Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rate of Change of Angular Bearing as the Relevant Property in a Horizontal Interception Task During Locomotion

Abstract The authors ran 3 experiments to investigate how catchers deal with the horizontal component of the ball's trajectory in an interception task during locomotion. The experiments were built upon the finding that velocity adaptations are based upon changes in the horizontal angular position or velocity of the ball with respect to the observer (M. Lenoir, M. Janssens, E. Musch, E. Thiery, & J. Uyttenhove, 1999); a potential underlying information source for that strategy is described. In Experiment 1, actor (N = 10 participants) and ball approached each other along the legs of a V-shaped track. When the velocity and the initial angular bearing of the ball were varied, the observed behavior fitted with nulling the horizontal angular velocity of the ball: A positive or negative angular velocity was compensated by a velocity change. Evidence was obtained that those adaptations are modulated by a critical change in, rather than by a critical state of, the environment-actor system. In Experiment 2, the distance between the head and an artificial end-effector was varied. Irrespective of that distance, participants (N = 7) accelerated and decelerated in order to keep the angular velocity of the ball with respect to the end-effector close to constant. The ecological relevance of that constant bearing angle strategy was confirmed in Experiment 3: Participants (N = 7) in that experiment freely ran to catch fly balls. The present results support the concept that one can explain with a limited number of control variables an actor's behavior in an interception task during self-motion.
Genetic Algorithm for Solving Berth and Quay Cranes Assignment problems

Upravljanje kontejnerskim terminalima je složen proces koji ukljucuje veliki broj odluka. Sidriste plovila u luci je najvažniji resurs koji utjece na kapacitet terminala. Problem je odrediti najprikladnije mjesto sidrenja plovila koji dolaze u luku obzirom na raspored dizalica. Da bi se ovaj problem rijesio, mora se istovremeno voditi racuna i o udaljenosti sidrista i o broju dostupnih dizalica. U radu se analizira optimalizacijska metoda – genetski algoritam (GA) za određivanje najboljeg rasporeda te sidrista plovila koji dolaze u luku i dizalica. GA je koristan za nalaženje rjesenja bliskih optimalnom, jer je prostor rjesenja problema najcesce prevelik da bi racunalo moglo pretražiti sva rjesenja u nekom razumnom vremenu. GA zahtjeva znacajno vrijeme izvođenja, ali sigurnost dobivenih rezultata se povecava postupkom ponavljanja procesa rjesavanja. Svrha optimiranja je da se skrati vrijeme cekanja plovila u lukama, vrijeme koje je potrebno za utovar/istovar tereta na/u plovila, kako bi se upravljanje kontejnerskim terminalima bilo jeftinije.
Flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity: comparison between commercial green tea preparations

The potential health benefits attributed to green tea and its catechins such as antioxidant effects, cancer chemoprevention, and weight loss have led to a huge increase of green tea products in the food market. The objectives of this work were to analyze and compare these products in terms of phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant capacity including tea bags, dehydrated leaves, and ready-to-drink preparations after standardization of the infusion preparation procedure. Total phenolics content in 1 cup of the different teas varied from 90 to 341 mg of catechin equivalents, and the highest and the lowest values were both those of the ready-to-drink products. Infusions prepared from tea bags had contents varying from 96 to 201 mg.200 mL-1, and there were no significant differences among batches. The DPPH radical scavenging and the Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacities (ORAC) varied largely among the different tea preparations, from 23 to 131 mmoles of Trolox Equivalents (TE). 200 mL-1 (DPPH), and from 1.2 to 5.1 mmoles of TE.200 mL-1 (ORAC), but again there were no differences among infusions or ready-to-drink commercial preparations. However, the antioxidant capacity of ready-to-drink products was partially due to the presence of other non-phenolic compounds such as ascorbic acid
Functional network mediates age-related differences in reaction time: a replication and extension study

A functional activation (i.e., ordinal trend) pattern was previously identified in both young and older adults during task‐switching performance, the expression of which correlated with reaction time. The current study aimed to (1) replicate this functional activation pattern in a new group of fMRI activation data, and (2) extend the previous study by specifically examining whether the effect of aging on reaction time can be explained by differences in the activation of the functional activation pattern.
Backup reprovisioning to remedy the effect of multiple link failures in WDM mesh networks

As networks grow in size and complexity, both the probability and the impact of failures increase. The pre-allocated backup bandwidth, which has been widely investigated in the literature, may not be able to provide full protection guarantee when multiple failures occur in a network. In this study, we consider multiple concurrent failures where concurrent means that a new failure occurs before a previous failure is repaired. To combat the effect of multiple concurrent failures, new backups can be reprovisioned after one failure such that the next potential failure can be handled effectively and efficiently. We consider dynamic traffic where a pair of link-disjoint primary and backup paths is provisioned when a new connection request arrives. After a failure occurs, the affected connections switch traffic from their primary paths to backup paths. To protect against next potential failure, we reprovision new backups for connections that become unprotected or vulnerable because of losing their primary or their backup due to the previous failure or due to backup resource sharing. This approach is called Minimal Backup Reprovisioning (MBR). An alternative approach is to globally rearrange backups for all connections after one failure occurs, which is called Global Backup Reprovisioning (GBR). Backup reprovisioning can be performed whenever the network's state changes, e.g., (1) when a new request arrives, (2) when an existing connection terminates, (3) when a network failure occurs, (4) when a failed link/node is repaired, etc., to utilize the available resources more efficiently or to recover quickly from the next failure. In this study, we perform MBR or GBR after one network failure occurs to protect against the next potential failure in a wavelength-convertible WDM mesh network. The link-vector network model which can maximally explore the backup-sharing potential is assumed in this study. We then analyze the complexity of MBR and GBR under such a network model. A reprovisioning algorithm is proposed for MBR which can significantly reduce the connection vulnerability without the knowledge of the location of the next failure. In GBR, both integer linear program (ILP) and heuristic-based approaches are proposed. We compare capacity requirement and computational complexity of MBR to that of GBR through numerical examples. MBR demonstrates a good tradeoff between complexity and capacity efficiency to handle multiple concurrent failures
The new knowledge workers

This critical ethnographic study of knowledge workers and knowledge-intensive organization workplaces focuses on the issues of timing and schedules, the perception of formality and trust and distrust in software development as well as motivation and occupational identity among software engineers. The book is a cross-cultural, comparative study of American and European high-tech workplaces. Its conclusions shed new light on the problems typical for software projects.
L2 LEARNERS’ MODIFICATION OF TARGET LANGUAGE SYLLABLE STRUCTURE: PROSODIC LICENSING EFFECTS IN INTERLANGUAGE PHONOLOGY

0 Introduction Much linguistic research has focused on interlanguage (IL) deletion and epenthesis, most often within a typological framework (e.g. Eckman 1977, 1986, 1991, Eckman & Iverson 1993, Carlisle 1998). While typological analyses are generally descriptively and predictively adequate, they arguably have three important weaknesses. First, typological accounts have little to say about the nature of L2 learners’ grammatical knowledge (Archibald 1988a). If interlanguages are natural linguistic systems (e.g. Corder 1967, Selinker 1972, Adjemian 1976), and linguistic research seeks to model the grammatical systems which underlie natural languages, the failure of typological accounts to characterize L2 learners’ grammatical knowledge must be seen as problematic. Second, typological analyses have tended to adopt a linear conception of syllable structure. In light of research in non-linear phonology which has highlighted differences between linear strings and hierarchical phonological representation, including potentially different representations of word-final consonants (e.g. Piggott 1999, Goad & Brannen 2000), it would seem desirable to examine IL epenthesis and deletion phenomenon within a more fully articulated theory of syllable structure. Finally, while generally descriptively and predictively adequate, typological accounts lack explanatory power (e.g. Cairns & Feinstein 1982, Archibald 1998b, Steele 2000); indeed, they offer no principled explanation or motivation for IL deletion and epenthesis phenomena. In this paper, I advance a representationally-based account of L2 learners’ modification of target language syllable structure. The data presented come from a pilot study designed to test Mandarin learners’ syllabification of French word-final liquid-obstruent and obstruent-liquid clusters. I hypothesize that IL deletion and epenthesis are related to structural differences in representation between the IL (i.e. transferred L1) and target grammars (e.g. Broselow & Park 1995, Archibald & Vanderweide 1996). More specifically, L2 learners modify target language syllabifications when the target representation requires prosodic licensing (e.g. Itô 1986, Goldsmith 1990) options not present in the IL grammar. Whether a learner deletes or epenthesizes depends on several factors, including the importance of segmental preservation between underlying and surface representations, and constraints on word shape.
Carbon Catabolite Repression and the Related Genes of ccpA, ptsH and hprK in Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense

The strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, is capable of producing ethanol, hydrogen and lactic acid by directly fermenting glucan, xylan and various lignocellulosically derived sugars. By using non-metabolizable and metabolizable sugars as substrates, we found that cellobiose, galactose, arabinose and starch utilization was strongly inhibited by the existence of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). However, the xylose and mannose consumptions were not markedly affected by 2-DG at the concentration of one-tenth of the metabolizable sugar. Accordingly, T. aotearoense SCUT27 could consume xylose and mannose in the presence of glucose. The carbon catabolite repression (CCR) related genes, ccpA, ptsH and hprK were confirmed to exist in T. aotearoense SCUT27 through gene cloning and protein characterization. The highly purified Histidine-containing Protein (HPr) could be specifically phosphorylated at Serine 46 by HPr kinase/phosphatase (HPrK/P) with no need to add fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) or glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) in the reaction mixture. The specific protein-interaction of catabolite control protein A (CcpA) and phosphorylated HPr was proved via affinity chromatography in the absence of formaldehyde. The equilibrium binding constant (K D) of CcpA and HPrSerP was determined as 2.22 ± 0.36 nM by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, indicating the high affinity between these two proteins.
Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews and articles. Methods Two reviewers independently searched the databases and selected the studies, using standardised criteria. Randomised clinical trials and prospective cohort studies were included. Of the 4192 abstracts initially identified, 12 studies (nine prospective cohort studies and three randomised clinical trials) met the selection criteria and were included. Data extraction and study quality evaluation were independently reviewed, using standardised criteria. Results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analytic methods. Results The nine prospective cohort studies included 149 203 people, with 1878 incident cases of early AMD. The antioxidants investigated differed across studies, and not all studies contributed to the meta-analysis of each antioxidant. Pooled results from prospective cohort studies indicated that vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, α carotene, β carotene, β cryptoxanthin, and lycopene have little or no effect in the primary prevention of early AMD. The three randomised clinical trials did not show that antioxidant supplements prevented early AMD. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to support the role of dietary antioxidants, including the use of dietary antioxidant supplements, for the primary prevention of early AMD.
AdS4/CFT3 duals from M2-branes at hypersurface singularities and their deformations

We construct three-dimensional N=2 Chern-Simons-quiver theories which are holographically dual to the M-theory Freund-Rubin solutions AdS_4 x V_{5,2}/Z_k (with or without torsion G-flux), where V_{5,2} is a homogeneous Sasaki-Einstein seven-manifold. The global symmetry group of these theories is generically SU(2) x U(1) x U(1)_R, and they are hence non-toric. The field theories may be thought of as the n=2 member of a family of models, labelled by a positive integer n, arising on multiple M2-branes at certain hypersurface singularities. We describe how these models can be engineered via generalized Hanany-Witten brane constructions. The AdS_4 x V_{5,2}/Z_k solutions may be deformed to a warped geometry R^{1,2} x T^* S^4/Z_k, with self-dual G-flux through the four-sphere. We show that this solution is dual to a supersymmetric mass deformation, which precisely modifies the classical moduli space of the field theory to the deformed geometry.
A Troubled Marriage: Domestic Violence and the Legal System

Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Developing the Legal Response 2 Defining Domestic Violence 3 Deconstructing the Victim 4 Separation 5 Mandatory Interventions 6 Reframing Domestic Violence Law and Policy: Anti-Essentialist Principles 7 A Reconstructed Legal System 8 Beyond the Law Notes Bibliography Index About the Author
Weakly Supervised Recognition of Daily Life Activities with Wearable Sensors

This paper considers scalable and unobtrusive activity recognition using on-body sensing for context awareness in wearable computing. Common methods for activity recognition rely on supervised learning requiring substantial amounts of labeled training data. Obtaining accurate and detailed annotations of activities is challenging, preventing the applicability of these approaches in real-world settings. This paper proposes new annotation strategies that substantially reduce the required amount of annotation. We explore two learning schemes for activity recognition that effectively leverage such sparsely labeled data together with more easily obtainable unlabeled data. Experimental results on two public data sets indicate that both approaches obtain results close to fully supervised techniques. The proposed methods are robust to the presence of erroneous labels occurring in real-world annotation data.
Prognostic correlations and response to treatment in advanced metastatic malignant melanoma.

Summary Four-hundred twenty-six patients with disseminated melanoma were analyzed, all of whom were treated with chemotherapy. There was a high correlation with hepatic metastases and elevated lactic dehydrogenase levels. Although there were frequent false-positive lactic dehydrogenase levels, normal lactic dehydrogenase levels were consistently associated with a normal liver. Central nervous system disease was a major cause of morbidity and mortality in metastatic melanoma. Eleven % of the patients in this study had evidence of central nervous system disease at onset. The only treatment that was proven to be effective in these patients was whole-brain radiotherapy with concomitant dexamethasone administration. There were certain areas of anatomical involvement that correlated with an improved survival. These were patients that had pulmonary metastases only (median survival, 10 months) and patients with disease limited to the skin and s.c. tissue (median survival), 11 months). The median survival for all patients was 4.7 months. The response rate to a variety of treatment regimens with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide was 18% (75 of 426) for all patients and 23% for evaluable patients only. There was an increased response to 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidiazole-4-carboxamide for nonvisceral involvement (28%), compared with visceral involvement (13%). The addition of 1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea appeared to have an increased response rate for pulmonary and other visceral involvement, compared with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide alone.
Partial-occupancy binders identified by the Pan-Dataset Density Analysis method offer new chemical opportunities and reveal cryptic binding sites

Crystallographic fragment screening uses low molecular weight compounds to probe the protein surface and although individual protein-fragment interactions are high quality, fragments commonly bind at low occupancy, historically making identification difficult. However, our new Pan-Dataset Density Analysis method readily identifies binders missed by conventional analysis: for fragment screening data of lysine-specific demethylase 4D (KDM4D), the hit rate increased from 0.9% to 10.6%. Previously unidentified fragments reveal multiple binding sites and demonstrate: the versatility of crystallographic fragment screening; that surprisingly large conformational changes are possible in crystals; and that low crystallographic occupancy does not by itself reflect a protein-ligand complex's significance.
Identifying Glioblastoma Gene Networks Based on Hypergeometric Test Analysis

Patient specific therapy is emerging as an important possibility for many cancer patients. However, to identify such therapies it is essential to determine the genomic and transcriptional alterations present in one tumor relative to control samples. This presents a challenge since use of a single sample precludes many standard statistical analysis techniques. We reasoned that one means of addressing this issue is by comparing transcriptional changes in one tumor with those observed in a large cohort of patients analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To test this directly, we devised a bioinformatics pipeline to identify differentially expressed genes in tumors resected from patients suffering from the most common malignant adult brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM). We performed RNA sequencing on tumors from individual GBM patients and filtered the results through the TCGA database in order to identify possible gene networks that are overrepresented in GBM samples relative to controls. Importantly, we demonstrate that hypergeometric-based analysis of gene pairs identifies gene networks that validate experimentally. These studies identify a putative workflow for uncovering differentially expressed patient specific genes and gene networks for GBM and other cancers.
Young children fail to fully generalize a novel argument structure construction when exposed to the same input as older learners

ABSTRACT The present study1 exposed five-year-olds (M=5 ; 2), seven-year-olds (M=7 ; 6) and adults (M=22 ; 4) to instances of a novel phrasal construction, then used a forced choice comprehension task to evaluate their learning of the construction. The abstractness of participants' acquired representations of the novel construction was evaluated by varying the degree of lexical overlap that test items had with exposure items. We found that both child groups were less proficient than adults, but seven-year-olds showed evidence of across-the-board generalization whereas five-year-olds were sensitive to lexical overlap at test. This outcome is consistent with more conservative, item-based learning of syntactic patterns in younger children. Additionally, unlike adults and seven-year-olds, five-year-olds showed no evidence of having mastered the novel construction's linking rules. Thus, younger learners are less likely to generalize abstract argument structure constructions when exposed to the same systematic input as older learners.
DIRAC-SOBOLEV INEQUALITIES AND ESTIMATES FOR THE ZERO MODES OF MASSLESS DIRAC OPERATORS

The paper analyzes the decay of any zero modes that might exist for a massless Dirac operator H ≔ α⋅(1/i)∇+Q, where Q is 4×4 matrix valued and of order O(∣x∣−1) at infinity. The approach is based on inversion with respect to the unit sphere in 3 and establishing embedding theorems for Dirac–Sobolev spaces of spinors f which are such that f and Hf lie in (Lp(3))4, 1 ⩽ p<∞
Effects of suppliers' trust and commitment on customer involvement

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among suppliers’ trust and commitment, transaction-specific investment, switching cost, and customer involvement within the context of relational governance mechanism and the social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use survey data from 214 Chinese manufacturing firms and employ the structural equation model to verify the conceptual model. Findings – Relational governance benefits customer involvement. Transaction-specific investment mediates the relationship between trust and commitment of suppliers. Switching costs negatively moderate the relationship between suppliers’ trust and customer involvement, but positively moderate the relationship between suppliers’ commitment and customer involvement. Research limitations/implications – The authors focus on two key elements of relationship, namely, trust and commitment of suppliers, but neglect other relational factors, such as relational norms and interdependenc.
PotTS at SemEval-2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Using Character-level Convolutional Neural Networks.

This paper presents an alternative approach to polarity and intensity classiﬁcation of sentiments in microblogs. In contrast to previous works, which either relied on carefully designed hand-crafted feature sets or automatically derived neural embeddings for words, our method harnesses character embeddings as its main input units. We obtain task-speciﬁc vector representations of characters by training a deep multi-layer convolutional neural network on the labeled dataset provided to the participants of the SemEval-2016 Shared Task 4 (Sentiment Analysis in Twitter; Nakov et al., 2016b) and subsequently evaluate our classiﬁers on subtasks B (two-way polarity classiﬁcation) and C (joint ﬁve-way prediction of polarity and intensity) of this competition. Our ﬁrst system, which uses three manifold convolution sets followed by four non-linear layers, ranks 16 in the former track; while our second network, which consists of a single convolutional ﬁlter set followed by a high-way layer and three non-linearities with linear mappings in-between, attains the 10-th place on subtask C. 1