Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lack of Zero Anaphora and Incipient Person Marking in Tagalog

It has been widely assumed that Tagalog allows zero anaphora freely for both actors and undergoers in semantically transitive constructions. The data presented here strongly suggest that this assumption is wrong for actors in one of the two basic transitive construction types: undergoer-oriented constructions. In these constructions, the actor argument does not appear to be freely omissible in contexts in which zero anaphora would be pragmatically warranted. This finding has implications for the controversial issue of whether undergoer-oriented construction in Tagalog are syntactically transitive. Furthermore, it suggests that the most common kind of overt actor expressions found in this construction, pronominal clitics, may be analyzed as an early stage in the grammaticization of person marking
The experience of work : a compendium and review of 249 measures and their use

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The K-band Hubble diagram for the brightest cluster galaxies: a test of hierarchical galaxy formation models

ABSTRACT We analyse the K-band Hubble diagram for a sample of brightest cluster galax-ies (BCGs) in the redshift range 0 < z < 1. In good agreement with earlier stud-ies, we conﬁrm that the scatter in the absolute magnitudes of the galaxies is small(0.3magnitudes). The BCGs exhibit very little luminosity evolution in this redshiftrange: if q 0 = 0.0 we detect no luminosity evolution; for q 0 = 0.5 we measure a smallnegative evolution (i.e., BCGs were about 0.5magnitudes fainter at z = 1 than to-day). If the mass in stars of these galaxies had remained constant over this periodof time, substantial positive luminosity evolution would be expected: BCGs shouldhave been brighter in the past since their stars were younger. A likely explanationfor the observed zero or negative evolution is that the stellar mass of the BCGs hasbeen assembled over time through merging and accretion, as expected in hierarchi-cal models of galaxy formation. The colour evolution of the BCGs is consistent withthat of an old stellar population (z
Smart demand technology to improve system stability during high wind situation

The development of communication technology makes flexible demand side management a possible solution to improve transmission system security. With the high penetration of wind energy, transmission system becomes more dynamic than ever before. Demand side management is a smart way of managing power system in the future pre and post events. This paper will introduce a smart demand side control technology to help with system stability during high wind scenario. It will explore the congestion caused by wind intermittency and prove how flexible demand can help with the high wind situation. An algorithm will be introduced on how to define wind corridor using PTDF method and how to choose graphical sensitive demand to improve system stability transmission congestions pre and post event. A dynamic model will be used to simulate transmission system behavior with high wind scenario and different demand management strategy and draw a conclusion how transmission system can use demand side management to enhance system stability.
Accuracy of Recognition for Speech Presented to the Right and Left Ears

Earlier reports by other authors had shown that recall of dichotically presented speech was better for words arriving at the right ear, while recognition of passages of music was better for music presented to the left ear. It seemed desirable to test recognition for speech, in order to show that the difference between materials rather than the difference in testing techniques was responsible for this disparity between ears. Accordingly 18 men were presented with dichotic lists of digits, and then tested for recognition of the digits. There was no indication of an advantage for the left ear, but rather of the advantage for the right already established for recall of speech materials.
Motor and Cognitive Functions of the Hand in Infancy and Childhood

This paper reviews recent work on the development of the perceptual information-seeking function of the hand in relation to its motor-executive function. The general argument is that from five to six months of age, i.e. when the movements of the hand begin to be systematically controlled by vision, manual haptic competences are consistently under-used and are obscured by a strong visual dominance. Although intramodal haptic discrimination and visual-tactual cross modal transfer take place very early in infancy, infants and children make poor use of their manual perceptual abilities. Consequently, their observed performance on bimodal visual-haptic tasks and in cross modal tasks do not fully support Gibson's hypothesis of amodal processing of perceptual information.
Artificial climate warming positively affects arbuscular mycorrhizae but decreases soil aggregate water stability in an annual grassland

Despite the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizae to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. nutrient uptake, soil aggregation), and the increasing evidence of global warming, responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to climate warming are poorly understood. In a field experiment using infrared heaters, we found effects of warming on AMF after one growing season in an annual grassland, in the absence of any effects on measured root parameters (weight, length, average diameter). AMF soil hyphal length was increased by over 40% in the warmed plots, accompanied by a strong trend for AMF root colonization increase. In the following year, root weight was again not significantly changed, and AMF root colonization increased significantly in the warmed plots. Concentration of the soil protein glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF hyphae with importance in soil aggregation, was decreased in the warmed plots. Soil aggregate water stability, measured for five diameter size classes, was also decreased significantly. In the following year, soil aggregate weight in two size classes was decreased significantly, but the effect size was very small. These results indicate that ecosystem warming may have stimulated carbon allocation to AMF. Other factors either influenced glomalin decomposition or production, hence influencing the role of these symbionts in soil aggregation. The observed small changes in soil aggregation, if widespread among terrestrial ecosystems, could have important consequences for soil carbon storage and erosion in a warmed climate, especially if there are cumulative effects of warming.
Using a Structural Model of Halo Effect to Assess Perceptual Distortion due to Affective Overtones

Perceptual distortion due to affective overtones can cause problems for consumer research on evaluative judgments. This paper proposes and illustrates a method for estimating such perceptual biases via a structural model of halo effect. In this application, a reanalysis of some data originally reported elsewhere indicates the model's usefulness in assessing perceptual distortion due to affective overtones.
A qualitative study of the patterns of infant feeding and care in the Hinche area of Plateau Central Haiti.

The overall objective of the IFPRI-Cornell-World Vision/Haiti project is to compare in an operational context the difference in impact and cost-effectiveness of two models for delivering integrated food and nutrition programs with a food supplementation component. The models being compared are the traditional recuperative approach and the innovative preventive approach defined as follows: In the traditional recuperative model children are targeted to receive food supplements based on their nutritional status measured during growth monitoring activities. Children identified as having a weight-for-age below –2SD from the median are eligible to receive food rations for a period of up to 9 months; In the preventive model food supplements are targeted to all children younger than two years of age irrespective of their nutritional status. In this case targeting of the food supplements is based on age only and is expected to prevent growth faltering and malnutrition rather than curing it. (excerpt)
After the disaster

: Naomi Klein's The Shock Doctrine offers a weak analysis of ‘neoliberalism’ linked to a defeatist ideology. If we wish to move beyond the global economic crisis, we should borrow ideas from Mauss, Polanyi and Keynes; but the political level for an appropriate response is not obvious.
A proposed mechanism to explain the stimulatory effect of melatonin on antioxidative enzymes

Abstract: Melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, is known to collaborate against oxidative stress within cells, but its mechanism of action in terms of stimulating antioxidant enzymes remains unclear. Herein, we propose that melatonin modulates antioxidant enzyme activities via its interaction with calmodulin, which in turn inhibits downstream processes that lead to the inactivation of nuclear RORα melatonin receptor. Eventually, this nuclear transcription factor downregulates NF‐κB‐induced antioxidant enzyme expression. Therefore, the increment in antioxidant enzyme activities induced by melatonin involves the inhibition of the RORα pathway. Thus, in addition to its direct free radical scavenging activities, melatonin has important actions in oxidative defense by stimulating enzymes which metabolize free radicals and radical products to innocuous metabolites.
I-AIM (Indication, Acquisition, Interpretation, Medical Decision-making) Framework for Point of Care Lung Ultrasound

Case 1 You are on call for anesthesia. The neurosurgeon on call has booked an emergency decompression of a subdural hematoma for an elderly man who fell at home during a syncopal episode. A chest radiograph on admission showed fractures of the sixth to eighth ribs with no evidence of a pneumothorax. Cardiac workup and blood work were noncontributory. On assessment, the man is desaturating on room air despite no previous respiratory history. He is uncooperative and will require general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.
Looking beyond risk: A study of lay epidemiology of childhood disorders

Davison, Frankel, and Davey Smith (1989) conceptualised lay epidemiology as the process of interpreting health risks through considering non-traditional sources of information drawn from personal networks and from the public arena. We analysed 100 unsolicited letters received by professional epidemiologists studying the causes of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). The correspondents sourced their ideas from an interaction between personal, social, media, and scientific sources, as well as conducting their own studies. Thus their correspondence represented a form of lay epidemiology in action, and as such provides a useful pointer to how ‘lay expertise’ may be harnessed in practice. The vast majority of the letters put forward theories and hypotheses about hazards related to early twenty-first century society, either medical technologies, unavoidable by-products of technology, or risks created by modern lifestyles. Given the conclusions of previous studies a surprisingly small minority put forward causes related to vaccines. This disparity is discussed. The findings shed light on the nature of public trust of institutions involved in the definition of risk. They underline the strength of public concern not just about vaccines, but more widely about risks of modern society and technology causing childhood disorders.
Impact of water potential on growth and germination of Fusarium solani soilborne pathogen of peanut

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of osmotic and matric stress on germination and growth of two Fusarium solani strains, the etiological agent responsible of peanut brown root rot. Both strains had similar osmotic and matric potential ranges that allowed growth, being the latter one narrower. F. solani showed the ability to grow down to −14 MPa at 25 °C in non-ionic modified osmotic medium, while under matric stress this was limited to −8.4 MPa at 25 °C. However, both strains were seen to respond differently to decreasing osmotic and matric potentials, during early stages of germination. One strain (RC 338) showed to be more sensitive to matric than osmotic (non ionic) and the other one (RC 386) showed to be more sensitive to osmotic than matric imposed water stress. After 24 h of incubation, both isolates behaved similarly. The minimum water potential for germination was −8.4 MPa on glycerol amended media and −5.6 MPa for NaCl and PEG amended media, respectively. The knowledge of the water potential range which allow mycelia growth and spore germination of F. solani provides an inside to the likely behaviour of this devastating soilborne plant pathogen in nature and has important practical implications.
Reflexivity: curse or cure?

Reflexivity has been argued to be self‐defeating and potentially devastating for the sociology of scientific knowledge. We first survey various meanings associated with the concept of reflexivity and then provide an interpretation of Velázquez's Las Meñinas to generate a three‐part taxonomy of reflexivity, distinguishing between ‘immanent’, ‘epistemic’ and ‘transcendent’ reflexivity. This provides the basis for engaging with reflexivity as a problem in the economic methodology literature, focusing on recent contributions to the topic by Hands, Sent, Mäki and Mirowski. Employment of our taxonomy clarifies the similarities and differences between the various forms of reflexivity that can be identified or are addressed in these contributions. Our main argument is that a successful response to the malign aspects of reflexivity requires a simultaneous consideration of various levels of reflexivity and relies on social–historical perspectives.
Quantifying Arm Nonuse in Individuals Poststroke

Background. Arm nonuse, defined as the difference between what the individual can do when constrained to use the paretic arm and what the individual does when given a free choice to use either arm, has not yet been quantified in individuals poststroke. Objectives. (1) To quantify nonuse poststroke and (2) to develop and test a novel, simple, objective, reliable, and valid instrument, the Bilateral Arm Reaching Test (BART), to quantify arm use and nonuse poststroke. Methods. First, we quantify nonuse with the Quality of Movement (QOM) subscale of the Actual Amount of Use Test (AAUT) by subtracting the AAUT QOM score in the spontaneous use condition from the AAUT QOM score in a subsequent constrained use condition. Second, we quantify arm use and nonuse with BART by comparing reaching performance to visual targets projected over a 2D horizontal hemi–work space in a spontaneous-use condition (in which participants are free to use either arm at each trial) with reaching performance in a constrained-use condition. Results. All participants (N = 24) with chronic stroke and with mild to moderate impairment exhibited nonuse with the AAUT QOM. Nonuse with BART had excellent test-retest reliability and good external validity. Conclusions. BART is the first instrument that can be used repeatedly and practically in the clinic to quantify the effects of neurorehabilitation on arm use and nonuse and in the laboratory for advancing theoretical knowledge about the recovery of arm use and the development of nonuse and “learned nonuse” after stroke.
Development of translating ribosome affinity purification for zebrafish

The regulation of transcription and translation by specific cell types is essential to generate the cellular diversity that typifies complex multicellular organisms. Tagging and purification of ribosomal proteins has been shown to be an innovative and effective means of characterizing the ribosome bound transcriptome of highly specific cell populations in vivo. To test the feasibility of using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) in zebrafish, we have generated both a ubiquitous TRAP line and a melanocyte‐specific TRAP line using the native zebrafish rpl10a ribosomal protein. We have demonstrated the capacity to capture mRNA transcripts bound to ribosomes, and confirmed the expected enrichment of melanocyte specific genes and depletion of non‐melanocyte genes when expressing the TRAP construct with a cell specific promoter. We have also generated a generic EGFP‐rpl10a Tol2 plasmid construct (Tol2‐zTRAP) that can be readily modified to target any additional cell populations with characterized promoters in zebrafish. genesis 51:187–192, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Digital publics and participatory education

This article—a collaborative exploration between instructors, students, and members of the broader, digital classroom community—explores how the strategic incorporation of sociotechnical networks and digital technologies facilitates literate practices that extend the classroom in productive ways. The article builds toward coauthors’ reflective practices (Schön, 1983), or “participatory perspectives”, had during an undergraduate English Studies course at a mid-sized, public, American university. Specifically, participants argue that these literate practices afforded not just information sharing, but the opening up of a traditional classroom to include broader digital publics and collaborative knowledge work (Spinuzzi, 2006). Toward this end, we ground literate practice in scholarship that attends to public writing in online spaces, and theoretically frame our argument using Jenkins et al.’s (2006) principles of participatory education. We then detail the specific curricular approach deliberately designed to create digitally connected publics and end with generalizable significance of coauthors’ participatory perspectives.
[Clinical effect of ligustrazine combined with citicoline for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy].

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of the therapeutic schema for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with ligustrazine and citicoline injection in combination. METHODS Adopting double-centered randomized controlled trial, 300 patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups, who were treated respectively by ligustrazine plus citicoline (group A), ligustrazine alone (group B) and citicoline alone (group C). Clinical efficacy, symptomatic integral (SI), electromyogram ( EMG), blood sugar and blood lipids were assessed 4 weeks after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and SI were assessed at the end of 3-month follow-up. RESULTS After 4-week treatment, improvements of blood sugar and blood lipids were seen in all the three groups, showing insignificant difference among them (P > 0.05). But the clinical efficacy, improvement of SI and EMG in group A were superior to those in group B and C (P < 0.05), while the difference between group B and C was insignificant. No severe adverse reaction was found. Results at the end of 3-month follow-up showed that the clinical efficacy in group A was still better than in the other two groups, so did the SI (6.39 +/- 2.04 vs 8.36 +/- 1.17 and 8.05 +/- 1.34, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic schema of using ligustrazine and citicoline in combination is effective and safe for improving DPN, and worthy of clinical spreading.
An experimental analysis of routing inconsistency in indoor wireless mesh networks

As of today, many routing protocols for wireless mesh networks have been proposed. Nevertheless, quite a few take the high loss rate of control packets into account. This work analyzes the problem of consistent routing information among wireless network nodes. To accomplish this, we propose a metric to evaluate the level of inconsistency among routing tables. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that the high loss rates seen in indoor environments negatively influence route computation. In addition, we demonstrate that the high network dynamics leads to severe instability in next hop selection. Results show that the effect of loss is significant and that the simple manipulation of routing protocol configuration parameters may be not enough to cope with the problem.
The Spx paralogue MgsR (YqgZ) controls a subregulon within the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis

The alternative sigma factor σB of Bacillus subtilis is responsible for the induction of the large general stress regulon comprising approximately 150–200 genes. YqgZ, a member of the σB regulon, resembles the global regulator Spx of the diamide stress regulon in B. subtilis. In this work we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analysis of the B. subtilis wild‐type 168 and its isogenic ΔsigB and ΔyqgZ mutants following exposure to 4% (v/v) ethanol stress, which led to the characterization of a ‘subregulon’ within the general stress response that is regulated by YqgZ. Activation and induction of σB are necessary but not sufficient for a full expression of all general stress genes. Expression of 53 genes was found to be positively regulated and the expression of 18 genes was negatively affected by YqgZ. The identification of the negatively regulated group represents a so far uncharacterized regulatory phenomenon observed in the ΔsigB mutant background that can now be attributed to the function of YqgZ. Due to the strict σB‐dependent expression of YqgZ it was renamed to MgsR (modulator of the general stress response).
"Compensatory Legitimation" in Greek Educational Policy: An Explanation for the Abortive Educational Reforms in Greece in Comparison with Those in France.

This article examines the political dynamics of planning and implementing educational reforms in Greece and makes comparisons with those in France. It argues that, as in the case of France, the notion of the state's concern for 'compensatory legitimation' of its authority provides a more adequate theoretical tool for explaining the long series of abortive educational reforms in Greece than the ones employed so far by Greek sociologists and historians of education. Furthermore, by comparing the strategies for compensatory legitimation employed in the two countries, the article reaches the conclusion that in Greece, whilst the invocation of legal and constitutional norms is very old and common, the use of expertise and the invocation of a discourse of participation are very recent and limited compared with France.
Reflections on Teaching Refactoring: A Tale of Two Projects

Teaching refactoring effectively while making students realize the importance and benefits of refactoring is a challenge. In this direction, an experiment was carried out while conducting the course project for the Refactoring and Design Patterns course. This paper discusses the results of the experiment that involved two different project schemes to carry out refactoring activities on the same code base. One scheme was post-enhancement refactoring and the other was pre-enhancement refactoring. The aim of the experiment was to decide which scheme was beneficial in terms of better understanding, appreciation, and implementation of refactoring.