Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross‐linking of CD18 in human neutrophils induces an increase of intracellular free Ca2+, exocytosis of azurophilic granules, quantitative up‐regulation of CD18, shedding of L‐selectin, and actin polymerization

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) exert most of their physiological functions while adherent to surfaces rather than in suspension. PMN adhesion is largely dependent on the function of the β 2 integrins, CDlla,b,c/CD18. We mimicked engagement of β 2 integrins by antibody cross‐linking of CD18 on isolated human PMNs using both intact monoclonal antibody and F(ab')2 fragments. Within seconds of CD18 cross‐linking, we observed a significant, transient rise of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration by 200–300 nM, which was largely due to Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. The Ca2+ signal was blocked after pretreatment with phorbol myristate acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, but not with herbimycin A, a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinases. In addition to the rise of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, CD18 cross‐linking induced exocytosis of azurophilic granules (release of 26% of total PMN elastase), which was significantly inhibited by herbimycin A. Moreover, 2.2‐fold up‐regulation of CD18 antigen and significant down‐regulation of surface expression of the granulocyte adhesion molecule L‐selectin were induced. Granulocyte F‐actin content as measured by nitrobenzoxadiazole‐phallacidin increased significantly 1 min after CD18 cross‐linking. By contrast, CD18 crosslinking by soluble antibodies did not induce superoxide production, but PMNs bound to immobilized monoclonal antibodies against CD18 released significant amounts of superoxide. Initial signaling through β 2 integrins does not appear to be mediated by a phospholipase C isoform activated through tyrosine phosphorylation, because the Ca2+ signal was not altered by herbimycin A. However, more complex cellular responses including exocytosis were found to require tyrosine phosphorylation. We show that engagement of β 2 integrins provides an important stimulatory signal to PMNs inducing degranulation, modulation of L‐selectin, and cytoskeletal changes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 625–635; 1994.
Efficacy and Safety of ‘Fixed Dose’ versus ‘Loose’ Drug Regimens for Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two High TB-Burden African Countries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background There are limited data on the performance of the use of fixed-dose combination (FDC) TB drugs when used under programmatic settings in high TB-endemic countries. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of FDC versus loose formulation (LF) TB treatment regimens for treatment of pulmonary TB (PTB) in the context of actual medical practice in prevailing conditions within programmatic settings in five sites in two high TB-burden African countries. Methods A two-arm, single-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing FDCs with separate LFs involving 1000 adults newly diagnosed with culture positive PTB was conducted at five sites in two African countries between 2007 and 2011. Participants were randomized to receive daily treatment with anti-TB drugs given as either FDC or separate LFs for 24 weeks (intensive phase– 8 weeks of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide; continuation phase– 16 weeks of rifampicin and isoniazid). Primary outcome measures were microbiological cure and safety at the end of six months’ treatment; pre-specified non-inferiority margin for difference in cure rate was 4%. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the modified intent to treat (mITT) cohort comprising all randomized patients with a positive baseline culture result for TB and who received at least one dose of study treatment. Patients missing end of treatment culture results were considered failures. Further analyses were done in which mITT patients without an end of treatment (EOT) culture were excluded in a complete case analysis (mITTcc) and a per protocol cohort analysis defined as mITTcc patients who received at least 95% of their intended doses and had an EOT culture result. Results In the mITT analysis, the cure rate in the FDC group was 86.7% (398/459) and in the LF group 85.2% (396/465) (difference 1.5-% (90% confidence interval (CI) (-2.2%– 5.3%)). Per Protocol analysis showed similar results: FDC 98.9% (359/363) versus LF 96.9% (345/356), (difference 2.0% (90% CI: 0.1%– 3.8%)). The two arms showed no significant differences in terms of safety, early culture conversion and patient adherence to treatment. Interpretation The comparison of the two drug regimens satisfied the pre-specified non-inferiority criterion. Our results support the WHO recommendations for the use of FDC in the context of actual medical practice within health services in high TB-endemic countries. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry 95204603
Illumination and view dependent progressive transmission of semi-regular meshes with subdivision connectivity

For wireless network based graphics applications, a key challenge is how to efficiently transmit complex 3D models over bandwidth-limited wireless channels. Recently, several view-dependent 3D progressive mesh transmission schemes have been proposed, which save the transmission bandwidth through only delivering the visible portions of a mesh model. In this paper, we propose to incorporate the illumination effects into the existing view-depend progressive mesh transmission system to further improve the performance. In particular, we propose a novel distortion model, which consists of both illumination distortion and geometry distortion. We further simplify the distortion model in order to compute the rate-distortion function for each segment of a mesh model in a fast manner. Based on our proposed simplified distortion model, given the viewing and lighting parameters, we are able to optimally allocate bits among different segments in real time. Experimental results show that significant quality improvement can be achieved by taking into account the illumination effects.
Is It Really Just Like a Fancy Answering Machine? Comparing Semantic Networks of Different Types of Voice Mail Users

We propose a conceptual as well as practical distinction, possible in voice mail systems, between the traditional telephone genre of voice answering and a new genre of telephone communication of voice messaging. This distinction should be reflected in comments provided by respondents who report that they use voice mail more for messaging than for answering, and by those who send more voice messages than do others. Semantic network analysis identified different clusters of concepts found in responses to open-ended questions on a survey completed by these kinds of users. For example, all users had common word clusters concerning the ability to overcome temporal constraints and leave messages through voice mail. However, responses of "senders" and "messagers" included word clusters such as "group distribution" and greater concern with issues such as critical mass and problems of traditional telephone usage (such as busy signals), while responses of low senders and answerers included clusters indicating concern about the impersonal nature of voice mail. We discuss implications both for this method of analysis as well as for implementation and management of voice mail systems.
First-Principles Studies of Hydrogen Adsorption at Pd-SiO2 Interfaces

The interaction of hydrogen with Pd-SiO2 interfaces has been investigated for the first time using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The hydrogen-induced polarization at the Pd-SiO2 interfaces was evaluated using Pd-SiO2 interface supercells. As a result, the potential change induced by interfacial hydrogen atoms was not observed even for hydrogen concentration of ~1.3 × 1015 cm−2 at the Pd-SiO2 interface. This result implies that hydrogen does not create an electric double layer at the Pd-SiO2 interface but change the property of the SiO2 region, resulting in the hydrogen sensitivity of the devices.
Appendix I: Measurement of Variables

Regional Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (GDP) GDP represents the regional GDP per capita measured as a proportion of the overall Spanish average of 100, adjusted annually. The regional GDP scores (along with the updated Spanish average of 100) were available for each of the 17 regions for 1973, 1985, 1989, 1991, and 1993. Missing years between 1977 and 1996 were given scores via interpolation and extrapolation. Values range from a low of 61.43 for Extremadura in 1977 to a high of 151.85 for the Balearic Islands in 1996 (mean = 99.91, std. dev. = 21.21) [Sources: Rodríguez, 1989; Heywood, 1995]
Alcohol Use-Related Problems Among a Rural Indian Population of West Bengal: An Application of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

AIMS To examine alcohol use and related problems among a rural subset of the Indian population. METHODS The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used as part of Health and Demographic Surveillance of 36,611 individuals aged ≥18 years. From this survey data on 3671 current alcohol users were analysed using bivariate and multivariate ordered logit regression. RESULTS Over 19% of males and 2.4% of females were current alcohol users. Mean ethanol consumption on a typical drinking day among males was estimated to be higher (96.3 gm) than females (56.5 gm). Mean AUDIT score was 11 among current alcohol users. AUDIT showed in the ordered logit regression estimated alcohol use-related problems to be low among women, Scheduled Tribes and unmarried people, whereas alcohol use-related problems registered high among Muslims. CONCLUSION This rural population appears to be in need of an effective intervention program, perhaps targeting men and the household, aimed at reducing the level of alcohol use and related problems.
Metaphysics of love as moral responsibility in nursing and midwifery

This thesis explored the question of "what love is in nursing and midwifery". The answer is moral responsibility, a form of love that centres on the ability/possibility of a nurse to transcend their personal being as a self-project and to be "for" the patient as a first priority in living out the command to be responsible.
Parents' Death and Adult Well‐being: Gender, Age, and Adaptation to Filial Bereavement

The authors investigated how filial bereavement affects the subjective well-being of adult children. They used data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study to examine temporal profiles of life satisfaction in 2,760 adult children ages 17-70 who moved through the stages of anticipation of, reaction to, and adaptation to a parent's death. Fixed effects models covering up to 11 yearly measurements per respondent revealed that the negative effects of parental loss on life satisfaction varied substantially by gender and age. First, daughters who lost their mothers experienced the deepest drops in life satisfaction. Second, negative effects were stronger if filial bereavement was "off time": children who lost a parent in younger adulthood experienced steeper declines in life satisfaction. Daughters who are untimely bereaved of their mothers did not fully adapt even several years after the death.
mportance of landscape features and Earth observation derived abitat maps for modelling amphibian distribution in the Alta Murgia ational Park entile

Traditionally, analyses of relationships between amphibians and habitat focused on breeding environments (i.e., pond features) more than on the features of the surrounding environment. Nevertheless, for most amphibians the terrestrial phase is longer than the aquatic phase, and consequently landscape features (i.e., habitat mosaics) may have an important role for modelling amphibian distribution. There were different aims in this analysis. Firstly, we compared the effectiveness of the information provided by land cover/use (LC/LU) classes and habitat classes defined according to a new habitat taxonomy named General Habitat Category (GHC), which is based on the concept of biological forms of dominant vegetation and class naturalness. The GHC map used was obtained from a pre-existing validated LC/LU map, by integrating spectral and spatial measurements from very high resolution Earth observation data according to ecological expert rules involving concepts related to spatial and temporal relationships among LC/LU and habitat classes. Then, we investigated the importance for amphibians of the landscape surrounding ponds within the Italian Alta Murgia National Park. The work assessed whether LC/LU classes in pond surrounds are important for the presence/absence of amphibians in this area, and identified which classes are more important for amphibians. The results obtained can provide useful indications to management strategies aiming at the conservation of amphibians within the study area. An information-theoretic approach was adopted to assess whether GHC maps allow to improve the performance of species distribution models. We used the Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc) to compare the effectiveness of GHC categories versus LC/LU categories in explaining the presence/absence of pool frogs. AICc weights suggest that GHC categories can better explain the distribution of frogs, compared to LC/LU classes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fiber-hydrogel composites for skin tissue engineering

Tissue engineered skin grafts have been considered as an alternative to replace damage skin from burns and injury. One challenge in tissue engineering is the difficulty in developing three dimensional (3D) grafts mimicking natural tissue. This study developed fiber-hydrogel composites suitable for three dimensional cell culture in developing tissue engineered skin grafts. Natural fibrous scaffolds were obtained from the decellurization of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) of cattle. Dehydrated SIS membranes, hydrated SIS membranes and SIS-alginate composite were prepared and their fracture toughness was determined by performing tensile and fracture tests. The natural fibers in SIS resisted cracking and enhanced the material toughness. This SIS-alginate composite had increased thickness and similar toughness of natural skin. The developed SIS-alginate composite can be used as a scaffold in the 3D cell culture of skin tissue engineering.
Effect of the dynamic optical properties of water on midinfrared laser ablation

Water is a primary tissue chromophore in the midinfrared. Absorption of midinfrared radiation by water is a function of temperature and pressure, both of which rise rapidly during an ablative laser pulse. Data show that the absorption coefficient of water changes, by as much as two orders of magnitude, during a high‐irradiance laser pulse. We present an ablation model that is fundamentally based upon Beer's Law but considers changes in the absorption coefficient. The model predicts that Er:YAG laser cuts will be deeper than Er:YSGG laser cuts; an opposite prediction would be made based upon the static, low‐intensity absorption coefficient of water. The results of in vitro ablation of skin confirm that the dynamic optical properties of tissue need to be considered in the understanding of laser ablation as well as the design, manufacture, use, and regulation of clinical laser systems. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the comparation of building damage extracted from different RS images acquired after 2010 M=7.1 Yushu, Qinghai, China earthquake

The capability to identify damage level of building due to destructive earthquake from RS image depends on the sensor type (for example optical or SAR) and spatial resolution. It is usually estimated by considering the object size and the pixel size, the number of pixels the object covers. Such comparison does not show effective capability of damage grade identification. The authors have developed quantitative methods to determine earthquake damage grade by using a RS seismic damage index (RSDI) which describes the seismic damage level in an area scale of street block or village. RSDI differs from the seismic damage index determined through ground survey (GDI). The comparison between RSDI and GDI will suggest difference in damage identification. In this paper, the estimation of building damage grade is introduced based on the quantitatively extraction of building damage grade from various RS images acquired after 2010 Ms7.1 Yushu earthquake, Qinghai, China. Then a series of quantitative models between the RSDI and GDI for each source of RS image are obtained. The capability to identify building damage from RS image with different resolution will be analyzed in the paper.
Mapping between Relational Database Schema and OWL Ontology for Deep Annotation

Creating mappings between database schema and Web ontology is a preconditioning process in the generation of ontological annotations for dynamic Web page contents extracted from the database. In this paper, a practical approach to creating mappings between a relational database schema and an OWL ontology is presented. The approach can automatically construct the mappings by following a set of predefined heuristic rules based on the conceptual correspondences between the schema and the ontology. This automatic mapping is implemented as the core functionality in a prototype tool D2OMapper that has some assistant functions to help the user manually create and maintain the mappings. Case studies show that the proposed approach is effective and the produced mappings can be applied to semantic annotation of database-based, dynamic Web pages
Acute Urinary Retention During Pregnancy—A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of acute urinary retention (AUR) during pregnancy.We included all cases of pregnancies with AUR reported in Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011. Cases of AUR onset 1 day before delivery were excluded. The Cochrane-Armitage trend test and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the age distribution and types of deliveries of pregnant women. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact test were performed to examine the association among all covariates. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.We identified 308 cases of AUR in 65,490 pregnancies. The risk of AUR during pregnancy was 0.47%. The peak incidence occurred between the 9th and 16th gestational weeks. Patients who experienced preterm delivery exhibited the highest risk for AUR (2.18%). Those with post-term delivery had the second highest risk (0.46%), and patients with a normal delivery exhibited the lowest risk (0.33%). Compared with normal delivery, preterm delivery carried a higher risk of AUR (OR: 6.33, 95% CI: 4.94–8.11). The AUR risk was higher for patients with advanced maternal age (>35 years old) than it was for those in the younger group (< 20 years old) (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.18–5.81). Within the normal delivery group, higher incidences of urogenital infection, gestational diabetes mellitus, previous abortion, abnormal pelvis, disproportion, and endometriosis were noted in women with AUR than in those without AUR (all P values <0.05). Women with advanced maternal age and those who experienced preterm delivery had an increased risk for AUR. The peak incidence of AUR in normal pregnancies occurred between the 9th and 16th gestational weeks. Urogenital infection, gestational diabetes mellitus, previous abortion, abnormal pelvis, disproportion, and endometriosis were associated with AUR in women who underwent a normal delivery.
A framework for component deployment testing

Component-based development is the emerging paradigm in software production, though several challenges still slow down its full taking up. In particular, the "component trust problem" refers to how adequate guarantees and documentation about a component's behaviour can be transferred from the component developer to its potential users. The capability to test a component when deployed within the target application environment can help establish the compliance of a candidate component to the customer's expectations and certainly contributes to "increase trust". To this purpose, we propose the CDT framework for Component Deployment Testing. CDT provides the customer with both a technique to early specify a deployment test suite and an environment for running and reusing the specified tests on any component implementation. The framework can also be used to deliver the component developer's test suite and to later re-execute it. The central feature of CDT is the complete decoupling between the specification of the tests and the component implementation.
Adolescent Parenting: Relationship to School Attendance and Achievement

School nurses often provide supportive services to pregnant and parenting teens. This study aims to describe the relationship between female secondary students’ attendance and achievement before and after childbirth. Among female students in the Minneapolis Public Schools who had a birth in 1994, there was a strong correlation between school achievement before and after the giving birth. Of those students not academically successful before the birth, over half were not successful afterward. Among those academically successful before the birth, 72% were successful after the birth. However, in the almost 40% with different academic success before, compared with after the birth, two thirds demonstrated greater academic success following the birth. Results show that attendance declines for adolescent female parents 1 year after a birth compared with 1 year before. Programs need to be examined to maximize each student’s potential and opportunities.
Impossibility of Classically Simulating One-Clean-Qubit Model with Multiplicative Error.

The one-clean-qubit model (or the deterministic quantum computation with one quantum bit model) is a restricted model of quantum computing where all but a single input qubits are maximally mixed. It is known that the probability distribution of measurement results on three output qubits of the one-clean-qubit model cannot be classically efficiently sampled within a constant multiplicative error unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses to the third level [T. Morimae, K. Fujii, and J. F. Fitzsimons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 130502 (2014)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.112. 130502]. It was open whether we can keep the no-go result while reducing the number of output qubits from three to one. Here, we solve the open problem affirmatively. We also show that the third-level collapse of the polynomial-time hierarchy can be strengthened to the second-level one. The strengthening of the collapse level from the third to the second also holds for other subuniversal models such as the instantaneous quantum polynomial model [M. Bremner, R. Jozsa, and D. J. Shepherd, Proc. R. Soc. A 467, 459 (2011)PRLAAZ1364-502110.1098/rspa.2010. 0301] and the boson sampling model [S. Aaronson and A. Arkhipov, STOC 2011, p. 333]. We additionally study the classical simulatability of the one-clean-qubit model with further restrictions on the circuit depth or the gate types.
A Distributed Magnetic Circuit Approach to Analysis of Multiphase Induction Machines With Nonsinusoidal Supply

A 15-phase induction machine supplied by voltages with third-order harmonic injection has nonsinusoidal magnetomotive forces distribution. This paper introduces a distributed magnetic circuit approach to perform magnetic circuit calculations in order to determine the magnetizing inductance for both the fundamental and third-harmonic component. The proposed approach divides the half-pole or one-pole machine model into a large number of fan-shaped sectors. The air-gap flux densities for all sectors are then solved iteratively. The fundamental and third-harmonic inductances are extracted via Fourier analysis of air-gap flux density distribution. Calculated fundamental and third-order harmonic inductances are compared with those obtained from no-load tests of a 15-phase prototype induction machine. The good agreement between calculated and experimental results verifies the accuracy of the presented method.