Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common and frequently devastating condition, accounting for ≈5% of all strokes and affecting as many as 30 000 Americans each year.1,2 The American Heart Association (AHA) previously published “Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ”3 Since then, considerable advances have been made in endovascular techniques, diagnostic methods, and surgical and perioperative management paradigms. Nevertheless, outcome for patients with SAH remains poor, with population-based mortality rates as high as 45% and significant morbidity among survivors.4–9 Several multicenter, prospective, randomized trials and prospective cohort analyses have influenced treatment protocols for SAH. However, rapid evolution of newer treatment modalities, as well as other practical and ethical considerations, has meant that rigorous clinical scientific assessment of the treatment protocols has not been feasible in several important areas. To address these issues, the Stroke Council of the AHA formed a writing group to reevaluate the recommendations for management of aneurysmal SAH. A consensus committee reviewed existing data in this field and prepared the recommendations in 1994.3 In an effort to update those recommendations, a systematic literature review was conducted based on a search of MEDLINE to identify all relevant randomized clinical trials published between June 30, 1994, and November 1, 2006 (search terms: subarachnoid hemorrhage , cerebral aneurysm , trial ; Table 1). Each identified article was reviewed by at least 2 members of the writing group. Selected articles had to meet one of the following criteria to be included: randomized trial or nonrandomized concurrent cohort study. Case series and nonrandomized historical cohort studies were reviewed if no studies with a higher level of evidence were available for a particular topic covered in the initial guidelines. These were chosen on the basis of sample size and the relevance of the particular studies to subjects that …
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Techniques in a Distributed Environment

Data storing and retrieving has been important since decades in the world of information. It makes this process prolific, when the retrieved information becomes smartly meaningful. Data mining is this new flavor. In the recent years data mining is a wide spread and active area of research. Its meaningfulness has gained momentum due to its vast area of applications. One of the popular and potential sub-areas of data mining is preserving privacy while mining. Data mining tools bring a factor of threat to the data under study for subjects like medical history, banking/credit card details, judicial matters and a few more. In such sectors, the data can be sensitive and personal. Protecting such data becomes the key factor during the process of mining. Here is an attempt to study the techniques used to address the issue of privacy preserving data mining in a distributed database environment in the last decade. General Terms Privacy Preserving Data Mining
Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma brain metastases-comparison of dose response.

Background Metastatic melanoma appears to have inferior local control (LC) than renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the brain. Objective To retrospectively examine RCC vs. melanoma LC dose response. Methods Follow-up data were available for 88 patients (RCC=38; melanoma=50) with 235 tumors (RCC=92; melanoma=143) treated with Gamma Knife SRS between Dec. 2005 to Aug. 2012. LC was compared among RCC vs. melanoma and then at each margin dose (≤18Gy, 20Gy, 22Gy, and 24Gy). Patient survival and toxicity were analyzed. Median follow-up was 9.8 months (RCC) and 5.4 months (melanoma). Results Patient characteristics were similar between RCC vs. melanoma with respect to gender, age, KPS, GPA, lesions per patient, and tumor volume. For all margin doses, LC at 6 months was 98.6% (RCC) vs. 79.2% (melanoma). When broken down by margin dose, at ≤18 Gy (P<0.0001) and 20 Gy (P=0.02), RCC had better LC compared to melanoma. At 22 Gy, LC were similar between the two histologies (P=0.19). At 24 Gy, melanoma had better LC than RCC (P=0.02). Tumor volumes were similar between RCC vs. melanoma at each margin dose (P>0.05). Small melanoma tumors (<4ml) exhibited LC dose dependence. Median survival was 16.1 months (RCC) and 9.6 months (melanoma). Toxicity was not significantly different between the two histologies and margin doses. Conclusions RCC has significantly better LC than melanoma after SRS. Higher doses could be used for melanoma tumors <4ml to improve melanoma LC.
Recalibration-free indoor localization with Wi-Fi fingerprinting of invariant received signal strength

Localization of a human or a robot in indoor environment prior to initial human-robot interaction is the motivation of this paper. The utilization of Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS) by adopting fingerprinting technique is used to compute the location estimation. However, Wi-Fi RSS instability incurred by mutable channel characteristics hampers a wide-spread adoption of RSS based location fingerprinting to real world applications. To overcome RSS instability problem, we propose a new method based on the concept of “invariant RSS statistics”, where it is defined as the RSS samples collected at each calibration location under minimal random spatiotemporal disturbances. The invariant RSS statistics thus collected forms the reference pattern classes in the space formed by Wi-Fi sources. Fingerprinting is done by identifying the reference pattern class that maximally supports the RSS readings collected at an unknown location for available Wi-Fi sources. The support of RSS readings is defined here as the sum of the likelihood probabilities of individual RSS readings. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides superior performance to conventional ones with the success rate higher by 17%, the printing resolution finer by 30% and, naturally, no performance degradation in time without recalibration. Lastly, we present a design guideline that relates statistically the different levels of the random spatiotemporal disturbances inducing RSS instability to the minimum number of Wi-Fi sources required for achieving a certain class separation degree under the given number of calibration locations to be identified.
A novel role for Ascl1 in the regulation of mesendoderm formation via HDAC-dependent antagonism of VegT

Maternally expressed proteins function in vertebrates to establish the major body axes of the embryo and to establish a pre-pattern that sets the stage for later-acting zygotic signals. This pre-patterning drives the propensity of Xenopus animal cap cells to adopt neural fates under various experimental conditions. Previous studies found that the maternally expressed transcription factor, encoded by the Xenopus achaete scute-like gene ascl1, is enriched at the animal pole. Asc1l is a bHLH protein involved in neural development, but its maternal function has not been studied. Here, we performed a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments on maternal ascl1, and present three novel findings. First, Ascl1 is a repressor of mesendoderm induced by VegT, but not of Nodal-induced mesendoderm. Second, a previously uncharacterized N-terminal domain of Ascl1 interacts with HDAC1 to inhibit mesendoderm gene expression. This N-terminal domain is dispensable for its neurogenic function, indicating that Ascl1 acts by different mechanisms at different times. Ascl1-mediated repression of mesendoderm genes was dependent on HDAC activity and accompanied by histone deacetylation in the promoter regions of VegT targets. Finally, maternal Ascl1 is required for animal cap cells to retain their competence to adopt neural fates. These results establish maternal Asc1l as a key factor in establishing pre-patterning of the early embryo, acting in opposition to VegT and biasing the animal pole to adopt neural fates. The data presented here significantly extend our understanding of early embryonic pattern formation. Summary: The proneural factor ASCL1 recruits HDAC1 to repress VegT-induced, but not Nodal-induced, mesendoderm formation via a previously uncharacterized N-terminal domain.
Power optimization of high-resolution low-bandwidth SC ΔΣ modulators

This paper presents a procedure for the power-optimal design of high-resolution low-bandwidth switched-capacitor (SC) ∆Σ modulators (∆ΣMs). The most power efficient ΔΣ architecture is identified among single-loop switched-capacitor (SC) feedback (FB) and feed-forward (FF) topologies with different loop order N, oversampling ratio OSR, and quantizer resolution B. Based on the results obtained, an experimental prototype is implemented in a 0. 18μm CMOS process, achieving a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 95 dB over a signal bandwidth fBW of 10 kHz. The prototype operates with a 1.28MHz sampling rate and dissipates a total power of 210uW from a 1.8V supply. I. Power optimization procedure Low bandwidth (up to few tens of kHz) high resolution (>14 bits) Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are important for portable biomedical devices, such as digital hearing-aids (1). These applications require large dynamic range (DR) as well as very low power consumption in order to extend battery lifetime. We address this ultra-low-power challenge by presenting a procedure for the power-optimal design of high-resolution ΔΣ modulators (ΔΣMs). This study is focused on switched capacitor (SC) single-loop architectures, both feedback (FB) and feed-forward (FF). A block diagram of FB and FF single-loop ΔΣMs implemented using SC techniques is shown in Figure1.a and Figure1.b respectively. Single-loop architectures are more robust to circuit non- idealities (2) and can be made conditionally stable by properly setting the loop coefficients (3).
Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis A Virus in China: VP3-VP1-2A Genes and Evidence of Quasispecies Distribution in the Isolates

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of infectious hepatitis throughout the world, spread largely by the fecal-oral route. To characterize the genetic diversity of the virus circulating in China where HAV in endemic, we selected the outbreak cases with identical sequences in VP1-2A junction region and compiled a panel of 42 isolates. The VP3-VP1-2A regions of the HAV capsid-coding genes were further sequenced and analyzed. The quasispecies distribution was evaluated by cloning the VP3 and VP1-2A genes in three clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the same genotyping results could be obtained whether using the complete VP3, VP1, or partial VP1-2A genes for analysis in this study, although some differences did exist. Most isolates clustered in sub-genotype IA, and fewer in sub-genotype IB. No amino acid mutations were found at the published neutralizing epitope sites, however, several unique amino acid substitutions in the VP3 or VP1 region were identified, with two amino acid variants closely located to the immunodominant site. Quasispecies analysis showed the mutation frequencies were in the range of 7.22x10-4 -2.33x10-3 substitutions per nucleotide for VP3, VP1, or VP1-2A. When compared with the consensus sequences, mutated nucleotide sites represented the minority of all the analyzed sequences sites. HAV replicated as a complex distribution of closely genetically related variants referred to as quasispecies, and were under negative selection. The results indicate that diverse HAV strains and quasispecies inside the viral populations are presented in China, with unique amino acid substitutions detected close to the immunodominant site, and that the possibility of antigenic escaping mutants cannot be ruled out and needs to be further analyzed.
Clustering Mixed Data Points Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm for Performance Analysis

: Clustering plays an outstanding role in data mining research. Among the various algorithms for clustering, most of the researchers used the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM) in the areas like computational geometry, data compression and vector quantization, pattern recognition and pattern classification. In this research, a simple and efficient implementation of FCM clustering algorithm is presented. Three types of inputs are given to algorithm. The data points are first distributed manually, the statistical distributions Normal and Uniform are anther two methods by using the Box-Muller formula. The algorithm is analyzed based on their clustering quality. The behavior of the algorithm depends on the number of data points as well as on the number of cluster. The performance of the algorithm is investigated during different execution of the program on the input data points. The execution time for each cluster and total elapsed time to cluster all the data points is also analyzed and the results are compared with one another.
Recommending with an agenda: active learning of private attributes using matrix factorization

Recommender systems leverage user demographic information, such as age, gender, etc., to personalize recommendations and better place their targeted ads. Oftentimes, users do not volunteer this information due to privacy concerns, or due to a lack of initiative in filling out their online profiles. We illustrate a new threat in which a recommender learns private attributes of users who do not voluntarily disclose them. We design both passive and active attacks that solicit ratings for strategically selected items, and could thus be used by a recommender system to pursue this hidden agenda. Our methods are based on a novel usage of Bayesian matrix factorization in an active learning setting. Evaluations on multiple datasets illustrate that such attacks are indeed feasible and use significantly fewer rated items than static inference methods. Importantly, they succeed without sacrificing the quality of recommendations to users.
Observations on the Fracture of Viscoelastic Bodies

The Bueche-Halpin theory for the fracture of viscoelastic bodies is extended to predict the statistical variability of rupture data for both uniform and nonuniform excitation histories. The concept of cumulative damage is examined in light of some critical experimentation. It is shown that the geometry of the distribution is a sensitive "functional" of the excitation history and that the solution of this problem is the key step in the develop ment of a general theory for fatigue.
Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test results do not predict the germ cell mutagenicity of N‐hydroxymethylacrylamide in the mouse dominant lethal assay

N‐Hydroxymethylacrylamide (NHMA), a mouse carcinogen inactive in the Salmonella assay and mouse micronucleus (MN) assay, was tested for reproductive effects in a mouse continuous breeding study. In that study, increased embryonic deaths were observed after 13 weeks exposure of parental animals to NHMA via drinking water (highest dose, 360 ppm); the results indicated the possible induction of chromosome damage in germ cells of treated males. An additional mouse MN test was conducted using a 31‐day treatment period to better match the dosing regimen used in the breeding study; the results were negative. Additional studies were conducted to explore the germ cell activity of NHMA. A male mouse dominant lethal study was conducted using a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg NHMA; the results were negative. A follow‐up study was conducted using fractionated dosing, 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days; again, no increase in dominant lethal mutations was observed. NHMA (180–720 ppm) was then administered to male mice in drinking water for 13 weeks, during which three sets of matings occurred. Two weeks after mating, females were killed and the uterine contents were analyzed. Large, dose‐related increases in dominant lethal mutations were observed with increasing length of exposure. The magnitude of the increases stabilized after 8 weeks of treatment. However, the frequency of micronucleated peripheral blood erythrocytes was not elevated in mice treated for 13 weeks with NHMA in drinking water. Thus, NHMA appears to be unique in inducing genetic damage in germ cells but not somatic cells of male mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:111–120, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding MOOC Discussion Forums using Seeded LDA

Discussion forums serve as a platform for student discussions in massive open online courses (MOOCs). Analyzing content in these forums can uncover useful information for improving student retention and help in initiating instructor intervention. In this work, we explore the use of topic models, particularly seeded topic models toward this goal. We demonstrate that features derived from topic analysis help in predicting student survival.
Self-Configuration Protocols for Small-Scale P2P Networks

This paper proposes several protocols, including the random, egoist, altruist, greedy and optimizer protocols, for individual peers to self-configure the P2P overlay network. Our simulation studies show that the optimizer protocol for the P2P overlay network self-configuration tries to minimize the difference between the physical network distance and the logical network distance of two nodes by creating a virtual link along the network path having the shortest physical distance in the network, is superior to other protocols in terms of the network diameter and average node eccentricity
Monomeric ß-amyloid interacts with type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptors to provide energy supply to neurons

ß-amyloid (Aß1−42) is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane type-1 protein, amyloid precursor protein. Under pathological conditions, Aß1−42self-aggregates into oligomers, which cause synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss, and are considered the culprit of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, Aß1−42 is mainly monomeric at physiological concentrations, and the precise role of monomeric Aß1−42 in neuronal function is largely unknown. We report that the monomer of Aß1−42 activates type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptors and enhances glucose uptake in neurons and peripheral cells by promoting the translocation of the Glut3 glucose transporter from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. In neurons, activity-dependent glucose uptake was blunted after blocking endogenous Aß production, and re-established in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid Aß. APP-null neurons failed to enhance depolarization-stimulated glucose uptake unless exogenous monomeric Aß1−42 was added. These data suggest that Aß1−42 monomers were critical for maintaining neuronal glucose homeostasis. Accordingly, exogenous Aß1−42 monomers were able to rescue the low levels of glucose consumption observed in brain slices from AD mutant mice.
Autonomous transportation and deployment with aerial robots for search and rescue missions

It is generally accepted that systems composed of multiple aerial robots with autonomous cooperation capabilities can assist responders in many search and rescue (SAR) scenarios. In most of the previous research work, the aerial robots are mainly considered as platforms for environmental sensing and have not been used to assist victims. In this paper, outdoor field experiments of transportation and accurate deployment of loads with single/multiple autonomous aerial vehicles are presented. This is a novel feature that opens the possibility to use aerial robots to assist victims during rescue phase operations. Accuracy in the deployment location is a critical issue in SAR scenarios in which injured people may have very limited mobility. The presented system is composed of up to three small‐size helicopters and features cooperative sensing, using several different sensor types. The system supports several forms of cooperative actuation as well, ranging from the cooperative deployment of small sensors/objects to the coupled transportation of slung loads. The complete system is described, outlining the hardware and software framework used, as well as the approaches for modeling and control used. Additionally, the results of several flight field experiments are presented, including a description of the worldwide first successful autonomous load transportation experiment, using three coupled small‐size helicopters (conducted in December 2007). During these experiments strong, steady winds and wind gusts were present. Various solutions and lessons learned from the design and operation of the system are also provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on the Extraction Equilibria of Cu, Ni, Co and Mn with Versatic Acid 911

The distribution of Cu, Ni, Co and Mn between an aqueous solution of constant ionic strength and Versatic Acid 911 diluted with benzene was investigated. Only one extracted species of Cu was revealed to have a dimeric structure of the composition (CuR2・RH)2, while both monomer and dimer were found in the extraction of Ni, Co and Mn. The curve-fitting method was employed to determine these species, from which the composition of the extracted species was found to he
EXAMINING THE IMPACTS OF STATE ROUTE 101 ON WILDLIFE USING ROAD KILL SURVEYS AND REMOTE CAMERAS

Roads can negatively impact the survival of wildlife populations through additional mortality from road kill and population fragmentation caused by road avoidance behaviors. The 11.9 mile section of State Route 101 between the towns of San Luis Obispo and Atascadero, CA, USA, crosses a mountain lion movement corridor and an area important to maintaining ecological connectivity between protected lands in the Los Padres National Forest to the north and south. I examined the spatial patterns and landscape and roadway factors associated with road kill occurrence for six taxa; large mammals, mesocarnivores, squirrels, rabbits, birds and raptors. road kills were documented using vehicle-based surveys. Small mammals were the most common road kill (58.3%), followed by mesocarnivores (10.9%), birds (10.6%), rabbits (5.1%), large mammals (3.3%) and raptors (3.2%). Twenty-nine large mammal road kills were observed; eighteen mule deer, six black bears and five feral pigs. Road kill was highest in the middle of the survey area between the top of Cuesta Grade and the southern edge of Atascadero and lowest along the Cuesta Grade. I modeled road kill occurrence using logistic regression to identify landscape and roadway characteristics that were associated with road kill locations. Large mammal and mesocarnivore road kills were more likely to occur near riparian corridors. Mesocarnivore and squirrel road kills were associated with locations with greater roadside tree cover. Squirrel and rabbit road kills were more likely to occur along sections of the road with large grassy center medians. I documented animal activity patterns around the roadway during three survey periods (summer 2009, fall 2009 and spring 2010) using remote cameras placed on game trails and underpasses along the roadway. Mule deer displayed crepuscular activity patterns with peaks in activity in the morning between 05:00h and 07:00h and in the evening between 16:00h and 18:00h. Mesocarnivores generally displayed a nocturnal activity pattern with most activity occurring between 18:00h and 06:00h. I used logistic regression to determine if there was a relationship between animal activity patterns and traffic patterns while controlling for time of day, day of the week, and season. Mule deer and mesocarnivore activity patterns varied significantly by time of day and mule deer activity also varied significantly by season; however only mesocarnivore activity varied significantly in relation to traffic volume suggesting that mesocarnivores were less active when traffic volume was high. Using traffic volume and animal activity patterns I calculated a collision potential value for both …