Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Josephson junctions using AFM nanolithography

Planar weak link structures, such as micro-bridges, variable thickness bridges and nanobridges, have always attracted a lot of attention. Their potential to behave as real Josephson elements make them useful devices, with numerous applications. Powerful techniques, such as focused ion-beam and electron-beam lithography, were successfully used and are well understood in planar weak link structure fabrication. In this dissertation the results of an experimental study on planar weak link structures are presented. For the first time these structures have been successfully fabricated using AFM nanolithography on hard high-temperature superconducting YBCO tracks, where diamond coated silicon tips were used as a ploughing tool. Superconducting YBCO thin films were deposited on different substrates, using inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The films were used to fabricate micro-bridges, variable thickness bridges and nano-bridges, by using conventional photolithography, argon ion-beam milling and AFM nanolithography. The measured I-V characteristics of the fabricated micro-bridges (width down to 1.9 μm), variable thickness bridges (thickness down to 15 nm) and nano-bridge (width down to 490 nm) showed well defined DC andAC Josephson effect characteristics. For better understanding of the behaviour of these types of weak links, critical current versus temperature measurements, and magnetic field modulation of the critical current measurements, were also performed, with the results and discussions given inside the chapters. The major challenges that were experienced in the laboratory during the fabrication processes and the operation of the fabricated devices are also discussed, with the solutions given where appropriate.
Torsional Shear Stress Minimization Techniques and Implications on Electromagnetic Performance of Flux-Modulated Double Rotors

Magnetic-geared machines are based on the flux-modulation principle and typically constructed with a flux-modulated double rotor (FMDR). The modulator experiences high torsional stresses when designed for high torque transmission. As a result, the FMDR has high probability of failure if not designed appropriately. In this paper, the FMDR design options are investigated with mechanical and electromagnetic finite element (FE) modeling. The addition of filler material in between the poles of the modulator pole-pieces is found to reduce the shear stresses by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$61.7\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$87.2\%$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the cost of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\%$</tex-math> </inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.2\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> lower pull-out torque. Possible shear stress reduction with the design of bridged modulators is investigated. Increase in pole number is shown to increase localized stress levels in bridged modulators. Electromagnetic simulations show that for a given FMDR specification, the highest pull-out torque is at an optimal pole number. The tradeoff between FMDR weight, losses, and shear stress are discussed. A scaled-size prototype FMDR with a bridged modulator is constructed. The FMDR is tested and is shown to achieve comparable results with the FE simulations. At field intensity levels above 600 kA/m in the periphery, the FMDR achieves reduced pull-out torque <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28.7\%$ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower in comparison with three-dimensional simulations. The losses at different load levels of the FMDR are also compared with experimental and FE simulation result and are shown to confirm the FE simulation results.
Balance control analysis of humanoid robot based on ZMP feedback control

Balance control analysis of humanoid robot based on Zero Moment Point (ZMP) feedback control is presented. ZMP is mostly used as standard evaluation of stability of humanoid robot, and balance control is conducted by controlling ZMP position so that it is always in convex hull of the foot-support area. To simplify the design of controller, it is mainly used as one mass inverted pendulum model which represents lower body of humanoid robot model. However this model causes system to become non-minimum phase and performance limitation of the system occurrs, because of the presence of Waterbed effect in frequency domain and unavoidable undershoot in time domain. This paper proposes ZMP feedback control using two masses inverted pendulum model which represents lower and upper body of humanoid robot and creates minimum phase system. The design of the controller based on the proposed model using linear quadratic by considering output is described and confirmed using simulation.
Triterpene alcohols and sterols from rice bran reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rodents and humans.

SCOPE Hyperglycemia is a major public health problem worldwide and there is increasing demand for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic, prediabetic, and healthy humans. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated whether rice bran and triterpene alcohol and sterol preparation (TASP) lowered hyperglycemia in mice and humans. Brown rice and white rice supplemented with TASP lowered the postprandial hyperglycemia in humans. TASP and its components (cycloartenol [CA], 24-methylene cycloartanol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol) decreased postprandial hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice. Glucose transport into everted rat intestinal sacs and human HuTu80 cells transfected with sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1) was significantly reduced by the addition of CA. Intracellular localization analysis suggested that SGLT1 translocation to the apical plasma membrane was inhibited when the cells were treated with CA. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that TASP from rice bran lowered postprandial hyperglycemia in mice and humans. The smaller increase in blood glucose following TASP consumption may be due to the CA-induced decrease in glucose absorption from the intestine, which may be related to decreased membrane translocation of SGLT1.
Machine learning–based diagnosis of melanoma using macro images

Cancer bears a poisoning threat to human society. Melanoma, the skin cancer, originates from skin layers and penetrates deep into subcutaneous layers. There exists an extensive research in melanoma diagnosis using dermatoscopic images captured through a dermatoscope. While designing a diagnostic model for general handheld imaging systems is an emerging trend, this article proposes a computer‐aided decision support system for macro images captured by a general‐purpose camera. General imaging conditions are adversely affected by nonuniform illumination, which further affects the extraction of relevant information. To mitigate it, we process an image to define a smooth illumination surface using the multistage illumination compensation approach, and the infected region is extracted using the proposed multimode segmentation method. The lesion information is numerated as a feature set comprising geometry, photometry, border series, and texture measures. The redundancy in feature set is reduced using information theory methods, and a classification boundary is modeled to distinguish benign and malignant samples using support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and fast discriminative mixed‐membership–based naive Bayesian classifiers. Moreover, the experimental outcome is supported by hypothesis testing and boxplot representation for classification losses. The simulation results prove the significance of the proposed model that shows an improved performance as compared with competing arts.
Loss Calculation, Thermal Analysis, and Measurement of Magnetically Suspended PM Machine

Temperature rise caused by losses is a key issue for a high-speed machine. This paper deals with loss calculation and thermal analysis of a high-speed magnetically suspended PM machine (MSPMM) with an actual power of 33 kW and rotation speed of 55 332 r/min. The temperature distribution based on the finite element method is obtained by accounting for various losses, which consist of air friction losses, copper losses, and iron losses of a radial magnetic bearing, a combined radial/axial magnetic bearing, and high-speed permanent magnet machine (PMM). A back-to-back test setup with two MSPMM is fabricated for verifying the calculation results. The predicted maximum temperature of rotor is located in the center of the cylindrical permanent magnet, and the value is 143 °C. Except for the rotor, the estimated maximum temperature of the stator parts is located in tooth tips of the motor stator core, the value is 92 °C, and the error between the predicted temperature and the measured one is 9.3%. Total measured losses are 1644.4 W, the estimated total losses are 1536.7 W, the error is 6.5%, and the efficiency of the machine under test is 94.6%. The loss calculation and thermal analysis results are verified by the measured ones.
B cell epitopes of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2: identification of a new specific antibody marker for active lupus disease

Objectives: Autoantibody formation and T cell reactivity against the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP-A2) has been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Since no differences in epitope recognition were reported and the usefulness of anti-hnRNP-A2 antibodies as diagnostic markers of SLE is unknown, it was our objective to characterise linear B cell epitopes of hnRNP-A2 and to relate the anti-hnRNP-A2 antibody responses to disease activity and clinical features of SLE. Methods: Sequential serum samples from 15 patients with SLE and sera from patients with other rheumatic diseases and healthy subjects were investigated by ELISA for autoantibody reactivities against a set of 13 overlapping peptides spanning the RNA-binding region of hnRNP-A2. Antibody reactivity against the complete protein was determined by western immunoblotting and ELISA. SLE disease activity was assessed by European Consensus Lupus Activity Measure scores, by SLE Index scores and the British Isles Lupus Assessment index. Results: Anti-peptide antibody reactivities were found in 60% of SLE sera but in only 5% of control samples, and were mainly directed to four peptides, one of which (p155–175) appeared to be immunodominant. Antibodies to p155–175 were exclusively seen in patients with SLE and correlated with clinical disease activity as well as kidney and skin involvement. No correlations were found for the other anti-peptide antibody responses. Conclusion: Peptide p155–175 encompasses a disease-specific immunodominant epitope of hnRNP-A2. Since antibodies to p155–175 correlate with disease activity and nephritis, they may be useful as markers for active SLE.
Ethylene vinyl acetate films filled with ytterbium containing rare earth particles (Y2SiO5: Ce3+, Yb3+) which have optical down-conversion capabilities and useful for encapsulating solar cells

In order to improve conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells, optically down-converting encapsulate films were prepared by introducing rare earth particles Y2SiO5: Ce3+, Yb3+ into ethylene vinyl acetate. First, ethylene vinyl acetate and the filler particles (up to 5 wt%) were melt compounded. Then, 0.4-mm thick film samples were made from the compounds with a laminator. Light conversion properties of the ethylene vinyl acetate films were investigated by UV-Vis-NIR spectra and fluorescence spectra. The relationships between the light conversion and the film transmittance were analyzed. The results show that the Y2SiO5: Ce3+, Yb3+-filled films were able to optically down-convert the 457 nm blue-violet light to the 980 nm near-infrared light. Peel strength increased to 31% (from 14.2 N/mm to 18.6 N/mm) and thermal conductivity increased to 31.3% (from 0.220 W/mK to 0.289 W/mK) in the 1 wt% Y2SiO5: Ce3+, Yb3+ film sample along with a slight reduction in transmittance (from 91.1% to 89.0%), as compared to the unfilled ethylene vinyl acetate films. Bulk electrical resistivity at 1 wt% filler decreased slightly to 1.45 × 1015 ohm·cm, as compared to the unfilled ethylene vinyl acetate film (1.03 × 1016 ohm·cm). The results suggested that the prepared films with varying filler contents could be useful both as front encapsulate films and back sheets for solar cell panels.
Top‐down and bottom‐up influences on the left ventral occipito‐temporal cortex during visual word recognition: An analysis of effective connectivity

The functional role of the left ventral occipito‐temporal cortex (vOT) in visual word processing has been studied extensively. A prominent observation is higher activation for unfamiliar but pronounceable letter strings compared to regular words in this region. Some functional accounts have interpreted this finding as driven by top‐down influences (e.g., Dehaene and Cohen [ ]: Trends Cogn Sci 15:254–262; Price and Devlin [ ]: Trends Cogn Sci 15:246–253), while others have suggested a difference in bottom‐up processing (e.g., Glezer et al. [ ]: Neuron 62:199–204; Kronbichler et al. [ ]: J Cogn Neurosci 19:1584–1594). We used dynamic causal modeling for fMRI data to test bottom‐up and top‐down influences on the left vOT during visual processing of regular words and unfamiliar letter strings. Regular words (e.g., taxi) and unfamiliar letter strings of pseudohomophones (e.g., taksi) were presented in the context of a phonological lexical decision task (i.e., “Does the item sound like a word? ”). We found no differences in top‐down signaling, but a strong increase in bottom‐up signaling from the occipital cortex to the left vOT for pseudohomophones compared to words. This finding can be linked to functional accounts which assume that the left vOT contains neurons tuned to complex orthographic features such as morphemes or words [e.g., Dehaene and Cohen [ ]: Trends Cogn Sci 15:254‐262; Kronbichler et al. [ ]: J Cogn Neurosci 19:1584–1594]: For words, bottom‐up signals converge onto a matching orthographic representation in the left vOT. For pseudohomophones, the propagated signals do not converge, but (partially) activate multiple orthographic word representations, reflected in increased effective connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1668–1680, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hysteresis and nonlinear elasticity in rocks

The purpose of this paper is to describe a theory of the propagation of elastic waves in hysteretic nonlinear elastic materials, e.g., rock. In the next section, we introduce the Priesach-Mayergoyz (P-M) model [6,7] of hysteretic systems and adapt it to describe the hysteretic mesoscopic elastic units (HMEU) determining the elastic properties of a rock. We combine the P-M model with effective medium theory (EMT) [8] to find the elastic response of a rock that has experienced a specified pressure history. Next, we consider elastic wave propagation in a hysteretic nonlinear elastic system governed by a history dependent equation of state. We consider one-dimensional propagation of compressional waves. The equation of motion for the longitudinal displacement field contains the same hysteretic nonlinear interactions that characterize the equation of state. We solve the equation of motion using the Green function technique developed by McCall [9]. This solution lets us identify the qualitative features in harmonic generation that are signatures of nonlinearity and hysteresis.
Tantalum Vacancy Effects on Electrical Conductivity of La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 and Ba-Based P321 Crystals

Single Crystalline Langatate (La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14, LTG) Has Been Widely Used in Piezoelectric Sensors for High Temperature Applications because of its Structural Stability at High Temperature. however, in the Recent Experiment, an Increase of Electrical Conductivity Has Been Also Observed at the Intermediate Temperature Region Ranges from 300 to 700°C. Also, in Theoretical Calculations, Penta-Valent Ta Vacancy Can Be Easily Generated and Influence Resistivity Degradation of the Crystal. In this Study, to Elucidate the Ta Vacancy Effects on Electrical Conductivity of LTG and Recently Proposed Ba-Based P321 Crystal such as BTGS and BTAS, Electrical Conductivity of those Materials Were Calculated and Compared by Utilizing Boltzmann Transport Theory. The Calculated GW Band Gaps of Perfect BTGS and BTAS (5.94 Ev and 6.69 Ev, Respectivily) Were much Larger than that of LTG (5.36 Ev). Also, at Intermediate Temperature (1000K), the Calculated Electrical Conductivity of LTG with V'''''Ta (in Kröger-Vink Notation [13]) Was around Twelve Times Higher than the Conductivity of BTGS and BTAS with Ta Vacancy.
Temporal subgraph isomorphism

Temporal information is increasingly available with network data sets. This information can expose underlying processes in the data via sequences of link activations. Examples range from the propagation of ideas through a scientific collaboration network, to the spread of disease via contacts between infected and susceptible individuals. We focus on the flow of funds through an online financial transaction network, in which given patterns might signify suspicious behaviour. The search for these patterns may be formulated as a temporally constrained subgraph isomorphism problem. We compare two algorithms which use temporal data at different stages during the search, and empirically demonstrate one to be significantly more efficient.
Combined Analysis of Stress‐ and ECM‐Related Genes in Their Effect on Weight Regain

During weight loss, the volume of adipocytes decreases, leading to stress because of the misfit between the cell contents and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). This stress can be resolved by remodeling the ECM or the restorage of triglycerides within the adipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of a connection between stress‐related and ECM‐related genes that is associated with weight regain.
Photonic-Delay Line Cross Correlation Method Based on DWDM for Phase Noise Measurement

A dual photonic-delay line cross-correlation method for phase noise measurement of microwave signal based on dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The kilometer-long delay fiber is used together by the two mutually independent channels through the DWDM technology, which makes it easier to get the same delay between two channels. And it reduces the cost of the system by reducing the use of several kilometers of fiber and a Mach–Zendher modulator. Then, it uses variable optical fiber delay lines to replace the electronic phase shifters and a broader operation bandwidth can be obtained. A lower phase noise floor has been obtained by more averaging of the cross-correlation spectrum. In the experiments, the phase noise of a 10-GHz microwave signal has been measured accurately. A large operation bandwidth of 4–11 GHz is achieved and a measurement phase noise floor of –152.6 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset at 10 GHz in a 20 μs delay measurement system is realized by averaging 100 times.
How good are we at selecting students that meet our mission? Outcomes of the 2011 and 2012 entering classes selected by a locally developed multiple mini interview

Abstract Background: Can a locally developed multiple mini interview (MMI) process lead to outcomes reflective of local values and mission? Methods: In 2017, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of the relationship of MMI with multiple-choice-based outcomes and non-multiple-choice-based outcomes, including clerkship competencies, OSCE, scholarship/service/leadership, academic honor society induction, peer and faculty humanism nominations, and overall performance at graduation for two entering classes with acceptance decisions based exclusively on a locally developed MMI. Results: There was no association between MMI and performance on multiple-choice-based examinations. For other outcomes, the effect size of MMI for OSCE was small and leadership/service and scholarship did not correlate with MMI score. For clerkship competencies, there was medium effect size for patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, and cultural competence. Highest and lowest quartile MMI scorers were no different in academic honor society induction; however, top quartile MMI scorers received more humanism votes versus last quartile and were more likely rated outstanding or excellent graduates. Conclusions: Local development of MMI and of admissions processes with sole reliance on MMI for final acceptance decisions will not affect academic preparation/medical school performance in multiple-choice-based assessments but can lead to locally desired attributes in students.
Offgas emissions from the plasma hearth process

ABSTRACT The Department of Energy is currently evaluating SAIC's Plasma Hearth Process (PHP) for use as a new method of treating mixtures of radioactive and hazardous wastes. The PHP has been specifically designed for the treatment of both low-level and transuranic mixed waste. These mixed wastes range in composition from non-combustible inorganic sludge wastes to highly combustible plastic and organic sludge wastes. The unique aspect of the PHP technology is its ability to treat this wide range of materials even when combined as a poorly characterized heterogeneous mixture. The PHP uses a plasma-arc torch to volatilize the organic components of the waste and vitrify residual inert materials. Hazardous organic constituents are destroyed in a secondary combustion chamber. Offgas from the process is thoroughly cleaned by state-of-the-art air pollution control equipment. This paper describes the results of the "proof-of-principle" testing of this technology and focuses on the results of the analysis of the o.
Effect of Gray Scale Binder Levels on Additive Manufacturing of Porous Scaffolds with Heterogeneous Properties

An additive manufacturing platform was developed for fabricating constructs with heterogeneous properties. The liquid binder amount was investigated in calcium polyphosphate bone substitutes. Two part categories were produced with 150 and 190 μm layer thickness and 70, 80, 90, 100, and 90/70% gray scale. It was shown that the gray scale level had an effect on samples with 150 μm layer thickness where porosity ranged between 43 ± 1% and 49 ± 2% and the compressive strength varied between 4.8 ± 1.3 MPa and 15.5 ± 1.9 MPa. The results suggest that the binder gray scale level can be used to locally predict porous properties.
Model checking cloud rendering system for the QoS evaluation

This paper briefly introduce a method to evaluate the reliability of a cloud rendering system by using probability models. An extended discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) is proposed considering the QoS (Quality of Service). Then, some properties defined from 3 aspects give full consideration to the processes of rendering tasks, which can be verified by performing PRISM in a quantitative way. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our method can ensure and improve the QoS reliability of the cloud rendering system.