Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The acute, developmental, genetic and inhalation toxicology of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf)

Abstract 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) is being developed as a refrigerant because it has a very low global warming potential (less than 10), as contrasted to the hydrofluorocarbons, which is intended to replace with values of over 500. Several toxicology studies were conducted to develop a toxicology profile for this material. There was no lethality in mice and rats receiving single 4-hour exposures up to 101 850 or 405 800 ppm, respectively. Additionally, there was no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity when rabbits were exposed to 100 000 ppm for 1 hour. Exposures up to 120 000 ppm did not induce cardiac sensitization to adrenalin in dogs. Rats were exposed to HFO-1234yf at levels of 5000, 20 000 and 50 000 ppm 6 hours/day 5 days/week for 2 weeks and at levels of 5000, 15 000 and 50 000 ppm for 4 weeks and for 90 days. No treatment-related adverse effects were noted in these studies. HFO-1234yf was not genotoxic in a mouse and a rat micronucleus assay, and unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and was not clastogenic in human lymphocytes. HFO-1234yf was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) at concentrations of 20% and higher in the presence of metabolic activation only. There were no biologically significant effects in a rat developmental toxicity study with exposures up to 50 000 ppm.
Electronic Globalized Business and Sustainable Development Through IT Management: Strategies and Perspectives

Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos is a Professor in the Department of Business Administration and Accountability in the Faculty of Economics of the University of Oviedo, Spain. Her teaching and research interests focus on the areas of strategic management, knowledge management, intellectual capital measuring and reporting, organisational learning and human resources management. She serves as Executive Editor of the International Journal of Learning and Intellectual and the International Journal of Strategic Change Management. She also serves as Associate Editor of Behaviour and Information Technology. Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain), Miltiadis Lytras (CTI, Greece), Waldemar Karwowski (University of Central Florida, USA) and Rongbin W.B. Lee (Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong)
Internet Incidence on SME's Sales: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to determine how much is the "bonus" or "prize" to the sales per worker of Internet-using firms compared to not Internet-using firms. The author employs matching techniques based on an Argentinean database. The author first presents a binary logit model, in which the dependent variable is a dichotomous variable equal to 1 if the firm adopted Internet and 0 otherwise, to evaluate the factors that influence a firm's probability of adopting Internet. A propensity score matching PSM model is then used to assess the impact of using Internet on the sales per worker. The author finds statically significant differences in the sales average between firms that are similar in many dimensions such as location, size, and sales market except for the Internet adoption decision. By probing that Internet access improves SME's sales, the author is validating the Public Sector ICT modernization programs for SME. The contribution of this paper consists of using a well known technique as PSM to analyze a recent field of research which is the contribution of Internet adoption to the firm's sales per worker.
Awareness of Sponsorship and Corporate Image: An Empirical Investigation

Abstract Corporate sponsorship is growing in importance as an element of the communications mix. The number of companies participating in sponsorship, as well as corporate expenditures for sponsoring events, is on the rise as organizations seek new ways to reach audiences and enhance their image. The importance of corporate sponsorship is now generally acknowledged, but little research has been done to understand its value and effectiveness. An exploratory study was conducted to examine the relationship between sponsorship and corporate image. The results suggest that corporate sponsorship can improve corporate image, but its effects differ among companies. Moreover, sponsorship is only one of the information sources consumers use to form their impressions of an organization. Under certain circumstances, corporate sponsorship can damage, rather than enhance, the image of a company.
Evolution and selection of river networks: Statics, dynamics, and complexity

Significance Our focus is on a rich interdisciplinary problem touching on earth science, hydrology, and statistical mechanics—an understanding of the statics and dynamics of the network structures that we observe in the fluvial landscape, and their relation to evolution and selection of recurrent patterns of self-organization. It is an exemplar of how diverse ideas, numerical simulation, and elementary mathematics can come together to help solve the mystery of understanding a ubiquitous pattern of nature. Moving from the exact result that drainage network configurations minimizing total energy dissipation are stationary solutions of the general equation describing landscape evolution, we review the static properties and the dynamic origins of the scale-invariant structure of optimal river patterns. Optimal channel networks (OCNs) are feasible optimal configurations of a spanning network mimicking landscape evolution and network selection through imperfect searches for dynamically accessible states. OCNs are spanning loopless configurations, however, only under precise physical requirements that arise under the constraints imposed by river dynamics—every spanning tree is exactly a local minimum of total energy dissipation. It is remarkable that dynamically accessible configurations, the local optima, stabilize into diverse metastable forms that are nevertheless characterized by universal statistical features. Such universal features explain very well the statistics of, and the linkages among, the scaling features measured for fluvial landforms across a broad range of scales regardless of geology, exposed lithology, vegetation, or climate, and differ significantly from those of the ground state, known exactly. Results are provided on the emergence of criticality through adaptative evolution and on the yet-unexplored range of applications of the OCN concept.
Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Agriculture and Industrial Sector in Rural Areas of Semarang Regency Indonesia

Sources of income of farmers not only from the agricultural sector, but farmers often also work in other sectors such as in the non-agricultural sector. In this regard, the economic empowerment of farmers should also consider the development of the capacity of farmers outside the agricultural sector. This research aims to develop a general model of entrepreneurial empowerment in agriculture and non-agriculture industry based on factors that affect economic welfare of farmers who sought in agriculture and non-agricultural industries in rural areas in Semarang Regency. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 342 farmers who only work in agriculture and farmers have a second job in the agro-processing industry sector. The analysis was performed by multiple linear regression analysis approach. The results found in this study is the empowerment of poor rural farmers not only can be done by increasing the capacity of physical resources (land tenure, irrigation networks), but also non-physical resource capacity (capacity management, social capital, entrepreneurship), and the relationship between business sectors farmer. The implications of the results of this study are farmers with low agricultural land tenure and no access to irrigation should be encouraged to self-employed in the industrial sector in addition to the agricultural sector to increase their revenue through the development of management and entrepreneurial capacity
Toward a Postmodern Prince? The Battle in Seattle as a Moment in the New Politics of Globalisation

This essay analyses recent protests against aspects of neoliberal globalisation, as for example at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ministerial Meeting in Seattle in late 1999 and in Washington, DC in spring 2000 to coincide with the IMF and World Bank Annual Meetings. I first examine the reasons for the failure of the Seattle talks, and secondly, evaluate the protests and their political significance. Finally, I analyse some emerging forms of political agency associated with struggles over the nature and direction of globalisation that I call the ‘the postmodern Prince’. This concept is elaborated in the final section of this essay. It is important to stress at the outset, however, that in this essay the term ‘postmodern’ does not refer, as it often does, to a discursive or aesthetic moment. In my usage, ‘postmodern’ refers to a set of conditions, particularly political, material, and ecological that are giving rise to new forms of political agency whose defining myths are associated with the quest to ensure human and intergenerational security on and for the planet, as well as democratic human development and human rights. As such, the multiple and diverse political forces that form the postmodern Prince combine both defensive and forward-looking strategies. Rather than engaging in deconstruction, they seek to develop a global and universal politics of radical (re)construction. The battle in Seattle took place both inside and outside the conference centre in which the meetings took place; the collapse of the discussions was partly caused by the greater visibility of trade issues in the everyday lives of citizens and the
Increases in blood flow and shear stress to nonworking limbs during incremental exercise.

PURPOSE Regular exercise augments endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity in the vasculature located in the nonworking limbs. We determined whether blood flow as well as shear stress would change in inactive limbs during acute incremental exercise. METHODS Eight young healthy female subjects performed graded exercise on arm and leg cycle ergometers that had been modified to minimize the movement of nonworking limbs and to facilitate the placement of Doppler transducers. Both brachial and femoral blood flow was monitored using Doppler ultrasonography. EMG activity was also measured to document that there was no muscular activity in nonworking muscles. RESULTS During leg exercise, brachial blood flow and calculated shear stress gradually and curvilinearly increased (P < 0.05). At the peak work rate, there was an approximately fourfold increase in blood flow in the brachial artery (19 +/- 6 vs 77 +/- 16 mL x min(-1)). Femoral blood flow and calculated shear stress increased progressively and linearly during arm exercise (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that blood flow to the nonworking limbs increases markedly in proportion to the work intensity. These results suggest that the conduit arteries in the nonworking limbs are exposed to increases in blood flow and shear stress during exercise.
An Empirical Study in Subcontractor Selection and Long-Term Alliance Relationship between Main-Contractor and Subcontractor

Abstract This paper aims to identify the main contractors’ current practice in subcontractor selection and their perception towards the long-term alliance relationship with their subcontractors. Fifteen interviews were conducted with executives of eight main contracting firms in Australia. The research found that the subcontractors were chosen mainly through selective or open tendering using the criteria of “past performance, technical capability, reputation, financial stability, experience on similar work and lowest price”. With regard to long-term relationship, the research found the main motivation is “to achieve organisational competitive advantages”, and the key successful elements include “trusting behaviour, honesty, open communication and top management commitment”, while the proactive strategies to achieve the long-term relationship include “organise regular meetings, provide incentive financial scheme, maintain constant contacts, provide project programming ownership and provide structured and detail documentation”. It is concluded that, with the aim of enhancing organisational competitive advantage, while selective and open tendering are the main means for subcontractor selection, the main contractors understand the importance and key successful elements of long-term relationship with their subcontractors and they have adopted some strategies to develop and maintain the long-term relationships.
Venture capitalists and entrepreneurs become venture philanthropists

Non-traditional charitable sources of revenue may be categorised as follows: Venture philanthropy: Human resources and funding invested as donation in the charity by entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, trusts and corporations in search of a social return on their investment. It involves high engagement over many years with fixed milestones and tangible returns and exit achieved by developing alternative, sustainable income. Commercial ventures: They seek a financial return on investment by creating a social enterprise operated by charities and their trading/holding companies alone or in partnership with the corporate sector, venture capitalists or investors to provide funding. Venture philanthropists may also ‘invest’ without establishing an equity position in the commercial enterprise. Any profits are re-directed to mission-related activity, although the business activity may or may not be mission related. Social venture capital: It funds commercial ventures (as above) but may not seek a complete return on investment; instead the investor may off set some or all of the investment against social outcomes. Within the context of venture philanthropy, this paper demonstrates how charities, venture capitalists and entrepreneurs may work together in strategic alliances. It explores venture philanthropy from the perspective of venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, giving examples. Charities are shown how to prepare themselves to take advantage of these entrepreneurial opportunities. Although the emphasis in this paper is on venture philanthropy, the processes outlined may be used to help a charity take advantage of opportunities within the broader social entrepreneurial context. Successful venture capitalists and entrepreneurs have demonstrated the ability to turn outline business ideas into big results, frequently in highly competitive business environments. A common characteristic that appears to unite these individuals when they divert their interest toward social ventures is a desire to apply their business-like approach, which includes planning processes, milestones and outcome measurement to their social venture activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational Impression Management Behaviors in Social Media: A Perspective of a Social Networking Site

In the macro-organizational level, Impression Management (IM) is the study of how organizations attempt to manage or control the perceptions others form of them. Among the studies about organizational IM theory, relatively little discussion was framed under the social media settings. This proposed study is designed to use text mining and opinion mining techniques to answer two research questions: (1) What IM tactics do hospitality companies use on Facebook? And (2) how effectively do hospitality companies’ use IM tactics on Facebook? Research findings may help hospitality managers to better manage the impressions among consumers on Facebook.
Multilevel Service Design: From Customer Value Constellation to Service Experience Blueprinting

The proliferation of complex service systems raises new challenges for service design and requires new methods. Multilevel Service Design (MSD) is presented as a new interdisciplinary method for designing complex service systems. MSD synthesizes contributions from new service development, interaction design, and the emerging field of service design. MSD enables integrated development of service offerings at three hierarchical levels: (a) Designing the firm’s service concept with the customer value constellation of service offerings for the value constellation experience; (b) Designing the firm’s service system, comprising its architecture and navigation, for the service experience; and (c) Designing each service encounter with the Service Experience Blueprint for the service encounter experience. Applications of the MSD method are described for designing a new retail grocery service and for redesigning a bank service. MSD contributes an interdisciplinary service design method that accommodates the cocreative nature of customer experiences and enables experience integration from the design of the service concept through the design of the service system and service encounter.
Detecting contextual word polarity using aspect based sentiment analysis and logistic regression

Sentiment analysis (SA) is a process done computationally for detecting opinion as well as determining their polarity. Context dependent opinion words remains as a challenge for SA since their polarity changes according to the context in which they are used. This work proposes a new approach for solving this problem using (aspect, opinion) pairs and logistic regression (LR) model. Syntactic rules are used for obtaining (aspect, opinion) pairs. LR model is employed as the classifier for classifying the sentiment words into positive class or negative class. In this work we have considered product review dataset and the evaluation results obtained showed an improved classification accuracy.
Importance of black carbon in distribution and bioaccumulation models of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated marine sediments

The roles and relative importance of nonpyrogenic organic carbon (NPOC) and black carbon (BC) as binding phases of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed by their ability to estimate pore water concentrations and biological uptake in various marine sediments. Sediment bioaccumulation tests were performed with the marine polychaete Nereis virens, using a polyethylene device to estimate pore water concentrations of PAHs. Using existing partitioning data for pyrene and phenanthrene, it was found that the traditional Equilibrium Partitioning model, which assumes all organic carbon is NPOC (EqPOC), overestimated the measured pore water concentrations in the test sediments by one to three orders of magnitude. Instead, the measured pore water concentrations were better predicted from a distribution scenario that uses both BC and NPOC (EqPNPOC,BC). When comparing actual worm body burdens of pyrene and phenanthrene with the two model estimates of worm tissue concentrations, the EqPOC model tended to overestimate actual body burdens by three orders of magnitude, while the EqPNPOC,BC model came much closer to the true body burden values. The observed distribution of PAHs in the test sediments was used to calculate BC partition coefficients for five PAHs, which were one to two orders of magnitude higher than their corresponding organic carbon–normalized distribution coefficients, or KOCs. Together, these results suggest that, in certain situations, adding black carbon to distribution models may be necessary to predict accurately the bioavailability of PAHs.
The Effects of Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation of Restaurant Franchisers on the Boundary-spanning Behavior and Managerial Performance of Franchisees

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the entrepreneurship and market orientation of franchisers on the boundary-spanning behavior of franchisees in food-service companies in the Yeongnam region. This study also investigated the relationship between the entrepreneurship and market orientation of franchisers and sought to identify the effect of the boundary-spanning behavior of franchisees on their managerial performance. Based on literature reviews, 4 hypotheses were tested. The subjects responding in this study were owners or managers of franchise restaurants in Youngnam province. A total of 605 questionnaires were analyzed using the factor analysis, a reliability test, and structural equation modeling analysis. The results revealed that first, the entrepreneurship and market orientation of franchisers were positively related to the boundary-spanning behaviors of franchisees, and secondly, the entrepreneurship of franchisers was positively related to their market orientation. Finally, the boundary-spanning behavior of franchisees was positively related to their managerial performance. Therefore, food-service franchisers in Youngnam should have the entrepreneurship and market orientation to lead franchisees to have positive boundary-spanning behaviors and good performance.
A cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) programme for anxiety following moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): Two case studies

Background: CBT is a potentially effective treatment for anxiety disorders following TBI; however, empirical evidence has mainly come from clients with mild TBI. This paper describes a CBT-based anxiety treatment programme adapted for clients with more severe injuries. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the implementation of the programme, as a step toward larger scale testing of the programme's feasibility. Methods and procedures: A manualised adapted CBT treatment manual was used to deliver CBT in a standardised manner to two clients, one with severe and one with moderate TBI. Outcome was evaluated using a single-subject design with repeated measures of anxiety, mood and coping style at pre- and post-CBT. Results: The two clients demonstrated positive treatment response on either a measure of anxiety or a continuous measure of distress. Although neither demonstrated a clinically significant change according to the primary outcome measure (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), they showed significant change in at least one corroborated measure of anxiety. Conclusions: This study suggests the potential utility of the adapted CBT programme for clients with moderate–severe TBI. Limitations of the single case studies were discussed, while noting how they would be addressed in a follow-up randomised controlled trial.