Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional Labour Markets: Analytical Contributions and Cross-National Comparisons

Spatial Labour Market Analysis: Relevance and Scope (M.M. Fischer, P. Nijkamp). Spatial Labour Markets: General Issues. Labour Market Theories: Perspectives, Problems and Policy Implications (M.M. Fischer, P. Nijkamp). Regional Labour Market Modelling: A State-of-the-Art Review (U. Schubert et al.). Regional Economic Research on Labour Markets (J. Rouwendal, P. Nijkamp). Technological Development and Regional Labour Markets (P. Nijkamp, P. Rietveld). Processes of Industrial Change: Scale, Location and Type of Job (B. Johansson, C. Karlsson). Search Behaviour and Analytical Models. Job Search Theory and Indeterminate Information (G.L. Clark). Job Search and Migration (G. Maier). Spatial Aspects of the Provision of Job Information (M.N.K. Saunders, R. Flowerdew). Competition among Applicants for Job Openings (P.A. Rogerson). Current Trends. New Trends in the Supply and Demand Patterns of Labour in Western Economies (W.F. Lever). Dynamics in Spatial Variations in Unemployment (D. Gleave). Industrial Organisation and Regional Labour Markets (F.E.I. Hamilton). The Growth of Service Class Labour Markets: The Case of Great Britain (N. Thrift). The Role of Women in Technical Change (L. Chatterjee, T.R. Lakshmanan). Cross-National Comparisons of Regional Labour Markets. Cross-National Comparisons of Regional Labour Markets in 15 Countries (I. Evers-Koelman et al.). Regional Labour Market Analysis: Retrospect and Prospect. (M.M. Fischer, P. Nijkamp).
Differentiation of Human Leukemia Cell Line K-562 Reduction in Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation during Updated

Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562 expresses the bcr/c-abl fusion protein which is an active protein tyrosine kinase. Mul tiple tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were detected in K-S62 cells by Â¡mmunoblotting with a high-affinity anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. When K-562 cells were induced with hemin to progress through the erythroid differentiation pathway, reduction in the levels of these tyro sine-phosphorylated proteins was observed. This reduction in tyrosinephosphorylated proteins was not found in another chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line which could not be induced to differentiate by hemin. This and other observations established that the reduction in protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a specific differentiation response. The beri c-abl protein synthesis was reduced in hemin-treated K-562 cells. Thus, erythroid differentiation of K-562 cells reduces the level of the bcr/c-abl tyrosine kinase and the phosphotyrosine content of its substrate proteins.
An Uncertainty-Driven Theory of the Productivity Slowdown: Manufacturing

This paper presents a theory of the productivity slowdown based on the effects that uncertainty has on the productivity of specialized capital. Uncertainty reduces the efficiency of inflexible capital and generates a slowdown. It also increases the demand for flexible capital which retains its productivity in the new volatile environment. The increase in the share of flexible capital explains the acceleration of the rate of productivity growth embodied in new capital observed by McHugh and Lane [1987]. This fact is difficult to explain by the theories that emphasize the cost of implementing the new technologies as the cause of the slowdown. The model also highlights the positive effect that uncertainty has on the speed of diffusion of technologies, and on the rate of technological progress. These relationships are successfully tested in manufacturing and are used to explain the rapid diffusion of computers and the spectacular TFP growth rate of the computer producing sectors.
Towards principled core ontologies

An important issue in the newborn discipline of ontological engineering is the construction of libraries of ontologies which are designed for maximum reusability. Van Heijst et. al. suggested that a central part of ontology libraries is the deenition of what they called a core ontology, containing elements that are as generic and method-independent as possible. However, their speciication of how these core ontologies should be constructed is highly pragmatical, and leaves many problems unresolved. In this article we propose and discuss a number of speciic principles for the construction of core ontologies. We demonstrate the advantages of these principles using as an example a core ontology we have built for the domain of law. Several conclusions about the construction of ontology libraries based on core ontologies are drawn.
The C-ORAL-BRASIL I: Reference Corpus for Spoken Brazilian Portuguese

C-ORAL-BRASIL I is a Brazilian Portuguese spontaneous speech corpus compiled following the same architecture adopted by the C-ORAL-ROM resource. The main goal is the documentation of the diaphasic and diastratic variations in Brazilian Portuguese. The diatopic variety represented is that of the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, capital city of Minas Gerais. Even though it was not a primary goal, a nice balance was achieved in terms of speakers' diastratic features (sex, age and school level). The corpus is entirely dedicated to informal spontaneous speech and comprises 139 informal speech texts, 208,130 words and 21:08:52 hours of recording, distributed into family/private (80%) and public (20%) contexts. The LR includes audio files, transcripts in text format and text-to-speech alignment (accessible with WinPitch Pro software). C-ORAL-BRASIL I also provides transcripts with Part-of-Speech annotation implemented through the parser system Palavras. Transcripts were validated regarding the proper application of transcription criteria and also for the annotation of prosodic boundaries. Some quantitative features of C-ORAL-BRASIL I in comparison with the informal C-ORAL-ROM are reported.
Recording in Thoughts: Recording Speech for the Purpose of Sharing

Non-expert users rarely use recorded speech as a means of communication and expression. This paper describes work on a recording interface that reduces the need for editing, so as to encourage the use of speech as a medium. User needs were determined by a diary study and participatory design session. A recording technique, recording in thoughts, is presented, aiming to reduce the need for post-production by enabling quick re-recording of individual thoughts and shortening of long segments. Eight producers and 43 listeners compared our technique with a more traditional recording interface, preferring to both create and listen to recordings made with ours. The work concludes with a discussion of next steps for this research. Author
Determinants of the EONIA spread and the financial turmoil of 2007-2009

Nowadays, monetary policy is implemented in most advanced economies by setting a reference level for a short-term interest rate. The ECB Governing Council is responsible for setting the offi cial interest rates in the euro area, which serve as a benchmark for interbank market interest rates. This is the fi rst step in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The expectations theory, one of the explaining theories of the yield curve argues that an investment with a longer maturity should generate the same return as an investment with a shorter term plus a forward investment for the remaining maturity. This implies that the long-term interest rate should refl ect the current level of the shorter-term interest rate and its expectations over the maturity of the long-term investment. Thus, ultimately, it is the shortest maturity interest rate, i.e., the overnight interest rate, and expectations on this rate that determine the remaining interest rates. It is therefore important to understand how the Eurosystem infl uences the market interest rate, i.e., the benchmark overnight interest rate for the euro area, the Euro Overnight Index Average rate (EONIA).
Projections for Eastern Australia's LNG Export Revenues: Opportunities and Risks in the Asia-Pacific Region

Further links to the international LNG market implies that eastern AustraliaOs LNG export revenue will also depend on future LNG prices in the region. This paper provides the estimation of eastern AustraliaOs export revenue over the period of 2015-30 for different alternative LNG expansions, using different LNG price scenarios in the Asia-Pacific. The first case considered of future LNG exports is the 7 train Core case, which is based on the AEMO (2013 and 2014) and the Core Energy Group (2013). The second case of future LNG exports is based on the IES (2013). In each case of AustraliaOs future LNG development, three different scenarios of low, medium and high values are considered. For the first case, export revenues range from A$17-23 billion by 2020, and A$21-27 billion by 2030. For the second case, export revenues for all scenarios of LNG prices range from A $19 billion to A$33 billion by 2020 and A$21 billion to A$39 billion by 2030.
Combining Active Learning and Partial Annotation for Domain Adaptation of a Japanese Dependency Parser

The machine learning-based approaches that dominate natural language processing research require massive amounts of labeled training data. Active learning has the potential to substantially reduce the human effort needed to prepare this data by allowing annotators to focus on only the most informative training examples. This paper shows that active learning can be used for domain adaptation of dependency parsers, not just in single-domain settings. We also show that entropy-based query selection strategies can be combined with partial annotation to annotate informative examples in the new domain without annotating full sentences. Simulations are common in work on active learning, but we measured the actual time needed for manual annotation of data to better frame the results obtained in our simulations. We evaluate query strategies based on both full and partial annotation in several domains, and find that they reduce the amount of in-domain training data needed for domain adaptation by up to 75% compared to random selection. We found that partial annotation delivers better indomain performance for the same amount of human effort than full annotation.
A comparison of RBF networks and random forest in forecasting ozone day

It is known that random forest has good performance for data sets containing some irrelevant features, and it is also known that the performance of random forest is very good at ozone day prediction data set that is supposed to have some irrelevant features. On the other hand, it is known that when data sets do not contain irrelevant features, RBF networks are good at prediction tasks. Moreover, in general, we do not have exact knowledge about irrelevant features, because data space is usually far greater than available data for training. So we want to test that the two facts are true or not for the ozone data set. Experiments were done with random forests and RBF networks using k-means clustering, and showed that RBF networks are slightly better than random forest for the ozone day prediction.
The causal relationship between female employment and fertility in south Asia: an application of the bounds testing approach to co-integration

This study applies Granger causality tests within an error-correction framework to analyse the relationship between female employment and fertility in six South Asian countries. Of the six countries, we only find evidence of a co-integrating relationship between fertility and female employment for the Maldives, where in the long run, female employment Granger causes fertility. This differs from previous results for developed countries. Our findings for the short run are broadly consistent with the findings in previous studies with either uni-directional causality running from female employment to fertility (three countries) or bi-directional causality between the variables (two countries). The one exception is Sri Lanka, where there is neutrality.
2 4 Fe b 20 05 Disentangling instrumental broadening

A new procedure aiming at disentangling the instrumental profile broadening and the relevant X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) profile shape is presented. The technique consists of three steps: denoising by means of wavelet transforms, background suppression by morphological functions and deblurring by a Lucy–Richardson damped deconvolution algorithm. Real XRPD intensity profiles of ceria samples are used to test the performances. Results show the robustness of the method and its capability of efficiently disentangling the instrumental broadening affecting the measurement of the intrinsic physical line profile. These features make the whole procedure an interesting and user-friendly tool for the pre-processing of XRPD data. ⋆ Corresponding author, E mail: massimo.ladisa@ic.cnr. it, Phone: +39 0805929166, Fax: +39 0805929170
Performance Management and Budgeting: How Governments Can Learn from Experience

This collection of essays offers critical perspectives on current issues in the international economy. Divided into four parts, U.S. Trade Policy and Global Growth discusses managed trade and international interdependence, the effect of trade on domestic wages and employment, the costs and benefits of trade protection, and likely effects of NAFTA. The collection also addresses the U.S. trade deficit and presents a Keynesian proposal for international monetary reform. Part IV focuses on issues facing developing countries in the areas of trade, industrial, and financial policy. Rejecting the dogma that pure free-market policies should be accepted as articles of religious faith, in either international trade or domestic policy, the contributors search for trade and macro policies that can achieve balanced growth with high employment and an equitable distribution of income in both the United States and the rest of the world.
The relationship between intonational phrasing and syntactic structure in language production

In this paper, we evaluate several theories of how syntactic/semantic structure influences the placement of intonational boundaries in language production (Cooper & Paccia-Cooper, 1980; Gee & Grosjean, 1983; Ferreira, 1988). Although the theories that we tested are shown to be quite successful, they are complex, and furthermore, they are incompatible with recent evidence for incrementality in sentence production. In light of these problems, we propose a simpler incremental model called the Left hand side/Right hand side Boundary hypothesis (LRB). According to this hypothesis, two factors that underlie the successful performance of the algorithms from the literature contribute to the likelihood of producing intonational boundaries at word boundaries: (1) the size of the recently completed syntactic constituent at a word boundary; and (2) the size of the upcoming syntactic constituent. These factors are further constrained by syntactic argument relationships. We demonstrate that the LRB performs as well as previous models with respect to the data from Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, we present evidence that the LRB outperforms previous models in certain instances. In Experiment 3, we demonstrate that the discourse status of relative clauses is an additional factor in intonational boundary placement.
Managing mobile text in head mounted displays: studies on visual preference and text placement

In recent years, the development of wearable displays has seen a drastic increase. However, there is still a strong resistance to using wearable technology for fear of decreased visibility and attention to one's surroundings. To address this concern, this paper describes a series of experiments that study user tendencies related to viewing and placing text in head mounted displays (HMDs). From the results of two pilot experiments, we show that awareness is to some extent better for HMDs compared to smartphones, and find that users would prefer to place text in the background rather than the HMD screen. We then consequently build an intelligent system to manage placement of text such as e-mail and messaging using computer vision algorithms. Finally, through two experiments comparing automatic and manual text placement, we show that our system can mimic human tendencies with approximately 70% accuracy.
Architecture and implementation of the reliable router

Abstract The Reliable Router (RR) is a network switching element targeted to two-dimensional mesh interconnection network topologies. It is designed to run at 100 MHz and reach a useful link bandwidth of 3.2 Gbitlsec. The Reliable Router uses adaptive routing coupled with link-level retransmission and a unique-token protocol to increase both performance and reliability. The RR can handle a single node or link failure anywhere in the network without in terruption of service. Other unique features include a queueless low-latency plesiochronous channel inter face and simultaneous bidirectional signalling.
Hierarchical Processing of Auditory Objects in Humans

This work examines the computational architecture used by the brain during the analysis of the spectral envelope of sounds, an important acoustic feature for defining auditory objects. Dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model selection were used to evaluate a family of 16 network models explaining functional magnetic resonance imaging responses in the right temporal lobe during spectral envelope analysis. The models encode different hypotheses about the effective connectivity between Heschl's Gyrus (HG), containing the primary auditory cortex, planum temporale (PT), and superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the modulation of that coupling during spectral envelope analysis. In particular, we aimed to determine whether information processing during spectral envelope analysis takes place in a serial or parallel fashion. The analysis provides strong support for a serial architecture with connections from HG to PT and from PT to STS and an increase of the HG to PT connection during spectral envelope analysis. The work supports a computational model of auditory object processing, based on the abstraction of spectro-temporal “templates” in the PT before further analysis of the abstracted form in anterior temporal lobe areas.
Analiza przestrzenna dynamiki zmian cen nieruchomości lokalowych z wykorzystaniem regresji ważonej geograficznie

The characteristic feature of real estate market is local character, which marks that the conditionings of local market have very large influence on housing prices and dynamics of their changes. The study of changes housing prices as a result of outflow of time should, therefore to take into account both general trend and spatial differentiation, resulting with values of localization. The paper presents possibility of use geographically weighted regression to analysis of dynamics of changes housing prices on the area of Olsztyn in years 2003–2009. The simple global model in this aim was built for whole area of analysis and then the models of geographically weighted regression taking into account the spatial dependences weights. The conducted analysis confirmed the usefulness of the GWR method, as tool of spatial analysis of real estate market.
A Nonlinear Model Reference Adaptive Control for a Universal Motor using Backstepping Approach

—Our aim is to design a nonlinear controller for the given Universal motor. In order to attain high performance speed tracking, the adaptive backstepping control technique is applied. A linear reference model is designed to achieve the speed tracking of the motor. To regulate the dynamics of the motor, the proposed controller is designed to track the linear reference model. Considering the parameter uncertainties, adaptive control method is used. The effectiveness of the controller is verified using the simulation results. The simulation results show that the motor speed response is highly robust despite the uncertainties and load torque variation and the motor also successfully tracks the specified reference model.
EFFICIENT ROUTING OF LOAD BALANCING IN GRID COMPUTING

In this decade, grid computing is a well-known solution for applying a large collection of connected heterogeneous systems and sharing various combinations of resources. It creates a simple but large, powerful and self-managing virtual computer, which leads to the problem of load balancing. The main goal of load balancing is to provide a distributed and low cost scheme that balances the load across all the processors. In this paper, a new load balancing algorithm named optimal anti-directed chord is proposed. In this overlay structured network that load information and processes among nodes have been organized for tradeoffs (load balancing), reaching time to a particular process or entity is reduced because of anticlockwise movement. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces reaching time by 33% in comparison to simple chord and 16% ABC method.
Neuronal Spike Initiation Modulated by Extracellular Electric Fields

Based on a reduced two-compartment model, the dynamical and biophysical mechanism underlying the spike initiation of the neuron to extracellular electric fields is investigated in this paper. With stability and phase plane analysis, we first investigate in detail the dynamical properties of neuronal spike initiation induced by geometric parameter and internal coupling conductance. The geometric parameter is the ratio between soma area and total membrane area, which describes the proportion of area occupied by somatic chamber. It is found that varying it could qualitatively alter the bifurcation structures of equilibrium as well as neuronal phase portraits, which remain unchanged when varying internal coupling conductance. By analyzing the activating properties of somatic membrane currents at subthreshold potentials, we explore the relevant biophysical basis of spike initiation dynamics induced by these two parameters. It is observed that increasing geometric parameter could greatly decrease the intensity of the internal current flowing from soma to dendrite, which switches spike initiation dynamics from Hopf bifurcation to SNIC bifurcation; increasing internal coupling conductance could lead to the increase of this outward internal current, whereas the increasing range is so small that it could not qualitatively alter the spike initiation dynamics. These results highlight that neuronal geometric parameter is a crucial factor in determining the spike initiation dynamics to electric fields. The finding is useful to interpret the functional significance of neuronal biophysical properties in their encoding dynamics, which could contribute to uncovering how neuron encodes electric field signals.
An Event-Triggered Online Energy Management Algorithm of Smart Home: Lyapunov Optimization Approach

As an important component of the smart grid on the user side, a home energy management system is the core of optimal operation for a smart home. In this paper, the energy scheduling problem for a household equipped with photovoltaic devices was investigated. An online energy management algorithm based on event triggering was proposed. The Lyapunov optimization method was adopted to schedule controllable load in the household. Without forecasting related variables, real-time decisions were made based only on the current information. Energy could be rapidly regulated under the fluctuation of distributed generation, electricity demand and market price. The event-triggering mechanism was adopted to trigger the execution of the online algorithm, so as to cut down the execution frequency and unnecessary calculation. A comprehensive result obtained from simulation shows that the proposed algorithm could effectively decrease the electricity bills of users. Moreover, the required computational resource is small, which contributes to the low-cost energy management of a smart home.