Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Infrared Small Target Tracking Method Based on Memory Mechanism

Due to their wide range, climate adaptability, and strong anti-interference capabilities, infrared imaging systems have significant advantages over visible light imaging systems. As a key technology, infrared small target tracking plays an important role in military, security and other fields. However, in the process of moving, infrared targets are susceptible to morphological changes, background interference, occlusion and tailing phenomenon. In order to improve the stability of the tracker when dealing with the changes of target radiation characteristics, we proposed an infrared small target tracking method based on memory mechanism, named MeT. We design a triple memory module based on the human memory mechanism to record an effective historical summary of the current appearance of the target, and realize template updating. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the tracking performance of infrared small targets and enhance the tracking stability in complex environments.
Sampling Generative Networks Notes on a Few Effective Techniques

We introduce several techniques for effectively sampling and visualizing the latent spaces of generative models. Replacing linear interpolation with spherical linear interpolation (slerp) prevents diverging from a model’s prior distribution and produces sharper samples. J-Diagrams and MINE grids are introduced as visualizations of manifolds created by analogies and nearest neighbors. We demonstrate two new techniques for deriving attribute vectors: bias-corrected vectors with data replication and synthetic vectors with data augmentation. Most techniques are intended to be independent of model type and examples are shown on both Variational Autoencoders and Generative Adversarial Networks. Keywords—Generative; VAE; GAN; Sampling; Manifold
Superplastic micro-tubes fabricated by dieless drawing processes

Abstract: This chapter describes a novel manufacturing process of micro-tubes utilizing a dieless drawing technique. The chapter first discusses the principle of a dieless drawing process for micro-tubes of superplastic and conventional materials. To achieve local heating for the tube, several heating systems (such as high frequency induction heating and laser heating) are discussed, and the advantages of the superplastic dieless drawing process from the viewpoints of productivity and quality, and its industrial applications are described. The chapter then describes the finite element model of this process. As another application, the chapter discusses advanced dieless forming, which can control various axial and cross-sectional profiles.
Sister chromatid separation at human telomeric regions

Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at chromosome ends, vital for preserving chromosomal integrity. Telomeric DNA shortens with progressive rounds of cell division, culminating in replicative senescence. Previously we have reported, on the basis of fluorescent in situ hybridization, that several human telomeric regions display solitary signals (singlets) in metaphase cells of presenescent fibroblasts, in comparison to other genomic regions that hybridize as twin signals (doublets). In the current study, we show that an additional 12 out of 12 telomeric regions examined also display metaphase singlet signals in pre-senescent cells, and that excess telomere-metaphase singlets also occur in earlier passage cells harvested from elderly individuals. In cancer cell lines expressing telomerase and in pre-senescent fibroblasts ectopically expressing hTERT, this phenomenon is abrogated. Confocal microscope image analysis showed that the telomere metaphase singlets represent regions that have replicated but not separated; this is presumably because of persistent cohesion. The introduction of mutations that interfere with the normal dissolution of cohesion at the metaphase to anaphase transition induced the cut (chromosomes untimely torn) phenotype in early passage fibroblasts, with predominantly telomeric rather than centromeric DNA, present on the chromatin bridges between the daughter nuclei. These results suggest that telomeric regions in animal cells may potentially be sites of persistent cohesion, and that this cohesion may be the basis for an observed excess of fluorescent in situ hybridization metaphase singlets at telomeres. Persistent cohesion at telomeres may be associated with attempted DNA repair or chromosomal abnormalities, which have been described in pre-senescent cells.
An Empirical Study of Vietnamese Noun Phrase Chunking with Discriminative Sequence Models

This paper presents an empirical work for Vietnamese NP chunking task. We show how to build an annotation corpus of NP chunking and how discriminative sequence models are trained using the corpus. Experiment results using 5 fold cross validation test show that discriminative sequence learning are well suitable for Vietnamese chunking. In addition, by empirical experiments we show that the part of speech information contribute significantly to the performance of there learning models.
Exploring human movements in Singapore: a comparative analysis based on mobile phone and taxicab usages

Existing studies extensively utilized taxicab trips and individuals' movements captured by mobile phone usages (referred as "mobile phone movements" hereafter) to understand human mobility patterns in an area. However, all these studies analyze taxicab trips and mobile phone movements separately. In this paper, we: (1) integrate mobile phone and taxicab usages together to explore human movements in Singapore and reveal that mobile phone movements as a general proxy to all kinds of human mobility has substantially different characteristics compared to taxicab trips, which are one of the frequently used means of transportation; (2) investigate the ratio of taxicab trips and mobile phone movements between two arbitrary locations, which not only characterizes taxicab demands between these locations but also sheds light on underlying land use patterns. In details, we quantify the distinct characteristics of mobile phone movements and taxicab trips, and particularly confirm that the number of taxicab trips decays with distance more slowly compared to mobile phone movements. From a spatial network perspective, taxicab trips largely reflect interactions between further-separating locations than mobile phone movements, resulting in emergence of larger spatial communities (delineated based on people mobility) in Singapore. The contribution of this research is two-fold: (1) we clarified the divergences between observed human mobility patterns based on taxicab and mobile phone data; (2) we implemented an integrated approach of taxicab and mobile phone usages for gaining more informative insights in population dynamics, transportation and urban configuration.
Specification-consistent coordination model for computations

A new coordination model for computations is presented. It offers increased confidence in the correctness of imperative program~ and considerable simplification of imperative programming and debugging. In this model, programs consist of formal specifications of computations by recursive function definitions and explicit mappings (coordinations) of these specifications to imperative programs. The consis racy between coordination and specification is guaranteed by a special mechanism, called the ¢or~istency checker, during the program's execution. It automatically detects any inconsistency by comparisons against symbolic names associated with values. The formal specification of Gaussian elimination and two coordinations that implement a sequential and a parallel algorithm are used to present the model.
Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History

Max Weber attributed the higher economic prosperity of Protestantregions to a Protestant work ethic. We provide an alternative theory: Protestant economies prospered because instruction in reading the Biblegenerated the human capital crucial to economic prosperity. We test the theory using county-level data from late-nineteenth-century Prussia,exploiting the initial concentric dispersion of the Reformation to use distance to Wittenberg as an instrument for Protestantism. We find that Protestantism indeed led to higher economic prosperity, but also tobetter education. Our results are consistent with Protestants’ higher literacy accounting for most of the gap in economic prosperity.
Fruit Quality Evaluation Using Spectroscopy Technology: A Review

An overview is presented with regard to applications of visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy, multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging techniques for quality attributes measurement and variety discrimination of various fruit species, i.e., apple, orange, kiwifruit, peach, grape, strawberry, grape, jujube, banana, mango and others. Some commonly utilized chemometrics including pretreatment methods, variable selection methods, discriminant methods and calibration methods are briefly introduced. The comprehensive review of applications, which concentrates primarily on Vis/NIR spectroscopy, are arranged according to fruit species. Most of the applications are focused on variety discrimination or the measurement of soluble solids content (SSC), acidity and firmness, but also some measurements involving dry matter, vitamin C, polyphenols and pigments have been reported. The feasibility of different spectral modes, i.e., reflectance, interactance and transmittance, are discussed. Optimal variable selection methods and calibration methods for measuring different attributes of different fruit species are addressed. Special attention is paid to sample preparation and the influence of the environment. Areas where further investigation is needed and problems concerning model robustness and model transfer are identified.
InToEventS: An Interactive Toolkit for Discovering and Building Event Schemas

Event Schema Induction is the task of learning a representation of events (e.g., bombing) and the roles involved in them (e.g, victim and perpetrator). This paper presents InToEventS, an interactive tool for learning these schemas. InToEventS allows users to explore a corpus and discover which kind of events are present. We show how users can create useful event schemas using two interactive clustering steps.
Bidirectional Flyback Converter for Power Management between Lithium Battery and DC distribution System

Because the power supply using a DC distribution system can increase the conversion efficiency and reduce cost, the AC distribution system will be replaced by the DC distribution one in the future. This paper proposes a bidirectional flyback converter to regulate powers between DC buses and battery packs. To recover energies trapped in leakage inductances between primary and secondary windings of transformer, two active clamp circuits are introduced in the bidirectional flyback converters. Since switches in the bidirectional flyback converter can be merged to form the proposed bidirectional flyback converter, the proposed converter has several advantages, such as less component counts, lighter weight, smaller size, lower cost and higher conversion efficiency. In order to prove the feasibility of the proposed converter, a prototype of the proposed bidirectional flyback converter under a DC bus voltage of 12V and a battery pack voltage of 10V ~ 16.8V has been implemented. It is applied to a bidirectional power transfer system application under lower step-up and step-down voltage (0.67 ~ 1.5) condition.
Implicitly and explicitly constrained optimization problems for training of recurrent neural networks

Training of recurrent neural networks is typically formulated as unconstrained optimization problems. There is, however, an implicit constraint stating that the equations of state must be satisfied at every iteration in the optimization process. Such constraints can make a prob- lem highly non-linear and thus difficult to solve. A potential remedy is to reformulate the problem into one in which the parameters and state are treated as independent variables and all constraints appear explicitly. In this paper we compare an implicitly and an explicitly constrained formu- lation of the same problem. Reported numerical results suggest that the latter is in some respects superior.
The choice of the source space and the Laplacian matrix in LORETA and the spatio-temporal Kalman filter EEG inverse methods

The discretization of the brain and the definition of the Laplacian matrix influence the results of methods based on spatial and spatio-temporal smoothness, since the Laplacian operator is used to define the smoothness based on the neighborhood of each grid point. In this paper, the results of low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and the spatiotemporal Kalman filter (STKF) are computed using, first, a greymatter source space with the standard definition of the Laplacian matrix and, second, using a whole-brain source space and a modified definition of the Laplacian matrix. Electroencephalographic (EEG) source imaging results of five inter-ictal spikes from a pre-surgical patient with epilepsy are used to validate the two aforementioned approaches. The results using the whole-brain source space and the modified definition of the Laplacian matrix were concentrated in a single source activation, stable, and concordant with the location of the focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in the patient's brain compared with the results which use a grey-matter grid and the classical definition of the Laplacian matrix. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a substantial improvement of source localization with both LORETA and STKF and constitutes a basis for further research in a large population of patients with epilepsy.
Natural search pointers — A query formulation method for structured information search

Despite a wide variety of new solutions, structured information search still has only one practical approach - form-based interface. A key limitation of this interface is poor handling of iterative search. While browsing the results users have to memorize all new search constraints, go back to the form, and enter them into the appropriate fields. To overcome this obstacle we created Natural Search Pointers -a structured information search interface, which formulates search queries based on information highlighted by a user while browsing the search results. NSP can be used as an extension of any standard form-based interface for consumer-oriented database search engines. Comparison of traditional form-based interface and its NSP extension shows that in iterative search tasks NSP makes finding information faster and more convenient.
Continuous speech recognition using syllables

The vast majority of work in continuous speech recognition uses phoneme-like units as the basic recognition component. The work presented here investigates the practicability of syllable-like units as the building blocks for recognition. A phonetically annotated telephony database is analysed at the syllable level, and a set of syllable-based HMMs are built. Refinements including the introduction of syllable-level bigram probabilities, wordand syllable-level insertion penalties, and the investigation of different model topologies are found to improve recogniser performance. It is found that the syllablebased recogniser gives recognition accuracies of over 60%, which compares with 35% as the baseline accuracy for monophone recognition. It is envisaged that practical applications of syllable recognition could be in a hybrid system, where the most common syllable HMMs would be used in conjunction with whole-word and phoneme models.
Learning Diagnosis from Electronic Health Records

In the attempt to build a complete solution for a medical assistive decision support system we proposed a complex flow that integrates a sequence of modules which target the different data engineering tasks. This solution can analyse any type of unstructured medical documents which are processed by applying specific NLP steps followed by semantic analysis which leads to the medical concepts identification, thus imposing a structure on the input documents. The data collection, document pre-processing, concept extraction, and correlation are modules that have been researched by us in our previous works and for which we proposed original solutions. Using the collected and structured representation of the medical records, informed decisions regarding the health status of the patients can be made. The current paper focuses on the prediction module that joins all the components in a logical flow and is completed with the suggested diagnosis classification for the patient. The accuracy rate of 81.25%, obtained on the medical documents supports the strength of our proposed strategy.
Semantic indexing and retrieval of video

This tutorial lays the foundation for the exciting new horizons that arise when multimedia data can automatically be indexed by its semantic content. It will cover basic video analysis techniques, explain the different methods for video indexing, and explore how users can be given interactive access to the data. For both indexing and interactive access TRECVID evaluations will be considered. Finally, some more insight on the challenges ahead and how to meet them will be presented.
Miniature Corrugated Diaphragm for Fiber-Optic-Linked Pressure Sensing (FOLPS)

This paper presents miniature (diameter less than 1.5 mm) corrugated parylene/Cr/parylene diaphragms that provide ultra sensitive load-deflection (±100 μm for ±1kPa) and reflective surface for optical sensing. The design, fabrication, and test results of the ultra low pressure transducer for biomedical applications are reported here. The diaphragms have been attached to stainless steel tubes that are suitable for most endoscopes.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Sodium Orthovanadate Enhances Proliferation of Progenitor Cells in the Adult Rat Subventricular Zone after Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Neuronal progenitor cells able to produce new neuron and glia persist in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Their proliferation is up-regulated by growth factors or cytokines under some pathological conditions, including ischemia. Because sodium orthovanadate (SOV), a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, can up-regulate tyrosine kinase-linked growth factor receptor signaling via the inhibition of tyrosine residue dephosphorylation, it may be capable of enhancing progenitor cells. To investigate the effect of SOV on progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), we injected rats intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and 12.5 or 25 mM SOV or BrdU and saline (control) on days 1 to 7 after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The density of BrdU-positive cells in the ipsilateral SVZ showed a significant SOV dose-dependent increase. This effect was found only in the ipsilateral and not contralateral SVZ, and it was not found in nonischemic rats. Double immunolabeling with BrdU and double cortin, a marker of migrating neuroblast, revealed that the density of double-positive cells increased significantly in an SOV dose-dependent manner. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining suggested that the SOV-induced increase was not due to antiapoptotic effects. Treatment with SOV also significantly increased the density of cells positive for BrdU and phosphorylated Akt and BrdU and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We postulate that ischemia triggers off the proliferation of SVZ cells by bioactive factors such as growth factors and that SOV enhances the proliferation of only triggered-off SVZ cells with Akt and ERK activation. Our findings suggest that SOV may aid in the self-repair of the postischemic CNS.
The Frequency of DYT1 (GAG Deletion) Mutation in Primary Dystonia Patients from Iran

Objective: To determine the frequency of DYT1 mutation in Iranian patients affected with primary dystonia. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated 60 patients with primary dystonia who referred to the Tehran Medical Genetics Laboratory (TMGL) to determine the deletional mutation of 904-906 del GAG in the DYT1 gene. DNA extracted from patients’ peripheral blood was subjected to PCR-sequencing for exon 5 of the DYT1 gene. The collection of samples was based on random sampling. Results: The deletional mutation of 904-906 del GAG in the DYT1 gene (15099 to 15101 based on reference sequence: NG_008049.1) was identified in 11 patients (18.33%). The average age of affected patients with this mutation was 13.64 ± 7.4 years. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the DYT1 deletional mutation of 904-906 del GAG has a high frequency in Iranian patients in comparison with other non-Jewish populations. Therefore, this particular mutation may be the main representative of pathogenic DYT1 gene for a large proportion of Iranian patients with primary dystonia.
Finding temporal associative patterns of Web search with stock price movements for trading strategy design

Behavioral attention to stock markets in open source web search has attracted remarkable effort for financial analytics and applications in recent years. Differently from existing explorations at the overall market level, this paper investigates associative patterns that link search volume changes and stock price movements at individual stock level, so as to be able to support the design of flexible trading strategies. In doing so, a method (namely EATAPSP) is introduced as an extension to temporal associative pattern mining for time-series data, which can effectively discover the association between search volumes and stock prices in a temporal logic manner with the “after” predicate. Furthermore, the real world data on all China's A-share stocks from Shanghai Stock Exchange is used to test the method, revealing the effectiveness of the method. Moreover, with the discovered patterns, a new stock trading strategy (i.e., EATAPSP-Trading) is designed, which obtains superior cumulative returns and significantly outperforms other strategies.
Non-Lytic Egression of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Particles from Infected Cells

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the Birnaviridae family, is responsible for a devastating immunosuppressive disease affecting juvenile domestic chickens. IBDV particles are naked icosahedrons enclosing a bipartite double-stranded RNA genome harboring three open reading frames (ORF). One of these ORFs codes for VP5, a non-structural polypeptide dispensable for virus replication in tissue culture but essential for IBDV pathogenesis. Using two previously described recombinant viruses, whose genomes differ in a single nucleotide, expressing or not the VP5 polypeptide, we have analyzed the role of this polypeptide during the IBDV replication process. Here, we show that VP5 is not involved in house-keeping steps of the virus replication cycle; i.e. genome transcription/replication, protein translation and virus assembly. Although infection with the VP5 expressing and non-expressing viruses rendered similar intracellular infective progeny yields, striking differences were detected on the ability of their progenies to exiting infected cells. Experimental data shows that the bulk of the VP5-expressing virus progeny efficiently egresses infected cells during the early phase of the infection, when viral metabolism is peaking and virus-induced cell death rates are as yet minimal, as determined by qPCR, radioactive protein labeling and quantitative real-time cell death analyses. In contrast, the release of the VP5-deficient virus progeny is significantly abridged and associated to cell death. Taken together, data presented in this report show that IBDV uses a previously undescribed VP5-dependent non-lytic egress mechanism significantly enhancing the virus dissemination speed. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that newly assembled IBDV virions associate to a vesicular network apparently facilitating their trafficking from virus assembly factories to the extracellular milieu, and that this association requires the expression of the VP5 polypeptide.