Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin–Histone Deacetylase Interactions Regulate the Transition of LEF1 from a Transcriptional Repressor to an Activator

ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that certain LEF/TCF family members act as repressors in the absence of Wnt signaling. We show here that repression by LEF1 requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further, LEF1 associates in vivo with HDAC1, and transcription of a model LEF1-dependent target gene is modulated by the ratio of HDAC1 to β-catenin, implying that repression by LEF1 is mediated by promoter-targeted HDAC. Consistent with this hypothesis, under repression conditions the promoter region of a LEF1 target gene is hypoacetylated. By contrast, when the reporter is activated, its promoter becomes hyperacetylated. Coexpression of β-catenin with LEF1 and HDAC1 results in the formation of a β-catenin/HDAC1 complex. Surprisingly, the enzymatic activity of HDAC1 associated with β-catenin is attenuated. Together, these findings imply that activation of LEF1-dependent genes by β-catenin involves a two-step mechanism. First, HDAC1 is dissociated from LEF1 and its enzymatic activity is attenuated. This first step yields a promoter that is inactive but poised for activation. Second, once HDAC1-dependent repression has been overridden, β-catenin binds LEF1 and the β-catenin–LEF1 complex is competent to activate the expression of downstream target genes.
Versatile architecture-level fault injection framework for reliability evaluation: A first report

Forthcoming technologies hold the promise of a significant increase in integration density, performance and functionality. However, a dramatic change in microprocessor's reliability is also expected. Developing mechanisms for early and accurate reliability estimation will save significant design effort, resources and consequently will positively impact product's time-to-market (TTM). In this paper, we propose a versatile architecture-level fault injection framework, built on top of a state-of-the-art x86 microprocessor simulator, for thorough and fast characterization of a wide range of hardware components with respect to various fault models.
Coherent backscattering of light by disordered media: Analysis of the peak line shape.

Recent experiments have confirmed that coherent effects in the multiple scattering of light affect the angular dependence of the intensity reflected by disordered media. By considering the constructive interferences between time-reversed paths of light in a semi-infinite medium, we analyze the experimental line shape of the albedo within the diffusion approximation and explain the observed effects of polarization.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated antibody patterns in carcinoma of the post-nasal space.

Sera from African patients with tumours of the post-nasal space, Hong Kong Chinese patients with carcinomas of the post-nasal space and from Indian donors with buccal, oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as African control sera from healthy persons and individuals with various non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases were tested for anti-Epstein–Barr virus titres and for antibodies capable of blocking the direct membrane immunofluorescence reaction obtained between Epstein-Barr virus carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines and two different fluorescein conjugated reference sera; one from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (F-Mutua conjugate) and the other from a patient with carcinoma of the post-nasal space (F-Kipkoech conjugate). Ninety per cent or more of the African and Chinese patients with carcinoma of the post-nasal space gave at least one high test, and 60% were high in all three assays. In contrast, African patients with post-nasal space tumours other than carcinomas, African controls and Indian buccal, oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinomas gave high reactions in all three assays in less than 20%.
The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk and causes of death and to quantify mortality predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA patients (n = 3,501) from 4 centers (Saskatoon n = 905, Wichita n = 1,405, Stanford n = 886, and Santa Clara n = 305) were followed for up to 35 years; 922 patients died. RESULTS The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.26 (Saskatoon 2.24, Wichita 1.98, Stanford 3.08, Santa Clara 2.18) and increased with time. Mortality was strikingly increased for specific causes: infection, lymphoproliferative malignancy, gastroenterologic, and RA. In addition, as an effect of the SMR of 2.26, the expected number of deaths was increased nonspecifically across all causes (except cancer), with a large excess of deaths attributable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Independent predictors of mortality included age, education, male sex, function, rheumatoid factor, nodules, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint count, and prednisone use. CONCLUSION Mortality rates are increased at least 2-fold in RA, and are linked to clinical severity.
Mating Asymmetries and Phylogeny in the Drosophila melanogaster Species Complex

The propensities for interspecific courtship and mating among the four species of the Drosophila melanogaster species complex were studied to examine Kaneshiro's hypothesis relating asymmetrical interspecific mating to the direction of phylogeny. Strong asymmetries were revealed, especially involving the ability of sechellia and mauritiana males to inseminate simulans females. A possible basis for these asymmetries involving partial mechanical isolation is proposed. The relationship to phylogeny, if any, remains unclear. USING THE INDEPENDENTLY INFERRED PHYLOGENY of several Hawaiian Drosophila, Kaneshiro (1976, 1983) has suggested that the well-known asymmetrical propensities for interspecific mating in Drosophila and other organisms may reflect the direction of phylogeny. He hypothesized that females of derived species are more likely to mate with males of ancestral species than vice-versa because of a loss in complexity in the courtship of the derived species. This potentially powerful hypothesis has now been subjected to several tests and refinement, but the actual behavioral basis for the asymmetries is not known for any example , and the relationship to phylogeny is not yet generally accepted (for a review, see Giddings and Templeton 1983). The Drosophila melanogaster species complex has been used as an example supposedly conflicting with Kaneshiro's model (Watanabe and Kawanishi 1979). An earlier analysis of the three species then known in the complex did not resolve the question (Robertson 1983a), but now a fourth species, D. sechellia, has been discovered (Tsacas and Bachli 1981). It is very closely related to simulans and mauritiana (Lemeunier and Ashburner 1 This work was supported by a Guyer Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin . Madison. 2University of Wisconsin, Departmen t of Zoology, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Present address: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana , Illinois 6180I. 72 1984, Lachaise et al. 1986). Here I describe the propensities for interspecific courtship and mating for the four species now known, suggest a novel basis for the asymmetries observed, and discuss possible relationships to phylogeny.
Marker‐fusion PCR for one‐step mutagenesis of essential genes in yeast

We describe a one‐step gene replacement method based on fusion PCR that can be used to mutagenize essential genes at their endogenous locus. Marker‐fusion PCR can facilitate transfer of alleles between strains as well as PCR‐based techniques, such as site‐directed and error‐prone PCR mutagenesis, all without cloning or strain constructions. With this method, PCR is used to fuse a mutagenized fragment to an overlapping fragment containing a selectable marker flanked by regions of homology to the target. By transforming yeast with these PCR products, specific mutations are introduced at the endogenous locus through homologous recombination. We tested the ‘marker‐fusion PCR’ method using the budding yeast CDC28 gene and were able to efficiently introduce site‐directed mutations and integrate genomic or plasmid‐borne mutant alleles. As a further application for this method, we used a spiked oligonucleotide to randomize the coding sequence for a single domain of CDC28 and were able to construct highly mutagenized libraries for this region. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient UD-based algorithm for the computation of maximum likelihood sensitivity of continuous-discrete systems

This paper addresses maximum likelihood parameter estimation of continuous-time nonlinear systems with discrete-time measurements. We derive an efficient algorithm for the computation of the log-likelihood function and its gradient, which can be used in gradient-based optimization algorithms. This algorithm uses UD decomposition of symmetric matrices and the array algorithm for covariance update and gradient computation. We test our algorithm on the Lotka-Volterra equations. Compared to the maximum likelihood estimation based on finite difference gradient computation, we get a significant speedup without compromising the numerical accuracy.
Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice

Significance The Arctic sea ice retreat has been one of the most dramatic climate changes in recent decades. Nearly 50 y ago it was predicted that a darkening of the Arctic associated with disappearing ice would be a consequence of global warming. Using satellite measurements, this analysis directly quantifies how much the Arctic as viewed from space has darkened in response to the recent sea ice retreat. We find that this decline has caused 6.4 ± 0.9 W/m2 of radiative heating since 1979, considerably larger than expectations from models and recent less direct estimates. Averaged globally, this albedo change is equivalent to 25% of the direct forcing from CO2 during the past 30 y. The decline of Arctic sea ice has been documented in over 30 y of satellite passive microwave observations. The resulting darkening of the Arctic and its amplification of global warming was hypothesized almost 50 y ago but has yet to be verified with direct observations. This study uses satellite radiation budget measurements along with satellite microwave sea ice data to document the Arctic-wide decrease in planetary albedo and its amplifying effect on the warming. The analysis reveals a striking relationship between planetary albedo and sea ice cover, quantities inferred from two independent satellite instruments. We find that the Arctic planetary albedo has decreased from 0.52 to 0.48 between 1979 and 2011, corresponding to an additional 6.4 ± 0.9 W/m2 of solar energy input into the Arctic Ocean region since 1979. Averaged over the globe, this albedo decrease corresponds to a forcing that is 25% as large as that due to the change in CO2 during this period, considerably larger than expectations from models and other less direct recent estimates. Changes in cloudiness appear to play a negligible role in observed Arctic darkening, thus reducing the possibility of Arctic cloud albedo feedbacks mitigating future Arctic warming.
Informed Principal, Moral Hazard, and the Value of a More Informative Technology

We analyze a principal-agent model with moral hazard in which the principal has private information about the technology. We characterize Perfect Bayesian Equilibria of the contracting game that possess the following properties: (i) a principal with a more informative technology ends up earning less profits than a principal with a less informative one does; (ii) compared to the complete information case, the actions implemented by the privately informed principal can be distorted; (iii) the agent can end up being better off when the principal has private information.
On the Nature and Antiquity of the Manix Lake Industry

Unfortunately, much of the debate between these two positions is characterized by preliminary research reports, hasty examinations of sites, a near absence of published data, and unsystematic and incomplete analyses. This is particularly true when the debate is over claims for early occupation in southern California, a region that has produced more purportedly early material than any other part of North America (cf. Moratto 1984). The purpose of this paper is to present recent data bearing on one of these claims, the Manix Lake Industry (Simpson 1958, 1960, 1964).
Dosage Escalation, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Four Dosages of a Tetravalent Meninogococcal Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Infants

Background: Young children have the highest incidence of meningococcal infection. Approximately 50% of disease in United States children less than 2 years of age is caused by serogroups C and Y. In the developing world, serogroups A and W-135 cause outbreaks and epidemics of infection. Methods: Three groups of 30 infants were enrolled. The first group of infants was given 3 doses of a quadrivalent (group A, C, Y, W-135) polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (MCV-4) at a dosage of 1 μg of each serogroup polysaccharide. The second group of infants was given MCV-4 at a dosage of 4 μg, and the last group of children received a 10-μg dosage. Vaccinations were given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A subset of these children was vaccinated at 15 to 18 months of age with licensed meningococcal polysaccharide (A, C, Y, W-135) vaccine. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers were measured with baby rabbit complement. Results: The proportion of infants with local reactions increased significantly with increasing dosages after Injection 1 and 3. Approximately 1 month after completion of the primary series, the proportion of infants with an SBA titer ≥1/8 ranged from 54 to 92%, depending on the serogroup and dose of polysaccharide contained in the vaccine. The SBA geometric mean titer varied from 17.4 to 101.6. There was no statistically significant difference between the SBA responses among the 3 dosage groups. After vaccination with polysaccharide vaccine at 15 to 18 months of age, mean fold increases in SBA of 4.9 to 170.3 were observed, suggesting an anamnestic response. Conclusions: MCV-4 appears to have a reactogenicity profile acceptable to parents and health care providers. It was only modestly immunogenic in infants, but it appeared to prime the immune system of the majority of infants given three doses in infancy. There is no statistically significant immunologic advantage conferred by increasing the dosage beyond 4 μg/ml, and local reactions are more frequent after the 10-μg/ml dosage.
Omnidirectional Vision Tracking with Particle Filter

Visual tracking is one of the most important topics of computer vision. Challenging situations occurs when the time between frames is long enough to show significant spatial jumps of the target being tracked or when the target has unexpected motions. In this paper, we offer an alternative to these situations. We use background subtraction to find the foreground regions (regions that move between frames). Using the foreground regions and a modified version of the well-known particle filter we are able to track targets in an omnidirectional sequence with a low frame rate (one or two frames per second). Our approach can tackle unexpected discontinuities and changes in the direction of the motion
7 Tesla MR Imaging: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract The urge to increase magnetic field strength is driven by a number of potentially beneficial physical changes, possibly resulting in improved MR diagnostics. With the successful introduction of in-vivo ultra-high-field MR imaging, by means of 7 Tesla MRI, the focus of scientific research has been set on compiling different applications of brain and body imaging. This review presents an overview on the current status of 7 T MR imaging, investigating the opportunities as well as challenges associated with ultra-high-field MRI. Citation Format: • Umutlu L, Ladd ME, Forsting M et al. 7 Tesla MR Imaging: Opportunities and Challenges. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2014; 186: 121 – 129
Changes in Psychological Health and Subjective Well-Being Among Incarcerated Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

While improving the psychological health and well-being of individuals with serious mental illness can help reduce emotional distress and increase resilience, not enough is known about the well-being of incarcerated individuals with mental illness. Using the Schwartz Outcome Scale-10, the authors examined changes in subjective well-being and its association with other clinical symptoms and personality features in 43 mentally ill inmates in a large jail. All participants demonstrated significant improvement in general psychopathology and negative emotions. For well-being, however, different trajectories were associated with high versus low baseline ratings. Furthermore, those in the high well-being group were more likely to show features of aggression, dominance, hostility, mania, and more positive affect. These findings suggest that the level of well-being among inmates with serious mental illness may be an early indicator of personality features, clinical changes, and resilience, which is essential knowledge required when completing effective treatment planning.
Assessment of pulmonary function of cement industry workers from West Bengal, India

___________________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: To evaluate the basic pulmonary function parameters of cement industry workers from West Bengal. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a cement factory at Durgapur, district Burdwan on male cement industry workers and a control group of office workers. Materials and methods: Ninety workers of different sections of cement industry and a control group of 141 office workers participated in this study. All the dynamic pulmonary function parameters were determined by spirometry. Number of years of exposure to cement dust, respiratory symptoms and smoking history if any were recorded. Results: Nineteen percent of higher age group and 28% of lower age group workers had restrictive pulmonary diseases but smokers showed higher percentage of restrictive and combined respiratory diseases. Prevalence of chest tightness and chronic bronchitis were highest in packing, loading and storage department workers (OR=5.09 and 6.4 respectively) followed by maintenance workers of the workshop (OR=4.41 and 2.59 respectively) and then the production department workers. Logistic regression analysis of prevalence of respiratory symptoms at the multivariate level indicated that year of smoking and dust concentration were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis but smoking habit was significantly associated with chest tightness. In addition, 46% and 20% of higher and lower age group workers from high dust zone suffered from the liver problems. Multiple regression equations of pulmonary function parameters on the basis of age, body height, year of dust exposure and duration of smoking had been established but the equations were significant for FVC, FEV1 and FEF 75-85%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated acute reduction of respiratory functions of cement industry workers from West Bengal. The work signified occupational health hazards of these cement industry workers which indicates an alarming situation if remain unchecked.
ADAM 17 silencing suppresses the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer

A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 has been implicated in the tumor progression of various types of solid tumor; however, little is known about its role in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The present study evaluated whether the downregulation of ADAM17 affects cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell migration and cell invasion in NSCLC. A recombinant lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector carrying ADAM17 was constructed and then infected into A549 cells, a human NSCLC cell line. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and cell invasion were determined following the downregulation of ADAM17 by siRNA. It was revealed that downregulation of ADAM17 expression using an RNA silencing approach in A549 tumor cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. These data suggested that ADAM17 is an important regulator of the tumorigenic properties of human NSCLC and may be used as a potential anticancer therapeutic target in NSCLC.
management of postoperative bile lead tertiary centers experience

Background and aim: Bile duct leak is an infrequent but serious disorder. The great majority occurs after hepatobiliary surgery. Early recognition and adequate multidisciplinary approach is the cornerstone for the optimal final outcomes. Traditionally, surgery has been the gold standard for the management of bile leak, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biliary endoscopic procedures have become the treatment of choice, as simple, noninvasive procedure, with low morbidity and mortality, short hospital stay, and coast effective, with demonstrated results comparable to those achieved with surgery.We aim toevaluate the optimal management of postoperative bile leak. Methods and Material: In the period from January 2014 to October 2016, 155 patients with postoperative bile leak referred to our tertiary specialized centers were managed and evaluated. Results: The definitive management of bile leak was done within 0-143 days. Patients were managed accordingly using, endoscopy in 116 patients (plus percutaneous techniques in 4 patients) and surgery in 39 patients. The endoscopic treatment proved very effective in 94.7% of the patients with simple bile leak and 44.2% of the patients with complex bile leak. Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment substituted surgery in all simple bile leak cases as a competitive treatment.Surgical treatment was the definitive treatment of complex bile leak; however endoscopy was a mandatory complementary tool in initial management. 1 Volume 2016; Issue 05
A new EXAFS investigation of local structural changes in amorphous and crystalline GeO2 at high pressure

Structural transformations at high pressure in amorphous and quartz-like crystalline GeO2 have been investigated by using a Paris–Edinburgh press coupled to EXAFS spectroscopy. From both the germanium absorption edge position and the Ge–O distance evolution, new detailed information has been obtained about the pressure behavior of the short range order. Crystalline GeO2 undergoes a transformation from four- to six-fold coordination at about 8.5 GPa, but at least the whole 6–12 GPa pressure range should be considered as the transition region. On the other hand, amorphous GeO2 is characterized by a much more gradual structural change and the full octahedral state is not reached at 13 GPa as commonly believed. Furthermore, no support to the recently claimed fully pentahedral intermediate state can be given. EXAFS signals of glassy GeO2 beyond the first Ge–O shell qualitatively confirm the continuous breakdown of the intermediate range order up to 10 GPa.