Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Infrastructure Investment and Economic Growth: A Sector Wise Investigation for India Using Westerlund Panel Cointegration Approach

The paper aims to empirically analyze the relationship between Public Infrastructure Investment and economic growth for India using yearly data for its twenty-eight states (excluding Telangana) over the time-period of 1999-00 to 2014-15. We have aimed to assess this eye catching issue after the recent focus of Indian government to devote a majority of public funds to finance Infrastructure. For all the states, we have taken Public Investment data for six major sub sectors falling under overall Infrastructure sector: Transport, Education, Sports, Art and Culture, Medical and Public Health, Water supply and sanitation, Irrigation, Energy/Power. The Per Capita Gross State Domestic Product is taken as an indicator to represent economic growth. For empirical analysis, we apply panel unit root and cointegration tests, and estimate a panel error correction model. The Per Capita Gross State Domestic Product along with Public Investment in analyzed sectors have a unit root at their levels suggesting that there is presence of long-term relationships among the variables for the whole sample. Finally, Granger causality tests are applied to check for the presence of causal relationships between Per Capita Gross State Domestic Product and Public Investment in different sub sectors of Infrastructure. The research study proposes that the state governments across India should focus upon private as well as foreign direct investment options which would ultimately help in improving the landscape of Indiaâ€™s Infrastructure sector.
Benzylaminium perchlorate–18-crown-6 (1/1)

In the title compound, C7H10N+·ClO4 −·C20H24O6, the protonated benzylamine cation forms a rotator–stator complex with the 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) molecule via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The cations are associated via weak C—H⋯π interactions, forming chains parallel to [011], while the perclorate anions are located between these chains.
Intracerebroventricular administration of GABA‐A and GABA‐B receptor antagonists attenuate feeding and sleeping‐like behavior induced by L‐pipecolic acid in neonatal chicks

It has been demonstrated that L‐pipecolic acid (L‐PA), a major metabolic intermediate of L‐lysine (L‐Lys) in the mammalian and chicken brain, is involved in the functioning of the GABAergic system. A previous study has shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of L‐PA suppressed feeding and induced sleep‐like behavior in neonatal chicks; however, the precise relationship between the GABAergic system and L‐PA has not been clarified. In the present study, the role of the GABA‐A or GABA‐B receptors in the suppression of food intake and induction of sleeping‐like behavior by L‐PA was investigated. Chicks were injected i.c. v. with the GABA‐A antagonist picrotoxin or GABA‐B antagonist CGP54626 along with L‐PA. Although suppression of food intake by L‐PA was restored partially by co‐injection with CGP54626, but not picrotoxin, sleep‐like behavior induced by L‐PA was suppressed significantly by both antagonists. These results suggested that L‐PA activated both GABA‐A and GABA‐B receptors, and GABA‐B receptors alone contributed to food intake whereas both receptors contributed to sleep‐like behavior. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preterm Growth Restraint: A Paradigm That Unifies Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Preterm Extrauterine Growth Retardation and Has Implications for the Small-for-Gestational-Age Indication in Growth Hormone Therapy

Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as a birth weight and/or length >2 SDs below the gender-specific population reference mean for gestational age. However, there is confusion about various aspects of this term, as recently discussed.1,2 The term “intrauterine growth retardation” (IUGR) is often used for the same condition but preferably should be restricted to poor growth during pregnancy according to intrauterine growth diagrams used in obstetrics.3 SGA after a normal duration of gestation (37–42 weeks) is usually followed by rapid growth after birth (catch-up growth). It has been demonstrated that almost 90% of term SGA infants catch up in height in the first 2 years of postnatal life.4,5 On average, the human male has a birth length of 51 cm after term gestation and a final height, in the Netherlands, of 184 cm. Thus, in the 9 months before birth, he has reached almost 30% of his adult height potential. Fetal length velocity at midgestation is >10-fold higher than pubertal peak height velocity (Fig 1). Thus, very preterm infants are exposed to extrauterine life during a period that normally is characterized by rapid intrauterine growth. To survive, their energy expenditure shifts from growth-promoting actions to survival strategies to cope with the increased requirements of unintended postnatal life. Extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) is often the result. Preterm infants whose mothers suffered from conditions such as preeclampsia are usually already growth-retarded at birth. Nonetheless, regardless of whether the child is born SGA, very preterm infants tend to be small at term, and a considerable proportion of them even meet criteria for SGA by that age. A study among 52 … Address correspondence to J.M. Wit, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. E-mail: j.m. wit{at}lumc.nl
Test nonlinear determinacy of Electromyogram

To test whether electromyogram (EMG) is nonlinear deterministic signal or just random noise, we analyzed four EMGs data of an adult woman. EMG is assessed with the correlation dimension (D2), maximum Lyapunov exponent (lambda1), approximate entropy(ApEn), recurrence plot analysis (RPA) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). From all the results of these assessments we can conclude that EMG obeys a certain nonlinear deterministic law and nonstationarity is significant within this signal
A Case Study of Chewed Truvada® for PrEP Maintaining Protective drug Levels as Measured by a Novel Urine Tenofovir Assay

Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF; Truvada®) given as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) successfully blocks HIV when taken once daily prior to potential HIV exposure. A 22-year-old male reported difficulty swallowing FTC/TDF for PrEP and subsequently began chewing the FTC/TDF tablets. Monthly urine samples assessed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated tenofovir levels >1,000 ng/ml, indicative of protection from HIV acquisition, over a 48-week period. Data from observational studies of HIV-positive patients details the successful treatment of HIV using crushed FTC/TDF delivered via feeding and gastronomy tubes while small, randomized trials of healthy volunteers demonstrate bioequivalence between whole and crushed FTC/TDF.
Quantitative Evaluation of English-Japanese Machine Translation of Medical Literature

Abstract Although many machine-translation programs are currently available, few evaluation methods of such translation exist for any given application area. It is difficult to evaluate machine-translation systems objectively because the quality of a translation depends on the combination of three factors: the translation program, the dictionary, and the original document. In this study, we developed a quantitative evaluation method for assessing machine translation, which evaluates these three factors separately. We applied this method to the translation of English to Japanese for medical literature and the method proved to be a good indicator for further system improvement. Using this method we also discovered other important points for machine translation, such as the examination of target documents for the construction of a better application dictionary.
Dynamics of Trade Liberalization

Abstract: The basic premise of this paper is that trade liberalization has important dynamic implications which are beyond the scope of static applied general equilibrium models. We argue that incorporating intertemporal optimization in applied general equilibrium modeling is a primising way to capture the dynamics of commercial policy. In particular, this allows one, not only to pin down the growth effects often attributed to liberalization efforts, but also to evaluate these in welfare terms.Moreover, current account adjustment may be addressed in a consistent way. We offer a brief survey of the relevant literature and then illustrate our point by presenting a specific computational model which is calibrated to Austrian data. Our model features overlapping generations with life-time uncertainty. Investment and savings are determined by intertemporal optimization under perfect foresight. The model presentation especially emphasizes the implications of overlapping generations for household dynamics and the measurement of welfare effects. We briefly comment on calibration of dynamic parameters, and then apply the calibrated model to various commercial policy scenarios. ;
State estimation with WAMS/SCADA hybrid measurements

In this paper, a state estimation (SE) method with equality constraints is proposed for the power system. This method aims to construct a SE objective function combined with the constraints of zero-injection nodes and wide area measurement system (WAMS) in order to improve the precision of SE. The optimal estimation can be derived from the SE objective function with double constraints by the optimization theory of Lagrange multipliers method. A standard test system has been used to prove the efficiency and the real-time performance of the proposed method, the precision is improved and the real-time performance is similar in the certain scope comparing with the traditional SE method.
Examining hookah use among U.S. college students

has a popular form of tobacco use among college students. However, there is limited research exploring the risk factors associated with hookah use among this population. This study examined two risk factors, harm perceptions and beliefs about government evaluation of hookah, associated with current use of hookah among 18-24 year old college students, and looked at differences between current hookah users and non-users on cigarette smoking status, various demographic characteristics, and the two risk factors (harm perceptions and beliefs). Participants were 5,028 university students aged 18-24 ( M age = 20.5 years; 59.6% female) from seven public universities within a larger university system. Students completed an online survey, which assessed their knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to hookah use. In this sample, 10.8% of participants reported current or past 30-day hookah use. There were differences between current hookah users and non-users on cigarette smoking status, gender, race/ethnicity, harm perceptions, as well as beliefs about government evaluation of hookah. Cigarette smokers, males, non-Hispanic White students, students reporting lower harm perceptions regarding hookah use, and those who believed the government evaluates hookah for safety were significantly more likely than their peers to be current hookah users. Results from a logistic regression analysis indicated that after controlling for cigarette smoking status, gender, and race/ethnicity, harm perceptions of hookah use, but not beliefs about government safety evaluation of hookah, was associated with an increased likelihood of
Reliable Detection of Dead Microbial Cells by Using Fluorescent Hydrazides

ABSTRACT We have developed a new method for accurate quantification of dead microbial cells. This technique employs the simultaneous use of fluorescent hydrazides and nucleic acid dyes. Fluorescent hydrazides allow detection of cells that cannot be detected with currently used high-affinity nucleic acid dyes. This is particularly important for nongrowing bacterial populations and for multicellular communities containing physiologically heterogeneous cell populations, such as colonies and biofilms.
Selective Proteomic Proximity Labeling Assay Using Tyramide (SPPLAT): A Quantitative Method for the Proteomic Analysis of Localized Membrane‐Bound Protein Clusters

This manuscript describes a new and general method to identify proteins localized into spatially restricted membrane microenvironments. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is brought into contact with a target protein by being covalently linked to a primary or secondary antibody, an antigen or substrate, a drug, or a toxin. A biotinylated tyramide‐based reagent is then added. In the presence of HRP and hydrogen peroxide, the reagent is converted into a free radical that only diffuses a short distance before covalently labeling proteins within a few tens to hundreds of nanometers from the target. The biotinylated proteins can then be isolated by standard affinity chromatography and identified by liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The assay can be made quantitative by using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) or isobaric tagging at the peptide level. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy proportional computing with OpenCL on a FPGA-based overlay architecture

This paper proposes an architecture inspired by ARM big.LITTLE that combines a hardened host with a cluster of soft processors of different complexities, performance and energy profiles. This coarse-grained FPGA overlay architecture results in a hardware accelerator that offers software like programmability, fast compilation, improved design productivity and application portability. A programming flow based on OpenCL is introduced to allow application programmers to implement parallel algorithms at higher level of abstractions. Current OpenCL tools for FPGAs suffer from long compilation times and limited compiler support. Minor changes to the algorithm normally mean full implementation cycles that can take several hours to complete. The proposed architecture allows changes to the application at run-time with cross-compilation done in the host during program execution. To compensate for the loss of performance compared with custom logic the FPGA cluster supports adaptive voltage scaling that enables higher clock frequencies and better adaptation to the program load. Experimental results demonstrates 70% improvement in computational time and 80% reduction in energy consumption by computing OpenCL kernel on different clusters and various operating voltages and frequencies.
A CMOS current reference based on generating PTC currents

A CMOS current reference circuit without resistors is described. The output current is obtained by the difference between currents with positive temperature coefficients (PTC). The circuit is designed in 65 nm CMOS standard process, operates in the temperature range [-40, +140] °C with supply voltage from 2.2 V to 2.8 V (2.5 V nominal) and generates 1 μA reference current. It has 10.5 ppm/°C temperature coefficient, 0.95 nA/V line sensitivity and -190 dB power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) at low frequencies.
TNF‐α accounts for short‐term persistence of oxidative status in rat brain after two weeks of repeated stress

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐2) accounts for the accumulation of oxidative and nitrosative mediators in brain after stress. To determine whether and when repeated exposure to immobilization stress leads to persistent oxidative status in rat brain, male Wistar rats were immobilized for 6 h/day for 7 or 14 days (S7, S14). Cerebral cortices were obtained immediately after the last session of stress or 1 day later. Stress increased NOS‐2 activity after S7 or S14. This enzymatic activity returned to basal values 1 day after S7, but not 1 day after S14. Stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in cortex after S7 and S14. MDA levels returned to basal values 1 day after S7 but not 1 day after S14. In order to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in this short‐term persistence of oxidative status, brain levels of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were determined. TNF‐α levels did not increase after S7 or 1 day after S7, but increased after S14 and 1 day after S14. This was paralleled by an increase in TNF‐α converting enzyme (TACE) activity in brain. When the increase in TNF‐α at S14 was blocked by BB1101, an inhibitor of TACE, or its effects were blocked with anti‐TNF‐α, the accumulation of MDA and NOS‐2 activity 1 day after S14 did not take place. These findings indicate that TACE and TNF‐α account for stress‐induced short‐term persistence of NOS‐2 activity and MDA accumulation after 14 days of repeated exposure and support a possible neuroprotective role for specific blockers of TNF‐α in this situation.
The association of total cholesterol with processing speed is moderated by age in mid- to late-age healthy adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the nature of the association of normal levels of total cholesterol with cognitive function and the contribution of age to this association. Methods: A sample of 61 senior executives, who were summoned for an annual medical examination with approximately four measurements of total cholesterol during 4 years, were examined with a computerized cognitive battery assessing mental processing speed as a sensitive measure of cognitive decline. We examined the association of total cholesterol with processing speed and the moderating effect of age on this association. Results: A multiple regression analysis yielded a significant interaction between cholesterol and age for processing speed (p = .045). In order to examine the source of the interaction, simple slope analysis was performed. A significant negative high correlation was found for young subjects (p = .021), while no significant correlation was observed at middle (p = .286) or older (p = .584) age. The difference in slopes was robust to adjustment for potential confounding factors, including body mass index, and fasting glucose. Conclusions: Within the normal range, higher total cholesterol levels were associated with better processing speed in younger ages and this association diminished with increasing age. Our findings highlight the important role of brain cholesterol in good cognitive functioning.
Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in black infants in South Africa

The molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections in black infants in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa, was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Between 1983 and 1986, 14 different RNA electrophoretic patterns were observed for children with acute gastroenteritis. These electrophoretypes showed a sequential pattern of appearance, with a limited number being present at any one time. In contrast, for neonates only one RNA electrophoretype was detected, which persisted for at least 3 years.
An experimental test of the causes of small‐scale phenotypic differentiation in a population of great tits

Phenotypic differentiation between populations is thought to occur mainly at spatial scales where gene‐flow is restricted and selection regimes differ. However, if gene flow is nonrandom, dispersal may reinforce, rather than counteract, evolutionary differentiation, meaning that differences occurring over small scales might have a genetic basis. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of differences in mean phenotype between two parts of a population of great tits Parus major, separated by <3 km. We conducted a partial cross‐fostering experiment between two contrasting parts of this population to separate genetic and environmental sources of variation, and to test for gene–environment interaction. We found strong environmental effects on nestling size, mass and condition index, with nestlings reared in a low density part of the population being larger, heavier and in better condition, than those in a high density part, irrespective of their origin. In addition, we found smaller, but significant, differences in nestling condition and shape associated with the areas that birds originated from, suggesting the presence of genetic differences between parts of this population. There was no evidence of gene–environment interaction for any character. This experiment is thus consistent with previous analyses suggesting that differences between parts of this population had evolved recently, apparently due to phenotype‐dependent dispersal, and indicates that population differentiation can be maintained over small spatial scales despite extensive dispersal.
Joint time delay and carrier frequency offset estimation for near equal power co-channel OFDM signals using low rank adaptive filters

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems is difficult in co-channel interference (CCI), i.e. when a second user overlaps the signal-of-interest (SOI). Previous work presented a rank selection method applying MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) to the time-domain signals, for jointly estimating the CFOs of two co-channel OFDM users, based on power level differences. In this paper, we apply a joint reduced rank implementation of this algorithm based on a more efficient method, the Reduced Order Correlation Kernel Estimation Technique (ROCKET). We compare ROCKET to the original MUSIC algorithm and show that ROCKET greatly improves CFO estimation accuracy when the CFOs of the two signals are nearly the same and time delays are random. We also compare ROCKET's CFO estimation accuracy to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and show it achieves better accuracy than MUSIC, especially at low carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), as well as improved bit error rate (BER) performance. Since synchronization must be obtained to estimate CFO, and given the ease with which OFDM signals may be transformed between time and frequency, we first apply the ROCKET algorithm in the frequency domain to jointly estimate the time delays of both users simultaneously. CFO (or delay) estimation accuracy is sufficient with a power difference between the SOI and the interferer, i.e. CIR, of just 0.5 dB, whereas the MUSIC algorithm only operates well down to CIR of 1-2 dB. The approach is to apply ROCKET in the time (or frequency) domain at rank D = k so that the frequency (or time) at which the spectrum peak occurs is the normalized CFO (or delay) estimate for the kth strongest user for all K users of the system. Hence, ranks D = 1 and D = 2 are applied when K = 2 users overlap
Trade liberalization and export sophistication in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This paper empirically examines the impacts of trade liberalization policy on the sophistication level of Vietnam's exports from 2001 to 2010. The export sophistication measure proposed by Hausmann and co-workers is computed by using the disaggregated trade data. By descriptive analysis, this indicator reveals that Vietnam's export structure was similar to that of Indonesia and the Philippines and then became much more similar to Thailand after Vietnam's accession to World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition, this paper econometrically analyzes the effects of trade liberalization on Vietnam's industry-level export sophistication with the additional consideration of its WTO accession in 2007. This paper suggests that tariff reductions have a positive impact on the sophistication level of Vietnam's industry exports. Trade liberalization has a stronger impact on the nonmanufacturing sectors than on manufacturing sectors. However, the results also imply that the WTO membership does not have any additional effects on Vietnam's industry export sophistication.