Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between features volatility and software architecture design stability in object-oriented software: Preliminary analysis

Software architecture is the core structure of a system. Software architecture describes the functionality and the size of system to be built. Software architecture is illustrated as packages diagram, class diagram or Enterprise Architecture diagram. To make a robust software, it's important to know quality of architecture. Architecture Quality is reflected in its design. There are various topics of research on the quality aspect of the architectural design, from enviroment adaption of architectural design to design stability maintenance. The concept of reuse elements of the system is one of the topics to maintain the stability of the software design. Aversano and Constantinou introduce the method of measuring the stability of the architectural design by taking into account external and internal elements of architecture built. Both just look at the number of packets that undergo additions and deletions to the pair versions. Quantitative research to assess an architectural stability by looking at environmental factors needed to complete measurement. Before implementing this factor, it is necessary to measure the relationship between variables the stability and environmental factors. We introduced a quantitative analysis of the mechanisms related to the extent to which the relationship between features volatility and architecture stability. Architecture design stability is measured by metrics Constantinou, and the calculation of features volatility depend on change of features from consecutive version. We applied this analysis into one project. The source code in the repository extracted to be converted into data according to metrics Constantinou, then the results are validated by experts selected. Datasets that have been validated measured by metrics and measurable correlation with Pearson-Product-Moment analysis.
Choice of E-Channels : Performance Risk and Dominance of Search Attributes

Telepresence in the psychomotor domain, offline knowledge in the cognitive domain, and brand reputation in the affective domain are theorized to positively affect perceived dominance of search attributes of a product. It is also hypothesized that rather than product type, dominance of search attributes created by online sellers makes people to overcome the performance risk in e-channels and accept the Internet as a purchasing avenue. This study presents a framework of e-channel choice that enables better understanding of online consumer behavior, and provides insight into the pivotal role of conversion from experience to search attributes for products in echannels.
Emotion response and regulation to “happy” and “sad” music stimuli: Partial synchronization of subjective and physiological responses

Music has been demonstrated to induce strong emotional responses in listeners, but listeners’ capacity to regulate this response has not yet been experimentally examined. In this study, 32 participants (Mage = 20.22 years, SD = 2.45; 72% female) listened to short music excerpts (four “happy” and four “sad” pieces) with instructions to “feel” or to “regulate” (specifically, “reduce” sadness or “strengthen” happiness) the emotional response to the music. Self-reported “sadness” and “happiness” ratings and physiological responses (skin conductance and heart rate) were recorded at baseline and continuously across all conditions. Under the “feel” instruction, both “happy” and “sad” music resulted in an increase in self-reported emotion ratings, and a decline in skin conductance and heart rate. These responses were effectively regulated for both “happy” and “sad” music across all measures except heart rate response. These findings partially support the prediction that music would induce coherent changes across self-reported and physiological measures during both emotion induction and emotion regulation.
Multiway spectral clustering link prediction in protein-protein interaction networks

An increasing number of observations support the hypothesis that the vast majority of biological functions involve interactions between proteins and that the complexity of living systems arises as a result of such interactions. In this paper we apply a multiway spectral clustering technique to protein-protein interaction networks to perform accurate link prediction between proteins. We provide experimental evidence about the accuracy and the performance of the proposed method in real datasets, compared to other known algorithms such as k-means and RWR.
Younger, weaker white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings become the best breeders

Background: The literature suggests that migratory bird individuals that hatch first are more fit than their siblings. Hypothesis: Older siblings in better physical condition will produce more chicks as breeders. Time and location: A population of white storks nesting in the province of Madrid (central Spain) was monitored annually between 1999 and 2004. Methods: Hatching order, weight of hatchlings and nestlings, and date of return were recorded and correlated with subsequent fitness and measured as breeding outcome (binomial, failed or successful nests) and productivity (number of nestlings produced). Conclusions: Contrary to expectations based on their higher nestling weight, and to our hypothesis, first-hatched siblings returned later to the breeding grounds, were less successful, and produced fewer chicks than the rest of the brood.
Insurance Fraud: Issues and Challenges

This article is devoted to the phenomenon of insurance fraud. We start by surveying the various forms of insurance fraud as well as its extent and cost. We proceed to analyse the problem as the product of motivation and opportunity, and address the complexities of fraud control. Finally, we provide a high-level overview of current anti-fraud activity.
PREDICTING SPECIES' GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING

Abstract Recent developments in geographic information systems and their application to conservation biology open doors to exciting new synthetic analyses. Exploration of these possibilities, however, is limited by the quality of information available: most biodiversity data are incomplete and characterized by biased sampling. Inferential procedures that provide robust and reliable predictions of species' geographic distributions thus become critical to biodiversity analyses. In this contribution, models of species' ecological niches are developed using an artificial-intelligence algorithm, and projected onto geography to predict species' distributions. To test the validity of this approach, I used North American Breeding Bird Survey data, with large sample sizes for many species. I omitted randomly selected states from model building, and tested models using the omitted states. For the 34 species tested, all predictions were highly statistically significant (all P < 0.001), indicating excellent predictive ability. This inferential capacity opens doors to many synthetic analyses based on primary point occurrence data. Predicción de Áreas de Distribución de Especies con Pase en Modelaje de Nichos Ecológicos Resumen. Avances recientes en los sistemas de información geográfica y su aplicación en la biología de conservación presentan la posibilidad de analisis nuevos y sintéticos. La exploración de estas posibilidades, de todas formas, se limita por la calidad de información disponible: la gran mayoria de datos respecto a la diversidad biológica son incompletos y sesgados. Por eso, procedimientos de inferencia que proveen predicciones robustas y confiables de distribuciones de especies se hacen importantes para los análisis de la biodiversidad. En esta contribución, se desarrollan modelos de los nichos ecológicos por medio de un algoritmo de inteligencia artificial, y los proyeccionamos en la geografía para predecir las distribuciones geográficas de especies. Para probar el método, se usan los datos del North American Breeding Bird Survey, con tamaños de muestra grande. Se construyeron modelos con base en 30 estados unidenses seleccionados al azar, y se probaron los modelos con base en los 20 estados restantes. De las 34 especies que se analizaron, todos mostraron un alto grado de significanza estadística (todos P < 0.001), lo cual indica un alto grado de predictividad. Esta capacidad de inferencia abre la puerta a varios analisis sintéticos con base en puntos conocidos de ocurrencia de especies.
VIRTUOUS: vision-based road transportation for unmanned operation on urban-like scenarios

This work presents an intelligent transportation system (ITS) that was implemented on an autonomous vehicle designed to perform global navigation missions on a network of unmarked roads. This is the first step toward the complete implementation of ITS in urban environments, which is the long-term goal of this work. Using a global positioning system, global navigation is achieved by means of a global planner and a task manager that recurrently coordinate the execution of vision-based perception tasks for the road tracking of nonstructured roads and the navigation of intersections. In addition, a vision-based vehicle-detection task has been developed, which endows the global navigation system with a reactive capacity. The complete system has been tested on the BABIECA prototype vehicle, which was autonomously driven for hundreds of kilometers around a private circuit, designed to emulate an urban quarter, at speeds of up to 50 km/h, successfully carrying out different navigation missions. During the tests, the vehicle drove itself across crossroads and performed the appropriate turning maneuvers at intersections. It also demonstrated its robustness with regard to shadows, road texture, weather conditions, and changing illumination.
Deep packet anonymization

Network traces of Internet attacks are among the most valuable resources for network analysts and security researchers. However, organizations and researchers are usually reluctant to share their network data, as network packets may contain private or sensitive information. To alleviate the problem of information leakage, network traces are often anonymized before being shared. Typical anonymization approaches sanitize, or in some cases completely remove, certain packet header fields, higher-level protocol fields, or even payload information that could reveal the source and destination of an attack incident. Although there exists a variety of network trace anonymization techniques, in this paper we show that in certain cases they are proven inadequate, because attack traces may contain sensitive information not only in the packet headers and the packet payload, which are both exposed "on the wire," but also in the encrypted payload of the self-decrypting shell-code carried in the attack vector of code-injection attacks. To overcome this limitation, we extend an existing network trace anonymization framework to identify and anonymize sensitive information contained in the shellcode of code-injection attack packets. Our approach takes advantage of the certain structure of widely used shellcode decryption schemes to produce fully anonymized attack traces.
Is there an effect of subliminal messages in music on choice behavior?

The present study examines the effects of subliminal text messages in music on choice behavior. Subliminal messages are assumed to function as auditory primers. The results of two experiments will be presented: In Experiment 1, the authors tried to manipulate choice behavior of adult students (N = 66; age: 19-30 years) using subliminally presented words in two pop music pieces. In two blinded, non-directed listening tasks, subjects had (a) to choose one word out of ten from a list of words (condition wordlist), and (b) to indicate which drink they would like by putting a plastic chip into a box standing in front of four labeled bottles of water (condition choice of drink). Musical examples without subliminal messages were used as a control condition. No significant differences were found between experimental and control conditions. In Experiment 2, children (N = 82; age: 7-11 years) served as subjects. Regardless of the task and age group, no effects of subliminal messages on choice behavior could be observed. The paper concludes with a general discussion about the lack of theories that could explain any observed effects of subliminal manipulation.
Mitogenomic Meta-Analysis Identifies Two Phases of Migration in the History of Eastern Eurasian Sheep

Despite much attention, history of sheep (Ovis aries) evolution, including its dating, demographic trajectory and geographic spread, remains controversial. To address these questions, we generated 45 complete and 875 partial mitogenomic sequences, and performed a meta-analysis of these and published ovine mitochondrial DNA sequences (n = 3,229) across Eurasia. We inferred that O. orientalis and O. musimon share the most recent female ancestor with O. aries at approximately 0.790 Ma (95% CI: 0.637–0.934 Ma) during the Middle Pleistocene, substantially predating the domestication event (∼8–11 ka). By reconstructing historical variations in effective population size, we found evidence of a rapid population increase approximately 20–60 ka, immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum. Analyses of lineage expansions showed two sheep migratory waves at approximately 4.5–6.8 ka (lineages A and B: ∼6.4–6.8 ka; C: ∼4.5 ka) across eastern Eurasia, which could have been influenced by prehistoric West–East commercial trade and deliberate mating of domestic and wild sheep, respectively. A continent-scale examination of lineage diversity and approximate Bayesian computation analyses indicated that the Mongolian Plateau region was a secondary center of dispersal, acting as a “transportation hub” in eastern Eurasia: Sheep from the Middle Eastern domestication center were inferred to have migrated through the Caucasus and Central Asia, and arrived in North and Southwest China (lineages A, B, and C) and the Indian subcontinent (lineages B and C) through this region. Our results provide new insights into sheep domestication, particularly with respect to origins and migrations to and from eastern Eurasia.
Direct activation of PDE5 by cGMP

In platelets, the nitric oxide (NO)–induced cGMP response is indicative of a highly regulated interplay of cGMP formation and cGMP degradation. Recently, we showed that within the NO-induced cGMP response in human platelets, activation and phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) occurred. Here, we identify cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I as the kinase responsible for the NO-induced PDE5 phosphorylation. However, we demonstrate that cGMP can directly activate PDE5 without phosphorylation in platelet cytosol, most likely via binding to the regulatory GAF domains. The reversal of activation was slow, and was not completed after 60 min. Phosphorylation enhanced the cGMP-induced activation, allowing it to occur at lower cGMP concentrations. Also, in intact platelets, a sustained NO-induced activation of PDE5 for as long as 60 min was detected. Finally, the long-term desensitization of the cGMP response induced by a low NO concentration reveals the physiological relevance of the PDE5 activation within NO/cGMP signaling. In sum, we suggest NO-induced activation and phosphorylation of PDE5 as the mechanism for a long-lasting negative feedback loop shaping the cGMP response in human platelets in order to adapt to the amount of NO available.
Knowledge of the behaviors and consequences of catastrophes among psychology students.

espanolNo existen muchos estudios sobre la percepcion que se tiene sobre las consecuencias comportamentales y para la salud psicologica por haber experimentado una catastrofe. Sin embargo, los que se han centrado anteriormente y esta misma investigacion han encontrado que los distintos grupos estudiados presentan distorsiones sobre la misma teniendo creencias topicas sobre la aparicion de conductas como el panico, saqueo, trastornos, etc. Metodo: El presente trabajo se ha realizado con 544 participantes estudiantes de psicologia y de otras carreras. El diseno corresponde a un estudio retrospectivo o ex post facto en el que se ha utilizado una escala sobre comportamiento colectivo ante catastrofes y situaciones de riesgo Resultados: Han aparecido diferencias significativas de las puntuaciones medias del grupo de psicologos respecto a las claves de correccion y el grupo de no-psicologos. Conclusiones: Estos resultados podrian indicar que la formacion que se les da a los alumnos de psicologia distorsiona la percepcion que tienen sobre la ocurrencia de conductas-mito en las catastrofes. EnglishIt does not exist many studies on the perception that people have about behavioral consequences and psychological health of having experienced a catastrophe. However, those who have focused on it, along with this research, have found that the different groups studied present distortions about catastrophes, having topical beliefs about the occurrence of behaviors such as panic, looting, disorders, etc. Method: This study was performed with a sample of 544 psychology students and other disciplines. The design corresponds to a retrospective study or ex post facto where it has been used a scale of collective behavior in disasters and risk situations. Results: It has appeared significant differences in the mean scores between the group of psychology students regarding the correction key and in comparison with non-psychologists. Conclusions: These results could indicate that the training given to students of psychology distorts their perceptions about the occurrence of behavioral myths in catastrophes.
The Depth of Distractor Processing in Search with Clutter

Some search tasks involve looking for a category target in clutter. This is the task faced, for example, by a baggage screener looking for weapons in a suitcase. Such tasks presumably involve the segmentation and recognition of the target object, but it is unknown whether they also involve the segmentation and recognition of the distractor objects. To examine the depth of distractor processing in this task, we had observers search through cluttered displays composed of normal and chimerical distractors. The normal distractors were photographs of recognizable objects, while the chimerical distractors were created by interchanging parts between the normal objects. The obsever's task was to identify the display quadrant that contained an animal or a vehicle target. We varied the difficulty of the search task by varying target and distractor discriminability, target uncertainty, and target occlusion. Only when the target was partially occluded did we find an effect of distractor type. In this case, observers may have found the target through a process of mentally eliminating whole distractor objects. When the target was unoccluded, we found no evidence that observers selected and rejected whole distractors during search. This second result supports our previous claim that often the items for search in clutter are not whole objects.
An Analysis of the Privacy and Security Risks of Android VPN Permission-enabled Apps

Millions of users worldwide resort to mobile VPN clients to either circumvent censorship or to access geo-blocked content, and more generally for privacy and security purposes. In practice, however, users have little if any guarantees about the corresponding security and privacy settings, and perhaps no practical knowledge about the entities accessing their mobile traffic. In this paper we provide a first comprehensive analysis of 283 Android apps that use the Android VPN permission, which we extracted from a corpus of more than 1.4 million apps on the Google Play store. We perform a number of passive and active measurements designed to investigate a wide range of security and privacy features and to study the behavior of each VPN-based app. Our analysis includes investigation of possible malware presence, third-party library embedding, and traffic manipulation, as well as gauging user perception of the security and privacy of such apps. Our experiments reveal several instances of VPN apps that expose users to serious privacy and security vulnerabilities, such as use of insecure VPN tunneling protocols, as well as IPv6 and DNS traffic leakage. We also report on a number of apps actively performing TLS interception. Of particular concern are instances of apps that inject JavaScript programs for tracking, advertising, and for redirecting e-commerce traffic to external partners.
DiReC: distributing the render cache to PC-clusters for interactive environments

The Render Cache [1,2] allows the interactive display of very large scenes, rendered with complex global illumination models, by decoupling camera movement from the costly scene sampling process. In this paper, the distributed execution of the individual components of the Render Cache on a PC cluster is shown to be a viable alternative to the shared memory implementation.As the processing power of an entire node can be dedicated to a single component, more advanced algorithms may be examined. Modular functional units also lead to increased flexibility, useful in research as well as industrial applications.We introduce a new strategy for view-driven scene sampling, as well as support for multiple camera viewpoints generated from the same cache. Stereo display and a CAVE multi-camera setup have been implemented.The use of the highly portable and inter-operable CORBA networking API simplifies the integration of most existing pixel-based renderers. So far, three renderers (C++ and Java) have been adapted to function within our framework.
Events Recognition by Tracking Salient Regions from Video Data

In the pre-processing phase the video sources are split into images sequences. The salient objects are detected for the first image of each sequence and it is applied a descendent recursive video processing algorithm for construction an hypergraph structure. The salient regions correspond to the hypernodes which are built dynamically step by step as a result of the tracking algorithm. Hyperedges proper information refers to both spatial and temporal relations between two or more salient regions; these data are used for events detection. The final goal is events detection and classification on the hypergraph based. Experiments conducted using videos from sport domain demonstrated the reliability and the robustness of the proposed method. The next step will involve incidents detecting (abnormal events) within the hypergraph (corresponding to a video source).
An adaptive approach to query mediation across heterogeneous information sources

The authors propose a query mediation framework to support customizable information gathering across heterogeneous and autonomous information sources. Instead of an integrated (and static) global schema, they propose an adaptive approach to interoperability which allows information consumers to represent their queries based on the customized personal view rather than at system-defined integrated view. The query mediation framework consists of five steps: query routing, query decomposition, parallel access plan generation, subquery translation and execution, and query result assembly. Concrete examples illustrate the challenges arising from heterogeneity in these five steps and how the framework scales up as the number of information sources grow and evolve.