Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method to extend the validity of quasi-static SOI MOSFET models

This paper describes a method to model thin-film fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs at frequencies where the quasi-static model is no longer valid. The method consists in considering a cascade of several elementary MOSFET transistors or sections and applying the quasi-static analysis to each section. Important second-order effects such as mobility degradation and velocity saturation are considered in each individual section. Two different approaches to choose the dimensions of each section are analyzed. This technique is compared to a complete quasi-static analysis and results are discussed. Also, scattering parameters measurements are presented.
Comparative pattern analysis of cretan folk songs

This paper reports on data mining of Cretan folk songs for distinctive patterns. A pattern is distinctive if it occurs with higher probability in a corpus as compared to an anticorpus. A small set of Cretan folk songs was collected, organized using a small knowledge base of classes, and mined using distinctive pattern discovery methods. Several highly distinctive and confident patterns emerge.
Apoptotic Potential of Cytokine Therapy for Proteasome Inhibition to Maximize the

Human neuroblastomas possess several mechanisms of self-defense that may confer an ability to resist apoptosis and contribute to the observed difﬁculty in treating these tumors in the clinical setting. These molecular alterations may include defects in proapoptotic genes as well as the overexpression of prosurvival factors, such as Akt among others. As a key regulator of the turnover of proteins that modulate the cell cycle and mechanisms of apoptosis, the proteasome could serve as an important target for the treatment of neuroblastoma. The present studies provide the ﬁrst evidence that bortezomib, a newly approved inhibitor of proteasome function, inhibits phosphorylation of Akt, induces the translocation of proapoptotic Bid, and potently enhances the apoptosis of murine neuroblastoma tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, in that inhibitors of the Akt pathway can sensitize otherwise resistant TBJ/Neuro-2a cells to apoptosis induced by IFN- (cid:1) plus TNF- (cid:2) , we hypothesized that bortezomib also could sensitize these cells to IFN- (cid:1) plus TNF- (cid:2) . We demonstrate for the ﬁrst time that bortezomib not only up-regulates the expression of receptors for IFN- (cid:1) and TNF- (cid:2) on both TBJ neuroblastoma and EOMA endothelial cell lines, but also markedly enhances the sensitivity of these cells to apoptosis induced by IFN- (cid:1) plus TNF- (cid:2) in vitro. Furthermore, bortezomib enhances the in vivo antitumor efﬁcacy of IFN- (cid:1) /TNF- (cid:2) -inducing cytokines, including both IL-2 and IL-12 in mice bearing well-established primary and/or metastatic TBJ neuroblastoma tumors. Collectively, these studies suggest that bortezomib could be used therapeutically to enhance the proapoptotic and overall antitumor activity of systemic cytokine therapy in children with advanced neuroblastoma. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 6302–6312.
Recovery of cardiac calcium release is controlled by sarcoplasmic reticulum refilling and ryanodine receptor sensitivity.

AIMS In heart cells, the mechanisms underlying refractoriness of the elementary units of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release, Ca(2+) sparks, remain unclear. We investigated local recovery of SR Ca(2+) release using experimental measurements and mathematical modelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Repeated Ca(2+) sparks were induced from individual clusters of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in quiescent rat ventricular myocytes, and we examined how changes in RyR gating influenced the time-dependent recovery of Ca(2+) spark amplitude and triggering probability. Repeated Ca(2+) sparks from individual sites were analysed in the presence of 50 nM ryanodine with: (i) no additional agents (control); (ii) 50 µM caffeine to sensitize RyRs; (iii) 50 µM tetracaine to inhibit RyRs; or (iv) 100 nM isoproterenol to activate β-adrenergic receptors. Sensitization and inhibition of RyR clusters shortened and lengthened, respectively, the median interval between consecutive Ca(2+) sparks (caffeine 239 ms; control 280 ms; tetracaine 453 ms). Recovery of Ca(2+) spark amplitude, however, was exponential with a time constant of ∼100 ms in all cases. Isoproterenol both accelerated the recovery of Ca(2+) spark amplitude (τ = 58 ms) and shortened the median interval between Ca(2+) sparks (192 ms). The results were recapitulated by a mathematical model in which SR [Ca(2+)] depletion terminates Ca(2+) sparks, but not by an alternative model based on limited depletion and Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of RyRs. CONCLUSION Together, the results strongly suggest that: (i) local SR refilling controls Ca(2+) spark amplitude recovery; (ii) Ca(2+) spark triggering depends on both refilling and RyR sensitivity; and (iii) β-adrenergic stimulation influences both processes.
Error diagnosis for language learning systems

A diagnostic component for natural language utterances has been devised which allows one to integrate (possibly inconsistent) evidence from a wide range of knowledge sources into a unique decision procedure. It is based on a procedure for the disambiguation of dependency structures using graded constraints. Different description levels like syntax, semantics, and others are treated by separate structural representations, which are disambiguated simultaneously. Due to the complete symmetry of the system architecture the approach allows for the successful handling of a wide variety or student errors.
Incremental histogram based anomaly detection scheme in wireless sensor networks

Many mission critical wireless sensor networks require an efficient and lightweight anomaly detection scheme to identify outliers. In this paper, we propose an incremental histogram based anomaly detection scheme in order to detect the anomaly data values within the network. It first partitions the whole network into several clusters in which the cluster members are physically adjacent and data correlated. Then, the cluster head and cluster members update histogram incrementally and compare histograms in the form of kullback-leibler divergence differentially. We show through experiments with real data that the proposed anomaly detection scheme can provide a high detection accuracy ratio and a low false alarm ratio.
Higher-order random projection for tensor object recognition

In this paper, the higher-order random projection (HORP) is proposed to directly project the higher-order tensor object from high-dimensional space to low-dimensional space for recognition task. In traditional random projection framework, the projection matrix does not depend on the training data hence it can avoid the principal classification problems such as over-fitting, Small Sample Size (SSS), and singularity problems. However, the tensor object must be transformed to vectors before projection. In this way, the size of projection matrix will depend on the product of all dimensions in all orders, that is very large and consumes lots of memory and computation time to process. Instead of the traditional projection, our method uses n-mode projection for a tensor object directly, which applies the random projection matrices to matrix unfolding in each mode simultaneously. Thus, the size of each projection matrix will depend on only a dimension of each order. The memory and computation time of this method will be substantially reduced. After projection, we investigate the results of HORP by the nearest neighbor classifier. Our experiments on well-known face databases demonstrate the significant of our proposed method.
A biologically-inspired penetration/drilling/sampling system for in situ astrobiological studies

Due to ultraviolet flux in the surface layers of most solar bodies, future astrobiological research is increasingly seeking to conduct subsurface penetration, drilling and sampling to detect chemical signature for extant or extinct life. To address this issue, we present a micro-penetrator concept (mass < 10 kg) that is suited for extraterrestrial planetary deployment and in situ investigation of chemical and physical properties. To draw inspiration from nature, a biomimetic drill is designed based on the working mechanism of wood wasp ovipositors to access material under oxidized layer for biomarker detection. One of the major limitations of sampling in low gravity environments (such as Mars, asteroids, etc) is the need for high axial force when using conventional drills. The biomimetic drill is proposed to address this limitation by applying a reciprocating motion without any external force. It is lightweight (0.5 kg), driven at low power (3~5 W), and able to drill deep (1~2 m). Tests have shown that the reciprocating drill is feasible and has potential of improving drill efficiency without using any external force. The overall penetration/drilling/sampling system provides a small, light and energy efficient solution to in situ astrobiological studies, which is crucial for space engineering. Such a micropenetrator can be used for exploration of terrestrial-type planets or other small bodies of the solar system with the minimum of modifications.
HLS design flow for the synthesis of multimode systems under multiple constraints

In a mobile society, more and more devices need to continuously adapt to changing environments. Such mode switches can be smoothly done in software using a general purpose or digital signal processor though hardware components can cope with throughput and power constraints. In this paper we propose a methodology to implement multiple configuration (or mode) and multi-constraint systems into a single circuit using conventional hardware technologies. Results show the interest of the methodology.
Molecular Evolution and Circulation Patterns of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A: Positively Selected Sites in the Attachment G Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most common etiological agent of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and can cause repeated infections throughout life. In this study, we have analyzed nucleotide sequences encompassing 629 bp at the carboxy terminus of the G glycoprotein gene for HRSV subgroup A strains isolated over 47 years, including 112 Belgian strains isolated over 19 consecutive years (1984 to 2002). By using a maximum likelihood method, we have tested the presence of diversifying selection and identified 13 positively selected sites with a posterior probability above 0.5. The sites under positive selection correspond to sites of O glycosylation or to amino acids that were previously described as monoclonal antibody-induced in vitro escape mutants. Our findings suggest that the evolution of subgroup A HRSV G glycoprotein is driven by immune pressure operating in certain codon positions located mainly in the second hypervariable region of the ectodomain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the prolonged cocirculation of two subgroup A lineages among the Belgian population and the possible extinction of three other lineages. The evolutionary rate of HRSV subgroup A isolates was estimated to be 1.83 × 10−3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year, projecting the most recent common ancestor back to the early 1940s.
Simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 infection of astrocytes.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of astrocytes has been demonstrated in the brains of patients with AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and may play an important role in neuropathological pathways of HIV-related encephalopathy. SIVmac-infected monkeys develop an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with CNS involvement which is quite similar to that seen in human AIDS. We investigated the in vitro infection of primary astrocytes derived from adult macaques with SIVmac251 or an isogenic virus that expresses a non-functional Nef protein (SIVmac251-DeltaNef). In both cases we observed that viral expression was mostly limited to early regulatory genes after a transient phase of late viral gene expression (i.e. env and gag), as reported for HIV-1-infected astrocytes in vivo. Late viral gene expression could be reactivated by TNF-alpha, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma treatment of SIVmac251-infected astrocytes but not by similarly treated SIVmac251-DeltaNef-infected cells. Our findings suggest that Nef is not involved in the restricted expression of SIV in astrocytes, but may be important for astrocytes to function as a viral reservoir in the CNS. In additional experiments, we demonstrated Rev and Nef expression in 17 of 27 primary astrocyte cultures derived from macaques infected by SIVmac251. Nef was located in the cytoplasm of astrocytes infected by SIVmac251 in vivo, but displayed perinuclear localisation after infection in vitro. Attempts to activate late viral gene expression by astrocytes infected in vivo using cytokines or by coculture with human cord blood mononuclear cells were unsuccessful.
Overview of the ImageCLEF 2015 Medical Clustering Task

There are thousands of unlabeled x-ray images available and in the third world countries more is generated every day. With the advancement of digital technology now a day's digital x-ray imaging techniques are available, however due to the high cost of the machines it is not popular in the third world countries. Moreover, old school x-ray plates are still there. The medical cluster- ing task of ImageCLEF 2015 addresses the issue of automated organization of x-ray images. The challenge is that there are x-ray images containing different parts of human body and the participant have to device a mechanism to identify that body part. The main challenge is that an image could contain several body part and the classifier has to identify all of them separately or as many as possi- ble. Body parts are divided in to four major larger groups: head-neck, upper- limb, body, and lower-limb. The secondary goal of this task is farther partition- ing the initial clusters into sub-clusters, for example the upper-limb cluster can be farther divided into: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, and Hand. However, due to the time constrain and difficulty level of the task this year we decided to go with the primary objective. Data was collected by 71 groups from all around the world, however 8 groups submitted the final test results and working note papers were submitted by 6. Interestingly, this 6 groups explored the discriminating ability of 27 different types of feature extraction method and also many different types of classifiers were used. Three different performance measurement is used. Best result for exact match was 0.752; for any match was 0.864; and for Hamming similarity was 0.895.
Dynamics of Myoblast Transplantation Reveal a Discrete Minority of Precursors with Stem Cell–like Properties as the Myogenic Source

Myoblasts, the precursors of skeletal muscle fibers, can be induced to withdraw from the cell cycle and differentiate in vitro. Recent studies have also identified undifferentiated subpopulations that can self-renew and generate myogenic cells (Baroffio, A., M. Hamann, L. Bernheim, M.-L. Bochaton-Pillat, G. Gabbiani, and C.R. Bader. 1996. Differentiation. 60:47–57; Yoshida, N., S. Yoshida, K. Koishi, K. Masuda, and Y. Nabeshima. 1998. J. Cell Sci. 111:769–779). Cultured myoblasts can also differentiate and contribute to repair and new muscle formation in vivo, a capacity exploited in attempts to develop myoblast transplantation (MT) for genetic modification of adult muscle. Our studies of the dynamics of MT demonstrate that cultures of myoblasts contain distinct subpopulations defined by their behavior in vitro and divergent responses to grafting. By comparing a genomic and a semiconserved marker, we have followed the fate of myoblasts transplanted into muscles of dystrophic mice, finding that the majority of the grafted cells quickly die and only a minority are responsible for new muscle formation. This minority is behaviorally distinct, slowly dividing in tissue culture, but rapidly proliferative after grafting, suggesting a subpopulation with stem cell–like characteristics.
A Model of Contingent Governance Choice and Performance in Business Process Outsourcing: The Effects of Relational and Process Uncertainty

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is rapidly emerging as an imperative for competitive success in modern organizations. This study characterizes contractual coordination, or the mutual exchange of rights, and procedural coordination, or the relational norms and processes that facilitate mutual exchange of information, as two fundamental elements of governance of BPO relationships, and posits that the choice of these elements is contingent on the type of uncertainty encountered in the BPO task environment. In particular, we focus on relational uncertainty (or uncertainty perceived by the user firm about its relationship with the service provider) and process uncertainty (or uncertainty in execution and management of the outsourced process across organizational boundaries). We draw on transaction cost economics and theories of inter-firm coordination to posit that the extent of contractual coordination in the BPO relationship is determined by relational uncertainty while the extent of procedural coordination is determined by process uncertainty. Further, while performance of the BPO relationship is explained by the complementary relationship between contractual and procedural coordination function, it is also significantly influenced by the alignment between contractual coordination and relational uncertainty and procedural coordination and process uncertainty. Our analysis of survey data on 137 active BPO relationships provides strong support for our hypotheses. The contingency approach to governance of BPO relationships helps reconcile the economic conceptualization of governance of outsourcing relationships as a nexus of contracts and the organizational perspective of governance as a complex work system by applying each perspective in a discriminating fashion based on the effects of relational and process uncertainty. An understanding of the contingent effects of uncertainty will help managers negotiate varying outsourcing task environments and effectively leverage BPO to improve firm competitiveness.
Mathematical problems in radar inverse scattering

The problem of all-weather noncooperative target recognition is of considerable interest to both defense and civil aviation agencies. Furthermore, the discipline of radar inverse scattering spans a set of real-world problems whose complexity can be as simple as perfectly conducting objects in uniform, isotropic, and clutter-free environments but also includes problems that are progressively more difficult. Consequently, this topic is attractive as a practical starting point for general object characterization schemes. But traditional radar target models—upon which most current radar systems are based—are nearing the end of their usefulness. Unfortunately, most traditional research programmes have emphasized instrumentation over image and model analysis and, consequently, the discipline is unnecessarily jargon-laden and device-specific. The result is that recent contributions in advanced imaging, inverse scattering and model fitting methods have often been 'excluded' from mainstream radar efforts. This topical review is intended to serve as a survey of current and proposed schemes and an overview and discussion of roadblocks to successful implementation of some of the more popular approaches. The presentation has been constructed in a manner that (it is hoped) will appeal to those physicists and applied mathematicians who are not approaching the subject of radar imaging from a formal radar background.
An Improved Fingerprinting Algorithm for Detection of Video Frame Duplication Forgery

Frame duplication is a common way of digital video forgeries. State-of-the-art approaches of duplication detection usually suffer from heavy computational load. In this paper, the authors propose a new algorithm to detect duplicated frames based on video sub-sequence fingerprints. The fingerprints employed are extracted from the DCT coefficients of the temporally informative representative images (TIRIs) of the sub-sequences. Compared with other similar algorithms, this study focuses on improving fingerprints representing video sub-sequences and introducing a simple metric for the matching of video sub-sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm overall outperforms three related duplication forgery detection algorithms in terms of computational efficiency, detection accuracy and robustness against common video operations like compression and brightness change
TCDB: the Transporter Classification Database for membrane transport protein analyses and information

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a web accessible, curated, relational database containing sequence, classification, structural, functional and evolutionary information about transport systems from a variety of living organisms. TCDB is a curated repository for factual information compiled from >10 000 references, encompassing ∼3000 representative transporters and putative transporters, classified into >400 families. The transporter classification (TC) system is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology approved system of nomenclature for transport protein classification. TCDB is freely accessible at . The web interface provides several different methods for accessing the data, including step-by-step access to hierarchical classification, direct search by sequence or TC number and full-text searching. The functional ontology that underlies the database structure facilitates powerful query searches that yield valuable data in a quick and easy way. The TCDB website also offers several tools specifically designed for analyzing the unique characteristics of transport proteins. TCDB not only provides curated information and a tool for classifying newly identified membrane proteins, but also serves as a genome transporter-annotation tool.
Asthma inhaler adherence determinants in adults: systematic review of observational data

Nonadherence to inhaled medication leads to poor asthma control and increased healthcare utilisation. Many studies exploring adherence determinants have been conducted, but summaries of the evidence are scarce. We performed a systematic review of observational research on determinants of asthma inhaler adherence among adults. We searched for articles in English reporting quantitative observational studies on inhaler adherence correlates among adults in developed countries, published in EMBASE, Medline, PsychInfo and PsychArticles in 1990–2014. Two coders independently assessed eligibility and extracted data, and assessed study quality. Results were summarised qualitatively into social and economic, and healthcare-, therapy-, condition- and patient-related factors. The 51 studies included mainly examined patient-related factors and found consistent links between adherence and stronger inhaler-necessity beliefs, and possibly older age. There was limited evidence on the relevance of other determinants, partly due to study heterogeneity regarding the types of determinants examined. Methodological quality varied considerably and studies performed generally poorly on their definitions of variables and measures, risk of bias, sample size and data analysis. A broader adoption of common methodological standards and health behaviour theories is needed before cumulative science on the determinants of adherence to asthma inhalers among adults can develop further. Major opportunities for strengthening evidence on determinants of nonadherence to asthma inhalers: methods and theory http://ow.ly/DY4vr