Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periodic Pricing and Perceived Contract Benefits

Framing a contract’s cost as a series of payments over time structures how people mentally account for the contract’s benefits. For example, when people are asked to donate to a charity once a year (aggregate pricing), they imagine the benefits they will feel from a single, large donation. In contrast, if the charity frames its request in terms of the equivalent daily donation (periodic pricing), people consider the benefits from making many smaller donations, which is often a more enticing prospect than a single gift. Eight lab experiments and a field test examine how periodic pricing influences purchase intentions. Periodic prices can increase perceived benefits, particularly when people value the first few units of a product each more than additional units of consumption. More frequent payments can help people appreciate recurring pleasures and increase the likelihood of purchasing.
The Locality Principle

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A TDOA location algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation programming

In this paper, we proposed a time difference of arrival(TDOA) location method based on the semi-definite relaxation planning in order to achieve the accurate positioning of unknown nodes in sensor network. The unknown nodes include mobile nodes and target node. Based on measurement of time arrived, the noise has been considered, by relaxation the constraint conditions, the non-convex problem has been converted into a convex problem. Numerical simulation showed that the method can effectively improve the positioning precision of the unknown node.
Store choice behavior of processed food shoppers: The effect of time sensitivity and information

Consumption of processed food is rapidly rising and the distribution of processed food retailing becomes diverse. It is important to understand the characteristics of potential customers of each type of retail stores in order to develop consumer-oriented marketing strategies. This study investigates the drivers of consumers’ store choice for processed food focusing on how information-obtaining sources and types of interested information related to food can differently affect the consumer’s choice behavior in purchasing places for processed food. We have five categories for purchasing places (hypermarket, supermarket, grocery store, convenient store and other stores). We empirically analyzed survey data on the Consumer’s Attitudes for Processed Food by using a Multinomial Logit model. Using the survey questions, time-sensitivity variable is constructed by using K-means clustering analysis to test our hypothesis. Time-sensitivity affects the decision-making of purchasing places and the results indicate that time-sensitive consumers are more likely to purchase processed food from hypermarket. Our empirical results show that information-obtaining sources (e.g., TV/radio, newspaper/magazine and internet) and types of interested information related to food (e.g., recipe, nutrition) are important factors for consumers who make purchases from hypermarket and supermarket in comparison to grocery store, base category. However, those who purchase from convenient store and other stores are only significantly affected by socio-economic characteristics. The results provide insights into the characteristics of potential consumers for each type of retail stores.
Rapid and sensitive method for detection of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef using the polymerase chain reaction

A rapid and sensitive method for detection of Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing Escherichia coli (SLT-EC) with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers homologous to SLTI and SLTII genes, respectively, were used in multiplex PCR assays. The first pair generated a ca. 600-bp PCR product with DNA from all SLTI-producing E. coli tested but not from E. coli strains that produce SLTII or variants of SLTII. The second pair generated a ca. 800-bp PCR product with DNA from E. coli strains that produce SLTII or variants of SLTII but not from SLTI-producing E. coli. When used in combination, the SLTI and SLTII oligonucleotide primers amplified DNA from all of the SLT-EC tested. No PCR products were obtained with SLT primers with DNA from 28 E. coli strains that do not produce SLT or 44 strains of 28 other bacterial species. When ground beef samples were inoculated with SLT-EC strains 319 (O157:H7; SLTI and SLTII), H30 (O26:H11; SLTI), and B2F1/3 (O91:H21; SLTII variants VT2ha and VT2hb) and cultured in modified Trypticase soy broth for 6 h at 42 degrees C, an initial sample inoculum of as few as 1 CFU of these SLT-EC strains per g could be detected in PCR assays with DNA extracted from the broth cultures.
Food and tourism destination image: Moderating effect of local food consumption

This study aims to explore factors affecting destination image by focusing on local food and their actual consumption by the tourists. Theoretical concepts and research are lacking in explaining how local food work in destination branding and how actual consumption may affect destination image. By doing so, the study contributes to research on food image, local food experience, and destination image. This paper empirically investigates the moderating effect of the local food consumption on the relationship between food and destination image. The path analysis result shows that local food consumption moderates the relationship between tourist perception of local food and destination image. International tourists agreed that local food consumption, as part of the cultural resources undoubtedly amplify the image of Sabah as a tourism destination. The feedback and promising insights from the international tourists’ proved that authorities should take proactive action in promoting the local food of Sabah in addition to its core tourism products.
A solution to obtain precise fault location using a two-end data algorithm

In the paper there is presented a solution to improve the fault location precision using the actual measurements from the line ends. This solution improves the fault location for the lines where the one-end data fault location is implemented. In order to implement this solution first there are downloaded the voltage and current measurements from each end of the faulted line, then a manual synchronization of these measurements is applied and in the end the two-end data fault location solution is applied. The approach was tested with real data as well as with simulated data. The simulated data was obtained from a simulation equivalent model of the faulted grid. The results obtained demonstrate the precision of the proposed solution when compared with the results of the actual one-end data fault locators.
Contribution of the Two Genes Encoding Histone Variant H3.3 to Viability and Fertility in Mice

Histones package DNA and regulate epigenetic states. For the latter, probably the most important histone is H3. Mammals have three near-identical H3 isoforms: canonical H3.1 and H3.2, and the replication-independent variant H3.3. This variant can accumulate in slowly dividing somatic cells, replacing canonical H3. Some replication-independent histones, through their ability to incorporate outside S-phase, are functionally important in the very slowly dividing mammalian germ line. Much remains to be learned of H3.3 functions in germ cell development. Histone H3.3 presents a unique genetic paradigm in that two conventional intron-containing genes encode the identical protein. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the developmental effects of null mutations in each of these genes. H3f3a mutants were viable to adulthood. Females were fertile, while males were subfertile with dysmorphic spermatozoa. H3f3b mutants were growth-deficient, dying at birth. H3f3b heterozygotes were also growth-deficient, with males being sterile because of arrest of round spermatids. This sterility was not accompanied by abnormalities in sex chromosome inactivation in meiosis I. Conditional ablation of H3f3b at the beginning of folliculogenesis resulted in zygote cleavage failure, establishing H3f3b as a maternal-effect gene, and revealing a requirement for H3.3 in the first mitosis. Simultaneous ablation of H3f3a and H3f3b in folliculogenesis resulted in early primary oocyte death, demonstrating a crucial role for H3.3 in oogenesis. These findings reveal a heavy reliance on H3.3 for growth, gametogenesis, and fertilization, identifying developmental processes that are particularly susceptible to H3.3 deficiency. They also reveal partial redundancy in function of H3f3a and H3f3b, with the latter gene being generally the most important.
Morphoscopic Trait Expressions Used to Identify Southwest Hispanics *

Abstract: Hispanics represent the largest and fastest growing minority in the United States. It is increasingly important to understand the skeletal morphology and regional variation within this diverse group. This research focuses on the eight cranial morphoscopic traits of Southwest Hispanics from Birkby et al. (J Forensic Sci 2008;53(1):29–33) and 18 additional traits. Frequency distributions assessed the prevalence of trait expressions in Southwest Hispanic, African‐American, and European‐American samples. Forward stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated the best traits for differentiating these three groups. Six of the Birkby et al.’s traits are prevalent in the Southwest Hispanic sample and the best traits to distinguish the three groups are as follows: incisor shoveling, anterior malar projection, nasal sill, oval window visualization, enamel extensions, anterior nasal spine, nasal aperture width, and alveolar prognathism. This research demonstrates the efficacy of morphoscopic traits in ancestry determinations and the utility of the aforementioned traits in discriminating Southwest Hispanics, African Americans, and European Americans.
Adherence to Antihypertensive Treatment and the Blood Pressure–Lowering Effects of Renal Denervation in the Renal Denervation for Hypertension (DENERHTN) Trial

Background: The DENERHTN trial (Renal Denervation for Hypertension) confirmed the blood pressure–lowering efficacy of renal denervation added to a standardized stepped-care antihypertensive treatment for resistant hypertension at 6 months. We report the influence of adherence to antihypertensive treatment on blood pressure control. Methods: One hundred six patients with hypertension resistant to 4 weeks of treatment with indapamide 1.5 mg/d, ramipril 10 mg/d (or irbesartan 300 mg/d), and amlodipine 10 mg/d were randomly assigned to renal denervation plus standardized stepped-care antihypertensive treatment, or the same antihypertensive treatment alone. For standardized stepped-care antihypertensive treatment, spironolactone 25 mg/d, bisoprolol 10 mg/d, prazosin 5 mg/d, and rilmenidine 1 mg/d were sequentially added at monthly visits if home blood pressure was ≥135/85 mm Hg after randomization. We assessed adherence to antihypertensive treatment at 6 months by drug screening in urine/plasma samples from 85 patients. Results: The numbers of fully adherent (20/40 versus 21/45), partially nonadherent (13/40 versus 20/45), or completely nonadherent patients (7/40 versus 4/45) to antihypertensive treatment were not different in the renal denervation and the control groups, respectively (P=0.3605). The difference in the change in daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure from baseline to 6 months between the 2 groups was –6.7 mm Hg (P=0.0461) in fully adherent and –7.8 mm Hg (P=0.0996) in nonadherent (partially nonadherent plus completely nonadherent) patients. The between-patient variability of daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure was greater for nonadherent than for fully adherent patients. Conclusions: In the DENERHTN trial, the prevalence of nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs at 6 months was high (≈50%) but not different in the renal denervation and control groups. Regardless of adherence to treatment, renal denervation plus standardized stepped-care antihypertensive treatment resulted in a greater decrease in blood pressure than standardized stepped-care antihypertensive treatment alone. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01570777.
Monitoring de réservoirs : Mise à jour du modèle géologique par les données de production et de sismique 4D

Les questions de surete et d'incertitudes sont au centre des etudes de faisabilite pour un site de stockage souterrain de dechets nucleaires, en particulier l'evaluation des incertitudes sur les indicateurs de surete qui sont dues aux incertitudes sur les proprietes du sous-sol et des contaminants. L'approche globale par les methodes probabilistes de type Monte Carlo fournit de bons resultats, mais elle demande un grand nombre de simulations. La methode deterministe etudiee ici est complementaire. Reposant sur la decomposition en valeurs singulieres de la derivee du modele, elle ne donne qu'une information locale, mais elle est beaucoup moins couteuse en temps de calcul. Le modele d'ecoulement suit la loi de Darcy et le transport des radionucleides autour du site de stockage est modelise par une equation de diffusion-convection lineaire. Differentiation a la main et differentiation automatique sont comparees sur ces modeles en mode direct et en mode adjoint. Une etude comparee des deux approches probabiliste et deterministe pour l'analyse de la sensibilite des flux de contaminants aux exutoires par rapport aux variations des parametres d'entree est menee sur des donnees realistes fournies par l'ANDRA. Des outils generiques d'analyse de sensibilite et de couplage de code sont developpes en langage Caml. Ils permettent a l'utilisateur de ces plates-formes generiques de ne fournir que la partie specifique de l'application dans le langage de son choix. Une etude sur les ecoulements diphasiques eau/air partiellement satures en hydrogeologie porte sur les limitations des approximations de Richards et de la formulation en pression globale issue du domaine petrolier
Digital radiography and conventional imaging of the chest: a comparison of observer performance.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare observer performance in interpreting high-quality, digitally acquired computed radiographs of the chest displayed on either laser-printed radiographs or a workstation with observer performance in interpreting conventional chest radiographs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed a receiver-operating-characteristic study in which the presence or absence of five abnormalities was determined by nine experienced radiologists on 310 posteroanterior radiographs of the chest displayed in three forms: conventional radiographs, laser-printed films of digital radiographs, and digital radiographs on a high-resolution workstation. RESULTS The results of our study suggest that observer performance with laser-printed films of digital radiographs obtained with high-resolution (4K x 5K), high-contrast sensitivity (12 bits) and appropriate exposure is comparable to observer performance with conventional radiographs. Observer performance with digital radiographs displayed on the workstation was found to be significantly lower for abnormalities that contained high-frequency and low-contrast information (e.g., interstitial disease and pneumothorax). CONCLUSION Computed radiography technology can produce image quality that is adequate for interpreting posteroanterior radiographs of the chest. Observer performance is not as good when radiographs displayed on workstations are used to diagnose specific abnormalities.
Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations : From referentialism to human action: the Augustinian theory of language

In this chapter, I present an interpretation of the first twenty or so sections of the Philosophical Investigations. My presentation has three parts. First, I briefly compare and contrast Wittgenstein’s philosophical intentions in the Investigations with his intentions in the earlier Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Second, against that first backdrop, I explicate Wittgenstein’s famous thesis that meaning-is-use. Third and finally, against that second backdrop, I unpack Wittgenstein’s opening argument for the meaning-is-use thesis. This opening argument is a philosophical roadmap for Wittgenstein’s other arguments in support of the meaning-is-use thesis, in the pregnant sense that the basic concepts and strategies he later deploys are already etched into it and guide his further moves.
Justify your love: Testing an online STI-risk communication intervention designed to promote condom use and STI-testing

The efficacy of a tailored, web-based intervention communicating the risks of sexually transmitted infections (STI) for heterosexual young adults was examined in a randomised, controlled trial. The main aims of the relationship-oriented intervention were to influence risk perceptions and to promote (maintenance of) condom use and STI-testing among young adults who reported being recently engaged in a heterosexual relationship. The intervention addressed risk perceptions, attitudes, normative beliefs, self-efficacy and skills related to condom use and STI-testing. Outcomes were compared immediately after the intervention (N = 171) and 3 months later (N = 115) to a non-tailored intervention group and to a control group. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes showed that the tailored intervention was efficacious in influencing perceived susceptibility to STI and STI-testing intentions immediately after the intervention, and in reducing rates of unprotected sex at 3 months.
Attributable Morbidity and Mortality of Catheter-Related Septicemia in Critically Ill Patients: a Matched, Risk-Adjusted, Cohort Study

Objective: To determine the attributable risk of death due to catheter-related septicemia (CRS) in critically ill patients when taking into account severity of illness during the intensive-care unit (ICU) stay but before CRS. Design: Pairwise-matched (1:2) exposed-unexposed study. Setting: 10-bed medical-surgical ICU and an 18-bed medical ICU. Patients: Patients admitted to either ICU between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1995, were eligible. Exposed patients were defined as patients with CRS; unexposed controls were selected according to matching variables. Methods: Matching variables were diagnosis at ICU admission, length of central catheterization before the infection, McCabe Score, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) II at admission, age, and gender. Severity scores (SAPS II, Organ System Failure Score, Organ Dysfunction and Infection Score, and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System) were calculated four times for each patient: the day of ICU admission, the day of CRS onset, and 3 and 7 days before CRS. Matching was successful for 38 exposed patients. Statistical analysis was based on nonparametric tests for epidemiological data and on Cox's models for the exposed-unexposed study, with adjustment on matching variables and prognostic factors of mortality. Results: CRS complicated 1.17 per 100 ICU admissions during the study period. Twenty (53%) of the CRS cases were associated with septic shock. CRS was associated with a 28% increase in SAPS II. Crude ICU mortality rates from exposed and unexposed patients were 50% and 21%, respectively. CRS remained associated with mortality even when adjusted on other prognostic factors at ICU admission (relative risk [RR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.08-3.73; P=.03). However, after adjustment on severity scores calculated between ICU admission and 1 week before CRS, the increased mortality was no longer significant (RR, 1.41; CI95, 0.76-2.61; P=.27). Conclusion: CRS is associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality in the ICU, even when adjusted on severity factors at ICU admission. However, after adjustment on severity factors during the ICU stay and before the event, there was only a trend toward CRS-attributable mortality. The evolution of patient severity should be taken into account when evaluating excess mortality induced by nosocomial events in ICU patients.
Loss of H2 and CO from protonated aldehydes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of many protonated aldehydes shows loss of CO as a major fragmentation pathway. However, we find that certain aldehydes undergo loss of H2 followed by reaction with water in the collision cell. This complicates interpretation of tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra and affects multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) results. METHODS 3-Formylchromone and other aldehydes were dissolved in acetonitrile/water/formic acid and studied by ESI-MS to record their MS(2) and MS(n) spectra in several mass spectrometers (QqQ, QTOF, ion trap (IT), and Orbitrap HCD). Certain product ions were found to react with water and the rate of reaction was determined in the IT instrument using zero collision energy and variable activation times. Theoretical calculations were performed to help with the interpretation of the fragmentation mechanism. RESULTS Protonated 3-formylchromones and 3-formylcoumarins undergo loss of H2 as a major fragmentation route to yield a ketene cation, which reacts with water to form a protonated carboxylic acid. In general, protonated aldehydes which contain a vicinal group that forms a hydrogen bridge with the formyl group undergo significant loss of H2. Subsequent losses of CO and C3O are also observed. Theoretical calculations suggest mechanistic details for these losses. CONCLUSIONS Loss of H2 is a major fragmentation channel for protonated 3-formychromones and certain other aldehydes and it is followed by reaction with water to produce a protonated carboxylic acid, which undergoes subsequent fragmentation. This presents a problem for reference libraries and raises concerns about MRM results.
Omega-Net: Fully Automatic, Multi-View Cardiac MR Detection, Orientation, and Segmentation with Deep Neural Networks

Pixelwise segmentation of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and the four cardiac chambers in 2-D steady state free precession (SSFP) cine sequences is an essential preprocessing step for a wide range of analyses. Variability in contrast, appearance, orientation, and placement of the heart between patients, clinical views, scanners, and protocols makes fully automatic semantic segmentation a notoriously difficult problem. Here, we present ${\Omega}$-Net (Omega-Net): a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for simultaneous detection, transformation into a canonical orientation, and semantic segmentation. First, a coarse-grained segmentation is performed on the input image, second, the features learned during this coarse-grained segmentation are used to predict the parameters needed to transform the input image into a canonical orientation, and third, a fine-grained segmentation is performed on the transformed image. In this work, ${\Omega}$-Nets of varying depths were trained to detect five foreground classes in any of three clinical views (short axis, SA, four-chamber, 4C, two-chamber, 2C), without prior knowledge of the view being segmented. This constitutes a substantially more challenging problem compared with prior work. The architecture was trained on a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, N = 42) and healthy control subjects (N = 21). Network performance as measured by weighted foreground intersection-over-union (IoU) was substantially improved in the best-performing ${\Omega}$- Net compared with U-Net segmentation without detection or orientation (0.858 vs 0.834). We believe this architecture represents a substantive advancement over prior approaches, with implications for biomedical image segmentation more generally.