Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guessing a Conjecture in Enumerative Combinatorics and Proving It with a Computer Algebra System

We present a theorem-proving experiment performed with a computer algebra system. It proves a conjecture about the general pattern of the generating functions counting rooted maps of given genus. These functions are characterized by a complex non-linear differential system between generating functions of multi-rooted maps. Establishing a pattern for these functions requires a sophisticated inductive proof. Up to now these proofs were made by hand. This work is the first computer proof of this kind of theorem. Symbolic computations are performed at the same abstraction level as the hand-made proofs, but with a computer algebra system. Generalizing this first success may significantly help solving algebraic problems in enumerative combinatorics.
BLACK-HAT HACKERS’ CRISIS INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE DARKNET: A CASE STUDY OF CYBER UNDERGROUND MARKET SHUTDOWNS

This chapter explores collective information processing among black-hat hackers during their crises events. The chapter presents a preliminary study on one of Tor-based darknet market forums, during the shutdowns of two cryptomar-kets. Content and network analysis of forum conversations showed that black-hat users mostly engaged with rational information processing and were adept at reaching collective solutions by sharing security advices, new market information, and alternative routes for economic activities. At the same time, the study also found that anti-social and distrustful interactions were aggravated during the marketplace shutdowns. Communication network analysis showed that not all members were affected by the crisis events, alluding to a fragmented network structure of black-hat markets. The chapter concludes that, while darknet forums may constitute resilient, solution-oriented users, market crises potentially make the community vulnerable by engendering internal distrust.
A Review on Churn Prediction Modeling in Telecom Environment

With increasing number of mobile operators and competitive market, churn prediction has become a major challenge for telecom companies. The telecom sector is highly effected due to rival competition and companies face loss of revenue when customer switch to competitor. For retaining the customer, an exact or accurate customer churn prediction model is required to estimate the number of customer who will churn out of current service provider which will be referred as churners. With the significant boom in machine learning research in recent years and having both power and high dimensional data, machine learning techniques can be used to predict those churners. This paper provides information on challenges and way of building the churn prediction model. This also provides a roadmap for the researchers to tackle supervised learning techniques and applying those to solve the real world problems.
Agile and Traditional Requirements Engineering: A Survey

In the past few years, there has been an increasing awareness of the important role of requirements engineering (RE) in a project's success, in both research and industry. Developing consistent requirements specifications that meet the customers' needs, in traditional development, is likely to be infeasible. For one reason, customers do not usually have a clear picture of what they really want. Secondly, the business domain could be changing quickly, especially if it heavily depends on technologies. Agile software development (ASD), on the other hand, supports iterative and incremental development and emphasises customers' involvement in the development process. We argue that adopting ASD in RE overcomes the limitations of the traditional development. ASD, however, is no silver bullet and its adoption comes at a price. This paper helps the reader to: (1) get a quick yet a comprehensive grasp of RE in traditional and ASD; (2) understand the synergies/commonalities between the two approaches in handling RE; (3) recognise the associated challenges of adopting ASD; and (4) identify the current prominent agile RE research areas.
Augmenting Drug Discussions in General Practice

This extended abstract discusses our ongoing research on augmenting the communication between an expert and a layman using interactive visualizations. We are currently designing an interactive table that assists patients and general practitioners (GPs) to explore drug information using a camera to recognize drug packages and a projector to visualize complex drug information directly around these packages.
Plasma LDL subtype distribution in patients with or without coronary stenosis

Aim: Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) had 3 subtypes according to its separation by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Of these, the small, dense (Sd) LDL particles have been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Th is study was conducted to assess the LDL subtypes in a group of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Materials and methods: Th e study involved 56 patients—36 of whom had at least 1 vessel stenosed (stenosis group)— and 20 patients who had no stenosis (non-stenosis group). LDL subtypes were determined according to their migration pattern aft er non-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Total cholesterol, LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride levels were also evaluated. Results: Sd LDL positivity was slightly increased in the stenosis group, but the diff erence was not signifi cant. Mean HDL levels were lower in the stenosis group; other lipid parameters were similar between the groups. Patients with Sd LDL positivity had signifi cantly higher levels of triglyceride (P < 0.005). Conclusion: In the current study Sd LDL positivity was relatively higher in coronary stenosis patients; however, it is not statistically signifi cant.
Cardiac repolarization and striatal dopamine transporter function are interrelated

ObjectiveIn Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cardiac sympathetic function are disturbed. In addition, heart rate (HR)-corrected cardiac repolarisation time (QTc interval), which is partly under autonomic control, is prolonged. Whether there is physiological coupling between striatal DAT binding and QTc time (QTc–DAT relation) is not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate QTc–DAT relation in healthy young adults. MethodsThirty-five participants (18 women, age 26.4±1.8 years; mean±SD) were studied with iodine-123 labelled 2&bgr;-carbomethoxy-3&bgr;-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane single photon emission tomography. Signal-averaged ECG was recorded at rest from each participant. QTc interval was computed with Bazett's correction and with the approach by Karjalainen, getting QTc and QTk intervals, respectively. ResultsMean striatal DAT binding, as (striatum–cerebellum)/cerebellum, was 2.63±0.31. Mean HR, QT, QTc and QTk intervals were 66±9 bpm, 340±25 ms, 354±18 ms and 351±16 ms, respectively. HR-QT correlation was −0.63, P value of less than 0.001. HR was not related to striatal DAT binding. QTc–DAT and QTk–DAT relations were significant, r = −0.50, P = 0.004 and r = −0.59, P = 0.0002, respectively. In linear regression model, striatal DAT binding explained 35% of the variance of QTk interval (95% confidence interval: −46.9 to −13.0, P = 0.0002). ConclusionThis study suggests significant physiological QTc–DAT relation in young healthy adults. QTc interval measurements might carry diagnostically important information in clinical conditions, which have an effect on both striatal DAT binding and cardiac sympathetic function.
Perioperative risk analysis for acute respiratory distress syndrome after elective oesophagectomy

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major contributor to respiratory morbidity and mortality after oesophagectomy. Several pre‐, intra‐ and post‐operative factors are thought to predispose to its development in the post‐oesophagectomy period. The aim of this study was to determine factors predisposing to ARDS in the post‐oesophagectomy period.
Quality of Service Impacts of a Moving Target Defense with Software Defined Networking

Computer networks face continual attacks from adversaries that devise innovative ways to achieve their goals. An adversary often conducts careful reconnaissance and scanning of the target network to amass actionable information before they launch an attack. IP addresses are one form of information sought by adversaries. A defensive method that uses a Moving Target Defense (MTD) to change the perceived IP addresses of hosts on a network attaches an expiration date to information from the intelligence-gathering phases of an attack. To counter this, an adversary must act fast and introduce a higher chance of committing an error, or scan more often which increases their visibility. Technical challenges with MTD pose obstacles for those who wish to use this technique on their networks. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides network engineers with a flexible way to determine network behavior, which overcomes some of these technical challenges. One form of a SDN MTD is Random Host Mutation (RHM), which assigns hosts a Virtual IP address (vIP) to pair with their Real IP address (rIP). At a given interval, these rIP:vIP mappings “mutate” and link a different vIP to the same rIP. RHM is an offshoot of a proof-of-concept implementation in a simulation network from researchers at the University of North Carolina (UNC). While this research did not include statistical analysis, research by Aust in 2017 at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) confirms the defensive benefits of this technique through experiments on actual hardware with statistically-significant research. With a proven defensive technique in hand, the impact of RHM on Quality of Service (QoS) for legitimate network users is the next area of interest for network engineers. This research confirms previous work in the research area with validation experiments. QoS experiments use a test network similar to the one in past AFIT research, which supports a simulated adversary and servers for several protocols in common use. Test scripts generate packet captures of network traffic for later analysis of legitimate user and adversary actions. Conclusions about the efficacy of RHM on adversary
Asymmetric effects on risks of Virtual Financial Assets (VFAs) in different regimes: a case of bitcoin

The rapid development of VFAs allows investors to diversify their choices of investment products. In this paper, we measure the return risk of VFAs based on GARCH-type model. By establishing a Markov regime-switching Regression (MSR) Model, we explore the asymmetric effects of speculation, investor attention, and market interoperability on return risks in different risk regimes of VFAs. The results show that the influences of speculation and investor attention on the risks of VFAs are significantly positive at all regimes, while market interoperability only admits a positive impact on risk under high risk regime. All of the three factors exert asymmetric effects on risks in different regimes. Further study presents that the risk regime-switching also shows asymmetric characteristic but the medium risk regime is more stable than any others. Therefore, transactions of investors and arbitrageurs are monitored by certain policies, such as limiting the number of transactions or restricting the trading amount at high risk regime. However, when return risk is low, it will return to a medium level if we encourage investors to access.
Managerial Discretion and Efficiency of Internal Capital Markets

This paper uses the staggered adoption of state-level antitakeover laws to provide causal evidence on whether managerial agency problems affect the allocative efficiency of conglomerate firms. Increases in control slack lead to sharp declines in the Q-sensitivity of investment. The effects are more pronounced for conglomerate firms under stronger pressure from the corporate control market prior to the adoption of antitakeover laws as well as for conglomerate firms with greater financial slack, dispersion of ownership, and diversity of investment opportunities. Our findings establish a novel organizational channel through which takeover threats impact the efficiency of resource allocation in the economy.
Is Allocation of Attention Impaired in Fallers Compared to Non-Fallers? An Event-Related Potential Study

Approximately 30% of older adults experience one or more falls annually. The ability to properly allocate attention may be a risk factor falls. Our study examined whether older adults (aged 58-79) with a history of falls, allocated attention differently to auditory distractor stimuli compared to those without a history of falls, and whether such differences subsequently altered cognitive processing of visual target stimuli. We examined allocation of attention using event-related potentials (ERPs) as participants responded to visual targets while ignoring task-irrelevant auditory distractors. A posterior to anterior shift in electrical brain activity was exaggerated in the faller group compared to the non-faller group when cognitively processing the visual target stimuli. This suggests differences in the way stimuli are cognitively processed and classified between fallers and non-fallers.
Why Do Innovative Firms Hold More Cash? The International Evidence

Using 8,379 innovative firms from 23 non-U.S. countries over 1990-2012, we find that firms with higher innovation efficiency hoard more cash. To establish causality, we use a differences-in-differences approach based on country patent reforms and legalization of same-sex marriage. We also find that innovatively efficient firms use cash to alleviate financial constraints, invest in future R&D, and exploit innovation opportunities. They increase cash holdings by saving from cash flows and paying out less. The result is stronger for firms with better governance, in industries with higher innovation competition, and in countries that encourage competitiveness more and provide higher human capital.
The persistence of error: a study of retracted articles on the Internet and in personal libraries.

OBJECTIVE To determine the accessibility of retracted articles residing on non-publisher websites and in personal libraries. METHODS Searches were performed to locate Internet copies of 1,779 retracted articles identified in MEDLINE, published between 1973 and 2010, excluding the publishers' website. Found copies were classified by article version and location. Mendeley (a bibliographic software) was searched for copies residing in personal libraries. RESULTS Non-publisher websites provided 321 publicly accessible copies for 289 retracted articles: 304 (95%) copies were the publisher' versions, and 13 (4%) were final manuscripts. PubMed Central had 138 (43%) copies; educational websites 94 (29%); commercial websites 24 (7%); advocacy websites 16 (5%); and institutional repositories 10 (3%). Just 16 [corrected] (5%) full-article views included a retraction statement. Personal Mendeley libraries contained records for 1,340 (75%) retracted articles, shared by 3.4 users, on average. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of decentralized access to scientific articles may come with the cost of promoting incorrect, invalid, or untrustworthy science. Automated methods to deliver status updates to readers may reduce the persistence of error in the scientific literature.
Clinicopathologic findings predictive of relapse in children with stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor.

PURPOSE Stage III designation in NWTS-5 (National Wilms Tumor Study-5) was determined by four pathologic criteria: positive lymph nodes (LNs), peritoneal implants, residual disease, and tumor rupture. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of each of the stage III criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children with stage III Wilms tumor (WT) treated in NWTS-5 were assessed for event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Sites of relapse and molecular status of tumors are reported. EFS and OS are reported 8 years after diagnosis. RESULTS There were 569 patients with local stage III favorable-histology (FH) WT in this analysis, of whom 109 had overall stage IV disease. LN involvement alone was the most frequent criterion for stage III designation (38%), followed by microscopic residual disease alone (20%), microscopic residual disease and LN involvement (14%), and spill or soilage alone (9%). The 8-year EFS and OS estimates for all patients with local stage III FHWT were 82% and 91%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both LN involvement (relative risk, 1.89; P = .005) and microscopic residual disease (relative risk, 1.87; P = .007) were predictive of EFS, and OS results were similar. There was no apparent difference in pattern of relapse according to stage III subtype. The rate of loss of heterozygosity was higher (6%) for those with positive LNs than for those without (2%; P = .05). CONCLUSION LN involvement and microscopic residual are the stage III criteria highly predictive of EFS and OS for patients with stage III FHWT. It is possible that in future studies, patients with different stage III criteria may receive different therapies.
Decadal warming causes a consistent and persistent shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic respiration in contrasting permafrost ecosystems

Soil carbon in permafrost ecosystems has the potential to become a major positive feedback to climate change if permafrost thaw increases heterotrophic decomposition. However, warming can also stimulate autotrophic production leading to increased ecosystem carbon storage—a negative climate change feedback. Few studies partitioning ecosystem respiration examine decadal warming effects or compare responses among ecosystems. Here, we first examined how 11 years of warming during different seasons affected autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a bryophyte‐dominated peatland in Abisko, Sweden. We used natural abundance radiocarbon to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic respiration, associated with production, and heterotrophic decomposition. Summertime warming decreased the age of carbon respired by the ecosystem due to increased proportional contributions from autotrophic and young soil respiration and decreased proportional contributions from old soil. Summertime warming's large effect was due to not only warmer air temperatures during the growing season, but also to warmer deep soils year‐round. Second, we compared ecosystem respiration responses between two contrasting ecosystems, the Abisko peatland and a tussock‐dominated tundra in Healy, Alaska. Each ecosystem had two different timescales of warming (<5 years and over a decade). Despite the Abisko peatland having greater ecosystem respiration and larger contributions from heterotrophic respiration than the Healy tundra, both systems responded consistently to short‐ and long‐term warming with increased respiration, increased autotrophic contributions to ecosystem respiration, and increased ratios of autotrophic to heterotrophic respiration. We did not detect an increase in old soil carbon losses with warming at either site. If increased autotrophic respiration is balanced by increased primary production, as is the case in the Healy tundra, warming will not cause these ecosystems to become growing season carbon sources. Warming instead causes a persistent shift from heterotrophic to more autotrophic control of the growing season carbon cycle in these carbon‐rich permafrost ecosystems.
A multithreaded multimedia processor merging on-chip multiprocessors and distributed vector pipelines

This paper introduces a new multimedia processor architecture that exploits all sorts of parallelism that can be found in multimedia applications, namely data, instruction, thread and transfer level parallelism. The proposed architecture issues simultaneously several scalar and vector threads on an array of functional units to mask pipeline stalls due to functional and memory units latencies or cache misses. The clustering of the architecture in several processors communicating through register channels and stream Buffer allows high clock frequency implementation and reduces the ever growing interconnection delay influence. Several motion estimation algorithms have already been implemented to show the efficiency of the architecture to adapt its resources allocation to better fulfil the application intrinsic vectorizing ratio.
Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM): reliability for substance abusers.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of a new semistructured diagnostic interview, the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM), for substance-abusing patients. The reliability of psychiatric diagnoses for individuals who drink heavily or use drugs has been shown to be problematic. The PRISM was designed to improve the reliability for such individuals. METHOD A test-retest reliability study of the PRISM was conducted with 172 patients being treated in dual-diagnosis or substance abuse settings. RESULTS Good to excellent reliability was shown for many diagnoses, including affective disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, some anxiety disorders, and psychotic symptoms. The interview has recently been updated for DSM-IV diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The PRISM offers a method of producing psychiatric diagnoses with improved reliability for patients and other research subjects who have problems with alcohol or drugs.
High cure rates and reduced long-term toxicity in pediatric Hodgkin's disease: the German-Austrian multicenter trial DAL-HD-90. The German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Study Group.

PURPOSE To further reduce therapy-related late effects in patients with pediatric Hodgkin's disease (HD) while maintaining the high cure rates achieved with vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine, and doxorubicin (OPPA) or OPPA/cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (COPP) chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy. The risk of testicular dysfunction was addressed by substituting etoposide for procarbazine (OEPA) in the induction therapy for boys. Radiation doses and fields were further reduced. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred nineteen boys and 259 girls younger than 18 years with previously untreated HD, enrolled onto the study between 1990 and 1995, were allocated to treatment group (TG)1 (early stages), TG2 (intermediate stages), or TG3 (advanced stages). All groups underwent two cycles of OEPA (boys) or OPPA (girls) for induction chemotherapy. TG2 and TG3 continued on additional two or four cycles, respectively, of COPP. Low-dose radiotherapy was given to the initially involved sites, ie, reduced involved fields. RESULTS Initial response to OPPA or OEPA induction was virtually identical. Eight of 578 patients experienced early progression of HD. Thirty-seven relapses, three secondary tumors, and no secondary leukemias have been recorded, with a median follow-up duration of 5.1 years (maximum, 8.1 years). Thirteen of 578 patients died. The probability of 5-year event-free survival/overall survival is 91%/98% in the total group, 94%/97% with OPPA, and 89%/98% with OEPA induction therapy. Risk factor analysis showed two significant prognostic factors: histologic subtype NS2 and "B" symptoms. OEPA induction therapy, large mediastinal tumor, and age were not significant. Preliminary studies of testicular function indicate a lower risk of germ cell damage than previously documented with OPPA. CONCLUSION OEPA is a satisfactory alternative to OPPA. Radiotherapy can be confined to involved sites when combined with appropriate chemotherapy. The DAL-HD-90 regimen represents a comprehensive treatment program for all stages of pediatric HD and offers a favorable benefit/risk ratio, combining excellent disease control, moderate acute toxicity, and reduced long-term toxicity.