Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WTG cloud modeling with spectral decomposition of heating

A modified form of the relaxed weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation is described and implemented in a cloud resolving model. In this scheme, the vertical heating profile is spectrally decomposed into normal modes. The relaxation time scale of each mode is set proportional to the corresponding vertical wave number of the mode, as would be expected if gravity waves were responsible for the relaxation. Buoyancy adjustment exhibits greater realism than in conventional relaxed WTG, with nonlocal adjustment occurring as in the weak pressure gradient model of Romps. Furthermore, no boundary layer taper is needed when using the improved scheme. Experiments from the literature are revisited; mass flux profiles are smoother and multiple equilibrium experiments are more robust.
COLLABORATIVE URBAN COMPUTING: SERENDIPITOUS COOPERATION BETWEEN USERS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Recent technical advancements in computing devices and communication networks, combined with changes in the way people use information and communication technology (ICT) systems, have transformed the ICT industry. In this article, we present the collaborative urban computing (CUC) paradigm, which supports serendipitous cooperation between a set of users physically located in an urban environment and all sharing a common goal. Advantages and disadvantages of the CUC paradigm are elaborated on a proof-of-concept CUC service, which we call collaborative downloading.
A Multiple Time Step Symplectic Algorithm for Integrating Close Encounters

We present a new symplectic algorithm that has the desirable properties of the sophisticated but highly efficient numerical algorithms known as mixed variable symplectic (MVS) methods and that, in addition, can handle close encounters between objects. This technique is based on a variant of the standard MVS methods, but it handles close encounters by employing a multiple time step technique. When the bodies are well separated, the algorithm has the speed of MVS methods, and whenever two bodies suffer a mutual encounter, the time step for the relevant bodies is recursively subdivided to whatever level is required. We demonstrate the power of this method using several tests of the technique. We believe that this algorithm will be a valuable tool for the study of planetesimal dynamics and planet formation.
The Sensitivity of Long-Term Interest Rates to Economic News: Evidence and Implications for Macroeconomic Models

Current macroeconomic models provide appealing, succinct descriptions of business cycle dynamics in the United States and other countries, but less is known about the extent to which these models accurately replicate the economy’s long-run characteristics. In part, this reflects that economists have far fewer observations about long-run behavior, given the limited sample sizes available. But while less is known about the long-run characteristics of the economy, many macroeconomic models impose very strong assumptions about this behavior— that the long-run levels of inflation and the real interest rate are constant over time and perfectly known by all economic agents. This paper empirically tests those assumptions and proposes alternative ones. Specifically, we focus on the effects of macroeconomic and monetary policy surprises on the term structure of interest rates. In many standard macroeconomic models, short-term interest rates tend to return relatively quickly to a deterministic steady state after a macroeconomic or monetary policy shock, so that these shocks have only transitory effects on the future path of interest rates. As a result, one would expect only a limited response of long-term interest rates to these disturbances. Putting this prediction in terms of forward rates, one would expect virtually no reaction of far-ahead forward rates to such shocks. The behavior of the U.S. yield curve appears, however, to contrast sharply with these predictions. In particular, we demonstrate that longterm forward rates move significantly in response to the unexpected components of many macroeconomic data releases and monetary policy announcements. We interpret these findings as indicating that an assumption made in these models—that the long-run expectations of economic agents are precise and time-invariant—is violated. In particular, our empirical results are all consistent with a model that we present in which private agents’ views of long-run inflation are not strongly anchored.
Predicting missing links in social networks with hierarchical dirichlet processes

We address the problem of predicting missing links for a social network in Social Media by using user activity data. We propose a simple and natural probabilistic model with latent features (traits) for simultaneously generating links and activities in the set of nodes, and present an efficient method of learning the model from the observed links and activities. In order to estimate the total number of latent features and the probability distribution of them for each node from the observed data, we incorporate a hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) into the model. On the basis of the learned model, we present a method of predicting missing links in the social network. We experimentally show by using synthetic data that the proposed learning method can estimate the link creation probabilities in good accuracy when there is an enough amount of training data. Moreover, using real and synthetic data, we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed link prediction method.
Analysis of combined radial velocities and activity of BD+20 1790: evidence supporting the existence of a planetary companion

Context. In a previous paper we reported a planetary companion to the young and very active K5Ve star BD+20 1790. We found that this star has a high level of stellar activity (log R'_HK = -3.7) that manifests in a plethora of phenomena (starspots, prominences, plages, large flares). Based on a careful study of these activity features and a deep discussion and analysis of the effects of the stellar activity on the radial velocity measurements, we demonstrated that the presence of a planet provided the best explanation for the radial velocity variations and all the peculiarities of this star. The orbital solution resulted in a close-in massive planet with a period of 7.78 days. However, a paper by Figueira et al. (2010, A&A, 513, L8) questioned the evidence for the planetary companion. Aims. This paper aims to more rigorously assess the nature of the radial velocity measurements with an expanded data set and new methods of analysis. Methods. We have employed Bayesian methods to simultaneously analyse the radial velocity and activity measurements based on a combined data set that includes new and previously published observations. Results. We conclude that the Bayesian analysis and the new activity study support the presence of a planetary companion to BD+20 1790. A new orbital solution is presented, after removing the two main contributions of stellar jitter, one that varies with the photometric period (2.8 days) and another that varies with the synodic period of the star-planet system (4.36 days). We present a new method to determine these jitter components, considering them as second and third signals in the system. A discussion on possible star-planet interaction is included, based on the Bayesian analysis of the activity indices, which indicates that they modulate with the synodic period. We propose two different sources for flare events in this system: one related to the geometry of the system and the relative movement of the star and planet, and a second one purely stochastic source that is related to the evolution of stellar surface active regions. Also, we observe for the first time the magnetic field of the star, from spectropolarimetric data.
MIMO precoding in 802.16e WiMAX

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmit precoding/beamforming can significantly improve system spectral efficiency. However, several obstacles prevent preceding from wide deployment in early wireless networks: The significant feedback overhead, performance degradation due to feedback delay, and the large storage requirement at the mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a preceding method that addresses these issues. In this approach, only 3 or 6 bits feedback is needed to select a preceding matrix from a codebook. There are fifteen codebooks, each corresponding to a unique combination of antenna configuration (up to 4 antennas) and codebook size. Small codebooks are prestored and large codebooks are efficiently computed from the prestored codebook, modified Hochwald method and Householder reflection. Finally, the feedback delay is compensated by channel prediction. The scheme is validated by simulations and we have observed significant gains comparing to space-time coding and antenna selection. This solution was adopted as a part of the IEEE 802.16e specification in 2005.
Canu: scalable and accurate long-read assembly via adaptive k-mer weighting and repeat separation

Long-read single-molecule sequencing has revolutionized de novo genome assembly and enabled the automated reconstruction of reference-quality genomes. However, given the relatively high error rates of such technologies, efficient and accurate assembly of large repeats and closely related haplotypes remains challenging. We address these issues with Canu, a successor of Celera Assembler that is specifically designed for noisy single-molecule sequences. Canu introduces support for nanopore sequencing, halves depth-of-coverage requirements, and improves assembly continuity while simultaneously reducing runtime by an order of magnitude on large genomes versus Celera Assembler 8.2. These advances result from new overlapping and assembly algorithms, including an adaptive overlapping strategy based on tf-idf weighted MinHash and a sparse assembly graph construction that avoids collapsing diverged repeats and haplotypes. We demonstrate that Canu can reliably assemble complete microbial genomes and near-complete eukaryotic chromosomes using either PacBio or Oxford Nanopore technologies, and achieves a contig NG50 of greater than 21 Mbp on both human and Drosophila melanogaster PacBio datasets. For assembly structures that cannot be linearly represented, Canu provides graph-based assembly outputs in graphical fragment assembly (GFA) format for analysis or integration with complementary phasing and scaffolding techniques. The combination of such highly resolved assembly graphs with long-range scaffolding information promises the complete and automated assembly of complex genomes.
Procrastination among university students of Malaysia and Pakistan

Procrastination can be defined as the intentional delay of an important task in the favor of an unimportant and trivial task in order to avoid doing the important task. Delaying the important task usually causes hindrance in its completion and makes the person become less productive than they can otherwise be. (Wolters and Corkin, 2012). Procrastination can be found in many aspects of one’s life and it is quite pervasive phenomenon in terms of its affect on different strata of people. Nonetheless, during the course of this study the focus would be on procrastination that is present in a student of higher education during their studies.
Minimal classical communication and measurement complexity for quantum information splitting

We present two quantum information splitting schemes using respectively tripartite GHZ and asymmetric W states as quantum channels. We show that if the secret state is chosen from a special ensemble and known to the sender (Alice), then she can split and distribute it to the receivers Bob and Charlie by performing only a single-qubit measurement and broadcasting a one-cbit message. It is clear that no other schemes could possibly achieve the same goal with simpler measurement and less classical communication. In comparison, existing schemes work for arbitrary quantum states which need not be known to Alice; however she is required to perform a two-qubit Bell measurement and communicate a two-cbit message. Hence there is a trade-off between flexibility and measurement complexity plus classical resource. In situations where our schemes are applicable, they will greatly reduce the measurement complexity and at the same time cut the communication overhead by one half.
Power-Delay-Area Performance Modeling and Analysis for Nano-Crossbar Arrays

In this study, we introduce an accurate capacitor-resistor model for nano-crossbar arrays that is to be used for power/delay/area performance analysis and optimization. Although the proposed model is technology independent, we explicitly show its applicability for three different nanoarray technologies where each crosspoint behaves as a diode, a FET, and a four-terminal switch. In order to find related capacitor and resistor values, we investigate upper/lower value limits for technology dependent parameters including doping concentration, nanowire dimension, pitch size, and layer thickness. We also use different fan-out capacitors to test the integration capability of these technologies. Comparison between the proposed model and a conventional simple one, which generally uses one/two capacitors for each crosspoint, demonstrates the necessity of using our model in order to accurately calculate power and delay values. The only exception where both models give approximately same results is the presence of considerably low valued resistive connections between switches. However, we show that this is a rare case for nano-crossbar technologies.
A genetic algorithm based peer selection strategy for BitTorrent networks

BitTorrent has emerged as an effective peer-to-peer application for digital content distribution in the Internet. However, selecting peers in BitTorrent for efficient content distribution still poses a number of challenges due to high heterogeneities of peers with varied rates of uploading bandwidth and dynamic content. This paper presents GA-BT, a genetic algorithm based peer selection optimization strategy for efficient content distribution in BitTorrent networks taking into account both the uploading bandwidth of peers and the availability of content among peers. GA-BT employs the divisible load theory to dynamically predict optimal fitness values to speed up the convergence process in producing optimal or near optimal solutions in peer selection. A BitTorrent simulator is implemented for GA-BT performance evaluation, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of GA-BT in peer selection optimization.
Symbolic Computational Approach to the Marangoni Convection Problem With Soret Diffusion

A recently reported solution for stationary stability of a thermosolutal system with Soret diffusion is re-derived and examined using a symbolic computational package. Symbolic computational languages are well suited for such an analysis and facilitate a pragmatic approach that is adaptable to similar problems. Linearization of the equations, normal mode analysis, and extraction of the final solution are performed in a Mathematica ® notebook format. An exact solution is obtained for stationary stability in the limit of zero gravity. A closed form expression is also obtained for the location of asymptotes in relevant parameter, (Smc,Mac), space. The stationary stability behavior is conveniently examined within the symbolic language environment. An abbreviated version of the Matheraatica ® notebook is given in the Appendix.t NOMENCLATURE C concentration c disturbance concentration Din, n diffusivity elements surface tension DI2 Y1 Dm Dufour coefficient, ---DI] Y2 d depth of fluid layer h surface heat transfer coefficient h s surface mass transfer coefficient J mass flux from surface Ma Marangoni number, 71dAT Dllkt hd Nu surface Nusselt number, -pcpDII Pr Prandtl number, v/Dll AP pressure difference Ap disturbance pressure difference Q heat flux from surface Sh surface Sherwood number, hs--_-dsurface tension D21 T2 D22 Sm Sorer coefficient, __m 022 "/1 T temperature t time velocity vector U x-component velocity disturbance velocity vector V y-component velocity W z-component velocity w z-component disturbance velocity x,y,z Cartesian coordinates (see Fig. 1) Greek Symbols _t wavenumber T surface tension variation 0 disturbance temperature normal mode temperature _. eigenvalue kt dynamic viscosity v kinematic viscosity p density a surface tension "_ diffusivity ratio, D22]DI 1 X normal mode concentration Subscripts 0 value at z = 0 1 value at z = 1 b basic state c critical value oo asymptotic value "tThe unabridged Mathematica ®notebook is available from the author or on the internet at http://zeta.lerc. nasa.gov/6712/people/skarda.htm NASA/TM--1998-206634
Orderable dimensions of visual texture for data display: orientation, size and contrast

Vision research relating to the human perception of texture is briefly reviewed with a view to arriving at the principal dimensions of visual texture useful for data display. The conclusion is that orientation, size (1/spatial frequency), and contrast (amplitude) are the primary orderable dimensions of texture. Data displayed using these texture parameters will be subject to similar distortions to those found when color is used. Textures synthesized using Gabor function primitives can be modulated along the three primary dimensions. Some preliminary results from a study using Gabor functions to modulate luminance are presented which suggest that: perceived texture size difference are approximately logarithmic, a 5% change in texton size is detectable 50% of the time, and large perceived size differences do not predict small (just noticeable) size differences.
Social connection and social networking: Daily conflict increases nightly Facebook use among avoidant participants

Abstract Using a daily diary methodology we explored whether attachment style predicted evening Facebook use and whether this effect was moderated by daily interpersonal conflict. High anxiety participants reported spending significantly more time on Facebook at night, regardless of daily conflict. Conversely, participants high in avoidance only reported increased time on Facebook on nights following days of more (vs. less) conflict. Daily conflict did not influence time spent in face-to-face interactions for avoidant participants. Interestingly, increased time on Facebook led to lower self-esteem next day , but increased time in face-to-face interactions led to higher self-esteem. Results suggest people high in avoidance use Facebook as an indirect way to seek connection following conflict, but, ironically, Facebook fails to fulfill avoidant’s belongingness needs.
Automated Detection of Branch Dimensions in Woody Skeletons of Fruit Tree Canopies

Modeling the 3D canopy structure of trees provides the structural mapping capability on which to assign distributed values of light-driven physiological processes in tree canopies. We evaluate the potential of automatically extracted skeletons from terrestrial lidar data as a basis for modeling canopy structure. The automatic and species independent evaluation method for lidar data of trees is based on the SKELTRE algorithm. The SKELTRE skeleton is a graphical representation of the branch hierarchy. The extraction of the branch hierarchy utilizes a graph splitting procedure to extract the branches from the skeleton. Analyzing the distance between the point cloud points and the skeleton is the key to the branch diameter. Frequency distributions of branch length and diameter were chosen to test the algorithm performance in comparison to manually measured data and resulted in a correlation of up to 0.78 for the branch length and up to 0.99 for the branch diameter.
High-resolution food webs based on nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids

Food webs are known to have myriad trophic links between resource and consumer species. While herbivores have well-understood trophic tendencies, the difficulties associated with characterizing the trophic positions of higher-order consumers have remained a major problem in food web ecology. To better understand trophic linkages in food webs, analysis of the stable nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids has been introduced as a potential means of providing accurate trophic position estimates. In the present study, we employ this method to estimate the trophic positions of 200 free-roaming organisms, representing 39 species in coastal marine (a stony shore) and 38 species in terrestrial (a fruit farm) environments. Based on the trophic positions from the isotopic composition of amino acids, we are able to resolve the trophic structure of these complex food webs. Our approach reveals a high degree of trophic omnivory (i.e., noninteger trophic positions) among carnivorous species such as marine fish and terrestrial hornets.This information not only clarifies the trophic tendencies of species within their respective communities, but also suggests that trophic omnivory may be common in these webs.
Analyzing the pragmatic structure of dialogues

In this article, we describe the notion of dialogue move intended as the minimal unit for the analysis of dialogues. We propose an approach to discourse analysis based on the pragmatic idea that the joint dialogical intentions are also co-constructed through the individual moves and the higher-order communicative intentions that the interlocutors pursue. In this view, our goal is to bring to light the pragmatic structure of a dialogue as a complex net of dialogical goals (such as persuasion, deliberation, information-sharing, etc.), which represent the communicative purposes that the interlocutors intend to achieve through their utterances. Dialogue moves are shown to represent the necessary interpretive link between the general description of the dialogical context or type and the syntactical analysis of the sentences expressed by the individual utterances. In the concluding part of this article, we show how this method can be used and further developed for analyzing various types of real-life dialogues, outlining possible uses and lines of empirical research based thereon.
Message Framing Variations in Health and Risk Messaging

Many health-related message variations have been described as variations in the framing of the message. What different applications of the term message framing have in common is that, in each case, something gets described in different ways (with researchers having a special interest in the consequences of these different descriptions). But what that “thing” is and how the descriptions of it differ vary across different uses of the term framing. In research on health-related messages, at least three different variations have been described using “framing” as a label.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PURCHASING AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERSONNEL

The concept of organizational commitment has been studied extensively during the past decades, and remains one of the most challenging and studied concepts in organizational research. In purchasing as well as in supply chain management, commitment plays a central role, because the personnel work directly with outside organizations, and consequently their performance can have a significant effect on the total effectiveness of the organization. This paper discusses organizational commitment and its importance in supply chain management and in the purchasing function. In addition, the principles of our newly developed Internet-based evaluation instrument are highlighted. This application has been preliminarily tested and the verification and validation processes are currently under evaluation. Keywords—organizational commitment; purchasing; supply chain management; evaluation; measurement