Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthographic and Phonological Processing in Reading Chinese Text: Evidence From Eye Fixations

The use of orthographic and phonologic information in reading Chinese text was investigated using an eye-monitoring technique. The basic manipulation was to change a critical character in a short passage so that various combinations of orthographic and phonological information were altered. Patterns of disruption caused by different manipulations were compared in order to reveal the use of orthographic and phonological information from individual characters during reading for comprehension. Results showed that orthographic manipulations produced reliable and early disruption in first fixation duration at the target word position. In contrast, phonological effects were only found in the measure of a relatively late stage of processing (i.e., total reading time) at the target position, but not in early measures of processing. These results supported the position that it is orthography rather than phonology, which plays an early and dominant role in reading Chinese.
BPGSC: Bilinear Paring Based Genearlized SignCryption Scheme

Generalized signcryption is a novel cryptographic primitive, which provides encryption and authenticity services simultaneously or separately. The known schemes have the low communication performance and fail to deliver data stream. Based on bilinear pairing, an efficient generalized signcryption scheme with the shortened ciphertext called BPGSC is proposed. Combined with the hash-chained mechanism and KEM/DEM (key encapsulation mechanism/data encapsulation mechanism), the hybrid BPGSC is proposed also. Formal security analysis showed that BPGSC is a provable secure scheme in random oracle model under GDH (Gap Diffie-Hellman) assumption. With present secure parameters, the data rate of proposed scheme is 76%. It has the highest communication performance in all of known schemes.
GNIREENIGNE : Reverse Engineering or BackwardsEngineering ?

Reverse engineering involves extracting high-level information from existing code. Reverse engineering is a crucial part of software maintenance since a maintainer needs to understand the code before attempting any modiication. Many eeorts have been made to automatically extract higher-level design information from the code to facilitate various maintenance activities. But many of them are limited to extracting and providing only static information like call graphs, and normally involve techniques like parsing. Some of them also try to \understand" the program in a limited toy domain so that it can generate a high-level description of the system in terms of the common programming concepts. Also, most of the systems do not have any knowledge of the domain. Only recently people have realized the limitations of current approaches and have begun advocating systems that will provide descriptions in terms of human-oriented domain concepts. This paper proposes a new approach to reverse engineering large software systems using granularity-based program recognition as the main recognition mechanism. The approach presented here is robust, exible and scalable. The granularity formalism can represent human oriented strategic knowledge better than other formalisms. The central message of the paper is that we need to take the human into account when designing any software reverse engineering tools. Some of the implications of the proposed approach for future research in the eld of reverse engineering are discussed. Also included is a discussion of how software reverse engineering provides an excellent domain where one can test diierent ideas about granularity research.
Beyond Usability Evaluation: Analysis of Human-Robot Interaction at a Major Robotics Competition

Human-robot interaction (HRI) is a relatively new field of study. To date, most of the effort in robotics has been spent in developing hardware and software that expands the range of robot functionality and autonomy. In contrast, little effort has been spent so far to ensure that the robotic displays and interaction controls are intuitive for humans. This study applied robotics, human-computer interaction (HCI), and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) expertise to gain experience with HCI/CSCW evaluation techniques in the robotics domain. As a case study for this article, we analyzed four different robot systems that competed in the 2002 American Association for Artificial Intelligence Robot Rescue Competition. These systems completed urban search and rescue tasks in a controlled environment with predetermined scoring rules that provided objective measures of success. This study analyzed pre-evaluation questionnaires; videotapes of the robots, interfaces, and operators; maps of the robots' paths through the competition arena; post-evaluation debriefings; and critical incidents (e.g., when the robots damaged the test arena). As a result, this study developed guidelines for developing interfaces for HRI.
Vulnerability to Foster Care Drift After the Termination of Parental Rights

Objectives: After the termination of parental rights (TPR), there is no guarantee that youth will achieve legal permanence through adoption either quickly or at all. This study identifies obstacles in reaching adoption after TPR. Methods: Data are extracted via brief case reviews of 640 children and in-depth case reviews of 145 children to identify potential barriers to adoption. Results: Obstacles in reaching adoption post-TPR include characteristics of youth, foster families, and case practice. Conclusions: Results indicate that improvements in practice such as concurrent planning efforts, continuity of case workers, and addressing foster parent ambivalence about adopting youth with special needs can make a difference for youth in reaching more timely permanence through adoption.
“Wondering” and Beyond: Discussion of Arietta Slade's “Reflective Parenting Programs”

Arietta Slade describes the development of two reflective parenting programs that are based on Fonagy's and his colleagues' construct of reflective functioning. The merits of focusing on a defined theoretical construct are that it enables the conceptualization of the parent and child experiences that should be targeted and outlined in an intervention program. The discussion questions the extent to which parents, and in particular those with difficult histories, can be open to this intervention. The psychoanalytic literature has shown that parent–child interactions are affected by parents' past experiences that might be projected or attributed to their children. It is suggested that the intervention program should also address the parent and his or her past. Helping parents to arrive at a more integrated understanding of their own development could help them to be more open to the experiences of their children.
A Process-Oriented Model to Business Value - the Case of Real-Time IT Infrastructures

Which investments in real-time capabilities and decision-support IT-infrastructures are appropriate? In view of the recent in-memory systems this poses an urgent question to companies in many industries. Despite ample research on the causal relationship between IS investments and business value, especially the value quantification remains a difficult challenge. This paper contributes a business value measurement model that structures and assesses the internal organizational benefits of real-time IT infrastructures. A case study from the automotive industry aims to validate the model.
Semiphysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for the Inhibition of Midazolam Clearance by Diltiazem and Its Major Metabolite

Prediction of the extent and time course of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between the mechanism-based inhibitor diltiazem (DTZ) and the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam (MDZ) is confounded by time- and concentration-dependent clearance of the inhibitor. Semiphysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed for DTZ and MDZ with the major metabolite of DTZ, N-desmethyldiltiazem (nd-DTZ), incorporated in the DTZ model. Enzyme kinetic parameters (kinact and KI) for DTZ and nd-DTZ were estimated in vitro and used to model the time course of changes in the amount of CYP3A4 in the liver and gut wall, which in turn, determined the nonlinear elimination of MDZ and DTZ, and the corresponding DDI. The robustness of the model prediction was assessed by comparing the results of the prediction to published DTZ pharmacokinetic and DTZ/MDZ interaction data. A clinical study was conducted to further validate the predicted increase of MDZ exposure after DTZ treatment. The model predicted the nonlinear disposition of DTZ after single and multiple oral doses. The clinical study showed that DTZ treatment resulted in 4.1- and 1.6-fold increases in MDZ exposure after oral and intravenous MDZ administration, respectively, suggesting that the DDI in the gut wall plays an important role in the DTZ/MDZ interaction. The semi-PBPK model incorporating the DDI at the gut wall, and the effect of nd-DTZ successfully predicted the nonlinear disposition of DTZ and its interaction with MDZ. Moreover, model simulation suggested that both DTZ and nd-DTZ contributed to the overall inhibitory effect after DTZ administration, and the values of the in vitro estimated inhibition parameters and CYP3A4 turnover rate are critical for the prediction.
Energy efficient wireless in-band backhaul in heterogeneous networking environments

Cost effective and efficient wireless BackHaul (BH) transmissions are key factors for energy efficient network architectures and strategies on upcoming dense Access Points (AP) 5G heterogeneous environments, where rapid data volume increase and energy consumption reduction are main variables to consider. Towards this direction, we consider a heterogeneous mobile network topology with coexisting macrocellular (macro) and microcellular (micro) Base Stations (BSs) and propose two energy optimization heuristics incorporating wireless in-band BH transmission framework as the core network data transport mean. We examine the overall impact of this BH approach on total mobile network's consumption and point out the significance of BH consideration on wireless networks energy optimization tactics. The simulation results obtained exhibit that the proposed heuristics applied to the wireless in-band BH transmission framework inject extra power consumption to the network infrastructure, albeit lower than other BH solutions.
Synaptojanin 2, a Novel Synaptojanin Isoform with a Distinct Targeting Domain and Expression Pattern*

Synaptojanin (synaptojanin 1) is a recently identified inositol 5′-phosphatase, which is highly enriched in nerve terminals and is implicated in synaptic vesicle recycling. It is composed of three domains: an amino-terminal SacI homology region, a central inositol 5′-phosphatase homology region, and a carboxyl-terminal proline-rich region. We have now identified and characterized a novel form of synaptojanin, synaptojanin 2, which has a broader tissue distribution. Synaptojanin 2 cDNA from rat brain library encodes a protein of 1,248 amino acids with a predictedM r of 138,268. The two synaptojanin isoforms share 57.2 and 53.8% amino acid identity in their SacI and phosphatase domains, respectively. In marked contrast, their carboxyl-terminal proline-rich regions bear little homology. Expression of synaptojanin 2 in COS7 cells produced a 140-kDa protein with inositol 5′-phosphatase actvity. Protein binding assays demonstrated that among the major src homology 3-proteins known to bind to the proline-rich region of synaptojanin 1, Grb2, amphiphysin, and members of SH3p4/8/13 protein family, only Grb2 bound to that of synaptojanin 2. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation studies in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed that synaptojanin 2 was predominantly associated with the particulate fraction while synaptojanin 1 was mainly localized in the soluble fraction. This observation suggests that the proline-rich regions of synaptojanins 1 and 2 are implicated in different protein-protein interactions and direct the two isoforms to different subcellular compartments. Our results demonstrate the presence of a family of synaptojanin-type inositol 5′-phosphatases with different tissue and subcellular distributions, which may be involved in distinct membrane trafficking and signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells.
TruncApp: A truncation-based approximate divider for energy efficient DSP applications

In this paper, we present a high speed yet energy efficient approximate divider where the division operation is performed by multiplying the dividend by the inverse of the divisor. In this structure, truncated value of the dividend is multiplied exactly (approximately) by the approximate inverse value of divisor. To assess the efficacy of the proposed divider, its design parameters are extracted and compared to those of a number of prior art dividers in a 45nm CMOS technology. Results reveal that this structure provides 66% and 52% improvements in the area and energy consumption, respectively, compared to the most advanced prior art approximate divider. In addition, delay and energy consumption of the division operation are reduced about 94.4% and 99.93%, respectively, compared to those of an exact SRT radix-4 divider. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed divider in image processing application is studied.
Race and Gender Barriers: Preadolescent Peer Behavior in Academic Classrooms.

SAGAR, H. ANDREW; SCHOFIELD, JANET WARD; and SNYDER, HOWARD N. Race and Gender Barriers: Preadolescent Peer Behavior in Academic Classrooms. CHILD DEVELOPMENT;, 1983, 54, 1032-1040. The classroom behavior of 48 black and 44 white sixth graders was observed in an urban desegregated school. Observations were made once a week in each classroom during a full semester using a time sampling method. In addition to noting the race and sex of the student being observed, as well as that of his or her interactants, observers also coded the source of the interaction (the subject, interactant, or both) and its task orientation (whether the behavior was related to academic tasks). As predicted, students interacted primarily with others of their own race and sex, although gender aggregation was less pronounced for blacks than for whites. Also, as predicted, boys interacted more across racial lines than girls. Blacks were almost twice as likely as whites to be the source of cross-race interactions. No race effects were apparent in the children's own task orientation, but peer behaviors were more likely to be task-related when directed toward white rather than black interactants. A parallel study of sociometric choice conducted in the same school reinforced virtually all of the above conclusions.
Consistency guarantees: exploiting application semantics for consistency management in a collaboration toolkit

CSCW toolkits are designed to ease development of CSCW applications. They provide common, reusable components for cooperative system design, allowing application programmers to concentrate on the details of their particular applications. The underlying assumption is that toolkit components can be designed and implemented independently of the details of particular applications. However, there is good evidence to suggest that this is not true. This paper presents a new technique which allows programmers to express application requirements, so that toolkit structures can be adapted to different circumstances. Prospero is a toolkit which uses this technique to meet different application needs flexibly.
Relation between Actinomycosis and Histopathological and Clinical Features of the Palatine Tonsils: An Iranian Experience

Background Actinomycosis of the tonsils has been reported in a variable percentage of tonsil specimens by other authors. This study determines the incidence of actinomyces in the palatine tonsil and evaluates the clinical diagnoses and histopathological features of tonsillectomy specimens. Methods In a retrospective study, 204 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis (group A) and for sleep apnea without a history of recurrent tonsillitis (group B) were enrolled. Results The prevalence rate was significantly higher in the adult compared with the pediatric population. The prevalence of tonsillar actinomycetes colonization was higher in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis (43.9%) than in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (26.3%). The prevalence did not differ by sex of patient. Histopathological analysis of resected tonsils did not show active tissue infection. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of actinomycosis and age, with a greater occurrence of actinomycosis in adult patients. Conclusion Although actinomyces colonization is more prevalent in patients with recurrent tonsillitis than sleepdisordered breathing, but the presence of actinomyces does not indicate any active disease.
Israel's Changing Society: Population, Ethnicity, And Development

List of Tables and Figures Preface and Acknowledgments Preface to Revised Edition Demography, Development, and Ethnicity Nation-Building, Population, and Development Ethnic Diversity: Jewish and Arab Populations of Israel The Formation of Israeli Communities Immigration, Nation-Building, and Ethnicity Arab Israelis: Demography, Dependency, and Distinctiveness Ecology, Settlement, and the Development of Communities Urbanization, Internal Migration, and Residential Integration Communities: Kibbutzim, Moshavim, Development Towns, and Cities Forms of Inequality: Social Class, Gender, and Death Resources and Inequality: Education, Occupation, and Income Changing Roles of Israeli Women and Men Inequality and Mortality Decline Family Formation and Generational Continuities Marriage, Family, and Intermarriage The Transition to Small Family Size: The Fertility Revolution and Ethnic Diasporas, Dependencies, and Ethnic Continuities The Jewish Diaspora and Palestine: Ethnicity and Nation-Building in the State of Israel References About the Book and Author Index.
Visual perception of 3D printed translucent objects

In order to reproduce translucent objects by 3D printers employing fully transparent (or clear) material, modeling the human visual perception of translucency is crucial. In this preliminary study, a set of 256 texture-less samples was created by mixing white and clear materials using multi-jet 3D printing. The samples differ in both lateral light transport properties and transmittance. Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to reveal the relationship between transmittance and a perceptually uniform scale for translucency. The results show that Stevens’ power law describes well this relationship within the optically thin range of samples. Furthermore, the sensitivity to lateral light transport is small compared to transmittance for the texture-less sample set. Introduction Multi-jet or Polyjet 3D printers, such as the Stratasys Objet Connex series [1], are able to combine multiple UV curable materials on a droplet level into a single object. In contrast to 3D printers using powder blinder [2] and layer-laminated manufacturing [3] technologies, multi-jet 3D printers are capable of creating objects of spatially-varying color, translucency and haptical properties. In addition, multi-jetting allows for high resolution prints and can produce smooth surfaces, making it very suitable for appearance reproduction. Gamma Value 8 × 9 0 μ m
Dirty work designations: How police officers account for their use of coercive force

The concept of ‘dirty work’ has much potential to offer insights into processes related to the construction of organizational identities and work-group cultures. In this article, I use a social constructionist framework, to argue that ‘dirty workers’ perform their identities in two conceptually distinct contexts: ‘front regions’ and ‘back regions’ (Goffman, 1959), each producing its own subjective challenges. I use a critical discourse analysis to explore how, within the research interview setting, police officers deal with the moral dilemma of their use of coercive authority. I argue that what is designated as ‘dirty’ within any specific role differs according to the perspective of the observer, revealing the boundaries and landscape of different moral and social orders and how these overlap and compete. It is further argued that, within specific interactional contexts, occupational identity comprises a site of contestation for these different moral and social orders. The utility of the dirty work concept is explored in relation to its ability to illuminate the dynamics of ideological reproduction and transformation.
Retirement in the Post-Revocation Context at One Canadian University: Experiences of Phasing and Delaying.

This research study is a phenomenological exploration of academics from one Canadian university who either are participating in a phased retirement program or have delayed their retirement beyond the normal retirement age of 65. It is based on face-to-face interviews with 24 professors, male and female, between the ages of 55 and 69, from an array of disciplines. The results indicate that teaching may be a primary reason why academics choose to retire, that female academics seem to align their retirement plans with those of their partners, and that academics who postpone their retirement feel as though they possess a significant amount of respect within their fields. Since this re search is based upon a small sample, it provides a starting point for future research studies, particularly concerning how gender affects the issue of aca demic retirement.
Students first language writing skills and their English language proficiency as predictors of their English language writing performance

This study endeavored to find out whether or not grade 11 students’ L1 (Amharic, in this case) writing and their L2 (English) proficiency could significantly predict their L2 writing. It also investigated whether or not the students’ L2 reading, grammar and vocabulary knowledge could significantly determine their L2 writing. To this end, students’ first semester final English examination, and teacher-made writing (both in L1 and L2), English reading, grammar and vocabulary tests were given. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and multiple regressions were used for analyses. The results indicated that all the predicting (independent) variables significantly correlated with the dependent variable (L2 writing); however, only students’ L1 writing, first semester overall English and reading test scores were significant predictors of their L2 writing. Finally, it was recommended that special attention be paid for the students’ grammar and vocabulary teaching approach so that they will be able to apply them in their L2 writing. Key words: Linguistic interdependence, threshold level, transfer, prediction
Visual speaker authentication by ensemble learning over static and dynamic lip details

This paper presents a new visual speaker authentication scheme which can extract the most representative details of a speaker's lip feature. For each speaker, the entire utterance pronouncing a specific prompt text is divided into several word-level segments and a mute segment. Three kinds of lip feature details are investigated including: i) lip movements in each word segment; ii) lip movements in each word transition; and iii) lip appearance in the mute segment. An HMM with model adaptation is adopted to depict each dynamic details and a linear SVM is used to differentiate the static details. A confident measure is introduced to evaluate the discriminative ability of each details between the speaker and other speakers. Finally, an ensemble learning structure is proposed which focuses on the discriminative details and provides a reliable authentication result. Experimental results have demonstrated that our scheme achieves better performance compared with some traditional approaches investigated.