Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping Responses in Phishing Detection: An Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences

This study investigates users' coping responses in the process of phishing email detection. Three common responses are identified based on the coping literature: task-focused coping, emotion-focused coping i.e., worry and self-criticism, and avoidance coping. The three responses are used to conceptualize a higher-order construct, coping adaptiveness, that resides on a continuum between maladaptive coping and adaptive coping manifested as increased task-focused coping and decreased emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping. Drawing on the extended parallel process model and behavioral decision-making literature, this paper examines the antecedents i.e., perceived phishing threat, perceived detection efficacy, and phishing anxiety and behavioral consequences i.e., detection effort and detection accuracy of coping adaptiveness. A survey experiment with 547 U.S. consumers was conducted. The results show that perceived detection efficacy increases coping adaptiveness. Partially mediated by phishing anxiety, perceived phishing threat decreases coping adaptiveness. Coping adaptiveness positively impacts the two objective measures in the study, detection effort and detection accuracy. The results also suggest that coping adaptiveness and detection effort have different effects on false positives compared to false negatives: detection effort fully mediates the effect of coping adaptiveness on false positive rate or detection accuracy related to legitimate emails, but has no impact on false negatives or detection accuracy related to phishing emails, unlike coping adaptiveness. A post hoc analysis on coping responses reveals two patterns of coping among subjects, throwing more light on coping in phishing detection. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016. 0680 .
Resveratrol protects against homocysteine‐induced cell damage via cell stress response in neuroblastoma cells

Recent findings underscore that some natural compounds are responsible for specific biochemical effects, i.e., the activation of redox‐sensitive intracellular pathways and modulation of different stress proteins, such as heat shock proteins and sirtuins. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol widely present in plants, has been shown to display various beneficial effects, including neuroprotection, in several pathological conditions.
Multilinguality Adaptations of Natural Language Logical Analyzer

The AST (automated semantic analysis) system serves as a final pipeline component in translating natural language sentences to formulae of higher-order logic formalism, the Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL). TIL was designed as a full expressive tool capable of representing complex meaning relations of natural language expressions. AST was designed as a language independent tool, which was originally developed for the Czech language. In this paper, we summarize the latest development of AST aiming at easy transfer of the underlying lexicons and rules to other languages. The changes are test with the English language selected as a representative of a different language family than Czech having general multilingual applicability of the process in mind.
HLA-DQ6 (DQB1*0601)-Restricted T Cells Protect against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in HLA-DR3.DQ6 Double-Transgenic Mice by Generating Anti-Inflammatory IFN-γ1

The human MHC class II genes are associated with genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS of presumed autoimmune origin. These genes encode for proteins responsible for shaping immune response. The exact role of HLA-DQ and -DR genes in disease pathogenesis is not well-understood due to the high polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium, and heterogeneity of human populations. The advent of HLA class II-transgenic (Tg) mice has helped in answering some of these questions. Previously, using single-Tg mice (expressing the HLA-DR or -DQ gene), we showed that proteolipid protein (PLP)91–110 peptide induced classical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis only in DR3. Aβ° mice, suggesting that DR3 (DRB1*0301) is a disease susceptible gene in the context of PLP. Human population studies have suggested that HLA-DQ6 (DQB1*0601) may be a protective gene in MS. To test this disease protection in an experimental model, we generated double-Tg mice expressing both HLA-DR3 and -DQ6. Introduction of DQ6 onto DR3-Tg mice led to a decrease in disease incidence on immunization with PLP91–110 peptide indicating a dominant protective role of DQ6. This protective effect is due to high levels of IFN-γ produced by DQ6-restricted T cells, which suppressed proliferation of encephalitogenic DR3-restricted T cells by inducing apoptosis. Our study indicates that DQ6 modifies the PLP91–110-specific T cell response in DR3 through anti-inflammatory effects of IFN-γ, which is protective for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, our double-Tg mouse provides a novel model in which to study epistatic interactions between HLA class II molecules in MS.
Regaining chondrocyte phenotype in thermosensitive gel culture

Chondrocyte tissue engineering continues to be a challenging problem. When chondrocytes are duplicated in vitro, it is imperative to obtain an adequate number of cells of optimal phenotype. A temperature‐sensitive polymer gel, a copolymer of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and acrylic acid (PNiPAAm‐co‐Aac), has the ability of gelling at 37°C (the lower critical solution temperature, LCST) or above and liquefying below that temperature (Vernon and Gutowska, Macromol. Symp. 1996 ;109:155–167). The hypothesis of this study was that chondrocytes could (1) duplicate in the copolymer gel; (2) regain their chondrocyte phenotype; and (3) be easily recovered from the gel by simply lowering the temperature below 37°C. Chondrocytes from adult rabbit scapular cartilage were harvested and cultured in a monolayer culture until confluency (approximately 2 weeks). Next, the cells were harvested and seeded into the copolymer gel and cultured for 2–4 weeks. The phenotype of the cultured cells was then characterized. Two groups of control cultures, monolayer and agarose gel, were used to compare their ability to maintain chondrocyte phenotype. The results showed that chondrocytes isolated from rabbit scapula can re‐express chondrocyte phenotype in agarose culture and polymer gel culture but not in monolayer culture. Also, cultured chondrocytes can be easily recovered from polymer gel culture by simply lowering the temperature. This new in vitro method of chondrocyte culture is recommended for chondrocyte propagation and regaining chondrocyte phenotype before cell seeding or transplantation. Anat Rec 263:336–341, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topology and congestion invariant in global internet-scale networks

Infrastructures like telecommunication systems, power transmission grids and the Internet are complex networks that are vulnerable to catastrophic failure. A common mechanism behind this kind of failure is avalanche-like breakdown of the network’s components. If a component fails due to overload, its load will be redistributed, causing other components to overload and fail. This failure can propagate throughout the entire network. From studies of catastrophic failures in different technological networks, the consensus is that the occurrence of a catastrophe is due to the interaction between the connectivity and the dynamical behaviour of the networks’ elements. The research in this thesis focuses particularly on packet-oriented networks. In these networks the traffic (dynamics) and the topology (connectivity) are coupled by the routing mechanisms. The interactions between the network’s topology and its traffic are complex as they depend on many parameters, e.g. Quality of Service, congestion management (queuing), link bandwidth, link delay, and types of traffic. It is not straightforward to predict whether a network will fail catastrophically or not. Furthermore, even if considering a very simplified version of packet networks, there are still fundamental questions about catastrophic behaviour that have not been studied, such as: will a network become unstable and fail catastrophically as its size increases; do catastrophic networks have specific connectivity properties? One of the main difficulties when studying these questions is that, in general, we do not know in advance if a network is going to fail catastrophically. In this thesis we study how to build catastrophic
Segmentation of Retinal Cysts From Optical Coherence Tomography Volumes Via Selective Enhancement

Automated and accurate segmentation of cystoid structures in optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of interest in the early detection of retinal diseases. It is, however, a challenging task. We propose a novel method for localizing cysts in 3-D OCT volumes. The proposed work is biologically inspired and based on selective enhancement of the cysts, by inducing motion to a given OCT slice. A convolutional neural network is designed to learn a mapping function that combines the result of multiple such motions to produce a probability map for cyst locations in a given slice. The final segmentation of cysts is obtained via simple clustering of the detected cyst locations. The proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets and one private dataset. The public datasets include the one released for the OPTIMA cyst segmentation challenge (OCSC) in MICCAI 2015 and the DME dataset. After training on the OCSC train set, the method achieves a mean dice coefficient (DC) of 0.71 on the OCSC test set. The robustness of the algorithm was examined by cross validation on the DME and AEI (private) datasets and a mean DC values obtained were 0.69 and 0.79, respectively. Overall, the proposed system has the highest performance on all the benchmarks. These results underscore the strengths of the proposed method in handling variations in both data acquisition protocols and scanners.
Mutational analysis of slyD, an Escherichia coli gene encoding a protein of the FKBP immunophilin family

slyD encodes a 196 amino acid polypeptide that is a member of the FKBP family of cis–trans peptidyl–prolyl isomerases (PPIases). slyD mutations affect plaque formation by the phage φX174 by blocking the action of the phage lysis protein E. Here we describe the selection of a set of spontaneous slyD mutations conferring resistance to the expression of gene E from a plasmid. These mutations occur disproportionately in residues of SlyD that, based on the structure of the prototype mammalian FKBP12, make ligand contacts with immunosuppressing drug molecules or are conserved in other FKBP proteins. A wide variation in the plating efficiency of φX174 on these E R strains is observed, relative to the parental, indicating that these alleles differ widely in residual SlyD activity. Moreover, it is found that slyD mutations cause significant growth rate defects in Escherichia coli B and C backgrounds. Finally, overexpression of slyD causes filamentation of the host. Thus, among the FKBP genes found in organisms across the evolutionary spectrum, slyD is unique in having three distinct drug‐independent phenotypes.
Septic Shock Is Associated with Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Ligation of LPS

Septic shock is a severe systemic response to bacterial infection. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a role in immune reactions to recognize specific molecular patterns as pathogen recognition receptors. However, the interaction between LPS, the bioactive component of bacterial cell walls, and RAGE is unclear. In this study, we found direct LPS binding to RAGE by a surface plasmon resonance assay, a plate competition assay, and flow cytometry. LPS increased TNF-α secretion from peritoneal macrophages and an NF-κB promoter-driven luciferase activity through RAGE. Blood neutrophils and monocytes expressed RAGE, and TLR2 was counterregulated in RAGE−/− mice. After LPS injection, RAGE+/+ mice showed a higher mortality, higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, high mobility group box 1, and endothelin-1, and severe lung and liver pathologies compared with RAGE−/− mice without significant differences in plasma LPS level. Administration of soluble RAGE significantly reduced the LPS-induced cytokine release and tissue damage and improved the LPS-induced lethality even in RAGE−/− as well as RAGE+/+ mice. The results thus suggest that RAGE can associate with LPS and that RAGE system can regulate inflammatory responses. Soluble RAGE would be a therapeutic tool for LPS-induced septic shock.
RTL modeling and simulation using JAVA

This paper presents a JAVA based framework for RTL modeling and simulation of digital hardware designs. After linking between object-oriented concepts and RTL models, the JAVA analogy to features found in a widely used hardware description language like Verilog is laid down. While focusing primarily on synchronous designs and cycle based simulation, the way to broaden this scope to event driven simulation is pointed out. Using a general object-oriented programming language for RTL modeling and simulation paves way for a more seamless software and hardware integration of a typical digital system.
CRP interacts with promoter‐bound σ54 RNA polymerase and blocks transcriptional activation of the dctA promoter

The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is an activator of σ70‐dependent transcription. Analysis of the σ54‐dependent dctA promoter reveals a novel negative regulatory function for CRP. CRP can bind to two distant sites of the dctA promoter, sites which overlap the upstream activator sequences for the DctD activator. CRP interacts with Eσ54 bound at the dctA promoter via DNA loop formation. When the CRP‐binding sites are deleted, CRP still interacts in a cAMP‐dependent manner with the stable Eσ54 closed complex via protein–protein contacts. CRP is able to repress activation of the dctA promoter, even in the absence of specific CRP‐binding sites. CRP affects both the final level and the kinetics of activation. The establishment of the repression and its release by the NtrC activator proceed via slow processes. The kinetics suggest that CRP favours a new form of closed complex which interconverts slowly with the classical closed intermediate. Only the latter is capable of interacting with an activator to form an open promoter complex. Thus, Eσ54 promoters are responsive to CRP, a protein unrelated to σ54 activators, and the repression exerted is the direct result of an interaction between Eσ54 and the CRP–cAMP complex.
INTERACTIVE CLOTHING SEGMENTATION BASED ON JSEG AND GRABCUT

Clothing segmentation is a challenging issue of research, which is gaining more and more attention. This paper presents an interactive clothing segmentation method based on JSEG and GrabCut. Firstly, we pre-process the image from pixels to regions using JSEG algorithm for the purposes of lessening computer loads and reducing the noise of image, and then build a graph using regions as nodes, and define the seeds of clothing or non-clothing areas interactively. Finally, solve the energy function of the graph using min-cut (max-flow) approach, and separate the clothing from the image. In some case of inaccurate boundary, we adopt repeated segmentation technology to repair the results. Some given samples show that the approach is effective and can achieve promising results.
Analysis of harmonic contents in induced voltage and electromagnetic torque in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines under loaded condition

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is often characterized by open and short circuit measurements of voltages and currents to determine back-emf/torque constant and inductive reactances. Such single point measurements of machine parameters are quite often inadequate for estimating motor performances in particular torque ripple under loaded condition for low torque ripple applications. In addition, the effect of armature reaction as the load increases introduces further inaccuracies for generating appropriate control commands. This research is directed to understand the behavior of the machine under loading condition and treat the no-load condition as a special case where the current in the motor is zero. The findings will be extended to explain the harmonic contents in induced voltage, inductive reactance and the overall effect on electromagnetic torque. The theoretical findings are supported by test results.
Kidney-specific inactivation of the KIF3A subunit of kinesin-II inhibits renal ciliogenesis and produces polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in humans. Several proteins that are encoded by genes associated with PKD have recently been identified in primary cilia in renal tubular epithelia. These findings have suggested that abnormalities in cilia formation and function may play a role in the pathogenesis of PKD. To directly determine whether cilia are essential to maintain tubular integrity, we conditionally inactivated KIF3A, a subunit of kinesin-II that is essential for cilia formation, in renal epithelia. Constitutive inactivation of KIF3A produces abnormalities of left–right axis determination and embryonic lethality. Here we show that tissue-specific inactivation of KIF3A in renal tubular epithelial cells results in viable offspring with normal-appearing kidneys at birth. Cysts begin to develop in the kidney at postnatal day 5 and cause renal failure by postnatal day 21. The cyst epithelial cells lack primary cilia and exhibit increased proliferation and apoptosis, apical mislocalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor, increased expression of β-catenin and c-Myc, and inhibition of p21CIP1. These results demonstrate that the absence of renal cilia produces both the clinical and cell biological findings associated with PKD. Most generally, the phenotype of Kif3a mutant mice suggests a role for primary cilia in the maintenance of lumen-forming epithelial differentiation.
Impacts of wind power penetration on risk constrained economic dispatch

This paper presents a risk constrained economic dispatch model incorporating both the wind power and units' forced outage. The operation cost objective includes the costs of generation, spinning reserve, load shedding and wind spillage and the risk index is chosen as the expected load not served. A test system is adopted for illustration. The simulation results show that to decrease the cost (risk) to a relatively low value will dramatically increase the value of the risk (cost). Unit outage will increase both the cost and the risk values. The incorporation of wind power can relieve the increase in both the cost and the risk caused by unit outage. On the other hand, the wind power uncertainty will increase both the cost and the risk values.
Understanding Learners’ Motivation and Learning Strategies in MOOCs

MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) have changed the way in which OER (Open Educational Resources) are bundled by teachers and consumed by learners. MOOCs represent an evolution towards the production and offering of structured quality OER. Many institutions that were initially reluctant to providing OER have, however, joined the MOOC wave. Nevertheless, MOOCs detractors strongly criticize their high dropout rates. The dropout rate is a commonly accepted metric of success for traditional education, but it may not be as suitable when dealing with OER, in general, and with MOOCs, in particular, since learners’ motivations to take a course are very diverse, and certain self-regulated learning strategies are required to tackle the lack of personalized tutoring and keep pace in the course. This paper presents an empirical study on the motivation and learning strategies of MOOC learners. Six thousand three hundred and thirty-five learners from 160 countries answered a self-report 7-point Likert-type questionnaire based on the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) as part of a MOOC titled Introduction to Programming with Java. Results indicate that learners were highly motivated and confident to do well in the course. Learning strategies, however, can be improved, especially regarding time management.
Effects of Fiber Volume on Modal Response of Through-Thickness Angle Interlock Textile Composites

Prior static studies of three-dimensionally woven carbon/epoxy textile composites show that large interlaminar normal and shear strains occur as a result of layer waviness under static compression loading. This study addresses the dynamic response of 3D through-thickness angle interlock textile composites, and how interaction between different layer waviness influences the modal frequencies. The samples have common as-woven textile architecture, but they are cured at varying compaction pressures to achieve varying levels of fiber volume and fiber architecture distortion. Samples produced have varying final cured laminate thickness, which allows observations on the influence of increased fiber volume (generally believed to improve mechanical performance) weighed against the increased fiber distortion (generally believed to decrease mechanical performance). The results obtained from this study show that no added damping was developed in the as-woven identical panels. Furthermore, a linear relation exists between modal frequency and thickness (fiber volume).
Depression, Anxiety, and Regret Before and After Testing to Estimate Uveal Melanoma Prognosis.

IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, longitudinal assessment of depression, anxiety, and decision regret (a sense of disappointment or dissatisfaction in the decision) in patients undergoing prognostication for uveal melanoma does not exist. OBJECTIVE To report on depression, anxiety, and decision regret before and after testing to estimate uveal melanoma prognosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective interventional case series conducted at an institutional referral practice of 96 patients with clinical diagnosis of uveal melanoma who underwent prognostication at the time of primary therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Depression, anxiety, and decision regret prior to prognostication (baseline) and at 3 and 12 months afterwards. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Decision Regret Scale were self-administered by the patients prior to prognostication (baseline) and at 3 and 12 months afterwards. Data were summarized using means and standard deviations for continuous measures, frequencies, and percentages for categorical factors. A mixed model was used to assess the trajectory of HADS anxiety and the associations between HADS anxiety and baseline HADS depression, baseline decision regret, prognostication test result, and adjuvant therapy, respectively, while adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS Ninety-six patients (median age 60.7 years) completed baseline questionnaires. The mean (SD) HADS anxiety score at baseline (7.4 [4.0]) was higher than at 3 months (5.4 [3.7]; P < .001) or 12 months (4.7 [3.4]; P < .001), and decreased with older age (coefficient estimate [SD], -0.06 [0.02]; P < .001). The decision regret score was associated with baseline HADS depression score (coefficient estimate [SE], -1.17 [0.43]; P < .007), and HADS depression score increased with baseline HADS anxiety score (coefficient estimate [SE], 0.39 [0.06]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our study raises questions about decision regret in patients who agree to have a prognostic test that may not help guide treatment. Although decision regret appears to lessen or dissipate with time, study on larger numbers of patients is necessary to elucidate factors that may be addressed to mitigate decision regret.