we start in section 2 by laying out behavioral findings focusing on risk-taking, followed in section 3 by a description of current models of adolescent brain development that provide possible explanations for the observed risk-taking. In section 4 we describe neuroimaging research and how these findings map to the described models. Finally, in section 5 we propose new directions for future research.
Domain Specific MetaModeling for Deep Semantic Composability

Current simulation models are not only represented in the form of traditional data or formula for pure theory analysis but expanded to be simulation modeling assets that are featured with complicated structure, diverse behaviors, and abundant semantics. Semantic composability, therefore, receives a constantly growing attention in recent years. So far, one of the popular solutions to enhance semantic expressiveness is domain specific modeling based on general metamodeling (GMM) facilities. But for some particular domains, researchers identified the need of deeper semantic expressiveness therefore proposed domain specific metamodeling (DSMM). Hence, this paper aims to explore the underlying methodologies of DSMM for supporting deep semantic composability. Compared with several usual alternatives based on GMM, this paper applies the multi-level metamodeling architecture to create a set of metamodeling primitives using an example named SEvent. In fact, SEvent is a novel formalism that slightly extends Petri net to support continuous states transition and continuous event triggering. As a proof of concept, we concentrate on developing the textual syntax of SEvent and using it to represent torpedo’s behaviors.
Young Netherlands Twin Register (Y-NTR): A Longitudinal Multiple Informant Study of Problem Behavior

Abstract The Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) was established around 1987 at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The current article summarizes the longitudinal genetic analyses of maternal and paternal ratings of twins' behavior as a function of the sex of the children for the traits of aggression (AGG), attention problems (AP), anxious/depression (ANX), internalizing behavior (INT) and externalizing behavior (EXT). We found that genetic influences are the most important factor in explaining individual differences in these traits. For most phenotypes, influences of genetic factors fluctuate throughout development, with the exception of AP, for which genetic influences remain of similar magnitude. Changes in genetic influences parallel those in shared environmental influences, while nonshared environmental influences remain relatively constant. Around 10% to 20% of the variance is accounted for by parent-specific shared environment, which includes rater bias. For all phenotypes, stability throughout childhood is accounted for by genetic and shared environmental factors, while nonshared environmental influences are mainly age/measurement specific. About 15% of the phenotypic stability is accounted for by rater-specific shared environmental influences, which include rater bias. In conclusion, between ages 3 and 12 genetic factors are the most important cause of individual differences in emotional and behavioral problems.
Monitoring the Microgravity Environment Quality On-board the International Space Station Using Soft Computing Techniques. Part 2; Preliminary System Performance Results

ABSTRACT This paper presents the preliminary performance results of the artificial intelligence monitoring system in full operational mode using near real time acceleration data downlinked from the International Space Station. Preliminary microgravity environment characterization analysis result for the International Space Station (Increment-2), using the monitoring system is presented. Also, comparison between the system predicted performance based on ground test data for the U.S. laboratory “Destiny” module and actual on-orbit performance, using measured acceleration data from the U.S. laboratory module of the International Space station is presented. Finally, preliminary on-orbit disturbance magnitude levels are presented for the Experiment of Physics of Colloids in Space, which are compared with on ground test data. The ground test data for the Experiment of Physics of Colloids in Space were acquired from the Microgravity Emission Laboratory, located at the NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. The artificial intelligence was developed by the NASA Glenn Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project to help the principal investigator teams identify the primary vibratory disturbance sources that are active, at any moment of time, on-board the International Space Station, which might impact the microgravity environment their experiments are exposed to. From the Principal Investigator Microgravity Services’ web site, the principal investigator teams can monitor via a dynamic graphical display, implemented in Java, in near real time, which event (s) is /are on, such as crew activities, pumps, fans, centrifuges, compressor, crew exercise, structural modes, etc., and decide whether or not to run their experiments, whenever that is an option, based on the acceleration magnitude and frequency sensitivity associated with that experiment. This monitoring system detects primarily the vibratory disturbance sources. The system has built-in capability to detect both known and unknown vibratory disturbance sources. Several soft computing techniques such as Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Feature Map, Learning Vector Quantization, Back-Propagation Neural Networks, and Fuzzy Logic were used to design the system.
Interactive comment on “ Quantification of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in the conterminous United States combining a process-based biogeochemical model and MODIS and AmeriFlux data

Anonymous Referee #2 Received and published: 26 July 2011 General comments The authors conducted a comprehensive modeling study to quantify carbon dynamics of conterminous United States by coupling a process based biogeochemical model (TEM) and remote sensing (MODIS-EVI and LSWI) data. They used Ameriflux data to parameterize and evaluate the process model. The modified model (SAT-TEM) shows an improvement in estimates of net ecosystem exchange and gross primary productivity as compared to the previous model (TEM). Overall, the manuscript is well struc-