Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of parametric statistical weights in CAD imaging systems

PURPOSE: To propose a method for Parametric Statistical Weights (PSW) estimations and analyze its statistical impact in Computer-Aided Diagnosis Imaging Systems based on a Relative Similarity (CADIRS) classification approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Multifactor statistical method was developed and applied for Parametric Statistical Weights calculations in CADIRS. The implemented PSW method was used for statistical estimations of PSW impact when applied to a clinically validated breast ultrasound digital database of 332 patients' cases with biopsy proven findings. The method is based on the assumption that each parameter used in Relative Similarity (RS) classifier contributes to the deviation of the diagnostic prediction proportionally to the normalized value of its coefficient of multiple regression. The calculated by CADIRS Relative Similarity values with and without PSW were statistically estimated, compared and analyzed (on subset of cases) using classic Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis methods. RESULTS: When CADIRS classification scheme was augmented with PSW the Relative Similarity the calculated values were 2-5% higher in average. Numeric estimations of PSW allowed decomposition of statistical significance for each component (factor) and its impact on similarity to the diagnostic results (biopsy proven). CONCLUSION: Parametric Statistical Weights in Computer-Aided Diagnosis Imaging Systems based on a Relative Similarity classification approach can be successfully applied in an effort to enhance overall classification (including scoring) outcomes. For the analyzed cohort of 332 cases the application of PSW increased Relative Similarity to the retrieved templates with known findings by 2-5% in average.
How are you doing? : emotions and personality in Facebook

User generated content on social media sites is a rich source of information about latent variables of their users. Proper mining of this content provides a shortcut to emotion and personality detection of users without filling out questionnaires. This in turn increases the application potential of personalized services that rely on the knowledge of such latent variables. In this paper we contribute to this emerging domain by studying the relation between emotions expressed in approximately 1 million Facebook (FB) status updates and the users' age, gender and personality. Additionally, we investigate the relations between emotion expression and the time when the status updates were posted. In particular, we find that female users are more emotional in their status posts than male users. In addition, we find a relation between age and sharing of emotions. Older FB users share their feelings more often than young users. In terms of seasons, people post about emotions less frequently in summer. On the other hand, December is a time when people are more likely to share their positive feelings with their friends. We also examine the relation between users' personality and their posts. We find that users who have an open personality express their emotions more frequently, while neurotic users are more reserved to share their feelings.
Computational Modeling of (un)Cooperation: The Role of Emotions

The philosopher H. P. Grice was the first to highlight the extent to which our ability to communicate effectively depends on speakers acting cooperatively. This tendency to cooperation in language use, recognized since Grice’s William James lectures, has been a key tenet of subsequent theorizing in pragmatics. Yet it’s also clear that there are limits to the extent to which people cooperate: theoretical and empirical studies of the Prisoner’s Dilemma have shown that people prefer to cooperate if the other party cooperates, but not otherwise. This would suggest that in language use, as well, the level of cooperation depends on the other person’s cooperativeness. So far, however, it has proven remarkably difficult to test such prediction, because it is difficult to analyze cooperation and communicative style objectively, and the schemes proposed so far for, e.g., non-verbal cues to cooperation tend to have low reliability. In this study the existence of a negative correlation between emotions and linguistic cooperation is demonstrated for the first time, thanks to newly developed methods for analyzing cooperation and facial expressions. The heart rate and facial expressions of the participants in a cooperative task were recorded after uses of cooperative and uncooperative language; facial expressions and the level of linguistic cooperation in each utterance were classified with high reliability. As predicted, very high negative correlations were observed between heart rate and cooperation, and the facial expressions were found to be highly predictive of her level of cooperation. Our results shed light on a crucial aspect of communication, and our methods may be usable to research in other aspects of human interaction as well.
Lipid-based supramolecular systems for topical application: A preformulatory study

This article describes the production and characterization of monoglyceride-based supramolecular systems by a simple processing technique, avoiding time-consuming procedures, high energy input, and the use of organic solvents. A preformulatory study was performed to study the influence of the experimental parameters on the production of monoglyceride-based disperse systems. In particular the effects of (1) stirring speed, (2) type and concentration of monoglyceride mixture, and (3) type and concentration of surfactant were investigated on the recovery, fraction of larger particles, mean diameter, and shape of smaller particles (so called nanosomes). Dispersions were first characterized by optical microscopy and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The mean diameter of standard nanosomes, analyzed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) after elimination of larger particles by filtration, was 193.5 nm. Cryotransmission electron microscopy studies, conducted in order to investigate the structure of dispersions, showed the coexistence of vesicles and particles characterized by a cubic organization. X-ray diffraction data revealed the coexistence of 2 different cubic phases, the first being a bicontinuous cubic phase of spatial symmetry Im3m (Q229) and the second belonging to the Pn3m spatial symmetry. A study on the stability of monoglyceride-based dispersions based on macroscopical analysis of organoleptic properties and dimensional analysis by time was performed after elimination of larger particles by filtration. Organoleptic and morphological features do not change by time, appearing free from phase-separation phenomena for almost 1 year from production. PCS studies showed that nanosomes undergo an initial increase in mean diameter within the first month following production; afterwards they generally maintain their dimensions for the next 4 months.
The Lifecycle and Cascade of Social Messaging Groups

Social instant messaging services are emerging as a transformative form with which people connect, communicate with friends in their daily life — they catalyze the formation of social groups, and they bring people stronger sense of community and connection. However, research community still knows little about the formation and evolution of groups in the context of social messaging — their life-cycles, the change in their underlying structures over time, and the diffusion processes by which they develop new members. In this paper, we analyze the daily usage logs from WeChat group messaging platform — the largest standalone messaging communication service in China — with the goal of understanding the processes by which social messaging groups come together, grow new members, and evolve over time. Speciﬁcally, we discover a strong dichotomy among groups in terms of their lifecycle, and develop a separability model by taking into account a broad range of group-level features, showing that long-term and short-term groups are inherently distinct. We also found that the lifecycle of messaging groups is largely dependent on their social roles and functions in users’ daily social experiences and speciﬁc purposes. Given the strong separability between the long-term and short-term groups, we further address the problem concerning the early prediction of successful communities. In addition to modeling the growth and evolution from group-level perspective, we investigate the individual-level attributes of group members and study the diffusion process by which groups gain new members. By considering members’ historical engagement behavior as well as the local social network structure that they embedded in, we develop a membership cascade model and demonstrate the effectiveness by achieving AUC of 95.31% in predicting inviter, and an AUC of 98.66% in predicting invitee.
Mobile Augmented Reality: Applications and Human Factors Evaluations

Abstract : Recent trends in military operations (quick-reaction forces, putting fewer warfighters at risk, and increasing the use of unmanned vehicles) have increased the difficulty in acquiring and maintaining situation awareness (SA). Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to meet some of these new challenges. AR systems integrate computer-generated graphics (or annotations) with the user's view of the real world. These annotations can be cues to establish and maintain SA, or they can provide virtual opposing forces (OPFOR) for training scenarios. However, the design of the user interface of a mobile AR system presents a unique set of technical challenges. The interface must be capable of automatically deciding what annotations need to be shown. Furthermore, it must select the characteristics of those annotations (including appearance, size, and drawing style) to ensure the display is intuitive and unambiguous. In the training applications, the virtual OPFOR must appear and behave realistically. We discuss the development of our augmented reality system and the human factors testing we have performed. We apply the system to two military needs: situation awareness during operations and training.
Efficient Power-Analysis-Resistant Dual-Field Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Processor Using Heterogeneous Dual-Processing-Element Architecture

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for portable applications is in high demand to ensure secure information exchange over wireless channels. Because of the high computational complexity of ECC functions, dedicated hardware architecture is essential to provide sufficient ECC performance. Besides, crypto-ICs are vulnerable to side-channel information leakage because the private key can be revealed via power-analysis attacks. In this paper, a new heterogeneous dual-processing-element (dual-PE) architecture and a priority-oriented scheduling of right-to-left double-and-add-always EC scalar multiplication (ECSM) with randomized processing technique are proposed to achieve a power-analysis-resistant dual-field ECC (DF-ECC) processor. For this dual-PE design, a memory hierarchy with local memory synchronization scheme is also exploited to improve data bandwidth. Fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS technology, a 0.4- mm2 160-b DF-ECC chip can achieve 0.34/0.29 ms 11.7/9.3 μJ for one GF(p)/GF(2m) ECSM. Compared to other related works, our approach is advantageous not only in hardware efficiency but also in protection against power-analysis attacks.
Regulación emocional interpersonal de las emociones de ira y tristeza

En este trabajo se revisa la regulacion emocional, con especial atencion a la regulacion de las emociones del otro (regulacion interpersonal). Se proponen dos escalas para valorar tanto la regulacion intrapersonal como la interpersonal (CIRE) que integra los modelos mas recientes en la investigacion de la regulacion emocional. 115 estudiantes universitarios narraron episodios de tristeza y enojo e indicaron para cada estrategia, si la habian usado para regular su propia experiencia emocional y/o la de la otra persona. Los resultados mostraron que un mayor uso de formas de regulacion de aproximacion en la emocion de ira y un mayor uso de formas de evitacion y reelaboracion en la tristeza. Se informa de mas autorregulacion que de regulacion interpersonal. En la mayoria de los casos, si una estrategia se usa ante una emocion, tambien se emplea en otra, y si se usa tanto en la regulacion intra como interpersonal. Finalmente, se encontro una asociacion entre el uso de estrategias adaptativas e indicadores de inteligencia emocional y baja alexitimia.
Abnormal renal structural alterations during the development of diabetes mellitus in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the renal structural properties in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Flow-pressure and pressure-glomerular filtration rate (GFR) relationships were determined for maximally vasodilated kidneys at 10 (pre-diabetic stage) and 42 weeks of age (diabetic stage) in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF), an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, using age-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats (LETO) as non-diabetic controls (n = 9 of each age for each strain). Kidneys were then perfusion-fixed for histological analysis. RESULTS At 10 weeks of age, the slope of flow-pressure relationship (minimal renal vascular resistance, reflecting overall luminal dimensions of preglomerular and postglomerular vasculature) was steeper in OLETF than in LETO. In contrast, the threshold pressure for beginning filtration (preglomerular-to-postglomerular vascular resistance ratio) at pressure-GFR relationship did not differ between the two strains; however, the slope of the relationship (glomerular filtration capacity) was lower in OLETF than in LETO. Thus, in the kidneys of 10-week-old OLETF rats, vascular narrowing and impaired glomerular filtration capacity already existed with no abnormalities in preglomerular-to-postglomerular vascular resistance ratio. From the age of 10-42 weeks, the following results were obtained: (1) Minimal renal vascular resistance decreased in both strains, but it diminished markedly in OLETF. (2) The pressure for beginning filtration increased in LETO, but remained unchanged in OLETF. (3) Glomerular filtration capacity decreased to the similar extent in both strains. (4) Histologically, the vascular lumen and wall thickness increased in the interlobular arteries of both strains. However, vascular luminal widening was more pronounced in OLETF, resulting in the reduction in wall to lumen ratio. (5) Glomerular injuries and increased blood pressure occurred only in OLETF. CONCLUSION In conclusion, during progression from the prediabetic to diabetic stage of OLETF, the pre-existing vascular narrowing was markedly attenuated without the concomitant increase in preglomerular-to-postglomerular vascular resistance ratio. Combined with increased blood pressure, these renal structural alterations could lead to the elevation of intraglomerular pressure in OLETF.
A circuit theory of protein structure

Protein secondary and tertiary structure is modeled as a linear passive analog lumped electrical circuit. Modeling is based on the structural similarity between helix, sheet, turn/loop, and helix pair in proteins and inductor, capacitor, resistor, and transformer in electrical circuits; it includes methods from circuit analysis and synthesis. A ‘protein circuit’ is a one-port with a restrictive circuit topology (for example, the circuit for a secondary structure cannot be a Foster II ladder or a Wheatstone-like bridge). It has a rational positive real impedance function whose pole-zero distribution serves as a compact descriptor of secondary and tertiary structure, which is reminiscent of the Ramachandran plot. Standard circuit analysis methods such as node/loop equations and pole-zero maps may be used to study differences at the secondary and tertiary levels within and across proteins. Pairs of interacting proteins can be modeled as two-ports and studied via transfer functions. Similarly circuit synthesis methods can be used to construct ‘protein circuits’ whose real counterparts may or may not exist. An analysis example shows how a ‘protein circuit’ is constructed for thioredoxin and its pole-zero map obtained. A synthesis example shows how an electrical circuit with a single Brune section is obtained from a specified set of poles and zeros and then mapped to an artificial protein with a helix pair (corresponding to the transformer in the Brune section). Possible applications to folding, drug design, and visualization are indicated.
Accelerated DP based search for statistical translation

In this paper, we describe a fast search algorithm for statistical translation based on dynamic programming (DP) and present experimental results. The approach is based on the assumption that the word alignment is monotone with respect to the word order in both languages. To reduce the search e(cid:11)ort for this approach, we introduce two methods: an acceleration technique to e(cid:14)ciently compute the dynamic programming recursion equation and a beam search strategy as used in speech recognition. The experimental tests carried out on the Verbmobil corpus showed that the search space, measured by the number of translation hypotheses, is reduced by a factor of about 230 without a(cid:11)ecting the translation performance.
Comprehension, Apprehension, Prehension: Heterogeneity and the Public Understanding of Science

This article examines the main approaches to public understanding of science (PUS) in light of recent developments in social and cultural theory. While traditional and critical perspectives on PUS differ in terms of their models of the public, science, and understanding, they nevertheless share a number of commonalities, which are humanism (an emphasis on the pure person), incorporeality (a neglect of embodiment), and discrete sites (science and the public are presupposed as separate entities). These are contrasted, respectively, to versions of the person as hybridic, to treatments of embodiment drawing especially on Whitehead’s notion of prehension, and to a rhizomic view of science and public as interwoven. Throughout, it is stressed that the alternatives posed do not constitute an accusation of deficit on the part of traditional and critical PUS. Some research and political implications of interweaving these three perspectives are presented.
Monitoring of aircraft operation using statistics and machine learning

This paper describes the use of statistics and machine learning techniques to monitor the performance of commercial aircraft operation. The purpose of this research is to develop methods that can be used to generate reliable and timely alerts so that engineers and fleet specialists become aware of abnormal situations in a large fleet of commercial aircraft that they manage. We introduce three approaches that we have used for monitoring engines and generating alerts. We also explain how additional information can be generated from machine learning experiments so that the parameters influencing the particular abnormal situation and their ranges are also identified and reported. Various benefits of fleet monitoring are explained in the paper.
Evaluation and Optimization of Kernel File Readaheads Based on Markov Decision Models

Readahead is an important technique to deal with the huge gap between disk drives and applications. It has become a standard in modern operating systems and advanced storage systems. However, it is difficult to develop the common kernel readahead and to achieve full testing coverage of all cases. In this paper, we formulate the kernel read handling, caching and readahead behavior as an absorbing Markov decision process, and present performance evaluations to compare or verify various readaheads. We also introduce algorithms to find optimal prefetching policies for specific read pattern and present the convergence analysis. By exploiting sample-path-based methods, it becomes much easier to evaluate and optimize prefetching policies, which can provide valuable informations to help the design and improvement of practical readaheads. For illustration and verification, we present two examples and some experiments on the readaheads in Linux kernel. The results show that the model-based evaluations agree with the practice and the improved prefetching policy significantly outperforms the original one in Linux kernel for the specified workloads.
SemEval-2010 Task 2: Cross-Lingual Lexical Substitution

In this paper we describe the SemEval-2010 Cross-Lingual Lexical Substitution task, which is based on the English Lexical Substitution task run at SemEval-2007. In the English version of the task, annotators and systems had to find an alternative substitute word or phrase for a target word in context. In this paper we propose a task where the target word and contexts will be in English, but the substitutes will be in Spanish. In this paper we provide background and motivation for the task and describe how the dataset will differ from a machine translation task and previous word sense disambiguation tasks based on parallel data. We describe the annotation process and how we anticipate scoring the system output. We finish with some ideas for participating systems.
Crisis, Contagion and International Policy Spillovers Under Foreign Ownership of Banks

This paper checks how international spillovers of shocks and policies are modified when banks are foreign owned. To this end we build a twocountry macroeconomic model with banking sectors that are owned by residents of one (big and foreign) country. Consistently with empirical findings, we find that foreign ownership of banks amplifies spillovers from foreign shocks. It also strenghtens the international transmission of monetary and macroprudential policies. We next replicate the financial crisis in the euro area and show how, by preventing bank capital outflow in 2009, the Polish regulatory authorities managed to reduce its contagion to Poland. We also show that under foreign bank ownership such policy is strongly prefered to a recapitalization of domestic banks.
Sneak-path based test and diagnosis for 1R RRAM crossbar using voltage bias technique

Metal-oxide resistive random access memories with a single memristor device at the crosspoint (1R RRAM) is a promising alternative to next generation storage technology due to their high density, scalability, non-volatility and low power consumption. However, the imperfect fabrication process introduces high defect rates of the nanoscale memristor devices and leads to yield degradation. In addition, sneak-paths occur in 1R RRAM crossbar that can jeaperdize the normal read/write operation. Previous work proposes voltage bias technique to eliminate the sneak-paths. Instead, in the paper, we leverage voltage bias to manipulate various distribution of sneak-paths that can screen one or multiple faults out of a 4 × 4 region of memristors at once, and consequently diagnose the exact location of each faulty memristor within three write-read operations. The SPICE simulation results highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed test method.