Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships among philotarsid and pseudocaeciliid genera and a proposed new family, Bryopsocidae (Psocoptera)

In the classification of any group of organisms, views that have a long tradition are often difficult to put aside. We may weight certain characters heavily out of respect for such a traditional view. Weighting may even become an unconscious act if we uncritically include a particular character in the definition of a taxon. The character, then, comes to have absolute weight in our subsequent decisions about which subtaxa will be placed in the taxon and which will not. One must remember, however, that taxa, being constituted by organisms, have the capacity to evolve, and that any one character may have changed (evolved) in a subtaxon while others have not. We must not let a group definition come in the way of showing true relationships. There has generally either been implied or expressed the view that adults in the psocopteran family Philotarsidae have three tarsomeres (Pearman 1936, Badonnel 1951, Smithers 1972, Thornton 1981). For some time, this was an indisputable fact, but Mockford and Evans (1976) and Mockford and Broadhead (1982), assigned species with two tarsomeres to this family. Various authors have noted that adults in the family Pseudocaeciliidae have two tarsomeres (Pearman 1936, Badonnel 1951, Lee and Thornton 1967). This view remained unchanged until Meinander (1978) assigned a genus with three tarsomeres to this family. It appears now that adherence to the traditional view that Philotarsids should have three tarsomeres and Pseudocaeciliids should have two has led to a rather serious error in classification.
Random fuzzy production and distribution plan of agricultural products and its PSO algorithm

We present a random fuzzy tactical planning model for the production and distribution of agricultural products because of the uncertainties encountered in the whole process. In the proposed model, the crops' yields are uncertain and assumed to be characterized by random fuzzy variables with known probability and possibility distributions. The model approach selected is a two-stage hybrid uncertain programming in which the decisions in a first stage are designed to meet the uncertain outcomes in a second stage. Since it is always difficult to handle with the random fuzzy model directly, we apply an approximation approach (AA) to evaluate the value of the objective function and discuss the convergence the AA. Considering that the approximating model is neither linear nor convex, it cann't be solved via the conventional optimization algorithm. Therefore, an approximate-based hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. Finally, an application example is presented to highlight the significance of the random fuzzy production and distribution model as well as the effectiveness of the solution method.
Student experiences of assessment in two problem‐based dental curricula: Adelaide and Dublin

Dental students in third (n = 35) and fifth years (n = 50) at Adelaide and Trinity College Dental Schools were surveyed about their experiences of assessment and their perceptions of the importance of particular aspects of assessment. Students reported on their assessment experience within their programmes by describing a critical assessment incident and their response to it, and also rated assessment purposes and features using a 5‐point Likert scale of relative importance. The students described a range of assessment methods, including group assignments, vivas, laboratory assessment, and problem‐based learning tutorials, but written examinations/tests and clinical assessment were discussed most frequently. Negative assessment experiences were commonly noted. The two most frequently raised issues were lack of congruence between student and staff perceptions of performance, and not receiving adequate feedback. There were no significant differences between years or schools in students’ ratings of the importance of assessment purposes. Overall, the students rated the provision of feedback on learning and motivation for learning as the most important purposes (> 80%). Patient‐based scenarios were rated as the most important method for judging students’ learning (> 90%), whilst group‐work tasks were rated of little importance. Overall, students rated clear requirements and feedback as the most important characteristics for positive assessment outcomes. Students’ ratings of assessment purposes, characteristics and methods closely matched the features of good assessment practice found in the literature. However, their assessment experiences indicate the need for review of assessment in both schools, particularly related to student–staff expectations of performance levels, and the provision of feedback.
METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNS

A series of experiments was carried out to measure comprehension, or intrinsic meaning, of traffic sign symbols under a variety of conditions. In addition, the preferences for symbolic representation of traffic sign messages were measured by determining population stereotypes, and subjective meaning of signs was measured using the semantic differential technique. Three questionnaire techniques were developed and compared for use in measuring intrinsic meaning, preference, and clarity of symbolic messages. Learning and memory for the meanings of unfamiliar symbols was examined in two experiments. Laboratory techniques included the measurement of glance legibility using a reltively simple tachistoscopic method, and the measurement of the speed with which subjects could extract information from signs, using a reaction time technique. Several of these methods, with which the same series of signs was examined, were compared for their relative ability to predict results obtained in the initial on-the-road study. Conclusions and recommendations are made on the basis of this series of experiments. /Author/
Employees' Perceptions of Career Management Practices: The Development of a New Measure

This article introduces a new measure of employees' Perceptions of Career Management Practices (PCMP). Previous career management research has, to a considerable degree, been largely descriptive and theoretical rather than predictive and empirical. Empirical career research has been limited to specific career management practices and has not focused on employees' perceptions of these practices. The first study identified the most prevalent career management practices then utilized employees' perceptions of these practices to develop a new measure. The new measure PCMP was validated in a second study.
From Requirements to Code with PASSI Methodology

A Process for Agent Societies Specification and Implementation (PASSI) is a step-by-step requirement-to-code methodology for designing and developing multi-agent societies, integrating design models and concepts from both object-oriented (OO) software engineering and artificial intelligence approaches using the UML notation. The models and phases of PASSI encompass representation of system requirements, social viewpoint, solution architecture, code production and reuse, and deployment configuration supporting mobility of agents. The methodology is illustrated by the well-known Bookstore case study.
ALK-rearrangements and testing methods in non-small cell lung cancer: a review

The anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene was first described as a driver mutation in anaplastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Dysregulated ALK expression is now an identified driver mutation in nearly twenty different human malignancies, including 4-9% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib is more effective than standard chemotherapeutic agents in treating ALK positive NSCLC, making molecular diagnostic testing for dysregulated ALK expression a necessary step in identifying optimal treatment modalities. Here we review ALKmediated signal transduction pathways and compare the molecular protocols used to identify dysregulated ALK expression in NSCLC. We also discuss the use of crizotinib and second generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ALK positive NSCLC, and the known mechanisms of crizotinib resistance in NSCLC.
The Contributions of Creative Cognition and Schizotypal Symptoms to Creative Achievement

Although previous research has suggested that people with subclinical levels of schizophrenic symptoms achieve a greater number of creative accomplishments, the contention that there is a creative cognitive advantage in schizotypy has received mixed support. It was hypothesized that accounting for complex relationships between (a) creative cognition abilities (moderated relationships), and (b) creative cognition and schizotypy variables (mediated, moderated, and curvilinear relationships) would significantly increase the ability to predict creative performance and provide a more accurate survey of the schizotypic creative cognitive advantage. One hundred and fourteen participants completed a creative problem solving measure, measures of cognitive creative abilities (Remote Associates Test, a divergent thinking task, and a deductive reasoning task) and measures of positive and negative symptoms of schizotypy. Regression analyses supported the conception of a multistage process in which creative cognition variables interact with each other to predict performance on a creative problem solving task. There was no evidence of a creative cognitive advantage in schizotypy: People high in schizotypy performing the same or worse than people reporting few schizotypic symptoms on measures of creative cognition and creative problem solving performance. If people with schizotypy are, indeed, more creative than those without, it is because of factors other than the cognitive processes surveyed in this investigation.
The Role of Group Dynamics in Mixed Methods Health Sciences Research Teams

This article explores the group dynamics of mixed methods health sciences research teams. The authors conceptualize mixed methods research teams as “representational groups,” in which members bring both their organizational and professional groups (e.g., organizational affiliations, methodological expertise) and their identity groups, such as gender or race, to the work of research. Although diversity and complementarity are intrinsic to mixed methods teams, these qualities also present particular challenges. Such challenges include (a) dealing with differences, (b) trusting the “other,” (c) creating a meaningful group, (d) handling essential conflicts and tensions, and (e) enacting effective leadership roles. The authors describe these challenges and, drawing from intergroup relations theory, propose guiding principles that may be useful to mixed methods health sciences research teams.
Impact of Network Dynamics on User's Video Quality: Analytical Framework and QoS Provision

We develop an analytical framework to investigate the impacts of network dynamics on the user perceived video quality. Our investigation stands from the end user's perspective by analyzing the receiver playout buffer. In specific, we model the playback buffer at the receiver by a G/G/1/¿ and G/G/1/N queue, respectively, with arbitrary patterns of packet arrival and playback. We then examine the transient queue length of the buffer using the diffusion approximation. We obtain the closed-form expressions of the video quality in terms of the start-up delay, fluency of video playback and packet loss, and represent them by the network statistics, i.e., the average network throughput and delay jitter. Based on the analytical framework, we propose adaptive playout buffer management schemes to optimally manage the threshold of video playback towards the maximal user utility, according to different quality-of-service requirements of end users. The proposed framework is validated by extensive simulations.
ACCOUNTING FOR MONOTONE ATTRITION IN A POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION CLINICAL TRIAL

Longitudinal studies in public health, medicine and the social sciences are often complicated by monotone attrition, where a participant drops out before the end of the study and all his/her subsequent measurements are missing. To obtain accurate non-biased results, it is of public health importance to utilize appropriate missing data analytic methods to address the issue of monotone attrition.The defining feature of longitudinal studies is that several measurements are taken for each participant over time. The commonly used methods to analyze incomplete longitudinal data, complete case analysis and last observation carried forward, are not recommended because they produce biased estimators. Simple imputation and multiple imputation procedures provide alternative approaches for addressing monotone attrition. However, simple imputation is difficult in a multivariate setting and produces biased estimators. Multiple imputation addresses those shortcomings and allows a straightforward assessment of the sensitivity of inferences to various models for non-response. This thesis reviews the literature on missing data mechanisms and missing data analysis methods for monotone attrition. Data from a postpartum depression clinical trial comparing the effects of two drugs (Nortriptyline and Sertraline) on remission status at 8 weeks were re-analyzed using these methods. The original analysis, which only used available data, was replicated first. Then patterns and predictors of attrition were identified. Last observation carried forward, mean imputation and multiple imputation were used to account for both monotone attrition and a small number of intermittent missing measurements. In multiple imputation, every missing measurement was imputed 6 times by predictive matching. Each of the 6 completed data sets was analyzed separately and the results of all the analyses were combined to get the overall estimate and standard errors. In each analysis, continuous remission levels were imputed but the probability of remission was analyzed. The original conclusion of no significant difference in probability of remission at week 8 between the two drug groups was sustained even after carrying the missing measurements forward, mean and multiple imputations. Most drop outs occurred during the first three weeks and participants taking Sertraline who live alone were more likely to drop out.
Where have all the Fieldnotes Gone? The Changing Nature and Politics of Drugs Ethnography in the Netherlands

A critical review of Dutch drugs ethnography over the past two decades addresses the importance of fieldnotes and the influence of the wider policy context on the research process. Three generations of Dutch drugs ethnographers are distinguished. In the work of the first generation, fieldnotes played a primary role in the research process. This value was tied to the policy need to have first-hand knowledge of drug users themselves in order to formulate policy. The second generation created an equal partnership between qualitative and quantitative research to serve the needs of the consolidation of the national harm reduction policy. The third generation discounted ethnography as the policy shifted away from the needs of the drug users to the nuisance they caused for public security. The review concludes that the future of Dutch drugs ethnograph lies in a revival of the original interests fortified by new technologies and methodological insights. A more balanced approach between drug users, academics and policy-makers is advocated.
Survey Results from the Philippines: NPUAP Changes in Pressure Injury Terminology and Definitions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the opinions of healthcare clinicians in the Philippines regarding the 2016 National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) terminology changes and revised staging definitions. DESIGN AND SETTING: A survey methodology was used in Manila, Philippines. Convenience samples of healthcare clinicians of varying disciplines and employment settings were invited to participate in this research. INTERVENTIONS: A survey was administered at key intervals regarding the revised NPUAP terminology changes and revised staging definitions. The survey was administered before and after an interactive, basic 2-day wound course was conducted. MAIN RESULTS: Results revealed strong support for the 2016 NPUAP terminology change from pressure ulcer to pressure injury and the revised staging definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Since the NPUAP changed its terminology and revised the staging definitions, the wound care community has been responding to those changes. Because pressure injuries are a global health concern, the opinions of clinicians outside the United States are equally valuable. The healthcare clinicians in the Philippines surveyed appear to embrace the new terminology changes and revised staging definitions put forth by the NPUAP.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Bullying in Middle School Youth

ABSTRACT We examined middle school students' attitudes and perceptions of bullying during their middle school years. Participants were categorized along the bully/victim continuum as bullies, victims, bully-victims, and no-status students based on their self-nomination from a survey that queries students about their experiences with bullying (either as a bully, victim, or both), their observations of bullying, and their attitudes toward bullying. The majority of participants were classified as bullies, victims, and bully-victims as 70% of the participants reported involvement with bullying and/or victimization during their middle school years. Participants' perceptions about bullying and attitudes toward bullying were examined at three points in time. Participants' attitudes toward bullying became more supportive of bullying as students progressed through middle school. Additionally, external attributes for bullying were cited across all four status groups as reasons for involvement in bullying. Implications for prevention and intervention programs that address bullying are discussed.
Discrete HMMs for classification of mixtures of signals

The concept of mixtures of discrete HMMs (MDHMM) is introduced. The application of MDHMMs to the classification of mixtures of signals is described. The optimal decision rule is presented. Alternative algorithms with reduced computational load are proposed: a simplified decision statistic is defined and sub-optimal search methods are discussed. The performance of the various algorithms are analyzed on Monte-Carlo simulations.
A Spontaneous Mutation of the Rat Themis Gene Leads to Impaired Function of Regulatory T Cells Linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Spontaneous or chemically induced germline mutations, which lead to Mendelian phenotypes, are powerful tools to discover new genes and their functions. Here, we report an autosomal recessive mutation that occurred spontaneously in a Brown-Norway (BN) rat colony and was identified as causing marked T cell lymphopenia. This mutation was stabilized in a new rat strain, named BNm for “BN mutated. ” In BNm rats, we found that the T cell lymphopenia originated in the thymus, was intrinsic to CD4 T lymphocytes, and was associated with the development of an inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the suppressive activity of both peripheral and thymic CD4+ CD25bright regulatory T cells (Treg) is defective in BNm rats. Complementation of mutant animals with BN Treg decreases disease incidence and severity, thus suggesting that the impaired Treg function is involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease in BNm rats. Moreover, the cytokine profile of effector CD4 T cells is skewed toward Th2 and Th17 phenotypes in BNm rats. Linkage analysis and genetic dissection of the CD4 T cell lymphopenia in rats issued from BNm×DA crosses allowed the localization of the mutation on chromosome 1, within a 1.5 megabase interval. Gene expression and sequencing studies identified a frameshift mutation caused by a four-nucleotide insertion in the Themis gene, leading to its disruption. This result is the first to link Themis to the suppressive function of Treg and to suggest that, in Themis-deficient animals, defect of this function is involved in intestinal inflammation. Thus, this study highlights the importance of Themis as a new target gene that could participate in the pathogenesis of immune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation resulting from a defect in the Treg compartment.
Good quantum error-correcting codes exist.

With the realization that computers that use the interference and superposition principles of quantum mechanics might be able to solve certain problems, including prime factorization, exponentially faster than classical computers @1#, interest has been growing in the feasibility of these quantum computers, and several methods for building quantum gates and quantum computers have been proposed @2,3#. One of the most cogent arguments against the feasibility of quantum computation appears to be the difficulty of eliminating error caused by inaccuracy and decoherence @4#. Whereas the best experimental implementations of quantum gates accomplished so far have less than 90% accuracy @5#, the accuracy required for factorization of numbers large enough to be difficult on conventional computers appears to be closer to one part in billions. We hope that the techniques investigated in this paper can eventually be extended so as to reduce this quantity by several orders of magnitude. In the storage and transmission of digital data, errors can be corrected by using error-correcting codes @6#. In digital computation, errors can be corrected by using redundancy; in fact, it has been shown that fairly unreliable gates could be assembled to form a reliable computer @7#. It has widely been assumed that the quantum no-cloning theorem @8# makes error correction impossible in quantum communication and computation because redundancy cannot be obtained by duplicating quantum bits. This argument was shown to be in error for quantum communication in Ref. @9#, where a code was given that mapped one qubit ~two-state quantum system! into nine qubits so that the original qubit could be recovered perfectly even after arbitrary decoherence of any one of these nine qubits. This gives a quantum code on nine qubits with a rate 1
High quality facial expression recognition in video streams using shape related information only

Person independent and pose invariant facial emotion classification is important for situation analysis and for automated video annotation. Shape and its changes are advantageous for these purposes. We estimated the potentials of shape measurements from the raw 2D shape data of the CK+ database. We used a simple Procrustes transformation and applied the multi-class SVM leave-one-out method. We found close to 100% classification performance demonstrating the relevance of details in shape space. Precise, pose invariant 3D shape information can be computed by means of constrained local models (CLM). We used this method: we fitted 3D CLM to CK+ data and derived the frontal views of the 2D shapes. Performance reached and sometimes surpassed state-of-the-art results. In another experiment, we studied pose invariance: we rendered 3D emotional database with different poses using BU 4DFE database, fitted 3D CLM, transformed the 3D shape to frontal pose and evaluated the outputs of our classifier. Results show that the high quality classification is robust against pose variations. The superior performance suggests that shape, which is typically neglected or used only as side information in facial expression categorization, could make a good benchmark for future studies.