Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degree‐one mantle convection: Dependence on internal heating and temperature‐dependent rheology

Geophysical and geological observations suggest that a degree‐one mantle flow pattern, consisting of one upwelling and one downwelling, may have existed at some time in the mantles of Mars, the Moon, and perhaps even for the Earth during times of supercontinent formation. Simple fluid experiments utilizing isoviscous rheologies predict shorter wavelength flow patterns, and it is therefore important to determine fluid dynamical parameter sets which lead to larger wavelength flow patterns consistent with observations. We perform a series of numerical fluid dynamics calculations in a spherical 3‐D geometry in which we vary Rayleigh number, rheological activation parameter, and the degree of internal heating in order to define which parameter choices can lead to degree‐one mantle convection. We find that increasing the degree of internal heating increases the interior temperature of the mantle which leads to a larger viscosity contrast across the top thermal boundary layer, and that degree‐one mantle flow occurs only in cases which exhibit internal heating, utilize activation coefficients which lead to 103 or higher viscosity contrasts across the mantle, and have viscosity contrasts across the top thermal boundary layer within the range of 200–3000.
Changes in intra-abdominal pressure during CABG with normovolemic hemodilution.

BACKGROUND The measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (JAP) is an important examination in the diagnostics of multiorgan failure. Elevated IAP adversely impacts renal, splanchnic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and central nervous system physiology. Therefore the measurement of IAP may be important in patients after CABG. The study analyzes LAP changes in patients undergoing surgical revascularization of the myocardium with extracorporeal circulation and normovolemic hemodilution. MATERIAL/METHODS The study encompassed 21 men. The degree of NH caused by a constant volume of priming (1800 ml) was determined on the basis of hematocrit measurements and in relation to body weight. The patients were divided into two groups according to body weight: < or =75 kg (group A) and >75 kg (group B). The observations were made in 10 stages: 1) after the induction of anesthesia, 2) during the internal thoracic artery preparation, 3) after the initiation of ECC, 4) during aorta clamping, 5) directly before the disconnection of ECC, 6) 10 minutes after ECC disconnection, 7) directly after surgery, 8) one hour after the procedure, 9) 6 hours after the procedure, and 10) 18 hours after the procedure. RESULTS Extracorporeal circulation caused a decrease in hematocrit in each patient. The CABG resulted in increased IAP in both groups, but higher in group A. A significant correlation between degree of NH and IAP in group A was noted. CONCLUSIONS 1. The extracorporeal circulation procedures cause an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. 2. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure depends on the degree of hemodilution.
Photosynthetic performance and anti-oxidative response of Cornus controversa seedlings under cadmium and lead stress

The photosynthetic efficiency of Cornus controversa leaves was decreased significantly under Cd treatment while it was not affected by Pb exposure. Cd decreased while Pb treatment increased the chlorophyll contents of Cornus controversa leaves. Furthermore, the peroxidase (GPX) activities were decreased after Cd treatment while elevated by Pb exposure in Cornus controvera seedlings. In addition, both Cd and Pb exposures increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents and elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of Cornus controvera seedlings. Collectively, these results indicated that Cornus controversa may be more tolerant to Pb than Cd toxicity. This finding will contribute to the evaluation of planting Cornus controversa in heavy metal polluted soil conditions.
Recognition of Color Objects Using Hybrids Descriptors

In this paper, the authors came up with a different approach based on the combination of the different descriptors. For object recognition, regardless of orientation, size and position, feature vectors are computed with the help of Zernike moments and Centrist descriptors. For a large data base the fact of using the classic descriptors has never been a satisfying method for perfect recognition rates. The authors deduced that the combination of descriptors can have good recognition rates, accordingthe result of a comparative study of the different descriptors and the different combinations Zernike + Centrist, Zernike + ACP, Centrist + ACP. The Zernike moment with Centrist descriptors ended up being the best hybrid description. For the recognition process, the authors opted for support vector machine SVM and Neural Networks NN. The authors illustrate the proposed method on 3D objects using representations of two-dimensional images that are taken from different angles of view are the main features leading the authors to their objective.
Kinetic evidence for a structural abnormality of lipoamide dehydrogenase in two patients with Friedreich ataxia

Two unrelated patients with Friedreich ataxia were deficient in the activity of the enzyme lipoamide dehydrogenase (LAD). The enzymes from the patients' platelets differed significantly from controls in activity, in KM for lipoamide, and in KM for NADH. The data are consistent with a structural mutation of the gene coding for LAD.
Impact of multislice computed tomography to estimate difficulty in wire crossing in percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains a challenge. Multislice computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) allows noninvasive evaluation of the coronary artery by visualizing vessel trajectory and morphological features at the occluded site. The aim of this study was to assess the value of CTCA to predict the success of guidewire crossing in PCI to treat CTOs. METHODS We performed CTCA in patients with CTOs (of > 3 months' duration); 110 lesions were scanned. Wiring success was defined as complete crossing of the guidewire past the occluded site. Correlation of the following morphological parameters with wiring success was analyzed: target vessel bending (defined as > 45 degrees), shrinkage, severe calcification, presence of side branches, stump morphology, in-stent occlusion and occlusion length. RESULTS Wiring success was obtained in 93 lesions (85%). In the unsuccessful group, bending, shrinkage and severe calcification were significantly higher compared to the successful group (76% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001; 29% vs. 4%, p = 0.0005; 41% vs. 18%, p = 0.0356, respectively). The wiring success rate was significantly lower in cases with bending, shrinkage and severe calcification (57% vs. 95%, p < 0.0001; 44% vs. 88%, p = 0.0005; 71% vs. 88%, p = 0.0356, respectively). Stump morphology, in-stent occlusion or occlusion length did not significantly affect the outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that bending, shrinkage and severe calcification remained significant independent predictors of wiring failure. CONCLUSION Bending, shrinkage and severe calcification are significant predictors for wiring success. CTCA provides a practical determinant of the outcomes in PCI to treat CTOs.
Factores sociocognitivos en el desarrollo de la iniciativa emprendedora en la educación superior universitaria

La Tesis Doctoral pretende profundizar en la responsabilidad y eficacia atribuibles a la Universidad en el estimulo del potencial empresarial de los futuros graduados superiores. Desde dicho encuadre, el modelo teorico de la investigacion da cabida a dos objetivos: i) explicar el comportamiento emprendedor del alumnado universitario a partir de las predicciones de la Teoria Social Cognitiva de Carrera que relacionan las variables sociocognitivas de autoeficacia, expectativas de resultados y metas de carrera; y ii) analizar la influencia de la formacion reglada y apoyo extracurricular a la iniciativa emprendedora en las universidades espanolas sobre tal comportamiento emprendedor, en interaccion con otras dimensiones individuales. La validacion empirica del modelo esta basada en un estudio llevado a cabo con una muestra representativa de 800 estudiantes en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Universidad de Leon a los que se administro una encuesta de autoinforme construida para los propositos de la investigacion. El tratamiento estadistico de los datos combina tecnicas de analisis factorial exploratorio, analisis descriptivos y correlacionales, MANOVA y modelado PLS, con el proposito de comprobar la validez de los modelos de medida y estructural hipotetizados. Los resultados obtenidos erigen las dinamica sociocognitiva establecida entre autoeficacia, expectativas de resultados y metas de carrera como la explicacion mas plausible en la configuracion del potencial empresarial del alumnado universitario, al tiempo que los esfuerzos curriculares y extracurriculares de las universidades en el fomento del mismo no parecen causar un efecto de gran magnitud. Tales hallazgos apuntan hacia la necesidad de reforzar el trabajo conjunto de universidades, autoridades publicas y otros agentes comunitarios en el diseno de procedimientos aplicables a la articulacion de una estrategia integrada de educacion emprendedora. El alcance de tales resultados queda supeditado a ciertas limitaciones teoricas y metodologicas que dejan la puerta abierta a nuevos trabajos en este campo.
Distributed Construction Protocols of Probabilistic Degree-Weighted Peer-to-Peer Overlays

Unstructured overlay networks are widely adopted in large-scale and heterogeneous peer-to-peer (P2P) systems for their scalability and flexibility. A distinct feature of such systems is that they randomly route messages e.g., by flooding or random walk. In such systems, the number of messages and tasks carrying by those messages each peer receives is greatly affected by the number of the peer's incoming links. The objective of this paper is to build controllable degree-weighted networks in which the expected number of incoming links of each peer is proportional to its weight which is a local parameter. In such a network, a peer can control the number of those randomly disseminated messages and tasks it receives by adjust it weight. In addition, in order to bound the construction overhead for highly biased networks, we restrict all peers to have the same number of outgoing links. The objective network is constructed by local topology transformations that peers periodically exchange outgoing links with each other. A framework, which includes 81 different protocols by combination of exchange rules, is presented and evaluated by simulation. The simulation result shows that two of them can generate the networks having similar properties with the objective network. This work first achieves the weight-proportional degree control under the out-regular network model.
Compact Indexing and Judicious Searching for Billion-Scale Microblog Retrieval

In this article, we study the problem of efficient top-k disjunctive query processing in a huge microblog dataset. In terms of compact indexing, we categorize the keywords into rare terms and common terms based on inverse document frequency (idf) and propose tailored block-oriented organization to save memory consumption. In terms of fast searching, we classify the queries into three types based on term category and judiciously design an efficient search algorithm for each type. We conducted extensive experiments on a billion-scale Twitter dataset and examined the performance with both simple and more advanced ranking functions. The results showed that with much smaller index size, our search algorithm achieves a factor of 2--3 times faster speedup over state-of-the-art solutions in both ranking scenarios.
Maedi-Visna virus infection in a Merino lamb with nervous signs

A Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) infection was diagnosed in a 10-month-old lamb from a Turkish flock. The animal suddenly showed nervous signs and died within 2 days. At necropsy, different pulmonary and nervous lesions were observed. A Coenurus cerebralis cyst was also present in the right-brain hemisphere. Severe nonpurulent meningoencephalitis and lymphoproliferative pneumonia were detected by histopathology. MVV proviral DNA was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples collected from the brain and the lungs. This unusual report in a young animal confirms that not only adult sheep but also lambs can develop MVV disease. The hypothesis that concurrent nervous and pulmonary diseases increase the severity of the lesions due to MVV and reduce the incubation time should be better evaluated.
Maturation and Differentiation of the Fetal Vasculature

Rapid postnatal growth and differentiation of fetal arterial smooth muscle is coordinated by a cacophony of growth factors, one of the most important of which is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In fetal arterial smooth muscle, VEGF influences both the expression and intracellular organization of contractile proteins and helps mediate hypoxic vascular remodeling. Numerous factors influence the expression of VEGF and its receptors, including chronic hypoxia, maternal food restriction, glucocorticoids, and miRNA. Continued study of the coupling between VEGF and transcription factors such as myocardin that govern smooth muscle differentiation, offers great promise for better clinical management of neonates at risk for cardiovascular dysregulation.
Semi-Supervised Event-related Tweet Identification with Dynamic Keyword Generation

Twitter provides us a convenient channel to get access to the immediate information about major events. However, it is challenging to acquire a clean and complete set of event-related data due to the characteristics of tweets, eg short and noisy. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised method to obtain high quality event-related tweets from Twitter stream, in terms of precision and recall. Specifically, candidate event-related tweets are selected based on a set of keywords. We propose to generate and update these keywords dynamically along the event development. To be included in this keyword set, words are evaluated based on single word properties, property based on co-occurred words, and changes of word importance over time. Our solution is capable of capturing keywords of emerging aspects or aspects with increasing importance along event evolvement. By leveraging keyword importance information and a few labeled tweets, we propose a semi-supervised expectation maximization process to identify event-related tweets. This process significantly reduces human effort in acquiring high quality tweets. Experiments on three real world datasets show that our solution outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by up to 10% in F1 measure.
Platelet and red blood cell indices in Harris platelet syndrome

Inherited thrombocytopenias, including inherited giant platelet disorders (IGPD) or macro thrombocytopenias are relatively rare, but their prevalence is likely underestimated from complexities of diagnosis and a spectrum of subclinical phenotypes. Harris platelet syndrome (HPS) is the most common IGPD reported from the Indian subcontinent. Of note there are an increased number of hemoglobinopathies reported from the geographic location. We analysed red blood cell and platelet indices of blood donors with HPS from the north eastern part of India and compared them with blood indices of blood donors of south India. We found a statistically significant lower platelet count in blood donors with HPS (median, range) 132 (71–267) vs. 252 (160–478) as compared to donors from south India (P < 0.001). Mean platelet volume (MPV) was higher in donors with HPS 13.1, (range 12–21.9 fl) as compared to donors from south India 7.35 (range 6–9.2 fl) (P < 0.001). This study showed that blood donors with HPS had a low median platelet bio-mass 0.17 (0.10–0.38%) vs. 0.19 (0.13–0.28%) in donors from south India. The platelet distribution width (PDW) was 17.4 (14.9–19.6) in donors with HPS vs. 16.38 (15.2–18.5) in south Indian blood donors (P < 0.001). Thirty-three donors with HPS had a normal platelet count with MPV more than 12 fL. Only donors with HPS had giant platelets and thrombocytopenia on peripheral blood smear examination. None of these donors had Dohle body inclusion in their leukocytes. Compared to donors from south India, donors with HPS had a significantly lower hemoglobin 13.8 (12–16.3 gm/dL) vs. 14.8 (12–18) respectively (P < 0.001) while red distribution width (RDW) was higher in HPS 13.6 (11.5–16.7) vs. 12.8 (11.4–15.1). However we did not find any statistically significant difference in MCV, MCH, MCHC between the two groups. Peripheral blood smear did not show any obvious abnormal red blood cell morphology. In the blood donors with HPS we found a statistically higher MPV, RDW and a lower platelet count and platelet biomass. A population-based study will be helpful in determining the existence of any hemoglobinopathies among subjects with HPS.
Potential follow-up increases private contributions to public goods

Significance Reputational concern is one reason people perform behaviors that are good for society but have little benefit for individuals (e.g., energy efficiency, donation, recycling, voting). In order for a behavior to influence reputations, it must be observable. However, many strategies for encouraging these behaviors involve communicating privately and impersonally (e.g., mail, email, social media) with little or no observability. We report a large-scale field experiment (N = 770,946) examining a technique for harnessing the benefits of observability when encouraging these behaviors privately. Get-out-the-vote letters become substantially more effective when they say, “We may call you after the election to ask about your voting experience. ” This technique can be widely used to encourage society-benefiting behaviors. People contribute more to public goods when their contributions are made more observable to others. We report an intervention that subtly increases the observability of public goods contributions when people are solicited privately and impersonally (e.g., mail, email, social media). This intervention is tested in a large-scale field experiment (n = 770,946) in which people are encouraged to vote through get-out-the-vote letters. We vary whether the letters include the message, “We may call you after the election to ask about your voting experience. ” Increasing the perceived observability of whether people vote by including that message increased the impact of the get-out-the-vote letters by more than the entire effect of a typical get-out-the-vote letter. This technique for increasing perceived observability can be replicated whenever public goods solicitations are made in private.
[Reliability of residual internal jugular vein as the receipt vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the reliability of residual internal jugular vein as the receipt vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region. METHODS Sixteen cases of head and neck reconstruction using the end-to-side anastomosis to the residual internal jugular vein were reviewed. RESULTS There were 11 radial forearm flaps, 3 fibular flaps, one jejunal flap, and one abdominis myocutaneous flap. The vascular pedicles of all free flaps have enough length to reach the site of residual internal jugular vein for anastomosis without the need of vein grafting. All the free flaps survived completely, without postoperative vessel thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS End-to-side anastomosis to the residual internal jugular vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region is safe and reliable.
With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World

Preface Introduction The Ancient East Civilized War The Egyptians The Chariot People The Egyptian Empire Balance of Power The Hebrews The Assyrians The Medes and Chaldaeans The Persians The Greeks The Greek Way of War "Go Tell the Spartans" The Peloponnesian (Archidamian) War The Peloponnesian (Decelean) War The Demise of Hoplite Warfare Philip and the Macedonians Alexander the Great Into India and Beyond The East India: Chandragupta China: Spring and Autumn China: The Warring States China: The Former Han China: The Later Han The Parthians The Roman Republic The Development of the Roman System Hannibal The Conquest of the Mediterranean The Breakdown of the Roman System Julius Caesar The Roman Empire The Creation of the Empire The Army of Trajan The Ascendancy of the Army The Awful Third Century Reform and Revolution The Fall of Rome
A self configuring fuzzy Active Queue Management controller in heterogeneous networks

To achieve self configuring of Active Queue Management based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), we propose a Fuzzy Adaptive Active Queue Management Controller (FAAQMC). FAAQMC eliminates buffer overflow by adapting the buffer size to the required queue length with a control cycle time shorter than the mean inter-arrival time of a burst. This makes FAAQMC suitable to manage invariant burstiness or self-similar network traffic.
Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions to Some Homogeneous Second-Order Evolution Equations of Monotone Type

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the second-order evolution equation a.e. ,, where is a maximal monotone operator in a real Hilbert space with nonempty, and and are real-valued functions with appropriate conditions that guarantee the existence of a solution. We prove a weak ergodic theorem when is the subdifferential of a convex, proper, and lower semicontinuous function. We also establish some weak and strong convergence theorems for solutions to the above equation, under additional assumptions on the operator or the function.
Mechanisms of Inhibition of in Vitro Dimerization of HIV Type I RNA by Sense and Antisense Oligonucleotides*

Retroviruses display a strong selective pressure to maintain the dimeric nature of their genomic RNAs, suggesting that dimerization is essential for viral replication. Recently, we identified the cis-element required for initiation of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) RNA dimerization in vitro. The dimerization initiation site (DIS) is a hairpin structure containing a self-complementary sequence in the loop. We proposed that dimerization is initiated by a loop-loop kissing interaction involving the self-complementary sequence present in each monomer. We tested the ability of sense and antisense oligonucleotides targeted against the DIS to interfere with a preformed viral RNA dimer. Self-dimerization and inhibition properties of the tested oligonucleotides are dictated by the nature of the loop. An RNA loop is absolutely required in the case of sense oligonucleotides, whereas the nature and the sequence of the stem is not important. They form reversible loop-loop interactions and act as competitive inhibitors. Antisense oligonucleotides are less efficient in self-dimerization and are more potent inhibitors than sense oligonucleotides. They are less sensitive to the nature of the loop than the antisense oligonucleotides. Antisense hairpins with either RNA or DNA stems are able to form highly stable and irreversible complexes with viral RNA, resulting from complete extension of base pairing initiated by loop-loop interaction.