Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary tic-tac-toe player

In this paper, artificial neural networks are used as function evaluators in order to evolve game playing strategies for the game of tic–tac–toe. The best evolved player is tested against an online perfect tic–tac–toe player, and also against a nearly perfect player which allows 10% random moves and finally against five selected human players. Those players are with different playing abilities. The results are promising, suggesting many other research directions.
Hyaluronic acid and intestinal inflammation

Introduction Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan polymer composed of repeating units of the disaccharide (D-glucuronic acid-B1, 3-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-B 1,4) [1–3]. Secreted by many cell types, it is an important component of the extracellular matrix. In health hyaluronic acid is secreted as long polymers with up to 2 10 monosaccharides extending up to 25 mm in length. These large polymers serve to promote local homeostasis by suppressing cell proliferation and immunogenicity. In response to injury hyaluronic acid secretion is increased and the large polymers are cleaved by hyaluronidases (HYALs) to yield smaller biologically active fragments [4]. These hyaluronic acid fragments are immunogenic, angiogenic and proinflammatory.
Dietary Fibre Intake and Risks of Cancers of the Colon and Rectum in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Background Earlier analyses within the EPIC study showed that dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, but results from some large cohort studies do not support this finding. We explored whether the association remained after longer follow-up with a near threefold increase in colorectal cancer cases, and if the association varied by gender and tumour location. Methodology/Principal Findings After a mean follow-up of 11.0 years, 4,517 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. Total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fibre intakes were estimated from dietary questionnaires at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by age, sex, and centre, and adjusted for total energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, education, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive use, and intakes of alcohol, folate, red and processed meats, and calcium. After multivariable adjustments, total dietary fibre was inversely associated with colorectal cancer (HR per 10 g/day increase in fibre 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.96). Similar linear associations were observed for colon and rectal cancers. The association between total dietary fibre and risk of colorectal cancer risk did not differ by age, sex, or anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary variables. Fibre from cereals and fibre from fruit and vegetables were similarly associated with colon cancer; but for rectal cancer, the inverse association was only evident for fibre from cereals. Conclusions/Significance Our results strengthen the evidence for the role of high dietary fibre intake in colorectal cancer prevention.
Effect of Individual versus Group Rearing and Feeding of Different Levels of Milk and Skim Milk on Nutrient Utilization in Crossbred Calves

A 2×3 factorial design was used to study the impact of rearing systems, individual (I) vs. group (G) and different levels of milk/skim milk feeding (three schedules, F1, F2 and F3) on performance of crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) calves. Six calves (three from each sex) were taken in each group on the basis of their birth weight. All the calves were fed colostrum for three days and thereafter, were allotted to three different milk feeding schedules (F), i.e. milk fed upto 8 weeks of age (F1), milk upto 4 weeks followed by 50% (F2) and 100% (F3) replacement of milk with skim milk in the next 4 weeks. Calf starter and cereal green fodder were fed ad libitum to all the calves beginning from second week of age. A digestibility trial was conducted at 15th week of age to assess nutrient utilization during postweaning period. The digestibilty of dry matter (DM), organic matter, total carbohydrate, ether extract and crude protein (CP) were nonsignificant between the rearing systems and the feeding schedules. There was significantly higher digestibility of NDF and ADF in G than I and in F3 than F1 and F2. The concentration CP and total digestible nutrients of the diet ranged from 17.18 to 17.75% and 66.32 to 70.14%, respectively. The DM intake (kg/100 kg body weight) ranged from 1.74 to 2.14 kg during 0 to 8 weeks and 3.19 to 3.41 kg during 0 to 14 weeks of age. The effects during postweaning phase (9-14 weeks of age) showed increased performance in group housed calves compared to individually housed ones with a superior average daily gain (590 vs. 443 g) and dry matter intake (1.79 vs. 1.64 kg). Above all, replacement of milk with skim milk at 50% level after 4th week followed by complete removal after 6th week of age (F2) seemed to suit better in coping with immediate energy starvation due to sole feeding of skim milk (F3) and they performed the best under group housed system of rearing. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 10 : 1455-1459)
The MaxSolve algorithm for coevolution

Coevolution can be used to adaptively choose the tests used for evaluating candidate solutions. A long-standing question is how this dynamic setup may be organized to yield reliable search methods. Reliability can only be considered in connection with a particular solution concept specifying what constitutes a solution. Recently, monotonic coevolution algorithms have been proposed for several solution concepts. Here, we introduce a new algorithm that guarantees monotonicity for the solution concept of maximizing the expected utility of a candidate solution. The method, called MaxSolve, is compared to the IPCA algorithm and found to perform more efficiently for a range of parameter values on an abstract test problem.
Reliable Respiratory Rate Estimation from a Bed Pressure Array

Unobtrusive sleep monitoring allows older adults to have continuous monitoring during the night in their own homes. We propose a method to reliably estimate respiratory rate using a bed-based pressure sensor array. Movements are detected prior to respiratory rate estimation and suppressed. The amount of movement during an estimate and a weighting for the estimate are used to create a reliability metric. The reliability metric is scored out of 100 for each sensor where high scores denote more reliable data. Once respiratory rates were calculated, the mean reliability metric determined the estimate reliability. Nocturnal data from a male and female participant was analyzed. Results show better accuracy and validity than both analysis without movement suppression and analysis with movement suppression but without postprocessing data fusion. While more than 50% of estimates include movement corruption, only 15% are unreliable and, moreover, removal of unreliable estimates significantly reduces estimate variance and provides validity estimation
Analyzing System Calls in Multi-OS Hierarchical Environments

As supercomputers progress to exascale computing and beyond, the number of nodes in a supercomputer is continuing to increase, and the number of cores within a node is dramatically increasing. The amount of parallelism argues for hierarchical approaches to manage hardware resources. Currently, determining where OS functionality should be implemented in this hierarchy and how to divide functionality between the operating system and the runtime is left to the OS designer experience, without data supporting these decisions. The goal of this work is to provide information allowing researchers to make an informed decision about where in the system hierarchy functionality should be best implemented. We propose an automatic infrastructure to analyze system requests to help OS and runtime designers make the tradeoff on where to implement a particular service prior to implementation time, and later, the infrastructure can provide an evaluation of system performance. We have run 19 applications through our infrastructure and provide a detailed breakdown of their system requests as well as an overall characterization of the workload. Our results will help OS and runtime designers to make more informed decisions about future system software structure.
Integrated Folding, Alignment, and Latching for Reconfigurable Origami Microelectromechanical Systems

The design, implementation, and characterization of passively aligned reconfigurable three-dimensional (3-D) microelectromechanical systems via origami folding is presented. The process integrates into a two-mask pattern all of the features necessary for actuation, aligning, and latching segments into their correct positions under the influence of a single driving force with high tolerance to magnitude inaccuracy. Lorentz force folds the two-dimensional (2-D) elements out-of-plane. Their alignment is controlled by cascaded alignment features that create an initial interaction at coarse levels of alignment and deterministically drive the system to its as-designed final position. Reversible mechanical latches engage passively, preventing unfolding when the actuation force is released. The latches are designed to be able to be unlatched for future reconfiguration, either by returning to the unlatched state or by relatching into a second state. The proposed approach was demonstrated in an SU-8 corner cube connected by thin-film gold flexural hinges. The alignment mechanism is shown to correct for up to 11° of misalignment. The latches fasten and unfasten under forces of 13.1 and 12.5 μN, respectively. The average angle between folded segments of the final system is measured at 90.4° as compared with the design value of 90°, with a standard deviation of 0.6°.
In-Situ Visualisation of Fractional Code Ownership over Time

The term code ownership is used in software engineering to describe who authored a certain piece of software. Code ownership is commonly determined by investigating the data from version control systems, defining the owner as the person who contributed the most lines to a file, module, etc. Existing visualisation for ownership usually relies on per-line annotations from the version control system, thus only conveying the information who changed a line the last time, potentially adding some visual cue about how old the respective change is. This, however, can be misleading, because any change of even a single character changes ownership. In this paper, we propose a visualisation that accounts for fractional ownership changes over time on a per-character basis. Our technique incorporates visual cues to convey that typical definitions of ownership have an inherent uncertainty and provides details on the cause of this uncertainty on demand. For our definition of code ownership being a low-level one, we propose implementing the visualisation as an in-situ visualisation in the code editor of modern development environments. We will show examples of the efficacy of our approach and discuss its advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional line-based ownership.
Rooting our Rumor Sources in Online Social Networks: The Value of Diversity From Multiple Observations

This paper addresses the problem of rumor source detection with multiple observations, from a statistical point of view of a spreading over a network, based on the susceptible-infectious model. For tree networks, multiple independent observations can dramatically improve the detection probability. For the case of a single rumor source, we propose a unified inference framework based on the joint rumor centrality, and provide explicit detection performance for degree-regular tree networks. Surprisingly, even with merely two observations, the detection probability at least doubles that of a single observation, and further approaches one, i.e., reliable detection, with increasing degree. This indicates that a richer diversity enhances detectability. Furthermore, we consider the case of multiple connected sources and investigate the effect of diversity. For general graphs, a detection algorithm using a breadth-first search strategy is also proposed and evaluated. Besides rumor source detection, our results can be used in network forensics to combat recurring epidemic-like information spreading such as online anomaly and fraudulent email spams.
Using the UTAUT Model to Explore University Student Acceptance towards Moodle Reader

With the advances in information systems and the Internet, universities have developed various e-learning platforms and blended courses that enable students to learn in a variety of ways. For system users, the acceptance and adoption of the system affects their learning processes and results. This research applied the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), proposed and validated by Venkatesh et al (2003), to explore factors that affect the acceptance of Moodle Reader, a system that supports English language learning. The results show that the constructs, performance expectancy and social influence have significant effects on behavioral intention, and facilitating conditions has a direct effect on user behavior and system usage. However, effort expectancy does not have an obvious effect on behavioral intention. Users intentions are dominant factors that consequently lead to gains in information systems performance. Furthermore, researchers classified students into different groups by gender, age and English learning experiences to study how individual differences affect adoption of the system. Multi-group analysis with PLS was used to examine the groups, and the results suggest that individual differences have no direct effect.
An Early Performance Analysis of Cloud Computing Services for Scientific Computing

Cloud Computing is emerging today as a commercial infrastructure that eliminates the need for maintaining expensive computing hardware. Through the use of virtualization, clouds promise to address with the same shared set of physical resources a large user base with different needs. Thus, clouds promise to be for scientists an alternative to clusters, grids, and supercomputers. However, virtualization may induce significant performance penalties for the demanding scientific computing workloads. In this work we present an evaluation of the usefulness of the current cloud computing services for scientific computing. We analyze the performance of the Amazon EC2 platform using micro-benchmarks, kernels, and e-Science workloads. We also compare using long-term traces the performance characteristics and cost models of clouds with those of other platforms accessible to scientists. While clouds are still changing, our results indicate that the current cloud services need an order of magnitude in performance improvement to be useful to the scientific community. Wp 1 http://www.pds. ewi.tudelft. nl/∼iosup/ S. Ostermann et al. Wp Early Cloud Computing EvaluationWp PDS
Correlation of anatomy and function in medulla oblongata infarction

Background: A presentation of all aspects of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata syndrome is clinically very rare to find. In most cases patients present with fragmentary symptoms, e.g. ipsilateral axial lateropulsion, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia or hemiataxia. However, the clinical presentation and lesion anatomy at the level of the medulla oblongata is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to correlate the functional deficit with structural MRI‐data.
What works in ethics and integrity management : where do we stand today ?

Many individuals, organizations and countries have become involved in fighting corruption and safeguarding integrity. Among the examples are governmental institutions at all geographic levels as well as business corporations and integrity watchdogs (e.g. Transparency International, national Independent Anti Corruption Commissions). Many policy instruments and institutions to promote integrity have been proposed and put in practice. A crucial question, however, is how successful or effective integrity instruments and institutions actually are.
Hierarchical Power Distribution With Power Tree in Dozens of Power Domains for 90-nm Low-Power Multi-CPU SoCs

Hierarchical power distribution with a power tree has been developed. The key features are a power-tree structure with three power-tree management rules and a distributed common power domain implementation. The hierarchical power distribution supports a fine-grained power gating with dozens of power domains, which is analogous to a fine-grained clock gating. Leakage currents of a 1 000 000-gate power domain were effectively reduced to 1/4000 in multi-CPU SoCs with minimal area overhead
An Assessment of Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility with Multiple Characteristics

Measurement system analysis plays an important role of many continuous improvement initiatives in the manufacturing industry. Measurement systems are commonly evaluated by performing a gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) study. In some circumstances, manufacturing tests in a GRR study may have multiple characteristics with a multivariate normal distribution. To determine the preferred method for a GRR analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied to data taken from two real cases. Three performance measures [precision to tolerance ratio (PTRM), the percentage of repeatability and reproducibility (%RRM), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNRM)] are used to evaluate the adequacy of the measurement process. The results show that the MANOVA method is suitable for a GRR study with multiple characteristics.
Assessment of overall blood pressure variability and its different components

Blood pressure (BP) is characterized by continuous fluctuations, including fast changes lasting only a few seconds as well as slower and more prolonged variations, with a time constant of minutes or hours. Assessing the relative contribution of these different components to overall blood pressure variance is now possible through a number of mathematical approaches, either in the time or in the frequency domain (spectral analysis). Due to its complex nature, a precise and detailed assessment of blood pressure variability can be obtained only from the analysis of continuous, beat-by-beat, blood pressure recordings. Some information, however, can also be derived from analysis of discontinuous blood pressure tracings, such as those commonly performed in a clinical setting. This would require that attention is paid both to the quality of the recordings and to the selection of suitable analysis methods that should cope with the discontinuous nature of the measurements to be processed and to their intrinsic low sampling frequency.
VTEX Determiner and Preposition Correction System for the HOO 2012 Shared Task

This paper describes the system has been developed for the HOO 2012 Shared Task. The task was to correct determiner and preposition errors. I explore the possibility of learning error correcting rules from the given manually annotated data using features such as word length and word endings only. Furthermore, I employ error correction ranking based on the ratio of the sentence probabilities using original and corrected language models. Our system has been ranked for the ninth position out of thirteen teams. The best result was achieved in correcting missing prepositions, which was ranked for the sixth position.
Class Mutation : Mutation Testing for Object-Oriented Programs

The program mutation is a testing technique that assesses the quality of test input data by examining whether the test data can distinguish a set of alternate programs (representing specific types of faults) from the program under test. We have extended the conventional mutation method to be applicable for object-oriented (OO) programs. The method, termed Class Mutation, is a form of OO-directed selective mutation testing that focuses on plausible flaws related to the unique features in OO (Java) programming. This paper introduces the Class Mutation technique and describes the results of the case study performed to investigate the applicability of the technique.
Fusions of a Probability Distribution

Starting with a Borel probability measure P on X (where X is a separable Banach space or a compact metrizable convex subset of a locally convex topological vector space), the class Y(P), called the fusions of P, consists of all Borel probability measures on X which can be obtained from P by fusing parts of the mass of P, that is, by collapsing parts of the mass of P to their respective barycenters. The class Y(P) is shown to be convex, and the ordering induced on the space of all Borel probability measures by Q ",:. P if and only if Q E Y(P) is shown to be transitive and to imply the convex domination ordering. If P has a finite mean, then Y(P) is uni­ formly integrable and Q ",:. P is equivalent to Q convexly dominated by P and hence equivalent to the pair (Q, P) being martingalizable. These ideas are applied to obtain new martingale inequalities and a solution to a cost-reward problem concerning optimal fusions of a finite-dimensional distribution. 1. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of a fusion of a probability distribution P and to study class properties of fusions and their relationship to classical probabilistic concepts such as convex domination, majorization, martingalizability and dilation. As a simple concrete example, suppose P is the purely atomic probability
QRP03-1: An Epidemiological Model for File-Sharing with BitTorrent-like Incentives: The Case of a Fixed Peer Population

Bit Torrent is a popular peer-to-peer file-sharing network that employs transaction-level incentives, i.e., typically two files are swapped for each transaction between peers. Also, larger files are segmented into "chunks" that are the subject of individual transactions. In this paper, we give a simple deterministic stratified epidemiological models of the dissemination of a single popular file in peer-to-peer file-sharing networks that employ BitTorrent-like incentives. We then use this simple model to evaluate the effect of these incentives by comparison with a system does not segment files and always involves only a single file transfer per transaction, i.e., involves a client-peer and server- peer.
High Resolution Sonar Image Segmentation by PSO Based Fuzzy Cluster Method

In this paper, we manage to use the clustering method realize sonar image segmentation. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based FCM algorithm (PSO-FCM) is proposed which PSO incorporate with Fuzzy Clustering Method (FCM). The algorithm takes the clustering result of PSO as the initialization of the FCM, and uses fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals to express the adapt function. At last, the algorithm is applied to the high resolution sonar image segmentation. Segmentation results of FCM and PSO-FCM for several sonar images are compared, which show that the PSO-FCM algorithm has better performance and fit for the sonar image segmentation better than the FCM does.