Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting the automatic construction of entity aware search engines

Several web sites deliver a large number of pages, each publishing data about one instance of some real world entity, such as an athlete, a stock quote, a book. Although it is easy for a human reader to recognize these instances, current search engines are unaware of them. Technologies for the Semantic Web aim at achieving this goal; however, so far they have been of little help in this respect, as semantic publishing is very limited. We have developed a method to automatically search on the web for pages that publish data representing an instance of a certain conceptual entity. Our method takes as input a small set of sample pages: it automatically infers a description of the underlying conceptual entity and then searches the web for other pages containing data representing the same entity. We have implemented our method in a system prototype, which has been used to conduct several experiments that have produced interesting results.
Research on Auto-adaptive Traffic-Aware Abnormal Detection Method

Abnormal traffic detection is important to network management. This paper aims at the characteristic of multi-hop network, and defines abnormity that traffic-burst after failure. Then the paper presents a fast auto-adaptive traffic-aware abnormal detection method. This method compresses data via efficient histogram, and detects double-size bursts via congregate function. We analyze the status of links and node via being aware traffic and we can get status of network fast and accurately. The paper does experiment to validate the validity and advance in performance of this method which compares with other burst detection methods.
Automatic layout design for power module

The layout of power modules is one of the key points in power module design, especially for high power densities, where couplings are increased. In this paper, along with the design example, automatic design processes by using a genetic algorithm are presented. Some practical considerations and implementations are introduced in the optimization of module layout design.
Controlling of Back to Back Converter for Load Sharing in Microgrid and Utility Grid

This paper proposes a method to share a load of utility grid or micro grid using back to back converter. A micro grid which is having distributed generation like photovoltaic power generators, wind power generation, distributed generation using bagaaas as fuel which is wastage material sugar mills. The current availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 500 millions metric tones per year. Studies sponsored by the Ministry has estimated surplus biomass availability at about 120 - 150 million metric tones per annum covering agricultural and forestry residues corresponding to a potential of about 18,000 MW. This apart, about 5000 MW additional power could be generated through bagasse based cogeneration in the country's 550 Sugar mills, if these sugar mills were to adopt technically and economically optimal levels of cogeneration for extracting power from the bagasse produced by them. This extra distribution generation can be shared with utility grid using back to back converter. The back to back converter also provides frequency isolation between utility grid and micro grid.
Misspecification in infinite-dimensional Bayesian statistics

We consider the asymptotic behavior of posterior distributions if the model is misspecified. Given a prior distribution and a random sample from a distribution P 0 , which may not be in the support of the prior, we show that the posterior concentrates its mass near the points in the support of the prior that minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence with respect to P 0 . An entropy condition and a prior-mass condition determine the rate of convergence. The method is applied to several examples, with special interest for infinite-dimensional models. These include Gaussian mixtures, nonparametric regression and parametric models.
Polycations increase the permeability of Mycobacterium vaccae cell envelopes to hydrophobic compounds.

Polycations [protamine, polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)] have been shown to increase the cell wall permeability of Mycobacterium vaccae to highly hydrophobic compounds, as manifested in enhanced intracellular bioconversion of beta-sitosterol to 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD) and 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD), and cell sensitization to erythromycin and rifampicin. The quantity of AD(D) formed per biomass unit was twice as high in the presence of PMBN and PEI, and three times higher with protamine. The sensitization factor, i.e. the MIC(50) ratio of the control bacteria to those exposed to polycations, ranged from 4 to 16, depending on the polycation/antibiotic combination. Non-covalently bound free lipids were extracted from the control and polycation-treated cells and fractionated with the use of chloroform, acetone and methanol. Chloroform- and acetone-eluted fractions (mainly neutral lipids and glycolipids, respectively) showed significant polycation-induced alterations in their quantitative and qualitative composition. The fatty acid profile of neutral lipids was reduced in comparison to control, whereas acetone-derived lipids were characterized by a much higher level of octadecenoic acid (C(18:1)) and a considerably lower content of docosanoic acid (C(22:0)), the marker compound of mycolate-containing glycolipids. Methanol-eluted fractions remained unaltered. Cell-wall-linked mycolates obtained from delipidated cells were apparently unaffected by the action of polycations, as judged from the TLC pattern of mycolic acid subclasses, the mean weight of mycolate preparations and the C(22:0) acid content in the mycolates, determined by GC/MS and pyrolysis GC. The results suggest the involvement of the components of non-covalently bound lipids in the outer layer in the M. vaccae permeability barrier.
The political choice and collapse of fixed exchange rates

Evidence suggests there is a strong tendency among states to choose fixed exchange rates. Yet he interpretation of fixed exchange rates as a monetary policy rule remains unconvincing. Adopting an endogenous policy perspective, this paper argues that political-support maximizing governments choose fixed exchange rates to benefit domestic interest groups. Exogenous shocks, however, may change domestic political equilibria, causing the collapse of international arrangements and the switch to flexible exchange rates. Institutional pecularities make monetary unification a special case in this cycle.
AnalyticalVarianceand Definitionof a ReferenceChangeas a Functionof CalciumConcentration

Using data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Proficiency Testing (PT) Surveys,we obtained estimatesof repeatability (intralaboratory variability between results on the same material) and reproducibility(interlaboratory variability between resultson the same material)for the Technicon SMA 6 (or 12/60) and sp.tecI (or ii) systems used with cresolphthalein complexonemethodologyto measureserum calcium. The twosystemswere comparable intermsof shortterm (within-day) repeatability, long-term (three to six months) repeatability, short-term (one to two weeks) reproducibility, and long-term (three tosixmonths)reproducibility. The long-termrepeatabilitywas essentiallythe same as the long-termreproducibility.Short-termrepeatability,long-term repeatability, and long-term reproducibility increased lineatly with increasedcalciumconcentrationover the range 1.75 to 2.95 mmol/L; short-termreproducibilityshowednosignificant change over this range. The effectof analyticalvarianceon the definitionof a reference change in semiannualcalcium measurementswas demonstrated.
Embedding Senses for Efficient Graph-based Word Sense Disambiguation

We propose a simple graph-based method for word sense disambiguation (WSD) where sense and context embeddings are constructed by applying the Skip-gram method to random walks over the sense graph. We used this method to build a WSD system for Swedish using the SALDO lexicon, and evaluated it on six different annotated test sets. In all cases, our system was several orders of magnitude faster than a state-of-the-art PageRank-based system, while outperforming a random baseline soundly.
Effect of Parallel TCP Stream Equalizer on Real Long Fat-pipe Network

With the rapid progress of high-performance cluster applications, data transfer between clusters in distant locations becomes more important. But, it is difficult to transfer data using parallel TCP streams on long distance high bandwidth network. In this paper, we microscopically observe parallel TCP streams on 10 Gbps network using our network analyzer, propose, implement, and evaluate "Stream Equalizer'' which relaxes self-congestion and balances throughput among streams.We evaluate it using a real wide-area network over the Pacific Ocean.The network analyzer and the Stream Equalizer are implemented on FPGA-based programmable high-speed network testbed TGNLE-1.
An efficient, IP based Solution to the 'Logical Timestamp Wrapping' Problem

The order of events occurring at different nodes of a network can be critical in distributed systems [2]. As the synchronization of physical clocks with an acceptable accuracy is often infeasible in large networks, Lamport [5] introduced logical timestamps for message based systems. A prerequisite for ordering events is the encapsulation of timestamps into every sent message (i.e. timestamp wrapping). We present an implementation which integrates a logical timestamp into IP packets without increasing the packet size. The difficulties of maintaining a consistent view between communication partners and a solution for this problem in case of lost, delayed or duplicated packets is pre-
EXISTENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDITIONAL DENSITY PROJECTIONS

In this paper we propose primitive conditions under which a projection of a conditional density onto a set defined by conditional moment restrictions exists and is unique. Moreover, we provide an analytic expression of the obtained projection. The range of applications where conditional density projections are used is wide. The derived results are potentially useful in a variety of areas including: semiparametric efficient estimation and optimal testing in (conditional) moment models, Bayesian prior determination and inference in semiparametric models, density forecasting, and simulation-based econometric analysis. Regarding existence, we propose three different combinations of assumptions that are all sufficient to show that the projection exists and is unique. The proposed conditions exhibit a clear trade off between restrictions put on the divergence between the conditional densities and on the moment function which defines the projection set. Depending on the nature of the application, the researcher can pick and choose which set of conditions to use. Our second set of results characterizes the projection. The expression for the projected density is new though not surprising given the previously obtained results for the unconditional case. The projection is characterized by the dual of the original projection problem. In establishing the strong duality, however, we work with a constraint qualification condition that is weaker than that used by Borwein and Lewis (1991a, 1992a, 1993 in their seminal work concerning the unconditional case.
Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Clinical Ambulatory Monitoring: Unique Aspects of Blood Pressure During Sleep

The prognostic value of sleep blood pressure reported by recent studies is variable. Our aim was to examine the relationship of sleep blood pressure, measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, with all-cause mortality. We studied a cohort of 3957 patients aged 55±16 (58% treated) referred for ambulatory monitoring (1991–2005). Sleep, including daytime sleep, was recorded by diary. Linkage with the national population register identified 303 deaths during 27 750 person-years of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality in Cox proportional hazards models that included age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes treatment were 1.32 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.76) for awake hypertension (≥135/85 mm Hg), and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.23) for sleep hypertension (≥120/70 mm Hg). By quintile analysis, the upper fifths of systolic and diastolic dipping during sleep were associated with adjusted HRs of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.82) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.96), respectively. In a model controlling for awake systolic blood pressure, hazards associated with reduced systolic dipping increased from dippers (>10%; HR: 1.0), through nondippers (0% to 9.9%; HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.69) to risers (<0%; HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.96). Thus, in practice, ambulatory blood pressure predicts mortality significantly better than clinic blood pressure. The availability of blood pressure measures during sleep and, in particular, the pattern of dipping add clinically predictive information and provide further justification for the use of ambulatory monitoring in patient management.
Data mining and statistical analysis of construction equipment failure

Purpose Construction equipment is a key resource, and contractors that own a large equipment fleet take all necessary measures to maximize equipment utilization and minimize equipment failures. Although most contractors implement scheduled maintenance programs and carry out periodic inspections and repairs on their construction equipment, it is still difficult to predict the occurrence of a specific failure of a piece of equipment in the short or long term. According to a survey in the United States, approximately 46% of the major equipment repairs was undertaken as a result of an unexpected failure. Although it is not possible to predict all failure events, a slight improvement in their prediction represents a significant saving in time and cost for a large contractor. Statistical power law models and data-mining models were compared to investigate their pros and cons in predicting critical failure events of heavy construction equipment. Method With large amounts of equipment failure data accumulated in a surface mining project, two different types of failure models were created for comparative analysis from a practical point of view. For selected equipment units, failure data were collected along with the relevant factors which may cause variations of equipment failure rate (or mean time to failure). In a classical approach, Power law models of equipment failure rates are fitted using RGA 7.0; while in the data-mining approach, the mean time to failure is modeled using a data-mining algorithm-decision tree induction, establishing logical, mathematical, and statistical relations between MTTF (Mean Time Between Failures) and its various factor of impact (equipment conditions, failure history, environmental conditions, etc.). Both models are used for validation tests on randomly selected time periods and compared in terms of their performance. Results & Discussion The two types of models were compared.
Effects of Defining Realistic Compositions of the Ocular Melanoma on Proton Therapy

Background: Recent studies in eye plaque brachytherapy have shown a considerable difference between the dosimetric results using water phantom and a model of human eye containing realistic materials. In spite of this fact, there is a lack of simulation studies based on such a model in proton therapy literatures. In the presented work, the effect of utilizing an eye model with ocular media on proton therapy is investigated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo Code. Methods: Two different eye models are proposed to study the effect of defining realistic materials on dose deposition due to utilizing pencil beam scanning (PBS) method for proton therapy of ocular melanoma. The first model is filled with water, and the second one contains the realistic materials of tumor and vitreous. Spread out Bragg peaks (SOBP) are created to cover a typical tumor volume. Moreover, isodose curves are figured in order to evaluate planar variations of absorbed dose in two models. Results: The results show that the maximum delivered dose in ocular media is approximately 12-32% more than in water phantom. Also it is found that using the optimized weighted beams in water phantom leads to disturbance of uniformity of SOBP in ocular media. Conclusion: Similar to the results reported in eye brachytherapy published papers, considering the ocular media in simulation studies leads to a more realistic assessment of sufficiency of the designed proton beam in tissue. This effect is of special importance in creating SOBP, as well as in delivered dose in the tumor boundaries in proton pencil beam scanning method.
Obstacle Avoidance Strategy using Onboard Stereo Vision on a Flapping Wing MAV

The development of autonomous lightweight MAVs, capable of navigating in unknown indoor environments, is one of the major challenges in robotics. The complexity of this challenge comes from constraints on weight and power consumption of onboard sensing and processing devices. In this paper, we propose the “Droplet” strategy, an avoidance strategy based on stereo vision inputs that outperforms reactive avoidance strategies by allowing constant speed maneuvers while being computationally extremely efficient, and which does not need to store previous images or maps. The strategy deals with nonholonomic motion constraints of most fixed and flapping wing platforms, and with the limited field-of-view of stereo camera systems. It guarantees obstacle-free flight in the absence of sensor and motor noise. We first analyze the strategy in simulation, and then show its robustness in real-world conditions by implementing it on a 20-gram flapping wing MAV.
Intelligent knowledge-based repository to support informed design decision making

Research highlights that architectural design is a social phenomenon that is underpinned by critical analysis of design precedents and the social interaction between designers including negotiation, collaboration and communication. CAAD systems are continuously developing as essential design tools in formulating and developing ideas. Researchers such as (Rosenman, Gero and Oxman 1992) have suggested suggest that knowledge based systems can be integrated with CAAD systems to provide design knowledge that would enable recalling design precedents that maybe linked to the design constraints. Currently CAAD systems are user centric being focused on architects rather than the end product. The systems provide limited assistance in the production of innovative design. Furthermore, the attention of the designers of knowledge based systems is providing a repository rather than a system that is capable to initiate innovation. Most of the CAAD systems have web communication tools that enable designers to communicate their design ideas with colleagues and partners in business. However, none of these systems have the capability to capture useful knowledge from the design negotiations. Students of the third to fifth year at College of Architecture, University of Dammam were surveyed and interviewed to find out how far design tools, communications and resources would impact the production of innovative design projects. The survey results show that knowledge extracted from design negotiations would impact the innovative design outcome. It highlights also that present design precedents are not very helpful and design negotiations between students, tutors and other students are not documented thus fully incorporated into the design scheme. The paper argues that the future CAAD systems should be capable to recognize innovative design precedents, and incorporate knowledge that is resulted from design negotiations. This would help students to gain a critical mass of knowledge that would underpin informed design decisions.
Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analysis Reveals the Complex Evolutionary History of Rabies Virus in Multiple Carnivore Hosts

The natural evolution of rabies virus (RABV) provides a potent example of multiple host shifts and an important opportunity to determine the mechanisms that underpin viral emergence. Using 321 genome sequences spanning an unprecedented diversity of RABV, we compared evolutionary rates and selection pressures in viruses sampled from multiple primary host shifts that occurred on various continents. Two major phylogenetic groups, bat-related RABV and dog-related RABV, experiencing markedly different evolutionary dynamics were identified. While no correlation between time and genetic divergence was found in bat-related RABV, the evolution of dog-related RABV followed a generally clock-like structure, although with a relatively low evolutionary rate. Subsequent molecular clock dating indicated that dog-related RABV likely underwent a rapid global spread following the intensification of intercontinental trade starting in the 15th century. Strikingly, although dog RABV has jumped to various wildlife species from the order Carnivora, we found no clear evidence that these host-jumping events involved adaptive evolution, with RABV instead characterized by strong purifying selection, suggesting that ecological processes also play an important role in shaping patterns of emergence. However, specific amino acid changes were associated with the parallel emergence of RABV in ferret-badgers in Asia, and some host shifts were associated with increases in evolutionary rate, particularly in the ferret-badger and mongoose, implying that changes in host species can have important impacts on evolutionary dynamics.
Small Sample Statistics for Classification Error Rates I: Error Rate Measurements

Several methods (independent subsamples, leave-one-out, cross-validation, and bootstrapping) have been proposed for estimating the error rates of classiers. The rationale behind the various estimators and the causes of the sometimes con BLOCKINicting claims regarding their bias and precision are explored in this paper. The biases and variances of each of the estimators are examined empirically. Cross-validation, 10-fold or greater, seems to be the best approach; the other methods are biased, have poorer precision, or are inconsistent. Though unbiased for linear discriminant classiers, the 632b bootstrap estimator is biased for nearest neighbors classiers, more so for single nearest neighbor than for three nearest neighbors. The 632b estimator is also biased for Cart-style decision trees. Weiss' loo* estimator is unbiased and has better precision than cross-validation for discriminant and nearest neighbors classiers, but its lack of bias and improved precision for those classiers do not carry over to decision trees for nominal attributes.