Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting negation of medical problems in French clinical notes

When automatically mining narrative clinical notes to extract meaningful information, such as medical problems, it is essential to take into account the context of this information. For instance, determining whether medical conditions are negated or not is key information for accurately processing medical reports. This article presents an experiment in adapting the state-of-art NegEx algorithm (Chapman et al.) to the French language and evaluating both algorithms (the original English algorithm and the derived French version) on two clinical corpora (English and French, respectively) annotated for medical problems and their negation status. NegEx is a rule-based algorithm which detects negations of medical problems in English-language medical texts, by looking for specific negation trigger phrases in the context of the medical concepts. Our approach has consisted in designing a new list of trigger phrases in French, by studying examples extracted from French clinical notes and relying on the original English list. We performed an evaluation of the negation detection in both corpora. This study show that the two systems achieve comparable results and good performance (respectively 0.839 and 0.867 F-measure for NegEx and its French adaptation).
Dietary Triacylglycerols with Palmitic Acid in the sn-2 Position Modulate Levels of N-Acylethanolamides in Rat Tissues

Background Several evidences suggest that the position of palmitic acid (PA) in dietary triacylglycerol (TAG) influences different biological functions. We aimed at evaluating whether dietary fat with highly enriched (87%) PA in sn-2 position (Hsn-2 PA), by increasing PA incorporation into tissue phospholipids (PL), modifies fatty acid profile and biosynthesis of fatty acid—derived bioactive lipids, such as endocannabinoids and their congeners. Study Design Rats were fed for 5 weeks diets containing Hsn-2 PA or fat with PA randomly distributed in TAG with 18.8% PA in sn-2 position (Lsn-2 PA), and similar total PA concentration. Fatty acid profile in different lipid fractions, endocannabinoids and congeners were measured in intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, muscle and brain. Results Rats on Hsn-2 PA diet had lower levels of anandamide with concomitant increase of its congener palmitoylethanolamide and its precursor PA into visceral adipose tissue phospholipids. In addition, we found an increase of oleoylethanolamide, an avid PPAR alpha ligand, in liver, muscle and brain, associated to higher levels of its precursor oleic acid in liver and muscle, probably derived by elongation and further delta 9 desaturation of PA. Changes in endocannabinoids and congeners were associated to a decrease of circulating TNF alpha after LPS challenge, and to an improved feed efficiency. Conclusions Dietary Hsn-2 PA, by modifying endocannabinoids and congeners biosynthesis in different tissues may potentially concur in the physiological regulation of energy metabolism, brain function and body fat distribution.
Tweeting Apart: Applying Network Analysis to Detect Selective Exposure Clusters in Twitter

Twitter users see content mostly from the other users they select to follow. Networks of connected users on Twitter define the set of content to which each user is exposed. We developed a Selective Exposure Cluster (SEC) method to study these connected networks and their discussion patterns in Twitter. To illustrate the SEC method, we collected networks of connections among users who talked about a shared topic: the U.S. President's State of the Union speech in 2012. Cluster analysis was applied to identify subgroups of users who were densely interconnected. These users followed users from their own cluster more than they connected to users in other clusters. In each cluster, the primary distributors of information—the hub users—were identified, along with the hashtags, hyperlinks, and top-mentioned usernames in the content of the messages. Each of these indicators was labeled in terms of its political orientation. An analysis of the resulting patterns of selective exposure suggests that users participate in fragmented interactions and form divided groups in which people tune in to a narrow segment of the wider range of politically oriented information sources. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed Selective Exposure Cluster method.
Liver Vessels Segmentation Using a Hybrid Geometrical Moments/Graph Cuts Method

This paper describes a fast and fully automatic method for liver vessel segmentation on computerized tomography scan preoperative images. The basis of this method is the introduction of a 3-D geometrical moment-based detector of cylindrical shapes within the minimum-cut/maximum-flow energy minimization framework. This method represents an original way to introduce a data term as a constraint into the widely used Boykov's graph cuts algorithm, and hence, to automate the segmentation. The method is evaluated and compared with others on a synthetic dataset. Finally, the relevancy of our method regarding the planning of a necessarily accurate percutaneous high-intensity focused ultrasound surgical operation is demonstrated with some examples.
Arguments from Reference and the Worry about Dependence Many Thanks To

1 "Arguments from reference" are arguments that employ the assertion of a substantive theory of reference as a premise in an argument with a philosophically significant conclusion. 2 Recent work has challenged the viability of these arguments on the basis of empirical evidence of variation in the intuitions that substantive theories of reference are usually taken to be responsible to (Mallon et al. ms, Machery et al. 2004). My present aim is to raise a distinct (though complementary) sort of concern with the use of theories of reference in philosophical discourse and then to consider the possibility of empirically validating this concern by reference to a novel sort of "quantitative" empirical approach suggested recently by Shaun Nichols (forthcoming). The concern I raise is whether the particular theories of reference or reference relations (I use these terms interchangeably in what follows) that are employed in particular philosophical discussions are actually chosen with a view to entailing or accommodating a desired philosophical outcome. I argue below that such dependent selections of assumptions about reference give us little reason to think the assumptions are true. I go on to argue that if we became convinced that such assumptions really are chosen simply to ensure a desired outcome, it would give us reason for skepticism about arguments from reference since it would undermine our sense that such arguments tracked any independent truth about the reference of our words or concepts. for comments on earlier versions of this work, as well as to Edouard Machery and Stephen Stich for fruitful collaborations on earlier papers out of which this one grew. Special thanks to members of Jonathan Weinberg and members of his Experimental Epistemology Lab (including Josh Alexander, Chad Gonnerman, and Kari Theurer) for perceptive criticisms of an earlier draft. 2 Following Mallon et al. (ms), I use "substantive" here to exclude deflationary accounts of reference (e.
Augmint - A Multiprocessor Simulation Environment for Intel x86 architectures

Augmint is a fast execution driven multiprocessor simulator for Intel x86 architectures. It is based on MINT [1], but provides a user interface similar to that of Tangolite [2]. For the sake of simulation speed, processors are modelled as user level threads. A user de ned memory hierarchy simulator can be plugged into the simulator to study the behaviour of the architecture under consideration. 1.
Decreased Pain Perception by Unconscious Emotional Pictures

Pain perception arises from a complex interaction between a nociceptive stimulus and different emotional and cognitive factors, which appear to be mediated by both automatic and controlled systems. Previous evidence has shown that whereas conscious processing of unpleasant stimuli enhances pain perception, emotional influences on pain under unaware conditions are much less known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of pain perception by unconscious emotional pictures through an emotional masking paradigm. Two kinds of both somatosensory (painful and non-painful) and emotional stimulation (negative and neutral pictures) were employed. Fifty pain-free participants were asked to rate the perception of pain they were feeling in response to laser-induced somatosensory stimuli as faster as they can. Data from pain intensity and reaction times were measured. Statistical analyses revealed a significant effect for the interaction between pain and emotional stimulation, but surprisingly this relationship was opposite to expected. In particular, lower pain intensity scores and longer reaction times were found in response to negative images being strengthened this effect for painful stimulation. Present findings suggest a clear pain perception modulation by unconscious emotional contexts. Attentional capture mechanisms triggered by unaware negative stimulation could explain this phenomenon leading to a withdrawal of processing resources from pain.
Graphical representation of statistical information in situations of judgment and decision-making

Motivation -- To address both the theoretical and practical issues related to graphical representation of probabilities in the attempt to create 'corrective' representations that can counter-effect documented biases in judgment and decision-making. Research approach -- 64 students were asked to answer questions dealing with statistical information that was presented either numerically or graphically, replicating two well-knows experiments in the field of judgement and decision-making. Findings/Design -- The results of the pilot study suggest that graphical representation may help to counter the effect of documented biases. Research limitations/Implications -- The pilot study has only marginal significance due to the relatively small sample size. Originality/Value -- The research aims to suggest optimal graphical representations to help people in their decision-making process. Take away message -- Graphical representations may be an untapped resource that can be used along with or instead of numerical representations in decision-making.
An Exploratory Study: How do licensed social workers approach complex end-of-life conversations with patients, families and physicians

This paper adds to the growing body of literature in social work research by exploring how social workers' facilitate complex end-of-life conversations with patients, families and physicians. Limited research, and practice efforts have focused on end-of-life care and social work involvement. Importance and perceptions of healthcare proxy/advanced directives use have been previously examined to understand social workers' expanding role in end-of-life planning. Findings from this study have illustrated the approaches social workers use within complex end-of-life conversations which span across patients and their families, their physicians and the greater population. Processes that were found, although variable, were cohesive within areas of conversation involvement, beginning approach, intentionality within context and developed realtionship outcomes. APPROACHES DURING END-OF-LIFE CONVERSATIONS 3
Investigating Eating Behaviours Using Topic Models

Chronic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity are related to quality of diet. However, current research findings are conflicting with regards to the impact of snacking on diet quality. One reason for this is the lack of a clear definition of a snack or a meal. This paper presents a novel approach to understanding how foods are grouped together in eating events using a machine learning algorithm, topic models. Approaches for applying topic models to a nutrition application are discussed. A topic model is implemented for the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme dataset. The results demonstrate that the topics found are representative of typical eating events in terms of food group content and associated time of day. There is a strong potential for topic models to reveal useful patterns in food diary data that have not previously been considered.
Coincident Linkage of Fasting Plasma Insulin and Blood Pressure to Chromosome 7q in Hypertensive Hispanic Families

Background—Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are phenotypically associated with hypertension. We have previously provided evidence that blood pressure (BP) and IR cosegregate in Hispanic families, suggesting that this association has a genetic component. In the present study, we provide further support for the hypothesis of a genetic basis for the BP-IR relationship from a genetic linkage study. Methods and Results—A 10-cM genome scan was conducted in 390 Hispanic family members of 77 hypertensive probands. Detailed measurements of BP, glucose, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp) were performed in adult offspring of probands. Multipoint variance component linkage analysis was used. A region on chromosome 7q seemed to influence both IR and BP. The greatest evidence for linkage was found for fasting insulin (lod score=3.36 at 128 cM), followed by systolic BP (lod score=2.06 at 120 cM). Fine mapping with greater marker density in this region increased the maximum lod score for fasting insulin to 3.94 at 125 cM (P =0.00002); lod score for systolic BP was 2.51 at 112 cM. Coincident mapping at this locus also included insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA) and serum leptin concentrations. Insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp did not map to the same locus. Conclusions—Our results demonstrate that a major gene determining fasting insulin is located on chromosome 7q. Linkage of BP, HOMA, and leptin levels to the same region suggests this locus may broadly influence traits associated with IR and supports a genetic basis for phenotypic associations in IR syndrome.
Using Visual Analysis to Weight Multiple Signatures to Discriminate Complex Data

Complex data is usually represented through signatures, which are sets of features describing the data content. Several kinds of complex data allow extracting different signatures from an object, representing complementary data characteristics. However, there is no ground truth of how balancing these signatures to reach an ideal similarity distribution. It depends on the analyst intent, that is, according to the job he/she is performing, a few signatures should have more impact in the data distribution than others. This work presents a new technique, called Visual Signature Weighting (ViSW), which allows interactively analyzing the impact of each signature in the similarity of complex data represented through multiple signatures. Our method provides means to explore the tradeoff of prioritizing signatures over the others, by dynamically changing their weight relation. We also present case studies showing that the technique is useful for global dataset analysis as well as for inspecting subspaces of interest.
Microdissection as a universal tool for the generation of genetic probes

Initially microdissection of genetic material was performed with extended glass-needles. This mechanical approach, in which the tip of the needle is in contact with the sample, allows the dissection of material in the range of 1 µm. The tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever can be used to scale the dissection method down to nanometer range. Here the tip is used for manipulation and microdissection instead of imaging. The first experiments, which used extended glass-needles, were performed on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster (Scalenghe et al., 1981). The methodical steps were transferred to mammalian and human chromosomes (Röhme et al. integration of the isolated chromosomal fragments into vectors for subsequent cloning. These experiments were limited by the small amount of DNA available. This limitation was overcome by the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One possibility was the introduction of primer-specific sequences, which were ligated to the microdissected DNA
Editors’ Choice Versus Readers’ Choice: Press Role in Creating Public Awareness and Understanding of The Government Transformation Programmes (GTP)

The research makes a contribution to understanding the different ways of how media is conceptualised through an investigation of how and why GTP is practised in Malaysia. Therefore, the main aims of this article are to analyse the role of Berita Harian (BH) newspaper in reporting on the Malaysian Government Transformation Plan (GTP), and to examine how editors understand and talk about GTP strengths and limitations to the society. The study was conducted in two phases; first, by exploring the frequencies of news articles from May 2010 and June 2013 and second, by examining the contributing factors influencing reporting of the GTP, based on the understanding of readers. In this regard, this research offers a omprehensive analysis of GTP strengths and limitations as reported in BH. The case study focuses on BH news article. An analysis of 18 BH news articles between 2010 to 2013 is included, to investigate how BH frames GTP. Agenda setting by the government and the gatekeeper role by the editorials are also analyzed since it has an impact on reportage, specifically on GTP issues. In addition, a survey among BH readers involving 50 respondents was conducted to understand their awareness of the GTP based on their reading of the editorial’s section of the BH. The findings also demonstrate evidence of the importance to understand the editors’ and readers’ expectations. The editors as gatekeepers of the media organisation should ensure that the readers are aware of the information they wrote about the government’s policy. However, the analysis of the survey responses clearly indicates that that the readers, or in the context of the gatekeeping theory, are known as ‘the gated’, were not really aware and have not really understood the message that the editorials retrying to put across.
A theoretical analysis of the capacitive modelling and the induced charge concept in partial discharges

The presence of partial discharges (PD) is one of the most prominent indicators of defects and ongoing degradation processes of electrical insulation. As a high percentage of failures are associated with PD, the need for the classification, extraction and evaluation of PD signals is essential. Therefore, an electrical model of a breakdown void is more than a necessity. In this paper the classical capacitive network representation of the void (model) and a new capacitive model based on the induced charge concept are presented and discussed.
Mathematical morphology: The Hamilton-Jacobi connection

The authors complement the standard algebraic view of mathematical morphology with a geometric, differential view. Three observations underlie this approach. (1) Certain structuring elements (convex) are scalable in that a sequence of repeated operations is equivalent to a single operation, but with a larger structuring element of the same shape. (2) To determine the outcome of the operation, it is sufficient to consider how the boundary is modified. (3) The modifications of the boundary are such that each point can be moved along the normal by a certain amount, which is dependent on the structuring element. Taken together, these observations, when the size of the structuring element shrinks to zero, assert that mathematical morphology operations with a convex structuring element are captured by a differential deformation of the boundary along the normal, governed by a Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE). A second theme is to show that mathematical morphology operations can be numerically implemented in a highly accurate fashion as the solution of these PDEs. <<ETX>>
A theory of market microstructure and reputation

The paper investigates the properties of the equilibrium outcomes and the microstructure of the markets where the sellers announce their demands but do not necessarily commit, while the buyers move back and forth between the sellers to negotiate for a better deal by extending the analysis of the multilateral bargaining problem introduced in Ozyurt (2009). When the sellers are constrained to announce their prices before the buyer's arrival at their stores, the unique equilibrium outcome is in Bertrand fashion. However, this uniqueness result is not robust to perturbation on higher order beliefs regarding the players' commitment types. If the sellers compete in the spirit of Diamond (1971), then a continuum of prices can be supported in equilibrium. However, independent of the sellers' announcements, the payoff to the seller (visited by the buyer first) is always the same, and the buyer's payoff approaches a unique limit as the initial priors vanish.
MSU Tropospheric Temperatures: Dataset Construction and Radiosonde Comparisons

Abstract Two deep-layer tropospheric temperature products, one for the lower troposphere (T2LT) and one for the midtroposphere (T2, which includes some stratospheric emissions), are based on the observations of channel 2 of the microwave sounding unit on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites. Revisions to version C of these datasets have been explicitly applied to account for the effects of orbit decay (loss of satellite altitude) and orbit drift (east–west movement). Orbit decay introduces an artificial cooling in T2LT, while the effects of orbit drift introduce artificial warming in both T2LT and T2. The key issues for orbit drift are 1) accounting for the diurnal cycle and 2) the adjustment needed to correct for spurious effects related to the temperature of the instrument. In addition, new calibration coefficients for NOAA-12 have been applied. The net global effect of these revisions (version D) is small, having little impact on the year-to-year anomalies. T.
Images Segmentation Method on Comparison of Feature Extraction Techniques

An algorithm of segmentation by using feature extraction techniques of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in this paper. The segmentation processor are shown to be of interest for analysing SAR image data. The extracted and selected features are then used to train different neural-network based classifiers. Segmentation makes use of wavelet decomposition and unsupervised clustering based on PCA. The learning approach of neural networks is used for combining various features of different areas of an image. The outcomes of the proposed segmentation techniques are compared to the standard Gaussian discriminant analysis in the case of a real E-SAR image.
VirtualIdentity: Privacy preserving user profiling

User profiling from user generated content (UGC) is a common practice that supports the business models of many social media companies. Existing systems require that the UGC is fully exposed to the module that constructs the user profiles. In this paper we show that it is possible to build user profiles without ever accessing the user's original data, and without exposing the trained machine learning models for user profiling - which are the intellectual property of the company - to the users of the social media site. We present VirtualIdentity, an application that uses secure multi-party cryptographic protocols to detect the age, gender and personality traits of users by classifying their user-generated text and personal pictures with trained support vector machine models in a privacy preserving manner.