Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface- and Contour-Preserving Origamic Architecture Paper Pop-Ups.

Origamic architecture (OA) is a form of papercraft that involves cutting and folding a single sheet of paper to produce a 3D pop-up, and is commonly used to depict architectural structures. Because of the strict geometric and physical constraints, OA design requires considerable skill and effort. In this paper, we present a method to automatically generate an OA design that closely depicts an input 3D model. Our algorithm is guided by a novel set of geometric conditions to guarantee the foldability and stability of the generated pop-ups. The generality of the conditions allows our algorithm to generate valid pop-up structures that are previously not accounted for by other algorithms. Our method takes a novel image-domain approach to convert the input model to an OA design. It performs surface segmentation of the input model in the image domain, and carefully represents each surface with a set of parallel patches. Patches are then modified to make the entire structure foldable and stable. Visual and quantitative comparisons of results have shown our algorithm to be significantly better than the existing methods in the preservation of contours, surfaces and volume. The designs have also been shown to more closely resemble those created by real artists.
An Index Theorem for Monotone Matrix-Valued Functions

The main result of this paper is the following index theorem, which is closely related to oscillation theorems on linear selfadjoint differential systems such as results by M. Morse. Let real $m\times m$-matrices $R_1, R_2, X, U $ be given, which satisfy $$ R_1R_2^T = R_2R_1^T \,, \quad X^TU = U^TX \,, \quad \:\mbox{rank}\:(R_1,R_2) = \;\mbox{rank}\:(X^T,U^T) = m. $$ Moreover, assume that $X(t), \;U(t)$ are real $m\times m$-matrix-valued functions on some interval ${\cal{J}} = [-\varepsilon , \varepsilon ] , \;\; \varepsilon >0$, such that $$ X^T(t) U(t) = U^T(t) X(t) \quad \mbox{on} \quad {\cal{J}}, $$ $$ X(t) \to X \quad \mbox{and} \quad U(t) \to U \quad \mbox{as} \quad t \to 0, $$ $$ X(t) \quad \mbox{is invertible for} \quad t\in {\cal{J}}\backslash \{0\} \,, \quad \mbox{and such that} $$ $$ U(t) X^{-1}(t) \quad \mbox{is decreasing on} \quad {\cal{J}}\backslash \{0\}, $$ and define $$ M(t) \equiv R_1R_2^T + R_2 U(t) X^{-1}(t) R_2^T , \quad \Lambda (t) \equiv R_1X(t) + R_2U(t) , \quad \Lambda \equiv R_1X + R_2U. $$ Then $\mbox{ind}\:M(0+), \;\;\mbox{ind}\:M(0-) ,$ and $\mbox{def}\:\Lambda (0+)$ exist and $$ \mbox{ind}\:M(0+) - \;\mbox{ind}\:M(0-) = \;\mbox{def}\:\Lambda - \;\mbox{def}\:\Lambda (0+) - \;\mbox{def}\:X , $$ where $\mbox{ind}$ denotes the index (the number of negative eigenvalues) and $\mbox{def}$ denotes the defect (the dimension of the kernel) of a matrix. The basic tool for the proof of this result consists of a theorem on the rank of a certain product of matrices, so that this rank theorem is the key result of the present paper.
Abstract interpretation of domain-specific embedded languages

A domain-specific embedded language (DSEL) is a domain-specific programming language with no concrete syntax of its own. Defined as a set of combinators encapsulated in a module, it borrows the syntax and tools (such as type-checkers and compilers) of its host language; hence it is economical to design, introduce, and maintain. Unfortunately, this economy is counterbalanced by a lack of room for growth. DSELs cannot match sophisticated domain-specific languages that offer tools for domainspecific error-checking and optimisation. These tools are usually based on syntactic analyses, so they do not work on DSELs. Abstract interpretation is a technique ideally suited to the analysis of DSELs, due to its semantic, rather than syntactic, approach. It is based upon the observation that analysing a program is equivalent to evaluating it over an abstract semantic domain. The mathematical properties of the abstract domain are such that evaluation reduces to solving a mutually recursive set of equations. This dissertation shows how abstract interpretation can be applied to a DSEL by replacing it with an abstract implementation of the same interface; evaluating a program with the abstract implementation yields an analysis result, rather than an executable. The abstract interpretation of DSELs provides a foundation upon which to build sophisticated error-checking and optimisation tools. This is illustrated with three examples: an alphabet analyser for CSP, an ambiguity test for parser combinators, and a definedness test for attribute grammars. Of these, the ambiguity test for parser combinators is probably the most important example, due to the prominence of parser combinators and their rather conspicuous lack of support for the well-known LL(k) test. In this dissertation, DSELs and their signatures are encoded using the polymorphic lambda calculus. This allows the correctness of the abstract interpretation of DSELs to be proved using the parametricity theorem: safety is derived for free from the polymorphic type of a program. Crucially, parametricity also solves a problem commonly encountered by other analysis methods: it ensures the correctness of the approach in the presence of higher-order functions.
Oil pollution monitoring: An integrated approach

Oil pollution on the ocean has been highlighted in the past 40 years by several tanker accidents in Europe, like those of Exxon Valdez, Erika or Prestige. But these oil tanker accidents only account for a few percent of the total oil pollution worldwide and hide the regular pollution in important traffic zones like the Mediterranean and other oceans caused by oil drillings or illegal discharges. Due to very regular acquisitions from imaging radar on board satellites since the beginning of the 90's, statistical information about slicks is available all over the world oceans. From the first SAR satellites dedicated to research (ERS series, RadarSat-1) via European Envisat, TerraSAR-X, Cosmo Skymed or Canadian RadarSat-2 to the new European Sentinel series (namely Sentinel 1A, 1B and possibly 1C in the future) oriented towards services and applications, the expertise from the R&D community allows a much better oil spill monitoring nowadays. Oil spills appear as a dark patch on the SAR image. Nevertheless, detecting oil slicks and oil spills remains difficult, as other phenomena are also modifying the sea surface conditions: wind, sea state, currents, … In order to go beyond oil spill detection and tracking and for setting an efficient prevention system, one must also detect and identify the ships responsible of the oil discharges. For that purpose, synergetic approaches have been used, mixing the radar imaging inputs with met information and mandatory ship identification systems (AIS — Automatic Identification System) mainly. This effort is quite important as the vast majority of these pollutions occur near the coastal zones where 80% of the world population lives.
Original Articles: Liver Failure and Liver DiseaseEarly change in bilirubin levels is an important prognostic factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone

Early identification of patients with severe (discriminant function ≥32) biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis (AH) who are not responding to corticosteroids would be clinically relevant. Our goal was to develop simple criteria that will help physicians to promptly identify nonresponders to corticosteroids. A total of 238 patients were included. We used 6 months survival as an end point because of the rule requiring 6 months for listing alcoholic patients for transplantation. Overall survival at 1 and 6 months was 85% ± 2.3% and 64.3% ± 3.3%, respectively. An early change in bilirubin levels (ECBL) at 7 days (defined as bilirubin level at 7 days lower than bilirubin level on the first day of treatment) was observed in 73% of patients. At 7 days, in patients with ECBL, bilirubin decreased (84 ± 75 μmol/L [4.94 ± 4.40 mg/dL]), whereas it increased in patients without ECBL (76.5 ± 77 μmol/L [4.50 ± 4.54 mg/dL], P < .0001). Ninety-five percent of patients with ECBL continued to have improved liver function during treatment. At 6 months, survival of patients with ECBL was significantly higher than that of patients without ECBL, 82.8% ± 3.3% versus 23% ± 5.8%, P < . 0001. On multivariate analysis, ECBL, discriminant function and creatinine were independent prognostic variables, and ECBL had the most important prognostic value. In conclusion, ECBL is a very simple predictive factor for identifying nonresponders. A recommendation to discontinue corticosteroids after 7 days in patients without ECBL, suggested by our results, awaits additional confirmation. (Hepatology 2003;38:1363-1369.)
Experimental characterization of induction electrohydrodynamics for integrated microchannel pumping

Microscale fluid flow using traveling-wave induction electrohydrodynamics is demonstrated. A three-phase traveling-wave device fabricated for the experiments provides a temporally and spatially varying electric field which helps induce ions in a fluid that is subjected to a temperature gradient. These ions are moved as the traveling wave propagates, resulting in a drag force being exerted on the surrounding fluid. Repulsion-type electrohydrodynamic flow is visualized in a microchannel of depth 50 µm, and results are presented in terms of velocity measurements using particle image velocimetry. The effects of voltage, traveling-wave frequency and the addition of externally applied heat are demonstrated and heat transfer capabilities of the micropump are discussed.
Adolescent turmoil: fact or fiction?

Summary The concept of adolescent turmoil is considered in the context of findings from a total population epidemiological study of Isle of Wight 14–15-yr-olds. It is concluded that parent child alienation is not a common feature unless the adolescents are already showing psychiatric problems. Inner turmoil, however, as represented by feelings of misery and self-depreciation is quite frequent. Psychiatric, conditions are only slightly commoner during adolescence than in middle childhood but the pattern of disorders changes in terms of an increase in depression and school refusal. Many adolescent psychiatric problems arise in early childhood but conditions arising for the first time during adolescence differ in important respect from those with an earlier onset.
Robust Output-Feedback Model Reference Adaptive Control of SISO Plants With Multiple Uncertain, Time-Varying State Delays

Within the model reference adaptive control framework, a simple adaptive output-feedback control scheme is developed for a class of linear single-input single-output dynamic systems with multiple state delays which is robust with respect to multiple unknown time-varying plant delays and to an external disturbance with unknown bounds. A special form of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with ldquovirtualrdquo adaptation gain is introduced to prove stability.
MR velocity mapping of tricuspid flow: Correction for through‐plane motion

We evaluated the effect of through‐plane motion on tricuspid flow measurements performed with MR velocity mapping in nine normal subjects and 15 patients with possible right ventricular (RV) disease. Eight parameters of RV diastolic function were derived from the tricuspid flow measurements, both before and after a correction for through‐plane motion. Measurements of E‐peak, A‐peak, and time‐to‐peak filling rate changed significantly after correction for through‐plane motion (P < .05). Tricuspid flow as a marker of RV diastolic function should be corrected for the effect of throughplane motion to improve functional evaluation of the RV.
UGT 2 B 17 status and risk of prostate cancer : A meta-analysis *

Objective: Recent studies on the association between Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl tranferases (UGT) 2B17 status and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods: We searched published literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between UGT2B17 status and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with UGT2B17 status. Results: A total of 6 studies with 7029 subjects (3839 cases and 3190 controls) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between UGT2B17 status and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.14 2.64, P < 0.001). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and types of controls. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that UGT2B17 status is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, and it contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer.
Bloumail: an interactive tool for blocking spam at the originator

In this paper we present Bloumail, a tool for detecting bot-generated spam. Bloumail operates, at the user-side on single user's email streams, handles reduced user-specific email traffic, and thus is able to effectively detect spam in real-time. Sometimes Bloumail requires user intervention. However, by properly training it, such an intervention can be kept at minimum.
Maximum entropy language modeling and the smoothing problem

This paper discusses various aspects of smoothing techniques in maximum entropy language modeling. This topic is typically not addressed in literature. The results can be summarized in four statements: 1) straightforward maximum entropy models with nested features, e.g., tri-, bi-, and uni-grams, result in unsmoothed relative frequencies models, 2) maximum entropy models with nested features and discounted feature counts approximate backing-off smoothed relative frequencies models with Kneser's advanced marginal back-off distribution. This explains some of the reported success of maximum entropy models in the past. 3) We give perplexity results for nested and nonnested features, e.g., trigrams and distance-trigrams, on a 4 million word subset of the Wall Street Journal Corpus. From these results we conclude that the smoothing method has more effect on the perplexity than the method of how to combine the different types of features. 4) We show perplexity results for nonnested features using log-linear interpolation of conventionally smoothed language models, giving evidence that this approach may be a first step to overcome the smoothing problem in the context of maximum entropy.
Diffeomorphic registration with self-adaptive spatial regularization for the segmentation of non-human primate brains

Cerebral aging has been linked to structural and functional changes in the brain throughout life. Here, we study the marmoset, a small non-human primate, in order to get insights into the mechanisms of brain aging in normal and pathological conditions. Imaging the brain of small animals with techniques such as MRI, quickly becomes a challenging task when compared with human brain imaging. Very often, a simple pre-processing step such as brain extraction cannot be achieved with classical tools. In this paper, we propose a diffeomorphic registration algorithm, which makes use of learned constraints to propagate the manual segmentation of a marmoset brain template to other MR images of marmoset brains. The main methological contribution of our paper is to explore a new strategy to automatically tune the spatial regularization of the deformations. Results show that we obtain a robust segmentation of the brain, even for images with a low contrast.
Population Study of Polymorphic Microsatellite DNA in Taiwan

This study examined the population frequency and genetic diversity of 13 autosomal STR loci in 12 populations of Taiwanese. The populations included Bunun, Paiwan, Saisiat, Tao, Ami, Rukai, Atayal, Tsou, Pazeh, Puyumar, Hakka and Han. The STR loci were the CODIS including D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, TH01, TPOX and CSF1PO. In this study no deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for the 13 STR loci by the exact test. The range of matching probability for the 13 loci is from 1.44 × 10-13 in Tsou to 8.76 × 10-15 in Taiwanese Han population. Only one mutation event in D8S1179 locus, altering allele 16 to 15, was detected in 250 meiosis alleles in the mutation screening. The Neighbor-joining tree of cluster analysis was constructed with the genetic distance of 12 populations on 13 loci, which may be useful for phylogenetic study of populations in Taiwan. These data supported the Hanization hypothesis for populations in Taiwan.
Evidence of IL-18 as a Novel Angiogenic Mediator1

Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel growth, is a key process in the development of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Integral to this pathologic proliferation are proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized a role for IL-18 as an angiogenic mediator in RA. We examined the effect of human IL-18 on human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) migration. IL-18 induced HMVEC migration at 1 nM (p < 0.05). RA synovial fluids potently induced endothelial cell migration, but IL-18 immunodepletion resulted in a 68 ± 5% decrease in HMVEC migration (p < 0.05). IL-18 appears to act on HMVECs via αvβ3 integrin. To test whether IL-18 induced endothelial cell tube formation in vitro, we quantitated the degree of tube formation on Matrigel matrix. IL-18, 1 or 10 nM, resulted in a 77% or 87% increase in tube formation compared with control (p < 0.05). To determine whether IL-18 may be angiogenic in vivo, we implanted IL-18 in Matrigel plugs in mice, and IL-18 at 1 and 10 nM induced angiogenesis (p < 0.05). The angiogenesis observed appears to be independent of the contribution of local TNF-α, as evidenced by adding neutralizing anti-TNF-α Ab to the Matrigel plugs. In an alternative in vivo model, sponges embedded with IL-18 or control were implanted into mice. IL-18 (10 nM) induced a 4-fold increase in angiogenesis vs the control (p < 0.05). These findings support a novel function for IL-18 as an angiogenic factor in RA and may elucidate a potential therapeutic target for angiogenesis-directed diseases.
The impact of human resources on the agility, flexibility and performance of wine supply chains

Th e research propose s a structural equation model (SEM) that integrates four latent variables: human resources skills, fl exibility, agility, and the economic supply chain (SC) performance for wineries that together include fi fteen observed variables. Th e data was obtained from 64 surveys applied to managers in the wineries in La Rioja, Spain. Direct, the indirect and total eff ects are analysed to prove six hypotheses that relate the aforementioned latent variables. Th e results indicate that the skills of human resources are a source of fl exibility and agility in the supply chain for wineries in La Rioja and thus a direct and indirect source of economic performance.
Carrier Sensing Scheme for Device Discovery in Bluetooth Low Energy Networks

Many researchers give attention to Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) because it has solutions for short range communications. However, there still are many challenging issues which must be resolved before applying to the environment. Therefore, this paper propose an enhanced discovery mechanism for BLE device in order to avoid collisions during advertisement period. We adopt carrier sensing to BLE device as the advertiser. Thereby, the proposed scheme can achieve lower latency as well as energy consumption and establish effect by analyzing and simulating the methods.
Energy efficient on-chip wireless interconnects with sleepy transceivers

Both industry and academia has accepted Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) as the communication backbone for multi-core Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). But the traditional approach of implementing a NoC with planar metal interconnects has high latency and significant power consumption overhead. This is due to multi-hop links used in data exchange, specifically when the number of cores is significantly high. To address these problems multi-hop wire interconnects in a NoC can be replaced with high-bandwidth single-hop long-range wireless links. This opens up new opportunities for detailed investigations into the energy efficient design of wireless NoCs using suitable on-chip wireless transceivers. Wireless transceivers with power gating can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the interconnection network. In this paper we have implemented and evaluated sleep transistor based power-gated transceiver for low power on-chip wireless interconnects. This approach improved power saving for wireless communication up to 70% compared to existing wireless NoC. The transceiver consumes 36.8771 mA current while on and less than 9 nA while in sleep mode from 1 V power supply. The delay associated with this wireless transceiver is less than 10 ps.
Superiorly Based Nasolabial Interpolation Flap for Repair of Complex Nasal Tip Defects

Background. Reconstruction of full‐thickness defects of the nasal tip is one of the most challenging aspects of cutaneous oncologic surgery. It is imperative that the cutaneous surgeon be intimately familiar with all the available surgical options to provide for the best postoperative outcome. Objective. To describe an additional surgical option for reconstruction of complex small to medium‐size full‐thickness nasal tip defects involving more than one cosmetic unit. Methods. Three patients underwent reconstruction of complex full‐thickness nasal tip defects using a two‐stage nasolabial interpolation flap. Results. Closure of each surgical defect was achieved with the two‐stage nasolabial interpolation flap with good cosmetic results in the first postoperative year. Conclusions. The two‐stage nasolabial interpolation flap is a useful tool in the reconstruction of complex full‐thickness defects of the nasal tip.
A novel TaulacZ allele reveals a requirement for Pitx2 in formation of the mammillothalamic tract

The hypothalamic mammillary region is critical for spatial memory and vestibular processing. Pitx2 encodes a paired‐like transcription factor that is highly expressed in the developing mammillary region and is required for subthalamic nucleus formation. Here we analyzed a loss of function Pitx2‐TaulacZ knock‐in allele to study the effects of Pitx2 deficiency on neuronal projections in the embryonic mammillary region. Pitx2‐expressing neurons contribute axons to principal mammillary, mammillotegmental and mammillotectal tracts. Embryos with Pitx2 deficiency exhibit axonal fibers in the principal mammillary tract that are improperly bundled and disorganized, yet project caudally toward the tectum and tegmentum. Embryos with Nestin‐Cre mediated conditional Pitx2 deficiency exhibit truncated mammillothalamic tracts (mtt) that fail to elongate, and reduced Pax6‐positive cells at the branching point of the principal mammillary and mtt. These data suggest that Pitx2 mediates cell‐autonomous and nonautonomous guidance cues necessary for mammillary collaterals destined to project to the anterior thalamus. genesis 50:67–73, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gated Diode Investigation of Bias Temperature Instability in High- $\kappa$ FinFETs

Bias temperature instability (BTI) in FinFET transistors was investigated by charge-pumping (CP) and gated-diode measurements using n<sup>+</sup>/p<sup>-</sup> /p<sup>+</sup> structures with the gate interface identical to that in SOI-FinFETs. The results show greatly improved sensitivity for gated diode measurements than for CP. The pre-stress interface trap density was found to be N<sub>IT</sub> ≅ 10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> for SiO<sub>2</sub>/2 nm-HfSiON/TiN/polySi-capped gate stacks, which is about one decade larger than in planar devices. The kinetics of ΔN<sub>IT</sub>(t) under negative bias stress conditions (NBTI) suggests N<sub>IT</sub> is generated by Si-H bond breaking. The mechanism for interface trap generation under positive bias stress conditions (PBTI) requires further investigation.