Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To be male or female--that is the question.

Boys will be boys. Or is it quite so simple? In this issue of theArchives, Diamond and Sigmundson 1 report a case with longitudinal insights illustrative of what "proper maleness and femaleness" might be. In a world of socioculturally directed political correctness, this can be a difficult subject to explore. For as we are barraged by media, sexual athletics, and voyeurism on one side, we are awash in sexual activism and gender politics on the other. Yet the fabric of sexuality often seems no more discernible today than it might have been to our forefathers, content as they probably were in their world of proper maleness and femaleness. The case reported is that of a 46 XY child who was sex reassigned in infancy due to traumatic loss of the penis. This child, at least as his case evolved into early adolescence, is well known within the literature, referenced
Two possible approaches for ionospheric forecasting to be employed along with the IRI model

Ionospheric forecasting is a popular research area required by telecommunication and navigation system planners and operators. The problem is challenging because ionospheric processes are nonlinear. Data-driven techniques are of particular interest since they overcome most of these difficulties. In this work, two possible ionospheric forecasting approaches have been considered to be employed along with the IRI model. The authors reported these approaches previously. Ionospheric critical frequency values have been forecast using Fuzzy inference and Neural Networks considering the two possible approaches, METU-FNN and METU-NN. In parallel, the foF2 values have been calculated based on the IRI model.
A Note On One Realization of a Scalable Shor Algorithm

Very recently, Monz, et al. have reported the demonstration of factoring 15 using a scalable Shor algorithm with an ion-trap quantum computer. In this note, we remark that the report is somewhat misleading because there are three flaws in the proposed circuit diagram of Shor algorithm. We also remark that the principles behind the demonstration have not been explained properly, including its correctness and complexity.
CHI-SQUARED GOODNESS OF FIT TEST FOR GENERALIZED BIRNBAUM-SAUNDERS MODELS FOR RIGHT CENSORED DATA AND ITS RELIABILITY APPLICATIONS

Generalized Birnbaum-Saunders (GBS) distributions are proposed by Diaz-Garcia et al. ((15), (16)) based on the family of elliptically contoured univariate distributions. This model is well-known as the highly flexible lifetime model by the difference in the degrees of kurtosis and asymmetry and processes uni-modality and bimodality. In this paper, a modifier Chi-squared goodness-of-fit test based on Nikulin-Rao-Robson statistics ࢅ௡ is developed for the family of GBS distributions for the right censored data with unknown parameters by using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Some applications of this model in survival analysis discuss also in the section of real study.
Thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle in nutritional assessment of surgical patients

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the correlation between thickness of the muscle adductor pollicis and anthropometric measurements, body mass index and Subjective Global Assessment in the nutritional assessment of surgical patients. Methods The study population comprised patients admitted to the general and reconstructive surgery unit of a university hospital in the city of Vitória (ES), Brazil. The inclusion criteria were patients evaluated in the first 48 hours of admission, aged ≥20 years, hemodynamically stable, with no edema or ascites. Data analysis was performed using the software Statistical Package for Social Science 21.0, significance level of 5%. Results The sample consisted of 150 patients that were candidates to surgery, mean age of 42.7±12.0 years. The most common reasons for hospitalization were surgical procedures, gastrintestinal diseases and neoplasm. Significant association was observed between thickness of adductor pollicis muscle and Subjective Global Assessment (p=0.021) and body mass index (p=0.008) for nutritional risk. Significant correlation was found between thickness of adductor pollicis muscle and arm muscle circumference, corrected arm muscle area, calf circumference and body mass index. There were no significant correlations between thickness of adductor pollicis muscle and triceps skinfold and age. Conclusion The use of thickness of adductor pollicis muscle proved to be an efficient method to detect malnutrition in surgical patients and it should be added to the screening process of hospitalized patients, since it is easy to perform, inexpensive and noninvasive.
Teachers as bricoleurs : producing plausible readings of curriculum documents

This paper describes teachers as bricoleurs who are professionals engaging in rigorous theoretical work as they construct meaningful assemblages of classroom practice. The author uses examples of two teachers taking up critical literacy discourses in their teaching and conversations to explain the construction of the teacher as bricoleur. Drawing on work by Deleuze and Guattari, a rhizotextual analysis of data is undertaken to explain the connections between the disparate discourses used by the two teachers and the documents of the Queensland English Syllabus. This understanding of the professional work of teachers negates assumptions about teachers as atheoretical and blind followers of departmental policies and curriculum directives. The author concludes with a description of one method for giving teachers the time and reflexive space to theoretically engage with issues surrounding their professional practice.
Truncated HBx‐dependent silencing of GAS2 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through deregulation of cell cycle, senescence and p53‐mediated apoptosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide threat to public health, especially in China, where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is found in 80–90% of all HCCs. The HBV‐encoded X antigen (HBx) is a trans‐regulatory protein involved in virus‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Although the carboxyl‐terminus‐truncated HBx, rather than the full‐length counterpart, is frequently overexpressed in human HCCs, its functional mechanisms are not fully defined. We investigated the molecular function of a naturally occurring HBx variant which has 35 amino acids deleted at the C‐terminus (HBxΔ35). Genome‐wide scanning analysis and PCR validation identified growth arrest‐specific 2 (GAS2) as a direct target of HBxΔ35 at transcriptional level in human immortalized liver cells. HBxΔ35 was found to bind the promoter region of GAS2 and attenuate its expression to promote hepatocellular proliferation and tumourigenicity. Further functional assays demonstrated that GAS2 induces p53‐dependent apoptosis and senescence to counteract HBxΔ35‐mediated tumourigenesis. Notably, GAS2 expression was significantly down‐regulated in HCCs compared with the corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, our integrated study uncovered a novel viral mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis, wherein HBxΔ35 deregulates cell growth via direct silencing of GAS2 and thereby provides a survival advantage for pre‐neoplastic hepatocytes to facilitate cancer development. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial experimental investigation of undulating fin

An environment-friendly propulsion system mimicking undulating fins of cuttlefish or stingray has been built. A nonconventional method was considered to model the flexibility of the fins of cuttlefish or stingray. A two-degree-of-freedom linkage was designed and constructed to mimic the actual flexible fin. Several linkages were used to form a mechanical fin consisting of several fin segments, which are able to produce undulations, similar to those produced by the actual fins. A number of experiments were carried out on the mechanical fin attached to a buoyant tank, which mimics a fish. The results were found consistent with anguilliform swimming behavior.
Fast Sparse Superposition Codes Have Near Exponential Error Probability for $R<{\cal C}$

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power constraint, sparse superposition codes are developed. These codes are based on the statistical high-dimensional regression framework. In a previous paper, we investigated decoding using the optimal maximum-likelihood decoding scheme. Here, a fast decoding algorithm, called the adaptive successive decoder, is developed. For any rate R less than the capacity C, communication is shown to be reliable with nearly exponentially small error probability. Specifically, for blocklength n, it is shown that the error probability is exponentially small in n/logn.
Patterns of Effects and Sensitivity Analysis for Differences-in-Differences

Applied analysts often use the differences-in-differences (DID) method to estimate the causal effect of policy interventions with observational data. The method is widely used, as the required before and after comparison of a treated and control group is commonly encountered in practice. DID removes bias from unobserved time-invariant confounders. While DID removes bias from time-invariant confounders, bias from time-varying confounders may be present. Hence, like any observational comparison, DID studies remain susceptible to bias from hidden confounders. Here, we develop a method of sensitivity analysis that allows investigators to quantify the amount of bias necessary to change a study's conclusions. Our method operates within a matched design that removes bias from observed baseline covariates. We develop methods for both binary and continuous outcomes. We then apply our methods to two different empirical examples from the social sciences. In the first application, we study the effect of changes to disability payments in Germany. In the second, we re-examine whether election day registration increased turnout in Wisconsin.
Fourier Analysis on Transient Imaging with a Multifrequency Time-of-Flight Camera

A transient image is the optical impulse response of a scene which visualizes light propagation during an ultra-short time interval. In this paper we discover that the data captured by a multifrequency time-of-flight (ToF) camera is the Fourier transform of a transient image, and identify the sources of systematic error. Based on the discovery we propose a novel framework of frequency-domain transient imaging, as well as algorithms to remove systematic error. The whole process of our approach is of much lower computational cost, especially lower memory usage, than Heide et al.'s approach using the same device. We evaluate our approach on both synthetic and real-datasets.
Alternatively spliced forms in the carboxy-terminal domain of the p53 protein regulate its ability to promote annealing of complementary single strands of nucleic acids

The carboxy-terminal domain of the p53 protein comprising amino acid residues 311 to 393 is able to promote the reassociation of single-stranded RNA or DNA into duplex hybrids. This domain is as efficient as the intact p53 protein in both the rate and the extent of the double-stranded product produced in this reaction. Both wild-type and mutant p53 proteins from cancerous cells carry out this reaction. The monoclonal antibody PAb421, which detects an epitope between residues 370 and 378, blocks the ability of p53 to reassociate single strands of RNA or DNA. Similarly, the alternative splice form of the murine p53 protein, which removes amino acid residues 364 to 390 and replaces them with 17 new amino acids, does not carry out the reassociation reaction with RNA or DNA. This is the first indication of functionally distinct properties of the alternative splice forms of p53. These results suggest that this splice alternative can regulate a p53-mediated reaction that may be related to the functions of this protein.
Towards the Detection of Reliable Food-Health Relationships

We investigate the task of detecting reliable statements about food-health relationships from natural language texts. For that purpose, we created a specially annotated web corpus from forum entries discussing the healthiness of certain food items. We examine a set of task-specific features (mostly) based on linguistic insights that are instrumental in finding utterances that are commonly perceived as reliable. These features are incorporated in a supervised classifier and compared against standard features that are widely used for various tasks in natural language processing, such as bag of words, part-of speech and syntactic parse information.
Recovery Across the Life Cycle

There is a growing body of literature on addiction recovery, but the effects of age of recovery initiation on the prospects and patterns of addiction recovery remain relatively unexplored. The purpose of this article is to explore the prevalence of, and the qualitative differences in, addiction recovery across the developmental life cycle. The review will include the influence of age of recovery initiation on differences in recovery pathways, styles of recovery, developmental stages and recovery stability.
New orally active anticoagulant agents for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

Patients with cancer have a 6–7-fold higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as compared with non-cancer patients. Effective and safe anticoagulation for the prevention and treatment of VTE is the cornerstone of the management of patients with cancer, aiming to decrease morbidity and mortality and to improve quality of life. Unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are used in the prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients. Heparins and fondaparinux are administered subcutaneously. VKAs are orally active, but they have a narrow therapeutic window, numerous food and drug interactions, and treatment requires regular laboratory monitoring and dose adjustment. These limitations among others have important negative impact on the quality of life of patients and decrease adherence to the treatment. New orally active anticoagulant (NOAC) agents are specific inhibitors of activated factor Xa (FXa) (rivaroxaban and apixaban) or thrombin (dabigatran). It is expected that NOACs will improve antithrombotic treatment. Cancer patients are a particular group that could benefit from treatment with NOACs. However, NOACs present some significant interactions with drugs frequently used in cancer patients, which might influence their pharmacokinetics, compromising their efficacy and safety. In the present review, we analyzed the available data from the subgroups of patients with active cancer who were included in Phase III clinical trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of NOACs in the prevention and treatment of VTE. The data from the Phase III trials in prophylaxis of VTE by rivaroxaban or apixaban highlight that these two agents, although belonging to the same pharmacological group (direct inhibitors of factor Xa), have substantially different profiles of efficacy and safety, especially in hospitalized acutely ill medical patients with active cancer. A limited number of patients with VTE and active cancer were included in the Phase III trials (EINSTEIN, AMPLIFY, and RE-COVER) which evaluated the efficacy and safety of NOACs in the acute phase and secondary prevention of VTE. Although, from a conceptual point of view, NOACs could be an attractive alternative for the treatment of VTE in cancer patients, the available data do not support this option. In addition, due to the elimination of the NOACs by the liver and renal pathway as well as because of their pharmacological interactions with drugs which are frequently used in cancer patients, an eventual use of these drugs in cancer patients should be extremely cautious and be restricted only to patients presenting with contraindications for low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux, or VKAs. The analysis of the available data presented in this review reinforces the request for the design of new Phase III clinical trials for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of NOACs in specific populations of patients with cancer.
Streptomyces Griseus Protease C a Novel Enzyme of the Chymotrypsin Superfamily*

In this report we describe a novel chymotrypsin-like serine protease produced by Streptomyces griseus. The enzyme has been tentatively named S. griseus protease C (SGPC). The gene encoding the enzyme (sprC) was identified and isolated on the basis of its homology to the previously characterized S. griseus protease B (SGPB). The sprC gene encodes a 457-amino acid pre-pro-mature protein of which only the 255 carboxyl-ter-mmal amino acids are present in the mature enzyme. Mature SGPC contains two distinct domains connected by a 19-amino acid linker region rich in threonines and prolines. While the amino-terminal domain is homolo-gous to S. griseus proteases A, B, and E and the a-lytic protease of Lysobacter enzymogenes, the carboxyl-terminal domain is not homologous with any known protease. However, the carboxyl-terminal domain shares extensive homology with chitin-binding domains of Bacillus circulans chitinases A1 and D, suggesting that the enzyme is specialized for the degradation of chitin-linked proteins. Recombinant expression and preliminary characterization of the catalytic properties of the enzyme are also reported. The primary specificity of SGPC is similar to that of SGPB; both enzymes preferentially cleave peptide bonds following large hydrophobic side chains. The soil microorganism Streptomyces griseus secretes a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. Consequently, it is the source of a commercial, crude enzyme preparation known as Pronase. Several members of the chymotrypsin-like serine protease family have been purified from Pronase. The corresponding genes have been isolated using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on the amino acid sequences of the enzymes. Past studies uncovered the enzymes S. griseus protease A (SGPA),' S. griseus protease B and divergence of enzymes secreted from S. griseus has not been determined. As part of an evolutionary study of the S. griseus proteases, we adopted a strategy for cloning protease The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked " aduertisement " in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The nucleotide sequencers) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankmIEMBL Data Bank with accession number(s) L29018. genes whose products were either undetectable in, or absent from, the Pronase preparation. Initially, S. griseus genomic DNA was probed with a portion of the gene encoding the previously characterized protease SGPB. Our approach revealed six genomic fragments with significant homology to SGPB. Four of the fragments were found to contain previously known …
Using time series analysis to evaluate skin conductance during movement in piano improvisation

During musical improvisation, performers’ skin conductance (SC, a measure of psychological arousal) may respond to movement and to events whose timing is beyond control. SC has not been studied in these difficult conditions. Our purpose was to establish a procedure and analysis that would permit the meaningful use of continuous SC measures while pianists play. Consequently, two case studies of SC during piano performances develop an effective method. SC was measured at the left ankle and movement was monitored nearby. Two musicians performed manipulations of movement (flexing legs, hand motion), and performance content (playing scales versus improvisation) and type (actual, silent and imagined). Time series analysis modeled SC in relation to supplied improvisational referents. We could interpret SC during performance, provided that we accounted for the impact of movement. We detected genuine SC changes around moments of transition between musical segments; these could reflect the mental effort of planning and generating music. In a subsequent validation study, we demonstrated the applicability of our method for SC analysis to performances by nine professional piano improvisers.
Investigation on localisation accuracy for first and higher order ambisonics reproduced sound sources

Ambisonics and higher order ambisonics (HOA) technologies aim at reproducing sound field either synthesised or previously recorded with dedicated microphones. Based on a spherical harmonic decomposition, the sound field is more precisely described when higher-order components are used. The presented study evaluated the perceptual and objective localisation accuracy of the sound field encoded with four microphones of order one to four and decoded over a ring of loudspeakers. A perceptual test showed an improvement of the localisation with higher order ambisonic microphones. Reproduced localisation indices were estimated for the four microphones and the respective synthetic systems of order one to four. The perceptual and objective analysis revealed the same conclusions. The localisation accuracy depends on the ambisonic order as well as the source incidence. Furthermore, impairments linked to the microphones were highlighted.
A Study of the influence of channel resistance parameters on lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines

In this paper, a lightning return-stroke model that considers a nonlinear resistance is used to investigate the influence of three different parameters on lightning-induced voltages on a nearby overhead line, namely channel conductivity, initial channel radius, and a constant responsible for controlling the rate of radial expansion of the channel. The obtained results suggest that the modification of the return-stroke current resulting from realistic variations of such parameters is unlikely to lead to significant changes on calculated lightning-induced voltages.
Multiple regression models for a big data empowered SON framework

In the 5G era, the operational cost of network is expected to increase significantly because of networks' densification, the concurrent operation at multiple frequency bands, and the simultaneous use of different medium access as latent components of 5G. To decrease the operational cost of networks, engineers have tuned to self-organizing networks (SON) that facilitate automatic operation of a network. Challenges have emerged, however, that hinder the current SON paradigm from meeting the requirements of 5G. To overcome these challenges, researchers have proposed a framework for empowering SON with big data. The framework of big data empowered SON analyzes the relationship between key performance indicators (KPIs) and related network parameters (NPs) using machine learning tools; with those parameters, the framework develops regression models using Gaussian process. These models are then applied to the SON engine to be further optimized for operation. The problem, however, is that the methods of finding NPs related to KPI differ case by case. In addition, it is not easy to apprehend the relationship between a KPI and the various NPs related to that KPI with the Gaussian process regression model because it is a single regression. In this paper, to alleviate these two problems, we propose multiple regression models based on MapReduce, where a KPI is the dependent variable and NPs are the independent variables; then we also describe implementation issues with MapReduce.