Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modality-specific mechanisms of protein kinase C–induced hypersensitivity of TRPV1: S800 is a polymodal sensitization site

Abstract TRPV1 is a nociceptive ion channel activated by polymodal stimuli such as capsaicin, proton, and noxious heat. Multiple inflammatory mediators activate protein kinases, especially protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates TRPV1. Emerging evidence suggests that phosphorylation of TRPV1 constitutes specific signals underpinning pathological nociception. Although the mechanisms of hypersensitivity of TRPV1 to capsaicin are well studied, the phosphorylation residues that contribute to hypersensitivity to heat or acid have not been identified. In this study, we investigated modality-specific mechanisms of PKC-induced hypersensitivity using mutagenic ablation of PKC-associated phosphorylation sites in TRPV1. In heterologous systems, TRPV1 S502 and S800, but not T704, are known to be involved in hypersensitivity to capsaicin after the application of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a PKC agonist. Unlike capsaicin, PMA-induced hypersensitivity to heat was attenuated in TRPV1 mutants T704A and S800A, but not in S502A. In contrast, PMA-induced hypersensitivity to acid was attenuated only in S800A. To examine the roles of these phosphorylation sites in more physiologically relevant conditions, TRPV1 and mutants were tested in sensory neurons from TRPV1-null mice. In sensory neurons expressing mutated TRPV1, we found that alanine mutation of S800 commonly attenuates PMA-induced hypersensitivity to capsaicin, heat, and acid. Moreover, bradykinin-induced hypersensitivity to capsaicin was largely attenuated by the S800A mutation. These results suggest that mechanisms of PKC-induced hypersensitivity of TRPV1 are modality specific and that S800 is a polymodal sensitization site integrating multiple inflammatory signals in nociceptors. Our data provide a rationale for a novel approach targeting TRPV1 S800 for antihyperalgesia.
Shape and Reflectance Recovery using Multiple Images with Known Illumination Conditions

We develop a variational method to recover both the shape and the reflectance of a scene surface(s) using multiple images, assuming that illumination conditions are fixed and known in advance. Scene and image formation are modeled with known information about cameras and illuminants, and scene recovery is achieved by minimizing a global cost functional with respect to both shape and reflectance. Unlike most previous methods recovering only the shape of Lambertian surfaces, the proposed method considers general dichromatic surfaces. We verify the method using synthetic data sets containing specular reflection.
Protein kinase C activation of intestinal glutamine transport is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases.

BACKGROUND Glutamine is essential for the preservation of intestinal structure and function and its uptake by the bowel is augmented during catabolic states. However, the signal transduction pathways implicated in brush border glutamine transport have not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of accelerated intestinal glutamine transport. Our hypothesis was that the activation of intestinal glutamine transport involves protein kinase C (PKC) and is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). METHODS [3H]L-Glutamine (50 microM) transport activity and mRNA levels for the intestinal glutamine transporter ATB(0) were measured in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Confluent cells were treated with phorbol ester (PMA, 0-10 microM), the MAPK MEK inhibitor PD 98059 (0-100 microM), actinomycin (0-0.1 microM), MAPK p38 inhibitor SB 203580 (0-10 microM), protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (0-6.6 microM), or cycloheximide (0-10 microM) for 24 h. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Phorbol ester treatment increased intestinal System B glutamine transport activity by 75%, an increase that was blocked individually by PD 98059, chelerythrine chloride, actinomycin, and cycloheximide, but not SB 203580, an effect first noted at 6 h. The resulting activity increase was consistent with de novo synthesis of transporter units and enhanced expression of transporter gene ATB(0) as indicated by a threefold increase of ATB(0) mRNA levels in PMA-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of glutamine transport in Caco-2 cells by phorbol ester occurs via signaling pathways that lead to transcription of the glutamine transporter gene. PKC and mitogen-activate protein kinase MEK are key intracellular mediators involved in this signal transduction cascade.
A Computing Model for Real-Time Stream Processing

For two main problems of the existing stream processing model: lack of support for iterative computing and tight coupling, the paper proposes a real-time stream processing model based on directed graph with sources and sinks, which supports both general DAG computing by means of directed circle detection and iteration protection as well as iterative feedback stream computing of directed circles, tow-way arcs and ring arcs. On this basis, the paper has implemented a set of flexible interfaces, which supports functional programming and runs executable program directly to achieve language independence without performance loss. This computing model is applicable to a wider range with more flexible interfaces and provides an effective approach to complicated stream computing. Key words—real-time stream processing, computing model, directed graph with sources and sinks, directed circle detection, loosely-coupled business interfaces
A REGIONALIZAÇÃO TURÍSTICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO COMO REFERÊNCIA PARA A GESTÃO REGIONALIZADA DO TURISMO NO BRASIL

The scope of the article is to analyze tourism regionalization processes in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) and the characteristics leading to determination of regional tourist spaces considering concepts of space, territory, regionalism and centrality. Exploratory and qualitative methodologies were applied. Informations collected at the Official Tourism Department of Rio Grande do Sul State were organized regarding historic periods and showed the steps of public policies in regionalization processes, according to the different governs. The analysis identified that political decisions had priority in the definition of regional territories aiming at external investments. The definition of each region characteristics for regional tourism organization did not have the direct participation of local communities. Nevertheless Rio Grande do Sul State is pioneer and referential in implementing models of regional public management tourism in Brazil.
Alborz: An Interactive Toolkit to Extract Static and Dynamic Views of a Software System

Alborz is a multi-view, interactive, and wizard-based software architecture reconstruction and evaluation toolkit that takes advantage of the Eclipse plug-in technology to provide feature extensibility, and uses GXL format to interoperate with other reverse engineering tools. The current version of Alborz toolkit supports static and dynamic views of a software system. For the static view, the toolkit extracts the structure of a software system using wizard-guided forms that allow to define the high-level view of the system. The static view represents abstract components and connectors which are then mapped onto the low-level source graph to find approximate matching within the software system. For the dynamic view, the toolkit extracts high-frequent execution patterns by running feature specific task scenarios on the software system. Subsequently, the implementations of the software features in the source code are identified as a means to evaluate the structure of software. The toolkit will be available as an Eclipse plug-in to serve the software reverse engineering community
The US twin deficits in perspective: an econometric assessment

This paper assesses the effectiveness of some policy measures aimed at reducing the size of the US “twin deficits”. The effects of these policy changes are evaluated on a medium-run simulation horizon ranging from 2005 to 2015 using a world macroeconometric model. Two scenarios are evaluated: a fiscal consolidation carried out through an increase in direct tax rates, and a devaluation of the USD. The results point out that a politically viable fiscal consolidation or a plausible amount of exchange rate devaluation cannot prevent the US external debt/GDP ratio to grow further in the next years. The stabilization of the US net external liabilities requires a structural change in either the trade flows or the saving and investment ratios in the US. (*) Department of Land Economics and History, University of Chieti “Gabriele D’Annunzio”, viale Pindaro 42, I-65127, Pescara, alberto@bagnai.org. Research assistance from Christian Mongeau is gratefully acknowledged. The author retains the responsibility of any remaining error.
Novel model of neuronal bioenergetics: postsynaptic utilization of glucose but not lactate correlates positively with Ca2+ signalling in cultured mouse glutamatergic neurons

We have previously investigated the relative roles of extracellular glucose and lactate as fuels for glutamatergic neurons during synaptic activity. The conclusion from these studies was that cultured glutamatergic neurons utilize glucose rather than lactate during NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate)-induced synaptic activity and that lactate alone is not able to support neurotransmitter glutamate homoeostasis. Subsequently, a model was proposed to explain these results at the cellular level. In brief, the intermittent rises in intracellular Ca2+ during activation cause influx of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix thus activating the tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases. This will lead to a lower activity of the MASH (malate–aspartate shuttle), which in turn will result in anaerobic glycolysis and lactate production rather than lactate utilization. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of an ionomycin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ (i.e. independent of synaptic activity) on neuronal energy metabolism employing 13C-labelled glucose and lactate and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of labelling in glutamate, alanine and lactate. The results demonstrate that glucose utilization is positively correlated with intracellular Ca2+ whereas lactate utilization is not. This result lends further support for a significant role of glucose in neuronal bioenergetics and that Ca2+ signalling may control the switch between glucose and lactate utilization during synaptic activity. Based on the results, we propose a compartmentalized CiMASH (Ca2+-induced limitation of the MASH) model that includes intracellular compartmentation of glucose and lactate metabolism. We define pre- and post-synaptic compartments metabolizing glucose and glucose plus lactate respectively in which the latter displays a positive correlation between oxidative metabolism of glucose and Ca2+ signalling.
Productivity losses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based survey

Objectives We aimed to estimate incremental productivity losses (sick leave and disability) of spirometry-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a population-based sample and in hospital-recruited patients with COPD. Furthermore, we examined predictors of productivity losses by multivariate analyses. Methods We performed four quarterly telephone interviews of 53 and 107 population-based patients with COPD and controls, as well as 102 hospital-recruited patients with COPD below retirement age. Information was gathered regarding annual productivity loss, exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and comorbidities. Incremental productivity losses were estimated by multivariate quantile median regression according to the human capital approach, adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits, education and lung function. Main effect variables were COPD/control status, number of comorbidities and exacerbations of respiratory symptoms. Results Altogether 55%, 87% and 31% of population-based COPD cases, controls and hospital patients, respectively, had a paid job at baseline. The annual incremental productivity losses were 5.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 10.1) and 330.6 (95% CI 327.8 to 333.3) days, comparing population-recruited and hospital-recruited patients with COPD to controls, respectively. There were significantly higher productivity losses associated with female sex and less education. Additional adjustments for comorbidities, exacerbations and FEV1% predicted explained all productivity losses in the population-based sample, as well as nearly 40% of the productivity losses in hospital-recruited patients. Conclusions Annual incremental productivity losses were more than 50 times higher in hospital-recruited patients with COPD than that of population-recruited patients with COPD. To ensure a precise estimation of societal burden, studies on patients with COPD should be population-based.
Data stream mining architecture for network intrusion detection

In this paper, we propose a stream mining architecture which is based on a single-pass approach. Our approach can be used to develop efficient, effective, and active intrusion detection mechanisms which satisfy the near real-time requirements of processing data streams on a network with minimal overhead. The key idea is that new patterns can now be detected on-the-fly. They are flagged as network attacks or labeled as normal traffic, based on the current network trend, thus reducing the false alarm rates prevalent in active network intrusion systems and increasing the low detection rate which characterizes passive approaches.
Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the mouse interleukin 5 receptor

The rat mAbs R52.120 and R52.625 inhibit the action of IL-5 on both IL- 5-sensitive cell lines and freshly isolated splenic B lymphocytes. Neither antibody inhibits the proliferative cell responses promoted by IL-2, IL-3, or IL-4. Purified R52.120+ lymphoid spleen cells contain 15- 20-fold higher numbers of B lymphocytes responding to IL-5 in the form of maturation into antibody-producing cells. By immunofluorescence staining and flow fluorocytometry, the R52.120 and R52.625 antibodies bound to all 12 IL-5-sensitive cell lines tested. Both antibodies react with 2-4% cells in the spleen, 5% lymphoid cells, and 10-15% myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and 10-14% in the peritoneum of C57BL/6, DBA/2, and BALB/c adult mice. No positive cells for either antibody were detected in the thymus and lymph nodes of these mice. Both R52.120 and R52.625 antibodies specifically inhibit the binding of radiolabeled IL-5 to its receptor. Finally, R52.120 and R52.625 antibodies precipitate from 35S-methionine-labeled IL-5-R+ cell lysates three proteins with Mr 46,000, 130,000, and 140,000. Taken together from these results, we conclude that the R52.120 and R52.625 mAbs recognize epitopes on the IL-5-R complex very close or identical to the IL-5 binding sites.
Tensor huygens surfaces

Huygens surfaces are a superposition of scalar electric and magnetic surface impedances which are used to control wavefronts. Here we expand the capabilities of a Huygens surface to also control the polarization of the electromagnetic field. To achieve this, the Huygens surface must now compose of tensor impedances. This allows for the polarization to be altered to any desired state. To verify this idea, we develop an equivalent S-parameter model and use it to determine the required tensor impedances. We then use a custom TLM method to demonstrate a Huygens surface which takes a normally incident, linearly polarized, Gaussian beam and converts it to a circularly polarized Gaussian beam refracted by 30°.
Fast and Automatic Detection and Segmentation of unknown objects

This paper focuses on the fast and automatic detection and segmentation of unknown objects in unknown environments. Many existing object detection and segmentation methods assume prior knowledge about the object or human interference. However, an autonomous system operating in the real world will often be confronted with previously unseen objects. To solve this problem, we propose a segmentation approach named Automatic Detection And Segmentation (ADAS). For the detection of objects, we use symmetry, one of the Gestalt principles for figure-ground segregation to detect salient objects in a scene. From the initial seed, the object is segmented by iteratively applying graph cuts. We base the segmentation on both 2D and 3D cues: color, depth, and plane information. Instead of using a standard grid-based representation of the image, we use super pixels. Besides being a more natural representation, the use of super pixels greatly improves the processing time of the graph cuts, and provides more noise-robust color and depth information. The results show that both the object-detection as well as the object-segmentation method are successful and outperform existing methods.
Ethnic differences in mental illness and mental health service use among Black fathers.

OBJECTIVES We have presented nationally representative data on the prevalence and correlates of mental illness and mental health service use among African American and Caribbean Black (US-born and foreign-born) fathers in the United States. METHODS We have reported national estimates of lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of mental illness, correlates, and service use among African American (n = 1254) and Caribbean Black (n = 633) fathers using data from the National Survey of American Life, a national household survey of Black Americans. We used bivariate cross-tabulations and Cox proportional hazards regression approaches and adjusted for the National Survey of American Life's complex sample design. RESULTS The prevalence of mental illness, sociodemographic correlates, and service use among Black fathers varied by ethnicity and nativity. US-born Caribbean Black fathers had alarmingly high rates of most disorders, including depression, anxiety, and substance disorders. Mental health service use was particularly low for African American and foreign-born Caribbean Black fathers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the need for more research on the causes and consequences of mental illness and the help-seeking behavior of ethnically diverse Black fathers.
Childhood Psychopathology Predicts Adolescence-Onset Offending

Moffitt, Caspi, Harrington, and Milne (2002) found in a follow-up study that many of the supposedly adolescence-limited offenders had committed offenses past adolescence. This finding raises the question of whether adulthood starts later or whether there are two distinct delinquency types, adolescence limited and adolescence onset, each with its own etiology. The present study tested whether the adolescence-onset group could be predicted by childhood psychopathology, as compared to the adolescence-limited and no-offender groups. In sum, 355 boys and girls were included, who reported on their emotional and behavioral problems when they were 11 to 13 years old and on their self-reported criminal behavior 8 to 13 years later. The findings lend support tothe hypothesis that adolescence-onset offenders can be distinguished from adolescence-limited offenders.
MPEG-7 Description for Scalable Video Reconstruction

We present an MPEG--7 compliant description of video sequences for scalable transmission and reconstruction. The proposed method is content-based and permits efficient and flexible video coding while keeping the benefits of textual descriptions in database applications. Video objects are described in terms of shape, color, texture and motion. These features are extracted automatically and are sufficient in a wide range of applications like smart video cameras and Universal Multimedia Access (UMA). Scalable sequence reconstruction is obtained by providing at least one quantitative as well as a qualitative descriptor for each feature; video objects are described by a subset of the proposed descriptors. The scalability and the compactness of the description are demonstrated in an outdoor application.
Quetiapine modulates anxiety-like behaviours and alleviates the decrease of BDNF in the amygdala of an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Neurobiological/Neuropsychological Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis 4 1.2 Potential Factors Involved in Anxiety and Alzheimer’s Disease . 5 1.2. 1 Anxiety . 6 1.2. 2 Clinical Anxiety in Alzheimer’s Disease . 7 1.2. 3 Cognition and Anxiety . 8 1.3 The Neurobiological/Neuropsychological Basis of Anxiety . 9 1.3. 1 Anxiety Circuit . 9 1.3. 2 Amygdala . 9 1.3. 3 Hippocampus . 12 1.3. 4 Serotonin . 15 1.3. 5 Avoidance and Escape . 17 1.4 APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease . 18 1.4. 1 Relevance of Transgenic Mouse Studies to Clinical Trials . 18 1.4. 2 Anxiety-Like Behaviour in APP/PS1 . 20 1.5 Behavioural Testing: The Elevated T Maze . 21 1.5. 1 Overview of the Elevated T-Maze (ETM) . 21 1.5. 2 Pharmacological Studies Using the ETM . 23 1.5. 3 Neuronal Connectivity and Anxiety . 25 1.6 Quetiapine’s Effect in Alzheimer’s Disease . 26 1.6. 1 Atypical Antipsychotics . 26 1.6. 2 Neuroprotective Properties of Quetiapine and Other Atypical Antipsychotics . 28 1.6. 3 Neurogenesis, Atypical Antipsychotics and Alzheimer’s disease . 30
A comparison of image compression by neural networks and principal component analysis

A set of images was compressed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) utilizing error back-propagation and by principal component analysis (PCA). The total sum square error (TSE) was compared for each method using the training data and a second set of test images. The difference between seen and unseen images with respect to TSSE is more pronounced in 32 by 16 pixel segments than in 8 by 8 segments in PCA compression. Further experimentation showed that the 8-by-8-pixel segments are optimal with regard to TSSE on unseen data. ANNs also seem to generalize less accurately on larger segments. Since the time taken for neural network compression learning is about an order of magnitude higher than PCA, and PCA is more repeatable in terms of the error magnitude and produces lower error for unseen segments, it would seem preferable to use PCA analysis rather than neural network methods to produce the reduced dimensional input to a diagnostic network
THE REVISED COGNITIVE THERAPY SCALE (CTS-R): PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

The existing scale for assessing competence in cognitive therapy (CTS) dates from 1988 and only the previous version of 1980 has been validated to any extent. A revised version, the CTS-R, was devised to improve on the CTS by: eliminating overlap between items, improving on the scaling system, and defining items more clearly. Kolb's well-known educational model was used as a guideline. In the new 14-item scale, three new items measure general therapeutic flair, the facilitation of emotional expression, and therapist's non-verbal behaviours (optional). We hypothesized that the CTS-R would prove more user friendly and demonstrate satisfactory reliability and validity. Twenty-one mental health professionals undergoing training in cognitive therapy provided 102 video-tapes of therapy with 34 patients, reflecting three stages of therapy. The tapes were rated by four expert raters, in a balanced design. The CTS-R showed high internal consistency and adequate average inter-rater reliability. Reliability for individual items varied widely among pairs of raters. Validity was demonstrated by improved ratings of competence for trainees who saw patients early and later during the course of training. Although raters found the CTS-R a more useful tool than the CTS and satisfactory reliability and validity were demonstrated, more refinement is needed in item definition. The study has led to modifications in the CTS-R, which are in the process of evaluation.