Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Temporary Contracts on Human Capital Accumulation in Chile

This paper studies the probability of receiving employer-paid training and other training independent of who finances it for permanent and temporary workers in Chile. The authors use data from the Social Protection Survey, EPS, allowing them to construct a panel of workers with information from 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2009. The results suggest that having a temporary contract in Chile reduces the probability of receiving employer-paid training. The survey also finds that this deficit is not compensated by other types of training. This finding is important for two reasons. First, the proportion of temporary workers that obtain an open-ended contract is low. Second, the productivity growth in Chile after 1997 is practically zero and human capital accumulation is one of the factors that might help to recover the path of productivity growth.
Health risk appraisal in older people 7: long-acting benzodiazepine use in community-dwelling older adults in London: is it related to physical or psychological factors?

Aim To investigate whether the use of long-acting benzodiazepines, in individuals aged 65 and over is mediated by physical or psychological factors. Background Long-acting benzodiazepine consumption among older people has implications for mortality, morbidity and cost-effective prescribing. Two models explain benzodiazepine use in this age group, one linked to physical illness and disability and one to psychological factors. Methods Secondary analysis of baseline data from a study of 1059 community-dwelling non-disabled people aged 65 years and over recruited from three general practices in London. For this analysis, use of long-acting benzodiazepines was defined as any self-reported use of diazepam or nitrazepam in the last four weeks. Associations between demographic factors, health service use, and physical and psychological characteristics and benzodiazepine use were investigated. Findings The prevalence of benzodiazepine use in this sample was 3.3% (35/1059). In univariate analyses, benzodiazepine use was associated with female gender, low income, high consultation rates, physical factors (medication for arthritis or joint pain, polypharmacy, difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living, recent pain) and psychological factors (poor self-perceived health, social isolation, and symptoms of anxiety or agitation). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis only two factors retained statistically significant independent associations with benzodiazepine use: receiving only the state pension (OR=4.0, 95% CI: 1.70, 9.80) and pain in the past four weeks (OR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.36, 10.54).
Market Segmentation in the Hospitality Industry

INTRODUCTION This paper (1) reviews market segmentation research forthe period 1950-1 989; (2) analyzes the nature and focus of market segmentation research in order to determine specific areas which have, and have not, been studied; (3) synthesizes and analyzes the current state of the practice of market segmentation in the hospitality industry; and (4) makes recommendations for a research agenda on the topic of market segmentation in the field of hospitality management. The subject of market segmentation is especially a valid research topic at the present time for three reasons. First, increasing amounts of attention have recently been directed toward the subject of market segmentation by both researchers (Lewis, l980,1984a, 1985; Weaver and McCleary, 1984; Mazanec, 1984; Withiam, 1985; Mooney and Penn, 1985; Swinyard and Struman, 1986; Lepsito and McCleary, 1988; Lewis and Chambers, 1989) and practitioners (Yesawich, 1984; Wind, Green, Shiftle and Scarborough, 1988; Laventhal and Horwath, 1987,1988) alike. Second, new and innovative methods of segmentation involving such techniques as flexible and componential approaches are beginning to be used by hospitality organizations, e.g., the Marriott Corporation in the development of their “Courtyard by Marriott” concept. Third,’market segmentation has been seriously misunderstood and confused with such terms and practices as product segmentation, product differentiation and branding in the hospitality industry.
Xor-Overlay Topology Management beyond Kademlia

Kademlia is a widely successful Distributed Hash Table (DHT) implementation, better known for its use in the BitTorrent protocol. In this paper, we revisit its overlay management separately from the DHT operations to allow it to be used with other distributed abstractions by providing an accurate and consistent view of the k-closest nodes to any given identifier. We then present invariants that avoid the irregularities that are necessary with the original k-bucket design and improve on later published solutions by not needing an additional parameter to tune. We then provide a specification of a distributed abstraction that provides the automatic management of routing tables using our invariants and a pseudo-code implementation of that abstraction. We finally sketch how our abstraction may be used for a security mechanism and how it could be combined with other known distributed abstractions to provide other services than file sharing in xor-based overlay networks enabling xor-based network overlays to go beyond their original Kademlia design.
Alprazolam blocks the naloxone-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in man.

Alprazolam (APZ) is a benzodiazepine with unique antidepressant activity for a drug of its class. There is some evidence of inhibition of the unstimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by APZ which may be important in its therapeutic action, and could be detrimental in APZ-treated subjects who encounter stressful stimuli. To assess the effect of APZ on stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion, we studied 14 normal subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. APZ or placebo capsule was administered orally in doses of 0.5 mg and 2 mg, 90 min before either naloxone, 125 micrograms/kg body weight i.v. bolus dose, a known stimulator of ACTH and cortisol release, or placebo. After naloxone stimulation, the area under the plasma ACTH/time curves was significantly reduced by APZ, in both the 2 mg (P < 0.0005) and 0.5 mg (P < 0.005) doses, compared to their respective placebo studies; similar reductions in area under the plasma cortisol/time curves occurred after 2 mg (P < 0.00002) and 0.5 mg (P < 0.0005) APZ doses. We conclude that APZ is a potent inhibitor of naloxone-stimulated ACTH and cortisol release in humans. Since APZ has been shown to inhibit CRH release in vitro, and naloxone-induced ACTH secretion is likely to be caused through CRH release, this suggests that APZ inhibition of naloxone action is via the parvocellular CRH neurons of the paraventricular nucleus and/or central neurotransmitter pathways impinging directly or indirectly on these CRH neurons. Thus APZ may exert at least some of its clinical effects through inhibition of central CRH release. APZ treatment could lead to a relative hyporesponse of the pituitary-adrenal axis during stress. APZ may be an important tool for manipulation of hypothalamic CRH release in studies of pituitary-adrenal function.
Hybrid system of distributed power generation and street lighting based on LEDs: Grid connection

This work proposes an electronic driver for street lighting systems integrated to renewable energy. In recent lighting applications, the use of micro renewable generators in lighting points makes necessary the use of special electronics to handle the bidirectional energy flow in the ballast. The proposed input stage is a topology based on the integration of two flyback converters with different polarities, in order to avoid the use of the input diode bridge rectifying stage, allowing the converter operate with bidirectional energy flow. Thus, this system has two distinct operation modes. The rectifier mode is responsible to supply a street lighting system based on LEDs from de utility grid during the night, and the inverter mode must deliver energy into the power grid provided by a solar panel during the day. This work focuses in the inverter stage, which comprises a boost converter, responsible for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), and a flyback inverter. The present topology is an alternative to standard bidirectional input stages, as it can be used to deliver energy into the power grid, due the avoidance of the input diode bridge.
Nephrin Is Critical for the Action of Insulin on Human Glomerular Podocytes

The leading causes of albuminuria and end-stage renal failure are secondary to abnormalities in the production or cellular action of insulin, including diabetes and hyperinsulinemic metabolic syndrome. The human glomerular podocyte is a critical cell for maintaining the filtration barrier of the kidney and preventing albuminuria. We have recently shown this cell to be insulin sensitive with respect to glucose uptake, with kinetics similar to muscle cells. We now show that the podocyte protein nephrin is essential for this process. Conditionally immortalized podocytes from two different patients with nephrin mutations (natural human nephrin mutant models) were unresponsive to insulin. Knocking nephrin down with siRNA in wild-type podocytes abrogated the insulin response, and stable nephrin transfection of nephrin-deficient podocytes rescued their insulin response. Mechanistically, we show that nephrin allows the GLUT1- and GLUT4-rich vesicles to fuse with the membrane of this cell. Furthermore, we show that the COOH of nephrin interacts with the vesicular SNARE protein VAMP2 in vitro and ex vivo (using yeast-2 hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation studies). This work demonstrates a previously unsuspected role of nephrin in vesicular docking and insulin responsiveness of podocytes.
14.6 A scalable THz 2D phased array with +17dBm of EIRP at 338GHz in 65nm bulk CMOS

In traditional phased arrays as the number of rows and columns increases, the complexity of array connections and phase shifters becomes a major obstacle. This challenge is even more detrimental at mm-Wave and THz frequencies where conductive loss, undesired couplings, phase/gain mismatch, and high power consumption are among many adverse effects of such lengthy connections. To address this issue, this work presents a novel scalable system for THz signal generation and radiation. Figure 14.6. 1 shows the architecture consisting of a 2-D array of coupled oscillating elements. Each oscillator with its antenna forms a small THz radiator. While independently radiating, each element is also unidirectionally connected to its neighboring elements in both horizontal and vertical directions through variable phase shifters, ψrow and ψcol, respectively. This network is inherently scalable because it only relies on couplings with the nearest neighbors and there is no high-frequency global routing to any oscillator. The purpose of this topology is twofold: first to synchronize all the oscillators to a single frequency and next, to set a desired phase shift between the adjacent elements (Δφrow and Δφcol). We can show that by employing this particular coupling structure only a small subset of all the theoretical coupling modes are physically stable. By proper control of the couplings one can ensure the system settles into the desired coupling mode [1].
The Effect of Illicit Drug Use on the Labor Supply of Young Adults

This paper analyzes the effects of illicit drug use on the labor supply of a sample of young adults using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The paper investigates whether the frequency and timing of marijuana and cocaine use are systematically related to labor supply. and presents both cross sectional and longitudinal estimates. The cross sectional results are consistent with those of previous researchers. and suggest that illicit drug use has large, negative effects on labor supply. The longitudinal results. however, suggest that illicit drug use does not have a significant adverse impact on labor supply.
Study of advanced compression tools for stereoscopic video by objective metrics

Nowadays, there are many kinds of technologies to provide multimedia TV content in different formats and picture quality. Three-dimensional (3D) video is one of the next generation TV services with specific features from the video image quality point of view. Naturally, efficient compression tools enabling significant bit rate reduction to ease 3D video distribution are an integral part of any practical 3D video system implementation. In this paper, we present a study of recent and upcoming compression tools for stereoscopic videos. We consider H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), H.264 Annex H - Multiview Video Coding (MVC), H.265 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and H.265 Annex G - Multiview High Efficiency Video Coding (MV-HEVC) video coding formats to process stereoscopic videos with different properties. To compare the performance of considered compression tools, we provide an analysis of the encoded/decoded stereoscopic video quality using objective metrics.
Mapping developmental trajectories of attention and working memory in fragile X syndrome: Developmental freeze or developmental change?

Abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS) has a characteristic cognitive “signature” that by late childhood includes core weaknesses in attention and working memory (WM), but their earlier developmental trajectories remain uncharted. Using a combined cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal design, we tested whether early profiles of attention and WM impairment in FXS indicate developmental freeze or developmental change. In Study 1, 26 young boys with FXS and 55 typically developing (TD) boys completed two experimental paradigms designed to assess cognitive aspects of attention and WM, in addition to behavioral indices of inattention and hyperactivity. Study 2 mapped longitudinal changes in 21 children with FXS and 21 TD children. In Study 1, significant weaknesses emerged for boys with FXS, with no substantial improvement over chronological age. Mapping performance against mental age level revealed delay, but it also yielded a similar attention and WM profile to TD boys. In Study 2, longitudinal improvements for boys with FXS paralleled those in TD children. In conclusion, cognitive attention and WM, although delayed in FXS, reveal developmental change, rather than “arrest. ” Our findings underscore the need for going beyond cross-sectional group comparisons and gross behavioral indices to map cognitive changes longitudinally in developmental disorders.
A game and network perspective on m-business partnerships

Purpose – To examine how partner firms, involved in provisioning m‐business applications and services, manage inter‐firm conflict and cooperation.Design/methodology/approach – Synthesises network analysis and game theory to propose a conceptual model in which to examine the affect of relationship conflict and cooperation on a partnership's business processes. The model is used to examine how Japan's NTT DoCoMo successfully managed its global network of partnerships.Findings – Provides initial support for conceptual linkages between interaction and partner management and the business processes in m‐business partnerships. Suggests that the unit of analysis for studying partnerships should extend beyond the dyadic relationship to a network. The paper also finds support for the use of social control mechanisms as a means in which to safeguard a focal relationship.Research limitations/implications – Characterised by high levels of uncertainty, task complexity and partner diversity, m‐business is an ideal envir.
Fermat's Last Theorem for Rational Exponents

where the first 15/6 is really (e2,i)5/6 e5 ri/3, the second is (el0ri )5/6 e"ri/3, and the third is (e0)5/6 = 1. Thus the equation becomes the more believable e5"i/3 + eri/3 -= 1. As equation (1) makes most of us uncomfortable (and certainly leads to confusion), it behooves us to rewrite the equation an/rm + bn/m= cn/m in the form (al/m)n + (bl/m)n =(cl/m)n and then ask: For what mth roots of positive integers a, b, and c and for what n > 2 with gcd(m, n) = I do we have an + b" = cn? Our main theorem is:
Question-Answering with Logic Specific to Video Games

We present a corpus and a knowledge database aiming at developing Question-Answering in a new context, the open world of a video game. We chose a popular game called ‘Minecraft’, and created a QA corpus with a knowledge database related to this game and the ontology of a meaning representation that will be used to structure this database. We are interested in the logic rules specific to the game, which may not exist in the real world. The ultimate goal of this research is to build a QA system that can answer natural language questions from players by using inference on these game-specific logic rules. The QA corpus is partially composed of online quiz questions and partially composed of manually written variations of the most relevant ones. The knowledge database is extracted from several wiki-like websites about Minecraft. It is composed of unstructured data, such as text, that will be structured using the meaning representation we defined, and already structured data such as infoboxes. A preliminary examination of the data shows that players are asking creative questions about the game, and that the QA corpus can be used for clustering verbs and linking them to predefined actions in the game.
Mengartikulasikan Tabel Input-Output dan Kerangka Analisisnya

Input -Output (I-O) table can be used to analyse economic projection and present some service and good transactions in production activities, final demand, and bruto added value (BAV). I-O table can help to analyse government policy, such as impact analysis to output, bruto added value, and worker needed.
DesUni: university entrepreneurship education through design thinking

Purpose – In recent years there has been growing focus on the innovative and profit generating value of design thinking in a businesses. This attention is also reflected in business education. The basic thesis is that design thinking is particular relavant to entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this paper is to propose a teaching model, named the DesUni model. The model suggests a novel design-oriented approach to entrepreneurship education. Design/methodology/approach – This paper relies on the interfaces between the literatures on entrepreneurship education and design thinking. From reviewing and synthesizing these literatures new insights are offered into how to develop entrepreneurship education through design thinking. Findings – The DesUni teaching model offers a significant shift in paradigm changing the traditional didactic assumptions of entrepreneurship education. It involves a change in curriculum, teaching methods, use of knowledge, teaching style, teacher-student relations, culture, ha.
Uncoating of influenza virus in endosomes

The intracellular uncoating site of influenza virus was studied by measuring the fluorescence intensity of probes conjugated to the virus or the isolated hemagglutinin and also by assaying virus replication under various incubation conditions. Acidification of the viral environment was monitored by the decrease in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate, and transport of the virus particles into secondary lysosomes was assayed by the increase in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate diphosphate. The intracellular pH was estimated by the ratio of fluorescence intensities excited at two different wavelengths. It was found that the viral environment became acidified to a pH value of 5.1 to 5.2 within 10 min at 37 degrees C or 1 h at 20 degrees C after endocytosis. Addition of ammonium chloride to the medium rapidly raised the pH to 6.7. Transport of the virus particles into the secondary lysosomes was slower and negligibly low during those incubation periods. Virus replication occurred when the cells were incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C or for 1 h at 20 degrees C, followed by incubation in the presence of ammonium chloride for a total of 12 h. These results indicate the uncoating of influenza virus in endosomes before reaching the secondary lysosomes.
The Molecular Structure of Hyperthermostable Aromatic Aminotransferase with Novel Substrate Specificity from Pyrococcus horikoshii *

Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArATPh), which has a melting temperature of 120 °C, is one of the most thermostable aminotransferases yet to be discovered. The crystal structure of this aminotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii was determined to a resolution of 2.1 Å. ArATPh has a homodimer structure in which each subunit is composed of two domains, in a manner similar to other well characterized aminotransferases. By the least square fit after superposing on a mesophilic ArAT, the ArATPh molecule exhibits a large deviation of the main chain coordinates, three shortened α-helices, an elongated loop connecting two domains, and a long loop transformed from an α-helix, which are all factors that are likely to contribute to its hyperthermostability. The pyridine ring of the cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate covalently binding to Lys233 is stacked parallel to F121 on one side and interacts with the geminal dimethyl-CH/π groups of Val201 on the other side. This tight stacking against the pyridine ring probably contributes to the hyperthermostability of ArATPh. Compared with other ArATs, ArATPh has a novel substrate specificity, the order of preference being Tyr > Phe > Glu > Trp > His ≫ Met > Leu > Asp > Asn. Its relatively weak activity against Asp is due to lack of an arginine residue corresponding to Arg292* (where the asterisk indicates that this is a residues supplied by the other subunit of the dimer) in pig cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. The enzyme recognizes the aromatic substrate by hydrophobic interaction with aromatic rings (Phe121 and Tyr59*) and probably recognizes acidic substrates by a hydrophilic interaction involving a hydrogen bond network with Thr264*.
A Note on International Real Interest Rate Differentials

Abstrac t-This note empirically examines the issue of real interest rate equalization across countries. The equality of real interest rates is implied by two frequently employed concepts of equilibrium in international asset (capital) and commodity markets and imposes certain time series restrictions on ex post real interest rates. Statistical tests of these restrictions strongly reject the hypothesis that real interest rates have been equal across countries.