Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ether on Potassium Flux in Skeletal Muscle Preparations

SIR,-^ anaesthetic concentrations, ether increases and in higher concentrations, decreases the response of striated muscle to potassium (Torda, 1944). Lorkovic (1959) has noted that in potassium-stimulated frog muscle, ether depresses the twitch fibres and potentiates the response of the slow fibres. Ether also alters the blood potassium levels. It decreases serum potassium in the dog (Gerschman and Marenzi, 1933), an effect preceded by an initial rise (Kiersz, 1948) and confirmed in man (Goodman and Gilman, 1955). Using cat erythrocytes, Davson and Reiner (1942) showed that ether increased the rate of efflux of potassium and decreased the inward movement of sodium. The effects of ether upon serum sodium levels are, however, irregular, and small (Kiersz, 1948 ; Gerschman and Marenzi, 1933). The ether-induced depolarisation of nervous elements (Lorente de N6, 1947) and the suggestion that ether had a depolarising action at the neuroniuscular synapse (Secher, 1951) led us to re-investigate the effects of ether and some volatile anaesthetics on potassium flux in skeletal muscle preparations. Saturated solutions of the volatile liquids were freshly prepared by shaking with the appropriate saline for 15 min. at room temperature. The clear, anaesthetic-saturated layer was decanted and used. Uptake and release of potassium42 (42K+) from paired frog sartorius muscles and from rectangular strips of rat diaphragm were measured by a method similar to that of Lister and Lewis (1959) and Ahmad and Lewis (1962). The effects of ether upon the twitch height, in response to both direct and indirect stimulation, in the isolated rat phrenic-nerve diaphragm preparation (Bulbring, 1946) and, using this preparation the actions of ether and tubocurarine (1 to 3 pg./ml.) on the42K+ efflux from 42K+-loaded rats were observed. In pentobarbitone-anaesthetised cats, the effects of adrenaline (5C100 pg./kg.), neostigmine (0.25 mg./kg.) and tubocurarine (100-200 pg./kg.) on ether-induced neuromuscular block and at the same time on blood serum levels of 42K+ were studied. The effects of ether, methyl n-propyl ether, chloroform and halothane upon acetylcholine-induced contractions of the isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle were also investigated. In the isolated frog sartorius muscle and isolated strips of rat diaphragm, ether decreased the uptake (P < 0.001) and increased the release of 42K+. Qualitatively similar results were obtained using saturated solutions of chloroform, halothane and methyl n-propyl ether. Methyl n-propyl ether and ether also increased the release of 42K+ from the frog rectus abdominis muscle. Ether
Parents, Television and Children's Weight Status

This study scrutinizes the long-term effects of parental television socialization activities on their children's weight status measured through body mass index (BMI-score). We address the question how parental television habits and parental television mediation in childhood relate to a person's weight status in adulthood. To analyze this issue we employed data from the 2009 Family Survey of the Dutch Population with extensive retrospective information on 1,377 Dutch respondents and their parents. Structural equation models were estimated and showed long-term effects of parental television role modeling and mediation on their children's weight status in adulthood. A parental example of frequent television viewing and social coviewing lastingly increases children's weight status through two distinct pathways: via weight status in young adulthood and via educational attainment and adult television habits. Parental instructional television mediation, however, is related to a lower-weight status of their children later in life.
Single- and Multi-level Network Sparsification by Algebraic Distance

Network sparsification methods play an important role in modern network analysis when fast estimation of computationally expensive properties (such as the diameter, centrality indices, and paths) is required. We propose a method of network sparsification that preserves a wide range of structural properties. Depending on the analysis goals, the method allows to distinguish between local and global range edges that can be filtered out during the sparsification. First we rank edges by their algebraic distances and then we sample them. We also introduce a multilevel framework for sparsification that can be used to control the sparsification process at various coarse-grained resolutions. Based primarily on the matrix-vector multiplications, our method is easily parallelized for different architectures.
Frequency and outcomes of transient myocardial ischemia in critically ill adults admitted for noncardiac conditions.

BACKGROUND Critically ill adults admitted for noncardiac conditions are at risk for acute myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVES To detect myocardial ischemia and injury in patients admitted for noncardiac conditions and to examine the relationship of myocardial ischemia, injury, and acuity to cardiac events. METHODS Transient myocardial ischemia, acuity, elevations in serum troponin I, and in-hospital cardiac events were examined in 76 consecutive patients. Transient myocardial ischemia, determined by using continuous electrocardiography, was defined as a 1-mm (0.1-mV) change in ST level from baseline to event in 1 or more leads lasting 1 or more minutes. Acuity was determined by scores on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. RESULTS A total of 37 ischemic events were detected in 8 patients (10.5%); 32 (86%) were ST-segment depressions, and 35 (96%) were silent. Twelve patients (15.8%) had elevated levels of troponin I. Transient myocardial ischemia, elevated troponin I levels, and advanced age were significant predictors of cardiac complications (R2 = 0.387, F = 15.2, P < .001). Acuity correlated only modestly with increased length of stay in the intensive care unit (r = 0.26, P = .02) and elevated troponin I levels (r = 0.25, P = .03). Patients with transient myocardial ischemia had significantly higher rates of elevations in troponin I (P < .001) and cardiac events (P < .001) than did patients without. CONCLUSIONS Transient myocardial ischemia and advanced age are predictors of cardiac events and may indicate patients at risk for cardiac events.
The Association Between Physical Activity and Attentional Control in Younger and Older Middle-Aged Adults

This study investigates the association between physical activity level and attentional control in a group of younger and older middle-aged adults (MA). Participants performed a Flanker task; two types of conflict were analyzed: response and perceptual conflict. For perceptual conflict, behavioral findings suggest that, irrespective of age, physical activity is positively associated with attentional control. For response conflicts, only highly active younger MA showed better attentional control, indicated by increased amplitudes of the event related potential N2 and reduced interference costs by distracting information. Physical activity did not modulate P3 amplitudes. The findings are discussed with respect to physical activity as functional approach to maintain cognitive functioning across the lifespan.
Five reasons for scenario-based design

Scenarios of human-computer interaction help us to understand and to create computer systems and applications as artifacts of human activity-as things to learn from, as tools to use in one's work, as media for interacting with other people. Scenario-based design of information technology addresses five technical challenges. Scenarios evoke reflection in the content of design work, helping developers coordinate design action and reflection. Scenarios are at once concrete and flexible, helping developers manage the fluidly of design situation. Scenarios affords multiple view of an interaction, diverse kinds and amounts of detailing, helping developers manage the many consequences entailed by an given design move. Scenarios can also be abstracted and categorized, helping designers to recognize, capture, and reuse generalizations, and to address the challenge that technical knowledge often lags the needs of technical design. Finally, scenarios promote work-oriented communication among stakeholders, helping to make design activities more accessible to the great variety of expertise that can contribute to design, and addressing the challenge that external constraints designers and clients often distract attention from the needs and concerns of the people who will use the technology.
A qualitative analysis of young Hindi film viewers readings of gender, sexuality and politics on- and off-screen

This thesis presents a qualitative analysis of the connections between meanings made from discourses of gender, sexuality and ethnicity in commercial Hindi films and the construction of gender, sexual and ethnic identity by young adult viewers. While expressing an understanding of cinema texts and audiences as always shaped by and responding to complex intersections of social, psychological and historical events, it also identifies and describes mechanisms of pleasure and discourses of gender ideology in Hindi films from the points of view of 'academic' and 'ordinary' viewers. Original photographs, observations and interviews at cinema halls and transcripts from in-depth interviews with young viewers from diverse social, linguistic and religious backgrounds in Bombay and London provide the bulk of the data. Critical discourse analysis and aspects of social semiotics and Screen theory provide the tools for analysis of the data. This study suggests that young viewers respond to films from a variety of intersecting subject positions; they rarely experience film texts as unitary and organic entities, treating certain sequences as far more significant than others. This study also finds strong connections between the discourses of gender, sexuality and politics articulated by or read into Hindi films and those voiced by young South Asian viewers. Saliently, though certain viewers use sequences in Hindi films as justifications for their political beliefs and/or private actions, others who express similar enjoyment, ridicule or despise the meanings they read into film sequences, remaining wary of their perceived 'effects'. Many Hindi films may be read as ambiguous or overt interventions in conflicts over religious, national, gender and sexual identity, and some young viewers clearly show a predisposition to what can only be called certain films' authoritarian or fascistic imaginaries. For others, pleasure and involvement in aspects of these films does not preclude skepticism or ideological critique.
Optical Transfer Diagnosis of Pigmented Lesions

BACKGROUND Optical transfer diagnosis is a novel melanoma detection system that uses morphologic–physiologic mapping. OBJECTIVE To further evaluate the potential of optical transfer diagnosis for distinguishing benign from malignant pigmented melanocytic neoplasms. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety‐four patients with pigmented lesions suggestive of melanoma were referred for optical transfer diagnosis. After lesions were scanned with the camera, they were removed for histopathologic examination by two dermatopathologists each. From the recorded images, morphologic–physiologic maps were created with prediction models of light absorption and scattering by chromophores such as hemoglobin, keratin, and melanin at different epidermal and dermal depths. Entropy and relative entropy values derived from the morphologic–physiologic maps and a set of pure morphologic parameters were analyzed for output prediction of melanoma versus nonmelanoma. Dermoscopic images were reviewed and scored using the color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity (CASH) algorithm to assign a value of clinical atypia. RESULTS Of the 118 scanned and biopsied lesions (median CASH score 8), 11 were identified as melanoma or atypical melanocytic hyperplasia consistent with melanoma. For identification of melanomas, optical transfer diagnosis had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS This technology continues to be a promising adjunct to clinical skin cancer screening. &NA; This work was supported in part by Balter Medical, Inc., Maplewood, New Jersey. Kristian P. Nielsen provided critical review of this manuscript.
Rate-Distortion Theory of Finite Point Processes

We study the compression of data in the case where the useful information is contained in a set rather than a vector, i.e., the ordering of the data points is irrelevant and the number of data points is unknown. Our analysis is based on rate-distortion theory and the theory of finite point processes. We introduce fundamental information-theoretic concepts and quantities for point processes and present general lower and upper bounds on the rate-distortion function. To enable a comparison with the vector setting, we concretize our bounds for point processes of fixed cardinality. In particular, we analyze a fixed number of unordered Gaussian data points and show that we can significantly reduce the required rates compared to the best possible compression strategy for Gaussian vectors. As an example of point processes with variable cardinality, we study the best possible compression of Poisson point processes. For the specific case of a Poisson point process with uniform intensity on the unit square, our lower and upper bounds are separated by only a small gap and thus provide a good characterization of the rate-distortion function.
A Relational Taxonomy of Services for Large Scale Service Repositories

With the rapid development of service-oriented computing (SOC) and service-oriented architecture (SOA), the number of services is rapidly increasing. How to organize and manage services effectively in repositories to improve the efficiency of service discovery and composition is important. This paper proposes three categorization rules to classify services for a large scale repository to form a relational taxonomy. The service retrieve scope can be drastically narrowed by this taxonomy. Therefore, the efficiency of service discovery and service composition can be greatly improved. We evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed method and other related ones via a publicly available test set, ICEBE05. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed one.
Representation and reconstruction of map regions

Paper maps need be preserved for their historical importance. These maps are characterized by the presence of texts of different fonts, sizes and orientations on a complex background. These texts are cluttered with criss-cross lines representing boundaries, rivers, roads and railway lines, and many other objects. So, for scanned map image segmentation, representation or vectorization is difficult and make automatic digitization challenging. This paper presents a framework for automatic region segmentation, vectorization and reconstruction of regions within a map. Each region is segmented by analysing histogram of hue, then the contours are extracted, and at last each contour is split into several smaller line/curve segments. Bezier curve fitting is used for representation of smaller curves and finally the whole contour is reconstructed from a minimum number of known points. This way all regions within a map are reconstructed. The approach is tested on a map image dataset of moderate size and the results are encouraging.
The Stability of a Model Substrate for Topoisomerase 1-Mediated DNA Religation Depends on the Presence of Mismatched Base Pairs

Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) enzymes regulate DNA superhelicity by forming covalent cleavage complexes that undergo controlled rotation. Substitution of nucleoside analogs at the +1 position of the DNA duplex relative to the Top1 cleavage site inhibits DNA religation. The reduced efficiency for Top1-mediated religation contributes to the anticancer activity of widely used anticancer drugs including fluoropyrimidines and gemcitabine. In the present study, we report that mismatched base pairs at the +1 position destabilize the duplex DNA components for a model Top1 cleavage complex formation even though one duplex component does not directly include a mismatched base pair. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal G-dU and G-FdU mismatched base pairs, but not a G-T mismatched base pair, increase flexibility at the Top1 cleavage site, and affect coupling between the regions required for the religation reaction to occur. These results demonstrate that substitution of dT analogs into the +1 position of the non-scissile strand alters the stability and flexibility of DNA contributing to the reduced efficiency for Top1-mediated DNA religation. These effects are inherent in the DNA duplex and do not require formation of the Top1:DNA complex. These results provide a biophysical rationale for the inhibition of Top1-mediated DNA religation by nucleotide analog substitution.
Chemotyping of Fusarium graminearum using Tri13 trichothecene biosynthetic gene

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of FHB or wheat scab in different part of the world. This fungus is able to produce diffrent Trichothecene mycotoxins such as Nivalenol (NIV) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) which are harmful for both human and animals. To determine chemotypes of Trichothecene, a total of 100 isolates from different fields of Golestan province in Iran including Gorgan, Kordkuy, Bandaregaz, Gonbad, Minodasht, Kalaleh and Azadshahr were identified as F. graminearum using morphological features. The identity of 96 isolates was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using F. graminearum species-specific primers (Fg16F/Fg16R). Based on sequences of Tri13 gene involved in the mycotoxin biosynthetic pathway, PCR assays were used to detect Nivalenol (NIV) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes. Of the 96 tested isolates in Tri13 PCR assays, 70 classified as NIV chemotype and the remaining 26 isolates as DON producers. These results indicated that NIV chemotype was the most dominant chemotype in studied region. A greater proportion of NIV chemotype was found in Gorgan fields (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001), whereas greater proportion of DON was detected in Gonbad fields (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001). PCR assay-based chemotyping was confirmed by HPLC method. These results demonstrated that PCR assay and HPLC could be used as rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for the detection and identification of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium-species and may thus help to develop strategies to avoid or reduce mycotoxin contamination of cereals.
Distributed Linear Programming for Weblog Data using Mining Techniques in Distributed Environment

learning discusses different strategies in which learners can communicate with each other. The different strategies are data analysis, predicting future learner in an efficient way to access the learning methods. In this paper the distributed learning has proposed an optimized solution for the fore coming learners. The idea of distributed learning is to analyse the weblog data traversed by the previous learners. Data mining is a process of mining the previously unknown data to make shape up useful knowledge or patterns from large databases. The distributed linear programming is the mathematical approach used in this paper to classify web sites from the weblog data for a specific purpose. Distributed learning approach is used in support vector machine and linear regression method. This paper recommends the fore coming learners to go through the identified web links in order to get high score. Keywords-learning, weblog data, web mining, linear regression, distributed mining.
The Effect of Career Plateau on Chinese Employees’ Affective Commitment: An Indigenous Career Plateau Scale and Two-Mediator Model

The two-dimensional (hierarchical and job content) model have been predominating the extant career plateau literature. However, based on Schein’s cone-shaped organizational mobility model, we contend that stagnation in organizational centrality (inclusive plateau) may be another dimension of career plateau. Furthermore, grounded in social exchange theory and need-satisfaction models, we aim to examine the effects of career plateau on affective commitment and underlying mechanisms. In Study 1, based on a sample of 219 employees from different professions, we developed a primary validation of our threedimensional career plateau scale. In Study 2, we examined our hypothesized model with another dataset of 288 employees. The results suggest that job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the job content plateau, the inclusive plateau and affective commitment. The analysis demonstrates that the specific indirect effect of job content plateauing and inclusion on affective commitment through intrinsic job satisfaction was greater than through extrinsic job satisfaction. However, the hypothesis regarding the relationship between hierarchical plateau and affective commitment was not supported, when another two dimensions of career plateau were added to the model. Our findings provide some theoretical and practical implications.
Urinary incontinence in both sexes: Prevalence rates and impact on quality of life and sexual life

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in both sexes in Austria and to assess its impact on quality of life and sexual function. Voluntary health examinations free of charge are regularly organized in the area of Vienna. From May 1998 to April 1999 we have included in this health examination an incontinence questionnaire containing 37 items, which was largely based on the Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) questionnaire. This questionnaire asks in detail for various aspects of urinary incontinence/voiding problems, including the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life and sexual function. In this questionnaire, urinary incontinence was defined as any involuntary loss of urine within the past 4 weeks. The data of 2,498 participants (1,262 women [f]: mean age: 49.7±13.6 years and 1,236 men [m]: 48.6±13.0 years; age range: 20–96 years) were analyzed. Overall, 26.3% of women and 5.0% of men reported on episodes of urinary incontinence during the past 4 weeks. Prevalence rates increased constantly with age in both sexes: 20–29 years: 4.1% (f), 1.7% (m); 30–39 years: 10.8% (f), 2.7% (m); 40–49 years: 22.9% (f); 3.9% (m); 50–59 years: 34.9% (f), 3.7% (m); 60–69 years: 36.9% (f), 7.6% (m); 70 years or older: 36.0%% (f), 11.5% (m). Overall, 65.7% of women and 58.3% of men stated that quality of life was affected by their incontinence status. A moderate or severe impairment was reported by 18.3% of women and 16.6% of men. Impairment of quality of life was related as statistically significant (P < 0.05) to frequency and degree of incontinence (irrespective of the type of incontinence), the impact on sexual function and need for pads or other incontinence devices. Patient gender, age, and the duration of incontinence had no effect (P > 0.05) on quality of life. An impairment of sexual life by urinary incontinence was stated by 25.1% of women and 30.5% of women, respectively. Although only 65.7% of women and 58.3% men with urinary incontinence reported on an impairment of quality of life, these data underline the high prevalence and socioeconomic implications of this disorder. The impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life is significantly higher than on sexual function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 19:259–271, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural Tracking of the Potassium-Mediated Magnesiation of Anisole

The potassium-mediated magnesiation of anisole has been monitored by a combination of X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic studies. Departing from a heteroleptic alkyl-amido base and anisole, the reaction first stops at an ortho-magnesiated anisole intermediate, but the final destination is an ortho-magnesiated anisole complex with reincorporation of the amine ligand and elimination of alkane (see picture).