Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fertilizer levels and organic sources of nitrogen on production potential of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) and soil properties under system of rice intensification

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the performance of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) PHB 71 to fertilizer levels and nitrogen levels applied through organic sources on production potential, nutrient uptake and soil physic-chemical properties un- der system of rice intensification (SRI). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design keeping 3 fertilizer levels [50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)] in main plots and three levels of nitrogen (15, 30 and 45 kg N/ha) applied through 2 organic sources (FYM, farmyard manure and VC, vermicompost) in sub-plots com- prising 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice. An application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) increased effective tillers/m2 (10.1%), filled grains/panicle (18.6%), test weight (11.0%), grain yield (19.0%) and straw yield (24.2%) over the 50% RDF. As regards the 3 levels of N (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) through organic sources, an application of 45 kg N either through VC or FYM resulted in higher values of yield attributes, grain and straw yields than 30 kg N/ha either through VC or FYM. Further, increasing fertilizer levels from 50% to 100% RDF, significantly enhanced the nutrient uptake (NPK) by grain and straw as well as soil organic carbon content and available NPK at harvesting. However, 45 kg N/ha applied either through FYM or VC resulted in the maximum NPK uptake by the crop and enhanced soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon as well as available N, P and K content of the soil, but reduced the soil pH at the end of two crop cycles. Interactive effect on grain yield was found significant between fertilizer levels and organic sources applied at varied N levels. Application of 75% RDF + 45 kg N/ha through VC resulted in markedly higher grain yield but remained at par with 100% RDF applied in con- junction with 30 or 45 kg N/ha as FYM and VC both. The integration of 100% RDF accompanied with 30 kg N/ha through VC gave the maximum net returns ( 59,804/ha).
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Comparative Data on Colposuspensions , Pubovaginal Slings , and Midurethral Tapes in the Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

a Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy b Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy c Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA d Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Urology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK e Section of Urology and Andrology, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy f Directorate of Women’s Services, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK g Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland h Department of Urology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 5 8 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 2 1 8 – 2 3 8
Executing Management Control through Decision Technology

When competition is tough and resources are scarce, management may seek ways to systematise their decision-making process so as to control their operations and resource allocations. Yet little is known about how decision technology is used as a means to administer managerial control. This research investigates how an organisation used decision technology to execute management control to manage the work activities of their employees in a group decision-making setting. It assesses the impact decision technology has had at the firm level focusing on the transformation of the formalised decision process and the individuals involved. The research is carried out using case study, where the data is collected from multiple sources including passive observations in board meetings and functional team meetings, and interviews with decision makers of different hierarchal levels. We found that the decision technology not only enabled management to execute management control vertically across different hierarchal levels but also horizontally over their fellow peers. We also learned that product development decisions that were previously avoided (due to fear of project failure) are now made. This is noted from the increased number of radical (for the firm) new products commercially launched.
Characterization of a Unique Basolateral Targeting Domain in the Drosophila Tgf-β Type Ii Receptor Punt a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Minnesota by in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science

i Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Mike O'Connor for his mentorship and guidance throughout my time in the lab. I truly appreciate your patience, your willingness to help, and your insight into both science and life. I would also like to thank all the past and present members of my committee, Dr. David Odde, for scientific input. Finally, I would like to thank the members of the O'Connor lab for all the assistance throughout the years and for creating such a great work environment. I would especially like to thank Dr. Aidan Peterson, who I worked closely with on this project and has been a great scientific resource and friend. Abstract In polarized epithelial cells, differential localization of receptors and ligands can control signaling. Drosophila wing imaginal discs are a polarized epithelial layer in which the TGF-β superfamily ligand Dpp is expressed both apically and basolaterally, yet requires a graded distribution throughout the disc to signal properly. We found that Punt, the type II TGF-β receptor that Dpp signals through, is localized specifically at the basolateral membrane, which limits Dpp signaling to the basolateral surface. In characterizing the sequence of Punt, our lab found a unique basolateral targeting domain, the Punt targeting domain (PTD). The PTD is both necessary and sufficient for basolateral localization. Mutation of the insect-conserved portion and whole PTD results in apical mislocalization but characterization of the PTD shows that there is no minimal sequence within the PTD responsible for function. Furthermore, changes in localization of Punt and the other type II receptor Wit affect fly viability.
Abstract path testing with PathCrawler

PathCrawler is a tool developed by CEA List for the automatic generation of test inputs to ensure the coverage of all feasible execution paths of a C function. Due to its concolic approach and depth-first exhaustive search strategy implemented in Prolog, PathCrawler is particularly efficient in the generation of tests to cover the fully expanded tree of feasible paths. However, for many tested functions this coverage criterion demands too many tests and a weaker criterion must be used. In order to efficiently generate tests for a new criterion whilst still using a concolic approach, we must modify the search strategy. To facilitate the definition and comparison of different coverage criteria, we propose a new type of tree, trees of abstract paths, and define the different types of abstract node in these trees. We demonstrate how several criteria can be conveniently defined in terms of coverage of these new trees. Moreover, efficient generation of tests to satisfy these criteria using the concolic approach can be designed as different strategies to explore these trees.
Does the Iranian oil supply matter for the oil prices

There is an increasing tension between the Iranian Government and the west on an increasingly likely European oil embargo and the Iranian threat to close the Strait of Hormuz. The main question is: What will happen to the international oil prices in the case of shocks in the flow of Iranian oil to the international markets? In this study, we analyze the dynamic relationship between the Iranian oil supply and international oil prices from January 1973 - September 2011, using a modified version of the Granger causality test introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Our results show that there is no Granger causality between the Iranian oil production and international oil prices. Historical data on the Iranian oil production do not provide any useful information to explain the current and future values of international oil prices. Thus, global oil prices do not follow shocks in the Iranian oil production.
DocMatrix: Self‐teaching from multiple sources

Learners have a wealth of online resources to help them teach themselves new knowledge. However, not all resources are of equal quality or appropriateness for a learner, given the particular set of prior knowledge they bring to the learning task. Without a teacher, finding appropriate sources that shed light on a topic, collectively or individually, is critical. We present DocMatrix, an interface for viewing multiple documents in parallel, with three key features: a grid of document viewers, a common term sidebar, and enhanced tables of contents. It is designed to let an interested learner view, filter, highlight, and search many documents on a topic simultaneously. We implemented the DocMatrix interface for Google Books, and ran a user study of the prototype. The results of this study indicate DocMatrix allowed users to find, read, and synthesize more information than a traditional single‐book interface.
Investigation of Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Factors with Effect on Suicidal Behaviour in Adolescents with Depression.

INTRODUCTION Our study aimed at investigating social, emotional, and cognitive factors playing a role in the development of suicidal ideation in depressed adolescents and its turning into a suicide attempt. METHOD Sixty-three adolescents (48 female, 15 male) aged 12 to 18 years were included in the study. In face-to-face interviews, suicide ideation, suicide plans, and previous suicide attempts were evaluated, sociodemographic data were collected. Additionally, the Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I, II), Beck Hopelessness Scale, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Strengths and the Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parent forms were applied. SPSS version 13.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS It has been established that in the last six months, 71.4% of cases (n=45) had suicidal ideation and 27% (n=17) attempted suicide. Factors associated with suicidal ideation in depressed adolescents were: high depression and anxiety levels, hopelessness and low self-esteem (p<0.05). Factors associated with suicide attempts were: separated family background, lower perceived family support and high rates of conduct difficulties (p<0.05). Patients with suicide attempt differed from patients with suicidal ideation but without suicide attempt in lower perceived family support only (p<0.05). DISCUSSION It is thought that keeping in mind the factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation and its turning into a suicide attempt, will help clinicians in preventing suicide attempts in depressed adolescents.
Science park or innovation cluster?: Similarities and differences in physical and virtual firms' agglomeration phenomena

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the science park (SP) “physical” location and the innovation cluster (IC) “virtual” location, and aims at investigating: the motivations driving firms to settle in these two agglomerations; the main problems firms, belonging to the two structures, face in their growth process; similarities and differences between a “physical” and a “virtual” location; which forms of proximity (geographical, relational, social, cognitive, organizational, and institutional) play a role within the SP and the IC. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review on proximity is followed by an investigation of the Bioindustry Park and the IC BioPmed in Piedmont region in Italy, through a structured questionnaire, sent between February and March 2002, to firms co-located in the park and/or member of the cluster. Findings – From the analysis did emerge that the physical location in the park and the virtual location in the cluster might be complements rather than substitutes. Res.
4001 Short Report

Introduction Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are directly targeted to the apical domain of the plasma membrane in the majority of polarised epithelial cells. They also partition preferentially in dynamic membrane domains that are enriched in sphingolipid and cholesterol – called rafts or detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) because of their resistance to extraction using It has therefore been proposed that the GPI anchor acts as an apical sorting signal (Lisanti et al., 1989) by mediating the incorporation of GPI-APs into rafts (Simons and Ikonen, 1997). However, raft-association is not sufficient to determine apical sorting of GPI-APs, because DRM-associated GPI-APs are sorted both to apical and basolateral membranes of polarised epithelial cells Paladino et al., 2007). By contrast, only apical GPI-APs oligomerise during their delivery to the apical membrane, and impairment of their oligomerisation leads to their basolateral missorting (Paladino et al., 2004; Paladino et al., 2007). We have previously proposed that protein oligomerisation is the key step in the apical sorting of GPI-APs (Paladino et al., 2004). However, the mechanism responsible for apical GPI-AP oligomerisation is still unknown. GPI-APs could interact with each other and with other molecules via the glycolipid anchor and/or the protein ectodomain, therefore lipid-lipid, lipid-protein and also protein-protein interactions could be involved in their oligomerisation. GPI-AP oligomers appear to be protein specific and once formed are not sensitive to cholesterol depletion, suggesting that they are maintained by protein-protein
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes Influence of Acoustic Experience on the Ontogeny of Frequency Generalization Gradients in the Chicken

The role of auditory experience in the ontogeny of perceptual coding was investigated in hatchling chickens. In Experiment 1, auditory frequency generalization gradients were determined by using a habituation-generalization paradigm and an orienting response. One-day and 3-4-day chicks were habituated to 800-Hz tones and then tested at five frequencies ranging from 800 to 1,000 Hz. One-day chicks displayed reliably flatter generalization gradients-than 3-4-day chicks. In Experiment 2 an auditory deprivation method is described in which an ear impression compound was injected into the external ear. This method (a) is fully calibrated and provides approximately 40 dB of attenuation across a . 125-to 4.0-kHz range, (b) appears to be fully reversible, and (c) is applicable prior to normal auditory experience as well as at subsequent stages. In Experiment 3, this method was used to investigate the effects of auditory deprivation on the "perceptual sharpen-ing" described in Experiment 1. Chicks were deprived from Embryonic Day 184 to 3-4 days posthatch, at which time normal, deprived, and sham-operated chicks were tested as in Experiment 1. The generalization gradients of the deprived chicks were significantly flatter than, those of the 3-4 day normal and sham-operated chicks and were similar to those of 1-day chicks. This effect cannot be attributed to (a) operative procedures, (b) changes in auditory thresholds, or (c) changes in response rate with age or condition. Thus the perceptual sharpening normally occurring between 1 and 3-4 days posthatch fails to occur during that time in the absence of a normal acoustic environment. According to one view, both perceptual thai, 1975), and fewer stimulus classifica-and cognitive development involve responses tions are made by younger children than to increasingly specific environmental stim-by older children Such "perceptual Taken together, these and other results (see sharpening" is exemplified by a number of Rubel & Rosenthal, 1975; Tees, 1976) in-phenomena; for example, during normal dicate that sharpening of perceptual pro-ontogeny, species-typical behavioral recesses occurs during normal ontogeny, sponses are evoked by a decreasing number In addition, many experiments indicate The generalization functions found in young example, that in simultaneous preference subjects are significantly flatter than those tests, normal ducklings select normal ma-found in older organisms (Rubel & Rosen-ternal calls over both low-and high-fre
Studying User Income through Language, Behaviour and Affect in Social Media

Automatically inferring user demographics from social media posts is useful for both social science research and a range of downstream applications in marketing and politics. We present the first extensive study where user behaviour on Twitter is used to build a predictive model of income. We apply non-linear methods for regression, i.e. Gaussian Processes, achieving strong correlation between predicted and actual user income. This allows us to shed light on the factors that characterise income on Twitter and analyse their interplay with user emotions and sentiment, perceived psycho-demographics and language use expressed through the topics of their posts. Our analysis uncovers correlations between different feature categories and income, some of which reflect common belief e.g. higher perceived education and intelligence indicates higher earnings, known differences e.g. gender and age differences, however, others show novel findings e.g. higher income users express more fear and anger, whereas lower income users express more of the time emotion and opinions.
New Families of Fourier Eigenfunctions for Steerable Filtering

A new diadic family of eigenfunctions of the 2-D Fourier transform has been discovered. Specifically, new wavelets are derived by steering the elongated Hermite-Gauss filters with respect to rotations, thus obtaining a natural generalization of the Laguerre-Gauss harmonics. Interestingly, these functions are also proportional to their 2-D Fourier transform. Their analytical expression is provided in a compact and treatable form, by means of a new ad hoc matrix notation in which the cases of even and odd orders of the Hermite polynomials are unified. Moreover, these functions can be efficiently implemented by means of a recursive formula that is derived in this paper. The proposed filters are applied to the problem of gradient estimation to improve the theoretical Canny tradeoff of position accuracy versus noise rejection that occurs in edge detection. Experimental results show considerable improvements in using the new wavelets over both isotropic Gaussian derivatives and other elongated steerable filters more recently introduced. Finally, being the proposed wavelets a set of Fourier eigenfunctions, they can be of interest in other fields of science, such as optics and quantum mechanics.
Kernel represenation of the Kesler construction for Multi-class SVM classiﬁcation

We propose a transformation from the multi-class SVM classiﬁcation problem to the single-class SVM problem which is more convenient for optimization. The proposed transformation is based on simplifying the original problem and employing the Kesler construction which can be carried out by the use of properly deﬁned kernel only. The experiments conducted indicate that the proposed method is comparable with the one-against-all decomposition solved by the state-of-the-art SMO algorithm.
Integrating cortico-limbic-basal ganglia architectures for learning model-based and model-free navigation strategies

Behavior in spatial navigation is often organized into map-based (place-driven) vs. map-free (cue-driven) strategies; behavior in operant conditioning research is often organized into goal-directed vs. habitual strategies. Here we attempt to unify the two. We review one powerful theory for distinct forms of learning during instrumental conditioning, namely model-based (maintaining a representation of the world) and model-free (reacting to immediate stimuli) learning algorithms. We extend these lines of argument to propose an alternative taxonomy for spatial navigation, showing how various previously identified strategies can be distinguished as “model-based” or “model-free” depending on the usage of information and not on the type of information (e.g., cue vs. place). We argue that identifying “model-free” learning with dorsolateral striatum and “model-based” learning with dorsomedial striatum could reconcile numerous conflicting results in the spatial navigation literature. From this perspective, we further propose that the ventral striatum plays key roles in the model-building process. We propose that the core of the ventral striatum is positioned to learn the probability of action selection for every transition between states of the world. We further review suggestions that the ventral striatal core and shell are positioned to act as “critics” contributing to the computation of a reward prediction error for model-free and model-based systems, respectively.
Evaluating Mutual Fund Performance and its Persistence using Shrinkage Estimators ∗

In this study, we evaluate the usefulness of shrinkage estimation in analyzing mutual fund performance and its persistence. Shrinkage estimators exploit information contained in the cross-section of mutual fund returns and enable a more accurate estimation of mutual fund alphas. We present and analyze three alternative shrinkage estimators and investigate their properties in a simulated sample of mutual funds in comparison with standard OLS estimators. We focus on the implications of using these estimators as an alternative approach to persistence analysis. All shrinkage estimators are fairly easy to compute using information from returns only. The results indicate that shrunk estimates are substantially more accurate than OLS in realistic settings. Consequently, persistence studies using shrunk estimates appear to be significantly more reliable.
The Effect of Job Training Programs at a Juvenile Correctional Facility in Japan

We consider the e¤ect of characteristics of prison inmates in general and the job training program participation in particular on the recidivism in Japan. By empolying individual level dataset from a Kawagoe Juvenile Correctional Facility, we nd that some of the inmates characterstics will lower recidivism and the participation in job training is e¤ective in lowering the probability of re-entry into prison.
Intraseasonal Interactions between Temperature and Vegetation over the Boreal Forests

Abstract This paper uses statistical and analytical techniques to investigate intraseasonal interactions between temperature and vegetation [surrogated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)] over the boreal forests. Results indicate that interactions between the two fields may be approximated as a coupled second-order system, in which the variability of NDVI and temperature of the current month is significantly regulated by lagged NDVI anomalies from the preceding two months. In particular, the influence from the one-month lagged NDVI anomalies upon both temperature and vegetation variability is generally positive, but the influence from the second-month lagged NDVI anomalies is often negative. Such regulations lead to an intrinsic oscillatory variability of vegetation at growing-season time scales across the study domain. The regulation of temperature variability by NDVI anomalies is most significant over interior Asia (Siberia), suggesting strong vegetation–atmosphere couplings over these.