Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of monocyte lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) in accessory cell function

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the common β subunit shared by lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1), CR3 and p150,95 or the α subunit of LFA‐1, inhibited the T lymphocyte proliferative response to tetanus toxoid, pokeweed mitogen‐1 and OKT3 but had little or no effect on the response to the leukoagglutinating lectins pokeweed mitogen‐2 and phytohemagglutinin. The LFA‐1 molecule was shown to participate in the adhesive interaction between monocytes and T lymphocytes that was required for the initiation of an immune response. Both monocyte and T lymphocyte LFA‐1 were found to contribute to this interaction. These results further define the part played by the LFA‐1 molecule in the activation of T lymphocytes.
Ensembles of Partially Trained SVMs with Multiplicative Updates

The training of support vector machines (SVM) involves a quadratic programming problem, which is often optimized by a complicated numerical solver. In this paper, we propose a much simpler approach based on multiplicative updates. This idea was first explored in [Cristianini et al., 1999], but its convergence is sensitive to a learning rate that has to be fixed manually. Moreover, the update rule only works for the hard-margin SVM, which is known to have poor performance on noisy data. In this paper, we show that the multiplicative update of SVM can be formulated as a Bregman projection problem, and the learning rate can then be adapted automatically. Moreover, because of the connection between boosting and Bregman distance, we show that this multiplicative update for SVM can be regarded as boosting the (weighted) Parzen window classifiers. Motivated by the success of boosting, we then consider the use of an adaptive ensemble of the partially trained SVMs. Extensive experiments show that the proposed multiplicative update rule with an adaptive learning rate leads to faster and more stable convergence. Moreover, the proposed ensemble has efficient training and comparable or even better accuracy than the best-tuned soft-margin SVM.
Identification of scyllo‐inositol in proton NMR spectra of human brain in vivo

Scyllo‐inositol has been identified in proton NMR spectra of mammalian brain in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to myo‐inositol this isomer comprises six equivalent CH protons that yield a singlet resonance at a chemical shift of 3.35 ppm. 1‐D and 2‐D J‐resolved proton NMR studies (7.0 T) of perchloric acid extracts of brain tissues revealed different amounts of scyllo‐inositol in man, sheep, cow and rat. Absolute quantification of localized short‐echo time proton NMR spectra (2.0 T) of human brain in vivo resulted in scyllo‐inositol concentrations of 0.35±0.06 mM for white matter (n = 25), 0.43±0.11 mM for grey matter (n = 23) and 0.57±0.14 mM for cerebellum (n = 10). Evidence for a tight metabolic link to myo‐inositol was supported by a simultaneous variation of myo‐ and scyllo‐inositol in patients with various brain diseases.
Low-complexity waveform coding via alphabet and sample-set partitioning

We propose a new low-complexity entropy-coding method to be used for coding waveform signals. It is based on the combination of two schemes: (1) an alphabet partitioning method to reduce the complexity of the entropy-coding process; (2) a new recursive set partitioning entropy-coding process that achieves rates smaller than first order entropy even with fast Huffman adaptive codecs. Numerical results with its application for lossy and loss-less image compression show the efficacy of the new method, comparable to the best known methods.
Acoustical keystroke analysis for user identification and authentication

This article describes a new algorithm of calibrated user authentication using acoustical monitoring of keyboard when typing the pre-defined word. The HMM (Hidden Markov Models) with MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) features were used in the setup. In authentication task a low EER (Equal Error Rate) was achieved between 9.4% and 14.8% using a calibration setup and 3 sessions training. For identification part the accuracy of 99.33% was achieved, when testing 25% of realizations (randomly selected from 100 recordings) identifying between 50 users/models. Calibration was done using one user recording to calibrate the microphone and keyboard table setup when enrolling his model. Genuine and impostor tests were realized for 50 volunteers typing 100 words each in 4 sessions.
Predictive value of assessment of general movements for neurological development of high-risk preterm infants: comparative study.

AIM To assess the predictive value of normal, abnormal, or absent general movements in high-risk preterm infants for the later neurological development. METHODS The study involved 120 high-risk preterm infants (gestational age, < or =37 weeks) having at least three or more antenatal, perinatal, or neonatal risk factors for impaired neurological development, and 112 age-matched controls. The method of general movements of fidgety character assessment was compared with classical neurological examinations performed longitudinally until the corrected age of two years. The age-adequate neurological examinations based on the criteria by Amiel-Tison and Grenier and Illingworth were used. Specialists in clinical psychology also monitored the child's development. The results of specialists' examinations were taken into account. RESULTS Out of 83 high-risk preterm infants with normal fidgety movements, 81 (97%) had a normal neurological outcome. Abnormal or absent fidgety movements were followed by abnormal neurological outcome in 30 (81%) out of 37 infants. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 13 children, mental retardation in one, whereas 16 children had both cerebral palsy and mental retardation. The validity of the general movement assessment was 92%, sensitivity 94%, specificity 92%, positive predictive value 81%, and negative predictive value 98%. These values were better than those of the classical neurologic examination (60%, 97%, 43%, 44%, and 97%, respectively). CONCLUSION The method of general movement assessment had significantly better validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value than classical neurological examination of high-risk preterm infants.
Radioimmunotherapy of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

This manuscript reviews current advances in the use of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). RIT has been in use for more than 20 years and has progressed significantly with the discovery of new molecular targets, the development of new stable chelates, the humanization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and the use of pretargeting techniques. Today, two products targeting the CD20 antigen are approved: 131I-tositumomab (Bexxar®), and 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®). 131I-tositumomab is available in the United States, and 90Y-ibritumumab tiuxetan in Europe, the United States, Asia, and Africa. RIT can be integrated in clinical practice using non-ablative activities for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) or as consolidation after induction chemotherapy in front-line treatment in FL patients. Despite the lack of phase III studies to clearly define the efficacy of RIT in the management of B lymphoma in the era of rituximab-based therapy, RIT efficacy in NHL has been demonstrated. In relapsing refractory FL and transformed NHL, RIT as a monotherapy induces around 30% complete response with a possibility of durable remissions. RIT consolidation after induction therapy significantly improves the quality of the response. Dose-limiting toxicity of RIT is hematological, depending on bone marrow involvement and prior treatment. Non-hematological toxicity is generally low. Different studies have been published assessing innovative protocols of RIT or new indications, in particular treatment in patients with aggressive lymphomas. High-dose treatment, RIT as consolidation after different therapeutic induction modalities, RIT in first-line treatment or fractionated RIT showed promising results. New MAbs, in particular humanized MAbs, or combinations of naked and radiolabeled MAbs, also appear promising. Personalized dosimetry protocols should be developed to determine injected activity.
First discovery of meteoritic events in deep Antarctic (EPICA‐Dome C) ice cores

Two distinct dust layers in the EPICA‐Dome C ice core (75°06′S, 123°21′E, East Antarctic Plateau) have been shown to relate to individual meteoritic events. Particles forming these layers, investigated by electron microprobe, show peculiar textural, mineralogical and geochemical features and closely resemble extraterrestrial debris in deep‐sea sediments and polar caps. Preliminary estimates of cosmic debris input at the studied layers, obtained from Coulter Counter measurements, are 4–5 orders of magnitude greater than the yearly micrometeorite flux in East Antarctic snow and ice. The cosmic events are accurately dated through glaciological models at 434 ± 6 and 481 ± 6 ka, respectively and are located in the core climatic stratigraphy near the “Mid‐Brunhes Event”. This is the first report of well‐dated cosmic horizons in deep Antarctic ice cores. It significantly improves the extraterrestrial record of Antarctica and opens new correlation perspectives between long climatic records of the South polar region.
Label-Free Sensing of Adenosine Based on Force Variations Induced by Molecular Recognition

We demonstrate a simple force-based label-free strategy for the highly sensitive sensing of adenosine. An adenosine ssDNA aptamer was bound onto an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe by covalent modification, and the molecular-interface adsorption force between the aptamer and a flat graphite surface was measured by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). In the presence of adenosine, the molecular recognition between adenosine and the aptamer resulted in the formation of a folded, hairpin-like DNA structure and hence caused a variation of the adsorption force at the graphite/water interface. The sensitive force response to molecular recognition provided an adenosine detection limit in the range of 0.1 to 1 nM. The addition of guanosine, cytidine, and uridine had no significant interference with the sensing of adenosine, indicating a strong selectivity of this sensor architecture. In addition, operational parameters that may affect the sensor, such as loading rate and solution ionic strength, were investigated.
Syntax-Directed Attention for Neural Machine Translation

Attention mechanism, including global attention and local attention, plays a key role in neural machine translation (NMT). Global attention attends to all source words for word prediction. In comparison, local attention selectively looks at fixed-window source words. However, alignment weights for the current target word often decrease to the left and right by linear distance centering on the aligned source position and neglect syntax distance constraints. In this paper, we extend the local attention with syntax-distance constraint, which focuses on syntactically related source words with the predicted target word to learning a more effective context vector for predicting translation. Moreover, we further propose a double context NMT architecture, which consists of a global context vector and a syntax-directed context vector from the global attention, to provide more translation performance for NMT from source representation. The experiments on the large-scale Chinese-to-English and English-to-German translation tasks show that the proposed approach achieves a substantial and significant improvement over the baseline system.
The Explanatory Role of Relationship Power and Control in Domestic Violence Against Women in Nicaragua

This study offers a feminist psychology analysis of various aspects of relationship power and control and their relative explanatory contribution to understanding physical, psychological, and sexual violence against women. Findings from structured interviews with 345 women from rural Nicaragua (Mage = 44) overwhelmingly demonstrate that measures of power and control reflecting interpersonal relationship dynamics have the strongest predictive power for explaining violence when compared in multivariate analyses to several of the more commonly used measures. These findings have implications for future research and the evaluation of interventions designed to decrease levels of violence against women.
From Symmetry Breaking to Topology Change I

By means of an analogy with Classical Mechanics and Geometrical Optics, we are able to reduce Lagrangians to a kinetic term only. This form enables us to examine the extended solution set of field theories by finding the geodesics of this kinetic term's metric. This new geometrical standpoint sheds light on some foundational issues of QFT and brings to the forefront core aspects of field theory.
Proper Timing of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination of Piglets with Maternally Derived Antibodies Will Maximize Expected Protection Levels

We investigated to what extent maternally derived antibodies interfere with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in order to determine the factors that influence the correct vaccination for piglets. Groups of piglets with maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated at different time points following birth, and the antibody titers to FMD virus (FMDV) were measured using virus neutralization tests (VNT). We used 50 piglets from 5 sows that had been vaccinated 3 times intramuscularly in the neck during pregnancy with FMD vaccine containing strains of FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia-1. Four groups of 10 piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly in the neck at 3, 5, 7, or 9 weeks of age using a monovalent Cedivac-FMD vaccine (serotype A TUR/14/98). One group of 10 piglets with maternally derived antibodies was not vaccinated, and another group of 10 piglets without maternally derived antibodies was vaccinated at 3 weeks of age and served as a control group. Sera samples were collected, and antibody titers were determined using VNT. In our study, the antibody responses of piglets with maternally derived antibodies vaccinated at 7 or 9 weeks of age were similar to the responses of piglets without maternally derived antibodies vaccinated at 3 weeks of age. The maternally derived antibody levels in piglets depended very strongly on the antibody titer in the sow, so the optimal time for vaccination of piglets will depend on the vaccination scheme and quality of vaccine used in the sows and should, therefore, be monitored and reviewed on regular basis in countries that use FMD prophylactic vaccination.
Clostridium difficile Is an Autotrophic Bacterial Pathogen

During the last decade, Clostridium difficile infection showed a dramatic increase in incidence and virulence in the Northern hemisphere. This incessantly challenging disease is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial infectious diarrhea and became life-threatening especially among elderly people. It is generally assumed that all human bacterial pathogens are heterotrophic organisms, being either saccharolytic or proteolytic. So far, this has not been questioned as colonization of the human gut gives access to an environment, rich in organic nutrients. Here, we present data that C. difficile (both clinical and rumen isolates) is also able to grow on CO2+H2 as sole carbon and energy source, thus representing the first identified autotrophic bacterial pathogen. Comparison of several different strains revealed high conservation of genes for autotrophic growth and showed that the ability to use gas mixtures for growth decreases or is lost upon prolonged culturing under heterotrophic conditions. The metabolic flexibility of C. difficile (heterotrophic growth on various substrates as well as autotrophy) could allow the organism in the gut to avoid competition by niche differentiation and contribute to its survival when stressed or in unfavorable conditions that cause death to other bacteria. This may be an important trait for the pathogenicity of C. difficile.
Food Spoilage: Microorganisms and their prevention

Food spoilage can be defined as “any sensory change (tactile, visual, olfactory or flavour)” which the consumer considers to be unacceptable. Spoilage may occur at any stage along food chain. Spoilage may arise from insect damage, physical damage, indigenous enzyme activity in the animal or plant tissue or by microbial infections. Most natural foods have a limited life. Perishable foods such as fish, meat and bread have a short life span. Other food can be kept for a considerably longer time but decomposes eventually. Enzymes can bring about destruction of polymers in some foods while chemical reactions such as oxidation and rancidity decompose others but the main single cause of food spoilage is invasion by microorganisms such as moulds, yeast and bacteria. In case of mould spoilage a furry growth covers the food and it becomes soft and often smells bad. Bacterial contamination is more dangerous because very often food does not look bad even though severely infected, it may appear quite normal. The presence of highly dangerous toxins and bacterial spores is often not detected until after an outbreak of food poisoning, laboratory examination uncovers the infecting agent.
On-line unsupervised adaptation for face verification using Gaussian Mixture Models with multiple user models

In this paper, we present an initial study of on-line unsupervised adaptation for face verification. To the authorsâ€™ knowledge this is the first study of this type. The key contributions consist of four test scenarios for the BANCA database as well as two novel adaptation strategies that use multiple user models. We show that by using multiple user models for each user, we can perform on-line unsupervised adaptation with a consistent increase in verification performance. Finally, we show that one of the proposed strategies performs better, or as well as the baseline, in four test scenarios at all adaptation thresholds evaluated. This suggests that this strategy is robust against both changing conditions and inexact thresholds.
Dysregulation of System Xc- and Its Impact on Cocaine Seeking

DYSREGULATION OF SYSTEM XCAND ITS IMPACT ON COCAINE SEEKING Aric Madayag Marquette University, 2012 Abnormal glutamate signaling in the brain, particularly in the nucleus accumbens core, contributes to compulsive cocaine-seeking behavior. In the nucleus accumbens, two distinct pools of glutamate exist. The synaptic pool stimulates excitatory postsynaptic receptors, leading to cocaine seeking. Cystine-glutamate exchange by system xccontributes to the extrasynaptic pool and regulates neurotransmission by activating extrasynaptic receptors including inhibitory Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, positioning this as an important mechanism for regulating nucleus accumbens activity. We and others have found decreased levels of cystine-glutamate exchange in animals withdrawn from chronic cocaine administration. In chapter 1, we describe studies directly implicating diminished system xcactivity in abnormal glutamate signaling necessary for promoting drug seeking. Given that altered system xcactivity is essential to drug seeking, understanding the cellular basis of reduced cystine-glutamate exchange would advance our knowledge of the neural basis of addiction. Unfortunately, little is known about how the system is regulated. To address this, we sought to define conditions that permit the study of system xc(chapter 2). In chapter 3, we examined potential regulation of xcby dopamine, nonspecific dopamine agonists, D1-liked dopamine receptor agonists, and D2-like dopamine receptor agonists. While we found D1-like receptor regulation of cystine-glutamate exchange in mixed cortical culture, we did not observe this effect in tissue punches; thus, it is unlikely that abnormal regulation of system xcby dopamine underlies reduced cystine-glutamate exchange in cocaine-withdrawn animals. In chapter 4, we examined pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) because it has been recently shown to regulate extracellular glutamate homeostasis. We found acute and tonic regulation of cystine-glutamate exchange by PACAP-induced stimulation of Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase (PKC) activity. More importantly, we also determined that PACAP regulation of system xcis diminished in animals withdrawn from cocaine self-administration. These findings suggest dysregulated PACAP neurotransmission in cocaine-withdrawn animals contributes to the neural basis of addiction. By revealing novel mechanisms contributing to addiction, scientists can identify novel targets for therapeutic treatment.
Uptake of Plasmin-PN-1 Complexes in Early Human Atheroma

Zymogens are delivered to the arterial wall by radial transmural convection. Plasminogen can be activated within the arterial wall to produce plasmin, which is involved in evolution of the atherosclerotic plaque. Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) protect the vessels from proteolytic injury due to atherosclerosis development by highly expressing endocytic LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), and by producing anti-proteases, such as Protease Nexin-1 (PN-1). PN-1 is able to form covalent complexes with plasmin. We hypothesized that plasmin-PN-1 complexes could be internalized via LRP-1 by vSMCs during the early stages of human atheroma. LRP-1 is also responsible for the capture of aggregated LDL in human atheroma. Plasmin activity and immunohistochemical analyses of early human atheroma showed that the plasminergic system is activated within the arterial wall, where intimal foam cells, including vSMCs and platelets, are the major sites of PN-1 accumulation. Both PN-1 and LRP-1 are overexpressed in early atheroma at both messenger and protein levels. Cell biology studies demonstrated an increased expression of PN-1 and tissue plasminogen activator by vSMCs in response to LDL. Plasmin-PN-1 complexes are internalized via LRP-1 in vSMCs, whereas plasmin alone is not. Tissue PN-1 interacts with plasmin in early human atheroma via two complementary mechanisms: plasmin inhibition and tissue uptake of plasmin-PN-1 complexes via LRP-1 in vSMCs. Despite this potential protective effect, plasminogen activation by vSMCs remains abnormally elevated in the intima in early stages of human atheroma.
Analysis of the primary school teachers' perception of organizational health in terms of different variables

The aim of this study is to analyse the primary school teachers' perception of organizational health in terms of different variables. The sampling of the study is comprised of 385 primary school teachers who attended a course in Aksaray and Esenköy in-service training centers. The Organizational Health Inventory (OHI-S), which was developed by Hayand Miskel, was used in the research. The Organizational Health Inventory (OHI-S) scale was adapted to Turkish by the author and validity and reliability studies were conducted. Fre. :ıuency, arithmetic mean, t-test and variance analysis were calculated in the study. The research results were tested at p<. 05 leve! The research revealed that primary school teachers state that Initiating Structure (IS) dimension is much frequently realized, while Academic Emphasis (AB) subdimension is less realized. When the relationship between the subdimensionsof the organizational health are analysed, a relationship from the middIe ! evel to the upper is observed. The strongest relationship is observed between the subdimensions of initiating structure (IS) and consideration (C). There was a significant relationship between gender and Institutional Integrity (ll), marital status and morale, age and Initiating Structure (IS) and Academic Emphasis (AB), branch and Resource Support (RS) and Academic Emphasis (AE).