Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures

Equatorial planetary scale wave modes such as Kelvin waves or Rossby-gravity waves are excited by convective processes in the troposphere. In this paper an analysis for these and other equatorial wave modes is carried out with special focus on the stratosphere using temperature data from the SABER satellite instrument as well as ECMWF temperatures. Space-time spectra of symmetric and antisymmetric spectral power are derived to separate the different equatorial wave types and the contribution of gravity waves is determined from the spectral background of the space-time spectra. Both gravity waves and equatorial planetary scale wave modes are main drivers of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Temperature variances attributed to the different wave types are calculated for the period from February 2002 until March 2006 and compared to previous findings. A comparison between SABER and ECMWF wave analyses shows that in the lower stratosphere SABER and ECMWF spectra and temperature variances agree remarkably well while in the upper stratosphere ECMWF tends to overestimate Kelvin wave components. Gravity wave variances are partly reproduced by ECMWF but have a significant low-bias. For the examples of a QBO westerly phase (October–December 2004) and a QBO easterly phase (November/December 2005, period of the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft campaign in Darwin/Australia) in the lower stratosphere we find qualitatively good agreement between SABER and ECMWF in the longitude-time distribution of Kelvin, Rossby ( n =1), and Rossby-gravity waves.
Perceived Social Supports, Computer Self-Efficacy, and Computer Use among High School Students

This study investigated the function of social supports and computer self-efficacy in predicting high school students’ perceived effect of computer use. The study was survey method to collect data. The questionnaires were distributed to the high school students in Taiwan. 620 questionnaires were distributed and 525 questionnaires were gathered back with 84.67% return rate. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) and model invariance analysis indicate that perceived peer support played an important role in predicting the effects of advanced computer self-efficacy. However, general computer self-efficacy was the factor more strongly associated with student computer use. The results were analyzed to provide useful insight into the development of student computer competency. The modified scale was a valid and reliable instrument for large scale population. This study provided representative results for further related studies. Educational implications and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Comparing Influenza and Rsv Viral and Disease Dynamics in Experimentally Infected Adults Predicts Clinical Effectiveness of Rsv Antivirals

Background Antivirals reduce influenza viral replication and illness measures, particularly if initiated early, within 48 h of symptom onset. Whether experimental antivirals that reduce respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) load would also reduce disease is unknown. This study compares viral and disease dynamics in humans experimentally infected with influenza or RSV. Methods Clinical strains of RSV-A and influenza A were inoculated intranasally into 20 and 17 healthy volunteers, respectively, on day 0. Symptom scores and nasal washes were performed twice daily, and daily mucus weights were collected. Viral loads in nasal washes were quantified by culture (plaque assay in HEp-2 cells for RSV and by end point dilution in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells for influenza). Results After influenza inoculation, influenza viral load and illness markers increased simultaneously until day 2. Within individual subjects, peak influenza load occurred 0.4 days (95% CI -0.4, 1.3) before peak symptoms. Influenza viral load and disease declined thereafter. After RSV inoculation, a longer incubation period occurred prior to viral detection and symptom onset. RSV load and disease increased together until day 5. Within individual subjects, peak RSV loads occurred 0.2 days (95% CI -0.7, 1.05) before peak symptoms, after which both illness measures and viral load declined together. Conclusions Viral and disease dynamics in experimental human infections suggest that reducing RSV load, if timed similarly to clinically-effective influenza antivirals, might be expected to have a similar or greater window of opportunity for reducing clinical RSV disease.
Privacy, anonymity and interpersonal competition issues identified during participatory design of project management groupware!

Project Management Groupware (PMG) presents complex design challenges because the resulting system can act as both (a) a community for interpersonal collaboration and (b) an arena for interpersonal competition. This paper describes an application of the participatory design paradigm to explore these issues, and to track the contingent evolution of computing systems and social systems around the PMG. We describe work in progress on the design of an experimental prototype that appears to have novel attributes in the areas of interpersonal collaboration and competition, information filtration, privacy, and elective anonymity in interpersonal communications.
An Arabic programming environment

This work presents the interface design of an Arabic Programming Environment (APE). The environment is an attempt to Arabize the user interface for programming languages under MS-Windows. It consists of two interrelated parts. The first part is the Arabic environment that enables users to create and edit programs in Arabic. The second part is the Arabic compiler. This paper describes only the first part of this project. It also states the main characteristics of the Arabic language that affects this work.
Quality and information management in the laboratory

Quality management is an important aspect of work for laboratories of any size. Higher quality leads to higher productivity and thus allows an organization to compete better on the market. In order for quality management to be successful the organization must effectively manage the collection and dissemination of information. The management of information must be efficient so that gains in productivity are not offset by time-consuming paperwork. We present a methodology for the joint management of quality and information in a laboratory setting. This has been developed over the last two and a half years at the laboratory for molecular biology and functional genomics of the University of Applied Sciences in Wildau, Germany. Our approach is generic and can be applied to any laboratory of small to medium size.
pxGrid-High-Throughput Protein Structure Determination using Computational Grids

Structural biology research places significant demands upon high-performance computing. The elucidation of protein structures at atomic resolution is computationally demanding and requires user-friendly interfaces to high-performance computing resources. Fortunately, critical calculations are embarrassingly parallel and thus ideally suited to distributed computing. Here we discuss how we are using Grid computing to determine the three dimensional structures of proteins in a massively parallel fashion, in a timeframe of hours to days orders of magnitude faster than is currently possible.
Yield-aware floorplanning

Yield is normally ignored during the floorplanning stage. Recently, it has been shown that floorplanning can affect the yield with the increased sizes of chips. With the "medium-area clustering" model, yield can be evaluated during the floorplanning stage. Therefore, it's straightforward to incorporate yield in modern floorplanners. However, conventional simulate-annealing (SA) based moves are only designed for the combination of the area and/or the wire length minimizations. In this paper, we proposed a heuristic scheme of "moves" directly targeting on the yield improvement. The experimental results show a great yield improvement with little penalty for the area and/or the total wire length.
On the Denotational Semantics of Staged Execution of Open Code

The functional meta-programming language MetaML of Sheardet al contains explicit staging constructs for generating and executing code. It provides a much finer control over the order of computation than traditional languages with fixed-evaluation strategies. This paper presen ts a novel denotational semantics for untyped MetaML that provides a remarkably simple treatment of two semantically problematic aspects of the language: computation involves substitution of open code values within the scope of variable-binding constructs; and it also involves “cros sstage persistence”—the reification of compiled values when they are used in contexts expecting a higher-stage, symboli c value. It is shown that solving a suitable domain equation within the Gabbay-Pitts permutation-based model of names and binding produces a denotational semantics of untyped MetaML possessing a strong correspondence with Taha’s big-step, structural operational semantics of the languag e. This gives rise to semantics-based interpreters for MetaML (written in Fresh O’Caml and in Haskell) and the validation of some programming laws for contextual equivalence of expressions.
Security broker for multimedia wireless LANs: design, implementation and testbed

To secure interactive multimedia applications in wireless LANs (WLANs) it is pertinent to implement a number of security services such as authentication, key exchange and real-time encryption/decryption. WLANs, though, present a complex and challenging environment for implementing such security services since these services may deplete the limited network resources and increase the burden of supporting quality of service for multimedia applications. Consequently, a broker is needed to mediate proper security considering inputs such as user security requirements, user security literacy, available network resources, and security routines performance. In this paper we introduce a security broker that we have designed to fulfil these complex mediation needs. This broker is implemented in software and tested in a wireless LAN testbed. The reported security broker design and implementation considers the wireless LAN environment as well as the multimedia applications' quality of service requirements such as delay and throughput. We also introduce an inline encryption/decryption software that encrypts/decrypts traffic on the fly. Our experiments show that in cases where relatively modern computers are used with properly chosen standard encryptors, then such computers can sustain the throughput and security requirements of interactive multimedia applications for WLANs such as telephone-quality audio, video conferencing, and MPEG video.
Exploiting Combined Multi-level Model for Document Sentiment Analysis

This paper focuses on the task of text sentiment analysis in hybrid online articles and web pages. Traditional approaches of text sentiment analysis typically work at a particular level, such as phrase, sentence or document level, which might not be suitable for the documents with too few or too many words. Considering every level analysis has its own advantages, we expect that a combination model may achieve better performance. In this paper, a novel combined model based on phrase and sentence level’s analyses and a discussion on the complementation of different levels’ analyses are presented. For the phrase-level sentiment analysis, a newly defined Left-Middle-Right template and the Conditional Random Fields are used to extract the sentiment words. The Maximum Entropy model is used in the sentence-level sentiment analysis. The experiment results verify that the combination model with specific combination of features is better than single level model.
Pro- and Anti-Mitogenic Actions of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Developing Cerebral Cortex: Potential Mediation by Developmental Switch of PAC1 Receptor mRNA Isoforms

During corticogenesis, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; ADCYAP1) may contribute to proliferation control by activating PAC1 receptors of neural precursors in the embryonic ventricular zone. PAC1 receptors, specifically the hop and short isoforms, couple differentially to and activate distinct pathways that produce pro- or anti-mitogenic actions. Previously, we found that PACAP was an anti-mitogenic signal from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) onward both in culture and in vivo and activated cAMP signaling through the short isoform. However, we now find that mice deficient in PACAP exhibited a decrease in the BrdU labeling index (LI) in E9.5 cortex, suggesting that PACAP normally promotes proliferation at this stage. To further define mechanisms, we established a novel culture model in which the viability of very early cortical precursors (E9.5 mouse and E10.5 rat) could be maintained. At this stage, we found that PACAP evoked intracellular calcium fluxes and increased phospho-PKC levels, as well as stimulated G1 cyclin mRNAs and proteins, S-phase entry, and proliferation without affecting cell survival. Significantly, expression of hop receptor isoform was 24-fold greater than the short isoform at E10.5, a ratio that was reversed at E14.5 when short expression was 15-fold greater and PACAP inhibited mitogenesis. Enhanced hop isoform expression, elicited by in vitro treatment of E10.5 precursors with retinoic acid, correlated with sustained pro-mitogenic action of PACAP beyond the developmental switch. Conversely, depletion of hop receptor using short-hairpin RNA abolished PACAP mitogenic stimulation at E10.5. These observations suggest that PACAP elicits temporally specific effects on cortical proliferation via developmentally regulated expression of specific receptor isoforms.
Delay Functions as the Foundation of Time Preference: Testing for Separable Discounted Utility

Delay functions, which vary timing of rewards but fix the money dimension, can elicit the form of discount functions with minimal assumptions. We present a general theorem that characterizes the set of discount functions and utility indices compatible with any 'regular' preference. We provide conditions to test for separable discounted utility (SDU). We elicit individual delay functions for a range of amounts and time horizons. When we impose SDU assumptions, we classify more than half our analysis sample as exponential discounters. However, we reject SDU assumptions for 68% of the sample in favor of magnitude-dependent discounting with time distortion.
The Genome of the Myxosporean Thelohanellus kitauei Shows Adaptations to Nutrient Acquisition within Its Fish Host

Members of Myxozoa, a parasitic metazoan taxon, have considerable detrimental effects on fish hosts and also have been associated with human food-borne illness. Little is known about their biology and metabolism. Analysis of the genome of Thelohanellus kitauei and comparative analysis with genomes of its two free-living cnidarian relatives revealed that T. kitauei has adapted to parasitism, as indicated by the streamlined metabolic repertoire and the tendency toward anabolism rather than catabolism. Thelohanellus kitauei mainly secretes proteases and protease inhibitors for nutrient digestion (parasite invasion), and depends on endocytosis (mainly low-density lipoprotein receptors-mediated type) and secondary carriers for nutrient absorption. Absence of both classic and complementary anaerobic pathways and gluconeogenesis, the lack of de novo synthesis and reduced activity in hydrolysis of fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides indicated that T. kitauei in this vertebrate host–parasite system has adapted to inhabit a physiological environment extremely rich in both oxygen and nutrients (especially glucose), which is consistent with its preferred parasitic site, that is, the host gut submucosa. Taking advantage of the genomic and transcriptomic information, 23 potential nutrition-related T. kitauei-specific chemotherapeutic targets were identified. This first genome sequence of a myxozoan will facilitate development of potential therapeutics for efficient control of myxozoan parasites and ultimately prevent myxozoan-induced fish-borne illnesses in humans.
Cost Aware Load Balanced Task Scheduling with Active VM Load Evaluation

The cloud platforms are gaining more popularity every year and adding up more customers to their portals. The cloud platforms are being flooded with the millions of user queries every second, which are becoming a major challenge to process them in the shortest possible time. The existing solutions do not evaluate the individual load on the virtual machines, while scheduling the tasks on the cloud platforms. In this paper, the new task scheduling model has been proposed, which utilizes the ant colony optimization for the load based VM allocation for each task loaded in the list for processing. The proposed model has been designed to calculate the load on the list of available VMs. The available list of the VM's is evaluated against the process cost, which checks the ability of VM in focus to process the given task. The VMs, who are eligible to process the given task, are shortlisted and the given task is assigned to the VM with the least load. The experimental results have manifested the effectiveness of the proposed model in comparison with the existing models to take the accurate offloading decisions.
Predicting choice of Theme-park destinations in India

Purpose: In this paper we attempt to understand the factors that provides satisfaction to the visitors of theme-park destinations and to predict visitors’ intent to re-visit the theme park destinations in India. Methodology: We have applied factor analysis to understand the attributes that attract visitors to re-visit theme parks and logistic regression techniques to predict if the visitor’s intent to re-visit theme-park destinations on a regular basis. Findings: The results suggest that major factors that visitors consider while confirming re-visit to theme parks in India include lifestyle, historical and leisure. Moreover, tourists visiting such theme parks are always interested in new, innovative and creative ideas to attract and plan their visits on a regular basis. The visitors prefer to experience and feel India mainly listening to regional music and enriching its cultural and historical importance. Originality: This will promote Indian tourism industry by motivating managers to bring up new, creative and innovative ideas to attract more visitors in theme-parks. Business managers may expand their existing business plans in Indian tourism industry.
A Collective Neurodynamic Approach to Constrained Global Optimization

Global optimization is a long-lasting research topic in the field of optimization, posting many challenging theoretic and computational issues. This paper presents a novel collective neurodynamic method for solving constrained global optimization problems. At first, a one-layer recurrent neural network (RNN) is presented for searching the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker points of the optimization problem under study. Next, a collective neuroydnamic optimization approach is developed by emulating the paradigm of brainstorming. Multiple RNNs are exploited cooperatively to search for the global optimal solutions in a framework of particle swarm optimization. Each RNN carries out a precise local search and converges to a candidate solution according to its own neurodynamics. The neuronal state of each neural network is repetitively reset by exchanging historical information of each individual network and the entire group. Wavelet mutation is performed to avoid prematurity, add diversity, and promote global convergence. It is proved in the framework of stochastic optimization that the proposed collective neurodynamic approach is capable of computing the global optimal solutions with probability one provided that a sufficiently large number of neural networks are utilized. The essence of the collective neurodynamic optimization approach lies in its potential to solve constrained global optimization problems in real time. The effectiveness and characteristics of the proposed approach are illustrated by using benchmark optimization problems.
A rose by any other name: A social-cognitive perspective on poets and poetry

Evidence, anecdotal and scientific, suggests that people treat (or are affected by) products of prestigious sources differently than those of less prestigious, or of anonymous, sources. The “products” which are the focus of the present study are poems, and the “sources” are the poets. We explore the manner in which the poet’s name affects the experience of reading a poem. Study 1 establishes the effect we wish to address: a poet’s reputation enhances the evaluation of a poem. Study 2 asks whether it is only the reported evaluation of the poem that is enhanced by the poet’s name (as was the case for The Emperor’s New Clothes) or the enhancement is genuine and unaware. Finding for the latter, Study 3 explores whether the poet’s name changes the reader’s experience of it, so that in a sense one is reading a “different” poem. We conclude that it is not so much that the attributed poem really differs from the unattributed poem, as that it is just ineffably better. The name of a highly regarded poet seems to prime quality, and the poem becomes somehow better. This is a more subtle bias than the deliberate one rejected in Study 2, but it is a bias nonetheless. Ethical implications of this kind of effect are discussed.
Upper critical field, Hall effect and magnetoresistance in the iron-based layered superconductor LaFeAsO0.9F0.1−δ

By using a two-step method, we successfully synthesized the new iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9F0. 1−δ. The resistive transition curves under different magnetic fields were measured, leading to the determination of the upper critical field Hc2(T) of this new superconductor. The value of Hc2 at zero temperature is estimated to be about 50 T roughly. In addition, the Hall effect and magnetoresistance were measured in a wide temperature region. A negative Hall coefficient RH has been found, implying a dominant conduction mainly by electron-like charge carriers in this material. The charge carrier density determined at 100 K is about 9.8 × 1020 cm−3, which is close to the cuprate superconductors. It is further found that the magnetoresistance does not follow Kohler’s law. Meanwhile, the different temperature-dependent behaviors of resistivity, Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance have anomalous properties at about 230 K, which may be induced by some exotic scattering mechanism.
Hierarchical to relational database migration

Although database migration has not yet been extensively researched, three predominant software solutions have evolved: language interfaces, source-code conversion, and data propagation. The authors consider how Swiss Bank and IBM designed and developed the IBM Data Propagator MVS/ESA, which supports interactive and batch data propagation. This software migrates data from the hierarchical IMS to the relational DB2, without affecting existing applications. It supports forward and reverse data propagation, which lets heterogeneous databases coexist. At Swiss Bank, the Data Propagator MVS/ESA handles the main customer and account databases at all five computer centers in Switzerland. <<ETX>>