Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Memory and Language Manuscript Draft Title: Differentiating the Differentiation Models: a Comparison of the Retrieving Effectively from Memory Model (rem) and the Subjective Likelihood Model (slim) Differentiating the Differentiation Models: a Comparison 

The subjective likelihood model (SLiM; McClelland & Chappell, 1998) and the retrieving effectively from memory model (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) have long been thought of as nearly identical models that share assumptions and make parallel predictions. Indeed both models share two core assumptions: a Bayesian inspired decision process and the process of differentiation, whereby more experience with an item results in greater certainty about the feature belonging to the item and the features absent from the item. We report several simulations showing cases where the models diverge in their predictions and empirically test one such case. from Memory Model (REM) and the Subjective Likelihood Model (SLiM) " to be included in the special issue on memory models in the Journal of Memory and Language. As obvious from the title, we take a critical look at the SLiM and REM models and report several simulations highlighting cases where they make different qualitative predictions or account for the same phenomenon in a different way. In addition, we report an experiment testing one such difference. We look forward to your comments. Abstract The subjective likelihood model (SLiM; McClelland & Chappell, 1998) and the retrieving effectively from memory model (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) have long been thought of as nearly identical models that share assumptions and make parallel predictions. Indeed both models share two core assumptions: a Bayesian inspired decision process and the process of differentiation, whereby more experience with an item results in greater certainty about the feature belonging to the item and the features absent from the item. We report several simulations showing cases where the models diverge in their predictions and empirically test one such case. 3 The goal of this paper is to compare and contrast two mathematical models of episodic REM and SLiM? These models share the core assumptions of a Bayesian decision process and the concept of differentiation (each will be discussed in greater detail later). They were initially developed to account for overlapping sets of empirical findings and were published around the same time. The combination of these factors resulted in the field essentially perceiving the two models as twins. This is evident in reading the literature as the two are almost universally cited together and assumed to make identical predictions. This belief perhaps grew out of the same impression by the authors of the models as obvious in the following quotes: " . it …
Localizing proteins in the cell from their phylogenetic profiles.

We introduce a computational method for identifying subcellular locations of proteins from the phylogenetic distribution of the homologs of organellar proteins. This method is based on the observation that proteins localized to a given organelle by experiments tend to share a characteristic phylogenetic distribution of their homologs-a phylogenetic profile. Therefore any other protein can be localized by its phylogenetic profile. Application of this method to mitochondrial proteins reveals that nucleus-encoded proteins previously known to be destined for mitochondria fall into three groups: prokaryote-derived, eukaryote-derived, and organism-specific (i.e., found only in the organism under study). Prokaryote-derived mitochondrial proteins can be identified effectively by their phylogenetic profiles. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 361 nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins can be identified at 50% accuracy with 58% coverage. From these values and the proportion of conserved mitochondrial genes, it can be inferred that approximately 630 genes, or 10% of the nuclear genome, is devoted to mitochondrial function. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, we estimate that there are approximately 660 nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes, or 4% of its genome, with approximately 400 of these genes contributed from the prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestor. The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. We observe measurably distinct phylogenetic profiles among proteins from different subcellular compartments, allowing the general use of prokaryotic genomes in learning features of eukaryotic proteins.
CEO Perquisites and Family Firms

Recent studies documented that U.S. family firms outperform non-family firms, and the effect is more pronounced when founder of the firm is involved. We find that family ownership reduces the consumption of managerial perquisites. Further, within family firms, founderand hired-CEOs consume less, and the descendent-CEOs more, perks. Moreover, we find that the stock price drops by 2.1% around the disclosure of a descendent CEO’s initial perk consumption, but does not react negatively to the announcement of the initial perk usage of other types of CEOs. Our findings are consistent with the notion that family ownership and management are both associated with agency problems that reveal themselves in the consumption of personal perks by CEOs.
Feasibility study on iPhone accelerometer for gait detection

Falls amongst the elderly is becoming a major problem with over 50% of elderly hospitalizations due to injury from fall related accidents. Healthcare expenses are dramatically rising due to growing elderly population. Many current technologies for gait analysis are laboratory-based and can incur substantial costs for the healthcare sector for treatment of falls. However utilization of alternative commercially available technologies can potentially reduce costs. Accelerometers are one such option, being ambulatory motion sensors for the detection of orientation and movement. Smart mobile devices are considered as non-invasive and increasingly contain accelerometers for detecting device orientation. This study looks at the capabilities of the accelerometer within a smart mobile device, namely the iPhone, for identification of gait events from walking along a flat surface. The results prove that it is possible to extract features from the accelerometer of an iPhone such as step detection, stride time and cadence.
Enhancing Book Recommendation with Side Information

Recommendation systems are being broadly adopted in various applications to suggest items of interest to users amidst the enormous volume of available information. And many academic libraries have implemented various recommendation technologies to attract more readers and evaluate the resource utilization. And collaborative filtering (CF) technologies are widely used. However, one key issue limiting the success of collaborative filtering in certain application domains is the cold-start problem. In this paper, we aim to solve this problem with side information including the profile of the readers and the information of the books. We propose three approaches: the first is a recommendation method based on readers' side information, the second one is based on the books' side information, the third one contains two methods to combine the side information and the rating information. And the experiments evaluated on the real dataset which is very sparse validate the efficiency of the methods.
Electrical Modeling of Stochastic Spin Transfer Torque Writing in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Memory and Logic Applications

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of nonvolatile memories and programmable logic chips. Spin transfer torque (STT) in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) exhibits noticeable performance enhancements compared to that with In-plane magnetic anisotropy, particularly in terms of thermal stability, critical current for switching, access speed and power consumption. However, the STT switching of MTJ has been revealed stochastic, which results from unavoidable thermal fluctuations of magnetization. This leads to the occurrence of write errors which deeply affects the reliability of hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits. In this paper, we present the first spice-compact model of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structure PMA-MTJ integrating STT stochastic behaviors. Depending on the relative magnitude between the switching current (I) and the critical current (Ico), the STT stochastic behaviors of this PMA-MTJ can be categorized into two regions: Sun model (I > Ico) and Neel-Brown model (I <; 0.8Ico). The Monte-Carlo simulations for single cell and hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits show the stochastic behaviors in both writing and sensing operations. This model can be very useful for investigating the reliability issues during the design and simulation before process fabrication.
Power Optimal Opportunistic Scheduling in Fading Wireless Channel

In this paper, we propose a power optimal opportunistic scheduling scheme for a multiuser single hop Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system. We formulate the problem of minimizing average transmission power subject to minimum rate constraints for individual users. We suggest a stochastic approximation based scheme to implement the policy and prove the convergence and stability of this algorithm. We demonstrate through simulations that the algorithm converges to optimal policy in reasonable iterations for it to be practically useful. Our algorithm is applicable for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) as well as Markovian channel fading. Finally, we extend the power optimal scheduling algorithm for providing temporal fairness among users.
Efficiency of the floating body as a robust measure of dispersion

Among robust notions of shape, depth and dispersion of a distribution or dataset we have Tukey depth and depth curves, which are essentially the same as the convex ﬂoating body in convex geometry. These notions are important because they play the role of multidimensional quantiles and rank statistics. At the same time, they can be diﬃcult to use because they are computationally intractable in general. We develop a theory of algorithmic eﬃciency for these notions for several broad and relevant families of distributions: symmetric log-concave distributions and certain multivariate stable distributions and power-law distributions. As an example of the power of these results, we show how to solve the Independent Component Analysis problem for power-law distributions, even when the ﬁrst moment is inﬁnite.
Chlamydia testing in infertility management

In the majority of women, chlamydia infections occur during adolescence, and remain asymptomatic. These unrecognized and untreated infections may increase the risk for tubal factor subfertility at a later age. Since the association between chlamydia IgG antibodies in serum and tubal pathology was noticed, chlamydia antibody testing (CAT) has been used in the fertility work-up as an inexpensive and non-invasive screening test for tubal factor subfertility. The predictive value of CAT is limited, however, and clinicians should be aware of factors known to affect the diagnostic accuracy of CAT (such as test and cut-off titre used, and definition of tubal factor subfertility). Women who undergo uterine instrumentation (e.g. hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy with hydrotubation) are considered at risk for pelvic infections. In subfertile women, the incidence of active chlamydia infections is low (1-2%). But since the presence of viable chlamydia micro-organisms in their upper genital tracts cannot be excluded, prophylactic antibiotics before uterine instrumentation should be considered in all subfertile women, instead of endocervical screening for C. trachomatis and treatment of positive cases only.
Between- and Within-Domain Relations of Academic Motivation Among Middle and High School Students: Self-Efficacy, Task-Value, and Achievement Goals

The author used confirmatory factor analysis to examine between-domain relations of self-efficacy , task-value, and achievement goal orientations among 424 Korean middle and high school students. AH motivational constructs demonstrated strong subject specificity in both age groups. Strengths of betweendomain associations differed substantially by individual constructs. Performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals were highly correlated across domains, whereas task-value and mastery goals were more distinct across domains. Self-efficacy perceptions were moderately correlated across subjects. High school students' academic motivation was more differentiated than that of middle school students. Within-domain interrelations among these motivation constructs were generally consistent with previous research. More important, consistent patterns of relations were observed in four different academic domains within each age group.
CentroidHomfold-LAST: accurate prediction of RNA secondary structure using automatically collected homologous sequences

Although secondary structure predictions of an individual RNA sequence have been widely used in a number of sequence analyses of RNAs, accuracy is still limited. Recently, we proposed a method (called ‘CentroidHomfold’), which includes information about homologous sequences into the prediction of the secondary structure of the target sequence, and showed that it substantially improved the performance of secondary structure predictions. CentroidHomfold, however, forces users to prepare homologous sequences of the target sequence. We have developed a Web application (CentroidHomfold-LAST) that predicts the secondary structure of the target sequence using automatically collected homologous sequences. LAST, which is a fast and sensitive local aligner, and CentroidHomfold are employed in the Web application. Computational experiments with a commonly-used data set indicated that CentroidHomfold-LAST substantially outperformed conventional secondary structure predictions including CentroidFold and RNAfold.
Rebuttal Analogy in Persuasive Messages

Research concerning rebuttal analogy suggests that communicators using this argument form are perceived unfavorably by message receivers. To further understand the effects of rebuttal analogy, the present investigation examines respondents’ perceived likability of rebuttal analogy users, respondents’ cognitive responses to the message, and their reported attitudes toward messages using rebuttal analogy. Respondents were either exposed to one of four persuasive messages employing rebuttal analogy or to one of the same four messages with a nonanalogy version of the argument. As predicted, results revealed that respondents rated the communicator using rebuttal analogy as less likable. Cognitive responses and argument recall showed the message-processing effects of rebuttal analogy. However, no significant difference for attitude was detected between groups. Implications of the findings are discussed and research directions concerning persuasion are offered.
HSF1 stress response pathway regulates autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62-associated proteostasis

ABSTRACT Proteostasis is important for protecting cells from harmful proteins and is mainly controlled by the HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1) stress response pathway. This pathway facilitates protein refolding by molecular chaperones; however, it is unclear whether it functions in autophagy or inclusion formation. The autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 is involved in selective autophagic clearance and inclusion formation by harmful proteins, and its phosphorylation at S349, S403, and S407 is required for binding to substrates. Here, we demonstrate that casein kinase 1 phosphorylates the SQSTM1 S349 residue when harmful proteins accumulate. Investigation of upstream factors showed that both SQSTM1 S349 and SQSTM1 S403 residues were phosphorylated in an HSF1 dependent manner. Inhibition of SQSTM1 phosphorylation suppressed inclusion formation by ubiquitinated proteins and prevented colocalization of SQSTM1 with aggregation-prone proteins. Moreover, HSF1 inhibition impaired aggregate-induced autophagosome formation and elimination of protein aggregates. Our findings indicate that HSF1 triggers SQSTM1-mediated proteostasis.
Acute mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: the “door to support” time

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. CS begins as a hemodynamic problem with impaired cardiac output leading to reduced systemic perfusion, increased residual volume within the left and right ventricles, and increased cardiac filling pressures. A critical step towards the development of future algorithms is a clear understanding of the treatment objectives for CS. In this review, we introduce the “door to support” time as an emerging target of therapy to improve outcomes associated with CS, define four key treatment objectives in the management of CS, discuss the importance of early hemodynamic assessment and appropriate selection of acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) devices for CS, and introduce a classification scheme that identifies subtypes of CS based on cardiac filling pressures.
Attributable Risk of Infection to mTOR Inhibitors Everolimus and Temsirolimus in the Treatment of Cancer

ABSTRACT The risk of infection attributable to mTOR inhibitors has not been determined. Databases from PubMed and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings were searched. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, in which everolimus or temsirolimus was compared with placebo. A total of 12 trials were included. The attributable incidences of all-grade and high-grade infections to mTOR inhibitors were 9.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–14.6%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.2–4.4%) respectively. The risk varied widely with tumor types (p <.001). There was substantial risk of infection attributable to mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus.
Accurate and Robust LFG-Based Generation for Chinese

We describe three PCFG-based models for Chinese sentence realisation from Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) f-structures. Both the lexicalised model and the history-based model improve on the accuracy of a simple wide-coverage PCFG model by adding lexical and contextual information to weaken inappropriate independence assumptions implicit in the PCFG models. In addition, we provide techniques for lexical smoothing and rule smoothing to increase the generation coverage. Trained on 15,663 automatically LFG f-structure annotated sentences of the Penn Chinese treebank and tested on 500 sentences randomly selected from the treebank test set, the lexicalised model achieves a BLEU score of 0.7265 at 100% coverage, while the history-based model achieves a BLEU score of 0.7245 also at 100% coverage.
Induction of Tissue Transglutaminase in Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes by Intracellular Delivery of Retinoids

Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) from normal donors, isolated by counter‐current centrifugal elutriation into two subpopulations, showed no significant difference in their ability to differentiate in vitro into macrophages as determined by induction of a protein cross‐linking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TGase). The two subpopulations were equally responsive to the augmenting effect of recombinant interferon‐γ (riFN‐γ) on expression of tissue TGase. In vitro maturation and treatment with rlFN‐γ of HPBM were associated with increased binding of tritlated retinol. Intracellular delivery of retinol rendered this hormone active in inducing the differentiation of HPBM. The retinoid‐induced expression of tissue TGase was the result of increased accumulation of the enzyme peptide and not activation of preexisting enzyme. We propose, therefore, that maturation of HPBM, induced by in vitro culture or treatment with rlFN‐γ, is associated with acquisition of cell surface receptors for serum retinol‐binding protein.
Using Inclusion Literature to Promote Positive Attitudes toward Disabilities.

mandate that every child has the right to a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. As more and more regular classrooms provide an education for all students, with or without a disability, classroom teachers must assist all students in adjusting to an inclusive classroom, provide guidance for positive social interactions, and create classroom environments that facilitate
Risk reduction of falls and fractures, reduction of back pain and safety in elderly high risk patients receiving combined therapy with alfacalcidol and alendronate: a prospective study

Abstract Efficacy and safety of a new combination package containing 4 or 12 self-explanatory one-week blisters, each with one tablet of 70 mg alendronate (CAS 260055-05-8) and 7 capsules of 1 μg alfacalcidol (CAS 41294-56-8) (Tevabone®) on muscle power, muscle function, balance and back pain was investigated in an open, multi-centered, uncontrolled, prospective study on a cohort of elderly patients with a high risk of falls and fractures. 818 practicing physicians all over Germany recruited 2579 patients for a 3-month observational trial being treated with the above combination package. 92.4% were women [89.7% of the women had postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO)]. Their average age was 74.1 years and the mean body mass index 26.4 kg/m2. 55.4% had a history of falls. Prevalent vertebral and non-vertebral fractures were documented in 62.9% and 61.4% of the patients, respectively, and a creatinine clearance below 65 ml/min was documented in 65.5%. Main outcome parameters were the Chair Rising Test (CRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), back pain and safety at onset and after 3 months. In addition an evaluation of the package design was done at the end of the study. The percentage of patients able to perform the CRT within 10 sec increased from 26.3% to 42.9% after 3 months (increase 63%, p < 0.0001), while successful performance within 10 sec of TUG increased by 54% (p < 0.0001) from 30.6% at onset to 47.1% after 3 months. The average overall improvement of CRT was 2.3 sec (p < 0.0001) and of TUG amounted to 2.4 sec (p < 0.0001). It was shown in another recently published study that a mean increase of 2.6 sec in the performance of TUG results in a 24% increased risk for non-vertebral fractures. Mean back pain measured by a 0-10 visual analogue scale decreased significantly by 41% from 5.9 to 3.5 (p < 0.0001). Throughout the study, 178 adverse events (AE) were reported in 85 of the 2579 patients (incidence: 3.3%). Only 3 patients experienced serious AE, 2 without causal relationship to the new combination pack. Patients using the new combined regimen of alfacalcidol plus alendronate achieved significant improvement in CRT, TUG and back pain already after 3 months, with a high safety profile and good compliance. This may contribute to the previously shown significant effect on reducing falls and fractures with the same regimen during a controlled long-term trial. The same trend was found in all mentioned efficacy parameters and no different trend in safety in the large subgroup of 2106 women with documented PMO.
Abstract Interpretation of Programs for Model-Based Debugging

Developing model-based automatic debugging strategies has been an active research area for several years. We present a model-based debugging approach that is based on Abstract Interpretation, a technique borrowed from program analysis. The Abstract Interpretation mechanism is integrated with a classical model-based reasoning engine. We test the approach on sample programs and provide the first experimental comparison with earlier models used for debugging. The results show that the Abstract Interpretation based model provides more precise explanations than previous models or standard non-model based approaches.