Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DaaS: DDoS Mitigation-as-a-Service

DaaS is a service that protects a server against all 3 types of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS), arbitrary packet, legit user-mimicking and economic attacks. For arbitrary packet DDoS defense, DaaS's framework facilitates harness of intermediaries that relay traffic to a server so that their total resource exceeds those of DDoS bots. For legit user-mimicking DDoS defense, DaaS's unique self-verifying Proof-of-Work (sPoW) empowers a sender to compete with bots by solving a more difficult sPoW puzzle to discover a more obscure "ephemeral" intermediary channel that has been designated to relay a single connection to its desired destination. For economic DDoS (eDDoS) defense (protection against DDoS stretching a server's metered-resource to inflate utilization charges), obscure ephemeral channels force bots to continuously expend resource to discover them before the bots can trigger channel utilization billing. Although neither using intermediaries nor PoW is new, DaaS represents a leap forward because: (1) DaaS framework tackles the incentive issue of harnessing intermediary resource to a volume sufficient for arbitrary packet DDoS defense, an issue ignored by existing work, and (2) sPoW protects against eDDoS, which conventional PoWs cannot, servers are billed, in principle, for only legitimate traffic relayed with bot traffic quietly discarded.
Rotenone-Mediated Changes in Intracellular Coenzyme A Thioester Levels: Implications for Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Rotenone, an organic pesticide and potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, causes Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in rodents and is implicated in human Parkinson’s disease. In this rapid report, rotenone induced a dose-dependent decrease in succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and increase in β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA in multiple human cell lines (IC50 < 100 nM). Rotenone also inhibited [U-13C6]-glucose-derived [13C]-acetyl-CoA and [13C]-succinyl-CoA biosynthesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. These changes are compatible with a compensatory metabolic rearrangement. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and CoA thioester isotopomer analysis provided insight into mechanisms of rotenone toxicity, which will facilitate the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
A Separator Theorem for Planar Graphs

Let G be any n-vertex planar graph. We prove that the vertices of G can be partitioned into three sets A, B, C such that no edge joins a vertex in A with a vertex in B, neither A nor B contains more than ${2n / 3}$ vertices, and C contains no more than $2\sqrt 2 \sqrt n $ vertices. We exhibit an algorithm which finds such a partition A, B, C in $O( n )$ time.
CONTE, HIRSCH, HWU: SINGLE PASS METHODS FOR EFFICIENT CACHE SIMULATION 1 Combining Trace Sampling with Single Pass Methods for E cient Cache Simulation

The design of the memory hierarchy is crucial to the performance of high performance computer systems. The incorporation of multiple levels of caches into the memory hierarchy is known to increase the performance of high end machines but the development of architectural prototypes of various memory hierarchy designs is costly and time consuming. In this paper, we will describe a single pass method used in combination with trace sampling techniques to produce a fast and accurate approach for simulating multiple sizes of caches simultaneously.
An Empirical Study of Clustering Behavior of Spammers and Group-based Anti-Spam Strategies

We conducted an empirical study of the clustering behavior of spammers and explored the group-based anti-spam strategies. We propose to block spammers as groups instead of dealing with each spam individually. We empirically observe that, with a certain grouping criteria such as having the same URL in the spam mail, the relationship among the spammers has demonstrated highly clustering structures. By examining the spam mails gathered in a seven-day period, we found that if a spammer is associated with multiple groups, it has a higher probability of sending more spam mails in the near future. We also observed that the spam mails from the same group of spammers often arrive in burst and a very small fraction of the active spammers actually accounted for a large portion of the total spam mails.
SCENE UNDERSTANDING USING BACK PROPAGATION BY NEURAL NETWORK

In this paper, we proposed an efficient method to address the problem of scene understanding that is based on neural network (NN) and image segmentation. We utilized a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to train the network and features are extracted using pixels in the RGB color space. In this work, object samples in images with varying lighting conditions are used to obtain a wide object color distribution. The training data is generated from positive and negative training patterns in the color planes. Subsequently, training set is fed to an MLP, trained by the back propagation algorithm using these object samples. We apply the above mentioned NN-based object classifier to the test image which is applied to image segmentation and corresponding to the pixel level of the object in test image particular object is determined.
Non-Asymptotic Performance of Symmetric Slepian-Wolf Coding

Like most results in information theory, the classical Slepian-Wolf theorem is asymptotic. We characterize how quickly the limits put forth by in- formation theory can be reached. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we investigate the non-asymptotic regime for two binary sources that generate sequences with a symmetric joint distribution. Second, we pro- vide tight converse and achievable bounds and also show how to construct codes for any rate pair within the feasible rate region. The key result is that the feasible rate region for the non-asymptotic regime is obtained by translating the corresponding rate region for the asymptotic regime.
DiaPro

Impact analysis not only assists developers with change planning and management, but also facilitates a range of other client analyses, such as testing and debugging. In particular, for developers working in the context of specific program executions, dynamic impact analysis is usually more desirable than static approaches, as it produces more manageable and relevant results with respect to those concrete executions. However, existing techniques for this analysis mostly lie on two extremes: either fast, but too imprecise, or more precise, yet overly expensive. In practice, both more cost-effective techniques and variable cost-effectiveness trade-offs are in demand to fit a variety of usage scenarios and budgets of impact analysis. This article aims to fill the gap between these two extremes with an array of cost-effective analyses and, more broadly, to explore the cost and effectiveness dimensions in the design space of impact analysis. We present the development and evaluation of DiaPro, a framework that unifies a series of impact analyses, including three new hybrid techniques that combine static and dynamic analyses. Harnessing both static dependencies and multiple forms of dynamic data including method-execution events, statement coverage, and dynamic points-to sets, DiaPro prunes false-positive impacts with varying strength for variant effectiveness and overheads. The framework also facilitates an in-depth examination of the effects of various program information on the cost-effectiveness of impact analysis. We applied DiaPro to ten Java applications in diverse scales and domains, evaluating it thoroughly on both arbitrary and repository-based queries from those applications. We show that the three new analyses are all significantly more effective than existing alternatives while remaining efficient, and the DiaPro framework, as a whole, provides flexible cost-effectiveness choices for impact analysis with the best options for variable needs and budgets. Our study results also suggest that hybrid techniques tend to be much more cost-effective than purely dynamic approaches, in general, and that statement coverage has mostly stronger effects than dynamic points-to sets on the cost-effectiveness of dynamic impact analysis, while static dependencies have even stronger effects than both forms of dynamic data.
Bending Flows for Sums of Rank One Matrices

Abstract We study certain symplectic quotients of $n$ -fold products of complex projective $m$ -space by the unitary group acting diagonally. After studying nonemptiness and smoothness of these quotients we construct the action-angle variables, defined on an open dense subset, of an integrable Hamiltonian system. The semiclassical quantization of this system reporduces formulas from the representation theory of the unitary group.
Accessible Surfaces of Beta Proteins Increase with Increasing Protein Molecular Mass More Rapidly than Those of Other Proteins

Here we present a systematic analysis of accessible surface areas and hydrogen bonds of 2554 globular proteins from four structural classes (all-α, all-β, α/β and α+β proteins) that is aimed to learn in which structural class the accessible surface area increases with increasing protein molecular mass more rapidly than in other classes, and what structural peculiarities are responsible for this effect. The beta structural class of proteins was found to be the leader, with the following possible explanations of this fact. First, in beta structural proteins, the fraction of residues not included in the regular secondary structure is the largest, and second, the accessible surface area of packaged elements of the beta-structure increases more rapidly with increasing molecular mass in comparison with the alpha-structure. Moreover, in the beta structure, the probability of formation of backbone hydrogen bonds is higher than that in the alpha helix for all residues of α+β proteins (the average probability is 0.73±0.01 for the beta-structure and 0.60±0.01 for the alpha-structure without proline) and α/β proteins, except for asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, threonine, and serine (0.70±0.01 for the beta-structure and 0.60±0.01 for the alpha-structure without the proline residue). There is a linear relationship between the number of hydrogen bonds and the number of amino acid residues in the protein ().
Statistical Genetic Interval-Valued Type-2 Fuzzy System and its Application

In recent years, the type-2 fuzzy sets theory has been used to model and minimize the effects of uncertainties in rule-base fuzzy logic system. In order to make the type-2 fuzzy logic system reasonable and reliable, a new simple and novel statistical method to decide interval-valued fuzzy membership functions and a new probability type reduced reasoning method for the interval-valued fuzzy logic system are proposed in this thesis. In order to optimize this particle system's performance, we adopt genetic algorithm (GA) to adjust parameters. The applications for the new system are performed and results have shown that the developed method is more accurate and robust to design a reliable fuzzy logic system than type-1 method and the computation of our proposed method is more efficient.
Template-free monocular reconstruction of deformable surfaces

It has recently been shown that deformable 3D surfaces could be recovered from single video streams. However, existing techniques either require a reference view in which the shape of the surface is known a priori, which often may not be available, or require tracking points over long sequences, which is hard to do. In this paper, we overcome these limitations. To this end, we establish correspondences between pairs of frames in which the shape is different and unknown. We then estimate homographies between corresponding local planar patches in both images. These yield approximate 3D reconstructions of points within each patch up to a scale factor. Since we consider overlapping patches, we can enforce them to be consistent over the whole surface. Finally, a local deformation model is used to fit a triangulated mesh to the 3D point cloud, which makes the reconstruction robust to both noise and outliers in the image data.
Processing XPath Queries in PC-Clusters Using XML Data Partitioning

Recently, with the rapid spread of XML format, it has become popular that large-scale data, whose size range from several hundreds of MB to several GB, are described by XML. For the purpose of providing fast and reliable means for storage and retrieval of huge XML data, it is a reasonable choice for us to use XML databases. In fact, there are many ways to realize XML databases, but relational XML database, in that an XML data is mapped to relational tables and query processing is enabled in terms of SQL queries, is one of the most popular way to implement XML databases. However, some researchers have pointed out that the performance of relational XML databases degrades when dealing with such huge XML data. In this study, we propose a scheme for parallel processing of XML data using PC Clusters. First, we discuss how to decompose XML data so that we can perform parallel processing of XML queries. We give the definitions of vertical and horizontal decomposition of XML data based on decomposition of schema graph and XML instances, respectively. To allocate decomposed XML data to cluster nodes, we give an algorithm for computing pseudo-optimal assignment of XML fragments like greedy method in the light of XML query workload. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Language Resources and Annotation Tools for Cross-Sentence Relation Extraction

In this paper, we present a novel combination of two types of language resources dedicated to the detection of relevant relations (RE) such as events or facts across sentence boundaries. One of the two resources is the sar-graph, which aggregates for each target relation ten thousands of linguistic patterns of semantically associated relations that signal instances of the target relation (Uszkoreit and Xu, 2013). These have been learned from the Web by intra-sentence pattern extraction (Krause et al., 2012) and after semantic filtering and enriching have been automatically combined into a single graph. The other resource is cockrACE, a specially annotated corpus for the training and evaluation of cross-sentence RE. By employing our powerful annotation tool Recon, annotators mark selected entities and relations (including events), coreference relations among these entities and events, and also terms that are semantically related to the relevant relations and events. This paper describes how the two resources are created and how they complement each other.
Mathematical modeling of the informative process in the biosensor of angular acceleration

In this work we present a mathematical model of the informative process of the biosensor of angular acceleration (vestibular system in the inner ear). The functional and numerical parameters of the model have been identified by physiological and morphological experiments in the inner ear of amphibians and mammals. The model developed is a compartmental-type model in which we considered all the stages of the sensory activation process in the biosensor of angular acceleration. We performed a comparative analysis between our model and the mathematical model of Fernandez and Goldberg (1971), in which they described the change of the firing frequency of primary afferent neurons in response to the angular acceleration of the head about the vertical axis. The comparative analysis of both models indicates that our model more appropriately reproduce the fast responses of the vestibular system than Fernandez and Goldberg model; in addition, the parameters used in our model have physiological meaning.
A user-centered mobile health device to manage life-threatening anaphylactic allergies and provide support in allergic reactions

This paper presents a user-centered mobile health device to help people with life-threatening allergies request emergency services in the case of an anaphylactic attack. The device was designed as a support tool to directly assist anaphylactic people and their carers, as opposed to a medical resource designed for practitioners. It makes use of multimedia technology, for example, with first aid video demonstrations showing how to deliver life-saving adrenaline injections using the injectors typically carried by anaphylactic people. A 3-axis accelerometer mounted on the adrenaline injector sends data via Bluetooth to the Smartphone platform and injections events can be automatically sensed and communicated together with personal information and GPS location. Emergency services can receive an alarm and a web-based application can show a patient record and provide a map of their location. This paper describes the health management and alarm functions of the device and presents usability test results from real anaphylactic users.
Age- and growth hormone-induced alterations in renal sulfate transport.

The effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment on renal sodium sulfate cotransport (NaSi-1) were studied in adult (9-10 months) and old (22-23 months) male Fischer 344 rats. All animals received twice-daily s.c. injections of recombinant human GH (hGH; 4 mg/kg) for up to 6 days. Animals were sacrificed by exsanguination on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Kidneys were removed, and kidney cortex was trimmed immediately and used for RNA and membrane preparations. Plasma hGH concentrations were significantly lower in old rats during the hGH treatment (P <.05). Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were significantly increased and remained stable after day 2 of hGH treatment in both age groups (P <.05). There was no significant difference in plasma IGF-I levels between age groups. Plasma IGF-I binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations were significantly higher in 9- to 10-month-old rats compared with that in 22- to 23-month-old animals (P <.001). There were no significant differences in plasma IGFBP-3 concentrations between days of hGH treatment. The NaSi-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in 22- to 23-month-old rats compared with that in 9- to 10-month-old animals (P <.001). The NaSi-1 mRNA levels were significantly increased on days 2 and 3 of hGH treatment (P <.05) and then gradually decreased to the control value. The NaSi-1 protein levels in old animals (22-23 months) were also significantly lower than that of 9- to 10-month-old animals and were significantly increased from day 2 of hGH treatment, reaching a maximum level on day 3 or 4 and then returning to the baseline level in both age groups. From these results, it was concluded that 1) NaSi-1 mRNA and protein levels are lower in old animals and increase in both adult and aged rats after hGH treatment, 2) plasma IGF-I levels are similar in adult and aged rats and increase after hGH treatment, and 3) plasma IGFBP-3 levels are lower in old rats and remain unchanged after hGH treatment.
Compressed Sensing: Underwater Acoustic Channel Estimation with Doppler Shifts

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels are wideband in nature due to the small ratio of the carrier frequency to the signal bandwidth, which introduces frequency dependent on Doppler spread. Compressed Sensing (CS) offers a method to solve the channel estimation problems for an UWA system, based on the existence of a sparse representation of the treated signal and an over-complete dictionary with a set of non-orthogonal bases. In this paper, we propose a new type of channel estimator using the compressed sensing theory, which releases the sparse channel estimation from the highly dependence on Doppler compensation. Instead of using various compensation approaches, the proposed index is designed by modeling Doppler shifts as the atoms shifts in over-complete dictionary. From the results, this method improves the mean square error (MSE) performance with lower complexity and hardware cost. In addition, the new method has the additional benefit being less sensitive to Doppler rate variety. The simulation results show the robustness of the new channel estimator for Doppler effects.
A Concurrency Problem with Exponential DPLL(T) Proofs

Many satisfiability modulo theories solvers implement a variant of the DPLL(T ) framework which separates theory-specific reasoning from reasoning on the propositional abstraction of the formula. Such solvers conclude that a formula is unsatisfiable once they have learned enough theory conflicts to derive a propositional contradiction. However some problems, such as the diamonds problem, require learning exponentially many conflicts. We give a general criterion for establishing lower bounds on the number of theory conflicts in any DPLL(T ) proof for a given problem. We apply our criterion to two different state-of-the-art symbolic partial-order encodings of a simple, yet representative concurrency problem. Even though one of the encodings is asymptotically smaller than the other, we establish the same exponential lower bound proof complexity for both. Our experiments confirm this theoretical lower bound across multiple solvers and theory combinations.
Part of Speech Tagging for French Social Media Data

In the context of Social Media Analytics, Natural Language Processing tools face new chal- lenges on on-line conversational text, such as microblogs, chat, or text messages, because of the specificity of the language used in these channels. This work addresses the problem of Part- Of-Speech tagging (initially for French but also for English) on noisy language usage from the popular social media services like Twitter, Facebook and forums. We employ a linear-chain con- ditional random fields (CRFs) model, enriched with several morphological, orthographic, lexical and large-scale word clustering features. Our experiments used different feature configurations to train the model. We achieved a higher tagging performance with these features, compared to baseline results on French social media bank. Moreover, experiments on English social media content show that our model improves over previous works on these data.
Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies Novel IRF2BP2-CDX1 Fusion Gene Brought about by Translocation t(1;5)(q42;q32) in Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MCs) account for 3–10% of primary chondrosarcomas. The cytogenetic literature includes only ten such tumours with karyotypic information and no specific aberrations have been identified. Using a purely molecular genetic approach a HEY1-NCOA2 fusion gene was recently detected in 10 of 15 investigated MCs. The fusion probably arises through intrachromosomal rearrangement of chromosome arm 8 q. We report a new case of MC showing a t(1;5)(q42;q32) as the sole karyotypic aberration. Through FISH and whole transcriptome sequencing analysis we found a novel fusion between the IRF2BP2 gene and the transcription factor CDX1 gene arising from the translocation. The IRF2BP2-CDX1 has not formerly been described in human neoplasia. In our hospital’s archives three more cases of MC were found, and we examined them looking for the supposedly more common HEY1-NCOA2 fusion, finding it in all three tumours but not in the case showing t(1;5) and IRF2BP2-CDX1 gene fusion. This demonstrates that genetic heterogeneity exists in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
Color from black-and-white surveillance cameras

In criminal investigation, the color of the clothes that a suspect wore is very important information. When the suspect was imaged by a color surveillance camera, this information is available. However, if the camera was black-and-white, it is usually impossible to obtain this information. Nevertheless, if the suspect was imaged under several different illuminations, some color information can be estimated depending on the variation of the illuminations, even if the images themselves are black-and-white. In this paper, we formulate this problem, and on the basis of the formulation, we discuss what kind of color information can be obtained under given illumination conditions. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Apart from criminal investigation, if we actively control the illumination, the method can be used as a method for measuring spectral reflectance. This subject is also discussed.