Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A working memory model of relations between interpretation and reasoning

Interpretation is the process whereby a hearer reasons to an interpretation of a speaker’s discourse. The hearer normally adopts a credulous attitude to the discourse, at least for the purposes of interpreting it. That is to say the hearer tries to accommodate the truth of all the speaker’s utterances in deriving an intended model. We present a nonmonotonic logical model of this process which defines unique minimal preferred models and eciently simulates a kind of closed-world reasoning of particular interest for human cognition. Byrne’s ‘suppression’ data [5] are used to illustrate how variants on this logic can capture and motivate subtly dierent interpretative stances which dierent subjects adopt, thus indicating where more finegrained empirical data are required to understand what subjects are doing in this task. We then show that this logical competence model can be implemented in spreading activation network models. A one pass process interprets the textual input by constructing a network which then computes minimal preferred models for (3-valued) valuations of the set of propositions of the text. The neural implementation distinguishes easy forward reasoning from more complex backward reasoning in a way that may be useful in explaining directionality in human reasoning.
Prospective memory rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury: A compensatory training programme

Primary objective: To describe a prospective memory rehabilitation programme based on a compensatory training approach and report the results of three case studies. Research design: Programme evaluation using pre- and post-intervention assessments and telephone follow-up. Methods and procedures: Three participants with traumatic brain injury completed 8 weeks of training with 1–2 hour individual sessions. Assessments were formal prospective memory assessment, self-report and measures of diary use. Experimental interventions: Intervention aimed to identify potential barriers, establish self-awareness of memory deficits, introduce a customized compensatory tool, a cueing system and organizational strategies. A significant other was involved in training to assist generalization. Main outcomes and results: All three participants improved on formal prospective memory assessment and demonstrated successful diary use after the programme. Self-report of prospective memory failure fluctuated and may reflect increased self-awareness. Conclusion: A compensatory approach may be useful in improving prospective memory performance following TBI.
Nanocomposite-Based Graphene for Nanosensor Applications

Nanocomposites based on carbon nanomaterial particularly in graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and doped graphene quantum dots with improved biocompatibility have been increasing interests in the field of drug delivery, biosensor, energy, imaging and electronic. These nanomaterials as new kinds of fluorescent probes and electrochemical sensors all display ultrasmall size, good photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. In this chapter, we summarize an updated advance in the development of graphene and its related derivatives of synthesis methods and biomedical applications as nanosensors for detection of metal ions, inorganic ions, amino acids, proteins, saccharides and small molecules, drug molecules, and so on.
Associations of subtypes of hemoglobin with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype and dimercaptosuccinic acid-chelatable lead levels.

Hemoglobin in erythrocytes may be an important intravascular site of lead binding. We examined associations of hemoglobin subtypes A1 and A2 with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) genotype, a protein that is another important site of erythrocyte lead binding. After oral administration of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA-chelatable lead), we also examined 4-h lead excretion, which provides an estimate of bioavailable lead stores. We randomly selected 57 South Korean current lead battery manufacturing workers from two plants (N = 290 employees) and from two ALAD genotype strata (ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2). These workers voluntarily administered 5 mg/kg oral DMSA. We frequency-matched subjects with ALAD1-1 (n = 38) to subjects with ALAD1-2 (n = 19) with respect to duration of employment in the lead industry. Blood lead levels ranged from 11 to 53 microg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation, 25.4 +/- 10.2 microg/dl). After administration of oral DMSA, workers excreted a mean lead level of 85.4 (standard deviation, 45.0 microg; range, 16.5-184.1 microg). Hemoglobin A1 and A2 ranged from 3.7% to 9.9% and 1.6% to 5.9%, respectively (mean +/- standard deviation, 6.2 +/- 1.0% and 2.7 +/- 0.8%, respectively). Subjects with ALAD1-1 had elevated mean hemoglobin A1 levels (adjusted p = .05). In addition, higher hemoglobin A1 levels were associated with higher DMSA-chelatable lead levels (adjusted p = .03). This, as well as the results of prior research, suggest that both ALAD and hemoglobin A1 may be important lead-binding sites that influence urinary lead excretion after administration of DMSA.
Stereo Matching with Symmetric Cost Functions

Recently, many global stereo methods have achieved good results by modeling a disparity surface as a Markov random field (MRF) and by solving an optimization problem with various techniques. However, most global methods mainly focus on how to minimize conventional cost functions efficiently, although it is more important to define cost functions well to improve performance. In this paper, we propose new symmetric cost functions for global stereo methods. We first present a symmetric data cost function for the likelihood and then propose a symmetric discontinuity cost function for the prior in the MRF model for stereo. In defining cost function, both the reference image and the target image are taken into account to improve performance without modeling half-occluded pixels explicitly and without using color segmentation. The performance improvement of stereo matching due to the proposed symmetric cost functions is verified by applying the proposed symmetric cost functions to the belief propagation (BP) based stereo method. Experimental results for standard testbed images show that the performance of the BP based stereo method is greatly improved by the proposed symmetric cost functions.
Modelling of an integrated standalone streetlamp PV system

In this work, the operation of a standalone streetlamp PV system is modeled considering actual outdoor operation conditions. The model integrates all components required in a stand-alone PV system: PV panel, battery, charge controller and load. Electrical characteristics of each component are based on those of a streetlamp PV system, currently tested in Singapore. Using measured irradiance data, the model is able to predict the real-time current flow, battery operating voltage and state of charge. The simulations of the streetlamp system are done using real-measured irradiance data from Singapore and Boston. We find that for a long-term, uninterrupted operation of a standalone PV system actual meteorological conditions need to be considered. The real-time simulation method presented in this work allows better defining the size of the required solar panel and the battery capacity.
Candidate driver genes in focal chromosomal aberrations of stage II colon cancer

Chromosomal instable colorectal cancer is marked by specific large chromosomal copy number aberrations. Recently, focal aberrations of 3 Mb or smaller have been identified as a common phenomenon in cancer. Inherent to their limited size, these aberrations harbour one or few genes. The aim of this study was to identify recurrent focal chromosomal aberrations and their candidate driver genes in a well‐defined series of stage II colon cancers and assess their potential clinical relevance. High‐resolution DNA copy number profiles were obtained from 38 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded colon cancer samples with matched normal mucosa as a reference using array comparative genomic hybridization. In total, 81 focal chromosomal aberrations were identified that harboured 177 genes. Statistical validation of focal aberrations and identification of candidate driver genes were performed by enrichment analysis and mapping copy number and mutation data of colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer and glioblastomas to loci of focal aberrations in stage II colon cancer. This analysis demonstrated a significant overlap with previously identified focal amplifications in colorectal cancer, but not with cancers from other sites. In contrast, focal deletions seemed less tumour type‐specific since they also showed significant overlap with focal deletions of other sites. Focal deletions detected were significantly enriched for cancer genes and genes frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. The mRNA expression of these genes was significantly correlated with DNA copy number status, supporting the relevance of focal aberrations. Loss of 5q34 and gain of 13q22.1 were identified as independent prognostic factors of survival in this series of patients. In conclusion, focal chromosomal copy number aberrations in stage II colon cancer are enriched in cancer genes that contribute to and drive the process of colorectal cancer development. DNA copy number status of these genes correlates with mRNA expression and some are associated with clinical outcome. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain Fatty Acid Binding Protein (Fabp7) Is Diurnally Regulated in Astrocytes and Hippocampal Granule Cell Precursors in Adult Rodent Brain

Brain fatty acid binding protein (Fabp7), which is important in early nervous system development, is expressed in astrocytes and neuronal cell precursors in mature brain. We report here that levels of Fabp7 mRNA in adult murine brain change over a 24 hour period. Unlike Fabp5, a fatty acid binding protein that is expressed widely in various cell types within brain, RNA analysis revealed that Fabp7 mRNA levels were elevated during the light period and lower during dark in brain regions involved in sleep and activity mechanisms. This pattern of Fabp7 mRNA expression was confirmed using in situ hybridization and found to occur throughout the entire brain. Changes in the intracellular distribution of Fabp7 mRNA were also evident over a 24 hour period. Diurnal changes in Fabp7, however, were not found in postnatal day 6 brain, when astrocytes are not yet mature. In contrast, granule cell precursors of the subgranular zone of adult hippocampus did undergo diurnal changes in Fabp7 expression. These changes paralleled oscillations in Fabp7 mRNA throughout the brain suggesting that cell-coordinated signals likely control brain-wide Fabp7 mRNA expression. Immunoblots revealed that Fabp7 protein levels also underwent diurnal changes in abundance, with peak levels occurring in the dark period. Of clock or clock-regulated genes, the synchronized, global cycling pattern of Fabp7 expression is unique and implicates glial cells in the response or modulation of activity and/or circadian rhythms.
V(D)J recombination: evidence that a replicative mechanism is not required

We examined a series of extrachromosomal DNA substrates for V(D)J recombination under replicating and nonreplicating conditions. Complete and partial replications were examined by monitoring the loss of prokaryote-specific adenine methylation at 14 to 22 MboI-DpnI restriction sites (GATC) on the substrates. Some of these sites are within 2 bases of the signal sequence ends. We found that neither coding joint nor signal joint formation requires substrate replication. After ruling out replication as a substrate requirement, we determined whether replication had any effect on the efficiency of V(D)J recombination. Quantitation of V(D)J recombination efficiency on nonreplicating substrates requires some method of monitoring the entry of substrate molecules into the cells. We devised such a method by monitoring DNA repair of substrates into which we had substituted deoxyuridine for 10 to 20% of the thymidine nucleotides in the DNA. The substrates which enter the lymphoid cells were repaired efficiently in vivo by the eukaryotic uracil DNA repair system. Upon plasmid harvest, we distinguished repaired (entered) from unrepaired (not entered) plasmids by cleaving unrepaired molecules with uracil DNA glycoylase and Escherichia coli endonuclease IV in vitro. This method of monitoring DNA entry does not appear to underestimate or overestimate the amount of DNA entry. By using this method, we found no significant quantitative effect of DNA replication on V(D)J recombination efficiency.
A throughput-aware routing for distributed industrial cognitive radio sensor networks

This paper proposes a throughput-aware routing algorithm for enhancing throughput and decreasing end-to-end delay in industrial cognitive radio sensor networks (ICRSNs). In ICRSNs, the throughput is downgraded by interference from primary networks; consequently, end to end delay is increased. The proposed routing algorithm is targeted at large-scale networks where data are forwarded through different clusters on their ways to the sink. By estimating the maximum throughput for each path, the data can be forwarded through the most optimal path. Simulation results show that our scheme can decrease end-to-end delay.
Evaluation of Gentian cystatin C reagent on Abbott Ci8200 and calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2 from the cystatin C values in mg/L

Objective. Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential when evaluating patients with kidney disease and treating patients with drugs eliminated from the circulation by the kidneys. Cystatin C has been shown in several studies to be superior to creatinine in the estimation of GFR. At our hospitals, there is an increasing demand for cystatin C and at present we perform approximately 1500 cystatin C analyses a month. We thus need the assay available 24 h/day and to have it on our routine chemistry instrument to minimize handling time per test and time to reported test results. Material and methods. We have evaluated a new cystatin C immunoassay from Gentian (Gentian, Moss, Norway) on Architect ci8200 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill., USA). A prerequisite at our hospital is that cystatin C results are reported as a calculated GFR in mL/min/1.73 m2, so we also made a comparison with iohexol clearance. Results. The Gentian cystatin C assay showed good agreement with the corresponding assay from Dade Behring (Deerfield, Ill., USA) and good inter‐laboratory concordance. The assay has very low total imprecision, good linearity and strong correlation with iohexol clearance (R2 = 0.956). The equation for the correlation curve is: y = 79.901x−1.4389. Conclusions. There was low inter‐laboratory variation between the three laboratories involved in the cystatin C evaluation, and thus all three laboratories can use the same equation for calculating the estimated GFR.
Name analysis for modern languages: a general solution

Classical strategies for matching identifier uses with declarations cannot handle the complexities of modern languages: arbitrarily qualified superclass names, cyclic dependence among lookup operations, and contextual access constraints. We have developed a language‐independent algorithm and supporting data structure that overcome these problems. A well‐defined interface allows introduction of arbitrary code to enforce language‐specific constraints within the basic lookup operations. This paper explains the limitations of the classical strategies, presents the concepts on which our approach is based, and showcases an implementation based on attribute grammars. We explore the major issues through a series of examples and show how one can deal with those issues in a general framework. Many of the issues are specific to a particular language, and in those cases, we explain the solutions that our general interface supports. Although attribute grammars simplify the task of incorporating the model into a compiler, the model itself is completely independent of attribute grammars. We validated our model by using an implementation to process programs in several representative languages. In particular, we mechanically compared the results produced by that implementation with those produced by the Java SE 8 compiler on complete Java programs that are in general use. Performance data obtained during this processing show that our implementation is efficient. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An autoethnographic exploration of “play at work”

This research brings together two concepts that are often depicted as polar opposites. Sutton-Smith (2001) however suggests that the opposite of play is not work, but depression, and moreover echoes other scholars in reclaiming play as an essential human expression, even for adults. This study, therefore, argues that, given the precarious wellness territory our workplaces are in, something about work is not working. It is furthermore proposed that, given all the evidence of the therapeutic potential inherent to play, there is indeed something nutritious at play in play. Despite these well-supported arguments, play remains hidden away in the academic shadows of more serious industrial psychological preoccupations. Surprisingly, the same conspicuous absence is even mirrored in Positive Psychology, a bustling field that claims to celebrate glee, fun, and happiness (Seligman, 2002a). Entitled “An autoethnographic exploration of play at work,” this dissertation leans on the metaphor of “exploration”, or more specifically, exploratory play. This results in two distinct yet interwoven dimensions to the research study. Firstly, the research approaches the phenomenon of play and play-based methods in workshop contexts through the lived experience of the researcher. Secondly, the research project in itself is conceptualised as work, and the methodology of autoethnography is conceptualised as a playful approach to this work of conducting research. Aside from widening the research scope, this also appropriately matches research methodology to the research domain. Aside from being about play at work, this research also is play at work. Autoethnography, as a recent development in qualitative research, remains unconventional and somewhat controversial in the South African social sciences. Autoethnography, as an offspring of ethnography, offers a method to reflexively incorporate the researcher’s own lived experience in the study of culture as a primary source of rich phenomenological data. Instead of minimising the emotive and subjective, this research
Impact of TRIM5α in vivo

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) has a very narrow host range that is limited to humans and chimpanzees. HIV-1 cannot replicate well in Old World monkey cells such as rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Tripartite motif (TRIM)5&agr; is a key molecule that confers potent resistance against HIV-1 infection and is composed of really interesting new gene, B-box2, coiled-coil and PRYSPRY domains. Interaction between TRIM5&agr; PRYSPRY domains and HIV-1 capsid core triggers the anti-HIV-1 activity of TRIM5&agr;. Analysis of natural HIV variants and extensive mutational experiments has revealed the presence of critical amino acid residues in both the PRYSPRY domain and HIV capsid for potent HIV suppression by TRIM5&agr;. Genetic manipulation of the human TRIM5 gene could establish human cells totally resistant to HIV-1, which may lead to a cure for HIV-1 infection in the future.
Effects of Self-Talk on Academic Engagement and Academic Responding

The conceptual frameworks of self-management and correspondence training are combined to develop a self-talk intervention to improve academic performances of four students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD). This study examines the functional role of language as a verbal antecedent or self-management prompt in relationship to subsequent academic responding and academic engagement. Four students with E/BD, aged 10 to 14 years, participated in treatments of self-talk, self-talk with reinforcement for correspondence, and self-talk with delayed reinforcement for correspondence. Results indicate effects for self-talk when paired with reinforcement that maintain across withdrawal and delayed conditions.
Intelligent Email: Aiding Users with AI

Email occupies a central role in the modern workplace. This has led to a vast increase in the number of email messages that users are expected to handle daily. Furthermore, email is no longer simply a tool for asynchronous online communication-email is now used for task management, personal archiving, as well both synchronous and asynchronous online communication (Whittaker and Sidner 1996). This explosion can lead to . email overload"-many users are overwhelmed by the large quantity of information in their mailboxes. In the human--computer interaction community, there has been much research on tackling email overload. Recently, similar efforts have emerged in the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning communities to form an area of research known as intelligent email. In this paper, we take a user-oriented approach to applying AI to email. We identify enhancements to email user interfaces and employ machine learning techniques to support these changes. We focus on three tasks-summary keyword generation, reply prediction and attachment prediction-and summarize recent work in these areas.
Chemical composition and swelling of normal and osteoarthrotic femoral head cartilage

SUMMARY Radiochemical and biochemical methods were used to characterize post-mortem and osteoarthrotic femoral head cartilage. Fixed charge density measurements were correlated with glycosaminoglycan content as estimated by uronic acid and hexosamine analyses. In post-mortem cartilage water content decreased from a maximum at the surface to a minimum in the deep zones. In the osteoarthrotic specimens water content was greatest in the middle zones. Glycosaminoglycan content increased with depth and in the osteoarthrotic specimens was reduced throughout the depth of the cartilage. With increasing degeneration there was an increase in water content and decrease in glycosaminoglycan content. The difference in the water content profile in osteoarthrotic cartilage was explained in terms of damage to the collagen network. In osteoarthrosis the latter is no longer capable of restraining the swelling pressure produced by the glycosaminoglycans and swelling is greatest in the midzones, where glycosaminoglycan content is highest. Topographical variations in total glycosaminoglycan content human cartilage
Natural corners-based SLAM with partial compatibility algorithm

This article presents natural corner-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using a new data association algorithm that achieves partial compatibility in a real unknown environment. In the proposed corners’ extraction algorithm, both the end points of an extracted line segment far away from the other segments and the intersection point of the two closer line segments are considered as corners. In data association, a partial compatibility algorithm obtaining a robust matching result with low computational complexity is proposed. This method divides all the extracted corners at every step into several groups. In each group, the local best matching vector between the extracted corners and the stored ones is found by joint compatibility, while the nearest feature for every new extracted corner is checked by individual compatibility. All these groups with the local best matching vector and the nearest feature candidate of each new extracted corner are combined, and its joint compatibility is checked with the linear matching time. The experimental results in an indoor environment with natural corners show the robust matching result and low computational complexity of the partial compatibility algorithm in comparison with individual compatibility nearest neighbor and joint compatibility branch and bound.