Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Transsyndesmotic Ankle Fracture Dislocation—The “Logsplitter” Injury

Objectives: To describe and investigate the injury pattern and outcomes of high-energy transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocations, or “Logsplitter” injuries, in which the talus is axially wedged into the tibiofibular joint. Design: Prospective Cohort Study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: Prospective evaluation of 23 high-energy transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocations (OTA 44-B). Intervention: Operative fixation. Main Outcome Measurements: Radiographs, clinical examination, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment. Results: Fracture characteristics included 52% open fractures (all medial) and syndesmotic widening of 30.7 ± 11.9 mm. The tibial plafond was involved in 11 (48%) of 23 injuries, with 5 (22%) Chaput, 5 (22%) posterior malleolar fragments, and 6 (26%) with articular impaction. A fibula fracture occurred in all but 1 patient, on average 64.2 ± 40.0 mm above the distal tip. All patients had fixation of their fibular and medial malleolar fractures, 21 of 23 patients had syndesmotic screws, and 8 of 23 had tibial plafond fixation. Anatomic alignment (within ⩽ 2 mm) was obtained in 21 (87%) of 23 injuries. Mean follow-up was 20.6 ± 6.2 months. Sixteen (70%) of 23 patients had radiographic evidence of posttraumatic ankle arthritis. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion at final follow-up were 6.9 ± 9.6 and 35.6 ± 12.1 degrees, respectively. Complications included a 17% infection and 17% nonunion rate. Average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score was 67.0 ± 26.8, whereas Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Dysfunction index was 32.9 ± 28.6 and Bother index 34.5 ± 29.5. Conclusions: Transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocations, or “Logsplitter” injuries, represent an exceptional pattern of high-energy fractures with significant syndesmotic disruption, potential soft tissue compromise, and possible associated plafond injuries. Careful attention to radiographic findings can identify unique fracture characteristics relative to operative decision-making. Outcomes are comparable to those of high-energy pilon fractures, thereby providing the treating surgeon with prognostic information. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reduction in Exopolysaccharide Viscosity as an Aid to Bacteriophage Penetration through Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

ABSTRACT To cause an infection, bacteriophages must penetrate the alginate exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to reach the bacterial surface. Despite a lack of intrinsic motility, phage were shown to diffuse through alginate gels at alginate concentrations up to 8% (wt/vol) and to bring about a 2-log reduction in the cell numbers in 20-day-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa. The inability of alginate to act as a more effective diffusional barrier suggests that phage may cause a reduction in the viscosity of the exopolysaccharide. Samples (n = 5) of commercial alginate and purified cystic fibrosis (CF) alginate were incubated with 2 × 108 purified phage per ml for 24 h at 37°C. After incubation the samples and controls were subjected to rheological analysis with a Carrimed controlled stress rheometer. The viscosities of phage-treated samples were reduced by up to 40% compared to those of controls incubated in the absence of phage. The experiment was repeated by using phage concentrations of 1010 and 1012 phage per ml and samples taken for analysis at intervals up to 4 h. The results indicated that there was a time- and concentration-dependent reduction in viscosity of up to 40% compared to the viscosities of the controls. Commercial and purified CF alginate samples, both phage treated and untreated, were subjected to gel filtration chromatography by using Sephacryl High Resolution S-400 medium in order to obtain evidence of degradation. The results demonstrated that alginate treated with phage had a lower molecular weight than untreated alginate. The data suggest that bacteriophage migration through P. aeruginosa biofilms may be facilitated by a reduction in alginate viscosity brought about by enzymic degradation and that the source of the enzyme may be the bacterial host itself.
Modelling Short-term Interest Rates in the Euro Area Using Business Survey Data

Interest rates play a key role in free market economies. According to the Taylor rule, shortterm interest rates depend on deviations of the current inflation rate from a normative value and of the output gap. Given the difficulty of observing the output gap, we postulate that alternative indicators of pressure on capacity should be monitored, especially those obtained from business surveys. Primarily, our work compares those empirically observed capacity utilization figures (CU) with the difference between actual and potential GDP, and tries to assess monetary policy on the basis of these indicators. The analysis of monetary policy is done in the first case by using a simple single equation framework and in a next step by using a more advanced vector autoregressive model. Given the fact that the survey measure of output gap captures only manufacturing and thus omits the important service sector which has a high share in value added we constructed a more comprehensive measure of capacity utilization (CU*). The new indicator is based on CU in manufacturing industry and on the confidence indicator for services.
Introduction : L'économie de la culture est-elle particulière ?

Existe-t-il des paradigmes justifiant un traitement economique particulier des activites culturelles ? Un premier paradigme serait celui dit de la maladie des couts : faute de gains de productivite, les activites culturelles font l'objet d'une derive vers le haut de leurs couts de production et de leurs prix, ce qui pose d'emblee les questions d'accessibilite des consommateurs, de subventions des entreprises et de soutien de revenu des artistes. Mieux adapte aux transformations de l'economie contemporaine, un second paradigme part de l'incertitude pesant sur de telles activites et decoulant logiquement des logiques de creativite et de nouveaute des biens artistiques. Il permet de renouveler les analyses des comportements de demande et d'offre de ces biens-paris, de specifier les problemes des industries culturelles et de prendre en consideration les effets de la numerisation et Internet. Enfin, cette introduction analyse les plaidoyers faisant du developpement culturel un levier du developpement soutenable, presente les differents articles de ce numero et la logique de leur enchainement.
Service failures and recovery strategies of chain restaurants in Taiwan

This study utilised the critical incident technique to study service failure and recovery strategies in chain restaurants. A total of 431 incidents were collected and classified. The analytical results identified the most common categories as being service failure and recovery strategy. It also demonstrates that consumers were unable to recognise high-quality service and high-consistency products in chain restaurants. Additionally, appropriate recovery strategies were proposed to assist restaurateurs in reducing service failure. A number of conclusions and recommendations regarding practice and future research are made.
Age-Related Changes in the Expression of the Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD in Drosophila Glial Cells

Circadian clocks consist of molecular negative feedback loops that coordinate physiological, neurological, and behavioral variables into “circa” 24-h rhythms. Rhythms in behavioral and other circadian outputs tend to weaken during aging, as evident in progressive disruptions of sleep-wake cycles in aging organisms. However, less is known about the molecular changes in the expression of clock genes and proteins that may lead to the weakening of circadian outputs. Western blot studies have demonstrated that the expression of the core clock protein PERIOD (PER) declines in the heads of aged Drosophila melanogaster flies. This age-related decline in PER does not occur in the central pacemaker neurons but has been demonstrated so far in retinal photoreceptors. Besides photoreceptors, clock proteins are also expressed in fly glia, which play important roles in neuronal homeostasis and are further categorized into subtypes based on morphology and function. While previous studies of mammalian glial cells have demonstrated the presence of functional clocks in astrocytes and microglia, it is not known which glial cell types in Drosophila express clock proteins and how their expression may change in aged individuals. Here, we conducted immunocytochemistry experiments to identify which glial subtypes express PER protein suggestive of functional circadian clocks. Glial cell subtypes that showed night-time accumulation and day-time absence in PER consistent with oscillations reported in the pacemaker neurons were selected to compare the level of PER protein between young and old flies. Our data demonstrate that some glial subtypes show rhythmic PER expression and the relative PER levels become dampened with advanced age. Identification of glial cell types that display age-related dampening of PER levels may help to understand the cellular changes that contribute to the loss of homeostasis in the aging brain.
A national UK survey of radiology trainees special interest choices: what and why?

OBJECTIVES A national survey was designed to better understand factors influencing special interest choices, future aspirations of UK radiology trainees and perceptions of breast radiology. METHODS A SurveyMonkey questionnaire was developed and distributed to all radiology trainees in the UK through the British Institute of Radiology, RCR Junior Radiologists Forum and by directly contacting UK training schemes as well as by social media between December 2015 and January 2016. RESULTS From 21 training schemes across the UK, 232 responses were received. Over half entered radiology after foundation training and 62% were ST1-3; one-fifth of trainees intended to leave the NHS. The most popular special interests were musculoskeletal (18%), abdominal imaging (16%) and neuroradiology (13%). Gynaecological and oncological imaging proved to be the least popular. Strong personal interest, a successful rotation during training, a mix of imaging modalities, direct impact on patient care and job prospects were the most popular factors influencing career choice. Research and potential for private income were the least influential factors. Respondents detailed their perceptions of breast radiology, selecting an awareness of career prospects (41%) and a better trainee experience (36%) as factors that would increase their interest in pursuing it as a career. CONCLUSION Understanding the factors that influence special interest choice is essential to addressing the alarming staffing shortfalls that will befall certain radiology special interests. Addressing trainee's preconceptions and improving the trainee experience are key to attracting trainees to breast radiology. Advances in knowledge: This is the first survey of its kind in the UK literature designed to evaluate special interest career choices and the factors that influence those among radiology trainees.
How to Improve Poverty Measurement in the United States

This paper discusses the reasons why the current official U.S. poverty measure is outdated and nonresponsive to many anti-poverty initiatives. A variety of efforts to update and improve the statistic have failed, for political, technical, and institutional reasons. Meanwhile, the European Union is taking a very different approach to poverty measurement. The paper ends with four recommended steps that would allow the U.S. to improve its measurement of poverty and economic need.
AN INTEGRAL APPROACH TO INSTITUTIONALIZING SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF COLORADO COLLEGE

Recently, institutions of higher education (IHE) have moved toward greening their campuses and incorporating sustainability principles into strategic planning, operations, education, research, and public engagement. While many IHE have some form of sustainability initiative, project, or policy, there are no examples of an institution that has successfully achieved a whole-systems transformation or institutionalized sustainability. Using qualitative case study methods, this Masters Project analyzes the catalysts and barriers to institutionalizing sustainability at Colorado College. I then apply a theoretical framework adapted from Integral Theory to evaluate the degree of institutionalization and whole-system change at Colorado College. Further, I extend the successes and lessons learned from the case, arguing that the integral model of institutionalization is applicable and useful to sustainability transformation in many IHE. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to Colorado College for supporting my experience as a sustainability fellow from May through December of 2009. In particular, Professor Howard Drossman was instrumental in finding funding and support for my fellowship. In addition, he mentored my academic work and acted as an advisor during my stay. Emily Wright was both inspirational to me and aided in my deeper understanding of sustainability in higher education. I thank her for her dedication and passion for her work. My advisor, Professor Charlotte Clark, helped me from the start of this project to wade through the complexities of the research questions, methodological approach, and theoretical inquiry. I am thankful for her positive support and thorough guidance, without which, none of this would be possible. Of course, I must thank my partner Chris Barlow, and family for standing by my side through this program.
Initiation of germination of bacterial spores by hydrostatic pressure.

SUMMARY: Hydrostatic pressure initiated germination of bacterial spores in nutrient-free media. Those spores which were most dormant towards chemical germinants at I atmosphere pressure were also the most resistant to germination by pressure treatment. Germination by high pressure treatment was characterized by temperature and pH optima, like germination at atmospheric pressure. Germination initiated by pressure was inhibited by metabolic poisons and was potentiated by low concentrations of various nutrients including some of those which are normally germinative (at higher concentrations) at atmospheric pressure. In particular, L-alanine and closely related α-amino acids, but not their breakdown products, potentiated germination initiated by pressure. Study of potentiation by D-alanine (which strongly inhibits germination initiated by L-alanine at I atmosphere pressure) revealed that high pressures caused an increase in the rate of racemization of alanine by spores. Germination by pressure probably resulted from acceleration of some germination reaction which is normally negligibly slow at a pressure of I atmosphere, and also from an increase in permeability of some barrier within the spore to L-alanine and related α-amino acids.
COPRAS based Comparative Analysis of the European Country Management Capabilities within the Construction Sector in the Time of Crisis

Construction industry and its impact on the national economy in different countries had been investigated. In general, it can be noted that development trends of the construction industry is almost the same as the development trends of the whole country economy itself. Efficiency level of the construction and real estate industries depends on the specific quantities of the variables within micro, meso and macro context. Although factors of the macro level influence the efficiency level of the whole economy this investigation analyses its influence on the efficiency of the construction industry. Efficiency of the construction industry operation depends on the complex impact of the macro level variable factors such as economic, political and cultural level of development, construction industry are effected by the regulating documents, market, taxation system, drawing possibilities and conditions, inflation, local resources etc. (Kaklauskas et al. 2011). Construction industry development possibilities vary according to the effect of macro level factors. Crisis, spin up in 2008--2009, had differently affected the construction industry markets of the European Union countries. The general part of countries had faced the decrease of outputs, real estate transactions, and predictable reduction in employment of population and quantity of construction companies. Adverse conditions and huge deviations that had arisen due to the crisis encourage analysing the situation of the construction sector not only in the particular country but in other ones, it happens because of possibility to analyse the international experience and get the broader view of the construction sector issues and solve them correctly. Procedure, presented in the issue, provide the possibility to detect the one of 23 European countries which possesses the most effective construction sector market development according to the criteria set. Countries undergo the multi-criteria evaluation applying COPRAS methods (Zavadskas and Kaklauskas 1996), evaluation criteria relevance is determined via entropy method. The first time using the entropy concept (Shannon and Weaver 1947; Shannon 1948) for maximizing the quantity of information contained in the dataset. The entropy is described as the casual value of the uncertainty which makes it more valuable in comparison with other factors. Thus, the main goal of the work is to group investigated European countries applying the COPRAS method and evaluating six criteria, describing the construction sector. In order to implement this goal, economy of the European Union countries, construction sectors, statistical economic data, valuables set according to the entropy method and priority of the European country construction sectors set by COPRAS method will be evaluated.
Long-term follow-up of large atrial septal occluder (Amplatzer device) with cardiac MRI in a pediatric population.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the position and the progress of large Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) devices relevant to adjacent cardiac structures in growing children using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval for this study was obtained. Twenty-five children who underwent large ASO implantation were evaluated using MRI. All subjects were initially imaged 7 years earlier using the same protocol. Spatial and dynamic relationships between the ASO and the adjacent cardiac structures were compared to assess the progress over the 7-year growth span with respect to protrusion, contact, and extrinsic deformity of the mitral valve, the left atrial roof, the aortic annulus and root, and the ostia of adjacent veins. RESULTS No long-term device-related complications were documented during follow-up. Impingement of the ASO into the opening of the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins and the superior and inferior vena cava resolved completely, compared with initial observations, in five of 16, three of three, five of 10, and three of nine patients, respectively, and significantly regressed in the remaining patients. The device's contact with the mitral valve and the left atrial roof and the aortic root deformity resolved in seven of 10, 11 of 20, and 10 of 18 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION The distance between the ASO and the surrounding structures increases with time in growing children who require large ASO devices, likely decreasing the risk of long-term complications.
A comparative study of the stochastic models and harmonically coupled stochastic models in the analysis and forecasting of solar radiation data

Extra-terrestrially, there is no stochasticity in the solar irradiance, hence deterministic models are often used to model this data. At ground level, the Box-Jenkins Seasonal/Non-seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (S/ARIMA) short memory stochastic models have been used to model such data with some degree of success. This success is attributable to its ability to capture the stochastic component of the irradiance series due to the effects of the ever-changing atmospheric conditions. However, irradiance data recorded at the earth’s surface is rarely entirely stochastic but a mixture of both deterministic and stochastic components. One plausible modelling procedure is to couple sinusoidal predictors at determined harmonic (Fourier) frequencies to capture the inherent periodicities (seasonalities) due to the diurnal cycle, with SARIMA models capturing the stochastic components. We construct such models which we term, harmonically coupled SARIMA (HCSARIMA) models and use them to empirically model the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) recorded at the earth’s surface. Comparison of the two classes of models shows that HCSARIMA models generally out-compete SARIMA models in the forecasting arena.
Long-Term Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Practical Considerations for the Primary Care Physician.

BACKGROUND: With the aging of the population, primary care physicians are increasingly expected to manage patients with Alzheimer's disease. For patients with this disease to obtain the best outcomes over the long term, early diagnosis and effective treatment are critical. Currently, cholinesterase inhibitors are the only drugs approved in the United States for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: Relevant clinical studies were identified through a search of the MEDLINE database using the terms Alzheimer's disease and donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine, using the limits of English language and publication dates of 1995 to 2003. Published studies were selected that provided information on the long-term use, defined as 1 year or longer, of second-generation cholinesterase inhibitors approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: 590 references were identified. Of these, 11 studies met the final study criteria, and 10 were selected (1 of the 11 was an interim analysis). CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of sustained long-term treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors have been demonstrated over the last several years. By reducing cognitive and functional decline over time, long-term cholinesterase inhibitor therapy enables patients to stay at home longer and may decrease the burdens faced by patients, caregivers, and society.
The Politics and Poetics of Authenticity: Indonesian Migrant Women and Cultural Representation in Perth, Australia

This article provides a novel analysis of how a marginalised Indonesian marriage migrant dance group, in Perth Australia, engage with an Indonesian transnational discourse of ‘authentic’ cultural performance. The story of this Indonesian amateur housewife dance group and their performance of a generic Indonesian boat dance that became a Madurese fisherman folk dance, shows how they can express both political and poetic forms of of authenticity. They attribute cultural identification to their dance which is a strategically essentialising act. They also enjoy the dance movement which they embody, some according to their beliefs in certain stereotypes, which is a poetic experience and manifestation of authenticity. Thus, the article argues for alternative ways Anthropologist can address the discourse of authenticity.