Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiment and simulation of pedestrian counter $ ow

Pedestrian counter $ow is investigated by experiment and simulation. The experiment is performed for the channel with open boundaries. Two types of walkers, going to the right and to the left, are taken into account. The video recordings and measurements of individual arrival times are evaluated. The pattern formation and jamming transition are discussed. The experiment is mimicked by the lattice gas simulation where each person is simulated by a biased random walker taking into account following the front persons with the same direction. The experimental result is compared with the simulation result. It is shown that the arrival time obtained from experiment is consistent with that of the simulation. Also, the jamming transition does not occur in the experiment because of the 2nite size e4ect. c © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 05.70. Fh; 89.40. +k; 05.90. +m
AugLAC — Generic framework for augmented location aware commerce

In this paper we present AugLAC, a framework which integrates common features of location aware services, e-commerce and augmented reality into a single infrastructure for the development of location aware mobile applications. The research aim is to generalize the proposed framework to suit different business domains and to allow rapid development of applications using a component based architecture. Although this framework is mainly targeted for retail business domain it can be effectively used for other domains and use case scenarios where the basic principles apply.
Detection of feature lines in a point cloud by combination of first order segmentation and graph theory

We present a method to find closed feature lines which indicate sharp edges in a point cloud in the context of reverse engineering. We start with a first order segmentation which results in different point clusters. A weighted graph structure is built where vertices correspond to the resulting point clusters and edges connect neighboring clusters. By choosing the weights carefully, the minimum spanning tree gives, after removal of some particular edges, a first approximation of the feature lines. This approximation has many short branches, which we remove with a pruning algorithm. Since the resulting graph consists of many unconnected pieces of feature lines, we introduce an algorithm that grows a part of a feature line and connects it to another part of the same feature line. A final clean up results in a good polygonal approximation of the feature lines.
Application Aware DRAM Bank Partitioning in CMP

Main memory is a shared resource among cores in a chip and the speed gap between cores and main memory limits the total system performance. Thus, main memory should be effectively accessed by each core. Exploiting both parallelism and locality of main memory is the key to realize the efficient memory access. The parallelism between memory banks can hide the latency by pipelining memory accesses. The locality of memory accesses improves hit ratio of the row buffer in DRAM chips. The state-of-the-art method called bpart is proposed to improve memory access efficiency. In bpart one bank is monopolized by one thread and this monopolization improves row buffer locality because of alleviating inter-thread interference. However, bpart is not effective for the thread which has poor locality. Moreover, the bank level parallelism is not exploited. We propose the new bank partitioning method which exploits parallelism in addition to locality. Our method applies the two types of bank usage. One usage is that low locality threads share banks to improve parallelism, and the other usage is that each high locality thread monopolizes each bank to improve row buffer locality. We evaluate our proposed method by our in-house software simulator with SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark. On Average, system throughput is increased by 1.0% and minimum speedup (fairness metrics) is increased by 7.9% relative to bpart. This result shows that our porposed method has better performance and fairness than bpart.
New microstrip-to-CPS transition for millimeter-wave application

This paper presents new design guidelines for microstrip-to-CPS transition for millimeter-wave applications. A circular path transition is proposed with an advantage of reducing design time as well as improving bandwidth by reducing the coupling effect of the structure especially in the 60 GHz frequency band. This new transition method is studied using 3D full-wave EM simulation tool, CST microwave studio, and measured experimentally up to 67 GHz with Agilent PNA E8361C. Two structures of microstrip-to-CPS are presented in this paper. One approach uses an asymmetric T-junction and the other approach uses a symmetric T-junction. For a back-to-back microstrip-to-CPS transition experimental measurement, insertion loss of less than 3 dB was measured over a 14% bandwidth with a center frequency of 62 GHz for the asymmetric structure and insertion loss better than 2.8 dB is obtained over a 22% bandwidth for the symmetric structure around the target frequency of 60 GHz.
Efficient footprint caching for Tagless DRAM Caches

Efficient cache tag management is a primary design objective for large, in-package DRAM caches. Recently, Tagless DRAM Caches (TDCs) have been proposed to completely eliminate tagging structures from both on-die SRAM and in-package DRAM, which are a major scalability bottleneck for future multi-gigabyte DRAM caches. However, TDC imposes a constraint on DRAM cache block size to be the same as OS page size (e.g., 4KB) as it takes a unified approach to address translation and cache tag management. Caching at a page granularity, or page-based caching, incurs significant off-package DRAM bandwidth waste by over-fetching blocks within a page that are not actually used. Footprint caching is an effective solution to this problem, which fetches only those blocks that will likely be touched during the page's lifetime in the DRAM cache, referred to as the page's footprint. In this paper we demonstrate TDC opens up unique opportunities to realize efficient footprint caching with higher prediction accuracy and a lower hardware cost than the original footprint caching scheme. Since there are no cache tags in TDC, the footprints of cached pages are tracked at TLB, instead of cache tag array, to incur much lower on-die storage overhead than the original design. Besides, when a cached page is evicted, its footprint will be stored in the corresponding page table entry, instead of an auxiliary on-die structure (i.e., Footprint History Table), to prevent footprint thrashing among different pages, thus yielding higher accuracy in footprint prediction. The resulting design, called Footprint-augmented Tagless DRAM Cache (F-TDC), significantly improves the bandwidth efficiency of TDC, and hence its performance and energy efficiency. Our evaluation with 3D Through-Silicon-Via-based in-package DRAM demonstrates an average reduction of off-package bandwidth by 32.0%, which, in turn, improves IPC and EDP by 17.7% and 25.4%, respectively, over the state-of-the-art TDC with no footprint caching.
A novel lane changing algorithm with efficient method of lane detection

This paper presents an efficient method of lane detection and apply the detection results in vehicle auto lane departure. The inverse perspective mapping image is taken for line detection. During image preprocessing, PPHT method and a third degree Bezier spline are applied for line fitting step. Meanwhile, linear clustering is taken to reduce the excessive lines. Not only the lines in the current driving lane can be detected, but also lines of neighboring lanes when vehicle is changing lanes can be detected. Besides, an algorithm of trajectory planning is introduced as a prerequisite for the implementation of lane changing. Fields results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Learning of Risk Preference in Auctions : Nonparametric Identification and Estimation

This paper provides a nonparametric analysis of bidders’risk preference in first-price sealed-bid auctions within the independent value paradigm. Under the assumption of heterogeneous risk preference among bidders, we show that the “learning rules" of bidders’ risk preference, i.e., how bidders update their risk preference based on the previous bidding results, is nonparametrically identified. Our nonparametric identification procedure does not depend on the specification of risk preference, and the procedure is constructive in that it implies a consistent estimator of bidders’“learning rule" of risk preference. The identification and estimation are complete and we plan to conduct a Monte Carlo study to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator. We will also apply the methodology to U.S. Forest Service timber auction data, and provide some evidence on bidders’updating their risk preference by estimating the “learning rules". JEL Classification: C14, D03, D44
An approach towards end-to-end QoS with statistical multiplexing in ATM networks

We address the problem of providing quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees in a multiple hop packet/cell switched environment while providing high link utilization in the presence of bursty traffic. A scheme based on bandwidth and buffer reservations at the Virtual Path level is proposed for ATNI networks. This approach enables us to provide accurate end-to-end QoS guarantees while achieving high utilization by employing statistical multiplexing and traffic shaping of bursty traffic sources. A simple round robin scheduler is proposed for realizing this approach and is shown to be implementable using standard ATlVi hardware viz. cell spacers. The problem of distributing the bandwidth and buffer space assigned to a VP over its multiple hops is addressed. We prove the optimality of the approach of allowing all the end-to-end loss to occur at the first hop under some conditions and show that its performance can be bounded with respect to the optimal in other conditions. This results in an equal amount of bandwidth to a VP at each hop and essentially no queueing after the first hop. Using simulations, the average case performance of this approach is also found to be good. Additional simulation results are presented to evaluate the proposed approach.
A Model-Driven Approach for the Development of Middleware Technologies for Ubiquitous Systems

Communication technologies are crucial in ubiquitous systems, and consequently, in AmI Systems. Developers should be able to make design decisions about these technologies in order to fulfill the requirements of each specific system. As a consequence, choosing and using specific ones (protocols, middleware, networking technologies, etc.) is actually not only a technical but a design problem that has consequences in relation with the supported applications/systems (e.g. mobile applications, context-aware systems, ambient intelligence environments, etc). However, the use of communication technologies require a high level of expertise, specially when using middleware technologies, since they usually entail a complex design. This research work intends to contribute to simplifying and improving the design, use and understanding of existing or future communication technologies. This paper proposes a model-driven approach to simplify the development of complex communication schemes. From the abstract specification of a communication scheme as a Computation Independent Model (CIM), it is derived a Platform Independent Model (PIM), which comprises the elements present in ubiquitous systems. Middleware technologies and their particular settings conform to Platform Specific Models (PSM) that stem from applying transformation rules to that PIM. To automatize the transformation process, the approach has been implemented with EMF and ATL. Finally, as a case study, the model-driven development of a middleware for ubiquitous systems is presented.
Accelerated Growth Rate and Increased Drought Stress Resilience of the Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon Colonized by Bacillus subtilis B26

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGB) induce positive effects in plants, for instance, increased growth and reduced abiotic stresses susceptibility. The mechanisms by which these bacteria impact the host plant are numerous, diverse and often specific. Here, we studied the agronomical, molecular and biochemical effects of the endophytic PGB Bacillus subtilis B26 on the full life cycle of Brachypodium distachyon Bd21, an established model species for functional genomics in cereal crops and temperate grasses. Inoculation of Brachypodium with B. subtilis strain B26 increased root and shoot weights, accelerated growth rate and seed yield as compared to control plants. B. subtilis strain B26 efficiently colonized the plant and was recovered from roots, stems and blades as well as seeds of Brachypodium, indicating that the bacterium is able to migrate, spread systemically inside the plant, establish itself in the aerial plant tissues and organs, and is vertically transmitted to seeds. The presence of B. subtilis strain B26 in the seed led to systemic colonization of the next generation of Brachypodium plants. Inoculated Brachypodium seedlings and mature plants exposed to acute and chronic drought stress minimized the phenotypic effect of drought compared to plants not harbouring the bacterium. Protection from the inhibitory effects of drought by the bacterium was linked to upregulation of the drought-response genes, DREB2B-like, DHN3-like and LEA-14-A-like and modulation of the DNA methylation genes, MET1B-like, CMT3-like and DRM2-like, that regulate the process. Additionally, total soluble sugars and starch contents increased in stressed inoculated plants, a biochemical indication of drought tolerance. In conclusion, we show a single inoculation of Brachypodium with a PGB affected the whole growth cycle of the plant, accelerating its growth rates, shortening its vegetative period, and alleviating drought stress effects. These effects are relevant to grasses and cereal crops.
An Improved Data Storage Mechanism for Static/Dynamic Forms in Web-Based Workflow Systems

This paper proposes an innovative data storage mechanism for forms of web-based workflow systems in which various forms communicate with each other quite frequently to carry out workflow handling. To realise this approach, several methods mainly about string theory as well as string variable processing are provided. Moreover, it can deal with forms both in static and dynamic kinds. The key distinction of this approach is that we would care nothing about the contents of every forms in workflow systems. This can significantly simplify the table structure and data storage of the database.
Learning compliant assembly motions from demonstration

Automating assembly processes outside controlled factory environments is still rare, mostly because of the inherent position uncertainties. The use of compliant motions allows robustness against the uncertainty, but automatic planning of compliant motion sequences is not computationally feasible. In this paper, we show how compliant assembly motions can be learned from human demonstrations. A human teacher will kinesthetically demonstrate compliant motions where the physical shapes of assembled parts guide the motion. From these demonstrations, the proposed method identifies desired direction of movement, the number of compliant axes and their directions. We use this information to construct an impedance controller which can reproduce the assembly motion despite uncertainty in the starting position. The method is studied with a KUKA LWR4+ arm in two test setups with different number of physically constrained degrees of freedom. The experimental study shows that the method is able to correctly identify the motion parameters and allows the robot to successfully perform the demonstrated assembly motion from various unseen starting positions.
Resilient networks with non-simple p-cycles

The protection of network elements is investigated with non-simple p-cycles. Four types of non-simple cycles are presented. The characteristics of non-simple cycles are discussed, with the presentation of the basic examples when there is an advantage compared to the protection of elementary cycles only. A combined mathematical formulation for the routing and p-cycle optimization process is developed, and the results are compared to protect a pan-European network with elementary cycles and non-simple cycles.
Exploring Semantic Information in Hindi WordNet for Hindi Dependency Parsing

In this paper, we present our efforts towards incorporating external knowledge from Hindi WordNet to aid dependency parsing. We conduct parsing experiments on Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language, utilizing the information from concept ontologies available in Hindi WordNet to complement the morpho-syntactic information already available. The work is driven by the insight that concept ontologies capture a specific real world aspect of lexical items, which is quite distinct and unlikely to be deduced from morpho-syntactic information such as morph, POS-tag and chunk. This complementing information is encoded as an additional feature for data driven parsing and experiments are conducted. We perform experiments over datasets of different sizes. We achieve an improvement of 1.1% (LAS) when training on 1,000 sentences and 0.2% (LAS) on 13,371 sentences over the baseline. The improvements are statistically significant at p<0.01. The higher improvements on 1,000 sentences suggest that the semantic information could address the data sparsity problem.
Innate Immunity and the Inter-exposure Interval Determine the Dynamics of Secondary Influenza Virus Infection and Explain Observed Viral Hierarchies

Influenza is an infectious disease that primarily attacks the respiratory system. Innate immunity provides both a very early defense to influenza virus invasion and an effective control of viral growth. Previous modelling studies of virus–innate immune response interactions have focused on infection with a single virus and, while improving our understanding of viral and immune dynamics, have been unable to effectively evaluate the relative feasibility of different hypothesised mechanisms of antiviral immunity. In recent experiments, we have applied consecutive exposures to different virus strains in a ferret model, and demonstrated that viruses differed in their ability to induce a state of temporary immunity or viral interference capable of modifying the infection kinetics of the subsequent exposure. These results imply that virus-induced early immune responses may be responsible for the observed viral hierarchy. Here we introduce and analyse a family of within-host models of re-infection viral kinetics which allow for different viruses to stimulate the innate immune response to different degrees. The proposed models differ in their hypothesised mechanisms of action of the non-specific innate immune response. We compare these alternative models in terms of their abilities to reproduce the re-exposure data. Our results show that 1) a model with viral control mediated solely by a virus-resistant state, as commonly considered in the literature, is not able to reproduce the observed viral hierarchy; 2) the synchronised and desynchronised behaviour of consecutive virus infections is highly dependent upon the interval between primary virus and challenge virus exposures and is consistent with virus-dependent stimulation of the innate immune response. Our study provides the first mechanistic explanation for the recently observed influenza viral hierarchies and demonstrates the importance of understanding the host response to multi-strain viral infections. Re-exposure experiments provide a new paradigm in which to study the immune response to influenza and its role in viral control.
Semi-Automatic Trend Detection in Scholarly Repository Using Semantic Approach

Currently WWW is the first solution for scholars in finding information. But, analyzing and interpreting this volume of information will lead to researchers overload in pursuing their research. Trend detection in scientific publication retrieval systems helps scholars to find relevant, new and popular special areas by visualizing the trend of input topic. However, there are few researches on trend detection in scientific corpora while their proposed models do not appear to be suitable. Previous works lack of an appropriate representation scheme for research topics. This paper describes a method that combines Semantic Web and ontology to support advance search functions such as trend detection in the context of scholarly Semantic Web system (SSWeb). Keywords—Trend, Semi-Automatic Trend Detection, Ontology, Semantic Trend Detection.
On polyhedral approximations in p -order cone programming

This paper discusses the use of polyhedral approximations in solving of p -order cone programming (pOCP) problems, or linear problems with p -order cone constraints, and their mixed-integer extensions. In particular, it is shown that the cutting-plane technique proposed in Krokhmal and Soberanis (2010) for a special type of polyhedral approximations of pOCP problems, which allows for generation of cuts in a constant time not dependent on the accuracy of approximation, is applicable to a larger family of polyhedral approximations. We also show that it can further be extended to form an exact solution method for pOCP problems with O. " (cid:0) 1 / iteration complexity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an analogous constant-time cut generating algorithm exists for recursively constructed lifted polyhedral approximations of second-order cones due to Ben-Tal and Nemirovski (2001). It is also shown that the developed polyhedral approximations and the corresponding cutting plane solution methods can be efﬁciently used for obtaining exact solutions of mixed-integer pOCP problems.
Surfactant administration in neonates: A review of delivery methods

Despite the enormous success and widespread use of surfactant for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, optimal delivery methods for its administration in preterm infants remain unclear. Although substantial advances in respiratory care have occurred since early studies investigating this topic were published, the literature remains limited, and is often conflicting and dated. This review discusses several important aspects of surfactant administration, ventilation strategies and other key considerations. The authors also provide a detailed protocol for surfactant administration used at the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Quebec.
A University and District ESOL Partnership: Collaboration Within the Context of Common Core State Standards Implementation

This article examines a pilot project that engaged a university-based teacher educator as a collaborating partner within a local school district. The partnership was established to provide English to Speakers of Other Languages teachers with professional development in a school district with a growing English learner population. The process for developing this innovative collaboration and teacher perceptions of this work are analyzed, with a focus on the specific demands and opportunities resulting from Common Core State Standards implementation. In particular, how this university and district collaboration provided opportunities to grapple with meeting the instructional needs of English learners within the context of Common Core State Standards implementation and teacher perceptions of engaging with a university-based partner are illuminated. Implications for research and practice are discussed.