Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface functions during mitosis. II. Quantitation of pinocytosis and kinetic characterization of the mitotic cycle with a new fluorescence technique

The profound depression of fluid pinocytosis observed in mitotic cells (Berlin, R. D., et al. 1978. Cell. 15:327--341) is documented by quantitative microspectrofluorimetry of fluorescein-labeled dextran uptake in single cells. In J774.2 macrophages, fluid pinocytosis is reduced 30-fold during mitosis. The depression develops within 30 s of entry into prophase and recovers with equal rapidity upon emergence from telophase into G1. This characteristic pattern of fluid pinocytosis forms the basis of a new method for detailed kinetic analysis of the duration of mitosis and its phases. The analysis is applied to the J774.2 macrophage cell line but should be generally applicable to other lines. Effects of ouabain and colchicine on the length of mitosis and its phases are evaluated, revealing a selective prolongation of metaphase by ouabain and suggesting a role for microtubules in the transition from G2 into mitosis.
Probabilistic Model-Based Safety Analysis

Model-based safety analysis approaches aim at finding critical failure combinations by analysis of models of the whole system (i.e. software, hardware, failure modes and environment). The advantage of these methods compared to traditional approaches is that the analysis of the whole system gives more precise results. Only few model-based approaches have been applied to answer quantitative questions in safety analysis, often limited to analysis of specific failure propagation models, limited types of failure modes or without system dynamics and behavior, as direct quantitative analysis is uses large amounts of computing resources. New achievements in the domain of (probabilistic) model-checking now allow for overcoming this problem. This paper shows how functional models based on synchronous parallel semantics, which can be used for system design, implementation and qualitative safety analysis, can be directly re-used for (model-based) quantitative safety analysis. Accurate modeling of different types of probabilistic failure occurrence is shown as well as accurate interpretation of the results of the analysis. This allows for reliable and expressive assessment of the safety of a system in early design stages.
An industrial-strength content-based music recommendation system

We present a metadata free system for the interaction with massive collections of music, the MusicSurfer. MusicSurfer automatically extracts descriptions related to instrumentation, rhythm and harmony from music audio signals. Together with efficient similarity metrics, the descriptions allow navigation of multimillion track music collections in a flexible and efficient way without the need of metadata or human ratings.
Gender-Linked Differences in Informal Argument: Analyzing Arguments in an Online Newspaper

This study examines gender-linked differences in features of informal argument. Using “feminine style” (Campbell, 1973, 1989) as its theoretical framework, it analyzes aspects of arguments that appeared in a debate section of an online Japanese newspaper. Of the 335 arguments, 172 were constructed by men and 163 by women on four different topics. The results provide evidence to support the hypotheses offered: (a) women are more likely than men to use inductive macro structure, while men are more likely than women to use deductive macro structure in their arguments, and (b) women are more likely than men to use personal statements in their arguments. The results also suggest qualifications and clarifications to the specifics of the feminine style theory by answering the two research questions offered. The two questions concern: (a) the types of macro structures to be considered, and (b) the specific ways in which personal statements are used in arguments. The findings are discussed, which leads to suggestions for future research.
Analogical Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation is an important problem in learning by reading. This paper introduces analogical word-sense disambiguation, which uses human-like analogical processing over structured, relational representations to perform word sense disambiguation. Cases are automatically constructed using representations produced via natural language analysis of sentences, and include both conceptual and linguistic information. Learning occurs via processing cases with the SAGE model of analogical generalization, which constructs probabilistic relational representations from cases that are sufficiently similar, but also stores outliers. Disambiguation is performed by using analogical retrieval over generalizations and stored examples to provide evidence for new word occurrences based on prior experience. We present experiments demonstrating that analogical word sense disambiguation, using representations that are suitable for learning by reading, yields accuracies comparable to traditional algorithms operating over feature-based representations.
Tau – an inhibitor of deacetylase HDAC6 function

Analysis of brain microtubule protein from patients with Alzheimer’s disease showed decreased alpha tubulin levels along with increased acetylation of the alpha tubulin subunit, mainly in those microtubules from neurons containing neurofibrillary tau pathology. To determine the relationship of tau protein and increased tubulin acetylation, we studied the effect of tau on the acetylation‐deacetylation of tubulin. Our results indicate that tau binds to the tubulin‐deacetylase, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), decreasing its activity with a consequent increase in tubulin acetylation. As expected, increased acetylation was also found in tubulin from wild‐type mice compared with tubulin from mice lacking tau because of the tau‐mediated inhibition of the deacetylase. In addition, we found that an excess of tau protein, as a HDAC6 inhibitor, prevents induction of autophagy by inhibiting proteasome function.
Feasibility Study on Introducing A Superconducting Wiggler to SAGA Light Source

Numerical studies on the effect of a superconducting wiggler (SCW), which was developed at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), to Saga light source (SAGA-LS) have been performed. The three dimensional magnetic field of the SCW was calculated to evaluate the effect on beam optics. It was found that the tune correction was needed to reduce a deformation of the vertical beta function. The dynamic aperture shrank to about 70 % on horizontal plane. However these effects are considered to be tolerable at the SAGA-LS.
HIV Coreceptor Downregulation as Antiviral Principle: SDF-1α–dependent Internalization of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 Contributes to Inhibition of HIV Replication

Ligation of CCR5 by the CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α or MIP-1β, and of CXCR4 by the CXC chemokine SDF-1α, profoundly inhibits the replication of HIV strains that use these coreceptors for entry into CD4+ T lymphocytes. The mechanism of entry inhibition is not known. We found a rapid and extensive downregulation of CXCR4 by SDF-1α and of CCR5 by RANTES or the antagonist RANTES(9-68). Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that CCR5 and CXCR4, after binding to their ligands, are internalized into vesicles that qualify as early endosomes as indicated by colocalization with transferrin receptors. Internalization was not affected by treatment with Bordetella pertussis toxin, showing that it is independent of signaling via Gi-proteins. Removal of SDF-1α led to rapid, but incomplete surface reexpression of CXCR4, a process that was not inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that the coreceptor is recycling from the internalization pool. Deletion of the COOH-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of CXCR4 did not affect HIV entry, but prevented SDF-1α–induced receptor downregulation and decreased the potency of SDF-1α as inhibitor of HIV replication. Our results indicate that the ability of the coreceptor to internalize is not required for HIV entry, but contributes to the HIV suppressive effect of CXC and CC chemokines.
Optimizing the Degree Distribution of LT codes with an Importance Sampling Approach

Fountain coding principle introduced by Byers et al. in 1998 describes an efficient way to transfer information over erasure channels. In this paper, we focus on a particular class of fountain codes, the LT codes. The key component of LT codes is the so-called degree distribution used in the encoding procedure. The degree distribution is the sole component responsible for the efficiency of the LT codes. In general, the optimization of the degree distribution is not a trivial problem. This paper describes an algorithm for iterative optimization of parameterized degree distributions for LT codes. In particular, we use methods utilized in importance sampling theory to construct an objective function which eventually is optimized with non-linear optimization methods. The proposed method is studied for message lengths of a couple of hundred blocks and less. We present some examples of degree distributions optimized with the proposed algorithm with comparisons to the performance of previously proposed distributions.
Distributed energy beamforming with one-bit feedback

Energy beamforming (EB) is a key technique for achieving efficient radio-frequency (RF) transmission enabled wireless energy transfer (WET). By optimally designing the waveforms from multiple energy transmitters (ETs) over the wireless channels, they are constructively combined at the energy receiver (ER) to achieve an EB gain that scales with the number of ETs. However, the optimal design of transmit waveforms requires accurate channel state information (CSI) at the ETs, which is challenging to obtain in practical WET systems. In this paper, we propose a new channel training scheme to achieve optimal EB gain in a distributed WET system, where multiple separated ETs adjust their transmit phases to collaboratively send power to a single ER in an iterative manner, based on one-bit feedback from the ER per training interval which indicates the increase/decrease of the received power level from one particular ET over two preassigned transmit phases. The proposed EB algorithm can be efficiently implemented in practical WET systems even with a large number of distributed ETs, and is analytically shown to converge quickly to the optimal EB design as the number of feedback intervals per ET increases. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm as compared to other distributed EB designs.
Parent-Child Interaction after Treatment of Stuttering: a Comparison between the Lidcombe Program and the Demands and Capacities Model-based Treatment

The change in four parent-child interaction variables was evaluated after three months of therapy, with either the Demands and Capacities Model based treatment or the Lidcombe Program. Results indicate that parents do not change their articulation rate, mean length of utterance, type token ratio and percentage of positive statements after three months of therapy. Furthermore, none of the parental variables proved significantly as a predictor of the child’s fluency . The only significant predictor of the child’s fluency was the factor time (pre- or post therapy).
Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and Their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair

Using Afrocentric theory and standpoint theory, this article examines the effect of the White standard of beauty upon African American women. By shedding light on the salience of the effects of beauty, body image, and hair, this article questions societal definitions of beauty. Adherence to the Euro American beauty standard has had, and continues to have, devastating effects upon African American women. In addition, this standard pits African American women against the dominant cultural standard of beauty. A call to challenge the hegemonic White standard of beauty through Black beauty liberation is offered.
Pentablock copolymers of pluronic F127 and modified poly(2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate for internalization mechanism and gene transfection studies

Cationic polymers are one of the major nonviral gene delivery vectors investigated in the past decade. In this study, we synthesized several cationic copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for gene delivery vectors: pluronic F127-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PF127-pDMAEMA), pluronic F127-poly (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-tert-butyl acrylate) (PF127-p(DMAEMA-tBA)), and pluronic F127-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA)). The copolymers showed high buffering capacity and efficiently complexed with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) to form nanoparticles 80–180 nm in diameter and with positive zeta potentials. In the absence of 10% fetal bovine serum, PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA) showed the highest gene expression and the lowest cytotoxicity in 293T cells. After acrylic acid groups had been linked with a fluorescent dye, the confocal laser scanning microscopic image showed that PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA)/pDNA could efficiently enter the cells. Both clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis mechanisms were involved. Our results showed that PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA) has great potential to be a gene delivery vector.
Fuzhou University at TRECVID 2009

In this paper we describe our approaches to the high-level feature extraction task in TRECVID 2009. Our semantic detection system is based on 6 basic low-level features as well as merged features. We have experimented with several fusion strategies, especially the low-level feature concatenation and Borda fusion. Our experiments showed that the second Borda fusion could increase the number of the true shots returned, but not inevitably improve the mean inferred average precision. Experiments also revealed that the selection of various low-level features and fusion schemes is very crucial for achieving a good system performance. The description of our 6 runs for the high-level feature detection is as follows:
Innovative constructions in Dutch Turkish: An assessment of ongoing contact-induced change*

Turkish as spoken in the Netherlands (NL-Turkish) sounds “different” (unconventional) to Turkish speakers in Turkey (TR-Turkish). We claim that this is due to structural contact-induced change that is, however, located within specific lexically complex units copied from Dutch. This article investigates structural change in NL-Turkish through analyses of spoken corpora collected in the bilingual Turkish community in the Netherlands and in a monolingual community in Turkey. The analyses reveal that at the current stage of contact, NL-Turkish is not copying Dutch syntax as such, but rather translates lexically complex individual units into Turkish. Perceived semantic equivalence between Dutch units and their Turkish equivalents plays a crucial role in this translation process. Counter to expectations, the TR-Turkish data also contained unconventional units, though they differed in type, and were much less frequent than those in NL-Turkish. We conclude that synchronic variation in individual NL-Turkish units can contain the seeds of future syntactic change, which will only be visible after an increase in the type and token frequency of the changing units.
Novel Four-Way Multilayer SIW Power Divider With Slot Coupling Structure

A novel four-way multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider with slot coupling structure is proposed in this letter. Two rectangular slots located in the right and left arms of SIW T-junction are employed to achieve efficient transition with two microstrip lines. Good impedance matching and signal transmission between SIW and microstrip lines are achieved. Two isolation resistors are used to improve the isolation between output ports. The even- and odd-mode analysis method is used in the proposed circuit. A prototype of the presented power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.
Broken plural detection for arabic information retrieval

Due to the high number of inflectional variations of Arabic words, empirical results suggest that stemming is essential for Arabic information retrieval. However, current light stemming algorithms do not extract the correct stem of irregular (so-called broken) plurals, which constitute ~10% of Arabic texts and ~41% of plurals. Although light stemming in particular has led to improvements in information retrieval [5, 6], the effects of broken plurals on the performance of information retrieval systems has not been examined.We propose a light stemmer that incorporates a broken plural recognition component, and evaluate it within the context of information retrieval. Our results show that identifying broken plurals and reducing them to their correct stems does result in a significant improvement in the performance of information retrieval systems.
Disclosure strategies among sex offenders: A model for understanding the engagement process in groupwork

Abstract A key component of the functional engagement of child sex offenders in a group-based programme is the disclosure of certain personal information. Such information is required to be of a type and presented in a way that facilitates open exchange in the group, promoting understanding of the presenter's offence pattern and conveying his sole responsibility for the offending. The model explained in this paper, based on an outcome from a grounded theory study, describes in detail four distinct orientations to such disclosure. Each is associated with a particular style of managing the disclosure encounter. Three of these disclosure management styles can be described as essentially “resistant” in nature, but only one is overtly oppositional. The two other “resistant” styles of disclosure management emerge as more covert and perhaps less readily identifiable expressions of reluctance. The implications of the model for work with this population and in more general settings are discussed.
Molecules of Interest Hydroxynitrile glucosides

0031-9422/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.phytochem. 2008.04. 018 * Corresponding author. Tel. : +45 3528 3352; fax: + E-mail address: blm@life.ku. dk (B.L. Møller). band c-Hydroxynitrile glucosides are structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides (a-hydroxynitrile glucosides) but do not give rise to hydrogen cyanide release upon hydrolysis. Structural similarities and frequent co-occurrence suggest that the biosynthetic pathways for these compounds share common features. Based on available literature data we propose that oximes produced by CYP79 orthologs are common intermediates and that their conversion into band c-hydroxynitrile glucosides is mediated by evolutionary diversified multifunctional orthologs to CYP71E1. We designate these as CYP71bc and CYP71abc; in combination with the classical CYP71a (CYP71E1 and orthologs) these are able to hydroxylate any of the carbon atoms present in the amino acid and oxime derived nitriles. Subsequent dehydration reactions and hydroxylations and a final glycosylation step afford the unsaturated band c-hydroxynitrile glucosides. This scheme would explain the distribution patterns of a-, band c-hydroxynitrile glucosides found in plants. The possible biological functions of these hydroxynitriles are discussed. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reduced Bone Stiffness in Women Is Associated with Clinical Attachment and Tooth Loss

The authors evaluated the association of reduced bone stiffness of the calcaneus with clinical attachment loss (CAL) and tooth loss. The authors analyzed data from 4,678 subjects (2,384 women), aged 20 to 88 y, from the second follow-up of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) and the baseline examination of the SHIP-Trend cohort. Bone stiffness, characterized by the stiffness index (SI) and the osteoporotic fracture risk (OFR), was assessed by quantitative ultrasound of the heel. SI and OFR were significantly associated with the mean CAL in women. While 1) the SI showed a significant association with the mean CAL and 2) the OFR with the median number of teeth in just the postmenopausal women, the OFR showed a significant association with mean CAL for both pre- and postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, a 10-unit increase in the SI was associated with a decrease in the mean CAL of 0.05 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.10 to 0.00; P = 0.046). Moreover, the adjusted median number of teeth was 21.4 (95% CI: 20.9 to 21.9) among the postmenopausal women with a low OFR, while it was 19.1 (95% CI: 17.8 to 20.3; P = 0.001) among the postmenopausal women with a high OFR. For the premenopausal women with a low OFR, the mean CAL was 1.60 mm (95% CI: 1.53 to 1.66), while for the premenopausal women with a high OFR, it was 2.24 mm (95% CI: 1.78 to 2.69; P = 0.006). Reduced bone stiffness was associated with clinical attachment and tooth loss in women but not in men.
Evocation of Meaning Through Poetic Condensation of Narratives in Empirical Phenomenological Inquiry Into Human Suffering

The phenomenological interest to gain insight into the human being with lived experiences characterized as composite, diverse, ambiguous, vague, obvious, and concealed challenged this researcher in the process of doing life-world phenomenology. While researching the phenomenon of suffering, the author sought ways to intensify and evoke the embedded meanings in oral narratives, and he presents a model for poetic condensation of oral narratives to enhance the evocation of the meaning of suffering. Examples of narrated text are compared to the condensed narrative. Reading poetic condensed narratives of suffering has the potential to create a sense of the phenomenon responsive to and shaped by the way suffering is experienced.
The Quest for Meaning in Public Choice

The logical foundations of constitutional government are of basic importance if people are to be self-governing. All forms of political order are Faustian bargains subject to numerous risks. If constitutional choice applies to all patterns of human association, the complexity of associated relationships and the potential threats to the viability of associated relationships in the aggregate exceed the limits of human cognition. The development of analytical capabilities depends on using frameworks, theories, and models for formulating hypotheses about conditions and consequences, undertaking diagnostic assessments, and conceptualizing and designing alternative possibilities. The relationship of ideas to deeds in an experimental epistemology is necessary to achieve a warrantable art and science of association. Copyright 2004 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc.
The effects of presentation rate and retention interval on memory for items and associations in younger adults: A simulation of older adults’ associative memory deficit

ABSTRACT Older adults show an associative deficit in episodic memory compared to younger adults. Previous research suggests both strategic and automatic binding deficits contribute to older adults’ poorer memory performance. Using behavioral manipulations designed to affect strategic and automatic binding of associations, three experiments attempted to simulate an associative deficit in younger adults. In these experiments participants learned face-scene pairs and then were given item and associative recognition memory tests. We manipulated the time allotted at encoding and retrieval to simulate strategic deficits, and the length of the retention interval to simulate automatic deficits. Results indicate that both manipulations separately contribute to a differential decline in associative memory, similar to the one shown by older adults, especially as reflected in the differential increase in false alarm rate in the associative memory test more than in the item memory test. Considerations of possible underlying brain mechanisms are discussed.