Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociated developmental trajectories for semantic and phonological false memories

False recognition following presentation of semantically related and phonologically related word lists was evaluated in 8-, 11-, and 13-year-olds. Children heard lists of words that were either semantic (e.g., bed, rest, wake …) or phonological associates (e.g., pole, bowl, hole …) of a critical unpresented word (e.g., sleep, roll), respectively. A semantic false memory was defined as false recognition of a semantically related but unpresented word. A phonological false memory was defined as false recognition of a phonologically related but unpresented word. False memories in the two tasks showed opposite developmental trends, increasing with age for semantic relatedness and decreasing with age for phonological relatedness.
Psychometric Evidence of a Multidimensional Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Spanish Adolescents

ABSTRACT Prior theories and scholars rarely distinguished between distinct forms of prosocial behaviors (i.e., actions intended to benefit others) and most scholars operationalize prosocial behaviors as a global construct. Furthermore, stringent tests of psychometric properties of prosocial behavior measures are rare, especially in countries other than the United States. The present study was designed to examine the structure and functions of a multidimensional measure of prosocial behaviors in youth from Spain. Six hundred and 66 adolescents (46% girls; M age = 15.33 years, SD = 0.47 years) from Valencia, Spain, completed the Prosocial Tendencies Measure-Revised (PTM-R), measures of sympathy, perspective taking, and a global measure of prosocial behavior. Results showed that the hypothesized 6-factor structure of the PTM-R had good fit, the best fit model as compared to alternative models, and that there were several unique patterns of relations between specific forms of prosocial behaviors and sympathy, perspective taking, and the global measure of prosocial behavior. Furthermore, although there were significant gender differences in some forms of prosocial behaviors, the structure of the PTM-R was equivalent across gender. Discussion focuses on the implications for theories and measurement of prosocial behaviors.
Quantification of YouTube QoE via Crowdsourcing

This paper addresses the challenge of assessing and modeling Quality of Experience (QoE) for online video services that are based on TCP-streaming. We present a dedicated QoE model for You Tube that takes into account the key influence factors (such as stalling events caused by network bottlenecks) that shape quality perception of this service. As second contribution, we propose a generic subjective QoE assessment methodology for multimedia applications (like online video) that is based on crowd sourcing - a highly cost-efficient, fast and flexible way of conducting user experiments. We demonstrate how our approach successfully leverages the inherent strengths of crowd sourcing while addressing critical aspects such as the reliability of the experimental data obtained. Our results suggest that, crowd sourcing is a highly effective QoE assessment method not only for online video, but also for a wide range of other current and future Internet applications.
Unsupervised scoring for scalable Internet-based collaborative teleoperation

For applications in education and entertainment, scalable Internet-based collaborative teleoperation allows many users simultaneously to share control of a single device. Automated numerical methods that can assess and record performance provide an incentive for users to participate and a means to evaluate individual and group performance. In this paper we describe "unsupervised scoring": a numerical approach to assessment based on clustering and response time. Like unsupervised learning, this approach is based on identifying regularities in the input rather than comparing input with desired output specified by an external supervisor. We present an algorithm for rapidly computing user scores that scales linearly with the number of users. We describe an implemented Java-based user interface incorporating this metric, an application based on the classic Twister game, and results where individual scores are compared with group performance.
An Autonomous Framework for Early Detection of Spoofed Flooding Attacks

One of the challenging tasks on the Internet is differentiating the attack traffic from legitimate traffic. Tackling this challenge would aid in the detection of Denial of Service/Distributed DoS (DoS/DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a flow profiling scheme that adopts itself to detect these flooding attacks by monitoring the trends in the current traffic. Moreover, our scheme filters most of the traffic, which are found to be suspicious, at the source end, thus avoiding flooding at the target. The scheme distinguishes itself from other source end defenses in the manner in which it gathers and profiles the statistics. Information entropy, a measure to find correlation among traffic flows, is used. We made this attempt to infer the current state of the dynamic network. The result of correlation is then used to support the evidences which justify the necessity of filtering the packets. We use Theory of evidence to improve the decision making with regard to filtering. We implemented and tested our scheme using network traffic traces and found the results to be appreciable.
Studying the Reality of Crowd-powered Healthcare Malay

The emergence of crowd-powered systems has grown immense interest in diverse areas in recent years. Crowdsourcing being a public model is hard to apply for many applications where trust, security or private information are involved. Healthcare, especially the diagnosis of diseases, is one such challenging area where crowdsourcing has recently found useful implementation. CrowdMed is an online platform that used the power of the crowd for solving medical diagnosis tasks. We analyze the CrowdMed platform and highlight some interesting outcomes and pose some open problems.
Long Untranslated Regions of the Measles Virus M and F Genes Control Virus Replication and Cytopathogenicity

ABSTRACT Measles is still a major cause of mortality mainly in developing countries. The causative agent, measles virus (MeV), is an enveloped virus having a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome, and belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. One feature of the moribillivirus genomes is that the M and F genes have long untranslated regions (UTRs). The M and F mRNAs of MeV have 426-nucleotide-long 3′ and 583-nucleotide-long 5′ UTRs, respectively. Though these long UTRs occupy as much as ∼6.4% of the virus genome, their function remains unknown. To elucidate the role of the long UTRs in the context of virus infection, we used the reverse genetics based on the virulent strain of MeV, and generated a series of recombinant viruses having alterations or deletions in the long UTRs. Our results showed that these long UTRs per se were not essential for MeV replication, but that they regulated MeV replication and cytopathogenicity by modulating the productions of the M and F proteins. The long 3′ UTR of the M mRNA was shown to have the ability to increase the M protein production, promoting virus replication. On the other hand, the long 5′ UTR of the F mRNA was found to possess the capacity to decrease the F protein production, inhibiting virus replication and yet greatly reducing cytopathogenicity. We speculate that the reduction in cytopathogenicity may be advantageous for MeV fitness and survival in nature.
Signal Constellations for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes

Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) have recently attracted considerable attention due to their properties of full diversity and low implementation complexity. However, most works in this area simply employ classic phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations, which are not necessarily optimal for OSTBCs. In this paper, we consider the problem of designing signal constellations for communication systems using OSTBCs, where the channel state information (CSI) available at the receiver is an estimate of the time variant channel gains with a specific estimation error. We perform an asymptotic symbol error probability (SEP) analysis and derive a criteria to design constellations that match well with the level of the channel estimation error. New signal constellations are found by means of a gradient search over a continuous alphabet. Simulation results show that the obtained constellations outperform not only the conventional QAM constellation, but also other well-known constellations used for efficient data communications.
FrenchPress Gives Students Automated Feedback on Java Program Flaws

We created an Eclipse plug-in called FrenchPress that partially automates the task of giving students feedback on their Java programs. It is designed not for novices but for students taking their second or third Java course: students who know enough Java to write a working program but lack the judgment to recognize bad code when they see it. FrenchPress does not diagnose compile-time or runtime errors, or logical errors that produce incorrect output. It targets silent flaws, flaws the student is unable to identify for himself because nothing in the programming environment alerts him. FrenchPress diagnoses flaws characteristic of programmers who have not yet assimilated the object-oriented idiom. Such shortcomings include misuse of the public modifier, fields that should have been local variables, and instance variables that should have been class constants. Other rules address the all too common misunderstanding of the boolean datatype. FrenchPress delivers explanatory messages in a vocabulary appropriate to the student's current level. This paper reports preliminary results of a formative evaluation of FrenchPress conducted in a Fall 2014 data structures and algorithms course. User satisfaction survey responses indicate that among the students who received substantive diagnostic suggestions from FrenchPress, the percentage who were motivated to modify their program varied from 36% to 64% on four different assignments.
COMPARISON OF FILTERS DEDICATED TO SPECKLE SUPPRESSION IN SAR IMAGES

This paper presents the results of research on the effectiveness of different filtering methods dedicated to speckle suppression in SAR images. The tests were performed on RadarSat-2 images and on an artificial image treated with simulated speckle noise. The research analysed the performance of particular filters related to the effectiveness of speckle suppression and to the ability to preserve image details and edges. Speckle is a phenomenon inherent to radar images – a deterministic noise connected with land cover type, but also causing significant changes in digital numbers of pixels. As a result, it may affect interpretation, classification and other processes concerning radar images. Speckle, resembling “salt and pepper” noise, has the form of a set of relatively small groups of pixels of values markedly different from values of other pixels representing the same type of land cover. Suppression of this noise may also cause suppression of small image details, therefore the ability to preserve the important parts of an image, was analysed as well. In the present study, selected filters were tested, and methods dedicated particularly to speckle noise suppression: Frost, Gamma-MAP, Lee, Lee-Sigma, Local Region, general filtering methods which might be effective in this respect: Mean, Median, in addition to morphological filters (alternate sequential filters with multiple structuring element and by reconstruction). The analysis presented in this paper compared the effectiveness of different filtering methods. It proved that some of the dedicated radar filters are efficient tools for speckle suppression, but also demonstrated a significant efficiency of the morphological approach, especially its ability to preserve image details.
Multicast overlay for high-bandwidth applications over optical WDM networks

Multicast communication in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks is traditionally supported by the assumption that the optical crossconnects are multicast capable, i.e., they are capable of switching an incoming signal to more than one output interface. A naïve method of supporting this functionality in a multicast-incapable (MI) environment is by creating a virtual topology consisting of lightpaths from the multicast source to each destination of the multicast session. For large sets of multicast requests, however, the network bandwidth consumed by such a scheme may become unacceptable due to the unicasting nature of the lightpaths. We refer to this method as achieving multicast via WDM unicast (MVWU). To support users' multicast requests (from higher electronic layers) in MI networks, we propose two overlay solutions: drop at member node (DMN) and drop at any node (DAN). In these solutions, we achieve multicasting by creating a set of lightpath routes (possibly multiple hops) in the overlay layer from the source node of a request to each destination member. In the DMN case, we allow a lightpath route to originate/terminate only at source and destination members of a request, whereas in the DAN model we impose no such restrictions. We first consider a static traffic model, wherein the set of multicast requests is known ahead of time, and present integer linear programs (ILPs) to solve these problems (MVWU, DMN, and DAN) with the goal of minimizing the total number of wavelengths required to service the set. We also present an efficient heuristic and compare its performance to the ILP for a small network, and run simulations over real-world, large-scale networks. Moreover, we present lower bounds to calculate the minimum number of wavelengths required by the DMN and DAN models. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the heuristic (minimization of the number of wavelengths) under a dynamic traffic scenario and also evaluate the blocking performance for a fixed number of wavelengths.
Serum vitamin D3 level inversely correlates with uterine fibroid volume in different ethnic groups: a cross-sectional observational study

Purpose Currently there is no effective medicinal treatment for uterine fibroids (UFs), a common health disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Identification of modifiable risk factors such as vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency could help develop novel strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of UFs. The purpose of this study was to identify whether low serum Vit D3 levels correlate with increased risk of UFs. Methods A total of 154 premenopausal women were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The control group comprised 50 subjects with a normal, fibroid-free uterine structure, confirmed by transvaginal ultrasonography. The 104 case subjects had at least one fibroid lesion that was 2 cm3 in volume or larger, confirmed by transvaginal ultrasonography. For each case subject, total uterine volume and total volume of all existing fibroids were measured in three perpendicular planes, with volume determined according to the prolate ellipse formula (a × b × c × 0.523), where a is height, b is width, and c is depth. Serum Vit D [25(OH) D3] levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The independent t-test was used to compare serum Vit D levels across groups. Correlations were assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results Lower serum 25-(OH) Vit D levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of UFs (P = 0.01). A statistically significant inverse correlation was also observed between serum 25-(OH) Vit D levels and total UF volume (r = −0.31; P = 0.002) within the case cohort. Subjects with larger fibroid volumes had lower serum Vit D levels and vice versa. Data stratified for ethnicity showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between serum 25-(OH) Vit D levels and total fibroid volume in black subjects (r = −0.42; P = 0.001). An inverse correlation was also evident in white subjects (r = −0.86; P = 0.58) but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Lower serum Vit D levels are inversely correlated with UF burden in different ethnic groups. Vit D deficiency is a possible risk factor for the occurrence of UFs.
Why assigning ongoing tobacco use is not necessarily a conservative approach to handling missing tobacco cessation outcomes.

INTRODUCTION Missing abstinence outcomes are a universal challenge for tobacco cessation studies. The biases inherent in the complete case analysis, where cases missing outcomes are omitted, are well known. Sophisticated statistical methodologies are available to address these biases but are not widely applied in tobacco cessation trials. Within tobacco cessation research, a widely used strategy is penalized imputation (PI), wherein cases missing cessation outcomes are assigned a "currently using tobacco" status. STATISTICAL BASIS FOR THE ASSUMED CONSERVATIVENESS OF PI Better statistical methods for addressing missing cessation outcomes may not be widely adopted within the tobacco cessation research community because of the perceived conservativeness of this easily implemented PI approach. When rates of missing outcomes are the same among the different intervention groups, this approach does tend to be more conservative than the complete case analysis. However, this result is highly sensitive to the equivalence of the rates of missing outcomes. NONCONSERVATIVENESS OF PI IN APPLICATION PI is routinely criticized because of somewhat arbitrary performance and an overall lack of conservativeness in practice. Here, we present elementary statistical arguments demonstrating that, in commonly encountered situations, PI is as likely to lead to liberal estimates as to conservative estimates relative to the complete case analysis. DISCUSSION PI does not necessarily lead to more conservative or less biased effect estimates. Better statistical methods for addressing missing data need to be adopted within the tobacco cessation research community.
Detector of Interest Point within Region of Interest on NBI Endoscopy Images

This paper presents a new method for detecting scale invariant interest point from region of interest on NBI endoscopy images. This work is related to design of decision support systems in the area of gastrointestinal endoscopy with image classication facility. The use of a computer-based system could support the doctor when making a diagnosis and help to avoid human subjectivity. Our method is based on computing a skeletons of gastric mucosa pit-patterns. As a result of applying the proposed approach to improve the accuracy of a selection of distinctive points, this allow a selection region of interest for endoscopy images in real time. These points are invariant to scale, rotation and translation as well as robust to illumination changes and limited changes of viewpoint.
The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest: Evidence from the Pacific

A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of these migration choices. Although the estimates indicate that the income gains from migration are very large, not everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of highly skilled individuals, the emigration decision is found to be most strongly associated with preference variables such as risk aversion, patience, and choice of subjects in secondary school, and not strongly linked to either liquidity constraints or the gain in income to be had from migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the income opportunities in different countries. Overall the data show a relatively limited role for income maximization in distinguishing migration propensities among the very highly skilled, and point to the need to pay more attention to other components of the utility maximization decision.
Replication of prophage P1 is cell-cycle specific

P1 prophage replication during the Escherichia coli division cycle has been analyzed by using the membrane-elution technique to produce cells labelled at different times during the division cycle and scintillation counting for quantitative analysis of radioactive prophage DNA. P1 prophage replicates during a restricted portion of the bacterial division cycle, like the minichromosome, but at a time during the division cycle different than the time at which the minichromosome replicates in the same cell. A high-copy mini-R6K plasmid present in the same cell replicates throughout the division cycle. Over a wide range of growth rates, the P1 prophage replicates approximately one-half generation after the minichromosome replicates. Thus, the mechanisms underlying P1 replication are similar to those for the F plasmid and the chromosome. Replication occurs when some property related to cell size or cell mass reaches a constant value per origin.
Computational rehabilitation of neglect: Using state-space models to understand the recovery mechanisms

Unilateral spatial neglect is a neuropsychological syndrome often observed in right hemisphere stroke patients. The symptoms differ from subject to subject. A few rehabilitation approaches, e.g. prism adaptation, have demonstrated some effect in reducing the symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear. Recently, neural models have been proposed to qualitatively describe cortical lesions, the resulting neglect symptoms and the effects of treatment. However, these predictions are qualitative and cannot be used to compare different hypotheses or to interpret symptoms at individual subjects level. Here we propose a computational model of the trial-by-trial dynamics of training-induced recovery from neglect. Neglect is modelled in terms of an impaired internal representation of visual stimuli in the left hemispace. The model assumes that recovery is driven by the mismatch between defective representations of visual stimuli and the corresponding hand positions. The model reproduces the main observations of prism adaptation experiments. Using standard system identification techniques, we fitted the model to data from a rehabilitation trial based on a novel rehabilitation approach based on virtual reality, involving reaching movements within an adaptive environment. Our results suggest that the model can be used to interpret data from individual subjects and to formulate testable hypotheses on the mechanisms of recovery and directions for treatment.
tert-Butyl N-[6-(N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]carbamate

The title compound C19H27N3O3S, crystallizes with two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit. The benzene ring of each benzothiazole unit carries a dipropylcarbamoyl substituent in the 6-position and a tert-butyl carbamate unit on each thiazole ring. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯N and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. Additional C—H⋯O contacts construct a three-dimensional network. A very weak C—H⋯π contact is also present.