Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Cryptanalysis of SecurID

SecurID is a widely used hardware token for strengthening authentication in a corporate environment. Recently, Biryukov, Lano, and Preneel presented an attack on the alleged SecurID hash function [1]. They showed that vanishing differentials – collisions of the hash function – occur quite frequently, and that such differentials allow an attacker to recover the secret key in the token much faster than exhaustive search. Based on simulation results, they estimated that given a single 2-bit vanishing differential, the running time of their attack would be about 2 full hash operations. In this paper, we first give a more detailed analysis of the attack in [1] and present several techniques to improve it significantly. Our theoretical analysis and implementation experiments show that the running time of our improved attack is about 2 hash operations, though special cases involving ≥ 4-bit differentials (which happen about one third of the time) reduce the time further. We then investigate into the use of extra information that an attacker would typically have: multiple vanishing differentials or knowledge that other vanishing differentials do not occur in a nearby time period. When using the extra information, it appears that key recovery can always be accomplished within about 2 hash operations.
Work and Life Integration: Organizational, Cultural, and Individual Perspectives

Research in the work-family or work-life field is interdisciplinary, burgeoning, and growing exponentially every day. Despite a common substantive focus on the relationships among people’s workplace responsibilities and family and personal lives, this literature diverges wildly by disciplinary style, theoretical assumptions, and quality, as well as by emphasis on basic research versus policy. A tempting response to this cacophony is for researchers in this area to shut out all but a few others who share one’s own disciplinary or theoretical proclivities. Editors Ellen Ernst Kossek and Susan J. Lambert have chosen a different response. In their 23-chapter, 500-plus pages volume, they have composed some polyphony.
PASS-JOIN: A Partition-based Method for Similarity Joins

As an essential operation in data cleaning, the similarity join has attracted considerable attention from the database community. In this paper, we study string similarity joins with edit-distance constraints, which find similar string pairs from two large sets of strings whose edit distance is within a given threshold. Existing algorithms are efficient either for short strings or for long strings, and there is no algorithm that can efficiently and adaptively support both short strings and long strings. To address this problem, we propose a partition-based method called Pass-Join. Pass-Join partitions a string into a set of segments and creates inverted indices for the segments. Then for each string, Pass-Join selects some of its substrings and uses the selected substrings to find candidate pairs using the inverted indices. We devise efficient techniques to select the substrings and prove that our method can minimize the number of selected substrings. We develop novel pruning techniques to efficiently verify the candidate pairs. Experimental results show that our algorithms are efficient for both short strings and long strings, and outperform state-of-the-art methods on real datasets.
Spiritual but Not Religious?: Beyond Binary Choices in the Study of Religion

Spirituality" has often been framed in social science research as an alternative to organized "religion," implicitly or explicitly extending theoretical arguments about the privatization of religion. This article uses in-depth qualitative data from a religiously-diverse U.S. sample to argue that this either-or distinction not only fails to capture the empirical reality of American religion, but it does not do justice to the complexity of spirituality itself. An inductive discursive analysis reveals four primary cultural "packages," that is, ways in which the meaning of spirituality is constructed in conversation -a Theistic Package that ties spirituality to personal deities, an Extra-Theistic Package that locates spirituality in various naturalistic forms of transcendence, an Ethical Spirituality that focuses on everyday compassion, and a contested Belief and Belonging Spirituality tied to cultural notions of religiosity. Spirituality is, then, neither a diffuse individualized phenomenon nor a single cultural alternative to "religion. " Analysis of the contested evaluations of Belief and Belonging Spirituality allows a window on the "moral boundary work" (Lamont 1992) being done by the cultural discourse of being "spiritual but not religious. " The empirical boundary between spirituality and religion is far more porous than the moral and political one.
Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy: New Observations on the Retinal Phenotype – Clinical and Molecular Report of an Italian Family

Purpose: To describe the genotype and phenotype in a 9-year-old boy with bilateral retinopathy. Methods: The patient, his healthy (by history) nonconsanguineous parents and his sister were examined by best-corrected visual acuity, matrix frequency doubling technology, monocular static field analysis, fundus autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, Ganzfeld electroretinography (ERG), pattern ERG, multifocal ERG, electro-oculography and genotyping of the BEST1 gene. Results: The patient presented with an Arden ratio of 1.25, an unremarkable ERG and fluorescent yellow deposits distributed throughout the fundus suggestive of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB). Genotyping revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in BEST1 (p.R200X). The parents and the sister, who were heterozygous mutation carriers, presented with normal ophthalmological function. Conclusions: ARB is a rare retinal disorder. We contribute a novel patient report indicative of ARB, assessed by clinical examination and confirmed by genotyping of BEST1, to the short list of ARB cases in the literature.
Microsatellite Instability of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers as a Predictor of Synchronous Gastric or Colorectal Neoplasms

Background/Aims Microsatellite instability (MSI) plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to clarify whether MSI is a useful marker for predicting synchronous gastric and colorectal neoplasms. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy before the resection of gastric or colorectal cancers were included. MSI was analyzed using two mononucleotide and three dinucleotide markers. Results In total, 434 gastric cancers (372 microsatellite stability [MSS], 21 low incidence of MSI [MSI-L], and 41 high incidence of MSI [MSI-H]) and 162 colorectal cancers (138 MSS, 9 MSI-L, and 15 MSI-H) were included. Patients with MSI gastric cancer had a higher prevalence of synchronous colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and gastric adenoma than those with MSS gastric cancers (4.8% vs 0.5%, p=0.023; 11.3% vs 3.2%, p=0.011; 3.2% vs 1.2%, p=0.00, respectively). The prevalence of synchronous colorectal adenomas was highest in MSI-L gastric cancers (19.0%), compared with MSI-H (7.3%) or MSS (3.2%) gastric cancers (p=0.002). In addition, there were no significant differences in the prevalence rates of synchronous colorectal adenoma among the MSI-H (13.3%), MSI-L (11.1%), and MSS (12.3%) colorectal cancers (p=0.987). Conclusions The presence of MSI in gastric cancer may be a predictor of synchronous gastric and colorectal neoplasms, whereas MSI in colorectal cancer is not a predictor of synchronous colorectal adenoma.
Why Does the Cloud Stop Computing?: Lessons from Hundreds of Service Outages

We conducted a cloud outage study (COS) of 32 popular Internet services. We analyzed 1247 headline news and public post-mortem reports that detail 597 unplanned outages that occurred within a 7-year span from 2009 to 2015. We analyzed outage duration, root causes, impacts, and fix procedures. This study reveals the broader availability landscape of modern cloud services and provides answers to why outages still take place even with pervasive redundancies.
Method for bias field correction of brain T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images minimizing segmentation error

This work presents a new algorithm (nonuniform intensity correction; NIC) for correction of intensity inhomogeneities in T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. The bias field and a bias‐free image are obtained through an iterative process that uses brain tissue segmentation. The algorithm was validated by means of realistic phantom images and a set of 24 real images. The first evaluation phase was based on a public domain phantom dataset, used previously to assess bias field correction algorithms. NIC performed similar to previously described methods in removing the bias field from phantom images, without introduction of degradation in the absence of intensity inhomogeneity. The real image dataset was used to compare the performance of this new algorithm to that of other widely used methods (N3, SPM'99, and SPM2). This dataset included both low and high bias field images from two different MR scanners of low (0.5 T) and medium (1.5 T) static fields. Using standard quality criteria for determining the goodness of the different methods, NIC achieved the best results, correcting the images of the real MR dataset, enabling its systematic use in images from both low and medium static field MR scanners. A limitation of our method is that it might fail if the bias field is so high that the initial histogram does not show bimodal distribution for white and gray matter. Hum. Brain Mapping 22:133–144, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active for a day Physical activity relapes and strategies for maintenance following participation in a mass event

Debate exists about the potential public health benefits of mass community events that encourage participation in physical activity. There have been few previous attempts to investigate their impact on the behaviour of participants, and the rates of relapse following the event. The aim of the research in this thesis was (i) to describe participants in three women-only mass participation events in Ireland (N = 82,955), (ii) to identify relapsers who regressed from sufficiently to insufficiently active in the months following the event, and (iii) to recruit these individuals to trials to re-initiate participation in physical activity. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) physical activity self report data were collected before and after the events and relapse (n=852) was defined as decreasing participation by at least 60 minutes and regressing from the high or moderate IPAQ category to low active. Subsequently, in 2007, 176 women participated in a minimal contact randomised controlled trial (RCT) while in 2008, 395 women were recruited to a cluster RCT, which promoted existing resources for physical activity in the community. The majority of women participated for altruistic reasons and to have fun. Thus, the events motivated more than the „habitual exerciser‟ to participate. Approximately 11% of participants were classified as relapsers and any contact appeared sufficient to re-stimulate physical activity. In both trials, all participants reported significant increases in physical activity, with no between group difference. In the cluster RCT, intervention participants reported a significant increase in vigorous intensity activity. Aspects of the latter have been adopted by agencies tasked with promoting physical activity in Ireland. Mass events could be used as an initial prompt for physical activity even among sedentary women. Providing reinforcement strategies after events that utilise existing opportunities for physical activity and that adopt a “non fitness” approach, could contribute to public health physical activity promotion efforts.
Lack of host specificity leads to independent assortment of dipterocarps and ectomycorrhizal fungi across a soil fertility gradient.

Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms, and there is often concordance in their community structures. Because most community-level studies are observational, it is unclear if such concordance arises because of host specificity, in which microorganisms or plants limit each other's occurrence. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that host specificity between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi determines patterns of tree and fungal soil specialisation. Seedlings of 13 dipterocarp species with contrasting soil specialisations were seeded into plots crossing soil type and canopy openness. Ectomycorrhizal colonists were identified by DNA sequencing. After 2.5 years, we found no evidence of host specificity. Rather, soil environment was the primary determinant of ectomycorrhizal diversity and composition on seedlings. Despite their close symbiosis, our results show that ectomycorrhizal fungi and tree communities in this Bornean rain forest assemble independently of host-specific interactions, raising questions about how mutualism shapes the realised niche.
AnalogRouter: a new approach of current-driven routing for analog circuits

Summary form only given. We present a new AnalogRouter, specifically developed to address the problems of current densities and electromigration in the routing of multi-terminal, non-planar signal nets in analog circuits. The contributions of our work are: a new current characterization method based on current vectors attached to each terminal; current-driven Steiner tree generation which effectively determines all branch currents prior to detailed routing; and a run-time and memory efficient detailed routing strategy which addresses all features of current-driven circuits, particularly varying wire widths.
Multilevel Cache Management Based on Application Hints

Multilevel caching is common in many storage configurations, introducing new challenges to cache management. Some of the existing cache replacement policies are designed to improve cache hit rates in the absence of temporal locality, while others avoid replication of data in multiple caches. Additional policies use application hints, an approach that has been shown to significantly improve cache utilization, but only in the highest level of the hierarchy. Our main contribution is a global, non-centralized, dynamic and informed management policy for multiple levels of cache. Karma is aimed at applications, such as databases, which can easily provide hints. These hints are leveraged for making informed allocation and replacement decisions in all cache levels, while preserving exclusive caching, and adjusting to changes in access patterns. This integrated solution is significantly better than other approaches in utilizing the aggregate cache resources. To show the value of Karma, we compare it to LRU, 2Q [17], ARC [22], MultiQ [33], LRU-SP [6] and Demote [32] on database and Zipf traces. For complete evaluation we additionally define extensions of each of these policies to work in a hierarchical cache. On all but very small caches, Karma shows significant improvements over other policies. For example, on a permutation of TPC-H queries, Karma improves over pure LRU by an average of 85%. It adds an average of 50% to the improvement of Demote over LRU and an average of 25% to that of LRU-SP.
Bradycardia and Slowing of the Atrioventricular Conduction in Mice Lacking CaV3.1/&agr;1G T-Type Calcium Channels

The generation of the mammalian heartbeat is a complex and vital function requiring multiple and coordinated ionic channel activities. The functional role of low-voltage activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels in the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node (SAN) is, to date, unresolved. Here we show that disruption of the gene coding for Cav3.1/&agr;1G T-type calcium channels (cacna1g) abolishes T-type calcium current (ICa,T) in isolated cells from the SAN and the atrioventricular node without affecting the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). By using telemetric electrocardiograms on unrestrained mice and intracardiac recordings, we find that cacna1g inactivation causes bradycardia and delays atrioventricular conduction without affecting the excitability of the right atrium. Consistently, no ICa,T was detected in right atrium myocytes in both wild-type and Cav3.1−/− mice. Furthermore, inactivation of cacna1g significantly slowed the intrinsic in vivo heart rate, prolonged the SAN recovery time, and slowed pacemaker activity of individual SAN cells through a reduction of the slope of the diastolic depolarization. Our results demonstrate that Cav3.1/T-type Ca2+ channels contribute to SAN pacemaker activity and atrioventricular conduction.
Subtype of depression as a moderator of response in the treatment of major depression with St John's wort

Title of Thesis: SUBTYPE OF DEPRESSION AS A MODERATOR OF RESPONSE IN THE TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSION WITH ST JOHN’S WORT Christine Marie Ulbricht, Master of Public Health in Epidemiology, 2011 Thesis directed By: Professor Sunmin Lee Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Objective: To evaluate the effect of the melancholic and anxious subtypes of depression on treatment response in the Hypericum Depression Trial. Methods: 340 adults with depression were classified according to depression subtype at baseline. Linear and logistic regression models examined the effects of depression subtype and treatment assignment on treatment response. Results: 64.41% of participants had melancholic depression and 71.76% had anxious depression. The linear regression model demonstrated that melancholic depression status at baseline and the interaction of treatment assignment and baseline melancholic status had significant effects on depression severity. The linear regression model showed significant effects only for treatment and anxious depression status at baseline on depression severity. Conclusion: While depression subtype appears to be related to certain clinical characteristics, this study was inconclusive and did not find melancholic or anxious depression subtypes to significantly moderate response to treatment with St John’s wort, placebo, or sertraline.
Isolation of specific and nonspecific components from purified protein derivative.

Purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was separated by Sephadex G-200 into 3 fractions. These fractions were tested for sensitin activity in guinea pigs sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (homologous animals) or to Mycobacterium kansasii (heterologous animals). Fraction I contained nonspecific material. The cross reactions averaging 10.6 mm were approximately equal to the homologous reactions of 9.6 mm. This fraction contained two serologically active components, both neutral in electrophoretic mobility. Fraction II was more specific; the mean homologous reaction was 12.1 mm and the cross reaction was 4.4 mm. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that fraction II contained two cathodic moving components. Fraction III was also more specific with a mean homologous reaction of 9.8 mm and a 1.8 mm cross reaction. Fraction III contained a single anodic moving component. Immunodiffusion showed that each fraction contained at least one unique element. These results suggest that purified pr.
A computer program for molecular weight determination of DNA fragments (HOWBIG)

The computer program HOWBIG has been developed based on the reciprocal correlation of size to migration distance of DNA in high voltage gradient gel systems (Southern, 1979). For calculation the program automatically chooses three marker bands migrating closest to the calculated band, reducing the error down to approximately 0.5% or less (reciprocal method, local form of calculation). The big advantages of the completely menu-driven program are high accuracy, error detectability, speed and ease of data handling. Management of marker-DNA molecular weights, data and analyses as files included in the menu driven program speeds up every-day lab work.
An efficient algorithm for the extraction of HGVS variant descriptions from sequences

MOTIVATION Unambiguous sequence variant descriptions are important in reporting the outcome of clinical diagnostic DNA tests. The standard nomenclature of the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) describes the observed variant sequence relative to a given reference sequence. We propose an efficient algorithm for the extraction of HGVS descriptions from two sequences with three main requirements in mind: minimizing the length of the resulting descriptions, minimizing the computation time and keeping the unambiguous descriptions biologically meaningful. RESULTS Our algorithm is able to compute the HGVS descriptions of complete chromosomes or other large DNA strings in a reasonable amount of computation time and its resulting descriptions are relatively small. Additional applications include updating of gene variant database contents and reference sequence liftovers. AVAILABILITY The algorithm is accessible as an experimental service in the Mutalyzer program suite (https://mutalyzer.nl). The C++ source code and Python interface are accessible at: https://github.com/mutalyzer/description-extractor. CONTACT j.k. vis@lumc.nl.
New observation and combined analysis of the Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states at the asymptotes 6S1/2 + 6P1/2 and 6S1/2 + 6P3/2.

We report on new observations of the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium molecules using a highly sensitive detection technique and a combined analysis with all observed electronic states. The technique is achieved by directly modulating the frequency of the trapping lasers of a magneto-optical trap. New observations of the Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states at the asymptotes 6S1/2 + 6P1/2 and 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 are reported. The spectral range is extended to the red detuning of 112 cm(-1) below the 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 dissociation limit. Dozens of vibrational levels of the ultracold Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states are observed for the first time. The available experimental binding energies of these states are analyzed simultaneously in a framework of the generalized LeRoy-Bernstein theory and the almost degenerate perturbation theory by Marinescu and Dalgarno [Phys. Rev. A: At. , Mol. , Opt. Phys. 52, 311 (1995)]. The unique atomic-related parameter c3 governing the dispersion forces of all the molecular states is estimated as (10.29 ± 0.05) a.u.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

Purpose of reviewTo review current knowledge and recent advances in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Recent findingsRice is the most common solid food causing FPIES. Rice FPIES is associated with more severe reactions than other foods. Infants presenting acutely may be hypothermic (<36°C) and have thrombocytosis. Finding of hypoalbuminemia and weight gain less than 10 g/day helps to differentiate chronic infantile cow's milk FPIES from infectious causes. Gastric juice leukocytes more than 10 cells per high-power field are found in infants with positive oral food challenge to cow's milk. SummaryFPIES is a non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity disorder. Food protein-activated intestinal lymphocytes elaborate inflammatory cytokines that result in increased intestinal permeability, malabsorption, dysmotility, emesis, diarrhea, pain, and failure to thrive. Decreased intestinal transforming growth factor beta and increased TNFα may be important in FPIES. Cow's milk and soy are the most common causes of FPIES, but cereal grains (rice, oat, and barley), fish, poultry, and vegetables may also cause FPIES. The majority of FPIES resolve by age of 3 years.
An Experiment in the Use of Drawing to Promote Cognitive Development in Disadvantaged Preschool Children in Israel and the United States. Final Report.

AUTHOR Mooney, Ross L. ; Smilansky, Sara TITLE An Experiment in the Use of Drawing to Promote Cognitive Development in Disadvantaged Preschool Children in Israel and the United States. Final Report. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Research Foundation. SPONS AGENCY National Center for Educational Research and Development (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. BUREAU NO BR-2-0137 PUB DATE 30 Sep 73 GRANT OEG-0-72-0884 NOTE 200p.