Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It Ain't Over 'til It's Over: An Exercise for Concluding a Course.

The current literature on teaching is replete with discussions of practical classroom strategies and educational philosophies. Articles on content, structure, perspective, overall approach, techniques for illustrating particular sociological concepts, evaluating students, writing assignments, and so on have helped many of us as we go about constructing our own courses. In view of this plethora of guidance, it is ironic that one aspect of our teaching, one that we all must face every time we teach, has been virtually ignored: the conclusion of the course.
Stereo time-of-flight

This paper describes a novel method to acquire depth images using a pair of ToF (Time of Flight) cameras. As opposed to approaches that filter, calibrate or do 3D reconstructions posterior to the image acquisition, we propose to combine the measurements of the two cameras at the acquisition level. To do so, we define a three-stages procedure, during which we actively modify the infrared lighting of the scene: first, the two cameras emit an infrared signal one after the other (stages 1 and 2), and then, simultaneously (stage 3). Assuming the scene is static during the three stages, we gather the depth measurements obtained with both cameras and define a cost function to optimize the two depth images. A quantitative evaluation of the performance of the proposed method for different objects and stereo configurations is provided based on a simulation of the ToF cameras. Results on real images are also presented. Both in simulation and real images the stereo-ToF acquisition produces more accurate depth measurements.
Analysis of LAS scheduling for job size distributions with high variance

Recent studies of Internet traffic have shown that flow size distributions often exhibit a high variability property in the sense that most of the flows are short and more than half of the total load is constituted by a small percentage of the largest flows. In the light of this observation, it is interesting to revisit scheduling policies that are known to favor small jobs in order to quantify the benefit for small and the penalty for large jobs. Among all scheduling policies that do not require knowledge of job size, the least attained service (LAS) scheduling policy is known to favor small jobs the most. We investigate the M/G/1/LAS queue for both, load ? < 1 and ? = 1. Our analysis shows that for job size distributions with a high variability property, LAS favors short jobs with a negligible penalty to the few largest jobs, and that LAS achieves a mean response time over all jobs that is close to the mean response time achieved by SRPT.Finally, we implement LAS in the ns-2 network simulator to study its performance benefits for TCP flows. When LAS is used to schedule packets over the bottleneck link, more than 99% of the shortest flows experience smaller mean response times under LAS than under FIFO and only the largest jobs observe a negligible increase in response time. The benefit of using LAS as compared to FIFO is most pronounced at high load.
Effects of Spousal Satisfaction and Selected Career Factors on Job Satisfaction of Extension Agents.

The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES) has employees in all parishes of the state, a state director, state program leaders, supervisors and subject matter specialists. These staff members work with local clientele to develop and deliver programs based on the needs of individuals and businesses. Sometimes, the needs of local clientele put a large demand on the Extension worker’s time. The time spent at work beyond normal business hours means time spent away from the family. This is a concern because it affects the work-family relationship and has been acknowledged by Extension at the federal and state levels (Extension Committee on Policy: Task Force on Families, 1981.)
Running title : Protection of PFD from an early phase of ALI by OA in rats Corresponding

The potential role of pirfenidone (PFD), an antifibrotic compound with anti-inflammatory effects, in several models of acute lung injury (ALI) has gained increasing attention. Yet the protective effect of PFD in oleic acid (OA) induced ALI remains unknown. We hypothesized that PFD protects from OA induced ALI in rats, and we hoped to obtain the optimum preclinical conditions with PFD in ALI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups (5 rats per group): normal control group; OA treated group (0.15ml/kg); 3 PFD treated groups (20mg/kg, 40mg/kg and 80mg/kg, p.o., respectively). Arterial blood gases, lung wet/dry weight ratio and postmortem histological changes were determined at 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 6h and 24h after OA challenge. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used for free radicals detection and measurement. Experiments were examined based on the orthogonal test L4 (4) setting two factors (A: PFD dose; B: PFD valid time) with four different levels. The results of orthogonal test showed the sequence of effect of PFD was at 0.5h (oxygen radicals), 1h (histological changes), 2h (lung edema) and 6h (Partial pressure of oxygen, PO2) after OA challenge and the 40mg/kg of PFD was the most effective dose in this study. We conclude that PFD protects against OA-induced ALI in rats. The mechanism of these protective effects partly involves decrease of oxygen radicals. The data of this study proves that orthogonal test will be a powerful method to help obtain the optimum experimental conditions with PFD in ALI in the future. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on December 17, 2004 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104. 078030 at A PE T Jornals on July 8, 2017 jpet.asjournals. org D ow nladed from
The Sociology of Economic Life

Introduction Foundations of Economic Sociology * The Economy as an Instituted Process Karl Polanyi * Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness Mark Granovetter * Max Webers Vision of Economic Sociology Richard Swedberg * Forms of Capital Pierre Bourdieu * Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner The Sociology of Markets * The Bazaar Economy Clifford Geertz * Human Values and the Market: The Case of Life Insurance and Death in 19th Century America Viviana Zelizer * Economic and Sociological Approaches to Gender Inequality in Pay William Bridges and Robert Nelson * Non-Contractural relations in Business Stewart Macaulay * Social Structure and Competition: The Paradox of Embeddedness Brian Uzzi The Sociology of Firms and Markets * Group Dynamics and Intergroup Relations George Strauss * Men Who Manage Melville Dalton * Bureaucratic and Craft Administration of Production Arthur Stinchcombe * Processing Fads and Fashions Paul Hirsch * Functional and Historical Logics in Explaining the Rise of the American Industrial Corporation William Roy * Coase Revisited: Business Groups in the Modern Economy Mark Granovetter * Inside-Out: Regional Networks and Industrial Adaptation in Silicon Valley and Route 128 AnnaLee Saxenian Comparative and Historical Economic Sociology * Webers Last Theory of Capitalism Randall Collins * Why the Economy Reflects the Polity: Early Rail Policy in Britain, France, and the United States Frank Dobbin * Goodwill and the Spirit of Market Capitalism Ronald Dore * Market, Culture and Authority: A Comparative Analysis of Management and Organization in the Far East Gary Hamilton and Nicole Biggart * Recombinant Property in East European Capitalism David Stark About the Book and the Editors
Rodent Models of Colorectal Distension

Colorectal distension (CRD) is a widely accepted, reproducible method for assessing visceral sensitivity in both clinical and pre‐clinical studies. Distension of the colon mirrors the human scenario of visceral pain with regard to intensity and referral of pain in patients. There are several readouts that can be applied to the CRD protocol depending on the species being evaluated, two of which are described in this unit. CRD can be used to measure the impact of novel compounds, strain, or genetic differences as well as the effect of physical and psychological stressors on the sensitivity of the colon. Investigation of the impact of a noxious visceral stimulus (CRD) on other systems within the body can also be carried out. Given that visceral pain is a major clinical problem and one of the most common reasons patients seek out medical advice, the ability to assess this type of pain is essential to the discovery of successful treatments. This unit outlines two protocols that describe CRD of rats and mice. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 61:9.40. 1‐9.40. 13. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lightness determination at curved surfaces with applications to dynamic range compression and model-based coding of facial images

Lightness algorithms, which have been proposed as a model for human vision, are aimed at recovering surface reflectance in a close approximation. They attempt to separate reflectance data from illumination data by thresholding a spatial derivative of the image intensity. This, however, works only reliable in a world of plane Mondrians. An extension of the classical lightness approach of Land and McCann (1971) to curved surfaces is presented. Assuming smooth surfaces with Lambertian reflection properties and leaving aside occlusions and cast shadows, the separation of those components of the intensity gradient due to reflectance from those due to irradiance is posed as a constraint minimization problem. To do so, two classification operators were introduced which identify potential reflectance and irradiance data using a scale-space filtering approach. Two exemplary applications of the proposed extended lightness algorithm in the field of visual telecommunications are presented: (i) the simulation of more uniformly illuminated videophone portrait scenes to give dynamic range compressed images with a most realistic appearance and (ii) the synthesis of videophone portrait images from model-based coded data with a correct illumination effect. In both applications, the extended lightness algorithm is employed for estimating the reflectance functions at facial surfaces. Results obtained by applying the extended lightness algorithm are compared with results obtained by conventional methods known from literature.
Learning Morphological and Phonological Spelling Rules: An Intervention Study

We looked at the effects of teaching 7- and 8-year-old children morphological and phonological distinctions. Some of those given morphological training and some of those given phonological training were also taught how to represent these distinctions in writing. All 4 intervention groups did better than the control group in a standardized test of reading after the intervention. There were gains in children's use of morphological spelling rules but not in their use of conditional phonologically based spelling rules. The improvement in the use of morphological rules in spelling was confined to groups trained in morphology. Training in phonology also had a beneficial effect on the use of morphology in reading. The results are interpreted within the framework of a dual-route model of learning to read and spell.
Speedup vs. Simulation Granularity

This paper describes a packet network simulator whose timinggranularitycan shift continuously from(cid:12)ne, packet-level detail to coarse, conversation-level detail. Simulation run time decreases with coarser timing granularity, but the details in the underlying model become faded as the timing granularity coarsens. The (cid:12)ner the granularity, the slower but more precise the simulation. If a simulation becomes resource limited, it is possible to coarsen the timing granularity to scale the simulation larger. This paper introduces a new simulation technique to speedup simulation of high speed, wide area networks. The new technique can yield order of magnitude speedup and memory savings on simulations of large-scale packet networks. The speedup is achieved by introducing a degree of approximation into abstracting packet streams. We call this technique Flowsim. Flowsimcan yield di(cid:11)erent simulationmetrics than packet simulationdue to its di(cid:11)erent degree of simulationgran-ularity. We have replicated simulations presented in the literature and, in this paper, show that it is frequently possible to employ coarse timing granularity when studying (cid:13)ow and congestion control algorithms. This paper motivates the need for faster and less memory intensive simulators, introduces two other simulation techniques which can together double the performance of well written simulators, describes Flowsim's tra(cid:14)c representation scheme and internal algorithms, explores the tradeo(cid:11) between speed and accuracy, and explores some of the limitations of traditional simulation. It demonstrates that speedups of a factor of 50 are possible when simulating ATM networks.
An Integrative Model for Knowledge Sharing in Communities-of-Practice

– This study attempts to identify the factors and relationships that influence community of practice (CoP) members' knowledge‐sharing attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. , – The Theory of Planned Behavior model, Motivation Theory, and the Triandis model were employed here. For the empirical validation, 282 responses from four Korean companies were collected. , – Whereas both extrinsic motivational and intrinsic motivational factors positively influenced attitude toward knowledge‐sharing behaviors, intrinsic motivational factors were more influential in this regard. Additionally, some differences in knowledge‐sharing mechanisms were noted between formally managed CoPs and informally nurtured CoPs. , – Since the survey samples used herein were limited to Korean companies, the results of this study may prove ungeneralizable. , – For managers who intend to introduce CoPs to their firm, a CoP supportive environment must be created, such that the image, reciprocity, enjoyment of helping, and need for affiliation of each CoP member can be satisfied. , – This study is one of the first pieces of integrative research regarding CoPs to target understanding of the most crucial component of CoP activities, namely knowledge sharing.
A U.S. Holy War? The Effects of Religion on Iraq War Policy Attitudes*

Objective. Throughout the course of the Iraq War, the Bush Administration has consistently framed its war policy in religious language. Therefore, we investigate the extent to which public religiosity predicts neoconservative foreign policy attitudes. Method. We use the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey to estimate OLS models predicting the effects of religious measures on support for a neoconservative Middle East foreign policy. Findings. We find that support for U.S. Iraq policy is partially an outcome of what we call “sacralization ideology,” as measured by the belief that religious and secular institutions should be more closely in collaboration. Conclusion. We argue that the religious framing of U.S. foreign policy appeals to a certain religious type who is not fully Republican or conservative evangelical.
Crystal structure of dimethyl 2,5-bis[(diphenoxyphosphoryl)oxy]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate

In the title compound, C34H30O12P2, which was synthesized via the esterification of dimethyl 2,5-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate with diphenyl chlorophosphate, the molecule has crystallographic inversion symmetry. The dihedral angles between the plane of the cyclohexa-1,4-diene ring and those of the two benzene rings of the substituent phosphate groups are 41.0 (1) and 89.5 (1)°, while that with the ester group is 3.1 (3)°. In the crystal, only weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present.
Appeals against detention in conditions of excessive security in Scotland

The Mental Health (Care and Treatment)(Scotland) Act 2003 introduced the provision for patients to appeal against being treated in conditions of excessive security for the first time. In this article, we examine the first 100 patients to appeal using this new provision. We compared the clinical, demographic and legal factors of these patients depending upon the outcome of the appeal. Forty-four per cent of appeals were successful compared with 22% which were rejected. There was no difference on any clinical factors studied between these groups. The main difference between the groups was that those patients who had the support of their Responsible Medical Officer and were already on the transfer list were significantly more likely to succeed p . 000. We have demonstrated that legislation is an important mechanism to drive change in any forensic mental health system such as the development of medium and low secure services in Scotland.
Looking back: Joke comprehension and the space structuring model

Abstract We describe the space structuring model, a model of language comprehension inspired by ideas in cognitive linguistics, focusing on its capacity to explain the sorts of inferences needed to understand one-line jokes. One process posited in the model is frame-shifting, the semantic and pragmatic reanalysis in which elements of the existing message-level representation are mapped into a new frame retrieved from long-term memory. To test this model, we recorded participants' eye movements with a headband-mounted eye-tracker while they read sentences that ended either as a joke, or as nonfunny controls (“She read so much about the bad effects of smoking she decided to give up the reading/habit.”) . Only jokes required frame-shifting; nonjoke endings were consistent with the contextually evoked frame. Though initial gaze durations were the same for jokes and non-jokes, total viewing duration was longer for the jokes and participants were more likely to make regressive (leftward) eye movements after reading the “punch word” of a joke. Results are consistent with the psychological reality of some process like frame-shifting, suggesting readers literally revisit aspects of the prior context while apprehending one-line jokes.
In the Name of God and Nation: The Overlapping Influence of Separatism and Religion on Ethnic Conflict

For the past decade and perhaps even longer, ethnic conicts, especially those involving religion and separatism have been gaining increasing attention by the media, academics, and policy makers. Many ethnic conicts involving both religious differences and separatism have become well known. These include the conicts involving the Palestinian minority in Israel, the Tibetan region of China, the Kashmiri and Sikh minorities in India, the East Timorese in Indonesia, the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka, and the Chechen minority in Russia as well as the various conicts in the former Yugoslavia, to name just a few. As discussed below, both religion and separatism are believed to be among the major causes of violence in the modern era. However, few studies have compared the individual and combined impact of these two factors on ethnic conict. Accordingly, this study addresses the dual issues of religion and separatism in two stages. First, it reviews the literature on the inuence of religion and separatism on conict in order to assess the current perceptions of the impact of these two factors on conict. This review clearly demonstrates that while many studies deal with these two factors individually, few address them in combination. Second, this study uses data from the Minorities at Risk data set as well as data collected independently to assess the overlap between religious and separatist conicts among ethnic conicts, and to assess both the independent and combined impact of religion and separatism on the extent of ethnic rebellion between 1985 and 1998.
Global and economic self-efficacy in the educational attainment process

Despite psychological and sociological evidence that self-efficacy beliefs predict goal striving and a variety of achievement-related behaviors, self-efficacy has been neglected in studies of educational attainment. Using data from a longitudinal study of 1,000 adolescents, we examine the sources of adolescents' self-efficacy beliefs and the effects of these beliefs on educational attendance immediately after high school. Both social background and personal achievements are found to influence economic self-efficacy; this, in turn, fosters educational attainment. This self-concept dimension exerts its effects on postsecondary achievement both directly and indirectly, through relevant expectations and students' behaviors during the last year of high school.
Tracking a personalized trail effectively with a mobile phone

This paper presents a solution to a problem of reducing the GPS call incidences to record personal gazetteers and of adjusting the granularity of localization on different distance scale according to visiting experiences. Personal gazetteers usually list and describe users’ important places, such as home, work, restaurants, etc. The important places for mobile users can be easily logged by fixedrate GPS calls. But frequent GPS calls consume the battery of a cellphone, so it is important to reduce the GPS call incidences without the loss of location accuracy. We found out that the pseudo-noise (PN) signals of mobile phones show stable patterns to estimate the places along the users’ path. According to these stable patterns, we can get the proper GPS call times both when the PN signals show whether the user stays long enough in his/her point of interest (POI) and when he/she changes significantly his/her location. The real road experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the GPS call reduction of this algorithm, and it is found to produce reliable personal life patterns of POIs. After getting the patterns of POIs with reduced GPS calls, naming the places is required. This paper also presents a usercentric model of addressing the gazetteers, which will be adapted as the visiting rates of the same visited places increase. Familiarity breeds concerns with the polished scalability of the address naming.
If It Leads, It Bleeds (and If It Bleeds, It Leads): Media Coverage and Fatalities in Militarized Interstate Disputes

We analyze New York Times coverage of international events and offer what is perhaps the first test for the reciprocal effects of media coverage and fatalities in militarized interstate disputes. Our results suggest that once disputes go public, the probability of fatalities rises dramatically. Simply stated, if it leads, it bleeds. We also find qualified support for the well-known “if it bleeds, it leads” hypothesis, and relatively robust evidence of the effects of distance and news bureaus on media coverage of international crises.
Quality monitoring for resistance spot welding using dynamic signals

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is one of the most widely used processes in sheet metal fabrication. Although used in mass production for several decades, RSW has a major problem of inconsistent quality from weld to weld, which results from the complexity of basic process as well as from various process conditions, noise and errors. So far there is no satisfactory on-line non-destructive quality evaluation. In this research, a data acquisition system was developed to on-line monitor the dynamic signals in resistance spot welding, such as electrode voltage, welding current, dynamic resistance and dynamic electrode force. Of these signals, dynamic resistance and electrode force signals were found to provide plenty of quality information. When an expulsion occurred, the dynamic resistance signal experienced a sudden drop and dynamic electrode force signal has a vibration signature.
School Drop-Out Prevention: A Multifaceted Program for the Improvement of Adolescent Employability, Academic Achievement, and Personal Identity

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors gratefully acknowledge: Harold LaBorde of the Coordinating and Development Corporation-Shreveport, LA; Jan Haworth of the Rapides Parish Police Jury-Alexandria, LA; and Major Charles Kelly of the Community Action Association, Inc.Farmerville, LA, all Directors of their respective Private Industry Councils. We would also like to thank Phillip Springer for his contribution to the data