Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Five valuable functions of blocking capacitors in stimulators

Blocking capacitors, (known as coupling capacitors in some literatures), are extensively used in neural stimulators. Usually, a blocking capacitor is connected in series with a stimulation electrodes and the other end of the capacitor goes to the stimulation circuitry which supplies the current. Known for the “pass AC, block DC” characteristic, blocking capacitors are important for safety in chronically implanted stimulators. They have five functions: they help to correct charge imbalance; they prevent direct current passing under fault conditions; they limit maximum net charge and charge per phase; they provide larger electromotive force for discharging and therefore faster passive discharge; and finally they automatically adjust the resting potential of the electrode to accommodate more charge injection. For high-intensity stimulation, the blocking capacitors are large in volume, which means that designers would like to avoid their use for applications with many channels. Various approaches have been proposed for their elimination, but some of them come at the expense of reduced safety. The authors believe that the blocking capacitor should not be eliminated from the stimulator output stage design unless the alternative passes a stringent safety analysis.
MPEG System Streams in Best-Effort Networks

The MPEG format is widely used and therefore an attractive vehicle for the distribution of video and audio material over the Internet. However, the hierarchical structure of MPEG systems complicates the task of delivering continuous, synchronized streams of video and audio in a best-effort environment (today’s Internet). If the network throws away packets on encountering congestion, the video and audio stream may loose synchronization for a number of frames. Therefore, adapting the resource demands of an MPEG system must be done by an entity that is knowledgeable of the MPEG system structure: an MPEG system filter. This paper describes the integration of such an MPEG system filter into a network. Our experience to date indicates that mid-range PCs can host such a filter, and that the filter succeeds in adapting the resource requirements of an MPEG system in response to changes in the network load.
An exploration of existential needs and self-determination theory within an educational context

In this concept paper ideas of the psychology of motivation in the twenty first century are explored as an introductory study on motivation theory. Drawing from the work of Leontiev (2012 a, b) and Längle (1999, 2012), as well as Deci and Ryan (1985, 2000), an overview of existentialist motivation is presented. Längle (1999) proposes that the four fundamental existential motivations centre on having a place in the world, a valued existence, a shared existence, and a meaningful existence. This section is followed by an analysis of the more traditional and mainstream approach of Self-Determination Theory, which explores issues of self-regulation and self-determination from existential underpinnings. Further exploration of Self- Determination Theory and the needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness, as well as the conceptualisation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as a continuum, follows. Concluding comments are made as to the relevance of the overview for an educational context.
Characterization of a Highly Conserved Binding Site of Mlh1 Required for Exonuclease I-Dependent Mismatch Repair

ABSTRACT Mlh1 is an essential factor of mismatch repair (MMR) and meiotic recombination. It interacts through its C-terminal region with MutL homologs and proteins involved in DNA repair and replication. In this study, we identified the site of yeast Mlh1 critical for the interaction with Exo1, Ntg2, and Sgs1 proteins, designated as site S2 by reference to the Mlh1/Pms1 heterodimerization site S1. We show that site S2 is also involved in the interaction between human MLH1 and EXO1 or BLM. Binding at this site involves a common motif on Mlh1 partners that we called the MIP-box for the Mlh1 interacting protein box. Direct and specific interactions between yeast Mlh1 and peptides derived from Exo1, Ntg2, and Sgs1 and between human MLH1 and peptide derived from EXO1 and BLM were measured with Kd values ranging from 8.1 to 17.4 μM. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mutant of Mlh1 targeted at site S2 (Mlh1-E682A) behaves as a hypomorphic form of Exo1. The site S2 in Mlh1 mediates Exo1 recruitment in order to optimize MMR-dependent mutation avoidance. Given the conservation of Mlh1 and Exo1 interaction, it may readily impact Mlh1-dependent functions such as cancer prevention in higher eukaryotes.
Joint resource allocation and receiver map estimation in underlay cognitive radios

Conventional spectrum sensing schemes can detect active transmitters but not passive receivers, which have to be nevertheless protected from excessive interference whenever their bands are reused. In this paper, a resource allocation scheme for underlay cognitive radios is formulated, taking into account uncertainty of both propagation gains and locations of incumbent receivers. The performance of orthogonal access by secondary users is maximized under average interference constraints, using channel statistics and maps that pin-point areas where primary receivers are likely to reside. These maps are tracked using a Bayesian approach, based on a 1-bit message sent by the primary system whenever a communication disruption occurs due to interference.
A Simple Method to Extract Whole Apolipoproteins for the Preparation of Discoidal Recombined High Density Lipoproteins as Bionic Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.

PURPOSE To develop a simple method to extract the whole apolipoproteins (apo) including apoA-I in native high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and prepare discoidal Tanshinone IIA-loaded reconstituted HDL (TA-rHDLs) as a dual functional drug delivery system with plaque-site target and therapeutic promises in atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS A method based on isoelectric precipitation coupled with organic solvent precipitation was developed to isolate the whole apolipoproteins (apos). TA-rHDLs were prepared by incubating the resultant apos with liposomes and the incubation conditions were optimized using fluorescence quenching experiment. TA-rHDLs were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, interaction between lipid and apos, safety, and bionic function. RESULTS The extraction results showed that the yield of the HDL apos was 82.4%, with 59% being apoA-I type, similar ratio of apoA-I in the native apos. TA-rHDL prepared were disc-like with an average diameter of 157.6 ± 4.8 nm, zeta potential of -20.90 ± 0.15 mV, and entrapment efficiency of (90.13 ± 1.4) %. The interaction between the lipids and apos was electrostatic and hydrophobic force and was associated with amino acid sequence. Haemolysis and cytotoxicity assays showed good biocompatibility of TA-rHDL. Sterol efflux assay from macrophages mediated by TA-rHDLs and structure remodeling behavior from discs to spheres proved that TA-rHDL could resemble the biological activity of native nascent HDL irrespective of the size. CONCLUSIONS The simple approach to isolate apos may provide a convenient and economical resource to support the development of rHDL as a potential targeting nanocarrier for lipophilic cardiovascular drugs.
Plasma oxytocin levels are reduced in Slovak autistic boys

BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is a neuropeptide affecting social behaviour. Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by social defi cits, impaired communication and repetitive behaviours. Several studies have shown reduced plasma levels of oxytocin and moreover, administration of oxytocin reduced clinical symptoms of autism. AIM: The aim of this study was to reveal differences in the plasma levels of oxytocin between autistic and healthy populations in Slovakia. METHODS: After a signed consent, 108 autism spectrum disorder patients were enrolled in the study (83 males, 25 females). A control group of 131 healthy children was recruited (106 males, 25 females). Blood samples were obtained from all children and plasma oxytocin levels were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS: Oxytocin levels were lower in the boys older than 10 years of age in comparison to controls. There were no signifi cant differences in oxytocin levels among girls. Oxytocin levels did not signifi cantly correlate with age in either of the examined groups. CONCLUSION: Decreased oxytocin levels in plasma of autism boys may be related to decreased sociability and social interactions. The addition of psychological profi ling may reveal possible correlations of hormone levels with symptom severities (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis. sk.
Science Simulation of Clinic Electrophysiology in 3 D Human Atrium

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac disease with high rates of morbidity, leading to major personal and NHS costs. Computer modeling of AF using a detailed cellular model with realistic 3D anatomical geometry allows investigation of the underlying ionic mechanisms in far more detail than in a physiology laboratory. We have developed a 3D virtual human atrium that combines detailed cellular electrophysiology, including ion channel kinetics and homeostasis of ionic concentrations, with anatomical detail. The segmented anatomical structure and multi-variable nature of the system makes the 3D simulations of AF large and computationally intensive. The computational demands are such that a full problem solving environment requires access to resources of High Performance Computing (HPC), High Performance Visualization (HPV), remote data repositories and a backend infrastructure. This is a classic example of eScience and Gridenabled computing. Initial work has been carried out using multiple processor machines with shared memory architectures. As spatial resolution of anatomical models increases, requirement of HPC resources is predicted to increase many-fold (~ 1 – 10 teraflops). Distributed computing is essential, both through massively parallel systems (a single supercomputer) and multiple parallel systems made accessible through the Grid.
Intersecting k-Uniform Families Containing all the k-Subsets of a Given Set

Let $m, n$, and $k$ be integers satisfying $0 < k \leq n < 2k \leq m$. A family of sets $\mathcal{F}$ is called an $(m,n,k)$- intersecting family if $\binom{[n]}{k} \subseteq \mathcal{F} \subseteq \binom{[m]}{k}$ and any pair of members of $\mathcal{F}$ have nonempty intersection. Maximum $(m,k,k)$- and $(m,k+1,k)$-intersecting families are determined by the theorems of Erdős-Ko-Rado and Hilton-Milner, respectively. We determine the maximum families for the cases $n = 2k-1, 2k-2, 2k-3$, and $m$ sufficiently large.
Model and implementation for runtime software monitoring system

For complicated Software-Intensive System, it is always hard to guarantee the reliability and safety of software. Effective methods for detecting faults and isolating software fault from hardware fault are desiderated especially. In order to detect and isolate fault in SIS, a method called runtime software monitoring is studied, and a new kind of runtime software monitoring system(RSMS) is constructed in this paper. The RSMS can not only detect software fault by observing software behavior to determine whether it complies with its intended behavior, but also can assist to isolate software fault from hardware fault and to locate software fault based on fault symptoms acquired by our method. The software architecture of RSMS is presented from different views by using “4+1” view model and layer architectural style. The RSMS prototype is implemented through architecture-based software development method. By applying the prototype in practice, it proved that the RSMS prototype is feasible and effective for detecting and diagnosing faults in SIS.
Representasi Indonesia dalam Stand Up Comedy (Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough dalam Pertunjukan Spesial Pandji Pragiwaksono “Mesakke Bangsaku”)

The purpose of this research exposes the representation of Indonesia through a good comic material delivered by Pandji Pragiwaksono in a special performance "Mesakke Bangsaku". This research uses descriptive method using a literature review and observations in order to enrich the data. Data analysis techniques used for this research is a critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough, which includes Text, Discourse Practice, Sociocultural Practice. The results showed the existence of the findings regarding the representation of Indonesia which is described through the stand up comedy Special in the show " Mesakke Bangsaku", Pandji Pragiwaksono. First, regarding representation of society Indonesia that are valued can do attitude of tolerance towards religious people. Second, Indonesia is still very much need to learn from the educational system in the developed world, and the third is about a political understanding that is still very weak.
Effect of Preseason Over-Weighted Medicine Ball Training on Throwing Velocity

The importance of throwing velocity (TV) is not limited to just baseball pitchers. Advantages of having greater TV can aid a team defensively in multiple ways. PURPOSE: To examine TV of high school (HS) baseball players over an 8-week preseason training program while participating in 6d/wk of baseball practice. METHODS: Twenty-one HS baseball players (age = 15.8 6 1.0 yr) were randomly assigned by a stratified sample technique to 1 of 2 training groups. Group 1 (n = 10) and Group 2 (n = 11) performed the same progressive full-body resistance exercises while training 3x/wk for 8 wk according to a stepwise periodized model prior to the start of their spring baseball season. Additionally, Group 1 performed a progressive throwing program with a standard 5 oz baseball, while Group 2 performed an over-weighted throwing program with a 7 oz and 5 oz ball at a 2:1 ratio (heavy and standard). Volume began at 54 throws and increased by 6 throws every 2 weeks for the 8week study. By week 7 the volume was 72 throws. All training was conducted while the HS baseball team was practicing 6 d/wk. TV was measured with a Jugs radar gun. Bat velocity was recorded with a SETPRO SPRT5A, while batted-ball velocity was recorded with a Stalker Pro radar gun. One repetition maximum (1 RM) parallel squat and bench press were measured with standard Olympic weights. Total grip strength was measured with a Jamar hand dynamometer. Leg power (vertical jump) was measured with a Vertec. Rotational power was measured with a Sports Pro radar gun as players performed a 2.7 kg medicine ball side toss. RESULTS: Significant increases (p , 0.05) in 1RM parallel squat, 1RM bench press, and leg power occurred after 8 wk of training for both groups. Significant increases in bat velocity were found only for group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an over-weighted (7 oz) medicine ball training program at a 2:1 ratio (heavy and standard) did not increase TV during the preseason when players were throwing daily at practice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Implementing a supplemental over-weighted (7 oz) medicine ball program did not have any greater training effect than throwing a standard 5 oz baseball during the preseason. Therefore, it is not recommended to use this type of training during the preseason since no improvements were reported. Previous research has demonstrated improvements in TV during the off-season when athletes are not practicing and throwing. Although not the main focus of this research project, bat velocity significantly increased 5.3% for group 2. Group 1 also had an increase in bat velocity of 4.0%, but due to the high standard deviation, post-data were not significantly different than pre-data. These increases are similar to previous research that used similar participants and stepwise resistance training programs.
Kinematics of Gait: New Method for Angle Estimation Based on Accelerometers

A new method for estimation of angles of leg segments and joints, which uses accelerometer arrays attached to body segments, is described. An array consists of two accelerometers mounted on a rigid rod. The absolute angle of each body segment was determined by band pass filtering of the differences between signals from parallel axes from two accelerometers mounted on the same rod. Joint angles were evaluated by subtracting absolute angles of the neighboring segments. This method eliminates the need for double integration as well as the drift typical for double integration. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated by experimental results involving healthy subjects who walked on a treadmill at various speeds, ranging between 0.15 m/s and 2.0 m/s. The validation was performed by comparing the estimated joint angles with the joint angles measured with flexible goniometers. The discrepancies were assessed by the differences between the two sets of data (obtained to be below 6 degrees) and by the Pearson correlation coefficient (greater than 0.97 for the knee angle and greater than 0.85 for the ankle angle).
Robust Spacecraft Sequencing through Model-Based Programming

The Problem: Robotic spacecraft for exploration of the solar system and beyond must be designed to navigate and operate in harsh, dynamic and uncertain environments. Such operating conditions make it difficult for the systems engineers and programmers responsible for encoding onboard software sequences to meet the requirements for very high reliability. We propose a robust solution to challenging sequencing problems (e.g. Planetary Entry, Descent and Landing), which combines discrete configuration commanding with continuous navigation and control, and will allow systems engineers to generate ”executable specifications” of desired spacecraft behavior.
On applying fault detectors against false data injection attacks in cyber-physical control systems

Much recent work has applied existing fault detectors against attacks in cyber-physical control systems. The results demonstrate effectiveness in detecting simplistic attacks that cause fault-like disruptions. However, they do not address motivated and knowledgeable attackers who craft attacks using knowledge of the system including its method of detecting attacks. In this paper, we analyze the conditions for an attacker to bypass a dissipativity-theoretic fault detector adopted in the prior work. We show that the attacker can use a quadratic programming solver to efficiently compute false data injection attacks to bypass the detector. We show further that, by applying an OR gate to fuse binary detection results from a number of the detectors, with carefully chosen parameters, we can achieve an integrated detector bank that cannot be bypassed by an attacker, if the attacker can tamper with either the sensor or control data of the system. For an n-dimensional linear time-invariant system, the number of needed fault detectors is O(n! ). This number can be dramatically reduced to O(n) under a realistic assumption that the system has converged before the attack starts. Simulations for voltage control based on an IEEE 39-bus power system model validate our analysis.
A BGN-Type Multiuser Homomorphic Encryption Scheme

Homomorphic encryption(HE) is a new cryptographic primitive that can operate on ciphertext without decryption. It has significant application in cloud computing. However, most of the existing HE schemes are single user, which means they could only evaluate on ciphertext encrypted by a single public key. Combining the idea of proxy re-encryption and homomorphic encryption, we provide a BGN-type multi-user HE scheme that can evaluate on ciphertexts come from different users. The scheme is based on bilinear pairing and subgroup decision problem, and is a somewhat homomorphic scheme that can do one multiplication and infinite additions. Security of the scheme is based on the subgroup decision assumption. Keywords—cloud computing; homomorphic encryption; subgroup decision problem.
Security Threats to Cognitive Radio Signal Classifiers

Cognitive approaches to spectrum sensing and differentiation of primary and secondary users can utilize machine learning to improve their performance and robustness in dynamic environments. However when the fundamental concepts of inferencing and classification are applied to signals analysis, some flaws become apparent. An attacker can manipulate both the feature extraction algorithms and the classifier engines to affect their output. The result is misclassification of the intended signals. In the worst case malicious secondary users can be misclassified as primary users, giving them unfettered access to the spectrum. This paper describes these attacks for various types of supervised and unsupervised learning, and presents simulation results for a few specific cases. We demonstrate the need for careful engineering when designing these systems to mitigate the effacacy of these types of attacks.
Cylindrical rectification to minimize epipolar distortion

We propose anew rectification method for aligning epipolar lines of a pair of stereo images taken under any camera geometry. It effectively remaps both images onto the surface of a cylinder instead of a plane, which is used in common rectification methods. For a large set of camera motions, remapping to a plane has the drawback of creating rectified images that are potentially infinitely large and presents a loss of pixel information along epipolar lines. In contrast, cylindrical rectification guarantees that the rectified images are bounded for all possible camera motions and minimizes the loss of pixel information along epipolar line. The processes (e.g., stereo matching, etc.) subsequently applied to the rectified images are thus more accurate and general since they can accommodate any camera geometry.
AVA: automated interpretation of dynamically detected anomalies

Dynamic analysis techniques have been extensively adopted to discover causes of observed failures. In particular, anomaly detection techniques can infer behavioral models from observed legal executions and compare failing executions with the inferred models to automatically identify the likely anomalous events that caused observed failures. Unfortunately the output of these techniques is limited to a set of independent suspicious anomalous events that does not capture the structure and the rationale of the differences between the correct and the failing executions. Thus, testers spend a relevant amount of time and effort to investigate executions and interpret these differences, reducing effectiveness of anomaly detection techniques. In this paper, we present Automata Violations Analyzer (AVA), a technique to automatically produce candidate interpretations of detected failures from anomalies identified by anomaly detection techniques. Interpretations capture the rationale of the differences between legal and failing executions with user understandable patterns that simplify identification of failure causes. The empirical validation with synthetic cases and third-party systems shows that AVA produces useful interpretations.