Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak Compliance Undermines the Success of No-Take Zones in a Large Government-Controlled Marine Protected Area

The effectiveness of marine protected areas depends largely on whether people comply with the rules. We quantified temporal changes in benthic composition, reef fish biomass, and fishing effort among marine park zones (including no-take areas) to assess levels of compliance following the 2005 rezoning of the government-controlled Karimunjawa National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Four years after the rezoning awareness of fishing regulations was high amongst local fishers, ranging from 79.5±7.9 (SE) % for spatial restrictions to 97.7±1.2% for bans on the use of poisons. Despite this high awareness and strong compliance with gear restrictions, compliance with spatial restrictions was weak. In the four years following the rezoning reef fish biomass declined across all zones within KNP, with >50% reduction within the no-take Core and Protection Zones. These declines were primarily driven by decreases in the biomass of groups targeted by local fishers; planktivores, herbivores, piscivores, and invertivores. These declines in fish biomass were not driven by changes in habitat quality; coral cover increased in all zones, possibly as a result of a shift in fishing gears from those which can damage reefs (i.e., nets) to those which cause little direct damage (i.e., handlines and spears). Direct observations of fishing activities in 2009 revealed there was limited variation in fishing effort between zones in which fishing was allowed or prohibited. The apparent willingness of the KNP communities to comply with gear restrictions, but not spatial restrictions is difficult to explain and highlights the complexities of the social and economic dynamics that influence the ecological success of marine protected areas. Clearly the increased and high awareness of fishery restrictions following the rezoning is a positive step. The challenge now is to understand and foster the conditions that may facilitate compliance with spatial restrictions within KNP and marine parks worldwide.
Gene Sets Analysis using Network Patterns

High throughput assays allow researchers to identify sets of genes related to experimental conditions or phenotypes of interest. These gene sets are frequently subjected to functional interpretation using databases of gene annotations. Recent approaches have extended this approach to also consider networks of gene-gene relationships and interactions when attempting to characterize properties of a gene set. We present here a supervised learning algorithm for gene set analysis, called ‘GeneSet MAPR’, that for the first time explicitly considers the patterns of direct as well as indirect relationships present in the network to quantify gene-gene similarities and then report shared properties of the gene set. Our extensive evaluations show that GeneSet MAPR performs better than other network-based methods for the task of identifying genes related to a given gene set, enabling more reliable functional characterizations of the gene set. When applied to the set of response-associated genes from a triple negative breast cancer study, GeneSet MAPR uncovers gene families such as claudins, kallikreins, and collagen type alpha chains related to patient’s response to treatment, and which are not uncovered with traditional analysis.
Structure-Aware Adaptive Diffusion for Video Saliency Detection

This paper proposes a novel saliency model that reveals the long-term info to boost detection accuracy. The saliency estimation of conventional methods heavily depends on the locally revealed short-term info, and they could easily be trapped into imperfect configurations. In contrast, our method can take full consideration of common consistency of those reliable low-level predictions from the perspective of the entire video sequence. Meanwhile, we adopt a newly designed self-learning strategy which is guided by the low-rank analysis to adaptively reveal the long-term spatial–temporal video coherency. To avoid the error accumulations, we also propose a novel non-local descriptor to enhance the discriminative power of the feature space. Thus, the newly revealed the long-term info can be directly regarded as a trustful indicator to sustain additional low-rank analysis, which would serve as the basis toward selective fusion and significantly enhance the detection accuracy.
HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES-ACCOMPANYING PROLONGED OCULAR CHLORAMPHENICOL ADMINISTRATION IN LABORATORY RABBITS.

The toxic effect of ocular chloramphenicol on haematological parameters was studied in laboratory rabbits; Oryctolagus cuniculus while the haemotoxic effect of oral chloramphenicol provided the basis for comparison. 20 adult male rabbits were randomly but equally divided into two main groups based on the route of administration of the drug (i.e ocular or oral). In each group of ten rabbits equal number of rabbits were randomly divided into test (n=5) and control (n=5) subgroups. Oral chloramphenicol was administered at a dosage of 500mg twice daily for 21 days. Drops of ocular chloramphenicol were administered on the conjunctiva of the animals thrice daily over the same period of time. The control animals were administered with 0.9% physiological saline orally and distilled water administered ocularly. Ocular chloramphenicol produced no significant changes in the haematological parameters evaluated on the 11th and 22nd days. Conversely oral chloramphenicol was observed to significantly (P erythrocyte count, PCV, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and neutrophils progressively by the 11th and 22nd days. Ocular chloramphenicol was confirmed to have no dose-dependent haemotoxic effect however the possibility of idiosyncratic aplastic anaemia is highlighted in this study.
Employing Social Network Analysis to Examine the Social Participation of Students Identified as Having Special Educational Needs and Disabilities

ABSTRACT The number of students with identified Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in mainstream schools has been rising in the last three decades, primarily due to policy changes promoting inclusive education. However, many of these students remain socially isolated despite expectations that inclusion may lead to enhanced outcomes, particularly social outcomes. This paper draws on a study conducted in three countries; Cyprus, Spain, and Switzerland. A critical case study design, grounded in social capital theory, was adopted to examine the concept of social participation from a social network perspective in six Grade 4 classrooms, two in each country. Data were collected through 109 network surveys. Network maps for each classroom were developed, and social network measures were calculated. The findings from each case/classroom were encouraging in terms of the social participation of students with SEND and have provided a layer for understanding social responsiveness and inclusion of each classroom. The social participation for many students with SEND was found to be comparable to peers without SEND.
Study on the Reduction of Vibration and Acoustic Noise in the Switched Reluctance Motor

Though switched reluctance motor (SRM) has some excellent advantages, the acoustic noise, induced by the stator vibration, is one of the major drawbacks for the SRM. So how to reduce the vibration and acoustic noise in the SRM is the key problem at present . Several studies have showed that the main vibration and acoustic noise is saliently related to the configuration, geometry and stator pole shapes of the SRM. A new design for noise reduction is then presented in this paper, based on the analysis on the main noise source in SRM. The new reduction design concerns a SRM with a new stator pole shape. Using this new method, simulations supported by Ansys(a finite element analysis software in magnetic field)shows that the vibration and acoustic noise ,compared with the old method, can be reduced dramatically.
Energy-Efficient Spatial Modulation Over MIMO Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

In this paper, an energy-efficient spatial modulation (SM), which is called joint space and time dispersion modulation (STdM), is proposed for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channel. The proposed scheme extends the recent concept of SM to both space and time dispersion dimensions. Specifically, in the STdM scheme, only 1 out of Nt transmit antennas (TAs) is active in 1 out of L-1 channel time slots, where Nt and L are the number of TAs and the channel time dispersion length, respectively. Moreover, the information is carried by three units: active-channel time-slot index, active-antenna index, and modulation symbol. Compared with SM, the proposed STdM employs a new dimension, i.e., the passive-channel time slot, to convey information. Therefore, the proposed STdM is expected to have energy efficiency superiority over SM, similar to the superiority of SM over the conventional MIMO scheme, which is then validated by simulations.
PXR and CAR: Nuclear Receptors which Play a Pivotal Role in Drug Disposition and Chemical Toxicity

Xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification is regulated by receptors (e.g., PXR, CAR) whose characterization has contributed significantly to our understanding of drug responses in humans. Technologies facilitating the screening of compounds for receptor interactions provide valuable tools applicable in drug development. Most use in vitro systems or mice humanized for receptors in vivo. In vitro assays are limited by the reporter systems and cell lines chosen and are uninformative about effects in vivo. Humanized mouse models provide novel, exciting ways of understanding the functions of these genes. This article evaluates these technologies and current knowledge on PXR/CAR-mediated regulation of gene expression.
Phase transitions in an interacting boson model with near-neighbor repulsion.

We study the order of the zero temperature quantum phase transitions at density \ensuremath{\rho}=1 in the one-dimensional extended boson Hubbard model by examining the order parameter distribution and hysteresis effects. The phase diagram of the model at \ensuremath{\rho}=1/2, a generalization of the spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian, is also obtained, and the possibility of a supersolid region is discussed.
A Doubly Fed Induction Generator Controlled in Single-Sided Grid Connection for Wind Turbines

This paper proposes a configuration of wind turbine using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in single-sided grid connection. The stator of the machine is connected with a direct power grid, and the rotor is controlled by an inverter without any external power source. This is called a single external feeding of DFIG (SEF-DFIG). The conventional DFIG uses an additional grid power converter to regulate the rotor power; but in SEF-DFIG, the external source of a grid power is only connected to the stator windings. Due to this feature, the rotor-side inverter can be integrated on the rotor without any slip ring. In this paper, for applying the proposed scheme to the wind turbine, the performances of the generating operation are analyzed. The experimental results of a 2.4-kW DFIM system are presented to prove the feasibility of the proposed system and method.
Signaling and Regulation Cdc 42 and the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Ect 2 and Trio Mediate Fn 14-Induced Migration and Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells

Malignant glioblastomas are characterized by their ability to infiltrate into normal brain.We previously reported that binding of the multifunctional cytokine TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) to its receptor fibroblast growth factor–inducible 14 (Fn14) induces glioblastoma cell invasion via Rac1 activation. Here, we show that Cdc42 plays an essential role in Fn14-mediated activation of Rac1. TWEAK-treated glioma cells display an increased activation of Cdc42, and depletion of Cdc42 using siRNA abolishes TWEAK-induced Rac1 activation and abrogates glioma cell migration and invasion. In contrast, Rac1 depletion does not affect Cdc42 activation by Fn14, showing that Cdc42mediates TWEAK-stimulated Rac1 activation. Furthermore, we identified two guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF), Ect2 and Trio, involved in TWEAK-induced activation of Cdc42 and Rac1, respectively. Depletion of Ect2 abrogates both TWEAK-induced Cdc42 and Rac1 activation, as well as subsequent TWEAK-Fn14–directed glioma cell migration and invasion. In contrast, Trio depletion inhibits TWEAK-induced Rac1 activation but not TWEAK-induced Cdc42 activation. Finally, inappropriate expression of Fn14 or Ect2 in mouse astrocytes in vivo using an RCAS vector system for glial-specific gene transfer in G-tva transgenic mice induces astrocyte migration within the brain, corroborating the in vitro importance of the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling cascade in glioblastoma invasion. Our results suggest that the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis stimulates glioma cell migration and invasion through twoGEF-GTPase signaling units, Ect2-Cdc42 andTrio-Rac1. Components of the Fn14-RhoGEF-RhoGTPase signaling pathway present innovative drug targets for glioma therapy.MolCancer Res; 10(7); 958–68. 2012 AACR.
Experimental verification of variable speed wind power generation system using permanent magnet synchronous generator by wind turbine emulator

This paper presents the experimental results of variable speed wind power generation system (VSWPGS) using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The back to back PWM converters are utilized as converters for the VSWPGS. The experimental results are obtained by the test bench using the wind turbine emulator. The wind turbine emulator are reproduced the behaviors of windmill by the servo motor drives. The mechanical torque reference to derive the servo motor is calculated from windmill wing profile, the wind velocity and windmill rotational speed. The VSWPGS using PMSG employs the vector control system to control the torque and speed of PMSG in the converter side. The windmill rotational speed is controlled to maximize the efficiency of wind turbine against wind speed in low-and middle-range. When the wind speeds exceeds the rated value, the windmill rotational speed and output power are controlled to be the rated values by the pitch angle control system. And the active power and reactive power are controlled in the inverter side, and generated power is sent to the grid-connected power generation while controlling the DC link voltage to be constant at the same time.
Larvicidal activity of some labiatae (lamiaceae) plant extracts from Turkey

Ethanol extracts of the aerial parts from five Labiatae (Lamiaceae) species, obtained from Antalya, Turkey, were tested for larvicidal activity against the house mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Third and fourth instar mortality from six concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of each plant extract were compared against the organophosphorus insecticide, temephos which is currently used for larval control. All plant extracts showed high larvicidal activity in 24 h exposure tests. Teucrium divaricatum Sieber was the most toxic, followed by Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. , Melissa officinalis L. , Salvia sclarea L. and Mentha pulegium L. with LC50 values of 18.6, 26.8, 39.1, 62.7 and 81.0 ppm, respectively. This study is the first to report on the larvicidal activity of ethanol extracts of these five plant species against C. pipiens. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
research paper: Role of the cold shock domain protein A in the transcriptional regulation of HBG expression

Impaired switching from fetal haemoglobin (HbF) to adult globin gene expression leads to hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) in adult life. This is of prime interest because elevated HbF levels ameliorate β‐thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia. Fetal haemoglobin levels are regulated by complex mechanisms involving factors linked or not to the β‐globin gene (HBB) locus. To search for factors putatively involved in the expression of the γ‐globin genes (HBG1, HBG2), we examined the reticulocyte transcriptome of three siblings who had different HbF levels and different degrees of β‐thalassaemia severity although they had the same ΗBA‐ and ΗΒB cluster genotypes. By mRNA differential display we isolated the cDNA coding for the cold shock domain protein A (CSDA), also known as dbpA, previously reported to interact in vitro with the HBG2 promoter. Expression studies performed in K562 and in primary erythroid cells showed an inverse relationship between HBG and CSDA expression levels. Functional studies performed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays in K562 cells demonstrated that CSDA is able to bind the HBG2 promoter and suppress its expression. Therefore, our study demonstrated that CSDA is a trans‐acting repressor factor of HBG expression and modulates the HPFH phenotype.
Determining optimal seasonal integration times of NDVI series for index-based livestock insurance in East Africa

Coarse-resolution NDVI time series, aggregated in space and time, are used as a seasonal forage scarcity index for an existing livestock insurance scheme in East Africa. Payouts are made to pastoral households if the index drops below a specific threshold, corresponding to drought conditions. This paper's aim is to improve the seasonal definitions used in the scheme and to evaluate options for further anticipating the payout in time. To achieve this, we first performed a phenological analysis of SPOT-VGT FAPAR series resulting in location-specific season start- and end-dates. The resulting seasonal definitions were then used for calculating a forage scarcity index from eMODIS NDVI. Subsequently we evaluated if high end-of-season index predictability was maintained when bringing end-dates of the temporal integration further forward in time. Cross-validated statistics showed that the payout time after drought can be advanced by 2-3 months, allowing pastoralists to take protective measures to safe their livestock.
Minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis grades 1-2: patient-reported clinical outcomes and cost-utility analysis.

BACKGROUND Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is the standard surgical treatment for patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis who do not respond to a 6-week course of conservative therapy. A number of morbidities are associated with the conventional open-TLIF method, so minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques for TLIF (MIS-TLIF) have been introduced to reduce the trauma to paraspinal muscles and hasten postoperative recovery. Because providing cost-effective medical treatment is a core initiative of healthcare reforms, a comparison of open-TLIF and MIS-TLIF must include a cost-utility analysis in addition to an analysis of clinical effectiveness. METHODS We compared patient-reported clinical functional outcomes and hospital direct costs in age-matched patients treated surgically with either open-TLIF or MIS-TLIF. Patients were followed for at least 1 year, and patient scores on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) were analyzed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and ≥1 year postoperatively in the 2 treatment groups. RESULTS Compared to their preoperative scores, patients in both the open-TLIF and MIS-TLIF groups had significant improvements in the ODI and VAS scores at each follow-up point, but no significant difference in functional outcome occurred between the open-TLIF and MIS-TLIF groups (P=0.46). However, open-TLIF is significantly more costly compared to MIS-TLIF (P=0.0002). CONCLUSION MIS-TLIF is a more cost-effective treatment than open-TLIF for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and is equally effective as the conventional open-TLIF procedure, although further financial analysis-including an analysis of indirect costs-is needed to better understand the full benefit of MIS-TLIF.
A Methodological Approach to Design of Soft Fingertips for Humanoid Robot Hands

This paper first describes the general lines of a methodological approach to design of soft fingers for humanoid robot hands. The method takes into consideration both functional aspects (related to grasp robustness and stability) and reliability aspects (as resistance to wear and tear, manufacturability, structural integratability, etc.). Then, some experimental results related to the evaluation of functional indexes are presented and discussed. Experiments have been performed on fingertips made of an inner rigid core covered by a soft layer, in order to simulate the behaviour of biological tissues covering an endo-skeletal structure. Effects of variables like thickness and hardness of material of the compliant layer have been investigated under different load conditions, to study their influence on the performance indexes.
Project Makespan Estimation: Computational Load of Interval and Point Estimates

The estimation of project completion time is to be repeated several times in the project planning phase to reach the optimal tradeoff between time, cost, and quality. Estimation procedures provide either an interval or a point estimate. The computational load of several estimation procedures is reviewed. A multiple polynomial regression model is provided for major interval estimation procedures and shows that the accuracy in the probability model for activities is the most influential factor. The computational time does not appear to be an impeding factor, though it is larger for MonteCarlo simulation, so that the computational time can be traded off in search of a simpler estimation procedure.
DOES TENAX ® EXTRACTION BASED DESORPTION MEASURE ( BIO ) AVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS ?

Tenax-resin has been originally developed for grabbing volatile organic compounds from gases. The resin is a porous polymer (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) and it has low affinity for water (floats on the surface). It has high affinity for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), thus capturing them efficiently from water. On the other hand, the HOCs can be quite easily be extracted from Tenax. Due to these properties Tenax has been applied to measure desorption of HOCs in sediment(and soil-) water systems. The Tenax extraction has indicated that HOCs sorbed to sediments can be modeled to belong to 2 or more compartments on the basis of rate of desorption (for example rapid, slow and very slow fractions). Following this it has been anticipated that mainly the rapidly desorbing fraction, obviously containing also the freely dissolved fraction, would be bioavailable. Several studies have been conducted to determine if Tenax extraction based desorption could be used to predict bioavailable fraction in sediments. In many cases the laboratory studies indicated that there is a relationship between the size of rapidly desorbing fraction or rate constant for the rapid fraction and bioavailability. However, there are some issues that we must be aware when using Tenax extraction. For example, it appears that ecological factors, such as species life and feeding habits affect the bioavailability in ways that cannot be detected by Tenax extraction.