Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Influences on adolescent body image in Ireland

10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 12 1.1 Purpose Statement . 12 1.2 Body Image . 13 1.2. 1 Defining Body Image . 13 1.2. 2 Negative Body Image . 13 1.2. 3 Positive Body Image . 14 1.2. 4 Conclusion . 15 1.3 Adolescent Body Image in Ireland: Current Status . 15 1.3. 1 Quantitative Research Studies . 15 1.3. 2 Qualitative Research Studies . 15 1.3. 3 National Reports . 16 1.3. 4 Conclusion . 17 1.4 Adolescence . 17 1.4. 1 Defining Adolescence . 17 1.4. 2 Developmental Stages of Adolescence . 18 1.4. 3 Conclusion . 21 1.5 Peer Relationships and Friendships . 21 1.5. 1 Defining Friendships . 21 1.5. 2 Defining Peer Relationships . 23 1.5. 3 Romantic Involvement with Peers . 25 1.5. 4 Conclusion . 26 1.6 The link between Adolescence, Body Image and the Peer Context . 26 1.7 The link between the Peer Context, Adolescent Body Image and Health Promotion . 28 1.8 The gap in research . 30 1.9 The current study . 32 Outline of thesis structure . 33 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 34
Transmembrane helix prediction using feed-forward neural network

Neural network is one of the successful methods for protein secondary structure prediction. Day to day this technology is modified, improved, even other methods also combined with it to get better result. In this paper we trained feed-forward neural network with trans-membrane protein for helix prediction. Using Java Object Oriented Neural Engine (JOONE) our achieved accuracy is 71%. This paper is expected to benefit researchers in proteomics by presenting a summary of developments of neural network in this area.
Structure and transmembrane nature of the acetylcholine receptor in amphibian skeletal muscle as revealed by cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies

A collection of 126 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) from the electric organs of Torpedo californica or Electrophorus electricus was tested for cross-reactivity with AChRs in cryostat sections of skeletal muscle from Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis by indirect immunofluorescence. 49 mAbs (39%) cross- reacted with AChRs from Rana, and 25 mAbs (20%) cross-reacted with AChRs from Xenopus. mAbs specific for each of the four subunits of electric organ AChR (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) cross-reacted with AChRs from each amphibian species. mAbs cross-reacting with Xenopus AChRs were, with one exception, a subset of the mAbs cross-reacting with Rana AChRs. The major difference detected between the two species was in binding by mAbs specific for the main immunogenic region (MIR) of the alpha-subunit. Whereas 22 of 33 anti-MIR mAbs tested cross- reacted with Rana AChRs, only one of these mAbs cross-reacted with Xenopus AChRs. Some (32) of the cross-reacting mAbs were tested for binding to AChRs in intact muscle. 21 of these mAbs bound to AChRs only when membranes were made permeable with saponin. Electron microscopy using immunoperoxidase or colloidal gold techniques revealed that these mAbs recognize cytoplasmic determinants and that mAbs that do not require saponin in order to bind AChRs in intact muscle recognize extracellular determinants. These results suggest that AChRs in skeletal muscle of Rana and Xenopus are composed of subunits corresponding to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-subunits of AChRs from fish electric organs. The subunit specificity of mAbs whose binding was examined by electron microscopy suggests that parts of each subunit (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) are exposed on the cytoplasmic surface and that, as in AChRs from fish electric organs and mammalian muscle, the MIR on alpha-subunits of Rana AChRs is exposed on the extracellular surface.
LONG-TERM STABILITY OF NONTHERMAL X-RAY MODULATION IN THE GAMMA-RAY BINARY LS 5039

We report on long-term stability of X-ray modulation apparently synchronized with an orbital period of 3.9 days in the γ-ray binary LS 5039. Recent observations with the Suzaku satellite in the year 2007, which continuously covered more than one orbital period, have provided us with detailed characterization of X-ray flux and spectral shape as a function of orbital phase. Motivated by the results from Suzaku, we have re-analyzed the X-ray data obtained with ASCA, XMM-Newton, and Chandra between 1999 and 2005, to investigate long-term behavior of LS 5039 in the X-ray band. We found that the modulation curves in 1999–2007 are surprisingly stable. Even fine structures in the light curves such as spikes and dips are found to be quite similar from one orbit to another. The spectral characteristics observed in the past are consistent with those seen with Suzaku for some orbital phase segments. We suggest that magnetohydrodynamical collisions between the relativistic outflow from a compact object and the stellar wind from the O star explain the clock-like nonthermal X-ray emission over eight years through remarkably stable production of high-energy particles near the binary system.
A method for fast jitter tolerance analysis of high-speed PLLs

We propose a fast method for identifying the jitter tolerance curves of high-speed phase locked loops. The method is based on an adaptive recursion and uses known tail fitting methods to realize a fast optimization combined with a small number of jitter samples. It allows for efficient behavioral simulations, and can also be applied to hardware measurements. A typical modeling example demonstrates applicability to both software and hardware scenarios and achieves simulated measurement times in the range of few hundred milliseconds.
Teaching "Unstructured Information Management: Theory and Applications" to Computational Linguistics Students

Students in Computational Linguistics often lack experience in building robust and scalable software components. Thus, student projects tend to be unstable and to work only under very special preconditions (e.g., a project has to be installed in a certain directory, or handles only single files instead of whole directories). Furthermore, if students have to build a system from scratch, they have to concentrate on input and output issues, as well as connecting numerous preprocessing components that were not designed to work together. This limits the scope of feasible course tasks to relatively simple ones like implementing yet another tokenizer. When offering the course “Unstructured Information Management: Theory and Applications 1 as part of the B.A./M.A. program of International Studies in Computational Linguistics at the University of Tubingen, our motivation was to familiarize students with fundamental concepts in unstructured information management and Natural Language Processing (NLP) middleware. This should enable students of computational linguistics to work on more challenging tasks, and to gain first experiences with building complex software systems. The course goals were supported by providing basic preprocessing components like a tokenizer or a PoSTagger on the basis of the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) (Ferrucci and Lally, 2004). Thus, students of computational linguistics can concentrate on their core competence and work on more challenging tasks both in terms of theoretical complex- 1http://www.ukp. tu-darmstadt.de/teaching/ ws0607/UIMseminar ity and industrial relevance. As a side effect, components developed in the course are robust and scalable, which enables re-use by the research community.2 UIMA allows us to shift the focus from software engineering to research relevant tasks, like thorough evaluation of the projects.
Sobre núcleos, distancias y similitudes entre intervalos

Existe un buen numero de aplicaciones en las que la informacion a codificar viene expresada en forma de un intervalo de valores. Esto sucede, en especial, cuando se intentan procesar los datos por prediccion a un cierto tiempo, como en el estudio del transitorio de un sistema de control, o en el analisis de la evolucion financiera de una empresa. En este trabajo se presenta y desarrolla la definicion de una medida entre intervalos a partir de una distancia euclidea. Esta distancia tendra en consideracion como caracteristicas esenciales el tamano y la posicion relativa entre los intervalos dentro de la recta real. Gracias a la estrecha relacion entre distancia y nucleo en un espacio de Hilbert, se hace posible definir un nucleo de tipo intervalar, sobre el espacio de los intervalos abiertos de dimension finita en la recta real, un espacio que, originariamente, no posee ningun tipo de estructura algebraica de trabajo. El analisis sobre diferentes ejemplos practicos pone de manifiesto las prestaciones de los instrumentos aqui presentados.
From XQuery to relational logics

Predicate logic has long been seen as a good foundation for querying relational data. This is embodied in the correspondence between relational calculus and first-order logic, and can also be seen in mappings from fragments of the standard relational query language SQL to extensions of first-order logic (e.g. with counting). A key question is what is the analog to this correspondence for querying tree-structured data, as seen, for example, in XML documents. We formalize this as the question of the appropriate logical query language for defining transformations on tree-structured data. The predominant practitioner paradigm for defining such transformations is top-down tree building. This is embodied by the XQuery query language, which builds the output tree in parallel starting at the root, based on variable bindings and nodeset queries in the XPath language. The goal of this article is to compare the expressiveness of top-down tree-building languages based on a benchmark of predicate logic. We start by giving a formalized XQuery XQ that can serve as a representative of the top-down approach. We show that all queries in XQ with only atomic equality are equivalent to first-order interpretations, an analog to first-order logic (FO) in the setting of transformations of tree-structured data. We then consider fragments of atomic XQ. We identify a fragment that maps efficiently into first-order, a fragment that maps into existential first-order logic, and a fragment that maps into the navigationally two-variable fragment of first-order logic—an analog of two-variable logic in the setting where data values are unbounded. When XQ is considered with deep equality, we find that queries can be translated into FO with counting (FO(Cnt)). Translations from XQ to logical languages on relations have a number of consequences. We use them to derive complexity bounds for XQ fragments, and to bound the Boolean expressiveness of XQ fragments.
The effects of spaces on word segmentation in Chinese reading : evidence from eye movements

This paper studies the mechanisms behind the differential effects of inserting a space either before or after a two-character unit on information processing through the examination of eye movements in Chinese, a language where there is no word delimiters. A two-character unit in this study is either a word-preserving stimulus or a word-disrupting stimulus (i.e., nonword). The study aims for a better understanding of the cognitive mechanisms for lexical processing that may underlie observed facilitory or inhibitory effects of the spacing conditions in sentence context. Results show that inserting a space after a word facilitates lexical processing, but inserting a space before a word does not. Inserting a space before and after a nonword, however, does not show these effects. These results indicate that the effects of spaces before and after words are mainly influenced by word segmentation mechanisms rather than landing position effects or other factors.
The effect of the similarity measures and the interpolation techniques on fractional eigenfaces algorithm

Face recognition system is considered as a smart technique for authentication. It guarantees security, stability and variability. It was used in a wide variety of applications like control of access, surveillance, passport and credit cards. Many algorithms were proposed in order to improve the recognition rate. One of these techniques is the fractional Eigenfaces, which combines the Eigenfaces algorithm and the theory of the fractional covariance matrix. In this paper, we highlight the influence of the interpolation and the similarity measurement methods on the efficiency of the fractional Eigenfaces algorithm. Experimental results are evaluated with three image databases: ORL, YALE and UMIST.
Novel Modular-Rotor Switched-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines

Switched-flux permanent magnet (PM) (SFPM) machines have attracted considerable interest in recent years, since the flux focusing can be utilized, both armature windings and PM excitation sources are on the stator, while the salient pole rotor is very simple and robust. In SFPM machines, the high variable flux densities throughout the stator core result in iron loss being a significant proportion of the total losses. This paper presents a novel modular-rotor SFPM machine that facilitates a reduction in iron loss for a marginal reduction in output torque. The modular rotor also offers a reduction in rotor mass over the conventional-rotor topology. The electromagnetic performance of both conventional- and modular-rotor SFPM machines is analyzed by 2-D finite element analyses and is verified by measurements on small-scaled prototype SFPM machines.
The Future-Oriented Middleware Technology

over the last decade, middleware has emerged as an important architectural component in supporting the construction of distributed applications. However, the current generation of mainstream middleware is always based on the assumptions that distributed applications will run in a static setting. As a result, they fail to provide the appropriate support for the today’s networking environment. Major system requirements imposed by today’s networking environment are relevant to openness, mobility, and context-awareness. This gives a strong incentive to middleware researchers to investigate the new generation middleware with support for openness , mobility , and context-awareness . In this paper, we first identify the major challenges in open and mobile environments and look deeper into the technical requirements for the future middleware. Subsequently, we introduce reflective computing and reflective middleware to resolve some typical problem, which are related to the future middleware system. Finally, we conclude this paper and point out the future directions of research.
First Odin sub-mm retrievals in the tropical upper troposphere: humidity and cloud ice signals

Odin-SMR is a limb-sounder operating in the 500 GHz region with the capability of performing measurements down to altitudes of about 10 km with relatively low influence of ice clouds. Until now spectra from tropospheric tangent altitudes have been disregarded due to inadequate handling of scattering. A first method to extract upper tropospheric quantities has now been developed, yielding the humidity in two layers around 200 and 130 hPa and information on cloud ice content above 200 hPa. First results are compared with in situ MOZAIC measurements and presented to give a global view of the horizontal distribution. The seasonal structures are in agreement with other satellite measurements. The main concern for these retrievals is the calibration performance. A careful analysis indicates a systematic calibration error of about 1 K, but also a random component that differs between the two bands. The random calibration uncertainty results in retrieval errors of 10–60% depending on humidity and band. Presently this prohibits use of single retrievals, but averages can be presented with good accuracy. The fixed calibration error can largely be removed, leaving the spectroscopic uncertainties to dominate the humidity retrieval accuracy, with a worst case estimate of 30%. However, the comparison of MOZAIC data and the measurements for the 200 hPa layer shows a systematic difference of <10%. This indicates that the actual systematic error is low and gives further confidence in the capability of Odin-SMR to measure humidity in the upper tropical troposphere.
Planets around evolved intermediate-mass stars - I. Two substellar companions in the open clusters NGC 2423 and NGC 4349

Context. Many efforts are being made to characterize extrasolar planetary systems and unveil the fundamental mechanisms of planet formation. An important aspect of the problem, which remains largely unknown, is to understand how the planet formation process depends on the mass of the parent star. In particular, as most planets discovered to date orbit a solar-mass primary, little is known about planet formation around more massive stars. Aims. To investigate this point, we present first results from a radial velocity planet search around red giants in the clump of intermediate-age open clusters. We choose clusters harbouring red giants with masses between 1.5 and 4 M� , using the well-known cluster parameters to accurately determine the stellar masses. We are therefore exploring a poorly-known domain of primary masses, which will bring new insights into the properties of extrasolar planetary systems. Methods. We follow a sample of about 115 red giants with the Coralie and HARPS spectrographs to obtain high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements and detect giant planets around these stars. We use bisector and activity index diagnostics to distinguish between planetary-induced RV variations and stellar photospheric jitter. Results. We present the discoveries of a giant planet and a brown dwarf in the open clusters NGC 2423 and NGC 4349, orbiting the 2.4 M� -star NGC 2423 No. 3 (TYC 5409-2156-1) and the 3.9 M� -star NGC 4349 No. 127 (TYC 8975-2606-1). These low-mass companions have orbital periods of 714 and 678 days and minimum masses of 10.6 and 19.8 MJup, respectively. Combined with the other known planetary systems, these detections indicate that the frequency of massive planets is higher around intermediate-mass stars, and therefore probably scales with the mass of the protoplanetary disk.
Online Learning of Multiple Tasks with a Shared Loss

We study the problem of learning multiple tasks in parallel within the online learning framework. On each online round, the algorithm receives an instance for each of the parallel tasks and responds by predicting the label of each instance. We consider the case where the predictions made on each round all contribute toward a common goal. The relationship between the various tasks is defined by a global loss function, which evaluates the overall quality of the multiple predictions made on each round. Specifically, each individual prediction is associated with its own loss value, and then these multiple loss values are combined into a single number using the global loss function. We focus on the case where the global loss function belongs to the family of absolute norms, and present several online learning algorithms for the induced problem. We prove worst-case relative loss bounds for all of our algorithms, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large-scale multiclass-multilabel text categorization problem.
Experimental verification of 3D bipedal walking based on Passive Dynamic Autonomous Control

This paper addresses a three-dimensional biped dynamic walking control based on Passive Dynamic Autonomous Control (PDAC). In our previous work, the robot dynamics is modeled as a two-dimensional autonomous system of a three-dimensional inverted pendulum by applying the PDAC concept. In addition, the convergence algorithm based on conservative quantities named “PDAC constant” was proposed, so that walking velocity and direction is controllable. In this paper, we apply our control framework to an experimental robot “Multi-locomotion Robot”; then the performance and the efficiency of the proposed control algorithm are verified by experiments.
Does ocean-atmosphere coupling influence the properties of Tropical Instability Waves ?

In this study it is investigated how the modulation of surface windstress by tropical instability waves (TIWs) feeds back onto TIWs and plays a role in their fundamental properties. An ocean general circulation model is used, that reproduces qualitatively well the properties of TIWs when forced by climatological winds. The ocean model is coupled to the atmosphere through a simple parameterization of the wind stress response to SST. The properties of the TIWs in the coupled simulations are compared with those without active coupling. Active coupling results in a negative feedback on TIWs, reducing their variability, both at the surface and sub-surface. This reduced activity modulates the meridional heat and momentum transport, resulting in modest changes to the mean state, with a cooler cold tongue and stronger equatorial currents. Resumo. Resultados de um modelo acoplado, usando um esquema simplificado da camada limite planetária (CLP) sob diferentes intensidades de acoplamento, sugerem que este sistema é capaz de simular as impressões atmosféricas das Ondas de Instabilidade Tropical (OIT) usando o coeficiente de acoplamento padrão. O acoplamento ativo produz um feedback negativo nas OIT. A atividade das OIT tendem a serem reduzidas tanto na superfı́cie quanto na sub-superfı́cie oceânica. Os experimentos usando acoplamento ativo simulam uma região do Pacifico equatorial mais fria (anomalias de até -0.3◦C) comparadas com o experimento de controle (CTL). Entretanto, o mecanismo que explica completamente os efeitos das OIT na CLP precisa ser mais estudado.
Understanding Scalability and Performance Requirements of I/O-Intensive Applications on Future Multicore Servers

Today, there is increased interest in understanding the impact of data-centric applications on compute and storage infrastructures as datasets are projected to grow dramatically. In this paper, we examine the storage I/O behavior of twelve data-centric applications as the number of cores per server grows. We configure these applications with realistic datasets and examine configuration points where they perform significant amount of I/O. We propose using cycles per I/O (cpio) as a metric for abstracting many I/O subsystem configuration details. We analyze specific architectural issues pertaining to data-centric applications including the usefulness of hyperthreading, sensitivity to memory bandwidth, and the potential impact of disruptive storage technologies. Our results show that today's data-centric applications are not able to scale with the number of cores: moving from one to eight cores, results in 0% to 400% more cycles per I/O operation. These applications can achieve much of their performance with only 50% of the memory bandwidth available on modern processors. Hyper-threading is extremely effective for these applications and, on average, applications suffer only a 15% reduction in performance when hyper-threading is used instead of full cores. Further, DRAM-type persistent memory has the potential to solve scalability bottlenecks by reducing or eliminating idle and I/O completion periods and improving server utilization. We use a detailed methodology to project that in the year 2020, at 4096 processors, servers will require between 250-500 GB/s under optimistic scaling assumptions. We show that if the current trend in application scalability is not reversed, we will need about 2.5M servers that will consume 10 BKWh of energy to do a single pass over the projected 35 Zeta Bytes of data in 2020.
Real-time Ukrainian sign language recognition system

This article focuses on the development of computational methods and software for the computerized real-time Ukrainian sign language recognition system. The proposed recognition model differs from known approaches in the identification of hand shape in motion. The system makes use of a video camera as a sensor. Hand shape recognition method based on fingertips location and pseudo 2-dimentional image deformation model is used. The sign identification method is based on the hidden Markov models. There has been applied the one-dimensional hidden Markov model which consists of 8 states. Achieved 91.7% sign recognition rate of test set comprising 85 signs.