Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the optimal combination of lifting method and intensity for power production during the hang clean

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of lifting method and load intensity for power production during the hang clean. Twenty college students (18 male, 2 female) performed one set of three repetitions of the hang clean at four different intensities for each method while standing on a force platform embedded in the floor. Intensities were set at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM and the methods tested were Contact, where the participant maintained contact with the force platform throughout the lift, and Jump, where the participant jumped through the pull phase of the lift and became airborne. Each participant performed a total of 24 repetitions. There was a statistically significant interaction between lifting method and load intensity on power production (p < .05). Simple main effects were examined and for the contact method power production was significantly different between the four intensities (p < .05). Post hoc analyses with a Bonferroni adjustment indicated that power production increased significantly from 50% 1RM to 80% 1RM. Specifically, power production was significantly greater at 80% 1RM than 50% 1RM (p < .05). Power production was also significantly greater at 70% 1RM than 50% 1RM (p < .05). Power production at 70% 1RM was significantly greater than power production at 50% 1RM regardless of method (p < .05). The jump method produced significantly more power at each intensity than the contact method (p < .05). In order to maximize power production, it is recommended that when it can be executed safely and correctly, athletes should employ the jump method when performing the hang clean. Until this competency is attained, using the contact method at heavier intensities is indicated to elicit greater power output.
A rapid and effective method for silver staining of PCR products separated in polyacrylamide gels

With the development of molecular quantitative genetics, particularly, genetic linkage map construction, quantitative trait loci mapping or genes fine mapping and association analysis etc., more and more PCR products separated in polyacrylamide gels need to be silver‐stained. However, conventional silver‐staining procedures are complicated and time‐consuming as they require a lot of preparation and handling of several solutions prior to use. In this study, a simple and rapid protocol for silver staining of PCR products was developed. The number of steps was reduced compared to conventional protocols, thus achieving detection of PCR products in 7 min, saving time and resources. Fixation and staining solution and developing solution in present staining procedure allowed a reutilization for 12 and 8 times, respectively, reducing the cost greatly. Meanwhile, the sensitivity was significantly improved with the improved method and the minimum of 0.097 ng/μL of DNA amount can be detected in denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The protocol developed in this study will facilitate the development of molecular quantitative genetics.
Heritage interpretation: Collective reconstruction of Sompur Mahavihara, Bangladesh

The 8th century Buddhist Monastery of Sompur Mahaviahara at Paharpur drew deep attention by the architectural historians of the South Asia from the very discovery of the ruins for its unique architectural features and strategic spatio-temporal location. During the first phase of study, we have developed a preliminary reconstructed 3D model of Sompur Mahaviahara - as ‘professional interpretation’[1]. But this attempt was hindered due to non-availability of substantial resources. At the same time we have found it almost impossible to depend solely on materials that are available at first hand to demonstrate a continuous narrative of this monument. This leads us to a second phase of study which attempts to collect and investigate ‘public interpretation’ of the same monument. We propose a novel approach of heritage interpretation for general people, opposing the traditional interpretation method. We have developed an interactive web-portal, where active online participants can collaborate and collectively generate a knowledge base of cultural memories. We hope through this participatory approach of reconstruction/interpretation will provide an understanding of public view about this monument and at the same time will generate a popular database which can later support our previous study to get a clearer picture of the past glory of Sompur Mahavihara. As a methodology ‘heritage interpretation’ is first conceptualized; followed by elaboration of professional interpretation. Similar cases have been studied and some new strategies have been picked to develop an online portal.
Laminar organization of the developing lateral olfactory tract revealed by differential expression of cell recognition molecules

The projection neurons in the olfactory bulb (mitral and tufted cells) send axons through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) onto several structures of the olfactory cortex. However, little is known of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying establishment of functional connectivity from the bulb to the cortex. Here, we investigated the developmental process of LOT formation by observing expression patterns of cell recognition molecules in embryonic mice. We immunohistochemically identified a dozen molecules expressed in the developing LOT and some of them were localized to subsets of mitral cell axons. Combinatorial immunostaining for these molecules revealed that the developing LOT consists of three laminas: superficial, middle, and deep. Detailed immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and 5‐bromodeoxyuridine labeling analyses suggested that the laminar organization reflects: 1) the segregated pathways from the accessory and main olfactory bulbs, and 2) the different maturity of mitral cell axons. Mitral cell axons of the accessory olfactory bulb were localized to the deep lamina, segregated from those of the main olfactory bulb. In the main olfactory pathway, axons of mature mitral cells, whose somata is located in the apical sublayer of the mitral cell layer, were localized to the middle lamina within LOT, while those of immature mitral cells that located in the basal sublayer were complementarily localized to the superficial lamina. These results suggest that newly generated immature axons are added to the most superficial lamina of LOT successively, leading to the formation of piled laminas with different maturational stages of the mitral cell axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:243–256, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
INFERRING SPECIATION RATES FROM PHYLOGENIES

Abstract It is possible to estimate the rate of diversification of clades from phylogenies with a temporal dimension. First, I present several methods for constructing confidence intervals for the speciation rate under the simple assumption of a pure birth process. I discuss the relationships among these methods in the hope of clarifying some fundamental theory in this area. Their performances are compared in a simulation study and one is recommended for use as a result. A variety of other questions that may, in fact, be the questions of primary interest (e.g., Has the rate of cladogenesis been declining? ) are then recast as biological variants of the purely statistical question—Is the birth process model appropriate for my data? Seen in this way, a preexisting arsenal of statistical techniques is opened up for use in this area: in particular, techniques developed for the analysis of Poisson processes and the analysis of survival data. These two approaches start from different representations of the data—the branch lengths in the tree—and I explicitly relate the two. Aiming for a synoptic account of useful theory in this area, I briefly discuss some important results from the analysis of two distinct birth-death processes: the one introduced into this area by Hey (1992) is refitted with some powerful statistical tools. Corresponding Editor: M. Whitlock
The Role of Urbanisation in the Economic Development Process: Evidence from Nigeria

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between urbanisation and economic growth, while controlling for the agricultural sector, industrial development and government expenditure in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables over the period 1961–2012. In the process of estimating the long-run coefficients, the ARDL method is augmented with a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator. The direction of causality between the variables is examined through the vector error correction method (VECM) Granger causality test. The results establish the existence of a long-run relationship in the variables. The results of the long-run regressions indicate the presence of long-run causality from urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation to economic growth. Due to the deficiencies associated with the single-equation methods (including the ARDL model), we also use the structural vector error correction model (SVECM) to analyse the relationship between the variables. The impulse response and variance decomposition analyses derived from the SVECM method suggest that urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation are important determinants of economic growth. The implications of the results are discussed. JEL Classification: Q43, O55, O18
Wind power prediction and pattern feature based on deep learning method

As a type of clean and renewable energy source, wind power is being widely used all around the world. However, owing to the uncertainty and instability of the wind power, it is essential to build an accurate prediction model for wind power. In order to build the model, the hidden rules of wind power patterns is extracted by historical data from wind farm based on deep belief network (DBN). Several experiments are conducted to compare different solutions to DBN. The experimental results show that prediction errors are significantly reduced using the proposed technique. Depth learning theory has a strong scientific and engineering practical value in the field of wind power prediction.
Estimating the impact of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh in the absence of dietary assessment data

Abstract Objective Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in Bangladesh. The 2011–12 Bangladesh Micronutrient Survey found 76·8 % of children of pre-school age were vitamin A deficient. In the absence of nationally representative, individual dietary assessment data, we use an alternative – household income and expenditure survey data – to estimate the potential impact of the introduction of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh. Design Items in the household income and expenditure survey were matched to food composition tables to estimate households’ usual vitamin A intakes. Then, assuming (i) the intra-household distribution of food is in direct proportion to household members’ share of the household’s total adult male consumption equivalents, (ii) all vegetable oil that is made from other-than mustard seed and that is purchased is fortifiable and (iii) oil fortification standards are implemented, we modelled the additional vitamin A intake due to the new fortification initiative. Setting Nationwide in Bangladesh. Subjects A weighted sample of 12240 households comprised of 55580 individuals. Results Ninety-nine per cent of the Bangladesh population consumes vegetable oil. The quantities consumed are sufficiently large and, varying little by socio-economic status, are able to provide an important, large-scale impact. At full implementation, vegetable oil fortification will reduce the number of persons with inadequate vitamin A intake from 115 million to 86 million and decrease the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake from 80 % to 60 %. Conclusions Vegetable oil is an ideal fortification vehicle in Bangladesh. Its fortification with vitamin A is an important public health intervention.
Experimental flat-panel high-spatial-resolution volume CT of the temporal bone.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A CT scanner employing a digital flat-panel detector is capable of very high spatial resolution as compared with a multi-section CT (MSCT) scanner. Our purpose was to determine how well a prototypical volume CT (VCT) scanner with a flat-panel detector system defines fine structures in temporal bone. METHODS Four partially manipulated temporal-bone specimens were imaged by use of a prototypical cone-beam VCT scanner with a flat-panel detector system at an isometric resolution of 150 microm at the isocenter. These specimens were also depicted by state-of-the-art multisection CT (MSCT). Forty-two structures imaged by both scanners were qualitatively assessed and rated, and scores assigned to VCT findings were compared with those of MSCT. RESULTS Qualitative assessment of anatomic structures, lesions, cochlear implants, and middle-ear hearing aids indicated that image quality was significantly better with VCT (P < .001). Structures near the spatial-resolution limit of MSCT (e.g., bony covering of the tympanic segment of the facial canal, the incudo-stapedial joint, the proximal vestibular aqueduct, the interscalar septum, and the modiolus) had higher contrast and less partial-volume effect with VCT. CONCLUSION The flat-panel prototype provides better definition of fine osseous structures of temporal bone than that of currently available MSCT scanners. This study provides impetus for further research in increasing spatial resolution beyond that offered by the current state-of-the-art scanners.
Hitting the Caspofungin Salvage Pathway of Human-Pathogenic Fungi with the Novel Lasso Peptide Humidimycin (MDN-0010)

ABSTRACT Fungal infections have increased dramatically in the last 2 decades, and fighting infectious diseases requires innovative approaches such as the combination of two drugs acting on different targets or even targeting a salvage pathway of one of the drugs. The fungal cell wall biosynthesis is inhibited by the clinically used antifungal drug caspofungin. This antifungal activity has been found to be potentiated by humidimycin, a new natural product identified from the screening of a collection of 20,000 microbial extracts, which has no major effect when used alone. An analysis of transcriptomes and selected Aspergillus fumigatus mutants indicated that humidimycin affects the high osmolarity glycerol response pathway. By combining humidimycin and caspofungin, a strong increase in caspofungin efficacy was achieved, demonstrating that targeting different signaling pathways provides an excellent basis to develop novel anti-infective strategies.
A novel approach for addressing extensibility issue in collaborative virtual environment

In order to achieve entity evolvement, enrich socialization of virtual community and optimize computer processing in the collaborative virtual environment (CVE), efficient collaborative interaction management (CIM) is a key to handle these issues. In this paper, we focus on functional extensibility in CVE, and give the solution by using the conceptual idea of our proposed CIM approach, called task-oriented interaction management. This approach has four important components, which are scene interaction manager, virtual entity interaction manager, interaction task agent, and scene role & rules. They have certain capabilities, like data distribution, load-balance, tasks migration, ownership transfer, entities' states consistency maintenance, database persistency management and etc. The motivation of this research is to develop an extensible and evolving CVE with extensible functionalities for creating large-scale collaborative interaction experience to users in a large-scale interconnected 3D virtual environment. Details of the conceptual framework of the task-oriented interaction management will be presented in this paper.
The GTP-Binding Domain of Class II Transactivator Regulates Its Nuclear Export

The transcriptional coactivator class II transactivator (CIITA), although predominantly localized in the nucleus, is also present in the cytoplasm. The subcellular distribution of CIITA is actively regulated by the opposing actions of nuclear export and import. In this study, we show that nuclear export is negatively regulated by the GTP-binding domain (GBD; aa 421–561) of CIITA: mutation or deletion of the GBD markedly increased export of CIITA from the nucleus. Remarkably, a CIITA GBD mutant binds CRM1/exportin significantly better than does wild-type CIITA, leading to the conclusion that GTP is a negative regulator of CIITA nuclear export. We also report that, in addition to the previously characterized N- and C-terminal nuclear localization signal elements, there is an additional N-terminal nuclear localization activity, present between aa 209 and 222, which overlaps the proline/serine/threonine-rich domain of CIITA. Thus, fine-tuning of the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of coactivator proteins involved in transcription is an active and dynamic process that defines a novel mechanism for controlling gene regulation.
Security Usability

In the security community, we have always recognized that our security proposals come with certain costs in terms of usability. To properly deliver security, we must scrap the assumption of a usability compromise. The primary goal for current security efforts should not be to further refine how many key bits can fit on the head of a pin, but to figure out how to make the existing stuff usable.
Mastering Mitral Leaflets Coaptation After Valve Repair with Adjustable Mitral Annuloplasty Ring: Proof of Concept in Mock Loop Study

This investigation sought to determine the feasibility of a novel mitral ring designed to reshape mitral annulus on beating heart, after surgery. The mitral ring is intended to improve mitral leaflets coaptation to correct residual and recurrent mitral regurgitations. It could also provide progressive correction of mitral regurgitation. The device was tested in ex vivo beating heart model. The novel mitral ring is selectively deformable in P1, P2, and P3 segments using a dedicated angioplasty-type balloon. The deformation should increase leaflets coaptation, reducing distance between the two leaflets. It was implanted using standard surgical techniques. The mock loop is based on passive beating heart. Mitral valve (MV) functioning was evaluated in terms of leaflets coaptation height at P2 level using epicardial echocardiography. The test has been completed on eight swine hearts. Ring size was 30 mm. The balloons were inserted in the connecting line. Each segment of the posterior annulus was independently activated over three progressive positions. Balloon inflation pressures were between 15 and 21 bar. Maximum coaptation height increase was 7 mm. Mean pressure gradient across the MV was 1.7 ± 0.3 mm Hg after complete activation of the device. The device allowed significant increase in coaptation height at P2 level after adjustments at P1, P2, and P3. Results were consistent and reproducible. This feasibility study demonstrates the possibility to reshape the mitral annulus on beating heart to precisely increase MV leaflets coaptation height.
Auditory Cortical Spatial Receptive Fields

Neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of anesthetized cats were studied for their sensitivity to directions of transient sounds in virtual acoustic space under a variety of conditions. An effective transient sound evokes a single spike or short burst of spikes with a precisely timed onset. The aggregate of effective directions forms a spatial receptive field. Typically, spatial receptive fields are large, often occupying a quadrant or more of acoustic space. Within the receptive field onset latency varies systematically with direction thereby providing information about source direction. This receptive field structure is highly robust, remaining relatively stable under conditions of competing sounds. Maximum likelihood analysis suggests that psychophysical spatial acuity can be achieved with a relatively small ensemble of AI neurons with broad receptive fields having response gradients of latency. Using reverse correlation and white-noise analysis receptive fields were mapped in space and time. This analysis revealed that spatial receptive fields of AI neurons need not be static but may exhibit marked temporal dynamics. This suggests a sensitivity for direction and speed of moving sound sources.
Safety Evaluation of ABELCET, an Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (ABLC): Toxicity Studies in Rats

ABELCET (ABLC) is a widely used amphotericin B lipid complex formulation that is approved for use in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients who are refractory or intolerant of conventional amphotericin B (AmB). The safety profile of ABLC has been characterized in two acute and two repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats. The acute toxicity studies indicated that single intravenous doses of ABLC are at least 20 times less toxic than conventional amphotericin B doses without the lipid formulation, Fungizone. Intravenous doses of 0, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg/day to groups of rats (10 to 15 rats/sex/group) for 31 days elicited no mortality or overt clinical signs of toxicity, whereas alternate intravenous/intraperitoneal doses (three each per week) for 6 months, produced one death in the control group, one in the intermediate-dose group, and two in the high-dose group. Clinical signs (predominantly piloerection and hunched posture at 10 mg/kg/day) were attributed to granulomatous inflammatory lesions in the abdominal wall, mesentery, and omentum, which were produced by the intraperitoneal injections of ABLC. Feed consumption and body weight gains decreased in high-dose male rats in the one-month study and were significantly lower in male rats at 3 and 10 mg/kg/day in the 6-month study. In contrast, water consumption increased in male and female rats in both studies. Trends of minimal to moderate, dose-related increases in relative kidney, liver and spleen weights, and histological evidence of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial cells in the liver and spleen and mild, dose-related impairment of renal function occurred in both the 1- and 6-month studies. Examination of high-dose rats following a recovery period of 28 days after completion of 31 days of dosing suggested that treatment-related changes were reversible. The observed changes for ABLC are similar to those for other amphotericin B lipid formulations, such as AmBisome (LAmB), except for the hepatoxicity, which was observed for LAmB, but not for ABLC.
Energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy of multilayers in semiconductors

Quantitative analysis of novel semiconductors with wide or ultrathin multilayers of atomic dimensions is very important in order to control electronic and optical properties, but rather difficult due to the limited resolution in most techniques. In this paper we attempt to assess how effectively the total As dopant concentration in ultrathin As doped layers in InP and the Ti atomic fraction in a TixAl1−xN multilayer can be analysed quantitatively using energy‐filtered imaging. These two materials have characteristic edges located at widely different energy losses, with the L edge of As being above 1000 eV, while that of Ti is around 450 eV. We have quantified the As concentration using the three‐window technique and theoretical cross‐sections and we find that the resolution limit is dominated by the signal‐to‐noise ratio in this delta‐doped specimen. However, the accuracy of the Ti atomic fraction in TixAl1−xN can be as good as 10 at% for specimens of uniform thickness made by focused ion beam milling. We will compare our results with measurements of the composition made using Fresnel contrast, high resolution imaging and high angle annular dark field techniques.