Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐derived p53 mutant C174Y is a gain‐of‐function mutant which activates the fos promoter and enhances colony formation

SV40 large T antigen–induced primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the rat provide a model system to study induction and progression of primitive neuroectodermal tumors at the molecular level. A cell line derived from such a tumor reproducibly gave rise to malignant derivatives that ceased large T‐antigen expression but harbored a mutant p53 allele with a common mutation at Cys174 to Tyr (C174Y). To determine whether this p53 mutation contributes to tumor progression, we analyzed mutant C174Y functionally. Co‐transfection experiments in Saos‐2 cells with mutant or wild‐type p53 and reporter genes linked to various p53‐responsive promoters revealed that mutant C174Y failed to transcriptionally transactivate the Mdm2, Waf1, Cyclin G and Bax promoters. Loss of transcriptional activation correlated with loss of DNA‐binding activity. Moreover, mutant C174Y exhibited a dominant negative effect on co‐expressed wild‐type p53. The ability of mutant p53 to repress the viral RSV, LTR or SV40 early promoters or the cellular fos promoter was likewise impaired. In contrast, it showed even induction of the fos promoter. Consistent with these observations, mutant C174Y was non‐functional in the suppression of Saos‐2 cell growth and even conferred a growth advantage to the cells. Surprisingly, mutant C174Y was also impaired in nuclear transport, as revealed by immunofluorescence analyses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mutant C174Y possesses features that can positively contribute to cancer progression. Int. J. Cancer 88:162–171, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage probability and its approximate confidence interval under possible heterogeneity

The p o s s i b i l i t y of h e t e r o g e n e i t y of the recombinat ion f r a c t i o n , 0, between a d i s e a s e and a marker locus is a s e r i o u s problem and has been d i s c u s s e d , for example, i n t h e l i n k a g e of Hunt ington ' s d i s e a s e v e r s u s G8 . I n t h i s c o n t e x t , t w o k inds of h e t e r o g e n e i t y are of i n t e r e s t , t h a t due t o a mixture of l i n k e d and unl inked f a m i l i e s (a p a r t i c u l a r case of n o n a l l e l i c h e t e r o g e n e i t y ) , and t h a t r e f e r r i n g t o d i f f e r e n c e s between male and female recombinat ion f r a c t i o n . The fo l lowing q u e s t i o n s have been r a i s e d : Although n o n a l l e l i c h e t e r o g e n e i t y does n o t seem to o c c u r , how r e l i a b l y can one assume absence of heterogenei t y ? How does one judge any g iven f a m i l y as to i t s be ing homogeneous wi th t h e o t h e r f a m i l i e s ? I n t h i s p r e s e n t a t i o n i t i s shown how such q u e s t i o n s may be answered i n t h e framework of t h e admixture t e s t ( A t e s t ) , some of whose p r o p e r t i e s have r e c e n t l y been i n v e s t i g a t e d ( O t t , 1985). More e x t e n s i v e invest i g a t i o n s i n t o t h e number of f a m i l i e s t h a t i s r e q u i r e d t o d e t e c t an e x i s t i n g h e t e r o g e n e i t y may be found i n Caval l i -Sforza and King (1986) and i n O t t ( 1986) .
Improving Accuracy of Intrusion Detection Model Using PCA and optimized SVM

Intrusion detection is very essential for providing security to different network domains and is mostly used for locating and tracing the intruders. There are many problems with traditional intrusion detection models (IDS) such as low detection capability against unknown network attack, high false alarm rate and insufficient analysis capability. Hence the major scope of the research in this domain is to develop an intrusion detection model with improved accuracy and reduced training time. This paper proposes a hybrid intrusiondetection model by integrating the principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM). The novelty of the paper is the optimization of kernel parameters of the SVM classifier using automatic parameter selection technique. This technique optimizes the punishment factor ( C ) and kernel parameter gamma ( γ ), thereby improving the accuracy of the classifier and reducing the training and testing time. The experimental results obtained on the NSL KDD and gurekddcup dataset show that the proposed technique performs better with higher accuracy, faster convergence speed and better generalization. Minimum resources are consumed as the classifier input requires reduced feature set for optimum classification. A comparative analysis of hybrid models with the proposed model is also performed. ACM CCS (2012) Classification : Security and privacy → Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation → Intrusion detection systems *To cite this article: S. T. Ikram and A. K. Cherukuri, "Improving Accuracy of Intrusion Detection Model Using PCA and optimized SVM", CIT. Journal of Computing and Information Technology , vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 133–148, 2016.
Social Physique Anxiety: Personality Constructs, Motivations, Exercise Attitudes, and Behaviors

Social physique anxiety is a feeling of distress associated with the perceived evaluation of one's physical self. Since its inception, the construct has been associated with a variety of exercise-related constructs including perceived competence, self-consciousness, and the exercise milieu individuals choose. The present purpose was to relate social physique anxiety to participants' attitudes toward exercise, adherence behaviors, participation motivation, personality variables, and emotional attitude toward exercise. 326 university fitness-center participants were surveyed and asked for demographic information, to self-report their exercise habits, and to answer questions measuring the construct, motivation, personality, and attitudes toward exercise. Women had higher scores on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale than men; individuals who scored high were more likely to endorse extrinsic motives for exercise than individuals scoring low on the scale, and high scores were indicative of higher public body awareness. Individuals with high scores on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale exhibited an emotional profile similar to addicted exercisers. Given these results, implications for alleviation of such anxiety were discussed.
Neurofibromin Mediates FAK Signaling in Confining Synapse Growth at Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), caused by the mutation in the NF1 gene, is characterized by multiple pathological symptoms. Importantly, ∼50% of NF1 patients also suffer learning difficulty. Although downstream pathways are well studied, regulation of the NF1-encoded neurofibromin protein is less clear. Here, we focused on the pathophysiology of Drosophila NF1 mutants in synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions. Our analysis suggests that the Drosophila neurofibromin protein NF1 is required to constrain synaptic growth and transmission. NF1 functions downstream of the Drosophila focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Fak56 and physically interacts with Fak56. The N-terminal region of NF1 mediates the interaction with Fak56 and is required for the signaling activity and presynaptic localization of NF1. In presynapses, NF1 acts via the cAMP pathway, but independent of its GAP activity, to restrain synaptic growth. Thus, presynaptic FAK signaling may be disrupted, causing abnormal synaptic growth and transmission in the NF1 genetic disorder.
Ability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements to identify early glaucoma

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) parameters to distinguish normal eyes from those with early glaucoma in Asian Indian eyes. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy eight eyes (83 glaucoma patients and 95 age matched healthy subjects) of subjects more than 40 years of age were included in the study. All subjects underwent RNFLT measurement with spectral OCT/ scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) after dilatation. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AROC) were calculated for various OCT peripapillary RNFL parameters. Results: The mean RNFLT in healthy subjects and patients with early glaucoma were 105.7 ± 5.1 μm and 90.7 ± 7.5 μm, respectively. The largest AROC was found for 12 o’clock- hour (0.98), average (0.96) and superior quadrant RNFLT (0.9). When target specificity was set at ≥ 90% and ≥ 80%, the parameters with highest sensitivity were 12 o’clock -hour (91.6%), average RNFLT (85.3%) and 12 o’ clock- hour (96.8 %), average RNFLT (94.7%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed good ability of spectral OCT/ SLO to differentiate normal eyes from patients with early glaucoma and hence it may serve as an useful adjunct for early diagnosis of glaucoma.
DUSP 4 expression identifies a subset of colorectal cancer tumors that differ in MAPK activation, regardless of the genotype

Abstract As dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) expression has been correlated to sensitivity to MEK inhibitors, DUSP expression levels may indicate activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in many tumor types. In this study, we investigate if DUSP levels can indicate different levels of MAPK activation within colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In three different CRC patient microarray datasets, we analyzed the expression of DUSP1. DUSP4 and DUSP6 according to mutational status, their correlation with survival and their association with different clinical characteristics. DUSP4 was significantly differentially expressed between all mutational subgroups with the highest expression in BRAF mutated tumors. Moreover, high DUSP4 expression was associated with a worse overall survival and with clinical characteristics typical for BRAF mutant patients. The use of DUSP expression as a predictive biomarker towards MAPK targeted therapy in CRC patients needs further investigation.
Experimental therapy of human glioma by means of a genetically engineered virus mutant

Malignant gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors and are almost always fatal. A thymidine kinase-negative mutant of herpes simplex virus-1 (dlsptk) that is attenuated for neurovirulence was tested as a possible treatment for gliomas. In cell culture, dlsptk killed two long-term human glioma lines and three short-term human glioma cell populations. In nude mice with implanted subcutaneous and subrenal U87 human gliomas, intraneoplastic inoculation of dlsptk caused growth inhibition. In nude mice with intracranial U87 gliomas, intraneoplastic inoculation of dlsptk prolonged survival. Genetically engineered viruses such as dlsptk merit further evaluation as novel antineoplastic agents.
The impact of H.264/AVC on compression and non-destructive evaluation of piston data in industrial Computed Tomography

The application of video encoding for the compression of Computed Tomography (CT) based projection images is very promising with respect to a more efficient transmission and storage of this particular type of data. Especially the use of “off-the-shelf” technologies, such as the H.264/AVC codec, ensures long term support due to its widespread use in the media industry. We present an approach for the application of this standard 8-bit video codec even for 16-bit projection data sets. Based on a benchmark set of 200 pistons, we evaluate its performance in terms of the compression rate relative to the original input data. Furthermore, we compare the detection rate of manufacturing defects in the reconstructed volumes to the state-of-the-art technique without video encoding. For this purpose our benchmark does not only contain the projections of the 200 pistons, but additionally the exact information about location and size of the manufacturing defects of the respective piston. We show that the detection rate based on the video encoded projection data is, up to a certain threshold, as good as without compression.
Efficient Transition-Mode Boolean Characteristic Function with Its Application to Maximum Instantaneous Current Analysis

Circuit timing and power analysis are important in various aspects of circuit optimization. In order to solve the problem of finding input vectors to activate worst-case timing or power, a concept called timed characteristic function (TCF) was proposed, which can characterize logical and temporal conditions simultaneously. Traditionally TCF assumes the (one-vector) floating mode of operation. In this paper we extend TCF for the (two-vector) transition mode and propose an efficient way to construct transition-mode TCF. Also, we apply the TCF concept to the analysis of the maximum instantaneous current (MIC) of a circuit, where transition-mode TCF is used to formulate gates' switching conditions. The experimental results show that on average, the TCF technique can derive about 30% more accurate MIC results than random simulation does for combinational circuits
Effect of a maximal treadmill test on percent body fat using leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis in children.

AIM The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a maximal treadmill exercise test on percent body fat (%BF) in children using leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA) (Tanita Model #TBF-300A). METHODS Fifty-four children (24 females; 30 males) between 7-10 years of age participated in this study. LBIA measures of %BF were obtained immediately before and within 5 min after completing a maximal oxygen consumption test on a motorized treadmill. RESULTS No pre- to post-test differences in %BF were observed in either group (mean difference: females 1.6%, males 1.5%). Impedance values significantly decreased postexercise (P < 0.05) in the female subjects. No significant differences were observed for fat mass, fat free mass, total body water or body weight postexercise when compared to pre-exercise values in either group. Correlations (P = 0.0001) of 0.997 were observed between pre- and postexercise measures of %BF. CONCLUSIONS A maximal treadmill exercise test conducted prior to LBIA has no impact on %BF in children. Therefore, normal daily activities performed prior to LBIA assessment may have a limited impact on LBIA body composition measurement in children. As such, compliance with stringent pretesting exercise guidelines may not be essential when using LBIA to assess %BF in children.
Global Gene Expression Profiling of Yersinia pestis Replicating inside Macrophages Reveals the Roles of a Putative Stress-Induced Operon in Regulating Type III Secretion and Intracellular Cell Division

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a facultative intracellular pathogen. Previous studies have indicated that the ability of Y. pestis to survive inside macrophages may be critical during the early stages of plague pathogenesis. To gain insights into the biology of intracellular Y. pestis and its environment following phagocytosis, we determined the genome-wide transcriptional profile of Y. pestis KIM5 replicating inside J774.1 macrophage-like cells using DNA microarrays. At 1.5, 4, and 8 h postinfection, a total of 801, 464, and 416 Y. pestis genes were differentially regulated, respectively, compared to the level of gene expression of control bacteria grown in tissue culture medium. A number of stress-response genes, including those involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, as well as several metabolic genes involved in macromolecule synthesis, were significantly induced in intracellular Y. pestis, consistent with the presence of oxidative stress and nutrient starvation inside Yersinia-containing vacuoles. A putative stress-induced operon consisting of y2313, y2315, and y2316 (y2313-y2316), and a previously unidentified open reading frame, orfX, was studied further on the basis of its high level of intracellular expression. Mutant strains harboring either deletion, Δy2313-y2316 or ΔorfX, exhibited diverse phenotypes, including reduced effector secretion by the type III secretion system, increased intracellular replication, and filamentous morphology of the bacteria growing inside macrophages. The results suggest a possible role for these genes in regulating cell envelope characteristics in the intracellular environment.
Scaling limitations in transparent optical networks due to low-level crosstalk

As transparent optical networks are scaled up in size, stringent constraints must be placed on the in-band crosstalk generated by their components. Measurements show that transparent networks corrupted by interferometric signal-crosstalk beat noise from only 8 crosstalk fields require component crosstalk levels <-35 dB. Good agreement with theory is shown. <<ETX>>
Determination of Inorganic Anions in Environmental Waters Using a Hydroxide-Selective Column

Introduction Ion chromatography (IC) is now a well-established and accepted technique for the monitoring of inorganic anions in environmental waters, such as surface, ground, and drinking waters. In the U.S., water quality is legislated through the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA). The goal of the CWA is to reduce the discharge of pollutants into waters, whereas the SDWA ensures the integrity and safety of drinking waters.1,2 Primary and secondary drinking water standards have been adopted in the U.S. for certain inorganic anions. The U.S. National Primary Drinking Water Standards (NPDWS) include fluoride, nitrite, and nitrate. A maximum contaminant level for each of these anions is specified in the NPDWS as the regulatory standard for minimizing potential health effects arising from their ingestion in drinking water.3 Other common inorganic anions, such as fluoride, chloride, and sulfate, are considered secondary contaminants and are regulated under the U.S. National Secondary Drinking Water Standards, which are guidelines regarding taste, color, odor, and certain aesthetic effects.4
Modes of Infant Feeding and the Occurrence of Coughing/Wheezing in the First Year of Life

Background: Controversies regarding infant feeding and childhood wheezing may result from insufficient differentiation among various feeding modes. Objectives: We conducted prospective analyses of associations between the repeated ascertainment of feeding mode and wheezing in infancy. Methods: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2833 infants) provided data on coughing/wheezing episodes (CWEs) at 8 time points and feeding modes at 9 time points from months 1 to 12. Feeding modes were defined as direct breastfeeding, indirect breastfeeding (IBF, bottled breast milk), formula feeding (FF), and their combinations. In concurrent and delayed models using repeated measurements, the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of different feeding modes for CWEs were estimated. In the delayed models, only infants without symptoms were considered at risk for consequent CWE. Results: In a model with a 1-month delay, compared to direct breastfeeding, any other feeding mode showed a statistically significant risk for CWEs (IBF: RR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.05, 2.72]; FF: RR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.08, 1.47]; mixed breast feeding plus FF: RR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]; and FF and direct breastfeeding: RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.14, 1.68]). In a concurrent effect model, FF, the combination of FF and IBF, and mixed breastfeeding plus formula were risk factors (RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.19, 1.59], RR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.27, 2.63], and RR=1.35, 95% CI [1.11, 1.65]; respectively). Conclusions: Any mode of feeding that includes formula or bottled breast milk seems to be a moderate risk for cough or wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life.
Southwick's head-shaft angles: normal standards and abnormal values observed in obesity and in patients with epiphysiolysis

Southwick's angles measured in the anteroposterior and Lauenstein frog-leg views have been used for planning surgical treatment of deformities caused by slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Clinically established epiphysiolysis is associated with a decrease in anteroposterior angles and an increase in Lauenstein angles. Obesity is one of the factors involved in the development of SCFE, but its influence in Southwick's angles has not been previously described. Additionally, few reports describe normal values adjusted for sex and bone age. In this study, we determined Southwick's angles in normal control participants (n=70), in patients with obesity (n=31) and in patients with epiphysiolysis (n=33). The intra-observer variations were 1.7 and 23.3% for the anteroposterior and Lauenstein angles, respectively. No significant differences were detected in the control group when these individuals were compared according to sex or chronological age. Obese patients showed a significant increase in the anterposterior angle when compared with control individuals. The hip with epiphysiolysis presented a significant reduction in the anteroposterior angle and an increase in the Lauenstein angle, when the same was compared with the contralateral hip or with the control values. In patients with unilateral SCFE the Lauenstein angle of the normal hip was detected as increased, which was possibly related to the obesity associated with decreased insulin resistance presented by these patients. We conclude that the detection of risk for developing SCFE should include an expanded clinical and radiological profile characterized by pubertal males who present obesity associated with insulin resistance and an increase in Southwick's anteroposterior angle.
Transfer of the conjugal tetracycline resistance transposon Tn916 from Streptococcus faecalis to Staphylococcus aureus and identification of some insertion sites in the staphylococcal chromosome

The Streptococcus faecalis pheromone-dependent conjugative plasmid pAD1::Tn916 and the membrane filter-dependent conjugative plasmid pPD5::Tn916 were used to introduce Tn916 into Staphylococcus aureus by intergeneric protoplast fusions and intergeneric membrane-filter matings. In recombinants obtained by protoplast fusion where no plasmid DNA could be detected, tetracycline resistance resulted from transposition of Tn916 from pAD1 to the S. aureus chromosome. Transformation analyses showed that S. aureus Tn916 chromosomal insertions occurred near pig, ilv, uraA, tyrB, fus, ala, and the trp operon. DNA hybridization analyses of EcoRI- and HindIII-digested chromosomal DNAs confirmed the diversity of chromosomal sites involved and demonstrated that the inserts were Tn916 insertions rather than integrations of all or part of pAD1::Tn916. Both pAD1::Tn916 and pPD5::Tn916 were transferred to S. aureus by membrane-filter matings. These plasmids remained intact and expressed tetracycline resistance in S. aureus. S. aureus strains carrying pAD1::Tn916, but not a chromosomal insert of Tn916, and any one of several conjugal gentamicin-resistance plasmids lost their ability to serve as conjugal donors of the gentamicin-resistance plasmids.