Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding optimal linear measures for feature selection in text categorization

A common way of performing Feature Selection in Text Categorization consists in keeping the features with highest score according to certain measures, like linear ones which have been successfully proposed in [1]. Its disadvantage is that they need to previously determine the parameter which defines them. Until now, this drawback has been overcome by taking manually a set of values for such parameter. This paper proposes a method for automatically determining optimal values of the parameter by means of solving a univariate maximization problem.
Influence of Dry Soil on the Ability of Formosan Subterranean Termites, Coptotermes formosanus, to Locate Food Sources

Abstract The effect of barriers of dry soil on the ability of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), to construct tunnels and find food was evaluated. Termite movement and wood consumption in a three—chambered apparatus were compared between treatments with dry soil in the center container and treatments where the soil in the center container was moist. When a wood block was located in the release container, termites fed significantly more on that block, regardless of treatment or soil type. In the treatment with dry clay, none of the termites tunneled through the dry clay barrier to reach the distal container. When termites had to tunnel through a barrier of dry sand, topsoil, or clay to reach the sole wood block, there was no effect on wood consumption for the sand treatment, but there was significantly less feeding on wood in the treatments with dry topsoil or clay. When foraging arenas had a section of dry sand in the center, the dry sand significantly reduced tunneling in the distal section after 3 days, but not after 10 days. There was a highly significant effect on the ability of termites to colonize food located in dry sand. Only one feeding station located in dry sand was colonized by termites, compared with 11 feeding stations located in moist sand.
LiveLayer : Real-time Traffic Video Visualisation on Geographical Maps

While video cameras are an ubiquitous and intuitive means of collecting traffic information, it has been difficult to utilise such an information source for creating a global view in real time traffic visualisation. In this paper, we present a real-time method for transforming video information in quasi-3D to spatial information in a 2D planar visualisation, which acts as a live layer on top of a conventional satellite image-based mapping system. To facilitate rapid and reliable camera-map calibration, we make use of a semi-automatic calibration scheme. The scheme allows users to pre-define essential projection attributes for each camera in a set-up stage, and map these video streams onto a live layer of the map. In this paper, we also describe several schemes for visually mapping information extracted from videos, including traffic speed and density, and uncertainty in illustration. This form of traffic video visualisation can potentially reduce the need for specialised traffic sensory devices and infrastructure, and enable better utilisation of the existing video-based traffic sensory network.
Postural Dependence of Muscle Actions: Implications for Neural Control

The neural control of reaching entails the specification of a precise pattern of muscle activation distributed across the many muscles of the arm. Musculoskeletal geometry limits the possible solutions to this problem. Insight into the nature of this constraint was obtained by quantifying the postural variation in the mechanical actions of six human shoulder muscles. Estimates of muscle mechanical actions were obtained by electrically stimulating muscles to the point of contraction and recording the resulting forces and torques with a six-degree-of-freedom force–torque transducer. In a given experiment, data were obtained for up to 29 different arm postures. The mechanical actions of each muscle varied systematically with arm posture, regardless of the frame of reference used to define these actions. The nature of this dependence suggests that a relatively simple strategy can be used by the nervous system to account for the changing mechanical actions of arm muscles.
Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus in amasya region, Turkey.

Aim: In this study, the aim is to determine the HPV DNA prevalence and the genotype distribution of High Risk HPVs in women who came to Amasya Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center (KETEM) for screening. Materials and methods: Totally 7992 women between the ages of 30-65 were included in the study between August, 2014 and August, 2015. HC II HPV DNA test (Digene Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) was used and HPV DNA presence and HR-HPV type detection studies were performed by using cervical swab samples. Results: According to our results, 2.7% of the cases were HPV-DNA positive. HPV positivity was detected mostly in women who were between the ages of 30-39 years. In the genotype distribution of HPV positive women, most frequently observed type was HPV16 (23.6%) and then HPV51 was observed with 9% frequency. HR-HPV rates were detected as 77.8% in all HPV positive women. Conclusion: HPV DNA positivity rate was low in our province. However, the high positivity of HR-HPV types detected in HPV positive women let us think that these women should be more careful in their future controls and routine screenings in terms of cervical cancer.
PWKEP: A Pair-Wise Key Establishment Protocol for Sensor Networks Providing Provable Security

The establishment of pair-wise key between two nodes in wireless sensor network is a big challenge. We propose a protocol PWKEP including three contributions: 1) Achieve secure key exchange protocol with mutual authentication. 2) Propose a modular approach for design of secure authenticated key exchange protocols. 3) Adopt elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange and argue reasonable energy consumption on sensor device MICA2DOT. Moreover, we provide PWKEP provable security under BCK model.
Effects of intraoperative single bolus fentanyl administration and remifentanil infusion on postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background Although the use of postoperative opioids is a well-known risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), few studies have been performed on the effects of intraoperative opioids on PONV. We examined the effects of a single bolus administration of fentanyl during anesthesia induction and the intraoperative infusion of remifentanil on PONV. Methods Two hundred and fifty women, aged 20 to 65 years and scheduled for thyroidectomy, were allocated to a control group (Group C), a single bolus administration of fentanyl 2 µg/kg during anesthesia induction (Group F), or 2 ng/ ml of effect-site concentration-controlled intraoperative infusion of remifentanil (Group R) groups. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and 50% N2O. The incidence and severity of PONV and use of rescue antiemetics were recorded at 2, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. Results Group F showed higher incidences of nausea (60/82, 73% vs. 38/77, 49%; P = 0.008), vomiting (40/82, 49% vs. 23/77 30%; P = 0.041) and the use of rescue antiemetics (47/82, 57% vs. 29/77, 38%; P = 0.044) compared with Group C at postoperative 24 h. However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of PONV between Groups C and R. The overall incidences of PONV for postoperative 24 h were 49%, 73%, and 59% in Groups C, F, and R, respectively (P = 0.008). Conclusions A single bolus administration of fentanyl 2 µg/kg during anesthesia induction increases the incidence of PONV, but intraoperative remifentanil infusion with 2 ng/ml effect-site concentration did not affect the incidence of PONV.
HoPE

Data compression plays a pivotal role in improving system performance and reducing energy consumption, because it increases the logical effective capacity of a compressed memory system without physically increasing the memory size. However, data compression techniques incur some cost, such as non-negligible compression and decompression overhead. This overhead becomes more severe if compression is used in the cache. In this article, we aim to minimize the read-hit decompression penalty in compressed Last-Level Caches (LLCs) by speculatively decompressing frequently used cachelines. To this end, we propose a Hot-cacheline Prediction and Early decompression (HoPE) mechanism that consists of three synergistic techniques: Hot-cacheline Prediction (HP), Early Decompression (ED), and Hit-history-based Insertion (HBI). HP and HBI efficiently identify the hot compressed cachelines, while ED selectively decompresses hot cachelines, based on their size information. Unlike previous approaches, the HoPE framework considers the performance balance/tradeoff between the increased effective cache capacity and the decompression penalty. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed HoPE mechanism, we run extensive simulations on memory traces obtained from multi-threaded benchmarks running on a full-system simulation framework. We observe significant performance improvements over compressed cache schemes employing the conventional Least-Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy, the Dynamic Re-Reference Interval Prediction (DRRIP) scheme, and the Effective Capacity Maximizer (ECM) compressed cache management mechanism. Specifically, HoPE exhibits system performance improvements of approximately 11%, on average, over LRU, 8% over DRRIP, and 7% over ECM by reducing the read-hit decompression penalty by around 65%, over a wide range of applications.
Contracts for Abstract Processes in Service Composition

Contracts are a well-established approach for describing and analyzing behavioral aspects of web service compositions. The theory of contracts comes equipped with a notion of compatibility between clients and servers that ensures that every possible interaction between compatible clients and servers will complete successfully. It is generally agreed that real applications often require the ability of exposing just partial descriptions of their behaviors, which are usually known as abstract processes. We propose a formal characterization of abstraction as an extension of the usual symbolic bisimulation and we recover the notion of abstraction in the context of contracts.
Strategic model of LNG arbitrage: Analysis of LNG trade in Atlantic basin

We develop a two-stage model of the LNG market to determine the incentives to enter long-term contracts vs. spot trade and to understand the causes of new contract terms. First we study how LNG importers and exporters negotiate long-term supply contracts and make investments under demand uncertainty. Second we analyze spot trade when demand is known, capacities and long-term supplies are fixed. Importers with excess supply will resell to importers with higher than expected demand and compete with exporters if have the ”flexibility option” included in their contracts. We find that the appearance of the ”flexibility option” results from the value of investment cost and demand uncertainty level. We also establish the conditions for emergence of spot trade depending again on demand uncertainty and capital costs.
Synthetic Population Generation at Disaggregated Spatial Scales for Land Use and Transportation Microsimulation

The execution of agent-based microsimulation requires an initial set of agents with detailed socioeconomic and demographic attributes to support subsequent behavioral and market models. Data limitations and privacy reasons often restrict the scope and detail with which a synthetic population can be generated by the traditional population synthesis approach. For the accommodation of the growing requirement of microsimulation on spatial resolution and variety, considering new data sources that overcome the data limitations and support population synthesis at more disaggregated levels is necessary. This paper presents a two-stage population synthesis approach not only to improve the accuracy of population generation with imperfect microdata and marginal data, but also to use additional data sets when the spatial details of the synthetic population are interpolated. A general iterative proportional fitting (IPF) method is used in the first stage to estimate the joint distribution of household and individual characteristics under multiple levels of constraints. Additional building information is collected from multiple sources and used to estimate spatial patterns of housing and household characteristics that are then preserved through a second IPF procedure. Preliminary tests of the proposed two-stage IPF-based approach with Singapore data show that the method yields better fitted population realizations at more fine-grained levels than do traditional one-step population synthesis methods.
On the Importance of Word Sense Disambiguation for Information Retrieval

Research in information retrieval has led to mixed results a bout the impact of natural language processing. This paper d iscusses the importance of word sense disambiguation despite these mixe d results. We first discuss some of the factors that can cause a pparent inconsistency in retrieval performance with regard to natu ral language processing: instability of test collection qu eries, different baselines, averaging performance over queries, incorrect linguistic analysis, software errors, frequency of linguistic expres sions, and differences in how results are reported. We then focus on the problems wit h ord sense disambiguation in particular and why disambigu at on is important for improving retrieval performance. The paper c on ludes with recommendations for how systems should be eva luated.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO INTEGRATED SEARCH INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUE FOR HIDDEN WEB FOR DOMAIN SPECIFIC CRAWLING

The traditional web crawlers retrieve contents from only the “Surface web” and are unable to crawl through the hidden portion of the Web containing high quality information which is dynamically generated through querying databases when the queries are submitted through a search interface. For Hidden web, most of the published research has been done to identify/detect such searchable forms and make a systematic search over these forms. One approach is based on a Web crawler that identifies, analyzes search forms and fills them with appropriate content to retrieve maximum relevant information from the deep web. A critical problem with this is the search interface integration followed by the integration of the results obtained as a result of parallel request quest. This paper proposes a technique to detect and construct an integrated query interface that integrates a set of web interfaces over a given domain of interest. It provides users to access information uniformly from multiple sources. The proposed strategy does that by focusing the crawl on a given topic; by judiciously analyzing the domain specific matching, mapping information/key attributes which leads to web pages containing domain specific search forms in integrated manner. The interface mapping and matching library, semantic knowledgebase specific to the domain play a very key role here and demand for continuous evolution, improvement to make hidden web crawling effective and usable.
VLBA Polarization Observations of Markarian 421 after a Gamma-Ray High State

We present four high dynamic range, dual-circular polarization, Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 22 GHz of Mrk 421, taken throughout the year following the source's unprecedented gamma-ray high state in early 2001. Previous VLBI observations of this source had shown only subluminal apparent motions in the parsec-scale jet and no apparent connection between jet components and gamma-ray flares, so we examined whether the larger gamma-ray flares of 2001 had produced a component that could be followed on the parsec-scale VLBA images. These four new VLBA observations are combined with data from our earlier 1999 paper and archival VLBA data sets that have become available since 1999 to produce a combined 28 epoch VLBA data set on Mrk 421 spanning 1994-2002. No new component associated with the 2001 flares was seen on the total intensity images, but the combined data set allowed precise measurements of the apparent speeds of the existing components. The peak measured apparent speed was for component C5, which has an apparent speed of 0.1c ± 0.02c (H0 = 71 km s-1 Mpc-1, Ωm = 0.27, and ΩΛ = 0.73). No counterjet is seen with a limit on the jet to counterjet brightness ratio J >~ 100. These observed VLBI properties of Mrk 421 are consistent with a jet with a bulk Lorentz factor Γ ~ 2 and an angle to the line of sight θ ~ 1°, suggesting a jet that decelerates between the gamma-ray producing region and the parsec scale. Although a limb-brightened structure is seen in some transverse slices across the jet, it is not seen consistently, inhibiting interpretation in terms of the fast-spine/slow-layer model that has been invoked for other sources. The VLBI core and inner jet (component C7) have fractional polarizations of ~5% and an electric vector position angle (EVPA) aligned with the jet axis. Component C5 (at 1.5 mas from the core) has a higher fractional polarization of ~15% and an EVPA nearly orthogonal to the jet axis. Significant variability is detected in the EVPA of component C6, which at two of the four epochs shows an EVPA aligned with the jet axis, possibly a sign of propagating disturbances that are only visible on the polarization images. If these propagating disturbances are linked to the 2001 gamma-ray high state, then their inferred apparent speed is between 1c and 3c.
Pipelined parallel sorting on the Intel SCC

The Single-Chip Cloud Computer (SCC) is an experimental processor created by Intel Labs. It comprises 48 Intel-IA32 cores linked by an on-chip high performance mesh network, as well as four DDR3 memory controllers to access an off-chip main memory. We investigate the adaptation of sorting onto SCC as an algorithm engineering problem. We argue that a combination of pipelined mergesort and sample sort will fit best to SCC's architecture. We also provide a mapping based on integer linear programming to address load balancing and latency considerations. We describe a prototype implementation of our proposai together with preliminary runtime measurements, that indicate the usefulness of this approach. As mergesort can be considered as a representative of the class of streaming applications, the techniques deveioped here should also apply to the other problems in this class, such as many applications for parallel embedded systems, i.e. MPSoC.
Embryonic stem cells reduce liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice

We transplanted undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells into the spleens of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐treated mice to determine their effects on liver fibrosis. Carbon tetrachloride at 0.5 ml/kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice twice weekly for up to 20 weeks. Four weeks after the first injection, the mice were divided into two groups and those in group 1 received 1 × 105 ES cells genetically labelled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the spleens, while group 2 mice received 0.1 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline. In group 1, GFP‐immunopositive cells were retained and found in areas of fibrosis in the liver, and reduced liver fibrosis was observed as compared with group 2. Secondary transplantation of ES cells at 12 weeks after the initial transplantation enhanced the reduction in liver fibrosis. No teratoma formation or uncontrolled growth of ES cells in organs, including the liver and spleen, was observed in any of the mice. In the livers of group 1 mice, metalloproteinase 9‐immunopositive cells derived from ES cells as well as those from the recipient were observed. These cells were also found to be immunopositive for the hepatoblast marker Delta‐like (DlK‐1), a member of the DlK‐1 family of transmembrane proteins. These results suggest that ES‐based cell therapy is potentially useful for liver fibrosis treatment and that reduction in CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis by transplantation of ES cells may be related closely to the emergence of metalloproteinase‐producing hepatoblast‐like cells.
Reorganization of Exuberant Axonal Arbors Contributes to the Development of Laminar Specificity in Ferret Visual Cortex

Layer-specific cortical axons are believed to develop precisely from the outset without making exuberant branches in incorrect cortical layers. We tested this hypothesis by following the development of axonal arbors of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in ferret visual cortex, which in the adult have dense axonal arbors in layers 2/3 and 5 and not in layer 4. We began our studies at earlier ages and sampled at closer intervals than in previous studies. Our studies reveal that between postnatal day (P) 14 and P18 the initial growth of axonal arbors lacks specificity for layers 2/3 and 5 and involves the formation of a small number of branches incorrectly in layer 4. After P18 the number of incorrect axonal branches in layer 4 decreased, whereas there was extensive axonal growth specifically in layers 2/3 and 5. To further study the mechanisms involved in directing the layer-specific growth and elimination of axonal branches, we studied the development of layer 2/3 neurons in slices kept in culture for 5 d. In these studies the initial imprecise growth at P14–18 followed by precise growth after P18 was mimicked in vitro, but the elimination of incorrect axons from layer 4 did not occur. These studies reveal that most axonal arbors grow precisely in the correct layers, but the initial growth involves the formation of a small number of incorrect axonal branches that are later eliminated. Therefore the mechanisms that regulate axonal growth are not as precise initially as later, and mechanisms must exist to allow selective elimination of axon collaterals from incorrect layers.
Introgression of domesticated alleles into a wild trout genotype and the impact on seasonal survival in natural lakes

We tested the fitness consequences of introgression of fast‐growing domesticated fish into a wild population. Fry from wild and domesticated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) crosses, F1 hybrids, and first‐ and second‐generation backcrosses were released into two natural lakes. Parentage analysis using microsatellite loci facilitated the identification of survivors, so fitness was estimated in nature from the first‐feeding stage. Results indicated that under certain conditions, domesticated fish survived at least as well as wild fish within the same environment. Relative growth and survival of the crosses, however, were highly dependent on environment. During the first summer, fastest‐growing crosses had the highest survival, but this trend was reversed after one winter and another summer. Although the F1 hybrids showed evidence of outbreeding depression because of the disruption of local adaptation, there was little evidence of outbreeding depression in the backcrosses, and the second‐generation backcrosses exhibited a wild‐type phenotype. This information is relevant for assessing the multigenerational risk of escaped or released domesticated fish should they successfully interbreed with wild populations and provides information on how to minimize detrimental impacts of a conservation breeding and/or management programme. These data also further understanding of the selection pressures in nature that maintain submaximal rates of growth.