Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of autophagic-lysosomal delivery and autophagic lactolysis by asparagine

Overall autophagy was measured in isolated hepatocytes as the sequestration and lysosomal hydrolysis of electroinjected [14C]lactose, using HPLC to separate the degradation product [14C]glucose from undegraded lactose. In addition, the sequestration step was measured separately as the transfer from cytosol to sedimentable cell structures of electroinjected [3H]raffinose or endogenous lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; in the presence of leupeptin to inhibit lysosomal proteolysis). Inhibitor effects at postsequestrational steps could be detected as the accumulation of autophaged lactose (which otherwise is degraded intralysosomally), or of LDH in the absence of leupeptin. Asparagine, previously shown to inhibit autophagic but not endocytic protein breakdown, strongly suppressed the autophagic hydrolysis of electroinjected lactose. Vinblastine, which inhibits both types of degradation, likewise suppressed lactose hydrolysis. Asparagine had little or no effect on sequestration, but caused an accumulation of autophaged LDH and lactose, indicating inhibition at a postsequestrational step. Neither asparagine nor vinblastine affected the degradation of intralysosomal lactose preaccumulated in the presence of the reversible lysosome inhibitor propylamine. However, if lactose was preaccumulated in the presence of asparagine, both asparagine and vinblastine suppressed its subsequent degradation. The data thus indicate that autophagic-lysosomal delivery, i.e., the transfer of autophaged material from prelysosomal vacuoles to lysosomes, is inhibited selectively by asparagine and non-selectively by vinblastine.
Interaction in Quantum Communication

In some scenarios there are ways of conveying information with many fewer, even exponentially fewer, qubits than possible classically. Moreover, some of these methods have a very simple structure-they involve only few message exchanges between the communicating parties. It is therefore natural to ask whether every classical protocol may be transformed to a "simpler" quantum protocol-one that has similar efficiency, but uses fewer message exchanges. We show that for any constant k, there is a problem such that its k+1 message classical communication complexity is exponentially smaller than its k message quantum communication complexity. This, in particular, proves a round hierarchy theorem for quantum communication complexity, and implies, via a simple reduction, an Omega(N1k/) lower bound for k message quantum protocols for Set Disjointness for constant k. Enroute, we prove information-theoretic lemmas, and define a related measure of correlation, the informational distance, that we believe may be of significance in other contexts as well
Radio-frequency-based Wireless Energy Transfer in LTE-A heterogenous networks

Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) promises charging wireless sensor networks, cell phones and on-body medical devices without the need of battery replacement nor plugging in to the mains. Magnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation are two alternative technologies for WET. Magnetic induction based WET is a mature technology while electromagnetic radiation based WET has been recently studied for WSNs or RFID tags in many studies. On the other hand, powering cell phones, PDAs or other User Equipment (UE) from ambient electromagnetic signals has unique challenges and is an emerging field of study. In this paper, we consider Radio Frequency WET (RF-WET) for prolonging UE lifetime in a Heterogeneous wireless network (HetNet). In a HetNet, coverage and capacity of the macro cell is augmented by small cells such as picocells, femtocells or Wi-Fi hotspots. In this paper, we assume small cell base stations and dedicated Energy Transmission Towers (ETTs) work together towards supplying power to the UEs. Power is supplied in the same frequency band with the communications in a time-sharing manner. We propose an ILP model where a mix of Picocell Base Stations (PBSs) and ETTs are placed such that the harvested energy is maximized while the number of ETTs and the number of actively power transmitting PBSs are minimized. We show that extended range of PBSs aid in increasing the amount of energy harvested by the UEs while as the number of serviced UEs increase the overall power harvesting capacity of the system improves.
How to Compare and Interpret Two Learnt Decision Trees from the Same Domain?

Data mining methods are widely used across many disciplines to identify patterns, rules or associations among huge volumes of data. Decision tree induction such as C4.5 is the most preferred method for classification since it works well on average regardless of the data set being used. The resulting decision tree has explanation capability but problems arise if the data set has been collected at different times or is enlarging and the decision tree induction process has been repeated. The resulting tree will change and the expert is questioning the trustworthy of the result. That brings us to the problem of comparing two decision trees in accordance with its explanation power. In this paper, we present a method how to compare two decision trees and how to interpret the change of the structure and the attributes in the decision tree.
Constitution of an automized processing chain to analyse a MERIS time series of Swiss lakes

: The physically based Modular Inversion Processing System (MIP) is used in an automized processing chain for inland water constituent retrieval from MERIS level 1B data. Preprocessing routines are used to automatically convert the ESA generic data products into MIP input data format. Water/land masking, atmospheric correction and water constituent retrieval are accomplished by simple batch executables from MIP. The accuracy of the constituent retrieval mainly depends on the spectral fit between the image input data and the radiative transfer model results extracted from a database. Therefore, thresholds and initial values for model fitting have to account for all occurring lake specific temporal variations and need careful adjustment. ABSTRACT: The physically based Modular Inversion & Processing System (MIP) is used in an automized processing chain for inland water constituent retrieval from MERIS level 1B data. Preprocessing routines are used to automatically convert the ESA generic data products into MIP input data format. Water/land masking, atmospheric correction and water constituent retrieval are accomplished by simple batch executables from MIP. The accuracy of the constituent retrieval mainly depends on the spectral fit between the image input data and the radiative transfer model results extracted from a database. Therefore, thresholds and initial values for model fitting have to account for all occurring lake specific temporal variations and need careful adjustment.
Continuous intravenous versus intermittent ampicillin therapy of experimental endocarditis caused by aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci

We studied the efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of ampicillin compared with that of intermittent administration of ampicillin alone or in combination with gentamicin for the therapy of highly aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcal experimental endocarditis. Rabbits were infected with a gentamicin-susceptible (MIC, 256 micrograms/ml) strain of Enterococcus faecalis or a strain of E. faecalis which was highly resistant to gentamicin in vitro (MIC, greater than 2,000 micrograms/ml). Administration of ampicillin by continuous intravenous infusion did not significantly enhance the killing of enterococci in vivo compared with that by intermittent administration of ampicillin for either the aminoglycoside-susceptible or the aminoglycoside-resistant strain. In combination with gentamicin, there were no significant differences in efficacies obtained with intermittent versus continuous intravenous infusion of ampicillin therapy for experimental endocarditis caused by either strain of E. faecalis.
The MicroGrid: a Scientific Tool for Modeling Computational Grids

The complexity and dynamic nature of the Internet (and the emerging Computational Grid) demand that middleware and applications adapt to the changes in configuration and availability of resources. However, to the best of our knowledge there are no simulation tools which support systematic exploration of dynamic Grid software (or Grid resource) behavior. We describe our vision and initial efforts to build tools to meet these needs. Our MicroGrid simulation tools enable Globus applications to be run in arbitrary virtual grid resource environments, enabling broad experimentation. We describe the design of these tools, and their validation on micro- benchmarks, the NA parallel benchmarks, and an entire Grid application. These validation experiments show that the MicroGrid can match actual experiments within a few percent (2% to 4%).
Therapeutic DNA Vaccination of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: Report of the First Pediatric Randomised Trial (PEDVAC)

Subjects Twenty vertically HIV-infected children, 6–16 years of age, with stable viral load control and CD4+ values above 400 cells/mm3. Intervention Ten subjects continued their ongoing antiretroviral treatment (ART, Group A) and 10 were immunized with a HIV-DNA vaccine in addition to their previous therapy (ART and vaccine, Group B). The genetic vaccine represented HIV-1 subtypes A, B and C, encoded Env, Rev, Gag and RT and had no additional adjuvant. Immunizations took place at weeks 0, 4 and 12, with a boosting dose at week 36. Monitoring was performed until week 60 and extended to week 96. Results Safety data showed good tolerance of the vaccine. Adherence to ART remained high and persistent during the study and did not differ significantly between controls and vaccinees. Neither group experienced either virological failure or a decline of CD4+ counts from baseline. Higher HIV-specific cellular immune responses were noted transiently to Gag but not to other components of the vaccine. Lymphoproliferative responses to a virion antigen HIV-1 MN were higher in the vaccinees than in the controls (p = 0.047), whereas differences in reactivity to clade-specific Gag p24, RT or Env did not reach significance. Compared to baseline, the percentage of HIV-specific CD8+ lymphocytes releasing perforin in the Group B was higher after the vaccination schedule had been completed (p = 0.031). No increased CD8+ perforin levels were observed in control Group A. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the feasibility, safety and moderate immunogenicity of genetic vaccination in vertically HIV-infected children, paving the way for amplified immunotherapeutic approaches in the pediatric population. Trial registration clinicaltrialsregister.eu _2007-002359-18 IT
Autonomy Spectrum and Performance Perception Issues in Swarm Supervisory Control

This paper proposes a two-part contribution to the human factor issues raised by the prospect of the deployment of swarms of autonomous robots under the supervision of a human operator. First, we propose a generic framework for system description that allows us to analyze and guide the design of automated systems. Second, we analyze the way some highly adaptive systems such as swarms can be perceived by operators, and especially the way representational gaps between man and machine can impact global performances.
A review: additive manufacturing for active electronic components

ABSTRACT Fabrication of fully functional devices is one of the ultimate goals of additive manufacturing technology. In order to achieve this goal, a critical step is to fabricate electronic components using fully additive methods. Although there are still numerous roadblocks that need to be overcome towards this goal, research activities in the field of additive manufacturing for electronic components in general, and for active components in particular, are progressing at a considerable pace and have been achieving significant successes. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to consolidate recent developments in this exciting field. Such developments include fully additive manufacturing methods for active components such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, and batteries. We discuss and compare the advantages, as well as disadvantages, of these methods. We also discuss major challenges that need to be addressed in the roadmap for additive manufacturing of active components.
Study of Electron Transport in Fullerene (C60) Quantum Confined Channel Layer Based Field Effect Transistor

In this work, we modelled a simple n-channel Si Metal-Quantum confined layer-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MQSFET), which resembles exactly as the conventional Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) where SiO2 dielectric layer is replaced with a wide band gap C60 quantum confined layer of thickness 3nm and gold (Ψ=5.1eV) as metal contact. The capacitance and voltage characteristics at different temperatures from 100 K to 500 K and energy band gap are studied using Multi-dielectric Energy Band Diagram Program (MEBDP) simulation software, performed current-voltage transistor characteristics and analyzed the mobility of the charge carrier in the MQS sandwiched device structure using the Caughey-Thomas high saturation mobility model and the Lombardi surface mobility model. In these studies, we inferred a very low threshold voltage, when the donor concentration in the p-Si substrate is tuned between 1E16 to 1E17 cm-3 and a saturated flow of nanoamperes range of charge carrier at a low gate potential is even possible.
A transfer learning approach for cache-enabled wireless networks

Locally caching contents at the network edge constitutes one of the most disruptive approaches in 5G wireless networks. Reaping the benefits of edge caching hinges on solving a myriad of challenges such as how, what and when to strategically cache contents subject to storage constraints, traffic load, unknown spatio-temporal traffic demands and data sparsity. Motivated by this, we propose a novel transfer learning-based caching procedure carried out at each small cell base station. This is done by exploiting the rich contextual information (i.e., users' content viewing history, social ties, etc.) extracted from device-to-device (D2D) interactions, referred to as source domain. This prior information is incorporated in the so-called target domain where the goal is to optimally cache strategic contents at the small cells as a function of storage, estimated content popularity, traffic load and backhaul capacity. It is shown that the proposed approach overcomes the notorious data sparsity and cold-start problems, yielding significant gains in terms of users' quality-of-experience (QoE) and backhaul offloading, with gains reaching up to 22% in a setting consisting of four small cell base stations.
Tissue-mediated selection of viral variants: correlation between glycoprotein mutation and growth in neuronal cells

Viral variants with different biological properties predominate in the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoid tissues of carrier mice infected at birth with the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The CNS isolates have the same phenotype as the parental strain and cause acute infections in adult mice, while the spleen-derived isolates cause chronic infections associated with suppressed T-cell responses and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Our previous studies have identified a single amino acid change in the viral glycoprotein, a phenylalanine-to-leucine (F-->L) mutation at residue 260, that correlates with the tissue-specific selection and the persistent and immunosuppressive phenotype of the spleen isolates (R. Ahmed, C.S. Hahn, T. Somasundaram, L. Villarete, M. Matloubian, and J. H. Strauss, J. Virol. 65:4242-4247, 1991). In this study, we screened viral isolates obtained from the spleen, liver, kidney, and brain of carrier mice for the presence of this mutation and determined the temporal selection of variants as they appear in these organs. We found that this F-->L amino acid change is common to > 90% of the spleen and liver isolates and is selected for rapidly by day 32 postinfection (p.i.). Although the kinetics observed in the kidney are relatively slower than in the spleen and liver, this F-->L mutation predominates in the kidney-derived isolates by 250 days p.i. In contrast, the majority of the CNS isolates retain the parental sequence up to 250 days p.i. In addition, most of the brain isolates replicated efficiently in a neuronal cell line, and this enhanced growth phenotype in neurons correlated with the parental F genotype. This linkage with neurotropism, along with our earlier finding that the F-->L mutation is necessary for enhanced infection of macrophages (M. Matloubian, S. R. Kolhekar, T. Somasundaram, and R. Ahmed, J. Virol. 67:7340-7349, 1993), provides a cellular basis for the molecular changes associated with tissue-specific selection. Taken together, these results suggest that tropism for macrophages is a critical determinant in selection of variants with the F-->L mutation in tissues such as spleen and liver, and tropism for neurons is important in retention of the F genotype in the CNS.
The role of Indigenous family ethnic schema on well-being among Native Hawaiian families

Abstract Despite assertions of the importance of family in Indigenous cultures and its impact on psychological and physical health, there remains a paucity of research and a lack of measurement on Indigenous families’ worldviews and their respective impact on well-being. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between Indigenous family ethnic schema and individual well-being. The sample consisted of 81 older adults (average age was 60.94 years old) with 77 Native Hawaiian and part-Native Hawaiian participants, and two Caucasian and two Asian participants with a Hawaiian partner or spouse. Family ethnic schema focusing on Indigenous values, beliefs, expectations and priorities was found to explain higher levels of individual well-being independent of age, income and gender. Clinical implications of family ethnic schema in terms of help-seeking behavior, treatment and adherence to treatment are discussed.
Communication and coordination patterns to support mobile collaboration

Wireless communication and mobile computing technologies have brought new opportunities and challenges to the CSCW area. Traditional CSCW solutions concerning communication and coordination support are not applicable to mobile collaboration scenarios. Therefore, new reusable solutions have to be proposed in order to ease the development of mobile collaborative applications. This paper presents a set of design patterns to support communication and coordination in mobile ad-hoc scenarios. These two aspects are the basis to support mobile collaboration.
Hummingbird: Privacy at the Time of Twitter

In the last several years, micro-blogging Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Twitter, have taken the world by storm, now boasting over 100 million subscribers. As an unparalleled stage for an enormous audience, they offer fast and reliable centralized diffusion of pithy tweets to great multitudes of information-hungry and always-connected followers. At the same time, this information gathering and dissemination paradigm prompts some important privacy concerns about relationships between tweeters, followers and interests of the latter. In this paper, we assess privacy in today's Twitter-like OSNs and describe an architecture and a trial implementation of a privacy-preserving service called Hummingbird. It is essentially a variant of Twitter that protects tweet contents, hash tags and follower interests from the (potentially) prying eyes of the centralized server. We argue that, although inherently limited by Twitter's mission of scalable information-sharing, this degree of privacy is valuable. We demonstrate, via a working prototype, that Hummingbird's additional costs are tolerably low. We also sketch out some viable enhancements that might offer better privacy in the long term.
A hierarchical relaxations lower bound for the capacitated arc routing problem

Amongst the most important features of supply chain management are those related to interconnecting various companies within a supply network. While the performance of these interconnections is greatly influenced by information technology and information management we still face another important issue regarding logistics performance which is transportation, routing, and network design. In this paper we consider an important problem within this frame, the capacitated arc routing problem (CARP), and provide a new lower bounding scheme to obtain bounds on the quality of heuristically obtained solutions. Given a network with demands on the arcs the CARP is to find a set of minimum cost routes for a set of vehicles to service all arcs with positive demands without violating the capacities of the vehicles. Based on benchmark instances, from the literature as well as real-world problem instances we can show that our bounds are more effective than other bounds available from the literature.
Implementation of vocabulary-based classification for spam filtering

The excessive consumption of network bandwidth for transmitting unwanted emails has always been a major problem in the web, since, the existing classification approaches are still lacking for a complete solution. This paper presents an enhanced vocabulary-based dictionary algorithm for protecting web user by receiving unwanted spam mails. The proposed algorithm identifies and classifies legitimate incoming mails against unsolicited email attacks. We present a porter stemmer algorithm as a part of normalization process for removing the common morphological and inflexional endings from English words. A comparative study and evaluation of these classification approaches are carried out using machine-learning techniques. The performance of the proposed algorithm is visualized using confusion matrix. The experimental results show that our method produces less number of false negatives when compared with existing techniques.
Significance of modified empirical mode decomposition for ECG denoising

The primary objective of the presented work is to exploit the power of modified empirical mode decomposition (M-EMD) for the denoising of ECG signals. It is well known that the ECG signals get corrupted by a number of noises during the recording process. Especially, during wireless ECG recording and ambulatory patient monitoring, the signal gets corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Over the years, several techniques have been proposed for ECG denoising. Among those, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm are noted to be quite effective. Further, the NLM-based approach is better in retaining the morphological characteristics in comparison to the EMD. Consequently, the two approaches are effectively combined in this paper so that each one complements the other. In the proposed approach, the noisy ECG signal is first preprocessed using the NLM algorithm. This is followed by decomposition of the partially denoised output through M-EMD. The decomposed components are suitably thresholded and then reconstructed to obtain the final denoised signal. This largely addresses the issue of under-averaged regions noted in the case of NLM-based denoising. Furthermore, the proposed approach is noted to be superior to the other existing techniques.