Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TEREC: Trust Evaluation and Reputation Exchange for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in MANETs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are particularly vulnerable to attacks from malicious nodes as the reliability of all communication and data exchange on the network depends on collaboration of participating network nodes.In order to strengthen overall mobile network security and avoid attack, malicious nodes should be detected and appropriate measures taken, e.g. exclusion from network communications.In order to effectively identify malicious nodes we propose a system for Trust Evaluation and Reputation Exchange for Cooperative intrusion detection in MANETs (TEREC). Each node should monitor its directly connected neighbour nodes and resulting measurements and trust information should be gathered and exchanged cooperatively between all network nodes. These measurements when combined with information from other nodes can construct a node reputation value representing the trustworthiness of a specific network node.We propose to split reputation information into two values:trust and confidence. This allows each node to successively determine the reliability of other nodes without the need or reliance on a static, pre-established trust infrastructure (e.g.digital certificates) which requires significant overhead and can not be recovered once compromised.TEREC is evaluated via simulation and its performance measured in the presence of an increasing amount of malicious nodes. Evaluation results show that a benign majority of nodes prevail over malicious attacking nodes as they are able to accurately classify network nodes based on reputation estimations.
Aligning Semantic Graphs for Textual Inference and Machine Reading

This paper presents our work on textual inference and situates it within the context of the larger goals of machine reading. The textual inference task is to determine if the meaning of one text can be inferred from the meaning of another and from background knowledge. Our system generates semantic graphs as a representation of the meaning of a text. This paper presents new results for aligning pairs of semantic graphs, and proposes the application of natural logic to derive inference decisions from those aligned pairs. We consider this work as first steps toward a system able to demonstrate broad-coverage text understanding and learning
Where Is Our Field Going

The article presents the author's personal views and reflections regarding the status and trends of applied linguistics scholarship as of the Winter of 2010, drawing on his experiences as an editor of a research journal. The author points out several changes within the field he witnessed during his tenure as an editor between 2005 and 2010, but also points out the consistencies within the accepted literature. Conclusions are given suggesting the changes have been positive.
Investigating the multimodal nature of human communication: Insights from ERPs.

The multimodal nature of human communication has been well established. Yet few empirical studies have systematically examined the widely held belief that this form of perception is facilitated in comparison to unimodal or bimodal perception. In the current experiment we first explored the processing of unimodally presented facial expressions. Furthermore, auditory (prosodic and/or lexical- semantic) information was presented together with the visual information to investigate the processing of bimodal (facial and prosodic cues) and multimodal (facial, lexic, and prosodic cues) human communication. Participants engaged in an identity identification task, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were being recorded to examine early processing mechanisms as reflected in the P200 and N300 component. While the former component has repeatedly been linked to physical property stimulus processing, the latter has been linked to more evaluative "meaning-related" processing. A direct relationship between P200 and N300 amplitude and the number of information channels present was found. The multimodal-channel condition elicited the smallest amplitude in the P200 and N300 components, followed by an increased amplitude in each component for the bimodal-channel condition. The largest amplitude was observed for the unimodal condition. These data suggest that multimodal information induces clear facilitation in comparison to unimodal or bimodal information. The advantage of multimodal perception as reflected in the P200 and N300 components may thus reflect one of the mech- anisms allowing for fast and accurate information processing in human communication.
The six-minute walk test in healthy children: reliability and validity

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in healthy children. Chinese secondary school students were randomly recruited. They attended the current authors' unit on two occasions, separated by 2 weeks. Physical examination and standardised maximum incremental exercise testing on a treadmill were performed on the first visit. Spirometry and 6MWT were carried out on the second visit. A randomly selected subgroup was invited to return for repeat 6MWT at an interval of 2–4 weeks. Seventy-eight subjects were recruited; however, four failed to achieve maximal effort on exercise test. The final group included 43 young females and the mean±sd age of the subjects was 14.2±1.2 yrs. Physical examination was unremarkable in all cases. The mean±sd per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second was 91.4±10.2%. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by good correlation between the 6-min walking distance and maximum oxygen uptake determined on the exercise treadmill. Test–retest reliability was undertaken in 52 subjects, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was calculated as 0.94 (0.89–0.96). In addition, Bland and Altman plots demonstrated a high degree of repeatability. In healthy children, the 6-min walk test is a reliable and valid functional test for assessing exercise tolerance and endurance.
The Drosophila fused lobes Gene Encodes an N-Acetylglucosaminidase Involved in N-Glycan Processing*

Most processed, e.g. fucosylated, N-glycans on insect glycoproteins terminate in mannose, yet the relevant modifying enzymes require the prior action of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. This led to the hypothesis that a hexosaminidase acts during the course of N-glycan maturation. To determine whether the Drosophila melanogaster genome indeed encodes such an enzyme, a cDNA corresponding to fused lobes (fdl), a putative β-N-acetylglucosaminidase with a potential transmembrane domain, was cloned. When expressed in Pichia pastoris, the enzyme exhibited a substrate specificity similar to that previously described for a hexosaminidase activity from Sf-9 cells, i.e. it hydrolyzed exclusively the GlcNAc residue attached to the α1,3-linked mannose of the core pentasaccharide of N-glycans. It also hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide, but not chitooligosaccharides; in contrast, Drosophila HEXO1 and HEXO2 expressed in Pichia cleaved both these substrates but not N-glycans. The localization of recombinant FDL tagged with green fluorescent protein in Drosophila S2 cells by immunoelectron microscopy showed that this enzyme transits through the Golgi, is present on the plasma membrane and in multivesicular bodies, and is secreted. Finally, the N-glycans of two lines of fdl mutant flies were analyzed by mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of structures with terminal GlcNAc over those without (i.e. paucimannosidic N-glycans) was drastically increased in the fdl-deficient flies. Therefore, we conclude that the fdl gene encodes a novel hexosaminidase responsible for the occurrence of paucimannosidic N-glycans in Drosophila.
A Framework for the Redesign of K-12 Education in the Context of Current Educational Reform

The historical context for the development of the Learner-Centered Psychological Principles (LCPs) is summarized. This context includes a discussion of why the LCPs and their practices are particularly important in the current educational reform era. Implications for practice are provided, and the article concludes with how the LCPs can contribute to a national framework for the systemic redesign of K-20 education. The learner-centered framework provides validation for practices that achieve a balanced focus on both learning and learners. Research-validated principles establish a foundation for clarifying components of a positive learning environment at classroom and school levels that can increase the likelihood of more students experiencing success.
The Other Languages of Europe(Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives)

Part I Regional language in Europe: Basque in Spain and France, J. Cenoz Welsh in Great Britain, C. Williams Scottish Gaelic in Great Britain, B. Robertson Frisian in the Netherlands, D. Gorter, A. Riermersma and J. Ytsma Slovenian in Austria with a focus on Charinthia, B. Busch Swedish in Finland A-L Ostern national minority languages in Sweden, L. Huss. Part II Immigrant languages in Europe: Immigrant languages in Sweden, S. Boyd immigrant languages in Germany, with a focus on Hamburg and Hessen, I. Gogolin and H. Reich immigrant languages in the Netherlands, T. van der Avoird, P. Broeder and G. Extra community languages in Great Britain, V. Edwards and E. Reid immigrant language in France, D. Caubet and G. Vermes Arabic in Spain, B. Lopez Garcia and L. Mijares Molina Roma in Europe, P. Bakker. Part III Outlook from abroad: multingualism and multiculturalism in Canada, J. Edwards Spanish in the USA, with a focus on California, R. Macias majority and minority languages in South Africa, N. Alexander immigration and language policy in Australia, U. Ozolins and M. Clyne linguistic minorities in India, A. Choudhry languages in Turkey, K. Yamur languages in Morocco, J. Saib.
Identification of targets of miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 in fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer

The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by microRNA (miRNA)-221 and miRNA-222 that are associated with the resistance of breast cancer to fulvestrant. The GSE19777 transcription profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and includes data from three samples of antisense miRNA-221-transfected fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR breast cancer cells, three samples of antisense miRNA-222-transfected fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR cells and three samples of control inhibitor (green fluorescent protein)-treated fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR cells. The linear models for microarray data package in R/Bioconductor was employed to screen for DEGs in the miRNA-transfected cells, and the pheatmap package in R was used to perform two-way clustering. Pathway enrichment was conducted using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tool. Furthermore, a miRNA-messenger (m) RNA regulatory network depicting interactions between miRNA-targeted upregulated DEGs was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape. In total, 492 and 404 DEGs were identified for the antisense miRNA-221-transfected MCF7-FR cells and the antisense miRNA-222-transfected MCF7-FR cells, respectively. Genes of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were significantly enriched in the antisense miRNA-221-transfected MCF7-FR cells. In addition, components of the Wnt signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were significantly enriched in the antisense miRNA-222-transfected MCF7-FR cells. In the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, miRNA-222 was demonstrated to target protocadherin 10 (PCDH10). The results of the present study suggested that the PPP and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as CAMs and PCDH10, may be associated with the resistance of breast cancer to fulvestrant.
Coaching Fathers in Conflict: A Review of the Tensions Surrounding the Work-Family Interface

The work-family interface continues to be an important research area as the positive (Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, & Grzywacz, 2006; Greenhaus & Powell, 2006; Parasuraman & Greenhaus, 2002; Sieber, 1974) and negative (Duxbury, Lyons, & Higgins, 2011; Frone, Russell, & Barnes, 1996; Greenhaus & Parasuraman, 1999; Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, & Rosenthal, 1964; Mullen, Kelley, & Kelloway, 2011; Netemeyer, Boles, & McMurrian, 1996) consequences of successfully balancing work and family have implications for both individuals and organizations. Within sport management, most research has focused on issues surrounding the work-family interface of coaching mothers (Bruening & Dixon, 2007; Dixon & Bruening, 2005, 2007; Dixon & Sagas, 2007; Schenewark & Dixon, 2012; Palmer & Leberman, 2009). Recent research outside of sport management suggests that fathers also perceive tension between work and family (Galinsky, Aumann, & Bond, 2011; Harrington, Van Deusen, & Humberd, 2011; Parker & Wang, 2013). Therefore, this article ex.
Decaffeinated therapeutic communities

Over the last 35 years we have developed a number of group therapy programs with an orientation toward community therapy. In the last 20 years, even though at certain centers we have maintained a milieu therapy focus, the programs have become less psychodynamic and less democratic – somewhat ‘decaffeinated’, in fact. This, however, does not mean they are less efficient from the point of view of dynamics, because our experience over the years has, in fact, shown the negative effects of the caffeine administered by certain lines of psychoanalytic action and ‘pseudo-democratic’ environments. Many people now consume ‘light’ products and drink decaffeinated coffee on medical advice, and this is what we have decided to do at our centers as we try to illustrate in this article.
Development of an image-guided robot for small animal research

We developed a robot system that can be used for image-guided experimental procedures on small animals, where the goal is to perform physical actions at specific positions identified on a preoperative image. The animal is first placed in a fixture that is compatible with all imaging systems of interest, including PET, SPECT, CT and MRI. After imaging, the fixture is attached and registered to the robot system, where the image-guided intervention is performed. This system has been applied to perform pO2 measurements with physical probes based on tumor hypoxia images obtained in an animal PET scanner. This paper focuses on the design and validation of the robot system. The validation is performed using a phantom and includes a new method for estimating the Fiducial Localization Error (FLE) that is based on the measured Fiducial Distance Error (FDE). The results indicate that the robot system can position the measurement probe at a defined target with a mean error that is less than 0.4 mm.
Turning Point Mechanisms in a Dualistic Process Model of Institutional Emergence: The Case of the Diesel Particulate Filter in Germany

Based on an in-depth case study investigating the emergence of a normative institution, namely the diesel particulate filter (DPF) as a de facto standard for diesel cars in Germany, this paper develops a dualistic process model of institutional emergence which reflects the fundamental oppositional character of institutional actors involved in a series of framing contests. The proposed model features distinct phases punctuated by turning point mechanisms that shape the process leading to institutional emergence. Three specific turning point mechanisms were identified: local objectification, movement legitimacy and critical actors taking action. This model provides a novel perspective on institutional emergence in that it explains shifts in contestation and the emergence of an institution as a temporal resolution reached through coercion rather than out of a consensus as several institutionalization models assume. The results also suggest that the industry under attack from a social movement tends to deploy buffering strategies in an attempt to protect itself. Finally, we outline future directions for studying processes around contested fields and turning point mechanisms.
Transfer appropriate processing for prospective memory tests

Transfer appropriate processing (TAP) is the assumption that retrospective memory test performance reflects the overlap between study and test phase processing. In a task analysis, we identify a similar sequential-type of processing overlap in prospective memory (ProM) situations. In addition, ProM test performance can also involve a concurrent overlap between processes engaged for an ongoing task and those required for recognizing relevant cues. A review of the ProM literature shows consistent TAP effects due to sequential processing overlap manipulations, but inconclusive findings for concurrent processing overlap manipulations. We examined the latter in a new experiment with young adult participants. The ongoing task required either semantic or perceptual processing of words, and the ProM task required either semantic or perceptual processing of words. Consistent with TAP, performance was higher when the ongoing task and the ProM task required the same kind of processing (i.e. semantic–semantic, perceptual–perceptual) rather than different kinds of processing (i.e. semantic–perceptual, perceptual–semantic). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulation of the σF Regulatory System in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT The transcription factors σF and σB are related RNA polymerase sigma factors that govern dissimilar networks of adaptation to stress conditions in Bacillus subtilis. The two factors are controlled by closely related regulatory pathways, involving protein kinases and phosphatases. We report that insulation of the σF pathway from the σB pathway involves the integrated action of both the cognate kinase and the cognate phosphatase.
A model for defining complexity in descriptive text type

This paper is an extension of previous research aimed at defining and explaining the notion of text complexity. Previous definitions of text complexity in the literature were mainly based on a conflation of this notion with that of processing difficulty, whose motivations were traced back in psychological filtering or, also and especially, in quantitative (rather than qualitative) text complications. The purpose of the present approach is first of all that of using theory-bound, objective, i.e. linguistic criteria capable of rendering text complexity identifiable independently of the contextual variable of text users, and secondly that of overcoming purely quantitative explanations. This paper will try to demonstrate that such results can be achieved by having recourse to a theory of complex systems as established in sciences, integrated in a theory of naturalness/markedness. According to the present theoretical model, complexity emerges as a consequence of marked linguistic and textual choices interplaying in the text and can be described and modelled with recourse to semiotic categories and textual perspectives. Its emergence is always motivated and can be explained and predicted. Markedness has different realizations across text types and accordingly generates different types of complexity. This paper especially concentrates on complexity in descriptive text type (description of stationary scenes as occurring in various genres), but will also touch upon the narrative type to show the general applicability of the model and the varied configurations of markedness and complexity across text types.
ATOMAS: A Transaction-oriented Open Multi Agent-System

The electronic marketplace of the future will consist of a large number of services located on an open, distributed and heterogeneous platform, which will be used by an even larger number of clients. Mobile Agent Systems are considered to be a precondition for the evolution of such an electronic market. They can provide a flexible infrastructure for this market, i.e. for the installation of new services by service agents as well as for the utilization of these services by client agents. Mobile Agent Systems basically consist of a number of locations and agents. Locations are (logical) abstractions for (physical) hosts in a computer network. The network of locations serves as a unique and homogeneous platform, while the underlying network of hosts may be heterogeneous and widely distributed. Locations therefore have to guarantee independence from the underlying hard- and software. To make the Mobile Agent System an open platform, the system furthermore has to guarantee security of hosts against malicious attacks.
Rule-Based Machine Translation for the Italian–Sardinian Language Pair

Abstract This paper describes the process of creation of the first machine translation system from Italian to Sardinian, a Romance language spoken on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. The project was carried out by a team of translators and computational linguists. The article focuses on the technology used (Rule-Based Machine Translation) and on some of the rules created, as well as on the orthographic model used for Sardinian.
Differential occurrence of CSF‐like activity and transforming activity of Mos during the cell cycle in fibroblasts.

The Xenopus c‐mos proto‐oncogene product, Mosxe, possesses cytostatic factor (CSF) activity to arrest maturing oocytes in metaphase II and has weak transforming activity in mouse NIH3T3 cells. We show that Mosxe mutants bearing ‘stabilizing’ penultimate N‐terminal amino acids are strongly transforming and can retard progression through the G2‐M phases in Mosxe‐transformed cells, probably via their CSF activity. On the other hand, a cyclin‐Mosxe fusion protein, which undergoes abrupt degradation at the end of mitosis and is restored to its normal levels only after the G1 phase, transforms cells much less efficiently than a mutated cyclin‐Mosxe fusion protein that is stable during M‐G1 transition. Moreover, in low‐serum medium, cells transformed by the unstable cyclin‐Mosxe require a long period to enter the S phase, in contrast with the rapid entry into the S phase of cells transformed by the stable cyclin‐Mosxe. These results provide strong evidence that unlike the physiological CSF activity, the transforming activity of Mos is exerted in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Geo-Social K-Cover Group Queries for Collaborative Spatial Computing

With the rapid development of location-aware mobile devices, ubiquitous Internet access and social computing technologies, lots of users' personal information, such as location data and social data, has been readily accessible from various mobile platforms and online social networks. The convergence of these two types of data, known as geo-social data, has enabled collaborative spatial computing that explicitly combines both location and social factors to answer useful geo-social queries for either business or social good. In this paper, we study a new type of Geo-Social K-Cover Group (GSKCG) queries that, given a set of query points and a social network, retrieves a minimum user group in which each user is socially related to at least k other users and the users' associated regions (e.g., familiar regions or service regions) can jointly cover all the query points. Albeit its practical usefulness, the GSKCG query problem is NP-complete. We consequently explore a set of effective pruning strategies to derive an efficient algorithm for finding the optimal solution. Moreover, we design a novel index structure tailored to our problem to further accelerate query processing. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our algorithm achieves desirable performance on real-life datasets.