Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of miR‐214 expression represses proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that participate in diverse biological processes including skeletal muscle development. MiR‐214 is an miRNA that is differentially expressed in porcine embryonic muscle and adult skeletal muscle, suggesting that miR‐214 may be related to embryonic myogenesis. In this study, the myoblast cell line C2C12 was used for functional analysis of miR‐214 in vitro. The results showed that miR‐214 was expressed both in myoblasts and in myotubes and was upregulated during differentiation. After treatment with an miR‐214 inhibitor and culturing in differentiation medium, myoblast differentiation was repressed, as indicated by the significant downregulation of expression of the myogenic markers myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Interestingly, myoblast proliferation was also repressed when cells were transfected with an miR‐214 inhibitor and cultured in growth medium by real‐time proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. Our results showed that miR‐214 regulates both proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts depending on the conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer Attitudes and Voluntary Rate Schedules for Public Utilities

Attitudes enter as latent explanatory variables in a model of consumers' choice among optional rate schedules offered by a public utility. A consistent estimator of the choice model is described that utilizes the distribution of the latent attitude variables conditional on manifest indicator variables. The model is applied to households' choice between time-of-use and non-time-differentiated rates for electricity to determine the impact of attitudes about energy conservation. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.
Counterparty Risk and Funding: A Tale of Two Puzzles

Financial Landscape A Galilean Dialogue on Counterparty Risk, CVA, DVA, Multiple Curves, Collateral, and Funding To the Discerning Reader The First Day The Second Day The Third Day The Fourth Day The Whys of the LOIS Financial Setup Indifference Valuation Model LOIS Formula Numerical Study Model-Free Developments Pure Counterparty Risk Cash Flows Valuation and Hedging CSA Specifications Bilateral Counterparty Risk under Funding Constraints Introduction Market Model Trading Strategies Martingale Pricing Approach TVA Example Reduced-Form BSDE Modeling A Reduced-Form TVA BSDE Approach to Counterparty Risk under Funding Constraints Introduction Pre-Default BSDE Modeling Markov Case The Four Wings of the TVA Introduction TVA Representations CSA Specifications Clean Valuations TVA Computations Dynamic Copula Models Dynamic Gaussian Copula Model Introduction Model Clean Valuation and Hedging of Credit Derivatives Counterparty Risk Common-Shock Model Introduction Model of Default Times Clean Pricing, Calibration and Hedging Numerical Results CVA Pricing and Hedging CVA Computations for one CDS in the Common-Shock Model Introduction Generalities Common-Shock Model with Deterministic Intensities Numerical Results with Deterministic Intensities Common-Shock Model with Stochastic Intensities Numerics CVA Computations for Credit Portfolios in the Common-Shock Model Portfolio of CDS CDO Tranches Further Developments Rating Triggers and Credit Migrations Introduction Credit Value Adjustment and Collateralization under Rating Triggers Markov Copula Approach for Rating-Based Pricing Applications A Unified Perspective Introduction Marked Default Time Reduced-Form Modeling Dynamic Gaussian Copula TVA Model Dynamic Marshall-Olkin Copula TVA Model Mathematical Appendix Stochastic Analysis Prerequisites Stochastic Integration Ito Processes Jump-Diffusions Feynman-Kac Formula Backward Stochastic Differential Equations Measure Changes and Random Intensity of Jumps Reduction of Filtration and Hazard Intensity Pre-Default Credit Risk Modeling Markov Consistency and Markov Copulas Introduction Consistent Markov Processes Markov Copulas Examples Index
Using the artificial neural network to assess bank credit risk: a case study of Indonesia

Ever since the Asian Financial Crisis, concerns have arisen over whether policy-makers have sufficient tools to maintain financial stability. The ability to predict financial disturbances enables the authorities to take precautionary action to minimize their impact. In this context, the authorities may use any financial indicators which may accurately predict shifts in the quality of bank exposures. This article uses key macro-economic variables (i.e. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, the inflation rate, stock prices, exchange rates, and money in circulation) to predict the default rate of the Indonesian Islamic banks’ exposures. The default rates are forecasted using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology, which incorporates the Bayesian Regularization technique. From the sensitivity analysis, it is shown that stock prices could be used as a leading indicator of future problems.
ALOS Calibration and Validation Activities in Sweden

This paper describes the Swedish activities to support calibration and validation of the Japanese satellite ALOS. Data over three test sites from the instruments PALSAR and AVNIR-2 will be provided by JAXA for evaluation purposes. The main activity during 2006 is a PALSAR calibration experiment using four 5-m radar reflectors, which will be deployed at the test site in southern Sweden. The ALOS data will also be used for developing forest applications, e.g. detection of clear-cuts and storm damages.
Supply Chain Management: Unheard of in the 1970s, core to today's company

Although the Supply Chain Management (SCM) concept was born at the beginning of the 1980s, research in the field was almost non-existent until the mid-1990s. Since then, the growth of SCM research has been exponential. Currently, SCM is making the change from being an emerging research field to becoming a consolidated one. The aim of this paper is to analyse the way SCM has developed from its origins and to determine whether its present development corresponds to the needs that companies are experiencing. This article provides a frame of reference for SCM research, which is essential for the definitive consolidation of a fledgling field such as this. It also allows any possible gap between SCM research and practice to be minimised.
Pharmacokinetics of KRM-1648, a new benzoxazinorifamycin, in rats and dogs

The pharmacokinetics of 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl) benzoxazinorifamycin (KRM-1648) in rats and dogs given a single oral dose of 3, 30, or 100 mg/kg of body weight were studied. In the rats, the concentrations of KRM-1648 in plasma, whole blood, and tissues peaked between 2.0 and 24.0 h, with elimination half-lives ranging from 6.2 to 19.5 h. The peak concentrations and the areas under the concentration-versus-time curves (AUC) for whole blood and tissues were 2 to 277 times higher than those for plasma. The high levels of KRM-1648 in tissues were consistent with its large volume of distribution (in excess of 10 liters/kg). A nonlinear increase in peak concentrations and AUCs for plasma, whole blood, and tissues occurred as the dose was increased and was consistent with the dose-dependent decrease in bioavailability. In the dogs, KRM-1648 levels in plasma and whole blood also exhibited a late time to the peak concentration (ranging from 4.0 to 11.2 h), a long elimination half-life (ranging from 15.2 to 24.0 h), and nonlinear kinetics. KRM-1648 exhibited high levels of plasma protein binding (more than 99%) and a high degree of affinity for lipoproteins in the plasma of both animals. After administration of KRM-1648, measurable levels of its metabolites, 25-deacetyl KRM-1648 in rats and 25-deacetyl KRM-1648 and 30-hydroxy KRM-1648 in dogs, were found in the biological samples tested. Thus, KRM-1648 is characterized by a high tissue affinity, a long elimination half-life, and nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
Understanding long-term trends of DHT networks

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been prevalent within the Internet community for many years. Crawling a DHT network allows researchers to monitor the behavior of peers, determine their geographic location, and predict their trend, etc. To characterize a DHT network accurately and comprehensively, the measurements should be conducted in the long term, which are rarely considered in the former studies. In this paper, we crawl the snapshots of two biggest DHT networks, Mainline and Kad, in 2009 and 2016 respectively to find out their changes and characters. Firstly, we use the hybrid approach proposed in our former studies to take snapshots for Mainline and Kad. Then, we characterize DHT networks regarding metrics such as size variety, peer liveness, ID liveness, and geography transformation during the past seven years. Finally, with the data and model, we analyze several interesting features and changes of these two DHT networks, which would be useful for the design and measurement of the DHT network in the future.
Putting the Civil Society Sector on the Economic Map of the World

The past twenty-five years have witnessed a spectacular expansion of philanthropy, volunteering, and civil society organizations throughout the world. Indeed, we seem to be in the midst of a 'global associational revolution,' a worldwide upsurge of organized private voluntary activity. Despite the promise that this development holds, however, the nonprofit or civil society sector remains the invisible subcontinent on the social landscape of most countries, poorly understood by policymakers and the public at large, often encumbered by legal limitations, and inadequately utilized as a mechanism for addressing public problems. One reason for this is the lack of basic information on its scope, structure, financing, and contributions in most parts of the world. This lack of information is due in part to the fact that significant components of the nonprofit sector fall within the non-observed, or informal, economy, and in part to the way even the observed parts of this sector have historically been treated in the prevailing System of National Accounts (SNA). This paper provides an overview of a series of steps that have been taken over the past 20 years by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University in cooperation with colleagues around the world and, more recently, with officials in the United Nations Statistics Division and the International Labour Organization to remedy this situation, culminating in the issuance and initial implementation of a new United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts and the forthcoming publication of a new International Labour Organization Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work. Taken together, these efforts point the way toward putting the civil society sector on the economic map of the world for the first time in a systematically comparative way. Copyright © 2010 The Author Journal compilation © CIRIEC 2010.
Highly sensitive detection of methane based on tunable diode laser absorption spectrum

Traditional methane detection techniques in power transformer oil have the problems of cross sensitivity and insecurity factor. Based on Beer-Lambert spectral absorption law, low concentration methane detection with tunable diode laser absorption spectrum is proposed in this paper for the advantages of high sensitivity and resolution. Firstly, the central wavelength of 1653.72 nm in near infrared spectrum is selected. Then long optical length gas cell by means of refraction and reflection more than 20 times is built in the laboratory. At last, at different concentrations ranging from 50~1000 μL/L, the harmonic signal waveforms are obtained. Experimental results show that the lower detection limit of this developed methane system can detect 1.28 μL/L approximately and the deviation is less than 0.02 V, which proved to be a prospective sensing technique to be utilized in power transformers.
Exertional Heat Illness in American Football Players: When Is the Risk Greatest?

CONTEXT Knowledge about the specific environmental and practice risks to participants in American intercollegiate football during preseason practices is limited. Identifying risks may mitigate occurrences of exertional heat illness (EHI). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations among preseason practice day, session number, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the incidence of EHI. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Sixty colleges and universities representing 5 geographic regions of the United States. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS National Collegiate Athletic Association football players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Data related to preseason practice day, session number, and WBGT. We measured WBGT every 15 minutes during the practice sessions and used the mean WBGT from each session in the analysis. We recorded the incidence of EHIs and calculated the athlete-exposures (AEs). RESULTS A total of 553 EHI cases and 365 810 AEs were reported for an overall EHI rate of 1.52/1000 AEs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.68). Approximately 74% (n = 407) of the reported EHI cases were exertional heat cramps (incidence rate = 1.14/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.25), and about 26% (n = 146) were a combination of exertional heat syncope and heat exhaustion (incidence rate = 0.40/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.48). The highest rate of EHI occurred during the first 14 days of the preseason period, and the greatest risk was during the first 7 days. The risk of EHI increased substantially when the WBGT was 82.0°F (27.8°C) or greater. CONCLUSIONS We found an increased rate of EHI during the first 14 days of practice, especially during the first 7 days. When the WBGT was greater than 82.0°F (27.8°C), the rate of EHI increased. Sports medicine personnel should take all necessary preventive measures to reduce the EHI risk during the first 14 days of practice and when the environmental conditions are greater than 82.0°F (27.8°C) WBGT.
Are 12-lead ECG findings associated with the risk of cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke in young adults?

Abstract Introduction: Ischemic stroke (IS) in a young patient is a disaster and recurrent cardiovascular events could add further impairment. Identifying patients with high risk of such events is therefore important. The prognostic relevance of ECG for this population is unknown. Materials and methods: A total of 690 IS patients aged 15–49 years were included. A 12-lead ECG was obtained 1–14 d after the onset of stroke. We adjusted for demographic factors, comorbidities, and stroke characteristics, Cox regression models were used to identify independent ECG parameters associated with long-term risks of (1) any cardiovascular event, (2) cardiac events, and (3) recurrent stroke. Results: Median follow-up time was 8.8 years. About 26.4% of patients experienced a cardiovascular event, 14.5% had cardiac events, and 14.6% recurrent strokes. ECG parameters associated with recurrent cardiovascular events were bundle branch blocks, P-terminal force, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a broader QRS complex. Furthermore, more leftward P-wave axis, prolonged QTc, and P-wave duration >120 ms were associated with increased risks of cardiac events. No ECG parameters were independently associated with recurrent stroke. Conclusion: A 12-lead ECG can be used for risk prediction of cardiovascular events but not for recurrent stroke in young IS patients. KEY MESSAGES ECG is an easy, inexpensive, and useful tool for identifying young ischemic stroke patients with a high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events and it has a statistically significant association with these events even after adjusting for confounding factors. Bundle branch blocks, P-terminal force, broader QRS complex, LVH according to Cornell voltage duration criteria, more leftward P-wave axis, prolonged QTc, and P-wave duration >120 ms are predictors for future cardiovascular or cardiac events in these patients. No ECG parameters were independently associated with recurrent stroke.
Regulation and regulatory parameters of histone modifications

Histone acetylation and phosphorylation destablizes nucleosome and chromatin structure. Relaxation of the chromatin fiber facilitates transcription. Coactivator complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity are recruited by transcription factors bound to enhancers or promoters. The recruited histone acetyltransferases may acetylate histone or nonhistone chromosomal proteins, resulting in the relaxation of chromatin structure. Alternatively, repressors recruit corepressor complexes with histone deacetylase activity, leading to condensation of chromatin.This review highlights the recent advances made in our understanding of the roles of histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone kinases, and protein phosphatases in transcriptional activation and repression. Exciting reports revealing mechanistic connections between histone modifying activities and the RNA polymerase II machinery, the coupling of histone deacetylation and DNA methylation, the possible involvement of histone deacetylases in the organization of nuclear DNA, and the role of chromatin modulators in oncogenesis are discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:203–213, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Integrated Affine Jump Diffusion Framework to Manage Power Portfolios in a Deregulated Market

Electricity markets around the world have gone through, or are currently in a deregulation phase. As a result, power companies that formerly enjoyed a monopoly are now facing risks. In order to cover (hedge) these risks, futures markets have emerged, in parallel with the spot price markets. Then, markets of more complex derived products have appeared to better hedge the risk exposures of power suppliers and consumers. An Affine Jump Diffusion (AJD) framework is presented here to coherently model the dynamics of the spot price of electricity and all the futures contracts. The non-storability of electricity makes it indeed impossible to use it in hedging strategies. Futures contracts, however, are standard financial contracts that can be stored and used in hedging strategies. We thus propose to consider the set of futures contracts as the primary commodities to be modelled and jointly estimate the parameters of the spot and futures prices based on their historical time series. The estimation is done by Maximum Likelihood, using a Kalman Filter recursive algorithm that has been updated to account for non-Gaussian errors. This procedure has been applied to the German European Energy index (EEX) based in Frankfurt for electricity, to the Brent for Crude oil, and to the NBP for natural gas. The AJD framework is very powerful because the characteristic function of the underlying stochastic variables can be obtained just by solving a system of complex valued ODEs. We took advantage of this feature and developed a novel approach to estimate expectations of arbitrary functions of random variables that does not require the probability density function of the stochastic variables, but instead, their characteristic function. This approach, relying on the Parseval Identity, provided closed form solutions for options with payoff functions that have an analytical Fourier transform. In particular, European calls, puts and spread options could be computed as well as the value of multi-fuel power plants that can be viewed as an option to exchange the most economic fuel of the moment against electricity. A numerical procedure has also been developed for options with payoff functions that do not have an analytical Fourier transform. This numerical approach is indeed using a Fast Fourier Transform of the payoff function, and can be used in Dynamic Programming algorithms to price contracts with endogenous exercise strategies. Finally, it is showed that the (mathematical) partial derivatives of these contracts, often referred to as the Greeks, could also be computed at low cost. This allows to build hedging strategies to shape the risk profile of a given producer, or consumer.
Stochastic Volatility Option Pricing

Abstract This paper examines alternative methods for pricing options when the underlying security volatility is stochastic. We show that when there is no correlation between innovations in security price and volatility, the characteristic function of the average variance of the price process plays a pivotal role. It may be used to simplify Fourier option pricing techniques and to implement simple power series methods. We compare these methods for the alternative mean-reverting stochastic volatility models introduced by Stein and Stein (1991) and Heston (1993). We also examine the biases in the Black-Scholes model that are eliminated by allowing for stochastic volatility, and we correct some errors in the Stein and Stein (1991) analysis of this issue.
Forward Guidance and Financial Stability in a Model of Optimal Central Bank Swap Lines

The main goal of this study is to develop a dynamic equilibrium model of central bank swap lines that helps understand the recent observed behaviors of foreign reserves and to analyze the potential effect of the Federal Reserves’ foreign exchange swap lines on the determination of international reserves and exchange rates. The model focuses on the issue of moral hazard that can arise with the liquidity provision of the Federal Reserve through its swap lines with other central banks. This study argues that a standard debt contract under asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers may not work to model actual swap lines between the Federal Reserve and foreign central banks because lenders tend to accept credit risks in debt contract models. This study shows that debt contracts between the Federal Reserve and foreign central banks are inferior to swap contracts in the presence of the informational advantage of foreign central banks for local financial institutions in their jurisdictions. Although the proposed model is primarily intended to understand the contractual relation between the Federal Reserve and foreign central banks, it can also serve as a determination model for the nominal exchange rate. A policy implication of this model is that short-run and longrun channels are available through which the expectation formation of agents is affected by the behavior of international reserves and the credible long-term stance of the monetary policy.
Gain enhanced H-plane gap SIW horn antenna with phase correction

The electromagnetic field phase distribution in horns' apertures is affected by the horn flaring and is usually not uniform, resulting in a lower antenna gain. This paper presents an H-plane SIW horn antenna with the aperture phase corrected by some gaps on the H-plane metallic walls, to enhance the antenna gain. To achieve a better radiation and impedance matching, some planar tapered-ladder transitions are printed just after the horn aperture. Simulations in HFSS software, including a probe excitation, have shown good phase correction and hence increased gain, while also providing good impedance matching. The designed compact Ka-band antenna achieves an enhanced gain of 10.1 dBi at 34 GHz, and an impedance bandwidth of 4.33 GHz.