Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurogenin 3 Expressing Cells in the Human Exocrine Pancreas Have the Capacity for Endocrine Cell Fate

Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) is necessary and sufficient for endocrine differentiation during pancreatic development and is expressed by a population of progenitor cells that give rise exclusively to hormone-secreting cells within islets. NGN3 protein can be detected in the adult rodent pancreas only following certain types of injury, when it is transiently expressed by exocrine cells undergoing reprogramming to an endocrine cell fate. Here, NGN3 protein can be detected in 2% of acinar and duct cells in living biopsies of histologically normal adult human pancreata and 10% in cadaveric biopsies of organ donor pancreata. The percentage and total number of NGN3+ cells increase during culture without evidence of proliferation or selective cell death. Isolation of highly purified and viable NGN3+ cell populations can be achieved based on coexpression of the cell surface glycoprotein CD133. Transcriptome and targeted expression analyses of isolated CD133+ / NGN3+ cells indicate that they are distinct from surrounding exocrine tissue with respect to expression phenotype and Notch signaling activity, but retain high level mRNA expression of genes indicative of acinar and duct cell function. NGN3+ cells have an mRNA expression profile that resembles that of mouse early endocrine progenitor cells. During in vitro differentiation, NGN3+ cells express genes in a pattern characteristic of endocrine development and result in cells that resemble beta cells on the basis of coexpression of insulin C-peptide, chromogranin A and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1. NGN3 expression in the adult human exocrine pancreas marks a dedifferentiating cell population with the capacity to take on an endocrine cell fate. These cells represent a potential source for the treatment of diabetes either through ex vivo manipulation, or in vivo by targeting mechanisms controlling their population size and endocrine cell fate commitment.
Spatial Scheduling With Interference Cancellation in Multiuser MIMO Systems

This paper proposes a novel downlink spatial scheduling algorithm in multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which selects a good combination of terminals and base station's (BS's) transmit beams so that the BS's beams nullify interstream interference at the selected terminals. In the derivation process, we reveal the new property that the optimization problem of downlink spatial scheduling is equivalent to that of uplink scheduling under the BS's zero-forcing beamforming. Using this property, an efficient downlink scheduling algorithm is presented, applying the principle of an uplink scheduling algorithm. Numerical results show that the presented spatial scheduling achieves a much higher system throughput than a multiuser MIMO system without spatial scheduling or with conventional spatial scheduling by linear processing. We also present a realistic control structure to achieve the uplink and downlink spatial scheduling in time-division duplex systems.
VERTa: Linguistic features in MT evaluation

In the last decades, a wide range of automatic metrics that use linguistic knowledge has been developed. Some of them are based on lexical information, such as METEOR; others rely on the use of syntax, either using constituent or dependency analysis; and others use semantic information, such as Named Entities and semantic roles. All these metrics work at a specific linguistic level, but some researchers have tried to combine linguistic information, either by combining several metrics following a machine-learning approach or focusing on the combination of a wide variety of metrics in a simple and straightforward way. However, little research has been conducted on how to combine linguistic features from a linguistic point of view. In this paper we present VERTa, a metric which aims at using and combining a wide variety of linguistic features at lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic level. We provide a description of the metric and report some preliminary experiments which will help us to discuss the use and combination of certain linguistic features in order to improve the metric performance
GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEMS

The n×m minimum-makespan general job-shop scheduling problem, hereafter referred to as the JSSP, can be described by a set of n jobs {Ji}1≤j≤n which is to be processed on a set of m machines {Mr}1≤r≤m. Each job has a technological sequence of machines to be processed. The processing of job Jj on machine Mr is called the operation Ojr. Operation Ojr requires the exclusive use of Mr for an uninterrupted duration pjr, its processing time. A schedule is a set of completion times for each operation {cjr}1≤j≤n,1≤r≤m that satisfies those constraints. The time required to complete all the jobs is called the makespan L. The objective when solving or optimizing this general problem is to determine the schedule which minimizes L. An example of a 3 × 3 JSSP is given in Table 1. The data includes the routing of each job through each machine and the processing time for each operation (in parentheses). Figure 1 shows a solution for the problem represented by “Gantt-Chart”.
Is There Really a Black Hole at the Center of NGC 4041? Constraints from Gas Kinematics

We present Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra of the Sbc spiral galaxy NGC 4041, which were used to map the velocity field of the gas in its nuclear region. We detect the presence of a compact (r ≃ 0.″4 ≃ 40 pc), high surface brightness, rotating nuclear disk cospatial with a nuclear star cluster. The disk is characterized by a rotation curve with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~40 km s-1 and is systematically blueshifted by ~10-20 km s-1 with respect to the galaxy systemic velocity. With the standard assumption of constant mass-to-light ratio and with the nuclear disk inclination taken from the outer disk, we find that a dark point mass of (1) × 107 M☉ is needed to reproduce the observed rotation curve. However, the observed blueshift suggests the possibility that the nuclear disk could be dynamically decoupled. Following this line of reasoning, we relax the standard assumptions and find that the kinematical data can be accounted for by the stellar mass provided that either the central mass-to-light ratio is increased by a factor of ~2 or the inclination is allowed to vary. This model results in a 3 σ upper limit of 6 × 106 M☉ on the mass of any nuclear black hole (BH). Overall, our analysis only allows us to set an upper limit of 2 × 107 M☉ on the mass of the nuclear BH. If this upper limit is taken in conjunction with an estimated bulge B magnitude of -17.7 and with a central stellar velocity dispersion of ≃95 km s-1, then these results are not inconsistent with both the MBH-Lsph and the MBH-σ* correlations. Constraints on BH masses in spiral galaxies of types as late as Sbc are still very scarce; therefore, the present result adds an important new data point to our understanding of BH demography.
A parallel algorithm for fault simulation based on PROOFS

Fault simulation for sequential circuits numbers among the highly compute intensive tasks in the integrated circuit design process. In the quest for rapid design turn around, parallelization has been proposed to speed fault simulation. We introduce ProperPROOFS, a parallel extension of the PROOFS fault simulation package. ProperPROOFS exploits parallelism based on fault partitioning, incorporating static and dynamic partitioning schemes and a new asynchronous and distributed method of fault redistribution. We present results for circuits in the ISCAS-89 benchmark set across several parallel architectures. A detailed evaluation of results provides new insight into the use of fault partitioning to parallelize high performance serial fault simulation applications.
Evaluation of Lightning Current From Magnetic Field Based on Deconvolution Method

This article proposes the deconvolution method to evaluate the lightning channel-base current from the lightning magnetic field. We have verified the method using the magnetic field with/;without noises. The deconvolution results are both in good agreement with the simulated current. Also, we have discussed the deconvolution results when the condition number of the deconvolution matrix, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U_{{0}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>, is different, and found that the deconvolution results will oscillate if the condition number of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U_{{0}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is very large. Note that the deconvolution method presented in this paper also works when using other engineering current models, such as transmission line (TL) model, and the modified TL model with exponential current decaying with height model, and so on. The deconvolution method is an efficient method to evaluate the lightning channel-base current from the electromagnetic field. This approach is also useful in research related to lightning characteristics and lightning protection.
Energy Introspector: Coordinated Architecture-Level Simulation of Processor Physics

Increased power and heat dissipation in microprocessors impose limitations on performance scaling. Power and thermal management techniques coupled with workload dynamics cause increasing spatiotemporal variations in electrical and thermal stresses. The coupling between various physical phenomena (e.g., power, temperature, reliability, delay) will be critical to microarchitectural operations in future processors. Thus, we need modeling tools to enable the exploration of such physical interactions and drive development of microarchitectural solutions. This paper introduces a novel framework, Energy Introspector (EI), for the coordinated simulation of microarchitecture and physics models. The EI framework features flexible modeling of processor component hierarchy that enables simulating different microarchitecture and package designs. The proposed framework uses standardized interface to drive different implementations of physics models and captures their interactions. The EI supports parallel computation of models in anticipation of large-scale simulations (e.g., high core-count processors). We present a case study using the EI framework to assess reliability and performance tradeoffs with a full-system cycle-level simulation of an asymmetric chip multiprocessor (ACMP).
Adjustments and measures of differential expression for microarray data

MOTIVATION Existing analyses of microarray data often incorporate an obscure data normalization procedure applied prior to data analysis. For example, ratios of microarray channels intensities are normalized to have common mean over the set of genes. We made an attempt to understand the meaning of such procedures from the modeling point of view, and to formulate the model assumptions that underlie them. Given a considerable diversity of data adjustment procedures, the question of their performance, comparison and ranking for various microarray experiments was of interest. RESULTS A two-step statistical procedure is proposed: data transformation (adjustment for slide-specific effect) followed by a statistical test applied to transformed data. Various methods of analysis for differential expression are compared using simulations and real data on colon cancer cell lines. We found that robust categorical adjustments outperform the ones based on a precisely defined stochastic model, including some commonly used procedures.
Engineering ethics cases for electrical and computer engineering students

Rarely is electrical technology at the focus of the classic case studies used in engineering ethics courses and textbooks. This makes it sometimes difficult to excite and to motivate electrical and computer engineering students to study and discuss these cases. In teaching engineering ethics to these students, it can be valuable to employ case studies that involve technical issues that electrical and computer engineers have already studied in other courses. In this paper, four engineering ethics case studies covering topics that have been shown to interest electrical and computer engineering students are presented.
IRIE: Scalable and Robust Influence Maximization in Social Networks

Influence maximization is the problem of selecting top k seed nodes in a social network to maximize their influence coverage under certain influence diffusion models. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm IRIE that integrates the advantages of influence ranking (IR) and influence estimation (IE) methods for influence maximization in both the independent cascade (IC) model and its extension IC-N that incorporates negative opinion propagations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that IRIE matches the influence coverage of other algorithms while scales much better than all other algorithms. Moreover IRIE is much more robust and stable than other algorithms both in running time and memory usage for various density of networks and cascade size. It runs up to two orders of magnitude faster than other state-of-the-art algorithms such as PMIA for large networks with tens of millions of nodes and edges, while using only a fraction of memory.
Recent improvements in BBN's English/Iraqi speech-to-speech translation system

We report on recent improvements in our English/Iraqi Arabic speech-to-speech translation system. User interface improvements include a novel parallel approach to user confirmation which makes confirmation cost-free in terms of dialog duration. Automatic speech recognition improvements include the incorporation of state-of-the-art techniques in feature transformation and discriminative training. Machine translation improvements include a novel combination of multiple alignments derived from various pre-processing techniques, such as Arabic segmentation and English word compounding, higher order N-grams for target language model, and use of context in form of semantic classes and part-of-speech tags.
Standard Selection Modes in Dynamic, Complex Industries: Creating Hybrids between Market Selection and Negotiated Selection of Standards

Several sectors within Information and Communication Technology demonstrate a shift from purely market-based selection of standards or purely negotiated selection of standards to hybrid selection processes, where both market competition and negotiation play a role. Negotiated standard setting processes (such as those organised by the ITU) assure interoperability of technical components and services. Private firms, however, increasingly tend to undercut these collective actions. Their innovations jump-start new developments, but also create incompatibilities, lock-in effects, and pockets of market power. Internet telephony is an example, where firms, standard setting alliances, and political institutions create a hybrid market-based / negotiated standard setting environment. The paper explores the development of this hybrid networking environment. It posits propositions which are illustrated by means of case studies of the DVD and Internet telephony.
Task context and organization 1 Running head: TASK CONTEXT AND ORGANIZATION Task context and organization in free recall

Prior work on organization in free recall has focused on the ways in which semantic and temporal information determine the order in which material is retrieved from memory. Tulving’s theory of ecphory suggests that these organizational effects arise during the recall process, through the interaction of a retrieval cue with the contents of memory. Using the continual-distraction free-recall paradigm (Bjork & Whitten, 1974) to minimize retrieval during the study period, we show that encoding task context can organize recall, suggesting that task-related information is part of the retrieval cue. We interpret these results in terms of the Context Maintenance and Retrieval model (CMR; Polyn, Norman, and Kahana, submitted), in which an internal contextual representation, containing semantic, temporal, and source-related information, serves as the retrieval cue and organizes the retrieval of information from memory. We discuss these results in terms of the guided activation theory (Miller & Cohen, 2001) of the role of prefrontal cortex in task performance, as well as the rich neuropsychological literature implicating prefrontal cortex in memory search (e.g, Schacter, 1987).
The state of the art in distributed query processing

Distributed data processing is becoming a reality. Businesses want to do it for many reasons, and they often must do it in order to stay competitive. While much of the infrastructure for distributed data processing is already there (e.g., modern network technology), a number of issues make distributed data processing still a complex undertaking: (1) distributed systems can become very large, involving thousands of heterogeneous sites including PCs and mainframe server machines; (2) the state of a distributed system changes rapidly because the load of sites varies over time and new sites are added to the system; (3) legacy systems need to be integrated—such legacy systems usually have not been designed for distributed data processing and now need to interact with other (modern) systems in a distributed environment. This paper presents the state of the art of query processing for distributed database and information systems. The paper presents the “textbook” architecture for distributed query processing and a series of techniques that are particularly useful for distributed database systems. These techniques include special join techniques, techniques to exploit intraquery paralleli sm, techniques to reduce communication costs, and techniques to exploit caching and replication of data. Furthermore, the paper discusses different kinds of distributed systems such as client-server, middleware (multitier), and heterogeneous database systems, and shows how query processing works in these systems.
Obtaining accurate mean velocity measurements in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers using Pitot tubes

Abstract This article reports on one component of a larger study on measurement of the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent flat plate boundary layer, in which a detailed investigation was conducted of the suite of corrections required for mean velocity measurements performed using Pitot tubes. In particular, the corrections for velocity shear across the tube and for blockage effects which occur when the tube is in close proximity to the wall were investigated using measurements from Pitot tubes of five different diameters, in two different facilities, and at five different Reynolds numbers ranging from ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 11\hspace{0.167em} 100$ to 67 000. Only small differences were found amongst commonly used corrections for velocity shear, but improvements were found for existing near-wall proximity corrections. Corrections for the nonlinear averaging of the velocity fluctuations were also investigated, and the results compared to hot-wire data taken as part of the same measurement campaign. The streamwise turbulence-intensity correction was found to be of comparable magnitude to that of the shear correction, and found to bring the hot-wire and Pitot results into closer agreement when applied to the data, along with the other corrections discussed and refined here.
Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches, evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

Abstract This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm2 and 4330 N/mm2, respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm2) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.
Investigation of Mediastinitis Due to Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci After Cardiothoracic Surgery

Six cases of coagulase-negative staphylococcal mediastinitis were identified in the latter half of 1999. A new preoperative cleansing solution was suspected by hospital staff to be a factor in the outbreak. We evaluated this possible risk factor along with other known and suspected surgical site infection risk factors in this case-control study.
Guidelines for the Use of Vibro-Tactile Displays in Human Computer Interaction

Vibro-tactile displays convey messages by presenting vibration to the user’s skin. In recent years, the interest in and application of vibro-tactile displays is growing. Vibratory displays are introduced in mobile devices, desktop applications and even in aircraft [1]. Despite the growing interest, guidelines on the design of vibro-tactile displays are still lacking. Existing guidelines are mainly concerned with passive displays, such as Braille labels on controls, nibs on keyboards and notches on smart cards [2, 3, 4]. In this paper we focus on active displays, either consisting of a single vibrating element (used in for example mobile phones and computer mice) or numerous elements (used in for example active Braille displays and body suits [5, 6]). This paper discusses a first set of guidelines, dealing with the basic vibro-tactile parameters. The set is mainly derived from neurophysiological and psychophysical data. The guidelines indicate the relevant parameters as well as possible pitfalls. As such they can serve as a point of departure for interface designers. Important expansions of the set can come from user evaluation studies and examples of best practices.
Data Editing Techniques to Allow the Application of Distance-Based Outlier Detection to Streams

The problem of finding outliers in data has broad applications in areas as diverse as data cleaning, fraud detection, network monitoring, invasive species monitoring, etc. While there are dozens of techniques that have been proposed to solve this problem for static data collections, very simple distance-based outlier detection methods are known to be competitive or superior to more complex methods. However, distance-based methods have time and space complexities that make them impractical for streaming data and/or resource limited sensors. In this work, we show that simple data-editing techniques can make distance-based outlier detection practical for very fast streams and resource limited sensors. Our technique generalizes to produce two algorithms, which, relative to the original algorithm, can guarantee to produce no false positives, or guarantee to produce no false negatives. Our methods are independent of both data type and distance measure, and are thus broadly applicable.