Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient Ischemic Attack and Cognitive Impairment: A Review

ABSTRACT Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a neurologic deficit resulting from focal ischemia in the brain, spinal cord, or retina. Historically, the definition included symptom resolution within 24 hours. However, recent studies investigating cognition after TIA suggest that deficits in executive function persist at 7 days post-TIA, although few studies have examined these effects long term. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques provide emerging evidence of permanent microvascular tissue damage in the brain, suggesting that the effects of TIA may persist beyond resolution of focal symptoms. A further challenge is that there is debate concerning the clinical definition of TIA and the use of diagnostic neuroimaging studies and standardization of neuropsychological tests used to evaluate cognitive deficits in this population. Subtle changes in memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities may negatively influence an individual’s ability to adopt positive health behaviors. Despite advances in the field, more research is needed; hence, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of clinical factors for clinicians and researchers to consider when investigating cognitive deficits among post-TIA populations. Definitions of TIA are reviewed, and the importance of neuropsychological evaluation and neuroimaging correlates of TIA in establishing a positive diagnosis will be discussed. Nurses especially in advanced practice roles are uniquely positioned to assess and implement treatments in at-risk groups and therefore should be knowledgeable about these possible cognitive effects.
Polyethylenimine‐based antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of IL‐4 suppress the production of IL‐4 in a murine model of airway inflammation

Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) plays a crucial role as an inflammatory mediator in allergic asthma via inducing Th2 inflammation and IgE synthesis. To develop an effective therapeutic agent which specifically inhibits production of IL‐4, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODNs) against murine IL‐4 mRNA were generated and complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) to improve intracellular delivery.
The Complexity of Context: A Service Ecosystems Approach for International Marketing

To strengthen the theoretical foundations of international marketing (IM), the authors propose a framework for conceptualizing the complexity of the context that frames international and global exchange systems. In particular, they apply a service ecosystems approach, which is grounded in service-dominant logic and its foundational premise that service is the basis of all exchange. The proposed framework provides insight into the nature of context, a distinguishing feature of IM. The authors argue that the embeddedness of social networks and the multiplicity of institutions within a service ecosystem influence the complexity of context. They articulate the way the (co)creation of value influences and is influenced by the enactment of practices and the integration of resources through various levels (micro, meso, and macro) of interaction and institutions. They introduce the concept of “value in cultural context” to emphasize the influence of the symbolic and social components of context. The article concludes with a discussion of the research implications for how a service ecosystems view can aid in the advancement of IM theory and practice.
The impact of foreign takeovers: comparative evidence from foreign and domestic acquisitions in Germany

This study provides the first evidence of foreign takeover effects on the performance of acquired firms in Germany that considers a general takeover effect through the comparison with domestic takeovers. A propensity score matching approach combined with a difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator were performed with new high-quality panel data for manufacturing enterprises, provided by German official statistics. The results indicate a negative impact of foreign takeovers on employment and no productivity improvements for the period 2007-2009. This evidence contradicts existing empirical evidence for Germany which suggests significant productivity improvements and no changes in terms of employment. These findings are of particular interest to Germany as one of the most important FDI inflow destinations worldwide. They contribute to the foreign ownership performance premium literature as well as improving the understanding of foreign acquisition consequences, a subject of utmost topicality.
House price diffusions across three urban areas in Malaysia

Purpose – Various empirical studies have demonstrated that house prices in different geographic regions have a tendency to co‐move. But these studies have focused on developed economies in the west. The purpose of this paper is to test this hypothesis in the case of three major urban areas in the rapidly developing economy of Malaysia, namely Klang Valley, Penang and Johor.Design/methodology/approach – Using Pesaran et al.'s bounds testing approach to cointegration and Granger non‐causality analysis, the short‐run and long‐run dynamics of regional house prices are analysed.Findings – First, house prices in all three regions appear to be cointegrated. Second, there is evidence of short‐run bi‐directional causality between house prices in all regions. Third, long‐run house price movements in Johor are not Granger‐caused by house prices in Klang Valley and Penang. This observation could be rationalised in the light of the argument that Johor house values may be more closely aligned with activities in the Sin.
INFERENCE ON EXPECTATIONS AND DECISIONS

Economists have long sought to predict choice behavior. The standard practice has been to infer decision processes from data on observed choices. These inferences are then used to predict behavior in other settings. Most empirical research today concerns scenarios in which decision makers act with partial information. The difficulty is that observed choices may be consistent with many alternative preferences, expectations, and decision rules. To cope with this inferential problem, researchers commonly assert a priori knowledge of the expectations that persons hold. I argue that researchers should aim to replace assumptions about expectations with data on expectations. Since the early 1990s, economists have increasingly undertaken to elicit from survey respondents probabilistic expectations of significant personal events. This article discusses the history underlying the new literature, describes some of what has been learned thus far, and looks ahead towards making further progress.
Approximate wave fronts in a class of reaction-difiusion equations

Under special conditions an approximate wave front solution to a system of nonlinear reaction-difiusion type equations is obtained. An assump- tion of fast kinetics permits the system to be reformulated as a single nonlinear difierential-integral equation of convolution type. If the convolution kernel has the form of a mollifler then the convolution is localized to obtain an inflnite system of difierential equations. In some cases the system can be truncated and solved to obtain approximate wave fronts. Examples of this method are presented, one with nonlinear convection and one with nonlinear difiusion.
Development of a hydrogen consumption optimization based dynamic penalty control strategy for a PEMFC-LIB-SC hybrid tramway

To meet the rapid changes in power demand, and more efficient use of PEM fuel cell power supply, the equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization (EHCM) based dynamic penalty control (DPC) strategy was proposed for the modern PEMFC-LIB-SC hybrid tramway. And an effective informed adaptive based particle searching optimization (EIA-PSO) algorithm which is more robust in terms of global search capability and local search precision was utilized to optimize the derived parameter clusters to effectively achieve the optimization of equivalent hydrogen consumption. The results demonstrated that the proposed control strategy could realize the operation stabilization of the overall hybrid power system during the simulated driving cycle. Finally, the comparisons with other control strategies verify that the proposed energy management system can achieve better performance of the overall hybrid tramway.
The Role of Radical Protest in Labour Market Policy Outcomes

The comparative political economy of labour market policies has witnessed a proliferation of studies claiming to have identified the lack of an underlying convergence upon a neoliberal model. These range from those who focus on the (ideational) contingency of labour market reforms, through institutionalist approaches which claim that a path-dependence exists for different types of labour market policies, to those approaches which highlight the role of resistance in producing variable labour market reform outcomes. The present paper seeks to engage with this debate on the basis of the observation that a number of the claims that have become axiomatic within comparative political economy appear to clash with a number of alternative viewpoints commonly found within radical political economy and radical political theory. From radical political economy, the paper investigates the view that resistance to neoliberalism will face growing pressure to acquiesce over time. From radical political theory, the paper considers the claim that different types of resistance will vary in their relative efficacy, and that those (radical) types which most reject existing hierarchies will be most efficacious over time. The paper seeks to assess, therefore, the validity of a common claim made within radical political theory, that those forms of resistance which are more susceptible to co-optation by dominant actors will, in the long term, ensure the continuation and/or exacerbation of processes of domination, whereas more radical forms of resistance will produce more favourable outcomes for dominated actors. The paper draws on Scruggs' Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset, which measures the generosity of passive labour market policies, and which is used as a proxy for the extent to which workers are dominated by dominant economic interests within the labour market. This forms the dependent variable for the study. The paper presents panel data analysis of 18 OECD developed economies between 1972 and 2001, exploring the significance of varying types of resistance, including the strength of the social democratic tradition in each country, the level of union density, and World Values Survey data on rates of radical protest. It presents initial evidence suggesting that more radical forms of resistance are more effective in preventing the exacerbation of relations of domination (as measured by the generosity of passive labour market policies). This is used to suggest future avenues for empirical research.
Mean Reversion of Short-Run Interest Rates in Emerging Countries

In this paper we examine the stochastic behavior of short-run interest rates in several emerging countries using fractional integration techniques. We allow for a much richer flexibility in the dynamic behavior of the series than the classical representations based on I(0) or I(1) processes. It appears that for Singapore and Thailand nominal interest rates are mean-reverting, whereas for Mexico, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Korea, the presence of a unit-root test depends on the assumptions regarding the residuals' autocorrelation. The results also suggest that uncovered interest parity (UIP) can only hold for two emerging countries. For the other countries, the stabilization policies in the aftermath of the currency crises have led to the rejection of the UIP hypothesis.
Has transition improved well-being? An analysis based on income, inequality-adjusted income, nonincome, and subjective well-being measures

In this paper we examine trends in economic well-being in transition countries from 1988-2002. To do this, we examine economic performance, inequality-adjusted well-being measures, subjective well-being measures, and non-income dimensions of well-being. While for some of the transition countries in Central Europe, the level of well-being is now higher than prior to transition, it is far below those levels in most other transition countries. The only indicator which has shown consistent improvements are measures of political and civil liberties.
Optimal Replacement of GMC Bus Engines: An Empirical Model of Harold Zurcher

This paper formulates a simple, regenerative, optimal-stopping model of bus-eng ine replacement to describe the behavior of Harold Zurcher, superinte ndent of maintenance at the Madison (Wisconsin) Metropolitan Bus Comp any. Admittedly, few people are likely to take particular interest in Harold Zurcher and bus engine replacement per se. The author focuses on a specific individual and capital good because it provides a simp le, concrete framework to illustrate two ideas: (1) a "bottom-up" a pproach for modeling replacement investment and (2) a "nested fixed point" algorithm for estimating dynamic programming models of discre te choice. Copyright 1987 by The Econometric Society.
Antipsychotic Drugs: A New Risk Factor for Osteoporosis in Young Women With Schizophrenia?

Abstract: Schizophrenic illness is associated with high rates of osteoporosis, the etiology of which remains obscure, but which may be at least partly explained by the prolactin-raising properties of antipsychotic medication. Conventional antipsychotics all cause hyperprolactinemia, whereas a limited number of atypical antipsychotic drugs do not. To investigate this further, we designed a cross-sectional comparison study between groups taking either prolactin-raising or prolactin-sparing antipsychotic medication. Participants were required to be premenopausal women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and to have received exclusively either prolactin-raising (n = 26), or olanzapine (n = 12) antipsychotic medication. Half of the subjects in the prolactin-raising group were being treated with conventional (n = 13), and half with newer "atypical," antipsychotic drugs (n = 13). Subjects had lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) evaluated by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) scan. A blood sample was taken to measure prolactin and sex hormone axis measures. The results demonstrated that the group taking prolactin-raising medication had higher rates of bone pathology, compared with the olanzapine group. High prolactin levels were related to measures of hypogonadism and low BMD values. Within the prolactin-raising group, those taking newer atypical compounds had higher levels of prolactin, lower levels of sex hormones, and lower BMD values than the group taking conventional antipsychotic medication. These findings suggest that the high rates of osteoporosis associated with schizophrenia may result from hypogonadism secondary to antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, and that the prolactin-raising profile of antipsychotic drugs should be considered when choosing an antipsychotic drug.
Description of behavior of national economies in state space

This paper deals with analysis of behavior of national economies by using the total least squares method. National economies are described in state space of the following variables: gross domestic product, inflation, and unemployment. Their behavior is investigated by fitting their phase trajectories to plane. A possible method of description of the dynamical properties of national economies by differential equations is proposed. In conclusion the use of the investigated mathematical model for prediction and evaluation of the performance of national economies is discussed. A MATLAB routine for fitting 3D data to lines and planes in 3D is provided.
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Increases the Resistance of LDL to Oxidation More than Refined Olive Oil in Free-Living Men with Peripheral Vascular Disease

Patients with peripheral vascular disease (Fontaine stage II) are characterized by ischemia of the lower extremities, atherosclerosis and alteration of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. A randomized, two-period, crossover design was used to compare the effects of extra-virgin (VO) and refined olive (RO) oils on plasma lipids and lipoprotein composition and LDL oxidation susceptibility in free-living men with peripheral vascular disease. The oils differed in their antioxidant profile (! -tocopherol: 300 vs. 200 mg/kg; phenolic compounds 800 vs. 60) and concentration but not in their fatty acid composition. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (n ! 12) received VO with which to freely cook all meals for 3 mo, followed by a 3-mo wash-out period; they then received RO for the final 3 mo. The second group (n ! 12) consumed the oils in the opposite order. Energy, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ! -tocopherol intakes were not different when patients consumed the two oils. Profiles of the major fatty acids in plasma and LDL were not different after consumption of VO and RO. The slope of the line for LDL oxidation vs. the line for copper concentration was significantly higher after the intake of RO than after the intake of VO. Total LDL taken up by macrophages was significantly greater when the men consumed RO rather than VO. We suggest that antioxidants present in VO may protect LDL against oxidation more than does RO in men with peripheral vascular disease. J. Nutr. 129: 2177–2183, 1999.
Acute left anterior descending artery occlusion in a hemophiliac A patient during recombinant factor VIII infusion: Treatment with coronary angioplasty

Acute myocardial infarction in association with the replacement of recombinant factor VIII in hemophiliacs has not been documented. We describe the use of PTCA in a hemophiliac A patient who developed acute myocardial infarction during factor VIII replacement. Because surgery in hemophiliac A patients remains hazardous, PTCA seems to be an attractive alternative. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 50:468–472, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A screening of multiple classes of pharmaceutical compounds for effect on preadult salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis.

The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, is the major obstacle facing a sustainable future for farmers of salmonids in the North Atlantic Ocean. Medicinal compounds have been the most utilized tool to prevent salmon lice infestation; however, the active compounds have become less effective or considered environmentally unfriendly in the past years. Novel medicinal compounds are thus highly desired. In two experiment series, 26 medicinal compounds were screened for their efficacy against salmon lice, in a 30-min exposure and 24-h exposure, respectively. Pyriprole, imidacloprid, cartap and spinetoram were effective at 50 mg L(-1) in the short-time exposure. In the 24-h exposure, pyriprole, propoxur, cartap, imidacloprid, fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen, nitenpyram, spinetoram, spiromesifen and diflubenzuron induced a high level of immobilization at 5 mg L(-1) . The EC50 values of the effective compounds were calculated in further titration studies for both exposure periods. Several physiological and biochemical pathways were discovered as possible targets for medicinal intervention against the salmon louse.
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Stroke is a preventable disease. Primary prevention of stroke is often discussed in many forums; however, as neurologists and stroke physicians we are seldom at the forefront where political decisions are made. At the World Stroke Congress in Vienna 2008, Ruth Bonita (1) stated that population-based prevention is the most affordable. A large proportion of potential strokes will be reduced due to tobacco control, salt reduction, nutrition education and a reasonable level of physical activity. For high-risk individuals, pharmacological intervention further reduces stroke occurrence (2, 3). Prevention of stroke is closely related to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. A close collaboration between cardiologists and stroke physicians may strengthen the impact on politicians and health providers. The European guideline on cardiovascular disease prevention 2007 update is available at www.escardio. org and also as a pocket guideline. On an individual level, these guidelines (4) provide risk charts, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), predicting the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease including stroke deaths in the 40–65-year age group at given levels of blood pressure and cholesterol in women and men, smokers and nonsmokers. At www.heartscore. org the individual risk can be calculated for subjects still free of cardiovascular disease. The SCORE risk charts also include a relative risk chart for people o40 years at a low risk. Recommendations are given for a healthy lifestyle. Drug treatment is considered if the SCORE risk exceeds 5% per 10 years. The guidelines were developed by the European Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the European Stroke Initiative, now the European Stroke Organisation; the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation; the European Society of Hypertension; the International Society of Behavioural Medicine; the European Heart Network; the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; the European Atherosclerosis Society; the International Diabetes Federation Europe; and the European Society of General Practice/Family Medicine/WONCA.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

This paper seeks to address the similarities and differences between HR practices and policies of private and public sector organisations by reporting the results of our analysis based on the CRANET database. In our paper detailed statistical analysis is made for the three geographical subsets (New Public Management Countries, Eastern Europe, and All Other Countries) of the CRANET Survey 2004–2005. In light of CRANET data we review whether public sector reforms driven by radical structural changes, privatisation of certain government functions, or adaptation of New Public Management technologies could have or could not have eliminated the most important distinguishing features of public and private sector organisations in the field of HRM.
Family small businesses: definition, 'essence' and 'true' prevalence

The rapid growth of the family business field is based on the purported prevalence and economic contributions of the family firm. However, such estimations are highly dependent on the question of what in fact constitutes a 'family business'. Unfortunately, a universally accepted definition remains an elusive outcome for the field. It has been suggested that any definition used should capture the 'essence' of the family business by focusing on the vision, intentions and behaviour of people who own, govern and/or manage the business. Since the majority of family businesses are small businesses, this paper applies the 'essence' criterion to empirically explore the 'true' prevalence of the family firm in a sample of small businesses. Findings and their implications for defining the family business are presented.
Measuring the Union/Non-Union Wage Gap Using Propensity Score Matching

This paper examines the union wage effect among private sector wage and salary workers using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data. We estimate the average union premium by utilizing semi (non) parametric matching techniques, as well as by linear regression model. Our analysis reveals: (1) conditioning linearly on covariates understates the union wage effect. In addition, matching results under the alternative support conditions indicate that selection on unobservables has at most a modest impact on average. (2) Log wage estimations lead to an overstatement of the union wage effect. Solving these problems yields the union membership premium as 21.5 percent.