Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by humans: epidemiological data from Western Australia

The purpose of this study was to investigate carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by selected population groups in Western Australia. Stool specimens from 293 rural patients with gastrointestinal disorders, and from 227 healthy migrants from developing countries were cultured. Spirochaete isolates were identified using PCR, and typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Brachyspira aalborgi was not isolated. Brachyspira pilosicoli was recovered from 15 rural patients, all Aboriginal. Prevalence was 9·9% in 151 Aboriginals and 0% in 142 non-Aboriginals. Carriage of B. pilosicoli amongst migrants was 10·6% (24/227). Carriage was significantly increased in Aboriginal children aged 2–5 years (P = 0·0027) and in migrant individuals from the Middle East and Africa (P = 0·0034). Carriage was significantly associated with detection of faecal protozoa in both Aboriginals (P = 0·0021) and migrants (P = 0·012). PFGE results indicated that the B. pilosicoli strains were genetically diverse.
KyotoEBMT System Description for the 1st Workshop on Asian Translation

This paper introduces the KyotoEBMT Example-Based Machine Translation framework. Our system uses a tree-to-tree approach, employing syntactic dependency analysis for both source and target languages in an attempt to preserve non-local structure. The effectiveness of our system is maximized with online example matching and a flexible decoder. Evaluation demonstrates BLEU scores competitive with state-of-the-art SMT baselines. The system implementation is available as open-source.
Cooperative weighted centroid localization for cognitive radio networks

Localization of primary users (PUs) is a feature that can be very helpful for all the functional tasks of a cognitive radio (CR) network. Among the possible algorithms, weighted centroid localization (WCL) appears as the best candidate being a simple and robust range free localization technique that does not require any knowledge on the PU signal and on the radio environment parameters. We analyze the adoption of different weighting strategies considering in particular the dependence of the root mean square error (RMSE) on the position of the PU within the area considered. Numerical results show that weighting strategies that emphasize the difference between higher and lower weights are more robust to situations in which the PU moves toward the side of the area. Two secondary user (SU) selection strategies are also proposed to alleviate the border and noisy measurements effects in harsh propagation environments.
Prolonged treatment of refractory Wegener's granulomatosis with 15-deoxyspergualin: an open study in seven patients.

BACKGROUND A subset of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis does not respond to daily oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) plus corticosteroids or suffers from intolerable side effects. A 6 month course of the immunosuppressant 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) has previously been employed successfully in these refractory cases. However, there are no reports on long-term treatment with DSG. METHODS To document the effects of prolonged DSG treatment, this study reports on seven patients suffering refractory Wegener's granulomatosis, who were successfully treated with DSG over an average of 26.5 months (range: 11-55.5 months). RESULTS Before administration of DSG, patients had experienced an average of 6.6 relapses (range: 3-12) under an average of 5.4 (range: 2-11) different therapeutic approaches, which included CYC in all cases. All suffered active disease when DSG was initiated. Four were unresponsive to CYC and three did not tolerate it. DSG (0.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneous) was given for 2-3 weeks until the leukocyte count dropped to 3000/microl, followed by a rest until a leukocyte count of 4000/microl was reached again. No other immunosuppressants besides corticosteroids were given. All patients showed a long-lasting, favourable response to DSG with complete (n = 5) or partial (n = 2) remission. Only one case relapsed while being treated with DSG. Termination/interruption of DSG was followed by relapse in four of five occasions. Resumption of DSG led to complete remission. Currently, five of the seven patients are still treated with DSG and are in remission. Infections, mainly of the respiratory tract, were observed in five cases and resolved after treatment. One case developed a third-degree heart block that required pacing. CONCLUSIONS In patients with refractory Wegener's granulomatosis, prolonged treatment with DSG seems safe and successful.
Sensitivity analysis of intention‐to‐treat estimates when withdrawals are related to unobserved compliance status

In the presence of dropout, intent(ion)‐to‐treat analysis is usually carried out using methods that assume a missing‐at‐random (MAR) dropout mechanism. We investigate the potential bias caused by assuming MAR when the dropout is related to unobserved compliance status. A framework to assess the magnitude of bias in the context of pre‐ and post‐test design (PPD) with two treatment arms is presented. Scenarios with all‐or‐none and partial compliance level are investigated. Using two simulated data sets and actual data from an e‐mental health trial, we demonstrate the utility of sensitivity analyses to assess the bias magnitude and show that they are plausible options when some knowledge of compliance behaviour in the dropout exists. We recommend that our approach be used in conjunction with methods of analysis which assume MAR in estimating the ITT effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online coverage of the 2008 Olympic Games on the ABC, BBC, CBC and TVNZ

The same pervasive strategies that relegate women's sports coverage to secondary status in the traditional sports media are apparent in online coverage. Content analysis of the extent and nature of 2008 Olympic Games coverage by four national public broadcasters shows men and their sports were the story in Beijing. The gender gap in story numbers favoured male athletes by a margin of four to one. Men's achievements were given more prominence than women's with twice as many lead stories and photographs of male athletes taking top spot on the websites' splash pages. The content of photographs and the language of online stories also perpetuated gender stereotypes and sexual difference by framing sportswomen as emotionally weak or dependent and less committed than male athletes.
Compact Tripple U-Shaped Slot Loaded Circular Disk Patch Antenna for Bluetooth and WLAN Application

In the present paper a three U-shaped slot loaded disk patch antenna is analysed by using circuit theory concept. The antenna shows dual resonance. The resonance frequency of single layer patch is found to be 1.84 GHz and 2.61 GHz (simulated 1.80 GHz and 2.61 GHz) whereas for two layers dielectric antenna, it is 2.21 GHz and 3.14 GHz (simulated 2.20 GHz and 3.13GHz) respectively. The frequency ratio is found to be 1.41 (simulated 1.45) for single layer patch antenna and 1.42 (simulated 1.42) for two dielectric layers patch antenna. The bandwidth of single layer patch antenna is found to be 1.52% and 1.68 % for lower and upper resonance frequency respectively while for two layers dielectric antenna it is 1.10 % and 1.53 %. Introducing three U-slot in the circular disk 16.54 % of size reduction has been achieved. The theoretical results are compared with the simulated results obtained from IE3D which are in close agreement. Index Term - Patch antenna, U-slot loaded patch, dualband antenna and two dielectric layers
Analytical Modeling of Saturation Throughput in Power Save Mode of an IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure WLAN

We consider a single station (STA) in the Power Save Mode (PSM) of an IEEE 802.11 infrastructure WLAN. This STA is assumed to be carrying uplink and downlink traffic via the access point (AP). We assume that the transmission queues of the AP and the STA are saturated, i.e., the AP and the STA always have at least one packet to send. For this scenario, it is observed that uplink and downlink throughputs achieved are different. The reason behind the difference is the long term attempt rates of the STA and the AP due to the PSM protocol. In this paper we first obtain the the long term attempt rates of the STA and the AP and using these, we obtain the saturation throughputs of the AP and the STA. We provide a validation of analytical results using the NS-2 simulator.
Parameterized system design

Continued growth in chip capacity has led to new methodologies stressing reuse not only of pre-designed processing components, but even of entire pre-designed architectures. To be used across a variety of applications, such architectures must be heavily parameterized, so they can adapt to those applications' differing constraints by trading off power performance and size. We describe several parameterized system design issues, and provide results showing how a single architecture with easily configurable parameters can support a wide range of tradeoffs.
The Comparative Value of Feline Virology Research: Can Findings from the Feline Lentiviral Vaccine Be Translated to Humans?

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus of domestic cats that shares several similarities with its human counterpart, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Their analogies include genomic organization, lymphocyte tropism, viral persistence and induction of immunodeficiency. FIV is the only lentivirus for which a commercial vaccine is registered for prevention in either human or veterinary medicine. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of protection induced by lentivirus vaccines at the population level and might contribute to the development of efficacious HIV vaccines. As well as having comparative value for vaccine studies, FIV research has shed some light on the relationship between lentiviral tropism and pathogenesis. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the interaction between FIV and its primary receptor changes as disease progresses, reminiscent of the receptor switch observed as disease progresses in HIV infected individuals. Here we summarise findings illustrating that, in addition to its veterinary significance, FIV has comparative value, providing a useful model to explore lentivirus–host interactions and to examine potential immune correlates of protection against HIV infection.
Unique Perfect Phylogeny Characterizations via Uniquely Representable Chordal Graphs

The perfect phylogeny problem is a classic problem in computational biology, where we seek an unrooted phylogeny that is compatible with a set of qualitative characters. Such a tree exists precisely when an intersection graph associated with the character set, called the partition intersection graph, can be triangulated using a restricted set of fill edges. Semple and Steel used the partition intersection graph to characterize when a character set has a unique perfect phylogeny. Bordewich, Huber, and Semple showed how to use the partition intersection graph to find a maximum compatible set of characters. In this paper, we build on these results, characterizing when a unique perfect phylogeny exists for a subset of partial characters. Our characterization is stated in terms of minimal triangulations of the partition intersection graph that are uniquely representable, also known as ur-chordal graphs. Our characterization is motivated by the structure of ur-chordal graphs, and the fact that the block structure of minimal triangulations is mirrored in the graph that has been triangulated.
SELECT : social and collaborative filtering of web documents and news

We describe the goals and progress to date of S ELECT , a project funded under the EC Telematics Applications Programme. The objective of the S ELECT project is to help Internet users to find the most reliable, valuable, important and interesting information quickly and easily and reduce information overload. S ELECT is aimed not only at users who search for specific information, but also at those who use the Internet to keep up to date with what is happening in particular areas. In these ways, S ELECT will make a positive contribution to the problem of helping users to tailor their information environments to meet their individual needs. The approach adopted in S ELECT is based upon information filtering. S ELECT makes use of two filtering techniques. One is to make recommendations derived from an individual user's past choices. The other is to make recommendations derived from the behaviour of other users through social, collaborative filtering, especially those who have displayed similar tastes and interests in the past. Both techniques make use of users' ratings of Internet documents, either given explicitly or derived implicitly from evidence of users' behaviour.
Persistent Dizziness After Surgical Treatment of Vertigo: An Exploratory Study of Prognostic Factors

Objective: Persistent vertigo and imbalance can occur after surgery for vertigo regardless of surgical approach. This study explored for factors affecting outcome of vertigo surgery. Study Design: Patient survey and chart review. Setting: Tertiary referral neurotologic private practice. Patients/Intervention: Of 111 patients (57.7% female; mean age, 52.3 yr), 59 underwent vestibular nerve section (middle fossa, retrolabyrinthine, and translabyrinthine), 25 underwent transmastoid labyrinthectomy, and 27 underwent endolymphatic sac shunt. Eighty-three percent had Ménière's disease. Mean follow-up was 4.3 years. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes included American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) vertigo score and class, number of spells per month, current and change in AAO-HNS disability rating, vertigo and imbalance severity ratings, and frequency of imbalance. Results: Three preoperative factors were consistently related to outcome: AAO-HNS disability rating, imbalance frequency rating, and duration of first symptom (ρ = 0.19-0.51; all p's < 0.05). Greater disability and more frequent imbalance related to poorer outcome, but longer duration of disease related to better outcome. Presurgery vertigo characteristics were generally not related to outcome. Ménière's patients were more likely to have improvement in imbalance, as were those with no other significant disease and no allergy. The presence of tinnitus in the contralateral ear was associated with poorer outcomes, including a lower rate of results of Classes A and B (p = 0.023). Vertigo as a first symptom and the presence of eye disease also showed relationships to poorer outcome. Conclusion: Those rating themselves as more disabled before surgery are less likely to achieve the best outcomes, whereas frequency and severity of preoperative vertigo are not predictive. Several possible prognostic factors were identified that warrant future prospective study.
Is There Racial Discrimination in Police Stop-and-Searches of Black Youth? A Toronto Case Study

Our study investigated racial profiling of Black youth in Toronto and linked this racial profiling to urban disadvantage theory, which highlights neighbourhood-level processes. Our findings provide empirical evidence suggesting that because of racial profiling, Black youth are subject to disproportionately more stops for gun-, traffic-, drug-, and suspicious activity-related reasons. Moreover, they show that drug-related stop-and-searches of Black youth occur most excessively in neighbourhoods where more White people reside and are less disadvantaged, demonstrating that race-and-place profiling of Black youth exists in police stop-and-search practices. This study shows that the theoretical literature in sociology on neighbourhood characteristics can contribute to an understanding of the relationship between race and police stops in the context of neighbourhood. It also discusses the negative impact of racial profiling on Black youth.
Getting the Love You Want: A Guide for Couples

REVISED AND WITH A NEW FOREWORDARE YOU GETTING THE LOVE YOU WANT? Originally published in 1988, "Getting the Love You Want" has helped millions of couples attain more loving, supportive, and deeply satisfying relationships. The 20th anniversary edition contains extensive revisions to this groundbreaking book, with a new chapter, new exercises, and a foreword detailing Dr. Hendrix's updated philosophy for eliminating all negativity from couples' daily interactions, allowing readers of the 2008 edition to benefit from his ongoing discoveries during his last two decades of work.Harville Hendrix, Ph.D., in partnership with his wife, Helen LaKelly Hunt, PhD. , originated Imago Relationship Therapy, a unique healing process for couples, prospective couples, and parents. Together they have more than thirty years' experience as educators and therapists and their work has been translated into more than 50 languages, with Imago practiced by two thousand therapists worldwide. Harville and Helen have six children and live in New York and New Mexico.
The Predictive Value of HLA-DR Matching and Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Renal Allograft Acute Rejection: a Living-unrelated Donor (LURD) Study.

BACKGROUND In addition to Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) compatibility, gene polymorphism in cytokines might be important in the quality of allogeneic immune response. OBJECTIVES In this study HLA-DR matching and a number of cytokine gene polymorphisms have been evaluated in occurrence of acute rejection after living-unrelated donor (LURD) kidney transplantation. METHODS A total of 42 renal transplants that were performed at Hashemi Nejad Kidney Hospital (Tehran/Iran) and then followed up for 3 months post-transplantation were included in our study. Using PCR-SSP, HLA-DR alleles (DR1-18) of recipient and donor pairs and gene polymorphisms in TNF-, TGF-1, IL-10, IL-6, and IFN- of recipients were determined. RESULTS Acute rejection was observed in 11(26.2%) of 42 renal recipients. The frequency of one and two HLA-DR mismatches in rejector and nonrejector groups were 2(18.2%), 9(81.8%) and 13(41.9%), 17(54.8%) respectively. HLA-DR incompatibility was not significantly higher in rejector (1.820.40) than nonrejector (1.520.57) recipients (P=0.069) and more than half of nonrejectors had completely mismatched HLA-DR antigens with their donors. Polymorphisms associated with all the cytokines mentioned above were found to have no correlation with acute rejection. CONCLUSION Regarding to high frequency of HLA-DR mismatching in nonrejector group, we can postulate that the immunogenecity of LURD renal transplant is not similar to the cadaveric one, and predictive value of HLA-DR mismatching for acute rejection is not as reliable as in cadaveric transplant. Although, there is no doubt about influence of HLA compatibility on allograft survival. In addition, we failed to demonstrate further association between combined recipient cytokine genotypes and HLA-DR matching with acute rejection in this study. Thus, we conclude that a more detailed immunogenetic profile is necessary to predict transplant outcome or immunosuppression tailoring.
Analyzing key constraints to biogas production from crop residues and manure in the EU—A spatially explicit model

This paper presents a spatially explicit method for making regional estimates of the potential for biogas production from crop residues and manure, accounting for key technical, biochemical, environmental and economic constraints. Methods for making such estimates are important as biofuels from agricultural residues are receiving increasing policy support from the EU and major biogas producers, such as Germany and Italy, in response to concerns over unintended negative environmental and social impacts of conventional biofuels. This analysis comprises a spatially explicit estimate of crop residue and manure production for the EU at 250 m resolution, and a biogas production model accounting for local constraints such as the sustainable removal of residues, transportation of substrates, and the substrates’ biochemical suitability for anaerobic digestion. In our base scenario, the EU biogas production potential from crop residues and manure is about 0.7 EJ/year, nearly double the current EU production of biogas from agricultural substrates, most of which does not come from residues or manure. An extensive sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the potential could easily be 50% higher or lower, depending on the stringency of economic, technical and biochemical constraints. We find that the potential is particularly sensitive to constraints on the substrate mixtures’ carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and dry matter concentration. Hence, the potential to produce biogas from crop residues and manure in the EU depends to large extent on the possibility to overcome the challenges associated with these substrates, either by complementing them with suitable co-substrates (e.g. household waste and energy crops), or through further development of biogas technology (e.g. pretreatment of substrates and recirculation of effluent).
Rolling Riemannian Manifolds to Solve the Multi-class Classification Problem

In the past few years there has been a growing interest on geometric frameworks to learn supervised classification models on Riemannian manifolds [32, 28]. A popular framework, valid over any Riemannian manifold, was proposed in [32] for binary classification. Once moving from binary to multi-class classification this paradigm is not valid anymore, due to the spread of multiple positive classes on the manifold [28]. It is then natural to ask whether the multi-class paradigm could be extended to operate on a large class of Riemannian manifolds. We propose a mathematically well-founded classification paradigm that allows to extend the work in [32] to multi-class models, taking into account the structure of the space. The idea is to project all the data from the manifold onto an affine tangent space at a particular point. To mitigate the distortion induced by local diffeomorphisms, we introduce for the first time in the computer vision community a well-founded mathematical concept, so-called Rolling map [22, 17]. The novelty in this alternate school of thought is that the manifold will be firstly rolled (without slipping or twisting) as a rigid body, then the given data is unwrapped onto the affine tangent space, where the classification is performed.
The Alienation of Law Students

the reduction of such waste. As few as one in twenty first-year students now fails to complete his or her degree.2 However, the result may be less favorable than this comparison suggests. Our research suggests that there is much waste that is disguised by the retention rate. Indeed, our data indicate the possibility that roughly one in seven Michigan law students now drops out emotionally and intellectually, without formally withdrawing from the school. The socializa-
A Group Identity Theory of Social Norms and its Implications

Over the past five years law and economics scholarship has embraced the concept of social norms. Norms, or behavioral rules supported by a pattern of informal sanctions, can serve both as a source of law and a tool for effective behavioral change. To use norms in such ways, however, requires a complete understanding of how they form and how they interact with legal standards. To date there have been two theories in the legal literature that attempt to explain how norms form. Both of these theories conceive of norms forming in the traditional rational choice sense from the interaction of self-interested individuals.This Article argues that rational choice does not explain all norm origin and development. Rather, it argues that rational choice provides only one part of the story of norms. The Article develops a complimentary theory of norm formation based on the notion that people conceive of themselves not just as individuals, but also as members of groups. This "group identity theory" provides a much different picture of norm formation and development than that of rational choice. The Article ultimately examines the implications of this new model for how norms can be used in regulation.