Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic synthesis of controllers from formal specifications

Many safety critical reactive systems are indeed embedded control systems. Usually a control system can be partitioned into two main subsystems: a controller and a plant. Roughly speaking: the controller observes the state of the plant and sends commands (stimulus) to the plant to achieve predefined goals. We show that when the plant can be modeled as a deterministic finite state system (FSS) it is possible to effectively use formal methods to automatically synthesize the program implementing the controller from the plant model and the given formal specifications for the closed loop system (plant+controller). This guarantees that the controller program is correct by construction. To the best of our knowledge there is no previously published effective algorithm to extract executable code for the controller from closed loop formal specifications. We show practical usefulness of our techniques by giving experimental results on their use to synthesize C programs implementing optimal controllers (OCs) for plants with more than 10/sup 9/ states.
Named entity recognition approaches: A study applied to English and Hindi language

Named Entity Recognition is the technique of identifying named entities which are present in documents like names of persons, percentage values, organization names, locations etc. Named Entity Recognition is used for information extraction. There are different approaches for performing the process of named entity recognition. This paper makes a comparative study of different approaches for named entity recognition applied to English and Hindi language corpus. This study is conducted with a view to extend the work and developing an efficient method for named entity recognition in Malayalam language.
Translation of cIAP2 mRNA Is Mediated Exclusively by a Stress-Modulated Ribosome Shunt

ABSTRACT During cellular stress, translation persists or increases for a number of stress-responsive proteins, including cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2). The cIAP2 transcript includes a very long (2.78-kb) 5′ untranslated region (UTR) with an unusually high number of upstream AUGs (uAUGs), i.e., 64, and a stable predicted secondary structure (ΔG ≅ −620 kcal/mol) that should completely block conventional scanning-dependent translation initiation. This region did not facilitate internal ribosome entry in vitro or when RNA reporter transcripts were transfected into cells. However, several structural features within the cIAP2 5′ UTR were observed to be nearly identical to those required for ribosome shunting in cauliflower mosaic virus RNA and are well conserved in cIAP2 orthologs. Selective mutation revealed that the cIAP2 mRNA mediates translation exclusively via ribosome shunting that bypasses 62 uAUGs. In addition, shunting efficiency was altered by stress and was greatly facilitated by a conserved RNA folding domain (1,470 to 1,877 nucleotides upstream) in a region not scanned by shunting ribosomes. This arrangement suggests that regulation of cIAP2 shunting may involve recruitment of RNA binding proteins to modulate the efficiency of translation initiation.
Modal Ranking: A Uniquely Robust Voting Rule

Motivated by applications to crowdsourcing, we study voting rules that output a correct ranking of alternatives by quality from a large collection of noisy input rankings. We seek voting rules that are supremely robust to noise, in the sense of being correct in the face of any "reasonable" type of noise. We show that there is such a voting rule, which we call the modal ranking rule. Moreover, we establish that the modal ranking rule is the unique rule with the preceding robustness property within a large family of voting rules, which includes a slew of well-studied rules.
AN RFID-middleware-based RFID router architecture

With the development of RFID middleware technology, the reduction of network bandwidth consumption when transferring large number of tag data is important. Moreover, meeting the requirement to build a company's own RFID network has become the key to the popularization and promotion of RFID applications. Existing domestic RFID middleware generally does not have network management functions which makes the implementation of RFID network middleware a key issue. This paper studies the characteristics of the RFID network and proposes an RFID router system architecture. It integrates RFID middleware and routing system involving in both hardware and software levels depending on the hardware environment. Experimental validation results indicate that the architecture implements RFID middleware functions, and also provides self-organizing network and quality of service (QoS) functions.
Numerical evaluation on the cooling performance of a wound field synchronous motor with dual cooling passages

Compared to permanent magnet motors using rare-earth metals, a wound field synchronous motors tends to generate more heat due to increased windings, so it is required to consider cooling measures in design. In this study, a 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation and experimental verification of an 80kW Wound Field Synchronous Motor was performed to investigate the cooling performance of dual cooling passages. In order to evaluate the cooling effect of related design factors, a coolant temperature and coolant mass flow rate was considered in the analysis.
Assigning Prosodic Structure for Speech Synthesis via Syntax-Prosody Mapping

This thesis presents a model that assigns prosodic structure to unrestricted text. The model is linguistically motivated. For the implementation an XML-pipeline is used as a data-architecture. The output can be processed by a text-to-speech synthesiser for determining the locations of phrase breaks. The model’s performance is evaluated in various ways. It outperforms another rule-based approach, and achieves either comparable results as a statistical model or comes close to those results, while being psychologically
A parallel proteomic and metabolomic analysis of the hydrogen peroxide‐ and Sty1p‐dependent stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Using an integrated approach incorporating proteomics, metabolomics and published mRNA data, we have investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide on wild type and a Sty1p‐deletion mutant of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Differential protein expression analysis based on the modification of proteins with matched fluorescent labelling reagents (2‐D‐DIGE) is the foundation of the quantitative proteomics approach. This study identifies 260 differentially expressed protein isoforms from 2‐D‐DIGE gels using MALDI MS and reveals the complexity of the cellular response to oxidative stress and the dependency on the Sty1p stress‐activated protein kinase. We show the relationship between these protein changes and mRNA expression levels identified in a parallel whole genome study, and discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved in protecting cells against hydrogen peroxide and the involvement of Sty1p‐dependent stress‐activated protein kinase signalling. Metabolomic profiling of 29 intermediates using 1H NMR was also conducted alongside the protein analysis using the same sample sets, allowing examination of how the protein changes might affect the metabolic pathways and biological processes involved in the oxidative stress response. This combined analysis identifies a number of interlinked metabolic pathways that exhibit stress‐ and Sty1‐dependent patterns of regulation.
A scalable algorithm for high-quality clustering of web snippets

We consider the problem of partitioning, in a highly accurate and highly efficient way, a set of n documents lying in a metric space into k non-overlapping clusters. We augment the well-known furthest-point-first algorithm for k-center clustering in metric spaces with a filtering scheme based on the triangular inequality. We apply this algorithm to Web snippet clustering, comparing it against strong baselines consisting of recent, fast variants of the classical k-means iterative algorithm. Our main conclusion is that our method attains solutions of better or comparable accuracy, and does this within a fraction of the time required by the baselines. Our algorithm is thus valuable when, as in Web snippet clustering, either the real-time nature of the task or the large amount of data make the poorly scalable, traditional clustering methods unsuitable.
INAOE at AVE 2007: Experiments in Spanish Answer Validation

This paper describes the INAOE’s answer validation system evaluated at the Spanish track of the AVE 2007. This system is based on a supervised learning approach that considers two kinds of attributes. On the one hand, some attributes indicating the textual entailment between the given support text and the hypothesis constructed from the question and answer. On the other hand, some new features denoting certain answer restrictions as imposed by the question’s type and format. In order to extract all these attributes the system uses different tools such as a lemmatizer, a POS tagger, a NER procedure and a superficial syntactic parser. Experimental results are encouraging; they show that the proposed system achieved a 52.91% of F-measure and that it outperformed the standard baseline by 15 percentage points.
Probabilistic Name and Address Cleaning and Standardisation

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NUT : a Tool for Understanding the Nutritional Content of What We Eat CPSC 533 C 2011 Project Proposal

DESCRIPTION The NUT (Nutritional Understanding Tool) application falls within the domain of nutritional information. The goal of NUT is to help users answer the question " What's in my food? " and to assist them in making healthy choices about what to eat. To achieve this goal, NUT will to support the exploration of the nutrient content of common foods through the visualization of a high-dimensional nutritional database. Previous information visualization applications in this domain have typically focused on understanding foods by looking at one or two nutrients at a time. These types of applications only support users in exploring and making food choices on a nutrient-by-nutrient basis, for example, by looking for foods that have the most protein. In contrast, NUT will give the user a high-level understanding of the nutrient composition of the food as a whole, with the option to drill down to more detailed information if needed. This project will make use of the abbreviated version of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (USDA NNDSR), which is the main source of food composition data for the United States. The most recent version, Release 24 [9], describes a collection of 7906 different foods with 51 dimensions, which includes the mean nutrient values for 47 different nutrients. I do not have an academic background in nutrition, but I am very interested in food and healthy eating. A source of inspiration for this project comes from Michael Pollan's In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto [7], which investigates how the 'nutrionalism' ideology (the term that Pollan has coined for the West's obsessive study of nutrients in isolation) and the resulting health fads such as 'eat less fat' or 'eat more protein', have led to poorer nutrition and health. Pollan argues that in order to make healthy choices we need to think about nutrients in combination and in the context of the whole food, rather than studying them in isolation. My desire to create NUT stems from an interest in understanding how my choice of foods affects my overall nutrition. I am also interested in learning more about the overall nutrient profiles of food so that I can make smarter substitutions in my diet for foods such as milk or meat, which I try to avoid. My proposed solution will likely consist of multiple linked views centered around a high-dimensional overview of the foods and nutrient compositions in …
Converting Endangered Species Categories to Probabilities of Extinction for Phylogenetic Conservation Prioritization

Background Categories of imperilment like the global IUCN Red List have been transformed to probabilities of extinction and used to rank species by the amount of imperiled evolutionary history they represent (e.g. by the Edge of Existence programme). We investigate the stability of such lists when ranks are converted to probabilities of extinction under different scenarios. Methodology and Principal Findings Using a simple example and computer simulation, we show that preserving the categories when converting such list designations to probabilities of extinction does not guarantee the stability of the resulting lists. Significance Care must be taken when choosing a suitable transformation, especially if conservation dollars are allocated to species in a ranked fashion. We advocate routine sensitivity analyses.
Quadriceps strength and fatigue assessed by magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve in man

There is no nonvolitional method of assessing quadriceps strength which both supramaximally activates the muscle and is acceptable to subjects. In 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with suspected muscle weakness we used magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve to elicit an isometric twitch and measured twitch tension (TwQ), surface electromyogram in addition to the maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC). Supramaximality was achieved in all subjects at a mean of 83% of maximum stimulator output. When supramaximal, TwQ was reproducible (mean coefficient of variation 3.6%, range 0.7–10.9) and correlated well with MVC (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.001). In 7 normal subjects we measured TwQ before and after a fatiguing protocol; after 20 min TwQ was a mean of 55% (range 29–77%) of baseline and remained substantially reduced at 90 min. Magnetic femoral nerve stimulation is a painless, supramaximal method of assessing quadriceps strength and fatigue which is likely to be of value in clinical and physiological studies. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Corroded Nitinol Wires in Explanted Aortic Endografts: An Important Mechanism of Failure?

Purpose: To analyze surface alterations and fractures observed in the nitinol stent wires of explanted endovascular grafts used for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods: Twenty-one explanted Stentor devices and 1 Cragg stent were received from investigators in Germany and France. After macroscopy and photography, the explants were cleaned and the polyester coating removed. The frame was examined completely by stereomicroscopy, and irregularities were assayed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). The observed alterations were classified according to stereomicroscopic and electron microscopic morphology. Results: The mean implantation interval for the endografts was 29.1 ± 13.2 months (range 5–46). All examined explants, even those retrieved after only a few months in situ, showed pitlike surface damage 10–25 µm in diameter. Larger, irregularly shaped surface alterations were observed in ∼70% of the explants. Older explants (age >32 months) presented vast regions of decay, with bending of the wire and stress cracks in some areas. EDAX examination revealed decreased nickel concentration in the corroded regions. Conclusions: Corrosion of the nitinol wire in endovascular grafts is confirmed. Presumably, the observed pitting and irregularly shaped corrosion defects are the precursors of material failure. They weaken the thin wire, which leads to stress cracks and eventually fracture of the stent wire under circulatory pulsation. Cell-induced electrochemical corrosion and active cellular destruction of surfaces are well-known mechanisms that must be investigated for their possible roles in the corrosion of stent metals.
3 Dimensional application of SLAM for ground navigation

This paper describes an application of Graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for navigation of a vehicle on the ground. The application uses 3 dimensional range data from a Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) sensor equipped on the vehicle. The results show that if the measurement provides information relating just only nearby way points, the SLAM provides vehicle trajectory and map which are at the best similar to those provided by dead reckoning. It can provide global trajectory and map if the measurement yields relative transformation between some far apart way points.
Exploiting Quantization Uncertainty for Enhancing Capacity of Limited-Feedback MISO Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we investigate the capacity of random wireless networks in which transmitters are equipped with multiantennas. A quantized version of channel direction information (CDI) is also available, provided by the associated single antenna receivers. We adopt tools of stochastic geometry and random vector quantization to incorporate the impacts of interference and quantization errors, respectively. We first study the capacity of Aloha, and channel quality information (CQI)-based scheduling, whereby the transmissions decision in each transceiver pair depends on the strength of the CQI against a prescribed threshold. We then propose a new scheduling scheme, namely modified CQI (MCQI), by which the quantization error is effectively incorporated in the scheduling. Further we obtain the capacity of MCQI-based scheduling. Simulation results confirm our analysis and show that the proposed MCQI-based scheduling improves the capacity compared to the CQI-based scheduling and Aloha. It is also seen that the performance boost is more significant where the feedback capacity is low and the network is dense. In comparison with the case of high feedback capacity, the network capacity is not reduced by low feedback capacity in the MCQI-based scheduling. This is of practical importance since the network designer can save the feedback resources by employing MCQI-based scheduling without compromising the capacity and increasing the receivers' complexity.
Multilocus Genotyping Assays for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for serious invasive illness associated with consumption of contaminated food and places a significant burden on public health and the agricultural economy. We recently developed a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for high-throughput subtype determination of L. monocytogenes lineage I isolates based on interrogation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via multiplexed primer extension reactions. Here we report the development and validation of two additional MLGT assays that address the need for comprehensive DNA sequence-based subtyping of L. monocytogenes. The first of these novel MLGT assays targeted variation segregating within lineage II, while the second assay combined probes for lineage III strains with probes for strains representing a recently characterized fourth evolutionary lineage (IV) of L. monocytogenes. These assays were based on nucleotide variation identified in >3.8 Mb of comparative DNA sequence and consisted of 115 total probes that differentiated 93% of the 100 haplotypes defined by the multilocus sequence data. MLGT reproducibly typed the 173 isolates used in SNP discovery, and the 10,448 genotypes derived from MLGT analysis of these isolates were consistent with DNA sequence data. Application of the MLGT assays to assess subtype prevalence among isolates from ready-to-eat foods and food-processing facilities indicated a low frequency (6.3%) of epidemic clone subtypes and a substantial population of isolates (>30%) harboring mutations in inlA associated with attenuated virulence in cell culture and animal models. These mutations were restricted to serogroup 1/2 isolates, which may explain the overrepresentation of serotype 4b isolates in human listeriosis cases.
Alignment-free exposure fusion of image pairs

This paper presents an effective fusion technique for an exposure bracketed pair of images, which may contain motion blur from moving objects or hand trembling. Exposure fusion is a technique to represent a high dynamic scene by fusing differently exposed images. Existing exposure fusion methods either assume the input images are perfectly aligned or conduct an additional alignment step before/during the fusion process. To have a high quality result without resorting to image alignment, we propose to fuse a histogram-transformed image with the short-exposed image to preserve desired properties from the input image pair. We model the fuse problem as determining the fusing map via Markov Random Field in terms of spatial continuity and two fusion criteria. Our experiments demonstrate that our results are comparable with existing methods which include additional alignment steps.
A double oracle algorithm for zero-sum security games on graphs

In response to the Mumbai attacks of 2008, the Mumbai police have started to schedule a limited number of inspection checkpoints on the road network throughout the city. Algorithms for similar security-related scheduling problems have been proposed in recent literature, but security scheduling in networked domains when targets have varying importance remains an open problem at large. In this paper, we cast the network security problem as an attacker-defender zero-sum game. The strategy spaces for both players are exponentially large, so this requires the development of novel, scalable techniques. We first show that existing algorithms for approximate solutions can be arbitrarily bad in general settings. We present Rugged (Randomization in Urban Graphs by Generating strategies for Enemy and Defender), the first scalable optimal solution technique for such network security games. Our technique is based on a double oracle approach and thus does not require the enumeration of the entire strategy space for either of the players. It scales up to realistic problem sizes, as is shown by our evaluation of maps of southern Mumbai obtained from GIS data.