Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MICRO METHOD FOR BLOOD UREA AND AN AUTOMATIC URINE COLLECTOR FOR UREA CLEARANCE IN INFANTS.

The blood is precipitated according to the method of Steiner, Urban and West (1932), and the urea is determined manometrically by the hypobromite reaction, as applied by Van Slyke and Kugel (1933). Twenty-five hundredths cubic centimeters of blood is laked in 12.0 cc. of distilled water which has been measured into a conical centrifuge tube with calibrated volumetric pipettes. The blood is stirred to ensure adequate mixing and 0.25 cc. of 17 per cent FeSO4.1H2O is added and mixed thoroughly with a stirring rod. Then 0.2 to 0.4 gram of solid BaCO3 is added. This is most conveniently done by using a small ladle which has previously been measured to contain the correct weight of BaCO3. An excess of BaCO3 does not injure the analysis. The mixture is thoroughly stirred until the precipitate begins to flocculate. Settling is rapid, and the supernatant liquid should be clear. If there is a yellowish tinge, some additional BaCO3 should be added and the contents thoroughly mixed. The tube is then centrifuged for 15 minutes at 2500 R.P.M. or more, and filtered through a small (5 or 7 cm.) filter paper into a 25 cc. Erlenmeyer flask. Usually 10.5 to 11.0 cc. of filtrate are obtained. For the urea determination 5 cc. of filtrate are transferred to the chamber of the Van Slyke-Neill manometric apparatus by means of an Ostwald bulb pipette. The 5 cc. of filtrate represent 0.1 cc. of the original whole blood sample. The chamber is sealed, and is evacuated and shaken for two minutes to free the solution of dissolved gases. These are expelled, and 1.5 cc. of the hypobromite solution is run into the chamber, which is then sealed, evacuated and shaken for the necessary reaction time, about 1% minutes, at ordinary room temperature. The pressure of the gas evolved is measured with the gas occupying a volume of 0.5 cc. The filtrate from 0.25 cc. of blood suffices for duplicate analyses. An empirical correction of 1 mgm. urea nitrogen per 100 cc. blood is subtracted when the uncorrected value exceeds 10 mgm. , but not when it is less than 10 mgm. It is not necessary to remove the barium in determining the urea by this method. If 0.25 cc. of blood is not available it is possible to perform the analysis on as little as 0.1 cc. of blood, though the accuracy of the result is correspondingly lessened. The results when 0.25 cc. of blood are used are accurate to within 5 per cent of the true value unless the blood urea nitrogen is below 10 mgm. per cent.
Exploring a Tomato Landraces Collection for Fruit-Related Traits by the Aid of a High-Throughput Genomic Platform

During its evolution and domestication Solanum lycopersicum has undergone various genetic ‘bottlenecks’ and extreme inbreeding of limited genotypes. In Europe the tomato found a secondary centre for diversification, which resulted in a wide array of fruit shape variation given rise to a range of landraces that have been cultivated for centuries. Landraces represent a reservoir of genetic diversity especially for traits such as abiotic stress resistance and high fruit quality. Information about the variation present among tomato landrace populations is still limited. A collection of 123 genotypes from different geographical areas was established with the aim of capturing a wide diversity. Eighteen morphological traits were evaluated, mainly related to the fruit. About 45% of morphological variation was attributed to fruit shape, as estimated by the principal component analysis, and the dendrogram of relatedness divided the population in subgroups mainly on the basis of fruit weight and locule number. Genotyping was carried out using the tomato array platform SolCAP able to interrogate 7,720 SNPs. In the whole collection 87.1% markers were polymorphic but they decreased to 44–54% when considering groups of genotypes with different origin. The neighbour-joining tree analysis clustered the 123 genotypes into two main branches. The STRUCTURE analysis with K = 3 also divided the population on the basis of fruit size. A genomic-wide association strategy revealed 36 novel markers associated to the variation of 15 traits. The markers were mapped on the tomato chromosomes together with 98 candidate genes for the traits analyzed. Six regions were evidenced in which candidate genes co-localized with 19 associated SNPs. In addition, 17 associated SNPs were localized in genomic regions lacking candidate genes. The identification of these markers demonstrated that novel variability was captured in our germoplasm collection. They might also provide a viable indirect selection tool in future practical breeding programs.
Protein secretion in gram‐negative bacteria: assembly of the three components of ABC protein‐mediated exporters is ordered and promoted by substrate binding.

One of the strategies used by Gram‐negative bacteria to secrete proteins across the two membranes which delimit the cells, is sec independent and dedicated to proteins lacking an N‐terminal signal peptide. It depends on ABC protein‐mediated exporters, which consist of three cell envelope proteins, two inner membrane proteins, an ATPase (the ABC protein), a membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an outer membrane polypeptide. Erwinia chrysanthemi metalloproteases B and C and Serratia marcescens hemoprotein HasA are secreted by such homologous pathways and interact with the ABC protein. Using as protein substrates HasA and GST‐PrtC, a chimeric protein which has a glutathione S‐transferase moiety fused to a large C‐terminal domain of protease C, we developed a simple system to identify proteins bound to the substrate based on substrate affinity‐chromatography using heme‐ or glutathione‐agarose. We show an ordered association between the protein substrates and the three exporter components: the substrate recognizes the ABC protein which interacts with the MFP which in turn binds the outer membrane component. Substrate binding is required for assembly of the three components.
Adult Neurogenesis Occurs in Primate Sensorimotor Cortex following Cervical Dorsal Rhizotomy

Adult neurogenesis remains controversial in the cerebral cortex. We have previously shown in monkeys and rats that reactive neurogenesis occurs in the spinal dorsal horn 6–8 weeks after a cervical dorsal rhizotomy. Here, in three monkeys with the same lesion, we asked whether it also occurs coincidentally in the corresponding primary somatosensory and motor cortex, where significant topographic and neuronal reorganization is known to occur. Monkeys (male Macaca fascicularis) were given 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injections 2–3 weeks after the rhizotomy, and were perfused 4–6 weeks later. Cells colabeled for BrdU and five different neuronal markers were observed within the primary somatosensory and motor cortex, and their distributions were compared bilaterally. Cells colabeled with BrdU and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also quantified for comparison. A significant number of BrdU/NeuN- and BrdU/calbindin-colabeled cells were observed in topographically reorganized cortex. Small numbers of BrdU/GFAP-colabeled cells were also consistently observed bilaterally, but these cells were never colabeled with any of the neuronal markers. Of the cells colabeled with BrdU and a neuronal marker, at least half had an inhibitory phenotype. However, excitatory pyramidal neurons were also identified with classic pyramidal morphology. Cortical neurogenesis was not observed in other cortical regions. It was also not observed in the primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, or posterior parietal cortex in an additional control monkey (male Macaca fascicularis) that had no surgical intervention. Our findings provide evidence for reactive endogenous cortical neurogenesis after a dorsal rhizotomy, which may play a role in functional recovery.
Development of the servant leadership assessment instrument

Purpose – Building upon Patterson's servant leadership theory, this study aims to present an instrument to measure the constructs of this working theory (identified as agapao love, humanity, altruism, vision, trust, service, and empowerment). Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, the seven component concepts, as defined by Patterson, were used to build items for a servant leadership instrument. This study used DeVellis' “Guidelines in Scale Development” to develop an instrument for Patterson's new theory of servant leadership. The participants for the study consisted of a stratified sample taken from the study response data base. The surveys were created, and administered, using an online survey using surveysuite.Findings – Three separate data collections were used for the development of this instrument reducing the 71‐item scale to 42 items yielding five factors: empowerment, love, humility, trust, and vision.Research limitations/implications – Recommend that future research include surveys at compa.
A Compact Dual-Band Printed Monopole Antenna for WiMAX/WLAN Applications

A compact printed dual-band antenna for WiMAX/WLAN applications is proposed in this paper. The dual-band monopole antenna consists of a triangular patch and two folding arms shorted to the ground plane. The proposed antenna features a low profile and compact dimension. To avoid via process in the fabrication, the triangular patch and two folding arms are separately constructed on the two sides of a FR4 substrate. By employing this structure, five different resonances can be yielded. The triangular patch provides two resonant modes (4.62GHz and 7.05 GHz). The two folding arms produces three resonances at 2.43GHz, 3.43 GHz, and 6.59 GHz. A prototype of the dual-band antenna is experimentally fabricated and tested. The measured results shows good impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor defines the path of developing and regenerating axons in the lateral line system of zebrafish

How the peripheral axons of sensory neurons are guided to distant target organs is not well understood. Here we examine this question in the case of the posterior lateral line (PLL) system of zebrafish, where sensory organs are deposited by a migrating primordium. Sensory neurites accompany this primordium during its migration and are thereby guided to their prospective target organs. We show that the inactivation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling leads to defects of innervation and that these defects are due to the inability of sensory axons to track the migrating primordium. GDNF signaling is also used as a guidance cue during axonal regeneration following nerve cut. We conclude that GDNF is a major determinant of directed neuritic growth and of target finding in this system, and we propose that GDNF acts by promoting local neurite outgrowth.
Analysis of PEV charging impact on distribution transformer aging for charging station transformer design

As plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are expanding, there is a growing need for widely distributed publicly accessible charging stations that supply electric energy for the recharging of the PEVs. In the charging station design, the proper distribution transformers that delivery reliable power from utility to the station are essential and important. To ensure economic and reliable operation of the charging station, the paper proposes a methodology for the PEVs charging station transformer design. A set of dynamic thermal energy models that describe the relationship between the transformer winding temperature and charging station load profile is derived according to ANSI/IEEE standards. The base load, PEVs demand, power quality, ambient temperature, transformer rating and connection all are taken into account. The models are then used to analyze PEVs charging impact on transformer loss-of-life and determine the proper transformer capacity and connection. The proposed method provides a better knowledge of the transformer effects and can be used for evaluating the level of PEVs that might be accepted on a distribution transformer. The models developed can also be used for determining proper transformers in the design of charging station distribution systems. The field testing results of a practical charging station for PEVs pilot projects in Taiwan confirm the validity of the proposed method.
Outcomes Measures and Risk Adjustment

This paper reviews the field of outcomes measurement in anesthesia and surgery, emphasizing those outcomes that may be influenced by perioperative care. Data sources for outcomes measurement are described, and the concept of risk adjustment is introduced. The basic mechanics of outcomes measurement and its pitfalls are explained. Finally, specific perioperative outcomes - mortality, readmission and composite outcomes - are described and their limitations are considered.
Renormalization and motivic Galois theory

We investigate the nature of divergences in quantum field theory, showing that they are organized in the structure of a certain “motivic Galois group” U*, which is uniquely determined and universal with respect to the set of physical theories. The renormalization group can be identified canonically with a one-parameter subgroup of U*. The group U* arises through a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. Its representations classify equisingular flat vector bundles, where the equisingularity condition is a geometric formulation of the fact that in quantum field theory the counterterms are independent of the choice of a unit of mass. As an algebraic group scheme, U* is a semidirect product by the multiplicative group G_m of a prounipotent group scheme whose Lie algebra is freely generated by one generator in each positive integer degree. There is a universal singular frame in which all divergences disappear. When computed as iterated integrals, its coefficients are certain rational numbers that appear in the local index formula of Connes-Moscovici. When working with formal Laurent series over ℚ, the data of equisingular flat vector bundles define a Tannakian category whose properties are reminiscent of a category of mixed Tate motives.
sfrp1 promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in Xenopus via negative-feedback regulation of Wnt signalling

Wnt signalling is a key regulator of vertebrate heart development, yet it is unclear which specific Wnt signalling components are required to regulate which aspect of cardiogenesis. Previously, we identified Wnt6 as an endogenous Wnt ligand required for controlling heart muscle differentiation via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here we show for the first time a requirement for an endogenous Wnt signalling inhibitor for normal heart muscle differentiation. Expression of sfrp1 is strongly induced in differentiating heart muscle. We show that sfrp1 is not only able to promote heart muscle differentiation but is also required for the formation of normal size heart muscle in the embryo. sfrp1 is functionally able to inhibit Wnt6 signalling and its requirement during heart development relates to relieving the cardiogenesis-restricting function of endogenous wnt6. In turn, we discover that sfrp1 expression in the heart is regulated by Wnt6 signalling, which for the first time indicates that sfrp genes can function as part of a Wnt negative-feedback regulatory loop. Our experiments indicate that sfrp1 controls the size of the differentiating heart muscle primarily by regulating cell fate within the cardiac mesoderm between muscular and non-muscular cell lineages. The cardiac mesoderm is therefore not passively patterned by signals from the surrounding tissue, but regulates its differentiation into muscular and non-muscular tissue using positional information from the surrounding tissue. This regulatory network might ensure that Wnt activation enables expansion and migration of cardiac progenitors, followed by Wnt inhibition permitting cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Predicting Attack Prone Software Components using Repository Mined Change Metrics

Identification of attack-prone entities is a crucial step toward improving the state of information security in modern software based systems. Recent work in the fields of empirical software engineering and defect prediction show promise toward identifying and prioritizing attack prone entities using information extracted from software version control repositories. Equipped with knowledge of the most vulnerable entities, organizations can efficiently allocate resources to more effectively leverage secure software development practices, isolating and expunging vulnerabilities before they are released in production products. Such practices include security reviews, automated static analysis, and penetration testing, among others. Efficiently focusing secure development practices on entities of greatest need can help identify and eliminate vulnerabilities in a more cost effective manner when compared to wholesale application for large products.
DCU Confusion Network-based System Combination for ML 4 HMT

This paper describes a system combination module in the MaTrEx (Machine Translation using Examples) MT system developed at Dublin City University. We deployed this module to the evaluation campaign for the ML4HMT task, achieving an improvement of 2.16 BLEU points absolute and 9.2% relative compared to the best single system.
Human Heterochromatin Protein 1 Isoforms HP1Hsα and HP1Hsβ Interfere with hTERT-Telomere Interactions and Correlate with Changes in Cell Growth and Response to Ionizing Radiation

ABSTRACT Telomeres are associated with the nuclear matrix and are thought to be heterochromatic. We show here that in human cells the overexpression of green fluorescent protein-tagged heterochromatin protein 1 (GFP-HP1) or nontagged HP1 isoforms HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ, but not HP1Hsγ, results in decreased association of a catalytic unit of telomerase (hTERT) with telomeres. However, reduction of the G overhangs and overall telomere sizes was found in cells overexpressing any of these three proteins. Cells overexpressing HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ also display a higher frequency of chromosome end-to-end associations and spontaneous chromosomal damage than the parental cells. None of these effects were observed in cells expressing mutants of GFP-ΔHP1Hsα, GFP-ΔHP1Hsβ, or GFP-ΔHP1Hsγ that had their chromodomains deleted. An increase in the cell population doubling time and higher sensitivity to cell killing by ionizing radiation (IR) treatment was also observed for cells overexpressing HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ. In contrast, cells expressing mutant GFP-ΔHP1Hsα or GFP-ΔHP1Hsβ showed a decrease in population doubling time and decreased sensitivity to IR compared to the parental cells. The effects on cell doubling times were paralleled by effects on tumorigenicity in mice: overexpression of HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ suppressed tumorigenicity, whereas expression of mutant HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ did not. Collectively, the results show that human cells are exquisitely sensitive to the amount of HP1Hsα or HP1Hsβ present, as their overexpression influences telomere stability, population doubling time, radioresistance, and tumorigenicity in a mouse xenograft model. In addition, the isoform-specific effects on telomeres reinforce the notion that telomeres are in a heterochromatinized state.
INTRA-BOW STATISTICS FOR IMPROVING VISUAL CATEGORIZATION

Research in video retrieval systems is mainly inspired by the state of the art text retrieval where high dimensional descriptors are quantized to visual words making a Bag Of Words (BOW) histogram for an image. For a small BOW model potentially different descriptors could get assigned to the same visual word. Recently however refinements have been proposed to recover some of this representation loss for this simplistic model of visual description by studying the distribution of descriptors within the visual words [1, 2, 3]. Following the same foot-steps we enhance the BOW by encoding the position of each of the descriptor inside the quantized cell according to its centroid. Embedding this information to represent images increases precision of video concept detection. We compare our method to a BOW based baseline on TRECVID 2007 and TRECVID 2010 [4] datasets and show that adding the refinement proposed always improves the semantic indexing task. We also compare our method to that of [3] and show that it outperforms the Hamming Embedding Similarity based classification on the TRECVID 2007 dataset and illustrates comparable performance on the TRECVID 2010 set.
Analysis and suppression of interaction between STATCOM and voltage-source inverter in islanded micro-grid

The interaction between STATCOM and voltage-source inverter (VSI) may cause instability in an islanded micro-grid. Impedance models of storage battery power convert system (PCS) and cascaded multilevel static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are established based on which the interaction mechanism between PCS and STATCOM is studied. Using Nyquist stability criterion and admittance ratio analysis, it is shown that stabilization of single converter is not sufficient for the whole system. A lead-lag compensator is applied to reshape the STATCOM impedance. Analysis shows that the compensator is effective to suppress system instability. Simulation and experiment are presented to verify the validity of analysis results.
RFID Multiprobe Impedance-Based Sensors

In this paper, a passive multiprobe sensor using conventional UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. The RFID link between the reader and the tag is analyzed from a general point of view by means of reciprocity principle, to obtain a compact and explicit expression of the response of RFID tags that can be exploited in sensing measurements. A calibration scheme to remove nonlinearities in the response of RFID tags, which are due to the scavenging powering mechanism of passive tags, is also presented along with measurements. Finally, experimental results and discussion of a complete multiprobe sensing scenario are used to show the different challenges involved and how to overcome them.
Leadership: Do networks matter?

Leadership has traditionally been viewed as a relationship between the leaders and their subordinates. Recent research has shown the significance of the social aspects of leadership. This view forms the basis for the research reported on in this paper. Social network analysis provides socio-metric measures of leadership, which can be associated with traditional measures of leadership. The research evaluates U.S. Military cadets' social networks of friendship, trust, and reputed leadership in concert with leadership attributes, organizational identity, and attitude. The significance of reputed leaders' social position is ascertained. Additionally, the channels and extent of influence of reputed d leaders over other cadets are assessed. A significant result was that leaders are not spreading their influence over the friendship network but over the leadership reputation network. Leaders have a particular influence on those who perceive them as leaders when it comes to leadership style and performance. This result contributes to our knowledge of “social leadership”, in particular, the ability to manage the social dynamics inherent in leadership.