Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PaNoLa : Integrating Constraint Grammar and CALL applications for Nordic languages

The PaNoLa project (Parsing Nordic Languages) has been funded by The Nordic Council of Ministers' Language Technology Research Programmefor a 2-year period (2002-2003), and aimed at integrating on the one hand Nordic Constraint Grammar research, and on the other internet based grammar teaching based on such research. Participants were the University of Southern Denmark (Eckhard Bick, project leader, and John Dienhart), Oslo University (Janne Bondi Johannessen and Kristin Hagen), Helsinki University (Fred Karlsson) and Göteborg University (Torbjörn Lager). Though described here in terms of a 2year status, it must be born in mind that the research and development activities addressed by PaNoLa are not limited to this period, and have both a historic foundation and a future continuity at the institutions mentioned above. Also, at least two of the participating CG-research groups (Danish and Norwegian) were and are involved in other Language Technology Programme supported joint efforts with different, but overlapping time lines (Nomen Nescio and the Treebank Network), thus guaranteeing a certain synergy and continuity.
Epilepsiechirurgie: Gegenwärtiger Stellenwert und zukünftige Entwicklungen

Epilepsy surgery is playing an increasingly important role. In one part this is due to the considerable improvement in structural and functional imaging and electrophysiological techniques, including EEG longterm monitoring. The other reasons are a better understanding of the pathophysiology of those epileptic disorders, which are amenable to surgery, and refinements in surgical techniques. Today reasonably reliable prognosis can be made prior to the recommendation of surgery based on worldwide collected inclusion and outcome data. Careful and knowledgeable presurgical evaluation of candidates of epilepsy surgery still remains the most important step. Today a considerable number of patients can undergo successful surgery without invasive intracranial presurgical procedures, resulting in an improved cost-effectiveness and in a growing utilization of epilepsy surgery in countries with limited resources. However, for extratemporal MRI-negative epilepsies invasive examinations are necessary. Intraoperatively three main approaches help to tailor resective epilepsy surgery. (i) Intraoperative recording and stimulation (including evoked potentials), (ii) brain surgery in local anesthesia with the patient awake if surgery in or close to “eloquent” cortex is necessary, and (iii) intraoperative MRI control, mainly to assure radical resection of the intended structures. An overview of the presently published outcome figures of various epilepsy surgeries is attempted. Possible future scenarios, including radiosurgery, are critically discussed. Some palliative procedures, such as corpus callosotomy, for certain patients, who are not candidates for curative resective epilepsy surgery, are briefly dealt with. Quality-control and multidisciplinary and world-wide collaboration are emphasized.
Efficient Extended Boolean Retrieval

Extended Boolean retrieval (EBR) models were proposed nearly three decades ago, but have had little practical impact, despite their significant advantages compared to either ranked keyword or pure Boolean retrieval. In particular, EBR models produce meaningful rankings; their query model allows the representation of complex concepts in an and-or format; and they are scrutable, in that the score assigned to a document depends solely on the content of that document, unaffected by any collection statistics or other external factors. These characteristics make EBR models attractive in domains typified by medical and legal searching, where the emphasis is on iterative development of reproducible complex queries of dozens or even hundreds of terms. However, EBR is much more computationally expensive than the alternatives. We consider the implementation of the p-norm approach to EBR, and demonstrate that ideas used in the max-score and wand exact optimization techniques for ranked keyword retrieval can be adapted to allow selective bypass of documents via a low-cost screening process for this and similar retrieval models. We also propose term-independent bounds that are able to further reduce the number of score calculations for short, simple queries under the extended Boolean retrieval model. Together, these methods yield an overall saving from 50 to 80 percent of the evaluation cost on test queries drawn from biomedical search.
Experimental Characterization of CMOS Interconnect Open Defects

Open defects have been intentionally designed in a set of interconnect metal lines. In order to improve the controllability and the observability of the experimental design, a simple bus structure with a scan register followed by a hold register is used to manage the set of interconnect lines. The strength of the open defects has been varied within a realistic range of resistances ranging from a full (complete) open to a weak (low resistance) open by means of broken metal lines and transmission gates, respectively. Experiments performed with an automatic test equipment show the influence of coupling capacitances with adjacent lines on the electrical behavior of the defective line. Furthermore, experimental evidence of the history effect on the delay caused by resistive opens is investigated. Validation of the measured results by means of theoretical as well as simulation analysis is presented. Finally, some recommendations to generate stuck-at, IDDQ and delay test are discussed in order to improve the detectability of such defects.
Physiological regulation of yeast cell death in multicellular colonies is triggered by ammonia

The existence of programmed cell death (PCD) in yeast and its significance to simple unicellular organisms is still questioned. However, such doubts usually do not reflect the fact that microorganisms in nature exist predominantly within structured, multicellular communities capable of differentiation, in which a profit of individual cells is subordinated to a profit of populations. In this study, we show that some PCD features naturally appear during the development of multicellular Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies. An ammonia signal emitted by aging colonies triggers metabolic changes that localize yeast death only in the colony center. The remaining population can exploit the released nutrients and survives. In colonies defective in Sok2p transcription factor that are unable to produce ammonia (Váchová, L., F. Devaux, H. Kucerova, M. Ricicova, C. Jacq, and Z. Palková. 2004. J. Biol. Chem. 279:37973–37981), death is spread throughout the whole population, thus decreasing the lifetime of the colony. The absence of Mca1p metacaspase or Aif1p orthologue of mammalian apoptosis-inducing factor does not prevent regulated death in yeast colonies.
Activation of autophagy by FOXO3 regulates redox homeostasis during osteogenic differentiation

ABSTRACT Bone remodeling is a continuous physiological process that requires constant generation of new osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast requires a metabolic switch from glycolysis to increased mitochondrial respiration to ensure the sufficient energy supply to complete this process. As a consequence of this increased mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) rise. In the current study we analyzed the role of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in the control of ROS levels in human MSCs (hMSCs) during osteogenic differentiation. Treatment of hMSCs with H2O2 induced FOXO3 phosphorylation at Ser294 and nuclear translocation. This ROS-mediated activation of FOXO3 was dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8/JNK) activity. Upon FOXO3 downregulation, osteoblastic differentiation was impaired and hMSCs lost their ability to control elevated ROS levels. Our results also demonstrate that in response to elevated ROS levels, FOXO3 induces autophagy in hMSCs. In line with this, impairment of autophagy by autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) knockdown resulted in a reduced capacity of hMSCs to regulate elevated ROS levels, together with a reduced osteoblast differentiation. Taken together our findings are consistent with a model where in hMSCs, FOXO3 is required to induce autophagy and thereby reduce elevated ROS levels resulting from the increased mitochondrial respiration during osteoblast differentiation. These new molecular insights provide an important contribution to our better understanding of bone physiology.
Increased Fragility of Escherichia coli After Infection with Bacteriophage M13

Male strains of Escherichia coli infected with filamentous phage M13 released the progeny phage particles from intact cells. At the same time, the cells continued to grow and multiply at a slightly lower rate than the uninfected cells. Concomitant with the phage release, lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall of the infected cells was also released. The buoyant density of E. coli HfrC in diaginol, 1.25 g/cc, did not change as a result of infection. Detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate and Sarkosyl specifically lysed the infected cells. The infected cells showed enhanced fragility as indicated by inactivation by various stresses, namely heat, osmotic shock, and freezing and thawing. It is concluded that the infection with M13 causes certain alterations in the surface structure of E. coli, thus making the cells more fragile.
An Analysis of Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance in Underwater Friction Stir Welded 304L Stainless Steel

AN ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE IN UNDERWATER FRICTION STIR WELDED 304L STAINLESS STEEL Tad D. Clark Department of Mechanical Engineering Master of Science An effective procedure and parameter window was developed for underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) 304L stainless steel with a PCBN tool. UWFSW produced statistically significant: increases in yield strengths, decreases in percent elongation. The ultimate tensile strength was found to be significantly higher at certain parameters. Although sigma was identified in the UWFSWs, a significant reduction of sigma was found in UWFSWs compared to ambient FSWs. The degree of sensitization in UWFSWs was evaluated using double loop EPR testing and oxalic acid electro-etched metallography. Results were compared to base metal, ambient FSW, and arc welds. Upper and lower sensitization localization bands were identified in the UWFSWs. Although higher sensitization levels were present in UWFSWs compared to the arc weld, ambient FSW, and heat treated base metals, the UWFSWs were found less susceptible to corrosion than arc welds due to the subsurface location of the sensitization bands. A SCC analysis of UWFSWs relative to base metal and arc weldments was performed. U-bends were exposed to two 3.5% NaCl cyclic immersion experiments at 21 C and 63 C for 1000 hours each. A tertiary test was conducted in a 25% NaCl boiling solution. The UWFSW u-bends were no more susceptible to SCC than base metal in the cyclic immersion tests. In the boiling NaCl test, the SCC of the UWFSWs showed significant improvement over the SCC of arc welds. Arc u-bends cracked entirely within the weld bead and HAZ, while SCC in the UWFSWs showed no cracking localization.
Distinctive interest point selection for efficient near-duplicate image retrieval

Distinctive subset of the interest points creation for near-duplicate image retrieval is significant in two terms. The former is that the query time decreases reasonably. The latter is that using the distinctive subsets performs better than the ordinary subsets. In this paper, we focus on the creation of such subsets for effective near-duplicate retrieval and propose a novel interest point selection method. In this method, the distinctive subset is created with a ranking according to a density map calculated from the interest points. We examined a number of experiments to show the performance of the proposed method and we got a convincing result of 95.46% recall while the precision is still 96.04%.
Impact of the CFTR-Potentiator Ivacaftor on Airway Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Carrying A G551D Mutation

Background Airway microbiota composition has been clearly correlated with many pulmonary diseases, and notably with cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, a new molecule, ivacaftor, has been shown to re-establish the functionality of the G551D-mutated CFTR, allowing significant improvement in lung function. Objective and Methods The purpose of this study was to follow the evolution of the airway microbiota in CF patients treated with ivacaftor, using quantitative PCR and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, in order to identify quantitative and qualitative changes in bacterial communities. Three G551D children were followed up longitudinally over a mean period of more than one year covering several months before and after initiation of ivacaftor treatment. Results 129 operational taxonomy units (OTUs), representing 64 genera, were identified. There was no significant difference in total bacterial load before and after treatment. Comparison of global community composition found no significant changes in microbiota. Two OTUs, however, showed contrasting dynamics: after initiation of ivacaftor, the relative abundance of the anaerobe Porphyromonas 1 increased (p<0.01) and that of Streptococcus 1 (S. mitis group) decreased (p<0.05), possibly in relation to the anti-Gram-positive properties of ivacaftor. The anaerobe Prevotella 2 correlated positively with the pulmonary function test FEV-1 (r=0.73, p<0.05). The study confirmed the presumed positive role of anaerobes in lung function. Conclusion Several airway microbiota components, notably anaerobes (obligate or facultative anaerobes), could be valuable biomarkers of lung function improvement under ivacaftor, and could shed light on the pathophysiology of lung disease in CF patients.
Accelerated Training of Linear Object Detectors

We describe a general and exact method to speed up the training of linear object detection systems operating in a sliding, multi-scale window fashion, such as deformable part-based models. Our approach consists of reformulating the computation of the gradient as a convolution, and making use of properties of the Fourier transform to obtain a speedup factor proportional to the linear filters' sizes. This technique does not rely on the sparsity induced by a specific loss, nor on a stochastic sub-sampling of the training examples. Experiments on the PASCAL VOC benchmark show a speedup factor of more than one order of magnitude compared to a standard exact generic method.
Do Native and Invasive Labels Affect Consumer Willingness to Pay for Plants? Evidence from Experimental Auctions

The ultimate objective of commercial horticultural activities is to satisfy the needs of the final consumer. Consumer demand for novel plants drives the ornamental plant industry. Therefore, dispersal of native and invasive horticultural plants can be understood by considering the decisions/choices of consumers who decide which plants to purchase from retailers. In contrast to previous studies on invasive and native plants, this study uses an experimental auction to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for labeled native and invasive attributes. Results from a censored random effect model show that consumers’ WTP for plants decreases when the plants are labeled as invasive and increases when plants are labeled as native. The study finds that consumers discount an invasive attribute more for native than for non-native plants. Consumers’ sociodemographics and attitudes—age, income, gender, concern about environment, interest in plant quality, ease of care and sensitivity to price—significantly alter consumer’s WTP for native and invasive attributes. The implications of this study are notable given the consumers’ increasing concern about the environment and recent debate over sustainable labeling of plants by the horticulture industry.
Asynchronous secure computations with optimal resilience (extended abstract)

We investigate the problem of multiparty computations in a fully connected, asynchronous network of n players, in which up to t Byzantine faults may occur. It was shown in [BCG93] that secure error-less multiparty computation is possible in this setting if and only if t < n/4. We show that when exponentially small probability of error is allowed, this task can be achieved even when the number of faults is in the range n/4 ~ t < n/3. From the lower bounds of [BCG93] for the asynchronous fail-stop model it follows that the resilience, t < n/3, of our protocol is optimal. We describe an ( [~1 – I)-resilient protocol that securely computes any function F. With overwhelming probability all the non-faulty players complete the execution of the protocol. Given that all the honest players terminate the protocol, they do so in time polynomial in n, in the boolean complexity of 3, and in Pog -$1, where c is the error probability. Our protocol follows the scheme of [BGW88, RB89] for multiparty computations in synchronous networks, in which the intermediary results of a circuit for F are always kept shared among the players as a verifiable secret. As the asynchronous network makes it impossible to use a regular Verifiable Secret Sharing scheme for computations, we introduce a new secret sharing scheme called Ultimate Secret Sharing. This scheme guarantees that all the honest players will obtain their share of the secret, and it enables the players to verify that the shares are genuine. “Supported by the Eshkol Fellowship of the Israel Ministry of
Silencing Nicotiana attenuata LHY and ZTL alters circadian rhythms in flowers.

The rhythmic opening/closing and volatile emissions of flowers are known to attract pollinators at specific times. That these rhythms are maintained under constant light or dark conditions suggests a circadian clock involvement. Although a forward and reverse genetic approach has led to the identification of core circadian clock components in Arabidopsis thaliana, the involvement of these clock components in floral rhythms has remained untested, probably because of the weak diurnal rhythms in A. thaliana flowers. Here, we addressed the role of these core clock components in the flowers of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, whose flowers open at night, emit benzyl acetone (BA) scents and move vertically through a 140° arc. We first measured N. attenuata floral rhythms under constant light conditions. The results suggest that the circadian clock controls flower opening, BA emission and pedicel movement, but not flower closing. We generated transgenic N. attenuata lines silenced in the homologous genes of Arabidopsis LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL), which are known to be core clock components. Silencing NaLHY and NaZTL strongly altered floral rhythms in different ways, indicating that conserved clock components in N. attenuata coordinate these floral rhythms.
Volumetric navigators for prospective motion correction and selective reacquisition in neuroanatomical MRI

We introduce a novel method of prospectively compensating for subject motion in neuroanatomical imaging. Short three‐dimensional echo‐planar imaging volumetric navigators are embedded in a long three‐dimensional sequence, and the resulting image volumes are registered to provide an estimate of the subject's location in the scanner at a cost of less than 500 ms, ∼ 1% change in contrast, and ∼3% change in intensity. This time fits well into the existing gaps in sequences routinely used for neuroimaging, thus giving a motion‐corrected sequence with no extra time required. We also demonstrate motion‐driven selective reacquisition of k‐space to further compensate for subject motion. We perform multiple validation experiments to evaluate accuracy, navigator impact on tissue intensity/contrast, and the improvement in final output. The complete system operates without adding additional hardware to the scanner and requires no external calibration, making it suitable for high‐throughput environments. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applied Theory Object-orientation, Visual Language, and Xml Object-oriented Document Production with Xml 2. Markup Model Selection or Development Object-orientation, Visual Language, and Xml Johnsen Document (re)presentation Hornјs Concept of Visual Language Object-orientation, Visual Language, and 

SUMMARY ᭜ Argues that document analysis and design can integrate ideas from modern text theory into object-oriented thinking ᭜ Demonstrates how object-orientation and visual language may be used to map text structures onto perceptual object configurations W ith the increased use of XML (Extensible Markup Language) and derived markup languages , the production of technical documentation will, to a great extent, become a software engineering enterprise based on the so-called object-oriented paradigm. One of the main advantages of object-orientation is that it provides document designers and tool developers with a framework for addressing conceptual as well as technological issues in document analysis and design in a consistent way based on set theoretical principles. However, the premise of this article is that object orientation alone, despite its useful formal foundation, is not quite sufficient to describe communicative aspects of documents , in particular the functional and rhetorical roles of visual design. Instead, the article makes the case for an approach to document analysis and design that seeks to integrate ideas from modern text theory into object-oriented thinking. By combining object orientation with theoretical notions about text, it will eventually be possible to create a common formal vocabulary for thinking and talking about digital document architectures and, more narrowly , the relationship between markup, information design , and meaning. This article focuses on what we may call document (re)presentation, the transformation of marked-up XML files in plain text into customized, formatted user documents (and vice versa). Thus, its main aim is to demonstrate how the combination of object-orientation and Horn's notions of visual language morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics may be used to analyze and describe the mapping of formally expressed text structures onto perceptual object configurations. I hope that by integrating these two perspectives, we will have a more complete set of analytic tools for dealing with digital documentation in its various guises. In addition, a brief attempt is made to raise the question of whether or how greatly the coupling of object-orientation and visual language might also be exploited more directly for design purposes in an XML context. XML is becoming a key element in many organizations' strategies to cope with the increasing demands for updated , flexible, and usable information products. XML and XML technologies should help them ᭜ Ensure consistency in, and across, documents ᭜ Publish information content in multiple media ᭜ Reuse information modules across documents ᭜ …