Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Upper-Limb Orientation Based on Accelerometer and Gyroscope Measurements

A solution is proposed to the estimation of upper-limb orientation using miniature accelerometers and gyroscopes. This type of measurement device has many different possible applications, ranging from clinical use with patients presenting a number of conditions such as upper motor neuron syndrome and pathologies that give rise to loss of dexterity, to competitive sports training and virtual reality. Here we focus on a design that minimizes the number of sensors whilst delivering estimates of known accuracy over a defined frequency range. Minimizing the sensor count can make the measurement system less obtrusive, as well as minimising cost and reducing the required bandwidth if using a wireless solution. Accurate measurement of movement amplitude up to 15 Hz is required in our immediate application, namely to quantify tremor in multiple sclerosis patients. The drive for low numbers of sensors and good accuracy at higher frequencies leads to a novel design based on composite filters. The simple estimator structure also gives good insight into the fundamental accuracy limitations based on the sensors chosen. This paper defines the underlying mathematics, and quantifies performance for an estimator for shoulder, upper arm, lower arm and hand orientations. Good estimation accuracy up to 15 Hz is indicated, and this with a reduced total sensor count of 18 compared to 24 that would be required for more conventional estimator architectures.
Dave—a validation error detection and documentation system for fortran programs

This paper describes DAVE, a system for analysing Fortran programs. DAVE is capable of detecting the symptoms of a wide variety of errors In programs, as well as assuring the absence of these errors. In addition, DAVE exposes and documents subtle data relations and flows within programs. The central analytic procedure used is a depth first search. DAVE itself is written in Fortran. Its implementation at the University of Colorado and some early experience are described.
Client-Centered Design of Residential Addiction and Mental Health Care Facilities

In this article we discuss the findings from a series of focus groups conducted as part of a 3-year, mixed-method evaluation of clinical programs in a large mental health and substance use treatment facility in Canada. We examined the perceptions of clinical personnel on the physical design of new treatment units and the impact on service delivery and the work environment. The new physical design appeared to support client recovery and reduce stigma; however, it brought certain challenges. Participants reported a compromised ability to monitor clients, a lack of designated therapeutic spaces, and insufficient workspace for staff. They also thought that physical design positively facilitated communication and therapeutic relationships among clinicians and clients, and increased team cohesion. We suggest that, from these findings, new avenues for research on achieving the important balance between client and staff needs in health facility design can be explored.
Institutional Discovery and Competition in the Evolution of Blockchain Technology

Blockchains are an institutional technology for facilitating decentralised exchange. As open-source software, anybody can develop their own blockchain, ‘fork’ an existing blockchain, or stack a new blockchain on top of an existing one - creating a new environment for exchange with its own rules (institutions) and (crypto)currency. Since the creation of Bitcoin in 2008, blockchains have proliferated, each offering iterative institutional variation. Blockchains present a discrete space in which we can observe the process of institutional discovery through competition. This paper looks at the evolution of blockchains as a Hayekian discovery process. The public nature of blockchains – most blockchains offer public transaction – allows us to observe experimentation and competition at an institutional level with a precision previously unavailable compared to other instances of institutional competition.
Current-handling and switching performance of MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) structures

Experimental results are reported for array-type MCT devices fabricated using a BiMOS process with additional power-specific fabrication steps. Stationary measurements of both the thyristor forward behavior and the intrinsic p-channel MOSFET switch characteristics are an indication of the device quality. Through dynamic testing procedures, the device was analyzed in its transient current handling. The combination of anode current and blocking voltage values is the highest ever reported on MCT devices (2 kV, 5 A, in 2 mu s). <<ETX>>
GCN4, a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, binds as a dimer to target DNA.

The eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4, synthesized in vitro from the cloned gene, binds specifically to the promoters of yeast amino acid biosynthetic genes. Previous analysis of truncated GCN4 derivatives localized the DNA binding domain to the C‐terminal 60 amino acids and revealed that the size of the GCN4 derivative and the electrophoretic mobility of the protein‐DNA complex were inversely related. This observation was utilized here to develop a novel method for determining the subunit structure of DNA binding proteins. A mixture of wild‐type GCN4 protein and a smaller GCN4 derivative generated three complexes with DNA, two corresponding to those observed when the proteins are present individually and one new complex of intermediate mobility. This extra complex results from the heterodimer of the two GCN4 proteins of different sizes, demonstrating that GCN4 binds DNA as a dimer. The contacts sufficient for dimerization were localized to the 60 C‐terminal amino acid, DNA binding domain, suggesting that dimerization of GCN4 is a critical aspect of specific DNA binding. Furthermore, stable GCN4 dimers were formed in the absence of target DNA. These observations suggest a structural model of GCN4 protein in which a dimer binds to overlapping and non‐identical half‐sites, explaining why GCN4 recognition sites act bidirectionally in stimulating transcription.
Coordinating Public-Private Partnership in VET Sector: Evidence from China

Chinese government encourages public-private-partnership (PPP) programs in vocational education (VET) sector in order to solve the collective action dilemma in training market. The article reviews background and policy framework for PPP reform and its current development. Descriptive analysis based on 257 firm-college pairs and 1,679 specific collaboration practices between 171 vocational colleges and 257 industry partners show the most common forms of collaboration at provincial level include master instructors assigned by firms, faculty training, stipends and wages for students, and student aid. Moreover, there is a high degree of variation in terms of popularity of each practice among firms. Firm's choice of collaboration model depends on its ownership type. This paper further illustrates how intermediary organizations can facilitate inter-firm collaboration and schoolfirm cooperation under three PPP coordination models, including firm-led, government-led, and jointled model, based on analyses of multiple case studies in various Chinese regions. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and suggestions for future PPP coordination.
CD34+AC133+ Cells Isolated from Cord Blood are Highly Enriched in Long‐Term Culture‐Initiating Cells, NOD/SCID‐Repopulating Cells and Dendritic Cell Progenitors

The AC133 antigen is a novel antigen selectively expressed on a subset of CD34+ cells in human fetal liver, bone marrow, and blood as demonstrated by flow cytometric analyses. In this study, we have further assessed the expression of AC133 on CD34+ cells in hemopoietic samples and found that there was a highly significant difference between normal bone marrow and cord blood versus aphereses (p <0.0001) but not between bone marrow and cord blood.
WebRogue: rendezvous in a web place

In this paper, we describe the nuts and bolts of WebRogue. WebRogue is an internet tool, which bridges the gap between the virtual presence in a website and the full interaction with other users browsing the same page. The rationale behind WebRogue is simple indeed: a web browser and a chat client are linked together and each time the user loads a web page, he/she can see who is connected to that site and can start an end-to-end chat session with the other users. This allows web surfers to spontaneously aggregate around sites of interest, as happens in the real world, without being limited or controlled in any way by site owners. Additionally, WebRogue provides users with many functionalities to allow sophisticate interactions, such as whispering (sending private messages), screaming (sending a chat message that anyone can read), joining a group of users for group surfing and waiting in line.
Evidence for Supersonic Turbulence in the Upper Atmosphere of Jupiter

Spectra of the hydrogen Lyman α (Ly-α) emission line profiles of the jovian dayglow, obtained by the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, appear complex and variable on time scales of a few minutes. Dramatic changes occur in the Ly-α bulge region at low latitudes, where the line profiles exhibit structures that correspond to supersonic velocities of the order of several to tens of kilometers per second. This behavior, unexpected in a planetary atmosphere, is evidence for the particularly stormy jovian upper atmosphere, not unlike a star's atmosphere.
Control of thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major regulator of both growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes. We previously showed that both functions can be generated by TPO in the megakaryoblastic cell line UT7, in which murine Mpl was introduced, and are independently controlled by distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl. Particularly, residues 71 to 94 of this domain (deleted in the mutant mpl delta3) were found to be required for megakaryocytic maturation but dispensable for proliferation. We show here that TPO-induced differentiation in UT7 cells is tightly dependent on a strong, long-lasting activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Indeed, (i) in UT7-mpl cells, TPO induced a strong activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) which was persistent until at least 4 days in TPO-containing medium; (ii) a specific MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor inhibited TPO-induced megakaryocytic gene expression; (iii) the Mpl mutant mpl delta3, which displayed no maturation activity, transduced only a weak and transient ERK activation in UT7 cells; and (iv) TPO-induced megakaryocytic differentiation in UT7-mpl delta3 cells was partially restored by expression of a constitutively activated mutant of MEK. The capacity of TPO to trigger a strong and prolonged MAPK signal depended on the cell in which Mpl was introduced. In BAF3-mpl cells, TPO triggered a weak and transient ERK activation, similar to that induced in UT7-mpl delta3 cells. In these cells, no difference in MAPK activation was found between normal Mpl and mpl delta3. Thus, depending on the cellular context, several distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl and signaling pathways may contribute to generate quantitative variations in MAPK activation.
Factors That Determine Poultry Market Participation Decision and Its Supply to the Market in Adwa Wereda, Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to identify factors that determine poultry market participation decision and its supply to the market in Adwa wereda, Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. A total of 200 poultry producing sample households from four potential poultry producing Tabias of the wereda were surveyed. Heckman two stage econometric model was used to identify factors determining market participation decision and value of poultry sales. Results obtained from the first stage of the model indicated that sex of the household head, number of chickens owned and extension contact were the variables that influenced the decision to participate in poultry and egg market positively while distance to the wereda market influenced the decision to participate in poultry and egg market negatively. Results from second stage of the model shows that the number of chickens owned and access to extension contact influenced the value of poultry sales by the market participants positively while distance to the wereda market and exotic poultry breed influenced volume of poultry sold by the participants negatively. Results from second stage of the model also shows that, number of poultry owned, access to credit, exotic poultry breed, education status and years of experience in farming influenced the value of egg sales positively while age of the household head were found to be influence egg supply to the market negatively. Keywords : Value Chain Mapping, Value Addition, Profit Margin, Econometric
Congenital heart disease and aneuploidy

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the commonest prenatal diagnoses made on routine ultrasound screening. Overall, up to 33% of CHD are associated with fetal aneuploidy. However, some specific cardiac lesions have a significantly greater association with particular chromosomal abnormalities. The majority of fetuses with CHD and aneuploidy also have extra‐cardiac anomalies and are best managed by a multidisciplinary team where the management and prognosis of the cardiac defect can be discussed in the context of the baby as a whole. It is therefore important for clinicians involved in the management of fetuses with CHD to be aware of the association of aneuploidy as well as the prognosis and management of these cases, so that they can appropriately counsel the parents. In this chapter, we review the frequency and types of aneuploidy associated with the commonly diagnosed CHD and discuss their management. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic disruption of six budding yeast genes gives one drastic example of phenotype strain‐dependence

Using PCR to construct disruption cassettes, null alleles of six genes have been created in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a FY1679 background, no defects were detected in any of the haploid deletion mutants with respect to growth, gross morphology, or mating. A diploid FY1679‐derived Δygl194c/Δygl194c homozygous disruptant displayed reduced sporulation. In contrast to the lack of phenotypic consequences of Δyol100w disruptions in the FY1679 background, in the CEN.PK2 strain even a heterozygous disruption of the same gene caused striking effects, very slow vegetative growth and highly impaired sporulation. Tetrad analysis showed YOL100w to be an essential gene in this strain. A copy of the YGL194c or the YOL100w wild‐type gene borne on a centromeric episomal plasmid was introduced into a corresponding disruption mutant strain, and in both cases was found to partially complement the defects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Case Study in Fraud Prevention: Charlene Corley

This case study discusses fraud, and illustrates several preventive and detective fraud methodologies as they apply to a historical case study (United States of America vs. Charlene Corley). Criminal fraud cases have emerged with greater frequency over time, which has resulted in improved detection methodologies; such as Embedded Audit Modules and Benfordâ€™s Law, and preventive methods, such as budgetary controls. These methodologies are discussed and analyzed in great detail in this paper, and may be implemented by companies to ensure compliance with internal control policies developed by regulatory agencies
Models of the bid-ask spread and informed trading on the Australian Stock Exchange

An issue of corrunon relevance to theoreticia11s, practitioners and regulators of financial markets is information asymmetry. This 1nay arise due to one party to the trading process having superior information or because of uncertainties surrounding the manner in. which individual participants attempt to satisfy their trading de1nands. Interactions a1nong l-raders results in the new information being impounded in prices. But the institutional trading arrangements will impact upon the · welfare h·ansfers between these agents. The area of financial econo1nics known as market rnicrosh·ucture exa1nines how the 1narket setting influences the revelation of information and how traders accordingly interact in a given trading environment. This thesis will examine the extent of asyrruneh·ic infonnation among equities traded on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) with the analysis struchued around alternative n1odels that consider the setting of the bid-ask spread and _enable the probability of informed trading to be inferred fro1n the trade flow. Furthennore, this analysis will present both cross sectional and te1nporal findings to enhance the generalisability of the
Half-Thru de-embedding method for millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave integrated circuits

An accurate de-embedding method for millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave integrated circuits is presented. In this “Half-Thru” de-embedding method, the pad-interconnects parasitics effects are modeled as a Half-Thru structure from both parts of the device under test. Several de-embedding methods over millimeter and sub-millimeter wave frequencies are compared in integrated technology by considering S-CPW transmission lines as device under test. From these comparisons we propose an effective way to de-embed transmission lines. The S-CPW transmission line model and results are obtained from full-wave electromagnetic simulations in BiCMOS 55-nm technology.
Detection of Template Strand Switching during Initiation and Termination of DNA Replication of Porcine Circovirus

ABSTRACT Nucleotide substitution mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the importance of the inverted repeats (palindrome) at the origin of DNA replication (Ori) of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1). Viral genomes with engineered mutations on either arm or both arms of the palindrome were not impaired in protein synthesis and yielded infectious progeny viruses with restored or new palindromes. Thus, a flanking palindrome at the Ori was not essential for initiation of DNA replication, but one was generated inevitably at termination. Among the 26 viruses recovered, 16 showed evidence of template strand switching, from minus-strand genome DNA to palindromic strand DNA, during biosynthesis of the Ori. Here I propose a novel rolling-circle “melting-pot” model for PCV1 DNA replication. In this model, the replicator Rep protein complex binds, destabilizes, and nicks the Ori sequence to initiate leading-strand DNA synthesis. All four strands of the destabilized inverted repeats exist in a “melted” configuration, and the minus-strand viral genome and a palindromic strand are available as templates, simultaneously, during initiation or termination of DNA replication. Inherent in this model is a “gene correction” or “terminal repeat correction” mechanism that can restore mutilated inverted-repeat sequences to a palindrome at the Ori of circular DNAs or at the termini of circularized linear DNAs. Potentially, the melted state of the inverted repeats increases the rate of noncomplementary or illegitimate nucleotide incorporation into the palindrome. Thus, this melting-pot model provides insight into the mechanisms of DNA replication, gene correction, and illegitimate recombination at the Ori of PCV1, and it may be applicable to the replication of other circular DNA molecules.
Data clustering using variable precision rough set

Clustering a set of objects into homogeneous classes is a fundamental operation in data mining. Several cluster analysis techniques have been developed to group objects having similar characteristics. Recently, many attentions have been put on categorical data clustering, where data objects are made up of non-numerical attributes. An algorithm termed MMR using classical rough set theory was proposed to deal with problems in clustering categorical data. However, the MMR algorithm fails to handle noisy data as an integral part of databases. In this paper, an alternative technique for clustering noisy categorical data using Variable Precision Rough Set model is proposed. The results show that the technique provides better performance in selecting the clustering attribute.
Is Testosterone and Estrogen Priming Prior to Clonidine Useful in the Evaluation of the Growth Hormone Status of Short Peripubertal Children?

AIM To determine the usefulness of priming with gonadal steroids prior to growth hormone (GH) stimulation with clonidine in the evaluation of the GH status of short peripubertal children. CHILDREN AND METHODS Thirty-nine children, eight females and 31 males, were studied, with a mean chronological age of 12.37 +/- 2.24 years (range 8-15 years), mean bone age 9.58 +/- 2.21 years, Tanner stage 1-2, with height 134.12 +/- 11.27 cm (Ht-SDS -2.24 +/- 0.95), growth velocity (GV) 4.2 cm/yr (GV SDS -2.12 +/- 1.32) and an inadequate response to an initial GH stimulation test with clonidine (peak GH <10 microg/l). A second stimulation test with clonidine was performed in the same patients after gonadal steroid priming: 100 mg i.m. testosterone enanthate 5-8 days prior to GH stimulation in the males, and 1 mg estradiol valerate daily for 3 days in the females. GH, IGF-I, and testosterone/estradiol were measured before and after priming. RESULTS Twenty-one of 39 children (53.8%) increased their GH response to a level of >10 microg/l following priming with gonadal steroids. Mean peak GH after priming was 12.32 +/- 8.7 microg/l compared to a peak GH level of 4.87 +/- 2.72 microg/l prior to gonadal steroid priming (peak GH 17.42 +/- 8.46 microg/l in the responders versus 5.95 +/- 2.76 microg/l in the non-responders). Although a significant increase in GH and IGF-I concentrations was noted following priming, we were unable to find a correlation between IGF-I concentrations and peak GH following priming. IGF-I levels were not different in the responders and non-responders to clonidine following priming. There was no correlation between pubertal staging and testosterone/estradiol concentrations before priming with the peak GH after priming. CONCLUSIONS Priming with gonadal steroids significantly improves GH secretion following GH stimulation with clonidine and diminishes the possibility of a false diagnosis of GH deficiency. Gonadal steroid priming should therefore be considered in the evaluation of the GH status of short children close to or during the early stages of puberty.