Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Synchronous P2P Primitives Using SGX Enclaves

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems such as BitTorrent and Bitcoin are susceptible to serious attacks from byzantine nodes that join as peers. Due to well-known impossibility results for designing P2P primitives in unrestricted byzantine settings, research has explored many adversarial models with additional assumptions, ranging from mild (such as pre-established PKI) to strong (such as the existence of common random coins). One such widelystudied model is the general-omission model, which yields simple protocols with good efficiency, but has been considered impractical or unrealizable since it artificially limits the adversary only to omitting messages. In this work, we study the setting of a synchronous network wherein peer nodes have CPUs equipped with a recent trusted computing mechanism called Intel SGX. In this model, we observe that the byzantine adversary reduces to the adversary in the general-omission model. As a first result, we show that by leveraging SGX features, we eliminate any source of advantage for a byzantine adversary beyond that gained by omitting messages, making the general-omission model realizable. Second, we present new protocols that improve the communication complexity of two fundamental primitives — reliable broadcast and common random coins (or beacons) — over the best-known results in the synchronous general-omission model, by utilizing SGX features. Our evaluation of 1000 nodes running on 40 DeterLab machines confirms theoretical efficiency claim.
Power source evaluation of a wireless power transfer system

With more than 230 products on store shelves and an estimation of 100 million wireless power devices in use by 2015 (IHS source), the wireless power market is rapidly growing. Moreover, current smartphones are used with several applications (music streaming, satellite navigation system or even NFC virtual key for car sharing) and thus a convenient power supply system is required. This paper addresses the complete modeling and characterization of this power source in a Wireless Power Transfer context by an original modeling approach. A good correlation between measurement and simulation is obtained both for electrical (e.g. input impedance, power, etc.) and electromagnetic (e.g. magnetic field) quantities. Through simulations performed on commercial software's, the correlation simulation/measurement shows a difference of only 2% on the active power available on the load and the modeled behavior of the magnetic field corroborates with the measured one.
Landscape Architecture: An Illustrated History in Timelines, Site Plans and Biography

Partial table of contents: TIMELINES. Ancient Times. Italy. England. OUTLINE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY. MAPS OF MAJOR WORKS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. Spain. France. United States of America. DESIGN PLAN DRAWINGS. Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England. Agora, Athens, Greece. Forum, Pompeii, Italy. Colosseum, Rome. Forum of Trajan, Rome. St. Gall Monastery, Switzerland. Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris. The Generalife, Granada, Spain. Piazza San Pietro, Vatican City, Rome. Amboise, France. Anet, France. Melbourne Hall, England. Royal Crescent, Bath, England. Mount Vernon, Virginia. Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts. Versailles, France. Hampton Court Palace, London. Englische Garten, Munich, Germany. Central Park, New York City. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Glossary. References. Index.
How the awareness of u-healthcare service and health conditions affect healthy lifestyle: an empirical analysis based on a u-healthcare service experience.

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are (1) to establish a ubiquitous healthcare (u-healthcare) center for those who wish to use u-healthcare, allowing them to experience the service, and (2) to evaluate the users' awareness and expectations of the service based on their overall assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS To establish the u-healthcare center, a kiosk, devices for health checkup, a body-type examination system, and a physical fitness assessment system were installed. Also, a u-healthcare Web site was developed. A survey was conducted on 280 individuals who visited the u-healthcare center and used the service, to determine (1) individual awareness of u-healthcare before using the service and their change of perception after use, (2) factors that affect the use of u-healthcare, and (3) the effects of disease awareness on exercise habits. RESULTS Only 25.4% of the participants were aware of u-healthcare, and only 36% who saw the u-healthcare center recognized that it was where the u-healthcare service was provided. The group of individuals who were willing to use the u-healthcare showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction with the overall environment of the center, as well as the specificity of the descriptions, examination results, kindness of the staff, and their responses. Additionally, the group of individuals who were diagnosed with chronic diseases and the group who were not showed statistically significant differences in the number of days on which they exercised lightly or took a walk. CONCLUSIONS To promote the usage of u-healthcare service, the understanding of the service and the credibility of examination results need to be increased by sharing successful cases. Furthermore, to expand the use of the system that allows a person to regularly check his or her state of health, a lifelong periodical management system linked with another medical welfare program will be needed.
Voluntary corporate governance with an empirical application

The main idea of the article is to advance some arguments regarding a paradox of corporate governance: if it creates so much value for shareholders why in most countries governance is still heavily regulated by strict codes? The article advances a theoretical framework for the voluntary adoption of better corporate governance practices as influenced by four dimensions: ownership and control issues, capital structure, exit strategies and market performance. I estimate probit panel models with data from Brazilian companies that voluntarily moved to the Novo Mercado (New Market). Results indicate as significant variables representing the need for exit strategies through liquidity and the existence of shareholders’ agreements, while higher capital concentration implies a lower probability of companies voluntarily adopting better governance practices. Also, market drivers such as lower capital costs and performance are not statistically significant.
Mutant superoxide dismutase disrupts cytoplasmic dynein in motor neurons

Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin drive retrograde axonal transport in neurons, and mutations in dynein/dynactin cause motor neuron degeneration. To test whether defects in dynein/dynactin function are involved in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we examined neurotracer transport from muscle to motor neuron in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Significant inhibition was observed, which was temporally correlated with declines in muscle strength. No decrease in dynein/dynactin expression was observed, but immunohistochemistry suggests that dynein associates with aggregates of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1. Expression of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 in primary motor neurons altered the cellular localization of dynein, suggesting an inhibition of dynein/dynactin function. Thus, inhibition of dynein/dynactin function may have a role in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Historical evolution of neuroendovascular surgery of intracranial aneurysms: from coils to polymers

Abstract Objectives: The backbone of neuroendovascular surgery was developed in the decades of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Catheter, balloon and coil technologies were further added to the armamentarium of endovascular treatment of cerebral arterial aneurysms and vasospasm. Material and methods: Development of detachable coils in the early 1990s was a major breakthrough in the management of intracranial arterial aneurysms. We reviewed available literature and evidence and summarized historical landmarks in the development of neuroendovascular surgery for intracranial arterial aneurysms. Conclusion: Current management of intracranial aneurysms is a merge between derived knowledge of early generational concepts and current technology.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PHAEOCYSTIS CORDATA AND P. JAHNII (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE), TWO NEW SPECIES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Two new Phaeocystis species recently discovered in the Mediterranean Sea are described using light and electron microscopy, and their systematic position is discussed on the basis of an analysis of their nuclear‐encoded small‐subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA) sequences. Phaeocystis cordata Zingone et Chrétiennot‐Dinet was observed only as flagellated unicells. Cells are heart shaped, with two flagella of slightly unequal length and a short haptonema. The cell body is covered with two layers of thin scales. The outermost layer scales are oval, with a faint radiating pattern, a raised rim, and a modest central knob. The inner‐layer scales are smaller and have a faint radiate pattern and an inflexed rim. Cells swim with their flagella close together, obscuring the haptonema, pushing the cell, and causing it to rotate about its longitudinal axis while moving forward. Phaeocystis jahnii Zingone was isolated as a nonmotile colony. It forms loose aggregates of cells embedded in a mucilaginous, presumably polysaccharide matrix without a definite shape or visible external envelope. The flagellated stage has the features typical of other Phaeocystis species. Cells are rounded in shape and slightly larger than P. cordata. The cell body is covered with extremely thin scales of two different sizes with a very faint radiating pattern toward their margin. Swimming behavior is similar to that of P. cordata, with the flagella in a posterior position as the cells swim. The SSU rRNA sequence analysis indicated that both species are distinct from other cultivated Phaeocystis species sequenced to date. Regions previously identified as specific for the genus Phaeocystis are not found in P. jahnii, and new genus‐specific regions have been identified. P. cordata is more closely related to the colonial species P. globosa, P. antarctica, and P. pouchetii and has branched prior to the divergence of the warm‐water P. globosa species complex from the cold‐water species P. antarctica and P. pouchetii. These results are discussed within a framework ofthe available data on the evolution of the world’s oceans.
Stonehenge: is the medium the message?

In June ANTIQUITY published a novel contribution by Mike Parker Pearson and his Madagascan colleague Ramilisonina, which addressed the question of the significance of stone at Stonehenge(ANTIQUITY 72: 308–76). They argued that stone symbolized death and the dead, and provided examples from ethnographic studies to support this notion. The paper has stimulated two replies–from John Barrett & Kathryn Fewster, and from Alasdair Whittle. We are pleased to publish these here, as part of the continuing debate on analogy in archaeology, and on Stonehenge.
OFDM Timing Estimation Method without Training Symbol

In this letter, we present timing synchronization method using two consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols which are designed to be cyclic-shifted against each other. Our approach can be viewed as an expansion of Minn's correlation methods. Using the proposed OFDM signal, however, we can estimate the timing offset without any training symbol.
DNA barcoding gap: reliable species identification over morphological and geographical scales

The philosophical basis and utility of DNA barcoding have been a subject of numerous debates. While most literature embraces it, some studies continue to question its use in dipterans, butterflies and marine gastropods. Here, we explore the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying spider species that vary in taxonomic affiliation, morphological diagnosibility and geographic distribution. Our first test searched for a ‘barcoding gap’ by comparing intra‐ and interspecific means, medians and overlap in more than 75 000 computed Kimura 2‐parameter (K2P) genetic distances in three families. Our second test compared K2P distances of congeneric species with high vs. low morphological distinctness in 20 genera of 11 families. Our third test explored the effect of enlarging geographical sampling area at a continental scale on genetic variability in DNA barcodes within 20 species of nine families. Our results generally point towards a high utility of DNA barcodes in identifying spider species. However, the size of the barcoding gap strongly depends on taxonomic groups and practices. It is becoming critical to define the barcoding gap statistically more consistently and to document its variation over taxonomic scales. Our results support models of independent patterns of morphological and molecular evolution by showing that DNA barcodes are effective in species identification regardless of their morphological diagnosibility. We also show that DNA barcodes represent an effective tool for identifying spider species over geographic scales, yet their variation contains useful biogeographic information.
Real-time visualization of 4D cardiac MR images using graphics processing units

Real-time display of dynamic three-dimensional (3D) cardiac images has important applications in minimally invasive image-guided cardiac surgery and therapy. However, in practice, the high computational cost usually prohibits its application in a real-time medical environment, or else the low image quality does not satisfy the clinical requirements. Surface based organ models or orthogonal image planes are often employed instead, but in the process important intra cardiac data are lost, and intuitive spatial anatomical relationships are eliminated. In this paper, we take advantage of the programmability, parallelism and increased computational precision of modern graphics processing units (GPUs) to build a ray casting based real-time 3D rendering engine, directly running on the graphics vertex and fragment processors. This approach provides enhanced image quality similar to software-based implementations, but its rendering speed is competitive with the traditional but inferior quality slice based volume rendering approaches. In addition, we propose a new dynamic volume texture binding technique, and embedded it into our 3D rendering engine to permit visualize the 4D MR cardiac dataset in real-time
Classification of Phishing Email Using Random Forest Machine Learning Technique

Phishing is one of the major challenges faced by the world of e-commerce today. Thanks to phishing attacks, billions of dollars have been lost by many companies and individuals. In 2012, an online report put the loss due to phishing attack at about $1.5 billion. This global impact of phishing attacks will continue to be on the increase and thus requires more efficient phishing detection techniques to curb the menace. This paper investigates and reports the use of random forest machine learning algorithm in classification of phishing attacks, with the major objective of developing an improved phishing email classifier with better prediction accuracy and fewer numbers of features. From a dataset consisting of 2000 phishing and ham emails, a set of prominent phishing email features (identified from the literature) were extracted and used by the machine learning algorithm with a resulting classification accuracy of 99.7% and low false negative (FN) and false positive (FP) rates.
Relevance of Animal Models of Photocarcinogenesis to Humans

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The mTORC2 Complex Regulates Terminal Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

ABSTRACT Rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling, blocks terminal myoblast differentiation. We found that downregulation of rictor, a component of the mTORC2 complex, but not downregulation of raptor, a component of the mTORC1 complex, prevented terminal differentiation (fusion) of C2C12 myoblasts. Both rapamycin and rictor downregulation suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT(S473), and rapamycin treatment of C2C12 myoblasts disrupted the mTORC2 complex. Importantly, downregulation of rictor inhibited TORC2 signaling without inhibiting mTORC1 signaling, suggesting that inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin may not be the cause of arrested differentiation. In support of this, expression of a phosphomimetic mutant AKT(S473D) in rictor-deficient cells rescued myoblast fusion even in the presence of rapamycin. mTORC2 signaling to AKT appears necessary for downregulation of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK1) that occurs during myogenic differentiation. Rapamycin treatment prevented ROCK1 inactivation during differentiation, while suppression of ROCK1 activity during differentiation and myoblast fusion was restored through expression of AKT(S473D), even in the presence of rapamycin. Further, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 restored terminal differentiation in rapamycin-treated myoblasts. These results provide the first evidence of a specific role for mTORC2 signaling in terminal myogenic differentiation.
The VOT 2015 and VOT-TIR 2015 Challenges Submission Report

In this report, we present the details of our submission and the evaluation results on both the visual object tracking (VOT) 2015 and the thermal infrared visual object tracking (VOT-TIR) 2015 challenges. The goal of these challenges is to compare short-term model-free single-object trackers, and serve as the de factor state-of-the-art evaluation platform for visual object tracking. In particular, the VOT challenge focuses on natural RGB video sequences with rotated rectangle ground truth boxes, while the VOT-TIR challenge consists of thermal infrared video sequences with axis-aligned ground truth boxes, see examples in Figures 1 and 2. For more details of the two challenges, we refer the reader to the official challenge reports [3, 1].
Emotional dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized primarily by motor signs but are also accompanied by emotional disturbances. Because of the limited knowledge about these dysfunctions, this Review provides an overview of emotional competencies in Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), with a focus on emotion recognition, emotion regulation, and depression. Most studies indicate facial emotion recognition deficits in HD and PD, whereas data for MS are inconsistent. On a neural level, dysfunctions of amygdala and striatum, among others, have been linked to these impairments. These dysfunctions also tap brain regions that are part of the emotion regulation network, suggesting problems in this competency, too. Research points to dysfunctional emotion regulation in MS, whereas findings for PD and HD are missing. The high prevalence of depression in all three disorders emphasizes the need for effective therapies. Research on emotional disturbances might improve treatment, thereby increasing patients' and caregivers' well‐being. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1727–1743, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation studies on high-field EPR spectra of lipid spin labels in cholesterol-containing membranes

Simulations are presented of 94-GHz and 9-GHz EPR spectra from phospholipid probes spin-labeled at the C4 to C14 positions of the sn-2 chain in liquid-ordered membranes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine that contain 40 mol % cholesterol. Spectra at 94 GHz can be simulated adequately by motional narrowing theory. The latter accounts better for averaging of the gxx/gyy canonical features, with a restricted rotation about the z axis, than do slow-motional descriptions (Brownian and strong-jump) of unrestricted φ rotation. Polarity-corrected g tensors are required for the high-field simulations. These are obtained from measurements at low temperature (−100 °C) by comparing the polarity profile with spin-label position, n, that is based on g0 (i.e., the trace of the g tensor) with that established from simulations of experimental spectra at the measurement temperature of +30 °C. Model simulations for Brownian rotational diffusion indicate that the Azz element of the 14N hyperfine splitting of the 94-GHz spect.
How Double-Fetch Situations turn into Double-Fetch Vulnerabilities: A Study of Double Fetches in the Linux Kernel

We present the first static approach that systematically detects potential double-fetch vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel. Using a pattern-based analysis, we identified 90 double fetches in the Linux kernel. 57 of these occur in drivers, which previous dynamic approaches were unable to detect without access to the corresponding hardware. We manually investigated the 90 occurrences, and inferred three typical scenarios in which double fetches occur. We discuss each of them in detail. We further developed a static analysis, based on the Coccinelle matching engine, that detects double-fetch situations which can cause kernel vulnerabilities. When applied to the Linux, FreeBSD, and Android kernels, our approach found six previously unknown double-fetch bugs, four of them in drivers, three of which are exploitable double-fetch vulnerabilities. All of the identified bugs and vulnerabilities have been confirmed and patched by maintainers. Our approach has been adopted by the Coccinelle team and is currently being integrated into the Linux kernel patch vetting. Based on our study, we also provide practical solutions for anticipating double-fetch bugs and vulnerabilities. We also provide a solution to automatically patch detected double-fetch bugs.
Clinical Benefits of Drug-Eluting Stents: Results From RAVEL and Beyond

Drug-eluting stents have revolutionized interventional cardiology by incorporating drug and device therapy to reduce rates of restenosis. Early trials have addressed the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents. Recent studies have evaluated the use of drug-eluting stents in high-risk populations that were not initially randomized in the early trials. These stents have shown promising outcomes in diabetes, in-stent restenosis, and multivessel disease. The clinical benefits of these stents have been systematically quantified across multiple trials; however, there is a growing debate regarding restenosis and late-stent thrombosis after implantation. Given the expanding indications for drug-eluting stents, the American Heart Association identified it as one of the Top 10 Research Advances for 2005. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current debate surrounding late-stent thrombosis, examine the evidence from leading stent trials, and outline the clinical benefits of drug-eluting stents.