Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling Physiological and Pharmacological Control on Cell Proliferation to Optimise Cancer Treatments

This review aims at presenting a synoptic, if not exhaustive, point of view on some of the problems encountered by biologists and physicians who deal with natural cell proliferation and disruptions of its physiological control in cancer disease. It also aims at suggesting how mathematicians are naturally challenged by these questions and how they might help, not only biologists to deal theoretically with biological complexity, but also physicians to optimise therapeutics, on which last point the focus will be set here. To this purpose, mathematical modelling should represent proliferating cell population dynamics with natural built-in control targets (which implies modelling the cell division cycle), together with the distribution of drugs in the organism and their molecular actions on different targets at the cell level on proliferation, i.e., molecular pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of antiproliferative drugs. This should make possible optimal control of drug delivery with constraints to be determined according to the main pharmacological issues encountered in the clinic: unwanted toxic side-effects, occurrence of drug resistance. Mathematical modelling should also take into account physiological determinants of cell and tissue proliferation, such as intervention of the immune system, circadian control on cell cycle checkpoint proteins, and activity of intracellular drug processing enzymes together with individual variations in the activities of these proteins (genetic polymorphism). Taking these points into account will add to the rich scenery of normal or disrupted cell and tissue regulations, and their corrections by drugs, a natural environmental, whole body physiological, frame. It is necessary indeed to consider such a framework if one wants to eventually be actually helpful to clinicians who routinely treat by combinations of drugs living Humans with their complex whole body regulations, often dependent on genotypic variations, and not isolated cells or tissues.
Isolation and Characterization of Canthaxanthin Biosynthesis Genes from the Photosynthetic Bacterium Bradyrhizobiumsp. Strain ORS278

ABSTRACT A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster involved in canthaxanthin production was isolated from the photosyntheticBradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278. This cluster includes five genes identified as crtE, crtY,crtI, crtB, and crtW that are organized in at least two operons. The functional assignment of each open reading frame was confirmed by complementation studies.
Traffic-Balanced Topology-Aware Multiple Routing Adjustment for Throttled 3D NOC Systems

The thermal issue is important for 3D Network-on-Chip systems. To ensure the thermal safety, the near-overheat routers are throttled and the 3D topology becomes Non-Stationary Irregular Mesh (NSI-Mesh). To ensure the successful packet delivery in the NSI-Mesh, Transport Layer Assisted Routing (TLAR) scheme was proposed. It has better performance than the conventional routing approaches for NSI-Mesh. However, it still suffers significant traffic congestion in the bottom chip layer due to the insufficient lateral path diversities. To achieve more balanced traffic, we propose a Traffic-balanced Topology-aware Multiple Routing Adjustment (TTMRA). The experimental results show that the proposed TTMRA can improve 81.8% ~102.3% network throughput than TLAR scheme.
Neomorphic effects of the neonatal anemia (Nan-Eklf) mutation contribute to deficits throughout development

ABSTRACT Transcription factor control of cell-specific downstream targets can be significantly altered when the controlling factor is mutated. We show that the semi-dominant neonatal anemia (Nan) mutation in the EKLF/KLF1 transcription factor leads to ectopic expression of proteins that are not normally expressed in the red blood cell, leading to systemic effects that exacerbate the intrinsic anemia in the adult and alter correct development in the early embryo. Even when expressed as a heterozygote, the Nan-EKLF protein accomplishes this by direct binding and aberrant activation of genes encoding secreted factors that exert a negative effect on erythropoiesis and iron use. Our data form the basis for a novel mechanism of physiological deficiency that is relevant to human dyserythropoietic anemia and likely other disease states. Highlighted article: The Nan mouse contains a heterozygous mutation in Eklf/Klf1 that ectopically activates misexpressed genes, leading to intrinsic erythroid and systemic developmental deficits.
The Relationships Among Literacy, Church Activity and Religious Orientation: A Study of Adult Members of the LDS Church in Utah County

THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LITERACY, CHURCH ACTIVITY AND RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION: A STUDY OF ADULT MEMBERS OF THE LDS CHURCH IN UTAH COUNTY Bruce R. Brewer Department of Counseling Psychology Doctor of Philosophy The study assessed the interplay among literacy, church activity, and religious orientation and examined the extent to which literacy predicts church activity in the presence of private religious behavior. One hundred fifty-seven subjects were administered measures of intrinsic religiousness, extrinsic religiousness, literacy levels and measures of church activity. The findings from this study suggest that literacy is related to activity, but in a way that is more complex than many investigators have considered. The results of the multiple regression analysis helped clarify the ability of literacy to predict church activity in the presence of religious orientation. Results further indicated that in the presence of the others, only intrinsic religiosity maintained its significant predictive ability. Implications for research and theory are discussed.
Robust control of robots with variable joint stiffness

The development of safe and dependable robots for physical human-robot interaction requires both the mechanical design of lightweight and compliant manipulators and the definition of motion control laws that allow compliant behavior in reaction to possible collisions, while preserving accuracy and performance during the motion in the free space. For these motivations, great attention has been posed in the design of robots manipulators with relevant and programmable joint/transmission stiffness. A robust control strategy for a general class of multi-dof manipulators with variable joint stiffness is presented in this paper. The proposed control scheme is based on three elements: the first one compensates for the robot dynamics, the second one is based on a linear controller to impose a desired behavior, while a smooth sliding mode control action is added to ensure robustness with respect to model uncertainties. The stability of the overall system is studied by using the direct Lyapunov method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation analysis.
Using E-Mail Social Network Analysis for Detecting Unauthorized Accounts

In this paper we detail the use of e-mail social network anal- ysis for the detection of security policy violations on com- puter systems. We begin by formalizing basic policies that derive from the expected social behavior of computer users. We then extract the social networks of three organizations by analyzing e-mail server logs collected over several months and apply the policies to the resultant social network and identify subsequent policy violators. After closer examination of the outlier accounts, we find that a significant fraction of the suspect accounts were sup- posed to have been terminated long ago for a variety of reasons. Through the analysis and experiments presented in the paper, we conclude the analysis of social networks extracted from network logs can prove useful in a variety of traditionally hard to solve security problems, such as de- tecting insider threats.
Frequent activation of the β‐catenin gene in sporadic colorectal carcinomas: A mutational & expression analysis

β‐catenin (CTNNB1), an oncogene/onco‐protein and an adhesion molecule is a key effector in colorectal cancer (CRC). Its activation, and subsequent up‐regulation of Wnt‐signaling, is an important event in the development of certain human cancers including CRC. Mutations in the β‐catenin gene in the region of serine‐threonine glycogen kinase (GSK)‐3β phosphorylation target sites have been identified in colorectal cancer in humans. In the current study, we investigated 60 sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas along with adjoining and normal mucosa cases in humans for β‐catenin mutations. Thirteen of sixty colorectal tumors from humans had point mutations with a frequency of 21.66% at codons 24, 26, 27, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42,43, 46, 49, 54, 55, or 67 sites which are mutated in colorectal cancer and some of these sites in other cancers. Thus, there appears to be a key involvement of β‐catenin activation in human colorectal carcinogenesis. mRNA expression analysis using q‐Real Time PCR showed 21.5‐fold up‐regulation of β‐catenin mRNA in tumor tissue compared to normal and adjoining mucosa. Protein expression analysis using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot confirmed aberrant accumulation of β‐catenin protein along the nucleus and cytoplasm following mutation. The observed mutations and up‐regulation of mRNA in tumors, and the increased expression of β‐catenin protein in CRC suggest that these alterations are early and prognostic events in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis in humans. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and simulation analysis of polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Polarimetric SAR interferometry (POLINSAR) is a very promising technique by combining polarimetric technique and interferometric technique. It can be applied to the area of remote sensing and measurement of structure over forest terrain. At present, many POLINSAR systems were developed, and the first POLINSAR prototype in China is also developed by 38th Research Institute of CETC. Lots of data are acquired by these systems, so POLINSAR techniques have been studied as hot research topics in the area of SAR remote sensing in recent years. In this paper, we introduce design of the POLINSAR prototype and demonstration of system parameters, and we also study coherence and elevation precision by computer simulation.
Embedded web services for industrial TCP/IP services monitoring

In this paper we present an approach based on the use of embedded network devices for the deployment of small network services suitable for IT management in industrial and manufacturing environments. The novelty of the proposal resides in the fact that allows to unfold IT services that can be deployed without the need for specialized IT staff since the services in question have a zero maintenance design philosophy. They are presented under both conventional (client-server) and more open (SOA) standards, more specifically, as Web Services. To illustrate the specific the proposal, we have chosen as an example an embedded device able to monitor the correct operation of the applications and IT services located in the current manufacturing equipment and components.
Fast, Near-Optimal Computation for Multi-Robot Path Planning on Graphs

We report a new method for computing near optimal makespan solutions to multi-robot path planning problem on graphs. Our focus here is with hard instances - those with up to 85% of all graph nodes occupied by robots. Our method yields 100-1000x speedup compared with existing methods. At the same time, our solutions have much smaller and often optimal makespans.
Linear Codes over Finite Chain Rings

The aim of this paper is to develop a theory of linear codes over finite chain rings from a geometric viewpoint. Generalizing a well-known result for linear codes over fields, we prove that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between so-called fat linear codes over chain rings and multisets of points in projective Hjelmslev geometries, in the sense that semilinearly isomorphic codes correspond to equivalent multisets and vice versa. Using a selected class of multisets we show that certain MacDonald codes are linearly representable over nontrivial chain rings.
Factors affecting choice of speech over keyboard and mouse in a simple data-retrieval task

This paper describes some recent experiments that assess user mode selection behavior in amulti-modal environment inwhich actions can be performed with equivalent effect by speech, keyboard or scroller. Results indicate that users freely choose speech over other modalities, even when it is less efcient in objective terms, such as time-to-completion or input error. Additional evidence indicates that users appear to focus on simple input time in making their choice of mode, in effect minimizing the amount of personal effort expended.
Gait generation and sliding mode control design for anguilliform biomimetic robotic fish

In this paper 1, different locomotion patterns design and measures to resist parameter uncertainties are presented for a biomimetic robotic fish. The Anguilliform robotic fish consists of N links and N − 1 joints, and its dynamic model is given in previous work [1]. Using this model, three major gaits of Anguilliform fish—forward moving, backward moving and turning—are investigated. We find that by giving different reference angles of joints, such as adding reversed phase difference, or adding deflections to the original reference angles, the fish exhibits different locomotion patterns. Furthermore, we adopt sliding mode control (SMC) to attenuate the impact from parameter uncertainties. Results of numerical examples validate the effectiveness of SMC. Comparison of those results shows that SMC works better than traditional computed torque control when performing the tracking task in joint space.
Experimental elimination of parasites in nature leads to the evolution of increased resistance in hosts

A reduction in the strength of selection is expected to cause the evolution of reduced trait expression. Elimination of a parasite should thus cause the evolution of reduced resistance to that parasite. To test this prediction in nature, we studied the fourth- and eighth-generation descendants of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) introduced into four natural streams following experimental elimination of a common and deleterious parasite (Gyrodactylus spp.). After two generations of laboratory rearing to control for plasticity and maternal effects, we infected individual fish to assess their resistance to the parasite. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the introduced guppy populations had rapidly and repeatably evolved increased resistance to the now-absent parasite. This evolution was not owing to a resistance-tolerance trade-off, nor to differences in productivity among the sites. Instead, a leading candidate hypothesis is that the rapid life-history evolution typical in such introductions pleiotropically increases parasite resistance. Our study adds a new dimension to the growing evidence for contemporary evolution in the wild, and also points to the need for a re-consideration of simple expectations from host–parasite theory. In particular, our results highlight the need for increased consideration of multiple sources of selection and pleiotropy when studying evolution in natural contexts.
Liver Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis, Triglyceride Clearance, and Regulation of Body Fat Mass*

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that mediates the antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones. PPARγ is present in adipose tissue and becomes elevated in fatty livers, but the roles of specific tissues in thiazolidinedione actions are unclear. We studied the function of liver PPARγ in both lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F-1 (AZIP) and wild type mice. In AZIP mice, ablation of liver PPARγ reduced the hepatic steatosis but worsened the hyperlipidemia, triglyceride clearance, and muscle insulin resistance. Inactivation of AZIP liver PPARγ also abolished the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rosiglitazone, demonstrating that, in the absence of adipose tissue, the liver is a primary and major site of thiazolidinedione action. In contrast, rosiglitazone remained effective in non-lipoatrophic mice lacking liver PPARγ, suggesting that adipose tissue is the major site of thiazolidinedione action in typical mice with adipose tissue. Interestingly, mice without liver PPARγ, but with adipose tissue, developed relative fat intolerance, increased adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Thus, liver PPARγ regulates triglyceride homeostasis, contributing to hepatic steatosis, but protecting other tissues from triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance.
An investigation of individual differences in diffusion of attention and the attentional blink

When identifying two targets in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), accuracy on the second target is reduced if presented shortly after the first target -an attentional blink (AB). Some individuals appear to be immune to the AB, whereas others are variously susceptible to this effect. Recent studies suggest that when a broadened or diffused attentional state is induced, the AB can be attenuated. Therefore, in the current study, individual differences in diffusion of attention and processing speed as assessed by a variety of cognitive tasks (e.g., global/local task) were examined in order to determine whether these differences could predict AB magnitude. Performance on the global/local task predicted AB magnitude in a manner suggesting that dispositional diffusion of attention reduces the AB, however measures of processing speed predicted target accuracy, but not AB magnitude, providing evidence for the dissociability of these measures. Finally, performance on other tasks thought to provide indices of diffusion did not relate to performance on the AB task, as was the case for measures of personality and affect that were expected to relate to diffusion of attention and hence to the AB. Results are discussed in terms of the need for a more finely honed account of the construct of diffusion.
FLAX: Systematic Discovery of Client-side Validation Vulnerabilities in Rich Web Applications

The complexity of the client-side components of web applications has exploded with the increase in popularity of web 2.0 applications. Today, traditional desktop applications, such as document viewers, presentation tools and chat applications are commonly available as online JavaScript applications. Previous research on web vulnerabilities has primarily concentrated on flaws in the server-side components of web applications. This paper highlights a new class of vulnerabilities, which we term client-side validation (or CSV) vulnerabilities. CSV vulnerabilities arise from unsafe usage of untrusted data in the client-side code of the web application that is typically written in JavaScript. In this paper, we demonstrate that they can result in a broad spectrum of attacks. Our work provides empirical evidence that CSV vulnerabilities are not merely conceptual but are prevalent in today’s web applications. We propose dynamic analysis techniques to systematically discover vulnerabilities of this class. The techniques are light-weight, efficient, and have no false positives. We implement our techniques in a prototype tool called FLAX, which scales to real-world applications and has discovered 11 vulnerabilities in the wild so far.
Capacity study of distributed beamforming in relation to constrained backbone communication

We investigate the capacity of a downlink channel, where all adjacent base stations are connected via capacity-constrained backbone links to transmit a message to one receiver. For the additive Gaussian case, such a virtual multiple-in single-out channel realizes the distributed transmit beamforming. Based on the model of the multiple-access channel (MAC) with partially cooperating encoders, the capacity results are first derived for the two-encoder and three-encoder settings and then extended to arbitrary N-encoder settings. By focusing on Gaussian MACs, a concept of working mode is developed to demonstrate the optimal cooperation between encoders when the total transmit power and total backbone capacity are limited at same time. By studying a massive beamforming where numerous encoders are engaged, our study reveals that a linear growth of beamforming capacity requires an exponential growth in total backbone capacity.
Further evidence associating IgG1, but not IgG2, with susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection

We present here a cross-sectional study analyzing the IgG1 and IgG2 immune responses to natural canine Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection and their relationships with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in 50 mongrel dogs with previous positive serodiagnoses (IFAT-IgG) (56% with subclinical status [= apparently healthy] and 44% clinically sick), living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon. IgG1 and IgG2 responses were measured using commercial polyclonal antibodies in ELISA, while DTH was elicited by intradermal skin test using cultured promastigotes L. (L.) i. chagasi-antigen. Data analyses used Chi-square and Pearson's r coefficient (95% confidence interval). Regarding DTH and the clinical statuses of dogs, it was noted that 100% of the animals showing positive DTH (n = 8) were from the subclinical group, while 100% showing negative DTH were from the clinically sick group; higher IgG2 than IgG1 responses were observed in both clinical groups. However, when this comparison was made between the subclinical and sick groups, higher IgG1 responses were noted in the dogs from the sick rather than the subclinical group, while no differences were noted between the IgG2 responses in the dogs from both clinical groups. Additionally, we found lower IgG1 responses in dogs from the subclinical group showing positive DTH than in the dogs from the subclinical or sick groups with negative DTH; no differences were found between the IgG2 responses of these two clinical groups. These findings suggest that the IgG1, but not the IgG2, response is associated with susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).
Documentation and the users of digital resources in the humanities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of documentation for digital humanities resources. This includes technical documentation of textual markup or database construction, and procedural documentation about resource construction.Design/methodology/approachA case study is presented of an attempt to reuse electronic text to create a digital library for humanities users, as part of the UCIS project. The results of qualitative research by the LAIRAH study on provision of procedural documentation are discussed, as also is, user perception of the purpose, construction and usability of resources collected using semi‐structured interviews and user workshops.FindingsIn the absence of technical documentation, it was impossible to reuse text files with inconsistent markup (COCOA and XML) in a Digital Library. Also, although users require procedural documentation, about the status and completeness of sources, and selection methods, this is often difficult to locate.Practical implicationsCreators of digital humanities resources should provide both technical and procedural documentation and make it easy to find, ideally from the project web site. To ensure that documentation is provided, research councils could make documentation a project deliverable. This will be even more vital once the AHDS is no longer funded to help ensure good practice in digital resource creation.Originality/valuePrevious work has argued that documentation is important. However, the paper presents actual evidence of the problems caused by a lack of documentation and shows that this makes reuse of digital resources almost impossible. This is intended to persuade project creators who wish resources to be reused to provide documentation about its contents and technical specifications.