Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of the Ordinal Position Effect: Stability Across Sense Modalities and the Hands Crossed Context

The ordinal position effect posits that items positioned earlier in an ordinal sequence are responded to faster with the left key than the right key, and items positioned later in an ordinal sequence are responded to faster with the right key than the left key. Although the mechanism of the ordinal position effect has been investigated in many studies, it is unclear whether the ordinal position effect can extend to the auditory modality and the hands crossed context. Therefore, the present study employed days as the order information to investigate this question. Days were visually or acoustically displayed on a screen in random order, and participants were instructed to judge whether the probe day they perceived was before or after the current day (days-relevant task) or to identify the color or voice of the probe day they perceived (days-irrelevant task). The results indicate the following: (a) The days before the current day were responded to faster with the left key than the right key, and the days after the current day were responded to faster with the right key than the left key, both when the days-relevant task and the days-irrelevant task were performed, regardless of the sense modality. (b) The ordinal position effect for judgments of days was also obtained in the auditory modality even when the hands were crossed. These results indicate that the ordinal position effect can extend to the auditory modality and the hands crossed context, similar to the spatial-numerical association of response codes effect of numbers.
Escalation of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Younger People by Comparison of Two Autopsy Studies Conducted a Decade Apart

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide which includes coronary heart disease (CHD) as the major contributor. The foremost cause of CHD is atherosclerosis of coronary arteries leading to angina to sudden deaths which is sharply increasing in India; sadly more in the younger people. In this study, results were compared to an autopsy result performed a decade earlier. Aims: Both autopsy studies were conducted to assess the frequency of coronary atherosclerosis, morphological types of lesions and the degree of stenosis in three major coronary arteries. The association of the disease to age, sex, socio-economic status, diet and obesity were studied along with correlating the severity with major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and smoking. Materials and Methods: 60 hearts in the 1st study and 120 in the 2nd study were studied after collecting from Forensic department with details of the deceased. Hearts were dissected by Virchow's method and three major coronary arteries were studied by making serial sectioning. The atherosclerotic lesions were examined histopathologically and typed according to American Heart Association classification along with grading of the luminal stenosis. Results: The second study showed an alarmingly higher incidence of atherosclerosis (90.83%), especially in younger age. Compared to the older study in which 68.33% had coronary atherosclerosis. In both studies coronary atherosclerosis was more in males, severity increased with age and proximal segment of left anterior descending coronary artery was the most commonly affected part with higher grade lesions. Conclusion: The frequency of occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis has definitely increased steeply in the past two decades and alarmingly more in the younger people, with the severity being common in the fourth decade of life itself. There is strong positive correlation with major risk factors reiterating the importance of clinical screening and preventive programs.
Neuro-Fuzzy Based Model for Phrase Level Emotion Understanding

— The present approach deals with the identification of Emotions and classification of Emotional patterns at Phrase-level with respect to Positive and Negative Orientation. The proposed approach considers emotion triggered terms, its co-occurrence terms and also associated sentences for recognizing emotions. The proposed approach uses Part of Speech Tagging and Emotion Actifiers for classification. Here sentence patterns are broken into phrases and Neuro-Fuzzy model is used to classify which results in 16 patterns of emotional phrases. Suitable intensities are assigned for capturing the degree of emotion contents that exist in semantics of patterns. These emotional phrases are assigned weights which supports in deciding the Positive and Negative Orientation of emotions. The approach uses web documents for experimental purpose and the proposed classification approach performs well and achieves good F-Scores.
Joint Factor Analysis of Speaker and Session Variability: Theory and Algorithms

We give a full account of the algorithms needed to carry out a joint factor analysis of speaker and session variability in a training set in which each speaker is recorded over many different channels and we discuss the practical limitations that will be encountered if these algorithms are implemented on very large data sets. This article is intended as a companion to (1) where we presented a new type of likelihood ratio statistic for speaker verification which is designed principally to deal with the problem of inter-session variability, that is the variability among recordings of a given speaker. This likelihood ratio statistic is based on a joint factor analysis of speaker and session variability in a training set in which each speaker is recorded over many different channels (such as one of the Switchboard II databases). Our purpose in the current article is to give detailed algorithms for carrying out such a factor analysis. Although we have only experimented with the applications of this model in speaker recognition we will also explain how it could serve as an integrated framework for progressive speaker-adaptation and on-line channel adaptation of HMM-based speech recognizers operating in situations where speaker identities are known. II. OVERVIEW OF THE JOINT FACTOR ANALYSIS MODEL The joint factor analysis model can be viewed Gaussian distribution on speaker- and channel-dependent (or, more accurately, session-dependent) HMM supervectors in which most (but not all) of the variance in the supervector population is assumed to be accounted for by a small number of hidden variables which we refer to as speaker and channel factors. The speaker factors and the channel factors play different roles in that, for a given speaker, the values of the speaker factors are assumed to be the same for all recordings of the speaker but the channel factors are assumed to vary from one recording to another. For example, the Gaussian distribution on speaker-dependent supervectors used in eigenvoice MAP (2) is a special case of the factor analysis model in which there are no channel factors and all of the variance in the speaker- dependent HMM supervectors is assumed to be accounted The authors are with the Centre de recherche informatique de Montr´
An efficient sensing approach using dynamic multi-sensor collaboration for activity recognition

This paper presents an efficient sensing approach for activity recognition using multi-sensor fusion. The main achievement of the approach is to accurately recognize the human activity with the minimum body sensor usage through the use of dynamic sensor collaboration. The Naïve Bayes Classifier is adopted as the classification engine due to not only its easy implementation but also the advantages for multi-sensor fusion. The sensor selection is based on the real-time assignment information value of each sensor node. The platform is composed of a base station and a number of sensor nodes. The base station is used to assign the real-time information value for each sensor node, and fuse the chosen sensor data.
Inner Voice of Pregnant Women: A Qualitative Study

Background: Spirituality becomes more significant and evident during crises like pregnancy; therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be supportive during pregnancy through exploring and understanding the meaning of spirituality for pregnant women. This study aimed to discover the experiences of Iranian pregnant women regarding spirituality. Materials and Methods: This qualitative, inductive, content analysis study was performed in 11 pregnant women (28–36 weeks' gestation) who attended the healthcare centers of Karaj, Iran. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling and invited to participate in the study. The data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face, and in-depth interviews and were analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach. Results: Three major themes emerged during data analysis: “permeable transcendence,” including “spiritual awareness of mother,” “spiritual light of baby,” and “personal transformation and improvement. ” “Doubled responsibility” comprised two subthemes of “spiritual nourishment for mother” and “spiritual nourishment for child,” and “spiritual circumstance” consisted of two subthemes of “religious background” and “spirituality of healthcare provider. ” Conclusions: Considering the importance of spirituality and religion in gestational health promotion, the results of this study can assist healthcare providers in recognizing the women's spiritual needs and valuing the protective role of religious/spiritual well-being during pregnancy.
IBM’s Belief Tracker: Results On Dialog State Tracking Challenge Datasets

Accurate dialog state tracking is crucial for the design of an efficient spoken dialog system. Until recently, quantitative comparison of different state tracking methods was difficult. However the 2013 Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC) introduced a common dataset and metrics that allow to evaluate the performance of trackers on a standardized task. In this paper we present our belief tracker based on the Hidden Information State (HIS) model with an adjusted user model component. Further, we report the results of our tracker on test3 dataset from DSTC. Our tracker is competitive with trackers submitted to DSTC, even without training it achieves the best results in L2 metrics and it performs between second and third place in accuracy. After adjusting the tracker using the provided data it outperformed the other submissions also in accuracy and yet improved in L2. Additionally we present preliminary results on another two datasets, test1 and test2, used in the DSTC. Strong performance in L2 metric means that our tracker produces well calibrated hypotheses probabilities.
Resilience in Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Kindergarten Children

Abstract Objectives: Research on developmental outcomes of preterm birth has traditionally focused on adverse effects. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of resilience in 146 extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW) children (gestational age <28 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g) attending kindergarten and 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) controls. Methods: Adaptive competence (i.e., “resilience” in the EPT/ELBW group) was defined by scores within grade expectations on achievement tests and the absence of clinically elevated parent ratings of child behavior problems. The “adaptive” children who met these criteria were compared to the “maladaptive” children who did not on child and family characteristics. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the conjoint effects of group (ELBW vs. NBW) and family factors on adaptive competence. Results: A substantial minority of the EPT/ELBW group (45%) were competent compared to a majority of NBW controls (73%), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.26 (0.15, 0.45), p<. 001. Adaptive competence was associated with higher cognitive skills, more favorable ratings of behavior and learning not used to define adaptive competence, and more advantaged family environments in both groups, as well as with a lower rate of earlier neurodevelopmental impairment in the EPT/ELBW group. Higher socioeconomic status and more favorable proximal home environments were associated with competence independent of group, and group differences in competence persisted across the next two school years. Conclusions: The findings document resilience in kindergarten children with extreme prematurity and highlight the role of environmental factors as potential influences on outcome. (JINS, 2019, 25, 362–374)
Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting

Abstract Transmission in hospital settings of seasonal influenza viruses and novel agents such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is well-described but poorly understood. The characterization of potentially infectious bio-aerosols in the healthcare setting remains an important yet ill-defined factor in the transmission of respiratory viruses. Empiric data describing the distribution of bio-aerosols enable discernment of potential exposure risk to respiratory viruses. We sought to determine the distribution of influenza virus RNA emitted into the air by participants with laboratory-confirmed influenza, and whether these emissions had the potential to reach healthcare workers’ breathing zones. Two-stage cyclone bio-aerosol samplers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were placed 0.5–1.0 m (near field) and 2.1–2.5 m (far field) from infected patient participants, as well as in the corridor immediately outside their rooms. In addition, healthcare worker participants providing care to infected participants were recruited to wear a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter cassette in their breathing zones. Viral RNA was detected from the air emitted by 37.5% of the 16 participants infected with influenza virus and distributed both in near and far fields and in all tested particle sizes (<1 µm, 1–4 µm, and >4 µm). Viral RNA was recovered in droplet nuclei and beyond 1 m from naturally-infected participants in the healthcare setting and from the breathing zone of one healthcare worker. There was no correlation between patient participant nasal viral load and recovery of viral RNA from the air, and we did not identify any significant association between RNA detection from the air and patient demographics or clinical presentation. A more substantial study is required to identify patient determinants of virus emission into the air and delineate implications for evidence-based policy for prevention and control.
Reading comprehension in Parkinson's disease.

PURPOSE Although individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) self-report reading problems and experience difficulties in cognitive-linguistic functions that support discourse-level reading, prior research has primarily focused on sentence-level processing and auditory comprehension. Accordingly, the authors investigated the presence and nature of reading comprehension in PD, hypothesizing that (a) individuals with PD would display impaired accuracy and/or speed on reading comprehension tests and (b) reading performances would be correlated with cognitive test results. METHOD Eleven adults with PD and 9 age- and education-matched control participants completed tests that evaluated reading comprehension; general language and cognitive abilities; and aspects of attention, memory, and executive functioning. RESULT The PD group obtained significantly lower scores on several, but not all, reading comprehension, language, and cognitive measures. Memory, language, and disease severity were significantly correlated with reading comprehension for the PD group. CONCLUSION Individuals in the early stages of PD without dementia or broad cognitive deficits can display reading comprehension difficulties, particularly for high- versus basic-level reading tasks. These reading difficulties are most closely related to memory, high-level language, and PD symptom severity status. The findings warrant additional research to delineate further the types and nature of reading comprehension impairments experienced by individuals with PD.
Statistical Characterization of 4 . 5 GHz Narrowband On-Body Propagation Channel

This article presents the characterization of on-body propagation channel with specific activity of a body analyzing measurement results of a male subject in a radio anechoic chamber. To capture the dynamic behavior of the channel a commercial real-time channel sounding system for 4.5 GHz was used. The measurement scenarios included two repetitive actions of walking on the spot and standing up and sitting down at 10 different receive antenna locations, respectively, where the fading caused by the action is observed and statistically modeled.
Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Abstract The 16 world species of Sphecomyia Latreille are revised, including seven previously undescribed species (S.cryptica Moran, sp. n., S.hoguei Moran, sp. n., S.interrupta Moran, sp. n., S.oraria Moran, sp. n., S.pseudosphecomima Moran, sp. n., S.sexfasciata Moran, sp. n., and S.weismani Moran, sp. n.). Descriptions, redescriptions, male genitalia photographs, distribution maps, and an illustrated key for all Sphecomyia are presented. DNA barcode data are provided for all 16 species with a cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene tree presented and discussed. Sphecomyiastat. rev. is redefined to represent the monophyletic lineage of species within subtribe Criorhinina possessing a bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from the oral margin in both sexes, a bare gena, a bare katepimeron, a scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, an anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae, and a narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C. Three species groups of Sphecomyia are identified: the S.vittata group which possess pruinose scutellar vittae, the S.pattonii group which lack pruinose scutellar vittae, and S.metallica (Bigot), a hairy bee mimic with a completely pruinose scutum. Criorhinatsherepanovi Violovitsh is resurrected and transferred, along with Criorhinaaino Stackelberg, to the genus Sphecomyia: S.tsherepanovi (Violovitsh), comb. n. and S.aino (Stackelberg), comb. n.Criorhinametallica (Bigot) is designated as the senior synonym of C.lupina (Williston), not junior as improperly treated, and transferred to Sphecomyia: S.metallica (Bigot), comb. n. The species Sphecomyiafusca Weisman, S.nasica Osburn, and S.occidentalis Osburn are transferred to Criorhina Meigen: C.fusca (Weisman), comb. n. , C.nasica (Osburn), comb. n. , and C.occidentalis (Osburn), comb. n.
Turkish Translation and Validation of Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12.

Objective The aim of this study was to translate the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) into Turkish, evaluate the internal consistency of the test and test-retest reliability, and validate the adaptation for further use in Turkish studies. Methods A total of 50 healthy subjects and 50 patients with chronic otitis media (COM) have completed a translated Turkish version of the COMQ-12. Healthy subjects were asked to complete the test twice. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 were patients with COM; Group 2 represented the first test of the control group; and Group 3 represented the second test of the control group. Cronbach's test was performed to test internal consistency, and Spearman's test was performed to evaluate test-retest validity. Results The average score was 30.64 for Group 1, 3.60 for Group 2, and 3.66 for Group 3. The COMQ-12 score of the patient group was significantly higher than the score of the control group (p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve value was calculated as 0.992, which showed a strong diagnostic accuracy, and the cut-off point was defined as 9. A Cronbach's alpha value of 0.810 was found. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient value (Spearman's rho) was calculated as 0.920. Conclusion The Turkish adaptation of the COMQ-12 is a consistent and valid test with high sensitivity and specificity that can be used in Turkish for further studies instead of the original questionnaire.
Simulation of the Shielding Effectiveness of Cabinets Used in Communications Equipment

The basic formulations used in the description of thin walls and small apertures in simulations based on the Transmission-Line Modelling (TLM) method are described. It is shown that eecient and accurate methods are available which exhibit a reasonable balance between accuracy and computational eeciency. Results of simulations are presented showing the shielding eeectiveness of cabinets.
Testing and Analysis : Process , Principles , and Techniques

Software test and analysis are essential techniques for producing dependable software. While one cannot “test quality into” a badly constructed software product, neither can one build quality into a product without test and analysis. Achieving adequate quality through testing is often a major cost in software development, as well as a major factor in product cycle time. Failing to obtain adequate quality can be an even greater cost. This book addresses software test and analysis in the context of an overall effort to achieve an acceptable level of quality at acceptable cost. It assumes that the reader’s aim is not ultra-high dependability without regard to cost, nor cutting cost without regard to quality, but rather maximizing cost-effectiveness while balancing cost, schedule, and quality. It assumes, moreover, that one is not artificially constrained to isolated improvements only in a well-defined testing group or testing phase, but is instead motivated to integrate testing and analysis activities as effectively as possible across the entire process of software development and evolution. Software testing and software analysis techniques are treated here together, which is unusual in the current book-length literature but is consistent with a goal of achieving quality as cost-effectively as possible, using whatever combination of techniques is most appropriate. Moreover, software testing and software analysis depend on much of the same fundamental technical background. One must understand both to choose and combine techniques, and combinations of testing and analysis techniques can often be made to interact synergistically. The traditionally strong distinction between software testing and formal techniques for software analysis is an artifact of historical development of the fields, and is no longer useful.
RUN: Optimal Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling via Reduction to Uniprocessor

Optimal multiprocessor real-time schedulers incur significant overhead for preemptions and migrations. We present RUN, an efficient scheduler that reduces the multiprocessor problem to a series of uniprocessor problems. RUN significantly outperforms existing optimal algorithms with an upper bound of O(\log m) average preemptions per job on m processors (less than 3 per job in all of our simulated task sets) and reduces to Partitioned EDF whenever a proper partitioning is found.