Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pairwise Co-betweenness for Several Types of Network

Vertex betweenness centrality is essential in the analysis of social and information networks, and it quantify vertex importance in terms of its quantity of information along geodesic paths in network. Edge betweenness is similar to the vertex betweenness. Co-betweenness centrality is a natural developed notion to extend vertex betweenness centrality to sets of vertices, and pairwise co-betweenness is a special case of co-betweenness. In this paper, we analysis the pairwise co-betweenness of WS network model with the different reconnection probability which including rule, smallworld and random network. The pairwise co-betweenness value is represented by several different ways, and it shows some regularity with changing reconnection probability of each edge in WS network model. Meanwhile, for communitystructure network, we obtain vertex-induced subgraph with the highest betweenness vertices, and the edge-induced subgraph with the highest pairwise co-betweenness edges. We demonstrate that the edge of cross-groups is consistent with the edges with top incidental pairwise co-betweenness. Finally, further illustration to the interaction of pairwise co-betweenness and network structure is provided by a practical social network.
Progress on the diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumors

Abstract Brain tumors are one of the most challenging disorders encountered, and early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and treatment of these tumors. In this article, diagnostic modalities including single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging are reviewed. We mainly focus on the newly emerging, specific imaging probes, and their potential use in animal models and clinical settings.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): Current state, challenges, potentials and way forward

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of VANETs over the past few years. VANET consists of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Hence, government, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interested field of wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well the way forward to achieving the long awaited ITS.
A Novel Weighted Clustering Algorithm Based On Mobility For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In recent years, many studies have been conducted in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks field in order to make a virtual infrastructure consisting of nodes. The common goal of all was to select a node called clusterhead which guarantees relationships between nodes. In this paper, we have presented a new clustering algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Network based on nodes weight and their relative mobility. In this algorithm selection of a clusterhead is done during two stages. In the first stage, each node calculates its primary weight by using a new presented weighted function. In the second stage, each node calculates its relative mobility in present time and predict relative mobility in future to other neighborhoods. Then based on the primary weight of the specified neighborhood, it assigns a final weight to it. Next, based on the final weight clusterhead is selected. The goal of this algorithm is to decrease the number of cluster forming, maintain stable clustering structure and maximize lifespan of mobile nodes in the system. In simulation, the proposed algorithm has been compared with WCA, MOBIC and the Lowest_ID algorithm. The results of simulation reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves the goals.
Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion

Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion. Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean. Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as ‘impaired’ or ‘not-impaired’, using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data. Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion.
Numerical modeling of sea ice in the climate system

Worldwide emissions of CO2 from human energy-related activities are currently about 30 billion metric tons per year (a metric ton is 10 kg). One outcome of the resulting rise in anthropogenic CO2 levels has been a growing concern for the loss of ice and snow in the polar regions. The loss of ice and snow changes the way of life for humans, plants, and animals and amplifies the climate response in the Arctic. The global warming problem motivates many to understand and model the physics of sea ice. There are many other worthwhile reasons as well.
A ROLE OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS LAN USING VARIOUS SCHEMES AND RELATED ISSUES

The advancement in network based technology and augmented dependability of our everyday life on this technology. During recent years, number of attacks on networks has intensely increased. Hence interest in network intrusion detection has increased among the researchers. This study assesses different kinds of IDS and inclines preemptive procedures. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to automate the intrusion detection process. An Intrusion Deterrence System (IPS) is software which has complete competencies of an intrusion detection system and it can endeavor to stop probable events.
Fast and power-efficient hardware implementation of a routing scheme for WSNs

One of the most rapidly expanding areas, nowadays, in networking systems is the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Typically WSNs rely on multi-hop routing protocols which must be able to establish communication among nodes and guarantee packet deliveries. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the implementation of the WSN routing protocols, which takes advantage of modern FPGAs in order to provide faster routing decisions while consuming significantly less energy than existing systems. Despite our focus on a particular routing protocol (GPSR), the platform developed has the additional advantage that due to the reconfigurability feature of the FPGA it can efficiently execute different routing protocols based on the requirements of the different WSN applications. As our real world experiments demonstrate, we accelerated the execution of the most widely used WSN routing protocol (GPSR) by at least 31 times when compared to the speed achieved when the exact same protocol is executed on a low power Intel Atom processor. More importantly by utilizing a high-end FPGA the overall energy consumption was reduced by more than 90%.
RoboEarth Web-Enabled and Knowledge-Based Active Perception

In this paper we explore how a visual SLAM system and a robot knowledge base can mutually benefit from each other. The object recognition and mapping methods are used for grounding abstract knowledge and for creating a semantically annotated environment map that is available for reasoning. The knowledge base allows to reason about which object types are to be expected while exploring an environment and where to search for novel objects given a partial environment map. Prior information like task descriptions and object models is loaded from RoboEarth, a web-based knowledge base for exchanging knowledge between robots, and the created maps are again uploaded to RoboEarth. We show that by exploiting knowledge about common objects in a room and about the co-occurrence of objects, both efficacy and efficiency of the perception can be boosted.
La governance territoriale del rischio industriale: collaborazione, negoziazioni e territorio nella realizzazione del dispositivo SIMAGE di Porto Marghera

Local governance has rapidly increased in many western countries in the last decades. However, sociologists and politologists agree on the difficulty to single out sufficient (or even necessary) conditions that have to be met to build efficient local forms of governance. The present article is based on a sociological empirical research conducted with qualitative techniques in the petrochemical site of Porto Marghera (Italy). It aims at giving a contribution to public policy and local governance literature by providing an explanation of the factors that led the public and private sector to build jointly the SIMAGE device for the protection of the population from industrial risks, resulting in a peculiar form of local governance based on intersectoral scientific and technical expertise and excluding participatory processes and consultations with the population.
Conceptualizing the Visitor Experience: A Review of Literature and Development of a Multifaceted Model

ABSTRACT Although commonly considered the core product offered by visitor attractions such as museums, zoos, and heritage sites, the visitor experience has proved a difficult construct to both define and measure. This article reviews the concept of visitor experience, drawing from literature in tourism and leisure research as well as museum and visitor studies, and identifies a number of issues on which the literature presents multiple perspectives. By clarifying these issues, this article takes a first step toward building a shared vocabulary to describe and measure visitor experiences. The article presents a conceptual scheme that describes relationships among key factors, and a multifaceted model of the visitor experience that offers a way of characterizing both its content and intensity. The article thus provides a basis for future research designed to capture this elusive phenomenon.
Automatic skeletal bone age assessment by integrating EMROI and CROI processing

In this work we propose a fully automatic system for bone age evaluation, according to the Tanner and Whitehouse method (TW2), based on the integration between EMROI and CROI analysis, which ensures accurate bone age assessment for the entire age range (0–10). For both approaches novel segmentation techniques will be proposed. In detail, for the CROI analysis the bones extraction has been carried out by integrating anatomical knowledge of the hand and trigonometric concepts, whereas the TW2 stage assignment is implemented by combining the active contour models (ACM) and derivative difference of Gaussian (DrDoG) filter. For the EMROI analysis, image processing techniques and geometrical features analysis, based on difference of Gaussian (DoG), are proposed. The experimental results were conducted on a set of 30 X-Rays, reaching performances of about 87%. The performances of the proposed method are affected by the detection and extraction of the Trapezium and Trapezoid (50%). Without considering such bones the success rate raises to 91%.
Influence of functional words, term weighting measures and classifiers on Text classification

Automated text classification is a supervised learning task which uses labeled training set of documents to assign a category label to a new document based on a model generated by a classifier. The training set and test set documents needs to be preprocessed to reduce the influence of non-content words on the model derived from the training set. In this paper it is attempted to address the influence of non-content words on the classifier performance. After preprocessing the documents are represented in a machine understandable format i.e. vector space model. The terms in the document are weighted using various measures such as Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF ), Residual IDF (RIDF), x I metric, Odds Ratio (OR(t)), Information Gain (IG(t)) Chi-squared (χ2 (t, c)) and Mutual Information (MI(t)). It is also addressed the influence of different term weighting measures on text classification in news documents. The classification model can be generated using the vector space representation of training documents set with various classifiers. In this paper an attempt is made for classification model generation using the classifiers such as Naive Bayes classifier (NB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The performance of the models generated using these classifiers are measured with precision, recall, F1 and macro F1 measures with various possible combinations of term weighting measures and with functional words.
An Online UPS System That Eliminates the Inrush Current Phenomenon While Feeding Multiple Load Transformers

Numerous industrial facilities involve the installation of load transformers with their respective loads. As these loads are engaged and disengaged, their transformers are also energized and de-energized, respectively. An inrush current, which typically occurs when a transformer is energized, can easily be observed for an online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system feeding such loads. This paper proposes an online UPS system that eliminates the inrush current phenomenon caused by the switching-in of the load transformers. The UPS inverter specifically utilizes a fast acting current control scheme which enables it to regulate the load current during all energizing conditions of the load transformer connected to the UPS system. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed UPS system.
A nonlinear analysis of differential LC injection-locked frequency dividers

We present a nonlinear analysis of differential LC injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) operating at high-level injection regime. We derive the general second-order equation which describes their behaviour and its approximate solution in explicit form, by solving the shortened equations for the amplitude and phase of the synchronized oscillation. These equations are obtained by the classical method of slowly varying amplitudes and are solved by using the perturbation theory. The solution found improves the results stemming from the Adler approach, because it enables to predict both the phase and the amplitude of the synchronized oscillation, without the limitation of low-level injection. Numerical results are presented to validate the presented results.
A Fuzzy Controller for Lower Limb Exoskeletons during Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Movement Using Wearable Sensors

Human motion is a daily and rhythmic activity. The exoskeleton concept is a very positive scientific approach for human rehabilitation in case of lower limb impairment. Although the exoskeleton shows potential, it is not yet applied extensively in clinical rehabilitation. In this research, a fuzzy based control algorithm is proposed for lower limb exoskeletons during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) are acquired from the vastus lateralis muscle using a wearable EMG sensor. The resultant acceleration angle along the z-axis is determined from a kinematics sensor. Twenty volunteers were chosen to perform the experiments. The whole experiment was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, acceleration angles and EMG data were acquired from the volunteers during both sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions. During sit-to-stand movements, the average acceleration angle at activation was 11° – 48° and the EMG varied from −0.19 mV to +0.19 mV. On the other hand, during stand-to-sit movements, the average acceleration angle was found to be 57.5°–108° at the activation point and the EMG varied from −0.32 mV to +0.32 mV. In the second phase, a fuzzy controller was designed from the experimental data. The controller was tested and validated with both offline and real time data using LabVIEW.
Verification of interactive software for medical devices: PCA infusion pumps and FDA regulation as an example

Medical device regulators such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aim to make sure that medical devices are reasonably safe before entering the market. To expedite the approval process and make it more uniform and rigorous, regulators are considering the development of reference models that encapsulate safety requirements against which software incorporated in to medical devices must be verified. Safety, insofar as it relates to interactive systems and its regulation, is generally a neglected topic, particularly in the context of medical systems. An example is presented here that illustrates how the interactive behaviour of a commercial Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) infusion pump can be verified against a reference model. Infusion pumps are medical devices used in healthcare to deliver drugs to patients, and PCA pumps are particular infusion pump devices that are often used to provide pain relief to patients on demand. The reference model encapsulates the Generic PCA safety requirements provided by the FDA, and the verification is performed using a refinement approach. The contribution of this work is that it demonstrates a concise and semantically unambiguous approach to representing what a regulator's requirements for a particular interactive device might be, in this case focusing on user-interface requirements. It provides an inspectable and repeatable process for demonstrating that the requirements are satisfied. It has the potential to replace the considerable documentation produced at the moment by a succinct document that can be subjected to careful and systematic analysis.
Differential modulation of TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant Na+ channels in spinal cord astrocytes following activation of protein kinase C

TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) and TTX-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ currents are expressed in high densities (2–8 channels/microns2) in astrocytes cultured from neonatal rat spinal cord. The two Na+ current types differ up to 1000-fold in their TTX sensitivity and additionally have different steady-state activation (g-V) and inactivation (h infinity) curves. Expression of TTX-S and TTX-R Na+ currents is confined to morphologically distinguishable subtypes of astrocytes, allowing characterization of the two types of Na+ currents in isolation: stellate cells express TTX-S Na+ currents and flat pancake cells express TTX-R Na+ currents. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) exhibited different effects on TTX-S and TTX-R Na+ currents. PMA reduced peak TTX-S Na+ currents by 25– 60%; in contrast, PMA potentiated peak TTX-R Na+ currents by 60–150%. These effects developed within minutes, and were typically not reversible. PMA effects were voltage dependent, and shifted steady- state Na+ current activation of TTX-R and TTX-S currents by 6 and 18 mV, respectively, but without affecting their steady-state current inactivation (h infinity). PMA treatment also changed Na+ current kinetics. TTX-R current activation (tau m) was faster and current inactivation (tau h) changed from a single- to a bi-exponential after PMA exposure, suggesting that PKC phosphorylation may have activated formerly quiescent Na+ channels. In contrast, TTX-S current activation (tau m) was unchanged, and current inactivation (tau h), on average, decreased by 50% following PMA exposure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Empirical Modeling of Extreme Events from Return { Volume Time Series in Stock Market

We propose the discretization of real-valued nancial time series into few ordinal values and use non-linear likelihood modeling for sparse Markov chains within the framework of generalized linear models for categorical time series. We analyze daily return and volume data and estimate the probability structure of the process of extreme lower, extreme upper and the complementary usual events. Knowing the whole probability law of such ordinal-valued vector processes of extreme events of return and volume allows us to quantify non-linear associations. In particular, we nd a (new kind of) asymmetry in the return{volume relationship which is a partial answer to a research issue given by Karpo (1987). We also propose a simple prediction algorithm which is based on an empirically selected model.
An examination of a cycle of coping with strain among registered citizens’ families

Abstract The consequences of sex offender laws for both registered sex offenders and their family members have been well documented. Rarely studied, however, are how sex offender families cope with these consequences over time, a problematic gap given the collateral stigmatization family members face by society and the important role they play in the desistance process for sex offenders. Using a strain perspective, the current research study used qualitative interviews with 38 sex offender family members to explore the type of coping strategies used by sex offender family members and the dynamic evolution of these strategies over time. Our findings provide practical implications for aiding registered sex offenders and their families in an effort to increase public safety.