Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neural Correlates of Similarity- and Rule-based Generalization

The idea that there are multiple learning systems has become increasingly influential in recent years, with many studies providing evidence that there is both a quick, similarity-based or feature-based system and a more effortful rule-based system. A smaller number of imaging studies have also examined whether neurally dissociable learning systems are detectable. We further investigate this by employing for the first time in an imaging study a combined positive and negative patterning procedure originally developed by Shanks and Darby [Shanks, D. R. , & Darby, R. J. Feature- and rule-based generalization in human associative learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 24, 405–415, 1998]. Unlike previous related studies employing other procedures, rule generalization in the Shanks–Darby task is beyond any simple non-rule-based (e.g., associative) account. We found that rule- and similarity-based generalization evoked common activation in diverse regions including the pFC and the bilateral parietal and occipital lobes indicating that both strategies likely share a range of common processes. No differences between strategies were identified in whole-brain comparisons, but exploratory analyses indicated that rule-based generalization led to greater activation in the right middle frontal cortex than similarity-based generalization. Conversely, the similarity group activated the anterior medial frontal lobe and right inferior parietal lobes more than the rule group did. The implications of these results are discussed.
Human centered training: perceived exertion as main parameter for training adaption

Regular physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle. The physical activity should be performed with the right individual intensity. Today it is common to use the heart rate as indicator for the optimal individual training intensity, but the subjective intensity of the trainee is not considered. In this paper we present an approach which focuses on the perceived exertion of the trainee and helps to reach and keep a user-defined intensity level.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Interactions From the Maternal and Offspring Genomes

The expression of most developmental or behavioral traits involves complex interactions between quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the maternal and offspring genomes. The maternal-offspring interactions play a pivotal role in shaping the direction and rate of evolution in terms of their substantial contribution to quantitative genetic (co)variation. To study the genetics and evolution of maternal-offspring interactions, a unifying statistical framework that embraces both the direct and indirect genetic effects of maternal and offspring QTL on any complex trait is developed. This model is derived for a simple backcross design within the maximum-likelihood context, implemented with the EM algorithm. Results from extensive simulations suggest that this model can provide reasonable estimation of additive and dominant effects of the QTL at different generations and their interaction effects derived from the maternal and offspring genomes. Although our model is framed to characterize the actions and interactions of maternal and offspring QTL affecting offspring traits, the idea can be readily extended to decipher the genetic machinery of maternal traits, such as maternal care. Our model provides a powerful means for studying the evolutionary significance of indirect genetic effects in any sexually reproductive organisms.
Symbolic Methods in Testing (Dagstuhl Seminar 13021)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 13021 "Symbolic Methods in Testing". The aim of the seminar was to bring together leading researchers of this field; the seminary ended up with 38 participants from 10 countries: France, The Netherlands, The Unites States, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Brazil, Norway, Estonia and Italy. Through a series of presentations, discussions, and working group meetings, the seminar attempted to get a coherent picture of the field, which transcends the borders of applications and disciplines, of existing approaches and problems in formal testing. The seminar brought together, on the one hand, researchers from the different camps and various tools. The main outcome of the seminar is the exchange of information between different groups and the discussion of new trends (parallelization, cloud-computing)
A Markovian approach to color image restoration based on space filling curves

A method for color image restoration based on the concept of Markov random fields and space-filling curves is presented. This work is a vectorial extension of a scalar deterministic solution for Markov random fields (MRFs). The proposed method represents an efficient alternative to the use of the vectorial deterministic solution for MRFs. The application of the space filling curve transformation allows one to apply the MRF algorithm to a scalar image with N/sup 3/ grey levels (typically N=256). The scalar MRF approach is based on expressing the energy function by means of the Euclidean norm in the vectorial space. This approach implies a high computational load. The new method involves a computational load lower than the vectorial case because the energy function is presented in the scalar space obtained after space filling curve based transformation.
Non detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pigs

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a global health problem causing infections in both humans and livestock, ranging from skin and soft tissue to life threatening blood stream infections. The mecA gene is known to confer resistance to MRSA isolates. This study investigated the carriage of mecA gene by MRSA isolates from pigs. Methods: One hundred non duplicate staphylococcal isolates recovered from blood samples of pigs in Bariga district of Lagos State at the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology unit of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research were used in the study. S. aureus was identified by cultural characteristics, and positive catalase, coagulase and deoxyribonuclease tests. Phenotypic methicillin resistance was determined by the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: Twenty-five S. aureus were identified, of which 11 (44%) were MRSA by phenotypic method. All the isolates were mecA negative on PCR. Conclusion: The MRSA phenotype observed in the pig isolates in this study appears not to be the classical mecA mediated resistance. There may be alternative mechanisms of resistance in MRSA isolates in pigs. Keywords: MRSA, phenotypic, mecA gene, PCR, pigs
Microglial Activation Enhances Associative Taste Memory through Purinergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission

The cerebral innate immune system is able to modulate brain functioning and cognitive processes. During activation of the cerebral innate immune system, inflammatory factors produced by microglia, such as cytokines and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), have been directly linked to modulation of glutamatergic system on one hand and learning and memory functions on the other hand. However, the cellular mechanisms by which microglial activation modulates cognitive processes are still unclear. Here, we used taste memory tasks, highly dependent on glutamatergic transmission in the insular cortex, to investigate the behavioral and cellular impacts of an inflammation restricted to this cortical area in rats. We first show that intrainsular infusion of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide induces a local inflammation and increases glutamatergic AMPA, but not NMDA, receptor expression at the synaptic level. This cortical inflammation also enhances associative, but not incidental, taste memory through increase of glutamatergic AMPA receptor trafficking. Moreover, we demonstrate that ATP, but not proinflammatory cytokines, is responsible for inflammation-induced enhancement of both associative taste memory and AMPA receptor expression in insular cortex. In conclusion, we propose that inflammation restricted to the insular cortex enhances associative taste memory through a purinergic-dependent increase of glutamatergic AMPA receptor expression at the synapse.
Development of the very low angle detector for epithermal neutron scattering at low momentum transfers

The design and prototype tests of the Very Low Angle Detector (VLAD) for epithermal neutron scattering at low momentum transfers are presented. The detector will be installed on the VESUVIO spectrometer at the ISIS spallation neutron source for so-called High-energy Inelastic Neutron Scattering (HINS) experiments. It will consist of an array of Resonant Detectors (RD) covering the scattering range 1/spl deg/-5/spl deg/. The results of prototype tests with a reduced set of RD units demonstrate the feasibility of the measurement in the adverse environmental conditions of ISIS. Simulations of particle interactions using the GEANT4 code show that the envisaged detector design can meet the requirements in terms of efficiency, cross-talk between detection channels and neutron scattering events in the detector.
Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of the lactating cow.

Abstract The rumen contents of 70 lactating Holstein cows fed five different rations were examined for ciliate protozoa. Species of eight genera of the family Ophryoscolecidae and two genera of the family Isotrichidae were observed, with Entodinium, Epidinium, Polyplastron, Ophryoscolex , and Isotricha predominating. Isotricha appeared frequently in the rumens of cows fed a ration containing cane molasses, whereas Polyplastron, Epidinium , and Ophryoscolex were frequently present in cows fed a ration containing hemicellulose extract. There were no differences in the frequency of appearance of most ciliate protozoa in the rumens of cows fed different quantities of calcium and phosphorus. Entodinium caudatum appeared frequently in the rumens of cows fed rations containing large quantities of grain starch. Polyplastron multivesiculatum or Ophryoscolex caudatus or both were not seen in cows containing Epidinium caudatum or Eudiplodinium maggii . However, O. caudatus was seen together with Epidinium tricaudatum. P. multivesiculatum was not seen together with Metadinium medium .
Nomadic π-calculi: expressing and verifying communication infrastructure for mobile computation

Abstract This thesis addresses the problem of verifying distributed infrastructure for mobile computa-tion. In particular, we study language primitives for communication between mobile agents.They can be classiﬁed into two groups. At a low level there are location dependent primitivesthat require a programmer to know the current site of a mobile agent in order to communicatewith it. At a high level there are location independent primitives that allow communicationwith a mobile agent irrespective of any migrations. Implementation of the high level requiresdelicate distributed infrastructure algorithms. In earlier work of Sewell, Wojciechowski andPierce, the two levels were made precise as process calculi, allowing such algorithms to be ex-pressed as encodings of the high level into the low level; a distributed programming languageNomadic Pict has been built for experimenting with such encodings.This thesis turns to semantics, giving a deﬁnition of the core language (with a type system)and proving correctness of an example infrastructure. This involves extending the standardsemantics and proof techniques of process calculi to deal with the new notions of sites andagents. The techniques adopted include labelled transition semantics, operational equiv-alences and preorders (eg. expansion and coupled simulation), “up to” equivalences, anduniform receptiveness. We also develop two novel proof techniques for capturing the designintuitions regarding mobile agents: we consider translocating versions of operational equiv-alences that take migration into account, allowing compositional reasoning; and temporaryimmobility, which captures the intuition that while an agent is waiting for a lock somewherein the system, it will not migrate.The correctness proof of an example infrastructure is non-trivial. It involves analysing thepossible reachable states of the encoding applied to an arbitrary high-level source program.We introduce an intermediate language for factoring out as many ‘house-keeping’ reductionsteps as possible, and focusing on the partially-committed steps.iii
FML-based Japanese diet assessment system

This paper presents a Fuzzy Markup Language (FML)-based Japanese diet assessment system and applies it to Japanese diet. Food Exchange List (FEL), published by Japan Diabetes Society, is adopted as a standard to assess one person's diet healthy level to help him/her eat a wide variety of foods and drinks to balance the eaten food items and physical activity. FML is used to describe the knowledge base and rule base of the diet domain. The dietician first defines the nutrient facts of the collected food from food guidebook and Internet. Then, the involved subject records his/her personal information and daily meals for a constant period. Based on the predefined Japanese food ontology, including ingredients of each food item and the contained units of each food group, the proposed fuzzy inference mechanism is implemented to infer the possibility of dietary healthy level for one-day meal. From the simulation results, the proposed approach is feasible to apply to Japanese diet assessment.
Pengaruh Panjang Serat Sabut Kelapa terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Kuat Lentur Beton

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh panjang serat sabut kelapa dan proporsi penambahan dan pengurangan pasir terhadap kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton melalui proses pembuatan beton secara manual. Panjang serat yang digunakan adalah 1 cm, 3 cm dan 5 cm. Variasi pasir dibuat dengan penambahan dan pengurangan pasir sebanyak 5% dan 10% dari massa awal pasir. Ukuran balok yang digunakan adalah 22 cm x 11 cm x 6 cm. Kuat tekan dan kuat lentur maksimum rata-rata yang diuji dengan Unit Testing Machine didapat pada panjang serat 3 cm sebesar 73,40 kg/cm 2 dan 29,95 kg/cm 2 . Untuk penambahan dan pengurangan pasir sebanyak 5% dan 10% tidak menghasilkan perubahan yang berarti. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa panjang serat yang baik untuk pembuatan beton diperkuat serat adalah 3 cm.
Aspects of Fast-Ion Dosimetry

Abstract Bichsel, H. , Hiraoka, T. and Omata, K. Aspects of Fast-Ion Dosimetry. A first step in the dosimetry of fast-ion beams is the determination of accurate Bragg (ionization) functions. Bragg functions for several substances have been measured and calculated for 3480 MeV carbon ions. In the measurements, the ions first traverse an absorber in which the energy is reduced to either 1900 or 1200 MeV, then a “range gauge” followed by a thin ionization chamber. Functions are calculated with an analytical method using convolutions of straggling functions. This approach gives results without the stochastic variations implicit in Monte Carlo methods. The comparison of measured and calculated functions shows how reliable the calculations are. An important part of the calculations is the determination of the total range of the ions. The range can be determined from the Bragg function. The measured range is given by the sum of the thickness of the absorber and the residual range measured with the range gauge. For water, the range is about 150 mm, and the precision of the measurements is ±0.05 mm. Because the ion energy at the surface of the absorber fluctuates with time, measurements with water are used to define this energy. Thus the ranges (or average stopping powers) in absorbers are obtained relative to those in water. Measured ranges Rm are compared with ranges R0 calculated with a current version of the Bethe theory. For light absorbers (atomic number Z < 20), differences between Rm and R0 are less than ±0.3 mm; for Z > 20 differences are between 0 and ±0.6 mm. This agreement between calculated and measured ranges confirms the value I = 80 eV for water measured earlier for protons. The ionization by nuclear fragments is obtained from the difference between measured and calculated ionization functions, and has little influence on the ranges of the primary ions.
Internet Addiction Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder are Not the Same

Over the last 15 years, research into various online addictions has greatly increased [1]. Alongside this, there have been scholarly debates about whether internet addiction really exists. Some may argue that because internet use does not involve the ingestion of a psychoactive substance, then it should not be considered a genuine addictive behavior. However, the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [2] re-classified ‘Gambling Disorder’ as an addiction disorder rather than a disorder of impulse control as it was in the past. The implications of this reclassification are potentially far-reaching. The most significant implication is that if an activity that does not involve the consumption of intoxicants (i.e., gambling) can be a genuine addiction accepted by the psychiatric and medical community, there is no theoretical reason as to why other problematic and habitual behaviors (e.g., shopping, work, exercise, sex, video gaming, etc.) cannot be classed as a bona fide addiction.
Targeting of cancer neoantigens with donor-derived T cell receptor repertoires

Outsourcing cancer immunotherapy Successful cancer immunotherapy depends on a patient's T cells recognizing tumor-specific mutations and then waging a lethal attack. Despite tumors harboring many mutations, most individuals have very few T cells that respond to these so-called “neo-antigens. ” Strønen et al. isolated T cells from healthy donors that responded to predicted neo-antigens expressed by melanomas taken from three patients, sometimes including neo-antigens that the patient's own T cells ignored (see the Perspective by Yadav and Delamarre). Testing whether such an outsourcing strategy could improve clinical outcomes will be an important next step. Science, this issue p. 1337; see also p. 1275 T cells from healthy human donors may be an important resource for outsourcing cancer immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that clinically efficacious cancer immunotherapies are driven by T cell reactivity against DNA mutation–derived neoantigens. However, among the large number of predicted neoantigens, only a minority is recognized by autologous patient T cells, and strategies to broaden neoantigen-specific T cell responses are therefore attractive. We found that naïve T cell repertoires of healthy blood donors provide a source of neoantigen-specific T cells, responding to 11 of 57 predicted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)– A*02:01–binding epitopes from three patients. Many of the T cell reactivities involved epitopes that in vivo were neglected by patient autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Finally, T cells redirected with T cell receptors identified from donor-derived T cells efficiently recognized patient-derived melanoma cells harboring the relevant mutations, providing a rationale for the use of such “outsourced” immune responses in cancer immunotherapy.
The representation of conspecific sounds in the auditory brainstem of teleost fishes

SUMMARY Temporal patterns of sounds are thought to be the most important carriers of acoustic information in teleost fishes. In order to investigate how conspecific sounds are processed by the auditory system, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) elicited by conspecific sounds were recorded in five species of teleosts. In the catfishes Platydoras costatus and Pimelodus pictus, the loach Botia modesta and the labyrinth fish Trichopsis vittata, all of which are hearing specialists, each pulse within the sounds elicited a separate brainwave that closely followed the temporal structure. The ABRs of P. costatus and B. modesta also represent amplitude patterns of conspecific sounds. By contrast, ABRs of the sunfish Lepomis gibbosus, a hearing non-specialist, consisted of long series of waves that could not be attributed to specific sound pulses. A more detailed analysis, however, indicated that each stimulus pulse contributed to the compound ABR waveform. Spectral analysis of low-pitched drumming sounds of P. pictus and corresponding ABRs showed peaks in the ABR spectra at the harmonics of the sound. Our results indicate that, besides temporal patterns, amplitude fluctuations and the frequency content of sounds can be represented in the auditory system and help the fish to extract important information for acoustic communication.
Forgiveness and Health: Assessing the Mediating Effect of Health Behavior, Social Support, and Interpersonal Functioning

ABSTRACT Religiousness and spirituality are important to most Americans and while beneficial associations between forgiveness and health are consistently observed, little is known regarding the mechanism of association. Cross-sectional multiple mediation-based analyses of associations between dimensions of forgiveness and physical and mental health were conducted using a sample of 363 undergraduate students from rural Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, education, ethnicity, and marital status) and lifetime religiousness, multivariable analyses reflected associations of forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others, but not feeling forgiven by God, with physical health status, somatic symptoms, mental health status, and psychological distress. All such associations operated through health behavior and/or social support; however, only in the context of forgiveness of self did such associations also operate through interpersonal functioning (problems). While forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others each appear to have a robust indirect relationship with health, mediation-based associations involving forgiveness of self were nearly twice as frequent. It may be that forgiveness of self is relatively more important to health-related outcomes.
Reproduction Mode in Hypericum and its Consequences

Several modes of reproduction were described in the genus Hypericum. Besides obligate sexuality, irregularities in meiosis, polyembryony and pseudogamous apomixis were noticed in various taxa of the genus. This review summarizes previous knowledge and also analyses evolutionary consequences of different breeding systems and possible employment of particular reproductive modes for breeding in the genus Hypericum. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Detection performances in radar sensor networks using LEACH and HEED

Clustering performances by low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering approach (HEED) are compared in radar sensor networks for the first time to the best of our knowledge. In the target detection performances, we also compare the constant threshold approach (CTH) with the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) approach for both LEACH and HEED. The optimal fusion rule is investigated based on fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations show that compared to LEACH, HEED not only prolongs the lifetime of ad-hoc RSN, but also improves target detection performances at moderate-to-high SNR for different CFARs.