Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forming Spacers in Situ by Photolithography to Mechanically Stabilize Electrofluidic-Based Switchable Optical Elements

Electro-Fluidic Displays (EFD) have been demonstrated to be an attractive technology for incorporation into portable display devices. EFDs have excellent optical efficiency and fast switching enabling video content. Ensuring mechanical stability of EFD display cells is a key challenge and essential for developing large area as well as flexible displays. Although the electro-optic performance of an EFD, unlike a liquid crystal display (LCD), is insensitive to cell-gap, extreme changes in cell-gap can result in irreversible collapse of the cell. Here we use photolithography to develop spacers to prevent cell-gap collapse and provide the required mechanical stability for EFD devices. The spacer is formed directly on the cover plates (ITO/glass) after cell assembly with UV light induced phase separation polymerization in the illuminated area. Phase separation behavior between polar aqueous solution and polymer is closely related to the solubility of acrylate monomers. In this work, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as cross-linker, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and acrylic acid or acrylamide as co-monomers are investigated for fabricating the spacers. PEGDA was added to the mixtures in order to increase the mechanical strength of the spacer. The spacers showed excellent performance for cell-gap control in EFD devices.
Parallel Library of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms

ULL::A-Team tool is a library that provides a skeleton to solve multi-objective optimization problems by applying evolutionary algorithms. In addition to providing sequential implementations of some of the best-known evolutionary algorithms, the skeleton provides great ¿exibility in obtaining parallel schemes. This ¿exibility is achieved by specifying con¿gurations that allow the execution of different parallel evolutionary models: homogeneous island-based model, heterogeneous island-based model and self-adaptive island-based model. To solve a particular problem, the user must specify all its properties by de¿ning a set of C++ classes. Additionally, the user can also incorporate new evolutionary algorithms to the tool. This work explains how to carry out this task using IBEA algorithm as a case study. In order to check the contribution of the new algorithm, the computational results obtained for the multi-objective knapsack problem are presented.
The COP9 Signalosome Converts Temporal Hormone Signaling to Spatial Restriction on Neural Competence

During development, neural competence is conferred and maintained by integrating spatial and temporal regulations. The Drosophila sensory bristles that detect mechanical and chemical stimulations are arranged in stereotypical positions. The anterior wing margin (AWM) is arrayed with neuron-innervated sensory bristles, while posterior wing margin (PWM) bristles are non-innervated. We found that the COP9 signalosome (CSN) suppresses the neural competence of non-innervated bristles at the PWM. In CSN mutants, PWM bristles are transformed into neuron-innervated, which is attributed to sustained expression of the neural-determining factor Senseless (Sens). The CSN suppresses Sens through repression of the ecdysone signaling target gene broad (br) that encodes the BR-Z1 transcription factor to activate sens expression. Strikingly, CSN suppression of BR-Z1 is initiated at the prepupa-to-pupa transition, leading to Sens downregulation, and termination of the neural competence of PWM bristles. The role of ecdysone signaling to repress br after the prepupa-to-pupa transition is distinct from its conventional role in activation, and requires CSN deneddylating activity and multiple cullins, the major substrates of deneddylation. Several CSN subunits physically associate with ecdysone receptors to represses br at the transcriptional level. We propose a model in which nuclear hormone receptors cooperate with the deneddylation machinery to temporally shutdown downstream target gene expression, conferring a spatial restriction on neural competence at the PWM.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the aqueous humor and serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Purpose The aim of the study reported in this article was to determine the presence and quantitative differences of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the aqueous humor and serum samples of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome. Methods Aqueous humor and serum samples were collected from 32 patients with PEX syndrome (with and without glaucoma) and a control group, who underwent routine cataract surgery. Levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TGF-β1 were determined by specific immunoassays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TGF-β1 were identified in aqueous humor and serum samples from all groups of patients. The aqueous and serum samples of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TGF-β1 showed no significant differences between PEX syndrome and control groups. Serum levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TGF-β1 were statistically greater than their aqueous levels (P<0.05), except for TIMP-2 levels in the control group. Conclusion No statistically significant difference among mean MMP-2, TIMP-2, and TGF-β1 levels in both aqueous humor and serum samples was found between patients with PEX syndrome and the control group. It is important to simultaneously evaluate serum and aqueous samples from patients with PEX syndrome, which is related to an impaired blood–aqueous barrier.
RFID Indoor Positioning Based on Probabilistic RFID Map and Kalman Filtering

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing technology which uses wireless communication for automatic identification of objects. The localization of RFID tagged objects in their environment is becoming an important feature for the ubiquitous computing applications. In This paper we introduce a new positioning algorithm for RFID tags using two mobile RFID readers and landmarks which are passive or active tags with known location and distributed randomly. We present an analytical method for estimating the location of the unknown tag by using the multilateration with the landmarks and a probabilistic RFID map-based technique with Kalman filtering to enhance the location estimation of the tag. This algorithm is independent from the readers coordinates, and hence it can be more practical due to its mobility and its low cost to achieve a high deployment of this emerging technology. Results obtained after conducting extensive simulations demonstrate the validity and suitability of the proposed algorithm to provide high performance level in terms of accuracy and scalability.
The hOCR Microformat for OCR Workflow and Results

Large scale scanning and document conversion efforts have led to a renewed interest in OCR systems and workflows. This paper describes a new format for representing both intermediate and final OCR results, developed in response to the needs of a newly developed OCR system and ground truth data release. The format embeds OCR information invisibly inside the HTML and CSS standards and therefore can represent a wide range of linguistic and typographic phenomena with already well-defined, widely understood markup and can be processed using widely available and known tools. The format is based on a new, multi-level abstraction of OCR results based on logical markup, common typesetting models, and OCR engine-specific markup, making it suitable both for the support of existing workflows and the development of future model-based OCR engines.
Beyond search: the information access research group at Apple

By the end of the 1980s, the people who accessed information for a living were finally beginning to recognize the benefits of relevance-ranked full-text information retrieval (IR). As more and more information became available online, and needed to be accessed by an increasingly broad audience, systems like WAIS offered new levels of power and simplicity to searching. Users neither had to tag the data nor learn complex Boolean queries to search it. Matches could be as exact or as "fuzzy" as desired, and the system would indicate how good a match each result was. Users could ask for "more documents like these," taking advantage of the ease of recognition and avoiding the difficulty of recall. Ironically, all of these concepts were developed by the IR research community in the 1960s, yet were not widely used in commercial systems until the late 1980s. (Even today, most of the major Internet search services only take advantage of some of these attributes.)
Habermas on Historical Materialism

Introduction I. Theory Reconstruction and Theory Replacement II. Philosophical Anthropology or Theory of History? III. The Transitional Period IV. Knowledge and Interest Again V. The Reconstruction of Historical Materialism VI. The Rejection of Historical Materialism VII. The Concept of Ideology and the Crisis Theory VIII. The Labor Theory of Value and Historical Materialism IX. Theory, Practice, and the Relevance of Reason Conclusion The Relevance of Reason Notes Index
Quantitative voxel‐to‐voxel comparison of TriBeam and DCT strontium titanate three‐dimensional data sets

Recently, techniques for the acquisition of three-dimensional tomographic and four-dimensional time-resolved data sets have emerged, allowing for the analysis of mm3 volumes of material with nm-scale resolution. The ability to merge multi-modal data sets acquired via multiple techniques for the quantitative analysis of structure, chemistry and phase information is still a significant challenge. Large three-dimensional data sets have been acquired by time-resolved diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) and a new TriBeam tomography technique with high spatial resolution to address grain growth in strontium titanate. A methodology for combining three-dimensional tomographic data has been developed. Algorithms for the alignment of orientation reference frames, unification of sampling grids and automated grain matching have been integrated, and the resulting merged data set permits the simultaneous analysis of all tomographic data on a voxel-by-voxel and grain-by-grain basis. Quantitative analysis of merged data sets collected using DCT and TriBeam tomography shows that the spatial resolution of the DCT technique is limited near grain boundaries and the sample edge, resolving grains down to 10 µm diameter for the reconstruction method used. While the TriBeam technique allows for higher-resolution analysis of boundary plane location, it is a destructive tomography approach and can only be employed at the conclusion of a four-dimensional experiment.
African American Relationship Schema Scale: Development and Validation

In an effort to explain the markedly high HIV infection rate for African American women, several theories have been posited. One theory suggests that expectations about relationships (i.e., relationship schemas and scripts) may be useful in explaining this phenomenon. Qualitative research has identified several relevant relationship scripts for this population that seem to be associated with safer sex behaviors; however, limited quantitative research has been conducted to confirm and validate these findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound self-report measure of relationship schemas in African American women (N=441). After initial item generation, pilot testing using a focus group, and item elimination, the data were factor-analyzed to validate a Relationship Schema Scale for African American women, RSS-AA. The RSS-AA was also found to be meaningfully related to self-esteem and depression, factors that are independently related to safer sex behavior.
Design of Proxy Signature in ECDSA

DSA and ECDSA are two standard signatures, which have been fully discussed and well accepted. However, they both lack functionality of proxy signature. On the other hand, most of the proxy signature schemes, which have been proposed prior to this date, are seldom based on standard signatures. Consequently, most proxy signature schemes have been considered infeasible due to obvious security weaknesses. In this work, we propose a proxy-protected signature scheme based on ECDSA to satisfy the basic properties of partial delegation proxy signature described by Mambo et al. as well as strong proxy signature properties defined by Lee et al. Moreover, an example of practical usage of the proposed schemes is offered.
Design, modeling and analysis of ITS using UML and Petri Nets

This paper is about the application of formal methods to model and analyze complex systems in the context of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). It suggests a specification methodology based on a set of UML diagrams to generate a complete analyzable formal model. The methodology integrates the requirements of incremental and modular development for complex systems. The analysis made on the formal model is carried out through qualitative criteria, verified by model checking tools. The proposed guidelines are illustrated by a case study which considers cars in traffic situations, exchanging information about their states to reach consistency among their driving decisions.
Human Pulling Strengths in Different Conditions of Exertion

This study tested 29 young Taiwanese men and 31 young Taiwanese women to examine the effects of pulling type (one-handed and two-handed) and height (48 cm, 84 cm, 120 cm, and 156 cm) on maximum horizontal isometric pulling strengths. Analysis showed differences in pulling strength between one-handed and two-handed efforts were surprisingly small for free pulling postures. The pulling strength decreased significantly with pulling height. The highest pulling strength was approximately two to three fold the lowest pulling strength across the four pulling heights. The women's pulling strength was approximately 59% to 67% of men's pulling strength. The test-retest correlations for pulling strength were satisfactory. The correlations between pulling strength and subjects' anthropometry were not sufficiently high to justify the prediction of strength. Most correlations between strengths in any two different pulling conditions were high and significant.
Surveillance of coral reef development using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

With the arrival of new robotic technologies such as an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), a number of tasks that cannot be done by human now can be accomplished and bring human to reach the dangerous and unreachable areas. An AUV can be related to the most invention which can reduce human's work using specialized equipment and devices that control and perform the particular tasks. Therefore, it is able to fulfil the predetermined task without any human control and to react against unexpected situation by its artificial intelligence. This paper examines the effectiveness of using AUV as surveillance system for coral reef ecology. We propose a new AUV that ease researcher or activist to survey the condition of coral reef ecology environment.
Auto-tagging The Facebook

For those not familiar, The Facebook is an extremely vast social networking web service for college students. Users can present contact information, retain lists of friends, and upload images to a personal online album using the service, and can even “tag” regions of those pictures where their friends appear, essentially putting names to all the faces. Many users have uploaded hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of fully tagged pictures of themselves and others. However, the tagging process is tedious and time-consuming, and as such our goal was to implement a machine learning algorithm for quickly and automatically tagging newly uploaded pictures.
A novel solution based on mobile agent for anonymity in wireless and mobile ad hoc networks

In ad hoc networks, a collection of wireless hosts cooperates to transmit packets to each other, even if they are beyond their direct wireless transmission range. Recently, many proposed routing protocols provide routing services for ad hoc networks. In addition, significant attention has been devoted to developing secure and anonymous routing protocols against a variety of possible attacks. In such an environment, malicious nodes will jeopardize the security of wireless ad hoc networks if the issues of secure data exchange are not properly handled. In this paper, we discuss the mobile agent technique and then propose a novel solution for secure and anonymous communication based on employing a mobile agent in wireless and mobile ad hoc networks, which we refer to as ARMA. Furthermore, we present the Malicious Encryption and Malicious ID attacks, as well as other attacks, and note how our scheme is robust to them. Through the proof of protocol correctness, our protocol is analyzed to show how it offers provable security properties.
Enabling backbone networks to sleep

Today, backbone networks of telecom operators deploy a large number of devices and links. This is mainly due to both redundancy purposes for network service reliability and resource overdimensioning for maintaining quality of service during rush hours. Unfortunately, current network devices do not have power management primitives, and have constant energy consumption independent of their actual workloads. Starting from these considerations, we propose a viable approach to introduce and support standby modes in backbone network devices. This approach can be effectively used to almost halve the energy requirements of the whole telecom core network. Our main idea consists of periodically reconfiguring nodes and links to meet incoming traffic volumes and operational constraints of real-world networks, such as reliability, stability, quality of service, and reconvergence times. To this purpose, the approach we propose directly exploits the main features of both backbone device architectures and the network protocol stack.
Dynamical Characterization of Input-Voltage-Feedforward-Controlled Buck Converter

The use of input-voltage-feedforward (IVFF) control has become a popular method to implement a low-cost bus converter in the telecommunications distributed power architectures because the IVFF control can provide adequate output-voltage accuracy in respect to the variations in the input voltage even at open loop, when applied to a buck converter. The method in itself is well known from the 1980s, but the dynamical features that the method would provide have not been fully investigated and reported. The results of the investigations made in this paper show that the IVFF control would provide input-noise attenuation comparable to the peak-current-mode control, voltage-loop gain largely independent of input voltage, and highly reduced input-filter interactions as compared to the voltage-mode control. The main disadvantage is the reduced output-voltage-load-transient response due to the input-voltage-dependent maximum duty ratio. The observations are supported with comprehensive experimental measurements
Summarizing email conversations with clue words

Accessing an ever increasing number of emails, possibly on small mobile devices, has become a major problem for many users. Email summarization is a promising way to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a new framework for email summarization. One novelty is to use a fragment quotation graph to try to capture an email conversation. The second novelty is to use clue words to measure the importance of sentences in conversation summarization. Based on clue words and their scores, we propose a method called CWS, which is capable of producing a summary of any length as requested by the user. We provide a comprehensive comparison of CWS with various existing methods on the Enron data set. Preliminary results suggest that CWS provides better summaries than existing methods.
Co-channel speech separation for robust automatic speech recognition: stability and efficiency

A signal-separation front-end based on adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) was integrated with an HMM based speaker independent continuous speech recognition system for co-channel speech recognition. The ADF is improved by addressing the adaptation gain for system stability and efficiency: an upper bound of adaptation rate is derived for system stability, and an accelerated sequence of adaptation gain is introduced for system efficiency. The system was evaluated under simulated room acoustic conditions with both time-invariant and time-varying channels. It is shown that the system significantly improved the signal-to-interference ratio and the recognition word accuracy, and that the combination of the derived upper bound for adaptation rate with the accelerated adaptation gain sequence achieved the best performance for system stability and efficiency.
Combined analysis of cross‐reacting antibodies anti‐β1AR and anti‐B13 in advanced stages of Chagas heart disease

Autoantibodies cross‐reacting with the β1 adrenergic receptor (anti‐β1AR and anti‐p2β) and cardiac myosin antigens (anti‐B13) have been related to the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD). Studies exploring their levels in different stages are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of these autoantibodies with the clinical profile of chronic patients, especially regarding their classificatory accuracy in severe presentation with heart failure.
Sunflower domestication alleles support single domestication center in eastern North America

Phylogenetic analyses of genes with demonstrated involvement in evolutionary transitions can be an important means of resolving conflicting hypotheses about evolutionary history or process. In sunflower, two genes have previously been shown to have experienced selective sweeps during its early domestication. In the present study, we identified a third candidate early domestication gene and conducted haplotype analyses of all three genes to address a recent, controversial hypothesis about the origin of cultivated sunflower. Although the scientific consensus had long been that sunflower was domesticated once in eastern North America, the discovery of pre-Columbian sunflower remains at archaeological sites in Mexico led to the proposal of a second domestication center in southern Mexico. Previous molecular studies with neutral markers were consistent with the former hypothesis. However, only two indigenous Mexican cultivars were included in these studies, and their provenance and genetic purity have been questioned. Therefore, we sequenced regions of the three candidate domestication genes containing SNPs diagnostic for domestication from large, newly collected samples of Mexican sunflower landraces and Mexican wild populations from a broad geographic range. The new germplasm also was genotyped for 12 microsatellite loci. Our evidence from multiple evolutionarily important loci and from neutral markers supports a single domestication event for extant cultivated sunflower in eastern North America.
Paving the way for future use of the Urban Trench model along with a lane level road map

Positioning is one of the key functional components of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) with communication and computing. Road transport and Location Based Services will make use of GNSS for positioning purpose and both road and LBS are the main application domains of GNSS. This article focuses on urban applications. The rover is moving in streets where buildings around make urban trenches. The so called Urban Trench model is used to correct non-line-of-sight satellites. The principle is first presented. Then several modalities of applying this principle are addressed, in particular the a priori road lane map-matching of the rover position estimate. Last, experimental data are processed with this principle and its various applications, results are shown and analysed, so that first conclusions are drawn and research perspectives designed.