Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the relative distances between triangle centres lying on the central lines of an arbitrary plane triangle

The paper studies triangle centres and central lines of a suitable reference triangle. It derives formulas for the ratios of the distances between triangle centres along various central lines, including lines on which the Apollonius point, the centre of the Apollonius circle and the midpoint of the join of the two Brocard points lie. It identifies Eulerian lines, some already known, and some new here, these being lines involving the ratios 3 : 1 : 2 like those for HN : NG : GC′ on the Euler line itself, where H,N,G,C′ denote the orthocentre, the centre of the nine-point circle, the centroid and the circumcentre. Accurate diagrams are presented to allow a unified view to be taken of the triangle centres and of central lines considered in the paper. They motivate consideration of sets of Eulerian lines, all of which pass through the centroid G, and thereby gives rise to a number of theorems of a vectorial type in the geometry of the family of triangle centres.
Structural versus functional modulation of the arterial baroreflex.

Structural changes in large arteries are often considered the predominant mechanism responsible for decreased baroreflex sensitivity and baroreceptor resetting in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aging. Recent work has demonstrated that "functional" mechanisms, both at the level of the peripheral sensory endings and within the central nervous system, contribute significantly to altered baroreflex responses. We have conducted both reductive studies of mechanoelectrical transduction in cultured baroreceptor neurons and integrative studies with in vivo recordings of the activity of baroreceptor afferent fibers and efferent sympathetic nerves. Results suggest that the primary mechanism of mechanical activation of baroreceptor neurons involves opening of stretch-activated ion channels susceptible to blockade by gadolinium. Baroreceptor nerve activity is modulated by the activity of potassium channels and the sodium-potassium pump and by paracrine factors, including prostacyclin, oxygen free radicals, and factors released from aggregating platelets. Endothelial dysfunction and altered release of these paracrine factors contribute significantly to the decreased baroreceptor sensitivity in hypertension and atherosclerosis. The central mediation of the baroreflex depends on the pulse phasic pattern of afferent baroreceptor discharge. Baroreflex-mediated inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity is well maintained during pulse phasic afferent activity. Continuous, nonphasic baroreceptor discharge or a rapid (> 1.5 Hz) pulse phasic discharge results in disinhibition of sympathetic activity. This disinhibition during continuous baroreceptor input is exaggerated with aging. Thus, a defect in central mediation of the baroreflex may be a major cause of the impaired baroreflex and sympathoexcitation in the elderly. In summary, functional neural mechanisms, in addition to structural vascular changes, contribute importantly to altered baroreflex responses in normal and pathophysiological states. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Protein interacting with C kinase and neurological disorders

Best known for its interaction with the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA2 and for its influence on excitatory synapse activity, the protein interacting with C kinase, PICK1, is the focus of considerable attention from neurobiologists. Indeed, this PSD‐95/DlgA/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domain‐containing protein has been shown to interact with a wide variety of neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and enzymes, including glutamate and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, dopamine and glutamate transporters, and the enzyme serine racemase. Through its lipid binding domain, PICK1 is targeted to the inner surface of the cell membrane where it contributes to anchoring these partners and thereby influences their synaptic localization and function. Under pathological conditions, the regulation of some PICK1‐interacting partners is altered, pointing to an involvement of PICK1 in neurological disorders. Also, genetic or pharmacological manipulations of PICK1 expression, localization, or function have been shown to influence several physiological or pathological processes in which putative PICK1 partners are involved. This review will summarize recent experimental observations that highlight the involvement of PICK1 in neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, chronic pain, drug abuse, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Synapse 67:532–540, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of the Incredible Years Basic parent training programme as an early intervention for children with conduct problems and ADHD.

BACKGROUND The efficacy of the Incredible Years (IY) Basic parent training (PT) programme for a community-based sample of families with pre-school children at risk of developing both conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined. METHODS Pre-school children displaying signs of both early-onset conduct problems and ADHD were randomly allocated to either IY PT intervention, or to a waiting list (WL) control group. Child symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Post intervention, the intervention group was associated with significantly lower levels of parent-reported inattention and hyperactive/impulsive difficulties, even after controlling for post-intervention changes in child deviance. In addition, 52% of those in the intervention condition, compared with 21% in the control condition, displayed clinically reliable improvements post intervention, giving an absolute risk reduction of 31% and a number needed to treat of 3.23. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study indicate that the IY PT programme is a valuable intervention for many pre-school children displaying early signs of ADHD.
Role of Type I Secretion in Pierce ’ s Disease Project Leader : Cooperator :

In previous work, we discovered that: 1) tolC was absolutely required not only for pathogenicity, but also for survival of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) strain Temecula in Vitis vinifera grapevines; 2) that the loss of multi-drug resistance (MDR) efflux through the Type I secretion system was the primary reason that tolC Temecula could not survive in grapevines, and 3) that gene knockouts of Type I system components associated with offensive Type I effector secretion, including knockouts of associated with colicin V secretion and all three colicin effectors also resulted in significant loss of pathogenicity. This raised the possibilities that 1) colonization and pathogenicity of grapevines by Xf involves the exclusion of other bacteria from the xylem niche by way of these effectors, and/or 2) that these Type I effectors might directly affect plant cells. To test these ideas, PCR primers were designed to amplify all 8 hemolysins and all 3 colicins from Xf Temecula and used to amplify full length genes of all 11 effectors from Temecula. Surprisingly, these same primers were used to amplify 9 equivalent homologs from EB92.1 and the predicted amino acid sequences of all 9 EB92.1 homologs were identical to the corresponding Temecula homologs. This result was confirmed by the results of the draft EB92.1 genomic DNA sequence obtained through funding of a separate project, and extended to include the remaining 2 effectors, which were 100% identical to Temecula. Furthermore, no additional hemolysins or colicins have been found to date in the draft EB92.1 genome that were not found in Temecula, and that genome is 98% complete. These results strongly indicate that although these Type I effectors are important for plant colonization and subsequent development of PD, they are not directly responsible for the overt disease symptoms caused by Temecula (and not caused by biocontrol strain EB92.1, which has all 11 identical effectors). In addition, one hemolysin, one calcium binding hemolysin , all three colicins and uidA (GUS, as a control gene) were separately cloned into plant transient expression vectors and inoculated into tobacco and Vitis vinifera grape plants. GUS expression confirmed that the expression system worked, but no obvious plant responses were observed due to expression of the individual hemolysins or colicins inside the plant cell, further casting doubt on a direct role for these effectors in symptom elicitation.
Mechanisms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Concerted Integration Related to Strand Transfer Inhibition and Drug Resistance

ABSTRACT The “strand transfer inhibitors” of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN), so named because of their pronounced selectivity for inhibiting strand transfer over 3′ OH processing, block virus replication in vivo and ex vivo and prevent concerted integration in vitro. We explored the kinetics of product formation and strand transfer inhibition within reconstituted synaptic complexes capable of concerted integration. Synaptic complexes were formed with viral DNA donors containing either two blunt ends, two 3′-OH-processed ends, or one of each. We determined that one blunt end within a synaptic complex is a sufficient condition for low-nanomolar-range strand transfer inhibition with naphthyridine carboxamide inhibitors L-870,810 and L-870,812. We further explored the catalytic properties and drug resistance profiles of a set of clinically relevant strand transfer inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 IN mutants. The diketo acids and naphthyridine carboxamides, mechanistically similar but structurally distinct strand transfer inhibitors, each select for a distinct set of drug resistance mutations ex vivo. The S153Y and N155S IN resistance mutants were selected with the diketo acid L-841,411, and the N155H mutant was selected with L-810,812. Each mutant exhibited some degree of catalytic impairment relative to the activity of wild type IN, although the N155H mutant displayed near-wild-type IN activities. The resistance profiles indicated that the S153Y mutation potentiates susceptibility to L-870,810 and L-870,812, while the N155S mutation confers resistance to L-870,810 and L-870,812. The N155H mutation confers resistance to L-870,810 and potentiates susceptibility to L-841,411. This study illuminates the interrelated mechanisms of concerted integration, strand transfer inhibition, and resistance to strand transfer inhibitors.
2.7 A wideband 28GHz power amplifier supporting 8×100MHz carrier aggregation for 5G in 40nm CMOS

To meet rising demand, broadband-cellular-data providers are racing to deploy fifth generation (5G) mm-wave technology, e.g., rollout of some 28GHz-band services is intended in 2017 in the USA with ∼5/1Gb/s downlink/uplink targets. Even with 64-QAM signaling, this translates to an RF bandwidth (RFBW) as large as ∼800MHz. With ∼100m cells and a dense network of 5G access points (APs), potential manufacturing volumes make low-cost CMOS technology attractive for both user equipment (UE) and AP devices. However, the poor Pout and linearity of CMOS power amplifiers (PAs) are a bottleneck, as ∼10dB back-off is typical for meeting error-vector-magnitude (EVM) specifications. This limits communication range and PA power added efficiency (PAE), with wider RFBWs accentuating these issues further. On the other hand, sufficient element counts in the envisaged 5G phased-array modules can overcome path loss despite low Pout per PA, e.g., by combining RFICs in an AP. CMOS PAs with wideband linearity/PAE can therefore enable economical UE/AP devices to deliver 5G data-rates.
Consistent Effects of TSG101 Genetic Variability on Multiple Outcomes of Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected cells. Variation in the coding or noncoding regions of the gene could potentially affect the degree of TSG101-mediated release of viral particles. While the coding regions of the gene were found to lack nonsynonymous variants, two polymorphic sites in the TSG101 5′ area were identified that were associated with the rate of AIDS progression among Caucasians. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at positions −183 and +181 relative to the translation start, specify three haplotypes termed A, B, and C, which occur at frequencies of 67%, 21%, and 12%, respectively. Haplotype C is associated with relatively rapid AIDS progression, while haplotype B is associated with slower disease progression. Both effects were dominant over the intermediate haplotype A. The haplotypes also demonstrated parallel effects on the rate of CD4 T-cell depletion and viral load increase over time, as well as a possible influence on HIV-1 infection. The data raise the hypothesis that noncoding variation in TSG101 affects the efficiency of TSG101-mediated release of viral particles from infected cells, thereby altering levels of plasma viral load and subsequent disease progression.
Rights in Mind: Thinking Differently About Dementia and Disability

The aim of this paper is to argue for the utility of a relational model of disability, as a way of conceptualizing dementia. We explore whether dementia should be considered as a disability, and whether people with dementia might consider themselves as disabled people. We review examples of, and issues raised by, the political activism of people with dementia. We consider how language constructs dementia negatively. We discuss how the environment influences the experience of dementia. In conclusion, we show that a relational model of dementia lays the basis for a human rights approach to the condition, based on collaborative partnerships between people with dementia and people from other disability communities.
Effect of a blended learning environment on student critical thinking and knowledge transformation

With the development of information technology and popularization of web applications, students nowadays have grown used to skimming through information provided through the Internet. This reading habit led them to be incapable of analyzing or integrating information they have received. Hence, knowledge management and critical thinking (CT) have, in recent years, become important topics in higher education. However, there are many web applications that may serve as effective teaching and learning tools. This study therefore proposed a blended learning environment that incorporated useful web applications within a knowledge transformation model to create an educational environment capable of improving CT and knowledge transformation for student users. A semester-long experiment was then conducted to evaluate this learning environment. Results revealed that the proposed approach was effective in improving student CT and knowledge transformation. Students were also satisfied with the courses and teaching methods used by the proposed learning environment which also effectively improved their learning motivation.
An Advanced Robust AVR-PSS Based H2 and H∞ Frequency Approachs Simulated Under a Realized GUI

This article present a comparative study between two advanced robust frequency control strategies and their implementation using our realised Graphical User Interface ‘GUI’ under MATLAB software: the first method based on loop-shaping H∞ optimization technique and the second on robust H2 control method (LQG controller associated with KALMAN filter), and applied on automatic excitation control of synchronous generators, to improve transient stability and robustness of a single machine- infinite bus (SMIB) system operating in different several conditions. The computer simulation results (static and dynamic stability), with test of robustness against machine parameters uncertainty (electric and mechanic), have proved that good dynamic performances, showing a stable system responses almost insensitive to large parameters variations, and more robustness using robust H∞ controller in comparison with H2 approach by exploiting our developed GUI interface in this work.
Achieving Best Practice: A Review of Evidence Linked to Occupation-Focused Practice Models

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to identify and synthesize evidence concerning the most widely used contemporary occupation-focused models including Ecology of human performance; Model of human occupation; Occupational adaptation; and Person–environment–occupational performance. The paper characterizes the amount and type of evidence. Evidence found includes illustrations of how the models can be applied to understand and address a particular problem or population, basic studies that test or expand theoretical concepts, psychometric studies, studies that document therapy outcomes, and studies that examine clinical reasoning and/or practice based on the models. The four models differed widely in the amount and type of evidence available.
Six and 12 Weeks of Caloric Restriction Increases β Cell Function and Lowers Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in People with Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Caloric restriction alone has been shown to improve insulin action and fasting glucose metabolism; however, the mechanism by which this occurs remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify the effect of caloric restriction on β cell function and glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Nine subjects (2 men, 7 women) with type 2 diabetes [BMI (in kg/m(2)): 40.6 ± 1.4; age: 58 ± 3 y; glycated hemoglobin: 6.9% ± 0.2%] were studied using a triple-tracer mixed meal after withdrawal of oral diabetes therapy. The oral minimal model was used to measure β cell function. Caloric restriction limited subjects to a pureed diet (<900 kcal/d) for the 12 wk of study. The studies were repeated after 6 and 12 wk of caloric restriction. RESULTS Fasting glucose concentrations decreased significantly from baseline after 6 wk of caloric restriction with no further reduction after a further 6 wk of caloric restriction (9.8 ± 1.3, 5.9 ± 0.2, and 6.2 ± 0.3 mmol/L at baseline and after 6 and 12 wk of caloric restriction, respectively; P = 0.01) because of decreased fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP: 20.4 ± 1.1, 16.2 ± 0.8, and 17.4 ± 1.1 μmol · kg(-1) · min(-1) at baseline and after 6 and 12 wk of caloric restriction, respectively; P = 0.03). These changes were accompanied by an improvement in β cell function measured by the disposition index (189 ± 51, 436 ± 68, and 449 ± 67 10(-14) dL · kg(-1) · min(-2) · pmol(-1) at baseline and after 6 and 12 wk of caloric restriction, respectively; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of caloric restriction lowers fasting glucose and EGP with accompanying improvements in β cell function in people with type 2 diabetes. An additional 6 wk of caloric restriction maintained the improvement in glucose metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01094054.
Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2)

The 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, in its initial (SF-12) and revised form (SF-12v2) is a widely used measure to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study evaluates the factor structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the SF-12v2. Participants were 627 subjects (74.1% women), aged from 18 to 88 years (M = 38.6; SD = 13.16), from 17 Brazilian states. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested two pairs of error terms to be highly correlated (3a-3b; and 4a-4b). A qualitative inspection showed an overlap of content among these items. The respecified model presented adequate fit indices. Convergent validity was also tested with measures of health-related self-care, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, depression and self-efficacy. Expected correlations were found between the SF-12v2 and these measures. Results showed initial evidence in favor of using the SF-12v2 as a measure of physical and mental health in the Brazilian context.
Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity

Background. The paper describes prevalence, impairments, patterns of co-morbidity and other correlates of DSM-IV social phobia in adolescents and young adults, separating generalized and non-generalized social phobics. Methods. Data are derived from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a prospective longitudinal community study of 3021 subjects, aged 14–24. Diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV algorithms of an expanded version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI social phobia was 9·5% in females and 4·9% in males, with about one-third being classified as generalized social phobics. Twelve-month prevalence was only slightly lower, indicating considerable persistence. Respondents with generalized social phobia reported an earlier age of onset, higher symptom persistence, more co-morbidity, more severe impairments, higher treatment rates and indicated more frequently a parental history of mental disorders than respondents with non-generalized social phobia. Conclusions. History of DSM-IV social phobia was found to be quite prevalent in 14–24 year-olds. The generalized subtype of social phobia was found to have different correlates and to be considerably more persistent, impairing and co-morbid than non-generalized social phobia. Although generalized social phobics are more likely than non-generalized social phobics to receive mental health treatments, the treatment rate in this sample was low despite the fact that mental health services are free in Germany.
On sequential and parallel non-monotone derivative-free algorithms for box constrained optimization

This paper proposes a space decomposition scheme for non-monotone (NM) derivative-free parallel and sequential algorithms for solving the box-constrained optimization problem (BCOP). Convergence to Karush Kuhn Tucker points is proved under the same conditions for NM and monotone algorithms for solving unconstrained and BCOPs. The parallel algorithm has two unique features: all processors exchange information on discrete quasi-minimal points, and are able to sample function values on the whole set of directions that conform to non-negative spanning sets for each decomposed subspace. The parallel algorithm has a high degree of fault tolerance: convergence prevails even if only one processor remains running. Preliminary results are encouraging for solving small- and medium-sized problems.
Identification of hundreds of novel UPF1 target transcripts by direct determination of whole transcriptome stability

UPF1 eliminates aberrant mRNAs harboring premature termination codons, and regulates the steady-state levels of normal physiological mRNAs. Although genome-wide studies of UPF1 targets performed, previous studies did not distinguish indirect UPF1 targets because they could not determine UPF1-dependent altered RNA stabilities. Here, we measured the decay rates of the whole transcriptome in UPF1-depleted HeLa cells using BRIC-seq, an inhibitor-free method for directly measuring RNA stability. We determined the half-lives and expression levels of 9,229 transcripts. An amount of 785 transcripts were stabilized in UPF1-depleted cells. Among these, the expression levels of 76 transcripts were increased, but those of the other 709 transcripts were not altered. RNA immunoprecipitation showed UPF1 bound to the stabilized transcripts, suggesting that UPF1 directly degrades the 709 transcripts. Many UPF1 targets in this study were newly identified. This study clearly demonstrates that direct determination of RNA stability is a powerful approach for identifying targets of RNA degradation factors.