Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of School Principals’ Listening Skills According To Teacher Feedback

Arastirmada; ogretmenlerin geri bildirimlerine gore, okul mudurlerinin dinleme becerileri ogretmenlerinsahip olduklari bazi degiskenler bakimindan incelenmistir. Arastirma genel tarama modelindedir. Arastirmanin evrenini,2007–2008 ogretim yilinda Konya, Turkiye’de gorev yapan 23287 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin orneklemi ise,evrenden tesadufi ornekleme yontemi ile secilen 477 ilkogretim, genel ve mesleki ortaogretim ogretmeninden olusmaktadir.Arastirma sonucunda; ogretmenlerin calistiklari okul, ogrenim durumlari, mesleki kidemleri, mudurleri ile birlikte calismasureleri ve okuldaki ogretmen sayisi degiskenleri bakimindan mudurlerinin dinleme becerileri ile ilgili geri bildirimlerininfarklilastigi, ancak mudurlerin sahip olduklari brans degiskenine gore ogretmenlerin mudurleri ile ilgili geri bildirimlerininfarklilasmadigi tespit edilmistir
Molecular Modeling Investigation of Some New 2-mercaptoimidazoles.

BACKGROUND Docking study has become an important and interesting tool for the investigation of drug- receptor interaction. Computational methodologies have become a crucial component in the drug discovery programs which involves identification of target and lead along with their ADME and pharmacokinetic studies so as to obtain a potent lead. OBJECTIVE Synthesis and Molecular modeling investigation of some new 2-mercaptoimidazoles. METHOD New 2- mercaptoimidazoles were synthesized via solid phase synthesis and were characterized by spectral studies i.e IR, 1NMR, Mass spectra and LC-MS. Compounds were screened for their antimicrobial potency via agar well diffusion assay against three bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies for rationalization of their mode of action. RESULTS 18 new imidazole derivatives having mercapto group (4a-r) were synthesized via solid phase synthesis and were characterized by spectral studies i.e IR, 1NMR, Mass spectra and LC-MS. All the compounds were found to possess promising antimicrobial potency. However, compounds 4j and 4k were found to be the most potent compounds of the series against al the tested strains. The in silcio molecular modeling study results indicated that all the compounds exhibited good affinity towards the active site and thus may be considered as good inhibitors of enzyme 14α. -demethylase. CONCLUSION Thus, it may be concluded that the compounds are good inhibitors of enzyme 14α. - demethylase and may be further investigated to obtain antimicrobial lead.
Parent and Peer Influences on Adolescents' Gender Expectations

Traditional approaches to the development of gender identity concentrate on early childhood as the critical period for shaping self-images. Often masculinity and femininity are seen as quite stable and unchanging. This literature suffers from a restrictive focus on parent-child influences, especially so since in contemporary society children quickly move out from under parents' exclusive circle of control. Yet researchers interested in adolescence do not systematically explore models of gender identity that incorporate postchildhood change. Neither do they distinguish sufficiently potential differences in patterns of influence by parents, on the one hand, and by peers on the
Hardness and Approximation Results for Lp-Ball Constrained Homogeneous Polynomial Optimization Problems

In this paper, we establish hardness and approximation results for various Lp-ball constrained homogeneous polynomial optimization problems, where p ∈ [2, ∞]. Specifically, we prove that for any given d ≥ 3 and p ∈ [2, ∞], both the problem of optimizing a degree-d homogeneous polynomial over the Lp-ball and the problem of optimizing a degree-d multilinear form (regardless of its super-symmetry) over Lp-balls are NP-hard. On the other hand, we show that these problems can be approximated to within a factor of Ω((log n)(d−2)/p / nd/2−1) in deterministic polynomial time, where n is the number of variables. We further show that with the help of randomization, the approximation guarantee can be improved to Ω((log n/n)d/2−1), which is independent of p and is currently the best for the aforementioned problems. Our results unify and generalize those in the literature, which focus either on the quadratic case or the case where p ∈ {2, ∞}. We believe that the wide array of tools used in this paper will have further.
A differential evolution optimization algorithm for reducing time series dimensionality

Performing data mining tasks on raw time series is inefficient as these data are high-dimensional by nature. Instead, time series are first pre-processed using several techniques before the different data mining tasks can be performed. In general, there are two main approaches to pre-process time series. The first is what we call landmark methods. These methods are based on finding characteristic features in the target time series. The other approach is based on data transformations. These methods transform the time series from the original space into a reduced space so that they can be managed more efficiently. The method we present in this paper applies a third approach, as it projects a time series onto a lower-dimensional space by selecting important points in the time series. The novelty of our method is that these points are not chosen according to a geometric criterion which is subjective in most cases. The other important difference is that these important points are selected on a dataset-level and not on a single time series-level. The direct advantage of this strategy is that the distance defined on the low-dimensional space lower bounds the original distance applied to raw data. This enables us to apply the popular GEMINI algorithm. The promising results of our experiments on a wide variety of time series datasets validate our new method.
Familial Risks of Kidney Failure in Sweden: A Nationwide Family Study

Background The value of family history as a risk factor for kidney failure has not been determined in a nationwide setting. Aim This nationwide family study aimed to determine familial risks for kidney failure in Sweden. Methods The Swedish multi-generation register on 0–78-year-old subjects were linked to the Swedish patient register and the Cause of death register for 1987–2010. Individuals diagnosed with acute kidney failure (n = 10063), chronic kidney failure (n = 18668), or unspecified kidney failure (n = 3731) were included. Kidney failure patients with cystic kidney disease, congenital kidney and urinary tract malformations, urolithiasis, and rare inherited kidney syndromes, and hyperoxaluria were excluded. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for individuals whose parents/siblings were diagnosed with kidney failure compared to those whose parents or siblings were not. Results The concordant (same disease) familial risks (sibling/parent history) were increased for chronic kidney failure SIR = 2.02 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.90–2.14) but not for acute kidney failure SIR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.94–1.22) and for unspecified kidney failure SIR = 1.25 (95% CI 0.94–1.63). However, the discordant (different disease) familial risk for acute kidney failure SIR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.06–1.32) and unspecified kidney failure SIR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.40–1.90) was significantly increased in individuals with a family history of chronic kidney failure. The familial risk for chronic kidney failure was similar for males SIR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.90–2.20) and females SIR = 1.97 (95% CI 1.78–2.17). Familial risks for chronic kidney failure were highest at age of 10–19 years SIR = 6.33 (95% CI 4.16–9.22). Conclusions The present study shows that family history is an important risk factor for chronic kidney failure but to a lower degree for acute kidney failure and unspecified kidney failure.
Human Macrophages Accumulate HIV‐1 Particles in MHC II Compartments

Macrophages are important targets for HIV‐1 infection and harbor the virions in an as yet unidentified organelle. To determine the location of HIV‐1 in these cells, an extensive analysis of primary human macrophages infected in vitro with HIV‐1 was carried out by immuno‐electron microscopy. Virus particles were found to accumulate in intracellular multivesicular compartments which were enriched in major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD63. These features are characteristics of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments where maturing class II molecules acquire their peptide cargo. The membrane‐delimited, electron‐dense virus particles of 100–110 nm diameter labeled strongly for HIV‐1 p24 antigen, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, CD63 and, to a lesser extent for HIV‐1 gp120 envelope protein and Lamp 1. Our data suggest that virus particles may access the lumen of the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment by budding from the limiting membrane, thus acquiring proteins of this membrane such as class II and CD63. Viral assembly and budding would therefore occur in macrophages by a process similar to the formation of the internal vesicles in multivesicular bodies and at the same location. This could account for the particular content in lipids and proteins previously found in the membrane wrapping HIV particles. Our observations also suggest direct fusion of the virus containing major histocompatibility complex class II compartment with the plasma membrane, leading to massive release of viral particles into the extracellular medium.
Power spectrum scale invariance identifies prefrontal dysregulation in paranoid schizophrenia

Theory and experimental evidence suggest that complex living systems function close to the boundary of chaos, with erroneous organization to an improper dynamical range (too stiff or chaotic) underlying system‐wide dysregulation and disease. We hypothesized that erroneous organization might therefore also characterize paranoid schizophrenia, via optimization abnormalities in the prefrontal‐limbic circuit regulating emotion. To test this, we acquired fMRI scans from 35 subjects (N = 9 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and N = 26 healthy controls), while they viewed affect‐valent stimuli. To quantify dynamic regulation, we analyzed the power spectrum scale invariance (PSSI) of fMRI time‐courses and computed the geometry of time‐delay (Poincaré) maps, a measure of variability. Patients and controls showed distinct PSSI in two clusters (k1: Z = 4.3215, P = 0.00002 and k2: Z = 3.9441, P = 0.00008), localized to the orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 10), represented by β close to white noise in patients (β ≈ 0) and in the pink noise range in controls (β ≈ −1). Interpreting the meaning of PSSI differences, the Poincaré maps indicated less variability in patients than controls (Z = −1.9437, P = 0.05 for k1; Z = −2.5099, P = 0.01 for k2). That the dynamics identified Brodmann Area 10 is consistent with previous schizophrenia research, which implicates this area in deficits of working memory, executive functioning, emotional regulation and underlying biological abnormalities in synaptic (glutamatergic) transmission. Our results additionally cohere with a large body of work finding pink noise to be the normal range of central function at the synaptic, cellular, and small network levels, and suggest that patients show less supple responsivity of this region. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SeedSeq: Off-Target Transcriptome Database

Detection of potential cross-reaction between a short oligonucleotide sequence and a longer (unintended) sequence is crucial for many biological applications, such as high content screening (HCS), microarray nucleotide probes, or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, owing to a tolerance for mismatches and gaps in base-pairing with target transcripts, siRNAs could have up to hundreds of potential target sequences in a genome, and some small RNAs in mammalian systems have been shown to affect the levels of many messenger RNAs (off-targets) besides their intended target transcripts (on-targets). The reference sequence (RefSeq) collection aims to provide a comprehensive, integrated, nonredundant, well-annotated set of sequences, including mRNA transcripts. We performed a detailed off-target analysis of three most commonly used kinome siRNA libraries based on the latest RefSeq version. To simplify the access to off-target transcripts, we created a SeedSeq database, a new unique format to store off-target information.
Concept for hierarchical and distributed processing of area based triggers

Area based triggers denote notifications being generated if a mobile client changes its spatial relation to a defined area, e.g. if it enters or leaves it. By these triggers, new valuable services can be provided for mobile users. One of the main challenges is to design a suited approach for the computation of the triggers based on the defined areas and the current whereabouts of the mobile clients. With a rising number of areas and participants of these services, the need for a scalable solution to process the triggers emerges. This paper examines a new approach for the distributed, hierarchical processing of area based triggers based on the aggregation and segregation of both triggers and the setup messages requesting the services in a carrier access network. We investigate the signaling effort and computational complexity of the approach based on the required effort for an emerging position update of a mobile client in the network. The results are compared analytically with two other approaches, a centralized and a hierarchical one. Our analysis shows that our approach leads to a superior performance in terms of the effort for signaling and computation
Maximum throughput of a secondary user cooperating with an energy-aware primary user

This paper proposes a cooperation protocol between a secondary user (SU) and a primary user (PU) which dedicates a free frequency subband for the SU if cooperation results in energy saving. Time is slotted and users are equipped with buffers. Under the proposed protocol, the PU releases portion of its bandwidth for secondary transmission. Moreover, it assigns a portion of the time slot duration for the SU to relay primary packets and achieve a higher successful packet reception probability at the primary receiver. We assume that the PU has three states: idle, forward, and retransmission states. At each of these states, the SU accesses the channel with adaptive transmission parameters. The PU cooperates with the SU if and only if the achievable average number of transmitted primary packets per joule is higher than the number of transmitted packets per joule when it operates alone. The numerical results show the beneficial gains of the proposed cooperative cognitive protocol.
Regression analysis for secondary response variable in a case‐cohort study

Case‐cohort study design has been widely used for its cost‐effectiveness. In any real study, there are always other important outcomes of interest beside the failure time that the original case‐cohort study is based on. How to utilize the available case‐cohort data to study the relationship of a secondary outcome with the primary exposure obtained through the case‐cohort study is not well studied. In this article, we propose a non‐parametric estimated likelihood approach for analyzing a secondary outcome in a case‐cohort study. The estimation is based on maximizing a semiparametric likelihood function that is built jointly on both time‐to‐failure outcome and the secondary outcome. The proposed estimator is shown to be consistent, efficient, and asymptotically normal. Finite sample performance is evaluated via simulation studies. Data from the Sister Study is analyzed to illustrate our method.
Refinement of Bayesian network structures upon new data

Refinement of Bayesian network structures using new data becomes more and more relevant. Some work has been done there; however, one problem has not been considered yet - what to do when new data has fewer or more attributes than the existing model. In both cases data contains important knowledge and every effort must be made in order to extract it. In this paper, we propose a general merging algorithm to deal with situations when new data has different set of attributes. The merging algorithm updates sufficient statistics when new data is received. It expands the flexibility of Bayesian network structure refinement methods. The new algorithm is evaluated in extensive experiments, and its applications are discussed at length.
Analysis of the NMI01 Marker for a Population Database of Cannabis Seeds

We have analyzed the distribution of genotypes at a single hexanucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus in a Cannabis sativa seed database along with seed‐packaging information. This STR locus is defined by the polymerase chain reaction amplification primers CS1F and CS1R and is referred to as NMI01 (for National Marijuana Initiative) in our study. The population database consists of seed seizures of two categories: seed samples from labeled and unlabeled packages regarding seed bank source. Of a population database of 93 processed seeds including 12 labeled Cannabis varieties, the observed genotypes generated from single seeds exhibited between one and three peaks (potentially six alleles if in homozygous state). The total number of observed genotypes was 54 making this marker highly specific and highly individualizing even among seeds of common lineage. Cluster analysis associated many but not all of the handwritten labeled seed varieties tested to date as well as the National Park seizure to our known reference database containing Mr. Nice Seedbank and Sensi Seeds commercially packaged reference samples.
Joint Transmitter-Receiver Design for the Downlink Multiuser Spatial Multiplexing MIMO System

In the multiuser spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the joint transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) design is investigated to minimize the weighted sum power under the post-processing signal-to-interference-and-noise rate (post-SINR) constraints for all subchannels. Firstly, we show that the uplink-downlink duality is equivalent to the Lagrangian duality in the optimization problems. Then, an iterative algorithm for the joint Tx-Rx design is proposed according to the above result. Simulation results show that the algorithm can not only satisfy the post-SINR constraints, but also easily adjust the power distribution among the users by changing the weights accordingly. So that the transmitting power to the edge users in a cell can be decreased effectively to alleviate the adjacent cell interference without performance penalty.
The Convexity and Design of Composite Multiclass Losses

We consider composite loss functions for multiclass prediction comprising a proper (i.e., Fisher-consistent) loss over probability distributions and an inverse link function. We establish conditions for their (strong) convexity and explore the implications. We also show how the separation of concerns afforded by using this composite representation allows for the design of families of losses with the same Bayes risk.
Mechanism of the Exchange Reaction in HRAS from Multiscale Modeling

HRAS regulates cell growth promoting signaling processes by cycling between active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states. Understanding the transition mechanism is central for the design of small molecules to inhibit the formation of RAS-driven tumors. Using a multiscale approach involving coarse-grained (CG) simulations, all-atom classical molecular dynamics (CMD; total of 3.02 µs), and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we identified the structural features that determine the nucleotide (GDP) exchange reaction. We show that weakening the coupling between the SwitchI (residues 25–40) and SwitchII (residues 59–75) accelerates the opening of SwitchI; however, an open conformation of SwitchI is unstable in the absence of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and rises up towards the bound nucleotide to close the nucleotide pocket. Both I21 and Y32, play a crucial role in SwitchI transition. We show that an open SwitchI conformation is not necessary for GDP destabilization but is required for GDP/Mg escape from the HRAS. Further, we present the first simulation study showing displacement of GDP/Mg away from the nucleotide pocket. Both SwitchI and SwitchII, delays the escape of displaced GDP/Mg in the absence of GEF. Based on these results, a model for the mechanism of GEF in accelerating the exchange process is hypothesized.
Pattern search in dysfluent speech

Pattern recognition in time series is often used in data mining and in bioinformatics. Speech can be considered only as a different type of signal and processed as a time series. Stuttered speech is rich in events also known as dysfluencies, typically repetitions. This paper describes a new method for enumerating complex repetitions. Classical approaches to stuttered speech analyzed dysfluencies in very short intervals, which were sufficient for recognizing simple repetitions of phonemes. However, the problem of repetitions of syllables or words was typically ignored due to high computational demands of classical methods for analysis of longer intervals. Our approach uses a method adopted from data mining and bioinformatics, together with efficient representation of speech signal, which simplifies processing of speech enough to enable analysis of longer intervals. Results show applicability of the proposed method.
Distributed Object Sharing for Cluster-based Java Virtual Machine

of thesis entitled “Distributed Object Sharing for Cluster-based Java Virtual Machine” submitted by Fang Weijian for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in 2004 Java has already become one of the most popular programming languages since its debut. Recent advances in Java compilation and execution technologies have further pushed Java into the arena of high performance parallel and distributed computing. On the other hand, the computer cluster has gradually been accepted as a scalable and affordable parallel computing platform by both academia and industry in recent years. We were therefore inspired to design a cluster-based Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that can run unmodified multi-threaded Java applications on a computer cluster, where Java threads can be automatically distributed to different computer nodes to achieve high parallelism and leverage cluster-wide resources such as memory and network bandwidth. In a cluster-based JVM, the shared memory nature of Java threads calls for a global object space (GOS) that “virtualizes” a single Java object heap spanning the cluster to facilitate transparent distributed object sharing. The performance of the cluster-based JVM hinges on the GOS’s ability to minimize the communication and coordination overheads in maintaining the single object heap illusion.