Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Owner's Manual to “Ownership”: A Reply to Lachapelle and McCool

In a recent article in Society & Natural Resources, Lachapelle and McCool (2005) argue for developing the concept of ‘‘ownership’’ to address challenges and shortcomings in natural resource planning. The principal challenge they identify is ‘‘multiple and competing values and goals,’’ and the shortcomings include ‘‘one-way dissemination of information,’’ ‘‘disjointed execution of mandated planning phases,’’ and ‘‘grandstanding and political posturing. ’’ The concept of ownership—‘‘the association of citizens and agencies to collectively define, share, and address problem situations with an implicit redistribution of power’’ (p. 283)–is offered as a new, more productive direction for natural resource planning. They build on the idea of ownership as it is raised in the literature on collaborative processes for natural resource planning and management (e.g., Wondolleck and Yaffee 2000) and describe three characteristics to develop the definition of ownership: ownership in process, outcomes, and distribution. The authors were forthcoming in their objective to ‘‘stimulate discourse about this emerging concept. ’’ We found the article stimulating because the concept of ownership resonates with us (we have advanced similar ideas under the rubrics of community-based conservation [Minteer and Manning 2003a, 2003b] and participatory policy analysis [Haight and Ginger 2000]), and also because it raises important issues in natural resource planning. If principles of ownership are to guide natural resource planning, these issues must be addressed. Moreover, we believe that these principles can be strengthened by a directed program of social science research. In our reply to Lachapelle and McCool, we respond to issues raised by their paper and identify questions that might contribute to social science research in this arena.
Cost-sensitive one-vs-one ensemble for multi-class imbalanced data

Learning from imbalanced data poses significant challenges for machine learning algorithms, as they need to deal with uneven distribution of examples in the training set. As standard classifiers will be biased towards the majority class there exist a need for specific methods than can overcome this single-class dominance. Most of works concentrated on binary problems, where majority and minority class can be distinguished. But a more challenging problem arises when imbalance is present within multi-class datasets, as relations between classes tend to complicate. One class can be a minority class for some, while a majority for others. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for handling such scenarios, that combines the problem decomposition with cost-sensitive learning. According to divide-and-conquer rule, we decompose our multi-class data into a number of binary subproblems using one-versus-one approach. To each simplified task we delegate a cost-sensitive neural network with moving threshold. It relies on scaling the output of the classifier with a given cost function. This way, we adjust our support functions towards the minority class. We propose a novel method for automatically determining the cost, based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. This way we can estimate the cost matrix for each class pair independently. Then using a dedicated classifier fusion approach, we reconstruct the original multi-class problem. Experimental analysis backed-up with statistical testing clearly proves that such an approach is superior to state-of-the art ad-hoc and decomposition methods used in the literature.
Computation over fading multiple-access channels based on free deconvolution

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable the collection of physical measurements over a large geographic area. It is often the case that the authors are interested in computing and tracking the spatial-average of a function of the sensor measurements over a region covered by the WSN. Unfortunately, conventional methods need a large number of channel uses for collecting sensor data in the case of a large amount of sensors. They propose a novel computation scheme over fading multiple-access channels based on the asymptotic free behaviour of random matrices and the property of limit spectrum distribution of random matrices. The proposed scheme can greatly reduce the channel uses and does not need channel estimation. Moreover, the performance evaluations over multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) and MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system demonstrate that the proposed method offers reliable mean computation of common functions of sensor data even for the case of small sample sizes.
Battery-aware static scheduling for distributed real-time embedded systems

This paper addresses battery-aware static scheduling in battery-powered distributed real-time embedded systems. As suggested by previous work, reducing the discharge current level and shaping its distribution are essential for extending the battery lifespan. We propose two battery-aware static scheduling schemes. The first one optimizes the discharge power profile in order to maximize the utilization of the battery capacity. The second one targets distributed systems composed of voltage-scalable processing elements (PEs). It performs variable-voltage scheduling via efficient slack time re-allocation, which helps reduce the average discharge power consumption as well as flatten the discharge power profile. Both schemes guarantee the hard real-time constraints and precedence relationships in the real-time distributed embedded system specification. Based on previous work, we develop a battery lifespan evaluation metric which is aware of the shape of the discharge power profile. Our experimental results show that the battery lifespan can be increased by up to 29% by optimizing the discharge power profile alone. Our variable-voltage scheme increases the battery lifespan by up to 76% over the non-voltage-scalable scheme and by up to 56% over the variable-voltage scheme without slack-time re-allocation.
MODELING OF ROUGHNESS EFFECT ON LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Complex systems science: Dreams of universality, interdisciplinarity reality

Using a large database (∼215,000 records) of relevant articles, we empirically study the complex systems field and its claims to find universal principles applying to systems in general. The study of references shared by the articles allows us to obtain a global point of view on the structure of this highly interdisciplinary field. We show that its overall coherence does not arise from a universal theory, but instead from computational techniques and fruitful adaptations of the idea of self-organization to specific systems. We also find that communication between different disciplines goes through specific “trading zones,” i.e., subcommunities that create an interface around specific tools (a DNA microchip) or concepts (a network). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High rate of long‐term virological response after a 1‐year course of interferon ± ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C relapsers. Results of a 191 patients randomized trial

We investigated the long‐term efficacy of a 12‐month course of interferon (IFN)+ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C relapsers. We randomized 191 relapsers with a 2:1 ratio to receive 3 million units three times a week of interferon alpha (IFN α)‐2b+ribavirin (1–1.2 g/day) (group A=127 patients) or IFN α‐2b (group B=60 patients) of same dosage and duration for 1 year. General and hepatitis C data of group A and B patients were similar. The main goal of the study was to determine the rate of sustained virological response evaluated 1 year after treatment.
Estimation of the tissue damage after MI through time-frequency analysis of the electromechanical signals

Abstract Coronary congestion is a heart disease that puts many lives at risk each year. The task of coronary arteries is to distribute blood to the heart tissue and any blockage in them can cause the tissue to absorb less oxygen and nutrients than needed (ischaemia disease). This imbalance will continue until the first cell is destroyed (myocardial infarction). Simulating the myocardial infarction in the laboratory rats, this study tries to determine the extent of tissue damage through the electrocardiogram (ECG) and atrial blood pressure (ABP) synchronic signals. The signals of 50 wistar rats with a weight range of 200–300 g were recorded at 30 min in the normal case and 30 min in the ischaemia and myocardial infarction (MI) case (the artificial complete blockage was in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)). For a different injury in the rats’ heart, the vasopressin (AVP) with different doses was injected to 40 rats. After that the images of the heart sections and the data were extracted, the 50-dimensional feature vector was generated by using the wavelet packet transform (WPT) on the ECG and ABP signals and also by obtaining the entropy of the wavelet coefficients. The extent of tissue damage on the images of the heart tissue was extracted by using the image processing method. Finally, the amount of the damaged tissue was estimated by four artificial neural networks (ANN) (with different structures) with an averaging criterion. The intelligent machine estimated the ischaemia and normal tissues with the average error of 2.91% for all the AVP doses and control cases.
A Novel Digital Watermarking Method for New Viewpoint Video Based on Depth Map

With the development of the theory of new viewpoint generation, a lot of methods such as GBR(geometry-based rendering) and IBR (image-based rending) became hot subjects. However, there isn't any watermarking method for them. In this paper, we propose firstly a watermarking method for the new viewpoint video frame generated by DIBR (depth image-based rendering). For the sake of preserving the watermark info during the generation of the new viewpoint video frame, we choose the blocks in foreground object of original video frame to embed the watermark since pixels in this kind of object are more probably to be preserved in the warping, therefore the watermark could also be preserved well. The experiment results have proved that the proposed watermarking method may solve the watermarking problem of new viewpoint video frame generated by DIBR without affecting the quality of the image much.
A Case-Based Look at Healthy Weight Loss for Survivors of Cancer

The AP plays a vital role in helping cancer survivors achieve and maintain a healthy weight. The AP must maintain an accurate knowledge base of the current diet trends and their safety. When considering weight-loss medications or alternative methods as part of a patient’s regimen, the AP must weigh both the risks and the benefits and effectively communicate them to the patient. Counseling, support, and referrals to a registered dietitian are all part of the oncology AP’s role.
THE SUBHALO–SATELLITE CONNECTION AND THE FATE OF DISRUPTED SATELLITE GALAXIES

In the standard paradigm, satellite galaxies are believed to be associated with the population of dark matter subhalos. The assumption usually made is that the relationship between satellite galaxies and subhalos is similar to that between central galaxies and host halos. In this paper, we use the conditional stellar mass functions of satellite galaxies obtained from a large galaxy group catalog together with models of the subhalo mass functions to explore the consequences of such assumption in connection to the stellar mass function of satellite galaxies and the fraction and fate of stripped stars from satellites in galaxy groups and clusters of different masses. The majority of the stripped stars in massive halos are predicted to end up as intracluster stars, and the predicted amounts of the intracluster component as a function of the velocity dispersion of galaxy system match well the observational results obtained by Gonzalez et al. (). The fraction of the mass in the stripped stars to that remain bound in the central and satellite galaxies is the highest (∼40% of the total stellar mass) in halos with masses Mh ∼ 1014 h−1 M☉. If all these stars end up in the intracluster component (Max), or a maximum amount of these stars is accreted into the central galaxy (Min), then the maximum fraction of the total stars in the whole universe that is in the diffused intracluster component is ∼19%, and the minimum is ∼5%. In the case of “Max,” the stellar mass of the intracluster component in massive halos with Mh ∼ 1015 h−1 M☉ is roughly six times as large as that of the central galaxy. This factor decreases to ∼2, 1, and 0.1 in halos with Mh ∼ 1014, 1013, and 1012 h−1 M☉, respectively. The total amount of stars stripped from satellite galaxies is insufficient to build up the central galaxies in halos with masses ≲1012.5 h−1 M☉, and so the quenching of star formation must occur in halos with higher masses. In semianalytical models and simulations that do not resolve the diffused component, caution must be exercised when using the observed stellar mass/luminosity function of galaxies to constrain the star formation, feedback and merger processes in dark matter halos.
Code Characterization for Automated User Interface Creation

Automatic generation of the user interface can simplify development of the computer applications. It can help in the development for various target platforms or in simpler testing and algorithm debugging as the user interface can be created for the actual code and platform taking into account many properties. Process of the automatic generation of the user interface can be supported by the data and code characterization. In this article, an innovative approach using the data and code characterization is presented. The characterization taxonomy, the mechanisms, and algorithms describing how the data and code characteristics are loaded, the way how objects are transformed into abstract and specific user interface elements, and the process of finalizing user interface is briefly described. As an example, simple media player is described in every step of the user interface generation process.
In Vitro Interactions between Antifungals and Immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus

ABSTRACT The optimal treatment for invasive aspergillosis remains elusive, despite the increased efficacy of newer agents. The immunosuppressants cyclosporine (CY), tacrolimus (FK506), and sirolimus (formerly called rapamycin) exhibit in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including fungicidal synergy with azole antifungals. We report here that both FK506 and CY exhibit a clear in vitro positive interaction with caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion, microdilution checkerboard, and gross and microscopic morphological analyses. Microscopic morphological analyses indicate that the calcineurin inhibitors delay filamentation, and in combination with caspofungin there is a positive interaction. Our findings suggest a potential role for combination therapy with calcineurin pathway inhibitors and existing antifungal agents to augment activity against A. fumigatus.
Minimizing Writes in Parallel External Memory Search

Recent research on external-memory search has shown that disks can be effectively used as secondary storage when performing large breadth-first searches. We introduce the Write-Minimizing Breadth-First Search (WMBFS) algorithm which is designed to minimize the number of writes performed in an external-memory BFS. WMBFS is also designed to store the results of the BFS for later use. We present the results of a BFS on a single-agent version of Chinese Checkers and the Rubik's Cube edge cubes, state spaces with about 1 trillion states each. In evaluating against a comparable approach, WMBFS reduces the I/O for the Chinese Checkers domain by over an order of magnitude. In Rubik's cube, in addition to reducing I/O, the search is also 3.5 times faster. Analysis of the results suggests the machine and state-space properties necessary for WMBFS to perform well.
Stability Analysis and Design of a Fuzzy-Model-Based Controller in Switched Systems

This paper describes a design problem of the controller in switched systems. A switched system is a hybrid dynamical system consisting of continuous-time subsystems and a rule that controls the switching between them. The uncer- tainties of stability in the switching surface is a very sufficient problem in designing a switching-type controller. The stability analysis in the switching surface and designing a fuzzy-model-based controller of the switched system are represented in this paper. Takagi-Sugeno(TS) Fuzzy model and Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs) are used in order to develop the proposed idea. Simulation examples are included for ensuring the proposed control method.
Size Effects on Sheet-Metal Formability for Miniature Parts

Due to the rapid progress of industrial development, the formation of lightweight and small-size parts is becoming increasingly important. Especially in the IC and 3C industry, the sheet metal forming of miniature parts is especially interesting. Size effects such as specimen dimension, blank thickness, punch corner dimension, grain size, and grid dimension (for strain measurement), as well as the microstructure of material and surface condition all seriously influence the forming of miniature parts. In this paper, systematic experiments including Erichsen stretch forming and hydraulic bulge, and strain analyzers including for circular and rectangular grids are described for establishing the relationships of sheet metal formability to process parameters. The details of the experimental procedures and results are presented and discussed.
Relations between the intracellular pathways of the receptors for transferrin, asialoglycoprotein, and mannose 6-phosphate in human hepatoma cells

We compared the intracellular pathways of the transferrin receptor (TfR) with those of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR)/insulin-like growth factor II receptor during endocytosis in Hep G2 cells. Cells were allowed to endocytose a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase and transferrin (Tf/HRP) via the TfR system. Postnuclear supernatants of homogenized cells were incubated with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and H2O2. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of DAB within Tf/HRP-containing endosomes cross-linked their contents to DAB polymer. The cross-linking efficiency was dependent on the intravesicular Tf/HRP concentration. The loss of detectable receptors from samples of cell homogenates treated with DAB/H2O2 was used as a measure of colocalization with Tf/HRP. To compare the distribution of internalized plasma membrane receptors with Tf/HRP, cells were first surface-labeled with 125I at 0 degrees C. After uptake of surface 125I-labeled receptors at 37 degrees C in the presence of Tf/HRP, proteinase K was used at 0 degrees C to remove receptors remaining at the plasma membrane. Endocytosed receptors were isolated by means of immunoprecipitation. 125I-TfR and 125I-ASGPR were not sorted from endocytosed Tf/HRP. 125I-MPR initially also resided in Tf/HRP-containing compartments, however 70% was sorted from the Tf/HRP pathway between 20 and 45 min after uptake. To study the accessibility of total intracellular receptor pools to endocytosed Tf/HRP, nonlabeled cells were used, and the receptors were detected by means of Western blotting. The entire intracellular TfR population, but only 70 and 50% of ASGPR and MPR, respectively, were accessible to endocytosed Tf/HRP. These steady-state levels were reached by 10 min of continuous Tf/HRP uptake at 37 degrees C. We conclude that 30% of the intracellular ASGPR pool is not involved in endocytosis (i.e., is silent). Double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy on DAB-labeled cells showed a considerable pool of ASGPR in secretory albumin-positive, Tf/HRP-negative, trans-Golgi reticulum. We suggest that this pool represents the silent ASGPR that has been biochemically determined. A model of receptor transport routes is presented and discussed.
Dual Role for Fas Ligand in the Initiation of and Recovery from Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

We have previously demonstrated a role for Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, using an active induction paradigm we could not distinguish between FasL expressed on activated CD4+ T cells from that expressed on other inflammatory or resident central nervous system (CNS) cells. To address this issue, we have conducted reciprocal adoptive transfer experiments of nontransgenic or myelin basic protein–specific T cell receptor transgenic wild-type, lpr, or gld lymphocytes into congenic wild-type, lpr, and gld hosts. We found that FasL expressed on donor cells is important for the development of EAE, as FasL-deficient lymphocytes transfer attenuated disease. Furthermore, Fas expressed in the recipient animals is important for the progression of EAE, as clinical signs of disease in lpr recipients were dramatically attenuated after transfer of either wild-type or lpr T cells. Surprisingly, these experiments also identified CNS cells as a source of functional FasL. Host-derived FasL appears to be especially important in the recovery from EAE, as many gld recipients of wild-type lymphocytes develop prolonged clinical signs of disease. Thus it appears that FasL plays distinct roles in EAE during the initiation of and recovery from disease.
Radiometric modeling of cavernous targets to assist in the determination of absolute temperature for input to process models

Determining the temperature of an internal surface within cavernous targets, such as the interior wall of a mechanical draft cooling tower, from remotely sensed imagery is important for many surveillance applications that provide input to process models. The surface leaving radiance from an observed target is a combination of the self-emitted radiance and the reflected background radiance. The self-emitted radiance component is a function of the temperature-dependent blackbody radiation and the view-dependent directional emissivity. The reflected background radiance component depends on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the surface, the incident radiance from surrounding sources, and the BRDF for each of these background sources. Inside a cavity, the background radiance emanating from any of the multiple internal surfaces will be a combination of the self-emitted and reflected energy from the other internal surfaces as well as the downwelling sky radiance. This scenario provides for a complex radiometric inversion problem in order to arrive at the absolute temperature of any of these internal surfaces. The cavernous target has often been assumed to be a blackbody, but in field experiments it has been determined that this assumption does not always provide an accurate surface temperature. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) modeling tool is being used to represent a cavity target. The model demonstrates the dependence of the radiance reaching the sensor on the emissivity of the internal surfaces and the multiple internal interactions between all the surfaces that make up the overall target. The cavity model is extended to a detailed model of a mechanical draft cooling tower. The predictions of derived temperature from this model are compared to those derived from actual infrared imagery collected with a helicopter-based broadband infrared imaging system collected over an operating tower located at the Savannah River National Laboratory site.