Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of ER alpha and GAD colocalization in the hippocampus of the adult female rat.

Despite the many effects of estrogen in the hippocampus, there has been little evidence that hippocampal principal cells express nuclear estrogen receptors. In the hippocampus, the alpha form of the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER alpha) has been localized to sparsely distributed cells with the morphological characteristics of inhibitory interneurons. Because inhibitory neurons may be involved in the effects of estrogen on hippocampal principal cells, quantitative description of ER alpha expression in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic (inhibitory) and non-GABAergic cells of the hippocampus is a key step in understanding the mechanism(s) of estrogen action on hippocampal circuitry. We used single and double-label immunohistochemistry for ER alpha and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; a marker of GABAergic neurons) to determine the numbers and distributions of hippocampal GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons that express ER alpha in the adult female rat. We found many more ER alpha-expressing cells in the hippocampus than any previous study and observed distinct dorsal vs. ventral differences in hippocampal ER alpha expression. In the dorsal hippocampus, most ER alpha-positive cells were also GAD positive; however, ER alpha was expressed in only a subset of GAD-positive cells. Double-labeled cells were concentrated at the border between str. radiatum and str. lacunosum-moleculare. In the ventral hippocampus, we found a very high number of ER alpha-positive cells, the majority of which were not immunoreactive for GAD and are likely to be pyramidal cells. These findings suggest that ER alpha can mediate the effects of estrogen primarily in GABAergic neurons in the dorsal hippocampus and in both GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons in the ventral hippocampus.
Approaches and limitations to the prediction of energy requirements in wild animal husbandry and veterinary care

There are circumstances when estimates of food or energy requirements are an important component of the successful husbandry and veterinary care of wild animals (Kirkwood, 1991). However, for most of the 20 000 species of terrestrial vertebrates, these requirements have not been measured at any stage of their life-cycles. It is, therefore, necessary to make predictions based on findings in other species. There is a large literature which examines variation in rates of energy expenditure, particularly at basal or near to basal level, within and between species. Much of this is concerned with functional or adaptive explanations for the observed variation and its allometric relationship with body mass. However, allometric equations summarizing interspecies variation also offer a means for making predictions and have been used for this in a variety of contexts. In the present paper, the issue of how energy requirements, particularly for maintenance in captivity, can be predicted for individuals of one species on the basis of patterns of variation between other species will be addressed and some of the caveats and limitations in this process will be examined. Although the subject of the present paper is energy requirements, the points addressed are of general relevance in the use of allometric equations for prediction.
DEESR: Dynamic Energy Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Urban Environments

Abstract —The interconnection of mobile devices in urban environments can open up a lot of vistas for collaboration and content-based services. This will require setting up of a network in an urban environment which not only provides the necessary services to the user but also ensures that the network is secure and energy efficient. In this paper, we propose a secure, energy efficient dynamic routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks in urban environments. A decision is made by every node based on various parameters like longevity, distance, battery power which measure the node and link quality to decide the next hop in the route. This ensures that the total load is distributed evenly while conserving the energy of battery-constrained nodes. The protocol also maintains a trusted population for each node through Dynamic Trust Factor (DTF) which ensures secure communication in the environment by gradually isolating the malicious nodes. The results obtained show that the proposed protocol when compared with another energy efficient protocol (MMBCR) and a widely accepted protocol (DSR) gives far better results in terms of energy efficiency. Similarly, it also outdoes a secure protocol (QDV) when it comes to detecting malicious nodes in the network.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2015, Nanchang, China)

Acute non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies in China and worldwide. In 2009, we published the “Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding” for the patients in China; however, during the past years numerous studies on the diagnosis and treatment of ANVUGIB have been conducted, and the management of ANVUGIB needs to be updated. The guidelines were updated after the databases including PubMed, Embase and CNKI were searched to retrieve the clinical trials on the management of ANVUGIB. The clinical trials were evaluated for high‐quality evidence, and the advances in definitions, diagnosis, etiology, severity evaluation, treatment and prognosis of ANVUGIB were carefully reviewed, the recommendations were then proposed. After several rounds of discussions and revisions among the national experts of digestive endoscopy, gastroenterology, radiology and intensive care, the 2015 version of “Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding” was successfully developed by the Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine, National Medical Journal of China, Chinese Journal of Digestion and Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy. It shall be noted that although much progress has been made, the clinical management of ANVUGIB still needs further improvement and refinement, and high‐quality randomized trials are required in the future.
An Investigation of Consumer Evaluation of Brand Extensions

This paper deals with the effects of perceived quality, perceived fit and perceived difficulty, and interaction between perceived quality and fit on consumer evaluations of brand extension. We used multi-item scales to measure these constructs. Data were analysed via structural equation models. Results show that both perceived quality and perceived fit have direct positive effects on consumer evaluation of extensions. We find support for the chance of transferring the positive values of a brand to an extension is greater when consumers see the extension as a good fit with the original brand and the original brand is considered as of high quality.
Lipid Profiles and trans Fatty Acids in Serum Phospholipids of Semi-nomadic Fulani in Northern Nigeria

The Fulani are semi-nomadic pastoralists of West Africa whose diet, culture, and economy are centred on cattle. Previous studies have shown that the Fulani of northern Nigeria derive 50% of their total calories from fat and 30% of their calories from milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter oil that contain significant amounts of trans fatty acids (TFAs), primarily vaccenic acid, which raise total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). The study was conducted to know how the consumption of relatively large amounts of dairy products by adult Fulani affected the TFA content of their serum phospholipids. Blood samples were collected from 22 male and 29 female Fulani, aged 35–60 years, who were living in rural areas of Gombe state in northeastern Nigeria. The total serum phospholipid fraction was isolated, and its fatty acid composition was determined. Surprisingly, vaccenic acid was not detected, and three other TFAs—18:1-t6, 18:1-t9, and 18:2-t9, t12—together accounted for only 0.16% of the total fatty acid. The mean serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations of the subjects were within the normal range for populations in developed countries; however, at 32 mg/dL, the mean serum HDL-C concentration of the Fulani males was slightly below the lower limit of the reference range. No correlations were observed between the total TFA percentage or that of the three individual TFAs and any of the parameters of the serum lipid profile. These findings indicate that, with respect to TFAs at least, the fatty acid pattern of the serum phospholipids of Fulani pastoralists does not reflect the high TFA content of their traditional diet. Despite the consumption of rumenic acid-rich dairy products, for unknown reasons, the semi-nomadic Fulani manage to maintain a low level of TFAs in their blood and a relatively healthful serum lipid profile. While the mechanism that accounts for this disconnect between the consumption of TFAs by Fulani pastoralists and the proportion of TFAs in their serum phospholipids is obscure, possibilities include discrimination against rumenic acid during the process of triglyceride synthesis and chylomicron synthesis in the intestine and the preferential oxidation of TFAs by Fulani the people compared to other ethnic groups.
Statistical Techniques for Natural Language Parsing

I review current statistical work on syntactic parsing and then consider part-of-speech tagging, which was the first syntactic problem to successfully be attacked by statistical techniques and also serves as a good warm-up for the main topic-statistical parsing. Here, I consider both the simplified case in which the input string is viewed as a string of parts of speech and the more interesting case in which the parser is guided by statistical information about the particular words in the sentence. Finally, I anticipate future research directions.
Liberal arts catch-up revisited

Abstract This paper replicates the work of Giles and Drewes from the 1990s.They showed a catch-up effect whereby graduates of liberal arts undergraduate programs, although at an early-career disadvantage compared with graduates of applied programs, had higher incomes by mid-career. Working with the Panel 5 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2005–2010), the catch-up no longer exists. Resume Cet article reproduit le travail de Giles et Drewes effectue pendant les annees 1990. Ces chercheurs avaient revele un effet de rattrapage grâce auquel les diplomes de programmes d’etudes en arts liberaux, malgre un desavantage en debut de carriere par rapport aux diplomes de programmes d’etudes appliquees, finissaient par avoir des revenus plus eleves vers le milieu de leurs carrieres. Selon les donnees de l’echantillon 5 de l’Enquete sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu (2005-2010), ce rattrapage n’existe plus.
The Subordination of the Feminine? Developing a Critical Feminist Approach to the Psychoanalysis of Organizations

This paper investigates the intersections between psychoanalysis and feminist thinking as they may be applied to organization studies by problematizing sexual difference. By critically engaging with the influence of (primarily Lacanian) psychoanalysis, I explore feminist psychoanalytic approaches with their close attention to patriarchy and phallocentrism. More specifically, I engage with the work of Luce Irigaray, whose influential role in French feminist philosophy has occupied what could be termed a difficult or sacrificial position in Lacanian psychoanalysis. I argue that the focus of psychoanalysis on the Phallus as a primary signifier may be fruitfully problematized through a feminist lens (Grosz, 1990), conceived here through Irigaray, and that its usefulness for organizational analysis depends on an ability to recognize, invite and attend to its gendered core. It is argued that Irigaray brings fruitful resources to this debate. Irigaray is concerned with the significant political and ethical dilemmas resulting from the systematic suppression of femininity and this is why her work is significant for a better understanding of gender relations in organizations relating to the exclusion of women, and for new spaces of symbolization and representation. My discussion reveals that, by scrutinizing sexual differences that constitute the subject, one is able to unearth implications for the study of organizations.
VCP Is an Integral Component of a Novel Feedback Mechanism that Controls Intracellular Localization of Catalase and H2O2 Levels

Catalase is a key antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen, and it appears to shuttle between the cytoplasm and peroxisome via unknown mechanisms. Valosin-containing protein (VCP) belongs to the AAA class of ATPases and is involved in diverse cellular functions, e.g. cell cycle and protein degradation, etc. Here we show that VCP and PEX19, a protein essential for peroxisome biogenesis, interact with each other. Knockdown of either VCP or PEX19 resulted in a predominantly cytoplasmic redistribution of catalase, and loss of VCP ATPase activity also increased its cytoplasmic redistribution. Moreover, VCP knockdown decreased intracellular ROS levels in normal and H2O2-treated cells, and an oxidation-resistant VCP impaired the ROS-induced cytoplasmic redistribution of catalase. These observations reveal a novel feedback mechanism, in which VCP can sense H2O2 levels, and regulates them by controlling the localization of catalase.
Animation and Model Checking of CSP and B using Prolog Technology

We describe practical experiences of using a logic programming based approach to model and reason about critical systems. We argue that logic programming with co-routining, constraints, and tabling is a good foundation for developing, animating, and model checking new specification languages. We present animators and model checkers currently being developed for two different extensions of CSP and for the B method.
Foster Care and College

Despite an overall increase in college attendance, low-income youth and particularly those in the foster care system are less likely to attend college (Wolanin, 2005). Although youth in foster care report high educational aspirations, as little as 4% obtain a 4-year college degree (Nixon & Jones, 2007). The purpose of this study is to explore differences in educational aspirations and expectations among foster care and nonfoster care youth and to explore key predictors of these differences. Using baseline data generated from Kansas Kids @ GEAR UP (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs), 1,377 youth were surveyed in regard to their future educational goals, academic self-perception, and level of social support. Results demonstrated that youth from the foster care system report lower educational aspirations and expectations, of which academic self-perception and parental support for education were the best predictors. Limitations and implications for future research will be discussed.
Preliminary steps towards a more preventative approach to eliminating violence against women in Europe

This article discusses findings from a project funded by the European Commission’s DAPHNE III programme that sought to enhance the provision of relationship education and domestic abuse prevention in European schools and other educational facilities: the REaDAPt (Relationship Education and Domestic Abuse Prevention tuition) project. It summarizes what is known about effective prevention from the research literature before explaining what the REaDAPt project revealed about changing attitudes, about implementing and evaluating domestic abuse prevention programmes in educational settings, and about being responsive to young people’s perspectives in the delivery of interventions. The article concludes by highlighting the iterative nature of the research needed to help develop relationship education and domestic abuse prevention tuition on a Europe-wide scale.
The human silent information regulator (Sir)2 homologue hSIRT3 is a mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase

The yeast silent information regulator (Sir)2 protein links cellular metabolism and transcriptional silencing through its nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase activity. We report that mitochondria from mammalian cells contain intrinsic NAD-dependent deacetylase activity. This activity is inhibited by the NAD hydrolysis product nicotinamide, but not by trichostatin A, consistent with a class III deacetylase. We identify this deacetylase as the nuclear-encoded human Sir2 homologue hSIRT3, and show that hSIRT3 is located within the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial import of hSIRT3 is dependent on an NH2-terminal amphipathic α-helix rich in basic residues. hSIRT3 is proteolytically processed in the mitochondrial matrix to a 28-kD product. This processing can be reconstituted in vitro with recombinant mitochondrial matrix processing peptidase (MPP) and is inhibited by mutation of arginines 99 and 100. The unprocessed form of hSIRT3 is enzymatically inactive and becomes fully activated in vitro after cleavage by MPP. These observations demonstrate the existence of a latent class III deacetylase that becomes catalytically activated upon import into the human mitochondria.
Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation.

Seven male subjects performed repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise, on a cycle ergometer, before and after 6 d of creatine supplementation (20 g Cr H2O day-1). The exercise protocol consisted of five 6-s exercise periods performed at a fixed exercise intensity, interspersed with 30-s recovery periods (Part I), followed (40 s later) by one 10 s exercise period (Part II) where the ability to maintain power output was evaluated. Muscle biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis at rest, and immediately after (i) the fifth 6 s exercise period in Part I and (ii) the 10 s exercise period in Part II. In addition, a series of counter movement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps were performed before and after the administration period. As a result of the creatine supplementation, total muscle creatine [creatine (Cr) + phosphocreatine (PCr)] concentration at rest increased from (mean +/- SEM) 128.7 (4.3) to 151.5 (5.5) mmol kg-1 dry wt (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by a 1.1 (0.5) kg increase in body mass (P < 0.05). After the fifth exercise bout in Part I of the exercise protocol, PCr concentration was higher [69.7 (2.3) vs. 45.6 (7.5) mmol kg-1 dry wt, P < 0.05], and muscle lactate was lower [26.2 (5.5) vs. 44.3 (9.9) mmol kg-1 dry wt, P < 0.05] after vs. before supplementation. In Part II, after creatinine supplementation, subjects were better able to maintain power output during the 10-s exercise period (P < 0.05). There was no change in jump performance as a result of the creatine supplementation (P > 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?

Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
Global Climate Change and the Resurgence of Tropical Disease: An Economic Approach

We study the impact of global climate change on the prevalence of tropical diseases using a heterogeneous agent dynamic general equilibrium model. In our framework, households can take actions (e.g., purchasing bednets or other goods) that provide partial protection from disease. However, these actions are costly and households face borrowing constraints. Parameterizing the model, we explore the impact of a worldwide temperature increase of 3°C. We find that the impact on disease prevalence and especially output should be modest and can be mitigated by improvements in protection efficacy.
Developmental pathways in underachievement

Abstract Insufficient research attention has been focused on the development of academic under-achievement and motivational beliefs. A longitudinal, person-centered approach was used to identify latent subgroups of growth in the joint development of teacher-reported underachievement and four motivational beliefs (self-concept, task importance, psychological cost value, and self-worth) from first through sixth grade. Two types of underachievement emerged: Sustained and Growing Underachievement. An Achievement class was also consistently found. Sustained underachievement was not associated with declining self-concept or task importance, but was related to moderately lower psychological cost value, self-worth, and middle school achievement. Growing underachievement was associated with relatively lower levels of self-concept and task importance that declined over time, similar to the achievement patterns. Class membership did not differ by gifted status. Gender effects emerged for the Task Importance and Self-Worth models in the hypothesized direction, but were not robust. These findings highlight heterogeneity in the development of academic underachievement.
OBJECT TRACKING AND POSITIONING ON VIDEO IMAGES

This study presents an application of digital video camera for object tracking and positioning. The main purpose of the study is to automatically trace and position a motionless object on the video images that are recorded on a moving vehicle. Because of the change of the focal length of camera and the movement of the vehicle, the appearance of a motionless object on the video images firstly will gradually change its shape and completely lose its trace after a period of time. The variation of the shape apparently will bring about the complexity for developing the automated algorithm to trace and position object on the video image. In this study, we develop a shape-based tracking technique to implement the tracking task. The technique uses the shape matrix algorithm (SMA) that has scale and rotation invariant characteristics to calculate the similarity of variant shapes between adjacent video frames. After the object is traced in every video frame, the photogrammetric collinearity condition equations are used to transform the object from the image coordinates to the ground coordinates. An experiment is performed to trace a motionless ship in the open sea. The result shows that the proposed method can successfully trace and position the ship even the ship had become entirely out of shape on the video images.