Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improvement to TF-IDF: Term Distribution based Term Weight Algorithm

In the process of document formalization, term weight algorithm plays an important role. It greatly interferes the precision and recall results of the natural language processing(NLP) systems. Currently, TF-IDF term weight algorithm is widely applied into language models to build NLP Systems. Since term frequency is not the only discriminator which is necessary to be considered in term weight ing and make each weight suitable to indicate the term’s importance, we are motivated to investigate other statistical characteristics of terms and found an important discriminator: term distribution. Furthermore, we found that , in a single document, a term with higher frequency and close to hypo-dispersion distribution usually contains much semantic information and should be given higher weight. One the other hand, in a document collection, the term with higher frequency and hypo-dispersion distribution usually contains less information. Based on this hypothesis, by leveraging the Pearson Chi-square Test Statistic, a Term Distribution based Local Term Weight Algorithm and Global Term Weight Algorithm are put forward respectively in this paper. Also, the experiment results at the end of this paper approve the reliability and efficiency of the algorithm s .
Flexible Meta-Regression to Assess the Shape of the Benzene–Leukemia Exposure–Response Curve

Background Previous evaluations of the shape of the benzene–leukemia exposure–response curve (ERC) were based on a single set or on small sets of human occupational studies. Integrating evidence from all available studies that are of sufficient quality combined with flexible meta-regression models is likely to provide better insight into the functional relation between benzene exposure and risk of leukemia. Objectives We used natural splines in a flexible meta-regression method to assess the shape of the benzene–leukemia ERC. Methods We fitted meta-regression models to 30 aggregated risk estimates extracted from nine human observational studies and performed sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of a priori assessed study characteristics on the predicted ERC. Results The natural spline showed a supralinear shape at cumulative exposures less than 100 ppm-years, although this model fitted the data only marginally better than a linear model (p = 0.06). Stratification based on study design and jackknifing indicated that the cohort studies had a considerable impact on the shape of the ERC at high exposure levels (> 100 ppm-years) but that predicted risks for the low exposure range (< 50 ppm-years) were robust. Conclusions Although limited by the small number of studies and the large heterogeneity between studies, the inclusion of all studies of sufficient quality combined with a flexible meta-regression method provides the most comprehensive evaluation of the benzene–leukemia ERC to date. The natural spline based on all data indicates a significantly increased risk of leukemia [relative risk (RR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.26] at an exposure level as low as 10 ppm-years.
Online Extrinsic Parameters Calibration for Stereovision Systems Used in Far-Range Detection Vehicle Applications

This paper presents a high-accuracy online calibration method for the absolute extrinsic parameters of a stereovision system that is suited for far-distance, vision-based vehicle applications. The method uses as prior knowledge the intrinsic parameters and the relative extrinsic parameters (relative position and orientation) of the two cameras, which are calibrated using offline procedures. These parameters remain unchanged if the two cameras are mounted on a rigid frame (stereo rig). The absolute extrinsic parameters define the position and orientation of the stereo system relative to a world coordinate system. They must be calibrated every time after mounting the stereo rig in the vehicle and are subject to changes due to static load factors for the used car setup. The proposed method is able to perform online the estimation of the absolute extrinsic parameters by driving the car on a flat and straight road, parallel with the longitudinal lane markers. The edge points of the longitudinal lane markers are extracted after a 2-D image classification process and reconstructed by stereovision in the stereo-rig coordinate system. After filtering out the noisy 3-D points, the normal vectors of the world coordinate system axes are estimated in the stereo-rig coordinate system by 3-D data fitting. The output of the method is the height and the orientation of the stereo cameras that are relative to the world coordinate system.
The Relationship between the Process Skill of Prediction and Students' Misconceptions in Biology.

Misconceptions, shown to be prevalent in students even at the college level, may affect the cognitive process of making predictions in biology. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify students' misconceptions about important biological concepts; (2) identify students' cognitive behaviors associated with making predictions about these concepts; and (3) examine the relationship between students' misconceptions and their cognitive behaviors of prediction. Information processing theory provided the theoretical framework for this research. Think-aloud interviews were employed in this study to collect videotape data on students' cognitive processes associated with their misconceptions and subsequent predictions about selected biological concepts. A computer simulation program, "Pollute," allowed students to manipulate five independent variables affecting water quality. Three-stage instruction was given based on the learning cycle. This paper found that subjects who were successful were formal operational and exhibited fewer misconceptions than unsuccessful subjects. Misconceptions Identified are listed. Recommendations are made for science teaching techniques that will help to Identify and eliminate students' misconceptions. Forty-six references are listed. (Author/YP) ***1c*********************t********************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROCESS SKILL OF PREDICTION AND STUDENTS' MISCONCEPTIONS IN BIOLOGY Derrick R. Lavoie Assistant Professor of Science Education College of Education Division of Teacher Education Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL 'IAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Zanthoxylum ailanthoides (Rutaceae)

Nine microsatellite markers were developed for Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, a typical pioneer tree. Averaged over the nine loci, the number of alleles per locus was 5.1. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.233 to 0.833 and from 0.314 to 0.823, with averages of 0.606 and 0.641, respectively. No loci showed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or linkage equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P > 0.05). These markers will be useful for parentage analyses and studies of population genetic structure in the species.
A framework for incremental deployment strategies for router-assisted services

Incremental deployment of a new network service or protocol is typically a hard problem, especially when it has to be deployed in the routers. First, an incrementally deployable protocol is needed. Second, a study of the performance impact of incremental deployment should be carried out to evaluate deployment strategies. Choosing the wrong strategy can be disastrous, as it may inhibit reaping the benefits of an otherwise robust service, and prevent widespread adoption. Unfortunately, to date there has been no systematic evaluation of incremental deployment for such services. Our research work is focused on the second aspect, namely the performance impact of incremental deployment of router-assisted services. We take the first step to define a framework for evaluating incrementally deployable services, which consists of three parts: (a) selection and classification of deployment strategies; (b) definition of performance metrics; and (c) systematic evaluation of deployment strategies. As a case study for our framework, we evaluate the performance of router-assisted reliable multicast protocols. Although our framework is still evolving, our results clearly demonstrate that the choice of a strategy has a substantial impact on performance, and thus affirms the need for systematic evaluation of incremental deployment. Our case study includes two router-assisted reliable multicast protocols, namely PGM and LMS. We make several interesting observations: (a) the performance of different deployment strategies varies widely; for example, with some strategies, both PGM and LMS approach full deployment performance with as little as 5% of the routers deployed, but with other strategies up to 80% deployment may be needed to approach the same level; (b) our sensitivity analysis reveals relatively small variation in the results in mos
Genetic Evidence That Synaptonemal Complex Axial Elements Govern Recombination Pathway Choice in Mice

Chiasmata resulting from interhomolog recombination are critical for proper chromosome segregation at meiotic metaphase I, thus preventing aneuploidy and consequent deleterious effects. Recombination in meiosis is driven by programmed induction of double strand breaks (DSBs), and the repair of these breaks occurs primarily by recombination between homologous chromosomes, not sister chromatids. Almost nothing is known about the basis for recombination partner choice in mammals. We addressed this problem using a genetic approach. Since meiotic recombination is coupled with synaptonemal complex (SC) morphogenesis, we explored the role of axial elements – precursors to the lateral element in the mature SC - in recombination partner choice, DSB repair pathways, and checkpoint control. Female mice lacking the SC axial element protein SYCP3 produce viable, but often aneuploid, oocytes. We describe genetic studies indicating that while DSB-containing Sycp3−/− oocytes can be eliminated efficiently, those that survive have completed repair before the execution of an intact DNA damage checkpoint. We find that the requirement for DMC1 and TRIP13, proteins normally essential for recombination repair of meiotic DSBs, is substantially bypassed in Sycp3 and Sycp2 mutants. This bypass requires RAD54, a functionally conserved protein that promotes intersister recombination in yeast meiosis and mammalian mitotic cells. Immunocytological and genetic studies indicated that the bypass in Sycp3−/− Dmc1−/− oocytes was linked to increased DSB repair. These experiments lead us to hypothesize that axial elements mediate the activities of recombination proteins to favor interhomolog, rather than intersister recombinational repair of genetically programmed DSBs in mice. The elimination of this activity in SYCP3- or SYCP2-deficient oocytes may underlie the aneuploidy in derivative mouse embryos and spontaneous abortions in women.
Application of Replica Ornstein-Zernike equations in studies of the adsorption of electrolyte mixtures in disordered matrices of charged particles

The Replica Ornstein-Zernike (ROZ) equations were used to study the adsorption of ions from electrolyte mixtures. The adsorbent was represented as a quenched primitive model +1: 1 size symmetric electrolyte, while the mobile particles were ions differing in charge and/or size. The ROZ equations in hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation were tested against new Monte Carlo results in the grand canonical ensemble; good agreement between the two methods was obtained. The ROZ/HNC theory was then used to study the exclusion coefcients as a function of size and/or charge asymmetry of the annealed ions.
Kumaran Chandrasekharan the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Increases Disease Severity in Cmah A Human-Specific Deletion in Mouse

, 42ra54 (2010); 2 Sci Transl Med , et al. Kumaran Chandrasekharan the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Increases Disease Severity in Cmah A Human-Specific Deletion in Mouse http://stm.sciencemag. org/content/2/42/42ra54.full. html figures, can be found at: and other services, including high-resolution A complete electronic version of this article http://stm.sciencemag. org/content/suppl/2010/07/27/2.42. 42ra54.DC1. html "Supplementary Material" can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://stm.sciencemag. org/content/2/42/42ra54.full. html#ref-list-1 , 44 of which can be accessed free: cites 134 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: reproduce this article permission to of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
Hyper-G: A New Tool for Distributed Hypermedia

This paper describes Hyper-G, a new hypermedia information system which combines the best of Gopher, WAIS, and World Wide Web. Hyper-G is speci cally designed as a distributed, large-scale hypermedia information system supporting navigation in a large body of dynamically changing information without becoming \lost in hyperspace". Users may choose a hierarchical navigation paradigm, click on hyper-links, go on guided tours, or perform variable-scope searches. This paper presents Hyper-G from the user's perspective, outlines the basic architecture of the system, and describes its interaction with existing distributed information retrieval tools like Gopher, WAIS, and World Wide Web.
Student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique

Authentication is one of the significant issues in the era of information system. Among other things, human face recognition (HFR) is one of known techniques which can be used for user authentication. As an important branch of biometric verification, HFR has been widely used in many applications, such as video monitoring/surveillance system, human-computer interaction, door access control system and network security. This paper proposes a method for student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique by combining Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to extract the features of student's face which is followed by applying Radial Basis Function (RBF) for classifying the facial objects. From the experiments which is conducted by involving 16 students situated in classroom setting, it results in 121 out of 148 successful faces recognition.
Distribution of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira Communities in an Aerobic Activated Sludge Bioreactor and their Contributions to Nitrite Oxidation

An analysis of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the activated sludge process of a full-scale partially nitrifying wastewater treatment plant revealed Nitrospira and Nitrobacter averaged 10 13 cells·L -1 and 10 12 cells·L -1 , respectively. Correlation coefficients linking shifts in NOB community to operational or environmental variables illustrated Nitrospira were negatively correlated to nitrite (r = -0.45, P<0.01), while Nitrobacter showed no significant relationship to nitrite (P=0.1017). Nitrospira was negative correlation to DO (r = -0.46, P<0.01) and positively correlated to temperature (r = 0.59, P<0.0001). However, Nitrobacter was positively correlated to DO (r = 0.38, P<0.01) and HRT (R = 0.33, P<0.05), as well as negatively correlated to temperature (r = -0.49, P<0.001) suggesting niche adaptations within the NOB community. The positive association between Nitrobacter and DO supports a selective advantage over Nitrospira in completely nitrifying plants. Given the operational schematic at this WWTP, Nitrospira contributed more to nitrification than Nitrobacter in this WWTP.
The Data Complexity of Answering Instance Queries in FL0

Ontology-mediated query answering can be used to access large data sets through a mediating ontology. It has drawn considerable attention in the Description Logic (DL) community where both the complexity of query answering and practical query answering approaches based on rewriting were investigated in detail. Surprisingly, there is still a gap in what is known about the data complexity of query answering w.r. t. ontologies formulated in the inexpressive DL FL0. While it is known that the data complexity of answering conjunctive queries w.r. t. FL0 ontologies is coNP-complete, the exact complexity of answering instance queries was open until now. In the present paper, we show that answering instance queries w.r. t. FL0 ontologies is in P for data complexity. Together with the known lower bound of P-completeness for a fragment of FL0, this closes the gap mentioned above.
Rendezvous for self-organizing MANET with multiple radio

Self-Organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) equipped with multiple interfaces and multiple channels(MIMC) is an emergent issue in cognitive radio networks(CRNs). Recently the rendezvous algorithm using the multiple radios for fast rendezvous such as role-based parallel sequence(RPS) algorithm have been studied in distributed network. While the RPS algorithm using one dedicated radio and multiple general radios provides an enhanced rendezvous performance and a guaranteed time-to-rendezvous(TTR), it doesn't consider that how many dedicated radios optimize the rendezvous performance. In this paper, we proposed an optimized waiting and hopping(OWH) algorithm for multiple radio devices to provide guaranteed the lower maximum TTR. We derive an upper-bound maximum TTR for the multiple radios network, and analyze the optimized number of waiting radio theoretically. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance our algorithm in symmetric and asymmetric channel environment.
Dependence of Retinogeniculate Transmission on Membrane Voltage in the Cat

The mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus seems organized to gate or control the gain of retino‐geniculate transmission, the result of which is then relayed to the visual cortex. We have performed in vivo intracellular studies of retinogeniculate transmission along these retino‐geniculo‐cortical pathways in cats by recording the retinally evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in geniculate neurons. In cats, these pathways are organized into two parallel and functionally distinct channels, the X and Y pathways. We found that nearly all geniculate X cells display a fairly conventional voltage dependency for their retinally evoked EPSPs, because the amplitudes of these EPSPs decrease fairly linearly with membrane depolarization as the EPSP reversal potential is approached. Rare X cells and all Y cells, however, show an unconventional response: over a wide range of membrane potentials, their EPSP amplitudes increase with membrane depolarization. This increase does not result from alterations in neuronal input resistance and instead seems due to changes in synaptic conductance. The underlying cause of this voltage dependency remains to be determined. None the less, it does afford an interesting means by which retinogeniculate transmission can be gated, since non‐retinal inputs (e.g. corticogeniculate axons) that can control a relay Y cell's membrane potential can also modulate the cell's EPSP amplitude.
HOPE: Enabling Efficient Service Orchestration in Software-Defined Data Centers

The functional scope of today's software-defined data centers (SDDC) has expanded to such an extent that servers face a growing amount of critical background operational tasks like load monitoring, logging, migration, and duplication, etc. These ancillary operations, which we refer to as management operations, often nibble the stringent data center power envelope and exert a tremendous amount of pressure on front-end user tasks. However, existing power capping, peak shaving, and time shifting mechanisms mainly focus on managing data center power demand at the "macro level" -- they do not distinguish ancillary background services from user tasks, and therefore often incur significant performance degradation and energy overhead. In this study we explore "micro-level" power management in SDDC: tuning a specific set of critical loads for the sake of overall system efficiency and performance. Specifically, we look at management operations that can often lead to resource contention and energy overhead in an IaaS SDDC. We assess the feasibility of this new power management paradigm by characterizing the resource and power impact of various management operations. We propose HOPE, a new system optimization framework for eliminating the potential efficiency bottleneck caused by the management operations in the SDDC. HOPE is implemented on a customized OpenStack cloud environment with heavily instrumented power infrastructure. We thoroughly validate HOPE models and optimization efficacy under various user workload scenarios. Our deployment experiences show that the proposed technique allows SDDC to reduce energy consumption by 19%, reduce management operation execution time by 25.4%, and in the meantime improve workload performance by 30%.
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Promotes Increased Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis in the Elderly

Aging is closely associated with muscle insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. We examined the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in healthy aging promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hyperlipidemia by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. Healthy, normal weight, sedentary elderly subjects pair-matched to young subjects were given two high-carbohydrate meals followed by 13C/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of postprandial changes in muscle and liver glycogen and lipid content, and assessment of DNL using 2H2O. Net muscle glycogen synthesis was reduced by 45% (P < 0.007) in the elderly subjects compared with the young, reflecting severe muscle insulin resistance. Net liver glycogen synthesis was similar between groups (elderly, 143 ± 23 mmol/L vs. young, 138 ± 13 mmol/L; P = NS). Hepatic DNL was more than twofold higher in the elderly than in the young subjects (elderly, 14.5 ± 1.4% vs. young, 6.9 ± 0.7%; P = 0.00015) and was associated with approximately threefold higher postprandial hepatic triglyceride (TG) content (P < 0.005) and increased fasting plasma TGs (elderly, 1.19 ± 0.18 mmol/L vs. young, 0.74 ± 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.02). These results strongly support the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in aging promotes hyperlipidemia and NAFLD by altering the pattern of postprandial carbohydrate storage away from muscle glycogen and into hepatic DNL.
Approaches to information fusion with spatiotemporal aspects for standoff and other biodefense information sources

This paper discusses some of the techniques developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for information fusion of lidar-based biological standoff sensors, meteorology, point sensors, and potentially other information sources, for biodefense applications. The developed Spatiotemporal Coherence (STC) fusion approach includes phenomenology aspects and approximate uncertainty measures for information corroboration quantification. A supervised machine-learning approach was also developed. Computational experiments involved ground-truth data generated from measurements and by simulation techniques that were developed. The fusion results include performance measures that focus explicitly on the fusion algorithms' effectiveness. Both fusion approaches enable significant false-alarm reduction. Their respective advantages and tradeoffs are examined.