Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTRASYLLABIC PATTERNS IN BABBLING AND EARLY SPEECH

Three patterns of intrasyllabic co-occurrence, reflecting putatively fundamental infant production constraints, have been found in phonetic analyses of babbling and first words. They are labial-central (LC), coronal-front (CF), and dorsal-back vowel (DB) intrasyllabic patterns. Evidence of these patterns was sought in three databases; targets for words attempted by eight English learning infants, lexical items on the CDI, a parent report instrument of words frequently produced by infants, and a dictionary count of English words. The predicted trends were present in the two infant databases, but not at significant levels. The lingual trends (CF and DB) were strongly present in the dictionary database and have been found in other languages as well. These findings suggest that the infant phonetic trends above are not based on imitation, as they are not strongly present in the targets. The lingual trends in the dictionary database may reflect extremely fundamental production propensities present in languages.
Representations and Communications: Creating an Archaeological Matrix of Late Prehistoric Art

Gaydarska, B. & Honch, N. 2006. The Social Context of the Emergence, Development and Abandonment of the Varna Cemetery. European Journal of Archaeology, 9(2/3): 159–83. Cummings, V. & Whittle, A. 2004. Places of Special Virtue: Megaliths in the Neolithic Landscapes of Wales. Oxford: Oxbow. Tilley, C. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments. Oxford: Berg. Tilley, C. 2008. Body and Image: Explorations in Landscape Phenomenology 2. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.
A novel bottleneck-BLSTM front-end for feature-level context modeling in conversational speech recognition

We present a novel automatic speech recognition (ASR) front-end that unites Long Short-Term Memory context modeling, bidirectional speech processing, and bottleneck (BN) networks for enhanced Tandem speech feature generation. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) networks were shown to be well suited for phoneme recognition and probabilistic feature extraction since they efficiently incorporate a flexible amount of long-range temporal context, leading to better ASR results than conventional recurrent networks or multi-layer perceptrons. Combining BLSTM modeling and bottleneck feature generation allows us to produce feature vectors of arbitrary size, independent of the network training targets. Experiments on the COSINE and the Buckeye corpora containing spontaneous, conversational speech show that the proposed BN-BLSTM front-end leads to better ASR accuracies than previously proposed BLSTM-based Tandem and multi-stream systems.
Improvement Opportunities in the Design of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Fuzzy Classifiers : Handling Rule Selection and Interpretability-Accuracy Tradeoff

During design of fuzzy rule based systems/fuzzy classifiers many rules may be applied on input variables to find out the desired output but there are number of possible ways for rule selection. Interpretability and accuracy are two most important features for the design of any fuzzy systems but these two features are generally conflicting in nature i.e. one can be enhanced with reduction of other one. This situation is called “Interpretability-Accuracy Tradeoff”. Multi –objective evolutionary algorithms are used to handle such tradeoff to design fuzzy systems. An optimization activity or search problem is known as automatic design of fuzzy rule based system and to complete the optimization activity evolutionary or genetic algorithms are being used. For improvement in the design of any fuzzy systems, it is very necessary to sort out the problem of rule selection in high dimensional data, secondly find out the proper assessment technique for interpretability as there is no global assessment method for interpretability and last but not the least application of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to deal with I-A tradeoff. In this paper, authors would like to analyze the problem of rule selection in high dimensionality, problem of no global assessment techniques for interpretability and handling of interpretability –accuracy tradeoff using multi-objective
Linkage analysis in alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence often is a familial disorder and has a genetic component. Research in causative factors of alcoholism is coordinated by a multi‐center program, COGA [The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, Begleiter et al., 1995]. We analyzed a subset of the COGA family sample, 84 pedigrees of Caucasian ancestry comprising 745 persons, 339 of whom are affected according to DSM‐III‐R and Feighner criteria. Using parametric and nonparametric methods, evidence for linkage was found on chromosome 1 (near markers D1S532, D1S1588, and D1S534), as well as on chromosome 15 (near marker D15S642). Other regions of the genome showed suggestive evidence for contributing loci. Related findings are discussed in recent publications investigating linkage in humans [Reich et al., 1998] and mice [Melo et al., 1996].
A New GNSS Acquisition Method with Signal Down Sampling in Frequency Domain

A new GNSS acquisition method with down sampling in the frequency domain is proposed to reduce the computational load. The method has been developed based on the FFT-based method. The down sampling is done by first pruning the high frequency parts of FFT outputs and then performing IFFT in a smaller size. The new method allows the acquisition to be performed in the lowest sampling rate, regardless of the original sampling rate. The analysis and simulation results show that the operations of the new method can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional FFT-based method while the loss of the acquisition sensitivity is small.
A nimA‐like protein kinase transcript is highly expressed in meristems of Antirrhinum majus

In plants, cell proliferation occurs mostly within meristems but a significant amount also occurs at other well‐defined sites during specific stages of development. We have developed molecular markers to follow the location and progress of cell division within multicellular plant organs and thereby gain some insight into how cell division might be regulated during morphogenesis. As in other eukaryotes, cell division in plants is regulated by a highly conserved set of protein kinases and phosphatases. The molecular information available on these molecules from other eukaryotes has allowed the design of strategies by which plant homologues can be isolated. In this report we describe the identification of a nimA‐like gene from Antirrhinum majus and describe the pattern in which its transcript is expressed. Comparison of the pattern of AmnimA gene expression with that of genes which are expressed in a cell cycle‐dependent manner suggests that this gene is expressed in actively dividing tissues but expression is not specific to any particular phase of the cell cycle nor specific to any particular tissue type.
New Perspectives on the Aharonov-Bohm Effect

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a quantum mechanical effect, that is, has no classical counterpart. The effect was predicted in 1959 in a seminal paper of Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm [AB59] in which they demonstrated that a beam of electrons is affected by the existence of the electric/magnetic field even though electrons travel through field-free regions. Aharonov and Bohm carried out two hypothetical experiments to support their claim that potentials are more fundamental than fields and they are responsible of the effect. Since then, the debate has arisen around whether potentials are mathematical tools or fundamental entities in physics. Different arguments have been set to explain the results predicted by Aharonov and Bohm and experimentally confirmed. Amongst these arguments, the first argument adopted by Aharonov and Bohm was that potentials are physically significant. Many have claimed that fields do have non-local features, i.e. action at a distance. Others have claimed that topological effects may interpret the effect in which potentials are modeled as connections in higher-dimensional fiber bundle geometries. The most recent argument has been proposed by Vaidman [Vai12] who claimed that the the composite system is represented by one state, an entangled state, and due to the electromagnetic interactions part of this state is changed, hence, the total state. In the present essay, I will discuss the latter argument as well as reviewing some other arguments.
PERSISTENT HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND DYSRHYTHMIA: A Case Report

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in neonatal period is characterized by insulin hypersecretion. The major feature is severe hypoglycemia, generally unresponsive to routine medical treatment. Subtotal or total pancreatectomy is performed in unresponsive cases. In this case report, we present a newborn with persistent hypoglycemia unresponsive to medical treatment with dysrhythmic left ventricular hypertrophy. The insulin/C-peptide ratio was 58 as a confirmation of diagnosis. Since hypoglycemia persisted after the initial medical treatment, a subtotal pancreatectomy was performed followed by near-total pancreatectomy. A histologic examination revealed diffuse insulin islets. At the 70th post-natal day, death occurred due to heart failure and ventricular dysrhythmia. To our knowledge, severe dysrhythmia and left ventricular hypertrophy in persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PPH) is identified in the patient.
Group Psychological Therapy for Cancer Patients: A Point of View, and Discussion of the Hierarchy of Options

Objective: We present here a point of view about the logical role of group psychological therapies in the care of cancer patients, and propose a comprehensive, four-stage program that could be implemented at any large cancer treatment center. Method: Our proposals rest on a review of the literature, and on our own experience with various kinds of psychological help for cancer patients, some of which is described. Results: It is clear that group psychological therapies improve the quality of life of many participating cancer patients, and there is preliminary evidence that it may prolong life in some cases. We describe five main kinds of adjuvant psychological therapy, arranging them on a hierarchy of increasingly active participation by the recipient, and noting the status of evidence for their efficacy. They are: providing information, emotional support, behavioral training in coping skills, psychotherapy (of various kinds), and, more speculatively, spiritual/existential therapy. Conclusions: We propose that it is time to consider psychological therapy as an adjuvant in cancer management, analogous to adjuvant chemotherapy. The main indication for advocating group psychological therapy to patients should, we argue, be an expert assessment that the patient is likely to benefit, and should not (as is usual at present) be restricted to either 1) those patients with overt psychopathology, or 2) those few who specifically request it.
Theoretical Comparative Analysis of BER in Multi-Channel Systems With Strip and Photonic Crystal Silicon Waveguides

We present a comparative analysis of the performance of multi-channel photonic systems containing strip or photonic crystal (PhC) silicon (Si) waveguides in the presence of white Gaussian noise. Specifically, we consider a multi-wavelength optical signal propagating either in a strip single-mode Si photonic waveguide (Si-PhW) or in a Si PhC waveguide (Si-PhCW), each channel consisting of a CW nonreturn-to-zero ON-OFF keying modulated signal. The output signal is demultiplexed and the signal in each channel is analyzed using direct-detection optical receivers. We describe the propagation of the optical signal in the Si-PhW and Si-PhCW using a linearized model and validate our main results by employing a rigorous theoretical model that incorporates all relevant linear and nonlinear optical effects and the mutual interaction between free-carriers and the optical field. The bit error rate (BER) of the transmitted signal is calculated by using both a time- and frequency-domain Karhunen-Loève expansion method. Our analysis suggests that due to enhanced nonlinear effects, for comparable optical power, a similar BER is achieved in a PhC waveguide about 100× shorter than a strip one, with a particularly strong signal degradation being observed in the slow-light regime of the Si-PhCW.
UNCERTAIN SIGNAL DETECTION WITH SIMULTANEOUS CONTRALATERAL CUES.

A series of auditory signal‐detection experiments was run under conditions of signal‐parameter uncertainty. This uncertainty was effected by allowing one signal parameter, either signal frequency or starting time, to vary randomly across the sequence of experimental trials. These experiments, run monaurally, employed a simple yes‐no detection procedure, signal plus noise occurring on half of the trials and noise alone occurring on the other half. A series of comparison experiments using the same observers was run under identical conditions, with the addition of a simultaneous cue signal in the contralateral ear. This cue was present on both signal and no‐signal trials and was identical, in all parameters except amplitude, to the signal that might have been presented to the detecting ear. The results demonstrated (a) the previously noted result—that a simultaneous contralateral cue degrades performance at relatively high signal‐to‐noise levels—and (b) a new result—that at low signal levels such a cue facil.
Altitude matters: differences in cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese reared at high and low altitudes

ABSTRACT Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) fly at high altitudes during their migration across the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau. However, we know relatively little about whether rearing at high altitude (i.e. phenotypic plasticity) facilitates this impressive feat because most of what is known about their physiology comes from studies performed at sea level. To provide this information, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to progressive decreases in the equivalent fractional composition of inspired oxygen (FiO2: 0.21, 0.12, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.05) was made on bar-headed geese reared at either high altitude (3200 m) or low altitude (0 m) and on barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis), a low-altitude migrating species, reared at low altitude (0 m). Bar-headed geese reared at high altitude exhibited lower metabolic rates and a modestly increased hypoxic ventilatory response compared with low-altitude-reared bar-headed geese. Although the in vivo oxygen equilibrium curves and blood-oxygen carrying capacity did not differ between the two bar-headed goose study groups, the blood-oxygen carrying capacity was higher than that of barnacle geese. Resting cardiac output also did not differ between groups and increased at least twofold during progressive hypoxia, initially as a result of increases in stroke volume. However, cardiac output increased at a higher FiO2 threshold in bar-headed geese raised at high altitude. Thus, bar-headed geese reared at high altitude exhibited a reduced oxygen demand at rest and a modest but significant increase in oxygen uptake and delivery during progressive hypoxia compared with bar-headed geese reared at low altitude. Highlighted Article: When exposed to progressive hypoxia, bar-headed geese reared at altitude exhibit a reduced metabolism and modestly increased ventilatory response, and also initiated cardiac responses earlier than geese reared at low altitude.
Loblolly pine abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase PtAO (CYP720B1) is a multifunctional, multisubstrate cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are important enzymes for generating some of the enormous structural diversity of plant terpenoid secondary metabolites. In conifers, P450s are involved in the formation of a suite of diterpene resin acids (DRAs). Despite their important role in constitutive and induced oleoresin defense, a P450 gene of DRA formation has not yet been identified. By using phylogenetic cluster analysis of P450-like ESTs from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), functional cDNA screening in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and in vitro enzyme characterization, we cloned and identified a multifunctional and multisubstrate cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP720B1 [abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase (PtAO)]. PtAO catalyzes an array of consecutive oxidation steps with several different diterpenol and diterpenal intermediates in loblolly pine DRA biosynthesis. Recombinant PtAO oxidized the respective carbon 18 of abietadienol, abietadienal, levopimaradienol, isopimara-7,15-dienol, isopimara-7,15-dienal, dehydroabietadienol, and dehydroabietadienal with apparent Michaelis–Menten (Km) values of 0.5–5.3 μM. PtAO expressed in yeast also catalyzed in vivo oxidation of abietadiene to abietic acid, but with activity much lower than with abietadienol or abietadienal. Consistent with a role of DRAs in conifer defense, PtAO transcript levels increased upon simulated insect attack using methyl jasmonate treatment of loblolly pine. The multisubstrate, multifunctional P450 diterpene oxidase PtAO, in concert with expression of a family of single-product and multiproduct diterpene synthases, allows for formation of a diverse suite of DRA defense metabolites in long-lived conifers.
Effect of Communication Pattern on Agricultural Employees’ Job Performance

This study assessed the influence of communication pattern on agricultural employees’ job performance. Data were collected from 61 randomly selected respondents using a structured questionnaire. Perceived communication pattern that influences job performance include: attitude of the administrators (x = 3.41), physical barriers to communication flow among employees (x = 3.21), poor communication reduces cooperation and teamwork of employees (x=3.12), and wrong pattern of communication (x=3.06). Major challenges to respondents’ job performance were different language among employees (x= 3.12), employees perception on Organizational issues (x=3.09), networking (x= 2.88), and unclear definition of work (x= 2.74). A significant relationship was found between employees’ perceived communication pattern (r = 0.423, p <0.00) and job performance. Information must be well designed in such a way that could positively influence employees’ job performance.
Discovering story chains: A framework based on zigzagged search and news actors

A story chain is a set of related news articles that reveal how different events are connected. This study presents a framework for discovering story chains, given an input document, in a text collection. The framework has 3 complementary parts that i) scan the collection, ii) measure the similarity between chain‐member candidates and the chain, and iii) measure similarity among news articles. For scanning, we apply a novel text‐mining method that uses a zigzagged search that reinvestigates past documents based on the updated chain. We also utilize social networks of news actors to reveal connections among news articles. We conduct 2 user studies in terms of 4 effectiveness measures—relevance, coverage, coherence, and ability to disclose relations. The first user study compares several versions of the framework, by varying parameters, to set a guideline for use. The second compares the framework with 3 baselines. The results show that our method provides statistically significant improvement in effectiveness in 61% of pairwise comparisons, with medium or large effect size; in the remainder, none of the baselines significantly outperforms our method.
Soil Moisture Estimation Using Cosmic-Ray Soil Moisture Sensing at Heterogeneous Farmland

The Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System is a promising soil moisture measurement network. It can measure soil moisture at an intermediate spatial scale with a single sensor. In this letter, the measured cosmic-ray neutron counts during the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research were used to evaluate the capabilities of the cosmic-ray probe in soil moisture retrieval at a heterogeneous farmland. The Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code model was utilized to model the interaction between the measured neutron counts and the soil water content. Soil moisture at the footprint scale of the cosmic-ray probe obtained using a wireless sensor network (SoilNET) was used as the calibration and validation data. The results show that the cosmic-ray probe is capable of monitoring the hourly heterogeneous soil moisture dynamics at the intermediate spatial scale in a noninvasive way. Moreover, the informative measurement depth of the cosmic-ray probe can also be derived and is consistent with the soil moisture results.
The Promises and Pitfalls of Engaging Male Juvenile Offenders in Gender Violence Prevention and Bystander Education

Drawing on interviews with and observations of boys enrolled in a bystander violence prevention program at a juvenile detention center, this article provides a sociological case study on how the boys’ biographies and violent lived experiences shaped their engagement with the program. Previous research on bystander prevention programs has typically focused on men enrolled in college who do not have the same kinds of violent histories as the boys in this study do. This article builds upon prior research on prevention programs by demonstrating how at-risk youth participants understand and access the program. We offer suggestions for tailoring bystander prevention programs to more adequately address the specific needs of these populations.
An algorithm for event-based optimal feedback control

We present an algorithm for an event based approach to the global optimal control of nonlinear systems with coarsely quantized state measurement. The quantized measurements induce regions of the state space and the events represent the change of the system's state from one quantization region to another. We investigate the theoretical properties of the approach and illustrate the performance by a numerical example.
Optimisation de la biométhanisation des effluents de manioc issus de la filière de fabrication de l’attiéké (semoule de manioc)

Cette etude s’est penchee sur les conditions optimales de biodigestion des effluents de manioc de la filiere attieke (semoule de manioc). Ces effluents proviennent de la fabrique d’attieke d’Azito (village Ebrie de la commune de Yopougon dans le district d’Abidjan). Les six digesteurs experimentaux utilises, ont ete alimentes comme suit : 1) effluent de manioc; 2) effluent + bouse de vache; 3) effluent + urine ; 4-5 et 6) effluent + urine + differentes quantites de bouse de vache. Aux resultats, les digesteurs ont fonctionne de facon mesophile avec des temperatures comprises entre 24,0 et 35,6 °C. Les digesteurs sans urine ont un pH variant entre 3 et 4 durant l’experimentation. Pour ceux contenant de l’urine humaine, le pH a oscille entre 6,46 et 10,29. Concernant le volume de gaz produit, il est significativement plus important dans les digesteurs contenant de l’urine que dans les digesteurs sans ajout d’urine. Le test d’inflammabilite du gaz produit est positif sauf pour le premier digesteur. Dans l’ensemble, les resultats de l’etude montrent que l’ajustement du pH avec l’urine humaine avant le demarrage du traitement des effluents de manioc issus de la filiere de fabrication de l’attieke par digestion anaerobie, est necessaire pour l’optimisation du processus de biomethanisation. Mots cles : Digestion anaerobie, effluents de manioc, biogaz