Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A tale of migration to cloud computing for sharing experiences and observations

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm, which promises to make the utility computing model comprehensively implemented by using virtualization technologies. An increasing number of enterprises have started providing and using Cloud-enabled infrastructures and services. However, the advancement of cloud computing poses several new challenges to existing methods and approaches to develop and evolve software intensive systems. This paper reports our experiences and observations gained from migrating an Open Source Software (OSS), Hackystat, to cloud computing. We expect that our description of Hackystat's architecture prior and after migration and design decisions can provide some guidance about modifying architecture of a service-based system for cloud computing. Moreover, we also hope that our experiences reported in this paper can contribute to the identification of some research questions for improving software engineering support for developing and evolving cloud-enabled systems.
On The Bayesian Occam Factors Argument For Occam's Razor

This paper discusses some of the problematic aspects of the Bayesian first-principles ``proof'' of Occam's razor which involves Occam factors. Although it is true that the posterior for a model is reduced due to Occam factors if that model is capable of expressing many functions, the phenomenon need not have anything to do with Occam's razor. This paper shows this by i) performing {\it reductio ad absurdum} on the argument that the Occam factors effect implies Occam's razor; ii) presenting an alternative Bayesian approach which explicitly does not result in Occam's razor; and finally iii) disentangling the undelying problem with viewing the Occam factors argument as a proof or ``automatic embodiment'' of Occam's razor.
The application slowdown model: Quantifying and controlling the impact of inter-application interference at shared caches and main memory

In a multi-core system, interference at shared resources (such as caches and main memory) slows down applications running on different cores. Accurately estimating the slowdown of each application has several benefits: e.g., it can enable shared resource allocation in a manner that avoids unfair application slowdowns or provides slowdown guarantees. Unfortunately, prior works on estimating slowdowns either lead to inaccurate estimates, do not take into account shared caches, or rely on a priori application knowledge. This severely limits their applicability. In this work, we propose the Application Slowdown Model (ASM), a new technique that accurately estimates application slowdowns due to interference at both the shared cache and main memory, in the absence of a priori application knowledge. ASM is based on the observation that the performance of each application is strongly correlated with the rate at which the application accesses the shared cache. Thus, ASM reduces the problem of estimating slowdown to that of estimating the shared cache access rate of the application had it been run alone on the system. To estimate this for each application, ASM periodically 1) minimizes interference for the application at the main memory, 2) quantifies the interference the application receives at the shared cache, in an aggregate manner for a large set of requests. Our evaluations across 100 workloads show that ASM has an average slowdown estimation error of only 9.9%, a 2.97× improvement over the best previous mechanism. We present several use cases of ASM that leverage its slowdown estimates to improve fairness, performance and provide slowdown guarantees. We provide detailed evaluations of three such use cases: slowdown-aware cache partitioning, slowdown-aware memory bandwidth partitioning and an example scheme to provide soft slowdown guarantees. Our evaluations show that these new schemes perform significantly better than state-of-the-art cache partitioning and memory scheduling schemes.
Separation of noncommutative differential calculus on quantum Minkowski space

Noncommutative differential calculus on quantum Minkowski space is not separated with respect to the standard generators, in the sense that partial derivatives of functions of a single generator can depend on all other generators. It is shown that this problem can be overcome by a separation of variables. We study the action of the universal L-matrix, appearing in the coproduct of partial derivatives, on generators. Powers of the resulting quantum Minkowski algebra valued matrices are calculated. This leads to a nonlinear coordinate transformation which essentially separates the calculus. A compact formula for general derivatives is obtained in form of a chain rule with partial Jackson derivatives. It is applied to the massive quantum Klein-Gordon equation by reducing it to an ordinary q-difference equation. The rest state solution can be expressed in terms of a product of q-exponential functions in the separated variables.
Spoke: a 120-kD protein associated with a novel filamentous structure on or near kinetochore microtubules in the mitotic spindle

We have characterized an antiserum that recognizes a single 120-kD protein in CHO cells which is soluble and cytoplasmically localized in interphase, but which is associated with a novel filamentous structure localized on or near kinetochore microtubules in mid-mitosis. These filaments, one per sister chromatid, run from near the mitotic spindle pole to within approximately 0.3 microns of each kinetochore. In metaphase, the staining pattern shows considerable substructure at light microscopy resolution, appearing as bright nodes or striations, often with a kinked or helical appearance. This overall localization pattern is retained throughout anaphase, with the filaments shortening as the chromosomes move toward the mitotic spindle poles. Also in anaphase, a separate ring-like structure lacking a tubulin-staining component appears near the spindle poles. As cells exit mitosis, the amount of this antigen in the cell decreases seven- to tenfold. The unusual staining pattern and the specific localization of this antigen on or near kinetochore microtubules in mid-mitosis indicate that the 120-kD protein defines or is associated with an important and previously unrecognized structural element of the mitotic spindle.
Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor from patients with myopia

Purpose The mechanism of axial elongation in the myopic eyeball remains to be elucidated. It is known that the expression profile for some proteins in the aqueous humor (AH) changes in some diseases. Accordingly, determinations of these AH proteins may serve to understand their potential role in this pathogenesis. To identify the possible mechanism in myopia development, a proteomic analysis of the AH composition from high myopic eyes (patients) was performed and compared with that of the AH composition from non-myopic cataract eyes (controls). Methods Total protein concentration in AH was determined by the Bradford method, and separation profiles were analyzed by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Protein in gel was determined by silver stain, and the separation profiles were analyzed to assess spot density changes between myopia and non-myopia patients. These spots in gel were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. Results The total protein concentration in AH with high myopia was significantly greater than that of non-myopia. A total of six spots were significantly increased in 2D gels from high myopia. The spots were derived from albumin, transthyretin, and a vitamin D-binding protein. Conclusions The protein composition in AH was significantly different between myopia and non-myopia. The identified proteins could be a potential biomarker for high myopia development and may play a role in the mechanisms of myopia ocular axial elongation.
Selecting tests and identifying test coverage requirements for modified software

Regression testing is performed on modified software to provide confidence that changed and affected portions of the code behave correctly. We present an approach to regression testing that handles two important tasks: selecting tests from the existing test suite that should be rerun, and identifying portions of the code that must be covered by tests. Both tasks are performed by traversing graphs for the program and its modified version. We first apply our technique to single procedures and then show how our technique is applied at the interprocedural level. Our approach has several advantages over previous work. First, our test select ion technique is safe, selecting every test that may produce different output in the modified program. However, our selection technique chooses smaller test sets than other safe approaches. Second, our approach is the first safe approach to identify coverage requirements, and the first safe approach to do so interprocedurally. Third, our approach handles both structural and nonstructural program modifications, and processes multiple modific~ tions with a single application of the algorithm. Finally, our approach can be automated, and is applicable to all programs for which program dependence graphs can be constructed. *This work was partially supported by a grant from Data General Corporation, and by NSF under Grants CCR-9109531 and CCR-9357811 to Clemson University. Permission to co y without fee all or part of ttis material is E granted provided t at the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantaqe, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and Its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association of Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee ancflor specific permission. ISSTA 948/94 Seattle Washington USA @ 1994 ACM 0-89791 -683-Z9410008. $3.5O
Constructing identities through storytelling in diabetes management

The continuing epidemics of diabetes and obesity create much need for information technologies that can help individuals engage in proactive health management. Yet many of these technologies focus on such pragmatic issues as collecting and presenting health information and modifying individuals' behavior. At the same time, researchers in clinical community argue that individuals' perception of their identity has dramatic consequences for their health behaviors. In this paper we discuss results of a deployment study of a mobile health monitoring application. We show how individuals with considerable diabetes experience found a unique way to adopt this health-monitoring application to construct and negotiate their identities as persons with a chronic disease. We argue that viewing health management from identity construction perspective opens new opportunities for research and design in technologies for health.
Routing through Backbone Structures in Sensor Networks

Virtual infrastructures or backbones in wireless sensor networks reduce the communication overhead and energy consumption. In this paper, we present backbone routing (BBR), a novel fully distributed protocol for construction and rotation of backbone networks. BBR reduces energy consumption without significantly diminishing the capacity or connectivity of the network. Another key feature of BBR is its energy balancing nature by distributing the role of being backbone node among all the nodes. BBR builds on the observation that when a region of a shared-channel wireless network has a sufficient density of nodes, only a small number of them need be on at any time to forward traffic for active connections. Improvement in system lifetime due to BBR increases as the ratio of idle-to-sleep energy consumption increases, and increases as the density of the network increases. Our experiments show that BBR is more efficient in saving energy and extending network life without deteriorating network performance when compared with 802.11
Assessing and Comparing Classification Algorithms

Ethem Alpaydın Department of Computer Engineering Boğaziçi University TR-80815 Istanbul, Turkey alpaydin@boun.edu. tr Abstract Machine learning algorithms induce classifiers that depend on the training set and hyperparameters and there is a need fo r statistical testing for (i) assessing the expected error rate of a classifier, and (ii ) comparing the expected error rates of two classifiers. We re vi w interval estimation and hypothesis testing and discuss three tests for error rat e assessment and four tests for error rate comparison.
Some Bounds for the Singular Values of Matrices Ramazan Turkmen and

Abstract We know that to estimate matrix singular values ( especially the largest and the smallest ones ) is an attractive topic in matrix theory and numerical analysis. In this note, we first provide a simple estimate for the smallest singular value σn(A) of n × n positive definite matrix A. Secondly, we obtain some simple estimates for the smallest singular value σn(A) and the largest singular value σ1(A) of any n × n complex matrix A, which is not necessarily positive definite. Finally, we get a simple estimate for the largest singular value σ1(A) of an n× n nonsingular complex matrix A. These estimates are presented as a function of the determinant and the Euclidean norm of A and n.
Title: the Impact of Sentence Length on the Recidivism of Vi Olent Offenders: an Exploratory Analysis of Pennsylvania Data the Impact of Sentence Length on the Recidivism of Violent Offenders: an Exploratory Analysis of Pennsylvania Data

The current research seeks to answer the question whether tough sentences decrease the probability of recidivism. The specific deterrence literature posits that increased sentence severity decreases the probability of recidivism. The results of previous studies on the incarceration decision and recidivism were mixed with some studies claiming that sentence length has no impact on recidivism and some claiming that sentence length increases the probability of recidivism. Relatively few past studies have focused exclusively on the impact of time served in prison on the recidivism of serious violent offenders. I use judge assignment as an instrumen tal variable to correct for omitted variable bias. It is found to be an exogenous variable that is not related to recidivism, but is related to predicting time served in prison. Using two-stage least squares regression, I find that longer sentence length increases the probability of recidivism. Implications for specific deterrence and labeling theory are discussed.
Telemetric Assessment of Referred Vaginal Hyperalgesia and the Effect of Indomethacin in a Rat Model of Endometriosis

Symptoms of endometriosis (ENDO), among others, include pelvic/abdominal and muscle pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are first-line treatment for this pain. Similar to women, rats with surgically induced ENDO, but not its surgical control, exhibit vaginal hyperalgesia, which in rats is evidenced by a decreased threshold for the visceromotor response (VMR) induced by vaginal distention. Here we assess the VMR in rats with implanted probes that telemetrically transmit EMG activity from the abdominal muscle. The feasibility and sensitivity of this technique for monitoring the VMR threshold across the estrous cycle and the influence of Indomethacin on ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia were evaluated. VMR thresholds in response to vaginal distention with an infusion pump were measured in different estrous stages. Indomethacin (5 or 10 mg/kg i.p. or s.c.) was injected in proestrus rats and 40–60 min later the VMR threshold was measured. The VMR threshold varied across the estrous cycle only in ENDO rats, being lowest in proestrus. Indomethacin increased this threshold in proestrus ENDO rats. These results show that telemetric assessment of the VMR is a sensitive tool, suitable for long-term studies in conscious rats. The results with this technique also suggest that ENDO-associated vaginal hyperalgesia involves COX activity, the feature that also underlies inflammatory pains.
Positivity for Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibodies at Diagnosis Is Subsequently Associated With Reduced β-Cell Function and Higher Exogenous Insulin Requirement in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the relationship between autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) and disease characteristics at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and during the first 2 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children, younger than 15 years of age (n = 723) who were newly diagnosed with diabetes, were analyzed for ZnT8A, other diabetes-associated autoantibodies, HLA DR-DQ alleles, and metabolic status, which was monitored by pH, plasma glucose, and occurrence of ketoacidosis at diagnosis and through follow-up of C-peptide concentrations, exogenous insulin dose, and glycosylated hemoglobin for 2 years after the diagnosis. RESULTS ZnT8A positivity was detected in 530 children (73%). Positivity for ZnT8A was associated with older age (median 8.9 vs. 8.2 years, P = 0.002) and more frequent ketoacidosis (24% vs. 15%, P = 0.013). Children carrying the HLA DR3 allele were less often ZnT8A positive (66% vs. 77%, P = 0.002) than others. ZnT8A-positive children had lower serum C-peptide concentrations (P = 0.008) and higher insulin doses (P = 0.012) over time than their ZnT8A-negative peers. CONCLUSIONS Positivity for ZnT8A at diagnosis seems to reflect a more aggressive disease process before and after diagnosis.
Automatic structured query transformation over distributed digital libraries

Structured data and complex schemas are becoming the main way to represent the information many Digital Libraries provide, thus impacting the services they offer. When searching information among distributed Digital Libraries with heterogeneous schemas, the structured query with a given schema (the global or target schema) has to be transformed into a query over the schema of the digital library it will be submitted to (the source schema). Schema mappings define the rules for this query transformation. Schema matching is the problem of learning these mappings.In this paper we address the issue of automatically learning these mappings and transforming a structured query over the target schema into a new structured query over the source schema. We propose a simple and effective schema matching method based on the well known CORI selection algorithm and two ways of applying it. By evaluating the effectiveness of the obtained structured queries we show that the method works well in accessing distributed, heterogeneous digital libraries.
Testing Safety-Critical Systems-A Reuse-Oriented Approach

This paper discusses the testing of a safety-critical medical device in an industrial environment. The authors have worked on the development and testing of a cardiac rhythm management system at Guidant Corporation, which is involved in the development of a family of related medical devices. The testing process of these systems is expensive because of the stringent safety and reliability requirement of these devices. To leverage the cost involved in the testing process we take advantage of the overlap in functionality across a family of products. In this paper, we present a domain-specific reuse approach we used in testing these safety-critical software systems. The approach allows easy generation of test artifacts, like test scenarios and test cases, while maximizing reusability. We have demonstrated our technique in the testing of a cardiac pacemaker and have achieved significant improvements in productivity.
HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group

Abstract:HIV risk behaviors, susceptibility to HIV acquisition, progression of disease after infection, and response to antiretroviral therapy all vary by age. In those living with HIV, current effective treatment has increased the median life expectancy to >70 years of age. Biologic, medical, individual, social, and societal issues change as one ages with HIV infection, but there has been only a small amount of research in this field. Therefore, the Office of AIDS Research of the National Institutes of Health commissioned a working group to develop an outline of the current state of knowledge and areas of critical need for research in HIV and Aging; the working groups' findings and recommendations are summarized in this report. Key overarching themes identified by the group included the following: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the need to emphasize maintenance of function; the complexity of assessing HIV versus treatment effects versus aging versus concurrent disease; the inter-related mechanisms of immune senescence, inflammation, and hypercoagulability; the utility of multivariable indices for predicting outcomes; a need to emphasize human studies to account for complexity; and a required focus on issues of community support, caregivers, and systems infrastructure. Critical resources are needed to enact this research agenda and include expanded review panel expertise in aging, functional measures, and multimorbidity, and facilitated use and continued funding to allow long-term follow-up of cohorts aging with HIV.
On-chip statistical hot-spot estimation using mixed-mesh statistical polynomial expression generating and skew-normal based moment matching techniques

This work introduces the concept of thermal yield profile for the hot-spot identification with considering process variations and provides an efficient estimating technique for the thermal yield profile. After executing a mixed-mesh strategy for generating statistical polynomial expression of the on-chip temperature distribution, the thermal yield profile is obtained by a skew-normal based moment matching technique. Comparing with the Monte Carlo method, experimental results demonstrate that our method can efficiently and accurately estimate the thermal yield profile. With the same level of accuracy, our skew-normal based method achieves 215x speedup over the state of the art, APEX [1], for estimating the thermal yield profile. Moreover, results show that our mixed-mesh statistical polynomial expression generator achieves 130x speedup over the statistical collocation based method [2] and still accurately estimates the thermal yield profile.
Implemented Process of SD Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM Systems

This paper mainly focuses on basic principle and full implemented process of SD Algorithm, which are heuristic or direct to be used for MIMO systems in IEEE 802.16 protocol PHY. As to the all de-SM methods including direct inverse, SIC- ZF, SIC-MMSE, SD, MLD, although MLD has the highest computation load, its performance is much better than other methods (except SD). It is very obvious that receive diversity is more influential to system than transmit diversity. Simulations show that direct inverse method is the worst, and also has error floor. SIC-MMSE and SIC-ZF almost have the same performance and no error floor exists. However, the best one is ML and SD methods, which have about 4 dB better than SIC-MMSE and SIC-ZF in Rayleigh channel.
Separate Appendix to: "Time Varying Cointegration

Systems and methods for conducting hearing tests with real-time ambient noise measurement are provided. More particularly, one or more microphones are provided to measure ambient noise in a test area during a time interval in which hearing test tones are provided to the patient. By measuring ambient noise during the actual presentation of the test tones, or at least near in time thereto, a much better indication of the reliability of the hearing test is provided. Methods of conducting a hearing test are also provided that comprise presenting a test tone to a patient and simultaneously measuring the ambient noise in the test area during at least a portion of the presentation of the test tone.