Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a measure of tanning abuse and dependence.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Structured Interview for Tanning Abuse and Dependence (SITAD). DESIGN Longitudinal survey. SETTING College campus. PARTICIPANTS A total of 296 adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The SITAD modified items from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders that focus on opiate abuse and dependence. Indoor tanning (IT) behavioral patterns and opiate-like reactions to tanning were measured, and IT behavior was measured 6 months later. RESULTS Of 296 participants, 32 (10.8%) met the SITAD criteria for tanning abuse (maladaptive pattern of tanning as manifested by failure to fulfill role obligations, physically hazardous tanning, legal problems, or persistent social or interpersonal problems) and 16 (5.4%) for tanning dependence as defined by 3 or more of the following: loss of control, cut down, time, social problems, physical or psychological problems, tolerance, and withdrawal. The IT frequency in dependent tanners was more than 10 times the rate in participants who do not meet the SITAD criteria for tanning abuse or dependence. Tanning-dependent participants were more likely to report being regular tanners (75%; odds ratio, 7.0). Dependent tanners scored higher on the opiate-like reactions to tanning scale than did abuse tanners, who scored higher than those with no diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The SITAD demonstrated some evidence of validity, with tanning-dependent participants reporting regular IT, higher IT frequency, and higher scores on an opiate-like reactions to tanning scale. A valid tanning dependence screening tool is essential for researchers and physicians as a tanning-dependent diagnosis may facilitate a better understanding of tanning motivations and aid in the development of efficacious intervention programs.
Out of the armchair and into the streets: Measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: Reply to Grossman (2011).

We address 3 critiques raised by Grossman (2011) of self-report measures of mindfulness and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—Adolescent (MAAS–A) in particular. Grossman questioned whether self-report measures actually assess mindfulness, whether the construct of mindfulness can be understood apart from mindfulness training, and whether there is empirical evidence to support the validity of mindfulness measures. In response we discuss established theory that attention (and secondarily meta-awareness) is core to the meaning of mindfulness and is the central feature of the MAAS and MAAS–A. We then argue that mindfulness is an inherent capacity that varies between and within persons and is not, as Grossman claimed, a concept applicable to only a trained few. Further, as assessed by the MAAS and MAAS–A, mindfulness is associated with the same variety of outcomes as mindfulness training is theorized to yield. Finally, we provide considerable evidence that the MAAS and MAAS–A are valid instruments. We conclude that although construct measurement is inevitably imperfect, such efforts are critical to building basic knowledge and refining effective interventions.
Sequence-specific cleavage of the RNA strand in DNA–RNA hybrids by the fusion of ribonuclease H with a zinc finger

Ribonucleases (RNases) are valuable tools applied in the analysis of RNA sequence, structure and function. Their substrate specificity is limited to recognition of single bases or distinct secondary structures in the substrate. Currently, there are no RNases available for purely sequence-dependent fragmentation of RNA. Here, we report the development of a new enzyme that cleaves the RNA strand in DNA–RNA hybrids 5 nt from a nonanucleotide recognition sequence. The enzyme was constructed by fusing two functionally independent domains, a RNase HI, that hydrolyzes RNA in DNA–RNA hybrids in processive and sequence-independent manner, and a zinc finger that recognizes a sequence in DNA–RNA hybrids. The optimization of the fusion enzyme’s specificity was guided by a structural model of the protein-substrate complex and involved a number of steps, including site-directed mutagenesis of the RNase moiety and optimization of the interdomain linker length. Methods for engineering zinc finger domains with new sequence specificities are readily available, making it feasible to acquire a library of RNases that recognize and cleave a variety of sequences, much like the commercially available assortment of restriction enzymes. Potentially, zinc finger-RNase HI fusions may, in addition to in vitro applications, be used in vivo for targeted RNA degradation.
The Roles and Responsibilities of Teacher Aides Supporting Students with Special Needs in Secondary School Settings

This study examined the perceptions of teacher aides regarding their roles and responsibilities in supporting senior students with special needs in mainstream secondary school settings. Fourteen teacher aides were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide to determine their views regarding their roles and responsibilities, the challenges they faced, their relationships with parents, teachers and students, and their professional development needs. Findings from the study indicated that the participating teacher aides performed a variety of roles and that they often had a considerable degree of autonomy and responsibility in providing academic, social, and behavioural support to the students they served. Teacher aides reported that they were generally satisfied with their jobs and proud of their contributions and accomplishments. However their relationships with teaching staff were often challenging. Teacher aides also indicated that their roles and responsibilities were not clearly delineated, th.
Characterization of valveless micropump for drug delivery by using piezoelectric effect

This paper deals with design of nozzle/diffuser and the use of piezoelectric effect for the actuation of diaphragm of valve-less micro pump which has application in medical field for drug delivery. A three dimensional FE model of nozzle/diffuser and actuator is used for numerical simulation. Fluid flow analysis of nozzle/diffuser is performed to calculate their efficiency and frequency. The simulation is performed for variable converging and diverging angle by varying their length and width to calculate steady flow rate. Analysis of actuator unit is also carried out by using the COMSOL multi-physic software. The simulation of actuator unit depends on mechanical properties of material such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio. The numerical result used to predict the actual behavior of actuator unit for higher frequency range which helps in proper selection of material. The comparison between analytical and numerical results is done which helps in predicting the flow rate and actual working of micro pump.
Measuring IP and TCP behavior on edge nodes

Tstat is a new tool for the collection and statistical analysis of TCP/IP traffic, able to infer TCP connection status from traces. Discussing its use, we present some of the performance figures that can be obtained and the insight that such figures can give on TCP/IP protocols and the Internet. While standard performance measure, such as flow dimensions, traffic distribution, etc., remain at the base of traffic evaluation, more sophisticated indices, like the out-of-order probability and gap dimension in TCP connections, obtained through data correlation between the incoming and outgoing traffic, give reliable estimates of the network performance also from the user perspective. Several of these indices are discussed on traffic measures performed for more than 2 months on the access link of our institution.
The Structure of English Orthography

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Effect of adult attachment style on the prediction of intimate behaviour from the theory of planned behaviour perspective / Incidencia del estilo de apego adulto en la predicción de la conducta íntima desde la teoría de la conducta planificada

Abstract The objective of the study was to verify whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour model (TPB) improved the predictive capability on two intimate behaviours when a new variable was included: adult attachment. Nine hundred and twenty-four college students responded, in Time 1, to a questionnaire that included measures of TPB predictor variables and adult attachment. Twenty days later, information on behaviour carried out during that time period was collected. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the incorporation of attachment into the model did not improve prediction in the case of intention significantly, but it did in the case of prediction of intimate behaviours, increasing the variance explained by 3%. The results show that including measures of adult attachment to TBP appears to improve the prediction of intimate behaviour, after considering intention and perceived control.
An evaluation of international migration theory: the North American case.

The article reviews empirical studies of international migration within the North American migratory system in order to evaluate the various theories that seek to explain the initiation and perpetuation of international movement. The review uncovers significant support for all theories suggesting that they constitute complementary rather than competing explanations of migration. One criticism is that far too much research is focused on Mexico whose unique relationship to the United States may make it unrepresentative of broader patterns and trends in migration. After discussing salient gaps in the research record and outlining promising directions for future study the article attempts to construct a comprehensive model for understanding immigration into North America. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)
Week 49 Influenza Forecast for the 2012-2013 U.S. Season

This is part of a series of weekly influenza forecasts made during the 2012-2013 influenza season. Here we present results of forecasts initiated following assimilation of observations for Week 1 (i.e. the forecast begins January 6, 2013) for municipalities in the United States. These forecasts were performed on January 11, 2013. Results from forecasts initiated the six previous weeks (Weeks 47-52) are also presented. The accuracy of these predictions will not be known for certain until the conclusion of the current influenza season; however, at the moment a number of the forecasted peaks appear to be inaccurate. This inaccuracy may be due to the virulence of influenza this season, which appears to be sending more influenza-infected persons to seek medical attention and inflates ILI levels (and possibly the proportion testing influenza positive) relative to years with milder flu strains. New forecasts that adjust, or scale, for this difference and match the two focus cities that appear to have already peaked are identified. These new forecasts will be used, in addition to the previously scaled forms, to make influenza predictions for the remainder of the season.
Applications of Self-Efficacy Theory to Understanding Career Choice Behavior

This paper reviews the literature on applications of Bandura's (1977, 1982) self-efficacy theory to the career domain. After a description of the' utility of the self-efficacy construct in understanding the mechanisms affecting women's disadvantaged status in the labor force and the usefulness of career self-efficacy in building models predicting the occupational choice behavior of men and women, a review of the research on career self-efficacy is provided. Investigations of self-perceptions of efficacy in relation to occupational choices provide support for the major hypotheses derived from self-efficacy theory.
Testing device drivers against hardware failures in real environments

Hardware failures are a major cause of computer system crashes. To improve system reliability, making device drivers sufficiently robust to tolerate hardware failures is important. Unfortunately, testing device drivers against hardware failures is not easy because hardware failures must be artificially produced in a controlled manner. Prior work has required source code, OS-dependent implementation efforts, or special virtual environments for testing in which it is difficult to find problems that only occur in real environments. This paper presents FaultVisor, a bare-metal hypervisor specialized for testing device drivers. FaultVisor injects pseudo hardware failures by modifying access to real hardware using the hypervisor layer, allowing closed-source and OS-independent driver testing in real environments, and easy insertion of test systems into existing systems. In our evaluation, FaultVisor discovered 41 fault patterns that disclose problems in device drivers, 30 of which led to critical system failures.
The Effects of Focus and Diversification on Bank Risk and Return: Evidence from Individual Bank Loan Portfolios

We study empirically the effect of focus (specialization) versus diversification on the return and the risk of banks using data from 105 Italian banks over the period 1993–99. Specifically, we analyse the trade-offs between (loan portfolio) focus and diversification using a unique data set that is able to identify individual bank loan exposures to different industries, to different sectors and to different geographical regions. Our results are consistent with a theory that predicts a deterioration in bank monitoring quality at high levels of risk and a deterioration in bank monitoring quality upon lending expansion into newer or competitive industries. We find that industrial loan diversification reduces bank return while endogenously producing riskier loans for all banks in our sample; this effect being most powerful for high-risk banks. Sectoral loan diversification produces an inefficient risk–return trade-off only for high-risk banks. Geographical diversification on the other hand does result in an improvement in the risk–return trade-off for banks with low levels of risk. A robust result that emerges from our empirical findings is that diversification of bank assets is not guaranteed to produce superior performance and/or greater safety for banks.
The problem of projects: understanding the theoretical underpinnings of project-led PBL

For many years there has been a sharp division between project-based learning, and problem-based learning, with the former adopting a more technical rationalist approach while the latter adopts a more Socratic or dialogic approach. This article argues that current notions of project-based learning are too narrow and that combining the two approaches will improve student engagement and criticality. This article begins by outlining the key differences between project-based, and problem-based learning, suggesting a new constellation. It then provides an exemplar in the form of a case study that sought to undertake such a combination, and reports on implications for practice.
The dependence of transient climate sensitivity and radiative feedbacks on the spatial pattern of ocean heat uptake

The effect of ocean heat uptake (OHU) on transient global warming is studied in a multimodel framework. Simple heat sinks are prescribed in shallow aquaplanet ocean mixed layers underlying atmospheric general circulation models independently and combined with CO2 forcing. Sinks are localized to either tropical or high latitudes, representing distinct modes of OHU found in coupled simulations. Tropical OHU produces modest cooling at all latitudes, offsetting only a fraction of CO2 warming. High‐latitude OHU produces three times more global mean cooling in a strongly polar‐amplified pattern. Global sensitivities in each scenario are set primarily by large differences in local shortwave cloud feedbacks, robust across models. Differences in atmospheric energy transport set the pattern of temperature change. Results imply that global and regional warming rates depend sensitively on regional ocean processes setting the OHU pattern, and that equilibrium climate sensitivity cannot be reliably estimated from transient observations.
Combined anatomical and clinical factors for the long-term risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the Logistic Clinical SYNTAX score.

BACKGROUND The SYNTAX score (SXscore), an anatomical-based scoring tool reflecting the complexity of coronary anatomy, has established itself as an important long-term prognostic factor in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The incorporation of clinical factors may further augment the utility of the SXscore to longer-term risk stratify the individual patient for clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Patient-level merged data from >6000 patients in seven contemporary coronary stent trials was used to develop a logistic regression model-the Logistic Clinical SXscore-to predict 1-year risk for all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A core model (composed of the SXscore, age, creatinine clearance, and left ventricular ejection fraction) and an extended model [incorporating the core model and six additional (best performing) clinical variables] were developed and validated in a cross-validation procedure. The core model demonstrated a substantial improvement in predictive ability for 1-year all-cause death compared with the SXscore in isolation [area under the receiver operator curve (AUC): core model: 0.753, SXscore: 0.660]. A minor incremental benefit of the extended model was shown (AUC: 0.791). Consequently the core model alone was retained in the final the Logistic Clinical SXscore model. Validation plots confirmed the model predictions to be well calibrated. For 1-year MACE, the addition of clinical variables did not improve the predictive ability of the SXscore, secondary to the SXscore being the predominant determinant of all-cause revascularization. CONCLUSION The Logistic Clinical SXscore substantially enhances the prediction of 1-year mortality after PCI compared with the SXscore, and allows for an accurate personalized assessment of patient risk.
The Cln3‐Cdc28 kinase complex of S. cerevisiae is regulated by proteolysis and phosphorylation.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several of the proteins involved in the Start decision have been identified; these include the Cdc28 protein kinase and three cyclin‐like proteins, Cln1, Cln2 and Cln3. We find that Cln3 is a very unstable, low abundance protein. In contrast, the truncated Cln3‐1 protein is stable, suggesting that the PEST‐rich C‐terminal third of Cln3 is necessary for rapid turnover. Cln3 associates with Cdc28 to form an active kinase complex that phosphorylates Cln3 itself and a co‐precipitated substrate of 45 kDa. The cdc34‐2 allele, which encodes a defective ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, dramatically increases the kinase activity associated with Cln3, but does not affect the half‐life of Cln3. The Cln‐‐Cdc28 complex is inactivated by treatment with non‐specific phosphatases; prolonged incubation with ATP restores kinase activity to the dephosphorylated kinase complex. It is thus possible that phosphate residues essential for Cln‐Cdc28 kinase activity are added autocatalytically. The multiple post‐translational controls on Cln3 activity may help Cln3 tether division to growth.
Real-time learning of accurate patch rectification

Recent work showed that learning-based patch rectification methods are both faster and more reliable than affine region methods. Unfortunately, their performance improvements are founded in a computationally expensive offline learning stage, which is not possible for applications such as SLAM. In this paper we propose an approach whose training stage is fast enough to be performed at run-time without the loss of accuracy or robustness. To this end, we developed a very fast method to compute the mean appearances of the feature points over sets of small variations that span the range of possible camera viewpoints. Then, by simply matching incoming feature points against these mean appearances, we get a coarse estimate of the viewpoint that is refined afterwards. Because there is no need to compute descriptors for the input image, the method is very fast at run-time. We demonstrate our approach on tracking-by-detection for SLAM, real-time object detection and pose estimation applications.
The Vestibular Implant: Quo Vadis?

Objective: To assess the progress of the development of the vestibular implant (VI) and its feasibility short-term. Data sources: A search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, and Embase. Key words used were “vestibular prosth*” and “VI. ” The only search limit was language: English or Dutch. Additional sources were medical books, conference lectures and our personal experience with per-operative vestibular stimulation in patients selected for cochlear implantation. Study selection: All studies about the VI and related topics were included and evaluated by two reviewers. No study was excluded since every study investigated different aspects of the VI. Data extraction and synthesis: Data was extracted by the first author from selected reports, supplemented by additional information, medical books conference lectures. Since each study had its own point of interest with its own outcomes, it was not possible to compare data of different studies. Conclusion: To use a basic VI in humans seems feasible in the very near future. Investigations show that electric stimulation of the canal nerves induces a nystagmus which corresponds to the plane of the canal which is innervated by the stimulated nerve branch. The brain is able to adapt to a higher baseline stimulation, while still reacting on a dynamic component. The best response will be achieved by a combination of the optimal stimulus (stimulus profile, stimulus location, precompensation), complemented by central vestibular adaptation. The degree of response will probably vary between individuals, depending on pathology and their ability to adapt.
Effect of sodium butyrate on performance, immune status, microarchitecture of small intestinal mucosa and lymphoid organs in broiler chickens

Objective This study aimed to examine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance, immune status, organs weights, and microarchitecture of lymphoid organs and small intestine. Methods A total of 120, 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into the following four treatment groups: corn-soy based basal diet (BD) without supplement (control), or the same BD supplemented with 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 0.5 g/kg SB (SB-0.5), or 1.0 g/kg SB (SB-1), respectively. Six birds/group were killed on d-21 and d-35, and samples were collected. Results Cell-mediated immune response at 48 h post-Phytohemagglutinin-P injection, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine and sheep red blood cells on d-35 was noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 compared to ZnB and control. Lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was attained by the supplemented groups. Thymus and spleen weighed more (p<0.05) in SB-1, and bursa registered more (p<0.05) weight in both SB groups compared to control. On d-21, areas of thymus medulla and spleen germinal centers were noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 group. The villus height and villus surface area increased (p<0.05) in duodenum and jejunum in both SB groups on d-21, and in SB-1 on d-35, respectively compared to ZnB and control. On d-21, number of goblet cells containing mucins of acidic nature increased (p<0.05) in all the segments of small intestines in SB-1 group compared to control, and on d-35 in ileum compared to other groups. Conclusion In conclusion, SB improved growth performance and immunity as well as modulated morphology of lymphoid organs and gut mucosa in broiler chickens.