Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CSVM and its application in the Chinese theme classification

Support vector machine has been widely used in the classification issues. This paper proposed a new cascade support vector machine classification algorithm CSVM with AdaBoost algorithm framework and support vector machine SVM combination to deal with the problem of multiple classifiers. for the problem of consuming time in the multi-classification problems with support vector machines, this paper introduced the minimum enclosing ball (MEB) algorithm to extract the original sample data to shorten the training time for support vector machines; CSVM was applied in the Chinese theme classification, and the experimental results show that, CSVM algorithm has similar accuracy with AdaBoost algorithm, but the computation time is only 35% of the SVM algorithm1.
Retail Credit Premiums and Macroeconomic Developments

This article sets out to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of retail credit premiums (i.e. the difference between reference interest rates and rates on retail loans with comparable maturities) in the Czech economy. The text documents the history of the credit premium. A model that investigates the relationship between this premium and the business cycle is then proposed, and it is shown that the current premium level can be explained to a large extent by the cyclical position of the economy. This model can be used not only as a tool for explaining the observed premium, but also to forecast the future premium, as it is linked to the variables used in the CNBâ€™s core forecasting model.
Objective and Subjective Indicators of Happiness in Brazil: The Mediating Role of Social Class

The authors tested the proposition that monetary household income affects subjective well-being (E. Deiner, E. M. Suh, R. E. Lucas, & H. L. Smith, 1999) through the mediating mechanisms of objective and subjective social classes. The present authors drew a representative sample in a door-to-door survey format from a Brazilian urban center. Using a back-translated version of E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larson, and S. Griffin's (1985) Satisfaction With Life Scale, the present authors demonstrated a significant relation with income. However, this effect was mediated by objectively and subjectively measured social classes. These effects reinforce, extend, and internationally generalize the Person X Situation perspective elaborated by E. Diener et al. (1999).
Sub-1 V Low Power Wide Range Injection-Locked Frequency Divider

In this letter, the sub-1 V low power, wide range operation of an injection-locked frequency divider with a common-gate configuration is presented. The performances in terms of locking range and power consumption have been improved in the sub-1 V low supply voltage. Two set of prototypes, performing divide-by-2 and divide-by-3, have been fabricated in CSM 0.18 mum CMOS process to verify the proposed designs. In the proposed units, a locking range of 40% has been achieved with a power consumption of 0.24 mW in the 0.8 V supply voltage. The operating range of 2.2 GHz to 5.2 GHz has been achieved with a power consumption of 1.1 mW for a 1.5 V supply voltage.
Metacommunity theory as a multispecies, multiscale framework for studying the influence of river network structure on riverine communities and ecosystems

Abstract Explaining the mechanisms underlying patterns of species diversity and composition in riverine networks is challenging. Historically, community ecologists have conceived of communities as largely isolated entities and have focused on local environmental factors and interspecific interactions as the major forces determining species composition. However, stream ecologists have long embraced a multiscale approach to studying riverine ecosystems and have studied both local factors and larger-scale regional factors, such as dispersal and disturbance. River networks exhibit a dendritic spatial structure that can constrain aquatic organisms when their dispersal is influenced by or confined to the river network. We contend that the principles of metacommunity theory would help stream ecologists to understand how the complex spatial structure of river networks mediates the relative influences of local and regional control on species composition. From a basic ecological perspective, the concept is attractive because new evidence suggests that the importance of regional processes (dispersal) depends on spatial structure of habitat and on connection to the regional species pool. The role of local factors relative to regional factors will vary with spatial position in a river network. From an applied perspective, the long-standing view in ecology that local community composition is an indicator of habitat quality may not be uniformly applicable across a river network, but the strength of such bioassessment approaches probably will depend on spatial position in the network. The principles of metacommunity theory are broadly applicable across taxa and systems but seem of particular consequence to stream ecology given the unique spatial structure of riverine systems. By explicitly embracing processes at multiple spatial scales, metacommunity theory provides a foundation on which to build a richer understanding of stream communities.
Is Costco Better than Walmart? A Comparative Analysis Based on Enterprise Marketing Efficiency

The purpose of this research was to analyze the operations of Walmart and Costco during the period from May 2006 until August 2008 from the standpoint of the efficiency of their operations in utilizing the resources to create shareholder’s value, using key performance and enterprise marketing ratios. This study is relevant given the different business models and strategies used by both companies, as well as their intense rivalry in the retail industry. The results showed that Walmart is clearly superior in attracting investors willing to pay a premium for the stock, but Costco is far more efficient in the use of Selling, General and Administrative expenses to generate profits. Furthermore, based on the Maximum Earnings Market Share (MEMS) and Relative Earnings Productivity calculations, the results evidenced that Costco could have made $3.6 billion more in earnings, and Walmart could had earned $26.8 billion more for the same period, although in relative terms Costco was more efficient since it lost 20.9% of potential earnings, versus a much higher 28.3% of Walmart. Consequently, we can affirm that Costco is better than Walmart, based on relative earnings productivity. Moreover, this study proves that a higher market share does not necessarily generate higher profits, for it depends on the company’s enterprise marketing efficiency.
Electrophysiologic monitoring correlates of recurrent laryngeal nerve heat thermal injury in a porcine model

Thermal injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) may not be visually apparent and may go unrecognized intraoperatively. This study aimed to investigate the heat thermal tolerance of RLN and evaluate the electrophysiologic correlates of electromyographic (EMG) signal change during an acute RLN heat damage.
Urea as a partial protein substitute in the feeding of dairy cattle.

extract, not exceeding 4 ml. were submitted to the procedure described above. As the extracts of the whole blood or ofthe plasma gave a small but significant colour (equivalent to about 2 mg./100 ml.) with dinitrophenylhydrazine, it was necessary to determine the intensity of this colour in a control experiment, so that a correction could be made. Table 4 gives 10 representative determinations. The standard error of percentage deviation in concentrations from 2-5 to 200 mg. /100 ml. of blood or plasma was found by us to be 3j%. Liver, kidney and muscle. The tissues obtained from normal guinea-pigs, the added diketogulonic acid and 2 parts by weight of 10% trichloroacetic acid were ground with sand in a mortar, squeezed through muslin, reground, and centrifuged in the usual way. The sensitivity of the determination in this case was conditioned by the fact that the use of too much extract produced turbidity after the addition of the alkali. We nevertheless found that it
A Tale of Two Regulators: Risk Disclosures, Liquidity, and Enforcement in the Banking Sector

This paper examines the effects of heterogeneity in regulatory supervision on firms’ disclosure behavior and the ensuing capital market consequences. The effectiveness of regulation depends not only on the written rules, but also on how regulators and the firms they regulate enforce and adhere to these rules. We exploit the fact that banks are subject to quasi-identical risk disclosure rules under securities laws (IFRS 7) and banking regulation (Pillar 3 of the Basel II accord), but that different regulators enforce these rules at different points in time. We find that banks substantially increase their risk disclosures upon the adoption of Pillar 3 even if they had to comply with the same requirements under IFRS 7 beforehand. The increase is larger in countries where the banking regulator has more supervisory powers and resources and is less involved in the oversight of securities markets. It is also larger for banks most likely to attract scrutiny from the banking regulator due to distress risk. The improved risk disclosures translate into higher market liquidity around Pillar 3 but not IFRS 7. The results indicate that the success of regulation depends on the institutional fit between regulator and regulated firms, and that having multiple regulators may lead to inconsistent implementation and enforcement of the same rules.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF ETHYL PYRUVATE DERIVED COPPER COMPLEXES OF THIOSEMICARBAZONE

Objective : The present study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties of copper complexes of thiosemicarbazone (TSC-Cu) using different in vitro models. Method s: In vitro MTT assay was carried out against the HL-60 cell line to check the cytotoxic potency of TSC-Cu. In vitro radical scavenging activity of TSC-Cu was evaluated by checking its role in scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation. Results : Among the test molecules studied, TSC-Cu with choride side chain (TSC-Cu-Cl) showed dose and time dependent increased cytotoxic activity on HL-60 cell line compared to TSC-Cu with hydroxyl side chain (TSC-Cu-OH). Further, TSC-Cu-Cl exhibited promising radical scavenging activities against hydroxyl radical, 2,2-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), and also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation confirm that the TSC-Cu-Cl complex can be considered as a novel metal complex with potent anti-oxidant and cytotoxic ability.
Requirement of Salicylic Acid for the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance

It has been proposed that salicylic acid acts as an endogenous signal responsible for inducing systemic acquired resistance in plants. The contribution of salicylic acid to systemic acquired resistance was investigated in transgenic tobacco plants harboring a bacterial gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase, which converts salicylic acid to catechol. Transgenic plants that express salicylate hydroxylase accumulated little or no salicylic acid and were defective in their ability to induce acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, salicylic acid is essential for the development of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco.
Illness Perception, Treatment Adherence and Coping in Persons with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Angioplasty

Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of sudden death. In this article, we compared patients’ illness perception (IP), treatment adherence and coping mechanisms of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods: In this descriptive, prospective observational study IP, treatment adherence and coping of 140 patients were evaluated pre-PTCA, at the time of hospital discharge and 1 to 3 months post-PTCA by Illness Perception Questionnaire, Morisky Treatment Adherence and Carver’s brief COPE questionnaires. Results: 1 - 3 months post-PTCA, all dimensions of IP changed significantly except personal and treatment control. Adherence scores decreased simultaneously. With respect to coping mechanisms, all increased except behavioral disengagement, emotional support, instrumental support and religion which decreased significantly post-PTCA. Conclusions: In Overall, an improved IP and increased use of controllable causal attributions led to an increase in medication adherence and adaptive coping strategies. Post-treatment health behaviors are predictable by assessing patients’ illness-related beliefs beforehand.
The Pressure for Reverse Logistics Adoption among Manufacturers in Malaysia

This study aims to examine how the level of reverse logistics adoption among manufacturers in Malaysia can be influenced by customer/stakeholder pressure, regulatory pressure, financial and competitive pressure, and corporate citizenship pressure. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire, and respondents were managers of manufacturing firms located in the Northern States of Peninsular Malaysia and the Klang Valley. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression analysis was applied and the findings indicate that regulatory pressure has a significantly strong influence on the level of reverse logistics adoption, while customer/stakeholder pressure has moderate influence.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Environmental Protection, Reverse Logistics, Supply Chain ManagementJEL Classification: M11, M14, M38
Light Normalizing Intraocular Lenses

The most common cause of vision loss in the elderly in the United States is cataract. Cataract surgery is the most common procedure performed in the Medicare population with more than 2,000,000 cataract surgeries performed per year in the United States and that number being estimated as more than 10,000,000 per year worldwide. Cataract surgery is very successful and considered routine today, but the most common cause of blindness in this age group is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Of concern, there have been some studies that suggest that cataract surgery may accelerate AMD. In this chapter, we discuss the available evidence, which may link cataract, cataract surgery, or the pseudophakic state with the development or progression of AMD. This discussion should bring into perspective the desire and research effort to develop improved prosthetic devices, in this case intraocular lenses (IOLs), which might provide improved function by more accurately simulating the human crystalline lenses they replace. It also considers the natural skepticism that exists considering that these prostheses have not been proven to improve patients’ chances of preventing a potential process of acceleration of AMD. These IOLs have been called ‘‘yellow tinted,’’ ‘‘blue blocking,’’ or ‘‘blue filtering,’’ but we have replaced those descriptors with what we think is a more accurate descriptor, ‘‘light normalizing. ’’ The first former title merely describes the way IOL looks to the observer, and the other 2 suggest that only blue light is blocked, partially blocked, or filtered. We would rather use a more performance-specific name with the understanding that all UV radiation is totally blocked and the term ‘‘light’’ applies to the visible spectrum of light.
Tone mapping for high dynamic range displays

We address the problem of re-rendering images to high dynamic range (HDR) displays, which were originally tone-mapped to standard displays. As these new HDR displays have a much larger dynamic range than standard displays, an image rendered to standard monitors is likely to look too bright when displayed on a HDR monitor. Moreover, because of the operations performed during capture and rendering to standard displays, the specular highlights are likely to have been clipped or compressed, which causes a loss of realism. We propose a tone scale function to re-render images first tone-mapped to standard displays, that focuses on the representation of specular highlights. The shape of the tone scale function depends on the segmentation of the input image into its diffuse and specular components. In this article, we describe a method to perform this segmentation automatically. Our method detects specular highlights by using two low-pass filters of different sizes combined with morphological operators. The results show that our method successfully detects small and middle sized specular highlights. The locations of specular highlights define a mask used for the construction of the tone scale function. We then propose two ways of applying the tone scale, the global version that applies the same curve to each pixel in the image and the local version that uses spatial information given by the mask to apply the tone scale differently to diffuse and to specular pixels.
An enhancement in classifier support vector machine to improve plant disease detection

This proposed work is about automatic detection of diseases and diseased part present in the leaf images of plants and even in the agriculture Crop production. It is done with advancement of computer technology which helps in farming to increase the production. Mainly there is problem of detection accuracy and in neural network approach support vector machine (SVM) is latest classifier of that approach. In this paper, SVM is implemented which contains two datasets; one is training dataset and train dataset. Firstly original image is captured and then it is being used for processing. Secondly it gives us the black and background pixels of image segmented and also separate the hue part and saturation part of image. Thirdly detection of disease and diseased part of image is detected and healthy part is segmented from it. This work will also provide % of area in which diseases is present and give us the name of disease. As in the results of one image diseased area is 5.56%. This work provides accuracy which is better as in proposed algorithm results.
Aggregation and Within-Audit Firm Differentiation

This study examines the implications of using national-level (i.e., audit firm-wide) data aggregated across individual practice offices when testing for quality differentiation in auditing. I present a statistical framework that identifies the nature and sources of bias in aggregation when important heterogeneity exists within aggregate units, and then subject it to empirical analysis. I find, as predicted, a tendency for aggregation to aggravate omitted variables bias, leading to serious overestimation of the effect of clientele size on audit quality. I also evaluate an approach to minimize the potential bias in tests that use aggregate data. My analysis provides the necessary background for researchers to choose among alternative levels of aggregation in audit research.
Activated Protein C Restores Hepatic Microcirculation During Sepsis by Modulating Vasoregulator Expression

Activated protein C (aPC) promotes fibrinolysis while inhibiting coagulation and inflammation. In septic patients, aPC levels are depleted, and aPC treatment has emerged as a therapeutic option. To better understand the mechanism(s) by which aPC improves survival in sepsis, we sought to determine the effect of aPC treatment on hepatic vasoactive gene and protein expression, leading to changes in hepatic vascular responsiveness in a septic animal model. Under anesthesia, rats underwent sham or cecal ligation and puncture followed by aPC treatment (1 mg/kg, twice daily, i.v.). Treatment with aPC significantly decreased hepatic endothelin 1 (ET-1)/ET A receptor mRNA and protein expression. To determine the effect of aPC on hepatic microvasculature, ET-1-induced changes in liver microcirculation were assessed by intravital microscopy. This approach demonstrated aPC significantly improved hepatic perfusion index in the animals that underwent cecal ligation and puncture in the absence of significant changes in portal venous pressure. Furthermore, although aPC did not affect ET-1-dependent sinusoidal vasoconstriction, aPC induced hepatoprotective effects via enhanced red blood cell velocity. Collectively, these data demonstrate aPC ameliorates ET-1-dependent changes in hepatic microcirculation and improves hepatic function in the setting of sepsis.
Strategic distortions in analyst forecasts in the presence of short-term institutional investors

We document that analysts cater to short-term investors by issuing optimistic target prices. Catering dominates among analysts at brokers without an investment banking arm as they face lower reputational cost. The market does not see through the analyst catering activity and their forecasts lead to temporary stock overpricing that short-term institutional investors exploit to offload their holdings to retail traders. We also report evidence consistent with catering brokers being rewarded with more future trades channelled through them. Our study identifies a new source of conflicts of interest in analyst research originating from the ownership composition of a stock.
COMPACT DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER BASED ON SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE CAVITY WITH HIGH SELECTIVITY

A compact dual-band bandpass filter implemented with an embedded coplanar waveguide (ECPW) resonator and a capacitively loaded resonator (CLR) in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented and analyzed in this paper. Three transmission zeroes (TZs), of which two are located in the middle of the two passbands and one located in the upper stopband, are obtained to improve the inner-band isolation and the selectivity of the filter. The center frequencies and bandwidths of the two passbands can be easily tuned by changing the geometrical parameters of the two resonators. The proposed dual-band SIW filter is demonstrated with center frequencies located at 8.41/14.29 GHz. The measured insertion loss is −1.28/ − 1.91 dB with the corresponding fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 21.2%/7.3%. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Credit Risk and State Space Methods

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Research Series Credit risk is the main risk in the banking book. As a result, time-varying credit risk conditions matter for intermediaries’ profitability, solvency, and overall financial stability. This dissertation studies various aspects of joint credit and macro-financial conditions, in particular how these interact and lead to default clusters. Important sources of systematic default rate variation, such as contagion risk, the business cycle, the default cycle, shifts in credit supply, etc., are time varying and inherently unobserved. These time-varying factors are known to econometricians as unobserved components. These components can be backed out from observed data using filtering and smoothing methods. This thesis consists of four main essays, each applying state space methods to a credit risk problem at hand. As such, this thesis increases our understanding of interrelated credit and macro-financial conditions, in particular before and during financial crises such as the most recent one.
Relationship lending: Is it Incentives or hidden information?

Relationships are a valuable technology to produce loans. (Berger and Udell [1995], Petersen and Rajan [1994], Aoki and Dinc [2002]). While there are convincing theories in which relationships solve hidden action or hidden information problems, there is very little empirical corroboration of either theory. In this paper, we assess the empirically validity of these theories in the small firm credit market. While results suggest that relationships are more valuable for firms with worse incentive misaligment problems, more informationally opaque firms do not seem to extract more value from relationships. Contrary to what most empirical research on the value of relationships has assumed (but not tested), this indicates that relationships are, at very least, as important for aligning incentives as they are for solving hidden information problems.