Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine and amphetamine pharmacokinetics in oral fluid and plasma after controlled oral methamphetamine administration to human volunteers.

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) and amphetamine (AMP) concentrations in 200 plasma and 590 oral fluid specimens were used to evaluate METH pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after oral administration of sustained-release METH. METHODS Eight participants received four oral 10-mg S-(+)-METH hydrochloride sustained-release tablets within 7 days. Three weeks later, five participants received four oral 20-mg doses. Blood samples were collected for up to 24 h and oral fluid for up to 72 h after drug administration. RESULTS After the first oral dose, initial plasma METH detection was within 0.25-2 h; c(max) was 14.5-33.8 micro g/L (10 mg) and 26.2-44.3 micro g/L (20 mg) within 2-12 h. In oral fluid, METH was detected as early as 0.08-2 h; c(max) was 24.7-312.2 micro g/L (10 mg) and 75.3-321.7 micro g/L (20 mg) and occurred at 2-12 h. The median oral fluid-plasma METH concentration ratio was 2.0 across 24 h and was highly variable. Neutral cotton swab collection yielded significantly higher METH and AMP concentrations than citric acid candy-stimulated expectoration. Mean (SD) areas under the curve for AMP were 21% +/- 25% and 24% +/- 11% of those observed for METH in plasma and oral fluid, respectively. After a single low or high dose, plasma METH was >2.5 micro g/L for up to 24 h in 9 of 12 individuals (mean, 7.3 +/- 5.5 micro g/L at 24 h); in oral fluid the detection window was at least 24 h (mean, 18.8 +/- 18.0 micro g/L at 24 h). The plasma and oral fluid 24-h METH detection rates were 54% and 60%, respectively. After four administrations, METH was measurable for 36-72 h (mean, 58.3 +/- 14.5 h). CONCLUSIONS Perceived advantages of oral fluid for verifying METH exposure compared with urine include simpler specimen collection and reduced potential for adulteration, but urine offers higher analyte concentrations and a greater window of detection.
Flash memory in embedded Java programs

This paper introduces a Java execution environment with the capability for storing constant heap data in Flash, thus saving valuable RAM. The extension is motivated by the structure of three industrial applications which demonstrate the need for storing constant data in Flash on small embedded devices. The paper introduces the concept of host initialization of constant data to prepare a Flash image of constant data that can be kept outside the heap during runtime. The concept is implemented in an interpreter based Java execution environment.
Hairball: lint-inspired static analysis of scratch projects

Scratch programming has risen in prominence, not only as a potential language for K-12 computer science, but also in introductory college courses. Unfortunately, grading Scratch programs is time-consuming, requiring manual execution of each program. Automation of this process is greatly complicated by the very reason Scratch is an attractive introductory language--the projects are multimedia in nature, requiring eyes and ears to fully appreciate. We propose Hairball, an automated system that can be used both by a student to point out potential errors or unsafe practices, and by a grader to assist in inspecting the implementation of Scratch programs. Because automatic analysis will not be able to determine the sensory effect, Hairball focuses instead on the implementation, including safe/robust programming practices, providing a "lint-like" tool for Scratch. In this case study, we have created an initial set of Hairball plugins that detect and label instances of initialization of Scratch state, synchronization between say and sound blocks, synchronization between broadcast and receive blocks, and use of timing and loops for complex animation. Our evaluation shows that Hairball is very useful in conjunction with manual analysis. Overall, Hairball was actually slightly more accurate than manual analysis at labeling these instances. Specifically for broadcast/receive, Hairball's analysis correctly classified 99% of the 432 instances, manual analysis only 81%. Overall, if Hairball was only used to identify correctly implemented instances, with manual analysis for the remainder, it would remove 76% of the instances for the manual analysis and assist in the rest, with a false positive rate of less than 0.5%.
Research on parameter influence of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission

The basic simulation model in Maxwell was constructed to discuss the parameter optimization on the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission. The factor distance between two coils was discussed and simulated in detail to show the effects on power and efficiency. To verify the simulating results, the hardware circuit was built and the actual losses were measured. The experiment and simulation results show the effects that the simulation results are almost the same as that of experiments and the construction of the model is correct.
Everybody loves a rich cousin: An empirical study of transliteration through bridge languages

Most state of the art approaches for machine transliteration are data driven and require significant parallel names corpora between languages. As a result, developing transliteration functionality among n languages could be a resource intensive task requiring parallel names corpora in the order of nC2. In this paper, we explore ways of reducing this high resource requirement by leveraging the available parallel data between subsets of the n languages, transitively. We propose, and show empirically, that reasonable quality transliteration engines may be developed between two languages, X and Y, even when no direct parallel names data exists between them, but only transitively through language Z. Such systems alleviate the need for O(nC2) corpora, significantly. In addition we show that the performance of such transitive transliteration systems is in par with direct transliteration systems, in practical applications, such as CLIR systems.
Improving recommendation quality by merging collaborative filtering and social relationships

Matrix Factorization techniques have been successfully applied to raise the quality of suggestions generated by Collaborative Filtering Systems (CFSs). Traditional CFSs based on Matrix Factorization operate on the ratings provided by users and have been recently extended to incorporate demographic aspects such as age and gender. In this paper we propose to merge CFS based on Matrix Factorization and information regarding social friendships in order to provide users with more accurate suggestions and rankings on items of their interest. The proposed approach has been evaluated on a real-life online social network; the experimental results show an improvement against existing CFSs. A detailed comparison with related literature is also present.
Tools for Rapidly Prototyping Mobile Interactions

We introduce informal prototyping tools as an important way to speed up the early-stage design of mobile interactions, by lowering the barrier to entry for designers and by reducing the cost of testing. We use two tools, SUEDE and Topiary, as proofs of concept for informal prototyping tools of mobile interactions. These tools address the early stage design of two important forms of mobile interactions: speechbased and location-enhanced interactions. In particular, we highlight storyboarding and Wizard of Oz (WOz) testing, two commonly used techniques, and discuss how they can be applied to address different domains. We also illustrate using a case study: the iterative design of a location-enhanced application called Place Finder using Topiary. In this chapter we hope to give the reader a sense of what should be considered as well as possible solutions for informal prototyping tools for mobile interactions.
MINING FREQUENT AND INFREQUENT FEATURES FROM CHINESE CUSTOMER REVIEWS

Customer reviews serve as a feedback mechanism that can help suppliers enhance their products and services, then gain competitive advantages. Mining Product features from reviews are expected to further investigate the views and attitudes of customers. This study is focus on one subtask of sentiment analysis. We want to extract the product frequent and infrequent features from Chinese customer reviews. Our approach is based on associated rule technique, and we further propose a algorithm which integrated the selfconstruct features datasets from websites to identify infrequent features. Experiments are conducted by using the reviews which download from Internet as corpus. Results proved that the algorithm will improve the performance of product features extraction, which will be helpful for identifying the real concern of customers.
Magnetism: the driving force of order in CoPt, a first-principles study

CoPt equiatomic alloy orders according to the tetragonal L10 structure which favors strong magnetic anisotropy. Conversely, magnetism can influence the chemical ordering. We present here ab initio calculations of the stability of the L10 and L12 structures of Co–Pt alloys in their paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states. They show that magnetism strongly reinforces the ordering tendencies in this system. A simple tight-binding analysis allows us to account for this behavior in terms of some pertinent parameters.
Generating Transition Probabilities for Automatic Model-Based Test Generation

Markov chains with Labelled Transitions can be used to generate test cases in a model-based approach. These test cases are generated by random walks on the model according to probabilities associated with transitions. When these probabilities correspond to a usage profile, reliability may be estimated. However, in early stages of development, such probabilities are not easy to determine, thus default profiles must be considered. In such a case it may be interesting to target some coverage criteria rather to use classical uniform probability generation approach. In this paper we enrich an existing industrial tool based on usage profile with 3 possibilities to create default profiles that improve transition coverage. We report experiments that compare the improvement of the coverage rates by our approaches with respect to uniform probabilities on transitions from a given state, which is the current default profile.
Epidemic thresholds with external agents

We study the effect of external infection sources on phase transitions in epidemic processes. In particular, we consider an epidemic spreading on a network via the SIS/SIR dynamics, which in addition is aided by external agents - sources unconstrained by the graph, but possessing a limited infection rate or virulence. Such a model captures many existing models of externally aided epidemics, and finds use in many settings - epidemiology, marketing and advertising, network robustness, etc. We provide a detailed characterization of the impact of external agents on epidemic thresholds. In particular, for the SIS model, we show that any external infection strategy with constant virulence either fails to significantly affect the lifetime of an epidemic, or at best, sustains the epidemic for a lifetime which is polynomial in the number of nodes. On the other hand, a random external-infection strategy, with rate increasing linearly in the number of infected nodes, succeeds under some conditions to sustain an exponential epidemic lifetime. We obtain similar sharp thresholds for the SIR model, and discuss the relevance of our results in a variety of settings.
Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries: Results of the INTERHEART Study

Background— Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it varies markedly in different regions of the world. The objectives of the present study were to assess the association between dietary patterns and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) globally. Methods and Results— INTERHEART is a standardized case-control study involving participants from 52 countries. The present analysis included 5761 cases and 10 646 control subjects. We identified 3 major dietary patterns using factor analysis: Oriental (high intake of tofu and soy and other sauces), Western (high in fried foods, salty snacks, eggs, and meat), and prudent (high in fruit and vegetables). We observed an inverse association between the prudent pattern and AMI, with higher levels being protective. Compared with the first quartile, the adjusted ORs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.88) for the second quartile, 0.66 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.75) for the third, and 0.70 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.80) for the fourth (P for trend <0.001). The Western pattern showed a U-shaped association with AMI (compared with the first quartile, the adjusted OR for the second quartile was 0.87 [95% CI 0.78 to 0.98], whereas it was 1.12 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.25] for the third quartile and 1.35 [95% CI 1.21 to 1.51] for the fourth quartile; P for trend <0.001), but the Oriental pattern demonstrated no relationship with AMI. Compared with the first quartile, the OR of a dietary risk score derived from meat, salty snacks, fried foods, fruits, green leafy vegetables, cooked vegetables, and other raw vegetables (higher score indicating a poorer diet) increased with each quartile: second quartile 1.29 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.42), third quartile 1.67 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.83), and fourth quartile 1.92 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.11; P for trend <0.001). The adjusted population-attributable risk of AMI for the top 3 quartiles compared with the bottom quartile of the dietary risk score was 30%. Conclusions— An unhealthy dietary intake, assessed by a simple dietary risk score, increases the risk of AMI globally and accounts for ≈30% of the population-attributable risk.
Domain Adaptation on Correlated subspace for Unseen Multiview Headpose Classification

Head pose classification from images acquired from far field cameras is a challenging problem because of the low resolution, blur and noise due to subject movements. Further there exists a domain shift in head pose classification between training (source) and testing (target) images. Also more often the head poses in the target set may not exist in the source set and acquiring sufficient samples for training is quite expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to address multi-view unseen head pose classification where the target set belongs to a different domain and has more classes than in the source. A correlated subspace is first derived using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) between corresponding head poses in the source (stationary subjects) and target set (moving subjects). A distance based Domain Adaptation technique is then used in the correlation subspace for classification of unseen head pose in the target set. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in improving the classification performance over the state-of-art.
Dose-dependent effects of cholecystokinin-8 on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men.

CCK mediates the effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal motility and appetite. Intravenously administered CCK stimulates pyloric pressures, increases plasma PYY, and suppresses ghrelin, all of which may be important in the regulation of appetite and energy intake. The dose-related effects of exogenous CCK on gastrointestinal motility and gut hormone release, and the relationships between these effects and those on energy intake, are uncertain. We hypothesized that 1) intravenous CCK-8 would have dose-dependent effects on antropyloroduodenal (APD) pressures, plasma PYY and ghrelin concentrations, appetite, and energy intake and 2) the suppression of energy intake by CCK-8 would be related to the stimulation of pyloric motility. Ten healthy men (age 26 +/- 2 yr) were studied on four separate occasions in double-blind, randomized fashion. APD pressures, plasma PYY and ghrelin, and appetite were measured during 120-min intravenous infusions of 1) saline ("control") or 2) CCK-8 at 0.33 ("CCK0.33"), 3) 0.66 ("CCK0.66"), or 4) 2.0 ("CCK2.0") ng.kg(-1). min(-1). After 90 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. CCK-8 dose-dependently stimulated phasic and tonic pyloric pressures and plasma PYY concentrations (r > 0.70, P < 0.05) and reduced desire to eat and energy intake (r > -0.60, P < 0.05) without inducing nausea. There were relationships between basal pyloric pressure and isolated pyloric pressure waves (IPPW) with plasma CCK (r > 0.50, P < 0.01) and between energy intake with IPPW (r = -0.70, P < 0.05). Therefore, our study demonstrates that exogenous CCK-8 has dose-related effects on APD motility, plasma PYY, desire to eat, and energy intake and suggests that the suppression of energy intake is related to the stimulation of IPPW.
The business of principals' inservice: Incentives for participation

trepreneurial programs in state departments of education, local school districts, and grass roots organizations sponsored by principals themselves. While some attention has been paid to the programmatic features of inservice for principals, little notice has been given to the organizational issues implicit in starting and sustaining such efforts. The organizational success of inservice providers may be judged on three criteria: (a) the degree to which their activities produce growth in principals and improvements in school outcomes; (b) the quality of their programming as judged against professional standards in the field of administration; and (c) the levels at which principals participate in inservice activities.
Ontology-based database access with DIG-Mastro and the OBDA Plugin for Protégé (Demo Description)

In Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA), the aim is to use an ontology to mediate access to data. The main contribution of this work is to demonstrate two key components of an OBDA system, whose combination allows ontology practitioners to finally realize end-to-end OBDA systems. The first component is an OBDA-enabled reasoner, named DIG-MASTRO. The second component is the OBDA Plugin for Protege, that in conjunction with the ontology editing features of Protege, functions as an OBDA system designer.
Nutrient Interactions and Toxicity Excess Dietary Vitamin E Lowers the Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes in Erythrocytes of Rats Fed Salmon Oil 1

In vitro studies suggest that high vitamin E supplementation has prooxidative activity, but very few studies have investigated this effect in vivo. We investigated the effect of excess vitamin E on the antioxidative status of rat erythrocytes and indicators of hemolysis. Six groups of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets with three different vitamin E doses [100, 1000 and 10,000 mg all-rac-tocopheryl acetate (TA)/kg diet] and two different dietary fats (salmon oil and lard) for 8 wk. The rats whose diet contained salmon oil and 10,000 mg TA/kg had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (P 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (P 0.05), catalase (P 0.05) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (P 0.05) and a lower concentration of glutathione (P 0.05) in the erythrocyte cytosol than rats whose diet contained 100 mg TA/kg. The concentration of free hemoglobin and the binding capacity of haptoglobin in plasma, both indicators of in vivo hemolysis, did not differ between rats fed the salmon oil diet with 100 or 10,000 mg TA/kg. In the rats whose diet contained lard, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and indicators of in vivo hemolysis were independent of the dietary vitamin E concentration. The results of the study suggest that an excessive vitamin E intake, when combined with salmon oil in the diet, lowers the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes without affecting in vivo hemolysis. J. Nutr. 132: 3400–3404, 2002.
PerfEnforce Overview: A Dynamic Scaling Engine for Analytics with Performance Guarantees

1. PROBLEM AND MOTIVATION A variety of systems for data analytics are available as cloud services today, including Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR), Amazon Redshift, Azure’s HDInsight, and several others. While these services greatly facilitate access to compute resources and data analytics software, they remain hard for users to tune in terms of cost and performance. Users choose a price-performance trade-off by selecting a desired number and type of service instances. It is well-known, however, that users have difficulty determining their resource needs and often attempt many configurations before finding a suitable one. Performance-centric service level agreements (SLAs) have recently been proposed in response to the above limitations. In our previous work, we’ve developed Personalized Service Level Agreements (PSLAs), an approach where users purchase service tiers (representing different performance levels) with query time guarantees. However, the challenge behind selling performance-focused SLAs for data analytics is in guaranteeing the query runtimes advertised in the SLAs. To address this problem, we developed the PerfEnforce system. PerfEnforce works with a cloud service to meet the goals of a performance-based SLA. PerfEnforce is designed for sharednothing data management systems (e.g., Myria, Spark, Impala, EMR) supporting data analytic workloads. In Figure 1, we show how PerfEnforce interacts with the PSLAManager system to provide SLAs with performance guarantees. As such, PerfEnforce is designed to support SLAs that guarantee specific query runtimes. Once the user selects a service tier, the cloud service instantiates the corresponding cluster. As the user executes queries, prediction inaccuracies and interference from other tenants using the service can cause query times to differ from the estimated ones purchased by the user. To meet the terms of the performance-based SLA, the system automatically resizes the cluster allocated to the user. PerfEnforce seeks to minimize the cluster size subject to satisfying the query runtime guarantees in the SLA. A second challenge is determining when resources should be terminated or whether new ones should be provisioned. In a cloud setting, provisioning resources is not trivial. Turning resources on or off comes with a time delay that could potentially impact tenant SLAs. In addition, user behav-
Observations on Offspring of Mice Made Diabetic With Streptozocin

My objective was to determine the effect of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male inbred mice on nonfasting blood glucose levels and body weights of offspring. Hyperglycemia was induced in CBA/H male mice by either multiple subdiabetogenic doses (MD) of STZ (5 doses/day of 50 mg STZ/kg body wt) or by a single high sublethal (SD) dose (200 mg STZ/kg body wt). Females were made diabetic by the multiple low-dose procedure. The following matings were set up: SD males with normal (NOR) females; MD males with NOR females; NOR males with MD females; MD males with MD females. Controls were matings of NOR males with NOR females. Among the first cohort of litters was born one female from the cross of an SD male with an NOR female who became spontaneously hyperglycemic at 5 wk of age; the female progeny of this cross had significantly lower body weights. All other progeny groups were normoglycemic (up to 5 wk) and had normal body weights. Test progeny weaned in the second and subsequent cohorts of litters were also normoglycemic. The major effect in this progeny group was on body weight; diabetic fathers (particularly MD males) mated with NOR females produced offspring with significantly higher juvenile body weights than the controls (increase of ∼0.5 g). These body-weight distributions also appeared more homogeneous than the more variable body-weight distribution of the controls. In contrast, MD mothers (mated with NOR males) produced second-cohort offspring with significantly lower average body weights (decrease of ∼1–2 g) than the controls. However, if MD females were mated with MD males, the second-cohort offspring had body-weight distributions that approached those observed in control progeny or in progeny where the father alone was diabetic. The mechanism and biological significance of this complex STZ-induced paternal transmission effect is unknown, although general possibilities are discussed.