Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Word-Identification Priming for Ignored and Attended Words

Three experiments examined contributions of study phase awareness of word identity to subsequent word-identification priming by manipulating visual attention to words at study. In Experiment 1, word-identification priming was reduced for ignored relative to attended words, even though ignored words were identified sufficiently to produce negative priming in the study phase. Word-identification priming was also reduced after color naming relative to emotional valence rating (Experiment 2) or word reading (Experiment 3), even though an effect of emotional valence upon color naming (Experiment 2) indicated that words were identified at study. Thus, word-identification priming was reduced even when word identification occurred at study. Word-identification priming may depend on awareness of word identity at the time of study.
Dynamic modeling and network approaches for omics time course data: overview of computational approaches and applications

Inferring networks and dynamics of genes, proteins, cells and other biological entities from high-throughput biological omics data is a central and challenging issue in computational and systems biology. This is essential for understanding the complexity of human health, disease susceptibility and pathogenesis for Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory (P4) system and precision medicine. The delineation of the possible interactions of all genes/proteins in a genome/proteome is a task for which conventional experimental techniques are ill suited. Urgently needed are rapid and inexpensive computational and statistical methods that can identify interacting candidate disease genes or drug targets out of thousands that can be further investigated or validated by experimentations. Moreover, identifying biological dynamic systems, and simultaneously estimating the important kinetic structural and functional parameters, which may not be experimentally accessible could be important directions for drug-disease-gene network studies. In this article, we present an overview and comparison of recent developments of dynamic modeling and network approaches for time-course omics data, and their applications to various biological systems, health conditions and disease statuses. Moreover, various data reduction and analytical schemes ranging from mathematical to computational to statistical methods are compared including their merits, drawbacks and limitations. The most recent software, associated web resources and other potentials for the compared methods are also presented and discussed in detail.
Immunization of complex networks using stochastic hill-climbing algorithm

Recently, there is a growing interest in how to mitigate epidemic spreading through complex networks such as infection propagation in population, rumor spreading in social interaction, and, malicious attacks in computer networks. Due to high cost and limitation of immunization resources, a well-established strategy is required to select whom to inoculate. In this paper, we propose a new immunization strategy based on stochastic hill-climbing algorithm to find a subset of nodes whose immunization efficiently reduce the network vulnerability to worst-case epidemic size. Our experiments show that SHCI shows up to 31% improvement in real networks and up to 89% in model networks compared to targeted immunization algorithms which immunize nodes based on their centrality.
A Note on Identifying Likely IPO Bankruptcies: A Symphonic Paradox

This paper analyzes prospectus data for initial public offerings (IPOs) to develop an analytical tool to predict IPO survival beyond the first three years following the year of issuance. A logit regression yielded four significant ratios, three of which are related to capital structure decisions. The model correctly classified 31 percent of bankrupt IPOs and over 90 percent of survivors. Prediction of IPO failure within three years is difficult because IPOs are often “packaged” to sell.
Authenticating Edges Produced by Zero-Crossing Algorithms

It is shown that zero-crossing edge detection algorithms can produce edges that do not correspond to significant image intensity changes. Such edges are called phantom or spurious. A method for classifying zero crossings as corresponding to authentic or phantom edges is presented. The contrast of an authentic edge is shown to increase and the contrast of phantom edges to decrease with a decrease in the filter scale. Thus, a phantom edge is truly a phantom in that the closer one examines it, the weaker it becomes. The results of applying the classification schemes described to synthetic and authentic signals in one and two dimensions are given. The significance of the phantom edges is examined with respect to their frequency and strength relative to the authentic edges, and it is seen that authentic edges are denser and stronger, on the average, than phantom edges. >
The role of size in firms' training: evidence from Spain

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse why small firms provide less training to their employees than their larger counterparts. The hypothesis is that large firms are endowed with certain firm characteristics that require more training and with some that allow them to obtain larger returns from this investment. Design/methodology/approach - The paper analyses the individual contribution of these characteristics to explain the gap between small and large firms in the probability of providing training and its extent using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Findings - Small firms face greater obstacles in accessing training and the main reasons for that are related to their technological activity and the geographic scope of the market in which they operate. Together, these variables explain about half of the training gap in both the participation and the quantity decisions. Practical implications - The limited access to training of small firms prevents them from becoming more competitive by using a tool that would permit a better adoption of new technology and access to foreign markets. Originality/value - The paper exploits the data on training expenditure and relates this investment with other firms' strategies, such as innovation or internationalization. It also suggests estimating this type of data by means of a two-part model.
Long-run income and price elasticities of demand for Colombian nontraditional exports: a multivariate cointegration framework

A long run income and price elasticities of demand is estimated for Colombian nontraditional exports through a multivariate cointegration analysis. Based on the combination of cointegration and exogeneity concepts and the inclusion of the complete dynamic system, the paper shows the existence of a long-run relationship among nontraditional exports, relative price and foreign demand, and higher long-run elasticities than those provided by the long-run cointegration vector coefficients that are usually reported in the trade literature.
The development of the Paris Bourse in the interwar period. What old and new stock indices tell us

We present new indices of the Paris stock exchange during the interwar period. We first discuss the conditions for stock market indices to be useful instruments both of long term capital productivity measure and of portfolio performance, especially for international comparisons. We show that previous indices were built in order to assess early business cycles theories and are not fitted for today’s needs. Second, we build a new blue chip index, which we aim is more comparable to foreign (the Dow Jones in particular) and contemporary ones (the CAC 40), and helps understanding the limitations of previous indices. That new index is based on a new database on the French Bourse during the interwar period, which includes for every listed share monthly prices, earnings, splits and other capital operations, issues, and, most importantly, a measure of liquidity. The comparison with the previous index suggests that the performance of the French capital market during the interwar has been underrated. The comparison with the Dow Jones index shows that differences between the two markets are much smaller than previously thought, which could provide new impetus to the international theory of the great depression.
Why Trafalgar was won before it was fought: Lessons from resource-based theory

Executive Overview Resource-based theory enhances our understanding of how some organizations achieve a sustained competitive advantage in their industries. These principles are used to analyze the British Royal Navy's historic triumph at the Battle of Trafalgar, a battle that the British had won even before the first shot was fired because they possessed certain key resources that gave them a sustained competitive advantage over the enemy fleet. Lessons for today's business managers are derived from the analysis of this battle.
Allelopathy, a chance for sustainable weed management

The exploitation of crop allelopathy against weeds may be useful to reduce issues related to the use of herbicides. Several crops, such as alfalfa, barley, black mustard, buckwheat, rice, sorghum, sunflower and wheat, demonstrate strong weed suppression ability, either by exuding allelochemical compounds from living plant parts or from decomposing residues. As well as the positive effect on weed reduction, the introduction in agronomic rotations of allelopathic crops, their use as a mulch to smother crops or as a green manure may also be helpful in reduction of other agricultural problems, such as environmental pollution, use of unsafe products and human health concerns, through a reduction in chemical inputs. Knowledge of allelopathic properties of crops may also be advantageous in mitigation of soil sickness. Moreover, information on weed allelopathy may be profitable in preventing serious crop damage if the weed biomass is buried in the soil, and a crop susceptible to allellochemicals is planned for the following year. The use of allelopathic traits from crops or cultivars with important weed inhibition qualities, together with common weed control strategies, can play an important role in the establishment of sustainable agriculture.
Annual variation in source contributions to a mixed stock: implications for quantifying connectivity

Connectivity among populations of highly migratory species is an area of active research and is often quantified with genetic markers. We determined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in 350 green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in 10 annual samples over a 12‐year period from an aggregation of immature green turtles in the southern Bahamas. We found significant temporal structuring in haplotype frequencies among years for all turtles and for recruits. These significant differences were reflected in substantial variation in the relative contributions from different rookeries among years estimated by a Bayesian hierarchical model. Because this foraging aggregation has been the subject of a demographic study for over 30 years, we were able to determine that, among the three potential causes of temporal structuring—differential recruitment, mortality and emigration—recruitment accounts for most of this variation. We found that estimates of connectivity and genetic diversity in sea turtle populations are affected by the level of temporal variation reported here. More studies on the extent of temporal variation in composition of mixed stocks of other migratory species are needed to determine how this affects measures of connectivity.
Identification of a set of genes expressed during the G0/G1 transition of cultured mouse cells.

To identify previously undetected genes that may be involved in the transition from a resting state (G0) to a proliferative state (G1) of mammalian cells, we set out to isolate cDNA clones derived from mRNAs that appear in serum‐stimulated cells in the absence of protein synthesis. A lambda cDNA library was prepared using poly(A)+ RNA from BALB/c 3T3 cells that had been brought to quiescence and subsequently stimulated with serum in the presence of cycloheximide. Approximately 50 000 recombinant phage plaques were screened, and 357 clones were isolated that hybridized to probes derived from stimulated‐cell RNA but not to probes from resting‐cell RNA. Cross hybridization analysis showed that four RNA sequence families account for approximately 90% of these clones. One of the clones hybridized to an actin probe; none hybridized to any of 13 oncogene probes tested. Five different RNAs that appear to be previously uncharacterized have been further analyzed. These RNAs accumulate and decay rapidly following stimulation by serum or purified growth factors, or by a tumor promoter, and they are superinduced by serum in the presence of cycloheximide. Three of the RNAs could be enriched by hybridization to cDNAs and translated in vitro, yielding proteins of approximately 43, 40 and 35 kd, respectively.
Facile Total Synthesis of Xanthorrhizol

A facile total synthesis of the bisabolane sesquiterpene, xanthorrhizol (1), has been achieved in 6 steps, in 48% overall yield. The starting material was 3-methoxy-4-methyl-phenoacetone (7), and a Claisen-Johnson rearrangement was used as the key step to construct the skeleton of the target molecule.
nucleR: a package for non-parametric nucleosome positioning

SUMMARY nucleR is an R/Bioconductor package for a flexible and fast recognition of nucleosome positioning from next generation sequencing and tiling arrays experiments. The software is integrated with standard high-throughput genomics R packages and allows for in situ visualization as well as to export results to common genome browser formats. AVAILABILITY Additional information and methodological details can be found at http://mmb.pcb. ub.es/nucleR
Risk Taking Propensity and Firm Internationalisation Process

The aim of this paper is to present necessary characteristics of solutions related to risk management in the conditions of high environment turbulence from the perspective of international businesses. The paper is based on extensive literature review, synthesized for preeminent conceptions of risk management within operations undertaken in international environment with its proper specifics. The paper is divided into four main parts. The first section presents the concept of business internationalisation in general. The dilemmas related to the idea of strategic risk application are discussed in the second passage. It is followed by a discussion on the risk undertaken by firms while entering into international markets. Finally, the paper presents the methods and models of risk management in international markets. Knowledge of risk management models fosters management focused on survival and development of the firm, including its international growth. The catalogue of formulas for minimizing presence of unfavourable phenomena and events for the company should be enriched by experiences from the area of project management processes and project formulas of business management. Present research may contribute to the construction of a rational model of the risk management process, in particular in the case of adoption of a development strategy based on the internationalisation.
Is systematic quantitative research scientifically rigorous? Methodological and statistical considerations

T he commitment to pursuing an agenda of advancing psychoanalysis through the application of scientific and quantitative research methods has a long history, but has recently experienced renewed energy, often under the rubric of an “evidence-based psychotherapy” movement (Fonagy, Roth, and Higgitt 2005; Norcross, Beutler, and Levant 2006). I understand that many of my psychoanalytic colleagues are dedicated to the ideal of fashioning a psychoanalysis that is resistant to dogmatic and authoritarian reification. I share this aspiration, but disagree sharply with the empiricist methodologies that are being employed and valorized as the most epistemologically sound to accomplish our shared goal. This commitment is exemplified by the recent critique by Eagle and Wolitzky (2011) of Hoffman’s essay (2009) opposing the privileging of systematic empirical research over other sources of knowledge in our field. In this paper I take a critical perspective on the kinds of systematic quasi-experimental research advocated by Eagle, Wolitzky, and others as the most scientific means to provide new knowledge and scientific legitimacy as understood by many psychoanalytic researchers and therapists. It is important to state firmly that I am not anti-science. I am not against empirical research, or systematic observation, or statistical analysis, properly done. Beatrice Beebe’s infant-mother observational research (2005) is an exemplar of good qualitative systematic research. I am impressed, for example, that she acknowledges that her rating system is an ordinal, not a ratio, scale and is therefore not truly quantitative. Her studies yield empirical evidence guided and interpreted by theory-driven observations of videotapes of mother-infant interactions. However, I
The Impact of Seniority and Security Covenants on Bond Yields: A Note

THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON THE rational pricing of covenants in corporate bonds has examined seniority and security covenants. Black and Cox [1] and Ho and Singer [8] use the option pricing model to show that senior debt should have a higher price than subordinated debt. Recent studies by Smith and Warner [10, 11] and Warner [13] document the widespread use of security covenants and argue that security reduces yield. Despite the broad concensus that seniority/security covenants should reduce bond yields, ceteris paribus, empirical tests have failed to provide strong support for this view. Rather, prior studies [2, 3] have shown that security may actually increase the yield to maturity on debt. The research cited relied on multivariate statistical techniques to examine various factors affecting yields (or prices) within specific rating categories. Contrary findings regarding security were attributed to differences in risk among bonds in the same rating category. The present note is a refinement of past empirical studies. By relying on a different test design, we alleviate difficulties inherent in bond ratings. Specifically, we study matched pairs of nonconvertible bonds, issued by the same company, that have similar features except for seniority/security covenants. Our results support the view that seniority/security covenants are rationally priced. The next section discusses our test design and data and Section II summarizes our findings.
Effects of concurrent cognitive task on pre-landing muscle response latency during stepping down activity in older adults with and without a history of falls

Purpose. To investigate the co-contraction of ankle muscles in older subjects with and without a history of falls during a stepping down activity, and whether the co-contraction was disrupted by a concurrent cognitive task. Method. Ten fallers and 9 non-fallers (mean age = 72.0 ± 5.0 and 72.1 ± 7.3 years, respectively) were recruited. Electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) was recorded during stepping down with and without a concurrent cognitive task. Co-contraction was investigated using the time between the EMG onset and the foot touching a force-platform, termed the pre-landing muscle response latency. Results. The fallers showed longer pre-landing muscle response latencies in the TA compared with non-fallers (141.1 ± 58.1 ms and 110.9 ± 68.2 ms, respectively). With a concurrent cognitive task, the pre-landing muscle response latencies in the TA were shortened in fallers significantly more than in non-fallers (44.4% and 15.5%, respectively). No significant difference in MG activation was found between 2 groups in the stepping down activity with and without cognitive task. Conclusions. Subjects with history of falls exhibit a greater shortening in the pre-landing muscle response latency than non-fallers when distracted during stepping down. Disruption of their co-contraction in ankle joint might precipitate such older adults to fall.
Intergenerational transfers and the fertility-income relationship: intergenerational transfers and fertility

Evidence from cross-sectional data reveals a negative relationship between family income and fertility. This paper argues that constraints to intergenerational transfers are crucial for understanding this relationship. If parents could legally impose debt obligations on their children to recover the costs incurred in raising them, then fertility would be independent of parental income. A relationship between fertility and income arises when parents are unable to leave debts because of legal, enforcement, or moral constraints. This relationship is negative when the intergenerational elasticity of substitution is larger than one, case in which parental consumption is a good substitute for childrens consumption. There is extensive empirical evidence documenting a negative relationship between fertility and income.1 For example, using cross-sectional individual data for the US, Becker (1960) nds a negative fertility-income relationship in the 1910, 1940 and 1950 Censuses, and in the Indianapolis survey for the 1900s. More recently, Jones and Tertilt (2008) use US Census data as far back as the 1826 cohort to estimate an income elasticity of fertility of about 0:38. Their analysis is distinct in that they construct a more re ned measure of lifetime income by using occupational income and education. Lifetime income and fertility are measured for several cross-sections of ve-year birth cohorts from 1826-1830 to 1956-1960. They conclude that most of the observed fertility decline in the US can be explained by the negative fertility-income relationship estimated for each crosssection, together with the outward shift of the income distribution over time. The estimated income elasticity is robust to the inclusion of additional controls such as child mortality and the education Corresponding author: Marla Ripoll, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, 4532 W.W. Posvar Hall, Pittsburgh PA 15260, United States, Email: ripoll@pitt.edu. An earlier version of this paper circulated under the title: "Barro-Becker with Credit Frictions. " We are grateful for the comments we received from the editor, two anonymous referees, Daniele Coen-Pirani, Xiying Liu and participants at seminars at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and Penn State University, as well as the following conferences: the "Progressive Economic Research Conference" at the Richmond Fed, the 2010 and 2011 Midwest Macroeconomics Conferences, the 2011 North American Meeting of the Econometric Society, the Economic Growth Workshop at the 2011 NBER Summer Institute, and the 2011 "Toward Sustainable Economic Growth" Workshop sponsored by IAE, CREI and Barcelona GSE. See Jones and Tertilt (2008) and Jones et al. (2011) for a recent survey of the literature.