Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified Eden-Lange procedure for trapezius paralysis with ipsilateral rotator cuff-tear arthropathy: a case report.

Scapular winging typically results from serratus anterior dysfunction caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve or from trapezius dysfunction caused by injury to the spinal accessory nerve1,2. The surgical treatment of choice for scapular winging caused by trapezius palsy is the Eden-Lange procedure3,4. This procedure, as modified by Bigliani et al.3,5, includes transfer of the levator scapulae muscle laterally to the scapular spine, and lateral transfer of the rhomboid minor and major muscles to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossae, respectively. (In the “standard” procedure, the rhomboid minor and major muscles are both transferred to the infraspinatus fossa.) Many studies have documented the success of the modified and standard Eden-Lange procedures in eliminating scapular winging by restoring the major actions of a flaccid trapezius3-9. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of patients who had an Eden-Lange procedure performed in the setting of a concurrent chronic, large rotator cuff tear with glenohumeral arthritis (rotator cuff-tear arthropathy [RCTA]). We report on a patient with RCTA that evolved from minimally symptomatic to substantially symptomatic after he developed ipsilateral trapezius palsy as the result of a radical neck dissection for thyroid cancer; we describe the use of the Eden-Lange procedure in this patient with advanced rotator cuff disease. The patient was informed that data concerning his case would be submitted for publication, and he provided his consent. A sixty-six-year-old right-hand-dominant man (weight, 108 kg; height, 178 cm; body-mass index, 34.4 kg/m2) presented to our clinic with right shoulder pain and weakness three months after having undergone radical neck dissection for thyroid cancer that had spread to nearby lymph nodes. During the neck surgery, a segment of the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) with enveloping …
High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance but No Antibiotic Production Detected Along a Gypsum Gradient in Great Onyx Cave, KY, USA

A preliminary study of antibiotic production and antibiotic resistance was conducted in Great Onyx Cave in Mammoth Cave National Park, KY, to determine if gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O) affects these bacterial activities. The cave crosses through the width of Flint Ridge, and passages under the sandstone caprock are dry with different amounts of gypsum. The Great Kentucky Desert hypothesis posits that gypsum limits the distribution of invertebrates in the central areas of Great Onyx Cave. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were cultivated from swabs and soils. Using three methods (soil crumb, soil crumb with indicator bacteria, and the cross-streak method using isolated bacteria) we did not detect any production of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was widespread, with all 24 isolates resistant to a minimum of two antibiotics of seven tested, with three isolates resistant to all. Antibiotic resistance was high and not correlated with depth into the cave or the amount of gypsum. The Great Kentucky Desert hypothesis of the negative effects of gypsum seems to have no impact on bacterial activity.
Homologous monocuspid valve patch in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.

BACKGROUND In the surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia, pulmonary regurgitation may be detrimental in the postoperative period. We have used homograft monocuspid valve patch to prevent pulmonary insufficiency. METHODS From September 1996 to December 1998, twenty-five patients, 4 months to 8 years of age (median 10.1 months) had homograft monocuspid valve in the procedure of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. The function of the monocuspid valve was assessed by echocardiogram and graded as trivial to mild, mild to moderate, moderate, and severe. We evaluated the degree of pulmonary insufficiency before discharge, at 3-6 months, and at 12 months after the operation. RESULTS There was one hospital death due to fulminate adeno viral pneumonia. On echocardiogram, 21 patients (88%, 21/24) had no significant pulmonary insufficiency. Only one patient (4.5%) showed a moderate degree of pulmonary insufficiency. At 3-6 months, seventeen of twenty-one (81%) patients had no significant pulmonary insufficiency. There were fourteen patients who had follow-up over 1 year, and no patients showed newly developed significant pulmonary insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the homograft monocuspid valve patch for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction has provided excellent early results for the prevention of pulmonary insufficiency. However these effects are limited in duration and further close follow-up should be needed.
Inertial-aided Rolling Shutter Relative Pose Estimation

Relative pose estimation is a fundamental problem in computer vision and it has been studied for conventional global shutter cameras for decades. However, recently, a rolling shutter camera has been widely used due to its low cost imaging capability and, since the rolling shutter camera captures the image line-by-line, the relative pose estimation of a rolling shutter camera is more difficult than that of a global shutter camera. In this paper, we propose to exploit inertial measurements (gravity and angular velocity) for the rolling shutter relative pose estimation problem. The inertial measurements provide information about the partial relative rotation between two views (cameras) and the instantaneous motion that causes the rolling shutter distortion. Based on this information, we simplify the rolling shutter relative pose estimation problem and propose effective methods to solve it. Unlike the previous methods, which require 44 (linear) or 17 (nonlinear) points with the uniform rolling shutter camera model, the proposed methods require at most 9 or 11 points to estimate the relative pose between the rolling shutter cameras. Experimental results on synthetic data and the public PennCOSYVIO dataset show that the proposed methods outperform the existing methods.
Hunting Darwin's Snark: which maps shall we use?

The 11 contributions to this thematic volume touch on a large range of issues concerning the landscape of biological possibilities and the manner by which it may be traversed by evolving life forms. The contributors also consider how this landscape might be mapped by evolutionary biologists, with an emphasis on how one might identify the limits of such maps. While some agreements emerge on the question of limits on evolution, not surprisingly few contributors look towards the same horizons. Rather than providing a potted summary of the 11 papers, our aim in this introduction is to identify eight principal themes that might serve as common ground and, as importantly, to listen out for the sound of rushing subterranean waters that hint at caverns of concealed knowledge. By no means all of these themes are addressed by all authors, but in gathering the many strands of enquiry we hope that this will allow us to ask: What, if any, are the limits to evolution?
Adaptive Cooperative FEC Based on Combination of Network Coding and Channel Coding for Wireless Sensor Networks

The data delivery over wireless links with QoS-guarantee is a big challenge because of the unreliable and dynamic characteristics of wireless sensor networks, as well as QoS diversity requirements of applications. In this paper, we propose an adaptive cooperative Forward Error Correction algorithm based on network coding, in the hope quality of experience could be satisfied on receivers with high quality. The algorithm, based on wireless link and distance, adjusts the RS coder parameter and selects the optimal relay nodes. On the other hand, we combine the channel coding and network coding technology at the data link layer to fulfil the requirements of QoS diversity. Both mathematical analysis and NS simulation results demonstrate the proposed mechanism is superior to the traditional FEC and cooperative FEC alone at the reliability, real time performance and energy efficiency. In addition, the proposed mechanism can significantly improve quality of media streaming, in terms of playable frame rate on the receiving side.
What drives short‐ and long‐term crustal deformation in the southwestern United States?

The driving forces for crustal deformation are often inferred from the crustal kinematics. In the Southwestern United States, however, crustal kinematics delineated by the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements differs significantly from that reconstructed from the geological records. This discrepancy is likely due to the different timescales reflected in these datasets. Here we explore the geodynamic links between the short‐ and long‐term crustal deformation in the Southwestern US using regional‐scale three‐dimensional elastic and viscous finite element models. We show that the GPS‐measured short‐term crustal deformation results mainly from interseismic traction along the San Andreas Fault (SAF). Much of the short‐term strain is transient that does not contribute to permanent deformation. The long‐term traction on the SAF is ∼10 MPa lower than that constrained by the GPS data, which, together with gravitational spreading, can reproduce the geologically reconstructed long‐term crustal deformation.
Multi Agents approach for Job Shop Scheduling Problem using Genetic Algorithm and Variable Neighborhood Search method

The job shop scheduling is an important and complex problem for a manufacturing system. It is well known and popular problem having (Non-Polynomial) NP-hard characteristic to find the optimal or near optimal solution (schedules) quickly. In job shop scheduling a set of “ N ” number of jobs are processed through an “ M ” number of given set of machines. It must be processed in the prescribed order by utilizing the feasible sequence of operations for a job. Therefore, due to its complex nature the finding of approximate solutions are chosen rather than the finding exact solution which involve higher cost. Various meta-heuristics techniques are utilized in order to find the sub-optimal solution for job shop scheduling problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) method are the preferred techniques which are best-known for global and local search of solutions respectively. VNS is work as in augment for GA approach. In the present work, Multi-agents are proposed to find the near optimal solution for job shop scheduling problem using GA and VNS approach in parallel. Multi-agent system is preferred owing to its ability to perform in parallel and robustness as well as the elucidation of intelligence. In the proposed system, many hosts of the network are accommodated with agents. JADE is used to setup communications. Each agents is designed to perform the specific task namely Initialization Agent (IA), Processing Agent (PA) and Coordinating Agent (CA) for initial generation of population, to schedule the operations on machines, to find the distinctive host and to perform the migrations between various populations respectively. The objective is to find an optimal value of makespan for the job shop scheduling problem. The performance of the system is assessed by a case study and it reveals that the proposed approach is effective enough to find the optimal solution. Future works is to introduce Disturbance Agents (DA) for internal and external disruptions.
Women, economic hardship and the path of survival: HIV/AIDS risk behavior among women receiving HIV/AIDS treatment in Uganda

Abstract The results are presented from a 2005 survey of 377 women in four HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Uganda. The aim of the study was to explore women's economic hardships and the association with four sexual risk behaviors: whether a woman was sexually active in the last 12 months, whether a condom was used during the last sex act, whether she reported having had a sexual partner in the last six months who she suspected had multiple partners and report of forced, coercive or survival sex in the last six months. Few women were sexually active (34%), likely due to the high proportion of widows (49%). Married women were likely to report forced, coercive or survival sex (35%). Eighty-four percent of women reported condom used at last sex act. Forced, coercive or survival sex was associated with number of meals missed per week (AOR=1.125, 95% CI 1.11, 1.587, p<0.05). Sex with a partner in the last six months who a woman suspected had multiple partners was also associated with number of missed meals per week (AOR=2.080, 95% CI 1.084, 3.992). Currently women in Ugandan antiretroviral therapy programs are not likely to be sexually active, except for married women. Many women need to find food and other support, which may put them at risk of forced, coercive or survival sex due to dependency on men.
Presidential address, 1973. Physical, physiological, and psychological factors that affect pain reaction to electric shock.

This paper reviews a number of years of comprehensive research in the use of electric shock as a pain stimulus in the psychophysiology laboratory. The development of a standard stimulation technique is described. Studies involving the use of this procedure to investigate psychological, physiological, and clinical factors that affect the evaluation of pain are discussed. Cultural and behavioral influences on pain tolerance are investigated and physiological response measures tested. Possible clinical applications are studied, and special consideration is given to the psychophysical evaluation of the sensory and connotative components of the pain experience.
Simultaneous Parameter Estimation and Segmentation of Gibbs Random Fields Using Simulated Annealing

An adaptive segmentation algorithm is developed which simultaneously estimates the parameters of the underlying Gibbs random field (GRF)and segments the noisy image corrupted by additive independent Gaussian noise. The algorithm, which aims at obtaining the maximum a posteriori (MAP) segmentation is a simulated annealing algorithm that is interrupted at regular intervals for estimating the GRF parameters. Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters based on the current segmentation are used to obtain the next segmentation. It is proven that the parameter estimates and the segmentations converge in distribution to the ML estimate of the parameters and the MAP segmentation with those parameter estimates, respectively. Due to computational difficulties, however, only an approximate version of the algorithm is implemented. The approximate algorithm is applied on several two- and four-region images with different noise levels and with first-order and second-order neighborhoods. >
Side-sloped surfaces substantially affect lower limb running kinematics

Abstract Running on side-sloped surfaces is a common obstacle in the environment; however, how and to what extent the lower extremity kinematics adapt is not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of side-sloped surfaces on three-dimensional kinematics of hip, knee, and ankle during stance phase of running. Ten healthy adult males ran barefoot along an inclinable runway in level (0°) and side-sloped (10° up-slope and down-slope inclinations, respectively) configurations. Right hip, knee, and ankle angles along with their time of occurrence were analysed using repeated measures MANOVA. Up-slope hip was more adducted (p = 0.015) and internally rotated (p = 0.030). Knee had greater external rotations during side-sloped running at heel-strike (p = 0.005), while at toe-off, it rotated externally and internally during up-slope and down-slope running, respectively (p = 0.001). Down-slope ankle had greatest plantar flexion (p = 0.001). Up-slope ankle had greatest eversion compared with down-slope (p = 0.043), while it was more externally rotated (p = 0.030). These motion patterns are necessary to adjust the lower extremity length during side-sloped running. Timing differences in the kinematic events of hip adduction and external rotation, and ankle eversion were observed (p = 0.006). Knowledge on these alterations is a valuable tool in adopting strategies to enhance performance while preventing injury.
Candidate genes and thermal phenotypes: identifying ecologically important genetic variation for thermotolerance in the Australian Drosophila melanogaster cline

Clinal variation in traits often reflects climatic adaptation; in Drosophila melanogaster clinal variation provides an opportunity to link variation in chromosomal inversions, microsatellite loci and various candidate genes to adaptive variation in traits. We undertook association studies with crosses from a single population of D. melanogaster from eastern Australia to investigate the association between genetic markers and traits showing clinal variation. By genotyping parents and phenotyping offspring, we minimized genotyping costs but had the power to detect association between markers and quantitative traits. Consistent with prior studies, we found strong associations between the clinal chromosomal inversion In(3R)Payne and markers within it, as well as among these markers. We also found an association between In(3L)Payne and one marker located within this inversion. Of the five predicted associations between markers and traits, four were detected (increased heat, decreased cold resistance and body size with the heat shock gene hsr‐omega S, increased cold resistance with the inversion In(3L)Payne), while one was not detected (heat resistance and the heat shock gene hsp68). In a set of eight exploratory tests, we detected one positive association (between hsp23a and heat resistance) but no associations of heat resistance with alleles at the hsp26, hsp83, Desat 2, α‐Gpdh, hsp70 loci, while cold resistance was not associated with Frost and Dca loci. These results confirm interactions between hsr‐omega and thermal resistance, as well as between In(3L)Payne and cold resistance, but do not provide evidence for associations between thermal responses and alleles at other clinally varying marker genes.
Vitamin D and Ageing: Neurological Issues

Objective: Vitamin D has been shown to have multiple biological targets mediated by the vitamin D receptor present in many cells. Specific actions on the central nervous system (CNS) have been described. The objective of this review was to describe the relationship between vitamin D and the nervous system throughout the different stages of life. Methods: A bibliographical search was performed in the MedLine and Cochrane library databases. The keywords used were: ‘vitamin D’ and ‘nervous system’ and/or ‘central nervous system’ and/or ‘nervous system diseases’ and/or ‘psychological tests’ and/or ‘neuropsychological tests’ and/or ‘mental disorders’. The search period ranged from 01/01/1988 to 31/10/2009. Two hundred and ninety-five abstracts were first identified after screening. A final selection of 127 articles was used for the purpose of this review. Results: The studies published over the past 20 years provide an increasing number of arguments in favor of a life-long role of vitamin D on the nervous system as a whole, and in particular on the CNS. During cerebral development, vitamin D may act like a neurosteroid hormone in the areas of neurotransmission, neuroprotection, and neuroimmunomodulation. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. In older adults, hypovitaminosis D has been associated with neuromuscular disorders, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Thus, vitamin D supplementation might have a protective effect against these neurological disorders. Conclusions: Vitamin D has been associated with many neurological functions and its deficiency with dysfunction. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations can potentially be reversed. This simple and low-cost correction might contribute to the primo-secondary prevention of various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Universal decoding using a noisy codebook

We consider the topic of universal decoding with a decoder that does not have direct access to the codebook, but only to noisy versions of the various randomly generated codewords, a problem motivated by biometrical identification systems. Both the source that generates the original (clean) codewords, and the channel that corrupts them in generating the noisy codewords, as well as the main channel for communicating the messages, are all modeled by non-unifilar, finite-state systems (hidden Markov models). As in previous works on universal decoding, here too, the average error probability of our proposed universal decoder is shown to be as small as that of the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) decoder, up to a multiplicative factor that is a sub-exponential function of the block length. It therefore has the same error exponent, whenever the ML decoder has a positive error exponent. The universal decoding metric is based on Lempel-Ziv (LZ) incremental parsing of each noisy codeword jointly with the given channel output vector, but this metric is somewhat different from the one proposed in earlier works on universal decoding for finite-state channels, by Ziv (1985) and by Lapidoth and Ziv (1998). The reason for the difference is that here, unlike in those earlier works, the probability distribution that governs the (noisy) codewords is, in general, not uniform across its support. This non-uniformity of the codeword distribution also makes our derivation more challenging. Another reason for the more challenging analysis is the fact that the effective induced channel between the noisy codeword of the transmitted message and the main channel output is not a finite-state channel in general.
La convergence des activités innovantes en Europe. Les enseignements de l’économétrie spatiale appliquée à l’histoire du temps présent

Nous analysons les contributions des debordements geographiques de connaissance sur l’activite innovante et le processus de convergence des regions europeennes sur la periode 1981-2001. L’application des outils de l’econometrie spatiale (ANSELIN, 1988) a la distribution des demandes de brevets deposees a l’Office Europeen des Brevets revele la presence d’effets spatiaux (auto-correlation et heterogeneite spatiale) que nous integrons successivement dans notre analyse de la convergence. L’estimation, dans un premier temps, d’un modele avec auto-correlation spatiale des erreurs montre que les effets de debordement geographique contribuent favorablement au processus de rattrapage des regions les moins performantes. Dans un second temps, l’heterogeneite spatiale est prise en compte et modelisee par une specification a deux regimes spatiaux, de type « centre-peripherie ». Finalement, nos resultats permettent de conclure que le processus de convergence globale mis en evidence masque des disparites au sein des regions europeennes, ou seulement les regions appartenant au centre de l’Europe convergent.
Distribution and Diversity of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ( Anammox ) Bacteria in the Sediment of a Eutrophic Freshwater Lake , Lake Kitaura , Japan

Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan; Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16–1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8569, Japan; and College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252–0880, Japan