Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TableSeer: automatic table metadata extraction and searching in digital libraries

Tables are ubiquitous in digital libraries. In scientific documents, tables are widely used to present experimental results or statistical data in a condensed fashion. However, current search engines do not support table search. The difficulty of automatic extracting tables from un-tagged documents, the lack of a universal table metadata specification, and the limitation of the existing ranking schemes make table search problem challenging. In this paper, we describe TableSeer, a search engine for tables. TableSeer crawls digital libraries, detects tables from documents, extracts tables metadata, indexes and ranks tables, and provides a user-friendly search interface. We propose an extensive set of medium-independent metadata for tables that scientists and other users can adopt for representing table information. In addition, we devise a novel page box-cutting method to improve the performance of the table detection. Given a query, TableSeer ranks the matched tables using an innovative ranking algorithm - TableRank. TableRank rates each ⃭query, tableℂ pair with a tailored vector space model and a specific term weighting scheme. Overall, TableSeer eliminates the burden of manually extract table data from digital libraries and enables users to automatically examine tables. We demonstrate the value of TableSeer with empirical studies on scientific documents.
Ionic liquids: not always innocent solvents for cellulose

The decomposition pathways of a series of carbohydrates dissolved in carboxylate ionic liquids have been investigated in detail using a broad range of thermal and chromatographic techniques. Mixtures of the carboxylate ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate with carbohydrates were found to undergo reaction of the C2 carbon of the imidazolium ring with the aldehyde functionality on the open chain sugar, yielding an imidazolium adduct with a hydroxylated alkyl chain. Subsequently, degradation of the hydroxyalkyl chain occurs by sequential loss of formaldehyde units, to yield a terminal adduct species, 1-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Identities of the final and intermediate adduct species, and the reaction mechanisms connecting adducts, were elucidated by NMR, HPLC and LCMS techniques. Factors affecting the rate and quantity of adduct formation were explored. Changing the ionic liquid cation and anion, the acid number, sugar concentration and temperature influenced the rate of formation and relative quantities of the adduct species. Formation of adducts could not be entirely prevented when employing carboxylate ionic liquids. By contrast, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was identified as an ionic liquid capable of dissolving a significant quantity of cellulose, yet without reacting with carbohydrates.
Analysis of polarimetric features from CTLR compact polarimetric SAR data for discriminating oil slick damping status

Polarimetric features retrieved from CTLR (circularly transmit and linearly receive) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data was analysed in details. A new parameter, namely, Damping Status Sensitivity Index (DSSI) was proposed for quantitatively evaluating the PolSAR characteristics' capability of discriminating different damping patterns of oil slicks and clean seawater. The L-band Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR) data was utilized in the experiments. It was shown that polarimetric characteristics retrieved from CTLR compact polarimetric SAR data were nearly as same as those derived from fully polarimetric SAR data and can be applied for discriminating different damping status of oil spill and look-likes.
Latex interpenetrating polymer networks based on acrylic polymers. III: Synthesis variations

Two latex interpenetrating polymer networks, one from a supposedly compatible pair and the other from an incompatible pair of polymers, were prepared by two-stage emulsion polymerization. The synthesis conditions in each case were varied by altering the ratio of the glassy polymer to the rubbery polymer and also by reversing the order of synthesis. Fabricated samples of these latex interpenetrating polymer networks were subjected to hardness, stress-strain, and dynamic mechanical measurements. Hardness and stress-strain measurements showed that, although the second formed polymer dominated the final mechanical properties, the compatibilities of the polymer pairs played an important role. Dynamic mechanical analysis for the inverse systems showed evidence of enhanced mixing.
Theoretical Analyses on Ensemble and Multiple Kernel Regressors

For the last few decades, learning based on multiple kernels, such as the ensemble kernel regressor and the multiple kernel regressor, has attracted much attention in the eld of machine learning. Although its ecacy was revealed numerically in many works, its theoretical ground is not investigated suciently. In this paper, we discuss regression problems with a class of kernels whose corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces have a common subspace with an invariant metric and show that the ensemble kernel regressor (the mean of kernel regressors with those kernels) gives a better learning result than the multiple kernel regressor (the kernel regressor with the sum of those kernels) in terms of the generalization ability of a model space.
Morphological and Physiological Changes in Mature In Vitro Neuronal Networks towards Exposure to Short-, Middle- or Long-Term Simulated Microgravity

One of the objectives of the current international space programmes is to investigate the possible effects of the space environment on the crew health. The aim of this work was to assess the particular effects of simulated microgravity on mature primary neuronal networks and specially their plasticity and connectivity. For this purpose, primary mouse neurons were first grown for 10 days as a dense network before being placed in the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), simulating microgravity. These cultures were then used to investigate the impact of short- (1 h), middle- (24 h) and long-term (10 days) exposure to microgravity at the level of neurite network density, cell morphology and motility as well as cytoskeleton properties in established two-dimensional mature neuronal networks. Image processing analysis of dense neuronal networks exposed to simulated microgravity and their subsequent recovery under ground conditions revealed different neuronal responses depending on the duration period of exposure. After short- and middle-term exposures to simulated microgravity, changes in neurite network, neuron morphology and viability were observed with significant alterations followed by fast recovery processes. Long exposure to simulated microgravity revealed a high adaptation of single neurons to the new gravity conditions as well as a partial adaptation of neuronal networks. This latter was concomitant to an increase of apoptosis. However, neurons and neuronal networks exposed for long-term to simulated microgravity required longer recovery time to re-adapt to the ground gravity. In conclusion, a clear modulation in neuronal plasticity was evidenced through morphological and physiological changes in primary neuronal cultures during and after simulated microgravity exposure. These changes were dependent on the duration of exposure to microgravity.
B-type natriuretic peptide levels and cardiovascular risk in patients with diastolic dysfunction on chronic haemodialysis: cross-sectional and observational studies.

BACKGROUND Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are predictive of cardiovascular events in patients on chronic maintenance haemodialysis, even in those without apparent cardiovascular disorders when they start dialysis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction increases BNP levels and can predict cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis without apparent cardiac disease. METHODS Patients on chronic maintenance haemodialysis in a stable condition and with normal systolic function were enrolled (n=98). BNP concentrations were measured, and left ventricular diastolic function was assessed using echocardiography after the first dialysis session of the week. Then, they were followed up for 2 years with the end point being the incidence of cardiovascular events. RESULTS At baseline, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was detected in 39 of 98 patients. After adjustment for known risk factors, multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that diastolic dysfunction was a significant predictor of increased BNP levels (P<0.05). During the follow-up period, 17 patients experienced cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the incidence of cardiovascular events was higher in patients with (28.2%) than without (10.2%) left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (log-rank, P<0.01). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that diastolic dysfunction and BNP were significant predictors of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 3.63 and 4.87, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased BNP levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients on haemodialysis.
Hybrid Stress Finite Element Methods for Plate and Shell Structures

This paper is a survey of the use of assumed stress hybrid finite element methods for analyzing plate and shell structures. It describes the construction of Kirchhoff plate element by complementary energy principle, and of Reissner-Mindlin plate element by Hellinger-Reissner principle. Special hybrid stress elements are used to model joining of elements which are not coplanar. Such elements include the so-called semiLoof plate elements and 3D-solid elements tailored for analyzing thin plates and shells.
AGO1 and AGO2 Act Redundantly in miR408-Mediated Plantacyanin Regulation

Background In Arabidopsis, AGO1 and AGO2 associate with small RNAs that exhibit a Uridine and an Adenosine at their 5′ end, respectively. Because most plant miRNAs have a 5′U, AGO1 plays many essential roles in miRNA-mediated regulation of development and stress responses. In contrast, AGO2 has only been implicated in antibacterial defense in association with miR393*, which has a 5′A. AGO2 also participates in antiviral defense in association with viral siRNAs. Principal Findings This study reveals that miR408, which has a 5′A, regulates its target Plantacyanin through either AGO1 or AGO2. Indeed, neither ago1 nor ago2 single mutations abolish miR408-mediated regulation of Plantacyanin. Only an ago1 ago2 double mutant appears compromised in miR408-mediated regulation of Plantacyanin, suggesting that AGO1 and AGO2 have redundant roles in this regulation. Moreover, the nature of the 5′ nucleotide of miR408 does not appear essential for its regulatory role because both a wildtype 5′A-MIR408 and a mutant 5′U-MIR408 gene complement a mir408 mutant. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that miR408 associates with both AGO1 and AGO2 based on criteria that differ from the 5′ end rule, reminiscent of miR390-AGO7 and miR165/166-AGO10 associations, which are not based on the nature of the 5′ nucleotide.
Gamma-tubulin can both nucleate microtubule assembly and self-assemble into novel tubular structures in mammalian cells

alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulins are evolutionarily highly conserved members of the tubulin gene superfamily. While the abundant members, alpha- and beta-tubulins, constitute the building blocks of cellular microtubule polymers, gamma-tubulin is a low abundance protein which localized to the pericentriolar material and may play a role in microtubule assembly. To test whether gamma-tubulin mediates the nucleation of microtubule assembly in vivo, and co-assembles with alpha- and beta-tubulins into microtubules or self-assembles into macro- molecular structures, we experimentally elevated the expression of gamma-tubulin in the cell cytoplasm. In most cells, overexpression of gamma-tubulin causes a dramatic reorganization of the cellular microtubule network. Furthermore, we show that when overexpressed, gamma-tubulin causes ectopic nucleation of microtubules which are not associated with the centrosome. In a fraction of cells, gamma-tubulin self-assembles into novel tubular structures with a diameter of approximately 50 nm (named gamma-tubules). Furthermore, unlike microtubules, gamma-tubules are resistant to cold or drug induced depolymerization. These data provide evidence that gamma-tubulin can cause nucleation of microtubule assembly and can self-assemble into novel tubular structures.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Point-set Embedding in Three Dimensions

Given a graph G with n vertices and m edges, and a set P of n points on a three-dimensional integer grid, the 3D Point-Set Embeddability problem is to determine a (three-dimensional) crossing-free drawing of G with ver-tices located at P and with edges drawn as poly-lines with bend-points at integer grid points. We solve a variant of the problem in which the points of P lie on a plane. The resulting drawing lies in a bounding box of reasonable volume and uses at most O(log m) bends per edge. If a particular point-set P is not specified, we show that the graph G can be drawn crossing-free with at most O(log m) bends per edge in a volume bounded by O((n + m) log m). Our construction is asymptotically similar to previously known drawings, however avoids a possibly non-polynomial preprocessing step.
1 2 A ug 2 00 4 An Algorithm for Computing Screened Coulomb Scattering in G EANT 4 1

An algorithm has been developed for the G EANT4 Monte-Carlo package for the efficient computation of screened Coulomb interatomic scattering. I t explicitly integrates the classical equations of motion for scattering events, resulting in precise tracking of both the projectile and the recoil target nucleus. The algorithm permit s the user to plug in an arbitrary screening function, such as Lens-Jensen screening, which i s good for backscattering calculations, or Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark screening, which i s good for nuclear straggling and implantation problems. This will allow many of the applicat ions of the TRIM and SRIM codes to be extended into the much more general G EANT4 framework where nuclear and other effects can be included.
“See Something, Say Something” Crowdsourced Enforcement of Spectrum Policies

As sharing agreements are being ratified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for various spectrum bands for commercial broadband use, it also opens up an equally challenging problem of enforcing these policies. The efficacy of an enforcement system greatly depends on the accuracy of evidential information and the speed of adjudication. The inherent unguided and unbounded nature of radio wave propagation allows spectrum infractions to cause widespread damage and makes it hard to locate at the same time. On the other hand, it also lends itself to distributed methods for efficient enforcement of spectrum etiquette. We leverage a crowd of mobile users to implement a paradigm of “eye-witness” for detecting violations of spectrum policies. We design and analyze the crowdsourced enforcement architecture and show three main results: 1) it detects an infraction with a consistent high degree of accuracy (> 90%); 2) it is able to accurately locate the source of infraction and 3) it lowers the frequency of policy infractions over time.
The relation between cognitive and metacognitive strategic processing during a science simulation

BACKGROUND This investigation was designed to uncover the relations between students' cognitive and metacognitive strategies used during a complex climate simulation. While cognitive strategy use during science inquiry has been studied, the factors related to this strategy use, such as concurrent metacognition, prior knowledge, and prior interest, have not been investigated in a multidimensional fashion. AIMS This study addressed current issues in strategy research by examining not only how metacognitive, surface-level, and deep-level strategies influence performance, but also how these strategies related to each other during a contextually relevant science simulation. SAMPLE The sample for this study consisted of 70 undergraduates from a mid-sized Southeastern university in the United States. These participants were recruited from both physical and life science (e.g., biology) and education majors to obtain a sample with variance in terms of their prior knowledge, interest, and strategy use. METHODS Participants completed measures of prior knowledge and interest about global climate change. Then, they were asked to engage in an online climate simulator for up to 30 min while thinking aloud. Finally, participants were asked to answer three outcome questions about global climate change. RESULTS Results indicated a poor fit for the statistical model of the frequency and level of processing predicting performance. However, a statistical model that independently examined the influence of metacognitive monitoring and control of cognitive strategies showed a very strong relation between the metacognitive and cognitive strategies. Finally, smallest space analysis results provided evidence that strategy use may be better captured in a multidimensional fashion, particularly with attention paid towards the combination of strategies employed. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions drawn from the evidence point to the need for more dynamic, multidimensional models of strategic processing that account for the patterns of optimal and non-optimal strategy use. Additionally, analyses that can capture these complex patterns need to be further explored.
Haptic Mouse Magnetic Field Based Near Surface Haptic and Pointing Interface

—In this paper, we are presenting a new type of pointing interface for computers which provides mouse functionalities with near surface haptic feedback. Further, it can be configured as a haptic display where users may feel the basic geometrical shapes in the GUI by moving the finger on top of the device surface. By mapping the motion and identifying the polarity of a neodymium magnet which attached to the finger tip, mouse pointer motion and control functions were achieved. Haptic feedback for user interactions was implemented by generating different like polarity haptic feedbacks using an electromagnet array which placed underneath of the device surface. This interface brings the haptic sensations above the device surface where previously it is felt only on top of the buttons of the haptic mouse implementations.
Virus‐like particle formation of Drosophila copia through autocatalytic processing.

Northern blot and nucleotide sequence analyses of copia RNA from a transfectant made by introducing a genomic copia into copia‐free cells showed that the 2 kb RNA, one of the major transcripts of copia, is generated through splicing. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we have also found that the position of the splice sites used in Drosophila larvae and cultured cells originally containing copia is the same as that used in the transfectant. To investigate the function of the 2 kb RNA, we constructed mutant copias which harboured a single point mutation at the splice site or approximately 3 kb deletion of the internal region corresponding to the spliced out sequence. Analyses of transfectants made by introducing these mutant copias into copia‐free cells demonstrated that the spliced 2 kb RNA contains sufficient information to make copia virus‐like particles (VLPs). Furthermore, when copia RNA corresponding to the spliced RNA was translated in vitro, the major VLP protein was found to be released autocatalytically from its own precursor. A single amino acid substitution at the putative protease active site in the precursor prevented the processing, and resulted in accumulation of the mutant precursor in vitro. From these results, we conclude that copia VLPs are produced through autocatalytic processing of the precursor polyprotein encoded by the spliced copia RNA.
Analysis of Dislocations Nucleated after Nano Indentation Tests at Room Temperature in 4H-SiC

4H-SiC intrinsic homoepitaxied single crystals have been nano indented at room temperature using a spherical indentor and the related deformation microstructures have been analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Dislocations are lying in the basal plane but have been found to be perfect, in contrast with observations made at higher temperature. Although such a change in deformation mechanism has been observed in other semiconductors such as Silicon and Indium Antimonide, it was unexpected in a very low stacking fault material such as SiC.
Secure Fast Handover Scheme of Proxy Mobile IPv6

As wireless technologies have grown, many people want to use wireless networks during movements. Accordingly, Mobile IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force to support the mobility service. However, Mobile IPv6 cannot satisfy requirements of real-time applications such as video streaming service and VoIP service due to its high handover latency. To address this problem, Proxy Mobile IPv6 has been introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Then, optimization issues including Fast Handover are under the proposal phase. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for re-authentication during the Mobile Node moves from its attachment point to a new attachment point. The proposed mechanism uses the EAP Re-authentication Protocol. We discuss the enhancement of the performance as well as the effect of the environmental parameters
Head injury mechanisms in FIS World Cup alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders

Introduction Head injuries represent a concern in skiing and snowboarding, with traumatic brain injuries being the most common cause of death. Aim To describe the mechanisms of head and face injuries among World Cup alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders. Methods We performed a qualitative analysis of videos obtained of head and face injuries reported through the International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System during 10 World Cup seasons (2006–2016). We analysed 57 head impact injury videos (alpine n=29, snowboard n=13, freestyle n=15), first independently and subsequently in a consensus meeting. Results During the crash sequence, most athletes (84%) impacted the snow with the skis or board first, followed by the upper or lower extremities, buttocks/pelvis, back and, finally, the head. Alpine skiers had sideways (45%) and backwards pitching falls (35%), with impacts to the rear (38%) and side (35%) of the helmet. Freestyle skiers and snowboarders had backwards pitching falls (snowboard 77%, freestyle 53%), mainly with impacts to the rear of the helmet (snowboard 69%, freestyle 40%). There were three helmet ejections among alpine skiers (10% of cases), and 41% of alpine skiing injuries occurred due to inappropriate gate contact prior to falling. Athletes had one (47%) or two (28%) head impacts, and the first impact was the most severe (71%). Head impacts were mainly on snow (83%) on a downward slope (63%). Conclusion This study has identified several characteristics of the mechanisms of head injuries, which may be addressed to reduce risk.