Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive Bistatic Radar and Waveform Diversity

Abstract : This tutorial describes the basis of passive bistatic radar (PBR) systems, and in particular the nature of the waveforms of illuminators of opportunity that they exploit. It shows that there is a wide variety of such waveforms, from broadcast, communications and radionavigation transmissions, and that in general they are not optimum for radar purposes. In addition, they usually vary significantly as a function of time, with the imposed modulation. It is therefore necessary to understand the effect of the waveform on the performance of the passive bistatic radar, so as to be able to choose the most appropriate illuminator, and to use the waveform in the optimal way, and it is in this sense that PBR forms a part of the subject of waveform diversity. The tutorial presents a short summary of the properties of bistatic radar, then goes on to consider the specific case of passive bistatic radar. Next, two brief sections provide a review of the radar equation for bistatic radar and of the ambiguity function for bistatic radar, before considering the properties of a variety of different waveforms that may be used for passive bistatic radar purposes and how best to exploit them. Finally, a description is given of some practical passive bistatic radar systems and examples of results.
THE EFFECT OF THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES VEHICLE LOCATION AND RESPONSE STRATEGY ON RESPONSE TIMES

Response time is currently considered to be an important performance indicator in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems. A number of factors may affect response times, including the location of emergency vehicles and the type of response system design used. This study aimed to assess the effects of emergency vehicle location and response system design on response time performance in a model of a large South African urban EMS system, using discrete-event simulation. Results indicated that both the emergency vehicle location and response system design factors had a significant effect on r
Discovering Hierarchical Structure in Terrorist Networks

The network structure of a group determines its strengths and weaknesses. A general knowledge of the prevalent models of terrorist organizations and its analysis methods leads to a better understanding of their capabilities. One important method is centrality analysis, which determines the relative importance of vertices (terrorists) in a network based on their connectivity within the network structure. In this paper, we address the hierarchy property sharing among a large amount of networks. Based upon the degree centrality (DC) and eigenvector centrality (EC) measure, a method is proposed to discover the hierarchical structure of a terrorist network. This hierarchical structure sheds light on the leadership and the likely sub groups embedded in the network
PROK1 Level in the Follicular Microenvironment: A New Noninvasive Predictive Biomarker of Embryo Implantation.

CONTEXT Prokineticin 1 (PROK1), also called endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, is a well-established regulator of endometrial receptivity and placental development. However, its clinical usefulness as a noninvasive predictive biomarker of embryo implantation is yet to be validated. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this article was to determine the relationship between PROK1 levels in the follicular fluid (FF) and fertilization culture media (FCM) and the reproductive outcome in patients who received a first conventional in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. The secondary objective was to characterize the expression of PROK1 and its receptors (PROKRs) in the human follicular microenvironment. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a prospective study between January 2013 and June 2015 at the University Hospital of Grenoble. PATIENTS A total of 135 infertile in vitro fertilization patients and 10 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation were included. INTERVENTIONS The PROK1 concentration was measured by ELISA in FF and FCM collected on the day of oocyte retrieval and the day of the oocyte denudation step, respectively. Follicular expression of the PROK1/PROKR system was determined by immunohistochemistry, RT-quantitative PCR, and ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Assessment of the clinical pregnancy rates was the main outcome. RESULTS FF and FCM PROK1 levels were significantly higher in the embryo implantation group (P < .001) and were predictive of subsequent embryo implantation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.91 [95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.00], P = .001; and 0.88 [0.72-1.00], P = .001, respectively). FF and FCM PROK1 levels remain similar irrespective of the embryo morphokinetic parameters (P = .71 and P = .83, respectively). The PROK1/PROKR system is expressed during human folliculogenesis. CONCLUSIONS PROK1 levels in FF and FCM could constitute new predictive noninvasive markers of successful embryo implantation in conventional in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.
MECHANISM OF SUSTAINED-ACTION MEDICATION. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF RATE OF RELEASE OF SOLID DRUGS DISPERSED IN SOLID MATRICES.

Abstract Theoretically expected rates of release of solid drugs incorporated into solid matrices have been derived for several model systems. Mathematical relations have been obtained for cases (a) where the drug particles are dispersed in a homogeneous, uniform matrix which acts as the diffusional medium and (b) where the drug particles are incorporated in an essentially granular matrix and released by the leaching action of the penetrating solvent. Release from both planar surface and a sphere is considered. The unidimensional release rates are shown to follow our earlier equation derived for release from ointment bases. Release rates from spherical pellets by both model mechanisms are shown not to follow first‐order relationships. The analyses suggest that for the latter system the time required to release 50 per cent of the drug would normally be expected to be approximately 10 per cent of that required to dissolve the last trace of the solid drug phase in the center of the pellet.
Physiochemical characterization of the nisin-membrane interaction with liposomes derived from Listeria monocytogenes

Mechanistic information about the bacteriocin nisin was obtained by examining the efflux of 5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein from Listeria monocytogenes-derived liposomes. The initial leakage rate (percentage of efflux per minute) of the entrapped dye was dependent on both nisin and lipid concentrations. At all nisin concentrations tested, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein efflux plateaued before all of the 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein was released (suggesting that pore formation was transient), but efflux resumed when more nisin was added. Isotherms for the binding of nisin to liposomes constructed on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm gave an apparent binding constant of 6.2 x 10(5)M(-1) at pH 6.0. The critical number of nisin molecules required to induce efflux from liposomes at pH 6.0 was approximately 7,000 molecules per liposome. The pH affected the 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein leakage rates, with higher pH values resulting in higher leakage rates. The increased leakage rate observed at higher pH values was not due to an increase in the binding affinity of the nisin molecules towards the liposomal membrane. Rather, the critical number of nisin molecules required to induce activity was decreased (approximately 1,000 nisin molecules per liposome at pH 7.0). These data are consistent with a poration mechanism in which the ionization state of histidine residues in nisin plays an important role in membrane permeabilization.
The effects of lysosomal and proteasomal inhibitors on abnormal forms of prion protein degradation in murine macrophages

It has been reported that macrophages degrade infectious forms of prion protein (PrPSc). In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying PrPSc degradation in macrophages, the effects of lysosomal and proteasomal inhibitors on macrophage cell lines which were incubated with scrapie‐affected brain homogenate were studied. PrPSc degradation was inhibited in the presence of both proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors. Indirect fluorescence assays to determine the cellular localization of PrPSc were undertaken. PrPSc colocalized with the lysosomal membrane protein Lamp‐1 and ubiquitin, a protein that is related to the proteasome. The present data indicate that macrophages might degrade PrPSc via the lysosomal and proteasomal pathways.
All-conjugated poly(3-alkylthiophene) diblock copolymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells with controlled molecular organization and nanoscale morphology

Control over the ratio of two blocks in a new class of all-conjugated diblock copolymers, poly(3-butylthiophene)-b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3BHT), provides a facile approach to precisely tune the molecular organization and nanoscale morphology in polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. In stark contrast to the power conversion efficiency, PCE, of 1.08% in poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and 3.54% in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/PC71BM solar cells, an attractive, high PCE of 4.02% was achieved in a P3BHT21/PC71BM BHJ device in which the molar ratio of P3BT : P3HT in P3BHT21 was 2 : 1. The ratio of P3BT and P3HT blocks was found to exert a noteworthy influence on the molecular organization of P3BHT, the film morphology of P3BHT/PC71BM blend, and the final performance of P3BHT/PC71BM photovoltaic devices. This enhanced performance reflected a synergy of finer phase separation of P3BHT21 and PC71BM and the formation of respective percolation networks of electron donor P3BHT and electron acceptor PC71BM. The P3HT block rendered the P3BHT chains with favorable chemical compatibility for the diffusion of PC71BM molecules, allowing for finer phase separation between P3BHT crystalline domains and PC71BM domains at the nanoscale and maximizing the interfacial area of P3BHT21/PC71BM for improved charge generation. The P3BT block facilitated the self-assembly of P3BHT chains into sufficient interpenetrating pathways for efficient charge transport and collection. Moreover, a small crystalline domain with a size of 10.4 nm formed in the active layer that is comparable to the exciton diffusion length of most conjugated polymers (∼10 nm).
Narration in the Transitional Cinema: The Historiographical Claims of the Unauthored Text

Though our knowledge of the transitional era has increased substantially over the last few decades, incorporating studies of pivotal institutions, exhibition and reception contexts, and forces of regulation and circulation, formal analysis of the period’s films is still indebted to the singular example of D.W. Griffith, identified as the instigator of the “narrator system” in Tom Gunning’s influential book, D.W. Griffith and the Origins of the American Narrative Film. But the historical accident that resulted in Griffith’s films surviving when those of his contemporaries largely disappeared has defined most historians’ approach to charting a history of narrational changes during the pivotal years of 1908-1913. Rather than challenge Griffith’s importance as an enterprising and influential filmmaker, historians require the means to better contextualize Griffith’s contributions, rewriting in the process a formal history that can incorporate authorship without being defined by it as a governing principle. To this end, this essay will use the opportunity provided by the ongoing restoration and distribution of Thanhouser films from 1910-1913 to investigate how the “unauthored text” from this period can aid in our endeavours to expand the contours of the historiography of the transitional era.
Novel /spl mu/trench phase-change memory cell for embedded and stand-alone non-volatile memory applications

A novel cell structure for chalcogenide-based non-volatile Phase-Change Memories is presented. The new /spl mu/trench approach is fully compatible with an advanced CMOS technology, is highly manufacturable and allows to optimize array density and cell performance. Programming currents of 600 /spl mu/A, endurance of 10/sup 11/ programming cycles and data retention capabilities for 10 years at 110/spl deg/C have been demonstrated. The manufacturability is proven by experimental results from multi-megabit arrays.
Amniotic fluid cell types and culture.

Origines des cellules du liquide amniotique. Utilisation de ces cellules dans le diagnostic prenatal. Nombres et modifications de ces cellules au cours de la gestation pour les grossesses normales et pathologiques. Utilisation des cellules non cultivees, des cultures cellulaires a court terme et des cultures cellulaires a long terme. Aberrations chromosomiques chez le fœtus et in vitro. Diagnostic prenatal des erreurs de metabolisme a l'aide des cellules de liquide amniotique. Troubles cutanes fœtaux et cellules du liquide amniotique
New Interface-Selective Even-Order Nonlinear Spectroscopy

New interface-selective second- (chi<sup>(2)</sup>) and fourth-order (chi<sup>(4)</sup>) nonlinear spectroscopies were developed. The chi<sup>(2)</sup> electronic sum frequency generation spectroscopy provides precise interfacial electronic spectra. Vibrational spectra of buried interfaces are acquired in the whole fingerprint region by the chi<sup>(4)</sup> Raman spectroscopy.
Image Enhancement and Automated Target Recognition Techniques for Underwater Electro-Optic Imagery

Abstract : The main objective of this project is to develop a complete, flexible, and extensible modular automated target recognition (MATR) system for computer aided detection and classification (CAD/CAC) of target objects from within cluttered and possibly noisy image data. The MATR system framework is designed to be applicable to a wide range of situations, each with its own challenges, and so is organized in such a way that the constituent algorithms are interchangeable and can be selected based on their individual suitability to the particular task within the specific application. The ATR system designer can select combinations of algorithms, many of which are being developed at Metron, to produce a variety of systems, each tailored to specific needs. While the development of the system is still ongoing, results for mine countermeasures (MCM) applications using electro-optical (EO) image data have been encouraging. A brief description of the system framework, some of the novel algorithms, and preliminary test results are provided in this interim report.
Computer Organization & Design: The Hardware/Software Interface

Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the computer organization design the hardware software interface book. You can open the device and get the book by online.
Basal Transcription Factor 3 Plays an Important Role in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice

BTF3 has been recognized to be involved in plant growth and development. But its function remains mostly unknown during seed germination and seedling stage. Here, we have analyzed OsBTF3-related sequences in Oryza sativa L. subspecies, japonica, which resembles with the conserved domain of a nascent polypeptide associated complex (NAC) with different homologs of OsBTF3 and human BTF3. Inhibition of Osj10gBTF3 has led to considerable morphological changes during seed germination and seedling growth. Germination percentage was not influenced by the application of GA3, ABA, and NaCl but all concentrations caused wild-type (WT) seeds to germinate more rapidly than the RNAi (Osj10gBTF3 Ri) transgenic lines. Seedling inhibition was more severe in the Osj10gBTF3 Ri seedlings compared with their WT especially when treated with 100 or 200 μM GA3; 50% reduction in shoots was observed in Osj10gBTF3 Ri seedlings. The expression of Osj3g1BTF3, Osj3g2BTF3 and Osj10gBTF3 was primarily constitutive and generally modulated by NaCl, ABA, and GA3 stresses in both Osj10gBTF3 Ri lines and WT at the early seedling stage, suggesting that Osj3g1BTF3 and Osj10gBTF3 are much similar but different from Osj3g2BTF3 in biological function. These results show that OsBTF3 plays an important role in seed germination and seedling growth gives a new perception demonstrating that more multifaceted regulatory functions are linked with BTF3 in plants.
Bi-objective stochastic programming models for determining depot locations in disaster relief operations

This paper presents two-stage bi-objective stochastic programming models for disaster relief operations. We consider a problem that occurs in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a transportation system for supplying disaster victims with relief goods must be established. We propose bi-objective optimization models with a monetary objective and humanitarian objective. Uncertainty in the accessibility of the road network is modeled by a discrete set of scenarios. The key features of our model are the determination of locations for intermediate depots and acquisition of vehicles. Several model variants are considered. First, the operating budget can be fixed at the first stage for all possible scenarios or determined for each scenario at the second stage. Second, the assignment of vehicles to a depot can be either fixed or free. Third, we compare a heterogeneous vehicle fleet to a homogeneous fleet. We study the impact of the variants on the solutions. The set of Pareto-optimal solutions is computed by applying the adaptive Epsilon-constraint method. We solve the deterministic equivalents of the two-stage stochastic programs using the MIP-solver CPLEX.
Single particle imaging in the cell nucleus : a quantitative approach

The cell nucleus is a chemical reactor. Nuclear components interact with each other to express genes, duplicate the chromosomes for cell division, and protect DNA from alteration. These reactions are regulated along the cell cycle and in response to stress. One of the fundamental nuclear processes, transcription, enables the production of a messenger RNA from a template DNA sequence. While mandatory for the cell, transcription nevertheless may involve a very small number of molecules. Indeed, a single gene would have only few copies in the genome. During my PhD, I studied nuclear processes in human cells nuclei at the single molecule level with novel imaging techniques. I developed new statistical tools to quantify nuclear components movement that revealed a dynamic nuclear architecture. Since the 90s, simple methods have been developed for the observation of single molecules in the cell. These experiments can be conducted in an ordinary inverted microscope. We used these methods to monitor nuclear molecules called transcription factors (TF) that regulate transcription. From TF dynamics, we concluded that nuclear exploration by transcription factors is regulated by their chemical interactions with partners. The organization of the components of the nucleus guide transcription factors in their search of a gene. As an example of this organization, we then studied chromatin, the de-condensed form of nuclear DNA, proving that it displays the characteristics of a self-organized fractal structure. This structure changes in response to cellular fate and stress. In yeast, we showed that the interminglement of chromatin constrained DNA locus movement in a reptation regime. All these results show the interdependence of the structure of the nucleus and of its chemical reactions. With combination of realistic modeling and high resolution microscopy, we have enlightened the specificity of the nucleus as a chemical reactor. This thesis has also enabled the development of accurate methods for the statistical analysis of single molecule data.
New approach to cell lineage analysis in mammals using the cre‐loxP system

The Cre‐loxP site‐specific recombination system was used for cell lineage analysis in mammals. We constructed an expression plasmid, pCETZ‐17, which consists of cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β‐actin promoter (CAG), a portion of the rabbit β‐globin gene, loxP‐flanked DNA sequence (containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cDNA), and lacZ gene encoding E. coli β‐galactosidase (β‐gal). When circular pCETZ‐17 plasmid DNA was microinjected into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs and these eggs were allowed to develop to two‐cell stage, 62.8% (59/94) of the two‐cell embryos exhibited distinct fluorescence in one or both blastomeres, but never expressed lacZ protein, as evaluated by histochemical staining with X‐Gal, a substrate for β‐gal. When both circular plasmids, pCETZ‐17 and pCAG/NCre (containing CAG and DNA sequences encoding nuclear location signal and Cre), were co‐injected into fertilized eggs, almost all (87.0%, 47/54) embryos exhibited low or no fluorescence, but 51.9% (27/52) exhibited positive staining for β‐gal activity. This indicates that transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene removed the loxP‐flanked DNA sequence in pCETZ‐17 and then caused expression of the downstream lacZ sequence. We next microinjected pCETZ‐17 into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs, cultured these injected eggs for 1 day, and collected only two‐cell embryos expressing EGFP in both blastomeres. One blastomere of the EGFP‐expressing two‐cell embryos was microinjected with pCAG/NCre, and these treated embryos were cultured for 1 day up to four‐cell stage. When the developing four‐cell embryos were subjected to staining with X‐Gal, cell lineage‐related staining pattern for β‐gal activity was observed in most (77.8%, 7/9) embryos. These findings were further confirmed using two‐cell embryos derived from a transgenic mouse line carrying CETZ‐17 transgene. Thus, our system, which is based on transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene directly introduced into nuclei of embryonic cells by microinjection, is a powerful means for cell lineage analysis in mammals. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 56:34–44, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Edge location to subpixel precision and analysis

This paper proposes a new method of locating an edge in a digital image to sub-pixel precision by using gray-level information in the neighborhood of the edge alone. The location of the edge is determined by fitting the first derivatives of gray-level values to a normal-distribution curve using the least-squares method and by regarding the location of the extreme value of the curve as the location of the edge. By comparing the proposed method with five conventional methods it is shown that the method requires the smallest amount of computation generally and minimum systematic errors in a sharp edge. The errors in an edge location measurement caused by image noises are quantized and are shown by a graph so that errors under an arbitrary condition can easily be estimated.
Mechanically based design: adaptive refinement for B-spline finite element

This paper presents a method for adaptive refinement within an integrated mechanically based CAE system. The system uses a mechanical B-spline finite element model for both geometric design and mechanical analysis. A technique for locally refining a solution by B-spline finite elements is presented. The key component in the proposed method is the linear coordinate transformation introduced into the refined element. The transformation is constructed in such a way that the transformed nodal configuration of the refined element is identical to the nodal configuration of the neighbor elements. Therefore, the assembly proceeds in the regular fashion, while the C/sup 0/ continuity is forced along the inter-element boundary exactly. The proposed adaptive refinement method has been implemented both for surface and solid design without substantial differences in technical complexity. Its feasibility as applied to sculptured surface and solid objects is demonstrated by several examples.