Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully automated analysis of padding-based encryption in the computational model

Computer-aided verification provides effective means of analyzing the security of cryptographic primitives. However, it has remained a challenge to achieve fully automated analyses yielding guarantees that hold against computational (rather than symbolic) attacks. This paper meets this challenge for public-key encryption schemes built from trapdoor permutations and hash functions. Using a novel combination of techniques from computational and symbolic cryptography, we present proof systems for analyzing the chosen-plaintext and chosen-ciphertext security of such schemes in the random oracle model. Building on these proof systems, we develop a toolset that bundles together fully automated proof and attack finding algorithms. We use this toolset to build a comprehensive database of encryption schemes that records attacks against insecure schemes, and proofs with concrete bounds for secure ones.
X-ray propagation-based equally sloped tomography for mouse brain.

BACKGROUND The outstanding functional importance of the brain implies a strong need for brain imaging modalities. However, the current imaging approaches that target the brain in rodents remain suboptimal. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS In this paper, X-ray propagation-based phase contrast imaging combined with equally sloped tomography (PPCI-EST) was employed to nondestructively investigate the mouse brain. RESULTS The grey and white matters, which have extremely small differences in electron density, were clearly discriminated. The fine structures, including the corpus callosum (cc), the optic chiasma (ox) and the caudate putamen (CPu), were revealed. Compared to the filtered back projection reconstruction, the PPCI-EST significantly reduce projection number while maintaining sufficient image quality. CONCLUSIONS It could be a potential tool for fast and low-dose phase-contrast imaging to biomedical specimens.
MyriMatch: highly accurate tandem mass spectral peptide identification by multivariate hypergeometric analysis.

Shotgun proteomics experiments are dependent upon database search engines to identify peptides from tandem mass spectra. Many of these algorithms score potential identifications by evaluating the number of fragment ions matched between each peptide sequence and an observed spectrum. These systems, however, generally do not distinguish between matching an intense peak and matching a minor peak. We have developed a statistical model to score peptide matches that is based upon the multivariate hypergeometric distribution. This scorer, part of the "MyriMatch" database search engine, places greater emphasis on matching intense peaks. The probability that the best match for each spectrum has occurred by random chance can be employed to separate correct matches from random ones. We evaluated this software on data sets from three different laboratories employing three different ion trap instruments. Employing a novel system for testing discrimination, we demonstrate that stratifying peaks into multiple intensity classes improves the discrimination of scoring. We compare MyriMatch results to those of Sequest and X! Tandem, revealing that it is capable of higher discrimination than either of these algorithms. When minimal peak filtering is employed, performance plummets for a scoring model that does not stratify matched peaks by intensity. On the other hand, we find that MyriMatch discrimination improves as more peaks are retained in each spectrum. MyriMatch also scales well to tandem mass spectra from high-resolution mass analyzers. These findings may indicate limitations for existing database search scorers that count matched peaks without differentiating them by intensity. This software and source code is available under Mozilla Public License at this URL: http://www.mc. vanderbilt.edu/msrc/bioinformatics/.
Variability of Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A in Spot Samples, First Morning Voids, and 24-Hour Collections

Background: Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is widespread. After exposure, BPA is rapidly metabolized and eliminated in urine. Therefore, there is considerable within-person and between-person variability of BPA concentrations in spot urine samples. However, no information exists on the within-day variability of urinary BPA concentrations. Objectives: We examined the between-person and within-person and between-day and within-day variability in the urinary BPA concentrations of eight adults who collected all voids for 1 week to investigate the impact of sampling strategy in the exposure assessment of BPA using spot, first morning, or 24-hr urine collections. Methods: We determined the urinary concentrations of BPA using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The between-day and within-person variability was the primary contributor to the total variance both for first morning voids (77%) and 24-hr urine collections (88%). For the spot collections, we observed considerable within-day variance (70%), which outweighed the between-person (9%) and between-day and within-person (21%) variances. Conclusions: Regardless of the type of void (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection), urinary BPA concentrations for a given adult changed considerably—both within a day and for the 7 days of the study period. Single 24-hr urine collections accurately reflect daily exposure but can misrepresent variability in daily exposures over time. Of interest, when the population investigated is sufficiently large and samples are randomly collected relative to meal ingestion times and bladder emptying times, the single spot–sampling approach may adequately reflect the average exposure of the population to BPA.
The effect of speech denoising algorithms on sound source localization for humanoid robots

In this paper we study the suitability and performance of four major speech denoising algorithms as weighting functions for the Generalized Cross-Correlation (GCC) and discuss the role of the microphones' frequency response on the localization estimates. An evaluation is made with the humanoid robot Nao. Moving away from simulated environments, we look at the performance of sound source localization under different in-system and ambient noise conditions. We also present a time delay of arrival (TDOA) / GCC based sound source localization method for real-world humanoid robots which was used for our experiments. This method addresses the robot's shape influence by utilizing a pre-measured set of TDOAs.
Consumers in mental health service leadership: A systematic review

Contemporary mental health policies call for greater involvement of mental health service consumers in all aspects and at all levels of service planning, delivery, and evaluation. The extent to which consumers are part of the decision-making function of mental health organizations varies. This systematic review synthesizes empirical and review studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals relating to consumers in leadership roles within mental health organizations. The Cochrane Library, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for articles specifically analysing and discussing consumers' mental health service leadership. Each article was critically appraised against the inclusion criteria, with 36 articles included in the final review. The findings of the review highlight current understandings of organizational resources and structures in consumer-led organizations, determinants of leadership involvement, and how consumer leadership interacts with traditional mental health service provision. It appears that organizations might still be negotiating the balance between consumer leadership and traditional structures and systems. The majority of included studies represent research about consumer-run organizations, with consumer leadership in mainstream mental health organizations being less represented in the literature. Advocates of consumer leadership should focus more on emphasizing how such leadership itself can be a valuable resource for organizations and how this can be better articulated. This review highlights the current gaps in understandings of consumer leadership in mental health, including a need for more research exploring the benefits of consumer leadership for other consumers of services.
Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in England and Wales: population-based cohort study

Objective To derive and validate risk algorithms so that the risks of four clinical outcomes associated with statin use can be estimated for individual patients. Design Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from 368 QResearch general practices in England and Wales to develop the scores. The scores were validated using two separate sets of practices—188 separate QResearch practices and 364 practices contributing to the THIN database. Subjects In the QResearch derivation cohort 225 922 new users of statins and 1 778 770 non-users of statins were studied. In the QResearch validation cohort 118 372 statin users and 877 812 non-users of statins were studied. In the THIN validation cohort, we studied 282 056 statin users and 1 923 840 non-users of statins were studied. Methods Cox proportional hazards models in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations. Measures of calibration and discrimination in both validation cohorts. Outcomes 5-Year risk of moderate/serious myopathic events; moderate/serious liver dysfunction; acute renal failure and cataract. Results The performance of three of the risk prediction algorithms in the THIN cohort was very good. For example, in women, the algorithm for moderate/serious myopathy explained 42.15% of the variation. The corresponding D statistics was 1.75. The acute renal failure algorithm explained 59.62% of the variation (D statistic=2.49). The cataract algorithm explained 59.14% of the variation (D statistic=2.46). The algorithms to predict moderate/severe liver dysfunction only explained 15.55% of the variation (D statistics=0.89). The performance of each algorithm was similar for both sexes when tested on the QResearch validation cohort. Conclusions The algorithms to predict acute renal failure, moderate/serious myopathy and cataract could be used to identify patients at increased risk of these adverse effects enabling patients to be monitored more closely. Further research is needed to develop a better algorithm to predict liver dysfunction.
Electrostatics at the Active Site of Two α-Amylases: Direct Comparison of Experiment with Theory

Electrostatic interactions are of vital importance in diverse aspects of protein structure and function [1-5], including the catalytic activity [6,7], ligand binding [8], complex formation [9], proton transport [10,11], as well as their stability of folded proteins [12,13]. These interactions involve full charges on the side chains of ionizable amino acids that arise from the association and dissociation of protons to and from these acid-base groups in the protein.
Arabic text classification using k-nearest neighbour algorithm

Many algorithms have been implemented to the problem of Automatic Text Categorization (ATC). Most of the work in this area has been carried out on English texts, with only a few researchers addressing Arabic texts. We have investigated the use of the K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) classifier, with an Inew , cosine, jaccard and dice similarities, in order to enhance Arabic ATC. We represent the dataset as un -stemmed and stemmed data; with the use of TREC-2002, in order to remove prefixes and suffixes. However, for statistical text representation, Bag-Of-Words (BOW) and character-level 3 (3-Gram) were used. In order to, reduce the dimensionality of feature space; we used several feature selection methods. Experiments conducted with Arabic text showed that the K-NN classifier, with the new method similarity Inew 92.6% Macro-F1, had better performance than the K-NN classifier with cosine, jaccard and dice similarities. Chi-square feature selection, with representation by BOW, led to the best performance over other feature selection methods using BOW and 3-Gram.
Serial Concatenation of LDPC Codes and Dieren tially Encoded Modulations

In this paper, we consider serially concatenated schemes with outer novel and ecien t Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes and inner modulations effective against channel impairments, or LDPC coded modulations. With a pragmatic approach, we show how to design LDPC codes tailored for simple and robust modulation formats, like Dier entially Encoded (DE) modulations. The LDPC codes are optimized through the use of a recently proposed analysis technique based on EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. In particular, we optimize the degree distributions of the LDPC codes, obtaining signican t insights into the impact of such distributions on the performance of the proposed concatenated schemes. The EXIT chartbased optimization is conrmed by numerical simulations, considering Dieren tial M-ary Phase Shift Keying (DMPSK) at the transmitter side, and iterative demodulation/decoding at the receiver side. The obtained optimized codes show poor performance if not concatenated with the inner DE. The analysis of the optimized codes shows that the decoding complexity of these codes is lower, with respect to that of standard LDPC codes, i.e., optimized for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Learning linguistic constructions grounded in qualitative action models

Aiming at the design of adaptive artificial agents which are able to learn autonomously from experience and human tutoring, in this paper we present a system for learning syntactic constructions grounded in perception. These constructions are learned from examples of natural language utterances and parallel performances of actions, i.e. their trajectories and involved objects. From the input, the system learns linguistic structures and qualitative action models. Action models are represented as Hidden Markov Models over sequences of qualitative relations between a trajector and a landmark and abstract away from concrete action trajectories. Learning of action models is driven by linguistic observations, and linguistic patterns are, in turn, grounded in learned action models. The proposed system is applicable for both language understanding and language generation. We present empirical results, showing that the learned action models generalize well over concrete instances of the same action and also to novel performers, while allowing accurate discrimination between different actions. Further, we show that the system is able to describe novel dynamic scenes and to understand novel utterances describing such scenes.
Black Hole Masses and Enrichment of z ~ 6 SDSS Quasars

We present sensitive near-infrared spectroscopic observations for a sample of five z ~ 6 quasars. These quasars are among the most distant, currently known quasars in the universe. The spectra have been obtained using ISAAC at the VLT and include the C IV, Mg II, and Fe II lines. We measure the Fe II/Mg II line ratio, as an observational proxy for the Fe/α-element ratio. We derive a ratio of 2.7 ± 0.8 for our sample, which is similar to that found for lower redshift quasars; i.e., we provide additional evidence for the lack of evolution in the Fe II/Mg II line ratio of quasars up to the highest redshifts. This result demonstrates that star formation must have commenced at z ≥ 8 in the quasar hosts. The line widths of the Mg II and C IV lines give two estimates for the black hole masses. A third estimate is given by assuming that the quasars emit at their Eddington luminosity. The derived masses using these three methods agree well, implying that the quasars are not likely to be strongly lensed. We derive central black hole masses of (0.3-5.2) × 109 M☉. We use the difference between the redshift of Mg II (a proxy for the systemic redshift of the quasar) and the onset of the Gunn-Peterson trough to derive the extent of the ionized Strömgren spheres around our target quasars. The derived physical radii are about 5 Mpc. Using a simple ionization model, the emission of the central quasars would need of order 106-108 yr to create these cavities. As the e-folding timescale for the central accreting black hole is on the order of a few times 107 yr, it can grow by one e-folding or less within this time span.
A duality based unified approach to Bayesian mechanism design

We provide a unified view of many recent developments in Bayesian mechanism design, including the black-box reductions of Cai et. al., simple auctions for additive buyers, and posted-price mechanisms for unit-demand buyers. Additionally, we show that viewing these three previously disjoint lines of work through the same lens leads to new developments as well. First, we provide a duality framework for Bayesian mechanism design, which naturally accommodates multiple agents and arbitrary objectives/feasibility constraints. Using this, we prove that either a posted-price mechanism or the VCG auction with per-bidder entry fees achieves a constant-factor of the optimal Bayesian IC revenue whenever buyers are unit-demand or additive, unifying previous breakthroughs of Chawla et. al. and Yao, and improving both approximation ratios (from 33.75 to 24 and 69 to 8). Finally, we show that this view also leads to improved structural characterizations in the Cai et. al. framework.
Supplementary Material : Cheap Bandits 1 . Proof of Proposition 1

Proof: We prove the lemma by the explicit construction of a graph. Consider a graph G consisting of d disjoint connected subgraphs denoted as Gj : j = 1, 2 . , d. Let the nodes in each subgraph have the same reward. The eigenvalues of the graph are {0, λ̂1, · · · , λ̂N−d}, where eigenvalue 0 is repeated d times. Note that the set of eigenvalues of the graph is the union of the set of eigenvalues of the individual subgraphs. Without loss of generality, assume that λ̂1 > T/d log(T/λ+1). This is always possible, for example if subgraphs are cliques, which is what we assume. Then the effective dimension of the graph G is d. Since the graph separates into d disjoint subgraphs, we can split the reward function fα = Qα into d parts, one corresponding to each subgraph. We write f j = Qjαj for j = 1, 2, . , d, where f j is the reward function associated with Gj , Qj is the orthonormal matrix corresponding to Laplacian of Gj , and αi is a sub-vector of α corresponding to node rewards on Gj . Write αj = Q ′ jf j . Since f j is a constant vector, and except for one, all the columns in Qj are orthogonal to f j , it is clear that αj has only one non-zero component. We conclude that for the reward functions that is constant on each subgraphs α has only d non-zero components and is in a d-dimensional space. The proof of the lemma is completed by setting Ĝ = G. Note that a graph with effective dimension d cannot have more than d disjoint connected subgraphs. Next, we restrict our attention to graph Ĝ and rewards that are piecewise constant on each clique. That means that the nodes in each clique have the same reward. Recall that action set SD consists of actions that can probe a node or a group of neighboring nodes. Therefore, any group action will only allow us to observe average reward from a group of nodes within a clique but not across the cliques. Then, all node and group actions used to observe reward from within a clique are indistinguishable. Hence, the SD collapses to set of d distinct actions one associated with each clique, and the problem reduces to that of selecting a clique with the highest reward. We henceforth treat each clique as an arm where all the nodes within the same clique share the same reward value.
Etoposide‐induced cytogenotoxicity in mouse spermatogonia and its potential transmission

As cancer chemotherapeutic agents are cytogenotoxic but not target‐specific during systemic treatment, they affect all the encountered cells including the non‐cancerous ones and consequently lead to the recurrence of second malignancy in post‐chemotherapeutic cancer survivors. The effects would be persistent if the stem cells were affected. These drugs also may affect germline cells during therapeutic treatments. There is every chance that the effects are transmitted through the germline cells to the gametes and to the next generation if the gonadal mother cells are affected. Such transmission of effects from the post‐chemotherapeutic childhood cancer survivors is of serious concern but very little attention has been given so far to such studies.
Lab Test Results of HIV inactivation by electric current from Appendix E Paper

In this report, we present the results of double-bl inded studies on the use of direct electric current to alter the infectivity o£ HIV-1 for susce ptible cells in vitro. Two lymphoblastoid cell lines (H9 and CEM-SS) were exposed to aliquots of the RT strain of HIV-1 treated with direct current. Results of these studies show that virus treated with currents from 50 to 100 microamperes (ìA) has a significantly reduce d infectivity for susceptible cells.
Mediterranean Eating Pattern

IN BRIEF The Mediterranean-style eating pattern (MEP) has long been touted as a healthful way of eating. However, the health benefits of the eating pattern and key elements contributing to those benefits are still being researched. In people with type 2 diabetes, the majority of studies report that the MEP improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors. In people at risk for diabetes, the majority of studies report a protective effect of the MEP against the development of type 2 diabetes. Although more research is needed to determine whether study results can be achieved outside the Mediterranean geographical region, and especially in the United States, the high-quality individual foods and combinations of foods included in the MEP can be recommended as a healthful eating approach.
Yield of maize (Manoma spp) affected by automobile oil waste and compost manure

The study is aimed at evaluating the effects of compost manure on the remediation of automobile oil waste polluted soils, and on the yield parameters (plant height, leave surface and dry matter weight) of maize ( Manoma spp ). Analyses of soil samples of contaminated and uncontaminated sites collected with core samplers at 10 cm depth and auger samplers at two depths (surface, 0 – 20 cm; subsurface, 20 – 40 cm) were examined for chemical and physical properties, including poly aromatic hydrocarbons. Polluted soils were biotreated for testing maize in a greenhouse. Soil physical and chemical properties decreased with depth and were significantly (P 1) of heavy metals (for example; Zn, Cu, Mn) was high for maize cultivation. Paradigm approach emphasizing sustainable biological soil systems management is desired. Particularly, bioremediation of oil polluted soils using organic materials, and siting of mechanic villages several kilometers away from major land uses (residential houses, farm lands, and usable water bodies) are important for protecting the soil resources for agricultural purposes, and to ensuring environmental sanity and sustainability. Keywords: Automobile oil wastes, phytotoxicity, soil amendment, poly aromatic carbons African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(11), 1250-1256