Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis patterns: reusable objects models

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with References.) Foreword. Preface. 1. Introduction. Conceptual Models. The World of Patterns. The Patterns in this Book. Conceptual Models and Business Process Reengineering. Patterns and Frameworks. Using the Patterns. I. ANALYSIS PATTERNS. 2. Accountability. Party. Organization Hierarchies. Organization Structure. Accountability. Accountability Knowledge Level. Party Type Generalizations. Hierarchic Accountability. Operating Scopes. Post. 3. Observations and Measurements. Quantity. Conversion Ratio. Compound Units. Measurement. Observation. Subtyping Observation Concepts. Protocol. Dual Time Record. Rejected Observation. Active Observation, Hypothesis, and Projection. Associated Observation. Process of Observation. 4. Observations for Corporate Finance. Enterprise Segment. Measurement Protocol. Range. Phenomenon with Range. Using the Resulting Framework. 5. Referring to Objects. Name. Identification Scheme. Object Merge. Object Equivalence. 6. Inventory and Accounting. Account. Transactions. Summary Account. Memo Account. Posting Rules. Individual Instance Method. Posting Rule Execution. Posting Rules for Many Accounts. Choosing Entries. Accounting Practice. Sources of an Entry. Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Corresponding Account. Specialized Account Model. Booking Entries to Multiple Accounts. Further Reading. 7. Using the Accounting Models. Structural Models. Implementing the Structure. Setting Up New Phone Services. Setting Up Calls. Implementing Account-based Firing. Separating Calls into Day and Evening. Charging for Time. Calculating the Tax. Concluding Thoughts. 8. Planning. Proposed and Implemented Action. Completed and Abandoned Actions. Suspension. Plan. Protocol. Resource Allocation. Outcome and Start Functions. 9. Trading. Contract. Portfolio. Quote. Scenario. 10. Derivative Contracts. Forward Contracts. Options. Product. Subtype State Machines. Parallel Application and Domain Hierarchies. 11. Trading Packages. Multiple Access Levels to a Package. Mutual Visibility. Subtyping Packages. Concluding Thoughts. II. SUPPORT PATTERNS. 12. Layered Architecture for Information Systems. Two-Tier Architecture. Three-Tier Architecture. Presentation and Application Logic. Database Interaction. Concluding Thoughts. 13. Application Facades. A Health Care Example. Contents of a Facade. Common Methods. Operations. Type Conversions. Multiple Facades. 14. Patterns for Type Model Design Templates. Implementing Associations. Implementing Generalization. Object Creation. Object Destruction. Entry Point. Implementing Constraints. Design Templates for Other Techniques. 15. Association Patterns. Associative Type. Keyed Mapping. Historic Mapping. 16. Afterword. III. APPENDIX. Appendix A. Techniques and Notations. Type Diagrams. Interaction Diagrams. Event Diagrams. State Diagrams. Package Diagrams. Appendix B. Table of Patterns. Index. 0201895420T04062001
N‐cadherin regulates primary motor axon growth and branching during zebrafish embryonic development

N‐cadherin is a classical type I cadherin that contributes to the formation of neural circuits by regulating growth cone migration and the formation of synaptic contacts. This study analyzed the role of N‐cadherin in primary motor axons growth during development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. After exiting the spinal cord, primary motor axons migrate ventrally through a common pathway and form the first neuromuscular junction with the muscle pioneer cells located at the horizontal myoseptum, which serves as a choice point for cell‐type‐specific pathway selection. Analysis of N‐cadherin mutants (cdh2hi3644Tg) and embryos injected with N‐cadherin antisense morpholinos showed primary motor axons extending aberrant axonal branches at the choice point in ∼40% of the somitic hemisegments and an ∼150% increase in the number of branches per axon length within the ventral myotome. Analysis of individual axons trajectories showed that the caudal (CaP) and rostral (RoP) motor neurons axons formed aberrant branches at the choice point that abnormally extended in the rostrocaudal axis and ventrally to the horizontal myoseptum. Expression of a dominant‐interfering N‐cadherin cytoplasmic domain in primary motor neurons caused some axons to stall abnormally at the horizontal myoseptum and to impair their migration into the ventral myotome. However, in N‐cadherin‐depleted embryos, the majority of primary motor axons innervated their appropriate myotomal territories, indicating that N‐cadherin regulates motor axon growth and branching without severely affecting the mechanisms that control axonal target selection. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1797–1814, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Approximate Large-scale Multiple Kernel k-means Using Deep Neural Network

Multiple kernel clustering (MKC) algorithms have been extensively studied and applied to various applications. Although they demonstrate great success in both the theoretical aspects and applications, existing MKC algorithms cannot be applied to large-scale clustering tasks due to: i) the heavy computational cost to calculate the base kernels; and ii) insufficient memory to load the kernel matrices. In this paper, we propose an approximate algorithm to overcome these issues, and to make it be applicable to large-scale applications. Specifically, our algorithm trains a deep neural network to regress the indicating matrix generated by MKC algorithms on a small subset, and then obtains the approximate indicating matrix of the whole data set using the trained network, and finally performs the k-means on the output of our network. By mapping features into indicating matrix directly, our algorithm avoids computing the full kernel matrices, which dramatically decreases the memory requirement. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm consumes less time than most comparatively similar algorithms, while it achieves comparable performance with MKC algorithms.
Thomas-Fermi molecular-dynamics, linear screening, and mean-field theories of plasmas.

Since its introduction in 1985, {ital ab} {ital initio} molecular dynamics has played an important role in the analysis of ionic properties of condensed-matter systems. Extending this method to a Thomas-Fermi model for plasmas, the structure and diffusion constants from molecular-dynamics simulations of the hydrogen plasma are compared to the results of approximate theories of the same model.
Immunomodulatory Peptide from Cystatin, a Natural Cysteine Protease Inhibitor, against Leishmaniasis as a Model Macrophage Disease

ABSTRACT Cystatin, a natural cysteine protease inhibitor, has strong antileishmanial activity, which is due to its potential to induce nitric oxide (NO) generation from macrophages. Cysteine protease-inhibitory activity and NO-up-regulatory activity correspond to different regions, as revealed by the dissection of cystatin cDNA into nonoverlapping fragments. By using synthetic overlapping peptides, the NO-up-regulatory activity was found to be confined to a 10-mer sequence. In addition to having reasonable inhibitory effects on amastigote multiplication within macrophages (50% inhibitory concentration, 5.2 μg/ml), 97 and 93% suppression, respectively, of liver and spleen parasite burdens was achieved with the 10-mer peptide at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight/day, given consecutively for 4 days along with a suboptimal dose of gamma interferon in a 45-day mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. Peptide treatment modulated the levels of cytokine secretion by infected splenocytes, with increased levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and increased inducible NO synthase production, and also resulted in resistance to reinfection. The generation of a natural peptide from cystatin with robust immunomodulatory potential may therefore provide a promising therapeutic agent for macrophage-associated diseases.
Stability of carbon nanotubes under electron irradiation: Role of tube diameter and chirality

As recent experiments demonstrate, the inner shells of multiwalled carbon nanotubes are more sensitive to electron irradiation than the outer shells. To understand the origin of such counterintuitive behavior, we employ a density-functional-theory based tight-binding method and calculate the displacement threshold energies for carbon atoms in single-walled nanotubes with different diameters and chiralities. We show that the displacement energy and the defect production rate strongly depend on the diameter of the nanotube and its chirality, with the displacement energy being lower, but saturating towards the value for graphite when the tube diameter increases. This implies that the threshold electron energies to produce damage in nanotubes with diameters smaller than 1 nm are less than the commonly accepted value for graphitic nanoparticles. We also calculate the displacement energies for carbon atoms near defects and show that if a single vacancy is formed, it will likely be transformed to a double vacancy, as the nanotube atomic network with double vacancies has no energetically unfavorable undercoordinated atoms.
Quantification of a low cellular immune response to aid in identification of pediatric liver transplant recipients at high‐risk for EBV infection

Abstract: Objective: Uncontrolled EBV infection leading to lymphoproliferative disease is a significant cause of morbidity in pediatric orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients. Herein, we describe the use of a novel immune assay, which quantifies the lymphocyte immune response and correlates the value to risk for EBV infection.
THE DYNAMICAL STATE OF THE SERPENS SOUTH FILAMENTARY INFRARED DARK CLOUD

We present the results of N2H+ (J = 1–0) observations toward Serpens South, the nearest cluster-forming, infrared dark cloud. The physical quantities are derived by fitting the hyperfine structure of N2H+. The Herschel and 1.1 mm continuum maps show that a parsec-scale filament fragments into three clumps with radii of 0.1–0.2 pc and masses of 40–230 M☉. We find that the clumps contain smaller-scale (∼0.04 pc) structures, i.e., dense cores. We identify 70 cores by applying CLUMPFIND to the N2H+ data cube. In the central cluster-forming clump, the excitation temperature and line-width tend to be large, presumably due to protostellar outflow feedback and stellar radiation. However, for all the clumps, the virial ratios are evaluated to be 0.1–0.3, indicating that the internal motions play only a minor role in the clump support. The clumps exhibit no free fall but exhibit low-velocity infall, and thus the clumps should be supported by additional forces. The most promising force is the globally ordered magnetic field observed toward this region. We propose that the Serpens South filament was close to magnetically critical and ambipolar diffusion triggered the cluster formation. We find that the northern clump, which shows no active star formation, has a mass and radius comparable to the central cluster-forming clump and is therefore a likely candidate of a pre-protocluster clump. The initial condition for cluster formation is likely to be a magnetically supported clump of cold, quiescent gas. This appears to contradict the accretion-driven turbulence scenario, for which the turbulence in the clumps is maintained by the accretion flow.
Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of the Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) under single-task versus dual-task conditions for identifying elderly individuals who are prone to falling. SUBJECTS Fifteen older adults with no history of falls (mean age=78 years, SD=6, range=65-85) and 15 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the previous 6 months (mean age=86.2 years, SD=6, range=76-95) participated. METHODS Time taken to complete the TUG under 3 conditions (TUG, TUG with a subtraction task [TUGcognitive], and TUG while carrying a full cup of water [TUGmanual]) was measured. A multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The TUG was found to be a sensitive (sensitivity=87%) and specific (specificity=87%) measure for identifying elderly individuals who are prone to falls. For both groups of older adults, simultaneous performance of an additional task increased the time taken to complete the TUG, with the greatest effect in the older adults with a history of falls. The TUG scores with or without an additional task (cognitive or manual) were equivalent with respect to identifying fallers and nonfallers. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The results suggest that the TUG is a sensitive and specific measure for identifying community-dwelling adults who are at risk for falls. The ability to predict falls is not enhanced by adding a secondary task when performing the TUG.
INDOEX aerosol: A comparison and summary of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties observed from land, ship, and aircraft

converged on values of about 3.8 ± 0.3 m 2 g � 1 , providing a firm constraint upon the description and modeling of haze optical properties. MSE values trended lower with more dilute haze but became more variable in clean air or regions of low concentrations. This cross-platform comparison resolved a number of measurement differences but also revealed that regional characterization from different platforms results in differences linked to variability in time and space. This emphasizes the need to combine such efforts with coordinated satellite and modeling studies able to characterize large-scale regional structure and variability. These comparisons also indicate that ‘‘closure’’ between chemical, microphysical, and optical properties across platforms to better than about 20% will require significant improvements in techniques, calibration procedures, and comparison efforts. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0394 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Instruments and techniques; KEYWORDS: INDOEX, data comparison, optical properties, chemistry, microphysics, size distributions
From Kernels to Mixtures

Mixture models, which include kernel estimators, are used widely to model complex densities; however, one is faced with the challenge of determining an appropriate number of components. This task often involves identifying those components that are close enough to be combined. This article introduces a new easily calculated measure of similarity between pairs of densities and illustrates its use in recursively collapsing components. This similarity measure leads naturally to a new algorithm (IPRA) for fitting mixture models sequentially. The algorithm is used to test for bumps in galaxy star velocity data and to examine MRI data.
Research on two-stage planning method of electric vehicle charging station based on immune algorithm

With its popularization, electric vehicles have played a critical role of people's trip. Combined with the concept of chain of the travel, the charging demand of electric vehicles is predicted. On this basis, a multi-objective model for the optimal planning of EV charging station is developed with the purpose of maximizing the covering traffic flow and minimizing the loss of time during charging and maximizing the average utilization rate of charging stations. The immune algorithm is implyed to work out the model to choose the optimal solution. Finally, a scheme selection model is builded in the base of maximizing annual income of operators of charging stations to determine the best scheme. The results of the example showed that the proposed method, under the premise of considering interests of charging station operators and electric vehicle drivers, is effective for the site and location selection of charging station, to a certain extent, making up for the lack of other charging station optimization method.
Causal Evidence of Motion Signals in Macaque Middle Temporal Area Weighted-Pooled for Global Heading Perception

Accurate heading perception relies on visual information integrated across a wide field, that is, optic flow. Numerous computational studies have speculated how local visual information might be pooled by the brain to compute heading, but these hypotheses lack direct neurophysiological support. In the current study, we instructed human and monkey subjects to judge heading directions based on global optic flow. We showed that a local perturbation cue applied within only a small part of the visual field could bias the subjects' heading judgments, and shift the neuronal tuning in the macaque middle temporal (MT) area at the same time. Electrical microstimulation in MT significantly biased the animals' heading judgments predictable from the tuning of the stimulated neurons. Masking the visual stimuli within these neurons' receptive fields could not remove the stimulation effect, indicating a sufficient role of the MT signals pooled by downstream neurons for global heading estimation. Interestingly, this pooling is not homogeneous because stimulating neurons with excitatory surrounds produced relatively larger effects than stimulating neurons with inhibitory surrounds. Thus our data not only provide direct causal evidence, but also new insights into the neural mechanisms of pooling local motion information for global heading estimation.
Migration, Unemployment and Developmnent: A Two-Sector Analysis

Throughout mnany less developed economies of the world, especially those of tropical Africa, a curious economic phenomenon is presently taking place. Despite the existence of positive marginal products in agriculture and significant levels of urban unemployment, rural-urban labor migration not only continues to exist, but indeed, appears to be accelerating. Conventional economic models with their singular depeindence on the achievement of a full employment equilibrium through appropriate wage and price adjustments are hard put to provide rational behavioral explanations for these sizable and growing levels of urban unemployment in the absence of absolute labor redundancy in the economy as a whole. Moreover, this lack of an adequate analytical model to account for the unemployment phenomenon often leads to rather amorphous explaniations such as the "bright lights" of the city acting as a magnet to lure peasants into urban areas. In this paper we shall diverge from the usual full employment, flexible wage-price models of economic analysis by formulating a two-sector model of rural-urban migration which, among other things, recognizes the existence of a politically determined minimum urban wage at levels substantially higher than agricultural earnings. ' We shall then consider the effect of this parametric urban wage on the rural individual's economic behavior when the assumption of no agricultural labor surplus is made, i.e., that the agricultural marginal product is always positive and inversely related to the size of the rural labor force.2 The distinguishing feature of this model is that migration proceeds in response to urban-rural differences in expected earnings (defined below) with the urban employment rate acting as an equilibrating force on such migration.3 We shall then use the overall model for the following purposes: 1) to demonstrate that given this po-
Ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(Z)-(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate

The title compound, C19H17ClN2O5S, was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-mercapto-4-methyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in methanol. In the molecule, the nearly planar thiazole ring, with a mean deviation from the plane of 0.0108 (3) Å, is fused with a dihydropyrimidine ring in a flattened half-chair conformation.
Dopamine Effects on Human Error Processing Depend on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase VAL158MET Genotype

Brain dopamine (DA) has been linked to error processing. Because high and low (vs medium) prefrontal cortex (PFC) DA levels may facilitate D2-receptor-related modulations of PFC neural activation patterns, we hypothesized that high and low DA predicts increased error-specific transitions of PFC activity. Male human participants (n = 169) were genotyped for the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, associated with low (Val) and medium (Met) PFC DA levels. In addition, DRD2TaqIa and 5-HTTLPR, associated with striatal D2 receptor density and serotonin uptake, respectively, were assessed. Participants received placebo or a selective DA–D2 receptor blocker (sulpiride, 200 mg) and performed a Flanker task. EEG was recorded and decomposed into independent brain components (ICs) using independent component analysis. After errors, participants displayed (1) a negative deflection in ICs source-localized to the proximity of the anterior midcingulate cortex [IC-error-related negativity (IC-ERN)], (2) increased midcingulate cortex IC power in the delta/theta frequency range, and (3) slowing in the subsequent trial [posterror slowing (PES)]. Importantly, all, IC-ERN, delta/theta power, and PES were modulated by COMT × Substance interactions such that the Val allele predicted elevated IC-ERN, delta/theta power, and PES after placebo; this association was reversed under sulpiride. Because low doses of sulpiride presumably increase PFC DA levels, the COMT × Substance interaction supports the hypothesis that low (Val, placebo) and high (Met, sulpiride) versus medium (Val, sulpiride; Met, placebo) DA levels elevate reactivity to errors. Consistent with an influence of serotonin on PFC DA, the COMT × Substance interaction was modulated by 5-HTTLPR.
Assessment of thermal tissue ablation with MR elastography

An important part of thermal ablation therapy is the assessment of the spatial extent of tissue coagulation. In this work, the mechanical properties of thermally‐ablated tissue were quantitatively evaluated using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). This study shows that the mechanical properties of focused ultrasound ablated tissue are significantly different from normal tissue, and the difference can be imaged and measured using MRE. Repeated experiments revealed a reproducible pattern of tissue mechanical property change during thermal ablation in ex vivo bovine muscle. This pattern may reflect changes in intrinsic tissue structure and could be used to evaluate tissue coagulation during thermal ablation therapy. Magn Reson Med 45:80–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Improved Algorithm for Outbreak Detection in Multiple Surveillance Systems

In England and Wales, a large‐scale multiple statistical surveillance system for infectious disease outbreaks has been in operation for nearly two decades. This system uses a robust quasi‐Poisson regression algorithm to identify aberrances in weekly counts of isolates reported to the Health Protection Agency. In this paper, we review the performance of the system with a view to reducing the number of false reports, while retaining good power to detect genuine outbreaks. We undertook extensive simulations to evaluate the existing system in a range of contrasting scenarios. We suggest several improvements relating to the treatment of trends, seasonality, re‐weighting of baselines and error structure. We validate these results by running the existing and proposed new systems in parallel on real data. We find that the new system greatly reduces the number of alarms while maintaining good overall performance and in some instances increasing the sensitivity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.