Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of depth of inspection and inspection performance metrics for consistent defect management in software industry

Production of high-quality software is the exquisite need for accomplishing absolute customer satisfaction in software industry. Effective defect management is one of the crucial factors enabling successful development of high-quality products. Inspection and testing are two established methods of defect management domain. However, existing industry atmosphere is not stringent on the quantification of quality of process and people, in order to realise the prime objective of effective defect management. Consequently, defect capturing ability of the process and the efficacy of people are anecdotal leading towards defect manifestation and propagation during different software development stages. This study provides a case study involving empirical analysis of projects from a leading product-based software industry. The investigation strongly indicates the need for awareness and use of quality measurement of process and people in realising effective defect management. Implementation of two recently introduced quality metrics depth of inspection, a process metric and inspection performance metric, a people metric enable the developing team to generate high-quality software. The comprehension of these pair metrics in software development further augments the quality and productivity. It also reduces the expensive rework time, cost and rebinding of resources. Implementation of duo metrics reflects the persistent process improvement of the software enterprise and the resultant success.
Triple energy window scatter correction technique in PET

A practical triple energy window technique (TEW) is proposed, which is based on using the information in two lower energy windows and one single calibration to estimate the scatter within the photopeak window. In order to evaluate the technique, a Monte Carlo simulation program which simulates the PENN-PET University of Pennsylvania positron emission tomography scanner geometry was used. Different phantom activity distributions and phantom sizes were tested to simulate brain studies including uniform and nonuniform distributions. The results from simulated data indicate that the TEW technique works well for a wide range of activity distributions and object sizes. The preliminary comparison between the TEW and dual window techniques shows better quantitative accuracy for the TEW, especially for the nonuniform distribution phantoms. <<ETX>>
Privacy Preserving Horizontal Partitioning of Outsourced Database for Frequent Pattern Mining Using Paillier

Recent years data sharing is an important task. This data publication is conducted by various organizations under some important rules and regulations. Such data is useful in various researchers. Also With high demand for cloud services there are serious concerns about the privacy of individuals and also the outsourced database. In such cases there is high demand to check the utility of data and integrity of data. Data integration is another form of data sharing, where data owners sends there data to server for aggregation and then performed preprocessing on aggregated data before storing on third party server or cloud. There are several challenges while designing secure system like hiding the original and sensitive information of the individual and whole database from attacker. So in this system to tackle these challenges, the existing system uses the technique of homomorphic encryption which works on encrypted data, which results in increased security of outsourced data and also increased system performance. In proposed system, we are adding the concept of horizontal partitioning to spilt the database in two different parts as well as apply the rule generation algorithm. By making use of horizontal partition we are able to save the time needed for rule generation.
Shadowing correlation assessment and modeling for satellite diversity in urban environments

Non-geostationary orbit satellite networks have dynamic, yet deterministic topologies. This paper deals with the consequences of relying on the use of multiple visible satellites to improve availability with time/locations through satellite diversity techniques. The assumption of independent blockage events in two different satellite-to-mobile links is generally not accurate and information on shadowing correlation should be taken into account in the assessment of availability.In this paper a shadowing correlation study for urban environments is presented and a model for the real environments, as well as for a generic urban environment is inferred. The model proposed here is simple and can be run on a computer. It also relates urban and constellation geometries thus allowing the identification of those cases for which satellite diversity gain should be expected. As a result of this analysis and modelling, we present empirical analytical expressions describing positive correlation coefficient as a function of satellite angular separation (azimuth and elevation). We also show that an angle exists above which correlation can be negative and satellite diversity can sensibly improve link availability. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse-Share-Tenancy and Marshallian Inefficiency: Bargaining Power of Landowners and the Sharecropper’s Productivity

Making use of a unique tenant-landlord matched data from the Tigray region of Ethiopia, we are able to show how strategic response of tenants - to varying economic and tenure security status of the landlords - is important in explaining productivity differentials of sharecroppers. The results show that sharecroppers’ yield are significantly lower on plots leased from landlords who are non-kin; female; with lower income generating opportunity; and tenure insecure households, than on plots leased from landlords with contrasting characteristics. While, on aggregate, the result shows no significant efficiency loss on kin-operated sharecropped plots, a more decomposed analyses indicate strong evidences of Marshallian inefficiency on kin-operated plots leased from landlords with weaker bargaining power and higher tenure insecurity. This study, thus, shows how failure to control for such heterogeneity of landowners' characteristics can explain the lack of clarity in the existing empirical literature on the extent of moral hazard problems in sharecropping contracts.
Correction for arterial‐tissue delay and dispersion in absolute quantitative cerebral perfusion DSC MR imaging

The singular value decomposition deconvolution of cerebral tissue concentration–time curves with the arterial input function is commonly used in dynamic susceptibility contrast cerebral perfusion MR imaging. However, it is sensitive to the time discrepancy between the arrival of the bolus in the tissue concentration–time curve and the arterial input function signal. This normally causes inaccuracy in the quantitative perfusion maps due to delay and dispersion effects. A comprehensive correction algorithm has been achieved through slice‐dependent time‐shifting of the arterial input function, and a delay‐dependent dispersion correction model. The correction algorithm was tested in 11 healthy subjects and three ischemic stroke patients scanned with a quantitative perfusion pulse sequence at 1.5 T. A validation study was performed on five patients with confirmed cerebrovascular occlusive disease scanned with MRI and positron emission tomography at 3.0 T. A significant effect (P < 0.05) was reported on the quantitative cerebral blood flow and mean transit time measurements (up to 50%). There was no statistically significant effect on the quantitative cerebral blood volume values. The in vivo results were in agreement with the simulation results, as well as previous literature. This minimizes the bias in patient diagnosis due to the existing errors and artifacts in dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct Patterns of Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) Expression by Leukemic Cells and Peripheral Blood Cells

Summary The urinary type plasminogen activator, urokinase (uPA) is localized on the cell surface through the binding of a specific receptor, the uPA receptor (uPAR). The uPA localization enhances plasmin formation on the cell surface and facilitates cell migration. The cellular and tissue distribution of uPAR is not fully established. We have analyzed uPAR expression in nine leukemic cell lines of distinct lineages and maturational states and correlated this with expression of plasminogen receptors, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) receptors and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP). The most immature and least differentiated cell line (an erythro-myeloid cell line) and cells of lymphoid lineage, did not express uPAR, whereas cells differentiated along the myelo-monocytic pathway displayed this receptor. Plasminogen and tPA receptors were expressed by all leukemic cell lines and by all nucleated peripheral blood cells but B and T lymphocytes were negative for cell surface expression of both uPAR and LRP while monocytes and neutrophils were positive for expression of both uPAR and LRP. PMA stimulation induced surface expression of uPAR in lymphocytes but did not induce expression of LRP by these cells. In contrast, lymphoid cell lines were negative for uPAR expression even after PMA stimulation, indicating differences in regulation of uPAR expression between lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. The pattern of uPAR expression on leukemic cell lines was also studied on bone marrow blast cells from leukemic patients. Only the most mature myeloid cells expressed uPAR on their surfaces. In contrast, M3 leukemic cells and other blast cells displaying lymphoid markers such as TdT (+) and/or CD2 (+) did not express intracellular or cell-surface associated uPAR, indicating an heterogeneity among these promyelo-cytic cells and suggesting that uPAR may be a useful marker for leukemia typing. Myeloid blast cells from some patients contained intracellular pools of uPAR but displayed no receptor on the cell surface, suggesting that translocation may be a mechanism regulating uPAR expression in these cells. The comparison of uPAR expression between these cell lines and peripheral blood cells and it correlation with plasminogen receptors, tPA receptors and LRP expression offers new insights regarding potential mechanisms for regulation of uPA-uP-AR-mediated pericellular proteolysis.
Cointegration of Major Stock Market Indices during the 2008 Global Financial Distress

This paper investigates the cointegration properties of major capital markets indices during the September, 2008 / August, 2009 episode of the financial and banking crises originated in U.S markets. Based on daily closing prices of international stock markets indices, the analysis shows that three set of indices of economies (OECD group, Pacific group and Asia group) have at least one cointegrating vector. Contrary to former studies that concluded on the independencies of Asian markets, this paper reveals that during the deeper financial crisis period, Asian major markets indices were cointegrated. This finding suggests that local investors in Asian capital markets cannot avoid any influence from outside capital markets even if some local markets are still entirely not opened to international investors.
Effects of Stern layer conductance on electrokinetic energy conversion in nanofluidic channels

A thermo‐electro‐hydro‐dynamic model is developed to analytically account for the effects of Stern layer conductance on electrokinetic energy conversion in nanofluidic channels. The optimum electrokinetic devices performance is dependent on a figure of merit, in which the Stern layer conductance appears as a nondimensional Dukhin number. Such surface conductance is found to significantly reduce the figure of merit and thus the efficiency and power output. This finding may explain why the recently measured electrokinetic devices performances are far below the theoretical predictions where the effects of Stern layer conductance have been ignored.
Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control

active) results for 10,000 genes from 60 cancer patients. If the cancer happens to be leukemia, then the statistician may be asked to determine which patients from a group have acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and which have acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is a particularly important question because ALL is one of the major cancer killers of children. As one might suppose, an attempt to answer such a question would lead the statistician to consider many problems. The same is true on the experimental side for biologists, chemists, and physicians. This book is an attempt to introduce the experimental, medical, and statistical aspects of the microarray approach for measuring gene expression to the members of these groups. In the interest of full disclosure, my interest in the analysis of microarray data began when I read the paper by Li, Darden, Weinberg, Levine, and Pedersen (2001), followed by Knudsen’s (2004) earlier book. As Knudsen says in the reviewed book, each of the above groups will find the discussion of their own areas superficial. However, I found that overall this book was a very good introduction to the overall topic. The book itself can be divided into three parts:
Logging home use of the internet in the Blacksburg Electronic Village

Many user studies of the internet employ survey methods and focus on societal-level impacts. A richer and more valid understanding of the internet includes other types of data (e.g., individual interviews, direct-observation ethnographies, session logging) and finer-level impacts (e.g., impacts on family life, on proximate communities, or on geographical regions). We describe a logging study of 43 households in Blacksburg, Virginia and surrounding Montgomery County. This proximate community is the home of the Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV), a mature, World Wide Web-based community network. We discuss methodological challenges of logging studies and summarise novel approaches of analysis and interpretation. We conclude with summaries of overall patterns of activity, specifically focusing on locally-oriented internet activity.
Topical corticosteroid phobia among parents of children with atopic dermatitis in a semirural area of Norway

Editor Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are important in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), but many parents of children with AD are sceptical to their use having heard or read about possible side-effects. Such negative attitudes towards TCS are often termed TCS phobia and may lead to low treatment adherence, poor effect of treatment and reduced quality of life. Most studies on TCS phobia have been performed in large urban populations, and to the best of our knowledge none in Scandinavia. We wanted to study attitudes towards the use of TCS among parents of children with AD in a semirural area in Norway. We prepared and pilot-tested a questionnaire on attitudes towards and knowledge about TCS based on other similar questionnaires. Questions on disease severity and age were not included. The questionnaire was sent to parents of children aged 0–10 years (n = 127) treated for AD in a specialist practice with two part-time dermatologists in the small town of Hønefoss, Norway (population in 2012: 14 000). Seventy-seven completed questionnaires (60%) were returned. Forty-nine respondents (64%) reported that they worry ‘much’ or ‘a lot’ using TCS on their child. Of these, 45 reported that they did not use physician-prescribed TCS due to these worries ‘very often’ or ‘often’ (n = 10) or sometimes (n = 35). The most frequent reasons for concern were side-effects, especially thinning of the skin. Common sources of information on TCS were dermatologists (70%), general practitioners (55%), package leaflets (46%) and pharmacies (38%). Only 12 respondents (9%) were able to identify the potency of the four most commonly used TCS in Norway. Twelve respondents (9%) gave systematically incorrect answers on corticosteroid potency, possibly on the basis of the percentage declared on the package. There was no correlation between worries regarding TCS and level of knowledge on corticosteroid potency. Our study indicates that TCS phobia among parents of children with AD is as frequent in a small town with surrounding rural districts in Norway as in major cities in other countries. The study is small and undertaken without extensive validation of the questionnaire. The TOPICOP scale for evaluating TCS phobia in AD patients and their parents was published after the completion of our study. In our opinion, the term TCS phobia is a misnomer, as negative attitudes against TCS is not without some rationale; misuse of TCS may indeed lead to adverse side-effects. In their encounters with parents of children with AD, clinicians should explore parents’ attitudes towards TCS to personalize patient management and avoid poor treatment adherence.
On-line Learning Rules for Type-2 Fuzzy Controller

This paper presents an algorithm for tuning the parameters of a type-2 fuzzy controller that functions as the feedforward controller in an adaptive control scheme. Both the consequent weights and the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) associated with the antecedent fuzzy sets are adjusted simultaneously. Simulation results, obtained using the nonlinear pH neutralization process, are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed learning rule.
FPGA Controlled Simplified H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

the multilevel inverter is recently applied in many industrial applications such as ac power supplies, static var compensators, drive system, etc. One of the significant advantages of multilevel configurations is the harmonic reduction in the output waveform without increasing switching frequency or decreasing the inverter power output. The output voltage waveform of multilevel inverter is composed of the number of levels of voltages, typically obtained from capacitor voltage sources. The so-called multivel inverter starts from three levels. As the number of level reach infinity, the output THD approaches zero. This work reports a multilevel inverter using an H-Bridge output stage with a bidirectional auxiliary switch. This Simplified H-bridge multilevel inverter produces a significant reduction of power devices and capacitor required to implement a multilevel output. 
Apolipoprotein E isoforms and apolipoprotein AI protect from amyloid precursor protein carboxy terminal fragment‐associated cytotoxicity

Inheritance of the apolipoprotein (APO) E gene ɛ4 or ɛ2 allele alters the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD), while increased alpha‐tocopherol (AT) intake appears to lower the risk of AD. As APOE is a major apolipoprotein in the CNS and AT in vivo is transported in lipoproteins, we tested the hypothesis that CNS lipoproteins, as modeled by relevant concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and AT would interact to suppress neurotoxicity in a cell culture model of amyloid beta (Aβ)‐ related toxicity. These cells conditionally express C99‐derived peptides, proposed to be a key step in AD pathogenesis; this expression is closely associated with subsequent cell death. We found that physiologic concentrations of lipoproteins present in the CNS protected from C99‐associated toxicity and provided evidence for two mechanisms of protection. The first was AT‐independent, APOE isoform‐dependent, and most potent for the APOE2 isoform. The second was a synergistic protection afforded by a combination of APOAI, or less so APOE, and AT. These data provide a novel explanation for the apparent AD‐protective effect of inheriting an ɛ2 APOE allele, and suggest that optimizing AT enrichment of CNS lipoproteins or devising APOAI mimetics may augment AT efficacy in treating AD.
La política cambiaria en Bolivia, objetivos y efectividad

Hasta el ano 2005, la politica cambiaria en Bolivia siguio un enfoque caracterizado por continuas y graduales depreciaciones nominales, con la finalidad de mantener un tipo de cambio real constante. A partir de 2006, se distingue claramente la modificacion del enfoque, orientandolo al mantenimiento de la estabilidad del poder adquisitivo de la moneda nacional. En este sentido, cobra relevancia el analisis de la efectividad de la politica cambiaria para controlar la inflacion a traves del analisis del efecto pass-through. Al respecto, empleando la metodologia de McCarthy (1999), el presente trabajo encontro evidencia de que el cambio de orientacion de la politica cambiaria ha coadyuvado a lograr el objetivo de controlar la inflacion y ha contribuido al proceso de bolivianizacion de la economia, sin descuidar la estabilidad del sistema financiero ni generar desalineamientos del tipo de cambio real de equilibrio. Asimismo, se encontro evidencia de la asimetria de la respuesta de los precios a las variaciones del tipo de cambio.
Galton's data a century later.

A century ago, Francis Galton obtained data from thousands of individuals on a variety of sensory, psychomotor, and physical attributes. A sub- stantial portion of these data has remained unana- tyzed. In this article, we report on the reliability of the measures, developmental trends in mean scores, correlations of the measures with age, correlations among measures, occupational differences in scores, and sibling correlations. Test-retest correlations gen- erally were very substantial Growth continued for some individuals, especially those from lower eco- nomic strata, until they were in their mid-2Os. De- velopmental trends during later childhood, adoles- cence, and early maturity were found to be similar to those described in contemporary developmental psychological literature, except that the tempo of development appears to have been slightly slower then than now. Persons from lower economic strata were smaller and weaker and showed less sensory efficiency. In addition, analyses of variance indicated that persons from lower economic strata continued their physical growth longer than persons from more advantaged environments. Sibling resemblances were substantial on most of the measures; opposite-sex siblings resembled one another less than did same- sex siblings. In 1884, Francis Galton established an anthropo- metric laboratory at the International Health Exhi- bition in South Kensington, London, "for the mea- surement in various ways of Human Form and Faculty" (quoted in Pearson, 1924, p. 359). In about one year, data were collected on 9,337 individuals. A similar laboratory, which operated for several years, was established in the Science Galleries of the South Kensington Museum in 1888. The purposes of these laboratories were described in a handbill as follows: 1. For the use of those who desire to be accurately measured in many ways, either to obtain timely warning of remediable faults in development, or to learn their powers.
Unsupervised learning of camera exposure control using randomly connected neural networks

We use webcams on single board computers for vision-based control of flying robots. In that context we consider autonomous acquisition (bootstrapping) of exposure and gain control policies for the digital cameras. The policies are generated by neural networks with random connectivity which can be regarded as nonlinear expansion kernels acting on the input. We consider both feed-forward and recursive networks and apply these structures to learning the required policies. The camera represents an embodied robotic subsystem which is subject to temporal delays in its response. The performance measure is based on selective regions of interest in the image. The contribution of this paper is a complete embodied autonomous learning loop.