Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas emissions from the grassy outdoor run of organic broilers

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes over the grassy outdoor run of organically grown broilers were monitored using static chambers over two production batches in contrasted seasons. Measured N2O and CH4 fluxes were extremely variable in time and space for both batches, with fluxes ranging from a small uptake by soil to large emissions peaks, the latter of which always occurred in the chambers located closest to the broiler house. In general, fluxes decreased with increasing distance to the broiler house, demonstrating that the foraging of broilers and the amount of excreted nutrients (carbon, nitrogen) largely control the spatial variability of emissions. Spatial integration by kriging methods was carried out to provide representative fluxes on the outdoor run for each measurement day. Mechanistic relationships between plot-scale estimates and environmental conditions (soil temperature and water content) were calibrated in order to fill gaps between measurement days. Flux integration over the year 2010 showed that around 3 ± 1 kg N2O-N ha−1 were emitted on the outdoor run, equivalent to 0.9% of outdoor N excretion and substantially lower than the IPCC default emission factor of 2%. By contrast, the outdoor run was found to be a net CH4 sink of about −0.56 kg CH4-C ha−1, though this sink compensated less than 1.5% (in CO2 equivalents) of N2O emissions. The net greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of the outdoor run is explored, based on measured GHG fluxes and short-term (1.5 yr) variations in soil organic carbon.
Asymmetric Information and Price Discovery in the FX Market: Does Tokyo Know More About the Yen?

We identify a period in the foreign exchange market when there is a high concentration of informed yen/dollar traders active in Tokyo. We exploit the data during this period to test implications of market-microstructure theory. Comparing the period of informed trader clustering to a similar period without the informed, we find the following results: 1. Exchange rate quotes adjust to full-information levels six times faster when the informed are active than when they are not. 2. Japanese quotes tend to lead the rest of the market when the informed are active. At other times, two-way causality is observed in quotes. 3. The contribution of Japanese quotes to yen/dollar price discovery relative to quotes of the rest-of-the-world is 5 to 12 percentage points higher when the informed are active compared to when they are absent. These results are consistent with a view of the foreign exchange market where private information is at times quite important, yet "normal" times are characterized as periods where public information, shared equally by all, results in a high contemporaneous correlation across quotes, regardless of origin.
Inhibition of PDE3B augments PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PURPOSE cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 is a family of enzymes the inhibition of which induces chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) apoptosis. However, leukemic cells from a subset of CLL patients are relatively resistant to treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, particularly when this drug is used in the absence of an adenylate cyclase stimulus such as forskolin. Elevated cAMP levels induce compensatory up-regulation of several cyclic nucleotide PDE families in other model systems. We here examine the hypothesis that CLL cells that survive treatment with rolipram do so as a result of residual PDE activity that is not inhibited by this drug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined by Western analysis the effect of rolipram treatment on CLL expression of PDE3B, PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4D, and PDE7A. We also examined the ability of rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) or cilostamide (PDE3 inhibitor), alone or together, to induce apoptosis or elevate cyclic AMP in leukemic cells from patients with CLL. RESULTS Rolipram increased levels of PDE4B and, to a variable extent, PDE4D. When combined with forskolin, rolipram also increased levels of a second family of PDEs, PDE3B. Addition of the specific PDE3 inhibitor, cilostamide, modestly augmented rolipram-induced apoptosis in five of seven "rolipram-resistant" CLL samples. CONCLUSIONS Although this work confirms that PDE4 appears to be the most important PDE target for induction of apoptosis in CLL, combination therapy with PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors or use of dual-selective drugs may be of benefit in a subset of relatively PDE4-inhibitor resistant CLL patients.
RevMatch: An efficient and robust decision model for collaborative malware detection

This work falls in the area of collaborative malware detection systems which rely on expertise and knowledge from multiple different antivirus software for malware detection. A critical component of such systems is the collaborative malware detection decision process. In this paper, we propose a novel decision model, RevMatch, where collaborative malware decisions are made based on labeled malware detection history from participating antiviruses. We evaluate our proposal using real-world malware data sets and demonstrate that collaborative malware detection techniques can improve the malware detection accuracy compared to using a single albeit the best antivirus. Moreover, we demonstrate how RevMatch outperforms all other existing collaborative decision models in terms of detection accuracy while being computationally efficient and robust against various malicious insider attacks.
Impaired Dendritic Development and Memory in Sorbs2 Knock-Out Mice

Intellectual disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. Both environmental insults and genetic defects contribute to the etiology of intellectual disability. Copy number variations of SORBS2 have been linked to intellectual disability. However, the neurobiological function of SORBS2 in the brain is unknown. The SORBS2 gene encodes ArgBP2 (Arg/c-Abl kinase binding protein 2) protein in non-neuronal tissues and is alternatively spliced in the brain to encode nArgBP2 protein. We found nArgBP2 colocalized with F-actin at dendritic spines and growth cones in cultured hippocampal neurons. In the mouse brain, nArgBP2 was highly expressed in the cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, and enriched in the outer one-third of the molecular layer in dentate gyrus. Genetic deletion of Sorbs2 in mice led to reduced dendritic complexity and decreased frequency of AMPAR-miniature spontaneous EPSCs in dentate gyrus granule cells. Behavioral characterization revealed that Sorbs2 deletion led to a reduced acoustic startle response, and defective long-term object recognition memory and contextual fear memory. Together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an important role for nArgBP2 in neuronal dendritic development and excitatory synaptic transmission, which may thus inform exploration of neurobiological basis of SORBS2 deficiency in intellectual disability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Copy number variations of the SORBS2 gene are linked to intellectual disability, but the neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. We found that nArgBP2, the only neuronal isoform encoded by SORBS2, colocalizes with F-actin at neuronal dendritic growth cones and spines. nArgBP2 is highly expressed in the cortex, amygdala, and dentate gyrus in the mouse brain. Genetic deletion of Sorbs2 in mice leads to impaired dendritic complexity and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission in dentate gyrus granule cells, accompanied by behavioral deficits in acoustic startle response and long-term memory. This is the first study of Sorbs2 function in the brain, and our findings may facilitate the study of neurobiological mechanisms underlying SORBS2 deficiency in the development of intellectual disability.
A Review of Experimental Research on Incubation in Problem Solving and Creativity

Nothing is so frustrating as a mental impasse. For example, tip-of-the-tongue experiences, those irritating failures to recall names of people one knows perfectly well, were described by William James as similar to the feeling of needing to sneeze. "Writer's block," another commonly described impasse, is universally feared by authors. Getting stuck when working on a problem or creative project is all too familiar. Which is the better remedy for resolving these mental impasses: proceeding with additional concentrated work, or taking a break? Many authors have noted that after a period of time away from an unresolved problem, the answer, which was unseen at first, may become readily apparent. Even when brilliant insights do not leap fully developed into one's conscious mind, a key concept or an understanding of the process for achieving the solution may emerge. Wallas (1926) popularized the term "incubation" to refer to the time away from conscious problem solving. Since then, a number of experiments have explored the processes connected with incubation and the variables that may affect those processes. The only review of this body of empirical work prior to the present chapter was by Olton (1979), and was limited to a handful of studies. Incubation is an often reported experience, but, like reports of ESP or alien abductions, the reality of the phenomenon can be assessed only after critical scientific scrutiny. In the present chapter, we provide a thorough review of the experimental literature on incubation in problem Review of Experimental Research on Incubation 2 solving and creativity and identify some of the key aspects of the incubation situation that need to be examined. We first describe two general experimental paradigms that have been used in incubation studies, and then assess those studies in which the authors simply attempted to demonstrate incubation effects. In the remainder of the chapter, we divide the studies according to the use of variables that might logically be viewed as important determinants of incubation effects. These determinants include the length of the incubation period and preparation activities manipulated, the types of problems to be solved, the nature of the activities during the incubation period, the clues were presented during incubation, and individual differences among the problem solvers. A summary of the variables examined is provided in Table 1. Experimental Methods Incubation experiments are generally conducted using one of two methods. In the first, called interpolated activity, subjects in an incubation …
Spatio-Temporal GrabCut human segmentation for face and pose recovery

In this paper, we present a full-automatic Spatio-Temporal GrabCut human segmentation methodology. GrabCut initialization is performed by a HOG-based subject detection, face detection, and skin color model for seed initialization. Spatial information is included by means of Mean Shift clustering whereas temporal coherence is considered by the historical of Gaussian Mixture Models. Moreover, human segmentation is combined with Shape and Active Appearance Models to perform full face and pose recovery. Results over public data sets as well as proper human action base show a robust segmentation and recovery of both face and pose using the presented methodology.
A Hybrid Design Space Exploration Approach for a Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Accelerator

Multitude parameters involved in the design process of a reconfigurable accelerator which is exploited in embedded systems brings about a remarkable complexity and large design space. One effective technique is design space exploration which is capable to find a right balance between the different design parameters. Quantitative design approach is an alternative which uses the data collected from applications; however it is time consuming and highly depends on designer observations and analyses and might not conclude to an optimal design. In this paper, a hybrid approach is introduced which uses an analytical approach to explore the design space for a reconfigurable accelerator and determine a wise design point based on the quantitative data collected from the targeted applications. It also provides flexibility for applying new design constraints as well as new applications characteristics. Furthermore, this approach is a methodological approach which reduces the design time and results in a design which satisfies the design goals. Experimental results show the efficacy of the hybrid approach. Keyword Design Space Exploration, Extensible Processor, Data Flow Graph, Coarse Grain Accelerator
Function Optimization

There are three main reasons why most problems in robotics, vision, and arguably every other science or endeavor take on the form of optimization problems. One is that the desired goal may not be achievable, and so we try to get as close as possible to it. The second reason is that there may be more ways to achieve the goal, and so we can choose one by assigning a quality to all the solutions and selecting the best one. The third reason is that we may not know how to solve the system of equations f(z) = 0, so instead we minimize the norm ‖f(z)‖, which is a scalar function of the unknown vector z. The first two situations arise in the context of linear systems. The case in which a linear system admits exactly one exact solution is simple but rare. More often, the system at hand is either incompatible (some say overconstrained) or, at the opposite end, underdetermined. In fact, some problems are both, in a sense: There is no exact solution, but there are several approximate ones, each equally good. In addition, many problems lead to nonlinear equations. Consider, for instance, the problem of Structure From Motion (SFM) in computer vision. Nonlinear equations describe how points in the world project onto the images taken by cameras at given positions in space. Structure from motion goes the other way around, and attempts to solve these equations: image points are given, and one wants to determine shape and motion, namely, where the points in the world and the cameras are. Because image points come from noisy measurements, they are not exact, and the resulting system is usually incompatible. SFM is then cast as an optimization problem. At the same time, even the exact system (one derived from perfect measurements through exact mathematics) is often close to being underdetermined. For instance, the images may provide insufficient information to recover shape and motion. Then, an additional criterion must be added to define what a “good” solution is. In these cases, the noisy system admits no exact solutions, but has many approximate ones. Machine learning is also optimization: A risk function defines the discrepancy between actual and desired behavior of the function being learned, and optimization methods find function parameters that reduce the risk over the inputs and outputs in the training set. The term “optimization” is meant to subsume both minimization and maximization. However, maximizing the scalar function f(z) is the same as minimizing its negative −f(z), so we consider optimization and minimization to be essentially synonyms. Usually, one is after global minima. However, global minima are hard to find, since they involve a universal quantifier: z∗ is a global minimum of f if for every z we have f(z) ≥ f(z∗), and it is typically infeasible to check all possible z. Global minimization techniques like simulated annealing have been proposed, but their convergence properties depend very strongly on the problem at hand. In this chapter, we consider
Repeatable experiments with mobile nodes in a relocatable WSN testbed

We present Sensei-UU, a testbed that supports mobile sensor nodes. The design objectives are to provide wireless sensor network (WSN) experiments with repeatable mobility and to be able to use the same testbed at different locations, including the target location. The testbed is inexpensive, expandable, relocatable and it is possible to reproduce it by other researchers. Mobile sensor nodes are carried by robots that use floor markings for navigation and localization. The testbed is typically used to evaluate WSN applications when sensor nodes move in meters rather than millimeters, eg. when human carries a mobile data sink (mobile phone) collecting data while passing fixed sensor nodes. To investigate the repeatability of robot movements, we have measured the achieved precision and timing of the robots. This precision is of importance to ensure the same radio link characteristics from one protocol experiment to another. We find that our robot localization is accurate to ±1 cm and variations in link characteristics are acceptably low to capture fading phenomena in IEEE 802.15. 4. In the paper we show repeatable experiment results from three environments, two university corridors and from an anechoic chamber. We conclude that the testbed is relocatable between different environments and that the precision is good enough to capture fading effects in a repeatable way.
Decreasing incidence of gastric MALT lymphomas in the era of anti-Helicobacter pylori interventions: results from a population-based study on extranodal marginal zone lymphomas.

BACKGROUND Few studies have been carried out to date that have addressed the epidemiology of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (EN-MZLs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a population-based study to investigate incidence rates (IRs) and time trends of EN-MZL diagnosed in the province of Modena (Italy) from 1997 to 2007. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-five cases were identified from the Modena Cancer Registry that corresponded to an age-standardized IR of 2.3 cases per 100 000. A bimodal distribution of age was shown with the group of young patients mostly represented by males with cutaneous lymphoma. No time trends were observed for the IR; the incidence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (g-MALT) lymphomas (N = 51) markedly declined during the study period, dropping from 1.4 in 1997 to 0.2 in 2002 and then remaining stable until 2007; the calculated annual percent change for g-MALT was -17.0% (95% confidence interval -26.6% to -6.2%). We also observed a significant decrease in the rate of g-MALT associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection from 61% to 17% of patients diagnosed before and after 2002 (P = 0.007; P for trend = 0.016). CONCLUSION This population-based study provides new insights into recent changes in the epidemiology of EN-MZL, mainly represented by the sharp reduced incidence of HP-positive g-MALT lymphomas.
Face Recognition Using Kernel Nearest Feature Classifiers

The nearest feature line (NFL), feature plane (NFP) and feature subspace (NFS) classifiers have achieved good results in face recognition. However, in these three methods the facial features need to be extracted before classification can be performed. To overcome this drawback, in this paper we extend these three classifiers to kernel based NFL, NFP and NFS classifiers respectively. In addition, two kinds of KNFS are proposed. One is direct generalization of KNFP, and the other employs kernel principle component analysis to construct nonlinear feature subspace. The advantage of the proposed methods is that original high dimensional face image can be directly classified without the preprocessing step to extract facial features. To overcome the drawbacks of the large computation complexity and possible failure in KNFL and KNFP, these two classifiers are further extended to kernel based nearest neighbor feature line and feature plane. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods for directly classifying the high dimensional face images
An Ultra-Thin, High-Power, and Multilayer Organic Antenna Array With T/R Functionality in the  $X$-Band

The transmit-receive (T/R) operation of an ultra-thin organic antenna array is presented at a center frequency of 9.5 GHz. High transmit power is achieved while maintaining an ultra-low profile in a novel system-on-a-package scheme whereby 32 silicon-germanium (SiGe), transmit/receive integrated-circuit (TRIC) modules have been flip-chip bonded to the array board. Each SiGe TRIC drives a pair of slot-coupled microstrip patch antennas that form an 8 × 8 rectangular array, which is all packaged in an organic substrate stack of liquid crystal polymer and RT/Duroid 5880LZ. The organic package occupies an area of 30.5 cm × 25.4 cm and has a total thickness of only 1.80 mm. The small-signal characterization of the array showed a G/T=-6.64 dB , and a measured receive gain of 20.1 dB with a variation of 0.7 dB over a 1-GHz bandwidth (BW). Finally, far-field large-signal experiments showed a measured effective isotropically radiated power of 47.1 dBm with a variation of 2.36 dB over the same BW, and without the aid of additional thermal management components.
Shape Checking of Array Programs

Shape theory provides a framework for the study of data types in which shape and data can be manipulated separately. This paper is concerned with shape checking, i.e. the detection of shape errors, such as array bound errors, without handling the data stored within. It can be seen as a form of partial evaluation in which data computations are ignored. We construct a simply-typed lambda-calculus that supports a vector type constructor, whose iteration yields types of arrays. It is expressive enough to construct all of the usual linear algebra operations. All shape errors in a term t can be detected by evaluating its shape #t. Evaluation of #t will terminate if that of t does.
Fatality of Future Coronary Events Is Related to Inflammation-Sensitive Plasma Proteins: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Background—Approximately 40% of men suffering a first acute coronary event die the first day; most of them never reach hospital. It is largely unknown whether a low-grade inflammation in healthy men predicts the fatality of future coronary events. Methods and Results—Five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs; fibrinogen, orosomucoid, &agr;1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin) were measured in 6075 apparently healthy men, 680 of whom had a first coronary event [nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or death from coronary heart disease (CHD)] over a mean follow-up of 19 years. Of the 680 men who had a coronary event, 197 died the first day and 228 died within 28 days. Elevated ISPs were significantly associated with both nonfatal MI and CHD death, but the relative risks for CHD death were higher than for nonfatal MI. Among men who subsequently had a coronary event, the proportion of fatal events was related to the number of elevated ISPs at the baseline examination. The proportions who died the first day were 26%, 25%, 29%, and 35%, respectively, among men with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 elevated ISPs (trend:P = 0.01, adjusted for risk factors). The corresponding proportions who died within 28 days were 30%, 31%, 34%, and 38%, respectively (trend:P = 0.03). Conclusions—Men who have been exposed to a low-grade inflammation many years earlier have higher fatality in future coronary events, with a higher proportion of CHD deaths and less nonfatal MI. This relation should be regarded when inflammatory markers are considered for risk assessment in primary prevention.