Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A maximum total leakage current estimation method

As transistor size continues to scale down, leakage power has become a critical issue of integrated circuit design. The maximum total leakage current, which is mainly determined by the sum of subthreshold, gate and reverse biased junction BTBT leakage current, is an important parameter to guide low-leakage and high-performance circuit designs. Up to now, how to estimate the maximum leakage current accurately within endurable time remains unsolved. Precise simulators can calculate leakage current accurately, but are only practical for small circuits. In this paper, a fast maximum leakage current estimation method is introduced accompanied with our gate-level leakage current simulator called iLeakage. Experiments on ISCAS circuit suits show that the simulator is significantly accelerated under acceptable error compared with HSPICE and the algorithm is applicable for large circuits.
Application of Multi-criteria Analysis based on the Individual Psychological Profile for Recommender Systems

This paper presents a novel approach for user classification exploiting multicriteria analysis. This method is based on measuring the distance between an observation and its respective Pareto front. The obtained results show that the combination of the standard KNN classification and the distance from Pareto fronts gives satisfactory classification accuracy – higher than the accuracy obtained for each of these methods applied separately. Conclusions from this study may be applied in recommender systems where the proposed method can be implemented as the part of the collaborative filtering algorithm.
Numerical investigations of fluid structure coupling: oscillating hydrofoil

This paper presents an investigation of the hydro elastic behavior of vibrating blades in hydraulic machines, which is of strong interest for turbo machinery applications. As a representative case study for vibrating blade in hydraulic machines, a NACA 0009 oscillating hydrofoil is considered. The aim is to model the hydrodynamic moment acting on the oscillating hydrofoil. Two types of oscillation are investigated: forced and free motions. The fluid torque acting on the hydrofoil is modeled introducing an added moment of inertia, a fluid damping and a fluid stiffness coefficient. The model coefficients are identified through an investigation in the frequency domain of the forced motion. The influence of the frequency and the upstream velocity are investigated. The model is then validated in case of the free motion: numerical simulation and model prediction show good agreements in terms of frequency and dimensionless damping.
Performance Improvement using Application-Specific Instructions under Hardware Constraints

An application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) is a technique that exploits special characteristics of application(s) to meet the desired performance, cost and power requirements. The generation and selection of Application-Specific Instructions (ASIs) dramatically affect the quality of an ASIP with design constraints such as number of register file I/Os and hardware cost. In this paper, a design flow is developed to automatically combine the disjoint operations as an ASI to enrich the selection varieties. The operation cover-ratio and the ASI latency model are used to select profitable ASIs so that the performance can be improved. The experimental results show the maximal 1.64x speed up can be obtained under hardware cost less than 8000 LEs in Altera FPGA.
Bis[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]dinitrosyl(tetrahydroborato-κ2 H,H′)tungsten(0)

In the title paramagnetic 19-electron neutral complex, [W(BH4)(C21H24N2)2(NO)2], the W(0) atom is coordinated by two 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) carbene ligands, two NO groups and two H atoms of an η2-tetrahydroborate ligand. Depending on the number of coordination sites (n) assigned to the BH4 − ligand, the coordination geometry of the W atom may either be described as approximately trigonal–bipyramidal (n = 1) or as very distorted octahedral with the bridging H atoms filling two coordination positions (n = 2). In the latter case, the coplanar NO groups and bridging H atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.032 Å) form one octahedral plane, with mutually trans-oriented carbene ligands. In the crystal, molecules are connected via C—H⋯O interactions.
Expression of acrB, acrF, acrD, marA, and soxS in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Role in Multiple Antibiotic Resistance

ABSTRACT Comparative reverse transcription-PCR in combination with denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis was used to determine the levels of expression of soxS, marA, acrF, acrB, and acrD in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates and mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 with defined deletions. Posttherapy MAR clinical isolates had increased levels of expression of all genes except soxS. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 ΔacrB expressed 7.9-fold more acrF than the parent strain. A strain with an acrF deletion expressed 4.6-fold more acrB. Deletion of acrB and/or acrF resulted in 2.7- to 4.3-fold more marA mRNA and 3.6- to 4.9-fold increases in the levels of expression of acrD but had a variable effect on the expression of soxS. All mutants were hypersusceptible to antibiotics, dyes, and detergents; but the MIC changes were more noticeable for SL1344 with the acrB deletion than for the mutant with the acrF disruption. These mutants had different but overlapping phenotypes, and the concentrations of ciprofloxacin accumulated by the mutants were different. These data suggest that acrB, acrF, and acrD are coordinately regulated and that their expression influences the expression of the transcriptional activators marA and soxS.
Enhanced binding of Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors mediates the hyperoxia‐induced increased expression of the lung type I cell gene T1α

The transcription factor Sp1 plays an important regulatory role in transactivation of the lung type I cell differentiation gene T1α. Like other lung cells, type I cells may encounter changes in oxygen concentration during the lifetime of the organism. We found that exposure of mice to hyperoxia rapidly increases expression of T1α and other type I cell genes, and that returning the mice to normoxia quickly decreases expression. Likewise hyperoxia increases both endogenous T1α expression in lung epithelial cell lines and transcription of luciferase (Luc) from T1α promoter deletion constructs. Using wild‐type promoter fragments and gel shift assays, we determined that Sp1/Sp3 and a key Sp cis‐element in the proximal promoter mediate the hyperoxic response. Mutations of this element and inhibition of Sp–DNA binding by mithramycin block the hyperoxic response. Western analyses of cell homogenates show that the overall abundance of Sp1 and Sp3 proteins is not altered by hyperoxia. However, the abundance of nuclear Sp1 increases after short hyperoxic exposures, suggesting that signaling pathways activated by hyperoxia lead to Sp protein translocation, perhaps as a result of increased Sp phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 887–901, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor SP600125 (Anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole-6 (2H)-one) Blocks Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells

In response to pancreatic injury and in cell culture, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are transformed (“activated”) into highly proliferative myofibroblast-like cells that express α-smooth muscle actin and produce extracellular matrix components. Activated PSCs are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation. We here evaluated the effects of SP600125 (anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole-6 (2H)-one), an inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), on the activation of PSCs. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreas tissue and used in their culture-activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype unless otherwise stated. Activation of JNK was determined by Western blotting using anti-phosphospecific JNK and c-Jun antibodies. Activation of transcription factors was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effects of SP600125 on the key parameters of activation (chemokine production, collagen production, and proliferation) were examined. The effect of SP600125 on the activation of freshly isolated PSCs in culture also was examined. Interleukin-1β activated both 46- and 54-kDa JNK, whereas platelet-derived growth factor-BB activated only 46-kDa JNK. SP600125 inhibited interleukin-1β-induced JNK activity and activator protein-1 activation, but it did not affect the activation of extracellular-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. SP600125 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation, inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, and serum-induced type I collagen production. Although SP600125 did not inhibit the transformation, it attenuated the proliferation of freshly isolated PSCs in culture. Collectively, our results suggest a role of JNK in the activation of PSCs, and a potential application of JNK inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation.
Design and Evaluation of a User-Based Community Discovery Technique

Common experience suggests that users of online services can be grouped into communities on the basis of interest. Much of the recent research on algorithms for identification of communities in the Web has focused on techniques that rely on link structures. In this paper, we describe a new technique for discovering communities of interest in Web services. Instead of relying upon link structures, we propose an algorithm based on user access behavior. A graph structure is created based on the user access patterns. This structure is shown to have useful properties for community discovery. We apply the algorithm to a synthetic dataset, known to show interest-based community structure, and use the results to compare our algorithm against other methodologies. We also apply the algorithm to two real world online services: a bookstore and an online radio. The case studies are relevant because they emphasize the contribution of the algorithm to find out communities in an environment without explicit structures that represent relationships among users.
Effect of porous titanium coating thickness on in vitro osteoblast phenotype expression

Aim This study aimed at determining the effect of different thickness of porous titanium (Ti) coating, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm thick (PC-0.5, PC-1.0 and PC-1.5), on osteoblast phenotype expression. Materials and methods Dense Ti discs coated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm of porous Ti (PC-0.5, PC-1.0 and PC-1.5, respectively) were fabricated by powder metallurgy process with pore size typically between 50 and 400 μm and porosity of 60%. Osteoblastic cells obtained from human alveolar bone were cultured on dense Ti (D-Ti) and PC-Ti discs for periods of up to 17 days. Results Cultures grown on PC-Ti exhibited higher cell proliferation rate than on D-Ti. By comparing PC-Ti groups, it was observed statistical differences on culture grown only at day 10 (PC- 0.5<PC-1.0 and PC-1.5). Cells cultured on PC-1.5 presented the highest gene expression of type I collagen (COL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC). The calcium content was significantly greater on PC-1.5 compared to all other groups. Conclusion These results indicate that PC-Ti favored osteoblastic cell proliferation. In addition, they increased gene expression of osteoblastic markers and higher content of mineralized matrix was observed on the thicker PC-Ti coating (PC-1.5). Therefore, further in vivo evaluations should be done in order to investigate whether this structure should be considered for clinical implant applications.
The influence of rutin on the weight, metastasis and melanin content of B16 melanotic melanoma in C57BL/6 mice.

The influence of rutin on the growth rate and tumor weight of B16 melanoma as well as melanin content and ultrastructure of melanoma cells and metastasis formation was studied in mice. All mice were injected s.c. into the left flank with 0.2 ml of suspension containing 10(6) B16 melanoma cells. The experimental groups were treated with a solution of rutin i.p. every two days with total doses of 1, 5 or 10 mg/mouse. The rutin was dissolved in DMSO. The control groups of mice were injected with 0.2 ml 0.9% NaCl and 0.2 ml DMSO. Increasing doses of rutin 1, 5 or 10 mg per mouse caused augmentation of the tumor mass to 2400 mg, 2600 mg and 2800 mg respectively, whereas the tumor weight of the control group was 980 mg. The median number of lung metastases in the control groups was 12; after treatment with 5 or 10 mg of rutin, the number of lung colonies increased to 19 and 27, respectively. The administration of 10 mg rutin inhibited melanin formation by about 43%. The melanosomes in the experimental groups were in the 2nd or 3rd stage, and the low content of melanin was noticed.
Optimal power control, scheduling, and routing in UWB networks

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is an emerging wireless physical layer technology that uses a very large bandwidth. We are interested in finding the design objectives of the medium access [medium-access control (MAC), namely, power control and scheduling] and routing protocols of a multihop, best-effort, UWB network. Our objective is to maximize flow rates (more precisely, log-utility of flow rates) given node power constraints. The specificity of UWB is expressed by the linear dependence between rate and signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. It is known that, in wireless networks, different routing strategies can imply differences in MAC protocol design. Hence, we search for the jointly optimal routing, scheduling and power control. We find that the optimal solution is characterized by the following. 1) When data is being sent over a link, it is optimal to have an exclusion region around the destination, in which all nodes remain silent during transmission, whereas nodes outside of this region can transmit in parallel, regardless of the interference they produce at the destination. Additionally, the source adapts its transmission rate according to the level of interference at the destination due to sources outside of the exclusion region. 2) The optimal size of this exclusion region depends only on the transmission power of the source of the link, and not on the length of the link nor on positions of nodes in its vicinity. 3) Each node in a given time slot either sends data at the maximum power, or does not send at all. As for the routing, we restrict ourselves to a subset of routes where on each successive hop we decrease the distance toward the destination, and we show that 4) relaying along a minimum energy and loss route is always better than using longer hops or sending directly, which is not obvious since we optimize rate and not power consumption. Finally 5), the design of the optimal MAC protocol is independent of the choice of the routing protocol. For narrowband networks, 2), 4), and 5) do not hold, which shows that the design of an UWB network should be addressed in a different way than for narrowband. Our technical approach is based on expressing the design requirements as a mathematical optimization problem. We solve it exactly for simple networks on a line and approximately on random topologies in a plane with up to 50 nodes with various power constraints, traffic matrices, and mobility parameters.
Spatial workspace collaboration: a SharedView video support system for remote collaboration capability

Collaboration in three-dimensional space: “spatial workspace collaboration” is introduced and an approach supporting its use via a video mediated communication system is described. Verbal expression analysis is primarily focused on. Based on experiment results, movability of a focal point, sharing focal points, movability of a shared workspace, and the ability to confirm viewing intentions and movements were determined to be system requirements necessary to support spatial workspace collaboration. A newly developed SharedView system having the capability to support spatial workspace collaboration is also introduced, tested, and some experimental results described.
Locating an atmospheric contamination source using slow manifolds

Finite-size particle motion in fluids obeys the Maxey–Riley equations, which become singular in the limit of infinitesimally small particle size. Because of this singularity, finding the source of a dispersed set of small particles is a numerically ill-posed problem that leads to exponential blowup. Here we use recent results on the existence of a slow manifold in the Maxey–Riley equations to overcome this difficulty in source inversion. Specifically, we locate the source of particles by projecting their dispersed positions on a time-varying slow manifold, and by advecting them on the manifold in backward time. We use this technique to locate the source of a hypothetical anthrax release in an unsteady three-dimensional atmospheric wind field in an urban street canyon.
Spanning-Tree Kernels on Graphs

Pattern recognition algorithms are facing the challenge to deal with an increasing number of complex objects. For graph data, a whole toolbox of pattern recognition algorithms becomes available by defining a kernel function on instances of graphs. Graph similarity is the central problem for all learning tasks such as clustering and classification on graphs. Graph kernels based on walks, subtrees and cycles in graphs have been proposed so far. As a general problem, these kernels are either computationally expensive or limited in their expressiveness. We try to overcome this problem by defining expressive graph kernels which are based on spanning-tree. Minimum spanning-tree, maximum spanning-tree kernels and mix spanning-tree kernel are computable in polynomial time, retain expressivity and are still positive definite. In experiments on classification of graph models of face images, our spanning-tree kernels show significantly higher classification accuracy than walk-based kernels.
MANNA: a management architecture for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming an increasingly important technology that will be used in a variety of applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, public safety, medical, home and office security, transportation, and military. WSNs will also play a key role in pervasive computing where computing devices and people are connected to the Internet. Until now, WSNs and their applications have been developed without considering a management solution. This is a critical problem since networks comprising tens of thousands of nodes are expected to be used in some of the applications above. This article proposes the MANNA management architecture for WSNs. In particular, it presents the functional, information, and physical management architectures that take into account specific characteristics of this type of network. Some of them are restrict physical resources such as energy and computing power, frequent reconfiguration and adaptation, and faults caused by nodes unavailable. The MANNA architecture considers three management dimensions: functional areas, management levels, and WSN functionalities. These dimensions are specified to the management of a WSN and are the basis for a list of management functions. The article also proposes WSN models to guide the management activities and the use of correlation in the WSN management. This is a first step into a largely unexplored research area.
Superamphiphilic Polyurethane Foams Synergized from Cellulose Nanowhiskers and Graphene Nanoplatelets

Superamphiphilic materials are attracting significant attention because of their unique affinity to both water and oil. It is generally accepted that graphene‐based assemblies are hydrophobic. Here, novel superamphiphilic polyurethane (PU) foams by the synergetic effect of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) are reported. This process involves the creation of CNWs' base coating on the surface of PU network prior to GN coatings to obtain superamphiphilic surfaces by the simple dip‐coating method. Wetting behaviors of the foams start to turn from hydrophobicity into superamphiphilicity by increasing the concentration of the CNWs up to 0.5 wt%. The hydrophobicity recovers when the concentration of CNWs reaches 1.0 wt%. The superamphiphilic foam (CNWs' concentration is 0.75 wt%) exhibits high storage capacity for water and various organic solvents up to 22–24 times of its own weight. Moreover, the coated foams can be reused for absorbing liquids for more than 20 cycles without losing their superamphiphilicity, exhibiting good reusability and durability. The discovery of this superamphiphilic foam is of great significance for the development of superwetting materials and finding their applications in oil emulsions purifying and catalyst anchoring fields.
Femtosecond laser writing of nanogratings on the surface of fused silica

When a femtosecond laser beam is tightly focused onto transparent materials, strong field ionization followed by avalanche ionization may occur, and a fraction of laser energy is absorbed and transferred into the lattice resulting in local heating. The temperature within the irradiation zone will rise up to the melting or boiling point depending on the incident pulse fluence and material properties. As a result, either smooth modification, or well-shaped nanogratings or complex damage may occur. Coulomb explosion may also participate in the material removal process. In this thesis, we focus on the nanograting inscription on the surface of fused silica. We measure the pulse fluence which is required to induce surface nanogratings for different pulse-to-pulse spacing, uncover and quantify the incubation effect in the nanograting inscription process, and propose a modified incubation equation (ablation threshold as a function of pulse-topulse spacing). Using a scanning electron microscope, we examine the structural change on the surface induced by the combination of different writing parameters such as the pulse energy/fluence, pulse-to-pulse spacing and the depth of the focused light below the surface. We show the shot-to-shot evolution of nanogrooves in the static case for a small range of pulse fluence, and demonstrate that well-shaped nanogratings can be obtained with pulse fluence slightly above the reduced ablation threshold, and that the width and spacing of the nanogratings depend on the pulse-to-pulse spacing and pulse fluence. In particular, we propose a new model which consists of local intensity distribution and incubation effect. The progressive evolution of new local maxima and in turn the formation of new nanogrooves in pairs (static case) or in a self-replicating way (scanning case) at specific locations is in fact the physical focus behind the nanograting inscription, as is faithfully reproduced by the experiment. No previously reported model has ever been successful in that respect. Finally, we discuss and demonstrate the potential applications in direct writing of a controllable number of nanochannels and large-area nanogratings.