Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in Liquids at Rest Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat ∗

IN THIS PAPER it will be shown that, according to the molecular-kinetic theory of heat, bodies of a microscopically visible size suspended in liquids must, as a result of thermal molecular motions, perform motions of such magnitude that they can be easily observed with a microscope. It is possible that the motions to be discussed here are identical with so-called Brownian molecular motion; however, the data available to me on the latter are so imprecise that I could not form a judgment on the question. If the motion to be discussed here can actually be observed, together with the laws it is expected to obey, then classical thermodynamics can no longer be viewed as applying to regions that can be distinguished even with a microscope, and an exact determination of actual atomic sizes becomes possible. On the other hand, if the prediction of this motion were to be proved wrong, this fact would provide a far-reaching argument against the molecular-kinetic conception of heat.
Ability of utilization of PCA in hyperspectral anomaly detection

Hyperspectral (HS) imaging is a complex way of taking the image of the scenery, where the rich spectral information is collected for any pixel of HS image. The rich spectral information can consequently be used for finding objects or identifying specific material in military utilization of HS imaging. Finding the objects as a spectral anomaly is one of specific tasks of HS image processing.
Evaluation of frequencies of HPRT mutant lymphocytes in butadiene polymer workers in a Southeast Texas facility

We examined the frequency of mutant lymphocytes (VFs) in workers (n = 30) occupationally exposed to the petrochemical, 1,3‐butadiene (BD), using the autoradiographic HPRT mutant lymphocyte assay. Current exposures were determined with organic vapor monitors that had a 12‐hr method detection limit (MDL) of 2.5 parts per billion (ppb). HPRT VFs were analyzed with respect to current exposure estimates, age in years, and occupational longevity (OL; defined as years working in the BD industry at this facility). Current exposures were low (mean 93.5 ppb, median 2.5 ppb) with only one individual's estimate (1683.5 ppb) exceeding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 1,000 ppb. The majority (>50%) of current exposures were below the MDL. HPRT VFs were not significantly associated with current exposures (n = 29), and they were not significantly associated with age (n = 29). HPRT VFs were, however, significantly associated with OL (n = 29, R2 = 0.107, P < 0.046). This result suggests that chronic and/or past, high‐level exposures might leave a mutagenic signature that is revealed by the HPRT assay, possibly through the retention of mutant, long‐term memory T‐cells. While it is encouraging that current occupational exposures to BD in this facility do not appear to be increasing the frequency of mutant T‐lymphocytes, evidence from workers with a lengthy history in the industry (≥30 years in this case) indicates that these individuals likely require additional biomonitoring for possible mutagenic effects resulting from chronic, past exposures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Corpus for Entity Profiling in Microblog Posts

Microblogs have become an invaluable source of information for the purpose of online reputation management. Streams of microblogs are of great value because of their direct and real-time nature. An emerging problem is to identify not only microblog posts (such as tweets) that are relevant for a given entity, but also the specific aspects that people discuss. Determining such aspects can be non-trivial because of creative language usage, the highly contextualized and informal nature of microblog posts, and the limited length of this form of communication. In this paper we present two manually annotated corpora to evaluate the task of identifying aspects on Twitter, both of them based upon the WePS-3 ORM task dataset and made available online. The first is created using a pooling methodology, for which we have implemented various methods for automatically extracting aspects from tweets that are relevant for an entity. Human assessors have labeled each of the candidates as being relevant. The second corpus is more fine-grained and contains opinion targets. Here, annotators consider individual tweets related to an entity and manually identify whether the tweet is opinionated and, if so, which part of the tweet is subjective and what the target of the sentiment is, if any.
Characteristics, Outcomes, and Predictability of Critically Ill Obstetric Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Objective:To evaluate pregnant/postpartum patients requiring ICUs admission in Argentina, describe characteristics of mothers and outcomes for mothers/babies, evaluate risk factors for maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality; and compare outcomes between patients admitted to public and private health sectors. Design:Multicenter, prospective, national cohort study. Setting:Twenty ICUs in Argentina (public, 8 and private, 12). Patients:Pregnant/postpartum (< 42 d) patients admitted to ICU. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Three hundred sixty-two patients were recruited, 51% from the public health sector and 49% from the private. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II was 8 (4–12); predicted/observed mortality, 7.6%/3.6%; hospital length of stay, 7 days (5–13 d); and fetal-neonatal losses, 17%. Public versus private health sector patients: years of education, 9 ± 3 versus 15 ± 3; transferred from another hospital, 43% versus 12%; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, 9 (5–13.75) versus 7 (4–9); hospital length of stay, 10 days (6–17 d) versus 6 days (4–9 d); prenatal care, 75% versus 99.4%; fetal-neonatal losses, 25% versus 9% (p = 0.000 for all); and mortality, 5.4% versus 1.7% (p = 0.09). Complications in ICU were multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (34%), shock (28%), renal dysfunction (25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (20%); all predominated in the public sector. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (during first 24 hr of admission) score of at least 6.5 presented the best discriminative power for maternal mortality. Independent predictors of maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, education level, prenatal care, and admission to tertiary hospitals. Conclusions:Patients spent a median of 7 days in hospital; 3.6% died. Maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality was determined not only by acuteness of illness but to social and healthcare aspects like education, prenatal control, and being cared in specialized hospitals. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (during first 24 hr of admission), easier to calculate than Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, was a better predictor of maternal outcome. Evident health disparities existed between patients admitted to public versus private hospitals: the former received less prenatal care, were less educated, were more frequently transferred from other hospitals, were sicker at admission, and developed more complications; maternal and fetal-neonatal mortality were higher. These findings point to the need of redesigning healthcare services to account for these inequities.
Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi A from Yuxi and comparison with isolates from the Chinese Medical Culture Collection Center

The aim of the present study was to genotype Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi A (SPA) isolated from Yuxi, China, in a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) analysis (MLVA) and to compare them with isolates from the Chinese Medical Culture Collection Center (CMCC). Potential VNTRs were screened from the genomes of ATCC9150 and AKU_12601 using the Tandem Repeats Finder program. Nine VNTRs were established for MLVA typing of 195 SPA isolates from Yuxi and 20 isolates from CMCC. The dendogram for MLVA profiles and minimum spanning tree (MST) were drawn using the categorical coefficient calculated by BioNumerics software. A total of 23 MLVA types were identified in 215 SPA isolates and were grouped into six distinct cluster groups A, B, C, D, E and F. A total of 195 Yuxi SPA isolates were exclusively grouped into cluster C with nine MLVA genotypes. A total of 20 CMCC isolates were grouped in clusters A B, D, E and F with the other 14 MLVA types. The MLVA with nine VNTR loci, which was exploited in the present study, represents a successful strategy for genotyping SPA. Furthermore, the 195 Yuxi isolates appear to be closely related to each other and distinct from the 20 CMCC strains.
A hierarchical and recursive model of mathematical expressions for automatic reading of mathematical documents

We propose an original model for automatic reading of mathematical texts, founded on a recursive approach and a hierarchical view of the latter. This hierarchy in the text has been introduced by means of the notion of mathematical object, that we characterise by a set of definitions. A prior segmentation phase of mathematical objects in text is performed, using character matching techniques and propagating the labelling process of mathematical objects around "special characters" initially recognised. Complex and dynamical tree representations are proposed for mathematical expressions detected in the text, and a dynamical set of priority rules has been defined that guides this automatic process. Finally the recognition of the elementary objects obtained permits to achieve the encoding of a mathematical expression.
Motivation for Behaviour-Based DNS Security: A Taxonomy of DNS-Related Internet Threats

The Domain Name System is the largest distributed system in operation today and a critical infrastructure component that can be regarded as one nervous system of the current Internet. Because of its critical role DNS is involved in manifold Internet attacks both against the system itself or other Internet hosts. This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of Internet threats involving the DNS classifying them in three categories: name server vulnerabilities, authenticity and integrity attacks, and consumption attacks. Attacks consuming Internet infrastructure resources are inadequately addressed today and from a network operator perspective they remain the major operational security issue. We show that many consumption attacks cause anomalies in DNS traffic, which implies that behaviour-based security on the name servers is a promising research area against this class of Internet attacks.
On Join Location in Sensor Networks

We consider the problem of processing join queries in a wireless sensor network, focusing on where (which sensor node(s)) to process the join. We propose four strategies for processing such queries and investigate their performance across several scenarios. Not surprisingly, our experiments show that no single strategy performs best for all scenarios. In order to avoid the potential high cost of using a fixed strategy for processing all queries, we develop a cost-based model that can be used to select the best join strategy for the query at hand. Our experiments confirm that, given a set of queries, selecting the join strategy based on the cost model is always better than using any fixed strategy for all queries.
Freud's ‘transference’: Clinical technique in the ‘Rat Man’ case and theoretical conceptualization compared*

A considerable gap exists between clinical psychoanalytic concepts and psychoanalytic practice. It can be traced back to the early beginnings of psychoanalysis and to Freud's own handling of concepts that he had developed himself. Focusing on the concept of ‘transference’ that Freud in several steps coined so precisely from his experiences with hysteric patients and especially from his understanding of the ‘Dora’ case, it can be shown that he – seen from today – could not fully apply the meaning of his own concept in the later treatment of the so‐called ‘Rat Man’. Freud's ‘Original record of the case’ is used to scrutinize his way of understanding and handling the transference with this patient. To a substantial extent transference as well as counter‐transference was rather enacted than understood in this case, partly due to Freud's own personal and scientific interests and to his ambitions to use this case as a demonstration of his therapeutic approach. In order to show this, it is unavoidable to correct several blurry or even misleading passages of Strachey's translation. Findings from numerous workshops using ‘comparative clinical methods’ indicate that up till now we analysts – like Freud – have great difficulties in applying Freud's incredible insight that “a whole series of former psychic experiences comes alive not as the past but as the present relationship to the person of the physician” (Freud, 1905c [1901], p. 279/280, my translation).
Contour Organisation with the EM Algorithm

This paper describes how the early visual process of contour organisation can be realised using the EM algorithm. The underlying computational representation is based on fine spline coverings. According to our EM approach the adjustment of spline parameters draws on an iterative weighted least-squares fitting process. The expectation step of our EM procedure computes the likelihood of the data using a mixture model defined over the set of spline coverings. These splines are limited in their spatial extent using Gaussian windowing functions. The maximisation of the likelihood leads to a set of linear equations in the spline parameters which solve the weighted least squares problem. We evaluate the technique on the localisation of road structures in aerial infra-red images.
Neural Attention Models for Sequence Classification: Analysis and Application to Key Term Extraction and Dialogue Act Detection

Recurrent neural network architectures combining with attention mechanism, or neural attention model, have shown promising performance recently for the tasks including speech recognition, image caption generation, visual question answering and machine translation. In this paper, neural attention model is applied on two sequence classification tasks, dialogue act detection and key term extraction. In the sequence labeling tasks, the model input is a sequence, and the output is the label of the input sequence. The major difficulty of sequence labeling is that when the input sequence is long, it can include many noisy or irrelevant part. If the information in the whole sequence is treated equally, the noisy or irrelevant part may degrade the classification performance. The attention mechanism is helpful for sequence classification task because it is capable of highlighting important part among the entire sequence for the classification task. The experimental results show that with the attention mechanism, discernible improvements were achieved in the sequence labeling task considered here. The roles of the attention mechanism in the tasks are further analyzed and visualized in this paper.
Associations of Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography with Religious/Spiritual and Psychological Functioning

ABSTRACT Prior work has shown that religious individuals tend to be critical of Internet pornography (IP). Additionally, people who harbor negative views about their own IP use are more likely to experience psychological distress and religious/spiritual (r/s) struggles. The present research attempted to bring these bodies of research together by examining the relations between engaging with IP (perceived addiction to IP, actual IP use, and moral evaluations of IP), indicators of psychosocial adaptation (self-esteem and state anger), and r/s functioning (religiousness, anger toward God). A study was conducted using a large sample of undergraduate students (N = 1,070) who reported using IP and at least some belief in God. Correlational and network analyses revealed that religiousness was associated with moral disapproval of IP and perceived addiction to IP. Perceived addiction to IP (rather than actual IP use) was related to lower self-esteem, more anger, and more anger directed toward God. This study provides a partial psychological and r/s profile of college students varying in the degree to which they perceive themselves as addicted to IP. Potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
K3 surfaces with non-symplectic involution and compact irreducible G2-manifolds

Abstract We consider the connected-sum method of constructing compact Riemannian 7-manifolds with holonomy G2 developed by the first named author. The method requires pairs of projective complex threefolds endowed with anticanonical K3 divisors and the latter K3 surfaces should satisfy a certain ‘matching condition’ intertwining on their periods and Kähler classes. Suitable examples of threefolds were previously obtained by blowing up curves in Fano threefolds. In this paper, we give a large new class of suitable algebraic threefolds using theory of K3 surfaces with non-symplectic involution due to Nikulin. These threefolds are not obtainable from Fano threefolds as above, and admit matching pairs leading to topologically new examples of compact irreducible G2-manifolds. ‘Geography’ of the values of Betti numbers b2, b3 for the new (and previously known) examples of irreducible G2 manifolds is also discussed.
An antisense transcript from the Xenopus laevis bFGF gene coding for an evolutionarily conserved 24 kd protein.

Screening of a Xenopus laevis oocyte cDNA library with a rat basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) cDNA led to the isolation of a 1.35 kb sequence containing exon III of the bFGF gene. Reverse complementary listing of this sequence revealed a polyadenylated transcript with an open reading frame coding for an unknown protein of mol. wt 24,292 daltons. The coding part of bFGF exon III is located in this putative mRNA in opposite direction within the 3′ untranslated region. By hybridization studies on transcription orientation with single‐stranded probes it could be proven that this transcript actually represents an antisense transcript to part of the Xenopus bFGF gene. Sequence organization on corresponding genomic fragments revealed that it is processed from a larger precursor by splicing mechanisms. Sequence comparison with elongated transcripts from the bFGF gene in human hepatoma has shown that the gene coding for the antisense mRNA is evolutionarily conserved.
A platform for high performance and flexible virtual routers on commodity hardware

Multi-core CPUs, along with recent advances in memory and buses, render commodity hardware a strong candidate for software router virtualization. In this context, we present the design of a new platform for virtual routers on modern PC hardware. We further discuss our design choices in order to achieve both high performance and flexibility for packet processing.
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression as a prognosic biomarker in patients with solid tumor: a meta analysis.

PURPOSE A great deal of studies have been performed on the prognostic value of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in solid tumors in recent years. However, no consistent outcomes are reported. Therefore, the prognostic value of MCP-1 still remains controversial in patients with solid tumors. Here we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of MCP-1 expression for patients with solid tumors. METHODS Comprehensive literature was selected from PUBMED and EMBASE and clinical studies which reported analysis of survival data about MCP-1 in solid tumors were included. Stata 11.0 was used for performing a meta-analysis on evaluating the relation between MCP-1 and clinical staging, overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 1324 patients with solid tumors were included into our meta-analysis. The result showed that high concentration of MCP-1 was related to a worse OS (HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.32-2.88). The subgroup analysis on different location of tumors showed that high concentration of MCP-1 meant bad prognosis in patients with digestive cancer (HR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.44-4.91) and urogenital cancer (HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.61-3.10), even head and neck cancer (HR = 1.99, 95% CI 0.95-4.18) other than respiratory cancer (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.39-3.11). Another subgroup analysed on different sites of cancer and indicated a poor prognosis on adenocarcinoma (HR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.63-2.69). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MCP-1 can be regarded as a poor prognostic maker for solid tumors and may represent important new therapeutic targets.
A GABRA2 variant is associated with increased stimulation and 'high' following alcohol administration.

AIMS Variation in genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits has been implicated in the risk of alcohol dependence (AD). We sought to replicate and extend previous findings of a moderating effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GABRA2 (which encodes the GABAA α-2 subunit) on the subjective effects of alcohol by examining SNPs in this and the adjacent GABRG1 gene on chromosome 4. METHODS Fifty-two European-Americans (22 males, 28 light drinkers and 24 heavy drinkers) completed 3 laboratory sessions, during which they drank low-dose, high-dose, or placebo alcohol prior to undergoing periodic assessments of stimulation, sedation and drug enjoyment. We genotyped subjects for three SNPs previously associated with AD: rs279858 in GABRA2, and rs7654165 and rs6447493 in GABRG1. RESULTS Two SNPs were associated with altered stimulatory effects of alcohol as measured on the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, (rs279858: P = 0.0046; rs6447493: P = 0.0023); both effects were in the opposite direction of previous findings. Carriers of the rs279858 C allele experienced greater stimulation from alcohol. Further inspection of the rs6447493 interaction did not support a pharmacogenetic effect. The effects of rs279858 (but not the other two SNPs) on items from a secondary outcome measure, the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), were significant. Higher ratings by individuals with the C allele were observed on the DEQ items 'feel the alcohol effect' (P < 0.001), 'like the alcohol effect' (P < 0.001) and feel 'high' (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We did not find that the GABRG1 SNPs rs7654165 and rs6447493 moderated the effects of alcohol. Greater stimulatory and euphoric effects of alcohol in carriers of the rs279858 C allele may, in part, explain the previously reported association of this allele with AD.
3D Bilinear Face Model Fitting from Multiple Cameras

3D facial analysis attracts much interest recently due to the fact that it provides solutions for mitigating confounding factors in 2D image analysis, such as pose, illumination. On the other hand, it also provides enriched representation with more discriminative depth information for applications such as expression or identity analysis. In this paper, we investigate 3D face reconstruction based on sets of extracted facial features in a multi-view camera setup. The reconstruction is done using Bilinear Face Models where identity and expression are modelled independently in different modes. A novel algorithm based on full-perspective projection model is introduced. We validate our reconstruction method on synthetic data in this study. Experiments show that the reconstruction performance is significantly improved with multi-view inputs in terms of point-to-point error, normal error, as well as errors in model coefficients. We also show that the reconstruction method based on full-perspective projection model produces superior reconstruction accuracy comparing to weak-perspective model in multi-view reconstruction. The robustness of reconstruction against noise in the feature data is discussed and show the proposed method is applicable on real data.