Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Undernutrition in sheep. The effect of supplementation with protein on protein accretion

1. In a comparative-slaughter experiment, individually rationed wether lambs initially of 42 kg were given 235, 362 or 456 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg live weight (LW)0.75 per d as sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw with urea (six lambs per treatment), or NaOH-treated barley straw with urea plus 125 g/d white-fish meal to give 307 or 488 kJ ME/kg LW0.75 per d (seven lambs per treatment) for 92 d. 2. All unsupplemented lambs lost both fat and body protein. The changes in fat were – 3.53, – 2.75 and – 1.40 (SE 0.59) kg (initial value 8.6 kg), and the changes in body protein were –0.47, –0.09 and –0.14 (SE 0.13) kg (initial value 4.9 kg) for the three unsupplemented groups respectively. When supplemented with fish meal, fat was again lost as –1.53 and –0.93 (SE 0.55) kg, but wool-free body protein was increased, and gains were 0.48 and 0.89 (SE 0.12) kg for the two supplemented groups respectively. All animals lost wool-free body energy, total changes being –150, – 111, – 59 and –49 and – 16 MJ respectively. When corrected to an equal ME intake the supplemented lambs, when compared with the unsupplemented lambs, gained (instead of losing) body protein (P < 0.001) and lost less fat (P < 0.05). Wool growth did not respond to supplemental protein, but was related to ME intake with an increase of 0.78 g wool fibre for each additional MJ ME. 3. The maintenance requirements of the unsupplemented and supplemented groups respectively were estimated by regression analysis to be 554 and 496 kJ ME/kg LW0.75 per d. The apparent utilization of ME below energy equilibrium (km) was 0.31 (SE 0.08) for the unsupplemented animals, and 0.12 (SE 0.10) for the supplemented animals, well below akm, of 0.70 which current UK standards (Agricultural Research Council, 1980) would predict. Most of these differences could be reconciled if basal metabolism was assumed not to be constant. 4. It is concluded that lambs in negative energy balance can continue lean body growth at the expense of body fat, provided sufficient dietary protein is available. It is also concluded that since the animals at the lowest ME intakes required less ME than predicted by current feeding standards, the effect was that it would have been difficult to distinguish between the apparent utilization of ME for maintenance (km) and for fattening (kf).
Introduction 2. a Non-impartial Partial Overview of Speech Error Research

The purpose of the workshop commemorated in this volume was to assemble leading researchers in the field of speech errors (a.k.a. slips of the tongue) to exchange ideas in conjunction with a wider group of linguists of varied interests and backgrounds gathered for the Linguistic Society of America Institute (cohosted by MIT and Harvard University in the summer of 2005). The goals of doing this were
Stress in the sex trade and beyond: Women working in the sex trade talk about the emotional stressors in their working and home lives

There is an extensive body of research literature on female sex trade workers’ risks of sexually transmitted infections including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We also have a vast literature on the physical assaults and violence experienced by female sex trade workers while working. However, we know relatively little about other aspects of the women's health, and especially the ways in which social relations within both their working and private lives affect their emotional health. This qualitative research, which is based on 68 semi-structured interviews with female sex trade workers who work in a variety of different settings, describes and examines the emotional stressors in female prostitutes lives, and shows how stressors permeate both their working and home lives. Although some of the women utilize various strategies to reduce the stressors and are not simply victims of their circumstances and the conditions that shape their lives, their stories point to a clear opening for a critical public health to support the development of programmes and policies that might respond to these issues and improve the health and well-being of many women who work in the industry.
Morphogenetic Robotics: An Emerging New Field in Developmental Robotics

Developmental robotics is also known as epigenetic robotics. We propose in this paper that there is one substantial difference between developmental robotics and epigenetic robotics, since epigenetic robotics concentrates primarily on modeling the development of cognitive elements of living systems in robotic systems, such as language, emotion, and social skills, while developmental robotics should also cover the modeling of neural and morphological development in single- and multirobot systems. With the recent rapid advances in evolutionary developmental biology and systems biology, increasing genetic and cellular principles underlying biological morphogenesis have been revealed. These principles are helpful not only in understanding biological development, but also in designing self-organizing, self-reconfigurable, and self-repairable engineered systems. In this paper, we propose morphogenetic robotics, an emerging new field in developmental robotics, is an important part of developmental robotics in addition to epigenetic robotics. By morphogenetic robotics, we mean a class of methodologies in robotics for designing self-organizing, self-reconfigurable, and self-repairable single- or multirobot systems, using genetic and cellular mechanisms governing biological morphogenesis. We categorize these methodologies into three areas, namely, morphogenetic swarm robotic systems, morphogenetic modular robots, and morphogenetic body and brain design for robots. Examples are provided for each of the three areas to illustrate the main ideas underlying the morphogenetic approaches to robotics.
Bimanual handwriting reveals delayed interhemispheric integration in childhood stuttering

Three age groups each (6 to 8, 9 to 11, 12 to 15 years) of right‐handed male stutterers and nonstutterers performed a bimanual handwriting task under five conditions: Condition 1) bimanual handwriting, no vocalization; Condition 2) replication of Condition 1; Condition 3) bimanual handwriting with concurrent vocalization of the letter or digit being written; Condition 4) bimanual handwriting of a letter or digit with attention directed to the left hand; and Condition 5) bimanual handwriting of a letter or digit with attention directed to the right hand. Differences in bimanual handwriting organization and in mirror reversals of digits and letters suggest the hypothesis that interhemispheric integration emerges around age 9 for non‐stutterers, but remains immature at least through age 15 for stutterers.
Molecular characteristics and gene segment usage in IGH gene rearrangements in multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Analysis of IgH rearrangements in B-cell malignancies has provided clinical researchers with a wide range of information during the last few years. However, only a few studies have contributed to the characterization of these features in multiple myeloma (MM), and they have been focused on the analysis of the expressed IgH allele only. Comparison between the expressed and the non-functional IgH alleles allows further characterizion of the selection processes to which pre-myeloma cells are submitted. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 84 untreated MM patients in order to characterize their functional VDJH and non-functional DJH rearrangements. The pattern of mutations and gene segment usage for both types of rearrangements was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RESULTS VH3 and VH1 family members were over- and under-represented, respectively. VH3-30 and VH3-15 segments were the most frequently used, whereas VH4-34 was found only in non-functional or heavily mutated VDJH rearrangements. DH2 and DH3 family members were over-represented in both VDJH and DJH repertoires, while the DH1 family was under-represented only in the productive VDJH rearrangements. Finally, DH3-22 and DH2-21 gene segments were found to be over-represented in the functional repertoire while segments commonly used by less mature B-cell malignancies, such as DH6-19 or DH3-3, were under-represented. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Data reported here help to identify the clonogenic MM cell as a post-germinal center B cell that has undergone selection processes during the germinal center reaction.
Holland's Personality Theory and the Prediction of Tourism Behavior

Abstract The paper examines Holland's (1973, 1985a) theory of personality types and considers its application to leisure-type tourism behavior. Propositions are advanced which suggest the personality types most likely to be interested in visiting certain kinds of tourist attractions and the level of satisfaction likely to be derived from the visit. Areas for future research are indicated.
Leadership, climate, psychological capital, commitment, and wellbeing in a non‐profit organization

Purpose – This exploratory study aims to examine the effects of leadership on organizational climate, employee psychological capital, commitment, and wellbeing in a religious/church‐based non‐profit organization.Design/methodology/approach – Leadership effects are investigated using established scales including the transformational leadership scale, (TLS), organizational climate questionnaire (OCQ), positive and negative affect scale (PANAS), psychological capital (PsyCap), and organizational commitment. It is a context‐based study that considers a unique organizational culture that comprises social, political, economic, technological, personnel, and personal facets. The survey was administered across a large religious/church‐based non‐profit organization.Findings – The findings show strong positive relationships between employee ratings of their immediate supervisor's transformational leadership and employee ratings of organizational climate, wellbeing, employee commitment and psychological capital. Addi.
Penumbral Tissues Salvaged by Reperfusion Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

The rat is now extensively used for studies on focal cerebral ischemia, and several novel pharmacological principles have been worked out in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The objective of the present study was to assess how ischemic tissue can be salvaged by reperfusion in a model of transient focal ischemia that gives infarction of both the caudoputamen and the neocortex. Methods The middle cerebral artery of anesthetized rats was occluded for 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 minutes by an intraluminal filament, and recirculation was instituted for 7 days to allow assessment of the density and localization of ischemic brain damage using histopathologic techniques. Local cerebral blood flow was measured in separate animals to verify that removal of the filament was followed by adequate recirculation. Results Following 15 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion seven of eight rats showed selective neuronal necrosis in the caudoputamen, while the neocortex was normal. After 30 minutes of occlusion, seven of eight animals had infarcts localized to the lateral caudoputamen, and four of eight had selective neuronal necrosis in the neocortex. Prolongation of the ischemia to 60 minutes induced cortical infarction in all eight rats. The infarct size increased progressively with increasing occlusion time, up to 120–180 minutes, when the infarcts were as extensive as those observed following 24 hours of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Conclusions The results demonstrate a time window for salvage of penumbral tissues by reperfusion that is shorter than that suggested on the basis of previous data in other species. The results probably reflect a lower collateral blood flow in the rat than in other species. This should be taken into account when the effect of pharmacological agents is studied in rats.
The Sirens’ voices? Field practices and dialogue in geography

This paper responds to recent demands for greater discussion between physical and human geographers over common conceptualizations and entities. I argue that one possible way in which to conduct such a dialogue would be through considerations of reconceptualized modes of fieldwork practice across the discipline of geography and cognate disciplines. In consequence, I examine such concepts of fieldwork, encompassing diverse attempts such as an ethnographic politics of location and new visions of geomorphological practice. In so doing, I indicate some of the broader potentialities available to historians and philosophers of field science.
Environment exploration with visual FastSLAM technique: Experiments and results

In this work we investigate the exploration of an environment with multiple vehicles using a strategy based on occupancy grids and a technique of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The exploration strategy uses concepts of costs and utility from frontier cells. Besides, the used SLAM method is based on a FastSLAM algorithm with landmarks extracted from visual sensors and a common map of characteristics. Both activities are coordinated by a central agent. The results obtained by simulation show that when two vehicles can communicate with a central agent building a common map of characteristics, the exploration task becomes more efficient than that performed with only one vehicle. This occurs because the exploration time is reduced while the accuracy of vehicle position and orientation is maintained or even improved with the same number of particles.
Activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase in Argentinean children living at high altitude

ABSTRACT Background: Children living at high altitude in San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), Argentina, were shown to have lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than Buenos Aires (BA) children. HDL antioxidant capacity is mainly attributed to paraoxonase1 (PON1). Objective: To compare PON1 activity in indigenous SAC vs. BA children. Methods: A cross-sectional study compared 158 SAC vs. 97 BA children (6–16 years). Anthropometric data and lipoprotein profile were measured. PON1 was evaluated employing paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE) activity. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower in SAC than in BA children (18.3 vs. 30.9%). Triglycerides (1.34 vs. 0.90 mmol/l), apo B (0.84 vs.0.72 g/l), apo A-I (1.33 vs. 1.27 g/l), and ARE activity (100 vs. 90 µmol/ml/min) were higher, while HDL-C (1.16 vs. 1.32 mmol/l) and PON activity (170 vs. 203 nmol/ml/min) were lower in SAC than in BA. Separate multiple linear regression analyses showed that SAC children had significantly higher triglyceride (Beta −0.38), apo B (Beta −0.34), and ARE (Beta −0.36) plus lower HDL-C (Beta 0.33) and PON (Beta 0.25) compared with BA; adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. Conclusion: SAC showed an unfavorable lipoprotein profile, lower PON and higher ARE activities compared with BA children, suggesting the presence of altered HDL metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
Learning Propositional Functions for Planning and Reinforcement Learning

Massive state spaces are ubiquitous throughout planning and reinforcement learning (RL) domains: agents involved in furniture assembly, cooking automation and backgammon must grapple with problem formalisms that are much too expansive to solve by conventional tabular approaches. Modern tabular planning and RL techniques bypass this difficulty by using propositional functions to transfer knowledge across states – both within and across problem instances – to solve for near optimal behaviors in very large state spaces. We present a means by which useful propositional functions can be inferred from observations of transition dynamics. Our approach is based upon distilling salient relational values between pairs of objects. We then use these learned propositional functions to free the RL algorithm deterministic object-oriented RMAX (DOORMAX) of its dependence on expert-provided propositional functions. We also empirically demonstrate high correspondence between these learned propositional functions and expert-provided propositional functions. Our novel DOORMAX algorithm performs at a level near that of classic DOORMAX.
Indexed Grammars—An Extension of Context-Free Grammars

A new type of grammar for generating formal languages, called an indexed grammar, is presented. An indexed grammar is an extension of a context-free grammar, and the class of languages generated by indexed grammars has closure properties and decidability results similar to those for context-free languages. The class of languages generated by indexed grammars properly includes all context-free languages and is a proper subset of the class of context-sensitive languages. Several subclasses of indexed grammars generate interesting classes of languages.
Rapid Developmnt of High-Quality Customizable and Adaptable Software for Digital Signal Processors

Dramatic advances in computer and communication technologies have greatly promoted the growth of embedded telecommunication systems. The software for these applications is becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex and this trend will accelerate over the next few years with the development of "software-defined telephony". We present an approach for developing rigorous techniques for rapidly constructing highly dependable embedded applications. It emphasizes the use of standard software frameworks, down-loadable and updatable code modules, and commercial-off-the-shelf components to construct complex and dynamically changing embedded software systems. Our domain-specific focus is used to leverage the special characteristics of real-time embedded programs to develop deep knowledge bases, tools, and techniques for achieving accelerated development schedules and high-quality assurance.
Fixing a Balanced Knockout Tournament

Balanced knockout tournaments are one of the most common formats for sports competitions, and are also used in elections and decision-making. We consider the computational problem of finding the optimal draw for a particular player in such a tournament. The problem has generated considerable research within AI in recent years. We prove that checking whether there exists a draw in which a player wins is NP-complete, thereby settling an outstanding open problem. Our main result has a number of interesting implications on related counting and approximation problems. We present a memoization-based algorithm for the problem that is faster than previous approaches. Moreover, we highlight two natural cases that can be solved in polynomial time. All of our results also hold for the more general problem of counting the number of draws in which a given player is the winner.
The interaction of IQGAP 1 with the exocyst complex is required for tumor cell invasion downstream of Cdc 42 and RhoA

© 2008 Sakurai-Yageta et al. The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 181 No. 6 985–998 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200709076 JCB 985 M. Sakurai-Yageta and C. Recchi contributed equally to this paper. Correspondence to Philippe Chavrier: philippe.chavrier@curie.fr M. Sakurai-Yageta ’ s present address is Division of Molecular Pathology, Dept. of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. C. Recchi ’ s present address is Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Abbreviations used in this paper: F-actin, fi lamentous actin; MMP, metalloproteinase; MT, membrane type; WT, wild type. The online version of this article contains supplemental material. Introduction
DREAM

Software-defined networks can enable a variety of concurrent, dynamically instantiated, measurement tasks, that provide fine-grain visibility into network traffic. Recently, there have been many proposals to configure TCAM counters in hardware switches to monitor traffic. However, the TCAM memory at switches is fundamentally limited and the accuracy of the measurement tasks is a function of the resources devoted to them on each switch. This paper describes an adaptive measurement framework, called DREAM, that dynamically adjusts the resources devoted to each measurement task, while ensuring a user-specified level of accuracy. Since the trade-off between resource usage and accuracy can depend upon the type of tasks, their parameters, and traffic characteristics, DREAM does not assume an a priori characterization of this trade-off, but instead dynamically searches for a resource allocation that is sufficient to achieve a desired level of accuracy. A prototype implementation and simulations with three network-wide measurement tasks (heavy hitter, hierarchical heavy hitter and change detection) and diverse traffic show that DREAM can support more concurrent tasks with higher accuracy than several other alternatives.
Green Fluorescent Protein Tagging of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and p38 Pathways Reveals Novel Dynamics of Pathway Activation during Primary and Metastatic Growth

We describe a novel approach that allows detection of primary and metastatic cells in vivo in which either the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or the p38 pathway is activated. Our recent findings showed that ERK and p38 kinases regulate, respectively, programs dictating cell proliferation (high ERK-to-p38 ratio) or growth arrest and dormancy (low ERK-to-p38 ratio) in vivo. Thus, we were able to use green fluorescent protein (GFP) to reflect ERK and p38 activities and, consequently, the proliferative state of cancer cells. This was accomplished by transfecting tumorigenic T-HEp3 and HT1080 cells, and dormant D-HEp3 cells, with plasmids coding for Elk-GAL4 or CHOP-GAL4 fusion proteins that, when phosphorylated by either ERK or p38, respectively, transactivated a GFP-reporter gene. The fate of these cells was examined in culture, in primary sites, and in spontaneous metastasis in chick embryos and nude mice. In culture GFP level was directly proportional to the previously established levels of ERK or p38 activation. In contrast, during the first 24 hours of in vivo inoculation, both the tumorigenic and the dormant cells strongly activated the p38 pathway. However, in the tumorigenic cells, p38 activity was rapidly silenced, correcting the ERK/p38 imbalance and contributing to high ERK activity throughout the entire period of tumor growth. In contrast, in the small nodules formed by dormant cells, the level of ERK activity was dramatically reduced, whereas p38 activity remained high. Strong activation of ERK was evident in metastatic sites, whereas p38 activation was silenced in this anatomic location as well. These results show that it is possible to directly measure cancer cell response to microenvironment with this reporter system and that only proliferation-competent cells have the ability to rapidly adapt ERK and p38 signaling for proliferative success. This approach allows isolation and further characterization of metastatic cells with specific signaling signatures indicative of their phenotypes.