Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential roles of prostaglandin E-type receptors in activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 by prostaglandin E1 in vascular-derived cells under non-hypoxic conditions

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), known pharmaceutically as alprostadil, has vasodilatory properties and is used widely in various clinical settings. In addition to acute vasodilatory properties, PGE1 may exert beneficial effects by altering protein expression of vascular cells. PGE1 is reported to be a potent stimulator of angiogenesis via upregulation of VEGF expression, which is under the control of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). However, the molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which PGE1 induces HIF-1 activation and VEGF gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), both vascular-derived cells. HUVECs and HASMCs were treated with PGE1 at clinically relevant concentrations under 20% O2 conditions and HIF-1 protein expression was investigated. Expression of HIF- 1α protein and the HIF-1-downstream genes were low under 20% O2 conditions and increased in response to PGE1 treatment in both HUVECs and HASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner under 20% O2 conditions as comparable to exposure to 1% O2 conditions. Studies using EP-receptor-specific agonists and antagonists revealed that EP1 and EP3 are critical to PGE1-induced HIF-1 activation. In vitro vascular permeability assays using HUVECs indicated that PGE1 increased vascular permeability in HUVECs. Thus, we demonstrate that PGE1 induces HIF- 1α protein expression and HIF-1 activation under non-hypoxic conditions and also provide evidence that the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways downstream of EP1 and EP3 receptors is required for HIF-1 activation.
Performance evaluation of checksum-based ABFT

In algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT), fault tolerance is tailored to the algorithm performed. Most of the previous studies that compared ABFT schemes considered only error detection and correction capabilities. Some previous studies looked at the overhead but no previous work compared different recovery schemes for data processing applications considering throughput as the main metric. We compare the performance of two recovery schemes: recomputing and ABFT correction, for different error rates. We consider errors that occur during computation as well as those that occur during error detection, location and correction processes. A metric for performance evaluation of different design alternatives is defined. Results show that multiple error correction using ABFT has poorer performance than single error correction even at high error rates. We also present, implement and evaluate early detection in ABFT. In early detection, we try to detect the errors that occur in the checksum calculation before starting the actual computation. Early detection improves throughput in cases of intensive computations and cases of high error rates.
Phantom materialization for headphone reproduction

Conventional stereo audio material is often produced using amplitude panning techniques to achieve flexible positioning of sound sources with a limited number of loudspeakers. Consequently, for faithful playback the orientation and position of the listener are very restricted. If stereo audio is reproduced over virtual loudspeakers on headphones incorporating head-tracking, these position and orientation restrictions limit the realism and spatial accuracy of the reproduction. In this paper, it will be outlined that amplitude panning and the corresponding phantom sound sources cause spatial quality limitations for headphone rendering. A novel method to circumvent phantom imaging on headphones is presented and evaluated in a listening test.
Moderate to severe HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment

Background:HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains highly prevalent despite effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART). A number of adjunctive pharmacotherapies for HAND have been studied with disappointing results, but preliminary data suggest that lithium may provide clinical benefit. In addition, the low cost of lithium would facilitate access in low- and middle-income countries which carry the greatest burden of HIV. Methods:Our objective was to evaluate the 24-week efficacy and safety of lithium in patients with moderate to severe HAND. Our primary efficacy endpoint was the change in Global Deficit Score (GDS) from baseline to 24 weeks, whereas our secondary endpoint was the change in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) brain metabolite concentrations. We conducted a 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of lithium as adjunctive pharmacotherapy. We enrolled participants with moderate to severe HAND, on ART for at least 6 months, with suppressed viral loads and attending public sector primary care clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. We randomized 66 participants to lithium (n = 32) or placebo (n = 34). Lithium or placebo was dosed 12-hourly and titrated to achieve the maintenance target plasma concentration of 0.6 to 1.0 mmol/L. Sham lithium concentrations were generated for participants receiving placebo. Results:Totally 61 participants completed the study (lithium arm = 30; placebo arm = 31). Participants at enrolment had a mean age of 40 years and a median CD4+ T-cell count of 500 cells/&mgr;L. The median change in GDS between baseline and week 24 for the lithium and placebo arms were –0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.77, –0.32) and –0.56 (–0.69, –0.34) respectively, with a mean difference of –0.054 (95% CI –0.26, 0.15); P = 0.716. The improvement remained similar when analyzed according to age, severity of impairment, CD4+ count, time on ART, and ART regimen. Standard 1H-MRS metabolite concentrations were similar between the treatment arms. The study drug was well tolerated in both study arms. Six serious adverse events occurred, but none were considered related to the study drug. Conclusion:Adjunctive lithium pharmacotherapy in patients on ART with HAND was well tolerated but had no additional benefit on neurocognitive impairment.
Zoning based Devanagari character recognition

In character recognition, zoning based feature extraction is one of the most popular methods. The character image is divided into predefined number of zones and a feature is computed from each of these zones. Usually, this feature is based on the pattern (black) pixels contained in that zone. Some of such features are average pixel density, sum squared distance, histogram. But in such features, say the average pixel density, different combination location of pixels can all give rise to same average pixel density. This often leads to errors in classification. In this paper, a new technique is presented where the pattern pixel location is also taken into account to contribute as much unique feature as possible. The experimental tests, carried out in the field of Devanagari handwritten numeral and character recognition show that the proposed technique leads to improvement over the traditional zoning methods. General Terms Character recognition.
Women's Gendered Experiences as Long-Term Three Mile Island Activists

This article examines women who have been antinuclear activists at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant for two decades. Qualitative interviews focus on their perceived transformations over time that are based on gender and everyday experiences. They perceive gender as both a barrier and a facilitator to activism, even after 20 years. Women describe their technological education as one strategy to overcome the barrier of gender. On the other hand, they consider the gendered role of motherhood as a primary catalyst for action. In addition, they discuss individual everyday experiences focused on the health concerns for family members that influenced their political activity. Over time, women linked personal transformations with increased political understanding and involvement.
MS‐based glycomic strategies for probing the structural details of polylactosaminoglycan chain on N‐glycans and glycoproteomic identification of its protein carriers

Most MS‐based glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses focus on identifying changes in terminal glyco‐epitopes represented by sialylation and fucosylation at specific positions of the terminal N‐acetyllactosamine units. Much less attention was accorded to the underlying linear or branched poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine extension from the N‐glycan trimannosyl core other than a simple inference of its presence due to mass data and hence glycosyl compositional assignment. Using the EA.hy926 cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we have systematically investigated the MALDI‐ and ESI‐MS‐based methodologies for probing the structural details of endothelial polylactosaminoglycans at both MS and MS2 levels in conjunction with the use of endo‐β‐galactosidase to identify branching motifs and initiation sites. We showed that the polylactosaminoglycan chains on the N‐glycans of EA.hy926 were less sialylated and fucosylated but more extended and branched than those of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, thus demonstrating a fundamental glycomic difference. For EA.hy926 that was investigated in more details, its polylactosaminoglycan chains were shown to be not restricted to extending from a specific antenna including the biologically important 6‐arm position. Finally, experimental conditions for glycopeptide enrichment by tomato lectin were further optimized, which led to identification of over 40 candidate endothelial membrane protein carriers of polylactosaminoglycans by proteomic analysis.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Illusions that induce a feeling of ownership over an artiﬁcial body or body-part have been used to explore the complex relationships that exist between the brain’s representation of the body and the integrity of the body itself. Here we discuss recent ﬁndings in both healthy volunteers and clinical populations that highlight the robust relationship that exists between a person’s sense of ownership over a body part, cortical processing of tactile input from that body part, and its physiological regulation. We propose that a network of multisensory and homeostatic brain areas may be responsible for maintaining a ‘body-matrix’. That is, a dynamic neural representation that not only extends beyond the body surface to integrate both somatotopic and peripersonal sensory data, but also integrates body-centred spatial sensory data. The existence of such a ‘body-matrix’ allows our brain to adapt to even profound anatomical and conﬁgu-rational changes to our body. It also plays an important role in maintaining homeostatic control over the body. Its alteration can be seen to have both deleterious and beneﬁcial effects in various clinical populations.
Replication of Coxsackievirus B3 in Primary Cell Cultures Generates Novel Viral Genome Deletions

ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) generates 5′-terminally deleted genomes (TDs) during replication in murine hearts. We show here that CVB3 populations with TDs can also be generated within two to three passages of CVB3 in primary, but not immortalized, cell cultures. Deletions of less than 49 nucleotides increase in size during passage, while 5′ TDs of 49 nucleotides appear to be the maximum deletion size. The cellular environment of contact-inhibited primary cell cultures or the myocardium in vivo is sufficient for the selection of 5′ TDs over undeleted genomes.
Construing Organizational Identity: The Role of Embodied Cognition

This paper presents a theory of organizational identity based on embodied cognition. Embodied cognitive science focuses on developing theories that reveal how humans’ capacities to process information and gain knowledge are functions of bodily experiences. What members come to know about an organization is a function of what they physically experience, as well as what is in their heads. We propose and examine four embodied capacities that members use to construe what they believe is central, distinctive, and enduring about their organizations. We suggest this approach reveals an important fourth dimension of OI: that an individual’s construal of organizational identity must also be ‘substantiated’ or verified by a member’s embodied experiences. We consider how an embodied construal of OI might add to three dominant perspectives on OI, and discuss how it might expand our understanding of six OI-related topics, ranging from individual organizational identification to large-scale organizational change. We close with suggestions for future research, including new empirical methods and perhaps a reexamination of organizational cognition as a whole.
Utility of actigraphy in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine whether adding actimetry to simplified polygraphy (respiratory-parameter monitoring without neurophysiologic variable recording) improves apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) evaluation as compared to simplified polygraphy alone. DESIGN Comparison of AHI values obtained by all-night polysomnography and by simplified polygraphy with and without actimetry. SETTING A teaching-hospital sleep laboratory in Garches, France. PATIENTS 20 adults with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Data were analyzed by two scorers working independently. AHI was calculated as the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep time (polysomnography: AHI-pg), per hour of time in bed (simplified polygraphy: AHI-tib), and per hour of actimetry-estimated total sleep time (AHI-act). AHI-pg showed that 12 patients had OSAS (AHI>10), which was severe (AHI > or =30) in eight. AHI-act was more closely correlated to AHI-pg (r=0.976) than was AHI-tib (r=0.940). According to the Bland and Altman method, AHI-tib underestimated the AHI in two patients and AHI-act overestimated the AHI in one patient. For the diagnosis of severe OSAS, sensitivity and negative predictive value were 50% and 75% with AHI-tib as compared to 88% and 92.5% with AHI-act. CONCLUSIONS Actimetry, when added to simplified polygraphy, may assist in the diagnosis of OSAS.
Understanding the positive and negative effects of emotional expressions in organizations: EASI does it

Emotions have a pervasive impact on organizational behavior. They do not just influence people’s own actions; when expressed, emotions may also exert influence on other organization members who perceive the expressions. Sometimes emotional expressions have ‘symmetrical’ effects, in that positive expressions yield advantageous outcomes for the expresser, while negative expressions produce disadvantageous outcomes. In other cases effects are ‘asymmetrical’, such that negative emotional expressions generate beneficial outcomes for the expresser, while positive expressions produce detrimental outcomes. Drawing on Emotions as Social Information (EASI) theory, I develop a theoretical analysis of when and how expressions of anger and happiness generate symmetrical versus asymmetrical effects. I support my analysis with a review of empirical research on the interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations and leadership. This review permits two general conclusions: (1) symmetrical effects of anger and happiness are mediated by affective reactions of perceivers, whereas asymmetrical effects are mediated by inferential processes in perceivers; (2) the relative strength of affective reactions versus inferential processes (and thereby the likelihood of symmetrical versus asymmetrical effects) depends on the perceiver’s information processing motivation and ability and on the perceived appropriateness of the emotional display. I discuss theoretical implications and future directions.
Bounded Model Debugging

Design debugging is a major bottleneck in modern very large scale integration design flows as both the design size and the length of the error trace contribute to its inherent complexity. With typical design blocks exceeding half a million synthesized logic gates and error traces in the thousands of clock cycles, the complexity of the debugging problem poses a great challenge to automated debugging techniques. This paper aims to address this daunting challenge by introducing the bounded model debugging methodology that iteratively analyzes bounded sequences of the error trace. Two techniques are introduced in this methodology to solve this growing problem. The first technique iteratively analyzes bounded subsequences of the error trace of increasing size until the error is found or the entire trace is analyzed. The second technique partitions the error trace into non-overlapping bounded sequences of clock cycles which are each separately analyzed. A discussion of these two techniques is presented and a unified methodology that leverages the strengths of both techniques is developed. Empirical results on real industrial designs show that for large designs and long error traces the proposed methodology can find the actual error in 79% of cases with the first technique and 100% of cases with the second technique. In cases where the methodology is not used only 21% of cases are able to find the actual error. These numbers confirm the benefits of the proposed methodology to allow conventional automated debuggers to handle much larger real-life circuits.
“Filling-in” colour in natural scenes

Our subjective experience of the world as being in full colour across the entire visual field is at odds with the highly fovea-biased distribution of cones in the retina. It is unclear how this percept of “pan-field colour” comes about. We use novel stimuli—“colour chimeras”—to demonstrate a related visual phenomenon in which observers perceive rich colour throughout images with large achromatic regions. This percept appears to critically depend on natural scene statistics. By separately manipulating chromatic and structural content in such images, we demonstrate that both the spatial distribution of colour and the presence of recognizable scene structure contribute to the experience of pan-field colour in these stimuli. Our results suggest that this percept is unlikely to be due to a low-level colour spreading process. Instead, we suggest that mechanisms dependent on natural scenes’ chromatic and luminance statistics provide the basis for the phenomenon.
Basis entropy: A useful physical quantity about projective measurement

Projective measurement can increase the entropy of a state ρ, the increased entropy is not only up to the basis of projective measurement, but also has something to do with the properties of the state itself. In this paper we define this increased entropy as basis entropy. And then we discuss the usefulness of this new concept by showing its application in deciding whether a state is pure or not and detecting the existence of quantum discord. And as shown in the paper, this new concept can also be used to describe decoherence.
The Life Course of Children of Divorce: Marital Disruption and Parental Contact.

In a preliminary analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. children aged 11 to 16 in 1981, the authors examine (1) the incidence of marital disruption in children's lives; (2) the type of living arrangements children experience following a disruption; and (3) the amount of contact children maintain with the outside parent. The analysis reveals large racial differences in both the incidence and aftermath of disruption. Blacks were one-and-a-half times as likely as whites to have undergone a disruption by early adolescence; within five years of a disruption, however, only one out of eight black children, compared with four out of seven white children, were in a stepfamily. Frequent contact with the outside parent (an average of at least once a weekfor the past year) occurred in only 17 percent of the disrupted families irrespective of race. Provision of child support, residential propinquity of the outside parent, and the length of time since separation occurred were the most important factors in accounting for amount of contact between the outside parent and the child.
Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Adolescents' Adaptation: A Longitudinal Study of Albanian Immigrant Youth Living in Greece

paper investigates the relationship between the frequency of parent-adolescent conflict and the quality of adaptation of immigrant Albanian adolescents and of their native Greek classmates. Aims of the present study were: (a) to compare the frequency of immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents' conflicts with their parents; (b) to compare the quality of their adaptation with respect to core developmental tasks and to their psychological well-being; and (c) to examine how parent-adolescent conflict is related to adaptation in immigrant and non-immigrant youth. These questions were investigated using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of immigrant students from Albania and their non-immigrant classmates (N = 392, mean age 12.73 years). Frequency of conflict, self-esteem and psychological symptoms were assessed through self-reports. Academic achievement, conduct in school and popularity were assessed with multiple methods and informants. A complex pattern of relationships was found between the frequency of parent-adolescent conflict, on the one hand, and adolescents' quality of adaptation and psychological well-being, on the other, differentiated by domain of adaptation, and ethnic group. Keywordst conflict, immigration, adaptation, longitudinal study During the past decade the phenomenon of migra- tion and its consequences have increasingly attracted researchers' attention. The adaptation of immigrants, an aspect of this phenomenon, has been the focus of many studies. A significant share of this attention has been devoted to the adaptation of immigrant youth, whose future has been argued to be inextricably linked to that of the host society (Hernandez, Denton, & Macartney, 2008). The quality of immigrant youth's adaptation is judged based on the way they deal with core devel- opmental and acculturative tasks in the context of a
Novel Conjugative Plasmid from Escherichia coli of Swine Origin That Coharbors the Multiresistance Gene cfr and the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Gene blaCTX-M-14b

ABSTRACT Two porcine Escherichia coli isolates harbored the cfr gene on conjugative plasmids of 38,405 bp (pGXEC6) and 41,646 bp (pGXEC3). In these two plasmids, the cfr gene was located within a 4,612-bp region containing a tnpA-IS26-cfr-IS26-Δhyp element. Plasmid pGXEC3 was almost identical to pGXEC6 except for a 3,235-bp ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-14b insertion. The colocation of the multiresistance cfr gene with an extended-spectrum-β-lactamase gene on a conjugative plasmid may support the dissemination of these genes by coselection.