Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in controlled attention and susceptibility to inattentional blindness

1299 Individual differences in controlled attention and susceptibility to inattentional blindness K. Bredemeier, H. Berenbaum, and D. J. Simons 1303 Exposure to an urban environment alters the local bias of a remote culture Serge Caparos, Lubna Ahmed, Andrew J. Bremner, Jan de Fockert, Karina J. Linnell, and Jules Davidoff 1307 Holding on and letting go: The allocation of attention to space and objects is constricted and slowed near the hands Christopher C. Davoli and James R. Brockmole 1311 Interference in visual memory can obscure explicit awareness of statistical relationships: The influence of location identity binding mismatches Chris M. Fiacconi and Bruce Milliken 1315 Multiple-target search increases workload but enhances incidental learning: A computational modelling approach to a memory paradox Michael C. Hout and Stephen D. Goldinger 1318 Is the lateral occipital complex necessary for haptic object recognition? Object shape representation in a visual agnosic with bilateral occipitotemporal lesions Jacqueline C. Snow and Jody C. Culham 1323 Perception in obesity: Does physical or perceived body size affect perceived distance? Mila Sugovic and Jessica K. Witt 1326 Properties of spatial attention during conscious and nonconscious processing of visual features and objects Evelina Tapia, Bruno G. Breitmeyer, and Jane Jacob 1331 The automatic encoding of distractors into visual working memory through overt, but not covert attention A. Caglar Tas, Steven J. Luck, and Andrew Hollingworth 1335 Category learning for a (perceptual) purpose Ana E. Van Gulick and Isabel Gauthier VISUAL COGNITION, 2011, 19 (10), 1298 1346
Automatic recognition of child speech for robotic applications in noisy environments

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) allows a natural and intuitive interface for robotic educational applications for children. However there are a number of challenges to overcome to allow such an interface to operate robustly in realistic settings, including the intrinsic difficulties of recognising child speech and high levels of background noise often present in classrooms. As part of the EU EASEL project we have provided several contributions to address these challenges, implementing our own ASR module for use in robotics applications. We used the latest deep neural network algorithms which provide a leap in performance over the traditional GMM approach, and apply data augmentation methods to improve robustness to noise and speaker variation. We provide a close integration between the ASR module and the rest of the dialogue system, allowing the ASR to receive in real-time the language models relevant to the current section of the dialogue, greatly improving the accuracy. We integrated our ASR module into an interactive, multimodal system using a small humanoid robot to help children learn about exercise and energy. The system was installed at a public museum event as part of a research study where 320 children (aged 3 to 14) interacted with the robot, with our ASR achieving 90% accuracy for fluent and near-fluent speech.
A Study on How Leaders Build Group Identification Through the Lens of LMX Theory

Leader-Member exchange (LMX) literature describes two exchange relationships that are relevant to motivate employees to engage in desirable behaviors toward the group. The first one is LMX, the quality of relationship between a leader and a member. The second one is leader-leader exchange (LLX), the quality of the leaders’ upward exchange relationship with their own supervisors. Thus far, the current state of LMX research attributes the source of the leaders’ influence on members’ motivation to be the leader’s resources that he or she provides to their members. When members receive valuable resources from the leader, they attempt to reciprocate by displaying behaviors that benefits the leader. Moreover, the leaders with high LLX leverage the resources from the upper management to motivate their followers. In this study, I approach LMX and LLX more intrinsically. Members with high LMX and/or LLX are driven intrinsically, because high LMX and LLX lead to their identification with the group. To these members, the group membership is an important part of their selves. Moreover, they perceive the group’s success represents their own success. As such, their behaviors on behalf of the group are ways of enhancing their own self-views through group’s success rather than exchange processes between the leader and the members. To this end, I developed and tested a model contending that LMX and LLX qualities influence members’ status judgments, which, in turn, lead to identification with the group and discretionary behaviors toward the group. Moreover, I tested two moderators on the links between LMX and LLX and members’ status judgments and moderated mediation for the indirect effects of LMX and LLX on members’ identification with the group. Using survey data from 328 employees and their team leaders from 63 teams in South Korea, I discovered that LMX and LLX are significantly related to members’ perceptions of respect, and pride in the group, respectively. Furthermore, the results supported the influence of LMX and LLX on members’ discretionary behaviors by means of status judgments and identification with the group. The results provided support for the moderating role of LMX differentiation on the relationship between LMX and respect: the higher the LMX differentiation becomes, the weaker the link between LMX and respect.
Quasi-qwerty soft keyboard optimization

It has been well understood that optimized soft keyboard layouts improve motor movement efficiency over the standard Qwerty layouts, but have the drawback of long initial visual search time for novice users. To ease the initial searching time on optimized soft keyboards, we explored "Quasi-Qwerty optimization" so that the resulting layouts are close to Qwerty. Our results show that a middle ground between the optimized but new, and the familiar (Qwerty) but inefficient does exist. We show that by allowing letters to move at most one step (key) away from their original positions on Qwerty in an optimization process, one can achieve about half of what free optimization could gain in movement efficiency. An experiment shows that due to users' familiarity with Qwerty, a layout with quasi Qwerty optimization could significantly reduce novice user's visual search time to a level between those of Qwerty and a freely optimized layout. The results in this work provide designers with a new quantitative understanding of the soft keyboard design space.
Improved Group Key Agreement for Emergency Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Cognitive radio based networks can resolve the spectrum scarcity issues present in the current emergency communication networks. Establishing quick and secure communication between rescue team members in the disaster field is a significant task and cognitive radio MANETs are the best choice for disaster management and other emergency situations. This paper presents a scalable group key agreement protocol called ‘ITGECDH.2’ which uses an improved batch rekeying scheme. It is inferred from the performance analysis that the proposed ITGECDH.2 is suitable for secure group communication in emergency cognitive radio MANETs with inherent dynamism as it reduces the number of renewed nodes and incurs reduction in rekeying time.
Nanonets Collect Cancer Secretome from Pericellular Space

Identifying novel cancer biomarkers is important for early cancer detection as it can reduce mortality rates. The cancer secretome, the collection of all macromolecules secreted by a tumor cell, alters its composition compared to normal tissue, and this change plays an important role in the observation of cancer progression. The collection and accurate analysis of cancer secretomes could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers, thus improving outcomes of cancer treatment. We unexpectedly discovered that enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) of a D-peptide hydrogelator results in nanonets/hydrogel around cancer cells that overexpress ectophosphatases. Here we show that these nanonets are able to rapidly collect proteins in the pericellular space (i.e., near the surface) of cancer cells. Because the secretory substances are at their highest concentration near the cell surface, the use of pericellular nanonets to collect the cancer secretome maximizes the yield and quality of samples, reduces pre-analytical variations, and allows the dynamic profiling of secretome samples. Thus, this new approach has great potential in identifying the heterotypic signaling in tumor microenvironments thereby improving the understanding of tumor microenvironments and accelerating the discovery of potential biomarkers in cancer biology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003924.
Laser-generated ultrasound: its properties, mechanisms and multifarious applications

The laser generation of ultrasound in solids is reviewed with particular emphasis on the application of this unique ultrasonic source. Three regimes for the generation of ultrasound in solids using lasers in the visible near infrared wavelength region exist: thermoelastic, plasma and constrained surface source regimes. The mechanism for ultrasonic generation in each of these regimes is given. Recent experimental investigations into laser-generated ultrasound are also described, including a description of a different mechanism for the generation of ultrasound in solids using a CO2 laser. Finally, the many applications of laser-generated ultrasound are reviewed. These applications range from nondestructive testing to the determination of candle flame parameters. Possible future applications are also outlined.
Serbian Reflective Citizens’ Matrix Flourishing in Leaking Containers. Response to 40th Foulkes Lecture

Introduction This article is an adapted version of my response to the 40th Foulkes Lecture given by Haim Weinberg in May 2016. Haim’s continuous moving of group work towards new spaces and ways has taken a further courageous step of entering into the opaque territory of the possible/impossible paradigms. Certain glints of the fairy tales in the social unconscious, linked to Haim’s newer studies, also intermingled into my encounter/intercourse with the lecture. Haim’s suggestion that I bring the story of Serbian reflective citizens, being developed over the last 12 years as a psycho-social methodology applying group analysis, was an inspiration. In the tone of ‘trusting the group’, I took the risk of sharing states of reverie–imagination to illustrate the resourcefulness of the journeys both of the community group work emerging and flourishing in ‘impossible’ circumstances, and of the very response itself (mirroring the first). Like snapshots from varieties of paradigm angles the presentation with audio-visual parts was more an invitation to taste the work on the edges of existence (from its roots towards envisioned future) than a comprehensive study of this vast project.
Quality Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by Professional Societies in Turkey

Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances. There is a limited number of studies on guidelines in Turkey. The quality of Ministry of Health guidelines have formerly been assessed whereas there is no information on the other guidelines developed in the country. Aim This study aims to assess the quality of CPGs that are developed by professional societies that work for the health sector in Turkey, and compare the findings with international guidelines. Methodology Professional societies that work for the health sector were determined by using the data obtained from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined for selecting the CPGs. Guidelines containing recommendations about disease management to the doctors, accessible online, developed within the past 5 years, citing references for recommendations, about the diseases over 1% prevalence according to the “Statistical Yearbook of Turkey 2012” were included in the study. The quality of CPGs were assessed with the AGREE II instrument, which is an internationally recognized tool for this purpose. Four independent reviewers, who did not participate in the development of the selected guidelines and were trained in CPG appraisal, used the AGREE instrument for assessment of the selected guidelines. Findings 47 professional societies were defined which provided access to CPGs in their websites; 3 of them were only open to members so these could not be reached. 8 CPGs from 7 societies were selected from a total of 401 CPGs from 44 societies. The mean scores of the domains of the guidelines which were assessed by the AGREE II tool were; Scope and purpose: 64%, stakeholder involvement: 37.9%, rigour of development: 35.3%, clarity and presentation: 77.9%, applicability: 49.0% and editorial independence: 46.0%. Conclusion This is the first study in Turkey regarding quality appraisal of guidelines developed by the local professional societies. It adds to the limited amount of information in the literature that comes from Turkey as well as other developing countries.
Recent developments in testing general relativity with satellite laser ranging

The last decade can be characterized by an impressive diversity of techniques monitoring the artificial and natural satellite dynamics, as well as the Earth rotation: improved laser technology, renewed Doppler techniques, satellite radar altimetry, massive usage of the Global Positioning System (GPS), etc. Each of these techniques is optimally tailored to a specific type of application or scientific problem. For example, it appears that laser tracking (SLR: see on the WEB: http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov) of passive geodynamics satellites (LAGEOS, LAGEOS II, Starlette, Stella, Ajisai, Etalon I and II) over relatively long time intervals provides an excellent method for determining the long-term variations of the geopotential [1] (including tidal effects) and many small non-gravitational phenomena [2]. It turns out that the precision reached in the latest years by such technique in measuring the position of the passive laser-ranged geodetic satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II amounts to 1 cm or better(). See, e.g., http://earth.agu. org/revgeophys/marsha01/node1.html Such astonishing levels of accuracy have disclosed an unexpectedly wide field of research in space geodesy, geophysics and fundamental physics. E.g., now it is possible to plan satellite-based experiments devoted to the experimental control even of some tiny post-Newtonian features of the Earth’gravitational field predicted by Einstein’ s General Relativity [3]. They are usually expressed in terms of certain solve-for least squares fits’ parameters. In evaluating the precision of the results of these experiments it must be considered that, in general, the main error does not consist of the standard statistical error of the fits but of the various systematic errors. They are induced by a complete set of other physical effects acting upon the satellites to be employed [4]. Such perturbations are often quite larger than the relativistic effects investigated and induce systematic errors to be correctly evaluated and assessed. Many of these aliasing effects are traditionally investigated by geophysics and space geodesy, so that such experiments are multidisciplinary efforts which cover many scientific areas until now separated [5, 6]. Indeed, the expansion of the SLR network, together with improved system accuracies, has enabled the laser data to contribute directly to improving orbit force models. It allows one to calculate more accurately, among other things, the error budget of many
* Range encoding: an algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitised message

Redundancy in a message can be thought of as consisting of contextual redundancy and alphabetic redundancy. The first is illustrated by the fact that the letter Q is nearly always followed by the letter U, the second by the fact that the letter E is far more common than the letter X. Range encoding is an algorithm for removing both sorts of redundancy. Since Huffman [1] published his paper in 1952 there has been a number of papers, e.g. [2], describing techniques for removing alphabetical redundancy, mostly generating prefix codes, and mostly transforming the messages into a bit string. The usual aim of such techniques is to reduce the quantity of storage required to hold a message. In the last fifteen years the growth of telemetry has increased interest in techniques for removing contextual redundancy. Many of these techniques approximate the message, rather than simply remove redundancy. Such techniques are often analog, and include transmitting the difference between a measured signal and a prediction of that measurement, or varying the rate at which a value is sampled according to the recent measurements of that value [3,4]. The output of such techniques may be a signal of generally low amplitude, or an intermittent signal ; the usual aim being to decrease the power consumed by a transmitter, or to reduce the risk of a circuit or recording medium being overloaded. Many techniques are almost optimal in a wide variety of situations, but none are universally applicable. In contrast, range encoding may be used to remove all the redundancy that we can describe in any digitised message. It can produce encodings to any base. Nomenclature We shall consider an uncoded or decoded message as a string of letters drawn from an alphabet, and an encoded message as a string of digits to a given base, thus it will be obvious whether we are talking about an encoded message or an uncoded one. We shall require the probability of a given letter occuring in any given context to be described by a frequency algorithm. We shall illustrate our algorithm by encoding and decoding a message composed of letters drawn from the alphabet {K,L,M,N}, and forming an encoded string of digits to base ten.
Overcoming the Elusive Problem of IS/IT Alignment: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

IS/IT alignment has consistently been identified as a top concern of senior IS/IT executives. Although organizations intuitively expect benefits from IS/IT alignment, many struggle to create alignment. Because the mechanisms which develop alignment are likely to be different for each organization, research must provide practice with a comprehensive conceptualization of alignment. Conceptualizations of alignment are presented. Methodological considerations of assessing alignment are addressed in the context of a research project that tests a model of fit as a significant component in IS/IT alignment.
Synthesis of robust beamforming weights in linear antenna arrays

An innovative method for the synthesis of robust beam-forming weights of linear antenna arrays is presented in this work. Starting from user-defined mask power constraints, the configuration of the amplitude weights is optimized by means of a hybrid tool integrating the Interval Analysis (IA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to maximize the resilience of the weight coefficients with respect to possible tolerances while guaranteeing the satisfaction of the given constraints on the arising power pattern. A representative result is reported and discussed to show the behavior of the proposed approach and its specificity in comparison with other techniques already presented in the state-of-the-art literature.
A UWB repeater with a short relaying-delay for range extension

UWB is limited in short range communication because it is necessary to have a limitation on UWB transmitting power density as a rule to avoid the interference with existing narrow-band communication systems. In hence, for the UWB short range low power communication limited in range, we need a short-range, multi-hop strategy relaying the UWB signal to achieve greater range and also some improvements should be investigated to shorten the relaying-delay caused by the relay of the UWB signal. In this paper, we first focus on the need of relaying UWB signals and then investigate the use of a repeater on the relaying of the UWB signal. After considering the problem of the conventional repeater for relaying the UWB signal, in particular on the area of the coupling interference and relaying-delay, this paper proposes a short range UWB system having a simple-structured PPM UWB repeater, which can relay the PPM (pulse-position-modulation) UWB signal with a short relaying-delay in the high-speed and delay-critical UWB communication environment. And also this paper investigates the special relaying method of switching control which can make it possible that the proposed PPM UWB repeater has no coupling interference and short relaying-delay.
Controlled growth orientation of carbon nanotube pillars by catalyst patterning in microtrenches

We present a novel method for controlling the growth orientation of individual carbon nanotube (CNT) microstructures on a silicon wafer substrate. Our method controls the CNT forest orientation by patterning the catalyst layer used in the CNTs growth on slanted KOH edges. The overlap of catalyst area on the horizontal bottom and sloped sidewall surfaces of the KOH-etched substrate enables precise variation of the growth direction. These inclined structures can profit from the outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties of CNTs and can therefore improve the performance of several MEMS devices. Inclined CNT microstructures could for instance be used as cantilever springs in probe card arrays, as tips in dip-pen lithography, and as sensing element in advanced transducers.
Ultra-Low-Power Digital Design with Body Biasing for Low Area and Performance-Efficient Operation

We present a design methodology towards minimum-area maximum-performance designs in sub-/ near-threshold operation. Our methodology is based on a new metric called performance-per-area. Unlike conventional gate sizing, we use forward body biasing at synthesis time to render faster, smaller and more energy-efficient circuits. Our theory introduces body biasing into delay and energy models in the form of nonlinear derating functions that can easily be fitted to a technology node. The methodology is validated using an industrial microprocessor consisting of approximately 31 K gates and 3.7 K flip-flops in CMOS 90 nm. We obtain 4.2x better EDP, 3.8x higher speed and 9% smaller area than the non-body-biased counterpart.
Differentiating among pragmatic uses of words through timed sensicality judgments

Pragmatic and cognitive accounts of figurative language posit a difference between metaphor and metonymy in terms of underlying conceptual operations. Recently, other pragmatic uses of words have been accounted for in the Relevance Theory framework, such as approximation, described in terms of conceptual adjustment that varies in degree and direction with respect to the case of metaphor. Despite the theoretical distinctions, there is very poor experimental evidence addressing the metaphor/metonymy distinction, and none concerning approximation. Here we used meticulously built materials to investigate the interpretation mechanisms of these three phenomena through timed sensicality judgments. Results revealed that interpreting metaphors and approximations differs from literal interpretation both in accuracy and reaction times, with higher difficulty and costs for metaphors than for approximations. This suggests similar albeit gradual interpretative costs, in line with the latest account of Relevance Theory. Metonymy, on the contrary, almost equates literal comprehension and calls for a theoretical distinction from metaphor. Overall, this work represents a first attempt to provide an empirical basis for a theory-sound and psychologically-grounded taxonomy of figurative and loose uses of language.