Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional deformable image registration using trajectory modeling

A four-dimensional deformable image registration (4D DIR) algorithm, referred to as 4D local trajectory modeling (4DLTM), is presented and applied to thoracic 4D computed tomography (4DCT) image sets. The theoretical framework on which this algorithm is built exploits the incremental continuity present in 4DCT component images to calculate a dense set of parameterized voxel trajectories through space as functions of time. The spatial accuracy of the 4DLTM algorithm is compared with an alternative registration approach in which component phase to phase (CPP) DIR is utilized to determine the full displacement between maximum inhale and exhale images. A publically available DIR reference database (http://www.dir-lab.com) is utilized for the spatial accuracy assessment. The database consists of ten 4DCT image sets and corresponding manually identified landmark points between the maximum phases. A subset of points are propagated through the expiratory 4DCT component images. Cubic polynomials were found to provide sufficient flexibility and spatial accuracy for describing the point trajectories through the expiratory phases. The resulting average spatial error between the maximum phases was 1.25 mm for the 4DLTM and 1.44 mm for the CPP. The 4DLTM method captures the long-range motion between 4DCT extremes with high spatial accuracy.
Characterizing Western Juniper Expansion via a Fusion of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Lidar Data

Abstract Juniper encroachment into shrub steppe and grassland systems is one of the most prominent changes occurring in rangelands of western North America. Most studies on juniper change are conducted over small areas, although encroachment is occurring across large regions. Development of image-based methods to assess juniper encroachment over large areas would facilitate rapid monitoring and identification of priority areas for juniper management. In this study, we fused Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Light Detection and Ranging (lidar)–based juniper classifications to evaluate juniper expansion patterns in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed of southwestern Idaho. Lidar applications for characterizing juniper encroachment attributes at finer scales were also explored. The fusion-based juniper classification model performed well (83% overall accuracy). A comparison of the resulting juniper presence/absence map to a 1965 vegetation cover map indicated 85% juniper expansion, which was consistent with tree-ring data. Comparisons of current and previous canopy-cover estimates also indicated an increase in juniper density within the historically mapped juniper distribution. Percent canopy cover of juniper varied significantly with land-cover types highlighting areas where intensive juniper management might be prioritized.
"Did you laugh enough today?" - Deep Neural Networks for Mobile and Wearable Laughter Trackers

In this paper we describe a mobile and wearable devices app that recognises laughter from speech in real-time. The laughter detection is based on a deep neural network architecture, which runs smoothly and robustly, even natively on a smartwatch. Further, this paper presents results demonstrating that our approach achieves state-of-the-art laughter detection performance on the SSPNet Vocalization Corpus (SVC) from the 2013 Interspeech Computational Paralinguistics Challenge Social Signals Sub-Challenge. As this technology is tailored for mobile and wearable devices, it enables and motivates many new use cases, for example, deployment in health care settings such as laughter tracking for psychological coaching, depression monitoring, and therapies.
Differential effects of Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide on B lymphocytes

Francisella tularensis, a designated Category A biological agent, can cause severe infection in humans. Previous studies have demonstrated a significant immunoprotective role for B lymphocytes in animal models, but the responses of human B lymphocytes to F. tularensis components are largely unknown. The LPS of F. tularensis is atypical and has been reported to lack biological activity on myeloid cells and mouse B cells. Our study characterized the immunological effects of highly purified LPS from different stains of F. tularensis on human B lymphocytes and compared these effects with those on mouse B cells and human monocyte‐derived macrophages. Results indicate that marked differences exist between cell type and species in specific responses to this interesting bacterial component. In sharp contrast to responses of mouse splenic B cells or human macrophages, human peripheral B cells showed reproducibly elevated IL‐6, TNF‐α, and antibody production in response to F. tularensis LPS. Data also indicated that these activated human B lymphocytes may subsequently promote the activation of other immune cell types by direct cell–cell interaction. Further investigation into the potential usefulness of F. tularensis LPS as an adjuvant component of a more optimal subunit vaccine is warranted, as it is now clear that it is not biologically inactive, as assumed previously.
Design of novel normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with combined gate recess and floating charge structures

Normally-off operation is strongly desired for safety and efficient power switching in order to make the HEMT devices compatible with the currently used Si based IGBT and MOSFET devices. Combination of partially gate recess etching and gate insulator interface or floating gate charges in MIS structures is proposed and demonstrated for the first time to realize the normally-off mode. Partially gate trench can effectively reduce 2DEG density and shift threshold voltage (Vth) to positive without severely degrading in 2DEG channel conductance, while gate insulator interface or floating gate charges can further increase Vth at a relatively low charge density and thus maintain normally-off mode at a much longer time. Sentaurus TCAD is used to systematically simulate and predict the characteristics of the proposed structures. A positive Vth of larger than 3 V is demonstrated by employment of gate recess with 5~10 nm barrier leftover in combination of gate dielectric charging with a low sheet density of ~1012 cm-2. The proposed structures are very promising in future power switching applications due to the large positive Vth and the low gate leakage current density by adjusting the gate insulator thickness.
Appreciation of David Southgate

David Southgate will always be known for his work on the composition of foods and the compilation of food tables, and for his innovation in the field of dietary carbohydrate analysis, especially dietary fibre, in which he was the natural heir to McCance and Widdowson, with whom he worked in his early years.
Antimicrobial and antiradical activities of ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic fungi isolated from Cameroonian medicinal plants

The antimicrobial activity of extracts from endophytic fungi were determined using microdilution method. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was used for antiradical activity and the chemical profile of promising extracts was analyzed using HPLC-DAD, UPLC/MS-QTOF and HPLC/MSn Electrospray Ion Trap. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on yeasts and bacteria ranged from 0.019 to 5 mg/mL. Extract from T. atroviride was most active against yeasts (MIC from 0.019 to 5mg/ml) and P. chermesinum (MIC from 0.625 to 0.019 mg/ml) was against bacteria. The best radical scavenging activity was found with Diaporthe sp extract (%I from 9.929 to 41.134%). The chemical composition of extracts from T. atroviride, P. chermesinum and Diaporthe sp showed the presence of 8, 12 and 10 compounds respectively amongst which Genipinic acid, Citreomantanin, Dermoglaucin, Alternariol-5-methylether, Ascochitine, Aflatoxicol, Ascorbic acid, 4-deoxybostrycin, Bionectriamide B, Nivalenol, and Trisdechloronornidulin were identified. These results indicate that metabolites produced by endophytic fungi found in Cameroonian medicinal plants are potent source of bioactive compounds.
Differential mechanisms of memory CD8 T cell maintenance by individual myeloid cell types

This study tested the hypothesis that individual myeloid subsets have a differential ability to maintain memory CD8 T cells via IL‐15. Although DCs support IL‐15‐mediated homeostasis of memory CD8 T cells in vivo, whether various DC subsets and other myeloid cells similarly mediate homeostasis is unknown. Therefore, we studied the ability of different myeloid cells to maintain memory CD8 T cells in vitro. Using an in vitro cocoulture system that recapitulated known roles of DCs and IL‐15 on memory CD8 T cells, all in vitro‐derived or ex vivo‐isolated DCs maintained CD8 T cells better than rIL‐15 alone, and FLT‐3L‐DCs are the most efficient compared with GM‐DCs, BM‐derived macrophages, or freshly isolated DCs. Although FLT‐3L‐DCs were the least effective at inducing CD8 T cell proliferation, FLT‐3L‐DCs promoted better CD8 T cell survival and increased Bcl‐2 and MCL‐2 expression in CD8 T cells. T cell maintenance correlated only partially with DC expression of IL‐15Rα and IL‐15, suggesting that DCs provided additional support signals. Indeed, in the absence of IL‐15 signals, CD70/CD27 further supported CD8 T cell maintenance. IFN‐α enhanced CD70 expression by DCs, resulting in increased proliferation of CD8 T cells. Overall, this study supports our hypothesis by demonstrating that specific DC subtypes had a greater capacity to support memory CD8 T cell maintenance and did so through different mechanisms. Furthermore, this study shows that IL‐15 trans‐presentation can work in conjunction with other signals, such as CD70/CD27 interactions, to mediate CD8 T cell homeostasis efficiently.
Application of the non-invasive adaptive neuroelectrostimulation device for treatment of cognitive impairment in the model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The results of a comparative study of efficiency of a method of non-invasive adaptive neuro-electrostimulation and the standard method of treatment to restore cognitive deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are presented in this paper. A brief description of the neuroelectrostimulation device - SYMPATHOCOR-01 and method of the dynamic corrections of the activity sympathetic nervous system (DCASNS) are proposed in this paper. The study involved 72 children with ADHD separated into two groups according to the type of treatment: the gold standard of treatment of ADHD in Russia and DCASNS method. As a result of the neuro - electrostimulation procedures in 12 months, there was significant improvement in attention, working memory, executive functions and behavior control in children with ADHD. Patient monitoring was performed using psychometric (ADHD-RS-IV), psychophysiological (TOVA) and electrophysiological (EEG) research methods. Results of a study allowed to formulate basic hypotheses about the clinical effects of DCASNS method. If ADHD is considered as a model of cognitive deficits the results of study can be used to treat cognitive impairments at various diseases in the elderly. Research using neuroimaging techniques is required to confirm the assumptions.
Rotor Temperature Detection in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine-Based Automotive Electric Traction Drives

The detection of the rotor temperature in permanent magnet synchronous machine-based electric traction drives is a challenging problem for the automotive business. The goal of this paper is to provide a simple detection method that can answer to this problem. To this end, first the rotor temperature dynamics is modeled as a first order parameter-varying system. In this way, the resulting model depends only on the rotor mechanical speed and the stator temperature. Second, a polynomial approach for model parameters is employed. Then, an effective solution based on the system inactivity time is used for computing the initial value of the model. It yields a low-computational solution which is suitable for real-time implementation. The experimental results obtained on a prototype hybrid electric vehicle show good accuracy over a wide operating range.
SHG nanoprobes: Advancing harmonic imaging in biology

Second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes have recently emerged as versatile and durable labels suitable for in vivo imaging, circumventing many of the inherent drawbacks encountered with classical fluorescent probes. Since their nanocrystalline structure lacks a central point of symmetry, they are capable of generating second harmonic signal under intense illumination – converting two photons into one photon of half the incident wavelength – and can be detected by conventional two‐photon microscopy. Because the optical signal of SHG nanoprobes is based on scattering, rather than absorption as in the case of fluorescent probes, they neither bleach nor blink, and the signal does not saturate with increasing illumination intensity. When SHG nanoprobes are used to image live tissue, the SHG signal can be detected with little background signal, and they are physiologically inert, showing excellent long‐term photostability. Because of their photophysical properties, SHG nanoprobes provide unique advantages for molecular imaging of living cells and tissues with unmatched sensitivity and temporal resolution.
Binocular estimation of motion and structure from long sequences using optical flow without correspondence

We use the left and right monocular motion and structure parameters of two stereo image sequences (direction of translation, relative depth, observer rotation and rotational acceleration) to compute the absolute depth, absolute translation and absolute translational acceleration for each pair of left and right images. Individual translation parameters computed at each frame are integrated over time using a Kalman filter to provide more accuracy and a "best" estimate of the absolute translation at each time.
De-noising of Differential Pressure Signal of Two-Phase Flow Based on ICA

A new method based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is proposed to de-noise the differential pressure signal of oil-gas two-phase flow. The ICA-based de-noising method is firstly verified by de-noising two simulated signals with high SNR and low SNR respectively, and then the proposed method is applied to the differential pressure signal of oil-gas two-phase flow. The correlation between the original signal and the de-noised signal is selected as a criterion to evaluate the de-noising effect, and kurtosis, a higher-order statistical quantity, provides another evidence. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented method.
Using pattern detection techniques and refactoring to improve the performance of ASMOV

One of the most important challenges in semantic Web is ontology matching. Ontology matching is a technology that enables semantic interoperability between structurally and semantically heterogeneous resources on the Web. Despite serious research efforts on ontology matching, matchers still suffers from severe problems with respect to the quality of matching results. Furthermore, Most of them take a lot of time for finding the correspondences. The aim of this paper is improving ontology matching results by adding the preprocessing phase for analyzing the input ontologies. This phase is added in order to solve problems caused by ontology diversity. We select one of the best matchers of Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) which is Automated Semantic Matching of Ontologies with Verification, called ASMOV. In preprocessing phase, some new patterns of ontologies are detected and then refactoring operations are used for reaching assimilated ontologies. Afterward, we applied ASMOV for testing our approach on both the original ontologies and their refactored counterparts. Experimental results show that these refactored ontologies are more efficient than the original unrepaired ones with respect to the standard evaluation measures i.e. Precision, Recall, and F-Measure.
Emergency-department-initiated palliative care consults: a descriptive analysis.

BACKGROUND To provide optimal palliative care (PC) services in the acute setting of the emergency department (ED), it may be beneficial for the consult team to delineate the most commonly requested ED-PC services and understand why ED clinicians currently request palliative care consults (PCC). METHODS Using a retrospective review of data gathered by the PC team on services and consults we studied patterns of ED-initiated PCC (EDI-PCC) and describe here the use of PC services in an urban tertiary-care-center ED. We then compare these with PC services provided in the traditional in-patient consult setting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS EDI-PCC patients are young, likely secondary to traumatic and critical, sudden events. In-hospital mortality rate for EDI-PCC patients is very high (most die early and in the ED setting), signifying a trend for ED clinicians to request PC consults in those who are imminently dying. PC consult teams called to the ED should expect to provide high-priority, time-sensitive services and anticipate a high level of bereavement/emotional support for distraught and unprepared families, with major discussions around end-of-life care.
A database to support development and evaluation of intelligent intensive care monitoring

Development and evaluation of automated decision support systems requires large amounts of well-characterized, reproducible test data. The MIMIC (Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care) Database is intended to meet these needs. The database, currently nearing completion, will include 100 patient records, each typically containing between 24 and 48 hours of continuous data recorded from patient monitors in the medical, surgical, and cardiac intensive care units of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. Each record will be accompanied by detailed clinical data derived from the patient's medical record and from the hospital's on-line medical information systems. We select patients to record from those likely to be hemodynamically unstable during the planned recording period. We expect to complete the selection of the recordings to be included in the database by the end of 1996, and to make the database available to other researchers shortly thereafter.
A 25 Gbps inductorless receiver front-end in 65-nm CMOS for serial links

This paper presents a 25Gbps inductorless receiver front-end in a standard 65nm CMOS technology. The receiver front-end consists of a variable gain amplifier as the first stage and a variable peaking amplifier as the second stage. The first-stage amplifier uses a regulated cascode (RGC) amplifier to achieve high gain and a split current technique to adjust gain. The second stage amplifier uses dual-loop active feedback to adjust peaking without altering the DC gain. The fabricated circuit achieves differential gain of 20dB and a bandwidth of 23GHz. The circuit occupies an area of 50×56μm2, which is less than one-tenth of that for previously reported receivers and limiting amplifiers exceeding 20Gbps.
Power and Authority Over Systems Developers by the Business Client

This paper reports on research into how systems developers enact an information systems development methodology (ISDM) with a focus on describing how enactment is bound up in everyday social and organisational structures. A case study of an IT department within a major financial institution is used to explore the impact of power and authority structures in the enactment of an in-house developed ISDM.The case study develops an argument that authority structures such as policies and work practices embedded within the ISDM are active forces in the systems development process. The findings depict business exercising nearly complete control over the development process and systems developers as playing a reluctant, but submissive role. The study also develops a theoretical framework that integrates elements of a social actor model to provide a more fine-grained analysis concentrating on the relationships among systems developers, the business client, the ISDM, and the environment surrounding its use.
InGaAs Quantum-Dot Mode-Locked Laser Diodes

This paper presents a selection of recent advances on two-section passively mode-locked InGaAs-based quantum-dot laser diodes. Pulse generation is demonstrated for repetition rates ranging from 310 MHz to 240 GHz, and with pulse durations ranging from the picosecond to the sub-400 fs regime. Mode-locking trends in these devices are discussed, and device performance improvements in terms of pulse duration, output power, and noise properties are presented. Design rules for reducing the pulse duration, increasing the output power, and improving noise performance are outlined. Implementation of tapered waveguide structures yields significant performance improvements, allowing the simultaneous achievement of ultrashort, Fourier-limited pulse generation with low amplitude noise, low timing jitter, and narrow RF linewidths.
Neurocircuit function in eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE Eating disorders are serious psychosomatic disorders with high morbidity and lifetime mortality. Inadequate response to current therapeutic interventions constitutes a challenging clinical problem. A better understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms could improve psychotherapeutic and drug treatment strategies. METHOD A review highlighting the current state of brain imaging in eating disorders related to the anxiety and pathological fear learning model of anorexia nervosa (AN) and the impulsivity model of binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN). RESULTS Available neuroimaging studies in patients with acute AN primarily suggest a hyper-responsive emotional and fear network to food, but not necessarily to eating disorder-unrelated, salient stimuli. Furthermore, patients with AN show decreased activation in the ventral fronto-striatal circuits during the performance of a cognitive flexibility task. Results in patients with BN primarily suggest a hypo-responsive reward system to food stimuli, especially to taste reward. Additionally, patients with BN exhibit impaired brain activation in the inhibitory control network during the performance of general response-inhibition tasks. DISCUSSION Anxiety and pathological fear learning may lead to conditioned neural stimulus-response patterns to food stimuli and increased cognitive rigidity, which could account for the phobic avoidance of food intake in patients with acute AN. However, further neurobiological studies are required to investigate pathological fear learning in patients with AN. Patients with BN may binge eat to compensate for a hypo-responsive reward system. The impaired brain activation in the inhibitory control network may facilitate the loss of control over food intake in patients with BN.
Optimal re-configuration of micro-grids based on ranking of buses

Owing to urbanization and industrialization, there has been a steep increase in the electric power demand on contrary to the limited power generation facilities. This paper has attempted re-configuration of non-autonomous and autonomous micro-grids based on ranking of buses, formed with 60% and 100% penetration of the distributed generation respectively. Reconfiguration has been suggested in this work as a measure to improve the voltage profile of the system and to reduce the real power distribution losses. MATLAB code has been developed for ranking of buses based on loading capability and for optimal sizing of the DGs using Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques. The standard 33 bus distribution system has been used to validate the proposed reconfiguration algorithm.