Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating Pattern-Based Formal Requirements Specification in an Industrial Tool-Chain

The lack of formal system specifications is a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of formal verification techniques in industrial settings. Specification patterns represent a promising approach that can fill this gap by enabling non-expert practitioners to write formal specifications based on reusing solutions to commonly occurring problems. Despite the fact that the specification patterns have been proven suitable for specification of industrial systems, there is no engineer-friendly tool support adequate for industrial adoption. In this paper, we present a tool called SESAMM Specifier in which we integrate a subset of the specification patterns for formal requirements specification, called SPS, into an existing industrial tool-chain. The tool provides the necessary means for the formal specification of system requirements and the later validation of the formally expressed behavior.
Is There Any Overtrading in Stock Markets? The Moderating Role of Big Five Personality Traits and Gender in a Unilateral Trend Stock Market

Overtrading is a common anomaly among stock investors. This study examines the relationship between overtrading and investment returns and the impact of the Big Five traits and gender on overtrading in a unilateral trend stock market using a simulated stock investment system. The data were derived from a sample of undergraduates from six universities who performed in a simulated stock investment situation and had their personality traits measured by the Big Five Personality Questionnaire. The results indicate that: (1) Overtrading was significant in rising stock markets, but not significant in falling markets. (2) The degree of female investors who overtraded was significant in rising markets. (3) The degree of overtrading investors who were high in extroversion or agreeableness was significant in rising markets. The implications of these results for more effective investment strategies are discussed.
Comparison of different lemmatization approaches for information retrieval on Turkish text collection

In this paper, we compare the performance of different lemmatization approaches for information retrieval over Turkish text collection. A lemma is simply the "dictionary form" of a word and lemmatization is the process of determining the lemma for a given word where different inflected forms of a word can be analyzed as a single item. We compared three different lemmatizer and one fixed length truncation approaches over Turkish text collection. The first one is based on morphological analyzer for Turkish using with finite state language processing technology; another one is Dictionary-based Turkish Lemmatizer (DTL), which uses radix-trie data structure; the third one is a simple dictionary based top-down parser and the last one is truncation of words at fix length. We have assessed the performance of lemmatizers on Bilkent University Milliyet collection, which contains more than 400K documents. The comparison of performance analysis was done by the well-known IR evaluation metrics and experimented in the IR system. The results we obtained show that the lemmatization process improves IR performance and we achieved the best results using with Turkish Lemmatizer that is DTL radix-trie data structure and it used the minimum number of terms in IR system.
Police civilianisation in Canada: a mixed methods investigation

ABSTRACT Although the ratio of police officers to population in Canada has been relatively stable since the 1980s there has been a substantial increase in the number of civilians working for police services. To better understand the economic and other consequences of civilianisation, we employed two strategies: an exploratory qualitative examination of the challenges of civilianisation involving a survey and follow-up interviews; and a quantitative analysis of the factors associated with deploying police officer and civilian personnel in 167 municipal police services. When asked about the costs and benefits of civilianisation, police executives reported that the overall number of employees and costs to the police service are not necessarily reduced, as monies saved through civilianisation were spent elsewhere in their organisations: a finding in keeping with a structural contingency perspective. The ordinary least square regression results show that the prevalence of civilian personnel in the police workforce decreases in poorer communities and they are less likely to be employed in larger organisations. There was also a higher prevalence of civilian personnel in police organisations that operated more efficiently. Given these results, a number of suggestions are made for future policy, practice, and research.
Role of Rectal Diclofenac Suppository for Prevention and Its Impact on Severity of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis in High-Risk Patients

Background The aim was to study the role of rectal diclofenac in prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis and its impact on severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Methods We conducted a single-center, prospective, open-labeled, randomized trial for evaluating the use of rectal diclofenac in prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients. We assessed 526 patients coming for ERCP for different indications. Four hundred patients were eligible for the study. Those not fitting the high-risk criteria and with acute pancreatitis were excluded. These patients were randomized in two groups: 200 patients received rectal diclofenac prior to or during the procedure, while 200 patients received placebos. Serum amylase was measured at 2 and 36 hours. Post-ERCP pancreatitis was defined as serum amylase > 3 times upper limit of normal with associated severe abdominal pain. Severity was graded according to days of hospitalization and complications. Results Twenty-nine out of 400 (7.2%) patients developed post-ERCP pancreatitis. Six out of 200 (3%) patients in rectal diclofenac group developed post-ERCP pancreatitis compared to 23 out of 200 (11.5%) patients in placebo group. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). All patients (six) in rectal diclofenac group developed mild pancreatitis as compared to severe pancreatitis in four and moderate pancreatitis in five patients in the placebo group. Conclusion Rectal diclofenac prior to or during ERCP in high-risk patients reduces the incidence as well as severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis compared to placebo.
Task attraction as a determinant of intended effort on curricular tasks

J. Eccles Parsons et ses collaborateurs ont construit un Modele general pour les conduites de reussite dans le cadre de travaux sur la motivation d'accomplissement, ce modele considere quatre composantes de la motivation : la perception du niveau de difficulte de la tâche, l'estimation de ses capacites personnelles, la prediction de reussite et la perception de l'utilite de la tâche. Les auteurs ont utilise le modele d'Eccles dans un premier temps dans le cadre de trois matieres : lecture, arithmetique et dessin aupres de 1000 eleves flamands de 10 a 12 ans, l'investissement dans la tâche etait la variable dependante et le jugement de l'enseignant sur la capacite de l'eleve etait retenu comme variable externe. La composante perception de l'attrait de la tâche n'est pas retenue dans le modele de Eccles, les auteurs developpent le modele en incluant l'attrait pour la tâche et font l'hypothese que l'attrait pour la tâche est aussi important que l'attente de reussite et la perception de l'utilite de la tâche pour expliquer l'investissement d'un eleve dans une matiere . L'attrait pour la tâche pourrait aussi mediatiser l'estimation de ses propres capacites et la perception de l'utilite de la tâche. Les deux versions du modele sont comparees. Les resultats de l'etude montrent que le fait de trouver la tâche attractive a un effet immediat sur l'interet et le plaisir d'apprendre et qu'il est interessant d'introduire ce parametre dans les modeles de motivation.
Auxin and the developing root of Arabidopsis thaliana

The plant hormone auxin has long been known to play a crucial role in plant growth and development, but how it affects so many different processes has remained a mystery. Recent evidence from genetic and molecular studies has begun to reveal a possible mechanism for auxin action. In this article we will present an overview with specific emphasis on auxin's role in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on cell division, elongation and differentiation.
Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Kannada Numerals based on Decision Fusion Approach

—combining classifiers appears as a natural step forward when a critical mass of knowledge of single classifier models has been accumulated. Although there are many unanswered questions about matching classifiers to real-life problems, combining classifiers is rapidly growing and enjoying a lot of attention from pattern recognition and machine learning communities. For any pattern classification task, an increase in data size, number of classes, dimension of the feature space and interclass separability affect the performance of any classifier. It is essential to know the effect of the training dataset size on the recognition performance of a feature extraction method and classifier. In this paper, an attempt is made to measure the performance of the classifier by testing the classifier with two different datasets of different sizes. In practical classification applications, if the number of classes and multiple feature sets for pattern samples are given, a desirable recognition performance can be achieved by data fusion. A framework for feature selection and decision fusion has been proposed in this paper to increase the performance of classification. From the experimental results it is seen that there is an increase of 4.55% in the recognition accuracy.
One-class classification of point patterns of extremes

Novelty detection or one-class classification starts from a model describing some type of 'normal behaviour' and aims to classify deviations from this model as being either novelties or anomalies. In this paper the problem of novelty detection for point patterns S = {x1,. ,xk} ⊂ Rd is treated where examples of anomalies are very sparse, or even absent. The latter complicates the tuning of hyperparameters in models commonly used for novelty detection, such as one-class support vector machines and hidden Markov models. To this end, the use of extreme value statistics is introduced to estimate explicitly a model for the abnormal class by means of extrapolation from a statistical model X for the normal class. We show how multiple types of information obtained from any available extreme instances of S can be combined to reduce the high false-alarm rate that is typically encountered when classes are strongly imbalanced, as often occurs in the one-class setting (whereby 'abnormal' data are often scarce). The approach is illustrated using simulated data and then a real-life application is used as an exemplar, whereby accelerometry data from epileptic seizures are analysed - these are known to be extreme and rare with respect to normal accelerometer data.
Human Tended Gardens of Evolutionary Design

This paper describes an artificial creative system that simulates basic creative design behavior through the use of pseudo-genetic design supplemented by human recognition and evaluation. While it remains unclear if the system is truly creative itself, it provides the necessary support structure for a design platform that reshapes creative decision making as a question of design growth rather than
Visualizing locations of off-screen objects on mobile devices: a comparative evaluation of three approaches

Browsing large information spaces such as maps on the limited screen of mobile devices often requires people to perform panning and zooming operations that move relevant display content off-screen. This makes it difficult to perform spatial tasks such as finding the location of Points Of Interest (POIs) in a city. Visualizing the location of off-screen objects can mitigate this problem: in this paper, we present a user study comparing the Halo [2] approach with two other techniques based on arrows. Halo surrounds off-screen objects with circles that reach the display window, so that users can derive the location and distance of objects by observing the visible portion of the corresponding circles. In the two arrow-based techniques, arrows point at objects and their size and body length, respectively, inform about the distance of objects. Our study involved four tasks requiring users to identify and compare off-screen objects locations, and also investigated the effectiveness of the three techniques with respect to the number of off-screen objects. Arrows allowed users to order off-screen objects faster and more accurately according to their distance, while Halo allowed users to better identify the correct location of off-screen objects. Implications of these results for mobile map-based applications are also discussed.
針對數學與科學教育領域之電腦輔助英中試題翻譯系統 (An Exploration of Computer Assisted Translation of Test Items for Mathematics and Sciences) [In Chinese]

由國際教育學習成就調查委員會(IEA)統一命題之國際數學與科學教育成就趨勢調查測 驗(TIMSS),為便於台灣中小學生施測與理解,英文原文試題內容需要經過許多人工討 論及翻譯時間。 為了增進翻譯內容一致性及其效率,我們設計一套符合測驗試題的輔助 翻譯系統,將不同格式的試題文件,經執行語法分析式的片語擷取和字典查詢,透過使 用者介面,選擇合適的片語詞彙翻譯選項和詞序調整,以及提供目前常用之線上翻譯服 務、回顧翻譯類似句、以及加減詞彙等功能。 為了能提昇翻譯詞彙的選擇正確性,我們 記錄翻譯者選詞動作,讓翻譯者能回顧過去曾處理過的翻譯類似句,並且按照系統提供 之選詞頻率資訊、科學領域的期刊語料之詞頻統計,以及利用統計式中英詞彙對列和語 言模型,更改選詞的優先順序。 我們嘗試以過去試題為實驗對象,按年級及學科區分 6 大試題類別,搭配 4 種選詞策略,透過 BLEU 及 NIST 之翻譯評估指標比較線上翻譯系 統和本系統,實驗結果顯示在各實驗組的評估上均有優於線上翻譯系統的效果。
Progression of MPI Non-blocking Collective Operations Using Hyper-Threading

MPI non-blocking collective operations offer a high level interface to MPI library users, and potentially allow communication to be overlapped with calculation. Progression, which controls communications running in the background of the calculation, is the key factor to achieve an efficient overlap. The most commonly used progression method is manual progression, in which a progression function is called in the main calculation. In manual progression, MPI library users have to estimate the communication timing to maximize the overlap effect and thus to manage the complex communication optimization. An alternative approach for progression is the use of separate communication threads. By using communication threads, communication calculation overlap can be achieved simply. However, context switches between the calculation thread and the communication thread cause lower performance in the frequent case where all cores are used for calculation. In this paper, we propose a novel threaded progression method using Hyper-Threading to maximize the overlap effect of non-blocking collective operations. We apply MONITOR/MWAIT instructions to the communication thread on Hyper-Threading so as not to degrade the calculation thread due to shared core resource conflict. Evaluation on 8-node Infini Band connected IA server clustered systems confirmed that the latency is suppressed to a small level and that our approach has an advantage over manual progression in terms of communication-calculation overlap. Using a real application of CG benchmark, our method achieved 32% reduction in execution time compared to using blocking collective operation, and that is nearly perfect overlap. Although manual progression also achieved perfect overlap, our method has the advantage that no communication timing tuning is required for each application.
Low-dose ionizing radiation induces mitochondrial fusion and increases expression of mitochondrial complexes I and III in hippocampal neurons

High energy ionizing radiation can cause DNA damage and cell death. During clinical radiation therapy, the radiation dose could range from 15 to 60 Gy depending on targets. While 2 Gy radiation has been shown to cause cancer cell death, studies also suggest a protective potential by low dose radiation. In this study, we examined the effect of 0.2-2 Gy radiation on hippocampal neurons. Low dose 0.2 Gy radiation treatment increased the levels of MTT. Since hippocampal neurons are post-mitotic, this result reveals a possibility that 0.2 Gy irradiation may increase mitochondrial activity to cope with stimuli. Maintaining neural plasticity is an energy-demanding process that requires high efficient mitochondrial function. We thus hypothesized that low dose radiation may regulate mitochondrial dynamics and function to ensure survival of neurons. Our results showed that five days after 0.2 Gy irradiation, no obvious changes on neuronal survival, neuronal synapses, membrane potential of mitochondria, reactive oxygen species levels, and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers. Interestingly, 0.2 Gy irradiation promoted the mitochondria fusion, resulting in part from the increased level of a mitochondrial fusion protein, Mfn2, and inhibition of Drp1 fission protein trafficking to the mitochondria. Accompanying with the increased mitochondrial fusion, the expressions of complexes I and III of the electron transport chain were also increased. These findings suggest that, hippocampal neurons undergo increased mitochondrial fusion to modulate cellular activity as an adaptive mechanism in response to low dose radiation.
Active Learning for Relevance Feedback in Image Retrieval

AbstrAct Relevance.In. Co-SVM algorithm, color and texture are naturally considered as sufficient and.uncorrelated. views.of. an.image. SVM classifier is learned in color and texture feature subspaces, respectively. Then the two classifiers are used to classify the unlabeled data. These unlabeled samples that disagree in the two classifiers are chose to label. The extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm is beneficial to image retrieval.
Integrating Web Server Applications With LDAP Authentication: Case Study on Human Resources Information System of UI

Lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) accomodates the need of high level of security, single sign-on, and centralized user management. This protocol offers security services and integrated directory with capability of storage management user information in a directory. Therefore at the same time the user can determine application, service, server to be accessed, and user privileges. In this paper, we explain our experience in implementing the authentication mechanism for our human resources information system Web server application by taking identification of user information from LDAP server using LDAP authentication method. We also show the result and performance analyses on the access speed in using LDAP method
Analysis and Design of a 300-W 500 000-r/min Slotless Self-Bearing Permanent-Magnet Motor

Active magnetic bearings enable contactless operation and can therefore be used for supporting rotors spinning at high speeds. However, the rotational speed in conventional reluctance-force-based magnetic bearing topologies is limited, which is mainly due to high rotor losses and limited force control bandwidths. In this paper, a prototype of a self-bearing motor is presented, which overcomes several limitations of state-of-the-art high-speed magnetically levitated electric drive systems. Due to the employed magnetic bearing, the motor can be operated in high-purity or vacuum environments. An analytical mechanical and electrical bearing model is introduced and verified by measurements. Furthermore, a bearing inverter system is designed, and its controller performance is shown. Measurements of spinning levitated rotors up to speeds of 505 000 r/min verify the functionality of the overall system. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest speed achieved by magnetically levitated electrical drive systems so far.
Measure valued solutions of sub-linear diffusion equations
 with a drift term

In this paper we study nonnegative, measure valued solutions of the initial value problem for one-dimensional drift-diffusion equations when the nonlinear diffusion is governed by an increasing $C^1$ function $\beta$ with $\lim_{r\to +\infty} \beta(r)<+\infty$. By using tools of optimal transport, we will show that this kind of problems is well posed in the class of nonnegative Borel measures with finite mass $m$ and finite quadratic momentum and it is the gradient flow of a suitable entropy functional with respect to the so called $L^2$-Wasserstein distance. Due to the degeneracy of diffusion for large densities, concentration of masses can occur, whose support is transported by the drift. We shall show that the large-time behavior of solutions depends on a critical mass ${m}_{\rm c}$, which can be explicitely characterized in terms of $\beta$ and of the drift term. If the initial mass is less then ${m}_{\rm c}$, the entropy has a unique minimizer which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Conversely, when the total mass $m$ of the solutions is greater than the critical one, the steady state has a singular part in which the exceeding mass ${m} - {m}_{\rm c}$ is accumulated.
ADAP2 Is an Interferon Stimulated Gene That Restricts RNA Virus Entry

Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) target viruses at various stages of their infectious life cycles, including at the earliest stage of viral entry. Here we identify ArfGAP with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains 2 (ADAP2) as a gene upregulated by type I IFN treatment in a STAT1-dependent manner. ADAP2 functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Arf6 and binds to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and PI(3,4)P2. We show that overexpression of ADAP2 suppresses dengue virus (DENV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in an Arf6 GAP activity-dependent manner, while exerting no effect on coxsackievirus B (CVB) or Sendai virus (SeV) replication. We further show that ADAP2 expression induces macropinocytosis and that ADAP2 strongly associates with actin-enriched membrane ruffles and with Rab8a- and LAMP1-, but not EEA1- or Rab7-, positive vesicles. Utilizing two techniques—light-sensitive neutral red (NR)-containing DENV and fluorescence assays for virus internalization—we show that ADAP2 primarily restricts DENV infection at the stage of virion entry and/or intracellular trafficking and that incoming DENV and VSV particles associate with ADAP2 during their entry. Taken together, this study identifies ADAP2 as an ISG that exerts antiviral effects against RNA viruses by altering Arf6-mediated trafficking to disrupt viral entry.