Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Five Ways to Ensure a Positive Co-Teaching Experience for Co-Teachers and Students

This article focuses on the co-teaching practices between a general education teacher and a special education teacher. The article discusses five strategies that co-teachers can employ to ensure that they have a successful co-teaching experience in their classroom. The strategies are easily implemented at any grade level and are supported by research: 1) know your co-teacher personally and professionally; 2) co-plan to develop more effective lesson plans; 3) make sure you are seen as equals in the classroom; 4) vary your co-teaching model to benefit all students; and 5) share the lead teaching role. Additionally, information to support the implementation of each area is provided. The focus of the article is on improving co-teaching not only for the teachers but also to support students with disabilities and other diverse learners in the classroom. KEYWORDS: Co-teaching, Inclusive Classroom, Strategies; K-12 Instruction
Do institutions matter? The interplay between income benefit design, popular perceptions, and the social legitimacy of targeted welfare

A recurring theme in welfare state research is that public support for social welfare is related to the institutional design of welfare policies. However, strong empirical evidence for the institutional embeddedness of welfare attitudes has been lacking to date, and the underlying theoretical mechanisms remain underexplored. This article diverges from the widespread macro-perspective of welfare regime theory, by shifting the focus of its analysis from countries to income benefit schemes within the heterogeneous welfare context of the Netherlands. Based on the 2006 Welfare Opinions Survey, results show that the institutional design of three differently organized benefit schemes (the people’s pension, workers’ unemployment insurance and social assistance) is meaningfully related to popular perceptions of self-interest, programme performance and welfare deservingness. These intermediate perceptions, in turn, appear to have a significant impact on the social legitimacy of welfare allocation to the target groups of the schemes: pensioners, unemployed people and social assistance recipients.
Rest Interval Required for Power Training With Power Load in the Bench Press Throw Exercise

Abstract Hernández Davó, JL, Sabido-Solana, R, Sarabia-Marín, JM, Fernández Fernández, J, and Moya Ramón, M. Rest interval required for power training with power load in the bench press throw exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1265–1274, 2016—This study aimed to test the influence of various rest interval (RI) durations used between sets on power output performance and physiological and perceptual variables during a strength training session using 40% of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press throw exercise. Thirty-one college students (18 males and 13 females) took part in the study. The experimental protocol consists of 5 sets of 8 repetitions of the bench press throw exercise with a load representing 40% of 1RM. Subjects performed the experimental protocol on 3 different occasions, differing by the RI between sets (1, 2, or 3 minutes). During the sessions, power data (mean power and peak power), physiological (lactate concentration [La+]) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) variables were measured. In addition, delayed onset muscular soreness was reported 24 and 48 hours after the training session. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that 1-minute RI entailed higher power decreases and greater increases in values of physiological and perceptual variables compared with both 2- and 3-minute RIs. Nevertheless, no differences were found between 2- and 3-minute RIs. Therefore, this study showed that, when training with 40% of 1RM in the bench press throw exercise, a 2-minute RI between sets can be enough to avoid significant decreases in power output. Consequently, training sessions' duration could be reduced without causing excessive fatigue, allowing additional time to focus on other conditioning priorities.
Preoperative Central Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding Potential and Cerebral Blood Flow Images on SPECT Predict Development of New Cerebral Ischemic Events and Cerebral Hyperperfusion After Carotid Endarterectomy

Risk factors for cerebrovascular complications developing during or after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) include preoperative impairments in cerebral hemodynamics, as detected by the demonstration of decreased cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to acetazolamide on brain perfusion SPECT. Central benzodiazepine receptor binding potential (CBRBP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) images on SPECT provide high sensitivity and high specificity for detecting misery perfusion in patients with chronic unilateral major cerebral artery occlusive disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether preoperative CBRBP/CBF images on SPECT could identify patients at risk for new cerebral ischemic events, including neurologic deficits and cerebral ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI, or cerebral hyperperfusion after CEA and to compare the predictive accuracy of CBRBP/CBF with that of CVR to acetazolamide on SPECT. Methods: CBF, CVR, and CBRBP were assessed using N-isopropyl-p-123I-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and 123I-iomazenil SPECT before CEA in 112 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (≥70%). CBF measurement using 123I-IMP SPECT was also performed immediately and 3 d after CEA. A region of interest was automatically placed in the middle cerebral artery territory in both cerebral hemispheres using a 3-dimensional stereotactic region-of-interest template. Diffusion-weighted MRI was performed within 3 d before and 24 h after surgery. Results: A preoperative increase in the affected side–to–contralateral side asymmetry on CBRBP/CBF value was the only significant independent predictor of postoperative new cerebral ischemic events (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.145–1.608; P = 0.0004) or post-CEA hyperperfusion (95% CI, 1.244–2.252; P = 0.0007). There was no difference in the ability to predict post-CEA hyperperfusion when comparing the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of the affected side–to–contralateral side asymmetry on CBRBP/CBF and that of the CVR in the affected hemisphere. However, the former value (0.924; 95% CI, 0.854–0.972) was significantly greater than the latter value (0.782; 95% CI, 0.697–0.852) for the prediction of new postoperative cerebral ischemic events (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative CBRBP/CBF images on SPECT can more accurately identify patients at risk for cerebrovascular complications occurring during or after CEA when compared with preoperative CVR to acetazolamide.
A 50kW integrated fault tolerant permanent magnet machine and motor drive

The integration of an electrical machine and power electronics promises many benefits, the largest being an increase in power density. The use of system integration may lead to an increase in loss density and local or component temperatures. For this reason much attention needs to be paid to the thermal design aspects of the system. In the aerospace industry weight and reliability are of significant importance. In this paper the integration of a permanent magnet machine and power electronics into a single structure with joint thermal management is investigated. An overall goal of 2 kW/kg is set for system power density. Additionally in this paper fault tolerance is introduced into the design. This will allow the system to continue functioning should a single electrical fault occur. Principle faults are identified and discussed. A 50 kW, 6 phase, 8 pole permanent magnet machine is presented with a rotor speed of 50 krpm. A symmetrical phase shifted full bridge is used to drive the permanent magnet machine, aiding the functionality of fault tolerance and enabling the use of soft switching. A mathematical model for both machine and power electronics is created and used to calculate phase currents and losses in the machine and power electronics. Finally, spatial integration and thermal management concepts are presented and analysed.
Sample Size Considerations of Prediction‐Validation Methods in High‐Dimensional Data for Survival Outcomes

A variety of prediction methods are used to relate high‐dimensional genome data with a clinical outcome using a prediction model. Once a prediction model is developed from a data set, it should be validated using a resampling method or an independent data set. Although the existing prediction methods have been intensively evaluated by many investigators, there has not been a comprehensive study investigating the performance of the validation methods, especially with a survival clinical outcome. Understanding the properties of the various validation methods can allow researchers to perform more powerful validations while controlling for type I error. In addition, sample size calculation strategy based on these validation methods is lacking. We conduct extensive simulations to examine the statistical properties of these validation strategies. In both simulations and a real data example, we have found that 10‐fold cross‐validation with permutation gave the best power while controlling type I error close to the nominal level. Based on this, we have also developed a sample size calculation method that will be used to design a validation study with a user‐chosen combination of prediction. Microarray and genome‐wide association studies data are used as illustrations. The power calculation method in this presentation can be used for the design of any biomedical studies involving high‐dimensional data and survival outcomes.
GPU Implementation of DPSO-RE Algorithm for Parameters Identification of Surface PMSM Considering VSI Nonlinearity

In this paper, an accurate parameter estimation model of surface permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs) is established by taking into account voltage-source-inverter (VSI) nonlinearity. A fast dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm combined with a receptor editing (RE) strategy is proposed to explore the optimal values of parameter estimations. This combination provides an accelerated implementation on graphics processing unit (GPU), and the proposed method is, therefore, referred to as G-DPSO-RE. In G-DPSO-RE, a dynamic labor division strategy is incorporated into the swarms according to the designed evolutionary factor during the evolution process. Two novel modifications of the movement equation are designed to update the velocity of particles. Moreover, a chaotic-logistic-based immune RE operator is developed to facilitate the global best individual (gBest particle) to explore a potentially better region. Furthermore, a GPU parallel acceleration technique is utilized to speed up parameter estimation procedure. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method is effective for simultaneous estimation of the PMSM parameters and the disturbance voltage ( $V_{\mathrm { {dead}}})$ due to VSI nonlinearity from experimental data for currents and rotor speed measured with inexpensive equipment. The influence of the VSI nonlinearity on the accuracy of parameter estimation is analyzed.
Effects of phencyclidine on immediate early gene expression in the brain

The N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) is a psychotomimetic drug which produces schizophrenia‐like psychosis. In animal studies it is toxic to neurons in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex and to cerebellar Purkinje cells. To find clues about the mechanism and pathways of PCP action, we studied the effect of systemic PCP administration (10 and 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on the expression of immediate‐early genes (IEGs) (c‐fos, c‐jun, egr‐2, egr‐3, NGFI‐A, NGFI‐B, NGFI‐C, and Nurr1) using in situ hybridization histochemistry. PCP, 50 mg/kg, produced a biphasic IEG induction: an early induction in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellar granule cell layer, and a delayed induction in the posterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. The early induction of all eight IEGs was observed 30 min after drug treatment in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus. c‐fos, NGFI‐A, and NGFI‐B were also induced in thalamic nuclei, and c‐fos was also induced in the cerebellar granule cell layer. In contrast, a delayed induction of c‐fos, c‐jun, NGFI‐A, NGFI‐B, NGFI‐C, and Nurr1 in the posterior cingulate cortex was observed 2–6 hr after PCP, 50 mg/kg. egr‐2 and egr‐3 were not induced in the posterior cingulate cortex. c‐fos induction in the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer peaked 2 hr after PCP, 50 mg/kg. In addition, PCP induced c‐fos, egr‐3, NGFI‐A NGFI‐B, NGFI‐C, and Nurr1 in the inferior olivary nucleus. PCP‐induced IEG expression returned to baseline by 24 hr. A lower PCP dose, 10 mg/kg, induced lower levels of IEG expression, with similar anatomical and biphasic temporal pattern as with the higher PCP dose of 50 mg/kg. However, no IEG induction was observed in the hippocampus following 10 mg/kg PCP. These results demonstrate that PCP produces neural activation not only in the cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, but also in many other regions of forebrain and cerebellum. Moreover, prolonged IEG expression in the posterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar Purkinje cells, the sites of PCP toxicity, suggests that IEGs could mediate neurotoxic/neuroprotective effects in these brain regions. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized subsampling frequency selection for nonlinear systems

Due to the presence of intermodulation products, a nonlinear system driven by a band pass signal will generate at its output a set of undesired signal bands. When detecting such signals using subsampling, one has to take into consideration these distortions in order to successfully down convert the signal of interest. Even though we are only interested in one band, the available spectrum configuration requires the use of multiband subsampling theory which leads to very tight constraint on the possible subsampling frequency ranges. In this paper a modified version of the multiband subsampling algorithm is presented. This proposed solution is more adapted to nonlinear systems and helps relax the constraints on sampling frequency.
Modeling of optimal electricity supply problem in Iran's power network by using hierarchical planning approach

In real power systems, power plants are not in the equal space from the load center, and their fuel cost is different. With common utilization conditions, production capacity is more than total load demand and losses. Therefore, there are different criteria for active and inactive power planning in each power plant. The best selection is to choose a frame work in which the utility cost is minimized. On the other hand, planning in power systems has different time horizons, thus, for effective planning in power systems, it is very important to find a suitable mathematical relationship between them. In this paper we propose a modeling by selecting a Fuzzy Hierarchical Production Planning (FHPP) technique with zone covering in the mid-term and long-term time horizons electricity supply modeling in the Iran global compact network with spotting 15 zone electricity study, in terms of inclusive capacity, Max development, Max energy product of each production unit, reliability and autonomy constraints. Other objective functions include parameters that minimize production, development and security costs of the system considering capital recovery factor, interest rate that maximize total preference weights of power plants.
Exploring the Role of Mentor Teaching, through a Co-Teaching Model, in Secondary Teachers' Beliefs, Practices, and Self-Efficacy toward English Learners: A Multiple-Case Study.

This dissertation presents the findings of an exploratory, multiple-case study in which eight public secondary school teachers engaged in a professional development (PD) program centered on improving teacher instruction for English learners (ELs). The participants worked as co-teachers with teacher credential candidates, serving as both mentors and collaborators in professional development. The PD program focused on improving participants’ instructional practices with ELs as a way to support the high numbers of ELs enrolled in California public schools. The PD included cycles of inquiry, collaborative dialogue within a professional learning community, working with a university consultant, ongoing reflection, and collaborating with a teacher candidate as a way to improve their own teaching practices. This study explores changes in mentor teachers’ beliefs, practices and self-efficacy toward working with ELs over the course of a seven-month professional development project. This research was viewed through the framework of Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory. Findings suggest that all participants entered the PD experience with positive beliefs toward the academic capabilities of ELs and the desire to improve their own instructional practices. Data from this research reflects the need for PD programs to include differentiated, or individualized, activities that help to reach the professional growth needs of participants who are in various stages of transformative learning.
Radiological progression of joint damage in a longitudinal cohort of early DMARD‐treated rheumatoid arthritis patients followed for 10 years

Objective: The efficacy of DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be judged by radiological analysis. This study aimed to determine the time‐dependent progression of joint damage, acute‐phase response, and rates of radiologic progression in early DMARD‐treated RA patients over 10 years. Patients and methods: We evaluated outpatient records, and radiographs of hands and feet of 54 early RA patients on DMARDs for 10 years. Radiographs were quantified by the Larsen method using recently developed quantification software. Results: Radiological damage attenuated, with disease progression from baseline to Year 10 [correlation coefficient (r)=0.95, probability (p)<0.001]. Radiographic scores progressed more rapidly during the first 5 years than thereafter. Cumulative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was strongly correlated with radiological progression (p<0.001, r=0.88). Conclusion: Our findings reveal a higher amount of radiographic RA progression during the first years of DMARD treatment. Thus, our data provide strong evidence for the importance of both early DMARD therapy and continuous radiographic assessments in RA.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in primary care: Using changes in proton pump inhibitor therapy as an indicator of partial response

Abstract Objective. Up to one-third of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in primary care have residual symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. We aimed to characterize partial response to PPIs among adult patients in UK primary care. Material and methods. Newly diagnosed GERD patients aged 20–79 years who were prescribed PPI for treatment of GERD were identified in The Health Improvement Network. Those with a treatment change suggesting partial response to PPIs (new treatment added to PPI, increased PPI dose, or switching PPI) during the subsequent 6 months were identified as potential cases and confirmed after manual review of each patient's complete computer medical record including free-text comments. Patients without these treatment changes were study controls. A nested case–control analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Results. The proportion of newly diagnosed GERD patients with partial response to PPI therapy was 18.6% (1201/6453). Partial response was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.37), anxiety or depression (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00–1.31), and prescription of ≥6 drugs in the month before GERD diagnosis (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14–1.78). Among new PPI users (n = 2907), partial response was associated with esophageal ulcer or Barrett's esophagus at initial diagnosis (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.60–6.17). Conclusions. Approximately one in five newly diagnosed patients with GERD appear to have a partial response to PPI therapy. Female gender, polymedication, and a severe initial diagnosis may be associated with partial response.
Early predictors of 30-day mortality in supratentorial ischemic stroke patients--first episode.

INTRODUCTION Prognostic factors following stroke remain to be established. The aim of this study was to determine early prognostic factors related with a 30-day mortality in first episode ischemic stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 329 consecutive patients, aged between 33 and 99 years (mean age +/- SD 69 +/- 12.6) admitted within 24 hours following their first supratentorial ischemic stroke, confirmed either by computer tomography (CT) and/or autopsy. The following data were assessed within 24 hours of hospitalization: gender, age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of ischemic heart disease, obesity, the neurological deficit at entry and after one day, level of consciousness at entry and after one day, electrocardiographic dysrhythmia at entry, blood pressure at entry and body temperature on the first day following stroke. We also assessed particular serum biochemical and hematological markers including: hematocrit, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, gamma globulin level, glucose level, cholesterol level, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and creatinine kinase (CK) level. The end-point for assessment was early death (within 30 days). Statistical analysis consisted of univariate analysis and multiple regression. RESULTS Univariate analysis demonstrated that an older age, increased neurological deficit at entry and on the next day, decreased consciousness at entry and on the next day, electrocardiographic dysrhythmia, increased body temperature and glucose level, decreased cholesterol level and increased CK level were significantly associated with death after 30 days (p < or = 0.05). During multivariate analysis, only a severe neurological deficit (Scandinavian Stroke Scale < or = 15 points) both at entry and on the next day (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 2.83-24.35), decreased consciousness within the first 24 hours of hospitalization (OR = 19.2; 95% CI: 2.84-127.77) and electrocardiographic dysrhythmia (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.37-13.77) were associated with death after 30 days. CONCLUSION A severe neurological deficit lasting 24 hours, decreased consciousness within 24 hours of hospitalization and electrocardiographic dysrhythmia are the most important indicators of 30-day mortality in patients with first-time ischemic stroke.
Does Oil Prices Uncertainty Affect Stock Returns in Russia: A Bivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity-in-Mean Approach

In this article, we explore the dependence of the volatility of stock returns and the world oil prices on the example of Russia. Using weekly data for the variables for the period from January 01, 2003 by May 01, 2017, we define the uncertainty of oil prices as the conditional standard deviation of the one-step-ahead forecast error for changes in oil prices. A bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-in-mean vector autoregressive model is used for the study. The results of the study show that, given oil prices are denominated in US dollars, the uncertainty of oil prices has a positive and statistically significant impact on stock returns. Also as a result of research, we come to the conclusion that in case of Russia, the uncertainty of oil prices in the equation “oil price-stock returns” leads to an increased positive response of stock returns to a positive oil price shock, while increasing the sensitivity of stock returns to negative oil price shock in comparison with the model, not taking into account the uncertainty of oil prices. The analysis also showed that the response of stock returns to positive and negative oil price shocks uncertainty is asymmetric.