Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
age Mutants of Arabidopsis Exhibit Altered Auxin-Regulated Gene Expression

An Arabidopsis transgenic line was constructed expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) via the auxin-responsive domains (AuxRDs) A and B (BA–GUS) of the PS-IAA4/5 gene in an indoleacetic acid (IAA)–dependent fashion. GUS expression was preferentially enhanced in the root elongation zone after treatment of young seedlings with 10−7 M IAA. Expression of the BA–GUS gene in the axr1, axr4, and aux1 mutants required 10- to 100-fold higher auxin concentration than that in the wild-type background. GUS expression was nil in the axr2 and axr3 mutants. The transgene was used to isolate mutants exhibiting altered auxin-responsive gene expression (age). Two mutants, age1 and age2, were isolated and characterized. age1 showed enhanced sensitivity to IAA, with strong GUS expression localized in the root elongation zone in the presence of 10−8 M IAA. In contrast, age2 exhibited ectopic GUS expression associated with the root vascular tissue, even in the absence of exogenous IAA. Morphological and molecular analyses indicated that the age1 and age2 alleles are involved in the regulation of gene expression in response to IAA.
Comparisons of two‐part models with competitors

Two‐part models arise when there is a clump of 0 observations in a distribution of continuous non‐negative responses. Several methods for comparing two such distributions are available. These include the straightforward application of the z‐test (or t‐test), the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney rank sum test, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and three tests that use a 2 degree of freedom χ2 test based on the sum of the test for equality of proportions and a conditional χ2 test for the continuous responses. This conditional test may be the z‐test, the rank sum test, or the χ2 corresponding to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. This study compares the size and power of several of these methods. All tests have the appropriate distribution under the null hypothesis if the distribution of the continuous part has finite moments. If it does not, the z‐test has no power to detect any alternatives. It is found that the 2 d.f. tests are superior to the others when the larger proportion of 0 values corresponds to the population with the larger mean. If the reverse holds, the difference in the proportion of zeros reinforces the difference in means and some single‐part models (the rank sum or Kolmogorov–Smirnov) do best. In those cases, the two‐part models are not far behind, although statistically significantly poorer with respect to power. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement in Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of ${\rm In}^{3+}$  Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrites by Coprecipitation Method

Indium substituted nano nickel zinc ferrites Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>In<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with <i>x</i>=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 are synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Magnetic and dielectric properties are studied over a frequency range 1-30 MHz. Initial permeability is found to be in the range of 9-19 with a magnetic loss tangent of 10<sup>-1</sup>-10<sup>-2</sup> . The dielectric constant is noticed in the range of 11-17 along with low dielectric loss tangent (10<sup>-1</sup>-10<sup>-3</sup>). The composition with x=0.2 is found to have the highest specific saturation magnetization of 78.8 emu/g. Appreciable dielectric and magnetic values along with low losses can be correlated to small grain size and better compositional stoichiometry obtained as a result of processing by coprecipitation method. These fascinating dielectric and magnetic properties of these materials reveal a direction for high-frequency applications.
Sources of variation in biomarkers.

Epidemiology is interested in variation. The goal of epidemiological research is to infer cause-effect relationships by observing whether the occurrence of disease varies according to relevant exposures. Epidemiology is usually interested in 'intergroup' variation (e.g. between those who are exposed and those who are unexposed to the factor of interest), while 'intragroup' variation is a source of noise. Therefore, the study design aims to increase intergroup variability, to limit intragroup variability and to reduce error by ensuring validity and reliability of measurements. The goal of this chapter is to summarize simple ways to recognize the main sources of measurement error and to estimate the extent and the impact of such error.
Intrapreneurial Mindset of Retail Store Leader: A Grounded Theory

The current competitive business environment is rapidly changing. Human resource is the main key to the business in recent years. In today’s retail business, the role of store leader is very important because the retail store performance is determined by a store leader. Unfortunately, some store leaders do not have the right mindset when running their job. The concept of intrapreneurship is to transform the personal initiative, innovative behaviour, and managerial skills into an individual performance. This framework of intrapreneurial mindset is expected to answer the gap in an empirical situation. The aim of this qualitative research is to construct the theoretical model by analyzing data inductively in the grounded theory approach. It utilizes interviews, observation and document analysis. Twenty-five individuals in a bicycle retail chain store in Indonesia were interviewed as theoretic samples. The result of research findings is the consistency of retail store leader who has an intrapreneurial mindset will always involve the team and work for mutual achievement that prioritizes company's objective. It is useful for retail business practitioners to assign individual as a retail store leader. In addition, it also provides some suggestions to employees to improve their performance in business.
Optimal Pitch Analysis Governing Contact Strand Number and Lengths With Cu Sleeves at CIC Joints

It is observed that measured critical current of Cable-in-Conduit-Conductor (CICC) for ITER TF coil are lower than expected. This is partly explained an imbalance of the contact resistance at the joint between double pancakes which causes an unbalanced current distribution in a cable and hence during a slow temperature increase some strands reach the critical current earlier than other. In order to estimate the contact resistances, we identify the three-dimensional positions of all strands inside the CICC, and then evaluate the contact parameters such as number and length of the strands which appear on the cable surface and have contact with a copper sleeve. It is observed that many strands do not appear on the surface of the cable, and can lead to unbalanced current distribution. We developed a numerical code to analyze all strand positions in the CICC. We evaluated the contact parameters by using the numerical code, and then compared them with those evaluated from the measured strand positions. It is found that since both results are in good agreement, the numerical code is available for evaluating the contact parameters. By using the code, we can optimize the contact parameters by varying the twist pitches of all staged subcables. The results show that all strands appear at the surface of the cable and have contact with the copper sleeve, and moreover the contact parameters have been improved.
Minimal sizes of deletions detected by comparative genomic hybridization

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been used widely for the molecular cytogenetic analysis of tumors. Until now, the spatial resolution of this technique for diagnosing deletions of chromosomal sequences has not been assessed in detail. In the present study, we performed CGH analyses on five DNA samples derived from B‐cell leukemias with 11q deletions, the sizes of which ranged from 3 Mbp to 14–18 Mbp. CGH experiments were evaluated by two established commercial analysis systems. Deletions down to a size of 10–12 Mbp were diagnosed based on a diagnostic threshold value of 0.8, if the vast majority of cells carried the deletion. For cases with smaller deletions, the ratio profiles were shifted toward underrepresentation at the respective chromosomal bands; however, the diagnostic threshold value was not reached. In all five cases, there was complete agreement between the two image analysis systems. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 21:172–175, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propagation characteristics of acoustic wave induced by partial discharge in IGBT module

The next-generation power module is expected to be used in high voltage applications. The key issue in high-voltage power module is the existence of partial discharge (PD). Therefore identifying a PD location leads to a higher voltage operation of power module. PD location could be made by measuring acoustic wave detected by acoustic emission sensors. This paper deals with propagation characteristics of acoustic wave emitted by PD in an IGBT power module.
New Routes in the Preparation of Mechanically Hard Films

Superhard nitride superlattice coatings with nanometer-scale multilayers have hardnesses exceeding 50 gigapascals, making these films highly resistant to abrasion. The nitride superlattice films can be deposited economically by reactive sputtering in production-size equipment on a variety of substrates. A model for the superlattice strength enhancement has been developed that accurately predicts which materials can be used together to produce the enhanced hardness. Advancements in sputtering technology—specifically, pulsed dc power and reactive-gas partial-pressure control—make it possible to reactively deposit nonconducting oxide films at high deposition rates. This technology is being used along with the superlattice strength model in the development of oxide superlattice films.
A two level fuzzy PRM for manipulation planning

This paper presents an algorithm which extends the probabilistic roadmap (PRM) framework to handle manipulation planning. This is done by using a two level approach, a PRM of PRMs. The first level builds a manipulation graph, whose nodes represent stable placements of the manipulated objects while the edges represent transfer and transit actions. The actual motion planning for the transfer and transit paths is done by PRM planners at the second level. The approach is made possible by the introduction of a new kind of roadmap, called the fuzzy roadmap. The fuzzy roadmap contains edges which are not verified by a local planner during construction. Instead, each edge is assigned a number which represents the probability that it is feasible. Later, if the edge is part of a solution path, the edge is checked for collisions. The overall effect is that our roadmaps evolve iteratively until they contain a solution. The use of fuzzy roadmaps in both levels of our manipulation planner offers many advantages. At the first level, a fuzzy roadmap represents the manipulation graph and addresses the problem of having probabilistically complete planners at the second level. At the second level, fuzzy roadmaps drastically reduce the number of collision checks. The paper contains experimental results demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of our scheme.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Costs Associated with the 2004 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating NESHAP

The extent to which ex-ante estimates of the costs of regulation differ from ex-post estimates is an empirical question of considerable interest to policymakers, regulated entities, and the public. This paper examines evidence on the actual costs of compliance with the 2004 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating NESHAP and then compares these estimates to the EPA’s ex-ante cost estimates to identify key drivers of any differences. This regulation is particularly interesting from a cost perspective because at the time of promulgation the EPA considered it to be economically significant (and it was therefore accompanied by an extensive cost analysis), under stood who was likely to be regulated under the NESHAP, and had identified several available technologies that could be used to reduce HAP emissions. Data on ex-post costs are gathered from a subset of the industry via survey and follow-up interview. We find that the EPA overestimated the cost of compliance for these plants and that overestimation was driven primarily by use of estimation methods that did not account for regulatory flexibilities such as the ability to utilize any effective HAPs control method. Thus, we find that differences between ex ante and ex post cost estimates for our sample of facilities are primarily driven by differences in the method of compliance rather than differences in the per-unit cost associated with a given compliance approach. In particular, the EPA expected facilities to install pollution abatement control technologies in their paint shops to reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants, but instead these plants complied by reformulating their coatings.
Modeling Radiation Effects of Ultrasoft X Rays on the Basis of Amorphous Track Structure

There is experimental evidence that ultrasoft X rays (0.1–5 keV) show a higher biological effectiveness than high-energy photons. Similar to high-LET radiation, this is attributed to a rather localized dose distribution associated with a considerably smaller range of secondary electrons, which results in an increasing yield of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and potentially more complex lesions. We previously reported on the application of the Giant LOop Binary LEsion (GLOBLE) model to ultrasoft X rays, in which experimental values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for DSB induction were used to show that this increasing DSB yield was sufficient to explain the enhanced effectiveness in the cell inactivation potential of ultrasoft X rays. Complementary to GLOBLE, we report here on a modeling approach to predict the increased DSB yield of ultrasoft X rays on the basis of amorphous track structure formed by secondary electrons, which was derived from Monte Carlo track structure simulations. This procedure is associated with increased production of single-strand break (SSB) clusters, which are caused by the highly localized energy deposition pattern induced by low-energy photons. From this, the RBE of ultrasoft X rays can be determined and compared to experimental data, showing that the inhomogeneity of the energy deposition pattern represents the key variable to describe the increased biological effectiveness of ultrasoft X rays. Thus, this work demonstrates an extended applicability of the amorphous track structure concept and tests its limits with respect to its predictive power. The employed model mechanism offers a possible explanation for how the cellular response to ultrasoft X rays is directly linked to the energy deposition properties on the nanometric scale.
Alterations in Patients with Microsatellite Instability-Low Colorectal Cancer 1

Two microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotypes have been described in colorectal cancer (CRC): MSI-H (instability at >30% of the loci examined) and MSI-L (MSI at 1–30% of the loci examined). The MSI-H phenotype, observed in both hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancerassociated CRC and approximately 15% of sporadic CRC, generally results from mutational or epigenetic inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes hMSH2 or hMLH1. The genetic basis for the MSI-L phenotype, however, is unknown. Several other proteins, including hMSH3 and hMSH6, also participate in DNA MMR. Inactivating mutations of MSH6 in yeast and human tumor cell lines are associated with an impaired ability to repair single-base mispairs and small insertion-deletion loops but not large insertion-deletion loops. This suggests that hMSH6 mutations are more likely to be associated with a MSI-L phenotype than a MSI-H phenotype in CRC. To explore this possibility, we screened tumors from 41 patients with MSI-L CRC for hMSH6 mutations with conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and for hMSH6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Alterations found with CSGE were confirmed by DNA sequencing of normal and tumor tissue. One somatic (Asp389Asn) and 15 germ-line changes were found. Of the 15 germ-line changes, 9 were found in an intron (none involving splice junctions), and 6 were found in an exon (Gly39Glu, Leu395Val, and 4 silent alterations). Immunohistochemical staining for hMSH6 performed on 34 of the 41 tumors revealed strong nuclear hMSH6 expression in all of the cases. Overall, our results suggest that hMSH6 mutations do not play a major role in the development of sporadic CRC with a MSI-L phenotype.
Full-range carrier frequency offset estimation for CO-OFDM based on CMA equalizers

A constant modulus algorithm-(CMA) based carrier frequency offset estimation method for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the frequency offset estimation range of the proposed algorithm can achieve [−5.9, +5.9] GHz, and the mean normalized estimation error can be kept under 0.001 even the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) value is as low as 2 dB.
A new moving objects detection method based on improved SURF algorithm

In this paper, we present a new moving objects detection method in dynamic scenes to meet the real-time requirements. In the method, we propose an improved SURF algorithm for feature extraction. The SURF is improved via limiting the number of detected feature points, and adopting a fast method to reduce the repeated calculation when calculating the feature point's dominant orientation. This algorithm improves the speed and precision of the original SURF. To reduce the computation complexity in the global-search method, an improved matching method is proposed. This improved method reduces the matching time and improves the precision of matching. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed moving objects detection method is able to successfully detect the moving objects in dynamic scenes. It not only has higher accuracy and robustness, but also has a good advantage of time compared with the existing moving objects detection methods based on SIFT and SURF.
Analyse syntaxique du français parlé

Nous presentons ici une infrastructure linguistique et logicielle permettant d'envisager le developpement d'un analyseur syntaxique pour le Francais parle. Cette infrastructure vise a faciliter la reutilisation de l'analyseur stochastique MALT pour le francais parle et comprend (i) la definition d'un schema d'annotation en dependances et (ii) un environnement logiciel permettant l'annotation syntaxique, l'apprentissage sur un corpus annote, l'analyse syntaxique et l'evaluation par rapport a une reference.
Effects of dietary folic acid level and symbiotic folate production on fitness and development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Folic acid is a vitamin for probably all animals. When converted to folate forms, it is used in DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Literature suggests insects must consume folates, folates do not affect others, is a toxin for some, and that a few insects synthesize it. It has been reported that Drosophila melanogaster does not consistently need dietary folate because it can synthesize it. This seems unlikely since animals generally lack this ability. More likely, folates thought to have been made by the fly came from microbial symbionts. We aimed to clarify how dietary folic acid affects fitness and development in fruit flies and whether flies may receive folates from microbial symbionts. We found larvae were more viable and developed faster with increasing dietary folic acid, with the surprising exception that larvae fed nearly-zero folic acid developed faster. Their body folate levels did not significantly differ from those that consumed up to 600 times more folic acid. However, these flies fed little folate only achieved normal body folate levels and development times when antibiotics were excluded from the diet. When flies consumed near-zero folates with antibiotics, their body folate levels decreased and development was prolonged. An assay for the endosymbiont Wolbachia in flies used to generate the experimental flies did not show presence of these bacteria. Our data suggest D. melanogaster can harbor unknown bacterial symbiont(s) that provide essential folates to their host when it is scarce in the diet, allowing the fruit fly to maintain growth and development.
Peak Running Intensities of Professional Football

The use of global positioning systems (GPS) in team sports is now widespread, providing coaches with a useful tool for accurately quantifying the physical demands of training and competition. A number of training load metrics have been identified using these systems, however it was previously unclear which variables were most appropriate for use in a teamsport setting. Furthermore, traditional match analysis techniques do not accurately detect within-match fluctuations in running intensity that may provide insight into developing specific training and recovery methodologies. This series of studies first established the peak running intensities achieved during professional rugby league competition, using a novel moving average technique. This method outlined a considerable oversight in traditional methods, where the peak periods of play may have been missed. Secondly, these studies investigated the contextual factors affecting running intensity within interchange rugby league players. Next, the importance, reliability and usefulness of acceleration-based measures using GPS technology within team sports were evaluated. A comprehensive assessment of the peak running intensities achieved during team-sport competition was then performed, with particular reference to the football codes. Lastly, a novel application of power law analysis was used to quantify the relationship between running intensity and the duration of the moving average applied. This series of studies provides coaches with a precise overview of the true peak intensities of competition, and furthermore presents a simple, practical tool for estimating match running intensity as a function of time. As a result, coaches may provide players with an environment where technical, competitive and physical traits can be developed concurrently, using specific methodologies such as small-sided games. If athletes are exposed to the rigors of competition during training they will become more resilient, and when faced with these situations during a match, these events will be less “catastrophic”.