Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustained desensitization to bacterial Toll-like receptor ligands after resolutionof respiratory influenza infection

The World Health Organization estimates that lower respiratory tract infections (excluding tuberculosis) account for ∼35% of all deaths caused by infectious diseases. In many cases, the cause of death may be caused by multiple pathogens, e.g., the life-threatening bacterial pneumonia observed in patients infected with influenza virus. The ability to evolve more efficient immunity on each successive encounter with antigen is the hallmark of the adaptive immune response. However, in the absence of cross-reactive T and B cell epitopes, one lung infection can modify immunity and pathology to the next for extended periods of time. We now report for the first time that this phenomenon is mediated by a sustained desensitization of lung sentinel cells to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands; this is an effect that lasts for several months after resolution of influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection and is associated with reduced chemokine production and NF-κB activation in alveolar macrophages. Although such desensitization may be beneficial in alleviating overall immunopathology, the reduced neutrophil recruitment correlates with heightened bacterial load during secondary respiratory infection. Our data therefore suggests that post-viral desensitization to TLR signals may be one possible contributor to the common secondary bacterial pneumonia associated with pandemic and seasonal influenza infection.
A Novel Design of Half Subtractor using Reversible Feynman Gate in Quantum Dot cellular Automata

Quantum Dot cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging, promising alternative to CMOS technology that performs its task by encoding binary information on electronic charge configuration of a cell. All circuit based on QCA has an advantages of high speed, high parallel processing, high integrityand low power consumption. Reversible logic gates are the leading part in Quantum Dot cellular Automata. Reversible logic gates have an extensive feature that does not lose information. In this paper, we present a novel architecture of half subtractor gate design by reversible Feynman gate. This circuit is designedbased on QCA logic gates such as QCA majority voter gate, majority AND gate, majority OR gate and inverter gate. This circuit will provide an effective working efficiency on computational units of the digital circuit system.
Variations of bubble cavitation and temperature elevation during lesion formation by high-intensity focused ultrasound.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is emerging as an effective therapeutic modality in both thermal ablations for solid tumor/cancer and soft-tissue fragmentation. Mechanical and thermal effects, which play an important role in the HIFU treatment simultaneously, are dependent on the operating parameters and may vary with the progress of therapy. Mechanical erosion in the shape of a "squid," a "dumbbell" lesion with both mechanical and thermal lesions, or a "tadpole" lesion with mechanical erosion at the center and thermal necrosis on the boundary in the transparent gel phantom could be produced correspondingly with the pulse duration of 5-30 ms, which is much longer than histotripsy burst but shorter than the time for tissue boiling, and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 0.2-5 Hz. Meanwhile, variations of bubble cavitation (both inertial and stable cavitation) and temperature elevation in the focal region (i.e., z = -2.5, 0, and 2.5 mm) were measured by passive cavitation detection (PCD) and thermocouples during the therapeutic procedure, respectively. Stable cavitation increased with the pulse duration, PRF, and the number of pulses delivered. However, inertial cavitation was found to increase initially and then decrease with long pulse duration and high PRF. Temperature in the pre-focal region is always higher than those at the focal and post-focal position in all tests. Great variations of PCD signals and temperature elevation are due to the generation and persistence of large bubble, which is resistant to collapse and occurs with the increase of pulse duration and PRF. Similar lesion pattern and variations were also observed in ex vivo porcine kidneys. Hyperechoes in the B-mode ultrasound image were comparable to the shape and size of lesions in the dissected tissue. Thermal lesion volume increased with the increase of pulse duration and PRF, but mechanical erosion reached its maximum volume with the pulse duration of 20 ms and PRF of 1 Hz. Altogether, bubble cavitation and thermal field vary with the progress of HIFU treatment with different sonication parameters, which provide insights into the interaction of ultrasound burst with the induced bubbles for both soft tissue fractionation and enhancement in thermal accumulation. Appropriate synergy and monitoring of mechanical and thermal effects would broaden the HIFU application and enhance its efficiency as well as safety.
The fetal electrocardiogram.

In 1906, Cremer1first recorded fetal deflections of about 0.5 mm. amplitude superimposed on the maternal electrocardiogram of nine-month gravid women by a string galvanometer electrocardiograph taking abdominovaginal and abdominorectal leads. Since then others2-10have tried various methods with different instruments, such as special electrocardiograph with amplifiers, increased standardization even up to 20 cm. per millivolt, and the use of the electroencephalograph. Although fetal deflections are obtained in almost 90% of gravid patients, recording of fetalP, QSR, andTwaves are still inadequate. More complex instrumentation based upon electronic cancellation of the maternal tracing will be helpful in this respect.11 As a basis for the subsequent study of the effect of maternal hypertension on the fetal heart rate, a simple method, similar to that employed by Pfister and Plice,12was used for the determination of the fetal heart rate in normotensive pregnancy. Method Fetal heart
On-line Simulation Tool for the Design and Analysis of Lower-limb Prosthetic Devices

This paper presents a new and practical simulation interface to design and analyze lower-limb prosthetic devices. The proposed tool simulates the gait of a lower limb amputee using a desired prosthetic device. It allows the analysis of simple passive devices or the testing of control algorithms for active prostheses. The results presented in this paper correspond to the use of this tool to test a Fuzzy Controller specially designed for an active transfemoral prosthesis. To validate the tool, the simulation results are compared with "real-life" experiments.
Comparative analysis of skin color model for face detection

Skin color detection plays an important phase in identifying the face in images. Detecting face has become difficult because of the complexity in facial features and the similarity between those features. To identify a face, one of the basic step is to segment the image based on skin color. The main objective of the paper is to find a color model which is more suitable and shows a good performance in detecting a face. This paper compares each of the skin color models namely HSV, YCBCR, L*a*b for better accuracy. On such comparison, a hybrid skin color model is derived by combining the suitable color component from the three skin color models. After Morphological operations and using connected components a face is detected. After experiments it is observed that the Hybrid color model based skin detection is more suitable with an accuracy of 93%.
Optical Absorption Measurements of RDX

Optical absorption measurements on a variety of RDX samples in the 1.38–6.2 eV (200–900nm) wavelength range were undertaken to determine the sample‐to‐sample variations present in as‐received samples. Samples were also annealed at elevated temperatures and subjected to pressures as high as 20 GPa to determine the effects of temperature and pressure on the optical absorption spectra. A sample‐to‐sample variation in the optical absorption of as‐received samples was found, with the onset of strong absorption occurring at between 3.6eV (345nm) to 4.1eV (280nm). Subjecting RDX to pressures of 0.3–16GPa lowered the onset of strong absorption at 4.1 eV and produced a weak absorption throughout the visible region. Annealing RDX at temperatures of 383 K increased the measured absorption throughout the UV and visible peaking at ∼3.4 eV (360nm).
On the Compensation of RF Impairments with Multiple Antennas in SIMO OFDM Systems

This paper provides an analysis of the impact of radio frequency (RF) front end impairments (I/Q gain and phase imbalance, phase noise, non-linear distortion and direct current offset) on the performance of a single input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SIMO OFDM) receiver. We developed a new estimation/compensation scheme to jointly compensate for the effect of multipath and RF non- idealities on baseband signals in the special case of Zero-IF receivers. Some first results illustrating this approach are presented for a 4 antenna 802.11 g receiver with the SMI algorithm and with or without IQ imbalance, as well as BER curves for different phase noise models.
Precipitation and Primary Health Care Visits for Gastrointestinal Illness in Gothenburg, Sweden

Background The river Göta Älv is a source of freshwater for the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, and we recently identified a clear influence of upstream precipitation on concentrations of indicator bacteria in the river water, as well as an association with the daily number of phone calls to the nurse advice line related to acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGI calls). This study aimed to examine visits to primary health-care centers owing to similar symptoms (AGI visits) in the same area, to explore associations with precipitation, and to compare variability in AGI visits and AGI calls. Methods We obtained data covering six years (2007–2012) of daily AGI visits and studied their association with prior precipitation (0–28 days) using a distributed lag nonlinear Poisson regression model, adjusting for seasonal patterns and covariates. In addition, we studied the effects of prolonged wet and dry weather on AGI visits. We analyzed lagged short-term relations between AGI visits and AGI calls, and we studied differences in their seasonal patterns using a binomial regression model. Results The study period saw a total of 17,030 AGI visits, and the number of daily visits decreased on days when precipitation occurred. However, prolonged wet weather was associated with an elevated number of AGI visits. Differences in seasonality patterns were observed between AGI visits and AGI calls, as visits were relatively less frequent during winter and relatively more frequent in August, and only weak short-term relations were found. Conclusion AGI visits and AGI calls seems to partly reflect different types of AGI illnesses, and the patients’ choice of medical contact (in-person visits versus phone calls) appears to depend on current weather conditions. An association between prolonged wet weather and increased AGI visits supports the hypothesis that the drinking water is related to an increased risk of AGI illnesses.
Building change detection for high-resolution remotely sensed images based on a semantic dependency

The change of buildings is one of the most valuable information in the monitoring of land use for urban areas. Change detection technique based on multitemporal remote sensing image is an effective approach to obtain information of feature change. However, with the continuous improvement of resolution in remote sensing image, conventional change detection methods have much difficulty in exactly extracting building changes. One difficulty is the displacement for buildings between the Multitemporal remote sensing images due to the different view angles of sensors, another difficulty is the shadows, the above-mentioned difficulties are highlighted in the high-resolution remotely sensed Images. In this paper, a novel method for the detection of building changes from high-resolution images in urban areas is proposed, the candidate changed areas are obtained base on the spectral difference, and then a semantic dependency relation is integrated by a morphological building index technique and a shadow detection method to identify the real changes. The proposed method is evaluated with a pair of QuickBird images of Qingdao City, China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method have a better performance to extract the building changes.
Future Internet video multicasting with essentially perfect resource utilization and QoS guarantees

The multicasting of aggregated digital video over a proposed Future Internet backbone network with essentially perfect throughput, resource-utilization and QoS guarantees is summarized. The Future Internet routers require only minor modifications to the existing router designs. Buffers in existing internet routers are partitioned into 2 traffic classes which can co-exist, the Essentially-Perfect QoS class and the Best-Effort class, i.e., no new buffers are required. Each router includes an FPGA-based Scheduler Lookup Table for the essentially perfect QoS class. RSVP-TE is used to provision the multicast trees in an MPLS-TE network. Each router computes an essentially-perfect transmission schedule for all its QoS-enabled traffic flows, which never experience interference or congestion. (This integer-programming scheduling problem is a long-standing unsolved problem.) The Best-Effort traffic is scheduled using the usual Best-Effort schedulers. It is shown that thousands of bursty self-similar video streams can be multicast across the proposed Future Internet with essentially-perfect link efficiencies and QoS guarantees. The technology (i) can be added into new Internet routers with minimal cost (i.e., a few FPGAs); (ii) it allows for the co-existence of the Essentially-Perfect QoS and the usual Best-Effort traffic classes; (iii) it is compatible with the existing IEFT DiffServ and MPLS-TE service models; (iv) it allows for Internet link efficiencies as high as 100%, and (v) it can reduce Internet router buffer and power requirements significantly.
Faster Ray-Traced Shadows for Hybrid Rendering of Fully Dynamic Scenes by Pre-BVH Culling

With ever increasing ray traversal and hierarchy construction performance the application of ray tracing to problems often tackled by rasterization-based algorithms is becoming a viable alternative. This is especially desirable as the ground truth for these algorithms is often determined by using ray tracing and thus directly applying it is the simplest way to generate images satisfying the reference. In this paper we propose a very efﬁcient pre-process to speed up the construction and traversal of sub-optimal, but fast-to-build hierarchies used for interactive ray tracing and show how it can be applied to shadow rays in a hybrid environment, where ray tracing is used to sample area lights for scene positions found and shaded via rasterization.
3D Underwater Sensor Network Localization

We transform the 3D underwater sensor network (USN) localization problem into its 2D counterpart by employing sensor depth information and a simple projection technique. We first prove that a nondegenerative projection preserves network localizability. We then prove that given a network and a constant k, all of the geometric k-lateration localization methods are equivalent. Based on these results, we design a purely distributed bilateration localization scheme for 3D USNs termed as underwater sensor positioning (USP). Through extensive simulations, we show that USP has the following nice features: (1) improved localization capabilities over existing 3D methods, (2) low storage and computation requirements, (3) predictable and balanced communication overhead, and (4) robustness to errors from the underwater environment.
Hierarchical exact symbolic analysis of large analog integrated circuits by symbolic stamps

Linearized small-signal transistor models share the common circuit structure but may take different parameter values in the ac analysis of an analog circuit simulator. This property can be utilized for symbolic circuit analysis. This paper proposes to use a symbolic stamp for all device models in the same circuit for hierarchical symbolic analysis. Two levels of binary decision diagrams (BDDs) are used for maximum data sharing, one for the symbolic device stamp and the other for modified nodal analysis. The symbolic transadmittances of the device stamp share one BDD for storage saving. The modified nodal analysis (MNA) matrix formulated using symbolic stamp is of much lower dimension, hence it can be solved by a determinant decision diagram (DDD) with significantly reduced complexity. A circuit simulator is implemented based on the proposed partitioning architecture. It is able to analyze an op-amp circuit containing 44 MOS transistors exactly for the first time.
Label Efficient Learning of Transferable Representations acrosss Domains and Tasks

We propose a framework that learns a representation transferable across different domains and tasks in a label efficient manner. Our approach battles domain shift with a domain adversarial loss, and generalizes the embedding to novel task using a metric learning-based approach. Our model is simultaneously optimized on labeled source data and unlabeled or sparsely labeled data in the target domain. Our method shows compelling results on novel classes within a new domain even when only a few labeled examples per class are available, outperforming the prevalent fine-tuning approach. In addition, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on the transfer learning task from image object recognition to video action recognition.
Cyberbullying Identification Using Participant-Vocabulary Consistency

With the rise of social media, people can now form relationships and communities easily regardless of location, race, ethnicity, or gender. However, the power of social media simultaneously enables harmful online behavior such as harassment and bullying. Cyberbullying is a serious social problem, making it an important topic in social network analysis. Machine learning methods can potentially help provide better understanding of this phenomenon, but they must address several key challenges: the rapidly changing vocabulary involved in cyber- bullying, the role of social network structure, and the scale of the data. In this study, we propose a model that simultaneously discovers instigators and victims of bullying as well as new bullying vocabulary by starting with a corpus of social interactions and a seed dictionary of bullying indicators. We formulate an objective function based on participant-vocabulary consistency. We evaluate this approach on Twitter and Ask.fm data sets and show that the proposed method can detect new bullying vocabulary as well as victims and bullies.
Context-Driven Configuration Management using Domain-Specific Modelling Languages

Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) can be used for the configuration of software components – or software models [1]. In the case of a Domain-Specific Modelling Language (DSML) [2][3], the configuration rules and constraints are encoded in the meta-model of the DSML. All configurations written in the DSML have to adhere to this meta-model. In cases where the meta-model does not suffice, additional configurations rules can be expressed and validated using model transformations [4]. Consider a portable (desktop, PDA, mobile phone) instant messaging client, which consists of several models. Two of these models describe alternative user interfaces for the instant messaging client: LCDUI and AWT. An example of a configuration rule is a rule stating that the AWT user interface model may not be combined with the LCDUI user interface model. The LCDUI user interface library only works on mobile phones, while the AWT user interface does not work on mobile phones. Not all configuration rules represent the direct constraints of the software components themselves, but are instead imposed by the target platform – or run-time context in general. From an evolutionary point of view, it is bad practice to encode the configuration rules imposed by context constraints in the DSML meta-model directly. The meta-model may have to be revised for context changes even though the software components (and their direct constraints) haven’t changed. For example, if the AWT user interface model requires the AWT library and the LCDUI user interface model requires the LCDUI library, these models may not be combined if no run-time environment that provides both the AWT and LCDUI libraries exists. Typically, this is represented in the DSML meta-model by not allowing both the AWT user interface and the LCDUI user interface to occur. If a new run-time environment J2ME-complete appears, which provides both AWT and LCDUI, this meta-model rule is no longer valid. Also note that it can be hard to trace back this change in the context to the corresponding configuration rule in the meta-model.
Cooperative transmissions in ultra-dense networks under a bounded dual-slope path loss model

In an ultra-dense network (UDN) where there are more base stations (BSs) than active users, it is possible that many BSs are instantaneously left idle. Thus, how to utilize these dormant BSs by means of cooperative transmission is an interesting question. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a UDN with two types of cooperation schemes: non-coherent joint transmission (JT) without channel state information (CSI) and coherent JT with full CSI knowledge. We consider a bounded dual-slope path loss model to describe UDN environments where a user has several BSs in the near-field and the rest in the far-field. Numerical results show that non-coherent JT cannot improve the user spectral efficiency (SE) due to the simultaneous increment in signal and interference powers. For coherent JT, the achievable SE gain depends on the range of near-field, the relative densities of BSs and users, and the CSI accuracy. Finally, we assess the energy efficiency (EE) of cooperation in UDN. Despite costing extra energy consumption, cooperation can still improve EE under certain conditions.
The Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI in operational use

The Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI provides an assessment of the outdoor thermal environment in bio-meteorological applications based on the equivalence of the dynamic physiological response predicted by a model of human thermoregulation, which was coupled with a state-of-the-art clothing model. The operational procedure, which is available as software from the UTCI website (www.utci.org), showed plausible responses to the influence of humidity and heat radiation in the heat, as well as to wind speed in the cold and was in good agreement with the assessment of ergonomics standards concerned with the thermal environment. This suggests that in this regard UTCI may be universally useable in the research and in the major areas of application of human biometeorology.
Comparison between the Piezoresistive Properties of a-SiC Films Obtained by PECVD and Magnetron Sputtering

This work compares the piezoresistive properties of SiC thin films produced by two techniques enhanced by plasma, PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) and RF magnetron sputtering. In order to study these properties, strain gauges based on SiC films produced were fabricated using photolithography techniques in conjunction with lift-off processes. The beam-bending method was used to characterize the SiC strain gauges fabricated.
Yang-Mills correlation functions from integrable spin chains

The relation between the dilatation operator of = 4 Yang-Mills theory and integrable spin chains makes it possible to compute the one-loop anomalous dimensions of all operators in the theory. In this paper we show how to apply the technology of integrable spin chains to the calculation of Yang-Mills correlation functions by expressing them in terms of matrix elements of spin operators on the corresponding spin chain. We illustrate this method with several examples in the SU(2) sector described by the XXX1/2 chain.