Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Fault-Tolerant Control for Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor Drives With Defective Hall Sensors

Brushless permanent magnet motor drives based on Hall sensors have received significant attention in recent years. In this area, the faults of Hall sensors become a new concern and several fault-tolerant control (FTC) methods have been proposed. However, most of the state-of-the-art FTC methods require some time to reconstruct the correct Hall sensor signals, which results in significant transient currents and speed dip during fault diagnostic process (FDP). In this paper, a new and improved FTC scheme based on FDP and vector-tracking observer is proposed. A method to identify the duration of FDP is proposed based on the analysis of acceleration estimation and the fault diagnosis results. During FDP, the method defaults to an open-loop observer control, which removes the undesirable current/torque transient. After that, the close-loop observer is re-enabled and the motor operation is restored. The proposed FTC is demonstrated in detailed simulations and experimentally on 120° brushless dc motor drives and sinusoidal PM motor drives. For both types of drives, a significant improvement is achieved in steady state and transient operation with faults of up to two Hall sensors, which has not been possible with available alternative FTC approaches (unless a sensorless control is used).
Discriminant functions for isotropic configurations in robot manipulators

SUMMARY In this paper, a family of discriminant functions is defined for searching isotropic configurations in robot manipulators. A subfamily of the functions extensively exploits properties of symmetric polynomials derived from a manipulability matrix. The complexity analysis of computing the discriminant functions is provided. Possible applications of the functions are mentioned and illustrated.
A Simulation Model for Evaluation of the effect of Leadtime Information Sharing in a Distribution Network

In this study, we present a simulation model in order to study the effects of information sharing in a distribution networks containing several retailers. Two different systems have been considered; centralized and decentralized systems. Random demands accurate at retailer level and they have an identically distribution. Random leadtime between depot and suppliers is modeled as a Markov process. This model investigates the effects of leadtime information sharing by a simulation approach. Some example, presented in the last part of this paper, show the benefit of information sharing
Comparative anatomy of the histaminergic and other aminergic systems in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The histaminergic system and its relationships to the other aminergic transmitter systems in the brain of the zebrafish were studied by using confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry on brain whole‐mounts and sections. All monoaminergic systems displayed extensive, widespread fiber systems that innervated all major brain areas, often in a complementary manner. The ventrocaudal hypothalamus contained all monoamine neurons except noradrenaline cells. Histamine (HA), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and serotonin (5‐HT) ‐containing neurons were all found around the posterior recess (PR) of the caudal hypothalamus. TH‐ and 5‐HT‐containing neurons were found in the periventricular cell layer of PR, whereas the HA‐containing neurons were in the surrounding cell layer as a distinct boundary. Histaminergic neurons, which send widespread ascending and descending fibers, were all confined to the ventrocaudal hypothalamus. Histaminergic neurons were medium in size (∼12 μm) with varicose ascending and descending ipsilateral and contralateral fiber projections. Histamine was stored in vesicles in two types of neurons and fibers. A close relationship between HA fibers and serotonergic raphe neurons and noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons was evident. Putative synaptic contacts were occasionally detected between HA and TH or 5‐HT neurons. These results indicate that reciprocal contacts between monoaminergic systems are abundant and complex. The results also provide evidence of homologies to mammalian systems and allow identification of several previously uncharacterized systems in zebrafish mutants. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:342–377, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrally opponent inputs to the human luminance pathway: slow +L and −M cone inputs revealed by low to moderate long‐wavelength adaptation

The luminance pathway has slow (s), spectrally opponent cone inputs in addition to the expected fast (f), non‐opponent inputs. The nature of these inputs to luminance flicker perception was further explored psychophysically by measuring middle‐ (M‐) and long‐wavelength‐sensitive (L‐) cone modulation sensitivities, M‐ and L‐cone phase delays, and flicker spectral sensitivities under three conditions of low to moderate long‐wavelength adaptation. Under these conditions we find that the luminance channel has fast M‐ and L‐cone input signals (+fM and +fL), and slow, spectrally opponent cone input signals (+sL and −sM). The slow signals found under these conditions are therefore of the opposite polarity to those (+sM and −sL) found under more intense long‐wavelength adaptation. At these less intense levels, fast and slow M‐cone signals of opposite polarity (−sM and +fM) cancel at low frequencies, but then constructively interfere at intermediate frequencies (ca 12.5–22.5 Hz, depending on adapting level) because of the delay between them. In contrast, fast and slow L‐cone signals of the same polarity (+sL and +fL) sum at low frequencies, but then destructively interfere at intermediate frequencies. Importantly, the spectrally opponent signals (+sL and −sM) contribute to flicker nulls without producing visible colour variation. Although its output generates an achromatic percept, the luminance channel has slow spectrally opponent as well as fast non‐opponent inputs.
Bounded distributed flocking control of nonholonomic mobile robots

There have been numerous studies on the problem of flocking control for multiagent systems whose simplified models are presented in terms of point-mass elements. Meanwhile, full dynamic models pose some challenging problems in addressing the flocking control problem of mobile robots due to their nonholonomic dynamic properties. Taking practical constraints into consideration, we propose a novel approach to distributed flocking control of nonholonomic mobile robots by bounded feedback. The flocking control objectives consist of velocity consensus, collision avoidance, and cohesion maintenance among mobile robots. A flocking control protocol that is based on the information of neighbor mobile robots is constructed. The theoretical analysis is conducted with the help of a Lyapunov-like function and graph theory. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed distributed flocking control scheme.
Design and Implementation of E-Banking Authentication Algorithms for Secure Login and Transactions Using Multilevel Graphical Signatures

Many security primitives are based on hard mathematical problems. Using hard AI problems for security is emerging as an exciting new paradigm, but has been underexplored. This paper presents enhanced security architecture for application software that actually provides a multiple level of security for online banking transaction using one of novel technique called Captcha which has been most underexplored. Here there are three level of security that the application will ask to provide for the end user in order to make transaction. In second level of security is about allowing the users to solve Captcha based graphical password case. A novel family of graphical password systems built on top of Captcha technology, which we call Captcha as graphical passwords (CaRP) is used for this. CaRP addresses many type of security problems altogether, such as online guessing attacks, relay attacks, and if combined with dual-view technologies, shoulder-surfing attacks. Here, third phase of security is provided using the structure of sending a mail to the user with the details attached along with the image captured by the application and then allow him to access the transaction phase through the mail and then the application shutdowns.
Optimal Trajectories for Highly Automated Driving

In this contribution two approaches for calculating optimal trajectories for highly automated vehicles are presented and compared. The first one is based on a non-linear vehicle model, used for evaluation. The second one is based on a simplified model and can be implemented on a current ECU. In usual driving situations both approaches show very similar results. Keywords—Trajectory planning, direct method, indirect method, highly automated driving.
Genome Update: proteome comparisons.

Genomes of the month Four new genomes will be discussed in this month’s Genome Update. The list of organisms given in Table 1 includes an archaeon, two bacteria and an eukaryote. Two genomes will only be mentioned briefly. The protozoan Cryptosporidium hominis causes gastroenteritis and diarrhoea around the world. Like the Cryptosporidium parvum genome (Abrahamsen et al., 2004), that of C. hominis has undergone genome reduction to a size of about 9 Mbp, and both genomes have slightly fewer than 4000 genes (Xu et al., 2004). Photobacterium profundum is a member of the vibrio group (Thompson et al., 2004), and its genome consists of two chromosomes and one plasmid (Table 1). At the time of writing, the GenBank files have been deposited, but the genome report has not yet been published. One very interesting feature of this genome is the larger number of rRNAs.
Combination of Conformal Predictors for Classification

The paper presents some possible approaches to the combination of Conformal Predictors in the binary classification case. A first class of methods is based on p-value combination techniques that have been proposed in the context of Statistical Hypothesis Testing; a second class is based on the calibration of p-values into Bayes factors. A few methods from these two classes are applied to a real-world case, namely the chemoinformatics problem of Compound Activity Prediction. Their performance is discussed, showing the different abilities to preserve of validity and improve efficiency. The experiments show that P-value combination, in particular Fisher’s method, can be advantageous when ranking compounds by strength of evidence.
Comparison of diagnostic criteria to detect undiagnosed diabetes in hyperglycaemic patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background Elevated plasma glucose levels on admission (APG) are very common in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and can be the first indication of diabetes mellitus. Objective To provide insight into the prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes and to compare different methods of diagnosing diabetes in patients with ACS. Methods Patients with ACS with elevated APG who participated in the BIOMArCS 2 glucose trial underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) prior to discharge. 130 patients were included who underwent metabolic assessment. Of these, 109 had an OGTT and 13 patients had pre-existing diabetes. Results The OGTT results were categorised as (previously) undiagnosed diabetes in 35% of patients (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2-h post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l) and impaired glucose metabolism in 44% (FPG 6.1–6.9 mmol/l or post-load glucose 7.8–11.0 mmol/l), so only 21% had a normal glucose metabolism. Undiagnosed diabetes could not be adequately predicted with APG, FPG or HbA1c (area under the ROC curve 0.61, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively). Patients with abnormal glucose metabolism were significantly older, had higher admission HbA1c values, a higher Killip classification and more often had a prior stroke than patients with normal glucose metabolism. Conclusion 79% of hyperglycaemic patients with ACS were found to have abnormal glucose metabolism. As APG, HbA1c and FPG had a low sensitivity to detect undiagnosed diabetes, an OGTT appears to be the best test to assess the presence of previously undiagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism in hyperglycaemic patients with ACS.
Feature recognition on expressed sequence tags of human DNA

Expressed sequence tags (EST) are small parts of DNA, which are used to clone new genes. One main characteristic of EST is that they contain more than 1% sequencing errors. What we need to know is which parts of the EST contain information about proteins, the so called coding regions. In this paper we describe an error-tolerant program for the prediction of such coding regions in EST. The program is based on a combination of statistical methods and several artificial neural networks (ANN). 89.7% of the nucleotides of a independent test set with 127 EST's are predicted correctly as to whether they are coding or noncoding. These results are independent of the existence of homologous gene or protein sequences and representative for the application to the largest part of all EST.
Maternal exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Time trends of selected exposures.

BACKGROUND Our objective was to describe time trends in selected pregnancy exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). METHODS We analyzed data from the NBDPS, a multi-site case-control study of major birth defects, for mothers of live-born infants without birth defects (controls), with an expected date of delivery (EDD) from 1998 to 2011. Mothers from the 10 participating centers across the United States were interviewed by phone between 6 weeks and 2 years after the EDD. We focused on maternal race/ethnicity and five maternal risk factors: obesity, use of folic acid-containing multivitamins, opioid analgesics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and loratadine because of their prevalence of use and some reports of associations with major birth defects. Prevalence time trends were examined using the Kendall's τβ test statistic. RESULTS The exposure trend analysis included 11,724 control mothers with EDDs from 1998 to 2011. We observed a significant increase in obesity prevalence among control mothers, as well as use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and loratadine. We also observed an increase in periconceptional use of folic acid-containing multivitamins. Some of the time trends varied by race/ethnicity. No remarkable trend in the overall use of opioid analgesics was observed. The racial/ethnic distribution of mothers changed slightly during the study period. CONCLUSION Long-term, population-based case-control studies continue to be an effective way to assess exposure-birth defects associations and provide guidance to health care providers. However, investigators examining rare outcomes covering many years of data collection need to be cognizant of time trends in exposures.
security and privacy research lies

In this essay, we outline some important concerns in the hope of improving the effectiveness of security and privacy research. We discuss the need to re-examine our understanding of information technology (IT) and information system (IS) artefacts and to expand the range of the latter to include those artificial phenomena that are crucial to information security and privacy research. We then briefly discuss some prevalent limitations in theory, methodology, and contributions that generally weaken security/privacy studies and jeopardise their chances of publication in a top IS journal. More importantly, we suggest remedies for these weaknesses, identifying specific improvements that can be made and offering a couple of illustrations of such improvements. In particular, we address the notion of loose re-contextualisation, using deterrence theory (DT) research as an example. We also provide an illustration of how the focus on intentions may have resulted in an underuse of powerful theories in security and privacy research, because such theories explain more than just intentions. We then outline three promising opportunities for IS research that should be particularly compelling to security and privacy researchers: online platforms, the Internet of things (IoT), and big data. All of these carry innate information security and privacy risks and vulnerabilities that can be addressed only by researching each link of the systems chain, that is, technologies–policies–processes–people–society–economy–legislature. We conclude by suggesting several specific opportunities for new research in these areas.
ADAPTIVE MODEL LEARNING BASED ON DYNA-Q LEARNING

Dyna-Q, a well-known model-based reinforcement learning (RL) method, interplays offline simulations and action executions to update Q functions. It creates a world model that predicts the feature values in the next state and the reward function of the domain directly from the data and uses the model to train Q functions to accelerate policy learning. In general, tabular methods are always used in Dyna-Q to establish the model, but a tabular model needs many more samples of experience to approximate the environment concisely. In this article, an adaptive model learning method based on tree structures is presented to enhance sampling efficiency in modeling the world model. The proposed method is to produce simulated experiences for indirect learning. Thus, the proposed agent has additional experience for updating the policy. The agent works backwards from collections of state transition and associated rewards, utilizing coarse coding to learn their definitions for the region of state space that tracks back to the precedent states. The proposed method estimates the reward and transition probabilities between states from past experience. Because the resultant tree is always concise and small, the agent can use value iteration to quickly estimate the Q-values of each action in the induced states and determine a policy. The effectiveness and generality of our method is further demonstrated in two numerical simulations. Two simulations, a mountain car and a mobile robot in a maze, are used to verify the proposed methods. The simulation result demonstrates that the training rate of our method can improve obviously.
Data structures and algorithms for analysis of genetics of gene expression with Bioconductor: GGtools 3.x

SUMMARY Associations between DNA polymorphisms and mRNA abundance are a natural target of genetic investigations, and microarrays facilitate genome-wide and transcriptome-wide surveys of these associations. This work is motivated by emerging requirements for data architectures and algorithm interfaces to allow flexible exploration of public and private archives of genotyping and expression arrays. Using R/Bioconductor facilities, Phase II HapMap genotypes and Illumina 47K expression assay results archived on multiple populations may be interactively explored and analyzed using commodity hardware. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Open Source. Bioconductor 2.3 packages GGtools, GGBase, GGdata, hmyriB36. Freely available on the web at (http://www.bioconductor.org).
Spherical Similarity Explorer for Comparative Case Analysis

Comparative Case Analysis (CCA) is an important tool for criminal investigation and crime theory extraction. It analyzes the commonalities and differences between a collection of crime reports in order to understand crime patterns and identify abnormal cases. A big challenge of CCA is the data processing and exploration. Traditional manual approach can no longer cope with the increasing volume and complexity of the data. In this paper we introduce a novel visual analytics system, Spherical Similarity Explorer (SSE) that automates the data processing process and provides interactive visualizations to support the data exploration. We illustrate the use of the system with uses cases that involve real world application data and evaluate the system with criminal intelligence analysts.
Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Ipsilateral Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Normal Contralateral Hearing

Objective: To report the hearing results of cochlear implantation simultaneous to vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection by means of a translabyrinthine approach in patients with normal contralateral hearing. Methods: This was a prospective study including adults with sporadic VS. Tumors were resected by means of a modified translabyrinthine approach with preservation of the cochlear nerve. Results: A total of 13 patients underwent cochlear implantation. At 14 months, the mean pure-tone audiogram was 56 dB. The mean speech recognition was 80%. Cochlear implantation provides monaural and binaural benefits in all the conditions tested, including sound localization. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation can be safely performed simultaneously to VS resection with satisfactory hearing results provided that the cochlear nerve is anatomically intact.
Texture analysis for infarcted myocardium detection on delayed enhancement MRI

Detection of infarcted myocardium in the left ventricle is achieved with delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). However, manual segmentation is tedious and prone to variability. We studied three texture analysis methods (run-length matrix, co-occurrence matrix, and autoregressive model) in combination with histogram features to characterize the infarcted myocardium. We evaluated 10 patients with chronic infarction to select the most discriminative features and to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classifier model was then used to segment five human hearts from the STACOM DE-MRI challenge at MICCAI 2012. The Dice coefficient was used to compare the segmentation results with the ground truth available in the STACOM dataset. Segmentation using texture features provided good results with an overall Dice coefficient of 0.71 ± 0.12 (mean ± standard deviation).
Anti gastritic and antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum in laboratory animals

Leaves and berries of Solanum nigrum are commonly used in South India for the treatment of gastric ulcers, gastritis and other gastric problems. The present study investigated the Solanum nigrum leaf and berry extracts for their protective effect on ethanol induced gastritis and aspirin induced gastric ulcers of pylorus ligated rats. Sucralfate and Ranitidine were used as standard Drugs. Oral administration of aqueous extract of leaf (80 mg/Kg and 250 mg/Kg respectively) and berry (50 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the concentration of Evans blue in both gastric contents and glandular tissue indicating decreased vascular permeability and mucosal damage with respect to that of control. The berry aqueous extract offered more protection against gastritis than the leaf extracts. Pretreatment with aqueous extracts of Leaf (250 mg/Kg) and berry (50 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the Ulcer Index. The results tend to confirm the popular use of the plant.