Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Static analysis of source code written by novice programmers

In this paper we are reporting the finding on the use of a static analysis of C source code written by students learning to program. Two different tools for static code analysis were used to analyze the solutions submitted by the students on the partial exams and exams from the introductory course in programming in a three year period. We have collected, analyzed and compared most common errors reported by both tools. We further investigate if the available checks provided by these tools, often used in professional software development practices to find bugs and improve the code quality, can also help novice programmers in tracking down and resolving their problems in the code or have any other value in the process of learning programming.
Spatially patterned electrical stimulation of the retina for improved specificity

Current retinal prostheses suffer from a lack of spatial specificity, resulting in indiscriminate stimulation of many distinct retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types over a large region. Re-creation of the complex spatiotemporal activity patterns of retinal ganglion cells requires single-cell spatial resolution, which is difficult to achieve with monopolar stimulation, even using high-density electrode arrays. Here we investigate the potential of spatial patterns of current injection for improving spatial specificity. We found that current injection through neighboring electrodes modulates RGC activation thresholds, and that this modulation can be described by a simple empirical model. Such a model could be used to determine optimal spatial patterns of current injection to activate a target RGC without also activating other nearby RGCs.
Constructing an Alias List for Named Entities during an Event

In certain fields, real-time knowledge from events can help in making informed decisions. In order to extract pertinent real-time knowledge related to an event, it is important to identify the named entities and their corresponding aliases related to the event. The problem of identifying aliases of named entities that spike has remained unexplored. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm, EntitySpike, that identifies entities that spike in popularity in tweets from a given time period, and constructs an alias list for these spiked entities. EntitySpike uses a temporal heuristic to identify named entities with similar context that occur in the same time period (within minutes) during an event. Each entity is encoded as a vector using this temporal heuristic. We show how these entity-vectors can be used to create a named entity alias list. We evaluated our algorithm on a dataset of temporally ordered tweets from a single event, the 2013 Grammy Awards show. We carried out various experiments on tweets that were published in the same time period and show that our algorithm identifies most entity name aliases and outperforms a competitive baseline.
Identification of NY‐ESO‐1, MAGE‐1, and MAGE‐3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Certain tumor antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. NY‐ESO‐1, MAGE‐1, and MAGE‐3 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck squamous cell cancers and to correlate this with patient characteristics.
Characterization of a Replication-Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 att Site Mutant That Is Blocked after the 3′ Processing Step of Retroviral Integration

ABSTRACT Two activities of retroviral integrase, 3′ processing and DNA strand transfer, are required to integrate viral cDNA into a host cell chromosome. Integrase activity has been analyzed in vitro using purified protein and recombinant DNA substrates that model the U3 and U5 ends of viral cDNA or by using viral preintegration complexes (PICs) that form during virus infection. Numerous studies have investigated changes in integrase or viral DNA for effects on both 3′ processing and DNA strand transfer activities using purified protein, but similar analyses have not been carried out using PICs. Here, we analyzed PICs from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain 604del, an integration-defective mutant lacking 26 bp of U5, and revE1, a revertant of 604del containing an additional 19-bp deletion, for levels of 3′ processing activity that occurred in infected cells and for levels of in vitro DNA strand transfer activity. Whereas revE1 supported one-third to one-half of the level of wild-type DNA strand transfer activity, the level of 604del DNA strand transfer activity was undetectable. Surprisingly, integrase similarly processed the 3′ ends of 604del and revE1 in vivo. We therefore conclude that 604del is blocked in its ability to replicate in cells after the 3′ processing step of retroviral integration. Whereas Western blotting showed that wild-type, revE1, and 604del PICs contained similar levels of integrase protein, Mu-mediated PCR footprinting revealed only minimal protein-DNA complex formation at the ends of 604del cDNA. We propose that 604del is replication defective because proteins important for DNA strand transfer activity do not stably associate with this cDNA after in vivo 3′ processing by integrase.
A Novel SFVM-M$^{\bm 3}$ Control Scheme for Interleaved CCM/DCM Boundary-Mode Boost Converter in PFC Applications

This paper presents an open-loop synchronized-OFF voltage-mode Master-made-modulated (SFVM-M 3) control scheme for a two-phase interleaved boost converter with Master-Slave strategy for power factor correction applications. Interleaving the continuous-conduction-mode and discontinuous-conduction-mode (CCM/DCM) boundary-mode boost converters, however, is complicated because of the variable-frequencies nature of the operation. Furthermore, a problem of current divergence is implied in the Slave converter. In this paper, an ON-time tuning scheme of Slave converter is presented to stabilize the interleaved converter without using a phase-lock loop, or multiplier and current sensors. It can be implemented not only by an analog circuit, but also an alternative approach, which is calculated by a digital processor such as DSP. In the following discussion, an analog circuit will be proposed to generate the M3 control signal and verify the stability of interleaved boost converter with SFVM-M 3 control scheme, and then a digital implementation will be proposed to design the SFVM-M3 controller.
On the modeling of surface roughness limited mobility in SOI MOSFETs and its correlation to the transistor effective field

In this paper, we discuss in detail the modeling of surface roughness (SR) scattering in single- and double-gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs, where the conventional formulation based on the expected value of the electric field cannot be used. By reconsidering the Ando's original approach, we show that a model based on the eigenfunction derivatives at the Si-oxide interface can be naturally extended to SOI MOSFETs, and, furthermore, we also derive a formulation based on appropriate integrals of the eigenfunctions in the silicon film, which must replace the expected value of the field used in bulk MOSFETs. All the analytical identities used in the derivation of the model have been verified by using numerically calculated eigenvalues and wavefunctions. Our results indicate that, in ultrathin-film SOI MOSFETs, the effective field is no longer a good metric for the SR scattering and, furthermore, SR scattering affects the total mobility even at lower inversion densities than it does in bulk transistors.
Can Values Moderate the Attitudes of Right-Wing Authoritarians?

This investigation explored how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and endorsement of egalitarian beliefs may interact to determine attitudes toward immigrants, homosexuals, and African Americans. Study 1 (N = 239) found that RWA was negatively related to evaluations of immigrants for those who weakly endorsed egalitarian beliefs. In contrast, endorsement of egalitarian beliefs was associated with positive evaluations of immigrants for both low and high RWAs. RWA did not interact with egalitarianism to determine attitudes toward homosexuals or African Americans. Study 2 analyzed data from the 1992 National Election Study and replicated these effects in a young adult (age= 24) sample (n = 102) using moral traditionalism as a proxy for RWA. Partial support for the hypotheses also was found in the adult (age= 25) sample (n = 1,257). It is concluded that when tradition and/or social norms offer unclear positions, endorsement of egalitarian beliefs influences the attitudes of authoritarians.
TASS - Workshop on Sentiment Analysis at SEPLN TASS - Taller de Análisis de Sentimientos en la SEPLN

This paper describes TASS, an experimental evaluation workshop within SEPLN to foster the research in the field of sentiment analysis in social media, specifically focused on Spanish language. The main objective is to promote the application of existing state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques and the design of new ones for the implementation of complex systems able to perform a sentiment analysis based on short text opinions extracted from social media messages (specifically Twitter) published by representative personalities. The paper presents the proposed tasks, the contents, format and main statistics of the generated corpus, the participant groups and their different approaches, and, finally, the overall results achieved.
Building u-Hospice from UCI Perspectives

Hospice care or palliative care is the care for terminal patients who soon approach death e.g. within several months. An important direction in it is to promote home care. This is because it can help to reduce medical expenses and make patients feel more comfortable at home. Information technology can be essential for the end-of-life care for patients at home in the future with the rapid development of ubiquitous computing. This paper discusses a potential and our research plan for u-Hospice representing ubiquitous computing supported hospice care, from human and social perspectives.
Bioactive Scaffolds for the Controlled Formation of Complex Skeletal Tissues

Tissue Engineering may offer new treatment alternatives for organ replacement or repair deteriorated organs. Among the clinical applications of Tissue Engineering are the production of artificial skin for burn patients, tissue engineered trachea, cartilage for knee-replacement procedures, urinary bladder replacement, urethra substitutes and cellular therapies for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The Tissue Engineering approach has major advantages over traditional organ transplantation and circumvents the problem of organ shortage. Tissues reconstructed from readily available biopsy material induce only minimal or no immunogenicity when reimplanted in the patient. This book is aimed at anyone interested in the application of Tissue Engineering in different organ systems. It offers insights into a wide variety of strategies applying the principles of Tissue Engineering to tissue and organ regeneration.
Spirit and Community in the Johannine Apocalypse

In the history of interpretation of Rev the expression έν πνεύματι, as used in 1. 10; 4. 2; 17. 3; and 21. 10, has been accepted so categorically as a signal of a unique state of personal visionary consciousness that other alternative meanings have been left relatively unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to inquire whether this expression is meant to describe an actual condition of ecstasy experienced by the author either previous to or during his writing activity, or whether έν πνεύματι should be seen as a different kind of component within the complex of symbolism shared by the author and his original readers.
Effect Of Image Plane Dimensions On Radiated Emissions

The effect of finite dimensions of an image plane on the reduction of radiated emissions is investigated numerically. The applications are important in the reduction of the radiated fields from common-mode currents on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) conductors (lands). Earlier experimental results showed that common-mode currents tend to be the dominant contributors to the emissions from PCB lands [1,2]. Additional experimental results showed that placement of a metallic plane beneath the PCB could dramatically reduce the emissions [3]. The numerical results presented in this paper are intended to confirm these observations and are obtained for a ground plane of infinite length but finite width (2D) and for a ground plane (and current) of finite width and length (3D). These results show that reductions of radiated emissions of the isolated current of around lOdB are obtained when a finite ground plane is placed beneath it. It is also shown that as long as the ground plane dimensions are larger than approximately one wavelength, the height of the current above the ground plane is electrically small and the current is not too close to the edges of the ground plane, image theory provides an adequate characterization of the problem even though the ground plane dimensions are finite.
Application of remote sensing to quantify local warming trends: A review

Global changes in climate, environment, economies, population, governments, institutions, and cultures converge in localities. For instance, understanding local warming trend in the face of climate change era, it is an interesting area of research and to blend the knowledge of remote sensing technology to quantify local warming trends across the landscapes. This present study reviews contemporary methods of local warming trend analysis and how can remote sensing technology be used to comprehend existing methods and models. The results are clearly indicating that remote sensing technology can help understanding local warming at a higher spatial and temporal resolution which can be useful for local communities to adapt future temperature related changes at community level.
Nitrophenol detection using suspended SWNT films for environmental monitoring

Suspended addressable SWNT film arrays between cantilever electrodes were successfully developed for environmental monitoring. Structurally suspended SWNT films from substrate floor made possible rapid and highly sensitive detection of target molecules with increased convectional and diffusional fluxes of the molecules and with a large binding surface area. SWNT film FET resulted in a real-time, label-free, and electrical detection of nitrophenol to the concentration of ca. 1µM with a step-wise rapid response time of several seconds.
FEN BİLGİSİ VE SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÖZ-YETERLİK İNANÇLARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu arastirma ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan fen bilgisi ve sinif ogretmenlerinin fen ogretimine yonelik ozyeterlik inanc duzeylerinin brans, cinsiyet, mesleki kidem, haftalik ders yuku, hizmet ici egitim alma durumu, mesleginden memnun olma durumu, gorev yaptiklari okulun sosyo-ekonomik duzeyi ve gorev yaptiklari okulun calisma ortamindan memnun olma durumu gibi degiskenlere gore nasil degistigini tespit etmek amaciyla gerceklestirilmistir. Iliskisel tarama modelinde olan bu arastirmada Riggs ve Enochs (1990) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Hazir-Bikmaz (2004) tarafindan gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi yapilan Fen Ogretiminde Oz-yeterlik Inanci Olcegi ile 12 sorudan olusan Kisisel Bilgi Formu Aydin ili ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan fen bilgisi ve sinif ogretmenlerine uygulanmistir. Calisma, fen bilgisi (N=58) ve sinif (N=74) ogretmeni olmak uzere 132 kisi uzerinde yurutulmustur. Arastirmaya katilan ogretmenlerin %54.5'i kadin, %45.5'i erkektir. Arastirmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 11.5 paket programinda degerlendirilmis, yuzde ve frekans dokumleri alinmis ve tek yonlu varyans analizi, t ve Scheffe testleri uygulanmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, ogretmenlerin fen oz-yeterlik algisi cinsiyete, kideme, ders yukune, hizmetici egitim alma ile calisma ortamindan memnun olma durumuna gore farklilasmazken, branslara ve mesleginden memnun olma durumuna gore degismektedir. Ayrica haftalik ders yuku ile fen oz-yeterlik inanci (r= -.178) ve fen ogretiminde sonuc beklentisi (r=-.177) arasinda negatif ve dusuk duzeyde iliskiler oldugu saptanmistir. Bu baglamda, ogretmenlerin ders yuku arttikca, fen oz-yeterlik inanclarinin dustugu soylenebilir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Oz-yeterlik inanci, fen oz-yeterlik inanci, fen bilgisi ogretmeni, sinif ogretmeni
Lysophosphatidic acid, a novel lipid growth factor for human thyroid cells: Over‐expression of the high‐affinity receptor edg4 in differentiated thyroid cancer

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small lipid mediator with pleiotropic biological activities, e.g., the regulation of cellular proliferation and various aspects of cellular physiology. Signal transduction is achieved by binding to 2 high‐affinity receptors, EDG2 and EDG4, and a group of low‐affinity receptors, EDG1–7, all belonging to the superfamily of G protein–coupled receptors. We examined the growth‐regulatory effects of LPA in primary cultures of 8 goiters and 1 papillary thyroid cancer. We further assessed mRNA expression of high‐affinity receptors EDG2 and EDG4 in 14 normal thyroids, 29 papillary thyroid cancers, 7 follicular thyroid cancers and 13 goiters by quantitative RT‐PCR. We also identified mRNA expression of phospholipase A2 and LPA acyltransferase in fresh thyroid tissues derived from various sources. At concentrations of 10, 50 and 150 μM, LPA induced a 2‐fold rise of proliferation (p < 0.001) and acted as strongly as thyrotropin. The combination of LPA and TSH produced significant synergistic effects compared with each substance alone (p < 0.05). Normal thyroid, goiter and papillary or follicular thyroid cancer expressed 2 high‐affinity cognate LPA receptors, EDG2 and EDG4. EDG4 receptor mRNA expression was increased 3‐fold in differentiated thyroid cancer (p < 0.01), both papillary (p < 0.01) and follicular (p < 0.05), compared to normal thyroid or goiter. Overall expression of EDG2 receptor was unchanged in malignancy; however, increased EDG2 expression in individual samples correlated with lymphonodular metastasis (p = 0.01). Thus, lipid mediators are a novel class of factors involved in the control of proliferation in the human thyroid. Altered mRNA expression of the high‐affinity LPA receptor EDG4 suggests a role in the pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of interleukin‐1β‐induced calcitonin gene‐related peptide production from dorsal root ganglion neurons of neonatal rats

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is synthesized in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and released from primary afferent neurons to mediate hemodynamic effects and neurogenic inflammation. The effect of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)‐β on CGRP release from these sensory neurons was investigated. The results showed that IL‐1β (1 ng/ml) could directly induce CGRP release following prolonged incubation (24 hr) with these neurons. Treatment with IL‐1β (0.1–1.0 ng/ml) significantly increased CGRP release in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, pretreatment of DRG cells with actinomycin D at 1 μM or cyclohexamide at 10 μM for 30 min inhibited 1 ng/ml IL‐1β‐induced CGRP release in DRG neurons of neonatal rats. The inhibitors of PKC, JNK MAPK and NF‐κB, but not p38 or ERK1/2 MAPK, blocked IL‐1β‐induced CGRP release. RNase protection assay showed that IL‐1β could cause α‐CGRP mRNA increase in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, although the level of β‐CGRP mRNA was not affected. These results indicate that IL‐1β may activate PKC, which in turn initiates JNK MAPK and activates NF‐κB and finally induces α‐CGRP gene expression and release from these sensory neurons. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterizing THz coherent synchrotron radiation at the ANKA storage ring

In a synchrotron radiation source coherent infrared (IR) radiation is emitted when the bunch length is comparable to the wavelength of the emitted radiation. To generate coherent THz (far IR) radiation, the ANKA storage ring is operated regularly in a dedicated low-alpha optics. Different bunch lengths, corresponding to different spectral ranges of the THz spectrum and various electron beam energies can be offered, depending on user demand. The radiation emitted in the fringe field of a dipole magnet, the so-called edge radiation, is detected at the ANKA-IR beam line. This paper presents radiation properties like THz beam profiles and power measurements in the framework of characterising the coherent THz radiation to optimise the power, frequency and spatial output of the ANKA storage ring. First experiments showed a time averaged power of up to 0.2 mW suggesting a THz pulse peak power above 1 W.
Detection of Residual Disease in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Comparative Phenotype Mapping: Method and Significance

The present review summarizes our efforts in developing a novel immunologic approach (“Comparative Phenotype Mapping”) targeted at assessing minimal residual disease (MRD) in B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. The method relies on quantitatively aberrant, leukemia-associated antigen expression patterns which allow to discriminate leukemic from normal BCP using a limited panel of antibody combinations and multidimensional flow cytometry. In an analysis of 63 follow up bone marrow samples of patients with BCP-ALL we show that this approach enables to efficiently detect MRD. Further clinical observation revealed that the patients which were MRD-positive by flow cytometry (although in morphological remission) had a very high probability of early disease recurrence compared to the good chances of a relapse-free survival (RFS) in the MRD-negative cohort (RFS 0.0 vs. 0.76 at 3 years). Comparative Phenotype Mapping thus proves to be a reliable method for MRD detection in BCP-ALL. Concluding remarks relate to the optional applications of the method as well as to future perspectives. An ongoing large prospective study which we are now conducting on the basis of Comparative Phenotype Mapping will clarify the clinical significance of MRD detection in ALL patients by this method, and will determine its value compared to related as well as molecular-genetic techniques.
Critical Rationalism: A Restatement and Defence

Critical Rationalism, Popper's revolutionary approach to epistemology and scientific method, conceives human knowledge as consisting of unsupported guesses or conjectures. Investigation is therefore concerned, not with conclusively justifying our ideas - a hopeless endeavor - but with inventing new unjustified ideas and ejecting faulty ideas from the corpus of knowledge by criticism and refutation. The critical rationalist approach has been attacked by those who contend that it is little better than pure skepticism or irrationalism, or that it surreptitiously smuggles in the notion of inductive support. David Miller elegantly and provocatively reformulates critical rationalism by answering all its important critics. He presents a full defence of Popper's solution to the problem of induction, especially in the form which relates to practical decision-making. All known attempts to impeach Popper's solution as skeptical, irrationalist, or implicitly inductivist, are carefully considered and refuted. Critical Rationalism includes a detailed discussion of the role of probability in scientific method. Dr. Miller critically dissects the claims of Bayesianism, argues that objective probabilities do exist in the world, and proposes a new objectivist interpretation that makes sense of objective single-case probabilities even in a deterministic universe.