Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women and the Decision to Leave, Linger, or Lean In: Predictors of Intent to Leave and Aspirations to Leadership and Advancement in Academic Medicine.

BACKGROUND The Association of American Medical Colleges reports continued low rates of female faculty as professors and in leadership positions. While attrition and discrimination have both been proposed as explanations, recent literature has suggested that women's professional motivations, ingrained behavior, and perceptions of organizational support may also play a role. METHODS The authors employed a series of scales informed by the turnover theory (which predicts intent to leave an organization), previously validated and used in business and engineering studies, but rarely used in academic medicine. The authors proposed and tested a multiple regression model to assess predictors (role strain, work-life balance, and organizational climate) for three outcome variables: seeking promotion, seeking leadership, and intent to leave. RESULTS Survey results from 614 faculty members indicated that gender significantly influenced both promotion and leadership seeking, but not intent to leave. Perceived work-family conflict was negatively correlated with leadership seeking for women, but not for men. Positive views of organizational support and commitment were associated with promotion seeking and persistence for all participants. Role strain was positively correlated with desire for promotion and leadership, as well as with intent to leave. CONCLUSIONS Female faculty may not be leaning in to promotion and leadership roles because of increased role conflict, work-life concerns, and organizational factors; this seems to be more of a factor for female clinical rather than research faculty. Work-family conflict affects male and female faculty differently and should be addressed in efforts to retain faculty and to remove barriers for female faculty seeking leadership opportunities.
Outcome trajectories and mediation in psychotherapeutic treatments of major depression

Trajectories and mediators of change were investigated in a process-outcome study. Patients were allocated at random to psychoanalytic therapy (PA) or psychodynamic therapy (PD), and later to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Measurement points were at pre-treatment, during ongoing treatment, at post-treatment, and during a three-year follow-up. Outcome trajectories were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Hautzinger et al. 1994), the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised Version (SCL-90-R; Franke 1995), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz, Strauss, and Kordy 2000). Therapeutic alliance and introject were tested as mediators, assessed using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ; Bassler, Potratz, and Krauthauser 1995) and INTREX, introject surface (Tress 1993). Multilevel modeling was applied to estimate outcome trajectories and to test for mediation. Symptoms decreased in early and ongoing treatment in all treatment groups. After the end of treatment, depressive and general psychiatric symptoms continued to decrease in significantly greater degree in the PA group than in the PD and CBT cohorts. During early treatment, interpersonal problems decreased significantly more in those allocated to PD than in the PA and CBT groups. During ongoing treatment, improvement in interpersonal problems was significantly higher in the PA group than in the others and, compared to CBT, continued to increase significantly after termination. Mediational analyses revealed that neither introject affiliation nor therapeutic alliance mediated differential treatment effects.
Analysis and Evaluation of the GAS Model for Distributed Graph Computation

Compared with distributed graph computation, traditionally single node computation is unfitted in processing large scale graph data. The GAS (Gather, Apply and Scatter) Model is a universal vertex-cut graph computation programming model based on edge-centric programs to support graph algorithms, which process distributed graph computation after graph partition. In this paper, we introduce that three minor-steps of GAS. We then analyze more complete process of GAS considering intra-node computation and internode communication of distributed graph computation. Based on our analysis, we evaluate the performance in different nodes of graph analysis algorithm applying GAS model. The evaluation shows that the bottleneck is computation performance or communication bandwidth depending on number of nodes, which is an inspiration of optimizing the GAS model.
Trends in Health Care Education: Research Opportunities in Teaching and Learning

The transformation that began with problem-based learning (Barrows, 1986) has extended into many aspects of teaching and learning. The major force affecting teaching style is the belief that learning is augmented if we move away from large group lecturebased teaching toward discussion in small groups, learning through scenarios and cases, and learning through reflection. Online learning content has become another major force in changing health care education, with entire curricula now being available online. A third factor that is impacting health care education is the desire to increase early exposure to clinical experience, and to link basic science research to clinical research and learning.
Sexual Dysfunction Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Southwest Nigeria

ABSTRACT Sexual functioning has received little attention as an important aspect of patient care for those suffering from schizophrenia. In Nigeria, cultural and religious factors often prevent patients from talking with their clinician about their sexual life. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and assess the determinants of sexual dysfunction in such patients. Sexual dysfunction was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale in 90 patients with schizophrenia. Demographic and clinical characteristics including quality of life, the severity of schizophrenia, and perceived stigma were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 36.7%. Higher scores on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the general subscale of the PANSS, the total scores on the PANSS, and a family history of mental illness were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. The only significant predictor of sexual dysfunction was the severity of the negative subscale of the PANSS. This study highlights the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia. Efforts should be made to identify and address this problem.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Field Stimulation Prevents Inflammation and Joint Damage in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Electrical stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), referred to here as ganglionic field stimulation (GFS), is effective in reducing clinical pain, probably by interrupting transmission of afferent impulse trains on sensory neurons as they pass through the DRG. We therefore tested whether efferent impulse trains conveyed by sensory neurons, which contribute to neurogenic inflammation, may also be interrupted by GFS.
Do Words Make a Difference? An Empirical Study on the Impact of Taxonomies on the Classification of Requirements

Requirements taxonomies help to classify and channel the requirements in a project. A very simple taxonomy is the distinction between functional and non-functional requirements. Furthermore, a taxonomy helps to decide if a statement is a requirement at all or just something else (e.g., 'information'). The quality of a taxonomy is important as we do not want to put a statement in the wrong category.In this paper, we argue that we need to take cognitive psychology into account in this task of requirements classification. Cognitive psychology focuses on the abilities and limitations of the human mind. We present a controlled experiment and a replication in which we compare three requirements taxonomies.The participants had to evaluate a set of requirements based on the given taxonomies. The results of these experiments show that there are differences between the taxonomies: Interestingly, the question whether a statement is identified as a requirement or not depends on the taxonomy. These experiments present initial results, we assume that these results are related to phenomena of cognitive psychology.We conclude that the wording should be carefully taken into account in the definition of the categories of a high quality requirements taxonomy.
How to Exploit Music Notation Syntax for OMR?

A major roadblock for Optical Music Recognition, especially for handwritten music notation, is symbol detection: recovering the locations of musical symbols from the input page. This has been attempted both with bottom-up approaches exploiting visual features, and top-down approaches based on the strong constraints that music notation syntax imposes on possible symbol configurations; sometimes joined together at appropriate points in the recognition process. The bottom-up approach has recently greatly improved with the boom of neural networks. However, the reduction in uncertainty that music notation syntax can provide has not yet been married to the power of these neural network models. This extended abstract brainstorms ways in which this can be done, and analyzes the difficulties the various combined approaches will have to address. We hope our work will foster further discussion to clarify the issues involed, provoke OMR researchers to try some of these approaches experimentally, and entice researchers from other parts of the graphics recognition community to share relevant experience.
[POSTER] Deformed Reality: Proof of Concept and Preliminary Results

We introduce “Deformed Reality”, a new paradigm to interactively manipulate objects in a scene in a deformable manner. Using the core principle of augmented reality to estimate rigid pose over time, our method enables the user to deform the targeted object while it is being rendered with its natural texture, giving the sense of a real-time object editing in user environment. The presented results show that our method can open new ways of using augmented reality by not only augmenting the scene but also interacting with it in a non-rigid manner.
Bone Formation and the Wnt Signaling Pathway.

1. Zarbock A, Kellum JA, Schmidt C, et al. Effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: the ELAIN randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 2190-9. 2. Wald R, Adhikari NKJ, Smith OM, et al. Comparison of standard and accelerated initiation of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2015; 88: 897-904. 3. Ridgeon EE, Young PJ, Bellomo R, et al. The fragility index in multicenter randomized controlled critical care trials. Crit Care Med 2016; 44: 1278-84. 4. Pocock SJ, Stone GW. The primary outcome is positive — is that good enough? N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 971-79.
Effect of pre‐slaughter shackling and wing flapping on plasma parameters, postmortem metabolism, AMPK, and meat quality of broilers

&NA; The objective of this study was to determine the effects of shackling and wing flapping on stress, postmortem metabolism, AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and quality of broiler pectoralis major. Before slaughter, a total of 80 Arbor Acres broilers was randomly categorized into 2 replicate pens (40 broilers per pen) and each pen randomly divided into 2 groups (shackling, T; control, C). Corticosterone, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were determined on blood plasma parameters. Pectoralis major were removed after evisceration and used for determination of energy metabolism, meat quality, and AMPK phosphorylation. In this study, shackling and wing flapping increased (P < 0.05) plasma corticosterone level, creatine kinase activity, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Shackling and wing flapping increased (P < 0.05) AMPK&agr;(Thr172) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, followed by rapid glycolysis and accumulation of lactic acid, and leading to a fast pH decline in the initial postmortem meat. Shackling and wing flapping have an adverse effect on final meat quality, which increased (P < 0.05) muscle lightness, drip loss, and cooking loss. The results indicate that antemortem shackling and wing flapping increased stress and AMPK&agr;(Thr172) phosphorylation, which may accelerate glycolysis and lead to a low water‐holding capacity of broiler meat.
ICDAR2017 Competition on Recognition of Early Indian Printed Documents - REID2017

This paper presents an objective comparative evaluation of page analysis and recognition methods for historical documents with text mainly in Bengali language and script. It de-scribes the competition (modus operandi, dataset and evaluation methodology) held in the context of ICDAR2017, presenting the results of the evaluation of seven methods – three sub-mitted and four variations of open source state-of-the-art systems. The focus is on optical character recognition (OCR) performance. Different evaluation metrics were used to gain an insight into the algorithms, including new character accuracy metrics to better reflect the difficult circumstances presented by the documents. The results indicate that deep learning approaches are the most promising, but there is still a considerable need to develop robust methods that deal with challenges of historic material of this nature.
CrashScope: A Practical Tool for Automated Testing of Android Applications

Unique challenges arise when testing mobile applications due to their prevailing event-driven nature and complex contextual features (e.g. sensors, notifications). Current automated input generation approaches for Android apps are typically not practical for developers to use due to required instrumentation or platform dependence and generally do not effectively exercise contextual features. To better support developers in mobile testing tasks, in this demo we present a novel, automated tool called CRASHSCOPE. This tool explores a given Android app using systematic input generation, according to several strategies informed by static and dynamic analyses, with the intrinsic goal of triggering crashes. When a crash is detected, CRASHSCOPE generates an augmented crash report containing screenshots, detailed crash reproduction steps, the captured exception stack trace, and a fully replayable script that automatically reproduces the crash on a target device(s). Results of preliminary studies show that CRASHSCOPE is able to uncover about as many crashes as other state of the art tools, while providing detailed useful crash reports and test scripts to developers. Website: www.android-dev-tools.com/crashscope-home Video url: https://youtu.be/ii6S1JF6xDw.
Identifying Key Resources in a Social Network Using f-PageRank

Key resources are important, influential and powerful performers in a social network structure. Identifying them in the social network of a business process activity is beneficial and rewarding. One of the most effective centrality measures for identification of the key nodes in a social network is to rank resources based on a selection of criteria. PageRank is a representative example of such algorithms, which was first utilized in the Google search engine in 1998. However, the PageRank approach merely assumes a single link as a vote, which allows one originator to link or transfer his work to others more than once in a handover work scenario. We argue that this problem can lead to inaccurate influence based ranking in the context of business processes for resources in a social network. In this paper, we propose f-PageRank, a new approach specifically designed to identify the key resources in a social network generated from a business process activity. We evaluate our proposed method by comparing it with the existing approaches in process mining tools, such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, BaryRanker, and HITS. The experimental results show that our approach can obtain a satisfying outcome.
Level of Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer in Nigeria. A Systematic Review

Background Despite reports of improved awareness of breast cancer entity and seemingly upbeat levels of other awareness subthemes in Nigeria, patients continue to present late when treatment is least rewarding. This paradoxical trend of both rising awareness and late presentation coupled with reports suggesting other competing drivers of late presentation question the “theory of poor awareness” as the foremost driver of late presentations. By aggregating available data, we aimed to assess what still constitutes poor breast cancer awareness in Nigeria in order to suggest how to allocate resources to reverse the paradox Method Studies conducted on Nigerian populace from 2000 to date were reviewed systematically. Search was made in PROSPERO, PubMed/MEDLINE, AJOL, Cochrane library, GOOGLE, ResearchGate and ACADEMIA. Primary outcome was level of awareness about breast cancer entity. Result Fifty-one eligible (48 descriptive surveys, 3 interventional ones) studies were reviewed. They included 19,598 respondents (98.5% females; 43% rural dwellers). 17,086(87.2%) were laypersons in various walks of life; 2,512(12.8%) were healthcare professionals. There were high levels of awareness of breast cancer entity, BSE, knowledge of fatality and benefit of early detection (weighted percentages 80.6%, 60.1%, 73.2% and 73.9% respectively). Weighted percentages of knowledge of symptoms/signs was 45.1%. Weighted percentages of sense of susceptibility and performance of BSE were low-26.8% and 22.9% respectively. Generally, rate of performance of screening did not vary with changes in the level of awareness/knowledge of concepts. Conclusion In general, low awareness of breast cancer may not be the direct and foremost driver of persistent late presentation in Nigeria.
Requirements Capture and Analysis in ASSERT(TM)

Capturing high-level requirements in a human readable but formal representation suitable for analysis is an important goal for GE. To that end we have augmented an existing controlled-English modeling language with a new controlled-English requirements capture language to create the Requirements Capture frontend of the ASSERT(TM) tool suite. Requirements captured in ASSERT can be analyzed for a number of possible shortcomings, both individually and collectively. Once a set of requirements has reached a satisfactory level of completeness, consistency, etc., it can then be further used to generate test cases and test procedures. This paper will focus on the requirements capture and analysis functions of ASSERT and will illustrate its capabilities with a sample problem previously used as a challenge problem for requirements specification.
Time‐dependent differences in cortical measures and their associations with behavioral measures following mild traumatic brain injury

There is currently a critical need to establish an improved understanding of time‐dependent differences in brain structure following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We compared differences in brain structure, specifically cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and cortical surface area (CSA) in 54 individuals who sustained a recent mTBI and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Individuals with mTBI were split into three groups, depending on their time since injury. By comparing structural measures between mTBI and HC groups, differences in CT reflected cortical thickening within several areas following 0–3 (time‐point, TP1) and 3–6 months (TP2) post‐mTBI. Compared with the HC group, the mTBI group at TP2 showed lower CSA within several areas. Compared with the mTBI group at TP2, the mTBI group during the most chronic stage (TP3: 6–18 months post‐mTBI) showed significantly higher CSA in several areas. All the above reported differences in CT and CSA were significant at a cluster‐forming p < . 01 (corrected for multiple comparisons). We also found that in the mTBI group at TP2, CT within two clusters (i.e., the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (L. RMFG) and the right postcentral gyrus (R. PostCG)) was negatively correlated with basic attention abilities (L. RMFG: r = −.41, p = .05 and R. PostCG: r = −.44, p = .03). Our findings suggest that alterations in CT and associated neuropsychological assessments may be more prominent during the early stages of mTBI. However, alterations in CSA may reflect compensatory structural recovery during the chronic stages of mTBI.
Phototransduction in Drosophila Is Compromised by Gal4 Expression but not by InsP3 Receptor Knockdown or Mutation

Abstract Drosophila phototransduction is mediated by phospholipase C, leading to activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) and TRP-like (TRPL) channels by mechanisms that are unresolved. A role for InsP3 receptors (IP3Rs) had been excluded because IP3R mutants (itpr) appeared to have normal light responses; however, this was recently challenged by Kohn et al. (“Functional cooperation between the IP3 receptor and phospholipase C secures the high sensitivity to light of Drosophila photoreceptors in vivo,” Journal of Neuroscience 35:2530), who reported defects in phototransduction after IP3R-RNAi knockdown. They concluded that InsP3-induced Ca2+ release plays a critical role in facilitating channel activation, and that previous failure to detect IP3R phenotypes resulted from trace Ca2+ in electrodes substituting for InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. In an attempt to confirm this, we performed electroretinograms, whole-cell recordings, and GCaMP6f Ca2+ imaging from both IP3R-RNAi flies and itpr-null mutants. Like Kohn et al., we used GMRGal4 to drive expression of UAS-IP3R-RNAi, but we also used controls expressing GMRGal4 alone. We describe several GMRGal4 phenotypes suggestive of compromised development, including reductions in sensitivity, dark noise, potassium currents, and cell size and capacitance, as well as extreme variations in sensitivity between cells. However, we found no effect of IP3R RNAi or mutation on photoreceptor responses or Ca2+ signals, indicating that the IP3R plays little or no role in Drosophila phototransduction.
Rapid genome shrinkage in a self-fertile nematode reveals sperm competition proteins

Examining the consequences of selfing The Caenorhabditis genus of nematodes includes a mix of closely related outcrossing and self-fertilizing (selfing) species. Genome size differs widely among these different species. Yin et al. generated a genome assembly for the outcrossing nematode C. nigoni and compared it with that of its close relative, the selfing C. briggsae. C. briggsae has experienced a substantial decrease in genome size since the two species' recent divergence. The underlying causes of this size difference appear to involve a decrease in protein-coding genes and changes in other types of sequences that have homology with RNAs expressed primarily in C. nigoni males. One of the implicated gene families, the mss family, compromises sperm competitiveness. Thus, in nematodes, selfing appears to result in a decrease in genome size owing to selection to reduce male reproductive function. Science, this issue p. 55 Caenorhabditis genomes exhibit size differences related to whether they self-fertilize or outcross. To reveal impacts of sexual mode on genome content, we compared chromosome-scale assemblies of the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis nigoni to its self-fertile sibling species, C. briggsae. C. nigoni’s genome resembles that of outcrossing relatives but encodes 31% more protein-coding genes than C. briggsae. C. nigoni genes lacking C. briggsae orthologs were disproportionately small and male-biased in expression. These include the male secreted short (mss) gene family, which encodes sperm surface glycoproteins conserved only in outcrossing species. Sperm from mss-null males of outcrossing C. remanei failed to compete with wild-type sperm, despite normal fertility in noncompetitive mating. Restoring mss to C. briggsae males was sufficient to enhance sperm competitiveness. Thus, sex has a pervasive influence on genome content that can be used to identify sperm competition factors.