Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Discourse Strategies in Reports of Youth Crime in UK Radio News

In Britain during 2007 the problems associated with the antisocial behaviour of young people in gangs, particularly those using guns and knives in violent and frequently fatal attacks, loomed exceedingly large in the media. As the year wore on this issue began to take on the appearance of a ‘moral panic’, in the sense of Stanley Cohen, as was reflected in a flurry of headlines such as ‘Anarchy in the UK? ’ and ‘A Nation Under Siege’. In my research I attempt to practice a form of what Paul Ricouer termed the ‘hermeneutics of suspicion’, using a version of the approach known as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to investigate the ideological work of the media texts. In this paper my investigation focuses on one particularly notorious youth crime case which occurred during 2007, namely that of the fatal shooting in August of an eleven-year-old boy by another teenager (presumed to be a local teenage gang member but at the time of writing still not apprehended by the police) and on how the most influential radio news programme in the UK initially reported the crime. I describe how the programme makes use of a number of discursive strategies (at macro-, meso- and micro-levels of textual organization) to not simply – as the conventional journalistic mythology would have it – ‘report the facts’ but to construct the killing from a particular perspective as a news ‘story’. I then attempt to interpret the use of these strategies by the media in terms of the ideological significance of the ‘perspectivization’ they effect and explain how this relates to the social and discursive order of contemporary societies such as Britain. I conclude by arguing that the main ideological work of news media such as this is not to inform and educate the public about such potentially socially destabilizing problems as youth crime but to influence audiences in line with particular perspectives conducive to maintaining rather than changing the social order.
Somatic symptoms in primary care and psychological comorbidities in Qatar: Neglected burden of disease

Abstract Although somatic complains are the predominant reasons for seeking general medical care, there has been limited research on the clinical presentation of somatic symptoms in primary care settings in developing countries. The frequency of somatic symptoms in primary care in Qatar and its relationship to comorbidities of mental disorders is presented here. A total of 2,320 Arab patients were approached, of whom 76% agreed to participate for the survey conducted among primary healthcare (PHC) centre patients. The study was conducted with the help of general practitioners (GPs), using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD)-7 for anxiety, PHQ-15 for somatic symptoms and the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM)-9 for stress. Of the subjects with somatic symptoms (229 cases), most were Qataris (57.2%). Poor hearing (52.1%), palpitation (47.1%) and stomach pain (43.8%) were the most common in men, whereas constipation (54.6%), feeling depressed (50.9%), and poor hearing (50.6%) were the most common in women; 48.5% had more than four somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms were severe in 31.9%. Somatic symptoms were associated with depression (15.3%), anxiety (8.7%) and stress disorders (19.2%). The study findings revealed that somatic symptoms were significantly associated with socio-economic status. Somatic symptoms were significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress disorders.
A Taxonomy of Integration Techniques for Spatial and Non-Spatial Visualizations

Research on visual data representations is traditionally classified into methods assuming an inherent mapping from data values to spatial coordinates (scientific visualization and real-time rendering) and methods for abstract data lacking explicit spatial references (information visualization). In practice, however, many applications need to analyze data comprising abstract and spatial information, thereby spanning both visualization domains. Traditional classification schemes do not support a formal description of these integrated systems. The contribution of this paper is a taxonomy that describes a holistic design space for integrating components of spatial and abstract visualizations. We structure a visualization into three components: Data, Visual, and Navigation. These components can be linked to build integrated visualizations. Our taxonomy provides an alternative view on the field of visualization in a time where the border between scientific and information visualization becomes blurred.
The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R):Validation with Clinical and Nonclinical Samples

Past suicidal behaviors including ideation and attempts have been identified as significant risk factors for subsequent suicidal behavior. However, inadequate attention has been given to the development or validation of measures of past suicidal behavior. The present study examined the reliability and validity of a brief self-report measure of past suicidal behavior, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Participants included psychiatric inpatient adolescents, high school students, psychiatric inpatient adults, and undergraduates. Logistic regression analyses provided empirical support for the usefulness of the SBQ-R as a risk measure of suicide to differentiate between suicide-risk and nonsuicidal study participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that the most useful cutoff scores on the SBQ-R were 7 for nonsuicidal samples, and 8 for clinical samples. Both the single SBQ-R Item 1 and SBQ-R total scores are recommended for use in clinical and nonclinical settings.
Performance analysis of time-enhanced UML diagrams based on stochastic processes

In this paper, we propose extensions to UML state diagrams and activity diagrams in order to allow the association of events with exponentially distributed and deterministic delays. We present an efficient algorithm for the state space generation out of these UML diagrams that allows a quantitative analysis by means of an underlying stochastic process. We identify a particular stochastic process, the generalized semi-Markov process (GSMP), as the appropriate vehicle on which quantitative analysis is performed. As innovative feature the algorithm removes vanishing states, i.e. states with no timed events active, and considers branching probabilities within activity diagrams. Furthermore, we introduce a performance evaluation framework that allows a system designer to predict performance measures at several steps in the design process. The applicability of our approach for practical performance and dependability projects is demonstrated by an UML specification of the General Packet Radio Service, a packet switched extension in GSM wireless networks.
Crime Pays

This study draws on theories of stigma, social and human capital, and opportunity structure to assess the role of prior incarceration on illegal earnings. Tobit regression models are estimated for young adult ex-offenders and nonoffenders using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1997 to 2005. The findings reveal that individuals with an incarceration history earn significantly higher annual illegal earnings than those who do not have such a history. This is true net a variety of predictors of illegal income, including race and ethnicity. The current research indicates that spending significant time in jail or prison may force the ex-incarcerated into illegal opportunity structures to obtain income.
Thermal Emission Control via Bandgap Engineering in Aperiodically Designed Nanophotonic Devices

Aperiodic photonic crystals can open up novel routes for more efficient photon management due to increased degrees of freedom in their design along with the unique properties brought about by the long-range aperiodic order as compared to their periodic counterparts. In this work we first describe the fundamental notions underlying the idea of thermal emission/absorption control on the basis of the systematic use of aperiodic multilayer designs in photonic quasicrystals. Then, we illustrate the potential applications of this approach in order to enhance the performance of daytime radiative coolers and solar thermoelectric energy generators.
Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to vesicles containing lysosomal membrane glycoproteins bypasses compartments with mannose 6-phosphate receptors

Salmonella typhimurium is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that remains enclosed in vacuoles (SCV) upon entry into the host cell. In this study we have examined the intracellular trafficking route of S. typhimurium within epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that bacteria initiated fusion with lysosomal membrane glycoprotein (lgp)-containing compartments approximately 15 min after bacterial internalization. This process was completed approximately 75 min later and did not require microtubules. Cation-independent (CI)- or cation-dependent (CD)-mannose 6-phosphate receptors (M6PRs) were not observed at detectable levels in SCV. Lysosomal enzymes showed a different distribution in SCV: lysosomal-acid phosphatase (LAP) was incorporated into these vacuoles with the same kinetics as lgps, while cathepsin D was present in a low proportion (approximately 30%) of SCV. Uptake experiments with fluid endocytic tracers such as fluorescein- dextran sulphate (F-DX) or horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) showed that after 2 h of uptake, F-DX was present in approximately 75% of lgp- containing vesicles in uninfected cells, while only approximately 15% of SCV contained small amounts of the tracer during the same uptake period. SCV also showed only partial fusion with HRP-preloaded secondary lysosomes, with approximately 30% of SCV having detectable amounts of HRP at 6 h after infection. These results indicate that SCV show limited accessibility to fluid endocytic tracers and mature lysosomes, and are therefore functionally separated from the endocytic route. Moreover, the unusual intracellular trafficking route of S. typhimurium inside epithelial cells has allowed us to establish the existence of two different lgp-containing vesicles in Salmonella- infected cells: one population is separated from the endocytic route, fusogenic with incoming SCV and may arise from a secretory pathway, while the second involves the classical secondary or mature lysosomes.
Positive Life Events and Adolescent Emotional Distress: In Search of Protective-Interactive Processes

Abstract Two hypotheses were examined regarding the protective effect of positive life events on emotional distress in adolescence. The first hypothesis was that positive events include a valence-related aspect and an event-related aspect. The event-related aspect is shared with negative events, and hence suppresses the protective effect of positive events on emotional distress. The second hypothesis was that positive events buffer the effect of negative events on distress, but that this stress buffering effect is difficult to detect because it is relatively small. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of 603 adolescents in their freshmen year of high school. During the first week of school, we assessed participants' levels of depression and anxiety. Sixteen weeks later, we again assessed their depression and anxiety, as well as the number of positive and negative events they experienced since the beginning of school. Structural Equation Modeling analyses yielded support for the suppressed/direct effec.
Becoming a woman: the construction of female subjectivities and its relationship with school

In this article we analyse the construction processes of female subjectivities by studying the self‐descriptions that various young women give about their own image, their satisfactions and dissatisfactions and their project for life. A conclusion is drawn that the construction of these female identities cannot be separated from the discursive practices in which they are immersed, by virtue of being from an underprivileged social class, belonging to a minority ethnic‐cultural group, or to a disabled group. We can fully appreciate that the hegemonic model of femininity is both accepted and questioned by the girls in a non‐linear way. On the other hand, schools, as reference institutions for the youngest generations, must check to see what extent their teaching practices nurture these processes or not. This work forms part of a more extensive ongoing research project started a number of years ago by two Spanish universities (Cantabria and Seville).
Complex sleep apnea: it really is a disease.

403 I f failing to recognize the disease complex sleep apnea (CompSA) as a unique entity results in adverse health events to a patient, then a disservice is done and suffering ensues. It must be conceded that ultimately, the only thing that matters is what best serves the patient. There is no argument that one can lump or split a description of any disease process as long as you get to the fact of the matter, but no one is proposing a one-size-fits-all solution to this problem. The following will review evidence that a disease definition exists for CompSA, and that it is recognizable, has a potential plausible mechanism, and responds to a treatment process consistent with the underlying problem. However, as this debate progresses, what will be most important is to see what favorable outcomes occur after properly selected treatment choices are applied in long-term randomized trials. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (WB Saunders, Philadelphia) defines disease: Disease [Fr. dès from + aise ease] any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a part, organ, or system of the body as manifested by characteristic symptoms and signs; the etiology, pathology, prognosis may be known or unknown. A deviation from normal function is well-recognized in patients with CompSA who often have severe sleep-disordered breathing. Several sources provide evidence that CompSA is indeed a defined disease state in the readily accessible literature. Even the website Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Main_Page) states: Patients with complex sleep apnea exhibit OSA, but upon application of positive airway pressure, the patient exhibits persistent central sleep apnea. This central apnea is most commonly noted while on CPAP therapy, after the obstructive component has been eliminated. This has long been seen in sleep laboratories… Researchers from Harvard University wrote of the disease: 1 Complex sleep-disordered breathing is a distinct form of sleep apnea. It has recognizable characteristics that are present without, and often worsened during, positive airway pressure treatment. Finally, in an effort to permit coverage for more specific therapy for CompSA patients in the form of servo-ventilators or bi-level devices with a backup rate, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services or CMS in the Durable Medical Equipment Regional Carrier or DMERC Region D Supplier Manual (CMS Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determina-tions Manual, Chapter 1, Section 280.1) stated: Complex sleep apnea (CompSA) is a form of central apnea specifically identified by the persistence or …
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Three-Domain Approach

Extrapolating from Carrollâ€™s four domains of corporate social responsibility (1979) and Pyramid of CSR (1991), an alternative approach to conceptualizing corporate social responsibility (CSR) is proposed. A three-domain approach is presented in which the three core domains of economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities are depicted in a Venn model framework. The Venn framework yields seven CSR categories resulting from the overlap of the three core domains. Corporate examples are suggested and classified according to the new model, followed by a discussion of limitations and teaching and research implications.
Validation of the Spanish version of the physical activity questionnaire used in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study

Abstract Objective The objective of this analysis was to test the validity of the estimates of energy expenditure and sedentary lifestyle obtained through a self-administered questionnaire of physical activity for Spanish-speaking people adapted from US questionnaires (Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study) using a triaxial accelerometer (RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker) as the reference. Design and setting: Validation study, calculating the non-parametric correlation coefficients between the level of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle collected by the self-administered questionnaire and the triaxial accelerometer measurements. Percentage of misclassification and kappa coefficients were also calculated. Subjects The study population consisted of a sample of 40 obese women who were participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project (a prospective cohort study among Spanish university alumni). They were selected because of their peculiar metabolic characteristics, in the search for a sub-optimal scenario for validity. Results Physical activity during leisure time (estimated as MET-h week-1) derived from the self-administered questionnaire moderately correlated with kcal day-1 assessed through the accelerometer (Spearman's ρ = 0.507, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.232, 0.707). The Spearman correlation between the ratio of sedentary lifestyle to physical activity obtained through the questionnaire and the direct estimation (RT3) was -0.578 (95% CI -0.754, -0.325). The kappa index was 0.25 (P = 0.002) when assessing the cross-classification into quintiles and 0.41 for the dichotomous estimation of a sedentary lifestyle. Only 2.5% of participants were misclassified by the questionnaire more than two quintiles apart from the estimates of the RT3. Conclusions The moderate values obtained for correlation in a sub-optimal scenario for validity and the low percentage of extreme misclassification suggest the validity of the questionnaire to assess physical activity in Spanish-speaking women aged 20–50 years.
Challenges in Formal Methods for Testing and Verification of Cloud Computing Systems

Formal methods are necessary to capture the semantics and behavior of processes of various systems. They characterize and provide insight into the behavior of real systems and thus identify their deterministic and non-deterministic features. The design and deployment of cloud computing systems utilize the current technology development in order to provide the appropriate service and accommodate the increasing demand while maintaining high quality and error free service. In this paper, we discuss the state of the art on using formal methods for the verification of cloud computing systems. Even though formal methods have been used successfully in the design and verification of several aspects of these systems, there are still many design issues in cloud computing that can be enhanced using formal methods. For instance, several scheduling algorithms are being used for cloud frameworks, such as Hadoop for instance, that are found to suffer from scheduling failures. This could have been avoided if the schedular has been properly verified. On the other hand, several new paradigms have evolved with cloud computing such as big data, these require fundamental changed on methods and algorithms that are being used for classical distributed systems, which in turn, increase the chance of having faulty systems that are difficult to highlight using only simulation methods.
Risk Prediction in Sexual Health Contexts: Protocol

Background In British Columbia (BC), we are developing Get Checked Online (GCO), an Internet-based testing program that provides Web-based access to sexually transmitted infections (STI) testing. Much is still unknown about how to implement risk assessment and recommend tests in Web-based settings. Prediction tools have been shown to successfully increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness of STI case finding in the following settings. Objective This project was designed with three main objectives: (1) to derive a risk prediction rule for screening chlamydia and gonorrhea among clients attending two public sexual health clinics between 2000 and 2006 in Vancouver, BC, (2) to assess the temporal generalizability of the prediction rule among more recent visits in the Vancouver clinics (2007-2012), and (3) to assess the geographical generalizability of the rule in seven additional clinics in BC. Methods This study is a population-based, cross-sectional analysis of electronic records of visits collected at nine publicly funded STI clinics in BC between 2000 and 2012. We will derive a risk score from the multivariate logistic regression of clinic visit data between 2000 and 2006 at two clinics in Vancouver using newly diagnosed chlamydia and gonorrhea infections as the outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic will examine the model’s discrimination and calibration, respectively. We will also examine the sensitivity and proportion of patients that would need to be screened at different cutoffs of the risk score. Temporal and geographical validation will be assessed using patient visit data from more recent visits (2007-2012) at the Vancouver clinics and at clinics in the rest of BC, respectively. Statistical analyses will be performed using SAS, version 9.3. Results This is an ongoing research project with initial results expected in 2014. Conclusions The results from this research will have important implications for scaling up of Internet-based testing in BC. If a prediction rule with good calibration, discrimination, and high sensitivity to detect infection is found during this project, the prediction rule could be programmed into GCO so that the program offers individualized testing recommendations to clients. Further, the prediction rule could be adapted into educational materials to inform other Web-based content by creating awareness about STI risk factors, which may stimulate health care seeking behavior among individuals accessing the website.
Not All Nonlabelers Are Created Equal

Past research regarding feminist identity has revealed that a significant number of women endorse feminist attitudes yet reject a feminist identity. In the current study, we sought to examine whether these nonlabeling women fall into two distinct groups: (a) one that falls on the same ideological continuum of their feminist peers and (b) the other that represents an attitudinally unique group of women characterized by their neoliberal beliefs that prioritize individual merit as the sole determinant of success. Two samples of undergraduate women self-reported their feminist identity and political and sexist attitudes. In our first sample (N = 231), we used k-means cluster analysis to identify two types of nonlabelers: quasi-feminists and neoliberals. Results revealed that, despite both groups’ shared belief in gender equality, quasi-feminists reported relatively lower levels of meritocratic, just world, and modern sexist beliefs, all of which were similar to those of their feminist-identified peers, whereas neoliberals indicated stronger meritocratic, just world, and modern sexist beliefs. In our second sample (N = 351), we replicated findings from our first sample and subsequently validated these groupings. Specifically, multivariate analysis of variance results demonstrated that, separate from the differences found in relation to the measures used for cluster analysis, quasi-feminists scored lower than neoliberals on measures of ambivalent sexism, social dominance, and equal opportunity beliefs. Women’s individual and collective welfare often hinges on their endorsement of neoliberal and feminist beliefs, especially in the face of unfair treatment. We suggest that activists and policy makers tailor strategies for engaging nonlabelers in the movement toward gender equality to the subtype of nonlabeler in question.