Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution

Among shallow water sea urchin genera, Arbacia is the only genus that contains species found in both high and low latitudes. In order to determine the geographical origin of the genus and its history of speciation events, we constructed phylogenies based on cytochrome oxidase I and sperm bindin from all its species. Both the mitochondrial and the nuclear gene genealogies show that Arbacia originated in the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere and gave rise to three species in the eastern Pacific, which were then isolated from the Atlantic by the Isthmus of Panama. The mid‐Atlantic barrier separated two additional species. The bindin data suggest that selection against hybridization is not important in the evolution of this molecule in this genus. Metz et al. in a previous publication found no evidence of selection on bindin of Arbacia and suggested that this might be due to allopatry between species, which obviated the need for species recognition. This suggestion formed the basis of the conclusion, widely spread in the literature, that the source of selection on sea urchin bindin (where it does occur) was reinforcement. However, the range of Arbacia spatuligera overlaps with that of two other species of Arbacia, and our data show that it is hybridizing with one of them. We found that even in the species that overlap geographically, there are no deviations from selective neutrality in the evolution of bindin.
De Novo Assembly and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insight into Lysine Biosynthesis in Toona sinensis Roem

Toona sinensis Roem is a popular leafy vegetable in Chinese cuisine and is also used as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, leaf samples were collected from the same plant on two development stages and then used for high-throughput Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). 125,884 transcripts and 54,628 unigenes were obtained through de novo assembly. A total of 25,570 could be annotated with known biological functions, which indicated that the T. sinensis leaves and shoots were undergoing multiple developmental processes especially for active metabolic processes. Analysis of differentially expressed unigenes between the two libraries showed that the lysine biosynthesis was an enriched KEGG pathway, and candidate genes involved in the lysine biosynthesis pathway in T. sinensis leaves and shoots were identified. Our results provide a primary analysis of the gene expression files of T. sinensis leaf and shoot on different development stages and afford a valuable resource for genetic and genomic research on plant lysine biosynthesis.
Performance analysis of magnetic recording systems

Approximations to the union bound performance of sequence detection in the presence of colored noise and an algorithm to compute bit error and error event probabilities are presented and compared to bit-by-bit simulation results. These computations, which are very accurate at bit error probabilities /spl les/10/sup -3/, are then used to analyze the performance of standard and reverse concatenated Reed-Solomon(RS)/modulation coding schemes for generalized partial-response channels corrupted by colored noise. The analysis is used to determine the optimum RS code rate for recording systems that are of current interest.
CARA: Collision-Aware Rate Adaptation for IEEE 802.11 WLANs

Today’s IEEE 802.11 WLANs (Wireless LANs) provide multiple transmission rates so that different rates can be exploited in an adaptive manner depending on the underlying channel condition in order to maximize the system performance. Many rate adaptation schemes have been proposed so far while most (if not all) of the commercial devices implement a simple open-loop rate adaptation scheme (i.e., without feedback from the receiver), called ARF (Automatic Rate Fallback) due to its simplicity. A key problem with such open-loop rate adaptation schemes is that they do not consider the collision effect, and hence, malfunction severely when many transmission failures are due to collisions. In this paper, we propose a novel rate-adaptation scheme, called CARA (Collision-Aware Rate Adaptation). The key idea of CARA is that the transmitter station combines adaptively the Request-to-Send/Clear-to-Send (RTS/CTS) exchange with the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) functionality to differentiate frame collisions from frame transmission failures caused by channel errors. Therefore, compared with other open-loop rateadaptation schemes, CARA is more likely to make the correct rate adaptation decisions. Through extensive simulation runs, we evaluate our proposed scheme to show that our scheme yields significantly higher throughput performance than the existing schemes
Towards an app platform for data concentrators

Data concentrators in advanced metering infrastructures (AMI) are central for collecting electricity meter data. Due to their position at the transformer substation in the distribution grid, concentrators offer an opportunity for value added services to be introduced by the distribution system operator. However, these services must be deployed without jeopardizing robustness and security of the electricity distribution operation. This paper reports on a design and validation of an application platform for service deployment to run on concentrators. The platform is based on a secure and reliable software framework inspired from Android.
Commonsense Knowledge for the Collection of Ground Truth Data on Semantic Descriptors

The coverage of the semantic gap in video indexing and retrieval has gone through a continuous increase of the vocabulary of high - level features or semantic descriptors, sometimes organized in light - scale, corpus - specific, computational ontologies. This paper presents a computer - supported manual annotation method that relies on a very large scale, shared, commonsense ontologies for the selection of semantic descriptors. The ontological terms are accessed through a linguistic interface that relies on multi - lingual dictionaries and action/event template structures (or frames). The manual generation or check of annotations provides ground truth data for evaluation purposes and training data for knowledge acquisition. The novelty of the approach relies on the use of widely shared large - scale ontologies, that prevent arbitrariness of annotation and favor interoperability. We test the viability of the approach by carrying out some user studies on the annotation of narrative videos.
How has Indian Federalism Done?

Two tropes have dominated discussions of Indian federalism: fiscal and constitutional. Isolated exceptions aside, scholars have not linked India’s federalism to comparative theories of nationalism, or to a comparative exploration of national identities. To examine how India’s federalism has done, we may also need to ask what kind of nation India is. Once we answer that question, the oft-assumed binary—that the stronger the states are, the weaker the centre will be–loses its edge. Both can be simultaneously strong. The new exception may be the problem of cross-border terrorism, which indeed generates a binary for the new age. Secessionism also creates centre–state binaries, but that may be more on account of how the basic ideational principles of Indian nationhood have been violated, not followed, or about how far the historical process of nation-building penetrated the rebellious regions. Such problems have not been about the basic flaws of Indian federalism.
ING: INDOOR ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR GREEN HOME NETWORKS

Because of all the innovations in computer communications and digital consumer device technologies, people have had great interest in researching home networking systems. The home is evolving rapidly into a smart Mesh networked environment. Moreover, the energy consumption of wireless devices and networks gradually increases to represent a significant portion of the operational cost, naturally also causing increased equivalent carbon emissions to the environment. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption by several orders of magnitude compared to the current level has become an important requirement for the design of future green wireless networks. In this paper, we propose an indoor traffic routing algorithm inside green home networks.
The influence of positive affect on decision-making strategy.

This study investigated the influence of a positive feeling state on the decision-making process involved in choosing one alternative from among a group of items. Subjects were asked to select one of six fictitious cars, differing along several dimensions, for purchase. Persons who had been made to feel good by receiving feedback that they had succeeded on a prior task of perceptual-motor skills chose the same alternatives as did control subjects, but made their decisions more quickly. Positive-affect subjects were less likely than were control subjects to review information they had already looked at, and were more likely to ignore information considered unimportant. Analysis of subjects' protocols indicates that the groups differed in the strategies they used for reaching decisions. The positive-affect subjects were likely to use the strategy of “elimination by aspects” (eliminating from further consideration alternatives that did not meet a criterion on a selected important dimension). The effect of po.
Purification and immunohistochemical analysis of calcium‐binding proteins expressed in the chick pineal gland

Abstract: The pineal gland is a site of melatonin production, of which intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) are likely involved in various aspects. To investigate the identity of molecules responsible for the Ca2+‐dependent processes in the pineal cells, we prepared a cellular extract from 2000 chick pineal glands and isolated a series of Ca2+‐binding proteins by taking advantage of their Ca2+‐dependent hydrophobic interaction with phenyl‐Sepharose beads. The proteins identified by micro‐sequencing analysis included calmodulin, neurocalcin, sorcin, annexin II and annexin V. Immunohistochemical analysis of the chick pineal sections revealed that both calmodulin and sorcin are expressed in the follicular and parafollicular pinealocytes. On the other hand, neurocalcin was expressed in a few neuron‐like cells located predominantly in the parafollicular layer of the pineal follicle. These results suggest that calmodulin and sorcin may contribute to cellular functions in the chick pinealocytes.
Two-photon targeted patching and electroporation in vivo.

By combining patch-clamp methods with two-photon microscopy, it is possible to target recordings to specific classes of neurons in vivo. Here we describe methods for imaging and recording from the soma and dendrites of neurons identified using genetically encoded probes such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) or functional indicators such as Oregon Green BAPTA-1. Two-photon targeted patching can also be adapted for use with wild-type brains by perfusing the extracellular space with a membrane-impermeable dye to visualize the cells by their negative image and target them for electrical recordings, a technique termed "shadowpatching. " We discuss how these approaches can be adapted for single-cell electroporation to manipulate specific cells genetically. These approaches thus permit the recording and manipulation of rare genetically, morphologically, and functionally distinct subsets of neurons in the intact nervous system.
Hexavalent chromium induces malignant transformation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells via ROS-dependent activation of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key regulator of oncogenic processes. Studies have shown that miR-21 exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Results showed that Cr(VI) induces ROS generation in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) is able to cause malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Cr(VI) caused a significant increase of miR-21 expression associated with an inhibition of PDCD4 expression. Notably, STAT3 transcriptional activation by IL-6 is crucial for the Cr(VI)-induced miR-21 elevation. Stable knockdown of miR-21 or overexpression of PDCD4 in BEAS-2B cells significantly reduced the Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) induced inhibition of PDCD4 suppressed downstream E-cadherin protein expression, but promoted β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription of uPAR and c-Myc. We also found an increased miR-21 level and decreased PDCD4 expression in xenograft tumors generated with chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In addition, stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 reduced the tumorogenicity of chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells in nude mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the miR-21-PDCD4 signaling axis plays an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
Zimbabwean Diaspora politics in Britain: insights from the Cathedral moment 2009

Zimbabwe features highly in western media, in African scholarship and in political debates at international fora. However, little attention has been paid to Zimbabwean Diaspora politics as an aspect of the ongoing transformations and one whose analysis can help understand the multifaceted changes and challenges confronting the Zimbabwean community. Using a critical moment approach and drawing on key informant interviews, cyberspace materials and participant observations, this paper examines the nature of Zimbabwean Diaspora politics in Britain and how Zimbabweans are negotiating loss, change, identity and belonging in a turbulent globalising world.
CHANGES IN SYMPTOMS OF OCD AND APPRAISAL OF RESPONSIBILITY DURING COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT: A PILOT STUDY

A consecutive series of six adolescents referred for obsessive compulsive disorder were treated using a cognitive behavioural approach that included procedures intended to: (1) reach a shared understanding of the psychological nature of the problem; (ii) normalize intrusive thoughts; (iii) help the patient to reappraise notions of responsibility; and (iv) help the patient re-evaluate the basis of their fears. The effects of treatment were measured using standardized questionnaires designed to elicit beliefs about responsibility, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder. During the course of treatment, appraisals of responsibility changed at the same time as changes in symptom levels. The results suggest a more cognitive approach to treatment can be helpful for this age group, and that cognitive change is associated with clinical improvement.
Interprétation vague des contraintes structurelles pour la RI dans des corpus de documents XML. Évaluation d'une méthode approchée de RI structurée

Nous proposons des algorithmes dedies a l’indexation et a la recherche approximative d’information dans les bases de donnees heterogenes semi-structurees XML. Le modele d’indexation propose est adapte a la recherche de contenu textuel dans les contextes XML definis par les structures d’arbres. Les mecanismes de recherche approchee mis en œuvre s’appuient sur une distance de Levenshtein modifiee et des heuristiques de fusion d’information. Une implementation exploitant simultanement l’information structuree, i.e. l’arborescence des elements XML, et le contenu des documents indexes est decrite. Les performances obtenues dans le cadre de la campagne d’evaluation INEX 2005 sont presentees et analysees. Celles-ci positionnent l’approche proposee parmi les meilleurs systemes evalues, sur la tâche de recherche approximative de contenu en contexte structurel vague.
The Calculation of Reliability From a Split-Plot Factorial Design

This paper treats the question, "How should one estimate the reliability of school (or classroom) means when persons are nested within schools (or classrooms)? " We begin by reviewing the use of variance components in the estimation of reliability from a randomized block (RB) design. Then we extend this rationale to the estimation of reliability (or generalizability) coefficients in a split-plot factorial (SPF) design with persons nested within schools. Through the use of variance components from the SPF design, we derive estimates of reliability for schools and for persons within schools. Then we compare the reliability for persons within schools from a SPF design with the reliability for persons from a RB design. Finally, we compare the reliability for schools from a SPF design with the reliability for school means from a RB design.
Tuberculosis of testis and prostate that mimicked testicular cancer in young male soccer player

Staphylococcus infection was the most common organism found in infection of athletics, and tuberculosis (TB) was rare. Although genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) was the most common subtype of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in the past, it was recently reported to account for less than 0.5% of all patients with EPTB and 1.5% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). And, there are few cases reported about concomitant tuberculous infection of testis and prostate. Pubic pain is a common symptom in soccer player and its cause can be difficult to determine. A 25-yr-old male soccer player presented with persistent pubic pain of unknown origin. Incidentally, right testicular mass was detected on physical examination. Computed tomography revealed a multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Under the clinical diagnosis of a right testicular tumor, right radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. And prostate biopsy was performed due to elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Pathologic examination confirmed concomitant TB of testis and prostate.
On Integer-Forcing Precoding for the Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channel

Integer-forcing (IF) precoding, also known as downlink IF, is a promising new approach to communication over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels. Inspired by the integer-forcing linear receiver for multiple-access channels, it generalizes linear precoding by inducing an effective channel matrix that is approximately integer, rather than approximately identity. Combined with lattice encoding and a pre-inversion of the channel matrix at the transmitter, the scheme has the potential to outperform any linear precoding scheme, despite enjoying similar low complexity. In this paper, a specific IF precoding scheme, called diagonally scaled exact IF (DIF), is proposed and shown to achieve maximum spatial multiplexing gain. For the special case of two receivers, in the high SNR regime, an optimal choice of parameters is derived analytically, leading to an almost closed-form expression for the achievable sum rate. In particular, it is shown that the gap to the sum capacity is upper bounded by 0.27 bits for any channel realization. For general SNR, a regularized version of DIF (RDIF) is proposed. Numerical results for two receivers under Rayleigh fading show that RDIF can achieve performance superior to optimal linear precoding and very close to the sum capacity.
Minimal placement of bank selection instructions for partitioned memory architectures

We have devised an algorithm for minimal placement of bank selections in partitioned memory architectures. This algorithm is parameterizable for a chosen metric, such as speed, space, or energy. Bank switching is a technique that increases the code and data memory in microcontrollers without extending the address buses. Given a program in which variables have been assigned to data banks, we present a novel optimization technique that minimizes the overhead of bank switching through cost-effective placement of bank selection instructions. The placement is controlled by a number of different objectives, such as runtime, low power, small code size or a combination of these parameters. We have formulated the minimal placement of bank selection instructions as a discrete optimization problem that is mapped to a partitioned boolean quadratic programming (PBQP) problem. We implemented the optimization as part of a PIC Microchip backend and evaluated the approach for several optimization objectives. Our benchmark suite comprises programs from MiBench and DSPStone plus a microcontroller real-time kernel and drivers for microcontroller hardware devices. Our optimization achieved a reduction in program memory space of between 2.7 and 18.2&percent;, and an overall improvement with respect to instruction cycles between 5.0 and 28.8&percent;. Our optimization achieved the minimal solution for all benchmark programs. We investigated the scalability of our approach toward the requirements of future generations of microcontrollers. This study was conducted as a worst-case analysis on the entire MiBench suite. Our results show that our optimization (1) scales well to larger numbers of memory banks, (2) scales well to the larger problem sizes that will become feasible with future microcontrollers, and (3) achieves minimal placement for more than 72&percent; of all functions from MiBench.
Isolation and characterization of Candida albicans homologue of RAP1, a repressor and activator protein gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To study the function of RAP1, a Candida albicans gene (CaRAP1) that shows sequence similarity to RAP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated by colony hybridization. DNA sequencing predicted an open reading frame of 429 amino acids with an overall identity of 24% to the ScRap1p. The DNA binding domain (DBD) was highly conserved, and EMSA using a GST–CaRap1p fusion protein confirmed its binding ability to the RPG‐box of S. cerevisiae ENO1. In contrast, the N‐terminus was less conserved and a moderate homology was observed in the BRCT domain. Interestingly, CaRap1p did not contain the C‐terminal activation/repression region of ScRap1p. Its DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Accession No. is AB036055. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Administrative system and culture in East Asia, Europe and the USA: a transformation of the administrative system through the mutual mixture of cultures in Korea

This article explains the network and relationship between culture and administrative system in East Asia, Europe and the USA. The cultures of individualism in the USA, social contract-oriented collectivism in Nordic countries and Confucianism in Korea have an important effect on the formation of the administrative system of pluralist government in the USA, societal corporatism in Nordic countries, and state corporatism in Korea, respectively. The development of the administrative system can be accomplished by the advancement of administrative culture regardless of state corporatism, societal corporatism or pluralism. A sound administrative structure entails the growth of sound administrative culture, which involves anti-corruption, solidarity, trust and accountability in the advanced liberal and corporate states. In the process of the development of administrative culture, contemporary Confucians express a unity between Confucianism and liberalism to show the principle of an admixture between different administrative cultures. Contemporary Confucianism offers ways of changing traditional administrative culture in Korea.