Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the X-Ray-emitting Gas in the Hydra A Cluster of Galaxies

The temperature and abundance structure in the intracluster medium (ICM) of the Hydra A Cluster of galaxies is studied with ASCA and ROSAT. The effect of the large extended outskirts in the point-spread function of the X-ray telescope on ASCA is included in this analysis. In the X-ray brightness profile, the strong central excess above a single β model, identified in the Einstein and ROSAT data, is also found in the harder energy band (>4 keV). A simultaneous fit of five annular spectra taken with the GIS instrument shows a radial distribution of the temperature and metal abundance. A significant central enhancement in the abundance distribution is found, while the temperature profile suggests that the ICM is approximately isothermal, with a temperature of ~3.5 keV. The ROSAT position-sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) spectrum in the central 1. ′5 region indicates a significantly lower temperature than the GIS result. A joint analysis of the GIS and PSPC data reveals that the spectra can be described by a two-temperature model as well as by a cooling flow model. In both cases, the hot-phase gas with a temperature of ~3.5 keV occupies more than 90% of the total emission measure within 1. ′5 from the cluster center. The estimated mass of the cooler (0.5-0.7 keV) component is ~(2-6) × 109 M☉, which is comparable to the mass of hot halos seen in non-cD ellipticals. The cooling flow model gives the mass deposition rate of 60 ± 30 M☉ yr-1, an order of magnitude lower than the previous estimation.
Robust Model-Free Multi-Object Tracking with Online Kernelized Structural Learning

One of the most important issues in robust visual tracking is that the method must be flexible enough to endure the inevitable changes in object appearance over time, which is the main propose of many model-free trackers. Nevertheless, existing online model-free methods typically focus on single object tracking. In this letter, we propose a novel multi-object tracker based on online structured learning which allows us to learn a uniform structural classifier from training samples of all objects. We then derive a novel online updating dual form to facilitate efficient non-linear kernels. By formulating a direct online structured learning method for classifying multiple objects, we build a framework for multi-object tracking, where single object tracking is its special case. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed multiple object tracker outperforms most current state-of-the-art methods.
A quantitative comparison of corrective and perfective maintenance

This paper presents a quantitative comparison of corrective and perfective software maintenance activities. The comparison utilizes basic data collected throughout the maintenance process. The data collected are extensive and allow the impact of both types of maintenance to be quantitatively evaluated and compared. Basic statistical techniques test relationships between and among process and product data. The results show interesting similarities and important differences in both process and product characteristics.
Physical modeling of the guqin - a Chinese string instrument

This paper discusses acoustical properties and proposes a sound synthesis model for the plucked stringed instrument called guqin. The guqin is an ancient Chinese musical instrument with seven strings. The strings are plucked with the right hand while the left hand pushes the strings against the top plate of the body. In the playing of the instrument, slides and flageolet tones are an important part of the expression of the instrument. The instrument disappeared almost completely during the cultural revolution, but it has began a revival and now there are already thousands of players. A database of tones was recorded in anechoic conditions. The acoustic signal analysis and the model is based on these signals. The sound synthesis model is based on the digital waveguide technique. The physical model takes into account the most vital parts of the characteristics of the instrument.
Using Thesaurus-Based Tag Clouds to Improve Test-Driven Code Search

Test-driven code search (TDCS) is an approach to code search and reuse that uses test cases as inputs to form the search query. Together with the test cases that provide more semantics to the search task, keywords taken from class and method names are still required. Therefore, the effectiveness of the approach also relies on how good these keywords are, i.e., how frequently they are chosen by developers to name the desired functions. To help users choose adequate words in their query test cases, visual aids can be used. In this paper we propose thesaurus-based tag clouds to show developers terms that are more frequently used in the code repository to improve their search. Terms are generated by looking up words similar to the initial keywords on a thesaurus. Tag clouds are then formed based on the frequency in which these terms appear in the code base. Our approach was implemented with an English thesaurus as an extension to CodeGenie, a Java- and Eclipse-based TDCS tool. Our evaluation shows that the approach can help improve the number of returned results. We also noticed the visual aid can be especially useful for non-native speakers of the language in which the code repository is written. These users are frequently unaware of the most common terms used to name specific functionality in the code, in the given language.
Dynamically Optimize Multicast Tree Structure

Live-streaming applications based on overlay multicast have become very popular recently. There have been many studies on optimizing the overlay construction and improving multicast performance. Most of these studies focused on building period of overlay network or multicast tree. It is not flexible in the heterogeneous and variable Internet environment. In this paper, we present DOMT, an overlay multicast protocol in which the multicast tree can be optimized dynamically. In DOMT, high capability peers get better position in the tree and more peers get near peers as their parents. Most of the previous protocols didn 't consider dynamic optimization because its bad impact to stability. In DOMT, we design some mechanisms to avoid the bad impact. The experimental results show that the optimization can decrease the height of multicast tree and shorten the average source-to-end delay. It also proves that the bad impact made by the optimization is acceptable
Curb reconstruction using Conditional Random Fields

This paper presents a generic framework for curb detection and reconstruction in the context of driver assistance systems. Based on a 3D point cloud, we estimate the parameters of a 3D curb model, incorporating also the curb adjacent surfaces, e.g. street and sidewalk. We apply an iterative two step approach. First, the measured 3D points, e.g., obtained from dense stereo vision, are assigned to the curb adjacent surfaces using loopy belief propagation on a Conditional Random Field. Based on this result, we reconstruct the surfaces and in particular the curb. Our system is not limited to straight-line curbs, i.e. it is able to deal with curbs of different curvature and varying height. The proposed algorithm runs in real-time on our demonstrator vehicle and is evaluated in urban real-world scenarios. It yields highly accurate results even for low curbs up to 20m distance.
A survey of QoS routing solutions for mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the provision of quality of service (QoS) guarantees is much more challenging than in wireline networks, mainly due to node mobility, multihop communications, contention for channel access, and a lack of central coordination. QoS guarantees are required by most multimedia and other time- or error-sensitive applications. The difficulties in the provision of such guarantees have limited the usefulness of MANETs. However, in the last decade, much research attention has focused on providing QoS assurances in MANET protocols. The QoS routing protocol is an integral part of any QoS solution since its function is to ascertain which nodes, if any, are able to serve applications¿ requirements. Consequently, it also plays a crucial role in data session admission control. This document offers an up-to-date survey of most major contributions to the pool of QoS routing solutions for MANETs published in the period 1997¿2006. We include a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources, and factors affecting performance and classify the protocols found in the literature. We also summarize their operation and describe their interactions with the medium access control (MAC) protocol, where applicable. This provides the reader with insight into their differences and allows us to highlight trends in protocol design and identify areas for future research.
A new algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields

in F[t]. There are two standard methods; one is due to E. Berlekamp, the other appears to be a "folk method". Both are described by D. Knuth in [3, pp. 381-397]. Further improvements, for special values of q, are given by R. Moenck in [5J. See also E. Berlekamp [1]. (Note that both methods as described in the references apply only when d = 1, however, straightforward modifications, described below, allow d > 1.) Both methods use the calculation of resultants (or equivalently the solution of linear equations) to reduce the problem to finding the roots of a polynomial which has all of its roots in F. When p is very small, probabilistic methods are used. An improvement to the "folk method" method, along with a more explicit calculation of the work required, has recently been given by M. Rabin [6]. We present here a new probabilistic method which, when combined with the above algorithms, avoids the need for both resultants and linear equations. It leads to algorithms which are conceptually simpler than previous methods. Moreover, it works equally well for all finite fields F, regardless of the magnitude of q. When used for factoring a quadratic x2 a, it reduces to Berlekamp's algorithm. Other standard algorithms for factoring quadratics are due to D. H. Lehmer [4] and D. Shanks [7]. Our algorithm is also suitable for finding solutions of polynomial equations over finite fields.
Experience Report: Model-Based Test Automation of a Concurrent Flight Software Bus

Many systems make use of concurrent tasks, however it is often difficult to test concurrent design. Therefore, many test cases are simplified and do not fully test all concurrency aspects of the system. We encountered this problem when analyzing test cases for concurrent flight software at NASA. To address this problem, we developed and evaluated a model based testing (MBT) technique for testing of concurrent systems. Using MBT, the tester creates a model, which is based on the requirements of the system under test (SUT), and lets the computer generate innumerable test cases automatically from the model. We evaluate the effectiveness of the technique using Microsoft's Spec Explorer MBT tool. We apply the technique on NASA's Core Flight Software (cFS) software bus module API, which is based on a concurrent publisher-subscriber architecture style and is a safety-critical system. We describe how we created a test automation architecture for testing concurrent inter-task communication as carried out by the software bus. We also investigate the type of issues the technique for testing of concurrent systems can find as well as what degree of code coverage it can achieve.
Proactive Coping as a Mediator of the Relationship between Optimism and Self-Esteem

Introduction Most studies concluded that optimism was positively associated with psychological well-being, (Chang, 1998; Lai, 2009). However, Robins and Beer (2001) also found that optimism was associated with decreasing levels of self-esteem over time. Therefore, further clarification of the relationship between optimism and self-esteem and the underlying processes between them is needed (Carver et al., 2010; Scheier & Carver, 1992).
Stringy profiles of gauge field tadpoles near orbifold singularities: II. field theoretical implications

Recent work has provided a direct string calculation of the internal coordinate dependence of gauge field tadpoles on the orbifold 3/3. We investigate the structure of these profiles in momentum and coordinate space representations using both analytical and numerical methods. The twisted states are determined to be localized within a few string lengths of the singularity. This provides an example of how delta-like singularities, which are typical for field theories on orbifolds, are avoided in string theory. A systematic expansion of the full string result allows us to speculate on how the leading stringy effects can be incorporated in a field theoretical description. In one heterotic model, we find that even though tachyons are not present in the physical spectrum, they totally dominate the tadpole profile in the vicinity of the fixed point.
Ieee Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing towards a Unification of Information Theoretic Learning and Kernel Methods

' In this paper, we discuss a n intriguing relationship between information theoretic learning (ITL), based o n Parzen window density estimation, a n d kernel-based learning algorithms. We show that some of the widely used ITL cost functions, when estimated by the P a r z e n m e t h o d , can be expressed i n terms of inner products in a kernel feature space defined hy a Mercer kernel, where the Mercer kernel, in fact, is the Parzen window. This link gives a theoretical criterion for the selection of the Mercer kernel, based on density estimation. Also, we show that the s u p p o r t vec-t o r machine (SVM), as a n example of a well-known kernel-based learning algorithm, can be examined in a n information theoretic framework, using weighted Parzen windows for density estimation.
Poster: Avoiding Rollback Traffic during the Switch of Snapshot Routing in Cyclic Mobile Networks

In this paper, we propose a rollback traffic avoidance method for the snapshot routing in cyclic mobile networks. Since the snapshot routing tables are switched simultaneously, part of the traffic may be sent back on some links if the new routing path contains the same links but with reversed forwarding direction against the old one. Since the selection of routing paths to avoid the rollback traffic is NP-hard, we propose an approximate algorithm called Inter-Snapshot Rollback Traffic Avoidance (ISRTA), to pursuit the approximate optimal solutions. Evaluation is performed based on the typical cyclic mobile network -- Iridium satellite system, and the simulation results show that our method can efficiently eliminate the rollback paths and traffic in the Iridium system.
A supplement to sampling-based methods for query size estimation in a database system

Sampling-based methods for estimating relation sizes after relational operators such as selections, joins and projections have been intensively studied in recent years. Methods of this type can achieve high estimation accuracy and efficiency. Since the dominating overhead involved in a sampling-based method is the sampling cost, different variants of sampling methods are proposed so as to minimize the sampling percentage (thus reducing the sampling cost) while maintaining the estimation accuracy in terms of the confidence level and relative error (to be precisely defined later in Section 2). In order to determine the minimal sampling percentage, the overall characteristics of the data such as the mean and variance are needed. Currently, the representative sampling-based methods in literature are based on the assumption that overall characteristics of data are unavailable, and thus a significant amount of effort is dedicated to estimating these characteristics so as to approach the optimal (minimal) sampling percentage. The estimation for these characteristics incurs cost as well as suffers the estimation error. In this short essay, we point out that the exact values of these characteristics of data can be kept track of in a database system at a negligible overhead. As a result, the minimal sampling percentage while ensuring the specified relative error and confidence level can be precisely determined.
Non-Convex Weighted Schatten p-Norm Minimization based ADMM Framework for Image Restoration

—Since the matrix formed by nonlocal similar patches in a natural image is of low rank, the nuclear norm minimization (NNM) has been widely used for image restoration. However, NNM tends to over-shrink the rank components and treats the different rank components equally, thus limits its capability and ﬂexibility. This paper proposes a new approach for image restoration based ADMM framework via non-convex weighted Schatten p -norm minimization (WSNM). To make the proposed model tractable and robust, we have developed the alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM) framework to solve the proposed non-convex model. Experimental results on image deblurring and image inpainting have shown that the proposed approach outperforms many current state-of-the-art methods in both of PSNR and visual perception.
Autonomous cruise control of car using LQR and H2 control algorithm

This paper describes a modeling and controlling of autonomous cruise control of autonomous car using bond graph modeling. We developed model using bond graph formulation by incorporating actuator dynamics and finally state space representation. We later subjected this model to robust control theory to modify the nominal model to standard format used for parametric uncertainty. We finally synthesized using LQR and H2 control technique and compared the results of a feedback system.
A methodology for empirical analysis of permission-based security models and its application to android

Permission-based security models provide controlled access to various system resources. The expressiveness of the permission set plays an important role in providing the right level of granularity in access control. In this work, we present a methodology for the empirical analysis of permission-based security models which makes novel use of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm of Kohonen (2001). While the proposed methodology may be applicable to a wide range of architectures, we analyze 1,100 Android applications as a case study. Our methodology is of independent interest for visualization of permission-based systems beyond our present Android-specific empirical analysis. We offer some discussion identifying potential points of improvement for the Android permission model attempting to increase expressiveness where needed without increasing the total number of permissions or overall complexity.
A toolkit for women: the mis(sed) management of gender in resource industries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the extent to which work on how to manage gender in resource industries fails to draw on the body of knowledge which explores gender in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores the efficacy of a recently published toolkit within the context of the current debate about gender in resource industries (such as mining, and oil and gas). Findings – The Australian Human Rights Commission’s toolkit speaks to this debate, but fails to analyse existing strategies to deal with the “gender problem”; it simply repeats them as successful examples of what to do. The authors of the toolkit also fail to ask a question which is fundamental to the success of any intervention into gender: what is the definition of “gender” on which the work is based? Originality/value – The debate about gender in resource industries fails to take into consideration contemporary ideas about gender as they have appeared in academic research and human practice.
Acceptability of background noise amongst children diagnosed with an auditory processing disorder

Objectives: Children with an Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) have difficulty hearing in background noise despite normal-hearing thresholds. The acceptable noise level (ANL) test assesses an individual's acceptance to background noise while listening to running speech. It was hypothesized that children with APD would have larger than normal ANL scores (poorer acceptance of background noise). Methods: This is a comparative study with a control group. Thirty-two children were tested for APD and placed into 1 of 3 groups according to their history of suspected APD, their test results and normative data, ‘APD’ (n = 14) ‘pass-APD’ (n = 10) and a group of children for whom no hearing problems had been reported by teachers or caregivers ‘norm’ (n = 8). Each child was assessed using the ANL test as well as a comprehensive behavioral APD test battery. Results: Children diagnosed with APD had significantly larger ANL scores than other children (P < 0.05). The ANL was significantly correlated with scores on a Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Random Gap Detection Task (RGDT). Significant interactions of group by age and group by memory were found for the ANL. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a strong relationship between low acceptance of background noise and some APD tests. We suggest that determination of sound acceptance at time of entry to school using a simple test such as the ANL would assist in early discovery of childrens’ listening needs.
What do parents teach their children? – The effects of parental involvement on student performance in Dutch compulsory education

Abstract Theory and evidence indicate that, if family size grows, the younger children will get less parental involvement than the older children. These differences in parental involvement through birth order may impact academic achievement if, and only if, parental involvement is an important determinant of children’s educational attainment. The oldest child then benefits the most in terms of educational outcomes. Estimates for the Netherlands show a robust negative relationship between birth order and parental involvement, and significant positive medium to large effects of parental involvement through birth order on various measures of academic achievement. Furthermore, our findings indicate that academic achievement is rooted in a school-supportive home climate, and often created by the mother. However, when it comes to math performance and grade retention, it is better that both parents unduly interfere with school. We also find that parents with low socio-economic status and from immigrant families are as much involved in the education of their children as the average Dutch family, but their involvement is less effective in terms of children’s learning outcomes.