Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Active Queue Management Techniques of Congestion Control

Congestion is a multifaceted process. It is difficult to define congestion. It can be sensed through the degraded performance of the network. The user experiences long delays in the delivery of messages, perhaps heavy losses caused by buffer overflows. Regardless of the many years of research efforts in congestion control there is no universally accepted unique definition of congestion. Network congestion occurs when the aggregate demand for bandwidth exceeds the available capacity of the link and when the packet arrival rate to the router is greater than its departure. The remedy over this dilemma is to design an algorithm for congestion detection and avoidance in the router. This paper mainly focuses on the various methods of congestion control which have been considered by various researchers in this area. The main objective of this paper is mere study of various congestion control techniques and to explore the possibilities of further research in the area of congestion control.
A memory efficient privacy preserving representation of connection graphs

Connection graphs are often used for network traffic classification and P2P networks analysis. With the appearance of Software Defined Networks (SDN), a novel approach to proactive distributed network management based on multiagent paradigm, there is a need to develop specialized graph representations. Once transmitted between elements of SDN network, they provide answers to specific queries while protecting other information about the graph. In this paper we propose one such graph representation based on Bloom Filters and show that it provides considerable reduction of required memory and strong privacy while keeping low false positive rate that does not have negative impact on its intended use.
Seasonal acclimation in sudomotor function evaluated by QSART in healthy humans

The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART) is a classic test of routine postganglionic sudomotor function. We investigated sudomotor function by QSART after summer (July 2012) and winter (January 2013) seasonal acclimation (SA) in the Republic of Korea. QSART with acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis were performed to determine directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR1, 2) sweating rate. Onset time of axon reflex, activated sweat gland density (ASGD), activated sweat gland output (ASGO), tympanic and skin temperatures (Tty, Tsk), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and evaporative loss volume changes were measured. Tympanic and mean body temperature (Tb; calculated from Tty, Tsk) were significantly lower after summer-SA than that of winter-SA. Sweat onset time was delayed during winter-SA compared to that after summer-SA. BMR, AXR(1), AXR(2), and DIR sweat rates, ASGD and ASGO, and evaporative loss volume were significantly diminished after winter-SA relative to after summer-SA. In conclusion, changes in sweating activity measured by QSART confirmed the involvement of the peripheral nervous system in variation of sudomotor activity in seasonal acclimation.
Novel packages of viral and self-antigens are generated during apoptosis

Immune context is an essential determinant of the host response to potential autoantigens. The clustering of the autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus within surface blebs of apoptotic cells generates high concentrations of autoantigen within discrete subcellular packages. We demonstrate here that when apoptosis is induced by Sindbis virus infection, viral antigens and autoantigens cocluster exclusively in small surface blebs of apoptotic cells. The surface of these blebs is rich in viral glycoproteins, and virions can be seen blebbing from their surface. We propose that these blebs of mixed foreign and self-origin define a novel immune context that may challenge self-tolerance.
MTSCStack: An effective technique to decrease leakage power in VLSI circuits

the demands of future computing have led to challenges of very deep submicron (DSM) regime. As a result, leakage power dissipation is rapidly becoming a substantial contributor to the total power dissipation as threshold voltage becomes small, according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). In this paper a new low leakage power technique, named “MTSCStack” has been proposed. The proposed method is based on reducing leakage power in active mode and standby mode while saving exact logic state during sleep mode. Library designed using 65nm BSIM4 model of Berkeley Predictive Technology Model (BPTM) has been used to simulate proposed technique.
Impact of Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction on Right Ventricular Myocardial Function

Introduction Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) provides a minimally invasive therapy for patients with severe lung emphysema. As its impact on right ventricular (RtV) function is undefined, we examined the extent of RtV functional changes following ELVR, as assessed by use of speckle tracking-based RtV deformation analysis. Methods We enrolled 32 patients with severe emphysematous COPD scheduled for bronchoscopic LVR using endobronchial valves (Zephyr, PulmonX, Inc.), comprising 16 matched clinical responders and 16 non-responders. Echocardiography was conducted one day prior to ELVR and at an eight-week postprocedural interval. Results Patients were predominantly of late middle-age (65.8±8.7yrs), male (62.5%) and presented advanced COPD emphysema (means FEV1 and RV: 32.6% and 239.1% of predicted, respectively). After ELVR, RtV apical longitudinal strain improved significantly in the total study cohort (-7.96±7.02% vs. -13.35±11.48%, p=0.04), whereas there were no significant changes in other parameters of RtV function such as RtV global longitudinal strain, TAPSE or pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. In responding patients, 6MWT-improvement correlated with a decrease in NT-proBNP (Pearson´s r: -0.53, p=0.03). However, clinical non-responders did not exhibit any RtV functional improvement. Discussion ELVR beneficially impacts RtV functional parameters. Speckle tracking-based RtV apical longitudinal strain analysis allows early determination of RtV contractile gain and identification of clinical responsiveness.
Ordered minimum completion time heuristic for unrelated parallel-machines problems

Scheduling problems in parallel machines have been deeply studied and many are too complex to be solved by exact methods. The unrelated parallel machines makespan minimization problem (Rm||Cmax) is known to be NP-hard and is usually solved using heuristics. Considering heuristics used in these problems, it is possible to identify two different approaches, those that use the execution time to allocate tasks and those that use the completion time. This paper proposes a new heuristic, OMCT (Ordered Minimum Completion Time), based on the performance limitation of the MCT (Minimum Completion Time). The computational study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic.
Software Realization and Performance Testing of DES Cryptographic Algorithm on the .NET Platform

The software realization of DES symmetric encryption algorithm using CryptoAPI on . NET platform has been analyzed. The processing performance of the software implementation has been tested and it was shown, that the encryption rate is 11.1 Mb/sec on the Intel Celeron D 351 3.2 GHz processor, while the development environment is a flexible architecture independent tool and meets all the requirements to the secure implementation of cryptographic software.
A Score Based on Screening Tests to Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment from Subjective Memory Complaints

It is not easy to differentiate patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from subjective memory complainers (SMC). Assessments with screening cognitive tools are essential, particularly in primary care where most patients are seen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of screening cognitive tests and to propose a score derived from screening tests. Elderly subjects with memory complaints were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Brief Cognitive Battery (BCB). We added two delayed recalls in the MMSE (a delayed recall and a late-delayed recall, LDR), and also a phonemic fluency test of letter P fluency (LPF). A score was created based on these tests. The diagnoses were made on the basis of clinical consensus and neuropsychological testing. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity and specificity for each test separately and for the final proposed score. MMSE, LDR, LPF and delayed recall of BCB scores reach statistically significant differences between groups (P=0.000, 0.03, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were MMSE: 64%, 79% and 0.75 (cut off <29); LDR: 56%, 62% and 0.62 (cut off <3); LPF: 71%, 71% and 0.71 (cut off <14); delayed recall of BCB: 56%, 82% and 0.68 (cut off <9). The proposed score reached a sensitivity of 88% and 76% and specificity of 62% and 75% for cut off over 1 and over 2, respectively. AUC were 0.81. In conclusion, a score created from screening tests is capable of discriminating MCI from SMC with moderate to good accurancy.
Enhancing critical thinking: accounting students’ perceptions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment design was used to enhance students’ critical thinking in a subject concerned with business enterprise systems. The study shows positive results and favorable perceptions of the merit of the approach. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach was used to examine how the problem-based assessment task was redesigned to enhance students’ critical thinking. The study documents post-graduate accounting students’ achievements, including some comparison with results from an earlier version of the task. Data were collected using surveys and anonymous student comments. Findings The case study reveals that the merit of the assessment design lay in presenting students with new material that generated some cognitive dissonance, which had to be resolved, rather than just applying subject knowledge to a new scenario. By requiring students to assimilate and harmonize the materials, they were encouraged to think more critically about how their prior learning applied to the problem. Originality/value Congruent with widespread calls by employers and professional bodies, there is renewed focus on the importance of developing critical thinking skills as an integral part of higher education courses. Whilst achievement is usually realized interdependently through communication, problem solving and analysis, critical thinking must be fostered in the context of the specific professional knowledge. This study contributes knowledge about how students’ critical thinking may be fostered, with the added difficulty that the context involves a focus on the role and value of technology.
Risk Ownership in Contract Manufacturing Sezer Ülkü

W consider a supply chain where a contract manufacturer (CM) serves a number of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Investment into productive resources is made before demand realization, hence the supply chain faces the risk of underor overinvestment. The CM and OEMs differ in their forecast accuracy and in their resource pooling capabilities, leading to a disparity in their ability to minimize costs due to demand uncertainty. We consider two scenarios in which this risk is borne by the OEM and CM, respectively. We determine which party should bear the risk so that maximum supply chain profits are achieved. We investigate the effectiveness of premium-based schemes in inducing the best party to bear the risk, and conclude that they function well despite information asymmetry when double marginalization is not very high.
Estimating Nonlinear Selection Gradients Using Quadratic Regression Coefficients: Double Or Nothing?

Abstract The use of regression analysis has been instrumental in allowing evolutionary biologists to estimate the strength and mode of natural selection. Although directional and correlational selection gradients are equal to their corresponding regression coefficients, quadratic regression coefficients must be doubled to estimate stabilizing/disruptive selection gradients. Based on a sample of 33 papers published in Evolution between 2002 and 2007, at least 78% of papers have not doubled quadratic regression coefficients, leading to an appreciable underestimate of the strength of stabilizing and disruptive selection. Proper treatment of quadratic regression coefficients is necessary for estimation of fitness surfaces and contour plots, canonical analysis of the γ matrix, and modeling the evolution of populations on an adaptive landscape.
Probabilistic path queries in road networks: traffic uncertainty aware path selection

Path queries such as "finding the shortest path in travel time from my hotel to the airport" are heavily used in many applications of road networks. Currently, simple statistic aggregates such as the average travel time between two vertices are often used to answer path queries. However, such simple aggregates often cannot capture the uncertainty inherent in traffic. In this paper, we study how to take traffic uncertainty into account in answering path queries in road networks. To capture the uncertainty in traffic such as the travel time between two vertices, the weight of an edge is modeled as a random variable and is approximated by a set of samples. We propose three novel types of probabilistic path queries using basic probability principles: (1) a probabilistic path query like "what are the paths from my hotel to the airport whose travel time is at most 30 minutes with a probability of at least 90%? "; (2) a weight-threshold top-k path query like "what are the top-3 paths from my hotel to the airport with the highest probabilities to take at most 30 minutes? "; and (3) a probability-threshold top-k path query like "what are the top-3 shortest paths from my hotel to the airport whose travel time is guaranteed by a probability of at least 90%? " To evaluate probabilistic path queries efficiently, we develop three efficient probability calculation methods: an exact algorithm, a constant factor approximation method and a sampling based approach. Moreover, we devise the P* algorithm, a best-first search method based on a novel hierarchical partition tree index and three effective heuristic evaluation functions. An extensive empirical study using real road networks and synthetic data sets shows the effectiveness of the proposed path queries and the efficiency of the query evaluation methods.
Social use and consequences of PGIS in local communities: a structurationist analysis of Sierra Nevada Project

The aim of this paper is to understand the social use and the consequences of PGIS in local communities, more specifically in Sierra Nevada, Mexico. In order to investigate the use of ICT by communities, we applied a multilevel and structurationist framework that articulates three dimensions: context, process and content. The results of our study draw attention to the implications of using PGIS not only as a technological tool in the strict sense, but as a process with the potential to achieve commitment across different social groups, even if they have distinct interests and skills. In addition, the consequences of its use for the communities are more likely to be related to the effectiveness of the underlying learning and emancipation processes.
Real-Time Tracking Of Hundreds Of Targets With Efficient Exact JPDAF Implementation

An assignment problem is considered with the constraint that the same hypothesis cannot be applied to more than one object. We desire efficiency without approximation. Multiple target tracking methods such as the joint probabilistic association filter (JPDAF) motivate us. Methods of solving this assignment problem involving enumerating all possible joint assignments is infeasible except for small problems. A recent approach circumvents this combinatorial explosion by representing the structure of the target hypotheses in a `net' which exploits redundancy in an ordered list of objects us to describe the problem. Here, we generalize this approach to process the objects in a tree structure this exploits conditional independence between subsets of the objects. This gives a substantial computational saving and allows us to consider scenarios which were previously impractical. In particular, we show the feasibility of using an exact JPDAF implementation to track 400 targets
How and Why Self-production Affects Product Evaluations: The Role of Process Valence and Involvement in Shaping Evaluation of, Attachment to, and Identification with Self-Made Products

1 HOW DO VALENCE OF PROCESS EMOTIONS AFFECT OBJECT-PERSON RELATIONSHIP? 4 STUDY 1 . 8 Method . 9 Results and Discussion . 10 STUDY 2 . 12 Method . 12 Results and Discussion . 13 STUDY 3 . 17 Method . 17 Results and Discussion . 20 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 23 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH . 25 REFERENCES . 27 ESSAY 2 INVESTMENT OF SELF INTO PRODUCTS THROUGH PROCESS INVOLVEMENT . 46 ABSTRACT . 46 POTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PARTICIPATION IN PRODUCTION . 48 INVESTMENT OF PHYSICAL VERSUS INTELLECTUAL LABOR . 50. 46 POTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PARTICIPATION IN PRODUCTION . 48 INVESTMENT OF PHYSICAL VERSUS INTELLECTUAL LABOR . 50
TO SOIL MOISTURE VALUES OVER A SAHELIAN AREA : MODELING , REMOTE SENSING , AND GROUNDMEASUREMENTS

Soil moisture is one of the most important variables that influences the soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes. This is particularly true over the Sahelian region, soil moisture has an important feedback on precipitation. It is particularly difficult to access to soil moisture values because its high temporal and spatial variability. Different approaches exist, but microwave remote sensing is the more appropriated to measure soil moisture values and its variations [1]. The futur SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission is the first dedicate to soil moisture measurements [2]. The passive microwave sensor will be launched in July 2009, and will record earth emissivity in L-band. This paper proposes an evaluation of three approaches to estimate soil moisture values over a Sahelian region based on ground measurements.
Groovator - An Implementation of Real-Time Rhythm Transformations

This paper describes a real-time system for rhythm manipulation of polyphonic audio signals. A rhythm analysis module extracts information of tempo and beat location. Based on this rhythm information, we apply different transformations: Tempo, Swing, Meter and Accent . This type of manipulation is generally referred as Content-based transformations. We address characteristics of the analysis and transformation algorithms. In addition, user interaction plays also an important role in this system. Tempo variations can be controlled either by tapping the rhythm with a MIDI interface or by using an external audio signal such as percussion or the voice as tempo control. We will conclude pointing out several use-cases, focusing on live performance situations.
Fuzzy estimation system on gait independence level by footprint dynamics

This paper describes a fuzzy estimation system on gait independence level by footprint dynamics. We use a load distribution sensor and obtain a sole pressure distribution from ten inpatients. From that date, we extract feature values of gait. We make fuzzy membership functions from those values and calculate fuzzy degree for each feature value. We calculate fuzzy degree of gait as the sum of what multiplied fuzzy degree for each feature value to the coefficient. Furthermore, we estimate the gait independence level from fuzzy degree of gait by setting a threshold. In the result, we could separate inpatients for each gait independence level exactly except two cases. The result of this research suggests that we have to consider not only the physical state but also the psychological state and so on.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in pituitary tumours

Summary Background Microvessel density in angiogenesis is regarded as a prognostic factor of tumour invasiveness, independent of cell proliferation. In recent studies of pituitary tumours, correlation between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and micro-vascularization density and microvessel surface density has been established. We studied the expression of COX-2 in different types of pituitary adenomas to determine the usefulness of COX-2 expression as a prognostic factor of tumour progression or recurrence in patients with hypophyseal tumours. Material/Methods We retrospectively studied a group of 60 patients of mean age 46.7±17.6 (range, 18 to 85) years who underwent pituitary tumour surgery. Expression of COX-2, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was analyzed in relation to histopathology features of tumour, clinical symptoms, MR imaging and post-operative recurrence/progression of disease. Results COX-2 was expressed in adenomas of 87% of patients, with a median index value of 57.5% [IQR=60.5]. Highest COX-2 expression was observed in hormonally inactive adenomas and gonadotropinomas and lowest in prolactinomas. We found no differences in COX-2 expression with respect to patient age, gender, tumour size, degree of tumour invasiveness, or whether tumours were immunopositive or immunonegative for pituitary hormones, nor have we found any relation between COX-2 expression and recurrence or progression of tumour size. Conclusions COX-2 does not appear to be a predictive factor for recurrence or progression of tumour size. Nevertheless, due to the observed relatively high expression of COX-2 in pituitary adenomas, further studies with COX-2 inhibitors are justified in these tumours.
Two-month-olds are sensitive to lip rounding in dynamic and static speech events

Our research replicates and extends previous work on infant audio-visual speech perception [3], [4], [5], demonstrating that two-month-old infants have knowledge of the audio-visual connection between the visual aspects of lip-posture and the pronunciation of vowels and glides. Using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm [6] the infants display a clear ability to distinguish /a/-/u/, /i/-/u/ and /i/-/wi/. The infants’ ability to discriminate /i/-/wi/ shows that even dynamic aspects of speech production within single syllables are salient to the infants.
The challenges of prisoner reentry faced by Native American returning offenders

ABSTRACT This article examines the economic, social, and cultural challenges American Indian1 inmates face as they reintegrate back into a rural reservation community. Utilizing surveys, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with a variety of stakeholder groups, including community corrections, law enforcement, treatment providers, and tribal leaders, this research explores the reentry challenges faced by Native American returning offenders. Findings indicated that although similarities exist with other reentry populations, especially other minority groups, several unique challenges appear. The possible policy implications of these findings for the reentry process are also discussed.
An Analysis of Human Engagement Behaviour Using Descriptors from Human Feedback, Eye Tracking, and Saliency Modelling

In this paper an analysis of human engagement behaviour with video is presented based on real life experiments. An engagement model could be employed in classroom education, enhancing programming skills, reading etc. Two groups of people, independent of one another, watched eighteen video clips separately at different times. The first group's participants' eye gaze locations, right and left pupil sizes, and eye blinking patterns are recorded by a state of the art Tobii eye tracker. The second group of people who are video experts opined about the most significant attention points of the videos. A well-known bottom-up visual saliency model, Graph-Based Visual Saliency (GBVS), is also utilized to create salient points for the videos. Taking into consideration all the above mentioned descriptors the introduced behaviour analysis demonstrates the level of participants' concentration with the videos.