Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Methylphenidate on Executive Functions in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on executive functions in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: The study included 30 children between the ages of 7 and 12 with the diagnosis of ADHD Combined subtype (ADHD-C) and 30 healthy children with no known history of psychiatric or medical conditions, who were age and sex-matched with the patient group. At the first interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Stroop Test-TBAG form (ST) were administered to all subjects. MPH treatment was initiated after the first interview in the ADHD-C group. One month later the WCST and ST were repeated in both groups. Results: It was found that children with ADHD-C gave more incorrect responses (p=0.02), completed fewer categories (p=0.02), and their percentage of conceptual level responses was lower than their healthy peers (p=0.02) in the first WCST. At the first ST administration, it was observed that children with ADHD-C took longer to complete the task of color naming (4th card) than the control group. After MPH treatment, children with ADHD-C had more responses to complete the first category (WCST) (p=0.03), and the interference score (ST) (p=0.02) was also lower than healthy children. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that children with ADHD-C showed lower performances on the WCST (perseveration) and ST (color naming) than healthy children. In addition MPH treatment resulted in improvements on the WCST (perseveration and conceptualization/reasoning) and ST (color naming and interferences effect) performances in the ADHD-C group. However, we also observed similar positive changes in healthy children, indicating that improved performances in these areas could be related to the practice effect and learning processes, in addition to the potential effects of MPH in children with ADHD-C.
The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes Both of these essential functions of the telomeres are

Both of these essential functions of the telomeres are Richard McElligott and intimately related to the DNA sequences and structures at Raymund J.Wellinger1 the chromosomal termini. Telomeric DNA of virtually all Dépt. de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, eukaryotic organisms consists of short, tandemly repeated Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12eme Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, sequences (Blackburn and Greider, 1995). The primary QC J1H 5N4, Canada sequence and organization of these repeats from many 1Corresponding author species are clearly related as the repeats usually contain clusters of three or more G residues and the strand In virtually all eukaryotic organisms, telomeric DNA containing these clusters, hereafter called the G-rich strand, is composed of a variable number of short direct always forms the 3 -end of the chromosome (Blackburn repeats. While the primary sequence of telomeric and Greider, 1995). The number of these repeats at repeats has been determined for a great variety of chromosomal ends varies greatly between different organspecies, the actual physical DNA structure at the ends isms and also between different telomeres of the same of a bona fide metazoan chromosome with a centromere organism. For all vertebrates, including humans, the repeat is unknown. It is shown here that an overhang of the is d(TTAGGG)n (Moyzis et al., 1988; Meyne et al., 1989) strand forming the 3 ends of the chromosomes, the and individual telomeres may contain a few kilobases G-rich strand, is found at mammalian chromosome (kb), such as in some transformed human cell lines, or up ends. Moreover, on at least some telomeres, the overto 100 kb, such as in some mouse cells, of the repeats hangs are ≥ 45 bases long. Such surprisingly long in double-stranded form (de Lange et al., 1990; Kipling overhangs were present on chromosomes derived from and Cooke, 1990; Starling et al., 1990). Most of this DNA fully transformed tissue culture cells and normal G0is organized in nucleosomes and only the most distal arrested peripheral leukocytes. Thus, irrespective of portion could be in a special, non-nucleosomal chromatin whether the cells were actively dividing or arrested, a conformation that may be analogous to the special structure very similar terminal DNA arrangement was found. found at yeast or Tetrahymena telomeres (Blackburn and These data suggest that the ends of mammalian and Chiou, 1981; Wright et al., 1992; Tommerup et al., 1994; possibly all vertebrate chromosomes consist of an Lejnine et al., 1995). overhang of the G-rich strand and that these overhangs However, virtually nothing is known about the actual may be considerably larger than previously anticipated. DNA configuration at the very ends of the chromosomes
Therapy of multidrug resistant human prostate tumors in the prostate of nude mice by simultaneous targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor on tumor‐associated endothelial cells

Inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF‐R) activation with AEE788 can decrease prostate cancer (CaP) growth/progression. We determined whether tumor cells or tumor‐associated endothelial cells were the primary target by treating multidrug‐resistant (MDR) CaP growing in the prostate of nude mice.
Vector Modulation Interaction in a Rapidly Spun Fiber

The vector modulation interaction is a degenerate four-wave mixing process in which a strong pump drives weak signal and idler sidebands, each of which has two polarization components. In this paper, the Jones-Stokes formalism is used to study the vector modulation interaction in a rapidly spun fiber. Comprehensive formulas are derived for the signal and idler eigenvectors, and the transfer functions for the associated eigenamplitudes, which are valid for arbitrary pump polarizations. Not only do these formulas describe the sideband evolution classically, they also enable the quantum-mechanical description of the sideband evolution in both the Heisenberg and Schrödinger pictures.
Momentum, Legal Systems and Ownership Structure: An Analysis of Asian Stock Markets

This paper examines momentum profits in eight Asian markets with a focus on ownership structure, legal systems and valuation uncertainty. The results indicate that momentum strategies, which buy past winners and sell past losers, are highly profitable when implemented on Asian stock markets outside Japan. Interestingly, the common law/civil law distinction provides a perfect indicator of whether or not a market exhibited a momentum effect prior to the financial crisis. Consistent with the previous findings in the U.S., we document that the momentum effect is relatively stronger for firms with smaller market capitalizations, lower book-to-market ratios, and higher turnover ratios. In addition, we document that the momentum effect is stronger for independent firms than for group-affiliated firms and present weak evidence that suggests that foreign ownership can influence the momentum effect in Japanese firms. We also find return reversals around nine or ten months after the portfolio formation date, which supports the prediction of some behavioral models.
Morphological Discrimination of Two Genetic Groups of a Japanese Salamander, Hynobius naevius (Amphibia, Caudata)

Abstract Hynobius naevius, distributed on western Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu Islands of Japan, includes two genetically distinct groups (Groups A and B) that have never been delimited morphologically. Using specimens from the entire species range, we investigated the possibility of distinguishing these groups morphologically. Multivariate analyses of morphometric characters resulted in recognition of two groups that corresponded well to the two genetic groups. One (Group A) was characterized by larger body, compressed tail, shallower vomerine tooth series, bluish- or reddish-purple ground color, and pale-white lateral markings. In contrast, another (Group B) was characterized by smaller body, cylindrical tail, longer vomerine tooth series, reddish-brown ground color, and white lateral markings. Group A was composed of populations from the Chugoku District of Honshu and northern Kyushu, and could not be divided into subgroups, while Group B encompassed populations from the Chubu and Kinki Districts of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and was subdivided into three local subgroups that are geographically separated by marine straits. Morphometric differentiation in Group A is presumed to have been less affected by genetic factors than by other factors, such as ecological relationships with other, coexisting species. Differentiation in Group B is assumed to have been enhanced not only by genetic but also by climatological factors.
Infrequent K-ras codon 12 mutation in serrated adenomas of human colorectum

Background—Serrated adenoma is a new morphological subtype of colorectal adenoma. The lesion provides a distinct morphological route to carcinoma, but the underlying genetic changes have not yet been investigated. Aims—To determine the frequency of K-ras mutation in serrated adenoma. Methods—The frequency of K-ras codon 12 point mutation in 20 serrated adenomas, five atypical hyperplastic polyps, and 58 sporadic polypoid adenomas was investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results—Although most of the serrated adenomas were large (average size 11.4 mm) and polypoid, K-rascodon 12 point mutation was detected in only one of the 20 (5%), which is a significantly lower frequency than that in sporadic polypoid adenomas (18/60; 30%) (p = 0.017). No mutation was detected in the atypical hyperplastic polyps. Three of 20 (15%) serrated adenomas contained a focus of carcinoma in situ, indicating their malignant potential and the existence of a serrated adenoma-carcinoma sequence, but no mutation was detected in the foci of carcinoma in situ. Conclusions—K-ras mutation is uncommon in serrated adenomas, indicating a different spectrum of genetic alterations in these lesions from those in typical polypoid sporadic adenomas. This subtype of colorectal adenoma represents a new genetic pathway in the histogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.
Another method for categorization of development during the circumpubertal ages is the appraisal of dental stages

Introduction: In this large cross-sectional study, we aimed to analyze growth trends in white subjects with Class III malocclusion using both skeletal and dental maturation staging. Methods: The sample consisted of 1091 pretreatment lateral cephalometric records of Class III patients (560 female, 531 male). Cephalometric dentoskeletal measurements were compared at subsequent stages in cervical vertebral maturation and Hellman’s categorization of dental development by means of ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests in both sexes separately. Results: The findings indicated that, in Class III malocclusion, the pubertal peak in mandibular growth occurs between stages 3 and 4 of cervical vertebral maturation, with average increases in total mandibular length of about 8 and 5.5 mm in Class III boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: Significant changes in total mandibular length occur until young adulthood (18 years on average), with increases between late maturation stages (4 through 6) that were twice as large as in subjects with normal occlusion for the Class III females, and 3 times as large as in subjects with normal occlusion for the Class III males. Growth trends toward accentuated Class III profile and increased vertical dimension of the face also become apparent at late developmental stages (corresponding with complete eruption of the second and third molars). (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:171-8)
User right as a mezzanine capital investment: Innovations in infrastructure debt financing

Bank-led infrastructure financing in India has subsided in a reflection of the micro-prudential risks faced by banks. Bond-based financing is constrained by an incomplete bond market. Foreign borrowing is particularly inappropriate as it forces currency mismatch upon infrastructure projects. In the search for innovative methods of infrastructure financing this paper introduces the possibility of "User right" as one component of infrastructure financing. The key insight is to harness users, from amongst the universe of investors, as financiers with a high yield tradeable debt instrument that derives its value from a rebate on user charges. Liquidity would come about through trading at exchanges, which would yield a liquidity premium. Users as bond-holders would have the incentive to perform monitoring functions, which would enhance accountability. Public interest vested in public infrastructure may improve existing institutional mechanism.
Distinct roles of individual Smads in skin carcinogenesis

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has both tumor suppression and promotion roles. Smads are transcription factors that primarily mediate intracellular signaling for the TGFβ superfamily. Loss of Smad2 and Smad4, but not Smad3 is common in human cancers. Given the complex nature of TGFβ signaling, dissection of the distinct role of each Smad in mediating the multiple functions of TGFβ signaling is warranted. To further analyze Smad deregulation during carcinogenesis, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 were genetically modified in murine epidermis, and each alteration resulted in distinct skin phenotypes. Based on data from human cancer samples and from experimental models, Smad2 and Smad4 mainly function as tumor suppressors in skin carcinogenesis in vivo, whereas Smad3 and Smad7 may have dual roles in cancer. This review intends to summarize recent advances in the elucidation of the roles of Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 in skin carcinogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Community-acquired invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by a K1 serotype Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in Brazil: a case report of hypervirulent ST23.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains can cause invasive liver abscess syndrome, which is characterised by liver abscess with extrahepatic complications including central nervous system involvement, necrotising fasciitis or endophthalmitis (Siu et al. 2012). hvKP was first reported in Taiwan in 1985 and, since then, infections caused by hvKP have been described in several parts of the world, with many cases reported in Southeast Asia (Li et al. 2014). In the Americas, invasive liver abscess syndrome has been reported in the United States of America, Canada and Argentina (Siu et al. 2012). However, this strain has not been previously reported in Brazil. Recently, a 57-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted to the emergency department with a history of fever, nausea, vomiting and mental confusion for five days. On the day of admission, she was comatose, icteric and had a poor general appearance. Her temperature was 37.8°C and her blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate were 110/60 mmHg, 96 beats/min and 48 breaths/min, respectively. Respiratory and cardiovascular auscultations were normal; however, a neurological examination revealed neck rigidity. Bacterial meningitis was suspected and ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12 h was empirically prescribed after performing a diagnostic lumbar puncture. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was xanthochromic and showed glucose 0.0 mg/dL, protein 485 mg/dL and 8,640 cells/mm3 (8,121 neutrophils/ mm3 and 259 lymphocytes/mm3). Direct examination
The two faces of Janus kinases and their respective STATs in mammary gland development and cancer

Since its discovery as “just another kinase” more than twenty years ago, the family of JAK tyrosine kinases and their respective Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) has been a center of attention in the areas of signal transduction, development, and cancer. The subsequent designation of JAKs as Janus kinases after the mythical two-faced Roman God of the doorways accurately portrays the analogous and sometimes contrasting molecular and biological characteristics of these tyrosine kinases. The two “faces” of JAKs are their structurally similar kinase and pseudo-kinase domains. As essential parts of various transmembrane receptor complexes, these tyrosine kinases function at cellular gateways and relay signals from growth factors to their respective intracellular targets. The multifaceted nature of JAKs becomes evident from their ability to activate specific STATs during distinct phases of normal mammary gland development. Studies in breast cancer cells and genetically engineered mouse models also show that JAK/STAT signaling possesses a "two-faced" role during breast cancer initiation and progression. This review will highlight recent findings about important biological functions of JAKs and STATs during normal mammogenesis, with particular emphasis on the Jak2/Stat5 pathway as well as Jak1/2/Stat3 signaling complexes. In addition, we will discuss how the importance of these signaling networks changes during carcinogenesis. With JAK inhibitors currently under development to treat myeloproliferative disorders, determining the essential functions of JAKs at particular stages of disease initiation and progression is of critical importance to predict the efficacy of these agents for targeted therapies against breast cancer.
The Applications and Summary of Panoramic Modeling

Full view panorama of a 3D scene has become popular in building virtual reality system, and also has other applications in visualization. Which has view of the characteristics of convenience by the increasingly widespread concern for the real world to provide full 360 degree scene information, which has been widely applied in various fields. The paper is focused on the research, applications and summary of panoramic modeling, it gives an analysis of panoramic imaging technology and image projection, and then introduces the panoramic image acquisition, then analysis panoramic three-dimensional modeling last gives the conclusions.
Dipole moments of trans- and cis-(4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM): obtaining the right conformer for the right reason.

Accurate computational estimates of fundamental physical properties can be used as inputs in the myriad of extant models employed to predict toxicity, transport, and fate of contaminants. However, as molecular complexity of contaminants increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the magnitude of the errors introduced by ignoring the 3D conformational space averaging within group-additivity and semi-empirical approaches. The importance of considering 3D molecular structure is exemplified for the dipole moments of cis and trans isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM). When 10 000 gallons of 4-MCHM was spilled into the Elk River in January 2014, a lack of toxicological data and environmental partitioning coefficients hindered the immediate protection of human health and the local water supply in West Virginia, USA. Post-spill analysis of the contaminants suggested that the cis and trans isomers had observably different partitioning coefficients and solubility, and thus differing environmental fates. Obtaining high-quality dipole moments using ab initio quantum chemical methods for the isomeric pair was crucial in validating their experimental differences in solubility [Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. , 2015, 2, 127]. The use of first principles electronic structure theory is further explored here to obtain accurate conformer relative energies and dipole moments of cis- and trans-4-MCHM. Overall, the MP2 aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory affords the best balance between accuracy and computational cost.
Invariant encoding schemes for visual recognition

Many encoding schemes, such as the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), make use of templates of histograms to enable a loose encoding of the spatial position of basic features such as oriented gradients. Whilst such schemes have been successfully applied, the use of a template may limit the potential as it forces the histograms to conform to a rigid spatial arrangement. In this work we look at developing novel schemes making use of histograms, without the need for a template, which offer good levels of performance in visual recognition tasks. To do this, we look at the way the basic feature type changes across scale at individual locations. This gives rise to the notion of column features, which capture this change across scale by concatenating feature types at a given scale separation. As well as applying this idea to oriented gradients, we make wide use of Basic Image Features (BIFs) and oriented Basic Image Features (oBIFs) which encode local symmetry information. This resulted in a range of encoding schemes. We then tested these schemes on problems of current interest in three application areas. First, the recognition of characters taken from natural images, where our system outperformed existing methods. For the second area we selected a texture problem, involving the discrimination of quartz grains using surface texture, where the system achieved near perfect performance on the first task, and a level of performance comparable to an expert human on the second. In the third area, writer identification, the system achieved a perfect score and outperformed other methods when tested using the Arabic handwriting dataset as part of the ICDAR 2011 Competition.
Modeling Microbial Growth Within Food Safety Risk Assessments

Risk estimates for food‐borne infection will usually depend heavily on numbers of microorganisms present on the food at the time of consumption. As these data are seldom available directly, attention has turned to predictive microbiology as a means of inferring exposure at consumption. Codex guidelines recommend that microbiological risk assessment should explicitly consider the dynamics of microbiological growth, survival, and death in foods. This article describes predictive models and resources for modeling microbial growth in foods, and their utility and limitations in food safety risk assessment. We also aim to identify tools, data, and knowledge sources, and to provide an understanding of the microbial ecology of foods so that users can recognize model limits, avoid modeling unrealistic scenarios, and thus be able to appreciate the levels of confidence they can have in the outputs of predictive microbiology models. The microbial ecology of foods is complex. Developing reliable risk assessments involving microbial growth in foods will require the skills of both microbial ecologists and mathematical modelers. Simplifying assumptions will need to be made, but because of the potential for apparently small errors in growth rate to translate into very large errors in the estimate of risk, the validity of those assumptions should be carefully assessed. Quantitative estimates of absolute microbial risk within narrow confidence intervals do not yet appear to be possible. Nevertheless, the expression of microbial ecology knowledge in “predictive microbiology” models does allow decision support using the tools of risk assessment.