Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protéomique et cancer du sein : en théorie et en pratique

Jusqu’aux annees 1980, l’essentiel de la recherche biologique a suivi un schema qualifie depuis d’hypothetico-deductif et reductif. Dans le champ de la biologie cancerologique, cela s’est traduit par l’etude au niveau proteique de facteurs individuels, pronostiques et/ou predictifs lies, dans la plupart des cas, a une hypothese biologique. Les outils utilisables en pratique clinique courante ne permettaient pas encore d’apprehender le caractere pleiomorphe, evolutif et instable des tumeurs. L’approche reductionniste et ponctuelle, consistant a isoler un parametre de son contexte alors qu’il existe, au sein de la tumeur, une accumulation d’alterations, est alors apparu sinon simpliste, du moins preliminaire et limitee. Les dernieres annees ont ete marquees par l’emergence du concept de biologie a grande echelle qui repose sur le postulat selon lequel les systemes biologiques sont des reseaux complexes, une etude a l’echelle la plus grande possible apportant forcement un surcroit de connaissances. La conceptualisation de cette approche a ete appliquee d’abord aux acides nucleiques, du fait de la maturite des outils utilises pour le clonage et le sequencage de l’ADN. Ils permettent, par exemple, l’analyse a grande echelle de profils d’expression de genes (biopuces a ADN ou ARN). Cependant, la “realite” cellulaire depend de l’emploi du repertoire constitue par le genome d’une cellule, en termes de choix de proteines exprimees, de niveaux d’expression des produits des genes, de modulation de la fonctionnalite des proteines (par des modifications posttraductionnelles par exemple) et, enfin, du fonctionnement des proteines sous forme de complexes multimoleculaires. Le genome est, par definition, statique alors que les proteines exprimees repondent aux conditions de l’endroit et du moment. L’etude des proteines est donc
Factors associated with pediatricians' participation in Medicaid in North Carolina.

OBJECTIVE To describe the relative importance of factors influencing pediatricians' participation in Medicaid in North Carolina. DESIGN Questionnaire survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Nonacademic primary care pediatricians in direct patient care at least 50% of the time; 332 (85%) of the 389 eligible pediatricians responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of pediatricians who restricted Medicaid patients' access to their practices. The association between restricting access and the following factors was assessed: Medicaid reimbursement, pediatricians' demographic characteristics, knowledge of the Medicaid program, attitudes toward Medicaid patients and the Medicaid program, and beliefs about whether other physicians were available to care for Medicaid patients. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of pediatricians restricted Medicaid patients' access to their practices. The proportion of pediatricians restricting access was 62% in cities, 13% in medium-sized towns, and 12% in small towns (P less than .001), but the proportion of pediatricians in cities who restricted access varied from 87% to 22%. Pediatricians who received a higher proportion of their usual fee were less likely to restrict Medicaid patients' access. The relationship between Medicaid payment and restricted access was substantially weakened after controlling for the following factors: (1) the size of the community, (2) pediatricians' attitudes toward Medicaid payment, (3) their perceptions that they were too busy to care for Medicaid patients, and (4) whether there were other resources for the care of Medicaid patients. At comparable levels of payment, rural pediatricians were about six times less likely than urban pediatricians to restrict access. Pediatricians who knew less about Medicaid reimbursement also restricted access more often. Whether or not they restricted access to new Medicaid patients, pediatricians provided acute, preventive, hospital, and emergency care to the Medicaid patients who were already in their practices. CONCLUSIONS Existing resources for the care of Medicaid patients, pediatricians' economic dependence on Medicaid, and the local norms of practice may be important factors in pediatricians' decision to participate in Medicaid. Increasing reimbursement will have only modest effects on Medicaid participation. Strategies to improve participation should also address pediatricians' knowledge of the Medicaid program and enlist the support of community physicians.
Brainwave Classification for Brain Balancing Index (BBI) via 3D EEG Model Using k-NN Technique

— In this paper, the comparison between k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithms for classifying the 3D EEG model in brain balancing is presented. The EEG signal recording was conducted on 51 healthy subjects. Development of 3D EEG models involves pre-processing of raw EEG signals and construction of spectrogram images. Then, maximum PSD values were extracted as features from the model. There are three indexes for balanced brain; index 3, index 4 and index 5. There are significant different of the EEG signals due to the brain balancing index (BBI). Alpha-α (8–13 Hz) and beta-β (13–30 Hz) were used as input signals for the classification model. The k-NN classification result is 88.46% accuracy. These results proved that k-NN can be used in order to predict the brain balancing application.
A stellar feedback origin for neutral hydrogen in high-redshift quasar-mass haloes

Observations of quasar pairs reveal that quasar host halos at z ~ 2 have large covering fractions of cool dense gas (≳ 60% for Lyman limit systems within a projected virial radius). Most simulations have so far failed to explain these large observed covering fractions. We analyze a new set of 15 simulated massive halos with explicit stellar feedback from the FIRE project, covering the halo mass range M_h ≈ 2 x 10^(12) - 10^(13) M_☉ at z = 2. This extends our previous analysis of the circum-galactic medium of high-redshift galaxies to more massive halos. Feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is not included in these simulations. We find covering fractions consistent with those observed around z ~ 2 quasars. The large HI covering fractions arise from star formation-driven galactic winds, including winds from low-mass satellite galaxies that interact with the cosmological infalling filaments in which they are typically embedded. The simulated covering fractions increase with both halo mass and redshift over the ranges covered, as well as with resolution. Our simulations predict that galaxies occupying dark matter halos of mass similar to quasars but without a luminous AGN should have Lyman limit system covering fractions comparable to quasars. This prediction can be tested by measuring covering fractions transverse to sub-millimeter galaxies or to more quiescent galaxies selected based on their high stellar mass.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phosphatidylethanol Increases the Plasma Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Objective—To study whether qualitative changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids mediate part of the beneficial effects of alcohol on atherosclerosis, we investigated whether phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in HDL particles affects the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from endothelial cells. Methods and Results—PEth increased the secretion of VEGF into the culture medium of EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation increased by 3.3-fold and protein kinase C (PKC) by 2.2-fold by PEth-containing HDL. Moreover, we showed that intravenous injection of PEth incorporated into HDL particles increased plasma concentration of VEGF by 2.4-fold in rats in vivo. Similar effect was observed when the rats were injected with HDL particles isolated from alcohol drinkers. Conclusions—HDL particles containing PEth affect endothelial cells by MAPK and PKC signaling. This may mediate the effects of ethanol on the arterial wall by increasing VEGF secretion from endothelial vascular cells. That may explain, at least in part, the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on atherosclerosis.
THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) Management Strategy for a More Sustainable and Productive Rice Sector

Increased and more stable rice yields contribute to food security while also allowing small-scale farmers to diversify their crop system. SRI rice panicles have fewer unfilled or broken grains which increases the amount of milled rice from harvested paddy by up to 15%. SRI methods also increase the micronutrient uptake by the plant, resulting in improved nutritional qualities in the grain. Beneficial nutrients such as Iron, Zinc, Copper and Manganese are all found to increase in SRI rice when compared with traditionally cultivated rice. Levels of heavy metals, such as arsenic and lead, are shown to decrease.
English-to-English Statistical Machine Translation : Why and How

Machine translation, the task of generating tools to translate or to help translate text from one natural language into another by means of a computerized system, has been the subject of intense research over the past five decades. It is one of the earliest proposed uses for the computer and, to date, one of the most dramatic failures of the field. From the beginning, computer scientists promised imminent perfect translation and have been consequently punished by grant committees for their failure to deliver (J. Pierce, 1966). In the past, techniques in machine translation followed the most popular techniques in artificial intelligence; it is not surprising, therefore, that for some time machine translation efforts were directed primarily in the construction of monolithic rule-based systems (Jordan & Benoit, 1999; D. J. Arnold, 1994). This effort in the research community continued until the turn-of-the-century, when it was abandoned with the advent of successful machine learning methods based on simple statistical models and large training sets.
On the Creation of Query Topics for ImageCLEFphoto

The selection of realistic and representative search requests (or topics) presents one of the most crucial challenges of benchmark creation: not only should these request be representative for the document collection used, but they should also reflect real user information needs, so that the effectiveness measured with the benchmark will correspond to that one might expect to obtain in a practical setting as well. In this paper, we present the methodology we used to develop the query topics for ImageCLEFphoto, a benchmark event for the evaluation of visual information retrieval from generic photographic collections: first, we carry out a log file analysis to establish a pool of realistic and representative topic candidates for the document collection in question. Based on these topic candidates, we then create a set of representative topics against a number of dimensions to provide an element of control of the topic selection and development processes, and we finally discuss the generation and translation of these topics as well as their distribution to the participants of ImageCLEFphoto.
Vaccination against ectoparasites

Ectoparasites of livestock are of great economic and social importance but their effective control remains difficult. The feasibility of vaccination as a novel control measure was established over a decade ago with the commercial release of a recombinant vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Since then, research has continued on ticks and other ectoparasites. While some ectoparasite species will undoubtedly be refractory to immunological control, for others there has been a steady accumulation of knowledge of partially protective antigens, now accelerating through the application of genomic technologies. Nevertheless, progress towards usable, commercially available vaccines has been limited by a number of factors. The number of highly effective antigens is still very small. Although some classes of antigen have been investigated in more detail than others, we have no systematic knowledge of what distinguishes an effective antigen. Much hope has been placed on the potential of multi-antigen mixtures to deliver the efficacy required of a successful vaccine but with little experimental evidence. The application of current knowledge across parasite and host species needs to be explored but little has been done. In most cases, the path to commercial delivery is uncertain. Although many constraints and challenges remain, the need for vaccines and our capacity to develop them can only increase.
Rayleigh fading effect reduction with wideband DS/CDMA signals

The authors present an analysis of the mitigation of the Rayleigh fading effect for wideband direct sequence pseudonoise signaling. The reduction of the Rayleigh fading effect is an advantage of code division multiple access (CDMA) over narrowband transmission systems and it eases the burden of CDMA power control. A general expression for the standard deviation of the received wideband signal power is derived. It is shown how the standard deviation decreases as the bandwidth spreading increases. The authors also analyzes the time correlation needed for other analyses (e.g., CDMA power control). <<ETX>>
Study of degradation by impulse having 4/10µs and 8/20µs waveform for MOVs (metal oxide varistors)

MOV technology is based on ceramics material science and its surge withstand capability is related to electrical or/and mechanical reasons. In addition, because DC, AC and various wave shapes based on the various standards are applied on MOVs, the degradation or failure analysis is very complicated. Therefore, the continuous study of mechanism of its degradation by surge is crucial. This study focused on the surge withstands capability of metal oxide various for 4/10μs, 8/20μs waveforms from varistor voltage change point of view. It was found that charge transfer value in an impulse per unit cross section area of MOVs is related to varistor voltage drop and its behaviour is different by waveforms. In order to find the reason, we estimated the impulse current flow distribution by identifying the parts having greater varistor voltage drop by spot electrode measurements and found that steep impulse is easy to flow in edge parts of a MOVs.
Worst-case Optimized V-BLAST Receiver Design for Imperfect MIMO Channels

V-BLAST systems require perfect knowledge of the channel at the receiver, which could be impractical in real world. The channel state information (CSI) that contains the unknown estimation error will hurdle the zero forcing based intersymbol interference nulling and symbol detection ordering in V-BLAST. This paper extends the V-BLAST scheme to the imperfect CSI under the assumption that the channel estimation errors are unknown and norm-bounded. The extension consists of novel worst-case optimized zero forcing nulling and symbol detection ordering. In each layer, the zero-forcing nulling is designed to minimize the worst case error power due to the imperfect channel estimation, while the order of symbol detection is organized to detect the symbol corresponding to the best worst-case postprocessing signal over interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We have shown in computer simulations that the proposed algorithm considerably outperforms the standard ZF V-BLAST in the worst case CSI, while making no significant degradation in non worst-case scenarios
Requirements for Maximal Enrichment of Viable Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum Rings by Saponin Hemolysis

The purpose of the present study was to confirm the effectiveness of saponin hemolysis for concentrating ring-infected erythrocytes in Plasmodium falciparum cultures and to determine the actual numbers of the enriched parasites, not just percentage parasitemia. This is important because various molecular biology and vaccine development against malaria require useable quantities of pure culture with minimal number of uninfected erythrocytes at all stages. Synchronized cultures of three P. falciparum strains were exposed to 0.015% isotonic saponin solution for 30 minutes on ice. They were centrifuged and the pellets were treated again with saponin solution for 3–7 minutes. Initially, most of the cultures contained approximately 1010 erythrocytes and 1–7% parasitemia, but at the end of the enrichment up to 108 of erythrocytes containing 90–99.8% parasitemia were recovered (maximal enrichment). From microscopic examination of the cells it was calculated that the hemolysis rate of uninfected and infected erythrocytes was circa 27 to 1, which could account for the enrichment. Studies by other investigators have suggested that P. falciparum merozoite invasion decreases erythrocyte membrane lipids, and it has been reported that reduction of membrane cholesterol could make erythrocytes saponin-resistant. The possibility that merozoite invasion made erythrocytes partially resistant to saponin hemolysis was strengthened by the observation that the proportions of multiple infections increased significantly in the enriched cultures. However, mature asexual parasites could not be concentrated by this method, suggesting possible differences between the membranes of erythrocytes containing ring forms and those of trophozoites and schizonts. Ring-infected erythrocytes freshly from malaria patients could also not be concentrated by the method described here, suggesting that the ability to induce saponin resistance in erythrocytes was acquired by the parasites in vitro.
Distinct RNP Complexes of Shuttling hnRNP Proteins with Pre-mRNA and mRNA: Candidate Intermediates in Formation and Export of mRNA

ABSTRACT Nascent pre-mRNAs associate with hnRNP proteins in hnRNP complexes, the natural substrates for mRNA processing. Several lines of evidence indicate that hnRNP complexes undergo substantial remodeling during mRNA formation and export. Here we report the isolation of three distinct types of pre-mRNP and mRNP complexes from HeLa cells associated with hnRNP A1, a shuttling hnRNP protein. Based on their RNA and protein compositions, these complexes are likely to represent distinct stages in the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling pathway of hnRNP A1 with its bound RNAs. In the cytoplasm, A1 is associated with its nuclear import receptor (transportin), the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein, and mRNA. In the nucleus, A1 is found in two distinct types of complexes that are differently associated with nuclear structures. One class contains pre-mRNA and mRNA and is identical to previously described hnRNP complexes. The other class behaves as freely diffusible nuclear mRNPs (nmRNPs) at late nuclear stages of maturation and possibly associated with nuclear mRNA export. These nmRNPs differ from hnRNPs in that while they contain shuttling hnRNP proteins, the mRNA export factor REF, and mRNA, they do not contain nonshuttling hnRNP proteins or pre-mRNA. Importantly, nmRNPs also contain proteins not found in hnRNP complexes. These include the alternatively spliced isoforms D01 and D02 of the hnRNP D proteins, the E0 isoform of the hnRNP E proteins, and LRP130, a previously reported protein with unknown function that appears to have a novel type of RNA-binding domain. The characteristics of these complexes indicate that they result from RNP remodeling associated with mRNA maturation and delineate specific changes in RNP protein composition during formation and transport of mRNA in vivo.
Un co rre cte d Pr oo f Prior Expectations Evoke Stimulus Templates in the Primary Visual Cortex

■ Sensory processing is strongly influenced by prior expectations. Valid expectations have been shown to lead to improvements in perception as well as in the quality of sensory representations in primary visual cortex. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of the expectations themselves. Previous studies have demonstrated increased activity in sensory cortex following the omission of an expected stimulus, yet it is unclear whether this increased activity constitutes a general surprise signal or rather has representational content. One intriguing possibility is that top–down expectation leads to the formation of a template of the expected stimulus in visual cortex, which can then be compared with subsequent bottom–up input. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI to noninvasively measure neural activity patterns in early visual cortex of human participants during expected but omitted visual stimuli. Our results show that prior expectation of a specific visual stimulus evokes a feature-specific pattern of activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) similar to that evoked by the corresponding actual stimulus. These results are in line with the notion that prior expectation triggers the formation of specific stimulus templates to efficiently process expected
MODIFICATION OF CURRENT A COALBED METHANE PERMEABILITY MODEL FOR HORIZONTAL STRAIN ONLY By Sawyer

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 COALBED METHANE PRODUCTION . 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT . 3 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE . 5 1.4 THESIS ORGANIZATION . 5 CHAPTER 2 – BACKGROUND . 7 2.1 INDRODUCTION . 7 2.2 COALBED RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS . 7 2.2.1 Origin of Methane and Other Gasses in Coal . 7 2.2.2 Physical Structure of Coal . 9 2.3 GAS STORAGE IN COALBED RESERVOIRS . 10 2.3. 1 Free Gas . 11 2.3. 2 Dissolved Gas . 11 2.3. 3 Adsorbed Gas . 11 2.3. 4 Langmuir Isotherm . 13 2.3. 5 Gas Mixtures in Coal . 14 2.4 GAS TRANSPORT IN COALBED RESERVOIRS . 15 2.4. 1 Desorption . 16 2.4. 2 Diffusion . 16 v 2.4. 3 Darcian Flow in Cleats . 18 2.4. 4 Stages of Gas Flow in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs . 18 2.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY . 21 CHAPTER 3 – LITERATURE REVIEW . 22 3.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STRONG GROUND MOTION ON ADAPAZARI BASIN DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI , TURKEY , EARTHQUAKE

The 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake brought serious damage to the downtown of Adapazari, Turkey. This implies that a deep ground structure may affect the distribution of strong ground motions. Several surveys have been performed to obtain the information of subsurface structure beneath the Adapazari basin. We proposed a model of 3D subsurface structure of the basin based on the survey results, which are refraction/reflection survey, gravity survey, microseism observations and aftershock records. The strong ground motions during the main shock are simulated by 3D finite-difference methods. The results of this simulation show that the ground motions at the downtown of Adapazari are significantly amplified by the basin-edge effect in comparison with the region between the downtown and the source fault.
RE-Net : A Character-Based Model Replicating R-Net

Contextual question answering is a problem that has garnered a lot of attention in the past few years, especially in the field of Natural Language Processing using deep learning techniques. The development of a model that can extract salient answers to a question from a large block of context text would be extremely valuable in streamlined information extraction. These kinds of question-answering models would be particularly useful in texts like legal documents or textbooks. The SQuAD Challenge is a relatively recent question-answering task that incentivizes the development of a model that approaches human-level performance. We propose an initial improvement on a baseline BiDAF model by adding a character-level embedding to the already existing word-level embedding. Additionally, we aim to use the self-matching attention and gated attention network incorporated by R-Net, which has been shown to be more effective than the standard BIDAF Model. Our contributions to this paper will be the combination of character-level embeddings with self-matching attention layers similar to that of R-Net in order to validate existing models on the SQuAD v2.0 dataset.