Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the therapy manual or the therapist matter most in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A randomized controlled trial of exposure with response or ritual prevention in 118 patients.

BACKGROUND The importance of the therapist's education and experience for the successful behavior treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been investigated. Data on the relative effectiveness of self-controlled versus therapist-controlled in vivo exposure with response or ritual prevention (ERP) have yielded conflicting results. The present study compared the effectiveness of 4 different modes of delivery of ERP in a referred sample of OCD patients. METHOD Of the 146 eligible OCD outpatients, 118 patients enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and were randomly assigned to (1) therapist-controlled ERP performed by experienced behavior therapists; (2) therapist-controlled ERP performed by master's students of clinical psychology; (3) self-controlled ERP performed by experienced behavior therapists; and (4) self-controlled ERP performed by master's students of clinical psychology. This trial was performed from January 1999 to January 2005. RESULTS Our analyses revealed no significant differences in clinical outcome between any of the different modes of delivery of ERP at posttreatment. The different ERP modes of delivery were associated with significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvement on all measurements, with large effect sizes on the primary outcome measure, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that clinically inexperienced master's students with no postgraduate training can be as capable as experienced and certified behavior therapists in treating OCD patients, as long as therapists adhere to a standardized treatment manual and adequate training and supervision is provided. In contrast to other studies, we did not find a supposed benefit of therapist-controlled ERP versus self-controlled ERP in patients with OCD. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.trialregister. nl Identifier: NTR1444.
Single-Image Shadow Removal Using 3D Intensity Surface Modeling

Shadow removal from a single image is a challenging problem, whose solution is proposed in this paper using 3D intensity surface modeling. Due to the high-order textural content in the original images, a direct modeling of the intensity surface of shadow image is difficult. In this paper, image decomposition technology is used as an edge-preserving filter to remove the textural detail while keeping the local-smoothness pattern of image intensity surface. Using 3D modeling, a proper intensity surface of illumination in shadow region can be obtained based on that corresponding to the same texture in the non-shadow one. Thus, the intensity surface of shadow region can be compensated with a respective shadow-removal. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the aspect of single-image shadow removal. In contrast to the alternative methods, it is not limited by additional assumptions or conditions; moreover, it can deal with the non-uniform and curved surface shadows, and is applicable to the shadow regions consisting of different types of textures.
Use of Advance Directives by Community-Dwelling Older Adults

• Objective: To ascertain the level of planning for endof-life medical care in a population of communitydwelling older adults and to determine if there were demographic and health-related differences among those who had taken steps toward completing advance directives. • Design: Random-digit telephone survey. • Patients and setting: 571 nonurban community-dwelling older adults aged 62 years or older. • Measures and analysis: Three levels of advance directive planning as well as demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables were measured. Logistic regression analyses were performed, with the levels of advance directive planning as the outcome and the descriptive variables as the predictors. • Results: 571 patients were interviewed. Forty-seven percent had discussed their wishes with a member of their family, 13.5% had discussed their preferences with their doctor, and 16.1% had written advance directives. Persons who assessed their health as poor, were single, and had greater concerns about their overall health were significantly more likely to have discussed advance directives with a family member (χ4 = 7.07, P = 0.008). Those with greater worry about their health were more likely to have spoken with a physician, and those who were married were less likely to have spoken with someone or written advance directives. • Conclusions: Although many older adults have considered end-of-life care, few have actually written advance directives. These findings suggest that physicians should initiate discussions about advance directives, particularly among married individuals, who were less likely than others to have talked about or written advance directives.
A systematic literature review on opinion types and sentiment analysis techniques: Tasks and challenges

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the evidence provided on the review types, and explain the challenges faced by classification techniques in sentiment analysis (SA). The aim is to understand how traditional classification technique issues can be addressed through the adoption of improved methods. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of literature was used to search published articles between 2002 and 2014 and identified 24 papers that discuss regular, comparative, and suggestive reviews and the related SA techniques. The authors formulated and applied specific inclusion and exclusion criteria in two distinct rounds to determine the most relevant studies for the research goal. Findings The review identified nine practices of review types, eight standard machine learning classification techniques and seven practices of concept learning Sentic computing techniques. This paper offers insights on promising concept-based approaches to SA, which leverage commonsense knowledge and linguistics for tasks such as polarity detection. The practical implications are also explained in this review. Research limitations/implications The findings provide information for researchers and traders to consider in relation to a variety of techniques for SA such as Sentic computing and multiple opinion types such as suggestive opinions. Originality/value Previous literature review studies in the field of SA have used simple literature review to find the tasks and challenges in the field. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted to find the more specific answers to the proposed research questions. This type of study has not been conducted in the field previously and so provides a novel contribution. Systematic reviews help to reduce implicit researcher bias. Through adoption of broad search strategies, predefined search strings and uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, systematic reviews effectively force researchers to search for studies beyond their own subject areas and networks.
The association between factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and early myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Activated factor XIII (FXIII) cross-links between fibrin monomers, thus increasing the clot stability and resistance to fibrinolysis. Congenital FXIII deficiency causes severe bleeding diathesis. Recently, a common polymorphism of the FXIII A subunit (FXIII Val34Leu) has been identified as a protective factor against both arterial and venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism in coronary artery thrombosis, especially in young patients. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients under than 60 years of age with a history of myocardial infarction (%) and 130 healthy control subjects in the same age group were included to our study. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples and the polymerase chain reaction method was used to genotype FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism. Coronary risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and smoking were compared between the groups with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The Leu allele frequency was significantly lower in patient group compared to control group (7.69% vs 19.23%, p=0.0001, chi-square). This difference was extremely significant in patients younger than 50 years-old (5.26% vs 19.64%, p<0.0001, chi-square). CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that Val34Leu polymorphism in FXIII gene has a protective effect against myocardial infarction.
Power characteristics of Asynchronous Networks-on-Chip

Power characteristics of different Asynchronous Network on Chip (NoC) architectures are developed. Among different NoC architectures, the Butterfly Fat Tree (BFT) dissipates the minimum power. With increasing the number of IP blocks, the relative power consumption of the interconnects and the associate repeaters of the Asynchronous NoC architecture decreases as compared to the power consumption of the network switches. The power dissipation of the Asynchronous architecture is decreased by up to 57% as compared to the power dissipation of the conventional Synchronous architecture. The BFT is more efficient with increasing the number of IP blocks.
ESTIMATION OF VIBRO REPLACEMENT BY COMPRESSION SEISMIC WAVES

The purpose of soil improvement by vibro replacement is a general increase in the mechanical properties of soil in the requested volume. Columns-soil contact contours are usually irregular so that the classical concept of a pile is partially lost, and the emphasis switches to the properties of the composite system. Variations of embedded gravel volume and compaction cause significant changes of the soil density and the elastic properties before and after the intervention, and they are sufficiently distinctive for profiling by compression P-wave refraction tomography. Therefore, the analysis of the soil improvement degree is focused on the differences of P-wave velocities of the test pile field and control field. The relative relationship of the condition variations before and after embedding can be well defined by the position and extension, while the velocity ratio vector quantifies the effect of improvement by depth along the whole field. The shape of variations coincides well with the vibrator operation protocol.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients After Carotid Stenting With or Without Distal Protective Device in a Single Tertiary Medical Center

Objective: To evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical outcomes after carotid artery stenting (CAS) with and without protection devices (PDs), compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: A total of 116 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis underwent CAS; 56 patients (48.3%) underwent CAS-PD; and 137 patients underwent CEA. Results: There were more ipsilateral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the CEA group than in CAS-PD and CAS + PD (4 [3%] vs 1 [1.6%] and 0 respectively, P = 0.02). In the CAS-PD group there were more vertebrobasilar TIAs, ipsi- and contralateral strokes, myocardial infarctions, and death rates in the 30-day postprocedural period. After 8-year follow-up, there were 18 (30%) death cases in the CAS-PD group, 10 death cases (17%) in the CAS + PD patients, and 15 death cases (11%) in the CEA group of patients (P = .02). Conclusion: Our data show that CAS + PD was associated with lower rate of vascular complications and mortality compared with CAS-PD and CEA.
Carbon allocation under light and nitrogen resource gradients in two model marine phytoplankton1

Marine phytoplankton have conserved elemental stoichiometry, but there can be significant deviations from this Redfield ratio. Moreover, phytoplankton allocate reduced carbon (C) to different biochemical pools based on nutritional status and light availability, adding complexity to this relationship. This allocation influences physiology, ecology, and biogeochemistry. Here, we present results on the physiological and biochemical properties of two evolutionarily distinct model marine phytoplankton, a diatom (cf. Staurosira sp. Ehrenberg) and a chlorophyte (Chlorella sp. M. Beijerinck) grown under light and nitrogen resource gradients to characterize how carbon is allocated under different energy and substrate conditions. We found that nitrogen (N)‐replete growth rate increased monotonically with light until it reached a threshold intensity (~200 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1). For Chlorella sp. , the nitrogen quota (pg · μm−3) was greatest below this threshold, beyond which it was reduced by the effect of N‐stress, while for Staurosira sp. there was no trend. Both species maintained constant maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (mol C · mol photons−1) over the range of light and N‐gradients studied (although each species used different photophysiological strategies). In both species, C:chl a (g · g−1) increased as a function of light and N‐stress, while C:N (mol · mol−1) and relative neutral lipid:C (rel. lipid · g−1) were most strongly influenced by N‐stress above the threshold light intensity. These results demonstrated that the interaction of substrate (N‐availability) and energy gradients influenced C‐allocation, and that general patterns of biochemical responses may be conserved among phytoplankton; they provided a framework for predicting phytoplankton biochemical composition in ecological, biogeochemical, or biotechnological applications.
Contribution of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein to plasma protein binding of some basic antimicrobials in pigs.

Protein binding kinetics of basic antimicrobials including trimethoprim (TMP), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LM) and clindamycin (CM) were studied using porcine plasma, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Rosenthal plots of these basic drugs in porcine plasma suggest saturable and non-saturable binding. Dissociation constants (kd) and binding capacity (Bmax) for saturable binding were as follows: TMP, kd = 8.58 mumol/L, Bmax = 5.26 mumol/L; EM, kd = 2.72 mumol/L, Bmax = 3.06 mumol/L, LM, kd = 3.96 mumol/L, Bmax = 6.58 mumol/L and CM, kd = 4.43 mumol/L, Bmax = 21.7 mumol/L. The proportionality constants (Bmax2/kd2) for non-saturable binding were 0.29 in TMP, 0.52 in EM, 0.17 in LM and 3.2 in CM. The kds of the drugs in porcine AGP solution were determined by a fluorescence quenching method, using 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS) as a fluorescent probe: 9.51 mumol/L in TMP, 1.89 mumol/L in EM, 4.48 mumol/L in LM and 9.69 mumol/L, in CM. Comparable kd values between porcine plasma and AGP solution indicated that AGP is a major saturable binder in porcine plasma. Binding property to porcine albumin presented linearity, showing the following proportionality constants: 0.23 in TMP, 0.38 in EM, 0.01 in LM and 0.76 in CM. The comparable proportionality constants of TMP and EM between porcine plasma and albumin solution indicate that albumin is a major non-saturable binder, whereas proportionality constants of LM and CM in albumin solution compared to those in porcine plasma were low, implying another non-saturable binder, i.e. lipoprotein. Simulation curve of drug-binding percentage vs. AGP concentrations showed that in pigs under a pathologic state, or during early growth stage with high AGP levels, AGP could be a main contributor to drug-plasma protein binding for all drugs examined. The increase of AGP from normal to pathological concentrations induced a decrease in the unbound fraction: LM > CM > EM > TMP in order of AGP contribution to drug binding. Therefore, the disposition and efficacy of basic antimicrobials which bind to AGP with high affinity could be markedly influenced by altered AGP levels, implying AGP contribution to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
ABRM: Adaptive $ \beta$-Ratio Modulation for Process-Tolerant Ultradynamic Voltage Scaling

Subthreshold operation of digital circuits has emerged as a promising approach to achieve ultralow power dissipation. However, extensive application of subthreshold logic is limited due to low performance and high susceptibility to process variation (PV). This paper proposes a PV-tolerant ultradynamic voltage scaling (UDVS) system where performance requirements dictate whether the devices will work in the subthreshold or superthreshold region. Due to different mechanisms of current conduction, it is necessary to use different P/N ratios for different regions of operation to improve circuit robustness, performance, and power. With an analytical model of circuit robustness, we present an adaptive body-biasing technique to dynamically adjust the ß-ratio depending on the operating region. Measurements show that our methodology improves the dynamic range of operation the circuits-from 1.2 V all the way down to 85 mV consuming 40 nW (at 85 mV) of power for an 8 &times; 8 finite-impulse response filter fabricated in a 0.13-¿m technology, and can salvage circuits which otherwise would fail to operate due to device mismatches and skewed P/N ratios.
Extracellular matrix adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to exercise

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues enables linking to other tissues, and plays a key role in force transmission and tissue structure maintenance in tendons, ligaments, bone and muscle. ECM turnover is influenced by physical activity, and both collagen synthesis and metalloprotease activity increase with mechanical loading. This can be shown by determining propeptide and proteinase activity by microdialysis, as well as by verifying the incorporation of infused stable isotope amino acids in biopsies. Local tissue expression and release of growth factors for ECM such as IGF‐1, TGF‐beta and IL‐6 is enhanced following exercise. For tendons, metabolic activity (e.g. detected by positron emission tomography scanning), circulatory responses (e.g. as measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy and dye dilution) and collagen turnover are markedly increased after exercise. Tendon blood flow is regulated by cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐mediated pathways, and glucose uptake is regulated by specific pathways in tendons that differ from those in skeletal muscle. Chronic loading in the form of physical training leads both to increased collagen turnover as well as to some degree of net collagen synthesis. These changes modify the mechanical properties and the viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue, decrease its stress‐susceptibility and probably make it more load‐resistant. The mechanical properties of tendon fascicles vary within a given human tendon, and even show gender differences. The latter is supported by findings of gender‐related differences in the activation of collagen synthesis with exercise. These findings may provide the basis for understanding tissue overloading and injury in both tendons and skeletal muscle.
POISSON project - III - Investigating the evolution of the mass accretion rate

As part of the POISSON project (Protostellar Optical-Infrared Spectral Survey on NTT), we present the results of the analysis of low-resolution NIR spectra 0.9-2.4 um) of two samples of YSOs in Lupus and Serpens (52 and 17 objects), with masses 0.1-2.0 Msun and ages from 10^5 to a few 10^7 yr. After determining the accretion parameters of the Lup and Ser targets by analysing their HI near-IR emission features, we added the results to those from previous regions (investigated in POISSON with the same methodology). We obtained a final catalogue (143 objects) of mass accretion rates (Macc) derived in a homogeneous fashion and analysed how Macc correlates with M* and how it evolves in time. We derived the accretion luminosity (Lacc) and Macc for Lup and Ser objects from the Br_gamma line by using relevant empirical relationships from the literature that connect HI line luminosity and Lacc. To minimise the biases and also for self-consistency, we re-derived mass and age for each source using the same set of evolutionary tracks. We observe a correlation MaccM*^2.2, similarly to what has previously been observed in several star-forming clouds. The time variation of Macc is roughly consistent with the expected evolution in viscous disks, with an asymptotic decay that behaves as t^-1.6. However, Macc values are characterised by a large scatter at similar ages and are on average higher than the predictions of viscous models. Although part of the scattering may be related to the employed empirical relationship and to uncertainties on the single measurements, the general distribution and decay trend of the Macc points are real. These findings might be indicative of a large variation in the initial mass of the disks, of fairly different viscous laws among disks, of varying accretion regimes, and of other mechanisms that add to the dissipation of the disks, such as photo-evaporation.
Multiple Group Analysis in Multilevel Structural Equation Model Across Level 1 Groups

This article introduces and evaluates a procedure for conducting multiple group analysis in multilevel structural equation model across Level 1 groups (MG1-MSEM; Ryu, 2014). When group membership is at Level 1, multiple group analysis raises two issues that cannot be solved by a simple extension of the standard multiple group analysis in single-level structural equation model. First, the Level 2 data are not independent between Level 1 groups. Second, the standard procedure fails to take into account the dependency between members of different Level 1 groups within the same cluster. The MG1-MSEM approach provides solutions to these problems. In MG1-MSEM, the Level 1 mean structure is necessary to represent the differences between Level 1 groups within clusters. The Level 2 model is the same regardless of Level 1 group membership. A simulation study examined the performance of MUML (Muthén's maximum likelihood) estimation in MG1-MSEM. The MG1-MSEM approach is illustrated for both a multilevel path model and a multilevel factor model using empirical data sets.
No One Said It Would Be Easy

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Fabrication and optimization of a high speed deep-trench super-junction MOSFET with improved EMI performance

Super-junction (SJ) devices have the advantages of low Drain-Source on-state Resistance (Rdson) and high switching speed. Although it is a Si-based device, it breaks through the classical law of Si power devices. This kind of non-classical MOSFET structure even realizes high performance comparable to III–V devices. However, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) problem becomes an issue when the SJ devices switch too fast, especially for the deep-trench SJ-MOSFET. In this work, we studied the reason of inferior EMI performance of deep-trench SJ-MOSFET. It is found that there is an abrupt change in gate-drain capacitance (Cgd) when the p/n pillars close to full depletion. Based on this observation, an optimized deep-trench SJ-MOSFET is designed and fabricated in order to improve its abrupt change in capacitance. The abrupt change in gate-drain capacitance with the increasing drain voltage is smoothed in the capacitance measurement. As a result, a larger EMI margin is obtained in the application circuit using the proposed deep-trench SJ-MOSFET devices.