Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating Perceptions of (In)Justice

Objectives: This study evaluates the malleability of judgments of procedural justice. Drawing upon various literatures, five factors are hypothesized to be related to changes in procedural justice: (1) prior judgments of procedural justice, (2) direct experiences of arrest, (3) vicarious experiences of arrest, (4) individual arrest history, and (5) age. Methods: Using 11 waves of data from the Pathways to Desistance Study (N = 1,354), multilevel models relate within-person covariates including individual, family, and peer arrests, and age to changes in procedural justice, controlling for stable, individual characteristics. Results: Judgments of procedural justice are anchored in prior perceptions. They are also a function of direct and vicarious experiences of arrests with the effect of individual arrests varying across individual arrest history. Evidence also suggests a developmental component. Age has a direct effect on judgments of procedural justice and conditions the effect of individual arrests on changes in procedural justice. Conclusions: Judgments of procedural justice are not static. Given these results, future research should continue to investigate the varying effects of other interactions with legal authorities on changes in judgments of procedural justice in order to form stronger policies aimed at increasing citizen cooperation.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: Examining the efficacy of psychological intervention using single N methodology

Psychological intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is presented using single N methodology. Psychological formulation and intervention were informed by psychological models of PTSD symptom persistence that focus on dual maintaining factors of (a) disturbance in the form of trauma autobiographical memory and (b) problematic trauma-related appraisals. Baseline assessment of difficulties related to intrusive memories, problematic trauma-related appraisals (e.g., responsibility appraisals) and associated negative emotions (e.g., anger) was followed by two phases of intervention: (1) written elaboration of the trauma memory and (2) cognitive restructuring of problematic trauma-related appraisals. Treatment produced reduction in ratings of distress in all domains and there were clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptomatology and co-morbid depression on standardized self-report measures. There were, however, differential effects of treatment components as evidenced during the sequential introduction of treatment components. These are discussed and directions for future research in the treatment of PTSD in persons with severe mental health problems are highlighted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relative safety of automated two‐unit red blood cell procedures and manual whole‐blood collection in young donors

BACKGROUND: Automated red blood cell (RBC) apheresis offers the advantage of collecting 2 units of RBCs (2RBC) from one donation, but may expose donors to procedure‐related risks. This study evaluated the relative safety of 2RBC compared to whole‐blood (WB) donation with a focus on young donors.
Neuroform Stent−Assisted Coiling of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Short- and Midterm Results from a Single-Center Experience with 68 Patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial stent placement assists in the coiling of wide-neck aneurysms and aids in reconstructing and protecting the parent artery. In this study, we analyze our experience in the use of the Neuroform system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients treated with a Neuroform stent from June 2003 to September 2007 were retrieved from a data base for analysis of population characteristics, occurrence of complications, and acute and midterm angiographic results. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients harboring 76 aneurysms located primarily in the anterior circulation were treated. There were 5 cases (6.6%) of clot formation after deployment (1 with a permanent neurologic deficit), 1 case of perioperative stent displacement with hemorrhage, and 5 cases (6.6%) of transient neurologic deficit due to thromboembolic events. The morbidity-mortality rate at discharge was 2.9%. One patient presented with a delayed in-stent thrombosis, and 3 others, with silent stenosis. Twenty-four aneurysms (31.6%) were completely occluded in the initial embolization. However, a marked increase in the occlusion rate was observed, with 44 of the 68 aneurysms (64.7%) examined at the 18-month follow-up and 26 of the 46 aneurysms (56.5%) examined in the 3-year follow-up presenting with complete occlusion. At the end of the study, a neck remnant was present in 6 aneurysms (13%) and a residual sac, in 7 (15.2%). Mean follow-up time was 25.7 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present series demonstrates the relative safety and feasibility of the Neuroform stent−assisted coiling technique, which seems to provide better results over coiling alone for wide-neck aneurysms. Angiographic results improve with time due to progressive thrombosis of the aneurysm.
Energy-efficient power allocation with spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a demanding concept for exploiting the unused spectrum bands of primary users when these spectrum bands are not currently being used. The spectrum sensing techniques in CR networks increase the energy consumption while improving the throughput of the networks, and therefore the energy saving in CR networks has attracted a lot of attention from both the government and the network operators. In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient transmit power allocation scheme in CR networks. The optimization problem is formulated as a ratio of the spectral efficiency (SE) to the total energy consumption utilized in signal transmission and spectrum sensing under a total power constraint. Next, we propose an optimal energy-efficient power allocation scheme which iteratively improve the efficiency and finally reach the optimal solution. In addition, an expression for optimal solution is derived through dual-decomposition. Simulation results are used to show the performance of the proposed transmit power allocation scheme which can greatly improve energy efficiency (EE).
Reconstruction of super-resolution lung 4D-CT using patch-based sparse representation

4D-CT plays an important role in lung cancer treatment. However, due to the inherent high-dose exposure associated with CT, dense sampling along superior-inferior direction is often not practical. As a result, artifacts such as lung vessel discontinuity and partial volume are typical in 4D-CT images and might mislead dose administration in radiation therapy. In this paper, we present a novel patch-based technique for super-resolution enhancement of the 4D-CT images along the superior-inferior direction. Our working premise is that the anatomical information that is missing at one particular phase can be recovered from other phases. Based on this assumption, we employ a patch-based mechanism for guided reconstruction of super-resolution axial slices. Specifically, to reconstruct each targeted super-resolution slice for a CT image at a particular phase, we agglomerate a dictionary of patches from images of all other phases in the 4D-CT sequence. Then we perform a sparse combination of the patches in this dictionary to reconstruct details of a super-resolution patch, under constraint of similarity to the corresponding patches in the neighboring slices. By iterating this procedure over all possible patch locations, a superresolution 4D-CT image sequence with enhanced anatomical details can be eventually reconstructed. Our method was extensively evaluated using a public dataset. In all experiments, our method outperforms the conventional linear and cubic-spline interpolation methods in terms of preserving image details and suppressing misleading artifacts.
The Diversity in the Decision Facilitates Cooperation in the Sequential Prisoner's Dilemma Game

The condition of cooperation in social conflicts of interest has been an interesting topic. On the one hand people usually desire to make their own profit. On the other hand, they mutually cooperate. This fact has motivated many researchers. Some solutions for this question have been proposed, and particular studies indicate that the diversity in decision-making or relationships promotes cooperation. In this research, we achieve the diversity by utilizing the novel method that refers to the mechanism of correction regarding each probability that every strategy comes to the representative by decision-making of group. This mechanism works when difference between the probability of the first and others becomes quite large. If once every group adopts this corrected decision, he/she achieves mutual cooperation of high level in the sequential prisoner's dilemma game in case the number of strategies (= players) is within the definite range. We also note that this game can effectively describe the property of evolution of strategy only with a small number of players. When each group has many players, in contrast to previous research, the decision with correction also has an effect on the suppression of prevalence of defection. In addition, we also show that the decision of this model is analogous to the system of redistribution of revenue, which provides balance of strength between several teams in professional sports.
Active-site mutations of diphtheria toxin: effects of replacing glutamic acid-148 with aspartic acid, glutamine, or serine.

Glutamic acid-148, an active-site residue of diphtheria toxin identified by photoaffinity labeling with NAD, was replaced with aspartic acid, glutamine, or serine by directed mutagenesis of the F2 fragment of the toxin gene. Wild-type and mutant F2 proteins were synthesized in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding enzymic fragment A moieties (DTA) were derived, purified, and characterized. The Glu----Asp (E148D), Glu----Gln (E148Q), and Glu----Ser (E148S) mutations caused reductions in NAD:EF-2 ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of ca. 100-, 250-, and 300-fold, respectively, while causing only minimal changes in substrate affinity. The effects of the mutations on NAD-glycohydrolase activity were considerably different; only a 10-fold reduction in activity was observed for E148S, and the E148D and E148Q mutants actually exhibited a small but reproducible increase in NAD-glycohydrolytic activity. Photolabeling by nicotinamide-radiolabeled NAD was diminished ca. 8-fold in the E148D mutant and was undetectable in the other mutants. The results confirm that Glu-148 plays a crucial role in the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 and imply an important function for the side-chain carboxyl group in catalysis. The carboxyl group is also important for photochemical labeling by NAD but not for NAD-glycohydrolase activity. The pH dependence of the catalytic parameters for the ADP-ribosyltransferase reaction revealed a group in DTA-wt that titrates with an apparent pKa of 6.2-6.3 and is in the protonated state in the rate-determining step. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Domain Ontology Management Environment

Service-oriented business-to-business e-commerce requires dynamic and open interoperable information systems. Although most large organisations have information regarding products, services and customers stored in databases, and XML/DTD allows these to be published over the Internet, sharing information among these systems has been prevented by semantic heterogeneity. True electronic commerce will not happen until the semantics of the terms used to model these information systems can be captured and processed by computers. Developing a machine processable ontology (vocabulary) is intrinsically hard. The semantics of a term varies from one context to another. We believe ontology engineering will be a major effort of any future application development. In this paper we describe our work on building a Domain Ontology Management Environment (DOME). DOME is developing techniques for ontology-based information content description and a suite of tools for domain ontology management. Information content description extends traditional meta data to an ontology. This makes it possible to dynamically find relevant data sources based on content and to integrate them as needed.
Time-of-Day Effects on Anaerobic Muscular Power in a Moderately Warm Environment

This study evaluated the influence of a neutral vs. a moderately warm environment on the diurnal variation in muscular power. Twelve male subjects [27.0 (±4) years] performed two different jump tests [a squat jump (SJ) and a counter-movement jump (CMJ)] and a brief maximal sprint on cycle ergometer (CS) in four different conditions (morning/neutral, morning/moderately warm and humid, afternoon/neutral, and afternoon/moderately warm and humid). The morning experiments were conducted between 07:00 and 09:00 h, and the afternoon experiments were conducted between 17:00 and 19:00 h. The mean laboratory temperatures and humidity were 20 (±1)°C, 70 (±5)% and 29 (±1)°C, 57 (±4)% for the neutral and moderately warm and humid conditions, respectively. Rectal temperature and leg skin temperature were significantly dependent on both time-of-day and ambient temperature. An interaction effect (P < 0.05) was noted between time-of-day and ambient temperature for the power developed for the CMJ, the SJ, and half of a pedal revolution during the cycling sprint. In summary, (i) the same subjects were influenced by time-of-day differently, depending on the ambient temperature during testing; (ii) time-of-day affected muscular performance only in the neutral condition, (iii) the moderately warm and humid condition blunted the diurnal variation in muscular performance, and (iv) the effect of the ambient temperature was dependent on time-of-day.
Hytrace: A Hybrid Approach to Performance Bug Diagnosis in Production Cloud Infrastructures

Server applications running inside production cloud infrastructures are prone to various performance problems (e.g., software hang, performance slowdown). When those problems occur, developers often have little clue to diagnose those problems. In this paper, we present Hytrace, a novel hybrid approach to diagnosing performance problems in production cloud infrastructures. Hytrace combines rule-based static analysis and runtime inference techniques to achieve higher bug localization accuracy than pure-static and pure-dynamic approaches for performance bugs. Hytrace does not require source code and can be applied to both compiled and interpreted programs such as C/C++ and Java. We conduct experiments using real performance bugs from seven commonly used server applications in production cloud infrastructures. The results show that our approach can significantly improve the performance bug diagnosis accuracy compared to existing diagnosis techniques.
Functional 3-D PDMS microchannels having slanted grooves embedded walls realizing spiral flow

This paper presents the functional three-dimensional microchannels whose top and side walls have slanted micro-grooves. These microchannels could generate short pitch spiral flow for efficient chaotic mixing. We proposed a novel fabrication method of the 3-D SU-8 molds using 2 step inclined backside exposures and additional 2 step topside exposures. Since liquid in the channel flows along the grooves on the walls, optimum design of the pitch and placement of the slanted grooves enables efficient spiral flows in the channel.
An Initial Validation of Developmental Assessment Centers as Accurate Assessments and Effective Training Interventions

This article takes a critical look at the various forms of validity evidence that can be marshaled to support the effectiveness of a developmental assessment center (DAC) program. Using the holistic view of validity (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & American Council on Measurement in Education, 1999; Binning & Barrett, 1989; Messick, 1998; Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2003) as well as Kirkpatrick's (1976) taxonomy of training outcomes, we discuss how DACs can be validated in terms of both their assessment accuracy and their effectiveness as training interventions. Types of evidence include appropriate content; internal structure; relationships with other variables; social consequences; and reactions, learning, behavioral, and results criteria. Evidence from many of these categories is then provided from two operational DACs. Results indicate that whereas DACs may be useful tools for developing managerial competencies, continued resea.
Self Adaptive background modeling for identifying persons' falls

This paper presents a new scheme for detecting humans' falls in highly dynamic house environments. The scheme distinguishes falls from other humans' activities, like sitting, walking, lying, under (a) sudden and abrupt illumination changes (b) non-periodic/significant motions in the background (chairs, curtains, tables), (c) humans' movements towards all possible directions across camera. In particular, we combine adaptive background models — able to capture slight modifications of the background patterns with motion-based algorithms that define with high confidence parts of an image that should be considered as foreground/background after a significant visual change. We adopt Gaussian Mixtures for the adaptive background modeling, while we propose hierarchical motion estimation algorithms implemented on selective descriptors. The algorithms are of real time and require single low cost cameras.
Nanodiamonds as vehicles for systemic and localized drug delivery

Owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and unique surface properties, nanodiamonds (NDs) are shown to be a progressively promising nanomaterial for drug delivery. In this article, NDs as a platform for a host of biomedical applications are described, with an emphasis on cancer therapy, ranging from systemic modalities to primary constituents within polymer hybrid microfilms. Experimental results and theoretical explanations of ND–drug dynamics are compared. Water-dispersion of previously insoluble therapeutics when complexed with NDs demonstrates great promise in expanding current drug delivery options. Various forms of incorporating NDs within microfilms as a localized drug release coating and implant are also discussed.
The meaning of workplace discrimination for women with disabilities.

Studies have found that persons with disabilities who are also members of other minority groups or women encounter dual discrimination (5). This paper describes how women with disabilities who are in the workplace experience discrimination. In order to determine whether discrimination was a viable issue, theoretical contexts of feminist theory, disability theory, and attribution theory were examined as well as literature examining employment of women with disabilities. For this study, three women with various disabilities were interviewed regarding the effect of their disability on their typical workday, their employment and job seeking history, and employment opportunities. Qualitative data were also provided through mapping by the participants and pictorial data of worksites. Data were grouped into themes of pre-conceived notions of others, attitudes of others, accommodation issues, inclusion issues and exploitation issues. From these themes definitions of discrimination, nondiscrimination in the workplace were developed. Conclusions include the need for more research on workplace experiences of other or more specific populations that experience discrimination as well as the need for ethical reflection on the part of the researcher regarding vulnerable populations.
A creative prototype illustrating the ambient user experience of an intelligent future factory

This article introduces user experience research that has been carried out by evaluating a video-illustrated science ﬁction prototype with process control workers. Essentially, the prototype ‘A remote operator’s day in a future control center in 2025’ was aimed at discovering opportunities for new interaction methods and ambient intelligence for the factories of the future. The theoretical objective was to carry out experience design research, which was based on explicit ambient user experience goals in the nominated industrial work context. This article describes the complete creative prototyping process, starting from the initial user research that included evaluations of current work practices, technological trend studies and co-design workshops, and concluding with user research that assessed the ﬁnal design outcome, the science ﬁction prototype. The main contribution of the article is on the ambient user experience goals, the creation process of the video-illustrated science ﬁction prototype, and on the reﬂection of how the experience-driven prototype was evaluated in two research setups: as video sequences embedded in a Web survey, and as interviews carried out with expert process control workers. For the science ﬁction prototyping process, the contribution demonstrates how the method may employ video-illustration as a means for future-oriented user experience research, and how complementary user-centered methods may be used to validate the results.
The Influence of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure

The goal of this essay is to examine the evidence relating salt intake to blood pressure in humans. Despite studies involving many thousands of subjects and patients performed in many hundreds of centers the issue remains controversial—indeed far more controversial than seems appropriate. There is little disagreement that in some animal models and in some patients with hypertension salt intake can exert a rather substantial influence. There is more controversy on the responsible mechanisms. The greatest controversy, by far, involves whether or not policy should involve a mandatory reduction in salt intake in all members of the community. The available evidence shows that the influence of salt intake is too inconsistent and generally too small to mandate policy decisions at the community level. At the level of the individual patient and that patient’s physician, it is important to recognize that salt intake can make a substantial contribution to hypertension. That contribution is more likely if the patient is old rather than young, obese rather than lean, black rather than white, has diabetes mellitus with hypertension, or has evidence of renal injury. Unfortunately, tools for assessing the sodium and chloride intake in the individual and for assessing its contribution to BP in the individual are inadequate. On the bright side, prognosis is improved substantially by the array of antihypertensive drugs available today.