Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Model of Real Time Event Detection and Reporting

--A probabilistic model provides a way to detect multiple instances of real time events and to estimate the location of targeted event like earthquakes, typhoons, traffic jams. For this, two models have been proposed named temporal and spatial models to detect real time events and estimate the targeted event locations respectively by dealing with sensor reading appropriately. our work is based on the twitter-which is used to deal with sensor reading appropriately real time events and particularly for location estimation. An important characteristic of twitter is its real-time nature. We investigate the real-time interaction of events such as earthquakes in twitter and propose an algorithm to monitor tweets and to detect a target event. To detect a target event, we device a classifier of tweets based on features such as the keywords in a tweet, the number of words and their context, by using MI-SVM . We regard each twitter user as a sensor and apply particle filtering . which are widely used for location estimation. The particle filter works better than other other comparable methods for estimating the locations of target events. In a temporal model, each tweet has its own post time, when target event occurs. Depends on quantities of tweets, target event behavior can be analyzed. This distribution is apparently an exponential distribution i.e. 0.34 on average, on which data fit very well. In spatial model, each tweet, that is associated with a location and by using probabilistic approximation algorithm called” particle filter”, can estimate the location of event occurred from sensor readings. Particle filtering works better than other comparable methods for estimating the location of events. Finally, we develop a probabilistic model for real time event detection and reporting system using event detection algorithm.
Mini-bucket Elimination with Moment Matching

We investigate a hybrid of two styles of algorithms for deriv ing bounds for optimization tasks over graphical models: non-iterative mes sage-passing schemes exploiting variable duplication to reduce cluster sizes (e .g. MBE) and iterative methods that re-parameterize the problem’s functions aimi ng to produce good bounds even if functions are processed independently (e.g. MPLP). In this work we combine both ideas, augmenting MBE with re-parameteriza tion, which we call MBE with Moment Matching (MBE-MM). The results of prelimina ry empirical evaluations show the clear promise of the hybrid scheme over its individual components (e.g., pure MBE and pure MPLP). Most significantly, w e demonstrate the potential of the new bounds in improving the power of mechani c lly generated heuristics for branch and bound search.
Mathematical Modeling of Tuberculosis Bacillary Counts and Cellular Populations in the Organs of Infected Mice

Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a particularly aggressive microorganism and the host's defense is based on the induction of cellular immunity, in which the creation of a granulomatous structure has an important role. Methodology We present here a new 2D cellular automata model based on the concept of a multifunctional process that includes key factors such as the chemokine attraction of the cells; the role of innate immunity triggered by natural killers; the presence of neutrophils; apoptosis and necrosis of infected macrophages; the removal of dead cells by macrophages, which induces the production of foamy macrophages (FMs); the life cycle of the bacilli as a determinant for the evolution of infected macrophages; and the immune response. Results The results obtained after the inclusion of two degrees of tolerance to the inflammatory response triggered by the infection shows that the model can cover a wide spectrum, ranging from highly-tolerant (i.e. mice) to poorly-tolerant hosts (i.e. mini-pigs or humans). Conclusions This model suggest that stopping bacillary growth at the onset of the infection might be difficult and the important role played by FMs in bacillary drainage in poorly-tolerant hosts together with apoptosis and innate lymphocytes. It also shows the poor ability of the cellular immunity to control the infection, provides a clear protective character to the granuloma, due its ability to attract a sufficient number of cells, and explains why an already infected host can be constantly reinfected.
A generalized growing and pruning RBF (GGAP-RBF) neural network for function approximation

This work presents a new sequential learning algorithm for radial basis function (RBF) networks referred to as generalized growing and pruning algorithm for RBF (GGAP-RBF). The paper first introduces the concept of significance for the hidden neurons and then uses it in the learning algorithm to realize parsimonious networks. The growing and pruning strategy of GGAP-RBF is based on linking the required learning accuracy with the significance of the nearest or intentionally added new neuron. Significance of a neuron is a measure of the average information content of that neuron. The GGAP-RBF algorithm can be used for any arbitrary sampling density for training samples and is derived from a rigorous statistical point of view. Simulation results for bench mark problems in the function approximation area show that the GGAP-RBF outperforms several other sequential learning algorithms in terms of learning speed, network size and generalization performance regardless of the sampling density function of the training data.
A Time-and Space-Efficient Multi-pattern Matching Algorithm

In the intrusion detection systems, pattern matching algorithm has been the focus of this system. After studying various algorithms in this field, the paper presents a time-and space- efficient multi-pattern matching algorithm. The algorithm uses the bitmap to store the states which could compress the space, in the matching process the algorithm do not need to compare every character individually, it could skip characters as possible as we can according to the needs. It is a very time-saving algorithm. The thoughts of compression storage and jumping characters in the algorithm can reduce the hardware memory access times, so that the algorithm can more easily adapt to the hardware implementation.
Design and Simulation of Throughput based QoS MANET Routing for K-color Multiple Packet Reception Devices

Adhoc network is a self configuring mutually cooperated network of autonomous nodes. We consider the case of a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), with nodes that have multiple packet reception (MPR) capability.MPR is achieved by properly encoding the input signal into phases or segments to obtain better reception. such a segmentation of the incoming signal can be either a series of time-overlapping windows or a non time overlapping window, each to be processed by an algorithm that separates each transmitter signal. In this work we focus on the effect of varying the overlapping length. In this work we addressed the impact caused on the network throughput and on the relative computational complexity when the overlapping-length between consecutive analysis windows is varied, which has not been previously studied. Further considering Network Throughput obtained through network coding in MPR as a QoS parameter for route discovery, we obtain the best path which is proved to provide better result in termns of throughput, Packet delivery ratio and control overhead.
Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application

Block copolymers (BCPs) and their directed self‐assembly (DSA) has emerged as a realizable complementary tool to aid optical patterning of device elements for future integrated circuit advancements. Methods to enhance BCP etch contrast for DSA application and further potential applications of inorganic nanomaterial features (e.g., semiconductor, dielectric, metal and metal oxide) are examined. Strategies to modify, infiltrate and controllably deposit inorganic materials by utilizing neat self‐assembled BCP thin films open a rich design space to fabricate functional features in the nanoscale regime. An understanding and overview on innovative ways for the selective inclusion/infiltration or deposition of inorganic moieties in microphase separated BCP nanopatterns is provided. Early initial inclusion methods in the field and exciting contemporary reports to further augment etch contrast in BCPs for pattern transfer application are described. Specifically, the use of evaporation and sputtering methods, atomic layer deposition, sequential infiltration synthesis, metal‐salt inclusion and aqueous metal reduction methodologies forming isolated nanofeatures are highlighted in di‐BCP systems. Functionalities and newly reported uses for electronic and non‐electronic technologies based on the inherent properties of incorporated inorganic nanostructures using di‐BCP templates are highlighted. We outline the potential for extension of incorporation methods to triblock copolymer features for more diverse applications. Challenges and emerging areas of interest for inorganic infiltration of BCPs are also discussed.
End-to-End Congestion Relief Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

The routing protocol design for ad hoc networks is studied in this paper. First, we propose an end-to-end congestion relief routing protocol (ECRR) for ad hoc networks. Through sensing the hop count and congestion information of available paths, ECRR can select an appropriate route for data transmission. Based on ECRR and combining the advantages of single-path and multi-path routing strategies, we further develop a mixed-path end-to-end congestion relief routing protocol (M-ECRR). According to the current network state information, M-ECRR decides whether or not to execute the multi-path scheme. When the path length is small and network load is light, M-ECRR operates the single path strategy; otherwise it operates the multi-path strategy. Finally, we conduct extensive OPNET simulations to validate the performance of proposed routing protocols. The results indicate that compared with AODV, ECRR and M-ECRR can improve the network throughput, reduce the hop count and energy consumption, while ensuring the delay performance and control overhead.
Inference of High-Order Epistatic Interactions Using Generalized Relevance Learning Vector Quantization with Parametric Adjustment

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is an important type of variation in the genome which is frequently associated to particular traits or to underlying biological mechanisms. SNPs can operate alone or in groups, through epistatic interactions. In this work, we present a method to identify relevant high-order epistatic SNPs interactions involving 3, 4, and 5 SNPs. We use a pattern classification algorithm based on LVQ, called Generalized Relevance LVQ (GRLVQ). We show that by performing a careful algorithm analysis and a fine tunning of the parameters, the method is able to consistently obtain excellent results with low computational cost, when 3, 4 or 5 SNPs are considered in the epistasis. To the best of our knowledge, these results are far better than any other in the current literature.
Morphemes as Necessary Concept for Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora

This paper describes an overview of a method which allows discovery of syntactic structures from untagged corpora. It is composed of three main steps: the discovery of the grammatical morphemes of the language. Then the construction of the chunks which are a multilingual conceptual level allowing the bypass of the limping notion of words. And Finally the discovery of the relations between chunks. We give an overview of the different procedures realized and we especially describe the discovery of morphemes. This operation is divided into three steps: the discovery of the most frequent morphemes of the language. Then the discovery of the other morphemes, and finally the segmentation of the words of the corpus. We concluded with the procedure of correction which required the chunk level. The concepts and algorithms were tested on a twenty natural languages like English, German, Turkish, Vietnamese, Swahili, Finnish, Latin, Indonesian.
Psychology Applied to Teaching

This market-leading text has received wide acclaim for providing an applied, practical, and student-oriented approach to educational psychology. Psychology Applied to Teaching takes complex psychological theories and demonstrates how they apply to the everyday experiences of in-service teachers. The Twelfth Edition combines fresh concepts and contemporary research with long-standing theory and applications to create a textbook that addresses the needs of today's teachers and students. This new edition also reflects the Houghton Mifflin Education mission to help bridge the gap from preservice to practice. To that end, several of the program's features foster in students an appreciation of reflection. The first and last chapters discuss the concept and importance of reflective teaching; by providing Pause & Reflect and Journal Entry opportunities throughout the text prompt active reflection; and a new feature, Revealing & Challenging Assumptions, offers aspiring teachers opportunities to confront and reflect on problematic assumptions about teaching and learning.
Plasma-Assisted Combustion System for Incineration of Oil Slimes

This paper deals with the experiments on methane oxidation in a torch flame that is sustained in a combustion chamber by a low-current nonsteady-state plasmatron. The regimes of operation for such a system in a wide range of air-methane mixtures are analyzed. With the results of experiments, a torch flame generator with a heat power density per unit area at the exit of combustion chamber of about 1 kW/cm2 is developed. The generator represents an independent unit that can be used in different applications. As an example of application, a usage of the generator in an installation for incineration of oil slimes is described. The flame with a total heat power at a level of 10 kW is directed to a furnace where it assists the burning process of an atomized water-slime composition. Typical content of water in the composition is from 40% to 50% and total expenditure of the composition in continuous mode of operation is from 400 to 600 L/h. The productivity of the installation with respect to slime incineration amounts to 0.25 m3/h.
Creating Inclusive Physical Activity Spaces: The Case of Body-Positive Yoga

ABSTRACT Purpose: Within the modern cultural climate, those in larger bodies face high levels of weight stigma, particularly in sport and physical activity spaces, which serves as a strong barrier to their participation. However, given the strong link between physical activity and general health and well-being for participants, it is important to explore strategies that encourage participation of these individuals. Thus, the current research examined strategies that physical activity instructors use to develop inclusive exercise spaces for all body sizes. Method: This study employed a series of semistructured qualitative interviews (n = 9) with instructors of body-inclusive yoga classes to explore the ways in which they encourage participation for those in larger bodies. Results: Emergent themes from the current study suggested support for 6 factors for creating body-inclusive physical activity spaces: authentic leadership, a culture of inclusion, a focus on health, inclusive language, leader social activism, and a sense of community. Conclusion: This study revealed that leaders must intentionally cultivate inclusion in their spaces to encourage those in nonconforming bodies to participate. These findings have important health and management implications for the sport and physical activity context and provide a basic outline of practical strategies that practitioners can use to foster inclusion in their spaces.
Nanoemulsion: A promising tool for solubility and dissolution enhancement of celecoxib

The solubility and dissolution of the poorly soluble drug celecoxib (CXB) was enhanced using many techniques like nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle and solid dispersion in the present investigation. The solubility of CXB in each formulation was determined using the reported HPLC method at the wavelength of 250 nm. Dissolution studies of pure CXB and its formulations were performed using USP dissolution apparatus in distilled water. The highest solubility (228. 24 mg/mL) as well as % dissolution (99.9) of CXB was obtained with nanoemulsion technique. The results of solubility and dissolution were highly significant using the nanoemulsion technique as compared to other techniques (P < 0.01). All three formulations showed a sustained type of drug release. The best sustained type drug release was obtained with nanoemulsion. This indicated that nanoemulsion can be successfully used for sustained and controlled drug delivery of CXB. Overall these findings suggested that nanoemulsion is a promising vehicle for solubility and dissolution enhancement of CXB.
Size selectivity of intestinal mucus to diffusing particulates is dependent on surface chemistry and exposure to lipids

Abstract Intestinal mucus provides a significant barrier to transport of orally delivered drug carriers, as well as other particulates (e.g. food, microbes). The relative significance of particle size, surface chemistry, and dosing medium to mucus barrier properties is not well characterized, but important in designing delivery systems targeted to the intestinal mucosa. In this study, multiple particle tracking (MPT) was used to study diffusion of 20–500 nm diameter carboxylate- and polyethylene glycol-(PEG-)functionalized polystyrene model carriers through intestinal mucus. The impact of exposure to mucus in buffer versus a partially digested triglyceride mixture was explored. Effective diffusivity of particles in intestinal mucus decreased with an increasing particle size less than and more than theoretically (Stokes–Einstein) expected in a homogenous medium when dosed in buffer and model-fed state intestinal contents, respectively. For example, effective diffusivity decreased 2.9- versus 20-fold with increase in the particle size from 100 to 500 nm when dosed to mucus in buffer versus lipid-containing medium. Functionalization with PEG dramatically decreased sensitivity to lipids in a dosing medium. The results indicate that reduction of particle size may increase particle transport through intestinal mucus barriers, but these effects are strongly dependent on intestinal contents and particle surface chemistry.
Risk Factors for Ocular Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in Children 6 Months following Mass Treatment in Tanzania

Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world, and for endemic communities, mass treatment with azithromycin reduces the pool of infection. High coverage is essential, especially in children as they are the infectious reservoir. However, infection remains post-mass treatment. We sought to determine risk factors for infection in children post-mass treatment. Methodology All children under 9 years in 4 villages in Tanzania were followed from baseline pre-mass treatment to six months post treatment. 1,991 children under nine years were enrolled in the longitudinal study and data on individual and household characteristics was collected at baseline. Clinical trachoma was determined by an ocular exam and infection detected by PCR of an eyelid swab. Azithromycin was offered and infection was reassessed at 6 months. A multilevel logistic regression model was used, accounting for household clustering of children for analysis. Principal Findings Baseline infection was 23.7% and at 6 months was 10.4%, despite 95% coverage. Infection at baseline was positively associated with infection at 6 months (OR = 3.31, 95%CI 2.40–4.56) and treatment had a protective effect (OR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.25–0.80). The age group 2–4 years had an increased risk of infection at 6 months. The household characteristics predictive of infection at 6 months were increasing number of children infected in the household at baseline and increasing number of untreated children in the household. Conclusions While one round of mass treatment with high coverage did decrease infection by over 50%, it appears that it is not sufficient to eliminate infection. Findings that young children (ages 2–4 years) and households with increasing numbers of infected and untreated children have a positive association with infection at 6 months suggest that such households could be targeted for more intensive follow up.
Combating Friend Spam Using Social Rejections

Unwanted friend requests in online social networks (OSNs), also known as friend spam, are among the most evasive malicious activities. Friend spam can result in OSN links that do not correspond to social relationship among users, thus pollute the underlying social graph upon which core OSN functionalities are built, including social search engine, ad targeting, and OSN defense systems. To effectively detect the fake accounts that act as friend spammers, we propose a system called Rejecto. It stems from the observation on social rejections in OSNs, i.e., Even well-maintained fake accounts inevitably have their friend requests rejected or they are reported by legitimate users. Our key insight is to partition the social graph into two regions such that the aggregate acceptance rate of friend requests from one region to the other is minimized. This design leads to reliable detection of a region that comprises friend spammers, regardless of the request collusion among the spammers. Meanwhile, it is resilient to other strategic manipulations. To efficiently obtain the graph cut, we extend the Kernighan-Lin heuristic and use it to iteratively detect the fake accounts that send out friend spam. Our evaluation shows that Rejecto can discern friend spammers under a broad range of scenarios and that it is computationally practical.
Acute elevation of plasma lipids does not affect ATP synthesis in human skeletal muscle.

Prolonged elevation of plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFA) reduces insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and myocellular flux through ATP synthase (fATPase). However, the early effects of lipids per se on fATPase are as yet unclear. Thus, this study examined glucose disposal and fATPase during 3 h of FFA elevation in the presence of low plasma insulinemia. Euglycemic pancreatic clamps with low-dose insulin supplementation (6 mU.m body surface area(-2). min(-1)) were performed in eight healthy men with (LIP) or without (CON) lipid infusion to measure whole body glucose disposal. (31)P/(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of calf muscle was applied to quantify fATPase and concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), inorganic phosphate (P(i)), phosphocreatine (PCr), ADP, pH, and IMCL before and during the clamps. Lipid infusion increased plasma FFA approximately twofold and decreased glucose disposal by approximately 50% (110-180 min: LIP 0.87 +/- 0.45 vs. CON 1.75 +/- 0.42 mg.kg(-1). min(-1), P = 0.002; means +/- SD). Intramyocellular G6P tended to rise only under control conditions, whereas PCr, ADP, pH, and IMCL remained unchanged from fasting in LIP and CON. Although P(i) concentrations increased by approximately 18%, fATPase remained unchanged from fasting during the clamps (LIP 10.2 +/- 2.2 vs. CON 10.5 +/- 2.6 micromol.g muscle(-1). min(-1), P = not significant). We conclude that 3 h of lipid elevation fail to affect ATP synthesis despite marked reduction of whole body glucose uptake. This suggests that lipid-induced insulin resistance results primarily from mechanisms decreasing glucose uptake rather than from direct interference of fatty acid metabolites with mitochondrial function.