Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Another Nine-Inch Nail for Behavioral Genetics!

About the time that I was completing my doctoral training (in 1971), reactions to Jensen’s [1969] paper in the Harvard Educational Review about the heritability of intelligence were beginning to be published [e.g., Hebb, 1970; Hirsch, 1970] and were explaining to social and behavioral scientists the egregious flaws in theory and method associated with behavior genetics. As a neophyte in developmental science, I naively believed that the matter of genetic reductionism would have been settled by this exchange, and by the classic paper of Anastasi [1958] and the earlier one by Schneirla [1956]. I was certain that no one would again take seriously the idea that genes (nature), split off from the environment, from the multiple levels of the context (or ecology) of human development (nurture), could provide an independent, noninteractive source of intelligence or of any other functional (or structural) feature of human development, no matter what dazzling statistical [but ill-founded; e.g., Feldman & Lewontin, 1975; Layzer, 1974; Wahlsten, 1990] methods were used to estimate the additive and isolated influence of genes on behavior. I was wrong. Across the ensuing third of a century the erroneous claims and misinterpreted data of behavioral genetics, and of associated biologically reductionist accounts of human development (such as sociobiology or evolutionary psychology), have continued to ‘rise from the grave’ [e.g., Buss, 2003; Herrnstein, 1971, 1973; Herrnstein & Murray, 1994; Jensen, 1973, 1980; Plomin, 1986, 2000; Rowe, 1994; Rushton, 2000], despite the biological, psychological and statistical scholarship that should have kept these ideas ‘dead and buried’ [e.g., Braun, 2004; Collins et al., 2000; Gottlieb, 1997, 1998, 2004; Gottlieb, Wahlsten, & Lickliter, 2006; Greenberg & Tobach, 1984; Hirsch, 1981, 2004; Joseph, 2003; Kamin, 1974; Lerner, 2002; Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1974; Overton, 1973, 2006; Suomi, 2004].
Learning Joint Feature Adaptation for Zero-Shot Recognition

Zero-shot recognition (ZSR) aims to recognize target-domain data instances of unseen classes based on the models learned from associated pairs of seen-class source and target domain data. One of the key challenges in ZSR is the relative scarcity of source-domain features (e.g. one feature vector per class), which do not fully account for wide variability in target-domain instances. In this paper we propose a novel framework of learning data-dependent feature transforms for scoring similarity between an arbitrary pair of source and target data instances to account for the wide variability in target domain. Our proposed approach is based on optimizing over a parameterized family of local feature displacements that maximize the source-target adaptive similarity functions. Accordingly we propose formulating zero-shot learning (ZSL) using latent structural SVMs to learn our similarity functions from training data. As demonstration we design a specific algorithm under the proposed framework involving bilinear similarity functions and regularized least squares as penalties for feature displacement. We test our approach on several benchmark datasets for ZSR and show significant improvement over the state-of-the-art. For instance, on aP&Y dataset we can achieve 80.89% in terms of recognition accuracy, outperforming the state-of-the-art by 11.15%.
OPERA: Optimal Routing Metric for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Two main issues affect the existing routing metrics for cognitive radio ad hoc networks: i) they are often based on heuristics, and thus they have not been proved to be optimal; ii) they do not account for the route diversity effects, and thus they are not able to measure the actual cost of a route. In this paper, an optimal routing metric for cognitive radio ad hoc networks, referred to as OPERA, is proposed. OPERA is designed to achieve two features: i) Optimality: OPERA is optimal when combined with both Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford based routing protocols; ii) Accuracy: OPERA exploits the route diversity provided by the intermediate nodes to measure the actual end-to-end delay, by taking explicitly into account the unique characteristics of cognitive radio networks. A closed-form expression of the proposed routing metric is analytically derived for both static and mobile networks, and its optimality is proved rigorously. Performance evaluation is conducted through simulations, and the results reveal the benefits of adopting the proposed routing metric for cognitive radio ad hoc networks.
Microsatellite Loci in the Gypsophyte Lepidium subulatum (Brassicaceae), and Transferability to Other Lepidieae

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Ibero-North African, strict gypsophyte Lepidium subulatum to unravel the effects of habitat fragmentation in levels of genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow among its populations. Using 454 pyrosequencing 12 microsatellite loci including di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were characterized in L. subulatum. They amplified a total of 80 alleles (2–12 alleles per locus) in a sample of 35 individuals of L. subulatum, showing relatively high levels of genetic diversity, HO = 0.645, HE = 0.627. Cross-species transferability of all 12 loci was successful for the Iberian endemics Lepidium cardamines, Lepidium stylatum, and the widespread, Lepidium graminifolium and one species each of two related genera, Cardaria draba and Coronopus didymus. These microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate genetic diversity, population structure and to address conservation genetics in species of Lepidium.
DOA Estimation for ULA Systems from Short Data Snapshots: An Annihilating Filter Approach

In this paper we derive a new method of DOA estimation for ULA configurations using the annihilating filter technique. The new method is non-data-aided (NDA) and does not therefore impinge on the whole throughput of the system. The noise components are assumed spatially and temporally white. The transmitted signals are also assumed to be temporally and spatially white (across the transmitting sources). The new method is compared in performance to the root-MUSIC algorithm, a powerful DOA estimation technique for ULA configurations. Simulations will show that the new method performs well over a wide SNR range. The main advantage of the new method is that it succeeds in accurately estimating the DOAs for fast moving sources or for short data snapshots, and even from a single snapshot where the root-MUSIC method fails completely.
Outsourcing and Low-Skilled Workers in the U.K.

Outsourcing is proxied by constructing import penetration terms for groups of countries (distinguishing between imports from industrialized countries and imports from low-wage countries) for each four-digit industry within the broader categories of textiles and non-electrical machinery. The results show that imports from low-wage countries have made a significant contribution to the decline in the wage-bill share and relative employment of the less-skilled in the UK. The degree of outsourcing may differ between industries, and large currency appreciations may have a disproportionately large impact on the economic fortunes of the less-skilled. Copyright 1999 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Board of Trustees of the Bulletin of Economic Research
Rubia cordifolia: a review

SUMMARY Medicinal herbs are significant source of synthetic and herbal drugs. In the commercial market,medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated active constituents are usedfor applied research. For the last few decades, phytochemistry (study of plants) has been makingrapid progress and herbal products are becoming popular. According to Ayurveda, the ancienthealing system of India, the classical texts of Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhitawere written around 1000 B.C. The Ayurvedic Materia Medica includes 600 medicinal plantsalong with therapeutics. Herbs like turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, garlic and holy basil are integralpart of Ayurvedic formulations. The formulations incorporate single herb or more than two herbs(poly-herbal formulations). Medicinal herb contains multitude of chemical compounds likealkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, oleoresins, sesquiterpene, lactones and oils (essential andfixed). Today there is growing interest in chemical composition of plant based medicines. Severalbioactive constituents have been isolated and studied for pharmacological activity. R. cordifolia isan important medicinal plant commonly used in the traditional and Ayurvedic system ofmedicine for treatment of different ailments. This review illustrates its major constituents,pharmacological actions substantiating the claims made about this plant in the traditional systemof medicine and its clinical applications. Key words: Rubia cordifolia; Ayurveda; Clinical applications
In vivo measurement of local aortic pulse‐wave velocity in mice with MR microscopy at 17.6 tesla

Transgenic mouse models of human diseases have gained increasing importance in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As an indirect measure of vascular stiffness, aortic pulse‐wave velocity (PWV) is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. This study presents an MRI approach that uses a flow area method to estimate local aortic pulse‐wave velocity at different sites in the murine aorta. By simultaneously measuring the cross‐sectional area and the through‐plane velocity with a phase‐contrast CINE method, it was possible to measure average values for the PWV in the ascending and descending aorta within the range of 2.4–4.3 m/s for C57BL/6J mice (ages 2 and 8 months) and apoE‐knockout mice (age 8 months). Statistically significant differences of the mean values of the PWV of both groups could be determined. By repeating CINE measurements with a time delay of 1 ms between two subsequent data sets, an effective temporal resolution of 1000 frames/s (fps) could be achieved. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profilin Isoforms Modulate Astrocytic Morphology and the Motility of Astrocytic Processes

The morphology of astrocytic processes determines their close structural association with synapses referred to as the ‘tripartite synapse’. Concerted morphological plasticity processes at tripartite synapses are supposed to shape neuronal communication. Morphological changes in astrocytes as well as the motility of astrocytic processes require remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Among the regulators of fast timescale actin-based motility, the actin binding protein profilin 1 has recently been shown to control the activity-dependent outgrowth of astrocytic processes. Here, we demonstrate that cultured murine astrocytes in addition to the ubiquitous profilin 1 also express the neuronal isoform profilin 2a. To analyze the cellular function of both profilins in astrocytes, we took advantage of a shRNA mediated isoform-specific downregulation. Interestingly, consistent with earlier results in neurons, we found redundant as well as isoform-specific functions of both profilins in modulating cellular physiology. The knockdown of either profilin 1 or profilin 2a led to a significant decrease in cell spreading of astrocytes. In contrast, solely the knockdown of profilin 2a resulted in a significantly reduced morphological complexity of astrocytes in both dissociated and slice culture astrocytes. Moreover, both isoforms proved to be crucial for forskolin-induced astrocytic stellation. Furthermore, forskolin treatment resulted in isoform-specific changes in the phosphorylation level of profilin 1 and profilin 2a, leading to a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of profilin 2a. In addition, transwell assays revealed an involvement of both isoforms in the motility of astrocytic processes, while FRAP analysis displayed an isoform-specific role of profilin 1 in the regulation of actin dynamics in peripheral astrocytic processes. Taken together, we suggest profilin isoforms to be important modulators of astrocytic morphology and motility with overlapping as well as isoform-specific functions.
Short report: Effect of premorbid intelligence on the Mini‐Mental State and IQCODE

Two groups of elderly men were tested on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) and the National Adult Reading Test (NART). The first group consisted of eminent academics and scientists and the second of retired blue‐collar workers. The high education group scored better on the MMSE, but not on the IQCODE. The MMSE was found to correlate with the NART, but the IQCODE did not. These results indicate that the IQCODE, unlike the MMSE, is unaffected by premorbid ability and education.
Problem 6.1 Copositive Lyapunov functions

The following notational conventions and terminology will be in force. Inequalities for vectors are understood component-wise. Given two matrices M and N with the same number of columns, the notation col(M, N) denotes the matrix obtained by stacking M over N. Let M be a matrix. The sub-matrix M JK of M is the matrix whose entries lie in the rows of M indexed by the set J and the columns indexed by the set K. For square matrices M , M JJ is called a principal submatrix of M. A symmetric matrix M is said to be non-negative (nonpositive) definite if x T M x ≥ 0 (x T M x ≤ 0) for all x. It is said to be positive (negative) definite if the equalities hold only for x = 0. Sometimes, we write M > 0 (M ≥ 0) to indicate that M is positive definite (non-negative definite), respectively. We say that a square matrix M is Hurwitz if its eigenvalues have negative real parts. A pair of matrices (A, C) is observable if the corresponding system ˙ x = Ax, y = Cx is observable, equivalently if col(C, CA, · · · , CA n−1) is of rank n where A is of order n. Lyapunov stability theory is one of the ever green topics in systems and control. For (finite dimensional) linear systems, the following theorem is very well-known. Theorem 1:[3, Theorem 1.2]: The following conditions are equivalent. 1. The system ˙ x = Ax is asymptotically stable. 2. The Lyapunov equation A T P + P A = Q has a positive definite symmetric solution P for any negative definite symmetric matrix Q. As a refinement, we can replace the last statement by 2. The Lyapunov equation A T P +P A = Q has a positive definite symmetric solution P for any nonpositive definite symmetric matrix Q such that the pair (A, Q) is observable. An interesting application is to the stability of the so-called switched systems. Consider the system ˙ x = A σ x (1) where the switching signal σ : [0, ∞) → {1, 2} is a piecewise constant function. We assume that it has a finite number of discontinuities over finite time intervals in order to rule out infinitely fast switching. A strong notion of stability for the system (1) is the requirement of stability for arbitrary switching …
Personal Problems and English Teachers: Are They Always Bad?

Personal problems involve things that are difficult to deal with, felt or experienced by certain people; in this particular study, Malaysian English language teachers. The relationship between personal problems and teaching reflection practice is researched quantitatively as there is a significant concern in the current education system that English language teachers are not doing well in educating the current generation, hence the professional developments needed to be carried out (Masilamani, et al., 2011; Schleicher, 2011; Schleicher, 2011). Based on the authors’ readings, there has yet been any research regarding this matter done in the Malaysian context. Hence, different types of personal problems have been identified via a validated questionnaire specifically made for this purpose. 45 English language teachers participated in this action research; all of whom are currently teaching in the same district in southern Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Although the results showed that personal problems affected teaching reflection practice negatively, it is hoped that future research will look into how teachers can utilize their problems as personal intrinsic motivators to obtain positive reinforcements and achieve success in their careers.
Genetic studies of autoimmunity and retrovirus expression in crosses of New Zealand black mice. II. The viral envelope glycoprotein gp70

The retroviral envelope glycoprotein, gp70 was measured in the serum of New Zealand Black (NZB) and SWR mice and the progeny of their crosses. The serum gp70 values segregated to "NZB-like" and "SWR-like" levels in these mice. A complex mechanism determined the inheritance of NZB-like serum gp70 levels. We found that the factors determining the expression of this retroviral protein were independent of the genes (Nzv-1 and Nzv- 2) that determined the expression of infectious xenotropic virus. Autoimmune disease, including immune deposit nephritis could be dissociated from the degree of expression of serum gp70. By contrast, presence of circulating immune complexes and anti-DNA antibody did correlate with the development of nephritis in these crosses. A significant correlation was found between high grade expression of serum gp70 and the presence of lymphomas in these mice.
Neuron Case Study Unreliable Evoked Responses in Autism

Ilan Dinstein,1,* David J. Heeger,2 Lauren Lorenzi,1 Nancy J. Minshew,3 Rafael Malach,4 and Marlene Behrmann1 1Department of Psychology, Baker Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 2Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA 3Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 4Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel *Correspondence: ilan@cns.nyu. edu http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuron. 2012.07. 026
Rational Integrative Model of Online Consumer Decision Making

ABSTRACT Based on traditional rational consumer theories about beliefs preceding intent to act and knowledge preceding behavior, this study proposed, and empirically tested, a hierarchical path model of decision making in the online environment, focusing on the Internet’s role in two decision stages: pre-purchase search and evaluation, and actual purchase. Both direct and indirect effects were posited in the sequential model using four Internet related variables: pre-purchase search beliefs, purchase beliefs, actual pre-purchase search, and actual purchase. The empirical test was conducted among consumers in the United States and India with 291 respondents taking the online survey (186 for the United States, 105 for India). For both U.S. and Indian respondents, each conceptualized stage of online decision making was significantly impacted by the stages preceding it, either directly or indirectly. In terms of direct effects, an antecedent Internet belief variable (pre-purchase search beliefs) impacted a consequent belief variable (purchase beliefs), and an antecedent action variable (pre-purchase search) impacted a consequent action variable (purchase). Further, the consequent belief variable (purchase beliefs) impacted the immediately following antecedent action variable (pre-purchase search). In terms of indirect effects, all antecedent variables impacted consequent variables at each stage of the model.
lassification of natural circulation two-phase flow patterns using fuzzy nference on image analysis

Two-phase flow on natural circulation phenomenon has been an important theme on recent studies related to nuclear reactor designs. The accuracy of heat transfer estimation has been improved with new models that require precise prediction of pattern transitions of flow. In this work, visualization of natural circulation cycles is used to study two-phase flow patterns associated with phase transients and static instabilities of flow. A Fuzzy Flow-type Classification System (FFCS) was developed to classify these patterns based only on image extracted features. Image acquisition and temperature measurements were simultaneously done. Experiments in natural circulation facility were adjusted to generate a series of characteristic two-phase flow instability periodic cycles. The facility is composed of a loop of glass tubes, a heat source using electrical heaters, a cold source using a helicoidal heat exchanger, a visualization section and thermocouples positioned over different loop sections. The instability cyclic period is estimated based on temperature measurements associated with the detection of a flow transition image pattern. FFCS shows good results provided that adequate image acquisition parameters and nts ar pre-processing adjustme
Complementation of the Fo c Subunit of Escherichia coli with That of Streptococcus mutans and Properties of the Hybrid FoF1 ATP Synthase

ABSTRACT The c subunit of Streptococcus mutans ATP synthase (FoF1) is functionally exchangeable with that of Escherichia coli, since E. coli with a hybrid FoF1 is able to grow on minimum succinate medium through oxidative phosphorylation. E. coli F1 bound to the hybrid Fo with the S. mutans c subunit showed N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase activity similar to that of E. coli FoF1. Thus, the S. mutans c subunit assembled into a functional Fo together with the E. coli a and b subunits, forming a normal F1 binding site. Although the H+ pathway should be functional, as was suggested by the growth on minimum succinate medium, ATP-driven H+ transport could not be detected with inverted membrane vesicles in vitro. This observation is partly explained by the presence of an acidic residue (Glu-20) in the first transmembrane helix of the S. mutans c subunit, since the site-directed mutant carrying Gln-20 partly recovered the ATP-driven H+ transport. Since S. mutans is recognized to be a primary etiological agent of human dental caries and is one cause of bacterial endocarditis, our system that expresses hybrid Fo with the S. mutans c subunit would be helpful to find antibiotics and chemicals specifically directed to S. mutans.
Gene-ontology-based analysis of gene expression changes in early development of Ceratopteris spores

Following exposure to light, single-celled spores of the aquatic fern Ceratopteris richardii undergo a series of rapid developmental changes similar to germination in higher plants. To investigate this process, Salmi, et al. tracked gene expression changes over 48 hours post-light exposure using a microarray printed with partially-sequenced Ceratopteris clones. Here, we extend this work by analyzing over-representation of gene ontology terms among differentially up-regulated genes from each time point.
Hip and Groin Injuries in Athletes

Although athletic injuries about the hip and groin occur less commonly than injuries in the extremities, they can result in extensive rehabilitation time. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and well-organized treatment plan are critical. Because loads of up to eight times body weight have been demonstrated in the hip joint during jogging, presumably even greater loads can occur during vigorous athletic competition. The available imaging modalities are effective diagnostic tools when selected on the basis of a thorough history and physical examination. Considerable controversy exists as to the cause and optimal treatment of groin pain in athletes, or the so-called “sports hernia. ” There has also been significant recent attention focused on intraarticular lesions that may be amenable to hip arthroscopy. This article briefly reviews several common hip and groin conditions affecting athletic patients and highlights some newer topics.