Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Electron-quasihole duality and second-order differential equation for Read-Rezayi and Jack wave functions

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Estimation of river depth from remotely sensed hydraulic relationships

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) radar interferometer satellite mission will provide unprecedented global measurements of water surface elevation (h) for inland water bodies. However, like most remote sensing technologies SWOT will not observe river channel bathymetry below the lowest observed water surface, thus limiting its value for estimating river depth and/or discharge. This study explores if remotely sensed observations of river inundation width and h alone, when accumulated over time, may be used to estimate this unmeasurable flow depth. To test this possibility, synthetic values of h and either cross‐sectional flow width (w) or effective width (We, inundation area divided by reach length) are extracted from 1495 previously surveyed channel cross‐sections for the Upper Mississippi, Illinois, Rio Grande, and Ganges‐Brahmaputra river systems, and from 62 km of continuously acquired sonar data for the Upper Mississippi. Two proposed methods (called “Linear” and “Slope‐Break”) are tested that seek to identify a small subset of geomorphically “optimal” locations where w or We covary strongly with h, such that they may be usefully extrapolated to estimate mean cross‐sectional flow depth (d). While the simplest Linear Method is found to have considerable uncertainty, the Slope‐Break Method, identifying locations where two distinct hydraulic relationships are identified (one for moderate to high flows and one for low flows), holds promise. Useful slope breaks were discovered in all four river systems, ranging from 6 (0.04%) to 242 (16%) of the 1495 studied cross‐sections, assuming channel bathymetric exposures ranging from 20% to 95% of bankfull conditions, respectively. For all four rivers, the derived depth estimates from the Slope‐Break Method have root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of <20% (relative to bankfull mean depth) assuming at least one channel bathymetry exposure of ∼25% or greater. Based on historic discharge records and HEC‐RAS hydraulic modeling, the Upper Mississippi and Rio Grande rivers experience adequate channel exposures at least ∼60% and ∼42% of the time, respectively. For the Upper Mississippi, so‐called “reach‐averaging” (spatial averaging along some predetermined river length) of native‐resolution h and We values reduces both RMSE and longitudinal variability in the derived depth estimates, especially at reach‐averaging lengths of ∼1000–2000 m. These findings have positive implications for SWOT and other sensors attempting to estimate river flow depth and/or discharge solely from incomplete, remotely sensed hydraulic variables, and suggest that useful depth retrievals can be obtained within the spatial and temporal constraints of satellite observations.
Expression and Subcellular Localization of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K15P Protein during Latency and Lytic Reactivation in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells

ABSTRACT The K15P membrane protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) interacts with multiple cellular signaling pathways and is thought to play key roles in KSHV-associated endothelial cell angiogenesis, regulation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, and the survival, activation, and proliferation of BCR-negative primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. Although full-length K15P is ∼45 kDa, numerous lower-molecular-weight forms of the protein exist as a result of differential splicing and poorly characterized posttranslational processing. K15P has been reported to localize to numerous subcellular organelles in heterologous expression studies, but there are limited data concerning the sorting of K15P in KSHV-infected cells. The relationships between the various molecular weight forms of K15P, their subcellular distribution, and how these may differ in latent and lytic KSHV infections are poorly understood. Here we report that a cDNA encoding a full-length, ∼45-kDa K15P reporter protein is expressed as an ∼23- to 24-kDa species that colocalizes with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) marker TGN46 in KSHV-infected PEL cells. Following lytic reactivation by sodium butyrate, the levels of the ∼23- to 24-kDa protein diminish, and the full-length, ∼45-kDa K15P protein accumulates. This is accompanied by apparent fragmentation of the TGN and redistribution of K15P to a dispersed peripheral location. Similar results were seen when lytic reactivation was stimulated by the KSHV protein replication and transcription activator (RTA) and during spontaneous reactivation. We speculate that expression of different molecular weight forms of K15P in distinct cellular locations reflects the alternative demands placed upon the protein in the latent and lytic phases. IMPORTANCE The K15P protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is thought to play key roles in disease, including KSHV-associated angiogenesis and the survival and growth of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. The protein exists in multiple molecular weight forms, and its intracellular trafficking is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the molecular weight form of a reporter K15P molecule and its intracellular distribution change when KSHV switches from its latent (quiescent) phase to the lytic, infectious state. We speculate that expression of different molecular weight forms of K15P in distinct cellular locations reflects the alternative demands placed upon the protein in the viral latent and lytic stages.
Recent Advances on Nanotechnology Applications to Cancer Drug Therapy

One of the greatest challenges in cancer drug therapy is to maximize the effectiveness of the active ingredient while reducing its systemic adverse effects. Conventional (non-targeted) systemic drug therapy is characterized by unspecific distribution of the anticancer drugs: both healthy and affected tissues are thus exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent, giving raise to off-target side-effects. Besides, a number of widely-used chemoterapeutic agents present unfavorable physicochemical properties, such as low solubility or low stability issues, limiting their available routes of administration and therapeutic applications. Nano-delivery systems seem as promising solutions to these issues. They can be used for targeted-drug release, diagnostic imaging and therapy monitoring. Nanosystems allow the formulation of drug delivery systems with tailored properties ( e.g. solubility, biodegradability, release kinetics and distribution) that provide means to improve cancer patientsâ€™ quality of life by lowering the administered dose and, incidentally, the cost of clinical treatments. This article overviews the main features of different nanovehicles (linear and non-linear polymeric nanosystems, lipid-based systems, inorganic nanoparticles) and presents a selection of reports on applications of such systems to cancer therapy published between 2010 and 2013.
Effectiveness of Requirements Elicitation Techniques: Empirical Results Derived from a Systematic Review

This paper reports a systematic review of empirical studies concerning the effectiveness of elicitation techniques, and the subsequent aggregation of empirical evidence gathered from those studies. The most significant results of the aggregation process are as follows: (I) interviews, preferentially structured, appear to be one of the most effective elicitation techniques; (2) many techniques often cited in the literature, like card sorting, ranking or thinking aloud, tend to be less effective than interviews; (3) analyst experience does not appear to be a relevant factor; and (4) the studies conducted have not found the use of intermediate representations during elicitation to have significant positive effects. It should be noted that, as a general rule, the studies from which these results were aggregated have not been replicated, and therefore the above claims cannot be said to be absolutely certain. However, they can be used by researchers as pieces of knowledge to be further investigated and by practitioners in development projects, always taking into account that they are preliminary findings
An Adaptable Mobile Transaction Model

Mobile environments are characterized by high variability (e.g. variable bandwidth, disconnections, different communication prices) as well as by limited mobile host resources. Such characteristics lead to high rates of transaction failures and variable execution costs. To raise the success rate of transactions and to have a minimal control on resources consumption we claim that both application design and transaction management should be environment aware. This paper proposes an Adaptable Mobile Transaction model (AMT) that allows deflning transactions with several execution alternatives associated to a particular context. When an AMT is launched, the appropriate execution alternative is initiated depending on the current environment state. The goal is to adapt transaction execution to context variations. Our model relaxes atomicity and isolation properties but preserves con∞ict-serializability. A speciflcation of the AMT model in ACTA (formalism based on the flrst order logic) is presented. An analytical study shows that using AMTs increases commit probabilities and that it is possible to choose the way transactions will be executed according to their costs.
People Counting based on Kinect Depth Data

The people’s counting is one of the most important parts in the design of any system for behavioral analysis. It is used to measure and manage people’s flow within zones with restricted attendance. In this work, we propose a counting strategy for counting the number of people entering and leaving a given closed area. Our counting method is based on the use of depth map obtained from a Kinect sensor installed in a zenithal position with respect to the motion direction. It is used to count the number of people crossing a virtual line of interest (LOI). The proposed method is based on the use of two main modules a people detection module that is used to detect individuals crossing the LOI and a tracking module that is used to track detected individuals to determine the direction of their motions. The people detection is based on the design of a smart sensor that is used with both the grayscale image that represents depth changes and the binary image that represents foreground objects within the depth map to detect and localize individuals. Then, these individuals are tracked by the second module to determine the direction of their motions.
Web-based Supplementary Materials for “ Modeling Individual Effects in the Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model : A State-space Formulation ”

1. Web Appendix A Note: The R script given below was revised in July 2009 to resolve errors. Under the state-space formulation of the individual effects model, convenient full-conditional distributions arise when semi-conjugate beta priors are used for the model parameters. Consider the model of heterogeneity in which pi and φi are the detection and survival probabilities for individual i, and they have beta priors: pi ∼ Beta(ap, bp) and φi ∼ Beta(aφ, bφ). Define the summary statistics zi. = ∑T t=fi+1 z(i, t) and yi. = ∑T t=fi+1 y(i, t). Then, the Gibbs sampler for this model requires sampling each pi and φi from its full-conditional distribution. Those are:
Flood Syndrome: Spontaneous Umbilical Hernia Rupture Leaking Ascitic Fluid-A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION We report a rare case of Flood syndrome, which is a spontaneous rupture of an umbilical hernia. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old man with decompensated hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by ascites and esophageal varices presented with 1 day of ascitic fluid drainage after rupture of a preexisting umbilical hernia associated with diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness. A pigtail drain was placed in the right upper abdominal quadrant to decrease fluid drainage from the abdominal wall defect, allowing it to heal naturally. DISCUSSION The spontaneous rupture of an umbilical hernia in our patient highlights a rare complication with high mortality rates and stresses the challenge of treatment that falls in the area between medical and surgical management.
Energy savings in transportation systems by weight reduction of their components

Technological innovation bringing direct energy savings and reductions in carbon-dioxide emissions has been cited as an urgent issue in the field of transportation machinery. To cope with this issue, demand has been growing for structural materials that are lightweight yet offer high functionality because weight reduction of machinery can be immediately beneficial. A new non-combustible magnesium alloy with drastically improved areas of application is sought in which flammability is suppressed ——the worst weakness of magnesium alloys. Developing this new alloy as a basic component for reducing environmental load will contribute greatly to technological innovation for weight reduction in transportation machinery. This paper examines one methodology for industrialization of a new material through the resolution of the various technical issues related to practical application of non-combustible magnesium alloys.
Studies on Preparation of Controlled-Release Delivery Systems with Drug Gradients Using Three Dimensional Printing Technique

OBJECTIVE To prepare controlled-release delivery systems with drug gradients using three dimensional printing technique.METHODS With diclofenac sodium as model drug,controlled-release delivery systems with drug gradients were prepared using three dimensional printing technique.Basic performance,structure properties,and release characteristics were investigated through the routine tablet analysis,structure analysis,dissolution tests in vitro.RESULTS All parameters of drug delivery systems met the relevant standards,drug release from the axial direction was retarded completely,and drug distribution was gradient in the radial direction,98.14% drug was released at a zero-order rate.CONCLUSION Drug delivery systems with special properties of components,structure and surface texture to provide the desired release characteristics could be fabricated by three dimensional printing technique.
Effects of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular-related symptoms among residents in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a cross-sectional study using data from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Objective To investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and the exacerbation of cardiovascular symptoms among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods A sample of 73 433 individuals was included in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Self-report questionnaires were used to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors including living arrangements, loss of employment and decreased income on the exacerbation of headache, dizziness, palpitations and shortness of breath. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the effect of socioeconomic factors were estimated for each symptom using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Exacerbation of headaches was reported by 1893 individuals, dizziness by 1229, palpitations by 1085 and shortness of breath by 626 individuals. Evacuation accommodation was associated with all of these symptoms. Compared with participants living in their own home (OR=1.00), individuals living in relatives’ homes had increased probability of experiencing exacerbation of headache (1.58; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.09) and dizziness (1.42; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.98); those living in rental housing or apartments experienced exacerbation of headache (1.54; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.80), dizziness (1.45; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75), palpitations (1.25; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) and shortness of breath (1.76; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.28); participants living in evacuation shelters experienced exacerbation of headache (1.80; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.96); and refugees living in temporary housing also experienced exacerbation of headache (1.42; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.72), dizziness (1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.79) and shortness of breath (1.49; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.08). Compared with the evacuees who retained their jobs, unemployed individuals showed increased probability of exacerbation of headache (1.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46), dizziness (1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48) and palpitations (1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.45). Decreased income was associated with exacerbation of headache (1.39, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.60). Conclusion After the earthquake, living in non-home conditions was more likely to result in exacerbated cardiovascular symptoms among evacuees. Loss of employment was another risk factor related to exacerbated headache and dizziness.
How to Design Infrastructure Contracts in a Warming World: A Critical Appraisal of Public–Private Partnerships

We analyze how long-term uncertainty, for example, regarding future climate conditions, affects the design of concession contracts and organizational forms in a principal–agent context, with dynamic moral hazard, limited liability, and irreversibility constraints. The prospect of future, uncertain productivity shocks on the returns on the firm's effort creates an option value of delaying efforts, a course that exacerbates agency costs. Contracts and organizational forms are drafted to control this cost of delegated flexibility. The possibility for the agent to delay investment in response to uncertainty and irreversibility also elicits preference for unbundling different stages of the project through short-term contracts. Our analysis is relevant to infrastructure sectors that are sensitive to changing weather conditions and sheds a pessimistic light on the relevance of public–private partnerships in this context.
Insights into T Cell Recognition of Antigen: Significance of Two-Dimensional Kinetic Parameters

The T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) to enable T cell development and trigger adaptive immune responses. For this reason, TCR:pMHC interactions have been intensely studied for over two decades. However, the details of how various binding parameters impact T cell activation remain elusive. Most measurements were made using recombinant proteins by surface plasmon resonance, a three-dimensional (3D) technique in which fluid-phase receptors and ligands are removed from their cellular environment. This approach found TCR:pMHC interactions with relatively low affinities and slow off-rates for agonist peptides. Newer generation techniques have analyzed TCR:pMHC interactions in two dimensions (2D), with both proteins anchored in apposing plasma membranes. These approaches reveal in situ TCR:pMHC interaction kinetics that are of high affinity and exhibit rapid on- and off-rates upon interaction with agonist ligands. Importantly, 2D binding parameters correlate better with T cell functional responses to a spectrum of ligands than 3D measures.
The effects of pastoral intensification on the feeding interactions of generalist predators in streams

Land‐use change can alter trophic interactions with wide‐ranging functional consequences, yet the consequences for aquatic food webs have been little studied. In part, this may reflect the challenges of resolving the diets of aquatic organisms using classical gut contents analysis, especially for soft‐bodied prey. We used next‐generation sequencing to resolve prey use in nearly 400 individuals of two predatory invertebrates (the Caddisfly, Rhyacophila dorsalis, and the Stonefly Dinocras cephalotes) in streams draining land with increasingly intensive livestock farming. Rhyacophila dorsalis occurred in all streams, whereas D. cephalotes was restricted to low intensities, allowing us to test whether: (i) apparent sensitivity to agriculture in the latter species reflects a more specialized diet and (ii) diet in R. dorsalis varied between sites with and without D. cephalotes. DNA was extracted from dissected gut contents, amplified without blocking probes and sequenced using Ion Torrent technology. Both predators were generalists, consuming 30 prey taxa with a preference for taxa that were abundant in all streams or that increased with intensification. Where both predators were present, their diets were nearly identical, and R. dorsalis's diet was virtually unchanged in the absence of D. cephalotes. The loss of D. cephalotes from more intensive sites was probably due to physicochemical stressors, such as sedimentation, rather than to dietary specialization, although wider biotic factors (e.g., competition with other predatory taxa) could not be excluded. This study provides a uniquely detailed description of predator diets along a land‐use intensity gradient, offering new insights into how anthropogenic stressors affect stream communities.
Atomic Force Microscopy for Protein Detection and Their Physicoсhemical Characterization

This review is focused on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) capabilities to study the properties of protein biomolecules and to detect the proteins in solution. The possibilities of application of a wide range of measuring techniques and modes for visualization of proteins, determination of their stoichiometric characteristics and physicochemical properties, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the use of AFM as a molecular detector for detection of proteins in solutions at low concentrations, and also for determination of functional properties of single biomolecules, including the activity of individual molecules of enzymes. Prospects for the development of AFM in combination with other methods for studying biomacromolecules are discussed.
건축 단열재의 열전도계에 관한 실험적 연구 ( An Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Building Insulation Materials )

본 연구에서는 건축물에 사용되는 국산 단열재에 대하여 열적성능을 파악하기 위하여 각종 단열재에 대하여 열전도율 실험을 진행하고 그 실험결과를 국내외의 단열재에 대한 성능기준 및 관계자료와 비교 고찰한다.