Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel ZVT-ZCT-PWM Boost Converter

In this study, a new boost converter with an active snubber cell is proposed. The active snubber cell provides main switch to turn ON with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) and to turn OFF with zero-current transition (ZCT). The proposed converter incorporating this snubber cell can operate with soft switching at high frequencies. Also, in this converter all semiconductor devices operate with soft switching. There is no additional voltage stress across the main and auxiliary components. The converter has a simple structure, minimum number of components, and ease of control as well. The operation principle and detailed steady-state analysis of the novel ZVT-ZCT-PWM boost converter are given. The presented theoretical analysis is verified exactly by a prototype of 100 kHz and 1 kW converter. Also, the overall efficiency of the new converter has reached a value of 97.8% at nominal output power.
Performance and Characteristics of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Treating Soybean Wastewater

The performance and characteristic of a four compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating soybean wastewater were investigated. The effective volume of the reactor is 28 L. After inoculated with aerobic activated sludge of 18.0 g-L-1 in the term of mixed liquor volatile suspend solid (MLVSS), the ABR started up at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.2 kg-(m3-d)-1 with an influent COD of 2000 mg-L-1 and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 39.5 hrs under a temperature of (35plusmn1)degC. The ABR reached a steady state after 23 days for the first time with a COD removal of 96%. Since the 32nd day, the OLR increased to 6.0 kg-(m3-d)-1 step by step through increasing COD of the feed at the same HRT 39.5 hrs and temperature (35plusmn1)degC. Based on the analysis of liquid fermentation products, namely volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the microorganism communities showed an observable difference among the four compartments. The phase separation of different microorganism communities made the ABR have good operation stability to shock loads. When the OLR increased to 3.0, and then to 4.8 and to 6.0 kg-(m3-d)-1, the COD removal could always keep above 97%.
On directionality in language change with particular reference to grammaticalization

The issue of the directionality of grammaticalization has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as illustrated by works such as as Plank (1995) Frajzyngier (1997), Newmeyer (1998:Ch. 5), Haspelmath (1999a) (and the ensuing debate: Geurts 2000a, b; Haspelmath 2000b), the papers in the recent special issue of Language Sciences (Campbell (Ed.) 2001), Traugott (2001), Kim (2001), van der Auwera (2002), Heine (2003), and quite a few others. In this paper, I would like to put this issue in a somewhat broader perspective, discussing not only the unidirectionality of grammaticalization, but also unidirectionality in other areas of language change. But the main focus will be on grammaticalization, and after defending the unidirectionality claim for grammaticalization against several criticisms, I will examine a substantial number of alleged exceptions to the unidirectionality and show that only very few of them can be accepted as real exceptions. The paper is divided into three main sections, in which I will make the following larger points:
Causality Between Exports, Imports and Income In Trinidad and Tobago

This study examines the relationship between exports, imports and income in the economy of Trinidad and Tobago, using the methodology of Granger causality and error correction modeling. Our results show that there is unidirectional Granger causation from exports to income (GDP), and bidirectional causation between exports and imports and imports and income. The Economy of Trinidad and Tobago is a petroleum exporting economy where oil-export booms raise income levels, but this is usually followed by a slump. The bivariate models should be interpreted with caution because of the possibility of omitted variable bias. [F14, C22]
B Cell Receptors and Complement Receptors Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular Compartments1

The processing of exogenous Ags is an essential step for the generation of immunogenic peptides that will be presented to T cells. This processing relies on the efficient intracellular targeting of Ags, because it depends on the content of the compartments in which Ags are delivered in APCs. Opsonization of Ags by the complement component C3 strongly enhances their presentation by B cells and increases their immunogenicity in vivo. To investigate the role of C3 in the targeting of Ags, we compared the intracellular traffic of proteins internalized by complement receptor (CR) and B cell receptor (BCR) in B lymphocytes. Whereas both receptors are able to induce efficient Ag presentation, their intracellular pathways are different. CR ligand is delivered to compartments containing MHC class II molecules (MHC-II) but devoid of transferrin receptor and Lamp-2, whereas BCR rapidly targets its ligand toward Lamp-2-positive, late endosomal MHC-II-enriched compartments through intracellular vesicles containing transferrin receptor. CR and BCR are delivered to distinct endocytic pathways, and the kinetic evolution of the protein content of these pathways is very different. Both types of compartments contain MHC-II, but CR-targeted compartments receive less neosynthesized MHC-II than do BCR-targeted compartments. The targeting induced by CR toward compartments that are distinct from BCR-targeted compartments probably participates in C3 modulation of Ag presentation.
Performance evaluation of the English Premier Football League with data envelopment analysis

This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of English Premier League football clubs from 1998/99 to 2002/03 combining sport and financial variables. The paper evaluates how close the clubs are relative to the frontier of best practices, analysing how they manage sport as well as financial results. Managerial implications of the research are devised.
Development of an haptic interface based on twisted string actuators

In this paper, a cable-driven haptic interface able to move in the six-dimensional space, suitable for applications in various robotic scenarios is presented. The device takes advantage of four force-controlled twisted string actuators to generate a linear force along the three Cartesian space dimensions while providing a considerable force-weight ratio and low inertia. The system consists of a frame fixed to the ground, where the twisted string actuation modules are arranged, and by a mechanical interface devoted to the physical connection of the actuators with the forearm of the human operator. This mechanical interface allows to secure the forearm of the user while leaving to her/him the freedom to use the hand to accomplish other tasks, such as teleoperating a robotic gripper. The four twisted string actuators allow to control the three linear DoF of the haptic interface, allowing both Cartesian position and a force regulation. Both the design, the simulation and the preliminary implementation of the haptic interface are presented in this work.
Coding of variable dimension speech spectral vectors using weighted nonsquare transform vector quantization

This paper addresses the problem associated with variable-dimension vector quantization, and presents a new quantization technique that combines a variable-size nonsquare transform (NST) with a fixed-dimension vector quantizer. We show that all linear dimension conversion methods can be treated as special cases of a general approach for linear dimension conversion formulated as NST. By incorporating the speech perceptual properties, we introduce a technique called weighted nonsquare transform vector quantization (WNSTVQ) for the quantization of speech spectral vectors. We show that the total perceptual weighted distortion can be separated into the weighted modeling distortion, which is solely determined by the choice of transforms in WNSTVQ and the weighted quantizer distortion. We discuss the factors that influence the performance of the WNSTVQ system and provide a complexity analysis for two WNSTVQ implementations. Finally, experimental results are presented to show that the WNSTVQ system has the ability to trade performance for computational complexity and memory storage by selecting suitable transforms and/or the length of fixed-dimension vectors.
Creating Space for Research: The Charismatic Entrepreneur as Research Director

The paper discusses research leadership in public universities in a time of transformation. It focuses on the role of entrepreneurial strategies in creating space for research under conditions that increasingly depend on balancing managerial control in the university against openness to other knowledge organizations, arenas and networks. Here the generation of resources is becoming more important than ever, and a creative entrepreneurial strategy is a way to produce new knowledge centres. By analysing two new research groups in social science institutions in Denmark, we show how dilemmas, uncertainty and complex relations to other managerial systems in the universities can be decisive. Entrepreneurial network organizing offers a new platform for innovation in the university. We find that the charismatic traits of the research director have an important impact on the strength of this platform.
Identifying Potentially Preventable Complications Using a Present on Admission Indicator

This article describes the development of Potentially Preventable Complications (PPCs), a new method that uses a present on admission (POA) indicator to identify in-hospital complications among secondary diagnoses that arise after admission. Analyses that used PPCs to obtain risk-adjusted complication rates for California hospitals showed that (1) the POA indicator is essential for identifying complications, (2) frequency of complications varies by reason for admission and severity of illness (SOI), (3) complications are associated with higher hospital charges, longer lengths of stay, and increased mortality, and (4) hospital complication rates tend to be stable over time.
Analysis of China's Production- and Consumption-Based CO2 Emission Inventories

Abstract: China, as the biggest GHG emitter and the largest developing country, has been urged by international society to take responsibilities for reducing GHG, especially in the post-Kyoto commitment period. Currently, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) assigns the responsibility to parties who produce the pollution, using the production-based GHG emissions inventories. In this article, we analyze the difference between China's production- and consumption-based emission inventories and conclude that consumption-based GHG emission inventories are preferred; as it is fair that whoever consumes the emission should pay for their consumption. In addition, in order to consider environmental justice, policy-makers should take both economic and administrative measures to support poor provinces for reducing CO2 emissions.
Persistence Characteristics of Nordic Tourist Arrivals in Madeira and their Forecasting

Abstract This paper examines the degree of persistence in annual Nordic tourist arrivals on the island of Madeira by using data disaggregated by tourism-source countries. For this purpose, the paper adopts methodologies based on the concept of fractional integration. The stability of the fractional differencing parameter across the sample period is also analysed and a brief forecasting exercise is also conducted. The result indicates that the series are highly persistent and only Sweden presents a small degree of mean reverting behaviour. Managerial implications of the main findings are also discussed in the paper.
Comparative features of integrated library management software systems available in Delhi

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the progress of library management software and to trace out the characteristics and trends of software with special reference to packages that provide either web interface for some of their modules or total web‐based solutions for all management modules. The paper also seeks to compare services and facilities and technologies incorporated in library automation packages.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on a survey of software vendors in Delhi, India, aimed at knowing about the different features of the six software packages selected for this study. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire that was circulated among the software vendors.Findings – A variety of software is available in the software marketplace. However, only a few of them are fully web compatible and support maximum technological features.Research limitations/implications – The research focuses only on software packages which are available in Delhi.Practical implications – The compar.
Aalborg Universitet Coordinated Control of Multifunctional Inverters for Voltage Support and Harmonic Compensation in a Grid-Connected

In this paper, a coordinated harmonic compensation and voltage support scheme is presented for distributed generations’ (DGs’) interface inverters in a resistive grid-connected microgrid. Voltage support is performed by reactive power compensation which can mitigate the over/under voltage problem; furthermore, the active power curtailment is proposed in order to mitigate the overvoltage problem when the reactive power compensation is not sufficient. Harmonic compensation is achieved by using virtual admittances in selected harmonic frequencies. Reactive power and harmonic compensation currents are injected with regards to the limited capacity of the interface inverter. If necessary, the reference powers of the grid-tied inverters are changed. Voltage support and harmonic compensation can be achieved based on local or central (communication-based) measurement schemes. The effect of communication delay is also investigated in this study. Experimental and simulation results are obtained in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Coordinated Control of Multifunctional Inverters for Voltage Support and Harmonic Compensation In a Grid-Connected Microgrid Keyword: distributed generation; harmonics compensation; DG interfacing inverter; reactive power compensation.
Vertical Coopetition and the Sales Growth of Young and Small Firms

Vertical coopetition describes a situation where a firm has a vertical exchange relationship with a direct competitor. Drawing on resource‐based perspectives and resource dependence theory, we examine specific characteristics of vertical coopetition that affect the sales growth of young and small firms. We propose that the size of the competitor and mutual dependence as well as overdependence among the cooperating rivals affect the growth potential of young and small firms differently. Our research makes a contribution to the literature by disentangling some of the benefits and threats related to vertical coopetition for young and small firms.
The Public and the Supreme Court: Individual Justice Responsiveness to American Policy Moods

Theory: Individual Supreme Court justices care about policy, but they must compete with popular institutions for policy control. They also care about their institution. In order to secure as much as they can of policy goals and protect their institution, they adjust policy decisions at the margins in response to mass public opinion. Hypotheses: Individual Supreme Court justice liberalism depends on shifts in mass public opinion through time. Methods: We test hypotheses using pooled time series cross-section analysis, with the individual justice-term as the unit of analysis. Results: Controlling for the changing composition of the Court, attitudinal inertia of justices, and the strength of judicial ideologies, we find that public opinion directly affects decisions by individual members of the Court. We show that the result holds across various issue areas, is not restricted to only a few justices, and that the justices' responses are relatively quick with a lag of only one term.
Pulmonary Infections in the Athlete

Despite their general high level of health, athletes are not free from the threat of developing pulmonary infection. Prompt diagnosis and proper treatment are important given the effects of pulmonary infection upon athletic performance and time away from training. This article reviews common etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia and a more in-depth discussion of mycoplasma pneumonie and influenza. Current treatment guidelines, acute bronchitis, fungal pulmonary infection, and return to play principles also are discussed.
Stochastic Optimization for Deployment of Correlated Cloud Services Over Optical Networks

Motivated by the diffusion of cloud-based services and the need for high-performance flexible networks to support interconnection of geographically dispersed data centers, this letter focuses on the deployment of correlated cloud services over optical networks. A stochastic optimization model that aims at minimizing the total service deployment cost has been developed. Service correlation is modeled as a stationary stochastic process and the sample average approximation method is used to solve the relevant problems. The results quantify the impact of service correlation and the benefits of applying stochastic optimization when planning suitable infrastructures.
Deregulation of MYCN, LIN28B and LET7 in a Molecular Subtype of Aggressive High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers

Molecular subtypes of serous ovarian cancer have been recently described. Using data from independent datasets including over 900 primary tumour samples, we show that deregulation of the Let-7 pathway is specifically associated with the C5 molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancer. DNA copy number and gene expression of HMGA2, alleles of Let-7, LIN28, LIN28B, MYC, MYCN, DICER1, and RNASEN were measured using microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 127 samples using tissue microarrays and anti-HMGA2 antibodies. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of bacterial artificial chromosomes hybridized to 239 ovarian tumours was used to measure translocation at the LIN28B locus. Short interfering RNA knockdown in ovarian cell lines was used to test the functionality of associations observed. Four molecular subtypes (C1, C2, C4, C5) of high-grade serous ovarian cancers were robustly represented in each dataset and showed similar pattern of patient survival. We found highly specific activation of a pathway involving MYCN, LIN28B, Let-7 and HMGA2 in the C5 molecular subtype defined by MYCN amplification and over-expression, over-expression of MYCN targets including the Let-7 repressor LIN28B, loss of Let-7 expression and HMGA2 amplification and over-expression. DICER1, a known Let-7 target, and RNASEN were over-expressed in C5 tumours. We saw no evidence of translocation at the LIN28B locus in C5 tumours. The reported interaction between LIN28B and Let-7 was recapitulated by siRNA knockdown in ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results associate deregulation of MYCN and downstream targets, including Let-7 and oncofetal genes, with serous ovarian cancer. We define for the first time how elements of an oncogenic pathway, involving multiple genes that contribute to stem cell renewal, is specifically altered in a molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancer. By defining the drivers of a molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancers we provide a novel strategy for targeted therapeutic intervention.
Toward a New Learning Ecology: Professional Development for Teachers in 1:1 Learning Environments

Abstract As the nation’s economy continues its irrevocable shift from manufacturing toward idea-driven, creative industries, our schools — and the teaching and learning enterprise at the heart of our schools — need to undergo a transformation as well. The result of such a transformation needs to be a type of educational experience and expertise that will not only support but also ignite participation in — and leadership for — an idea-driven, creative economy. Equally important as supporting a new economy is educational experience and expertise that supports a global citizenry. This paper argues for the importance of 1:1 laptop environments and related professional development initiatives as the catalysts for a new learning ecology that provide the dynamic educational reform described above. Many colleges of education, specifically those emphasizing the preparation of teachers for proficiency with new literacies and emerging technologies, are uniquely positioned to play a pivotal role in the creation of the next generation of schools. Although the Department of Education’s Race to the Top reform initiative (U.S. Department of Education, 2010) is highly competitive and also somewhat controversial, it points out the current administration’s emphasis on innovation, especially with regard to 21st-century skills and tools.
Asset specificity, capital intensity and capital structure: An empirical test

Capital investment and capital financing decisions interact. To resolve current controversies in investment-leverage-growth relationships requires an integrated industrial organization/financial economics empirical model of profit margins, capital investment intensity, leverage and risk. Using cumulative future losses in discontinued operations to measure the asset specificity of the firm's investments, empiricai results support a complementary (positive) relationship between debt and investment, the debt financing of verifiable contemporaneous growth, equity financing of future growth and the debt financing of specific assets. This evidence rejects the transactions cost theory of capital structure in Fortune 500 firms.
BioCLink: A Probabilistic Approach for Improving Genomics Search with Citation Links

Combination of multiple evidences has been shown to be effective in genomics literature retrieval. Citation information is an intuitive evidence for facilitating literature retrieval. Previous research on citation analysis has demonstrated that useful linkage information can be extracted from the citation graph. However, the question of how the combination of citation evidence and content evidence should be done to maximize retrieval accuracy still remains largely unanswered. In this paper, we propose BioCLink, a new probabilistic approach that integrates citation evidence into content-based weighting function for improving genomics literature retrieval performance. Based on findings of our previous study, a strategy for modeling citation evidence is proposed. BioCLink provides the combination of content and citation evidences with a theoretical support. Moreover, exhaustiveparameter tuning can be avoided using BioCLink. Extensive experiments on TREC 2006 and 2007 Genomics collections demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Strategic Effects of Private Labels

This paper presents a model of retailer-manufacturer interaction that focuses on retail competition between national brands and private labels positioned by retailers to compete with them. The final demand side involves vertical differentiation between the private label (low quality) and the national brand (high quality). It is assumed that production costs for the national brand and the private label differ not only by sunk costs (advertising) but also by marginal costs, and that the marginal cost function is increasing and convex in quality. We study equilibrium price strategies for both agents when the quality of the private label varies and we compute the optimal private label quality from the retailer's point of view. We also determine the effect of the private label on the agents' profits. Our results suggest that the wholesale price of the branded good may increase as the private label good becomes a closer substitute for it. Moreover, introducing a private label reduces the double marginalisation problem in the vertical structural. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.