Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proposal of a Flooding-based Flexible Search Method for Chord Networks

s Recently, peer-to-peer (P2P) network models have been attracting considerable attention. P2P models can be classified into structured and unstructured P2P models. Representative search methods for structured and unstructured P2P networks are Chord and Flooding, respectively. It is difficult to realize flexible search in Chord networks. On the other hand, a large number of query transmissions are required for Flooding. In this study, we propose a Flooding-based search method for Chord networks. Our method works separately from the traditional search method for Chord networks. It suppresses the transmission of redundant queries by considering the topological properties of the structured networks and enables flexible search in Chord networks. Through simulation experiments, we evaluate the performance of the proposed search method and show its effectiveness.
Backward and trigger-based language models for statistical machine translation

Abstract The language model is one of the most important knowledge sources for statistical machine translation. In this article, we present two extensions to standard n-gram language models in statistical machine translation: a backward language model that augments the conventional forward language model, and a mutual information trigger model which captures long-distance dependencies that go beyond the scope of standard n-gram language models. We introduce algorithms to integrate the two proposed models into two kinds of state-of-the-art phrase-based decoders. Our experimental results on Chinese/Spanish/Vietnamese-to-English show that both models are able to significantly improve translation quality in terms of BLEU and METEOR over a competitive baseline.
Mutations of human TMHS cause recessively inherited non-syndromic hearing loss

Background: Approximately half the cases of prelingual hearing loss are caused by genetic factors. Identification of genes causing deafness is a crucial first step in understanding the normal function of these genes in the auditory system. Recently, a mutant allele of Tmhs was reported to be associated with deafness and circling behaviour in the hurry-scurry mouse. Tmhs encodes a predicted tetraspan protein of unknown function, which is expressed in inner ear hair cells. The human homologue of Tmhs is located on chromosome 6p. Objective: To determine the cause of deafness in four consanguineous families segregating recessive deafness linked to markers on chromosome 6p21.1-p22.3 defining a novel DFNB locus. Results: A novel locus for non-syndromic deafness DFNB67 was mapped in an interval of approximately 28.51 cM on human chromosome 6p21.1-p22.3. DNA sequence analysis of TMHS revealed a homozygous frameshift mutation (246delC) and a missense mutation (Y127C) in affected individuals of two families segregating non-syndromic deafness, one of which showed significant evidence of linkage to markers in the DFNB67 interval. The localisation of mTMHS in developing mouse inner ear hair cells was refined and found to be expressed briefly from E16.5 to P3. Conclusions: These findings establish the importance of TMHS for normal sound transduction in humans.
{5,5′-Dimethoxy-2,2′-[1,1′-(2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyldinitrilo)diethylidyne]diphenolato-κ4 O,N,N′,O′}copper(II) monohydrate

The tetradentate dianion in the title complex hydrate, [Cu(C23H28N2O4)]·H2O, provides the CuII atom with a cis-N2O2 donor set. There is a significant twist from a regular square-planar geometry with the dihedral angle formed between the two six-membered CuOC3N chelate rings being 32.14 (8)°. The water molecule forms hydrogen bonds to each of the coordinating O atoms of a given complex molecule. Supramolecular layers in the bc plane are formed in the crystal packing through C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.
Gel electrophoretic isolation of splicing complexes containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles

Assembly of splicing precursor RNAs into ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) complexes during incubation in in vitro splicing extracts was monitored by a new system of RNP gel electrophoresis. The temporal pattern of assembly observed by our system was identical to that obtained by other gel and gradient methodologies. In contrast to the results obtained by other systems, however, we observed requirements of U1 small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs) and 5' splice junction sequences for formation of specific complexes and retention of U1 snRNPs within gel-fractionated complexes. Single-intron substrate RNAs rapidly assembled into slow-migrating complexes. The first specific complex (A) appeared within a minute of incubation and required ATP, 5' and 3' precursor RNA consensus sequences, and intact U1 and U2 RNAs for formation. A second complex (B) containing precursor RNA appeared after 15 min of incubation. Lariat-exon 2 and exon 1 intermediates first appeared in this complex, operationally defining it as the active spliceosome. U4 RNA was required for appearance of complex B. Released lariat first appeared in a complex of intermediate mobility (A') and subsequently in rapidly migrating diffuse complexes. Ligated product RNA was observed only in fast-migrating complexes. U1 snRNPs were detected as components of gel-isolated complexes. Radiolabeled RNA within the A and B complexes was immunoprecipitated by U1-specific antibodies under gel-loading conditions and from gel-isolated complexes. Therefore, the RNP antigen remained associated with assembled complexes during gel electrophoresis. In addition, 5' splice junction sequences within gel-isolated A and B complexes were inaccessible to RNase H cleavage in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide. Therefore, nuclear factors that bind 5' splice junctions also remained associated with 5' splice junctions under our gel conditions.
Process Management Practices and Performance : Competition and the Moderating Effect of Technological Capabilities *

Attention to processes has increased, as thousands of organizations have adopted processfocused practices, including TQM and ISO 9000. Proponents of such programs stress the promise of improved efficiency and profitability. But research has not consistently borne out these prospects. Moreover, the expectation of universal benefits is not consistent with research highlighting the important role of firm-specific capabilities in sustaining competitive advantage. In this paper, we use longitudinal panel data for firms in the auto supplier industry to study two new issues. First, we find that, with the majority of firms within an industry adopting process management practices, late adopters no longer gain financial benefits from these practices. Second, we explore how firm technological capabilities moderate the performance advantages of process management. We find that firms that are very narrowlyor broadlyoriented have fewer opportunities for complementary interactions that arise from process management practices and thus benefit less than those with limited breadth in technologically related activities.
Class III β‐tubulin, a marker of resistance to paclitaxel, is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia

Aims: Class III β‐tubulin (TUBB3) reduces microtubule stability and confers resistance to microtubule‐stabilizing taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas show limited responsiveness to taxanes, but little is known of the underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine TUBB3 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines, invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN).
Chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor microspheres repair facial nerve defects

Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in rabbits. In addition, chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor or normal saline, as well as autologous nerve, were used as controls. At 90 days post-surgery, the muscular atrophy on the right upper lip was more evident in the nerve growth factor and normal sa-line groups than in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups. physiological analysis revealed that the nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. Moreover, histological observation illustrated that the di-ameter, number, alignment and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerves derived from rabbits were higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. These findings indicate that chitosan nerve conduits bined with microspheres for sustained release of nerve growth factor can significantly improve facial nerve defect repair in rabbits.
Words from spontaneous conversational speech can be recognized with human-like accuracy by an error-driven learning algorithm that discriminates between meanings straight from smart acoustic features, bypassing the phoneme as recognition unit

Sound units play a pivotal role in cognitive models of auditory comprehension. The general consensus is that during perception listeners break down speech into auditory words and subsequently phones. Indeed, cognitive speech recognition is typically taken to be computationally intractable without phones. Here we present a computational model trained on 20 hours of conversational speech that recognizes word meanings within the range of human performance (model 25%, native speakers 20–44%), without making use of phone or word form representations. Our model also generates successfully predictions about the speed and accuracy of human auditory comprehension. At the heart of the model is a ‘wide’ yet sparse two-layer artificial neural network with some hundred thousand input units representing summaries of changes in acoustic frequency bands, and proxies for lexical meanings as output units. We believe that our model holds promise for resolving longstanding theoretical problems surrounding the notion of the phone in linguistic theory.
Functional Study of Haplotypes in UGT1A1 Promoter to Find a Novel Genetic Variant Leading to Reduced Gene Expression

Background: Uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1 family, A1 (UGT1A1) encodes for an enzyme that is a part of glucuronidation pathway, and a number of studies have shown that the promoter polymorphisms of UGT1A1 are associated with various diseases and drug response. In this study, we examined a possible association between UGT1A1 promoter haplotypes and the gene expression level. Methods: To identify promoter haplotype structure population, we directly sequenced the promoter region of UGT1A1 in 192 healthy Korean to identify 10 UGT1A1 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Then, we genotyped the 10 SNPs in additional 192 non-Korean samples comprised of Chinese, Japanese, European American, and African American, and constructed haplotype structures. Furthermore, we conducted luciferase assay for the promoter SNP haplotypes to examine a possible expression change. Results: rs3755319C—rs2003569A—rs887829C—rs8175347(TA)6 (6.60 ± 0.15) and rs3755319A—rs2003569 G—rs887829C–rs8175347(TA)7 (2.79 ± 0.97) led to significantly lower gene expression when compared with rs3755319C—rs2003569 G—rs887829T—rs8175347(TA)6 (8.28 ± 0.60). Conclusions: Our result suggests that the haplotypes in UGT1A1 promoter region can affect the expression level of the gene and drug metabolism associated with UGT1A1. Furthermore, in addition to rs8175347, rs3755319 was found to induce lower gene expression of UGT1A1.
Density, Speed of Sound, and Dynamic Viscosity of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide/1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate and N-Methylaniline Binary Systems from T = 298.15 to 323.15 K at 0.1 MPa

Density, speed of sound, and viscosity values were measured for different binary mixture concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][NTf2]) + N-methylaniline (NMA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][Pf6]) + NMA systems at temperatures from T = 298.15 to 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The excess values of molar volume, molar isentropic compressibility, intermolecular free length, and viscosity were calculated. The partial molar volumes and partial molar isentropic compressibilities at infinite dilutions were also estimated. The Redlich–Kister equation was utilized to evaluate coefficients and standard deviations. The mechanism of effective packing between [Bmim][NTf2]/[Bmim][Pf6] and NMA was represented by the negative excess molar volumes. In both the studied systems, the occurrence of strong chemical interactions was represented by the negative excess intermolecular free length values. The present work clearly showed that the simu.
ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5 are cell surface markers for white, beige, and brown adipocytes

The cell surface markers ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5 can be used to mark and identify brown, beige, and white adipocytes in both rodents and humans. Fat Cells Gain New Identities There’s “good fat” and there’s “bad fat. ” Good fat is considered to be brown adipose tissue (BAT), which burns calories. Bad fat can be white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores lipids as energy and, in excess, contributes to obesity. When brown fat cells, or adipocytes, develop within white fat, they are called “beige. ” Sorting out these different adipocyte subtypes within the human body has been challenging but will be important in uncovering the underlying mechanisms for obesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes. To this end, Ussar and colleagues have now identified three new surface markers of white, beige, and brown fat cells. These markers—ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5—were first selected in silico, then confirmed in mouse WAT and BAT, and lastly verified in human adipose tissue biopsies. ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5 are located in the plasma membrane of adipocytes, thus making them prime targets for imaging fat locations within the body and for directing therapeutics toward particular fat depots. White, beige, and brown adipocytes are developmentally and functionally distinct but often occur mixed together within individual depots. To target white, beige, and brown adipocytes for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, a better understanding of the cell surface properties of these cell types is essential. Using a combination of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods, we have identified three new cell surface markers of adipose cell types. The amino acid transporter ASC-1 is a white adipocyte–specific cell surface protein, with little or no expression in brown adipocytes, whereas the amino acid transporter PAT2 and the purinergic receptor P2RX5 are cell surface markers expressed in classical brown and beige adipocytes in mice. These markers also selectively mark brown/beige and white adipocytes in human tissue. Thus, ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5 are membrane surface proteins that may serve as tools to identify and target white and brown/beige adipocytes for therapeutic purposes.
Conditional embryo relinquishment: choosing to relinquish embryos for family-building through a Christian embryo 'adoption' programme.

BACKGROUND Currently, there is little evidence about conditional relinquishment of frozen embryos to others for family-building. This paper begins to address this gap by reporting findings from a study that investigated the experiences of couples who chose to relinquish their embryos conditionally through an embryo 'adoption' programme. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study was conducted between September 2008 and December 2009. Participants were recruited from a Christian embryo 'adoption' programme in the USA. Forty-three people (18 couples and 7 wives) participated in in-depth email interviews. RESULTS The data show that the following factors contributed to the participants choosing an embryo 'adoption' programme: how they conceptualized their embryos; dislike of alternative disposition options available; conceptions of their parental responsibility towards their embryo and a desire to have an 'open' relinquishment with (varying) degrees of information-sharing and contact arrangements between themselves and recipient couples. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a diversity of views on embryo relinquishment and some couples' wishes for elements of conditional relinquishment that are offered by embryo 'adoption' programmes. A range of disposition options should be available to enhance choice for those with unused embryos so that they can relinquish in ways that are both morally and practically acceptable to them. The current polarized debate concerning the language of embryo 'adoption' detracts attention from the practical considerations of formulating 'best practice' in this area. These considerations are better addressed by the use of less politically charged terminology such as 'conditional relinquishment'.
Effects of solvent evaporation rate on the properties of protein-loaded PLLA and PDLLA microspheres fabricated by emulsion-solvent evaporation process

This paper investigated the effects of the rate of solvent removal by varying the ambient pressure at a fixed temperature on the morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency and release pattern of albumin-loaded PLLA and PDLLA microspheres, prepared by the W/O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation process. For PLLA microspheres prepared either with a fast rate of solvent evaporation (FRSE) or a normal rate of solvent evaporation (NRSE) process, the difference in morphology was minor. In contrast, the different processes did affect the morphology of PDLLA microspheres. Large (surface) pores were observed for PDLLA microspheres fabricated with a FRSE process, while a smooth surface was seen in those with a NRSE process. With the FRSE process, both PLLA and PDLLA microspheres showed smaller particle sizes and lower albumin encapsulation efficiencies than those prepared in the NRSE process. PLLA microspheres prepared with the NRSE process had higher drug encapsulation efficiencies than PDLLA ones, but this was not the case for the FRSE process. An initial burst release of albumin was observed for both PLLA and PDLLA microspheres prepared with the NRSE process, while a lesser burst release was seen for those prepared with the FRSE process. In subsequent stages of drug release, PLLA microspheres prepared with the two different processes showed differences, but this was not the case for PDLLA ones.
Reversing the error-correction scheme for a fault-tolerant indexing

Summary form only given. The article presents an innovative approach to approximate matching of multi-attribute objects based on reversing the conventional scheme of error-correction coding. The approximate matching problem primarily arises in information retrieval systems, which can store fuzzily described items and operate with nebulous searching criteria. To establish an approximate equivalence relation on a set of multi-attribute objects it has been suggested to apply a decoding procedure to binary vectors corresponding to these objects and to use the obtained message words as hash codes. With this hashing technique it is possible to construct "fault-tolerant" indices allowing certain mismatches of binary vectors in terms of Hamming metrics. The simplest practical realization of this technique is based on the so-called perfect Golay code which maps 23-bit vectors into 12-bit message words. In this case, two different 23-bit vectors at a Hamming distance of 2 would have some common 12-bit indices. This provides an organization of a direct retrieval of a neighborhood of 23 bit-vectors with up to two mismatches from a given key. The proposed technique employs a reasonable redundancy and can trade utilization of extra memory for the speed and range of searching. Besides a direct application to information retrieval, the developed technique is also beneficial for complex computational procedures incorporating near-matching operations. A typical procedure of this kind is recovering of closed matches from vector-quantization tables.
Novel detection platform for Alzheimer's amyloid-beta using magnetic beads in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

In this paper, we proposed novel detection platform to detect Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (Aβ) using pre-treated magnetic beads in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), for the first time. Without any immobilization on the electrodes of the EIS device, it shows ability to detect a few pg/ml of amyloid-beta oligomers and compared to the result of a conventional ELISA, which allows to simplify the measurement procedure, recycle the device by only changing magnet beads.
Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Surgical procedures on the cervical spine are accepted therapies for the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis. However, reported improvement rates vary widely, and many reports indicate improvement in about onehalf of the cases. It has not been proven that outcome after surgery is better than the natural history or conservative therapy. Radiographic or imaging evidence of cord impingement or compression may be seen in asymptomatic people. There are no clear guides to the selection of patients who may benefit from the operation and there has been no standardization of preoperative evaluation, trials of conservative therapy, ascertainment of progressive disability, or assessment of outcome. A multicenter controlled trial might answer these questions.
Context-Aware, Adaptive, and Scalable Android Malware Detection Through Online Learning

It is well known that Android malware constantly evolves so as to evade detection. This causes the entire malware population to be nonstationary. Contrary to this fact, most of the prior works on machine learning based android malware detection have assumed that the distribution of the observed malware characteristics (i.e., features) does not change over time. In this paper, we address the problem of <italic>malware population drift</italic> and propose a novel online learning based framework to detect malware, named <sc>Casandra</sc> (<underline>C</underline> ontext-aware, <underline>A</underline>daptive and <underline>S</underline>calable <underline>ANDR</underline>oid m <underline>A</underline>lware detector). In order to perform accurate detection, a novel graph kernel that facilitates capturing apps security-sensitive behaviors along with their context information from dependence graphs is proposed. Besides being accurate and scalable, <sc>Casandra</sc> has specific advantages: first, being adaptive to the evolution in malware features over time; second, explaining the significant features that led to an apps classification as being malicious or benign. In a large-scale comparative analysis, <sc>Casandra</sc> outperforms two state-of-the-art techniques on a benchmark dataset achieving 99.23% F-measure. When evaluated with more than 87 000 apps collected in-the-wild, <sc>Casandra</sc> achieves 89.92% accuracy, outperforming existing techniques by more than 25% in their typical batch learning setting and more than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\text{7}$</tex-math></inline-formula>% when they are continuously retained, while maintaining comparable efficiency.