Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Apologies in India - Semantics, Sentiment and Emotion

This paper reports a pilot study related to public apologies in India, with reference to certain keywords found in them. The study is of importance as the choice of lexical items holds importance which goes beyond the surface meaning of the words. The analysis of the lexical items has been done using interlinked digital lexical resources which, in future, can lend this study to computational tasks related to opinion mining, sentiment analysis and document classification. The study attempts an in-depth psycholinguistic analysis of whether the apology conveys a sincerity of intent or is it a mere ritualistic exercise to control and repair damage.
Analysis of gene expression profiling variations induced by hsa-miR-145-5p-overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tu-177

The present study aimed to investigate the variations of the gene network and biological functions induced by hsa-miR-145-5p in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell line Tu-177. A hsa-miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cell model was established, and the gene expression microarray data of miR-145-5p-overexpressed cells and negative control (NC) cells were analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified, and their potential functions were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the targets of miR-145-5p were identified from the DEGs, and their potential functions and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. The mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase β (ACACB), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit a (PPP3CA) and spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK), were analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A total of 1,501 upregulated and 887 downregulated genes were identified in the hsa-miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cells, compared with the NC cells. Of these DEGs, 164 upregulated and 221 downregulated genes were predicted to be targeted by hsa-miR-145-5p. The upregulated target genes were primarily associated with functions of immunity, whereas the downregulated target genes were significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway. In the PPI network consisting of 267 target genes, the upregulated ACACB had the greatest degree and interacted with downregulated genes including PPP3CA and SYK, in addition to upregulated genes, including FGFR1. The mRNA expressions of ACACB and FGFR1were markedly enhanced in miR-145-5p-overexpressed Tu-177 cells, whereas overexpressing miR-145-5p significantly reduced mRNA expression of PPP3CA and SYK. hsa-miR-145-5p may exhibit an anticancer role in LSCC via regulating multiple cell processes, including cell proliferation and invasion, fatty acid metabolism, immunity and p53 signaling pathway. These findings provide novel information for the future investigation of miR-145-5p functions in LSCC.
Vascular Biology and Microcirculation Reduced membrane cholesterol after chronic hypoxia limits Orai1-mediated pulmonary endothelial Ca 2 (cid:2) entry

Reduced membrane cholesterol after chronic hypoxia limits Orai1-mediated pulmonary endothelial Ca 2 (cid:2) entry. Am Physiol Heart Physiol H359–H369, 2018. dysfunction in chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension is characterized by reduced store-operated Ca 2 (cid:2) entry (SOCE) and diminished Ca 2 (cid:2) dependent production of endothelium-derived vasodilators. We re-cently reported that SOCE in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) is tightly regulated by membrane cholesterol and that decreased membrane cholesterol is responsible for impaired SOCE after CH. However, the ion channels involved in cholesterol-sensitive SOCE are unknown. We hypothesized that cholesterol facilitates SOCE in PAECs through the interaction of Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). The role of cholesterol in Orai1-mediated SOCE was initially assessed using CH exposure in rats (4 wk, 380 mmHg) as a physiological stimulus to decrease PAEC cholesterol. The effects of Orai1 inhibition with AnCoA4 on SOCE were examined in isolated PAEC sheets from control and CH rats after cholesterol supplementation, substitution of endogenous cholesterol with epicholesterol (Epichol), or vehicle treatment. Whereas cholesterol restored endothelial SOCE in CH rats, both Epichol and AnCoA4 attenuated SOCE only in normoxic controls. The Orai1 inhibitor had no further effect in cells pretreated with Epichol. Using cultured pulmonary endothelial cells to allow better mechanistic analysis of the molecular components of cholesterol-regulated SOCE, we found that Epichol, AnCoA4, and Orai1 siRNA each inhibited SOCE compared with their respective controls. Epichol had no additional effect after knockdown of Orai1. Furthermore, Epichol substitution signiﬁcantly reduced STIM1-Orai1 interactions as assessed by a proximity ligation assay. We conclude that membrane cholesterol is required for the STIM1-Orai1 interaction necessary to elicit endothelial SOCE. Fur-thermore, reduced PAEC membrane cholesterol after CH limits Orai1-mediated SOCE. contribution of regulate the interaction of Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 required for pulmonary endothelial store-operated Ca 2 (cid:2) entry. The results provide a mechanistic basis for impaired pulmonary endothelial Ca 2 (cid:2) inﬂux after chronic hypoxia that may contribute to pulmonary hypertension. 2 (cid:2) entry (SOCE) in in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Chol facilitates the interaction of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 in response to depletion of intracellular Ca 2 (cid:2) stores, e.g., by receptor (R)-mediated activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphos- phate receptors (IP 3 R), or inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2 (cid:2) ATPase (SERCA). CH inhibits this mechanism by depletion of cell membrane Chol. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; A, agonist; CPA, cyclopiazonic acid.
The what, how much, and when of study strategies: comparing intended versus actual study behaviour

ABSTRACT The study behaviours of students can be assessed from several perspectives, such as what study strategies are used, the total number of hours of study, and the distribution of studying over time. Here, we present the results of a survey study that considered each of these perspectives by asking students to report the what, how much, and when of their study behaviours over the course of a semester. As important, to better understand students’ use of study strategies, we also had students report at the beginning of the semester how they intended to study and their beliefs about the effectiveness of a variety of common strategies. Our results indicate that during the semester, students rely on relatively ineffective strategies and mass their studying the day or two before an exam. However, students intended to begin studying earlier and to use a mix of effective and ineffective study habits. Despite their use of some ineffective strategies, they did have a relatively accurate assessment of which strategies were less versus more effective. Taken together, our results suggest that students have some excellent intentions but may falter because massing study the evening before an exam limits their use of more effective study strategies.
Low genetic diversity of the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1) in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon basin

The Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1) is a Deltaretrovírus that was first isolated in the 1970s, and associated with Adult T-cell Leucemia-Lymphoma (ATLL), and subsequently to Tropical Spastic Paraparesis-Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). The genetic diversity of the virus varies among geographic regions, although its mutation rate is very low (approximately 1% per thousand years) in comparison with other viruses. The present study determined the genetic diversity of HTLV-1 in the metropolitan region of Belém, in northern Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from patients at the UFPA Tropical Medicine Nucleus between January 2010 and December 2013. The DNA was extracted and the PX region of the HTLV was amplified using nested PCR. The positive samples were then digested using the Taq1 enzyme for the identification and differentiation of the HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. The 5’LTR region of the positive HTLV-1 samples were amplified by nested PCR, and then sequenced genetically. The phylogenetic analysis of the samples was based on the maximum likelihood method and the evolutionary profile was analyzed by the Bayesian approach. Overall, 78 samples tested positive for HTLV-1, and 44 were analyzed here. The aA (cosmopolitan-transcontinental) subtype was recorded in all the samples. The following evolutionary rates were recorded for the different subtypes–a: 2.10−3, b: 2.69. 10−2, c: 6.23. 10−2, d: 3.08. 10−2, e: 6. 10−2, f: 1.78. 10−3, g: 2.2. 10−2 mutations per site per year. The positive HTLV-1 samples tested in the present study were characterized by their low genetic diversity and high degree of stability.
Endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression in gene-targeted mice.

Gene-targeted mice are now routinely employed as tools for defining the contribution of different leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules to the leukocyte recruitment and tissue injury associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether gene-targeted mice that are deficient in CD11/CD18, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), or P-selectin exhibit an altered constitutive or induced expression of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin. The gene-targeted mice were all developed in the 129Sv mouse strain and backcrossed into C57Bl/6J mice. The number of backcrosses ranged between 8 (P-selectin) and 10 (CD18 and ICAM-1) generations. The dual-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique was used to quantify E- and P-selectin expression in different vascular beds. In the unstimulated state, E-selectin expression was significantly elevated (relative to wild-type mice) in the stomach, large intestine, and brain of mutants deficient in ICAM-1. In general, constitutive expression of P-selectin did not differ between wild-type, ICAM-1-deficient, and CD11/CD18-deficient mutants. In CD11/CD18-deficient mice, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) administration elicited a more profound upregulation of P-selectin in several vascular beds, compared with wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice. E-selectin expression in brain of TNF-α-stimulated, ICAM-1-deficient, and P-selectin-deficient mice was attenuated compared with wild-type mice. These findings indicate that chronic deficiency of some of the adhesion glycoproteins that mediate leukocyte recruitment alters basal and induced surface expression of other adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.
Relaxation effect of CGP-48506, EMD-57033, and dobutamine in ejecting and isovolumically beating rabbit hearts.

Because it is not known whether ejection influences the negative effect of the Ca2+-sensitizing drugs on ventricular relaxation, we extended our previous analysis of stress-dependent relaxation in isovolumic beats to encompass ejecting beats and evaluated the relationships between both the time of onset of relaxation and the rate of relaxation and wall stress in a broader analysis framework. Furthermore, because the sites of action of the Ca2+-sensitizing drugs CGP-48506 and EMD-57033 may be different, and thus CGP-48506 may have fewer adverse effects on resting muscle length or force, we compared these two drugs to test the hypothesis that CGP-48506 would have less effect than EMD-57033 on relaxation in the isolated buffer-perfused rabbit heart. This analysis of stress-dependent relaxation in both ejecting and isovolumic beats readily differentiates between the negative lusitropic effect of 2 × 10-6 M EMD-57033, the negligible lusitropic effect of 6 × 10-6 M CGP-48506, and the positive lusitropic effect of 1.25 × 10-6 M dobutamine. Furthermore, comparison of the effect of the two Ca2+-sensitizing drugs in ejecting versus isovolumic contractions shows that CGP-48506 affects relaxation differently in ejecting contractions than it does in isovolumic contractions, whereas EMD-57033 affects relaxation similarly in both ejecting and isovolumic contractions.
Convergence and stability of split-step theta methods with variable step-size for stochastic pantograph differential equations

ABSTRACT In this paper, we are interested in numerical methods with variable step-size for stochastic pantograph differential equations (SPDEs). SPDEs are very special stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs) with unbounded memory. The problem of computer memory hold, when the numerical methods with constant step-size are applied to the SPDEs. In this work, we construct split-step theta (SSθ) methods with variable step-size for SPDEs. The boundedness and strong convergence of the numerical methods are investigated under a local Lipschitz condition and a coupled condition on the drift and diffusion coefficients. It is proved that, the SSθ methods with variable step-size for converge strongly to the exact solution. In addition, the strong order 0.5 is given under mild assumptions. The mean-square stability (MS-Stability) of the numerical methods with is given. Finally, some illustrative numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the methods, and how MS-Stability of SSθ methods depends on the parameter theta for both linear and nonlinear models.
Contractile function and low-intensity exercise effects of old dystrophic ( mdx) mice.

Old mdx mice display a severe myopathy almost identical to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. This study examined the contractile properties of old mdxmuscles and investigated any effects of low-intensity exercise. Isometric contractile properties of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were tested in adult (8-10 mo) and old (24 mo, split into sedentary and exercised groups) mdx mice. The EDL and soleus from old mdx mice exhibited decreased absolute twitch and tetanic forces, and the soleus exhibited a >50% decrease in relative forces (13.4 ± 0.4 vs. 6.0 ± 0.9 N/cm2) compared with adult mice. Old mdx muscles also showed longer contraction times and a higher percentage of type I fibers. Normal and mdx mice completed 10 wk of swimming, but mdx mice spent significantly less time swimming than normal animals (7.8 ± 0.4 vs. 15.8 ± 1.1 min, respectively). However, despite their severe dystrophy, mdx muscles responded positively to the low-intensity exercise. Relative tetanic tensions were increased (∼25% and ∼45% for the EDL and soleus, respectively) after the swimming, although absolute forces were unaffected. Thus these results indicate that, even with a dystrophin-deficient myopathy, mdx muscles can still respond to low-intensity exercise. This study shows that the contractile function of muscles of old mdx mice displays many similarities to that of human dystrophic patients and provides further evidence that the use of non-weight-bearing, low-intensity exercises, such as swimming, has no detrimental effect on dystrophic muscle and could be a useful therapeutic aid for sufferers of muscular dystrophy.
The Cognitive and Computational Benefits and Limitations of Clustering for Sensemaking

Paste the appropriate copyright statement here. ACM now supports three different copyright statements: • ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach. • License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license. • Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced in a sans-serif 7 point font. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract The cognitive process of sensemaking refers to acquiring, representing, and organizing information in order to understand that information. The organization component naturally supports the introduction of clusters, an important enabler for grouping objects such that similar objects are placed in the same cluster. This paper explores the benefits and limitations of introducing clusters into systems for exploratory data analysis. We consider these issues for tasks that the system may support, methods for visualizing and interacting with data in the system, and algorithms that are encoded into the system. We discuss the use of clusters in these systems with respect to cognition and computation, and we call out future areas of research in this area.
Abnormal Coupling Between Default Mode Network and Delta and Beta Band Brain Electric Activity in Psychotic Patients

Common-phase synchronization of neuronal oscillations is a mechanism by which distributed brain regions can be integrated into transiently stable networks. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by deficits in functional integration within neuronal networks, this study aimed to explore whether psychotic patients exhibit differences in brain regions involved in integrative mechanisms. We report an electroencephalography (EEG)-informed functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of eyes-open resting-state data collected from patients and healthy controls at two study sites. Global field synchronization (GFS) was chosen as an EEG measure indicating common-phase synchronization across electrodes. Several brain clusters appeared to be coupled to GFS differently in patients and controls. Activation in brain areas belonging to the default mode network was negatively associated to GFS delta (1-3.5 Hz) and positively to GFS beta (13-30 Hz) bands in patients, whereas controls showed an opposite pattern for both GFS frequency bands in those regions; activation in the extrastriate visual cortex was inversely related to GFS alpha1 (8.5-10.5 Hz) band in healthy controls, while patients had a tendency toward a positive relationship. Taken together, the GFS measure might be useful for detecting additional aspects of deficient functional network integration in psychosis.
Efferent projections of excitatory and inhibitory preBötzinger Complex neurons

The preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a compact medullary region essential for generating normal breathing rhythm and pattern, is the kernel of the breathing central pattern generator (CPG). Excitatory preBötC neurons in rats project to major breathing‐related brainstem regions. Here, we provide a brainstem connectivity map in mice for both excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons. Using a genetic strategy to label preBötC neurons, we confirmed extensive projections of preBötC excitatory neurons within the brainstem breathing CPG including the contralateral preBötC, Bötzinger Complex (BötC), ventral respiratory group, nucleus of the solitary tract, parahypoglossal nucleus, parafacial region (RTN/pFRG or alternatively, pFL/pFV), parabrachial and Kölliker‐Füse nuclei, as well as major projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Interestingly, preBötC inhibitory projections paralleled the excitatory projections. Moreover, we examined overlapping projections in the pons in detail and found that they targeted the same neurons. We further explored the direct anatomical link between the preBötC and suprapontine brain regions that may govern emotion and other complex behaviors that can affect or be affected by breathing. Forebrain efferent projections were sparse and restricted to specific nuclei within the thalamus and hypothalamus, with processes rarely observed in cortex, basal ganglia, or other limbic regions, e.g., amygdala or hippocampus. We conclude that the preBötC sends direct, presumably inspiratory‐modulated, excitatory and inhibitory projections in parallel to distinct targets throughout the brain that generate and modulate breathing pattern and/or coordinate breathing with other behaviors, physiology, cognition, or emotional state.
Using mouse and zebrafish models to understand the etiology of developmental defects in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem birth defects disorder that affects every tissue and organ system in the body. Understanding the factors that contribute to the origins, prevalence, and severity of these developmental defects provides the most direct approach for developing screens and potential treatments for individuals with CdLS. Since the majority of cases of CdLS are caused by haploinsufficiency for NIPBL (Nipped‐B‐like, which encodes a cohesin‐associated protein), we have developed mouse and zebrafish models of CdLS by using molecular genetic tools to create Nipbl‐deficient mice and zebrafish (Nipbl+/− mice, zebrafish nipbl morphants). Studies of these vertebrate animal models have yielded novel insights into the developmental etiology and genes/gene pathways that contribute to CdLS‐associated birth defects, particularly defects of the gut, heart, craniofacial structures, nervous system, and limbs. Studies of these mouse and zebrafish CdLS models have helped clarify how deficiency for NIPBL, a protein that associates with cohesin and other transcriptional regulators in the nucleus, affects processes important to the emergence of the structural and physiological birth defects observed in CdLS: NIPBL exerts chromosome position‐specific effects on gene expression; it influences long‐range interactions between different regulatory elements of genes; and it regulates combinatorial and synergistic actions of genes in developing tissues. Our current understanding is that CdLS should be considered as not only a cohesinopathy, but also a “transcriptomopathy,” that is, a disease whose underlying etiology is the global dysregulation of gene expression throughout the organism. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphate‐dependent luminal ATP metabolism regulates transcellular calcium transport in intestinal epithelial cells

Extracellular low phosphate strongly enhances intestinal calcium absorption independently of active vitamin D [1, 25(OH)2D3] signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. To elucidate the phosphate‐dependent regulation of calcium transport, we investigated part of the enteral environment that is involved in 1, 25(OH)2D3‐independent calcium absorption, which responds to dietary phosphate levels in mice that lack intestinal vitamin D receptor (Vdr) activity. Impaired calcium absorption in intestinal Vdr‐null mice was improved by dietary phosphate restriction. Accordingly, calcium transport in cultured intestinal epithelial cells was increased when the apical side was exposed to low phosphate levels (0.5 mM) compared with normal or high phosphate levels (1.0 or 5.0 mM, respectively). Mechanistically, low phosphate increased ATP in the apical side medium and allowed calcium entry into epithelial cells via the P2X7 purinoreceptor, which results in increased calcium transport. We found that luminal ATP was regulated by the release and degradation of ATP at the epithelium, and phosphate restriction increased ATP release from epithelial cells via connexin‐43 hemichannels. Furthermore, ATP degradation by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase‐1 was reduced, which was caused by the reduction of the MAPK cascade. These findings indicate that luminal ATP metabolism regulates transcellular calcium transport in the intestine by an 1, 25(OH)2D3‐independent mechanism in response to dietary phosphate levels. — Uekawa, A. , Yamanaka, H. , Lieben, L. , Kimira, Y. , Uehara, M. , Yamamoto, Y. , Kato, S. , Ito, K. , Carmeliet, G. , Masuyama, R. Phosphate‐dependent luminal ATP metabolism regulates transcellular calcium transport in intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J. 32, 1903–1915 (2018). www.fasebj. org