Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L2 parameter “shifting” in the DP domain: developmental patterns in the acquisition of German possessive constructions

The present study aims at contributing to the debate on inconsistency in L2 parameter resetting (White 1990/1991, Hawkins 1993, Herschensohn 1998a, 2000) by adding new evidence on parameter resetting in the nominal domain and by discussing the role that internal factors (properties of the L1, Subset Principle) and external factors (negative evidence) may or may not have in such a process. Specifically, the acquisition of some aspects of the morphosyntax of German possessive constructions is investigated in a population of Italian adult learners (N=32) with different proficiency levels by means of two different elicitation procedures. The main findings sustain the hypothesis that certain parameters cannot be reset in an “all or nothing” manner in L2 acquisition, but are reset gradually (cf. Herschensohn 2000), regardless of their status with respect to the Subset Principle or the presence of negative evidence in the input. This is particularly evident in the intermediate stage of L2 acquisition, during which L2 learners are trying to abandon the L1 value for a given parameter, and, at the same time, they seem to test hypotheses about the L2 grammar.
Wide field of view compressive light field display using a multilayer architecture and tracked viewers

In this paper, we discuss an intuitive extension to compressive multilayer light field displays that greatly extends their field of view and depth of field. Rather than optimizing these displays to create a moderately narrow field of view at the center of the display, we constrain optimization to create narrow view cones that are directed to a few viewers' eyes, allowing the available display bandwidth to be utilized more efficiently. These narrow view cones follow the viewers, creating a wide apparent field of view. Imagery is also recalculated for the viewers' exact eye positions, creating a greater depth of field. The view cones can be scaled to match the positional error and latency of the tracking system. Using more efficient optimization and commodity tracking hardware and software, we demonstrate a real‐time, glasses‐free 3D display that offers a 100° × 40° field of view.
Cognitive impairment in older people: its implications for future demand for services and costs.

This study aimed to make projections, for the next 30 years, of future numbers of older people with cognitive impairment, their demand for long-term care services and the future costs of their care under a range of specified assumptions. Cognitive impairment is one of the manifestations of dementia. The most common dementia syndrome is Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), followed by vascular dementia (Henderson and Jorm, 2000). It also set out to explore the factors that are likely to affect future long-term care expenditure associated with cognitive impairment. These factors include, not only future numbers of older people and future prevalence rates of cognitive impairment, but also trends in household composition, provision of informal care, patterns of care services and the unit costs of care.
Prediction of fatigue crack growth

As an introduction the practical significance of fatigue crack growth life prediction is related to the service life, the inspection period and the fracture control requirements. Then different aspects of fatigue crack growth in metallic materials are discussed in more detail. Important effects such as chemical environment, short cracks, crack closure on the growth rate are considered as well as crack growth retardation and acceleration. On the basis of the results different crack growth models for prediction of fatigue crack growth are evaluated. Experimental methods for determination of the material parameters involved in the models are described. Finally, some criteria are given for selection of software for prediction of fatigue crack growth. Paper presented at The Advanced Seminar on Fracture Mechanics ASFM6 "Assessment of Cracked Components by Fracture Mechanics", 28 Sept. - 2 Oct. 1987, Ispra (Varese), Italy
Effect of bone particle size of carp (Cyprinus Carpio) heads in gelatin extraction

Gelatin properties of fish skin are different from mammals gelatins, however literature on gelatin from fish bones is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bone particle size of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) heads in the yield, melting point and gel strength of gelatin extracted from the bone fraction of carp heads. Four gelatin extractions were carried out for bones particle sizes of 1 and 2 mm, with pH and temperature of each extraction (5.3 – 60°C), (4.4 – 70°C), (3.8 – 80°C) and (3.6 – 85°C), respectively. Higher gelatin yield (4.86%) was found with particle size 1 mm. The higher gel strengths (128 and 131 g) were not significantly different, and they were found in the first extraction with bones particle sizes 1 and 2 mm, respectively. Using particle size of 2 mm, it was possible to obtain higher melting point values, of 28.5°C to the first extraction. All values of yield, melting point and gel strength of gelatin bones were lower than those found by the carp heads gelatin skins.
Electrical System Validation Methodology for Embedded DisplayPort

Embedded DisplayPort* (eDP) is one of the latest digital video standards. This paper describes an innovative idea for eDP System Marginality Validation (SMV). This solution defines an automatic test setup, including both hardware and software. The advantages of this solution are very low cost, wide validation coverage and good compatibility with customer's environment. This methodology can be applicable for validating any other video interface, although initially it was used to perform a system-level functional test of the eDP interface. SMV is a common approach used to indicate a system's health and stability, which, in turn, can be used to determine whether or not a product should be transferred into High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) phase. The main advantages of the methodology described in this document are: • No need of logic analyzer (LA) – ~100 K$ cost saving per setup. • Wide coverage: supports all possible resolutions up to 2560 x 1600. • Good signal integrity (SI) achieved by using a standard DP Rx and no signal probing. The Intel® Embedded Design Center provides qualified developers with web-based access to technical resources. Access Intel Confidential design materials, step-by step guidance, application reference solutions, training, Intel's tool loaner program, and connect with an e-help desk and the embedded community.
Skeleton Constrained Dual-Resolution Modeling for Sketch-Based Deformation

—In this paper, a dual-resolution modeling framework for a sketch-based animation editing system is presented. For the easy-to-use purpose, a sketch-based user interface is often used for editing a skeleton-based animation model. However, due to the loss of relationship information about the details of the model, a shape deformed from the skeleton in some cases will produce unexpected artifacts. To reduce these artifacts, in our system, we ﬁrst generate a coarse mesh as an abstract layer from the input model based on quadratic error metrics while considering the skeleton constraints. Then, the original model is projected to the abstract layer to construct a displacement map to preserve the difference between the original model and the simpliﬁed one. Hence, when we apply a Laplacian-based smoothing operator to reduce the deforming artifacts, the smoothing operator can only be applied to the coarse mesh and provide the corresponding changes to the original model to obtain a smooth but feature preserved editing result.
An ease of use evaluation of an integrated document processing system

Designers of systems intended to be easy to use have many guidelines available to them in the literature. Most of these recommendations are based on the intuition and experiences of particular designers with particular systems. Very few of them have been evaluated experimentally, so one must be cautious not to attribute more authority to these guidelines than they deserve [6]. This paper summarizes the results of an experimental evaluation of the Etude text processing system [8]. Section 2 provides a brief overview of Etude. Section 3 describes the development of suitable ease of use criteria. Section 4 presents the experimental protocol. Section 5 discusses the results of the evaluation. A complete description of the experiment can be found in [7].
Preserving Differential Privacy in Degree-Correlation based Graph Generation

Enabling accurate analysis of social network data while preserving differential privacy has been challenging since graph features such as cluster coefficient often have high sensitivity, which is different from traditional aggregate functions (e.g., count and sum) on tabular data. In this paper, we study the problem of enforcing edge differential privacy in graph generation. The idea is to enforce differential privacy on graph model parameters learned from the original network and then generate the graphs for releasing using the graph model with the private parameters. In particular, we develop a differential privacy preserving graph generator based on the dK-graph generation model. We first derive from the original graph various parameters (i.e., degree correlations) used in the dK-graph model, then enforce edge differential privacy on the learned parameters, and finally use the dK-graph model with the perturbed parameters to generate graphs. For the 2K-graph model, we enforce the edge differential privacy by calibrating noise based on the smooth sensitivity, rather than the global sensitivity. By doing this, we achieve the strict differential privacy guarantee with smaller magnitude noise. We conduct experiments on four real networks and compare the performance of our private dK-graph models with the stochastic Kronecker graph generation model in terms of utility and privacy tradeoff. Empirical evaluations show the developed private dK-graph generation models significantly outperform the approach based on the stochastic Kronecker generation model.
Dynamic electro-thermal simulation of microsystems—a review

An overview of electro-thermal modeling of microsystems is presented. We consider the most important coupling between thermal and electrical phenomena, and then focus on the industry's central concern, that of Joule heating. A description of different solution approaches for the heat transfer partial differential equation, which constitutes the central part of electro-thermal simulation, is given. We briefly review the analytical solutions and consider further the numerical approaches, which are based on spatial discretization of the thermal domain. Lastly, we describe the final level of approximation, the dynamic compact thermal modeling. We emphasize the formal model order reduction methods, because they directly follow the spatial discretization, and thus preserve the investment into the finite element modeling.
The effect of noise upon polar-display instantaneous frequency measurement

This system's rms frequency-measurement error due to noise is calculated, and the effect of a limiter upon IFM performance at high input signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) is determined. At high SNR's, IFM performance with or without a limiter is similar to that of a limiter and discriminator. However, the IFM threshold can be higher (when BT=1) or lower (when BT≫1) than that of a limiter and discriminator, and IFM accuracy exceeds that of the latter at SNR's below the limiter-discriminator threshold. The IFM threshold is not due to Rice's `click' phenomenon but, rather, to second-order noise×noise effects like those in the square-law demodulation of an AM signal, which result in a more gradual decline in performance with decreasing SNR.
Speaker-adaptive multimodal prediction model for listener responses

The goal of this paper is to analyze and model the variability in speaking styles in dyadic interactions and build a predictive algorithm for listener responses that is able to adapt to these different styles. The end result of this research will be a virtual human able to automatically respond to a human speaker with proper listener responses (e.g., head nods). Our novel speaker-adaptive prediction model is created from a corpus of dyadic interactions where speaker variability is analyzed to identify a subset of prototypical speaker styles. During a live interaction our prediction model automatically identifies the closest prototypical speaker style and predicts listener responses based on this ``communicative style". Central to our approach is the idea of ``speaker profile" which uniquely identifies each speaker and enables the matching between prototypical speakers and new speakers. The paper shows the merits of our speaker-adaptive listener response prediction model by showing improvement over a state-of-the-art approach which does not adapt to the speaker. Besides the merits of speaker-adapta-tion, our experiments highlights the importance of using multimodal features when comparing speakers to select the closest prototypical speaker style.
Approximation of Bayesian Inverse Problems for PDEs

Inverse problems are often ill posed, with solutions that depend sensitively on data. In any numerical approach to the solution of such problems, regularization of some form is needed to counteract the resulting instability. This paper is based on an approach to regularization, employing a Bayesian formulation of the problem, which leads to a notion of well posedness for inverse problems, at the level of probability measures. The stability which results from this well posedness may be used as the basis for quantifying the approximation, in finite dimensional spaces, of inverse problems for functions. This paper contains a theory which utilizes this stability property to estimate the distance between the true and approximate posterior distributions, in the Hellinger metric, in terms of error estimates for approximation of the underlying forward problem. This is potentially useful as it allows for the transfer of estimates from the numerical analysis of forward problems into estimates for the solution of the related inverse problem. It is noteworthy that, when the prior is a Gaussian random field model, controlling differences in the Hellinger metric leads to control on the differences between expected values of polynomially bounded functions and operators, including the mean and covariance operator. The ideas are applied to some non-Gaussian inverse problems where the goal is determination of the initial condition for the Stokes or Navier-Stokes equation from Lagrangian and Eulerian observations, respectively.
Joint channel and parameter estimation for combined communication and navigation using particle swarm optimization

In this paper, a new method for joint channel and parameter estimation in the framework of combined communication and navigation is investigated. The basic idea is to estimate the parameters needed for positioning from the channel impulse response: In the estimator not only the channel coefficients of the equivalent discrete-time channel model are estimated, but also the parameters of the physical channel including the propagation delay of the line-of-sight path. A priori information about the pulse shaping filter and the receive filter are used. The estimator is based on the maximum-likelihood principle, which leads to a nonlinear minimization problem. The corresponding metric is minimized by particle swarm optimization, which is a simple global optimization algorithm that does not use any gradient information. The performance of the estimator is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The results are compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bound and it is shown that the estimator is asymptotically optimal and efficient. The mean squared error of the channel estimates is decreased compared to the mean squared error of standard least squares channel estimates.
Interpretation of High Projections for Global-Mean Warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently released its Third Assessment Report (TAR), in which new projections are given for global-mean warming in the absence of policies to limit climate change. The full warming range over 1990 to 2100, 1.4° to 5.8°C, is substantially higher than the range given previously in the IPCC Second Assessment Report. Here we interpret the new warming range in probabilistic terms, accounting for uncertainties in emissions, the climate sensitivity, the carbon cycle, ocean mixing, and aerosol forcing. We show that the probabilities of warming values at both the high and low ends of the TAR range are very low. In the absence of climate-mitigation policies, the 90% probability interval for 1990 to 2100 warming is 1.7° to 4.9°C.
A consistency-based validation for data clustering

Clustering analysis is a powerful tool in customer segmentation. Although various algorithms have been proposed, the determination of the optimal number of clusters remains to be a difficult issue. In this paper, a clustering method based on consistency criterion is proposed to address this issue. The main characteristic of the new approach is that it requires little prior information and can find the optimal number of clusters automatically. Extensive comparisons are done over 22 real-world datasets from different domains, in which four well-known clustering algorithms in combination with six clustering indices are used as the benchmark methods. The results demonstrate the superiority of our method in appropriately determining the number of clusters. An application of the new approach in customer segmentation of credit card users is also illustrated.
Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning

Purpose – This paper aims to inform design strategies for smart space technology to enhance libraries as environments for coworking and informal social learning. The focus is on understanding user motivations, behaviour, and activities in the library when there is no programmed agenda.Design/methodology/approach – The study analyses gathered data over five months of ethnographic research at The Edge – a “bookless” library space at the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, that is explicitly dedicated to coworking, social learning, peer collaboration, and creativity around digital culture and technology.Findings – The results present five personas that embody people's main usage patterns as well as motivations, attitudes, and perceived barriers to social learning. It appears that most users work individually or within pre‐organised groups, but usually do not make new connections with co‐present, unacquainted users. Based on the personas, four hybrid design dimensions are suggested to improve .
Reduced capacity but spared precision and maintenance of working memory representations in schizophrenia.

CONTEXT Working memory deficits are considered a core feature of schizophrenia. Several recent integrative articles have offered mechanistic computational and neurobiological models of the origins of this cognitive deficit. OBJECTIVE To test predictions of these models using a new experimental paradigm from the basic science literature that makes it possible to determine whether patients with schizophrenia show (1) deficits in working memory storage capacity, (2) deficits in the precision of working memory representations, and (3) an amplification of these deficits as the retention interval increases. DESIGN Case-control design. All subjects performed a color working memory test in which they were asked to recall 3 or 4 items after a 1- or 4-second delay. All subjects also received a standard measure of intelligence and the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery. SETTING A tertiary care research outpatient clinic. Patients A total of 31 clinically stable patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 26 healthy volunteers participated. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, and ethnicity distribution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) The number of items stored in working memory and (2) the precision of the working memory representations. RESULTS Patients showed a clear reduction in the number of items stored in working memory. Patients did not differ from controls in the precision of their working memory representations. There was no evidence of delay-related amplification of impairment in either capacity or precision. CONCLUSIONS Patients do not show the type of imprecision or delay-dependent amplification of impairment that is predicted on the basis of current models of the neurobiology of schizophrenia. The models need to be revised to account for a pure reduction in the number of items that patients are able to store in working memory.
Analyst Coverage and Real Earnings Management: Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Abstract We study how securities analysts influence managers’ use of different types of earnings management. To isolate causality, we employ a quasi-experiment that exploits exogenous reductions in analyst following resulting from brokerage house mergers. We find that managers respond to the coverage loss by decreasing real earnings management while increasing accrual manipulation. These effects are significantly stronger among firms with less coverage and for firms close to the zero-earnings threshold. Our causal evidence suggests that managers use real earnings management to enhance short-term performance in response to analyst pressure, effects that are not uncovered when focusing solely on accrual-based methods.
Module diversification: Fault tolerance and aging mitigation for runtime reconfigurable architectures

Runtime reconfigurable architectures based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are attractive for realizing complex applications. However, being manufactured in latest semiconductor process technologies, FPGAs are increasingly prone to aging effects, which reduce the reliability of such systems and must be tackled by aging mitigation and application of fault tolerance techniques. This paper presents module diversification, a novel design method that creates different configurations for runtime reconfigurable modules. Our method provides fault tolerance by creating the minimal number of configurations such that for any faulty Configurable Logic Block (CLB) there is at least one configuration that does not use that CLB. Additionally, we determine the fraction of time that each configuration should be used to balance the stress and to mitigate the aging process in FPGA-based runtime reconfigurable systems. The generated configurations significantly improve reliability by fault-tolerance and aging mitigation.
A survey on electric vehicle powertrain systems

This study covers various aspects of powertrain systems for battery electric vehicles with main focus on front axes driven vehicles. A brief comparison of conventional and electrical powertrain regarding the driveability issues is presented in order to indicate the performance benefits of electrical machines into the vehicle applications. System level differences between internal combustion engine and electrical machine are given. As the most commonly used electrical machine types, a comparison of induction machine and interior permanent magnet synchronous machine is given. Main features of motor drives in industrial and electric vehicle applications are compared and system integration issues are discussed. As case study, electric version of FIAT New Doblo is presented including the test results on acceleration performance. Impact of vehicle weight on traction power demand is analysed both analytically and experimentally. Important research and development fields for motor drives in electric vehicles are highlighted considering the cost reduction, efficiency and reliability issues in automotive.