Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partizipative Forschung und Gestaltung als Antwort auf empirische und forschungspolitische Herausforderungen der Arbeitsforschung

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von aktuellen Herausforderungen sowohl im empirischen Feld als auch in den Forschungsaktivitaten der Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie wird in diesem Artikel fur die Integration partizipativer und gestaltungsorientierter Elemente in die heterogene Fallstudienforschung der Subdisziplin pladiert. Hierfur werden wesentlich erscheinende Grundgedanken partizipativer Forschung skizziert, auf inhaltliche wie konzeptionelle Passung zur Fallstudienforschung uberpruft und exemplarische Beispiele fur eine Umsetzung vorgestellt, die der pragmatischen Vorgehenslogik der Fallstudienforschung entspricht. ----- Participatory research and intervention as an answer to challenges of empirical research and research policy? Abstract In the light of current challenges both in the empirical field and in the research activities of the sociology of work, this paper makes a case for the integration of participatory and intervention-oriented elements into the heterogeneous case study research of this subdiscipline. Basic ideas of participatory research will be outlined and the potential conceptual fit between them and case study research will be examined. Finally, empirical examples for an implementation of participatory elements in case study research are given. Keywords: Participatory research; case study research; sociology of work JEL: J83, M54 ----- Bibliographie: Sauer, Stefan: Partizipative Forschung und Gestaltung als Antwort auf empirische und forschungspolitische Herausforderungen der Arbeitsforschung? , Industrielle Beziehungen, 3-2017, S. 253-270. https://doi.org/10.3224/indbez.v24i3. 01
Management of postoperative ileus: focus on alvimopan

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a transient loss of coordinated peristalsis precipitated by surgery and exacerbated by opioid pain medication. Ileus causes a variety of symptoms including bloating, pain, nausea, and vomiting, but particularly delays tolerance of oral diet and liquids. Thus POI is a primary determinant of hospital stay after surgery. ‘Fast-track’ recovery protocols, opioid sparing analgesia, and laparoscopic surgery reduce but do not eliminate postoperative ileus. Alvimopan is a mu opioid receptor antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids on the intestine, while not interfering with their centrally mediated analgesic effect. Several large randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that alvimopan accelerates the return of gastrointestinal function after surgery and subsequent hospital discharge by approximately 20 hours after elective open segmental colectomy. However, it has not been tested in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery and is less effective in patients receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in a narcotic sparing postoperative pain control regimen. Safety concerns seen with chronic low dose administration of alvimopan for opioid bowel dysfunction have not been noted with its acute use for POI.
Advanced automated sequential hardware-in-the-loop simulator generation

Simulation of systems is needed during development. However, when the system becomes larger, only slow software simulators can simulate the whole design. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a perfect chip for simulation of designs in a more realistic environment than the software simulator. An FPGA is much faster when it comes to bit-accurate simulations, but has limited resources. When a large System-on-Chip (SoC) has to be simulated, this would probably never fit. Software simulation of bit-accurate simulations take incredible amount of time and is therefore not preferred. There is a method, as proposed in [4], which uses the repetition of the SoC to cut down the resource requirements. When a large SoC is built of multiple instances of the same entity, the instances could use the same circuit in the FPGA. Suppose we have a Network-on-Chip (NoC) with many routers. The router is one entity, but the NoC is built of many instances of the same router entity. Instances only differ from eachother by their internal state and the location in the network. Since the internal state is determined by the internal memory elements, it is possible to enlarge those internal memories, so they can contain state information for more than one instance. When multiple states can be stored in the same circuit, the instances can be run sequentially, instead of running in parallel. In hardware, normally every instance has its own circuit with its own memory elements like flip-flops. When all the memory elements are combined in the same circuit, we only need a lot of memory and we can reuse the wires and components between them. The internal state can be switched, by addressing other entries in the internal memories. And when the states can be switched, instances can be activated and simulated after eachother. Transforming a normal entity to this entity with multiple states in it, is one of the goals of this project. Additionally, when this transformed entity has to be simulated, it must be put in a simulator. This simulator controls the order of the simulated instances and the communication between them. This transformation has already been performed manually in [4]. In this project, this manual transformation has been automated. For example, the transformation tool gets the router entity as input and will build the simulator around it. The resulting design is the simulator, which is functionally identical to the whole network. In …
GLIF3: the evolution of a guideline representation format

The Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF) is a language for structured representation of guidelines. It was developed to facilitate sharing clinical guidelines. GLIF version 2 enabled modeling a guideline as a flowchart of structured steps, representing clinical actions and decisions. However, the attributes of structured constructs were defined as text strings that could not be parsed, and such guidelines could not be used for computer-based execution that requires automatic inference. GLIF3 is a new version of GLIF designed to support computer-based execution. GLIF3 builds upon the framework set by GLIF2 but augments it by introducing several new constructs and extending GLIF2 constructs to allow a more formal definition of decision criteria, action specifications and patient data. GLIF3 enables guideline encoding at three levels: a conceptual flowchart, a computable specification that can be verified for logical consistency and completeness, and an implementable specification that can be incorporated into particular institutional information systems.
BF-Chord: An Improved Lookup Protocol to Chord Based on Bloom Filter for Wireless P2P

Peer-to-peer(P2P) multimedia sharing is widely envisioned as one of the major applications of wireless communication network in the future, and wireless bandwidth constraint is its principal obstacle. Aiming to save bandwidth, a novel P2P lookup protocol named BF-Chord is proposed, in which the finger table in Chord is changed, shared files' information is compressed into Bloom Filters(BFs) before it is broadcasted to P2P system, and the broadcasting nature of wireless channel is exploited as well. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only decreases system's wireless bandwidth consumption, speeds object location, but also reduces the index information storage space.
On Treewidth and Graph Minors

Both treewidth and the Hadwiger number are key graph parameters in structural and algorithmic graph theory, especially in the theory of graph minors. For example, treewidth demarcates the two major cases of the Robertson and Seymour proof of Wagner’s Conjecture. Also, the Hadwiger number is the key measure of the structural complexity of a graph. In this thesis, we shall investigate these parameters on some interesting classes of graphs. The treewidth of a graph defines, in some sense, how “tree-like” the graph is. Treewidth is a key parameter in the algorithmic field of fixed-parameter tractability. In particular, on classes of bounded treewidth, certain NP-Hard problems can be solved in polynomial time. In structural graph theory, treewidth is of key interest due to its part in the stronger form of Robertson and Seymour’s Graph Minor Structure Theorem. A key fact is that the treewidth of a graph is tied to the size of its largest grid minor. In fact, treewidth is tied to a large number of other graph structural parameters, which this thesis thoroughly investigates. In doing so, some of the tying functions between these results are improved. This thesis also determines exactly the treewidth of the line graph of a complete graph. This is a critical example in a recent paper of Marx, and improves on a recent result by Grohe and Marx. By extending the techniques used, we also determine the treewidth of the line graph of a complete multipartite graph, up to lower order terms in general, and exactly whenever the complete multipartite graph is regular. This generalises a result by Lucena. We also determine a lower bound on the treewidth of any line graph; this result is similar to a question about the Hadwiger number of line graphs posed by Seymour, which was recently proven by DeVos et al. Finally, we prove a result on the treewidth of the Kneser graph; in doing so we also prove a generalisation of the famous Erdős-Ko-Rado Theorem. The Hadwiger number of a graph is the size of its largest complete minor. One of the most important conjectures in modern mathematics is Hadwiger’s Conjecture, which conjectures that the Hadwiger number of a graph is at least its chromatic number. A related question is determining what lower bound on the average degree is required to
Robot shaping: developing situated agents through learning

Modular row housing used to construct row housing units of one story or more comprising a plurality of modular units, each having a height of one story and a width corresponding to one-half of the finished width of the row housing unit, each modular unit comprising a party wall along its length, front and rear walls, a floor and a ceiling with the front and rear walls having a width corresponding to one-half of the finished width, each modular unit having an opening at the face opposite to the party wall, said opening being defined by free edges, two of said modular units being assembled together to form a single story with the free edges of each modular unit being held together in abuttment by a sealing material to close off the opening of each modular unit, thereby to provide the first story or a subsequent story of the row housing unit.
Bayesian Mixtures of Bernoulli Distributions

The mixture of Bernoulli distributions [6] is a technique that is frequently used for the modeling of binary random vectors. They differ from (restricted) Boltzmann Machines in that they do not model the marginal distribution over the binary data space X as a product of (conditional) Bernoulli distributions, but as a weighted sum of Bernoulli distributions. Despite the non-identifiability of the mixture of Bernoulli distributions [3], it has been successfully used to, e.g., dichotomous perceptual decision making [1], text classification [7], and word categorization [4]. Mixtures of Bernoulli distributions are typically trained using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, i.e. by performing maximum likelihood estimation. In this report, we develop a Gibbs sampler for a fully Bayesian variant of the Bernoulli mixture, in which (conjugate) priors are introduced over both the mixing proportions and over the parameters of the Bernoulli distributions. We develop both a finite Bayesian Bernoulli mixture (using a Dirichlet prior over the latent class assignment variables) and an infinite Bernoulli mixture (using a Dirichlet Process prior). We perform experiments in which we compare the performance of the Bayesian Bernoulli mixtures with that of a standard Bernoulli mixture and a Restricted Boltzmann Machine on a task in which the (unobserved) bottom half of a handwritten digit needs to be predicted from the (observed) top half of that digit. The outline of this report is as follows. Section 2 describes the generative model of the Bayesian Bernoulli mixture. Section 3 described how inference is performed in this model using a collapsed Gibbs sampler. Section 4 extends the Bayesian Bernoulli mixture to an infinite mixture model, and described the requires collapsed Gibbs sampler. Section 6 presents the setup and results of our experiments on a handwritten digit prediction task.
Graph Classification based on Top near optimal Co-occurrence Graph patterns of size-k

In the Graph classification context, frequent graph patterns are more used by many researchers as graphs classification features because its significant outcome result in graph classification such as prediction of proteins and molecules, graph data analysis and computation program flows. However, frequent pattern mined becomes non-trivial since the number of patterns is exponential. For this reason graph pattern mining has shifted from finding all frequent subgraphs to obtaining a small subset of frequent subgraphs that are representative, discriminative or significant. The process of finding a subset among all frequent subgraphs is NP-hard and estimation heuristic algorithms used doesn't give optimal solution of subset selected. In this paper we present an approach “Graph Classification based on Top near optimal Co-occurrence Graph patterns of size-k (TCG)”. The approach exploits the submodular property of information gain and special greedily select top co-occurrence subgraphs of size k among frequent subgraphs. Graph classification built on mined co-occurrence subgraphs show the quality of our approach and improvement on accuracy.
Investigating the relationship between TIP and three-link models when the mass are varied

In Humanoid robotics field, capability to perform any task that imitates human movement has been the major research focus. One of the critical movements is the Sit to Stand (STS) motion. STS motion can be predicted using three-link (3L) robot inverse kinematic and dynamic model. 3L multi segments is quite complicated and requires high computational resources to calculate. Telescopic Inverted Pendulum (TIP) is another model that much simpler for planning and analyzing humanoid robot since it represent whole body with one single link. However it is not clear whether TIP can represent 3L multi segment robot yet. Thus, this paper objective is to find the relationship between TIP and 3L model when the mass is varied. To do so, simulation setup for 3L and TIP model is developed using MATLAB. The torque values at each joint are observed to obtain the relationship between mass and the torque. The results show that both TIP and 3L model give a similarity result where mass and torque change in linear. For every drop of mass, the torque is also decrease.
A Hierarchical Entity-Based Approach to Structuralize User Generated Content in Social Media: A Case of Yahoo! Answers

Social media like forums and microblogs have accumulated a huge amount of user generated content (UGC) containing human knowledge. Currently, most of UGC is listed as a whole or in pre-defined categories. This “list-based” approach is simple, but hinders users from browsing and learning knowledge of certain topics effectively. To address this problem, we propose a hierarchical entity-based approach for structuralizing UGC in social media. By using a large-scale entity repository, we design a three-step framework to organize UGC in a novel hierarchical structure called “cluster entity tree (CET)”. With Yahoo! Answers as a test case, we conduct experiments and the results show the effectiveness of our framework in constructing CET. We further evaluate the performance of CET on UGC organization in both user and system aspects. From a user aspect, our user study demonstrates that, with CET-based structure, users perform significantly better in knowledge learning than using traditional list-based approach. From a system aspect, CET substantially boosts the performance of two information retrieval models (i.e., vector space model and query likelihood language model).
The ERP Effects of Combined Cognitive Training on Intention-Based and Stimulus-Based Actions in Older Chinese Adults

Age-related decreases in action are caused by neuromuscular weakness and cognitive decline. Although physical interventions have been reported to have beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults, whether cognitive training improves action-related function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of combined cognitive training on intention-based and stimulus-based actions in older adults using event-related potentials (ERPs). A total of 26 healthy older adults (16 in the training group and 10 in the control group) participated in the study. The training group received 16 sessions of cognitive training, including eight sessions of executive function training and eight sessions of memory strategy training. Before and after training, both groups of participants underwent cognitive assessments and ERP recordings during both the acquisition and test phases with a motor cognitive paradigm. During the acquisition phase, subjects were asked to press one of two keys, either using a self-selected (intention-based) method or based on the preceding stimulus (stimulus-based). During the test phase, subjects were asked to respond to the pre-cues with either congruent or incongruent tasks. Using ERP indices—including readiness potential, P3 and contingent negative variation to identify motor preparation, stimulus processing and interference effect, respectively—we revealed the effects of training on both intention-based and stimulus-based actions. The correlations were also computed between the improved cognitive performance and the ERP amplitudes. It was shown that the improved executive function might extend substantial benefits to both actions, whereas associative memory may be specifically related to the bidirectional action-effect association of intention-based action, although the training effect of memory was absent during the insufficient training hours. In sum, the present study provided empirical evidence demonstrating that action could benefit from cognitive training. Clinical Trial Registration: www.chictr. org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR-OON-16007793.
Outdoor Obstacle Detection and Localisation with Monovision and 3D Geographical Database

In this paper, an obstacle detection approach for downtown environments is developed. This approach exploits a 3D geographical database managed by a 3D-GIS and a monovision-based system. The pose estimated by a LRK GPS is used to geo-localise the vehicle. After coordinates system conversion, the vehicle is localised in the 3D geographical database. An image processing module is developed to match synchronized images provided by 3D GIS and an on-board camera. Several kinds of obstacles are then detected and tracked by comparison between real images and virtual images. Finally, the distance between the camera and the obstacles is computed, as well as the geo-position of the detected obstacles. Experimental results with real data are presented in the final section.
A network-based monitoring system for rehabilitation

Various techniques have been developed to monitor a patient's motion for rehabilitation, but many of them are expensive or inadequate for monitoring motions in daily living. In this paper, a network-based monitoring system, which consists of wireless sensor modules, computers at local and remote sites connected via the Internet, and a user-friendly monitoring program, is proposed. The wireless sensor module is an array of lightweight Arduino-powered inertia measurement units (IMUs) with wireless communication powered by the ZigBee protocol. The wireless sensor modules measure kinematic information of a human body, and the measured data is analyzed at the local and host computers which are connected via the Internet. For easy observation and monitoring, a 3D human model is animated in both computers. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, gait motions are monitored and analyzed by the proposed system with a shoe-type ground reaction force measurement system. The experimental results show that the proposed monitoring system can be used as a method to cheaply and noninvasively provide kinematic information conducive towards rehabilitation for patients, even without the presence of a trained specialist.
Contribution of Nrf2 to Atherogenic Phenotype Switching of Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Lacking CD38 Gene

Background/Aims: Recent studies have indicated that CD38 gene deficiency results in dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells upon atherogenic stimulations. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this vascular smooth muscle (SMC) phenotypic switching remain unknown. Methods & Results: In the present study, we first characterized the phenotypic change in the primary cultures of coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) from CD38-/- mice. It was shown that CD38 deficiency decreased the expression of contractile marker calponin, SM22α and α-SMA but increased the expression of SMC dedifferentiation marker, vimentin, which was accompanied by enhanced cell proliferation. This phenotypic change in CD38-/- CAMs was enhanced by 7-ketocholesterol (7-Ket), an atherogenic stimulus. We further found that the CD38 deficiency decreased the expression and activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor sensitive to redox regulation. Similar to CD38 deletion, Nrf2 gene silencing increased CAM dedifferentiation upon 7-Ket stimulation. In contrast, the overexpression of Nrf2 gene abolished 7-Ket-induced dedifferentiation in CD38-/- CAMs. Given the sensitivity of Nrf2 to oxidative stress, we determined the role of redox signaling in the regulation of Nrf2 expression and activity associated with CD38 effect in CAM phenotype changes. It was demonstrated that in CD38-/- CAMs, 7-Ket failed to stimulate the production of O2-. , while in CD38+/+ CAMs 7-Ket induced marked O2-. production and enhancement of Nrf2 activity, which was substantially attenuated by NOX4 gene silencing. Finally, we demonstrated that 7-Ket-induced and NOX4-dependent O2-. production was inhibited by 8-Br-cADPR, an antagonist of cADPR or NED-19, an antagonist of NAADP as product of CD38 ADP-ribosylcyclase, which significantly inhibited the level of cytosolic Ca2+ and the activation of Nrf2 under 7-Ket. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that CD38 activity is required for 7-Ket-induced Ca2+ and consequently O2-. production in CAMs, which increases Nrf2 activity to maintain their differentiated status. When CD38 gene expression and function are deficient, the Nrf2 activity is suppressed, thereby leading to phenotypic switching of CAMs.
Agglomeration and Trade Revisited

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we present an alternative model of agglomeration and trade that displays the main features of the recent economic geography literature while allowing for the derivation of analytical results by means of simple algebra. Second, we show how this framework can be used to permit (i) a welfare analysis of the agglomeration process, (ii) a full-fledged forward looking analysis of the role of history and expectations in the emergence of economic clusters, and (iii) a simple analysis of the impact of urban costs on the spatial distribution of economic activities.