Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital examination and transperineal ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length to assess risk of preterm delivery.

OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic performance of cervical length measurement determined with transperineal ultrasonography and digital assessment of the cervix for the prediction of preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor. METHOD 90 patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of preterm labor and intact membrane underwent cervical length measurement by transperineal ultrasonography along with digital examination for cervical dilatation and effacement. The main outcome measure was delivery before 37 weeks' gestation. RESULTS 32 patients (35.5%) delivered preterm. Receiver operative characteristic curve analysis revealed that cervical canal length < or = 28 mm measured by transperineal sonography had the highest diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 82.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of digital examination were found to be 65.5%, 72.4% and 62.5%, 68.9% for the cervical dilatation > 2 cm and effacement > or = 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION Transperineal ultrasonographic examination for cervical length is more accurate than digital examination for prediction of preterm delivery in patients presenting with preterm labor. Transperineal ultrasonographic examination of cervix is invaluable in the prediction of preterm delivery where transvaginal transducers are lacking or skilled staff are unavailable.
Autonomous SLAM technique by integrating Grid and Topology map

The technique of simultaneous localization and mapping has received much attention recently in mobile robotics. When map is being built, robot memorizes environmental information on the plane of grid or topology. Several approaches about this research have been presented so far, but most of them use mapping technique as either grid-based map or topology-based map. This paper proposes some algorithms integrating grid and topology map and its performance is faster and more stable. The proposed scheme uses an occupancy grid map in representing the environment and then formulate topological information in path finding by A* algorithm. The localization process and the dynamic obstacle avoidance can be accomplished by topological information on grid map. On simulator mapping process is shown and the shortest path is decided on grid based map. Then topological information such as direction, distance is calculated on simulator program then transmitted to robot hardware devices. Three ultrasonic sensors and electronic compass are implemented on our mobile robot and two DC geared motor wheels are individually controlled by PD control method. Simulations and experimental results show the performance and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Connections between centrifugal, stratorotational, and radiative instabilities in viscous Taylor-Couette flow.

The "Rayleigh line" μ=η^{2}, where μ=Ω_{o}/Ω_{i} and η=r_{i}/r_{o} are respectively the rotation and radius ratios between inner (subscript i) and outer (subscript o) cylinders, is regarded as marking the limit of centrifugal instability (CI) in unstratified inviscid Taylor-Couette flow, for both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric modes. Nonaxisymmetric stratorotational instability (SRI) is known to set in for anticyclonic rotation ratios beyond that line, i.e., η^{2}<μ<1 for axially stably stratified Taylor-Couette flow, but the competition between CI and SRI in the range μ<η^{2} has not yet been addressed. In this paper, we establish continuous connections between the two instabilities at finite Reynolds number Re, as previously suggested by Le Bars and Le Gal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 064502 (2007)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 064502], making them indistinguishable at onset. Both instabilities are also continuously connected to the radiative instability at finite Re. These results demonstrate the complex impact viscosity has on the linear stability properties of this flow. Several other qualitative differences with inviscid theory were found, among which are the instability of a nonaxisymmetric mode localized at the outer cylinder without stratification and the instability of a mode propagating against the inner cylinder rotation with stratification. The combination of viscosity and stratification can also lead to a "collision" between (axisymmetric) Taylor vortex branches, causing the axisymmetric oscillatory state already observed in past experiments. Perhaps more surprising is the instability of a centrifugal-like helical mode beyond the Rayleigh line, caused by the joint effects of stratification and viscosity. The threshold μ=η^{2} seems to remain, however, an impassable instability limit for axisymmetric modes, regardless of stratification, viscosity, and even disturbance amplitude.
Plant regeneration from leaf petioles in Camptotheca acuminata

SummaryCamptothecin, produced by Camptotheca acuminata, is a pharmaceutically important compound. Transgenic technology has potential uses for the enhancement of camptothecin production; however, an efficient plant regeneration protocol for C. acuminata is not currently available. Factors that affected successful seedling germination were evaluated. The regeneration potential of various parts of seedlings was tested. Camptothecin production in regenerated plants was compared to its production in calluses and the original seedlings. Dark incubation and seed coat removal led to a higher germination rate and a higher survival rate after germination. The best shoot induction medium was found to be Gamborg's B5 medium+8.9 μM benzyladenine. Among the calluses induced from various parts of seedlings, leaf petiole calluses, leaf dise calluses, and cotyledon calluses regenerated shoots, but internode calluses did not. Furthermore, leaf petiole calluses and leaf dise calluses regenerated normal shoots, while cotyledon calluses regenerated hyperhydric shoots. Moreover, leaf petiole calluses had a higher shoot regeneration rate, 50% versus 9%, and a higher shoot number, 6.2±0.5 versus 2.0±0.3, than did leaf dise calluses on the best shoot induction medium. It took 4–6 wk to regenerate shoots after transfer into shoot induction media. Camptothecin concentration in the regenerated plants was significantly higher than that in the calluses and similar to that in the original seedlings. In conclusion, leaf petioles provide efficient plant regeneration of C. acuminata.
A regulatory RNA required for antitermination of biofilm and capsular polysaccharide operons in Bacillales

Formation of a Bacillus subtilis biofilm community requires an abundant matrix protein, TasA and an exopolysaccharide. The transcriptional regulatory pathways that control synthesis of these structural features are complex and responsive to multiple physiological and population signals. We report herein that an additional layer of co‐transcriptional regulation is required for exopolysaccharide (eps) expression. This mechanism is mediated by a novel cis‐acting RNA element, coined ‘EAR’, located between the second and third gene of the eps operon. The presence of the EAR element within the eps operon is required for readthrough of distally located termination signals. We also find that the EAR element promotes readthrough of heterologous termination sites. Based upon these observations, we hypothesize that the EAR element associates with RNA polymerase to promote processive antitermination, a process wherein the transcription elongation complex is altered by accessory factors to become resistant to pausing and termination signals. It is likely that this mechanism is required for eps expression to ensure full synthesis of the unusually long transcript (16 kb). We also identify the EAR element in other species within the order Bacillales, suggesting that a similar mechanism is required for synthesis of biofilm and capsular polysaccharide operons in other microorganisms.
Genetic Regulation of Meiotic Cross-Overs between Related Genomes in Brassica napus Haploids and Hybrids[C][W]

Although the genetic regulation of recombination in allopolyploid species plays a pivotal role in evolution and plant breeding, it has received little recent attention, except in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PrBn is the main locus that determines the number of nonhomologous associations during meiosis of microspore cultured Brassica napus haploids (AC; 19 chromosomes). In this study, we examined the role played by PrBn in recombination. We generated two haploid × euploid populations using two B. napus haploids with differing PrBn (and interacting genes) activity. We analyzed molecular marker transmission in these two populations to compare genetic changes, which have arisen during meiosis. We found that cross-over number in these two genotypes was significantly different but that cross-overs between nonhomologous chromosomes showed roughly the same distribution pattern. We then examined genetic recombination along a pair of A chromosomes during meiosis of B. rapa × B. napus AAC and AACC hybrids that were produced with the same two B. napus genotypes. We observed significant genotypic variation in cross-over rates between the two AAC hybrids but no difference between the two AACC hybrids. Overall, our results show that PrBn changes the rate of recombination between nonhomologous chromosomes during meiosis of B. napus haploids and also affects homologous recombination with an effect that depends on plant karyotype.
Polymer‐Coated Urea Maintains Potato Yields and Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Minnesota Loamy Sand

Irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production requires large inputs ofN, and therefore has high potential for N loss including emissions of N 2 O. Two strategies for reducing N loss include split applications of conventional fertilizers, and single applications of polymer-coated urea (PCU), both of which aim to better match the timing ofN availability with plant demand. The objective of this 3-yr study was to compare N 2 O emissions and potato yields following a conventional split application (CSA) using multiple additions of soluble fertilizers with single preplant applications of two different PCUs (PCU-1 and PCU-2) in a loamy sand in Minnesota. Each treatment received 270 kg of fertilizer N ha -1 per season. An unfertilized control treatment was included in 2 of 3 yr. Tuber yields did not vary among fertilizer treatments, but N 2 O emissions were significantly higher with CSA than PCU-1. During 3 consecutive yr, mean growing season emissions were 1.36, 0.83, and 1.13 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 with CSA, PCU-1, and PCU-2, respectively, compared with emissions of 0.79 and 0.42 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 in the control. The PCU-1 released N more slowly during in situ incubation than PCU-2, although differences in N 2 O emitted by the two PCUs were not generally significant. Fertilizer-induced emissions were relatively low, ranging from 0.10 to 0.15% of applied N with PCU-1 up to 0.25 to 0.49% with CSA. These results show that N application strategies utilizing PCUs can maintain yields, reduce costs associated with split applications, and also reduce N 2 O emissions.
The Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Muscle Stiffness Across the Menstrual Cycle

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on hamstring neuromechanics and lower extremity stiffness across the menstrual cycle (MC). DesignCausal comparative. SettingResearch laboratory. ParticipantsThirty, healthy, normally menstruating female volunteers who were using OC (OC group, n = 15) or not (non-OC group, n = 15). Assessment of Risk FactorsStiffness and hamstring neuromechanics were assessed at 2 points of the MC corresponding to low (menses) and high (ovulation) hormone concentrations. Menses testing took place 3 to 5 days after the onset of menses (or pills 3-5 for the OC group). Ovulation test session occurred 2 to 4 days after ovulation identified using a commercial ovulation kit (or pills 15-17 in the OC group). Main Outcome MeasuresLower extremity stiffness and hamstring neuromechanics [stiffness, electromechanical delay, rate of force production (RFP), time to 50% peak force (T50%)] and blood plasma concentrations of estradiol-&bgr;-17, free testosterone, and progesterone. ResultsEstradiol-&bgr;-17, free testosterone, and progesterone increased at ovulation in the non-OC group and remained constant in the OC group. No changes were observed across the MC or between the groups in other variables (P > 0.05). ConclusionsAlthough previous literature suggests a prophylactic effect of OC use with respect to musculoskeletal injury risk, our results indicate that OC use does not affect muscle properties in manners thought to reduce ACL injury risk.
Long-term Outcomes After Initial Presentation of Diverticulitis

Objective: This study aims to determine the long-term outcomes of diverticulitis and to apply the findings to current practice patterns. Background: The long-term morbidity and mortality of diverticulitis are not well defined. Current practice guidelines for diverticulitis are based on limited evidence. Methods: The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database was queried for longitudinal observations across all hospitals from 1995 to 2009. Recurrence up to 15 years, medical versus surgical treatment, and mortality after recurrence were analyzed for patients after emergent admission for diverticulitis. Results: Among the 210,268 patients admitted emergently with diverticulitis, 179,649 (85%) were managed medically at their index admission. Of these medically managed patients, 27,450 (16.3%) suffered a second diverticulitis episode. On multivariable analysis, predictors of mortality with recurrence included the following [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)]: age more than 50 years [5.19, (3.05–8.29)]; previous tobacco use [1.40 (1.18–1.66)]; and complicated initial presentation with obstruction [1.33 (1.06–1.65)], abscess [2.18 (1.60–2.97)], peritonitis [3.14 (1.99–4.97)], sepsis [1.88 (1.29–2.73)], and fistula [3.50 (2.17–5.66)]. The mortality of delayed elective surgical intervention after the first episode of emergent diverticulitis was 0.3% compared to 4.6% for emergent resection during a second episode. Conclusions: Eighty-five percent of emergent diverticulitis patients do not recur after initial medical treatment. However, in view of significantly worse outcomes associated with diverticulitis recurrence, resection should be strongly considered for diverticulitis patients older than 50 years or those who present with a complicated clinical picture.
Involvement of Bax Redistribution in the Induction of Germ Cell Apoptosis in Neonatal Mouse Testes

Germ cell death is very common in mammalian testis, during both early testicular development and in the adult period, however the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Bcl-2 and Bax in induction of germ cell apoptosis in immature and mature mouse testes. To gain insights into downstream molecular cascades, we examined the expression of cytochrome c and activated caspase-3. Testes of adult and neonatal mice at 0, 6, 12 and 18 days after birth were used. Germ cell apoptosis was evaluated by Terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was examined by enzyme-immunohistochemistry. TUNEL-positive germ cells appeared at 6 days after birth, reaching a maximum number at 12 days after birth, when such cells were identified as gonocytes or spermatogonia. In contrast, by 18 days, the main population of TUNEL-positive cells comprised spermatocytes and the average number of positive cells per seminiferous tubule remained nearly constant thereafter. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax remained constant in germ cells from 0 to 12 days after birth. However, during that period we observed a dramatic redistribution of Bax staining from the cytoplasm to the whole cell including the nucleus. In parallel with the Bax redistribution, cytochrome c staining spread to the cytoplasm and activation of caspase-3 occurred. Moreover, in mirror sections of neonatal and adult testes, we confirmed a strong correlation among TUNEL-staining and Bax redistribution accompanying the cytochrome c redistribution and activation of caspase-3. The temporal and spatial association of Bax and spatial apoptosis-related protein expression with TUNEL-positive germ cells indicates that Bax redistribution may be a trigger for the induction of germ cell apoptosis in mouse testes.
Quality of Care and Outcomes for In-Hospital Ischemic Stroke: Findings From the National Get With The Guidelines-Stroke

Background and Purpose— Analysis of quality of care for in-hospital stroke has not been previously performed at the national level. This study compares patient characteristics, process measures of quality, and outcomes for in-hospital strokes with those for community-onset strokes in a national cohort. Methods— We performed a retrospective cohort study of the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) database of The American Heart Association from January 2006 to April 2012, using data from 1280 sites that reported ≥1 in-hospital stroke. Patient characteristics, comorbid illnesses, medications, quality of care measures, and outcomes were analyzed for 21 349 in-hospital ischemic strokes compared with 928 885 community-onset ischemic strokes. Results— Patients with in-hospital stroke had more thromboembolic risk factors, including atrial fibrillation, prosthetic heart valves, carotid stenosis, and heart failure (P<0.0001), and experienced more severe strokes (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Score 9.0 versus 4.0; P<0.0001). Using GWTG-Stroke achievement measures, the proportion of patients with defect-free care was lower for in-hospital strokes (60.8% versus 82.0%; P<0.0001). After accounting for patient and hospital characteristics, patients with in-hospital strokes were less likely to be discharged home (adjusted odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence intervals [0.35–0.39]) or be able to ambulate independently at discharge (adjusted odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence intervals [0.39–0.45]). In-hospital mortality was higher for in-hospital stroke (adjusted odds ratio 2.72; 95% confidence intervals [2.57–2.88]). Conclusions— Compared with community-onset ischemic stroke, patients with in-hospital stroke experienced more severe strokes, received lower adherence to process-based quality measures, and had worse outcomes. These findings suggest there is an important opportunity for targeted quality improvement efforts for patients with in-hospital stroke.
Analisis Terhadap Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat (Perspektif Hukum Islam)

The Birth of Law No. 23/2011 marks a new era of transformation of the national charity which has given rise to a new paradigm of charity management in our country. Some rules are the result of constitutive ijtihadin the ? eld of charity gets a reaction from some quarters, especially related to the management of charity by the state authority. Regardless of the debate which led to the material and formal lawsuit, there are several key issues to be further analyzed in relation to the reconstruction of ? qh paradigm evaluated from the perspective of contemporary Islamic law. First, the authorities and the involvement of the state as charities through the agency or institution that is of? cially established or recognized by the state, so that the management of charity can be done effectively, guaranteed. And have legal certainty. Secondly, the absence of sanctions for muzaki who shirk the obligation of charity in Law No.23 / 2011 shows that the payment of charity is voluntary, therefore charity regulations in Indonesia are still considered weak in the legal framework that can bind to the individual or business entity that is exposed to the taxpayer , Third, the reform paradigm of subject, object and charity tas{arruf ? eld have already accommodated in Law No.23 / 2011 in accordance with the principle of mas}lah}atand justice. Fourth, the relationship of charity and tax reaf? rmed in the amendment of new Law charity as ? scal incentives for charity payers to make charity as a reduction of PKP (tax deduction), although this provision has not been able to realize the position of charitywhich is more signi? cant as a tax deduction (tax credit).
“Goldilocks” Theorizing in Supply Chain Research: Balancing Scientific and Practical Utility via Middle-Range Theory

Abstract: While supply chain scholars have made considerable progress in theory building and testing, there has been a relative dearth of middle range theory. Middle-range theory (MRT) is context-specific conceptualization providing theoretically grounded insights readily applicable to an empirical context. It promotes rigorous and relevant research, bridges practice and theory, and conveys deeper understanding of how and why phenomena occur. The lack of significant MRT is surprising given the considerable efforts supply chain scholars exert to stay grounded in industry practices. As a result, we put forth a broad call for more middle-range theorizing and provide guidance on how supply chain scholars may meet this call. Specifically, we describe a MRT lever—theoretical contextualization—that strikes a balance between theory and industry and then present two overarching strategies (bottom-up and top-down) for MRT development. We discuss these strategies in the supply chain domain and identify how middle-range theorizing may be undertaken in four emerging, yet important, topics.
Cadmium toxicity to the cornea of pregnant rats: Electron microscopy and x‐ray microanalysis

Cadmium toxicity to the cornea of pregnant rats was studied using the electron microscope and x‐ray microanalyzer. In in‐vivo experiments, severe corneal edema occurred in pregnant dams that received intraperitoneal injections of cadmium sulphate for 4 days during gestation, but not in nonpregnant rats. Prominent swelling of mitochondria and the occurrence of intra‐ and inter‐cellular vacuoles in the corneal endothelium were observed only in pregnant dams.
Fitting in: the roles of social acceptance and discrimination in shaping the daily psychological well-being of Latino youth.

OBJECTIVES We examine how acculturation experiences such as discrimination and social acceptance influence the daily psychological well-being of Latino youth living in newly emerging and historical receiving immigrant communities. METHODS We use data on 557 Latino youth enrolled in high school in Los Angeles or in rural or urban North Carolina. RESULTS Compared to Latino youth in Los Angeles, Latino youth in urban and rural North Carolina experienced higher levels of daily happiness, but also experienced higher levels of daily depressive and anxiety symptoms. Differences in nativity status partially explained location differences in youths’ daily psychological well-being. Discrimination and daily negative ethnic treatment worsened, whereas social acceptance combined with daily positive ethnic treatment and ethnic and family identification improved, daily psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis contributes to understanding the acculturation experiences of immigrant youth and the roles of social context in shaping adolescent mental health.