Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral absorption profiles of sulfonamides in Shiba goats: a comparison among sulfadimidine, sulfadiazine and sulfanilamide

The oral pharmacokinetics of three sulfonamides, sulfadimidine (pKa 7.5), sulfadiazine (pKa 6.5) and sulfanilamide (pKa 10.5), with different rates of unionization in rumen juice, were compared in Shiba goats to clarify the relationship between drug absorption profiles after their oral administration as well as their degree of unionization in the rumen. Sulfonamides were administered either into the left jugular vein or orally to five male goats at doses of 10 mg/kg body weight, using a crossover design with at least a 3-week washout period. The Tmax of sulfadimidine, sulfadiazine and sulfanilamide reached 2.0 ± 1.2, 6.0 ± 0.0, and 7.8 ± 1.6 hr, respectively, after their oral administration, and this was followed by their slow elimination due to a slow rate of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The MAT and t1/2ka of sulfadiazine (13.2 ± 2.0 and 10.9 ± 1.08 hr) were significantly longer than those of sulfanilamide (9.09 ± 1.67 and 7.46 ± 1.70 hr) and sulfadimidine (7.52 ± 0.85 and 5.17 ± 0.66 hr). These results suggest that the absorption rates of highly unionized drugs (such as sulfanilamide and sulfadimidine) from the forestomach of goats may be markedly higher than less unionized ones (such as sulfadiazine). The mean oral bioavailability of sulfadiazine was high (83.9 ± 17.0%), whereas those of sulfadimidine and sulfanilamide were low (44.9 ± 16.4% and 49.2 ± 2.11%, respectively).
Advancing the next generation of handover research and practice with cognitive load theory

Improving patient safety during handovers has become a public health priority.1 Over the past decade, a number of best practices have emerged, which, taken together, represent the first generation of handover interventions. Largely adapted from industries (such as aviation and railroad) in which transition errors have high consequences,2 these first-generation best practices aim to reduce information loss and distortion via structured communication protocols such as face-to-face and written sign-out that use mnemonics and standardised templates, interactive questioning and distraction-free environments.1 These efforts have been fruitful. Interventions that bundle these practices have yielded improvements in educational and clinical outcomes.3 Yet, while these protocols improve safety, handovers still remain an important source of medical error and potential harm to patients. Accordingly, we must now choose how best to identify strategies that improve upon these first-generation interventions. In our view, since handovers are a complex cognitive task, these efforts will require deeper appreciation of human cognitive abilities. The sender and receiver must simultaneously apply and integrate multiple sets of (clinical, communication and systems) knowledge, skills and attitudes into one, time-limited and highly constrained activity.4 As a result, the task demands can easily exceed the information-processing capacity of the clinicians, resulting in impaired learning and performance, errors and harm to the patient.5 To date, handover research and practice has not explicitly applied cognitive theories of learning and information processing to address these cognitive limitations. One such theory, cognitive load theory (CLT), has received increased attention in the medical education literature,5 ,6 and, in a recent study, has been used to unpack the complexity of handovers.7 By highlighting the constraints of human beings’ working memory, we believe that CLT identifies specific cognitive limitations highly relevant to handovers, and can help guide a second generation of handover …
Caenorhabditis elegans Semi-Automated Liquid Screen Reveals a Specialized Role for the Chemotaxis Gene cheB2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections in a variety of animal and plant hosts. Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple model with which one can identify bacterial virulence genes. Previous studies with C. elegans have shown that depending on the growth medium, P. aeruginosa provokes different pathologies: slow or fast killing, lethal paralysis and red death. In this study, we developed a high-throughput semi-automated liquid-based assay such that an entire genome can readily be scanned for virulence genes in a short time period. We screened a 2,200-member STM mutant library generated in a cystic fibrosis airway P. aeruginosa isolate, TBCF10839. Twelve mutants were isolated each showing at least 70% attenuation in C. elegans killing. The selected mutants had insertions in regulatory genes, such as a histidine kinase sensor of two-component systems and a member of the AraC family, or in genes involved in adherence or chemotaxis. One mutant had an insertion in a cheB gene homologue, encoding a methylesterase involved in chemotaxis (CheB2). The cheB2 mutant was tested in a murine lung infection model and found to have a highly attenuated virulence. The cheB2 gene is part of the chemotactic gene cluster II, which was shown to be required for an optimal mobility in vitro. In P. aeruginosa, the main player in chemotaxis and mobility is the chemotactic gene cluster I, including cheB1. We show that, in contrast to the cheB2 mutant, a cheB1 mutant is not attenuated for virulence in C. elegans whereas in vitro motility and chemotaxis are severely impaired. We conclude that the virulence defect of the cheB2 mutant is not linked with a global motility defect but that instead the cheB2 gene is involved in a specific chemotactic response, which takes place during infection and is required for P. aeruginosa pathogenicity.
Solution-Processed, Low-Voltage Polycrystalline Organic Field-Effect Transistor Fabricated Using Highly Ordered Liquid Crystal With Low- $k$  Gate Dielectric

Low-voltage operable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) of 2-decyl-7-phenyl-[1] benzothieno[3,2-b][1] benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-10) with low-k polystyrene/SiO2 hybrid gate dielectric are fabricated using highly ordered smectic E (SmE) liquid crystalline phase. SmE phase helps organic molecules form a well-aligned crystalline thin film during spin-coating process and gives it high thermal stability. Low-k gate dielectric is especially favorable for practical device applications, because it decreases parasitic capacitance in the device circuitry, leading to low-power dissipation. Despite the polycrystalline nature of Ph-BTBT-10 and low-k gate dielectric, the solution-processed, bottom-gate, bottom-contact Ph-BTBT-10 OFET exhibits saturation mobility up to 4.9 cm2/(V · s) with the subthreshold swing of 79 mV/decade, which is very close to the theoretical limit of 60 mV/decade at room temperature. These outstanding characteristics can be attributed to the asymmetric molecule structure of Ph-BTBT-10, which forms a bilayer structure with quasi-2-D growth mode that allows for excellent carrier transport properties with little effect of grain boundaries.
Automatic generation of structural building descriptions from 3D point cloud scans

We present a new method for automatic semantic structuring of 3D point clouds representing buildings. In contrast to existing approaches which either target the outside appearance like the facade structure or rather low-level geometric structures, we focus on the building's interior using indoor scans to derive high-level architectural entities like rooms and doors. Starting with a registered 3D point cloud, we probabilistically model the affiliation of each measured point to a certain room in the building. We solve the resulting clustering problem using an iterative algorithm that relies on the estimated visibilities between any two locations within the point cloud. With the segmentation into rooms at hand, we subsequently determine the locations and extents of doors between adjacent rooms. In our experiments, we demonstrate the feasibility of our method by applying it to synthetic as well as to real-world data.
Mobile TV: the search for a holy grail that isn't

While Mobile TV has been proposed as a killer application for telecom operators, market success has so far been limited. While UMTS and DVB-H offered insufficient quality mobile TV services and/or lack of interesting content, WiFi and LTE based smartphone apps may finally deliver the promise. In this paper, we report on a field study that has been conducted on developing and testing a mobile TV app for smartphones. The application offers not only mobile TV content, but also the ability to scroll through broadcasts seamlessly and share fragments with social peers. We collected unique log data on usage of the mobile TV app by a group of stakeholders in the media sector. We found that mobile TV is mainly used for short viewing sessions (i.e. on average three minutes), but that there are also great differences between users. In a second study, we surveyed the potential interest of the broader public in mobile TV in general. We found that users are only willing to adopt mobile TV if they are convinced that it would replace their current use of digital or internet TV.
Invariance principle for transportation network

Traffic signal control strategies concern generally two distinct objectives: the prevention or reduction of the congestion. Traffic congestion appears when the traffic demand exceeds the capacity of the network. In this case, some lanes of the network are saturated and consequently an overflow occurs at some intersections. In this paper, we show that congestion can be avoided by forcing the number of vehicles to not exceed the level corresponding to the optimal operational traffic of each lane. By using the concept of positive invariance and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), we derive a state feedback traffic light control law that achieves our objective and at the same time respecting both the constraints of state and control variables. The results of the simulations indicate that our control strategy guarantees a high degree of control benefit.
Crystal structure of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]quinazolin-4(3H)-one

The title compound consists of a substituted 2-[(E)-2-arylethenyl]-3-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-one skeleton. The substituents at the ethylene fragment are located in trans positions. In the crystal, molecules are connected via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming a 21 helix propagating along the a-axis direction.
A Clash of Social Class Cultures? Students' Experiences in a Discussion-Intensive Seventh-Grade Mathematics Classroom

In this study, as a teacher-researcher, I explored the ways in which a pedagogy (based in part on the Connected Mathematics Project, a curriculum development project involving problem-centered materials) aligned with current mathematics education reforms played out with a socioeconomically diverse group of 18 seventh-grade students in 1 class. This article's focus is on students' experiences with whole-class discussions, with particular attention to the cases of 6 girls. Data, which were collected across 1 school year, included 3 interviews with students, student survey responses, student work, daily audio recordings, and my teaching journal. Analyses showed that, although high-socioeconomic status (SES) students generally viewed the discussions as a helpful forum for exchanging ideas, more lower-SES students said they became confused by conflicting ideas and preferred more teacher direction. Additionally, lower-SES students more often focused on giving correct answers to specific, contextualized problems, whereas higher-SES students seemed to approach discussions with an eye toward the underlying, abstract mathematical ideas. I examined critical links between current reforms and literatures on social class, which suggested that some characteristics of discussion-intensive mathematics classrooms might be more aligned with middle-class cultures.
High dynamic environment sequence sampling

In this paper, we propose a novel method for high dynamic environment sequence sampling. Without future frame information, our approach achieves temporal coherence by mapping sampling information from previous frame to current frame based on temporal superpixels. However, temporal superpixels have unbalanced importance for rendering, although light regions in environment sequences can be tracked across frames. To solve this issue, we develop an adaptive merge-and-split scheme to adjust sample segments to achieve a more importance-balanced sample distribution. Compared with several state-of-the-art methods, our approach gets consistently improved rendering quality across environment sequences. Experiment results also show decent temporal coherence of our approach in sequence rendering.
Napoleon, Nostalgia and Number Plates: An Analysis of the Reactions to the Attali Commission's Proposal to Abolish the French Département

Soon into his term as President, Nicolas Sarkozy commissioned Jacques Attali, former adviser to François Mitterrand, to investigate ways to ‘free up’ economic growth. Decision 260 of the report published in February 2008 recommended doing away with the French department completely. The report reignited a decades-long debate about streamlining the levels of France's public administration. Drawing on websites and internet blogs, including Attali's own, this article examines civil society reactions to the proposal, uncovering diverse and conflicting attitudes towards the department, while revealing it to be the most ‘accessible’ expression of the Republic, bound up with the self. In many senses, this artificial political construct, purposely created to bear no reference to history or belonging, has paradoxically become a significant carrier of French culture and territorial identity.
Adsorption Behavior of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions on Thiourea Cross-Linked Chitosan with Fe(III) as Template

A new type of thiourea cross-linked chitosan with Fe(III) as template (TCCTS template) was synthesized. The adsorption of Fe(II) and Fe(III) on this TCCTS template was studied. The factors affecting adsorption such as pH and contact time were considered. The results showed that the optimum pH value for adsorption was pH = 5.0 and the adsorption equilibrium time was about 60 min. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated, and the equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo second-order model could describe adsorption process better than the pseudo first-order model. Results also showed that TCCTS template was a favourable adsorbent for Fe(II) and Fe(III) in aqueous solution.
Liposome-siRNA-Peptide Complexes Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier and Significantly Decrease PrPC on Neuronal Cells and PrPRES in Infected Cell Cultures

Background Recent advances toward an effective therapy for prion diseases employ RNA interference to suppress PrPC expression and subsequent prion neuropathology, exploiting the phenomenon that disease severity and progression correlate with host PrPC expression levels. However, delivery of lentivirus encoding PrP shRNA has demonstrated only modest efficacy in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we describe a new siRNA delivery system incorporating a small peptide that binds siRNA and acetylcholine receptors (AchRs), acting as a molecular messenger for delivery to neurons, and cationic liposomes that protect siRNA-peptide complexes from serum degradation. Conclusions/Significance Liposome-siRNA-peptide complexes (LSPCs) delivered PrP siRNA specifically to AchR-expressing cells, suppressed PrPC expression and eliminated PrPRES formation in vitro. LSPCs injected intravenously into mice resisted serum degradation and delivered PrP siRNA throughout the brain to AchR and PrPC-expressing neurons. These data promote LSPCs as effective vehicles for delivery of PrP and other siRNAs specifically to neurons to treat prion and other neuropathological diseases.
Purification and characterization of the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor (Maire) orton

The NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.2) from Laccaria bicolor was purified 410-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with a 40% recovery through a three-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by gel filtration was 470 kDa, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave rise to a single band of 116 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme is composed of four identical subunits. The enzyme was specific for NAD(H). The pH optima were 7.4 and 8.8 for the amination and deamination reactions, respectively. The enzyme was found to be highly unstable, with virtually no activity after 20 days at -75 degrees C, 4 days at 4 degrees C, and 1 h at 50 degrees C. The addition of ammonium sulfate improved greatly the stability of the enzyme and full activity was still observed after several months at -75 degrees C. NAD-GDH activity was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ but strongly inhibited by Cu2+ and slightly by the nucleotides AMP, ADP, and ATP. The Michaelis constants for NAD, NADH, 2-oxoglutarate, and ammonium were 282 &mgr;M, 89 &mgr;M, 1.35 mM, and 37 mM, respectively. The enzyme had a negative cooperativity for glutamate (Hill number of 0.3), and its Km value increased from 0.24 to 3.6 mM when the glutamate concentration exceeded 1 mM. These affinity constants of the substrates, compared with those of the NADP-GDH of the fungus, suggest that the NAD-GDH is mainly involved in the catabolism of glutamate, while the NADP-GDH is involved in the catalysis of this amino acid. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997 Academic Press
Tokenization and proper noun recognition for information retrieval

In this paper we consider a set of natural language processing techniques that can be used to analyze large amounts of texts, focusing on the advanced tokenizer which accounts for a number of complex linguistic phenomena, as well as for pre-tagging tasks such as proper noun recognition. We also show the results of several experiments performed in order to study the impact of the strategy chosen for the recognition of proper nouns.
Detecting Disease Associations due to Linkage Disequilibrium Using Haplotype Tags: A Class of Tests and the Determinants of Statistical Power

In the ‘indirect’ method of detecting genetic associations between a trait and a DNA variant, we type several markers in a gene or chromosome region of linkage disequilibrium. If there is association between markers and the trait, we presume the existence of one or more causal polymorphisms in the region. In order to obtain a sufficiently dense set of markers it will almost always be necessary to use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although there is an emerging literature on methods for choosing an optimal set of ‘haplotype tag SNPs’ (htSNPs) to detect association between a genetic region and a trait, less attention has been given to the problem of how such studies should be analysed when completed, and how the initial data which was used to select the htSNPs should be incorporated into the analysis. This paper discusses this problem for both population – and family-based association studies. The role of the R2 measure of association between a causal locus and various methods of scoring of marker haplotypes is highlighted. In most cases, the simplest method of scoring (locus coding), which does not require phase resolution, is shown generally to be more powerful than scoring methods that include haplotype information. A new ‘multi-locus TDT’ is also proposed.
Designing an EMR Planning Process Based on Staff Attitudes Toward and Opinions About Computers in Healthcare

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems have been in use for more than 2 decades. Studies documenting nursing satisfaction with an EMR system, the benefits of an EMR, implementation barriers, user acceptance, the importance of staff buy-in, and the importance of attitudes toward and expectations from user buy-in are in the literature. Central to many studies is the importance of nursing staff buy-in to the successful implementation and ongoing use of an EMR, as well as the dependency of buy-in on staff attitudes and expectations. Buy-in is a precursor to effective use. Consequently, staff buy-in is a prerequisite to collecting and making optimum use of the data contained in an EMR. Data collected from an EMR containing rich, accurate documentation of nursing interventions and patient responses support evidence-based practice changes and documentation of the import of the care provided by nurses.
Neonatal recognition of the mother's face

Three experiments are described which investigated the ability of neonates to discriminate between the face of their mother and that of a strange adult female and to show face recognition. The first experiment indicated a reliable preference for the mother's face even where a control for olfactory information was used. No evidence for any effect of sex or breast vs. bottle feeding was found. A second experiment used the same procedure but substituted a visual mask for the olfactory one previously adopted. Under these conditions no evidence of preference was found. Finally, a third experiment considered the possibility that mothers were actively recruiting their own infant's attention and found that adult observers were unable reliably to distinguish mothers from strangers on the basis of any differential behaviour by mother and stranger. The conclusion is drawn that neonates can recognize their mother on the basis of visual clues alone and that these cues relate to memory for featural attributes of the mother's face rather than to attention-recruiting behaviour on her part.
Pose Estimation and Structure Recovery from Point Pairs

This paper presents a new feature point pairs based technique for object pose estimation and structure recovery from a single view. It first estimates rotational matrix independently, then computes translation vector and recovers the 3D structure of the object directly. Linear and nonlinear strategies are presented to estimate the rotational matrix. One is for small rotational motion and the other is used to estimate large rotational parameters. When the nonlinear technique is applied, its initial guesses are given automatically by the proposed linear estimation method. On the other hand, the presented structure recovery method is not sensitive to the rotational matrix estimation results. The proposed method is applicable to three, four or more feature points and has no constraints, such as collinear or coplanar, on their relative positions. As the number of feature points increases, the estimation results are improved while the computation cost is almost unchanged. Many experiments are performed on synthetic data and real images to demonstrate the presented technique.
Recruitment to School Teaching: The Relationship Between High School Plans and Early Adult Attainments

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, this paper examines the relationship between teaching plans and actually embarking on a teaching career. Results show that almost half the NLS respondents holding teaching positions in 1979 did not report teaching plans in high school, whereas three-fourths of the seniors who planned to teach were not teaching 7 years after high school graduation. Discriminant analysis is used to identify a set of background characteristics, demographic traits, and academic ability measures that distinguish different paths toward, into, and away from a career in teaching. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.