Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hollow Fiber Space Suit Water Membrane Evaporator Development for Lunar Missions

The Space Suit Water Membrane Evaporator (SWME) is the baseline heat rejection technology selected for development for the Constellation lunar suit. The Hollow Fiber (HoFi) SWME is being considered for service in the Constellation Space Suit Element (CSSE) Portable Life Support Subsystem (PLSS) to provide cooling to the thermal loop through water evaporation to the vacuum of space. Previous work described the test methodology and planning to compare the test performance of three commercially available hollow fiber materials as alternatives to the sheet membrane prototype for SWME: 1) porous hydrophobic polypropylene, 2) porous hydrophobic polysulfone, and 3) ion exchange through nonporous hydrophilic modified Nafion. Contamination tests were performed to probe for sensitivities of the candidate SWME elements to organics and non-volative inorganics expected to be found in the target feedwater source, i.e., potable water provided by the vehicle. The resulting presence of precipitate in the coolant water could plug pores and tube channels and affect the SWME performance. From this prior work, a commercial porous hydrophobic hollow fiber was selected to satisfy both the sensitivity question and the need to provide 800 W of heat rejection. This paper describes the trade studies, the design methodology, and the hollow fiber test data used to design a full
Surface-micromachined 2-D optical scanners with high-performance single-crystalline silicon micromirrors

We have developed a novel batch-fabrication single-crystalline silicon micromirror bonding process to fabricate optically flat micromirrors on polysilicon surface-micromachined two-dimensional (2-D) scanners. The electrostatically actuated 2-D scanner has a mirror area of 460 /spl mu/m/spl times/460 /spl mu/m and an optical scan angle of /spl plusmn/7.5/spl deg/. Compared with micromirror made by standard polysilicon surface-micromachining process, the radius of curvature of the micromirror has been improved by 150 times from 1.8 to 265 cm, with surface roughness <10 nm.
The Survey of Data Mining Applications And Feature Scope

In this paper we have focused a variety of techniques, approaches and different areas of the research which are helpful and marked as the important field of data mining Technologies. As we are aware that many Multinational companies and large organizations are operated in different places of the different countries.Each place of operation may generate large volumes of data. Corporate decision makers require access from all such sources and take strategic decisions.The data warehouse is used in the significant business value by improving the effectiveness of managerial decision-making. In an uncertain and highly competitive business environment, the value of strategic information systems such as these are easily recognized however in todays business environment,efficiency or speed is not the only key for competitiveness.This type of huge amount of data are available in the form of tera-topeta-bytes which has drastically changed in the areas of science and engineering.To analyze,manage and make a decision of such type of huge amount of data we need techniques called the data mining which will transforming in many fields.This paper imparts more number of applications of the data mining and also focuses scope of the data mining which will helpful in the further research.
Can Carbon Nanotubes Deliver on Their Promise in Biology? Harnessing Unique Properties for Unparalleled Applications

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical sheets of hexagonally ordered carbon atoms, giving tubes with diameters on the order of a few nanometers and lengths typically in the micrometer range. They may be single- or multiwalled (SWCNTs and MWCNTs respectively). Since the seminal report of their synthesis in 1991, CNTs have fascinated scientists of all stripes. Physicists have been intrigued by their electrical, thermal, and vibrational potential. Materials scientists have worked on integrating them into ultrastrong composites and electronic devices, while chemists have been fascinated by the effects of curvature on reactivity and have developed new synthesis and purification techniques. However, to date no large-scale, real-life biotechnological CNT breakthrough has been industrially adopted and it is proving difficult to justify taking these materials forward into the clinic. We believe that these challenges are not the end of the story, but that a viable carbon nanotube biotechnology is one in which the unique properties of nanotubes bring about an effect that would be otherwise impossible. In this Outlook, we therefore seek to reframe the field by highlighting those biological applications in which the singular properties of CNTs provide some entirely new activity or biological effect as a pointer to “what could be”.
An fMRI Analysis of the Human Hippocampus: Inference, Context, and Task Awareness

The hippocampus is critical for encoding and retrieving semantic and episodic memories. Animal studies indicate that the hippocampus is also required for relational learning tasks. A prototypical relational learning task, and the one investigated in this experiment, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, is the transitive inference (TI) task. In the TI task, participants were to choose between A and B (A? B) and learned by trial and error to choose A (A > B). There were four such premise pairs during a training (A > B, B > C, C > D, D > E). These can be acquired distinctly or can be organized into a superordinate hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E), which would efficiently represent all the learned relations and allow inferences (e.g., B > D). At test there was no reinforcement: In addition to premise pairs, untrained pairings were introduced (e.g., A? E, B? D). Correctly inferring that B > D is taken as evidence for the formation of a superordinate hierarchy; several alternatives to the superordinate hierarchy hypothesis are considered. Awareness of the formation of this hierarchy was measured by a postscan questionnaire. Four main findings are reported: (1) Inferential performance and task awareness dissociated behaviorally and at the level of hemodynamic response; (2) As expected, performance on the inferred relation, B > D, corresponded to the ability to simultaneously acquire B > C and C > D premise pairs during training; (3) Interestingly, acquiring these inner pairs corresponded to greater hippocampal activation than the outer pairs (A > B, D > E) for all participants. However, a distinct pattern of hippocampal activity for these inner pairs differentiated those able to perform the inferential discrimination, B > D, at test. Because these inner premise pairs require contextual discrimination (e.g., C is incorrect in the context of B but correct in the context of D), we argue that the TI task is hippocampal-dependent because the premise pair acquisition necessary for inference is hippocampal-dependent; (4) We found B > D related hippocampal activity at test that is anatomically consistent with preconsolidation recall effects shown in other studies.
Foraging success of biological Lévy flights recorded in situ

It is an open question how animals find food in dynamic natural environments where they possess little or no knowledge of where resources are located. Foraging theory predicts that in environments with sparsely distributed target resources, where forager knowledge about resources’ locations is incomplete, Lévy flight movements optimize the success of random searches. However, the putative success of Lévy foraging has been demonstrated only in model simulations. Here, we use high-temporal-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of wandering (Diomedea exulans) and black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophrys) with simultaneous recording of prey captures, to show that both species exhibit Lévy and Brownian movement patterns. We find that total prey masses captured by wandering albatrosses during Lévy movements exceed daily energy requirements by nearly fourfold, and approached yields by Brownian movements in other habitats. These results, together with our reanalysis of previously published albatross data, overturn the notion that albatrosses do not exhibit Lévy patterns during foraging, and demonstrate that Lévy flights of predators in dynamic natural environments present a beneficial alternative strategy to simple, spatially intensive behaviors. Our findings add support to the possibility that biological Lévy flight may have naturally evolved as a search strategy in response to sparse resources and scant information.
The development, validity and application of a new instrument to assess the quality of discharge planning activities from the community perspective.

OBJECTIVE To describe the development, validity and application of a new instrument (PREPARED) for obtaining feedback from community consumers of discharge planning activities. DESIGN Iterative qualitative and quantitative investigations. SETTING The community catchment area of a metropolitan Australian tertiary public hospital. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Patients aged over 65 years, with a range of conditions, recently discharged from hospital, their carers, and hospital nursing staff. ACTIONS PREPARED was constructed from interviews with patients, carers and hospital staff. It was trialed and modified to ensure sensitive measurement of key attributes of discharge planning process and outcome. This paper explores the patient and carer versions of PREPARED. Data items were reduced to domains of key questions by factor analysis. Instrument performance was assessed by correlation of process and outcome measures, by comparing PREPARED responses with subsequent unstructured interview data, and by testing whether PREPARED responses were independent of health-related quality of life at the time of survey. RESULTS Four key process domains were identified: information exchange (community services and equipment), medication management, preparation for coping after discharge and control of discharge circumstances. Outcome was measured as overall satisfaction with discharge, whether equipment and community service needs had been met, use of health services and health related costs post-discharge. The instrument performed well when compared with interview data, the process and outcome domains were largely independent of each other, as were responses to PREPARED and SF-36. CONCLUSIONS PREPARED offers a comprehensive way of closing the quality improvement loop, by providing information from the community perspective on the quality of planning for discharge from the acute hospital setting.
A Multipoint Flux Mixed Finite Element Method on Hexahedra

We develop a mixed finite element method for elliptic problems on hexahedral grids that reduces to cell-centered finite differences. The paper is an extension of our earlier paper for quadrilateral and simplicial grids [M. F. Wheeler and I. Yotov, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 44 (2006), pp. 2082-2106]. The construction is motivated by the multipoint flux approximation method, and it is based on an enhancement of the lowest order Brezzi-Douglas-Duran-Fortin (BDDF) mixed finite element spaces on hexahedra. In particular, there are four fluxes per face, one associated with each vertex. A special quadrature rule is employed that allows for local velocity elimination and leads to a symmetric and positive definite cell-centered system for the pressures. Theoretical and numerical results indicate first-order convergence for pressures and subface fluxes on sufficiently regular grids, as well as second-order convergence for pressures at the cell centers. Second-order convergence for face fluxes is also observed computationally.
Trawling bats exploit an echo-acoustic ground effect

A water surface acts not only as an optic mirror but also as an acoustic mirror. Echolocation calls emitted by bats at low heights above water are reflected away from the bat, and hence the background clutter is reduced. Moreover, targets on the surface create an enhanced echo. Here, we formally quantified the effect of the surface and target height on both target detection and -discrimination in a combined laboratory and field approach with Myotis daubentonii. In a two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm, the bats had to detect a mealworm and discriminate it from an inedible dummy (20 mm PVC disc). Psychophysical performance was measured as a function of height above either smooth surfaces (water or PVC) or above a clutter surface (artificial grass). At low heights above the clutter surface (10, 20, or 35 cm), the bats' detection performance was worse than above a smooth surface. At a height of 50 cm, the surface structure had no influence on target detection. Above the clutter surface, also target discrimination was significantly impaired with decreasing target height. A detailed analysis of the bats' echolocation calls during target approach shows that above the clutter surface, the bats produce calls with significantly higher peak frequency. Flight-path reconstruction revealed that the bats attacked an target from below over water but from above over a clutter surface. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that trawling bats exploit an echo-acoustic ground effect, in terms of a spatio-temporal integration of direct reflections with indirect reflections from the water surface, to optimize prey detection and -discrimination not only for prey on the water but also for some range above.
Passport: Secure and Adoptable Source Authentication

We present the design and evaluation of Passport, a system that allows source addresses to be validated within the network. Passport uses efficient, symmetric-key cryptography to place tokens on packets that allow each autonomous system (AS) along the network path to independently verify that a source address is valid. It leverages the routing system to efficiently distribute the symmetric keys used for verification, and is incrementally deployable without upgrading hosts. We have implemented Passport with Click and XORP and evaluated the design via micro-benchmarking, experiments on the Deterlab, security analysis, and adoptability modeling. We find that Passport is plausible for gigabit links, and can mitigate reflector attacks even without separate denial-of-service defenses. Our adoptability modeling shows that Passport provides stronger security and deployment incentives than alternatives such as ingress filtering. This is because the ISPs that adopt it protect their own addresses from being spoofed at each other's networks even when the over-all deployment is small.
Development of an expert system based on wavelet transform and artificial neural networks for the ripe tomato harvesting robot

Robots can reduce production costs in large-scale greenhouses. For automating the harvest operation, robot should be able to recognize the fruit. This study was conducted with a view to develop a robotic harvesting system that performs recognition of ripe tomato. For this aim, several color images of tomato plants were taken in RGB color model. After analyzing data colors, detection of ripe tomato was done in two steps, first removing background of image and then recognizing ripe tomato from unripe tomato. Removing background was done based on threshold method using R-G equation. The identification of ripe tomato from unripe tomato was performed by integrating image processing and artificial neural network. Image processing was done based on wavelet technique. Energy and correlation were defined as two wavelet features and totally 90 wavelet features were extracted from each tomato. Artificial neural network was used for classification of ripe tomato from unripe tomato. A feed-forward neural network with two hidden layers was developed. The 63% of samples were used in the training stage of neural network, 12% of samples for validation, and testing of the network was performed with 25% of samples. The proposed algorithm could classify ripe tomato and unripe tomato with acceptable accuracies of 95.45% and 90% respectively.
Did Us Safeguard Protection on Steel Affect Market Power of European Steel Producers?

This paper empirically investigates the effects of US safeguard protection on steel imports in 2002 on the mark-ups of EU steel producers. We identify a large panel of European steel producers between 1995 and 2004 affected by the safeguards. Using the Roeger method, our results show that US safeguards significantly reduced EU firms’ mark-ups. Single-product EU steel firms suffered relatively more from the protection than multi-product firms. Controlling for firm heterogeneity, these results are robust to alternative specifications. Our evidence further suggests that US protection resulted in some rerouting of European steel especially towards China, aggravating the situation on the Chinese steel market and ultimately resulting in Chinese trade protection of steel imports.
Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays to measure equilibrium dissociation constants: GAL4‐p53 binding DNA as a model system

An undergraduate biochemistry laboratory experiment is described that will teach students the practical and theoretical considerations for measuring the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for a protein/DNA interaction using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). An EMSA monitors the migration of DNA through a native gel; the DNA migrates more slowly when bound to a protein. To determine a KD the amount of unbound and protein‐bound DNA in the gel is measured as the protein concentration increases. By performing this experiment, students will be introduced to making affinity measurements and gain experience in performing quantitative EMSAs. The experiment describes measuring the KD for the interaction between the chimeric protein GAL4‐p53 and its DNA recognition site; however, the techniques are adaptable to other DNA binding proteins. In addition, the basic experiment described can be easily expanded to include additional inquiry‐driven experimentation. © 2012 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cognitive functioning in patients with depression: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting approximately 350 million people. Evidence indicates that only 60–70% of persons with major depressive disorder who tolerate antidepressants respond to first-line drug treatment; the remainder become treatment resistant. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered an effective therapy in persons with treatment-resistant depression. The use of ECT is controversial due to concerns about temporary cognitive impairment in the acute post-treatment period. We will conduct a meta-analysis to examine the effects of ECT on cognition in persons with depression. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42014009100). We developed our methods following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. We are searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane from the date of database inception to the end of October 2014. We are also searching the reference lists of published reviews and evidence reports for additional citations. Comparative studies (randomised controlled trials, cohort and case–control) published in English will be included in the meta-analysis. Three clinical neuropsychologists will group the cognitive tests in each included article into a set of mutually exclusive cognitive subdomains. The risk of bias of randomised controlled trials will be assessed using the Jadad scale. We will supplement the Jadad scale with additional questions based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The risk of bias of cohort and case–control studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We will employ the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the strength of evidence. Statistical analysis Separate meta-analyses will be conducted for each ECT treatment modality and cognitive subdomain using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2. 0.
Ductility of Nanocrystalline Metals: Intrinsic or Extrinsic

While the super-high strength of various nanocrystalline metals (NC metals, grain size d<100 nm) has drawn great attention in the past few decades, the poor ductility has become a seemingly insurmountable obstacle for the wide application of such metals. Other limiting factors include, in particular, the high cost associated with delivering such materials. Recent efforts from various groups have brought forth strong hope that the ductility of NC metals can be greatly improved by the application of “microstructure engineering”. However, the testing methods used to evaluate the mechanical properties, especially at small scales, have invited concerns. A natural question arises as to whether the reported allegedly good ductility of many NC metals is intrinsic or extrinsic. This article attempts to critically evaluate such issues. We will examine the experimental results in conjunction with some finite element modeling on the stress state and strain measurement of specimens during mechanical testing. Factors such as sample geometry and loading mode will be critically assessed. We point out that while intrinsic ductility may be possessed by some NC metals, careful attention should be paid to how strain measurement is made.
Safeguarding academic accounts and resources with the University Credential Abuse Auditing System

Whether it happens through malware or through phishing, loss of one's online identity is a real and present danger. While many attackers seek credentials to realize financial gain, an analysis of the compromised accounts at our own institutions reveals that perpetrators often steal university credentials to gain free and unfettered access to information. This nontraditional motivation for credential theft puts a special burden on the academic institutions that provide these accounts. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a system for safeguarding academic accounts and resources called the University Credential Abuse Auditing System (UCAAS). We evaluate UCAAS at two major research universities with tens of thousands of user accounts and millions of login events during a two-week period. We show the UCAAS to be useful in reducing this burden, having helped the university security teams identify a total of 125 compromised accounts with zero false positives during the trail.
Holistic model for atmospheric corrosion: Part 3 - Effect of natural and man made landforms on deposition of marine salts in Australia and south-east Asia

Abstract This paper present results from a large number of airborne salinity measurements in Australia and south-east Asia (SEA). Salinity measurements were made in the open on clear ground, in the open in urban regions, and on the facades of buildings. The data were used to assess the validity of the concepts regarding saline sources and transport presented in previous papers. In particular, the salinity measurements in SEA are used to assess the validity of the models for ocean produced salt aerosol. A classification scheme for defining sheltering by man made and natural landforms and types of water bodies was developed. The data were then used to assess the sheltering effect of urban landforms and of building facades. Lastly, the data were used to assess the possible contribution of narrow and wide bays to airborne salinity.