Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Novel Power Curve Monitoring Method for Wind Turbines and Its Field Tests

A novel power curve monitoring method for wind turbines was developed to prevent a turbine failure in a wind farm. Compared with the existing methods, this algorithm automatically calculates the power curve limits for power curve monitoring, even when a considerable number of abnormal data are included in wind speed-output power data measured at a wind turbine. In addition, the proposed algorithm automatically generates an alarm message when the wind speed-power data measured at the wind turbine deviate from the power curve limits, particularly considering their degree of deviation from the power curve limits and the cases when the measured data hover between the Warning Zones and the Alarm Zones. We confirmed its effectiveness through its field tests.
Characteristics of Integrated RF Transformers on GaAs Substrate

Stacked transformers, coupling stacked transformers, interleave transformers and symmetrical transformers on GaAs substrate are systematically studied in this paper. Two kinds stacked transformer are under study. One has the symmetrical electric property while the other one has a better quality factor for the primary port. The stack transformers have achieved the highest coupling coefficient (~0.9) at the cost of lower self-resonance frequency. The interleave transformers have the identical electric properties for the primary and the secondary ports. However, the layout is incompatible with the differential operation. On the other hand, the symmetrical transformer is compatible with the differential operation and can have the center-tapped biasing option. The data established here provide a useful design library for the GaAs RFIC.
Functional Identification of Valerena-1,10-diene Synthase, a Terpene Synthase Catalyzing a Unique Chemical Cascade in the Biosynthesis of Biologically Active Sesquiterpenes in Valeriana officinalis*

Background: Therapeutic values of Valeriana officinalis have been associated with sesquiterpenes whose biosynthetic origins have remained enigmatic. Results: A cyclobutenyl intermediate in the catalytic cascade of valerena-1,10-diene synthase is reported. Conclusion: A new class of sesquiterpene synthases for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes harboring isobutenyl functional groups is proposed. Significance: Similar catalytic mechanisms from evolutionarily diverse organisms are proposed and portend sources for sesquiterpene diversity. Valerian is an herbal preparation from the roots of Valeriana officinalis used as an anxiolytic and sedative and in the treatment of insomnia. The biological activities of valerian are attributed to valerenic acid and its putative biosynthetic precursor valerenadiene, sesquiterpenes, found in V. officinalis roots. These sesquiterpenes retain an isobutenyl side chain whose origin has been long recognized as enigmatic because a chemical rationalization for their biosynthesis has not been obvious. Using recently developed metabolomic and transcriptomic resources, we identified seven V. officinalis terpene synthase genes (VoTPSs), two that were functionally characterized as monoterpene synthases and three that preferred farnesyl diphosphate, the substrate for sesquiterpene synthases. The reaction products for two of the sesquiterpene synthases exhibiting root-specific expression were characterized by a combination of GC-MS and NMR in comparison to the terpenes accumulating in planta. VoTPS7 encodes for a synthase that biosynthesizes predominately germacrene C, whereas VoTPS1 catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to valerena-1,10-diene. Using a yeast expression system, specific labeled [13C]acetate, and NMR, we investigated the catalytic mechanism for VoTPS1 and provide evidence for the involvement of a caryophyllenyl carbocation, a cyclobutyl intermediate, in the biosynthesis of valerena-1,10-diene. We suggest a similar mechanism for the biosynthesis of several other biologically related isobutenyl-containing sesquiterpenes.
A life‐cycle approach to species barriers

What maintains reproductive barriers between closely related species is, of course, of fundamental interest to a closer understanding of the mechanisms that generate new biodiversity. One important dichotomy is to separate barriers evolved from divergent selection over environmental gradients (extrinsic barriers) from barriers caused by incompatibilities between different genetic arrangements that may have evolved in isolation (intrinsic barriers). This dichotomy also reflects an important applied consequence. As the extrinsic barriers are associated with specific environmental contexts, they may be partly or completely erased if the environment changes. In contrast, intrinsic barriers are inert to the environmental context and resistant to environmental changes. From a conservation biology perspective, it may thus be important to be able to separate extrinsic and intrinsic species barriers, but this may in many organisms be a complex matter. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Montecinos et al. ( ) found a tractable approach that works for species with life cycles that include two reproductive but ecologically similar generations, one haploid and the other diploid. What they demonstrate is that using a life‐cycle approach offers a unique possibility to separate between prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. Indeed, in the case of an isomorphic life cycle, there is even a possibility to suggest whether postzygotic barriers are more likely to be intrinsic or extrinsic. In this way, their approach may be useful both to increase our understanding of the basic mechanisms of speciation and to single out when species barriers will better resist environmental changes.
Development and Application of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Ozone Retrieval Products for Operational Meteorology

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center has worked closely with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R series and the Joint Polar Satellite System Proving Grounds to develop and transition unique ozone products derived from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) ozone retrievals to the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC). These products were developed to aid identification of stratospheric air and enhance situational awareness of rapid cyclogenesis and hurricane-force wind events during which stratospheric air may play a key role. OPC forecasters have used the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Meteosat Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager red, green, blue (RGB) air mass imagery to identify regions of stratospheric air for their unique weather forecasting challenges; however, the qualitative nature of the new RGB product facilitated a need for quantitative products to enhance forecaster confidence in the RGB air mass imagery. To enhance forecaster interpretation and confidence in the RGB air mass imagery, SPoRT created the total column ozone and ozone anomaly products from hyperspectral infrared sounder ozone retrievals. AIRS Version 6 Level-2 ozone retrievals were utilized to create hourly ozone products over a northwest hemisphere domain. An example case study from February 24-27, 2014, shows the utility of the ozone products in enhancing interpretation of the RGB air mass imagery for anticipating rapid cyclogenesis and hurricane-force winds in the North Atlantic.
The Energy-GDP Nexus in EU Countries

The neutrality hypothesis between the energy consumption and the economic activity is examined for the panel of EU-27 countries and selected sub-panels. The causality runs from the energy consumption to the GDP for the EU-27, but the causality from the GDP to the energy consumption cannot be confirmed. The evidence therefore speaks for the rejection of the neutrality hypothesis in favor of the growth hypothesis. These results differ between the original (EU-15) and the new EU member countries (EU-12). In the original member countries, there is a tendency to increase the economic growth with the energy consumption savings. In the new member countries a negative impact of the energy consumption savings on the economic growth is found. Examining the sectoral energy consumption, the main drivers of the causality in the relationship are identified as the residential sector, industry and services. The residential energy consumption savings appear to increase the economic growth in both original and new member countries. But the role of the energy consumption savings in the industrial and services sectors differ across the groups. For the industrial sector, the energy consumption savings increase economic growth in the original member countries. In the new member countries, energy conservation might hinder the economic growth. In services, the energy consumption does not seem to have an impact in the original member countries, while in the new member countries the savings in energy consumption seem to degrade the economic growth. the energy conservation policies might be beneficial for the more developed countries of EU-15, but not for the less developed countries of EU-12.
The correction of coagulometer effects on international normalized ratios: a multicentre evaluation

One hundred and twenty‐nine centres in the U.K. participated in a study to test the reliability of the three methods of correction for coagulometer effects on international normalized ratios (INR). Results from 37 centres which tested three warfarinized plasmas by the manual method were taken as the ‘true’INR for the assessment of coagulometers. 63 centres (11 manual and 52 using coagulometers) determined their local International Sensitivity Index (ISI) in a calibration exercise. This was performed with a set of 20 lyophilized plasma calibrants with certified manual prothrombin times for the thromboplastin used in the study.
RECENT HOST RANGE EXPANSION OF CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS AND VARIATION IN ITS RECEPTOR, THE SIGNALING LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION MOLECULE, IN CARNIVORES

Abstract The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is a receptor for morbilliviruses. To understand the recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus (CDV) in carnivores, we determined the nucleotide sequences of SLAMs of various carnivores and generated three-dimensional homology SLAM models. Thirty-four amino acid residues were found for the candidates binding to CDV on the interface of the carnivore SLAMs. SLAM of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were similar to those of other members of the suborder Caniformia, indicating that the animals in this group have similar sensitivity to dog CDV. However, they were different at nine positions from those of felids. Among the nine residues, four of domestic cat (Felis catus) SLAM (72, 76, 82, and 129) and three of lion (Panthera leo persica) SLAM (72, 82, and 129) were associated with charge alterations, suggesting that the felid interfaces have lower affinities to dog CDV. Only the residue at 76 was different between domestic cat and lion SLAM interfaces. The domestic cat SLAM had threonine at 76, whereas the lion SLAM had arginine, a positively charged residue like that of the dog SLAM. The cat SLAM with threonine is likely to have lower affinity to CDV-H and to confer higher resistance against dog CDV. Thus, the four residues (72, 76, 82, and 129) on carnivore SLAMs are important for the determination of affinity and sensitivity with CDV. Additionally, the CDV-H protein of felid strains had a substitution of histidine for tyrosine at 549 of dog CDV-H and may have higher affinity to lion SLAM. Three-dimensional model construction is a new risk assessment method of morbillivirus infectivity. Because the method is applicable to animals that have no information about virus infection, it is especially useful for morbillivirus risk assessment and wildlife conservation.
Numerical simulation Of 2D bend-flows with WENO schemes

This paper is concerned with a mathematical model for simulating hydrodynamics of 2D Bend-Flows with the WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) scheme and the Finite Volume Method on unstructured grids. The time discretization uses the Runge-Kutta TVD scheme. By using the proposed model, we calculated the flow property in a Bend river, and obtained the flow velocity field distributions. The comparisons of the calculated results and the measured data show that the WENO scheme has higher accuracy and better stability, and has the ability to automatically capture shock waves, and may suppress the oscillations of numerical solution. This model can effectively simulate the hydrodynamics of 2D river flows with irregular boundaries.
Social learning in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and adult humans (Homo sapiens) on a two-action artificial fruit.

An artificial fruit (AF) was used to test for social learning in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and adult humans (Homo sapiens). A monkey demonstrator opened the AF, showing alternative methods to 2 groups of cage mates. Video films of the monkey demonstrations were presented to adult humans. Compared with chimpanzees and children, the macaques watched the demonstrations significantly less and in a much more sporadic manner. They also produced only very weak and transitory evidence of social learning. In contrast, the adult humans performed as one might expect of optimum imitators, even producing evidence of components of a "ratchet effect. "
Binding in agrammatic aphasia: Processing to comprehension

Background: Theories of comprehension deficits in Broca's aphasia have largely been based on the pattern of deficit found with movement constructions. However, some studies have found comprehension deficits with binding constructions, which do not involve movement. Aims: This study investigates online processing and offline comprehension of binding constructions, such as reflexive (e.g., himself) and pronoun (e.g., him) constructions in unimpaired and aphasic individuals in an attempt to evaluate theories of agrammatic comprehension. Methods & Procedures: Participants were eight individuals with agrammatic Broca's aphasia and eight age-matched unimpaired individuals. We used eyetracking to examine online processing of binding constructions while participants listened to stories. Offline comprehension was also tested. Outcomes & Results: The eye movement data showed that individuals with Broca's aphasia were able to automatically process the correct antecedent of reflexives and pronouns. In addition, their syntactic processing of binding was not delayed compared to normal controls. Nevertheless, offline comprehension of both pronouns and reflexives was significantly impaired compared to the control participants. This comprehension failure was reflected in the aphasic participants' eye movements at sentence end, where fixations to the competitor increased. Conclusions: These data suggest that comprehension difficulties with binding constructions seen in agrammatic aphasic patients are not due to a deficit in automatic syntactic processing or delayed processing. Rather, they point to a possible deficit in lexical integration.
Arm and hand skills: Training preferences after stroke

Purpose. An increasing demand for training after stroke has brought about the need to develop rehabilitation technology. This article reports an inquiry into skill preferences of persons after stroke regarding arm–hand training and examines the relationship between the use of the affected arm and the patient's training preference. Method. Data collection involved a semi-structured interview of 20 persons in the subacute and 20 persons in the chronic stage after stroke, based on an adaptation of the motor activity log. Results. Subacute and chronic patients after stroke agreed on seven out of 10 most preferred training skills. Patient preferences related mostly to ‘manipulation in combination with positioning’ and ‘manipulation’. Eight motivation aspects for skill training were identified as being important. A positive correlation was found between skill preference scores and use of the impaired arm (r = 0.64) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study has resulted in an inventory of skills that persons after stroke prefer to train on. This list can be used for implementation of exercises in rehabilitation technology. Motivation for skill training pertains to optimising participation level, rather than function or activity level. This study suggests that client-centred assessment is advocated to set therapy goals that match patient training preferences.
Estimation of Winding Resistance and PM Flux-Linkage in Brushless AC Machines by Reduced-Order Extended Kalman Filter

Simplified reduced-order extended Kalman filter (EKF) models for a surface-mounted permanent magnet brushless AC motor are developed to estimate its winding resistance and flux-linkage due to permanent magnets, and potentially, the stator winding and rotor magnet temperature rises. Two reduced-order EKF models are presented based on the sensorless and sensored operation of rotor position and speed, respectively, and the corresponding simulated results are compared. Excellent agreement is achieved between the estimated and actual values.
Brain Activity Associated with Syntactic Incongruencies in Words and Pseudo-Words

Event-related brain potentials (EMS) were recorded while normal German subjects read either simple declarative sen- tences made up from real German words, or sentences that contained German pseudo-words instead of nouns and verbs. The verb (pseudo-verb) of the sentences disagreed in number with the subject noun (pseudo-noun) in 50% of the sentences. The subjects had the task either to read the sentences for an interspersed memory test (memory condition, pseudeword sentences only) or to make a syntactic judgment after each real-word/pseudo-word sentence. While in the real-word condition a late and widespread positivity resembling the previously described syntactic positive shift was found for the disagreeing verbs, a negativity with an onset latency of about 300 msec was seen for the disagreeing pseudo-verbs. In the pseudo-word conditions no positivity followed the initial negativity. This dissociation of negative and positive waves occurring in response to morphosyntactic mismatches by the pseudo/real-word manipulation suggests that the positive shift is a concomitant of a recomputation routine initiated to account for the number incongruency. This routine is based upon the semantics of the sentence and therefore is not observed in the pseudo-word conditions. The earlier negativity, on the other hand, appears to be a more direct index of morphosyntactic incongruency.
Capacity of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis

Treponema pallidum (Nichols) was extracted from infected rabbit tissue, and cell lysates were prepared for monitoring thymidine kinase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activities. No thymidine kinase could be demonstrated in preparations of T. pallidum or the cultivable T. phagedenis biotype Reiter. Significant levels of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase were detected in both treponemal samples. Interestingly, comparisons of polymerase activity among a spectrum of bacterial genera revealed a direct correlation between enzyme concentrations and estimated generation time. Incorporation of [3H]uridine and [3H]thymidine into macromolecules by intact T. pallidum and the Reiter treponeme was examined. Selective ribonuclease-deoxyribonuclease digestion and cesium chloride gradient banding demonstrated that T. pallidum, independent of the host, and T. phagedenis were capable of synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid only from the [3H]-uridine precursor.
Job Satisfaction and Motivation in Banking Industry in Pakistan

The current research investigates the predictors of job satisfaction and motivation in banking industry of Pakistan. Data were collected from the 200 bankers of Middle and Upper management Level by using cross Sessional method, and randomly selected from 6 banks, which includes, Habib Bank Limited( HBL), Allied bank Limited (ABL), MCB Bank Limited (MCB), United Bank Limited(UBL), Bank Alfalah and Askari Bank Limited. A structural questionnaire was designed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that the positive and significant relationship between job characteristics and personal outcomes: job satisfaction (general satisfaction, growth satisfaction) and high internal work motivation. The multiple regression results also revealed that there was significant effect of job characteristics on personal outcomes.
Distinct roles of neuropilin 1 signaling for radial and tangential extension of callosal axons

Cortical excitatory neurons migrate from their origin in the ventricular zone (VZ) toward the pial surface. During migration, these neurons exhibit a stellate shape in the intermediate zone (IZ), transform into bipolar cells, and then initiate radial migration, extending a trailing process, which may lead to an axon. Here we examined the role of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in these developmental events. Both NRP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the IZ, where stellate‐shaped cells were located. DiI labeling experiments showed that neuronal migration occurred normally in Nrp1 mutant mice up to embryonic day (E) 14.5, the latest day to which the mutant survives, with only subtle axonal defasciculation. However, interference with Nrp1 signaling at a later stage caused pathfinding errors: when a dominant negative form of Nrp1 was electroporated into the cortical VZ cells at E12.5 or E15.5 and examined perinatally, guidance errors were found in tangential axonal extension toward the midline. In contrast, no significant effect was noted on the migration of cortical excitatory neurons. These findings indicate that NRP1 plays an important role in the guidance of callosal axons originating from cortical excitatory neurons but does not support a role in their migration. Moreover, insofar as radial axonal extension within the cortical plate was unaffected, the present findings imply that molecular mechanisms for the axonal extension of excitatory neurons within the cortical plate are distinct from those in the white matter. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:215–225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomized open-label trial of two simplified, class-sparing regimens following a first suppressive three or four-drug regimen

Objectives:Complex antiretroviral regimens can be associated with increased toxicity and poor adherence. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of switching to two simplified, class-sparing antiretroviral regimens. Methods:We conducted a randomized, open-label study in 236 patients with virologic suppression who were taking a three- or four-drug protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen for ≥ 18 months. Patients received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) 533 mg/133 mg twice daily + efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg once daily or EFV + two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Primary study endpoint was time to first virologic failure (VF, confirmed HIV-1 RNA > 200 copies/ml) or discontinuation because of study drug-related toxicity. Results:After 2.1 years of follow up, patients receiving LPV/r + EFV discontinued treatment at a greater rate than patients receiving EFV + NRTI (P < 0.001). Twenty one patients developed VF (14 receiving LPV/r + EFV and seven receiving EFV + NRTI) and 26 discontinued because of a study drug-related toxicity (20 receiving LPV/r + EFV and six receiving EFV + NRTI). Time to VF or study drug related-toxicity discontinuation was significantly shorter for LPV/r + EFV than EFV + NRTIs (P = 0.0015). A significantly higher risk of drug-related toxicity occurred with LPV/r + EFV, mainly for increased triglycerides (P = 0021). A trend toward a higher VF rate occurred with LPV/r + EFV in an intent-to-treat and as-treated analyses (P = 0.088 and P = 0.063 respectively). Conclusions:Switching to EFV + NRTI resulted in better outcomes, fewer drug-related toxicity discontinuations and a trend to fewer virologic failures compared to switching to LPV/r + EFV.