Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tackling Close Cousins: Experiences In Developing Statistical Machine Translation Systems For Marathi And Hindi

In this paper we present our experiences in building Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems for the Indian Language pair Marathi and Hindi, which are close cousins. We briefly point out the similarities and differences between the two languages, stressing on the phenomenon of Krudantas (Verb Groups) translation, which is something Rule based systems are not able to do well. Marathi, being a language with agglutinative suffix-es, poses a challenge due to lack of coverage of all word forms in the corpus; to remedy which, we explored Factored SMT, that incorporate linguistic analyses in a variety of ways. We evaluate our systems and through error analyses, show that even with small size corpora we can get substantial improvement of approximately 10-15% in translation quality, over the baseline, just by incorporating morphological analysis. We also indirectly evaluate our SMT systems by analysing and reporting the improvement in the quality of translations of a Marathi to Hindi Rule Based system (Sampark) by injecting SMT translations of Krudantas. We believe that our work will help researchers working with limited corpora on similar morphologically rich language pairs and relatable phenomena to develop quality MT systems.
Evidence and evidence gaps in tinnitus therapy

A nearly endless number of procedures has been tried and in particular sold for the treatment of tinnitus, unfortunately they have not been evaluated appropriately in an evidence-based way. A causal therapy, omitting the tinnitus still does not exist, actually it cannot exist because of the various mechanisms of its origin. However or perhaps because of that, medical interventions appear and reappear like fashion trends that can never be proven by stable and reliable treatment success. This contribution will discuss and acknowledge all current therapeutic procedures and the existing or non-existing evidence will be assessed. Beside external evidence, the term of evidence also encompasses the internal evidence, i.e. the experience of the treating physician and the patient’s needs shall be included. While there is no evidence for nearly all direct procedures that intend modulating or stimulating either the cochlea or specific cervical regions such as the auditory cortex, there are therapeutic procedures that are acknowledged in clinical practice and have achieved at least a certain degree of evidence and generate measurable effect sizes. Those are in particular habituation therapy and psychotherapeutic measures, especially if they are combined with concrete measures for improved audio perception (hearing aids, CI, hearing therapies).
Evolutional Design and Training Algorithm for Feedforward Neural Networks

In pattern recognition using neural networks, it is very difficult for researchers or users to design optimal neural network architecture for a specific task. It is possible for any kinds of neural network architectures to obtain a certain measure of recognition ratio. It is, however, difficult to get an optimal neural network architecture for a specific task analytically in the recognition ratio and effectiveness of training. In this paper, an evolutional method of training and designing feedforward neural networks is proposed. In the proposed method, a neural network is defined as one individual and neural networks whose architectures are same as one species. These networks are evaluated by normalized M.S.E. (Mean Square Error) which presents a performance of a network for training patterns. Then, their architectures evolve according to an evolution rule proposed here. Architectures of neural networks, in other words, species, are evaluated by another measurement of criteria compared with the criteria of individuals. The criteria assess the most superior individual in the species and the speed of evolution of the species. The species are increased or decreased in population size according to the criteria. The evolution rule generates a little bit different architectures of neural network from superior species. The proposed method, therefore, can generate variety of architectures of neural networks. The designing and training neural networks which performs simple 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 pixels which include vertical, horizontal and oblique lines classifications and Handwritten KATAKANA recognitions are presented. The efficiency of proposed method is also discussed. key words: designing neural networks, training neural networks, feedforward neural network, handwritten character recognition, evolutional computation
Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis: A Marker of Inflammation or Postmortem Artifact?

The aim of this paper is to reassess the significance of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Published articles of CSF changes after death were reviewed, and reanalysis, in the light of modern views on the significance of bacterial postmortem isolates, was undertaken. There is theoretical and experimental evidence that the blood brain barrier to the movement of protein and cells is preserved in the first few hours after death. The number of mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid does rise in the first 24 hours after death, and this is most probably due to detachment of leptomeningeal lining cells. But the marked increase in lymphocyte counts seen in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and in other deaths in the paediatric age range could well be a marker of inflammation.
Emotional Conception

This study assessed embodied simulation via electromyography (EMG) as participants first encoded emotionally ambiguous faces with emotion concepts (i.e., “angry,” “happy”) and later passively viewed the faces without the concepts. Memory for the faces was also measured. At initial encoding, participants displayed more smiling-related EMG activity in response to faces paired with “happy” than in response to faces paired with “angry. ” Later, in the absence of concepts, participants remembered happiness-encoded faces as happier than anger-encoded faces. Further, during passive reexposure to the ambiguous faces, participants' EMG indicated spontaneous emotion-specific mimicry, which in turn predicted memory bias. No specific EMG activity was observed when participants encoded or viewed faces with non-emotion-related valenced concepts, or when participants encoded or viewed Chinese ideographs. From an embodiment perspective, emotion simulation is a measure of what is currently perceived. Thus, these findings provide evidence of genuine concept-driven changes in emotion perception. More generally, the findings highlight embodiment's role in the representation and processing of emotional information.
Learnable Crawling : An Efficient Approach to Topic-specific Web Resource Discovery

The rapid growth of the Internet has put us into trouble when we need to find information in such a large network of databases. At present, using topic-specific web crawler becomes a way to seek the needed information. The main characteristic of a topic-specific web crawler is to select and retrieve only relevant web pages in each crawling process. There are many previous researches focusing on the topic-specific web crawling. However, no one has ever mentioned about how the crawler does during the next crawlings. In this paper, we present an algorithm that covers the detail of both the first and the next crawlings. For efficient result of the next crawling, we keep the log of previous crawling to build some knowledge bases: seed URLs, topic keywords and URL prediction. These knowledge bases are used to build the experience of the topic-specific web crawler to produce the result of the next crawling in a more efficient way.
Development strategies of an intelligent human-machine interface for next generation nuclear power plants

An intelligent human-machine interface (HMI) has been developed to enhance the safety and availability of a nuclear power plant (NPP) by improving operational reliability. The key elements of the proposed HMI are the large display panels that present synopsis of the plant status and the compact, digital workstations for monitoring, control, and protection functions: The workstation consists of four consoles such as a dynamic alarm console (DAC), a system information console (SIC), a computerized operating-procedure console (COC), and a safety-related information console (SRIC). The DAC provides clean alarm pictures in which information overlapping is excluded and alarm impacts are discriminated for quick situation awareness. The SIC supports a normal operation by offering all necessary system information and control functions. In addition, it is closely linked to automatically display the related system information according to situations of the DAC and the COC. The COC aids the operator with proper emergency operation guidelines so as to shutdown the plant safely, and it also reduces his physical/mental burden by tracing the operating procedures automatically. The SRIC continuously displays safety-related information so that the operator can assess the plant status focusing on plant safety. The proposed HMI has been validated and demonstrated using the full-scope simulator for Yonggwang Units 1, 2. From the demonstration results, it can be concluded that the HMI enables the operator to terminate or mitigate plant disturbances early. After sufficient validation, the characteristic design features of the proposed HMI will be reflected in the main control room for the Korean next generation NPP's.
Pitch parameters for pr A preliminary comparison o

The search for objective paradigms for establishing prosodic typologies among languages is a major challenge for speech science. Recent work in the area of speech rhythm has shown that an appropriate choice of parameters can provide revealing evidence for traditional typological classifications. In the area of pitch there has been less activity. This paper presents a preliminary comparison of pitch parameters for English and French continuous passages from the multilingual corpus Eurom1. Pitch targets derived from the F0 curves obtained from the recordings using the Momel algorithm were compared without taking into account their distribution with respect to phonological, lexical or syntactic constituents. Despite this, the parameters analysed using both discriminant and regression tree analysis gave over 80% correct discrimination between the two languages and pointed to the characteristics of falling pitch movements as being particularly distinctive.
Design of a Performance Measurement System in a RTO

Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) are knowledge-intensive firms. They tend to rely mainly on their employees and their individual competencies (codified or non-codified), the networks and communities they are involved in as well as the structural resources of the organization itself. These resources, mainly of intangible nature, are expected to play an important role on the innovation capabilities of RTOs, but tend to be neglected in the traditional performance reporting and management systems. The main motivation for this research is to foster the
Toxicants target cell junctions in the testis: Insights from the indazole-carboxylic acid model

There are numerous types of junctions in the seminiferous epithelium which are integrated with, and critically dependent on the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton. These include the basal tight junctions between Sertoli cells that form the main component of the blood–testis barrier, the basal ectoplasmic specializations (basal ES) and basal tubulobulbar complexes (basal TBC) between Sertoli cells; as well as apical ES and apical TBC between Sertoli cells and the developing spermatids that orchestrate spermiogenesis and spermiation. These junctions, namely TJ, ES, and TBC interact with actin microfilament-based cytoskeleton, which together with the desmosomal junctions that interact with the intermediate filament-based cytoskeleton plus the highly polarized microtubule-based cytoskeleton are working in concert to move spermatocytes and spermatids between the basal and luminal aspect of the seminiferous epithelium. In short, these various junctions are structurally complexed with the actin- and microtubule-based cytoskeleton or intermediate filaments of the Sertoli cell. Studies have shown toxicants (e.g., cadmium, bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), phthalates, and glycerol), and some male contraceptives under development (e.g., adjudin, gamendazole), exert their effects, at least in part, by targeting cell junctions in the testis. The disruption of Sertoli–Sertoli cell and Sertoli–germ cell junctions, results in the loss of germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium. Adjudin, a potential male contraceptive under investigation in our laboratory, produces loss of spermatids from the seminiferous tubules through disruption of the Sertoli cell spermatid junctions and disruption of the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton. The molecular and structural changes associated with adjudin administration are described, to provide an example of the profile of changes caused by disturbance of Sertoli-germ cell and also Sertoli cell-cell junctions.
An Extended Study on Training and Physical Exercise in Esports

This chapter is an extended revision of the authors' earlier study (2016) on the training routines of professional and high-level esport players, with added focus on their physical exercise. The study is methodologically mixed with a quantitative survey sample (n=115) and a qualitative interview sample (n=7). Based on this data, high-level esport players train approximately 5.28 hours every day around the year, and professional esport players at least the same amount. Approximately 1.08 hours of that training is physical exercise. More than half (55.6%) of the professional and high-level esport players believe that integrating physical exercise into their training programs has a positive effect on esport performance; however, no less than 47.0% do the physical exercise chiefly to maintain their overall state of health. Accordingly, the study indicates that professional and high-level esport players are physically active as well: those of age 18 and older exercising more than three times the daily 21-minute physical activity recommendation given by the World Health Organization.
Presynaptic Mechanism for Phorbol Ester-Induced Synaptic Potentiation

Phorbol ester facilitates transmitter release at a variety of synapses, and the phorbol ester-induced synaptic potentiation (PESP) is a model for presynaptic facilitation. To address the mechanism underlying PESP, we have made paired whole-cell recordings from the giant presynaptic terminal, the calyx of Held, and its postsynaptic target in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in rat brainstem slices. Phorbol ester potentiated EPSCs without affecting either presynaptic calcium currents or potassium currents. Protein kinase C inhibitors applied from outside or injected directly into the presynaptic terminal attenuated the PESP. Furthermore, presynaptic loading of a synthetic peptide with the sequence of the N-terminal domain of Doc2α interacting with Munc13–1 (Mid peptide) significantly attenuated PESP, whereas mutated Mid peptide had no effect. We conclude that the target of the presynaptic facilitatory effect of phorbol ester resides downstream of calcium influx and may involve both protein kinase C and Doc2α - Munc13–1 interaction.
Modulation of angiotensin II-mediated signalling by heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans.

BACKGROUND Heparin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can be used as a therapeutic option in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although the mode of action is poorly understood, both agents may retard the progression of DN. Previously, we demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) has an inhibitory effect on the production of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) in mesangial cells (MCs). We have now studied the influence of heparin on the Ang II-induced intracellular Ca(2+) release and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). METHODS Human MCs were isolated from renal cortex and cultivated to measure Ca(2+) influx and NF-kappaB activation. RESULTS Stimulation of MCs with 100 nM Ang II resulted in a rapid increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), followed by a decline to baseline level. The addition of heparin resulted in an oscillatory pattern of Ca(2+) influxes upon Ang II stimulation. Whereas the rapid increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was most likely due to release from intracellular stores, oscillations in [Ca(2+)](i) were dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca(2+). Heparin alone did not induce Ca(2+) influx. Both the initial increase and the subsequent oscillations in [Ca(2+)](i) could be blocked by losartan. In MCs with chemically or enzymatically altered membrane-associated heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (HS-GAG), Ang II stimulation resulted in [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations. Interestingly, in these cells, the addition of heparin or GAG completely prevented [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations. Heparin inhibited NF-kappaB activation in Ang II-stimulated MCs that expressed either normal or chemically altered GAG. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alterations in HS-GAG chemistry or metabolism under pathological conditions, such as DN, may have direct functional consequences for the local effect of Ang II.
Cardiovascular disease prediction system using genetic algorithm and neural network

Medical Diagnosis Systems play a vital role in medical practice and are used by medical practitioners for diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a medical diagnosis system is presented for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. This system is built by combining the relative advantages of genetic algorithm and neural network. Multilayered feed forward neural networks are particularly suited to complex classification problems. The weights of the neural network are determined using genetic algorithm because it finds acceptably good set of weights in less number of iterations. The dataset provided by University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository is used for training and testing. It consists of 303 instances of heart disease data each having 14 attributes including the class label. First, the dataset is preprocessed in order to make them suitable for training. Genetic based neural network is used for training the system. The final weights of the neural network are stored in the weight base and are used for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. The classification accuracy obtained using this approach is 94.17%.
Multiresolution surface representation using combinatorial maps

–Multiresolution surfaces are traditionally represented by data structures based on quadtrees which are derived directly from the subdivision operations. However, these data structures suffer from a number of drawbacks. First of all, they are restricted to triangular or quadrilateral grids and must be developed specifically for each mesh type separately. Moreover, the time complexity of adjacency query is not optimal. In this paper, we present a data structure for representing multiresolution meshes. This data structure extends the n dimensional generalized maps. Given a 3D mesh, the proposed data structure is defined as a hierarchy of nested 2 dimensional maps, i.e. each level of details of the mesh is defined as a separate 2 dimensional map. This inherits the generality and effectiveness of the original n map data structure. Additionally, we define, based on the multiresolution 2-map, the dual multiresolution representation which allows the topological description of the traditional mesh operations. The multiresolution 2-map enables the representation of arbitrary meshes and support the adaptivity and efficiency of the adjacency operators. We apply the proposed framework to the representation of progressive meshes.
Automated Evaluation of Coherence in Student Essays

This paper explores the role of Centering Theory, in particular Rough-Shift identification, in locating abrupt topic shifts in student essays. Rough-Shifts within student paragraphs are generated by short-lived topics and are therefore indicative of poor topic development. We develop a Rough-Shift-based metric of incoherence to represent a coherence criterion in essay evaluation. We show that adding this metric to an existing system for automated writing evaluation, ETS’s e-rater, improves its performance significantly, better approximating human scores and providing the capability for valuable instructional feedback to the student.
Fast Singular Value Projection for Low-Rank Matrix Completion

Matrix completion problem aims to recover a low-rank matrix from a sampling of its entries. Singular value projection (SVP) is a projected gradient descent method, which iteratively makes an orthogonal projection onto a set of low-rank matrices. In this paper, we propose a more efficient SVP by applying the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for principal component analysis (PCA). EM for PCA is an alternating minimization approach for finding the principal subspace. With warm starts, the projection process can be computed efficiently. Under the sparse plus low-rank structure, we show that EM for PCA can be implemented with the complexity in the order linear to the number of observed entries. Another important problem is how to determine the rank of the matrix. We thus propose an empirically approach based on the edge distribution (ED) algorithm to estimate the rank. An imputation method is used in ED to enhance its applicability for matrix completion problem. Numerical experiments show that our method is promising for a wide range of problems.
Corticosterone manipulation reveals differences in hierarchical organization of multidimensional reproductive trade‐offs in r‐strategist and K‐strategist females

Life history trade‐offs are often hierarchical with decisions at one level affecting lower level trade‐offs. We investigated trade‐off structure in female side‐blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana), which exhibit two evolved strategies: yellow‐throated females are K‐strategists and orange‐throated are r‐strategists. Corticosterone treatment was predicted to differentially organize these females’ reproductive decisions. Corticosterone‐treated yellow females suppressed reproduction but survived well, and augmented egg mass without decreasing clutch size. Conversely, corticosterone enhanced mortality and reproductive rates in orange females, and increased egg mass only after lengthy exposure. Corticosterone did not affect post‐laying condition, suggesting that corticosterone increased egg mass through enhanced energy acquisition (income breeding). Corticosterone enhanced survival of lightweight females, but decreased survival of heavy females, introducing a foraging vs. predation trade‐off. We conclude that rather than being a direct, functional relationship, observed trade‐offs between offspring size and number represent evolved differences in hierarchical organization of multidimensional trade‐offs, particularly in response to stress.
A Macroeconomic Theory of Optimal Unemployment Insurance

We develop a theory of optimal unemployment insurance (UI) that accounts for workers’ job-search behavior and firms’ hiring behavior. The optimal replacement rate of UI is the conventional Baily [1978]-Chetty [2006a] rate, which solves the trade-off between insurance and job-search incentives, plus a correction term, which is positive when UI brings the labor market tightness closer to efficiency. For instance, when tightness is inefficiently low, optimal UI is more generous than the Baily-Chetty rate if UI raises tightness and less generous if UI lowers tightness. We propose empirical criteria to determine whether tightness is inefficiently high or low and whether UI raises or lowers tightness. The theory has implications for the cyclicality of optimal UI.