Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of a java chip-multiprocessor

Chip multiprocessing design is an emerging trend for embedded systems. In this paper, we introduce a Java multiprocessor system-on-chip called JopCMP. It is a symmetric shared-memory multiprocessor and consists of up to 8 Java Optimized Processor (JOP) cores, an arbitration control device, and a global shared memory. All components are interconnected with a system-on-chip bus. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of different hardware configurations of the multicore system. Therefore, we vary the instruction cache sizes, the number of processors and the memory bandwidth. Within our experiments, we measure the performance by running three benchmarks on real hardware: an embedded application from industry, a computationally intensive matrix multiplication and a synthetic benchmark that continuously accesses a shared data structure. Two different field-programmable gate arrays are used for the presented experiments. Our results illustrate the promises and limits of the proposed multiprocessor architecture concerning synchronization, memory bandwidth and caching. Furthermore, we compare the performance and size of JopCMP with a complex Java processor.
Classification of Ford Motor Data

In this work we apply mixed ensemble models in order to build a classifier for the Ford Classification Challenge. We build feature vectors from the data sequences in terms of first order statistics, spectral density and autocorrelation. Our model selection scheme is a mixture of cross-validation and bagging. The outcome is an ensemble model, that consits of several different models trained on random subsamples of the entire data set.
Case Report: Transient Left Bundle Branch Block Associated with Ect

We present the first reported case of transient left bundle branch block (LBBB) occurring during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). LBBB is an important clinical finding, as it is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Physicians providing ECT should be aware of the significance of new-onset LBBB; it may occur during treatment.
Development of a sensitive real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay with an internal control to detect and quantify chikungunya virus.

BACKGROUND The chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) has emerged in the south Western Indian Ocean since early 2005. A major outbreak of CHIKV infection occurred in Réunion Island, where the virus is transmitted by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Facing an outbreak of unprecedented magnitude, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and reliable assay for the detection and quantification of CHIKV in plasma samples. METHODS A dual-color TaqMan 1-step reverse transcriptase PCR assay was developed in a LightCycler 2.0 system. A coextracted and coamplified chimerical RNA sequence was used as an internal control (IC) to eliminate false-negative results. The CHIKV-specific and IC probes were labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (530 nm) and the wide span dye DYXL (705 nm), respectively, eliminating the need for color compensation. A synthetic RNA was used as an external calibrator for CHIKV absolute quantification. RESULTS The detection limit was 350 copies/mL (3 copies/capillary). A further improvement to approximately 40 copies/mL was obtained by use of a larger volume of plasma. The assay specificity was confirmed in vitro and in silico. CHIKV in 343 patients was present at viral loads >10(8) copies/mL, mainly in newborns and seniors >60 years old. Long viremic phases of up to 12 days were seen in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS The assay is rapid, CHIKV-specific, and highly sensitive, and it includes an IC. It proved useful to detect and quantify CHIKV during the Réunion Island epidemic. The assay might be applicable to other CHIKV epidemics, especially in the Indian subcontinent, where an extensive outbreak is ongoing.
Scalability of the Locator Identity Split Mapping Infrastructure to support end-host mobility

The current Internet architecture is facing serious scaling problems notably in its routing and addressing system. Also due to the overloaded semantic of the IP address, the current Internet architecture cannot inherently support mobility and multihoming. To solve these problems, different Locator Identity Spilt solutions have been proposed. However most of these solutions tend to focus only on part of the problem space, and usually place mobility aside. For all Locator Identity Split protocols to work a Mapping Infrastructure is required. We believe that this Mapping Infrastructure would not scale efficiently with a high number of mobile nodes and would contribute to a large amount of packet loss while mobile nodes are roaming. This paper proposes a tiered architecture which divides the Mapping Infrastructure into a core mapper and an internal mapper. This separation allows the Mapping Infrastructure to scale in a highly mobile scenario.
Can cognition be reduced to action? Processes that mediate stimuli and responses make human action possible

After treating action as peripheral for decades, cognitive scientists increasingly appreciate the fundamental roles it plays throughout cognition. This chapter proposes that the central roles of action in human cognition depend on important processes that mediate between stimuli and responses. The unique features of human cognition reflect not only a remarkable potential for action, but also powerful abilities that mediate action in response to the environment. Sophisticated action results from sophisticated mediation, e.g., from mediating processes associated with representation, conceptualization, internal state attribution, affect, and self-regulation. Integrated with action systems, these mediating processes endow humans with unusually flexible and powerful means of shaping their physical and social environments. Without taking these mediating processes into account, it is difficult to explain human action as well as basic cognitive phenomena associated with memory, concepts, categorization, symbolic operations, language, problem solving, decision making, motivation, emotion, reward, self, mentalizing, and social cognition. Instead of reducing cognition to action, an alternative is to develop a viable theory that does justice to the importance of action in cognition, while integrating mediating processes that complement it.
Damage of testicular cell macromolecules and reproductive capacity of male rats following co-administration of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide

Damage of testicular cell macromolecules and reproductive capacity of male rats following co-administration of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide The necessity to minimize adverse effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy requires a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of antituberculosis drugs on the reproductive system and testicular cell macromolecules. The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Central and Eastern Europe is getting worse. Data on adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs are scare concerning particularly their effects on the reproductive system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of ethambutol, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide co-administration on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and protein SH-groups, DNA fragmentation levels, the reproductive capacity of Wistar male rats and the antenatal development of their posterity. The rats (150-170 g) were divided into two groups: group I - received antituberculosis drugs suspended in 1% starch gel per os: ethambutol - 155 mg/kg b.w. /day, rifampicin - 74.4 mg/kg b.w. /day, isoniazid - 62 mg/kg b.w. /day, pyrazinamide - 217 mg/kg b.w. /day, group II (control) - received only starch gel in corresponding volumes. The contents of TBA-active compounds, glutathione and protein SH-groups in testis and sperm were determined spectrophotometrically, the DNA-fragmentation was determined using an UV transilluminator (BIORAD, USA), reproductive system indices were measured by standard methods. The co-administration of therapeutic doses of ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide to male rats during the period of spermatogenesis caused an increase in the rate of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in testis and sperm, decrease of testis glutathione and protein SH-group contents, significant changes in DNA fragmentation, fatal decrease of male fertilizing capacity and fertility, and increase of pre- and post-implantation embryo lethality. The changes in reproductive indices could be the result of direct or indirect effects of one or more drugs investigated.
Information Integration from Distributed Threshold-Based Interactions

We consider a collection of distributed units that interact with one another through the sending of messages. Each message carries a positive ($+1$) or negative ($-1$) tag and causes the receiving unit to send out messages as a function of the tags it has received and a threshold. This simple model abstracts some of the essential characteristics of several systems used in the field of artificial intelligence, and also of biological systems epitomized by the brain. We study the integration of information inside a temporal window as the model's dynamics unfolds. We quantify information integration by the total correlation, relative to the window's duration ($w$), of a set of random variables valued as a function of message arrival. Total correlation refers to the rise of information gain above and beyond that which the units already achieve individually, being therefore related to consciousness studies in some models. We report on extensive computational experiments that explore the interrelations of the model's parameters (two probabilities and the threshold), highlighting relevant scenarios of message traffic and how they impact the behavior of total correlation as a function of $w$. We find that total correlation can occur at significant fractions of the maximum possible value and provide semi-analytical results on the message-traffic characteristics associated with values of $w$ for which it peaks. We then reinterpret the model's parameters in terms of the current best estimates of some quantities pertaining to cortical structure and dynamics. We find the resulting possibilities for best values of $w$ to be well aligned with the time frames within which percepts are thought to be processed and eventually rendered conscious.
Handling Owl: sameAs via Rewriting

Rewriting is widely used to optimise owl:sameAs reasoning in materialisation based OWL 2 RL systems. We investigate issues related to both the correctness and efficiency of rewriting, and present an algorithm that guarantees correctness, improves efficiency, and can be effectively parallelised. Our evaluation shows that our approach can reduce reasoning times on practical data sets by orders of magnitude.
Postsynaptic Scaffolds of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses in Hippocampal Neurons: Maintenance of Core Components Independent of Actin Filaments and Microtubules

The mechanisms responsible for anchoring molecular components of postsynaptic specializations in the mammalian brain are not well understood but are presumed to involve associations with cytoskeletal elements. Here we build on previous studies of neurotransmitter receptors (Allison et al., 1998) to analyze the modes of attachment of scaffolding and signal transducing proteins of both glutamate and GABA postsynaptic sites to either the microtubule or microfilament cytoskeleton. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture were treated with latrunculin A to depolymerize actin, with vincristine to depolymerize microtubules, or with Triton X-100 to extract soluble proteins. The synaptic clustering of PSD-95, a putative NMDA receptor anchoring protein and a core component of the postsynaptic density (PSD), was unaffected by actin depolymerization, microtubule depolymerization, or detergent extraction. The same was largely true for GKAP, a PSD-95-interacting protein. In contrast, the synaptic clustering of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)α, another core component of the PSD, was completely dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton and was partially disrupted by detergent. Drebrin and α-actinin-2, actin-binding proteins concentrated in spines, were also dependent on F-actin for synaptic localization but were unaffected by detergent extraction. Surprisingly, the subcellular distributions of the inhibitory synaptic proteins GABAAR and gephyrin, which has a tubulin-binding motif, were unaffected by depolymerization of microtubules or actin or by detergent extraction. These studies reveal an unsuspected heterogeneity in the modes of attachment of postsynaptic proteins to the cytoskeleton and support the idea that PSD-95 and gephyrin may be core scaffolding components independent of the actin or tubulin cytoskeleton.
Evaluation of wide area sound control system using Power Envelope Inverse Filtering

In the present paper, we propose a sound field control system that controls a wide area in the room by reducing the influence of the reproduction field using Power Envelope Inverse Filtering (PEIF). The envelopes of the room impulse response have approximately the same shape. Therefore, there is a possibility that the proposed sound field control system can control a wider area with a small number of control points by reducing reverberation in the room based on envelope processing. We demonstrate experimentally that the proposed system can control a wide area in the room using PEIF. The results indicate that the proposed system can control a wide area of the room, as compared with Minimum Phase Inverse Filtering (MPIF), which is a typical technique for reducing reverberation. Moreover, the proposed system was demonstrated to be effective in the high-frequency range.
Comparison of British and French expatriate doctors’ characteristics and motivations

Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the migration of doctors between the UK and France, in an attempt to identify the reasons for these migrations. Design This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a self-completed questionnaire. Setting The questionnaire was sent to all British doctors practising in France and to all French doctors practising in the UK. Participants The doctors were identified, thanks to official data of the National Medical Councils. There were 244 French doctors practising in the UK and 86 British doctors practising in France. Outcome measures A questionnaire was specifically developed for the study to determine the reasons why doctors moved to the other country and their level of satisfaction with regard to their expatriation. Results A total of 98 French doctors (of 244) and 40 British doctors (of 86) returned the questionnaire. The motivations of the two studied populations were different: French doctors were attracted by the conditions offered by the National Health Service, whereas British doctors were more interested in opportunities for career advancement, moved to join a husband or wife or to benefit from favourable environmental conditions. Overall, the doctors who responded considered the expatriation a satisfactory experience. After expatriation, 84% of French doctors were satisfied with their new professional situation compared with only 58% of British doctors. Conclusions This study, which is the first of its kind and based on representative samples, has led to a clearer understanding of the migration of doctors between France and the UK.
The heterogeneous block architecture

This paper makes two observations that lead to a new heterogeneous core design. First, we observe that most serial code exhibits fine-grained heterogeneity: at the scale of tens or hundreds of instructions, regions of code fit different microarchitectures better (at the same point or at different points in time). Second, we observe that by grouping contiguous regions of instructions into blocks that are executed atomically, a core can exploit this fine-grained heterogeneity: atomicity allows each block to be executed independently on its own execution backend that fits its characteristics best. Based on these observations, we propose a fine-grained heterogeneous core design, called the heterogeneous block architecture (HBA), that combines heterogeneous execution backends into one core. HBA breaks the program into blocks of code, determines the best backend for each block, and specializes the block for that backend. As an example HBA design, we combine out-of-order, VLIW, and in-order backends, using simple heuristics to choose backends for different dynamic instruction blocks. Our extensive evaluations compare this example HBA design to multiple baseline core designs (including monolithic out-of-order, clustered out-of-order, in-order and a state-of-the-art heterogeneous core design) and show that it provides significantly better energy efficiency than all designs at similar performance.
Wide Baseline Stereo Matching Algorithm Based on Advanced Extremal Regions

Stereo matching with regions is a master method for binocular image matching of wide baseline. It is most difficult that extracting invariant region. Stable extremal region(SER) is proposed in this paper, and its extracting algorithm. To magnify the intensity change and identify its edge easily, the exponent transform has been used. Then, the affine invariant moments of SER and the Euclid-distance between the region and another are computed using in measuring similarity. Finally, the advanced algorithm is analyzed from the repetition rate and the correct match rate with the changing of the viewpoint, scale and illumination. The experiment and analysis result show the extremal points locate accurately, the SER are stable, and correspondence regions are exact, it is improved to 70.9%.
Look No Further: Adapting the Localization Sensory Window to the Temporal Characteristics of the Environment

Many localization algorithms use a spatiotemporal window of sensory information in order to recognize spatial locations, and the length of this window is often a sensitive parameter that must be tuned to the specifics of the application. This letter presents a general method for environment-driven variation of the length of the spatiotemporal window based on searching for the most significant localization hypothesis, to use as much context as is appropriate but not more. We evaluate this approach on benchmark datasets using visual and Wi-Fi sensor modalities and a variety of sensory comparison front-ends under in-order and out-of-order traversals of the environment. Our results show that the system greatly reduces the maximum distance traveled without localization compared to a fixed-length approach while achieving competitive localization accuracy, and our proposed method achieves this performance without deployment-time tuning.
Chapter 14. From Text To Edition: Processes Of Scholarly Thinking In German-Jewish Literature In The Early Nineteenth Century

In 1995, the Center for Advanced Studies at the Hebrew University conducted an interdisciplinary seminar on the subject of Orthodox Judaism. The seminar illuminated the different manifestations of the phenomenon and provided an instructive demonstration of the compelling nature of a discussion conducted among philosophers, historians, and sociologists. Regarding cognition, Orthodox identity is not premised upon a level of theological comprehension or the internalization of principles of faith. It is rather embodied in a sense of obligation, fidelity, existential identification, mental disposition, and unconditional loyalty to this community, this Posek, this Torah, and this Absolute. Putting a further gloss on this idea, this chapter proposes using the term orthonomy together with, or in place of the accepted terms orthodox or orthoprax. This new notion would express the principled aspect of compliance with the Halakhah and the believer’s consciousness of being a commanded being. Keywords: Halakhah; historians; Orthodox identity; Orthodox Judaism; philosophers; sociologists
Efficient Training of Artificial Neural Networks for Autonomous Navigation

The ALVINN (Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network) project addresses the problem of training artificial neural networks in real time to perform difficult perception tasks. ALVINN is a backpropagation network designed to drive the CMU Navlab, a modified Chevy van. This paper describes the training techniques that allow ALVINN to learn in under 5 minutes to autonomously control the Navlab by watching the reactions of a human driver. Using these techniques, ALVINN has been trained to drive in a variety of circumstances including single-lane paved and unpaved roads, and multilane lined and unlined roads, at speeds of up to 20 miles per hour.
Conditional Density Estimation via Least-Squares Density Ratio Estimation

Estimating the conditional mean of an inputoutput relation is the goal of regression. However, regression analysis is not sufficiently informative if the conditional distribution has multi-modality, is highly asymmetric, or contains heteroscedastic noise. In such scenarios, estimating the conditional distribution itself would be more useful. In this paper, we propose a novel method of conditional density estimation. Our basic idea is to express the conditional density in terms of the ratio of unconditional densities, and the ratio is directly estimated without going through density estimation. Experiments using benchmark and robot transition datasets illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Patient-specific fibre-based models of muscle wrapping

In many biomechanical problems, the availability of a suitable model for the wrapping of muscles when undergoing movement is essential for the estimation of forces produced on and by the body during motion. This is an important factor in the Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human project which is investigating the likelihood of fracture for osteoporotic patients undertaking a variety of movements. The weakening of their skeletons makes them particularly vulnerable to bone fracture caused by excessive loading being placed on the bones, even in simple everyday tasks. This paper provides an overview of a novel volumetric model that describes muscle wrapping around bones and other muscles during movement, and which includes a consideration of how the orientations of the muscle fibres change during the motion. The method can calculate the form of wrapping of a muscle of medium size and visualize the outcome within tenths of seconds on commodity hardware, while conserving muscle volume. This makes the method suitable not only for educational biomedical software, but also for clinical applications used to identify weak muscles that should be strengthened during rehabilitation or to identify bone stresses in order to estimate the risk of fractures.
Diagnosis of melanomas by check-list method

An image based system implementing diagnostic method is discussed for the automatic detection of melanomas as support to clinicians. Early detection of melanoma is one of the greatest challenges of dermatologic practice today. A new diagnostic method, the “ELM 7 point checklist”, defines a set of seven features, based on color and texture parameters, which describe the malignancy of a lesion. As Dermoscopy is an in vivo method for the early diagnosis of malignant melanoma and the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the skin, it has been shown to increase diagnostic accuracy over clinical visual inspection in the hands of experienced physicians.