Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Study of Unstructured P2P Overlay for Multimedia Streaming

P2P overlay potentially provides an efficient routing architecture that is self-organizing, massively scalable, and robust in a wide area. To improve the requesting nodes' QoS routing and to reduce the bandwidth and processing consumption of the nodes in a P2P system, three correlative requirements should be considered and satisfied: (1) to make system structure to be scalable, (2) to locate and route information at a low cost and efficiently without global view of the system, (3) to make the overlay robust in front of the dynamic topologies. However, not all P2P systems are compatible with multimedia streaming. Unstructured systems are designed more specifically than structured systems for the heterogeneous Internet environment, where the nodes' persistence and availability are not guaranteed. In this paper, three correlative standards for evaluating the compatibility of a P2P system with multimedia streaming are presented. A detailed measurement study of three popular unstructured P2P overlays and our overlay called MPO is performed. Our method is to analyze performances of classical searching algorithms in various overlays. Key factors in content locations including scalability, query success rate, query messages, cost, disturbed times and fault tolerance are considered carefully. The simulation results show some characteristics in unstructured P2P overlay and prove that MPO is a highly efficient, low cost and fault tolerant overlay and a good structure for applications in multimedia streaming.
A New View of Multi-User Hybrid Massive MIMO: Angle Division Multiple Access

This paper introduces a new view of multi-user (MU) hybrid ma ssive multiple-input and multipleoutput (MIMO) systems from array signal processing perspec tiv . We analyze a time division duplex massive MIMO system where the base station (BS) is equipped w ith a uniform linear array and each user has a single antenna, and show that the instantaneouschannel vectors corresponding to different users are asymptotically orthogonal as the number of antenn as at the BS goes large when the angles of arrival (AOAs) of users are different. Applying the discr ete Fourier transform (DFT), the cosineof AOA can be estimated with a resolution inverse proportional to the number of antenna at the BS, and this resolution can be enhanced via zero padding technique w ith fast Fourier transform (FFT). We then decompose the channel matrix into an angle domain basis matr ix and the corresponding channel matrix. The former can be formulated by steering vectors and the latt r has the same size as the number of RF chains, which perfectly matches the structure of hybrid p ecoding. Hence, the MU massive MIMO system with the proposed hybrid precoding can be viewed as an gle division multiple access (ADMA), either orthogonal or non-orthogonal, to simultaneously se rve multiple users at the same frequency band. Based on the new view of hybrid massive MIMO, a novel hybrid ch annel estimation is designed and can save much overhead compared to the conventional beam cyc ling method. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is validated by computer simulation r esults. H. Lin is with the Department of Electrical and Information S ystems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan (e-mail: hai.lin@ieee.or g) F. Gao is with Department of Automation, Tsinghua Universit y, State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and T echnology (TNList) Beijing, P. R. China (e-mail: feifeigao @ieee.org). S. Jin is with the National Communications Research Laborat ory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China (ema il: jinshi@seu.edu.cn). Geoffrey Ye Li is with the School of Electrical and Computer E ngineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA (email: liye@ece.gatech.edu) February 10, 2017 DRAFT
Evoked potential tests in clinical diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Evoked potentials are used to detect conduction disturbances in the central nervous system. This paper provides an overview of the areas in which evoked potentials are used in clinical neurophysiological diagnostics, with the emphasis on coma and demyelinating disease. METHOD The article is based on a literature search in PubMed and the authors' long experience of neurological and neurophysiological diagnostics. RESULTS Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) can be a reliable predictor of failure to regain consciousness as early as 24 hours after anoxic coma has occurred. If coma is caused by a brain trauma, cerebrovascular episode or other neurological disease, information about which sensory brainstem pathways are damaged can be obtained from somatosensory evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), which can also be useful for planning rehabilitation. Normal SEP and BAEP findings in cases of coma caused by trauma are associated with a favourable prognosis. Visually evoked potential (VEP) can often reveal signs of a history of optic neuritis. SEP and BAEP can also reveal subclinical lesions in the central nervous system and be a supplementary diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis. INTERPRETATION The clinical value of SEP and BAEP is high in coma cases. Evoked potentials are also important in intraoperative monitoring. The clinical value of VEP is high when a history of optic neuritis is a deciding factor for a multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Some selected patients who are being assessed for demyelinating disease will benefit from a full EP study.
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes of Chronic Smoker

Objective The risks of cigarette smoking concerning higher systemic disease mortality are lessened by smoking cessation. Methods Microarray analysis compared the expression profiles of smokers who were successful and not successful at smoking cessation, with the goal of identifying genes that might serve as potential biomarkers or that might be valuable in elucidating distinct biological mechanisms. The mRNAs were isolated and compared from peripheral leukocytes of six smokers who were successful in cessation and six smokers who failed in smoking cessation. Results Two hundred ninety nine genes displayed significantly different expression; 196 genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated in the success group compared to the failure group. Twenty four of these genes were identified with biological processes including immunity, cytoskeleton and cell growth/cycle. Real-time PCR confirmed the differential gene expression. The mRNA levels of HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2) and tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) were significantly more expressed in the success group, while the mRNA ubiquitin specific peptides 18 (USP18) were significantly less expressed in the success group compared to the failure group. Conclusion The results suggest that smoking cessation can modulate cell adhesion and immune response by regulating expression levels of genes, especially HEPACAM2, TMOD1 and USP18, which have an important relationship with smoking cessation.
An introduction to the Beetle Forth virtual processor

Beetle is a virtual processor designed for the Forth language. It uses a modified, byte-stream code designed for efficient execution which is binary portable between implementations. It has been implemented in C and assembler. The C implementation is completely machine independent with the exception of interactive input and output; the assembler version runs the supplied Forth compiler at up to half the speed of the corresponding native code compiler and generates more compact code. Beetle is designed to be embedded in other programs; a simple debugger has been written to demonstrate this ability. Beetle can be configured to perform bounds checking on all memory references. A standard library is implemented; access to native code routines is also possible, allowing Forth and C programs to call each other.
Exploiting Commodity Multicore Systems for Network Traffic Analysis

The current trend in computer processors is towards multicore systems. Although operating systems have been adapted long time ago to support multi-processing, kernel network layers have not yet taken advantage of this new technology. The result is that packet capture, the cornerstone of every network monitoring application, is not efficient on modern system and its performance gets worse with the number of cores. This paper describes common pitfalls of network monitoring applications when used with multicore systems, and presents solutions to these problems. In addition, it covers the design and implementation of a new multicore-aware packet capture kernel module that enables monitoring applications to scale with the number of cores, contrary to what happens in most operating systems.
Hybrid electrical energy storage systems

Electrical energy is a high quality form of energy that can be easily converted to other forms of energy with high efficiency and, even more importantly, it can be used to control lower grades of energy quality with ease. However, building a cost-effective electrical energy storage (EES) system is a challenging task despite steady advances in the design and manufacturing of EES elements including various battery and supercapacitor technologies. As of today, no single type of EES element fulfills high energy density, high power delivery capacity, low cost per unit of storage, long cycle life, low leakage, and so on at the same time. Unlike conventional EES systems, we introduce a HEES (hybrid EES) system comprising heterogeneous EES elements. Our proposed HEES system builds on the concepts of computer memory system architecture and management in order to achieve the attributes of an ideal EES system through appropriate allocation and organization of various types of EES elements. We also introduce a HEES design considerations which should be taken into account to optimize the amortized cost for the system, including the initial cost (cost per capacity), the operating cost (efficiency), the maintenance cost (cycle life and disposal cost), and so forth.
Road Intersection Monitoring from Video with Large Perspective Deformation

The authors propose a method to extract traffic information from videos of road intersections, taken from a low-resolution camera fixed 2 to 7m above ground. First, feature points are detected and tracked with the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracker to obtain trajectories. These trajectories are then segmented into groups corresponding to vehicles so that the vehicle’s path, velocity, time of entry and exit can be determined.
Backplane equalization comparison for 10-Gb/s data communication with 0.25-μm SiGe BiCMOS and 0.18-μm CMOS feed-forward equalizers

Two feed-forward equalizers are designed to improve high data rate signal transmission in backplanes. They are fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS and 0.25-mum SiGe BiCMOS technology respectively. The system specification for the two equalizers is similar and they both address 10-Gb/s data rate transmission. Analog multiplier cells, active delay units and output buffers comprise the building blocks of each FFE. A comparison of the two equalizers is conducted with reference to design topology. The impact of technology on key performance parameters such as delay and gain is discussed. When a 10-Gb/s non-return to zero signal is received through a 20-inch backplane, it is found that both equalizers successfully improve signal integrity by channel equalization. The BiCMOS FFE exhibits better performance as compared to the CMOS FFE but also dissipates more DC power.
The Polyextreme Ecosystem, Salar de Huasco at the Chilean Altiplano of the Atacama Desert Houses Diverse Streptomyces spp. with Promising Pharmaceutical Potentials

Salar de Huasco at the Chilean Altiplano of the Atacama Desert is considered a polyextreme environment, where solar radiation, salinity and aridity are extremely high and occur simultaneously. In this study, a total of 76 bacterial isolates were discovered from soil samples collected at two different sites in the east shoreline of Salar de Huasco, including H0 (base camp next to freshwater stream in the north part) and H6 (saline soils in the south part). All isolated bacteria were preliminarily identified using some of their phenotypic and genotypic data into the genera Streptomyces (86%), Nocardiopsis (9%), Micromonospora (3%), Bacillus (1%), and Pseudomonas (1%). Streptomyces was found dominantly in both sites (H0 = 19 isolates and H6 = 46 isolates), while the other genera were found only in site H0 (11 isolates). Based on the genotypic and phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequences of all Streptomyces isolates, 18% (12 isolates) revealed <98.7% identity of the gene sequences compared to those in the publicly available databases and were determined as highly possibly novel species. Further studies suggested that many Streptomyces isolates possess the nonribosomal peptide synthetases-coding gene, and some of which could inhibit growth of at least two test microbes (i.e., Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi) and showed also the cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma and or mouse fibroblast cell lines. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of these Streptomyces isolates were highly dependent upon the nutrients used for their cultivation. Moreover, the HPLC-UV-MS profiles of metabolites produced by the selected Streptomyces isolates unveiled apparent differences when compared to the public database of existing natural products. With our findings, the polyextreme environments like Salar de Huasco are promising sources for exploring novel and valuable bacteria with pharmaceutical potentials.
Taking Targets to Task Revisited: How Indicators of Progress on Access to Education can Mislead. CREATE Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 54.

"Education for All" (EFA) identifies goals and targets and translates these into indicators which are used to evaluate progress and influence flows of external financing. The search for evidence based policy depends on measures of performance that can link cause and effect and that represent real gains in progress towards desired outcomes. However, the indicators widely used for access to education have serious problems. Gross and Net Enrolment Rates (GERs and NERs) are widely used to assess participation, but their changing values can provide misleading signals to policy makers. Grade specific enrolment and completion rates may be better but are silent on issues of quality and achievement. Gender Parity Indices (GPIs) foreground differences related to children's sex but often aggregate and conceal underlying patterns of participation (by age, location, household income) and may make invisible seriously unequal numbers of boys and girls in populations. The Education for All Development Index (EDI) suffers from being a highly aggregated composite index which is difficult to interpret and of limited use since changes over time are often within its margins of error. This paper selects some of the key indicators used for EFA and offers an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. Improved target setting with better indicators is needed which gives a more nuanced understanding of what indicators do and do not measure.
The impact of chest tube removal on pain and pulmonary function after pulmonary resection.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the immediate influence of chest tube removal on chest pain and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after pulmonary resection. METHODS Prospective longitudinal investigation on 104 consecutive patients (53 wedge/segmentectomies and 51 lobectomies; 69 muscle and nerve-sparing lateral thoracotomy and 35 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)). Post-operative chest pain was controlled in all patients by a standardized combination of oral and intravenous non-opioid analgesics. All patients had one chest tube (24 French). Static and dynamic (after forced expiratory effort) pain and FEV1 were assessed before and 1 h after the chest tube removal by the same operator. No additional analgesics were administered before or after the chest tube removal. The pain level was assessed by the numeric pain scale [range: 0 (no pain)-10 (excruciating pain)]. FEV1 was assessed by a portable spirometer. Bronchodilators were not used in these patients. Pre- and post-removal measurements were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS The average pre-removal static and dynamic pain scores were 2.6 and 4.1, respectively. The static and dynamic pain scores decreased by 42 and 41%, respectively, after the tube removal (P < 0.0001). The average FEV1 before the chest tube removal was 1.5 l or 53% of the predicted value and increased by 13% after the tube removal (P = 0.0004). In total, 56 and 78% of patients reported static and dynamic pain scores improvement and 67% showed an FEV1 improvement after the chest tube removal. Similar results were observed in patients operated on through VATS or thoracotomy. Compared with patients whose chest tube was removed later, those who had their chest tube removed before post operative day 3 (POD3), showed a greater reduction in the static pain score (41 vs. 31%, P = 0.05) and greater improvement in FEV1 (18 vs. 0.01%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The removal of a chest tube reduces pain and improves ventilatory function, independent of surgical access and particularly in the early post-operative phase. A fast track chest tube removal policy may favour patients' recovery.
Complementing WordNet with Roget’s and Corpus-based Thesauri for Information Retrieval

This paper proposes a method to overcome the drawbacks of WordNet when applied to information retrieval by complementing it with Roget's thesaurus and corpus-derived thesauri. Words and relations which are not included in WordNet can be found in the corpus-derived thesauri. Effects of polysemy can be minimized with weighting method considering all query terms and all of the thesauri. Experimental results show that our method enhances information retrieval performance significantly.
Evaluating Progress in Probabilistic Programming through Topic Models

Topic models have proven versatile over the past decade, particularly as partial embeddings within more intricate models. These models present challenges that are analytic, computational and engineering in nature. Advances in probabilistic programming have the potential to circumvent a number of these issues, but researchers need a way to coarsely evaluate these frameworks. We identify three axes of a successful framework and argue that computational efficiency of straight LDA provides one such lens. We provide and release a modular open-source testbed to systematically capture one aspect of current probabilistic programming and discuss initial results on both heavily-controlled and “real” data.
2 Using Threshold Logic for Pairwise Prediction

Inferring the network structure of gene regulatory networks is one of the most important problems in contemporary bioinformatics. We analyze different methodologies for inferring small to very large sized gene networks. We use the datasets of DREAM 3 in-silico network challenge that is provided online [1]. The challenge involves inferring primarily the network structure from steady state gene expressions, knockout and knockdown and time-series data for gene networks of size 10, 50 and 100. The basis for all such inference methodologies in gene networks is the assumption that the network is sparse [2],[3]. We look at three formulations that involve time series data and knockout data. We propose a heuristic for inference from knock out data only that provides reasonably good results on the datasets. We also compare the performance of our heuristic with that of other top teams and the results indicate that our proposed methodology fares in the top three rankings consistently.
Combining Long-term and Low-Rate Short-term Channel State Information over Correlated MIMO Channels

A simple structure to exploit both long-term and partial short-term channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) over a family of correlated multipleantenna channels is proposed. Partial short-term CSIT in the form of a weighting matrix is combined with a unitary transformation based on the long-term channel statistics. The heavily quantized feedback link is directly optimized to maximize the expected achievable rate under different power constraints, using vector quantization and convex optimization techniques on a sample channel distribution. Robustness against errors in the feedback link is also pursued with tools in channel optimized vector quantization. Simulations indicate the benefits of the proposed scheme.
Tight bound on coherent-state-based entanglement generation over lossy channels

The first stage of the hybrid quantum repeaters is entanglement generation based on transmission of pulses in coherent states over a lossy channel. Protocols to make entanglement with only one type of error are favorable for rendering subsequent entanglement distillation efficient. Here we provide the tight upper bound on performances of these protocols that is determined only by the channel loss. In addition, we show that this bound is achievable by utilizing a proposed protocol [K. Azuma, N. Sota, R. Namiki, S. K. Oezdemir, T. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, and N. Imoto, Phys. Rev. A 80, 060303(R) (2009)] composed of a simple combination of linear optical elements and photon-number-resolving detectors.
Fractional branes on a non-compact orbifold

Fractional branes on the non-compact orbifold 3/5 are studied. First, the boundary state description of the fractional branes are obtained. The open-string Witten index calculated using these states reproduces the adjacency matrix of the quiver of 5. Then, using the toric crepant resolution of the orbifold 3/5 and invoking the local mirror principle, B-type branes wrapped on the holomorphic cycles of the resolution are studied. The boundary states corresponding to the five fractional branes are identified as bound states of BPS D-branes wrapping the 0-, 2- and 4-cycles in the exceptional divisor of the resolution of 3/5.
Digitalis‐Induced Bundle‐Branch Ventricular Tachycardia Studied by Electrode Catheter Recordings of the Specialized Conducting Tissues of the Dog

Electrode catheter recordings of the bundle of His (H), the right bundle branch (RB) and the left bundle branch (LB) were obtained in 15 dogs without thoracotomy during sinus rhythm and digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia. During sinus rhythm an H-RB-LB sequence was recorded. This sequence was unchanged during atrial stimulation at rapid rates or during cardiac slowing by vagal stimulation. In 10 of 15 cases of digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia the LB potential preceded the onset of ventricular depolarization (QRS), and an LB-H-RB sequence was recorded. These findings indicated that during ventricular tachycardia the pacemaker was located in the left bundle branch and the bundle of His was retrogradely depolarized. In 5 of 15 cases of digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia the H, LB and RB potentials were recorded after the onset of ventricular depolarization. These findings suggested that the pacemaker was located in the Purkinje fibers.