Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Between Trust and Accountability: Different Perspectives on the Modernization of Postgraduate Medical Training in the Netherlands

Purpose Postgraduate medical training was reformed to be more responsive to changing societal needs. In the Netherlands, as in various other Western countries, a competency-based curriculum was introduced reflecting the clinical and nonclinical roles a modern doctor should fulfill. It is still unclear, however, what this modernization process exactly comprises and what its consequences might be for clinical practice and medical work. Method The authors conducted a Q methodological study to investigate which different perspectives exist on the modernization of postgraduate medical training among actors involved. Results The authors found four distinct perspectives, reflecting the different features of medical training. The accountability perspective stresses the importance of formal regulations within medical training and the monitoring of results in order to be more transparent and accountable to society. According to the educational perspective, medical training should be more formalized and directed at the educational process. The work–life balance perspective stresses the balance between a working life and a private life, as well as the changing professional relationship between staff members and residents. The trust-based perspective reflects the classic view of medical training in which role modeling and trust are considered most important. Conclusions The four perspectives on the modernization of postgraduate medical training show that various aspects of the modernization process are valued differently by stakeholders, highlighting important sources of agreement and disagreement between them. An important source of disagreement is diverging expectations of the role of physicians in modern medical practice.
Name-based push/pull message dissemination for disaster message board

In the aftermath of natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes and hurricanes), information dissemination to and from citizens and authorities often involves the use of mobile network services. They may do so to seek help, distribute critical information, and possibly to confirm the safety of relatives and friends. The traffic on the cellular network typically increases substantially in the aftermath of such disasters. The situation is further compounded by disruptions caused by damage to the network infrastructure and the non-availability of power. Networks are fragmented, and communication is intermittent and disruption prone. In this paper, we propose a name-based many-to-many communication service for such fragmented networks. The key feature of this service is an integration of several communication methods, such as push-based and pull-based. The service effectively supports a variety of network situations by leveraging the features of information-centric networks.
Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations. Major histocompatibility complex-restricted and -unrestricted B cell responses are mediated by distinct B cell subpopulations

The present study has evaluated the identity of the B cell subpopulations participating in T dependent antibody responses that differ in their requirements for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell recognition. In vitro responses of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed T cells and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-primed B cells were studied to both low and high concentrations of the antigen TNP-KLH. It was first demonstrated that for responses to low concentrations of TNP-KLH, (A × B)F(1) {arrow} parent(A) chimeric helper T cells were restricted in their ability to recognize parent(A) but not parent(B) H-2 determinants expressed by both B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC). In contrast, at higher antigen concentrations, helper T cells were not restricted in their interaction with B cells. It was then determined whether these observed differences in T cell recognition resulted from the activation of distinct B cell subpopulations with different activation requirements. At low concentrations of TNP-KLH it was demonstrated that Lyb-5(-) B cells were activated, and that it was thus the activation of the Lyb-5(-) subpopulation that required T cell recognition of B cell H-2 under these conditions. In contrast, responses to high concentration of antigen required the participation of Lyb-5(+) B cells, and these Lyb-5(+) B cells were activated by a pathway that required H-2- restricted T cell interaction with APC, but not with B cells. The findings presented here have demonstrated that Lyb-5(-) and Lyb-5(+) B cells constitute B cell subpopulations that differ significantly in their activation requirements for T cell-dependent antibody responses to TNP-KLH. In so doing, these findings have established that the function of genetic restrictions in immune response regulation is critically dependent upon the activation pathways employed by functionally distinct subpopulations of B, as well as T, lymphocytes.
Tunable Domain-Independent Event Extraction in the MIRA Framework

We describe the system of the PIKB team for BioNLP'09 Shared Task 1, which targets tunable domain-independent event extraction. Our approach is based on a three-stage classification: (1) trigger word tagging, (2) simple event extraction, and (3) complex event extraction. We use the MIRA framework for all three stages, which allows us to trade precision for increased recall by appropriately changing the loss function during training. We report results for three systems focusing on recall (R = 28.88%), precision (P = 65.58%), and F1-measure (F1 = 33.57%), respectively.
Compressed sensing using a Gaussian Scale Mixtures model in wavelet domain

Compressed Sensing (CS) theory has gained attention recently as an alternative to the current paradigm of sampling followed by compression. Early CS recovery techniques operated under the implicit assumption that the transform coefficients in the sparsity domain are independently distributed. Recent works, however, demonstrated that exploiting the statistical dependencies between transform coefficients can further improve the recovery performance of CS. In this paper, we propose the use of a Gaussian Scale Mixtures (GSM) model in CS. This model can efficiently exploit the statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients during CS recovery. The proposed model is incorporated into several recent CS techniques including Reweighted l1 minimization (RL1), Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS), and Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT). Experimental results show that the proposed method improves reconstruction quality for a given number of measurements or requires fewer measurements for a desired reconstruction quality.
Paper Special Section on Recent Development of Electromechanical Devices (selected Papers from Icec2006) Numerical Analyses of Electrical Contact Characteristics of Ybco Bulk

SUMMARY There are two interesting phenomena for the electrical contact characteristics of YBCO bulk. One is the transition between low and high contact resistance states at a threshold current value which is called a transfer current; the other is the forming reason of the residual resistance when the carrying current is lower than the transfer current. In this paper, an axial symmetric model is constructed to investigate these two phenomena. During the calculation, the thermal field, the electrical field and the self magnetic field are coupled with each other. The detailed fields' distributions are obtained. The calculation results are accordance with the experimental results. And some useful conclusions are drawn based on the numerical analyses.
Joint clipping and amplifying techniques for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

Multicarrier system such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are significantly affected by peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Many researchers introduce different techniques to reduce PAPR with tradeoffs of data rate loss and computations of approach. In some cases, the techniques of reduction may lead to increase average power of transmitted signal and degrades the BER performance at the receiver. Hence, proper design of PAPR reduction technique needs to be considered. In this paper, a combination of Clipping Peak and Amplifying Bottom (CPAB) is proposed. The peak of signal is clipped at a threshold A, while the bottom values of signal are amplified to threshold B. The clipping technique was widely accepted method to improve the PAPR statistics. Therefore, joint clipping with amplifying in CPAB will develop PAPR reduction. In addition, PAPR value depends on clipping and amplifying thresholds. The result shows that the clipping factor affected the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) performance more than the amplifying factor in CPAB technique. Thus, by properly select the threshold of A and B, better OFDM system performance is achieved with lower PAPR.
Quality Adaptation in P2P TV Based on Scalable Video Coding

Recently, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) techniques for Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) have attracted a lot of attention due to their high potential at improving the performance of today's multimedia systems. In this paper, we propose a novel concepts and mechanisms that enable the use of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) in Peer-to-Peer Television (P2PTV) system to achieve the quality adaptation. Using SVC, we have developed a two-stage quality adaptation algorithm that matches the video quality with available local and system resources. Key components with different our design options are presented and experimentally evaluated, with the objective of investigating benefits of network P2P in combination with SVC. We have carried out extensive experiments on real stream data to (i) evaluate the performance of our design in terms of adapted video stream SVC with available resources (ii) more robustness against high churn rates, heterogeneous peers, and flash crowd scenarios. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and bring us one step closer to real adaptive peer-to-peer streaming.
Volatility Modeling Using GARCH: Theory and Practice

This paper explains why a two-component GARCH model as proposed by Ding and Granger (1996) or Engle and Lee (1999) can be an ideal alternative model for practitioners in modeling stock return volatility. I show that the two-component GARCH model can easily capture the slow hyperbolic decay of the sample autocorrelation function for the absolute or squared returns that is commonly found in empirical data. Compared to the alternative long memory GARCH model, the two-component GARCH model is easy to estimate and implement.
A Hermite Interpolation Based Motion Vector Recovery Algorithm for H.264/AVC

Error Concealment is a very useful method to improve the video quality. It aims at using the maximum received video data to recover the lost information of the picture at the decoder. Lagrange interpolation algorithm is the most effective interpolation for error concealment while it lost some detail information. Hermite interpolation algorithm considers the change rate of the motion vector as well as the motion vector itself, which is more accurate. In this paper, we propose a novel method which uses hermite interpolation to predict the lost motion vectors. We take the change rate (derivative) of motion vector into account, and synthesizing the horizontal and vertical recovered motion vectors adaptively by the minimum distance method. The experimental result shows that our method achieves higher PSNR values than Lagrange interpolation.
Hedge fund investing : a practical approach to understanding investor motivation, manager profits, and fund performance

Preface vii Acknowledgments ix PART ONE Overview 1 CHAPTER 1 The Basics of Hedge Fund Investing 3 CHAPTER 2 Who Invests in Hedge Funds and Why? 37 CHAPTER 3 Industry Trends, Flows, and Characteristics 69 PART TWO Understanding the Strategies 89 CHAPTER 4 Global Macro Investing 91 CHAPTER 5 Long and Short Equity Strategies 115 CHAPTER 6 Fixed Income Relative Value and Credit Arbitrage Strategies 165 CHAPTER 7 Convertible Arbitrage Strategies 193 CHAPTER 8 Multistrategy Funds and Funds of Hedge Funds 211 PART THREE Evaluating Factors Influencing Individual Fund Risk and Reward 231 CHAPTER 9 Measuring Performance and Performance Persistence 233 CHAPTER 10 Impact of Fund Characteristics and Terms on Performance 255 CHAPTER 11 Performing Due Diligence on Specific Managers and Funds 271 CHAPTER 12 Evaluating the Roles of Service Providers 297 Conclusion 327 Glossary 329 Index 337
Intensional concepts in an object database model

There is a requirement for a stronger treatment of intentional concepts and more general inferential ability within database systems. A framework for achieving this will be described in terms of extensions to an object data model. The type Concept is introduced into the model as a subtype of Action. Intentional concepts may then be defined as filters or generators, depending on the nature of the defining formula. In either case, the dual action should be available—provided automatically by the system or explicitly by the user. Finally, sets and types are treated as special cases of extensional concepts, leading to a novel structure of the hierarchy of system types.
Cash Flow Diversion and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Russia

Using a unique set of data that contains 236 million banking transactions of 1.7 million Russian firms over the 2003 to 2004 period, I examine the use of "spacemen", short-lived special purpose entities created for cash flow diversion purposes. I first estimate diversion in Russia to be 11.3% of GDP in 2003 and 13.1% of GDP in 2004, which corresponds to tax evasion of 4.6%-5.0% and 5.4%-5.8% of GDP, accordingly. Next, based on transfers to spacemen, I construct a direct measure of cash flow diversion for 180 public companies. I find that on average, firms divert 18% (2.6%) of their real profits (revenue) to spacemen per year, although large corporations evade 50%-70% less than small ones. Finally, I document that neither government ownership nor commonly advocated good corporate governance practices such as audit by a reputable accounting firm or the presence of a foreign director on the board help to curb diversion activities.
Distinct Actions of Emx1, Emx2, andPax6 in Regulating the Specification of Areas in the Developing Neocortex

The mammalian neocortex is organized into subdivisions referred to as areas that are distinguished from one another by differences in architecture, axonal connections, and function. The transcription factors EMX1, EMX2, and PAX6 have been proposed to regulate arealization. Emx1 and Emx2 are expressed by progenitor cells in a low rostrolateral to high caudomedial gradient across the embryonic neocortex, and Pax6 is expressed in a high rostrolateral to low caudomedial gradient. Recent evidence has suggested that EMX2 and PAX6 have a role in the genetic regulation of arealization. Here we use a panel of seven genes (Cad6, Cad8, Id2,RZRβ, p75, EphA7, and ephrin-A5) representative of a broad range of proteins as complementary markers of positional identity to obtain a more thorough assessment of the suggested roles for EMX2 and PAX6 in arealization, and in addition to assess the proposed but untested role for EMX1 in arealization. Orderly changes in the size and positioning of domains of marker expression in Emx2 andPax6 mutants strongly imply that rostrolateral areas (motor and somatosensory) are expanded, whereas caudomedial areas (visual) are reduced in Emx2 mutants and that opposite effects occur in Pax6 mutants, consistent with their opposing gradients of expression. In contrast, patterns of marker expression, as well as the distribution of area-specific thalamocortical projections, appear normal in Emx1mutants, indicating that they do not exhibit changes in arealization. This lack of a defined role for EMX1 in arealization is supported by our finding of similar shifts in patterns of marker expression inEmx1; Emx2 double mutants as in Emx2 mutants. Thus, our findings indicate that EMX2 and PAX6 regulate, in opposing manners, arealization of the neocortex and impart positional identity to cortical cells, whereas EMX1 appears not to have a role in this process.
Adaptive downlink multi-user MIMO wireless systems for correlated channels with imperfect CSI

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless antenna systems provide increases in capacity without the need for additional spectrum or power. However the capacity increase is limited when the number of antennas at the receiver is fixed or restricted (due to mobile size constraints for example). To overcome this limitation multi-user MIMO can be used, which allows several users to be served simultaneously in frequency and time. A disadvantage of these multi-user MIMO systems, when used in the downlink however, is that they need accurate channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and also uncorrelated channels among users. In this paper we investigate methods to address the problems of multi-user MIMO systems in spatially correlated channels. We adopt the concept of angle between subspaces to characterize the inter-user spatial correlation and adapt the algorithm to those conditions. We also investigate the impact of the accuracy of CSI at the transmitter (CSIT) and whether more limited CSI such as channel correlation information alone can be used to provide good multi-user MIMO performance. Results are presented as various simulated capacity measures and we use them to make comparisons between the various multi-user MIMO configurations
A compiler algorithm to reduce invalidation latency in virtual shared memory systems

This paper presents a new compiler algorithm to eliminate invalidation traffic in virtual shared memory using a hybrid distributed invalidation scheme. It aggressively exploits static scheduling and data layout to accurately determine only those instances when invalidation is necessary, thus avoiding the additional read misses of previous schemes. Equations determining precisely what data should be invalidated are presented and followed by the derivation of approximations amenable to compiler manipulation. Compiler-directed invalidation in the presence of arbitrary control-flow is described and the definition of a compiler algorithm is presented. Preliminary experimental results on three programs show that this analysis can drastically reduce the amount of invalidation traffic and write misses.
Mining Frequent Patterns with Gaps and One-Off Condition

Mining frequent patterns with a gap requirement from sequences is an important step in many domains, such as biological sciences. Given a character sequence S of length L, a certain threshold and a gap constraint, we aim to discover frequent patterns whose supports in S are no less than the given threshold value. A frequent pattern P can have wildcards, and the numbers of the wildcards between elements of P must fulfill user-specified gap constraints. Also, this mining process satisfies the one-off condition and an Apriori-like property to be efficient. Experiments show that our method can mine as many frequent patterns with wildcards as the existing MPP algorithm, but has a much better performance in time.
DSP implementation of a multi-channel video display system with image stitching

A multi-channel video display system based on a high performance DSP, TMS320DM642, has been put forward in this paper. Compared with the traditional video systems, this system provides a broader view for users and more information in one frame of output video flow. In the system SIFT features are employed for image matching, on which we develop the automatic image stitching procedure. Both matching and stitching are implemented on the DSP, the former in the system initialization stage and the latter in the whole working process. In addition, several optimization approaches based on the DM642's properties are carried out to make the system work in real-time. Experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.
MultiLens: Fluent Interaction with Multi-Functional Multi-Touch Lenses for Information Visualization

Interactive lenses have proven to be useful for many visualization applications where exploratory analysis is a primary task. Up to now, interaction with lenses is mostly limited to single-user, single-function lenses operated by mouse, keyboard and traditional parameter menus. To overcome these limitations, we propose MultiLens, touch-enabled magic lenses for fluently manipulating functions, parameters, and combinations of lenses on interactive surfaces. We contribute a novel multi-touch menu technique for magic lenses using a widget-based approach with a drag-snap slider for relative parameter adjustment. We also propose a continuous gesture set for rapidly changing lenses and their primary parameters in one seamless phrase. In addition, by supporting the combination of various lens functions, we create a generic multi-purpose lens tool. We illustrate our approach by investigating and implementing the concepts for the field of graph exploration. The prototype was evaluated in a user study with 22 participants comparing it to traditional parameter menus operated with both mouse and touch.
An efficient parallel algorithm for shortest paths in planar layered digraphs

This paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm for the shortest path problem in planar layered digraphs that runs inO(log3n) time withn processors. The algorithms uses a divide and conquer approach and is based on the novel idea of a one-way separator, which has the property that any directed path can be crossed only once.
A myosignal-based powered exoskeleton system

This paper studies the integration of a human arm with a powered exoskeleton (orthotic device) and its experimental implementation in an elbow joint, naturally controlled by the human. The human-machine interface was set at the neuromuscular level, by using the neuromuscular signal (EMG) as the primary command signal for the exoskeleton system. The EMG signal along with the joint kinematics were fed into a myoprocessor which in turn predicted the muscle moments on the elbow joint. The moment-based control system integrated myoprocessor moment prediction with feedback moments measured at the human arm/exoskeleton and external load/exoskeleton interfaces. The exoskeleton structure under study was a two-link, two-joint mechanism, corresponding to the arm limbs and joints, which was mechanically linked by the human operator. Four indices of performance were used to define the quality of the human/machine integration and to evaluate the operational envelope of the system. Experimental results indicate the feasibility of an EMG-based power exoskeleton system as an integrated human-machine system using high-level neurological signals.
Adaptive Semantic Middleware for Mobile Environments

Context-awareness is considered a key driving principle for the design and provisioning of adaptable pervasive services. Rightfully describing and interpreting context, however, is a challenging issue. Semantic technologies are emerging as effective means to describe and reason about context information and to allow unknown entities to have a common understanding of context. However, the exploitation of semantic technologies for the design/deployment of context-aware applications in pervasive environments replete with heterogeneous devices requires to address several issues. In particular, a crucial aspect is how to support semantic based service provisioning to mobile devices with limited capabilities. Novel solutions are required to transparently and dynamically adapt semantic-based service provisioning to the properties of different access devices. The paper proposes a middleware-level solution approach that exploits the visibility of two kinds of metadata (profiles and policies) to support the configurability of the semantic support functionalities depending on user/device properties, and that offers a wide set of mechanisms for making viable semantic based service provisioning even to resource-constrained portable devices.