Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biogenic Vocs over West Africa during Amma

This paper presents measurements of organic aerosols above subtropical West Africa during the wet season using data from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft. Measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) at low altitudes over these subtropical forests were made during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field experiment during July and August 2006 mainly above Benin, Nige-ria and Niger. Data from an Aerodyne Quadrupole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer show a median organic aerosol loading of 1.07 µg m −3 over tropical West Africa, which represents the first regionally averaged assessment of organic aerosol mass (OM) in this region during the wet season. This is broadly in agreement with global model predictions based on partitioning schemes, although there are large uncertainties associated with such estimates. In contrast our own calculations based on aerosol yields from isoprene and monoter-penes during chamber studies under represent the OM measured in this region on a comparable scale to the under representations of OM by predictive models in the mid latitudes. As global models rely on similar yield calculations in their global estimates, as our calculations this points to further systematic differences between global model estimates and measurements of SOA, most likely caused by use of incorrect BVOC emission rates. The under predictions of OM by our calculations and those in the mid latitudes employ yields extrapolated from chamber data obtained at higher mass concentrations – more recent yield data for α-pinene obtained at ambient concentrations in a flow through chamber (Shilling et al., 2008) show considerably better agreement with our data.
LC2: Limited contention level converter for robust wide-range voltage conversion

We propose a robust single-stage static level converter called LC2 that uses a pulsed control strategy to avoid contention. It reliably converts from 0.3V to 2.5V across wide PVT ranges. Fabricated in 130nm CMOS, 80 measured converters have an average delay of 2.38FO4 and 229fJ switching energy, marking 3.0× and 7.4× improvements over the best prior work. It consumes 475pW static power.
Dealing with Uncertainties in Queues and Networks of Queues: a Bayesian Approach

Queues and networks queues are systems which have been widely and successfully applied to the modelling and study of the performance of complex interacting stochastic systems, in which congestion occur. The intuitive notion of a waiting line adequately conveys the idea behind queueing systems, and queueing networks arise when customers require more than one service and upon completion of the service in one station they have to proceed to another one. Queueing theory is an area of impressive activity. However, inferential analyses of such systems are still rare, and it is specially so for networks of queues. In this paper, some work of the authors on Bayesian analysis and design of M=M=c (including M=M=1 and M=M=1) queues is reviewed. This review is somewhat non-standard in that the emphasis is not in collecting the results but in highlighting those aspects of the inferential process that make it convenient, easy and natural the use of Bayesian methods. We also point to some of the challenging questions still open in this approach and some partial solutions that we have developed. Last, we deal with some of the issues that arise when statistically analysing queueing networks and present a Bayesian analysis of some simple Jackson networks.
MobiCo m 2010 Poster : SMOOTH : A Si m ple Way To Model Hu m an Walks

In addition to being realistic, a mobility model should be easy to understand and use. Unfortunately, most of the simple mobility models proposed thus far are not realistic and most of the realistic mobility models proposed thus far are not simple to use. In this work, we present SMOOTH, a new mobility model that is realistic and simple to use. SMOOTH imitates a recently published mobility model, SLAW, that is realistic but not simple to use. While SLAW was constructed by extracting statistical features of real human movement, it has input parameters that are very complex to set. SMOOTH, on the other hand, is realistic (as SMOOTH is based on the real GPS traces used by SLAW) and is simple to use (as SMOOTH avoids SLAW’s complex input parameters). The main contribution of our work is to provide the research community with a simple, realistic mobility model.
Uncertainty About the Rest of the Sentence

A word-by-word human sentence processing complexity metric is presented. This metric formalizes the intuition that comprehenders have more trouble on words contributing larger amounts of information about the syntactic structure of the sentence as a whole. The formalization is in terms of the conditional entropy of grammatical continuations, given the words that have been heard so far. To calculate the predictions of this metric, Wilson and Carroll's (1954) original entropy reduction idea is extended to infinite languages. This is demonstrated with a mildly context-sensitive language that includes relative clauses formed on a variety of grammatical relations across the Accessibility Hierarchy of Keenan and Comrie (1977). Predictions are derived that correlate significantly with repetition accuracy results obtained in a sentence-memory experiment (Keenan & Hawkins, 1987).
Analysis of menstrual hygiene practices in Nepal: the role of WASH in Schools programme for girls education

In Nepal, 48% of women and girls are between the ages of 15-44. Though menstruation is a natural process, it remains a taboo and is stigmatized, and in worst case scenarios promotes negative cultural practices impacting the lives, health, and safety of women and girls. UNICEF conducted a research to explore the socio-cultural practices related to menstruation and management and consequences pertaining to girls’ education. The research indicated that despite availability of WASH facilities in schools, girls often struggled to manage their menstruation hygiene confidently and effectively. Many girls experienced shame, fear, confusion, teasing, lack of accurate information and advice. 15 to 22% of girls missed schools due to menstruation. The research found a significant impact of WASH Programme with 53% of girls in Bajura district using sanitary pads. The study recommends multidimensional interventions to address the issues identified. This paper presents aimed at sharing the results from this study.
A negative nontreponemal and/or specific antitreponemal IgM test does not exclude active infectious syphilis: evidence from a rabbit infectivity test

Background: The diagnostic criteria for active infectious syphilis in the clinic are important matter of controversy and debate. So far, clinicians habitually do use the negative results of the nontreponemal and/or the specific antitreponemal IgM as the evidences of disease-free or active infection-free status. Method: We present a case study involving a patient who was admitted to Zhongshan Hospital because of cerebral infarct. Clinical examination indicated he had a history of latent syphilis with negative nontreponemal and specific antitreponemal IgM tests. The cerebrospinal fluid sample from the patient was inoculated into seronegative New Zealand rabbit. Results: Motile Treponema pallidum was detected by a rabbit infectivity test in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. This syphilis strain was confirmed by DNA subtyping form of “centers for disease control subtype/tp0548 sequence type”, and the strain type was 14d/f. Treatment with benzathine penicillin provided no apparent benefit, but treatment with aqueous crystalline penicillin G, especially recommended for neurosyphilis, led to disease regression. No evidence of cerebral infarct was observed during a 2-year follow-up period. Conclusion: The definitive differential diagnosis of active infectious syphilis should be reconsidered. Moreover, selecting the appropriate penicillin preparation is important because T pallidum can reside in sequestered sites. It is necessary to treat a patient with known invasion of the central nervous system with aqueous crystalline penicillin G, if previous treatment for syphilis failed and patients had some clinical neurological presentation that is otherwise unexplained, but that could represent neurosyphilis. Additional studies are needed to confirm the results in other syphilis patients.
Easy and Rapid Purification of Highly Active Nisin

Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced and secreted by several L. lactis strains and is specifically active against Gram-positive bacteria. In previous studies, nisin was purified via cation exchange chromatography at low pH employing a single-step elution using 1 M NaCl. Here, we describe an optimized purification protocol using a five-step NaCl elution to remove contaminants. The obtained nisin is devoid of impurities and shows high bactericidal activity against the nisin-sensitive L. lactis strain NZ9000. Purified nisin exhibits an IC50 of ~3 nM, which is a tenfold improvement as compared to nisin obtained via the one-step elution procedure.
Differentiating Wheat Genotypes by Bayesian Hierarchical Nonlinear Mixed Modeling of Wheat Root Density

Ensuring future food security for a growing population while climate change and urban sprawl put pressure on agricultural land will require sustainable intensification of current farming practices. For the crop breeder this means producing higher crop yields with less resources due to greater environmental stresses. While easy gains in crop yield have been made mostly “above ground,” little progress has been made “below ground”; and yet it is these root system traits that can improve productivity and resistance to drought stress. Wheat pre-breeders use soil coring and core-break counts to phenotype root architecture traits, with data collected on rooting density for hundreds of genotypes in small increments of depth. The measured densities are both large datasets and highly variable even within the same genotype, hence, any rigorous, comprehensive statistical analysis of such complex field data would be technically challenging. Traditionally, most attributes of the field data are therefore discarded in favor of simple numerical summary descriptors which retain much of the high variability exhibited by the raw data. This poses practical challenges: although plant scientists have established that root traits do drive resource capture in crops, traits that are more randomly (rather than genetically) determined are difficult to breed for. In this paper we develop a hierarchical nonlinear mixed modeling approach that utilizes the complete field data for wheat genotypes to fit, under the Bayesian paradigm, an “idealized” relative intensity function for the root distribution over depth. Our approach was used to determine heritability: how much of the variation between field samples was purely random vs. being mechanistically driven by the plant genetics? Based on the genotypic intensity functions, the overall heritability estimate was 0.62 (95% Bayesian confidence interval was 0.52 to 0.71). Despite root count profiles that were statistically very noisy, our approach led to denoised profiles which exhibited rigorously discernible phenotypic traits. Profile-specific traits could be representative of a genotype, and thus, used as a quantitative tool to associate phenotypic traits with specific genotypes. This would allow breeders to select for whole root system distributions appropriate for sustainable intensification, and inform policy for mitigating crop yield risk and food insecurity.
Distribution System Analysis and the Future Smart Grid

The “smart grid” refers to various efforts to modernize the power grid through the application of alternate sources of energy and intelligent devices. The present national interest in smart grid applications has generated many questions concerning the role of distribution engineering in the future. What features do utility engineers need in distribution system analysis tools to support the future smart grid? This paper will discuss some relevant Electric Power Research Institute research in this area that focuses on selected issues related to smart grid analysis relevant to rural utilities. The essential characteristics of distribution system analysis tools to support analysis of these issues are discussed.
Study on target localization system based on auditory of mobile robot

Based on the target localization of mobile robot, this paper has studied the localization system based on auditory perception mode. A model of the auditory system is established using bionics method so that the robot have the ability to handle the sound information and enhance its ability adapt to the environment. By designing the efficient denoising method to sound information, the robot can separate the right target sound source from the complicated sound. Then, the robot computes the orientation of target sound source using the sound localization method with high real-time. Finally, emulational experiments validate the correctness of the auditory system and the accuracy of the sound localization. They show that the robot is capable of localizing the sound source target accurately and real-time.
Estimation of average switching activity in combinational and sequential circuits

The authors address the problem of estimating the average power dissipated in VLSI combinational and sequential circuits, under random input sequences. Switching activity is strongly affected by gate delays and for this reason a general delay model is used in estimating switching activity. The method takes into account correlation caused at internal gates in the circuit due to reconvergence of input signals. In sequential circuits, the input sequence applied to the combinational portion of the circuit is highly correlated because some of the inputs to the combinational logic are flip-flop outputs representing the state of the circuit. Methods are presented to probabilistically estimate switching activity in sequential circuits. These methods automatically compute the switching rates and correlations between flip-flop outputs. <<ETX>>
SPID 4 . 5 : A Selective Pseudo Iterative Deletion Discretization Algorithm for Machine Learning , Uncertain Reasoning & Pattern Recognition

Many machine learning algorithms developed for classification, prediction and uncertain reasoning cannot handle continuous features. To use them on real world data sets, continuous attributes must be discretized into small number of distinct ranges. Also discretization provides an insight into critical values in continuous attributes. In this work (SPID4.5), an improvement of our previously published work SPID3, we iteratively compute pseudo deletion count at each boundary point of all continuous attributes and accept threshold points which reduce noise in the database most. The successive reduction of noise in the database results in a better discretization. Our extensive empirical experiments with real world datasets show that the state of the art algorithms for learning like CN2, C4.5, RISE and Naïve-Bayes give improvements in performance with SPID4.5 discretization and comparison with other supervised learning methods like MDLP and Chi-Merge show that SPID 4.5 achieves a highly competitive performance.
Significant Association between Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Uranium-Reducing Microbial Communities as Revealed by a Combined Massively Parallel Sequencing-Indicator Species Approach

ABSTRACT Massively parallel sequencing has provided a more affordable and high-throughput method to study microbial communities, although it has mostly been used in an exploratory fashion. We combined pyrosequencing with a strict indicator species statistical analysis to test if bacteria specifically responded to ethanol injection that successfully promoted dissimilatory uranium(VI) reduction in the subsurface of a uranium contamination plume at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center in Tennessee. Remediation was achieved with a hydraulic flow control consisting of an inner loop, where ethanol was injected, and an outer loop for flow-field protection. This strategy reduced uranium concentrations in groundwater to levels below 0.126 μM and created geochemical gradients in electron donors from the inner-loop injection well toward the outer loop and downgradient flow path. Our analysis with 15 sediment samples from the entire test area found significant indicator species that showed a high degree of adaptation to the three different hydrochemical-created conditions. Castellaniella and Rhodanobacter characterized areas with low pH, heavy metals, and low bioactivity, while sulfate-, Fe(III)-, and U(VI)-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Anaeromyxobacter, and Desulfosporosinus) were indicators of areas where U(VI) reduction occurred. The abundance of these bacteria, as well as the Fe(III) and U(VI) reducer Geobacter, correlated with the hydraulic connectivity to the substrate injection site, suggesting that the selected populations were a direct response to electron donor addition by the groundwater flow path. A false-discovery-rate approach was implemented to discard false-positive results by chance, given the large amount of data compared.
Mentoring in Development of the Regional Education System

The paper analyzes the approaches to the organization of mentoring in works of foreign as well as domestic authors on experience of the regional educational institution, shows the mentoring role in the development of personnel structure. Methodical approaches, recommendations on the introduction of mentoring in educational institutions are being considered, in which the order of mentoring organization is defined, and approaches to the choice of mentors and persons are examined. The paper contains the list of actions for implementation of the mentoring and a set of tools promoting the learning efficiency. Today mentoring is an important method of personnel work, providing the fastest adaptation, professional development and career development. Keywords—mentoring; adaptation; career development; education system; region
The Stanford Microarray Database

The Stanford Microarray Database (SMD) stores raw and normalized data from microarray experiments, and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve, analyze and visualize their data. The two immediate goals for SMD are to serve as a storage site for microarray data from ongoing research at Stanford University, and to facilitate the public dissemination of that data once published, or released by the researcher. Of paramount importance is the connection of microarray data with the biological data that pertains to the DNA deposited on the microarray (genes, clones etc.). SMD makes use of many public resources to connect expression information to the relevant biology, including SGD [Ball,C.A. , Dolinski,K. , Dwight,S.S. , Harris,M.A., Issel-Tarver,L. , Kasarskis,A. , Scafe,C.R. , Sherlock,G. , Binkley,G. , Jin,H. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 77-80], YPD and WormPD [Costanzo,M.C. , Hogan,J.D. , Cusick,M.E. , Davis,B.P., Fancher,A.M., Hodges,P.E. , Kondu,P., Lengieza,C. , Lew-Smith,J.E. , Lingner,C. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 73-76], Unigene [Wheeler,D.L. , Chappey,C. , Lash,A.E. , Leipe,D.D. , Madden,T.L. , Schuler,G.D. , Tatusova,T.A. and Rapp,B.A. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 10-14], dbEST [Boguski,M.S., Lowe,T.M. and Tolstoshev,C.M. (1993) Nature Genet. , 4, 332-333] and SWISS-PROT [Bairoch,A. and Apweiler,R. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 45-48] and can be accessed at http://genome-www.stanford. edu/microarray.
Emotions, positive self-regulation and resilience. Development and validation of alternative theoretical models and its assessment instrument / Emociones, autorregulación positiva y resiliencia. Desarrollo y validación de modelos teóricos alternativos y su instrumento de evaluación

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the organization of emotion coping strategies that reflect positive emotional self-regulation through the contrast of four theoretical models, as well as the relationship between such strategies and resilience. With this aim, the Positive Emotional Self-regulation Questionnaire (PEMSR-Q) for adolescents was developed. A total of 336 secondary school students formed the sample. In order to analyse model fit, four confirmatory factor analyses were realized (a one-factor model/a-three factors model/a hierarchical model/a bifactor model), as well as correlation and regression analyses to determine its concurrent validity. Results have shown that the bi-factor model has the best fit. Besides, the combination of positive self-regulation strategies and problem-focused strategies is associated with better resilience. These results underlie the importance of helping adolescents to develop and use positive self-regulation strategies to increase their resilience.
The Factors of Physical Activities in Russian Youth: Evidence from Micro-Data

Physical activity is considered today as a leading factor in health and well-being in developed countries. With decreasing levels of alcohol and tobacco consumption, widespread sedentary lifestyles have taken centre stage among the predictors of non-communicable diseases. That is why Russia, along with other countries, has adopted the “Physical activity strategy for the WHO European Region 2016–2025”. Young people are among the target groups of public policy promoting physical activity. This paper investigates physical activity among young people aged 15 to 24 years. The empirical study is based on a descriptive and econometric analysis of micro-data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), 2000–2016. The research shows that 50% of young men and 65% of young women do not exercise on a regular basis. Both for men and for women, the probability of physical activity is positively related to their educational level, household income, and residence in capital cities. Negative relations were found between the probability of physical activity and smoking, status of married person, and employed and non-employed status. The results for alcohol consumption, body mass index and self-assessed health are inconclusive for this age group. The results confirm the necessity of better-targeted public policy motivating physical activity in youth. Overall, policy measures motivating young people to take part in physical activity will have a long-term effect. Habits developed in youth often persist into adulthood. The result will be a gain in the health and longevity of the Russian population.
An accurate slew metric for on-chip VLSI interconnect using Weibull distribution function

Slew rate determines the ability of a device to handle the varying signals. Determination of the slew rate to a good proximity is thus essential for efficient design of high speed CMOS integrated circuits. This in turn estimates the output switching surges in the device. Interconnect slew has become a crucial bottleneck for any high density and high speed VLSI circuits. In this paper we have proposed an accurate and efficient model to compute the slew metric of on-chip interconnect of high speed CMOS VLSI deigns. Our slew metric is based on the weibull distribution function. Comparison of simulation results with other established models justifies the accuracy of our slew approach.