Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence Balance and the Gaussian Multiaccess Channel with Feedback

Dependence balance bounds of Hekstra and Willems are generalized and refined. The new bounds are applied to the K-user multiaccess channel (MAC) with output feedback, and they are shown to establish the feedback sum-rate capacity for the Gaussian MAC when all users have the same per-symbol power constraints. The sum-rate capacity is achieved by Fourier modulated estimate correction. The feedback sum-rate capacity is shown to improve the no-feedback capacity by only log log K nats per use for large K. The new bounds also improve on cut-set bounds for asymmetric powers and rates.
A Vision-based 3D Hand Interaction for Marker-based AR

The hand interaction between a virtual object and human on Augmented Reality is a major issue to manipulate a rendered object in a convenient way. Conventional 2D image-based recognition and interaction technique in AR has a limitation to perform a natural interaction between the user and the virtual object. In this paper, we present a natural 3D hand interaction with the augmented object by the use of stereo-vision technique. The proposed 3D hand interaction technique can obtain 3D hand position and finger direction while hand is approaching to the virtual object. 3D hand interaction can manipulate the virtual object in a feasible fashion. In addition, it can provide various interactions by detecting the collision between the 3D hand and the virtual 3D object on AR.
Unprecedented East Asian warming in spring 2018 linked to the North Atlantic tripole SST mode

ABSTRACT An unusually warm East Asia in spring 2018, when exceptionally high surface air temperatures were recorded in large areas of Asia, such as northern China, southern China, and Japan, was investigated based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The East Asian warming anomalies were primarily attributed to a tripole mode of North Atlantic SST anomalies, which could have triggered anomalous Rossby wave trains over the North Atlantic and Eurasia through modulating the North Atlantic baroclinic instability. Atlantic-forced Rossby waves tend to propagate eastward and induce anomalously high pressure and anticyclonic activity over East Asia, leading to a northward displacement of the Pacific subtropical high. As a result, descending motion, reduced precipitation, and increased surface solar radiation due to less cloud cover appear over East Asia, accompanied by remarkably warm advection from the ocean to southern China, northern China, and Japan. The transportation of anomalously warm advection and the feedbacks between soil moisture and surface temperature were both favorable for the record-breaking warmth in East Asia during spring 2018. The seasonal ‘memory’ of the North Atlantic tripole SST mode from the previous winter to the following spring may provide useful implications for the seasonal prediction of East Asian weather and climate. Graphical Abstract
A Boltzmann theory based dynamic agglomerative hierarchical clustering

In this study, a novel dynamic agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm which combines Boltzmann theory of thermodynamics and a graph-theoretic representation of data objects is put forward for data with non-sphere shape clusters. The new algorithm employs neighbors searching operator and vertices spanning operator to construct the linkage paths between vertices. Additionally, in order to obtain the ideal clusters the temperature coefficient is used to completely adjust the linkage paths between vertices. Experimental results on nine benchmark synthetic datasets with different manifold structure demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm as a clustering technique. Compared with the K-means algorithm, a genetic algorithm-based clustering algorithm (GAC) and minimum spanning tree clustering algorithm (MST) for clustering task, the presented algorithm has the ability to identify the number and location of the clusters jointly and its clustering performance is clearly better than that of the aforementioned algorithms for complex manifold structures dataset.
A survey of classical simulation methods for quantum computation

Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to Harry Buhrman for giving me the opportunity to work in his group in CWI and for his various valuable advice during this project. I am very grateful to Ronald de Wolf for many enjoyable and sometimes frustrating discussions. For continuously correcting my English skills, I also would like to thank Ronald very much. I am grateful to Richard Jozsa for his very useful and friendly discussions during and after the conference 'Computational Complexity of Quantum Hamiltonian Systems' in Leiden. For advice, and interesting, often funny discussions I would like to thank thanks to Jop Briët for proofreading this thesis. These INS4-ers made my time here such an enjoyable time. Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. Huy Trung Phan for recommending me to UvA. I also would like to thank Peter de Goeje, Niels Molenaar, Linh Ngoc Ngo and Pieter Hammingh for helping me out with many things since I came to Amsterdam. For useful advice, and various funny parties and chats, I would like to thank 'chi' and especially Thanh and Duc for being my great roommates. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family and my girlfriend for being who they are. 1 Vietnamese ways to call your dear female/male friends, who are older than you.
Triangulating multiply‐connected polygons: A simple, yet efficient algorithm.

We present a new, simple, yet efficient algorithm for triangulating multiply‐connected polygons. The algorithm requires sorting only local concave minima (sags). The order in which triangles are created mimics a flooding process of the interior of the polygon. At each stage, the algorithm analyses the positions and neighborhoods of two vertices only, and possibly checks for active sags, so as to determine which of five possible actions to take. Actions are based on a local decomposition of the polygon into monotonic regions, or gorges (raise the water level in the current gorge, spill into an adjacent gorge, jump to the other bank of a filled gorge, divide a gorge into two, and fill a gorge to its top). The implementation is extremely simple and numerically robust for a large class of polygons. It has been tested on millions of cases as a preprocessing step of a walkthrough and inspection program for complex mechanical and architectural scenes. Extensive experimental results indicate that the observed complexity in terms of the number of vertices, remains under in all cases.
Scene structure recovery from a single omnidirectional image

This work tackles the problem of recovering the structure of a scene from a single image. The goal is to interpret automatically the image to obtain the spatial layout of the scene. In essence, the method proposed classifies the environment as floor or walls and their relative positions. Instead of using standard cameras for solving this particular task, our work is novel in using omnidirectional vision, which is advantageous as it captures in a single image the whole surrounding structure. We also consider man-made indoor scenes, where geometric relationships like parallelism and orthogonality are common. Our contribution is a new method for recovering the scene layout by using extracted line segments from a single omnidirectional image. Collection of lines and geometric constraints provide sufficient information to generate a set of possible scene structures. We also create a map of orientations in the image to test these hypotheses and select the one with the best fitting as the resultant structure.
Dense 3 D Mapping with Monocular Vision : Bridging the Gap Between Robotics and Computer Vision

Currently, the vast majority of autonomous mapping in robotics relies on direct measurements from costly devices such as sonar, infrared, and laser range finders. Adapting established methodologies from the structure−from−motion (SFM) subfield of computer vision to data commonly available in robotics, we have created a unique toolkit, able to render visually dense 3d maps from odometrically annotated monocular vision. Though computationally intensive, monocular vision provides a low−cost, yet highly capable alternative to currently popular mapping sensors. Future research on application of our work for navigational uses hopes to create inexpensive monocular robotic systems capable of autonomous navigation.
Big-bang nucleosynthesis and the baryon density of the universe

For almost 30 years, the predictions of big-bang nucleosynthesis have been used to test the big-bang model to within a fraction of a second of the bang. The agreement between the predicted and observed abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 confirms the standard cosmology model and allows accurate determination of the baryon density, between 1.7 x 10(-31) and 4.1 x 10(-31) grams per cubic centimeter (corresponding to about 1 to 15 percent of the critical density). This measurement of the density of ordinary matter is pivotal to the establishment of two dark-matter problems: (i) most of the baryons are dark, and (ii) if the total mass density is greater than about 15 percent of the critical density, as many determinations indicate, the bulk of the dark matter must be "non-baryonic," composed of elementary particles left from the earliest moments.
A simple corner orientation detector

This paper describes a new simple and fast method, elaborated and tested by authors, for corner orientation detection. The conventional L-, T-, Y- and X- corner or junctions are important dominant features belonging to object patterns in digital images. A small set of locally defined parameters: position, orientation, scale, phase and curvature can characterize these elementary structures. "Orientation" in 2D plan of corners is a strong feature. It was successfully utilized for pattern recognition in 2D images. They provide significant information regarding objects under translation, rotation and scale change. However, when compared to the number of corner detection methods for junction location, a a limited number of solution allow for determining spatial orientation. Our proposed method, described in this paper, is simple, practical and efficient. The accuracy of the corner detector algorithm was tested with synthetic and natural images. Similar to other known methods, the elaborated algorithm may be useful to image pre-processing, object recognition applications and vision systems, particularly for scenes that contain polygonal objects.
Brugia malayi Microfilariae Induce a Regulatory Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype That Suppresses Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Background Monocytes and macrophages contribute to the dysfunction of immune responses in human filariasis. During patent infection monocytes encounter microfilariae in the blood, an event that occurs in asymptomatically infected filariasis patients that are immunologically hyporeactive. Aim To determine whether blood microfilariae directly act on blood monocytes and in vitro generated macrophages to induce a regulatory phenotype that interferes with innate and adaptive responses. Methodology and principal findings Monocytes and in vitro generated macrophages from filaria non-endemic normal donors were stimulated in vitro with Brugia malayi microfilarial (Mf) lysate. We could show that monocytes stimulated with Mf lysate develop a defined regulatory phenotype, characterised by expression of the immunoregulatory markers IL-10 and PD-L1. Significantly, this regulatory phenotype was recapitulated in monocytes from Wuchereria bancrofti asymptomatically infected patients but not patients with pathology or endemic normals. Monocytes from non-endemic donors stimulated with Mf lysate directly inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10). IFN-γ responses were restored by neutralising IL-10 or PD-1. Furthermore, macrophages stimulated with Mf lysate expressed high levels of IL-10 and had suppressed phagocytic abilities. Finally Mf lysate applied during the differentiation of macrophages in vitro interfered with macrophage abilities to respond to subsequent LPS stimulation in a selective manner. Conclusions and significance Conclusively, our study demonstrates that Mf lysate stimulation of monocytes from healthy donors in vitro induces a regulatory phenotype, characterized by expression of PD-L1 and IL-10. This phenotype is directly reflected in monocytes from filarial patients with asymptomatic infection but not patients with pathology or endemic normals. We suggest that suppression of T cell functions typically seen in lymphatic filariasis is caused by microfilaria-modulated monocytes in an IL-10-dependent manner. Together with suppression of macrophage innate responses, this may contribute to the overall down-regulation of immune responses observed in asymptomatically infected patients.
Low-complexity linear precoding for downlink large-scale MIMO systems

In this work, we present a low-complexity linear precoding scheme for downlink large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed scheme can achieve near minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoding performance in terms of the sum rate and is based on a matrix polynomial instead of matrix inversion. Simulation results show that matrix polynomials consisting of only a few terms are sufficient to closely approach the sum rate of the classical MMSE precoder and to perform orders of magnitude better than the simple conjugate beamforming (BF) precoder. We derive exact expressions for the computational complexity of the proposed scheme in terms of the number of additions and multiplications and compare it to the complexity of the BF and MMSE precoders. Our complexity analysis shows that for large number of base station antennas N compared to the number of generated transmit symbols τ per channel estimate and large number of users K, the proposed polynomial precoder has a lower complexity than the classical MMSE precoder.
Pedagogical Application of Corpus on EFL of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): The Function of Visualization on Attention Deficit Problem

Statistics reveals that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) becomes prevalent in recent years. Among 68 children, 1 is reported as being on the spectrum. Children with ASD often encounter a variety of challenges in their academic life, most of which are supposed to be attributed to the core symptoms of ASD. This study attempts to explore the effects of the pedagogical application of corpus on children with ASD by analyzing the visualization function of corpus tools on children with ASD. This research involves 30 children (aged 8–10) who have been diagnosed as being with ASD on the mild side. They have spontaneous utterances in their L1 and most of which are of pragmatic functions. Compared with the normally developed peers, these 30 children have shown difficulties in learning a foreign language. This article assesses the visualizing function of the pedagogical application of corpus on helping them overcome the difficulties: they can be seated longer during the class; they pay more attention to the instructor and peers; and they respond more frequently to the instructor and peers. Hopefully, this article can provide some constructive suggestions for foreign language teaching and learning for children with ASD.
Systems thinking of pre- and in-service science and engineering teachers

ABSTRACT Systems thinking is an important skill in science and engineering education. Our study objectives were (1) to create the basis for a systems thinking language common to both science education and engineering education, and (2) to apply this language to assess science and engineering teachers’ systems thinking. We administered two assignments to teacher teams: first, modelling the same adapted scientific text, and second, modelling a synthesis of peer-reviewed articles in science and engineering education, with teams selecting a topic from a list and summarising them. We assessed those models using a rubric for systems thinking we had developed based on our literature review of this topic. We found high interrater reliability and validated the rubric’s theoretical construct for the system aspects of function, structure and behaviour. We found differences in scores between the assignments in favour of the second assignment, for two attributes of systems thinking: ‘expected outcome/intended purpose’ and ‘main object and its sub-objects’. We explain the first attribute difference as stemming from the modellers’ domain expertise as science or engineering teachers, rather than as scientists or engineers, and the second attribute difference – from the larger amount of information available for modelling the articles synthesis assignment. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in the definition of the systems thinking construct as a first step in establishing a common language for the science education and engineering education communities. The study's methodological contribution lies in the rubric we developed and validated, which can be used for assessing the systems thinking of teachers and potentially also of undergraduate students.
AN AUTOMATIC METHOD OR STATEMENT LEVEL PLAGIARISM DETECTION IN SOURCE CODE USING ABSTRACT SYNTAX TREE

2 ABSTRACT: Plagiarism detection plays an important role in software security protection and license issues. Source- code plagiarism detection method can be classified as string-based, token-based, parse-tree-based and program- dependency-based. All of these approaches have certain limitations and can not meet the requirements when the source code is large and may produce false positives. But, parse-tree based detection improves the detection ability and efficiency. This paper describes method based source code detection, which detect the simple plagiarized code like exact match, near exact match and longest common sequence. And also proposes the agent based detection which will perform the detection automatically. Automatic plagiarism detection will be helpful for code clone detection in software industry. Keyword: abstract syntax tree, plagiarism detection, source code plagiarism detection, parse tree, code clone.
How declining aerosols and rising greenhouse gases forced rapid warming in Europe since the 1980s

Mainland Europe's temperature rise of about 1°C since the 1980s is considerably larger than expected from anthropogenic greenhouse warming. Here we analyse shortwave and longwave surface forcings measured in Switzerland and Northern Germany and relate them to humidity‐ and temperature increases through the radiation‐ and energy budget. Shortwave climate forcing from direct aerosol effects is found to be much larger than indirect aerosol cloud forcing, and the total shortwave forcing, that is related to the observed 60% aerosol decline, is two to three times larger than the longwave forcing from rising anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Almost tree quarters of all the shortwave and longwave forcing energy goes into the turbulent fluxes, which increases atmospheric humidity and hence the longwave forcing by water vapour feedback. With anthropogenic aerosols now reaching low and stable values in Europe, solar forcing will subside and future temperature will mainly rise due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming.
Fast Hardware/software Co-simulation For Virtual Prototyping And Trade-off Analysis

Hardware/software co-simulation is generally performed withseparate simulation models.This makes trade-off evaluationdifficult, because the models must be re-compiled wheneversome architectural choice is changed.We propose a techniqueto simulate hardware and software that is almost cycle-accurate,and uses the same model for both types of components.Only the timing information used for synchronizationneeds to be changed to modify the processor choice, the implementationchoice, or the scheduling policy.We show howthis technique can be used to decide the implementation of areal-life example, a car dashboard controller.
Developing a Framework for the Automatic Generation andVisualisation Of 3D Urban Areas on Mobile Devices

Rapid procedural 3D urban modelling has been a constant research issue for a number of years now. We present a complete procedural 3D modelling solution for mobile device usage of the content, called Virtual City Maker, based on scripting algorithms allowing for both the automatic and also semi-automatic creation of photorealistic quality virtual urban content. The content produced can be specially optimized for use with mobile devices but also with navigational tasks in mind. Moreover, a user-centred mobile virtual reality (VR) visualisation and interaction tool operating on PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) for pedestrian navigation is also discussed supporting the import and display of various navigational file formats equipped with a comprehensive front-end user-friendly graphical user interface providing immersive virtual 3D navigation to a wide range of users.
Function-based, biologically inspired concept generation

Abstract The natural world provides numerous cases for inspiration in engineering design. Biological organisms, phenomena, and strategies, which we refer to as biological systems, provide a rich set of analogies. These systems provide insight into sustainable and adaptable design and offer engineers billions of years of valuable experience, which can be used to inspire engineering innovation. This research presents a general method for functionally representing biological systems through systematic design techniques, leading to the conceptualization of biologically inspired engineering designs. Functional representation and abstraction techniques are used to translate biological systems into an engineering context. The goal is to make the biological information accessible to engineering designers who possess varying levels of biological knowledge but have a common understanding of engineering design. Creative or novel engineering designs may then be discovered through connections made between biology and engineering. To assist with making connections between the two domains concept generation techniques that use biological information, engineering knowledge, and automatic concept generation software are employed. Two concept generation approaches are presented that use a biological model to discover corresponding engineering components that mimic the biological system and use a repository of engineering and biological information to discover which biological components inspire functional solutions to fulfill engineering requirements. Discussion includes general guidelines for modeling biological systems at varying levels of fidelity, advantages, limitations, and applications of this research. The modeling methodology and the first approach for concept generation are illustrated by a continuous example of lichen.
Learning Inter-Related Statistical Query Translation Models for English-Chinese Bi-Directional CLIR

To support more precise query translation for English-Chinese Bi-Directional Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), we have developed a novel framework by integrating a semantic network to characterize the correlations between multiple inter-related text terms of interest and learn their inter-related statistical query translation models. First, a semantic network is automatically generated from large-scale English-Chinese bilingual parallel corpora to characterize the correlations between a large number of text terms of interest. Second, the semantic network is exploited to learn the statistical query translation models for such text terms of interest. Finally, these inter-related query translation models are used to translate the queries more precisely and achieve more effective CLIR. Our experiments on a large number of official public data have obtained very positive results.