Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm for an Automatic NOE Pathways Analysis of 2D NMR Spectra of RNA Duplexes

An algorithm is proposed to provide the tool for an automatic resonance assignment of 2D-NOESY spectra of RNA duplexes. The algorithm, based on a certain subproblem of the Hamiltonian path, reduces a number of possible connections between resonances within aromatic and anomeric region of 2D-NOESY spectra. Appropriate pathways between H6/H8 and H1' resonances were obtained by subsequent implementation of experimental data as limiting factors. Predictive power of the algorithm was tested on both experimental and simulated data for RNA and DNA duplexes.
Wetland dynamics using a suite of satellite observations: A case study of application and evaluation for the Indian Subcontinent

Using a suite of satellite observations, including passive and active microwave along with visible and infrared observations developed to estimate wetlands on a global scale, the present study examine wetlands spatial and temporal dynamics over the Indian subcontinent, a region subject to an annual monsoon. Monthly wetlands extent estimates over a 2‐year (1993–1994) period and their consistency are analyzed using independent data sets, such as rainfall rate in‐situ rain‐gauge observations and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project product, as well as river water levels derived from radar altimeter observations. The extent variations show a good agreement with the rain‐gauge data, a high correlation with the GPCP rain data and a similar seasonal cycle with the altimeter estimates over the 2 years. This case study evaluation shows the potential of the remote sensing to give spatial‐temporal consistent information on the variability of flooded areas and encourages the development of longer satellite wetlands estimates.
Self‐Assembly and Shape Morphology of Liquid Crystalline Gold Metamaterials

Gold nanoparticles offer the possibility of creating metamaterials; however, such nanoparticles are not particularly stable. Conversely, liquid crystals offer the possibility of creating self‐organizing and self‐assembling materials, which can be designed to be relatively stable. Potentially, combining these two concepts could provide materials that can be induced to assemble in a controlled way and that would have unique optical properties. This article describes some of the groundwork made in the preparation of stable liquid‐crystalline metamaterials and the investigation of their structures and physical properties. In particular, spherically substituted materials are found to be deformed into tactoids with anisotropic properties, most notably their dielectric anisotropies.
Using Inhibitors to Investigate the Involvement of Cell Signaling in Predation by Marine Phagotrophic Protists

ABSTRACT. Phagotrophic protists are major consumers of microbial biomass in aquatic ecosystems. However, biochemical mechanisms underlying prey recognition and phagocytosis by protists are not well understood. We investigated the potential roles of cell signaling mechanisms in chemosensory response to prey, and in capture of prey cells, by a marine ciliate (Uronema sp.) and a heterotrophic dinoflagellate (Oxyrrhis marina). Inhibition of protein kinase signal transduction biomolecules caused a decrease in both chemosensory response and predation. Inhibition of G‐protein coupled receptor signaling pathways significantly decreased chemosensory response but had no effect on prey ingestion. Inhibitor compounds did not appear to affect general cell health, but had a targeted effect. These results support the idea that cell signaling pathways known in other eukaryotic organisms are involved in feeding behavior of free‐living protists.
VLC Transmitter with Plastic Optical Fibers for Indoor Free Space Optic Networks

This article deals with the construction de- sign of optical transmitter for indoor Free Space Optic (FSO) networks. This optical transmitter will be able to provide the lighting and communication at the same time. Thanks to special solution in spectral characteris- tic of transmitted light it is necessary to use two LEDs radiation sources. The light beams of these LEDs have to be spatially overlapped in crisscross direction and then the transmitter can realize both functions. There is described a construction of optical transmitter with plastic optical fibers which merges two LED beams to- gether and provide lighting and communication at the same time.
Dropout Training for Support Vector Machines

Dropout and other feature noising schemes have shown promising results in controlling over-fitting by artificially corrupting the training data. Though extensive theoretical and empirical studies have been performed for generalized linear models, little work has been done for support vector machines (SVMs), one of the most successful approaches for supervised learning. This paper presents dropout training for linear SVMs. To deal with the intractable expectation of the non-smooth hinge loss under corrupting distributions, we develop an iteratively re-weighted least square (IRLS) algorithm by exploring data augmentation techniques. Our algorithm iteratively minimizes the expectation of a re-weighted least square problem, where the re-weights have closed-form solutions. The similar ideas are applied to develop a new IRLS algorithm for the expected logistic loss under corrupting distributions. Our algorithms offer insights on the connection and difference between the hinge loss and logistic loss in dropout training. Empirical results on several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of dropout training on significantly boosting the classification accuracy of linear SVMs.
Time-Based Software Transactional Memory

Software transactional memory (STM) is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than other mechanisms such as locking. The first generations of STMs have either relied on visible read designs, which simplify conflict detection while pessimistically ensuring a consistent view of shared data to the application, or optimistic invisible read designs that are significantly more efficient but require incremental validation to preserve consistency, at a cost that increases quadratically with the number of objects read in a transaction. Most of the recent designs now use a “time-based” (or “time stamp-based”) approach to still benefit from the performance advantage of invisible reads without incurring the quadratic overhead of incremental validation. In this paper, we give an overview of the time-based STM approach and discuss its benefits and limitations. We formally introduce the first time-based STM algorithm, the Lazy Snapshot Algorithm (LSA). We study its semantics and the impact of its design parameters, notably multiversioning and dynamic snapshot extension. We compare it against other classical designs and we demonstrate that its performance is highly competitive, both for obstruction-free and lock-based STM designs.
Integration of IEEE C37.118 and publish/subscribe communication

IEEE C37.118 is the current standard for synchrophasor measurements in power systems. It defines the measurement method and communication protocols for the entities in a synchrophasor network. The standard offers two different modes for client-server communication, but cannot be used unchanged over publish/subscribe communication architectures, whose major advantage is simplified and incremental integration of new applications. This work reviews the communication part of IEEE C37.118, and provides an adapter-based solution to easily connect and integrate entities in a synchrophasor network over a publish/subscribe communication architecture. The proposed adapters offer standard-compliant communication between the synchrophasor measurement network entities to facilitate the exchange of measurement data.
Corpus-Based Statistical Sense Resolution

The three corpus-based statistical sense resolution methods studied here attempt to infer the correct sense of a polysemous word by using knowledge about patterns of word cooccurrences. The techniques were based on Bayesian decision theory, neural, networks, and content vectors as used in information retrieval. To understand these methods better, we posed a very specific problem: given a set of contexts, each containing the noun line in a known sense, construct a classifier that selects the correct sense of line for new contexts. To see how the degree of polysemy affects performance, results from three- and six-sense tasks are compared.The results demonstrate that each of the techniques is able to distinguish six senses of line with an accuracy greater than 70%. Furthermore, the response patterns of the classifiers are, for the most part, statistically indistinguishable from one another. Comparison of the two tasks suggests that the degree of difficulty involved in resolving individual senses is a greater performance factor than the degree of polysemy.
Multibaseline POL-InSAR Analysis of Urban Scenes at L-Band

This paper extends two single polarization multibaseline interferometric SAR spectral analysis techniques to the fully polarimetric configuration. These new algorithms enhance the height estimation of scatterers by calculating optimal polarization combinations and allow to determine their physical characteristics. First experimental results show the retrieval of building height and their polarimetric properties by means of single-baseline polarimetric datasets. Dual-baseline observations permit the solution of the layover problem by separating two contributions within one resolution cell. The algorithms are tested using multibaseline Pol-InSAR data acquired by DLR’s E-SAR system.
Vertex operators for AdS3 with Ramond background

The computation of exact vertex operators for the Type IIB superstring in an AdS3×S3 background with Ramond-Ramond flux is described. The components of these vertex operators are shown to satisfy the supergravity linearized equations of motion for the six-dimensional (2,0) theory of a supergravity and tensor multiplet expanded around AdS3×S3 spacetime.
Title Stata.com Remarks and Examples

stpower cox — Sample size, power, and effect size for the Cox proportional hazards model Syntax Menu Description Options Remarks and examples Stored results Methods and formulas References Also see Syntax Sample-size determination stpower cox coef , options Power determination stpower cox coef , n(numlist) options Effect-size determination stpower cox , n(numlist) { power(numlist) | beta(numlist) } options where coef is the regression coefficient (effect size) of a covariate of interest, in a Cox proportional hazards model, desired to be detected by a test with a prespecified power. coef may be specified either as one number or as a list of values (see [U] 11.1.8 numlist) enclosed in parentheses. options Description Main * alpha(numlist) significance level; default is alpha(0.05) * power(numlist) power; default is power(0.8) * beta(numlist) probability of type II error; default is beta(0.2) * n(numlist) sample size; required to compute power or effect size * hratio(numlist) hazard ratio (effect size) associated with a one-unit increase in covariate of interest; default is hratio(0.5) onesided one-sided test; default is two sided sd(#) standard deviation of covariate of interest; default is sd(0.5) r2(#) squared coefficient of multiple correlation with other covariates; default is r2(0) failprob(#) overall probability of an event (failure) of interest; default is failprob(1), meaning no censoring wdprob(#) the proportion of subjects anticipated to withdraw from the study; default is wdprob(0) parallel treat number lists in starred options as parallel (do not enumerate all possible combinations of values) when multiple values per option are specified 1 2 stpower cox — Sample size, power, and effect size for the Cox proportional hazards model Reporting hr report hazard ratio, not coefficient table display results in a table with default columns columns(colnames) display results in a table with specified colnames columns notitle suppress table title nolegend suppress table legend colwidth(# #. . .) column widths; default is colwidth(9) separator(#) draw a horizontal separator line every # lines; default is separator(0) meaning no separator lines saving(filename , replace) save the table data to filename; use replace to overwrite existing filename noheader suppress table header; seldom used continue draw a continuation border in the table output; seldom used * Starred options may be specified either as one number or as a list of values (see [U] 11.1.8 numlist). noheader and continue are not shown in the dialog box. colnames Description alpha significance level power power beta type II error probability n total number of …
Alcohol and drugs

In 2018, the WHO released the SAFER initiative, designed to reinforce alcohol availability restrictions, advance and expand measures to regulate driving while under the influence, facilitate prevention through the timely detection of alcohol abuse, have health professionals available to support brief interventions that have proven beneficial for prevention, offer affordable, appropriate treatment, enforce comprehensive bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship and promotion and lastly increase alcohol prices through excise duties and pricing policies. If governments and civil society implement this global, intersectoral, integral initiative, they will reduce alcohol-abuse related problems. Achievements in each area will benefit the entire community.
A solution to line routing problems on the continuous plane

This paper discusses a new linerouting algorithm. The algorithm has been programmed in FORTRAN II for the IBM 7094 and in FORTRAN IV for the IBM 360/~5. It has given good results when applied to many llne-routing problems such as mazes, printed circuit boards, substrates, and PERT diagrams. The main advantages of this algorithm, which is based on the continuous plane, over conventional algorithms based on the discrete plane are twofold: 1. Since the algorithm is based on the continuous plane, there is theoretically no limit to the degree of precision used to describe the position of points. In practice, the only factor restricting the precision is the magnitude of the largest (or smallest) number which may be stored in a computer. As a result, the nodes on a printed circuit board, for example, can be input with mil accuracy. If this feat were to be accomplished by existing methods on a 9×9 inch board, a matrix of 81,000,000 cells would have to be stored (and searched) in the computer. 2. The algorithm stores only line segments~ therefore to find a path, only the segments that are currently defined need be investigated. Usually with conventional methods, every cell that lies on every possible minimal path must be investigated. The net result is that this algorithm is much faster than the conventional method.
Polymer in Sustainable Energy

A transparent polymer based solar cell was designed and fabricated to utilize the solar energy when exposed to sunlight. The transparent solar cell for window module was composed of a polymeric material PPV (Polyphenylene vinylene), ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and electrode (Al, Mg, Ca). The polymeric sheet of this cell is by casting process, and electrode is applied on it by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process. The solar energy collected by this window can be used to power up small household electrical appliances. Recently, polymeric solar cell is made by a roll-to-roll process without using indium-tin oxide (ITO). A commercially available kapton (Polyimide) foil with an over layer of copper was used as the substrate. Sputtering of titanium metal on to the kapton/copper in a vacuum metalizing process gave the monolithic substrate and back electrode for the devices. The active layer was slot-die coated on to the kapton/Cu/Ti foil followed by slot-die coating of a layer of PET, PC or PEN.
Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on PERCLOS and Grayscale Image Processing

This study develops a real-time drowsiness detection system based on grayscale image processing and PERCLOS to determine if the driver is fatigued. The proposed system comprises three parts: first, it calculates the approximate position of the driver's face in grayscale images, and then uses a small template to analyze the eye positions, second, it uses the data from the previous step and PERCLOS to establish a fatigue model, and finally, based on the driver's personal fatigue model, the system continuously monitors the driver's state. Once the driver exhibits fatigue, the system alerts the driver to stop driving and take a rest.
Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Various authors have developed criteria to classify MR imaging findings that suggest the possibility of multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the capacity of three sets of MR imaging criteria for predicting the conversion of isolated demyelinating syndromes to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. METHODS Seventy patients with clinically isolated neurologic symptoms suggestive of multiple sclerosis were prospectively studied with MR imaging. The MR imaging findings were evaluated by two independent neuroradiologists who were blinded to clinical follow-up data. Based on the clinical outcome at follow-up (presence of a second attack that established clinically definite multiple sclerosis), the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the criteria proposed by Paty et al, Fazekas et al, and Barkhof et al were calculated. RESULTS Clinically definite multiple sclerosis developed in 22 (31%) patients after a mean follow-up time of 28.3 months. The criteria proposed by Paty et al and those proposed by Fazekas et al showed identical results: sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 54%; accuracy, 64%; positive predictive value, 46%; and negative predictive value, 89%. The criteria proposed by Barkhof et al showed the following: sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 73%; accuracy, 73%; positive predictive value, 55%; and negative predictive value, 85%. CONCLUSION The four dichotomized MR imaging parameters proposed by Barkhof et al are more specific and accurate than the criteria proposed by Paty et al or Fazekas et al for predicting conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
Cryopreservation of Alginate-Encapsulated Recombinant Cells for Antiangiogenic Therapy

The potential benefit of continuous local administration of antiangiogenic proteins to CNS tumors in vivo has recently been demonstrated using endostatin-producing recombinant cells encapsulated in alginate beads. Due to the treatment potential of transplanted alginate-encapsulated cells producing therapeutic proteins, we describe a successful method of cryopreservation (CP) of such beads, in which cellular viability, alginate structure, and protein secretion were maintained. Alginate beads containing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 cells) stably transfected with the gene encoding for endostatin were cryopreserved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using a slow freezing procedure. Briefly, the DMSO concentration was gradually increased prior to the freezing procedure. The cryotubes were further supercooled to −7.5°C and nucleated. Thereafter, the samples were cooled at a rate of 0.25°C/min and stored in liquid nitrogen. The viability of the encapsulated cells was assessed using confocal microscopy quantification (CLSM) technique and a MTS assay. The cell cycle distribution inside the beads was assessed by DNA flow cytometry and endostatin production was determined by an endostatin-specific ELISA assay, both prior to and after CP. CLSM measurements showed sustained esterase activity in the beads after thawing, with only a slight transient decrease 24 h after CP. The MTS assay verified these findings by displaying similar variations of intracellular dehydrogenase activity. Flow cytometric analyses revealed no cryorelated disturbances in cellular ploidy. Furthermore, ELISA measurements showed a well-preserved endostatin production after CP. In conclusion, this work describes the successful CP of alginate-encapsulated recombinant cells secreting a therapeutic protein. Together with previous published reports, these results further substantiate the feasibility and potential of cell encapsulation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.
A Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm for Solving Function Optimization

One of the key points resulting in the success of differential evolution (DE) is its mechanism of different mutation strategies for generating mutant vectors. In this paper, we also present a novel mutation strategy inspired by the velocity updating scheme of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed approach is called HDE, which conducts the mutation strategy on the global best vector for each generation. Experimental studies on 8 well-known benchmark functions show that HDE outperforms other three compared DE algorithms in most test cases.
Red Eye Removal using Digital Color Image Processing

The current paper provides methods to correct the artifact known as “red eye” by means of digital color image processing. This artifact is typically formed in amateur photographs taken with a built-in camera flash. To correct red eye artifacts, an image mask is computed by calculating a colorimetric distance between a prototypical reference “red eye” color and each pixel of the image containing the red eye. Various image processing algorithms such as thresholding, blob analysis, and morphological filtering, are applied to the mask, in order to eliminate noise, reduce errors, and facilitate a more natural looking result. The mask serves to identify pixels in the color image needing correction, and further serves to identify the amount of correction needed. Pixels identified as having red-eye artifacts are modified to a substantially monochrome color, while the bright specular reflection of the eye is preserved.
Cowpox Virus in Llama, Italy

Cowpox virus (CPXV) was isolated from skin lesions of a llama on a farm in Italy. Transmission electron microscopy showed brick-shaped particles consistent with orthopoxviruses. CPXV-antibodies were detected in llama and human serum samples; a CPXV isolate had a hemagglutinin sequence identical to CPXV-MonKre08/1–2-3 strains isolated from banded mongooses in Germany.
Extending Phrase-Based Translation with Dependencies by Using Graphs

In this paper, we propose a graph-based translation model which takes advantage of discontinuous phrases. The model segments a graph which combines bigram and dependency relations into subgraphs and produces translations by combining translations of these subgraphs. Experiments on Chinese‐English and German‐English tasks show that our system is significantly better than the phrase-based model. By explicitly modeling the graph segmentation, our system gains further improvement.