Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical Analysis of Supervised and Unsupervised Filter based Feature Selection Methods for Breast Cancer Classification from Digital Mammograms

In the design and development of an automated CAD tool for breast cancer detection and diagnosis, the various steps include enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The feature selection plays an important role in the design of the said CAD tool as it aims towards the redundant feature elimination and relevant feature selection. The selected feature set also decides the efficacy of the chosen classifier for classification of mammograms. In literature, various filter based feature selection methods exists under unsupervised and supervised categories based on different basis criterion. The filter based feature selection methods ranks the extracted feature sets based on some criteria in descending order of their importance. The various methods produce different feature subsets which are associated with different performance measures. In this paper, an evaluation and comparative study of various unsupervised and supervised feature selection methods are presented for breast cancer classification from digital mammograms though various classifiers. The study aims towards finding out the better feature selection method and associated classifier which gives better performance.
Critical role of Nitric Oxide on Nicotine‐Induced Hyperactivation of Dopaminergic Nigrostriatal System: Electrophysiological and Neurochemical evidence in Rats

Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, stimulates dopamine (DA) function, increasing DA neuronal activity and DA release. DA is involved in both motor control and in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine; however, the complete understanding of its molecular mechanisms is yet to be attained. Substantial evidence indicates that the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, including nicotine, can be affected by the nitric oxide (NO) system, which may act by modulating central dopaminergic function. In this study, using single cell recordings in vivo coupled with microiontophoresis and microdialysis in freely moving animals, the role of NO signaling on the hyperactivation elicited by nicotine of the nigrostriatal system was investigated in rats. Nicotine induced a dose‐dependent increase of the firing activity of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DA neurons and DA and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) release in the striatum. Pharmacological manipulation of the NO system did not produce any change under basal condition in terms of neuronal discharge and DA release. In contrast, pretreatments with two NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, N‐ω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) and 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI) were both capable of blocking the nicotine‐induced increase of SNc DA neuron activity and DA striatal levels. The effects of nicotine in l‐NAME and 7‐NI‐pretreated rats were partially restored when rats were pretreated with the NO donor molsidomine. These results further support the evidence of an important role played by NO on modulation of dopaminergic function and drug addiction, thus revealing new pharmacological possibilities in the treatment of nicotine dependence and other DA dysfunctions.
Broad-band concatenated-section PMD emulator design for low interchannel correlation

The coarsely discrete structure of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulators can artificially correlate the PMD affecting different wavelength-division-multiplexed channels. We present a model that predicts the background autocorrelation of concatenated-section emulators with independently rotatable elements, and show how emulators with low interchannel correlation can be designed.
Nyström-type method for simulation of 2-D dielectric resonator antennas

We consider natural modes in an arbitrarily shaped dielectric resonator solving a 2-D eigenproblem for the Maxwell equations with exact boundary and radiation conditions. This problem is reduced to the coupled boundary integral equations, whose discrete form is built using the Nyström-type algorithm with accuracy limited by the cavity contour smoothness. The eigenfrequencies are found as roots of the corresponding determinantal equation. Modal fields in the near and far zones are investigated for a spiral-shape cavity. One can use the same method to simulate excitation of dielectric resonator antennas with given sources.
Digital connectivity and sharing at school: Opportunities and security challenges of using social networking sites

The hi-tech instigation of social media, powered and enhanced by the unique participation/collaboration pattern has initiated an epoch of in-depth research practices in education, government and the corporate sector. Social Networking Sites (SNS) are an example of Web 2.0 software that adheres to the participation/collaboration pattern with the capacity to connect people with similar demographics, interests, ideas, as well as similar educational, professional or social backgrounds. This study examines the perceived security and privacy on SNS along with the cyber safety education (acceptable usage policies) among stakeholders in schools (parents, teachers, students and school admin). A research framework has been established by incorporating a construct of intention to use SNS from the Technology Acceptance Model along with a unique combination of perceived security, perceived privacy, cyber safety education and trust constructs. Using reliable metrics from the literature, the research study validates that an enhanced sense of security and privacy positively affects users' trust in SNS. This paper highlights that the existence of a cyber-safety education among stakeholders also positively influences user trust in friends and eventually in positive intention for educational association. Moreover, secure and trusted intention to use SNS leads towards participation/collaboration between all stakeholders in the school environment.
Fully Three-dimensional Reconstruction For A Pet Camera With Retractable Septa

A fully 3-D reconstruction algorithm has been developed to reconstruct data from a 16 ring PET camera (a Siemens/CTI 953B) with automatically retractable septa. The tomograph is able to acquire coincidences between any pair of detector rings and septa retraction increases the total system count rate by a factor of 7.8 (including scatter) and 4.7 (scatter subtracted) for a uniform, 20 cm diameter cylinder. The reconstruction algorithm is based on 3-D filtered backprojection, expressed in a form suitable for the multi-angle sinogram data. Sinograms which are not measured due to the truncated cylindrical geometry of the tomograph, but which are required for a spatially invariant response function, are obtained by forward projection. After filtering, the complete set of sinograms is backprojected into a 3-D volume of 128x128x31 voxels using a voxel-driven procedure. The algorithm has been validated with simulation, and tested with both phantom and clinical data from the 953B.
Parents' Decisions to Screen Newborns for FMR1 Gene Expansions in a Pilot Research Project

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to document rates of parental consent in a pilot study of newborn screening for FMR1 gene expansions, examine demographic characteristics of mothers who consented or declined, describe the reasons for their decision, and discuss ethical and social aspects of the consent process. METHODS: A brief survey was used to record basic demographic data from mothers and an open-ended question was used to elicit parents' reasons for accepting or declining screening. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the number of mothers who consented to or declined screening, and a logistic regression model predicted mothers' likelihood to agree to screening based on demographic characteristics. Reasons for decisions were analyzed using content analysis. The study was conducted at University of North Carolina Hospitals. A total of 2137 mothers were approached. RESULTS: The uptake rate for couples was 63%. Acceptance rates varied by race/ethnicity, with black respondents being less likely to accept screening. Primary reasons for accepting were “to know,” “belief in research,” and “the test was minimal/no risk. ” Reasons for declining included not wanting to know or worry, not being a good time, and issues with testing children or with genetic tests. CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrate that a majority of parents accepted newborn screening for FMR1 gene expansions, but decision rates and reasons for accepting or declining varied in part as a function of race/ethnicity and in part as a function of what parents most valued or feared in their assessment of risks and benefits.
A clinical flow cytometric biomarker strategy: validation of peripheral leukocyte phospholipidosis using Nile red

Phospholipidosis, or intracellular accumulation of phospholipids, is caused by specific classes of xenobiotics. This phenomenon represents a challenge for risk assessment that could benefit from the use of biomarkers in the clinical development of new drug candidates. Flow cytometry, coupled with the lipophilic fluoroprobe Nile red, was correlated to histopathology, electron microscopy and inorganic phosphorus detection to validate the utility of this method for monitoring phospholipidosis in peripheral blood leukocytes. Replicate studies with model test compounds were conducted in which F344 rats were given 4 or 7 doses of either maprotiline hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, tilorone dihydrochloride, amikacin hydrate or vehicle control. Transmission electron and light microscopy were used to examine peripheral blood smears and tissue samples for the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Unstained and Nile red stained lysed peripheral blood samples were acquired for analysis using a FACScan flow cytometer. Inorganic phosphorus concentration in the liver was determined from extracted phospholipids and compared with flow cytometry and histological data. It was demonstrated that flow cytometric analysis of Nile red stained lysed whole blood can be used to detect drug‐induced phospholipid accumulation in circulating peripheral leukocytes. Furthermore, clinically detectable leukocyte phospholipidosis may be a useful surrogate for coincident or premonitory detection of target organ phospholipidosis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversité, usages vétérinaires et vulnérabilité des plantes médicinales au Nord-Bénin

Au Benin, les animaux domestiques continuent de payer un lourd tribut a diverses pathologies. Une enquete a ete conduite au Nord-Benin pour recenser les recettes a usages veterinaires, selectionner les plus credibles et evaluer la vulnerabilite des plantes impliquees. Elle a consiste a des interviews individuelles semistructurees aupres de 60 eleveurs. Au total 56 especes vegetales ont ete citees. Elles sont reparties en 50 genres et 22 familles. Les familles les plus representees en especes sont : Leguminosae (34%) et Combretaceae (11%). Au total 86 recettes ont ete recensees pour traiter 31 pathologies avec la Fievre aphteuse comme la plus frequente (19%). Les frequences de recettes (Fr) et de citation des recettes (Fcr) ont permis de selectionner celles qui sont plus credibles. Les ecorces de tige sont plus citees avec un pourcentage de 61%. Huit (08) modes de preparation sont indiques avec la decoction (49%) comme la plus frequente. Trente et un (31) especes se sont revelees vulnerables. Cette etude a permis la selection de quelques recettes credibles. Les recherches phytochimiques ulterieures montreront les potentialites reelles des plantes citees dans le traitement des pathologies animales. Mots cles : Plantes, medecine veterinaire, Fr, Fcr, Benin
Changes in Collegiate Starting Pitchers' Range of Motion After Single Game and Season

Abstract The relationship of changes in glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) in a pitcher's throwing shoulder to a single pitching episode is not well described, and the causes of such changes over a season are controversial. We hypothesized that in pitchers for a collegiate baseball team, external rotation (ER) would increase, internal rotation (IR) would decrease, total ROM would be maintained, and the glenohumeral IR deficit would worsen in starting pitchers' shoulders after single pitching episodes and after the season. Participants were 6 starting pitchers for all 25 home games from a Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association team during 1 regular spring season. One examiner measured glenohumeral ER, IR, and total ROM with the arm abducted 90° pregame before stretching or throwing and immediately postgame before shoulder icing. Bilateral measurements were obtained on supine pitchers via a long-arm goniometer and custom bubble inclinometer. Innings, pitch count, and types of pitches were recorded for possible associations with any glenohumeral motion changes. Paired t tests were used to compare dominant and nondominant glenohumeral differences in ROM (significance, P < 0.05). Compared with pregame values, single-start postgame glenohumeral ER significantly increased (7.9° ± 2.2°), single-start IR did not significantly change, and single-start total ROM significantly increased (7.4° ± 3.4°). Compared with preseason values, postseason glenohumeral ER significantly increased (10.2° ± 6.2°), IR significantly decreased (–17.8° ± 6.7°), and total ROM significantly decreased (–7.7° ± 5.2°). In the collegiate throwing shoulder, changes in ER and total ROM occurred after 1 episode of starting pitching, and changes in ER, IR, and total ROM occurred over the full season. There was no association between the ROM changes and innings pitched, pitch count, or types of pitches thrown. In conclusion, for collegiate pitchers, changes in glenohumeral ROM occur after single starts and over the season, suggesting that monitoring motion changes throughout the season may be beneficial.
De-noising of partial discharge based on chaotic control and multiple-filter

The collection of partial discharge signals is often disturbed by the environment,which includes periodic narrow-band interference,white-noise interference,and random pulse shaped interference.When the noise is very large,partial discharge signals will be over whelmed.In order to improve the accuracy of location of partial discharge signals,this paper describes the method to no-line detect and remove the disturbance based on chaotic control and MFT.Using relativity and spectrum analysis to identify the periodic disturbance and determine the periodic of narrow bandwidth interference,setting appropriate parameter to control chotic system to denoise accurately.It proposes a multiple filter to remove white-noise and uses pulsic polarity distinguishing method to suppress random pulse noise and conduct a simulation based on a virtual instrumentation.The result shows that this method can suppress noise effectually.It lays a technique foundation for the location system of partial discharge signals of transformers.
The Effects of Face Inversion and Face Race on the P100 ERP

Research about the neural basis of face recognition has investigated the timing and anatomical substrates of different stages of face processing. Scalp-recorded ERP studies of face processing have focused on the N170, an ERP with a peak latency of ∼170 msec that has long been associated with the initial structural encoding of faces. However, several studies have reported earlier ERP differences related to faces, suggesting that face-specific processes might occur before N170. Here, we examined the influence of face inversion and face race on the timing of face-sensitive scalp-recorded ERPs by examining neural responses to upright and inverted line-drawn and luminance-matched white and black faces in a sample of white participants. We found that the P100 ERP evoked by inverted faces was significantly larger than that evoked by upright faces. Although this inversion effect was statistically significant at 100 msec, the inverted-upright ERP difference peaked at 138 msec, suggesting that it might represent an activity in neural sources that overlap with P100. Inverse modeling of the inversion effect difference waveform suggested possible neural sources in pericalcarine extrastriate visual cortex and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. We also found that the inversion effect difference wave was larger for white faces. These results are consistent with behavioral evidence that individuals process the faces of their own races more configurally than faces of other races. Taken together, the inversion and race effects observed in the current study suggest that configuration influences face processing by at least 100 msec.
Global well-posedness of strong solution for the three dimensional dynamic Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes model

The global well-posedness analysis for the three dimensional dynamic Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes (CHS) model is provided in this paper. In this model, the velocity vector is determined by the phase variable by both the Darcy law and the Stokes equation. Based on the analysis of weak solutions to the CHS equation by the standard Galerkin method, we present a global in time strong solution for the CHS model. Moreover, the existence and the uniqueness of the strong solution are also proven. c ©2017 All rights reserved.
Methodological queries about point‐of‐care haemoglobin data

prevalence of hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, hyperoxaemia and acidosis in hospital blood gas specimens (with clinical outcomes). Thorax 2011; 66 (Suppl 4): A96. 6. O’Driscoll BR, Rudenski A, Turkington PM, Howard LS. An audit of hypoxaemia, hyperoxaemia, hypercapnia and acidosis in blood gas specimens. European Respiratory Journal 2012; 39: 219–21. 7. Downs JB. Has oxygen administration delayed appropriate respiratory care? Fallacies regarding oxygen therapy Respiratory Care 2003; 48: 611–20. 8. Rothen HU. Oxygen: avoid too much of a good thing! European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2010; 27: 493–4. 9. O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Davison AG, British Thoracic Society. BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients. Thorax 2008; 63 (Suppl 6): vi1–68. 10. O’Driscoll R. Emergency oxygen use. British Medical Journal 2012; 345: e6856.
Single‐cell transcriptomics and functional target validation of brown adipocytes show their complex roles in metabolic homeostasis

Brown adipocytes (BAs) are specialized for adaptive thermogenesis and, upon sympathetic stimulation, activate mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)‐1 and oxidize fatty acids to generate heat. The capacity for brown adipose tissue (BAT) to protect against obesity and metabolic disease is recognized, yet information about which signals activate BA, besides β3‐adrenergic receptor stimulation, is limited. Using single‐cell transcriptomics, we confirmed the presence of mRNAs encoding traditional BAT markers (i.e., UCP1, expressed in 100% of BAs Adrb3, expressed in <50% of BAs) in mouse and have shown single‐cell variability (>1000‐fold) in their expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. We further identified mRNAs encoding novel markers, orphan GPCRs, and many receptors that bind the classic neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, chemokines, cytokines, and hormones. The transcriptome variability between BAs suggests a much larger range of responsiveness of BAT than previously recognized and that not all BAs function identically. We examined the in vivo functional expression of 12 selected receptors by micro‐injecting agonists into live mouse BAT and analyzing the metabolic response. In this manner, we expanded the number of known receptors on BAs at least 25‐fold, while showing that the expression of classic BA markers is more complex and variable than previously thought. —Spaethling, J. M. , Sanchez‐Alavez, M. , Lee, J., Xia, F. C. , Dueck, H. , Wang, W. , Fisher, S. A. , Sul, J.‐Y. , Seale, P., Kim, J., Bartfai, T. , Eberwine, J. Single‐cell transcriptomics and functional target validation of brown adipocytes show their complex roles in metabolic homeostasis. FASEB J. 30, 81‐92 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Setting properties and biocompatibility of dicalcium silicate with varying additions of tricalcium aluminate

This study sought to prepare biphasic mixtures by adding tricalcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O6) into dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) and to evaluate the effect of Ca3Al2O6 on setting properties and biocompatibility of the Ca2SiO4/Ca3Al2O6 mixtures as compared to pure Ca2SiO4. The results indicated that the addition of Ca3Al2O6 into Ca2SiO4 reduced the setting time and improved the compressive strength. Furthermore, Ca2SiO4/Ca3Al2O6 mixtures were bioactive and biocompatible, and had a stimulatory effect on the L929 cell growth when the content of Ca3Al2O6 was below 10%. Therefore, the mixtures with 10% Ca3Al2O6 produced the best compromise between setting and in vitro biological properties.
Rain rate estimation from nadir-looking TOPEX/POSEIDON microwave radiometer (TMR) for correction of radar altimetric measurements

Atmospheric liquid water, particularly in the form of rain, produces anomalies in the radar altimetric range measurements. Such features are observed as sudden large changes in radar backscatter as a means of identification. To quantify the rain that radar altimetric pulses encounter, the instantaneous rain estimation capability of the nadir looking multichannel microwave radiometer onboard the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite is explored. The three frequency (18, 21, and 37 GHz) nadir looking TOPEX microwave radiometer (TMR) brightness temperature data are colocated with the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) rain rates to find a new rain rate algorithm by regression over the Indian Sea. Among the colocated data on different spatial and temporal scales, the most restrictive criteria (<0.1/spl deg/, <1 h apart) produce the best correlations between the SSM/I estimated rain rates and the TMR brightness temperatures. The TMR measurements, colocated with SSM/I, thus presents a nontraditional usage of nadir viewing microwave radiometer data for estimation of instantaneous rainfall for correction of the radar altimetric measurements over the oceans. This equation is further used to generate monthwise-averaged global rain rate maps for the year 1993. Typical rain rate maps for two contrasting seasons for the months of January and July 1993, during the northeast and southwest monsoon, respectively, are compared with similar maps of the SSM/I rain rate. It is found that all the major features of global rainfall are picked up accurately and reproduced by the TMR-based algorithm. The mean rainfall rate thus derived (totaling a month) also is analyzed with some simultaneous atmospheric and oceanic processes in mind, which couple each other through rainfall.
A new approach for interval estimation and hypothesis testing of a certain intraclass correlation coefficient: the generalized variable method

We consider the problems of interval estimation and hypothesis testing for the intraclass correlation coefficient in an interrater reliability study when both raters and subjects are assumed to be randomly selected from populations of raters and subjects, respectively. We propose a novel approach for the confidence interval estimation and hypothesis testing using the concepts of generalized confidence interval (GCI) and generalized P‐values. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the coverage probabilities of the GCI approach relative to the modified large sample (MLS) approach. Both methods tend to provide somewhat conservative coverage. Relative to the MLS approach, the GCI approach is closer to the correct (nominal) coverage for a two‐sided interval, but farther to the correct coverage for a one‐sided lower interval. Unlike the MLS approach, the GCI approach can also easily provide P‐values. The fact that the GCI approach is suitable for confidence interval estimation and obtaining P‐values makes the GCI approach a suitable candidate for making inference about interrater reliability. Copyright© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.