Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial Action Units Recognition Based on Fuzzy Kernel Clustering

Facial action units (AUs) recognition is a challenging problem with many applications and is rapidly becoming an area of intense interest in research field of machine vision. Nonadditive AU combinations in which the appearance of the constituent AUs does change greatly increase the difficulties of AU recognition. Most AUs recognition methods treated each AU combination as a new AU. However, these methods are impractical because there are over 7000 different AU combinations. In this paper, a novel approach based on fuzzy kernel clustering is proposed to recognize AUs and AU combinations. Instead of treating each AU combination as a new AU, the proposed approach tackles AU combinations recognition by allowing each data point belongs to each AU class to a degree specified by a membership grade. The experiments show that the proposed approach is computationally simple, easy to implement. Furthermore, Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm generates higher accuracy for the Cohn-Kanade database and achieves better performance than the previous AUs recognition based on ANN.
Imbalanced Multiple Noisy Labeling for Supervised Learning

When labeling objects via Internet-based outsourcing systems, the labelers may have bias, because they lack expertise, dedication and personal preference. These reasons cause Imbalanced Multiple Noisy Labeling. To deal with the imbalance labeling issue, we propose an agnostic algorithm PLAT (Positive LAbel frequency Threshold) which does not need any information about quality of labelers and underlying class distribution. Simulations on eight real-world datasets with different underlying class distributions demonstrate that PLAT not only effectively deals with the imbalanced multiple noisy labeling problem that off-the-shelf agnostic methods cannot cope with, but also performs nearly the same as majority voting under the circumstances that labelers have no bias.
On High Dimensional Data Spaces

Data mining applications usually encounter high dimensional data spaces. Most of these dimensions contain ‘uninteresting’ data, which would not only be of little value in terms of discovery of any rules or patterns, but have been shown to mislead some classification algorithms. Since, the computational effort increases very significantly (usually exponentially) in the presence of a large number of attributes, it is highly desirable that all irrelevant attributes be weeded out at an early stage. Often, patterns of interest are embedded in lower dimensional subspaces of data. If the data space S has k attributes G {al, a2.a~), then a n-dimensional subspace s. of the data space S can be formed by selecting a combination of n attributes from the set {al,az.ak), where n < k. It is usual to tackle this problem by getting some attributes and subspaces identified by the user (or domain experts). For even moderately large number of attributes, the number of possible subspaces is so large, that it is quite unlikely that the ‘experts’ would be able to identify all the ‘interesting’ subspaces.
Quantized multichannel magnetotransport through a barrier in two dimensions.

Des mesures de magnetoresistance d'une heterojonction Al x Ga 1-x As/GaAs, avec une grille couvrant une petite region de l'echantillon, ont revele des valeurs quantifiees pour certaines gammes de tension de la grille; celles-ci sont explicables en termes de formules de resistance de Landauer. La quantification intervient quand les detecteurs de tension sont situes dans une region de flux de courant sous dissipation, la ou l'effet quantique de Hall fournit une realisation physique de conducteurs ideaux. Les mesures distinguent differentes generalisations de multicanaux des formules de Landauer
Cisplatin based chemotherapy in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma refractory to I131 treatment

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of cisplatin based chemotherapy in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine (I131). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 20 patients with advanced thyroid cancer treated with cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 on day 1, doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 day 1 and cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 day 1 of a 21 days cycle community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or the same regimens without cyclophosphamide adriamycin and Platinum (AP). Results: Median age of patients was 65 years (range 54-80). The majority of patients had lung metastases (60%). 4 (20%) patients achieved a partial response. Stable disease was achieved in 6 (30%) patients. Overall clinical response was 50%. Mean follow-up time was 8 months (range 4-17). Mean progression free survival was 6 months (range 3-12). Mean overall survival was 9 months (range 4-17). Patients with partial remission had a mean time to disease progression of 9 months. 4 (20%) patients had Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. One patient had febrile neutropenia. Mild neuropathy was recorded in 5 (25%) of patients. There were no treatment related deaths. Conclusion: The combination of CAP is active in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with tolerable toxicity. This regimen may still be used in patients who could not be treated with targeted therapy or combined with antiangiogenic drugs in future studies.
Prediction of Human Driving Behavior Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

This paper presents a method of predicting future human driving behavior under the condition that its resultant behavior and past observations are given. The proposed method makes use of a dynamic Bayesian network and the junction tree algorithm for probabilistic inference. The method is applied to behavior prediction for a vehicle assumed to stop at an intersection. Such a predictive system would facilitate warning and assistance to prevent dangerous activities, such as red-light violations, by allowing detection of a deviation from normal behavior.
Safety of Hymenoptera venom rush immunotherapy

We studied 97 consecutive patients who had received Hymenoptera venom rush immunotherapy in our department. There were 53 males and 44 females, whose mean age was 46 years (8–74 years). Most study patients had experienced severe anaphylaxis induced by a Hymenoptera sting: the reaction was Müller stage IV in 48 patients. Skin tests were positive for Vespula venom in 85 cases, Polistes venom in 23, and bee venom in 23. Radioallergosorbent test values exceeded 0.70 kIU/1 in 60 cases. Immunotherapy was performed with Vespula venom alone in 73 cases, bee venom alone in five cases, and both Vespula and bee venom in 19 cases. A cutaneous reaction was seen at the injection site in most patients. Four patients also had skin manifestations in areas remote from the injection site. Blood pressure elevation was seen in 11 patients, moderate hypotension in two, rhinitis in one, asthenia or headache in seven, visual disorders and vertigo in two, and transient dyspnea in two. Our protocol has proved very safe, epinephrine never being required in the 97 reported cases.
A comparison of Warner-Bratzler shear force assessment within and among institutions.

Our objective was to compare measurement of Warner-Bratzler shear force of beef longissimus within and among institutions when each institution used its own protocol and when all institutions used a standardized protocol. In Exp. 1, each of five institutions (A, B, C, D, and E) received two adjacent steaks from each of 27 beef strip loins (longissimus lumborum). Warner-Bratzler shear force was measured for both steaks using the procedures normally used at each institution. In Exp. 2, each institution received two adjacent steaks from each of 45 strip loins. Shear force was measured for both steaks using a standardized protocol. In Exp. 1, Warner-Bratzler shear force was highest (P < .05) for A (4.7 kg) and lowest (P < .05) for B (2.9 kg). Repeatability of shear force was highest for A and C (.73 and .72), intermediate for D (.63), and lowest for B and E (.39 and .44). In Exp. 2, Warner-Bratzler shear force was highest (P < .05) for A (5.1 kg) and lowest (P < .05) for E (3.7 kg). Repeatability of shear force was highest for A (.87), intermediate for B, D, and E (.81, .75, and .80), and lowest for C (.67). Shear force values differed within and among institutions due to protocol, execution of the protocol, and instrument variation. Thus, comparisons of Warner-Bratzler shear force data among institutions are currently not valid. However, it is possible for institutions to obtain the same mean shear force value and have high repeatability if a standard protocol is properly executed with calibrated equipment.
Intralesional 5‐Fluorouracil as a Treatment Modality of Keloids

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of keloids of any duration or size. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, uncontrolled trial. Twenty-eight consecutive patients with keloids of varying size and duration were included in the study. All the patients were given intralesional 5-FU at weekly intervals for 12 weeks, and follow-up was done at 24 weeks. Improvement was assessed on a scale of five points, and the side-effects experienced were noted at each visit. RESULTS The improvement was more than 50% in the majority of the patients, with no patient showing failure to therapy. The side effects commonly encountered were pain at the injection site, ulceration, and burning sensation. There was no recurrence of symptoms or the lesion during the follow-up period of 24 weeks in any of the patients. CONCLUSION The efficacy of 5-FU is comparable to other singly used modalities as a treatment option for keloids. The lack of any serious side effects and the evidence of recurrence at 24 weeks of follow-up make this a promising modality.
Design of networked polynomial control systems with random delays: sum of squares approach

This paper studies the problem of networked polynomial state feedback control using the sum of square (SOS) approach considering network-induced varying delay. The stabilisation conditions are achieved based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory. The proposed control approach is based on the SOS decomposition numerical method which applies a control input to stabilise the networked control system states. Finally, numerical simulation is done to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Face recognition using artificial neural network group-based adaptive tolerance (GAT) trees

Recent artificial neural network research has focused on simple models, but such models have not been very successful in describing complex systems (such as face recognition). This paper introduces the artificial neural network group-based adaptive tolerance (GAT) tree model for translation-invariant face recognition, suitable for use in an airport security system. GAT trees use a two-stage divide-and-conquer tree-type approach. The first stage determines general properties of the input, such as whether the facial image contains glasses or a beard. The second stage identifies the individual. Face perception classification, detection of front faces with glasses and/or beards, and face recognition results using GAT trees under laboratory conditions are presented. We conclude that the neural network group-based model offers significant improvement over conventional neural network trees for this task.
Pronation–supination torque and associated electromyographic activity varies during a sustained elbow flexor contraction but does not influence the time to task failure

In this study we measured the pronation–supination torque, flexion force, and electromyographic activity in elbow flexor muscles during an isometric contraction in which a submaximal elbow flexion force was kept constant for as long as possible. Ten subjects performed the contraction at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until failure. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the long and short heads of biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and triceps brachii was recorded with surface and intramuscular electrodes. The mean time to failure was 8.2 ± 6.2 min. The fluctuations in flexion force and pronation–supination torque were correlated (r range = 0.68–0.92), and subjects exhibited a range of pronation–torque profiles that were not associated with the time to failure. Knowing the influence of concurrent actions about the pronation–supination axis during a submaximal fatiguing contraction with the elbow flexor muscles has implications for the design of workstations in ergonomic settings and in the prescription of activities for rehabilitation programs. Muscle Nerve 40: 231–239, 2009
Is Ultrasound Guidance Advantageous for Interventional Pain Management? A Review of Acute Pain Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) guidance for peripheral nerve blockade has gained popularity worldwide. The reported benefits of real-time sonographic visualization compared with traditional nerve localization techniques generally apply to procedural and technical block-related outcomes whereas acute pain–related outcomes are featured less prominently. In this review, we evaluated the effect of US guidance compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for interventional management of acute pain and acute pain–related outcomes. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (from January 1990 to January 2011) to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of US guidance on acute pain and related outcomes compared with traditional nerve localization techniques. Studies were excluded if they did not report at least one of the following acute pain outcomes: pain severity, opioid consumption, sensory block duration, and time to first analgesic request. Related outcomes were classified as follows: patient related (opioid-related adverse effects, patient satisfaction, postoperative cognitive deficit); anesthesia related (unwanted motor block, perineural catheter failure, morbidity, development of chronic pain); surgery related (hospital readmission, ability to ambulate); and hospital related (length of stay, cost). Promising novel applications of US guidance for acute pain management were also sought for discussion purposes. RESULTS: We identified 23 randomized controlled trials, including 1674 patients, that compared US guidance with and without peripheral nerve stimulation with peripheral nerve stimulation alone or anatomical landmark techniques. Of the 16 studies that evaluated pain severity, 8 reported improvement with US guidance; however, only 1 study reported a difference between US guidance and the comparator of >1 interval on the numeric rating pain scale. Eight studies evaluated sensory block duration and 3 of these reported prolonged block duration with US guidance. Seven studies evaluated opioid consumption, of which 3 reported a reduction with US guidance. Three studies evaluated time to first analgesic request, of which 2 favored US guidance. We uncovered no significant differences between US guidance and traditional nerve localization techniques for any other related outcome. US guidance was not found to be inferior compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for any outcome. Nonrandomized data suggest that US-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks may offer analgesic benefit over standard analgesic therapy, but has not been compared with an anatomical landmark technique. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is insufficient evidence in the contemporary literature to define the effect of US guidance on acute pain and related outcomes compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for interventional acute pain management.
Chronic recruitment of primary afferent neurons by microstimulation in the feline dorsal root ganglia

Objective. This study describes results of primary afferent neural microstimulation experiments using microelectrode arrays implanted chronically in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of four cats. The goal was to test the stability and selectivity of these microelectrode arrays as a potential interface for restoration of somatosensory feedback after damage to the nervous system such as amputation. Approach. A five-contact nerve-cuff electrode implanted on the sciatic nerve was used to record the antidromic compound action potential response to DRG microstimulation (2–15 µA biphasic pulses, 200 µs cathodal pulse width), and the threshold for eliciting a response was tracked over time. Recorded responses were segregated based on conduction velocity to determine thresholds for recruiting Group I and Group II/Aβ primary afferent fibers. Main results. Thresholds were initially low (5.1 ± 2.3 µA for Group I and 6.3 ± 2.0 µA for Group II/Aβ) and increased over time. Additionally the number of electrodes with thresholds less than or equal to 15 µA decreased over time. Approximately 12% of tested electrodes continued to elicit responses at 15 µA up to 26 weeks after implantation. Higher stimulation intensities (up to 30 µA) were tested in one cat at 23 weeks post-implantation yielding responses on over 20 additional electrodes. Within the first six weeks after implantation, approximately equal numbers of electrodes elicited only Group I or Group II/Aβ responses at threshold, but the relative proportion of Group II/Aβ responses decreased over time. Significance. These results suggest that it is possible to activate Group I or Group II/Aβ primary afferent fibers in isolation with penetrating microelectrode arrays implanted in the DRG, and that those responses can be elicited up to 26 weeks after implantation, although it may be difficult to achieve a consistent response day-to-day with currently available electrode technology. The DRG are compelling targets for sensory neuroprostheses with potential to achieve recruitment of a range of sensory fiber types over multiple months after implantation.
Antenna-coupled TES bolometers for the Keck array, Spider, and Polar-1

Between the BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments, we have deployed over 1500 dual polarized antenna coupled bolometers to map the Cosmic Microwave Background’s polarization. We have been able to rapidly deploy these detectors because they are completely planar with an integrated phased-array antenna. Through our experience in these experiments, we have learned of several challenges with this technology- specifically the beam synthesis in the antenna- and in this paper we report on how we have modified our designs to mitigate these challenges. In particular, we discus differential steering errors between the polarization pairs’ beam centroids due to microstrip cross talk and gradients of penetration depth in the niobium thin films of our millimeter wave circuits. We also discuss how we have suppressed side lobe response with a Gaussian taper of our antenna illumination pattern. These improvements will be used in Spider, Polar-1, and this season’s retrofit of Keck Array.
A Celebration of the Mathematical Legacy of Raoul Bott

A five-day conference celebrating the legacy of Raoul Bott was held at the CRM on June 9-13, 2008. The conference focused on the extraordinary impact Bott had on both topology and interactions between mathematics, physics and technology. The conference was co-organized by the Clay Mathematics Institute and had support from the National Science Foundation (Award 0805925). Montreal was a natural venue for such an event since Raoul Bott obtained two degrees in electrical engineering at McGill University in the 1940s and an honorary doctorate from McGill in 1987. The fact that Bott's presence is still fresh in the minds of all those involved made for a tremendous amount of enthusiasm and every attempt has been made to channel this energy into this book. The contributions to this book come from three generations of Bott's students, coauthors, and fellow kindred spirits in order to cover six decades of Bott's research, identify his enduring mathematical legacy and the consequences for emerging fields. The contributions can be read independently. In order to help a whole to emerge from the parts, the book is broken into four sections and to make the book accessible to a wide audience, each section starts with easier-to-read reminiscences and works its way into more involved papers. Titles in this series are co-published with the Centre de Recherches Mathematiques. (CRMP/50).
Expression profiling based on graph-clustering approach to determine colon cancer pathway.

CONTEXT Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. DNA microarray-based technologies allow simultaneous analysis of expression of thousands of genes. AIM To search for important molecular markers and pathways that hold great promise for further treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we performed a comprehensive gene-level assessment of colorectal cancer using 35 colorectal cancer and 24 normal samples. RESULTS It was shown that AURKA, MT1G, and AKAP12 had a high degree of response in colorectal cancer. Besides, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanism within these different genes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated calcium signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway were the two significant pathways, giving hope to provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic targets and pathways.
Applied Research for Equidistant Positioning of D Value in Progressive Scoring Equation

Let the D value in a reasonable position can make the application of progressive scoring equation more rationally. In this research, D is set on the basis of 0.5s spacing, and then the new progressive scoring equation is Y=0.909D2+48.86, this result shows that new progressive scoring equation can control less than 6.7% students who may fail the examination, the score range of 60 ~ 100 is eight points wider than traditional progressive scoring equation. Only in this way can we let more students got high score, and control less than 6.7% students who may fail the exam, this method can not only conform to scoring rules for ordinary students, but also make the score more logically and enhance the students' enthusiasm of learning.
Reducing stress in patients having cardiac catheterization.

Cardiac catheterization and coronary cineangiography are stressful procedures for most patients. Fear because the heart is involved, fear of the unknown, and the possibility that the catheterization results will indicate a need for cardiac surgery are obvious sources of psychological stress for patients about to undergo these diagnostic procedures. Another source of stress may be from a discussion of potential complications. The following possible complications are usually mentioned to patients prior to the procedure-cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, thromboses, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, excessive bleeding, hypotension, infection, loss of a limb, and allergic reactions to the dye. Although serious complications are
A new method for fuzzy hidden Markov models in speech recognition

Thispaperproposes a Ftuzzi approach tothe Hidden Markov Model(HMM). This method called the fizzy HMMfbrspeech andspeaker recognition asan application offizzy expectation maximizing algorithm inHMM.Thefitzzy HMM algorithm isregar-ded asan application of'the,fizzy expectation-maximization (EM)algorithm totheBatum-Welch algorithm inthe HMM. TheTexas Instruments p4uised speech and speaker recognition experiments andshowbetter results fbr.fiuzzv HMMscompared withconventional HMMs.Equation andhowestimation ofdiscrete and continuious HMM parameters on basedthistwo algorithm isexplained andperfbrmance oftwospeech recognition methodtbronehundred issurveved. This papershowbetter results forthefiuzzy HMVM, compared with theconventional HMM.