Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Wealth, Consumption Smoothing, and Income Shocks due to Job Loss

One of the reasons for setting up an unemployment insurance scheme is to allow job losers to smooth consumption. However, very little is known to date on the consumption smoothing impact of unemployment benefits. Here, we test for the impact of unemployment benefits on changes in household food expenditure of individuals that have recently experienced a job loss, allowing for different levels of household’s financial wealth. We also study the relationship between unemployment benefits and financial wealth of the unemployed. We use for the empirical analysis a unique dataset rich on information on financial assets and debt of the unemployed. We conclude that there is significant heterogeneity in the consumption responses of job losers to the income shock. For households without financial wealth at the time of job loss, unemployment benefits help smoothing food consumption. The results of estimation also suggest considerable heterogeneity in the relationship between borrowing and the level of benefits. For households running debt before job loss, there is evidence that higher replacement rates lead to postponing of paying off debt.
Renormalization-group-improved Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric model.

In the minimal supersymmetric model all Higgs self-coupling parameters are related to gauge couplings at the tree level. Leading-logarithmic radiative corrections to these quantities can be summed using renormalization-group techniques. By this procedure we obtain complete leading-logarithmic radiative corrections to the Higgs boson masses, the CP-even Higgs boson mixing angle, and trilinear Higgs boson couplings. Additional corrections due to squark mixing can be explicitly incorporated into this formalism. These results incorporate nearly all potentially large corrections. Mass shifts to the neutral CP-even Higgs bosons grow with the fourth power of the top-quark mass and can be significant. The phenomenological consequences of these results are examined
An optimized multicast transmission scheme in wireless relay networks

Relay enabled wireless networks play a significant role in data transmission, as it not only extends the BS coverage range but also improves the transmission efficiency of those MSs with poor channel conditions. Multicast transmission is an efficient transmission mode and quite suitable for the relay based networks. To realize the multicast based data delivery over the whole relay network, we proposed an optimized transmission scheme by formulating an objective problem to achieve the desired performance goals. An efficient multicast data transmission algorithm with respect to two schedule hops is proposed in detail to implement the optimization process. The simulation results verify the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and messenger RNA level may be related to the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil on human tumor xenografts in nude mice.

We investigated the correlation between tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the enzymatic activity and mRNA levels of thymidylate synthetase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) using human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Three gastric carcinoma xenografts (SC-1-NU, St-4, and H-111), two colon carcinoma xenografts (Co-4 and Col-3-JCK), one pancreatic carcinoma xenograft (PAN-3-JCK), and one breast carcinoma xenograft (MX-1) were inoculated into nude mice. When the resultant tumors reached 100-300 mg, 5-FU was administered i.p. at a dose of 60 mg/kg in a schedule of three times every 4 days, and the antitumor activity of 5-FU was evaluated as the relative mean tumor weight in treated mice compared to control mice. Xenografts were also inoculated into untreated nude mice. When tumors weighed 200-300 mg, tumor tissues were resected for measurement of tumoral TS and DPD. TS and DPD activities were detected by the TS-binding assay and a radioenzymatic assay, respectively. mRNA levels were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase coamplified as an internal standard. TS and DPD activities ranged from 84.7 to 775.5 fmol/mg protein and from not detectable to 79.7 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. TS and DPD mRNA levels ranged from 0.51 to 9.90 and from not detectable to 0.93, respectively. The enzymatic activities of TS and DPD were correlated with observed mRNA levels. DPD levels were significantly correlated with 5-FU sensitivity, with high DPD activity and high DPD mRNA level resulting in low sensitivity to 5-FU. In contrast, no correlation between TS level and 5-FU sensitivity was observed. Tumoral DPD activity and DPD mRNA level may be useful indicators in predicting the antitumor activity of 5-FU.
Implicit and Explicit Perceptions of Biracial Targets

Two studies were conducted to examine categorization of biracial targets and subsequent judgments made about those targets. The researchers found that the contextual stereotypic cues shown in a social networking profile as well as stereotypic word primes did affect the categorization of the ambiguous target. Though explicit judgments overall did not vary with the categorization of the target, the targets' ambiguity in itself drove negative judgments from certain personality types. Judgments about work-related traits were particularly harsh, which could have serious ramifications for biracial or ambiguous individuals in the real world.
Eye Morphology in Cathemeral Lemurids and Other Mammals

The visual systems of cathemeral mammals are subject to selection pressures that are not encountered by strictly diurnal or nocturnal species. In particular, the cathemeral eye and retina must be able to function effectively across a broad range of ambient light intensities. This paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge regarding the visual anatomy of cathemeral primates, and presents an analysis of the influence of cathemerality on eye morphology in the genus Eulemur. Due to the mutual antagonism between most adaptations for increased visual acuity and sensitivity, cathemeral lemurs are expected to resemble other cathemeral mammals in having eye morphologies that are intermediate between those of diurnal and nocturnal close relatives. However, if lemurs only recently adopted cathemeral activity patterns, then cathemeral lemurids would be expected to demonstrate eye morphologies more comparable to those of nocturnal strepsirrhines. Both predictions were tested through a comparative study of relative cornea size in mammals. Intact eyes were collected from 147 specimens of 55 primate species, and relative corneal dimensions were compared to measurements taken from a large sample of non-primate mammals. These data reveal that the five extant species of the cathemeral genus Eulemur have relative cornea sizes intermediate between those of diurnal and nocturnal strepsirrhines. Moreover, all Eulemur species have relative cornea sizes that are comparable to those of cathemeral non-primate mammals and significantly smaller than those of nocturnal mammals. These results suggest that Eulemur species resemble other cathemeral mammals in having eyes that are adapted to function under variable environmental light levels. These results also suggest that cathemerality is a relatively ancient adaptation in Eulemur that was present in the last common ancestor of the genus (ca. 8–12 MYA).
A comparison of the optimality of statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation

Previous research has suggested the permutation test as the theoretically optimal statistical significance test for IR evaluation, and advocated for the discontinuation of the Wilcoxon and sign tests. We present a large-scale study comprising nearly 60 million system comparisons showing that in practice the bootstrap, t-test and Wilcoxon test outperform the permutation test under different optimality criteria. We also show that actual error rates seem to be lower than the theoretically expected 5%, further confirming that we may actually be underestimating significance.
Digital Ecosystems: Evolving Service-Orientated Architectures

A novel optimisation technique inspired by natural ecosystems is presented, where the optimisation works at two levels: a first optimisation, migration of services which are distributed in a decentralised peer-to-peer network, operating continuously in time; this process feeds a second optimisation based on evolutionary computing that operates locally on single peers and is aimed at finding solutions to satisfy locally relevant constraints. Through this two-fold process, the local search is accelerated and will yield better local optima, because the distributed optimisation already provides a good sampling of the search space by making use of computations already performed in other peers with similar constraints. We call this new distributed optimisation architecture a digital ecosystem, an ecosystem-orientated architecture (EOA) created by extending a service-oriented architecture (SOA) with distributed evolutionary computing (DEC). The digital ecosystem will allow services to recombine and evolve over time, constantly seeking to improve their effectiveness for the user base. individuals within our digital ecosystem will be applications (groups of services), created in response to user requests by using evolutionary optimisation to aggregate the services. These individuals will migrate through the digital ecosystem and adapt to find niches where they are useful in fulfilling other user requests
The CDK4/6 Inhibitor PD0332991 Reverses Epithelial Dysplasia Associated with Abnormal Activation of the Cyclin-CDK-Rb Pathway

Loss of normal growth control is a hallmark of cancer progression. Therefore, understanding the early mechanisms of normal growth regulation and the changes that occur during preneoplasia may provide insights of both diagnostic and therapeutic importance. Models of dysplasia that help elucidate the mechanisms responsible for disease progression are useful in highlighting potential targets for prevention. An important strategy in cancer prevention treatment programs is to reduce hyperplasia and dysplasia. This study identified abnormal upregulation of cell cycle–related proteins cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4, CDK6, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) as mechanisms responsible for maintenance of hyperplasia and dysplasia following downregulation of the initiating viral oncoprotein Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. Significantly, p53 was not required for successful reversal of hyperplasia and dysplasia. Ligand-induced activation of retinoid X receptor and PPARγ agonists attenuated cyclin D1 and CDK6 but not CDK4 or phosphorylated pRb upregulation with limited reversal of hyperplasia and dysplasia. PD0332991, an orally available CDK4/6 inhibitor, was able to prevent upregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK6 as well as CDK4 and phosphorylated pRb and this correlated with a more profound reversal of hyperplasia and dysplasia. In summary, the study distinguished CDK4 and phosphorylated pRb as targets for chemoprevention regimens targeting reversal of hyperplasia and dysplasia. Cancer Prev Res; 5(6); 810–21. ©2012 AACR.
Recasting Urban Political History: Gender, the Public, the Household, and Political Participation in Boston and San Francisco during the Progressive Era

Thanks to recent innovations in theories and methods of political history, an enormous task lies before those wishing to approach the social-scientific goal recently desribed as “total political history. ” Research and theorizing on the subjects of political culture, the autonomy of the state, language and discourse, the public sphere, and the importance of gender to political life promise to displace a long-standing interest among political historians in locating the social groups that presumably composed the “base” of historical regime and policy formation. The understanding of past politics as the epiphenomenal superstructure to an ontologically primary base of past society has been radically revised by scholarship presenting evidence of the relative autonomy of the state and of cultural structures within which both society and politics operate (Kousser 1982,1990; Skocpol 1985; McDonald 1986; Tropea 1989; Hunt 1986; Reddy 1987; Palmer 1990).
Specificity, Sensitivity, and Operability of RSID™‐Urine for Forensic Identification of Urine: Comparison with ELISA for Tamm‐Horsfall Protein

Abstract: In this study, the specificity, sensitivity, and operability of RSID™‐Urine, a new immunochromatographic test for urine identification, was evaluated and compared with ELISA detection of Tamm‐Horsfall protein (THP). Urine was successfully identified among other body fluids using RSID™‐Urine and ELISA detection of THP. The detection limit of RSID™‐Urine equated to 0.5 μL of urine; although the sensitivity of RSID™‐Urine may be lower than that of ELISA detection of THP, it is thought to be sufficient for application to casework samples. However, results from RSID™‐Urine must be interpreted with caution when the sample may have been contaminated with blood or vaginal fluid, because this might inhibit urine detection. The RSID™‐Urine assay can be performed in just 15 min by dropping the extracted sample onto the test cassette. Therefore, RSID™‐Urine should be an effective tool for the forensic identification of urine, in addition to ELISA detection of THP.
The Effect of Reading Preference on Reading Comprehension of Low Socioeconomic High School Students

The problem of this study was to examine the effect of reading preference on reading comprehension of low socioeconomic high school students. Subjects were 61 participants in the Upward Bound program at a major southwestern university; they represented urban high schools with high proportions of students of low socioeconomic status. Subjects completed cloze procedure reading passages in four categories: high preference independent level, high preference frustration level, non-expressed preference independent level, and non-expressed preference frustration level. From the results gathered, it was recommended (1) that reading ability assessments include measuring performance with high preference materials, (2) that instructional personnel ascertain and utilize student preferences as foundations for reading instruction, (3) that reading material not be withheld from students on the basis of difficulty, (4) that high preference reading materials be used in reading instruction by secondary reading and content area teachers, and (5) that school patrons be made aware of the value of free preference reading in reading skill development.
An Accurate DNA Sensing and Diagnosis Methodology Using Fabricated Silicon Nanopores

Nanopore-based biomolecular sensing is an emerging nanotechnology which relies on the ability to measure changes in ionic conductance of single nanoscale pores as biomolecular analytes are driven through them, one at a time, by an applied electric field. Nanopores constructed from self-assembled proteins as well as using silicon-based fabrication techniques have been demonstrated to allow sizing and identification of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biomolecules many times faster than with current technology. Despite the potential of nanopore sensing to produce "next generation" biomolecule analysis devices, its current demonstrations are based on the use of a simple dc stimulus across the nanopore. As a result, the resolution obtained is insufficient for many practical applications. In this paper, we report a novel diagnosis methodology for nanopore sensors based on optimization of a generalized electrical stimulus and a microscopic model of the biomolecule transport process. This methodology is applied to analyze the size distribution of an arbitrary mixture of DNA strands, which is a critical step in DNA sequencing. A transport model for long polymers in nanopores is built and parameterized to reproduce existing experimental data. The electrical stimulus is optimized "on-the-fly" using the model, to obtain a significant increase in the sizing resolution for any given range of DNA sizes and hence a clear identification of all sizes of DNA in the mixture. Hence, it is proposed that nanopore-based DNA sensing can be advanced significantly incurring no (or minimal) hardware overhead, by a combination of optimized stimuli and microscopic transport modeling
Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management (HMIPv6)

This document introduces extensions to Mobile IPv6 and IPv6 Neighbour Discovery to allow for local mobility handling. Hierarchical mobility management for Mobile IPv6 is designed to reduce the amount of signalling between the Mobile Node, its Correspondent Nodes, and its Home Agent. The Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) described in this document can also be used to improve the performance of Mobile IPv6 in terms of handover speed. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.
Are scattering properties of graphs uniquely connected to their shapes?

The famous question of Kac "can one hear the shape of a drum? " addressing the unique connection between the shape of a planar region and the spectrum of the corresponding Laplace operator, can be legitimately extended to scattering systems. In the modified version, one asks whether the geometry of a vibrating system can be determined by scattering experiments. We present the first experimental approach to this problem in the case of microwave graphs (networks) simulating quantum graphs. Our experimental results strongly indicate a negative answer. To demonstrate this we consider scattering from a pair of isospectral microwave networks consisting of vertices connected by microwave coaxial cables and extended to scattering systems by connecting leads to infinity to form isoscattering networks. We show that the amplitudes and phases of the determinants of the scattering matrices of such networks are the same within the experimental uncertainties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the scattering matrices of the networks are conjugated by the so-called transplantation relation.
Comparing motives, goals and weight training behaviours of competitive and recreational weight trainers: An application of organismic integration theory and goal contents theory

The study purpose was to examine differences between competitive and recreational weight trainers on indices of motivation, goals and behaviour. Data was collected from a purposive sample of competitive (n = 177; Mage = 30.86; SDage = 11.35) and recreational (n = 196; Mage = 21.97; SDage = 6.05) weight trainers using a crosssectional, non-experimental design. Participants completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2R, Exercise Motivations Inventory-2, assessment of weight training behaviour and demographic questions. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated higher endorsement of autonomous motives and mostly intrinsically-oriented goals, while independent samples t-tests indicated higher frequency of weight training behaviour among the competitive weight trainers. Group differences were independent of demographic factors. Findings suggest that autonomous motives and intrinsic goals may not be undermined by competition among competitive weight trainers. This study also provides support for the utility of organismic integration theory and goal contents theory in examining strength-based exercise.
MEMD-enhanced multivariate fuzzy entropy for the evaluation of complexity in biomedical signals

Multivariate multiscale entropy (mvMSE) has been proposed as a combination of the coarse-graining process and multivariate sample entropy (mvSE) to quantify the irregularity of multivariate signals. However, both the coarse-graining process and mvSE may not be reliable for short signals. Although the coarse-graining process can be replaced with multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD), the relative instability of mvSE for short signals remains a problem. Here, we address this issue by proposing the multivariate fuzzy entropy (mvFE) with a new fuzzy membership function. The results using white Gaussian noise show that the mvFE leads to more reliable and stable results, especially for short signals, in comparison with mvSE. Accordingly, we propose MEMD-enhanced mvFE to quantify the complexity of signals. The characteristics of brain regions influenced by partial epilepsy are investigated by focal and non-focal electroencephalogram (EEG) time series. In this sense, the proposed MEMD-enhanced mvFE and mvSE are employed to discriminate focal EEG signals from non-focal ones. The results demonstrate the MEMD-enhanced mvFE values have a smaller coefficient of variation in comparison with those obtained by the MEMD-enhanced mvSE, even for long signals. The results also show that the MEMD-enhanced mvFE has better performance to quantify focal and non-focal signals compared with multivariate multiscale permutation entropy.
Extracellular Zinc Ion Inhibits ClC-0 Chloride Channels by Facilitating Slow Gating

Extracellular Zn2+ was found to reversibly inhibit the ClC-0 Cl− channel. The apparent on and off rates of the inhibition were highly temperature sensitive, suggesting an effect of Zn2+ on the slow gating (or inactivation) of ClC-0. In the absence of Zn2+, the rate of the slow-gating relaxation increased with temperature, with a Q10 of ∼37. Extracellular Zn2+ facilitated the slow-gating process at all temperatures, but the Q10 did not change. Further analysis of the rate constants of the slow-gating process indicates that the effect of Zn2+ is mostly on the forward rate (the rate of inactivation) rather than the backward rate (the rate of recovery from inactivation) of the slow gating. When ClC-0 is bound with Zn2+, the equilibrium constant of the slow-gating process is increased by ∼30-fold, reflecting a 30-fold higher Zn2+ affinity in the inactivated channel than in the open-state channel. As examined through a wide range of membrane potentials, Zn2+ inhibits the opening of the slow gate with equal potency at all voltages, suggesting that a two-state model is inadequate to describe the slow-gating transition. Following a model originally proposed by Pusch and co-workers (Pusch, M., U. Ludewig, and T.J. Jentsch. 1997. J. Gen. Physiol. 109:105–116), the effect of Zn2+ on the activation curve of the slow gate can be well described by adding two constraints: (a) the dissociation constant for Zn2+ binding to the open channel is 30 μM, and (b) the difference in entropy between the open state and the transition state of the slow-gating process is increased by 27 J/ mol/°K for the Zn2+-bound channel. These results together indicate that extracellular Zn2+ inhibits ClC-0 by facilitating the slow-gating process.