Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey - Security Layer For Smartphone -To-VehicleCommunication Over Bluetooth

ABSTRACT:Modern vehicles are increasingly being interconnected with computer systems, which collect information both from vehicular sources and Internet services Vulnerabilities likes improper validation, exposure, and randomness. These vulnerabilities include device address validation, invalid states, and exposed keys. Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks on Bluetooth Secure Simple Pairing (SSP) and other attack of falsification of information are major findings. In this article I come up solution that allows a Smartphone to establish a secure session layer over an insecure radio connection, which provides additional security guarantees regardless of the security mechanisms. Hierarchically distributed control system architecture which integrates a smartphone with classical embedded systems, and an ad-hoc, end-to-end security layer is designed to demonstrate how a smartphone can interact securely with a modern vehicle without requiring modifications to the existing in vehicle network As a result, the entire application layer is transparently secured with implementation of RSA algorithm for encryption.
Proteogenomic Mapping for Structural Annotation of Prokaryote Genomes

Structural annotation of genomes is one of major goals of genomics research. Most popular tools for structural annotation of genomes are determined by computational pipelines. It is well-known that these computational methods have a number of shortcomings including false identifications and incorrect identification of gene boundaries. Proteomic data can used to confirm the identification of genes identified by computational methods and correct mistakes. A Proteogenomic mapping method has been developed, which uses peptides identified from mass spectrometry for structural annotation of genomes. Spectra are matched against both a protein database and the genome database translated in all six reading frames. Those peptides that match the genome but not the protein database potentially represent novel protein coding genes, annotation errors. These short experimentally derived peptides are used to discover potential novel protein coding genes called expressed Protein Sequence Tags (ePSTs) by aligning the peptides to the genomic DNA and extending the translation in the 3' and 5' direction. In the paper, an enhanced pipeline, has been designed and developed for discovering and evaluating of potential novel protein coding genes: 1) a distance-based outlier detection method for validating peptides identified from MS/MS, 2) a proteogenomic mapping for discovery of potential novel protein coding genes, 3) collection of evidence from a number of sources and automatically evaluate potential novel protein coding genes by using machine learning techniques, such as Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes etc.
Synthesis of unseen context and spectral and pitch contour smoothing in concatenated text to speech synthesis

The availability and perceptual clarity of speech units, and how these units are put together during synthesis have always been the cornerstones of any high quality concatenative text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) system. The speech units are usually obtained from different sentences and contexts in a speaker-dependent speech database. One of the problems with speech units obtained this way is the occurrence of unseen contexts. Here, unseen contexts denote phonological sequences that are not acoustically represented in the selection pool during synthesis. Unseen units are expected in any concatenative TTS system because it is difficult to obtain an: acoustic representation of all possible existing contexts that could occur in speech. This paper proposes a pitch synchronous, overlap and merge method to synthesise the acoustic representation of unseen contexts from existing similar units found in the inventory. It also gives a brief description of spectral and pitch contour smoothing across concatenated units.
Hippocampal subdivision and amygdalar volumes in patients in an at-risk mental state for schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence from postmortem and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggests that abnormalities of medial temporal lobe structures are critically involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. It is still unclear, however, whether certain abnormalities are already present in individuals at ultra high-risk (UHR) for transition into psychosis. Recent studies involving patients at UHR showed contradictory results for hippocampal volume, and only 1 study reported that amygdalar volume was unchanged between healthy patients and those at UHR. Furthermore, no subregions of the hippocampus have been investigated in people at UHR. METHODS We recruited 29 UHR patients, 23 first-episode patients and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured hippocampal and amygdalar volumes from MRI scans by use of BRAINS2 to manually trace the regions of interest. The hippocampi were divided in 2 regions: head and corpus/tail. RESULTS Patients at UHR had significantly smaller volumes of the hippocampus corpus and tail bilaterally, but not of the head, compared with healthy controls. Group differences for the right hippocampus corpus and tail volume remained significant after we controlled for whole brain volume and other covariates. We found that UHR patients who later developed psychosis had smaller right hippocampus corpus and tail volumes than did those who did not develop psychosis. First-episode patients had significantly smaller left amygdalar volumes than did healthy individuals or those at UHR. LIMITATIONS Our study had a small sample size, and we were unable to control for the effects of medication. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that parts of the hippocampal-amygdalar complex are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Reduction of hippocampus corpus and tail volumes may be indicative of the prodromal phase of schizophrenia and represent risk factors for transition into psychosis. Further investigations are needed to determine whether structural changes of the left amygdala play a role during transition from the prodromal phase to the first manifest episode of schizophrenia.
FAST AUTHENTICATION FOR MOBILE HOSTS IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

We aim at extending IEEE 802.11s standards to implement fast hand-off to support real-time applications such as VoIP and audio/video conferencing. We propose a novel trust model that represents the trust relationships among the entities of a WMN, and new authentication protocols based on that model. A client and a mesh access point (MAP) mutually authenticate each other using one-hop communications. No central authentication server is required. Fast authentication for roaming from one MAP to another is supported by using tick-ets. Our performance and security analysis show that our proposed authentication protocols are efﬁcient and resilient to various kinds of attacks
Advantages and limitations of knowledge networks as a mechanism for sustaining Software Process Improvement

A knowledge network is a formalized mechanism for supporting the identification, creation and sharing of professional knowledge. In this paper we report from a case study where knowledge networks were used as a core mechanism in a software process improvement effort. In the concrete we studied two networks: one on software testing and one on user experience. Among the knowledge network members the test network is regarded as a success while the user experience network experienced the mechanism as a failure. Based on a literature survey we develop a matrix which we use to characterize the actual use of the knowledge network by the two member groups. Grounded in this analysis we identify advantages and limitations of knowledge networks as a mechanism for sustaining software process improvement.
Aspects of Statistical Physics in Computational Complexity

The aim of this review paper is to give a panoramic of the impact of spin glass theory and statistical physics in the study of the K-sat problem. The introduction of spin glass theory in the study of the random K-sat problem has indeed left a mark on the field, leading to some groundbreaking descriptions of the geometry of its solution space, and helping to shed light on why it seems to be so hard to solve. Most of the geometrical intuitions have their roots in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of spin glass. We'll start Chapter 2 by introducing the model from a mathematical perspective, presenting a selection of rigorous results and giving a first intuition about the cavity method. We'll then switch to a physical perspective, to explore concepts like pure states, hierarchical clustering and replica symmetry breaking. Chapter 3 will be devoted to the spin glass formulation of K-sat, while the most important phase transitions of K-sat (clustering, condensation, freezing and SAT/UNSAT) will be extensively discussed in Chapter 4, with respect their complexity, free-entropy density and the Parisi 1RSB parameter. The concept of algorithmic barrier will be presented in Chapter 5 and exemplified in detail on the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm. The BP algorithm will be introduced and motivated, and numerical analysis of a BP-guided decimation algorithm will be used to show the role of the clustering, condensation and freezing phase transitions in creating an algorithmic barrier for BP. Taking from the failure of BP in the clustered and condensed phases, Chapter 6 will finally introduce the Cavity Method to deal with the shattering of the solution space, and present its application to the development of the Survey Propagation algorithm.
An Interaction Model for Grasp-Aware Tangibles on Interactive Surfaces

Tangibles on interactive surfaces enable users to physically manipulate digital content by placing, manipulating, or removing a tangible object. However, the information whether and how a user grasps these objects has not been mapped out for tangibles on interactive surfaces so far. Based on Buxton's Three-State Model for graphical input, we present an interaction model that describes input on tangibles that are aware of the user's grasp. We present two examples showing how the user benefits from this extended interaction model. Furthermore, we show how the interaction with other existing tangibles for interactive tabletops can be modeled.
High performance lithographic hotspot detection using hierarchically refined machine learning

Under real and continuously improving manufacturing conditions, lithography hotspot detection faces several key challenges. First, real hotspots become less but harder to fix at post-layout stages; second, false alarm rate must be kept low to avoid excessive and expensive post-processing hotspot removal; third, full chip physical verification and optimization require fast turn-around time. To address these issues, we propose a high performance lithographic hotspot detection flow with ultra-fast speed and high fidelity. It consists of a novel set of hotspot signature definitions and a hierarchically refined detection flow with powerful machine learning kernels, ANN (artificial neural network) and SVM (support vector machine). We have implemented our algorithm with industry-strength engine under real manufacturing conditions in 45nm process, and showed that it significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art algorithms in hotspot detection false alarm rate (2.4X to 2300X reduction) and simulation run-time (5X to 237X reduction), meanwhile archiving similar or slightly better hotspot detection accuracies. Such high performance lithographic hotspot detection under real manufacturing conditions is especially suitable for guiding lithography friendly physical design.
A real time decision support system using head nod and shake

Human gestures are very prominent means to interface with intelligent systems naturally and nonverbally. This paper presents a robust and real time vision based decision support system that automatically predicts the head nod and shake gestures for decision making. Here we apply the Gentle Adaboost algorithm that detects the faces in the video frames automatically. Real time eye tracking is performed to find the center coordinates of the eyes from the detected face region. In this work, we propose support vector machine classifier, a robust algorithm based on machine learning for predicting head nod and shake gestures. Moreover, this system can function as real time decision support tool in an online environment. The proposed system is implemented and tested for several real time videos. The experimental results show that this system is able to detect head nod and shake gestures with a detection rate of 91.1%.
Leveraging Approximation to Improve Resource Efficiency in the Cloud

Although cloud computing has increased in popularity, datacenter utilization has remained for the most part low. This is in part due to the interference that comes as a result of applications sharing hardware and software resources. When interference occurs, the resources of at least one co-scheduled application need to be reduced forcing it to take a performance penalty. In current proposals, the penalized application is typically a low-priority, best-effort workload. Approximate computing applications present an opportunity to improve datacenter efficiency without performance degradation, since they can absorb the enforced resource reduction as a loss in output quality. In this paper we present Pliant, a runtime system that improves datacenter utilization by co-scheduling interactive services with approximate computing applications. When the runtime detects QoS violations in the interactive service, it employs approximation to reduce interference, and absorbs the resource reduction as a loss in output accuracy.
Work/family patterns and couple relationships in shared caregiving families

This paper reports on a study of work/family patterns and couple relationships in families where mothers and fathers either had reversed or were sharing the responsibiities for day-to-day child care (shared caregiving families; n=20), versus those in which mothers had the major responsibility for child care (traditional families; n=17). Data on employment patterns, divisions of labour and parental involvement with children were collected from couple interviews. Data on satisfaction with work/family patterns, and evaluation of parental involvement and approaches to childrearing, were collected in separate interviews with mothers and fathers. Couple relationships were assessed using a modified version of Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale
A genome-wide analysis of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (AS2/LOB) gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (AS2/LOB) genes are a family of plant specific transcription factors, which play an important role in the regulation of plant lateral organ development and metabolism. However, a genome-wide analysis of the AS2/LOB gene family is still not available for barley. In the present study, 24 AS2-like (ASL)/LOB domain (LBD) genes were identified based on the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome sequence. A phylogenetic tree of ASL/LBD proteins from barley, Arabidopsis, maize, and rice was constructed. The ASL/LBD genes were classified into two classes, class I and class II, which were divided into five and two subgroups, respectively. Genes homologous in barley and Arabidopsis were analyzed. In addition, the structure and chromosomal locations of the genes were analyzed. Expression profiles indicated that barley HvASL/LBD genes exhibit a variety of expression patterns, suggesting that they are involved in various aspects of physiological and developmental processes. This genome-wide analysis of the barley AS2/LOB gene family contributes to our understanding of the functions of the AS2/LOB gene family. 中文概要目 的从大麦全基因组中鉴定AS2/LOB 基因家族,并进行基因进化、基因结构、染色体定位以及组织、表达分析,为大麦ASL/LBD 基因进一步功能研究与鉴定奠定基础。 创新点首次在大麦全基因组水平上分析AS2/LOB 基因家族,并对部分基因的功能进行预测和分析。 方 法利用大麦基因组数据库,通过生物信息学手段,鉴定大麦AS2/LOB 基因家族成员;采用MEGA6软件进行系统进化树分析; 利用GSDS 及MapDraw 工具进行基因结构及染色体定位分析;利用已有的大麦RNAseq 数据进行组织表达谱分析。 结 论通过全基因组分析,大麦AS2/LOB 家族基因包括24 个成员,在进化上分为两大类,7 个亚家族,分布于大麦7 条染色体上,组织表达模式具有多样性,与已经报道的ASL/LBD 基因具有良好的同源性。 这些信息为大麦AS2/LOB 基因家族的功能分析奠定了基础。
Unsupervised query segmentation using generative language models and wikipedia

In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach to query segmentation, an important task in Web search. We use a generative query model to recover a query's underlying concepts that compose its original segmented form. The model's parameters are estimated using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, optimizing the minimum description length objective function on a partial corpus that is specific to the query. To augment this unsupervised learning, we incorporate evidence from Wikipedia. Experiments show that our approach dramatically improves performance over the traditional approach that is based on mutual information, and produces comparable results with a supervised method. In particular, the basic generative language model contributes a 7.4% improvement over the mutual information based method (measured by segment F1 on the Intersection test set). EM optimization further improves the performance by 14.3%. Additional knowledge from Wikipedia provides another improvement of 24.3%, adding up to a total of 46% improvement (from 0.530 to 0.774).
Benefits of security-informed safety-oriented process line engineering

Nowadays, given the growing aircraft connectivity, security-informed safety is crucial. To certify aircrafts, safety as well as security standards need to be taken into consideration. In this context, a process engineer has to succeed in mastering the growing complexity of the standards interplay. To support process engineers, we propose to: first, consider a common terminological framework, aimed at reconciling security and safety within dependability; then identify and systematize commonalities and variabilities between the processes. To enable this systematization we introduce Security-informed Safety-oriented Process Line Engineering (SiSoPLE), which extends SoPLE to address security concerns. To show the effectiveness and benefits of SiSoPLE, we apply this new process line engineering to two aerospace standards, SAE ARP 4761 (Safety) and RTCA DO-326A (Security). We then provide our lessons learned and concluding remarks. Finally, we sketch some perspectives for future investigation.
A Unified Framework for Optimizing Locality, Parallelism, and Communication in Out-of-Core Computations

This paper presents a unified framework that optimizes out-of-core programs by exploiting locality and parallelism, and reducing communication overhead. For out-of-core problems where the data set sizes far exceed the size of the available in-core memory, it is particularly important to exploit the memory hierarchy by optimizing the I/O accesses. We present algorithms that consider both iteration space (loop) and data space (file layout) transformations in a unified framework. We show that the performance of an out-of-core loop nest containing references to out-of-core arrays can be improved by using a suitable combination of file layout choices and loop restructuring transformations. Our approach considers array references one-by-one and attempts to optimize each reference for parallelism and locality. When there are references for which parallelism optimizations do not work, communication is vectorized so that data transfer can be performed before the innermost loop. Results from hand-compiles on IBM SP-2 and Inter Paragon distributed-memory message-passing architectures show that this approach reduces the execution times and improves the overall speedups. In addition, we extend the base algorithm to work with file layout constraints and show how it is useful for optimizing programs that consist of multiple loop nests.
Acquisition of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model

The scope of this thesis is threefold: design and construction of a 3D facial scanning system, development of a practical reflection model describing reflectance properties of human skin, and an analysis of facial appearance of multiple subjects, leading to intuitive editing operations for the skin model. The scanning system consists of two devices that separately acquire surface reflectance and subsurface scattering properties, respectively. Together they capture all appearance parameters of an individual face needed to generate novel, synthetic images of the face. The former device consists of sixteen cameras and 150 light-sources attached to a hemisphere surrounding the scanned subject. In order to acquire the reflectance field of the face, the light-sources are sequentially flashed, while all cameras simultaneously capture the lit face. The latter device is a contact device that uses a bundle of optical fibers to feed light into the skin of the subject, and to collect exiting radiance at different distances to the source fiber. The second integral part of the thesis has been to develop an appropriate reflectance model that allows a compact representation, as well as an analysis across multiple subjects with varying skin properties. The skin model decomposes the high-dimensional bidirectional scattering surface reflectance distribution function (BSSRDF) of skin into components that can be estimated from the measured data. The model is intuitive, amenable to interactive rendering, and easy to edit. Using the custom-built acquisition devices, a large group of people has been scanned, providing 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering for each subject. The data has been fitted to the model, and an analysis of the reflectance data across the datasets revealed variations according to subject age, skin type, gender, and external factors (heat, cold, makeup, etc.). We use two alternative instantiations of our model. In one case, we derive a low-dimensional model using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) that spans the space of skin reflectance in our database. In the other case, histogram matching techniques are used to transfer skin characteristics between subjects. Both techniques allow a user to control skin appearance by meaningful parameters—such as skin type, gender, and age—and change the overall appearance of a person (e.g., making a Caucasian face look more Asian) or change local features (e.g., adding moles, freckles, or hair follicles). These controls make our model an intuitively editable skin reflectance representation that is suited for animation and photo-realistic rendering of human faces, preserving the natural appearance of skin.
Nomenclature for the human Arf family of GTP-binding proteins: ARF, ARL, and SAR proteins

The Ras superfamily is comprised of at least four large families of regulatory guanosine triphosphate–binding proteins, including the Arfs. The Arf family includes three different groups of proteins: the Arfs, Arf-like (Arls), and SARs. Several Arf family members have been very highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution and have orthologues in evolutionally diverse species. The different means by which Arf family members have been identified have resulted in an inconsistent and confusing array of names. This confusion is further compounded by differences in nomenclature between different species. We propose a more consistent nomenclature for the human members of the Arf family that may also serve as a guide for nomenclature in other species.