Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEMOGLOBIN CATABOLISM

Although the exact mechanism of the conversion of hemoglobin into biliverdin in vivo is still in doubt, the most plausible route is through the oxidation and opening of the tetrapyrrole ring, after which the globin and iron are removed. This reaction scheme is based on the extensive chemical studies of Lemberg and Legge (1) and on the more recent work of Kaziro el al. (2-4). In these studies, the oxidation of the tetrapyrrole ring was brought about under physiological conditions of pH and temperature by a coupled oxidation with ascorbic acid. Presumably, ascorbic acid reacts with the oxygen of oxyhemoglobin to produce a constant supply of hydrogen peroxide. This, in turn, oxidizes either the iron or the tetrapyrrole ring of hemoglobin. Two distinct intermediates are produced in this chemical breakdown of hemoglobin. Choleglobin, which is formed first, has a distinctive absorption band at 627 to 630 rnp after treatment with carbon monoxide and sodium hydrosulfite. As the reaction proceeds further, the appearance of an absorption band at 760 rnp is indicative of the presence of verdohemoglobin. Treatment with glacial acetic acid and ether will quantitatively convert verdohemoglobin into biliverdin. One of the problems of hemoglobin catabolism has been the explanation of the remarkable stability of hemoglobin in the intact cell to materials which would ordinarily destroy it, Ascorbic acid is a normal constituent of the red blood cell, and hydrogen peroxide presumably is generated constantly in small amounts within the cell. Even oxygen brings about a rather rapid autoxidation of hemoglobin in solutions of crystalline oxyhemoglobin (5). Foulkes and Lemberg (6) and Kaziro and coworkers (2) have previously shown the importance of catalase in protecting hemoglobin from oxidative breakdown produced by ascorbic acid. In addition, Foulkes and Lemberg (6) have shown that catalase will give some protec-
Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire

Purpose. Develop and demonstrate preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire aimed at assessing social cognitive determinants of physical activity (PA) in a college population. Design. Quantitative and observational. Setting. A midsized northeastern university. Subjects. Convenience sample of 827 male and female college students age 18 to 24 years. Measures. International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a PA stage-of-change algorithm. Analysis. A sequential process of survey development, including item generation and data reduction analyses by factor analysis, was followed with the goal of creating a parsimonious questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used for confirmatory factor analysis and construct validation was confirmed against self-reported PA and stage of change. Validation analyses were replicated in a second, independent sample of 1032 college students. Results. Fifteen items reflecting PA self-regulation, outcome expectations, and personal barriers explained 65% of the questionnaire data and explained 28.6% and 39.5% of the variance in total PA and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA, respectively. Scale scores were distinguishable across the stages of change. Findings were similar when the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) was tested in a similar and independent sample of college students (40%; R2 moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA = .40; p < .001). Conclusion. The CBPAQ successfully explains and predicts PA behavior in a college population, warranting its incorporation into future studies aiming at understanding and improving on PA behavior in college students.
Remote optoelectronic frequency down-conversion using 60-GHz optical heterodyne signals and an electroabsorption Modulator

A new optoelectronic frequency down-conversion method for radio-on-fiber (RoF) uplink transmission is demonstrated by using an electroabsorption modulator, which down-converts uplink millimeter-wave signals into optical intermediate frequency (IF) using remotely fed optical local oscillator signals. Using this optoelectronic frequency down-converter, an RoF uplink is demonstrated in which quadrature-phase-shift keying uplink data signals in 60-GHz band are frequency down-converted to the 500-MHz optical IF signals and transmitted to the central station.
Design of Object Storage Using OpenNVM for High-performance Distributed File System

The current trend for high-performance distributed file systems is object-based architecture that uses local object storage to store the file data. The IO performance of such systems depends on the local object storage that manages the underlying low-level storage, such as Fusion IO ioDrive, a flash device connected through PCI express. It provides OpenNVM flash primitives, such as atomic batch write and sparse addressing. We designed an object storage using OpenNVM whose goal is to maximize IOPS/bandwidth performance. Using the sparse address space, it is possible to design object storage as an array of fixed-size regions. Using atomic batch write, the object storage supports the ACID properties in each write. Our prototype implementation achieves 740,000 IOPS for object creations using 16 threads, which is 12 times better than DirectFS. The write performance achieves 97.7% of the physical peak performance on average.
Design and implementation of low power Android mobile sink based on load prediction

To reduce the power consumption of mobile sink node, a new state PER_NOTIFICATION is added to the standard Android system. Therefore, USB devices can be added to or removed from the system by the sys file interface according to users' specific demand, realising a more fine-grained power management. In addition, an improved CPU load prediction algorithm SAWDLP is proposed to replace the default one in on-demand governor. With SAWDLP, a more accurate CPU load prediction can be done and then a more appropriate frequency can be chosen to reduce the CPU power consumption. Experimental results show that the PER_NOTIFICATION works well in managing the USB devices. The SAWDLP algorithm gets 85.20% higher accuracy in CPU load prediction and 0.40% lower power consumption in comparison to the PAST algorithm, accomplishing the goal of low power design and run time extension.
Recognizing multiple observations using adaptive graph based label propagation

Recently, we introduced a robust and adaptive method for constructing sparse graphs. This method was termed Two Phase Weighted Regularized Least Square (TPWRLS) [6]. In this framework, the graph structure and its affinity matrix are simultaneously computed through a two phase sample coding. The second phase of coding utilizes adaptive sample pruning and re-weighting. In the context of graph-based semi-supervised label propagation, the obtained graph can achieve or outperform state-of-the art graph construction methods. In this paper, we present a performance study of the proposed method by considering two main aspects that were not addressed before. First, the new graph is exploited in order to tackle the problem of recognizing multiple images corresponding to the same category-a non straightforward scenario for supervised recognition techniques. Second, a performance evaluation on different image descriptor types is carried out. Experiments are conducted on three public image datasets: two face datasets and one handwritten digit dataset. These experiments show that in addition to its superiority over competing graph construction methods, the proposed method can easily solve the label inference of multiple observations and can work with several types of image descriptors and scenes.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EIGHT CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND URINE BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS

A simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method has been established for separation and quantification of a mixture of eight cephalosporins – cefadroxil (CFL), cefixime (CIX), cefuroxime sodium (CFR), ceftriaxone sodium (CTR), ceftizoxime (CFT), cefaclor (CFC), cefradine (CFD), and cefotoxime (CTA). Conditions affecting the separation were pH, buffer concentration, and applied potential. Separation was performed in less than 11 min with 50 mM sodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9.0, and an applied potential of 30 kV. Reproducible separation was achieved and calibration plots were linear over two to three orders of magnitude of analyte concentration. Limits of detection were in the range 0.5–5 µg mL –1 . Detection was by UV absorbance at 214 nm. When the method was assessed for analysis of cephalosporins in pharmaceutical preparations and in urine, relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 4) were in the range 0.3–1.9%.
Neurotrophic, Cytoprotective, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of St. John's Wort Extract on Differentiated Mouse Hippocampal HT-22 Neurons

Introduction: Since ancient times Hypericum perforatum L. named St. John's wort (SJW), has been used in the management of a wide range of applications, including nervous disorders. Development of mood disorders are due to alterations in glutamate metabolism, initiation of inflammatory pathways, and changes of the neuronal plasticity. Previous studies suggest that the glutamatergic system contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. Extracts of SJW have been recommended for the treatment of depression. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the action of STW3-VI, a special SJW extract in differentiated mouse hippocampal HT-22 neurons. We evaluated the stimulation of neurogenesis, the protective effect against glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induced-excitotoxicity and its anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-activated human macrophages. Results: After 48 h treatment, STW3-VI stimulated the neurite formation by 25% in comparison with the control and showed protective effects against glutamate- or NMDA-induced cytotoxicity by significantly increasing the viability about +25 or +50%. In conjunction with these effects, after pretreatment with STW3-VI, the intracellular reduced glutathione content was significantly 2.3-fold increased compared with the neurons incubated with glutamate alone. Additionally, pre-treatment of human macrophages with STW3-VI showed anti-inflammatory effects after 24 or 48 h concerning inhibition of LPS-induced TNF release by −47.3 and −53.8% (24 h) or −25.0 to −64.8% (48 h). Conclusions: Our data provide new evidence that STW3-VI protects hippocampal cells from NMDA- or glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, our results indicate a morphological remodeling by increasing neurite outgrowth and activation of the anti-inflammatory defense by inhibition of the cytokine production in human macrophages after STW3-VI treatment. These protective, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders.
PCA BASED FACE SKETCH SYNTHESIS USING EIGEN TRANSFORMATION

A face recognition system is based on face sketches, shape and texture information in a facial image. Therefore, automatically searching through a photo database using a sketch drawing is very useful. It will not only help the theft issues to locate a group of potential suspects, but may also help the witness and modify the sketch drawing of the suspect interaction based similar retrieved image. The proposed system contains two elements: Pseudo-sketch synthesis and Sketch recognition. The pseudo-sketch generation method is based on local linear preserving of geometry between technical image and sketch images, which is inspired by the locally linear embedding techniques. The new approach of the Facial image can be reconstructed from Eigen faces in the PCA representation. Since Eigen face is computed from the training set, the reconstructed facial image can also be expressed as the linear combination of training samples. The proposed the Eigen transformation algorithm for Principal component analysis (PCA). This method provides a powerful tool for data analysis and pattern recognition which is often used in signal and image processing as a technique for data compression, data dimension reduction or their de correlation as well, multivariate analysis or neural networks . The high frequency information or intensity can be obtained be test patch and the candidate image patches. This technique reduces the transformation error in recognition.
The Effect of Chronotype on Psychophysiological Responses during Aerobic Self-Paced Exercises

It was hypothesized that an individual's chronotype might influence the response to physical activity at a given time of day. This study aimed to analyze the psychophysiological responses during a walking task at different times of day in individuals with different chronotypes. 46 students (M age = 24.8yr., SD = 7.2) filled in the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to determine chronotypes. Heart rate, walking time, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during two self-paced walking sessions: one in the morning (08:30) and one in the afternoon (15:30). A multivariate analysis of variance found a significant interaction between chronotype and time of day. The post hoc analysis showed a significant difference for RPE in the morning session, with evening types reporing a higher RPE compared with the morning types. The chronotype and the time of day when a physical task is undertaken can influence the RPE response, although it might not influence physiological or performance parameters. This has to be taken into account, because it can affect test reliability as well as possibly have a negative influence on the affective responses to a given task.
Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves based on Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Theory in OpenFOAM-Extend

We develop a free surface tracking solver for numerical simulation of unsteady irrotational fully non-linear water waves in a freely available open-source computational fluid dynamics toolbox OpenFOAM R ©-Ext, which is community-driven release of OpenFOAM R ©. The solver is based on the solution of the Laplacian of the velocity potential with moving free surface. The free surface is tracked by solving the kinematic boundary condition based on the normal flux out of the surface. We also develop the necessary boundary conditions for the realistic wave generation at inlet and the absorption boundary condition at the outlet boundary. To avoid numerical instability, a 5-point smoothing technique is used to smooth the free surface elevation. Solution of Laplace’s equation for the velocity potential, the non-linear free surface boundary conditions, the wave generation and the absorption boundary conditions are all not part of the standard OpenFOAM R © distribution. The potential flow solver is able to simulate large amplitude standing and progressive waves. We validate the solver by comparing the numerical results with analytical results for second order standing waves, and progressive waves with experimental results and satisfactory agreement is found.
Protein–protein docking benchmark version 3.0

We present version 3.0 of our publicly available protein–protein docking benchmark. This update includes 40 new test cases, representing a 48% increase from Benchmark 2.0. For all of the new cases, the crystal structures of both binding partners are available. As with Benchmark 2.0, Structural Classification of Proteins (Murzin et al., J Mol Biol 1995;247:536–540) was used to remove redundant test cases. The 124 unbound‐unbound test cases in Benchmark 3.0 are classified into 88 rigid‐body cases, 19 medium‐difficulty cases, and 17 difficult cases, based on the degree of conformational change at the interface upon complex formation. In addition to providing the community with more test cases for evaluating docking methods, the expansion of Benchmark 3.0 will facilitate the development of new algorithms that require a large number of training examples. Benchmark 3.0 is available to the public at http://zlab.bu. edu/benchmark. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new colour vision arrangement test to detect functional changes in diabetic macular oedema

AIM A study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between colour discrimination tests and the presence of macular oedema in patients with type I diabetes to find a sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of early functional changes. METHODS The study was performed in 39 type I diabetic patients, 10 with and 29 without macular oedema. The examination included biomicroscopy, fundus photography of the macula, videofluorescein angiography, the LogMAR visual acuity chart, Farnsworth-Lanthony desaturated D-15 test, and the new Mollon-Reffin “Minimalist” test for colour vision deficiencies version 6.0. RESULTS A highly significant correlation was found between the tritan value of the Mollon test and the presence of clinically significant macular oedema (p<0.0015), with a high sensitivity (88.9%) and specificity (93.3%). The DD-15 test was not significant (p=0.345) and showed low sensitivity for the presence of macular oedema (36%). All variables concerning the grading of macular oedema showed a highly significant association with the tritan values of the Mollon test (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the Mollon-Reffin “Minimalist” test version 6.0 is the best colour discrimination test for detecting macular oedema, with higher specificity and sensitivity than the other methods used in the study.
Identification of a Novel Cytoplasmic Protein That Specifically Binds to Nuclear Localization Signal Motifs*

Active transport of proteins into the nucleus is mediated by interaction between the classical nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of the targeted proteins and the NLS receptor (importin) complex. This nuclear transport system is highly regulated and conserved in eukaryotes and is essential for cell survival. Using a fragment of BRCA1 containing the two NLS motifs as a bait for yeast two-hybrid screening, we have isolated four clones, one of which is importin α. Here we characterize one of the other clones identified, BRAP2, which is a novel gene and expressed as a 2-kilobase mRNA in human mammary epithelial cells and some but not all tissues of mice. The isolated full-length cDNA encodes a novel protein containing 600 amino acid residues with pI 6.04. Characteristic motifs of C2H2 zinc fingers and leucine heptad repeats are present in the middle and C-terminal regions of the protein, respectively. BRAP2 also shares significant homology with a hypothetical protein from yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, especially in the zinc finger region. Antibodies prepared against the C-terminal region of BRAP2 fused to glutathione S-transferase specifically recognize a cellular protein with a molecular size of 68 kDa, consistent with the size of the in vitro translated protein. Cellular BRAP2 is mainly cytoplasmic and binds to the NLS motifs of BRCA1 with similar specificity to that of importin α in both two-hybrid assays in yeast and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays in vitro. Other motifs such as the SV40 large T antigen NLS motif and the bipartite NLS motif found in mitosin are also recognized by BRAP2. Similarly, the yeast homolog of BRAP2 also binds to these NLS motifs in vitro. These results imply that BRAP2 may function as a cytoplasmic retention protein and play a role in regulating transport of nuclear proteins.
Recent Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations: No Evidence of Immune Escape

ABSTRACT Recently, numerous large-scale mumps outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated populations. Clinical isolates sequenced from these outbreaks have invariably been of genotypes distinct from those of vaccine viruses, raising concern that certain mumps virus strains may escape vaccine-induced immunity. To investigate this concern, sera obtained from children 6 weeks after receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine were tested for the ability to neutralize a carefully selected group of genetically diverse mumps virus strains. Although the geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer of the sera was lower against some virus strains than others, all viruses were readily neutralized, arguing against immune escape.
Analysis of Daub from Mound V, Moundville: Its Role as an Architectural Indicator

It is common archaeological practice to seriate ceramic samples by referencing frequency variations in attributes of decoration and temper. Since the majority of Central Alabama’s Late Woodland wares are undecorated and sand tempered they have resisted attempts to seriate them. As a consequence previously introduced developmental distinctions have been intuitively delineated making them difficult to replicate and quantify. By focusing upon frequency variations in the consequences of vessel body, mouth, rim, and lip construction we attempt to clarify and quantify the previously introduced developmental distinctions rendering them amenable to test by virtue of independently derived carbon 14 and thermoluminescent determinations.
Suckling Reduces Allergic Skin Responses and Plasma Levels of Neuropeptide and Neurotrophin in Lactating Women with Atopic Eczema/Dermatitis Syndrome

Background: Lactation is associated with an inhibited hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to physical and psychological stress in women and female rats. However, suckling also improved mood and calmness in nonatopic lactating women. Relaxation by humor reduced allergen-induced skin wheal responses, while various forms of stress enhanced those responses in allergic patients. Moreover, enhancement and reduction in allergen-induced skin wheal responses are associated with up- and down-regulation of plasma levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), respectively. In addition, plasma levels of SP, VIP and nerve growth factor (NGF), but not neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), are elevated in allergic patients. Therefore, the effects of suckling on allergic responses and plasma levels of neuropeptides and neurotrophins were studied in lactating women with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Methods: Before and after suckling, allergic skin responses to allergens were studied by skin prick test; simultaneously plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 were measured in lactating women with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Results: Suckling reduces allergen-induced, but not histamine-induced, skin wheal responses, while holding infants without suckling failed to do so. Suckling also reduced plasma levels of SP, VIP and NGF, but not NT-3 in these patients, while holding infants without suckling failed to do so. Conclusions: These results indicate that suckling reduces allergic responses with a concomitant reduction in plasma levels of SP, VIP and NGF. Collectively, suckling may have some implication in the study of maternal allergy in atopic patients.
Design and test of a novel buck-boost inverter with three switching devices

A novel buck-boost inverter with three switching devices appropriate for small renewable energy applications was proposed. Operating principles, four different operating modes and pulse energy modulation (PEM) method under discontinuous inductor current conduction mode are discussed in this paper. It also describes the design of hardware, such as the power circuit, flyback transformer and control circuit, and the design of software, such as analog-to-digital converter, zero-crossing signals capturing and PEM signal generation. A 400W experimental set-up of the novel inverter system connected to the grid was constructed to verify the operation of buck-boost inverter and PEM modulation method. Experimental results conclude the buck-boost inverter can transfer the energy from dc source to ac grid efficiently. It can provide sinusoidal output current under wide range of dc input voltage.