Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociometry and the science of man

With Contributions from: Gardner Murphy, Theodore M. Newcomb, Read Bain, Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., Jiri Nehnevajsa, Pitirim Sorokin, F. B. Moreno, Z. T. Moreno, Leslie D. Zeleny, Mary L. Northway, Margaret McCallum Rooks, Margaret Mead, George A. Lundberg, Maria Rogers, Georges Gurvitch, Howard Becker, Joyce Detweiler, Merl E. Bonney, Emory S. Bogardus, B. J. Speroff, Ralph M. Stogdill, Charles Loomis, Zona Loomis, Irwin T. Sanders, Henrik Infield, David J. Chesler, Neil J. Van Steenberg, Joyce E. Brueckel, E. Paul Torrance, Lewis Yablonsky, Ernest W. Burgess, G. Calvin Hoyt, Charles R. Manley, Renato Tagiuri, Nathan Kogan, Jerome S. Bruner, Joan H. Criswell, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Leo Katz, James H. Powell, Edgar F. Borgatta, Stuart C. Dodd, F. Stuart Chapin, Fred L. Strodtbeck, John Riley, Matilda White Riley, Richard Cohn, Jackson Toby, Anne Ancelin Schutzenberger, J. L. Moreno.
Is a larger refuge always better? Dispersal and dose in pesticide resistance evolution

The evolution of resistance against pesticides is an important problem of modern agriculture. The high‐dose/refuge strategy, which divides the landscape into treated and nontreated (refuge) patches, has proven effective at delaying resistance evolution. However, theoretical understanding is still incomplete, especially for combinations of limited dispersal and partially recessive resistance. We reformulate a two‐patch model based on the Comins model and derive a simple quadratic approximation to analyze the effects of limited dispersal, refuge size, and dominance for high efficacy treatments on the rate of evolution. When a small but substantial number of heterozygotes can survive in the treated patch, a larger refuge always reduces the rate of resistance evolution. However, when dominance is small enough, the evolutionary dynamics in the refuge population, which is indirectly driven by migrants from the treated patch, mainly describes the resistance evolution in the landscape. In this case, for small refuges, increasing the refuge size will increase the rate of resistance evolution. Our analysis distils major driving forces from the model, and can provide a framework for understanding directional selection in source‐sink environments.
F 2 M : Scalable Field-Aware Factorization Machines

Field-aware factorization machines (FFM) has experienced significant interest recently since its good performance on large-scale sparse data. Current systems for this model such as LibFFM, however, runs only on a single machine that would reach both the computation and storage limit when the data go very large. In this work, we introduce F2M, a distributed FFM implementation that can offer good performance and scalability. We will stand on a system designer’s perspective to demonstrate how to pick the right machine learning and system techniques and bring them together, making the learning system efficient and scalable. The evaluation result proves the performance benefits of our system.
Relationships of different types of event to cardiovascular death in trials of antihypertensive treatment: an aid to definition of total cardiovascular disease risk in hypertension

Background and objective: Guidelines for management of cardiovascular diseases stratify absolute cardiovascular risk into categories with a high-risk threshold defined at a 20% cardiovascular events risk in 10 years, but it is unclear whether only major events or the Framingham-extended definition should be considered. The 2013 ESH-ESC hypertension guidelines, instead, define cardiovascular risk as a risk of cardiovascular death in 10 years, as in the SCORE model, setting the threshold for high risk at the 5% level. It would be therefore convenient to know the quantitative relationship between the risks of the different outcomes adopted by the different guidelines, especially because some outcome definitions include serious nonfatal cardiovascular events relevant in cardiovascular prevention. We have therefore analysed these relationships in trials of antihypertensive therapy as an aid to defining total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Design and methods: Sixty-one trials were identified, and 51 retained for analysis of the relationship of cardiovascular death to the incidence of all-cause death, major cardiovascular events and inclusive (Framingham) cardiovascular events. The relationship between cardiovascular death rates and each type of event rates was explored by fitting flexible regression models. Results: The included trials provided 15 164 cardiovascular deaths and 1 674 427 patient-years. The relation of each event rate to cardiovascular death rate was best explained by a model considering the logarithm of each event rate as a dependent variable and the logarithm of cardiovascular death rate as a predictor. Mean patients’ age and treatment were also predictors, but to a minor extent. The increase of the incidence rates of all types of events was less steep the higher the CV death rate: the rate ratios of all-cause death to cardiovascular death were 2.2, 1.9 and 1.8 at low-moderate (cardiovascular death <5% in 10 years), high (cardiovascular death 5% to <10%) and very high risk (cardiovascular death ≥10%), respectively; the rate ratios of major cardiovascular events to cardiovascular death were 3.9, 2.7, 2.3 and the rate ratios of extended cardiovascular events to cardiovascular death were 8.4, 5.6 and 4.6, respectively. Ratios only slightly changed when 12 trials of secondary prevention were excluded. Conclusion: Ratios of various event rates to cardiovascular death rate vary with cardiovascular disease severity, cardiovascular mortality representing an increasing proportion of total cardiovascular risk when the former is higher. From the models, a total risk can be estimated in groups of hypertensive patients whose cardiovascular death risk is calculated by the SCORE model.
Tracking control of mobile robots using saturation feedback controller

A general tracking control problem with saturation constraint for nonholonomic mobile robots is proposed and solved using the backstepping technique. A global result is given in which some artificial assumptions about the linear and the angular velocities of mobile robots from recent literature are dropped. The proposed controller can simultaneously solve both the tracking problem and the regulation problem of mobile robots. With the proposed control laws, mobile robots can now globally follow any path such as a straight line, a circle and the path approaching to the origin using a single controller. Computer simulations are presented which confirm the effectiveness of the tracking control laws. Moreover, practical experimental results concerning the tracking control are reported with saturation constraint for mobile robots.
Effects of Escitalopram on Anxiety and Respiratory Responses to Carbon Dioxide Inhalation in Subjects at High Risk for Panic Disorder: A Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

Background: Individuals with panic disorder and those at high risk for panic disorder due to a positive family history seem to have elevated sensitivities to the panicogenic effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation as well as abnormal ventilatory responses to low doses of CO2 exposure. Many reports have described a reduction in anxiety responses in individuals with panic disorder after a brief treatment with avariety of medications effective in the treatment of panic disorder, but few of these have used placebo control. Methods: Thirty-two unmedicated individuals who had either a past history of panic attacks or a family history of treated panic disorder and who demonstrated, at baseline, a panic attack after either a single breath of 35% CO2 or 3 minutes of exposure to 5% CO2 or a decline in minute volume during 3 minutes of exposure to 5% CO2 were randomized to 2-week trials of escitalopram at 10 mg daily or placebo and, after a 1-week washout, to a 2-week trial of the alternate condition. Results: Placebo and escitalopram conditions did not differ by changes in anxiety responses to high-dose, single-breath, or low-dose continuous-breathing CO2 exposures. Ventilatory abnormalities were no more likely to resolve with escitalopram than with placebo. Self-ratings of anxiety and depressive symptoms showed little change over time with either escitalopram or placebo. Conclusions: Escitalopram did not produce greater changes than placebo in panic responses or in ventilatory abnormalities seen during CO2 exposure. Future studies concerning the effects of antidepressants on responses to CO2 challenge should use a placebo-controlled design.
Compact visualization of Java program execution

The context of this work is a practical, open‐source visualization system, called JIVE, that supports two forms of runtime visualizations of Java programs – object diagrams and sequence diagrams. They capture, respectively, the current execution state and execution history of a Java program. These diagrams are similar to those found in the UML for specifying design–time decisions. In our work, we construct these diagrams at execution time, thereby ensuring continuity of notation from design to execution. In so doing, a few extensions to the UML notation are proposed in order to better represent runtime behavior. As sequence diagrams can become long and unwieldy, we present techniques for their compact representation. A key result in this paper is a novel labeling scheme based upon regular expressions to compactly represent long sequences and an O(r2) algorithm for computing these labels, where r is the length of the input sequence, based upon the concept of ‘tandem repeats’ in a sequence. Horizontal compaction greatly helps minimize the extent of white space in sequence diagrams by the elimination of object lifelines and also by grouping lifelines together. We propose a novel extension to the sequence diagram to deal with out‐of‐model calls when the lifelines of certain classes of objects are filtered out of the visualization, but method calls may occur between in‐model and out‐of‐model calls. The paper also presents compaction techniques for multi‐threaded Java execution with different forms of synchronization. Finally, we present experimental results from compacting the runtime visualizations of a variety of Java programs and execution trace sizes in order to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of our techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Word 2 vec : What and Why

Words have been studied for decades as the basic unit in natural language. Although words are traditionally modeled as atomic units, a real-valued representation can wield power in many application domains. The state-of-the-art in such real-valued representations is word2vec, known for its efficiency in handling large datasets and its ability to capture multiple degrees of similarities. In this report, we will present the training model of word2vec and summarize the evolution of word2vec, ranging from its canonical form to state-of-the-art implementations. We show that word2vec can be understood as a low-dimensional factorization of the so-called word-context matrix, whose cells are the pointwise mutual information (PMI) of the respective word and context pairs, shifted by a global constant. Following this insight, we explain the ability of word2vec of modeling similarity by a probabilistic interpretation of the “distributional hypothesis” from linguistics. Keywords—word, vector representations, multiple degrees of similarities.
Miniature Dual Axes Confocal Microscope for Real Time In Vivo Imaging

Today, disease interpretation of excised tissue is performed by analyzing biopsy specimens with a tabletop microscope [1]. While this method is effective, the process can be limited by sampling error, processing costs, and preparation time. In addition, the interpretive accuracy of the specimens can be affected by artefacts associated with tissue sectioning, paraffin embedding, and histochemical staining. Thus, a lot of effort has gone into the development of new methods that perform real time in vivo imaging with sub-cellular resolution. Confocal microscopy is a powerful optical imaging method that can achieve sub-cellular resolution in real time. The technique of optical sectioning provides clear images from “optically thick” biological tissues that have previously been collected with large, tabletop instruments that occupy the size of a table [2, 3]. They can be used to collect either reflectance or fluorescence images to identify morphological or molecular features of cells and tissues, respectively. Moreover, images in both modalities can be captured simultaneously with complete spatial registration. This approach uses a “pinhole” placed in between the objective lens and the detector to allow only the light that originates from within a tiny focal volume below the tissue surface to be collected. For miniature instruments, the core of an optical fiber is used as the “pinhole. ” Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of endoscope-compatible confocal imaging instruments for visualizing inside the human body. This direction has been accelerated by the availability, variety and low cost of optical fibers, scanners, and light sources, in particular, semiconductor lasers. These methods are being developed for use in the clinic as well as in small animal imaging facilities. The addition of a miniature real-time, high resolution imaging instrument can help guide tissue biopsy and reduce pathology costs. However, these efforts are technically challenging because of the demanding performance requirements for small instrument size, high image resolution, deep tissue penetration depths, and fast frame rates. The performance parameters for miniature in vivo confocal imaging instruments are governed by the specific application. An important goal is the early detection and image
The effect of oxygen on vasoformative cell division. Evidence that 'physiological hypoxia' is the stimulus for normal retinal vasculogenesis.

PURPOSE To assess the role of oxygen in normal retinal vasculogenesis. METHODS A new preparation for studying cytogenesis in retinal wholemounts was developed. Nuclei of dividing cells were labeled with a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and vascular cells were covisualized with Griffonia simplicifolia lectin. The topography and time course of vasculogenic cell division and vessel formation were determined in the kitten retina during normal development and under experimental hyperoxia and hypoxia. RESULTS During normal development, vasculogenic cell division was maximal at the leading edge of the forming vessels. Normal vessel formation was initially proliferative, and cell division was high. However, after vessel formation occurred, which presumably relieved tissue hypoxia, the mitogenic process was markedly reduced, and many excess capillary segments underwent retraction. The rate of vasculogenic cell division and vessel formation increased when the inner layers of the retina were made avascular after exposure to hyperoxia, and it decreased when there was an increase in inspired oxygen. CONCLUSIONS The authors have shown that between 17% and 45% oxygen, the extent of vasculogenic cell division is inversely proportional to the level of oxygen in the inspired gas mixture. They have further shown that dividing vascular cells have a peak density in a region proximal to the edge of the forming vasculature. The density is maximal between P7 and P8, a time when formation of photoreceptor outer segment begins, only a few days before the onset of retinal function. These results led the authors to conclude that the stimulus for normal vasculogenesis is a transient but physiological level of hypoxia induced by the increasing activity of retinal neurons.
The Effects of Fire on Rock Art: Microscopic Evidence Reveals the Importance of Weathering Rinds

This paper presents results of the first study of pre-fire and post-fire samples collected from rock engravings and adjacent sandstone joint faces. A 2001 wildfire at Whoopup Canyon, Wyoming, stimulated a comparison of 1991 and 2003 samples. Optical microscopy of ultra-thin sections, backscattered electron microscopy, x-ray (energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive) analysis of cross sections, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that fires create some thermal fractures that enhance panel erosion, but most of the fire-induced erosion occurs along weathering rinds that form long before petroglyph manufacturing. In addition, rock varnish on top of petroglyphs experiences spalling, and fire ash with a clear potassium spike strongly adheres to rock varnish on petroglyphs and spalled sandstone. In the past, site managers assumed minimal damage away from massive spalls and other macrodamage on fire affected petroglyphs, an assumption no longer tenable. Since it is difficult to protect rock art after a fire starts, mitigation efforts can include identification of areas of intense weathering-rind development as locales most susceptible to erosion, and clearing trees and shrubs near rock art by hand.
Advanced Analytics for Connected Cars Cyber Security

The vehicular connectivity revolution is fueling the automotive industry's most significant transformation seen in decades. However, as modern vehicles become more connected, they also become much more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In this paper, a fully working machine learning approach is proposed to protect connected vehicles (fleets and individuals) against such attacks. We present a system that monitors different vehicle's interfaces (Network, CAN and OS), extracts relevant information based on configurable rules and sends it to a trained generative model to detect deviations from normal behavior. Using configurable data collector, we provide a higher level of data abstraction as the model is trained based on events instead of raw data, which has a noise-filtering effect and eliminates the need to retrain the model whenever a protocol changes. We present a new approach for detecting anomalies, tailored to the temporal nature of our domain. Adapting the hybrid approach of Gutflaish et al. (2017) to the fully temporal setting, we first train a Hidden Markov Model to learn normal vehicle behavior, and then a regression model to calibrate the likelihood threshold for anomaly. Using this architecture, our method detects sophisticated and realistic anomalies, which are missed by other existing methods monitoring the CAN bus only. We also demonstrate the superiority of adaptive thresholds over static ones. Furthermore, our approach scales efficiently from monitoring individual cars to serving large fleets. We demonstrate the competitive advantage of our model via encouraging empirical results.
Atomic decomposition for ISAR imaging

We explore the capabilities of atomic decomposition (AD) for ISAR imaging. On the contrary to our previous work with AD where our research was focused on radar signal detection and maximization of sensitivity, the main concern in ISAR imaging based on AD is to obtain focused images, target feature extraction and low computational burden.
An empirical investigation of the accuracy of location-based services in South Africa

This article describes an empirical investigation of factors influencing the accuracy of location-based services (LBS) on GSM phones in South Africa. The experimental settings were three distinct environments in Johannesburg, South Africa. The results indicated that some parameters such as geographical location and environment of an LBS request have a significantly high impact on the accuracy of LBS. In addition, there was also a huge difference between the predicted and provided accuracies by mobile location providers. This article concludes with a discussion of solutions on bridging the gap between the predicted and provided accuracies to LBS users with the view of improving LBS user dependability on the service provided.
Draft genome of the Eutardigrade Milnesium tardigradum sheds light on ecdysozoan evolution

Tardigrades are among the most stress tolerant animals and survived even unassisted exposure to space in low earth orbit. Still, the adaptations leading to these unusual physiological features remain unclear. Even the phylogenetic position of this phylum within the Ecdysozoa is unclear. Complete genome sequences might help to address these questions as genomic adaptations can be revealed and phylogenetic reconstructions can be based on new markers. Here, we present a first draft genome of a species from the family Milnesiidae, namely Milnesium tardigradum. We consistently place M. tardigradum and the two previously sequenced Hypsibiidae species, Hypsibius dujardini and Ramazzottius varieornatus, as sister group of the nematodes with the arthropods as outgroup. Based on this placement, we identify a massive gene loss thus far attributed to the nematodes which predates their split from the tardigrades. We provide a comprehensive catalog of protein domain expansions linked to stress response and show that previously identified tardigrade-unique proteins are erratically distributed across the genome of M. tardigradum. We further suggest alternative pathways to cope with high stress levels that are yet unexplored in tardigrades and further promote the phylum Tardigrada as a rich source of stress protection genes and mechanisms.
Comorbilidad psiquiátrica en jóvenes-adultos consumidores de cannabis

Este estudio transversal tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia vida de trastornos psiquiatricos (incluyendo los trastornos por uso de sustancias, �TUS y los otros trastornos no por uso de sustancias, �No-TUS) entre 289 jovenes (18-30 anos) consumidores regulares de cannabis durante el ultimo ano, reclutados fuera del entorno asistencial en Barcelona. Se administro la version espanola de la Psychiatric Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM). Solo el 28% de los participantes no presento ningun trastorno psiquiatrico, y el 65% tenia algun TUS, el mas comun relacionado con el cannabis (62%). Casi el 27% presento trastornos no-TUS. Una edad de inicio mas temprana en el consumo de alcohol se asocio con la presencia de algun TUS. Haber consumido un numero mayor de �porros� en el ultimo mes se asocio con la presencia de trastornos psiquiatricos (TUS y no-TUS). Mientras tres cuartas partes de los pacientes con trastornos no-TUS habian recibido algun tipo de tratamiento, solo el 28% de las personas con cualquier TUS habian recibido tratamiento. Dada la baja percepcion de necesidad de tratamiento, se hacen necesarias estrategias de prevencion y poder ofrecer terapias adaptadas y dirigidas a los consumidores jovenes de cannabis.
Advanced telerobotic underwater manipulation using virtual fixtures and haptic rendering

As the variety and complexity of tasks carried about by telerobotic systems underwater increases, so does the demand for technology that increases efficiency and safety of operations. We present a novel approach to subsea manipulation that leverages the natural perceptive capability of human pilots. We present a method and framework for generation and rendering of six degree-of-freedom haptic virtual fixtures based on streaming point cloud data captured by an RGB-D sensor. Sensor data is captured at 30 Hz and virtual fixtures are constructed in real-time in parallel on a GPU. The method is applied to two typical underwater telerobotic valve operations by implementing a forbidden-region virtual fixture and a guidance virtual fixture. During operation, real-time haptic feedback is sent to the operator at 1000 Hz. This haptic feedback allows pilots of remotely-operated vehicles to receive sense of touch feedback through the use of non-contact sensors.