Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duplicate issue detection for the Android open source project

The Android Open Source Project(AOSP) has seen tremendous traction over the past decade, and as such, the bug repository is growing in scale. With this growth, the effort required for project members to triage incoming new reports to identify whether it is a duplicate issue that has already been addressed, or receiving attention, is also on the rise. In this work, we create dataset of issues from the Android issue tracker, and use standard IR techniques such as VSM and LDA to understand their capability in such similar issue retrieval. Further, we combine VSM and LDA to evaluate its usefulness. We find that, overall, VSM performs better with this dataset.
Methodology for automated phase noise minimization in RF circuit interconnect trees

We present a methodology for phase noise minimization of interconnects in radio frequency circuits, integrated into a commercial digital tool chain. Accurate estimates of the produced phase noise are derived using a lookup table approach, eliminating the need for analog simulations. A dynamic programming algorithm is utilized to produce the optimal tree structure. The tree is automatically translated into a netlist and placed and routed within the VLSI flow. Back annotated simulations in 28 nm technology show that the obtained results are within 2.2 dB of the actual phase noise, while significantly reducing the design time compared to traditional manual design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the automation of buffer insertion for phase noise minimization.
Breakthrough Technologies VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN 6 and VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN 7 Effectively Induce Transdifferentiation into Xylem Vessel Elements under Control of an Induction System 1 [ W ]

RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan (M.Y., N.G., H.I., M.O., Y.N., N.N., M.K., T.D.); Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630–0192, Japan (M.Y., T.D.); RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan (M.O., T.D.); Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184–8588, Japan (Y.N., Y.K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (J.C.M., P.D.); and Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8687, Japan (K.K.)
A Novel Female-Specific and Sexual Reproduction-Associated Dmrt Gene Discovered in the Stony Coral, Euphyllia ancora1

ABSTRACT Transcription factors encoded by the Dmrt gene family regulate multiple aspects of animal reproduction. Most studies investigating the Dmrt gene family were conducted in model organisms from bilateral species, with a particular emphasis on gene function in male sex determination. It is still unclear whether the E. ancora Dmrt (EaDmrt) genes found in basal metazoans such as cnidarians share similar characteristics with orthologs in other metazoans. In this study, seven full Dmrt gene transcript sequences for a gonochoric coral, Euphyllia ancora (phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa), were obtained through transcriptome data mining, RT-PCR analysis, rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and sequencing. These EaDmrts were subjected to quantitative assays measuring temporal and tissue-specific expression. Results demonstrated a unique gene expression pattern for EaDmrtE, which is enriched in female germ cells during the spawning season. Based on the phylogenetic analyses performed across the homologous Dmrt genes in metazoans, we found that the female-specific EaDmrtE gene is not related to the DM1 gene of Acropora spp. coral nor to Dmrt1 of vertebrates, which are involved in sexual reproduction, especially in sex determination (vertebrate Dmrt1). Additionally, high levels of EaDmrtE transcripts detected in unfertilized mature eggs are retained in newly formed zygotes but decrease during embryonic development. We suggest that the newly discovered gene may play a role in oogenesis and early embryogenesis as a maternal factor in corals. Therefore, the sexual reproduction-associated Dmrt gene(s) should have arisen in cnidarians and might have evolved multiple times in metazoans.
Functional neuroimaging: a new generation of human brain studies in obesity research

Obesity is predominantly caused by overeating, an abnormal behaviour for which there is no unequivocal neurophysiological explanation. Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have recently emerged as new tools to search for regions of the brain that are involved in the regulation of eating behaviours and those that are involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. Using these techniques, a limited number of studies have provided the first in vivo images of the human hypothalamic response to nutritional stimuli and revealed the complexity of the human brain response to hunger, taste, and satiation. Selective differences have been reported in the functional architecture of the brain of obese and lean individuals. We discuss current use and possible future developments of functional neuroimaging applied to obesity research. We conclude that functional neuroimaging provides an increasingly important tool for investigating how different regions of the brain work in concert to orchestrate normal eating behaviours and how they conspire to produce obesity and other eating disorders.
Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency

This is the sort of American book which makes British social scientists writhe with envy. It is the record of a sustained and elaborate criminological research project, lasting ten years and costing three-quarters of a million dollars. As might be expected, this is therefore as good a book of its type as is likely to be written. However, it adheres to the orthodox methodology for the study of crime, and there is every reason for feeling that this is no longer adequate.
Fast Inverse Compositional Image Alignment with Missing Data and Re-weighting

This paper proposes a novel method of performing inverse compositional image alignment which elegantly deals with missing data and re-weighting, and does not require the Jacobians and Hessian to be re-computed at every iteration. We show how missing data and re-weighting can be handled through preconditioning. We propose a few preconditioning techniques and analyse how each technique models the effects of missing data and re-weighting for inverse composition. We show through extensive experiments on different applications that our method improves the convergence rate of the conventional re-weighted inverse compositional method while remaining robust to outliers. We also show that the the update parameters are usually underestimated and how this can be used to further speed up convergence of image alignment methods.
Cost effective analysis of commonly used topical drugs in ophthalmology

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of commonly used topical drugs in ophthalmic conditions like conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, uveitis, etc. Materials and Methods:Data was collected from the Ophthalmology department at Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College for conditions like conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, uveitis, etc. Cost effective analysis was done for anti infectives, anti-inflammatory and corticosteroids used in the treatment of above mentioned conditions. Results and Conclusions: Toram was cost effective among antimicrobials. Ketolas NSAID as analgesic and Predmet for ocular postoperative conditions as a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent was most economical. Toram (tobramycin –Rs26/per bottle), Ketolas (ketorlac-Rs 29/per bottle), Predmet (prednisolone-Rs 13/per bottle).
Superscribing Symbols: The Myth of Guandi, Chinese God of War

Historical studies of how myths and symbols change have only recently begun to emerge. They tend to stress the layered and historically stratified nature of myths, each stratum reflecting the concerns of an epoch or a particular group. Marina Warner (1982) has shown how the image of Joan of Arc has been differently interpreted by Nazis, nationalists, and feminists, among many others, and Jacques Le Goff (1980) has demonstrated how ecclesiastical and popular images of Saint Marcellus of Paris came to resemble each other but ultimately always remained apart. James Watson's stimulating study (1985) of Tian Hou, or the empress of heaven, argues that the outwardly unitary symbolic character of the goddess Tian Hou concealed important differences in what various social groups believed about her. Pioneering as they are, these works are only the start of efforts to probe the enormously complex relationship between change in the symbolic realm and historical change among social groups and institutions.
Heritability of dispersal in the great reed warbler

Dispersal is commonly considered to be a condition-dependent behaviour with no or low heritability. Here, we show that dispersal in the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus ) has a high heritability. Analyses of capture-recapture data of male great reed warblers gathered from the species' whole Swedish breeding range revealed a remarkable offspring-parent resemblance in dispersal behaviour (philopatry vs. inter-population dispersal). Also, the degree of dispersal differed between cohorts, which shows that dispersal was partly conditionally dependent. The offspring to mid-parent estimate of heritability was 0.50. In a previous study of the same data set of male offspring, we did not detect associations between dispersal and several relevant environmental, parental and offspring condition factors. Thus, our results indicate that variation in dispersal partly has a genetic basis in great reed warblers.
Dimensionality reduction methods for molecular simulations

Molecular simulations produce very high-dimensional data-sets with millions of data points. As analysis methods are often unable to cope with so many dimensions, it is common to use dimensionality reduction and clustering methods to reach a reduced representation of the data. Yet these methods often fail to capture the most important features necessary for the construction of a Markov model. Here we demonstrate the results of various dimensionality reduction methods on two simulation data-sets, one of protein folding and another of protein-ligand binding. The methods tested include a k-means clustering variant, a non-linear auto encoder, principal component analysis and tICA. The dimension-reduced data is then used to estimate the implied timescales of the slowest process by a Markov state model analysis to assess the quality of the projection. The projected dimensions learned from the data are visualized to demonstrate which conformations the various methods choose to represent the molecular process.
Nucleic Acids Research

We have compared the sequences which lie 5' to the coding regions of 15 Dictyostelium genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. These sequences are extremely (-90) A + T rich and contain extensive homopolymeric regions. Like most eukaryotic genes, those in Dictyostelium possess a TATA or Goldberg- Hogness Box -25-35bp 5' to the site of transcription initiation. In addition, each gene contains an oligo (dT) stretch between the TATA Box and mRNA start site; this oligo (dT) sequence is, thus far, unique to Dictyostelium. We sug- gest that the TATA-oligo (dT) structure is an essential component of the Dictyostelium promoter. The general sequence structure of coding, non-coding and untranscribed flanking regions in Dictyostelium is also discussed.
Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Islet Allotransplantation A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.

Recent progresses in the pancreas’ enzymatic digestion process along with novel immunosuppression strategies have led to successful clinical trials of islet transplantation in humans. On the other hand, clinical outcome remains variable and unpredictable in centers with limited experience. The possibility of predicting in vivo islet graft function should allow the selection of preparations on the basis of their potential success, thus improving the overall results and making the processes more consistent and reproducible. Graft function prediction is a work in progress. Initially, the best parameters representative of engrafted islet mass in recipients should be defined. Fasting C-peptide and exogenous insulin requirements are commonly used, although other methods for a more complete characterization of graft function (i.e., β-score) have recently been described but not validated in a large number of patients. In addition, some of these data were shown to predict long-term graft function and might be used to establish whether recipients require further islet infusions. Many pretransplant parameters representative of islet preparations and predictive for in vivo function have been proposed. C-peptide values as well as the exogenous insulin requirements of recipients were shown to be directly correlated with the number of transplanted islets, but there are many exceptions to this association. Other methods to define the quality of an islet preparation include analyses of islet morphology, cell composition, response to glucose, and viability and production of proinflammatory molecules. The most promising appear to be those that simultaneously analyze more than one aspect of islet physiology. Islet transplantation has great potential for the normalization of the main parameters of glucose metabolism in diabetic patients. A sufficient number of islets can now be obtained from good quality pancreata more frequently than in the past, and diabetes can generally be reversed, normalizing A1C levels and eliminating severe hypoglycemic episodes (1). Clinical …
Chirped-pulse amplification of 55-fs pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate in a Ti:Al2O3 regenerative amplifier.

40-fs pulses are stretched to 372 ps by an all-reflective-optics stretcher with 1200-line/mm holographic gratings and are then amplified to an energy of 0.7 mJ in a regenerative amplifier. After compression, 0.35-mJ, 55-fs transform-limited pulses are produced.
A prospective evaluation of the biochemical, metabolic, hormonal and structural bone changes associated with bortezomib response in multiple myeloma patients

We prospectively evaluated the bone changes associated with proteasome inhibition using single agent bortezomib in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients. Ten patients received bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 per days 1, 4, 8 and 11 for three 21-day cycles, and 6 patients received 1 mg/m2 per day with the same schedule. Bone architecture and metabolism changes were assessed by bone markers, micro-CT, bone histomorphometry, tetracycline labeling and serum parathormone levels. Bone parameter variations were compared by response to treatment. Microarchitectural changes were observed in all evaluable responsive patients. Bone alkaline phosphatase changes were associated with disease response (≥PR vs. others P=0.03 cycle 1, day 11) serum parathormone levels were also significantly increased (P=0.04 on days 11, 21, 33) in responding individuals. This study demonstrates that the myeloma control produced by proteasome inhibition is associated with bone changes and to a discrete pattern of hormonal variation. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00569868)
Enhancement of out-of-focus images using fusion-based PSF estimation and restoration

In this paper, we propose an enhancement algorithm of out-of- focused images using fusion-based Point-spread-function (PSF) estimation and restoration. The proposed algorithm can make in-focused image by using only digital image processing techniques, and it requires neither infrared light/ultrasound nor focusing lens assembly operated by electrically powered movement of focusing lens. In order to increase accuracy in estimating the PSF of the defocus image, the proposed algorithm finds true and linear edges by using Canny edge detector, which is optimal edge detector and has good localization, estimates the step response across the edge for each pixel, computes the one-dimensional step response by averaging the step responses, estimates the two-dimensional PSF from the averaged step response, and then provides in- focused image by image restoration filter based on the estimated PSF. Finally, we execute fusion process, which can enhance the quality of the fused image by fusing restored images. There is a limit of the amount of out-of-focus, which can be recovered by the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is operating under assumption that an input image contains at least one piece-wise linear boundary between an object and background. In spite of above-mentioned limitations, the proposed algorithm can make acceptable quality of focused image by using only digital image processing.
The Effects of Caffeine on Hyperactive Children

The effects of a two-week regimen of caffeine on the behavior of hyperactive children were investigated. The double-blind study involved a crossover design and required each subject to be on caffeine and placebo for a period of two weeks. During this time, psychological, physiological, and behavioral observations were made. Caffeine did not significantly improve reaction times and psychological test scores. However, impulsivity and general behavior as measured by parent and teacher rating scales showed some significant improvements due to caffeine.
Shortening the Distance Between the “I” and the “It”: A Transformative Approach to Improving Teaching

“It” science focuses on the external and technical dimensions of action. “I” science focuses on the internal experiences and meaning particular actions hold for people. Elevating “It” science over “I” science can deform occupational therapy's body of knowledge and, consequently, stunt its practices. Similarly, elevating the technical or instrumental dimension of teaching over the internal experiences of educators can deform education and even do harm to students. A transformative learning approach to improving teaching foregrounds the inner lives of educators, thus balancing the instrumental with the deeply personal aspects of teaching. Such a balance is vital given the hopes that ride on occupational therapy education.
A test of rivaling approaches to explain news effects: News on isue positions of parties, real-world developments, support and criticism, and success and failure

Different ‘‘paradigmatic’’ approaches to explain news effects on voting may supplement each other, because their starting points are based on different news types in political campaign news: news on issue positions of parties, news on real-world developments, news on support or criticism for parties, and news on success and failure of parties. Daily content analysis data and a weekly multiwave panel survey from the 2003 election campaign in the Netherlands are used for a simultaneous test. A logistic regression analysis demonstrates that the paradigmatic approaches supplement each other. The data reveal a huge impact of the news from a campaigner’s point of view in spite of a huge variety in responses to the news at the level of individual respondents.
Demographic influence on UK citizens' e-government adoption

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the influence of demographic variables on citizens' adoption of a recent UK e-government initiative, the 'Government Gateway'. Three key demographic characteristics ? age, gender and education ? that provide insights into Government Gateway adopters and non-adopters were identified from a literature review. Data on these variables was collected on a nationwide scale employing a postal survey. The findings of this study suggest that the three variables of age, education, and broadband access at home significantly influence citizens' adoption of the Government Gateway, whilst gender was found to be non-significant. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of promoting the adoption of emerging ICT technologies and reducing the digital divide.
Effect of language of interview on the validity and reliability of psychological well-being scales.

Thanh V Tran , PhD, is associate professor ; and Leon F. Williams , PhD, is associate professor ; Graduate School of Social Work , Boston College, 216 McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02161. The data used in this publication were made available by the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. The data for the National Survey of Hispanic Elderly People were originally collected by Karen Davis and the Commonwealth Fund. The authors bear all responsibility for the analysis and interpretations presented here and thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. Social people long titioners ferently scientists recognized across (Palmore, have conversely doing cultures the 1983). cross-cultural need behave been Human to understand cognizant similarly services research or of prachave how difthe long recognized the need to understand how people across cultures behave similarly or differently (Palmore, 1983). Human services practit on h v conve sely een co zant f t e need to provide different treatments or services to meet the needs of clients across ethnic populations (Henderson, 1989; Lum, 1992). In this article, we focus on an important methodological issue of cross-cultural research: the effect of the language of interview on psychometric properties of critical research measures. Several studies of Hispanic populations have been concerned with the uniformity of data (Trevino, 1988), the comparative translation of research instruments (Berkanovic, 1980), and the effect of the language used in an interview on outcome variables (Kirkman-Liff & Mondragon, 1991). However, no previous study has examined whether language of interview affects the psychometric properties of outcome variables such as psychological well-being. Traditionally, investigators have used translation as a method to achieve comparability in cross-cultural research. In addition, non-English-speaking respondents have often been given the choice of being interviewed in English or in their native language. Investigators tend to assume that good translation guarantees cross-cultural comparability of research methods across ethnic groups. This belief may mask true substantive similarities or differences between ethnic groups. An examination of the effect of language of interview on the measurement properties of psychological variables should indicate not only whether the translation truly achieves cross-cultural comparability but also whether it, in fact, confounds the comparability of research instruments. This research assumes that the language of the interview, whether conducted directly or indirectly, has an influence on the reliability and validity of research instruments.
Anxiety in Ethnic Minority Youth

Although current research has documented a relatively high prevalence of anxiety disorders in American youth, this research has been conducted mainly with nonminority samples. Fair treatment and increasing numbers of ethnic minority persons in the United States require that more should be known about minority youth. However, research with majority youth cannot be safely generalized to minority youth for several reasons, such as potential differences in the manifestation of anxiety, differences in style of response to assessment devices, and different life circumstances. This review is presented in two major sections. First, the authors address definition of terms and fully examine the significance of studying anxiety in ethnic minority youth. Also considered are methodological issues such as sampling and participation biases. Second, the authors reviewanxiety in ethnic minority children and adolescents in the United States including studies addressing fears, worries, trait anxiety, test anxiety, and anxiety disorders.