Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limits of writing multivalued resistances in passive nanoelectronic crossbars used in neuromorphic circuits

In this paper, limits of writing multivalued resistances in passive nanoelectronic crossbars are examined. The results are based on circuit simulation including device models for resistive switches based on the electrochemical metallization effect. The write operation is performed using a current mirror based on 40nm CMOS technology which operates in subthreshold mode. The results show that only sparsely coded pattern with low mutual overlap can be robustly brought into the matrix which limits the use of passive crossbar to applications that feature particular spatial distributions of resistive weights.
Analysis of a Protocol for Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link Local Addresses Using Uppaal

Formal methods have been applied frequently to analyze (critical parts of) standards for communication protocols and it has been demonstrated that their application may help to improve the quality of these standards. Nevertheless, despite several decades of formal methods research, formal methods notations have rarely been included in the authoritative part of protocol standards. Also, the relationships between (abstract) formal models and informal protocol standards are typically obscure. It is our ambition to improve this situation. To establish the current state-of-the-art, we report in this paper on a case study in which Uppaal is used to formally model parts of Zeroconf, a protocol for dynamic configuration of IPv4 link-local addresses that has been defined in RFC 3927 of the IETF. Our goal has been to construct a model that (a) is easy to understand by engineers, (b) comes as close as possible to the informal text (for each transition in the model there should be a corresponding piece of text in the RFC), and (c) may serve as a basis for formal verification. Our conclusion is that Uppaal, which combines extended finite state machines, C-like syntax and concepts from timed automata theory, is able to model Zeroconf in a faithful and intuitive manner, using notations that are familiar to protocol engineers. Our modeling efforts revealed several errors (or at least ambiguities) in the RFC that no one else spotted before. We also identify a number of points where Uppaal still can be improved. After applying a number of abstractions, Uppaal is able to fully explore the state space of an instance of our model with three hosts, and to establish some correctness properties. This work was supported by PROGRESS project TES4199, Verification of Hard and Softly Timed Systems (HaaST), the European Community Project IST-2001-35304 Advanced Methods for Timed Systems (AMETIST), http://ametist.cs. utwente.nl, and the DFG/NWO bilateral cooperation project Validation of Stochastic Systems (VOSS2). Author names are listed alphabetically; all three authors made an equally significant contribution to this paper.
Econometric Model Of The Paraguayan

We estimate a vector autoregression model of the Paraguayan economy. Data limitations restrict the model to annual observations of seven variables. Preliminary data analysis shows that variables are integrated of order one or order two. We estimate a VAR using logarithms of variables in levels. Lag order for the VAR is determined using a general-to-specific approach, with further simplification attempted using Hsiao’s method. Johansen’s method reveals that there are five cointegrating vectors, and construction of error correction models does not appear to offer much promise of improving forecasts. The final model is used to forecast out-of-sample, and forecast accuracy is compared with the naïve no-change method.
Aggregate static load modeling in power grid with environmental characteristics

In practice, there are many defects that underground load model is built by using the traditional static load model in coal mine. To enhance the accuracy of load model, a new clustering method based on improved PSO algorithm is presented in this paper. This new clustering method is used to classify the load data in order to reduce the number of load model before modeling. Then, RBF neural network based on improved PSO algorithm is proposed to establish aggregate load model. Verified by an example, compared with traditional static load model, the method in this paper can greatly improve the accuracy of the model.
Genomics Analysis of Replicative Helicase DnaB Sequences in Proteobacteria

Replicative Helicase DnaB interacts with DnaA, DnaC, DnaG, and DNA polymerase III to commence replication, increase the movement rate of the replication fork, and to assemble part of the primosome. The formation of the replication fork is limited by the ability to load DnaB to the DNA, thus DnaB has shown to be vital to a large extent. In the absence of DnaB, the replication fork is not maintained and in a state of inactivity the replication fork degrades and collapses. To further understand importance of this enzyme from an evolutionary perspective, a genomic analysis DnaB protein sequences, chosen from five Proteobacteria subclasses was performed. Our analysis indicates that, DnaB replicative helicases of Alphaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria have diverged at an earlier stage from Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria as well as from one another. Our results were further supported, when we reanalyzed and reconstructed the phylogenetic tree after the inclusion of sequences from Actinobacteria and Firmicute phylum. In addition, Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria appear to share a closer common ancestor than from the other two subclasses. The Dot-plot analysis indicated that, the region between amino acid residues 320 to 400 was strongly conserved among all five subclasses.
Data Dissemination with Drop Boxes

For data dissemination using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), it is essential to determine the end-to-end (e2e) delay, the packet dropping probability (PDP), the number of vehicles required, and the size of the vehicles’ buffers needed to hold packets. In this paper, we study the impact of the above mentioned parameters and report original simulation results in a typical city scenario based on a 3x3 Manhattan grid. In addition, we also study the efficiency of our approach under varying degrees of market penetration of instrumented vehicles, hence establishing useful thresholds in realistic scenarios. Finally, by introducing different configurations of drop boxes, we show significant reduction in e2e delay and PDP.
Design and analysis of a high-performance sense amplifier for phase-change memory

This paper presents a high-performance sense amplifier and its operation method for phase change memory (PCM). The proposed structure includes pre-charge circuit, judgment circuit, bias circuit and discharge circuit. Correspondingly, the read process includes four steps of pre-charging, relaxing, sensing and discharging. Simulation results show that the proposed sense amplifier can read out the cell status efficiently in 180ns both at low resistance (10K ohm) and high resistance (100K ohm) with the parasitic capacitance of 20pF. It will be used in 40nm 1Gbit phase change memory chip.
Annotation of Chemical Named Entities

We describe the annotation of chemical named entities in scientific text. A set of annotation guidelines defines 5 types of named entities, and provides instructions for the resolution of special cases. A corpus of fulltext chemistry papers was annotated, with an inter-annotator agreement F score of 93%. An investigation of named entity recognition using LingPipe suggests that F scores of 63% are possible without customisation, and scores of 74% are possible with the addition of custom tokenisation and the use of dictionaries.
Topological Design Based on Highly Efficient Adjoints Generated by Automatic Differentiation

We report on a proof-of-concept study for the application of an automatically generated adjoint Navier-Stokes code in the automotive design process. The design application consists in the optimisation of the topology of a duct for the cabin ventilation. The numerical model is a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver based on Griebel’s NaSt2D. The design approach is based on a descent algorithm, which relies on the gradient of dissipated energy with respect to the duct topology. This gradient is provided by the adjoint of the solver, which is generated from the solver’s source code by the automatic differentiation tool TAF. To render the solver TAF-compliant, a few initial modifications were necessary. Subsequent modifications of the TAF compliant solver such as a change of the objective function have been transferred to an updated adjoint in an automated process chain. The computational cost of a combined nominal and adjoint solve, i.e. of a function and gradient evaluation, is less than twice the cost of a nominal solve.
Architecture and Implementation for Automatic Extraction of Metadata in Electronic Documents

Information technology is the most preferred area of interest since last decade. And as per the rapid advancement of information technology and digitization of various electronic resources Information retrieval is gaining importance day by day. Digital Libraries are one of the several examples where Information Retrieval techniques are used. Metadata is the most important component of current day information systems since it helps the user to differentiate between relevant and non relevant document during operation of information retrieval. Metadata extraction has become and important mean to preserve and manage electronic resources and discovering information from it. The key challenges during metadata extraction are variety of formats for electronic documents available like . txt, . pdf, . html. So there is a need for unified architecture and implementation for extraction of relevant information from these various electronic document formats. This work is concentrated towards the study of various metadata extraction techniques available to extract metadata elements and implementation of the metadata extraction tool that is easily customizable i.e. it is easy to define and implement newer set of metadata elements and while extending the functionality the code should follow the “Open Close Principle ” one of the object oriented principles
Testing for Serial Correlation in Linear Panel-data Models

Because serial correlation in linear panel-data models biases the standard errors and causes the results to be less efficient, researchers need to identify serial correlation in the idiosyncratic error term in a panel-data model. A new test for serial correlation in random- or fixed-effects one-way models derived by Wooldridge (2002) is attractive because it can be applied under general conditions and is easy to implement. This paper presents simulation evidence that the new Wooldridge test has good size and power properties in reasonably sized samples.
Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership: Using Chemistry and Biology Concepts To Educate High School Students about Alcohol

We developed the Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership (APEP), a set of modules designed to integrate a topic of interest (alcohol) with concepts in chemistry and biology for high school students. Chemistry and biology teachers (n = 156) were recruited nationally to field-test APEP in a controlled study. Teachers obtained professional development either at a conference-based workshop (NSTA or NCSTA) or via distance learning to learn how to incorporate the APEP modules into their teaching. They field-tested the modules in their classes during the following year. Teacher knowledge of chemistry and biology concepts increased significantly following professional development, and was maintained for at least a year. Their students (n = 14 014) demonstrated significantly higher scores when assessed for knowledge of both basic and advanced chemistry and biology concepts compared to students not using APEP modules in their classes the previous year. Higher scores were achieved as the number of modules used increased. These findings are consistent with our previous studies, demonstrating higher scores in chemistry and biology after students use modules that integrate topics interesting to them, such as drugs (the Pharmacology Education Partnership).
The Global Cognition, Frontal Lobe Dysfunction and Behavior Changes in Chinese Patients with Multiple System Atrophy

Background Studies on cognition in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients are limited. Methods A total of 110 MSA patients were evaluated using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), and Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) tests. Fifty-five age-, sex-, education- and domicile-matched healthy controls were recruited to perform the FAB and ACE-R scales. Results Approximately 32.7% of the patients had global cognitive deficits with the most impaired domain being verbal fluency and visuospatial ability (26.4%), followed by memory (24.5%), language (20%) and orientation/attention (20%) based on a cut-off score of ACE-R ≤ 70. A total of 41.6% of the patients had frontal lobe dysfunction, with inhibitory control (60.9%) as the most impaired domain based on a cut-off score of FAB ≤14. Most patients (57.2%) showed moderate frontal behavior changes (FBI score 4–15), with incontinence (64.5%) as the most impaired domain. The binary logistic regression model revealed that an education level < 9 years (OR:13.312, 95% CI:2.931–60.469, P = 0.001) and UMSARS ≥ 40 (OR: 2.444, 95%CI: 1.002–5.962, P< 0.049) were potential determinants of abnormal ACE-R, while MSA-C (OR: 4.326, 95%CI: 1.631–11.477, P = 0.003), an education level < 9 years (OR:2.809 95% CI:1.060–7.444, P = 0.038) and UMSARS ≥ 40 (OR:5.396, 95%CI: 2.103–13.846, P < 0.0001) were potential determinants of abnormal FAB. Conclusions Cognitive impairment is common in Chinese MSA patients. MSA-C patients with low education levels and severe motor symptoms are likely to experience frontal lobe dysfunction, while MSA patients with low education levels and severe motor symptoms are likely to experience global cognitive deficits. These findings strongly suggest that cognitive impairment should not be an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of MSA.
Framing leadership in Queensland Catholic schools

This paper outlines progress in a research project that aims to develop a framework for leadership in Queensland Catholic schools. This project is an initiative of the Queensland Catholic Education Commission and is conducted by Catholic Education Leadership, a Flagship of Australian Catholic University. The need for a framework for leadership was identified as a consequence of on-going dialogue and research effort regarding leadership succession. It is thought that such a framework would establish the expectations of leadership in Qld Catholic Education and also guide individuals and employing authorities in job design, career planning and professional development.
Do We Really Need to Start from Scratch

This paper presents views and believes of the authors on the relevance of the current economic theory for the understanding of the complex world we live in. Has the crisis indeed demonstrated that as profession we are misled by the beauty of the mathematical models and the only useful, workable solutions at hand were provided in early 1930s? The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the current state-of-theart literature from the perspective of its usefulness in the context of economic crises. We argue that although we might be unable to answer many questions or to “predict” crises, the path we are following is the right one. Furthermore, going back to Keynes would not solve any of the identified problems and would generate problems on its own. Analysing the state of economics after the crisis it is argued that (i) we need models with micro-foundations, (ii) we need better models with microfoundations and already existing and promising directions for future research are discussed.
Macroeconomic Tradeoffs in the United States and Europe: Fiscal Distortions and the International Monetary Regime

This paper studies the impact of changes in the extent to which fiscal policy is distortionary on the short-run macroeconomic tradeoffs facing fiscal policymakers in an era of budget equilibrium. It does so in an open economy framework, that we use to interpret U.S.-European policy interactions. Our analysis features both fiscal and monetary policy to study how changes in the extent to which fiscal policy is distortionary affect the interaction between central banks and fiscal authorities, both intra- and internationally. In addition, strategic interactions among policymakers≥and the tradeoffs they face≥are affected by the exchange-rate regime. When government spending is funded through distortionary taxes alone≥a scenario that we call anti-Keynesian, changing spending moves both inflation and employment in the desired direction following a worldwide supply shock. Smaller and more open economies face a more favorable tradeoff than large relatively closed ones. Under a managed exchange rate regime, European governments face a better tradeoff than under flexible rates, but the improvement is more significant for the country that controls the exchange rate. When both European countries in our model join in a monetary union, the country that had control of the exchange rate under the managed exchange rate regime faces a worse tradeoff, while the tradeoff improves for the country that controlled money supply. In the fully Keynesian case, in which taxes are non-distortionary, all countries face the same positively sloped tradeoff regardless of the exchange-rate regime. Increases in spending cause both output and inflation to rise. When fiscal policy is neither fully anti-Keynesian nor fully Keynesian, the governments' tradeoffs lie in between the extreme cases, and the exact position depends on the extent to which fiscal policy is Keynesian. Under all European exchange-rate regimes, small increases in the fraction of firms that are subject to distortionary taxation at home are beneficial when the equilibrium is characterized by unemployment, while a less Keynesian fiscal policy abroad is harmful. Governments in the U.S. and Europe will want the ECB and the Fed to coordinate their reactions to an unfavorable supply shock, while monetary policymakers will have little incentive to do so. Intra-European fiscal cooperation can be counterproductive, whereas cooperation between governments and central banks inside each continent can be beneficial. Our study suggests that, if governments are concerned mainly about the relation between fiscal policy and the business cycle, maintaining some fiscal distortions may be optimal.
Somatostatin Inhibits Thalamic Network Oscillations In Vitro: Actions on the GABAergic Neurons of the Reticular Nucleus

We examined the effects of somatostatin (SST) on neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (RT) using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques applied to visualized neurons in rat thalamic slices. SST, acting via sst5 receptors and pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins, activated an inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) current in 20 of 28 recorded cells to increase input conductance 15 ± 3% above control and inhibited N-type Ca2+ currents in 17 of 24 neurons via voltage-dependent mechanisms. SST reversibly depressed evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs) to 37 ± 8% of control without altering their kinetics. SST-mediated inhibition of eEPSCs showed short-term relief from block during 25 Hz stimulus trains. SST also reduced the frequency (33 ± 8%) but not the amplitude of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). These data indicate that SST mediates presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release onto RT neurons. In current-clamp recordings, SST preferentially inhibited burst discharges mediated by near-threshold corticothalamic EPSPs and intracellularly applied depolarizing currents. SST had powerful effects on in vitro intrathalamic rhythms, which included a shortening of the duration and a reduction in spike count within each oscillatory event. Furthermore, there was a paradoxical increase in the synchrony of epileptiform oscillations, likely mediated by a suppression of the responses to weak synaptic inputs in RT. We conclude that SST suppresses discharges in RT neurons, via presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release and postsynaptic activation of GIRK channels, leading to the dampening of both spindle-like and epileptiform thalamic network oscillations. SST may act as an important endogenous regulator of physiological and pathological thalamocortical network activities.
Characterization of the function of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3 and comparison with ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in immune responses

We have characterized the immunobiology of the interaction of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3; CD50) with its counter- receptor, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18). Purified ICAM-3 supported LFA-1-dependent adhesion in a temperature- and cation-dependent manner. Activation of cells bearing LFA-1 increased adhesiveness for ICAM-3 in parallel to adhesiveness for ICAM- 1. Although CBR-IC3/1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocked adhesion of cells to purified LFA-1, when tested alone, neither CBR-IC3/1 nor five novel ICAM-3 mAbs characterized here blocked adhesion of cells to purified ICAM-3 or homotypic adhesion. Two ICAM-3 mAbs, CBR-IC3/1 and CBR-IC3/2, were required to block LFA-1-dependent adhesion to purified ICAM-3- or LFA-1-dependent, ICAM-1-, ICAM-2-independent homotypic adhesion of lymphoid cell lines. Two ICAM-3 mAbs, CBR-IC3/1 and CBR- IC3/6, induced LFA-1-independent aggregation that was temperature and divalent cation dependent and was completely inhibited by ICAM-3 mAb, CBR-IC3/2, recognizing a distinct epitope. Purified ICAM-3 provided a costimulatory signal for proliferation of resting T lymphocytes. mAb to ICAM-3, together with mAbs to ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, inhibited peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, allogeneic stimulator cells, and specific antigen. Inhibition was almost complete and to the same level as with mAb to LFA-1, suggesting the most functionally important, and possibly all, of the ligands for LFA-1 have been defined.
Towards Better Content Visibility in Video Recommender Systems

Current recommender systems based on filtering techniques implement a rather limited model for video content visibility. Most of these systems fall short to provide visual precursor to the user and concentrate only on making more accurate predictions; however, a few of them that focus their attention to the aspect of multimedia (video) item visibility do so in a limited scope. In this paper, we address this problem and propose to augment the existing recommender systems with a dynamic user-based scheme to provide users with superior, high-quality recommendation formulation and customized visibility of the recommended item. The domain of content visibility is dynamically crafted using the existing recommender system algorithm.