Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MODEL PENCIPTAAN LAPANGAN KERJA MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL PADA KECAMATAN SAMARINDA ILIR

This study was conducted in 13 villages in the district with the object Samarinda Ilir the business potential. The goal of this study is to identify the potential resource of the local economy that highly attractive, competitive and potentially to create jobs. Data were collected through focus group discussion with the community. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the economically productive featured most likely to create jobs is trade, home industry and services and agriculture.
Ipsilateral Area 3b Responses to Median Nerve Somatosensory Stimulation

Magnetoencephalography investigation of the somatosensory evoked fields for median nerve stimulation detected ipsilateral area 3b responses in 18 hemispheres of 14 (1 normal subject and 13 patients with brain diseases) among 482 consecutive subjects. The major three peaks in the ipsilateral response were named iP50m, iN75m, and iP100m, based on the current orientation in the posterior, anterior, and posterior directions and the latency of 52.7 +/- 6.2, 74.1 +/- 9.4, and 100.2 +/- 15.8 ms (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively. The moment of the iP50m dipole (9.4 +/- 5.7 nAm) was significantly smaller than that of the N20m dipole of the contralateral response (cN20m, 27.5 +/- 10.5 nAm, P < 0.0001). Dipoles of iP50m and cN20m were similarly localized on the posterior bank of the central sulcus. iP50m in the present study had the same current orientation as and peak latency similar to that of the first ipsilateral primary somatosensory response to lip stimulation in our previous report. Therefore, the somatosensory afferent pathway from the hand may reach directly to the ipsilateral area 3b at least in part of the human population.
Clinical predictors of serum clozapine levels in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Fixed oral doses of clozapine produce up to 45-fold interindividual variability among its serum levels in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Although the relationship between serum clozapine level and its therapeutic response is uncertain, the presence of a therapeutic window and level-dependent adverse effects require the estimation of serum clozapine levels. As routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine is not feasible in many clinical settings, identification of clinical predictors of serum clozapine levels is desirable. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the clinical variables associated with serum clozapine levels. We assessed the sociodemographic and clinical profiles, cognition, disability and psychopathology of 101 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia on a stable dose of clozapine, using standard assessment schedules. We determined their serum clozapine levels using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. While employing multivariate robust regression models, oral clozapine dose (P<0.001), caffeine intake (P=0.04) and Valproate comedication (P=0.005) were associated with serum clozapine levels. Serum clozapine levels above 750 ng/ml increased the risk of seizures (odds ratio 5.15; P=0.03). Clinical variables are useful to model a dosing nomogram for serum clozapine levels. The importance of caffeine consumption and Valproate comedication should be considered during clozapine dose adjustments to enhance its therapeutic response and safety profile.
Genetic heterogeneity among isolates of Ross River virus from different geographical regions

The RNase T1 maps of 80 isolates of Ross River virus from different regions of mainland Australia and the Pacific Islands were compared. Four different clusters of isolates with greater than an estimated 5 to 6% diversity at the nucleotide level were found. There was a pattern of differences between eastern and western Australian strains; however, the pattern was disturbed by overlaps and incursants. Pacific Islands isolates belonged to the eastern Australian topotype. Our findings suggest that certain genetic types of Ross River virus predominate in different geographical regions. In contrast, populations of other important Australian arboviruses (Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin, and Sindbis viruses) are distributed across the Australian continent as minor variants of one strain. Our data also show that in one region, strains of Ross River virus with identical RNase T1 maps circulate during both years when epidemics occur and years when they do not. This finding suggests that Ross River virus epidemics are not dependent on the introduction or evolution of new strains of the virus. Two strains, belonging to the eastern Australian topotype, were isolated in Western Australia. It is likely that viremic humans or possibly domestic livestock travelling by aircraft were responsible for this movement.
Tradeoffs between Local Taxes and Government Spending as Determinants of Business Location

This paper investigates the effects of local fiscal policy on the location decisions of 3,763 establishments that began operations in Maine between 1993 and 1995. Empirical results, estimated from Poisson and negative binomial regression models, indicate that businesses favor municipalities that spend high amounts on public goods and services, even when these expenditures are financed by an increase in local taxes. This suggests that a local fiscal policy of reduced government spending, to balance a tax cut, may attract fewer new businesses than a policy featuring additional spending and higher taxes. Copyright Blackwell Publishers, 2004
Environmental Signals Controlling Sexual Development of the Corn Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis through the Transcriptional Regulator Prf1

Environmental signals induce and coordinate discrete morphological transitions during sexual development of Ustilago maydis. In this fungus, mating of two compatible haploid sporidia is a prerequisite for plant infection. Cell fusion is governed by the action of pheromones and receptors, whereas the subsequent pathogenicity program is controlled by the combinatorial interaction of homeodomain proteins. The U. maydis pheromone response factor (Prf1) is a central regulator of both processes. We have analyzed the regulation of the prf1 gene and demonstrate that pheromone and cAMP signaling regulate prf1 post-transcriptionally. Transcriptional activation of prf1 was observed in the presence of carbon sources, such as glucose and fructose, allowing us to define the cis-acting element in the prf1 promoter that mediates these effects. The same element provides for negative control of prf1 gene transcription at high cAMP levels. A protein that specifically binds to this element was purified and analyzed for its role in prf1 gene regulation. On the basis of these results, we present a model in which prf1 integrates different environmental signals to control development in U. maydis.
The Informational Role of Stock and Warrant Trades: Empirical Evidence from China

This paper analyzes intraday interdependence of returns and trades between Chinese equity and warrants markets based on a vector autoregression framework proposed by Chan et al. (2002). We find that both stock and warrant trades contain useful information for revealing quotes in the stock and warrants markets using 60- and 100-second data frequencies. However, when the data frequency is reduced from 100 seconds to 5 minutes, we find that stock volume has a negative impact on contemporaneous stock returns, which contradicts the informational effect of stock-trading activities.
PCNA is ubiquitinated by RNF8

The ubiquitination of PCNA is an essential event in the operation of the DNA Damage Tolerance (DDT) pathway that is activated after DNA damage caused by UV or chemical agents during S-phase. This pathway allows the bypass of DNA damage by translesion synthesis that would otherwise cause replication fork stalling. PCNA is mono-ubiquitinated by Rad18-Rad6, and polyubiquitinated by Rad5-Ubc13/Uev1 in the DDT pathway. Mono-and polyubiquitination of PCNA are key processes in the translesion bypass and template switching sub-pathways of the DDT. DNA damage by IR causes DSBs, which trigger the DNA Damage Response (DDR). The ubiquitin ligase RNF8 has a critical role in the assembly of BRCA1 complexes at the DSBs in the DDR. We show that RNF8 readily mono-ubiquitinates PCNA in the presence of UbcH5c, and polyubiquitinates PCNA in the added presence of Ubc13/Uev1a. These reactions are the same as those performed by Rad18-Rad6 and Rad5-Ubc13. RNF8 depletion suppressed both UV and MNNG-stimulated mono-ubiquitination of PCNA, revealing that an RNF8-dependent pathway for PCNA ubiquitination is operative in vivo. These findings provide evidence that RNF8, a key E3 ligase in the DDR, may also play a role in the DDT.
The Impact of the Bystander’s Relationship With the Victim and the Perpetrator on Intent to Help in Situations Involving Sexual Violence

A large body of research has explored the individual and situational factors that influence bystander intervention for sexual violence. However, little research has explored the how the bystander’s relationship to the victim and the perpetrator impacts helping. To explore this gap in the literature, the present study used vignettes to experimentally manipulate the bystander’s relationship to the victim, and the bystander’s relationship to the perpetrator to examine how these factors impact intent to help in low (i.e., unwanted contact) and high (i.e., situation at high risk of rape) severity situations of sexual violence. The gender of the bystander was also examined by recruiting a sample of women and men. Results suggested that bystanders were more likely to intervene when the situation was more severe and when the bystander was female. Results were mixed regarding intent to help when the bystander knew the victim or the perpetrator. Moreover, these factors interacted in complicated ways such that, for example, women are equally likely to intend to help a victim whether they know the perpetrator or not while men are more likely to help a victim if the perpetrator is someone they do not know. The results of this study suggest that bystander intervention for situations involving sexual violence are complex and future research should further tease out the moderating effects. Prevention programs using a bystander framework may need some segments of training that are more gender specific and that directly address the relationship between the bystander and the victim and perpetrator.
Best Practices to Improve Police Relations with Transgender Individuals

Many experts agree that being transgender is a reflection of normal variation of human development and not a mental illness. However, transgender individuals continue to experience a wide range of unique challenges in their everyday lives, in workplaces, healthcare settings, judicial system, housing, and on occasion, in their interactions with law enforcement. Some transgender individuals have a general lack of trust of police, perhaps arising from first-hand experiences or the experiences of friends and community members, or as a result of the media publicizing accounts of harassment and incidents of abuse. Police departments should consider sensitivity training of law enforcement professionals to increase awareness and appreciation of gender diversity, to avoid personal biases and assumptions, and to avoid costly litigation from civil rights violations. Such training would help police officers improve interactions and communications with transgender individuals when officers are assisting these individuals or in cases where an arrest must be made. Transgender individuals should also be aware that they too have responsibilities during interactions with police, and their behavior can positively or negatively impact the outcome of such encounters. To help improve relations and bolster trust between the transgender community and law enforcement, police officers should consider speaking at local or national transgender organizations and conferences.
Housing Markets and the Global Financial Crisis: The Complex Dynamics of a Credit Shock

type="main" xml:id="coep12070-abs-0001"> We analyze the multiple channels of influence that global financial crisis-induced credit restrictions had on New Zealand's subnational housing markets. The dynamics caused by the credit shock are compared to those caused by a migration shock, a more common form of housing shock in New Zealand. We focus on the impacts on two outcome variables, house prices and housing supply, within a structural time series model of regional housing markets. Both shocks cause substantial and prolonged cyclical adjustments in each variable. Similar cyclical dynamics could complicate the conduct of macroprudential policies designed to affect bank credit allocation. (JEL E32, E44, R21)
Expression of UGT2B7 is driven by two mutually exclusive promoters and alternative splicing in human tissues: changes from prenatal life to adulthood and in kidney cancer

Objective UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) plays a major detoxification role in commonly prescribed drugs and endogenous lipophilic molecules. Additional exons and multiple alternative splicing events (ASEs) at the UGT2B7 locus were recently discovered. Materials and methods Novel and classical ASEs were quantified in 27 human tissues, as well as in fetal and tumoral tissues. The activity of the alternative UGT2B7 promoters was studied in cell lines. Results UGT2B7 expression is driven by an alternate promoter 1a associated with transcripts containing exon 1b, which is located ∼44 kb upstream of the known promoter 1 associated with transcripts containing exon 1 required for enzyme activity. The exon 1 was expressed most abundantly in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, whereas exon 1b was expressed predominantly in other extrahepatic tissues. Experimental evidence indicated endogenous translation that yields alternative UGT2B7s derived from the use of exon 1b are enzymatically inactive. Alternate 5′ ASE predominates in fetal tissues (kidney, lung) and kidney tumor samples compared with normal adult kidney. These changes further correlate with reduced glucuronidation in neoplastic kidneys. This differential expression pattern was further confirmed using four liver and kidney cell lines and was consistent with the differential usage of alternate promoters in hepatic (promoter 1) and kidney cells (1a). Conclusion UGT2B7 is characterized by two mutually exclusive exons 1, both flanked by a unique 5′ promoter region. Data also indicated a switch toward functional enzyme upon maturation in the kidney and reversal of this process in neoplastic cells, considerably modifying the glucuronidation potential across human tissues and cells.
Present and future of in vitro immunotoxicology in drug development

The realization, that the immune system can be the target of many chemicals including environmental contaminants and drugs with potentially adverse effects on the host’s health, has raised serious concerns within the public and the regulatory agencies. At present, assessment of immunotoxic effects relies on different animal models and several assays have been proposed to characterize immunosuppression and sensitization. The use of whole animals, however, presents many secondary issues, such as expense, ethical concerns, and eventual relevance to risk assessment for humans. Furthermore, due to the new policy on chemicals (REACH), in the European Union, in vitro methods will play a major role in the near future. In addition, there is still a lack of human cell-based immunotoxicity assays for predicting the toxicity of xenobiotics toward the immune system in a simple, fast, economical, and reliable way. Hypersensitivity and immunosuppression, for which animal models have been developed and validated, are considered the primary focus for developing in vitro methods in immunotoxicology. Nevertheless, in vitro assays, as well as in vivo models, to detect immunostimulation and autoimmunity are also needed. Even if no validated alternative in vitro tests to assess immunotoxicity exist, in the last decade, much progress has been made toward these assays. Such models can be, at least, used for the pre-screening and hazard identification of unintended immunosuppression and contact hypersensitivity of direct immunotoxicants. Following a brief introduction to immunotoxicology and to in vivo models use to assess immunotoxicity, this manuscript will review the state-of-the-art in the field of in vitro immunotoxicity.
The Output Decision of a Risk‐Neutral Producer Under Risk of Liquidation

A risk-neutral producer faces liquidity constraint that forces him to liquidate real assets in imperfect markets if he cannot meet his cash obligation, entailing a fixed liquidation cost. Under this risk of liquidation, the risk-neutral producer is shown to refuse to undertake a risky project with positive expected excess return, exhibiting first-order risk aversion. The optimal output level of the producer is piecewise linear in wealth; it decreases or increases depending on whether the expected excess return is positive or negative. The producer's apparent utility function exhibits an S-shaped curve when the initial liquid assets are affected by a background risk that is normally distributed.
The Influence of a Shortened Magazine Supply Duration on Newsstand Magazine Sales

This article examines how shortened magazine supply duration of magazines effects newsstand sales. Based on a quasi-experimental design, panel data are gathered from a total of 33 newsstand vendors in cooperation with a magazine wholesaler in southwestern Germany. As results show, a shortening in magazines' supply duration does not lead to a significant decrease in a newsstand vendor's or a wholesaler's overall revenues. Furthermore, diverse categories of magazines are affected differently by a shortening of supply durations.
On the classical theory of particles

A set of classical relativistic equations of motion of an electron in an electromagnetic field is postulated. These equations are free from ‘run-away’ solutions, and give the same results as the Maxwell-Lorentz theory for non-relativistic motions when the external electromagnetic field does not vary too rapidly. For the scattering of light by an electron, the scattering crosssection is independent of the frequency and is a universal constant. This brings out a point of difference from the Lorentz-Dirac equations according to which the scattering cross-section varies inversely as the square of the frequency of the incident light, for large frequencies. For the motion of an electron towards a fixed proton, the equations allow a collision, unlike the Lorentz-Dirac equations according to which the electron is brought to rest before it reaches the proton.
How fast has Chinese industry grown

Data for recent years indicate an acceleration of Chinese industrial growth, from the annual rates of about 10 percent recorded in the quarter century before economic reform to figures approaching 15 percent in the mid- and late 1980s. Evaluating the statistics underlying these reports requires an appraisal of how economic reform has affected the ability of China's statistical system to measure economic performance. Erroneous information about the rate and pattern of industrial growth could distort measures of productivity change considered to be central indicators of the effectiveness of Chinese industrial reform. The author describes the statistical materials and procedures used to provide information on the growth of industrial output. He investigates sources of bias in the official statistics to indicate, whenever possible, how these biases affected reported output totals, and to appraise the impact of adjustments to reported output growth on measures of industrial productivity. The specific consequences of decentralized decisionmaking, growing price flexibility, inflation, dual pricing systems, the emergence of enterprises with few or no ties to the system of state planning, and other emerging features of the industrial system may be unique to China but the broader issues raised are relevant in many countries. The author finds considerable evidence of an upward bias in measures of China's real industrial output in the past decade. The issue is not whether such bias exists but whether its presence substantially alters our perception of the rate and pattern of Chinese industrial growth. To clarify this issue requires investigating the extent of possible upward bias. This in turn calls for an analysis of possible links between upward bias - which is itself difficult to observe - and other economic patterns that may be more readily measurable.
Caregiving spouses’ attachment orientations and the physical and psychological health of individuals with Alzheimer's disease

Objective: Attachment theory is a useful framework for understanding how caregiving dyads regulate emotions and maintain feelings of security in reaction to a loved one's chronic illness. In this study we examined the extent to which the attachment orientations (anxiety and avoidance) of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their spousal caregivers were associated with each partner's report of the physical and psychological health symptoms of the person with AD. Method: Fifty-eight individuals with AD and their spousal caregivers each completed a 12-item self-report measure of trait attachment orientation and rated the physical and psychological health symptoms of the person with AD over the past two weeks. Data from the persons with AD were used after determining that they were able to provide reliable responses. Results: As predicted, individuals with AD who were high in anxious attachment self-reported more physical and psychological symptoms, particularly when their caregivers were high in anxious attachment. Also, caregivers perceived more physical symptoms in individuals with AD who were high in avoidant attachment. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering the attachment security of both caregivers and persons with AD when considering how each partner views the psychological and physical health symptoms of the person with AD. Our results have implications for providing care-recipients and caregivers with improved, tailored care.
Quantification of glutamate and glutamine using constant‐time point‐resolved spectroscopy at 3 T

Separate quantification of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) using conventional MRS on clinical scanners is challenging. In previous work, constant‐time point‐resolved spectroscopy (CT‐PRESS) was optimized at 3 T to detect Glu, but did not resolve Gln. To quantify Glu and Gln, a time‐domain basis set was constructed taking into account metabolite T2 relaxation times and dephasing from B0 inhomogeneity. Metabolite concentrations were estimated by fitting the basis one‐dimensional CT‐PRESS diagonal magnitude spectra to the measured spectrum. This method was first validated using seven custom‐built phantoms containing variable metabolite concentrations, and then applied to in vivo data acquired in rats exposed to vaporized ethanol and controls. Separate metabolite quantification revealed increased Gln after 16 weeks and increased Glu after 24 weeks of vaporized ethanol exposure in ethanol‐treated compared with control rats. Without separate quantification, the signal from the combined resonances of Glu and Gln (Glx) showed an increase at both 16 and 24 weeks in ethanol‐exposed rats, precluding the determination of the independent and differential contribution of each metabolite at each time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.