Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THREE Using Microgenetic Designs to Study Change Processes

The process of change represents a main, central issue for the study of development. Basic and applied researchers in developmental science have aimed their research work at answering several key questions related to the problem of change. How does change occur? What mechanisms produce change? What conditions are likely to promote the emergence of change in development? Another related question concerns the stability versus instability of new behavioral patterns that emerge as a consequence of an intervention. What are the relationships between variability and stability in developmental processes? Does the emergence of new behavioral patterns tend to suppress the old patterns or to coexist with them? Nevertheless, observing and understanding how change occurs has been recognized to be a quite difficult and challenging task (Miller & Coyle, 1999; Siegler & Crowley, 1991). This is despite recent advances in both theoretical perspectives and methods focused on change processes that have brought considerable progress in the research field (see “Microgenetic designs as promising tools,” below). Part of the challenge is due to the complexity of conceptualizing change processes. It is our contention, however, that the main problem appears to come from the difficulty of devising and implementing appropriate methods for studying change while it is occurring (Fogel, 1990; Kuhn, 1995; Siegler, 1995), instead of comparing preand post-change behavioral patterns. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate a research design, referred to as microgenetic designs, specifically devised for documenting change processes in development. First, we discuss the limitations of traditional research designs to capture ongoing processes of change. We then present microgenetic designs through an illustration of their key characteristics. This is followed by a review of the theoretical foundations of microgenetic designs as well as some of the historical and current observational and experimental
An extended Akers graphical method with a biased random-key genetic algorithm for job-shop scheduling

This paper presents a local search, based on a new neighborhood for the job-shop scheduling problem, and its application within a biased random-key genetic algorithm. Schedules are constructed by decoding the chromosome supplied by the genetic algorithm with a procedure that generates active schedules. After an initial schedule is obtained, a local search heuristic, based on an extension of the 1956 graphical method of Akers, is applied to improve the solution. The new heuristic is tested on a set of 205 standard instances taken from the job-shop scheduling literature and compared with results obtained by other approaches. The new algorithm improved the best-known solution values for 57 instances.
DESIGN EXPLORATION OF AUGMENTED PAPER MAPS

: Paper maps and mobile electronic devices have complementary strengths and shortcomings in outdoor use. In many scenarios like small craft sailing or cross-country trekking a complete replacements of maps is neither useful nor desirable. Paper maps are fail-safe, relatively cheap, offer superior resolution and provide large scale overview. In uses like open-water sailing it is therefore mandatory to carry adequate maps/charts. GPS based mobile devices, on the other hand, offer useful features like automatic positioning and plotting, real-time information update and dynamic adaptation to user requirements. While paper maps are now commonly used in combination with mobile GPS devices there is no meaningful integration between the two and the combined use leads to a number of interaction problems and potential safety issues. In this paper we explore the design space of augmented paper maps in which maps are augmented with additional functionality through a mobile device to achieve a meaningful integration between device and map that combines their respective strengths.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Assessment of space proton radiation-induced charge transfer inefficiency in the CCD 204 for the Euclid space observatory Journal Article

Euclid is a medium class European Space Agency mission candidate for launch in 2019 with a primary goal to study the dark universe using the weak lensing and baryonic acoustic oscillations techniques. Weak lensing depends on accurate shape measurements of distant galaxies. Therefore it is beneficial that the effects of radiation-induced charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) in the Euclid CCDs over the course of the 5 year mission at L2 are understood. This will allow, through experimental analysis and modelling techniques, the effects of radiation induced CTI on shape to be decoupled from those of mass inhomogeneities along the line-of-sight. This paper discusses a selection of work from the study that has been undertaken using the e2v CCD204 as part of the initial proton radiation damage assessment for Euclid. The experimental arrangement and procedure are described followed by the results obtained, thereby allowing recommendations to be made on the CCD operating temperature, to provide an insight into CTI effects using an optical background, to assess the benefits of using charge injection on CTI recovery and the effect of the use of two different methods of serial clocking on serial CTI. This work will form the basis 1Corresponding author. c © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA doi:10.1088/1748-0221/7/01/C01030 2 0 1 2 J I N S T 7 C 0 1 0 3 0 of a comparison with a p-channel CCD204 fabricated using the same mask set as the n-channel equivalent. A custom CCD has been designed, based on this work and discussions between e2v technologies plc. and the Euclid consortium, and designated the CCD273.
Technical note: A stratospheric climatology for O 3 , H 2 O and CH 4 derived from HALOE measurements

Technical note: A stratospheric climatology for O3, H2O and CH4 derived from HALOE measurements J.-U. Grooß and J. M. Russell III Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Hampton University, Hampton VA, USA Received: 11 April 2005 – Accepted: 15 April 2005 – Published: 12 May 2005 Correspondence to: J.-U. Grooß (j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de) © 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Development of Farmer Field School methodology for smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya.

Currently, over 500 Farmer Field Schools (FFS) on integrated pest management (IPM) and/or integrated soil management are being successfully implemented in Kenya and many more in Africa as a whole. The FFS methodology needs to be developed for similarly complex situations like animal health and production where responses to interventions may not be as fast. In a recent study in Central and Rift Valley Provinces of Kenya, approximately 90% of rural households were agricultural and of these 73% had dairy cattle. In the DFID bilaterally funded Smallholder Dairy Project (SDP) characterisation and longitudinal monitoring of smallholder dairy farms has confirmed that in Rift Valley Province, smallholder farmers consider endemic diseases, particularly tick-borne diseases (TBD), and inadequate supplies of feed resources the major constraints to increased dairy production. The livestock FFS project started in April 2001 and funded by the DFID Animal Health Programme and FAO, is adapting and testing the FFS methodology for animal health and production, focussing upon smallholder dairy farmers. Ten pilot FFS have been established in five different agro-ecological zones in Central, Rift Valley and Coastal Provinces of Kenya. Implementation of these FFS is allowing adaptation of agro-ecological system analysis (AESA) with the animal as a focal point and development of participatory technology development (PTD) to address livestock related issues. Approaches and methods to test and introduce integrated methods to control tick-borne diseases and helminth infections and to improve animal husbandry practices and the efficiency of utilization of available feed resources within the crop-dairy system are being developed.
A combination of Wilcoxon test and R-estimates for document organization and retrieval

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is exploited for document organization and retrieval in this paper. A novel modeling method for documents and a distance metric between documents are proposed. Both document modeling and document comparisons are based on signed-ranks and are applied to the frequency of occurrence of the document bigrams. A metric using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test exploits these signedranks to assess the contextual similarity between the documents. A variant of the self-organizing map algorithm (SOM), the so-called Wilcoxon SOM, is built. The quality of the document clustering produced by the Wilcoxon SOM against the standard SOM is compared in terms of their average recallprecision rates for document retrieval based on the document clusters formed. The reported improvements in recall and precision are shown to be statistically significant.
The key techniques research on portable EEG examination expert system

In this paper we present an EEG detection system, which is a low-cost, portable, popularization. It is realized the low cost, mass brain health examination through the mobile phone software and networking in the "cloud" of the EEG pattern recognition expert database. The main functions of the system include: (1) through the mobile phone to control the EEG data acquisition; (2) established the expert system database of EEG patterns; (3) the EEG patterns, connected to the Internet matching. The key technologies of portable EEG health examination expert system such as structured storage of EEG data, feature extraction, construction of knowledge database and pattern matching are also discussed and researched in the paper.
Augmentation of in vitro humoral immune responses in the mouse by an antibody to IgD

Heterologous anti-delta-chain antibodies have an adjuvant effect on specific in vivo humoral immune responses to simultaneously, or subsequently, injected antigens in the rat and rhesus monkey. We have used a hybridoma-secreted antibody that binds murine delta-chain of the allotype (4.22aM delta a) to study this phenomenon in the mouse and to investigate the mechanism of this effect. Injection of 4.22aM delta a into BALB/c mice removes almost all surface IgD (sIgD) from splenic B lymphocites. sIgD does not reappear until the serum level of 4.22aM delta a decreased 5-7 d after injection. 4.22aM delta a fails to induce detectable proliferation or to raise total serum Ig levels substantially above control values. However, 4.22aM dalta a injected 24 h before antigen elicits an approximately twofold enhancement of serum IgM and a 3- to 10-fold enhancement of serum IgG anti-trintriphenyl (TNP) antibodies in response to immunization with optimal doses of TNP- Ficoll or TNP-sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC). 4.22aM delta a injected 1 wk before or 3 d after TNP-SRBC, however, has no effect on IgG anti- TNP levels. The adjuvant effect of anti-delta-chain antibody was markedly decreased when suboptimal antigen doses were used. Furthermore, even in the case of TNP-Ficoll, a relatively T-independent antigen, the ability of 4.22aM dalta a to enhance the anti-TNP antibody response was T cell dependent. Our data suggest that the binding of anti-delta-chain antibody to cell sIgD may partially activate B lymphocytes and make them more capable of differentiating into antibody- secreting cells when stimulated by antigen-specific T cell help.
Recent advances in miniaturization of Substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters and its applications in tunable filters

The concept of Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has emerged to be a good replacement of rectangular waveguides in low-cost and high-volume microwave and millimeter wave band applications. A number of bandpass filters have been developed since the advent of the SIW technology. However, its various forms have also been introduced in order to bring about further reduction in the footprint of these filters. This paper presents a review on the technological implementation of Substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters and its variant miniaturization techniques developed so far. It also covers the SIW technology applied in tunable filters.
Structural parameters of nearby emission-line galaxies

We present the results of an investigation on the main structural properties derived from VRI and Ha surface photometry of galaxies hosting nuclear emission-line regions [including Seyfert 1, Seyfert 2, low-ionization nuclear emission region (LINER) and starburst galaxies] as compared with normal galaxies. Our original sample comprises 22 active galaxies, four starbursts and one normal galaxy and has been extended with several samples obtained from the literature. Bulge and disc parameters, along with the bulge-to-disc luminosity ratio, have been derived applying an iterative procedure. The resulting parameters have been combined with additional data in order to reach a statistically significant sample. We find some differences in the bulge distribution across the different nuclear types that could imply families of bulges with different physical properties. Bulge and disc characteristic colours have been defined and derived for our sample and compared with a control sample of early-type objects. The results suggest that bulge and disc stellar populations are comparable in normal and active galaxies.
Highly dynamic distributed computing with byzantine failures

This paper shows for the first time that distributed computing can be both reliable and efficient in an environment that is both highly dynamic and hostile. More specifically, we show how to maintain clusters of size O(log N), each containing more than two thirds of honest nodes with high probability, within a system whose size can vary polynomially with respect to its initial size. Furthermore, the communication cost induced by each node arrival or departure is polylogarithmic with respect to N, the maximal size of the system. Our clustering can be achieved despite the presence of a Byzantine adversary controlling a fraction τ ≤ 1⁄3-ε of the nodes, for some fixed constant ε > 0, independent of N. So far, such a clustering could only be performed for systems whose size can vary constantly and it was not clear whether that was at all possible for polynomial variances.
Real-Time Binding Kinetics Monitored with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging in a Diffusion-Free Environment

Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) is an optical technique emerged as a powerful tool for the simul- taneous monitoring of interactions of biomolecules arrayed onto gold substrates. To take fully advantage of the SPRI ap- proach a precise control of the fluidic of the analyte solution is imposed. The diffusion between the flowing buffer and the analyte solution which is established within the fluidic system creates a liquid volume where a gradient in the analyte con- centration is present. Such gradient is shown to affect the kinetics parameters obtained from the SPRI response. We pre- sent results obtained from a new delivery approach based on the use of air bubbles. The advantages offered by the new approach are demonstrated by using two different interacting biomolecular systems: the streptavidin-biotin system and the Ricinus Communis Agglutinin lectin-asialofetuin.
Veri cation of a Production Cell using an Automatic Veri cation Environment for VHDL

This paper presents from the users point of view the automatic veri cation of nontrivial liveness properties for a reactive system implemented using VHDL. The aim is to make clear the simplicity, power and practical relevance of tools developed within the ESPRIT project FORMAT. For the specialist this paper provides a run through Assumption Commitment Style Veri cation and an overview of relevant publications.
BILINGUALISM AND PROCESSING OF ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE TASKS BY CHICANO ADOLESCENTS

The results of two experiments are presented. In Experiment 1, Chicano adolescents, classified as balanced, proficient bilinguals (fluent English-Spanish speakers) or non-balanced bilinguals English-dominant speakers possessing little Spanish mastery) were administered Hick's (1952) sensory~perceptual memory task. While both language groups exhibited classic increases in reaction time (RT) with increased cognitive complexity of the task' there was no difference in RT attributable to differences in bilingual proficiency. This finding indicates that if there is an interaction between bilingual proficiency and rate-of-cognitive-information processing, it does not occur at the level of sensory-perceptual memory. In Experiment 2, the participants were administered Sternberg's (1969) digit-span, short-term memory task. Both groups showed increased RT with increased digit span. However, RT of the non-balanced group was significantly faster overall than the RT of the balanced, proficient group, indicating that an interaction between bilingual proficiency and rate-of-cognitive-information processing initially occurs at the level of short-term memory. However, there was no difference in the number of correct and incorrect responses between the two language groups. Some possible explanations for the difference in rate-of-information processing between the two language groups on the short-term memory task are presented.
Efficient Isolation between Electrically Small Metamaterial-Inspired Monopole Antennas

In this paper, a new electrically small metamaterial-inspired monopole antenna is presented. It consists of a simple square-shaped coplanar waveguide (CPW-fed) monopole with an embedded complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). It operates at three distinct frequency ranges around 2.45, 4.2, and 5.8 GHz, with low return loss and uniform radiation patterns, making it a perfect candidate for modern wireless applications. Furthermore, using this as a primary unit to construct two different 2 × 2 MIMO configurations, we achieve systematic minimization of mutual coupling, using additional single negative (SNG) metamaterial-inspired resonators. Mutual coupling is reduced by as much as 27 dB at the frequency of interest. Simulated and measured results of all antennas are in good agreement.
Cytolethal Distending Toxins Require Components of the ER-Associated Degradation Pathway for Host Cell Entry

Intracellular acting protein exotoxins produced by bacteria and plants are important molecular determinants that drive numerous human diseases. A subset of these toxins, the cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), are encoded by several Gram-negative pathogens and have been proposed to enhance virulence by allowing evasion of the immune system. CDTs are trafficked in a retrograde manner from the cell surface through the Golgi apparatus and into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before ultimately reaching the host cell nucleus. However, the mechanism by which CDTs exit the ER is not known. Here we show that three central components of the host ER associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, Derlin-2 (Derl2), the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hrd1, and the AAA ATPase p97, are required for intoxication by some CDTs. Complementation of Derl2-deficient cells with Derl2:Derl1 chimeras identified two previously uncharacterized functional domains in Derl2, the N-terminal 88 amino acids and the second ER-luminal loop, as required for intoxication by the CDT encoded by Haemophilus ducreyi (Hd-CDT). In contrast, two motifs required for Derlin-dependent retrotranslocation of ERAD substrates, a conserved WR motif and an SHP box that mediates interaction with the AAA ATPase p97, were found to be dispensable for Hd-CDT intoxication. Interestingly, this previously undescribed mechanism is shared with the plant toxin ricin. These data reveal a requirement for multiple components of the ERAD pathway for CDT intoxication and provide insight into a Derl2-dependent pathway exploited by retrograde trafficking toxins.
Nitric oxide negatively regulates proliferation and promotes neuronal differentiation through N-Myc downregulation

Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to act as an important negative regulator of cell proliferation in several systems. We report here that NO negatively regulates proliferation of neuronal cell precursors and promotes their differentiation by downregulating the oncogene N-Myc. We have studied this regulatory function of NO in neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-BE) and in primary cerebellar granule cell cultures. In a neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) overexpressing neuroblastoma cell line exposed to the differentiative action of retinoic acid, NO slowed down proliferation and accelerated differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype. This effect was accompanied by a parallel decrease of N-Myc expression. Similar results could be obtained in parental SK-N-BE cells by providing an exogenous source of NO. Pharmacological controls demonstrated that NO's regulatory actions on cell proliferation and N-Myc expression were mediated by cGMP as an intermediate messenger. Furthermore, NO was found to modulate the transcriptional activity of N-Myc gene promoter by acting on the E2F regulatory region, possibly through the control of Rb phosphorylation state, that we found to be negatively regulated by NO. In cerebellar granule cell cultures, NOS inhibition increased the division rate of neuronal precursors, in parallel with augmented N-Myc expression. Because a high N-Myc expression level is essential for neuroblastoma progression as well as for proliferation of neuronal precursors, its negative regulation by NO highlights a novel physiopathological function of this important messenger molecule.
Stream-Order and Order-Statistics

When processing a data-stream in small space, how important is the order in which the data arrives? Are there problems that are unsolvable when the ordering is worst-case, that can typically be solved in practice? Does the role of ordering become less significant when we permit algorithms to make multiple passes over the data-stream if the stream is not re-ordered between each pass? If we consider the stream ordered by an adversary, what happens if we restrict the power of the adversary? We study these questions in the context of quantile estimation, one of the most studied problems in the data-stream model. Our specific results include an O(logn)-space, O(loglogn)-pass algorithm for exact selection in a randomly ordered stream of n elements. This resolves an open question of Munro and Paterson [Theor. Comput. Sci., 23 (1980), pp. 315‐323]. We then demonstrate an exponential separation between the random-order and adversarial-order models: using O(polylogn) space, exact selection requires ( logn/loglogn) passes in the adversarial-order model. This is established via a new bound on the communication complexity of a natural pointer-chasing style problem and, in contrast to previous results, applies to fully-general randomized algorithms. We also prove the first fully general lower-bounds in the random-order model: finding an n -approximate median in the single-pass random-order model with probability at least 9/10 requires ( p n 1 3 /logn) space.