Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examination of cognitive and instrumental functional performance as indicators for driving cessation risk across 3 years.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the role of cognitive and instrumental functional performance in driving cessation while simultaneously accounting for any contributions of demographics, vision, physical performance, and health among a sample of older adults without dementia. DESIGN AND METHODS Included in the analyses were 1,838 participants from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study who were drivers at baseline and completed the third-year assessment. Participants completed baseline assessments of sociodemographic characteristics, health, sensory function, physical function, cognitive abilities, instrumental functional performance, and depressive symptoms. Driving status was again ascertained 3 years later. RESULTS We used Cox proportional hazard analyses to examine prospective predictors of driving cessation over a 3-year period. The final model indicated four significant risk factors for driving cessation: older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.06, p = .009), poorer balance as measured by the Turn 360 degrees test (HR = 1.17, p = .002), slower cognitive speed of processing as measured by the Useful Field of View test (HR = 1.37, p = .004), and poorer instrumental functional performance as assessed by the Everyday Problems Test (HR = 1.59, p < .001). IMPLICATIONS Although vision, health, and physical abilities are commonly considered when determining driving capacity, cognitive speed of processing and instrumental functional performance may be better indicators of subsequent likelihood of driving cessation across 3 years among older adults. Poor health and vision may only impact driving cessation to the extent that cognitive speed of processing and instrumental functioning are affected.
The Emergence of Reciprocity through Contrast and Dissonance

Within groups of interacting individuals, relationships are formed in accordance to predictions of homophily. However, group composition often dictates the kind of homophily found: choice homophily or induced homophily. In differentiated groups with evolving relationships, we can easily imagine interactions occurring by choice then eventually by an apparently random process due to the increasing homogeneity of the group. In this paper, a dynamic model of group interaction is presented. By the nature of the model, virtual groups are initially differentiated and eventually reach a state of stability, sometimes complete homogeneity. Interaction is primarily constrained by two cognitive mechanisms: contrast biases and dissonance reduction, a la Heiderian balance. The presence of mutual, affective relationships defined by frequent interaction are shown to be prevalent under the contrast condition. Furthermore, our findings show that the formation of strong triads, consisting only of strong reciprocal ties, are driven by contrast while weak and transitive triads are more driven by balance. Balance, also, tends to induce higher degrees of centralization while contrast has the opposite effect.
Word Frequency and Age of Acquisition as Determiners of Picture-Naming Latency

In multiple-regression analysis of picture-naming latencies from an experiment modelled on Oldfield and Wingfield's (1965), with 94 stimuli and 37 adult subjects, two word frequency measures had insignificant beta weights, while two measures estimating age at which the word was learned had highly significant weights. Objects whose names were learned early were named faster. This result may have important implications for the interpretation of studies using word frequency as a critical variable. It is suggested that word retrieval may be a one-stage process that depends upon the age at which a word was learned.
THE INVESTIGATION IN THE EFFECT OF CORPORATIVE GOVERNANCE ON STOCK RETURNS STABILITY, LIQUIDITY, AND VALUE OF ADMITTED ENTERPRISES IN TEHRAN SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ORGANIZATION TSEO

The corporative governance is one of the effective factors on stocks return stability, difference of put option and call option and corporative value (Bid Ask Spread). One of the important qualitative features of return is the return stability that indicates duration and permanence of stocks return and also put option and call options are some of the paramount criteria for liquidity of corporative stocks. The present survey is mainly intended to explore the impact of corporative governance mechanisms (open floating stocks and the percentage of the reserved (stable) stocks by institutional investors) on return stability, liquidity, and corporative value. Hence, a sample including 56 admitted enterprises in Tehran Securities and Exchange Organization (TSEO)was selected and studied during 6- year period (2004-2009). To test hypotheses, multivariate regression with composed data has been adapted. Significance test of hypotheses was conducted by means of t- statistic and F- statistic. The research findings suggest that there is no significant relationship among corporative governance with return stability, liquidity, and corporative value. Overall, the given results from this investigation show that TSEO market is not an efficient market and market information is not reflected in stock price.
Point Localization and Density Estimation from Ordinal kNN graphs using Synchronization

We consider the problem of embedding unweighted, directed k-nearest neighbor graphs in low-dimensional Euclidean space. The k-nearest neighbors of each vertex provides ordinal information on the distances between points, but not the distances themselves. We use this ordinal information along with the low-dimensionality to recover the coordinates of the points up to arbitrary similarity transformations (rigid transformations and scaling). Furthermore, we also illustrate the possibility of robustly recovering the underlying density via the Total Variation Maximum Penalized Likelihood Estimation (TV-MPLE) method. We make existing approaches scalable by using an instance of a local-to-global algorithm based on group synchronization, recently proposed in the literature in the context of sensor network localization and structural biology, which we augment with a scaling synchronization step. We demonstrate the scalability of our approach on large graphs, and show how it compares to the Local Ordinal Embedding (LOE) algorithm, which was recently proposed for recovering the configuration of a cloud of points from pairwise ordinal comparisons between a sparse set of distances.
The Discursive Reconstruction of Sexual Consent

This paper explores the discursive means by which a defendant in a sexual assault tribunal attempts to represent or construct himself as innocent. The relative success of discursive strategies in deflecting the defendant's accountability for the sexual assault in question, I argue, is directly related to the ideological perspective that `frames' the proceedings of the tribunal. More specifically, I demonstrate how what Crawford (1995) calls a deficiency model of miscommunication between women and men informs, indeed dominates, this sexual assault tribunal. That is, both the defendant and the tribunal members (representatives of the university who decide on the guilt or innocence of the defendant) communicate that neither the man (the defendant) nor the women (the complainants) have been able to interpret the other's verbal and non-verbal communicative acts accurately, primarily because the complainants have been `deficient' in their attempts to signal non-consent.
Diagnosing temporal arteritis: duplex vs. biopsy.

BACKGROUND Temporal artery biopsy is the traditionally-accepted method of diagnosing temporal arteritis, but is of limited sensitivity. AIM To compare the clinical decisions made after negative temporal artery biopsy vs. negative temporal artery duplex, and the effects on patient outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. METHODS Of 290 patients suspected of having temporal arteritis, 147 underwent bilateral temporal artery duplex with a negative result, and 143 underwent unilateral temporal artery biopsy with a negative result. These groups were compared. Dependent measures included the proportion of patients in each group whose steroids were discontinued by their primary care doctor after either negative test, and the difference in the number of alternative diagnoses considered after a negative test. The incidence of blindness in each group was also compared, as a measure of adverse outcomes. Patients were then stratified by pre-test probability of having the disease, and compared using the same measures. RESULTS Equivalent proportions of patients in the two groups had steroids discontinued after a negative test result, even when further stratified into risk groups by the probability of having temporal arteritis. No differences in adverse outcomes or number of alternative diagnoses considered were noted between groups. DISCUSSION In clinical practice, bilateral temporal artery duplex served the same function as biopsy, but without subjecting patients to the potential morbidity of a surgical procedure. Temporal artery biopsy could be reserved only for situations where the duplex result is inconsistent with the clinical picture, and the biopsy result, if different from the duplex result, might influence the treatment decision.
A total error rate multi-class classification

The total error rate (TER) has been presented as a minimum classification error model for the single-layer feed-forward network (SLFN) learning. The TER, which uses one-against-all (OAA) for multi-class classification, may cause unbalanced data set especially for large number of training data in multi-class classification and then often has a bad influence on the accuracy. This paper proposes a new method, called multi-class total error rate (MTER) to deal with this problem. The MTER, which uses a unified learning mode of regression and multi-class classification and minimizes the error rate for each class, can approximate any target functions. It implies that a balanced data set can be obtained and the training process can be simplified. Experiments show that MTER has a higher accuracy and lower computational complexity in comparison with some learning algorithms such as ELM and TER. The experiments also show that the MTER has a similar performance with LIBSVM.
Affect Detection in Texts

The field of affective NLP, and in particular the emotion recognition in texts is a challenging topic. Nonetheless with current NLP techniques it is possible to approach the problem with interesting results, opening exciting applicative perspectives for the future. In this chapter we presented some explorations in dealing with automatic recognition of affect in text. We start describing some available lexical resources, the problem of emotion annotations to create a gold standard, and the Affective Text task at SemEval-2007. That task focused on the classification of emotions in news headlines, and was meant as an exploration of the connection between emotions and lexical semantics. Then we approach the problem of recognizing emotions in texts, presenting some state-of-the-art knowledge-based and corpus-based methods. We conclude the chapter presenting two promising lines of research in the field of affective NLP. The first one approaches the related task of humor recognition; the second proposes the exploitation of extra-linguistic features (e.g. music) for emotion detection.
On Haroutunian’s Exponent for Parallel Channels and an Application to Fixed-Delay Codes Without Feedback

The Haroutunian exponent arises in the study of channel reliability functions for both block coding with feedback and fixed-delay coding without feedback. For asymmetric channels, such as the Z-channel, the Haroutunian exponent is strictly larger than the sphere-packing exponent. The spherepacking exponent is believed to be an upper bound for the reliability function in the two aforementioned communication problems, but in attempting to prove this, one gets stuck at the Haroutunian exponent because of entanglements between the channel behavior and the input distribution. In this paper, we present a characteristic of the Haroutunian exponent that differentiates it from the random coding and sphere-packing exponents. We consider the parallel channel, the repeated use of the original discrete memoryless channel independently some number of times. It is well known that the capacity of the parallel channel is L times the capacity of the original channel, and the random coding and sphere-packing exponents of the L-use parallel channel decompose into L times the exponents of the original channel. The main result of this paper is to show that the (appropriately normalized) Haroutunian exponent of the parallel channel asymptotically decomposes to the sphere-packing exponent of the original channel, as opposed to the Haroutunian exponent of the original channel. This fact is then used to prove two results. First, an upper bound for the reliability function for fixed blocklength coding with delayed feedback is proved. This upper bound converges to the sphere-packing exponent as the delay in the feedback path tends to infinity. Second, the reliability function for fixed delay coding without feedback is shown to be upper bounded by the sphere-packing exponent.
Role of Disgust Proneness in Parkinson’s Disease: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Abstract The knowledge about personality traits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still limited. In particular, disgust proneness has not been investigated as well as its neuronal correlates. Although several morphometric studies demonstrated that PD is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) reduction in olfactory and gustatory regions involved in disgust processing, a possible correlation with disgust proneness has not been investigated. We conducted a voxel-based morphometry analysis to compare GMV between 16 cognitively normal male PD patients with mild to moderate symptoms and 24 matched control subjects. All participants had answered questionnaires for the assessment of disgust proneness, trait anger and trait anxiety. We correlated questionnaire scores with GMV in both groups. The clinical group reported selectively reduced disgust proneness toward olfactory stimuli associated with spoilage. Moreover, they showed GMV reduction in the central olfactory system [orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and piriform cortex]. Disgust items referring to olfactory processing were positively correlated with OFC volume in PD patients. Our data suggest an association between PD-associated neurodegeneration and olfactory related facets of the personality trait disgust proneness. (JINS, 2015, 21, 314–317)
Organizational cultures and their relevance to the information organization

One of the major areas of concern of information management is the collective use, exchange and development of the information activities of the organization in order to achieve its objectives. For this to be effective, either information management will require the right kind of environment or culture in which to operate, or it will have to be instrumental in creating that culture. An organization's culture is shaped by many factors — history, experience, values, beliefs, successes, failures, the environment in which it operates, and the personalities which lead it. Culture, however, cannot be precisely defined because it is something that is perceived, something that is felt. It also has much to do with the way people are managed. Information management can have an impact on the organization's culture although the opposite is more often the case especially in terms of organizational structure, the distribution of power, the organization's image, the style of the chief officer, risk‐taking and change, secrecy and openness and the way people work together and cooperate, or don't. Information management is also about how people interact with systems. There are, in brief, two contrasting ways in which this can happen; one which puts systems first, the other which puts people first. Evidence is now growing that people must come first and can no longer work in purely mechanistic ways in which they become data‐processors on number‐crunchers. An ideal working culture may be one where people can develop satisfactorily with the systems to which they contribute but which do not put them in a straitjacket. How can this be achieved? What kinds of culture generally exist within organizations? Are there any types of culture which may be more conducive and receptive to information management? Similarly, can the culture of an organization be changed? Can it be managed?
Torture and Atrocity Sequelae in Methodologically Sophisticated Studies

In some regions of the world, torture continues to be a largescale phenomenon. In order to make reliable statements about its consequences and thus, among other things, also to gain political arguments against torture, the examined datasets should be as comprehensive as possible and the methodology as sophisticated as possible. Otherwise, this area is exposed to the latent or open accusation that one cannot conduct good research with benevolence alone. In reviews or meta-analyses, various groups of authors have undertaken a summary of the results of individual studies in order to reach such methodologically reliable statements. Of particular value in theoretical and methodological terms, moreover, are culturally sensitive approaches that apply those sophisticated methods. Steel et al. (2009) presented a systematic review and meta-analysis. Their goal was to assess the most reliable estimates on prevalences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorder after torture and other potential traumatic events in refugee and post-conflict mental health settings. Particular emphasis was put on methodological factors that may explain differences of PTSD or depression estimates in primary studies (0–99% for PTSD, 3–85% for depression). Torture and torture sequelae were measured in most studies by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Mollica et al., 1992), an instrument that is now available in almost 50 languages. The meta-regression analyses included 181 primary studies comprising approximately 82,000 persons from 40 countries. Methodological variance accounted for 13% and 28% in PTSD and depression, respectively. Methodological variance resulted from nonrandom sampling (9%), small sample sizes (43–55%), and self-report questionnaires (25–34%), which were all associated with higher prevalences of the disorders. Diagnostic time frame resulted in additional attributable variance (22%/31%), with 12-month or lifetime prevalence estimates reporting lower rates of disorders. In this way, methodologically sound prevalences for torture-related PTSD and depression were indicated, which can currently be seen as the most reliable and valid in the whole of the specialist literature. These are 30% for PTSD and 31% for depression (also conditional probabilities). Unfortunately, Steel et al. (2009) did not indicate any value for the area of overlap or the comorbidity. If one compares the conditional probability for PTSD in the refugee samples with other conditional probabilities following traumatic events from other studies, 30% is high, but not the highest value (cf. Maercker, Forstmeier, Wagner, Glaesmer, &
Hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor of the testis

A case of testicular yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) consisting predominantly of hepatoid cells is documented. A mass measuring approximately 4 × 3 cm was noted in the left testis of a 64‐year‐old man. Preoperative examination revealed an elevated serum level of α‐fetoprotein (5479 ng/mL). Histologically, the lesion was composed predominantly of sheet‐like or trabecular proliferation of hepatocyte‐like cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for α‐fetoprotein, antimitochondrial antibody, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, α‐1‐antitrypsin, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. It was necessary to distinguish this variant lesion from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and hepatoid carcinoma.
Assessing the Scope of Immigrant Organizations

We examine the official scope and actual coverage of immigrant civil society in seven California cities using a widely employed 501(c)3 database. First, we code immigrant organizations in official data and compare their number and proportion with population statistics; we find substantially fewer immigrant organizations than we would expect. Second, we measure the organizational undercount of immigrant civil society by calculating the number of publicly present immigrant organizations not captured in official data. We do this for four immigrant-origin communities (Indian, Mexican, Portuguese, and Vietnamese) using 160 key informant interviews and extensive examination of directories and media (ethnic and mainstream). We find a notable undercount, which varies by city and immigrant group. Considering both underrepresentation and undercounts, Mexican-origin organizations seem at a particular disadvantage. Our findings carry important implications for resource inequalities and advocacy capacity in minority communities, underscoring the need for further research on the vitality of immigrant civil society.
Navigating in an unknown land: Post adoption contexts of children adopted from China

Abstract This qualitative/ethnographic study investigated how children adopted from China construct their identities. The authors describe the subtle interaction of home, school, and community cultures that influenced these children's identity formation. Focusing on the children, the researchers followed 13 adoptive families over the course of 16 months. The setting for the study was in several metropolitan areas of the American Midwest. Children's post adoption experiences, family life, schooling, and Adopted Children from China (ACC) activities became a window for viewing many of the core issues in constructing cultural identity. Children in this study actively negotiated their identities in various social contexts.
These disruptive times: rethinking critical educational leadership

This special issue is framed against a backdrop of rapid transformation in politics, business and education, the global financial crisis, global warming and major shifts in government in the USA, England, Australia and the Middle East. Its focus is on critical educational leadership as a tool for scholarship and practice at a time of rapid social, political and economic change. This special issue poses the question: at a time of major transformations to the political, social, economic and educational landscapes, what are the implications for rethinking critical educational leadership as a tool for (disruptive) scholarship and practice? It takes as its theme, ‘these disruptive times’, in order to capture the possibilities that may flow when previously taken-for-granted ideologies embedded in ‘common sense’ assumptions (such as the neoliberal framing of policies, practices and discourses characteristic of many anglophone government and economic institutions over the past two decades) are exposed to debate, scrutiny and contention. INT. J. LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION, 2013