Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of human FMNL1, FMNL2 and FMNL3 genes in silico.

FMNL (NM_005892.2) is a 5'-truncated partial cDNA encoding a Formin-homology protein related to DAAM1, DAAM2, DIAPH1 and DIAPH2. Here, we identified three members of FMNL gene family in the human genome by using bioinformatics. FMNL1 gene, corresponding to 5'-truncated KW-13 and FMNL cDNAs, was located within reference genomic contig NT_010748. 9 (nucleotide position 100576-125849, forward orientation). FMNL2 gene, corresponding to KIAA1902 and FHOD2 cDNAs, was located within NT_005151. 10 (nucleotide position 122465-436828, forward orientation). FMNL3 gene, corresponding to 5'-truncated DKFZp762B245 and KIAA2014 cDNAs, was located within NT_026397. 10 (nucleotide position 209769-279037, reverse orientation). FMNL1, FMNL2 and FMNL3 genes encode A and B isoforms with the C-terminal divergence due to alternative splicing (cassette splicing of exon 26). FMNL1A (1100 aa), FMNL1B (1114 aa), FMNL2A (1087 aa), FMNL2B (1093 aa), FMNL3A (1028 aa) and FMNL3B (1027 aa) consist of FDD, FH1 and FH2 domains. Total amino-acid identity were as follows: FMNL1A vs. FMNL2A, 59.3%; FMNL1A vs. FMNL3A, 56.1%; FMNL2A vs. FMNL3A, 68.6%. FMNL1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 17q21. FMNL2 gene was linked to FNBP3/HYPA gene on chromosome 2q23.3, while FMNL3 gene was linked to FNBP3L/HYPC gene on chromosome 12q13. FMNL1 mRNA was expressed in natural killer cells, Burkitt lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and lung large cell carcinoma, FMNL2 mRNA in several normal tissues, diffuse-type gastric cancer, breast cancer, chondrosarcoma, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and FMNL3 mRNA in gastric cancer. FMNL1, FMNL2 and FMNL3 might be implicated in polarity control, invasion, migration, or metastasis through regulation of the Rho-related signaling pathway.
Unemployment and the Wellbeing of Children aged 5-10 Years

The extent to which an increase in the unemployment rate has an effect on children’s wellbeing is not well understood. This article provides estimates of the potential impact of an increase in the unemployment rate on behavioural and emotional outcomes for New South Wales (NSW) children aged four to five to eight to nine years. It also examines the extent to which the negative impacts are concentrated within particular geographic areas. It is estimated that an increase in the unemployment rate leads to an increase in the number of children with behavioural or emotional problems. This finding underscores the importance of having macro-economic policies that limit the increases in the rate of joblessness during economic downturns, particularly policies aimed at reducing the rate of family joblessness.
Does High Inflation Lead to Increased Inflation Uncertainty? Evidence from Nine African Countries

The connection between inflation and its volatility—particularly the “Friedman hypothesis,” which stipulates that rapid price rises help fuel inflation uncertainty— has been tested for a number of emerging markets. Yet Africa, which many hope can improve its macroeconomic performance by adopting inflation targeting, has not received as much attention in the empirical literature. This study proxies uncertainty for sub-Saharan Africa with Exponential GARCH models, before testing for relationships using Granger causality tests and impulse-response functions. Inflation increases are shown to fuel uncertainty in all cases, while the reverse relationship holds for only half of the countries. A region-wide extension of the analysis shows that international spillovers are often related to South Africa.
A new parameter in the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction with penile Doppler ultrasound: cavernous artery ondulation index.

AIM Our aim is to introduce the cavernous artery ondulation index (CA-OI) as a new parameter that could be accepted as an indirect indicator of vascular hemodynamics and also gives us information about the efficiency of erection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 27 patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated with penile Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS). After injection of papaverine intracavernously, arterial diameter and peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities were measured. For measuring at a standart time, five minutes after injection, bilateral cavernosal arteries were examined and gray scale and color Doppler US images through the long axis were recorded at the mentioned phases. Cavernosal artery ondulation index (CA-OI) showing the amount of ondulation was calculated for each subject using these images. RESULTS In 9 of total 27 patients, erection could not pass the tumescence phase with 3 flaccid phases, while the remaining 18 had full erection. Mean CA-OI values were measured as 2.51±0.37 mm, 3.15±0.38 mm, and 2.68±0.09 mm in normal, arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to differentiate the arterial insufficiency by using the cut-off value of CA-OI ≥ 2.5 values as a criteria.
Simultaneous reflectance estimation and surface shape recovery using polarisation

In this paper we develop a practical method for estimating shape and reflectance using only three polarised images. Using polarised light and retro-reflection settings during image acquisition, we separate the diffuse and specular reflectance components using Blind Source Separation without the accurate knowledge of the polariser angle information. Next, we compare the capacities of five chosen reflectance models, and estimate parameters of appropriate models for the two separated components together with their corresponding zenith angles. Finally, we recover surface shape by using a mixture model to match the two zenith angle estimations. We present experiments to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for a variety of materials, and we show that the proposed method is capable of accurately estimating both shape and reflectance information.
The human capital and human resource management relationships in non-profit organisations: Misunderstanding and implication

Through qualitative in-depth semi-structure interviews with 35 senior non-profit executives in 22 Non-Profit Organisations NPOs) in Australia, it was found that Human Capital (HC) and Human Resource Management (HRM) were perceived to be identical and interchangeable. However, the two concepts are conceptually different. Drawing from the interview data, non-profit executives' strategic decision-making in relation to knowledge development, application and dissemination was distorted due to the misunderstanding of the two concepts. Thus the contribution of the paper is to provide non-profit executives, particularly who are directly involved in HRM, an improved understanding of the two concepts which leads to a better implementation of human resource strategy.
An optimal combination of MCCB and CANTAB to assess functional capacity in older individuals with schizophrenia

Cognitive deficits predict functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia including in late life. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) are widely used to assess cognition in this population. The aim of this study was to determine a minimal set of subtests across the two batteries that would be strongly associated with functional capacity in older patients with schizophrenia.
Clinical and Macroscopic Correlates of Minicolumnar Pathology in Autism

All subcortical arrangements are primarily nuclear in type. The cortex has been the first part of the brain to evolve a radial and laminar arrangement of cells. The resultant modular arrangement is based on the cell minicolumn: a self-contained ecosystem of connectivity linking afferent, efferent, and inerneuronal connections. Recently, the cell minicolumn has been found to be abnormal in patients with autism. This article relates different aspects of the cell minicolumn and larger-scale neuronal assemblies to potential research techniques and their application to clinical practice. (J Child Neurol 2002;17:692-695).
Inflation‐Growth Profiles Across Countries: Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries

There is growing evidence from multi‐country studies indicating that there is a turning point in the relationship between inflation and economic growth beyond which the detrimental effects of high inflation offset the stimulating effects of mild inflation on growth. However, it is not clear whether it is appropriate to assume an identical turning point in the inflation and growth relation across countries at various stages of development. Using a non‐linear specification and the data from four groups of countries at various stages of development, this paper examines the possibility for a family rather than a single inverted U relation across countries at various stages of development. The estimated turning points are found to vary widely from as high as 15% per year for the lower‐middle‐income countries to 11% for the low‐income countries, and 5% for the upper‐middle‐income countries. No statistically detectable, long‐run relationship between inflation and growth is evident for the OECD countries. The results indicate the potential bias in the estimation of inflation–growth nexus that may result from combining various countries at different levels of development. The existence of such a degree of heterogeneity across countries at various stages of development also suggests the inappropriateness of setting a single, uniform numerical policy target applicable to all (developing) countries.
Distributed Semiglobal Consensus With Relative Output Feedback and Input Saturation Under Directed Switching Networks

This brief investigates the consensus problem of a linear multiagent system (MAS) with input saturation and a directed switching proximity topology. An observer-based distributed MAS control method is developed to achieve semiglobal consensus, in which only relative output measurement is available for feedback. Numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Optimization of Interior PM Motors With Machaon Rotor Flux Barriers

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are normally designed with two or more flux barriers per pole. The form of such flux barriers has a direct impact on the torque developed by the IPM motor, with regards to both its average value and ripple. The Machaon structure includes flux barriers of different shape, aimed at reducing the torque ripple. Their shape depends on the number of poles, number of slots, winding arrangements, and PM volume used in the rotor. An optimization technique is adopted in order to determine the best shape of the flux barriers with the objective of achieving a smooth torque with a high average value.
Acute renal failure in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock--a significant independent risk factor for mortality: results from the German Prevalence Study.

BACKGROUND Sound data about the prevalence of acute renal failure (ARF) among patients with severe sepsis and septic shock are lacking. Further, it is not known whether ARF is an independent risk factor for mortality in septic patients or merely an indicator of disease severity. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional one-day prevalence study was carried out in a representative sample of German ICUs, divided into five strata (< 200 beds; 201-400 beds; 401-600 beds; > 600 beds; university hospitals). 3877 patients were screened of whom 415 had severe sepsis and septic shock. RESULTS Fourteen patients (3.4%) had chronic dialysis-dependent RF and were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 401 patients, 166 (41.4%) had ARF, as defined by a rise in creatinine above twice the upper limit of normal and/or a drop in urine output to < 0.5 ml/kg bodyweight. Median APACHE II score was 22 in patients with ARF and 16 in patients without ARF (p< 0.0001). Patients with severe sepsis/septic shock had an overall hospital mortality of 55.2%. Hospital mortality in patients with ARF was 67.3% and without ARF 42.8% (p< 0.0001). After adjustment for APACHE II score and age, ARF remained a significant independent risk factor for death [odds ratio (OR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.52]. Mortality in septic patients was not associated with pre-existing, non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, whereas in dialysis-dependent patients with sepsis mortality increased to 86%. CONCLUSION In this representative survey in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, prevalence of ARF is high with 41.4%. ARF represents a significant independent risk factor for mortality in these patients.
Management standards and development practice in the South African aid chain

The article addresses how South African non-governmental organisations (NGOs) approach the management of their development activities and the influences upon their approaches. Based on interviews, field visits and programme documents from 40 organisations working in South Africa, the article explores the extent to which NGO programme priorities and adopted management practices arise out of donor conditions, succeed in their stated aims and generate other unintended consequences. Four aspects of contemporary NGO management dynamics are explored: logical frameworks, participatory processes, impact enhancement and financial probity. While donor requirements in these four areas generally impose heavy costs on South African NGOs and poorly achieve their stated aims, the research documents cases, in which local managers were able to work effectively and learn within these constraints, found ways around the more intrusive requirements, or challenged donors to change their policies to permit more equitable donor-recipient relationships and better development practice. However, an unintended impact of tighter funding requirements is an observable differentiation within the South African NGO sector, with smaller community-based organisations excluded as larger professional organisations establish more enduring links with international development organisations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the User Experience of a Cognitive Stimulation Tool through Elders' Interactions

Abstract. As part of our efforts to improve the effective design of suitable CS applications for the elderly, during the last three years we have been performing an ensemble of studies, which have enabled us to understand the nature of CS activities and to envision how we might support them by means of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) technologies. Furthermore, we have proposed UCSA, a framework for the design of usable CS applications for worried-well elders. In order to validate the framework, we have developed and evaluated the usability of several prototypes by means of TAM-based questionnaires. In this work, we present the results of a further evaluation of one such application, which focuses on user experience (UX). We identified which kinds of interactions occurred among the different participants, along with their form and functions, as a means to gather evidence about the application’s user experience. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings regarding the framework’s UX perspective, along with possible directions of future work.
LDL‐receptor gene mutations and the hypocholesterolemic response to statin therapy

Studies of the cholesterol lowering effect of statin therapy as a function of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐receptor mutation type have not produced a clear picture, possibly because they included patients with several different kinds of LDL‐receptor mutations. We studied the response to treatment with fluvastatin in 28 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia as a result of a receptor‐negative mutation (Trp23‐stop) and in 30 patients with a receptor‐binding defective mutation (Trp66‐Gly) to test the hypothesis that response to treatment depends on the type of mutation. Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with fluvastatin 40 mg daily and 12 weeks of placebo treatment, preceded by a placebo run‐in period of 8 weeks in a double‐blind, cross‐over design. Untreated plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were similar in the two groups of patients. Plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol response to therapy tended to be less marked in receptor‐binding defective patients, but the differences were not statistically significant. A tabulation of the results of the present and earlier studies suggests that differences in treatment response as an apparent function of LDL‐receptor gene mutational type occur mainly in populations with recent genetic admixture (<400 years). In such populations, persons with the same mutation in the LDL‐receptor gene are more likely to share other but undetermined genetic variations affecting the pharmacology of statins.
Drivers of the Use and Facilitators and Obstacles of the Evolution of Big Data by the Audit Profession

SYNOPSIS: Big Data is one of the most important developments in management practice today, with McKinsey Global Institute (2011) arguing that it will fundamentally change business. Forbes (2013) states that “the market for Big Data will reach $16.1 billion in 2014, growing 6 times faster than the overall information technology (IT) market. ” Given the growing significance of Big Data as a business tool, this paper considers the extent to which Big Data will be embraced by the audit profession and how that usage will evolve over time. I put forward the hypothesis that auditors cannot stray too far from the practices of their clients since their credibility with and respect of those clients are the basis of the value added that they provide. Hence, if Big Data becomes an essential business tool, then inevitably it will have the same impact on auditing, albeit, perhaps later and with a more muted reaction. Analysis also indicates that American and international auditing standards, technological advances, and .
Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men

Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.
Stretch reflex responses in the human elbow joint during a voluntary movement.

1. The responsiveness of the stretch reflex is modulated during human voluntary limb movements. The influence of this modulation on the limb mechanical properties (stiffness) was investigated. 2. Subjects were taught to replicate accurately a rapid (4.0 rad s‐1) targeted elbow flexion movement of 1 rad. From the onset of 12% of the trials a sinusoidal position disturbance (0.05 rad) was superimposed on the normal (trained) movement trajectory. The net joint torque (muscle torque) resisting these stretches was computed from measurements of applied torque, acceleration and limb inertia. Electromyographic (EMG) responses in the triceps brachii (TB), brachialis (Br) and biceps brachii (BB) were monitored. 3. The EMG responses to sinusoidal stretches applied early in the movement were less than those responses to perturbations applied when the arm neared the target (especially in the antagonist muscle TB). These EMG responses caused fluctuations in the resistance to the perturbation (stiffness), as described below. 4. When the perturbation frequency was low (< 4 Hz) the resistance of the elbow muscles to the stretch increased as the arm approached the target (48% increase). In contrast, when the stretch frequency was 7 Hz the resistance decreased by 63%. This decrease can be explained by the increased reflex response, since at 7 Hz the reflex response is probably timed so that it assists, rather than resists, the stretching as a result of loop delays. This reflex timing was confirmed by observing that, after abruptly stopping the sinusoidal stretch, the reflex response persisted for 100 ms and was indeed in a direction that would have reduced the resistance, had the perturbation continued. 5. The time course of the net muscle stiffness was estimated for frequencies ranging from 4 to 8 Hz and for each 40 ms interval a Nyquist plot was constructed, forming a C‐shaped curve as frequency was varied. The size of this curve gave a measure of the stiffness resulting from reflex activity. When the arm neared the target this reflexive stiffness reached a maximum, and was probably comparable in size to the intrinsic (non‐reflexive) muscle stiffness. Also, in four of the five subjects the viscous component of stiffness at 7 Hz dropped significantly below zero when the arm neared the target, again indicating that at this frequency the reflex was large and acted inappropriately. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Note About Information Sources for Preferred Recreational Environments

People employ a wide variety of information sources to establish activity. A survey of 999 college-age people revealed differences in the importance of various formal and informal information types. College students place more value on informationfrom peers than from family members. Television advertising and programs are the most used formal information types. For selected information sources, rankings increased with increasing age of respondent.
Measuring the Competitiveness of China's Processed Exports

China's surplus in processing trade remains large. Processed exports are final goods produced using parts and components that are imported duty free. Because much of the value-added of these exports comes from East Asia, exchange rates throughout the region should affect their foreign currency prices. This paper presents data on value-added exchange rates for processed exports over the 1993–2013 period and reports that they significantly affect exports. While the renminbi appreciated 36 percent between the beginning of 2005 and the end of 2013, exchange rates in supply chain countries depreciated. This has mitigated the effect of the RMB appreciation on the price competitiveness of processed exports.
Restoration and pore sealing of low-k films by UV-assisted processes

Porous low-k dielectrics are susceptible to damages by steps such as etch, ash, and CMP in the BEOL process flow. Such damages degrade the structural and electrical properties of low-k materials. To uphold the value of integrating low-k dielectrics, restoration processes are needed to repair such damages. In this work, UV-assisted silylation is used to repair damages and restore properties of porous low-k dielectrics. The repair process is able to restore carbon content, as indicated by the increase in water contact angle (WCA), and restore the electrical properties, as shown by the decrease in dielectric constant (k) and increase in break-down electrical field based on blanket-film data. On structured wafers, the post-etch repair process effects a 4-6% reduction in RC when compared to without repair. The same UV-assisted platform may be used to effect pore sealing to prevent metals used in BEOL metallization from penetrating into porous low-k materials. On structured wafers, the pore-sealing process is able to reduce Mn penetration into porous low-k when ALD MnN is used as the copper barrier.