Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Fe–Al–Si intermediary phases by reactive sintering

In this work, Fe–Al–Si alloys were prepared by reactive sintering. The contents of silicon and aluminium ranged between 0–30 wt‐% and 10–40 wt‐% respectively. Aluminium, silicon and AlSi30 master alloy powders prepared by mechanical machining and/or milling and commercial powder of high purity iron were used for sintering. Powders were blended and pressed at room temperature. Sintering was carried out at 950°C for 60 min. Compact low porosity products without unreacted components were prepared, if a powder mixture contained 15–20 wt‐% of silicon and 20–25 wt‐% of aluminium. It was shown that these materials contain two phases (Al2FeSi and AlFeSi). Hardness of the alloys increased with growing silicon content, while the increase in aluminium content reduced the hardness.
The capacity of color histogram indexing

Color histogram matching has been shown to be a promising way of quickly indexing into a large image database. Yet, few experiments have been done to test the method on truly large databases, and even if they were performed, they would give little guidance to a user wondering if the technique would be useful with his or her database. In this paper we define and analyze a measure relevant to extending color histogram indexing to large databases: capacity (how many distinguishable histograms can be stored). <<ETX>>
Shape based computer aided diagnosis and automated navigation in virtual colonoscopy

This paper proposes a robust algorithm to detect colon polyps and cancerous lesions in virtual colonoscopy and present them to the user by automatically guiding the virtual camera. The detection algorithm uses Gaussian filters to construct the Hessian matrix, which represents the second order derivatives of a vector variate scalar valued function. Based on the sign and scale of the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix, blob like lesions can be selected on a given scale. In the visualization stage the camera is moved along the colon centerline with its speed and viewing direction adopted to the results of detection. The camera path and the viewing direction are described by Kochanek-Bartels splines. The velocity along the path is also governed by a C2 continuous function. The resulting fly through is smooth and physically plausible, and it is guaranteed that the user can see all regions of interest and spends sufficient time looking at each of them.
Role of Somatostatin in Preventing Post-endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Pancreatitis: An Update Meta-analysis

Background: Acute pancreatitis is the most common serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although, somatostatin (SOM) has been used in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), the efficacy of SOM remains inconsistent. Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), and the Science Citation Index were searched to retrieve relevant studies. Details of the study population, including patients’ characteristics, sample size, regimen of drug administration and incidence of PEP, hyperamylasemia and abdominal pain were extracted by two investigators. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials, enrolling a total of 4192 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. After data were pooled, we observed decreased incidence of ERCP-induced outcomes, such as PEP (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.98; P = 0.04) and hyperamylasemia (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.84; P < 0.001) in patients treated with SOM than those with placebo. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity found decreased incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia in Asia only. Subgroup analysis by treatment schedule and dosage revealed decreased incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia when SOM were treated with a single bolus or long-term infusion, or at dose above 3000 μg. We did not observed efficacy of SOM on abdominal pain in pooled or subgroup analysis. Conclusion: This meta-analysis of patients undergoing ERCP showed reduced incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia when SOM was administrated with single bolus, long-term infusion, or high dosage. More data are needed to confirm our findings.
Module Role of Software in Complex Systems

This module addresses the role of software in complex systems Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudi project. The Gaudi project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. June 23, 2016 status: preliminary draft version: 1.0 The Role of Software in Systems by Gerrit Muller Buskerud University College e-mail: gaudisite@gmail.com www.gaudisite. nl Abstract Software is a dominating factor in the development of complex systems. It plays a crucial role in the performance of the final product at the one hand, while it contributes significant to the development cost and elapsed time of development. This paper will discuss the role of software in the broader system context. An improved understanding of the role of software enables the system architect, and the other stakeholders of the product creation process, to integrate the software development better. In this way hardware-software tradeoffs can be made, balancing performance, costs and risks.Software is a dominating factor in the development of complex systems. It plays a crucial role in the performance of the final product at the one hand, while it contributes significant to the development cost and elapsed time of development. This paper will discuss the role of software in the broader system context. An improved understanding of the role of software enables the system architect, and the other stakeholders of the product creation process, to integrate the software development better. In this way hardware-software tradeoffs can be made, balancing performance, costs and risks. Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudi project. The Gaudi project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. June 23, 2016 status: concept version: 1.3 sensor optical device mechanical device C o n tr o l Fe ed b ac k human user
ILLINOIS-PROFILER: Knowledge Schemas at Scale

In many natural language processing tasks, contextual information from given documents alone is not sufficient to support the desired textual inference. In such cases, background knowledge about certain entities and concepts could be quite helpful. While many knowledge bases (KBs) focus on combining data from existing databases, including dictionaries and other human generated knowledge, we observe that in many cases the information needed to support textual inference involves detailed information about entities, entity types and relations among them; e.g., is the verb “fire” more likely to occur with an organization or a location as its Subject? In order to facilitate reliable answers to these types of questions, we propose to collect large scale graphbased statistics from huge corpora annotated using state-of-the-art NLP tools. In order to systematically design, acquire and access such a knowledge base, we formalize a class of tree based knowledge schemas based on Feature Description Logic (FDL). We define a range of knowledge schemas, then extract and organize the resulting statistical KB using a new tool, the PROFILER. Our experiments demonstrate that the PROFILER helps in classification and textual inference. Specifically, we demonstrate its application to co-reference resolution, showing considerable improvements by careful use of the PROFILER’s statistical knowledge.
Design of tendon driven humanoid’s lower body equipped with redundant and high-powered actuators

This paper presents how to develop a lower body with both redundant and high-powered actuator systems toward the next version of a fully tendon-driven musculoskeletal humanoid, which will be able to realize various flexible motions using whole body. The newly developed lower body has 44 actuators and each actuator can generate 25[kgf] muscle force continually. We propose the new design method of hollowing out the parts assembly areas, which realizes easy design of the skeleton with massive actuators. Finally we presented an experiment on the hip muscles tension and redundancy performances during the hip joint rotation motion.
Characterization of Type I and Type II nNOS-Expressing Interneurons in the Barrel Cortex of Mouse

In the neocortex, neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) is essentially expressed in two classes of GABAergic neurons: type I neurons displaying high levels of expression and type II neurons displaying weaker expression. Using immunocytochemistry in mice expressing GFP under the control of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67k (GAD67) promoter, we studied the distribution of type I and type II neurons in the barrel cortex and their expression of parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We found that type I neurons were predominantly located in deeper layers and expressed SOM (91.5%) while type II neurons were concentrated in layer II/III and VI and expressed PV (17.7%), SOM (18.7%), and VIP (10.2%). We then characterized neurons expressing nNOS mRNA (n = 42 cells) ex vivo, using whole-cell recordings coupled to single-cell reverse transcription-PCR and biocytin labeling. Unsupervised cluster analysis of this sample disclosed four classes. One cluster (n = 7) corresponded to large, deep layer neurons, displaying a high expression of SOM (85.7%) and was thus very likely to correspond to type I neurons. The three other clusters were identified as putative type II cells and corresponded to neurogliaform-like interneurons (n = 19), deep layer neurons expressing PV or SOM (n = 9), and neurons expressing VIP (n = 7). Finally, we performed nNOS immunohistochemistry on mouse lines in which GFP labeling revealed the expression of two specific developmental genes (Lhx6 and 5-HT3A). We found that type I neurons expressed Lhx6 but never 5-HT3A, indicating that they originate in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Type II neurons expressed Lhx6 (63%) and 5-HT3A (34.4%) supporting their derivation either from the MGE or from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) and the entopeduncular and dorsal preoptic areas. Together, our results in the barrel cortex of mouse support the view that type I neurons form a specific class of SOM-expressing neurons while type II neurons comprise at least three classes.
Ethnicity and Language Contributions to Dimensions of Parent Involvement

This study examined ethnic and language group differences on dimensions of parent-rated and teacher-rated parent involvement after adjusting for the influence of family socioeconomic factors. A total of 179 teachers and 481 parents provided information on parent school involvement for a sample of ethnically and linguistically diverse first-grade children attending one of three school districts in Texas. Four groups were examined: White, Black, Hispanic—English speaking, and Hispanic—Spanish speaking. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported four parent-reported involvement dimensions (positive perceptions about school, communication, parent–teacher shared responsibility, and parent school-based involvement) and three teacher-reported dimensions (alliance, general parent involvement, and teacher initiation of involvement). Data generally supported the hypothesized ethnic and language group differences in parent involvement and the moderating effect of dimension of parent involvement on group differences. Implications for school psychologists are discussed.
Locality Preserving Discriminant Projection

Face is the most powerful biometric as far as human recognition system is concerned which is not the case for machine vision. Face recognition by machine is yet incomplete due to adverse, unconstrained environment. Out of several attempts made in past few decades, subspace based methods appeared to be more accurate and robust. In the present proposal, a new subspace based method is developed. It preserves the local geometry of data points, here face images. In particular, it keeps the neighboring points which are from the same class close to each other and those from different classes far apart in the subspace. The first part can be seen as a variant of locality preserving projection (LPP) and the combination of both the parts is mentioned as locality preserving discriminant projection (LPDP). The performance of the proposed subspace based approach is compared with a few other contemporary approaches on some benchmark databases for face recognition. The current method seems to perform significantly better.
Bimodal information analysis for emotion recognition

We present a bimodal information analysis system for automatic emotion recognition. Our approach is based on the analysis of video sequences which combines facial expressions observed visually with acoustic features to automatically recognize five universal emotion classes: Anger, Disgust, Happiness, Sadness and Surprise. We address the challenges posed during the temporal analysis of the bimodal data and introduce a novel technique for combining the best features of instantaneous and temporal based visual recognition systems. We obtain robust appearance-based visual features which we classify instantaneously and aggregate it temporally to improve the recognition rates when compared to single-frame based instantaneous classification. The performance of the system is further boosted by using the complementary audio information for the bimodal emotion recognition. We combine the two modalities at both feature and score level to compare the respective joint emotion recognition rates. The emotions are instantaneously classified using a Support Vector Machine and sequentially aggregated based on their classification probabilities. This approach is validated on a posed audio-visual database and a natural interactive database. The experiments performed on these databases provide encouraging results with the best combined recognition rate being 82%.
Critical study of microforging Au ball on Al coated silicon substrate using finite element method

Abstract Microforging of a gold ball on aluminium coated silicon substrate is an important process step during the interconnection of gold wires in microelectronics industry. Understanding the deformation mechanism helps to achieve the required deformed profile of the ball with maximum shear strength of the weld and minimum residual stress in the weld so as to avoid cratering of the silicon die. In the present paper, finite element based numerical modelling is well described to understand the stress and the deformation behaviour during such deformation process. In addition, experiments have been conducted to validate the numerical prediction in terms of the ball deformation. Numerical results show that maximum stress is induced at the SiO2 interface during the peak impact load application. Additionally the effect of additional ultrasonic energy during ball deformation and the growth of the intermetallics on the gold wirebond's integrity are discussed in detail.
Determinants of specificity in coagulation proteases

Summary. Proteases play diverse roles in a variety of essential biological processes, both as non‐specific catalysts of protein degradation and as highly specific agents that control physiologic events. Here, we review the mechanisms of substrate specificity employed by serine proteases and focus our discussion on coagulation proteases. We dissect the interplay between active site and exosite specificity and how substrate recognition is regulated allosterically by Na+ binding. We also draw attention to a functional polarity that exists in the serine protease fold, which sheds light on the structural linkages between the active site and exosites.
Development of a software module for feature extraction and classification of EMG signals

When the upper limb is amputated or lost, a prosthetic device play an important role in rehabilitation. Prosthetics are available in the form of myoelectric devices. These devices work by sensing the Electromyogram (EMG) signals, through electrodes, when the muscles in the upper arm move, this makes an artificial hand to move accordingly. EMG signals cannot be used directly in raw form to control any prosthetic, it needs to be processed before controlling any device. Different techniques are available for processing the EMG signals. Present paper has used the wavelet transform method to obtain the characteristics or features of EMG signals and then fuzzy controller has been applied on those features so that EMG signals can be used to make prosthetic device functional. NI Lab View, an efficient professional mathematical tool, has been used to process the EMG signals. EMG signals are acquired with the help of sensors placed on the skin and Data Acquisition System. Results of the experiment shows that the developed software module is an effective method to process the EMG signals and can be used for prosthetic devices.
MICROMETRICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPINAL CORD OF GOAT FOETUSES *

Micrometrical studies during the prenatal development of spinal cord in goat revealed that the cervical enlargement had the maximum height at all ages, with maximum gray matter and dorsal horn height except at fifth month, where it was at the lumbosacral enlargement. The maximum ventral horn height was also seen at the enlargements. Sparing a few exceptions, the percentage contribution of gray matter height, dorsal horn height and ventral horn height to the total spinal cord height showed a decreasing trend during gestation owing to a corresponding increase in the ventral funiculus. The gray matter height expressed as percentage of spinal cord height, was maximum at the lumbosacral enlargement. The greatest values for total width of spinal cord and distance from central canal to spinal cord left margin varied between cervical and lumbosacral enlargements at different stages of gestation. The total width of spinal cord was greater than the height during gestation except in the thoracic region during second month. Dorsal and ventral horns were wider at enlargements. The percentage of gray matter width decreased after third month of gestation indicating a comparative increase in the growth of lateral funiculus during later stages of gestation. Vertical gray matter percentage decreased after second month indicating an early growth of ventral funiculus.
Transmutation of high‐level nuclear waste by means of accelerator driven system

To be able to answer the worlds’ increasing demand for energy, nuclear energy must be part of the energy basket. The generation of nuclear energy produces, besides energy, also high‐level nuclear waste, which is nowadays for geological storage. Transmutation of the minor actinides and long‐lived fission products that arise from the reprocessing of the nuclear waste can reduce the radiological impact of these radioactive elements. Transmutation can be completed in an efficient way in fast neutron spectrum facilities. Both critical fast reactors and subcritical accelerator driven systems are potential candidates as dedicated transmutation systems. Nevertheless, an accelerator driven system operates in a flexible and safer manner even with a core loading containing a high amount of minor actinides leading to a high more‐efficient transmutation approach. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:60–69. doi: 10.1002/wene.82
Induction of transplantation tolerance in non-human primate preclinical models

Short-term outcomes following organ transplantation have improved considerably since the availability of cyclosporine ushered in the modern era of immunosuppression. In spite of this, many of the current limitations to progress in the field are directly related to the existing practice of relatively non-specific immunosuppression. These include increased risks of opportunistic infection and cancer, and toxicity associated with long-term immunosuppressive drug exposure. In addition, long-term graft loss continues to result in part from a failure to adequately control the anti-donor immune response. The development of a safe and reliable means of inducing tolerance would ameliorate these issues and improve the lives of transplant recipients, yet given the improving clinical standard of care, the translation of new therapies has become appropriately more cautious and dependent on increasingly predictive preclinical models. While convenient and easy to use, rodent tolerance models have not to date been reliably capable of predicting a therapy's potential efficacy in humans. Non-human primates possess an immune system that more closely approximates that found in humans, and have served as a more rigorous preclinical testing ground for novel therapies. Prior to clinical adaptation therefore, tolerance regimens should be vetted in non-human primates to ensure that there is sufficient potential for efficacy to justify the risk of its application.
Estimating the minimum number of robots to finish given multi-objects task

In this paper, we propose a method that could solve the problem of estimating the minimum number of robots to finish the given multi-objects task. The criterion of estimating the robots includes the time consumption of motion on the trajectory and the work on the multi-objects. Our proposed method builds the roadmap to compute the cost of motion between objects and then builds the network with the motion and work cost. To satisfy the specified efficiency, the optimization algorithm of network is used to compute the minimum number of robots which can finish the task. An implementation example is presented and possible further research directions are presented as well.
Rigid Body Spring Model for Large Aggregate Concrete

Based on the fundamental test data and the mesoscopic approach, a rigid body spring model is developed for simulation of the behavior of large aggregate concrete subjected to uniaxial or multiaxial load. Firstly, the concrete is treated as a three-phase inhomogeneous system; random aggregate model for fully-graded concrete is used to form the aggregate distribution. Then, based on the rigid body spring discrete element model, a procedure for mesoscopic study behaviour of large aggregate concrete under the two-dimensional stress state is given. At last, the comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that this method could effectively describe the failure behavior of large aggregate concrete under various plane stress state.