Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of quantitatively responsive cooperative trade.

The iterated Prisoner's Dilemma reflects the essence of repeated cooperative interactions with selfish incentives. However, the classical form of this game assumes that individuals either cooperate or defect, whereas in practice different degrees of cooperation are usually possible. To overcome this limitation, we present a model of alternating cooperative trade in which individuals controlled the costs they incurred in benefiting their partners. Since the range of possible strategies is enormous, competitively successful solutions were identified using a genetic algorithm, a powerful search technique in which good performers are iteratively selected and recombined from an initial "strategy soup". Beginning with a population of asocial individuals, altruistic behaviour readily emerged. Like the pre-defined strategy of "Raise-the-Stakes", the emerging strategies evolved protection from cheats by investing relatively little in strangers and subsequently responding quantitatively to a partner's altruism. Unlike "Raise-the-Stakes", they began trading relations at intermediate levels and, when the benefit-to-cost ratio of cooperation was relatively low, mean investment was considerably below the maximum level. Our approach is novel in allowing us to predict not just whether cooperation will occur, but how cooperative individuals will be, in relation to factors such as the number of rounds and the cost effectiveness of cooperative trade.
CMTM8 induces caspase‐dependent and ‐independent apoptosis through a mitochondria‐mediated pathway

The mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway is regulated by members of the Bcl‐2 family. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces Bad phosphorylation at Ser112 via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), impairing its binding to Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL and interfering with their anti‐apoptotic functions. In the current study, we utilized Western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy to examine the effects of CMTM8 overexpression on apoptosis. Our data indicated levels of Bad‐S112 phosphorylation were lower in CMTM8‐transfected cells compared to pCDB‐transfected cells. Caspase‐dependent and independent mediated apoptosis, induced by CMTM8 overexpression, was facilitated by the mitochondria and inhibited by knockdown of Bad or overexpression of Bcl‐xL. Previous research in our laboratory also demonstrated CMTM8 attenuated EGFR‐mediated signaling pathways by decreasing ERK1/2phosphorylation levels. These data implicate CMTM8 as a negative regulator of EGF‐induced signaling, with potential use as a novel therapeutic gene for EGFR‐targeted anticancer gene therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 112–120, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model-based flow quantification using conditional random fields with global preferences

Recent advances in the real-time 3D full volume echocardiography have enabled high frame rate acquisition of volumetric color Doppler flow images. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method for de-aliasing of color Doppler flow and quantification of the cardiac flow using instantaneous 3D+t ultrasound data. First, the anatomical information, such as mitral annulus and left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT), are detected and tracked automatically accounting for the heart motion. 3D planes are constructed at the estimated mitral annulus and LVOT locations to sample the color flow data. To overcome inherent limitation of the color Doppler velocity ambiguity caused by the Nyquist velocity level, we formulate the de-aliasing process in a conditional random field (CRF) framework and introduce a global consistency potential to incorporate domain specific prior information based on the instantaneous change in LV volume. Preliminary results with clinical data presented here agree well with clinical measurements in a quantitative manner. The proposed method is efficient and achieves high speed performance of 0.2 second per volume of ultrasound data.
Sustainability and energy efficiency: Research implications from an academic roundtable and two case examples

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempt to answer the questions posed by the special issue editors using insights from leading academics in the field and case examples drawn from two renowned global companies. It also aims to define potential avenues for further research in the thematic areas covered.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a roundtable discussion with the Council for Supply Chain Management Professionals's Education Strategy Committee and case materials and presentations from Cisco Systems and Walmart to generate the insights.Findings – The existing cost/lead‐time trade‐off model still applies yet changes in fuel prices and the importance of sustainability initiatives (also from a marketing point of view) lead to different equilibrium points.Research limitations/implications – Based on insight from leading academics and case examples, the paper suggests that the trade‐offs are made more intricate and require the more accurate addition of new factors such as social costs as .
Assessment of electric vehicle charging load and its impact on electricity market price

State of the art electric drive vehicles are one of the most encouraging automobile technologies to reduce our dependence on expensive, polluting fossil fuel based conventional vehicles. However, arises a new fear: the grid anxiety - whether the existing power grid, as it stands right now, will be able to handle the additional load put up by these vehicles. In this work, actual transportation statistics, together with two possible charging schemes - constant time and constant power for two charging levels of 3.3 and 6.6 kW, have been used to obtain the load profile of electric vehicles. The augmented charging load of electric vehicles may also affect the behavior of electricity market due to increase in total load. This paper analyzes the impact of vehicle's load on electricity market price in a day ahead market model. The constant time charging along with low charging power comes out to be an optimal scenario, when tested on a modified IEEE 30-Bus system.
Development of Improved PPARβ/δ Inhibitors

GSK0660 (1) is the first peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ‐selective inhibitory ligand described in the literature. Based on its structure, we designed and synthesized a series of modified compounds to establish preliminary structure–activity relationships. Most beneficial for increased binding affinity towards the PPARβ/δ ligand binding domain was the replacement of the 4′‐aminophenyl substituent by medium‐length n‐alkyl chains, such as n‐butyl or iso‐pentyl. These compounds show activity down to the one‐digit nanomolar range, thus possessing up to a tenfold higher binding affinity compared with GSK0660. Additionally, the subtype‐specific inhibition of PPARβ/δ was confirmed in a cell‐based assay making these compounds invaluable tools for the further exploration of the functions of PPARβ/δ.
Light regulation of CaS, a novel phosphoprotein in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana

Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to high levels of light revealed specific phosphorylation of a 40 kDa protein in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes. The protein was identified by MS as extracellular calcium‐sensing receptor (CaS), previously reported to be located in the plasma membrane. By confocal laser scanning microscopy and subcellular fractionation, it was demonstrated that CaS localizes to the chloroplasts and is enriched in stroma thylakoids. The phosphorylation level of CaS responded strongly to light intensity. The light‐dependent thylakoid protein kinase STN8 is required for CaS phosphorylation. The phosphorylation site was mapped to the stroma‐exposed Thr380, located in a motif for interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins and proteins with forkhead‐associated domains, which suggests the involvement of CaS in stress responses and signaling pathways. The knockout Arabidopsis lines revealed a significant role for CaS in plant growth and development.
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF DETERMINANT FACTORS OF COMPANY DELISTING: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

The main purpose of the research is to evaluate determinant factors which contribute to companies being delisted from Stock Exchange Market in Indonesia. The samples are taken from the delisted companies list in IDX for a period year 2007-2011. The matching companies are then selected based on the company size to make an equivalent comparison for each delisted companies sample. The total final samples consist of 58 companies, 29 delisted companies and 29 matching companies. This research analyzes the company’s financial status by using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression model to find the effect of each determinant to the probability of delisting. The shares liquidity is a significant determinant to company’s delisting in Indonesia. Meanwhile, profitability and leverage seems to be determinant factors for delisted, but appear to be insignificant. Other examined factors, market capitalization and growth opportunity appear to insignificant determinants. This manager implication of this research is that the strong delisting factor is the external company factor, in this case, the market factor.
A Word Type-based Quantitative Study on the Lexical Change of American and British English*

Abstract The purpose of the study is to partially replicate and extend Fan’s (2012) study and investigate the lexical change of American and British English between the 1960s and the 2010s. The study is different from Fan (2012) in that we used word types instead of lemmas and we used different reference corpora to solve the issue of incomparability between the corpora. Results of the top 100 high frequency words were comparable to Fan (2012). Meanwhile, results of vocabulary growth in terms of both word types and lemmas showed that there is no change in vocabulary growth of both American and British English, which is different from those of Fan (2012). We argue that the difference may result from the incomparability of the texts domains in the corpora used in Fan (2012). Meanwhile, though significant difference of vocabulary richness was found in American and British English between the 1960s and the 2010s, which is similar to Fan (2012), the effect size of the difference was very minuscule and the differences may result from the large size of the corpora. Last, also different from Fan (2012), the word length of American English was found to have significantly decreased from the 1960s to the 2010s in terms of word types, while that of the British English remained stable. The effect size of the word length chi-square tests on both American and British English is also very minuscule.
The adjunctive role of mental practice in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after hemiplegic stroke: a pilot studya

Objective: To assess the feasibility and practicalities of using the technique of mental practice as an adjunct in the rehabilitation of the upper limb following stroke. Design: A series of single-case studies. Setting: A stroke rehabilitation unit in Belfast. Subjects: Fourteen patients admitted for rehabilitation of their first stroke: six men and four women, aged 45–81 between 10 and 176 days post stroke. Intervention: Each patient underwent a single-case design, with two weeks baseline, two weeks intervention and one week withdrawal. The intervention consisted of structured daily mental practice sessions of a reach and grasp task, in addition to their usual therapy. Main outcome measures: The upper limb component of the Motricity Index was used to grade motor activity sequentially across the timescale of the study. Results: Of the 14 patients recruited, four withdrew and 10 completed the study. Nine showed improvement in upper limb Motricity Index score with mental practice as measured by the two-band standard deviation method. One of these cases demonstrated an unstable baseline such that changes could not be attributed to intervention. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that mental practice may be useful as an adjunct to physiotherapy after stroke.
A rifamycin inactivating phosphotransferase family shared by environmental and pathogenic bacteria

Significance Environmental microorganisms are a source of diverse antibiotic resistance determinants. With the appropriate selection pressure, these resistance genes can be mobilized to clinically relevant pathogens. Identifying and characterizing elements of the environmental antibiotic resistome provides an early warning of what we may expect to encounter in the clinic. We uncover a conserved genetic element associated with various rifamycin antibiotic-inactivating mechanisms. This element led to the identification of a new resistance gene and associated enzyme responsible for inactivating rifamycin antibiotics by phosphorylation. Cryptic orthologous genes are also found in pathogenic bacteria but remain susceptible to the drug. This study reveals a new antibiotic resistance protein family and the unexpected prevalence of a silent rifamycin resistome among pathogenic bacteria. Many environmental bacteria are multidrug-resistant and represent a reservoir of ancient antibiotic resistance determinants, which have been linked to genes found in pathogens. Exploring the environmental antibiotic resistome, therefore, reveals the diversity and evolution of antibiotic resistance and also provides insight into the vulnerability of clinically used antibiotics. In this study, we describe the identification of a highly conserved regulatory motif, the rifampin (RIF) -associated element (RAE), which is found upstream of genes encoding RIF-inactivating enzymes from a diverse collection of actinomycetes. Using gene expression assays, we confirmed that the RAE is involved in RIF-responsive regulation. By using the RAE as a probe for new RIF-associated genes in several actinomycete genomes, we identified a heretofore unknown RIF resistance gene, RIF phosphotransferase (rph). The RPH enzyme is a RIF-inactivating phosphotransferase and represents a new protein family in antibiotic resistance. RPH orthologs are widespread and found in RIF-sensitive bacteria, including Bacillus cereus and the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Heterologous expression and in vitro enzyme assays with purified RPHs from diverse bacterial genera show that these enzymes are capable of conferring high-level resistance to a variety of clinically used rifamycin antibiotics. This work identifies a new antibiotic resistance protein family and reinforces the fact that the study of resistance in environmental organisms can serve to identify resistance elements with relevance to pathogens.
Global Reporting Initiative Indicator Selection Decisions: A Case Study

Due to the voluntary nature of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Guidelines, GRI adopter does not have to report every GRI indicator. This raises the question whether a company that claims to adopt GRI tends to report only the GRI indicators that would portray it in a good light. This paper attempts to shed light into this question. Specifically, this paper investigates how a company decides which social and environmental indicators to report, why those indicators are chosen and whether and how GRI adoption affects indicator selection decisions. Sustainability reporting by Company A, a Canadian mining company, is used as a case study for this paper. Research methods include interviewing Company A’s employees who are involved in preparing GRI reports and reviewing both internal and external documents. Economic theory, institutional theory, and integrative social contracts theory are used as my analytical lenses. I argue that Company A’s sustainability reporting appears to be driven most heavily by the factors associated with economic theory. Even though the number of indicators reported by Company A increases after GRI adoption, the amount of details appears to be insufficient in some cases. This makes it difficult or impossible for stakeholders to find specific information that they need from the company’s GRI report, especially the information at the mine site level. In addition, reporting in accordance with GRI does not appear to help improve information accuracy.
A Comparative study on Handoff Algorithms for GSM and CDMA Cellular Networks

The GSM, CDMA cellular systems are most trendy 2G and 3G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. These systems have many advantages such as high security, higher quality of call transmission over the long distances, low transmitted power, and enhanced capacity with more efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum. With these advantages these cellular systems have attracted more subscribers with more attention in the field of mobile communications. One of the most attractive features of cellular system is handoff which is a continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without disconnecting the call. Usually, continuous service is achieved by efficiently designed handoff algorithms. So, efficient handoff algorithms are necessary for enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff analysis for GSM, CDMA cellular networks are done under various propagation models. Various handoff algorithms of GSM are described and also a novel received signal strength (R SS ) based GSM handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is analyzed. CDMA Soft handoff algorithm is analyzed and effective soft handoff parameters are estimated for better performance. The Comparison of handoff algorithms is studied based on results.
Influence of oral creatine supplementation of muscle torque during repeated bouts of maximal voluntary exercise in man.

1. The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the influence of oral creatine supplementation, shown previously to increase the total creatine content of human skeletal muscle (Harris RC, Soderlund K, Hultman E. Clin Sci 1992; 83: 367-74), on skeletal muscle isokinetic torque and the accumulation of plasma ammonia and blood lactate during five bouts of maximal exercise. 2. Twelve subjects undertook five bouts of 30 maximal voluntary isokinetic contractions, interspersed with 1 min recovery periods, before and after 5 days of placebo (4 x 6 g of glucose/day, n = 6) or creatine (4 x 5 g of creatine plus 1 g of glucose/day, n = 6) oral supplementation. Muscle torque production and plasma ammonia and blood lactate accumulation were measured during and after exercise on each treatment. 3. No difference was seen when comparing muscle peak torque production during exercise before and after placebo ingestion. After creatine ingestion, muscle peak torque production was greater in all subjects during the final 10 contractions of exercise bout 1 (P < 0.05), throughout the whole of exercise bouts 2 (P < 0.01), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P = 0.057) and during contractions 11-20 of the final exercise bout (P < 0.05), when compared with the corresponding measurements made before creatine ingestion. Plasma ammonia accumulation was lower during and after exercise after creatine ingestion. No differences were found when comparing blood lactate levels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Data integration in genomics and systems biology

Multi-view learning is the branch of machine learning that deals with multi modal data, i.e. with patterns represented by different sets of features. The fast spread of this learning technique is motivated by the continuing increase of real applications based on multi-view data. For example, in bioinformatics multiple experiments can be available (mRNA, miRNA and protein expression, genome wide association studies (GWAS) and others) for a set of samples. In bioinformatics multi-view approaches are useful since heterogeneous genome-wide data sources capture information on different aspects of complex biological systems. Each view provides a distinct facet of the same domain, encoding different biologically-relevant patterns. The integration of such views can provide a richer model of the underlying system than those produced by a single view alone. This paper provides a review of the literature with respect to bioinformatics, with the purpose to understand the principles and operation modes of the existing methods and their possible applications. In order to organize the proposed methods in literature and to find similarities between them, these approaches are organized according to three categories: the type of data used in the papers, the statistical problem and the stage of integration.
Concentration of Lp(a) and other Apolipoproteins in Predialysis, Hemodialysis, Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Post-Transplant Patients

Abstract Serum levels of lipids, lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) and other apolipoproteins were determined in 47 predialysis patients, 40 hemodialysis (HD) patients, 39 chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, 11 patients after kidney transplantation and 47 healthy subjects as reference group. The predialysis, HD, and CAPD patients had disturbances in the concentration of serum triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), total apoCIII, apoCIII present in the particles without apoB (apoCIII non B), and Lp(a) and HDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/apoAI, apoAI/apoB, and apoAI/apoCIII ratios. Predialysis patients had significantly lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and total apoE levels than CAPD patients and total apoE level than HD patients. Moreover, both HD and CAPD patients had significantly increased levels of apoB containing apoE (apoB:E) and apoB containing apoCIII (apoB:CIII). The concentrations of serum TG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apoB, Lp(a) in CAPD patients were statistically higher than in HD patients. The patients after transplantation demonstrated normalization of lipid and lipoprotein parameters and lipoprotein ratios except serum levels of TG, total apoCIII, apoCIII non B and the apoAI/apoCIII ratio. We concluded that abnormal lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with uremia may be the cause of their high risk of atherosclerosis, but post-transplant patients exhibited improved levels of serum lipids, Lp(a) and other lipoprotein parameters and lipoprotein composition, which could be an index of decreased atherogenic status.
Characterization and Expression Patterns of UDP-D-Glucuronate Decarboxylase Genes in Barley 1 [ w ]

UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.35) catalyzes the synthesis of UDP-D-xylose from UDP-D-glucuronate in an essentially irreversible reaction that is believed to commit glycosyl residues to heteroxylan and xyloglucan biosynthesis. Four members of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase gene family, designated HvUXS1 to HvUXS4, have been cloned and characterized. Barley HvUXS1 appears to be a cytosolic enzyme, while the others are predicted to be membrane-bound proteins with single transmembrane helices. Heterologous expression of a barley HvUXS1 cDNA in Escherichia coli yields a soluble enzyme that converts UDP-D-glucuronate to UDP-D-xylose, is associated with a single molecule of bound NAD, and is subject to feedback inhibition by UDP-D-xylose. Quantitative PCR shows that the HvUXS1 mRNA is most abundant among the 4 HvUXS genes, accounting for more than 80% of total HvUXS transcripts in most of the tissues examined. The abundance of HvUXS1 mRNA is 10-fold higher in mature roots and stems than in leaves, developing grains, or floral tissues. Transcriptional activities of HvUXS2 and HvUXS4 genes are relatively high in mature roots, coleoptiles, and stems compared with root tips, leaves, and floral tissues, while HvUXS3 mRNA is low in all tissues. In barley leaf sections, levels of the most abundant mRNA, encoding HvUXS1, reflect the amount of soluble enzymic protein and activity. In selected tissues where HvUXS1 transcript levels are high, cell walls have higher arabinoxylan contents.