Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptual and interpretative properties of motion for information visualization

1. ABSTRACT Visualizing information in user interfaces to complex, largescale systems is difficult due to an enormous amount of dynamic data distributed across multiple displays. While graphical representation techniques can reduce some of the cognitive overhead associated with comprehension, current interfaces suffer from the over-use of such representation techniques and exceed the human’s perceptual capacity to cfficicntly interpret them. New disphy dimensions are required to support the user in information visualization. Advances in technology have made animation a viable alternative to static representations. Motion holds promise as a perceptually rich and efficient display dimension but little is known about its attributes for information display. This paper proposes that motion may prove useful in visuahzing complex information because of its preattentive and interprctative perceptual properties. A review of animation in current user interface and visualization design and research indicates that, while there is strong intuition about the “usefulness” of motion to communicate, there are few guidelines or empirical knowledge about how to employ it. This paper summarizes types of movement characterization from diverse disciplines and proposes an initial taxonomy of motion properties and application to serve as a framework for further empirical investigation into motion as a useful display dimension.
Detection of an X-Ray Pulsar Wind Nebula and Tail in SNR N157B

We report Chandra X-ray observations of the supernova remnant N157B in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which are presented together with an archival Hubble Space Telescope optical image and a radio continuum map for comparison. This remnant contains the recently discovered 16 ms X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910, the most rapidly rotating young pulsar known. Using phase-resolved Chandra imaging, we pinpoint the location of the pulsar at 5h37m47. ˢ36, -69°10'20. ″4 (J2000), with an uncertainty of ≲1''. PSR J0537-6910 is not detected in any other wavelength band. The X-ray observations resolve three distinct features: the pulsar itself, a surrounding compact wind nebula that is strongly elongated (dimensions of ~0.6 × 1.7 pc), and a feature of large-scale (≳5 pc long) diffuse emission trailing from the pulsar. This latter comet-tail-shaped feature coexists with enhanced radio emission and is oriented nearly perpendicular to the major axis of the pulsar wind nebula. We propose the scenario below to explain these features. The bright, compact nebula is likely to be powered by a toroidal pulsar wind of relativistic particles that is partially confined by the ram pressure from the supersonic motion of the pulsar. The particles, after being forced out from the compact nebula (the head of the "comet"), are eventually dumped into a bubble (the tail), which is primarily responsible for the extended diffuse X-ray and radio emission. The ram-pressure confinement also allows a natural explanation for the observed X-ray luminosity of the compact nebula and for the unusually small X-ray to spin-down luminosity ratio of ~0.2%, compared to similarly energetic pulsars. We estimate the pulsar wind Lorentz factor of N157B to be ~4 × 106 (with an uncertainty of a factor of ~2), consistent with that inferred from the modeling of the Crab Nebula.
Polymorphisms in TIM-3 and breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women: A case-control study

Previous studies have found associations between polymorphisms in T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and increased risks of various cancers. However, the association between TIM-3 polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) remains uncertain. In this study, a total of 560 BC patients and 583 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls from Northwest China were included. The polymorphisms were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY. The expression level of TIM-3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. We observed rs10053538 had a significantly increased risk of BC, comparing with the wild-type genotype even after Bonferroni correction. In addition, the rs4704853 G>A variants were more frequent among BC patients than the controls (GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03-1.69, P = 0.026); However, the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.078). Furthermore, rs10053538 was associated with lymph node metastasis. Age stratification revealed that among patients aged <49 years, those with the rs4704853 GA/AA genotype had a higher risk of BC; But there was no difference when Bonferroni correction was conducted. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of TIM-3 protein in the breast cancer tissues was higher in patients carrying the rs10053538 GT+TT genotype than those with GG genotype (P = 0.012). However, we failed to find any difference between BC patients and controls in any rs1036199 genetic model. These findings suggested that rs10053538 in TIM-3 might increase susceptibility to BC and promote the progression of BC in Chinese women.
An efficient multi-resolution Z-tree approach of Skyline probability calculation for uncertain datasets

By definition the skyline points are the points in a given dataset which cannot be dominated by any other points in the same dataset and the skyline probabilities are the possibility of the any point that it will not be dominated by other points. It is found useful in many applications where estimation of possibility of being the best under some constrains are required such as probability of some player for performance etc. till now many approaches has been proposed and published but because of the characteristics of the problem they all required large memory and processing power. In this paper, we proposed and computationally efficient approach for estimating the skyline probabilities for uncertain data. The proposed algorithm utilizes the fundamental relations among the group of points to calculate the skyline probability. Since the properties of dominating points of a group can be taken as the abstract of the group properties the computational complexity can greatly reduce. The simulation of the proposed work shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms by acceptable margin.
Correlated Spontaneous Activity Persists in Adult Retina and Is Suppressed by Inhibitory Inputs

Spontaneous rhythmic activity is a hallmark feature of the developing retina, where propagating retinal waves instruct axonal targeting and synapse formation. Retinal waves cease around the time of eye-opening; however, the fate of the underlying synaptic circuitry is unknown. Whether retinal waves are unique to the developing retina or if they can be induced in adulthood is not known. Combining patch-clamp techniques with calcium imaging, we demonstrate that propagative events persist in adult mouse retina when it is deprived of inhibitory input. This activity originates in bipolar cells, resembling glutamatergic stage III retinal waves. We find that, as it develops, the network interactions progressively curtail this activity. Together, this provides evidence that the correlated propagative neuronal activity can be induced in adult retina following the blockade of inhibitory interactions.
Analysis of Meiosis in SUN1 Deficient Mice Reveals a Distinct Role of SUN2 in Mammalian Meiotic LINC Complex Formation and Function

LINC complexes are evolutionarily conserved nuclear envelope bridges, composed of SUN (Sad-1/UNC-84) and KASH (Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne/homology) domain proteins. They are crucial for nuclear positioning and nuclear shape determination, and also mediate nuclear envelope (NE) attachment of meiotic telomeres, essential for driving homolog synapsis and recombination. In mice, SUN1 and SUN2 are the only SUN domain proteins expressed during meiosis, sharing their localization with meiosis-specific KASH5. Recent studies have shown that loss of SUN1 severely interferes with meiotic processes. Absence of SUN1 provokes defective telomere attachment and causes infertility. Here, we report that meiotic telomere attachment is not entirely lost in mice deficient for SUN1, but numerous telomeres are still attached to the NE through SUN2/KASH5-LINC complexes. In Sun1−/− meiocytes attached telomeres retained the capacity to form bouquet-like clusters. Furthermore, we could detect significant numbers of late meiotic recombination events in Sun1−/− mice. Together, this indicates that even in the absence of SUN1 telomere attachment and their movement within the nuclear envelope per se can be functional.
Resolution enhanced technologies in digital holography

We present different systems based on digital holography suitable for the investigation of microscopic objects. A deep UV laser source (193 nm) and high numerical aperture geometry have been used to increase the resolution of the reconstructed amplitude and phase. Furthermore we show how digital holographic interferometry can be used to measure the deformation of microsystems down to the nanometer scale.
Which Non-functional Requirements Do Developers Focus On? An Empirical Study on Stack Overflow Using Topic Analysis

Programming question and answer (Q&A) websites, such as Stack Overflow, gathered knowledge and expertise of developers from all over the world, this knowledge reflects some insight into the development activities. To comprehend the actual thoughts and needs of the developers, we analyzed the non-functional requirements (NFRs) on Stack Overflow. In this paper, we acquired the textual content of Stack Overflow discussions, utilized the topic model, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), to discover the main topics of Stack Overflow discussions, and we used the wordlists to find the relationship between the discussions and NFRs. We focus on the hot and unresolved NFRs, the evolutions and trends of the NFRs in their discussions. We found that the most frequent topics the developers discuss are about usability and reliability while they concern few about maintainability and efficiency. The most unresolved problems also occurred in usability and reliability. Moreover, from the visualization of the NFR evolutions over time, we can find the trend for each NFR.
Towards a Korean DBpedia and an Approach for Complementing the Korean Wikipedia based on DBpedia

In the first part of this paper we report about experiences when applying the DBpedia extraction framework to the Korean Wikipedia. We improved the extraction of non-Latin characters and extended the framework with pluggable internationalization components in order to facilitate the extraction of localized information. With these improvements we almost doubled the amount of extracted triples. We also will present the results of the extraction for Korean. In the second part, we present a conceptual study aimed at understanding the impact of international resource synchronization in DBpedia. In the absence of any information synchronization, each country would construct its own datasets and manage it from its users. Moreover the cooperation across the various countries is adversely affected.
Focal law design for phased array ultrasonic testing of CFRP based on finite element modeling

The focal law of linear phased array ultrasonic testing of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates was studied based on finite element modeling. Two stacking sequences, [0]40 and [45/90/-45/0]10, were considered and the focusing results were compared based on the calculation of transient acoustic field. It was found that the actual focal point was ahead of the preset location when the focal law was calculated with a constant velocity of 2980 m/s, and the focal depth of [0]40 laminate was much smaller than that of [45/90/−45/0]10. To realize the focal law design, the time delay from each element to the preset focal point was acquired based on the finite element simulation and the focusing was obviously improved. The results were also verified by experiments. The differences were comprehensively discussed based on the wave propagation behavior in the elastic anisotropy and laminar structure.
Survey on image processing under image restoration

The survey paper tells a scenario based on image inpainting and texture synthesis method used for the reasoning and manipulation processing of a digitized image, so to improve its quality effect. Image Processing is a technique which is used for the removal of an object, concealment of errors and reconstruction of several background works. There exist some various applications of image inpainting which ranges from removing of an object existing in a particular scene to the retouching of the painting or photographs that is damaged. The photography inpainting allows reversing various deteriorations and is also used for adding or removing some elements from the photograph. Texture Synthesis enables to build algorithmically a large digital image from a small digital sample image by making using of the content structure. Applications of texture synthesis enable to give sample color values corresponding to the surrounding areas and develop several textures along with their sampling result in order to fill the hole. This paper deploys several explorations that are not addressed and also its challenges are conveyed.
Mechanisms controlling friction and adhesion at the atomic length-scale

A lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing atomic-scale adhesion and friction creates ongoing challenges as technologically-relevant devices are miniaturized. One major class of failure mechanisms of such devices results from high friction, adhesion, and wear. This thesis presents investigations into methods by which atomic-scale friction and adhesion can be controlled. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), friction and adhesion properties of graphene were examined. While friction between the tip and graphene depends on thickness, as explained by the â? puckering effectâ? , adhesion is independent of the thickness when measured conventionally. However, adhesion is transiently higher when measured after the tip has slid over the graphene. This effect is caused by increased adhesiveness between graphene and tip due to aging. Second, chemical modification of graphene, specifically fluorination, affects friction strongly, with friction monotonically increases with increasing degree of fluorination. As supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, this dependence is attributed to the fact that attachment of fluorine to graphene greatly enhances the local energy barrier for sliding, thereby significantly altering the energy landscape experienced by the tip. Finally, through matched AFM and MD, the speed dependence of atomic friction was explored within the framework of the Prandtl-Tomlinson model with thermal activation (PTT). For the first time, experiments and simulations are performed at overlapping scanning speeds. While friction was found to increase with the log of speed in both AFM and MD, consistent with the PTT model, friction in experiments was larger than in MD. Analysis revealed that the discrepancy was largely attributable to the differences in contact area and tip masses used in experiments vs. in simulation. Accounting for the overall influence of the two with the presence of instrument noise fully resolves the discrepancy. Through those novel studies and findings, it has been demonstrated that atomic-scale friction and adhesion can be controlled and understood, assisting the development of applications where variable or constant friction and adhesion are desired. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics First Advisor Robert W. Carpick
Head-Driven Parsing for Word Lattices

We present the first application of the head-driven statistical parsing model of Collins (1999) as a simultaneous language model and parser for large-vocabulary speech recognition. The model is adapted to an online left to right chart-parser for word lattices, integrating acoustic, n-gram, and parser probabilities. The parser uses structural and lexical dependencies not considered by n-gram models, conditioning recognition on more linguistically-grounded relationships. Experiments on the Wall Street Journal treebank and lattice corpora show word error rates competitive with the standard n-gram language model while extracting additional structural information useful for speech understanding.
Cognitive Radio Networks with the RESTART Retransmission Strategy and Limited Reconnections

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs) based on spectrum overlay sharing, the connection of a secondary user fails when a primary user arrives and there is not idle channels. Retransmissions of interrupted secondary sessions may lead the system towards an unstable condition. Therefore, it is important to develop mechanisms to alleviate performance degradation due to reconnected secondary sessions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, mechanisms based on limiting the number of reconnections for reducing failure rate have been neither analyzed nor evaluated in the literature. In this paper, limiting the maximum number of reconnections in CRNs with RESTART retransmission strategy for delay tolerant traffic is evaluated as a mechanism to reduce the negative impact of retransmissions and to widen the conditions under which system stability can be achieved. Numerical results show that limiting reconnections is an effective mechanism to alleviate performance degradation due to connection failure. Also a tradeoff between the call completion probability and the supported offered traffic load that can be controlled by varying either the number of reserved channels or the number of allowed retransmission is observed.
Convolutional neural networks for transient candidate vetting in large-scale surveys

Current synoptic sky surveys monitor large areas of the sky to find variable and transient astronomical sources. As the number of detections per night at a single telescope easily exceeds several thousand, current detection pipelines make intensive use of machine learning algorithms to classify the detected objects and to filter out the most interesting candidates. A number of upcoming surveys will produce up to three orders of magnitude more data, which renders high-precision classification systems essential to reduce the manual and, hence, expensive vetting by human experts. We present an approach based on convolutional neural networks to discriminate between true astrophysical sources and artefacts in reference-subtracted optical images. We show that relatively simple networks are already competitive with state-of-the-art systems and that their quality can further be improved via slightly deeper networks and additional preprocessing steps -- eventually yielding models outperforming state-of-the-art systems. In particular, our best model correctly classifies about 97.3% of all 'real' and 99.7% of all 'bogus' instances on a test set containing 1,942 'bogus' and 227 'real' instances in total. Furthermore, the networks considered in this work can also successfully classify these objects at hand without relying on difference images, which might pave the way for future detection pipelines not containing image subtraction steps at all.
Modulation of Glucagon Receptor Pharmacology by Receptor Activity-modifying Protein-2 (RAMP2)*

Background: The glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors are important targets for treating type 2 diabetes. Results: We describe novel glucagon receptor pharmacology, through interaction with the receptor activity-modifying protein-2 (RAMP2). Conclusion: RAMP2 regulates both ligand binding and G protein selectivity of the glucagon receptor. Significance: The effect of RAMP2 should be considered when designing anti-diabetic treatments. The glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors play important, opposing roles in regulating blood glucose levels. Consequently, these receptors have been identified as targets for novel diabetes treatments. However, drugs acting at the GLP-1 receptor, although having clinical efficacy, have been associated with severe adverse side-effects, and targeting of the glucagon receptor has yet to be successful. Here we use a combination of yeast reporter assays and mammalian systems to provide a more complete understanding of glucagon receptor signaling, considering the effect of multiple ligands, association with the receptor-interacting protein receptor activity-modifying protein-2 (RAMP2), and the role of individual G protein α-subunits. We demonstrate that RAMP2 alters both ligand selectivity and G protein preference of the glucagon receptor. Importantly, we also uncover novel cross-reactivity of therapeutically used GLP-1 receptor ligands at the glucagon receptor that is abolished by RAMP2 interaction. This study reveals the glucagon receptor as a previously unidentified target for GLP-1 receptor agonists and highlights a role for RAMP2 in regulating its pharmacology. Such previously unrecognized functions of RAMPs highlight the need to consider all receptor-interacting proteins in future drug development.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes: differential genotoxic potential associated with physico-chemical properties

Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have recently attracted great attention because of their fibrous structure and high aspect ratio. Here the genotoxic potential of 400–800 nm, 1–3 μm and 5–30 μm SWCNT with respect to their geometry and surface characteristics was studied. Following thorough physico-chemical characterisation, human bronchial epithelial (BEAS−2B) and lymphoblastoid (MCL-5) cells were treated with SWCNT for 24 or 48 h. This showed significant increases in micronucleus frequency in a time- and dose-dependent manner in both cell types in the absence of cytotoxicity. Over the same dose range, only 1–3 μm SWCNT gave rise to significant increases in hprt point mutations at doses ≥25 μg/ml. Cellular 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence assay and RT-PCR for oxidative pathway gene profiling revealed a possible oxidative mechanism for the genotoxicity observed in the 1–3 μm SWCNT. Consequently, this study has demonstrated that SWCNT genotoxicity is dependent on its secondary structure under experimental conditions and oxidative stress alone cannot account for the observed damage.
Conceptual modeling in simulation projects by mean adapted IDEF: An application in a Brazilian tech company

Several process modeling techniques have been used in simulation projects. However, most of these techniques provide little specific support to the programming. The main cause of this is the fact that these techniques were not developed with the same logic used in simulation models. From this issue, this paper presents an industrial application of a new conceptual modeling technique, named IDEF-SIM (Integrated Definition Methods - Simulation) currently under development by the authors. This adapted IDEF uses logic elements present in techniques such as IDEF0 and IDEF3, but in a way that is similar to the process interpretation logic usually used in simulation projects. This way, it can be noticed an increase in the conceptual model's utility, which might facilitate the simulation model programming, verification and validation and the scenarios creation. Additionally, the paper presents the benefits of using IDEF-SIM to create the conceptual model of a Brazilian tech company manufacturing cell.