Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of 4,4'-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone) on leukemia L1210.

A new aromatic bisguanylhydrazone derivative, 4,4′-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone), markedly prolonged the survival of DBA/2Ha and DBA/2J mice inoculated i.p. or s.c. with leukemia L1210. Drug-induced 50-day cures of leukemic mice occurred with a higher incidence in DBA/2Ha than in DBA/2J mice, and in female than in male mice. The drug was active by parenteral but not by oral route of administration. Single or repeated doses were most effective when given early after tumor inoculation. The effectiveness of 4,4′-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone) was reduced when treatment was started 1–2 days prior to the day of death of untreated leukemic mice or when L1210 was inoculated directly into the brain. The selectivity of the antileukemic action of 4,4′-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone) was evidenced by the high therapeutic index of the drug, and by data indicating that the compound acted in conjunction with host defenses directed against the leukemia. By the i.p. route of injection, the potency and the therapeutic index of the new drug were much greater than those of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone). No cross-resistance occurred between these 2 compounds, or between 4,4′-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone) and arabinosyl cytosine. In contrast, the new bisguanylhydrazone was not active against a terephthalanilide-resistant subline of leukemia L1210. Marked synergistic antileukemic effects were observed when 4,4′-diacetyl-diphenyl-urea-bis(guanylhydrazone) was given in combination with arabinosyl cytosine. Because of the unusual potency of the new agent alone or in combination with arabinosyl cytosine, the clinical trial of this bisguanylhydrazone has been initiated.
Personal Mastery and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Grandmothers

This study examined the association between relationship quality, personal mastery, and psychological well-being among 83 young Black and White American grandmothers in families with teenage mothers. Interviews were conducted during the early stages of adaptation to grandparenthood due to the birth of a baby to a teenage daughter. Findings indicated that the effects of the mother–daughter relationship are mediated through mastery. When grandmothers feel a sense of mastery, the conflict with the teenage mother is not as detrimental to their psychological health. Findings are discussed in the context of developing supportive services for grandmothers in families with teenage mothers.
International outsourcing versus FDI under contractual incompleteness

This paper empirically analyses the boundaries of a large sample of Italian multinational enterprises, with firm-level data from Capitalia, AIDA and Centrale dei Bilanci. Within the broad array of feasible contracts in a foreign country, we focus on the trade-off between international outsourcing and foreign direct investment (FDI), in a context of contractual incompleteness. Probit estimates reveal that Italian enterprises operating in highly relation-specific environments are more prone to international outsourcing than FDI, consistently with recent theoretical contributions on the topic. Results are robust to different specifications and alternative measures of contractual incompleteness and international outsourcing.
Isolation of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis strains from humans and ticks and its multispacer typing.

Tick-borne rickettsiosis in the far east of Russia was simultaneously observed in 1932 in two neighbouring territories: in the Primorye (Maritime) region by E. I. Mill and in the Khabarovsk region by N. I. Antonov and A. G. Naishtat [1,2]. The described illness was acute and febrile; skin manifestation presented with maculopapular rash, sometimes petechial. Typical epidemiology included tick bite 3–5 days before the onset of the disease. Based on these facts, Mill proposed a name of Primorye tick-borne fever; studying the same problem independently, Antonov and Naishtat proposed to call it Far-Eastern tick-borne typhus. Later, in 1935–1939, a similar disease was found in central Siberia in the Krasnoyarsk region. The aetiology of the disease remained unknown, although rickettsial origin was evident; the researchers assumed that agents of ‘tropical tick typhus’ or scrub typhus might be responsible for both diseases, in the Far East and Siberia. Beginning in 1938, several expeditions have been organised in Siberia and in the Far East under the leadership of M. K. Krontovskaya. The disease has been found in both regions; geographical distribution associated with specific tick vectors (Dermacentor spp. in Siberia; Haemaphysalis concinna and Dermacentor silvarum in the Far East) and mammal reservoirs was identified. The aetiology of the disease was studied by O. S. Korshunova, who had isolated the first strains of the agent of tick-borne typhus in the Far East and Siberia. Later on, the disease in both regions (Siberia and the Far East) was considered to be caused by the same agent isolated in Siberia and called Rickettsia sibirica [3]. An attempt to discover the aetiology of tickborne rickettsiosis was made in the Russian Far East in 2004 [4]. Surprisingly, in all patients, instead of suspected R. sibirica, another agent, recently (1982) isolated in northern China, Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, was discovered. Although it was suspected to be an agent of human disease, no evidence was published and the only known strain was isolated from ticks. Recently, molecular identification of a rickettsial collection showed that one of strains isolated from ticks in 1966 in the Altai region is also R. heilongjiangensis [5].
Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes at Nonresidential Sites Might be Related to Transmission of Dengue Virus in Monterrey, Northeastern Mexico

Abstract Traditionally the major risk environment for transmission of dengue virus has been assumed to be households. In Mexico, dengue outbreaks continue year after year despite intense control efforts. Nonresidential sites (public and private spaces) infested with Aedes aegypti (L.) were evaluated. In total, 141 nonresidential sites were sampled for the presence of potential and active oviposition sites and adult mosquitoes. Eighty percent of the sites were oviposition sites; Ae. aegypti adults were recovered at 94.7% of nonresidential sites. Most female Ae. aegypti, 21.6 and 10.4, were at schools and recreational sites, respectively. Chi-squared indicated no significant differences in the dengue vector to categories of sample sites (X2 = 17.76, df = 9, P = 0.38). Indoor-use patterns of adult mosquitoes indicated bathrooms and classrooms were preferred resting sites. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay did not identify dengue virus nucleic acids from a group of 221 pools containing 1,521 female Ae. aegypti. Daytime human activities; e.g., school and work, synchronize with the bimodal biting pattern of Ae. aegypti, increasing the chance of transferring dengue virus.
Alignment of magnetic anisotropy axes in crystals of Mn12 acetate and Mn12-tBuAc molecular nanomagnets: Angle-dependent ac susceptibility study

We report the results of angular-dependent ac susceptibility experiments performed on two derivatives of ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ single-molecular magnets: the well-known ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ acetate, which contains disordered acetic acid molecules in interstitial sites of the crystal structure and ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$-tBuAc, for which solvent molecules are very well ordered in the structure. Our results show (a) that the angular variation is very similar in the two compounds investigated and compatible with a maximum misalignment of the anisotropy axes of less than $3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and (b) that the tunneling rate is faster for the better ordered ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$-tBuAc compound. These experiments question interstitial disorder as the dominant origin of the thermally activated tunneling phenomenon.
Amino acids with hydrogen-bonding side chains have an intrinsic tendency to sample various turn conformations in aqueous solution.

Local structure in unfolded proteins, especially turn segments, has been suggested to initiate the hierarchical protein-folding process. To determine the intrinsic propensity to form such turn structures, amide I' band profiles of the Raman, IR, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra, and several structure-sensitive NMR J-coupling constants, have been measured for a series of GxG (x=D, N, T, C) peptides, in which the central x residues are abundant in various turn motifs in folded proteins. In addition, we revisited earlier measured GSG experimental data. To check whether this relatively high propensity for these residues to sample turns reflects an intrinsic propensity, the experimental data were analyzed in terms of conformational distributions that can be described as a superposition of two-dimensional Gaussian distributions associated with different so-called mesostates. The analysis reveals that the investigated residues sample dihedral angles similar to those found in the corner residues of various turns, namely, type I/I', II/II', and IV β-turns. Aspartic acid (D) was found to predominantly sample regions attributed to turns, including distributions at the upper border of the upper-right quadrant of the Ramachandran plot, which bear some resemblance to asx-turns observed in proteins. This conformation enables hydrogen bonding between the side-chain carboxylate and the C-terminal amide group. Altogether, the study shows that the high propensity for T, S, C, N, and D to be located in turn motifs reflects, to a substantial degree, an intrinsic property and supports the role of these residues as initiation sites for hierarchical folding processes that can lead to compact structures in the unfolded state of peptides and proteins.
Understanding Quality of Life in Medicine: A New Approach

This article introduces the subjective side of quality of life as it has evolved within the discipline of psychology. Subjective well-being is also of special interest within medicine due to its links to pathology and the fact that it is managed by a homeostatic system. This form of management offers an explanation for the unusual properties of subjective well-being, including its normal positivity, stability, and nonlinear relationship to objective variables, such as physical health. Central to understanding is the proposition that subjective well-being mainly consists of a specific form of trait mood. This homeostatically protected mood has a genetic set point and it is the experience of this set-point mood that homeostasis is defending. The resources required to maintain normal homeostatic control are described. If these resources are inadequate to protect the experience of set-point mood, mood positivity falls, and there is a high probability of depression. In this article, the process of homeostasis is shown to assist understanding of intervention effectiveness within both psychology and medicine. This concerns matters of resilience, the nonlinear relationship between levels of subjective well-being, and the strength of challenging agents, and the important understanding that interventions designed to raise subjective well-being are critically dependent on its level at baseline. Key teaching points: • The physiological process of homeostasis has a parallel in psychology in the homeostatic management of subjective well-being. • Subjective well-being is a more globally informative construct than health-related quality of life. • How people feel about themselves and their lives cannot be simply predicted through measures of health. • When subjective well-being homeostasis is defeated, there is a high probability of depression.
Consequences of inferring diet from feeding guilds when estimating and interpreting consumer-resource stoichiometry

SUMMARY 1. Imbalances between the supply of elements from resources and their demand from consumers may constrain key ecological processes, such as growth and production. Most previous studies have estimated such stoichiometric imbalances between consumers and resources by inferring the diet of the former from functional classifications rather than by direct assessments of the diet. However, this does not allow for potentially plastic responses of consumers to a restricted supply of elemental resources. 2. Here, for three streams of very contrasting nutrient availability, we calculated elemental imbalances between consumers and resources using diets derived from empirical gut contents analysis and compared them with those inferred for the functional feeding guilds of the species concerned. 3. In almost every case, elemental imbalances (C:P and N:P) based on the realised diet differed significantly from those expected from the inferred diet, the former revealing greater alignment between the elemental composition of consumers and their resources, particularly for P. 4. Simply inferring the diet, as is commonly done, results in erroneous estimates of elemental imbalances and misleading conclusions about stoichiometric constraints on consumers.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

This RFC is a re-release of RFC 1098, with a changed "Status of this Memo" section plus a few minor typographical corrections. This memo defines a simple protocol by which management information for a network element may be inspected or altered by logically remote users. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
NP-External Arguments: A Study of Argument Sharing in English

We explore some predicate-argument-structure phenomena in the context of the NomBank annotation project for English. Support verbs ( They completed the acquisition), transparent nouns ( His first batch of questions), prepositions (At Mary's request, John left the room ) and other lexical items can link arguments of a noun N to positions outside of the NP headed by N. In these examples, They is an argument of acquisition, His is an argument of questions and John left the room is an argument of request. In most cases, these NP-external arguments are linked to a multiword expression (MWE) consisting of the noun predicate and (at least) one other item: a support verb, transparent noun, preposition, etc. This paper discusses properties of these constructions and how they interact. For example, in Disney made dozens of attempts to acquire Apple, Disney is an argument of acquire, due to linking properties of the support construction make + attempt and the quantificational noun dozens.
A method for culturing canine tracheal smooth muscle cells in vitro: Morphologic and pharmacologic observations

A method of culturing canine tracheal smooth muscle cells in vitro is described. The morphology of these cells is monitored up to 60 days in culture and selected stages are illustrated. The characteristics of these cells are numerous mechanical attachments, the presence of thick filaments in suitably processed cells, and their contractile response to in vitro administration of carbachol, a cholinomimetic drug. They also possess nexus formations and both thin (actin) filaments and 10‐nm filaments. Mitosis is found in the nonconfluent preparations up to 16 days after culturing. Cultures of 2 to 8 days appear to be most useful as pharmacological test vehicles. This system will be used to explore the phenomenon of adrenergic beta‐2 receptor desensitization in airway smooth muscle, to attempt to localize these receptor sites and to determine how receptor affinity and/or number may be regulating cell response to pharmacologic agents.
The latency operating characteristic. I. Effects of stimulus probability on choice reaction time.

The latency operating characteristic (LOG), denned as the trade-off relation between reaction time (RT) and discrimination accuracy, is proposed as a measure of the perceptual process that is invariant over changes in decision strategies in RT tasks. The LOC was computed from confusion matrices constructed from sets of trials on which the RT fell within a given range. The convergent validity of the LOC was supported by findings of a strong and consistent relation between speed and accuracy that was invariant under changes in stimulus and response probability. Several models of the underlying perceptual processes are discussed which lead to a good description of LOC by a set of straight lines.
Femtosecond spectroscopy of YBa2Cu3O7- delta : Electron-phonon-interaction measurement and energy-gap observation.

The femtosecond dynamics of reflection and transmission spectra of a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ film have been studied in the wavelength range 620-680 nm at initial temperatures T 0 both above and below the critical temperature, T c . A difference has been found to exist between the spectral responses for T 0 T c , which can be attributed to the presence of an energy gap in the spectrum at T 0
Hybrid named entity recognition for question-answering system

Named entity recognition is important in a sophisticated information service such as Question-Answering and Text-Mining since most of the answer type and text mining unit depend on the named entity. Korean named entity recognition is difficult since each word of named entity has not specific features such as the capitalizing feature of English which represents named entity distinctly. In addition, since named entities are usually unknown words, the result of the morphological analyzer would make an error. Considering these problems this paper proposes hybrid named entity recognition system for Question-Answering which is constructed on people domain of encyclopedia. Finally, the experiment shows the soundness of proposed hybrid NER system which consists of determining word features, syllable based NER, pattern-rule based NER and statistical NER.
Cross-national usability study of a housing accessibility app: findings from the European innovage project

The present usability study concerns an evaluation of an Android based mobile application (app) targeting housing accessibility issues, in a prototype stage for a touch tablet. The objective was to identify and compare elicited usability issues involving senior citizens in two different national contexts: Sweden and Latvia. Applying a problem discovery approach, the study included individual sessions in home environments and follow-up user forums; researchers and user panel participants collaborated to formatively evaluate the app. To support decision-making, the task for the participants was to process information about their present or projected future functional capacity and environmental barriers in their current dwelling. The task was also to make use of a database of professionally assessed available apartments that could be considered for relocation. Data generated in the two countries were analyzed and compared. The results generated new knowledge on relevant usability issues in the two countries and were used to provide design recommendations for the app. The identified usability issues point to a need for a more thorough exploration of design solutions that are tailored for the targeted group of people aging with functional limitations. The results also highlight how national and cultural contexts may influence perceived usability and acceptance and thereby indicate the need to consider these contexts early on and throughout the development process. Tips for usability practitioners: Be aware of possible cross-national differences and handle those challenges in a structured and predefined way, and use real data and real sites to reach close and first-hand experiences.
Distributed amplifiers with composite left/right‐handed transmission lines

The use of so‐called “composite left/right‐handed transmission lines” in the design of distributed amplifiers is discussed using a simple model for the active device. The simplified analysis performed herein shows that it is possible to modify the frequency response of forward and reverse power gains, a significant development which could lead to innovative distributed amplifier designs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 609–613, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21422
Immunological detection of penicillin-binding protein 2' of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by using monoclonal antibodies prepared from synthetic peptides

Two synthetic peptides 31 and 32 amino acids in length were prepared as deduced from a known amino acid sequence of penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP2') of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two monoclonal antibodies were generated from fused cells of myeloma cells and splenic cells of mice immunized with the synthetic peptides. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis demonstrated specific binding of the antibodies to PBP2' of a methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain. An immunoradiometric assay was developed by using these antibodies for simple detection of PBP2'.
A novel system for classification of image time series with limited ground reference data

This paper presents a novel system for automatically updating land-cover maps by classifying remote sensing image time series. The proposed system assumes that a reliable training set is available only for one of the images (i.e., the source domain) in the time series, whereas it is not for another image to be classified (i.e., the target domain). To effectively classify the target domain the proposed system includes two steps: i) low-cost definition of the training set for the target domain; and ii) target domain classification according to the Bayesian cascade decision rule that exploits the temporal correlation between domains. In the proposed system, the low cost training set for the target domain is defined on the basis of transfer and active learning methods, which also use the temporal dependence information between the domains. Experimental results obtained on a time series of Landsat multispectral images show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Mechanical responses of a-axis GaN nanowires under axial loads

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) hold technological significance as functional components in emergent nano-piezotronics. However, the examination of their mechanical responses, especially the mechanistic understanding of behavior beyond elasticity (at failure) remains limited due to the constraints of in situ experimentation. We therefore performed simulations of the molecular dynamics (MD) of the mechanical behavior of [ 1 2 ¯ 10 ] -oriented GaN NWs subjected to tension or compression loading until failure. The mechanical properties and critical deformation processes are characterized in relation to NW sizes and loading conditions. Detailed examinations revealed that the failure mechanisms are size-dependent and controlled by the dislocation mobility on shuffle-set pyramidal planes. The size dependence of the elastic behavior is also examined in terms of the surface structure determined modification of Young’s modulus. In addition, a comparison with c-axis NWs is made to show how size-effect trends vary with the growth orientation of NWs.
The Revised Ces-D Scale for Caregivers of the Elderly in India

The purpose of this article is to empirically determine the factor structure of the original Radloff's (1977) Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), on Indian caregivers of the elderly population. The CES-D was administered to 255 caregivers via face to face interviews. The confirmatory factor analysis results did not support the original four-factor theoretical structure, but did suggest a three-factor model. In addition the three-factor version showed high internal consistency among the sub scales. The results of the present study indicate that the revised CES-D scale reflects the difference in the manifestation of depression in caregivers of the elderly in the Indian community in Allahabad, India. This scale should be validated further by replication. Implications for future research are presented.