Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An application of parameter estimation to route discovery by on-demand routing protocols

To discover a route to a peer node, an on-demand routing protocol may initiate a flood-search procedure known as route discovery. By selecting the correct query radius, the number of packet transmissions required for route discovery can be minimized. This paper presents methods to estimate the geographic radius (R/sub G/) and the number of currently active pairs of communicating nodes (P) in a mobile ad-hoc network. The methods are entirely distributed and incur little communication overhead. Network nodes can apply the estimated parameters to predict the probability mass function (PMF) of the route discovery hop distance. An accurate prediction of the PMF aids the selection of an appropriate query radius for the route discovery process. A computationally lightweight procedure to select an appropriate query radius, based only on an estimate of P, is also proposed. Simulation results show that this procedure facilitates a sensible tradeoff between the route request packet overhead and the route reply delay.
Judging the plausibility of arguments in scientific texts: a student–scientist comparison

ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate scientific claims and evidence is an important aspect of scientific literacy and requires various epistemic competences. Readers spontaneously validate presented information against their knowledge and beliefs but differ in their ability to strategically evaluate the soundness of informal arguments. The present research investigated how students of psychology, compared to scientists working in psychology, evaluate informal arguments. Using a think-aloud procedure, we identified the specific strategies students and scientists apply when judging the plausibility of arguments and classifying common argumentation fallacies. Results indicate that students, compared to scientists, have difficulties forming these judgements and base them on intuition and opinion rather than the internal consistency of arguments. Our findings are discussed using the mental model theory framework. Although introductory students validate scientific information against their knowledge and beliefs, their judgements are often erroneous, in part because their use of strategy is immature. Implications for systematic trainings of epistemic competences are discussed.
The Dynamics of Dendritic Structure in Developing Hippocampal Slices

Time-lapse fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to directly visualize the formation and dynamics of postsynaptic target structures (i.e., dendritic branches and spines) on pyramidal neurons within developing hippocampal tissue slices. Within a 2 week period of time, pyramidal neurons in cultured slices derived from early postnatal rat (postnatal days 2–7) developed complex dendritic arbors bearing numerous postsynaptic spines. At early stages (1–2 d in vitro), many fine filopodial protrusions on dendrite shafts rapidly extended (maximum rate ∼2.5 μm/min) and retracted (median filopodial lifetime, 10 min), but some filopodia transformed into growth cones and nascent dendrite branches. As dendritic arbors matured, the population of fleeting lateral filopodia was replaced by spine-like structures having a low rate of turnover. This developmental progression involved a transitional stage in which dendrites were dominated by persistent (up to 22 hr) but dynamic spiny protrusions (i.e., protospines) that showed substantial changes in length and shape on a timescale of minutes. These observations reveal a highly dynamic state of postsynaptic target structures that may actively contribute to the formation and plasticity of synaptic connections during CNS development.
Uncovering gene regulatory networks using variational Bayes variable selection

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach for reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) based on microarray data. We focus on a variable selection formulation and develop a solution by a variational Bayes expectation maximization (VBEM) learning rule. The major advantage of the VBEM solution over Monte Carlo sampling based approach is its lower computational complexity. This makes it appealing for uncovering large networks.
Best offer recommendation service

There are multiple online offer aggregators, which can aggregate deals, coupons and offers from multiple parties. However, these aggregators generally cannot determine the best deal/s available among the existing deals. Many deals or coupons specify the percentage of discount or cashback on purchase of the item using the user's credit card, where the percentage varies between different cards. This makes it difficult to determine the best offer for a given credit card. In this paper we propose a service which can determine which offers would be relevant for a user with a given profile and/or online payment mechanism. The cloud server stores relevant data about available offers using crawlers and publicly available APIs, and given a desired product determines the best set of coupons or offers available given a user profile and payment mechanism such as credit card. This enables the service to recommend the best deals to the user. We have implemented a simple proof of concept for our service using a cloud server component and a component that is part of the web browser application on a device. We also discuss a revenue sharing model for our service.
Multilayered multicast algorithms for Ad Hoc wireless networks

In this paper, we address the issue of multilayered multicast routing in wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs). Existing multilayered multicast protocols assume homogeneous ad hoc wireless networks. A more realistic assumption is a heterogeneous network; in which nodes have different processing, communication capabilities and other characteristics. In this paper, we assume heterogeneous network; in which nodes have different capabilities. Two multilayered multicast routing schemes are proposed, namely, Multiple Trees Based on Shortest Path Tree (MSPT) and Multiple Trees based on Steiner Minimum Tree (MSMT). We assume that each destination has a preference number of video layers; which is equal to its capacity. The basic idea is to: (i) construct tree(s) that can meet the destinations' QoS requirements, i.e., the number of required video layers (ii) distribute a number of video layers across the nodes. (i) and (ii) are done in a centralized manner, i.e., by the multicast source node. Simulations show that the proposed schemes greatly improve the QoS requirements (improve user satisfaction ratio) for a set of destinations. In addition, simulations show that multiple trees schemes achieve substantially higher satisfaction ratio than the single tree schemes.
Sex-linked transcription factor involved in a shift of sex-pheromone preference in the silkmoth Bombyx mori

In the sex-pheromone communication systems of moths, odorant receptor (Or) specificity as well as higher olfactory information processing in males should be finely tuned to the pheromone of conspecific females. Accordingly, male sex-pheromone preference should have diversified along with the diversification of female sex pheromones; however, the genetic mechanisms that facilitated the diversification of male preference are not well understood. Here, we explored the mechanisms involved in a drastic shift in sex-pheromone preference in the silkmoth Bombyx mori using spli mutants in which the genomic structure of the gene Bmacj6, which encodes a class IV POU domain transcription factor, is disrupted or its expression is repressed. B. mori females secrete an ∼11:1 mixture of bombykol and bombykal. Bombykol alone elicits full male courtship behavior, whereas bombykal alone shows no apparent activity. In the spli mutants, the behavioral responsiveness of males to bombykol was markedly reduced, whereas bombykal alone evoked full courtship behavior. The reduced response of spli males to bombykol was explained by the paucity of bombykol receptors on the male antennae. It was also found that, in the spli males, neurons projecting into the toroid, a compartment in the brain where bombykol receptor neurons normally project, responded strongly to bombykal. The present study highlights a POU domain transcription factor, Bmacj6, which may have caused a shift of sex-pheromone preference in B. mori through Or gene choice and/or axon targeting.
A Wireless Resources Allocation Method for D2MD Communication under IMT-A System

A wireless resources allocation method for Device-to-Multi-Device (D2MD) communication under the control of base station is proposed. In the premise of ensuring quality of services (QoS) of all D2MD groups, the method can allocate wireless resources for D2MD groups through three steps: mode selection, spectrum allocation and power control. Simulation results show that the method can select the high-spectrum-efficiency mode which reuses the spectrum of cellular users for most D2MD communications, and does not affect cellular communications, the interference to cellular uplink of proposed suboptimal LCH algorithm which allocates cellular spectrums for D2MD groups to reuse can achieve the same level as the optimal algorithm, in addition, the calculating complexity is lower therefore shortening the response time of the base station.
Applying Textual Entailment to the Interpretation of Metaphor

Metaphor is a pervasive feature of human language that enables us to conceptualize and communicate abstract concepts using more concrete terminology. Unfortunately, computational models of natural language understanding - including systems for question answering, textual entailment, lexical substitution, and word-sense disambiguation - are unable to appropriately grasp the semantic content of metaphor and other forms of figurative language. In particular, we address the problem of understanding metaphoric language in the context of entailment (or paraphrase) detection. We build upon our existing state-of-the-art textual entailment system to specifically address issues of lexical entailment within a metaphoric context and have performed an in-depth experimental analysis to determine which techniques are most effective at interpreting metaphorical text. Our results suggest that a machine learning system trained on metaphor-rich data can achieve an accuracy above 90% for verbal metaphors using a combination of lexical, semantic, and contextual measures of term similarity.
Performance evaluation of mixtures of PLDA and conventional PLDA for a small-set speaker verification system

This paper compares the use of signal to noise ratio (SNR)-dependent and SNR-independent mixtures of probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) versus conventional PLDA, under multi-noise and multi-SNR conditions for a small-set speaker verification system. Results indicate that conventional PLDA is more robust under multi-SNR conditions. The effect of the testing speech length is also examined and speech signals with a length of 5 seconds were found to achieve acceptable results.
Incorporating Technical Analysis Into Behavioral Finance: A Field Experiment in the Large Capitalization Firms of the Athens Stock Exchange

In this paper we try to apply Technical Analysis methodology into the Behavior Theory for the large capitalization firms of the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). In Behavioural and in Technical Theory we observe a combination between fundamental (rational) and psychological  emotional (irrational) factors. We use standards tests in combination with bootstrap methodology under the AR(1) & GARCH(1,1) models. On the whole, the results support a strong increase in trading rules performance over time. Hence we notice the existence of the behavioral phenomenon in the large capitalization firms of the Athens Stock Exchange.
Tetrazolium Reduction-Malachite Green Method for Assessing the Viability of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge

A method was developed to assess the activity of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge. It involves the incubation of activated sludge with 2(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride followed by staining with malachite green. Both cells and 2(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride-formazan crystals can be observed in prepared specimens by using bright-field microscopy. This procedure allowed us to distinguish between inactive and actively metabolizing filaments after chlorine application to control the bulking of activated sludge.
Comprehensiveness versus Scalability : guidelines for choosing an appropriate knowledge representation language for bio-ontologies

Ontology representation languages for the Semantic Web have their strengths and weaknesses, in particular in the light of deploying them in information systems. We survey and compare the Description Logics-based OWL variants, and the DL-Lite and DLR families of languages. We demonstrate distinguishing features with examples from the biological and biomedical domains. Language choices that an ontology developer has to make are, among others, expressivity versus ontology usage for data-intensive tasks and having mereological parthood versus n-ary relations (where n > 2). Guidelines are suggested to facilitate choosing the language best fitted for a task.
Evaluating Social Networks Using Task-Focused Network Inference

Networks are representations of complex underlying social processes. However, the same given network may be more suitable to model one behavior of individuals than another. In many cases, aggregate population models may be more effective than modeling on the network. We present a general framework for evaluating the suitability of given networks for a set of predictive tasks of interest, compared against alternative, networks inferred from data. We present several interpretable network models and measures for our comparison. We apply this general framework to the case study on collective classification of music preferences in a newly available dataset of the this http URL social network.
Task Parallelism and Synchronization: An Overview of Explicit Parallel Programming Languages

Programming parallel machines as effectively as sequentia l o es would ideally require a language that provides high-level progra mming constructs in order to avoid the programming errors frequent when expressin g parallelism. Since task parallelism is often considered more error-prone than data parallelism, we survey six popular and efficient parallel programming langu ages that tackle this difficult issue: Cilk, Chapel, X10, Habanero-Java, OpenMP a nd OpenCL. Using as single running example a parallel implementation of t he computation of the Mandelbrot set, this paper describes how the fundamenta ls of task parallel programming, namely collective and point-to-point synchr onization and mutual exclusion, are dealt with in these languages. Our study sugg ests that, even though there is a wealth of various names and notions introduced by t hese languages, they all boil down to three key task concepts: creation, synchron ization and atomicity. The paper is designed to give users and language and comp iler designers an overview of current parallel languages.
Seasonal growth of song control nuclei precedes seasonal reproductive development in wild adult song sparrows.

In seasonally breeding adult songbirds, the brain regions that control song undergo dramatic seasonal morphological changes. During late winter and early spring, increasing day length triggers an increase in circulating testosterone that ultimately causes several song nuclei to grow in volume. The timing of this growth relative to the seasonal development of the reproductive system is not known. This question was investigated in two populations of wild song sparrows (Melospiza melodia morphna). Both populations live at the same latitude (46 degrees N), but breed at different altitudes. One population resides on the Pacific coast in Washington, and the other resides in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains. Both populations experienced the same photoperiodic conditions, but the timing of seasonal reproductive development differed between populations. Coastal birds initiated gonadal recrudescence approximately 2 weeks earlier than montane birds. Despite this temporal difference in reproductive development, there were no differences between these groups in the seasonal growth of two song control nuclei, HVc and RA. During late February, both groups had low circulatory levels of testosterone (mean for coastal birds was 1.01 +/- 0.37 ng/ml; mean for montane birds was 1.41 +/- 0.26 ng/ml) and fully recrudesced song nuclei (for example, mean HVc volume in coastal birds was 1.77 +/- 0.08 mm(3); mean HVc volume in montane birds was 1.76 +/- 0.09). Also at this time, both populations were in the earliest stages of seasonal reproductive development as judged by the degree of gonadal recrudescence (mean gonad volume was less than 10% of typical breeding size in both populations). It is concluded that seasonal song system growth is completed before seasonal reproductive development in response to submaximal levels of circulating testosterone.
Development and Validation of the Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (EAEE)

Abstract During the last few years, entrepreneurship has gained an important role in many economic and social policies, with the consequent growth of entrepreneurial research in many social areas. However, in the Spanish psychometric context, there is not an updated scale including recent contributions to entrepreneurship attitudes literature. The aim of this study is to present and validate a new scale named Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes-EAEE, (Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students, EASS), in two samples of high school and university Spanish students. Data comes from a cross-sectional survey of 524 high school and undergraduate students, from Valencia (Spain). Two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were estimated, together with reliability and validity evidence of the scale. Results offered evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of the EASS. The CFAs showed overall and analytical adequate fit indexes (χ 2 (120) = 163.19 (p < .01), GFI = . 906, CFI = . 959, SRMR = . 044, RMSEA = . 040 [CI . 022-. 054]); reliability indices of the entrepreneurial attitudes were appropriate for most of the entrepreneurial attitudes (α were between .63 and .87 for the different dimensions); and external evidence relating entrepreneurial dimensions to personality traits was similar to in previous studies. The scale could be a useful instrument both for previous diagnosis and effectiveness assessment of programs on entrepreneurship promotion.
Testifying in Court

Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or sometimes, your reading material is not interesting enough.
Unveiling Active Sites for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Monolayer MoS2

Here, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities at the edge and basal‐plane sites of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are studied using a local probe method enabled by selected‐area lithography. Reaction windows are opened by e‐beam lithography at sites of interest on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐covered monolayer MoS2 triangles. The HER properties of MoS2 edge sites are obtained by subtraction of the activity of the basal‐plane sites from results containing both basal‐plane and edge sites. The catalytic performances in terms of turnover frequencies (TOFs) are calculated based on the estimated number of active sites on the selected areas. The TOFs follow a descending order of 3.8 ± 1.6, 1.6 ± 1.2, 0.008 ± 0.002, and 1.9 ± 0.8 × 10−4 s−1, found for 1T′‐, 2H‐MoS2 edges, and 1T′‐, 2H‐MoS2 basal planes, respectively. Edge sites of both 2H‐ and 1T′‐MoS2 are proved to have comparable activities to platinum (≈1–10 s−1). When fitted into the HER volcano plot, the MoS2 active sites follow a trend distinct from conventional metals, implying a possible difference in the reaction mechanism between transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and metal catalysts.
A Si3N4 PIC for optically controlled 2D radio beamforming in satellite communications

We designed and fabricated a Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) photonic integrated circuit targeting wideband two-dimensional radio beamforming from 20-40 GHz for satellite communications. Continuous true time delay tunability is achieved by using thermo-optic phase shifters in a 2-port optical ring resonator. Scanning angles up to 20° and true time delay bandwidth up to 14 GHz are realized while tuning into the anti-resonance response of the ring resonator. An optical side-band filter using a double-ring loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an FSR of 0.48 nm is designed for a single side band operation. The fabricated photonic integrated circuit is a 4-input / 4-output beamformer for a 2-by-2 focal plane antenna array. It is the first PIC beamformer circuit on Si3N4 designed for operation in the 20-40 GHz band.
Patterns and covariates of partnership formation in Japan

This study examines the patterns and covariates of partnership formation in Japan using data from the 2004 National Survey on Marriage and the Family. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First while birth cohort is in general negatively associated with the age-specific probability of first marriage age is negatively associated with the likelihood of cohabitation and premarital pregnancy especially among women. To the extent that these age differences capture cohort changes these results suggest further decreases in first marriage and future increases in cohabitation and premarital pregnancy. Second education significantly reduces the probabilities of first marriage cohabitation and premarital pregnancy especially among women. Third cohabitation is strongly and positively associated with the likelihoods of first marriage premarital pregnancy and among men premarital birth. Altogether these results imply further changes and increasing variability in partnership formation patterns in Japan. (authors)