Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Strategy for Ranking and Rating of Knowledge Sharing Portal Usability

Knowledge Sharing portals are the primary gateways for users to access all the information they need for their activity with adequate safety, security and in the best quality. The usability of a Knowledge Sharing Portal plays an important role in every organization and higher learning institutions, as it helps to increase the user satisfaction, reuse of knowledge assets, consistency of information and simplification of the maintenance process, regardless of the context, order or type of users. The primary goal of this paper is to propose a strategy for the ranking and rating of usability of the KM system. In this proposed work, we first describe the ways to design and develop the quality factors, using a multi-dimensional metric model for measuring usability along with other supporting factors. Secondly we have shown the ways to apply the Weighted Average Mean (WAM) on the usability factor and other relevant factors for evaluation. Using the weights and values generated in the metric database, the usability of the KM system can be ranked and rated both manually and automatically.
INTESTINAL HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF MILRINONE IN ASPHYXIATED NEWBORN PIGS AFTER REOXYGENATION WITH 100% OXYGEN: A DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY

Neonatal asphyxia can result in poor perfusion, vasoconstriction, and decreased oxygen delivery in the intestine. Milrinone increases myocardial contractility and causes peripheral vasodilatation. We examined the dose-response of milrinone on the intestinal circulation, oxygen metabolism, and injury in a newborn piglet model of asphyxia-reoxygenation. Piglets (aged 1 - 3 days, weighing 1.5 - 2.3 kg) were acutely instrumented to measure superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow and oxygen delivery. After stabilization, hypoxia (inspired oxygen concentration, 0.08 - 0.15) was induced for 2 h followed by reoxygenation with 100% O2 for 1 h then 21% O2 for 3 h. At 2 h of reoxygenation, saline or milrinone infusion at doses of 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 &mgr;g/kg per min was given for 2 h in a blinded randomized fashion (n = 7 per group). Hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters were analyzed at predefined time points. Intestinal tissue lactate concentrations, plasma milrinone levels, and intestinal glutathione redox status were determined at the end of the experiment. In the intestinal tract, milrinone significantly increased SMA flow and oxygen delivery while decreasing vascular resistance at a dose of 0.75 &mgr;g/kg per min (P < 0.05, ANOVA). A modest increase in SMA flow and oxygen delivery was found with milrinone at 0.5 &mgr;g/kg per min. Plasma milrinone levels correlated with SMA flow and vascular resistance (r = 0.5 and r = −0.6, respectively, P < 0.05). Intestinal lactate concentrations and histopathology were not significantly different among groups. Oxidized glutathione correlated with SMA vascular resistance and negatively with milrinone levels (r = 0.6 and r = −0.5, P < 0.05). When used to treat shock in a newborn model of asphyxia-reoxygenation, milrinone dose-dependently increases SMA flow and oxygen delivery with a significantly decreased SMA vascular resistance at higher doses.
ALTRUISM VIA KIN‐SELECTION STRATEGIES THAT RELY ON ARBITRARY TAGS WITH WHICH THEY COEVOLVE

Abstract Hamilton's rule explains when natural selection will favor altruism between conspecifics, given their degree of relatedness. In practice, indicators of relatedness (such as scent) coevolve with strategies based on these indicators, a fact not included in previous theories of kin recognition. Using a combination of simulation modeling and mathematical extension of Hamilton's rule, we demonstrate how altruism can emerge and be sustained in a coevolutionary setting where relatedness depends on an individual's social environment and varies from one locus to another. The results support a very general expectation of widespread, and not necessarily weak, conditional altruism in nature.
Research on operating response model of the simulation system base on knowledge representation

This paper presents the research and implementation methods of operation response model based on knowledge representation of the operation training system. According to the causal relationship between operation and response, we expressed the operating response knowledge representation model by the rule of different level. We established contained three kinds of type time mechanism, and provided the quantized data for the analysis training performance and appraisal result base on the main contents of the operation response mechanisms and functions. From the view of system implement point, we proposed the unit process of the training task production and running. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a training example of the operation-response model on fire control operation training system.
Scaling Multidimensional Gaussian Processes using Projected Additive Approximations

Exact Gaussian Process (GP) regression has O(N3) runtime for data size N, making it intractable for large N. Advances in GP scaling have not been extended to the multidimensional input setting, despite the preponderance of multidimensional applications. This paper introduces and tests a novel method of projected additive approximation to multidimensional GPs. We illustrate the power of this method on several datasets, achieving performance close to the naive Full GP at orders of magnitude less cost.
Bicarbonate Plays a Critical Role in the Generation of Cytotoxicity during SIN-1 Decomposition in Culture Medium

3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is used as a donor of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in various studies. We demonstrated, however, that, the cell-culture medium remains cytotoxic to PC12 cells even after almost complete SIN-1 decomposition, suggesting that reaction product(s) in the medium, rather than ONOO−, exert cytotoxic effects. Here, we clarified that significant cytotoxicity persists after SIN-1 decomposes in bicarbonate, a component of the culture medium, but not in NaOH. Cytotoxic SIN-1-decomposed bicarbonate, which lacks both oxidizing and nitrosating activities, degrades to innocuous state over time. The extent of SIN-1 cytotoxicity, irrespective of its fresh or decomposed state, appears to depend on the total number of initial SIN-1 molecules per cell, rather than its concentration, and involves oxidative/nitrosative stress-related cell damage. These results suggest that, despite its low abundance, the bicarbonate-dependent cytotoxic substance that accumulates in the medium during SIN-1 breakdown is the cytotoxic entity of SIN-1.
Using real words for recording diphones

This paper focuses on the creation of word-lists for making diphone recordings for speech synthesis. Such lists often consist of nonsense words, which has the advantage that the phonetic environment can be constrained, and it is easy to produce lists containing all possible combinations. However, this approach has the disadvantage that non-experts may find it difficult to read the nonsense-word transcriptions. For this reason, we investigate here the issues associated with the use of real words in creating diphone recordings.
Software metrics for CASE development

The relationship between software models and metrics is examined. The opportunities for CASE application measurement are seen to be much greater than for conventional development. CASE metrics requirements are also seen to be different in a number of important ways from conventional software metrics requirements. CASE application metrics are examined under the headings of process metrics and product metrics. CASE measurement issues and methods are considered together with some potential uses of CASE development measurements. <<ETX>>
OCR with no shape training

We present a document-specific OCR system and apply it to a corpus of fixed business letters. Unsupervised classification of the segmented character bitmaps on each page, using a "clump" metric, typically yields several hundred clusters with highly skewed populations. Letter identities are assigned to each cluster by maximizing matches with a lexicon of English words. We found that for 2/3 of the pages, we can identify almost 80% of the words included in the lexicon, without any shape training. Residual errors are caused by mis-segmentation including missed lines and punctuation. This research differs from earlier attempts to apply cipher decoding to OCR in: (1) using real data; (2) a more appropriate clustering algorithm; and (3) decoding a many-to-many instead of a one-to-one mapping between clusters and letters.
Cross-language Wikipedia Editing of Okinawa, Japan

This article analyzes users who edit Wikipedia articles about Okinawa, Japan, in English and Japanese. It finds these users are among the most active and dedicated users in their primary languages, where they make many large, high-quality edits. However, when these users edit in their non-primary languages, they tend to make edits of a different type that are overall smaller in size and more often restricted to the narrow set of articles that exist in both languages. Design changes to motivate wider contributions from users in their non-primary languages and to encourage multilingual users to transfer more information across language divides are presented.
PGAS with Lightweight Threads and the Barnes-Hut Algorithm

We describe a novel runtime system that integrates lightweight threads with a partitioned global address space (PGAS) mode of computation and apply it to the Barnes-Hut (BH) algorithm. Our model combines the power of low-latency, zero-copy, one-sided communication via PGAS with the power of fast context-switching and user-managed preemptive lightweight threads into a hybrid interface. We describe the challenges in designing such a runtime system, analyze approaches and trade-offs, and present benchmark results. Our BH application exemplifies the usage of the model and shows how we can obtain a simple, yet efficient and scalable, algorithm. Our implementation improves on a stateof-the-art implementation by up to 13 times. The hybrid model also improves the performance of various multi-threaded micro-benchmarks on a distributed memory cluster. Keywords-Barnes-Hut, PGAS, Lightweight thread, Qthreads
Uplink Waveform Channel With Imperfect Channel State Information and Finite Constellation Input

This paper investigates the capacity limit of an uplink waveform channel assuming imperfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR). Various realistic assumptions are incorporated into the problem, which make the study valuable for performance assessment of real cellular networks to identify potentials for performance improvements in practical receiver designs. We assume that the continuous-time received signal is first discretized by mismatched filtering based on the imperfect CSIR. The resulting discrete-time signals are then decoded considering two different decoding strategies, i.e., an optimal decoding strategy based on specific statistics of channel estimation errors and a sub-optimal decoding strategy treating the estimation error signal as additive Gaussian noise. Motivated by the proposed decoding strategies, we study the performance of the decision feedback equalizer for finite constellation inputs, in which inter-stream interferences are treated either using their true statistics or as Gaussian noise. Numerical results are provided to exemplify the benefit of exploiting the knowledge on the statistics of the channel estimation errors and inter-stream interferences. Simulations also assess the effect of the CSI imperfectness on the achievable rate, which reveal that finite constellation inputs are less sensitive to the estimation accuracy than Gaussian input, especially in the high SNR regime.
Distribution of calbindin D‐28k in the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey

We examined the distribution of calbindin D‐28k–immunoreactive (CB‐IR) neurons, fibers, and neuropil in the entorhinal (area 28), perirhinal (areas 35 and 36), and parahippocampal (areas TH and TF) cortices in the macaque monkey. Two main findings are reported. First, except for CB‐IR neurogliaform cells that are only observed in the parahippocampal cortex, the morphology of CB‐stained pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells were similar across the three cortical areas examined. Second, we find that the topography of CB staining differed between the three areas. The entorhinal cortex exhibits the most striking gradient of CB staining such that the most anterior and medial portions are most strongly labeled, whereas posterior and lateral areas exhibit only weak labeling. The labeling throughout the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices is more homogeneous. Area 35 contains only lightly stained neuropil and few CB‐IR cells. Area 36 and areas TH and TF of the parahippocampal cortex contain a moderate to high density of CB‐IR cells and fibers throughout their full rostrocaudal extents, although each area exhibits unique laminar patterns of staining. In all areas examined, the highest density of CB‐positive cells and fibers is observed in superficial layers with lower densities of CB‐positive cells and fibers present in deep layers. These findings, taken together with our current understanding of the connections of these areas may have implications for understanding the circuit properties of the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices areas in both normal and disease states. J. Comp. Neurol. 451:392–412, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites

To our knowledge, few reports on Demodex studied at the molecular level are available at present. In this study our group, for the first time, cloned, sequenced and analyzed the chitin synthase (CHS) gene fragments of Demodex folliculorum, Demodex brevis, and Demodex canis (three isolates from each species) from Xi’an China, by designing specific primers based on the only partial sequence of the CHS gene of D. canis from Japan, retrieved from GenBank. Results show that amplification was successful only in three D. canis isolates and one D. brevis isolate out of the nine Demodex isolates. The obtained fragments were sequenced to be 339 bp for D. canis and 338 bp for D. brevis. The CHS gene sequence similarities between the three Xi’an D. canis isolates and one Japanese D. canis isolate ranged from 99.7% to 100.0%, and those between four D. canis isolates and one D. brevis isolate were 99.1%–99.4%. Phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods shared the same clusters, according with the traditional classification. Two open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in each CHS gene sequenced, and their corresponding amino acid sequences were located at the catalytic domain. The relatively conserved sequences could be deduced to be a CHS class A gene, which is associated with chitin synthesis in the integument of Demodex mites.
Estimating the Effect of Recurrent Infectious Diseases on Nutritional Status: Sampling Frequency, Sample-size, and Bias

There is an ongoing interest in studying the effect of common recurrent infections and conditions, such as diarrhoea, respiratory infections, and fever, on the nutritional status of children at risk of malnutrition. Epidemiological studies exploring this association need to measure infections with sufficient accuracy to minimize bias in the effect estimates. A versatile model of common recurrent infections was used for exploring how many repeated measurements of disease are required to maximize the power and logistical efficiency of studies investigating the effect of infectious diseases on malnutrition without compromising the validity of the estimates. Depending on the prevalence and distribution of disease within a population, 15-30 repeat measurements per child over one year should be sufficient to provide unbiased estimates of the association between infections and nutritional status. Less-frequent measurements lead to a bias in the effect size towards zero, especially if disease is rare. In contrast, recall error can lead to exaggerated effect sizes. Recall periods of three days or shorter may be preferable compared to longer recall periods. The results showed that accurate estimation of the association between recurrent infections and nutritional status required closer follow-up of study participants than studies using recurrent infections as an outcome measure. The findings of the study provide guidance for choosing an appropriate sampling strategy to explore this association.
Reducing the complexity of the LPC vector quantizer using the k-d tree search algorithm

Linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters are widely usedin variousspeechcoding applications forrepresenting the spectral envelope information of speech. Transparent quantization of the LPC parameters (averagespectral distortion of 1 dB) can be achieved at 24 bits/frame using the split vector LPC quantizer (SVLPC) which quantizes 10-dimensional line spectral frequency (LSF) vectors in two parts. However, SVLPC su(cid:11)ers from a high computational complexity in quantizing each part (one of dimension 4 and the other of dimension 6) using independent codebooks of size 4096 (corresponding to a rate of 12 bits/part). This limits the practical real-time application of the coder. In this paper, we reduce the computational complexity of the split vector quantizer by 2 orders of magnitude using the fast K -dimensional ( K -d) tree search algorithm under the bucket-Voronoi intersection (BVI) search framework. This is of signi(cid:12)cant im-portance in rendering the SVLPC amenable for practical real-time coding applications.
Dynamics of electrically driven sub-nanosecond switching in vanadium dioxide

The switching dynamics of electrically driven insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) and metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide are investigated. The transient response of time domain measurements are modeled using a domain based 2-D heterogeneous resistive network, taking into account local electronic potential and local Joule heating. It reveals, the switching time is dominated by a spatially non-uniform percolation of the metallic phase during the IMT driven by electro-thermal forces. We demonstrate an IMT switching time of 793ps in scaled VO2 devices and project IMT and MIT switching speed for scaled devices.
An estimate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis heritability using twin data

Background Causative gene mutations have been identified in about 2% of those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often, but not always, when there is a strong family history. There is an assumption that there is a genetic component to all ALS, but genome-wide association studies have yet to produce a robustly replicated result. A definitive estimate of ALS heritability is therefore required to determine whether ongoing efforts to find susceptibility genes are worth while. Methods The authors performed two twin studies, one population- and one clinic-based. The authors used structural equation modelling to perform a meta-analysis of data from these studies and an existing twin study to estimate ALS heritability, and identified 171 twin pairs in which at least one twin had ALS. Results and discussion Five monozygotic twin pairs were concordant-affected, and 44 discordant-affected. No dizygotic twin pairs were concordant-affected, and 122 discordant-affected. The heritability of sporadic ALS was estimated as 0.61 (0.38 to 0.78) with the unshared environmental component 0.39 (0.22 to 0.62). ALS has a high heritability, and efforts to find causative genes should continue.
Mechanism of Action and Clinical Potential of Fingolimod for the Treatment of Stroke

Fingolimod (FTY720) is an orally bio-available immunomodulatory drug currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Currently, there is a significant interest in the potential benefits of FTY720 on stroke outcomes. FTY720 and the sphingolipid signaling pathway it modulates has a ubiquitous presence in the central nervous system and both rodent models and pilot clinical trials seem to indicate that the drug may improve overall functional recovery in different stroke subtypes. Although the precise mechanisms behind these beneficial effects are yet unclear, there is evidence that FTY720 has a role in regulating cerebrovascular responses, blood–brain barrier permeability, and cell survival in the event of cerebrovascular insult. In this article, we critically review the data obtained from the latest laboratory findings and clinical trials involving both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and attempt to form a cohesive picture of FTY720’s mechanisms of action in stroke.
Interaction of Histone Acetylases and Deacetylases In Vivo

ABSTRACT Having opposing enzymatic activities, histone acetylases (HATs) and deacetylases affect chromatin and regulate transcription. The activities of the two enzymes are thought to be balanced in the cell by an unknown mechanism that may involve their direct interaction. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, we demonstrated that the acetylase PCAF and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are in close spatial proximity in living cells, compatible with their physical interaction. In agreement, coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that endogenous HDACs are associated with PCAF and another acetylase, GCN5, in HeLa cells. We found by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis that HATs are integrated into a large multiprotein HDAC complex that is distinct from the previously described HDAC complexes containing mSin3A, Mi-2/NRD, or CoREST. This HDAC-HAT association is partly accounted for by a direct protein-protein interaction observed in vitro. The HDAC-HAT complex may play a role in establishing a dynamic equilibrium of the two enzymes in vivo.
Recognition of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirE2 Translocation Signal by the VirB/D4 Transport System Does Not Require VirE11

Agrobacterium tumefaciens uses a type IV secretion system to deliver a nucleoprotein complex and effector proteins directly into plant cells. The single-stranded DNA-binding protein VirE2, the F-box protein VirF and VirE3 are delivered into host cells via this VirB/D4 encoded translocation system. VirE1 functions as a chaperone of VirE2 by regulating its efficient translation and preventing VirE2-VirE2 aggregation in the bacterial cell. We analyzed whether the VirE1 chaperone is also essential for transport recognition of VirE2 by the VirB/D4 encoded type IV secretion system. In addition, we assayed whether translocation of VirF and VirE3, which also forms part of the virE operon, is affected by the absence of VirE1. We employed the earlier developed CRAFT (Cre recombinase Reporter Assay For Translocation) assay to detect transfer of Cre::Vir fusion proteins from A. tumefaciens into plants, monitored by stable reconstitution of a kanamycin resistance marker, and into yeast, screened by loss of the URA3 gene. We show that the C-terminal 50 amino acids of VirE2 and VirE3 are sufficient to mediate Cre translocation into host cells, confirming earlier indications of a C-terminal transport signal. This transfer was independent of the presence or absence of VirE1. Besides, the translocation efficiency of VirF is not altered in a virE1 mutant. The results unambiguously show that the VirE1 chaperone is not essential for the recognition of the VirE2 transport signal by the transport system and the subsequent translocation across the bacterial envelope into host cells.