Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kei society and the person: An approach through childbirth and funerary rituals*

Components of the person in Kei society are analysed through the study of childbirth and funerary rituals. It shows that an analysis of the ideas related to the notion of the person itself cannot be arbitrarily isolated from that of the social structure. A person is constituted through a set of relationships, some of which are established on the level of the house—the smallest social unit—others on the level of the society as a whole. The distinction between various elements of the person is based on the distinction between these relationships, which are ordered at different levels of the ideology. Elements which make up a person are not substances, they are elements of relationships constitutive of the socio‐cosmic universe. A house, as a social unit, appears as a sort of permanent relay between the different levels on which these elements are ordered.
Sox6 Is Necessary for Efficient Erythropoiesis in Adult Mice under Physiological and Anemia-Induced Stress Conditions

Background Definitive erythropoiesis is a vital process throughout life. Both its basal activity under physiological conditions and its increased activity under anemia-induced stress conditions are highly stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin. The transcription factor Sox6 was previously shown to enhance fetal erythropoiesis together and beyond erythropoietin signaling, but its importance in adulthood and mechanisms of action remain unknown. We used here Sox6 conditional null mice and molecular assays to address these questions. Methodology/Principal Findings Sox6fl/flErGFPCre adult mice, which lacked Sox6 in erythroid cells, exhibited compensated anemia, erythroid cell developmental defects, and anisocytotic, short-lived red cells under physiological conditions, proving that Sox6 promotes basal erythropoiesis. Tamoxifen treatment of Sox6fl/flCaggCreER mice induced widespread inactivation of Sox6 in a timely controlled manner and resulted in erythroblast defects before reticulocytosis, demonstrating that impaired erythropoiesis is a primary cause rather than consequence of anemia in the absence of Sox6. Twenty five percent of Sox6fl/flErGFPCre mice died 4 or 5 days after induction of acute anemia with phenylhydrazine. The others recovered slowly. They promptly increased their erythropoietin level and amplified their erythroid progenitor pool, but then exhibited severe erythroblast and reticulocyte defects. Sox6 is thus essential in the maturation phase of stress erythropoiesis that follows the erythropoietin-dependent amplification phase. Sox6 inactivation resulted in upregulation of embryonic globin genes, but embryonic globin chains remained scarce and apparently inconsequential. Sox6 inactivation also resulted in downregulation of erythroid terminal markers, including the Bcl2l1 gene for the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL, and in vitro assays indicated that Sox6 directly upregulates Bcl2l1 downstream of and beyond erythropoietin signaling. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates that Sox6 is necessary for efficient erythropoiesis in adult mice under both basal and stress conditions. It is primarily involved in enhancing the survival rate and maturation process of erythroid cells and acts at least in part by upregulating Bcl2l1.
Development of a Fish Cell Biosensor System for Genotoxicity Detection Based on DNA Damage-Induced Trans-Activation of p21 Gene Expression

p21CIP1/WAF1 is a p53-target gene in response to cellular DNA damage. Here we report the development of a fish cell biosensor system for high throughput genotoxicity detection of new drugs, by stably integrating two reporter plasmids of pGL3-p21-luc (human p21 promoter linked to firefly luciferase) and pRL-CMV-luc (CMV promoter linked to Renilla luciferase) into marine flatfish flounder gill (FG) cells, referred to as p21FGLuc. Initial validation of this genotoxicity biosensor system showed that p21FGLuc cells had a wild-type p53 signaling pathway and responded positively to the challenge of both directly acting genotoxic agents (bleomycin and mitomycin C) and indirectly acting genotoxic agents (cyclophosphamide with metabolic activation), but negatively to cyclophosphamide without metabolic activation and the non-genotoxic agents ethanol and D-mannitol, thus confirming a high specificity and sensitivity, fast and stable response to genotoxic agents for this easily maintained fish cell biosensor system. This system was especially useful in the genotoxicity detection of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a rodent carcinogen, but negatively reported in most non-mammalian in vitro mutation assays, by providing a strong indication of genotoxicity for DEHP. A limitation for this biosensor system was that it might give false positive results in response to sodium butyrate and any other agents, which can trans-activate the p21 gene in a p53-independent manner.
Understanding Complex Visually Referring Utterances

We propose a computational model of visually-grounded spatial language understanding, based on a study of how people verbally describe objects in visual scenes. We describe our implementation of word level visually-grounded semantics and their embedding in a compositional parsing framework. The implemented system selects the correct referents in response to a broad range of referring expressions for a large percentage of test cases. In an analysis of the system's successes and failures we reveal how visual context influences the semantics of utterances and propose future extensions to the model that take such context into account.
Design and analysis of a jitter-free clock recovery scheme for QAM systems

Performance of the digital clock recovery scheme proposed by F.M. Gardner (1986), when applied to quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) microwave radio communication systems is investigated. In particular, it is shown how to improve such a scheme by means of appropriate prefiltering of the incoming signal. The impulse response of the shaping filter is designed to achieve pattern-jitter-free clock recovery in the case of an ideal transmission channel. The impact of multipath fading on synchronizer performance is evaluated by means of computer simulation. >
Feasibility and students' preliminary views on parkour in a group of primary school children

Background: Adventure education is an instructional model where students participate in adventurous activities to acquire physical, cognitive, and affective skills. It also has strong connections with cooperative learning. Parkour is a fast-growing sport practiced by thousands of youngsters all over the world. The media does not portray it as an educational content, but resourcefulness, maturity, cooperation, and respect are among its basic principles. It also appears to have a direct connection with risk-taking, self-discipline, and autonomy. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess students' ideas, views, and/or feelings after experiencing a parkour learning unit. Participants and settings: The research project was conducted in an intact, sixth-grade physical education class in an elementary school located in the northern part of Spain. A total of 26 students with ages ranging between 11 and 12 years (mean age 11.4 ± 0.6) participated in the study. There were 14 boys and 12 girls. Data collection: At the end of the intervention programme, all participating students were asked to ‘Describe your feelings, your thoughts, and your ideas on the parkour learning unit that you just experience in physical education'. Data analysis: MAXQDA 11, a qualitative software package, was used to assist with data management. All participants' answers were analysed via thematic content analysis and constant comparison. Findings: Five major categories emerged from data analysis: enjoyment, fear, social skills, problem-solving skills, and integration. Our findings agree with previous researchers who believe that parkour could be considered an educational content due to all the different positive outcomes that it brings to the physical education class. It seems to promote the development of social and problem-solving skills in the students. Both are competences that should be encouraged and fostered in our youngsters. Furthermore, it is considered a fun activity, it promotes students' integration, and it teaches them how to cope with fear. Conclusion: In contrast to popular views portrayed by the media, the sport of parkour can be a safe, educational content. School cannot turn its back on sports or contents whose popularity is rapidly increasing.
Intravenous Injection of a Lentiviral Vector Encoding NY-ESO-1 Induces an Effective CTL Response1

Lentiviral vectors can efficiently transduce a variety of nondividing cells, including APCs. We assessed the immunogenicity of a lentiviral vector encoding the melanoma Ag NY-ESO-1 in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Direct i.v. injection of NY-ESO-1 lentivirus induced NY-ESO-1157–165-specific CD8+ cells, detected ex vivo with an A2/H-2Kb chimeric class I tetramer. These NY-ESO-1157–165-specific CD8+ cells could be expanded by boosting with an NY-ESO-1 vaccinia virus and could kill NY-ESO-1157–165 peptide-pulsed targets in vivo. Such direct lentiviral vector injection was similar in potency to the injection of in vitro-transduced dendritic cells (DC). In addition, human monocyte-derived DC transduced by the NY-ESO-1 lentivirus stimulated an NY-ESO-1157–165-specific specific CTL clone. These data suggest that direct lentiviral transduction of DC in vivo might provide a powerful immunotherapeutic strategy.
Natural Keyframe Animation Using an Artists Doll

Our project attempts to create high quality animation that can be easily used by anyone. We use an artists doll to generate the keyframe poses combined with a motion capture database to generate the in-between frames for smoother, life-like motion. The doll has joints painted in different colors and a stereo camera rig is used to determine its joint positions, which in turn is used to calculate the joint angles for that keyframe. Using a motion capture database, we match the keyframes to the existing data and synthesize the in-between frames. Our contribution is to bring these two techniques together to create a complete, simpleto-use animation tool which generates natural looking results.
HOMOCLINIC BIFURCATIONS OF PERIODIC ORBITS EN A ROUTE FROM TONIC-SPIKING TO BURSTING IN NEURON MODELS

The methods of qualitative theory of slow-fast systems applied to biophysically realistic neuron models can describe basic scenarios of how these regimes of activity can be generated and transitions between them can be made. We demonstrate how two different codimension-one bifurcations of a saddle-node periodic orbit with homoclinic orbits can explain transitions between tonic spiking and bursting activities in neuron models following Hodgkin-Huxley formalism. In the first case, we argue that the Lukyanov-Shilnikov bifurcation of a saddle-node periodic orbit with non-central homoclinics is behind the phenomena of bi-stability observed in a model of a leech heart interneuron under defined pharmacological conditions. This model can exhibit two coexisting types of oscillations: tonic spiking and bursting. Moreover, the neuron model can also generate weakly chaotic trains of bursting when a control parameter is close to the bifurcation value. In the second case, the transition is continuous and reversible due to the blue sky catastrophe bifurcation. This bifurcation provides a plausible mechanism for the regulation of the burst duration which may increases with no bound as 1/ √ α − α0, where α0 is the transitional value, while the inter-burst interval remains nearly constant.
Beyond the interaction membrane: Laud Humphreys’ tearoom tradeoff

Investigates “cruising” (how homosexual men move around to various meeting sites), and how men keep this from intruding into their “normal” lives. Highlights how Laud Humphreys researched this phenomenon through, initially, observing 12 “tearoom” regulars, while acting as a lookout. Herein the author primarily observed a highway rest area, but also urban parks, tearooms and commercial sex clubs – interviewing 19 regulars. Gives more specific details in the article. Concludes that cruising sites are not constant and uniform.
Characterization of human high molecular weight kininogen. Procoagulant activity associated with the light chain of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen

Human high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen has been isolated and was found to be a single chain protein of approximately equal to 120,000 daltons. Upon digestion with plasma kallikrein bradykinin is generated, and SDS gel electrophoresis of the kinin-free protein reveals an apparent loss in size of 15,000 daltons. The kinin-free kininogen retains full activity as a coagulation factor and consists of two chains: a heavy chain of approximately equal to 66,000 daltons disulfide-linked to a light chain of 37,000 daltons. The heavy chain of HMW kininogen shares antigenic determinants with LMW kininogen and possesses no detectable coagulant activity. The isolated light chain is shown to be responsible for the coagulant activity of HMW kininogen and contains a unique antigenic determinant that distinguishes HMW kininogen from low molecular weight kininogen.
Chromatin Structure and Transcription of the R 1-and R 2-Inserted rRNA Genes of Drosophila melanogaster

About half of the rRNA gene units (rDNA units) of Drosophila melanogaster are inserted by the retrotransposable elements R1 and R2. Because transcripts to R1 and R2 were difficult to detect on blots and electron microscopic observations of rRNA synthesis suggested that only uninserted rDNA units were transcribed, it has long been postulated that inserted rDNA units are in a repressed (inactive) chromatin structure. Studies described here suggest that inserted and uninserted units are equally accessible to DNase I and micrococcal nuclease and contain similar levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation and H3K9 methylation. These studies have low sensitivity, because psoralen cross-linking suggested few (estimated <10%) of the rDNA units of any type are transcriptionally active. Nuclear run-on experiments revealed that R1-inserted and R2-inserted units are activated for transcription at about 1/5 and 1/10, respectively, the rate of uninserted units. Most transcription complexes of the inserted units terminate within the elements, thus explaining why previous molecular and electron microscopic methods indicated inserted units are seldom transcribed. The accumulating data suggest that all units within small regions of the rDNA loci are activated for transcription, with most control over R1 and R2 activity involving steps downstream of transcription initiation.
The relationship between hospital restructuring, anger, hostility and psychosomatics in nurses

This study examines the relationship between hospital restructuring, psychosomatic reactions, anger and hostility in nurses. Scales assessed extent of hospital restructuring. Anger was assessed using the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) Scales. Results suggested that restructuring is a stressful and anger-provoking experience which increases with more restructuring initiatives. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seven Posers in the Constructivist Classroom.

In education, ‘constructivism’ constitutes the ‘grand unified theory’ of the moment. In this article, I maintain that constructivism as a theory of knowledge and constructivism as pedagogy are distinct and that the question of what constructivism about knowledge implies for teaching is under‐theorised. Seven classroom scenarios are sketched that illustrate the problems that a constructivist view of knowledge can create in the classroom. It is concluded that constructivist epistemology undermines effective teaching; as such, realistic teaching practice cannot proceed from constructivist assumptions regarding the nature of knowledge. The conclusion, however, is neutral regarding teaching practice: constructivist epistemology is neither sufficient nor necessary for what is called ‘constructivist’ teaching practice.
Comparison of Social Presence in Robots and Animated Characters

As interactive robots become an increasingly expressive medium that we can use in applications as varied as entertainment or education, insight into details of human-robot interaction becomes more necessary. This study uses a social presence scale to show how robots compare to humans and animated characters during interactions with subjects and discusses the implications of these findings. The study involved naïve subjects (n=32) interacting with a robot, an animated character, and a person in simple tasks. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire after their interactions. We show that the robot consistently scores higher on measures of social presence and engagement than the animated character. We describe the study and discuss implications of the findings to future work in building interactive robots and animated characters.
Service User Perspectives on the ‘Ethically Good Practitioner’

This short paper is based on a presentation delivered by four young people from Sunderland Children Services—Amy, Claire, Jordan and Glen (supported by Grace Roddam, Young People's Training and Development Mentor, and Dave Laverick, Workforce Development Consultant)—at the ‘Learning Professional Wisdom: Courage and Compassion’ Ethics and Social Welfare conference, which took place on 15 May 2009 at St Mary's College, Durham University, UK. The conference was organized by the newly formed Ethics and Social Welfare network, with support from the Social Work and Policy Subject Centre (SWAP), Durham University and Ethics & Social Welfare journal. The conference focused on the contested nature of ‘moral character’ in professional education, whether this can be learnt and developed and how it links with judgements about ‘suitability for practice’. The four young people, drawing on their specific experiences of the looked after system, provided a valuable contribution which will assist understanding of what is meant by the term ‘ethical practitioner’ and the values and attributes they believe practitioners should have in order to fulfil their ethical obligations.
An Experiment of Use and Reuse of Verb Valency in Morphosyntactic Disambiguation and Machine Translation for Euskara and North Sámi

Proceedings of the NODALIDA 2011 Workshop Constraint Grammar Applications. Editors: Eckhard Bick, Kristin Hagen, Kaili Muurisep, Trond Trosterud. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 14 (2011), 61–69. © 2011 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio. no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle. net/10062/19231 .
Feminist and gender perspectives in tourism studies

This article calls for a pause for reflection on the theoretical trajectory of feminist and gender research in tourism studies. It offers a critical appraisal of the origins, development and contemporary application of the three epistemological approaches of feminist empiricism, standpoint feminism and poststructural feminism. Although each of these broad perspectives has served to shape our multiple understandings of the relationships between gender and tourism they may also, simultaneously and inadvertently, have served to fracture the coherence of gender and tourism as a sub-discipline within tourism studies. The article suggests that to disembody that which is not yet fully formed runs the risk of aborting rather than nurturing the embryonic project of advancing feminist and gender tourism studies. Thus, while acknowledging the positive influence of the ‘cultural turn’ within feminist and gender studies of tourism, the article cautions against the wholesale adoption of poststructural approaches to the neglect of previous material analyses. Thus, the case is made for developing synergy between these two seemingly oppositional perspectives and the social-cultural nexus is introduced as a conceptual framework within which to explore the mutually informing nature of the social and the cultural in shaping both materialities and relations of gender and tourism.
A comparison of the reliability of repeat cervical smears and colposcopy in patients with abnormal cervical cytology.

BACKGROUND To determine the reliability of repeat cervical smears (Papanicolaou smears) in patients who have had an abnormal initial smear, prospective data were collected on patients being followed up for a previously abnormal cervical smear. METHODS All 428 patients who were referred for colposcopy because of abnormal cervical smears underwent simultaneous cervical smears and coloposcopy with directed biopsy. Patients with colposcopic evidence of invasive carcinoma or a history of prior colposcopy were excluded. Cervical smear results were compared with the histologic findings on colposcopically directed biopsy. The ability of cervical smears to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and high-grade lesions (CIN 2 and 3) were also calculated for the repeat cervical smear. RESULTS The sensitivity of repeat Papanicolau screening for CIN was 48%. When differentiating high-grade lesions from low-grade and benign biopsies, the sensitivity of the repeat cervical smear was only 25%. Of 110 patients with biopsy-proven high-grade lesions, 68% had low-grade initial cervical smears and 73% had low-grade or benign repeat cervical smear cytology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that repeated Pap smears often fail to identify high-grade lesions and that the sensitivity of a repeat cervical smear is very low in patients with low-grade abnormalities found on routine screening examinations. Using follow-up cervical smears to monitor patients who have low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) carries unacceptable risks. A more reliable diagnostic test such as colposcopy is indicated.
Blipped‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for simultaneous multislice echo planar imaging with reduced g‐factor penalty

Simultaneous multislice Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) acquisition using parallel imaging can decrease the acquisition time for diffusion imaging and allow full‐brain, high‐resolution functional MRI (fMRI) acquisitions at a reduced repetition time (TR). However, the unaliasing of simultaneously acquired, closely spaced slices can be difficult, leading to a high g‐factor penalty. We introduce a method to create interslice image shifts in the phase encoding direction to increase the distance between aliasing pixels. The shift between the slices is induced using sign‐ and amplitude‐modulated slice‐select gradient blips simultaneous with the EPI phase encoding blips. This achieves the desired shifts but avoids an undesired “tilted voxel” blurring artifact associated with previous methods. We validate the method in 3× slice‐accelerated spin‐echo and gradient‐echo EPI at 3 T and 7 T using 32‐channel radio frequency (RF) coil brain arrays. The Monte‐Carlo simulated average g‐factor penalty of the 3‐fold slice‐accelerated acquisition with interslice shifts is <1% at 3 T (compared with 32% without slice shift). Combining 3× slice acceleration with 2× inplane acceleration, the g‐factor penalty becomes 19% at 3 T and 10% at 7 T (compared with 41% and 23% without slice shift). We demonstrate the potential of the method for accelerating diffusion imaging by comparing the fiber orientation uncertainty, where the 3‐fold faster acquisition showed no noticeable degradation. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.