Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns in how pre-service elementary teachers formulate evidence-based claims about student cognition

ABSTRACT Large-scale, robust implementation of teacher data-driven decision making (DDDM) is a challenging endeavor, impeded by numerous organizational, and teacher, factors. One well-documented barrier to teacher DDDM is underdevelopment of teacher data literacy. This study examines common errors made by pre-service elementary teachers in the formulation of evidence-based claims about student cognition (e.g. student strengths and weaknesses relative to content mastery) in a United States of America context. Teachers in the sample commonly made several errors in the articulation of evidence-based claims based on classroom assessments, including providing nonspecific, irrelevant evidence for claims, and misinterpreting statistical evidence. Specific implications for pre-service teacher education and future research are discussed.
Assisted query formulation for multimodal medical case-based retrieval

Medical information retrieval systems support health care experts in diagnostic and treatment decisions through the management of large amounts of clinical data. However, the ever growing data produced in medical environments and the proficiency of non-professional users pose several challenges to a retrieval system. In this paper, we propose a medical retrieval system, supporting semantic multimodal queries for medical case-based search. The system explores many of the commodities available in commercial search engines and provides the user with key tools to support medical information discovery: multimodal queries and semantic suggestions of medical terms. It is build upon state-of-the-art information retrieval and data fusion techniques. We also propose a new data-fusion technique, which we called Inverted Squared Rank (ISR), to better deal with the combination of ranked lists from various heterogeneous systems: similar to Reciprocal Rank Fusion approaches like RR [10] and RRF [3]. The proposed rank fusion method outperforms RR and RRF in most measures and is particularly better on the top 10 results. The system is at http://medical.novasearch. org/
Aberrant neural networks for the recognition memory of socially relevant information in patients with schizophrenia

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit several cognitive deficits, including memory impairment. Problems with recognition memory can hinder socially adaptive behavior. Previous investigations have suggested that altered activation of the frontotemporal area plays an important role in recognition memory impairment. However, the cerebral networks related to these deficits are not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the brain networks required for recognizing socially relevant information in patients with schizophrenia performing an old–new recognition task.
The Impact of Summer Bridge Programs on College Students' STEM Career Aspirations

Abstract:The impact of college STEM summer bridge programs is not well understood. This nationwide study pooled data from 27 colleges and universities involved in the NSF's STEM Talent Expansion Program to model changes in college career aspirations for 2 groups: 383 STEM summer bridge program participants and 15,464 controls. Propensity weighted modeling revealed that college STEM summer bridge programs double the odds that students plan to pursue a STEM career, compared with students without program exposure. We found this to be true across a range of demographics and student background characteristics. Implications for college educators, practitioners, and policymakers are discussed.
A proposed standard for the lexical representation of idioms

this paper I first explain briefly the properties ofone type ofMuIti-Word Expression (MWE), viz., flexible idioms, and how they are dealt with in the Rosetta machine translation system. Taking this as a starting point and generalizing beyond it, I argue that a standardized lexical representation for flexible idioms is not so straightforward. Nevertheless, I make a very concrete proposal for an actual standard for flexible idioms that is highly theory-neutral, and I show how it allows one to achieve a significant reduction of effort in reusing lexical entries for idioms.
Determination of Nitrogen-Fixing Phylotypes in Lyngbya sp. and Microcoleuschthonoplastes Cyanobacterial Mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico

ABSTRACT In many environments, biological nitrogen fixation can alleviate nitrogen limitation. The high rates of N2 fixation often observed in cyanobacterial mats suggest that N2 fixation may be an important source of N. In this study, organisms expressing nifH were identified in a Lyngbya sp. - and two Microcoleus chthonoplastes-dominated cyanobacterial mats. The pattern of nitrogenase activity was determined for the Lyngbya sp. mat and a Microcoleus chthonoplastes mat sampled directly in Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Their maximum rates were 23 and 15 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1, respectively. The second Microcoleus mat, which was maintained in a greenhouse facility, had a maximum rate of 40 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1. The overall diel pattern of nitrogenase activity in the three mats was similar, with the highest rates of activity occurring during the dark period. Analysis of nifH transcripts by reverse transcription-PCR revealed that several different organisms were expressing nifH during the dark period. nifH phylotypes recovered from these mats were similar to sequences from the unicellular cyanobacterial genera Halothece, Myxosarcina, and Synechocystis, the filamentous cyanobacterial genera Plectonema and Phormidium, and several bacterial nifH groups. The results of this study indicate that several different organisms, some of which were not previously known to fix nitrogen, are likely to be responsible for the observed dark-period nitrogenase activity in these cyanobacterial mats.
Towards a psychophysical evaluation of a surgical simulator for bone-burring

The CRS4 experimental bone-burr simulator implements visual and haptic effects through the incorporation of a physics-based contact model and patient-specific data. Psychophysical tests demonstrate that, despite its simplified model and its inherent technological constraints, the simulator can articulate material differences, and that its users can learn to associate virtual bone with real bone material. Tests addressed both surface probing and interior drilling task. We also explore a haptic contrast sensitivity function based on the model's two main parameters: an elastic constant and an erosion factor. Both parameters manifest power-law-like sensitivity with respective exponents of around two and three. Further tests may reveal how well simulator users perceive fine differences in bone material, like those encountered while drilling through real volume boundaries.
Zero-error codes for the noisy-typewriter channel

In this paper, we propose nontrivial codes that achieve a non-zero zero-error rate for several odd-letter noisy-typewriter channels. Some of these codes (specifically, those which are defined for a number of letters of the channel of the form 2n + 1) achieve the best-known lower bound on the zero-error capacity. We build the codes using linear codes over rings, as we do not require the multiplicative inverse to build the codes.
Visualization and Evolution of Software Architectures

Software systems are an integral component of our everyday life as we find them in tools and embedded in equipment all around us. In order to ensure smooth, predictable, and accurate operation of these systems, it is crucial to produce and maintain systems that are highly reliable. A well-designed and well-maintained architecture goes a long way in achieving this goal. However, due to the intangible and often complex nature of software architecture, this task can be quite complicated. The field of software architecture visualization aims to ease this task by providing tools and techniques to examine the hierarchy, relationship, evolution, and quality of architecture components. In this paper, we present a discourse on the state of the art of software architecture visualization techniques. Further, we highlight the importance of developing solutions tailored to meet the needs and requirements of the stakeholders involved in the analysis process.
Thermocompression Bonding Process Design and Optimization for Warpage Mitigation of Ultra-Thin Low-CTE Package Assemblies

Increasing needs for functionality, performance and system miniaturization in fine-pitch consumer applications have been driving a new class of ultra-thin interposers and packages with larger body sizes, aggravating warpage. These trends gave rise to serious concerns for assembly yield and reliability, especially at board level. The recent adoption of substrate technologies with silicon-matching coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) reinforces these concerns by introducing a large CTE mismatch between package and organic board. Warpage control and mitigation in assembly has, therefore, become critical in enabling reliable SMT interconnection of ultra-thin, large, low-CTE BGA packages to the board. Copper pillar thermocompression bonding (TCB) has emerged as a key assembly technology to improve die assembly yield at pitches below 80μm and large die sizes. In TCB, heat is applied from the die side only while the substrate is maintained at a low stage temperature, as opposed to isothermal heating in mass reflow. The temperature gradient in the package can, therefore, be finely tuned providing control over the warpage behavior. This paper investigates TCB-induced warpage and its dependence on the bonding thermal profiles in a single-chip, 200μm-thick, low-CTE organic package at 50μm pitch and 17mm x 17mm body size. Warpage trends as a function of the stage temperature were first predicted with a simple coupled thermal-structural finite-element model, then experimentally validated by Shadow-Moiré measurements of assemblies built with varying stage temperatures from 70°C to 150°C. Interactions with the thermocompression tool, in particular the effect of vacuum-coupling of the substrate to the stage, were considered and investigated. Guidelines for design of TCB profiles for warpage minimization were finally derived with considerations of assembly throughput to improve board-level SMT yield and system-level reliability.
A computational framework for context-aware adaptation of user interfaces

In order to address challenges posed by different users conducting their interactive tasks on heterogeneous platforms and devices in various environments, this paper provides a computational framework to support the adaptation of the user interface of interactive systems. This framework consists of: a meta-model for understanding fundamental concepts required by adaptation, a reference framework for characterizing seven dimensions for conducting adaptation based on the meta-model, and a design space for consistently assessing the adaptation coverage. In this way, development phases are considered with a standard approach, a unified terminology, and an extensive catalog of techniques.
The Impact of Servant Leadership on Proactive Behaviors: A Study Based on Cognitive Evaluation Theory

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between servant leadership and proactive behaviors. Apart from this, drawing on the cognitive evaluation theory, we regard that proactive behaviors are driven by intrinsic motivation and further propose three psychological constructs to clarify the underlying mechanisms of servant leadership on employees’ proactive behaviors: Job autonomy, leader-member exchange and role breadth self-efficacy. Using a sample of 227 leader-employee dyads from two companies, the empirical results show that: 1) Servant leadership had positive effects on individual task proactivity and team member proactivity; 2) The relationship between servant leadership and individual task proactivity was mediated by job autonomy and role breadth self-efficacy, while leader-member exchange and role breadth self-efficacy mediated the influence of servant leadership on team member proactivity. All hypotheses were supported. Overall, this study enriches and develops related theories of proactive behaviors’ influencing factors. It uses cognitive evaluation theory to integrate the mechanisms that motivate employees’ proactive behaviors. It species the different psychological processes that servant leadership promotes employees’ proactive behaviors directed to different targets. It provides important references for managers to effectively encourage employees’ individual task proactivity and team member proactivity. Besides, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed at the end of the article.
Web-based evidence excavation to explore the authenticity of local events

With the increasing employment of the Web in our daily lives, we often use it to find evidence of real-world events. The difference with normal web searches is that users want to reveal whether an event is true or false based on firm facts. In this paper, we propose a model to excavate real-world events from the Web, to manage the vestige in spatio-temporal space and to offer users reliable evidence of an event. We also describe a similarity measure between events to perform searching and clustering. A credibility estimation method, based on the trustworthiness of events and the authority of web sites, using a primary experiment is also presented.
Towards a Framework for Continuous Planning and Execution

This paper reports on the first phase of the Continuous Planning and Execution Framework (CPEF), a system that employs sophisticated plan generation, execution, monitoring, and repair capabilities to solve complex tasks in unpredictable and dynamic environments. CPEF embraces the philosophy that plans are dynamic, open-ended artifacts that must evolve in response to an ever-changing environment. In particular, plans and activities are updated in response to new information and requirements to ensure that they remain viable and relevant. Users are an integral part of the process, providing input that influences plan generation, repair, and overall system control. CPEF has been applied successfully to generate, execute, and repair complex plans for gaining and maintaining air superiority within a simulated operating environment.
80 New Packages to Mine Database Query Logs

The query log of a DBMS is a powerful resource. It enables many practical applications, including query optimization and user experience enhancement. And yet, mining SQL queries is a difficult task. The fundamental problem is that queries are symbolic objects, not vectors of numbers. Therefore, many popular statistical concepts, such as means, regression, or decision trees do not apply. Most authors limit themselves to ad hoc algorithms or approaches based on neighborhoods, such as k Nearest Neighbors. Our project is to challenge this limitation. We introduce methods to manipulate SQL queries as if they were vectors, thereby unlocking the whole statistical toolbox. We present three families of methods: feature maps, kernel methods, and Bayesian models. The first technique directly encodes queries into vectors. The second one transforms the queries implicitly. The last one exploits probabilistic graphical models as an alternative to vector spaces. We present the benefits and drawbacks of each solution, highlight how they relate to each other, and make the case for future investigation.
FPGA Implementation of GLCM

This paper presents hardware architecture for Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Texture is one of the important characteristics used in identifying objects or regions of interest in an image. A statistical method of examining texture that considers the spatial relationship of pixels is the GLCM, also known as the gray level spatial dependence matrix. The GLCM functions characterize the texture of an image by calculating how often pairs of pixel with specific values and in a specified spatial relationship occur in an image, creating a GLCM, and then extracting statistical measures from this matrix. GLCM is a second order statistical feature which contains information about pixels having similar gray level values in an image.
The Function of a Spindle Checkpoint Gene bub-1 in C. elegans Development

Background The serine/threonine kinase BUB1 (Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1) was originally identified in yeast as a checkpoint protein, based on its mutant's incapacity of delaying the cell cycle in response to loss of microtubules. Our understanding of its function is primarily from studies carried out in yeast S. cerevisiae. It has been shown that it is a component of the mitotic spindle checkpoint and regulates the separation of sister chromatids through its downstream molecules. However, its roles in multi-cellular organisms remain unclear. Methods and Findings In nematode C. elegans, rapid cell divisions primarily occur in embryos and in germline of postembryonic larvae and adults. In addition, a select set of cells undergo a few rounds of cell division postembryonically. One common phenotype associated with impaired cell division is described as Stu (Sterile and Uncoordinated) [1], [2]. We conducted a genetic screen for zygotic mutants that displayed Stu phenotype in C. elegans. We isolated seven Stu mutants that fell into five complementation groups. We report here that two mutations, FanWang5 (fw5) and FanWang8 (fw8) affect the bub-1 gene, a homolog of yeast BUB1. Both mutant alleles of fw5 and fw8 exhibited variable behavioral defects, including developmental arrest, uncoordination and sterility. The number of postembryonically born neurons in the ventral cord decreased and their axon morphology was abnormal. Also, the decrease of neurons in the ventral cord phenotype could not be suppressed by a caspase-3 loss-of-function mutant. In addition, bub-1(fw5 and fw8) mutants showed widespread effects on postembryonic development in many cell lineages. We found that bub-1 functioned maternally in several developmental lineages at the embryonic stage in C. elegans. Studies in yeast have shown that BUB1 functions as a spindle checkpoint protein by regulating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). We performed double mutant analysis and observed that bub-1 genetically interacted with several downstream genes, including fzy-1/CDC20, mat-2/APC1 and emb-27/APC6. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a conserved role of bub-1 in cell-cycle regulation and reveal that C. elegans bub-1 is required both maternally and zygotically. Further, our genetic analysis is consistent with that the function of bub-1 in C. elegans is likely similar to its yeast and mammalian homologs.
Contribution of CgPDR1-Regulated Genes in Enhanced Virulence of Azole-Resistant Candida glabrata

In Candida glabrata, the transcription factor CgPdr1 is involved in resistance to azole antifungals via upregulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC)-transporter genes including at least CgCDR1, CgCDR2 and CgSNQ2. A high diversity of GOF (gain-of-function) mutations in CgPDR1 exists for the upregulation of ABC-transporters. These mutations enhance C. glabrata virulence in animal models, thus indicating that CgPDR1 might regulate the expression of yet unidentified virulence factors. We hypothesized that CgPdr1-dependent virulence factor(s) should be commonly regulated by all GOF mutations in CgPDR1. As deduced from transcript profiling with microarrays, a high number of genes (up to 385) were differentially regulated by a selected number (7) of GOF mutations expressed in the same genetic background. Surprisingly, the transcriptional profiles resulting from expression of GOF mutations showed minimal overlap in co-regulated genes. Only two genes, CgCDR1 and PUP1 (for PDR1 upregulated and encoding a mitochondrial protein), were commonly upregulated by all tested GOFs. While both genes mediated azole resistance, although to different extents, their deletions in an azole-resistant isolate led to a reduction of virulence and decreased tissue burden as compared to clinical parents. As expected from their role in C. glabrata virulence, the two genes were expressed as well in vitro and in vivo. The individual overexpression of these two genes in a CgPDR1-independent manner could partially restore phenotypes obtained in clinical isolates. These data therefore demonstrate that at least these two CgPDR1-dependent and -upregulated genes contribute to the enhanced virulence of C. glabrata that acquired azole resistance.
Digital Hardware Implementation of a Neural System Used for Nonlinear Adaptive Prediction

Neural networks have been widely used for many applications in digital communications. They are able to give solutions to complex problems due to their nonlinear processing and their learning and generalization. Neural networks are one of the key technologies for the communication domain and accordingly a special effort may be expected to be paid to real time hardware implementation issues. In this study, it is proposed a digital hardware implementation of a neural system based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The neural system is used for the nonlinear adaptive prediction of nonstationary signals such as speech signals. The implemented architecture of the MLP is generated using a generic elementary neuron (EN). The polynomial approximation method is used to implement the sigmoidal activation function. The back-propagation algorithm is used to implant the prediction task. The circuit implementation architecture is detailed, for achieving real-time prediction for speech signals. The designed ASIC circuit includes a neural network block, an on-chip learning block and a memory used for storing the synaptic weights for updating.