Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Robot and Manipulation for Active-Locomotion With Targeted Drug Release

In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for targeted drug release based on active locomotion. The manipulating method is a magnetic torque control based on a rotating magnetic field using a three-axis Helmholtz coil system. The applied magnetic field creates two rolling (radial and longitudinal directions) and a rotating motion for active locomotion according to variations in the working space and robot posture. Two spiral components in the robot mechanism and the rotating motion completely conduct and control the drug release. Magnetic attractive force between the two spiral components prevents drug leakage during the movement for targeting. When the robot arrives at the destination, the robot switches the direction of the thrust force of the two spiral components to separate the robot body for the drug release. The thrust force for the drug release is higher than the magnetic attractive force. We verified the rapid active locomotion and targeted drug release using precise control through various experiments. In our assessment, the proposed robot mechanism can realize the role of a functional medical robot for therapy and diagnosis.
Delusions and Self-Esteem

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that the content of delusions and hallucinations is significantly influenced by subjects ' global self-esteem and by 5 specific areas of self-esteem. Method: The delusions and hallucinations of 40 psychotic patients were assessed by 2 independent raters for content indicative of positive or negative self-esteem and for the extent to which the delusional content would be self-enhancing (or diminishing) and comforting (or discomforting) to the subject. These ratings were correlated with the results of self-esteem inventories completed by the subjects. Results: The content of delusions reflects both global self-esteem and self-regard. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that 2 specific personality factors, global self-esteem and self-regard, are reflected in the content of delusions and influence whether those delusions are experienced as comfortable (or uncomfortable) and enhancing (or diminishing). Delusional content is therefore consistent with patients ' views of themselves, and this may partially account for the persistence of delusions.
Sparse model-based estimation of functional dependence in high-dimensional field and spike multiscale networks

Objective. Behavior is encoded across multiple scales of brain activity, from binary neuronal spikes to continuous fields including local field potentials (LFP). Multiscale models need to describe both the encoding of behavior and the conditional dependencies in simultaneously recorded spike and field signals, which form a high-dimensional multiscale network. However, learning spike-field dependencies in high-dimensional recordings is challenging due to the prohibitively large number of spike-field signal pairs, which makes standard learning techniques subject to overfitting. Approach. We present a sparse model-based estimation algorithm to learn these multiscale network dependencies. We develop a multiscale encoding model consisting of a point process model of binary spikes for each neuron whose firing rate is a function of the LFP network features and behavioral states. Doing so, spike-field dependencies constitute the model parameters to be learned. We resolve the parameter learning challenge by forming a constrained optimization problem to maximize the likelihood with an L1 penalty term that eases the detection of significant spike-LFP dependencies. We then apply the Akaike information criterion (AIC) to force a sparse number of nonzero dependency parameters in the model. Main results. We validate the algorithm using simulations and spike-field data from two non-human primates (NHP) in a 3D motor task with motor cortical recordings and a pro-saccade visual task with prefrontal recordings. We find that by identifying a model with a sparse set of dependency parameters, the algorithm improves spike prediction compared with models without dependencies. Further, the algorithm identifies significantly fewer dependency parameters compared with standard methods while improving their spike prediction likely due to detecting fewer spurious dependencies. Also, spike prediction on any electrode improves by including LFP features from all electrodes compared with using only those on the same electrode. Finally, unlike standard methods, the algorithm uncovers patterns of spike-field network dependencies as a function of distance, brain region, and frequency band. Significance. This algorithm can help study functional dependencies in high-dimensional spike-field networks and leads to more accurate multiscale encoding models.
A design procedure for three-stage operational amplifier using indirect compensation technique

This paper presents a design procedure for the operational amplifier (Opamp) using indirect compensation technique. It provides a step-by-step guideline for designing an operational amplifier. Then a three-stage Opamp has been designed as an example. This Opamp achieves an open loop gain above 90dB, 70MHz gain-bandwidth product (GBW) and 68° phase margin (PM) at large capacitive load CL of 30pF in a 0. 18μm CMOS technology. The supply voltage Opamp is 1.8V with the power dissipation of 826. 45μW.
Protein Kinase C Lambda Mediates Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a-Dependent Cortical Synaptic Plasticity and Pain Hypersensitivity

Chronic pain is a serious debilitating disease for which effective treatment is still lacking. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) has been implicated in nociceptive processing at both peripheral and spinal neurons. However, whether ASIC1a also contributes to pain perception at the supraspinal level remains elusive. Here, we report that ASIC1a in ACC is required for thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity associated with chronic pain. ACC-specific genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of ASIC1a reduced the probability of cortical LTP induction and attenuated inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in male mice. Using cell type-specific manipulations, we demonstrate that ASIC1a in excitatory neurons of ACC is a major player in cortical LTP and pain behavior. Mechanistically, we show that ASIC1a tuned pain-related cortical plasticity through protein kinase C λ-mediated increase of membrane trafficking of AMPAR subunit GluA1 in ACC. Importantly, postapplication of ASIC1a inhibitors in ACC reversed previously established nociceptive hypersensitivity in both chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain models. These results suggest that ASIC1a critically contributes to a higher level of pain processing through synaptic potentiation in ACC, which may serve as a promising analgesic target for treatment of chronic pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic pain is a debilitating disease that still lacks effective therapy. Ion channels are good candidates for developing new analgesics. Here, we provide several lines of evidence to support an important role of cortically located ASIC1a channel in pain hypersensitivity through promoting long-term synaptic potentiation in the ACC. Our results indicate a promising translational potential of targeting ASIC1a to treat chronic pain.
Oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins by radiolysis and by metal-catalyzed reactions.

Basic mechanisms that underlie the oxygen free radical-promoted oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues of proteins are derived from radiolysis studies. Results of these studies indicate that the most common pathway for the oxidation of simple aliphatic amino acids involves the hydroxyl radical-mediated abstraction of a hydrogen atom to form a carbon-centered radical at the alpha-position of the amino acid or amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain. Addition of O2 to the carbon-centered radicals leads to formation of peroxy radical derivatives, which upon decomposition lead to production of NH3 and alpha-ketoacids, or to production of NH3, CO2, and aldehydes or carboxylic acids containing one less carbon atom. As the number of carbon atoms in the amino acid is increased, hydrogen abstraction at other positions in the carbon chain becomes more important and leads either to the formation of hydroxy derivatives, or to amino acid cross-linked products as a consequence of carbon-centered radical recombination processes. alpha-Hydrogen abstraction plays a minor role in the oxidation of aromatic amino acids by radiolysis. Instead, the aromatic ring is the primary site of attack leading to hydroxy derivatives, to ring scission, and in the case of tyrosine to the formation of Tyr-Tyr cross-linked dimers. The basic pattern for the oxidation of amino acids by metal ion-catalyzed reactions (Fenton chemistry) is similar to the alpha-hydrogen abstraction pathway. But unlike the case of oxidation by radiolysis, this Fenton pathway is the major mechanism for the oxidation of all aliphatic amino acids, regardless of chain length, as well as for the oxidation of aromatic amino acids. Curiously, the Fe(III)-catalyzed oxidation of free amino acids is almost completely dependent upon the presence of bicarbonate ion, and is greatly stimulated by iron chelators at chelator/Fe(III) ratios less than 1.0, and is inhibited at chelator/Fe(III) ratios greater than 1.0. It is deduced that the most active catalytic complex is composed of two equivalents of HCO3-, an amino acid, and at least one equivalent of iron; however, two forms of iron, an iron-chelate and another form, must somehow be involved. In contrast to the situation with radiolysis, the aromatic rings of aromatic amino acids are only minor targets for metal-catalyzed reactions. All amino acid residues in proteins are subject to attack by hydroxyl radicals generated by ionizing radiation; however, the aromatic amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acids are most sensitive to oxidation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Establishing overlapped multihop clusters in wireless sensor networks

The past few years have witnessed increased interest in the potential use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in applications such as disaster management, combat field reconnaissance, border protection and security surveillance. Grouping nodes into clusters has been the most popular approach for achieving efficient and scalable performance in WSNs. Most of the published algorithms strive to partition the sensors into disjoint clusters. However, we argue that guaranteeing some degree of overlap among clusters can facilitate many applications, like intercluster routing, topology discovery and node localisation, recovery from Cluster Head (CH) failure, etc. We formulate the overlapping multihop clustering problem as an extension to the k-Dominating Set (KDS) problem. Then we propose Multihop Overlapping Clustering Algorithm (MOCA); a randomised distributed multihop clustering algorithm for organising the sensors into overlapping clusters. MOCA is validated in a simulated environment. The simulation results demonstrate that MOCA is scalable, introduces low overhead and produces approximately equal-sized clusters.
Unprecedented Diversity of Lactococcal Group 936 Bacteriophages Revealed by Amplicon Sequencing of the Portal Protein Gene

Lactococcus lactis is one of the most important bacteria in dairy fermentations, being used in the production of cheese and buttermilk. The processes are vulnerable to phage attacks, and undefined mixtures of lactococcal strains are often used to reduce the risk of bacteriophage caused fermentation failure. Other preventive measures include culture rotation to prevent phage build-up and phage monitoring. Phage diversity, rather than quantity, is the largest threat to fermentations using undefined mixed starter cultures. We have developed a method for culture independent diversity analysis of lytic bacteriophages of the 936 group, the phages most commonly found in dairies. Using, as a target, a highly variable region of the portal protein gene, we demonstrate an unprecedented diversity and the presence of new 936 phages in samples taken from cheese production. The method should be useful to the dairy industry and starter culture manufacturers in their efforts to reduce phage problems.
OWLC: A Contextual Two-Dimensional Web Ontology Language

Representing and reasoning on contexts is an open problem in the semantic web. Despite the fact that context representation has for a long time been treated locally by semantic web practitioners, a recognized and widely accepted consensus regarding the way of encoding and particularly reasoning on contextual knowledge has not yet been reached by far. In this paper, we present OWL^C : a contextual two-dimensional web ontology language. Using the first dimension, we can reason on contexts-dependent classes, properties, and axioms and using the second dimension, we can reason on knowledge about contexts which we consider formal objects, as proposed by McCarthy [McCarthy, 1987]. We demonstrate the modeling strength and reasoning capabilities of OWL^C with a practical scenario from the digital humanity domain. We chose the Ferdinand de Saussure [Joseph, 2012] use case in virtue of its inherent contextual nature, as well as its notable complexity which allows us to highlight many issues connected with contextual knowledge representation and reasoning.
Postprandial Lipemic Responses to Various Sources of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fat in Adults

Background: Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. However, the effects of different fat sources on PPL remain unclear. We aimed to determine the postprandial response in triglycerides (TG) to four dietary fat sources in adults. Methods: Participants completed four randomized meal trials. For each meal trial, participants (n = 10; 5M/5F) consumed a high-fat meal (HFM) (13 kcal/kg; 61% of total kcal from fat) with the fat source derived from butter, coconut oil, olive oil, or canola oil. Blood was drawn hourly for 6 h post-meal to quantify PPL. Results: Two-way ANOVA of TG revealed a time effect (p < 0.0001), but no time–meal interaction (p = 0.56), or meal effect (p = 0.35). Meal trials did not differ with regard to TG total (p = 0.33) or incremental (p = 0.14) area-under-the-curve. When stratified by sex and the TG response was averaged across meals, two-way ANOVA revealed a time effect (p < 0.0001), time–group interaction (p = 0.0001), and group effect (p = 0.048), with men exhibiting a greater response than women, although this difference could be attributed to the pronounced difference in BMI between men and women within the sample. Conclusion: In our sample of young adults, postprandial TG responses to a single HFM comprised of different fat sources did not differ.
CENTRE-BASED HARD CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS FOR Y-STR DATA

This paper presents Centre-based hard clustering approaches for clustering Y-STR data. Two classical partitioning techniques: Centroid-based partitioning technique and Representative object-based partitioning technique are evaluated. The k-Means and the k-Modes algorithms are the fundamental algorithms for the centroid-based partitioning technique, whereas the k-Medoids is a representative object- based partitioning technique. The three algorithms above are experimented and evaluated in partitioning Y-STR haplogroups and Y-STR Surname data. The overall results show that the centroid-based partitioning technique is better than the representative object-based partitioning technique in clustering Y- STR data.
Center of pressure profiles in unilateral compared to bilateral end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis patients

Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) compromises ankle joint stability in regards to static balance. Unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis patients often exhibit different limb‐loading patterns during static balance tasks. Symmetrical loading has been posited to improve balance performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify balance performance in both ankle osteoarthritis patient groups. Twenty‐two unilateral and twenty‐one bilateral ankle osteoarthritis patients performed three 10‐s quiet standing trials with their feet together. Ground reaction force data were collected from force platforms with one under each foot. Center of pressure excursion in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions as well as the resultant center of pressure were calculated using custom Matlab software. A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with Cohen's d were used to analyze the differences between groups (unilateral vs. bilateral) and between limbs (affected vs. unaffected) (α = 0.05). No significant differences were found between limbs or groups in either the anteroposterior or mediolateral direction for any measured variable. Though not statistically different, moderate to large effect sizes were observed for mean resultant distance between unilateral and bilateral (d = 0.096, d: 1.0) as well as anteroposterior excursion (p = 0.077, d: 1.731) and mean velocity (p = 0.084, d: 1.50) between affected and unaffected limbs. These large effect sizes suggested clinically relevant differences may exist, particularly in the anteroposterior direction. These findings may suggest that center of pressure is a better measure of postural strategy while center of mass measures may be more representative of postural steadiness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2749–2754, 2017.
Phylogenetic Characterization of the Palyam Serogroup Orbiviruses

The Palyam serogroup orbiviruses are associated with abortion and teratogenesis in cattle and other ruminants. Of the 13 different serotypes that have been identified, the full genome sequence of only one, Kasba, has been published. We undertook to perform Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analysis on 12 Palyam serotypes plus field isolates of the African serotypes in our possession. The Palyam serogroup was found to be most closely related to the African horse sickness virus group and showed the most distant evolutionary relationship to the equine encephalosis viruses (EEV). Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the gene encoding VP7 was the most conserved within serotypes and VP2 and VP5 showed the highest degree of variation. A high degree of sequence identity was found for isolates from the same geographical region. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two clades where the African serotypes were all very closely related in one clade and the other clade contained the Australian and Asian serotypes and one African serotype, Petevo. It was evident from the sequence data that the geographical origin of Palyam serogroup viruses played an important role in the development of the different serotypes.
A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for primary central nervous system lymphoma at 6p25.3 and 3p22.1: a LOC network study.

BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PCNSL is a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with over 95% of tumors belonging to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) group. We have conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on immunocompetent patients to address the possibility that common genetic variants influence the risk of developing PCNSL. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of two new genome-wide association studies of PCNSL totaling 475 cases and 1,134 controls of European ancestry. To increase genomic resolution, we imputed >10 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the 1000 Genomes Project combined with UK10K as reference. In addition we performed a transcription factor binding disruption analysis and investigated the patterns of local chromatin patterns by capture Hi-C data. RESULTS We identified independent risk loci at 3p22.1 (rs41289586, ANO10, P = 2.17 x 10-8) and 6p25.3 near EXOC2 (rs116446171, P = 1.95 x 10-13). In contrast the lack of an association between rs41289586 and DLBCL, suggests distinct germline predisposition to PCNSL and DLBCL. We found looping chromatin interactions between non-coding regions at 6p25.3 (rs11646171) with the IRF4 promoter and at 8q24.21 (rs13254990) with the MYC promoter, both genes with strong relevance to B-cell tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION To our knowledge this is the first study providing insight into the genetic predisposition to PCNSL. Our findings represent an important step in defining the contribution of common genetic variation to the risk of developing PCNSL.
Spectrum-aware jammer suppression using evanescent-mode cavity filters

This work presents the first spectrum-aware closed-loop tunable jammer suppression system, utilizing evanescent-mode cavity filters. The presented system automatically sweeps a bandstop filter (BSF) across its tuning range and detects the location of the jammer in the spectrum by reading the output power of the filter. Once the frequency of the jammer is detected, the BSF is automatically tuned to suppress it. The system operates in real-time as it does not require a special hardware to directly sense the filter's resonators. The system is implemented and tested under different frequency conditions. The tuning range is 1.8-2.16 GHz, and it can suppress jammers 20 MHz away from the signal by 41-45 dB using a three-pole BSF. This suppression is sufficient to bring the symbol recovery rate up to at least 99.9%, from less than 17% when no jammer suppression is employed. Error vector magnitudes are also experimentally studied for the 16 QAM modulation scheme that is used in the measurements.
5,5-Dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione, a Potent Inhibitor for Mammalian Elongase of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Family 6: Examination of Its Potential Utility as a Pharmacological Tool

Long-chain fatty acid elongases reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and are responsible for the rate-limiting step of the elongation of long-chain fatty acids. The elongase of long-chain fatty acids (ELOVL) family 6 (ELOVL6) is involved in the elongation of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. Increased expression of ELOVL6 in ob/ob mice suggests a role for ELOVL6 in metabolic disorders. Furthermore, ELOVL6-deficient mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, which suggests that ELOVL6 might be a new therapeutic target for diabetes. As reported previously, we developed a high-throughput screening system for fatty acid elongases and discovered lead chemicals that possess inhibitory activities against ELOVL6. In the present study, we examined in detail the biochemical and pharmacological properties of 5,5-dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione (Compound-A), a potent inhibitor of ELOVL6. In in vitro assays, Compound-A dose-dependently inhibited mouse and human ELOVL6 and displayed more than 30-fold greater selectivity for ELOVL6 over the other ELOVL family members. In addition, Compound-A effectively reduced the elongation index of fatty acids of hepatocytes, suggesting that Compound-A penetrates the cell wall and inhibits ELOVL6. More importantly, upon oral administration to mice, Compound-A showed high plasma and liver exposure and potently reduced the elongation index of the fatty acids of the liver. This is the first study to report a potent and selective inhibitor of mammalian elongases. Furthermore, Compound-A seems to be a useful tool to further understand the physiological roles of ELOVL6 and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of an ELOVL6 inhibitor.