Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of SIP messages by a syntax filter and SVMs

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is at the root of many sessions-based applications such as VoIP and media streaming that are used by a growing number of users and organizations. The increase of the availability and use of such applications calls for careful attention to the possibility of transferring malformed, incorrect, or malicious SIP messages as they can cause problems ranging from relatively innocuous disturbances to full blown attacks and frauds. To this end, SIP messages are analyzed to be classified as “good” or “bad” depending on whether this structure and content are deemed acceptable or not. This paper presents a classifier of SIP messages based on a two stage filter. The first stage uses a straightforward lexical analyzer to detect and remove all messages that are lexically incorrect with reference to the grammar that is defined by the protocol standard. The second stage uses a machine learning approach based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to analyze the structure of the remaining syntactically correct messages in order to detect semantic anomalies which are deemed a strong indication of a possibly malicious message. The SVM “learns” the structure of the “good” and “bad” SIP messages through an initial training phase and the SVM thus configured correctly classifies messages produced by a synthetic generator and also “real” SIP messages that have been collected from the communication network at our institution. The preliminary results of such classification look very promising and are presented in the final section of this paper.
Inferring the most important types of a query: a semantic approach

In this paper we present a technique for ranking the most important types or categories for a given query. Rather than trying to find the category of the query, known as query categorization, our approach seeks to find the most important types related to the query results. Not necessarily the query category falls into this ranking of types and therefore our approach can be complementary.
The 2010 and 2014 floods in India and Pakistan: dynamical influences on vertical motion and precipitation

Devastating floods in northeast Pakistan and northern India occurred in July 2010 and September 2014 as a consequence of extreme precipitation events. The 2010 and 2014 flood events had similar synoptic flow patterns that led to an anomalously high moisture content in the flood region. The quasi-geostrophic omega equation is inverted in order to attribute components of the large-scale vertical motion profile to synoptic forcing, diabatic heating, and mechanically forced orographic ascent. The results show that diabatic heating is the dominant contributor to the large-scale vertical motion, and suggest that the orographic forcing by flow over the Himalayas is the dominant mechanism by which the convection that produces the heating is forced. Analysis of a longer data record shows that instances of extreme precipitation in this region over the last eleven years are closely associated with simultaneously large values of orographic forcing and column-total precipitable water vapor.
An Effective MIMO-OFDM Transmission Scheme for IEEE 802.22 WRAN Systems

In this paper, we propose a closed-loop MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmission scheme that is appropriate for the IEEE 802.22 WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) channel environments. The proposed scheme utilizes the Grassmannian beamforming and an antenna selection algorithm proposed by the authors to maintain BER (Bit Error Rate) performance and to reduce feedback information. To further reduce the feedback information considering channel property of the IEEE 802.22 WRAN, the proposed scheme employs an extension of the feedback period. Simulation results in the IEEE 802.22 WRAN reference channel models indicate that the proposed MIMO-OFDM transmission scheme achieves superior BER performance and spectral efficiency than open-loop MIMOq-OFDM system even considering the feedback overhead of the system.
Seeing What is Not There: Learning Context to Determine Where Objects are Missing

Most of computer vision focuses on what is in an image. We propose to train a standalone object-centric context representation to perform the opposite task: seeing what is not there. Given an image, our context model can predict where objects should exist, even when no object instances are present. Combined with object detection results, we can perform a novel vision task: finding where objects are missing in an image. Our model is based on a convolutional neural network structure. With a specially designed training strategy, the model learns to ignore objects and focus on context only. It is fully convolutional thus highly efficient. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in one important accessibility task: finding city street regions where curb ramps are missing, which could help millions of people with mobility disabilities.
Tracking an innovation in introductory CS education from a research university to a two-year college

Innovations in teaching and learning computer science education can easily be overly-specific to a given institution, or type of institution. For example, an innovation may require special hardware, or may make assumptions about the background of the students. This paper tracks one such innovation, a multimedia-focused introductory computing course, as it moved from a research-focused university to a public two-year college. At both institutions, the new course resulted in dramatically improved retention. Students at the two-year college were even more motivated and more positive about computing after the course than students at the research university. The results suggest ways of approaching innovation that is easily adaptable to other institutions.
On the uncertainties of decentralized controllers in a transfer production line

In this paper, an information theoretic approach is applied to analyze the performance of a decentralized control system. The control system plays the role of a correcting device which decreases the uncertainties associated with state variables of a production line by applying an appropriate “correcting signal” for each deviation from the target. In particular, a distributed feedback control policy is considered to govern a transfer production line, which consists of machines and buffers and processes a single part type in response to a stochastic demand. It is shown how the uncertainty of the demand propagates dynamically into the production system, causing uncertainties associated with buffer levels and machine production rates. The paper proposes upper estimates for these uncertainties as functions of the demand variance, parameters of the distributed controllers and some physical properties of the production line. The bounds are based on dynamic entropy measures of the system state and the control variables. Some practical implications into the area of decentralized controller design are proposed, an information-economical analysis is presented and a numerical study is performed.
A new nonrecursive pseudorandom number generator based on chaos mappings

Abstract We introduce a new pseudorandom number generator SSR (the Simplified Shift-Real random number generator) which generates the k-th random number nonrecursively (directly) based on chaos mappings on the interval [1, 2). We investigate properties of SSR random numbers and give the theoretical background of generation of random numbers. A practical integral (all-integer) version SSI of SSR, which is suitable for parallel computation, is also provided.
Is the Atmospheric Zonal Index Driven by an Eddy Feedback

Abstract The authors address the question of whether or not eddy feedback plays an important role in driving the anomalous relative angular momentum associated with the zonal index (ZI) in the atmosphere. For this purpose, composites of anomalous relative angular momentum and anomalous eddy angular momentum flux convergence (eddy forcing) are examined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data. By using an empirical orthogonal function analysis, it is found that ZI behavior dominates the summer season of both hemispheres and also the winter season of the Southern Hemisphere. For the summer season, the ZI is characterized by meridional displacements of the midlatitude eddy-driven jet, and for the Southern Hemisphere winter it is characterized by a simultaneous movement of the subtropical and eddy-driven jets in the opposite direction. For the ZI of each of the above seasons, unfiltered eddy forcing did not exhibit a prominent eddy feedback. H.
Rapid Growth of Nanostructured Diamond Film on Silicon and Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Substrates

Nanostructured diamond (NSD) films were grown on silicon and Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). NSD Growth rates of 5 μm/h on silicon, and 4 μm/h on Ti–6Al–4V were achieved. In a chemistry of H2/CH4/N2, varying ratios of CH4/H2 and N2/CH4 were employed in this research and their effect on the resulting diamond films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. As a result of modifying the stock cooling stage of CVD system, we were able to utilize plasma with high power densities in our NSD growth experiments, enabling us to achieve high growth rates. Substrate temperature and N2/CH4 ratio have been found to be key factors in determining the diamond film quality. NSD films grown as part of this study were shown to contain 85% to 90% sp3 bonded carbon.
Talking About Our Mother: Indigenous Videos on Nature and the Environment

In this article, I examine 5 participatory indigenous videos from Peru, Kenya, Philippines, Mexico, and France/Argentina to examine how they narrate the relationship between indigenous peoples and nature. I analyze the videos according to A. A. Doolittle's (2010) rhetorical tools. I discuss the way the videos emphasize (a) the intrinsic relationship between indigenous peoples and Mother Earth or (b) a history of abuse and exploitation leading to land dispossession and environmental degradation. The study contributes to the understanding of indigenous video as an instrument for cultural and political activism. It focuses on the rhetorical dimension of video, taking into account both images and sounds/voices.
What happens with a proportional fair cellular scheduling when D2D communications underlay a cellular network?

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications are seen as promising technology for future wireless systems. However, while underlying cellular networks they can negatively affect the performance of cellular communications when intra-cell spectrum sharing is enabled. The impact of D2D communications is not only seen on the cellular throughput, but also on the decision-making of the cellular scheduling policy. In this paper, we provide an impact assessment of D2D communications on the performance of Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) multi-cell scenario through system-level simulations. Results show that due to excessive interference generated by D2D communications and depending on the accuracy of the link quality measure used to estimate the instantaneous data rate, a PF cellular scheduling policy may get stuck in an infinite loop and continuously selects the same User Equipments (UEs), which reduces the cellular throughput, or even approaches the performance of a Maximum Rate (MR)-based policy, thus affecting service coverage and fairness.
The R ole of Christian Faith in the Acculturation and Identity Development of Chinese Immigrant Youth

Immigration is a life-altering experience that significantly contributes a context for identity formation, a critical and salient task during the years of late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Religion as a influential factor in the lives of youth has often been overlooked and considering the transnational quality of Christianity, it may have an important role to play in the acculturation and identity development of immigrant youth. In this qualitative study, I chose to interview Chinese immigrant youth aged 1823, who are recent immigrants and self-identify as Christian. The central idea of this exploratory inquiry is that each individual interprets experiences of acculturation and identity formation differently and converts them into personally meaningful stories. Using the narrative method, I illustrated the impact of Christianity on the lives of Chinese immigrant youth, their acculturation process, and their identity formation. There were three particularly salient aspects of identity in their stories: ideology, occupation, and the negotiation of their bicultural identity. Participants' self-reflection and integration of Christian values and beliefs were vastly different depending on whether they were raised as a Christian from birth or if they had converted at an older age. Youth also spoke concretely about identity formation as their purpose in life, in which future goals need to align with Christian values. Lastly, the majority of youth strongly identified with their Chinese ethnic identity rather man being Canadian or any combination of Chinese-Canadian. Being Canadian was viewed as adopting Western characteristics and forfeiting their Chinese heritage. There is a reciprocal interplay between Christian faith and these three aspects of identity that were evident in the stories.
An Automatic Dense Point Registration Method for 3D Face Animation

In this paper, we present an automatic point match- ing method to overcome the dense point alignment of scanned 3D faces. The thin plate spline (TPS) transformation is adopted to model the deformation of 3D faces, and to get fully automatic point matching method, a random point selecting method is proposed to get the controlling points for TPS transformation. Integrating this point generating method with an iterative closest point searching strategy, we achieve dense point alignment of 3D faces. 3D face animation is created by interpolation between the aligned 3D faces. The realistic 3D face animation results and the acceptable matching accuracy comparing with the point- handplaced method reveal that the proposed point matching method is efficient for dense point registration with non-rigid deformation.
Using the Java-DSP Real-Time Hardware Interface in Undergraduate Classes

The Java-DSP (J-DSP) software enables students to perform online computer laboratories in undergraduate classes. Although it was shown, through assessment, that the use of the J-DSP software and labs enhanced the learning experience, the addition of a hardware laboratory provides learning opportunities in real-time signal processing that are very valuable. In this paper, we present two hardware J-DSP interfaces that we developed to expose undergraduate students to real-time DSP. The first interface was developed for the Texas Instruments (TI) DSP Starter Kit (DSK) C6713. The J-DSP/DSK interface enables undergraduate students to design and implement signal processing algorithms real time on DSP hardware using the user-friendly graphical interface of J-DSP. The second interface was developed for use with a real-time wireless sensor network. The hardware includes wireless sensor motes that consist of an accelerometer, magnetometer, thermometer, microphone, and light sensor. Although the sensor motes require tedious low-level programming using the nesC language, the J-DSP interface allows students to acquire and examine data using signal analysis tools from the J-DSP environment
Diversity, tradition and family : Australian same-sex attracted parents and their families.

This paper describes the diversity of family forms within a sample of 455 families parented by same-sex couples and same-sex attracted sole parents from Australia and New Zealand. Around one-third of this sample had conceived at least one of their children while in a previous heterosexual relationship. The remaining two-thirds had conceived at least one child within a same-sex relationship or while they were single. Among this group, the largest proportion was women who conceived using home-based self-insemination with a known donor. A smaller proportion of women had conceived through clinic-based insemination or assisted reproduction with a known or unknown donor. There were 60 male participants in the sample. Around 20% of these men were raising children they had conceived through a surrogacy arrangement; the rest had conceived their children within previous heterosexual relationships or through donor arrangements with single women or lesbians. Around 50% of participants described their family form in terms of a two-parent model, where they and their partner were their children's only parents. Around 34% were sharing care of their children with ex-partners, either a previous heterosexual (opposite sex) partner or a previous same-sex partner. Around 10% described themself as their child's sole parent. In large part, participants in this study were not creating radically new family formations, with around half of all participants describing their family in terms of a two-parent ‘nuclear’ model, albeit a model involving parents of the same gender. However, pathways to conception and/or parenthood did reflect nontraditional patterns.
A new method of SAR image target recognition based on SVM

For the existing of speckle , Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image target can’t be recognized well with traditional methods. With the advantage of invariant moments extraction and Support vector machine(SVM) classification, A new method of SAR image target recognition is proposed. Firstly, the training set of SAR images are preprocessed. Then seven Hu’s invariant moments are extracted in target fields and also average gray level values are calculated in the target fields of the SAR image filtered. Following that, by using the vectors composed of normalized invariant moments and average gray level, SVM is trained. Finally, the testing set of SAR images are recognized by trained SVM. In the experiments of recognizing bridge and tank, better results can be obtained with the new method. Key words-SAR image, invariant moments extraction, SVM, SAR image target recognition.
Transferrin is necessary and sufficient for the neural effect on growth in amphibian limb regeneration blastemas

Cell proliferation during the early phase of growth in regenerating amphibian limbs requires a permissive influence of nerves. Based on analyses of proliferative activity in denervated blastemas, it was proposed that nerves provide factors important for cells to complete the proliferative cycle rather than for mitogenesis itself. One such factor, the iron‐transport protein transferrin (Tf), is abundant in regenerating peripheral nerves where it is axonally transported and released at growth cones. Using blastemas in organ culture, which have been widely used in previous investigations of the neural effect on growth, it was shown here that the growth‐promoting activity of neural extract was completely removed by immuno‐absorption with antiserum against Tf and restored by addition of Tf. Purified Tf or a low molecular weight ferric ionophore were as active as the neural extract in this assay, indicating that the trophic effect of Tf involves its capacity for iron delivery. Both Tf and ferric ionophore also maintained DNA synthesis in denervated blastemas in vivo. A dose‐response assay indicated that purified axolotl Tf stimulates growth of cultured blastemal cells at concentrations as low as 100 ng/mL. The Tf mRNA in axolotl nervous tissue was shown by northern analysis to be similar in size to that of liver. These results are discussed together with those from previous in vitro studies of blastemal growth and support the hypothesis that cell division in the blastema depends on axonally released Tf during the early, nerve‐dependent phase of limb regeneration.
Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: a consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group.

CONTEXT Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an uncommon tumor that can be difficult to diagnose. OBJECTIVE To develop practical guidelines for the pathologic diagnosis of MM. DATA SOURCES A pathology panel was convened at the International Mesothelioma Interest Group biennial meeting (October 2006). Pathologists with an interest in the field also contributed after the meeting. CONCLUSIONS There was consensus opinion regarding (1) distinguishing benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations (both epithelioid and spindle cell lesions), (2) cytologic diagnosis of MM, (3) key histologic features of pleural and peritoneal MM, (4) use of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MM, (5) differentiating epithelioid MM from various carcinomas (lung, breast, ovarian, and colonic adenocarcinomas and squamous cell and renal cell carcinomas), (6) diagnosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma, (7) use of molecular markers in the differential diagnosis of MM, (8) electron microscopy in the diagnosis of MM, and (9) some caveats and pitfalls in the diagnosis of MM. Immunohistochemical panels are integral to the diagnosis of MM, but the exact makeup of panels used is dependent on the differential diagnosis and on the antibodies available in a given laboratory. Immunohistochemical panels should contain both positive and negative markers. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group recommends that markers have either sensitivity or specificity greater than 80% for the lesions in question. Interpretation of positivity generally should take into account the localization of the stain (eg, nuclear versus cytoplasmic) and the percentage of cells staining (>10% is suggested for cytoplasmic membranous markers). These guidelines are meant to be a practical reference for the pathologist.
Modeling Moral Dilemma Judgment

Moral dilemma judgment has been extensively studied by neurosciences and much is now known about the cerebral dynamics supporting this kind of reasoning. Neuroeconomics has provided some interesting hypothesis for modeling decision making. The present paper aims to test if dilemma judgment may be formalized by this kind of modeling. In addition, fMRI and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have shown that dilemma judgment involves benefit and risk analysis supported by specific neural systems. Because of this, the EEG was recorded while volunteers were judging moral dilemma in order to provide additional information to test the proposed hypothesis. Present experimental and simulated results seem to validate the theoretical model described in this paper. EEG results shows that dilemma solution requires a complex enrollment of neurons in different parts of the brain in order to assess the benefits and risks of proposed solutions. Finally, the probability of each possible dilemma solution is shown to be adequately calculated from the proposed model.
Symbolic Representation of Neural Networks

Neural networks often surpass decision trees in predicting pattern classifications, but their predictions cannot be explained. This algorithm's symbolic representations make each prediction explicit and understandable. Our approach to understanding a neural network uses symbolic rules to represent the network decision process. The algorithm, NeuroRule, extracts these rules from a neural network. The network can be interpreted by the rules which, in general, preserve network accuracy and explain the prediction process. We based NeuroRule on a standard three layer feed forward network. NeuroRule consists of four phases. First, it builds a weight decay backpropagation network so that weights reflect the importance of the network's connections. Second, it prunes the network to remove irrelevant connections and units while maintaining the network's predictive accuracy. Third, it discretizes the hidden unit activation values by clustering. Finally, it extracts rules from the network with discretized hidden unit activation values.