Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lesion detection in radiologic images using an autoassociative paradigm: preliminary results.

An area of artificial intelligence that has gained recent attention is the neural network approach to pattern recognition and classification. The use of neural networks in radiologic lesion detection is explored by employing what is known in the literature as the "novelty filter. " This filter uses a linear algebraic model, whereupon in neural network terms, images of normal patterns become "training vectors" and are stored as columns of a matrix. An image of an abnormal pattern is introduced and the abnormality or the "novelty" is extracted. A noniterative technique has been applied. In a preliminary experiment, autoassociative recall was tested using alphabetic characters as training vectors. The second experiment used sections of transverse magnetic resonance (MR) images (TR = 3000 ms, TE = 40 ms) of normal patients as the training vectors. A section of a transverse MR brain image with multiple sclerosis lesions was introduced to the filter and the abnormalities were extracted. In conclusion, a neural network based lesion detector may have great promise in medical pattern recognition.
Dynamic Testicular Adhesion Junctions Are Immunologically Unique. II. Localization of Classic Cadherins in Rat Testis1

Abstract In the seminiferous epithelium, morphologically diverse junctions mediate inter-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesive contact and likely transmit signals between contacting cells. Defining the molecular composition of testicular cell-cell junctions is an important step in determining their function. Proteins belonging to the cadherin superfamily are important mediators of cell-cell adhesion, as well as cell signaling. Here, we determined the spatial and temporal protein expression of four classic cadherins in rat testis: N-cadherin, cadherin-6, cadherin-11, and a cadherin defined by an antiserum generated against a conserved classic cadherin peptide (L4). Through Western blot analysis, all antibodies recognized unique proteins. Similarly, each cadherin displayed unique, cell-type specific immunostaining patterns. Whereas N-cadherin, cadherin-11, and L4-positive cadherin were expressed from Postnatal Day 7 through adulthood, cadherin-6 protein was not present at Postnatal Day 7 and first appeared at Day 21. Immunostaining of testis cryosections on Postnatal Days 7, 21, 31, 43, and those of adults indicated that cadherin-11 localized to peritubular cell junctions. N-cadherin immunostaining localized to basal inter-Sertoli junctions, Sertoli-spermatocyte junctions, and at about stages I–VII in Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions. Cadherin-6 immunostaining was restricted to Sertoli-round spermatid and in Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions at approximately stages XII–I. Finally, L4-positive immunostaining also detected Sertoli-round spermatid junctions in addition to Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions at approximately stages XII–I. These data show that the various testicular cell-cell junctions are molecularly unique and dynamic complexes.
Discovery of targeting peptides for selective therapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma

Adenovirus efficiently infects a broad range of target cells, thereby preventing selective gene transfer. Moreover, several cell types and tissues including primary tumors are refractory to adenoviral infection, mainly because of low expression levels of coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR). Thus, identification of cancer‐selective ligands which yield gene transfer to neoplastic cells by minimizing transduction of normal cells is a key issue for successful cancer therapy.
Relational Graph Models at Work

We study the relational graph models that constitute a natural subclass of relational models of lambda-calculus. We prove that among the lambda-theories induced by such models there exists a minimal one, and that the corresponding relational graph model is very natural and easy to construct. We then study relational graph models that are fully abstract, in the sense that they capture some observational equivalence between lambda-terms. We focus on the two main observational equivalences in the lambda-calculus, the theory H+ generated by taking as observables the beta-normal forms, and H* generated by considering as observables the head normal forms. On the one hand we introduce a notion of lambda-K\"onig model and prove that a relational graph model is fully abstract for H+ if and only if it is extensional and lambda-K\"onig. On the other hand we show that the dual notion of hyperimmune model, together with extensionality, captures the full abstraction for H*.
A 200mV 32b subthreshold processor with adaptive supply voltage control

In recent years, subthreshold operation has become a research focus for digital systems with limited energy budget (e.g. mobile, battery-powered devices, radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor networks, or biomedical applications). Subthreshold operation allows for such low power consumption by reducing the supply voltage of the circuit below the threshold voltage of the transistors. As dynamic power depends quadratically on supply voltage, and static power depends exponentially on supply voltage, considerable power savings are achieved. At the same time propagation delays increase due to reduced transistor currents. Effectively, energy consumption per cycle can typically be reduced by a factor of 10 using subthreshold operation.
Snails and Fish as Pollution Biomarkers in Lake Manzala and Laboratory C: Laboratory Exposed Snails to Chemical Mixtures

Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal–contaminated sites. Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are used in this work as pollution bioindicators after exposure to chemical mixtures consisted of heavy metals (HM); zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb); and persistent organic pollutants; Decabromodiphenyl ether 98% (D) and Aroclor 1254 (A). The impacts of these tested chemicals, individual and mixtures, on liver and kidney functions, antioxidant enzymes, complete blood picture, and tissue histology were studied. Results showed that Cu was proved to be the highly toxic against snails than Zn and Pb where LC50 values were 1.362, 213.198 and 277.396 ppm, respectively. Also, B. alexandrina snails exposed to the mixture of HM (1⁄4 LC5 Cu, Pb and Zn) showed the highest bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in their whole tissue, the most significant increase in AST, ALT & ALP activities and the highest significant levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. Results showed significant alterations in CAT activity in snail tissue extracts while snail samples exposed to most experimental tests showed significant increase in GST activity. Snail samples that exposed to HM mixtures showed a significant decrease in total hemocytes count while snail samples that exposed to mixtures containing A & D showed a significant increase in total hemocytes and Hyalinocytes. Histopathological alterations in snail samples exposed to individual HM and their mixtures for 4 weeks showed degeneration, edema, hyper trophy and vaculation in head-foot muscle, degeneration and necrotic changes in the digestive gland and accumulation in most tested organs. Also, the hermaphrodite gland showed mature ova with irregular shape and reduction in sperm number. In conclusion, the resulted damage and alterations in B. alexandrina studied parameters can be used as bioindicators to the presence of pollutants in its habitats. Keywords—Biomphalaria, Zn, Cu, Pb, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein albumin, globulin, CAT and Histopathology.
Postharvest Handling and Preparation of Foods for Processing

Food processing is seasonal in nature, both in terms of demand for products and availability of raw materials. Most crops have well-established harvest times – for example, the sugar beet season lasts for only a few months of the year in the United Kingdom, so beet sugar production is confined to the autumn and winter, yet demand for sugar is continuous throughout the year. Even in the case of raw materials that are available throughout the year, such as milk, there are established peaks and troughs in volume of production, as well as variations in chemical composition. Availability may also be determined by less predictable factors, such as weather conditions, which may affect yields or limit harvesting. In other cases demand is seasonal, for example, ice cream or salads are in greater demand in the summer, whereas other foods are traditionally eaten in the winter months, or even at more specific times, such as Christmas or Easter. In an ideal world, food processors would like a continuous supply of raw materials, whose composition and quality are constant and whose prices are predictable. Of course this is usually impossible to achieve. In practice, processors contract ahead with growers to synchronize their needs with raw material production. The aim of this chapter is to consider the properties of raw materials in relation to food processing, and to summarize important aspects of handling, transport, storage, and preparation of rawmaterials prior to the range of processing operations described in the remainder of this book. The bulk of the chapter will deal with solid agricultural products including fruits, vegetables, cereals, and legumes, although many considerations can also be applied to animal-based materials such as meat, eggs, and milk.
Modeling of discharge between wire and GMR head

The discharge from an electrified wire to a GMR head is studied from the aspect of charge transfer. In order to clarify the damage to the GMR head, the discharge current waveform and the current through the sensor were studied. The discharge from a wire to a capacitance device was measured as a function of both capacitance value and wire length. The charge separation into the GMR sensor and two terminals was measured using a circuit model of the GMR head. The current through the sensor of the GMR head was approximately 1/3 of the total discharge current. A PSPICE simulation was used to simulate the waveform.
SBAS-DInSAR GRID processing on-demand: A case study

We present the results of the first experiment to ¿plug¿ the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) DInSAR algorithm into a GRID-based system; the key idea is to combine the robustness of the exploited advanced interferometric SAR approach with the high computing capability provided by a GRID environment. In particular, we have exploited the low-resolution SBAS algorithm and we benefited of the availability of the ESA Grid Processing-on-demand environment. The presented results, carried out on ENVISAT data, provide a overview of the main characteristics of the implemented SBAS-GRID processing solution.
Ad hoc coronary intervention

Ad hoc coronary intervention is a percutaneous revascularization procedure performed at the same sitting as diagnostic cardiac catheterization. While this appears to be an efficient strategy, the safety and cost of ad hoc coronary intervention compared with delayed coronary intervention have not been clearly documented. Special preparation and precautions are necessary for patients in whom ad hoc coronary intervention is anticipated. Ad hoc coronary intervention is not appropriate if informed consent has not been previously obtained or if it would pose greater risks than delayed intervention. While ad hoc coronary intervention is often efficient and effective, its use should be individualized. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:130–134, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of complex shapes using a self organizing neural system

We present a multilayer hierarchical neural system for automatic classification of complex contour patterns. The system consists of a neocognitron-like network structure combined with self-organizing maps to automatically determine feature classes. We present results showing that multilayer hierarchical networks are able to tolerate pattern distortion considerably better than standard neural network implementations.
Electrode size and tissue pO2 measurement in rats exposed to air or high pressure oxygen.

A comparison has been made of values of pO2 recorded in several rat tissues with 60-μ or 330-μ flexible gold electrodes. Although qualitatively both sizes of electrodes give similar results, the quantitative values of pO2differ. Such large differences as are found in some cases between electrodes varying only in physical dimensions are thought to reflect the amount of trauma caused in the tissue under investigation due to electrode insertion. Errors in pO2 estimations due to tissue damage are considered to outweigh any other errors such as those due to electrode calibration. Soft, highly vascular tissues, such as liver, kidney, and spleen, which show macroscopic bruising over quite a large area when electrodes are inserted, show the greatest difference in estimations of the pO2 value. Recordings of tissue pO2 were made while animals breathed air and when compressed to 4 or 5 atm in pure oxygen, and the pattern of response of tissue pO2 to such exposure of the animal to high pressures of oxygen is describe.
Analysis of thermal effects in human exposed to EM radiation (2D case)

The thermal effects of a cellular phone electromagnetic (EM) field on the human head were studied by computer simulation. A structural heterogeneous realistic model of the human head was used. EM analysis was performed via the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (Taflove, A. and Hagness, S.C., "Computational Electrodynamics: the finite difference time-domain method", Artech House, 2000). Specific absorption rate (SAR) was evaluated and further thermal effects were investigated using the bioheat (BH) equation (Bernardi, P. and Pisa, S., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.48, p.1118-26, 1998); the temperature field distribution and temperature rise were investigated for different frequencies, powers and exposure times. The results show that exposure time and environmental temperature must be two of the characteristic quantities in a safety standard.
Cholecystectomy in the elderly: A prospective study

The mortality and morbidity of 151 elderly patients (>64 years of age) undergoing biliary surgery for benign disease were prospectively studied. The overall mortality was 3.3 per cent. This comprised a 0.77 per cent mortality in the elective group and a 19 per cent mortality in the emergency group. In spite of 77 per cent of the emergency group having a gangrenous gallbladder, a complication difficult to predict pre‐operatively, the majority of deaths were from cardiovascular disease. The overall incidence of common bile duct exploration was 36 per cent, which was similar in the elective and emergency groups. A comparison between the old (65–74 years) and the aged (over 74 years of age) revealed twice the number of emergency cases in the aged. Considering elective biliary surgery, there was no difference between the mortality, morbidity, or common bile duct exploration rate comparing the old with the aged. This suggests that elective biliary surgery is safe even in the aged.
DNA mapping using Processor-in-Memory architecture

This paper presents the implementation of a mapping algorithm on a new Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architecture developed by UPMEM Company. UPMEM's solution consists in adding processing units into the DRAM, to minimize data access time and maximize bandwidth, in order to drastically accelerate data-consuming algorithms. The technology developed by UPMEM makes it possible to combine 256 cores with 16 GBytes of DRAM, on a standard DIMM module. An experimentation of DNA Mapping on Human genome dataset shows that a speed-up of 25 can be obtained with UPMEM technology compared to fast mapping software such as BWA, Bowtie2 or NextGenMap running on 16 Intel threads. Experimentation also highlight that data transfer from storage device limits the performances of the implementation. The use of SSD drives can boost the speed-up to 80.
Quantitation of replication of the HCV genome in human livers with end‐stage cirrhosis by strand‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR assays: Methods and clinical relevance

HCV replicates in liver via an intermediate negative strand RNA. To study the relevance of HCV genome replication, quantitative strand‐specific HCV real‐time RT‐PCR assays were developed and applied to livers explanted because of end‐stage cirrhosis. The assays have broad ranges of determination and a high reproducibility and accuracy. Analysis of five different samples showed an even distribution of HCV genomes in four livers. Hepatic concentrations of positive (PS)‐ and negative (NS)‐strand RNA did correlate with each other, with PS/NS ratios ranging between 3 and 340. Hepatic concentrations of HCV‐PS or ‐NS RNA did not correlate with serum HCV‐RNA levels or with genotypes. A high HCV envelope‐2 protein expression correlated with a low NS concentration. HCV‐PS and ‐NS levels, E2 protein expression and genotype did not correlate with biochemical tests or with histological changes in the explanted liver, but the ratio NS/PS, a marker of viral replication, correlated with the severity of the recurrent post‐transplant hepatitis caused by HCV. This suggests the existence of an extra‐hepatic location of HCV with comparable viral replication rate being responsible for the infection of the newly transplanted liver. J. Med. Virol. 81:1569–1575, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glass transitions in one-, two-, three-, and four-dimensional binary Lennard-Jones systems

We investigate the calorimetric liquid–glass transition by performing simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in one through four dimensions. Starting at a high temperature, the systems are cooled to T = 0 and heated back to the ergodic liquid state at constant rates. Glass transitions are observed in two, three and four dimensions as a hysteresis between the cooling and heating curves. This hysteresis appears in the energy and pressure diagrams, and the scanning rate dependence of the area and height of the hysteresis can be described using power laws. The one-dimensional system does not experience a glass transition but its specific heat curve resembles the shape of the D≥2 results in the supercooled liquid regime above the glass transition. As D increases, the radial distribution functions reflect reduced geometric constraints. Nearest neighbor distances become smaller with increasing D due to interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors. Simulation data for the glasses are compared with crystal and melting data obtained with a Lennard-Jones system with only one type of particle and we find that with increasing D crystallization becomes increasingly more difficult.
Hypothyroidism and carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta‐analysis

This study aimed to assess the magnitude of the association between hypothyroidism and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Eighteen studies were included in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. A meta‐analysis of the studies that did not control their estimates for any confounder showed an association between a thyroid disease (hypo‐ or hyperthyroidism) and CTS (N = 9,573, effect size [ES] = 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.68) and between hypothyroidism and CTS (N = 64,531, ES = 2.15 [95% CI, 1.64–2.83]). When a meta‐analysis limited to the studies that controlled their estimates for some potential confounders, the association between a thyroid disease and CTS disappeared (N = 4,799, ES = 1.17 [95% CI, 0.71–1.92], I2 = 0%), and the effect size for hypothyroidism largely attenuated (N = 71,133, ES = 1.44 [95% CI, 1.27–1.63], I2 = 0%). Moreover, there was evidence of publication bias. This meta‐analysis found only a modest association between hypothyroidism and CTS. Confounding and publication bias may still account for part of the remaining excess risk. Muscle Nerve 50: 879–883, 2014
Epidemiologie Studies of an Outbreak of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Abstract In a six-month period in 1978 61 patients at a university hospital became colonized or infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ninety-three percent of patients with MRSA were on surgical services. Patients with burns acquired MRSA more frequently than did other acutely ill surgical patients (p < .001), and often remained colonized for 30 days or more. The interval between admission and acquisition of S. aureus, number of antibiotics received, duration of antibiotic therapy before becoming colonized, and cost of hospitalization, were significantly greater in patients with MRSA infection than in matched controls with nosocomial methicillin-sensitive S. aureus infections. Acquisition of MRSA was epidemiologically associated with exposure to certain hospital personnel. Fourteen (6%) of 220 personnel exposed to MRSA patients harbored MRSA intranasally. Three of 14 colonized personnel carried MRSA intermittently for three or more months. Appropriate control measures failed to terminate the outbreak.
A Novel PWM Technique With Two-Phase Modulation

In this paper, a new two-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is proposed, in which the reference voltage is constructed by three space vectors. At any speed, the peak-to-peak value of the common-mode voltage (CMV) in one PWM cycle can be reduced to one third of the DC bus voltage, even despite of the dead-time effect. And in the low voltage region, not only the CMV but also the current ripple is restrained effectively. In the entire voltage range, the linear modulation region is not limited and the switching loss is reduced because of fewer switching actions. The validity of the proposed technique is verified through simulation and experimental results.
Severe congenital encephalopathy caused by MECP 2 null mutations in males : central hypoxia and reduced neuronal dendritic structure

Non-mosaic males with a 46,XY karyotype and a MECP2 null mutation display a phenotype of severe neonatal-onset encephalopathy that is distinctly different from Rett syndrome (RTT). To increase awareness of this rare disorder, we are reporting novel findings in a sporadic case, compare them to 16 previously reported cases and establish salient criteria for clinical diagnosis. The proband suffered from general hypotonia and hypoxia caused by hypoventilation and irregular breathing. He developed abnormal movements, seizures and electroencephalogram abnormalities. He failed to thrive and to reach any motor milestones and died at 15 months from central respiratory failure without a diagnosis. In a muscle biopsy, type II fibers were reduced in diameter, indicating central hypoxia. At autopsy, the brain was small with disproportionate reduction of the frontal and temporal lobes. Synaptophysin staining of synaptic vesicles was greatly reduced in cerebellar and spinal cord sections. Analysis of Golgi-stained pyramidal neurons from cortical layers III and V of the frontal and temporal lobes revealed drastically diminished dendritic trees. Post-mortem MECP2 mutation analysis on DNA and RNA from fibroblasts revealed a novel de novo 9-nucleotide deletion including the intron 3/exon 4 splice junction. The two nucleotides flanking the deletion form a new splice site, and the aberrantly spliced transcript lacks seven nucleotides (r.378_384delTCCCCAG), causing a frameshift and premature termination codon (p.I126fsX11). Males with congenital encephalopathy, not females with RTT, represent the true human counterpart for the commonly studied Mecp2-/y mouse model and provide unique insight into the mechanisms of MeCP2 deficiency. B Schüle, DD Armstrong, H Vogel, A Oviedo and U Francke Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, Department of Pathology, and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford and Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA