Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New allelic variants found in key rice salt-tolerance genes: an association study.

Salt stress is a complex physiological trait affecting plants by limiting growth and productivity. Rice, one of the most important food crops, is rated as salt-sensitive. High-throughput screening methods are required to exploit novel sources of genetic variation in rice and further improve salinity tolerance in breeding programmes. To search for genotypic differences related to salt stress, we genotyped 392 rice accessions by EcoTILLING. We targeted five key salt-related genes involved in mechanisms such as Na(+) /K(+) ratio equilibrium, signalling cascade and stress protection, and we found 40 new allelic variants in coding sequences. By performing association analyses using both general and mixed linear models, we identified 11 significant SNPs related to salinity. We further evaluated the putative consequences of these SNPs at the protein level using bioinformatic tools. Amongst the five nonsynonymous SNPs significantly associated with salt-stress traits, we found a T67K mutation that may cause the destabilization of one transmembrane domain in OsHKT1;5, and a P140A alteration that significantly increases the probability of OsHKT1;5 phosphorylation. The K24E mutation can putatively affect SalT interaction with other proteins thus impacting its function. Our results have uncovered allelic variants affecting salinity tolerance that may be important in breeding.
Karyological and molecular analysis of three endemic loaches (Actinopterygii: Cobitoidea) from Kor River basin, Iran

This study provides new data on chromosomal characteristics and DNA barcoding of three endemic loaches of Iran: spiny southern loach Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1847), Persian stream loach Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1848) and Tongiorgi stream loach Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998). The chromosomes of these fishes were investigated by examining metaphase chromosome spreads obtained from epithelial gill and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome numbers of all three species were 2n=50. The karyotypes of C. linea consisted of 4M + 40SM + 6ST, NF=94; of O. persa by 20M + 22SM + 8ST, NF=90 and of O. tongiorgii by 18M + 24SM + 8ST, NF= 92. Sex chromosomes were cytologically indistinguishable in these loaches. Maximum likelihood-based estimation of the phylogenetic relationships based on the COI barcode region clearly separates the three Iranian loach species of the Kor River basin. All species distinguished by morphological characters were recovered as monophyletic clades by the COI barcodes. The obtained results could be used for population studies, management and conservation programs.
MMPI Performances in Major Motor, Psychomotor and Mixed Seizure Classifications of Known and Unknown Etiology

MMPI performances were investigated in the following 8 groups of patients. Three groups with seizures of known etiology (major motor, psychomotor and mixed major motor and psychomotor) were matched on age, education and diagnostic classification, and were compared with three similar groups of seizure patients in whom etiology was unknown, and with a control group and a group of brain damaged patients without epilepsy. Intergroup comparisons of mean T scores on 3 validity scales and 8 clinical scales of the MMPI yielded no significant differences. An analysis of the percentage of Ss in each group obtaining their highest score on a given clinical scale showed elevations to occur more frequently on D (Depression) than on any other scale. Intergroup comparisons on percent of Ss with MMPI T scores > 70 on each scale and on a combined‐ index of MMPI disturbance yielded a number of significant differences. The highest percent of T scores > 70 across the 8 clinical scales occurred in the non‐neurological control group, and the lowest percentage was found in subjects with major motor epilepsy of unknown etiology. The two groups of subjects with mixed seizures were second only to the non‐neurological control group with respect to percent of subjects with significantly elevated MMPI scores.
The Origin of [C ii] 157 μm Emission in a Five-component Interstellar Medium: The Case of NGC 3184 and NGC 628

With its relatively low ionization potential, C+ can be found throughout the interstellar medium (ISM) and provides one of the main cooling channels of the ISM via the [C ii] 157 μm emission. While the strength of the [C ii] line correlates with the star formation rate, the contributions of the various gas phases to the [C ii] emission on galactic scales are not well established. In this study we establish an empirical multi-component model of the ISM, including dense H ii regions, dense photon dissociation regions (PDRs), the warm ionized medium (WIM), low density and surfaces of molecular clouds (SfMCs), and the cold neutral medium (CNM). We test our model on ten luminous regions within the two nearby galaxies NGC 3184 and NGC 628 on angular scales of 500–600 pc. Both galaxies are part of the Herschel key program KINGFISH, and are complemented by a large set of ancillary ground- and space-based data. The five modeled phases together reproduce the observed [C ii] emission quite well, overpredicting the total flux slightly (about 45%) averaged over all regions. We find that dense PDRs are the dominating component, contributing 68% of the [C ii] flux on average, followed by the WIM and the SfMCs, with mean contributions of about half of the contribution from dense PDRs, each. CNM and dense H ii regions are only minor contributors with less than 5% each. These estimates are averaged over the selected regions, but the relative contributions of the various phases to the [C ii] flux vary significantly between these regions.
Ideology, Conflict, and Leadership in Groups and Organizations

languages. Understandably, there is de tailed and important description of the practical aspects of the use of interpreters during interviews, a subject that is often taken even more for granted than transla tion of psychiatric measures. The section on depression and culture is an excellent and comprehensive account of the subject and covers the perplexing findings that depres sion, once thought to be rare in Africa, is now found to be more common than in the West. Other topics well covered include the methods and processes of biomÃ©dicaland traditional diagnoses of mental disorders and the variety of health practitioners who are accessed for mental health problems in southern Africa. The two great qualities of this book are its style of writing, and its balanced presentation of arguments and facts. The style is intensely personal, reflecting at each corner the intimate experience in teaching, research and service provision of the author's long and committed involvement
Tubulin hooks as probes for microtubule polarity: an analysis of the method and an evaluation of data on microtubule polarity in the mitotic spindle

The structural polarity of cellular microtubules can be visualized in situ by lysing cells in special buffers containing tubulin. Under these conditions, the tubulin polymerizes to form curved sheets which attach to the walls of the endogenous microtubules. When such decorated microtubules are cut in cross section and viewed in the electron microscope, they appear to bear hooks curving clockwise or counter- clockwise. The direction of hook curvature is defined by the orientation of the decorated microtubule and thus serves as a probe for microtubule polarity. In this paper we describe a way to analyze the relative frequencies of hooks of different curvatures so as to measure the fidelity of the relation between hook curvature and microtubule polarity. The assumptions of the method are tested and found to be valid to a reasonable accuracy. The correlation between hook curvature and microtubule orientation is shown to be at least 0.98 for the spindles of PtK cells and Haemanthus endosperm at all stages of division and at all places in the spindle. The correlation is shown to be valid for each hook that forms, so the polarity of those microtubules that bear multiple hooks is specified with even better certainty than 0.98. This property of hook decoration is used to reinvestigate the possibility that some of the microtubules of the kinetochore fiber might be oriented with their plus ends distal to the kinetochore (opposite to the direction previously shown to predominate). Close analysis fails to identify such oppositely oriented microtubules. The scoring of tubules bearing multiple hooks also shows that individual interzone fibers at anaphase are constructed from clusters of antiparallel microtubules. The method for estimating the correlation between hook decoration and microtubule polarity is shown to be applicable to many structures and circumstances, but we find that the hook decoration assay for microtubule polarity is not uniformly accurate. We suggest that future studies using hook decorations should employ the method of data analysis presented here to assess the accuracy of the results obtained.
One con conflict ’ The price of your soul : neural evidence for the non-utilitarian representation of sacred values

(189 articles) cognition (333 articles) behaviour Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article-sign up in the box at the top Sacred values, such as those associated with religious or ethnic identity, underlie many important individual and group decisions in life, and individuals typically resist attempts to trade off their sacred values in exchange for material benefits. Deontological theory suggests that sacred values are processed based on rights and wrongs irrespective of outcomes, while utilitarian theory suggests that they are processed based on costs and benefits of potential outcomes, but which mode of processing an individual naturally uses is unknown. The study of decisions over sacred values is difficult because outcomes cannot typically be realized in a laboratory, and hence little is known about the neural representation and processing of sacred values. We used an experimental paradigm that used integrity as a proxy for sacredness and which paid real money to induce individuals to sell their personal values. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that values that people refused to sell (sacred values) were associated with increased activity in the left temporopar-ietal junction and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, regions previously associated with semantic rule retrieval. This suggests that sacred values affect behaviour through the retrieval and processing of deontic rules and not through a utilitarian evaluation of costs and benefits. 1. INTRODUCTION Sacred values include fundamental religious beliefs, core constructs of national and ethnic identities and moral norms. These values motivate many important individual and group decisions in life. Decisions bounded by them range from purchasing consumer goods such as kosher foods, patronizing Christian businesses, investing in socially responsible mutual funds, to deciding whom to marry. Disagreements over sacred values also contribute to many political and military conflicts and may also underlie some acts of political violence [1,2]. Thus, understanding how sacred values are represented and processed in the human mind has far-reaching implications for policymakers. By definition, personal sacred values are values for which individuals resist trade-offs with other values, particularly economic or materialistic incentives [3].
Algorithms for the multi-period power-aware logical topology design with reconfiguration costs

We tackle the problem of reducing power consumption in IP-over-WDM networks, targeting the power-aware logical topology design (LTD). Unlike the previous work in the literature, our solution reduces the power consumption with consideration of the cost (in terms of reconfigured traffic) incurred when the network is reconfigured. We first formulate the LTD with reconfiguration costs as an optimization problem. Then, we present three heuristics to effectively solve it. We compare our algorithms over an extensive set of networks and scenarios. Results indicate that our algorithms are effective in reducing power consumption while limiting the amount of traffic that is reconfigured. Moreover, we show that the input parameters are intuitive and easy to set, which makes our algorithms more practical.
Multi-modal tensor face for simultaneous super-resolution and recognition

Face images of non-frontal views under poor illumination resolution reduce dramatically face recognition accuracy. This is evident most compellingly by the very low recognition rate of all existing face recognition systems when applied to live CCTV camera input. In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework to perform multimodal (such as variations in viewpoint and illumination) face image super-resolution for recognition in tensor space. Given a single modal low-resolution face image, we benefit from the multiple factor interactions of training sensor and super-resolve its high-resolution reconstructions across different modalities for face recognition. Instead of performing pixel-domain super-resolution and recognition independently as two separate sequential processes, we integrate the tasks of super-resolution and recognition by directly computing a maximum likelihood identity parameter vector in high-resolution tensor space for recognition. We show results from multi-modal super-resolution and face recognition experiments across different imaging modalities, using low-resolution images as testing inputs and demonstrate improved recognition rates over standard tensorface and eigenface representations
Raptor: Optimal Protein Threading by Linear Programming

This paper presents a novel linear programming approach to do protein 3-dimensional (3D) structure prediction via threading. Based on the contact map graph of the protein 3D structure template, the protein threading problem is formulated as a large scale integer programming (IP) problem. The IP formulation is then relaxed to a linear programming (LP) problem, and then solved by the canonical branch-and-bound method. The final solution is globally optimal with respect to energy functions. In particular, our energy function includes pairwise interaction preferences and allowing variable gaps which are two key factors in making the protein threading problem NP-hard. A surprising result is that, most of the time, the relaxed linear programs generate integral solutions directly. Our algorithm has been implemented as a software package RAPTOR-RApid Protein Threading by Operation Research technique. Large scale benchmark test for fold recognition shows that RAPTOR significantly outperforms other programs at the fold similarity level. The CAFASP3 evaluation, a blind and public test by the protein structure prediction community, ranks RAPTOR as top 1, among individual prediction servers, in terms of the recognition capability and alignment accuracy for Fold Recognition (FR) family targets. RAPTOR also performs very well in recognizing the hard Homology Modeling (HM) targets. RAPTOR was implemented at the University of Waterloo and it can be accessed at http://www.cs. uwaterloo.ca/~j3xu/RAPTOR_form. htm.
Harmonic adaptive noise canceler for electrocardiography with no power-line reference

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are of great importance as they provide plenty of information for the cardiologists. Power-line interference is a major source of distortion for ECGs. Notch filters have been proposed to reduce this kind of interference but they cannot track frequency variations and cannot reduce the power-line harmonic distortion. Adaptive canceling techniques have been proposed to track the frequency variations and reduce the harmonic distortion, yet they are dependent on sampling an external power-line reference, increasing the system complexity. In this paper we propose a modified adaptive canceler that can reduce the harmonic power-line interference without the need to sample an external power-line reference. We show that the performance of our canceler is comparable to the idealistic adaptive canceler that is dependent on sampling an external power-line signal.
Typing classical polymorphisms by real‐time PCR: Analysis of the GPT and ALAD protein polymorphisms in the Jewish populations

Expanding the already extensive data array on classical polymorphisms in new populations is beneficial to full characterization of the intricate relationships between human populations. This can be done in a short time on a large‐scale by using real‐time PCR. The red‐cell enzymes Δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) have each two alleles that can be separated by protein electrophoresis. They were previously characterized by protein electrophoresis in some of the Jewish populations. We designed primers and probes for fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection of the ALAD and GPT alleles to type Jewish populations including some in which these polymorphisms have not been studied in the past. The methods described here allow fast and efficient determination of these common classical polymorphisms. When used in large‐scale population studies, these methods are not only faster, but also cheaper than amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. The frequency of ALAD*1 among Jews ranges from 0.781 to 0.960 and that of GPT*1 from 0.412 to 0.773. A maximum likelihood tree based on the ALAD and GPT polymorphisms and five other red‐cells enzymes polymorphisms depicts quite accurately the known historic, anthropological, and geographic relations between the Jewish populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex Linear Projection (CLP): A Discriminative Approach to Joint Feature Extraction and Acoustic Modeling

State-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically rely on pre-processed features. This paper studies the time-frequency duality in ASR feature extraction methods and proposes extending the standard acoustic model with a complex-valued linear projection layer to learn and optimize features that minimize standard cost functions such as crossentropy. The proposed Complex Linear Projection (CLP) features achieve superior performance compared to pre-processed Log Mel features.
Modeled Importance of Learning Strategies and Children's Achievement Behaviors.

This experiment explored how incorporating the importance of task strategy use and positive achievement belieft into cognitive modeling affected self-efficacy and skill acquisition. Students deficient in division skills received cognitive modeling of division solution strategies and practice opportunities. For one group of students the cognitive modeling stressed the importance of using task strategies, for a second group it emphasized the importance of positive achievement beliefs, students in a third condition received modeled importance of both task strategy use and positive achievement beliefs, and those in'a fourth condition received cognitive modeling alone. Modeling the importance of using task strategies enhanced students' motivation and skill development, but modeling the importance of both task strategies and achievement beliefs led to the highest self-efficacy. Implications for teaching are discussed. (Author) Abstract This experiment expled.how incorporating the importance of task strategy use and positive achievement beliefs into cognitive modeling affected self-efficacy and skill acquisition. Students deficient in division skills received cognitive modeling of division solution strategies and practice opportunities. For one group of students the cognitive modeling stressed the importance of using task strategies, for a second group it emphasized the importance of positive achievement beliefs•, students in a third condition received modeled importance of both task strategy use and positive achievement beliefs, and those in a fourth condition received cognitive modeling alone. Modeling the importance of using task strategies enhanced students' motivation and skill development, but modeling the importance of both task strategies and achievement beliefs led to the highest self-efficacy. Implications for teaching are discussed.
Psychosocial disability during the long-term course of unipolar major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to investigate psychosocial disability in relation to depressive symptom severity during the long-term course of unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Monthly ratings of impairment in major life functions and social relationships were obtained during an average of 10 years' systematic follow-up of 371 patients with unipolar MDD in the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study. Random regression models were used to examine variations in psychosocial functioning associated with 3 levels of depressive symptom severity and the asymptomatic status. RESULTS A progressive gradient of psychosocial impairment was associated with a parallel gradient in the level of depressive symptom severity, which ranges from asymptomatic to subthreshold depressive symptoms to symptoms at the minor depression/dysthymia level to symptoms at the MDD level. Significant increases in disability occurred with each stepwise increment in depressive symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS During the long-term course, disability is pervasive and chronic but disappears when patients become asymptomatic. Depressive symptoms at levels of subthreshold depressive symptoms, minor depression/ dysthymia, and MDD represent a continuum of depressive symptom severity in unipolar MDD, each level of which is associated with a significant stepwise increment in psychosocial disability.
The interactional context of language learning in Tzeltal

This paper addresses the theories of Eve Clark about how children learn word meanings in western middle-class interactional contexts by examining child language data from a Tzeltal Maya society in southern Mexico where interaction patterns are radically different. Through examples of caregiver interactions with children 12-30 months old, I ask what lessons we can learn from how the details of these interactions unfold in this non-child-centered cultural context, and specifically, what aspects of the Tzeltal linguistic and interactional context might help to focus children’s attention on the meanings and the conventional forms of words being used around them.
An Equivalence-Checking Method for Scheduling Verification in High-Level Synthesis

A formal method for checking equivalence between a given behavioral specification prior to scheduling and the one produced by the scheduler is described. Finite state machine with data path (FSMD) models have been used to represent both the behaviors. The method consists of introducing cutpoints in one FSMD, visualizing its computations as concatenation of paths from cutpoints to cutpoints, and identifying equivalent finite path segments in the other FSMD; the process is then repeated with the FSMDs interchanged. Unlike many other reported techniques, this method is strong enough to work when path segments in the original behavior are merged, a common feature of scheduling. It is also capable of verifying several arithmetic transformations and many code-motion techniques employed during scheduling. Correctness and complexity of the method have been dealt with. Experimental results for several high-level synthesis benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.