Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Peakedness and Total Unimodularity: Efficiently Solve Voting Problems Without Even Trying

Many NP-hard winner determination problems admit polynomial-time algorithms when restricting inputs to be single-peaked. Commonly, such algorithms employ dynamic programming along the underlying axis. We introduce a new technique: carefully chosen integer linear programming (IP) formulations for certain voting problems admit an LP relaxation which is totally unimodular if preferences are single-peaked, and which thus admits an integral optimal solution. This technique gives fast algorithms for finding optimal committees under the PAV and Chamberlin-Courant voting rules under single-peaked preferences, as well as for certain OWA-based rules. Under single-crossing preferences, Young scores can also be calculated. An advantage of this technique is that no special-purpose algorithm needs to be used to exploit structure in the input preferences: any standard IP solver will terminate in the first iteration if the input is single-peaked, and will continue to work otherwise.
Hawking radiation of Dirac fields in the (2+1)-dimensional black hole space-time.

By calculating the response function, we study the Hawking radiation of massless Dirac fields in the (2+1)-dimensional black hole geometry. We find that the response function has Planck distributions, with the temperature that agrees with the previous results obtained for the scalar field cases. We also find the Green's functions in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein static universe and anti de-Sitter space.
SELECT: Self-Learning Collision Avoidance for Wireless Networks

The limited number of orthogonal channels and autonomous installations of hot spots and home wireless networks often leave neighboring 802.11 basic service sets (BSSs) operating on the same or overlapping channels, therefore interfering with each other. However, the 802.11 medium access control (MAC) does not work well in resolving inter-BSS interference due to the well-known hidden/exposed-receiver problem, which has been haunting the research community for more than a decade. In this paper, we propose SELECT, an effective and efficient self-learning collision avoidance strategy to address the hidden/exposed-receiver problem in 802.11 wireless networks. SELECT is based on the observation that carrier sense with received signal strength (RSS) measurements at the sender and the receiver can be strongly correlated. A SELECT-enabled sender exploits such correlation using an automated online learning algorithm and makes an informed judgment of the channel availability at the intended receiver. SELECT achieves collision avoidance at packet-level time granularity, involves zero communication overhead, and easily integrates with the 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). Our evaluation in analysis, simulations, and prototype experiments show that SELECT addresses the hidden/exposed-receiver problem well. In typical hidden/exposed-receiver scenarios, SELECT improves the throughput by up to 140 percent and the channel access success ratio by up to 302 percent while almost completely eliminating contention-induced data packet drops.
Linking organisational citizenship behaviour with organisational effectiveness

Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) refers to a general set of behaviours exhibited by employees that are helpful, discretionary, and beyond normal job requirements. Researchers have suggested that high levels of OCB may lead to organisational effectiveness. OCB constructs may generally be organised into seven common themes or dimensions, namely helping behaviour, sportsmanship, organisational loyalty, organisational compliance, individual initiative, civic virtue, and self-development. There are several ways in which OCB may increase organisational performance. Among others, this includes enhancing coworker and managerial productivity, freeing up resources for more productive purpose, devoting less resources to purely maintenance functions, helping to coordinate the activities both within and across work groups, strengthening the organisation's ability to attract and retain the best employees, increasing the stability of the organisation's performance, and enabling the organisation to more effectively adapt to environmental changes.Empirical evidence has shown that OCB positively enhances organisational and group performance.
HIBE with Polynomially Many Levels

We present the first hierarchical identity based encryption (HIBE) system that has full security for more than a constant number of levels. In all prior HIBE systems in the literature, the security reductions suffered from exponential degradation in the depth of the hierarchy, so these systems were only proven fully secure for identity hierarchies of constant depth. (For deep hierarchies, previous work could only prove the weaker notion of selective-ID security.) In contrast, we offer a tight proof of security, regardless of the number of levels; hence our system is secure for polynomially many levels. Our result can very roughly be viewed as an application of Boyen’s framework for constructing HIBE systems from exponent-inversion IBE systems to a (dramatically souped-up) version of Gentry’s IBE system, which has a tight reduction. In more detail, we first describe a generic transformation from “identity based broadcast encryption with key randomization” (KR-IBBE) to a HIBE, and then construct KR-IBBE by modifying a recent construction of IBBE of Gentry and Waters, which is itself an extension of Gentry’s IBE system. Our hardness assumption is similar to that underlying Gentry’s IBE system.
Essays in labor economics

The welfare reforms of 1996 were designed to encourage single mothers to become self-sufficient through employment. Yet, these women often end up in unstable, lowpaying jobs. In this paper, I quantify the importance of (1) the returns to tenure and experience, (2) job mobility, and (3) job exit in leading to these employment outcomes. I estimate a model of full-time work, part-time work, and welfare use. To allow differences in wage growth between recipients and non-recipients, I incorporate heterogeneity in job offer arrival rates, the returns to experience and tenure, and the rate of job destruction. I show that, for welfare recipients, tenure is a more important source of wage growth than work experience. Thus, policies encouraging lengthy employment spells could encourage wage growth. Policy experiments indicate that a work requirement on welfare receipt encourages longer employment spells and four times as much wage growth for women between the ages of 18 and 33 as a five-year lifetime welfare receipt time limit.
How do Debt Constraints Affect Fiscal and Monetary Policies Interaction in a Strategic Monetary Union

In this paper a mu lti-country model is adopted in order to analyze the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy in a monetary union. The setup allo ws analyzing the consequences for the policy mix when national governments face a budget constraint and take their decisions on the basis of national macroeconomic data, while the central bank focuses on the union-wide average data. Under these circu mstances it is shown that the governments' reaction to monetary policy and to supply shocks is not univocal anymore. This feature also affects the outcome of the Nash equilibriu m.
Delay-insensitive on-chip communication link using low-swing simultaneous bidirectional signaling

We present the circuit implementation of a new asynchronous delay-insensitive on-chip link structure, where two modules placed on the opposite sides of the link can exchange data simultaneously. Unlike the conventional delay-insensitive dual-rail link which requires 2N + 1 interconnects to transfer N-data bit, N + 1 interconnects are required in this design. As two transceivers can access simultaneously the same physical interconnect the number of required interconnects halves compared to bidirectional transfer based on two separate unidirectional dual-rail links. This makes the link cost effective for future SoC. The transceiver circuits are designed using multiple-valued current-mode logic, linear summation is implemented by wiring without active devices simplifying the resulting circuitry. By using 110mV voltage swing the power consumption of the link is 8.32mW for 689ps propagation delay and 5mm interconnect length. Some of the potential application areas of this link are between locally clocked modules in GALS system, between routers of NoC nodes, and in adaptive and reconfigurable system where feedback information is crucial. The circuit is designed and simulated using Cadence analog spectre with 0. 13μm CMOS technology
Culture Differences and Tax Morale in the United States and in Europe

Much recent research has investigated whether values, social norms, and attitudes differ across countries and whether these differences have measurable effects on economic behavior. One area in which such studies are particularly relevant is tax compliance, given both the noted differences across countries in their levels of tax compliance and the marked inability of standard economic models of taxpayer compliance to explain these differences. In this paper we estimate the determinants of an individual’s intrinsic willingness to pay taxes – what is sometimes termed “tax morale” – using information from the World Values Survey for a wide range of countries over several years of data. We first analyze a cross-section of individuals in Spain and the United States. In line with previous experimental results, our findings indicate a significantly higher tax morale in the United States than in Spain, controlling in a multivariate analysis for additional variables. We then extend our multivariate analysis to include an additional 14 European countries. Our results again indicate that individuals in the United States have the highest tax morale across all countries, followed by Austria and Switzerland. We also find a strong negative correlation between the size of shadow economy and the degree of tax morale in those countries.
Bitwise Operations Based Encryption and Decryption

In this paper, variable block length based character/bit level transformation has been proposed for encryption and decryption, where a block of characters /few bits has taken into account. The originated text is transformed into decimal values and passed to encoder module. In this module values are cluttered using binary operations present in most systems with keys. This routine is based on feistel iteration using large number of rounds for security justification to certain intensity and passed to the security module. This module performs conversion of values into octal base values and then padded with a vector. When compared with other encryption schemes it provides more security even though keys are revealed. Since, one parameter namely vector a i alone been kept secret. The receiver passes the received cipher text to security module and yields the cipher decimal values. These values are transformed into a form of originated text.
7th workshop on large-scale distributed systems for information retrieval (LSDS-IR'09)

Due to the dramatically increasing amount of available data, effective and scalable solutions for data organization and search are essential. Distributed solutions naturally provide promising alternatives to standard centralized approaches. With the computational power of thousands or millions of computers in clusters or peer-to-peer systems, the challenges that arise are manifold, ranging from efficient resource discovery to issues in load balancing and distributed query processing. The 2009 edition of the Workshop on Large-Scale Distributed Systems for Information Retrieval (LSDS-IR'09) provided a forum for researchers to discuss these problems and to define new directions in research on Distributed Information Retrieval. The Workshop program featured research contributions in the areas of collection selection, similarity search, index compression, distributed indexing, query processing, distributed computing, and network formation. In addition, there were two industry talks on large scale Web search and distributed computing.
Bidirectional Synchronization of Multiple Views of Software Models

Current best-practices for defining Domain-Specific Modeling Languages call for metamodeling techniques, which do not take into account the future use of such languages in multiview design environments. Tool implementers have tried a variety of ad-hoc techniques to maintain views in-synch, with modest results. To improve this state of affairs, a declarative approach is elaborated to automate multiview synchronization, building upon existing metamodeling techniques and recent advances in the field of function inversion for bidirectionalization. An application of these ideas to EMOF and a discussion of the resulting Declarative MVC software architecture are also provided. A significant benefit of the approach is the resulting comprehensive solution to a recurrent problem in the software modeling field.
Evaluating Quality of Web Services: A Short Survey

This paper presents a short survey on the quality evaluation of web services. The most popular metrics for estimating such quality and user perception of web services are Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE), which represent objective and subjective assessments correspondingly. For different types of web services, the values of QoS and QoE are measured in different ways. In this paper, we consider various definitions of QoS based on web service parameters and describe several methods for evaluating QoS and QoE. We start with experimental evaluation of QoS based on network traffic analysis and further turn to model based methods for QoS estimating. Existing relationships between different kinds of service quality evaluation are also discussed.
Motivation And Gender As Determinants Of Achievement In Senior Secondary School Economics with Durowoju, E. O

The paper considered the relationship between motivation and students’ achievement, as well as male and female students’ cognitive achievement in Secondary School Economics in Ibadan North Local Government Council Area of Oyo State. The population for the study was made up of all Economics students in the Local Government Area. Two-stage sampling was employed to randomly select four schools from forty Senior Secondary Schools in the area and an intact arm of SS11from each of the sampled schools. Two instruments constructed and validated by the researchers were administered on the subjects; the resulting data were then collated and analysed using correlation and t-test. Results showed that motivation is positively related with students’ cognitive achievement; likewise, gender also has no significant effect on students’ cognitive achievement in Economics. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the cognitive achievement in Economic on gender basis. Recommendations included: that all learners irrespective of gender and family background be given equal level playing ground in their study; that every student irrespective of sex or background be given the same level of encouragement and the necessary equipment be made available in the same quantum to all student for equal access and opportunities to the study of Economics.
Ship vibration and noise : Some topical aspects

^ The authors of this paper retain the right of subsequent publication, subject to the sanction of the Committee of Lloyd's Register. Any opinions expressed and statements made in this paper and in the subsequent discussions are those of the individuals and not those of Lloyd's Register. permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Carlton trained initially as a mechanical engineer and upon completion of these studies he subsequently read for a degree in mathematics. After a period of time in the Royal Naval Scientific Service, where he was concerned with hydrodynamic research, he joined Stone Manganese Marine in 1969. During this time he was involved in the design of marine propellers and bow thrusters as well as undertaking research into propeller off-design performance. As the Senior Surveyor he is now involved in projects mostly related to investigations, problem solving and predictions of marine structure dynamic responses. He is also a member of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Synopsis The paper considers some topical aspects of noise and vibration in the shipboard environment. In particular, hydrodynamic and other sources of excitation are discussed in relation to their quantification, analysis and the assessment of the ship's response. Within the discussion comfort class rules are considered in relation to their ISO basis and application in the marine industry. Some comment is made concerning noise in relation to the external shipboard environment.
Jobs Instead of Austerity: A Bold Policy Proposal for Economic Justice

Our article discusses the formation of a National Investment Employment Corps as a direct alternative to austerity economics. Given the disproportionate effect of the “Great Recession” on African Americans and Latinos, the federal government’s attempt to stimulate the private sector while Congress cuts essential public services and safety nets only begs for disastrous consequences akin to current crises in Europe and throughout the globe, while worsening conditions for aforementioned and other unprivileged groups. Instead, we propose investing in a National Investment Employment Corps to provide a job guarantee for all citizens with the purpose of maintaining and expanding the nation’s physical and human infrastructure. A National Investment Employment Corps program would not only address employment needs for blacks and Latinos, but also serve as a solution over fiscal austerity by providing full-employment while simultaneously ensuring long-term benefits toward the national well-being.
Automatic Subcortical Segmentation Using a Novel Contextual Model

Automatically segmenting subcortical structures in brain images has the potential to greatly accelerate drug trials and population studies of disease. Here we propose an automatic subcortical segmentation algorithm using the auto context model. Unlike many segmentation algorithms that separately compute a shape prior and an image appearance model, we develop a framework based on machine learning to learn a unified appearance and context model. We trained our algorithm to segment the hippocampus and tested it on 83 brain MRIs (of 35 Alzheimer’s disease patients, 22 with mild cognitive impairment, and 26 normal healthy controls). Using standard distance and overlap metrics, the auto context model method significantly outperformed simpler learning-based algorithms (using AdaBoost alone) and the FreeSurfer system. In tests on a public domain dataset designed to validate segmentation [1], our new algorithm also greatly improved upon a recently-proposed hybrid discriminative/generative approach [? ], which was among the top three that performed comparably in a recent head-to-head competition.
Comparative Evolution of S7 Intron 1 and Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer in Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)

Coilia nasus is widely distributed in the Yangtze River, the coastal waters of China, Korea and the Ariake Sound of Japan. Several ecotypes exist and this provides a useful model for the study of comparative diversity between molecular markers. Here we analyze and compare the nucleotide sequences between single-copy ribosomal protein S7 gene intron 1 (rpS7) and multiple-copy ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) in this species to compare the phylogenetic signal of the two nuclear genes. Nucleotide substitutions among the two gene sequences and partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were also analyzed. A total of 115 clones for rpS7 and 122 clones for ITS1 were obtained from 37 specimens. The nucleotide sequence length is 741 to 743 bp for rpS7 and 334 to 348 bp for ITS1. Intra- and inter-specimen variation in rpS7 results from nucleotide substitution, while such variation in ITS1 is mainly due to different numbers of short base repeats. The content of G + C is lower in rpS7 (43.5%) than in ITS1 (68.2%). Our results indicate that the proportion of the sequence variable sites is higher in rpS7 (61) than in ITS1 (23); the informative parsimony of rpS7 is evidently higher than that of ITS1 (26 vs. 2); the overall ratio between transitions and transversions in ITS1 is slightly lower than in rpS7, but remarkably lower than in COI. These results suggest that rpS7 is more suitable than ITS1 as a marker for genetic divergence of this group. Furthermore, gene flow is observed between the different geographic populations of C. nasus from the phylogeny of this species based on rpS7, showing that rpS7 has more evolutionary characteristics for understanding the processes of genomic evolution at the intraspecific level.
Push-Sum With Transmission Failures

The push-sum algorithm allows distributed computing of the average on a directed graph, and is particularly relevant when one is restricted to one-way and/or asynchronous communications. We investigate its behavior in the presence of unreliable communication channels where messages can be lost. We show that exponential convergence still holds and deduce fundamental properties that implicitly describe the distribution of the final value obtained. We analyze the error of the final common value we get for the essential case of two nodes, both theoretically and numerically. We provide performance comparison with a standard consensus algorithm.
What Bitcoin Looks Like

The present paper seeks to effectively address the following question: What Bitcoin looks like? To do so, we regress Bitcoin price on different variables (potential Bitcoin fundamentals recorded in the literature) by applying an ARDL Bounds Testing approach for daily data covering the period from December 2010 to June 2014. Our findings highlight the speculative behavior of Bitcoin. This virtual currency may be also used for economic reasons. However, there is any sign of being a safe haven. By considering the Chinese trading bankruptcy, the contribution of speculation (proxied by investors’ attractiveness to Bitcoin) remains dominant, indicating the robustness of our results.
Secrets of the Temple

A method in which an energy wave at a controlled frequency is superimposed on another energy wave transmitted through some medium to increase the energy level and heat the medium through which the energy waves are propagated. One of the energy waves is generated from an electrical current source connected to electrodes in contact with the wave transmitting medium.
High School Core-Subject Instructors’ Perceptions of General Education Track Courses and the Associated Achievement Gap

ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Background of the Problem 2 Statement of the Problem 5 Research Questions 7 Purpose of the Study 7 Research Paradigm 9 Definitions of Key Terms 9 Assumptions and Limitations 12 Significance of the Study 12 Summary 14 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature 14 Philosophy of Tracking 15 Implementation of Tracking in Schools 15 Reported Benefits of Tracking 17 Adverse Influences and Social Justice of Implementing Tracking 17 The Influences of Tracking and Teacher Attitudes and Perceptions 20 Self -Efficacy 23 Teacher Efficacy and Student Performance 25