Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General iteration scheme for finding the common fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings

The purpose of this paper is to suggest and analyze the general viscosity iteration scheme for an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings {Ti}i=1. Additionally, it proves that this iterative scheme converges strongly to a common fixed point of {Ti}i=1 in the framework of reflexive and smooth convex Banach space, which solves some variational inequality. Results proved in this paper improve and generalize recent known results in the literature. c ©2016 All rights reserved.
Normalizing Microtext

The use of computer mediated communication has resulted in a new form of written text--Microtext--which is very different from well-written text. Tweets and SMS messages, which have limited length and may contain misspellings, slang, or abbreviations, are two typical examples of microtext. Microtext poses new challenges to standard natural language processing tools which are usually designed for well-written text. The objective of this work is to normalize microtext, in order to produce text that could be suitable for further treatment. We propose a normalization approach based on the source channel model, which incorporates four factors, namely an orthographic factor, a phonetic factor, a contextual factor and acronym expansion. Experiments show that our approach can normalize Twitter messages reasonably well, and it outperforms existing algorithms on a public SMS data set.
Experimental study of optical properties of porcine skin dermis from 900 to 1500 nm

The weak absorption of near-IR light by skin tissue has offered an important optical window for diagnostic possibilities with optical means including optical biopsy. The strong scattering of the near-IR light by skin tissue, however, presents a great challenge to the modeling of light propagation through and the optical measurement of the tissue. We have measured transmittance and reflectance of fresh porcine skin and performed Monte Carlo simulations to inversely determine the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient and asymmetric coefficient of tissue samples in the spectral range from 900 to 1500nm. The state of cellular integrity following optical measurements was verified using transmission electron microscopy. These results were correlated with the possible effects on the measurements of the tissue optical properties.
Multilayer extrusion: Experiments and computer simulation

A mathematical model is presented for the computer simulation of multilayer flow of polymer melts in coexitrusion. The proposed model can handle an arbitrary number of layers. The viscosity of each layer is shear-rate and temperature dependent. Given the material properties, die dimensions, and process conditions, the model determines the flow field throughout the die gap. Computer simulations and experimental data are presented for a three-layer polyester/EVA/polyester film coextrusion, with emphasis on the interfacial instability and its effects on optical properties of the film. The rsults are discussed in the context of the critical interfacial shear stress criterion that has been proposed by Schrenk, et al. (1) for the onset of interfacial instability. It appears that elasticity differences between layers contribute to the interfacial instability. It is conjectured that minimizing interfacial shear stress and matching elasticities of adjacent layers is an appropriate criterion in coextrusion analysis.
Psychosocial factors related to physical activity and weight loss in overweight women.

PURPOSE This study examined whether psychosocial factors related to physical activity in overweight, previously sedentary women were affected by a 6-month behavioral weight loss program. In addition, these psychosocial factors were examined across levels of weight loss and self-reported physical activity in response to a weight loss intervention. METHODS Data from 165 overweight (body mass index (BMI) = 32.7 +/- 4.2 kg.m(-2)) women (age = 37.6 +/- 5.5 yr) who participated in a comprehensive behavioral weight loss program that included behavioral education, moderate caloric restriction, and progressive home-based exercise were examined. Body weight was assessed at 0 and 6 months. Perceived benefits and barriers, physical activity self-efficacy, and physical activity processes of change were assessed at 0 and 6 months. Physical activity (minutes per week of at least moderate-intensity activity) was assessed using the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall at 0 and 6 months. RESULTS The intervention resulted in increases in physical activity self-efficacy, behavioral processes of change, and several cognitive processes of change(P < 0.05). There was a reduction in expected barriers for physical activity (P < 0.05). Individuals with > or = 10% weight loss reported higher levels of physical activity self-efficacy, greater use of behavioral strategies to elicit social support, and fewer barriers to physical activity than those with lower levels of physical activity and less weight loss (P < 0.05). Individuals reporting higher levels of exercise also reported higher levels of physical activity self-efficacy, greater use of behavioral strategies, and fewer barriers to physical activity than those individuals with lower levels of physical activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Targeting self-efficacy, behavioral strategies, and barriers in weight management programs may improve physical activity, which may result in improved weight loss in overweight adults.
Factor Structure of Ellis' Irrational Beliefs in a Nonclinical College Population

In a study of irrational beliefs among nonclinical populations, 54 male and 75 female college students completed the Irrational Beliefs Survey. Analysis suggests that the survey measures a coherent construct and that a simple summary score is adequate for most uses. Factor analysis disclosed a unidimensional monotonic dimension of irrationality in beliefs among nonclinical respondents. The findings contrast with the appearance of ambiguous clusters of irrational beliefs reported with an inpatient population. The existence of a single dimension of irrational belief is substantially supported.
Resonant Metallic Nanostructures for Active Metamaterials and Photovoltaics

Electromagnetic metamaterials are composites consisting of sub-wavelength structures designed to exhibit particular responses to an incident electromagnetic wave. In general, the properties of a metamaterial are fixed at the time of fabrication by the dimensions of each unit cell and the materials used. By incorporating dynamic components to the metamaterial system, a new type of tunable design can be accessed. This thesis describes the design and development of resonant metallic nanostructures for use in active metamaterials. We begin by examining passive systems and introduce concepts that are critical for the design of more complex, tunable structures. We show how a simple metamaterial design, a plasmonic nanoparticle array, can be used to enhance the photocurrent of an ultrathin InGaN quantum well photovoltaic cell. We then explore how more complex resonator shapes can be coupled together in a single unit cell in order to access more complex resonant behavior. In the second half of this thesis, we use several material systems as the basis for the design of active metamaterials. We demonstrate the first tunable metamaterial at optical frequencies using vanadium dioxide, a phase transition material. We exploit this material's transition from a semiconducting to a metallic state and show how a novel fabrication scheme can be used to achieve a frequency tunable resonant response. We then abandon traditional hard and brittle substrates and develop a lithographic transfer process for adhering metallic nanostructures to highly compliant polymeric substrates. Mechanical deformation is then used to distort the resonator shapes and achieve resonant tunability of a full linewidth. This system is exploited to demonstrate interesting resonant hybridization phenomena, such as Fano resonance modulation, and sets the stage for the more elusive goal of driving two resonant nanostructures into contact. Finally, we describe the use of compliant tunable metamaterials as both refractive index sensors and surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) substrates. The results highlight the promise of post-fabrication tunable compliant metamaterial sensors and the potential for integration with spectroscopic devices in remote sensing and microfluidic device applications.
Little string theory in a double scaling limit

A double scaling limit can be defined in string theory on a Calabi-Yau (CY) manifold by approaching a point in moduli space where the CY space develops an isolated singularity and at the same time taking the string coupling to zero, while keeping a particular combination of the two parameters fixed. This leads to a decoupled theory without gravity which has a weak coupling expansion, and can be studied using a holographically dual non-critical superstring description. The usual ``Little String Theory'' corresponds to the strong coupling limit of this theory. We use holography to compute two and three point functions in weakly coupled double scaled little string theory, and study the spectrum of the theory in various dimensions. We find a discrete spectrum of masses which exhibits Hagedorn growth.
Representation and Implementation of CSP and VCR Traces

Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) was developed around a for- mal algebra of processes and a semantics based on traces (and failures and diver- gences). A trace is a record of the events engaged in by a process. Several program- ming languages use, or have libraries to use, CSP mechanisms to manage their con- currency. Most of these lack the facility to record the trace of a program. A standard trace is a flat list of events but structured trace models are possible that can provide more information such as the independent or concurrent engagement of the process in some of its events. One such trace model is View-Centric Reasoning (VCR), which offers an additional model of tracing, taking into account the multiple, possibly imper- fect views of a concurrent computation. This paper also introduces "structural" traces, a new type of trace that reflects the nested parallelism in a CSP system. The paper describes the automated generation of these three trace types in the Communicating Haskell Processes (CHP) library, using techniques which could easily be applied in other libraries such as JCSP and C++CSP2. The ability to present such traces of a concurrent program assists in understanding the behaviour of real CHP programs and for debugging when the trace behaviours are wrong. These ideas and tools promote a deeper understanding of the association between practicalities of real systems soft- ware and the underlying CSP formalism.
Preliminary evaluation of a human laboratory model of impaired control over alcohol using intravenous alcohol self-administration

Impaired control over alcohol is central to alcohol use disorder, but most research on impaired control is limited to self-report methods. This study applied intravenous alcohol self-administration to conduct a preliminary investigation of a novel human laboratory model of impaired control. Heavy episodic drinkers (ages 19–22 years) completed a two-hour intravenous alcohol self-administration session that involved an incentive to maintain breath alcohol concentration below 80 mg%. Impaired control was operationalized based on whether participants exceeded (impaired control positive; IC+) or adhered to (impaired control negative; IC−) the breath alcohol concentration limit, as well as the discrepancy between intended and actual peak breath alcohol concentration. Analyses of subjective processes revealed that IC+ participants tended to underestimate their peak breath alcohol concentration relative to IC− participants. Further, IC+ reported greater craving after an initial priming phase, and craving mediated the relationship between self-report impaired control and discrepancies between intended and actual breath alcohol concentration. IC+ participants also showed stronger within-person associations between state changes in stimulation and momentary alcohol self-administration throughout the session. Laboratory impaired control indices demonstrated convergent validity with an established self-report measure of impaired control. These findings provide preliminary validation of a novel human laboratory model of impaired control in a sample of young heavy episodic drinkers, and offer insight into the role of subjective responses (craving, stimulation) in impaired control.
Network Representation Learning with Rich Text Information

Representation learning has shown its effectiveness in many tasks such as image classification and text mining. Network representation learning aims at learning distributed vector representation for each vertex in a network, which is also increasingly recognized as an important aspect for network analysis. Most network representation learning methods investigate network structures for learning. In reality, network vertices contain rich information (such as text), which cannot be well applied with algorithmic frameworks of typical representation learning methods. By proving that DeepWalk, a state-of-the-art network representation method, is actually equivalent to matrix factorization (MF), we propose text-associated DeepWalk (TADW). TADW incorporates text features of vertices into network representation learning under the framework of matrix factorization. We evaluate our method and various baseline methods by applying them to the task of multi-class classification of vertices. The experimental results show that, our method outperforms other baselines on all three datasets, especially when networks are noisy and training ratio is small. The source code of this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/albertyang33/TADW.
Utilizing Design Information in Aspect-Oriented Programming

Traditionally in aspect-oriented languages, pointcut designators select joinpoints of a program based on lexical information such as explicit names of program elements. However, this reduces the adaptability of software, since it involves too much information that is hard-coded, and often implementation-specific. We claim that this problem can be reduced by referring to program units through their design intentions. Design intention is represented by annotated design information, which describes for example the behavior of a program element or its intended meaning. In this paper, we analyze four techniques that are regularly used in state-of-the-art object-oriented languages in associating design information with program elements. Also, the usage of design information in the weaving process of aspect-oriented languages is illustrated and their deficiencies are outlined. Accordingly, we formulate requirements for the proper application of design information in aspect-oriented programming. We discuss how to use design information for the superimposition of aspects, and how to apply superimposition to bind design information to program elements. To achieve this, we propose language abstractions that support semantic composition: the ability to compose aspects with the elements of the base program that incorporate certain design information. Based on this proposal, we show how the aspect-oriented language Compose* can be extended to support design information. We demonstrate the application of design information to improve the reusability of aspects. The paper ends with related works, a discussion, and conclusions.
IV-VI semiconductor nanocrystals for passive Q-switch in IR

The use of semiconductor nanocrystals as a passive Q-switch in an eye-safe laser system is demonstrated. These lasers recently became popular in laser radar, three-dimensional scanning, targeting, and communication applications. Such applications require the laser to operate under Q-switching, generating a laser pulse with duration on the order of tens of nanoseconds, and a peak power on the order of a megawatt. Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit unique physical properties, associated with the quantum size effect. The PbS and PbSe nanocrystals show a size-tunable absorption resonance in the near IR spectral region (1000-3000 nm), saturable absorbing properties, suitable as a functional Q-switch in eye-safe lasers. The quantum confinement effect and the saturable absorption can be manifested only in high quality nanocrystals with a narrow size distribution and passivated surfaces. Thus, a special synthetic procedures have been used for the preparation of PbSe core, PbSe/PbS core-shell and PbSe/PbSexS1-x core-alloyed shell nanocrystals. Then, a passively Q-switched Er:glass laser has been assembled, while the laser output energy, Q-switch threshold energies, and pulse width have been measured.
Successive narrowband interference cancellation for OFDM systems

We consider the problem of mitigating narrowband interference (NBI) in conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, wherein the presence of the NBI dramatically degrades the performances of both the linear zero-forcing and minimum mean-square error equalizers. A new receiver based on successive NBI cancellation is synthesized, which is capable of assuring good NBI rejection, without requiring insertion of additional redundancy in the OFDM signal
Handbook of nanoscopy

General Introduction From the Past to the Future VOLUME I: Methods LIGHT MICROSCOPY Fundamentals of Light Microscopy Optical Contrasting of Microstructures Near-Field Optical Microscopy X-RAY MICROSCOPY Soft X-Ray Imaging X-Ray Microtomography and X-Ray Topography MAGNETIC MICROSCOPY NMR Imaging FIELD ION MICROSCOPY Field Emission and Field Ion Microscopy SCANNING POINT PROBE TECHNIQUES Scanning Probe Microscopy Atomic Force Microscopy ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: STATIONARY BEAM METHODS Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) High-Resolution TEM Aberration-Corrected High Resolution Microscopy Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Imaging Low Energy Electron Microscopy Lorentz Microscopy Electron Holography Methods Electron Tomography In-Situ TEM Nanolab Dynamic TEM SCANNING BEAM METHODS Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Ion Microscopy Focused Ion Beam Microscopy Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Z Contrast Composition Mapping Imaging Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy IMAGE RECORDING, HANDLING AND PROCESSING Image Recording in Microscopy Image Processing Statistical Parameter Estimation VOLUME 2: Applications Metals and Alloys Minerals and Geological Materials Ferroic Materials Grain Boundaries and Structural Ceramics Non-Periodic Structures and Amorphous Materials Quasi-Crystalline Materials Carbon Polymers and Monomeric Analogs Magnetic Materials Small Particles Preparation Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy Catalytic Materials and Porous Materials Nanowires and Nanotubes Biomaterials Complex Oxides Energy Materials Surfaces and Interfaces Polymers Semiconductors and Semiconducting Devices Optoelectronic and Spintronics Materials
Few infected CD4+ T cells but a high proportion of replication-competent provirus copies in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

The virus load in CD4+ T cells from six asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals was determined by limiting-dilution analysis with a sensitive virus isolation procedure and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both methods allowed detection of one HIV-1-infected cell among 10(5) uninfected cells. The number of provirus-containing CD4+ T cells was found to be 1 per 4,000 to 150,000 (median, 1 per 29,000), as determined by virus isolation and 1 per 2,500 to 26,000 (median, 1 per 12,000), as determined by PCR. Infected cells contained an average of 1 to 2 provirus copies, and a high proportion of the provirus copies (1 in 1 to 1 in 6; median, 1 in 2) were replication competent. The results suggest that only a few CD4+ T cells are likely to be lost as a direct consequence of the presence of HIV-1 in infected cells in asymptomatic individuals and that additional mechanisms may contribute to the depletion of CD4+ T cells observed in vivo.
Theoretical Study of Small Aluminum Clusters and Li Adsorption on the Surfaces

With density functional theory, the globe geometry optimization for both bare Al n (n = 3, 6) clusters and their corresponding clusters with Li atom at different adsorption sites have been performed. The calculated relative energies indicate that in both Al 3 and Al 6 , hollow sites for Li adsorption are slightly more preferable than on-top sites and bridge sites, which are in good agreement with previous experimental studies. Lithium diffusion on the cluster surfaces have also been investigated. The calculated results show that the adsorption and diffusion of Li atom in Al 3 are slightly different from that in Al 6 clusters. In order to investigate the electron population, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis on Al n and Al n Li (n = 3, 6) with hollow Li atom are employed. It is found that electron transfer from Li atom to the aluminum clusters happens. The frequency spectra have also been discussed. In both Al 3 Li and Al 6 Li with hollow Li atom, peaks with highest intensity are found to be related to the Li atom vibration vertical to the cluster surface, indicating its relatively dynamic instability. Compared with the vibration in Al 3 Li, the mode in Al 6 Li is blue shifted.
Ancient microbial activity recorded in fracture fillings from granitic rocks (Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden)

Fracture minerals within the 1.8‐Ga‐old Äspö Diorite (Sweden) were investigated for fossil traces of subterranean microbial activity. To track the potential organic and inorganic biosignatures, an approach combining complementary analytical techniques of high lateral resolution was applied to drill core material obtained at −450 m depth in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. This approach included polarization microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), confocal Raman microscopy, electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The fracture mineral succession, consisting of fluorite and low‐temperature calcite, showed a thin (20–100 μm), dark amorphous layer lining the boundary between the two phases. Microscopic investigations of the amorphous layer revealed corrosion marks and, in places, branched tubular structures within the fluorite. Geochemical analysis showed significant accumulations of Si, Al, Mg, Fe and the light rare earth elements (REE) in the amorphous layer. In the same area, ToF‐SIMS imaging revealed abundant, partly functionalized organic moieties, for example, CxHy+, CxHyN+, CxHyO+. The presence of such functionalized organic compounds was corroborated by Raman imaging showing bands characteristic of C‐C, C‐N and C‐O bonds. According to its organic nature and the abundance of relatively unstable N‐ and O‐ heterocompounds, the organic‐rich amorphous layer is interpreted to represent the remains of a microbial biofilm that established much later than the initial cooling of the Precambrian host rock. Indeed, δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data of the fracture minerals and the host rock point to an association with a fracture reactivation event in the most recent geological past.