Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechano-electric system fault diagnosis based on wavelet analysis and neural networks

According to the trend of intelligence fault diagnosis and the variety of information provided by the equipment, the idea of integrated neural networks used in fault diagnosis is put forward in this paper for the first time, and the correlated questions about the new idea is also researched, such as how to model, how to realize, etc. It provides a new method for fault diagnosis. Integrated neural networks can be used to diagnose faults from different levels and different aspects, so it is conform to the actual situation well. In the paper wavelets' applications in fault diagnosis is given. Here wavelet is used as a tool of signal processing. By applying wavelets analyzing, one kind of new feature vector reflecting the faults is gotten, which can be used by neural networks as its training mode. This paper presents an intelligent methodology for diagnostics of incipient faults in rotating machinery. A fault diagnosis system is developed for rotating machinery. In this system, the wavelet transform techniques are used in combination with function approximation model to extract fault features used in the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery
A model of perception of the central point of elastic force fields

While exploratory movements are an integral part of the act of perceiving in the haptic modality, little is known about the processes that perform the mental synthesis necessary to gain a unified representation of the object. To address this issue, we investigated the accuracy and precision with which participants could identify the central position of a unidimensional elastic force field. The stiffness of the left and right sides of the force field was separately manipulated. An important characteristic of this task is that an elastic force near the rest point is presumably below the absolute threshold for force perception. In other words, the observer cannot directly identify this position from its sensory apparatus and must somehow extrapolate it. We found that the perceived centers of the force fields were biased toward the weaker side in asymmetric force fields and that the precision of the responses decreased with the strength of the force fields. We present a model of the perception of the central point of these force fields that can explain the observed biases. Future development of the model will aim at providing an account of the variable error.
Aerodynamic particle size analysis of aerosols from pressurized metered-dose inhalers: Comparison of andersen 8-stage cascade impactor, next generation pharmaceutical impactor, and model 3321 aerodynamic particle sizer aerosol spectrometer

The purpose of this research was to compare three different methods for the aerodynamic assessment of (1) chloroflurocarbon (CFC)-fluticasone propionate (Flovent), (2) CFC-sodium cromoglycate (Intal), and (3) hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar) delivered by pressurized metered dose inhaler. Particle size distributions were compared determining mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), geometric standard deviation (GSD), and fine particle fraction <4.7 μm aerodynamic diameter (FPF<4.7 μm). Next Generation Pharmaceutical Impactor (NGI)-size distributions for Flovent comprised finer particles than determined by Andersen 8-stage impactor (ACI) (MMAD=2.0±0.05 μm [NGI]; 2.8±0.07 μm [ACI]); however FPF<4.7 μm by both impactors was in the narrow range 88% to 93%. Size distribution agreement for Intal was better (MMAD=4.3±0.19 μm (NGI), 4.2±0.13 μm (ACI), with FPF<4.7 μm ranging from 52% to 60%. The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) undersized aerosols produced with either formulation (MMAD=1.8±0.07 μm and 3.2±0.02 μm for Flovent and Intal, respectively), but values of FPF<4.7 μm from the single-stage impactor (SSI) located at the inlet to the APS (82.9%±2.1% [Flovent], 46.4%±2.4% [Intal]) were fairly close to corresponding data from the multi-stage impactors. APS-measured size distributions for Qvar (MMAD=1.0±0.03 μm; FPF<4.7 μm=96.4% ±2.5%), were in fair agreement with both NGI (MMAD=0.9±0.03 μm; FPF<4.7 μm=96.7%±0.7%), and ACI (MMAD=1.2±0.02 μm, FPF<4.7 μm=98%±0.5%), but FPF<4.7 μm from the SSI (67.1%±4.1%) was lower than expected, based on equivalent data obtained by the other techniques. Particle bounce, incomplete evaporation of volatile constituents and the presence of surfactant particles are factors that may be responsible for discrepancies between the techniques.
Sleep in post‐traumatic stress disorder and panic: Convergence and divergence

Disturbed sleep is a common clinical problem in anxiety disorders, particularly in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (PD). Several studies have attempted to validate the subjective sleep complaints of these disorders using laboratory polysomnography. These attempts, typically focusing on PTSD or PD independently, have demonstrated inconsistent results. To our knowledge, no such studies have attempted to directly compare and contrast sleep disturbances in PTSD and PD together. Our review of the studies of subjective sleep disturbances, sleep architecture, and sleep‐related biologic phenomena suggests that a comparative characterization of sleep disturbances in these two disorders is timely. Such an inference is based on our identification of several areas of convergence and divergence between PTSD and PD found in the published literature, as well as our own preliminary investigations. Specifically, PTSD and PD seem to converge on several sleep‐related parameters, namely, sleep quality, presence of episodic parasomnias, and movement time. They also appear to diverge in other important sleep‐related areas such as respiratory disturbances and the particular phenomenological nature of episodic parasomnias, namely nightmares or nocturnal panic attacks. Investigations focusing on such overlapping phenomena may provide groundwork for further elucidation of central fear systems underlying these two disorders. Additionally, such sleep studies have the potential to provide important insights into ongoing efforts to develop a cohesive conceptual framework into the pathophysiologies of these disorders. Depression and Anxiety 18:187–197, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on Changes of E-shopper Behavior in the Internet Environment

In the Internet shopping environment, changes of customer's needs grow increasingly outstanding. For discovering the changes, the paper mines the transaction databases of different time periods by using association rule discovery, and extracts the association rules and discovers the changes in network customer behavior by comparison and analysis between the two sets of association rules. This paper presents a new algorithm that contains the first support, the second support and Rel-confidence. The algorithm solves the problem of the present algorithms cannot discover association rules with infrequent data items. And according to the changes of network customer's behavior, robust pattern, appearing pattern and unexpected change are presented to measure the changes
Modeling Malaysia Debt Threshold: Debt Composition Perspective

This study intends to examine the effect of the debt on economic growth of Malaysia from the perspective of domestic debt and external debt. Furthermore, the impact of different type of debts on growth upon either above or below certain threshold level of the debt also investigated using Threshold regression method for sample period 1980-2015. Empirical findings indicate that the threshold level for domestic debt is approximately 37% of GDP while 4% of GDP for external debt. Initial domestic debt accumulation contributes positively to the economic growth of Malaysia when the domestic debt level is below the threshold level but becomes detrimental to economic growth when the debt level exceeds the threshold level. On the other hand, external debt has negative impact on the economic growth when the debt is below the external debt threshold and become positive when exceed the threshold level. In terms of policy recommendation, government has an uphill task in managing the debt at optimal level as different type of debts and levels of debt may have different impact on the economic growth.
Stabilization of the anticodon stem-loop of tRNALys,3 by an A+-C base-pair and by pseudouridine.

NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the solution structures of RNA oligonucleotides comprising the anticodon domain of tRNALys,3. The structural effects of the pseudouridine modification at position 39 were investigated and are well correlated with changes in thermodynamic parameters derived from temperature dependent UV measurements. The pseudouridine-containing hairpin is thermodynamically more stable than the unmodified hairpin by 5 degreesC, and this corresponds with increased base stacking on the 3' side of the tRNA anticodon loop. An A+38-C32 base-pair also forms at the base of the anticodon stem with an approximate pKa of 6 for A38. Formation of the A+-C base-pair increases the Tm of both pseudouridine modified and unmodified RNA hairpins by 5-6 degreesC, and decreases the DeltaG degrees for hairpin formation by 1 kcal/mol. Solution structures were determined for both psi39 and unmodified hairpins under limiting pH conditions at pH 5 and pH 7 to assess the structural effects of both psi modification and the additional A+-C base-pair on tRNALys,3 structure. The A+38-C32 base-pair strengthens the 31-39 base-pair, and induces formation of a dynamic U33-A37 base-pair that effectively reduces the normal seven nucleotide anticodon loop to a three nucleotide UUU loop. These undermodified tRNALys,3 anticodon loops are distinctly different from those seen for other tRNAs exemplified by tRNAPhe. The conformation of the tRNA loop has important implications for the role of nucleoside modification in codon-anticodon recognition and for utilization of tRNALys,3 by HIV-1 as the native reverse transcriptase primer.
α‐Aminoxy acids as building blocks for the oxime and hydroxylamine pseudopeptide links. Application to the synthesis of human elastase inhibitors

The aminoxy acids NH2O–C–αHRCO–2H are much more easily obtained in the enantiomerically pure form than the analogous hydrazino acids NH2NH–C–αHRCO–2H, and it has been shown that the isosteric amidoxy ψ[CO–NH–O] and hydrazide ψ[CO–NH–NH] amide surrogates induce two quite similar γ‐like folded structures. An aminoxy acid can also be N‐coupled to a peptide aldehyde to give the aldoxime ψ[CHNO–O] link or to a peptide ketone to form the ketoxime ψ[CRN O] link. The former can be further reduced into the hydroxylamine ψ[CH2NH–O] link which gives rise to reduced amidoxy peptides. The structural properties induced by these amide surrogates were studied, using IR and NMR spectroscopy, paying particular attention to the Z/E‐isomerism of the oxime link. In order to investigate their inhibitory potency, the three amide surrogates were introduced in the Pro3‐Val4 and Val4‐Ala5 position of Z‐Ala1‐Ala2‐Pro3‐Val4‐Ala5‐Ala6‐NHiPr, a substrate which is cleaved in the Val4‐Ala5 position by human leukocyte elastase (HLE). The [Val4ψ[CONH–O–]Ala5] analogue was still a substrate, while the [Pro3ψ[CONH–O–]Val4] and [Val4ψ[CHNO–]Ala5] pseudopeptides acted as HLE competitive inhibitors. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reporting Relationships of Clinical Nurse Specialists in Acute Care

Abstract Reporting relationships between clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and administrators (ADMs) can facilitate or constrain CNS practice and affect patient outcomes. Limited information is available comparing reporting relationships and perspectives of CNSs and ADMs. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to describe CNS and ADM reporting relationships and compare their perspectives about the activities and outcomes of CNS practice in acute care settings. Design: The present study uses a descriptive survey. Setting: Four healthcare organizations in the midwestern United States. Sample: Clinical nurse specialist participants (n = 30) were master's degree prepared and employed in an acute care setting. Administrator participants (n = 7) were responsible for supervision and evaluation of CNSs in their organization. Methods: Questionnaires were developed from literature and content review by experts. The CNS and ADM questionnaires contained separate sections for CNS and organization information with parallel construction of questions about CNS activities and outcomes. Findings: There was variability across organizations related to reporting relationships and structure of CNS work. No significant differences were found when comparing CNS and ADM perspectives of work activity proportions and the importance of 10 activities and 7 outcomes. The most important CNS activities included developing clinical protocols and guidelines, quality improvement, and coordination of care. The most important outcomes included evidence-based nursing care and skilled and competent nursing staff. Conclusion: Comparing perspectives of work activity time, priority activities, and outcomes provides a basis for collaboration between CNSs and ADMs in reporting relationships. Implications: Clinical nurse specialists should develop positive interactions and shared understanding with ADMs to improve effectiveness and enhance patient outcomes.
Oxidized Phospholipids Are More Potent Antagonists of Lipopolysaccharide than Inducers of Inflammation

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules generated by enzymatic stereospecific and positionally specific insertion of oxygen, which is a prerequisite for recognition of these mediators by cellular receptors. However, nonenzymatically oxidized free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids also demonstrate activities relevant to inflammation. In particular, phospholipids containing oxidized fatty acid residues (oxidized phospholipids; OxPLs) were shown to induce proinflammatory changes in endothelial cells but paradoxically also to inhibit inflammation induced via TLR4. In this study, we show that half-maximal inhibition of LPS-induced elevation of E-selectin mRNA in endothelial cells developed at concentrations of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) 10-fold lower than those required to induce proinflammatory response. Similar concentration difference was observed for other classes and molecular species of OxPLs. Upon injection into mice, OxPAPC did not elevate plasma levels of IL-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant but strongly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of these inflammatory cytokines. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo, anti-LPS effects of OxPLs are observed at lower concentrations than those required for their proinflammatory action. Quantification of the most abundant oxidized phosphatidylcholines by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry showed that circulating concentrations of total oxidized phosphatidylcholine species are close to the range where they demonstrate anti-LPS activity but significantly lower than that required for induction of inflammation. We hypothesize that low levels of OxPLs in circulation serve mostly anti-LPS function and protect from excessive systemic response to TLR4 ligands, whereas proinflammatory effects of OxPLs are more likely to develop locally at sites of tissue deposition of OxPLs (e.g., in atherosclerotic vessels).
Automatic Nonsubjective Estimation of Antigen Content Visualized by Immunohistochemistry Using Color Deconvolution

We describe a method for the automatic, nonsubjective estimation of 3,3′ diaminobenzidine (DAB) in digital images obtained from routine central nervous system immunohistochemistry using freely available, platform-independent public domain image processing software. This technique estimates the amount of antigen visualized but does not measure antigen content directly. Combined with whole brain section high-resolution scanning, a “virtual dissection” (extracting the region of interest) makes it possible to estimate relative antigen content in either subcellular structures, specific brain regions, or in whole tissue sections at magnifications up to 40×. The digital image is processed using Ruifrok and Johnston's color deconvolution method to separate the brown DAB chromogen from the hematoxylin counterstain on a microscope slide. A monochrome image representing the DAB content is then subjected to frequency analysis using NIH-ImageJ and a weighting calculation to estimate the amount of DAB (antigen) as a dimensionless index. The method described produces results that agree with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and is automatic and nonsubjective. The method could easily be adapted to other types of tissue or cell cultures.
Variation in IRF6 contributes to nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common craniofacial birth defect which results in lifelong medical and social consequences. While there have been a number of attempts to identify the genes responsible for this disorder, the results have not been consistent among populations and no single gene has been identified as playing a major susceptibility role. Van der Woude syndrome, a disorder characterized by lower‐lip pits with or without cleft lip/palate, results in many cases from mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene. Recently, Zucchero et al. [2004: N Engl J Med 351:769–780] detected an association between SNPs in IRF6 and NSCLP in a number of different populations. A subsequent study by Scapoli et al. [2005: Am J Hum Genet 76:180–183] confirmed this association in an Italian population. We examined the same SNPs as Scapoli et al. [2005] in our large, well‐characterized sample of NSCLP families and trios, and also detected an altered transmission of IRF6 alleles. This additional confirmation further strengthens the IRF6 association and suggests that IRF6 plays a role in NSCLP susceptibility. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrogustometry Thresholds, Tongue Tip Vascularization, Density, and Form of the Fungiform Papillae Following Smoking Cessation

The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in gustatory function and in shape, density, and vascularization of the fungiform papillae (fPap) of smokers' tongue before and after smoking cessation. In 24 smokers (19 males, 5 females; median age: 54.6 ± 2.9 years) electrogustometry (EGM) thresholds at the chorda tympani area, at the soft palate area and at the area of the vallate papillae were recorded bilaterally. Morphology and density of the fungiform papillae (fPap) and blood vessels' density and morphology at the tip of the tongue were examined using contact endoscopy (CE). Follow-up exams (EGM and CE) were performed on average 3.2 months after smoking cessation. Findings were compared between the 2 conditions as well as to those of a group of 24 non-smokers (median age: 55.2 ± 3.4 years; 19 males, 5 females). After smoking cessation, EGM thresholds decreased significantly (P = 0.02 or P = 0.03 depending on the tested area) but nonetheless still were quite different from those of non-smokers (P = 0.05 or 0.04 depending on the site of EGM measurement). Under CE the fPap density was higher after quitting smoking (P = 0.05) and the shape and vascularization of fPap also exhibited a trend to improvement (P = 0.05) after smoking cessation. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke infers long lasting, although to a large extent reversible, alterations in morphology of taste buds in fungiform papillae, but rather irreversible EGM-related functional gustatory compromise, suggesting a profound physiologic effect on human peripheral taste organs.
Face‐to‐face household interviews versus telephone interviews for health surveys

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare response distributions in health surveys for two inteniew modes: face‐to‐face household interviews and telephone interviews. There were two samples of the Perth metropolitan general population aged 16 to 69 years: a face‐to‐face household sample (n= 1000) and a telephone sample (n= 222). The samples were generated by probability‐based methods commonly used by commercial market research organisations. The surveys occurred in August‐September 1992 as part of a larger statewide survey component of a three‐year evaluation of the M'estern Australian Health Promotion Foundation. Respondents were drawn from a two‐stage cluster sample based on private dwellings for personal interviews, and from randomly selected listed and unlisted private numbers for telephone interviews. Although the samples did not differ significantly on a number of variables, the telephone sample was significantly higher in residential social status; there was significantly lower reporting of smoking and lower unsafe alcohol consumption in the telephone sample; significantly higher proportions of. the telephone sample were in Prochaska's ‘action’ stage of change for several health behaviours; and there was significantly greater recall of health messages in the telephone sample. Health researchers should treat comparisons between different survey modes with caution, and should be aware that campaign evaluations using telephone surveys and household surveys may yield substantially different results.
Indices of creative economy: Critique of R. Florida’s creativity indices

DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2018/11-4/18 ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes R. Florida’s creativity indices as related to creative economy. The argument consists of six specific criticisms. 1. Counting the Gay Index is problematic because “gay” is a cultural, social and ethical category, not a physical one. 2. The Talent Index expresses something fundamentally contradictory to talent, namely, an orientation towards an average consumer’s taste. As the Talent Index rises, the actual talent of a society decreases and loses value. As university education becomes more and more attractive, it becomes more easily attainable, and, hence, becomes devalued and, thus, less attractive. Instead of contradicting one another, social and creative capitals supplement each other. 4. There is a saturation point to immigration, so that increasing immigration past this point no longer increases creativity. 5. The Melting Pot Index should be extended by accounting for second and third generations of immigrants. 6. Creativity of a society is nourished not only by its variety but also by its identity, which is inseparable from traditions that have been handed-down over generations.