Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CODE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE MICROPROCESSOR BY USING VERILOG

Modern processors use two or more levels of cache memories to bridge the rising disparity between processor and memory speeds. Microprocessor designers have been torn between tight constraints on the amount of onchip cache memory and the high latency of off-chip memory, such as dynamic random access memory. Accessing off-chip memory generally takes an order of magnitude more time than accessing on-chip cache, and two orders of magnitude more time than executing an instruction. Compression can improve cache performance by increasing effective cache capacity and eliminating misses. Computer systems and micro architecture researchers have proposed using hardware data compression units within the memory hierarchies of microprocessors in order to improve performance, energy efficiency, and functionality. However, most past work, and all work on cache compression, has made unsubstantiated assumptions about the performance, power consumption, and area overheads of the proposed compression algorithms and hardware . In this project a lossless compression algorithm that has been designed for fast on-line data compression, and cache compression in particular is proposed. The algorithm has a number of novel features tailored for this application, including combining pairs of compressed lines into one cache line and allowing parallel compression of multiple words while using a single dictionary and without degradation in compression ratio. The algorithm is proposed to a register transfer level hardware design, permitting performance, power consumption, and area estimation. The cache compression is evaluated using full-system simulation and a range of benchmarks. It can be shown that compression can improve performance for memory-intensive commercial workloads.
FSM based specification of robot control system activities

The paper presents a robot control system design method based on hierarchical Finite State Machines (FSMs). The system is decomposed into subsystems. Each one of them is specified in terms of a hierarchical FSM. Previously the description of subsystem activities had been presented as a single, complex FSM, where with each of its states a behaviour was associated. Each behaviour was described by a flowchart. In this proposal behaviours are defined in terms of individual FSMs, resulting in a unified description using only the concept of an FSM. By using FSM specification tools that provide automatic code generation, the robot control system implementation is significantly accelerated. This approach has been verified through the design of a table-tennis ball collecting robot.
Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series Veiling Manor Road Building, Oxford Ox1 3uq Veiling I Gratefully Acknowledge Financial Support from the Commonwealth Bank Foundation and the General Sir John Monash Foundation

Veiling among Muslim women is modelled as a form of cultural resistance which inhibits the transmission of secular values. Individuals care about opinions of their community members and use veiling to influence these opinions. Our theory predicts that veiling is highest when individuals from highly religious communities interact in highly secular environments. This accounts for puzzling features of the new veiling movement since the 1970s. Though veiling helps retain religious values, we show that bans on veiling aimed at assimilation can be counterproductive. By inducing religious types to segregate in local communities, bans on veiling can lead to increased religiosity. One recent phenomenon incomprehensible to many observers of the Egyptian scene today is the visible presence of a new Egyptian woman: the young urban college student on her way to or from the university campus – carrying her books, wearing eye glasses, alone or in the chatting company of other college women, and completely " veiled " – face and body.
An Extended Dynamometer Setup to Improve the Accuracy of Knee Joint Moment Assessment

This paper analyzes an extended dynamometry setup that aims at obtaining accurate knee joint moments. The main problem of the standard setup is the misalignment of the joint and the dynamometer axes of rotation due to nonrigid fixation, and the determination of the joint axis of rotation by palpation. The proposed approach 1) combines 6-D registration of the contact forces with 3-D motion capturing (which is a contribution to the design of the setup); 2) includes a functional axis of rotation in the model to describe the knee joint (which is a contribution to the modeling); and 3) calculates joint moments by a model-based 3-D inverse dynamic analysis. Through a sensitivity analysis, the influence of the accuracy of all model parameters is evaluated. Dynamics resulting from the extended setup are quantified, and are compared to those provided by the dynamometer. Maximal differences between the 3-D joint moment resulting from the inverse dynamics and measured by the dynamometer were 16.4 N ·m (16.9%) isokinetically and 18.3 N ·m (21.6%) isometrically. The calculated moment is most sensitive to the orientation and location of the axis of rotation. In conclusion, more accurate experimental joint moments are obtained using a model-based 3-D inverse dynamic approach that includes a good estimate of the pose of the joint axis.
Improved Edge Boxes with Object Saliency and Location Awards

SUMMARY Recently, object-proposal methods have attracted more and more attention of scholars and researchers for its utility in avoiding exhaustive sliding window search in an image. Object-proposal method is inspired by a concept that objects share a common feature. There exist many object-proposal methods which are either in segmentation fashion or engineering categories depending on low-level feature. Among those object-proposal methods, Edge Boxes, which is based on the number of contours that a bounding box wholly contains, has the state of art performance. Since Edge Boxes sometimes misses proposing some obvious objects in some images, we propose an appropriate version of it based on our two observations. We call the appropriate version as Improved Edge Boxes. The ﬁrst of our observations is that objects have a property which can help us distinguish them from the background. It is called object saliency. An appropriate way we employ to calculate object saliency can help to retrieve some objects. The second of our observations is that objects ‘prefer’ to appear at the center part of images. For this reason, a bounding box that appears at the center part of the image is likely to contain an object. These two observations are going to help us retrieve more objects while promoting the recall performance. Finally, our results show that given just 5000 proposals we achieve over 89% object recall but 87% in Edge Boxes at the challenging overlap threshold of 0.7. Further, we compare our approach to some state-of-the-art approaches to show that our results are more accurate and faster than those approaches. In the end, some comparative pictures are shown to indicate intuitively that our approach can ﬁnd more objects and more accurate objects than Edge Boxes.
Applying Qualitative Methods in Organizations: A Note for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists.

Early approach to research in industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology was oriented towards quantitative techniques as a result of influences from the social sciences. As the focus of I/O psychology expands from psychological test development to other personnel functions, there has been an inclusion of qualitative methods in I/O psychology practice. The present paper therefore examines how qualitative methods like observation, interviews, ethnography, focus group discussion, nominal group technique, Delphi method, and projective techniques can be used by I/O psychologists in organizational studies. It is believed that knowledge gained on the applications of these qualitative methods would enhance understanding of workers’ behaviors in organizations and facilitate management decisions. Empirical studies are also presented, on how these qualitative methods have successfully been used in
E-Privacy: Evaluating a New Search Cost in Online Environments

Electronic Commerce environments increasingly witness a conflict on the subject of e-privacy: While marketers want to maximize their customer knowledge and grasp the identity of their online users, consumers often want to stay anonymous and not reveal private information. The conflict suggests that private consumer information should be respected as a new search cost for consumers in EC environments. The current paper aims to grasp the phenomenon of this new search cost entitled as private consumer information cost (PCIC). The paper aims to evaluate PCIC by identifying its main drivers and their interrelation. An empirical study is presented which shows that three factors, perceived importance, legitimacy and difficulty of online requests made by marketers in a purchase context explain much of the variance of PCIC. Empirical data also reveals how different types of information requests drive PCIC. The types of information distinguished are product information, information on product usage as well as personal information. Results hint at the fact that consumers accept personal information requests to a greater extend than one would expect, but only as long as they improve product- or service choice. It is concluded that marketers incur considerable opportunity cost of information if they do not respect the nuances evident in PCIC creation and do not rely on them for the strategic design of their online communication.
WHY ISN'T ARCHAEOLOGY (MORE) DARWINIAN? A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract At the time when archaeology emerged as a distinct academic discipline, references to Darwin's notions of descent with modification and natural selection were relatively common, especially amongst Scandinavian scholars. These references were, at times, remarkably explicit and became more regular following the publication of Darwin's key works in translation. Drawing on biographical and archival sources as well as on an analysis of the contemporaneous reception of these ideas this papers attempts to tease out some of the theoretical, methodological, and sociological factors that led, ultimately, to a more or less wholesale rejection of Darwinism in archaeology in the middle part of the 20th century. Whilst 19th-century scholars were trained in a range of disciplines and so able to work interdisciplinarily with ease, the increasing fragmentation of domains of enquiry and the parallel and rapid increase in the volume of scientific knowledge resulted in barriers to the integration of the social and e.
A stochastic model of elbow flexion strength for subjects with and without long head biceps tear

The classical approach of musculoskeletal modeling is to predict muscle forces and joint torques with a deterministic model constructed from parameters of an average subject. However, this type of model does not perform well for outliers, and does not model the effects of parameter variability. In this study, a Monte-Carlo model was used to stochastically simulate the effects of variability in musculoskeletal parameters on elbow flexion strength in healthy normals, and in subjects with long head biceps (LHB) rupture. The goal was to determine if variability in elbow flexion strength could be quantifiably explained with variability in musculoskeletal parameters. Parameter distributions were constructed from data in the literature. Parameters were sampled from these distributions and used to predict muscle forces and joint torques. The median and distribution of measured joint torque was predicted with small errors ( < 5%). Muscle forces for both cases were predicted and compared. In order to predict measured torques for the case of LHB rupture, the median force and mean cross-sectional area in the remaining elbow flexor muscles is greater than in healthy normals. The probabilities that muscle forces for the Tear case exceed median muscle forces for the No-Tear case are 0.98, 0.99 and 0.79 for SH Biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis, respectively. Differences in variability of measured torques for the two cases are explained by differences in parameter variability.
Convergence Analysis of Primal-Dual Algorithms for a Saddle-Point Problem: From Contraction Perspective

Recently, some primal-dual algorithms have been proposed for solving a saddle-point problem, with particular applications in the area of total variation image restoration. This paper focuses on the convergence analysis of these primal-dual algorithms and shows that their involved parameters (including step sizes) can be significantly enlarged if some simple correction steps are supplemented. Some new primal-dual-based methods are thus proposed for solving the saddle-point problem. We show that these new methods are of the contraction type: the iterative sequences generated by these new methods are contractive with respect to the solution set of the saddle-point problem. The global convergence of these new methods thus can be obtained within the analytic framework of contraction-type methods. The novel study on these primal-dual algorithms from the perspective of contraction methods substantially simplifies existing convergence analysis. Finally, we show the efficiency of the new methods numerically.
Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: role of diffusion-weighted imaging and early parenchymal enhancement.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging may help in predicting hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke. Our purpose was to determine whether the lesion volumes on diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and early parenchymal enhancement are predictive of HT and to investigate the mechanism of the enhancement. METHODS We retrospectively examined 55 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging within 6 hours of symptom onset and follow-up CT or MR imaging within 72 hours. Intravenous thrombolysis was performed in 15 patients. DW imaging lesion volumes and ADC values were compared between patients with and those without HT. ADCs and perfusion parameters were compared between lesions with and those without parenchymal enhancement. RESULTS Nineteen (34.5%) patients had HT (14 with hemorrhagic infarction, five with parenchymal hematoma). Patients with HT had decreased mean ADCs and large lesion volumes on DW imaging, but differences were not significant (P > .05). HT occurred in five patients (100%) with parenchymal enhancement, which corresponded to the site of HT. In enhancing lesions, the ADC ratio (0.76 +/- 0.06) was slightly higher and the delay in time to peak (0.10 +/- 2.79) was less than respective values in the rest of the ischemic lesion (0.66 +/- 0.06 and 8.79 +/- 4.86, respectively; P = .068). CONCLUSION Early parenchymal enhancement is highly specific for HT and may be associated with early reperfusion and damage to the blood-brain barrier in ischemic tissue. DW imaging lesion volumes and ADC values had no strong relationship with HT.
The Effect of Sevoflurane Inhalation on Gabaergic Neurons Activation: Observation on the GAD67‐GFP Knock‐In Mouse

The mechanisms underlying volatile anesthesia agents are not well elucidated. Emerging researches have focused on the participation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons but there still lacks morphological evidence. To elucidate the possible activation of GABAergic neurons by sevoflurane inhalation in morphology, Fos (as neuronal activity marker) and GABA neurons double labeling were observed on the brain of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67‐GFP knock‐in mice after sevoflurane inhalation. Twenty GAD67‐GFP knock‐in mice were divided into three groups: S1 group: incomplete anesthesia state induced by sevoflurane; S2 group: complete anesthesia state induced by sevoflurane; control(C) group. Sevoflurane induced a significant increase of Fos expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM), periaqueductal grey (PAG), hippocampus (CA1, DG), paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), lateral septal nucleus (LS), and cingulate cortex (Cg1 and Cg2) in S1 group compared to C group, and increase of Fos expression in S2 group compared to S1 group. In S2 group, Fos was only expressed in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA), Edinger–Westphal (E–W) nucleus, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) and the ventral part of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PaV). Double immunofluroscent staining indicated that in LS, almost all Fos werepresent in GABAergic neurons. In CA1, DG, DM, cg1, cg2, and PAG, Fos was expressed as well, but only few were present in GABAergic neurons. Fos expression was very high in thalamus, but no coexistence were found as noGABAergic neuron was detected in this area. Our results provided morphological evidence that GABAergic transmission in specific brain areas may participate in the sevoflurane‐induced anesthesia. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finding your Soulmate: Homosexual and heterosexual age preferences in online dating

Heterosexual age preferences have been extensively studied by evolutionary psychologists, social psychologists, and demographers. Much less is known about such preferences in homosexual men and women. Around two decades ago, D. T. Kenrick, R. C. Keefe, A. Bryan, A. Barr, and S. Brown (1995) examined heterosexual and homosexual mating preferences for age in men and women. Our study aimed to replicate these findings by examining age preferences in a larger UK online dating sample. Dating advertisements of 996 male and female heterosexuals and homosexuals were coded. Age preferences were assessed via generalized linear models with robust standard errors and bootstrapping. Results showed that the relation between own age and preferred age differed substantially between the groups. With increasing age, heterosexual men preferred younger partners. Older heterosexual men (> 50 years) exclusively sought (much) younger women than themselves, whereas younger heterosexual men sought both older and younger women. Male and female homosexuals followed this general trend of preferring increasingly younger mates with increasing age. However, they displayed a higher upper age tolerance and greater range of acceptable ages than both heterosexual men and women. Female heterosexuals' age preferences were distinct from the other groups, in that they displayed a male older norm with no substantial interest expressed in males younger than themselves. Our findings thus largely corroborate those of Kenrick et al. with some exceptions, such as a larger tolerance of age ranges in homosexual men and women compared to heterosexual men and women. Results are discussed with reference to the current literature on similarities and differences in heterosexual and homosexual mate preferences.
Designing robot eyes for gaze communication

Human eyes not only serve the function of enabling us “to see” something, but also perform the vital role of allowing us “to show” our gaze for non-verbal communication, such as through establishing eye contact and joint attention. The eyes of service robots should therefore also perform both of these functions. Moreover, they should be friendly in appearance so that humans may feel comfortable with the robots. Therefore we maintain that it is important to consider gaze communication capability and friendliness in designing the appearance of robot eyes. In this paper, we propose a new robot face with rear-projected eyes for changing their appearance while simultaneously realizing the sight function by incorporating stereo cameras. Additionally, we examine which shape of robot eyes is most suitable for gaze reading and gives the friendliest impression, through experiments where we altered the shape and iris size of robot eyes.
Towards instance coreference resolution in a multi-ontology environment

With the growing amount of semantic data published on the Web the problem of coreference resolution gains in importance. The linked data initiative provided guidelines for publishing RDF datasets and new datasets are constantly being made available. Such datasets often contain descriptions of the same real-world entities but use different URIs to refer to them. In order to utilize published data on a web scale it is essential to detect such situations and resolve coreferences. In the Semantic Web community initially research effort was primarily concentrated on schema-level ontology alignment and many tools have been developed [1]. With the growing amount of published data instance-level integration issues also started to receive attention recently [2], [4]. These systems abstract from schema-level issues and focus on finding coreferent instances assuming their type and structure to be the same. In our view there is still a gap concerning the study of the complete data integration workflow. On the one hand, schema alignment algorithms do not support the level of granularity necessary for data processing (e.g., applying different settings for individuals of different class). On the other hand, data-level integration tools assume schema-level issues to be resolved and do not consider implications of automated schema alignment. Our system KnoFuss was initially developed to perform integration of automatically extracted annotations structured according to a single common ontology. We extended it to operate in a multi-ontology environment and to utilise schema alignments produced by automatic ontology matching tools. Here we describe the resulting system workflow and first findings obtained during initial tests.
Rapid assessment of chest pain

Angina is the cinderella to acute coronary syndromes, with uncertainty about how well and consistently patients are investigated and treated by the NHS. The new national service framework standard in England for patients with angina is investigation and treatment to relieve pain and reduce coronary risk,1 and the rapid access chest pain clinic is the preferred way of delivering such care. 2 3 The goal was to have 50 such clinics by April 2001, but there are already 100, with nationwide rollout gathering pace. What is the rationale for such clinics and do they work? Patients presenting for the first time to their general practitioner with suspected angina can now be assessed by a specialist through a rapid access chest pain clinic. Patients with suspected acute coronary disease should still be sent direct to the casualty department; if they are then diagnosed as having exertional angina they too can be referred to the rapid access clinic, rather than a traditional outpatient clinic or back to general practice. There is observational evidence that these rapid access clinics reduce admissions.4 Thus they will close the loop between community and hospital for cardiac chest pain, whatever …
First-Year College Students’ Strengths Awareness and Perceived Leadership Development

The purpose of this study was to examine whether first-year college students’ strengths awareness is associated with their perceived leadership development. The institution in this study offered all first-year students the Clifton StrengthsFinder assessment and strengths-related programming. The results of hierarchical regression analysis of two concurrent surveys (n = 779) suggested strengths awareness explained a significant amount of variance in students’ perceived leadership development above and beyond the variance explained by other variables.