Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The new metric to define large-volume hemorrhage: Results of a prospective study of the critical administration threshold

BACKGROUND Definitions of massive transfusion (MT), 10 or more units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in 24 hours, focus on static volumes over fixed times. This arbitrary volume definition promotes survivor bias and fails to identify the “massively” transfused patient. In previous work, the critical administration threshold (CAT) was created to incorporate both rate and volume of transfusion. CAT proved a superior predictor of mortality compared with traditional MT. The purpose of this study was to prospectively validate CAT in a larger trauma population. METHODS Patients receiving at least 1 U of PRBCs within the first day of admission were identified prospectively. Administration time of each unit of PRBCs was recorded in minutes. CAT status, defined as receipt of at least 3 U of blood in a 60-minute period, was identified for the first 24 hours. CAT+ patients were quantified by the number of times CAT+ was reached, that is, once (CAT1), twice (CAT2), three times (CAT3), or 4 or more times (CAT4). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model with a time-varying covariate was used to quantify a patient’s risk of death with increasing CAT status. RESULTS A total of 316 met inclusion criteria, 161 of whom were CAT+. Seventy-six percent were male, mean age was 38 years, and median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 15. CAT+ was associated with a twofold increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.809; 95% confidence interval, 1.020–3.209). Ninety-one patients were CAT+ and received less than 10 U of blood, thereby MT− (CAT+/MT−). CAT+/MT− had significant injury patterns, with a median ISS of 14, 43% penetrating injury, and 10% mortality. CONCLUSION CAT allows early identification of injured patients at greatest risk of death. Encompassing both rate and volume of transfusion, CAT is a tool more sensitive than common MT definitions. Studies examining large-volume blood transfusions should use CAT to identify patients, to accurately identify cohorts of interest. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic tests, level II.
Fibronectin at a glance

Fibronectin (FN) mediates a wide variety of cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays important roles in cell adhesion, migration, growth and differentiation ( [Mosher, 1989][1]; [Carsons, 1989][2]; [Hynes, 1990][3]; [Yamada and Clark, 1996][4]). FN is widely expressed by
Peer Relationship Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy, and Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideation in Selangor, Malaysia

The occurrence of suicide has become a serious phenomenon throughout the world. This study investigated the relationships between peer relationship satisfaction, self-efficacy and adolescents’ suicidal ideation in Malaysia. The mediation effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between peer relationship satisfaction and adolescents’ suicidal ideation was also examined. A total of 684 school-going adolescents participated in the current study. Pearson correlation and a series of multiple regression analysis were carried out to examine the mediation effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between peer relationship satisfaction and adolescents’ suicidal ideation. The study revealed that peer relationship satisfaction and self-efficacy were negatively correlated with suicidal ideation. This means that adolescents who are more satisfied with their peer relationship and have higher self-efficacy tend to have lower suicidal ideation. Self-efficacy also partially mediates the relationship between peer relationship satisfaction and suicidal ideation. These findings implied that adolescents’ satisfaction with peer relationship is a predictor that impact suicidal ideation, while self-efficacy plays an significant role in the relationship between peer relationship satisfaction and suicidal ideation. Intervention in planning suicide prevention programs should emphasize on both improving peer relationships and increasing self-efficacy among adolescents.
Architecture and Pore Block of Eukaryotic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in View of NavAb Bacterial Sodium Channel Structure

The X-ray structure of the bacterial sodium channel NavAb provides a new template for the study of sodium and calcium channels. Unlike potassium channels, NavAb contains P2 helices in the outer-pore region. Because the sequence similarity between eukaryotic and prokaryotic sodium channels in this region is poor, the structural similarity is unclear. We analyzed it by using experimental data on tetrodotoxin block of sodium channels. Key tetrodotoxin-binding residues are outer carboxylates in repeats I, II, and IV, three positions downstream from the selectivity-filter residues. In a NavAb-based model of Nav1 channels derived from the sequence alignment without insertions/deletions, the outer carboxylates did not face the pore and therefore did not interact with tetrodotoxin. The hypothesis that the evolutionary appearance of Nav1 channels involved point deletions in an ancestral channel between the selectivity filter and the outer carboxylates allowed building of a NavAb-based model with tetrodotoxin-channel contacts similar to those proposed previously. This hypothesis also allowed us to reproduce in Nav1 the folding-stabilizing contacts between long-side chain residues in P1 and P2, which are seen in NavAb. The NavAb-based inner-pore model of Nav1 preserved major features of our previous KcsA-based models, including the access pathway for ligands through the repeat III/IV interface and their interactions with specific residues. Thus, structural properties of eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels that are suggested by functional data were reproduced in the NavAb-based models built by using the unaltered template structure but with adjusted sequence alignment. Sequences of eukaryotic calcium channels aligned with NavAb without insertions/deletions, which suggests that NavAb is a promising basis for the modeling of calcium channels.
Intonation Systems: A Survey of Twenty Languages

Preface Alan Cruttenden 1. A survey of intonation systems Daniel Hirst and Albert Di Cristo 2. Intonation in American English Dwight Bolinger 3. Intonation in British English Daniel Hirst 4. Intonation in German Dafydd Gibbon 5. Intonation in Dutch Johan 't Hart 6. Intonation in Swedish Eva Garding 7. Intonation in Danish Nina Gronnum 8. Intonation in Spanish Santiago Alcoba and Julio Murillo 9. Intonation in European Portuguese Madalena Cruz-Ferreira 10. Intonation in Brazilian Portuguese Joao Antonio de Moraes 11. Intonation in French Albert Di Cristo 12. Intonation in Italian Mario Rossi 13. Intonation in Romanian Laurentia Dascalu-Jinga 14. Intonation in Russian Natalia Svetozarova 15. Intonation in Bulgarian Anastasia Misheva and Michel Nikov 16. Intonation in Greek Antonis Botinis 17. Intonation in Finnish Annti Iivonen 18. Intonation in Hungarian Ivan Fonagy 19. Intonation in Moroccan Arabic Thami Benkirane 20. Intonation in Japanese Isamu Abe 21. Intonation in Thai Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin 22. Intonation in Vietnamese Do The Dung, Tran Thien Huong and Georges Boulakia 23. Intonation in Beijing Chinese Paul Kratochvil References Indexes.
EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATING SUCCESS WITH FRIENDS ON SELF-ESTEEM IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES

This paper reports on a study relevant to the psychology literature on pan-cultural self-enhancement; namely, what are some strategies by which people from non-western cultures raise their self-worth? I conducted an experiment to test hypotheses regarding culturally acceptable means of communicating positive feedback and its effect on changes in self-esteem. Japanese were expected to report elevated feelings of self-worth after receiving positive feedback from a friend, whereas Americans were expected to report higher feelings of self-worth after announcing their own positive feedback (given by an experimenter in front of a friend). One hundred and fifty-seven pairs of friends participated in an experiment in which one friend in each pair was the target of positive feedback from a simulated creativity test (delivered by self or friend). Analyses revealed that culture and source of feedback affected the global self-esteem of the test takers and appearance self-esteem of both the test taker and the friend. Relative to each culture, US Americans’ self-esteem increased after self-delivered feedback, whereas the self-esteem of Japanese increased after feedback announced by a friend. The results highlight appropriate feedback situations leading to positive self-evaluation for Japanese and Americans. Implications for intercultural education are discussed.
Switching time prediction for digital hysteresis control for high frequency current in grid impedance measurement application

The measurement of the grid impedance is important for filter and control design, for active filter functionality of grid connected inverters and also for distribution network operators. It supports knowledge of the grid and design of decentralized energy generator power flow. Not only the impedance at fundamental frequency but also the impedance at harmonic and interharmonic frequencies is of common interest. With an inverter injecting a current at an individual frequency onto the power system, the real frequency dependent value of the grid impedance can be determined. A digital hysteresis current control is a promising method to control a voltage source inverter (VSI) for high frequency current generation in grid impedance measurement application. Digital signal processing is state of the art, but the speed of the analog to digital conversion is limited. When using hysteresis current control the outcome of this is that the current leaves the defined hysteresis band because of the time discrete sampling. In this paper a method using switching time prediction to minimize this current overshoot is proposed and analyzed. Simulation and measurement results are presented that show the suitability of this method.
Monolingual Social Media Datasets for Detecting Contradiction and Entailment

Entailment recognition approaches are useful for application domains such as information extraction, question answering or summarisation, for which evidence from multiple sentences needs to be combined. We report on a new 3-way judgement Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) resource that originates in the Social Media domain, and explain our semi-automatic creation method for the special purpose of information verification, which draws on manually established rumourous claims reported during crisis events. From about 500 English tweets related to 70 unique claims we compile and evaluate 5.4k RTE pairs, while continue automatizing the workflow to generate similar-sized datasets in other languages.
The Relationship of Ethnicity-Related Stressors and Latino Ethnic Identity to Well-Being

Based on the risk and resilience model, the current study examined the effect of ethnicity-related stressors (perceived discrimination, stereotype confirmation concern, and own-group conformity pressure) and ethnic identity (centrality, private regard, public regard, and other-group orientation) on the well-being of 171 Latino American college students. The study also examined the moderating role of ethnic identity on the relationship between ethnicity-related stressors and well-being. Findings showed that stereotype confirmation concern significantly predicted less well-being, whereas a positive ethnic identity predicted greater well-being. Ethnic identity also moderated the effect of ethnicity-related stressors on well-being. Different patterns emerged for the moderating effect of different ethnic identity dimensions and different ethnicity-related stressors. Findings are discussed in terms of the acculturative and ethnic diversity context of the college students.
The validity of the PRECA as an index of interethnic communication apprehension

The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive validity of the Personal Report of interethnic Communication Apprehension (Neuliep & McCroskey, 1997). The PRECA was found to be negatively associated with participants’ communication satisfaction and positively associated with their anxiety following interactions with individuals from other ethnic groups. The PRECA was also found to be a better predictor of these outcomes than the more general measure of communication apprehension, the PRCA‐24 (McCroskey, 1982). However, High ECAs who interacted with a different ethnicity partner did not differ in their communication satisfaction or anxiety from those who interacted with someone of the same ethnicity. Our findings, therefore, provide only mixed support for the utility of the PRECA.
Bayesian optimal compressed sensing without priors: Parametric sure approximate message passing

It has been shown that the Bayesian optimal approximate message passing (AMP) technique achieves the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) optimal compressed sensing (CS) recovery. However, the prerequisite of the signal prior makes it often impractical. To address this dilemma, we propose the parametric SURE-AMP algorithm. The key feature is it uses the Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) based parametric family of MMSE estimator for the CS denoising. Given that the optimization of the estimator and the calculation of its mean squared error purely depend on the noisy data, there is no need of the signal prior. The weighted sum of piecewise kernel functions is used to form the parametric estimator. Numerical experiments on both Bernoulli-Gaussian and k-dense signal justify our proposal.
Exploring Disciplinary Background Effect on Social Studies Teachers’ Knowledge and Pedagogy

ABSTRACT Case studies have pointed out that teachers’ disciplinary knowledge affects their pedagogy; however, the results are not consistent. There is a need for quantitative research to examine the relationship between teacher knowledge and practice, particularly in social studies where content-specific studies are mostly qualitative. The authors used history as an example and surveyed all public and private junior high school social studies teachers in Taiwan to examine if disciplinary backgrounds significantly affect teachers’ knowledge, conceptions about the discipline, and their teaching practices. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses show that disciplinary backgrounds significantly affect teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogy. Evaluations of effect sizes suggest that academic backgrounds can serve as useful proxies for teacher recruitment. The results also indicate that nature-revealing courses affect teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogy.
Formal and nonformal instruction delivered to farmers by adult instructors, secondary agriculture teachers, and extension agents

Numerous public and private organizations and agencies conduct adult agricultural education programs. Many of the public sector programs can be traced to the Smith-Lever and Smith-Hughes Acts enacted in 1914 and 1917, respectively, that created the Cooperative Extension System and provided federal funds for vocational-technical education in agriculture. Adult agricultural education programs that emanated from these two pieces of legislation experienced steady growth through the 1970s (Phipps & Osborne, 1989, p. 475). During the 1980s, however, competition between secondary and adult programs for funds and other resources resulted in fewer adult education programs being offered by secondary vocational agriculture teachers. In addition, the number of vocational agriculture teachers available to conduct adult education programs declined from 12,510 in 1980to 11,042 in 1986 (Craig, 1988, p. 11). Since the 1960s, several states have also reduced vocational agriculture teacher contracts from 12 months to 9-10 months, thereby reducing the level of adult instruction provided by secondary programs.
Symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission are associated with visceral hypersensitivity and mast cell activity

Abstract Objective. Patients with ulcerative colitis in remission (UCR) frequently report irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms. Recent studies have pointed to the role of mast cells in mediating visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. We hypothesized that visceral hypersensitivity is frequently present in patients with UCR and is related to the quantity and activity of mast cells in the sigmoid mucosa. Material and methods. A group of 17 controls and 19 patients with UCR were studied. Rectal compliance and perception were measured by electronic barostat. Sigmoid biopsies were taken to quantify the amount of mast cells, degranulating mast cells and mast cells in close proximity to mucosal nerve endings. Results. Visceroperception significantly increased in UCR (p < 0.05) versus controls. Rectal perception correlated positively with IBS-like symptoms in UCR (r = 0.969; p < 0.05). The amount of mucosal mast cells (per 100 crypts) was significantly increased in UCR versus controls: 228 ± 20 versus 163 ± 18 (p < 0.05). In the UCR patients a higher percentage of mucosal mast cells was in close proximity to nerve endings (58 ± 4 vs. 38 ± 3% in controls; p < 0.05) or was degranulating (40 ± 7 vs. 16 ± 4% in controls; p < 0.05). There was a significant but weak correlation between quantity of mucosal mast cells and pain perception (r = 0.32; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Rectal hypersensitivity is associated with mucosal presence and activation of mast cells and with IBS-like symptoms in patients with UCR.
Hybrid Neural-global Minimization Method of Logical Rule Extraction

Methodology of extraction of optimal sets of logical rules using neural networks and global minimization procedures has been developed. Initial rules are extracted using density estimation neural networks with rectangular functions or multi-layered perceptron (MLP) networks trained with constrained backpropagation algorithm, transforming MLPs into simpler networks performing logical functions. A constructive algorithm called C-MLP2LN is proposed, in which rules of increasing specificity are generated consecutively by adding more nodes to the network. Neural rule extraction is followed by optimization of rules using global minimization techniques. Estimation of confidence of various sets of rules is discussed. The hybrid approach to rule extraction has been applied to a number of benchmark and real life problems with very good results.
Segmentation of skin cancer images

The aim of this study is to provide an efficient way to segment the skin cancer images. A novel method isproposed that combines colour and texture for the segmentation of skin lesions from unaffected skin region in an image. The distributions of colour and texture features provide a good discrimination of skin lesions. The evaluation of the proposed method was based on the comparison with the Live Wire segmentation results. The segmentation results are evaluated quantitatively by means of a comparative experiment on a set of skin cancer images. The results indicate that the developed methodology proved effective and efficient for the skin cancer image segmentation
Short circuit power estimation of static CMOS circuits

This paper presents a simple method to estimate short-circuit power dissipation for static CMOS logic circuits. Short-circuit current expression is derived by accurately interpolating peak points of actual current curves which is influenced by the gate-to-drain coupling capacitance. It is shown through simulations that the proposed technique yields better accuracy than previous methods when signal transition time and/or load capacitance decreases, which is a characteristic of the present technological evolution.
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus clinical strains from Maryland (2012–2013) and comparisons to a locally and globally diverse V. parahaemolyticus strains by whole-genome sequence analysis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the US associated with the consumption of raw shellfish. Previous population studies of V. parahaemolyticus have used Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) or Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides a much higher level of resolution, but has been used to characterize only a few United States (US) clinical isolates. Here we report the WGS characterization of 34 genomes of V. parahaemolyticus strains that were isolated from clinical cases in the state of Maryland (MD) during 2 years (2012–2013). These 2 years saw an increase of V. parahaemolyticus cases compared to previous years. Among these MD isolates, 28% were negative for tdh and trh, 8% were tdh positive only, 11% were trh positive only, and 53% contained both genes. We compared this set of V. parahaemolyticus genomes to those of a collection of 17 archival strains from the US (10 previously sequenced strains and 7 from NCBI, collected between 1988 and 2004) and 15 international strains, isolated from geographically-diverse environmental and clinical sources (collected between 1980 and 2010). A WGS phylogenetic analysis of these strains revealed the regional outbreak strains from MD are highly diverse and yet genetically distinct from the international strains. Some MD strains caused outbreaks 2 years in a row, indicating a local source of contamination (e.g., ST631). Advances in WGS will enable this type of analysis to become routine, providing an excellent tool for improved surveillance. Databases built with phylogenetic data will help pinpoint sources of contamination in future outbreaks and contribute to faster outbreak control.
Expressiveness and Voting Decision: New Evidence from the Korean Parliamentary Election*

Abstract According to the expressive view of voting, a voter derives expressive utility from casting a vote. We present two possible sources of expressive utility: social interaction with voters having the same political preferences, and interestingness of the election. First, it has been suggested that a voter's expressive utility may increase when there are more voters having the same political preference. We extend this line of study and test the hypothesis that a voter's expressive utility increases as the number of voters having the same political preferences increases in the local community, where interaction occurs more frequently with others than it does with others in distant communities. Second, we propose and test the other hypothesis, that voters’ expressive utility is larger when the election is more interesting. Using 2008 parliamentary election data from Korea, where the election consists of both 245 single-member districts and only one nationwide district for proportional representatives, we find supporting evidence for these two arguments: the turnout rate is significantly and positively related to the share of proportional representation votes for the largest party in each single-member district; the turnout rate is also significantly and positively related to the number of polls for single-member district election conducted by major broadcasting companies, which we use as a proxy variable for interestingness of the election.