Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A USB-based Automatic Test Equipment with improved behavior-based Automatic Test generation for complex circuit boards

In our previous paper [1], we proposed an efficient automatic test generating technique (BBATG) that leverages device behavior descriptions that are widely available for various IC devices (included VLSI). In this paper, we report further improvement on BBATG by leveraging techniques from JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) [2], we call this new technique BJATG. For a device equipped with JTAG, BJATG uses its own BSDL (Boundary Scan Description Language) file to create the device test library automatically. This greatly reduces the overhead to develop device behavior test libraries. Additionally, since JTAG is now available for most of VLSI devices, our technology has a better scalability. Traditional ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) use some type of test instrument bus, such as VXI or PXI Bus to connect to computer. It is usually bulky and requires special handlings. Our ATE leverages standard USB interface to communicate with the host computer, and we call it UATE. In addition to UUT (Unit Under Test) JTAG test interface, UATE has its own built-in JTAG BSC (Bound Scan Cell) chain circuit for UUT's other connector interfaces. With a simple USB structure and optimized interface design, the size of a UATE (not including main computer) is reduced to the size of an iPhone.
Mismatch Negativity in Han Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis

Background Previous meta-analysis revealed that mismatch negativity(MMN) amplitude decreased in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (Cohen’s d, d about 1), leading to the possibility of mismatch negativity being used as a biomarker for schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether MMN is reliably changed in Chinese patients. It is necessary to carry out a meta-analysis on MMN of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Aim To investigate whether MMN could be used as a biomarker for Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia Methods A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials on MMN in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients published before May 8, 2017, by searching the Chinese language databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP Data and PubMed. The effects of MMN deficits were evaluated for MMN amplitude by calculating standard mean difference (SMDs) between schizophrenia patient groups and healthy control groups. Results A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis. The total quality of all the studies were more than 6 as evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis of data from these studies had a pooled sample of 432 patients with schizophrenia and 392 healthy controls. There exists significant MMN deficit in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls (Cohen’s d=1.004). When studies were excluded due to heterogeneity, the pooled effect size of the MMN differences between the patient group and healthy controls dropped to 0.79 (Cohen’s d=0.79). Subgroup analysis showed that MMN amplitude deficits of schizophrenia over three years had the pooled effect size of 0.95, and less than three years had the pooled effect size of 0.77. Publication bias conducted via Egger regression test (t = 1.83; p = 0.101), suggested that there was no publication bias. Conclusion The effect size of MMN amplitude between Chinese patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls is consistent with other meta-analyses published on this topic, suggesting that Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia also exhibited MMN deficits.
Advances in computer‐assisted single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for epilepsy surgery in children

Epilepsy surgery has emerged as an important option in the treatment of children with epilepsy that is refractory to antiepileptic drug management. The cornerstone of successful surgery is accurate localization of the brain region of seizure onset. Traditional techniques of seizure onset localization, e.g. surface electroencephalography (EEG) recording and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow accurate localization in a significant number of patients. When the focus of seizure onset is not apparent from these non‐invasive techniques, other methods of localization, e.g. intracranial EEG recording, may be needed before resection of the focus. Single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear medicine blood‐flow technique that has been used to identify a region of epileptogenic brain associated with low blood flow in the resting state (interictal SPECT) or increased blood flow at the time of seizure activity (ictal SPECT). This report describes the validation and utility of a computer‐assisted method of subtracting the interictal from the ictal SPECT scans and co‐registering the difference image on the MRI. This method, called subtraction ictal SPECT co‐registered on MRI (SISCOM), is used in guiding the location and the extent of intracranial electrode implantation, or in obviating the need for the implantation in some cases.
Electrowetting Heat Pipes for Heat Transport Over Extended Distances

The heat transport capacity of the conventional heat pipes over extended distances is limited by the maximum condensate flow that their wicks can sustain. This paper introduces and analyzes a new planar heat pipe technology, which can transport ultrahigh heat loads (>1 kW) over extended distances (>1 m). The concept of an electrowetting heat pipe (EHP) is based on replacing the adiabatic wick section of a conventional heat pipe with EW-based pumping. EW is a well-developed fluid handling technique to carry out various microfluidic operations, such as droplet pumping, and is based on the electrical modulation of surface tension. The EHP relies on EW pumping of the condensate to the evaporator in the form of discrete droplets. EHPs are not subject to the capillary limit on heat transport capacity. The first-order models predict that EHPs with a cross section footprint of 10 cm × 4 mm (width × thickness) can transport 1.5 kW over extended distances (>1 m) using water as the working fluid. Other benefits include ultralow power consumption (microwatts), opportunities for active control of heat pipes, selection of a wide range of working fluids, and the absence of moving parts. The heat transport capacity and the thermal resistance of an EHP are compared with four other devices of similar dimensions: 1) a sintered powder heat pipe; 2) an axial groove heat pipe; 3) a loop heat pipe; and 4) a thermosyphon. The EHP can transport more than twice the maximum heat capacity of other devices while offering a low thermal resistance of 0.01 K/W. Thus, EW is an enabling technology for the development of long, high-capacity heat pipes.
Assessing the Efficacy of Outdoor Education On Campers’ Perceptions of Environmental Stewardship, Civic Engagement, and College and Career Pathways

Author(s): Frame, Amy | Advisor(s): Mistry, Rashmita | Abstract: Given global threats to the continued functioning of ecosystem services that sustain us all, educators would be wise to embrace the task of redefining our individual and collective orientations to the natural world. Since the inception of the modern environmental education movement in the 1970’s, outdoor education at residential camps has distinguished itself as one of the most promising pedagogies for inspiring environmental stewardship behaviors (American Institutes for Research, 2005; Hattie, Marsh, Neill, a Richards, 1997; Larson, Castleberry, a Green, 2010). Specific outdoor education program components have been shown to lead to immediate feelings of connectedness with nature, social connectedness, and self-efficacy (Garst, Browne, a Bialeschki, 2011a; McKenzie, 2003; Priest a Gass, 2005). This empirical study explored the relationships among campers’ demographics, attitudes related to their camp experiences, and self-reported behavioral intentions toward environmental stewardship, civic engagement, and academic motivation. This study provides data that can be used by educators to improve programs and expand opportunities for meaningful outdoor education to all school-aged children.The mixed-method design consisted of two phases of data collection (Creswell, 2014). First, I administered pre- and post-camp surveys of 795 campers aged 8-17 who attend week-long sessions at two camps in California. Next, I conducted 44 retrospective interviews of camp alumni. By interviewing alumni who attended camp as children and are now in their 20’s, 30’s and 40’s, I gained insight into the relationships among campers’ characteristics, camp programming, and eventual adult behaviors and into how memories of camp change over time. Data from both camps showed continuity between camper surveys and alumni interviews in the program components offered and their possible relationships to proximal and distal outcomes. At both sites, pre to post surveys showed statistically significant increases in connectedness with nature and social connectedness, despite the different curricular emphases at each camp. At one site, critical dialogue by trained counselors increased social connectedness. Such conversations revealed systemic issues such as poverty and racism, which often inspired college-aged volunteer counselors to pursue careers working with children or otherwise addressing inequities. Camp’s ability to increase empathy among diverse participants may be useful in helping people see the protection of nature as an integral part of improving peoples’ well-being. Although surveys indicated increases in environmental stewardship intentions, interviews showed that these were often minor personal acts of reduced consumption rather than the systemic participation or leadership in systems-level work required to overcome environmental injustices that keep us all from our true, biophilic natures as human beings.
Glaucoma in Atomic Bomb Survivors

Radiation has been associated with increases in noncancerous diseases. An effect of low-dose radiation on the prevalence of clinically detected glaucoma has not been previously reported. We therefore investigated the prevalence of glaucoma in A-bomb survivors and its possible association with radiation dose. A total of 1,589 people who participated in the clinical examination program for A-bomb survivors at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) between October 2006 and September 2008 and who had reconstructed radiation doses, were recruited into this cross-sectional screening study. The prevalence of glaucoma and its dose-response relationship to A-bomb radiation were measured. Each subject underwent an initial screening consisting of an interview and ophthalmological examination. Questionable cases with any indication of ocular disease, including glaucoma, were referred to local hospitals for more comprehensive evaluation. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made based on specific optic disc appearance, perimetric results and other ocular findings. Of 1,589 eligible people, we detected 284 (17.9%) cases of glaucoma overall, including 36 (2.3%) cases of primary open-angle glaucoma with intraocular pressure levels greater than 21 mmHg, 226 (14.2%) cases of normal-tension glaucoma and 25 (1.6%) cases of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Seven glaucoma risk factors were examined as potential confounders but only two needed to be included in the final model. Binary regression using a generalized estimating equation method, with adjustment for gender, age, city, cataract surgery or diabetes mellitus, revealed an odds ratio at 1 Gy of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.53, P = 0.001) in the case of normal-tension glaucoma, but no association for other types of glaucoma. The prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma may increase with A-bomb radiation dose, but uncertainties associated with nonparticipation (59% participation) suggest caution in the interpretation of these results until they are confirmed by other studies.
Decreased bone mineral density in normal‐growing patients with cystic fibrosis

Aim: To study bone mineral density (BMD) in normal‐growing patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its relation to clinical and biochemical markers of nutrition and lung function. Methods: Seventy consecutive patients aged 6–49 y with CF were investigated using dual X‐ray absorptiometry and the findings related to anthropometric data. Energy intake was calculated and basal metabolic rate and serum values for calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin and 25(OH) calcidiol measured. Working capacity, lung function and pseudomonas colonization were determined as parameters of physical fitness and severity of pulmonary disease. Results: The average z‐score of BMD was decreased in the lumbar spine in both children and adults, being –0.7 ± 1.0 and –0.5 ± 1.0, respectively, as was the femoral neck BMD z‐score, being –0.3 ± 0.9 and –1.1 ± 1.0 for children and adults, respectively. BMD was correlated to lung function and working capacity, but not to anthropometric data at multiple regression analysis compensating for age and calcitonin. No correlation was found with energy intake, basal metabolic rate or biochemical markers, with the exception of calcitonin.
Passive wireless strain and temperature sensors based on SAW devices

This work gives an overview of existing approaches to wireless strain and temperature measurements that employ passive sensors based on two types of SAW devices; reflective delay lines and one-port resonators. The performance of these two types of sensors is compared from the point of view of the achieved sensitivity, resolution, read range, interrogation time and power. A quantitative comparison of the wireless interrogation methods is presented.
English Proficiency and Labour Supply of Immigrants in Australia

This paper explores the impact of English proficiency on the labour supply of recent immigrants in Australia. While previous research finds that English proficiency is crucial for participation and employment of immigrants, almost no research, and none in Australia, has been done with respect to hours worked by immigrants. The number of hours worked by immigrants is a strong indicator of economic wellbeing. This study uses the second cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia data to estimate a Chamberlain style Tobit random effects estimator. The results suggest a positive relationship between English proficiency and hours worked by immigrants.
A modified harmonic mitigation analysis using Third Harmonic Injection PWM in a multilevel inverter control

A modified Third Harmonic Injection PWM (THI-PWM) modulator that reduces output harmonics has been presented in this paper. The modulator is combined with harmonic injection and phase shifting parts in Simulink design. The harmonic injection ratios have been analysed according to harmonic amplitude ratio of third harmonic to fundamental amplitude. The designed modulator is capable to minimize the injected harmonic ratio in order to increase the modulation index over 1.15 limit of regular THI-PWM control scheme. The proposed VSI in this paper supplies 7-level line voltages and 0.25% THDi ratio at 5 kHz while the modulation index is 1.2.
Establishing an academic identity: Second language writers and the institution.

This study takes an academic literacies approach to writing and draws on the principles of a Critical Applied Linguistic approach to language. It aims to examine international postgraduate students' experiences of academic writing in the UK, with particular reference to their experience of trying to establish an academic writer identity. Importance is placed upon the wider institutional context, and the way that decisions on an institutional level serve to undermine students' attempts to establish a credible academic writer identify. Towards this end, this discussion incorporates an observation of the way that the Pre-sessional English course does or does not prepare international postgraduate students for study in their chosen departments. Significantly, the case study structure of this study allows the voices of the students to be represented in the discussion of such issues and allows them to relate their experiences of learning to represent themselves in an academic writing context. Drawing on the rich data provided, the study focuses on the discussion of the way that negotiation of academic writer identity is affected by feedback and grading practices, issues of patchwriting and plagiarism, and the use of the first person pronoun. The study concludes by analyzing the implications of the data and suggesting ways in which the institution may take practical steps towards providing a more supportive environment for second language writers. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of academic literacies research.
Association of interruptions with an increased risk and severity of medication administration errors.

BACKGROUND Interruptions have been implicated as a cause of clinical errors, yet, to our knowledge, no empirical studies of this relationship exist. We tested the hypothesis that interruptions during medication administration increase errors. METHODS We performed an observational study of nurses preparing and administering medications in 6 wards at 2 major teaching hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Procedural failures and interruptions were recorded during direct observation. Clinical errors were identified by comparing observational data with patients' medication charts. A volunteer sample of 98 nurses (representing a participation rate of 82%) were observed preparing and administering 4271 medications to 720 patients over 505 hours from September 2006 through March 2008. Associations between procedural failures (10 indicators; eg, aseptic technique) and clinical errors (12 indicators; eg, wrong dose) and interruptions, and between interruptions and potential severity of failures and errors, were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Each interruption was associated with a 12.1% increase in procedural failures and a 12.7% increase in clinical errors. The association between interruptions and clinical errors was independent of hospital and nurse characteristics. Interruptions occurred in 53.1% of administrations (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.6%-54.6%). Of total drug administrations, 74.4% (n = 3177) had at least 1 procedural failure (95% CI, 73.1%-75.7%). Administrations with no interruptions (n = 2005) had a procedural failure rate of 69.6% (n = 1395; 95% CI, 67.6%-71.6%), which increased to 84.6% (n = 148; 95% CI, 79.2%-89.9%) with 3 interruptions. Overall, 25.0% (n = 1067; 95% CI, 23.7%-26.3%) of administrations had at least 1 clinical error. Those with no interruptions had a rate of 25.3% (n = 507; 95% CI, 23.4%-27.2%), whereas those with 3 interruptions had a rate of 38.9% (n = 68; 95% CI, 31.6%-46.1%). Nurse experience provided no protection against making a clinical error and was associated with higher procedural failure rates. Error severity increased with interruption frequency. Without interruption, the estimated risk of a major error was 2.3%; with 4 interruptions this risk doubled to 4.7% (95% CI, 2.9%-7.4%; P < .001). CONCLUSION Among nurses at 2 hospitals, the occurrence and frequency of interruptions were significantly associated with the incidence of procedural failures and clinical errors.
Estimating labor supply of farm households under nonseparability: empirical evidence from Nepal

This paper examines the labor supply of farm households in Nepal using a recently developed methodology that accounts for the simultaneity between production and consumption decisions of the households. Estimates of marginal products of male and female labor or shadow wages are obtained from an agricultural production function. An instrumental variable approach is then used to recover the household's structural labor supply from variations in the shadow wages and income, as well as other household characteristics. The findings reveal that both male and female total labor supply are sensitive to changes in shadow wages and income. Human capital embodied in education is found to exert a significant positive effect on output, but has no statistically significant impact on total labor supply of individuals. The results also rejects the existence of efficient labor markets in rural Nepal. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Does Airbnb affect the real estate market? A spatial dependence analysis

The problem of evaluating and forecasting the price variation of houses is a traditional one in economic statistics, and the literature dealing with it is very rich. Part of this literature has focused on spatial statistics models in order to account for the structure of spatial dependence among house prices, and studied the relationship between prices and house features, such as dimension, position and type of building. In this paper, we try to extend this approach by considering the effect of exogenous variables, that may exert a significant impact on price dynamics, namely the level of crime and the Airbnb phenomenon. In particular, to our knowledge, the evaluation of the Airbnb activity on the real estate market is still in its infancy, but we expect an increasing role of it. In doing so, we considered the case of New York city, for which this information is fully available as open data, and employed spatial autoregressive and spatial error models, in order to study the impact of these variables along with typical house features on the real estate market for each district of the city.
A unified approach to testing for mean reversion of exchange rates and prices: The OECD and Latin American cases

The present dissertation is a theoretical and empirical investigation regarding the existence of a long-run relationship between exchange rates and prices. It develops a unified approach to test for mean reversion of exchange rates and prices, bringing together the disequilibrium view and the long-run real exchange rate literatures in such a way that not only exchange rates and relative prices are considered, but also the role played by real factors in explaining long-run behavior of exchange rates and prices. In chapters 2 and 3 we developed some empirical tests for mean reversion of exchange rates and prices for OECD and Latin American countries from 1957 to 1997, while in chapter 4 we have restricted our attention to the floating period for selected OECD countries when we have included some real factors into the analysis.