Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Carrier Cdma In Indoor Wireless Radio Networks

This paper examines a novel digital modulation/multiple access technique called Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) where each data symbol is transmitted at multiple narrowband subcarriers. Each subcarrier is encoded with a phase offset of 0 or p based on a spreading code. Analytical results are presented on the performance of this modulation scheme in an indoor wireless multipath radio channel.
DIGITAL FILTERING OF BACKGROUND ERROR COVARIANCE ESTIMATES GENERATED BY A FORECAST ENSEMBLE

We demonstrate the usefulness of a digital Gaussian filter to provide a distance -dependent reduction of background error covariance estimates generated from an ensemble of for casts. These improved background error covariance estimates are used in a hybrid ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation scheme to generate a reduced-error ensemble of model initi al conditions. The benefits of using the filter can be understood in part from examining the character istics of simple 2 2 covariance matrices generated from random sample vectors with known va ria ces and covariance. These show that for small sample sizes, noisiness in cov ariance estimates tends to overwhelm signal when the true covariance between the sample elements is small. Since the true covariance of forecast errors is generally related to the distance between grid points, covariance estimates from a small ensemble are more error prone with increasing di tance between grid points. This property is demonstrated with a quasigeostrophic channel model by compa ring covariance estimates generated by small and large ensembles. The benefits of including distance-dependent reduction of covariance estimates is demonstrated by using a digital filter in conjunction with a hybrid ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation scheme. The digitally filtered covariances are shown to provide more impr ovement for relatively sparse observational networks than for dense networks. An explanation of this effec t is hypothesized.
Improving access and college success for diverse students : studies of the gates millennium scholars program

1. David R. Merkowitz, "Opportunity Answered: Summary Research Findings on the Gates Millennium Scholars Program. " 2. Bronwyn L. Nichols, Michele Zimowski, Raymond M. Lodato, & Rashna Ghadialy, "The Survey of Diverse Students. " 3. William T. Trent, Yuqin Gong, & Dawn Owens-Nicholson, "The Relative Contribution of High School Origins to College Access. " 4. Walter R. Allen, Marguerite Bonous-Hammarth, & Susan A. Suh, "Who Goes to College? High School Context, Academic Preparation, the College Choice Process, and College Attendance. " 5. Edward P. St. John & Choong-Geun Chung, "The Impact of GMS on Financial Access: Analyses of the 2000 Cohort. " 6. Sylvia Hurtado, Thomas F. Nelson Laird, & Thomas E. Perorazio, "The Transition to College for Low-income Students: The Impact of the GMS Program. " 7. William E. Sedlacek & Hung-Bin Sheu, "Academic Success of Gates Millennium Scholars. " 8. John B. Lee & Suzanne B. Clery," How Do College Choice and Persistence for GMS Recipients Compare to Minority Students Who Received Pell? " 9. Edward P. St. John & Choong-Geun Chung, "Student Aid and Major Choice: A Study of High-Achieving Students of Color. " 10. William E. Sedlacek & Hung-Bin Sheu, "Correlates of Leadership Activities of Gates Millennium Scholars. " 11. Edward P. St. John, "Conclusions and Implications. " Index.
Parallel Generation of Massive Scale-Free Graphs

One of the biggest huddles faced by researchers studying algorithms for massive graphs is the lack of large input graphs that are essential for the development and test of the graph algorithms. This paper proposes two efficient and highly scalable parallel graph generation algorithms that can produce massive realistic graphs to address this issue. The algorithms, designed to achieve high degree of parallelism by minimizing inter-processor communications, are two of the fastest graph generators which are capable of generating scale-free graphs with billions of vertices and edges. The synthetic graphs generated by the proposed methods possess the most common properties of real complex networks such as power-law degree distribution, small-worldness, and communities-within-communities. Scalability was tested on a large cluster at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In the experiment, we were able to generate a graph with 1 billion vertices and 5 billion edges in less than 13 seconds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest synthetic scale-free graph reported in the literature.
Sphere Decoding for Spatial Modulation Systems with Arbitrary Nt

Recently, three Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithms were proposed for Spatial Modulation (SM) scheme which focus on reducing the transmit-, receive-, and both transmit and receive-search spaces at the receiver and were termed as Receiver-centric SD (Rx-SD), Transmitter-centric SD (Tx-SD), and Combined SD (C-SD) detectors, respectively. The Tx-SD detector was proposed for systems with Nt \leq Nr, where Nt and Nr are the number of transmit and receive antennas of the system. In this paper, we show that the existing Tx-SD detector is not limited to systems with Nt \leq Nr but can be used with systems Nr < Nt \leq 2Nr - 1 as well. We refer to this detector as the Extended Tx-SD (E-Tx-SD) detector. Further, we propose an E- Tx-SD based detection scheme for SM systems with arbitrary Nt by exploiting the Inter-Channel Interference (ICI) free property of the SM systems. We show with our simulation results that the proposed detectors are ML-optimal and offer significantly reduced complexity.
The Effects of Physical Exertion on Cognitive Performance

Abstract : This study examined the cognitive and physiological performance of soldiers as they exercised on a treadmill at various grades. Twelve soldiers walked at 1.56 m/sec on three grades, 0%, 3.5%, and 7.0%. The cognitive tasks performed by the soldiers were taken from the Walter Reed Performance Assessment Battery. The tasks chosen for this study included two reaction time tasks, an arithmetic task, and a decision-making task. Three measures were used to evaluate performance of the cognitive tasks: accuracy (percent correct), response time (responses per minute), and throughput (hits per minute). The physiological variables were heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. The findings of the research strongly support the fact that physical exertion does impact cognitive performance. Results indicate that the physical exertion facilitated performance of the two reaction time tasks and the decision-making task. Performance of the arithmetic task was degraded. The physiological results were compatible with those of progressive exercise.
Optimal Bidding Strategies for Wind Power Producers with Meteorological Forecasts

In recent years, the interest in clean renewable energy resources, such as wind and photovoltaic, has grown rapidly. It is well known that the inherent variability in wind power generation and the related difficulty in predicting future generation profiles, raise major challenges to wind power integration into the electricity grid. In this work we study the problem of optimizing energy bids for an independent Wind Power Producer (WPP) taking part into a competitive electricity market. It is assumed that the WPP is subject to financial penalties for generation shortfall and surplus. This means that, if the energy delivered over a given time slot is different from that subscribed in the bid, the WPP will be penalized, the monetary entity of the penalty depending on the wholesale market behavior, the day of the year and the time slot involved. An optimization procedure is devised to minimize this risk and maximize the expected profit of the seller. Specifically, each energy bid is computed by exploiting the forecast energy price for the day ahead market, the historical wind statistics at the plant site and the day-ahead wind speed forecasts provided by a meteorological service. We also examine and quantify the strategic role of an energy storage device in increasing reliability of bids and mitigating the financial risks of the WPP.
The form of the talus in some higher primates: a multivariate study.

Sixteen measurements of the talus have been taken on 334 tali of a total of eleven primate groups and several additional single individual specimens. Multivariate morphometric (canonical and generalized distance) analyses of these data in extant higher primates are presented and used to define the relative morphological positions of fossils of the genera Proconsul and Limnopithecus, of individual specimens from Kromdraai, Olduvai and Kiik-Koba (Homo neanderthalensis), and a group of specimens of Bronze Age man from Jericho. Following preliminary studies the ultimate analysis suggests that the various extant arboreal primates examined fall within an envelope that is defined by Macaca together with various other Old World monkeys and extending in different directions to the extreme genera (a) Pongo, (b) Hylobates and (c) Ateles. This separation is thus one which defines generally quadrupedal monkeys and separates the various extreme arboreal locomotor modes of (a) acrobatic climbing and hanging, (b) richochetal brachiation and (c) prehensile-tailed arm-swinging and hanging, respectively. Man and the African apes are well separated both from each other and from this spectrum of arboreally adapted genera. Bronze Age man from Jericho and Neandertal man from Kiik-Koba lie relatively close to the position for modern man although significantly separated from him. Limnopithecus, Proconsul, and the specimens from Kromdraai and Olduvai all lie within the envelope of arboreal species and specifically rather close to, although significantly different from, the orang-utan; they differ markedly from both man and the African apes. The possibility exists that the resemblances of Proconsul and Limnopithecus relate to arboreal habitus in these species. The findings for the specimens from Kromdraai and Olduvai suggest either that the morphological resemblances to arboreal forms relate to a previous arboreal history for these species, or that bipedality is much less advanced or uniquely different from that displayed by Homo. It is not inconceivable that both conditions might apply.
Mangiferin and Cancer: Mechanisms of Action

Mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families and found in mangoes and honeybush tea, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential. This review focuses on the effect of mangiferin on: (1) inflammation, with respect to NFκB, PPARү and the immune system; (2) cell cycle, the MAPK pathway G2/M checkpoint; (3) proliferation and metastasis, and implications on β-catenin, MMPs, EMT, angiogenesis and tumour volume; (4) apoptosis, with a focus on Bax/Bcl ratios, intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathways and telomerase activity; (5) oxidative stress, through Nrf2/ARE signalling, ROS elimination and catalase activity; and (6) efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin. In addition, the need to enhance the bioavailability and delivery of mangiferin are briefly addressed, as well as the potential for toxicity.
Performance Analysis of an Efficient Multicast Scheme for the Multimedia Communications in NEMO

Multicast can be considered as an efficient computing service for sharing resources in the multimedia communication systems. Sharing communications are not easy to do in the mobility networks (MONETs) for the limited bandwidth and the overhead of tunneling. Multicast is an intuitive method to solve this problem. To improve the performance, the multicast topology should be redesigned for the MONETs. The Mobile Router Forwarding Scheme (MRFS) algorithm is proposed for this goal. Compare with other schemes we surveyed, we can find that MRFS can reduce the storage cost for every Mobile Router (MR) especially in the TLMR (Top level MR) for the tree topology of NEMO. We also analyzed the performance of MRFS with the numerical approach and the simulation tool network simulator version 2 (NS2). The results show that MRFS algorithm outperforms other multicast protocols. To show the performance of the proposed schemes, we design a lot of experiments to analyze the performance. The experiment analysis could be an analysis model for the complex system which is not easy to be analyzed by the mathematic model.
Elevational Spatial Compounding

Spatial compounding has long been explored to reduce coherent speckle noise in medical ultrasound. By laterally translating a one-dimensional array, partially correlated measurements made at different look directions can be obtained and incoherently averaged. The lateral resolution, however, is limited by the sub-array length used for each independent measurement. To reduce speckle contrast without compromising lateral resolution, a new spatial compounding technique using two-dimensional, anisotropic arrays is proposed. This technique obtains partially correlated measurements by steering the image plane elevationally with small inclinations. Incoherent averaging is then performed by adding image magnitudes. Therefore, contrast resolution is improved only at the price of a slightly wider elevational beam. Note that although anisotropic arrays have limited steering capability in elevation, grating lobes are not considered influential since only small inclinations are needed between measurements. Simulations have been performed to show both the change in spatial resolution and the improvement in contrast resolution. Results indicated minimal increase in the correlation length both laterally and axially. It was also shown that detectability can be significantly enhanced by increasing the number of measurements or increasing the differential inclination between measurements. This technique is therefore effective for reducing speckle noise while maintaining in-plane spatial resolution. Furthermore, it demonstrates a new application of two-dimensional anisotropic arrays in spite of their limited elevational steering capability.
Web prefetching between low-bandwidth clients and proxies: potential and performance

The majority of the Internet population access the World Wide Web via dial-up modem connections. Studies have shown that the limited modem bandwidth is the main contributor to latency perceived by users. In this paper, we investigate one approach to reduce latency: prefetching between caching proxies and browsers. The approach relies on the proxy to predict which cached documents a user might reference next, and takes advantage of the idle time between user requests to push or pull the documents to the user. Using traces of modem Web accesses, we evaluate the potential of the technique at reducing client latency, examine the design of prediction algorithms, an’d investigate their performance varying the parameters and implementation concerns. Our results show that prefetching combined with large browser cache and delta-compression can reduce client latency up to 23.4%. The reduction is achieved using the Prediction-by-Partial-Matching (PPM) algorithm, whose accuracy ranges from 40% to 73% depending on its parameters, and which generates 1% to 15% extra trafhc on the modem links. A perfect predictor can increase the latency reduction to 28.50/o, whereas without prefetching, large browser cache and delta-compression can only reduce latency by 14.4%. Depending on the desired properties of the algorithm, several configurations for PPM can be best choices. Among several attractive simplifications of the scheme, some do more harm than others; in particular, it is important for the predictor to observe all accesses made by users, including browser cache hits.
A Supervised Approach for Text Illustration

In this paper we propose a novel method to illustrate text articles with pictures from a tagged repository. Certain types of documents, like news articles, are often accompanied by a few pictures only. Prior works leverage topics or key phrases from the text to suggest relevant pictures. We propose a supervised model based on features like readability, picturability, sentiment polarity, and presence of important phrases, to identify and rank key sentences. The proposed method then suggests some relevant pictures based on the top ranked sentences thus identified.
The Self-Image of Adolescent Immigrants: The Case of Iranian-American Adolescents.

Adolescence is a time when individuals are trying to establish a sense of personal identity. This study compared the self-image of Iranian-American adolescents with those in a normative American sample so as to determine whether or not growing up with two cultures hinders the development of adolescents' self-image. The subjects were 150 (75 male, 75 female) first-generation, Iranian-American adolescents ages 13 to 18, who were either born in or had lived in tbe United States for more than 10 years. These adolescents lived in large urban areas and 80 percent of them had grade point averages of 3.0 or higher. Participants answered demographic questions and a self-image questionnaire. Results showed that the Iranian-American adolescents had significantly lower total self-image scores than the normative sample. Likewise, participants' scores on a family functioning sub-scale were also significantly lower than the normative sample. The poorer self-image of the study group could be partly due to the conflicts between child rearing practices and cultural expectations of each culture. Educators should note that students who are doing well in school may still suffer from a poor self-image. Contains 98 references. (RJM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * The Self-Image of Adolescent Immigyants: The Case of Iranian-American Adolescents Bahareh Amid-Hozour Sharghi 4545 S.Chelsea Lane Bethesda MD. 20814 OBJECTIVES U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 0". ce ci dtiCAli, I ',PS, n't EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER tERICI 0 This document hos been reproduced . 15 received from the poison or ordain/anon originating it 0 Minni changes have hem, made to improve replodoction duality 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAI
Set-membership identification of ARX models with quantized measurements

System identification with binary or quantized measurements is a problem relevant to a number of applications in different fields. While identification of FIR models has been studied in depth, more complex model structures still need to be investigated. In this paper, identification of ARX models with quantized measurements is addressed in a set membership setting. In particular, the problem of characterizing and bounding the feasible parameter set (FPS), i.e., the set of model parameters which are compatible with the available data, is tackled. Being the FPS in general nonconvex, an algorithm is proposed for constructing an outer approximation. The proposed technique relies on quasiconvex relaxations of the original problem, based on generalized linear fractional programming. Structural properties of the FPS and convergence issues are analyzed, and numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed procedure.
Topology design of large-scale optical networks

Yufeng Xin. Topology Design of Large-Scale Optical Networks. (Under the direction of Professor George N. Rouskas and Professor Harry G. Perros). Optical networks consisting of optical cross-connects(OXCs) arranged in some arbitrary topology are emerging as an integral part of the Internet infrastructure. The main functionality of these networks will be to provide reliable end-to-end lightpath connections to large numbers of electronic label switched routers (LSRs). We consider two problems that arise in building such networks. The first problem is related to the topology design of optical networks that can grow to Internet scales, while the second is related to the light-tree routing for the provision of optical multicast services. In the first part of the thesis, we present a set of heuristic algorithms to address the combined problem of physical topology design (i.e., determine the number of OXCs required for a given traffic demand and the fiber links among them) and logical topology design (i.e., determine the routing and wavelength assignment for the lightpaths among the LSRs). We then extend our study to take a shared path-based protection scheme into consideration after presenting a detailed analysis and comparison of different protection strategies. In order to characterize the performance of our algorithms, we have developed lower bounds which can be computed efficiently. We present numerical results for up to 1000 LSRs and for a wide range of system parameters such as the number of wavelengths per fiber, the number of transceivers per LSR, and the number of ports per OXC. In the second part of the thesis, we study the problem of constructing light-trees under optical layer power budget constraints, with a focus on algorithms which can guarantee a certain level of quality for the signals received by the destination nodes. We define a new constrained light-tree routing problem by introducing a set of constraints on the source-destination paths to account for the power losses at the optical layer. We investigate a number of variants of this problem, we characterize their complexity, and we develop a suite of corresponding routing algorithms. We find that, in order to guarantee an adequate signal quality and to scale to large destination sets, light-trees must be as balanced as possible. Our algorithms are designed to construct balanced trees which, in addition to having good performance in terms of signal quality, they also ensure a certain degree of fairness among destination nodes. Topology Design of Large-Scale Optical Networks
Cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer.

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death in North America. There is evidence that the rate of mortality from colorectal cancer can be reduced by screening asymptomatic persons at average risk, beginning at the age of 50 years (N Engl J Med 1993 May 13;328(19):1365-71). The Preventive Services Task Force has endorsed screening with the use of a fecal occult-blood test or sigmoidoscopy (Preventive Services Task Force. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996:89-103). Colonoscopy is generally reserved for patients with positive results of screening tests or those with a higher-than-average risk of colorectal cancer. A multidisciplinary panel of experts has recommended that screening with colonoscopy be considered for persons at average risk (Gastroenterology 1997 Feb;112(2):594-642). In this study, researchers compared the costeffectiveness of the three modalities used in primary screening for colorectal cancer: fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.