Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Range Information to Detect Spoofing in Platoons of Vehicles

GNSS are well known to be accurate providers of position information across the globe. Because of high signal availabilities, capable/robust receivers, and well-populated satellite constellations, operators typically believe that the location information provided by their GNSS receiver is correct. More sophisticated users are concerned with the integrity of the derived location information. Attacks on GNSS availability and integrity are known as jamming and spoofing. Jamming involves the transmission of signals that interfere with GNSS reception so that the receiver is unable to provide a position or time solution; various methods to detect jamming, and possibly overcome it, have been considered in the literature. Spoofing is the transmission of counterfeit GNSS signals so as to mislead a GNSS receiver into reporting an inaccurate position or time. If undetected, spoofing might be much more dangerous than a jamming attack. A variety of approaches have been proposed in the literature to recognize spoofing. Of interest here are methods which compare GNSS information to measurements available from other, non-GNSS sensors. Recent ION conferences have included several examinations of combining GNSS and non-GNSS data toward spoof detection. This paper considers the use of range-only information to detect GNSS spoofing of a platoon of vehicles equipped with inter-vehicle communications: a statistical model of the problem is developed in which the spoofer is assumed to have limited geographical impact (i.e. only spoofs a subset, nominally one, of the vehicles in the platoon); under a Neyman-Pearson formulation the (generalized) likelihood ratio test to fuse the GNSS and range measurements is presented; examples are included to demonstrate the resulting performance.
The structural basis for partitioning of the XRCC1/DNA ligase III-α BRCT-mediated dimer complexes

The ultimate step common to almost all DNA repair pathways is the ligation of the nicked intermediate to form contiguous double-stranded DNA. In the mammalian nucleotide and base excision repair pathways, the ligation step is carried out by ligase III-α. For efficient ligation, ligase III-α is constitutively bound to the scaffolding protein XRCC1 through interactions between the C-terminal BRCT domains of each protein. Although structural data for the individual domains has been available, no structure of the complex has been determined and several alternative proposals for this interaction have been advanced. Interpretation of the models is complicated by the formation of homodimers that, depending on the model, may either contribute to, or compete with heterodimer formation. We report here the structures of both homodimer complexes as well as the heterodimer complex. Structural characterization of the heterodimer formed from a longer XRCC1 BRCT domain construct, including residues comprising the interdomain linker region, revealed an expanded heterodimer interface with the ligase III-α BRCT domain. This enhanced linker-mediated binding interface plays a significant role in the determination of heterodimer/homodimer selectivity. These data provide fundamental insights into the structural basis of BRCT-mediated dimerization, and resolve questions related to the organization of this important repair complex.
Distinct Phenotypes Associated with Increasing Dosage of the PLP Gene: Implications for CMT1A Due to PMP22 Gene Duplication

ABSTRACT: Increased dosage of the proteolipid protein (Plp) gene causes CNS disease (Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease [PMD]), which has many similarities to disorders of the PNS associated with duplication of the peripheral myelin protein‐22 (PMP22) gene locus. Transgenic mice carrying extra copies of the wild‐type Plp gene provide a valid model of PMD. Variations in gene dosage can cause a wide range of phenotypes from severe, lethal dysmyelination through late‐onset demyelination. A predilection for different fiber diameters may occur within the various phenotypes with dysmyelination being more obvious in large fibers and late‐onset degeneration predominantly affecting small fibers. Although the frequency of apoptotic oligodendrocytes is increased with high gene dosage, the number of mature oligodendrocytes appears adequate. Oligodendrocytes in the dysmyelinated CNS express a range of genes typical of mature cells, yet are unable to assemble sufficient myelin. Oligodendrocytes contain abnormal vacuoles and stain intensely for PLP and other proteins such as MAG. The findings suggest that with high gene dosage much of the PLP, and possibly other proteins, is missorted and degraded in the lysosomal system.
International remittances and well-being in Sub-saharan Africa

This paper examines the impact of international remittances on well-being in sub-Saharan Africa, using a set of cross-country data drawn from 38 countries and a multiple regression analysis. The result obtained from the analysis indicates that international remittances have to some extent contributed to the improvement of well-being in sub-Saharan Africa. However, for international remittances to continue to be relevant to the well-being of the people of sub-Saharan Africa, measures such as sound macroeconomic policy, flexible financial sector infrastructure and low transaction cost of fund transfers, conducive investment climate with stable political environment, adequate checks on the incidence of money laundering, greater transparency in the transfer of fund between the sender, the disbursing agent and the receiver, adequate protection of the customers, financial security and risk management practices were suggested. Key words: Remittances, well-being, Africa.
Combining multiple knife-edge diffraction and ground reflections for terrain path loss calculation

This paper presents a new method based on the image theory and multiple knife-edge diffraction for calculating the terrain path loss. As an example, the attenuation of a special double knife-edge problem with ground reflection is calculated. The proposed method can be extended to multiple knife-edge diffraction easily. The mathematical computation involved in this method is less than the other methods which consider the ground reflections as well as multiple knife-edge diffractions. Furthermore, based on the proposed method, some insignificant paths can be omitted to reduce the amount of the computation.
Understanding multi-stakeholder dialogue the emerging concept of community of practice

Multi-stakeholder dialogues (MSDs) are initiatives devoted to participative processes of consultation and decision-making (Hemmati, 2002). They involve national and international actors such as businesses, governments, NGOs and civil society. Over the last decade, MSDs have come to the forefront to address pressing global challenges such as sustainable development, climate change, the fight against corruption and the role of business in conflict prevention. The academic literature on those processes has so far highlighted their potential to foster collective learning (Payne and Calton, 2002; Calton and Payne, 2003), consensus building through problemsolving (Turcotte and Pasquero, 2001) and interactive decision-making (Yosie and Herbst, 1998). However an important aspect which has so far been neglected by the academic literature is the way participants experience and conceptualize those initiatives. This paper will analyse a case study of two MSD initiatives organized by the UN Global Compact (UNGC) and Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) as part of the project of “Responsible Business and Investment in Conflict-affected Areas”. According to the data being gathered it will be shown how MSDs are primarily described as communities of practitioners in which interpersonal relationships among the participants involved are nurtured through discussions and dialogues on common areas of interest. By showing the similarities between the participants’ descriptions of these two initiatives and the main tenets defining a “community of practice” as conceptualized by Wenger (1998), Wenger et al. (2002), conclusions and recommendations for further studies will be proposed. O Multi-stakeholder dialogue
Intravenous bisphosphonate prevents symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral collapse in patients after liver transplantation.

Osteoporosis is common in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease, and atraumatic spinal fracture is a recognized complication after orthotopic liver transplantation. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclast bone resorption and have been successfully used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined whether preoperative bone mineral density can predict the risk of fracture after orthotopic liver transplantation and whether intravenous bisphosphonate can prevent fractures in high-risk patients. Beginning in February 1993, standard bone mineral density measurements of the lumbar spine were performed as part of routine pretransplantation assessment. On the basis of a preliminary analysis from January 1995, patients with a lumbar spine bone mineral density of <0.84 g/cm2, or <84% of the predicted value (age/sex), were treated with intravenous bisphosphonate (pamidronate disodium) every 3 months before and for 9 months after liver transplantation. Bone mineral density measurements were available in 90 of 136 consecutive first transplants performed in our unit from February 1993 to September 1996. Before the use of pamidronate, 7 patients sustained symptomatic vertebral fractures. Their mean spine bone mineral density was lower than in the 38 patients with no clinical evidence of fracture (81.8% +/- 12.3% v 94.2% +/- 10.2%; P = .006). Since the introduction of pamidronate, no symptomatic vertebral fractures have occurred. Of 29 surviving patients with bone mineral density <0.84 g/cm2 before transplantation, 38% who did not receive treatment with pamidronate suffered spontaneous fracture, whereas 0 of 13 who received treatment suffered such a complication. A low lumbar spine bone mineral density is associated with a high risk of symptomatic vertebral fracture after liver transplantation. These results suggest that this risk is considerably reduced by the administration of intravenous bisphosphonate before and after transplantation.
Conversion From Cyclosporine to Everolimus at 4.5 Months Posttransplant: 3‐Year Results From the Randomized ZEUS Study

The long‐term effect of conversion from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy to an mTOR inhibitor requires clarification. Following completion of the 12‐month, open‐label, multicenter ZEUS study, in which 300 kidney transplant recipients were randomized to continue cyclosporine (CsA) or convert to everolimus at 4.5 months posttransplant, outcomes were assessed at month 36 (n = 284; 94.7%). CNI therapy was reintroduced in 28.4% of everolimus patients by month 36. The primary efficacy endpoint, estimated glomerular filtration rate (Nankivell, ANCOVA) was significantly higher with everolimus versus the CsA group at month 24 (7.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI 4.3, 11.0 mL/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001) and month 36 (7.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI 3.6, 11.4 mL/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001). The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection from randomization to month 36 was 13.0% in the everolimus arm and 4.8% in the CsA arm (p = 0.015). Patient and graft survival, as well as incidences of malignancy, severe infections and hospitalization, were similar between groups. Kidney transplant patients who are converted from CsA to everolimus at month 4.5 and who remain on everolimus thereafter may achieve a significant improvement in renal function that is maintained to 3 years. There was a significantly higher rate of rejection in the everolimus arm but this did not exert a deleterious effect by 3 years posttransplant.
Engineering and rapid selection of a low‐affinity glucose/galactose‐binding protein for a glucose biosensor

Periplasmic expression screening is a selection technique used to enrich high‐affinity proteins in Escherichia coli. We report using this screening method to rapidly select a mutated D‐glucose/D‐galactose‐binding protein (GGBP) having low affinity to glucose. Wild‐type GGBP has an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.2 μM and mediates the transport of glucose within the periplasm of E. coli. The protein undergoes a large conformational change on binding glucose and, when labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, GGBP can relay glucose concentrations, making it of potential interest as a biosensor for diabetics. This use necessitates altering the glucose affinity of GGBP, bringing it into the physiologically relevant range for monitoring glucose in humans (1.7–33 mM). To accomplish this a focused library was constructed using structure‐based site‐saturation mutagenesis to randomize amino acids in the binding pocket of GGBP at or near direct H‐bonding sites and screening the library within the bacterial periplasm. After selection, equilibrium dissociation constants were confirmed by glucose titration and fluorescence monitoring of purified mutants labeled site‐specifically at E149C with the fluorophore IANBD (N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐(iodoacetyl)‐N′‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)ethylene‐diamine). The screening identified a single mutation A213R that lowers GGBP glucose affinity 5000‐fold to 1 mM. Computational modeling suggested the large decrease in affinity was accomplished by the arginine side chain perturbing H‐bonding and increasing the entropic barrier to the closed conformation. Overall, these experiments demonstrate the ability of structure‐based site‐saturation mutagenesis and periplasmic expression screening to discover low‐affinity GGBP mutants having potential utility for measuring glucose in humans.
Detection of RF unsafe devices using a parallel transmission MR system

The permanent presence of devices (pacemakers) inside a patient, or the need to use other devices (catheters), for diagnosis and treatment, usually represents a contraindication for a magnetic resonance examination. To help overcome this problem, a novel and noninvasive magnetic resonance system‐based concept is proposed to detect potentially unsafe radio frequency (RF) conditions of such devices to ensure patient safety.
Activities, Actants and Actors: Theoretical Perspectives on Development Practice and Practitioners

Abstract This chapter falls into two parts. The first offers a theoretical overview of three actor perspectives on issues of development intervention: (a) activity theory, (b) actor-network theory and (c) actor-oriented interface analysis. The second provides an illustrated discussion of the usefulness of actor perspectives for understanding the encounters that take place between ‘development experts’ (local and foreign) and so-called ‘beneficiaries’. The argument draws upon ethnographic data relating to issues of development interface, actor identities, networks and discourse.
Optimal acquisition schemes for in vivo quantitative magnetization transfer MRI

This paper uses the theory of Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) to obtain optimal acquisition schemes for in vivo quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, although the method is generally applicable to any multiparametric MRI technique. Quantitative MT fits a two‐pool model to data collected at different sampling points or settings of amplitude and offset frequency in the MT saturation pulses. Here we use simple objective functions based on the CRLB to optimize sampling strategies for multiple parameters simultaneously, and use simulated annealing to minimize these objective functions with respect to the sampling configuration. Experiments compare optimal schemes derived for quantitative MT in the human white matter (WM) at 1.5T with previously published schemes using both synthetic and human‐brain data. Results show large reductions in error of the fitted parameters with the new schemes, which greatly increases the clinical potential of in vivo quantitative MT. Since the sampling‐scheme optimization requires specific settings of the MT parameters, we also show that the optimum schemes are robust to these settings within the range of MT parameters observed in the brain. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The myosin alkali light chain proteins and their genes.

In all eukaryotes, actin and myosin play a role in the maintenance of cell shape and in cellular movement (e.g. reviewed by Korn, 1978). In the muscles of multicellular organisms actomyosin is the principal structural component of the sarcomere, the unit of the muscle fibre. Movement is effected by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments over each other, with accompanying hydrolysis of ATP providing energy for this process, which is regulated by calcium-sensitive myofibrillar proteins (see Bagshaw, 1982, for review). The myosin molecule consists oftwo heavy chains (MHC, ofMr about 220000) each with a globular head region where the ATPase activity is situated, and a filamentous, rod-like tail, and four associated light chains (of Mr 15000-30000),two so-called regulatory or DTNB light chains (MLC2) and two alkali light chains (MLC1, MLC3). It is the alkali myosin light chain proteins and their genes which are the subject of this review. The function of the alkali light chains is not clear. It has been shown that, although these light chains are associated with the globular region of the myosin molecule, probably near the head/tail junction (Flicker et al., 1983; Sellers & Harvey, 1984), they do not modify the ATPase activity of isolated myosin heavy chains (e.g. Wagner & Giniger, 1981; Sivaramakrishnan & Burke, 1982). Other experiments (e.g. Wagner & Weeds, 1977; Winstanley et al., 1979; Trayer & Trayer, 1985) would suggest that they play a role in the interaction of the head region of myosin with actin. It has become clear in the last few years, however, that distinct isoforms of the myosin alkali light chains are present in different muscles and in non-muscle cells, suggesting that these isoforms are associated with the different contractile properties of these tissues. This is also the case for the actins and myosin heavy chains. The presence of different isoforms of the contractile proteins in different adult and developing muscles (for review see Buckingham & Minty, 1983) raises interesting questions, not only about their function, but also about the regulation ofthe corresponding genes. Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to isolate the mRNA and gene sequences of families such as that of the myosin alkali light chains, which can be used to address such questions. The contribution of this type of approach to research on muscle, and the interest of muscle as a model system for the molecular biologist in which to ask fundamental questions about gene regulations, are complementary aspects discussed in this review. The myosin alkali light chain isoforms and their genes
A comparative study of optimization algorithms for correction of radar system error

The most important feature of radar on missile is target tracking. However, due to the radar's type of belt drive, there is a vibration resistance problem that brings too large radar system error in vibration condition between arc tooth structure. The purpose of this paper is to achieve the reduction of radar system error by using intelligent algorithms to adjust parameters of radar control system and looking for the optimum combination of parameters. In this study, based on the existing missile's radar control system model, we set up six performance indicators to evaluate radar system error. Therafter, the traditional Genetic Algorithm(GA), the Improved Genetic Algorithms(IGA), the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), the Particle Swarm Optimization - Improved Genetic Algorithm (PSO-IGA) were used for making the performance function minimum. The results show that it can effectively reduce radar system error by adjusting the parameters, and PSO-IGA overwhelms the others in terms of the quality of solutions and convergence rate.
Decreased Use of Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Decision Aid with Individualized Risk Information

Objective . Oncology patients often seek involvement in their medical consultations. Such involvement is endorsed by most health care providers and mirrored in practice guidelines. However, oncologists exhibit great variation in how they provide patients with disease-relevant information, and many remain reluctant to do so at all. The authors examined the impact of a patient-specific decision aid on women’s decisions about adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Method . 386 women with breast cancer were randomized to receive either an informational pamphlet about adjuvant therapy (usual care) or a patient-specific, evidence-based decision aid about adjuvant therapy. The authors compared rates of adjuvant therapy between the groups controlling for age, education, marital status, race, tumor severity, and practice type of their physician (university-based or community-based). Results . Among women with low tumor severity, only 58% (35/60) of women in the decision aid group chose adjuvant therapy, compared to 87% (33/38) of their counterparts in usual care (P < 0.01). Conclusions . This study illustrates the important impact of medical decision aids on treatment choices, particularly for patients for whom treatment has little benefit. In the case of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, providing individualized, evidence-based risk information for shared decision making resulted in fewer women with low tumor severity choosing adjuvant treatment.
Effective association clusters filtering to cold-start recommendations

In this paper, we focus on how to overcome cold-start problem in the traditional research of recommendations system(RS). The popular technique of RS is collaborative filtering(CF). While in real online RS, CF can't practically solve cold-start problem for the sparsity ratings dataset. In this paper, we propose a novel efficiently association clusters filtering(ACF) algorithm. Considering hybrid approaches, using clustering and also filtering to relieve cold-start problem. ACF algorithm establishes clusters models based on the ratings matrix. We assume the users in the same cluster, they will have the same interests. On the other hand, different users in different clusters present they will have less common interests. The more users ratings for some item in the cluster, can delegate the opinion of the cluster. So we can use the opinion of the cluster to predict the unkowned ratings. Throught the experiments, our method can enlarge the prediction scope and improve the accuracy.
Single process for manufacturing spheres with a lipid base (HCO)

Pellets and spheres are manufactured in the pharmaceutical industry by various processes which are not always easily automated. In this paper, a ‘single pot process’ is described using rotary fluid bed granulation with lipid fillers. This technology is based on wet granulation of powder components, continuously suspended in a fluidized air with a tangentially sprayed liquid solution. After a previous work devoted to selection of matrix filler, this work focuses on lipid component: hydrogenated castor oil, used as matrix filler associated with theophylline as tracer. Spheres manufactured can be introduced either directly into a hard gelatine capsule or compressed as tablets. The influence of the formulation and process parameters on the sphere manufacture in terms of feasibility is studied with in vitro tests. Spraying time and weight of liquid sprayed are found to be the most relevant parameters that governed the final quality of the sphere.