Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-ownership Active Interfaces between Academia and Industry

ABSTRACT This paper explores, after a brief review of the relevant literature, the characteristics of a co-ownership active interface in which the authors are involved. It is asserted that this interface, creative and idiosyncratic by its learning-by-doing outlook, provides a new cooperation platform for technological co-development and knowledge sharing. Linkages between academia and industry lack vitality and they are hampered by unequal expectations. Cooperation between the two sides faces dissimilar mind frames and objectives, and lacks mutual confidence built upon long-term, regular partnerships. Various approaches to university–industry collaboration are called for, desirably rooted in regional characteristics and allowing for cultural idiosyncrasies. In this paper, we claim that the case under analysis, where both strategic and tactical aspects are agreed upon jointly by academics and firms, provides a sound solution for efficient university–industry cooperation initiatives.
Heat Shock Protein Hsp72 Controls Oncogene-Induced Senescence Pathways in Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT The heat shock protein Hsp72 is expressed at the elevated levels in various human tumors, and its levels often correlate with poor prognosis. Previously we reported that knockdown of Hsp72 in certain cancer cells, but not in untransformed breast epithelial cells, triggers senescence via p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the p53-dependent pathway controlled by Hsp72 depends on the oncogenic form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Indeed, upon expression of the oncogenic PI3K, epithelial cells began responding to Hsp72 depletion by activating the p53 pathway. Moreover, in cancer cell lines, activation of the p53 pathway caused by depletion of Hsp72 was dependent on oncogenes that activate the PI3K pathway. On the other hand, the p53-independent senescence pathway controlled by Hsp72 was associated with the Ras oncogene. In this pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) were critical for senescence, and Hsp72 controlled the ERK-activating kinase cascade at the level of Raf-1. Importantly, upon Ras expression, untransformed cells started responding to knockdown of Hsp72 by constitutive activation of ERKs, culminating in senescence. Therefore, Hsp72 is intimately involved in suppression of at least two separate senescence signaling pathways that are regulated by distinct oncogenes in transformed cells, which explains why cancer cells become “addicted” to this heat shock protein.
The European Union’s Accession Negotiations with Turkey from a Foreign Policy Perspective

Abstract The opening of accession negotiations between Turkey and the EU is a historic turning point for the European Union’s foreign policy. This paper proposes that the EU needs to accept Turkey as a member — subject to Turkey’s ability to meet all the accession criteria — for the realization of its foreign policy objectives. The opening of accession negotiations with Turkey is a foreign policy decision for the EU with the aim of bringing about a transformation in Turkey as well as guaranteeing stability in the EU’s borders in the region where Turkey is located. The paper argues that Turkey’s accession is critical for the credibility of the EU’s foreign policy and its enlargement process. In addition, Turkey’s accession would significantly add to the EU’s hard and soft power capabilities, enhancing its role as an international actor.
Foreign direct investment and electronics exports: exploratory empirical evidence from Malaysia s top five electronics exports.

The foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed significantly to Malaysia's electronics exports as well as the growth and development of the electronics industry as a result of the export-oriented industrialization initiatives undertaken since 1970s. The aim of this study is to explore the causation between FDI and electronics exports by using Malaysia''s top five electronics exports by SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) product groups. The findings show a bi-directional causality between FDI and exports of semiconductor devices in the short run. The present study provides important policy implications towards the competitiveness of electronics exports and also promoting and targeting FDI inflows into key and priority growth in the electronics sub-sectors.
Factors affecting fertility in the postpartum cow: role of the oocyte and follicle in conception rate.

Four experiments were designed to examine the contribution of the oocyte or the follicular, oviductal, or early uterine environments to low fertility associated with the first ovulation postpartum. At 17-25 days postpartum in experiments 1, 2, and 3, suckled beef cows were assigned at random to receive 6 mg norgestomet, via ear-implant, for 9 days (NOR) or to serve as controls (CON). Calves were weaned from all cows 7 days after assignment to treatment in order to induce estrus, an LH surge, ovulation, and subsequent formation of CL. As cows were detected to be in estrus, they were bred first by natural service and 12 h later by artificial insemination. In experiment 1, on Day 3 after estrus, the oviduct ipsilateral to the side of ovulation was removed and flushed for recovery of an embryo or oocyte. Rates of recovery (86%), fertilization (68%), and development of fertilized oocytes to the 4- to 8-cell stage (100%) did not differ between CON and NOR cows. In experiment 2, uteri were flushed nonsurgically on Day 6 after estrus. Rates of recovery of embryos from the uterus were similar between CON (86%) and NOR (71%) cows. In experiment 3, one half of the cows in each group (CON and NOR) were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA) beginning on Day 4 after estrus and continuing until Day 35. The remaining cows in each group served as controls. Treatment with NOR increased (p < 0.05) the proportion of cows that maintained pregnancy until Day 35 (9/22) as compared to controls (0/18). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
No Trade, One-Way or Two-Way Trade?

We study how the level of trade costs and the intensity of competition can explain the existence of two-way, one-way or no trade within the same industry. As trade costs decrease from very high to very low values, the economy moves from autarky to a regime of two-way trade, through a regime of one-way trade from the larger to the smaller country. Trade is less likely when the economy gets more competitive. Finally once capital is mobile across countries, the market delivers an outcome in which capital is too much concentrated in the large country.
A preliminary study on a groping framework without external sensors to recognize near-environmental situation for risk-tolerance disaster response robots

This paper proposes a basic near-environmental recognition framework based on groping for risk-tolerance disaster response robot (DRR). In extreme disaster sites, including high radiation and heavy smog, external sensors such as cameras and laser range finders do not work properly, and such sensors may be broken in accidents in the tasks. It is hoped that DRRs can continue to perform tasks, even if the external sensors cannot work, and at least, they can safely evacuate from the site. In this preliminary study, for recognizing near environments without using external sensors, we proposed a groping method. In this method, a robot actively touches the environment using arms or other movable parts, records the contact information, and then reconstructs a three-dimensional local map around the robot by the detected information, e.g., robot arm's position and reactive force. The proposed groping system can recognize the existence of three situations, such as an object, step, and pit, and those geometry, by exploring the designated space using arms. The groping strategy was designed considering both robot specification, time limitation, and required resolution. Experiments were performed using four-arm and four-crawler robot OCTOPUS. The results indicate that the proposed framework could recognize step, pit, and object, and calculate the position and size of the object, and confirm that the robot successfully removed the object on the basis of groped data.
RADIOMETRIC IMAGE CORRECTION WITH AUTOMATIC MODEL SELECTION

Computer vision is a powerful tool for intelligent sensor development. However, noise in CCD cameras leads to significant radiometric distortions. Therefore, radiometric image correction is a critical operation, specially when physics-based models are applied for image processing, as is the case in many industrial applications. All known radiometric correction methods assume that noise characteristics remain stable over time. In this paper, a new radiometric correction method is proposed to account for non static noise effects. The method decomposes radiometric distortion into multiplicative and additive errors, whose optimal models are computed with a new extension to the Generalized Cross-Validation Criterion.
Exchange Stabilization Fund: Slush Fund or War Chest?, The

The Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) holds more than $40 billion that is at the disposal of the US Secretary of the Treasury for use in foreign exchange intervention and international financial support operations. Its use in the Mexican rescue package of 1995 brought the ESF into the public spotlight for the first time in recent years, and it has been deployed in Brazil and several Asian crisis countries as well. Its availability for such packages and its total control by the Treasury secretary have therefore become very controversial. Randall Henning's study maintains that the Fund is an important element of US foreign policy and economic policy and that it should remain under the exclusive control of the Treasury, but that Congress should exercise effective oversight. Henning also covers the legislative history of the ESF and outlines the principles by which the Fund should be administered.
Hemicortical resection and inlay allograft reconstruction for primary bone tumors: a retrospective evaluation in the Netherlands and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Selected primary tumors of the long bones can be adequately treated with hemicortical resection, allowing for optimal function without compromising the oncological outcome. Allografts can be used to reconstruct the defect. As there is a lack of studies of larger populations with sufficient follow-up, little is known about the outcomes of these procedures. METHODS In this nationwide retrospective study, all patients treated with hemicortical resection and allograft reconstruction for a primary bone tumor from 1989 to 2012 were evaluated for (1) mechanical complications and infection, (2) oncological outcome, and (3) failure or allograft survival. The minimum duration of follow-up was twenty-four months. RESULTS The study included 111 patients with a median age of twenty-eight years (range, seven to seventy-three years). The predominant diagnoses were adamantinoma (n = 37; 33%) and parosteal osteosarcoma (n = 18; 16%). At the time of review, 104 patients (94%) were alive (median duration of follow-up, 6.7 years). Seven patients (6%) died, after a median of twenty-six months. Thirty-seven patients (33%) had non-oncological complications, with host bone fracture being the most common (n = 20, 18%); all healed uneventfully. Other complications included nonunion (n = 8; 7%), infection (n = 8; 7%), and allograft fracture (n = 3; 3%). Of ninety-seven patients with a malignant tumor, fifteen (15%) had residual or recurrent tumor and six (6%) had metastasis. The risk of complications and fractures increased with the extent of cortical resection. CONCLUSIONS Survival of hemicortical allografts is excellent. Host bone fracture is the predominant complication; however, none of these fractures necessitated allograft removal in our series. The extent of resection is the most important risk factor for complications. Hemicortical resection is not recommended for high-grade lesions; however, it may be superior to segmental resection for treatment of carefully selected tumors, provided that it is possible to obtain adequate margins. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Isothiocyanate compounds as fluorescent labeling agents for immune serum.

Since the use of fluorescein labeled antibodies for the selective staining of homologous antigens was introduced by Coons and associates,',2 the technique has received wide use and has proved to be a valuable tool in immunologic and microbiologic studies. In addition to the use of fluorescein isocyanate as a labeling agent, as described by Coons, the use of an orange fluorescing isocyanate of rhodamine B has been reported by Silverstein, Eveland and Marshall.8 By using the rhodamine B labeled antibody simultaneously with a different antibody labeled with fluorescein isocyanate, they were able to differentiate between two organisms of unlike antigenic composition in the same smear preparation, one organism appearing red-orange and the other yellow-green when viewed in the ultraviolet microscope. Because of the difficulty in preparation, the danger in the use of phosgene, and the instability of the isocyanates described by Coons and Silverstein, we have undertaken studies to determine if the synthesis of the labeling agents could be simplified and if a chemically active group other than isocyanate could be used in coupling the fluorescent dyes with immune globulin. Recently Goldman and Carver4 overcame the instability of fluorescein isocyanate by absorption to filter paper and have described a simple method of labeling the antiserum. The present report deals with the synthesis of stable, solid isothiocyanates of fluorescein and rhodamine B and the use of these two compounds in "labeling" antibodies for the specific staining of antigens. The dyes have been used in both the direct method of Coons2 and the indirect method of staining as given by Weller and Coons,5 and have shown satisfactory fluorescence when labeled antibody is applied to bacterial smears, bacteria in tissue, and to rickettsiae, bacteria, and viruses in cultured cells.
Key Facts on Central Bank Balance Sheets in Asia and the Pacific

Central bank balance sheets have been expanding rapidly over the past decade in emerging Asia, due to the unprecedented rise in foreign reserve assets. We outline the changes in the composition of both assets and liabilities on central bank balance sheets in the region, and the factors that have contributed to these changes. We summarise the macroeconomic and financial stability risks that large central bank balance sheets may pose for the region, and discuss the modelling challenges in developing a conceptual framework to address the effects of large balance sheets. Full publication: Are Central Bank Balance Sheets in Asia Too Large?
Static Object Detection Based on a Dual Background Model and a Finite-State Machine

Detecting static objects in video sequences has a high relevance in many surveillance applications, such as the detection of abandoned objects in public areas. In this paper, we present a system for the detection of static objects in crowded scenes. Based on the detection of two background models learning at different rates, pixels are classified with the help of a finite-state machine. The background is modelled by two mixtures of Gaussians with identical parameters except for the learning rate. The state machine provides the meaning for the interpretation of the results obtained from background subtraction; it can be implemented as a look-up table with negligible computational cost and it can be easily extended. Due to the definition of the states in the state machine, the system can be used either full automatically or interactively, making it extremely suitable for real-life surveillance applications. The system was successfully validated with several public datasets.
Improving Ethical Decision-Making in Organizations through Ethical Competencies

This research conceptualizes ethical competencies as a factor that can help to improve the understanding of ethical decision-making process in organizations. The authors discuss some limitations of existing models that describe the components of the ethical decision-making process as well as the main factors influencing on it. To overcoming these limitations, the authors propose the concept of ethical competencies as the set of knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired by experience which facilitates the engagement in ethical behaviours that produce an excellent performance in a specific job. The paper theoretically addresses how ethical competencies can influence each component of the ethical decision making process. In addition, the benefits of ethical behaviour for both individuals and organizations are discussed. Finally, some interesting managerial implications are also addressed.
Potential of the back propagation neural network in the morphologic examination of thyroid lesions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of back propagation (BP) neural networks (NNs) in the discrimination of benign from malignant thyroid lesions. STUDY DESIGN The study was performed on May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Using a custom image analysis system, 26 features that describe the size, shape and texture of the nucleus were measured from each cell. The cases were distributed according to categories, as follows: 25 cases of goiter and follicular adenomas, 1 case of follicular carcinoma, 12 cases of papillary carcinoma, 6 cases of oncocytic adenoma, 3 cases of oncocytic carcinoma and 4 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis. From each case about 100 nuclei were measured; they formed a pool of 13,850 feature vectors. Out of this pool, 2,770 vectors were randomly selected to form the training set, and the remaining 11,080 vectors formed the test set. RESULTS The application of a BP NN on the nuclear measurements permitted correct classification of 90.61% nuclei. Classification at the patient level was performed using a hypothesis test for proportion and two different hypothesis values, one equal to the overall accuracy of the NN and one equal to 50%. The second method permitted correct classification of 98% of patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the use of NNs combined with image morphometry and statistical techniques may offer useful information on the potential malignancy of thyroid cells and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNA of the thyroid gland, especially in cases classified as suspicious for malignancy.
JUST-IN-TIME: MORE OR LESS FLEXIBLE?

This paper emphasizes that the Just-in-Time concept has to be seen as an organizational philosophy which requires changes in attitude within firms and systems of firms. Although it has been viewed as an imperative leading to the reconcentration of productive activities in core areas, recent events at both national and international levels of space suggest that this is by no means a certain outcome. The concept is leading to greater operational linkages between sectors and these, in turn, require geographers to develop new and more flexible approaches to their research.
Cholinergic modulation of neuronal excitability and recurrent excitation‐inhibition in prefrontal cortex circuits: implications for gamma oscillations

• Previous studies indicate that cholinergic neuromodulation is required for cognitive processes and for gamma oscillatory activity in neocortical networks in vivo. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) induces gamma oscillations in vitro, via mechanisms that may be shared with those mediating in vivo gamma oscillations. • Here, we studied the effects of CCh on cortical circuit components thought to be critical for gamma oscillations, and found that CCh stimulated firing of pyramidal cells (PCs) and increased excitatory synaptic input onto fast‐spiking interneurons (FSNs). • CCh also modulated synaptic transmission between FSNs and PCs, decreasing synaptic depression during repetitive presynaptic firing, while simultaneously reducing the unitary synaptic currents. • CCh increased the probability of neuron firing per oscillation cycle when PCs and FSNs fired in response to oscillatory input at gamma frequency. • Combined, these effects of CCh may help explain the contribution of cholinergic modulation to gamma oscillations.
The single and multi‐item transshipment problem with fixed transshipment costs

This article deals with supply chain systems in which lateral transshipments are allowed. For a system with two retailers facing stochastic demand, we relax the assumption of negligible fixed transshipment costs, thus, extending existing results for the single‐item case and introducing a new model with multiple items. The goal is to determine optimal transshipment and replenishment policies, such that the total centralized expected profit of both retailers is maximized. For the single‐item problem with fixed transshipment costs, we develop optimality conditions, analyze the expected profit function, and identify the optimal solution. We extend our analysis to multiple items with joint fixed transshipment costs, a problem that has not been investigated previously in the literature, and show how the optimality conditions may be extended for any number of items. Due to the complexity involved in solving these conditions, we suggest a simple heuristic based on the single‐item results. Finally, we conduct a numerical study that provides managerial insights on the solutions obtained in various settings and demonstrates that the suggested heuristic performs very well. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 637–664, 2014
Identifying Corticothalamic Network Epicenters in Patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corticothalamic networks are considered core pathologic substrates for idiopathic generalized epilepsy; however, the predominant epileptogenic epicenters within these networks are still largely unknown. The current study aims to identify these epicenters by resting-state functional connectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify epicenters within the corticothalamic networks in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, we retrospectively studied a large cohort of patients with this condition (n = 97) along with healthy controls (n = 123) by resting-state functional MR imaging. The thalamus was functionally divided into subregions corresponding to distinct cortical lobes for 5 parallel corticothalamic networks. The functional connectivity between each voxel in the cortical lobe and the corresponding thalamic subregion was calculated, and functional connectivity strength was used to evaluate the interconnectivity of voxels in the cortex and thalamus. RESULTS: The projection of 5 cortical lobes to the thalamus is consistent with previous histologic findings in humans. Compared with controls, patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy showed increased functional connectivity strength in 4 corticothalamic networks: 1) the supplementary motor area, pulvinar, and ventral anterior nucleus in the prefrontal-thalamic network; 2) the premotor cortex and ventrolateral nucleus in motor/premotor-thalamic networks; 3) the visual cortex, posterior default mode regions, and pulvinar in parietal/occipital-thalamic networks; and 4) the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal-thalamic network. CONCLUSIONS: Several key nodes were distinguished in 4 corticothalamic networks. The identification of these epicenters refines the corticothalamic network theory and provides insight into the pathophysiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.