Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congenital Spigelian Hernia and Cryptorchidism: Another Case of New Syndrome

Spigelian hernia (SH) is rarely seen in pediatric age group and is usually associated with cryptorchidism on the same side; termed as a syndromic association of the defect in the Spigelian fascia and absence of gubernaculum and inguinal canal. The absence of the inguinal canal has surgical implication as to placement of the undescended testis into the scrotum. A 3-month-old baby presented with spigelian hernia and ipsilateral impalpable testis. The spigelian hernia was repaired and undescended testis which was present in abdominal wall layers was brought to scrotum with cord structures anterior to external oblique muscle.
Interaction of Galectin‐9 With Lipid Rafts Induces Osteoblast Proliferation Through the c‐Src/ERK Signaling Pathway

Galectin‐9 is a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin expressed in various tissues, including bone. The role of galectin‐9 in human osteoblasts, however, remains unclear. This study showed that galectin‐9 interacts with lipid rafts and induces osteoblast proliferation through the c‐Src/ERK signaling pathway.
New representation of TV regularization for super-resolution

Total Variation (TV) Regularization acts like an anisotropic diffusion while in smooth areas it has isotropic behavior, which makes it very useful for recovering edges in images and at the same time having no effect on smooth areas but it suffers from high non-linearity. This paper presents a new method to handle this problem. The proposed method for Super-Resolution and image Inpainting is based on TV regularization. Experimental results show the effectiveness and high performance of the method.
Nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapy: Evolving strategies for prostate cancer therapy

Purpose: Recent advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the manufacture of a plethora of nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes, core physicochemical properties and surface modifications that are being investigated for potential medical applications, particularly for the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the therapeutic use of customised gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes that efficiently generate heat upon electromagnetic (light and magnetic fields) stimulation after direct injection into tumours or preferential accumulation in tumours following systemic administration. This review will also focus on the evolving strategies to improve the therapeutic index of prostate cancer treatment using nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia. Conclusions: Nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapy is a new and minimally invasive tool in the armamentarium for the treatment of cancers. Unique challenges posed by this form of hyperthermia include the non-target biodistribution of nanoparticles in the reticuloendothelial system when administered systemically, the inability to visualise or quantify the global concentration and spatial distribution of these particles within tumours, the lack of standardised thermal modelling and dosimetry algorithms, and the concerns regarding their biocompatibility. Nevertheless, novel particle compositions, geometries, activation strategies, targeting techniques, payload delivery strategies, and radiation dose enhancement concepts are unique attributes of this form of hyperthermia that warrant further exploration. Capitalising on these opportunities and overcoming these challenges offers the possibility of seamless and logical translation of this nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia paradigm from the bench to the bedside.
The Epidemiology of Headache in Germany: A Nationwide Survey of A Representative Sample on The Basis of The Headache Classification of The International Headache Society

This study presents the first account of the prevalence of headache syndromes, defined according to the International Headache Society criteria, in a large representative sample of the German population; 5000 persons representative of the total population were selected from 30,000 households. Subjects were requested to answer a questionnaire about headache occurrence during their lifetime. The completion rate was 81.2%. Seventy-one point four percent (n = 2902) reported a history of headache. Twenty-seven point five percent fulfilled the criteria for migraine. Thirty-eight point three percent (n = 1557) met the criteria for tension-type headache and 5.6% (n = 229) did not fulfil criteria for either migraine or tension-type headache. Significant correlations were found between the prevalence of the different headache syndromes and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and place of residence. The prevalence of headache did not exhibit any significant differences between the various länder (states or regions) of Germany. When extrapolated to the total population these results reveal that 54 million people in Germany suffer from headache at least occasionally or persistently. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the neurological disorders, migraine and tension-type headache, is seriously underestimated and thus constitutes a major contemporary health problem.
Detection of Early Interproximal Caries in vitro Using Laser Fluorescence, Dye–Enhanced Laser Fluorescence and Direct Visual Examination

This in vitro study evaluated the use of laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of early interproximal carious lesions and whether the detection could be enhanced using a fluorescent dye (DELF). Direct visual examination (DV) was used for comparison. Eighty extracted teeth were used, arranged in 20 blocks, each block having 2 premolars and 2 molars, lined up in a simulated sextant situation. After cleaning with a microabrasion kit, a subcontact window on half of the surfaces (60) was exposed to Carbopol white–spot solution for 5 days. The teeth were remounted in stone and examined by three independent examiners. For LF and DELF an argon laser was used (mixed wavelength of 488 and 514 nm) viewed through glasses (excluding wavelength <520 nm). For DELF a sodium fluorescein dye (0.075%) was applied before examination. A clinical examination light was used for DV. The approximal surfaces were scored for lesion presence or absence. To verify lesion presence, the subcontact area was cut perpendicularly to the surface, stained with rhodamine B, and images were taken using a confocal microscope. The images were analyzed using a histogram program for lesion depth and image area. Lesions were present in 62 out of 120 approximal surfaces, with an average depth of 60 μm (range 17–190 μm). Sensitivity ranges for LF, DELF and DV were 56–74, 61–79 and 58–74%, and specificity ranges 67–78, 86–98 and 83–97%, respectively. With this model DELF compared favorably with DV and LF in sensitivity, but specificity was better for DELF and DV than for LF.
The 8-kDa Dynein Light Chain Binds to p53-binding Protein 1 and Mediates DNA Damage-induced p53 Nuclear Accumulation*

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is known to undergo cytoplasmic dynein-dependent nuclear translocation in response to DNA damage. However, the molecular link between p53 and the minus end-directed microtubule motor dynein complex has not been described. We report here that the 8-kDa light chain (LC8) of dynein binds to p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1). The LC8-binding domain was mapped to a short peptide segment immediately N-terminal to the kinetochore localization region of 53BP1. The LC8-binding domain is completely separated from the p53-binding domain in 53BP1. Therefore, 53BP1 can potentially act as an adaptor to assemble p53 to the dynein complex. Unlike other known LC8-binding proteins, 53BP1 contains two distinct LC8-binding motifs that are arranged in tandem. We further showed that 53BP1 can directly associate with the dynein complex. Disruption of the interaction between LC8 and 53BP1 in vivo prevented DNA damage-induced nuclear accumulation of p53. These data illustrate that LC8 is able to function as a versatile acceptor to link a wide spectrum of molecular cargoes to the dynein motor.
ERAS: Improving outcome in the cachectic HPB patient

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program has reduced postoperative morbidity and duration of hospital stay but not mortality in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Many HPB patients suffer from cancer cachexia, a syndrome of severe weight and muscle loss. This may affect outcomes of HPB surgery even within an ERAS program. A tailored ERAS approach may be essential in further improving outcome in this vulnerable patient category.
Effect of Tetracycline on Transfer and Establishment of the Tetracycline-Inducible Conjugative Transposon Tn916 in the Guts of Gnotobiotic Rats

ABSTRACT We have investigated the transfer of Tn916 among strains of Enterococcus faecalis OG1 colonizing in the intestines of gnotobiotic rats. This animal model allows a low limit of detection and efficient colonization of the chosen bacteria. The animals continuously received tetracycline in drinking water. A tetracycline-sensitive recipient strain was allowed to colonize the animals before the resistant donor was introduced. The numbers of donors, recipients, and transconjugants in fecal samples and intestinal segments were estimated. The bioavailable amounts of tetracycline in fecal samples and intestinal segments were monitored by using bacterial biosensors carrying a transcriptional fusion of a tetracycline-regulated promoter and a lacZ reporter gene. Chromosomal locations of Tn916 in transconjugants isolated either from the same animal or from different animals were compared by Southern blot analysis. Our results indicated that selection for the resistant phenotype was the major factor causing higher numbers of transconjugants in the presence of tetracycline. Tetracycline-sensitive E. faecalis cells colonized the intestine even when the concentrations of tetracycline in feces and intestinal luminal contents exceeded growth-inhibitory concentrations. This suggests the existence of tetracycline-depleted microhabitats in the intestinal environment.
Initial spacing has little influence on transient epicormic shoots in a 20-year-old sessile oak plantation

Abstract• Epicormics are important defects of oak timber which originate from suppressed buds placed early and develop into epicormic shoots depending on the light available, which in turn depends on stand density. In this context, our objective was to assess the epicormic shoots present in a 20-year-old experimental plantation of sessile oak and to test and quantify the effect of the three initial densities applied: 1333, 2667 and 5333 stems/ha. • In the 3 stand densities, epicormic shoots were mostly transient and were rarely clustered. A significant but negligible effect of the density on the epicormic length and on the variables related to epicormic counts appeared: the longest epicormic shoots were present in densities 1333 and 2667 while their means were significantly lower for density 5333. When considering the tree descriptors, the best explanatory models of the different epicormic counts involved their relative variations, especially the relative increment (RIV) in the product V = HEIGHT.DBH2. More precisely, emergence of epicormic shoots occurred particularly when trees fell below a threshold value of RIV = 0.26. Such trees belonged mainly to the two highest densities: 2667 and 5333 stems/ha. • When considering only epicormics, none of the tested densities can be recommended. Trees which bear the most numerous epicormic shoots will be naturally eliminated by stand competition. Résumé• Les épicormiques sont des défauts importants du bois de chêne. Ils sont issus de bourgeons latents déposés très tôt sur le tronc. Ils peuvent éventuellement se développer en gourmands, selon l’éclairement qui dépend de l’espacement des arbres. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié l’effet de la densité de plantation (1333, 2667 et 5333 tiges/ha) sur le développement des pousses épicormiques sur des chênes sessiles âgés de 20 ans. • Dans les trois densités, les pousses épicormiques ne persistent pas et sont généralement isolées. Un effet significatif mais négligeable sur la longueur des épicormiques a été observé : les pousses les plus longues sont présentes dans les densités 1333 et 2667 alors qu’elles sont plus courtes dans la densité 5333. Vis à vis des caractéristiques dendrométriques de l’arbre, les modèles les plus explicatifs des différentes variables de comptage font intervenir la variation relative RIV du produit V = H.D1302 entre les deux campagnes. Plus précisément, en dessous d’une valeur seuil de RTV = 0,26, l’apparition des pousses épicormiques est significativement augmentée; les arbres dans cette situation appartiennent majoritairement aux densités les plus fortes 2667 et 5333 tiges/ha. • En ne prenant en compte que les gourmands, on ne peut recommander une densité particulière. Les arbres qui portent le plus de gourmands sont les moins vigoureux; ils seront éliminés naturellement par la compétition.
Hepatitis B virus–triggered autophagy targets TNFRSF10B/death receptor 5 for degradation to limit TNFSF10/TRAIL response

ABSTRACT Death receptors of TNFSF10/TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10) contribute to immune surveillance against virus-infected or transformed cells by promoting apoptosis. Many viruses evade antiviral immunity by modulating TNFSF10 receptor signaling, leading to persistent infection. Here, we report that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) restricts TNFSF10 receptor signaling via macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of TNFRSF10B/DR5, a TNFSF10 death receptor, and thus permits survival of virus-infected cells. We demonstrate that the expression of the TNFRSF10B protein is dramatically reduced both in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients and in cell lines transfected with HBV or HBx. HBx-mediated downregulation of TNFRSF10B is caused by the lysosomal, but not proteasomal, degradation pathway. Immunoblotting analysis of LC3B and SQSTM1, and microscopy analysis of tandem-fluorescence-tagged LC3B revealed that HBx promotes complete autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy with a pharmacological inhibitor and LC3B knockdown revealed that HBx-induced autophagy is crucial for TNFRSF10B degradation. Immunoprecipitation and GST affinity isolation assays showed that HBx directly interacts with TNFRSF10B and recruits it to phagophores, the precursors to autophagosomes. We confirmed that autophagy activation is related to the downregulation of the TNFRSF10B protein in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced the susceptibility of HBx-infected hepatocytes to TNFSF10. These results identify the dual function of HBx in TNFRSF10B degradation: HBx plays a role as an autophagy receptor–like molecule, which promotes the association of TNFRSF10B with LC3B; HBx is also an autophagy inducer. Our data suggest a molecular mechanism for HBV evasion from TNFSF10-mediated antiviral immunity, which may contribute to chronic HBV infection.
Nanostructured conducting polymers for stiffness controlled cell adhesion

We propose a facile and reproducible method, based on ultra thin porous alumina membranes, to produce cm2 ordered arrays of nano-pores and nano-pillars on any kind of substrates. In particular our method enables the fabrication of conducting polymers nano-structures, such as poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene]:poly[styrene sulfonate] (PEDOT:PSS). Here, we demonstrate the potential interest of those templates with controlled cell adhesion studies. The triggering of the eventual fate of the cell (proliferation, death, differentiation or migration) is mediated through chemical cues from the adsorbed proteins and physical cues such as surface energy, stiffness and topography. Interestingly, as well as through material properties, stiffness modifications can be induced by nano-topography, the ability of nano-pillars to bend defining an effective stiffness. By controlling the diameter, length, depth and material of the nano-structures, one can possibly tune the effective stiffness of a (nano) structured substrate. First results indicate a possible change in the fate of living cells on such nano-patterned devices, whether they are made of conducting polymer (soft material) or silicon (hard material).
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: star formation in UV-luminous galaxies from their luminosity functions

We present the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function of galaxies from the GALEX Medium Imaging Survey with measured spectroscopic redshifts from the first data release of the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. Our sample consists of 39 996 NUV M_NUV > −22.5) evolve very rapidly with a number density declining as (1 + z)5±1 from redshift z = 0.9 to 0.6. These starburst galaxies (MNUV 0.55 we find that the bright end of the luminosity function is not well described by a pure Schechter function due to an excess of very luminous (MNUV < −22) galaxies. These luminosity functions can be used to create a radial selection function for the WiggleZ survey or test models of galaxy formation and evolution. Here we test the AGN feedback model in Scannapieco, Silk & Bouwens, and find that this AGN feedback model requires AGN feedback efficiency to vary with one or more of the following: stellar mass, star formation rate and redshift.
HNF1β and S100A1 are useful biomarkers for distinguishing renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in FNA and core needle biopsies

Morphologic overlap between renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) can pose diagnostic challenges, especially in biopsy samples in which tumor quantity may be limited, architectural features are not well represented, and gross examination is not possible. It has been demonstrated that immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HNF1α, HNF1β, and S100A1 are differentially expressed in RO and ChRCC in resection specimens. We evaluated the utility of these markers in FNA and core biopsies of RO and ChRCC.
Delirium in Older Postoperative Hip Fracture Patients

to 10.8% of the Serbian cohort with prior “severe cognitive impairment. ” Finally, the sensitivity of the CAM for delirium diagnosis is highly dependent on the level of rater training (5). Prior to our study, each of the delirium assessors received rigorous CAM training based on the original training manual. The level of CAM training in the Serbian study is not outlined and may have been less. The authors highlight that delirium is often undiagnosed in acute care settings. In our study the attending nursing staff recognised the presence of delirium only 40% of the time. Given the serious consequences of delirium and benefits of early intervention, increased delirium awareness among staff is required. Formal delirium diagnosis requires training and time, not always practicable in busy clinical settings. However, ward-based detection can be improved by screening at-risk patients daily using simple cognitive tests. Tests of attention, for example reciting the months of the year backwards or counting backwards from 20, are particularly useful, as inattention is core to delirium diagnosis. Patients who fail these tests warrant further neurocognitive assessment. In conclusion, delirium is an important postoperative complication that is underdetected in hip fracture patients. We must improve staff awareness and detection of delirium to improve long-term outcomes for this vulnerable group.
Alkaline and Alkaline-Earth Ceramic Oxides for CO2 Capture, Separation and Subsequent Catalytic Chemical Conversion

The amounts of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have been raised dramatically, mainly due to the combustion of different carbonaceous materials used in energy production, transport and other important industries such as cement production, iron and steelmaking. To solve or at least mitigate this environmental problem, several alternatives have been proposed. A promising alternative for reducing the CO2 emissions is the separation and/ or capture and concentration of the gas and its subsequent chemical transformation. In that sense, a variety of materials have been tested containing alkaline and/or alkaline-earth oxide ceramics and have been found to be good options.
N‐Acetylaspartylglutamate Inhibits Forskolin‐Stimulated Cyclic AMP Levels via a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells

Abstract: The neuronal dipeptide N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) fulfills several of the criteria for classification as a neurotransmitter including localization in synaptic vesicles, calcium‐dependent release after neuronal depolarization, and low potency activation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. In the present study, the influence of NAAG on metabotropic receptor activation in cerebellar granule cells was examined in cell culture. Stimulation of granule cell adenylate cyclase with forskolin increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) several hundredfold above basal levels within 10 min in a concentration‐dependent manner. Although gluta‐mate, NAAG, and the metabotropic receptor agonist frans‐1‐amino‐1, 3‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid did not alter the low basal cAMP levels, the application of 300 μM glutamate or NAAG or trans‐1‐amino‐1, 3‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid reduced forskolin‐stimulated cAMP in granule cells by 30–50% in the absence or presence of inhibitors of ionotropic acidic amino acid receptors, as well as 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate. No additivity in the inhibition of cAMP was found when 300 μM NAAG and trans‐1‐amino‐1, 3‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid were coapplied. The β‐analogue of NAAG failed to reduce cAMP levels. Similar effects of NAAG and glutamate were obtained under conditions of inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity and were prevented by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. These data are consistent with the activation by NAAG of a metabotropic acidic amino acid receptor coupled to an inhibitory G protein. In contrast, the metabotropic acidic amino acid receptor coupled to phosphoinositol turnover in these cells was not activated by NAAG. Granule cells in culture expressed very low levels of extracellular peptidase activity against NAAG, converting to glutamate <0.1% of the 10 μM through 1 mM NAAG applied to these cells during 15‐min in vitro assays.
Transistor Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Five-Phase PM Motor Drive for Application in Electric Vehicles

to meet increasing demand for higher reliability in power electronics converters applicable in electric vehicles, fault detection (FD) is an important part of the control algorithm. In this paper, a model based open transistor fault diagnosis method is presented for a voltage-source inverter (VSI) supplying a five-phase PM motor drive. To realize this goal, a model based observer is designed to estimate model parameters. After that, the estimated parameters are used to design a sliding mode observer (SMO) in order to estimate the phase current in an ideal model. Subsequently, the proposed FD technique measures the similarity between the estimated current and real current using cross correlation factor. This factor is used for the first time in this paper to define a FD index in VSI. The presented FD scheme is simple and fast; also, it is able to detect multiple open switch or open phase faults in contrast to conventional methods. On the other side, in order to track reference current of the motor, the estimated parameters are used to design a proportional resonant (PR) controller. The FD technique is used to operate a multiphase fault-tolerant brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive. Experimental results on a five-phase BLDC motor with in-wheel outer rotor applicable in electrical vehicles are conducted to validate the theory. Keyword – fault diagnosis, multiphase fault-tolerant BLDC motor drive, sliding mode observer, cross correlation. Page 13 of 56 IET Review Copy Only IET Power Electronics