Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trafficking of Kv2.1 Channels to the Axon Initial Segment by a Novel Nonconventional Secretory Pathway

Kv2.1 is a major delayed-rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel widely expressed in neurons of the CNS. Kv2.1 localizes in high-density cell-surface clusters in the soma and proximal dendrites as well as in the axon initial segment (AIS). Given the crucial roles of both of these compartments in integrating signal input and then generating output, this localization of Kv2.1 is ideal for regulating the overall excitability of neurons. Here we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching imaging, mutagenesis, and pharmacological interventions to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control the localization of Kv2.1 in these two different membrane compartments in cultured rat hippocampal neurons of mixed sex. Our data uncover a unique ability of Kv2.1 channels to use two molecularly distinct trafficking pathways to accomplish this. Somatodendritic Kv2.1 channels are targeted by the conventional secretory pathway, whereas axonal Kv2.1 channels are targeted by a nonconventional trafficking pathway independent of the Golgi apparatus. We further identified a new AIS trafficking motif in the C-terminus of Kv2.1, and show that putative phosphorylation sites in this region are critical for the restricted and clustered localization in the AIS. These results indicate that neurons can regulate the expression and clustering of Kv2.1 in different membrane domains independently by using two distinct localization mechanisms, which would allow neurons to precisely control local membrane excitability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study uncovered a novel mechanism that targets the Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel to two distinct trafficking pathways and two distinct subcellular destinations: the somatodendritic plasma membrane and that of the axon initial segment. We also identified a distinct motif, including putative phosphorylation sites, that is important for the AIS localization. This raises the possibility that the destination of a channel protein can be dynamically regulated via changes in post-translational modification, which would impact the excitability of specific membrane compartments.
Identification of time-frequency EEG features modulated by force direction in arm isometric exertions

Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity associated with human motor tasks has been studied in time domain and time-frequency representations. Various classification and decoding techniques have been used to extract movement or motor task parameters from EEG such as direction of an isometrically exerted force. Identification of time and time-frequency regions that contain the highest directional information can considerably enhance the efficiency of decoding and classification algorithms. In this paper we have addressed this issue for directional arm isometric exertions to 4 different directions in horizontal plane. We have used the non-parametric Permutational ANOVA to identify time-frequency regions capturing the highest level of inter-group variance as a measure of directional information. There are information-rich regions in δ, θ, α, and β bands after corresponding visual cues. Parietal regions show higher directional information during planning compared to execution. The results can be used for pattern classification and decoding of motor parameters in Brain-Computer-Interfacing (BCI) and BCI-rehabilitation.
No association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine D3 receptor gene and schizophrenia in a Spanish sample

This study aims to further evaluate the controversial association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism in codon 9 of the D3 dopamine receptor gene (DRD3) and schizophrenia in psychiatric inpatients acutely hospitalized in two general hospitals in Madrid, Spain. The Ser9Gly polymorphism of the DRD3 was examined in 178 schizophrenic patients, 286 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses, and 132 controls recruited. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. No association was found between schizophrenia and the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the D3 dopamine receptor gene. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Pain

We describe the characteristics which patients with chronic pain ascribe to themselves and present some of the data we have gathered in the areas of demographics, economic and family problems, difficulty in rehabilitation, and the failure of treatment methods such as surgery and medications to provide relief. We compared the responses of men and women and found significant differences in sexual difficulties and pain relief from nerve blocks.
Mycetoma revisited. Incidence of various radiographic signs.

OBJECTIVE To define and quantitate various radiographic signs of mycetoma infection. METHODS A retrospective study of 516 randomly selected patients seen between December 1996 and December 2004 at the Mycetoma Research Centre of Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan. All cases were confirmed by clinical examination, initial pretreatment radiographs, and histopathology. RESULTS The most common abnormalities in these 516 patients were soft tissue swelling (93%), bone sclerosis (56%), bone cavities (32%), and periosteal reaction (27%). The incidence of bone expansion (22%), extrinsic cortical scalloping (22%), and fanning of the rays in 10% were reported. Osteoporosis was seen in 19%. Only 3% of the patients had normal radiographs. CONCLUSION Maximal scrutiny of radiographs alone by experienced radiologists is vital, as other imaging techniques are not available where mycetoma is prevalent.
"Hidden" Features of Academic Paper Writing

This paper describes the development of a set of working concepts to enable students and their professors to address issues involved in the writing of academic papers. It draws upon recent theoretical turns in the fields of Writing in the Disciplines (WiD), Genre Studies and Academic Literacies, and considers whether and how such theory can be adapted to practice. Whereas dominant models of student writing (ESP; ESL) have tended to emphasise formulaic lists of things to be covered, usually in terms of the structure of the essay (e.g., introduction; theory; methods; data), this approach focuses on the more hidden features that are called upon in judgments of academic writing that often remain implicit. The paper describes how, during a literacy course at GSE, a table of terms was drawn up for making explicit the criteria used for assessing and reviewing academic papers. In the first instance this framework was applied to the chapters of an edited book, with particular respect to the opening sections, using a typology of “vignettes, personal, declarative. ” The terms in the hidden features table as a whole were then used to review drafts of students’ assignments for the course. The paper concludes with some student responses, and the implications for wider applications in support of academic writing are considered.
Tumor‐associated fibroblasts recruit blood monocytes into tumor tissue

Tumor‐associated fibroblasts (TAF) and tumor‐associated macrophages are the main stromal components in desmoplastic breast tumors. These host cell types were extensively studied individually with regard to tumor development and progression but little is known about their reciprocal interactions. To elucidate the role of TAF in the recruitment of monocytes (MO) we designed a 3D co‐culturesystem of multicellular fibroblast spheroids of different origin, co‐cultured with MO suspensions from healthy donors. Spheroids of tumor‐derived but not of normal fibroblasts were extensively infiltrated by MO. A linear correlation between number of infiltrated MO and number of MO applied per spheroid was shown, indicating a distinct migratory MO subpopulation (≈15%) within the peripheral blood MO pool. Our data imply that MO migration into fibroblastic tumor areas may partially result from high expression of CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1), which was regulated by endogenousIL‐6 as shown by neutralization experiments. The effect of CCL2 on MO migration was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibody in tumor‐derived fibroblast conditioned media in a Boyden chamber migration assay but not in spheroid culture. While this phenomenon needs further evaluation, our data clearly support the concept of fibroblasts as "sentinel cells" relevant for tumor progression.
Protectome Analysis: A New Selective Bioinformatics Tool for Bacterial Vaccine Candidate Discovery

New generation vaccines are in demand to include only the key antigens sufficient to confer protective immunity among the plethora of pathogen molecules. In the last decade, large-scale genomics-based technologies have emerged. Among them, the Reverse Vaccinology approach was successfully applied to the development of an innovative vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, now available on the market with the commercial name BEXSERO® (Novartis Vaccines). The limiting step of such approaches is the number of antigens to be tested in in vivo models. Several laboratories have been trying to refine the original approach in order to get to the identification of the relevant antigens straight from the genome. Here we report a new bioinformatics tool that moves a first step in this direction. The tool has been developed by identifying structural/functional features recurring in known bacterial protective antigens, the so called “Protectome space,” and using such “protective signatures” for protective antigen discovery. In particular, we applied this new approach to Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus and we show that not only already known protective antigens were re-discovered, but also two new protective antigens were identified.
Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic plaques recruits inflammatory cells through interaction with Mac‐1 integrin

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], consisting of LDL and the unique constituent apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which contains multiple repeats resembling plasminogen kringle 4, is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms for the atherogenicity of Lp(a) are not completely understood. Here, we define a novel function of Lp(a) in promoting inflammatory cell recruitment that may contribute to its atherogenicity. Through its apo(a) moiety Lp(a) specifically interacts with the ? 2‐integrin Mac‐1, thereby promoting the adhesion of monocytes and their transendothelial migration in a Mac‐1‐dependent manner. Interestingly, the interaction between Mac‐1 and Lp(a) was strengthened in the presence of proatherogenic homocysteine and was blocked by plasminogen/angiostatin kringle 4. Through its interaction with Mac‐1, Lp(a) induced activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF? B, as well as the NF? B‐related expression of prothrombotic tissue factor. In atherosclerotic coronary arteries Lp(a) was found to be localized in close proximity to Mac‐1 on infiltrating mononuclear cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Lp(a), via its apo(a) moiety, is a ligand for the ? 2‐integrin Mac‐1, thereby facilitating inflammatory cell recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques. These observations suggest a novel mechanism for the atherogenic properties of Lp(a).
Decomposing the bias in time-series estimates of CAPM betas

ABSTRACT We identify two sources of bias arising from time-series regression used to compute beta. This bias arises due to the classical error in variables problem and a ‘mechanical interaction’ which exists when the index comprises the asset of interest. Assuming that the market is proxied by a fixed-weight index, we demonstrate that the relative weighting of an asset within the index, and/or the magnitude of its idiosyncratic risk, directly biases the beta estimate for the individual stock and also for all stocks within the index. Via simulations, we show that the problem is most pronounced for markets with a small number of highly concentrated assets. Finally, we propose a procedure to reduce this bias and apply the methods to equity data.
Asset Prices in Production Economies with an Endogenous Extensive Margin

In economies that exhibit love-for-variety either in preferences or technology, the official consumer price index differs from the welfare-based price aggregator. This wedge implies that the stochastic discount factor should be adjusted to account for changes in the range of goods. This paper shows that a real business cycle model with endogenous entry fits aggregate quantities while featuring a higher risk premium when changes in growth variety are properly accounted. Moreover, adding the growth rate of establishments, as a proxy for growth variety, helps the standard consumption-based model to deliver lower pricing errors for the cross-section of stock returns.
Modeling and Verification of Melanin Concentration on Human Skin Type

Lasers are used in the minimalistic or noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. Less laser light reaches the deeper skin layers in dark skin types, due to its higher epidermal melanin concentration compared with lighter skin. Laser–tissue interaction modeling software can correct for this by adapting the dose applied to the skin. This necessitates an easy and reliable method to determine the skin’s type. Noninvasive measurement of the skin’s melanin content is the best method. However, access to samples of all skin types is often limited and skin‐like phantoms are used instead. This study’s objective is to compare experimentally measured absorption features of liquid skin‐like phantoms representing Skin Types I–VI with a realistic skin computational model component of ASAP®. Sample UV–VIS transmittance spectra were measured from 370 to 900 nm and compared with simulated results from ASAP® using the same optical parameters. Results indicated nonmonotonic absorption features towards shorter wavelengths, which may allow for more accurate ways of determining melanin concentration and expected absorption through the epidermal layer. This suggests possible use in representing optical characteristics of real skin. However, a more comprehensive model and phantoms are necessary to account for the effects of sun exposure.
Head-Related Impulse Response Interpolation in Virtual Sound System

In order to obtain some head-related impulse responses (HRIRs) not measured in virtual sound system, a real-time interpolation method based on the minimum-phase reconstruction is proposed in this article. The method is composed of three steps: firstly, the original HRIRs are preprocessed and separated into two parts: a minimum-phase reconstruction version and the corresponding inter-aural time difference (ITD); secondly, each part is interpolated by using the simple linear interpolation; finally, the interpolated HRIR is obtained from the above two parts. The simulation experiments show that compared with two typical real-time interpolations algorithms used in the virtual sound system, the proposed method decreases the interpolation error and reduces the computational complexity.
Field Experiments on MIMO Multiplexing with Peak Frequency Efficiency of 50 Bit/Second/Hz Using MLD Based Signal Detection for OFDM High-Speed Packet Access

This paper presents indoor and field experimental results on extremely high-speed packet transmissions of 4.92 Gbps in a 100 -MHz channel bandwidth, i.e., the frequency efficiency of approximately 50 bit/second/Hz, in the downlink OFDM radio access. The required received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) is less than 30dB, which is almost the upper limit in cellular environments near a cell site even with a light channel load, with the aim of application to future universal broadband packet radio access. We apply 12-by-12 MIMO multiplexing using the maximum likelihood detection employing QR decomposition and the M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) with adaptive selection of the surviving symbol replica candidates (ASESS),64QAM data modulation, and Turbo coding with the coding rate of R = 8/9 to achieve an extremely high frequency efficiency level. In the field experiments conducted in the Yokosuka Research Park (YRP) district of Yokosuka city, we show that the measured throughput of 4.92 Gbps is achieved at the average received SNR per receiver antenna of approximately 28.0 and 28.5 dB when the respective receiver antenna separation is 40 cm (6.2lambda) and 10 cm (1.5lambda) and the transmitter antenna separation is 70 cm (10.9lambda) at the average speed of 10 km/h under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions.
DNA binding of heat shock factor to the heat shock element is insufficient for transcriptional activation in murine erythroleukemia cells

The heat shock response is among the most highly conserved examples of regulated gene expression, being present in all cellular organisms. Transcriptional activation of heat shock genes by increased temperature or other cellular stresses is mediated by the binding of a heat shock factor (HSF) to a conserved nucleotide sequence (the heat shock element) present in the promoter of heat-inducible genes. Despite the high degree of conservation of this response, embryonic stages of development are characterized by the absence of a heat shock response. Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells also lack this response, and we report here a detailed characterization of this defect for one of the most highly conserved of these genes, hsp70. Surprisingly, heat-induced transcriptional activation of this gene does not occur, despite the induction of a protein with the binding specificity of murine HSF. However, the MEL HSF differs slightly in apparent size from the HSF in 3T3 cells, which exhibit a normal heat shock response. These data suggest that activation of mammalian HSF by heat requires at least two separate steps: an alteration of binding activity followed by further modification that activates transcription. MEL cells do not respond to heat shock because they lack the ability to perform this secondary modification. These cells provide a useful system for characterizing heat shock activation in mammals.
Surface Modification of  \({\boldsymbol {\alpha }}-\) Fe2O3 Nanoparticles to Develop as Intrinsic Photoluminescent Probe and Unprecedented Photocatalyst

Herein, we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic multicolor fluorescence in α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) from blue, cyan, to green, upon functionalization and further surface modification with a small organic ligand, Na-tartrate. Furthermore, we have found an excellent photocatalytic property of the functionalized α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs in the decoloration of a model water contaminant. Detailed characterization of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs before and after functionalization were carried out by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Proper investigation through UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence study along with theoretical support from literature reveals that ligand-to-metal charge transfer from tartrate ligand to lowest unoccupied energy level of Fe<sup>3+</sup> of the NPs and d-d transitions centered over Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in the NPs play the key role in the generation of multiple fluorescence from the ligand functionalized α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. Vibrating sample magnetometry measurements exhibit magnetic behavior of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs changed considerably after surface modification. We believe that the developed ferromagnetic, multicolor fluorescent α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs would pioneer new opportunities toward diverse applications.
LIPN-UAM at EmoInt-2017:Combination of Lexicon-based features and Sentence-level Vector Representations for Emotion Intensity Determination

This paper presents the combined LIPN-UAM participation in the WASSA 2017 Shared Task on Emotion Intensity. In particular, the paper provides some highlights on the Tweetaneuse system that was presented to the shared task. We combined lexicon-based features with sentence-level vector representations to implement a random forest regressor.
Control of PV battery hybrid system using Cascaded H Bridge converter

The Cascaded H Bridge (CHB) is a superior topology to integrate PV panels into the grid. However, due to the internal uncertainty power supply of renewable sources, it is difficult to arrange the PV CHB inverter to meet the system scheduling requirement. To overcome this limitation, a CHB inverter topology with both PV arrays and energy storage elements is proposed in this paper. In order to simplify the system control complexity, a two-layer hierarchical control is also developed. The lower layer is responsible for system PQ control and distribution among each HB, and the upper layer decides power dispatching and generate power references for each H-bridge (HB). With the proposed approach, a hybrid PV and battery system can be coordinated controlled with only a single power conversion stage. Verification results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed system.
Conceptualizing psychopathology: The importance of developmental profiles

This paper examines critically four habits of social scientists: a reliance on constructs for processes that do not specify the class of agent or the context of action, skepticism toward empirical truths that are inconsistent with political or social goals, a reluctance to use profiles or characteristics that have different weights to classify persons, and an aversion to treating subjects with extreme values as representing special categories. These points are made in the context of the author's research on temperaments in children.
Measurement Properties of the RM‐18: A Modified Version of the Roland‐Morris Disability Scale

Study Design. This investigation had two components: one was an item analysis that examined data obtained at the initial patient assessment, and the second was a validation study that used a pretest‐posttest design. Objectives. The authors' goal, in this study, was to determine whether a shorter version of the Roland‐Morris Questionnaire could be developed with measurement properties equal to or better than the original 24‐item questionnaire. Summary of Background Data. The measurement properties of the Roland‐Morris Questionnaire have been shown to be better than or equal to competing measures. A number of studies have reported modified versions of the Roland‐Morris without providing the measurement properties of the modified tool. Methods. The item analysis investigated endorsement frequency, interitem correlations, item‐corrected item total correlations, and coefficient alpha with various combinations of items deleted. The validation study examined reliability, concurrent validity, and longitudinal validity (sensitivity to change). The analyses included comparisons with the Oswestry and Jan van Breeman Pain Questionnaires. Results. The item analysis suggested than six items could be deleted from the Roland‐Morris Questionnaire. The validation study demonstrated that the shorter version, named the RM‐18, has measurement properties that are equal to those of the longer version. Conclusions. The RM‐18 can be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials or as a tool to aid in decision making concerning individual patients. In either case, its measurement properties are equal to those of the 24‐item Roland‐Morris Questionnaire.