Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[(2R,5R,6S,9R)-6-Isopropyl-9-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-bromobenzoate

The title compound, C20H27BrO4, a 4-bromobenzoyl derivative of a stereoisomer of glycerol menthonide, synthesized as part of a study of 3-carbon stereochemical moieties, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, the two molecules differing only in one of the C—O—C—C torsion angles around the ester O atom [−106.5 (7) and 146.1 (6)°]. The two molecules are crystallographically related by a pseudotranslation along the (011) diagonal of the unit cell, emulating a primitive monoclinic cell of half the volume. The translational symmetry is broken by the 4-bromobenzoate groups. The crystallographic assignment of the absolute stereochemistry is consistent with having started with (−)-menthone, the acetal C atom is R and the secondary alcohol is R. This brings the bromobenzoate into approximately the same plane as the menthyl ring and cis to the isopropyl group. The glycerol menthonide sections of the molecules interact with each other via C—H⋯O interactions, leading to the formation of chains either A or B molecules that stretch parallel to [010], forming column-shaped double chains. Interactions between neighboring columns are limited to van der Waals contacts.
Identification and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag-pol fusion protein in transfected mammalian cells

Three human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutants were constructed with mutations in their protease genes: AH2-pSVL, with an in-phase deletion; BH27-pSVL, with an out-of-phase deletion creating a stop codon immediately after the deletion site; and CA-pSVL, with a point mutation creating an Asp-to-Ala substitution at the putative protease active site. The wild-type, HXB2-pSVL, and the mutated viral genomes were used to transfect COS-M6 cells and to produce virions. Immunoblotting assays with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for p24 showed that all three mutant contained a gag precursor, Pr56gag, with AH2 and CA expressing an extra band of about 160 kDa. Similar assays with a MAb specific for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) also revealed a 160-kDa protein from AH2 and CA virions and two mature p66 and p51 RT subunits from HXB2 virions. In addition, HXB2, AH2, and CA but not BH27 virions exhibited RT activity. The same protein in the 160-kDa band seemed to possess both p24 and RT components, since the MAb against p24 was able to immunoadsorb RT antigen and enzymatic activity. These results indicate that the HIV-1 gag-pol fusion protein produced in mammalian cells expressed significant RT activity.
RATIONAL HOUSEHOLD LABOR SUPPLY

Traditionally, household behavior is derived from the maximization of a unique utility function. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, in which the household is modeled as a two-member collectivity taking Pareto-efficient decisions. The consequences of this assumption are analyzed in a three-good model, in which only total consumption and each member's labor supply are observable. If the agents are assumed egoistic (i.e., they are only concerned with their own leisure and consumption), it is possible to derive falsifiable conditions upon household labor supplies from both a parametric and nonparametric viewpoint. If, alternatively, agents are altruistic, restrictions obtain in the nonparametric context; useful interpretation stems from the comparison with the characterization of aggregate demand for a private-good economy.
Rethinking Patent Damages

Determining the appropriate monetary remedy for patent infringement has always been a complicated and confusing task, for two principal reasons. The first is that the rules courts have developed for estimating patent damages have been, all too often, both complex and contradictory. This observation continues to be true even after the creation of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which since 1982 has heard all appeals in patent infringement suits. The second reason is that the proper application of even relatively simple rules to real cases can be surprisingly difficult. In recent years, courts have begun to abandon the formalism that once characterized their approach to patent damages in favor of an analysis more solidly grounded in the economics of market structure, but much work remains to be done to set the law of patent damages on a rational footing. Our goal in this article is to provide a comprehensive economic framework for analyzing and estimating patent damages in the form of either lost profits or reasonable royalties. We begin with an overview of the law of patent damages, paying particular attention to the development of legal standards for estimating lost profits and reasonable royalties over the past thirty years. As we show, the courts have been moving by fits and starts toward adopting a general tort-law framework involving the application of cause-in-fact and proximate cause doctrine, though without completely giving up the idea that the law of patent damages should remain materially different from the law of damages as applied to other torts. We then provide a rationale for a general but-for causation standard and demonstrate how this standard might apply to a variety of market arrangements. Finally, we discuss the concept of proximate cause and what it might mean in the context of patent infringement. Although our results are largely supportive of some of the legal standards the Federal Circuit has adopted over the past ten years, we argue that the court has ignored some potent counterarguments, and that these counterarguments must be resolved before one can have any confidence in the standards chosen. In reaching our results, we therefore address, though ultimately reject, arguments that patent owners should systematically recover less than the amount of their but-for loss, in order to encourage efficient infringement or to avoid anticompetitive schemes of preemptive patenting or tying.
Rib Microring Resonators in Lithium Niobate on Insulator

Rib microring resonators were fabricated via electron beam lithography and ion milling in lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). LNOI is a single crystalline thin film of lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) bonded to 1.8 μm of SiO<sub>2</sub> and an LiNbO<sub>3</sub> substrate. Measurement results show a Q-factor of 2800 as well as a modulation depth of 18.7 dB.
Botswana's economy and labour market: are there any lessons for SADC regional integration?

Regional integration is a necessity for sustainable development and the generation of dynamic growth amongst SADC countries. For real integration to be achieved, there is a need for deep integration, which allows countries to surrender part of their sovereignty to a supranational power that will be responsible for bringing in uniformity amongst member nations in terms of policies and action. Countries in the region, even those like Botswana that have done well economically, share problems of poverty, high unemployment and disparity in income distribution. Botswana, however, has some lessons to offer to the region, coming mainly from its prudent management of the economy, democracy and peace. As regional integration may lead to underinvestment in skills development if not properly coordinated, countries need to pursue employment creation more vigorously.
Contactless haptic feedback: state of the art

This paper discusses some of the recent advances in contactless haptic feedback. We mainly discuss two research methods to produce haptic feedback in 3D space: Air-jet and ultrasound. We discuss and compare technical basics of each technology, and then give a literature review of some of the research done that is closely related to this field. This paper also surveys the stages of the design and implementation of airborne ultrasonic tactile displays (AUTD) by researchers in the University of Tokyo, as well as an application of this research done in the University of Bristol. A comparison is presented showing the main advances in the Tokyo research and the technical tests and implementation differences. A discussion follows covering possible improvements and safety issues on the contactless haptic feedback research in general. We show comments and drawbacks of the current technology. For future work in the field of mid-air haptic feedback, we propose a design method to build a "Touchable Avatar", which is a holographic display with contactless haptic feedback properties. Finally, a conclusion is provided including an outlook of the future applications in the field of contactless haptic feedback.
Design of a waveguide antenna with bidirectional circular polarizations of the same sense

A square aperture bidirectional waveguide antenna with circular polarization of the same sense in the two opposite radiating directions is proposed in this paper. Two identical rectangular metal strips vertically separated by a quarter guided-wavelength and horizontally with a 90° cross are installed on one side of the waveguide with a 45° inclination angle. The two metal strips are fed in the middle of their diagonal line by microstrip line of the same width. The feeding line is meandered so that a three-quarter impedance transformer is formed to help with the antenna's matching. The two vertically positioned metal strips are excited with the same phase and radiate bi-directionally with the same amplitude. The 90° phase difference is realized by the spatial distance of a quarter guided-wavelength, and therefore circular polarizations of the same sense in the two opposite radiating directions can be generated. The impedance bandwidth for |S11| <; -10 dB is 540 MHz (2.20 GHz ~ 2.74 GHz) and the bidirectional 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 200 MHz (2.34 GHz ~ 2.54 GHz). A minimum axial ratio of 0.27 dB and 0.56 dB is achieved at 2.45 GHz in two opposite radiating directions and the bidirectional 3-dB axial ratio beamwidths at 2.45 GHz are both 56°, which is suitable for 2.4-GHz WLAN communications.
Técnicas de Análisis Sintáctico Robusto para la Etiquetación del Lenguaje Natural

We present a summary of the thesis put forward in December, 2000 by Jorge Grana Gil at the Computer Science Department of the University of La Coruna, and directed by doctors Manuel Vilares Ferro, from the same department, and Martin Rajman from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne.
Managerial Psychology: Managing Behavior in Organizations

The overall structure of this edition is the same as in the past. The book moves from the smaller to the larger. We start with the individual as the focal unit, move to two-person relationships, and onward to issues of leadership, power, small groups, and whole organizations.This edition focuses more than ever on the managing process on whole organizations and on managing relationships with other organizations. To underline that emphasis, we have included a new section called 'The Manager's Job. ' That section deals with what managers do, how they do it, why they do it, and how they should do it. "
Probing flexibility and “induced‐fit” phenomena in aldose reductase by comparative crystal structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulations

Aldose reductase is a promising target for the treatment of diabetic complications, and as such, has become the focus of various drug design projects. As revealed by a survey of available crystal structures, the protein shows pronounced induced‐fit effects upon ligand binding. Although helping to explain the enzyme's substrate promiscuity, phenomena of this kind are still responsible for significant complications in structure‐based design efforts directed to aldose reductase. Accordingly, a deeper understanding of the principles governing conformational alterations in this enzyme would be of utmost practical importance. As a first step in addressing this issue, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out. The ultrahigh resolution crystal structure of aldose reductase complexed with inhibitor IDD594 served as ideal starting point for a set of different simulations of nanosecond time scale: the native complexed state with bound inhibitor, the uncomplexed state (after removal of the inhibitor) at standard temperature, and the uncomplexed state at elevated temperature. The reference simulation of the complex exhibits extraordinary stability of the overall fold, whereas two distinct conformational substates are found for the binding‐site region. In contrast, already at standard temperature pronounced changes are observed in the binding region during the simulation of the uncomplexed state. Leu300, for example, closes the access to the pocket opened by IDD594. On the other hand, conformations around the catalytic site are highly conserved, with the His110–Tyr48–NADP+ orientation being stabilized by a water molecule. Detailed analysis of the trajectories allows to reveal a set of distinct conformational substates that may prove useful as alternative structural templates in virtual screening for new aldose reductase inhibitors. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reelecting Corrupt Incumbents in Exchange for Public Goods: Rouba mas faz in Brazil

This article addresses the paradox of unpopular corruption and popular corrupt politicians. It explores why corrupt politicians are reelected, paying particular attention to incumbent provision of public goods and voter information on incumbent misconduct. Using a new data set on mayoral elections (2000 and 2004) in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco, we specify econometric models to test the hypothesis that incumbents’ performance in delivering public goods might mitigate reputational losses. Our main empirical analysis suggests that (1) corruption decreases the probability of incumbent reelection, (2) public expenditure increases the probability of reelection, and (3) the negative marginal effect of corruption on reelection disappears as public expenditure increases.
Phase II trial of postoperative adjuvant intraperitoneal cisplatin and fluorouracil and systemic fluorouracil chemotherapy in patients with resected gastric cancer.

PURPOSE This study was performed to assess the short- and long-term toxicities and the impact on relapse pattern and survival of postoperative intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin and fluorouracil (FU) plus systemic intravenous (IV) FU as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer patients who are at high risk for recurrence after potentially curative resection (T2N1-2M0 or T3-4N(any)M0). PATIENTS AND METHODS Starting 14 to 28 days after potentially curative resection of primary gastric cancers, 35 patients were given IP cisplatin 25 mg/m2 and FU 750 mg daily for 4 days; FU 750 mg/m2 was concurrently given as a continuous 24-hour i.v. infusion. Five cycles of therapy delivered at 1-month intervals were used. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 24 months, 51% of patients remain alive and free of disease. Sixteen patients have recurred; 13 of 16 had an intraabdominal component, whereas three had extraabdominal failure only. Two major treatment-related toxicities were noted: neutropenia and a late toxicity of peritoneal fibrosis (sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis [SEP]). There was one postoperative death. Eleven patients underwent second laparotomy: five patients had SEP, two patients had bowel obstruction from adhesions unrelated to SEP, and four patients had recurrent cancer. Potential causes of SEP included an alkaline pH of infused FU and cisplatin that possibly led to activation of cisplatin before infusion. CONCLUSION IP cisplatin and FU and concurrent systemic FU is a tolerable adjuvant therapy in the postoperative setting for patients with resected gastric cancer. The recommended dosage schedule with this technique is cisplatin 25 mg/m2 and FU 750 mg total dose IP with FU 500 mg/m2 as a continuous 24-hour infusion daily for days 1 to 4. SEP as a late toxicity, which was observed in 15% of patients, is treatable by surgical lysis of adhesions.
Southern Comfort: A Study of Holiday Style Patterns of Northerners in Coastal Mallorca

This paper explores travel interest structures or tourism styles among Norwegian holiday-makers in coastal Mallorca. The main focus is on the diversity of such holiday tours that are often treated en masse . Principal component analysis is employed to identify the characteristics of types of holidays attached to particular motives. Five principal components or vacation interest structures were extracted: (1) experience of place; (2) nightlife, new acquaintances and freedom; (3) recreation away from everyday life; (4) romance and pleasures; and (5) health, sports, and social visits. The empirical findings are discussed in relation to previous research. By way of conclusion, the paper suggests some alternative perspectives of holiday tours to coastal Mallorca. Further, it offers a framework of holiday styles, relevant and meaningful to scholars and segments of the tourism industry.
Life Duration of New Firms

The authors follow firms created in Portuguese manufacturing in 1983 and study the determinants of their lifetime. One fifth of them died during the first year of their lives and only 50 percent survived for four years. Duration and limited-dependent variable models are employed to ascertain the relative importance of industry- and firm-specific variables to in explaining the period between firm birth and its disappearance from economic activity. New firm failure varies negatively with firm start-up size, the number of plants operated by the firm, and the industry growth rate, and positively with the extent of entry in the industry. Copyright 1994 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
A conditioning regimen of busulfan, fludarabine, and melphalan for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Abstract: A pilot study was undertaken using a myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, busulfan, and melphalan to improve the outcome of HSCT in 10 children, aged six months to six yr, with JMML. All patients were conditioned with oral busulfan (560 mg/m2), fludarabine (120 mg/m2), and melphalan (180–210 mg/m2) prior to HSCT, and received stem cells from bone marrow in seven cases, and from cord blood in three cases. Engraftment was documented in eight patients, whereas graft failure occurred in two, one of whom had received HLA‐mismatched cord blood and other had received bone marrow from HLA‐mismatched mother. Three patients, including two in who graft failure had occurred, relapsed. Five patients developed acute GVHD and two developed chronic GVHD. Seven patients are alive and in remission 27–69 months after transplantation. Thus, our study showed that HSCT following conditioning with fludarabine, busulfan, and melphalan was well tolerated and appeared to be effective for JMML.
Microfluidic Single-Cell Analysis of Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background— Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive candidates for therapeutic use, with the potential to replace deficient cells and to improve functional recovery in injury or disease settings. Here, we test the hypothesis that human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) can secrete cytokines as a molecular basis to attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Human iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts and differentiated in vitro with a small molecule–based protocol. Troponin+ iPSC-CMs were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and electrophysiological measurements. Afterward, 2×106 iPSC-CMs derived from a cell line transduced with a vector expressing firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein were transplanted into adult NOD/SCID mice with acute left anterior descending artery ligation. Control animals received PBS injection. Bioluminescence imaging showed limited engraftment on transplantation into ischemic myocardium. However, magnetic resonance imaging of animals transplanted with iPSC-CMs showed significant functional improvement and attenuated cardiac remodeling compared with PBS-treated control animals. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, microfluidic single-cell profiling of harvested iPSC-CMs, laser capture microdissection of host myocardium, and in vitro ischemia stimulation were used to demonstrate that the iPSC-CMs could release significant levels of proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors in the ischemic microenvironment. Conclusions— Transplantation of human iPSC-CMs into an acute mouse myocardial infarction model can improve left ventricular function and attenuate cardiac remodeling. Because of limited engraftment, most of the effects are possibly explained by paracrine activity of these cells.
Genetic and pharmacological evidence for schizophrenia‐related Disc1 interaction with GSK‐3

Recent studies have identified disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) as a strong genetic risk factor associated with schizophrenia. Previously, we have reported that a mutation in the second exon of the DISC1 gene [leucine to proline at amino acid position 100, L100P] leads to the development of schizophrenia‐related behaviors in mice. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with the N‐terminal region of DISC1 (aa 1–220) and has been implicated as an important downstream component in the etiology of schizophrenia. Here, for the first time, we show that pharmacological and genetic inactivation of GSK‐3 reverse prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition deficits as well as normalizing the hyperactivity of Disc1‐L100P mutants. In parallel to these observations, interaction between DISC1 and GSK‐3α and β is reduced in Disc1‐L100P mutants. Our data provide genetic, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for a molecular link between DISC1 and GSK‐3 in relation to psychopathology and highlights the value of missense mutations in dissecting the underlying and complex molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-Speed Pseudo-CMOS Circuits Using Bulk Accumulation a-IGZO TFTs

We propose a way to achieve high-speed circuits with dual-gate (DG) bulk-accumulation back-channeletched (BCE) amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the pseudo-CMOS structure. The DG BCE a-IGZO TFTs exhibit field-effect mobility (μFE), threshold voltage (Vth), and subthreshold swing of 30 ± 3 cm2/Vs, 2 ± 0.5 V, and 120 ± 30 mV/decade, respectively. For input voltage (VDD) of 20 V, seven-stage pseudo-CMOS ring oscillators implemented with the BCE bulk-accumulation a-IGZO TFTs show oscillation frequency of 6.51 MHz, which corresponds to a propagation delay time of 11 ns/stage and is faster than the 17 ns/stage delay of the fastest single-gate-driven ratioed coplanar a-IGZO TFT circuits.
Infomax principle based pooling of deep convolutional activations for image retrieval

Neural activations produced by deep convolutional networks have recently become state-of-the-art representation for image retrieval. To obtain a global image representation, sum-pooling has been frequently used to aggregate activations of convolutional feature maps. This work first presents an understanding on the effectiveness of sum-pooling via probabilistic interpretation, by proving that sum-pooling is an upper bound of the probability that a visual pattern is present in an image. To further answer the optimality of sum-pooling, a quantitative analysis based on the Infomax principle in neural networks is provided. It shows that sum-pooling aligns well with the leading eigenvector of principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the activations of a feature map. Moreover, considering the 2D matrix structure of feature maps, a two-directional 2DPCA-based pooling scheme is proposed to aggregate the convolutional activations. Experiments on multiple benchmark image retrieval datasets demonstrate the above analysis and the superiority of the proposed pooling scheme.