Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The systems' approach and social work methods

ABSTRACT Many social work courses are now using ‘system theory’, or as I prefer to call it, ‘a systems' approach’, in teaching social work method on a unitary basis. Most social work techers recognise that the systems' approach is not enough on its own and that traditional methods have a place in practice. What is not clear is how these methods relate to the systems' approach. In this article the relationship between the systems' approach and various methods and theories of intervention is explored in a number of different ways. Firstly, there is an examination of the relationship of various client, target and action systems. Secondly. Lippitt's analysis of the ‘diagnostic orientations’ of change agents is discussed and related to strategies aimed at changing the goals and the power structures of target systems. Then certain counselling and casework methods are considered in relation to Lippitt's analysis, leading on to a brief comment on methods of intervention based on systems' theory. Finally, an educa.
Reward Shaping for Model-Based Bayesian Reinforcement Learning

Bayesian reinforcement learning (BRL) provides a formal framework for optimal exploration-exploitation tradeoff in reinforcement learning. Unfortunately, it is generally intractable to find the Bayes-optimal behavior except for restricted cases. As a consequence, many BRL algorithms, model-based approaches in particular, rely on approximated models or real-time search methods. In this paper, we present potential-based shaping for improving the learning performance in model-based BRL. We propose a number of potential functions that are particularly well suited for BRL, and are domain-independent in the sense that they do not require any prior knowledge about the actual environment. By incorporating the potential function into real-time heuristic search, we show that we can significantly improve the learning performance in standard benchmark domains.
Secure searchable based asymmetric encryption in cloud computing

Cloud computing offers a wide range of services such as user demand network, operating systems, hardware, software and resources. These encouraging facilities and hassle free management of computing resources have attracted many users to outsource their data to untrusted servers. Cloud server may leak documents to unauthorized parties. Therefore, all documents need to be transmitted in ciphertext mode to keep user data confidential against an untrusted Cloud Service Provider (CSP). However, encrypting documents prevents user to search the outsourced documents directly. Regular encryption algorithms such as AES, RC4 and DES mechanisms have searching limitation; in which the whole ciphertext needs to be retrieved and then decrypt before search procedure can be performed. Recently, many advanced encryption techniques have been proposed to enable search capabilities for users. Generally, the keyword based search approach is used. This approach allows users to retrieve only those documents contain special keywords. However, searchable encryption algorithms suffer from security problems. This paper first explains Public key Encryption with Keyword Search (PEKS) algorithm and then proposes an improved secure searchable encryption algorithm based on Indistinguishability under Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA2). The proposed searchable encryption is mathematically proven secure and it has the ability to perform a search within encrypted data.
Design and evaluation of shielded gradient coils

Techniques are described for the design of shielded gradient coils for superconducting MRI systems. These design methods are suited for constructing the most efficient gradient coil that meets a specified homogeneity requirement. Tradeoffs in coil design of efficiency with coil size and gap size are discussed. Residual eddy currents from coils constructed with a finite number of wires are calculated and give guidelines for the construction of efficient, whole‐body gradient coils.
Detecting Opinions in Tweets

Given the incessant growth of documents describing the opinions of different people circulating on the web, including Web 2.0 has made it possible to give an opinion on any product in the net. In this paper, we examine the various opinions expressed in the tweets and classify them positive, negative or neutral by using the emoticons for the Bayesian method and adjectives and adverbs for the Turney's method
A Generic Algorithmic Framework to Solve Special Versions of the Set Partitioning Problem

Given a set of individuals, a collection of subsets, and a cost associated to each subset, the Set Partitioning Problem (SPP) consists in selecting some of these subsets to build a partition of the individuals that minimizes the total cost. This combinatorial optimization problem has been used to model dozens of problems arising in specific domains of Artificial Intelligence and Operational Research, such as coalition structures generation, community detection, multilevel data analysis, workload balancing, image processing, and database optimization. All these applications are actually interested in special versions of the SPP where assumptions regarding the admissible subsets constraint the search space and allow tractable optimization algorithms. However, there is a major lack of unity regarding the identification, the formalization, and the resolution of these strongly-related problems. This paper hence proposes a generic framework to design dynamic programming algorithms that fit with the particular algebraic structure of special versions of the SPP. We show how this framework can be applied to two well-known versions, thus opening a unified approach to solve new ones that might arise in the future.
CMA: Chip multi-accelerator

Custom acceleration has been a standard choice in embedded systems thanks to the power density and performance efficiency it provides. Parallelism is another orthogonal scalability path that efficiently overcomes the increasing limitation of frequency scaling in current general-purpose architectures. In this paper we propose a multi-accelerator architecture that combines the best of both worlds, parallelism and custom acceleration, while addressing the programmability inconvenience of heterogeneous multiprocessing systems. A Chip Multi-Accelerator (CMA) is a regular parallel architecture where each core is complemented with a custom accelerator to speed up specific functions. Furthermore, by using techniques to efficiently merge more than one custom accelerator together, we are able to cram as many accelerators as needed by the application or a domain of applications. We demonstrate our approach on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) case study. We show that starting from a baseline description of several SDR waveforms and candidate tasks for acceleration, we are able to map the different waveforms on the heterogeneous multi-accelerator architecture while keeping a logical view of a regular multi-core architecture, thus simplifying the mapping of the waveforms onto the multi-accelerator.
Doctoral students as journal editors: non‐formal learning through academic work

Much attention has been paid to formal pedagogic elements of the doctorate – supervision and other structured institutional provisions – but we know less about the role played by non‐formal practices in doctoral students’ learning. This paper explores the experiences of eight doctoral students involved in editing student‐run journals. Editorship and reviewing manuscripts are presented as part of academic service – important yet overlooked aspects of academic work, which may be opaque to doctoral students. The analysis draws on concepts relating to workplace learning to understand what these student editors learned and how they learned it. It also pays explicit attention to learners’ prior learning and experiences and the role these played in their editorial work.
Equality in lazy computation systems

The author introduces a general class of lazy computation systems and defines a natural program equivalence for them. He proves that if an extensionality condition holds of each of the operators of a computational system, then the equivalence relation is a congruence, so that the usual kinds of equality reasoning are valid for it. This condition is a simple syntactic one and is easy to verify for the various lazy computation systems considered so far. Conditions are given under which the equivalence coincides with observational congruence. These results have important consequences for type theories. <<ETX>>
Globally Optimal O(n) Solution to the PnP Problem for General Camera Models

We present a novel and fast algorithm to solve the Perspective-n-Point problem. The PnP problem estimating the pose of a calibrated camera based on measurements and known 3D scene, is recasted as a minimization problem of the Object Space Cost. Instead of limiting the algorithm to perspective cameras, we use a formulation for general camera models. The minimization problem, together with a quaternion based representation of the rotation, is transferred into a semi definite positive program (SDP). This transfer is done in O(n) time and leads to an SDP of constant size. The solution of the SDP is a global minimizer of the PnP problem, which can be estimated in less than 0.15 seconds for 100 points.
Energy concentration and brittle crack propagation

The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap between the classical treatment of brittle fracture mechanics and the new idea of considering the crack evolution as a free discontinuity problem. Griffith and Irwin criterions of crack propagation are studied and transformed in order to be no longer dependent on any prescription of the geometry of the crack during its evolution. The inequality contained in theorem 6.1. represents the link between generalized Irwin and Griffith criterions of brittle crack propagation. The physical meaning of this inequality is explained in the last section. Further information available at this http URL .
Representation and images of people, place and nature in grenada's tourism

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper is to examine the visual images occurring in Grenada's place promotion materials. Tourism has become Grenada's principal source of foreign exchange and employment generation. With the increasing popularity of eco‐ and nature‐tourism, the island has looked to this form of specialty tourism as a way to diversify its tourism product. Tourism is a uniquely visual industry; thus semiotics, the study of signs, was chosen for this study because of its ability to analyze the representations a tourist would encounter prior to reaching a destination or prior to participating in activities at the destination that would influence his or her expectations. Emphasis was placed on the images found in promotional materials and advertisements of Grenada to determine the mythology and ideology behind them. These images fell broadly into one of three categories: people, place or nature. Each category was represented as an ‘other’ that may be discussed in terms of dualities such as natural–artificial, exotic‐familiar, and active‐passive. The study concludes that images take on the myth of something different breaking the routine of the tourist's ordinary, daily life.
The Quantitative Basis of the Arabidopsis Innate Immune System to Endemic Pathogens Depends on Pathogen Genetics

The most established model of the eukaryotic innate immune system is derived from examples of large effect monogenic quantitative resistance to pathogens. However, many host-pathogen interactions involve many genes of small to medium effect and exhibit quantitative resistance. We used the Arabidopsis-Botrytis pathosystem to explore the quantitative genetic architecture underlying host innate immune system in a population of Arabidopsis thaliana. By infecting a diverse panel of Arabidopsis accessions with four phenotypically and genotypically distinct isolates of the fungal necrotroph B. cinerea, we identified a total of 2,982 genes associated with quantitative resistance using lesion area and 3,354 genes associated with camalexin production as measures of the interaction. Most genes were associated with resistance to a specific Botrytis isolate, which demonstrates the influence of pathogen genetic variation in analyzing host quantitative resistance. While known resistance genes, such as receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs), were found to be enriched among associated genes, they only account for a small fraction of the total genes associated with quantitative resistance. Using publically available co-expression data, we condensed the quantitative resistance associated genes into co-expressed gene networks. GO analysis of these networks implicated several biological processes commonly connected to disease resistance, including defense hormone signaling and ROS production, as well as novel processes, such as leaf development. Validation of single gene T-DNA knockouts in a Col-0 background demonstrate a high success rate (60%) when accounting for differences in environmental and Botrytis genetic variation. This study shows that the genetic architecture underlying host innate immune system is extremely complex and is likely able to sense and respond to differential virulence among pathogen genotypes.
Early Mobilisation after Stroke: Review of the Literature

Background: Mobilisation of acute stroke patients – in bed and out of bed as early as possible – is currently recommended to prevent general and neurological complications. However, mobilisation protocols are poorly defined and need to be standardised in order to evaluate their clinical benefits. The purpose of this study is to highlight recent advances in recommendations for mobilisation of acute stroke and early neurological rehabilitation as found in the recent literature. Methods: A Medline research was conducted from January 1950 to August 2005. Results: Data synthesis of the observational studies and meta-analyses suggests that for most patients with acute stroke, early mobilisation is not harmful and may well be beneficial. However, no controlled study exists comparing early (e.g. 1–3 days) versus late (e.g. 1–2 weeks) mobilisation. Based on the available data and on pathophysiological considerations, we have developed a partially individualised procedure with precise entry and exit points for early mobilisation according to clinical status. Conclusions: Insufficient data are available to prove the beneficial effects of early mobilisation after stroke, although early neurological rehabilitation as part of routine stroke unit care seems to contribute to good long-term outcome. This article presents a standardised procedure for early mobilisation that may be tested in a randomised study between early mobilisation out of bed (3 days) compared to late mobilisation (6 days).
A game-theoretic approach to efficient power control in CDMA data networks

Game theory is a branch of mathematics and is a powerful tool for analyzing resource conflicts. In wireless communication systems, power and bandwidth (spectrum) are two fundamental and conflicting resources. Efficient use of these resources in the operation of wireless communication systems is challenging. In this paper, the application of game theory for studying uplink power control in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks is proposed. Power control problem is modeled as a N-person non-cooperative game in which each mobile user tries to maximize its own utility without any deal among the users. A utility function is defined for each user, which represents the user's choice with respect to the carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) and the transmitter power. Two main assumptions are made about the utility function in this work. Under the two assumptions, it is shown that there exists an optimum operating point referred to as a “Nash equilibrium” that is unique. One special condition is studied by defining the utility as a linear function. This basic model covers many of the studied power control problems.
Static gauge potential from noncritical strings

The static gauge potential between heavy sources is computed from a recently introduced non-critical bosonic string background. When the sources are located at the infinity of the holographic coordinate, the linear dilaton behavior is recovered, which means that the potential is exactly linear in the separation between the sources. When the sources are moved towards the origin, a competing overconfining cubic branch appears, which is however disfavored energetically.
Digital Subtraction Cystography for Detection of Communicating Holes of Spinal Extradural Arachnoid Cysts

Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of digital subtraction cystography to identify communicating holes between a spinal extradural arachnoid cyst (SEAC) and the subarachnoid space prior to cyst removal and hole closure. Materials and Methods Six patients with SEAC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Digital subtraction cystography and subsequent CT myelography were performed for every patient. The presence and location of the communicating holes on cystography were documented. We evaluated the MRI characteristics of the cysts, including location, size, and associated spinal cord compression; furthermore, we reviewed cystographic images, CT myelograms, procedural reports, and medical records for analysis. If surgery was performed after cystography, intraoperative findings were compared with preoperative cystography. Results The location of the communicating hole between the arachnoid cyst and the subarachnoid space was identified by digital subtraction cystography in all cases (n = 6). Surgical resection of SEAC was performed in 4 patients, and intraoperative location of the communicating hole exactly corresponded to the preoperative identification. Conclusion Fluoroscopic-guided cystography for SEAC accurately demonstrates the presence and location of dural defects. Preoperative digital subtraction cystography is useful for detection of a communicating hole between a cyst and the subarachnoid space.
Experiential Avoidance, Mindfulness and Depression in Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

Abstract This preliminary study sought to explore the link between depression, experiential avoidance and mindfulness in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). We surveyed patients listed on the SCI database at Royal Perth Hospital who had experienced an injury over the last 10 years. Respondents (62) completed a questionnaire including the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2; Bond et al., 2007) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003). Thirty per cent of participants scored above the cut-off for possible depression, with equal numbers experiencing mild, moderate or severe depression. Mindfulness and experiential avoidance were significantly associated with depression, and were intercorrelated. Further, regression analysis indicated that experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between depression and mindfulness. Our preliminary data suggest that individuals with SCI who are more mindful use less avoidance and have a more positive mood. These results indicate further work in this area is warranted.
Dual-energy CT in patients suspected of having renal masses: can virtual nonenhanced images replace true nonenhanced images?

PURPOSE To qualitatively and quantitatively compare virtual nonenhanced (VNE) data sets derived from dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) with true nonenhanced (TNE) data sets in the same patients and to calculate potential radiation dose reductions for a dual-phase renal multidetector CT compared with a standard triple-phase protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board; all patients provided written informed consent. Seventy one men (age range, 30-88 years) and 39 women (age range, 22-87 years) underwent preoperative DE CT that included unenhanced, DE nephrographic, and delayed phases. DE CT parameters were 80 and 140 kV, 96 mAs (effective). Collimation was 14 x 1.2 mm. CT numbers were measured in renal parenchyma and tumor, liver, aorta, and psoas muscle. Image noise was measured on TNE and VNE images. Exclusion of relevant anatomy with the 26-cm field of view detector was quantified with a five-point scale (0 = none, 4 = >75%). Image quality and noise (1 = none, 5 = severe) and acceptability for VNE and TNE images were rated. Effective radiation doses for DE CT and TNE images were calculated. Differences were tested with a Student t test for paired samples. RESULTS Mean CT numbers (+/- standard deviation) on TNE and VNE images, respectively, for renal parenchyma were 30.8 HU +/- 4.0 and 31.6 HU +/- 7.1, P = . 29; liver, 55.8 HU +/- 8.6 and 57.8 HU +/- 10.1, P = . 11; aorta, 42.1 HU +/- 4.1 and 43.0 HU +/- 8.8, P = . 16; psoas, 47.3 HU +/- 5.6 and 48.1 HU +/- 9.3 HU, P = . 38. No exclusion of the contralateral kidney was seen in 50 patients, less than 25% was seen in 43, 25%-50% was seen in 13, and 50%-75% was seen in four. Mean image noise was 1.71 +/- 0.71 for VNE and 1.22 +/- 0.45 for TNE (P < .001); image quality was 1.70 HU +/- 0.72 for VNE and 1.15 HU +/- 0.36 for TNE (P < .0001). In all but three patients radiologists accepted VNE images as replacement for TNE images. Mean effective dose for DE CT scans of the abdomen was 5.21 mSv +/- 1.86 and that for nonenhanced scans was 4.97 mSv +/- 1.43. Mean dose reduction by omitting the TNE scan was 35.05%. CONCLUSION In patients with renal masses, DE CT can provide high-quality VNE data sets, which are a reasonable approximation of TNE data sets. Integration of DE scanning into a renal mass protocol will lower radiation exposure by 35%.
Genome Sequence of Enterococcus mundtii EM01, Isolated from Bombyx mori Midgut and Responsible for Flacherie Disease in Silkworms Reared on an Artificial Diet

ABSTRACT The whole genome sequence of Enterococcus mundtii strain EM01 is reported here. The isolate proved to be the cause of flacherie in Bombyx mori. To date, the genomes of 11 other E. mundtii strains have been sequenced. EM01 is the only strain that displayed active pathological effects on its associated animal species.
A Benchmark Diagnostic Model Generation System

It is critical to use automated generators for synthetic models and data given the sparsity of benchmark models for empirical analysis and the cost of generating models by hand. We describe an automated generator for benchmark models that is based on using a compositional modeling framework and employs graphical models for the system topology. We propose a three-step process for synthetic model generation: 1) domain analysis; 2) topology generation; and 3) system-level behavioral model generation. To demonstrate our approach on two highly different domains, we generate models using this process for circuits drawn from the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems benchmark suite and a process-control system. We then analyze the synthetic models according to two criteria: 1) topological fidelity and 2) diagnostic efficiency. Based on this comparison, we identify parameters necessary for the autogenerated models to generate benchmark diagnosis circuit and process-control models with realistic properties.