Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Scenario-Based Design and Verification of Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems Extended Abstract

A cyber-physical system consists of computing devices communicating with one another and interacting with the physical world via sensors and actuators. Increasingly, such systems are everywhere, from smart buildings to autonomous vehicles to mission-critical military systems. Model-based design offers a promising approach for assisting developers to build cyber-physical systems in a systematic manner. In this methodology, a designer first constructs a model, with mathematically precise semantics, of the system under design, and performs extensive analysis with respect to correctness requirements before generating the implementation from the model [1], [2], [3]. However, as new vulnerabilities are discovered, requirements evolve aimed at ensuring resiliency. Current methodology demands an expensive, and at times infeasible, redesign and reimplementation of the system from scratch. The goal of the proposed methodology and the associated toolkit, which we call REAFFIRM, is to facilitate integration of evolving resiliency requirements in model-based design and verification. Traditionally a model of a cyber-physical system consists of block diagrams describing the system architecture and a combination of state machines and differential equations describing the system dynamics [4]. Building a behavioral model at design time that offers resiliency for all kinds of failures is notoriously difficult. The REAFFIRM solution to design for resiliency is to allow a designer to specify scenarios as a separate part of the model description. A scenario describes a finite execution of the system corresponding to a specific situation, and consists of the sequences of actions by different agents including interaction among them. Such scenarios were first used in design of telecommunication software to specify different features separately, and were formalized. Our insight is that scenarios can be used naturally to describe how a system should respond when a particular sensor fails or a previously unanticipated attack is discovered. Furthermore, negative scenarios can express
Effects of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Negative Persons in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) decreases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Initiation of TDF decreases bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected people. We report the effect of FTC/TDF on BMD in HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men and in transgender women. METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and 24-week intervals in a substudy of iPrEx, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of FTC/TDF PrEP. Plasma and intracellular tenofovir concentrations were measured in participants randomized to FTC/TDF. RESULTS In 498 participants (247 FTC/TDF, 251 placebo), BMD in those randomized to FTC/TDF decreased modestly but statistically significantly by 24 weeks in the spine (net difference, -0.91% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -1.44% to -.38%]; P = .001) and hip (-0.61% [95% CI, -.96% to -.27%], P = .001). Changes within each subsequent 24-week interval were not statistically significant. Changes in BMD by week 24 correlated inversely with intracellular tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), which was detected in 53% of those randomized to FTC/TDF. Net BMD loss by week 24 in participants with TFV-DP levels indicative of consistent dosing averaged -1.42% ± 29% and -0.85% ± 19% in the spine and hip, respectively (P < .001 vs placebo). Spine BMD tended to rebound following discontinuation of FTC/TDF. There were no differences in fractures (P = .62) or incidence of low BMD. CONCLUSIONS In HIV-uninfected persons, FTC/TDF PrEP was associated with small but statistically significant decreases in BMD by week 24 that inversely correlated with TFV-DP, with more stable BMD thereafter. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00458393.
Systems Design in The Emerging Digital Age

The landscape of engineering systems design has been changing in the context of recent pervasive digitalization trend and the fast development of smart cyber-physical systems or smart connected systems powered by Internet of Things. Many traditional products no longer stand alone, and they are becoming smart devices and connected with others in networks. As a result, the service quality, availability, reliability, safety, and security of those connected systems will impact each other. But more importantly, the connectivity offers opportunities for those systems to provide intelligent services, leads to synergy from the connected systems, and triggers innovative applications and business models (Huang, 2017; Huang et al., 2016; Khaitan and McCalley, 2015; Porter and Heppelmann, 2015). The increasing complexity of systems operational environment and profound impacts make systems design in the digital age become much more complex and challenging. Systems design, in a broader sense, aims to satisfy the needs and requirements of stakeholders and the operational concept (OpsCon) by defining system requirements, creating and specifying alternatives of logical architecture, physical architecture and interfaces, analysing and selecting optimal architecture(s), and creating and specifying engineering details for realizing the selected architecture(s). The concepts, principles, methodology, models and methods of systems design have been evolving for decades (Abran et al., 2004; BKCASE Editorial Board, 2017; Blanchard and Fabrycky, 2010; Buede and Miller, 2016; INCOSE, 2015; Simon, 1996, 1988, 1969; White, 1998). The evolution of the discipline is based on the practice of many specific fields of engineering systems design, such as software engineering (Boehm, 1988, 1981; INCOSE, 2015; Sangiovanni-Vincentelli and Martin, 2001), control system (Johnson, 1989; Noura et al., 2009; Tanaka and Wang, 2004), embedded systems (Henzinger and Sifakis, 2007; Kopetz, 2011), manufacturing systems (Wu, 2012), and many others. As discussed earlier, in the new landscape of smart connected operational environment, the complex interactions and their impacts between the system in design and external systems in the operational environment pose many challenges to engineering systems design. Among those challenges, security is perhaps the most significant and widely concerned issue (Humayed et al., 2017; Sadeghi et al., 2015); beyond technologies, human users frequently become the cause of security incidents, thus being a critical factor to the cybersecurity of an organization and associated digital systems. More generally, human factors have become an important consideration of systems design (Nemeth, 2004; Stanton et al., 2017; Woodson et al., 1992). Moreover, the introduction of digital systems,
Location and Spatial Arrangement: Their Role in Rehabilitating the Children In Conflict With the Law

This study investigates how the location and spatial arrangement of St. Mary’s Refuge, a youth facility for children in conflict with the law in the Philippines (CICL) influence its attainment of rehabilitative goals. Although a wealth of literature has examined the condition of CICL in institutions, little is known about the link between the physical aspect of a facility (location, floor area, layout, rooms, and other building attributes) and their rehabilitation. Through an ethnographic study of a youth facility and in-depth interviews of the CICL and their houseparents, the study presents rich descriptive data of how a facility’s physical attributes critically influence the kind of structured and unstructured rehabilitative activities it can offer. The findings gathered from this study will provide crucial information for juvenile justice practitioners, management of youth facilities, professionals in various design disciplines, and child care advocates regarding the role of facility layout, functional space adjacencies and design considerations to the achievement of rehabilitation among youth offenders.
3.11: Comparative and Historical Lessons 3.11の教訓—比較的、歴史的観点から

Like all catastrophes, 3.11 generated pain and imagination, heroes and villains. Political entrepreneurs with motivation and resources were quick to do battle for control of the event. They spun narrative explanations for the tragedy across a broad horizon of meanings and values, all conforming to their own preexisting preferences and to what they believed would be effective with the Japanese public. Existing enemies were enemies still, but newly villainous. The stakeholders, thus rearmed, used these narratives aggressively in an effort to shift the still unformed preferences of a general public struggling to make sense of otherwise unfathomable events. But 3.11 is not alone in this respect. This chapter locates the dueling narratives of 3.11 in their historical and comparative contexts to derive guidance for understanding how disasters can be used by politicians and their allies as well as by citizens.
SUBSTITUTION VERSUS FIXED PRODUCTION COEFFICIENTS IN THE THEORY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: A SYNTHESIS

Mosti growth models are based either on the assumption of fixed production coefficients for labour and capital or on the assumption of substitutability between factors. The present paper proposes a hypothesis which is a compromise between these extremes, viz., that any increment in production can be obtained by different combinations of increments in labour and capital inputs, whereas any piece of capital which is already installed will continue to be operated by a constant amount of labour throughout its life span. First, a "general model" is presented. Next, the model is solved in different special cases. In conclusion it is suggested that the proposed hypothesis would be particularly appropriate in studying the introduction of new techniques and therelationship between population growth, the rate of saving and "structural" unemployment.
Average Damage Caused by Multiple Weapons against an Area Target of Normally Distributed Elements

This paper investigates the effect of launching multiple weapons against an area target of normally distributed elements. We provide an analytical form of the average damage fraction and then apply it to obtain optimal aimpoints. To facilitate the computational efforts in practice, we also consider optimizations over given constrained patterns of aimpoints. Finally, we derive scaling laws for optimal aimpoints and optimal damage fraction with respect to the radius of the area target.
Controlled fluorescence quenching by antibody-conjugated graphene oxide to measure tau protein

We report an ultrasensitive immunoassay for tau protein—a key marker of Alzheimer's disease. This sensing platform relies on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces conjugated with anti-human tau antibody to provide quantitative binding sites for the tau protein. The GO quenches standard fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled tau (tau-FITC) when tau protein and tau-FITC are both present and compete for the binding sites. This change in fluorescence signal can be used to quantitate tau protein. In contrast with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), our method does not require enzyme-linked secondary antibodies for protein recognition nor does it require an enzyme substrate for optical signal generation. This requires fewer reagents and has less systematic error than the antigen–antibody recognition steps in ELISA. Our method has a tau protein detection limit of 0.14 pmol ml−1 in buffer. This approach could be developed into a promising biosensor for the detection of tau protein and may be useful in the clinical diagnosis of tau-induced neurodegeneration syndromes.
No rest for the women: Understanding the impact of on-call work for women in the emergency services

ABSTRACT Background: The unpredictable, “on-call” component of the emergency services (ES) may be difficult to navigate in the context of domestic and work responsibilities, and especially difficult for women, given they tend to take on a greater household burden than do men. Our aim was to understand women’s experiences in the ES, particularly the impact of being on-call and related coping strategies. Methods: Twenty-four women were recruited from two ES agencies in Australia. Participation involved a brief questionnaire and a 45–60-min interview. Interviews were recorded, and audio files were transcribed before analysis using nVIVO software. Results: Interview data identified two major themes: impact and management. Women talked about the impact of on-call for themselves (e.g. disturbed? sleep, fatigue and the relentlessness of the role) but also discussed the, largely negative, impact for their family/household. In terms of management, support (family, social and work) and planning and preparation were identified as important in helping women manage their multiple roles in the context of on-call unpredictability. Conclusion: The negative impacts of on-call work on women’s sleep supports existing quantitative and qualitative data in the broader on-call area. For those women with children, managing their care presents one of the biggest challenges to being able to manage the on-call component of their work. Future research should to focus on quantifying the impact of on-call for both men and women, particularly the “relentlessness” of the work identified in this study and whether this toll changes based on other factors such as experience, role or gender.
Loss anticipation and outcome during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls. Methods All functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt. Discussion Considering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
Conceptualisation of recovery from psychosis: a service-user perspective

Aims and method There has been much uncertainty about the concept of recovery in psychosis. The aim of this paper is to conceptualise recovery, through service users’ descriptions of their recovery stories. A qualitative approach (interpretive phenomenological analysis) was used to guide interviews and analysis of data. Results Eight service users were interviewed about their recovery from psychosis. Data analysis revealed four superordinate themes: ‘ impacts on mental health’, ‘self-change and adaptation’, ‘social redefinition’ and ‘individualised coping mechanisms’. Clinical implications Data indicates that multiple dimensions of recovery are all important to individuals when considering their subjective experiences of recovery from psychosis. Recovery can only be conceptualised by the person making the recovery journey and treatment outcome measures must reflect this individuality.
Consolidation based speech translation

To alleviate the degradation of the performance of speech translation, this paper proposes a new approach to translate ASR results through consolidation which extracts meaningful phrases and remove redundant and irrelevant information caused by speaker's disfluency and recognition errors. The speech translation results via consolidation are partial translation and can not be directly compared with gold standards in which all words are translated. We would like to propose a new evaluation framework for partial translation by comparing with the most similar set of words extracted from a word network created by merging gradual summarizations of the gold standard translation. Chinese broadcast news speech in RT04 were recognized, consolidated and then translated. The performance of MT results was evaluated using BLEU. We propose information preservation accuracy (IPAccy) and meaning preservation accuracy (MPAccy) for consolidation and consolidation-based MT.
Some Particularities of the Monetary Transmission Channels in Romania

In the last decade the monetary policy from Romania was deeply changed. The inflation decreased considerably in comparison with the 1990s. From a few years National Bank of Romania adopted the inflation targeting strategy that implied a careful use of the monetary instruments. The success of the Central Bank depends greatly on understanding the monetary transmission mechanism. Using the VAR methodology, we analyze in this article the particularities of the monetary transmission mechanism in Romania.
Survival Analysis of Regional Unemployment in Uganda: Evidence from the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS)

type="main" xml:lang="en"> The study utilizes survival analysis methodology to examine unemployment duration in Uganda's five regions. The analysis is developed on a database of cohorts of the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) for the year 2005/06 and the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) for the years 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12. This work analyses individuals' first spell of unemployment using the Kaplan Meier estimator of the survival functions in unemployment and the covariate effects on duration using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Results suggest that over 12 months cohorts in the Eastern and Northern regions face longer spells of unemployment with a 0.85 probability of unemployment. However, in the long run and with the exception of Western Uganda, unemployment duration in all regions is not statistically different from that of Kampala. Cohorts with higher education gain employment slower than those with less education across all regions. Women exit unemployment much slower than men if the unemployment duration is less than 12 months and much faster where the duration is longer than a year. Exit from unemployment increases with age. Investments to curb unemployment should focus on equipping youth younger than 25 years with employable skills.
Gaussian free cluster tree construction using deep neural network

This paper presents a Gaussian free approach to constructing the cluster tree (CT) that context dependent acoustic models (CDAM) depend on. Over the last few years deep neural networks (DNN) have supplanted Gaussian mixture models (GMM) as the default method for acoustic modeling (AM). DNN AMs have also been successfully used to flat start context independent (CI) AMs and generate alignments on which CTs can be trained. Those approaches however still required Gaussians to build their CTs. Our proposed Gaussian free CT algorithm eliminates this requirements and allows, for the first time, the flat start training of state of the art DNN AMs without the use of Gaussian. An evaluation on the IWSLT transcription task demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach.
Metagenomic analysis and metabolite profiling of deep-sea 1 sediments from the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon 2 oil spill 3 4 Contributors :

Copyright statement: © 2013 Kimes, Callaghan, Atkas, Sunner, Golding, Drozdowska, Hazen, Suflita and Morris. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
PRL-3 promotes gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo

The peritoneal metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is upregulated in gastric cancer. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway acts downstream of PRL-3 in gastric cancer. However, the exact PRL-3 signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study investigated whether PRL-3 facilitates the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer via the PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo and in vitro. Nude mouse models of peritoneal metastasis were established using SGC7901/PRL-3 cell lines. The results confirmed that the invasion and migration abilities of SGC7901/PRL-3 cells were significantly increased in these models. Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that the expression of p-AKT, matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and −9 proteins increased in SGC7901/PRL-3 cells. These effects were suppressed in SGC7901 cell lines when PI3K was inhibited by LY294002. Furthermore, tumors derived from the peritoneal injection of SGC7901/PRL-3 cells were significantly smaller when the cells were grown in the presence of LY249002, compared with cells grown in its absence. These results indicated that targeted inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway decreased the effects of PRL-3 on metastasis in vivo. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that PRL-3 acts via the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote peritoneal metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.