Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a ‘Good Life’ for Farm Animals: Development of a Resource Tier Framework to Achieve Positive Welfare for Laying Hens

Simple Summary Farm animals can be said to have a ‘good life’ if their quality of life is substantially higher than the current legal minimum and includes positive experiences such as pleasure. In commercial farms, animals can be provided with different resources such as bedding, exercise areas and enrichment objects. We used scientific evidence and expert opinion to determine which resources laying hens need to contribute to a ‘good life’. These resources were organised into three tiers, of increasing welfare, leading towards a ‘good life’. We describe how we developed the resource tiers and suggest how the overall framework might be used to promote a ‘good life’ for farm animals. Abstract The concept of a ‘good life’ recognises the distinction that an animal’s quality of life is beyond that of a ‘life worth living’, representing a standard of welfare substantially higher than the legal minimum (FAWC, 2009). We propose that the opportunities required for a ‘good life’ could be used to structure resource tiers that lead to positive welfare and are compatible with higher welfare farm assurance schemes. Published evidence and expert opinion was used to define three tiers of resource provision (Welfare +, Welfare ++ and Welfare +++) above those stipulated in UK legislation and codes of practice, which should lead to positive welfare outcomes. In this paper we describe the principles underpinning the framework and the process of developing the resource tiers for laying hens. In doing so, we summarise expert opinion on resources required to achieve a ‘good life’ in laying hens and discuss the philosophical and practical challenges of developing the framework. We present the results of a pilot study to establish the validity, reliability and feasibility of the draft laying hen tiers on laying hen production systems. Finally, we propose a generic welfare assessment framework for farm animals and suggest directions for implementation, alongside outcome parameters, that can help define and promote a future ‘good life’ for farm animals.
Does the position of conus medullaris change with increased thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients?

Abstract To date, only a few reports described the potential factors influencing the position of conus medullaris. One previous study revealed no significant change of conus locations in patients with idiopathic scoliosis; however, the effect of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related thoracolumbar kyphosis on conus position remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the variation of conus medullaris terminations in patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to AS when compared with normal subjects, and evaluated the relationship between conus positions and the magnitude of kyphosis. In this study, MR images of 96 AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis, including 86 males and 10 females with an average of 34.6 years (range, 17–65 years), and 100 age-matched normal controls were reviewed to determine the conus terminations in relation to spinal levels. Sagittal parameters of the AS group measured on radiograph included: global kyphosis (GK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracolumbar junction (TLJ). Finally, conus tips located at the mean level of the lower 3rd of L1 in both groups, there was no significant difference of the conus distributions between AS and control group (P = 0.49). In addition, conus medullaris displayed similar positions in AS patients among various apical region groups (P = 0.88), and no significant difference was found when AS population was stratified into GK ranges of 30° (P = 0.173). Also, no remarkable correlation of the conus positions with GK (r = −0.15, P = 0.15), TK (r = −0.10, P = 0.34), LL (r = −0.10, P = 0.32), and TLJ (r = −0.06, P = 0.54) was identified. This study showed the conus terminations displayed a wide range of distributions in AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis, which was similar to normal subjects. Moreover, the conus located at a relatively fixed position and would not be affected by the change of kyphosis magnitude, which is an important knowledge that surgeons should acquire in surgical correction of the deformity in these patients.
Indirect imaging of the accretion stream in eclipsing polars IV : V 895

We present spectroscopic and high speed photometric data of the eclipsing polar V895 Cen. We find that the eclipsed component is consistent with it being the accretion regions on the white dwarf. This is in contrast to Stobie et al who concluded that the eclipsed component was not the white dwarf. Further, we find no evidence for an accretion disc in our data. From our Doppler tomography results, we find that the white dwarf has M> ∼ 0.7M⊙. Our indirect imaging of the accretion stream suggests that the stream is brightest close to the white dwarf. When we observed V895 Cen in its highest accretion state, emission is concentrated along field lines leading to the upper pole. There is no evidence for enhanced emission at the magnetic coupling region.
School-related variables in the dimensions of anger in high school students in Turkey

ABSTRACT The study aimed to examine the effects of perceived social support from teachers, expectation of academic achievement, school control, and gender on anger dimensions in high school students in İzmir, Turkey. In total, 446 high school students (234 girls, 212 boys) participated in the study. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. The results indicated that expectation of academic achievement significantly predicted affective, cognitive, and behavioral anger dimensions; perceived social support from teachers predicted both cognitive and behavioral anger dimensions; school control significantly predicted the behavioral dimension of anger; and gender significantly predicted the cognitive dimension of anger. Because perceived social support is an important variable that predicts school-related anger, school psychologists should plan consultative studies to increase teachers’ awareness of the importance of social support for students’ well-being.
THE USE OF ROLE PLAY METHOD TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL AT THE FIFTH YEARSOF SDN BUNGKAL IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2011/2012.

Key Words: Speaking Skill, and Role Play. English speaking skill is very important in all aspect of their life. This reality makes teachers think that speaking skill should be mastered by their students. In SDN Bungkal shows that the teaching English exactly in speaking is not effective. Although the teacher always combines listening, reading, speaking, and writing on each meeting and at the last session the students make a dialogue with their friends to try their speaking skill, only several students who practice their speaking. It is the weakness of the teaching speaking in SDN Bungkal besides their pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Here, the researcher chooses role play as method in teaching speaking. Role play is, therefore, a classroom activity which gives the student the opportunity to practice the language, the aspects of role behavior, and the actual roles he may need outside the classroom. Based to the fact above, researcher concludes that statement of problem in this study is “How is the result of the implementation of the role play method to improve the fifth year’s students’ speaking skill of SDN Bungkal in the academic year of 2011/2012? ”. So, the purpose of the study is to know the result of the implementation of the role play method for the students speaking skill at fifth years of SDN Bungkal in the academic year of 2011/2012. The research was done in SDN Bungkal, started on May 11nd until June 1nd, 2012. The subject of the research was the fifth years students that consist of 31 students. The researcher used classroom action research as the research design. The design consists of four steps, they are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The researcher also uses three research instruments to know their capabilty, they are test, observation, and questionnaire. The result of the test showed that in cycle 1 the minimum score was 36. But in cycle 2 they improved their score became 72. The result of checklist proved that the students were very active in the class. They were active in cooperating group, doing the conversation, and asking about difficult material. The result of questionnaire proved that most of the students’ were motivated and interested using role play method because it made them easier to speak. Finally, the researcher concluded that the result of this research showed there is improving students’ speaking skill through role play method at the fifth year students of SDN Bungkal.
BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS ACROSS DEVELOPMENT IN A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF FETAL ETHANOL EFFECTS

OF DISSERTATION BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS ACROSS DEVELOPMENT IN A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF FETAL ETHANOL EFFECTS Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a spectrum of anatomical, developmental and neurobehavioral impairments resulting from ethanol (ETOH) exposure during fetal development. Efforts to develop and screen novel pharmacotherapies against fetal ETOH effects depend heavily upon rodent models to provide indicators of the safety and efficacy of such compounds, in addition to helping better understand the underlying mechanisms to develop and test these pharmacotherapies. The following experiments describe the development of a novel mouse model of FASD using behavioral batteries to assess behavioral or cognitive deficits in juvenile and adolescent offspring (Experiment 1, Experiment 2) and whether deficits with this model extend into adulthood (Experiment 3). In Exp 1, three ETOH exposure paradigms were generated to model ETOH exposure during periods of mouse development analogous to the three trimesters of human central nervous system (CNS) development. These included a prenatal (first-second trimester) model, a neonatal (third trimester) model, and a combined prenatal-neonatal (3-trimester) model. Exploratory behavior and learning performance were assessed in juvenile and adolescent development through a behavioral test battery that included open-field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM). These tasks were selected to model deficits in behavior regulation that are reported in humans with FASD, including hyperactivity, impulse control deficits and learning impairments. The results of this study showed that the neonatal ETOH exposure paradigm produced hyperactivity, inhibitory failures and impaired learning. These effects were not altered by pre-exposure to the present prenatal exposure paradigm. Based on these findings, the neonatal ETOH exposure model was selected for a follow-up study (Experiment 2-3) to provide additional data on the behavioral profile of this model using two novel tasks and a wider testing window extending into adulthood. Testing was conducted in the juvenile, adolescent and early adult stages in the hole-board test (HB), open-field (OF), and attentional set shifting task (ASST) respectively. These tasks and ages were selected to provide additional data on various aspects of the behavioral profile in this model, including distinguishing between enhanced locomotion or investigation in hyperactivity, the potential for OF effects to persist into adolescence, and to determine whether these mice show cognitive inflexibility in adulthood. Results showed that neonatal ETOH exposure led to increased investigation that may be related to both hyperactivity and inhibitory failures, persistent effects on OF activity and exploration in adolescence, and learning deficits in adulthood. It was concluded that the neonatal ETOH exposure model shows substantial face validity for behavioral symptoms in FASD and is a strong rodent model for future use in neurogenetic studies and drug development.
Aging and cardiovascular complexity: effect of the length of RR tachograms

As we age, our hearts undergo changes that result in a reduction in complexity of physiological interactions between different control mechanisms. This results in a potential risk of cardiovascular diseases which are the number one cause of death globally. Since cardiac signals are nonstationary and nonlinear in nature, complexity measures are better suited to handle such data. In this study, three complexity measures are used, namely Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZ), Sample Entropy (SampEn) and Effort-To-Compress (ETC). We determined the minimum length of RR tachogram required for characterizing complexity of healthy young and healthy old hearts. All the three measures indicated significantly lower complexity values for older subjects than younger ones. However, the minimum length of heart-beat interval data needed differs for the three measures, with LZ and ETC needing as low as 10 samples, whereas SampEn requires at least 80 samples. Our study indicates that complexity measures such as LZ and ETC are good candidates for the analysis of cardiovascular dynamics since they are able to work with very short RR tachograms.
Engineering on the Knowledge Formalization Continuum

Usually, domain knowledge is available at different levels of formality, for example such as documents, data bases, and (business) rules. We argue, that today’s systems limit the knowledge engineering process to a fixed level of formality and expressiveness, respectively, and that these limitations hinder effective knowledge acquisition and use. In consequence, we introduce the knowledge formalization continuum as a metaphor, that embraces the fact that knowledge is available in different formalities. We motivate that a semantic wiki is a suitable tool to work on the knowledge formalization continuum, and we introduce KnowWE as an example wiki implementation.
Displaced Syrian children's reported physical and mental wellbeing

BACKGROUND Surviving a warzone inflicts harmful consequences on the physical health and the psychosocial wellbeing of children. This study aimed at exploring the physical and psychosocial perceived state of health of displaced Syrian refugee children in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional explorative design was applied. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data through face-to-face interviews with 250 Syrian refugee children. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. RESULTS Children had fair levels of physical health; their health concerns were minor. Psychosocially, 25% (n = 63) suffered from loneliness and 24% (n = 59) reported feeling depressed. The majority of children (>60%) had low rates of somatic pain. Age had a negative correlation with hyperactivity (r = -.14, p = .034); gender differences were found in anger expression and anger trait (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results in this study highlight a number of physical and psychosocial health concerns among refugee children. The health needs of displaced Syrian children need to be addressed using comprehensive assessment and care. Our findings documented the physical and psychosocial health needs of the displaced Syrian children in Jordan and addressed areas of focus to guide health promotion interventions and community health efforts for them.
Automatic Provisioning of QoS Aware OSPF Configurations

This paper presents a contribution for the development of network management tools able to automatically provide QoS aware routing configurations. In this perspective, a traffic engineering framework able to provide near-optimal OSPF configurations is presented. The devised solution takes into account the multiconstrained QoS demands of a given network domain in order to improve the quality of the OSPF weight setting process. To pursue this objective, this work resorts to Evolutionary Algorithms, which provide OSPF configurations based on a bi-objective function. The proof of concept of the proposed optimization framework resorts to a wide range of simulation studies, clearly showing the effectiveness of the devised mechanisms.
Corpus-based place metadatabase generation for geocoding

In this paper, the author present a new implementation method of the place metadatabase generation system for geocoding. Geocoding is used for translating place names to geocodes, which are often pairs of latitude and longitude values. Its main contribution is to formalize a process for automatically generating a place metadatabase by analyzing multiple document sets. Thus, the applicable scope of the proposed geocoding system will be expanded greatly. The feasibility of the method is clarified in several experiments.
Toward 5G: FiWi Enhanced LTE-A HetNets With Reliable Low-Latency Fiber Backhaul Sharing and WiFi Offloading

To cope with the unprecedented growth of mobile data traffic, we investigate the performance gains obtained from unifying coverage-centric 4G mobile networks and capacity-centric fiber-wireless (FiWi) broadband access networks based on data-centric Ethernet technologies with resulting fiber backhaul sharing and WiFi offloading capabilities. Despite recent progress on backhaul-aware 4G studies with capacity-limited backhaul links, the performance-limiting impact of backhaul latency and reliability has not been examined in sufficient detail previously. In this paper, we evaluate the maximum aggregate throughput, offloading efficiency, and in particular, the delay performance of FiWi enhanced LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) heterogeneous networks (HetNets), including the beneficial impact of various localized fiber-lean backhaul redundancy and wireless protection techniques, by means of probabilistic analysis and verifying simulation, paying close attention to fiber backhaul reliability issues and WiFi offloading limitations due to WiFi mesh node failures as well as temporal and spatial WiFi coverage constraints. We use recent and comprehensive smartphone traces of the PhoneLab data set to verify whether the previously reported assumption that the complementary cumulative distribution function of both WiFi connection and interconnection times fit a truncated Pareto distribution is still valid. In this paper, we put a particular focus on the 5G key attributes of very low latency and ultra-high reliability and investigate how they can be achieved in FiWi enhanced LTE-A HetNets. Furthermore, given the growing interest in decentralization of future 5G networks (e.g., user equipment assisted mobility), we develop a decentralized routing algorithm for FiWi enhanced LTE-A HetNets.
Animating the Semantics of VERILOG using Prolog

Eclogue:1 The logic programming language Prolog is used to provide a rapid-prototype simulator for the VERILOG Hardware Description Language (HDL). The simulator is based on an operational semantics of a significant subset of the language. Using this approach allows the exploration of sometimes subtle behaviours of parallel programs and the possibility of rapid changes or additions to the semantics of the language covered. It also acts as a check on the validity of the original operational semantics. 1Eclogue, n. [L. ecloga, Gr. a selection, choice extracts, fr. to pick out, choose out; ? out + ? to gather, choose: cf. F. egloque, ecloque. ] Source: Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary via http://www.dictionary. com/. Jonathan Bowen is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science, The University of Reading, UK. His research interests include formal methods, safety-critical systems, the Z notation, provably correct systems, rapid prototyping using logic programming, decompilation, hardware compilation, software/hardware co-design and on-line museums. Travelogue: Jonathan Bowen was on leave as a Visiting Research Fellow at UNU/IIST in Macau from 19 July to 10 September 1999. The research reported here was undertaken during this period. Contact information: Jonathan Bowen Department of Computer Science The University of Reading Whiteknights, PO Box 225 READING Berkshire RG6 6AY UNITED KINGDOM Email: J.P.Bowen@reading.ac. uk URL: http://www.cs. reading.ac. uk/people/jpb/ Dedicated to Prof. C.A. R. Hoare, FRS on the occasion of his retirement It is necessary to be slightly underemployed if you want to do something significant. — James Crick (1928–), The Eighth Day of Creation Copyright c 1999 by UNU/IIST, Jonathan Bowen
Developing STT and KWS systems using limited language resources

This paper presents recent progress in developing speech-totext (STT) and keyword spotting (KWS) systems for the 2014 IARPA-Babel evaluation. Systems have been developed for the limited language pack condition for four of the five development languages in this program phase: Assamese, Bengali, Haitian Creole and Zulu. The systems have several novel characteristics that support rapid development of KWS systems. On the STT side different acoustic units are explored based on phonemic or graphemic representations, and system combination is used to improve STT performance. The acoustic models are trained on only 10 hours of speech data with manual transcriptions, completed with unsupervised training on additional untranscribed data. Both word and subword units (morphologically decomposed, syllables, phonemes) are used for KWS. The KWS systems are based on the multi-hypotheses produced by a consensus network decoding or searching word lattices. The word error rates of the individual STT systems are on the order of 50-60%, and the KWS systems obtain Maximum Term Weighted Values ranging from 30-45% for all keywords (invocabulary and out-of-vocabulary (OOV)). Sub-word units are shown to be successful at locating some of the OOV keywords, and system combination improves system performance. Index Terms: STT, KWS, semi-supervised training, lattice, consensus network, sub-word lexical units, Morfessor
Landscape complexity and spatial scale influence the relationship between remotely sensed spectral diversity and survey-based plant species richness

Questions: Species rarefaction curves have long been used for estimating the expected number of species as a function of sampling effort. Nonetheless, sampling species based on standard plant inventories represents an effort-intensive approach. Hence, rarefaction based on remotely sensed information can provide a rapid tool for identifying regions with exceptional richness and turnover. The aim of this paper is to examine (i) if the rates of spectral and species accumulation are positively correlated with one another at different spatial scales, and (ii) if the strength of this correlation differs between regions of varying landscape complexity. Location: Switzerland, Europe. Methods: The plant species data were derived from the Swiss “Biodiversity Monitoring” programme. Seven Landsat ETM+ images covering the whole study area were acquired. We applied species and spectral rarefaction for five biogeographical areas ranging from flat to mountainous zones. The relative increments (rates) of the species and spectral rarefaction curves were compared using Pearson correlation together with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS). Results: The biogeographic regions differed from one another in both their spectral and species diversity. The relationship between spectrally- and species-derived rates of accumulation was non-significant in simple landscapes, but we observed a significant positive correlation in complex landscapes over fine-to-intermediate spatial scales. Conclusions: Spectral rarefaction represents a powerful tool for measuring landscape diversity and potentially predicting species diversity at regional to global spatial scales. Based on remotely sensed information, more efficient diversity-based monitoring programmes can be developed.
A blind equalization algorithm for multimodulus square-QAM signals

We present a generic and an efficient multimodulus family of blind equalization algorithm for use in the higherorder quadrature amplitude modulation based digital communication systems. The proposed algorithm is memoryless Bussgang-type and is based on a stochastic gradient descent of a constrained convex cost function. We show it to be capable of blindly equalizing the channel and recovering the carrier phase simultaneously. We also provide the dynamic convergence analysis of the proposed adaptive algorithm.