Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Durable Information Monopolist

This paper develops a simple unifled model of dynamic pure moral hazard rents in dynamic games and flnance. We assume that an impatient individual has a unique competitive informational edge that would vanish were his actions perfectly observed. We start with a large insider who trades with the market camou∞aged by noise traders (a two state version of Kyle, 1985). We then show that bounding his net order ∞ow by one formally yields a repeated zero value game of incomplete and imperfect information | as arises in war or competitions. The informed player in this game has a secret preferred action, and the market response is then a mixed strategy and not a price. The paper prices the value of information in these dynamic strategic contexts | namely, the ex ante expected proflts of the information monopoly. If the insider can further deceive the market before exploiting his position, then the log-likelihood ratio of beliefs is the best measure of market deception. We then introduce and price the retrospective strategic value of disinformation. Choosing difierent actions in the states probabilistically erodes the information edge. We prove that the information burn rate (action difierential) is highest when the market is most deceived, but exhibits diminishing returns: It explodes as the square root of the log likelihood ratio. We flnd that information is exploited more slowly when actions are more observable or the insider is more patient. In the limit of perfectly observable actions, a dynamic \No Trade Theorem" arises. The market response depends on the nature of the information monopoly. The market price is an unbiased probability with unbounded burn rates. We then show that bounding the net order ∞ow in∞ates prices when the market is optimistic and de∞ates them when pessimistic. As a result, the market rationally expects extreme prices to mean revert. In the repeated game, the mixed strategy responses of the uninformed player are analogously biased. While information monopolies are ephemeral, we flnd that they never fully expire. The expected time until earning any fraction of the value is an increasing and concave function of the fraction. We flnd that \time is money" approximately, but that a longer monopoly need not be a stronger one.
Inappropriate medication prescribing for elderly ambulatory care patients.

BACKGROUND Inappropriate medication use in elderly patients has been linked to a large share of adverse drug reactions and to excess health care utilization. METHODS Trends in the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly persons from 1995 to 2000 were examined with data from office-based physicians in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from hospital outpatient departments in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Explicit criteria were used to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing. Multivariate regression was used to identify related factors. RESULTS In 1995 and 2000, at least 1 drug considered inappropriate by the Beers expert panel was prescribed at 7.8% of ambulatory care visits by elderly patients. At least 1 drug classified as never or rarely appropriate by the Zhan expert panel was prescribed at 3.7% and 3.8% of these visits in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Pain relievers and central nervous system drugs were a large share of the problem. The odds of potentially inappropriate prescribing were higher for visits with multiple drugs and double for female visits. The latter was due to more prescribing of potentially inappropriate pain relievers and central nervous system drugs. CONCLUSIONS Potentially inappropriate prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly patients, particularly women, remains a substantial problem. Interventions could target more appropriate drug selection by physicians when prescribing pain relievers, antianxiety agents, sedatives, and antidepressants to elderly patients. Such behavior could eliminate a large portion of inappropriate prescribing for elderly patients and reduce its higher risk for women.
Total quality management and business excellence in services: The implications of all-inclusive pricing system on internal and external customer satisfaction in the Turkish tourism market

Abstract This study explores the influence of an all-inclusive pricing system on Total Quality Management and Business Excellence in the Turkish tourism market, from both employee and customer satisfaction perspectives, within the framework of the Business Excellence (Kanji, 1998) and SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1988) models. Based on key informant interviews with tour operators and hotel managers, as well as surveys of employees and interviews with customers at four- and five-star hotels, this study establishes that, if not wisely administered, the adoption of an all-inclusive pricing system may lead to a decline in employee satisfaction, customer perception of overall service quality, and finally, in customer satisfaction.
Bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.

BACKGROUND Although it has been hypothesized that the diabetes-depression relation is bidirectional, few studies have addressed this hypothesis in a prospective setting. METHODS A total of 65 381 women aged 50 to 75 years in 1996 were observed until 2006. Clinical depression was defined as having diagnosed depression or using antidepressants, and depressed mood was defined as having clinical depression or severe depressive symptoms, ie, a 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI-5) score of 52 or less. Self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by means of a supplementary questionnaire validated by medical record review. RESULTS During 10 years of follow-up (531 097 person-years), 2844 incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were documented. Compared with referents (MHI-5 score of 86-100) who had the best depressive symptom scores, participants with increased severity of symptoms (MHI-5 scores of 76-85 or 53-75, or depressed mood) showed a monotonic elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (P for trend = .002 in the multivariable-adjusted model). The relative risk for individuals with depressed mood was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.30) after adjustment for various covariates, and participants using antidepressants were at a particularly higher relative risk (1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41). In a parallel analysis, 7415 cases of incident clinical depression were documented (474 722 person-years). Compared with nondiabetic subjects, those with diabetes had a relative risk (95% CI) of developing clinical depression after controlling for all covariates of 1.29 (1.18-1.40), and it was 1.25 (1.09-1.42), 1.24 (1.09-1.41), and 1.53 (1.26-1.85) in diabetic subjects without medications, with oral hypoglycemic agents, and with insulin therapy, respectively. These associations remained significant after adjustment for diabetes-related comorbidities. CONCLUSION Our results provide compelling evidence that the diabetes-depression association is bidirectional.
Is The Indian Stock Market A Casino

This paper examines the empirical association between stock market development and economic growth for a period of ten years around the Indian market “liberalization” event. We find no support for the hypothesis that the Indian stock market development is associated with the economic growth in that country during the entire event study period of 1981 to 2001. We find support for relevance of stock market to econmic development during the pre-liberalization sub-period. We also find a negative correlation between stock market development and economic growth for the post-liberalization period. We offer a number of hypotheses consistent with the inverse relationship between growth and stock market development in the post-liberalization period. In particular, our results are consistent with the suggestion that the Indian Stock market is a casino for the sub-period of post liberalization and for the entire ten-year event study period.
MultiCenter Reliability of Diffusion Tensor Imaging

A number of studies are now collecting diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites. While the reliability of anatomical images has been established by a number of groups, the reliability of DTI data has not been studied as extensively. In this study, five healthy controls were recruited and imaged at eight imaging centers. Repeated measures were obtained across two imaging protocols allowing intra-subject and inter-site variability to be assessed. Regional measures within white matter were obtained for standard rotationally invariant measures: fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity. Intra-subject coefficient of variation (CV) was typically <1% for all scalars and regions. Inter-site CV increased to ~1%-3%. Inter-vendor variation was similar to inter-site variability. This variability includes differences in the actual implementation of the sequence.
In pursuit of virtual lead optimization: Pruning ensembles of receptor structures for increased efficiency and accuracy during docking

Representing receptors as ensembles of protein conformations during docking is a powerful method to approximate protein flexibility and increase the accuracy of the resulting ranked list of compounds. Unfortunately, docking compounds against a large number of ensemble members can increase computational cost and time investment. In this article, we present an efficient method to evaluate and select the most contributive ensemble members prior to docking for targets with a conserved core of residues that bind a ligand moiety. We observed that ensemble members that preserve the geometry of the active site core are most likely to place ligands in the active site with a conserved orientation, generally rank ligands correctly and increase interactions with the receptor. A relative distance approach is used to quantify the preservation of the three‐dimensional interatomic distances of the conserved ligand‐binding atoms and prune large ensembles quickly. In this study, we investigate dihydrofolate reductase as an example of a protein with a conserved core; however, this method for accurately selecting relevant ensemble members a priori can be applied to any system with a conserved ligand‐binding core, including HIV‐1 protease, kinases, and acetylcholinesterase. Representing a drug target as a pruned ensemble during in silico screening should increase the accuracy and efficiency of high‐throughput analyses of lead analogs. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pengaruh Pemisahan Hak AliranKas dan Hak Kontrol terhadap Dividen

The expropriation of minority shareholders by those of controlling shareholders is the main agency conflict in firms with concentrated ownership. The expropriation is obvious when cash flow and control rights are separated through pyramiding and cross-holdings. The ultimate ownership concept is used to identify the separation and investigate its implications on dividend. By using sample of firms listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period from 2000 to 2004, empirical evidence shows that cash flow and control rights do not go together but have different implications. The cash flow right concentration is an incentive to avoid expropriation. This can be seen from evidences of positive effects of cash flow rights on dividend. On the other hand, control right concentration is an incentive to generate private benefits through expropriation. This conclusion is supported by evidence of negative effects of control rights on dividend. When control rights exceed cash flow rights, the controlling shareholders have higher incentive to expropriate by participating in firm's management. The controlling shareholders' participation in management makes them more free to generate private benefits. The incentive, how ever is lower when a firm has the second controlling shareholder. The second controlling shareholder can mitigate the controlling shareholder's incentive to expropriate.
Phosphoproteome profile of Fusarium graminearum grown in vitro under nonlimiting conditions

This study presents a high‐throughput proteomic analysis of phosphopeptides from Fusarium graminearum strain DAOM 233423 grown in vitro without nutritional limitation. Using a combination of strong cation exchange (SCX) and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by LC‐MS, we identified 2902 putative phosphopeptides with homologous matches to 1496 different proteins. Functional classification of the annotated protein set revealed that phosphopeptides from nuclear proteins with ATP‐binding function were the most abundant. There are indications that phosphorylation sites from well‐characterized phosphoproteins representing diverse biological processes are conserved in F. graminearum: sequences of three phosphopeptides from known phosphoproteins (transcription elongation factor 1β, acidic ribosomal proteins, and glycogen synthase) revealed phosphorylation site conservation.
Simulation Framework for Rebalancing of Autonomous Mobility on Demand Systems

We are observing a disruption in the urban transportation worldwide. The number of cities offering shared-use on-demand mobility services is increasing rapidly. They promise sustainable and affordable personal mobility without a burden of owning a vehicle. Despite growing popularity, on-demand services, such as carsharing, remain niche products due to small scale and rebalancing issues. We are proposing an extension to the traditional carsharing, which is Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMOD). AMOD provides a one-way carsharing with self- driving electric vehicles. Autonomous vehicles can make the carsharing more attractive to customers as they (i) reduce the operating cost, which is incurred when a manually driven system is unbalanced, and (ii) release people from the burden of driving.This study is built upon our previous work on Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMOD) systems. Our methodology is simulation-based and we make use of SimMobility, an agent-based microscopic simulation platform. In the current work we focus on the framework for testing different rebalancing policies for the AMOD systems. We compare three different rebalancing methods: (i) no rebalancing, (ii) offline rebalancing, and (iii) online rebalancing. Simulation results indicate that rebalancing reduces the required fleet size and shortens the customers’ wait time.
Characterization of the 1B Promoter of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and Its Expression in the Adult and Developing Mouse Brain*

The present study elucidates the molecular structure of a murine fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) promoter and describes its distribution in the adult and developing mouse brain. A cDNA clone coding for FGF-1 was isolated from a mouse brain cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the clone contained, in addition to the protein coding region, an untranslated exon (FGF-1B) 34 base pairs upstream of the translation start codon ATG. The mouse cDNA clone corresponded to the sole FGF-1 transcript in the brain. An RNase protection assay was used to map the transcription start site of the 1B promoter. The sequences upstream from the major transcription initiation site lacked consensus TATA or CAAT boxes. In situ hybridization with cRNA probes specific for the 1B transcript showed the message to be restricted largely to sensory and motor nuclei in the brainstem, and to the ventral spinal cord and cerebellum. Although occasional brainstem nuclei were labeled at low levels by embryonic day 18, the majority of nuclei became detectable autoradiographically during postnatal weeks 1 and 2, and adult levels of grain density were reached during the 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. FGF-1B mRNA was expressed in phylogenetically older brain regions, which are involved primarily in processing information from exteroceptive sensory mechanoreceptors and in motor control. The relatively late developmental expression suggests a role for FGF-1 in neuronal maturation, rather than in neurogenesis.
HipA-Triggered Growth Arrest and β-Lactam Tolerance in Escherichia coli Are Mediated by RelA-Dependent ppGpp Synthesis

ABSTRACT Persistence is a phenomenon whereby a subpopulation of bacterial cells enters a transient growth-arrested state that confers antibiotic tolerance. While entrance into persistence has been linked to the activities of toxin proteins, the molecular mechanisms by which toxins induce growth arrest and the persistent state remain unclear. Here, we show that overexpression of the protein kinase HipA in Escherichia coli triggers growth arrest by activating synthesis of the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) by the enzyme RelA, a signal typically associated with amino acid starvation. We further demonstrate that chemically suppressing ppGpp synthesis with chloramphenicol relieves inhibition of DNA replication initiation and RNA synthesis in HipA-arrested cells and restores vulnerability to β-lactam antibiotics. HipA-arrested cells maintain glucose uptake and oxygen consumption and accumulate amino acids as a consequence of translational inhibition. We harness the active metabolism of HipA-arrested cells to provide a bacteriophage-resistant platform for the production of biotechnologically relevant compounds, which may represent an innovative solution to the costly problem of phage contamination in industrial fermentations.
Valuation of venture capital investments: empirical evidence

Using the valuation data of 421 US venture capital transactions and 176 initial public offerings, we test a simple binomial valuation model in modelling the risk-return profiles of venture capital investments. We find that the model is consistent with the previous knowledge on the risk-return profile of venture capital investments. The results also confirm the hypotheses that early-stage ventures have higher implied risk and implied volatility of the returns than more established ones. Additionally, we analyse the predictive power of the binomial pricing model and compare it to corresponding ‘traditional’ models that utilize risk-adjusted rates of return. We construct one-step ex post return forecasts for the sample ventures and compare the results to the actually realized returns. The findings indicate that the fit of the binomial model is better than the fit of the corresponding ‘traditional’ models. The results imply that option-based methods have empirical relevance in the pricing analysis of privately held companies and projects. Furthermore, practitioners can benefit from using these methods when analysing the risk-return structure of private companies and R&D projects.
Content Based Image Retrieval Using Geometrical-Shape of Objects in Image

Although some major advances have been made in text searching; only preliminary work has been done in image search. The field of Image search is rooted in Artificial intelligence, digital signal processing, statistics, natural language understanding, databases, psychology, computer vision, and pattern recognition. However none of these fields can solve the problem of image search alone but the solution lies at the crossroads of these parent fields. In our paper we are presenting a method of Contents Based Image Search where geometrical shapes of the objects in the image are considered as contents of image. Each object is separated from the image by segmentation. Then the geometrical shape of the object is estimated and compared with a predefine set of shapes of different categories. Number of objects in an image and geometrical shape of the objects are used as contents of the image which is used for retrieval and searching. Number on objects in the image is used for first level of indexing in search process. Currently we have restricted our objects to a fix number of basic geometrical shapes for simplicity but in futures these shapes can be extended and linked to the real world objects by using more complex equations and other features like color, texture and concept of correlation. Most of the existing image retrieval systems are based on text search using keywords that are annotated manually which involve the intellectual and emotional sides of the human. But in our proposed system this process is somewhat automatic.
Integrating Market Orientation and Competitive Benchmarking: A Methodological Framework and Application

Abstract Since the beginning of the 1990s significant research has been conducted into the extent to which firms in various sectors are market oriented and the relationship between market orientation and firm performance. However, most of this research has been based on the assessments of managers rather than customers, which runs counter to the philosophy of market orientation, which places the customer at the heart of the firm's activities and behaviour. This paper outlines a set of practical procedures for assessing firm performance against customer expectations and competitors, integrating the strengths of the market orientation and competitive benchmarking approaches and ameliorating their weaknesses. A Comparative Customer Satisfaction Survey (CCSS) is introduced and the approach is illustrated through the application to one particular case, drawn from the UK agribusiness sector.
Congestion charging: a tale of two cities

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to add to understanding of how cities function. Specifically, through the lens of power relationships in political organisations, it seeks to study the manner in which accounting and politics are involved in the development of city transport strategies Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a comparative case study approach in which documents and media coverage are key elements of the visualising of the city. Findings - The findings are on a number of levels. First, the study explains the efficacy of congestion charging systems. Second, in the politicised organisation of the city, the context in which policy makers sit is crucial in the elaboration of strategies. Third, the adoption of calculative practices such as congestion charging may reflect political rationality rather than actual need. Originality/value - The focus of the study has been cities – a neglected field, but one with considerable research potential. Second, the mobilisation of concepts of power, as articulated by Clegg, Flyvbjerg and Clegg, represent a novel contribution to the accounting literature.
Molecular model for DNA recognition by the family of basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper proteins.

The basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLH-Zip) motif is a conserved region of approximately 70 amino acids that mediates both sequence-specific DNA binding and protein dimerization. This motif is found in protein sequences from many eukaryotic organisms and is contained in the protein sequence of the oncogene myc and its partner max, and a shortened version of the motif (bHLH) is found in the muscle determination factor myoD and its partner E12. An evaluation of the conserved amino acids that define the motif coupled with the published mutagenic studies of this region has led to our formulation of a molecular model for the binding of this motif as a dimer to specific sequences of DNA. This model has the dimeric protein interacting with an abutted, dyad-symmetric DNA sequence. Helix 2 of each monomer is modeled as a coiled-coil extension of the C-terminal "leucine zipper. " Helix 1 does not interact with helix 1 from its partner in the dimer but with the hydrophobic surface created when the helix 2 regions of the dimer interact with each other as a coiled-coil. Sequence-specific interactions are proposed between the basic region and the invariant cis elements that all bHLH-Zip proteins bind.