Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an OPNET Modeler Based Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Using Voice over IP Traffic

With the increasing use of mobile devices and advances in wireless technologies, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has drawn great attention for being part of ubiquitous networks. MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile and/or fixed nodes that can communicate together over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links, and the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. Unlike the conventional network, MANET is decentralized radio wireless network that can be established in situations where no infrastructure exists or where deployment of infrastructure is expensive or inconvenient. As a result, routing protocols play a crucial role in managing the formation, configuration, and maintenance of the topology of the network. There has been an extensive research on performance analysis of routing protocols in MANETs. However, most of the work done on the performance evaluation of routing protocols is done using the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. This paper presents the performance analysis of MANETs routing protocols such as Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic. The performance metrics used for the analysis of these routing protocols are delay and throughput. The overall results show that the proactive routing protocol (OLSR) performs better in terms of delay and throughput than the reactive routing protocols AODV, DSR and TORA. [Michel Mbougni, Zenzo Polite Ncube and Suares Clovis Oukouomi Noutchie. Towards an OPNET Modeler Based Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Using Voice over IP Traffic. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):267-271] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 42
Priors Rule: When Do Malfeasance Revelations Help or Hurt Incumbent Parties?

Effective policy-making requires that voters avoid electing malfeasant politicians. However, informing voters of incumbent malfeasance in corrupt contexts may not reduce incumbent support. As our simple learning model shows, electoral sanctioning is limited where voters already believed incumbents to be malfeasant, while information’s effect on turnout is non-monotonic in the magnitude of reported malfeasance. We conducted a field experiment in Mexico, which informed voters about malfeasant mayoral spending before municipal elections, to test whether these Bayesian predictions apply in a developing context where many voters are poorly informed. Consistent with voter learning, the intervention increased incumbent vote share where voters possessed unfavorable prior beliefs and when audit reports caused voters to favorably update their posterior beliefs about the incumbent’s malfeasance. Furthermore, we find that low and, especially, high malfeasance revelations increased turnout, while less surprising information reduced turnout. These results suggest that improved governance requires greater transparency and citizen expectations.
Electronic Stark Effect Studies of a Porphyrin-Based Push−Pull Chromophore Displaying a Large First Hyperpolarizability: State-Specific Contributions to β

Electroabsorption or Stark effect spectroscopy has been applied to a pair of porphyrin-based chromophores with the aim of deriving a detailed understanding of the origin of the remarkable first hyperpolarizability, β, of one of the chromophores: [5-[[4‘-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethynyl]-15-[(4‘‘-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II). The measurements show that significant changes in molecular dipole moment, Δμ, accompany excitations of x-polarized transitions of the aminophenyl (donor)/nitrophenyl (acceptor) functionalized chromophore, but are absent for a related chromophore lacking the donor and acceptor groups. For linear chromophores, changes in dipole moment are a prerequisite to effective molecular first hyperpolarization and incident light frequency doubling behavior. A more detailed consideration of the available |Δμ| data, within the context of a conventional two-level model, has yielded the following: (a) specific information about the roles of each of seven electronic and vibron.
“Read it in the papers, seen it on TV…”: the 1981 Libyan hit squad scare as a case of simulated terrorism in the United States

ABSTRACT This article contributes to the study of political simulations of terrorism as a hyperreality with a historical analysis of the Libyan hit squad scare that haunted the United States over several weeks in late 1981, when the US media and Reagan administration officials warned of an imaginary hit squad of terrorists sent to Washington by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to assassinate President Reagan. Through an analysis of a range of declassified documents, mainly from the Reagan Library, most of which are processed here for the first time, the emergence of the rumour, which was planted in the US media through fabricated intelligence documents, will be traced to a small group of officials within the Reagan administration who tried to gain public support for the US government’s policy towards Libya.
A tale of two futures: Techno-eschatology in the US and India

Different religions have strikingly different views of history; but the emergence of modern technology offers promises of salvation that can draw equally on Christian views of time in the US and Hindu views of time in India. For centuries, Christian theologians incorporated technological progress into their linear vision of history, which will end with an eschatological conflict and the rise of the New Jerusalem. In the US today, techno-enthusiasts have adopted the claim that we are fast approaching the end of the world as we know it, though the salvation they expect no longer references Christianity. A ‘Singularity’ will occur, they say, leading to the transformation of biological life into an eternal new world of machine intelligence. In India, however, history is cyclical and the end of the world has long been expected to be a return to the first age. Although presently mired in the misery of the kali yuga, we should anticipate an end to this period and a return to the glorious satya yuga. Based upon popular Indian understandings of science and technology, we should expect that both will be crucial to this process. Interviews and observations made in the US and in India reveal how technological progress is now the critical component in cultural expectations about the end of the world and the emergence of a new world to come.
An Exploratory Study of Successful Advertising Internships: A Survey Based on Paired Data of Interns and Employers

As the job market becomes increasingly competitive, advertising educators must help students develop stronger skills, prepare for career positions and become more attractive to employers. Internships are a way for students to acquire critical real-world proficiencies and stand out in a job search. At the same time, employers benefit from and rely on internship programs, from learning new communication platforms to filling full-time positions. Using data from a field survey, this study provides a new understanding of the key elements and proposes a model for successful advertising internship programs. The investigation is unique, as the analysis pairs data from both interns and their employers. Findings show that a student's major and supervisor support contribute to overall satisfaction with the internship, leading to higher employer motivation ratings that correlate with higher work performance evaluations and intention to hire scores. Practical implications for advertising internship managers and future research directions are discussed.
Three-dimensional transcranial microbubble imaging for guiding volumetric ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening

Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening recently entered clinical testing for targeted drug delivery to the brain. Sources of variability exist in the current procedures, motivating the development of real-time monitoring and control techniques to improve treatment safety and efficacy. Here we used three-dimensional (3D) transcranial microbubble imaging to calibrate FUS exposure levels for volumetric BBB opening. Methods: Using a sparse hemispherical transmit/receive ultrasound phased array, pulsed ultrasound was focused transcranially into the thalamus of rabbits during microbubble infusion and multi-channel 3D beamforming was performed online with receiver signals captured at the subharmonic frequency. Pressures were increased pulse-by-pulse until subharmonic activity was detected on acoustic imaging (psub), and tissue volumes surrounding the calibration point were exposed at 50-100%psub via rapid electronic beam steering. Results: Spatially-coherent subharmonic microbubble activity was successfully reconstructed transcranially in vivo during calibration sonications. Multi-point exposures induced volumetric regions of elevated BBB permeability assessed via contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At exposure levels ≥75%psub, MRI and histological examination occasionally revealed tissue damage, whereas sonications at 50%psub were performed safely. Substantial intra-grid variability of FUS-induced bioeffects was observed via MRI, prompting future development of multi-point calibration schemes for improved treatment consistency. Receiver array sparsity and sensor configuration had substantial impacts on subharmonic detection sensitivity, and are factors that should be considered when designing next-generation clinical FUS brain therapy systems. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that 3D subharmonic imaging can be used to calibrate exposure levels for safe FUS-induced volumetric BBB opening, and should be explored further as a method for cavitation-mediated treatment guidance.
Holographic estimate of the meson cloud contribution to nucleon axial form factor

We use light-front Holography to estimate the valence quark and the meson cloud contributions to the nucleon axial form factor. The free couplings of the holographic model are determined by the empirical data and by the information extracted from lattice QCD. The holographic model provides a good description of the empirical data when we consider a meson cloud mixture of about 30\% in the physical nucleon state. The estimate of the valence quark contribution to the nucleon axial form factor compares well with the lattice QCD data for small pion masses. Our estimate of the meson cloud contribution to the nucleon axial form factor has a slower falloff with the square momentum transfer compared to typical estimates from quark models with meson cloud dressing.
Multiple narrow-baseline system for immersive teleconferencing

An important aim of immersive teleconferencing systems is to create realistic 3D virtual views of remote conferees. Hence, systems should be able to deal with hand gestures as well as occluded areas in reference images required in derived views. The quality of such derived views is dependent not only on the analysis and synthesis process but also the multiview camera set-up. Often the popular convergent wide-baseline stereo approach aspires to achieve too much through a single camera pair: maximum information and reliable disparity maps. We identify how this dichotomy leads to problems in the analysis and synthesis process, often leading to a restrictive system specific solution. We then define a new approach, a multiple narrow-baseline set-up, designed to overcome the limitations of the wide-baseline set-up, being modular, both in terms of system requirements as well as algorithmically, and scalable, with respect to the number of conferees.
Risk analysis and secure protocol design for WWW-based remote control with operation-privilege management

The paper discusses security issues related to the use of the Internet for remote control of decentralized systems. After conducting risk analysis based on the detection of potential threats, we designed a Secure Tele-operation Protocol (STP) specification for Internet-based control systems. STP is an XML-based protocol that manages operation privileges for each online operator. If STP is used with intelligent agents, remote manipulation can be protected from both illegal interference and malicious access. Moreover, among the authenticated operators, operation privileges are negotiable for transfer to other authorized remote operators.
Transfer function design for Fourier volume rendering and implementation using GPU

Volume rendering is a technique for volume visualization. Given a set of N × N × N volume data, the traditional volume rendering methods generally need O(N3) rendering time. The FVR (Fourier Volume Rendering), that takes advantage of the Fourier slice theorem, takes O(N2log N) rendering time once the Fourier Transform of the volume data is available. Thus the FVR is favor to designing a real-time rendering algorithm with a preprocessing step. But the FVR has a disadvantage that resampling in the frequency domain causes artifacts in the spatial domain. Another problem is that the method for designing a transfer function is not obvious. In this paper, we report that by using the spatial domain zero-padding and tri-linear filtering can reduce the artifacts to an acceptable rendered image quality in spatial domain. To design the transfer function, we present a method that the user can define a transfer function by using a Bezier curve first. Based on the linear combination property of the Fourier transform and Bezier curve equation, the volume rendered result can be obtained by adding the weighted frequency domain signals. That mean, once a transfer function is given, we don't have to recompute the Fourier transform of the volume data after the transfer function applied. This technique makes real-time adjustment of transfer function possible.
Descriptive translation studies of audiovisual translation: 21st-century issues, challenges and opportunities

This paper aims to identify theoretical and methodological issues, challenges and opportunities posed by the specific nature of research on audiovisual translation (AVT) developed within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). For this purpose, it offers a brief presentation of the overarching principles of DTS; a selective overview of research on AVT in the 21st century, considering the main achievements and challenges involved in such research; and a discussion of some theoretical and methodological issues, challenges and opportunities faced by Descriptive Audiovisual Translation Studies.
authentication and identi fi cation using triboelectric nanogenerator array

Cyber security has become a serious concern as the internet penetrates every corner of our life over the last two decades. The rapidly developing human–machine interfacing calls for an effective and continuous authentication solution. Herein, we developed a two-factor, pressure-enhanced keystrokedynamics-based security system that is capable of authenticating and even identifying users through their unique typing behavior. The system consists of a rationally designed triboelectric keystroke device that converts typing motions into analog electrical signals, and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm-based software platform for user classification. This unconventional keystroke device is selfpowered, stretchable and water/dust proof, which makes it highly mobile and applicable to versatile working environments. The promising application of this novel system in the financial and computing industry can push cyber security to the next level, where leaked passwords would possibly be of no concern.
Retrievable hydrogels for ovarian follicle transplantation and oocyte collection

Cancer survivorship rates have drastically increased due to improved efficacy of oncologic treatments. Consequently, clinical concerns have shifted from solely focusing on survival to quality of life, with fertility preservation as an important consideration. Among fertility preservation strategies for female patients, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and subsequent reimplantation has been the only clinical option available to cancer survivors with cryopreserved tissue. However, follicle atresia after transplantation and risk of reintroducing malignant cells have prevented this procedure from becoming widely adopted in clinics. Herein, we investigated the encapsulation of ovarian follicles in alginate hydrogels that isolate the graft from the host, yet allows for maturation after transplantation at a heterotopic (i.e., subcutaneous) site, a process we termed in vivo follicle maturation. Survival of multiple follicle populations was confirmed via histology, with the notable development of the antral follicles. Collected oocytes (63%) exhibited polar body extrusion and were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and standard in vitro fertilization procedures. Successfully fertilized oocytes developed to the pronucleus (14%), two‐cell (36%), and four‐cell (7%) stages. Furthermore, ovarian follicles cotransplanted with metastatic breast cancer cells within the hydrogels allowed for retrieval of the follicles, and no mice developed tumors after removal of the implant, confirming that the hydrogel prevented seeding of disease within the host. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a viable option for safe use of potentially cancer‐laden ovarian donor tissue for in vivo follicle maturation within a retrievable hydrogel and subsequent oocyte collection. Ultimately, this technology may provide novel options to preserve fertility for young female patients with cancer.
Hierarchical Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Models for Population Spread

There is a long history in the ecological sciences concerning the development of mathematical models for describing the distribution of organisms over time and space. Although such models have sometimes been evaluated by comparison to observations, they have seldom been “fit” to data in a formal statistical sense. Thus, uncertainties regarding data, model, and parameters are not readily accounted for in such analyses. Alternatively, realistic statistical models for spatio–temporal processes in ecology often require that one estimate a very large number of parameters. This is typically not possible given the relatively limited amount of data collected over space and time. Critically, such a statistical model could be simplified (in terms of reducing the number of parameters) by accommodating the well known empirical and theoretical results concerning the process (e.g. partial differential equations (PDEs) or integro–difference equations (IDEs) for population spread). That is, the statistical model can make use of the well established mathematical models for the process. The Bayesian hierarchical paradigm for spatio–temporal models allows one to account for the aforementioned sources of uncertainty and yet still include such prior knowledge for the process, parameters and measurements. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to process-based hierarchical Bayesian spatio–temporal models for population spread, focusing primarily on PDE dynamics. We illustrate the concepts and demonstrate the methodology on the problem of predicting the Eurasian Collared-Dove invasion of North America.
Approaches for improving tuple space search-based table lookup

One way for improving the tuple space search-based table lookup in the software system (e.g., flow matching process of Open vSwitch) is to reduce the number of tuple spaces to be examined. For this purpose, we discuss two approaches based on space-efficient data structures, Bloom filter and simTable proposed in this paper. Click-based experiments show that Bloom filter and simTable noticeably reduce the number of tuple spaces to be examined (i.e., the number of tuple spaces to be examined is 1 in most cases even with 121 tuple spaces). However, two approaches show different results in terms of the table lookup time. Bloom filter without hardware parallelism causes noticeable processing overhead that is heavily affected by the number of tuple spaces while simTable causes low processing overhead regardless of the number of tuple spaces. As a result, the use of Bloom filter/simTable increases/reduces the table lookup time compared to the original tuple space search-based table lookup (e.g., from 1917ns to 5032ns/432ns in case of 25 tuple spaces).
Pathogenic or not? Assessing the clinical relevance of copy number variants

The availability of commercially produced genomic microarrays has resulted in the wide spread implementation of genomic microarrays, often as a first‐tier diagnostic test for copy number variant (CNV) screening of patients who are suspected for chromosomal aberrations. Patients with intellectual disability (ID) and/or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) were traditionally the main focus for this microarray‐based CNV screening, but the application of microarrays to other (neurodevelopmental) disorders and tumor diagnostics has also been explored and implemented. The diagnostic workflow for patients with ID is now well established, relying on the identification of rare CNVs and determining their inheritance patterns. However, experience gained through screening large numbers of samples has revealed many subtleties and complexities of CNV interpretation. This has resulted in a better understanding of the contribution of CNVs to genomic disorders not only via de novo occurrence, but also via X‐linked and recessive inheritance models as well as through models taking into account mosaicisms, imprinting, and digenic inheritance. In this review, we discuss CNV interpretation within the context of these different genetic disease models and common pitfalls that can occur when searching for supportive evidence that a CNV is clinically relevant.
Overexpression of the mulberry latex gene MaMLX-Q1 enhances defense against Plutella xylostella in Arabidopsis thaliana

Purified mulberry latex chitinase (MLX) has a role in defense against some lepidopteran insects. In this study, a full length chitinase gene, MaMLX-Q1, of 1405 bp with a 1140 bp open reading frame, was obtained from mulberry leaves by the degenerate primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) procedure. The gene encoded a mature protein with the predicted molecular mass of 39.38 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.43; it contained two chitin-binding domains and a hydrolase family 19 chitinase domain. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis grouped it in the class I chitinase protein group. Heterogeneous expression of this MaMLX-Q1 in Arabidopsis showed non-visible alterations in growth phenotype, except for the higher transcriptional expression of MaMLX-Q1 when compared to that of wild-type Arabidopsis . This ectopic MaMLX-Q1 exhibited toxicity to the growth and development of Plutella xylostella larvae, causing significantly lower weight gain and higher mortality. These results indicate an application of MaMLX-Q1 as an insecticide for plant protection. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS160315097L Received: March 15, 2016; Revised: April 24, 2016; Accepted: May 4, 2016; Published online: October 17, 2016 How to cite this article: Liu Y, Ji D, Chen J, Lin T, Wei J, Zhu Y, Lv Z. Overexpression of the mulberry latex gene MaMLX-Q1 enhances defense against Plutella xylostella in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arch Biol Sci. 2017;69(2):269-76.