Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Error-Reaction Time Correlation as a Prediction of Category Verification Models

Several category verification models predict a positive error-reaction time correlation. A speed emphasis category verification task was used to test the hypothesis that disagreement among subjects' category membership judgments accounts for a significant part of that correlation. Two commonly investigated categories were used: vehicle and furniture. Results showed that controlling for intersubject disagreement significantly reduced the correlation (a = .05). The exact way by which disagreement affected the correlation was also shown. Words that admitted intersubject differences in category membership judgments produced false negative and false positive errors, with the latter having a significantly higher probability (a = .01). Consequences for general memory and categorization models are discussed. When on a given category verification task reaction times (RTs) are record-ed and averaged for each target word across subjects, RT data show a characteristic skewed pattern. Also, mean RT is positively correlated with RT variance. Typicality is negatively correlated with RT. There is a higher probability of categorization errors in low typicality cases, especially when people trade accuracy for speed (speed-accuracy trade-off, or SAT). It follows that there is a positi~e error-RT correlation. Decisions can be primed by providing subjects with information immedi-ately before a decision is made. This generally produces shorter RTs, but in some cases it actually increases RTs.
Impact of seasonal scarcity on energy balance and body composition in peasant adolescents from Calakmul, Campeche Mexico

A time allocation and anthropometric study were performed on 46 male and 38 female adolescents from 16 peasant households from two different adaptive strategies in the municipio of Calakmul, Campeche Mexico to see if they could maintain energy balance during the annual scarcity season. These strategies were called: “household subsistence agricultural strategy” (HSA) and “household commercial agricultural strategy” (HCA). Each month, from June 2001 to May 2002, adolescents were measured and followed for 24 h. Their activities were recorded at 15 min intervals. Weight for age (W/A), height for age (H/A), body mass index (BMI), arm muscle area, arm fat area, total energy expenditure (TEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were estimated and the data compared between seasons using a repeated measurements analysis of variance. The results suggest that HCA offers their adolescents better buffering against seasonal scarcity, and that HSA males are better protected than females. HCA adolescents didn't show significant losses of weight, and HCA females lost body fat during the scarcity season. HSA vulnerability was observed in W/A and BMI z score reductions during the scarcity season. It also reflected itself in stunted adolescent males and adolescent females with fewer fat reserves. HSA adolescents reduced their BMR to down regulate their energy expenditure during the scarcity season without reducing TEE and physical activity levels. HSA females lost muscle mass during the scarcity season while HSA males didn't. This difference was associated with a more demanding work schedule throughout the year for females. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiobiological Study of Retinal Microvessel Proliferation in Diabetic-like Rat Model

Progressive evolution of retinal vascular in diabetic retinopathy leads to blindness in up to 8,000 patients yearly. The major purpose of this investigation was to determine proton radiation dose response of the eye's retinal vascu- lature in the hypergalactosemia induced rat model of diabetic-like retinopathy and gain insight of possible role of proton radiotherapy in controlling diabetic retinopathy. A single dose range of proton radiation (8, 14, and 20 Gy) was delivered to one eye of each rat at 4 months following induction of hypergalactosemia. The opposite eye of each rat, which was not irradiated, showed normal progression of retinopathy. Stereologic techniques were used to quantify tissue parameters in situ in a retinal digest preparation that allowed unobstructed access to the vasculature. 15 months following 50% galactose diet, characteristic histopathological lesions of retinopathy such as capillary endothelial cell proliferation, capillary clo- sure, capillary microaneurysms, pericyte loss developed in non-irradiated eyes. The endothelial cell densities for rat re- ceiving 50% galactose diet were significantly higher than that of control (p<0.05). Proton irradiation inhibited significant endothelial cell proliferation at dose from 14Gy to 20Gy (p<0.05), yet not diminished pericyte loss at current dose sched- ule. These findings indicated beneficial effects of proton radiation on hypergalactosemia induced diabetic-like retinopa- thy. Our study should have an impact on further studies to optimize radiation treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy.
Combining enriched environment and induced pluripotent stem cell therapy results in improved cognitive and motor function following traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE Despite advances towards potential clinically viable therapies there has been only limited success in improving functional recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In rats, exposure to an enriched environment (EE) improves learning and fosters motor skill development. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been shown to survive transplantation and influence the recovery process. The current study evaluated EE and iPSC as a polytherapy for remediating cognitive deficits following medial frontal cortex (mFC) controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. METHODS Sixty adult male rats received a midline mFC CCI or sham injury and were randomly placed in either EE or standard environment (SE). Seven days post-injury rats received bilateral transplantation of iPSCs or media. Behavioral measures were conducted throughout the remainder of the study. Following behavioral analysis, brains were extracted and prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS Open-field data revealed that combined therapy resulted in typical Sham/EE activity rearing patterns by the conclusion of the study. On the Vermicelli Handling task, rats with EE/iPSC polytherapy performed better than media-treated rats. Furthermore, rats treated with polytherapy performed equivalently to Sham/EE rats on the Morris water maze. Proficiency on the Rotarod was consistently better in EE when compared to SE counterparts. Confocal microscopy confirmed that iPSCs survived and migrated away from the transplantation site. CONCLUSIONS Overall, EE or iPSC therapy improved cognition and motor performance, however, full cognitive restoration was seen only with the EE/iPSC treatment. These data suggest that EE/iPSC therapy should be explored as a potential, clinically relevant, treatment for TBI.
Short-Term Forecasts of Euro Area GDP Growth

Global financial integration unlocks a huge potential for international risk sharing. We examine the degree to which international equity holdings act as a risk sharing device in industrial and emerging economies. We split equity returns into investment income (dividend distribution) and capital gains to investigate which of the two channels delivers the largest potential for risk sharing. Our evidence suggests that net capital gains are a more potent channel of risk sharing. They behave in a countercyclical way, that is they tend to be positive (negative) when the domestic economy is growing more slowly (rapidly) than the rest of the world. Countries with more countercyclical net capital gains experience improved consumption risk sharing. The empirical analysis furthermore suggests that these risk sharing properties of net capital gains have increased through time, in particular in the 1990s and early-2000s, on the back of a declining equity home bias and financial market deepening. JEL Classification: E52, C33, C53
pm-SCAN: an I/O Efficient Structural Clustering Algorithm for Large-scale Graphs

Most existing algorithms for graph clustering, including SCAN, are not designed to cope with large volumes of data that cannot fit in main memory. When there is not enough memory, those algorithms will incur thrashing, i.e. result in huge I/O costs. We propose an I/O-efficient algorithm for structural clustering, pm-SCAN. The main idea of our scheme is to partition a large graph into several subgraphs that can fit into main memory. We first find clusters in each subgraph, and then merge them to produce final clustering of the input graph. Experimental results show that while other existing algorithms are not scalable to the graph size, our proposed method produces scalable performance for limited memory space.
A topic-based framework for rational interaction

Our framework is what we call an “intentional approach” of di alogue (Cohen & Levesque, 1990a; Sadek, 1991; Sadek, 1992; Rao & Georgeff, 1992). This approach is based on theories of Intentionality (Searle, 1983; Bratman, 1987). Within th ese theories, an agent is represented by its “mental state”, which is a set of informations. This se t contains the different mental attitudes about the world the agent has: beliefs, goals, int entions. These theories are at the base of what is called “BDI-architectures” (for belief, des ir and intention) in the literature.
Enhancing the radiation efficiency of compact antenna arrays using spatial tilting

In this paper, uniform circular compact antenna arrays, operating at 2.44 GHz, consisting of five to eight radiating elements are investigated. It is shown that the increase of mutual coupling with the increasing number of elements degrades the radiation efficiency of the antenna array, particularly for the super-directive mode. It is found that tilting of the individual elements along elevation results in a reduction of the mutual coupling, consequently restores partially the radiative performance of the antenna array. However, the recovery of radiation efficiency is limited to a certain angular tilting range. In addition, the optimal tilting angle depends on the number of elements of the antenna array.
Evolutionary Design of Fast High-quality Hash Functions for Network Applications

High speed networks operating at 100 Gbps pose many challenges for hardware and software involved in the packet processing. As the time to process one packet is very short the corresponding operations have to be optimized in terms of the execution time. One of them is non-cryptographic hashing implemented in order to accelerate traffic flow identification. In this paper, a method based on linear genetic programming is presented, which is capable of evolving high-quality hash functions primarily optimized for speed. Evolved hash functions are compared with conventional hash functions in terms of accuracy and execution time using real network data.
Probability and choice in the selection task.

Two experiments using a realistic version of the selection task examined the relationship between participants' probability estimates of finding a counter example and their selections. Experiment 1 used everyday categories in the context of a scenario to determine whether or not the number of instances in a category affected the estimated probability of a counter-example. Experiment 2 modified the scenario in order to alter participants' estimates of finding a specific counter-example. Unlike Kirby 1994a, but consistent with his proposals, both studies showed that probability estimates significantly predicted selection. Overall results point to the value of understanding selections in terms of their subjective expected utility.
On the expressive power of user-defined effects: effect handlers, monadic reflection, delimited control

We compare the expressive power of three programming abstractions for user-defined computational effects: Plotkin and Pretnar's effect handlers, Filinski's monadic reflection, and delimited control without answer-type-modification. This comparison allows a precise discussion about the relative expressiveness of each programming abstraction. It also demonstrates the sensitivity of the relative expressiveness of user-defined effects to seemingly orthogonal language features. We present three calculi, one per abstraction, extending Levy's call-by-push-value. For each calculus, we present syntax, operational semantics, a natural type-and-effect system, and, for effect handlers and monadic reflection, a set-theoretic denotational semantics. We establish their basic metatheoretic properties: safety, termination, and, where applicable, soundness and adequacy. Using Felleisen's notion of a macro translation, we show that these abstractions can macro-express each other, and show which translations preserve typeability. We use the adequate finitary set-theoretic denotational semantics for the monadic calculus to show that effect handlers cannot be macro-expressed while preserving typeability either by monadic reflection or by delimited control. Our argument fails with simple changes to the type system such as polymorphism and inductive types. We supplement our development with a mechanised Abella formalisation.
Kernel subspace-based real-time anomaly detection for hyperspectral imagery

Taking full advantage of nonlinear information, kernel-based nonlinear versions of anomaly detection algorithms generally gain wide attention in hyperspectral imagery. Kernel RX algorithm is not new but a real-time procedure of KRX has not been explored in the past. The need of real-time processing arises from the fact that many targets especially moving targets, must be detected on a timely basis. This paper presents a real-time anomaly detection algorithm based on KRX, named as real-time causal kernel RX detector (RTCKRXD) by which hyperspectral image data can be processed timely. Experimental results demonstrate the new real-time version of KRX significantly solves real-time processing problem compared to conventional KRX anomaly detector with a comparable detection performance.
The use of alternative methods in reducing menopausal complaints in Turkey.

BACKGROUND Millions of women experience menopause every year, therefore the aim of this study is to determine the rates of application of alternative methods applied by women in order to reduce their complaints caused by menopause and alternative application methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 246 women in their menopausal period. The data was obtained by the researcher through face to face interviews during the home visits. During the collection of data, a questionnaire form by the researcher that was developed in accordance with the literature information was applied. RESULTS 37.4% of women were determined to use alternative methods to reduce their menopausal symptoms. In the consequence of statistical analysis, a significant relation was found between the menopausal complaints such as hot flashes, night sweats and sleeping problem and the use of alternative methods in order to reduce their menopausal complaints (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was determined that the women at their menopausal ages experienced vasomotor complaints and sleeping problems and they used alternative methods to reduce those problems.
Integrating Technology into the Social Studies

This article begins with a discussion of the need to integrate technology into K-12 social studies classrooms and continues by introducing and providing social studies-based examples of the Moersch Levels of Technology Integration (LoTi) framework. The authors argue that LoTi levels do not coincide with teachers’ needed technology skill levels. As a result, the article offers suggestions for encouraging adjustment toward greater technology-infused social studies instructional methods based on teacher skill level. Using text and tabular formats, the authors provide numerous technology integration methods for social studies teachers who are “Starting Out Easy,” “Taking the Next Step,” or “Beginning to Excel” with technology.
Children's Testimony in the Netherlands

The authors first provide a brief overview of Dutch agencies that deal with child abuse and neglect, the approach to child abuse, and the position of children as witnesses in the Netherlands. Next, they present Dutch data on child abuse and neglect and child sexual abuse. They then go on to review studies on statement validity analysis. Finally, they report the results of a study in which they compared the presence of content criteria in the statements of alleged sexual abuse victims in four age groups. The comparison was made using criteria-based content analysis, one of the components of the statement validity analysis procedure.
Bis[tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine-κP](tropolonato-κ2 O,O′)copper(I)

The title compound, [Cu(C7H5O2)(C18H12F3P)2], a copper(I) tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine tropolonate derivative, is the first tropolonate complex with fluorinated arylphosphine ligands. The CuI atom has a distorted tetrahedral coordination; the most important geometrical parameters of the molecule are: Cu—P = 2.2377 (10) and 2.2335 (15) Å, Cu—O = 2.084 (2) and 2.082 (2) Å, O—Cu—O = 77.72 (10)°, P—Cu—P = 128.82 (4)° and O—C—C—O = −2.1 (5)°.
Synaptic transmission between individual pyramidal neurons of the rat visual cortex in vitro

Synaptic transmission between pairs of neurons in layer 2/3 of in vitro slices from the rat visual cortex was studied by dual intracellular recording. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of these neurons suggested that they were pyramidal cells. More than 1/3 of the total number of synaptically connected neurons were stained by intracellular iontophoresis of biocytin, and all had pyramidal morphology. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked by single action potentials (elicited by current injection) in presynaptic cells. Measurements of PSP latency, amplitude, and shape were made on spike- triggered averages. Forty-eight synaptic connections were found out of a possible total of 549, equivalent to a probability of about 0.09. For these 48 connections, the distance between the 2 impalement sites ranged from 50 to 340 microns. All PSPs were depolarizing at rest (-74 +/- 5 mV, mean +/- SD), and all 14 of the PSPs that were also recorded with the postsynaptic cell depolarized to around action potential threshold (about -55 mV) remained depolarizing. PSPs had short latencies (1.2 +/- 0.6 msec, mean +/- SD), suggesting that they were mediated by monosynaptic pathways. Peak amplitudes of the averaged PSPs varied widely (range, 0.05–2.08 mV), but the majority were less than 0.5 mV. PSPs decayed exponentially with time constants that were correlated with, but slightly longer than, the membrane time constants of the postsynaptic cells measured using injected current pulses. Four cell pairs were connected reciprocally, and 6 examples of convergent input were found in which a single cell was postsynaptic to more than 1 presynaptic cell. Trial-to-trial fluctuations in PSP amplitude were analyzed for 16 synaptic connections. The amplitude of the PSP evoked by a presynaptic action potential fluctuated more than could be accounted for by the background noise.
Consanguineous Marriage and Marital Adjustment in Turkey

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriage and marital adjustment in Turkey. Despite the fact that most studies emphasized the negative genetic effects of consanguineous marriage, a group of people in Turkey still prefer this type of marriage. In addition to the relationship between consanguineous marriage and marital adjustment, extended family relations were also studied. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Extended Family Relationship Form were administered to 150 married individuals (75 female and 75 male). Of the participants, 68 were in a consanguineous marriage and 82 nonconsanguineous marriage. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The result showed that the consanguineous marriage group had significantly lower marital adjustment and had more conflict with extended family than the nonconsanguineous marriage group. The finding is discussed in the context of research and practice.
Jim Dator's Alternative Futures and the Path to IAF's Aspirational Futures

Jim Dator has specialized in understanding and developing "alternative futures". He periodically assesses the range of futures as seen by experts and futurists and by people in various settings where he serves as a futurist. These expert and popular images change over time, and some reflect that lack of thought about the future. But for three decades Dator has compressed the range of futures into four archetypes – continued growth, collapse/decline, conserver/disciplined society, and high tech transformation. As co-founder of the Institute for Alternative Futures and futures mentor to Clem Bezold, his approach has been significant in the origins and evolution of IAF's aspirational futures approach. Aspirational futures has organizations or communities generate several scenarios: a most likely, best intelligence future that usually parallels a continued growth image; a challenge scenario that considers significant responses to "what could go wrong"; and one or two visionary scenarios that identify future visionary conditions and alternative paths to get there.
Constructor: A System for the Induction of Probabilistic Models

The probabilistic network technology is a knowledge-based technique which focuses on reasoning under uncertainty. Because of its well defined semantics and solid theoretical foundations, the technology is finding increasing application in fields such as medical diagnosis, machine vision, military situation assessment, petroleum exploration, and information retrieval. However, like other knowledge-based techniques, acquiring the qualitative and quantitative information needed to build these networks can be highly labor-intensive. CONSTRUCTQR integrates techniques and concepts from probabilistic networks, artificial intelligence, and statistics in order to induce Markov networks (i.e., undirected probabilistic networks). The resulting networks are useful both qualitatively for concept organization and quantitatively for the assessment of new data. The primary goal of CONSTRUCTOR is to find qualitative structure from data. CONSTRUCTOR finds structure by first, modeling each feature in a data set as a node in a Markov network and secondly, by finding the neighbors of each node in the network. In Markov networks, the neighbors of a node have the property of being the smallest set of nodes which "shield" the node from being affected by other nodes in the graph. This property is used in a heuristic search to identify each node's neighbors. The traditional χ2 test for independence is used to test if a set of nodes "shield" another node. Cross-validation is used to estimate the quality of alternative structures.
Values and valences: Variables relating to the attractiveness and choice of food in different contexts.

This study investigated relations between values and the attractiveness and choice of food in different contexts for a sample of 464 participants who completed a mail survey distributed in 12 supermarkets in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Participants responded to 5 hypothetical scenarios describing situations, each of which presented 2 alternatives relating to the presentation or consumption of different foods. Participants also completed the Schwartz Value Survey (Schwartz, 1992). Results showed that measures of the attractiveness (or valence) of each alternative and choice of alternative were related to specified value types for some scenarios, depending on context and structural relations among the value types engaged by each alternative. Results also implied that choice of alternative was mediated by the valences.