Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simplified High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Assay for Measurement of Tacrolimus and Its Metabolites and Cross‐Validation with Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay

Summary In this study, a modified, specific assay for measurement of tacrolimus and its metabolites in blood and urine from transplant patients using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) linked to mass spectrometry (MS) is described. Samples were prepared for HPLC-MS by modified solid-liquid extraction. The original two-step washing procedure was replaced by a single washing step, and samples were eluted with acetonitrile/water instead of dichloromethane, thus avoiding an evaporation step. Samples were injected automatically every 3 min into the HPLC-MS system. Time-consuming gradient elution was replaced by isocratic elution. This procedure resulted in a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 μg/L. The interassay variability was 14.5% for 5 μg/L and 15.8% for 25 μg/L. The intraassay variability was 11.2% for 5 μg/L and 4% for 25 μg/L. The recovery for tacrolimus in blood was 90.4% for 1 μg/L, 78.9% for 10 μg/L, and 81.3% for 25 μg/L. Measurement of tacrolimus and its metabolites in samples from various transplant patients showed that the main metabolites found in blood and urine are demethyl-tacrolimus, di-demethyl-tacrolimus and demethyl-hydroxy-tacrolimus. Cross validation of the modified HPLC-MS assay with a microparticle enzyme immunoassay showed a significant correlation between the two assays, with r = 0.915.
Generating a Linguistic Model for Requirement Quality Analysis

In this work, we aim at identifying potential problems of ambiguity, completeness, conformity, singularity and readability in sys-tem and software requirements speciﬁcations. Those problems arise particularly when they are written in Natural Language. We describe them from linguistic point of view but the business impacts of each potential error will be considered in system engineering context where our corpus come from. Several standards give the criteria on writing good requirements to guide requirement authors. These properties are linguistically observable because they appear as lexical, syntactic, semantic and discursive problems in documents. We investigate error patterns heavily used, by analyzing manually the corpus. This analysis is based on the requirements grammar that we developed in this work. We then propose an approach to identify them automatically by applying the rules developed from the error patterns to the POS tagged and parsed corpus. By using error annotated corpus, we can train the error model using CRFs and evaluate it. We obtain overall 79.17% F 1 score for the error label annotation task.
Isolation and characterization of human nuclear and cytosolic multisynthetase complexes and the intracellular distribution of p43/EMAPII

In this study, the human multienzyme aminoacyl–tRNA synthetase “core” complex has been isolated from the nuclear and cytosolic compartments of human cells and purified to near homogeneity. It is clear from the polypeptide compositions, stoichiometries, and three‐dimensional structures that the cytosolic and nuclear particles are very similar to each other and to the particle obtained from rabbit reticulocytes. The most significant difference observed via aminoacylation activity assays and densitometric analysis of electrophoretic band patterns is a lower amount of glutaminyl–tRNA synthetase in the human particles. However, this is not enough to cause major changes in the three‐dimensional structures calculated from samples negatively stained with either uranyl acetate or methylamine vanadate. Indeed, the latter samples produce volumes that are highly similar to an initial structure previously calculated from a frozen hydrated sample of the rabbit multisynthetase complex. New structures in this study reveal that the three major structural domains have discrete subsections. This information is an important step toward determination of specific protein interactions and arrangements within the multisynthetase core complex and understanding of the particle's cellular function(s). Finally, gel filtration and immunoblot analysis demonstrate that a major biological role for the cytokine precursor p43 is as an integral part of the multisynthetase complex.
Meditation as an Adjunct to the Management of Multiple Sclerosis

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease course is known to be adversely affected by several factors including stress. A proposed mechanism for decreasing stress and therefore decreasing MS morbidity and improving quality of life is meditation. This review aims to critically analyse the current literature regarding meditation and MS. Methods. Four major databases were used to search for English language papers published before March 2014 with the terms MS, multiple sclerosis, meditation, and mindfulness. Results. 12 pieces of primary literature fitting the selection criteria were selected: two were randomised controlled studies, four were cohort studies, and six were surveys. The current literature varies in quality; however common positive effects of meditation include improved quality of life (QOL) and improved coping skills. Conclusion. All studies suggest possible benefit to the use of meditation as an adjunct to the management of multiple sclerosis. Additional rigorous clinical trials are required to validate the existing findings and determine if meditation has an impact on disease course over time.
Analysis of the Present Applications of Information Visualization in E-Commerce Websites

Today, e-commerce has achieved great developments. Consumers need visual interfaces to recognize patterns and to iteratively and dynamically compare attributes to get a match on what they need. This paper firstly discusses the relationship between information visualization and e-commerce Websites, secondly puts forward a number of key points used in the visual design of e-commerce Websites, thirdly points out that information visualization is one of important methods to make information understandable and then based on concrete instances, it probes into how to apply information visualization to commercial information on three layers such as information objects, information organization, Website structure and navigation. At last, this paper conceives the virtual supermarket in 3D virtual spaces.
Detecting anomalous network traffic in organizational private networks

During the last decade, network monitoring and intrusion detection have become essential techniques of cyber security. Nowadays, many institutions are using advanced solutions for detecting malicious network traffic, discovering network anomalies, and preventing cyber attacks. However, most research in this area has not been conducted specifically for organizational private networks, and their special properties have not been considered. In this paper, we first present a study of traffic patterns in a corporate private network, and then propose two novel algorithms for detecting anomalous network traffic and node behavior in such networks.
Plant Coilin: Structural Characteristics and RNA-Binding Properties

Cajal bodies (CBs) are dynamic subnuclear compartments involved in the biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins. Coilin is a major structural scaffolding protein necessary for CB formation, composition and activity. The predicted secondary structure of Arabidopsis thaliana coilin (Atcoilin) suggests that the protein is composed of three main domains. Analysis of the physical properties of deletion mutants indicates that Atcoilin might consist of an N-terminal globular domain, a central highly disordered domain and a C-terminal domain containing a presumable Tudor-like structure adjacent to a disordered C terminus. Despite the low homology in amino acid sequences, a similar type of domain organization is likely shared by human and animal coilin proteins and coilin-like proteins of various plant species. Atcoilin is able to bind RNA effectively and in a non-specific manner. This activity is provided by three RNA-binding sites: two sets of basic amino acids in the N-terminal domain and one set in the central domain. Interaction with RNA induces the multimerization of the Atcoilin molecule, a consequence of the structural alterations in the N-terminal domain. The interaction with RNA and subsequent multimerization may facilitate coilin’s function as a scaffolding protein. A model of the N-terminal domain is also proposed.
Conformance Testing for Non-deterministic Timed Pushdown Automata with Deadlines

This paper is about conformance testing of non-deterministic timed pushdown automata (TPAIO), with urgency modelled as deadlines put on the transitions. The deadlines impose time progress conditions (TPC) on the locations of the TPAIO. In addition to detecting non conform or out of the time limits outputs of an implementation, our tests also detect TPC violations. Our method proceeds by a one-clock determinization of the TPAIO, followed by the computation of a reach ability automaton aiming at covering the reachable transitions and locations of the TPAIO, w.r. t. The stack constraints. Each RA transition records an execution path of the TPAIO. To get the tests, we add to these execution paths the fail verdicts issued from the determinization. Their ability to detect non conform implementation is assessed by mutation: altered implementations are automatically generated from a specification by application of some mutation operators that we define.
Categorization in social psychology

PART ONE: COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CATEGORIZATION Some Starting Assumptions Perceivers' Perspectives and Social Consensus Categorization and Cognition I Introducing Category Function and Structure Categorizationand Cognition II Category Learning, Formation and Use The Categorization Process in Social Psychology I Biased Stimulus Processing and Knowledge Activation Categorization as Meaning Creation I Self-Categorization Theory and Some Other Developments Categorization as Meaning Creation II Other Sense-Making Approaches Contrasting Perspectives on Motivated Relative Perception PART TWO: SOME EXPLORATIONS IN SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION Group Variability and Consistency The Constraints of the Social Context on Categorization Categorization, Covariation and Causal Explanation Conclusion Categorization as Explanation
A Quality Control Model with Learning Effects

Abstract We present a model that extends a variant of the classic quality control/machine maintenance model by adding the concept of quality-based learning. The extension captures the idea that operators of a production process may be able to discover and eliminate defects in the system if, during an inspection, they find the process to be “out of control”. Thus, the distinguishing feature of the model is that one inspects the process not only for the purpose of riring the machine, but also in the hope that the machine will be caught in the act of producing defective output, so that a source of problems is uncovered and eliminated. The paper provides a characterization of optimal inspection policies and suggest the managerial implications: Ignoring the learning benefits of inspection and quality control activities may lead to underinvestment in quality improvement activities, which, in turn, may hinder both cost and quality competitiveness.
Recent Advances in Cochlear Blood Flow Measurements

Changes in blood flow to the inner ear have been thought to influence or underlie a number of cochlear diseases, including some forms of noise-induced hearing loss, sudden hearing loss, and Meniere's disease. Recently, important advances have been made in two technologies for the study of cochlear blood flow. The first is in the area of vital microscopic studies of cochlear microcirculation, and the second is based on the introduction of laser technology in the form of laser Doppler flowmetry. In this report, measurements are given of changes in cochlear circulation caused by carbon dioxide breathing, intravenous phenylephrine injection, systemic hemodilution, positive end expiratory pressure, and direct electrical stimulation of the cochlea. From these changes, we observe that cochlear blood circulation responds to systemic blood pressure alterations and is subject to local flow control mechanisms. Linearity and speed of response of the laser Doppler instrumentation also are shown. These advances show promise for contributing to our knowledge of control mechanisms of inner ear blood flow and for revealing the influence of various pharmacologic agents of potential clinical value.
Mining Negative Sequential Patterns for E-commerce Recommendations

Sequential patterns in customer transactional databases are commonly mined for E-Commerce recommendations. In many practical applications, the absence of certain item-sets and sequences could have important implications. Mining frequent sequences comprising not only the occurrence but also the absence of certain sequences will increase the accuracy of product recommendations. A sequential pattern containing at least one absent item set is called a negative sequential pattern. In this paper, we formulate the problem of negative sequential pattern mining by introducing practical constraints and propose an algorithm called PNSP for the mining. The discovered patterns can then be more interesting and effective to use. The experimental results show that PNSP may discover negative sequential patterns for practical E-commerce applications.
A density peak clustering approach to unsupervised acoustic subword units discovery

This paper studies unsupervised acoustic units discovery from unlabelled speech data. This task is usually approached by two steps, i.e., partitioning speech utterances into segments and clustering these segments into subword categories. In previous approaches, the clustering step usually assumes the number of subword units are known beforehand, which is unreasonable for zero-resource languages. Moreover, the previously-used clustering methods are not able to detect non-spherical clusters that are often present in real-world speech data. We address the two problems by a brand new clustering method, called density peak clustering (DPC), which is motivated by the observation that cluster centers are characterized by a higher density than their neighbors and by a relatively large distance from other points of a higher density in the space. Experiments on unsupervised acoustic units discovery demonstrate that our DPC approach can easily discover the number of subword units and it outperforms the recently proposed normalized cuts (NC) clustering approaches [1].
Navigating Rough Waters: A Synthesis of the Countervailing Pressures against Leading for Social Justice

This article presents a synthesis of countervailing pressures against leading for social justice as described in the literature. This synthesis focuses on the present-day countervailing pressures that school leaders face as detailed in the literature on leading for social justice. These countervailing pressures include a deficit-thinking status quo, a marginalization of areas of difference, a preference for technical leadership, particular national and local policy, a burden of seeking social justice, and a lack of equity focus in administrator preparation. This article concludes with implications for overcoming these pressures.
Itih‐4, a serine protease inhibitor regulated in interleukin‐6–dependent liver formation: role in liver development and regeneration

Inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor‐4 (Itih‐4) is a liver‐restricted member of the serine protease inhibitor family with diverse functions as an anti‐apoptotic and matrix stabilizing molecule that are important throughout development. We investigate the functional role of Itih‐4 in liver formation, regeneration (LR) and examine its role in calcium and hyaluronic acid binding. Itih‐4 expression is prominent in early liver development at E9 and later at E16, being restricted to hepatoblasts, immature hepatocytes, and differentiated hepatocytes. We note a marked and differential increase in Itih‐4 labeling in proliferating hepatocytes, compared with bile duct cells in liver explant cultures treated with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). After partial hepatectomy, maximal Itih‐4 expression occurs in a bimodal manner at 30 min and at 12 hr, with a predominant centrizonal distribution. There is no detectable binding of glutathione transferase–fusion Itih‐4 protein to calcium and hyaluronic acid, indicating a possible requirement for posttranslational modifications for these functions. These results suggest that in LR, Itih‐4 expression corresponds to that of immediate early genes and may contribute to the entry of normally quiescent hepatocytes into the early stages of the cell cycle. The markedly high expression of Itih‐4 in early liver development and in explants treated with IL‐6 suggests a prominent role for Itih‐4 at key points in liver formation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A response to Metz's reply on the end of ubuntu

Thaddeus Metz argues against our position that ubuntu has reached its end. He rejects our recommendation that ubuntu both as a way of life and as an ethical theory must be jettisoned as it is no longer applicable to modern conditions. He thinks that both our recommendations are wrong. Hence he seeks to show that ubuntu is defensible both as an ethical theory and as a way of life. Further, he thinks there is a role to be played by ubuntu in how life could be lived in modern day (South) Africa. He also seeks to offer a defence of the relevance of ubuntu theorists. For these reasons he couches his responding title with the phrase ‘Just the beginning of ubuntu [ … ]’. In this paper I continue the debate by seeking to show that Metz's response poses no threat to our original position. I then endeavour to show that my assessment of his position puts him in an unenviable position of defending the indefensible. I further suggest that Metz's current defence of ubuntu is not philosophical but dogmatic.
Real-time driver fatigue detection based on simplified landmarks of AAM

Using Active Appearance Model to detect driver fatigue has been proposed in past research. This paper proposes a rapid method of driver fatigue detection by applying Active Appearance Model with simplified landmarks only around eyes, and also proposes to convert the eye contour aspect ratio into PERCLOS to judge the degree of the driver fatigue. Compared to the original method, this method reduces redundant facial texture information, and accelerates the speed of eye state detection while improving detection accuracy rate of driver fatigue. The experiments results show that this method is fast and effective that can be used in real-time detection.
Reduction of alcohol drinking in young adults by naltrexone: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVE Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, may facilitate reduction in drinking among young adults. We compared the efficacy and safety of naltrexone administered daily plus targeted dosing with placebo to reduce drinking in young adults who engage in heavy drinking. METHOD A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in an outpatient research center in March 2008-January 2012. Participants were aged 18-25 years and reported ≥ 4 heavy drinking days in the prior 4 weeks. Interventions included naltrexone 25 mg daily plus 25 mg targeted (at most daily) in anticipation of drinking (n = 61) or daily/targeted placebo (n = 67). All participants received a personalized feedback session and brief counseling every other week. Primary outcomes were percent heavy drinking days and percent days abstinent over the 8-week treatment period. Secondary outcomes included number of drinks per drinking day and percentage of days with estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels ≥ 0.08 g/dL. RESULTS Of 140 randomized patients, 128 began treatment, comprising the evaluable sample. During treatment, percent heavy drinking days (naltrexone: mean = 21.60, SD = 16.05; placebo: mean = 22.90, SD = 13.20) (P = .58) and percent days abstinent (naltrexone: mean = 56.60, SD = 22.52; placebo: mean = 62.50, SD = 15.75) (P = .39) did not differ by group. Naltrexone significantly reduced the number of drinks per drinking day (naltrexone: mean = 4.90, SD = 2.28; placebo: mean = 5.90, SD = 2.51) (P = .009) and percentage of drinking days with estimated BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL (naltrexone: mean = 35.4, SD = 28.40; placebo: mean = 45.7, SD = 26.80) (P = .042). There were no serious adverse events. Sleepiness was more common with naltrexone. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone did not reduce frequency of drinking or heavy drinking days, but reduced secondary measures of drinking intensity. While effects were modest, the risk-benefit ratio favors offering naltrexone to help young adult heavy drinkers reduce the amount of alcohol they drink. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00568958.
When Competition is the Loser: The Indirect Effect of Intra-team Competition on Team Performance through Task Complexity, Team Conflict and Psychological Safety

With the rise of gamification, competition-inducing game techniques like leader boards have become more commonplace within work teams. This paper investigates how intra-team competition relates to task complexity, psychological safety and level of team conflict. Furthermore, we looked whether mediation effects of task complexity, team conflict and psychological safety had an effect on the relationship between intra-team competition and team performance. To this end, a survey was conducted among 61 different professional work teams in the Netherlands to measure the perceived level of intra-team competition, task complexity, psychological safety, team conflict and team performance. We found that intra-team competition is negatively related to psychological safety and positively related to task complexity and team conflict. Both psychological safety and task complexity showed a positive relationship with team performance. Task complexity was found to positively mediate the relationship between intra-team competition and team performance.
Core Pluripotency Factors Directly Regulate Metabolism in Embryonic Stem Cell to Maintain Pluripotency

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have distinct metabolic properties that support their metabolic and energetic needs and affect their stemness. In particular, high glycolysis is critical for the generation and maintenance of PSCs. However, it is unknown how PSCs maintain and acquire this metabolic signature. In this study, we found that core pluripotency factors regulate glycolysis directly by controlling the expression of glycolytic enzymes. Specifically, Oct4 directly governs Hk2 and Pkm2, which are important glycolytic enzymes that determine the rate of glycolytic flux. The overexpression of Hk2 and Pkm2 sustains high levels of glycolysis during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Moreover, the maintenance of high glycolysis levels by Hk2 and Pkm2 overexpression hampers differentiation and preserves the pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor. Overall, our study identifies a direct molecular connection between core pluripotency factors and ESC metabolic signatures and demonstrates the significance of metabolism in cell fate determination. Stem Cells 2015;33:2699–2711