Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recollections about the development of Pascal

Pascal was defined in 1970 and, after a slow start, became one of the most widely used languages in introductory programming courses. This article first summarises the events leading to Pascal's design and implementation, and then proceeds with a discussion of some of the language's merits and deficiencies. In the last part, developments that followed its release are recounted. Its influence chiefly derived from its being a vehicle for structured programming and a basis for further development of languages and for experiments in program verification.
Lyrics Word Clouds

Plenty of songs are composed, written, and releasedevery year being recorded in a variety of databases. Thosedo not only store the audio, but also additional data like theartists' names, the years of release, the lengths of the songs, or number of visits, comments, and remarks of visitors andthe like. However, another important data is the lyrics, i.e., thetextual content which can give insights about the topic, genre, or intention of the musicians. Getting an overview about thetextual content of a song, i.e., the lyrics can become a tediouschallenge since listening to the songs or reading the texts is a timeconsuming task. To support users of song databases we propose a visualization tool that is able to generate word clouds from lyrics. Interaction techniques are incorporated in the tool to give more detailed information about the occurrence of words in a song that finally help to find insights about the genre or to just compare the content very rapidly, for example. Our visualization tool is implemented as a web-based interface, that stores requests, updates the local tool database based on those requests, and finally, provides an interactive visualization for the user.
Retrieval Models for Genre Classification

Genre provides a characterization of a document with respect to its form or functional trait. Genre is orthogonal to topic, rendering genre information a powerful filter technology for information seekers in digital li- braries. However, an efficient means for genre classification is an open and controversially discussed issue. This paper gives an overview and presents new results related to automatic genre classification of text documents. We present a comprehensive survey which contrasts the genre retrieval models that have been developed for Web and non-Web corpora. With the concept of genre-specific core vocabularies the paper provides an original contribu - tion related to computational aspects and classification performance of genre retrieval models: we show how such vocabularies are acquired automatical- ly and introduce new concentration measures that quantify the vocabulary distribution in a sensible way. Based on these findings we construct light- weight genre retrieval models and evaluate their discriminative power and computational efficiency. The presented concepts go beyond the existing utilization of vocabulary-centered, genre-revealing features and open new possibilities for the construction of genre classifiers that operate in real-time.
The rediscovery of the role of the laity in the mission of the Church - with reference to the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA)

The role of the laity is at the cutting edge of Christian missions today. The author conducted a number of interviews and questionnaires to determine the status of the laity across denominations of the Christian faith in South Africa. His findings are in a number of instances startling: The picture of the laity, and what lay Christians in South Africa believe, run against general expectations. Some suggestions and proposals on how to empower the laity in general, and the churches of the Baptist Union in Southern Africa (BUSA) in particular, are made. The underlining motive for the research is to encourage the BUSA churches to become truly missional churches that make a difference in the world in which we live.
HIV-specific T Cell Cytotoxicity Mediated by RANTES Via the Chemokine Receptor CCR3

CC chemokines produced by CD8+ T cells are known to act as HIV-suppressive factors. We studied the possible role of these chemokines in HIV-1–specific killing of target cells. We found that the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in CTL lines or freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1–infected individuals is markedly enhanced by RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and virtually abolished by an antibody neutralizing RANTES or the RANTES receptor antagonist RANTES(9-68). Lysis was mediated by CD8+ major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted T cells and was obtained with target cells expressing epitopes of the HIV-1LAI proteins Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef. The cytolytic activity observed in the presence or absence of added RANTES could be abolished by pretreatment of the CTLs with pertussis toxin, indicating that the effect is mediated by a G protein–coupled receptor. The chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-3, MCP-4, and eotaxin acted like RANTES, whereas macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and stromal cell–derived factor 1 were inactive, suggesting a role for the eotaxin receptor, CCR3, and ruling out the involvement of CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4. CTL activity was abrogated by an antibody that blocks CCR3, further indicating that specific lysis is triggered via this chemokine receptor. These observations reveal a novel mechanism for the induction of HIV-1–specific cytotoxicity that depends on RANTES acting via CCR3.
Detection of genre-specific musical instruments: The case of the mellotron

When facing the problem of organizing, categorizing, browsing and retrieving data from large music collections, musical instruments play a predominant role, as they define the timbral qualities in any piece of music. Recent technological developments in digital audio have made possible to automatize these tasks. Specific instruments can also be directly related to concrete musical genres, which increases the possible applications of such systems. This document addresses the problem of detection of musical instruments in polyphonic audio, exemplifying this specific task by analyzing the mellotron, a vintage sampler used in popular music. The mellotron presents interesting technical and perceptual qualities, which make it ideal for the study of timbre descriptors in the context of automatic classification in polyphonic audio. For accomplishing this task a novel methodology is presented, based on the idea that it is possible to train classifiers with audio descriptors (temporally integrated from the raw feature values extracted from polyphonic audio data) using extensive datasets. A series of experiments were designed in order to gather information about the specific descriptors that could help accomplish the detection and classification tasks, by employing custombuilt datasets classified according to instrumentation features. Several machine learning techniques are tested and evaluated according to the effectiveness of the system, that is, performance based on the accomplishment of the objectives by selecting different measures. The results obtained were relevant for the tasks proposed, with values far above chance in most cases, which indicates some statistical significance for assuring that the models tested are indeed recognizing the presence of the mellotron in a polyphonic context. The evidence shows that the methodology used proves to be effective for solving the task.
Characterization of differential pore‐forming activities of ESAT‐6 proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT‐6 (MtbESAT‐6) plays essential roles in pathogenesis. MtbESAT‐6 exhibits a unique pore‐forming activity (PFA) that is not found in its ortholog from non‐pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsESAT‐6). Here, we characterized the differential PFAs and found that exchange of I25‐H26/T25‐A26 between two proteins reciprocally affected their PFAs. MtbESAT‐6(IH/TA) had ~ 40% reduction, while MsESAT‐6(TA/IH) fully acquired its activity similar to MtbESAT‐6. Mutations of A17E, K38T, N67L or R74Q on MtbESAT‐6(IH/TA) further reduced the activity, with MtbESAT‐6(IH/TA‐17) being the lowest. This study suggests I25‐H26 as the pH‐sensor essential for MsESAT‐6 to fully acquire the activity, while multiple residues contributed to MtbESAT‐6 PFA.
Partial Laryngectomy for Transglottic Cancers

A reconstructive procedure was utilized after three-quarter laryngectomy in five patients with transglottic cancers. The physiologic reconstruction was successful in four of the five, and tumor control was 100% in all of the patients. It is concluded that with proper selection patients with transglottic cancers may survive after partial laryngeal surgery.
Locus of dimension weighting: Preattentive or postselective?

In visual search for singleton feature targets, detection RTs are faster when the target-defining dimension is constant across trials rather than variable; in the latter case, RTs are faster when the target dimension on a trial is the same, rather than different, relative to preceding trial (with little effect of a feature change within a repeated dimension); and RTs are expedited when the target dimension is validly indicated by a symbolic precue on a given trial (e.g., Found & Müller, 1996; Müller, Heller, & Ziegler, 1995; Müller, Reimann, & Krummenacher, 2003). Müller and his colleagues have explained these effects in terms of a “dimension-weighting” account, according to which these effects arise at a preattentive, perceptual stage of saliency coding. In contrast, Cohen (e.g., Cohen & Magen, 1999) and Theeuwes (e.g., Theeuwes et al., 2006 this issue) have recently argued that these effects are postselective, response-related in nature. The present paper examines these challenges and puts forward counterarguments in support of the view that dimensional weighting operates at a preattentive stage of processing.
Mice Deficient in Complement Receptors 1 and 2 Lack a Tissue Injury-Inducing Subset of the Natural Antibody Repertoire1

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is initiated when natural Abs recognize neoantigens that are revealed on ischemic cells. Cr2−/− mice, deficient in complement receptors (CR)1 and CR2, demonstrate defects in T-dependent B-2 B cell responses to foreign Ags and have also been suggested to manifest abnormalities of the B-1 subset of B lymphocytes. To determine whether these CRs might play a role in the generation of the natural Abs that initiate intestinal IR injury, we performed experiments in Cr2−/− and control Cr2+/+ mice. We found that Cr2−/− mice did not demonstrate severe intestinal injury that was readily observed in control Cr2+/+ mice following IR, despite having identical serum levels of IgM and IgG. Pretreatment of Cr2−/− mice before the ischemic phase with IgM and IgG purified from the serum of wild-type C57BL/6 mice reconstituted all key features of IR injury, demonstrating that the defect involves the failure to develop this subset of natural Abs. Pretreatment with IgM and IgG individually demonstrates that each contributes to unique features of IR injury. In sum, CR2/CR1 play an unanticipated but critical role in the development of a subset of the natural Ab repertoire that has particular importance in the pathogenesis of IR injury.
Trace Determination of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Application in Artificially Polluted Soil—Carrots System

Surfactants are widely used in household and industrial products. The risk of incorporation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from biosolids, wastewater, and fertilizers land application to the food chain is being assessed at present by the European Union. In the present work, a complete analytical method for LAS trace determination has been developed and successfully applied to LAS (C10–C13) uptake in carrot plants used as model. These carrots were grown in soil with the trace organics compounds added directly into the plant containers in pure substances form. LAS trace determination (μg kg−1 dry matter) in carrots samples was achieved by Soxtec apparatus and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. The methodology developed provides LAS determination at low detection limits (5 μg kg−1 dry matter) for carrot sample (2 g dry matter) with good recoveries rate (>90%). Transfer of LAS has been followed into the various parts of the carrot plant. LAS are generally found in the carrot leaves and percentage transfer remains very low (0.02%).
Hybrid mechanosensing system to generate the polarity needed for migration in fish keratocytes

ABSTRACT Crawling cells can generate polarity for migration in response to forces applied from the substratum. Such reaction varies according to cell type: there are both fast- and slow-crawling cells. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, the intracellular stress fibers in slow-crawling cells, such as fibroblasts, rearrange themselves perpendicular to the direction of stretching, with the result that the shape of the cells extends in that direction; whereas fast-crawling cells, such as neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells, which have no stress fibers, migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction. Fish epidermal keratocytes are another type of fast-crawling cell. However, they have stress fibers in the cell body, which gives them a typical slow-crawling cell structure. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, intact keratocytes rearrange their stress fibers perpendicular to the direction of stretching in the same way as fibroblasts and migrate parallel to the stretching direction, while blebbistatin-treated stress fiber-less keratocytes migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction, in the same way as seen in HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells. Our results indicate that keratocytes have a hybrid mechanosensing system that comprises elements of both fast- and slow-crawling cells, to generate the polarity needed for migration.
Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of End-Diastole and End-Systole Frames in Free-Breathing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has short examination time with high reproducibility. Detection of the end-diastole and the end-systole frames of the free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance, supplemented by visual identification, is time consuming and laborious. We propose a novel method for automatic identification of both the end-diastole and the end-systole frames, in the free-breathing CMR imaging. The proposed technique utilizes the convolutional neural network to locate the left ventricle and to obtain the end-diastole and the end-systole frames from the respiratory motion signal. The proposed procedure works successfully on our free-breathing CMR data, and the results demonstrate a high degree of accuracy and stability. Convolutional neural network improves the postprocessing efficiency greatly and facilitates the clinical application of the free-breathing CMR imaging.
A synthesis method to propagate false path information from RTL to gate level

This paper proposes a new synthesis method for propagating information of paths from register transfer level (RTL) to gate level. The method enables false path identification at RTL without not only enforcing strong constraints on logic synthesis but also loss of the information about false paths identified. Experiments show that the proposed method can reduce hardware and timing overhead and improve propagability of false path information through logic synthesis compared with the previous methods.
Applying big data and linked data concepts in supply chains management

One of the contemporary problems, and at the same time a big opportunity, in business networks of supply chains are the issues associated with the vast amounts of data arising there. The data may be utilized by the decision support systems in logistics; nevertheless, often there is an information integration problem. The problems with information interchange are related to issues with exchange between independently designed data systems. The networked supply chains will need appropriate IT architectures to support the cooperating business units utilizing structured and unstructured big data and the mechanisms to integrate data in heterogeneous supply chains. In this paper we analyze the capabilities of the big data technology architectures with cloud computing under usage of Linked Data in business process management in supply chains to cope with unstructured near-time data and data silos problems. We present our approach on a 4PL (Fourth-party Logistics) integrator business process example.
Three-dimensional superprism effect in photonic-crystal slabs

This paper presents a numerical study of the superprism effect in photonic-crystal (PC) slabs. A fully vectorial three-dimensional time-domain code allows to simulate, with virtually no approximations, the role of the sample finiteness in the dispersive response of the frequency-banded structure. Out-of-plane coupling and transmission of the device are investigated.
Activation of pleiotropic drug resistance by the J‐protein and Hsp70‐related proteins, Zuo1 and Ssz1

Ssz1 (Pdr13) and Zuo1, members of the Hsp70 and J‐protein molecular chaperone families, respectively, form a heterodimer and function on the ribosome with the Hsp70, Ssb, presumably assisting folding of newly synthesized polypeptides. As it has also been reported that Ssz1 induces pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) when overexpressed, a possible role for Zuo1 in PDR was investigated. The C‐terminal domain of Zuo1, which is dispensable for Zuo1's chaperone function on the ribosome, is both necessary and sufficient for PDR induction by Zuo1. A single domain of Ssz1, the N‐terminal ATPase domain, is sufficient for PDR induction as well, indicating that Ssz1 does not function as a chaperone in PDR. No role for Ssb was found in PDR; overexpression did not affect PDR, nor was its presence required for Ssz1's or Zuo1's effect on PDR. As our results also indicate that Ssz1 and Zuo1 must be free of ribosomes to induce PDR, we propose that Ssz1's and Zuo1's function in PDR is distinct from their role as ribosome‐associated co‐chaperones and may be regulatory in nature.
The Catholic “Consistent Life Ethic” and Attitudes toward Capital Punishment and Welfare Reform

American Catholic Bishops have advocated a combination of issue positions that is unique within American political culture. The "consistent life ethic" combines opposition to abortion with liberal stances on other issues conceptualized as life-affirming. Based on evidence that very few people hold this combination of attitudes, previous researchers have concluded that the Bishops' advocacy has had little or no success (Kenski and Lockwood 1988; Cleghom 1986; Jelen 1990). We argue, however , that success of consistent life advocacy is best evaluated in terms of the strength of association between attitudes toward abortion and other issues. Furthermore, most previous research has failed to analyze Catholics separately from other Americans, even though lay Catholics are the advocacy's central target. Using data from the 1996 National Election Studies, we analyze the relationship between attitudes on abortion and two other issues: capital punishment and welfare reform. We find that abortion opposition strongly predicts capital punishment opposition among Catholics, but also among Mainline Protestants. Among Catholics, this relationship is strongest for frequent Mass attendees. Abortion opposition among frequently-attending Catholics also predicts opposition to the welfare "child cap. " Contrary to most other scholars, but in accord with Kelly and Kudlac (2000), we conclude it is likely that consistent life advocacy has affected attitudes of some Catholics.
An Efficient Sparse Representation Algorithm for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

This paper presents an efficient sparse representation approach to direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using uniform linear arrays. The proposed approach constructs the jointly sparse model in real domain by exploiting the properties of centro-Hermitian matrices. Subsequently, DOA estimation is realized via the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm. Further, the pruning threshold of SBL is adaptively selected to speed up the basis pruning rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves an improved performance and enjoys computational efficiency as compared to the state-of-the-art l1-norm-based DOA estimators especially in scenarios with small sample size and low signal-to-noise ratio.
Effects of Long-term Nocturnal Oxygen Treatment in Patients With Severe Heart Failure

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and leads to disturbed sleep. The objective of this study was to determine the persistent effects of long-term nocturnal oxygen treatment in patients with severe HF regarding (1) objective outcomes, such as sleep, SDB, cardiac function, and functional capacity; (2) subjective outcomes, such as self-assessed sleep difficulties, daytime sleepiness, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL); and (3) the relationship between objective and subjective outcomes. In this open nonrandomized experimental study, 22 patients, median age 71 years, with severe HF were studied before and after 3 months of receiving nocturnal oxygen. The measures used were overnight polysomnography, echocardiography, 6-minute walk test, self-assessed sleep difficulties (Uppsala Sleep Inventory-HF), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and HRQOL (36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire). SDB, with a 90% dominance of central sleep apnea, occurred in 41% of the patients with severe HF before intervention. After intervention, functional capacity improved for both the whole group of patients with HF (P < .01) and HF patients with SDB (P < .05). No improvements regarding cardiac function, objective sleep, subjective sleep, or SDB were seen, except for a decrease of ≥4% desaturations (P < .05). HRQOL did not differ significantly between HF patients with and without SDB before or after intervention with nocturnal oxygen. Long-term nocturnal oxygen treatment improved functional capacity in patients with severe HF, with or without SDB. No improvements were seen regarding sleep, daytime sleepiness, SDB, cardiac function, or HRQOL.
CSIRO Data61 at the WNUT Geo Shared Task

In this paper, we describe CSIRO Data61’s participation in the Geolocation shared task at the Workshop for Noisy User-generated Text. Our approach was to use ensemble methods to capitalise on four component methods: heuristics based on metadata, a label propagation method, timezone text classifiers, and an information retrieval approach. The ensembles we explored focused on examining the role of language technologies in geolocation prediction and also in examining the use of hard voting and cascading ensemble methods. Based on the accuracy of city-level predictions, our systems were the best performing submissions at this year’s shared task. Furthermore, when estimating the latitude and longitude of a user, our median error distance was accurate to within 30 kilometers.