Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Juridification of educational spheres: The case of Sweden

Abstract This article takes the interlinkages between law and politics as its starting point. It analyzes recent changes in the legislative style of education governance in Sweden as not only a species of crisis management, but also a long-term response to a series of tensions arising out of the push toward what has been identified as ‘juridification’ in many Western nations—the reliance on law and judicial means for addressing core moral predicaments, public policy questions, and political controversies. The article outlines the notion of juridification at a theoretical level and highlights juridification processes and their possible ramifications on education. It argues that recent changes in the legislative style of education governance in Sweden not only reveal much about the commitments and implicit assumptions of modern regulatory and evaluative regimes, but also reflect the general impact of the rationalization of social and political life on the organization of government. The article provides a case with which to examine some of the theoretical underpinnings and implicit conceptual assumptions of modern regulatory and evaluative regimes as well as educational institutions’ relationships with the State. It shows that regulatory frameworks define the conceptualizations of what educational institutions do and thus of what actually gets done.
Effect of the One-Child Policy on Influenza Transmission in China: A Stochastic Transmission Model

Background China's one-child-per-couple policy, introduced in 1979, led to profound demographic changes for nearly a quarter of the world's population. Several decades later, the consequences include decreased fertility rates, population aging, decreased household sizes, changes in family structure, and imbalanced sex ratios. The epidemiology of communicable diseases may have been affected by these changes since the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases depend on demographic characteristics of the population. Of particular interest is influenza because China and Southeast Asia lie at the center of a global transmission network of influenza. Moreover, changes in household structure may affect influenza transmission. Is it possible that the pronounced demographic changes that have occurred in China have affected influenza transmission? Methods and Findings To address this question, we developed a continuous-time, stochastic, individual-based simulation model for influenza transmission. With this model, we simulated 30 years of influenza transmission and compared influenza transmission rates in populations with and without the one-child policy control. We found that the average annual attack rate is reduced by 6.08% (SD 2.21%) in the presence of the one-child policy compared to a population in which no demographic changes occurred. There was no discernible difference in the secondary attack rate, −0.15% (SD 1.85%), between the populations with and without a one-child policy. We also forecasted influenza transmission over a ten-year time period in a population with a two-child policy under a hypothesis that a two-child-per-couple policy will be carried out in 2015, and found a negligible difference in the average annual attack rate compared to the population with the one-child policy. Conclusions This study found that the average annual attack rate is slightly lowered in a population with a one-child policy, which may have resulted from a decrease in household size and the proportion of children in the population.
Be loyal but not addicted: Effect of online game social migration on game loyalty and addiction

To increase game loyalty but decrease game addiction, this study examines online game social migration and tests the mediating effects of offline social value and maladaptive cognition on the basis of the theory of consumption value and the cognitive behavioral model of pathological Internet use. The results are as follows: (i) Overall, online game social migration is associated with greater game loyalty and less game addiction; (ii) The positive association between online game social migration and game loyalty was mediated by offline social value; and (iii) Online game social migration is associated with lower game addiction. This paper provides a new perspective (taking into account both business interests and players' psychological health) for online game research and also offers practical guidance for cooperation between game companies and the public. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of neonatal mortality in rural India, 2007–2008

Background. Despite the growing share of neonatal mortality in under-5 mortality in the recent decades in India, most studies have focused on infant and child mortality putting neonatal mortality on the back seat. The development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to reduce neonatal mortality warrants an examination of factors affecting it. Therefore, this study attempt to examine individual, household, and community level factors affecting neonatal mortality in rural India. Data and methods. We analysed information on 171,529 singleton live births using the data from the most recent round of the District Level Household Survey conducted in 2007–08. Principal component analysis was used to create an asset index. Two-level logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors associated with neonatal deaths in rural India. Results. The odds of neonatal death were lower for neonates born to mothers with secondary level education (O R = 0.60, p = 0.01) compared to those born to illiterate mothers. A progressive reduction in the odds occurred as the level of fathers’ education increased. The odds of neonatal death were lower for infants born to unemployed mothers (O R = 0.89, p = 0.00) compared to those who worked as agricultural worker/farmer/laborer. The odds decreased if neonates belonged to Scheduled Tribes (O R = 0.72, p = 0.00) or ‘Others’ caste group (O R = 0.87, p = 0.04) and to the households with access to improved sanitation (O R = 0.87, p = 0.02), pucca house (O R = 0.87, p = 0.03) and electricity (O R = 0.84, p = 0.00). The odds were higher for male infants (O R = 1.21, p = 0.00) and whose mother experienced delivery complications (O R = 1.20, p = 0.00). Infants whose mothers received two tetanus toxoid injections (O R = 0.65, p = 0.00) were less likely to die in the neonatal period. Children of higher birth order were less likely to die compared to first birth order. Conclusion. Ensuring the consumption of an adequate quantity of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections by pregnant mothers, targeting vulnerable groups like young, first time and Scheduled Caste mothers, and improving overall household environment by increasing access to improved toilets, electricity, and pucca houses could also contribute to further reductions in neonatal mortality in rural India. Any public health interventions aimed at reducing neonatal death in rural India should consider these factors.
The Effect of Interpersonal Affect on Performance Ratings: Is It Real or Spurious?

Despite the growing recognition among researchers of the potentially important role that interpersonal affect plays in performance appraisals, it is not clear whether the effect of interpersonal affect is real or attributable to unobserved ratee characteristics. Using a fixed effects model, I find that the effect of interpersonal affect on ratings is significant and independent of unobserved ratee characteristics. These results suggest that interpersonal affect should be treated as a separate and important factor in performance appraisals.
Attrition from School-Based Behavioral Parent Training Programs A Meta-Analytic Review

Currently, very little is understood regarding the effectiveness of school-based Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) programs or associated attrition rates. The goal of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of school-based BPT programs, associated attrition rates, and possible moderator variables related to attrition. Searches within the databases EBSCOhost were conducted to find BPT programs located at schools as well as the associated attrition rates for each individual study. Mean associated attrition rates were calculated using the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. The mean weighted attrition rate across all trials of school-based studies was 42.2%. Significant moderators were also found to increase the risk of attrition in this study. For instance, interventions that were preventative or delivered at a Tier I level, were individually delivered, involved participants from non-disadvantaged backgrounds and targeted behaviors classified as mixed/comorbid. Additionally, the number of sessions and the average age of child/parent moderated the weighted associated attrition rate. Insignificant results were found for program provider and caregiver attending. Comparisons between results from this study and the clinic-based literature are discussed as well as directions for future research.
The impact of bookmarks and annotations on refinding information

Refinding information has been interwoven with web activity since its early beginning. Even though all common web browsers were equipped with a history list and bookmarks early enough to facilitate this need, most users typically use search engines to refind information. However, both bookmarks and search based tools have significant limitations that impact their usability: the former are known to be hard to manage over the course of time, whereas the latter require the user to recall a specific combination of keywords or context. Most importantly, though, both are particularly inappropriate in cases where a piece of information is contained within an unstructured web page. In this paper, we present in-context annotation as a more efficient alternative to these methodologies. To verify this claim, we conducted a study in which we compare the performance of experienced users in all three approaches while revisiting specific pieces of information in the web after a long period of time. The outcomes suggest that in-context annotation clearly outperforms both traditional strategies.
Applications Classification and Scheduling on Heterogeneous HPC Systems Using Experimental Research

Heterogeneous high-performance computing (HPC) systems have been proposed as a power efficient alternative to traditional homogeneous systems. In heterogeneous HPC system, fast CPUs which have complex pipelines, high clock frequencies as well as high power consumption are combined with slow ones which have simple pipelines, low clock frequencies as well as low power consumption. Different types of applications should be distributed to run on different type of CPUs, in order to achieve a trade-off between energy and performance. In this paper, we use experimental research to investigate the applications classifications which categorize each application as the CPU-intensive, memory-intensive, or phase-change application. We also conduct some experiments to measure the current, power, and energy of different types of applications. Afterwards, a scheduling method for applications on heterogeneous HPC systems is proposed. The experiment shows that the scheduling method can trade off the latency and energy consumption based on the applications classification and measurement.
Evaluation of Different Approaches to Training a Genre Classifier

This paper presents experiments on classifying web pages by genre. Firstly, a corpus of 1539 manually labeled web pages was prepared. Secondly, 502 genre features were selected based on the literature and the observation of the corpus. Thirdly, these features were extracted from the corpus to obtain a data set. Finally, three machine learning algorithms, one for induction of decision trees (J48) and two ensemble algorithms (bagging and boosting), were trained and tested on the data set. Additionally, impact of feature selection on ensemble algorithms was tested. The best performed genre classifiers in terms of precision were selected to obtain the best of set of classifiers. On average the best of set achieved 9% better precision, but slightly worse recall. Accuracy and F-measure did not vary significantly. The results indicate that classification by genre could be a useful addition to search engines.
The inferior temporal cortex : Architecture , computation , and representation

Neurons in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), an area crucially involved in visual object recognition in monkeys, show the visual response properties and anatomical/chemical nature which are distinct from those in the cortical areas that feed visual inputs to the IT. Earlier physiological studies showed that IT neurons have large receptive fields covering the center and contralateral (often bilateral) visual fields, stimulus selectivity for images of complex objects or shapes, and translation invariance of the stimulus selectivity. Recent studies have revealed new aspects of their properties such as invariant selectivity for shapes despite drastic changes in various physical attributes of stimuli, latent excitatory inputs masked by stimulus-specific GABAergic inhibition, selectivity for binocular disparity and 3-dimensional surface structures, profound effects of learning on the stimulus selectivity, and columnar clustering of neurons with similar stimulus selectivity for shapes and other object features. Another line of research using histological techniques have revealed that pyramidal neurons in the IT are larger in the size of dendritic arbors, in the number of dendritic branches and spines, and in the size and distribution of horizontal axonal arbors than those in the earlier areas, allowing them to integrate a larger population of afferents and process more diverse inputs. The concentration of several neurochemicals including those related to synaptic transmission or plasticity changes systematically towards the IT along the occipitotemporal pathway. Many of the characteristics of IT neurons parallel or explain certain aspects of visual object perception, although the behavioral relevance has yet to be addressed experimentally.
ATLAS: A Scalable Emulator for Transactional Parallel Systems

With uniprocessor systems running into instruction-level parallelism (ILP) limits and fundamental VLSI constraints, multiprocessor architectures provide a realistic path towards scalable performance. Nevertheless, the key factors limiting the potential of multiprocessor systems are the difficulty of parallel application development and the hardware complexity of large-scale systems. Several groups have recently proposed parallel software and hardware based on the concept of transactions as a novel approach for addressing the problems of multiprocessor systems [16]. Transactions have the potential to simplify parallel programming by eliminating the need for manual orchestration of parallel tasks using locks and messages [5]. Transactions have the potential to improve parallel hardware by allowing for speculative parallelism and increasing the granularity of the coherence and consistency protocols [4].
A Homolog of Ste6, the a-Factor Transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Is Required for Mating but Not for Monokaryotic Fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans

ABSTRACT Fungal pheromones function during the initial recognition stage of the mating process. One type of peptide pheromone identified in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes terminates in a conserved CAAX motif and requires extensive posttranslational modifications to become mature and active. A well-studied representative is the a-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike the typical secretory pathway utilized by most peptides, an alternative mechanism involving the ATP-binding cassette transporter Ste6 is used for the export of mature a-factor. Cryptococcus neoformans, a bipolar human pathogenic basidiomycete, produces CAAX motif-containing lipopeptide pheromones in both MATa and MATα cells. Virulence studies with a congenic pair of C. neoformans serotype D strains have shown that MATα cells are more virulent than MATa cells. Characterization of the MATα pheromones indicated that an autocrine signaling loop may contribute to the differentiation and virulence of MATα cells. To further address the role of pheromones in the signaling loop, we identified a STE6 homolog in the C. neoformans genome and determined its function by gene disruption. The ste6 mutants in either mating-type background showed partially impaired mating functions, and mating was completely abolished in a bilateral mutant cross. Surprisingly, the MATα ste6 mutant does not exhibit a defect in monokaryotic fruiting, suggesting that the activation of the autocrine signaling loop by the pheromone is via a Ste6-independent mechanism. MFα pheromone itself is essential for this process and could induce the signaling response intracellularly in MATα cells. Our data demonstrate that Ste6 is evolutionarily conserved for mating and is not required for monokaryotic fruiting in C. neoformans.
On the applicability of random mobility models for swarm robot movements

Random mobility models have been traditionally used to represent cellular or ad hoc movement patterns for PDA and laptop users. These models are critical for network traffic and protocol analysis. As robotics move to a paradigm where wireless network protocols are being utilized, it is unclear whether the same mobility models are applicable for analyzing these wireless network protocols. This thesis examines the similarity and differences between the traditional random mobility models and the mobility patterns exhibited by a team of randomly moving robots. Though the movements are driven by the same random functions, the robots need to detect and avoid collisions. Results obtained over different scenarios help establish a better understanding of how to develop mobility models representative of robot movements.
Study on the activity of the signaling pathways regulating hepatocytes from G0 phase into G1 phase during rat liver regeneration

Under normal physiological conditions, the majority of hepatocytes are in the functional state (G0 phase). After injury or liver partial hepatectomy (PH), hepatocytes are rapidly activated to divide. To understand the mechanism underlying hepatocyte G0/G1 transition during rat liver regeneration, we used the Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array to determine the expression changes of genes, then searched the GO and NCBI databases for genes associated with the G0/G1 transition, and QIAGEN and KEGG databases for the G0/G1 transition signaling pathways. We used expression profile function (Et) to calculate the activity level of the known G0/G1 transition signal pathways, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0 (IPA) to determine the interactions among these signaling pathways. The results of our study show that the activity of the signaling pathways of HGF, IL-10 mediated by p38MAPK, IL-6 mediated by STAT3, and JAK/STAT mediated by Ras/ERK and STAT3 are significantly increased during the priming phase (2–6 h after PH) of rat liver regeneration. This leads us to conclude that during rat liver regeneration, the HGF, IL-10, IL-6 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways play a major role in promoting hepatocyte G0/G1 transition in the regenerating liver.
Activity Recognition and Room-Level Tracking in an Office Environment

We present an approach for multi-person activity recognition in an office environment with simultaneous tracking of users on the room-level. Audio as well as video features, gathered from a simple setup, are used to employ a multilevel hidden Markov model (HMM) framework. Evaluation on unconstrained real world data recorded on several days in five offices with one camera and one microphone per room is presented for activity recognition. We track the users by a distributed camera network which has to cope with blind gaps between different camera views. For location estimation, we apply a Bayesian filter on top of the activity recognition results. Results on a dedicated tracking sequence of one hour length show the algorithm's performance
Oncotargets and Therapy Dovepress Dovepress Polymorphism in Mir-146a Associated with Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant Oxaliplatin and Fluoropyrimidines

Purpose: Polymorphism in miR-146a (rs2910164) has been reported to be associated with gastric cancer risk in the Chinese population. We aimed at evaluating the relationship between rs2910164 and the clinical characteristics and outcomes in stage IB–III gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. Materials and methods: Ninety-eight patients with stage IB–III gastric cancer treated with surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines were included in the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of all patients. Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to determine the genotypes. Results: The 2-year disease-free survival rate was 63%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 73.4%. In dominant model, we found that rs2910164 GC + CC (G: guanine, C: cytosine) genotype carriers were less likely to develop lymph node metastasis (P=0.059). The 3-year OS was significantly different for patients with or without lymph node metastasis (89. were found to be independent prognostic factors for these patients. Conclusion: rs2910164 could be associated with the lymph node metastasis and prognosis of Chinese gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines after surgical resection.
MMC04-2: On Improving the Throughput of Media Delivery Applications in Heterogeneous Overlay Network

Overlay multicast is becoming increasingly popular for multimedia delivery over Internet. The available bandwidths between sender and different receivers are generally heterogeneous. In this paper, we propose a scheme to improve the throughput of a media delivery session with heterogeneous receivers by organizing the receivers into layered data distribution meshes and sending substreams to each mesh using layered coding. Our solution utilizes alternative paths and network coding in each mesh. We first formulate the problem into a mathematical programming, whose optimal solution requires global information. We therefore present a distributed heuristic algorithm. The heuristic progressively organizes the receivers into layered meshes. Each receiver can subscribe to a proper number of meshes to maximize its throughput by fully utilizing its available bandwidth. The benefits of organizing the topology into layered mesh and using network coding are demonstrated through extensive simulations. Numerical results indicate that the average throughput of a media delivery session is significantly improved.
The Kuiper Belt and the Primordial Evolution of the Solar System

We discuss the structure of the Kuiper belt as it can be inferred from the first decade of observations. In particular, we focus on its most intriguing properties — the mass deficit, the inclination distribution, and the apparent existence of an outer edge and a correlation among inclinations, colors, and sizes — which clearly show that the belt has lost the pristine structure of a dynamically cold protoplanetary disk. Understanding how the Kuiper belt acquired its present structure will provide insight into the formation of the outer planetary system and its early evolution. We critically review the scenarios that have been proposed so far for the primordial sculpting of the belt. None of them can explain in a single model all the observed properties; the real history of the Kuiper belt probably requires a combination of some of the proposed mechanisms.