Subjective preference of light colour and LED lighting

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto. fi Author Rajendra Name of the doctoral dissertation Subjective preference of light colour and LED lighting Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 56/2015 Field of research Illumination Engineering and Electrical Building Services Manuscript submitted 16 January 2015 Date of the defence 15 May 2015 Permission to publish granted (date) 2 April 2015 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract The main objective of this work is to investigate the subjective preferences for lighting environments under different LED spectral power distributions (SPDs) and to analyse the different existing colour quality descriptors in order to recommend the best descriptor. An additional aim of the work is to find out the correlated colour temperature (CCT) and illuminance levels that users prefer for LED lighting. The experiments were conducted in lighting booths and in office rooms, where the subjective preferences for different LED light spectra were studied. In the lighting booth experiments, seven different LED SPDs were studied at CCTs of 2700 K, 4000 K and 6500 K at 500 lux. The study showed that the observers preferred the LED SPDs which increased the object chroma and colourfulness values (calculated in CIECAM02-UCS). Also, the preferred LED SPDs had higher values of reference-based metrics (such as colour quality scale (CQS) colour preference scale) and higher values of area-based metrics (such as CQS colour gamut scale or gamut area index (GAI)). The observers preferred the light sources at CCT of 4000 K and 6500 K over the CCT of 2700 K. The work was continued by simulation work and user acceptance studies to find out the simplified LED SPDs that the observers would prefer. The simulation results suggested that it is possible to generate simplified LED SPDs that have CQS Qp and CQS Qg values similar to those of the preferred complex SPDs that were generated by 9 to 11 different types of LEDs. The user acceptance studies conducted in the lighting booths also showed that the simplified LED SPDs using three different types of LEDs were preferred over complex LED SPD. Later, similar simplified LED SPDs were also studied in office rooms, and it was found that the observers preferred simplified LED SPDs over fluorescent lamp. The three different LED SPDs at each CCT of 4000 K and 6500 K were studied in the office room experiments. The observers preferred most the LED SPDs with high CQS Qp and CQS Qg or GAI values and least the LED SPDs that had the lowest CQS Qp and CQS Qg values. Also, the light sources (having high CQS Qp and CQS Qg) with negative Duv values were more preferred over light sources with positive Duv values maintaining the Duv values within the limit of ±0.0054. Moreover, for the office lighting, the observers preferred CCT of 4000 K over CCT of 6500 K at 500 lux. It was also found that the observers preferred the illuminance level of 500 lux over 300 lux. The results of the experiments conducted in the lighting booths to test the performance of different fidelity metrics showed that the CIE CRI, CRI2012 and CQS provide similar predictions for LED light sources that do not enhance the object chroma. It was found that the best prediction of colour fidelity was provided by CQS for LED light sources that enhance object chroma.The main objective of this work is to investigate the subjective preferences for lighting environments under different LED spectral power distributions (SPDs) and to analyse the different existing colour quality descriptors in order to recommend the best descriptor. An additional aim of the work is to find out the correlated colour temperature (CCT) and illuminance levels that users prefer for LED lighting. The experiments were conducted in lighting booths and in office rooms, where the subjective preferences for different LED light spectra were studied. In the lighting booth experiments, seven different LED SPDs were studied at CCTs of 2700 K, 4000 K and 6500 K at 500 lux. The study showed that the observers preferred the LED SPDs which increased the object chroma and colourfulness values (calculated in CIECAM02-UCS). Also, the preferred LED SPDs had higher values of reference-based metrics (such as colour quality scale (CQS) colour preference scale) and higher values of area-based metrics (such as CQS colour gamut scale or gamut area index (GAI)). The observers preferred the light sources at CCT of 4000 K and 6500 K over the CCT of 2700 K. The work was continued by simulation work and user acceptance studies to find out the simplified LED SPDs that the observers would prefer. The simulation results suggested that it is possible to generate simplified LED SPDs that have CQS Qp and CQS Qg values similar to those of the preferred complex SPDs that were generated by 9 to 11 different types of LEDs. The user acceptance studies conducted in the lighting booths also showed that the simplified LED SPDs using three different types of LEDs were preferred over complex LED SPD. Later, similar simplified LED SPDs were also studied in office rooms, and it was found that the observers preferred simplified LED SPDs over fluorescent lamp. The three different LED SPDs at each CCT of 4000 K and 6500 K were studied in the office room experiments. The observers preferred most the LED SPDs with high CQS Qp and CQS Qg or GAI values and least the LED SPDs that had the lowest CQS Qp and CQS Qg values. Also, the light sources (having high CQS Qp and CQS Qg) with negative Duv values were more preferred over light sources with positive Duv values maintaining the Duv values within the limit of ±0.0054. Moreover, for the office lighting, the observers preferred CCT of 4000 K over CCT of 6500 K at 500 lux. It was also found that the observers preferred the illuminance level of 500 lux over 300 lux. The results of the experiments conducted in the lighting booths to test the performance of different fidelity metrics showed that the CIE CRI, CRI2012 and CQS provide similar predictions for LED light sources that do not enhance the object chroma. It was found that the best prediction of colour fidelity was provided by CQS for LED light sources that enhance object chroma.