Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-21 is Induced by Rapamycin in a Model of Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC) and Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a multisystem disease of women, is manifest by the proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells in the lung resulting in cystic lung destruction. Women with LAM can also develop renal angiomyolipomas. LAM is caused by mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex genes (TSC1 or TSC2), resulting in hyperactive mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. The mTOR inhibitor, Rapamycin, stabilizes lung function in LAM and decreases the volume of renal angiomyolipomas, but lung function declines and angiomyolipomas regrow when treatment is discontinued, suggesting that factors induced by mTORC1 inhibition may promote the survival of TSC2-deficient cells. Whether microRNA (miRNA, miR) signaling is involved in the response of LAM to mTORC1 inhibition is unknown. We identified Rapamycin-dependent miRNA in LAM patient angiomyolipoma-derived cells using two separate screens. First, we assayed 132 miRNA of known significance to tumor biology. Using a cut-off of >1.5-fold change, 48 microRNA were Rapamycin-induced, while 4 miRs were downregulated. In a second screen encompassing 946 miRNA, 18 miRs were upregulated by Rapamycin, while eight were downregulated. Dysregulation of miRs 29b, 21, 24, 221, 106a and 199a were common to both platforms and were classified as candidate “RapamiRs. ” Validation by qRT-PCR confirmed that these microRNA were increased. miR-21, a pro-survival miR, was the most significantly increased by mTOR-inhibition (p<0.01). The regulation of miR-21 by Rapamycin is cell type independent. mTOR inhibition promotes the processing of the miR-21 transcript (pri-miR-21) to a premature form (pre-miR-21). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Rapamycin upregulates multiple miRs, including pro-survival miRs, in TSC2-deficient patient-derived cells. The induction of miRs may contribute to the response of LAM and TSC patients to Rapamycin therapy.
Diseases among men 20 years after exposure to severe stress: implications for clinical research and medical care.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies have linked exposure to severe environmental stress, such as natural disasters and combat operations, to the onset of specific psychiatric disorders. Some research also suggests that these exposures may be associated with the onset of chronic diseases as well. However, these chronic disease outcome studies often have been obscured by bias and confounding. METHOD The medical histories of 1399 male Vietnam veterans approximately 20 years after combat exposure (mean years = 17) were analyzed by lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) status (lifetime PTSD = 332 cases). These men were included in a national, random in-person study of United States Army veterans of the Vietnam War (study completion rate = 65%). RESULTS After controlling for preservice, in-service, and postservice factors (including intelligence, race, region of birth, enlistment status, volunteer status, Army marital status, Army medical profile, hypochondriasis, age, smoking history, substance abuse, education, and income), associations were found for reported circulatory [odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, p = . 007], digestive (OR = 1.47, p = .036), musculoskeletal (OR = 1.78, p = .008), endocrine-nutritional-metabolic (OR = 1.58, p = .10), nervous system (OR = 2.47, p < .001), respiratory (OR = 1.54, p = .042), and nonsexually transmitted infectious diseases (OR = 2.14, p < .004) after military service. CONCLUSION Although this study has some limitations, it suggests that there is a direct link between severe stress exposures and a broad spectrum of human diseases. In the future, medical researchers and clinicians should focus more on the medical consequences of exposure to severe environmental stress and seek to better integrate psychobiologic models of disease pathogenesis.
Space-efficient Relative Error Order Sketch over Data Streams

We consider the problem of continuously maintaining order sketches over data streams with a relative rank error guarantee ∊. Novel space-efficient and one-scan randomised techniques are developed. Our first randomised algorithm can guarantee such a relative error precision ∊ with confidence 1 - \delta using O( 1\_ \in \frac{1} {2}2 log 1d log ∊^2N) space, where N is the number of data elements seen so far in a data stream. Then, a new one-scan space compression technique is developed. Combined with the first randomised algorithm, the one-scan space compression technique yields another one-scan randomised algorithm that guarantees the space requirement is O( 1\frac{1} { \in } log(1\frac{1}{ \in } log 1\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{\delta } \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \end{gathered} )\frac{{\log ^{2 + \alpha } \in N}} {{1 - 1/2^\alpha }} (for\alpha \gt 0) on average while the worst case space remains O( \frac{1}{{ \in ^2 }}\log \frac{1} {\delta }\log \in ^2 N). These results are immediately applicable to approximately computing quantiles over data streams with a relative error guarantee \in and significantly improve the previous best space bound O( \frac{1} {{ \in ^3 }}\log \frac{1}{\delta }\log N). Our extensive experiment results demonstrate that both techniques can support an on-line computation against high speed data streams.
Rapid endocytosis of the transferrin receptor in the absence of bound transferrin

The rate of endocytosis of transferrin receptors, occupied or unoccupied with transferrin, was measured on the cell line K562. At 37 degrees C, receptors, radioiodinated on the cell surface at 4 degrees C, were internalized equally rapidly in the presence or absence of transferrin. In both cases, 50% of the labeled receptors became resistant to externally added trypsin in 5 min. An antitransferrin antibody was used to show directly that the receptors had entered the cells without bound transferrin. The distribution of the receptors on the cell surface was revealed by antibody and protein A-gold staining after prolonged incubation in the presence or absence of transferrin. The receptors were concentrated in coated pits under both conditions. The data suggest that endocytosis of transferrin receptors is not "triggered" by ligand binding and raise the possibility that ligand- induced down-regulation of surface receptors may not occur by this mechanism. Instead receptors may be recognized as being ligand- occupied, not at the cell surface, but at some other site in the recycling pathway such as the endosome.
From Data to Actionable Knowledge: Big Data Challenges in the Web of Things

Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and internetworking between devices and physical objects, or "things," is a growing trend that's often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). Integrating real-world data into the Web, with its large repositories of data, and providing Web-based interactions between humans and IoT resources is what the Web of Things (WoT) stands for. Here, the guest editors describe the Big Data issues in the WoT, discuss the challenges of extracting actionable knowledge and insights from raw sensor data, and introduce the theme articles in this special issue.
Towards Geo-Referenced AUV Navigation Through Fusion of USBL and DVL Measurements

This paper reports progress on an improved navigation system for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) which combines navigation data from a Doppler velocity log (DVL) and an ultra-short baseline (USBL) acoustic tracking system to provide superior three-dimensional position estimates to the AUV. The AUV motion and the USBL observations are highly nonlinear processes which contain non-Gaussian noise. A particle filter is therefore chosen as a suitable data fusion technique, as an alternative to traditional methods based on applying the Kalman filter to linearised models. The particle filter is used to fuse USBL observations with the dead-reckoned DVL measurements to give a geo-referenced position estimate that does not drift. The performance of the data-fusion algorithm is evaluated using data obtained from a recent field deployment
Multiple Alignment of Citation Sentences with Conditional Random Fields and Posterior Decoding

In scientific literature, sentences that cite related work can be a valuable resource for applications such as summarization, synonym identification, and entity extraction. In order to determine which equivalent entities are discussed in the various citation sentences, we propose aligning the words within thesesentences accordingto semantic similarity. This problem is partly analogous to the problem of multiple sequence alignment in the biosciences, and is also closely related to the word alignment problem in statistical machine translation. In this paper we address the problem of multiple citation concept alignment by combining and modifying the CRF based pairwise word alignment system of Blunsom & Cohn (2006) and a posterior decoding based multiple sequence alignment algorithm of Schwartz & Pachter (2007). We evaluate the algorithm on hand-labeled data, achieving results that improve on a baseline.
Inattention Predicts Increased Thickness of Left Occipital Cortex in Men with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is a serious and frequent psychiatric disorder with the core symptoms inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The principal aim of this study was to investigate associations between brain morphology, i.e., cortical thickness and volumes of subcortical gray matter, and individual symptom severity in adult ADHD. Methods Surface-based brain morphometry was performed in 35 women and 29 men with ADHD using FreeSurfer. Linear regressions were calculated between cortical thickness and the volumes of subcortical gray matter and the inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity subscales of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). Two separate analyses were performed. For the first analysis, age was included as additional regressor. For the second analysis, both age and severity of depression were included as additional regressors. Study participants were recruited between June 2012 and January 2014. Results Linear regression identified an area in the left occipital cortex of men, covering parts of the middle occipital sulcus and gyrus, in which the score on the CAARS inattention subscale predicted increased mean cortical thickness [F(1,27) = 26.27, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.4744]. No significant associations were found between cortical thickness and the scores on CAARS subscales in women. No significant associations were found between the volumes of subcortical gray matter and the scores on CAARS subscales, neither in men nor in women. These results remained stable when severity of depression was included as additional regressor, together with age. Conclusion Increased cortical thickness in the left occipital cortex may represent a mechanism to compensate for dysfunctional attentional networks in male adult ADHD patients.
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates: assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome

Background Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans.
Resource block embedding: Towards high throughput broadband multimedia wireless networks

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless systems, a resource block (RB) in a two-dimensional time-frequency plane is defined as a data block spanned by a number of consecutive OFDM symbols over a number of consecutive subcarriers. Traditionally, RBs contain modulation symbols for data transmission and pilot symbols for channel estimation. In this paper, we present a novel approach to RB designs for OFDM systems with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver (i.e., MIMO-OFDM). The proposed approach, termed resource block embedding, does not require explicit pilot symbols to estimate the channel at the receiver, and hence reduces the channel estimation overhead significantly. We describe, in detail, the encoding and decoding algorithms for our proposed embedded resource blocks (ERB) for single-user single-antenna transmission, two transmitter antenna Alamouti code, four transmitter antenna stacked Alamouti code, and multi-stream spatial multiplexing. We also outline construction of ERBs for multi-user MIMO systems.
Fast detection of moving targets by focusing in multi-channel Ultra-wideband SAR

Long processing time and, in certain cases, restricted ability to detect moving targets are seen as the shortcomings of the moving target detection by focusing technique. The detection ability reduces significantly when Normalized Relative Speeds (NRS) with respect to the speed of the platform are approximated or equal to one. This paper propose solutions for such problems. Local Backprojection (LBP) replaces Global Backprojection (GBP) in the focusing approach of the detection method to save the processing time and a space-time processing technique, namely Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) is used to pre-process multi-channel SAR data to strengthen detection ability. Simulation results demonstrates a fast- and reliable detection achieved with these proposals.
Estimating cinematographic scene depth in movie shots

In film-making, the distance from the camera to the subject greatly affects the narrative power of a shot. By the alternate use of Long shots, Medium and Close-ups the director is able to provide emphasis on key passages of the filmed scene. In this work we investigate four different inherent characteristics of single shots which contain indirect information about scene depth, without the need to recover the 3D structure of the scene as a prior step. Specifically, 2D scene geometric composition, frame colour properties, shot motion distribution and content are considered for classifying shots into three main categories. In the experimental phase, using SVM classifiers, we first test the ability of each single feature in distinguishing shot types; then we combine the whole feature set in order to improve the classification performance.
The application of Analytic hierarchy Process in Logistics Enterprises Personnel Evaluation

With the gradual open-up of the market, foreign logistics companies who have already obtained market access will establish logistics business in China, which enhance the competition of our domestic logistics market. Personnel who have decisive role in the development of companies are the dominator of companiespsila resources and fashioner of their profit. To conduct analysis on their human resources the companies possess is to conduct test on the companiespsila market competitiveness. However, due to the non-by-the-job character of logistics enterprise services and its own feature of human resources, there is great difficulty in quantizing the question. The present essay selects Analytic hierarchy Process, combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, thus form a set of scientific Logistics Enterprises Personnel Evaluation System.
Polymorphisms in maternal and fetal genes encoding for proteins involved in extracellular matrix metabolism alter the risk for small-for-gestational-age

Objective. To examine the association between maternal and fetal genetic variants and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Methods. A case–control study was conducted in patients with SGA neonates (530 maternal and 436 fetal) and controls (599 maternal and 628 fetal); 190 candidate genes and 775 SNPs were studied. Single-locus, multi-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed on maternal and fetal data with logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis, and haplotype-based association with 2 and 3 marker sliding windows, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software was used to assess pathways that associate with SGA. Results. The most significant single-locus association in maternal data was with a SNP in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) (rs2277698 OR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.26–2.32], p = 0.0006) while in the fetus it was with a SNP in fibronectin 1 isoform 3 preproprotein (FN1) (rs3796123, OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.20–1.78], p = 0.0001). Both SNPs were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal body mass index and fetal sex). Haplotype analyses resulted in associations in α 1 type I collagen preproprotein (COL1A1, rs1007086-rs2141279-rs17639446, global p = 0.006) in mothers and FN1 (rs2304573-rs1250204-rs1250215, global p = 0.045) in fetuses. Multi-locus analyses with MDR identified a two SNP model with maternal variants collagen type V α 2 (COL5A2) and plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) predicting SGA outcome correctly 59% of the time (p = 0.035). Conclusions. Genetic variants in extracellular matrix-related genes showed significant single-locus association with SGA. These data are consistent with other studies that have observed elevated circulating fibronectin concentrations in association with increased risk of SGA. The present study supports the hypothesis that DNA variants can partially explain the risk of SGA in a cohort of Hispanic women.
Computer simulation of extrinsic grain-boundary defects in the ∑11, 〈101〉{131} symmetric tilt boundary

Abstract A computer simulation was performed to investigate the structure and properties of extrinsic grain-boundary (GB) defects in the {11, 〈101〉 {131} symmetric tilt boundary. An embedded-atom method potential was employed to represent aluminium. Standard molecular dynamics relaxation techniques were used to compute low-temperature (about 0 K) equilibrium structures. Extrinsic GB dislocations were introduced into the models by application of the exact anisotropic elastic displacement field for a bicrystal interface. Some dislocations were accompanied by geometrically necessary steps (in which case the pair form a disconnection) to avoid formation of GB faults. The structure and properties of the equilibrium GB were compared with GBs containing steps, dislocations and disconnections. A broad range of GB defects was studied in order to characterize their potential effect on GB sliding resistance.
The Effect of Annotation Scheme Decisions on Parsing Learner Data

We present a study on the dependency parsing of second language learner data, focusing less on the parsing techniques and more on the effect of the linguistic distinctions made in the data. In particular, we examine syntactic annotation that relies more on morphological form than on meaning. We see the effect of particular linguistic decisions by: 1) converting and transforming a training corpus with a similar annotation scheme, with transformations occurring either before or after parsing; 2) inputting different kinds of partof-speech (POS) information; and 3) analyzing the output. While we see a general favortism for parsing with more local dependency relations, this seems to be less the case for parsing the data of lower-level learners.
Adaptive regularized noise smoothing of dense range image using directional Laplacian operators

Noise smoothing is very important method in early vision. Recently, many signals such as an intensity image and a range image are widely used in 3D reconstruction, but the observed data are corrupted by many different sources of noise and often need to be preprocessed before further applications. This research proposes a novel adaptive regularized noise smoothing of dense range image using directional Laplacian operators. In general, dense range data includes heavy noise such as Gaussian noise and impulsive noise. Although the existing regularized noise smoothing algorithm can easily smooth Gaussian noise, impulsive noise is not easy to remove from observed range data. In addition, in order to recover the problem such as artifacts on edge region in the conventional regularized noise smoothing of range data, the second smoothness constraint is applied through minimizing the difference between the median filtered data and original data. As a result, the proposed algorithm can effectively remove the noise of dense range data with directional edge preserving.
On the relationship between identification and local tests

Convergence rates and related central limit theorems have been the subject of numerous papers. In Benveniste et al. (1987) a systematic link was first established between system identification, and model validation or testing for small changes. Similarities and relations are discussed in Benveniste et al. (1990), and this so-called local approach has proved very successful in practical applications. In this paper, we revisit and clarify this relationship, and propose in addition new simple proofs for stationary systems.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Tissue Doppler Index E/è for Evaluating Left Ventricular Filling Pressure and Diastolic Dysfunction/Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background Tissue Doppler index E/è is used clinically and in multidisciplinary research for estimation of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and diastolic dysfunction (DD)/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Its diagnostic accuracy is not well studied. Methods and Results From the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases, we identified 24 studies reporting E/è and invasive LVFP in preserved EF (≥50%). In random‐effects models, E/è had poor to mediocre linear correlation with LVFP. Summary sensitivity and specificity (with 95% CIs) for the American Society of Echocardiography–recommended E/è cutoffs (lateral, mean, and septal, respectively) to identify elevated LVFP was estimated by using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic analysis. Summary sensitivity was 30% (9–48%), 37% (13–61%), and 24% (6–46%), and summary specificity was 92% (82–100%), 91% (80–99%), and 98% (92–100%). Positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was <5 for lateral and mean E/è. LR+ was slightly >10 for septal E/è obtained from 4 studies (cumulative sample size <220). For excluding elevated LVFP, summary sensitivity for E/è (lateral, mean, and septal, respectively) was 64% (38–86%), 36% (3–74%), and 50% (14–81%), while summary specificity was 73% (54–89%), 83% (49–100%), and 89% (66–100%). Because of data set limitations, meaningful inference for identifying HFpEF by using E/è could not be drawn. With the use of quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies questionnaire), we found substantial risks of bias and/or applicability. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to support that E/è can reliably estimate LVFP in preserved EF. The diagnostic accuracy of E/è to identify/exclude elevated LVFP and DD/HFpEF is limited and requires further validation in a well‐designed prospective clinical trial.