Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Splicing Determines the Post-endocytic Sorting Fate of G-protein-coupled Receptors*

Mu-type opioid receptors are physiologically important G-protein-coupled receptors that are generally thought to recycle after agonist-induced endocytosis. Here we show that several alternatively spliced receptor variants fail to do so efficiently because of splice-mediated removal of an endocytic sorting sequence that is present specifically in the MOR1 variant. All of the recycling-impaired receptor variants were found to undergo proteolytic down-regulation more rapidly than MOR1, irrespective of moderate differences in endocytic rate, indicating that alternative splicing plays a specific role in distinguishing the trafficking itinerary of receptors after endocytosis. The recycling-impaired MOR1B variant was similar to MOR1 in its ability to mediate opioid-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, and to undergo opioid-induced desensitization in intact cells. Functional recovery (resensitization) of MOR1B-mediated cellular responsiveness after opioid removal, however, was significantly impaired (4-fold reduction in rate) compared with MOR1. To our knowledge the present results are the first to establish a role of alternative RNA processing in specifying the post-endocytic sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors between divergent and functionally distinct membrane pathways.
‘Scaling up’ educational change: some musings on misrecognition and doxic challenges

Educational policy-makers around the world are strongly committed to the notion of ‘scaling up’. This can mean anything from encouraging more teachers to take up a pedagogical innovation, all the way through to system-wide efforts to implement ‘what works’ across all schools. In this paper, I use Bourdieu’s notions of misrecognition to consider the current orthodoxies of scaling up. I argue that the focus on ‘process’ and ‘implementation problems’: (1) both obscures and legitimates the ways in which the field logics of practice actually work and, (2) produces/reproduces the inequitable distribution of educational benefits (capitals and life opportunities). I suggest that the notion of misrecognition might provide a useful lens through which to examine reform initiatives and explanations of their success/failure.
Evaluating Learning Algorithms to Support Human Rule - Evaluation Based on Objective Rule Evaluation Indices

In this paper, we present an evaluation of learning algorithms of a novel rule evaluation support method for post-processing of mined results with rule evaluation models based on objective indices. Post-processing of mined results is one of the key processes in a data mining process. However, it is difficult for human experts to completely evaluate several thousands of rules from a large dataset with noise. To reduce the costs in such rule evaluation task, we have developed a rule evaluation support method with rule evaluation models that learn from a dataset. This dataset comprises objective indices for mined classification rules and evaluation by a human expert for each rule. To evaluate performances of learning algorithms for constructing the rule evaluation models, we have done a case study on the meningitis data mining as an actual problem. Furthermore, we have also evaluated our method with ten rule sets obtained from ten UCI datasets. With regard to these results, we show the availability of our rule evaluation support method for human experts.
Evidence for a Multiple-process Account of the Generation Effect

Model-based measurement procedures are described that result in measures for the probability of sufficient storage and the probability of successful retrieval. These procedures were applied in a study of the underlying memory changes that occur as a function of generative encoding and the degree of congruity of the response to the provided stem. Consistent with previous findings, free recall data resulted in a congruous generation effect, and a larger, incongruous generation effect. Newly developed process measures showed that the two generation conditions (congruous and incongruous) both had higher rates for the probability of sufficient storage than the two corresponding read conditions. The additional improvement in free recall for the incongruous generation condition was strictly due to a gain in the probability of retrieval. Evidence is thus provided that there is an important role for both storage and retrieval processes in explaining the full range of generation effects.
Effect of gadolinium chloride treatment on concanavalin A-induced cytokine mRNA expression in mouse liver.

The effect of Kupffer cell depression on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cytokine mRNA expression in the liver was studied. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) is a commonly used Kupffer cell inhibitor. GdCl3 (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into each mouse, and 24 hr later, Con A (0.2 mg/mouse) was administered. Plasma was obtained at 24 hr after Con A treatment for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. GdCl3 treatment inhibited Con A-induced elevation of ALT. However, it did not inhibit Con A-induced interleukin-2 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression. The present results suggest that Kupffer cells are not responsible for Con A-induced cytokine expression in the liver.
Design of a Multi-Strategy Parallelization for an Entire Application of Document Categorization on Low-Cost Multiprocessor PCs

This paper introduces a research about parallelization of an entire application of Document- Categorization. The objective of this parallel computing research is to obtain a parallelization that can be successfully used on low cost and largely diffused shared memory multiprocessor PCs (not only on powerful and expensive supercomputers), and without any change in the input, output and user interface of the application (under Windows OS). This is a first step toward a parallelization on a cluster of multiprocessor PC, a more generic and still low cost parallel architecture. In this article, we describe parallel algorithms and programming technics we have designed to reach good performances on low cost but limited PC architecture. This leads us to introduce different parallelization strategies, for the different parts of the application, dealing with numerous disk accesses and the variety of configurations chosen by the users. Each parallelization is described and evaluated, and global performances of the final mix are introduced on 4-processor PC with SCSI disk technology and on a more recent 2-processor PC with IDE disk technology, leading to different but significant decreases of execution time. Then we can upgrade regularly our parallel machines to remain competitive compared to new sequential machines, because their low cost allows frequent upgrade and we always reach interesting speed up. The chosen application has been first designed to easily evaluate some classification algorithms (useful to Text-Mining researchers), and second to detect errors in previous manually categorizations and to advise some changes (useful to end-users).
‘Normalizing the Novel’: How Is Culture Addressed in Child Protection Work With Ethnic-Minority Families in Australia?

ABSTRACT To address the need for empirical evidence on how culture is and should be addressed in child protection work in Australia to ensure equity in service delivery, this study reviewed 120 case files of children from ethnic-minority, Aboriginal, and Anglo backgrounds and conducted 46 qualitative interviews with ethnic-minority client families and the caseworkers who service them. Overall, the results indicated that the issue of culture for ethnic-minority families receives less consideration than it does for Aboriginal families and more than it does for Anglo families, indicating that cross-cultural parity is yet to be achieved. To ensure equity in service delivery, it is important that culture is neither overlooked nor used to essentialize the needs and experiences of ethnic-minority families; balancing the amount of attention that culture receives in child protection work may help “normalize the novel”—that is, reduce the use of cultural stereotypes without reducing the significance of cultural factors in child protection work with culturally nonmainstream families. Mandatory consultation with “multicultural” caseworkers may help get the balance right and warrants future research.
Latinas' Practices of Emergence: Between Cultural Narratives and Globalization on the U.S.–Mexico Border

In this article, we attempt to map out the “in-between” space between global and cultural narratives that mediates women's educational trajectories. Case studies of women living on the U.S.–Mexico border make visible these spaces, sites of “practices of emergence”: the practices that emerge from incommensurable economic demands and social prescriptions and produced in the act of social survival. In negotiating both global and cultural narratives, materially and ideologically, the occupants and ideas that inhabit these spaces are in constant flux, resulting in the reformulation of the notions of mothering, pedagogy, and place, resulting in variable educational outcomes for women.
Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Many of the MR examinations performed in the world each year are accompanied by administration of one of these frequently used intravenous contrast agents: Magnevist, Omniscan, and ProHance. Accordingly, MR practitioners must understand the basic pharmacokinetics, side effects, and the potential for adverse events for these contrast agents. Additionally, MR practitioners must know how to manage side effects and adverse events that may occur in association with the administration of contrast agents. Notably, the use of MR imaging contrast agents in special patient populations must be understood. This article discusses each of these important issues. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:477–484. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Relationship With God? Connecting with the Divine to Assuage Fears of Interpersonal Rejection

We examine the possibility that people can leverage their “relationship” with God as a stand-in for interpersonal relationships. More specifically, we hypothesize that people will seek closeness with the divine when facing the threat of interpersonal rejection and that conversely, they will seek interpersonal closeness when facing the threat of divine rejection. We test this idea across four studies. Along the way, we test additional predictions derived from the close relationships literature, concerning the consequences of this process and the moderating role of self-esteem. Taken together, our findings add to the literature on God as a relationship partner and connect this idea to the dynamic ebb and flow of interpersonal connection.
Shared memory multiplexing: A novel way to improve GPGPU throughput

On-chip shared memory (a.k.a. local data share) is a critical resource to many GPGPU applications. In current GPUs, the shared memory is allocated when a thread block (also called a workgroup) is dispatched to a streaming multiprocessor (SM) and is released when the thread block is completed. As a result, the limited capacity of shared memory becomes a bottleneck for a GPU to host a high number of thread blocks, limiting the otherwise available thread-level parallelism (TLP). In this paper, we propose software and/or hardware approaches to multiplex the shared memory among multiple thread blocks. Our proposed approaches are based on our observation that the current shared memory management reserves shared memory too conservatively, for the entire lifetime of a thread block. If the shared memory is allocated only when it is actually used and freed immediately after, more thread blocks can be hosted in an SM without increasing the shared memory capacity. We propose three software approaches to enable shared memory multiplexing and implement them using a source-to-source compiler. The experimental results show that our proposed software approaches effectively improve the throughput of many GPGPU applications on both NVIDIA GTX285 and GTX480 GPUs (an average of 1.44X on GTX285, 1.70X on GTX480 with 16kB shared memory, and 1.26X on GTX480 with 48kB shared memory). We also propose hardware support for shared memory multiplexing, which incurs minor hardware changes to existing hardware and enables significant performance improvements (an average of 1.53X) to be achieved with very little change in GPGPU code.
Dearterialization of the Liver Causes Intrahepatic Cholestasis due to Reduced Bile Transporter Expression

Background. Bile duct injury after hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in liver transplantation is believed to be caused by ischemia predominantly. We aimed to define the involvement of bile secretory dysfunction in the pathogenesis of liver injury after HAT. Methods. In a murine model, the main hepatic artery, the extrahepatic peribiliary plexus, or both arterial connections to the liver were interrupted (n=5 for each group). After 1, 14, or 28 days, hepatobiliary function was assessed by analysis of bile transporter expression, serum bile acids and bilirubin, and hepatic ATP content. In addition, cellular injury was assessed by light microscopy and biochemical markers. Results. There were no signs of hepatobiliary dysfunction or injury in sham-operated animals or in mice with interruption of the hepatic artery or the extrahepatic peribiliary plexus alone. However, as early as 24 hr after complete dearterialization, bile transporter expression was significantly reduced and intrahepatic cholestasis started to progress the following weeks. Histologic studies at 28 days after complete dearterialization showed severe hepatobiliary injury. Conclusions. This study indicates that arterial blood supply is critical for normal bile secretion. Bile duct injury after complete arterial deprivation is preceded by a loss of bile secretory function and subsequent intrahepatic cholestasis.
Razvoj poreza na dohodak u Hrvatskoj: reforme i promašaji

The paper examines the development and effectiveness of the changes in Croatian personal income tax (PIT). Firstly, the paper analyzes the changes in the tax base and the nominal tax burden according to the sources of income for the period since 1994. when the comprehensive PIT was introduced till the end of year 2010. The second part contains the empirical research for the period since 2001 by 2010, where the average and effective tax burden according to the sources of income is analyzed, the effectiveness of changes in the PIT is tested, as well as the integration of the certain sources of income in PIT system. The survey results indicate a lock of consistency in the PIT development, the tax burden is unequally allocated among the observed sources of income as their lack of integration in the PIT system. Moreover, the findings presented in the paper raise the question of the comprehensive PIT existence because of the fact that the existing PIT system is almost completely based on the taxation of the employment as the only source of income.
Simplified Business Process Model Mining Based on Structuredness Metric

Process mining is the automated acquisition of process models from event logs. Although many process mining techniques have been developed, most of them focus on mining models from the prospective of control flow while ignoring the structure of mined models. This directly impacts the understandability and quality of mined models. To address the problem, we have proposed a genetic programming (GP) approach to mining simplified process models. Herein, genetic programming is applied to simplify the complex structure of process models using a tree-based individual representation. In addition, the fitness function derived from process complexity metric provides a guideline for discovering low complexity process models. Finally, initial experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the method.
Chemical castration induced by adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy causes rapid bone loss that is reduced by clodronate: a randomized study in premenopausal breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE In the majority of premenopausal breast cancer patients, an adjuvant chemotherapy-induced early menopause occurs, which is known to be a strong predictor of osteoporosis. We present data on the effect of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and the efficacy of clodronate on the prevention of bone loss in 148 premenopausal breast cancer patients without skeletal metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to receive oral clodronate 1,600 mg/d or to a control group. In addition, patients were treated with six cycles of CMF therapy. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before therapy and at 1 and 2 years. RESULTS Changes in the BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck were -5.9% and -2.0% without clodronate and -2.2% and +0.9% with clodronate at 2 years (P = .0005 and .017, respectively). Patients who developed amenorrhea after chemotherapy had a rapid bone loss, which was significantly reduced by clodronate. In controls, bone loss was 9.5% in the lumbar spine and 4.6% in the femoral neck, while in the clodronate group, bone loss was 5.9% and 0.4%, respectively, at 2 years. Patients with preserved menstruation had only marginal changes in BMD. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure causes rapid bone loss in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Women older than 40 years are at particularly high risk. Clodronate significantly reduces this bone loss.
Interactive visual exploration of simulator accuracy: A case study for stochastic simulation algorithms

Visual Analytics offers various interesting methods to explore high dimensional data interactively. In this paper we investigate how it can be applied to support experimenters and developers of simulation software conducting simulation studies. In particular the usage and development of approximate simulation algorithms poses several practical problems, e.g., estimating the impact of algorithm parameters on accuracy or detecting faulty implementations. To address some of those problems, we present an approach that allows to relate configurations and accuracy visually and exploratory. The approach is evaluated by a brief case study, focusing on the accuracy of Stochastic Simulation Algorithms.
Industrial Organization and Consumer Satisfaction-Dissatisfaction

This study brings together the fields of industrial organization and consumer research in an attempt to account for variations in consumer dissatisfaction among product categories. A major portion of these variations is empirically accounted for by distributional and cost/size factors. The theoretical explanations behind the empirical associations are discussed in the context of the correspondence between economic theory and consumer data.
Age of Alcohol Drinking Onset: Precursors and the Mediation of Alcohol Disorder

ABTRACT This study explored early alcohol drinking onset (ADO), its precursors, and the mechanisms by which it leads to later alcohol disorder. Data came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth with ADO items from 1982 and 1983, and alcohol symptoms from 1989 and 1994. Drinking began earlier for respondents who were male, younger, non-Hispanic, non-African-American, and later born, and for those not living with both parents at age 14, ever charged with an illegal act, and with a family history of alcohol problems, lower academic aptitude, or less frequent religious attendance (n = 8165). Early ADO predicted 1994 abuse and dependence even after controlling for such potential mediators as 1987 self-esteem, 1989 alcohol disorder, and 1992 depression (n = 5643).
Experimentally Elicited Judgments of Color Harmony

Eight variants of each of four different geometrical forms were constructed by varying the proportions of six different colors. All possible pairs of the resulting colored pictures were presented to subjects who were asked to determine 1) which of the two pictures is more harmonious, and 2) by how much one picture is more harmonious than the other. Scaling of both individual and group data shows that subjects can produce consistent judgments of harmony which are measurable by a ratio scale. Two models of color harmony based on the work of Munsell and Itten yield similar predictions of color proportions, which are not supported by the data. The failure of the models is attributed in part to their disregard of color composition.
A normalization model for repeated letters in social media hate speech text based on rules and spelling correction

As social media booms, abusive online practices such as hate speech have unfortunately increased as well. As letters are often repeated in words used to construct social media messages, these types of words should be eliminated or reduced in number to enhance the efficacy of hate speech detection. Although multiple models have attempted to normalize out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words with repeated letters, they often fail to determine whether the in-vocabulary (IV) replacement words are correct or incorrect. Therefore, this study developed an improved model for normalizing OOV words with repeated letters by replacing them with correct in-vocabulary (IV) replacement words. The improved normalization model is an unsupervised method that does not require the use of a special dictionary or annotated data. It combines rule-based patterns of words with repeated letters and the SymSpell spelling correction algorithm to remove repeated letters within the words by multiple rules regarding the position of repeated letters in a word, be it at the beginning, middle, or end of the word and the repetition pattern. Two hate speech datasets were then used to assess performance. The proposed normalization model was able to decrease the percentage of OOV words to 8%. Its F1 score was also 9% and 13% higher than the models proposed by two extant studies. Therefore, the proposed normalization model performed better than the benchmark studies in replacing OOV words with the correct IV replacement and improved the performance of the detection model. As such, suitable rule-based patterns can be combined with spelling correction to develop a text normalization model to correctly replace words with repeated letters, which would, in turn, improve hate speech detection in texts.
Identification of a KEAP1 Germline Mutation in a Family with Multinodular Goitre

Background The familial clustering of multinodular goitres (MNGs) with a dominant mode of inheritance has been repeatedly reported. Linkage studies have revealed several genetic loci responsible for familial MNG; however, most of the causative variants remain unknown. Methods and Results Through linkage analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, we identified a new MNG locus on 19p13.2-q12 in a five-generation Japanese MNG family. Subsequent mutation searches focusing on the candidate 25-Mb region of chromosome 19 identified a heterozygous mutation, c. 879_880delinsA, p.Asp294Thr, fs*23, in exon 3 of the KEAP1, which plays a central role in the cytoprotection pathway against oxidative stress. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed low expression of wild type KEAP1 accompanied by no transcription product of mutant allele in the normal and goitre region of thyroid tissues obtained from the proband. In agreement with previous studies showing that KEAP1 negatively regulates NFE2L2, the NFE2L2 target genes GSTA4 and GCLC were up-regulated in the thyroid tissues of the patient. Conclusions This study identified the first KEAP1 mutation in MNG. The results provide insights into the pathogenesis of goitre which develops in the organ continuously exposed to oxidative stress during hormone synthesis.