Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple informants and asymmetric interactions of mutual trust in dyadic business relationships

Purpose – The objective of this research is to describe and apply a method with which to measure and evaluate mutual trust in dyadic business relationships with both one‐to‐one and multiple informants, as well as symmetric and asymmetric interactions.Design/methodology/approach – Application of the perceptual bi‐directionality method, i.e. the PBD‐method, is introduced in this context to measure and evaluate the relationship properties of mutual trust in the context of one‐to‐one and multiple informants, as well as the symmetric and asymmetric interactions, in dyadic business relationships.Findings – The overall impression of the mutual trust in the studied relationships is that they are well balanced. It may erroneous, since there may be balance deficiencies between the various trust dimensions. The stepwise evaluation of a case example reveals that there are substantial differences between the various trust dimensions measured in the dyadic business relationship.Research limitations/implications – It is.
Dual Processor Performance Characterization for XML Application-Oriented Networking

There is a growing trend to insert application intelligence into network devices. Processors in this type of application-oriented networking (AON) devices are required to handle both packet-level network I/O intensive operations as well as XML message-level CPU intensive operations. In this paper, we investigate performance effect of dual processing via (1) hyperthreading, (2) uni-processor to dual- processor, and (3) single-core to dual-core, on both packet-level and XML message-level traffic. We analyze and cross-examine the dual processing effect from both high-level performance as well as processor microarchitectural perspectives. We employ on-chip performance counters to measure cycles per instruction, cache misses, bus utilization, and branch miss predictions for this work. Our results show a significant improvement in dual-core Pentium M processor over Hyperthreaded Xeon processor for AON workload. These results will not only provide insight to processor designers, but also help architects of AON devices to select from alternative processors with restrictions to use one or two physical CPUs due to space and power consumption limitations.
Learning to Teach with Two Mentors: Revisiting the “Two-Worlds Pitfall” in Student Teaching

Research on learning to teach repeatedly cites the disjuncture in teaching practices promoted across universities and K–12 schools. Much of the literature that is focused on this “two-worlds pitfall” (Feiman-Nemser & Buchmann, 1985) describes the influence of cooperating teachers' more traditional teaching practices on teacher candidates' developing practice. This article, however, provides a case study of a student teacher whose commitment to social constructivist practices was reinforced by the intersection of competing views of teaching and mentoring that collided during her student teaching. We highlight the significant impact of the cooperating teacher's approach to mentoring—more so than teaching—on a student teacher's developing practice. We conclude with recommendations for supporting student and cooperating teachers to develop shared understandings of the purpose of student teaching and mentoring and to engage in educative dialogues about teaching that support the cross-institutional negotiations inherent in mentoring and learning to teach.
Women, Pregnancy, and Health Information Online

While the Internet has emerged as a significant resource for women negotiating the questions and circumstances that arise during conception, pregnancy and childbirth, it remains unclear what role the Internet plays in challenging the current biomedical paradigm and empowering women to make meaningful choices. This article explores how women use the Internet to manage their pregnancies and mediate their doctor–patient relationships, particularly examining the role of social class and personal health history in shaping such Internet use. Drawing from in-depth interviews with white middle-class mothers, the findings show that rather than using technology to resist the dominant biomedical paradigm, most women turned to online resources that affirmed mainstream medical authority and continued to rely on their doctors. By providing the means to confirm normalcy and take control in their reproductive experiences, the Internet enables socially privileged women to more fully perform the informed patient role in order to demonstrate their competence as mothers.
Oncolytic polio virotherapy of cancer

Recently, the century‐old idea of targeting cancer with viruses (oncolytic viruses) has come of age, and promise has been documented in early stage and several late‐stage clinical trials in a variety of cancers. Although originally prized for their direct tumor cytotoxicity (oncolytic virotherapy), recently, the proinflammatory and immunogenic effects of viral tumor infection (oncolytic immunotherapy) have come into focus. Indeed, a capacity for eliciting broad, sustained antineoplastic effects stemming from combined direct viral cytotoxicity, innate antiviral activation, stromal proinflammatory stimulation, and recruitment of adaptive immune effector responses is the greatest asset of oncolytic viruses. However, it also is the source for enormous mechanistic complexity that must be considered for successful clinical translation. Because of fundamentally different relationships with their hosts (malignant or not), diverse replication strategies, and distinct modes of tumor cytotoxicity/killing, oncolytic viruses should not be referred to collectively. These agents must be evaluated based on their individual merits. In this review, the authors highlight key mechanistic principles of cancer treatment with the polio:rhinovirus chimera PVSRIPO and their implications for oncolytic immunotherapy in the clinic. Cancer 2014;120:3277–3286. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Impact of Internet Use on Scholarly Productivity

Variables measuring the nature and level of Internet usage by natural scientists improve the explanatory power of a traditional bibliographic model of scholarly productivity. The data used to construct these variables come from the log files generated by the internal accounting modules of the UNIX operating system. The effects of Internet usage on productivity are quantifiable, and it is possible to calculate tradeoffs between Internet usage and the more traditional inputs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Universal quantum information compression and degrees of prior knowledge

We describe a universal information–compression scheme that compresses any pure quantum independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) source asymptotically to its von Neumann entropy, with no prior knowledge of the structure of the source. We introduce a diagonalization procedure that enables any classical compression algorithm to be used in a quantum context. Our scheme is then based on the corresponding quantum translation of the classical Lempel–Ziv algorithm. Our methods lead to a conceptually simple way of estimating the entropy of a source in terms of the measurement of an associated length parameter while maintaining high fidelity for long blocks. As a byproduct we also estimate the eigenbasis of the source. Since our scheme is based on the Lempel–Ziv method, it can potentially be applied also to non–i.i. d. sources that satisfy some further regularity conditions.
Aligning More Words with High Precision for Small Bilingual Corpora

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for aligning words with their translation in a bilingual corpus. Conventional algorithms are based on word-by-word models which require bilingual data with hundreds of thousand sentences for training. By using a word-based approach, less frequent words or words with diverse translations generally do not have statistically significant evidence for confident alignment. Consequently, incomplete or incorrect alignments occur. Our algorithm attempts to handle the problem using class-based rules which are automatic acquired from bilingual materials such as a bilingual corpus or machine readable dictionary. The procedures for acquiring these rules is also described. We found that the algorithm can align over 80% of word pairs while maintaining a comparably high precision rate, even when a small corpus was used in training. The algorithm also poses the advantage of producing a tagged corpus for word sense disambiguation.
Opportunistic Resource Sharing in Mobile Cloud Computing

The mobile cloud computing (MCC) paradigm is aimed at integrating mobile devices with cloud computing. In the client-server architecture of MCC, mobile devices offload tasks to the cloud to utilize the computation and storage resources of data centers. However, due to the rapid increase in the traffic demand and complexity of mobile applications, service providers have to continuously upgrade their infrastructures at great expense. At the same time, modern mobile devices have greater resources (communication, computation, and sensing), and these resources are not always fully utilized by device users. Therefore, mobile devices, from time to time, encounter other devices that could provide resources to them. Because the amount of such resources has increased with the number of mobile devices, researchers have begun to consider making use of these resources, located at the “edge” of mobile networks, to increase the scalability of future information networks. This has led to a cooperation based architecture of MCC. This paper reports the concept and design of an resource sharing mechanism that utilize resources in mobile devices through opportunistic contacts between them. Theoretical models and formal definitions of problems are presented. The efficiency of the proposed mechanism is validated through formal proofs and extensive simulation.
The effects of continuous testosterone exposure on spontaneous and cadmium-induced tumors in the male Fischer (F344/NCr) rat: loss of testicular response.

In the rodent testes, cadmium induces severe necrosis followed by chronic degeneration. Cadmium is also an effective testicular tumorigen, and a single dose produces a high incidence of Leydig cell tumors. The mechanism of tumor formation is unknown, but pituitary feedback, i.e., increased luteinizing hormone (LH) production due to low circulating androgen, has been implicated in causation of proliferative lesions within degenerate, hypofunctioning testes. Thus, the effects of androgen replacement on the testicular toxicity of cadmium in Fischer (F344/NCr) rats was studied. Groups (n = 50) of 10-week-old rats either received testosterone implants that approximate normal circulating levels in castrated rats or were left untreated. After 2 weeks of stabilization, rats were given either 20 micromol CdCl2/kg, s.c. , weekly for the next 5 weeks (total dose 100 micromol/kg) or saline for a total of four treatment groups (control, testosterone alone, testosterone + cadmium, or cadmium alone). Portions of each group were killed either 10 weeks after initiation of cadmium exposure (n = 10), for assessment of endocrine function, or over the next 2 years (n = 40), for assessment of testicular neoplastic lesions. At 10 weeks, cadmium reduced circulating testosterone in nonimplanted rats by nearly 80% and induced a marked weight loss of the testes (>70%) and sex accessory glands (reflected in a 50% reduction in prostate mass). Testosterone implantation restored circulating testosterone levels in cadmium-treated rats and prevented Cd-induced weight loss of the sex accessory glands but not of the testes. Over 2 years, cadmium alone induced a >84% incidence of Leydig cell neoplasia and a >97% incidence of chronic degeneration, both significant increases over control rates (60 and 0%, respectively). Testosterone implantation abolished both cadmium-induced and spontaneously occurring Leydig cell tumors but had no effect on cadmium-induced chronic testicular degeneration. Thus cadmium-induced hypofunction of the testes, and subsequent loss of circulating testosterone, appears to be a critical aspect in cadmium induction of tumors in the rat testes.
Brain Aβ amyloidosis in APPsw mice induces accumulation of presenilin‐1 and tau

APPsw transgenic mice (Tg2576) overproducing mutant amyloid β protein precursor (βAPP) show substantial brain Aβ amyloidosis and behavioural abnormalities. To clarify the subsequent abnormalities, the disappearance of neurons and synapses and dystrophic neurite formation with accumulated proteins including hyperphosphorylated tau were examined. Tg2576 demonstrated substantial giant core plaques and diffuse plaques. The number of neurons was significantly decreased in the areas containing the amyloid cores compared with all other areas and corresponding areas in non‐transgenic littermates in sections visualized by Nissl plus Congo red double staining (p<0.001). The presynaptic protein α‐synuclein and postsynaptic protein drebrin were also absent in the amyloid cores. βAPP and presenilin‐1 were accumulated in dystrophic neurites in and around the core plaques. Tau phosphorylated at five independent sites was detected in the dystrophic neurites in the amyloid cores. Thus, the giant core plaques replaced normal brain tissues and were associated with subsequent pathological features such as dystrophic neurites and the appearance of hyperphosphorylated tau. These findings suggest a potential role for brain Aβ amyloidosis in the induction of secondary pathological steps leading to mental disturbance in Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial characterization of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean

The combined application of two independent methods for phosphorus (P i determination in seawater, continuous‐flow UV photodecomposition and magnesium‐induced coprecipitation (MAGIC), was used to provide a partial characterization of the dissolved P pools at Sta. ALOHA (22°45′N, 158°W) in tl e oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Comprehensive laboratory analyses of the UV light‐induced photodecomposition of a variety of specific organic P compounds dissolved in seawater confirmed that submicromolar concentrations of monophosphate compounds could be analytically separated from nucleotide di‐ and triphosphates based upon a previously described temperature‐controlled low‐pressure, mercury vapor UV irradiation treatment. When combined with a recently described high‐precision P‐detection system, the total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in seawater could be reproducibly subdivided into three chemically distinct pools: soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; presumably dominated by orthophosphate), UVlabile phosphorus (PUV‐L; containing primarily monophosphate esters), and UV‐stable phosphorus (PUV‐S; containing primarily nucleotide di‐ and triphosphates, nucleic acids, and other compounds that are resistant to the UV treatment). Field application of these procedures to samples collected at Sta. ALOHA during the period September 1991 to March 1992 (HOT‐30 to HOT‐35) revealed the presence of all three operationally defined pools. In the upper portion of the water column (0–100 m) the TDP pool (29.26 ± 2.32 mmol P m−2) contained, on average, 23% SRP, 26% PUV‐S, and 51% With increasing depth, the concentration of P decreased while that of the PUV‐S pool increased; the PUVL,: PUV‐S ratios decreased from values of 2–5 in the upper water column to ≤ 1.0 at 200 m.
Graham Hollinshead and

Since the start of the transformation in Eastern Europe in late 1989, there has been a marked increase in training programmes and activities designed to modernize human capital in the region. Many of the initiatives are financed by the EU or other western sources and led by western training providers. This article deals with classroom training activities as a particular mechanism for developmental activity for post-socialist managers. Its empirical basis is a four-year training project that took place in Bulgaria from 1992 to 1996. The educators and trainers were from various EU countries while the trainees were Bulgarian middle and top level managers from private and state owned organizations. The article commences by considering why the western commitment to experiential learning appears to be compromised when trainers travel East, and relates this to broader issues of knowledge creation, ownership and transfer. As a prelude to describing the training programme itself we provide a brief insight into Bulgarian culture and then reveal trainee perceptions as to the value of the training initiative. We conclude by suggesting that if such training is to be meaningful to audiences in the post-command economies the principles of experiential learning need to be both reasserted and modified.
Model of forebrain regionalization based on spatiotemporal patterns of POU‐III homeobox gene expression, birthdates, and morphological features

In situ hybridization was used to map spatiotemporal expression patterns of the four known intronless POU‐III transcription factor genes Brn‐1, Brn‐2, Brn‐4, and Tst‐1 in the developing rat forebrain vesicle, beginning on embryonic day 10. The results indicate that the proliferation layers (ventricular and subventricular) and mantle layer of the forebrain neural tube each display a strikingly unique pattern of regionalized POU‐III expression. Within a particular region, or layer within a region, none to all four of the mRNAs may be detected, and during development a particular mRNA in a particular region displays one of five expression patterns, or a combination of these patterns, which may be described as conserved, lost, transient, acquired, or redeployed expression. In the developing brain as a whole, Brn‐1 and Brn‐2 early on display somewhat different spatial expression patterns that converge to essential identity in the adult, whereas Brn‐4 expression is initially broad and becomes much more restricted in the adult, and Tst‐1 expression expands greatly through development. Usually, though not always, expression patterns tend to correlate with major histological features in the forebrain (often internal or external sulci associated with proliferation zones), and little evidence for waves of expression moving through the whole forebrain over time was obtained. Thus, clear differences in hybridization intensity often are observed between the cerebral cortex, basal telencephalic nuclei, hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, dorsal thalamus, and pretectal region. In contrast, transverse bands of hybridization extending from the roof to the floor of the forebrain, corresponding to proposed neuromeres, were not observed with these probes. The results suggest that POU‐III transcription factors help define specific regions in the early neuroepithelium as well as different cellular phenotypes in the ventricular, subventricular, and mantle layers of specific regions later in development. Thus, the functions of these regulatory proteins may be different in proliferating neuroepithelial cells, young neurons, and mature neurons and appear to be region‐specific.
Tracking with spatial constrained coding

A video tracking method based on spatial constrained coding (SCC) is proposed in this study. To characterise local image structure information, the dense scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor is extracted for each pixel in the image. The proposed tracking method uses SCC model which adopts a new constrained strategy – weighted code, which is achieved by considering the sum of the weighted codes based on grey values of neighbouring pixels and distances between them. The proposed model is able to obtain robust code of corresponding pixels in the frames of complex scenes by taking spatial information into account, which enhances the stability of coding and makes the tracker more robust for object tracking. Twelve challenging sequences involving partial or full occlusion, large pose variation and drastic illumination change are chosen to test the proposed method. The experimental results show the proposed method performs excellent in comparison with other previously proposed trackers.
Soft real-time communication over ethernet with adaptive traffic smoothing

Due to the low price and robustness resulting from its wide acceptance and deployment, Ethernet has become an attractive candidate for real-time control networks. However, it is difficult to build a real-time control network using the standard Ethernet because the Ethernet MAC protocol-1-persistent CSMA/CD protocol-may cause unpredictable access delay. When both real-time and nonreal-time packets are concurrently transported over an ordinary Ethernet, real-time (RT) packets from a node may experience a large delay due to 1) contention with nonRT packets in the local node where they originate and 2) collision with RT and nonRT packets from the other nodes. To resolve this problem, we design, implement, and evaluate an adaptive traffic smoother. Specifically, we design two adaptive traffic smoothers, one at the kernel level and the other at the user level. The kernel-level traffic smoother is installed between the IP layer and the Ethernet MAC layer for better performance, and the user-level traffic smoother is installed on top of the transport layer for better portability. The kernel-level traffic smoother first gives RT packets priority over nonRT packets in order to eliminate contention within the local node. Second, it smoothes nonRT traffic so as to reduce collision with RT packets from the other nodes. This traffic smoothing can dramatically decrease the packet-collision probability on the network. The traffic smoother, installed at each node, regulates the node's outgoing nonRT traffic to maintain a certain rate. In order to provide a reasonable nonRT throughput while providing probabilistic delay guarantees for RT traffic, the nonRT traffic-generation rate is allowed to adapt itself to the underlying network load condition. Our implementation of the traffic smoother requires only a minimal change in the OS kernel without any modification to the current standard of Ethernet MAC protocol or the TCP or UDP/IP stack. The traffic smoother has been implemented on the Linux OS and is shown to reduce the RT message deadline-miss ratio up to two orders of magnitude under a heavily loaded condition, while the nonRT throughput drops only by half. For better portability, we also implemented and evaluated a user-level traffic smoother on top of the transport layer. Moreover, we emulate a switch using a kernel-level traffic smoother to evaluate the performance of traffic smoother in a switched Ethernet environment that can scale to a large control network.