Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Insulin‐Sensitizing Thiazolidinedione, Which Minimally Activates PPARγ, Does Not Cause Bone Loss

Rosiglitazone is an insulin‐sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) that activates the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Although rosiglitazone effectively treats type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it carries substantial complications, including increased fracture risk. This predisposition to fracture is consistent with the fact that PPARγ preferentially promotes formation of adipocytes at the cost of osteoblasts. Rosiglitazone‐activated PPARγ, however, also stimulates osteoclast formation. A new TZD analog with low affinity for binding and activation of PPARγ but whose insulin‐sensitizing properties mirror those of rosiglitazone has been recently developed. Because of its therapeutic implications, we investigated the effects of this new TZD analog (MSDC‐0602) on skeletal homeostasis, in vitro and in vivo. Confirming it activates the nuclear receptor in osteoclasts, rosiglitazone enhances expression of the PPARγ target gene, CD36. MSDC‐0602, in contrast, minimally activates PPARγ and does not alter CD36 expression in the bone‐resorptive cells. Consistent with this finding, rosiglitazone increases receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation and number, whereas MSDC‐0602 fails to do so. To determine if this new TZD analog is bone sparing, in vivo, we fed adult male C57BL/6 mice MSDC‐0602 or rosiglitazone. Six months of a rosiglitazone diet results in a 35% decrease in bone mass with increased number of osteoclasts, whereas that of MSDC‐0602–fed mice is indistinguishable from control. Thus, PPARγ sparing eliminates the skeletal side effects of TZDs while maintaining their insulin‐sensitizing properties. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Domain-wall trapping and control on submicron magnetic wire by localized field

We propose a new method of domain-wall trapping on submicron magnetic wires. In our proposal, trapping is accomplished by placing a submicron magnetic bar in the vicinity of the magnetic wire. The stray field from the bar can either aid or hinder the motion of the domain wall, and thus lead to the capture of a domain wall on the wire. Samples are fabricated on silicon wafers by means of electron-beam lithography. Supermalloy is used for both the wire and the magnetic bar. The trapping of a domain wall is confirmed by both magnetic force microscopy and magnetoresistance measurement. The trapping process is understood by means of micromagnetic simulations as well. The width of the magnetic wire influences the trapping-field range of the domain walls. Simulation and experimental results indicate that for the same strength of the localized field, domain walls trapped on narrower wire require larger releasing field for depinning. Trapping domain walls by this method requires no lithographic constrictions on the magnetic wire, which provides a new prospect for the study of current-induced domain-wall motion and other magnetic devices.
Different Domains Cooperate to Target the Human Ribosomal L7a Protein to the Nucleus and to the Nucleoli*

The human ribosomal protein L7a is a component of the major ribosomal subunit. We transiently expressed in HeLa cells L7a-β-galactosidase fusion proteins and studied their subcellular localization by indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti-β-galactosidase antibodies. We have identified three distinct domains responsible for the nuclear targeting of the protein: domain I, amino acids 23-51; domain II, amino acids 52-100; domain III, amino acids 101-220, each of which contains at least one nuclear localization signal (NLS). Through subcellular localization analysis of deletion mutants of L7a-β-galactosidase chimeras, we demonstrate that domain II plays a special role because it is necessary, although not sufficient, to target the chimeric β-galactosidase to the nucleoli. In fact, we demonstrate that the nucleolar targeting process requires the presence of domain II plus an additional basic domain that can be represented by an NLS or a basic stretch of amino acids without NLS activity. Thus, when multiple NLS are present, each NLS exerts distinct functions. Domain II drives nucleolar accumulation of a reporter protein with the cooperative action of a short basic amino acid sequence, suggesting a mechanism requiring protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions.
In Skeletal Muscle, Glucose Storage and Oxidation Are Differentially Impaired by the IR1152 Mutant Receptor*

L6 myotubes expressing the constitutively active Arg1152→Gln insulin receptor (L61152) featured a 31% increased glucose consumption as compared with L6 cells expressing wild-type receptors (L6WT). However, insulin treatment decreased glucose consumption of the mutant cells by 20% while increasing that of the L6WT by 30%. In the L6WT, insulin elicited a significant increase in glucose transport and GLUT1 and GLUT4 plasma membrane expression, while in the L61152, all of these functions were constitutively activated and not further stimulated by insulin. Similarly, glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity were increased by 80 and 125%, respectively, in the L61152 versus the L6WT and unaffected by insulin (while a 2-fold increase was measured in insulin-exposed L6WT). Glucose oxidation and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity were also 25% higher in the mutant compared with the L6WT. However, in the L61152, both functions decreased by 35% in response to insulin (while increasing by 60 and 80%, respectively, in the L6WT). Similarly as in the L61152, in vivo, forearm glucose uptake in IR1152 patients was 2-fold higher than in control subjects. This difference was not accounted for by higher plasma glucose levels. We conclude that, in skeletal muscle, glucose storage and oxidation are differentially impaired by the expression of IR1152, suggesting that their regulation by insulin involves divergent signaling pathways. Muscle expression of IR1152 may contribute to impairing glucose tolerance in IR1152 individuals.
Pseudosarcomatous Myofibroblastic Proliferations of the Bladder: A Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Cases

Inflammatory pseudotumor or pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule of the bladder are unusual lesions of uncertain pathogenesis which share overlapping, if not identical, histologic features. We present our experience with 42 cases, the largest series to date, to study the etio-pathogenesis, histologic features, biologic behavior and relationship to “inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor” of childhood. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 77 years (mean 47 y) and males predominated (3.2:1). Most patients presented with hematuria (31/42). Common associations were smoking (10/30) and previous instrumentation or surgery (9/42). The clinicopathologic features of patients having or not having prior instrumentation were identical. Grossly the lesions were polypoid or nodular and involved any portion of bladder wall, most commonly the dome (9/27) and measured 1 to 10 cm (mean 4 cm). They were composed of spindled and stellate cells arranged in a myxoid background with numerous inflammatory cells. Myxoid hypocellular areas were more pronounced near the mucosal surface with greater cellularity and a fascicular arrangement in the deep aspect of the lesion. “Atypical” features included mitotic activity (0 to 20/10 HPF; mean 2/10 HPF; median 1/10 HPF; none atypical), necrosis (22/42), and extension into muscularis propria (28/32) or perivesicular fat (3/8). Lesions were positive for cytokeratin (31/33), SMA (23/34), desmin (21/35), and Alk-1 protein (12/26). FISH confirmed the Alk-1 translocation in 4/6 cases. Treatment included transurethral resection (30/42), partial cystectomy (9/42), and total cystectomy (3/42). Initial diagnostic error resulted in radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 3 patients. Follow-up was available in 28 patients. (range 3to 93 mo; median 25 mo). Three patients developed recurrences, but none had metastases. Because the clinicopathologic features of lesions associated with and without instrumentation were similar and inseparable, we believe they are essentially the same entity, and propose the term pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation. The preponderance of evidence which includes the extravesical growth, local recurrence, and Alk-1 gene translocation in some cases suggests perhaps a neoplastic process with limited growth potential. Even in the face of atypical histologic features (muscle invasion and necrosis) the prognosis is excellent. Despite the Alk-1 gene translocation, there continues to be sufficient evidence for regarding these as distinct from the so-called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of childhood.
How to write a pattern?: a rough guide for first-time pattern authors

Pattern writing is a creative, iterative process. For new pattern authors, however, it is often not obvious where to start and how to proceed. Although well-written patterns typically follow a strict format, the number of available formats push first-time authors right at the start to choose a specific format without knowing its advantages and liabilities. Furthermore, new pattern authors are often not aware that the order in which a pattern is published typically is not the best order in which to write the pattern. Done the right way, writing a pattern often creates unforeseen insight into a domain one was sure to know very well. The pattern structure encourages you to think more deeply about the actual problem that the pattern solves and what consequences arise by applying the solution. And by following an iterative approach you gain new insights in each cycle. This paper aims at smoothing the learning curve of pattern writing by proposing a step-by-step guide that enables you to write a pattern in a simple but complete format. The goal is to enable you to submit your pattern to a pattern conference. The paper is divided into two parts. Part I is a warming-up. It presents the transcript of a conversation about a pattern and shows how knowledge of a fascinating solution slowly transforms into a pattern. Part II contains the actual step-by-step guide how to write a pattern.
Assessment of short-term verbal memory impairments in adolescents and adults with ADHD

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a brief measure of verbal memory can assess short-term verbal memory impairments relative to verbal abilities in adolescents and adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to ascertain whether significant differences between short-term verbal memory and verbal abilities are more common among persons with ADHD than in the general population. One hundred seventy-six adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) were assessed with a measure of short-term verbal memory. The short-term verbal memory score of each subject was compared with the verbal abilities on two measures. Percentages of ADHD subjects with “significant discrepancy” between verbal IQ and short-term verbal memory were compared with the standardization sample for the verbal memory measure. A majority of adolescents and adults diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated significant discrepancy between performance on the short-term verbal memory measure and verbal IQ. The percentage of ADHD subjects with a significant discrepancy between these two measures greatly exceeded the percentage of persons in the general population showing such a discrepancy. This brief measure of short-term verbal memory may be a useful measure to include in a comprehensive assessment for ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults. Replication in other groups of ADHD patients is needed to test the generalizability of the findings.
Risk of incident ischemic stroke according to the metabolic health and obesity states in the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort

Background Whether obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the absence of metabolic comorbidities remains under debate. Indeed, some obese individuals may be at low risk of metabolic-related complications, while normal-weight individuals may not be “healthy. ” Aims To assess the incidence of ischemic stroke according to the metabolic health and obesity states of 5171 participants from the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort. Methods A Cox proportional-hazard analysis was conducted to estimate the hazard ratio and their 95% confidence interval of stroke according to the metabolic health and obesity states based on TyG index and Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria, during 9.1 years of follow-up. Results After 50,056.2 person-years of follow-up, 162 subjects developed an ischemic stroke (incidence rate 3.23 per 1000 person-years). Metabolically healthy obese subjects did not show greater risk of stroke, while metabolically unhealthy participants, obese and non-obese, had an increased risk of stroke, compared with healthy non-obese. The hazard ratios for the multivariable adjusted model were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.36–1.77) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.57–2.21), respectively. Conclusions Metabolically unhealthy individuals exhibited a greater risk of ischemic stroke than metabolically healthy obese individuals.
Does sports club participation contribute to health-related quality of life?

UNLABELLED Given the social nature of participation in sport, we hypothesized that club sports participants would have greater well-being and quality of life than participants in other forms of physical activity (PA). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in women who participate in three contrasting forms of PA: club sport, gym activities, and walking. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of the relationship between type of PA setting and measures of health-related quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) and life satisfaction in 818 women living in rural Victoria, Australia, in 2007. Data were also compared with those from a normative sample of 2345 women. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders (age, education, marital status, children aged <16 yr, perceived financial stress, and level of recreational PA), four of the eight SF-36 subscales, the SF-36 mental health component summary score, and life satisfaction were significantly higher in the club sport group than that in the other groups. CONCLUSION Although cross-sectional research cannot establish causal links, the results suggest that participation in club sport may enhance the health benefits of PA.
Alterations in sulfated chondroitin glycosaminoglycans following controlled cortical impact injury in mice

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play a pivotal role in many neuronal growth mechanisms including axon guidance and the modulation of repair processes following injury to the spinal cord or brain. Many actions of CSPGs in the central nervous system (CNS) are governed by the specific sulfation pattern on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to CSPG core proteins. To elucidate the role of CSPGs and sulfated GAG chains following traumatic brain injury (TBI), controlled cortical impact injury of mild to moderate severity was performed over the left sensory motor cortex in mice. Using immunoblotting and immunostaining, we found that TBI resulted in an increase in the CSPGs neurocan and NG2 expression in a tight band surrounding the injury core, which overlapped with the presence of 4‐sulfated CS GAGs but not with 6‐sulfated GAGs. This increase was observed as early as 7 days post injury (dpi), and persisted for up to 28 dpi. Labeling with markers against microglia/macrophages, NG2+ cells, fibroblasts, and astrocytes showed that these cells were all localized in the area, suggesting multiple origins of chondroitin‐4‐sulfate increase. TBI also caused a decrease in the expression of aggrecan and phosphacan in the pericontusional cortex with a concomitant reduction in the number of perineuronal nets. In summary, we describe a dual response in CSPGs whereby they may be actively involved in complex repair processes following TBI. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3295–3313, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012: design and coverage].

OBJECTIVE To describe the design and population coverage of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (NHNS 2012). MATERIALS AND METHODS The design of the NHNS 2012 is reported, as a probabilistic population based survey with a multi-stage and stratified sampling, as well as the sample inferential properties, the logistical procedures, and the obtained coverage. RESULTS Household response rate for the NHNS 2012 was 87%, completing data from 50,528 households, where 96 031 individual interviews selected by age and 14,104 of ambulatory health services users were also obtained. CONCLUSION The probabilistic design of the NHNS 2012 as well as its coverage allowed to generate inferences about health and nutrition conditions, health programs coverage, and access to health services. Because of their complex designs, all estimations from the NHNS 2012 must use the survey design: weights, primary sampling units, and stratus variables.
Selective Chemical Sensing Using Structurally Colored Core-Shell Colloidal Crystal Films

We demonstrate for the first time selective sensing of multiple vapors at low concentrations based on the structurally colored colloidal crystal film formed from composite core/shell nanospheres. Since color changes of sensing colloidal crystal films are negligible at relatively low vapor partial pressures (P/P0 < 0.1), a straightforward detection of color changes cannot be applied. To overcome this limitation, we apply a differential spectroscopy measurement approach coupled with the multivariate analysis of differential reflectance spectra. The vapor-sensing selectivity is provided by the combination of the composite nature of the colloidal nanospheres in the film with the multivariate analysis of the spectral changes of the film reflectivity upon exposure to different vapors. The multianalyte sensing was demonstrated using a colloidal crystal film comprised of 326-nm diameter core polystyrene nanospheres coated with a 20-nm thick sol-gel shell. Discrimination of water, acetonitrile, toluene, and dichloromethane vapors using a single sensing colloidal crystal film was evaluated applying principal components analysis (PCA) of the reflectivity spectra. The polar and nonpolar vapors at different relative vapor partial pressures were well separated in PCA space. The best selectivity was obtained between toluene and dichloromethane vapors, while water and acetonitrile vapors were almost unresolved. Achieved detection limits were within the range of interest or better than those needed for determinations of these vapors for industrial applications.
Tranexamic Acid for Lower GI Hemorrhage: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Lower GI hemorrhage is a common source of morbidity and mortality. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic that has been shown to reduce blood loss in a variety of clinical conditions. Information regarding the use of tranexamic acid in treating lower GI hemorrhage is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this trial was to determine the clinical efficacy of tranexamic acid when used for lower GI hemorrhage. DESIGN: This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral university hospital in Australia. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients aged >18 years with lower GI hemorrhage requiring hospital admission from November 2011 to January 2014 were screened for trial eligibility (N = 265). INTERVENTIONS: A total of 100 patients were recruited after exclusions and were randomly assigned 1:1 to either tranexamic acid or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was blood loss as determined by reduction in hemoglobin levels. The secondary outcomes were transfusion rates, transfusion volume, intervention rates for bleeding, length of hospital stay, readmission, and complication rates. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups with respect to hemoglobin drop (11 g/L of tranexamic acid vs 13 g/L of placebo; p = 0.9445). There was no difference with respect to transfusion rates (14/49 tranexamic acid vs 16/47 placebo; p = 0.661), mean transfusion volume (1.27 vs 1.93 units; p = 0.355), intervention rates (7/49 vs 13/47; p = 0.134), length of hospital stay (4.67 vs 4.74 d; p = 0.934), readmission, or complication rates. No complications occurred as a direct result of tranexamic acid use. LIMITATIONS: A larger multicenter trial may be required to determine whether there are more subtle advantages with tranexamic acid use in some of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Tranexamic acid does not appear to decrease blood loss or improve clinical outcomes in patients presenting with lower GI hemorrhage in the context of this trial. see Video Abstract at http://links.lww. com/DCR/A453.
How Futures Trading Changed Bitcoin Prices

From Bitcoin? s inception in 2009 through mid-2017, its price remained under $4,000. In the second half of 2017, it climbed dramatically to nearly $20,000, but descended rapidly starting in mid-December. The peak price coincided with the introduction of bitcoin futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The rapid run-up and subsequent fall in the price after the introduction of futures does not appear to be a coincidence. Rather, it is consistent with trading behavior that typically accompanies the introduction of futures markets for an asset.
Temporal expression of heat shock genes during cold stress and recovery from chill coma in adult Drosophila melanogaster

A common physiological response of organisms to environmental stresses is the increase in expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). In insects, this process has been widely examined for heat stress, but the response to cold stress has been far less studied. In the present study, we focused on 11 Drosophila melanogaster Hsp genes during the stress exposure and recovery phases. The temporal gene expression of adults was analyzed during 9 h of cold stress at 0 °C and during 8 h of recovery at 25 °C. Increased expression of some, but not all, Hsp genes was elicited in response to cold stress. The transcriptional activity of Hsp genes was not modulated during the cold stress, and peaks of expression occurred during the recovery phase. On the basis of their response, we consider that Hsp60, Hsp67Ba and Hsc70‐1 are not cold‐inducible, whereas Hsp22, Hsp23, Hsp26, Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp68, Hsp70Aa and Hsp83 are induced by cold. This study suggests the importance of the recovery phase for repairing chilling injuries, and highlights the need to further investigate the contributions of specific Hsp genes to thermal stress responses. Parallels are drawn between the stress response networks resulting from heat and cold stress.
Morphing cluster dynamics: time series clustering with multipartite graph

A new time series clustering algorithm named morphing cluster dynamics is put forward. This algorithm can capture two levels of inter-time-series interaction behavior among a large set of time series: (i) group level, which includes the merges and splits of clusters, and (ii) individual-to-group level, such as a time series joins or leaves a cluster. In order to do so, it first reduces the TS set into a system morphing graph, a multipartite graph is employed to represent the latent interactions, and then extract strong interaction patterns from this graph. A system morphing graph is built by three steps: firstly, the input time series set is divided into sets of segments along the time line, and each segment set serves as a partite of the graph; then, each segment set is clustered and the resulting clusters serves as the vertices in the graph; third, the edges are built according to member-sharing relationships between clusters. System morphing graphs can model the captured TS interactions. Because this algorithm both cuts and concatenates time series, it does not fit into either whole clustering or subsequence clustering.