Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Picosecond pulsed laser microstructuring of metals for microfluidics

Micromachining with short and ultra-short laser pulses has evolved over the past years as a versatile tool that can be employed for the creation of microstructured surfaces. A microstructured surface modiﬁes the way a ﬂuid interacts with a solid surface. Surface microstructuring can then be employed to provide surfaces with certain functionalities. By proper adjustment of the laser machining conditions, well deﬁned surface topographies can be created with suﬃcient accuracy. This allows to investigate the ﬂuid/microstructured surface interactions. However, the relation between the applied laser parameters and the shape of the emerging microstructure has not been systematically studied in literature. This thesis is dedicated to the study of some of the mechanisms underlying diﬀerent ﬂuid/microstructured surface interactions. First, an empirical model is developed for the prediction of the surface topography emerging from a process driven by short laser pulses. To this end, average ablated proﬁles are measured and employed for the simulation of the laser microstructuring pro- cess. The accuracy of the model is assessed by establishing a direct comparison between simulated and measured surface proﬁles. The model is shown to accurately reproduce the surface topography obtained from a laser micromachining process, within a certain processing window. Next, the developed model is employed as a tool for the design of ﬂuidic microstructures, as well as for the investigation of diﬀerent ﬂuidic functionalities, based on the generated microstructures. Moreover, simpliﬁed models are introduced, to relate the geometry of a microstructure to the ﬂuid-microstructure interaction. This allows the calculation of the laser processing parameters that are required to obtain a desired functional microstructured surface. Further- more, modifying key geometrical parameters, for example depths or slopes of the microstructure, allows investigating some of the ﬂuidic mechanisms responsible for the functionality. Hence, additional knowledge on the ﬂuid/microstructured surface interaction is gained by this approach.
Visual Navigation Using Projection of Spatial Right-Angle In Indoor Environment

Helping robots understand indoor scenes has considerable value in computer vision. However, due to the diversity of indoor scenes, understanding them remains a big challenge. There are many spatial right-angles in indoor scenes. These spatial right-angles are projected into diverse 2D projections. These projections can be considered a composition of a pair of lines (line-pairs). Given the vanishing points (VPs), line segments can be assigned to 1 of 3 main orthogonal directions. The line-pairs (intersection of 2 lines), such that each of them converges to a different VP, are likely to be the projection of a spatial right-angle onto the image plane. These projections may enable us to estimate their original orientation and position in 3D scenes. In this paper, we presented a method to efficiently understand indoor scenes from a single image, without training or any knowledge of the camera’s internal calibration. Through geometric inference of line-pairs, it is possible to find these spatial right-angle projections. Then, these projections can be assigned to different clusters, and the line that lies in the neighbor-cluster helps us estimate the layout of the indoor scene. The proposed approach required no prior training. We compared the room layout estimated by our algorithm against the room box ground truth, measuring the percentage of pixels that were correctly classified. These experiments showed that our method estimated not only room layout, but also details of the indoor scene.
Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria

There has been a large increase in the number of children and adolescents who question conventional gender expectations and seek recognition and acceptance of their gender diversity, wishing to develop a body that is congruent with their gender feelings.1 Professionals may be unsure how best to provide supportive care, how to access the national Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) for children and adolescents, or how to deal with a transgender young person presenting with another clinical problem unrelated to their gender transition. Faced with very distressed young people, they may feel under pressure to initiate physical intervention without consultation with psychosocial colleagues. It is important that all professionals are aware of the care pathway for transgender children that may be of relevance in a range of paediatric settings. The purpose of this practice review is to present an up-to-date perspective on the care of transgender children and adolescents to guide management and to enable the provision of a practical, evidence-based approach to their support. Gender atypical behaviour is common among young children and can be part of general development. It is difficult to determine the exact incidence and prevalence of more intense and long-standing gender dysphoria (GD) in the UK and elsewhere as the total number of children and young people referred to the GIDS has risen exponentially since 20112 (figure 1). A striking feature of this increase is the large proportion of birth-registered females from 2011 onwards. This increase and the change in sex ratio is also seen in other countries.1 The reasons are not fully explicable and a number of questions arise. Is this increase due mostly to the greater tolerance of gender-diverse expression in westernised society? Is male status still regarded as preferable? Are all referrals to a specialist service appropriate and do all these young …
Phenotypes, genotypes, and the management of paroxysmal movement disorders

As a consequence of the genomic revolution, a large number of publications describing paroxysmal movement disorders have been published in the last few years, shedding light on their molecular pathology. Routine gene testing is not necessary to guide treatment for typical forms of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), and episodic ataxia type 1 or 2. It can, however, be helpful in the management of atypical or complex cases, especially for genetic counselling, treatment strategies, and the offer of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Antiepileptic drugs remain the treatment of choice for PKD and episodic ataxia type 1, benzodiazepines are often useful for PNKD, and episodic ataxia type 2 benefits from acetazolamide regardless of the genetic etiology.
Characterization of Two Multidrug-Resistant IncA/C Plasmids from the 1960s by Using the MinION Sequencer Device

ABSTRACT Two A/C incompatibility group (IncA/C family) plasmids from the 1960s have been sequenced and classified into the A/C2 type 1 group. R16a and IP40a contain novel antibiotic resistance islands and a complete GIsul2 genomic island not previously found in the family. In the 173.1-kb R16a, the 29.9-kb antibiotic resistance island (ARI) is located in a unique backbone position not utilized by ARIs. ARIR16a consists of Tn1, Tn6020, and Tn6333, harboring the resistance genes blaTEM-1D and aphA1b and a mer module, respectively; a truncated Tn5393 copy; and a gene cluster with unknown function. Plasmid IP40a is 170.4 kb in size and contains a 5.6-kb ARI inserted into the kfrA gene. ARIIP40a carrying blaTEM-1D and aphA1b genes is composed of Tn1 with a Tn6023 insertion. Additionally, IP40a harbors single IS2, IS186, and Tn1000 insertions scattered in the backbone; an IS150 copy in GIsul2; and a complete Tn6333 carrying a mer module at the position of ARIR16a. Loss of resistance markers in R16a, IP40a, and R55 was observed during stability tests. Every phenotypic change proved to be the result of recombination events involving mobile elements. Intramolecular transposition of IS copies that generated IP40a derivatives lacking large parts of the backbone could account for the formation of other family members, too. The MinION platform proved to be a valuable tool in bacterial genome sequencing since it generates long reads that span repetitive elements and facilitates full-length plasmid or chromosome assembly. Nanopore technology enables rapid characterization of large, low-copy-number plasmids and their rearrangement products.
Generating Multilingual Parallel Corpus Using Subtitles

Neural Machine Translation with its significant results, still has a great problem: lack or absence of parallel corpus for many languages. This article suggests a method for generating considerable amount of parallel corpus for any language pairs, extracted from open source materials existing on the Internet. Parallel corpus contents will be derived from video subtitles. It needs a set of video titles, with some attributes like release date, rating, duration and etc. Process of finding and downloading subtitle pairs for desired language pairs is automated by using a crawler. Finally sentence pairs will be extracted from synchronous dialogues in subtitles. The main problem of this method is unsynchronized subtitle pairs. Therefore subtitles will be verified before downloading. If two subtitle were not synchronized, then another subtitle of that video will be processed till it finds the matching subtitle. Using this approach gives ability to make context based parallel corpus through filtering videos by genre. Context based corpus can be used in complex translators which decode sentences by different networks after determining contents subject. Languages have many differences in their formal and informal styles, including words and syntax. Other advantage of this method is to make corpus of informal style of languages. Because most of movies dialogues are parts of a conversation. So they had informal style. This feature of generated corpus can be used in real-time translators to have more accurate conversation translations.
Editorial: patient‐reported outcomes in chronic HCV—a PROMISing approach to an ongoing problem. Authors' reply

1. Kleinman L, Mannix S, Yuan Y, Kummer S, L’Italien G, Revicki D. Review of patient-reported outcome measures in chronic hepatitis C. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:92. 2. Younossi Z, Kallman J, Kincaid J. The effects of HCV infection and management on health-related quality of life. Hepatology. 2007;45: 806-816. 3. Younossi Z, Henry L. Systematic review: patient-reported outcomes in chronic hepatitis C-the impact of liver disease and new treatment regimens. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:497-520. 4. Gerber L, Estep M, Stepanova M, Escheik C, Weinstein A, Younossi ZM. Effects of viral eradication with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavarin, on measures of fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:156-164. 5. Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Pol S, Bronowicki JP, Carrieri MP, Bourliere M. The impact of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir on patient-reported outcomes in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C: the SIRIUS study. Liver Int. 2016;36:42-48. 6. Janke EA, McGraw S, Garcia-Tsao G, Fraenkel L. Psychosocial issues in hepatitis C: a qualitative analysis. Psychosomatics. 2008;49:494-501. 7. Danoff A, Khan O, Wan DW, et al. Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent among men with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and negatively impacts health-related quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:1235-1243. 8. Anderson RT, Baran RW, Dietz B, Kallwitz E, Erickson P, Revicki DA. Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the hepatitis C virus-patient-reported outcomes (HCV-PRO) instrument. Qual Life Res. 2014;23:561-570. 9. Evon DM, Amador J, Stewart P, et al. Psychometric properties of the PROMIS short form measures in a U.S. cohort of 961 patients with chronic hepatitis C prescribed direct acting antiviral therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47:1001-1011.
Measuring mimicry: general corticospinal facilitation during observation of naturalistic behaviour

Mimicry of others' postures and behaviours forms an implicit yet indispensable component of social interactions. However, whereas numerous behavioural studies have investigated the occurrence of mimicry and its social sensitivity, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure corticospinal facilitation during a naturalistic behaviour observation task adapted from the behavioural mimicry literature. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in participants' right hands were measured as they observed stimulus videos of a confederate describing photographs. MEPs were recorded while confederates were and were not carrying out hand and leg behaviours that also differed in spatial extent (i.e. large behaviours: face rubbing and leg crossing; small behaviours: finger tapping and foot bouncing). Importantly, the cover task instructions did not refer to the behaviours but instead required participants to focus on the confederates' photograph descriptions in order to later perform a recognition test. A general arousal effect was found, with higher MEPs during stimulus video observation than during a fixation‐cross baseline, regardless of whether or not the confederate was carrying out a behaviour at the time of the pulse. When controlling for this general arousal effect, results showed that MEPs during observation of the larger two behaviours were significantly higher than the smaller two behaviours, irrespective of effector. Thus, using a controlled yet naturalistic paradigm, this study suggests that general sensorimotor arousal during social interactions could play a role in implicit behavioural mimicry.
Secrecy and Connection Performance for Uplink Transmission in Non-Uniform HetNets

This paper investigates secrecy and connection performance for uplink transmission in a two-tier heterogeneous network with non-uniformly deployed low- power small base stations (BSs). All BSs and the eavesdropper are equipped with multiple antennas. We propose an aggregate interference approximation approach to characterize the statistics of interference generated by users associated with small BSs to facilitate our analysis. Then the secrecy outage probability and successful connection probability for a randomly located macro user are derived. In addition, we characterize them for a special case where macro BSs and eavesdropper are equipped with single antenna. Numerical results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the aggregate interference approximation approach. Besides, the theoretical results fit well with the numerical results.
Detection of Low Molecular Weight Molecules by using Optical Biosensors

Detection of drugs or illegal compounds in food or drinking water increasingly plays an important role in human health and safety regulations. For this thesis different tools enabling the monitoring of these compounds were investigated. Three different optical biosensors (grating coupler, Surface Plasmon Resonance and total internal reflection fluorescence) and a variety of immunoassays were investigated to develop a system best suited for this task. Initially, the device based on total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) promising the highest sensitivity was developed and validated. In the final set-up oligonucleotides at a concentration as low as 10 pM (3 fmol total amount) could be detected by hybridisation to their complementary sequences. To enable the detection of low molecular weight analytes such as most veterinary drugs, this transducer platform was combined with antibodies in order to obtain a specific detection and quasi real time measurements at the same time. For the immobilisation of probes (biomolecules) to the biosensor surface and to prevent non-specific binding effects, surface modification with dextran as a surface coating was studied. Non-specific binding effects could be reduced to 2 % of that detected to a nontreated surface and the immobilisation of proteins to the surface coating could be monitored in real time. Further, alternative appropriate detection assays, for a model system with Sulphamethazine (SMZ) as analyte, were investigated on a commercially available optical SPR-based system (Biacore©). Best results were obtained with an inhibition assay using anti-idiotype antibodies, witch showed a good reproducibility and a detection limit of 2 μg/l in diluted urine. The inhibition assay was then tested on a grating coupler and the TIRF device. The TIRF device showed the highest sensitivity and detection limit (0.4 μg/l). This biosensor platform showed the potential of a fast and sensitive detection capable of real time measurements, which are indispensable for a prompt separation of infectious from safe material as aiming at a broad screening of animal and farm products.
The procedural learning deficit hypothesis of language learning disorders: we see some problems

Abstract Impaired procedural learning has been suggested as a possible cause of developmental dyslexia (DD) and specific language impairment (SLI). This study examined the relationship between measures of verbal and non‐verbal implicit and explicit learning and measures of language, literacy and arithmetic attainment in a large sample of 7 to 8‐year‐old children. Measures of verbal explicit learning were correlated with measures of attainment. In contrast, no relationships between measures of implicit learning and attainment were found. Critically, the reliability of the implicit learning tasks was poor. Our results show that measures of procedural learning, as currently used, are typically unreliable and insensitive to individual differences. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=YnvV-BvNWSo
Identification of specific posttranslational O-mycoloylations mediating protein targeting to the mycomembrane

Significance Protein secretion is an essential determinant of bacterial physiology and virulence. Members of the Corynebacteriales order have evolved a complex cell envelope containing two membranes, a plasma membrane and an outer membrane, called the mycomembrane, which harbors mycolic acids and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of unusual structure. Here, we have investigated the biogenesis of OMPs in Corynebacterium glutamicum and deciphered the role of O-mycoloylation in targeting OMPs to the mycomembrane. Partially enabled by our methodology, we found that the posttranslational state of major OMPs determined their presence in the outer membrane vs. the extracellular medium. We have also uncovered a short linear amino acid motif for O-acylation of proteins that seems to be preserved throughout the kingdoms. The outer membranes (OMs) of members of the Corynebacteriales bacterial order, also called mycomembranes, harbor mycolic acids and unusual outer membrane proteins (OMPs), including those with α-helical structure. The signals that allow precursors of such proteins to be targeted to the mycomembrane remain uncharacterized. We report here the molecular features responsible for OMP targeting to the mycomembrane of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a nonpathogenic member of the Corynebacteriales order. To better understand the mechanisms by which OMP precursors were sorted in C. glutamicum, we first investigated the partitioning of endogenous and recombinant PorA, PorH, PorB, and PorC between bacterial compartments and showed that they were both imported into the mycomembrane and secreted into the extracellular medium. A detailed investigation of cell extracts and purified proteins by top-down MS, NMR spectroscopy, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed specific and well-conserved posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including O-mycoloylation, pyroglutamylation, and N-formylation, for mycomembrane-associated and -secreted OMPs. PTM site sequence analysis from C. glutamicum OMP and other O-acylated proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes revealed specific patterns. Furthermore, we found that such modifications were essential for targeting to the mycomembrane and sufficient for OMP assembly into mycolic acid-containing lipid bilayers. Collectively, it seems that these PTMs have evolved in the Corynebacteriales order and beyond to guide membrane proteins toward a specific cell compartment.
The Rapid Extraction of Suspicious Traffic from Passive DNS

The network traffic is filled with numerous malicious requests, most of which is generated by amplified attacks, random subdomain name attacks and botnets. Through using DNS traffic for malicious behavior analysis, we often need to test each domain alone. Besides, the amount of data is very large and simple filtering cannot quickly reduce the need to detect the number of domain names. As a result, it takes a lot of time to calculate on the premise of limited resources. Therefore, this paper introduces a extraction scheme for DNS traffic. We designed a simple and efficient method for extracting three kinds of attack traffic with the largest proportion of traffic. Besides, the method of statistics and classification was used to deal with all the traffic. We implemented a prototype system and evaluated it on real-world DNS traffic. In the meanwhile, as the recall rate reached almost 100%, the number of secondary domain names to be detected was reduced to 8% of the original quantity, and the DNS record to be detected was reduced to 1% of the original number.
The Safety and Feasibility of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology Assisted Right Posterior Lobe Allied with Part of V and VIII Sectionectomy for Right Hepatic Malignancy Therapy.

BACKGROUND Hepatectomy is the optimal method for liver cancer; the virtual liver resection based on three-dimensional visualization technology (3-DVT) could provide better preoperative strategy for surgeon. We aim to introduce right posterior lobe allied with part of V and VIII sectionectomy assisted by 3-DVT as a promising treatment for massive or multiple right hepatic malignancies to retain maximum residual liver volume on the basis of R0 resection. METHODS Among 126 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy, 9 (7%) underwent right posterior lobe allied with part of V and VIII sectionectomy. 21 (17%) underwent right hemihepatectomy (RH). The virtual RH was performed with 3-DVT, which provided better observation of spatial position relationship between tumor and vessels, and the more accurate estimation of the remnant liver volume. If remnant liver volume was <40%, right posterior lobe allied with part of V and VIII sectionectomy should be undergone. Then, the precut line ought to be planned on the basis of protecting the portal branch of subsegment 5 and 8. The postoperative outcome of patients was compared before and after propensity score matching. RESULTS Nine patients meeting the eligibility criteria received right posterior lobe allied with part of V and VIII sectionectomy. The variables, including the overall mean operation time, blood transfusion, operation length, liver function, and postoperative complications, were similar between two groups before and after propensity matching. The postoperative first, third, fifth, and seventh days mean value of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin had no significant difference compared with preoperative value. One patient in each group had recurrence six months after surgery. CONCLUSION Right posterior lobe allied with part of V and VIII sectionectomy based on 3-DVT is safe and feasible surgery way, and can be a very promising method in massive or multiple right hepatic malignancy therapy.