Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model Based Spatial Data Mining for Power Markets

In this paper, we use model-driven data mining techniques to address the issue of realistically assigning service areas to electrical power substations as well as placing substations in a synthetic city. In model based analysis, a system’s state variables and domain knowledge are used to determine the details about the processes underlying the system behavior. This research is motivated by the problems encountered during the development of a simulation framework aimed at analyzing the deregulated electricity markets [1]. In order to construct simulation based models for representing deregulated electrical markets, one needs to assign service areas to electrical substations. In the absence of public availability of data on the service areas, one has to construct a model that maps the consumer nodes to the substations in a way that is economically and physically feasible. Physical feasibility implies that the grid should be able to deliver electricity from the source nodes to the sink nodes as defined by the market. If the economically cleared contracts cannot be carried out on the grid, one may have to reassign the service areas in such a way that the grid is able to perform physical clearing. This reassignment of service areas requires domain knowledge as well as acquired knowledge from running different models. This research outlines some of the models that have been considered to determine the optimal assignment of service areas. A high level of service reliability is important in general but especially during disaster recovery and restoration. When electrical systems go down, one needs to be able to estimate the time varying load in order to carry out restoration tasks. Simulation frameworks that can dynamically change service areas during disaster preparedness and contingency management is critical to emergency planners. Some of the work shown in this paper is also driven by the need to build a virtual city with all the critical infrastructures including electrical infrastructure. One of the tasks was to determine the placement of the generators and substations with respect to the buildings in the city. We use model based spatial data mining methods to examine Port-
Api-Tourism as added-value : the case of La Ruta de la Miel in Chile

95% of all honey produced in Chile is exported as a bulk commodity. This means that more than 10,000 individual beekeepers from around the country are combining together their product, homogenizing it, irradiating it, and selling it to middlemen who sell it at a fluctuating world price. At the same time a terroir culture is developing around honey, meaning that increasingly consumers place value on the individual flavors and characteristics that make honey such a placebased olfactory experience. To investigate the theme of added-value in honeys, I use the case study of the O’Higgins region of central Chile. My qualitative methods complimented an ongoing project to quantify and certify the specific properties of the region’s honeys. Specifically, I examined the possibility for api-tourism; a tourist route based on different honey types and consumer interactions with artisanal beekeepers in the rural countryside. I found that there is a strong possibility for success based on existing natural and cultural resources and stakeholder interest. The end result was a proposal for further action, including an interactive map and marketing concept for a regional honey brand. Katharine Shiffler La Ruta de la Miel
A minimax method with application to the initial vector coding problem

We consider the problem Formula math. where ∫ 1 . , ∫ m : R n - R n are (generally nonlinear) differentiable functions, Ω ⊂ R n and n, m can be large. We introduce a new algorithm for solving this problem that can be implemented in rather modest computer environments. The new method is based on a fast one-dimensional newtonian procedure applied to the objective value of an auxiliary function. We report numerical experiments, which suggest that the new algorithm, combined with a powerful strategy for minimization on spheres, can be an effective tool for solving initial vector coding problems.
User involvement: A review of the benefits and challenges

User involvement is a widely accepted principle in development of usable systems. However, it is a vague concept covering many approaches. This study first clarifies the nature of user involvement and its expected benefits, and secondly reviews three streams of research, to evaluate the benefits and problems of varied user involvement approaches in practice. The particular focus of this study is on the early activities in the development process. An analysis of the literature suggests that user involvement has generally positive effects, especially on user satisfaction, and some evidence exists to suggest that taking users as a primary information source is an effective means of requirements capture. However, the role of users must be carefully considered and more cost-efficient practices are needed for gathering users' implicit needs and requirements in real product development contexts.
Joint Power and Channel Resource Allocation for Two-User Orthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Cooperation

We consider the jointly optimal allocation of the radio resources for a two-user orthogonal amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperation scheme. In particular, we derive a simple efficient algorithm for determining the power and channel resource allocations required to operate at any point on the boundary of the achievable rate region. The algorithm is based on two results derived herein: a closed-form solution for the optimal power allocation for a given channel resource allocation; and the fact that the channel resource allocation problem is quasiconvex. The structure of the optimal power allocation reveals that at optimality at most one user acts as a relay, and hence a fraction of the channel resource will be idle. We propose a modified orthogonal AF cooperation scheme that uses the channel resources more efficiently and hence provides a larger achievable rate region.
Adding incentives to file-sharing systems

Modern peer-to-peer file sharing systems rely heavily on the willingness of users to distribute files to others. A selfish user can choose to download a file and consume resources without uploading in return. This form of free-riding plagues all currently deployed peer-to-peer systems. We present a novel protocol for a BitTorrent-like system (i.e., one in which only one file is being shared) that strongly discourages users from downloading a file without sharing it. Our protocol requires very little computation, and can easily be implemented in today's peer-to-peer systems. It is resistant to all forms of manipulation, including the use of multiple free identities, and does not require any coordination among seeds. We analyze our protocol and show that if downloading peers are rational, a new system equilibrium is reached in which all peers upload at least some percentage of the file they are given.
Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Mature Spermatozoa of Mouse

We show here that a reverse transcriptase (RT) activity is present in murine epididymal spermatozoa. Sperm cells incubated with human poliovirus RNA can take up exogenous RNA molecules and internalize them in nuclei. Direct PCR amplification of DNA extracted from RNA-incubated spermatozoa indicate that poliovirus RNA is reverse-transcribed in cDNA fragments. PCR analysis of two-cell embryos shows that poliovirus RNA-challenged spermatozoa transfer retrotranscribed cDNA molecules into eggs during in vitro fertilization. Finally, RT molecules can be visualized on sperm nuclear scaffolds by immunogold electron microscopy. These results, therefore, reveal a novel metabolic function in spermatozoa, which may play a role during early embryonic development.
DYNAMIC OUTPUT CONTROLLER MPC VIA LMI

This paper extends some previous work on state feedback Model Predictive Control (MPC) to dynamic output-feedback in MPC methodology. The controller is updated at each sampling time by minimizing an upper bound of an infinite horizon quadratic cost. The optimization problem and its associated constraints, on input and output, are expressed by LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality). Only measurable output and a priori fixed range values of the non measurable states, are used to determine the controller. Stability of the closed loop system is proven. An extension to the robust case is discussed. Copyright © 2005 IFAC
World population in 2050: assessing the projections

This paper will review some population projections for the United States, the world, and selected major regions. The total population size, the youth dependency ratio, the elderly dependency ratio, and the total dependency ratio will receive most attention. The underlying assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and migration will be reviewed. Projections from different sources will be compared where possible.
MULTIGRID METHOD FOR A MODIFIED CURVATURE DRIVEN DIFFUSION MODEL FOR IMAGE INPAINTING

Digital inpainting is a fundamental problem in image processing and many variational models for this problem have appeared recently in the literature. Among them are the very successfully Total Variation (TV) model [11] designed for local inpainting and its improved version for large scale inpainting: the Curvature-Driven Diffusion (CDD) model [10]. For the above two models, their associated Euler Lagrange equations are highly nonlinear partial differential equations. For the TV model there exists a relatively fast and easy to implement fixed point method, so adapting the multigrid method of [24] to here is immediate. For the CDD model however, so far only the well known but usually very slow explicit time marching method has been reported and we explain why the implementation of a fixed point method for the CDD model is not straightforward. Consequently the multigrid method as in [Savage and Chen, Int. J. Comput. Math., 82 (2005), pp. 1001-1015] will not work here. This fact represents a strong limitation to the range of applications of this model since usually fast solutions are expected. In this paper, we introduce a modification designed to enable a fixed point method to work and to preserve the features of the original CDD model. As a result, a fast and efficient multigrid method is developed for the modified model. Numerical experiments are presented to show the very good performance of the fast algorithm.
Cramer-Rao bound for channel estimation errors in space-time coding and modulation

A simple model for analysing channel estimation errors in space-time coding and modulation was constructed, and the Cramer-Rao bound expression for channel estimation errors was derived. It was also proved that the Cramer-Rao bound derived in the paper was a general and tight bound, as compared with the one given in the reported results of channel estimation errors. Moreover, the influence of channel estimation errors on the bit-error performance of space-time block coding and modulation was simulated by the Monte Carlo method showing that the losses of the performance caused by the channel estimation errors within the above Cramer-Rao bound are the minima in the losses of bit-error performance caused by all the channel estimation errors. This conclusion accorded with the analytical result in theory.
A comparative study of Gaussian Graphical Model approachesfor genomic data

The inference of networks of dependencies by Gaussian Graphical Models on high-throughput data is an open issue in modern molecular biology. In this paper we provide a comparative study of three methods to obtain small sample and high dimension estimates of partial correlation coefficients: the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse (PINV), residual correlation (RCM) and covarianceregularized method (2C ). We first compare them on simulated datasets and we find that PINV is less stable in terms of AUC performance when the number of variables changes. The two regularized methods have comparable performances but 2C is much faster than RCM. Finally, we present the results of an application of 2C for the inference of a gene network for isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Fractal Correlations in the CfA2-South Redshift Survey

We report our analysis of the properties of galaxy clustering for a new redshift sample of galaxies, the CfA2-South catalog, using statistical methods that do not rely on the assumption of homogeneity. We find that, up to ~20 h-1 Mpc, which is the largest scale to which correlation properties can be reliably inferred, the galaxy clustering is scale invariant and characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.9±0.1. Further, there is no statistical evidence for homogeneity at any of the larger scales (up to ~150 h-1 Mpc) probed more weakly by the catalog. These results mean that characteristic "correlation lengths" for the clustering of galaxies derived using standard methods of analysis are not meaningful. Further, the results are very consistent with those obtained from many other catalogs using the methods adopted here, which show the D≈2 fractal continuing to beyond 100 h-1 Mpc. The incompleteness of the relevant data conjectured by various authors to give rise to such behavior is therefore proved to have no significant effect (up to 20 h-1 Mpc) on the measured correlations.
Energy-Based Computation with Symmetric Hopfield Nets

We propose a unifying approach to the analysis of computatio n l aspects of symmetric Hopfield nets which is based on the concept of “en ergy source”. Within this framework we present different results concerning the computational power of various Hopfield model classes. It is shown that polynomialtime computations by nondeterministic Turing machines can be reduced to the proc ess of minimizing the energy in Hopfield nets (the MIN ENERGY problem). Furthermor e, external and internal sources of energy are distinguished. The external so urces include e.g. energizing inputs from so-called Hopfield languages, and also ce rtain external oscillators that prove finite analog Hopfield nets to be computationally T uring universal. On the other hand, the internal source of energy can be implemented by a symmetric clock subnetwork producing an exponential number of oscillation s which are used to energize the simulation of convergent asymmetric networks by Ho pfield nets. This shows that infinite families of polynomial-size Hopfield nets comp ute the complexity class PSPACE/poly. A special attention is paid to generalizing th ese results for analog states and continuous time to point out alternative sources of effic i nt computation.
Recognition and extraction of definitional contexts in Spanish for sketching a lexical network

In this paper we propose a method to exploit analytical definitions extracted from Spanish corpora, in order to build a lexical network based on the hyponymy/hyperonymy, part/whole and attribution relations. Our method considers the following steps: (a) the recognition and extraction of definitional contexts from specialized documents, (b) the identification of analytical definitions on these definitional contexts, using verbal predications, (c) the syntactic and probabilistic analysis of the association observed between verbal predication and analytical definitions, (d) the identification of the hyponymy/hyperonymy, part/whole and attribution relations based on the lexical information that lies between predications and definitions and other types of phrases, in particular prepositional phrases mapped by the preposition de (Eng. of/from).
Software methodologies for multiscale descriptions of defects, deformation and fracture

We examine some of the software implications of multiscale modeling of material deformation and fracture. Research in this field is aided through the development of flexible software frameworks for managing disparate degrees-of-freedom, constructing complex models, and interrogating simulation data at various scales. We describe some of the highlights of our Digital Material system for multiscale materials modeling, and discuss its use in the study of intergranular fracture in polycrystals.
Mars: Nature and evolution of young latitude‐dependent water‐ice‐rich mantle

High‐resolution altimetry and imaging have revealed the presence of a meters‐thick sedimentary layer at middle to high northern and southern latitudes presently covering at least 23% of the planet. The layer is interpreted to be water‐ice‐rich, and to undergone degradation recently. Its activity very likely coincided with the last major obliquity excursion a few hundred thousand years ago. The majority of the layer at higher latitudes, however, persisted for a much longer time in the Late Amazonian. Stratigraphic analysis suggests a complex history of successive episodes of deposition and removal. Repeated deposition and removal of the mantles are interpreted to be responsible for the unusual statistical properties of kilometer‐scale topography in the transitional mid‐latitude zones.
Mallard Brood Movements, Wetland Use, and Duckling Survival During and Following a Prairie Drought

Abstract We used radiotelemetry to study mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) brood movements, wetland use, and duckling survival during a major drought (1988–1992) and during the first 2 years of the subsequent wet period (1993–1994) at 4 51-km2 sites in prairie pothole landscapes in eastern North Dakota, USA. About two-thirds of 69 radiomarked mallard broods initiated moves from the nest to water before noon, and all left the nest during daylight. On average, broods used fewer wetlands, but moved greater distances during the dry period than the wet period. Broods of all ages were more likely to make inter-wetland moves during the wet period and probabilities of inter-wetland moves decreased as duckling age increased, especially during the dry period. Brood use of seasonal wetlands nearly doubled from 22% to 43% and use of semi-permanent wetlands declined from 73% to 50% from the dry to the wet period. Eighty-one of 150 radiomarked ducklings died during 1,604 exposure days. We evaluated survival models containing variables related to water conditions, weather, duckling age, and hatch date. Model-averaged risk ratios indicated that, on any given date, radiomarked ducklings were 1.5 (95% CI = 0.8–2.8) times more likely to die when the percentage of seasonal basins containing water (WETSEAS) was ≤18% than when WETSEAS was >40%. An interaction between duckling age and occurrence of rain on the current or 2 previous days indicated that rain effects were pronounced when ducklings were 0–7 days old but negligible when they were 8–30 days old. The TMIN (mean daily minimum temperature on the current and 2 previous days) effects generally were consistent between duckling age classes, and the risk of duckling death increased 9.3% for each 1°C decrease in TMIN across both age classes. Overall, the 30-day survival rate of ducklings equipped with radiotransmitters was about 0.23 lower than the survival rate of those without radiotransmitters. Unmarked ducklings were 7.6 (95% CI = 2.7–21.3) times more likely to die on any given day when WETSEAS was ≤18% than when WETSEAS was >40%. Higher duckling survival and increased use of seasonal wetlands during the wet period suggest that mallard production will benefit from programs that conserve and restore seasonal wetland habitat. Given adverse effects of low temperatures on duckling survival, managers may want to include this stochastic variable in models used to predict annual production of mallards in the Prairie Pothole Region.
Spectral Methods for Time-dependent Studies of Accretion Flows. Ii. Two-dimensional Hydrodynamic Disks with Self-gravity

Spectral methods are well suited for solving hydrodynamic problems in which the self-gravity of the flow needs to be considered. Because Poisson's equation is linear, the numerical solution for the gravitational potential for each individual mode of the density can be pre-computed, thus reducing substantially the computational cost of the method. In this second paper, we describe two different approaches to computing the gravitational field of a two-dimensional flow with pseudo-spectral methods. For situations in which the density profile is independent of the third coordinate (i.e., an infinite cylinder), we use a standard Poisson solver in spectral space. On the other hand, for situations in which the density profile is a delta function along the third coordinate (i.e., an infinitesimally thin disk), or any other function known a priori, we perform a direct integration of Poisson's equation using a Green's functions approach. We devise a number of test problems to verify the implementations of these two methods. Finally, we use our method to study the stability of polytropic, self-gravitating disks. We find that, when the polytropic index Γ is ≤ 4/3, Toomre's criterion correctly describes the stability of the disk. However, when Γ > 4/3 and for large values of the polytropic constant K, the numerical solutions are always stable, even when the linear criterion predicts the contrary. We show that, in the latter case, the minimum wavelength of the unstable modes is larger than the extent of the unstable region and hence the local linear analysis is inapplicable.
Single-Dose Gadobutrol in Comparison With Single-Dose Gadobenate Dimeglumine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Chronic Myocardial Infarction at 3 T

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values of infarct and remote myocardium as well as infarct and blood after application of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol and 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine on late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance (MR) images. Material and MethodsThe study was a prospective randomized controlled clinical study. After informed consent was obtained, 20 patients (12 men, 8 women; mean age, 67 ± 11 years) with known chronic myocardial infarction were included for an intraindividual comparison of a single-dose gadobutrol and a single-dose gadobenate dimeglumine. Two MR imaging examinations were performed within a period of 28 days in a crossover design. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging was performed 10 minutes after gadolinium administration using a 2-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion recovery gradient echo sequence at 3 T. Infarct size, signal intensities (SIs), signal-to-noise ratio, and CNR were determined on phase-sensitive MR images. Values for CNR were calculated as CNRinfarct/myocardium = (SIinfarct − SImyocardium)/SDnoise and CNRinfarct/blood = (SIinfarct − SIblood)/SDnoise. In addition, the areas of myocardial infarction were determined on single slices. The entire infarct volumes were calculated by adding the areas with hyperenhancement multiplied by the slice thickness. ResultsLate gadolinium enhancement was present in all patients. Median values of the infarct area, infarct volume, and transmurality for gadobutrol and gadobenate dimeglumine showed good to excellent concordance (rc = 0.85, rc = 0.95, and rc = 0.71, respectively). The mean signal-to-noise ratio values for infarct, remote myocardium, and ventricular blood were 18.6 ± 6.5, 4.1 ± 3.7, and 14.6 ± 7.5, respectively, for gadobutrol and 18.8 ± 8.9, 4.9 ± 4.5, and 17.8 ± 10.1, respectively, for gadobenate dimeglumine (P = 0.93, P = 0.48, and P = 0.149, respectively). The mean values of CNRinfarct/myocardium and CNRinfarct/blood were 14.5 ± 5.9 and 4.0 ± 4.6, respectively, for gadobutrol and 13.9 ± 6.1 and 0.9 ± 4.5, respectively, for gadobenate dimeglumine (P = 0.69 and P = 0.02, respectively). ConclusionBoth gadobutrol and gadobenate dimeglumine allow for successful late gadolinium enhancement imaging of chronic myocardial infarction after a single-dose application (0.1 mmol/kg) at 3 T. Gadobutrol provides a higher CNR between infarct and blood. The CNRs between infarct and normal myocardium, infarct size, and transmural extent were similar for both contrast agents.