Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health care transmission of a newly emergent adenovirus serotype in health care personnel at a military hospital in Texas, 2007.

BACKGROUND Adenoviruses can cause outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness in military trainees, but until 2007, adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) was never associated with such outbreaks. From April through June 2007, 15 trainees at one base were hospitalized for pneumonia due to Ad14. Subsequent reports of febrile respiratory illness among health care personnel suggested nosocomial transmission. METHODS Health care personnel participants completed a questionnaire and provided blood and nasal wash specimens for Ad14 diagnostic testing. We defined a confirmed case of Ad14 infection as one with titers > or = 1:80 or nasal wash specimens positive for Ad14 by polymerase chain reaction, whereas a possible case was defined by titers of 1:20 or 1:40. We also collected environmental samples. RESULTS Among 218 tested health care personnel, 35 (16%) had titers > or = 1:20; of these, 7 had possible cases and 28 had confirmed cases of infection. Confirmed case patients were more likely to report febrile respiratory illness (57% vs 11%; P< .001) and to have had direct contact with patients with Ad14 infection (82% vs 62%; P.04 ). Of the 23 confirmed case patients with direct contact with Ad14-infected patients, 52% reported that patients were not in contact and droplet precautions at the time of exposure. Ad14 was recovered from several hospital surfaces. CONCLUSION Our findings of possible nosocomial transmission of Ad14 highlight the need to reinforce infection control guidelines.
Soil Respiration Response to Long-Term Freezing Saline Water Irrigation with Plastic Mulching in Coastal Saline Plain

The technology of freezing saline water irrigation (FSWI) with plastic mulching has been regarded as an effective way to reclaim the highly saline soil in coastal plains, which enabled the growth of crops in heavy saline soil that was not suitable for any crop growth before. However, after long-term treatment with FSWI, the microenvironment of the soil has been found to be affected by the growth of crops, which will directly influence the balance of soil carbon emissions. In this study, the characteristics of soil respiration in a typical saline field (planted with cotton) under four treatments (FSWI in Winter with plastic mulching, FSWI + Mulch; FSWI in Winter without plastic mulching, FSWI; plastic mulching in Spring without FSWI, mulch; no plastic mulching and no FSWI, CK) were investigated between June and November from 2015 to 2016. The results suggested that the soil surface temperature was an important factor that affected the soil respiration rate in each treatment during the growth period of cotton. FSWI + Mulch can reduce the soil surface salinity to 0.4% during the seedling stage, which increased the survival rate and the abundance of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the cotton field and subsequently increased soil respiration. By examining the effects of FWSI and mulching on soil respiration and its influencing factors, this study provides practical and theoretical insight into the sustainable development of agriculture in coastal saline plains.
Extracción de información a partir de catálogos Web de componentes para SIG

Resumen. Uno de los problemas en el crecimiento del desarrollo de software basado en componentes es la dificultad para localizar y recuperar componentes de software existentes. Para que los desarrolladores puedan realizar las busquedas rapidamente e identificar los componentes candidatos, es necesario organizar y catalogar las colecciones de componentes de software en estructuras que posibiliten la facilidad de las busquedas. Las caracteristicas particulares de los Sistemas de Informacion Geograficos (SIG) provocan que las composiciones de componentes no puedan construirse solo como simples piezas de un producto, sino como un conjunto de elementos pre-ensamblados lo que hace la identificacion de candidatos particularmente compleja. En ese contexto, este articulo presenta un sistema para extraer informacion sobre componentes SIG publicada en repositorios Web, estructurandola en base a un esquema de informacion estandarizado y enriquecido por medio de tecnicas de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural. Se describen los principales elementos del proceso y se ilustra con un caso de estudio.
Viability of Parks and Recreation Centers as Sites for Youth Physical Activity Promotion

This descriptive study explored the potential for public parks and recreation centers as intervention sites for promoting physical activity among youth. Directors (55% women) of 44 recreation centers in San Diego County completed a survey of their centers’ physical activity programming for youths ages 3 to 17 years (response rate = 60%). On an average weekday, 373 (SD = 782) youths participated in physical activity at a center. More boys attended than girls (p < .05). Some centers sponsored after-school programs at elementary (41%) and middle (11%) schools but not at high schools (0%). Primary barriers to providing physical activity programs were inadequate staffing (54%), funding (39%), and facilities (32%). Girls and low-income youth were identified as the most difficult populations to reach. Directors reported considerable interest in collaborating on interventions to improve youth activity programs. Public parks and recreation centers are understudied settings with the potential for substantial involvement in efforts to promote youth physical activity.
Decentralized motion-coordination policy for cooperative mobile robots

In this work we deal with a group of heterogeneous robots that cooperatively accomplish a task in a common area. For such a system, we develop a distributed control mechanism that ensures the correct coordination of their concurrent motion in the shared workspace. The concept assumes an additional level of robot motion control, that enforces temporary velocity reductions in order to avoid collisions as well as deadlocks and livelocks among the robots. The event-driven mechanism underlying the developed model ensures a robust coordination of mutually asynchronous robot controllers, and the mathematical character of the employed abstraction formally guarantees the control correctness.
Estimating of loadability margin of a power system by comparing Voltage Stability Indices

Estimating the margin in the loadability of the power system is essential in the real time voltage stability assessment. Voltage stability is currently one of the most important research areas in the field of electrical power system. The condition of voltage stability in a power system can be known using Voltage Stability Indices (VSI). The loading margin is one of the most widely known and accepted VSI. Voltage Stability Indices can be useful for estimating the distance from the current operating point to voltage collapse point. The indices can either reveal the critical bus of a power system or the stability of each line connected between two buses in an interconnected network or evaluate the voltage stability margins of a system. The comparison of the performances of these indices is presented and the effectiveness of the analyzed methods is demonstrated through simulation studies in IEEE 14 bus reliability test systems
Vascularised fibula osteocutaneous flap for cervical spinal and posterior pharyngeal wall reconstruction

We report a case of vascularised fibula osteocutaneous flap used for composite cervical spinal and posterior pharyngeal wall reconstruction, in a patient with recurrent skull base chordoma, resected by an anterior approach via median labio-mandibular glossotomy approach. Bone stability and pharyngeal wall integrity were simultaneously restored
Causation and counterfactuals

One philosophical approach to causation sees counterfactual dependence as the key to the explanation of causal facts: for example, events c (the cause) and e (the effect) both occur, but had c not occurred, e would not have occurred either. The counterfactual analysis of causation became a focus of philosophical debate after the 1973 publication of the late David Lewis's groundbreaking paper, "Causation," which argues against the previously accepted "regularity" analysis and in favor of what he called the "promising alternative" of the counterfactual analysis. Thirty years after Lewis's paper, this book brings together some of the most important recent work connecting--or, in some cases, disputing the connection between--counterfactuals and causation, including the complete version of Lewis's Whitehead lectures, "Causation as Influence," a major reworking of his original paper. Also included is a more recent essay by Lewis, "Void and Object," on causation by omission. Several of the essays first appeared in a special issue of the Journal of Philosophy, but most, including the unabridged version of "Causation as Influence," are published for the first time or in updated forms.Other topics considered include the "trumping" of one event over another in determining causation; de facto dependence; challenges to the transitivity of causation; the possibility that entities other than events are the fundamental causal relata; the distinction between dependence and production in accounts of causation; the distinction between causation and causal explanation; the context-dependence of causation; probabilistic analyses of causation; and a singularist theory of causation.
Influence of inertia on liquid absorption into paper coating structures

We elucidate in this paper the influence of inertia of the imbibing liquid with special attention to the printing of paper. This is used to explain the observed differences between the absorption properties of fluids into large and small pores in paper coating structures. Without invoking arbitrary changes of the assumed constants in Lucas-Washburn (Washburn 1921) it has been hitherto impossible to describe the retarded imbibition seen when absorbing into highly porous structures containing large pores, for example in matt papers or coatings derived from very steep particle size distribution pigments.
Procrastination in Online Courses: Performance and Attitudinal Differences

This study investigated the relation between dilatory behaviors and performance in students whom we randomly assigned to either an online or a traditional, lecture introductory psychology class. Both sections had full access to a class Web site. There were no reliable differences between the 2 sections of the class on the measures of procrastination, exam performance, or attitudes toward the class. Yet, procrastination was negatively related with exam scores and with attitudes toward the class for the online students, but not for the lecture students. This difference may partially explain why online courses designed to increase the educational efficacy of a course often show no difference in performance when compared to lecture classes.
Procliticized Phonological Phrases in English: Evidence from Rhythm*

Post-lexical stress shift in English, as exemplified by FIFteen MEN (cf. fifTEEN or FIFTEEN) is sensitive to rhythm and constituency. Rhythm can be accounted for by constraints like NoClash, forbidding adjacent accents within the phonological phrase. Constituency has been accounted for by a cyclic application of right-alignment and left-alignment of accents in the phonological phrase. However, such an account fails to take care of multiply premodified NPs like Fifteen Japanese CDs. Ranking right-alignment above left-alignment gives fifTEEN japaNESE ceeDEES and the reverse ranking gives the equally unacceptable FIFteen JAPanese CEEdees. Abandoning a cyclic treatment, I propose a procliticized structure in which procliticized phonological phrases correspond to embedding premodifiers like fifteen in the above example. Such premodifiers align with the left edge with a phonological phrase but fail to align their right edge with a phonological phrase. As a result, the correct (FIFteen (JAPaNESE ceeDEES)) is produced, or, if NoClash is given a stricter interpretation so as to ban accents with only one unaccented syllable between them, the equally correct (FIFteen (JAPanese ceeDEES)). A systematic but hitherto unnoticed stress contrast is discussed, that between e.g. TOO high BUILdings and TWO HIGH BUILdings, and it is shown that the new account deals with it effortlessly.
Treatment of Pain and Limited Movement of the Shoulder in Hemiplegic Patients with Botulinum Toxin A in the Subscapular Muscle

Three poststroke hemiplegic patients were treated by injecting Botulinum toxin A (BtxA) into the subscapularis muscle, to reduce pain and increase the range of motion in the shoulder. According to the described procedure, 250 units of Dysport toxin were injected through a 0.8-mm diameter needle with electrostimulation guidance. In the 3 cases, injection of BtxA reduced pain and improved the range of motion, especially abduction and external rotation, of the hemiplegic shoulder. This result confirms the role of spasticity in hemiplegic shoulder pain and the beneficial effects of Botulinum toxin injection into the subscapularis muscle deserve to be confirmed in further series.
Inclusion of a portion of the native SNCA 3′UTR reduces toxicity of human S129A SNCA on striatal‐projecting dopamine neurons in rat substantia Nigra

Experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) created by aberrant expression of the alpha‐synuclein (SNCA) coding region have been reported. However, noncoding regions function in normal physiology and recent in vitro studies have shown that microRNAs‐7 and ‐153 regulate SNCA expression by binding the 3′UTR. Here, effects of different hSNCA forms were examined in vivo. Adult, male rats were injected into one substantia nigra (SN) with AAV‐wtSNCA, AAV‐S129A hSNCA, or AAV‐S129D hSNCA either with or without a portion of the native 3′UTR. DA neurons in SN that maintained striatal (ST) projections at the end of treatment were retrogradely labeled by bilateral ST fluorogold (FG) injections and FG‐positive DA neurons in SN were counted. At 5 weeks, hSNCA coding vectors reduced numbers of FG‐positive neurons in injected SN compared with uninjected SN (wtSNCA, p = 0.05; S129A/D hSNCA, p = 0.01). At 7 and 9 weeks, wtSNCA‐ and S129D hSNCA‐treated rats exhibited recovery, but S129A hSNCA‐injected rats did not (p = 0.01). In contrast, numbers of FG‐positive neurons were unaffected by hSNCA expression when the 3′UTR was included. When FG‐positive neurons were expressed as the ratio of numbers in injected to uninjected sides, the S129A hSNCA coding vector resulted in the highest decrease at 9 weeks versus wtSNCA (p = 0.05) or S129D hSNCA (p = 0.01). Inclusion of the 3′UTR resulted in no significant differences in FG‐positive neuron ratios. These data suggest that inclusion of the 3′UTR protects against S129A hSNCA‐induced loss of nigrostriatal‐projecting DA neurons in vivo and that mis‐regulation of hSNCA expression and function at noncoding regions contribute to PD pathogenesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 906–917, 2012
Efficacy of a Novel Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine Against the Shedding of Salmonella in a Chicken Challenge Model

Abstract The safety and efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated Salmonella vaccine consisting of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and Salmonella Infantis (SI) was evaluated with chickens. Chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml per dose of the vaccine with an oil adjuvant. To assess the efficacy of the vaccine, vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged by oral inoculation of SE, ST, SI, and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) virulent strains 4 wk after vaccination. The vaccinated chickens showed no clinical abnormalities, and the body weight gain after vaccination was comparable to that of unvaccinated chickens. The shedding of SE from the vaccinated chickens at 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postchallenge were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the unvaccinated chickens. The efficacy of the vaccine against ST and SI was comparable to that against SE. The shedding of SH at 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postchallenge was also significantly reduced in the vaccinated chickens compared with those in the unvaccinated suggesting that the vaccine could be effective against different serotype strains having O antigens homologous to those of the vaccine strains. These results suggest that the novel trivalent inactivated vaccine can be an effective tool for controlling the Salmonella infections of O4, O7, and O9 groups in chicken farms.
The relationship between proximate supply and build-to-order capability

Purpose – To investigate the opportunities provided by proximate supply to support build‐to‐order (BTO) capability and to provide empirical analysis to identify the extent to which supplier parks as a means of facilitating proximate supply can improve supply chain performance and enhance BTO capability in the automotive sector.Design/methodology/approach – A case‐based approach was employed to analyse the relationship between proximate supply and BTO.Findings – The key results of the research demonstrate how proximate supply in the automotive sector achieved through the presence of supplier parks situated adjacent or close to vehicle assembly plants, has provided the means for moving the customer‐order decoupling point upstream and, therefore, increase the percentage of a vehicle that is BTO. BTO is generally regarded as a qualitative concept yet the results are demonstrated by adopting measures that act as a proxy for building to a unique order. In addition, first‐rate performance is seen to be achieved .
Signal processing and display—cardiotocographs

The technology used in cardiotocographs limits the basic resolution of the recorded data. The limitations and errors generated by the data collection, signal processing (autocorrelation) and printing the fetal heart rate (FHR) are discussed. Although adequate for displaying baseline variability, present‐day cardiotocographs are incapable of displaying beat‐to‐beat changes in FHR.
Anomalous Diffusion within the Transcriptome as a Bio-Inspired Computing Framework for Resilience

Much of biology-inspired computer science is based on the Central Dogma, as implemented with genetic algorithms or evolutionary computation. That 60-year-old biological principle based on the genome, transcriptome and proteasome is becoming overshadowed by a new paradigm of complex ordered associations and connections between layers of biological entities, such as interactomes, metabolomics, etc. We define a new hierarchical concept as the “Connectosome”, and propose new venues of computational data structures based on a conceptual framework called “Grand Ensemble” which contains the Central Dogma as a subset. Connectedness and communication within and between living or biology-inspired systems comprise ensembles from which a physical computing system can be conceived. In this framework the delivery of messages is filtered by size and a simple and rapid semantic analysis of their content. This work aims to initiate discussion on the Grand Ensemble in network biology as a representation of a Persistent Turing Machine. This framework adding interaction and persistency to the classic Turing-machine model uses metrics based on resilience that has application to dynamic optimization problem solving in Genetic Programming.
Analysis and design of a current fed non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter

This paper presents the analysis and design of a non-isolated, current-fed buck-boost DC-DC converter. The converter is capable of performing both buck and boost operations with zero-ripple input current. An active-clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance, which minimizes the voltage stress of main switch and provides zero-voltage switching at turn-on. The circuit configuration, operation principle and design considerations of the converter in boost mode are discussed in detail. Experimental results for a 300 W hardware prototype with an input voltage range of 40–50 V and regulated output voltage of 400 V are obtained for validation of the converter topology.
Channels in the loop of henle of the Kidney and the stria vasCularis of the inner ear

ClC-K channels form a subgroup of anion channels within the ClC family of anion transport proteins. They are expressed predominantly in the kidney and in the inner ear, and are necessary for NaCl resorption in the loop of Henle and for K+ secretion by the stria vascularis. Subcellular distribution as well as the function of these channels are tightly regulated by an accessory subunit, barttin. Barttin improves the stability of ClC-K channel protein, stimulates the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and insertion into the plasma membrane and changes its function by modifying voltage-dependent gating processes. The importance of ClC-K/barttin channels is highlighted by several genetic diseases. Dysfunctions of ClC-K channels result in Bartter syndrome, an inherited human condition characterized by impaired urinary concentration. Mutations in the gene encoding barttin, BSND, affect the urinary concentration as well as the sensory function of the inner ear. Surprisingly, there is one BSND mutation that causes deafness without affecting renal function, indicating that kidney function tolerates a reduction of anion channel activity that is not sufficient to support normal signal transduction in inner hair cells. This review summarizes recent work on molecular mechanisms, physiology, and pathophysiology of ClC-K/barttin channels.
Dynamic Modeling of Fatty Acid , Glucose , and Insulin Interactions

Anirban Roy and Robert S. Parker The pancreas is a very important organ in the human body. The β-cells present in the pancreas secrete insulin in order to facilitate glucose uptake by the body tissues as a substrate for energy. Malfunctioning of these β-cells is the cause of diabetes. There are two types of diabetes: insulin dependent (Type I) and insulin independent (Type II). In Type I diabetes, the pancreas is incapable of secreting any insulin, whereas in Type II diabetes the body either becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin to control glucose concentration. One of the major long term effects of diabetes is hyperglycemia, where the plasma glucose concentration exceeds 120 mg/dl due to a lack of pancreatic insulin secretion. Prolonged hyperglycemia causes kidney disease, blindness, loss of limb, etc. Of more immediate concern in diabetes is hypoglycemia, where the plasma glucose concentration drops below the normal level (< 70 mg/dl). This starving of the cells for fuel can lead to dizziness, unconsciousness or even death. Present clinical approaches to glucose regulation for diabetic patients do not do a satisfactory job in maintaining the plasma glucose level within the normoglycemic range (70 120 mg/dl). For this reason there is a focus on model-based approaches to insulin delivery. The current mathematical models of diabetic patients are predominantly glucocentric (glucose-based); hence, these do not consider the effects of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in the body. However, approximately 90% of the muscle energy is derived from fatty acid metabolism when the body is at rest. Further more, significant interactions exist between fatty acid, glucose, and insulin. For instance, recent in vitro studies have shown that continuous hyperglycemia acts as a lipolytic agent thus enhancing the release of stored free fatty acid from adipose tissue into the plasma [1]. On the other hand, insulin acts as an anti-lipolytic agent by promoting the uptake of FFA from the plasma into the adipose tissue for storage as triglycerides [2]. High plasma FFA concentrations reduce insulin-mediated glucose uptake into the liver and periphery [3]. These interactions highlight the importance of fatty acids as metabolites and the necessity for their inclusion in mathematical models of metabolism.