Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instrument-based calibration and remote control of intraoperative ultrasound for robot-assisted surgery

Intraoperative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has the potential to improve the outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP), a common treatment for prostate cancer. Intraoperative TRUS is currently difficult to implement in RALRP because a dedicated assistant with access to the patient is required. Previously described robotic TRUS probe manipulators overcome this limitation but require the surgeon to frequently interrupt their operation to reposition the TRUS probe under remote control. A new method for automatically tracking existing da Vinci surgical instruments with a TRUS imaging plane is presented, based on a rigid registration of the kinematic frames of the da Vinci system and the robotic TRUS probe manipulator. This registration is accomplished by identifying fiducial points on a tissue surface using the tip of a da Vinci manipulator, and does not require any external tracking system. Phantom validation shows an average registration error of 0.95 ± 0.38 mm based on manually locating the manipulator tips in TRUS images. This corresponds to an average tracking error of approximately 1 degree when rotating a parasagittal TRUS imaging plane to track a da Vinci manipulator.
PENGARUH ASAM ASKORBAT DARI EKSTRAK NANAS TERHADAP KOAGULASI LATEKS (STUDI PENGARUH VOLUME DAN WAKTU PENCAMPURAN)

Lateks adalah cairan berwarna putih menyerupai susu yang keluar dari tanaman yang dilukai yang berasal dari tanaman Hevea brasiliensi. Lateks Hevea brasiliensi dapat diolah menjadi karet karena memiliki sifat yang baik yang memiliki kandungan partikel karet berupa hidrokarbon poli isopropena yang merupakan komponen utama karet. Pada penelitian ini koagulasi lateks menggunakan ekstrak nanas. Variabel yang digunakan adalah jenis koagulan, volume ekstrak nanas, dan waktu. Bahan baku yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lateks dengan koagulan ekstrak nanas. Kondisi optimal berat karet yang didapatkan adalah pada saat volume ekstrak nanas berkulit 20 ml dengan volume lateks 20 ml yaitu sebesar 26,2284 gram. Waktu menggumpal terbaik yaitu selama 97 detik.
Equivalence of Frequency-Domain Turbo Equalization Schemes for Single-Carrier Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Systems

This paper investigates two typical frequency-domain turbo equalization (FDTE) schemes, i.e., frequency-domain equalization (FDE) with parallel interference cancelation (FDE-PIC) and FDE with frequency-domain decision feedback (FDE-FDDF) in single-carrier (SC) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems. These two FDTE schemes are proven to be equivalent under the condition that we derived. We discover that the covariance matrix of the low-complexity FDE-PIC scheme and the correlation matrix of the FDE-FDDF scheme satisfy a unique relationship for constant-modulus modulations, and the original FDE-FDDF scheme suffers numerical instability for non-constant-modulus modulations because the estimation of the correlation matrices leads to the inversion of ill-conditioned matrices. By proposing a new estimation method of the correlation matrices, we guarantee that the non-constant-modulus FDE-FDDF scheme is numerically stable and that the relationship between these two FDTE schemes holds for both constant-modulus and non-constant-modulus modulations. Furthermore, we prove that the FDE-PIC and FDE-FDDF schemes are equivalent under this relationship. The equivalence of these two FDTE schemes is also verified through numerical simulations in terms of bit error rate (BER) at each turbo iteration and the estimation of the correlation matrices.
The Effect of Left Ventricular Assist Device (Lvad) on Cardiac Reserve in Dogs

The effect of LVAD on the preservation of cardiac reserve against ischemic damage was studied using Sarnoff's ventricular function curve. An LVAD was implanted between the canine left atrium and the aorta. Left ventricular function was measured by changing the height of the reservoir connected to the left atrium. The left ventricular function curve (LVFC) was drawn by plotting left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) against left atrial pressure (LAP). The coronary artery was occluded under a pump-on (ON group) or pump-off (OFF group). After reperfusion, measurements were repeated and changes in the LVFC caused by ischemia were compared in both groups. The gradient of the LVFC was significantly reduced by ischemia (107± 15ml/beat 80± 14, n= 13) but not in the ON group. LVSW under normal preload did not significantly change in either group. This suggests that the LVAD preserved cardiac reserve against ischemic damage.
Bronchial thermoplasty.

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Explaining Social Exclusion: Towards Social Inclusion for Indigenous Australians

Current policy often focuses on 'Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage' by simultaneously addressing multiple deficits that many Indigenous people experience relative to other Australians. International literature often frames such issues in terms of the contested concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. This paper attempts to analyse what Indigenous social inclusion might look like in a plural society such as Australia. In addition to contextualising Australian policy in broader debates, this paper also briefly introduces several relevant theories of justice, diversity and Indigenous rights to provide a theoretical framework for conceptualising social inclusion. The article concludes with some reflections on some practical suggestions to move the debate forward. In principle, enhancing Indigenous social and political participation in policy design should both increase inclusion and reduce disadvantage by enhancing the effectiveness of programs that have a substantial Indigenous client base.
Why Do Nurses Intend to Leave Their Organization? A Large Scale Analysis in Long Term Care

AIM To analyse the impact of six job characteristics on the intention of nurses to leave their organization, specifically focusing on long-term care settings: nursing homes, care homes and home care. BACKGROUND When nurses leave their organization, this can negatively affect organizational performance. Organizations have to recruit new nurses and tacit knowledge is lost. Furthermore, organizational turnover could contribute to the nursing shortage, which will increasingly become a problem given the ageing population. This article adds to the literature, given: (a) its focus on long-term care; and (b) by explicating the differences between nursing and care homes (intramural) on one hand and home care (extramural) on the other. DESIGN Survey. METHOD Survey of 9982 nurses in 156 Dutch organizations in 2010-2011, 6321 nurses in nursing and care homes and 3661 nurses working in home care, based on the ActiZ Benchmark in Healthcare. RESULTS First, the most important reason for nurses' intention to leave is insufficient development and career opportunities. Secondly, a negative working atmosphere strongly influenced intention to leave. The impact of the working atmosphere is not often examined in the literature. However, this research shows that it is an important reason. Thirdly, intention to leave is partly context dependent. More specifically, when nurses in home care felt that their autonomy was reduced, this strongly influenced their intention to leave, although this was not the case for nurses working in nursing and care homes. CONCLUSION This article provides guidelines for organizations on how to retain their nurses.
Embedded cartesian genetic programming and the lawnmower and hierarchical-if-and-only-if problems

Embedded Cartesian Genetic Programming (ECGP) is an extension of the directed graph based Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP), which is capable of automatically acquiring, evolving and re-using partial solutions in the form of modules. In this paper, we apply for the first time, CGP and ECGP to the well known Lawnmower problem and to the Hierarchical-if-and-Only-if problem. The latter is normally associated with Genetic Algorithms. Computational effort figures are calculated from the results of both CGP and ECGP and our results compare favourably with other techniques.
Portable Compilation of Vector Expressions for Architectureswith Memory

The paper presents a scheme of code generation for vector expressions implemented in the CC] compiler (CC] is a vector ANSI C superset aimed at vector and superscalar architectures). The scheme is based on two well-known optimization techniques { loop invariant code motion and iteration space tiling. The problem of nding the optimal tile size for the imperfectly nested loop system implementing a vector expression is addressed. Some experimental results demonstrating eeciency of the code generation scheme are also presented.
The evolving construction and conceptualisation of ‘disability’ in Bhutan

This study – a year-long ethnographic exploration of disability and education in Bhutan – finds that two dominant discourses around ‘disability’ are entering Bhutan simultaneously: the discourse of the medical model of disability and the discourse of the social or human rights model of disability. In this paper, I argue that these two discourses are especially exposed in the Bhutanese context to be opposing forces in shaping local conceptualisation and construction of ‘disability’. By examining the Bhutan case, it can be seen that these kinds of disparate and contentious exogenous constructions of ‘disability’ occur everywhere in the world and negotiate with local constructions of ‘disability’ uneasily. Understanding the interactions of disability discourses in the Bhutanese context can help to understand the interactions of disability discourses writ large.
A matrix-algebraic approach to linear parallel interference cancellation in CDMA

Linear parallel interference cancellation (PIC) schemes are described and analyzed using matrix algebra. It is shown that the linear PIC, whether conventional or weighted, can be seen as a linear matrix filter applied directly to the chip-matched filtered received signal vector. An expression for the exact bit-error rate (BER) is obtained, and conditions on the eigenvalues of the code correlation matrix and the weighting factors to ensure convergence are derived. The close relationship between the linear multistage PIC and the steepest descent method (SDM) for minimizing the mean squared error (MSE) is demonstrated. A modified weighted PIC structure that resembles the SDM is suggested which approaches the minimum MSE (MMSE) detector rather than the decorrelator. It is shown that for a K-user system, only K PIC stages are required for the equivalent matrix filter to be identical to the the MMSE filter. For fewer stages, techniques are devised for optimizing the choice of weights with respect to the MSE. One unique optimal choice of weights is found, which will lead to the minimum achievable MSE at the final stage. Simulation results show that a few stages are sufficient for near-MMSE performance.
Better Working Memory and Motor Inhibition in Children Who Delayed Gratification

Background: Despite the extensive research on delayed gratification over the past few decades, the neurocognitive processes that subserve delayed gratification remains unclear. As an exploratory step in studying these processes, the present study aims to describe the executive function profiles of children who were successful at delaying gratification and those who were not. Methods: A total of 138 kindergarten students (65 males, 73 females; Mage = 44 months, SD = 3.5; age range = 37–53 months) were administered a delayed gratification task, a 1-back test, a Day/night Stroop test and a Go/no-go test. The outcome measures of these tests were then analyzed between groups using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and subsequently a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance incorporating age as a covariate. Results: Children who were successful in delaying gratification were significantly older and had significantly better outcomes in the 1-back test and go/no-go test. With the exception of the number of hits in the go/no-go test, all other group differences remained significant after controlling for age. Conclusion: Children who were successful in delaying gratification showed better working memory and motor inhibition relative to those who failed the delayed gratification task. The implications of these findings are discussed.
EEG features extraction using neuro-fuzzy systems and shift-invariant wavelet transforms for epileptic seizures diagnosing

Electro-encephalogram spikes classification and latency computing is one of the important tools in epilepsy diagnosing. However, overlapped spikes cause complexity in problem solving. We use neuro-fuzzy systems and shift-invariant wavelet transforms to solve this problem. It has been shown that our suggested procedures have high-resolution and are able to classify and perform latency computing of overlapped spikes.
Spectral–Spatial Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification: A Dimension Reduction and Deep Learning Approach

In this paper, we propose a spectral-spatial feature based classification (SSFC) framework that jointly uses dimension reduction and deep learning techniques for spectral and spatial feature extraction, respectively. In this framework, a balanced local discriminant embedding algorithm is proposed for spectral feature extraction from high-dimensional hyperspectral data sets. In the meantime, convolutional neural network is utilized to automatically find spatial-related features at high levels. Then, the fusion feature is extracted by stacking spectral and spatial features together. Finally, the multiple-feature-based classifier is trained for image classification. Experimental results on well-known hyperspectral data sets show that the proposed SSFC method outperforms other commonly used methods for hyperspectral image classification.
Inactivation of LKB 1 / STK 11 Is a Common Event in Adenocarcinomas of the Lung 1

Frequent losses of chromosome 19p have recently been observed in sporadic lung adenocarcinomas, targeting the location of a critical tumor suppressor gene. Here we performed fine mapping of the short arm of chromosome 19 and found that the LKB1/STK11 gene mapped in the minimal-deleted region. Because germ-line mutations at LKB1/STK11 result in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and an increased risk of cancer, we performed a detailed genetic screen of the LKB1/STK11 gene in lung tumors. We detected a high frequency of somatic alterations (mainly nonsense mutations) in primary lung adenocarcinomas and in lung cancer cell lines. Thus, our findings demonstrate for the first time that LKB1/ STK11 inactivation is a very common event and may be integrally involved in the development of sporadic lung adenocarcinoma.
Structure-Based Design of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A computer model of reverse transcriptase (RT) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was used to design thiourea compounds that were predicted to inhibit RT. The RT model was used to approximate how changes in binding pocket shape, volume and chemical properties resulting from residue mutations would affect inhibitor binding. Our lead compound, N-[2-(2,5-dime-thoxyphenylethyl)]-N′-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea (HI-236) was tested against clinically observed non-nucleoside inhibitor (NNI)-resistant mutated strains of HIV. HI-236 was more potent than trovirdine, MKC-442 and zidovudine against the drug-sensitive HIV-1 strain IIIB, 50–100 times more effective than delavirdine or nevirapine and twice as effective as our recently reported lead compound N-[2-(2-fluorophenethyl)]-N′-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea (HI-240) against the NNI-resistant Y181C mutant HIV-1 strain A17. HI-236 was highly effective against the multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strain RT-MDR containing multiple mutations involving the RT residues 74V, 41L, 106A and 215Y. In general, thiourea compounds such as HI-236 and HI-240 showed better inhibition of drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 than thioalkylbenzyl-pyrimidine compounds such as HI-280 and HI-281. The improved activity of thioureas against RT mutants is consistent with a structural analysis of the NNI binding pocket model of RT. The activity of HI-236 against RT-MDR was superior to that of other anti-HIV agents tested, in the following order, from high to low activity; HI-236 (IC50 5 nM), HI-240 (IC50 6 nM), trovirdine (IC50 20 nM), zidovudine (IC50 150 nM), MKC-442 (IC50 300 nM), delavirdine (IC50 400 nM) and nevirapine (IC50 5 µM).
Image annotation using multi-correlation probabilistic matrix factorization

The image-word correlation estimation is an essential issue in image annotation. In this paper, we propose a multi-correlation probabilistic matrix factorization (MPMF) algorithm for the correlation estimation. Different from the traditional solutions which treat the image-word correlation, image similarity and word relation independently or sequentially, in the proposed MPMF, these three elements are integrated together simultaneously and seamlessly. Specifically, we have derived two low-dimensional sets by conducting a joint factorization upon the word-to-image relation matrix, the image similarity matrix, and the word relation matrix to derive two low-dimensional sets of latent word factors and latent image factors. Finally, the annotation words of each untagged or noisily tagged image can be predicted by reconstructing the image-word correlations with the both derived latent factors. Experimental results on the Corel dataset and a Flickr image dataset show the superior performance of our proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-arts.
User prototypes as partly unconscious communication: Understanding young diabetics’ visions for mobile diabetes technology

: In this paper, we introduce user prototypes as a technique that supports users’ articulation of emotions relevant for design: dreams, fears, motivations – their feelings and aspirations. Following Bateson’s writings about communication through art, we consider user prototypes as “partly unconscious communication” and propose to analyze them by focusing on the emotional articulations integrated in the users’ design language. We illustrate this with an example from a design research project on designing learning technology for young diabetics. The example shows how young people with diabetes can express emotional themes related to youth identity, the burden of being young with a chronic illness, and the need to be connected and feel safe through design of prototypes. The new conceptual space that arises from user prototypes shows potential for addressing emotions when designing for health and for further development of the technique user prototypes.
A Method to Derive Software Architectures from Quality Requirements

We present a model- and pattern-based method that allows software engineers to take quality requirements into account right from the beginning of the software development process. The method comprises requirements analysis as well as the derivation of a software architecture from requirements documents, in which quality requirements are reflected explicitly. For requirements analysis, we use an enhancement of the problem frame approach, where software development problems are represented by problem diagrams. The derivation of a software architecture starts from a set of problem diagrams, annotated with functional as well as quality requirements. First, we set up an initial software architecture, taking into account the decomposition of the overall software development problem into sub problems. Then, we incorporate quality requirements into that architecture by using security or performance patterns or mechanisms. The method is tool-supported, which allows developers to check semantic integrity conditions in the different models.
How Much Weight Loss is Effective on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide with no specific treatment. Weight loss is the most effective therapeutic strategy in its management; however, there is no consensus on its specifics. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of weight loss on liver enzymes, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and CK18-M30 (cytokeratin 18) as a biomarker of hepatocellular apoptosis. Objectives To study the effect of weight reduction diet as an exclusive treatment for NAFLD. Patients and Methods Forty four patients with NAFLD received a diet including a 500 to 1000 kcal per day intake reduction as30% fat, 15% protein, and 55% carbohydrate for six months. Anthropometric parameters, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-6, CK18-M30 were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. At the end of follow up, patients were classified as adherent or nonadherent to treatment according to a weight loss of ≥ 5%, or < 5% of initial body weight, respectively. Results Twenty five patients were classified as adherent group and nineteen as nonadherent group (9.7% vs. 1.9% total body weight loss after 6 months, respectively). After 6 months, changes in adherent and nonadherent groups were as follows: reduction in body weight from 93.7 ± 15.8 kg to 84.2 ± 13.4 kg vs. 94 ± 16.6 kg to 92.2 ± 16.2 kg (P < 0.05), BMI from 32.7 ± 3.9 to 29.5 ± 3.2 vs.31. 8 ± 5.4 to 31.1 ± 5.3 (P < 0.001), and waist circumference from 105.1 ± 12.6 cm to 97.4 ± 9.8 cm vs.106. 8 ± 14.2 cm to 103.7 ± 14 cm (P < 0.001), respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in adherent group (from 80.2 ± 5.1 mmHg to 76.9 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.001). Also, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, ALT, AST, GGT and CK18-M30 levels were significantly decreased in the adherent group compared to nonadherent group (P < 0.05). Conclusions This intervention offers a practical approach for treatment of patients with NAFLD with diet therapy.