Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
- 05-03 Responding to Moments of Learning

In the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education, many contributions have been made toward estimating student proficiency in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (cf. Corbett & Anderson, 1995). Although the community is increasingly capable of estimating how much a student knows, this does not shed much light on when the knowledge was acquired. In recent research (Baker, Goldstein, & Heffernan, 2010), we created a model that attempts to answer that exact question. We call the model P(J), for the probability that a student just learned from the last problem they answered. We demonstrated an analysis of changes in P(J) that we call “spikiness”, defined as the maximum value of P(J) for a student/knowledge component (KC) pair, divided by the average value of P(J) for that same student/KC pair. Spikiness is directly correlated with final student knowledge, meaning that spikes can be an early predictor of success. It has been shown that both over-practice and under-practice can be detrimental to student learning, so using this model can potentially help bias tutors toward ideal practice schedules. After demonstrating the validity of the P(J) model in both CMU’s Cognitive Tutor and WPI’s ASSISTments Tutoring System, we conducted a pilot study to test the utility of our model. The experiment included a balanced pre/post-test and three conditions for proficiency assessment tested across 6 knowledge components. In the first condition, students are considered to have mastered a KC after correctly answering 3 questions in a row. The second condition uses Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and accepts a student as proficient once they earn a current knowledge probability (Ln) of 0.95 or higher. Finally, we test P(J), which accepts mastery if a student’s P(J) value spikes from one problem and the next first response is correct. In this work, we will discuss the details of deriving P(J), our experiment and its results, as well as potential ways this model could be utilized to improve the effectiveness of cognitive mastery learning.
A Review on Thermophysical Properties Data of High Temperature Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage

When compared with other energy storage methods, thermal storage offers a cheap solution for storing energy. A large amount of thermal energy can be stored at the phase transition temperature of phase change materials (PCMs). The thermophysical properties of PCMs are an important factor in designing latent heat thermal storage systems. Thermophysical properties provide information on the PCMs ability to store energy. The thermophysical properties of PCMs have been studied over the years, and data can be found in many handbooks and papers. However, this data does not cover all thermophysical properties of high temperature PCMs. This paper reviews the thermophysical properties (heat of fusion, melting/solidification temperature, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity and density) of high temperature PCMs found in the literature. This paper identifies the gaps existing in the data which is necessary for the design of efficient high temperature solar systems.
Exchange Rates and Monetary Spillovers

When does the combination of flexible exchange rates and domestic inflation-oriented monetary policy guarantee insulation from global financial conditions? We examine a dynamic global game model of international portfolio flows where, for some combination of parameters, the unique equilibrium exhibits the observed empirical feature that currency appreciation goes hand-in-hand with lower domestic interest rates and higher credit growth. When reversed, tighter monetary conditions go hand-in-hand with capital outflows and currency depreciation.
INFLUENCE OF MASS IRREGULARITY ON THE SEISMIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF MULTI-STOREY BRACED STEEL FRAMES

The influence of mass irregularity is examined for an eight-storey concentrically braced steel frame with different setback configurations. Three height locations of mass discontinuity and two ratios of seismic weight were considered. A regular structure was also studied for comparison. Both the equivalent static load method and the response spectrum analysis method were used in design. Mass irregularity was found to have limited impact on collapse prevention when static analysis was used. For irregular structures exhibiting lower performance than the regular frame, the response was improved by adopting dynamic analysis but not to the level achieved with the regular structure.
Isolation and identification Streptococcus pneumonia from contact lenses of conjunctivitis and keratitis patients with bacteria resistance to antibiotics

There are different methods for identification bacteria,we used culture methods,biochemical tests and molecular method,the aim of this study to decide the measure of efficient select gene for the recognition of the S. pneumonia by molecular tests -specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the assay targeting lytA gene from keratitis and conjunctivitis in patients and clients wearing contact lenses in several centers in Erbil city, the results showed that out of 12 investigated S.pneumoniae isolates by culture methods and biochemical testes ,lytA gene is found in 6(50%). all 6 of the positive lytA isolates encapsulated ,Norfloxacin and Seftazidime were the best antibiotics (100% ,83.3%) respectively, most infections was keratitis(cornal infections),in addition the majority of patients and clients were among females 78(60%),32(24.6)of patients and clients in the average age ranging from(15-20)years ,80(61.5%) of infections recoded of those who are putting cosmetic lens A r t i c l e i n f o. Article history: -Received 22/4/2018 -Accepted 26/6/2018 -Available online: 2/1/2019
UTILIZATION OF RESIDUAL DISPLACEMENTS IN THE POST-EAR HQUAKE ASSESSMENT

A new post-earthquake seismic performance assessment method which takes into account residual displacements attained by the damaged structures is presented. The post-earthquake residual displacements and the visual inspection of the damage to the structure are considered to obtain improved estimates of the maximum deformations experienced by the structure. The improved estimates of the maximum deformations are expected to yield a better picture of the extent of damage to the structure. As a result, better informed decisions regarding the post-earthquake usability and repairability of the structure can be made. Both the uncertainties associated with the structural properties and the probable errors due to the imperfectness of the analytical models are considered in the proposed method. A trial application of the method to a real structure tested on a shaking table is presented.
Mutations That Affect Ligand Binding to the Escherichia coli Aspartate Receptor

Three arginine residues of the binding site of the Escherichia coli aspartate receptor contribute to its high affinity for aspartate (K d ∼3 μm). Site-directed mutations at residue 64 had the greatest effect on aspartate binding. No residue could substitute for the native arginine; all changes resulted in an apparentK d of ∼35 mm. These mutations had little impact on maltose responses. At residue Arg-69, a lysine substitution was least disruptive, conferring an apparentK d of 0.3 mm for aspartate. Results obtained for an alanine mutant were similar to those with cysteine and histidine mutants (K d ∼5 mm) indicating that side chain size was not an important factor here. Proline and aspartate caused more severe defects, presumably for reasons related to conformation and charge. The impact of residue 69 mutations on the maltose response was small. Mutations at Arg-73 had similar effects on aspartate binding (K d 0.3–7 mm) but more severe consequences for maltose responses. Larger side chains resulted in the best aspartate binding, implying steric considerations are important here. Signaling in the mutant proteins was surprisingly robust. Given aspartate binding, signaling occurred with essentially wild-type efficiency. These results were evaluated in the context of available structural data.
Involvement of the MyD88‐independent pathway in controlling the intracellular fate of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular Gram‐negative bacterium which is capable of surviving and multiplying inside macrophages. B. pseudomallei strain SRM117, a LPS mutant which lacks the O‐antigenic polysaccharide moiety, is more susceptible to macrophage killing during the early phase of infection than is its parental wild type strain (1026b). In this study, it was shown that the wild type is able to induce expression of genes downstream of the MyD88‐dependent (iκbζ, il‐6 and tnf‐α), but not of the MyD88‐independent (inos, ifn‐β and irg‐1), pathways in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. In contrast, LPS mutant‐infected macrophages were able to express genes downstream of both pathways. To elucidate the significance of activation of the MyD88‐independent pathway in B. pseudomallei‐infected macrophages, the expression of TBK1, an essential protein in the MyD88‐independent pathway, was silenced prior to the infection. The results showed that silencing the tbk1 expression interferes with the gene expression profile in LPS mutant‐infected macrophages and allows the bacteria to replicate intracellularly, thus suggesting that the MyD88‐independent pathway plays an essential role in controlling intracellular survival of the LPS mutant. Moreover, exogenous IFN‐γ upregulated gene expression downstream of the MyD88‐independent pathway, and interfered with intracellular survival in both wild type and tbk1‐knockdown macrophages infected with either the wild type or the LPS mutant. These results suggest that gene expression downstream of the MyD88‐independent pathway is essential in regulating the intracellular fate of B. pseudomallei, and that IFN‐γ regulates gene expression through the TBK1‐independent pathway.
A Home-Based Frailty Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Technology with Multimedia Interactive Games

The purpose of this study is to use wireless sensor technologies to develop a system for frailty measurement and detection with multimedia interactive games that allows users to collect and manage their personal frailty information automatically at home. The assessment software we designed is a game-like system, which increases the motivation for participation among the elderly. The system has five components: (1) a series of frailty measurement and detection games, (2) an electronic grip strength meter to measure the subject¡¦s grip strength and reaction time, (3) an electronic pressure pad (with a pressure sensor) to detect slowness in movement, weakness, weight loss and balance impairment, (4) a functional reach measuring instrument to measure body extension, and (5) a Home-based Information Gateway, which collects all of this data and predicts frailty trends. We designed an experiment to test the overall system performance, and, to test the validity and reliability, we compared these tools with traditional frailty measurement methods. The results show that there is a correlation between frailty results from our test and results from the traditional measurement methods. They also show that our system is a high specificity prediction tool that can be used to assess frailty.
Biodegradation of natural rubber latex film added with Metroxylan sagu pith form by Bacillus cereus ATCC 1457

Aims: This study is focused on the potential of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 to degrade natural rubber (NR) latex film and NR latex film added with Metroxylan sagu pith waste (NR/TSPW latex film). Methodology and results: Bacillus cereus is proved capable to utilise rubber as main source of carbon and energy. The biodegradation studies were analyzed by growth profile, weight loss, protein content and tensile strength test. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test was applied to confirm the biodegradation process. In shake cultures, OD of culture increased by 19.2% from the initial inoculum after 14th cultivation days with NR/TSPW latex film. An increase in protein content up to 0.037 mg/g with 12.377% weight loss of film was obtained after biodegradation. Tensile test result shows tensile strength and elongation break are decreased by 10.203%. Conclusions, significance and impact of the study: The demand of rubber products is increasing time to time. Due to the high consumable and disposable of rubber latex products, hence remain inert to degradation and leading to their accumulation in the environment. An attempt to combine Natural Rubber (NR) latex system with other degrading materials have been made to facilitate biodegradation process. Thus, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 has potency to provide a biotechnological solution to the waste rubber disposal problem.
Application of the proximity force approximation to gravitational and Yukawa-type forces

We apply the proximity force approximation, which is widely used for the calculation of the Casimir force between bodies with nonplanar boundary surfaces, to gravitational and Yukawa-type interactions. It is shown that for the gravitational force in a sphere-plate configuration the general formulation of the proximity force approximation is well applicable. For a Yukawa-type interaction we demonstrate the validity of both the general formulation of the proximity force approximation and a simple mapping between the sphere-plate and plate-plate configurations. The claims to the contrary in some recent literature are thus incorrect. Our results justify the constraints on the parameters of non-Newtonian gravity previously obtained from the indirect dynamic measurements of the Casimir pressure.
Responsiveness of emergency obstetric care systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a critical review of the “third delay”

We reviewed the evidence on the duration, causes and effects of delays in providing emergency obstetric care to women attending health facilities (the third delay) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We performed a critical literature review using terms related to obstetric care, birth outcome, delays and developing countries. A manual search of reference lists of key articles was also performed. 69 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported long delays in providing care, and the mean waiting time for women admitted with complications was as much as 24 h before treatment. The three most cited barriers to providing timely care were shortage of treatment materials, surgery facilities and qualified staff. Existing evidence is insufficient to estimate the effect of delays on birth outcomes. Delays in providing emergency obstetric care seem common in resource‐constrained settings but further research is necessary to determine the effect of the third delay on birth outcomes.
Mapping Deciduous Rubber Plantation Areas and Stand Ages with PALSAR and Landsat Images

Accurate and updated finer resolution maps of rubber plantations and stand ages are needed to understand and assess the impacts of rubber plantations on regional ecosystem processes. This study presented a simple method for mapping rubber plantation areas and their stand ages by integration of PALSAR 50-m mosaic images and multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ images. The L-band PALSAR 50-m mosaic images were used to map forests (including both natural forests and rubber trees) and non-forests. For those PALSAR-based forest pixels, we analyzed the multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ images from 2000 to 2009. We first studied phenological signatures of deciduous rubber plantations (defoliation and foliation) and natural forests through analysis of surface reflectance, Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) and generated a map of rubber plantations in 2009. We then analyzed phenological signatures of rubber plantations with different stand ages and generated a map, in 2009, of rubber plantation stand ages ( 10 years-old) based on multi-temporal Landsat images. The resultant maps clearly illustrated how rubber plantations have expanded into the mountains in the study area over the years. The results in this study demonstrate the potential of integrating microwave (e.g., PALSAR) and optical remote sensing in the characterization of rubber plantations and their expansion over time.
FAST CALCULATION OF MONOSTATIC RADAR CROSS SECTION OF CONDUCTING TARGETS USING HIERARCHICAL CHARACTERISTIC BASIS FUNCTION METHOD AND SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION

A novel hierarchical characteristic basis function method (HCBFM) is proposed to calculate monostatic radar cross section based on singular value decomposition characteristic basis function method. In order to reduce the number of incident plane waves and accelerate the generation of characteristic basis functions (CBFs), an improved CBFs construction method is studied in this paper. Firstly, the target is partitioned with hierarchical approach, and at each incident plane wave, the highlevel CBFs defined in large blocks are expressed as a linear combination of the previously generated low-level CBFs defined in the corresponding small blocks. Finally, the high-level CBFs in large blocks are orthogonalized by using singular value decomposition at multiple excitations, and a set of linearly independent CBFs can be obtained. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed method.
D-GAN : Autonomous Driving using Generative Adversarial Networks

We propose a framework for learning a policy directly from data in the contex of behavioral cloning. We explore environments in which a reward function R is not known. Classically, Inverse Reinforcement Learning is used to extract R to then use with Reinforcement Learning to learn a policy π. We skip this step, and train an agent that matches the policy of the behavior given by a human such that the two are indistinguishable. A focus is put on the self-driving environment, however we note that this framework is general and can be applied to any simulation for which human experience is obtainable.
A prototype tool in TrakMark to generate benchmark data sets for visual tracking methods using virtualized reality models

This paper describes a prototype tool to generate benchmark data sets for visual tracking methods using virtualized reality models. In TrakMark working group, benchmark tests that permit objec-tive and accurate evaluation of the tracking methods have been created. Ground truth data of camera parameters and feature points are needed for benchmarks of visual tracking methods. But making ground truth data is costly in real environment. Therefore, we have been developing a tool to generate data sets for benchmark using virtualized reality models. The data sets contribute to evaluation and simulation of visual tracking methods. The data sets are composed of images generated from models and ground truth data. The ground truth data includes intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters, and tracking data of interest points. In the tracking data, 3D-2D correspondences of interest points are shown. Generated images and all materials of ground truth data are synchronized. In this paper, the prototype tool is and generated ground truth data are shown.
Assessment of predictions in the model quality assessment category

The article presents our evaluation of the predictions submitted to the model quality assessment (QA) category in CASP7. In this newly introduced category, predictors were asked to provide quality estimates for protein structure models. The QA category uses the automatically produced models that are traditionally distributed to CASP participants as input for predictions. Predictors were asked to provide an index of the quality of these individual models (QM1) as well as an index for the expected correctness of each of their residues (QM2). We computed the correlation between the observed and predicted quality of the models and of the individual residues achieved by the participating groups and evaluated the statistical significance of the differences. We also compared the results with those obtained by a “naïve predictor” that assigns a quality score related to how close the model is to the structure of the most similar protein of known structure. The aims of a method for assessing the overall quality of a model can be twofold: selecting the best (or one of the best) model(s) among a set of plausible choices, or assigning a nonrelative quality value to an individual model. The applications of the two strategies are different, albeit equally important. Our assessment of the QA category demonstrates that methods for addressing the first task effectively do exist, while there is room for improvement as far as the second aspect is concerned. Notwithstanding the limited number of groups submitting predictions for residue‐level accuracy, our data demonstrate that a respectable accuracy in this task can be achieved by methods relying on the comparison of different models for the same target. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acoustic Array Systems : Paper ICA 2016-903 The optimization design of microphone array layout for wideband noise sources

Microphone array system has been an important tool to identify main noise sources from mixed acoustic field emitted from running machines. The performance of localization is affected by several parameters such as the microphone array layout, the number of microphone, weights and the array aperture. Usually the array aperture and the number of microphone are restricted in practical applications, and therefore array layout design and weights are the most crucial parameters to improve localization performance characterized by the array beam pattern. Array layout optimization design is highly related to frequency bandwidth. Therefore, a new array layout optimization method is presented in this paper for wideband noise sources to generate low side-lobe level beam patterns based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) which has proven to be very efficient in optimal layout design. In this paper, we present a general framework to consider the overall performance based on the narrow main-lobe width and low side-lobe level criterion using the particle swarm optimization method. In low frequency band we place more emphasis on the main-lobe width, and place more emphasis on the side-lobe level within high frequency band. In the presented paper, both weights and layout can be optimized simultaneously. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improved localization performance of wideband noise sources.
A Comparative Analysis Using Modeling and Simulation to Study the Impact of Multilayered Gate Dielectric ( MGD ) Design on Device Performance of Surrounding Gate MOSFET

In the present work, a two-dimensional analytical model is presented to study the impact of multi-layered gate dielectric (MGD) design on the device performance of surrounding gate MOSFETs and its effectiveness in suppressing short channel effects and hot carrier effects is investigated. The model is developed by solving the Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinates and is used to obtain the expressions for potential and electric field. The analysis is extended to obtain the threshold voltage and the current voltage characteristics and it is demonstrated that besides improving the short channel immunity and hot carrier reliability, incorporation of MGD architecture also leads to enhanced transport efficiency, gate controllability and improved current drivability. In order to verify the model, the analytical results have been compared with the simulated data obtained from device simulator ATLAS and a good agreement is found.