Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LabVIEW Based Study for PV Module Characteristics and Their Maximum Power Point Tracking

In this paper, we examined the solar module characteristics at standard test condition and different temperature and irradiance using LabVIEW software. For full utilization of photovoltaic(PV) system, it can be controlled by maximum power point tracking(MPPT) algorithm. The LabVIEW programming can easily implement perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm with various step sizes and their output characteristics. The results proved that the step size influence on the performance of the MPPT system. The bigger the step size, the less the tracking time but the more oscillation occurs in the steady state. Therefore, improved control system is required to solve that problem. The scheme that we devised can adjust the step size automatically to improve the MPPT speed and reduce the oscillation under steady state as well.
Structural and Behavioral Models of the Steam-Boiler Control System

This paper presents a system speci cation of the steam boiler control system described in [1]: To manage complexity and to foster separation of concerns the design model is divided into three views: The architectural view speci ed with object and class diagrams, the reactive view speci ed with statecharts, and the functional view speci ed with Z. A systematic relationship between the reactive and the functional view entails proof obligations to guarantee semantic compatibility.
Differences of Translation Termination Sites Among the Three Stop Codons

Most organisms use different mechanisms of translation termination for the three types of stop codons, i.e. UAA, UAG, and UGA [1]. Using the GenBank database, we have conducted comprehensive computer analyses of translation termination sites in order to find the difference of consensus sequence patterns around each type of stop codons. We also systematically analyzed the preference of stop codons (O/E ratio: frequency of UAA, UAG, or UGA used as stop codons divided by frequency of the same triplet over the entire genome). It is known that Release Factor 1 (RF1) is required for translation termination for the stop codon UAG, and Release Factor 2 (RF2) for the stop codon UGA. The stop codon UAA requires either RF1 or RF2, but not necessarily both. For the five species of which genes for RF1 and RF2 are annotated in the GenBank database, we computed Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) values [2] for these genes.
Link Regime and Power Savings of Decode-Forward Relaying in Fading Channels

In this paper, we re-examine the relay channel under the decode-forward (DF) strategy. Contrary to the established belief that block Markov coding is always the rate-optimal DF strategy, under certain channel conditions (a link regime), independent signaling between the source and relay achieves the same transmission rate without requiring coherent channel phase information. Furthermore, this independent signaling regime allows the relay to conserve power. As such, we design a composite DF relaying strategy that achieves the same rate as block Markov DF but with less required relay power. The finding is attractive from the link adaptation perspective to adapt relay coding and relay power according to the link state. We examine this link adaptation in fading under both perfect channel state information (CSI) and practical CSI in which nodes have perfect receive and long-term transmit CSI, and derive the corresponding relay power savings in both cases. We also derive the outage probability of the composite relaying scheme, which adapts the signaling to the link regime. Through simulation, we expose a tradeoff for relay placement showing that the relay conserves the most power when closer to the destination but achieves the most rate gain when closer to the source.
The Synergistic Roles of Cholecystokinin B and Dopamine D5 Receptors on the Regulation of Renal Sodium Excretion

Renal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and the gastrin receptor (CCKBR) are involved in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. The D1R has been found to interact synergistically with CCKBR in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells to promote natriuresis and diuresis. D5R, which has a higher affinity for dopamine than D1R, has some constitutive activity. Hence, we sought to investigate the interaction between D5R and CCKBR in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. In present study, we found D5R and CCKBR increase each other’s expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the HK-2 cell, the specificity of which was verified in HEK293 cells heterologously expressing both human D5R and CCKBR and in RPT cells from a male normotensive human. The specificity of D5R in the D5R and CCKBR interaction was verified further using a selective D5R antagonist, LE-PM436. Also, D5R and CCKBR colocalize and co-immunoprecipitate in BALB/c mouse RPTs and human RPT cells. CCKBR protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fractions of renal cortex (PMFs) is greater in D5R-/- mice than D5R+/+ littermates and D5R protein expression in PMFs is also greater in CCKBR-/- mice than CCKBR+/+ littermates. High salt diet, relative to normal salt diet, increased the expression of CCKBR and D5R proteins in PMFs. Disruption of CCKBR in mice caused hypertension and decreased sodium excretion. The natriuresis in salt-loaded BALB/c mice was decreased by YF476, a CCKBR antagonist and Sch23390, a D1R/D5R antagonist. Furthermore, the natriuresis caused by gastrin was blocked by Sch23390 while the natriuresis caused by fenoldopam, a D1R/D5R agonist, was blocked by YF476. Taken together, our findings indicate that CCKBR and D5R synergistically interact in the kidney, which may contribute to the maintenance of normal sodium balance following an increase in sodium intake.
Thin filaments are not of uniform length in rat skeletal muscle

The variation in thin filament length was investigated in slow and fast muscle from adult and neonatal rats. Soleus (slow) muscle from adult, 3- , 7-, and 9-d-old rats, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast) muscle from adult rats were serially cross-sectioned. The number of thin filaments per 0.06 microns2 (TF#) was counted for individual myofibrils followed from the H zone of one sarcomere, through the I-Z-I region, to the H zone of an adjacent sarcomere TF# was pooled by distance from the Z band or AI junction. In both adult muscles, thin filament length varied from 0.18 to 1.20 microns, with approximately 25% of the thin filaments less than 0.7 microns in length. In 7- and 9- d soleus, thin filament length ranged from 0.18 to 1.08 microns; except for the longest (0.18 to 1.20 microns) filaments, the distribution of thin filament lengths was similar to that in adult muscle. In 3-d soleus, thin filament length was more uniform, with less than 5% of the filaments shorter than 0.7 microns. In all neonatal muscles, there were approximately 15% fewer thin filaments per unit area as compared to adult muscles. We conclude: (a) In rat skeletal muscle, thin filaments are not of uniform length, ranging in length from 0.18 to 1.20 microns. (b) There may be two stages of thin filament assembly in neonatal muscle: between 3 and 7 d when short thin filaments may be preferentially or synthesized or inserted near the Z-band, and between 9 d and adult when thin filaments of all lengths may be synthesized or inserted into the myofibril.
Verifying Very Large Industrial Circuits Using 100 Processes and Beyond

Recent advances in scheduling and networking have cleared the way for efficient exploitation of large-scale distributed computing platforms, such as computational grids and huge clusters. Such infrastructures hold great promise for the highly resource-demanding task of verifying and checking large models, given that model checkers would be designed with a high degree of scalability and flexibility in mind. In this paper we focus on the mechanisms required to execute a high-performance, distributed, symbolic model checker on top of a large-scale distributed environment. We develop a hybrid algorithm for slicing the state space and dynamically distribute the work among the worker processes. We show that the new approach is faster, more effective, and thus much more scalable than previous slicing algorithms. We then present a checkpoint-restart module that has very low overhead. This module can be used to combat failures which become probable with the size of the computing platform. However, checkpoint-restart is even more handy for the scheduling system: it can be used to avoid reserving large numbers of workers, thus making the distributed computation work-efficient. Finally, we discuss for the first time the effect of reorder on the distributed model checker and show how the distributed system performs more efficient reordering than the sequential one. We implemented our contributions on a network of 200 processors, using a distributed scalable scheme that employs a high-performance industrial model checker from Intel. Our results show that the system was able to verify real-life models much larger than was previously possible.
Design of generalized Chebyshev lowpass filter with Defected Stripline Structure (DSS)

This paper presents the design of generalized Chebyshev lowpass filter (LPF) and integrated with Defected Stripline Structure (DSS) using Suspended Stripline Structure (SSS). The study involves circuit analysis to determine generalized Chebyshev responses with a transmission zero at finite frequency in order to produce a reduced number of elements values of prototype circuit. The LPF provides a cut-off frequency at 6 GHz with a return loss better than -19 dB, while the DSS exhibits a notch at frequency of 3.2 GHz with a stopband response better than -40 dB. Thus, the integrated LPF and DSS will produce lowpass and band reject response simultaneously. The design is implemented on a Roger Duroid RO4350 with a thickness of 0.168 mm and dielectric constant, εr of 3.48. The simulation performance results show promising results that could be proved in the experiment works. This new class of integrated LPF and DSS would be useful in any RF/ microwave communication systems particularly in wideband applications where the reduction of overall physical volume, weight and cost is critical to maintaining its good performance.
Test-Taking Motivation in Promotional Employment Re-Examinations

Managing applicant reactions to entry-level selection processes has been the subject of considerable research, but studies are needed to uncover the process by which test-taking motivation (TTM) affects performance in promotional contexts. We address this gap by proposing and evaluating a process model of promotional exam performance in high-stakes decision-making situations. Our model invokes theory and research on the role of past exam performance, self-set exam goals, and TTM. Empirical findings from a Canadian sample of police officers provides a test of our process model and indicates that past performance on promotional exams influences TTM indirectly through goal difficulty, which in turn influences current exam performance. Implications for managing reactions in promotion contexts are discussed. La gestion des réactions de candidats lors de processus de sélection au niveau d’entrée a fait l’objet de recherches considérables mais d’autres études s’avèrent nécessaires pour comprendre le processus selon lequel la motivation à se soumettre à un test (TTM) a une incidence sur le rendement dans un contexte de promotion. Nous tentons de combler cette lacune en proposant et en évaluant un modèle de processus de rendement à un test à des fins promotionnelles dans des situations de prise de décision où les enjeux sont élevés. Notre modèle fait appel à la théorie et à la recherche sur le rôle du rendement lors de tests antécédents, d’objectifs fixés par rapport aux tests et de la TTM. Les résultats empiriques d’un échantillon d’agents de police canadiens fournissent une mise à l’essai de notre modèle de processus et indiquent que les rendements de tests promotionnels antérieurs influencent la TTM de manière indirecte à travers le degré de difficulté des objectifs, qui à son tour influe sur le rendement du test actuel. Les répercussions sur la gestion des réactions dans des contextes de promotion sont aussi discutés.
The 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0): seismology and geodesy

SUMMARY We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
SEJITS: Getting Productivity and Performance With Selective Embedded JIT Specialization

Today’s “high productivity” programming languages such as Python lack the performance of harder-toprogram “efficiency” languages (CUDA, Cilk, C with OpenMP) that can exploit extensive programmer knowledge of parallel hardware architectures. We combine efficiency-language performance with productivitylanguage programmability using selective embedded just-in-time specialization (SEJITS). At runtime, we specialize (generate, compile, and execute efficiencylanguage source code for) an application-specific and platform-specific subset of a productivity language, largely invisibly to the application programmer. Because the specialization machinery is implemented in the productivity language itself, it is easy for efficiency programmers to incrementally add specializers for new domain abstractions, new hardware, or both. SEJITS has the potential to bridge productivity-layer research and efficiency-layer research, allowing domain experts to exploit different parallel hardware architectures with a fraction of the programmer time and effort usually required.
Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego‐dissolution under psilocybin

Ego‐disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's “self,” “ego,” or “I” is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, “ego‐disintegration” or “dissolution” is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilocybin (a compound found in “magic mushrooms”). Fifteen healthy subjects took part in this placebo‐controlled study. Twelve‐minute functional MRI scans were acquired on two occasions: subjects received an intravenous infusion of saline on one occasion (placebo) and 2 mg psilocybin on the other. Twenty‐two visual analogue scale ratings were completed soon after scanning and the first principal component of these, dominated by items referring to “ego‐dissolution”, was used as a primary measure of interest in subsequent analyses. Employing methods of connectivity analysis and graph theory, an association was found between psilocybin‐induced ego‐dissolution and decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and high‐level cortical regions. Ego‐dissolution was also associated with a “disintegration” of the salience network and reduced interhemispheric communication. Addressing baseline brain dynamics as a predictor of drug‐response, individuals with lower diversity of executive network nodes were more likely to experience ego‐dissolution under psilocybin. These results implicate MTL‐cortical decoupling, decreased salience network integrity, and reduced inter‐hemispheric communication in psilocybin‐induced ego disturbance and suggest that the maintenance of “self”or “ego,” as a perceptual phenomenon, may rest on the normal functioning of these systems. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3137–3153, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation with Variable Coefficients: Conservation Laws

This paper aims to construct conservation laws for a Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation with variable coefficients, which is a third-order partial differential equation. This equation does not have a Lagrangian and so we transform it to a fourth-order partial differential equation, which has a Lagrangian. The Noether approach is then employed to construct the conservation laws. It so happens that the derived conserved quantities fail to satisfy the divergence criterion and so one needs to make adjustments to the derived conserved quantities in order to satisfy the divergence condition. The conservation laws are then expressed in the original variable. Finally, a conservation law is used to obtain exact solution of a special case of the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation.
Online ZMP sampling search for biped walking planning

In this paper, we present a new method that uses random search for online planning of biped walking, given a feasible footstep plan. The Linear Inverted Pendulum dynamic model and the Zero Moment Point concept are employed to solve the walking problem. We consider walk planning as the choice of a sequence of ZMPs leading to a stable walk that satisfies all the dynamic and mechanical constraints of the robot. We contribute a novel online sampling algorithm to efficiently search for such ZMP sequence. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm by successful combined walking tasks in a faithful simulation of a full-body humanoid robot.
Towards a Green Hydrate Inhibitor: Imaging Antifreeze Proteins on Clathrates

The formation of hydrate plugs in oil and gas pipelines is a serious industrial problem and recently there has been an increased interest in the use of alternative hydrate inhibitors as substitutes for thermodynamic inhibitors like methanol. We show here that antifreeze proteins (AFPs) possess the ability to modify structure II (sII) tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate crystal morphologies by adhering to the hydrate surface and inhibiting growth in a similar fashion to the kinetic inhibitor poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The effects of AFPs on the formation and growth rate of high-pressure sII gas mix hydrate demonstrated that AFPs are superior hydrate inhibitors compared to PVP. These results indicate that AFPs may be suitable for the study of new inhibitor systems and represent an important step towards the development of biologically-based hydrate inhibitors.
Upscaling river networks for use in climate models

Upscaling fine resolution river networks in a realistic manner is a cumbersome process and manual corrections are difficult to avoid. A modified algorithm is presented that offers improvement over the existing approaches and requires comparatively fewer manual corrections. The algorithm uses fine resolution flow directions to find the adjacent coarse resolution grid cell in which the majority of water drains and then corrects for increased occurrences of river flow through the sides of the grid cells. Visual comparison remains an acceptable way to assess the success of various upscaling algorithms given the complex nature of rivers and in the absence of a method for comprehensive quantitative comparison. Here, the fraction of ordinal river flow directions (a measure of side‐to‐corner preference) and the fraction of grid cells that only drain themselves (a measure of connectivity of low order river segments) are used to provide information about the nature of upscaled coarse resolution river networks in comparison to the fine resolution networks. For both visual evaluation and these more quantitative measures, the modified algorithm presented here yields the best comparison with the 0.5° resolution river networks on which the upscaled coarse resolution networks are based.
Features of a Smad3 MH1-DNA Complex

The Smad family of proteins mediates transforming growth factor-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. In the nucleus, Smads serve as transcription factors by directly binding to specific DNA sequences and regulating the expression of ligand-response genes. A previous structural analysis, at 2.8-Å resolution, revealed a novel DNA-binding mode for the Smad MH1 domain but did not allow accurate assignment of the fines features of protein-DNA interactions. The crystal structure of a Smad3 MH1 domain bound to a palindromic DNA sequence, determined at 2.4-Å resolution, reveals a surprisingly important role for water molecules. The asymmetric placement of the DNA-binding motif (a conserved 11-residue β-hairpin) in the major groove of DNA is buttressed by seven well ordered water molecules. These water molecules make specific hydrogen bonds to the DNA bases, the DNA phosphate backbones, and several critical Smad3 residues. In addition, the MH1 domain is found to contain a bound zinc atom using four invariant residues among Smad proteins, three cysteines and one histidine. Removal of the zinc atom results in compromised DNA binding activity. These results define the Smad MH1 domain as a zinc-coordinating module that exhibits unique DNA binding properties.
Electronic Reprint Applied Crystallography Three-dimensional Maps of Grain Boundaries and the Stress State of Individual Grains in Polycrystals and Powders Applied Crystallography Three-dimensional Maps of Grain Boundaries and the Stress State of Individual Grains in Polycrystals and Powders

Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases or the like is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. A fast and non-destructive method for generating three-dimensional maps of the grain boundaries in undeformed polycrystals is presented. The method relies on tracking of micro-focused high-energy X-rays. It is veri®ed by comparing an electron microscopy map of the orientations on the 2.5 Â 2.5 mm surface of an aluminium polycrystal with tracking data produced at the 3DXRD microscope at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The average difference in grain boundary position between the two techniques is 26 mm, comparable with the spatial resolution of the 3DXRD microscope. As another extension of the tracking concept, algorithms for determining the stress state of the individual grains are derived. As a case study, 3DXRD results are presented for the tensile deformation of a copper specimen. The strain tensor for one embedded grain is determined as a function of load. The accuracy on the strain is Á4 9 10 À4 .
A Systematic Approach to Measure the Problem Complexity of Software Requirement Specifications of an Information System

SRS document is the first deliverable product/milestone in the software development process and acts as a basis for the formal contract between the user and the developer of the software of an information system. This document is written in natural language and reflects the problem (computation) complexity of the system. We felt that there was a need to measure this complexity since little effort has been made towards the measurement of this complexity; and then deriving estimates from the SRS. In this work, we define a problem complexity metric, which measures the strength(s) of the requirements specified with in the SRS document, in terms of their inter-dependencies. This metric will be used in future works to derive various estimates related to the development of software. To arrive at this metric, a requirements model has been proposed that provides the necessary base for the measurement. The work has been supported with the successful calculation of this metric for a real life example.