Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PDCD4 inhibits the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a newly identified tumor suppressor that can inhibit activator protein (AP)‐1 activation and protein translation. Our previous studies indicate that lost or reduced PDCD4 expression is associated with the progression of ovarian carcinoma. However, direct evidence that PDCD4 inhibits malignant phenotype of human cancer cells is limited. In the present study, we found that PDCD4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3, 3AO, and CAOV3) inhibited significantly their proliferation and cell cycle progression, and induced apoptosis. More importantly, up‐regulation of PDCD4 expression decreased the colony‐forming capacity of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenic capacity in mice. These results demonstrate that PDCD4 can suppress the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. (Cancer Sci 2009)
Direct method of overmodulation with integrated closed loop stator flux vector control

Overmodulation achieves full utilization of installed dc link voltage, by modifying the magnitude and the phase of reference voltage vector. Due to the nonlinear behavior in this region, closed loop vector control becomes difficult. A simple method of overmodulation with closed loop control of stator flux vector is proposed in this paper. Instead of modifying the voltage reference by nonlinear equations or look up table, we propose a direct method to generate the switching times. In so doing, the average angular velocity of the stator flux vector is controlled linearly throughout the modulation range. The proposed method shows lower harmonic distortion compared with existing methods. It greatly reduces the complexity and cost of achieving overmodulation over existing schemes.
Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Activated Ha-rasOncogene in Rat-1 Fibroblasts and the Role of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway*

Elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity have been observed in several different transformed cell types that express mutated ras genes. To investigate the mechanism of increased COX-2 expression following Ras-mediated transformation, Rat-1:iRas cell line was transfected with an Ha-Ras Val-12 cDNA expression vector that is under the transcriptional control of the lac operon and is inducible with isopropyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (IPTG). IPTG treatment caused parallel increases in the levels of Ha-Ras and COX-2 proteins in Rat-1:iRas cells. The increased expression of COX-2 was accompanied by increased prostaglandin E2 production. Selective inhibition of COX-2 activity suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 by >90% but did not alter the progress of the morphological transformation. The level of COX-2 mRNA was up-regulated by activated Ha-Ras. Induction of Ras increased the transcription of COX-2 by 44.3 ± 10.1% and increased the half-life of COX-2 mRNA by ∼3.5-fold. A specific mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD 98059) caused a delay in both the activation of ERK1/2 and the induction of COX-2 in IPTG-induced Rat-1:iRas cells. Inhibition of ERK activity by PD 98059 also suppressed the induction of COX-2 by epidermal growth factor in intestinal epithelial cells and significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 in Ha-Ras-transformed rat intestinal epithelial cells. ERK activity appears to be required for induction of COX-2 by Ras.
Upwelling response to atmospheric coastal jets off Central Chile: A modeling study of the October 2000 event.

The spatial and temporal variability of nearshore winds in eastern boundary current systems affect the oceanic heat balance that drives sea surface temperature changes. In this study, regional atmospheric and oceanic simulations are used to document such processes during an atmospheric coastal jet event off central Chile. The event is well reproduced by the atmospheric model and is associated with the migration of an anomalous anticyclone in the southeastern Pacific region during October 2000. A robust feature of the simulation is a sharp coastal wind dropoff, which is insensitive to model resolution. As expected, the simulated oceanic response is a significant sea surface cooling. A surface heat budget analysis shows that vertical mixing is a major contributor to the cooling tendency both in the jet core area and in the nearshore zone where the magnitude of this term is comparable to the magnitude of vertical advection. Sensitivity experiments show that the oceanic response in the coastal area is sensitive to wind dropoff representation. This is because total upwelling, i.e., the sum of coastal upwelling and Ekman pumping, depends on the scale of wind dropoff. Because the latter is much larger than the upwelling scale, coastal wind dropoff has only a weak positive effect on vertical velocities driven by Ekman pumping but has a strong negative effect on coastal upwelling. Interestingly though, the weakening of coastal winds in the dropoff zone has a larger effect on vertical mixing than on vertical advection, with both effects contributing to a reduction of cooling.
Development of diastolic heart failure in a 6-year follow-up study in patients after acute myocarditis

Background The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term prognosis of patients with acute myocarditis (AMC) who had been discharged from hospital while having normal left ventricular (LV) function. Methods and results 50 patients with acute myocarditis who underwent endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) were prospectively studied. Their clinical condition was examined during a mean follow-up period of 72 (54–78) months, including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). 4% (2/50) died, and 6% (3/50) developed dilated cardiomyopathy. 45/50 (90%) showed a normal or improvement in LV function over time. In the course of the follow-up, 49% (22/45) suffered from heart failure symptoms despite a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). This was associated with an abnormal E/A ratio, an impaired deceleration time of early mitral flow velocity and isovolumic relaxation time, and a pathological increase in the LV filling index E/E′, in contrast to patients without heart failure symptoms (E/E′septal 10.9 (9.3–13.8) vs 6.8 (6.4–9.1); p=0.001). Plasma N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide levels were increased threefold in patients with HFNEF (19.9 (10.6–24.1) vs 7.3 (4.2–11.9) pmol/l; p=0.006). Conclusions It is assumed that the evidence for AMC is associated not only with the risk of developing LV dilatation but also with an increased risk of symptomatic diastolic dysfunction after several years.
How clonal are bacteria over time?

Bacteria and archaea reproduce clonally (vertical descent), but exchange genes by recombination (horizontal transfer). Recombination allows adaptive mutations or genes to spread rapidly within (or even between) species, and reduces the burden of deleterious mutations. Clonality – defined here as the balance between vertical and horizontal inheritance – is therefore a key microbial trait, determining how quickly a population can adapt and the size of its gene pool. Here, I discuss whether clonality varies over time and if it can be considered a stable trait of a given population. I show that, in some cases, clonality is clearly not static. For example, non-clonal (highly recombining) populations can give rise to clonal expansions, often of pathogens. However, an analysis of time-course metagenomic data from a lake suggests that a bacterial population’s past clonality (as measured by its genetic diversity) is a good predictor of its future clonality. Clonality therefore appears to be relatively – but not completely – stable over evolutionary time.
Towards Reliable Application Deployment in the Cloud

A common practice to increase the reliability of a cloud application is to deploy redundant instances. Unfortunately such redundancy efforts can be undermined if the application's instances share common dependencies. This paper presents ReCloud, a novel system that can efficiently find a reliable deployment plan for cloud applications. ReCloud considers and avoids common dependencies shared across application instances that may lead to correlated failures, and works with applications that even have complex internal structures. ReCloud utilizes various pieces of available dependency information (e.g., hardware, software and/or network dependencies) about the cloud infrastructure to quantitatively assess the reliability of the application's deployment plan with rigorous error bounds. This assessment further enables ReCloud to find a deployment plan that balances between reliability and other criteria such as application performance and resource utilization. We implemented a fully functional system. The experimental results show that, even in a large cloud environment with more than 27K hosts, ReCloud needs only 30 seconds to find a deployment plan that is one order of magnitude more reliable than the common practice.
Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles in Low-Voltage Distribution Systems

Advances in the development of electric vehicles, along with policy incentives, will see a wider uptake of this technology in the transport sector in future years. However, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles could lead to adverse effects on the power system, especially for existing distribution networks. These effects would include excessive voltage drops and overloading of network components, which occur mainly during periods of simultaneous charging of large numbers of electric vehicles. This paper demonstrates how controlling the rate at which electric vehicles charge can lead to better utilization of existing networks. A technique based on linear programming is employed, which determines the optimal charging rate for each electric vehicle in order to maximize the total power that can be delivered to the vehicles while operating within network limits. The technique is tested on a section of residential distribution network. Results show that, by controlling the charging rate of individual vehicles, high penetrations can be accommodated on existing residential networks with little or no need for upgrading network infrastructure.
A Robust Reception Of Ieee 802.15.4A Ir-Th Uwb In Dense Multipath And Gaussian Noise

IEEE 802.15. 4a impulse radio-time hopping ultra wide band (IR-TH UWB) physical layer, due to small duty cycle and very short pulse widths is robust against multipath propagation. However, scattering and reflections with the large number of obstacles in indoor channel environments, give rise to dense multipath fading. It imposes serious problem to optimum Rake receiver architectures, for which very large number of fingers are needed. Presence of strong noise also affects the reception of fine pulses having extremely low power spectral density. A robust SRake receiver for IEEE 802.15. 4a IRTH UWB in dense multipath and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is proposed to efficiently recover the weak signals with much reduced complexity. It adaptively increases the signal to noise (SNR) by decreasing noise through a recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. For simulation, dense multipath environment of IEEE 802.15. 4a industrial non line of sight (NLOS) is employed. The power delay profile (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the respective channel environment are found. Moreover, the error performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated in comparison with conventional SRake and AWGN correlation receivers. The simulation results indicate a substantial performance improvement with very less number of Rake fingers.
Audio watermarking techniques using sinusoidal patterns based on pseudorandom sequences

The spread-spectrum watermarking (SSW) technology has become an important technique that is not only widely used for still image and video watermarking, but is also used for audio watermarking. However, some technical problems, such as requiring watermark shaping to reduce audible noise, have greatly limited its application. We present a novel audio watermarking scheme using SSW technology by which we can embed a watermark into an audio signal imperceptibly with robustness to a wide range of unintended and intended attacks. The watermark is represented by sinusoidal patterns consisting of sinusoids with phase-modulation by elements of a pseudorandom sequence. We have confirmed, theoretically and experimentally, that the sinusoidal patterns based on pseudorandom sequences have the same correlation properties as pseudorandom sequences. Compared with the traditional methods using pseudorandom sequences directly for watermarking, the sinusoidal patterns are more easily manipulated for watermark embedding and detection and do not require time-consuming watermark shaping. Both watermark embedding and detection are computationally inexpensive and watermark extraction is completed by blind detection. The effectiveness of the proposed method both in inaudibility and robustness were verified by the STEP 2001 test.
Parametric Mean Survival Time Analysis in Gastric Cancer Patients

Background The mean survival time (MS) has acquired increasing importance as an outcome indicator for patient care and technology assessment. The authors use lifelong followup data from gastric cancer patients to study whether the MS is predictable from 5-year follow-up information based on 2 parametric models. Methods . The authors used 3597 gastric cancer patients operated on between 1950 and 1969 to create 50 groups. For each group, the disease-related survival curve (DRSC) was estimated from the 5-year follow-up data using the Boag model. The MS for the group was then estimated by combining the DRSC with the survival curve for the age and sex-matched contemporaries (control group) based on the competing risk model. Alternatively, it was estimated by using the DRSC and the MS for the control group (the survival limit model). These predicted MS values were compared with the full follow-up observations. Results . Although individual prediction errors varied depending on the group size (63 to 3597 patients) and the length of MS (0.3 to 20.2 years), the mean prediction errors were reasonably small; the survival limit model overestimated MS by 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 7.8) and the competing risk model by 3.2% (95% CI, 0.1 to 6.5). Conclusions . MS for gastric cancer patients is parametrically predictable from 5-year follow-up data. This analysis should be applicable to other diseases showing log-normal failure time distributions.
EEG mean power and complexity analysis during complex mental task

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between EEG measures (mean power and sample entropy) and complex mental reasoning task (IQ test). Six healthy university students participated voluntarily in the experiment. EEG was recorded at resting states (eye open and eye closed) and during performing IQ test and analyzed over 12 regions across the scalp. EEG mean power measure of delta and theta frequency significantly (p<;0.025) discriminated the IQ test from resting states at frontal regions and alpha frequency at parietal, occipital and parieto-occipital regions. Highly reduced mean power of beta frequency was found during IQ test at parietal, occipital and parieto-occipital regions as compared to frontal regions. Results of Sample Entropy (SE) showed high complexity in EEG signal during IQ test than resting state eye closed. Our findings showed high cortical activation and increased EEG complexity during IQ test than resting states.
Inheritance of Primary Yield Component Traits of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Number of Seeds per Pod and 1000 Seed Weight in an 8X8 Diallel Cross Population

— Thirty six genotypes (8 parents and 28 F 1 diallel crosses) were grown in randomized complete block design during 2006 at Mandura, North western Ethiopia. The experiment was executed to study the inheritance of two primary yield component traits: number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight. Statistical significant difference was observed between genotypes, parents, and crosses for these traits. The mean square due to GCA was significant for the two traits. However, SCA mean square was significant only for number of seeds per pod. Thus both additive and non-additive types of gene actions were important in the inheritance of number of seeds per pod. Significant b 1 component was obtained for this trait. The b 2 and b 3 components, however, were not significant, suggesting the absence of gene asymmetry. From Wr/Vr graph, inheritance of seeds per pod was governed by partial dominance with additive gene action.
A Linear Multi-Mode CMOS Power Amplifier With Discrete Resizing and Concurrent Power Combining Structure

Efficiency degradation effects of power combining transformers with partially disabled inputs are quantitatively analyzed. To improve efficiencies in lower-power modes of a multi-mode class-AB power amplifier (PA), a discrete resizing technique is introduced in combination with a parallel-combining transformer (PCT). The two-stage PA implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology also includes varactor-based tunable matching circuits. The design method involves parallel-combining of two power stages, each of which are divided into three sub-cells to facilitate discrete resizing. The parallel-combining of concurrently resized power cells minimizes undesired power loss through the transformer and helps the PA to utilize the transformer efficiency maximally independent of the number of combining cells. When operating in the high-power mode, the PA exhibits a peak output power of 31 dBm with a PAE of 34.8%. Power back-offs are realized by discretely turning off parallel sub-amplifier cells concurrently, achieving output power levels of 26 dBm and 22.3 dBm with respective PAE of 22.5% and 15%. The EVM has been measured with IEEE 802.11g WLAN and 802.16e WiMAX modulated signals in three operation modes. In the high-power mode, the PA dissipates 590 mA from a 3.3 V supply.
From named place to naming event: creating gazetteers for history

For historians and other scholars of the human past, gazetteers are best seen as records of events in the histories of places, rather than as indexes of named places per se. This paper discusses the episodic nature of historical temporality, the narrative form of reasoning in history, and the value of using events as the basis for gazetteers in order to reflect the character of knowledge about historical places. It identifies the attributes of a historical event and introduces the idea that a historical event gazetteer must build networks of relationships among events in order to effectively represent historical narrative. It reviews relevant bodies of literature and proposes a procedure for identifying chronological, mereological, and causal relationships among historical events. Finally, it suggests new directions in spatiotemporal visualization of history, with reference to a prototype developed by the authors.
Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion

Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still unclear. Here, we report the 2.1-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in emerging porcine SADS-CoV and the 1.8-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in the highly lethal cat FIPV. Although they belong to different subtypes of α-CoVs, these viruses all have a bucket-shaped fold composed of six β-sheets, similar to the crystal structure of PEDV and TGEV nsp1. Comparing the above four structures, we found that the structure of α-CoVs nsp1 in the same subtype was more conserved. We then selected mammalian cells that were treated with SADS-CoV and FIPV nsp1 for RNA sequencing analysis and found that nsp1 had a specific inhibitory effect on interferon (IFN) and cell cycle genes. Using the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) assay and Western blotting, we confirmed that seven representative α-CoVs nsp1s could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT1-S727 and interfere with the effect of IFN-I. Moreover, the cell cycle experiment confirmed that α-CoVs nsp1 could encourage host cells to stay in the G0/G1 phase. Based on these findings, we not only greatly improved the crystal structure data on α-CoVs nsp1, but we also speculated that α-CoVs nsp1 regulated host proliferation and immune evasion-related biological functions by inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins, thus creating an environment conducive to the virus.
Simple method for detection of the self-heating signature

This paper reports a simple method for detection of the self-heating effect through a special signature, without the need of specific structures or high frequency systems, even in devices presenting positive output conductances. In order to develop this method, simple numerical models were employed, and later verified through experimental observation with pFinFET devices.
Machine learning under budget constraints

Cette these propose de s'interesser au probleme de la prediction en apprentissage statistique sous contrainte de cout, notamment du cout de l'information utilisee par le systeme de prediction. Les approches classiques d'apprentissage statistique utilisent generalement le seul aspect de la performance en prediction pour evaluer la qualite d'un modele, ignorant le cout potentiel du modele, par exemple en quantite de donnees utilisees en apprentissage (nombre d'exemples, nombre d'etiquette, memoire) ou en inference (quantite de features -ou caracteristiques-). Nous proposons plus particulierement dans ce manuscrit plusieurs approches pour l'inference sous contrainte de cout en terme de caracteristiques. Nous developpons trois modeles qui integrent pendant l'apprentissage une notion du cout de l'information utilisee pour la prediction, avec pour objectif de contraindre le cout de la prediction en inference. Nous presentons un modele de selection de features applique au demarrage a froid en recommendation, puis deux methodes adaptatives d'acquisition de caracteristiques, qui permettent un meilleur compromis cout/prediction, dans un cadre plus general. Nous utilisons des methodes d'apprentissage de representations avec des architectures type reseau de neurones recurrents et des algorithmes par descente de gradient pour l'apprentissage. La derniere partie du manuscrit s'interesse au cout lie aux etiquettes, usuellement denomme apprentissage actif dans la litterature. Nous presentons nos travaux pour une approche nouvelle de ce probleme en utilisant le meta-apprentissage ainsi qu'une premiere instanciation basee sur des reseaux recurrents bi-directionnels.
Cisapride and Proarrhythmia in Childhood

Statements appearing here are those of the writers and do not represent the official position of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Inc. or its Committees. Comments on any topic, including the contents of Pediatrics, are invited from all members of the profession: those accepted for publication will not be subject to major editorial revision but generally must be no more than 400 words in length. The editors reserve the right to publish replies and may solicit responses from authors and others.