Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ownership as an Issue in Data and Information Sharing: a philosophically based review

It has long been an aim of information management and information systems development to enable more effective and efficient data and information sharing within organisations. A commonplace assertion has been that data and information belong, or should belong, to the organisation as a whole as opposed to any individual or stakeholder within it. Nevertheless, despite the potential benefits of data and information sharing within organisations, efforts to achieve it have typically run into more difficulty than expected and have frequently been less successful than the technological capabilities would, at least prima facie, allow. This paper is based on the proposition that perceptions of ownership can have an important influence on data and information sharing behaviour, and explores philosophical theories of ownership and property with the aim of better understanding the origins of such behaviour. It is further proposed that what are here called “implicit” theories of information ownership on the part of different individuals or parties within an organisation can lead to varying perceptions as to who is the legitimate owner of particular data or information, and that this view is illuminating of the difficulties that have often been experienced in trying to achieve effective organisational data and information sharing.
Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus M- and M2-Specific CD4 T Cells in a Murine Model

ABSTRACT CD4 T cells have been shown to play an important role in the immunity and immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We identified two novel CD4 T-cell epitopes in the RSV M and M2 proteins with core sequences M213-223 (FKYIKPQSQFI) and M227-37 (YFEWPPHALLV). Peptides containing the epitopes stimulated RSV-specific CD4 T cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and other Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in an I-Ab-restricted pattern. Construction of fluorochrome-conjugated peptide-I-Ab class II tetramers revealed RSV M- and M2-specific CD4 T-cell responses in RSV-infected mice in a hierarchical pattern. Peptide-activated CD4 T cells from lungs were more activated and differentiated, and had greater IFN-γ expression, than CD4 T cells from the spleen, which, in contrast, produced greater levels of IL-2. In addition, M209-223 peptide-activated CD4 T cells reduced IFN-γ and IL-2 production in M- and M2-specific CD8 T-cell responses to Db-M187-195 and Kd-M282-90 peptides more than M225-39 peptide-stimulated CD4 T cells. This correlated with the fact that I-Ab-M209-223 tetramer-positive cells responding to primary RSV infection had a much higher frequency of FoxP3 expression than I-Ab-M226-39 tetramer-positive CD4 T cells, suggesting that the M-specific CD4 T-cell response has greater regulatory function. Characterization of epitope-specific CD4 T cells by novel fluorochrome-conjugated peptide-I-Ab tetramers allows detailed analysis of their roles in RSV pathogenesis and immunity.
Risk constrained battery energy storage planning in active distribution networks

This paper proposes a stochastic planning framework for the battery energy storage system (BESS) with abundant distributed renewable energy sources. The uncertainties of wind power, solar power, and load demand variations are modeled through the scenario analysis. The risks of the planner in the uncertain environment is also considered. The conditional value at risk (CVaR) theory is introduced into the objective model to model the risk. A series of case studies are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
The Maternal Emotional Climate Predicts Twin Sibling Relationship Quality

We investigated the association between maternal expressed emotion and twin relationship quality, after controlling for a maternal questionnaire measure of the mother–child relationship. This was explored within a community sample of 156 mothers and their two young twin children (M child age = 3.69 years; SD child age = 0.37). Mothers reported on the twin–twin relationship and the mother–child relationship via questionnaire. They were also interviewed about each child using the innovative Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample (Daley et al., 2003), which yields information about relative positive:negative maternal expressed emotion. Mothers who expressed more family-wide positive emotion and less family-wide negative emotion also reported more positivity, but not negativity, within the twin relationship — even when controlling for questionnaire reports of the mother–child relationship. Counter to expectations, discrepancies in mothers’ expressed emotion between their twins also predicted more positive sibling relationships. Our findings corroborate the well established spill-over effect, whereby families are viewed as emotional units of interdependent individuals, none of whom can be understood in isolation from one another. Most importantly, the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample provides information about mothering that questionnaire reports may not, and thus it is a useful tool in better understanding the twin family system.
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene

Synthetic oligonucleotide primers of 21 and 24 bases, respectively, were used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a sequence of the nuc gene, which encodes the thermostable nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. A DNA fragment of approximately 270 bp was amplified from lysed S. aureus cells or isolated DNA. The PCR product was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or Southern blot analysis by using a 33-mer internal nuc gene hybridization probe. With S. aureus cells the lower detection limit was less than 10 CFU, and with the isolated target the lower detection limit was 0.69 pg of DNA. The primers recognized 90 of 90 reference or clinical S. aureus strains. Amplification was not recorded when 80 strains representing 16 other staphylococcal species were tested or when 20 strains representing 9 different nonstaphylococcal species were tested. Some of the non-S. aureus staphylococci produced thermostable nucleases but were PCR negative. The PCR product was generated when in vitro-cultured S. aureus was used to prepare simulated clinical specimens of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or synovial fluid. No PCR product was generated when the sterile body fluids were tested. However, the sensitivity of the PCR was reduced when S. aureus in blood or urine was tested in comparison with that when bacteria in saline were tested. With the bacteria in blood, the detection limit of the PCR was 10(3) CFU. A positive PCR result was recorded when a limited number of clinical samples from wounds verified to be infected with S. aureus were tested, while the PCR product was not detected in materials from infections caused by other bacteria. Generation of PCR products was not affected by exposure of S. aureus to bactericidal agents, including cloxacillin and gentamicin, prior to testing, but was affected by exposure to UV radiation. The PCR for amplification of the nuc gene has potential for the rapid diagnosis of S. aureus infections by direct testing of clinical specimens, including specimens from patients with ongoing antimicrobial therapy.
Balance Screening of Vestibular Function in Subjects Aged 4 Years and Older: A Living Laboratory Experience

To better understand the various individual factors that contribute to balance and the relation to fall risk, we performed the modified Romberg Test of Standing Balance on Firm and Compliant Support, with 1,174 participants between 4 and 83 years of age. This research was conducted in the Living Laboratory® at the Museum of Science, Boston. We specifically focus on balance test condition 4, in which individuals stand on memory foam with eyes closed, and must rely on their vestibular system; therefore, performance in this balance test condition provides a proxy for vestibular function. We looked for balance variations associated with sex, race/ethnicity, health factors, and age. We found that balance test performance was stable between 10 and 39 years of age, with a slight increase in the failure rate for participants 4–9 years of age, suggesting a period of balance development in younger children. For participants 40 years and older, the balance test failure rate increased progressively with age. Diabetes and obesity are the two main health factors we found associated with poor balance, with test condition 4 failure rates of 57 and 19%, respectively. An increase in the odds of having fallen in the last year was associated with a decrease in the time to failure; once individuals dropped below a time to failure of 10 s, there was a significant 5.5-fold increase in the odds of having fallen in the last 12 months. These data alert us to screen for poor vestibular function in individuals 40 years and older or suffering from diabetes, in order to undertake the necessary diagnostic and rehabilitation measures, with a focus on reducing the morbidity and mortality of falls.
Fast Learning with Noise in Deep Neural Nets

Dropout has been raised as an effective and simple trick [1] to combat overfitting in deep neural nets. The idea is to randomly mask out input and internal units during training. Despite its usefulness, there has been very little and scattered understanding on injecting noise to deep learning architectures’ internal units. In this paper, we study the effect of dropout on both input and hidden layers in deep neural nets via explicit formulation of an equivalent marginalization regularizer. We show that training with regularizer from marginalized noise in deep neural nets doesn’t loose much performance compared to dropout, yet in significantly shorter amount of training time and noticeably less sensitivity to hyperparameter tuning, which are main practical concerns of dropout.
Postnatal changes in retinal ganglion cell and optic axon populations in the pigmented rat

The number of ganglion cells in the retina of the postnatal rat has been examined. We estimated both the number of axons in the optic nerve and the number of cells which can be retrogradely labelled with horseradish peroxidase from injections into the brain. In the retina of the newborn rat there are at least twice as many ganglion cells as in the adult rat. By retrograde labelling of the ganglion cells and following transection of their axons 24‐48 hrs later we can find no evidence that ganglion cells withdraw their axon without degeneration of the parent cell body. We have found that the excess ganglion cells are lost over the first ten postnatal days and during this period we observe pyknotic nuclei in the ganglion cell layer. From our estimates of the total number of neurones in the ganglion cell layer and the number of ganglion cells found at different ages we conclude that themigration of amacrine cells into the ganglion cell layer occurs in the first five postnatal days.
Data Interpretation in Forensic Sediment and Soil Geochemistry

Automated geochemical techniques enable reproducible elemental assays of small quantity samples and have been used in recent years in many forensic criminal investigations in England and Wales. Two case studies are presented that highlight the problems of testing the presence of pre-, syn-, or post-crime event sample mixing. The number of elements or compounds analyzed can have a bearing on statistical discriminant techniques that may provide false-positive or false-negative associations or exclusions. Chemical analyses of soils and sediments using both atomic absorption spectrometry and Dionex (DX500 Sunnyvale, CA, USA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry enabled the identification and classification of discrete groups by hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical discriminant function analysis. These groupings, however, prove fragile to small variations within samples of even the most common minerals.
Effect of large dynamic loads on interconnected power systems with power oscillation damping controller (PODC)

Power systems are composed of dynamic loads. In this paper, the induction motors which are widely used in consumption units are considered as dynamic loads. This paper presents an analysis to investigate the effects of large dynamic loads on interconnected power systems with power oscillation damping controller (PODC). The PODC is designed based on the conventional method of linearization. An overview to design robust damping controller [19] is also presented and its effectiveness is analyzed and compared with power system stabilizer(PSS) for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with increasing dynamic loads.
Design, construction, and performance of VIRUS-P: the prototype of a highly replicated integral-field spectrograph for HET

We describe the design, construction, and performance of VIRUS-P (Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph - Prototype), the prototype for 150+ identical fiber-fed integral field spectrographs for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). VIRUS-P was commissioned in 2007, is in regular service on the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Smith telescope, and offers the largest field of any integral field spectrograph. The 246-fiber IFU uses a densepak-type fiber bundle with a 1/3 fill factor. It is fed at f/3.65 through a telecentric, two-group dioptric focal reducer. The spectrograph's double-Schmidt optical design uses a volume phase holographic grating at the pupil between the articulating f/3.32 folded collimator and the f/1.33 cryogenic prime focus camera. High on-sky throughput is achieved with this catadioptric system by the use of high reflectivity dielectric coatings, which set the 340-670 nm bandwidth. VIRUS-P is gimbal-mounted on the telescope to allow short fibers for high UV throughput, while maintaining high mechanical stability. The instrument software and the 18 square arcmin field, fixed-offset guider provide rapid acquisition, guiding, and precision dithering to fill in the IFU field. Custom software yields Poisson noise limited, sky subtracted spectra. The design characteristics are described that achieved uniformly high image quality with low scattered light and fiber-to-fiber cross talk. System throughput exceeds requirements and peaks at 40%. The observing procedures are described, and example observations are given.
Emotional Intelligence and Employee Performance as an Indicator for Promotion, a Study of Automobile Industry in the City of Belgaum, Karnataka, India

This study is undertaken to understand the performance level of managers and supervisors at an automobile retailer in the city of Belgaum, the study focuses on understanding the emotional intelligence of the managers and supervisors and its link to their performance level on the job. The findings of the study indicate that emotional intelligence has an impact on the performance level of the managers and supervisors.
European Primary Care Cardiovascular Society (EPCCS) consensus guidance on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF) in primary care

Background Atrial fibrillation affects 1–2% of the general population and 10% of those over 75, and is responsible for around a quarter of all strokes. These strokes are largely preventable by the use of anticoagulation therapy, although many eligible patients are not treated. Recent large clinical trials have added to the evidence base on stroke prevention and international clinical guidelines have been updated. Design Consensus practical recommendations from primary care physicians with an interest in vascular disease and vascular specialists. Methods A focussed all-day meeting, with presentation of summary evidence under each section of this guidance and review of European guidelines on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, was used to generate a draft document, which then underwent three cycles of revision and debate before all panel members agreed with the consensus statements. Results Six areas were identified that included how to identify patients with atrial fibrillation, how to determine their stroke risk and whether to recommend modification of this risk, and what management options are available, with practical recommendations on maximising benefit and minimising risk if anticoagulation is recommended and the reasons why antiplatelet therapy is no longer recommended. The summary evidence is presented for each area and simple summary recommendations are highlighted, with areas of remaining uncertainty listed. Conclusions Atrial fibrillation-related stroke is a major public health priority for most health systems. This practical guidance can assist generalist community physicians to translate the large evidence base for this cause of preventable stroke and implement this at a local level.
Enhancement of Phonological Memory Following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Phonologically similar items (mell, rell, gell) are more difficult to remember than dissimilar items (shen, floy, stap), likely because of mutual interference of the items in the phonological store. Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), guided by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to disrupt this phonological confusion by stimulation of the left inferior parietal (LIP) lobule. Subjects received TMS or placebo stimulation while remembering sets of phonologically similar or dissimilar pseudo-words. Consistent with behavioral performance of patients with neurological damage, memory for phonologically similar, but not dissimilar, items was enhanced following TMS relative to placebo stimulation. Stimulation of a control region of the brain did not produce any changes in memory performance. These results provide new insights into how the brain processes verbal information by establishing the necessity of the inferior parietal region for optimal phonological storage. A mechanism is proposed for how TMS reduces phonological confusion and leads to facilitation of phonological memory.
The relation between force and speed in muscular contraction

IN a recent paper Hill [1938b] has shown that the rate at which energy is liberated by a tetanized muscle increases linearly as the external force is reduced below the isometric tension. If a muscle shortens against a force P, which is smaller than the isometric tension PO, work is done by the muscle, and in addition heat is liberated, in excess of the isometric, at a rate proportional to the speed of shortening v. The rate of total energy production exceeds the isometric heat rate by an amount proportional to the reduction of external tension PO-P. These findings were expressed by the equation v(P+a)=b (PO-P), . (1) where a [g. ] and b [cm. /sec. ] are constants (a g.cm. being the " extra heat" for 1 cm. shortening, b g.cm./sec. the increase of the rate of energy production for 1 g. tension loss). This formula relates two variables, the speed of shortening v and the external force P, which can be determined without any heat measurements. According to this formula, which can also be written as
Costimulation through NKG2D Enhances Murine CD8+ CTL Function: Similarities and Differences between NKG2D and CD28 Costimulation1

Multiple studies have demonstrated that the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D can function as a costimulatory receptor for both mouse and human CD8+ T cells. However, it has recently been suggested that stimulation through NKG2D is insufficient for costimulation of CD8+ T cells. To aid in the delineation of NKG2D function in CTL responses, we investigated whether stimulation of NKG2D by the natural ligand RAE1ε was able to costimulate effector functions of a murine CTL line generated from DUC18 TCR transgenic mice. We found that NKG2D was able to costimulate DUC CTL responses and did so in a manner similar to CD28 costimulation. The T cells exhibited increased proliferation, IFN-γ release, and cytotoxicity when presented antigenic peptide by P815 cells expressing RAE1ε or B7-1 compared with untransfected P815. In addition, both RAE1ε and B7-1 enhanced Ag-independent IFN-γ secretion in response to IL-12 and IL-18 by DUC CTL. However, only costimulation through CD28 allowed for DUC CTL survival upon secondary stimulation, whereas ligation of NKG2D, but not CD28, induced DUC CTL to form an immune synapse with target cells in the absence of TCR stimulation. Understanding the outcomes of these differences may allow for a better understanding of T cell costimulation in general.
Immediate Implant Loading: Current Status From Available Literature

The introduction of osseointegrated implants in dentistry represents a turning point in dental clinical practice. Thanks to their multiple therapeutic possibilities and the high predictability of success, implant therapy is now regarded as an extremely reliable approach to replace missing teeth. The concept of immediate implant loading has recently become popular due to less trauma, reduced overall treatment time, decreased patient's anxiety and discomfort, high patient acceptance and better function and esthetics. Nonetheless, research and understanding in this area are confuse and sometimes contradictory. Hence, it is the purpose of this review to provide rational for immediate implant loading, summarize current available literature, and analyze factors that influencing this newly introduced treatment method. Results from this review indicated that immediate implant loading achieved similar high success rate as that noted in the conventional approach (delayed protocols). However, a careful case selection, proper treatment plan, meticulous surgery and proper design of prosthesis are essential for optimal outcomes when this approach is adopted.
Reproductive Energetics and Thermoregulatory Status of Nestlings in Pampas Mice Akodon azarae (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)

We evaluated metabolic rates during reproduction and the thermoregulatory status of preweaning pups of Akodon azarae (Fisher 1829). Metabolic rates during late pregnancy and lactation were 159% and 200%, respectively, of the basal metabolic rate. Metabolic rates of 10‐d‐old pups were 447% of the adult’s metabolic rates. No difference in metabolic rates of pups was detected among different ambient temperatures. Differences were detected in body temperatures between pups without mothers before and after exposure to different ambient temperatures below the thermoneutral zone. Differences were not detected in body temperatures among solitary or grouped pups.
A Survey of Sentiment Classification Techniques

Sentiment classification is an ongoing field and interesting area of research because of its application in various fields collecting review from people about products and social and political events through the web. Currently, Sentiment Analysis concentrates for subjective statements or on subjectivity and overlook objective statements which carry sentiment(s). During the sentiment classification more challenging problem are faced due to the ambiguous sense of words, negation words and intensifier. Due to its importance the correct sense of target word is extracted and determined for which the similarity arise in WordNet Glosses. This paper presents a survey covering the techniques and methods in sentiment analysis and challenges appear in the field.