Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Password Cybersecurity Through Inexpensive and Minimally Invasive Means: Detecting and Deterring Password Reuse Through Keystroke-Dynamics Monitoring and Just-in-Time Fear Appeals

Password reuse – using the same password for multiple accounts – is a prevalent phenomenon that can make even the most secure systems vulnerable. When passwords are reused across multiple systems, hackers may compromise accounts by stealing passwords from low-security sites to access sites with higher security. Password reuse can be particularly threatening to users in developing countries in which cybersecurity training is limited, law enforcement of cybersecurity is non-existent, or in which programs to secure cyberspace are limited. This article proposes a two-pronged solution for reducing password reuse through detection and mitigation. First, based on the theories of routine, cognitive load and motor movement, we hypothesize that password reuse can be detected by monitoring characteristics of users' typing behavior (i.e. keystroke dynamics). Second, based on protection motivation theory, we hypothesize that providing just-in-time fear appeals when a violation is detected will decrease password reuse. We tested our hypotheses in an experiment and found that users' keystroke dynamics are diagnostic of password reuse. By analyzing changes in typing patterns, we were able to detect password reuse with 81.71% accuracy. We also found that just-in-time fear appeals decrease password reuse; 88.41% of users who received a fear appeal subsequently created unique passwords, whereas only 4.45% of users who did not receive a fear appeal created unique passwords. Our results suggest that future research should continue to examine keystroke dynamics as an indicator of cybersecurity behaviors and use just-in-time fear appeals as a method for reducing non-secure behavior. The findings of our research provide a practical and cost-effective solution to bolster cybersecurity through discouraging password reuse.
Measuring Compliance with Executive Remuneration Standards at Controlled Corporations

In this paper we analyze the relationship between conformity to executive remuneration standards, corporate ownership, and the level and structure of CEO compensation for large European listed companies in the years 2007 and 2010. We show that controlled corporations, either family or State owned, conform to executive remuneration standards less than widely held firms. We also show that weaker compliance is associated with lower CEO pay and more “conservative” incentive structures. We interpret this “conformity gap” from the perspective of individual firms and from a societal perspective, with the aim to contribute to frame the policy questions concerning executive pay at controlled corporations. Different policy implications depend on whether the conformity gap reflects a lower need for managerial incentives, given the monitoring by controlling shareholders, or the latter’s willingness to extract private benefits of control. We argue in this paper that the former hypothesis seems to prevail, so that regulators should abstain from increasing the level of enforcement of executive remuneration standards.
Problems in Service Operations with Heterogeneous Customers

Problems in Service Operations with Heterogeneous Customers Mojtaba Araghi Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Rotman School of Management University of Toronto 2014 We study three problems in service operations with heterogeneous customers. In Chapter 2, we consider the problem of locating facilities of two types at nodes of a tree network, where each facility incurs a fixed cost. Customers may need just one type of service, or both types. It is required to minimize the sum of the total transportation and fixed costs. For the problem with a single facility of each type, we present an O(n) exact algorithm, and for the problem with multiple facilities of each type, we present an O(n) algorithm. In Chapter 3, we study the problem of maximizing profits for an inbound call center with abandonment by controlling customer acquisition, retention, and service quality via promotions, priorities, and staffing. This chapter makes four contributions. First, we develop a novel marketing-operations model of a call center that captures the evolution of the customer base as a function of past demand and queueing-related service quality. Second, we characterize the optimal controls analytically based on a deterministic fluid approximation and show via simulation that these prescriptions yield near-optimal performance for the underlying stochastic model. Third, we derive three metrics which play a key role in call center decisions and link customer and financial parameters with operational service quality, reflecting the system load and the priority policy. Fourth, we generate novel guidelines on managing a call center based on these metrics, the cost of promotions, and the capacity cost per call. In Chapter 4, we extend our call center model by considering a firm that follows a
Association between television viewing and sleep problems during adolescence and early adulthood.

BACKGROUND Although research has suggested that extensive television viewing may be associated with sleep problems, the direction of this association has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE To investigate directional hypotheses regarding the association between television viewing and sleep problems during adolescence and early adulthood. DESIGN The Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A community-based sample of 759 mothers from upstate New York and their offspring were interviewed during the early adolescence (mean age, 14 years), middle adolescence (mean age, 16 years), and early adulthood of the offspring (mean age, 22 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Television viewing and sleep problems during adolescence and early adulthood measured using the Disorganizing Poverty Interview and the age-appropriate versions of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. RESULTS Adolescents who watched 3 or more hours of television per day during adolescence were at a significantly elevated risk for frequent sleep problems by early adulthood. This elevation in risk remained significant after offspring age, sex, previous sleep problems, offspring psychiatric disorders, offspring neglect, parental educational level, parental annual income, and parental psychiatric symptoms were controlled statistically. Adolescents who reduced their television viewing from 1 hour or longer to less than 1 hour per day experienced a significant reduction in risk for subsequent sleep problems. Sleep problems during adolescence were not independently associated with subsequent television viewing when prior television viewing was controlled. CONCLUSION Extensive television viewing during adolescence may contribute to the development of sleep problems by early adulthood.
Age at puberty and adult blood pressure and body size in a British birth cohort study

Objective To investigate the association between age at puberty and blood pressure at age 53 years. Design A prospective birth cohort study with regular contacts through childhood and adulthood until the age of 53 years. Participants A total of 1193 men and 1204 women, from a sample of 5362 born in Britain in March 1946. Main outcome measure Blood pressure at age 53 years. Results Regression models indicated that men who had reached puberty latest had a lower mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.01) at 53 years than others. The mean SBP (95% confidence interval) was 6.4 mmHg (1.8, 10.9) greater in the earliest puberty group compared with the latest; for DBP the difference was 4.6 mmHg (1.9, 7.4). The associations were not accounted for by current body size, even though later puberty was associated with a decreasing body mass index (BMI) at 53 years. Neither were they accounted for by prepubertal body size, birth weight, or childhood and adult social class. Although women who reached puberty early had a higher BMI and shorter stature at 53 years compared with other women, they did not have higher blood pressure. Conclusions Better health behaviours in men reaching puberty late may explain the association between age at puberty and blood pressure. Alternatively, age at puberty may be a marker of the whole growth trajectory, distinguishing characteristics important in the later development of high blood pressure. The association of early puberty with high adult BMI in both sexes highlights the importance of controlling obesity in those who mature early.
Microengineered CH3NH3PbI3 Nanowire/Graphene Phototransistor for Low-Intensity Light Detection at Room Temperature.

The first hybrid phototransistors are reported where the performance of a network of photoactive CH3NH3PbI3 nanowires is enhanced by CVD-grown monolayer graphene. These devices show responsivities as high as ≈2.6 × 106 A W-1 in the visible range, showing potential as room-temperature single-electron detectors. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Social Networking Interaction In Foreign Language Teaching To Non-Linguistic Learners

This study investigates the practical experience of using social networking interaction for educational purposes. The feedback elicited from 82 members of the social networking “closed” “Flyingcats English” group was analyzed. The main findings reveal that social networking interaction allows to achieve certain teaching goals and meet learning needs of the digital generation of learners. Social networking interaction supplements the face-to-face classes and accumulates the best features of the Blended Learning technology such as round-the-clock and round-the-world availability and accessibility of training materials, ease of usage, enhancement of learning strategies and self-organization, increase of learners’ autonomy, eco-friendliness. The study highlighted that social networking interaction is able to perform informative, managerial, communicative, instructional, training, creative, productive, promotional, and inspirational functions. In summary, social networking interaction turns out to be a powerful motivational tool which encourages extrinsically motivated learners to become interested in improving skills and enhancing foreign language competence. The study found that an increase of the teacher’s time spent on electronic materials development and online activities represents a relative inconvenience of using social networks for educational purposes. Although, this inconvenience can be compensated by the fact that a great number of the teacher-made materials appear to be Reusable Learning Objects and can be used on a long term basis.
A Horn-to-Horn Power Transmission System at Terahertz Frequencies

A horn-to-horn power transmission system at Terahertz frequencies has been designed and tested. Power is generated at microwave frequencies and then frequency multiplied to the band 799-938 GHz. The resultant signal is radiated by a diagonal horn and redirected by two identical elliptical mirrors to another diagonal horn located far away. Useful design equations have been derived for the proposed system. The concept has been proven by careful measurements and utilized for the local oscillator injection in the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band-10 receiver.
Context-aware cognitive radio using deep learning

This paper describes the design, experimental assessmant and Software Defined Radio (SDR) implementation of a Secondary User (SU) link for the IEEE DySPAN Challenge 2017. The objective is to successfully discern the behavior of and coexist with a Primary User (PU), whose channel access patterns vary over time. For that end, we utilize sensing, deep learning and dynamic optimization.
The Analysis of the Influences of Sales of Merchandise Based on the Decision Tree

E-commerce, as a new business model, has become a main sales model now. Exploring the historical data of merchandise sales means a lot to the sales of products . Nowadays there has a new research tendency which is to apply the data mining algorithm to the sales of merchandise . The article herein will use the C4.5 algorithm of decision tree and prime attributes of merchandise to build the model of decision tree, then accomplish the analysis of influences of merchandise sales. The model of merchandise sales can effectively gain the main influences of merchandise and rules of sale through examples and decision tree.
A novel method to obtain proximal plethysmographic information from distal measurements using the impedance plethysmogram

Abstract We present a novel method to detect proximal volume changes based on the impedance plethysmogram (IPG) measured from limb to limb with two electrode pairs symmetrically placed at distal areas of the upper or the lower limbs. Since the measurement is sensitive to changes along the whole current path, this method allows us to detect changes in arteries that are more proximal to the torso than the measurement sites. Our results show that the Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) measured from the R peak of the ECG to the hand-to-hand IPG is close to the PAT to the elbow whereas the PAT measured from the R peak of the ECG to the foot-to-foot IPG is close to the PAT to the knee. This opens new avenues for noninvasive cardiovascular measurements based only on electrodes in contact with hands or feet.
Examining the effects of knowledge, environmental concern, attitudes and cultural characteristics on Kuwaiti consumers' purchasing behavior of environmentally sustainable apparel

This study examined the effects of knowledge of apparel and textile (AT) manufacturing’s impacts on the environment, environmental concern, attitudes toward environmentally sustainable apparel (ESA), and the cultural characteristics of adult, female Kuwaiti nationals on purchasing behaviors of ESA. This study was conducted because Kuwait is a large consumer market for apparel goods and there was a gap in the existing literature on sustainable apparel with regards to Kuwait. To measure the independent variables of knowledge related to the environmental impacts of AT manufacturing, environmental concern, attitudes towards ESA, and the cultural characteristics of Kuwaiti women on the dependent variable of ESA purchase behavior intentions, a mixed methods approach was used. This mixed method approach included a survey instrument featuring five different scales to acquire data through quantitative methods on a population of Kuwaitis acquired through snowball sampling. Semistructured interviews were then utilized to acquire further data for a qualitative data analysis. The results were then analyzed through descriptive statistics, regressions, and coding. The data analysis of the quantitative survey responses of the female Kuwaiti nationals showed that their level of knowledge on the environmental impacts of the AT industry was low, their level of environmental concern was neutral, their ESA attitudes were neutral, and their ESA purchase intentions were slightly positive. Regression results found that environmental concern had no relationship with ESA attitudes, knowledge about AT related environmental issues positively influenced ESA attitudes, and both knowledge about AT related environmental issues and ESA attitudes had a positive influence on ESA purchase intentions. Additionally, the cultural dimensions of the surveyed population showed high power distance and collectivism, low longterm orientation and uncertainty avoidance, and intermediate levels of masculinity and indulgence. The qualitative interview revealed that Kuwaiti culture is strongly influenced by the Islamic religion, and the culture supports high levels of consumerism and ostentatious consumption. A majority of qualitative participants did not express any attitudes toward ESA, and none of the participants had purchased ESA products previously. This could be because female Kuwaiti nationals are limited in their knowledge related to AT environmental risks and are generally unaware of ESA and its purpose. The study’s data could be used to provide educators with information through which to tailor curricula towards the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Kuwaiti nationals. Additionally, this information could be essential for manufacturers and retailers of ESA products, so that they can produce and sell ESA affectively in Kuwait. EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF KNOWLEDGE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN, ATTITUDES AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS ON KUWAITI CONSUMERS' PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE APPAREL
A Visual Query Language for Graphical Interaction with Schema-Intensive Databases

This paper presents a visual query language called VQL for interacting with an object-oriented schema-intensive data model. VQL allows convenient access to the various types of knowledge captured by the semantic model. It consists of a set of "graphical primitives" along with a combination grammar for creating graphical queries. The visual language is internally supported by a prolog-like predicate based query language. The formal grammar underlying the predicate based language is also presented. Apart from being able to create simple queries that can be specified in SQL or QBE, VQL can be used for making queries on any object-oriented data model including the generalization of the E-R model. VQL also handles complicated, indirect queries, specially those that require a reasoning system for query interpretation and response generation. Further, recursive queries on graph structures such as finding transitive closures of graphs may be easily specified. Perhaps the most powerful feature of VQL is its ability to provide high semantic expressibility (in being able to specify highly complex queries) while maintaining simplicity in the user's query formulation process. VQL is embedded in an object-oriented graphical database interaction environment that supports schema creation and manipulation in addition to database querying and updation. The prototype has been implemented in Smalltalk-80 running on a Sun 3/60 workstation. All the illustrations of visual interaction presented are taken from actual interaction sessions. >
Understanding Phishing and Phishing Techniques in Client-Side Web-Based Systems

As auspicious as the technology is, the bane of the internet has always been the constant threats of online identity theft and other forms of fraud prevalent on the information highway. Phishing is a form of internet fraud in which emails and websites that are purportedly from legitimate organisations and agencies are used to deceive users into disclosing personal or financial information. Despite the plethora of anti-spam filters that are readily available today, phishing emails are still able to bypass such measures and find their ways into users’ inboxes. This challenge at the client side of the web-based infrastructure is prevalent as clients are at varying levels of usage and knowledge of internet infrastructure. This paper takes a look at the phishing scenario by examining why it works. We provide extensive insights into extant literature in the subject domain as a basis for the development of tools to mitigate phishing and assisting users understand phishing attacks.
Production of Online Word‐of‐Mouth: Peer Effects and the Moderation of User Characteristics

We study peer effects on individuals’ contributions to a major form of word of mouth—online reviews. Provided by either consumers or third‐party professionals, online reviews influence consumer purchasing decisions and hence sales. Individuals have conflicting incentives of free riding and contributing to social capital when writing reviews. We leverage a “natural experiment,” which led to an exogenous expansion in the user population of a major online review platform, to better understand the trade‐off. Our empirical findings are mainly twofold. First, we find that a larger population of audience and peer review writers, an immediate consequence of the exogenous shock, cause individuals to write more reviews with higher quality and assign higher but also more diverse ratings. In addition, we find heterogeneity in peer effects by user activeness, expertise, and popularity. Our findings have implications for companies in managing online feedbacks and for platforms that rely on user contributions.
JKCS 041: a Coma cluster progenitor at z = 1.803

Using deep two-color near-infrared HST imaging and unbiased grism spectroscopy, we present a detailed study of the z = 1.803 JKCS 041 cluster. We confirm, for the first time for a high-redshift cluster, a mass of log M ≳ 14.2 in solar units using four different techniques based on the X-ray temperature, the X-ray luminosity, the gas mass, and the cluster richness. JKCS 041 is thus a progenitor of a local system like the Coma cluster. Our rich dataset and the abundant population of 14 spectroscopically confirmed red-sequence galaxies allows us to explore the past star formation history of this system in unprecedented detail. Our most interesting result is a prominent red sequence down to stellar masses as low as log M/M_⊙ = 9.8, corresponding to a mass range of 2 dex. These quiescent galaxies are concentrated around the cluster center with a core radius of 330 kpc. There are only few blue members and avoid the cluster center. In JKCS 041 quenching was therefore largely completed by a look-back time of 10 Gyr, and we can constrain the epoch at which this occurred via spectroscopic age-dating of the individual galaxies. Most galaxies were quenched about 1.1 Gyr prior to the epoch of observation. The less-massive quiescent galaxies are somewhat younger, corresponding to a decrease in age of 650 Myr per mass dex, but the scatter in age at fixed mass is only 380 Myr (at log M/M⊙ = 11). There is no evidence for multiple epochs of star formation across galaxies. The size–mass relation of quiescent galaxies in JKCS 041 is consistent with that observed for local clusters within our uncertainties, and we place an upper limit of 0.4 dex on size growth at fixed stellar mass (95% confidence). Comparing our data on JKCS 041 with 41 clusters at lower redshift, we find that the form of the mass function of red sequence galaxies has hardly evolved in the past 10 Gyr, both in terms of its faint-end slope and characteristic mass. Despite observing JKCS 041 soon after its quenching and the three-fold expected increase in mass in the next 10 Gyr, it is already remarkably similar to present-day clusters.
Electrophoretic analysis of phosphorylation of the yeast 20S proteasome

The 26S proteasome complex, consisting of two multisubunit complexes, a 20S proteasome and a pair of 19S regulatory particles, plays a major role in the nonlysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins. The 20S proteasome was purified from yeast and separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). A total of 18 spots separated by 2‐DE were identified as the 20S proteasome subunits by peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). The α2‐, α4‐ and α7‐subunits gave multiple spots, which converged into one spot for each subunit when treated with alkaline phosphatase. The difference of pI between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated spots and their reaction against anti‐phosphotyrosine antibody suggested that the α2‐ and α4‐subunits are phosphorylated either at Ser or at Thr residue, and the α7‐subunit is phosphorylated at Tyr residue(s). These phosphorylated subunits were analyzed by electrospray ionization‐quadrupole time of flight‐tandem MS (ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS) to deduce the phosphorylation sites. The 20S proteasome has three different protease activities: chymotrypsin‐like, trypsin‐like and peptidylglutamyl peptide‐hydrolyzing activities. The phosphatase treatment increased Km value for chymotrypsin‐like activity of the 20S proteasome, indicating that phosphorylation may play an important role in regulating the proteasome activity.