Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy and Biogeography of Apomixis in Angiosperms and Associated Biodiversity Characteristics

Apomixis in angiosperms is asexual reproduction from seed. Its importance to angiospermous evolution and biodiversity has been difficult to assess mainly because of insufficient taxonomic documentation. Thus, we assembled literature reporting apomixis occurrences among angiosperms and transferred the information to an internet database (http://www.apomixis.uni-goettingen.de). We then searched for correlations between apomixis occurrences and well-established measures of taxonomic diversity and biogeography. Apomixis was found to be taxonomically widespread with no clear tendency to specific groups and to occur with sexuality at all taxonomic levels. Adventitious embryony was the most frequent form (148 genera) followed by apospory (110) and diplospory (68). All three forms are phylogenetically scattered, but this scattering is strongly associated with measures of biodiversity. Across apomictic-containing orders and families, numbers of apomict-containing genera were positively correlated with total numbers of genera. In general, apomict-containing orders, families, and subfamilies of Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Orchidaceae were larger, i.e., they possessed more families or genera, than non-apomict-containing orders, families or subfamilies. Furthermore, many apomict-containing genera were found to be highly cosmopolitan. In this respect, 62% occupy multiple geographic zones. Numbers of genera containing sporophytic or gametophytic apomicts decreased from the tropics to the arctic, a trend that parallels general biodiversity. While angiosperms appear to be predisposed to shift from sex to apomixis, there is also evidence of reversions to sexuality. Such reversions may result from genetic or epigenetic destabilization events accompanying hybridization, polyploidy, or other cytogenetic alterations. Because of increased within-plant genetic and genomic heterogeneity, range expansions and diversifications at the species and genus levels may occur more rapidly upon reversion to sexuality. The significantly-enriched representations of apomicts among highly diverse and geographically-extensive taxa, from genera to orders, support this conclusion.
L’utilisation de la technique du rappel stimulé pour mieux comprendre le processus d’intervention de l’entraîneur en sport

Les travaux de recherche en pedagogie de l'entrainement sportif ont surtout porte sur l'analyse des comportements des entraineurs et des athletes. A l'oppose, l'etude du domaine cognitif est peu developpee meme si plusieurs auteurs reconnaissent que le milieu sportif est un contexte qui s'y prete tres bien. Le but de cette etude1 etait de mettre au point une strategie de collecte de donnees afin d'analyser le rationnel qui sous-tend les comportements des entraineurs lorsqu'ils interviennent aupres de leurs athletes. Une strategie integrant la technique de l'entrevue de rappel stimule a ete elaboree a cette fin; elle s'est averee tres efficace pour cerner les facteurs qui sous-tendent les prises de decisions d'un entraineur benevole lors de matchs au hockey mineur.
NSR – A Tool for Load Measurement in Heterogeneous Environments

This paper presents the design and implementation of NSR– th e Node Status Reporter. The NSR provides a standard mechanism for measurement and ac cess to status information in clusters of heterogeneous workstations. It can be used by any application that relies on static and dynamic information about this execution enviro nment. A key feature of NSR is its flexibility with respect to the measurement requirement s of various applications. Configurability aims at reducing the measurement overhead and t he influence on the observed cluster.
Xen-ophobia : On profiling boot startup

The fact that systems fail should come as no surprise to anymore who has ever developed or worked on a system. A failure reduces the availability of the system and hence the productivity of entities using this system. To increase system availability, several approaches have been developed; these approaches range from simple techniques such as restarting the entire system, to complex algorithms that isolate and restart the failed subsystem. We find the simple approach of a system reboot to be particularly interesting because it is a widely deployed approach. We profile the set of instructions excuted during the startup phase of the system and identify heavily utilized segments. We implement, in Xen, a framework for both monitoring the start-up sequence and identifying highly utilized segments of code. We show that modifications to the identified segments affect the start-up sequence. Finally, we examine the identified segments and suggest modifications that will, if implemented, increase availability by reducing the boot up time.
ON THE REMAK HEIGHT, THE MAHLER MEASURE AND CONJUGATE SETS OF ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS LYING ON TWO CIRCLES

Abstract We define a new height function $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$, the Remak height of an algebraic number $\alpha$. We give sharp upper and lower bounds for $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$ in terms of the classical Mahler measure $M(\alpha)$. Study of when one of these bounds is exact leads us to consideration of conjugate sets of algebraic numbers of norm $\pm 1$ lying on two circles centred at 0. We give a complete characterization of such conjugate sets. They turn out to be of two types: one related to certain cubic algebraic numbers, and the other related to a non-integer generalization of Salem numbers which we call extended Salem numbers. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11R06
Indigenous Peoples in the Canadian Correctional System: Critical Issues and the Prospects for ‘Localized’ Corrections

Research Findings have revealed that Canada's indigenous peoples are incarcerated in federal and provincial/territorial correctional facilities in numbers far in excess of their representation in the general population. Only recently, however, has attention been given to the development of policies and programmes to address the special needs of incarcerated indigenous offenders during confinement and upon release. Concurrent with this has been an increasing involvement by indigenous communities, bands and organizations to develop alternative correctional strategies which are community-based and designed to better address the needs of offenders, victims and communities.
Is Trust a Bad Investment?

This paper examines whether trust is an investment decision under uncertainty, based on the expectation of trustworthiness, and whether trustworthiness is reciprocity, conditional on one's counterpart's behavior. In experiments run in Russia, South Africa and the United States, we find that only about one third of the subjects who trust expect to make money and that reciprocity matters in the United States but hardly in Russia and South Africa. On average, trust and trustworthiness behavior is significantly related to warm-glow kindness-with the exception of women's trust, which is almost exclusively accounted for by expectations of return. One-shot trust appears to "pay" for some but not for others. Key Words: Trust, kindness, reciprocity, gender, cross-cultural experiments.
A neurolinguistic study of South Swedish word accents: Electrical brain potentials in nouns and verbs

The brain response to words with correct and incorrect word accent–suffix combinations in South Swedish was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG). Accent 1 yielded an increased brain response (‘preactivation negativity’) that has previously been interpreted as reflecting preactivation of suffixes. Preactivation is greater for accent 1 due to its association with a limited set of suffixes, whereas accent 2 is default for compound words. The tonal realization of the word accent opposition in South Swedish is practically the mirror image of that in Central Swedish, where a similar preactivation negativity has been found. Therefore, the brain response is unlikely to result from a difference in acoustic features between the word accents. Invalidly cued suffixes yielded brain response pattern showing increased processing load of the unexpected suffix (negative electric potential) followed by its reprocessing (positivity ‘P600’).
Apple, Are You Ready to Make Contact?

According to the holistic world view of the western esoteric tradition, science and esoteric knowledge have always been intertwined due to their recognition of the universal relationships of energy. By providing a continuation of the esoteric approach to science and technology in the post-modern period, the computer and the internet represent particular examples of the continuation of characteristic esoteric principles. Yet, they also shed light on the adaptability of esoteric approaches to understanding the world. Bearing this in mind, this article examines the esoteric understanding of the computer and internet as manifest in texts of various genres, such as the New-Age ‘Faces of Findhorn: Images of a Planetary Family’ (1980), Starhawk's esoteric-utopian novel ‘The Fifth Sacred Thing’ (1993) as well as the Neopagan texts ‘The Goddess in the Office’ (1993) by Zsuzsanna Budapest, and, finally, Barbara Ardinger's ‘Pagan Every Day’ (2006) and ‘Finding New Goddesses’ (2003). These texts show how, on the one hand, esoteric traditions of correspondences and principles of universal interdependence have remained stable over the ages. On the other hand, they demonstrate how these traditions are creatively and pragmatically applied to the innovation of the computer. Thus, an old esoteric tradition is brought to bear on a new paradigm of communication technology which testifies to the creative adaptability of esotericism and accounts for its persistence throughout the ages.
Ritos de passagem e conhecimento: uma relação de cunho simbólico e cognitivo nas organizações

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relacao existente entre os ritos de passagem inerentes a cultura organizacional e o processo de construcao do conhecimento nos sujeitos. Sao descritas, inicialmente, as correntes teoricas que influenciam os estudos da cultura organizacional, bem como os conceitos que fundamentam o processo de apropriacao da informacao pelos sujeitos no sentido de evidenciar a dimensao simbolica dos ritos de passagem estabelecidos nas organizacoes e suas influencias nos aspectos cognitivos que afetam a construcao do conhecimento. Para tanto, utilizou-se como estrategia de analise a concepcao de ritos de passagem adotada por Van Gennep e a dinâmica dos modelos organizadores do pensamento apresentada por Moreno e colaboradores. Observa que os valores e as crencas compartilhados pela organizacao a partir dos ritos de passagem sao abstraidos, significados e organizados como informacao de acordo com os valores centrais e crencas estabelecidas pelo sujeito ao longo da vida. Conclui-se que os ritos de passagem planejados e elaborados pelas organizacoes influenciam a construcao de conhecimentos distintos nos sujeitos que, naturalmente, fogem das expectativas de homogeneizacao das organizacoes.Palavras-chave: Apropriacao da informacao. Construcao do conhecimento. Cultura organizacional. Ritos de passagem.
TEMPO2, a new pulsar-timing package - I. An overview

Contemporary pulsar-timing experiments have reached a sensitivity level where systematic errors introduced by existing analysis procedures are limiting the achievable science. We have developed TEMPO2, a new pulsar-timing package that contains propagation and other relevant effects implemented at the 1-ns level of precision (a factor of ∼100 more precise than previously obtainable). In contrast with earlier timing packages, TEMPO2 is compliant with the general relativistic framework of the IAU 1991 and 2000 resolutions and hence uses the International Celestial Reference System, Barycentric Coordinate Time and up-to-date precession, nutation and polar motion models. TEMPO2 provides a generic and extensible set of tools to aid in the analysis and visualization of pulsar-timing data. We provide an overview of the timing model, its accuracy and differences relative to earlier work. We also present a new scheme for predictive use of the timing model that removes existing processing artefacts by properly modelling the frequency dependence of pulse phase.
Architectural Design of a Deployment Platform to Provision Mixed-tenancy SaaS-Applications

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a delivery model whose basic idea is to provide applications to the customer on demand over the Internet. In contrast to similar but older approaches, SaaS promotes multi-tenancy as a tool to exploit economies of scale. This means that a single application instance serves multiple customers. However, a major throwback of SaaS is the customersâ hesitation of sharing infrastructure, application code, or data with other tenants. This is due to the fact that one of the major threats of multi-tenancy is information disclosure due to a system malfunction, system error, or aggressive actions by individual users. So far the only approach in research to counteract on this hesitation has been to enhance the isolation between tenants using the same instance. Our approach (presented in earlier work) tackles this hesitation differently. It allows cus- tomers to choose if or even with whom they want to share the application. The approach enables the customer to make that choice not just for the entire application but specifically for individual application components and the underlaying infrastructure. This paper contributes to the mixed-tenancy approach by introducing a software pattern that allows to es- tablish communication between ACs that are deployed following the mixed-tenancy paradigm. The special challenges at this point are that, first, it shall be possible to migrate existing multi-tenancy applications into a mixed-tenancy environment, and secondly that constraints given by customers shall also be enforced for communication. The contributions of this paper are evaluated based on a representative example that employs all possible kinds of communication. For this it is necessary to present a prototypical implementation of a deployment platform that allows to deploy multi-tenancy applications following the mixed-tenancy paradigm automatically.
Philosophers should be interested in ‘common currency’ claims in the cognitive and behavioural sciences

A recurring claim in a number of behavioural, cognitive and neuro-scientific literatures is that there is, or must be, a unidimensional ‘common currency’ in which the values of different available options are represented. There is striking variety in the quantities or properties that have been proposed as determinants of the ordering in motivational strength. Among those seriously suggested are pain and pleasure, biological fitness, reward and reinforcement, and utility among economists, who have regimented the notion of utility in a variety of ways, some of them incompatible. This topic deserves philosophical attention for at least the following reasons. (1) Repeated invocation of the ‘common currency’ idiom isn't merely terminological coincidence because most of the claims are competing explanations either of manifest pattern in choices, or of order in the processes producing choice. (2) We can't suppose that the different currency claims within each area are compatible, because there are significant obstacles to identifying pairs of members of either the ‘pattern’ or ‘process’ group. (3) There are, finally, seriously opposed positions about the relationships (generally, and in specific cases including that of humans) between the pattern facts and the process facts. There are philosophical positions both favouring and opposing a common currency. But direct consideration of the abstract relationships between claims about common currencies across scientific settings, and the arguments for and against these claims, is relatively rare. There is, though, much of philosophical interest to be found here.
The Vicissitudes of the Budapest Model of Supervision: Can We Learn From It Today?

A silent domain in the history of psychoanalytic training is the so-called Budapest model of supervision, when the first supervisor is the personal (training) analyst. For many Hungarian analysts, it is taken for granted; while the international community faces express curiosity, mixed with a thrill that exotic things deserve. One cannot read about it and it is not part of discussions or research on supervision; it seems to belong to the world of legends. Although it is an option in the Hungarian training, one knows only from gossip that it is practiced—secretly—also in other societies.
Multi-scale Fusion of Texture and Color for Background Modeling

Background modeling from a stationary camera is a crucial component in video surveillance. Traditional methods usually adopt single feature type to solve the problem, while the performance is usually unsatisfactory when handling complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale strategy, which combines both texture and color features, to achieve a robust and accurate solution. Our contributions are two folds: one is that we propose a novel texture operator named Scale-invariant Center-symmetric Local Ternary Pattern, which is robust to noise and illumination variations, the other is that a multi-scale fusion strategy is proposed for the issue. Our method is verified on several complex real world videos with illumination variation, soft shadows and dynamic backgrounds. We compare our method with four state-of-the-art methods, and the experimental results clearly demonstrate that our method achieves the highest classification accuracy in complex real world videos.
Generalizability Theory: A Primer

Concepts in Generalizability Theory Statistical Model Underlying Generalizability Theory Generalizability Studies with Crossed Facets Generalizability Studies with Nested Facets Generalizability Studies with Fixed Facets Decision Studies Measurement Error and Generalizability Coefficients Generalizability and Decision Studies with the Same Design Generalizability and Decision Studies with Different Designs Summary and Next Steps
Reflections on linguistic ethnography

In his opening article, Rampton portrays Linguistic Ethnography (LE) as consisting of a broad range of work, sharing family resemblances and reflecting features of the particular niche in which it has developed. The subsequent articles explore various issues and relationships relevant to LE. There is obviously much that could be said about these contributions, from many angles, but I will focus on just a few points here that seem of significance from my perspective: the nature of LE as an approach; realism versus constructionism; and the question of methodological warrant.
A magnetically coupled regenerative turn-on and turn-off snubber configuration

This paper presents a magnetically coupled regenerative turn-on and turn-off snubber configuration applied to a boost converter, which operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM). In addition to reducing the stresses in the switch, providing soft transitions in its turn-off voltage and turn-on current, it transfers the energy stored in the snubber capacitor to the load. This is achieved by using a coupled inductor mounted on the main inductor of the converter, which resets the capacitor voltage at each switching period. Design equations, as well as experimental results are presented, showing the high performance of the boost converter using the proposed snubber.
Cluster-Based Double Bounce MIMO Channel Model and Capacity Analysis

The spatial and temporal correlation is investigated at both transmitter and receiver. A cluster-based double bounce MIMO channel model is presented. The model can be used for nonselective Rice fading MIMO channels, and the expressions for correlation coefficient and channel capacity are derived. The correlation coefficient is the function of antennas spacing, angular spread, power angular spectrum, mean angle-of-arrival, Doppler spread and delay spread. In space domain, the capacity increases with antenna spacing and angular spread. For multiple clusters incidence wave, the correlation coefficient and capacity will oscillate with increasing antenna spacing. The capacity will decrease with increasing Rician factor. In time domain, the capacity gets higher with increasing Doppler and delay spread. When the frame length is larger than coherent time, the capacity will get to the independent capacity asymptotically. Two typical scenarios are simulated for indoor and outdoor environments.
Using graded-relevance metrics for evaluating community QA answer selection

Community Question Answering (CQA) sites such as Yahoo! Answers have emerged as rich knowledge resources for information seekers. However, answers posted to CQA sites can be irrelevant, incomplete, redundant, incorrect, biased, ill-formed or even abusive. Hence, automatic selection of "good" answers for a given posted question is a practical research problem that will help us manage the quality of accumulated knowledge. One way to evaluate answer selection systems for CQA would be to use the Best Answers (BAs) that are readily available from the CQA sites. However, BAs may be biased, and even if they are not, there may be other good answers besides BAs. To remedy these two problems, we propose system evaluation methods that involve multiple answer assessors and graded-relevance information retrieval metrics. Our main findings from experiments using the NTCIR-8 CQA task data are that, using our evaluation methods, (a) we can detect many substantial differences between systems that would have been overlooked by BA-based evaluation; and (b) we can better identify hard questions (i.e. those that are handled poorly by many systems and therefore require focussed investigation) compared to BAbased evaluation. We therefore argue that our approach is useful for building effective CQA answer selection systems despite the cost of manual answer assessments.