Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ploidy differences between hormone‐ and chemical carcinogen–induced rat mammary neoplasms: Comparison to invasive human ductal breast cancer *

To ascertain differences between solely hormone– and chemical carcinogen–induced murine mammary gland tumors (MGTs), a direct comparison of their ploidy status was assessed. Nuclear image cytometry (NIC) was used to evaluate ploidy in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and MGTs induced solely by 17β‐estradiol (E2) in female A‐strain Copenhagen Irish hooded gene rats (ACI) and E2 plus testosterone propionate in male Noble rats. These results were compared to ploidy data from primary MGTs induced by two synthetic carcinogens, 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]antracene and nitrosomethylurea in female Brown Lewis Norway rats and an environmental carcinogen, 6‐nitrochrysene, in female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Both DCIS and primary MGTs induced solely by hormones were highly aneuploid (> 84%), whereas MGTs induced by either synthetic or environmental carcinogens were primarily diploid (> 85%). Examination of 76 metaphase plates obtained from eight individual E2‐induced ACI female rat MGTs revealed the following consistent chromosome alterations: gains in chromosomes 7, 11, 12, 13, 19, and 20 and loss of chromosome 12. On Southern blot analysis, six of nine ACI female rat primary E2‐induced MGTs (66%) exhibited amplified copy numbers (range: 3.4–6.9 copies) of the c‐myc gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of these MGTs revealed specific fluorescent hybridization signals for c‐myc (7q33) on all three homologs of a trisomy in chromosome 7. NIC analysis of 140 successive nonfamilial sporadic invasive human ductal breast cancers (BCs) showed an aneuploid frequency of 61%, while 31 DCISs revealed a 71% aneuploid frequency. These results clearly demonstrate that the female ACI rat E2‐induced MGTs more closely resemble invasive human DCIS and ductal BC in two pertinent aspects: they are highly aneuploid compared with chemical carcinogen–induced MGTs and exhibit a high frequency of c‐myc amplification. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving access to psychological therapies: phase IV prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of implementing stepped care evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression in routine practice using a collaborative care implementation model. DESIGN Observational prospective cohort study/Phase IV field trial. METHODS We collected data on depression and anxiety from a prospective cohort of 3,994 consecutive patients referred to the UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies demonstration site in Doncaster for 12 months from August 2006 using PHQ-9 and GAD-7. We collected demographic and process information including the type and methods of treatments received. We calculated effect sizes, remission, and recovery rates for patients competing treatment and those who dropped out or were considered to be unsuitable. RESULTS Two thousand seven hundred and ninety-five patients received an assessment, out of which 2,017 received two or more appointments. Out of these, 869 had completed treatment by the census date, 743 remained in treatment, 319 had dropped out, and 85 had been found to be unsuitable. Pre-post treatment effect sizes for anxiety and depression in those patients completing treatment were 1.39 and 1.41, respectively, with post-treatment relative risks of depression and anxiety 0.29 and 0.34. The combined remission and recovery rates were 76% for depression and 74% for anxiety. The mean number of treatment sessions was 5.15 in a mean time of 2 h and 45 min. On an average, patients received at least three of these contacts by telephone. Outcomes are comparable with benchmarked trials, reviews, and routine datasets. CONCLUSIONS Combining low-intensity stepped care psychological treatment with a telephony-based collaborative care organizational system can deliver good clinical outcomes in routine practice.
Setting Ambient Water Quality Standards: New York State's Nonlinear Approach for Carcinogens

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation promulgates ambient water quality standards to protect sources of potable water from contamination by toxic chemicals and other substances. Ambient water quality standards are a state program with U.S. EPA oversight, including a federal Clean Water Act requirement for “triennial review. ” New York's standards are derived according to procedures in state regulation and in conjunction with the New York State Department of Health. Because standards are set at levels much below those that demonstrate effects in laboratory studies, high-to-low dose extrapolations are required. The procedures address both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects. Existing regulations essentially require a linear high-to-low dose extrapolation for carcinogenic effects of a chemical (i.e., there is a finite risk at all doses above zero dose). The regulations also require a nonlinear high-to-low dose extrapolation for the noncarcinogenic effects (uncertainty factor approach) of the chemical (i.e., once below the threshold for the effect, the risk at all doses above zero is zero). New York's ongoing triennial review is addressing both standards and standard-setting procedures. Proposed revisions to the procedures, yet to be formally adopted, would allow greater flexibility and use of a nonlinear uncertainty-factor-based approach for carcinogenic effects of chemicals where warranted. The presentation will focus on the expected revisions to the procedures for carcinogenic effects.
Regulation of blood volume during training in post-menopausal women.

UNLABELLED In younger people the increase in aerobic capacity following training is related, in part, to blood volume (BV) expansion and the consequent improvements in maximal cardiac output. This training-induced hypervolemia is associated with a decrease in cardiopulmonary baroreflex (CPBR) control of peripheral vascular tone. PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that improvement in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during training in older women is associated with specific central adaptations, such as BV expansion and a reduction in CPBR control of vascular tone. METHODS Seventeen healthy older women were randomized into training (N = 9, 71 +/- 2 yr) and control (N = 8, 73 +/- 3 yr) groups. The training group exercised three to four times per wk for 30 min at 60% peak heart rate for 12 wk and then 40-50 min at 75% peak heart rate for 12 wk. The control group participated in yoga exercises over the same time period. We measured resting BV (Evans blue dye), VO2peak, and the forearm vascular resistance response to unloading low pressure mechanoreceptors during low levels of lower body negative pressure (through -20 mm Hg) before and after aerobic training. The slope of the increase in forearm vascular resistance (response) per unit decrease in central venous pressure (stimulus) was used to assess CPBR responsiveness. RESULTS Aerobic training increased VO2peak 14.2% from 24.2 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 27.7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.05), a smaller improvement than typically seen in younger subjects. Blood volume (59.9 +/- 1.9 and 60.9 +/- 1.9 mL x kg[-1]) and CPBR function (-3.98 +/- 0.92 and -3.46 +/- 0.94 units x mm(-1) Hg) were similar before and after training. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the inability to induce adaptations in CPBR function may limit BV expansion during training in older women. In addition, the absence of these specific adaptations may contribute to the relatively poor improvements in VO2peak in older women during short (10-12 wk) periods of training.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis alters expression of adhesion molecules on monocytic cells

The host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by interactions between mononuclear cells, with recruitment and fusion of these cells culminating in granuloma formation. In addition, the host response to M. tuberculosis requires CD4+ T-cell reactivity, mediated by antigen-independent as well as antigen-dependent mechanisms. Thus, we hypothesized that cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) would participate in the response to infection with M. tuberculosis. Exposure of THP-1 cells derived from a monocyte/macrophage cell line to M. tuberculosis (1:1 bacterium/cell ratio) elicited a sustained increase (660% +/- 49% above resting level) in the expression of ICAM-1 that continued for at least 72 h. Neither the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; CD106) nor that of the integrins lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) or CR3 (CD11b/CD18) was increased to a similar extent at corresponding time points. The increase in ICAM-1 protein expression was accompanied by an increase in steady-state mRNA (Northern [RNA] analysis). Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha but not interleukin 1 alpha or interleukin 1 beta substantially abrogated the response to M. tuberculosis consistent with a paracrine or autocrine response. Continuous upregulation of the expression of ICAM-1 on mononuclear phagocytes induced by M. tuberculosis may mediate the recruitment of monocytes and enhance the antigen presentation of M. tuberculosis, thus permitting the generation and maintenance of the host response.
An Arbitrage-Free Yield Net Model with Application to the Euro Debt Crisis

We develop a parsimonious arbitrage-free yield net model for consistent bond pricing across maturities and issuers. Containing a core curve and multiple periphery curves, the yield net is spanned by three layers of factors: base factors spanning all curves, common spread factors spanning all periphery yield spreads, and specific factors each spanning yield spreads of a periphery issuer. Under the arbitrage-free assumption, we prove a parsimonious solution to the risk-neutral process that guarantees strong identification on the latent risk factors and parameters. We apply the model to Treasury yields of Germany and GIIPS countries from 2009 to 2016. The model fits data remarkably well and disentangles the common credit risk, market liquidity risk, and country-specific risks. The results demonstrate that relative risk pricing determines signs and magnitudes of the "flight to liquidity" effect and spillover effects among bonds of different issuers.
New Essentials of Economic Theory I. Assumptions, Economic Space and Variables

This paper develops economic theory framework free from general equilibrium assumptions. We describe macroeconomics as system of economic agents under action of n risks. Economic and financial variables of agents, their expectations and transactions between agents define macroeconomic variables. Agents variables depend on transactions between agents and transactions are performed under agents expectations. Agents expectations are formed by economic variables, transactions, expectations of other agents, other factors that impact macroeconomic evolution. We use risk ratings of agents as their coordinates on economic space and approximate description of economic and financial variables, transactions and expectations of numerous separate agents by description of variables, transactions and expectations as density functions on economic space. We describe evolution of macroeconomic density functions of variables, transactions and expectations and their flows induced by motion of separate agents on economic space due to change of agents risk rating. We apply our model to description of business cycles, present models of wave propagation for disturbances of economic variables and transactions, model asset price fluctuations and argue hidden complexities of classical Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing.
Optimal multiuser downlink cooperative beamforming in cognitive radio networks with SINR and power constraints

In this paper, optimal multiuser downlink cooperative beamforming in spectrum underlay based cognitive radio network is considered with target SINR and sum power constraints. In existing works, transmit beamforming vectors for maximum number of admitted secondary users are designed with fixed target SINR and sum power constraints. However, this joint optimization problem becomes infeasible as some users may absorb more power to meet the target SINR. Hence, the objective of this paper is to design optimal multiuser downlink beamforming vectors for primary and secondary base stations in a cooperative manner satisfying the practical bounded SINR. This objective is formulated as convex optimization problem and it is solved using second order cone programming method. The performance of the cognitive radio network is analyzed with the practical constraints.
Design for emotion detection of punjabi text using hybrid approach

In the era of autonomous technology, Emotion detection is a growing research area to develop an autonomous system for the detection of human emotions. There is the existence of various kinds of media on internet for articulation of human emotions like speech, images, face expressions, text etc. One of the ubiquitous sources of communication on internet is in the form of textual reviews, comments and other informational data. This textual data can be present in any of the language. The presence of data on internet is mainly in English language that lacks the other regional languages like Punjabi, Bengali, Telugu etc. In this paper, we are considering Punjabi language based textual data for emotion detection using hybrid concept of Keyword Based Approach and Machine Learning Approach. For keyword based approach, we have considered Rule Based Engine which detect whether the emotion is present in the input dataset or not. For machine learning approach, we considered Support Vector Machine (SVM) & Naive Bayes (NB) as classifier to detect the Ekman's six types of basic emotions (happy, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise). For this experimentation, Punjabi textual dataset HC Corpora is used which consists of online Punjabi websites, Punjabi newspaper news, blogs etc. The proposed concept is implemented in python and dataset files are considered as the Unicode format.
Intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity and coronary risk factors.

Relationships between coronary risk factors and intensity, duration, and frequency of leisure activity were studied in 5943 men and 6039 women, ages 25-69. Age, smoking, socioeconomics, season, body mass index (BMI), urbanization, occupational activity, and liquid, alcohol, and saturated/total fat intake were adjusted using multivariate regressions. Among men each 100 kcal.kg-1.wk-1 spent on vigorous activities (7.5-9.0 MET) was associated with: significant (P < 0.01) average differences of -0.36 mmol.L-1 total cholesterol, +0.17 mmol.L-1 HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), +0.05 HDL/total cholesterol (P < 0.001), -0.33 mmol.L-1 triglycerides, -3 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure, -10 beats.min-1 heart rate (P < 0.001), +30 L.min-1 peak flow, and -1.1 kg.m-2 BMI. Among women it was associated with: -7 mm Hg systolic blood pressure, -6 beats.min-1 heart rate (P < 0.001), +50 L.min-1 peak flow (P < 0.001), and -1.4 kg.m-2 BMI (P < 0.05). Moderate activity (either 3.0-4.5 MET or 5.0-7.0 MET) was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with HDL cholesterol, BMI, and, for men, heart rate; for women, it was associated with HDL/total cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, and peak flow. With duration and intensity constant, increasing frequency by one time per wk was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with -0.014 mmol.L-1 total cholesterol, +0.001 HDL/total cholesterol, -0.36 beats.min-1 heart rate, -0.093 kg.m-2 BMI among men, and +0.009 mmol.L-1 HDL cholesterol, +0.001 HDL/total cholesterol, -0.014 mmol.L-1 triglycerides, -0.31 beats.min-1 heart rate, and -0.098 kg.m-2 BMI among women. Serum lipids and BMI showed stronger associations with frequency than with intensity or duration.
The mother superior mutation ablates foxd3 activity in neural crest progenitor cells and depletes neural crest derivatives in zebrafish

The zebrafish mutation mother superior (mosm188) leads to a depletion of neural crest (NC) derivatives including the craniofacial cartilage skeleton, the peripheral nervous system (sympathetic neurons, dorsal root ganglia, enteric neurons), and pigment cells. The loss of derivatives is preceded by a reduction in NC‐expressed transcription factors, snail1b, sox9b, sox10, and a specific loss of foxd3 expression in NC progenitor cells. We employed genetic linkage analysis and physical mapping to place the mosm188 mutation on zebrafish chromosome 6 in the vicinity of the foxd3 gene. Furthermore, we found that mosm188 does not complement the sym1/foxd3 mutation, indicating that mosm188 resides within the foxd3 locus. Injection of PAC clones containing the foxd3 gene into mosm188 embryos restored foxd3 expression in NC progenitors and suppressed the mosm188 phenotype. However, sequencing the foxd3 transcribed area in mosm188 embryos did not reveal nucleotide changes segregating with the mosm188 phenotype, implying that the mutation most likely resides outside the foxd3‐coding region. Based on these findings, we propose that the mosm188 mutation perturbs a NC‐specific foxd3 regulatory element. Further analysis of mosm188 mutants and foxd3 morphants revealed that NC cells are initially formed, suggesting that foxd3 function is required to maintain the pool of NC progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 235:3199–3212, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of state variable control of UPFC device in multi-machine power system

An analysis of state variable control of UPFC device in multi-machine power system is presented. In order to determinate the influence of individual state variables on UPFC control efficiency the linear system model has been used. The performed analysis has been focused on damping of electromechanical oscillations. A few cases of UPFC control function modes have been analysed. For each case a detailed analysis of variable states has been performed using the LQR method. The paper presents a summary of analysis carried out on a three-machine power system.
Strength of prefrontal activation predicts intensity of suggestion‐induced pain

Suggestion, a powerful factor in everyday social interaction, is most effective during hypnosis. Subjective evaluations and brain‐imaging findings converge to propose that hypnotic suggestion strongly modulates sensory processing. To reveal the brain regions that mediate such a modulation, we analyzed data from a functional‐magnetic‐resonance‐imaging study on hypnotic‐suggestion‐induced pain on 14 suggestible subjects. Activation strengths in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during initiation of suggestion for pain correlated positively with the subjective intensity of the subsequent suggestion‐induced pain, as well as with the strengths of the maximum pain‐related activation in the in the secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex. Furthermore, activation of the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex predicted the pain‐related SII activation. The right DLPFC, as an area important for executive functions, likely contributes to functional modulation in the modality‐specific target areas of given suggestions. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of an alternative tuberculosis management strategy for permanent farm dwellers in South Africa amidst health service contraction

Aim: To establish the cost-effectiveness of lay health workers (LHWs) in conjunction with the current, local tuberculosis (TB) control programme, amidst health service contraction. Method: A cost-effectiveness analysis, comparing direct time costs of the current TB management strategy among permanent farm dwellers, with an intervention, whereby LHWs are involved in TB control activities on farms. Measure of effectiveness was case finding and cure rates of adult new smear-positive (NSP) TB cases, alongside a randomized control trial (RCT): Results: The observed cost reduction to the Boland Health District was 74% per case detected and cured on the intervention farms relative to the control farms. Intervention farms reached 83% successful treatment completion rate, control farms 65%. Although the successful treatment adherence was significantly different (18% letter). The improved case detection and cure rates were not statistically significant (chisquared test). Direct LHW costs are borne by farmers. Farmers were motivated to bear costs by reduced job absenteeism and other positive side-effects. Even without outcome improvements costs per case cured were 59% lower on the intervention farms. Conclusion: TB control has suffered from budget reductions in South Africa. It is critically important to develop cost-effective strategies to reduce the TB burden. Costs to public budgets can be substantially reduced while maintaining or improving case detection and treatment outcomes, by using farm-based LHWs.
Association between parent and child weight status among private school children in Delhi, India

Over the past three decades there has been a surge in the prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide in both adults and children. To date few studies have examined obesity in India and most have only looked at prevalence estimates. While studies in Western countries have identified parent weight status as a predictor of child weight status, there have been no studies examining this association in India. This study examined the relationship between parent weight status and child weight status using an internationally representative growth reference for children and Asian-specific action points for adults. Overall, this study found 29.6% of children and 77.7% of parents in a sample of private schools in Delhi, India were overweight/obese. Parent weight status was found to be associated with child weight status after controlling for child grade and sex. However, while maternal weight status was associated with child weight status (odds ratio=1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.20), paternal weight status was not (odds ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.48). The association was greatest between mothers and sons (odds ratio=2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–3.27). These results provide initial evidence that parent weight status is associated with child weight status in Delhi, India. Future research should continue to explore the relationship between parent, particularly maternal, and child weight status to better understand the nature of the relationship and the differences between male and female children. Interventions to address child overweight and obesity in India should include parents as direct targets.
Addressing the performance of two software reliability modeling methods

The problem of predicting the number of failures of a piece of software during the system test phase is addressed. Using software reliability growth models at different periods of usage of the software, predictions are made of the total number of failures one would expect at the end of the system test. Two different methods for using the models are considered: straightforward use of individual models (simple models), and dynamic selection among models based on the quality-of-prediction criteria (super models). Performance is judged by the average of the relative error of the predicted number of failures by the end of the testing period relative to the number of failures eventually observed during the interval. Three simple models and three super models are evaluated based on their performance on forty one data sets. The two methods are also investigated using smoothing techniques utilizing the Laplace trend test.