Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Association Rule Mining Approach to Identification ofImplicit Product Aspects

With the rapid development of Web 2.0, there has emerged a large number of product reviews written by users with their subjective views on online community, blog and e-commerce website. In product reviews, users are mostly concerned about the comments on a certain aspect or feature of the product, so the fine-grained opinion mining on product aspects is the current research focus. The early researches in this field focused primarily on explicit aspects but neglected implicit aspects. However, the implicit aspects expressed implicitly by a few words or phrases are of equally great impor- tance and also can express the user's opinions and help us better understand user's comments. The identification of im- plicit aspect in product review text is a very challenging but significant subtask for opinion mining. This paper focus on identification of implicit aspects in product reviews. Aiming at deficiencies of previous works, this paper presents a novel association rule set mining approach that considers not only adjectives as indicator for the task, which integrates the im- proved collocation extraction algorithm with the topic model approach, and extracts reasonable and effective association rules from product review corpus as much as possible through the two complementary approaches, thereby enhancing the effect of identifying implicit aspects. Experiments show that the presented method is effective, and in the case that the precision does not reduce, the overall performance improves by about several percents compared to the baseline approach.
Comparison of Cyclosporlne Blood Concentrations Measured by Radloimmunoassay and Two Nonleotopic lmmunoaseaye Using Monocional Antibodies

Some suppliers offer kits to isOlate mRNA for amplification without mention of the need for previous DNASe treatment of the samples. Many authom of research papers also omit this treatment [and (or) negative controls] when using such techniques We tested various kits and procedures to determine the DNA contamination in the mRNA preparations. For this we propared human lymphocytes by using Lymphopreptm (Nycomed as Diagnosflea, Oslo, Norway). The methods we assessed were those of (a) Chirgwin et al. (1), (b) Higuchi (2), (c) Quick-prep”’ mRNA kit purchased from Pharmacia (Upa, Sweden), and (d) RNAgents”’ Total RNA Isolation kit purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). The concentration and purity ofthe RNAs were determined by spectrophotometzy A/A ratio of 1.8-2). To study the possible contamination by DNA, we measured the fluorescence of the samples stained with Hoechst 33258 (Hoofer Scientific Instruments, San Francisco, CA). All showed undetectable DNA (<10 g/L), except sample d. RNA amplification was carried out with the commercial primers DM151 (5’-GTCTCTGAATCAGAAATCCTTCTATC-3’) and DM152 (5’-CATGTCAAATTTCACTGCTTCATCC-3’), which amplify a 420-bp sequence from IL-la mRNA (3); IL-la mENA was used as control template (purchased from Perkin-Elmer Cetus Corp., Norwalk, CT). The negative controls were positive either in the amplification or reamplification assays (negative controls were done as a DNA amplification for RNA samples). Only when the RNA samples were treated with DNASe did negative controls stay negative. These results suggest that even a final oligo(dT) affinity-coluinn purification of mRNA cannot provide mRNA of sufficient purity for direct RNA amplification without a previous DNASe treatment. In conclusion, we believe that RNA amplification procedures must include DNASe pretreatment even when DNA isundetectable.
A commitment-based scheme for securing Vandermonde codes against pollution attacks

Forward Error Correction (FEC) allows the receiver to correct erasure without asking retransmission. This advantage is significant for several applications where retransmission is not available or desirable. In recent years, applying FEC codes to Peer-to-peer data distribution networks is an innovation. In this way, the downloader can efficiently reconstruct the data from the encoding symbols multicasted from multiple distributors. However, FEC codes suffer from pollution attacks where the attackers corrupt some encoding symbols such that the data can not correctly be reconstructed. Although Krohn et al. propose a homomorphic hash based verification scheme, the scheme is specifically designed for Fountain codes and the variants. That is, the scheme can not apply to other FEC codes and suffers from another specific attacks, distribution attacks. Thus, in this paper we propose a new verification scheme for polynomial based FEC codes like Vandermonde codes. The scheme can defend against not only pollution attacks but distribution attacks. The analysis also shows the security and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Programming matrix algorithms-by-blocks for thread-level parallelism

With the emergence of thread-level parallelism as the primary means for continued performance improvement, the programmability issue has reemerged as an obstacle to the use of architectural advances. We argue that evolving legacy libraries for dense and banded linear algebra is not a viable solution due to constraints imposed by early design decisions. We propose a philosophy of abstraction and separation of concerns that provides a promising solution in this problem domain. The first abstraction, FLASH, allows algorithms to express computation with matrices consisting of contiguous blocks, facilitating algorithms-by-blocks. Operand descriptions are registered for a particular operation a priori by the library implementor. A runtime system, SuperMatrix, uses this information to identify data dependencies between suboperations, allowing them to be scheduled to threads out-of-order and executed in parallel. But not all classical algorithms in linear algebra lend themselves to conversion to algorithms-by-blocks. We show how our recently proposed LU factorization with incremental pivoting and a closely related algorithm-by-blocks for the QR factorization, both originally designed for out-of-core computation, overcome this difficulty. Anecdotal evidence regarding the development of routines with a core functionality demonstrates how the methodology supports high productivity while experimental results suggest that high performance is abundantly achievable.
Discovering top-k teams of experts with/without a leader in social networks

We study the problem of discovering a team of experts from a social network. Given a project whose completion requires a set of skills, our goal is to find a set of experts that together have all of the required skills and also have the minimal communication cost among them. We propose two communication cost functions designed for two types of communication structures. We show that the problem of finding the team of experts that minimizes one of the proposed cost functions is NP-hard. Thus, an approximation algorithm with an approximation ratio of two is designed. We introduce the problem of finding a team of experts with a leader. The leader is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the project, and thus a different communication cost function is used in this problem. To solve this problem, an exact polynomial algorithm is proposed. We show that the total number of teams may be exponential with respect to the number of required skills. Thus, two procedures that produce top-k teams of experts with or without a leader in polynomial delay are proposed. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed methods.
DETECTION OF THE SECOND r-PROCESS PEAK ELEMENT TELLURIUM IN METAL-POOR STARS,

Using near-ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we detect neutral tellurium in three metal-poor stars enriched by products of r-process nucleosynthesis, BD +17 3248, HD 108317, and HD 128279. Tellurium (Te, Z = 52) is found at the second r-process peak (A ≈ 130) associated with the N = 82 neutron shell closure, and it has not been detected previously in Galactic halo stars. The derived tellurium abundances match the scaled solar system r-process distribution within the uncertainties, confirming the predicted second peak r-process residuals. These results suggest that tellurium is predominantly produced in the main component of the r-process, along with the rare earth elements.
Energy savings in HVAC systems using discrete model-based predictive control

The paper addresses the problem of controlling an heating ventilating and air conditioning system with the purpose of achieving a desired thermal comfort level and energy savings. The formulation uses the thermal comfort as a restriction and minimises the energy spent to comply with it. This results in the maintenance of thermal comfort and on the minimisation of energy, which in most operating conditions are conflicting goals requiring some sort of optimisation method to find appropriate solutions over time. In this work a discrete model based predictive control methodology is applied to the problem. It consists of three major components: the predictive models, implemented by radial basis function neural networks identified by means of a multi-objective genetic algorithm; the cost function that will be optimised to minimise energy consumption and provide adequate thermal comfort; and finally the optimisation method, in this case a discrete branch and bound approach. Each component will be described, and experimental results obtained within a classroom will be presented, demonstrating the feasibility and performance of the approach. Finally the energy savings resulting from the application of the method are estimated.
Quantification of Viral Inactivation by Photochemical Treatment with Amotosalen and UV A Light, Using a Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Inhibition Method with Preamplification

Abstract Background. In evaluating a photochemical treatment process for inactivating parvovirus B19, there lacked simple culture methods to measure infectivity. The recently developed enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISpot) infectivity assay uses late‐stage erythropoietic progenitor cells and is labor intensive and time consuming. We evaluated a novel, efficient polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibition assay and examined correlations with reductions in infectivity. Methods. Contaminated plasma was treated with 150 μmol/L amotosalen and 3 J/cm2 ultraviolet A light and then tested for DNA modification using conventional PCR inhibition and a novel preamplification approach. The novel assay subjected the samples to preamplification cycles using long‐template PCR, followed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) inhibition detection. Both approaches were tested for correlations with reductions in viral infectivity by comparing ELISpot assay results of identical samples. Results. The B19 preamplification inhibition assay showed detection ranges of 2–2.5 log and demonstrated quantitative correlation with up to a 5.8‐log reduction in viral infectivity in ELISpot results. Conventional PCR detected a >5 log reduction in amplification, correlated with a 4.4‐log reduction in viral infectivity. A range of 4‐log inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA amplification was also achieved. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that a novel preamplification QPCR assay is a useful tool for predicting reductions in infectivity after photochemical treatment. This assay was extended to show utility in circumstances where practical in vitro assays are unavailable for the determination of the efficacy of pathogen inactivation.
Contextual and dimensional relevance judgments for reusable SERP-level evaluation

Document-level relevance judgments are a major component in the calculation of effectiveness metrics. Collecting high-quality judgments is therefore a critical step in information retrieval evaluation. However, the nature of and the assumptions underlying relevance judgment collection have not received much attention. In particular, relevance judgments are typically collected for each document in isolation, although users read each document in the context of other documents. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of relevance judgment collection. We collect relevance labels in both isolated and conditional setting, and ask for judgments in various dimensions of relevance as well as overall relevance. Then we compare the relevance metrics based on various types of judgments with other metrics of quality such as user preference. Our analyses illuminate how these settings for judgment collection affect the quality and the characteristics of the judgments. We also find that the metrics based on conditional judgments show higher correlation with user preference than isolated judgments.
A Secure and Scalable Internet Routing Architecture (SIRA)

Today’s Internet routing architecture faces many challenges, ranging from scaling problems, security threats, poor fault diagnosis to inadequate support for trac engineering and customer multihoming. By analyzing these challenges and learning lessons from previously proposed solutions, we gain two fundamental insights for designing a secure and scalable routing architecture: cutting a clear boundary between customer networks and transit providers, and embedding essential information in the address structure. We propose the Secure and Scalable Internet Routing Architecture (SIRA), a clean-slate design that separates provider networks from customer networks and embeds organization and location information in address structure. The resulting system provides dramatic improvements in scalability, security, fault diagnosis, and multihoming and trac engineering support.
Controller design for inverted pendulum system using discrete sliding mode control

This paper presents discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) for nonlinear model of an inverted pendulum system. The reaching law method is used during the DSMC design. The uncertainties are structured in that system by considering the existence of an error during the pendulum angle measurement. The designed controller is compared with Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller to observe the capability for controlling the highly nonlinear system of the inverted pendulum. The performance and reliability of the proposed algorithm are determined by performing extensive simulation works using MATLAB/Simulink platform. The result shows that DSMC can produce better response as compared to LQR control strategy.
Cell-Specific Activity-Dependent Fractionation of Layer 2/3→5B Excitatory Signaling in Mouse Auditory Cortex

Auditory cortex (AC) layer 5B (L5B) contains both corticocollicular neurons, a type of pyramidal-tract neuron projecting to the inferior colliculus, and corticocallosal neurons, a type of intratelencephalic neuron projecting to contralateral AC. Although it is known that these neuronal types have distinct roles in auditory processing and different response properties to sound, the synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms shaping their input–output functions remain less understood. Here, we recorded in brain slices of mouse AC from retrogradely labeled corticocollicular and neighboring corticocallosal neurons in L5B. Corticocollicular neurons had, on average, lower input resistance, greater hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih), depolarized resting membrane potential, faster action potentials, initial spike doublets, and less spike-frequency adaptation. In paired recordings between single L2/3 and labeled L5B neurons, the probabilities of connection, amplitude, latency, rise time, and decay time constant of the unitary EPSC were not different for L2/3→corticocollicular and L2/3→corticocallosal connections. However, short trains of unitary EPSCs showed no synaptic depression in L2/3→corticocollicular connections, but substantial depression in L2/3→corticocallosal connections. Synaptic potentials in L2/3→corticocollicular connections decayed faster and showed less temporal summation, consistent with increased Ih in corticocollicular neurons, whereas synaptic potentials in L2/3→corticocallosal connections showed more temporal summation. Extracellular L2/3 stimulation at two different rates resulted in spiking in L5B neurons; for corticocallosal neurons the spike rate was frequency dependent, but for corticocollicular neurons it was not. Together, these findings identify cell-specific intrinsic and synaptic mechanisms that divide intracortical synaptic excitation from L2/3 to L5B into two functionally distinct pathways with different input–output functions.
Robots for Environmental Monitoring: Significant Advancements and Applications

Robotic systems are increasingly being utilized as fundamental data-gathering tools by scientists, allowing new perspectives and a greater understanding of the planet and its environmental processes. Today's robots are already exploring our deep oceans, tracking harmful algal blooms and pollution spread, monitoring climate variables, and even studying remote volcanoes. This article collates and discusses the significant advancements and applications of marine, terrestrial, and airborne robotic systems developed for environmental monitoring during the last two decades. Emerging research trends for achieving large-scale environmental monitoring are also reviewed, including cooperative robotic teams, robot and wireless sensor network (WSN) interaction, adaptive sampling and model-aided path planning. These trends offer efficient and precise measurement of environmental processes at unprecedented scales that will push the frontiers of robotic and natural sciences.
Improving link reliability through network coding in cooperative cellular networks

The paper proposes a XOR-based network coded cooperation protocol for the uplink transmission of relay assisted cellular networks and an algorithm for selection and assignment of the relay nodes. The perfor- mances of the cooperation protocol are expressed in terms of network decoder outage probability and Block Error Rate of the cooperating users. These performance indi- cators are analyzed theoretically and by computer simulations. The relay nodes assignment is based on the optimization, according to several criteria, of the graph that describes the cooperation cluster formed after an initial selection of the relay nodes. The graph optimization is performed using Genetic Algorithms adapted to the topology of the cooperation cluster and the optimization criteria considered.
Different Functions of Phylogenetically Distinct Bacterial Complex I Isozymes

ABSTRACT NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is a bioenergetic enzyme that transfers electrons from NADH to quinone, conserving the energy of this reaction by contributing to the proton motive force. While the importance of NADH oxidation to mitochondrial aerobic respiration is well documented, the contribution of complex I to bacterial electron transport chains has been tested in only a few species. Here, we analyze the function of two phylogenetically distinct complex I isozymes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, an alphaproteobacterium that contains well-characterized electron transport chains. We found that R. sphaeroides complex I activity is important for aerobic respiration and required for anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) respiration (in the absence of light), photoautotrophic growth, and photoheterotrophic growth (in the absence of an external electron acceptor). Our data also provide insight into the functions of the phylogenetically distinct R. sphaeroides complex I enzymes (complex IA and complex IE) in maintaining a cellular redox state during photoheterotrophic growth. We propose that the function of each isozyme during photoheterotrophic growth is either NADH synthesis (complex IA) or NADH oxidation (complex IE). The canonical alphaproteobacterial complex I isozyme (complex IA) was also shown to be important for routing electrons to nitrogenase-mediated H2 production, while the horizontally acquired enzyme (complex IE) was dispensable in this process. Unlike the singular role of complex I in mitochondria, we predict that the phylogenetically distinct complex I enzymes found across bacterial species have evolved to enhance the functions of their respective electron transport chains. IMPORTANCE Cells use a proton motive force (PMF), NADH, and ATP to support numerous processes. In mitochondria, complex I uses NADH oxidation to generate a PMF, which can drive ATP synthesis. This study analyzed the function of complex I in bacteria, which contain more-diverse and more-flexible electron transport chains than mitochondria. We tested complex I function in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a bacterium predicted to encode two phylogenetically distinct complex I isozymes. R. sphaeroides cells lacking both isozymes had growth defects during all tested modes of growth, illustrating the important function of this enzyme under diverse conditions. We conclude that the two isozymes are not functionally redundant and predict that phylogenetically distinct complex I enzymes have evolved to support the diverse lifestyles of bacteria.
Non-Gaussian Statistical Timing models of die-to-die and within-die parameter variations for full chip analysis

Statistical timing analysis (SSTA) is a method that calculates circuit delay statistically with process parameter variations, die-to-die (D2D) and within-die (WID) variations. In this paper, we model that WID parameter variations are independent for each cell and line in a chip and D2D variations are governed by one variation on a chip. We propose a new method of computing a full chip delay distribution considering both D2D and WID parameter variations. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than previous methods on actual chip designs.
A Nuanced Look at Women in STEM Fields at Two-Year Colleges: Factors That Shape Female Students' Transfer Intent

In this study, we explored the relationship between the intent to transfer upward and a set of motivational, contextual, and socio-demographic background factors among 696 female students beginning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs or courses at two-year colleges in a Midwestern state. Drawing upon survey data and administrative records, our multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that students' math and science self-efficacy beliefs, as well as transfer-oriented interaction, were significant and positive predictors for their intent to transfer into STEM fields as opposed to having no intent to transfer. In addition, the association between transfer intent and these key motivational and contextual factors was moderated by students' racial/ethnic backgrounds, marital status, and childcare obligations. For example, despite the positive relationship between transfer-oriented interaction and the intention to transfer into STEM fields, Black women were less likely to have intent to transfer into STEM fields than White students until Black students reported a moderate level of transfer-oriented interaction. Conversely, Hispanic students were more likely to report intent to transfer into STEM fields than their White peers, even when Hispanic students reported a relatively low level of engagement in transfer-oriented interaction. These and other reported findings bear important and nuanced implications as policymakers, educators, and researchers continue to discover ways to better support women's educational pathways and success in STEM fields at and through two-year colleges.