Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Block Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Uptake in Rat Brain Membranes

We recently found evidence for anatomic and physical linkages between the astroglial Na+-dependent glutamate transporters (GLT-1/EAAT2 and GLAST/EAAT1) and mitochondria. In these same studies, we found that the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) inhibitor, epigallocatechin-monogallate (EGCG), inhibits both glutamate oxidation and Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in astrocytes. In the present study, we extend this finding by exploring the effects of EGCG on Na+-dependent l-[3H]-glutamate (Glu) uptake in crude membranes (P2) prepared from rat brain cortex. In this preparation, uptake is almost exclusively mediated by GLT-1. EGCG inhibited l-[3H]-Glu uptake in cortical membranes with an IC50 value of 230 μM. We also studied the effects of two additional inhibitors of GDH, hexachlorophene (HCP) and bithionol (BTH). Both of these compounds also caused concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamate uptake in cortical membranes. Pre-incubating with HCP for up to 15 min had no greater effect than that observed with no pre-incubation, showing that the effects occur rapidly. HCP decreased the Vmax for glutamate uptake without changing the Km, consistent with a non-competitive mechanism of action. EGCG, HCP, and BTH also inhibited Na+-dependent transport of d-[3H]-aspartate (Asp), a non-metabolizable transporter substrate, and [3H]-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In contrast to the forebrain, glutamate uptake in crude cerebellar membranes (P2) is likely mediated by GLAST (EAAT1). Therefore, the effects of these compounds were examined in cerebellar membranes. In this region, none of these compounds had any effect on uptake of either l-[3H]-Glu or d-[3H]-Asp, but they all inhibited [3H]-GABA uptake. Together these studies suggest that GDH is preferentially required for glutamate uptake in forebrain as compared to cerebellum, and GDH may be required for GABA uptake as well. They also provide further evidence for a functional linkage between glutamate transport and mitochondria.
The Influence of Job Factors in the Introduction of Rest Breaks for Intensive Data Entry Work

The study examined the relationships that psychosocial factors of work, psychological state, and personal factors had on musculoskeletal discomfort for intensive data entry work. A unique feature of this study was that the factors were measured at two locations which were implementing a new restbreak schedule. This schedule provided five minute hourly breaks in addition to two midshift breaks and a lunch break. Results indicated that psychological mood had a direct influence on musculoskeletal discomfort and that psychosocial aspects of work were more of an indirect influence on discomfort. These findings suggest tentative support for theoretical models of working conditions and health proposed by Smith and Carayon (1996) and Sauter and Swanson (1996). The results highlight the importance of psychosocial aspects of work on psychological mood state in a very narrowly defined data entry task performed uniformly by the employees. This may suggest that future intervention research needs to take into account the characteristics of the working environment and how they relate to employee health.
Object classification from RGB-D images using depth context kernel descriptors

Context cue is important in object classification. By embedding the depth context cue of image attributes into kernel descriptors, we propose a new set of depth image descriptors called depth context kernel descriptors (DCKD) for RGB-D based object classification. The motivation of DCKD is to use the depth consistency of image attributes defined within a neighboring region to improve the robustness of descriptor matching in the kernel space. Moreover, a novel joint spatial-depth pooling (JSDP) scheme, which further partitions image sub-regions using the depth cue and pools features in both 2D image plane and the depth direction, is developed to take full advantage of the available depth information. By embedding DCKD and JSDP into the standard object classification pipeline, we achieve superior performance to state-of-the-art methods on RGB-D benchmarks for object classification and scene recognition.
Evidence and implications

www.landesbioscience. com Communicative & Integrative Biology 315Communicative & Integrative Biology 4:3, 315-317; May/June 2011; ©2011 Landes BioscienceartICLe addendu MAddendum to: Russon A, Andrews K. Orangutan pantomime: Elaborating the message. Biol Letters 2010; 7:627-30; PMID: 20702451; DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010. 0564.
The arterial baroreceptor reflex of the rat exhibits positive feedback properties at the frequency of Mayer waves

1 Modelling studies have led to the proposal that Mayer waves (∼0.4 Hz in rats) could result from a resonance phenomenon in a feedback control loop. In this study, we investigated the presence of a resonance frequency in the arterial baroreceptor reflex loop, i.e. a particular frequency at which arterial pressure feeds back positively to the baroreceptors. 2 Frequency responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation were studied in fifteen urethane anaesthetized, ventilated rats with cardiac autonomic blockade. The ADN was stimulated using rectangular trains of impulses (2 ms, 100 Hz) delivered at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 1 Hz. Phase angles between impulses and MAP were calculated using cross‐spectral analysis based on a fast Fourier transform algorithm. 3 Rhythmic ADN stimulation induced regular MAP oscillations at the expected frequencies that were attenuated by α‐adrenoceptor blockade and abolished after ganglionic blockade. The relationship between impulse and MAP oscillations was characterized by a strong coherence and a positive phase shift at low frequencies, indicating that impulses led MAP with respect to the out‐of‐phase pattern. Deviation of the phase from the out‐of‐phase behaviour was mainly due to the presence of a fixed time delay (∼0.8 s) between ADN stimuli and MAP changes. Phase angles fell to zero at 0.42 ± 0.02 Hz. 4 In rats, the arterial baroreceptor reflex exhibits a resonance frequency close to the frequency of spontaneously occurring Mayer waves. The reflex therefore seems the most likely origin for the Mayer waves.
THE LYSIS OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI BY EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES OF STREPTOMYCES ALBUS

The lysis of group A hemolytic streptococci by extracellular enzymes of Streptomyces albus has been studied. The most favorable material for fractionation of the lytic enzymes was obtained by surface growth on shallow layers of liquid medium containing an acid hydrolysate of casein, glucose, and salts. The results of fractionation experiments show that the potent proetolytic enzyme of Streptomyces albus is not able to lyse group A streptococci, and that the initiation of lysis is dependent upon the action of a second, non-proteolytic enzyme. The nature of the non-proteolytic enzyme has not been determined. It does not appear to be a ribonuclease or a lysozyme-like enzyme.
Öğretme Motivasyonu Ölçeği?ni Türkçe?ye Uyarlama Çalışması

Bu calismanin amaci, Kauffman, Yilmaz Soylu ve Duke (2011) tarafindan gelistirilen Ogretme Motivasyonu Olcegi’nin (OMO) Turkiye’deki ogretmen adaylari ornekleminde gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalarini yapmaktir. Genel tarama modelindeki arastimanin calisma grubunu Marmara bolgesinde bir universitenin egitim fakultesinde okuyan 342 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Alan ve dil uzmanlarinin katkisiyla Turkce’ye cevrilen olcegin Ingilizce formuyla korelasyonunun . 84 oldugu belirlenmistir. Olcegin yapi gecerligini analiz etmek amaciyla AMOS 21.0 programi kullanilmistir. Yapilan dogrulayici faktor analizi sonucunda olcegin 2 boyut ve 12 maddeden olusan yapisinin aynen korundugu gorulmustur. Olcegin Cronbach Alpha ic tutarlilik katsayisi . 92 olarak bulunmustur ( X 2 = 136.086 (sd= 44 p= .00), X 2 /sd =3.10 , RMSEA =0.08, NFI= 0.92 , CFI= 0.94 , - GFI= 0.94 , - AGFI = 0.89). Yapilan bu calisma sonucunda Ogretme Motivasyonu Olcegi’nin (OMO) Turkiye kosullarinda guvenilir ve gecerli bir olcek oldugu belirlenmistir. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Spécification et réalisation d'un formalisme générique pour la segmentation multiple de documents textuels multilingues

Le probleme de la segmentation en mots, ou itemisation, est souvent considere comme trivial grâce a la presence de separateurs dans l'ecriture. L'essor de l'Internet et surtout du Web a rendu disponibles des millions de documents dans une multitude de langues et genere un interet pour les applications multilingues, qui ont rapidement montre les limites des approches simplistes en vigueur jusqu'a present. L'etude, d'une part, des systemes d'analyse morphologiques (en particulier les formalismes fondes sur les etats finis), et d'autre part, des applications specialisees pour l'itemisation dans differentes langues reputees difficiles (japonais, chinois, thai) mene a des observations contrastees. La notion meme de mot, et donc le processus d'itemisation, varie grandement d'une langue a l'autre ; et s'il n'existe pas de methode generique, surtout en l'absence de separateurs entre les mots, des approches similaires sont employees par differents systemes pour differentes langues. On propose de se placer au dessus de l'itemisation et de parler de segmentation de texte en general. On introduit un langage specialise pour la segmentation nomme Sumo (Segmentation Universelle Multiple par Ordinateur) dont la principale caracteristique est d'offrir une separation claire entre le processus de segmentation et la ou les langues considerees. On a donc d'une part une structure de donnee dediee, qui represente un document simultanement a differents niveaux de segmentation (en mots, en phrases, etc.) A chaque niveau correspond un graphe d'items, les unites de segmentation a ce niveau. Cette structure a etages est fondee sur les automates d'etats finis ponderes. D'autre part, on definit une algebre pour la manipulation de ces structures, comme il en existe une pour la manipulation d'automates d'etats finis. En plus de cette algebre, on dispose egalement d'un langage de controle permettant de construire des applications de segmentation sophistiquees. Un prototype experimental de calcul a etats finis pondere realise en Perl est presente, et la realisation d'un systeme complet, efficace et robuste est discute. Les applications actuelles et potentielles de Sumo sont presentees, ainsi que les perspectives de developpements a venir.
Sphero‐cylindrical error for oblique gaze as a function of the position of the centre of rotation of the eye

New designs of ophthalmic lenses customised for particular wearing conditions (e.g., vertex distance or wrap tilt angle) have emerged during the last few years. However, there is limited information about the extent of any improvement in visual quality of these products. The aim of this work was to determine whether customisation according to the centre of rotation of the eye (CRE) improves visual quality for oblique gaze in monofocal spherical lenses.
The potential of GPUs for VLSI physical design automation

Graphic processing units (GPUs) have evolved to provide superb floating-point computing throughput, while parallelization will be the next major milestone for the development of electronic design automation technology. This work aims to harvesting the computing power for the VLSI physical design automation applications. We¿re developing efficient, parallel computing kernels on the CUDA platform for key physical design tools including cell placer, router, and static timing analyzer. The early results show encouraging potentials of GPUs for parallel implementation of EDA algorithms.
A Tree Algorithm Based on Parallel Cloud Computing Model

Cloud computing is the development of parallel computing, distributed computing and grid computing, and with the advancement of cloud computing, how to design efficient distributed tree algorithm is receiving more and more attention, Constrained by parallel assumption, Parallel tree algorithm are not easy to express in MapReduce. Inspired by Bulk Synchronous Parallel model, we propose an enhanced version of Hadoop MapReduce using MPI, which facilitate interactive data communication between supersteps of parallel tasks. Therefore, this paper provides a new idea for tree algorithm with data transition and iterative computation.
Regulation of High-Efficiency Region in Permanent Magnet Machines According to a Given Driving Cycle

This paper proposes a principle to regulate the high-efficiency region of permanent magnet (PM) machines according to a given driving cycle. The key of this method is to establish the relationship between the highest efficiency point and the other around four points (top, bottom, left, and right points). Then, the loss (e.g., copper loss, iron loss, and PM eddy current loss) combination of these points is obtained. By optimizing the loss matching of these points, the high-efficiency region can be adjusted to be suitable area for a given driving cycle. In order to verify the effectiveness of proposed principle, a 12-slot 10-pole surface-mounted PM machine based on finite-element method is built, and several loss regulation methods are demonstrated. The results shows that the high-efficiency region can move from high-torque area to low-torque area according to the demand.
Event-triggered output consensus control for the heterogeneous multi-agent systems under directed graph

This paper studies the event-triggered output consensus problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with general linear dynamics under an directed graph. With the state-dependent triggering function, we design a novel distributed event-triggered output consensus controller for each agent to reach consensus with zero final consensus error. This strategy has several distinguishing features, including the fact that individual agent does not require continuous, or even periodic, communication with their neighbors to update the controller or monitor the triggering condition, and all parameters required by its implementation can be locally determined by the agent. We also prove that events cannot be triggered infinitely in finite time (i.e. no Zeno behavior). Furthermore, the simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
A Human Recombinant IL-7/HGF&agr; Hybrid Cytokine Enhances T-Cell Reconstitution in Mice After Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Background. T-cell regeneration after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often slow and incomplete. Therefore, the enhancement of T-cell reconstitution after BMT is required. We have previously described a naturally occurring hybrid cytokine consisting of interleukin (IL)-7 and the &bgr;-chain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that had lymphopoietic stimulatory activity in vitro. We have also reported that a murine recombinant (r) IL-7/HGF&bgr; protein significantly enhances T-cell regeneration in mice after BMT. Methods. To determine whether a human form of rIL-7/HGF&bgr; has similar effects as the murine form, we have cloned and expressed the human IL-7 and HGF&bgr; genes to produce a single-chain hrIL-7/HGF&bgr; protein. We have also cloned and expressed a human form of hybrid cytokine containing IL-7 and the &agr;-chain of HGF (HGF&agr;) (hrIL-7/HGF&agr;). We then determined their ability to enhance T-cell reconstitution in mice after BMT. Results. We found that hrIL-7/HGF&agr; had higher in vitro and in vivo thymocyte-stimulatory activities than did the hrIL-7/HGF&bgr;. Therefore, we focused on the functional properties of hrIL-7/HGF&agr; and showed that administration of hrIL-7/HGF&agr; significantly enhanced thymopoiesis in mice after syngeneic BMT by increasing the numbers of thymocytes, early thymocyte progenitors, and thymic epithelial cells. hrIL-7/HGF&agr; cross-linked the IL-7 and HGF receptors on thymocytes, and the in vivo thymocyte-stimulatory activity was mediated by both receptors. Consequently, hrIL-7/HGF&agr; treatment significantly increased the numbers of total and naïve T cells in the periphery. Conclusion. In vivo administration of hrIL-7/HGF&agr; efficiently restores thymopoiesis and naïve T-cell reconstitution in mice after syngeneic BMT.
Characterization of a novel heart and respiratory rate sensor

Existing methods of electronic patient monitoring require tethering the patient to the device, which is not well tolerated. This study characterizes the performance of a novel sensor array and digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms that extract heart and respiratory rates. The sensor lies under the sheets on a hospital bed, and when the patient lies down, it detects pressure waves generated by the heart, and by the act of breathing. The algorithms identify these signals of interest, filtering out extraneous signals. Output of the algorithms was compared to output from ECG and transthoracic impedance, taken from the same subject, at the same time. Forty-four adult volunteers were recruited. The results demonstrated an average of mean differences for heart rate of 0.50 beats per minute, with a standard deviation of 0.51. The average of mean differences for respiratory rate was 0.39 with standard deviation of 0.55. These results suggest this noninvasive, non-restrictive method of measuring heart and respiratory rates may be a viable solution to the problem of decreased vigilance of patient condition faced on the in-patient wards. Future studies will characterize performance in ill populations, and examine alarm schemes that are both highly sensitive and specific for the target population.
Sleep apnoea is a common occurrence in females

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is primarily regarded as a male disorder, presenting with snoring, daytime sleepiness and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the frequency of sleep apnoea among females in the general population. We investigated 400 females from a population-based random sample of 10,000 females aged 20–70 yrs. They answered a questionnaire and performed overnight polysomnography. OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥5) was found in 50% (95% CI 45–55%) of females aged 20–70 yrs. Sleep apnoea was related to age, obesity and hypertension, but not to daytime sleepiness. Severe sleep apnoea (AHI ≥30) was present in 14% (95% CI 8.1–21%) of females aged 55–70 yrs and in 31% (95% CI 12–50%) of obese females with a body mass index of ≥30 kg·m−2 aged 55–70 yrs. Sleep apnoea with daytime sleepiness and sleep apnoea with hypertension were observed as two different phenotypes of OSA. OSA occurs in 50% of females aged 20–70 yrs. 20% of females have moderate and 6% severe sleep apnoea. Sleep apnoea in females is related to age, obesity and hypertension, but not to daytime sleepiness. When searching for sleep apnoea in females, females with hypertension or obesity should be investigated.
Purposeful Searching for Citations of Scholarly Publications

Citation data contains the citations among scholarly publications. The data can be used to find relevant sources during research, identify emerging trends and research areas, compute metrics for comparing authors or journals, or for thematic clustering. Manual administration of citation data is limited due to the large number of publications. In this work, we hence lay the foundations for the automatic search for scientific citations. The unique characteristics are a purposeful search of citations for a specified set of publications (of e.g., an author or an institute). Therefore, search strategies will be developed and evaluated in this work in order to reduce the costs for the analysis of documents without citations to the given set of publications. In our experiments, for authors with more than 100 publications about 75 % of the citations were found. The purposeful strategy examined thereby only 1.5 % of the 120 million publications of the used data set.
Cognitive skills matter : The employment disadvantage of low-educated workers in comparative perspective

It is now a widely acknowledged fact that the low-educated workers are facing important risks of labour market exclusion in modern economies. However, possessing low levels of educational qualifications leads to very different situations from one country to another, as the cross-national variation in the unemployment rates of these workers attest. While conventional wisdom usually blames welfare states and the resulting rigidity of labour markets for the low employment opportunities of low-educated workers, empirical evidence tends to contradict this predominant view. Using microdata from the International Adult Literacy Survey that was conducted between 1994 and 1998, we examine the sources of the cross-national variation in the employment disadvantage of low-educated workers in 14 industrialized nations. In particular, we test the validity of the conventional theories concerning the supposedly harmful effect of labour market regulation against a new and promising hypothesis on the importance of cognitive skills for the employment opportunities of the low-educated workers. Our findings support the latter and suggest that the greater the cognitive gap between the low-educated workers and those with intermediate education, the lower the chances of being employed for the former relatively to their higher educated counterparts.
An improved LP-based approximation for steiner tree

The Steiner tree problem is one of the most fundamental NP-hard problems: given a weighted undirected graph and a subset of terminal nodes, find a minimum-cost tree spanning the terminals. In a sequence of papers, the approximation ratio for this problem was improved from 2 to the current best 1.55 [Robins,Zelikovsky-SIDMA'05]. All these algorithms are purely combinatorial. A long-standing open problem is whether there is an LP-relaxation for Steiner tree with integrality gap smaller than 2 [Vazirani,Rajagopalan-SODA'99]. In this paper we improve the approximation factor for Steiner tree, developing an LP-based approximation algorithm. Our algorithm is based on a, seemingly novel, iterative randomized rounding technique. We consider a directed-component cut relaxation for the k-restricted Steiner tree problem. We sample one of these components with probability proportional to the value of the associated variable in the optimal fractional solution and contract it. We iterate this process for a proper number of times and finally output the sampled components together with a minimum-cost terminal spanning tree in the remaining graph. Our algorithm delivers a solution of cost at most ln(4) times the cost of an optimal k-restricted Steiner tree. This directly implies a ln(4)+ε<1.39 approximation for Steiner tree. As a byproduct of our analysis, we show that the integrality gap of our LP is at most $1.55$, hence answering to the mentioned open question. This might have consequences for a number of related problems.