Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Efficient Strong Memory Model Support for the Java Platform via Hybrid Synchronization

The Java memory model provides strong behavior guarantees for data-race-free executions. However, it provides very weak guarantees for racy executions, leading to unexpected, unintuitive behaviors. This paper focuses on how to provide a memory model, called statically bounded region serializability (SBRS), that is substantially stronger than the Java memory model. Our prior work introduces SBRS, as well as compiler and runtime support for enforcing SBRS called EnfoRSer. EnfoRSer modifies the dynamic compiler to insert instrumentation to acquire a lock on each object accessed by the program. For most programs, EnfoRSer's primary run-time cost is executing this instrumentation at essentially every memory access. This paper focuses on reducing the run-time overhead of enforcing SBRS by avoiding instrumentation at every memory access that acquires a per-object lock. We experiment with an alternative approach for providing SBRS that instead acquires a single static lock before each executed region; all regions that potentially race with each other---according to a sound whole-program static analysis--- must acquire the same lock. This approach slows most programs dramatically by needlessly serializing regions that do not actually conflict with each other. We thus introduce a hybrid approach that judiciously combines the two locking strategies, using a cost model and run-time profiling. Our implementation and evaluation in a Java virtual machine use offline profiling and recompilation, thus demonstrating the potential of the approach without incurring online profiling costs. The results show that although the overall performance benefit is modest, our hybrid approach never significantly worsens performance, and for two programs, it significantly outperforms both approaches that each use only one kind of locking. These results demonstrate the potential of a technique based on combining synchronization mechanisms to provide a strong end-to-end memory model for Java and other JVM languages.
Evidence for a tubulin-containing lipid-protein structural complex in ciliary membranes

The proteins and lipids of the scallop gill ciliary membrane may be reassociated through several cycles of detergent solubilization, detergent removal, and freeze-thaw, without significant change in overall protein composition. Membrane proteins and lipids reassociate to form vesicles of uniform, discrete density classes under a variety of reassociation conditions involving detergent removal and concentration. Freed of the solubilizing detergent during equilibrium centrifugation, a protein-lipid complex equilibrates to a position on a sucrose density gradient characteristic of the original membrane density. When axonemal tubulin is solubilized by dialysis, mixed with 2:1 lecithin/cholesterol dissolved in Nonidet P-40, freed of detergent, and reconstituted by freeze-thaw, vesicles of a density essentially equal to pure lipid result. If the lipid fraction is derived through chloroform-methanol extraction of natural ciliary membranes, a moderate increase in density occurs upon reconstitution, but the protein is adsorbed and most is removed by a simple low ionic strength wash, in contrast to vesicles reconstituted from membrane proteins where even high salt extraction causes no loss of protein. The proteins of the ciliary membrane dissolve with constant composition, regardless of the type, concentration, or efficiency of detergent. Analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrates that monodisperse mixed micelles form at high detergent concentrations, but that membranes are dispersed to large sedimentable aggregates by Nonidet P-40 even at several times the critical micelle concentration, which suggests reasons for the efficacy of certain detergent for the production of ATP-reactivatable cell models. In extracts freed of detergent, structured polydisperse particles, but not membrane vesicles, are seen in negative staining; vesicles form upon concentration of the extract. Membrane tubulin is not in a form that will freely undergo electrophoresis, even in the presence of detergent above the critical micelle concentration. All chromatographic attempts to separate membrane tubulin from other membrane proteins have failed; lipid and protein are excluded together by gel filtration in the presence of high concentrations of detergent. These observations support the idea that a relatively stable lipid- protein complex exists in the ciliary membrane and that in this complex membrane tubulin is tightly associated with lipids and with a number of other proteins.
Predicate abstraction and refinement for verifying multi-threaded programs

Automated verification of multi-threaded programs requires explicit identification of the interplay between interacting threads, so-called environment transitions, to enable scalable, compositional reasoning. Once the environment transitions are identified, we can prove program properties by considering each program thread in isolation, as the environment transitions keep track of the interleaving with other threads. Finding adequate environment transitions that are sufficiently precise to yield conclusive results and yet do not overwhelm the verifier with unnecessary details about the interleaving with other threads is a major challenge. In this paper we propose a method for safety verification of multi-threaded programs that applies (transition) predicate abstraction-based discovery of environment transitions, exposing a minimal amount of information about the thread interleaving. The crux of our method is an abstraction refinement procedure that uses recursion-free Horn clauses to declaratively state abstraction refinement queries. Then, the queries are resolved by a corresponding constraint solving algorithm. We present preliminary experimental results for mutual exclusion protocols and multi-threaded device drivers.
Australian Family Leisure: Modelling parent and youth data

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test a recently developed broad structural model which examines the relationships between family leisure involvement, family functioning, family communication, family leisure satisfaction, and satisfaction with family life among a large sample of families from Australia (n = 1014). Participating families provided responses to family variables from both a parent (n = 902) and an adolescent child (n = 810) in the household. Structural equation modelling was employed and the fit indices from the parent and youth structural equation models were quite similar to each other, with both exhibiting a reasonable fit of the data. This study provides some insight into Australian family leisure perspectives and assists in providing a more global view of family leisure constructs. Implications, limitations, and recommendations are discussed.
Family Life and Acculturation Attitudes: A Study among Four Immigrant Groups in the Netherlands

This article examines the relationship between different aspects of family life and acculturation attitudes among adults of the four main immigrant groups in the Netherlands. The focus is on the importance of early parental practices and current (national and transnational) family relationships for the attitude, first, towards socio-cultural maintenance and, second, towards socio-cultural adaptation. The results show that family life matters for both attitudes, but more strongly for the endorsement of socio-cultural maintenance. Family contacts and support are positively related to the endorsement of socio-cultural maintenance but not to the attitude towards socio-cultural adaptation. Growing up with loving and supporting parents is associated with a more positive attitude towards socio-cultural adaptation. In addition to, and independent from, the individual's language proficiency, immigrants within families who speak Dutch more often have a more positive attitude towards socio-cultural adaptation and a lower endorsement of socio-cultural maintenance.
Reading National Geographic

For its millions of readers, the National Geographic has long been a window to the world of exotic peoples and places. In this fascinating account of an American institution, Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins explore the possibility that the magazine, in purporting to teach us about distant cultures, actually tells us much more about our own. Lutz and Collins take us inside the National Geographic Society to investigate how its photographers, editors, and designers select images and text to produce representations of Third World cultures. Through interviews with the editors, they describe the process as one of negotiating standards of "balance" and "objectivity," informational content and visual beauty. Then, in a close reading of some six hundred photographs, they examine issues of race, gender, privilege, progress, and modernity through an analysis of the way such things as color, pose, framing, and vantage point are used in representations of non-Western peoples. Finally, through extensive interviews with readers, the authors assess how the cultural narratives of the magazine are received and interpreted, and identify a tension between the desire to know about other peoples and their ways and the wish to validate middle-class American values. The result is a complex portrait of an institution and its role in promoting a kind of conservative humanism that acknowledges universal values and celebrates diversity while it allows readers to relegate non-Western peoples to an earlier stage of progress. We see the magazine and the Society as a key middlebrow arbiter of taste, wealth, and power in America, and we get a telling glimpse into middle-class American culture and all the wishes, assumptions, and fears it brings to bear on our armchair explorations of the world.
Illness and Treatment Perceptions Are Associated With Adherence to Medications, Diet, and Exercise in Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate diabetic patients’ perceptions of illness and treatments, and explore relationships to adherence and blood glucose control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-nine type 1 and one hundred and eight type 2 diabetic patients completed questionnaires assessing illness perceptions, treatment beliefs, and adherence to medications, diet, and exercise. Blood glucose control was assessed from blood tests. RESULTS Patients rated medication more important than diet and exercise, and reported higher adherence to medications. Insulin was perceived as more helpful for diabetes, while antihypertensives and cholesterol medication were perceived more helpful for preventing heart problems. Perceptions were associated with adherence to insulin, cholesterol and antihypertensive medications, exercise, and diet. Blood glucose control in type 1 diabetic patients was associated with insulin adherence and perceived personal control, and in type 2 diabetic patients to being prescribed insulin or antihypertensives, and perceived personal control. CONCLUSIONS Patients hold specific mental models about diabetes treatments, which are associated with adherence.
Regional and seasonal effects on biomass burning aerosols

It is known that the biomass burning aerosols (BBA) generated by the large-scale forest fires and burn agriculture have influenced the severity of air pollution. Nevertheless the biomass burning plumes increase due to global warming and climate change and vice versa. It is worth noting that the near ultra violet (NUV) measurements are helpful for the detection of carbonaceous particles, which are the main component of aerosols from biomass burning. In this work, improved retrieval algorithms for BBA are interpreted by using the measurements observed by GLI and POLDER-2 on Japanese short term mission ADEOS-2 from December 2002 to October 2003. The GLI sensor has 380nm channel. Finally the obtained optical properties of BBA are investigated from the standpoint of spatial and temporal variations in comparison with the numerical model simulations.
Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics

Paul Taylor’s Respect for Nature was first published 1986 when environmental ethics was a relatively new field. In it he defended a deontological biocentric environmental ethic predicated on the idea that all living beings have inherent value. It was a groundbreaking work in non-anthropocentric ethics, and since then it has been frequently anthologized and used in ethics and environmental philosophy courses taught around the world. The Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition of Respect for Nature (2011) contains a two-page forward by Dale Jamieson, who notes the continued urgency for intellectuals to consider the meaning of “respect for nature. ” When Respect for Nature was first published, most professional ethicists were unclear on how to think about our moral duties to the non-human world. Taylor has provided us a unique way of thinking about such matters that is still relevant today.
Prevalence of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is recommended for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study described the prevalence of self-reported and accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behavior, using a nationally representative sample from the United States, a subset of whom had CVD, including angina, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Using the most recently available accelerometer data (combined 2003-2006) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study sample included 680 adults with CVD, who completed a questionnaire and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 1 week. A group without CVD (n = 1000) was also selected as the referent, with similar age, gender, and race/ethnic distributions as those with CVD (angina, CHD, CHF, MI) to compare PA and sedentary behavior estimates. Percentages and means were weighted to reflect the US population from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Among those with CVD, the proportion of individuals who engaged in self-reported past-month, moderate-intensity leisure activity ranged from 39.7% (CHF) to 53.8% (CHD) and vigorous-intensity leisure activity from 12.9% (CHF) to 18.4% (CHD), with walking being the most commonly reported activity. Television watching ≥4 h/d ranged from 36.2% (MI) to 44.8% (CHF). Using accelerometry, moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA ranged from 8.6 (CHF) to 11.4 min/d (angina). Sedentary behavior ranged from 9.6 (angina) to 10.1 h/d (CHF). All 4 CVD groups had lower leisure activity and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA, and higher television watching and sedentary behavior, when compared with the referent group. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts are needed to encourage PA and reduce sedentary behavior for secondary prevention of CVD.
Setting the Preheating Process of Electronic Ballasts for Hot-Cathode Fluorescent Lamps, considering the Rh/Rc Ratio

This paper presents a new model for the representation of the electrodes filaments of fluorescent lamps, during their preheating, and an analysis capable to guide the design of the preheating process in electronic ballasts. The main improvement obtained with the lamp model is the accurate theoretical reproduction of the behavior of the Rh /Rc ratio during the preheating process. In addition, using the proposed methodology based on the lamp model, it is possible to set a proper preheating process to the electrodes filaments, without the necessity of exhaustive empirical adjustments in the prototype, reducing time and costs involved in the design of ballasts with preheating capabilities
Parent–offspring similarity for childhood behavioral inhibition and associations between inhibition and parental care

Few studies have assessed whether offspring resemble their parents regarding behavioral inhibition (BI) and whether inhibition is associated with parenting attitudes. The goals of this article were (1) to establish the associations between retrospectively assessed childhood BI features in parents and current reports of BI in their 12 year-old offspring from a large community sample and (2) to determine whether parental and offspring BI dimensions were associated with the level of parental care. The sample included 453 adolescents (mean age: 12 years) and their 741 biological parents. Analyses of the BI, ‘general fears’ and ‘fears at school’, dimensions showed that there was specific parent–offspring similarity for each dimension, although the effect sizes were modest, which suggests an important role of nonshared environmental factors in the development of BI. A modest but significant negative association was found between parental care and the fears at school dimension in offspring.
MasePlanner: A Card-Based Distributed Planning Tool for Agile Teams

Supporting agile teams from afar as they plan projects is a challenge. In this paper, we present a planning tool, MasePlanner, which supports agile teams as they collaborate in a distributed environment during their planning meetings. Combined with an audio link, our tool supports natural interaction similar to those found in collocated agile planning environments. MasePlanner supports planning in both vertical and horizontal tabletop workspaces by allowing participants to use interaction techniques such as moving and piling of story cards. By implementing a strong index-card metaphor, the tool aims to be more closely aligned with natural environments
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Suggests Existence of Lineages with Differential Pathogenic Properties in Humans

The clinical manifestations of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, vary considerably in different patients, possibly due to infection by strains with varying pathogenicity. Both rRNA intergenic spacer and ospC typing methods have proven to be useful tools for categorizing B. burgdorferi strains that vary in their tendency to disseminate in humans. Neither method, however, is suitable for inferring intraspecific relationships among strains that are important for understanding the evolution of pathogenicity and the geographic spread of disease. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to investigate the population structure of B. burgdorferi recovered from human Lyme disease patients. A total of 146 clinical isolates from patients in New York and Wisconsin were divided into 53 sequence types (STs). A goeBURST analysis, that also included previously published STs from the northeastern and upper Midwestern US and adjoining areas of Canada, identified 11 major and 3 minor clonal complexes, as well as 14 singletons. The data revealed that patients from New York and Wisconsin were infected with two distinct, but genetically and phylogenetically closely related, populations of B. burgdorferi. Importantly, the data suggest the existence of B. burgdorferi lineages with differential capabilities for dissemination in humans. Interestingly, the data also indicate that MLST is better able to predict the outcome of localized or disseminated infection than is ospC typing.
Vehicle control based on a LPV control and a nonlinear control to detect critical driving situation due to high dynamic loads

This paper presents two control laws dedicated to the vehicle control and gives a comparison between them. The first control law is designed to control the vehicle from steering angle and is based on the LPV control strategy, the solution for this problem is achieved using the LMI framework and the interpolation gains method. The second strategy controls the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle via wheel torque traction and steering torque respectively. It is based on a second order sliding mode control. These control laws are used to perform closed-loop simulations with a non linear vehicle model, under high dynamic loads to detect critical driving situations such as physical limitation of the vehicle in a bend. These laws are tested using the experimental data acquired by four wheeled vehicle Peugeot 307 from IFSTTAR.
Testosterone‐induced neuroendocrine changes in the medial preoptic area precede song activation and plasticity in song control nuclei of female canaries

Testosterone plays a key role in the control of seasonal changes in singing behavior and its underlying neural circuitry. After administration of exogenous testosterone, song quality and song control nuclei volumes change over the course of weeks, but song rate increases within days. The medial preoptic nucleus (POM) controls sexual motivation and testosterone action in POM increases sexually motivated singing. In this study, we investigated the time course of testosterone action in the song control nuclei and POM, at the gross anatomical and cellular level. Photosensitive female canaries were injected with BrdU to label newborn neurons. One day later they were transferred to a long‐day photoperiod and implanted with testosterone‐filled or empty implants. Brains and blood were collected 1, 2, 9 or 21 days later. Testosterone increased POM volume within 1 day, whereas the volume of song control nuclei increased significantly only on day 21 even if a trend was already observed for HVC on day 9. The density of newborn neurons in HVC, labeled by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin, was increased by testosterone on days 9 and 21 although a trend was already detectable on day 2. In POM, testosterone increased the number and size of aromatase‐immunoreactive neurons already after 1 day. This rapid action of testosterone in POM supports its proposed role in controlling singing motivation. Although testosterone increased the number of newborn neurons in HVC rapidly (9, possibly 2 days), it is unlikely that these new neurons affect singing behavior before they mature and integrate into functional circuits.
Management of ‘no‐reflow’ complicating reperfusion therapy

No‐reflow phenomenon, defined as inadequate myocardial perfusion of the adequately dilated target vessel without evidence of angiographic mechanical obstruction. It is a multifactorial, well‐recognised, secondary phenomenon following reperfusion therapy such as thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the no‐reflow state are incompletely understood. Embolization of the atheromatous material to the distal vasculature and intense arteriole vasospasm caused by microembolization of platelet‐rich thrombi that release vasoactive agents resulting in microvascular obstructions are likely mechanisms. Current prophylaxis and management strategies are derived from limited clinical data. Intracoronary verapamil, adenosine and nitroprusside have been most frequently studied and administered for angiographic no‐reflow during PCI for acute myocardial infarction or saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions and have been shown to improve epicardial flow and microvascular perfusion. The use of distal embolic protection devices in SVG interventions also provide microvascular protection and improve clinical outcomes. However, by far the most important measures are prevention and anticipation during PCI as once no‐reflow established, complete reversal of the situation may not be possible.
exploring the purging behavior of asian-pacific adolescents in guam: does heavy television viewing make a difference?

This study explored the effects of heavy television viewing on the purging behavior of Asian-Pacific adolescents in Guam. We argue that Westernized television in Guam presents thin, tall, and athletic bodies as the only acceptable images for adolescents. Using logistic regression, we tested the television-purging connection using a probability sample of Asian-Pacific Islander high school students. The results of the analysis support the hypothesis that heavy television viewing is associated with male purging behavior, which is a form of self-directed deviance. Being overweight is also associated with purging for male and female adolescents. We discuss the implications of the findings for theory and future research.