Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Resource Allocation to Enhance Physical Layer Security in Systems With Full-Duplex Receivers: Active Adversary

We propose a robust resource allocation framework to improve the physical layer security in the presence of an active eavesdropper. In the considered system, we assume that both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper are full-duplex (FD) while most works in the literature concentrate on passive eavesdroppers and half-duplex (HD) legitimate receivers. In this paper, the adversary intends to optimize its transmit and jamming signal parameters so as to minimize the secrecy data rate of the legitimate transmission. In the literature, assuming that the receiver operates in HD mode, secrecy data rate maximization problems subject to the power transmission constraint have been considered in which cooperating nodes act as jammers to confound the eavesdropper. This paper investigates an alternative solution in which we take advantage of FD capability of the receiver to send jamming signals against the eavesdroppers. The proposed self-protection scheme eliminates the need for external helpers. Moreover, we consider the channel state information uncertainty on the links between the active eavesdropper and other legitimate nodes of the network. Optimal power allocation is then obtained based on the worst-case secrecy data rate maximization, under a legitimate transmitter power constraint in the presence of the active eavesdropper. Numerical results confirm the advantage of the proposed secrecy design and in certain conditions, demonstrate substantial performance gain over the conventional approaches.
Parallel Construction and Searches of Digital Trees

Geometric searching is an element of mesh generation, interpolation, visualization, collision detection, and many other tasks. The task is searching a cloud of points for the nearest point to a target or all cloud points within a specified distance from a target. This is inherently a O(N) search problem for each query if all N cloud points points are interrogated. Fortunately, this complexity can be reduced to O(log(N)). This reduction is a product of recursively partitioning the cloud to be searched and narrowing the search to only plausible partitions. This partitioned cloud of points is often stored in an organized structure to facilitate efficient pruning of potential candidates while searching for nearby entities or the nearest entity. Digital trees are a common data structure for this storage. The execution time can be long for a large number of target queries or a large number of cloud points, even for O(log(N)) methods. Parallel algorithms are able to speed up the search process and efficiently address problems that are larger than the main memory of a single processor machine. The goal of this project is compare the performance of different tree varieties and exhaustive search in a parallel setting. There is a large variety of methods for partitioning the search cloud for storage in a tree. These various methods have different strengths and weaknesses. Reference [1] makes comparisons of three such search methods. Reference [2] compares an exhaustive search to a tree search. Parallel algorithms have also been investigated in References [3] and [4].
Real-time epipolar geometry estimation and disparity

Many visual tasks, such as recognition and visually guided manipulation, benefit from the use of binocular stereo with dynamic vergence. In order to achieve this the epipolar geometry of the two cameras has to be known. In this article we present a system capable of estimating the epipolar geometry of a stereo-head and calculating the binocular disparities in real-time producing dense disparity maps that, for example, can be used for figure-ground segmentation. The number of degrees of freedom has been minimized, without affecting the flexibility of the stereo-head, speeding up the process considerably.
The Difference Scattering dRCS from a Dielectric Target above a Rough Surface

The difference field RCS (d-RCS) has been defined to analyze the scattering from the target above a rough surface. The electric field integral equations (EFIEs) of the difference induced current on the rough surface, the induced electric current and magnetic current on the dielectric target under a TE wave incidence are derived. A small portion of the rough surface towards the target along the specular direction is taken to compute the scattering contribution from the rough surface towards the target, which improves the computation speed. A numerical iterative approach is developed to solve the EFIEs and bistatic d-RCS. The surface length for iterations is dependent on the scattering angle and discussed for comparison with Johnson's method. Using the Monte-Carlo method to generate the P-M (Pierson-Morkowitz) ocean-like rough surface, bistatic d-RCS of the dielectric target, e.g. a cylinder or a square column, above the rough surface is numerically simulated. The induced electric and magnetic currents on the dielectric target, and the difference induced current on the rough surface are numerically discussed.
Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Impact on Caregiver Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Recent attempts to standardise the definition of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) by the Movement Disorder Society Task Force has led to a greater understanding of this entity but to date, there has been a paucity of research regarding the impact of PD-MCI on caregiver outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to utilise the newly established PD-MCI diagnostic criteria to investigate caregiver outcomes in relation to four specific aspects: (1) caregiver burden, (2) quality of life (QoL), (3) caregiving experience, and (4) psychological distress. METHODS This study included a total of 166 patient-caregiver dyads. Caregiver outcomes including quality of life, caregiver burden, mood disturbances, and caregiver experience were compared between caregivers of PD patients classified as having normal cognition (PD-NC) and PD-MCI. RESULTS Despite the two groups being matched on demographic and clinical features, caregivers of PD-MCI patients reported a lower level of QoL with regard to physical health and more interruptions with usual activities. On the other hand, a higher impact on finances was reported in caregivers of PD-NC patients, relative to caregivers of PD-MCI patients. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that even at earlier stages of cognitive impairment, PD-MCI caregivers already experience elevated levels of distress in the role of providing care to their care-recipients. These findings highlight the need to include management of caregiver distress and associated sequelae alongside the management of PD-MCI patients, early on in the disease course.
Neutral atomic carbon in centers of galaxies

We present measurements of the emission from the centers of fifteen spiral galaxies in the 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 [CI] fine-structure transition at 492 GHz. Observed galaxy centers range from quiescent to starburst to active. The intensities of neutral carbon, the J = 2-1 transition of 1 3 CO and the J = 4-3 transition of 1 2 CO are compared in matched beams. Most galaxy centers emit more strongly in [CI] than in 1 3 CO, completely unlike the situation pertaining to Galactic molecular cloud regions. [CI] intensities are lower than, but nevertheless comparable to J = 4-3 1 2 CO intensities, again rather different from Galactic sources. The ratio of [CI] to 1 3 CO increases with the central [CI] luminosity of a galaxy; it is lowest for quiescent and mild starburst centers, and highest for strong starburst centers and active nuclei. Comparison with radiative transfer model calculations shows that most observed galaxy centers have neutral carbon abundances close to, or exceeding, carbon monoxide abundances, rather independent from the assumed model gas parameters. The same models suggest that the emission from neutral carbon and carbon monoxide, if assumed to originate in the same volumes, arises from a warm and dense gas rather than a hot and tenuous, or a cold and very dense gas. The observed [CI] intensities together with literature [CII] line and far-infrared continuum data likewise suggest that a significant fraction of the emission originates in medium-density gas (n = 10 3 -10 4 cm - 3 ), subjected to radiation fields of various strengths.
Stabilization of maximal metric trees

We present a formal definition of routing metrics and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for a routing metric to be optimizable along a tree. Based upon these conditions, we present a generalization of the shortest path tree which we call the "maximal metric tree". We present a stabilizing protocol for constructing maximal metric trees. Our protocol demonstrates that the distance-vector routing paradigm may be extended to any metric that is optimizable along a tree and in a self-stabilizing manner. Examples of minimal metric trees include shortest path trees (distance vector), depth first search trees, maximum flow trees, and reliability trees.
A Review of Active Mechanical Driving Principles of Spherical Robots

Spherical robotics is an emerging research field due to a ball’s characteristic to be holonomic, have a sealed internal environment, and rebound from collisions easily. As the research moves forward, individual groups have begun to develop unique methods of propulsion, each having distinctive engineering trade-offs: weight is sacrificed for power; speed is forfeited for control accuracy, etc. Early spherical robots operated similar to a hamster ball and had a limited torque and a high-energy loss due to internal friction. Researchers have begun to develop various novel concepts to maneuver and control this family of robot. This article is an overview of the current research directions that various groups have taken, the nomenclature used in this subdiscipline, and the various uses of the fundamental principles of physics for propelling a spherical robot.
Bridging the Efficiency Gap: Fully Bridged Dinuclear Cu(I)‐Complexes for Singlet Harvesting in High‐Efficiency OLEDs

The substitution of rare metals such as iridium and platinum in light-emitting materials is a key step to enable low-cost mass-production of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, it is demonstrated that using a solution-processed, fully bridged dinuclear Cu(I)-complex can yield very high efficiencies. An optimized device gives a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23 ± 1% (73 ± 2 cd A(-1) ).
Porous Cu Nanowire Aerosponges from One‐Step Assembly and their Applications in Heat Dissipation

Highly porous metal nanowire aerosponges are produced by direct assembly of the Cu nanowire in situ during their synthesis. Such a method offers not only great simplicity, but also excellent properties such as extremely low densities, high electrical conductivities, and remarkable mechanical properties. Furthermore, these Cu aerosponges exhibit excellent wicking behavior, suggesting their potential for heat-exchange applications in heat pipes.
A Critical Analysis of Polymersome Therapeutics: From Laboratory to Large-Scale Production

Beatriz Nogueira Messias de Miranda1,2, Wesley Luzetti Fotoran3, Gerhard Wunderlich3, Emanuel Carrilho2,4 and Adriano Marim de Oliveira1* 1Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), Bionanomanufacturing Center, Brazil 2Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil 3Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil 4Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Brazil
Exogenous phytoestrogenic molecule icaritin incorporated into a porous scaffold for enhancing bone defect repair

This study was designed to develop a bioactive scaffold to enhance bone defect repair in steroid‐associated osteonecrosis (SAON). Icaritin, a metabolite of the herb Epimedium, has been identified as an angiogenic and osteogenic phytomolecule. Icaritin was homogenized into poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP) to form an icaritin‐releasing porous composite scaffold (PLGA/TCP/icaritin) by fine‐spinning technology. In vitro, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the release of icaritin during degradation of PLGA/TCP/icaritin. The osteogenic effects of PLGA/TCP/icaritin were evaluated using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, the osteogenic effect of PLGA/TCP/icaritin was determined within a bone tunnel after core decompression in SAON rabbits and angiography within scaffolds was examined in rabbit muscle pouch model. In vitro study confirmed the sustainable release of icaritin from PLGA/TCP/icaritin with the bioactive scaffold promoting the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs. In vivo study showed that PLGA/TCP/icaritin significantly promoted new bone formation within the bone defect after core decompression in SAON rabbits and enhanced neovascularization in the rabbit muscle pouch experiment. In conclusion, PLGA/TCP/icaritin is an innovative local delivery system that demonstrates sustainable release of osteogenic phytomolecule icaritin enhancing bone repair in an SAON rabbit model. The supplement of scaffold materials with bioactive phytomolecule(s) might improve treatment efficiency in challenging orthopedic conditions. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:164–172, 2012
99.1% Efficient 10 kV SiC-Based Medium-Voltage ZVS Bidirectional Single-Phase PFC AC/DC Stage

Due to their extremely high energy demand, data centers are directly supplied from a medium-voltage (MV) grid. However, a significant part of this energy is dissipated in the power supply chain since the MV is reduced step-by-step through multiple power conversion stages down to the chip-voltage level. In order to increase the efficiency of the power supply chain, the number of conversion stages must be substantially reduced. In this context, solid-state transformers (SSTs) are considered as a possible solution, as they could directly interface the MV AC grid to a 400 V DC bus, whereby server racks with a power consumption of several tens of kilowatts could be directly supplied from an individual SST. With a focus on the lowest system complexity, the SST, ideally, should be built as simple two-stage system consisting of an MV AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) rectifier stage followed by an isolated DC/DC converter. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the design and realization of a 25 kW, 3.8 kV single-phase AC to 7 kV DC PFC rectifier unit based on the 10 kV SiC MOSFETs. By simply adding an $LC$ circuit between the switch nodes of the well-known full-bridge-based pulse width modulated AC/DC rectifier, the integrated triangular current-mode concept is implemented, which only internally superimposes a large triangular current ripple on the AC mains current and, therefore, enables zero-voltage switching over the entire AC mains period. Special attention is paid to the realization of the MV inductors and their electrical insulation, the AC-input $LCL$ filter to limit electromagnetic interference emissions, and the challenges arising due to cable resonances when connecting the SST to the MV grid via an MV cable. Despite the large insulation distances required for MV, the realized 25 kW MV PFC rectifier achieves an unprecedented power density of 3.28 kW/L (54 W/ $\mathrm {in}^{3}$ ) and a full-load efficiency of 99.1%, determined using a calorimetric measurement setup, which is discussed in detail in the Appendix.
3D Reconstruction using Interactive Shape from Shading

The Shape-From-Shading (SFS) problem is a fundamental and classical problem in computer vision. It is the process of computing three dimensional shape of a surface using its shading information from single image. In this paper, a new method for interactive shape from shading for reconstruction of a 3D shape is presented. Experimental results on several synthetic and real object images show that the proposed method reconstructs the 3D surface of objects very efficiently.
Analysis of acid pitchstone (Iceland) using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Analysis of acid pitchstone (sample from Iceland) using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is presented in this study. The rock sample was taken because of its uniform composition and a homogenous structure at microscale. Elements like Si, Fe, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Ti, Na, K, Ba, Sr and Li were detected in the LIBS spectra. Important plasma parameters (electron density and temperature) were calculated on the base of Stark broadening mechanism of spectral lines and Saha- Boltzmann plot method, respectively. Quantitative analysis was performed using calibration free (CF) approach of LIBS method. CF-LIBS analysis compared to reconstructed bulk rock analysis using precise mineral and glass analyses obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) gives a good correlation, sufficient enough for having primary information of chemical composition of the studied rock sample or alternatively large mineral phases. An element with very low atomic number, lithium, was detected only by LIBS. Li is not detectable on microprobe. Taking into account possible local mineral accumulations and imprecisions induced by estimation of mineral volumes in the glass the CF-LIBS method gives acceptably precise analyses for geological purposes.
Optimal gossiping in geometric radio networks in the presence of dynamical faults

We study deterministic fault‐tolerant gossiping protocols in geometric radio networks. Node and link faults may happen during every time‐slot of the protocol's execution. We first consider the model where every node can send at most one message per time‐slot. We provide a protocol that completes gossiping in O(nΔ) time (where n is the number of nodes and Δ is the maximal in‐degree) and has message complexity O(n2). Both bounds are then shown to be optimal. Second, we consider the model where messages can be arbitrarily combined and sent in one time‐slot. We give a protocol working in optimal completion time O(DΔ) (where D is the maximal source eccentricity) and message complexity O(Dn). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 2012
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Chitosan/PEO–Silica Membrane Doped with Phosphotungstic Acid for PEM Fuel Cell Application

ABSTRACT In an effort to improve the proton conductivity of the s-Chitosan/PEO/s-SiO2 membranes, a heteropoly acid such as phosphortungstic acid/Sulfosuccinic acid as a cross-linker is incorporated in the polymer matrix. The membranes show that s-SiO2 nano particles are dispersed within the membranes uniformly and indicating the good organic compatibility of s-SiO2 particle with PWA/SSA. The conductivity is found to increase in the order of 10−1 Scm−1 at 303K for increasing the PWA acid dopant. The physicochemical properties of the films are successively characterized by water uptake, IEC and mechanical stability. The results suggest that s-CS/PEO/s-SiO2/PWA composite membranes suitable for fuel cell. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Adaptive Marginal Costs-Based Distributed Economic Control of Microgrid Clusters Considering Line Loss

When several microgrids (MG) are interconnected into microgrid clusters (MGC), they have great potential to improve their reliability. Traditional droop control tends to make the total operating costs higher as the power is distributed by capacity ratios of distributed energy resources (DERs). This paper proposes an adaptive distributed economic control for islanded microgrids which considers line loss, specifically, an interesting marginal costs-based economic droop control is proposed, and consensus-based adaptive controller is applied, to deal with power limits and capacity constraints for storage. The whole expense can be effectively lowered by achieving identical marginal costs for DERs in MGC. Specially, the capacity constraints only for storages are also included to do further optimization. Moreover, consensus-based distributed secondary controllers are used to rapidly restore system frequency and voltage magnitudes. The above controllers only need to interact with neighbor DERs by a sparse communication network, eliminating the necessity of a central controller and enhancing the stability. A MGC, incorporating three microgrids, is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Hyperspectral image classification and dimensionality reduction: an orthogonal subspace projection approach

Most applications of hyperspectral imagery require processing techniques which achieve two fundamental goals: 1) detect and classify the constituent materials for each pixel in the scene; 2) reduce the data volume/dimensionality, without loss of critical information, so that it can be processed efficiently and assimilated by a human analyst. The authors describe a technique which simultaneously reduces the data dimensionality, suppresses undesired or interfering spectral signatures, and detects the presence of a spectral signature of interest. The basic concept is to project each pixel vector onto a subspace which is orthogonal to the undesired signatures. This operation is an optimal interference suppression process in the least squares sense. Once the interfering signatures have been nulled, projecting the residual onto the signature of interest maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio and results in a single component image that represents a classification for the signature of interest. The orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) operator can be extended to k-signatures of interest, thus reducing the dimensionality of k and classifying the hyperspectral image simultaneously. The approach is applicable to both spectrally pure as well as mixed pixels. >
Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by platelet factor-4 involves a unique action on S phase progression

Modulation of endothelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by the "chemokine" platelet factor-4 (PF-4) was investigated. PF-4 inhibited DNA synthesis, as well as proliferation of endothelial cells derived from large and small blood vessels. Inhibition by PF-4 was independent of the type and the concentration of stimuli used for the induction of endothelial cell proliferation. Inhibition of cell growth by PF-4 was reversible. The effects of PF-4 were antagonized by heparin. Cell cycle analysis using [3H]thymidine pulse labeling during traverse of synchronous cells from G0/G1 to S phase revealed that addition of PF-4 during G1 phase completely abolished the entry of cells into S phase. In addition, PF-4 also inhibited DNA synthesis in cells that were already in S phase. In exponentially growing cells, addition of PF-4 resulted in an accumulation of > 70% of the cells in early S phase, as determined by FACS (Becton-Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, Mountain View, CA). In cells synchronized in S phase by hydroxyurea and then released, addition of PF-4 promptly blocked further progression of DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that in G0/G1-arrested cells, PF-4 inhibited entry of endothelial cells into S phase. More strikingly, our studies have revealed a unique mode of endothelial cell growth inhibition whereby PF-4 effectively blocked cell cycle progression during S phase.