Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Generation of Predictive Technology Model for Sub-45 nm Early Design Exploration

A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and correlations among model parameters, must be included. In this paper, a new generation of predictive technology model (PTM) is developed to accomplish this goal. Based on physical models and early-stage silicon data, the PTM of bulk CMOS is successfully generated for 130- to 32-nm technology nodes, with an Leff of as low as 13 nm. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified: The error of I on is below 10% for both n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS. By tuning only ten primary parameters, the PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime, particularly the interactions among Leff, Vth, mobility, and saturation velocity. A website has been established for the release of PTM: http://www.eas. asu.edu/~ptm
The Need for an R&D and Upgrade Program for CMS Software and Computing

Over the next ten years, the physics reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be greatly extended through increases in the instantaneous luminosity of the accelerator and large increases in the amount of collected data. Due to changes in the way Moore's Law computing performance gains have been realized in the past decade, an aggressive program of R&D is needed to ensure that the computing capability of CMS will be up to the task of collecting and analyzing this data.
Use of confidence limits in the setting of On-Board Diagnostic thresholds

This Vehicles sold in the US and Europe have to be equipped with a Diagnostics, called On-Board Diagnostics (OBD), which monitor the performance of various elements of the emission control system. The driver is informed as to any failures by the use of a Check Engine Light on the dashboard of the vehicle and then should return the vehicle to the dealership for rectification. The vehicle manufacturer's aim is to ensure that the Check Engine Light is only illuminated for legitimate failures. For the calibration of an On Board Diagnostics there needs to be sufficient separation between the response of a good sensor and a failed sensor, the setting of this threshold should be based upon a statistical model of the data so that the predicted failures rate can then be determined. By applying confidence limits to the models allows the engineer to understand how additional data points will effect the calculation of the failure threshold. This gives the engineer the ability to determine the tradeoff between the number of data points and a confidence in the estimated statistical model.
CSP-based inference of function block finite-state models from execution traces

A method for inferring finite-state models of function blocks from given execution traces based on translation to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is proposed. In contrast to the previous method based on a metaheuristic algorithm, the approach suggested in this paper is exact: it allows to find a solution if it exists or to prove the opposite. The proposed method is evaluated on the example of constructing a finite-state model of a controller for a Pick-and-Place manipulator and is shown to be significantly faster then the metaheuristic algorithm.
Selective Toxicity of Anticancer Drugs: Presidential Address1

opportunity to isolate subpopulations of tumor cells; to characterize their cellular and drug kinetics; and to corre late these with values obtained In vivo in humans. It should then be possible at long last to examine the poten tial role of cellular and drug kinetics in devising drug schedules with greater selective toxicity for human cancer. we the problems translation animal data man, the design of Abstract In the chemotherapy of infectious diseases, selective toxicity has been achieved by designing curative regi mens based on pharmacokinetic data. Selective toxicity of antitumor drugs has been demonstrated for rapidly growing large growth fraction tumors occurring in patients under age 30. In these tumors curative schedules have been achieved by application of animal data relating to cellular and drug kinetics. The attempts to improve chemotherapy of large and small growth fraction tumors by kinetic observations in vivo in humans have been disappointing. Recent evidence suggests that the hetero genelty of cells within tumors has prevented precise observations on the relation of cellular and drug kinetics to improved selective toxicity. The availability of xeno grafts, flow cytometry, and tumor markers presents an
Wind-driven interdecadal variability in the eastern tropical and South Pacific

[1] Simulated interface elevation anomalies with a reduced gravity model forced by observed wind stress are used to investigate the origin of thermocline depth fluctuations in the eastern tropical and South Pacific at interdecadal timescales. It is found that interdecadal thermocline depth fluctuations in the eastern equatorial Pacific and along the western coast of the Americas are fundamentally driven by zonal wind fluctuations in the western equatorial Pacific. Thus positive (negative) interface elevation anomalies, which correspond to shallower (deeper) thermocline depths, in the eastern tropical Pacific and along the west coast of Central and South America are related to easterly (westerly) anomalies in the western sector of the equatorial Pacific. However, off-equatorial wind fluctuations maintain and reinforce the interdecadal variability observed along the eastern equatorial Pacific and along the west coast of South America. In the latter region, equatorial (off-equatorial) wind forcing is relatively more important equatorward (poleward) of 30°S. In the eastern equatorial Pacific, interface elevation anomalies are negatively correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) at interdecadal timescales. According to our results the SST interdecadal anomalies are in part (50–60%) driven by wind fluctuations likely through the modulation of vertical advection of cold waters which depends primarily on the thermocline depth forced remotely or locally by winds. This relationship was especially strong during the 1970s and 1980s, a period characterized by the larger zonal wind stress interdecadal fluctuations observed in the western equatorial Pacific.
Estimating Prices for R&D Investment in the 2007 R&D Satellite Account

This paper is part of a series that provides the details behind the Bureau of Economic Analysis's (BEA) satellite account on research and development (R&D) activity. In the current work, the focus is on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical implementation of the R&D price index used to construct real R&D output. We examine four alternative price indexes. For each, we lay out the theoretical assumptions needed for the approach to be valid and examine how well the approach works in practice. We then compare these four alternative price indexes and explain the choice of our preferred price index.
Generalized calibration of the Hargreaves equation for evapotranspiration under different climate conditions

Patel J., Patel H. , Bhatt C . (2014): Generalized calibration of the Hargreaves equation for evapotranspiration under different climate conditions . Soil & Water Res., 9: 83–89. Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in weather-based irrigation scheduling methods. To estimate ETo using the Hargreaves equation, just the data on the minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation are required. However, this procedure cannot offer consistent accuracy for different climate conditions. To attain the accuracy, calibration of the equation constants ( C H and E H ) for different climate condi tions have successfully been attempted by many researchers. Because these calibration procedures are lengthy and location-specific, there is a need of a generalized calibration method to make the Hargreaves equation more pertinent and effective. In this paper, fuzzy logic based calibration method for the Hargreaves equation is proposed and validated. The fuzzy inference system is developed to compute appropriate values of the con stants C H and E H on the basis of past data on humidity and wind velocity of a selected location. The underlying relationship between weather conditions and the best values of the constants C H and E H are used to establish a fuzzy rule base. The performance of the method is checked at eight geographically different locations of India with diverse climate conditions. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in ETo values estimated by the calibrated modified Hargreaves equation and the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation is in the range of 0.3220–1.0325. It is far more lower than if the error is calculated using the original Hargreaves equation. It confirms the correctness of the calibration method for different climate conditions.
ElasticSimMATE: A fast and accurate gem5 trace-driven simulator for multicore systems

Multicore system analysis requires efficient solutions for architectural parameter and scalability exploration. Long simulation time is the main drawback of current simulation approaches. In order to reduce the simulation time while keeping the accuracy levels, trace-driven simulation approaches have been developed. However, existing approaches do not allow multicore exploration or do not capture the behavior of multithreaded programs. Based on the gem5 simulator, we developed a novel synchronization mechanism for multicore analysis based on the trace collection of synchronization events, instruction and dependencies. It allows efficient architectural parameter and scalability exploration with acceptable simulation speed and accuracy.
Spectral Evidence of Si Complexes in HVPE-Grown GaAs

Evidence of Si complexes was discovered in low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra recorded from GaAs grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and were measured as a function of secondary HCl flow. In addition, time resolved PL of the samples measured long radiative lifetimes, substantiating the excellent quality of the crystalline growth.
Partial estimation of needle tip orientation in generalized coordinates in ultrasound image-guided needle insertion

In many subcutaneous needle insertion procedures, measuring needle deflection is necessary in order to accurately guide the needle towards inner body targets. Typically, needle deflection measurement are obtained from 2D ultrasound images, which can only provide the needle tip position, however, having knowledge about the needle tip heading (orientation) is very valuable in predicting the needle's future path for planning and needle steering reasons. Due to the small diameter of the needles and the low resolution of ultrasound imaging, the direct measurement of the needle tip orientation is not a trivial task. This paper represents a model-based non linear observer for partial estimating the needle tip orientation during needle insertion procedures using image-based position measurements. The proposed method employs a 3D kinematic unicycle model expressed in generalized coordinates. Applying nonlinear transformations on system states, the linearized transformed system equations are utilized in the observer design procedure. However, due to the singularities imposed by these transformations, certain assumptions are made for the convergence proof of the observer. The proposed observer is tested in simulations and experiments. In experiments, the observer is fed by the needle tip position measurements, which are obtained from real-time ultrasound images.
Phosphate dependent and independent neurofilament epitopes in the axonal swellings of patients with motor neuron disease and controls.

Axonal accumulations of neurofilaments (NFs) may result from abnormalities intrinsic to NF subunits (e.g., proteolytic cleavage, altered phosphorylation), or from abnormalities extrinsic to NFs that retard the transport of these neuron-specific intermediate filaments. To evaluate this hypothesis, we probed the NF-rich axonal swellings seen in normal spinal cords, "globules", and the larger ones, "spheroids", seen in the spinal cords of patients with motor neuron disease by using a library of monoclonal antibodies that recognize human NF proteins. These monoclonal antibodies discriminate different phosphorylation states of individual NF subunits. The NF protein determinants of globules and spheroids were similar to each other and to the determinants that predominate in normal spinal cord axons. NF protein-positive inclusion bodies were only seen in the anterior horn cells of one patient with motor neuron disease, and they contained NF protein determinants similar to those normally expressed in perikarya. Thus, the NFs in globules and spheroids appear to be derived from axonal NF proteins, and both kinds of axonal swellings may arise by similar mechanisms. Although our data do not exclude a structural defect in NF proteins to account for the accumulation of NFs in these axonal swellings, the hypotheses being advanced to explain the formation of NF-rich globules and spheroids based on intrinsic alterations of NF proteins must consider that the immunological integrity of disparate NF protein epitopes in different states of phosphorylation is retained in both globules and spheroids.
Obesity Reduction Black Intervention Trial (ORBIT): design and baseline characteristics.

BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases, and weight loss can reduce the risk of developing these diseases. Obesity is highly prevalent among Black women, but weight loss treatment for black women has been understudied until recently. The Obesity Reduction black Intervention Trial (ORBIT) is a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a culturally proficient weight loss and weight loss maintenance program for black women. This paper describes the design of the trial, the intervention, and baseline characteristics of the participants. METHODS Two hundred thirteen obese black women aged 30-65 years were randomized to the intervention group or a general health control group. The intervention consists of a 6-month weight loss program followed by a 1-year maintenance program. Weight, dietary intake, and energy expenditure are measured at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months. RESULTS More than 40% of participants had a baseline body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m(2) (class III obesity). Intake of fat and saturated fat was higher and consumption of fruit, vegetables, and fiber was lower than currently recommended guidelines. Self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity was high (median 85 min/day). However, objectively measured physical activity among a subgroup of participants was lower (median 15 min/day). CONCLUSIONS Weight loss among obese black women has received inadequate attention in relation to the magnitude of the problem. Factors that contribute to successful weight loss and more importantly, weight loss maintenance need to be identified.
Floating-Point Single-Precision Fused Multiplier-adder Unit on FPGA

The fused multiply-add operation improves many calculations and therefore is already available in some generalpurpose processors, like the Itanium. The optimization of units dedicated to execute the multiply-add operation is therefore crucial to achieve optimal performance when running the overlying applications. In this paper, we present a single-precision floating-point fused multiply-add optimized unit implemented in FPGA and prepared to integrate a data flow processor for high-performance computing. The unit presents a numerical accuracy according to the IEEE 754-2008 standard and a performance and resource usage comparable with a state-of-the-art non-fused single-precision unit. The fused multiplier-adder was implemented targeting a Virtex-7 speed-grade -1 device and occupies 754 LUTs, 4 DSPs and achieves a maximum frequency of 361 MHz with 18 pipeline stages. A lighter low latency design of the same unit was also implemented in the same device presenting a resource usage of 845 LUTs, 2 DSPs and achieving a maximum frequency of 285 MHz.
Integration of Graphical Modeling with Fuzzy Clustering for Casual Relationship of Electric Load Forecasting

This paper proposes a new method for selecting input variables in short-term electric load forecasting models. It is known that input and output variables do not follow the Gaussian distribution in load forecasting. In this paper, a hybrid method of Graphical Modeling (GM) and Deterministic Annealing EM (DAEM) clustering is presented to clarify causal relationship between the explained one-step-ahead electric load and the explanatory variables. GM is effective for estimating the relationship between variables with the Gaussian distribution. The DAEM algorithm is used to decompose non-Gaussian data into clusters of Gaussian data so that GM is applied to Gaussian data in clusters. The proposed method is successfully applied to the real data.
Self-reported function and disability in late life – cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Swedish version of the late-life function and disability instrument

Abstract Purpose: To translate and perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) to Swedish, to investigate absolute and relative reliability, concurrent validity, and floor and ceiling effects within a Swedish-speaking sample of community-dwelling older adults with self-reported balance deficits and fear of falling. Method: Translation, reliability and validation study of the LLFDI. Sixty-two community-dwelling, healthy older adults (54 women and 8 men) aged 68–88 years with balance deficits and fear of falling performed the LLFDI twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Results: Test–retest agreement, intra-class correlation coefficient was very good, 0.87–0.91 in the LLFDI function component and 0.82–0.91 in the LLFDI disability component. The standard error of measure was small, 5–9%, and the smallest real difference was 14–24%. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was high (0.90–0.96). Correlation with the SF-36 PCS and PF-10 was moderate in both LLFDI function, r = 0.39–0.68 and r = 0.35–0.52, and LLFDI disability, r = 0.40–0.63 and 0.34–0.57, respectively. There was no floor or ceiling effects. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the LLFDI is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing function and disability in community-dwelling older women with self-reported balance deficits and fear of falling. Implications for Rehabilitation The Swedish LLFDI is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing function and disability in older women with self-reported balance deficits and fear of falling. The instrument may be used both in clinical settings and in research. The instrument is sensitive to change and a reasonably small improvement is enough to detect changes in a group or a single individual.
Fast, Compact, and High Quality LSTM-RNN Based Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesizers for Mobile Devices

Acoustic models based on long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) were applied to statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) and showed significant improvements in naturalness and latency over those based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). This paper describes further optimizations of LSTM-RNN-based SPSS for deployment on mobile devices; weight quantization, multi-frame inference, and robust inference using an {\epsilon}-contaminated Gaussian loss function. Experimental results in subjective listening tests show that these optimizations can make LSTM-RNN-based SPSS comparable to HMM-based SPSS in runtime speed while maintaining naturalness. Evaluations between LSTM-RNN- based SPSS and HMM-driven unit selection speech synthesis are also presented.
Semidiurnal M2 internal tides in the Indo‐Australian Basin

Clear signals of internal tide propagation are found at the semidiurnal M2 frequency in the eastern South Indian Ocean over the abyssal plain of the Indonesian Australian Basin. We find a spatially and temporally coherent internal tide with phase propagation estimated from satellite altimetry suggesting generation along the Indonesian Archipelago and the Australian North West Shelf east of 115°E. A sinusoidal fit is used to estimate internal tide phase and amplitude along vertical cross sections from expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data along volunteer merchant shipping lines. It is likely tidal energy in the middle of the Indonesian Australian Basin is from both northern and southern source regions, and may sustain a second region of enhanced mixing for the Indonesian Throughflow.
Performance Measurement on Arterial Roads in Real Time

Real-time information on how a road network performs is useful to a road manager and a road user. A road manager makes use of the information to manage congestion, e.g. balancing congestion in different parts of a rod network. A road user can also benefit from the same travel information to avoid congestion by re-routing or varying trip start times. Travel times are now displayed on most freeways in many cities in real time. The estimation of arterial travel times is a more challenging task because arterials are interrupted facilities with signals and other control devices interrupting traffic flow. This paper describes the ARRB Travel Time Model for estimating arterial travel times for general traffic and buses. The model retrieves traffic data from the signal control system, SCATS, each minute and has been implemented since May 2006. This paper describes the calibration and validation processes and highlights challenges for estimating travel times without identifying individual vehicles.
FPGA Implementation of Vision-Based Fingertip-Writing Digits Recognition System

This paper presents a vision-based fingertip writing digits detection and recognition system using a CMOS camera and FPGA implementation. It is a real-time signature detector, since the image process algorithms are all executed in Verilog code. The experimental results show that the system can successfully recognize fingertip-numeral-writing with a accuracy rate of 95.8%.
Restructuring Transactional Data for Link Analysis in the FinCEN AI System

Due to the nature and costs of data collection, many realworld databases consist of large numbers of independent transactions. Finding evidence of structured groups of entities reflected in this data is a task aptly suited to Link Analysis. However, the databases usually must be restructured to allow effective search and analysis of the linkage structures hidden in the original transactions. The FinCEN AI System (FAIS) [Senator 1995] is an example such an application. We briefly discuss the process of database restructuring and show how it is used to support the discovery and analysis of evidence of money laundering in a database of cash transactions.
Image Segmentation with Artificial Neural Network for nutrient deficiency in Cotton crop

The leaf analysis in a crop can present the need of a nutrient determined in the plant. The macronutri ents deficiency in the cotton crop can be identified by specific type of colors variation by leaves images. Early identification of macronutrients deficiency can hel p in the growing suitable of the crop and reduce th e use of agricultural inputs. This study investigates the image segmentation of the cotton leaves with defic iency of the phosphor. The segmentation is performed by diff erence of leaf pigmentation, according with the pat tern related to macronutrient type in deficit and the cu ltivate. The image segmentation is made by an artif icial neural network and the Otsu method. The results sho w satisfactory values with an optimized artificial neural network and better than the Otsu method. The result s are presented by images and distinct parameters o f quality analysis in the segmentation.