Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What High Schoolers and Their Parents Know about Public 4-Year Tuition and Fees in Their State. Stats in Brief. NCES 2019-404.

Statistics in Brief publications present descriptive data in tabular formats to provide useful information to a broad audience, including members of the general public. They address simple and topical issues and questions. They do not investigate more complex hypotheses, account for inter-relationships among variables, or support causal inferences. We encourage readers who are interested in more complex questions and in-depth analysis to explore other NCES resources, including publications, online data tools, and publicand restricted-use datasets. See nces.ed.gov and references noted in the body of this document for more information. Although most students aspire to a college education, and most parents want their children to attend college, many families are uninformed about the cost of attending college (Avery and Kane 2004; College Board 2010; Ikenberry and Hartle 1998; Ingels et al. 2011; Luna de la Rosa 2006; McPherson and Schapiro 1991). Most high school students and parents are unaware of the actual price of college, and those who offer their best approximations tend to overestimate rather than underestimate prices (Avery and Kane 2004; Horn, Chen, and Chapman 2003). Published college “sticker prices,” which few students pay, and media attention to high-cost private colleges and universities may contribute to students’ and families’ common misapprehensions about the price of attendance. Minority and lowsocioeconomic-status (SES) families in particular are less knowledgeable than White or higher-SES families about college costs (Avery and Kane 2004; Bleemer and Zafar 2014; Horn, Chen, and Chapman 2003; Ikenberry and Hartle 1998).
Ego Depletion After Social Interference

The present study examines whether social interference (i.e., interference with one’s goal attainment by the bodily presence of others) depletes the limited resource of self-control strength. In an experimental laboratory study (N = 34), half the participants experienced social interference whereas the other half did not experience social interference by two confederates during a dexterity task. Afterwards, we measured participants’ momentary self-control strength applying a Stroop colour-naming task. In line with our prediction, participants’ performance in the Stroop task indicated that social interference reduced self-control strength. We discuss implications for crowding research and crowding in natural settings.
Extractive summarization : how to identify the gist of a text

This paper presents a new extractive method for automatic text summarization. The new method, called gist-based method, tries to identify the gist of a text for composing its summary. GistSumm (GIST SUMMarizer), an automatic summarizer, uses such method for generating summaries, which are evaluated under the light of the gist preservation.
Energy Threshold Detection in Neutronic Signal by Automatic Classification and Linear Programming

It is proposed in this paper the automatic detection thresholds in the neutronic noise from a nuclear reactor chamber. The proposed method combines a pattern recognition algorithm, known as dynamic cluster and a linear programming algorithm. Euclidean distance, often adopted by default, in the dynamic cluster algorithm; is here replaced by the distance L 1 , also called least absolute deviations (LAD).
Towards a Flexible Model of Word Meaning

We would like to build a model of semantic knowledge that have the capacity to acquire and represent semantic information that is ambiguous, vague and incomplete. Furthermore, the model should be able to acquire this knowledge in an unsupervised fashion from unstructured text data. Such a model needs to be both highly adaptive and very robust. In this submission, we will first try to identify some fundamental principles that a flexible model of word meaning must adhere to, and then present a possible implementation of these principles in a technique we call Random Indexing. We will also discuss current limitations of the technique and set the direction for future research.
An integrated pipeline for next-generation sequencing and annotation of mitochondrial genomes

Mitochondrial (mt) genomics represents an understudied but important field of molecular biology. Increasingly, mt dysfunction is being linked to a range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and impairment of childhood development. In addition, mt genomes provide important markers for systematic, evolutionary and population genetic studies. Some technological limitations have prevented the expanded generation and utilization of mt genomic data for some groups of organisms. These obstacles most acutely impede, but are not limited to, studies requiring the determination of complete mt genomic data from minute amounts of material (e.g. biopsy samples or microscopic organisms). Furthermore, post-sequencing bioinformatic annotation and analyses of mt genomes are time consuming and inefficient. Herein, we describe a high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic pipeline for mt genomics, which will have implications for the annotation and analysis of other organellar (e.g. plastid or apicoplast genomes) and virus genomes as well as long, contiguous regions in nuclear genomes. We utilize this pipeline to sequence and annotate the complete mt genomes of 12 species of parasitic nematode (order Strongylida) simultaneously, each from an individual organism. These mt genomic data provide a rich source of markers for studies of the systematics and population genetics of a group of socioeconomically important pathogens of humans and other animals.
(Re)Encountering Walls, Tattoos, and Chickadees: Disrupting Discursive Tenacity

In this article, three pedagogic encounters—“Encountering the Wall,” “Encountering Young Tattooed Parents,” and “Encountering Chickadees”—conceptualized as curricular meeting places, are theoretically reconceptualized within alternative bodies of literature. Theoretical reconceptualization revealed complexities of early childhood pedagogies and the tenacity of dominant discursive practices of developmentalism, constructed, in these instances, through age-segregated settings, parenting programs, and nature pedagogy. Theoretical reconceptualizing of these encounters worked to disrupt embodied subjugations of age-segregated children, mothers and fathers, chickadees, educators, families, and researchers.
Parents' Racial Beliefs and Ethnic–Racial Socialization in African American Families

Abstract:We investigated relations among African American parents' reports of ethnic–racial socialization received during their own childhood, their racial attitudes (i.e., perceptions of U.S. racial climate and valuing of intergroup contact), and their 12th-grade children's reports of parents' use of racial pride socialization and preparation for bias. Parents' (N = 193) reports of received racial pride and preparation for bias socialization were related to their children's reports of parents' current use of those types of socialization. The parents' received preparation for bias was positively related to their perceptions of a hostile U.S. racial climate, and parents' perceptions of racial climate predicted adolescents' reports of their parents' use of preparation for bias. Valuing of intergroup contact was unrelated to adolescent reports of either type of racial socialization. Findings support the intergenerational transmission of ethnic–racial socialization in African American families and show that parents' attitudes and behaviors are related in theoretically predicted ways.
The innermost region of AGN tori: implications from the HST/NICMOS type 1 point sources and near-IR reverberation

Spatially resolving the innermost region of the putative torus-like structure in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is one of the main goals of high-spatial-resolution studies. This could be done in the near-IR observations of type 1 AGNs where we directly see the hottest dust grains in the torus. We discuss two critical issues in such studies. One is the possible contribution from the central putative accretion disk (the near-IR part of the big blue bump emission), which should be taken into account for the torus measurements. The other is the expected size of the inner boundary of the torus, essential for the feasibility of spatially resolving the region. We examine the nuclear near-IR point sources in the HST/NICMOS images of nearby type 1 AGNs to evaluate the accretion disk contribution. After the subtraction of the host bulge flux through two-dimensional decompositions, we show that near-IR colors of the point sources appear quite interpretable simply as a composite of a black-body-like spectrum and a relatively blue distinct component, as expected for a torus and an accretion disk in the near-IR. The near-IR colors of our radiative transfer models for clumpy tori also support this simple two-component interpretation. The observed near-IR colors for the available sample suggest a fractional accretion disk contribution of ~25% or less at 2.2 μ m. We also show that the innermost torus radii as indicated by recent near-IR reverberation measurements are systematically smaller by a factor of ~3 than the predicted dust sublimation radius with a reasonable assumption for graphite grains of a sublimation temperature 1500 K and size 0.05 μ m in radius. The discrepancy might indicate a much higher sublimation temperature or a typical grain size much larger in the innermost tori, though the former case appears to be disfavored by the observed colors of the HST point sources studied above. Alternatively, the central engine radiation might be significantly anisotropic. The near-IR interferometry with a baseline of ~100 m should be able to provide important, independent size measurements for the innermost torus region, based on the low fractional contribution from the accretion disk obtained above.
Inhibitory Effects of Physalis alkekengi L., Alcea rosea L., Bunium persicum B. Fedtsch. and Marrubium vulgare L. on Mushroom Tyrosinase

Background: The key enzyme in the process of melanin biosynthesis is tyrosinase. Skin hyperpigmentation and browning of foods are undesirable phenomena which tyrosinase represents. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors have been used increasingly for medicinal and cosmetic products. Objectives: In this study, inhibitory effects of four plants including: physalis alkekengi L. , Alcea rosea L. , Bunium persicum B. Fedtsch. and Marrubium vulgare L. on diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of plants against oxidation of L-Dopa (as a substrate) by mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of P. alkekengi showed the most tyrosinase inhibitory effect with IC50 of 0.09 mg/mL vs. 0.38, 0.38 and 2.82 mg/mL of B. persicum, A. rosea and M. vulgare, respectively. M. vulgare exhibited uncompetitive inhibition and other plants showed mixed type inhibition on mushroom tyrosinase. Conclusions: All plants could inhibit mushroom tyrosinase, but more investigations on human tyrosinase and clinical studies are needed.
Adaptive speech recognition and dialogue management for users with speech disorders

Spoken control interfaces are very attractive to people with severe physical disabilities who often also have a type of speech disorder known as dysarthria. This condition is known to decrease the accuracy of automatic speech recognisers (ASRs) especially for users with moderate to severe dysathria. In this paper we investigate how applying probabilistic dialogue management (DM) techniques can improve interaction performance of an environmental control system for such users. The effect of having access to different amounts of adaptation data, as well as using different vocabulary size for speakers of different intelligibilities is investigated. We explore the effect of adapting the DM models as the ASR performance increases, such as is the case in systems where more adaptation data is collected through system use. Improvements compared to a non-probabilistic DM baseline are seen both in terms of dialogue length and success rate, 9% and 25% mean relative improvement respectively. Looking at just the more severe dysarthric speakers these numbers rise 25% and 75% mean relative improvement. These improvements are higher when the ASR data adaptation amount is small. Further results show that a DM trained on data from multiple speakers outperform a DM trained on data from a single speaker.
Analysis of privacy-enhancing protocols based on anonymity networks

In this paper, we analyze privacy-enhancing protocols for Smart Grids that are based on anonymity networks. The underlying idea behind such protocols is attributing two distinct partial identities for each consumer. One is used to send real-time information about the power consumption, and the other for transmitting the billing information. Such protocols provide sender-anonymity for the real-time information, while consolidated data is sent for billing. In this work, the privacy properties of such protocols are analyzed, and their computational efficiency is evaluated and compared using simulation to other solutions based on homomorphic encryption.
Biological legacies buffer local species extinction after logging

Summary Clearcutting has been identified as a main threat to forest biodiversity. In the last few decades, alternatives to clearcutting have gained much interest. Living and dead trees are often retained after harvest to serve as structural legacies to mitigate negative effects of forestry. However, this practice is widely employed without information from systematic before–after control‐impact studies to assess the processes involved in species responses after clearcutting with retention. We performed a large‐scale survey of the occurrence of logging‐sensitive and red‐listed bryophytes and lichens before and after clearcutting with the retention approach. A methodology was adopted that, for the first time in studies on retention approaches, enabled monitoring of location‐specific substrates. We used uncut stands as controls to assess the variables affecting the survival of species after a major disturbance. In total, 12 bryophyte species and 27 lichen species were analysed. All were classified as sensitive to logging, and most species are also currently red‐listed. We found that living and dead trees retained after final harvest acted as refugia in which logging‐sensitive species were able to survive for 3 to 7 years after logging. Depending on type of retention and organism group, between 35% and 92% of the species occurrences persisted on retained structures. Most species observed outside retention trees or patches disappeared. Larger pre‐harvest population sizes of bryophytes on dead wood increased the survival probability of the species and hence buffered the negative effects of logging. Synthesis and applications. Careful spatial planning of retention structures is required to fully embrace the habitats of logging‐sensitive species. Bryophytes and lichens persisted to a higher degree in retention patches compared to solitary trees or in the clearcut area. Retaining groups of trees in logged areas will help to sustain populations of species over the clearcut phase. When possible, old logs should be moved into retention patches to provide a more beneficial environment for dead wood‐dependent species. Our study also highlights the need for more before–after control‐impact studies of retention forestry to explore factors influencing the survival of species after logging.
MEME-ChIP: motif analysis of large DNA datasets

Motivation: Advances in high-throughput sequencing have resulted in rapid growth in large, high-quality datasets including those arising from transcription factor (TF) ChIP-seq experiments. While there are many existing tools for discovering TF binding site motifs in such datasets, most web-based tools cannot directly process such large datasets. Results: The MEME-ChIP web service is designed to analyze ChIP-seq ‘peak regions’—short genomic regions surrounding declared ChIP-seq ‘peaks’. Given a set of genomic regions, it performs (i) ab initio motif discovery, (ii) motif enrichment analysis, (iii) motif visualization, (iv) binding affinity analysis and (v) motif identification. It runs two complementary motif discovery algorithms on the input data—MEME and DREME—and uses the motifs they discover in subsequent visualization, binding affinity and identification steps. MEME-ChIP also performs motif enrichment analysis using the AME algorithm, which can detect very low levels of enrichment of binding sites for TFs with known DNA-binding motifs. Importantly, unlike with the MEME web service, there is no restriction on the size or number of uploaded sequences, allowing very large ChIP-seq datasets to be analyzed. The analyses performed by MEME-ChIP provide the user with a varied view of the binding and regulatory activity of the ChIP-ed TF, as well as the possible involvement of other DNA-binding TFs. Availability: MEME-ChIP is available as part of the MEME Suite at http://meme.nbcr. net. Contact: t.bailey@uq.edu. au Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
OCRA: A tool for checking the refinement of temporal contracts

Contract-based design enriches a component model with properties structured in pairs of assumptions and guarantees. These properties are expressed in term of the variables at the interface of the components, and specify how a component interacts with its environment: the assumption is a property that must be satisfied by the environment of the component, while the guarantee is a property that the component must satisfy in response. Contract-based design has been recently proposed in many methodologies for taming the complexity of embedded systems. In fact, contract-based design enables stepwise refinement, compositional verification, and reuse of components. However, only few tools exist to support the formal verification underlying these methods. OCRA (Othello Contracts Refinement Analysis) is a new tool that provides means for checking the refinement of contracts specified in a linear-time temporal logic. The specification language allows to express discrete as well as metric real-time constraints. The underlying reasoning engine allows checking if the contract refinement is correct. OCRA has been used in different projects and integrated in CASE tools.
Determining Shape of Specular Surfaces

A new method for determining the shape of specular surfaces is presented in this paper. Our approach reconstructs the shape of specular surfaces from a relationship between the surrounding environment and the observed images of specular surfaces. A prototype system has been implemented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to the reconstruction of specular objects of curved surfaces.
The Role of Valence in Self-referenced Memory in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

of a thesis at the University of Miami Thesis supervised by Dr. Heather A. Henderson No. of pages in text (43) Individuals with autism have consistently demonstrated atypical processing of and memory for self-referenced information compared to their typically developing peers, yet the underlying cause of these differences remains unknown. The present study aims to explore a potential mechanism underlying atypical memory for self-referenced information in higher functioning individuals with autism (HFA) and a comparison group of individuals without an autism diagnosis (COM). Participants included 79 children and adolescents with an HFA diagnosis (68 males, 11 females) and 73 COM individuals (53 males, 20 females) who completed a self-referenced memory task. Diagnostic group differences were detected in endorsement and memory for positive and negative trait adjectives, as well as in the relations between performance in each phase of the task. Results from a mediation model indicated that the Self-Positivity Bias significantly mediated the diagnostic group differences in preferential self-referenced memory. Results will be discussed with reference to the structure of the self-system in children with HFA, and the role of preferential self-processing in supporting social skill development, and in terms of the implications for the development of interventions for children with autism.
What is a good post-separation relationship? The perspectives of Australian parents

ABSTRACT Socio-legal research has established the importance of a ‘good’ post-separation parental relationship; however there is little work addressing the definitions and experiences of parents themselves. Thus, we have few insights into how socio-legal expectations align with those of separated parents. This paper draws on interview data from 27 separated Australian parents to explore the question: how do parents define a good post-separation parental relationship? Our analysis indicated a typology of three relationships: allied, arm’s length and autonomous relationships. These were differentiated by parents’ emotional connection, practical interdependence and deliberate co-operation in caring for their children. They shared in common parents’ focus on the wellbeing of children, which both motivated parents’ on-going connection and informed their definition of a good post-separation relationship with their former partner. Our findings indicate an alignment between socio-legal expectations of good relationships and those of parents, albeit in sometimes unexpected forms.