Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF BOND REFUNDING ON SHAREHOLDER WEALTH

THE BOND REFUNDING DECISION has, throughout the years, received considerable attention from both academicians and practitioners. Much of the academic literature has concentrated on two questions. First, researchers have considered whether, after a decline in interest rates,' refunding would have a positive effect on shareholder wealth. The second question involves a determination of the optimal "timing" of the refunding. Our paper is only concerned with the first of these questions. Much of the previous research which has considered the effect of refunding on shareholder wealth has attempted to ascertain the appropriate rate to be employed for valuing the future interest saving from the refunding and whether pre-tax or after-tax interest saving should be discounted. The importance of the discount rate is expressed by Oswald Bowlin when he states,
Panel: Social informatics and information systems research: Where are we going?

This panel intends to explore the future of social informatics and the legacy of Rob Kling in Information systems research. Participants (listed in alphabetical order) tentatively include: Elisabeth Davenport (Napier University), Kristen Eschenfelder (University of Wisconsin), Noriko Hara (Indiana University), Roberta Lamb (University of Hawaii), Lisa Murphy (University of Alabama), Howard Rosenbaum-organizer (Indiana University), Steven Sawyer, Pennsylvania State University.
On the hidden side of liquidity

This article deals with the informativeness of iceberg orders, also known as hidden limit orders (HLOs). Namely, we analyze how the market reacts when the presence of hidden volume in the limit order book is revealed by the trading process. We use high-frequency book and transaction data from the Spanish Stock Exchange, including a large sample of executed HLOs. We show that just when hidden volume is detected, traders on the opposite side of the market become more aggressive, exploiting the opportunity to consume more than expected at the best quotes. However, neither illiquidity nor volatility increases in the short term. Furthermore, the detection of hidden volume has no relevant price impact. Overall, our results suggest that market participants do not attribute any relevant information content to the hidden side of liquidity.
An Empirical Model of Sectoral Movements by Unemployed Workers

Using Canadian data, I investigate the relationships among sectoral mobility, unemployment spells, and total unemployment. Recent North American evidence suggests that incidence shifts toward high wage-high tenure workers may increase equilibrium unemployment through decreasing sectoral mobility and increasing spells. Using a multiple spell transition model, I find that, while shifts toward such workers may have these effects, composition changes that lead to higher mobility can also increase unemployment. A further investigation into the relative roles of mobility and spell lengths in driving total unemployment indicates that the influence of the former is comparatively small.
Characterization of iron ferromagnetism by the local atomic volume: from three-dimensional structures to isolated atoms

We present a comprehensive study of the relationship between the ferromagnetism and the structural properties of Fe systems from three-dimensional ones to isolated atoms based on the spin-density functional theory. We have found a relation between the magnetic moment and the volume of the Voronoi polyhedron, determining, in most cases, the value of the total magnetic moment as a function of this volume with an average accuracy of ±0.28 μB and of the 3d magnetic moment with an average accuracy of ±0.07 μB when the atomic volume is larger than 22 Å3. It is demonstrated that this approach is applicable for many three-dimensional systems, including high-symmetry structures of perfect body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal close-packed (hcp), double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp), and simple cubic (sc) crystals, as well as for lower-symmetry ones, for example atoms near a grain boundary (GB) or a surface, around a vacancy or in a linear chain (for low-dimensional cases, we provide a generalized definition of the Voronoi polyhedron). Also, we extend the validity of the Stoner model to low-dimensional structures, such as atomic chains, free-standing monolayers and surfaces, determining the Stoner parameter for these systems. The ratio of the 3d-exchange splitting to the magnetic moment, corresponding to the Stoner parameter, is found to be I3d = (0.998 ± 0.006) eV /μB for magnetic moments up to 3.0 μB. Further, the 3d exchange splitting changes nearly linearly in the region of higher magnetic moments (3.0–4.0 μB) and the corresponding Stoner exchange parameter equals I3dh=(0.272±0.006)eV/μB? >. The existence of these two regions reflects the fact that, with increasing Voronoi volume, the 3d bands separate first and, consequently, the 3d magnetic moment increases. When the Voronoi volume is sufficiently large (≥22 Å3), the separation of the 3d bands is complete and the magnetic moment reaches a value of 3.0 μB. Then, when the volume further increases, the 4s bands start to separate, increasing thus the 4s magnetic moment. Surprisingly, in the region of higher magnetic moments (≥3.0 μB), there is also a linear relationship between the 4s exchange splitting and the total magnetic moment with a slope of I4sh=(1.053±0.016)? > eV /μB, which is nearly identical to I3d for magnetic moments up to 3.0 μB. These linear relations can be considered as an extension of the Stoner model for low-dimensional systems.
The United States and the Philippines

For this timely book, aimed at promoting thoughtful discussion of Philippine-American relations, Frank Golay has assembled eight first-rate men, no simple task in itself: Thomas McHale to write on changing Philippine society; Salvador Lopez on the colonial relationship, and David Wurfel on decolonization; O. D. Corpuz on Philippine foreign policy, and George Taylor on mutual security; Benito Legarda, Jr. and Roberto Garcia on trade relations, and Golay himself on American investment in the Philippines. The issues discussed here are entirely within range of compromise. The jurisdiction issue on military bases was settled before the book came out. As the Legarda-Garcia essay shows, constructive thought is being taken well in advance of the expiration, in 1974, of basic trade agreements. The parity issue, as Golay points out (pp. 107-08, 119-22) is a meager one in any concrete sense, affecting only about 9% of direct American investment in the Philippines. When Assistant Secretary of State William Bundy attempted to end discussion of parity, however, by announcing that the United States would not seek to continue it after 1974, he merely inflamed the issue, because of the way he said what he said. The ensuing Filipino irritation and American bafflement have been characteristic of recent relations. Several writers here allude to the problem of Philippine dignity, offended by Americans taking the country for granted, but the book might have benefited by a full and separate essay on differing political psychologies. George Taylor remarks that there is no mutual security without mutual interests; and there are no mutual interests without mutual understanding (pp. 93-94). The job, it would appear, is to achieve understanding between a superpower with global ambitions and a small ex-colony still seeking a cultural and regional identity. Of all the authors here represented, O. D. Corpuz strikes through the tangle most resolutely. He casts doubt upon the efforts of American scholars to describe a Filipino image of Philippine-United States relations, and declares that these are possibly mere verbalizaJOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES
Frequency-Domain Diagnosis Methods for Quality Assessment of Nb3Sn Coil Insulation Systems and Impedance Measurement

In recent years, the superconducting Nb3Sn cable material became the privileged mature candidate for the high-field magnets in new projects like high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) accelerator at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. The technology in 2017–2021 needs to be deployed through an unprecedented magnet series production with dedicated online quality control. The key fabrication stage of the vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) after the heat treatment reaction of Nb3Sn coils, as on the new 11-T dispersion region dipole, enhances both the structural integrity and the dielectric strength of the winding packs. The global vacuum impregnation pressure method exhibits various merits in insulation performance and high dielectric strength reliability, which is strongly dependent on the success of the resin filling cycle. This online capacitive measurement method enables one to derive comparative master trend curves of various impregnated coils and possibly optimize the curing cycle. Ultimately, a combination of the above methods with a dielectric frequency response can bring insights on the impregnation process, the impacts from the resin choice and insulation material quality on the degree of curing, and the coil assembly geometry. The frequency impedance measurement of the first short dipole models DP101-102 provides the distributed lumped circuit fitting electrical parameters for the transient characterization of produced magnets.
HRM retrenchment practices and firm performance in times of economic downturn: exploring the moderating effects of family involvement in management

A substantial number of studies have indicated a significant negative relationship between human resource management (HRM) retrenchment practices such as downsizing, and firm performance. However, a consideration of the potential effects of business family involvement in management is largely absent from the general employment restructuring literature. Using a sample of 218 Taiwanese publicly listed firms, this study seeks to further our understanding in this area by examining the moderating effects of family involvement in management on the relationship between the adoption of HRM retrenchment practices and firm performance during the period of global economic downturn that erupted in the middle of 2008. Data analysis reveals that HRM retrenchment practices had a negative influence on firm performance, and that the relationship between HRM retrenchment practices and firm performance was negatively and significantly moderated by family involvement in management.
Regulation of human subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation by EID1.

Increasing thermogenesis in white adipose tissues can be used to treat individuals at high risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine the function of EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation (EID1), an inhibitor of muscle differentiation, in the induction of beige adipocytes from adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from healthy women undergoing abdominoplasty. ADMSCs were isolated in vitro, grown, and transfected with EID1 or EID1 siRNA, and differentiation was induced after 48 h by administering rosiglitazone. The effects of EID1 expression under the control of the aP2 promoter (aP2-EID1) were also evaluated in mature adipocytes that were differentiated from ADMSCs. Transfection of EID1 into ADMSCs reduced triglyceride accumulation while increasing levels of thermogenic proteins, such as PGC1α, TFAM, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), all of which are markers of energy expenditure and mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, increased expression of the beige phenotype markers CITED1 and CD137 was observed. Transfection of aP2-EID1 transfection induced the conversion of mature white adipocytes to beige adipocytes, as evidenced by increased expression of PGC1α, UCP1, TFAM, and CITED1. These results indicate that EID1 can modulate ADMSCs, inducing a brown/beige lineage. EID1 may also activate beiging in white adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous human adipose tissue.
A framework of designing a Packet Filter for Low Cost Network Monitoring

The extensive use of computers and networks for exchange of information has ramifications on the growth and spread of crime through their uses. Law enforcement agencies need to keep up with the emerging trends in these areas for crime detection and prevention. Among the several needs of such agencies is the need to monitor, detect and analyze undesirable network traffic. However, the monitoring, detecting, and analysis of this traffic may be against the goal of maintaining privacy of individuals whose network communications are being monitored. While the majority of network operators rely on low-cost open-source tools based on commodity hardware and operating systems, the increasing link speeds and complexity of network monitoring applications have revealed inefficiencies in the existing software organization, which may prohibit the use of such tools in high-speed networks. Although several new architectures have been proposed to address these problems, they require significant effort in re-engineering the existing body of applications. To serve this purpose, the authors are in process of developing a low cost network-monitoring tool. In this paper the authors present an alternative approach that addresses the primary sources of inefficiency without significantly altering the software structure. The authors propose a framework of designing a packet liter for low cost network monitoring that will be further used as a module of above-mentioned project
Kinematic Control for Navigation of Mobile Parallel Robots Applied to Large Structures

In this article we propose a path planning strategy for a parallel climbing robot. The robot must be capable of displacing along an “a priori” unknown trajectory, i.e. tubes or beams. Firstly we show the characteristics of the proposed robot. Next we briefly review the theoretic tools of parallel platforms, the inverse and forward kinematic needed for the path planning of 6-6 parallel robot. Then a new navigation algorithm for path planning based on the auto-centring of the bases is presented. We also show some simulations of the functioning of the algorithm. Finally, some conclusions and future work is presented.
The natural rate of interest: which concept? which estimation method? which policy conclusions?

The natural rate of interest has become popular again both in academic and monetary policy circles. But which concept are we actually talking about? This paper argues that there are many—theoretical and empirical—uncertainties that limit the application of the natural rate in practical monetary policy. Examples of natural rate of interest estimates for the euro area are compared, as well as monetary policy rules derived from them. The paper concludes with a tentative longer-term perspective on the future outlook for the natural rate in the euro area, touching upon effects from aging, productivity developments, private and public savings, as well as globalization.
An Optimization Based Inverse Kinematics of Redundant Robots Avoiding Obstacles and Singularities

Redundant manipulators are characterized by a high number of degrees of freedom (DOF) than the required number to perform a given task. This additional DOF of the robot enhances it to work in the cluttered environment by avoiding obstacles and provides improved dexterity while performing a given task. Inverse Kinematics (IK) of redundant manipulators has infinite solutions. Among these infinite solutions, only those solutions are preferred which fulfill the criteria such as joint distance minimization, singularity avoidance, and joint torque minimization. This paper focuses on the IK of redundant manipulators for a given path with secondary objectives as performance criteria. The IK problem is formulated as an optimization problem by choosing the joint distance and singularity avoidance as objectives and collision with obstacles in the workspace as constraints. Simulations have been performed on serial redundant manipulators by varying different types of obstacles and their positions in the workspace. Results are also reported on redundancy resolution of serial manipulators based on singularity avoidance criterion.
Hacia una teoría de la empresa basada en el bien común

Las consideraciones habituales sobre la naturaleza de la empresa dependen en gran medida de las explicaciones de Coase, junto con las aportaciones procedentes de la teoría de la agencia y la teoría de los accionistas. A pesar de las exigencias de objetividad y neutralidad, ha sido difícil proporcionar un lugar a un tipo de ética empresarial que reconozca la naturaleza personal del ser humano y la contribución de las empresas al bien común según esas premisas. Este artículo empieza presentando las suposiciones de Coase que están implícitas en la teoría de las agencia y después expone su crítica a la luz de los postulados personalistas y del bien común. Pretende mostrar cómo los principios del personalismo y del bien común crean un marco que no sólo se acomoda mejor a la ética empresarial, sino que también permite una comprensión más convincente de la empresa como un todo.
Was Debt Deflation Operative During the Great Depression?

We demonstrate three facts consistent with the debt deflation/credit view explanation of the Great Depression. First, private medium- and long-term nominal debt during the 1920 s exhibited a combination of a high initial value relative to income and a rapid growth rate that is unparalleled in a consistent data set covering more than half a century. Second, the debt issued during the 1920 s occurred in a stable price regime. Third, near the onset of the Depression, the price process switched to one of deflation. Taken together, the evidence suggests that debt deflation was operative during the Depression. (JEL E31, N22)
Analyzing cacheable Traffic for FTTH Users using Hadoop

We present this year (2015) statistics about cacheable traffic in the access network of Orange in Paris for about 30,000 customers served by a fiber to the home subscription. These statistics update some of the results presented in a recent work, which considered only 2\,000 fiber users in 2014. The huge amount of data to be processed in the new vantage point made necessary the usage of a hadoop cluster that we have used to process the data and report new statistics in the present paper. The aggregation level at which we observe web traffic allows to draw some conclusions about the feasibility of implementing in-network caching at wire speed.
Determinants of Schooling Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Rural Ethiopia

This paper examines the determinants of schooling outcomes - current enrollment status and relative grade attainment - among primary school children in rural Ethiopia. We use repeated cross-sectional data from 15 rural villages in Ethiopia to capture the impact of the changing socioeconomic environment on these outcomes between 1994 and 2004. We find that parental schooling is positively associated with schooling enrollment but its estimated effects declines over time. We observe a similar decline in the estimated impact of father's schooling on relative grade attainment, while the impact of mother's schooling increased during this period. OLS estimates of the impact of household income are biased downwards relative to IV results. Community characteristics are not associated with schooling enrollment. However, the provision of electricity is positively, and distance to primary school negatively, associated with relative grade attainment. These findings suggest that policies that address both supply and demand side constraints have the potential to improve the low levels of schooling attainments found in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
Predictive and knowledge-based telerobotic control concepts

The problems that arise when sensor-controlled robots in space are teleoperated from ground stations are discussed. A supervisory control concept is described that makes it possible to realize shared control between teleoperator and sensor-controlled robot in a variety of configurations. Predictive 3D computer graphics currently seems to be the only way to cope successfully with the problem of transmission-time delays of several seconds. Appropriate estimation schemes in combination with knowledge-based world modeling are outlined, which include models of the delay lines, the robot, moving objects, etc., and which derive the necessary updates from sensory data as they are sent down from the spacecraft to earth (e.g. via real-time stereo vision). The space robot technology experiment Rotex scheduled for the next German Spacelab mission (2D) is taken as a basis for the problem description. <<ETX>>
Home telemonitoring of patients with diabetes: a systematic assessment of observed effects.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes represents a common chronic disease continuously growing worldwide. Unless closely monitored, it can be associated with serious complications and high expenditures. Telemonitoring is a patient management approach increasingly used with chronic illnesses. It supports timely transmission and remote interpretation of patients' data for follow-up and preventive interventions. No comprehensive review exists on all aspects of diabetes 'home telemonitoring' and its effects. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic review of this approach and its effect at the informational, clinical, behavioural, structural and economical levels. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted on Medline and Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles. The keywords used include diabetes, telemonitoring, home monitoring, telecare and telemedicine. RESULTS Seventeen studies using diverse technologies and transmitting different clinical, medical and behavioural data were found. Significant impacts were observed namely at the behavioural, clinical and structural levels. Minimal technical problems and no cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses were reported. CONCLUSION Close management of diabetic patients through telemonitoring showed significant reduction in HbA(1c) and complications, good receptiveness by patients and patient empowerment and education. Yet, the magnitude of its effects remains debatable, especially with the variation in patients' characteristics (e.g. background, ability for self-management, medical condition), samples selection and approach for treatment of control groups. Further investigation of telemonitoring efficacy and cost-effectiveness over longer periods of time, and larger samples is needed. Assessment of the attitude of providers is also important in light of their heavy workload and issues of reimbursement.
Macroeconomic Policies and Long-Term Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Review

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between macroeconomic policies and the long-run rate of growth of GNP. The macroeconomic policies examined include fiscal policies, monetary and interest rate policies, external policies, and policies to reform the goods and labor markets, including adjustments of producer prices and wages. In general, the effects of these policies on growth operate directly or indirectly through their influence on investment in physical and human capital, and on factor productivity. The available empirical evidence confirms the effects of specific macroeconomic and financial policies on long-run growth.