Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Computerized Fetal Heart Rate Diagnosis with Direct Reporting

Aims: Since pattern classification of fetal heart rate (FHR) was subjective and enlarged interobserver difference, objective FHR analysis was achieved with computerized FHR diagnosis. Methods: The computer algorithm was composed of an experts’ knowledge system, including FHR analysis and FHR score calculation, and also of an objective artificial neural network system with software. In addition, a FHR frequency spectrum was studied to detect ominous sinusoidal FHR and the loss of baseline variability related to fetal brain damage. The algorithms were installed in a central-computerized automatic FHR monitoring system, which gave the diagnosis rapidly and directly to the attending doctor. Results: Clinically perinatal mortality decreased significantly and no cerebral palsy developed after introduction of the centralized system. Conclusion: The automatic multichannel FHR monitoring system improved the monitoring, increased the objectivity of FHR diagnosis and promoted clinical results.
Activating Frontier Livelihoods: Women and the Transnational Secondhand Clothing Trade Between Hong Kong and the Philippines

This paper explores the work of Filipina entrepreneurs in Baguio City who have developed a branch of the global trade in secondhand clothing between Hong Kong and the Philippines. Building on kinship networks of women working in Hong Kong, these entrepreneurs navigate formal government and informal economic and cultural channels to operationalize a transnational trade that straddles legal-illegal practice in both locales. I argue here that these women emerge as transnational market players whose actions unsettle essentialist categories of economy, work, value and legality. Through their cross-border work, they connect parts of societies not previously linked, or connect these in different ways, capturing contested markets and fashioning new spaces of consumption. At the same time, state and cultural constraints on their newfound economic flexibility, mean that traders continue to depend on community networks in both the Philippines and Hong Kong rather than being able to consistently use formal infrastructure options and more visible avenues of action to facilitate their businesses. Because the status
Comparison of Echocardiographic and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Sarcomere Mutation Carriers Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background—Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) typically manifests during or after adolescence in sarcomere mutation carriers at risk for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Guidelines recommend serial imaging of mutation carriers without LVH (G+/LVH−) to monitor for phenotypic evolution, but the optimal strategy is undefined. Compared with echocardiography (echo), cardiac MRI (CMR) offers improved endocardial visualization and potential to assess scar. However, the incremental advantage offered by CMR for early diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Therefore, we systematically compared echo and CMR in G+/LVH− subjects. Methods and Results—A total of 40 sarcomere mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness (<12 mm or z score <2.5 in children) underwent concurrent CMR. Mean age was 21.7±11.1 years, 55% were female. If left ventricular wall thickness seemed nonuniform, the size and location of relatively thickened segments were noted. Late gadolinium enhancement was assessed with CMR. Diagnostic agreement between echo and CMR was good (90%), although CMR measurements of left ventricular wall thickness were ≈19% lower than echo. Four subjects had mild hypertrophy (12.6–14 mm; ⩽2 segments) appreciated by CMR but not echo. No subjects had late gadolinium enhancement. During median 35-month follow-up, 2 subjects developed overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including 1 with mild LVH by CMR at baseline. Conclusions—Echo is unlikely to miss substantial LVH; however, CMR identified mild hypertrophy in ≈10% of mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness. CMR may be a useful adjunct in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy family screening, particularly in higher risk situations, or if echocardiographic images are suboptimal or suggest borderline LVH.
Left ventricular function at 3 months after successful thrombolysis. Impact of reocclusion without reinfarction on ejection fraction, regional function, and remodeling.

BACKGROUND After successful thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction, reocclusion is observed in about 30% of patients after 3 months and usually occurs without reinfarction. We studied the impact of reocclusion without reinfarction on global and regional left ventricular function and on remodeling during that period. METHODS AND RESULTS The patients for this analysis constituted a subset of those enrolled in the APRICOT-trial, which was designed to study the efficacy of antithrombotics on the prevention of reocclusion. Patients were selected who had a left anterior descending- or right coronary artery-related myocardial infarction, had an angiographically patent infarct-related vessel when studied < 48 hours after intravenous thrombolysis, and underwent repeat cardiac catheterization at 3 months. Paired contrast ventriculograms of quality sufficient to analyze regional wall motion, global ejection fraction, and ventricular volumes were analyzed in 129 patients. Enzymatic infarct size and baseline left ventricular function as well as other baseline characteristics were similar in patients with (n = 34) and without (n = 95) reocclusion. Ejection fraction improved in anterior infarction without reocclusion from 47 +/- 10% to 54 +/- 13% (P = .0001) but not with reocclusion (baseline, 48 +/- 13%; 3 months, 48 +/- 16%). No improvement was seen in inferior infarction with or without reocclusion. Persistent patency allowed preservation of end-systolic volume index (ESVI) at 3 months (37 +/- 14 mL/m2) to baseline level (38 +/- 13 mL/m2), with a better chance for improvement of > 10 mL/m2 without reocclusion in those with baseline values > 40 mL/m2. After reocclusion, in contrast, ESVI increased from 37 +/- 14 to 43 +/- 20 mL/m2 (P = .08). Comparable mean changes of ESVI in response to persistent patency or reocclusion were seen in anterior versus inferior infarction. Recovery of infarct zone contractility was impaired by reocclusion, both in terms of abnormality of segment shortening and expressed in the number of segments showing abnormal wall motion. In anterior but not in inferior infarction, infarct zone contractility was better with good collaterals to the reoccluded artery compared with poor collaterals. CONCLUSIONS After successful thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction, reocclusion without reinfarction withholds salvaged myocardium from regaining contractility. This has deleterious consequences for regional and global left ventricular function and for remodeling. To further optimize prognosis in patients after thrombolysis, future research should focus on the prevention of reocclusion and should evaluate revascularization therapy in patients with reocclusion.
Dynamic Hair Capture

Figure 1: Our system reconstructs a temporally coherent set of hair fibers for real-world dynamic hair. It accommodates a variety of hair types and styles, as well as nontrivial motion (top: input video, middle: reconstructed envelope surface, bottom: synthesized hair strands). Abstract The realistic reconstruction of hair motion is challenging because of hair's complex occlusion, lack of a well-defined surface, and non-Lambertian material. We present a system for passive capture of dynamic hair performances using a set of high-speed video cameras. Our key insight is that, while hair color is unlikely to match across multiple views, the response to oriented filters will. We combine a multi-scale version of this orientation-based matching metric with bilateral aggregation, a MRF-based stereo reconstruction technique , and algorithms for temporal tracking and de-noising. Our final output is a set of hair strands for each frame, grown according to the per-frame reconstructed rough geometry and orientation field. We demonstrate results for a number of hair styles ranging from smooth and ordered to curly and messy.
'Royal-Road' Landscapes for a Dual Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithms may be viewed as an optimization method based on an Artificial Evolution which is at the center of most works in Artificial Life. Since they were introduced by J. Holland during the sixties, their weaknesses and effectiveness have been intensively studied in two ways; by designing “improved GA” such as the Dual Genetic Algorithms described later, or by studying features of functions particularly easy or hard for a GA to optimize. This paper will first introduce main concepts concerning both Simple Genetic Algorithms (SGA), and Dual Genetic Algorithms (DGA). After briefly presenting the Royal Road Functions originally designed by S. Forrest, M. Mitchell and J. Holland, we extend them in order to build a set of new functions so-called Dual Royal Road Functions (DRR). While the former were based on traditional Building Blocks, the latter use what we call Relational-Positional Schemata. Both of them will be used in the second part of this paper to establish an empirical comparison between SGA and DGA. Finally, we discuss on the relevance of the Dual approach and its implications over the Genetic Algorithms perspectives of evolution.
Rethinking the Measurement of Officer Experience and Its Role in Traffic Stop Searches

The role officer experience plays in shaping behavioral choices has received considerable attention. Officer experience has most often been captured by measuring years of service in policing literature. Thus, the field’s understanding of how officer experience shapes behavior choices is limited because years of service are not experienced monolithically. The current study employed multivariate, multilevel models to test three research hypotheses based on existing theoretical explanations of police behavior and psychology literature to more fully explore the influence of officer experience on discretionary search behavior. The results indicate that years of service provide an incomplete understanding of how experience motivates behavior in the traffic stop search context. A more complete understanding requires accounting for aspects of exposure to certain situational characteristics, activities undertaken, and work performance, suggesting that failing to incorporate multidimensional operationalizations of experience limits our ability to fully understand the influence of officer experience on decision making.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 and S2 Tables S1 and S2 References Combined Analog and Action Potential Coding in Hippocampal Mossy Fibers

In the mammalian cortex, it is generally assumed that the output information of neurons is encoded in the number and the timing of action potentials. Here, we show, by using direct patch-clamp recordings from presynaptic hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, that axons transmit analog signals in addition to action potentials. Excitatory presynaptic potentials result from subthreshold dendritic synaptic inputs, which propagate several hundreds of micrometers along the axon and modulate action potential–evoked transmitter release at the mossy fiber–CA3 synapse. This combined analog and action potential coding represents an additional mechanism for information transmission in a major hippocampal pathway. T he prevailing mode to encode information in the mammalian central nervous system is to convert an analog signal resulting from graded synaptic inputs into patterns of action potentials (APs) (1), which are transmitted as all-or-none signals along the axons. By contrast, in primary sensory systems and central neural circuits of small invertebrates , analog signals are used directly to transmit information (2, 3). Comparison of the two modes has revealed that AP coding is less efficient than analog coding at transmitting information (4, 5). Because in many brain regions the axonal distances from the cell body to a large fraction of the corresponding presynaptic boutons are rather short (6) and somatic subthreshold signals can be large in amplitude (7, 8), the question arises whether analog axonal signaling contributes to information transmission in the mammalian brain. To study subthreshold electrical signaling in a cortical presynaptic terminal, we obtained recordings from hippocampal mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) of rats (9, 10) (Fig. 1A). In hippocampal slices at a recording temperature of 34-T 1-C, extracellular stimulation in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG-ML) resulted in slow, transient depolarizing voltage deflections at the MFB (Fig. 1B), which we termed excitatory presynaptic potentials (EPreSPs). The peak amplitudes of EPreSPs depended on stimulus intensity in a graded manner (Fig. 1C). Furthermore , EPreSPs exhibited moderate trial-to-trial peak amplitude fluctuations and a slow time course (Fig. 1D). The recorded EPreSPs had a mean peak amplitude of 4.3 T 0.2 mV and a rise time and a half duration of 20 T 0.7 ms and 97 T 3 ms, respectively (n 0 49). Underlying currents (EPreSCs) recorded in the voltage-clamp configuration had a peak amplitude of 3.8 T 0.3 pA, a rise time of 12 T 1.4 ms, a decay time constant of 46 T 4 ms, and a …
S‐nitroso‐n‐acetylcysteine protects skeletal muscle against reperfusion injury

The effects of a nitric oxide (NO) donor on microcirculation and contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle were studied. Rat cremaster muscles underwent 5 hours of ischemia and 90 minutes of reperfusion and were divided into two groups systemically infused with S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylcysteine (SNAC, 100 nmol/ min) and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), respectively. The results showed that the vessels in the SNAC group had more rapid and complete recovery than that in controls. A significant difference was found from 10 to 40 minutes and at 90 minutes in 10–20‐μm arterioles, from 10 to 90 minutes in 20–40‐μm arterioles, and at 10 and 90 minutes in 40–70‐μm arteries. When compared to controls, SNAC‐treated muscles showed larger fluorescein filling areas at 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes and greater isometric tetanic contractile forces in response to stimulation frequencies of 40, 70, 100, and 120 Hz. The data indicate that supplementation of exogenous NO could effectively improve microcirculation and contractile function of skeletal muscle during early reperfusion. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 18:299–305, 1998
A Novel Danshensu Derivative Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Improves the Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Cells

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in clinics as an anticancer agent. However, the use of Dox is limited by its cardiotoxicity. We have previously shown that a Danshensu (DSS) derivative, ADTM, displayed strong cardioprotective effects. With improved chemical stability and activity, a novel DSS derivative, D006, based on the structure of ADTM, was synthesized. In the present study, the protective effects of D006, indexed by attenuation of the cardiotoxicity induced by Dox as well as chemosensitizing effects that increase the antitumor activity of Dox, were investigated. Our results showed that D006 was more potent than either parental compound, or their use in combination, in ameliorating Dox‐induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. In our zebrafish model, D006, but not DSS, alone significantly preserved the ventricular function of zebrafish after Dox treatment. Moreover, D006 upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mtDNA copy number after Dox treatment of H9c2 cells. D006 promoted the expression of HO‐1 protein in a time‐dependent manner while the HO‐1 inhibitor, Znpp, reversed the protective effects of D006. In human breast tumor MCF‐7 cells, D006 enhanced Dox‐induced cytotoxicity by increasing apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that a new DSS derivative exhibits promising protective effects against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro, an effect at least partially mediated by induction of HO‐1 expression and the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Meanwhile, D006 also potentiated the anti‐cancer effects of Dox in breast tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 94–105, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
D(k)-index: an adaptive structural summary for graph-structured data

To facilitate queries over semi-structured data, various structural summaries have been proposed. Structural summaries are derived directly from the data and serve as indices for evaluating path expressions on semi-structured or XML data. We introduce the D(k) index, an adaptive structural summary for general graph structured documents. Building on previous work, 1-index and A(k) index, the D(k)-index is also based on the concept of bisimilarity. However, as a generalization of the 1-index and A(k)-index, the D(k) index possesses the adaptive ability to adjust its structure according to the current query load. This dynamism also facilitates efficient update algorithms, which are crucial to practical applications of structural indices, but have not been adequately addressed in previous index proposals. Our experiments show that the D(k) index is a more effective structural summary than previous static ones, as a result of its query load sensitivity. In addition, update operations on the D(k) index can be performed more efficiently than on its predecessors.
Developing adaptive driving route guidance systems based on fuzzy neural network

This paper proposes a route guidance system which can be moldable by drivers based on using fuzzy neural network. The self-learning system has become a hot issue in the field of Driving Route Guidance. However, most of the researches didn't pay attention to the relationship between the route choice and the driver's vague perception. Even though with the same starting and destination points, different drivers typically do not go through the same path as they make choices of routes based on different attributes and weighting of the attributes. The adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to learn the decision logic with vague attributes from the past driving records of the drivers to make the guidance system adaptive. By integrating this intelligent adaptive capability, a driving route guidance system should be able to adapt to driver's behavior in generating routes teller-made for individual drivers.
A frequency-based technique to improve the spelling suggestion rank in medical queries.

OBJECTIVE There is an abundance of health-related information online, and millions of consumers search for such information. Spell checking is of crucial importance in returning pertinent results, so the authors propose a technique for increasing the effectiveness of spell-checking tools used for health-related information retrieval. DESIGN A sample of incorrectly spelled medical terms was submitted to two different spell-checking tools, and the resulting suggestions, derived under two different dictionary configurations, were re-sorted according to how frequently each term appeared in log data from a medical search engine. MEASUREMENTS Univariable analysis was carried out to assess the effect of each factor (spell-checking tool, dictionary type, re-sort, or no re-sort) on the probability of success. The factors that were statistically significant in the univariable analysis were then used in multivariable analysis to evaluate the independent effect of each of the factors. RESULTS The re-sorted suggestions proved to be significantly more accurate than the original list returned by the spell-checking tool. The odds of finding the correct suggestion in the number one rank were increased by 63% after re-sorting using the authors' method. This effect was independent of both the dictionary and the spell-checking tools that were used. CONCLUSION Using knowledge about the frequency of a given word's occurrence in the medical domain can significantly improve spelling correction for medical queries.
A Parallel and Pipelined Architecture for Accelerating Fingerprint Computation in High Throughput Data Storages

Rabin fingerprints are short tags for large objects that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as data deduplication, web querying, packet routing, and caching. We present a pipelined hardware architecture for computing Rabin fingerprints on data being transferred on a high throughput bus. The design conducts real-time fingerprinting with short latencies, and can be tuned for optimized clock rate with "split fresh" technique. A pipelined sampling logic selects fingerprints based on the Minwise theory and adds only a few clock cycles of latency before returning the final results. The design can be replicated to work in parallel for higher throughput data traffic. This architecture is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA, and is tested on a storage prototyping platform. The implementation shows that the design can achieve clock rates above 300 MHz with an order of magnitude improvement in latency over prior software implementations, while consuming little hardware resource. The scheme is extensible to other types of fingerprints and CRC computations, and is readily applicable to primary storages and caches in hybrid storage systems.
Approaching the notion of place by contrast

Place is an elusive notion in geographic information science. This paper presents an approach to capture the notion of place by contrast. This approach is developed from cognitive concepts and the language that is used to describe places. It is complementary to those of coordinate-based systems that dominate contemporary geographic informa- tion systems. Accordingly, the approach is aimed at explaining structures in verbal place descriptions and at localizing objects without committing to geometrically specified posi- tions in space. We will demonstrate how locations can be identified by place names that are not crisply defined in terms of geometric regions. Capturing the human cognitive no- tion of place is considered crucial for smooth communication between human users and computer-based geographic assistance systems.
Optimization of multiple input single output fuzzy membership functions using clonal selection algorithm

A clonal selection algorithm (CLONALG) inspires from Clonal Selection Principle used to explain the basic features of an adaptive immune response to an antigenic stimulus. In this study, a new method is proposed for optimization of the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) fuzzy membership functions using CLONALG. The most appropriate placement of membership functions with respect to fuzzy variables can be determined using our method for a fuzzy system whose rules table and shape of membership functions were given previously. Also, how the membership functions compute as a parameter optimization problem using CLONALG is descried for MISO fuzzy system on an illustrative example.
Current Methods in the Automatic Tissue Segmentation of 3 D Magnetic Resonance Brain Images

Accurate segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain is of interest in the study of many brain disorders. In this paper, we provide a review of some of the current approaches in the tissue segmentation of MR brain images. We broadly divided current MR brain image segmentation algorithms into three categories: classificationbased, region-based, and contour-based, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We also briefly review our recent work in this area. We show that by incorporating two key ideas into the conventional fuzzy cmeans clustering algorithm, we are able to take into account the local spatial context and compensate for the intensity nonuniformity (INU) artifact during the clustering process. We conclude this review by pointing to some possible future directions in this area.