Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of crank inertial load on the physiological and biomechanical responses of trained cyclists

Abstract The existing literature suggests that crank inertial load has little effect on the responses of untrained cyclists. However, it would be useful to be aware of any possible effect in the trained population, particularly considering the many laboratory-based studies that are conducted using relatively low-inertia ergometers. Ten competitive cyclists (mean [Vdot]O2max = 62.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1, s = 6.1) attended the human performance laboratories at the University of Wolverhampton. Each cyclist completed two 7-min trials, at two separate inertial loads, in a counterbalanced order. The inertial loads used were 94.2 kg · m2 (high-inertia trial) and 2.4 kg · m2 (low-inertia trial). Several physiological and biomechanical measures were undertaken. There were no differences between inertial loads for mean peak torque, mean minimum torque, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration or perceived exertion. Several measures showed intra-individual variability with blood lactate concentration and mean minimum torque, demonstrating coefficients of variation > 10%. However, the results presented here are mostly consistent with previous work in suggesting that crank inertial load has little direct effect on either physiology or propulsion biomechanics during steady-state cycling, at least when cadence is controlled.
Neuroticism, Depressive Symptoms, and Serum BDNF

Objective: Animal models and clinical studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. We test whether serum and plasma levels of BDNF are associated with trait neuroticism and its facets and with state measures of depressive symptoms. Methods: In a community-based cohort (N = 2099), we measured serum and plasma BDNF concentrations and administered the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Covariates included age, sex, cigarette smoking, obesity, and antidepressant use. Results: Serum BDNF concentrations were inversely related to neuroticism (r = −0.074, p < .001), in particular the depression facet (r = −0.08, p < .001). Lower BDNF concentrations were also associated with severe depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ≥ 28; odds ratio = 0.906; 95% confidence interval = 0.851-0.965). The association of serum BDNF with neuroticism was independent of depressive symptoms, indicating that serum BDNF might represent a biological correlate of neuroticism and not just of transient depressive states. Plasma BDNF was not associated with measures of depression. Conclusions: Our study suggests that lower serum BDNF is associated with both a dispositional vulnerability to depression and acute depressive states in the general population.BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NEO-PI-R = Revised NEO Personality Inventory; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
Work and Housework Conditions and Depressive Symptoms Among Married Women: The Importance of Occupational Status

ABSTRACT Using the American Changing Lives Survey, a nationally representative sample of adults residing in the United States, this research examines housewives' subjective evaluations of their housework and the subjective evaluations of paid employment among three groups of married women–professionals, sales-clerical, and service-blue collar wives. A major goal was to assess the usefulness of disaggregating employed women by occupational status. Depressive symptoms were regressed on five work conditions-autonomy, physical and time demands, boredom, and feeling appreciated-along with sociodemographic characteristics. The results indicate professional wives report fewer symptoms than homemakers, sales-clerical, and service-blue collar wives. Differences between professionals and homemakers are largely accounted for by professional women's more advantaged economic position. Nonprofessional employed women are more depressed than professionals even when their disadvantaged working conditions are controlled. We discuss the findings in view of research on the stress of combining full-time employment with homemaking and argue that balancing these two roles may be more difficult for some employed women than for others.
LAT is required for TCR-mediated activation of PLCgamma1 and the Ras pathway.

In this study, we present the further characterization of a mutant Jurkat T cell line, J.CaM2, that is defective in TCR-mediated signal transduction. Although initial TCR-mediated signaling events such as the inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR-zeta chain and ZAP-70 are intact in J.CaM2, subsequent events, including increases in intracellular calcium, Ras activation, and IL-2 gene expression are defective. Subsequent analysis of J.CaM2 demonstrated a severe deficiency in pp36/LAT expression, a recently cloned adaptor protein implicated in TCR signaling. Importantly, reexpression of LAT in J.CaM2 restored all aspects of TCR signaling. These results demonstrate a necessary and exclusive role for LAT in T cell activation.
HIPAA Compliance: Deadlines and Beyond

The deadline has passed for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule and the Transactions and Code Sets Rule. With that in mind, many health care professionals feel that they can sit back and take a deep breath. But do not be fooled, both rules require continuous follow-up and monitoring. Additionally, the Security Rule requires compliance by April 2005. During implementation of future HIPAA regulations, health care professionals can benefit greatly from their experiences in meeting requirements of the Privacy Rule and the Transactions and Code Sets Rule. Many of the same tools and techniques may be used to ensure compliance with future HIPAA regulations. This article will discuss the need for ongoing compliance with the Privacy Rule, the Transactions and Code Sets Rule, and the implementation of the Security Rule.
Willingness to pay for agricultural risk insurance as a strategy to adapt climate change

Agricultural production is subject to high risk associated with environmental and agro-ecological conditions. Farmers continuously make decisions to mitigate the various adversities. This study evaluates farm households’ willingness to pay for agricultural risk insurance intervention introduced in Ethiopia in 2009. A bidding game approach is used to elicit willingness-to-pay. We use a unique data collected on farmers’ willingness to pay for production risk insurance covering 1500 farm households. The result from the first willingness to pay response model shows that on average, farmers are willing to pay a premium of 55 Ethiopian Birr. By increasing the efficiency of our estimation, a double-bounded dichotomous choice model is estimated in the follow-up willingness to pay response question. It indicates that farmers are willing to pay about 67 Ethiopian Birr to insurance coverage. The use of modern agricultural technologies such as high-yielding variety and inorganic fertilizer, low rainfall, large family size, and high rainfall type are potential indicators that determine farmers’ decision to adopt financial insurance. We also found farmer’s demand for insurance increases due to the changing extreme weather events. Therefore, the study provides information to agricultural policy makers and private companies to promote agricultural insurance and set the premium and enrollment unit.
Activity-based standard cost variance analysis

To solve the rough granularity management and unreasonable cost variance analysis in the traditional Standard Cost(SC),an activity-based SC management was put forward.Principle of activity-based cost variance analysis was illustrated,and activity variance was used to explain the variance caused by changing production process route.A computational model and analysis model of variance were built.By using C4.5 algorithm,the effect of various parameters on the cost variance was studied.The decision tree was used to acquire the cost control rule.The real application results in iron and steel enterprises verified the effectiveness of activity-based cost variance analysis.
Exploring lung function with hyperpolarized 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance

With the use of polarization‐transfer pulse sequences and hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR, gas exchange in the lung can be measured quantitatively. However, harnessing the inherently high sensitivity of this technique as a tool for exploring lung function requires a fundamental understanding of the xenon gas‐exchange and diffusion processes in the lung, and how these may differ between healthy and pathological conditions. Toward this goal, we employed NMR spectroscopy and imaging techniques in animal models to investigate the dependence of the relative xenon gas exchange rate on the inflation level of the lung and the tissue density. The spectroscopic results indicate that gas exchange occurs on a time scale of milliseconds, with an average effective diffusion constant of about 3.3 × 10−6cm2/s in the lung parenchyma. Polarization‐transfer imaging pulse sequences, which were optimized based on the spectroscopic results, detected regionally increased gas‐exchange rates in the lung, indicative of increased tissue density secondary to gravitational compression. By exploiting the gas‐exchange process in the lung to encode physiologic parameters, these methods may be extended to noninvasive regional assessments of lung‐tissue density and the alveolar surface‐to‐volume ratio, and allow lung pathology to be detected at an earlier stage than is currently possible. Magn Reson Med 51:676–687, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anaerobic iron uptake by Escherichia coli

Assimilation and uptake of iron in anaerobic cultures of Escherichia coli were supported by iron supplied as ferrienterobactin, ferrichrome, and ferrous ascorbate; however, as in the aerobic cultures, ferrichrome A was a poor iron source. Albomycin inhibited both aerobically and anaerobically grown cells. The siderophore outer membrane receptor proteins FepA and FhuA were produced under anaerobic iron-deficient conditions. Anaerobic transport of ferrienterobactin and ferrichrome was inhibited by KCN and dinitrophenol. The Km for ferrienterobactin uptake in anaerobically grown cells was 0.8 microM, and the Vmax was 38 pmol/min per mg, compared with 0.1 microM and 80 pmol/min per mg, respectively, in aerobically grown cells.
Sugar Transport by the Marine Chitinolytic Bacterium Vibrio furnissii

Chitin catabolism by the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii involves chemotaxis to and transport of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucose. We report the properties of the respective permeases that complemented E. coli Glc− Man− mutants. Although the V. furnissii Glc-specific permease (55,941 Da) shares 38% identity with E. coli IIGlc (ptsG), it is 67% identical to MalX of the E. coli maltose operon (Reidl, J., and Boos, W. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173, 4862-4876). An adjacent open reading frame encodes a protein with 52% identity to E. coli MalY. Glc phosphorylation requires only V. furnissii MalX and the accessory phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system proteins. The V. furnissii equivalent of IIGlc was not found in the 25,000 transformants screened. The GlcNAc/Glc-specific permease (52,894 Da) shares 47% identity with the N-terminal, hydrophobic domain of E. coli IINag, but is unique among IINag proteins in that it lacks the C-terminal domain and thus requires IIIGlc for sugar fermentation in vivo and phosphorylation in vitro. While there are similarities between the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system of V. furnissii and enteric bacteria, the differences may be important for survival of V. furnissii in the marine environment.
Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers determined by fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: appearance and variance in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes.

PURPOSE In this study, the contribution of the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes in evaluations of regional cerebral glucose metabolism was investigated in healthy volunteers as determined by fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS One hundred twenty-seven healthy right-handed volunteers were injected with 4.2 MBq/kg (0.11 mCi) body weight FDG and imaged in a PENN PET H 240 scanner. Images were corrected for scatter and random coincidences and reconstructed in all three planes into 6- to 8-mm-thick slices. The reconstructed images were corrected for attenuation using the Chang algorithm. The transverse, coronal, and sagittal images were read independently of each other using a qualitative scale in which 1 = equal to, 2 = mildly, 3 = moderately, and 4 = markedly less than the area with the highest glucose metabolism in the respective plane. RESULTS The areas with the highest glucose metabolisms were the posterior cingulate gyri with mean scores of 1.1 to 1.2, thalami (1.2 to 1.3), basal ganglia (1.5 to 1.9), and visual cortex (1.6). The lowest values were found in the occipital cortex (2.7 to 2.8) and the cerebellum (2.3 to 2.4). Whereas reliable analysis of the mesial temporal aspects was not feasible in the sagittal plane, the anterior poles of the temporal and frontal lobes could not be evaluated in the coronal or the inferior temporal areas in the transaxial slices. In all three planes, regional glucose metabolism was less in the lateral temporal areas on the left than on the right (P < 0.001). The consistency of readings as measured in terms of coefficients of variation was greatest in the coronal plane for the caudates and posterior cingulate gyri, in the transaxial plane for the lateral temporal regions, and in the sagittal plane for the visual cortex. Age-dependent decreases in regional glucose metabolism in the inferior and lateral frontal regions and the parietal lobes were found in all three planes. CONCLUSIONS All three projection planes must be used for a comprehensive qualitative evaluation of the regional glucose metabolism of the brain.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Overlaying LTE Networks

In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient resource allocation problem for the device-to- device (D2D) communications overlaying LTE networks, where the D2D user equipment (UE) shares the spectrum with the cellular UE in an orthogonal way such that the interference between them is completely eliminated. We consider both the non- orthogonal and orthogonal resource allocation strategies for D2D communications, where the resources allocated to different D2D pairs are non-orthogonal and orthogonal respectively. In the non-orthogonal strategy, the interference exists among different D2D pairs, and the resource allocation only concerns the transmit power control for each D2D pair; whereas in the orthogonal strategy, there is no interference, and the resource allocation concerns both the resource block (RB) allocation and the transmit power control. In the two strategies, the related resource allocation problems are firstly formulated as a fractional programming (FP) problem and a mixed-integer nonlinear fractional programming (MINLFP) problem respectively, both of which are then transformed into equivalent optimization problems in parametric subtractive form by exploiting the property of FP. As the transformed equivalent problems are non-concave, we develop the sub-optimal energy-efficient resource allocation schemes by solving them based on Dinkelbach and Powell-Hestenes-Rockafellar augmented Lagrangian methods. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and show that the non-orthogonal strategy outperforms the orthogonal one in terms of the energy efficiency.
Single phase single stage grid connected PV system with improved power quality

In this designed system for interfacing the Photovoltaic system to grid at it's maximum power point we used single stage topology which consist a current source inverter along with maximum power point tracking system and double tuned resonant filter. In this system small dc link inductor is connected in series with double tuned resonant filter to eliminate harmonics at dc side of inverter, which increase the power quality of the system. The maximum power point tracking is done with the help of fuzzy logic controller and for precise control proportional -resonant controller is used and modified carrier based pulse with modulation technology is used for a current sources inverter. This system doesn't consist transformer which helps in increasing system efficiency and reduces cost. Power quality of proposed system is conformed through the simulation result.
Peace of mind for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer?

Summary Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) have an excellent prognosis, with 10-year overall survival rates over 90%. In addition, DTC patients benefit from their lifelong medical surveillance. The aim of the study was to compare the patients’ overall survival with that of a matched general population. Patients and methods: We have analyzed 1497 consecutive patients with DTC, who underwent radioiodine therapy in Münster, Germany, according to international standards. We classified our patients according to the current 7th edition of the UICC (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer) classification and we compared the overall survival of the patients with the expected survival based on age and sex of the general population as provided by the Federal Statistical Office, Germany. Results: There were no significant differences in overall survival rates between DTC patients of the cohort in stages I to IVa compared to the expected survival based on age and sex of the general population. However, patients in stage IVc showed a significantly worse overall survival rate using the log-rank test (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with DTC showed excellent overall survival rates in stages I, II, III and IVa. All patients, except for those in stage IVc (M1 ≥ 45 years), had overall survival rates similar to the general population.
Magnetoencephalographic mapping of the language-specific cortex.

OBJECT In this paper the authors introduce a novel use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) for noninvasive mapping of language-specific cortex in individual patients and in healthy volunteers. METHODS The authors describe a series of six experiments in which normative MEG data were collected and the reliability, validity, and topographical accuracy of the data were assessed in patients who had also undergone the Wada procedure or language mapping through intraoperative cortical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Findings include: 1) receptive language-specific areas can be reliably activated by simple language tasks and this activation can be readily recorded in short MEG sessions; 2) MEG-derived maps of each individual are reliable because they remain stable over time and are independent of whether auditory or visual stimuli are used to activate the brain; and 3) these maps are also valid because they concur with results of the Wada procedure in assessing hemispheric dominance for language and with the results of cortical stimulation in identifying the precise topography of receptive language regions within the dominant hemisphere. Although the MEG mapping technique should be further refined, it has been shown to be efficacious by correctly identifying the language-dominant hemisphere and specific language-related regions within this hemisphere. Further development of the technique may render it a valuable adjunct for routine presurgical planning in many patients who harbor tumors or have epilepsy.
Impairment of Autonoetic Awareness for Emotional Events in Schizophrenia

Objective: To investigate the subjective states of awareness accompanying recognition of emotional events in patients with schizophrenia. Method: During the learning phase, a set of neutral pictures associated with emotional sentences was presented to 24 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy control subjects. During the test phase, participants had to recognize target pictures and valence and to report their subjective state of awareness (Remember, Know, or Guess) associated with recognition of pictures and valence. Results: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited poor recognition of pictures and emotional valence. The frequency of Remember responses associated with recognition of pictures and of valence was lower in patients than in control subjects. Conclusions: Autonoetic awareness for emotional events is reduced in schizophrenia, with patients presenting difficulties in consciously recollecting the specific details that make events emotional.
Adoption of routine telemedicine in Norway: the current picture

Background Telemedicine appears to be ready for wider adoption. Although existing research evidence is useful, the adoption of routine telemedicine in healthcare systems has been slow. Objective We conducted a study to explore the current use of routine telemedicine in Norway, at national, regional, and local levels, to provide objective and up-to-date information and to estimate the potential for wider adoption of telemedicine. Design A top-down approach was used to collect official data on the national use of telemedicine from the Norwegian Patient Register. A bottom-up approach was used to collect complementary information on the routine use of telemedicine through a survey conducted at the five largest publicly funded hospitals. Results Results show that routine telemedicine has been adopted in all health regions in Norway and in 68% of hospitals. Despite being widely adopted, the current level of use of telemedicine is low compared to the number of face-to-face visits. Examples of routine telemedicine can be found in several clinical specialties. Most services connect different hospitals in secondary care, and they are mostly delivered as teleconsultations via videoconference. Conclusions Routine telemedicine in Norway has been widely adopted, probably for geographical reasons, as in other settings. However, the level of use of telemedicine in Norway is rather low, and it has significant potential for further development as an alternative to face-to-face outpatient visits. This study is a first attempt to map routine telemedicine at regional, institutional, and clinical levels, and it provides useful information to understand the adoption of telemedicine in routine healthcare and to measure change in future updates.
Physiological Responses and Gene Co-Expression Network of Mycorrhizal Roots under K+ Deprivation1[OPEN]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis compensates the transcriptional response of M. truncatula roots at low potassium level and activates specific mechanisms to tolerate long-term potassium deprivation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations enhance the phosphorous and nitrogen nutrition of host plants, but little is known about their role in potassium (K+) nutrition. Medicago truncatula plants were cocultured with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under high and low K+ regimes for 6 weeks. We determined how K+ deprivation affects plant development and mineral acquisition and how these negative effects are tempered by the AM colonization. The transcriptional response of AM roots under K+ deficiency was analyzed by whole-genome RNA sequencing. K+ deprivation decreased root biomass and external K+ uptake and modulated oxidative stress gene expression in M. truncatula roots. AM colonization induced specific transcriptional responses to K+ deprivation that seem to temper these negative effects. A gene network analysis revealed putative key regulators of these responses. This study confirmed that AM associations provide some tolerance to K+ deprivation to host plants, revealed that AM symbiosis modulates the expression of specific root genes to cope with this nutrient stress, and identified putative regulators participating in these tolerance mechanisms.