Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation Of Pseudospectra By The Arnoldi Iteration

The rational Krylov algorithm for large nonsymmetric eigenvalues|mapping the resolvent norms (pseudospectrum), draft report based on talk delivered at Sparse Days at St. A generalized Jacobi-Davidson iteration method for linear eigenvalue problems, SIAM. 14 kim-chuan toh and lloyd n. trefethen bility of uid ows in a pipe or a channel, where traditional eigenvalue methods fail to explain the instabilities that are observed in practice, but pseudospectra do much better 2], 3], 19], 34]. In our view, these two parallel statements about spectra and pseudospectra form a natural pair. In highly non-normal problems, the Arnoldi iteration may indeed not be eeective at determining eigenvalues, but we should not wish it to be. The information that it does acquire may be deeper and more valuable. It will be interesting to see whether this vision of broader uses of Arnoldi iterations in applications comes to fruition in upcoming years. Our second remark is addressed to all those who use nonsymmetric Krylov sub-space iterations or who produce software for such computations. For the present, due to the great variety of iterations and preconditioners that have been found to be useful, computations of this kind almost invariably involve an element of exploration. We believe that such explorations can be carried out far more eeectively if the user habitually produces plots, not just numbers. Such plots might show Ritz values, lemniscates, pseudospectra of H n , pseudospectra of ~ H n , eigenvalues of perturbed matrices, or other things|tastes diier, and at this time no one choice seems clearly superior to all others. But we rmly believe it is a mistake to plot nothing at all, or to plot nothing but Ritz values. The habit of looking at plots leads almost unconsciously to new questions and new understanding. Matrices and operators have personalities, which may be revealed with surprising economy by a few curves on the computer screen. The iterative calculation of a few of the lowest eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of large real-symmetric matrices, calculation of pseudospectra by the arnoldi iteration 13 The dashed curves in Fig. 6, corresponding to the boundary of the numerical range, are worth a comment. Note that in Figs. 6b and 6c, we appear to have convincing convergence of the numerical range estimates in the upper half of the plot, but no dashed mirror image appears in the lower half. The explanation is that the actual 100 100 spectral diierentiation …
How to Encourage Employees’ Acceptance of Performance Appraisal Systems in Korean Nonprofit Organizations? An Empirical Exploration of the Influence of Performance Monitoring Systems and Organizational Culture

As the consequences of the raise in the roles that nonprofit organizations play in providing public services, there is a need to generate solutions for the financial scandals involving nonprofit organizations that have ensued. Nonprofit organizations receive government funding as “third-party agents” of the government to deliver the meaningful outcomes required on performance measures. Many nonprofit organizations utilize performance appraisal systems to improve their accountability and demonstrate organizational trustworthiness. This study employs confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical multiple regression to examine data from the 2013 Korean Nonprofit Sector Survey. The results are as follows: (a) The current human resources and organizational monitoring systems in Korea play the most significant role in increasing employees’ acceptance of performance appraisal systems (APAS); (b) Korean nonprofit organizations’ new public management (NPM) culture is positively associated with APAS; and (c) the type of organizational culture (NPM or Confucian) moderates the relationship between performance monitoring systems (PMS) and APAS among nonprofit organization employees.
An Information Theoretic Combination of MFCC and TDOA Features for Speaker Diarization

This correspondence describes a novel system for speaker diarization of meetings recordings based on the combination of acoustic features (MFCC) and time delay of arrivals (TDOAS). The first part of the paper analyzes differences between MFCC and TDOA features which possess completely different statistical properties. When Gaussian mixture models are used, experiments reveal that the diarization system is sensitive to the different recording scenarios (i.e., meeting rooms with varying number of microphones). In the second part, a new multistream diarization system is proposed extending previous work on information theoretic diarization. Both speaker clustering and speaker realignment steps are discussed; in contrary to current systems, the proposed method avoids to perform the feature combination averaging log-likelihood scores. Experiments on meetings data reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the GMM-based system when the recording is done with varying number of microphones.
Design of quadrature CMOS VCO using source degeneration resistor

A new schematic of quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is designed and fabricated. To obtain the quadrature characteristic and low phase noise simultaneously, two differential VCOs are forced to run in quadrature mode by using cross-coupled transistors, each with a source degeneration resistor, which is optimized to obtain quadrature accuracy with minimum phase noise. The designed QVCO was fabricated in standard CMOS technology. The measured performance shows the phase noise below -120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset, tuning bandwidth of 210 MHz from 2.34 GHz to 2.55 GHz with a tuning voltage varying from 0 to 1.8 V. Quadrature error of 0.5/spl deg/ and amplitude error of 0.2 dB were measured in conjunction with a low-IF mixer. The fabricated QVCO requires 19 mA, including 5 mA in the VCO core part, from a 1.8 V supply.
Interactive Effects of the BIS and the BAS on Trajectories of Alcohol Misuse after University Graduation

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory predicts that those with a strong behavioral inhibition system (BIS) likely experience considerable anxiety and uncertainty during the transition out of university. Accordingly, they may continue to drink heavily to cope during this time (a period associated with normative reductions in heavy drinking), but only if they also have a strong behavioral approach system (BAS) to enhance the anxiolytic effects of drinking. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Participants completed online measures prior to and at 3-month intervals over the course of the year following graduation. As hypothesized, results showed that an elevated BIS predicted impeded maturing out, but only when the impulsivity facet of BAS was also elevated. In contrast, a strong BIS predicted rapid maturing out if BAS impulsivity was weak. Study findings advance our understanding of BIS-related alcohol misuse trajectories in young adulthood and provide direction for clinical interventions.
Optimal Sensor Rules and Unified Fusion Rules for Multisensor Multi-hypothesis Network Decision Systems with Fading Channels

In this paper, we firstly present optimal sensor rules with fading channel for a given fusion rule, in which sensor observations are not necessarily independent of each other. Then as a preliminary result to solve the unified fusion rule problem for multisensor multi-hypothesis network decision systems with fading channels, we propose the unified fusion rule for a specific l sensors parallel binary Bayesian decision system under assumption that the ith sensor is required to transmit a certain number ri of bits via fading channel while the fusion center can receive its own observation. Since the communication pattern at every node including the fusion center in the multisensor multi-hypothesis decision network are the same as the above parallel binary Bayesian decision system, the above unified fusion rule results can be extended appropriately to more general multisensor multi-hypothesis network decision systems with fading channels, such as the tandem and tree network. More precisely speaking, for these network decision systems, a unified fusion rule is proposed. People only need to optimize sensor rules under the proposed unified fusion rule to achieve global optimal decision performance. More significantly, the unified fusion rule does not depend distributions of sensor observations, decision criterion, and the characteristics of fading channels.Finally, several numerical examples support the above analytic results and show a interesting phenomenon that the two points (0, 0) and (1, 1) may not be the beginning and end points of ROCs when all channels are fading channels, while in ideal channel case they are the start and end.
Effects of psychological eating behaviour domains on the asscoiation between socio-economic status and BMI

Abstract Objective The current study investigates potential pathways from socio-economic status (SES) to BMI in the adult population, considering psychological domains of eating behaviour (restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating) as potential mediators stratified for sex. Design Data were derived from the population-based cross-sectional LIFE-Adult-Study. Parallel-mediation models were conducted to obtain the total, direct and indirect effects of psychological eating behaviour domains on the association between SES and BMI for men and for women. Setting Leipzig, Germany. Subjects We studied 5935 participants aged 18 to 79 years. Results Uncontrolled eating mediated the association between SES and BMI in men only and restrained eating in both men and women. Emotional eating did not act as mediator in this relationship. The total effect of eating behaviour domains on the association between SES and BMI was estimated as β=−0·03 (se 0·02; 95 % CI −0·062, −0·003) in men and β=−0·18 (se 0·02; 95 % CI −0·217, −0·138) in women. Conclusions Our findings do not indicate a strong overall mediation effect of the eating behaviour domains restrained eating, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating on the association between SES and BMI. Further research on other pathways of this association is strongly recommended. Importantly, our findings indicate that, independent from one’s social position, focusing on psychological aspects in weight reduction might be a promising approach.
Simulations of Magnetically Driven Supernova and Hypernova Explosions in the Context of Rapid Rotation

We present here the first 2D rotating, multigroup, radiation magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) simulations of supernova core collapse, bounce, and explosion. In the context of rapid rotation, we focus on the dynamical effects of magnetic stresses and the creation and propagation of MHD jets. We find that a quasi-steady state can be quickly established after bounce, during which a well-collimated MHD jet is maintained by continuous pumping of power from the differentially rotating core. If the initial spin period of the progenitor core is ≲2 s, the free energy reservoir in the secularly evolving proto-neutron star is adequate to power a supernova explosion and may be enough for a hypernova. The jets are well collimated by the infalling material and magnetic hoop stresses and maintain a small opening angle. We see evidence of sausage instabilities in the emerging jet stream. Neutrino heating is subdominant in the rapidly rotating models we explore but can contribute 10%-25% to the final explosion energy. Our simulations suggest that even in the case of modest or slow rotation, a supernova explosion might be followed by a secondary, weak MHD jet explosion, which, because of its weakness, may to date have gone unnoticed in supernova debris. Furthermore, we suggest that the generation of a nonrelativistic MHD precursor jet during the early proto-neutron star/supernova phase is implicit in both the collapsar and "millisecond magnetar" models of GRBs. The multidimensional, multigroup, rapidly rotating RMHD simulations we describe here are a start along the path toward more realistic simulations of the possible role of magnetic fields in some of nature's most dramatic events.
Does the brain know who is at the origin of what in an imitative interaction?

Brain correlates of the sense of agency have recently received increased attention. However, the explorations remain largely restricted to the study of brains in isolation. The prototypical paradigm used so far consists of manipulating visual perception of own action while asking the subject to draw a distinction between self- versus externally caused action. However, the recent definition of agency as a multifactorial phenomenon combining bottom-up and top-down processes suggests the exploration of more complex situations. Notably there is a need of accounting for the dynamics of agency in a two-body context where we often experience the double faceted question of who is at the origin of what in an ongoing interaction. In a dyadic context of role switching indeed, each partner can feel body ownership, share a sense of agency and altogether alternate an ascription of the primacy of action to self and to other. To explore the brain correlates of these different aspects of agency, we recorded with dual EEG and video set-ups 22 subjects interacting via spontaneous versus induced imitation (II) of hand movements. The differences between the two conditions lie in the fact that the roles are either externally attributed (induced condition) or result from a negotiation between subjects (spontaneous condition). Results demonstrate dissociations between self- and other-ascription of action primacy in delta, alpha and beta frequency bands during the condition of II. By contrast a similar increase in the low gamma frequency band (38–47 Hz) was observed over the centro-parietal regions for the two roles in spontaneous imitation (SI). Taken together, the results highlight the different brain correlates of agency at play during live interactions.
Towards comprehensive syntactic and semantic annotations of the clinical narrative

Objective To create annotated clinical narratives with layers of syntactic and semantic labels to facilitate advances in clinical natural language processing (NLP). To develop NLP algorithms and open source components. Methods Manual annotation of a clinical narrative corpus of 127 606 tokens following the Treebank schema for syntactic information, PropBank schema for predicate-argument structures, and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) schema for semantic information. NLP components were developed. Results The final corpus consists of 13 091 sentences containing 1772 distinct predicate lemmas. Of the 766 newly created PropBank frames, 74 are verbs. There are 28 539 named entity (NE) annotations spread over 15 UMLS semantic groups, one UMLS semantic type, and the Person semantic category. The most frequent annotations belong to the UMLS semantic groups of Procedures (15.71%), Disorders (14.74%), Concepts and Ideas (15.10%), Anatomy (12.80%), Chemicals and Drugs (7.49%), and the UMLS semantic type of Sign or Symptom (12.46%). Inter-annotator agreement results: Treebank (0.926), PropBank (0.891–0.931), NE (0.697–0.750). The part-of-speech tagger, constituency parser, dependency parser, and semantic role labeler are built from the corpus and released open source. A significant limitation uncovered by this project is the need for the NLP community to develop a widely agreed-upon schema for the annotation of clinical concepts and their relations. Conclusions This project takes a foundational step towards bringing the field of clinical NLP up to par with NLP in the general domain. The corpus creation and NLP components provide a resource for research and application development that would have been previously impossible.
Searching for ribosome-mRNA hybridization sites

In prokaryotes, Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences, nucleotides upstream from start codons on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that are complementary to ribosomal RNA (rRNA), facilitate the initiation of protein synthesis by allowing the two molecules to hybridize and form a double-helix. Many mRNAs, however, lack SD sequences and presumably use another mechanism to recruit ribosomes. We define a hybridization site (HS) as any mRNA sequence that forms as strong a bond to rRNA as a minimal SD sequence. Thus, SD sequences are a class of HSs that occur in a specific region. We scanned the translation initiation regions (TIRs) in 18 prokaryotic genomes and found that only 56% of the TIRs contained SD sequences, and the most stable HSs are not always upstream from start codons. Indeed, we found 2407 genes where the strongest HS in the TIR includes the start codon, deviating from the expected location of 5 to 10 bases upstream. This result suggests an alternative sequence for recruiting ribosomes to mRNAs that has yet to be characterized.
Oral Health Characteristics and Dental Rehabilitation of Children with Global Developmental Delay

Global developmental delay (GDD) is a chronic neurological disturbance which includes defects in one or more developmental domains. The developmental domain can be motor, cognitive, daily activities, speech or language, and social or personal development. The etiology for GDD can be prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal. It can be diagnosed early in childhood as the delay or absence of one or more developmental milestones. Hence the role of pedodontist and pediatricians becomes more crucial in identifying this condition. The diagnosis of GDD requires a detailed history including family history and environmental risk factors followed by physical and neurological examinations. Investigations for GDD include diagnostic laboratory tests, brain imaging, and other evidence-based evaluations. GDD affects multiple developmental domains that not only have direct bearing on maintenance of oral health, but also require additional behavior management techniques to deliver optimal dental care. This paper describes two different spectra of children with GDD. Since the severity of GDD can vary, this paper also discusses the different behavior management techniques that were applied to provide dental treatment in such children.
Coupled Simulation-Measurements Platform for the Evaluation of Frequency Reuse in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Multimode Nodes with Multiple Antennas

We address the problem of efficiently evaluating performance of concurrent radio links on overlapped channels. In complex network topologies with various standards and frequency channels, simulating a realistic PHY layer communication is a key point. The presented coupled simulation-measurement platform offers a very promising way of rapidly modelling and validating effective performance of multimode, multichannel and multiantenna radio nodes. An accurate analysis of radio channel is performed and then realistic performance with or without antenna processing is shown, verifying theoretical performance. Finally, available performance of concurrent communications on overlapped channels is exposed, showing that this approach is viable to enhance network capacity.
Determining relevancy: how software developers determine relevant information in feeds

Finding relevant information within the vast amount of information exchanged via feeds is difficult. Previous research into this problem has largely focused on recommending relevant information based on topicality. By not considering individual and situational factors these approaches fall short. Through a formative, interview-based study, we explored how five software developers determined relevancy of items in two kinds of project news feeds. We identified four factors that the developers used to help determine relevancy and found that placement of items in source code and team contexts can ease the determination of relevancy.
THE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS IN EFL STUDENTS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF IAII GENTENG, BANYUWANGI

This research is focused on analyzing the use of audio-visual aids in EFL students’ listening comprehension of IAI Ibrahimy Genteng Banyuwangi. This research is descriptive qualitative research that was set in three meetings. The subjects involved were the students of second semester. The data collection was accomplished by means of students' reflection on field notes of the observations, interviews and listening comprehension tests. The analysis was based on a constant comparison of data that were triangulated after being coded and categorized. The findings of this research were the students’ listening comprehension that was increased from the first listening test to the third listening test. Then, the record of the field notes and the interviews supported the findings from the listening comprehension tests. In another word, the use of audio-visual aids could increase the students’ listening comprehension and the students’ interest to learn English. Keywords: Audio-visual aids, students’ listening comprehension
Microarrays empirical Bayes methods, and false discovery rates

In a classic two-sample problem one might use Wilcoxon's statistic to test for a difference between Treatment and Control subjects. The analogous microarray experiment yields thousands of Wilcoxon statistics, one for each gene on the array, and confronts the statistician with a difficult simultaneous inference situation . We will discuss two inferential approaches to this problem: an empirical Bayes method that requires very little a priori Bayesian modeling, and the frequentist method of "False Discovery Rates" proposed by Benjamini and Hochberg in 1995. It turns out that the two methods are closely related and can be used together to produce sensible simultaneous inferences. •Department of Statistics and Division of Biostatistics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305; brad@stat.stanford . edu tnepartment of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305; jstorey@stat.stanford. edu trnvision of Biostatistics and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305; tibs@stat.stanford. edu
A Phenomenological Study of Adaptability, Multiple Identities, and Acculturative Strengths as an Iranian Immigrant in Malaysia

Acculturation as a lived experience refers to cultural learning and adaptation in the context of continuous cross-cultural experience through the way acculturating individuals live in the real world. Retrospective phenomenological research and self-observation analysis in cross-cultural contexts may contribute to the field in various ways including theory development, counter narratives, and innovative interventions. The current phenomenological case study focuses on emergent acculturative strengths of adaptability and possible identities: 1) cultural colonialism; 2) climate of the new culture: 3) conscious and unconscious imitation: 4) freedom from social norms; 5) paradox of language competence; and 6) concept of marginality. Implications for new approaches to acculturation theory development and research are addressed.
Adaptive control of a wind turbine based on neural networks

In this paper, we investigate on Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Neuro Control (IMRANC), for output electrical power tracking of a nonlinear non-affine Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). The nonlinear system is first identified by the Nonlinear Autoregressive network with Exogenous inputs (NARX) model that is a recurrent dynamic network. Afterward an IMRANC is designed based on NARX identified model to reach the close loop system to desired reference model. The MLP networks are applied for both of model and controller subsystems and are then trained by the Marquardt-Levenberg Back-Propagation (LMBP) algorithm while the Tapped Delay Lines (TDL) components are considered over input and feedback paths. Simulation results are final presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method like robustness and good load disturbance attenuation and accurate tracking, even in the presence of parameter variations due to changing of hydraulic pressure in hydraulic pitch system and also disturbances on the system.