Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of the HNK‐1 carbohydrate epitope on aggrecan during chondrogenesis

Previously, we showed that the HNK‐1 carbohydrate epitope is expressed on aggrecan synthesized in the notochord but not in mature cartilage. In the present study, we demonstrate that in immature cartilage (embryonic day 6) the HNK‐1 epitope is also expressed predominantly on aggrecan proteoglycan molecules. This finding was verified by using an aggrecan‐deficient mutant, the nanomelic chick, which lacks HNK‐1 immunostaining in the extracellular matrix of dividing and hypertrophic chondrocytes as late as embryonic day 12. By using both biochemical and immunologic approaches, the initially prominent expression of the HNK‐1 epitope is down‐regulated as development of limb and vertebral cartilage proceeds, so that by embryonic day 14 no HNK‐1 is detectable. Localization changes with development and the HNK‐1–aggrecan matrix becomes restricted to dividing and hypertrophic chondrocytes and is particularly concentrated in the intraterritorial matrix. Concomitant with the temporal and spatial decreases in HNK‐1, there is a significant increase in keratan‐sulfate content and the aggrecan‐borne HNK‐1 epitope is closely associated with proteolytic peptides that contain keratan sulfate chains, rather than chondroitin sulfate chains or carbohydrate‐free domains. Lastly, the diminution in HNK‐1 expression is consistent with a reduction in mRNA transcripts specific for at least one of the key enzymes in HNK‐1 oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the HNK‐1 sulfotransferase. These findings indicate that the HNK‐1 carbohydrate may be a common modifier of several proteoglycans (such as aggrecan) that are usually expressed early in development, and that HNK‐1 addition to these molecules may be regulated by tissue‐ and temporal‐specific expression of requisite sulfotransferases and glycosyltransferases. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Aligned French-Chinese corpus of 10K segments from university educational material

This paper describes a corpus of nearly 10K French-Chinese aligned segments, produced by post-editing machine translated computer science courseware. This corpus was built from 2013 to 2016 within the PROJECT_NAME project, by native Chinese students. The quality, as judged by native speakers, is ad-equate for understanding (far better than by reading only the original French) and for getting better marks. This corpus is annotated at segment-level by a self-assessed quality score. It has been directly used as supplemental training data to build a statistical machine translation system dedicated to that sublanguage, and can be used to extract the specific bilingual terminology. To our knowledge, it is the first corpus of this kind to be released.
A Hybrid Framework for Scalable Opinion Mining in Social Media: Detecting Polarities and Attitude Targets

Text mining of massive Social Media postings presents interesting challenges for NLP applications due to sparse interpretation contexts, grammatical and orthographical variability as well as its very fragmentary nature. No single methodological approach can be expected to work across such diverse typologies as twitter micro-blogging, customer reviews, carefully edited blogs, etc. In this paper we present a modular and scalable framework to Social Media Opinion Mining that combines stochastic and symbolic techniques to structure a semantic space to exploit and interpret efficiently. We describe the use of this framework for the discovery and clustering of opinion targets and topics in user-generated comments for the Telecom and Automotive domains.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION LABORATORY FOR EVALUATING RAMP METERING ALGORITHMS

Author(s): Chu, Lianyu; Liu, Henry X. ; Recker, Will; Zhang, H. Michael | Abstract: As an efficient traffic control strategy to ameliorate freeway traffic congestion, ramp metering has been successfully applied in the U.S. However, the applicability and effectiveness of a ramp-metering strategy must be investigated during the pre-implementation phase to ensure the success of the implementation. The use of traffic simulation models can provide a quick and cost-effective way to test and evaluate a ramp-metering algorithm prior to implementation on the freeway network. In this paper a micro-simulation laboratory, based on a functionality-enhanced Paramics simulation model that integrates some complementary ATMIS modules, has been established for the evaluation of ramp metering control. Three adaptive ramp metering algorithms, including ALINEA, BOTTLENECK and ZONE, have been evaluated in this Paramics simulation laboratory over a stretch of the I-405 freeway in California. Simulation results show that the two coordinated ramp-metering algorithms, i.e. BOTTLENECK and ZONE perform better that the current fixed-time control and ALINEA algorithm under both morning and afternoon scenarios.
A Novel Architecture For Network Coded Electronic Health Record Storage System

The use of network coding for large scale content distribution improves download time. This is demonstrated in this work by the use of network coded Electronic Health Record Storage System (EHR-SS). An architecture of 4-layer to build the EHR-SS is designed. The application integrates the data captured for the patient from three modules namely administrative data, medical records of consultation and reports of medical tests. The lower layer is the data capturing layer using RFID reader. The data is captured in the lower level from different nodes. The data is combined with some linear coefficients using linear network coding. At the lower level the data from different tags are combined and stored and at the level 2 coding combines the data from multiple readers and a corresponding encoding vector is generated. This network coding is done at the server node through small mat lab net-cod interface software. While accessing the stored data, the user data has the data type represented in the form of decoding vector. For storing and retrieval the primary key is the patient id. The results obtained were observed with a reduction of download time of about 12% for our case study set up.
Tests and Monitoring of Grounding Systems in HV/MV Substations

Each grounding system (GS) needs periodical measurements to control its adequacy to the safety conditions. The tests of step and touch voltages are the sole measurements available in urban or industrial areas with reduced accessibility. In fact, in these areas, the classic measurements used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS generally present some operational difficulties. The auxiliary current electrodes can only be located at short distances, and thus, the test methods and techniques result in conservative values in comparison with the prospected true values measurable by adopting a remote auxiliary electrode. The locations of auxiliary current electrodes at short distance make it easier to keep them permanently installed and to permit the monitoring of the adequacy of GS. This paper presents the measuring touch/step voltages procedure that provides conservative results showing some case studies done in GS of high voltage/medium voltage substations. It is essential to have the map of the constitution and configuration of the GS to know its data and the location of the various equipment and buildings, the presence of extraneous conductive parts inside, and in proximity of the substation, such as other GS. The field measurements require a good experience of the operator that can be learned by carrying out measurements in cases of GS with influence zone accessible, so that it is possible to compare the traditional method with a remote electrode and the method at short distance.
A meta-analysis of neuropsychological markers of vulnerability to suicidal behavior in mood disorders

Background Suicidal behavior results from a complex interplay between stressful events and vulnerability factors, including cognitive deficits. However, it is not clear which cognitive tests may best reveal this vulnerability. The objective was to identify neuropsychological tests of vulnerability to suicidal acts in patients with mood disorders. Method A search was made of Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases, and article references. A total of 25 studies (2323 participants) met the selection criteria. A total of seven neuropsychological tests [Iowa gambling task (IGT), Stroop test, trail making test part B, Wisconsin card sorting test, category and semantic verbal fluencies, and continuous performance test] were used in at least three studies to be analysed. Results IGT and category verbal fluency performances were lower in suicide attempters than in patient controls [respectively, g = –0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.65 to –0.29 and g = –0.32, 95% CI –0.60 to –0.04] and healthy controls, with no difference between the last two groups. Stroop performance was lower in suicide attempters than in patient controls (g = 0.37, 95% CI 0.10–0.63) and healthy controls, with patient controls scoring lower than healthy controls. The four other tests were altered in both patient groups versus healthy controls but did not differ between patient groups. Conclusions Deficits in decision-making, category verbal fluency and the Stroop interference test were associated with histories of suicidal behavior in patients with mood disorders. Altered value-based and cognitive control processes may be important factors of suicidal vulnerability. These tests may also have the potential of guiding therapeutic interventions and becoming part of future systematic assessment of suicide risk.
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

DESCRIPTION Update of the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-related disease in adults, including pregnant women. METHODS The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on interventions for tobacco smoking cessation that are relevant to primary care (behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and complementary or alternative therapy) in adults, including pregnant women. POPULATION This recommendation applies to adults aged 18 years or older, including pregnant women. RECOMMENDATIONS The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to adults who use tobacco. (A recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant women about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions for cessation to pregnant women who use tobacco. (A recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in pregnant women. (I statement). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend electronic nicotine delivery systems for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women. The USPSTF recommends that clinicians direct patients who smoke tobacco to other cessation interventions with established effectiveness and safety (previously stated). (I statement).
Asymptotic Analysis of Space-Time Codes in Non-Gaussian Noise and Interference

In this paper, we provide a framework for the asymptotic performance analysis of space-time codes (STCs) in correlated Ricean fading and non-Gaussian noise and interference. In particular, we derive a simple, asymptotically tight expression for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of coherent STCs which is valid for any type of noise and interference with finite moments. This PEP expression can be used to obtain accurate asymptotic approximations for the bit and symbol error probabilities of STCs. Our results show that while the diversity gain of an STC is independent of the type of noise, the coding gain is not and depends on certain moments of the noise and interference. We provide closed-form expressions for these moments for several practically relevant types of noise and interference. Our analytical findings are confirmed by simulations for Alamouti's ST block code and Tarokh's ST trellis code and several different types of noise and interference.
Explaining risk for suicide-related behaviour in adolescent offspring of mothers with depression

Background: There is evidence to suggest that maternal depression is associated with suicide-related behaviour in offspring; however pathways contributing to risk remain unclear. The aim of this thesis was to investigate mechanisms of the association between maternal depression and offspring suicidal ideation and attempt in a general population sample. Methods: Data were utilised from a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Maternal depression symptoms were assessed on 10 occasions from pregnancy to child age 11 years. Offspring suicide-related behaviour was assessed at age 16 years. Latent class growth analysis was used to derive trajectories of maternal depression symptoms. Pathways mediating risk between maternal depression and offspring suicide-related behaviour were then examined using structural equation modelling. Results: Five distinct classes of maternal depression symptoms were identified (minimal, mild, increasing, sub-threshold, chronic-severe). Compared to offspring of mothers with minimal symptoms, the greatest risk of suicidal ideation was found for offspring of mothers with chronic-severe symptoms [OR 3.04 (95% CI 2.19, 4.21)], with evidence for smaller increases in risk for offspring of mothers with sub-threshold, increasing and mild symptoms. The pattern of findings was similar when examining risk for offspring suicide attempt. The majority of the association between maternal chronic-severe depression and offspring suicidal ideation was explained through maternal suicide attempt and offspring psychopathology. However, there was also evidence for indirect effects via both the parent-child relationship and peer victimisation. Conclusion: Findings from this thesis highlight that risk for suicide-related behaviour should be considered in offspring of mothers with sustained depression symptoms, even when symptoms are below clinical levels. Suicide prevention efforts in offspring of depressed mothers should be targeted at offspring with psychopathology and offspring whose mothers have made a suicide attempt. Interventions aimed at improving the parent-child relationship, or reducing peer victimisation may also be beneficial.
A GA-Based Effective Fault-Tolerant Model for Channel Allocation in Mobile Computing

Efficient channel allocation to mobile hosts is of utmost importance in a cellular network. A genetic algorithm (GA), which is a useful tool in solving optimization problems, is explored to design a fault-tolerant cellular channel allocation model that allows a cell to continue communicating with its mobile hosts, even if there are insufficient channels available in the cell. Sometimes, the load over a cell may increase to the extent that it needs more channels than it actually has in order to handle the traffic. On the other hand, it is quite possible that the load in some other cell is less than its channel capacity, resulting in underutilization of the channels. This problem is solved by temporarily taking unutilized channels from cells that have lesser load and allocating them to the cells that are overloaded. We propose a model that reuses available channels more efficiently. The model also considers the handoff by using the reserved channel technique. A reserved pool of channels makes the model fault tolerant. Thus, the proposed work uses GA for fault-tolerant dynamic channel allocation to minimize the average number of blocked hosts and handoff failures in the mobile computing network. Simulation experiments evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Comparison of the results with the two recent earlier models reveals that the proposed model works better in serving mobile hosts.
Estimating the Distinctiveness of Graphemes and Allographs in Palaeographic Classification

Within the discipline of palaeography, the ‘morphological’ approach tries to describe the lettershape as a whole, so a letter may be described as a ‘Caroline a’ or as an ‘insular r’. Aspects of this approach are visible in almost all palaeographical handbooks, particularly those that provide alphabets or selections of letter-forms. An example is Albert Derolez’s, Palaeography of Gothic Manuscript Books, which also provides a useful discussion of morphology as a palaeographical method.
Use of l-Proline and ATP Production by Trypanosoma cruzi Metacyclic Forms as Requirements for Host Cell Invasion

ABSTRACT The process of host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi depends on parasite energy. What source of energy is used for that event is not known. To address this and other questions related to T. cruzi energy requirements and cell invasion, we analyzed metacyclic trypomastigote forms of the phylogenetically distant CL and G strains. For both strains, the nutritional stress experienced by cells starved for 24, 36, or 48 h in phosphate-buffered saline reduced the ATP content and the ability of the parasite to invade HeLa cells proportionally to the starvation time. Inhibition of ATP production by treating parasites with rotenone plus antimycin A also diminished the infectivity. Nutrient depletion did not alter the expression of gp82, the surface molecule that mediates CL strain internalization, but increased the expression of gp90, the negative regulator of cell invasion, in the G strain. When l-proline was given to metacyclic forms starved for 36 h, the ATP levels were restored to those of nonstarved controls for both strains. Glucose had no such effect, although this carbohydrate and l-proline were transported in similar fashions. Recovery of infectivity promoted by l-proline treatment of starved parasites was restricted to the CL strain. The profile of restoration of ATP content and gp82-mediated invasion capacity by l-proline treatment of starved Y-strain parasites was similar to that of the CL strain, whereas the Dm28 and Dm30 strains, whose infectivity is downregulated by gp90, behaved like the G strain. l-Proline was also found to increase the ability of the CL strain to traverse a gastric mucin layer, a property important for the establishment of T. cruzi infection by the oral route. Efficient translocation of parasites through gastric mucin toward the target epithelial cells in the stomach mucosa is an essential requirement for subsequent cell invasion. By relying on these closely associated ATP-driven processes, the metacyclic trypomastigotes effectively accomplish their internalization.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF GRAY WOLVES TO KETAMINE-XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATION AND ANTAGONISM BY YOHIMBINE

Adult wolves (Canis lupus) were immobilized with 6.6 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (KET) and 2.2 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (XYL) administered intramuscularly. Induction time was 4.6 ± 0.3 min (x̄ ± SE). Immobilization resulted in significant bradycardia and hypertension (P < 0.05). Twenty min after induction, the wolves were given 0.05–0.60 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride (YOH). Yohimbine given intravenously produced dose-related increases in heart rate (HR) with doses >0.15 mg/kg resulting in extreme tachycardia (>300 bpm). All doses of YOH caused a temporary decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) with some individual animals manifesting profound hypotension (<30 torr) at doses >0.15 mg/kg. Increasing the dose of YOH above 0.15 mg/kg did not significantly decrease either arousal or ambulation times. Administering YOH at 40 or 60 min after induction resulted in decreased arousal and ambulation times. Stimulation by weighing and taking repeated blood samples during anesthesia did not shorten arousal times. We recommend that wolves immobilized with XYL-KET be antagonized with doses of YOH <0.15 mg/kg.
Intimate reflections: private diaries in qualitative research

This article explores the use of private diaries in qualitative research about intimate everyday experiences. The article first reflects on existing diary-based research, then examines data from a small-scale UK study about the negotiation of condom use in heterosex to pose questions about the kinds of data made available when participants use private diaries as a prompt in qualitative interviews. The article discusses the use of private diaries as a way to explore ambivalent, everyday experiences and interrogates the role of diaries as a form of confessional or measurement of private life. It explores how combined researcher intimate diaries and field note journals can be used in reflexive qualitative sexualities research. The article finally examines the potential for diaries as a form of research intervention in participants’ intimate lives.
Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Despite the richness in antioxidants of the Mediterranean diet, to our knowledge, no randomized controlled trials have assessed its effect on in vivo lipoprotein oxidation. METHODS A total of 372 subjects at high cardiovascular risk (210 women and 162 men; age range, 55-80 years), who were recruited into a large, multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial (the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED] Study) directed at testing the efficacy of the traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) on the primary prevention of coronary heart disease, were assigned to a low-fat diet (n = 121) or one of 2 TMDs (TMD + virgin olive oil or TMD + nuts). The TMD participants received nutritional education and either free virgin olive oil for all the family (1 L/wk) or free nuts (30 g/d). Diets were ad libitum. Changes in oxidative stress markers were evaluated at 3 months. RESULTS After the 3-month interventions, mean (95% confidence intervals) oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels decreased in the TMD + virgin olive oil (-10.6 U/L [-14.2 to -6.1]) and TMD + nuts (-7.3 U/L [-11.2 to -3.3]) groups, without changes in the low-fat diet group (-2.9 U/L [-7.3 to 1.5]). Change in oxidized LDL levels in the TMD + virgin olive oil group reached significance vs that of the low-fat group (P = .02). Malondialdehyde changes in mononuclear cells paralleled those of oxidized LDL. No changes in serum glutathione peroxidase activity were observed. CONCLUSIONS Individuals at high cardiovascular risk who improved their diet toward a TMD pattern showed significant reductions in cellular lipid levels and LDL oxidation. Results provide further evidence to recommend the TMD as a useful tool against risk factors for CHD. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Yawning detection for monitoring driver fatigue based on two cameras

Driver fatigue is one of the main reasons causing traffic accidents. Yawning is an important character of driver fatigue. Mouth geometric character represents state of driver. So driver's mouth detection and information extraction is especially important. This paper proposes to locate and track driver's mouth using two CCD cameras to detect driver's fatigue in real-time. One of them is with cloud platform control. Camera A, which is fixed, is mainly used to supply driver's head position. Camera B, which is controllable, is to locate driver's mouth and extract mouth information. First, collecting monitoring video of camera A (low resolution ratio) and locate driver's face using fast image processing algorithm. Second, we send commands to camera B (high resolution ratio) through serial port to make it shoot driver's head all the time according to face position in Camera A. Then we use haar-like features to detect driver's mouth in camera B and track it according to historical position. At last, yawning is detected by the ratio of mouth height and width. Through this method the resolution ratio of driver's mouth is higher than one camera and the feature information is more accuracy. It provides a better basis for driver fatigue judging.