Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de Marco para el Gobierno de la Seguridad en entornos Big Data.

Currently, data is one of the most important assets for companies in every field. It is used not only to carry out their daily activities, but also to help the organization to achieve their business goals. The continuous growth in the importance of the data, and consequently in its volume, has created a new problem: it cannot be addressed by the traditional analysis techniques. In order to solve this problem, a new paradigm was created: Big Data. However, each new technology originates new problems and Big Data it is not an exception. In general terms, the problems associated with the Big Data environment are related with the data privacy and the security of the environment itself. This is not a minor issue, the more data that is being collected and used by organizations, the more security controls need to be created to face these problems. Therefore, a security guarantee level is needed to achieve a proper level of confidence by the users. We should not overlook the fact that when a Big Data environment is introduced in an organization, it must adapt to the inherit characteristics of the company. Hence, achieving that security guarantee while the company’s characteristics are addressed can be a challenge. It is necessary a proper government function in which takes part every person among the organization. These set of characteristics allow us to achieve a conclusion: it might be needed the creation of a Security Governance Framework that tackles all the security issues in the Big Data environment. This will be the main goal of this TFM.
Does Malpractice Liability Reform Attract High Risk Doctors ?

Medical malpractice liability reform is often promoted as a means to increase the labor supply of health care providers and improve access to medical care. Theory suggests, however, that if physicians differ in their malpractice risk, then reforms will tend to attract those physicians with the highest risk. In principle, any association between reforms and overall malpractice risk could be attributable to adverse selection or moral hazard. This paper uses the location and relocation choices of physicians to disentangle these two competing behavioral effects. If moral hazard dominates, only the current practice location should matter, while if there is adverse selection, then the location and relocation history should signal risk. Using data on physicians with multiple malpractice events, the paper shows that relocation history is correlated with risk. Moreover, relocation history appears to predict risk better than current location. Taken together, these results imply that adverse selection occurs and is a comparatively more important behavioral effect than moral hazard. * Direct correspondence to Seth Seabury; RAND; 1776 Main St.; Santa Monica, CA 90407; E-mail: seabury@rand.org. I wish to thank Amitabh Chandra, Darius Lakdawalla, Neeraj Sood, Eric Helland, Robert Reville and John Romley as well as participants at the 2008 ASHE meetings for helpful comments and suggestions. Any and all remaining errors are my own.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced Ca 2 mobilization in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

Lin M-J, Yang X-R, Cao Y-N, Sham JS. Hydrogen peroxideinduced Ca mobilization in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L1598–L1608, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00323. 2006. —Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria have been implicated as key messengers for pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling induced by agonists and hypoxia. Since Ca mobilization is essential for vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, we sought to characterize the Ca response and to delineate the Ca pathways activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rat intralobar pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Exogenous application of 10 M to 1 mM H2O2 elicited concentration-dependent increase in intracellular Ca concentration in PASMCs, with an initial rise followed by a plateau or slow secondary increase. The initial phase was related to intracellular release. It was attenuated by the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, ryanodine, or thapsigargin, but was unaffected by the removal of Ca in external solution. The secondary phase was dependent on extracellular Ca influx. It was unaffected by the voltage-gated Ca channel blocker nifedipine or the nonselective cation channel blockers SKF-96365 and La , but inhibited concentration dependently by millimolar Ni , and potentiated by the Na /Ca exchange inhibitor KB-R 7943. H2O2 did not alter the rate of Mn quenching of fura 2, suggesting storeand receptor-operated Ca channels were not involved. By contrast, H2O2 elicited a sustained inward current carried by Na at 70 mV, and the current was inhibited by Ni . These results suggest that H2O2 mobilizes intracellular Ca through multiple pathways, including the IP3and ryanodine receptor-gated Ca stores, and Ni -sensitive cation channels. Activation of these Ca pathways may play important roles in ROS signaling in PASMCs.
catena-Poly[[(p-toluenesulfonato-κO)silver(I)]-μ-1,3-bis(pyridin-4-yl)propane-κ2 N:N′]

In the title compound, [Ag(C7H7O3S)(C13H14N2)]n, the AgI ion is coordinated in a T-shape by two N atoms from two symmetry-related 1,3-bis(pyridin-4-yl)propane ligands and one O atom from a p-toluenesulfonate ligand, forming a one-dimensional zigzag chain along [001]. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak Ag⋯Ag interactions [3.2628 (5) Å] are observed.
Virulence variation within the Ug 99 lineage

Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, recognized for possessing virulence to Sr31, was first reported in Uganda in 1999 (Pretorius et al., 2000). Based on the North American stem rust nomenclature system of 16 differential lines (Roelfs and Martens, 1988; Roelfs et al., 1993), Ug99 is identified as race TTKS (Wanyera et al., 2006). Isolates with virulence similar to Ug99 were identified in collections from Kenya and Ethiopia since 2005 and from Yemen since 2006. More recently, the race was confirmed to be present in Iran (www.fao.org/). Ug99 is projected to migrate to other major wheat growing regions in the Middle East, and south and west Asia following a pathway similar to the migration route of a Yr9-virulent race of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) (Singh et al., 2006). The present study reports virulence variation observed within the TTKS stem rust race group.
Advances in the monitoring of anti-P2Y12 therapy

Although there are many new and effective anti-P2Y12 drugs available, clopidogrel in its original or generic forms will probably remain the most widely used and cheaper option. As clopidogrel is a pro-drug, there is marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness between individuals and lack of responsiveness is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Various platelet function and genetic tests are now available for potentially measuring whether clopidogrel effectively inhibits platelet function. Monitoring of P2Y12 inhibition and/or identification of loss of function cytochrome P-450 genotypes could, therefore, offer the potential of tailoring therapy by identifying poor responders to clopidogrel and optimizing the levels of platelet inhibition using, for example, alternative drugs such as prasugrel or ticagrelor. The question remains whether any of these tests have prognostic utility with a defined therapeutic window to reliably identify hypo or hyper-responsive patients who may have an increased risk of thrombosis or bleeding, respectively? Once such patients are identified, can the tests then be subsequently used to demonstrate a change or improvement in platelet reactivity by using alternative therapies and equate this with improved clinical outcome? In this review, we describe an overview of the current platelet and genetic tests available and discuss whether these tests will ever become used routinely.
Bond behavior of the reinforcement bar in glass fiber-reinforced polymer connector

This paper presents the bond stress – slip behavior of a newly developed grouted splice connection fabricated by glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). A total of twenty seven specimens were tested under increasing axial tension load. Results from the test specimens were adapted to model a bond stress – slip law to be compared with the requirements provided by design codes and provisions. The results show that by reducing mid-length diameter, higher bond strength and load capacity are generated in the tapered splice sleeves.
Global Fragility Evaluation of Health Care Facilities with Structural and Nonstructural Components

A multi-dimensional definition of fragility is developed considering multiple variables such as floor acceleration and interstory drifts. The limit states which have uncertainties are defined as random variables in the calculation of fragility. A random description of the limit state has been adopted to calculate fragility and different cases have been considered. A case study of a Hospital located in California has been considered. The development of fragility for different cases show how important is a correct evaluation of the limit state for comparison of different techniques. The paper investigates how conservative or unconservative are the fragility curves when uncertainties in limit states are considered. Among the different parameters that influence fragility damping has a considerable effect in reducing displacements; Influence of such parameters is investigated.
A decision support system for fraud detection in public procurement

Over the past few years, investigators in Brazil have been uncovering numerous corruption and money laundering schemes at all levels of government and in the country's largest corporations It is estimated that between 2% and 5% of the global GDP is lost annually because of such practices, not only directly impacting public services and private sector development but also strengthening organized crime However, most law enforcement agencies do not have the capability to carry out systematic corruption risk assessment leveraging on the availability of data related to public procurement The currently prevailing approach employed by Brazilian law enforcement agencies to detect companies involved in potential cases of fraud consists in receiving circumstantial evidence or complaints from whistleblowers As a result, a large number of companies involved in fraud remain undetected and unprosecuted The decision support system (DSS) described in this work addresses these existing limitations by providing a tool for systematic analysis of public procurement It allows the law enforcement agencies to establish priorities concerning the companies to be investigated This DSS incorporates data mining algorithms for quantifying dozens of corruption risk patterns for all public contractors inside a specific jurisdiction, leading to improvements in the quality of public spending and to the identification of more cases of fraud These algorithms combine operations research tools such as graph theory, clusterization, and regression analysis with advanced data science methods to allow the identification of the main risk patterns, such as collusion between bidders, conflicts of interest (e g , a politician who owns a company contracted by the same government body where he or she was elected), and companies owned by a potentially straw person used for disguising its real owner (e g , beneficiaries of cash conditional transfer programs) The DSS has already led to a detailed analysis of large public procurement datasets, which add up to more than 50 billion dollars Moreover, the DSS provided strategic inputs to investigations conducted by federal and state agencies © 2020 The Authors International Transactions in Operational Research © 2020 International Federation of Operational Research Societies
A Line-of-Sight probability model for VANETs

Simulation has become an important method for the evaluation of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) applications and protocols. These simulations often work on the link level with simulation time far off from wall clock time, making them impracticable to be deployed for the performance analysis of real hardware in Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) environments or prototype vehicles. Probabilistic communication models can help in this regard, however often suffer from considerably lower accuracy than link-level simulations. It was shown that determining whether a communication link is of Line-of-Sight (LOS) or Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) nature greatly increases the quality of probabilistic communication models. This paper presents such an LOS probability model for VANETs in urban and rural environments. We find that typical urban environments such as rural, urban, and industrial areas show similar characteristics across different German and European cities. We utilize this to derive a probabilistic LOS model that reliably predicts LOS constellations and outperforms related work. Our model therefore enables the development of accurate probabilistic packet success or packet arrival rate models to investigate VANET technology in real-time environments.
A Composite Likelihood Approach for Dynamic Structural Models

We explain how to use the composite likelihood function to ameliorate estimation, computational and inferential problems in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. We combine the information present in different models or data sets to estimate the parameters common across models. We provide intuition for why the methodology works and alternative interpretations of the estimators we construct and of the statistics we employ. We present a number of situations where the methodology has the potential to resolve well-known problems and to provide a justification for existing practices that pool different estimates. In each case, we provide an example to illustrate how the approach works and its properties in practice.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO A NON-ADJUVANTED, LIVE CANARYPOX-VECTORED RECOMBINANT RABIES VACCINE AND A KILLED, ADJUVANTED RABIES VACCINE IN ELD'S DEER (RUCERVUS ELDI THAMIN)

Abstract: Captive Eld's deer (Rucervus eldi thamin) were evaluated for the presence of rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition after vaccination with either a live canarypox-vectored recombinant rabies vaccine or a killed monovalent rabies vaccine. Twelve deer were vaccinated with 1.0 ml of killed, adjuvanted, monovalent rabies vaccine at 5–33 mo of age then annually thereafter, and 14 deer were vaccinated with 1.0 ml nonadjuvanted, live canarypox-vectored rabies vaccine at 3–15 mo of age then annually thereafter. Banked serum was available or collected prospectively from deer at 6 mo and 1 yr after initial vaccination, then collected annually. Rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies considered adequate (>0.5 IU/ml) were present in 20/34 samples vaccinated with canarypox-vectored rabies vaccine and in 12/14 samples vaccinated with killed adjuvanted rabies vaccine. Poor seroconversion was noted in deer less than 6 mo of age vaccinated with the canarypox-vectored rabies vaccine.
An Ensemble Text Classification Model Combining Strong Rules and N-Gram

Most text classification methods apply machine learning methods, while ignored traditional rules-based methods. In this paper, we propose an ensemble text classification model combining classification rules and N-gram language model. In order to generate strong classification rules, we propose an exhaustive noun-phrase extraction algorithm and a new optimized rule induction algorithm, called SCA (strong covering algorithms). We also introduce an improved good-Turing (GT) smoothing method for N-gram model. Experimental results show that our ensemble classifier achieves an approximately 8% improvement as compared to bi-gram with word-based classifier and 15% improvement as compared to traditional rules-based classifier. In conclusion, the accuracy of ensemble classification model is competent to only a single classification models.
Image Classification Using SVMs: One-against-One Vs One-against-All

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are a relatively new supervised classification technique to the land cover mapping community. They have their roots in Statistical Learning Theory and have gained prominence because they are robust, accurate and are effective even when using a small training sample. By their nature SVMs are essentially binary classifiers, however, they can be adopted to handle the multiple classification tasks common in remote sensing studies. The two approaches commonly used are the One-Against-One (1A1) and One-Against-All (1AA) techniques. In this paper, these approaches are evaluated in as far as their impact and implication for land cover mapping. The main finding from this research is that whereas the 1AA technique is more predisposed to yielding unclassified and mixed pixels, the resulting classification accuracy is not significantly different from 1A1 approach. It is the authors conclusion therefore that ultimately the choice of technique adopted boils down to personal preference and the uniqueness of the dataset at hand.
Analysis of Course Type, Gender, and Personal Incentives to Exercise

206 women and 88 men enrolled in classes requiring different amounts of physical activity were administered the Personal Incentives for Exercise Questionnaire A two-way multivariate analysis of variance, with course type and gender as the categorical independent variables and 10 subscale scores representing incentives to exercise as the multivariate dependent variables, was completed. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to identify which of the incentives is most useful in discriminating among participants in active and less active classes or between men and women. For main effects, analysis indicated an over-all significant difference for both course type and gender. Men scored higher than women on activity and on competition, for example, while women scored higher on appearance and weight management.
Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States

Background. Recent research in the United States has demonstrated striking health disparities across ethnic groups. Despite a longstanding interest in ethnic disadvantage in psychiatric epidemiology, patterns of psychiatric morbidity across ethnic groups have never been examined in a nationally representative sample. Method. Ethnic differences in psychiatric morbidity are analyzed using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). The three largest ethnic groups in the United States – Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites – were compared with respect to lifetime risk and persistence of three categories of psychiatric disorder: mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Results. Where differences across ethnic groups were found in lifetime risk, socially disadvantaged groups had lower risk. Relative to Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics had lower lifetime risk of substance use disorder and Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower lifetime risk of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Where differences were found in persistence of disorders, disadvantaged groups had higher risk. Hispanics with mood disorders were more likely to be persistently ill as were Non-Hispanic Blacks with respect to both mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Closer examination found these differences to be generally consistent across population subgroups. Conclusions. Members of disadvantaged ethnic groups in the United States do not have an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Members of these groups, however, do tend to have more persistent disorders. Future research should focus on explanations for these findings, including the possibility that these comparisons are biased, and on potential means of reducing the disparity in persistence of disorders across ethnic groups.
Interplay between DNA repair and inflammation, and the link to cancer

Abstract DNA damage and repair are linked to cancer. DNA damage that is induced endogenously or from exogenous sources has the potential to result in mutations and genomic instability if not properly repaired, eventually leading to cancer. Inflammation is also linked to cancer. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) produced by inflammatory cells at sites of infection can induce DNA damage. RONs can also amplify inflammatory responses, leading to increased DNA damage. Here, we focus on the links between DNA damage, repair, and inflammation, as they relate to cancer. We examine the interplay between chronic inflammation, DNA damage and repair and review recent findings in this rapidly emerging field, including the links between DNA damage and the innate immune system, and the roles of inflammation in altering the microbiome, which subsequently leads to the induction of DNA damage in the colon. Mouse models of defective DNA repair and inflammatory control are extensively reviewed, including treatment of mouse models with pathogens, which leads to DNA damage. The roles of microRNAs in regulating inflammation and DNA repair are discussed. Importantly, DNA repair and inflammation are linked in many important ways, and in some cases balance each other to maintain homeostasis. The failure to repair DNA damage or to control inflammatory responses has the potential to lead to cancer.
Disease progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study with paired liver biopsies at 3 years

Background Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have increased mortality and liver-related complications. In contrast, simple steatosis is considered benign and non-progressive. Objective To investigate disease progression in patients with different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity. Design Prospective longitudinal hospital-based cohort study. Patients Fifty-two patients (age 44±9 years) with biopsy-proven NAFLD had liver biopsies repeated at month 36. Results Among 13 patients with simple steatosis at baseline, 2 (15%) had a normal liver at month 36, 3 (23%) continued to have simple steatosis, 5 (39%) developed borderline NASH and 3 (23%) developed NASH. Among 22 patients with borderline NASH at baseline, 4 (18%) had simple steatosis and 13 (59%) had borderline NASH at month 36, while 5 (23%) developed NASH. Among 17 patients with NASH at baseline, 10 (59%) continued to have NASH and 6 (35%) had borderline NASH at month 36. Only 1 (6%) patient regressed to simple steatosis. Overall, 14 (27%) patients had fibrosis progression, 25 (48%) had static disease, and 13 (25%) had fibrosis regression. Reduction in body mass index and waist circumference was independently associated with non-progressive disease activity and fibrosis. The baseline serum levels and month 36 changes in adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and leptin were not associated with disease progression. Serum cytokeratin-18 fragment level reflected disease activity and its change correlated with the change in NAFLD activity score (R=0.51, p<0.001). Conclusions Patients with simple steatosis may still develop NASH and fibrosis progression. Weight reduction is associated with non-progressive disease. All patients with NAFLD should undergo periodic assessment and lifestyle modification.