Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exportations et performances économiques : étude d'un panel d'entreprises chinoises

Les entreprises apprennent-elles en exportant ? C'est a cette question que nous tentons de repondre, a partir d'un panel compose de 2 105 entreprises chinoises sur la periode 1988-1992. Lorsque l'on controle l'influence des performances passees et des caracteristiques non observees des firmes, une experience a l'exportation permet des ameliorations significatives dans les performances des entreprises. Il est interessant de noter que ces effets d'apprentissage sont plus importants dans le cas des exportateurs de longue date. En revanche, les effets d'apprentissage sont non significatifs, voire parfois negatifs pour les nouveaux entrants sur les marches a l'exportation.
Metabolic syndrome and endocrine dysfunctions after HSCT in children

MS and endocrine dysfunction(s) are common well‐recognized complications after HSCT. We retrospectively analyzed our data on 160 patients with a median age at transplant of five yr (0.3–23), who had been followed for a median of seven yr (range 3–18) at Nationwide Children's Hospital after transplant. Dyslipidemia and MS were seen in 13% and 7.5% patients, respectively, and 58% of these patients were <20 yr of age. Twelve patients met the criteria for diagnosis of MS, but four of these did not meet the International Diabetic Federation or WHO criteria. Variation in the diagnostic criteria for MS leading to underdiagnosis is discussed. Female gonadal failure (27%) and hypothyroidism (21%) were the most common endocrine dysfunctions, followed by short stature and GH deficiency (17%) each. TBI and younger age at HSCT were associated with the highest burden of long‐term effects, and female sex was more significantly associated with MS‐related dysfunction (p < 0.05). Uniform diagnostic criteria for MS and close follow‐up after transplant are important for the early diagnosis and management of these late effects, thereby improving the overall quality of life of these patients.
Labour Supply Effects of Conditional Transfers: Analyzing the Dominican Republic's Solidarity Program

This paper studies the impact of the conditional cash transfer program Solidaridad on changes in the labor market of the Dominican Republic based on statistical data from the Evaluation of the Social Security Survey 2010. The estimation methodology is based on matching techniques, which can discern the impact on both benene.t-receiving and non-benefit-receiving households. The results show a negative but very small impact of the different components of the program on labor market indicators, especially for the components related to children. However, the estimates show some heterogeneity in the effects on the most vulnerable sectors of the population.
Inspiratory muscle training does not improve clinical outcomes in 3-week COPD rehabilitation: results from a randomised controlled trial

The value of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. The RIMTCORE (Routine Inspiratory Muscle Training within COPD Rehabilitation) randomised controlled trial examined the effectiveness of IMT added to pulmonary rehabilitation. In total, 611 COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II–IV) received a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, of which 602 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. The intervention group (n=300) received highly intensive IMT and the control group (n=302) received sham IMT. The primary outcome was maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax). The secondary outcomes were 6-min walk distance, dyspnoea, quality of life and lung function. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-pulmonary rehabilitation. ANCOVA was used. The intervention group showed higher effects in PImax (p<0.001) and forced inspiratory volume in 1 s (p=0.013). All other outcomes in both study groups improved significantly, but without further between-group differences. Sex and pulmonary rehabilitation admission shortly after hospitalisation modified quality of life effects. IMT as an add-on to a 3-week pulmonary rehabilitation improves inspiratory muscle strength, but does not provide additional benefits in terms of exercise capacity, quality of life or dyspnoea. A general recommendation for COPD patients to add IMT to a 3-week pulmonary rehabilitation cannot be made. IMT added to a 3-week PR programme improved PImax and FIV1, but not exercise capacity, dyspnoea or QoL #COPD http://ow.ly/hPGK30gfqej
Transparency, Risk Management and International Financial Fragility

Discussions of financial risk often fail to distinguish between risks that are consciously borne and those that are not. To understand the breeding conditions for financial crises the prime focus of concern should not be simply on large risk-taking per se, but on the unintended, or unanticipated accumulation of large risks by individuals, institutions or governments, often through the lack of knowledge or understanding of the risks by stakeholders and overseers of those entities. This paper analyses specific situations in which significant unanticipated and unintended financial risks are accumulated. It focuses, in particular, on the implicit guarantees that governments extend to banks and other financial institutions, which may result in the accumulation, often unconscious from the viewpoint of the government, of unanticipated risks in the balance sheet of the public sector. The paper also discusses how risk exposures can be measured, hedged and transferred through the use of derivatives, swap contracts, and other contractual agreements with specific reference to emerging markets.
Cooperation and Community an the Internet: Past Issues and Present Perspectives for Theoretical-Empirical Internet Research

Abstract This paper first summarizes two central debates in the field of social scientific Internet research, namely the debate about the so-called ‘social impact of Internet use’ and the debate about the existence of community on the Internet. Early research discussed whether building up a community on the Internet was possible and what the effects of the use of the Internet were for its user. Recent research on the social consequences of Internet use suggests that ‘the’ Internet should no longer be regarded as a constant that has uniform effects for its users. Rather, the consequences of its use depend on a number of contextual conditions . The paper presents some theories that explain which conditions and features of online groups facilitate the finding of solutions to bilateral or group-level problems of cooperation.
Enhanced Feature Sets for Face Recognition with varying Lighting Conditions and Noise

Making recognition more reliable under uncontrolled lighting conditions is one of the most important challenges for practical face recognition systems. We tackle this by combining the strengths of robust illumination normalization, local texture-based face representations, distance transform based matching, kernelbased feature extraction and multiple feature fusion. Additionally we propose SIFT which is an approach for detecting and extracting local feature descriptors . By combining the results produced from both the above mentioned approaches,we increase the accuracy of recognizing the given image from group images even with difficult lighting conditions and noise.
Adoption of Food Safety and Quality Controls: Do Firm Characteristics Matter? Evidence from the Canadian Food Processing Sector

"This study explores the association between the adoption of food safety and quality assurance practices in the Canadian food processing sector and firm characteristics. A conceptual model is developed recognizing that the relative importance of a firm's incentives to adopt enhanced food safety and quality assurance practices is influenced by the firm's characteristics and activities. Binomial logit models are estimated to explore the association between adoption of various combinations of food safety and quality assurance practices including hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP). The findings show that the adoption of food safety and quality practices varies widely between individual firms according to, among others, firm size, country of ownership and control, level of innovativeness, level of export orientation, forms of food safety inspection, and the subsector in which the firm operates. Incentives of being able to access foreign markets play an important role in influencing HACCP adoption. " Copyright 2007 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
The Effect of Humor on Memory: Constrained by the Pun

ABSTRACT In a series of experiments, we investigated the effect of pun humor on memory. In all experiments, the participants were exposed to knock-knock jokes in either the original form retaining the pun or in a modified form that removed the pun. In Experiment 1, the authors found that pun humor improved both recall and recognition memory following incidental encoding. In Experiment 2, they found evidence that rehearsal is not the cause of the humor effect on memory. In Experiments 3 and 4, the authors found that the constraints imposed by puns and incongruity may account for the humor effects observed. Puns constrain and limit the information that can fit in the final line of a joke and thus make recall easier.
High-Resolution Microbiome Profiling for Detection and Tracking of Salmonella enterica

16S rRNA community profiling continues to be a useful tool to study microbiome composition and dynamics, in part due to advances in next generation sequencing technology that translate into reductions in cost. Reliable taxonomic identification to the species-level, however, remains difficult, especially for short-read sequencing platforms, due to incomplete coverage of the 16S rRNA gene. This is especially true for Salmonella enterica, which is often found as a low abundant member of the microbial community, and is often found in combination with several other closely related enteric species. Here, we report on the evaluation and application of Resphera Insight, an ultra-high resolution taxonomic assignment algorithm for 16S rRNA sequences to the species level. The analytical pipeline achieved 99.7% sensitivity to correctly identify S. enterica from WGS datasets extracted from the FDA GenomeTrakr Bioproject, while demonstrating 99.9% specificity over other Enterobacteriaceae members. From low-diversity and low-complexity samples, namely ice cream, the algorithm achieved 100% specificity and sensitivity for Salmonella detection. As demonstrated using cilantro and chili powder, for highly complex and diverse samples, especially those that contain closely related species, the detection threshold will likely have to be adjusted higher to account for misidentifications. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach to detect Salmonella in the clinical setting, in this case, bloodborne infections.
Learning SQL in steps

Learning SQL is a common problem for many Computer Science (CS) students, the steps involved are quite different to those mastered when learning procedural or object-oriented programming languages. The introduction of commercial products that include shortcuts into the learning environment can initially appear to benefit the student, however, transferring these skills to a textual environment can be difficult for many students. Computer Science students are required to build textual SQL queries because the demands of complex queries can quickly out grow the capabilities of graphical query builders available in many software packages. SQL in Steps (SiS) is a graphical user interface centred around the textual translation of a query; this combination of a GUI and a clear representation of its textual meaning has the potential to improve the way in which users gain an understanding of SQL. SiS allows for an incremental and evolutionary development of queries by enabling students to build queries step by step until their goal is reached. A planned evaluation of SiS hopes to quantify the extent to which the introduction of such a user interface into the learning environment can improve the students’ understanding of the language.
A Novel Saliency Detection Model based on Self Organizing Tree Algorithm

Image saliency detection is very useful in many computer vision tasks while it still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel bottom-up model for visual saliency detection. The proposed model is based on both unsupervised learning approach and frequency domain analysis. Firstly, we incorporate the influence of center bias into our model, which is a common phenomenon that directs visual attention to the center of images in natural scenes. Hence, we introduce an unsupervised neural network that aims to measure the saliency center bias by exploring both color and texture low level cues. Secondly, the proposed model integrates Log-Gabor wavelets for visual saliency detection. This choice is justified by the fact that i) human visual system behavior detection of salient objects in a visual scene can be well modeled by band-pass filtering, ii) compared with the traditional model of receptive field, the Log-Gabor wavelets can better simulate the biological characteristics of the simple cortical cell in the receptive filed. Quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluation on MSRA-1000 public image dataset depicts the promising results from the proposed model by outperforming the relevant state of the art saliency detection models.
Food insecurity among adults residing in disadvantaged urban areas: potential health and dietary consequences

Abstract Objective Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability or access to nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate and safe foods. Food insecurity may result in inadequate dietary intakes, overweight or obesity and the development of chronic disease. Internationally, few studies have focused on the range of potential health outcomes related to food insecurity among adults residing in disadvantaged locations and no such Australian studies exist. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between food insecurity, sociodemographic and health factors and dietary intakes among adults residing in disadvantaged urban areas. Design Data were collected by mail survey (n 505, 53 % response rate), which ascertained information about food security status, demographic characteristics (such as age, gender, household income, education) fruit and vegetable intakes, takeaway and meat consumption, general health, depression and chronic disease. Setting Disadvantaged suburbs of Brisbane city, Australia, 2009. Subjects Individuals aged ≥ 20 years. Results Approximately one in four households (25 %) was food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with lower household income, poorer general health, increased health-care utilisation and depression. These associations remained after adjustment for age, gender and household income. Conclusions Food insecurity is prevalent in urbanised disadvantaged areas in developed countries such as Australia. Low-income households are at high risk of experiencing food insecurity. Food insecurity may result in significant health burdens among the population, and this may be concentrated in socio-economically disadvantaged suburbs.
Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes

A systematic review of the literature on the effects of water and sanitation in schools was performed. The goal was to characterize the impacts of water and sanitation inadequacies in the academic environment. Published peer reviewed literature was screened and articles that documented the provision of water and sanitation at schools were considered. Forty-one peer-reviewed papers met the criteria of exploring the effects of the availability of water and/or sanitation facilities in educational establishments. Chosen studies were divided into six fields based on their specific foci: water for drinking, water for handwashing, water for drinking and handwashing, water for sanitation, sanitation for menstruation and combined water and sanitation. The studies provide evidence for an increase in water intake with increased provision of water and increased access to water facilities. Articles also report an increase in absenteeism from schools in developing countries during menses due to inadequate sanitation facilities. Lastly, there is a reported decrease in diarrheal and gastrointestinal diseases with increased access to adequate sanitation facilities in schools. Ensuring ready access to safe drinking water, and hygienic toilets that offer privacy to users has great potential to beneficially impact children’s health. Additional studies that examine the relationship between sanitation provisions in schools are needed to more adequately characterize the impact of water and sanitation on educational achievements.
Effect of lifestyle intervention on dietary habits, physical activity, and gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are major short- and long-term risk factors for maternal and fetal complications. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study whether a lifestyle intervention based on a brochure or on active education can improve dietary habits, increase physical activity (PA), and reduce GWG in obese pregnant women. DESIGN In this randomized controlled trial, 195 white, obese pregnant women [age: 29 + or - 4 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)); 33.6 + or - 4.2] were randomly assigned into 3 groups: a group that received nutritional advice from a brochure, a group that received the brochure and lifestyle education by a nutritionist, and a control group. Nutritional habits were evaluated every trimester through 7-d food records. PA was evaluated with the Baecke questionnaire. RESULTS Energy intake did not change during pregnancy and was comparable in all groups. Fat intake, specifically saturated fat intake, decreased and protein intake increased from the first to the third trimester in the passive and active groups compared with an opposite change in the control group. Calcium intake and vegetable consumption increased during pregnancy in all groups. PA decreased in all groups, especially in the third trimester. No significant differences in GWG and obstetrical or neonatal outcome could be observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Both lifestyle interventions improved the nutritional habits of obese women during pregnancy. Neither PA nor GWG was affected.
Estimation of Behavior Parameters Based on Recursive Utility in Asset Pricing Theory

In asset pricing theory, recursive utility function contains three behavior parameters: subjective discount factor, coefficient of relative risk aversion and intertemporal elasticity of substitution. In common parlance, recursive utility permits the disentangling of the two psychologically separate concepts of risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution, which for the traditional time-additive utility functions are constrained to be equal to the inverse of each other. This paper estimates the three behavior parameters of investors in Shanghai stock market and Shenzhen stock market respectively through the general method of moment (GMM). The results show that the signs of the coefficient of relative risk aversion and of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution are different, which means that investors have different attitudes to the risk across states of nature and the risk over time in China
Alterations in leukocyte telomere length in workers occupationally exposed to benzene

Exposure to benzene, a known leukemogen and probable lymphomagen, has been demonstrated to result in oxidative stress, which has previously been associated with altered telomere length (TL). TL specifically has been associated with several health outcomes in epidemiologic studies, including cancer risk, and has been demonstrated to be altered following exposure to a variety of chemical agents. To evaluate the association between benzene exposure and TL, we measured TL by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR in 43 workers exposed to high levels of benzene and 43 age and sex‐matched unexposed workers in Shanghai, China. Benzene exposure levels were monitored using organic vapor passive dosimetry badges before phlebotomy. The median benzene exposure level in exposed workers was 31 ppm. The mean TL in controls, workers exposed to levels of benzene below the median (≤31 ppm), and above the median (>31 ppm) was 1.26 ± 0.17, 1.25 ± 0.16, and 1.37 ± 0.23, respectively. Mean TL was significantly elevated in workers exposed to >31 ppm of benzene compared with controls (P = 0.03). Our findings provide evidence that high levels of occupational benzene exposure are associated with TL. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:673–678, 2014. Published [2014]. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Correction of single-breath helium lung volumes in patients with airflow obstruction.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine whether alveolar volume (V(A)) measured during the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO) can be used as a substitute measure for the multiple-breath total lung capacity (TLC) in subjects with and without airways obstruction. DESIGN Retrospective review of pulmonary function test (PFT) results. SETTING Pulmonary function laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and the Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center (HAAC). PARTICIPANTS Patients referred for spirometry, helium lung volumes, and Dco during a single visit between November 1993 and November 1996. RESULTS JHAAC patients (n=2,477) were used to assess the relationship between V(A) and TLC. In patients with an FEV1/FVC > or = 0.70, there was good agreement between V(A) and TLC (V(A)/TLC=0.97 to 0.99). However, in patients with an FEV1/FVC <0.70, V(A) systematically underestimated TLC (V(A)/TLC=0.67 to 0.94). The degree of underestimation was related to the severity of airflow obstruction. To predict TLC using V(A) a regression equation was used to "correct" V(A) for the severity of obstruction. This equation was used to predict the multiple-breath TLC for JHH patients (n=2,892). Patients with an FEV1/FVC > or = 0.70 showed a high degree of correlation between V(A) and TLC (Pearson's correlation coefficient [r]=0.96 to 0.99; p<0.05). After adjusting for the severity of airflow obstruction, patients with an FEV1/FVC in the range of 0.40 to 0.70 also had a strong correlation between the corrected V(A) and the multiple-breath TLC (r=0.83 to 0.94; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS V(A) accurately predicts TLC in patients with mild or no airflow obstruction. For patients with moderate to severe obstruction, correcting V(A) for the severity of obstruction improves the accuracy of this relatively simple and rapid technique for measuring TLC.