Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and latent pathway interactions based on the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma gene expression profile

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignant disease in older adults with a high mortality rate. The present study aimed to examine several key genes and pathways, which are associated with ATC. The GSE33630 gene expression profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 11 ATC and 45 normal thyroid samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ATC were identified using the Limma package in R. The Gene Ontology functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of the selected DEGs were enriched using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed to select significant modules. Furthermore, a latent pathway interactive network was constructed to select the significant pathways associated with ATC. A total of 665 DEGs in the ATC samples were screened, and four significant modules were selected from the PPI network. The DEGs in the four modules were enriched in several functions and pathways. In addition, 29 significant pathways associated with ATC were selected, and he Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine interaction pathway were identified as important pathways. FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), collagen type V α1 (COL5A1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) were the key DEGs involved in these significant pathways. The data obtained in the present study revealed that the TLR signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, and the FOS, CXCL10, COL5A1, COL11A1 and CCL28 genes have different roles in the progression of ATC, and these may be used as therapeutic targets for ATC.
Extracting Change-patterns from CVS Repositories

Often, the only sources of information about the evolution of software systems are the systems themselves and their histories. Version control repositories contain information on several thousand of files and on millions of changes. We propose an approach based on dynamic time warping to discover change-patterns, which, for example, describe files that change together almost all the time. We define the synchrony change-pattern to answer the question: given a software system and one file under modification, what others files must be changed? We have applied our approach on PADL, a software system developed in Java, and on Mozilla. Interesting results are achieved even when the discovered groups of co-changing files are compared with these provided by experts
Mechanics of Hybrid Active/passive-closure Grasps

In this paper, we discuss the directions of active and passive force closures in hybrid active/passive-closure grasps. We show the directions are orthogonal to each other. We also discuss the magnitudes of the internal forces in the manipulation of the object. In hybrid active/passive-closure grasps, there exist two kinds of magnitudes of internal forces. One is the magnitude of internal forces, which changes if the object moves and the geometry of the fingers changes. The other is the one which don't change even when the object moves. We derive these two magnitudes.
An H/sub /spl infin// control-based approach to robust control of mechanical systems with oscillatory bases

This paper deals with robust control problems of mechanical systems with oscillatory bases, which are associated with robotic manipulators installed on vessels or ocean structures. For motion control of mechanical systems subject to disturbances due to the base oscillation, a linear H/sub /spl infin// control-based approach is developed, assuming only that the frequency range of the base oscillation is known in advance, and then it does not require any measurements of the base motion. In particular, a multiple-input/multiple-output system case is discussed, where the uncertainty parametrization of the inertia matrix plays an important role in the design technique. Some simulation results demonstrate that the designed controller desirably attenuates the disturbances and provides robust tracking performance. Additionally, an instrumental tool "extended-polytope" and its linear fractional transformation representation developed for this paper are introduced.
A 40–550 MHz Harmonic-Free All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop Using a Variable SAR Algorithm

A wide-range all-digital delay-locked loop (ADDLL) is presented to achieve low jitter, low power and process immunity. The variable successive approximation register-controlled algorithm is proposed to eliminate the harmonic-locking issue in wide-range operation. It can also achieve the fast-locking property and closed-loop operation. With the balanced edge combiner, the ADDLL outputs a synchronous clock with the duty cycle close to 50% when the duty cycle of the input clock varies from 20% to 80%. Fabricated in 0.18mum CMOS technology, the ADDLL maintains a fixed one input clock cycle latency from 40MHz to 550MHz without the harmonic-locking issue. It dissipates 12.6mW from a 1.8V supply at 550 MHz. The measured root-mean-square and peak-to-peak jitters at 550MHz are 1.5ps and 12ps, respectively
Needle path planning and steering in a three-dimensional non-static environment using two-dimensional ultrasound images

Needle insertion is commonly performed in minimally invasive medical procedures such as biopsy and radiation cancer treatment. During such procedures, accurate needle tip placement is critical for correct diagnosis or successful treatment. Accurate placement of the needle tip inside tissue is challenging, especially when the target moves and anatomical obstacles must be avoided. We develop a needle steering system capable of autonomously and accurately guiding a steerable needle using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images. The needle is steered to a moving target while avoiding moving obstacles in a three-dimensional (3D) non-static environment. Using a 2D ultrasound imaging device, our system accurately tracks the needle tip motion in 3D space in order to estimate the tip pose. The needle tip pose is used by a rapidly exploring random tree-based motion planner to compute a feasible needle path to the target. The motion planner is sufficiently fast such that replanning can be performed repeatedly in a closed-loop manner. This enables the system to correct for perturbations in needle motion, and movement in obstacle and target locations. Our needle steering experiments in a soft-tissue phantom achieves maximum targeting errors of 0.86 ± 0.35 mm (without obstacles) and 2.16 ± 0.88 mm (with a moving obstacle).
Well-posedness of general boundary-value problems for scalar conservation laws

In this paper we investigate well-posedness for the problem $u_t+ \div \ph(u)=f$ on $(0,T)\! \times\! \Om$, $\Om \subset \R^N$, with initial condition $u(0,\cdot)=u_0$ on $\Om$ and with general dissipative boundary conditions $\varphi(u)\cdot \nu \in \beta_{(t,x)}(u)$ on $(0,T)\! \times\! \ptl\Om$. Here for a.e. $(t,x)\in(0,T)\! \times\! \ptl\Om$, $\beta_{(t,x)}(\cdot)$ is a maximal monotone graph on $\R$. This includes, as particular cases, Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, obstacle boundary conditions and their piecewise combinations. As for the well-studied case of the Dirichlet condition, one has to interprete the {\it formal boundary condition} given by $\beta$ by replacing it with the adequate {\it effective boundary condition}. Such effective condition can be obtained through a study of the boundary layer appearing in approximation processes such as the vanishing viscosity approximation. We claim that the formal boundary condition given by $\beta$ should be interpreted as the effective boundary condition given by another monotone graph $\tilde \beta$, which is defined from $\beta$ by the projection procedure we describe. We give several equivalent definitions of entropy solutions associated with $\tilde \beta$ (and thus also with $\beta$). For the notion of solution defined in this way, we prove existence, uniqueness and $L^1$ contraction, monotone and continuous dependence on the graph $\beta$. Convergence of approximation procedures and stability of the notion of entropy solution are illustrated by several results.
Teacher Training in a Proactive Classroom Management Approach for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

As the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) increases, more children with ASD present for services in public school classrooms. Due to the unique social and communication difficulties that characterize this population, these children often exhibit challenging behaviours such as non-compliance, verbal and physical aggression and high levels of off-task responses. Compounding these concerns, teachers and classroom support staff are typically inadequately trained in evidence-based behavioural intervention strategies for such children, particularly those suited for class-wide intervention that are easy to implement and fit within a school setting. The current study addressed these concerns by examining the effectiveness of Errorless Classroom Management (ECM), a proactive classroom management teacher training package, in three self-contained classrooms and a total of 7 students ranging from Grade 1 to Grade 8. In a multiple baseline across classrooms design, teachers and classroom support staff were taught a range of proactive skills that included use of moderating support strategies, reinforcement of prosocial student behaviours, and systematic fading of supports and reinforcement. Teachers and classroom support staff were also trained in how to use these classroom management strategies to build four core student skills: compliance, acquiescence, on-task behaviour, and communication skills.
A bio-inspired compliant parallel mechanism for high-precision robots

In this paper, a compliant parallel mechanism with high precision and a wide working area is presented. A compliant parallel mechanism is a parallel mechanism in which all of the joints are deformable elastic joints. The presented mechanism is composed of circular compliant joints that have been inspired by Drakaea, which is an orchidaceous species. From our analytical and experimental tests, it was revealed that these circular compliant joints have desirable characteristics for composing a compliant parallel mechanism. Based on these primary experimental results, we developed a 3-DOF compliant parallel mechanism for an optic component positioning machine. The prototype evaluation tests revealed the mechanism's advantageous characteristics.
An online rule weighting method to classify data streams

Evolving fuzzy rule-based structures represent extremely powerful methods for online classification of data streams. The fuzzy rules are generated, modified and removed automatically in these systems. One of the simplest but efficient algorithms of this type is evolving classifier (eClass) that constructs the rules without any prior knowledge, starting “from scratch”. However, this algorithm cannot cope properly with drift and shift in the concept of data. In this paper, we propose a new efficient online method to increase the performance of this algorithm by setting a suitable weight for each rule and handle the drift and shift in the concept of data. By adjusting proper weights, the zone of influence of each rule can be easily controlled and changed regarding the restyling of the environment. Our weight adjusting algorithm is based on an efficient batch mode weight adjusting method that is developed to be consistent with characteristics of data streams. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on some standard data sets of UCI Repository and some real world data streams, and compared with the eClass algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the eClass approach, and has significant improvement in most cases.
In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the estrogenic properties of the 17 b-( butylamino )-1 , 3 , 5 ( 10 )-estratrien-3-ol ( buame ) related to 17 b-estradiol

Background: Buame [17b-(butylamino)-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-ol] possesses anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities that are potentially antithrombotic. Since its estrogenicity is unknown, it was evaluated by established methods. Methods: Buame (10, 100, 500, and 1,000 μg/kg), 17b-estradiol (E2) (100 μg/kg), or propylene glycol (10 ml/kg) were subcutaneously (sc) administered for three days to immature Wistar female rats (21 days old). The relative uterotrophic effect to E2 was 78 (E2 = 100) with a relative uterotrophic potency of 1.48 (E2 = 100). Adult ovariectomized Wistar rats received an sc injection at 8:00 h (reversed cycle) of: 7.5 μg of E2 (» 30 μg/kg), buame (» 750, 1,500, 3,000 μg/kg), or corn oil (» 1.2 ml/kg). After 24 h, progesterone (4–5 mg/kg) was administered. Sexual receptivity was assessed 5 to 7 h later, and the lordosis quotient (LQ; number lordosis/number mounts × 100) was evaluated. Results: Buame induced lordosis (LQmax 85 ± 9; ED50 952 ± 19 μg/kg) and E2 LQmax 56 ± 8; ED50 10 ± 2 μg/kg; the relative LQpotency was 0.51 (E2 = 100). Buame competed with [ H]E2 for the estrogen receptor (Buame RBA = 0.15 and Ki = 5.9 × 10 –7 M; E2 RBA= 100; Ki = 6.6 × 10–9 M). Buame increased MCF-7 cells proliferation, from 10–11 to10–9 M, its proliferative effect was 1.73–1.79 (E2 = 3.0–3.9); its relative proliferative effect to E2 was 33–40% (E2 = 100%) and relative potency 10.4–10.7 (E2 = 100). Tamoxifen and fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) inhibited buame’s proliferation indicating mediation through estrogen receptors in this response. Conclusion: Buame is therefore an estrogen partial agonist with a weak estrogenic activity.
Gaussian Mixture Embeddings for Multiple Word Prototypes

Recently, word representation has been increasingly focused on for its excellent properties in representing the word semantics. Previous works mainly suffer from the problem of polysemy phenomenon. To address this problem, most of previous models represent words as multiple distributed vectors. However, it cannot reflect the rich relations between words by representing words as points in the embedded space. In this paper, we propose the Gaussian mixture skip-gram (GMSG) model to learn the Gaussian mixture embeddings for words based on skip-gram framework. Each word can be regarded as a gaussian mixture distribution in the embedded space, and each gaussian component represents a word sense. Since the number of senses varies from word to word, we further propose the Dynamic GMSG (D-GMSG) model by adaptively increasing the sense number of words during training. Experiments on four benchmarks show the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Use of noninvasive ventilation at the pulmonary infection control window for acute respiratory failure in AECOPD patients

AbstractThe aim of the study was to comprehensively examine the efficacy and safety of noninvasive ventilation used at the pulmonary infection control (PIC) window for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Seven electronic databases and relevant resources were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patients using noninvasive ventilation at PIC window with those continuing receiving invasive ventilation. Retrieved citations were screened, risk of bias was assessed, and data were extracted by 2 independent review authors. Overall effect sizes were synthesized by using meta-analyses. Quality of evidence was rated by using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.A total of 17 trials involving 959 participants were included for this review. Compared with continuous invasive ventilation, noninvasive ventilation used at PIC window significantly reduced mortality, ventilator-associated pneumonia, weaning failures, reintubations, duration of invasive ventilation, total duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit, and LOS in hospital as well as hospital costs. Of these, mortality significantly decreased (risk ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.42, P < 0.001) without significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 0.99). Quality of evidence regarding the 9 outcomes across the included studies was rated from moderate to low.Use of noninvasive ventilation at PIC window showed beneficial effects across identified trials for ARF in AECOPD patients. Considering the absence of high quality of available evidence and the uncertainty of long-term effect of this intervention, a weak recommendation for clinical practice was generated, and further well-designed and adequately powered RCTs are required to validate this conclusion.
A SIMPLE IMMERSED INTERFACE METHOD FOR THE STOKES FLOW WITH SINGULAR FORCES

In this paper, we introduce a simple version of immersed interface method (IIM) for the Stokes flow with singular forces along an interface. The numerical method is based on applying the Taylor’s expansions along the normal direction and incorporating the solution and its normal derivative jumps into the finite difference approximations. The numerical results show that the scheme is second-order accurate.
Does Increasing Women's Schooling Raise the Schooling of the Next Generation?

"Does increasing women's schooling raise the schooling of the next generation? " is the question posed by Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig (2002). Their answer to the question is no. In fact, they conclude that raising women's schooling may lower the schooling of the next generation. We show that Behrman and Rosenzweig's results are not robust to alternative coding schemes and sample selection rules, and argue that their policy inference may be misguided.
Preconditioned Krylov Subspace Methods in Nonlinear Optimization

One of the possible ways of solving general problems of constrained nonlinear optimization is to convert them into a sequence of unconstrained problems. Then the need arises to solve an unconstrained optimization problem reliably and efficiently. For this aim, Newton methods are usually applied, often in combination with sparse Cholesky decomposition. In practice, however, this approach may not be optimal in some cases and a suitable iterative algorithm for the solution of the Newton system may be preferred. In this paper, we show that for some type of problems the use of Krylov subspace methods with suitable preconditioners leads to considerable savings in computational time. Moreover, a new adaptive preconditioner based on the ellipsoid method is described in detail. i=1 uipi'(gi(x)/pi) + h U,�P(A(x))i S mA,
Exogenous Testosterone Stimulates Gluconeogenesis In Hypoproteinemic Albino Rat

Changes in plasma glucose and protein concentrations in two experimental groups of albino rats, weghing 250 - 300g, were evaluated after 7 days of acclmatzaton to laboratory conditons and another 14 days o feeding the rats wth low protein diets. Frank hypoproeinmia was evident by the low plasma protein levels and some clear physical manifestations, such as hair loss, change in skin colour and edema. Edema was caused by lowered plasma protein concentrations. Daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 0.2 ml of testosterone for a period of 7 days produced a statistcally sgnificant increase in plasma glucose concentrations (P Keywords : Exogenous testosterone, Protein, Glucose, Gluconeogenesis, Hypoproteinemic rat Animal Research International Vol. 4 (1) 2007 pp. 597-600
Learning a Robust Relevance Model for Search Using Kernel Methods

This paper points out that many search relevance models in information retrieval, such as the Vector Space Model, BM25 and Language Models for Information Retrieval, can be viewed as a similarity function between pairs of objects of different types, referred to as an S-function. An S-function is specifically defined as the dot product between the images of two objects in a Hilbert space mapped from two different input spaces. One advantage of taking this view is that one can take a unified and principled approach to address the issues with regard to search relevance. The paper then proposes employing a kernel method to learn a robust relevance model as an S-function, which can effectively deal with the term mismatch problem, one of the biggest challenges in search. The kernel method exploits a positive semi-definite kernel referred to as an S-kernel. The paper shows that when using an S-kernel the model learned by the kernel method is guaranteed to be an S-function. The paper then gives more general principles for constructing S-kernels. A specific implementation of the kernel method is proposed using the Ranking SVM techniques and click-through data. The proposed approach is employed to learn a relevance model as an extension of BM25, referred to as Robust BM25. Experimental results on web search and enterprise search data show that Robust BM25 significantly outperforms baseline methods and can successfully tackle the term mismatch problem.
Chapter 4 Interface-Based Design of Real-Time Systems

Today most embedded systems consist of a collection of computation and communication components that are supplied by different vendors and assembled by a system manufacturer. Such a component-based design methodology is followed in several domains such as automotive, avionics, and consumer electronics. The system manufacturer responsible for component assembly has to take design decisions (related to the choice of components and how they are to be connected, e.g. using a bus or a network-on-chip) and perform system analysis. Such important analysis is usually related to verifying that buffers in components never overflow or underflow, end-to-end delays or worst-case traversal times (WCTTs) of data through a component network fall within given deadlines, and others. Typically performance analysis methods are used for the analysis of a component-based real-time system design a posteriori. This means that a realtime system is designed and dimensioned in a first step, and only after completion of this first step, the performance analysis is applied to the system design in a second step. The analysis result will then give an answer to the binary question whether the system design that was developed in the first step meets all real-time requirements, or not. A designer must then go back to the first step, change the design, and iterate on the two steps until an appropriate system design is found.
Large Eddy Simulation of the Turbulent Flow in a Tunnel with a Localized Heat Source

This paper presents Large Eddy Simulations of a compressible turbulent flow through a duct of square cross-section with a localized heat source on its bottom wall. The potential applications are related to the accidental heat release in a road tunnel. A constant temperature TW is imposed on all duct walls except for the spot location. Two distinct heating configurations are considered. In the first configuration, the distribution of the spot temperature is uniform and varies suddenly from TW to 2TW at the spot borders. Two additional temperature levels are also considered for this configuration: Th /TW = 3 and 4. In the second configuration, the temperature changes linearly from TW to 2 TW at the spot centre. In both cases, the Reynolds number based on bulk velocity was maintained at 6000 and the Mach number at 0.5. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial growth of the thermal field downstream of the spot and its influence on the velocity field. It was found that the heating on the lower wall induced a clear intensification of the secondary flow with a strong reduction in size of these vortices near the heated zone. In particular, a strong impinging motion has been observed just downstream of the spot.