Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and attachment: a meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment.

This meta-analysis included 66 studies (N = 4,176) on parental antecedents of attachment security. The question addressed was whether maternal sensitivity is associated with infant attachment security, and what the strength of this relation is. It was hypothesized that studies more similar to Ainsworth's Baltimore study (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) would show stronger associations than studies diverging from this pioneering study. To create conceptually homogeneous sets of studies, experts divided the studies into 9 groups with similar constructs and measures of parenting. For each domain, a meta-analysis was performed to describe the central tendency, variability, and relevant moderators. After correction for attenuation, the 21 studies (N = 1,099) in which the Strange Situation procedure in nonclinical samples was used, as well as preceding or concurrent observational sensitivity measures, showed a combined effect size of r(1,097) = . 24. According to Cohen's (1988) conventional criteria, the association is moderately strong. It is concluded that in normal settings sensitivity is an important but not exclusive condition of attachment security. Several other dimensions of parenting are identified as playing an equally important role. In attachment theory, a move to the contextual level is required to interpret the complex transactions between context and sensitivity in less stable and more stressful settings, and to pay more attention to nonshared environmental influences.
Local contrast hole filling algorithm for neura slices membrane detection — LCHF

Local Contrast Hole Filling Algorithm for Neural Slices Membrane Detection (LCHF) algorithm is non-learning, simple, easily adopted, and undependable on ground-truth; and it can recognize membrane and eliminates organelles, using a very simple algorithm that consist of short sequences of basic processing steps yet can be relatively competitive. Here, we would like to show the simple processing stages, and the effectiveness of the LCHF algorithm, with other similar neuronal datasets. The performance of the algorithm was measured in terms of Precision, Recall and F1 score. Precision (also known as positive predictive value), and Recall (also known as sensitivity). F1 score (also known as F-score or F-measure). The experiments were performed on data provided by the ISBI 2012 (IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging). LCHF generously allowed to classify pixels into membrane/non-membrane for these datasets, and took 44 seconds for 30 slices to produce the comparable best result, and recorded average F1 score of more than 71% similarity with the benchmark ground-truth image.
Impact of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention of Women Students: A Case for Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship has been proved to be an effective tool for empowerment. There are many studies, which show entrepreneurship as great way to empower women across many countries, including both developing and developed countries. Entrepreneurship paves the paths for development and is important for any country’s progress and development. There are very few countries (only seven, according to certain source) where ratio of female entrepreneur is almost equal to their male counterparts. And in most of the countries the ratio of women entrepreneur is very poor. There are many researches which explores role the entrepreneurship in women empowerment. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied as our model to predict relationship between entrepreneurial-intention and the mediating variable attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and role models. The research shall use entrepreneurial intention scale developed by Linan and Chen (2009). This instrument contains three dimensions attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Fourth dimension Role Model is adopted and developed from various researches to suit the requirement of the study. The research demonstrate the attitude of women students toward entrepreneurship and their likeliness of starting a venture. There are many factors which determine the level of entrepreneurial activities in a country. The main factors explored in past researches, apart from demographics, includes personality status, economic status and social status etc. Present study will explore four factors: Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and Role model.In India there are very few researches, which explore the entrepreneurial intention from behavioral intention perspective. This research shall be one-step further towards understanding entrepreneurship from behavioral aspect.
Differential effects of alkylating agents on the multiple muscarinic receptor subtypes linked to activation of phospholipase C by carbachol in rat brain cortical membranes.

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor function in rat brain cortex was characterized by performing binding assays with [3H](-)quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) in parallel with assays of phospholipase C (PLC) activation by carbachol using membrane preparations and exogenous [3H]-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ([3H]PIP2). Competitive binding studies revealed high- and low-affinity binding sites for the receptor antagonists, pirenzepine, methoctramine and the p-fluoro analog of hexahydro-sila-difenidol (p-F-HHSiD). Carbachol-stimulated [3H]-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate breakdown was specifically inhibited by pirenzepine and p-F-HHiSD. The inhibition curves for these antagonists were best described by interactions at two sites. There was quantitative agreement between the antagonist affinity constants and the proportion of high- and low-affinity sites derived in functional and binding studies. The characteristics of the putative subtypes of muscarinic receptors and their stimulation of phospholipase C was examined after treatment with two alkylating agents, N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline and propylbenzilylcholine mustard. Loss of receptors was closely correlated with loss of PLC activation by carbachol, without alteration of the EC50 value (21 microM) of this agonist, clearly demonstrating a lack of receptor reserve. When both alkylating treatments were adjusted to induce a decrease of 60% in the maximal number of [3H]QNB binding sites, a similar (60%) reduction in the maximal effect of carbachol on PLC activation was found. However, the characteristics of the remaining receptors after the treatment with the two alkylating agents differ markedly as determined by competition of pirenzepine, p-F-HHSiD and methoctramine for [3H]QNB binding, and for inhibition of carbachol-stimulated phospholipase C by pirenzepine and p-F-HHSiD. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supporting informal communication via ephemeral interest groups

In this paper, we introduce ephemeral interest groups for supporting informal communication. Ephemeral interest groups are electronic discussion groups that, in contrast to bulletin boards and the like, are short-lived and ad hoc. They are designed as a medium for informal discussions of items broadcast to a wider community. We have implemented a prototype system to explore ephemeral interest groups. We discuss the goals of the system, characterize its evolution over the last ten months of deployment, and sketch our plans for future developments.
Catadioptric camera calibration

Catadioptric systems are realizations of omnidirectional vision through mirror-lens combinations. Designs preserving the uniqueness of an effective viewpoint have recently gained attraction. We present here a novel approach for estimating the intrinsic parameters of a well-known catadioptric system consisting of a paraboloid mirror and an orthographic lens. We introduce the geometry of catadioptric line projection and we show that the vanishing points lie on a conic section which encodes the entire calibration information. Projections of two sets of parallel lines suffice for intrinsic calibration from one view as well as for metric rectification of a plane. Our approach overcomes limitations of existing manual calibration methods and was successfully tested on the task of back-warping real-images images onto virtual planes.
Regulatory mechanisms in expression of the traY‐I operon of sex factor plasmid R100: involvement of traJ and traY gene products

The plasmid R100 encodes tra genes essential for conjugal DNA transfer in Escherichia coli. Genetic evidence suggests that the traJ gene encodes a positive regulator for the traY‐I operon, which includes almost all the tra genes located downstream of traJ. The molecular mechanism of regulation by TraJ, however, is not yet understood. traY is the most proximal gene in the traY‐I operon. TraY promotes DNA transfer by binding to a site, sbyA, near the origin of transfer. TraY is suggested to have another role in regulation of the traY‐I operon, since it binds to two other sites, named sbyB and sbyC, located in the region preceding traY‐I.
Effectiveness of recreational divers for monitoring sea turtle populations

Five sea turtle species, all globally threatened, are found in southern Mozambican waters. Illegal hunting of foraging turtles, nest raiding and modification of coastal habitat are assumed to affect local sea turtle populations, but a lack of capacity and resource constraints ham- per monitoring and compliance activities. Enlisting the recreational SCUBA diving community to report sea turtle sightings is a potential solution for population monitoring. The effectiveness of recreational divers as monitors was tested through the review of 2 approaches: the use of a routine dive logbook with sightings, and data from a dedicated survey. These approaches provided 37 consecutive months of data between 2008 and 2011 from dive sites in Inhambane Province, Mozambique. A total of 317 sightings of loggerhead Caretta caretta, green Chelonia mydas, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and unidentified turtle species were reported from 918 dives. While the dedicated survey collected more detailed behavioural data (e.g. response to divers and feeding behaviour), independent logbook records provided a more robust data set for analysis of sighting trends. Useful data on sea turtle species composition, size and distribution were obtained from both approaches, although there were concerns with regard to species identification and size estimates. With refined methodology, particularly the incorporation of photographic verification of species identification, reports from divers can provide cost-effective and useful data for monitor- ing foraging turtle populations.
Applied Parallel Research's xHPF system

Applied Parallel Research takes a somewhat different approach to High Performance Fortran than do other implementors. APR feels the real power of HPF is in its comment line directives by which the user can drive an automatic parallelization system. Rather than treating HPF as an altemative to automatic parallelization, we believe that it can be a powerful aid for automatic parallelization of existing Fortran 77 programs. W e have arrived at this point of view after a considerable effort to provide source-code global analyzers and parallelizers with extensive capabilities for large, real-world, sequential Fortran 77 programs. For example, our xHPF system will parallelize very complex Fortran 77 DO loops rather than relying on the user to explicitly expose parallel operations by translating to Fortran 90 array syntax. HPF’s data-distribution directives let us provide batch automatic parallelization tools, such as xHPF, in contrast to our interactive Forge 90 Distributed-Memory Parallelizer, which requires the user to explicitly direct the data decomposition of the arrays in the program. xHPF also accepts Fortran 90 array syntax and extends HPF data-distribution rules. APRs approach has been to provide HPF compilation systems that let users more easily port existing sequential Fortran 77 programs to MPP systems. APR feels that the market for tools that port existing Fortran programs to MPP systems far exceeds the market for tools to develop parallel programs from scratch.
Olmesartan Improves Pulse Wave Velocity and Lowers Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and central systolic BP (cSBP) are superior to brachial office BP measurements in predicting cardiovascular end organ damage. The authors aimed to analyze the effect of olmesartan 80 mg (OLM 80) vs 20 mg (OLM 20) vs amlodipine 5 mg (AML 5) on central hemodymamics and ambulatory BP in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). In a double‐blind, three‐phase crossover study comprising 69 untreated patients with MetS defined by the Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults guidelines, the effects of OLM 80 on central hemodynamics (cSBP), central pulse pressure), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and 24‐hour ambulatory BP were compared with OLM 20 and AML 5, given for 6 weeks each. In 69 patients (47 men, 22 women) (51.5±9.75 years), reduction in cSBP was the highest with OLM 80 and significantly greater than the reduction with AML 5 (−14.1 mm Hg vs −9.7 mm Hg, P=.0117). All three substances significantly reduced 24‐hour ambulatory systolic (OLM 80 and OLM 20 P<.0001; AML 5 P=.0105). BP and 24‐hour diastolic BP (OLM 80 and OLM 20 P<.0001; AML 5 P=.0126). PWV was significantly reduced by OLM 80 (−0.58 m/s, P=.0088) and by OLM 20 (−0.48 m/s, P=.0362) but not by AML 5 (−0.28 m/s, P=.2065). For PWV, no significant differences were detected between the three groups. OLM significantly improves arterial stiffness as demonstrated by the reduction in PWV and in cSBP. In addition, 24‐hour ambulatory BP was reduced to a greater extent with OLM 80 than with AML 5.
Not just helping: What and how older men learn when they volunteer

ABSTRACT Participation or active engagement with life is advocated internationally and is the core for successful aging of individuals. Although participating in volunteering has been proven to benefit older adults’ health and well-being, men participate less in volunteerism than do women. Experiences are considered the primary resources for adults’ growth and learning, yet learning when helping others has been rarely explored. This study provides a new perspective by exploring volunteering as a resource for learning. The purpose of the study was to understand the learning process when older men help others. A total of 17 men aged 60 years and above who had volunteered regularly for at least 2 years were interviewed. Findings, reached by inductive analysis, indicated that these men perceived the learning during volunteering differently from classroom learning. Although learning had not been their intention or focus, the men did develop, in multiple ways, knowledge, skills, and wisdom through volunteering. We concluded that volunteering provides a holistic context with the three attributes of learning: (a) using experience as a foundation; (b) building content that is practical, wide, and diverse; and (c) employing multiple methods and flexibility. Building upon plentiful life experiences, volunteering is a learning context as well as a learning resource for older men, which makes successful aging a reachable aim.
Sheep and goats differences in CLA and fatty acids milk fat content in relation with mRNA stearoyl-CoA desaturase and lipogenic genes expression in their mammary gland

An experiment was conducted with 12 lactating dairy ewes and 12 goats with the objective to determine whether, under the same dietary treatments, the differences in their fatty acid (FA) profile with emphasis on cis-9 trans-11 CLA milk fat content, are reflected in the transcript levels of genes involved in FA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA biosynthesis. The animals were fed with two diets (A, B) in different days of milk (DIM) due to the different milk yield, body weight etc, in order to have the same food intake and to avoid dietary effects. Diet A was fed to the animals on a group basis as it is traditionally used in practice, while diet B was chosen to avoid individual feed intake variation which is usually observed in group feeding. The results showed that there are significantly lower mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in sheep mammary gland compared with those of goats, independently from the diet fed. The same trend was observed with the mRNA level of FA synthase (FAS), but the results were significant only for diet A. The mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the mammary gland did not differ between sheep and goats fed with diet A. In addition, the concentration of cis-9 trans-11 CLA content was significantly higher in sheep milk fat compared with those of goats. This is in accordance with the significant higher levels on mRNA of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) which were observed in their mammary adipocytes of sheep compared with those of goats, independently of the fed diet (A or B). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the differences between sheep and goats, concerning cis-9, trans-11 CLA and FA milk fat content, under the same dietary treatments could be explained in part by the differences in mRNA of SCD and lipogenic genes in their mammary gland.
Protecting Against Unexpected System Calls

This paper proposes a comprehensive set of techniques which limit the scope of remote code injection attacks. These techniques prevent any injected code from making system calls and thus restrict the capabilities of an attacker. In defending against the traditional ways of harming a system these techniques significantly raise the bar for compromising the host system forcing the attack code to take extraordinary steps that may be impractical in the context of a remote code injection attack. There are two main aspects to our approach. The first is to embed semantic information into executables identifying the locations of legitimate system call instructions; system calls from other locations are treated as intrusions. The modifications we propose are transparent to user level processes that do not wish to use them (so that, for example, it is still possible to run unmodified third-party software), and add more security at minimal cost for those binaries that have the special information present. The second is to back this up using a variety of techniques, including a novel approach to encoding system call traps into the OS kernel, in order to deter mimicry attacks. Experiments indicate that our approach is effective against a wide variety of code injection attacks.
Tidal Disruption of Milky Way Satellites with Shallow Dark Matter Density Profiles

Dwarf galaxies of the Local Group provide unique possibilities to test current theories of structure formation. Their number and properties have put the broadly accepted cold dark matter model into question, posing a few problems. These problems now seem close to resolution due to the improved treatment of baryonic processes in dwarf galaxy simulations which now predict cored rather than cuspy dark matter profiles in isolated dwarfs with important consequences for their subsequent environmental evolution. Using N-body simulations, we study the evolution of a disky dwarf galaxy with such a shallow dark matter profile on a typical orbit around the Milky Way. The dwarf survives the first pericenter passage but is disrupted after the second due to tidal forces from the host. We discuss the evolution of the dwarf’s properties in time prior to and at the time of disruption. We demonstrate that the dissolution occurs on a rather short timescale as the dwarf expands from a spheroid into a stream with non-zero mean radial velocity. We point out that the properties of the dwarf at the time of disruption may be difficult to distinguish from bound configurations, such as tidally induced bars, both in terms of surface density and line-of-sight kinematics.
The search for the neural mechanisms of the set size effect

The set size effect in visual search refers to the linear increase in response time (RT) or decrease in accuracy as the number of distractors increases. Previous human and monkey studies have reported a correlation between set size and neural activity in the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we did not observe a set size effect in the superior precentral sulcus (sPCS, thought to be the human homolog of the FEF) and IPS in an oculomotor visual search task (Ikkai et al., 2011). Our task used placeholders in the search array, along with the target and distractors, in order to equate the amount of retinal stimulation for each set size. We here attempted to reconcile these differences with the results from a follow‐up experiment in which the same oculomotor visual search task was used, but without placeholders. A strong behavioral set size effect was observed in both studies, with very similar saccadic RTs and slopes between RT and set size. However, a set size effect was now observed in the sPCS and IPS. We comment on this finding and discuss the role of these neural areas in visual search.
Opportunity for Collaboration: A Conceptual Model of Success in Tobacco Control and Cancer Prevention

Introduction Collaborations between cancer prevention and tobacco control programs can leverage scarce resources to address noncommunicable diseases globally, but barriers to cooperation and actual collaboration are substantial. To foster collaboration between cancer prevention and tobacco control programs, the Global Health Partnership conducted research to identify similarities and differences in how the 2 programs viewed program success. Methods Using concept mapping, cancer prevention and tobacco control experts generated statements describing the components of a successful cancer prevention or tobacco control program and 33 participants sorted and rated the final 99 statements. Multidimensional scaling analysis with a 2-dimensional solution was used to identify an 8-cluster conceptual map of program success. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for all 99 statements to compare the item-level ratings of both groups and used t tests to compare the mean importance of ratings assigned to each cluster. Results Eight major clusters of success were identified: 1) advocacy and persuasion, 2) building sustainability, 3) partnerships, 4) readiness and support, 5) program management fundamentals, 6) monitoring and evaluation, 7) utilization of evidence, and 8) implementation. We found no significant difference between the maps created by the 2 groups and only 1 mean difference for the importance ratings for 1 of the clusters: cancer prevention experts rated partnerships as more important to program success than did tobacco control experts. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with those of research documenting the necessary components of successful programs and the similarities between cancer prevention and tobacco control. Both programs value the same strategies to address a common risk factor: tobacco use. Identifying common ground between these 2 research and practice communities can benefit future collaborations at the local, state, tribal, national, and international levels, and inform the broader discussion on resource sharing among other organizations whose mission focuses on noncommunicable diseases.