Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of neurobiological vulnerability factors and treatment implications for comorbid tobacco dependence in schizophrenia

There is converging evidence that certain subpopulations of smokers, such as smokers with a serious mental illness like schizophrenia (SCZ), are more likely to become addicted to tobacco and are less likely to quit smoking. This review focuses on the unique risk factors that may increase vulnerability to the initiation and maintenance of nicotine addiction in persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and also reviews the latest approaches to treating nicotine addiction and schizophrenia based on our neurobiological understanding of central nicotinic receptor systems and related neurotransmitters. In addition, suggestions for future lines of research to better understand reasons for the comorbidity of nicotine addiction in schizophrenia are discussed.
Effect of Temperature on the In Vitro Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins

Heteroresistant (methicillin-resistant) and nonheteroresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for their susceptibility to penicillinase-resistant penicillins at incubation temperatures of 37, 35, and 30 C. Susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution and by the standard Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion tests. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were higher at 35 and 30 C than at 37 C. Heteroresistance could be detected with the Kirby-Bauer test if the incubation temperature was 30 or 35 C instead of 37 C, when tests were performed against methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin, because the resistant organisms grew up to the disks even though the susceptible organisms were inhibited. At 37 C, the resistance was detectable with some strains but not with others. When cloxacillin disks were used, the temperature effect was not seen. The incubation temperature did not affect results with nonheteroresistant strains. Therefore, it is recommended that all Kirby-Bauer tests be incubated at a temperature of 35 C to insure detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Detection of these strains is of increasing importance because the incidence of infections with these organisms is increasing, particularly in hospitalized patients.
Identification of Less-Common Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes by a Multiplex PCR-Based Reverse Line Blot Hybridization Assay

ABSTRACT We developed a multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay to identify 50 uncommon pneumococcal serotypes. In combination with a previously described mPCR/RLB assay (3), all 90 pneumococcal serotypes can be identified individually (32 serotypes) or, because of predictable cross-reactions, to within small groups of two to five related serotypes (58 serotypes), which can be distinguished using serotype-specific antisera.
THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. I. A GIANT PLANET ORBITING 7 CMa

We introduce the Pan-Pacific Planet Search, a survey of 170 metal-rich Southern Hemisphere subgiants using the 3.9 m Anglo-Australian Telescope. We report the first discovery from this program, a giant planet orbiting 7 CMa (HD 47205) with a period of 763 ± 17 days, eccentricity e = 0.14 ± 0.06, and msin i = 2.6 ± 0.6 MJup. The host star is a K giant with a mass of 1.5 ± 0.3 M☉ and metallicity [Fe/H] = 0.21 ± 0.10. The mass and period of 7 CMa b are typical of planets which have been found to orbit intermediate-mass stars (M* > 1.3 M☉). Hipparcos photometry shows this star to be stable to 0.0004 mag on the radial-velocity period, giving confidence that this signal can be attributed to reflex motion caused by an orbiting planet.
Increase in Intracci lular Na*: Transmembrane Signal for Rejoining of DNA Strand Breaks in Proliferating Lymphocytes1

Two early events in the mitogen-induced entry of murine splenocytes into proliferation are (a) a rapid rise in influx of Na*, causing its total internal concentration to increase by 42 Â±7% within 2 h of culture with concanavalin A (Con A), and (b) rejoining of some 3000 DNA strand breaks per diploid genome within the same period. Con A did not induce rejoining in low Na* (<9 HIM)medium, but the process began directly when NV was added, at its usual concentration, to the growth medium. Incubation of cells with ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na*K*-ATPase, or monensin, a Na* ionophore, caused an increase in the internal Na* concentration in normal, but not in low, Na* medium. In the former (but not in the latter) medium, both ouabain and monensin caused rejoining of the DNA strand breaks to occur in resting lymphocytes, i.e., in the absence of mitogen. Stimulation of splenocytes with Con A also resulted in a rapid but transient increase in the level of intracellular free Ca2*. This effect was also observed in the absence of extracellular Na*; however, deprivation of extracellular Ca2* completely abolished this effect. Moreover, the intracellular free Ca2* level was significantly higher in cells suspended in Na*-free buffer or medium. Since the Con A-induced rejoining of DNA strand breaks occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca2* and removal of extracellular Na* had no inhibitory effect on the Con A-induced increase in the level of intracellular free Ca2*, the Con Astimulated repair could not have been mediated by the initial increase in Ca2* influx. The early mitogen-induced increase in the internal Na* concentration is a necessary and sufficient signal for the rejoining of breaks, an event that must occur before the proliferating lymphocytes can replicate their DNA.
Pilot study investigating infant vagal reactivity and visual behavior during object perception.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether changes in vagal tone were related to infant visual attention during auditory and visual events paired (synchronous) and not paired (asynchronous) in time. They predicted that infants would demonstrate greater visual attention to the synchronous slideshow and that vagal tone would decrease with visual attention. METHOD Nineteen infants, 3.5 months old, watched computer-generated synchronous or asynchronous slideshows of auditory and visual stimuli. Visual behavior and vagal tone data were collected. Vagal tone reflects physiological responses during attention or exposure to mild stressors. Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined differences in vagal tone across conditions. RESULTS Visual behavior did not differ between the synchronous and asynchronous slideshow conditions. Vagal tone was significantly lower during the asynchronous slideshow. CONCLUSION Infants may discriminate synchronous from asynchronous stimuli without changing visual behavior. Implications related to play with toys or objects are discussed.
An efficient second-order method of near-field source localization and signal recovery

In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to localize and recover multiple sources in near-field by a uniform linear array (ULA). Firstly, we transform 2-D (bearing and ranging) search into 1-D (only bearing) operation via a series of approximations between near-field and far-field with low bias. This equivalence relation has property of rotational invariance between adjacent subarrays in signal subspace, which allows us to employ ESPRIT method for the far field bearing estimation. Then the near field range and bearing can be obtained by constructing another symmetric array. Finally, utilizing the near-field manifold, the signal can be recovered without ambiguities of order and scale. The algorithm does not require high-order statistics computation and avoid the global peak searching. The performance of the algorithm is tested by simulations.
Hardware validation for intelligibility improvement of NELE on DSP processor

In communication systems, the speech signal is affected by background noise which reduces perception of the received speech. In the near-end scenario, noise can't besuppressed as it is generated in real time (background) and it reaches human ear directly. Smart way is to enhance the speech samples with respect to varying background noise. This fact opens a space for developing an algorithm that would be capable of sensing the magnitude of noise and adjusting the amplitude of the speech samples according to near-end (background) noise. Based on the noise level, speech samples can be enhanced dynamically to make it more acoustic. This work focuses on averaging the gain obtained by analyzing the speech and noise energy frame-wise to obtain the smooth gain and then implementing the Near End Listening Enhancement (NELE) algorithm on DSP TMS320C6713 processor for hardware validation. The intelligibility of the unprocessed and processed speech samples is assessed using Speech Intelligibility Index (SII).
Informed embedding for multibit watermarking

We propose a practical blind detection multibit watermarking system. The proposed system is analogous to code division multiplexing in spread spectrum communications. Performance improvements with respect to existing multibit systems are obtained by means of informed embedding. With informed embedding we exploit perceptual modelling by using a wavelet-based multiplicative mask and exploit the digital content information to improve watermark detection. We implemented the proposed system for fragile and semirobust multibit watermarks. The obtained results confirm the good system performance considering watermark properties of fidelity, efficiency, data payload and robustness against volumetric distortion sources.
An interactive approach to solve a multi-objective covering-routing problem considering critical areas

This work aims to solve a routing problem in order to cover a region where a set of areas should be revisited as soon as possible, denominated critical areas. The objective is to find an efficient route that minimizes the maximum time that these areas remain uncovered. To solve the problem we propose an interactive approach that considers both human and automated interference in the process. The results of this work can be applied in disaster management where critical actions and monitoring are required. Search and rescue and airspace surveillance systems are other examples of applications where this work can be deployed.
Into the closet : cross-dressing and the gendered body in children's literature and film

Series Editor's Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 Children's Literature and the Cultural Discourse of Cross-dressing Chapter 2 Cross-dressing in Children's Literature and Film: Three Models of Gender Disguise Chapter 3 Iconic Female Cross-dressing: The Problem of Gender in Children's Retellings of the Story of Joan of Arc Chapter 4 Re-framing Masculinity: The De-stabilizing Effect of the Female Cross-dresser Chapter 5 Funny Boys: Masculinity, Misogyny and the Carnivalesque in Children's Male Cross-dressing Literature Chapter 6 (Mis)Performing Gender Through a Lens: Cross-dressing in Children's Cinema Chapter 7 Emerging Identities: Cross-dressing and Sexuality in Adolescent Fiction Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index
Comparisons of substance abuse, high-risk sexual behavior and depressive symptoms among homeless youth with and without a history of foster care placement

Abstract Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare prevalence of substance use, high-risk sexual behaviors, and depression symptoms between homeless youth with and without a history of foster care placement. Background: Approximately 26,000 young persons exit foster care annually in the United States. Once they ‘age out’ of foster care, however, many young persons do not have access to comprehensive health care. They also are at risk for substance abuse, homelessness, or mental illness. Because persons with a history of foster care are at risk for negative psycho-social outcomes, it is unclear if these young people might be different than homeless youth without this history. Design: The design is descriptive and cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 156 homeless young persons, of whom 44 had a history of foster care placement, were recruited from a drop-in center that caters to homeless youth and young adults. Results: The sample was majority male and white; ages were 16–25. Significantly higher proportion of homeless former foster youth used methamphetamine within the last six months compared to non-fostered homeless youth p = 0.03). Homeless former foster youth were significantly older (p = 0.02) and less educated (p = 0.02) than their homeless counterparts without a history of foster care placement. Prevalence of using tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, crack cocaine, and powder cocaine were similar for both groups. Although not significant, a higher proportion of homeless former foster youth reported trading sex for money or drugs compared to non-fostered, homeless youth (19% versus 12% [trading sex for money], and 26% versus 14% [trading sex for drugs], respectively. Conclusions: Findings from this study show that, in general, homelessness is a negative outcome, irrespective of having a foster care history. However, those with that history need continued support when transitioning to independent living, such as access to health care, and encouragement to further their education. Relevance to clinical practice: It is important that nurses, who serve homeless youth populations, conduct a risk assessment profile, in order to ascertain a history of foster care placement, link former foster youth to social service agencies that provide risk reduction/health promotion education, and advocate for stable housing.
Circularly Polarized Beam-Scanning Microstrip Antenna Using a Reconfigurable Parasitic Patch of Tunable Electrical Size

A reconfigurable microstrip antenna with a circularly polarized (CP) beam-scanning feature is proposed in this paper. Such feature is attained using a novel methodology that effectively tunes the electrical size of a patch antenna. The proposed antenna is a microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna consisting of two square patches. One patch is driven with two orthogonal feeds for CP operation, whereas the other patch is a parasitic one of tunable electrical size for beam scanning. The parasitic patch is loaded with a narrow square slot and four lumped varactors along with their dc biasing network to effectively tune its electrical size. Because the main beam direction is determined by the electrical size of the parasitic patch, electronic beam scanning is allowed by changing the capacitance value through the applied reverse dc biasing voltage. An antenna prototype has been fabricated for experimental validation. Operating at 2.45 GHz, the antenna performance shows a monotonic CP beam scanning that ranges from -36° to 3° with a 0.48-6.64 pF tuning capacitance. The achieved peak value for the realized gain is 8.1 dBic with 2.4-dB variation along the entire scanning range.
Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population.

A cross-sectional probability survey of 3132 household adults was conducted in two Los Angeles communities in order to examine the relationship between sexual assault and prevalence of 9 major mental disorders. Diagnoses of mental disorders were compared between those subjects who reported that they have experienced sexual abuse at some time in their lives and those who were not exposed to sexual assault. Disorders assessed include major depression mania schizophrenia alcohol abuse or dependence antisocial personality phobia panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Findings revealed that 13.2% of the studied population have been experiencing lifetime sexual assault. Those who were exposed to childhood sexual abuse were more likely than those assaulted in adulthood to report the development of a mental disorder. Lifetime prevalences of affective disorder including major depressive and manic disorders and drug abuse or dependence as well as three anxiety disorders including phobia mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly higher among assaulted individuals. The risk ratios indicate that the onset of associated disorder after assault was 2.3-4.0 times greater among the assaulted group relative to the nonassaulted ones. However Hispanic ethnic background and education were unrelated to the occurrence of mental disorders following sexual assault.
Global analytic hypoellipticity in the presence of symmetry

A linear partial differential operator, L, is said to be globally analytic hypoelliptic on some real analytic manifold M without boundary if, for any u ∈ D′(M) such that Lu ∈ C(M), one has u ∈ C(M). It is of some interest to determine under what circumstances this property holds, especially for sums of squares of vector fields satisfying the bracket hypothesis of Hörmander, and for related operators such as b arising in complex analysis in several variables. Examples are known (and discussed at the end of this note) in which global analytic hypoellipticity holds [C1], [C2], [CoH], [DT1], [DT2], yet analytic hypoellipticity in the more usually studied local sense fails [Ch1], [Ch2], [HH]. Those examples all possess certain global symmetries. We have recently shown [Ch3] that global analytic hypoellipticity does not always hold for certain of these operators, so that symmetry hypotheses are no mere crutch eventually to be discarded, as might have been hoped. Our aim here is to show how global analytic hypoellipticity follows quite directly from the presence of certain symmetry, emphasizing the general nature of the result and structure of the argument. Throughout this note, “analytic” means “real analytic”, and is denoted by C. The symbols L, C∞, C refer to sections of whichever vector bundle is relevant. Our results are formulated for sections of vector bundles, rather than for functions, because that situation arises for b, but the reader will lose no ideas by assuming all functions to be scalar-valued. Let there be given an analytic manifold Ω without boundary, not necessarily compact, a compact subset K ⊂ Ω, and a linear partial differential operator L mapping sections of one analytic vector bundle over Ω to sections of a second such bundle. We consider the following notion of regularity.
Analysis-by-Performance: Gesturally-Controlled Voice Synthesis as an Input for Modelling of Vibrato in Singing

In this paper we introduce Analysis-by-Performance, a new methodology for addressing several signal modelling issues. This approach studies the gestural behaviour of a performer, while he/she is imitating a given sound effect with an appropriate digital musical instrument. New insights observed in the performing gestures eventually lead to a new sound production model. The Analysis-byPerformance technique is applied to the study of vibrato in singing. Indeed for several years the HANDKSETCH digital instrument gave performers the ability to imitate vibrato in singing in a highly natural and expressive way. Results from gestural analysis of the HANDKSETCH practice are presented and a new vibrato model based on glottal flow parameters is proposed.
Renal arteries: isotropic, high-spatial-resolution, unenhanced MR angiography with three-dimensional radial phase contrast.

PURPOSE To prospectively compare a new three-dimensional (3D) radial phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic method with contrast material-enhanced MR angiography for anatomic assessment of the renal arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS An institutional review board approved this prospective HIPAA-compliant study. Informed consent was obtained. Twenty-seven subjects (mean age, 52.6 years ± 20.5 [standard deviation]) were imaged with respiratory-gated phase-contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR) prior to contrast-enhanced MR angiographic acquisition with a 3.0-T clinical system. The imaging duration for phase-contrast VIPR was 10 minutes and provided magnitude and complex difference ("angiographic") images with 3D volumetric (320 mm) coverage and isotropic high spatial resolution (1.25 mm(3)). Quantitative analysis consisted of comparing vessel diameters between the two techniques. Qualitative assessment included evaluation of the phase-contrast VIPR and contrast-enhanced MR angiographic techniques for artifacts, noise, and image quality. Bland-Altman analysis was used for comparison of quantitative measurements, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparison of qualitative scores. RESULTS Phase-contrast VIPR images were successfully acquired in all subjects. The vessel diameters measured with phase-contrast VIPR were slightly greater than those measured with contrast-enhanced MR angiography (mean bias = 0.09 mm). Differences in mean artifact, quality scores for the proximal renal arteries, and overall image quality scores between phase-contrast VIPR and contrast-enhanced MR angiographic techniques were not statistically significant (P = .31 and .29, .27 and .39, and .43 and .69 for readers 1 and 2, respectively). The quality scores for the segmental renal arteries were higher for phase-contrast VIPR than for contrast-enhanced MR angiography (P < .05). Although the noise scores were higher with phase-contrast VIPR than with contrast-enhanced MR angiography and were statistically significant (P < .05), the presence of noise did not interfere with the ability to interpret the images. CONCLUSION Isotropic, high-spatial-resolution, unenhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries is feasible with 3D radial undersampling.
Implementing BCPL on the burroughs B6700

This paper investigates the problems of implementing the programming language BCPL on the Burroughs B6700 computer. The problem is unusual because of BCPL's typeless nature and unstructured view of memory in contrast to the B6700's typed and highly structured memory. The proposals are compared with the implementation distributed by the University of Warwick. It is shown that a less awkward implementation is possible if one is primarily guided by the requirements of the language rather than conventional practice on the target machine. It is advocated that in producing the intermediate language form of a source program, the more structuring information which is discarded the more the possible implementation problems which may arise.