Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a new frontier in myocardial reperfusion therapy: emerging platelet preeminence.

For more than a decade, intravenous thrombolytic therapy has been validated for the reduction of mortality in evolving MI.1 2 3 Reperfusion therapy is the standard of care for patients with acute MI who present early (within 12 hours of symptom onset) and have significant ECG ST-segment elevation.4 However, the limitations of the therapy are especially impressive. First, even the most potent established thrombolytic therapy does not achieve restoration of early and complete coronary blood flow in ≈50% of patients.5 This ≈50% failure rate is particularly important because the relationship of successful reperfusion and survival is quite strong,5 6 such that the death rate among patients who fail to achieve early reperfusion is at least twofold to threefold higher.5 6 7 Second, thrombolytic therapy induces a relatively high rate of intracerebral hemorrhage. Although the incidence is ≈1 in 150 to 200 treated patients,8 the event is usually catastrophic, resulting in fatality or a disabling stroke. Of note, the ability to predict intracerebral bleeding is quite limited; save for the commonly present demographic factors of the aged and hypertension, little is known about who is predisposed or why this dreaded complication occurs. In the recently completed third Global Utilization of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO-III) trial, which assessed reteplase and alteplase, the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was increased compared with previous trials. The overall rate of 0.9%, or ≈1 in 100 patients, reflects, in part, the enrollment of more elderly and hypertensive patients9 and emphasizes the significance of the problem in contemporary trials and likely clinical practice. Third, thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be inferior to catheter-based reperfusion for achieving infarct vessel patency and reducing the incidence of death or nonfatal MI.10 11 12 13 14 Furthermore, the incidence of hemorrhagic …
The effects of types, quantity, and quality of questioning in improving students' understanding

The Effects of Types, Quantity, and Quality of Questioning in Improving Students’ Understanding. (December 2007) Alpaslan Sahin, B.A., 9 Eylul University at Izmir, Turkey Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Gerald Kulm This research is based on the Middle School Mathematics Project (MSMP) funded by the Interagency Educational Research Initiative (IERI) through a grant to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Both teachers’ video lessons and students’ pre-and-post test scores were used to investigate the effects of teachers’ types, quality, and quantity of questioning students’ knowledge of algebra concepts and skills in variables, change, equality, and equations in middle school students in seventh and eighth grades. The study further explored the relationship between types of questioning, quality of questioning, and quantity of questioning. Later, teachers’ intention of asking two types of questions, probing and guiding, and teachers’ questioning acquisition methods were studied through face-to-face teacher interviews. This dissertation used a mixed approach utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data were collected from 33 teachers in two different states, Texas and Delaware, who participated in the IERI project either during the 2002-2003, the 20032004, or the 2004-2005 school years. A total of 103 videotapes were obtained consisting of one to five lessons for each teacher. The teachers used one of four different textbooks: MathThematics (Billstein, et al., 1999), Connected Mathematics (Lappan, et al., 1998), Mathematics: Applications and Connections Glencoe Algebra (Collins, et al., 1998), or Mathematics in Context (MiC) (Romberg, et al., 1998).
User Capacity of Wireless Physical-Layer Identification

A wireless physical layer identification (WPLI) system aims at identifying or classifying authorized devices of different users based on the unique radio frequency fingerprints (RFFs) extracted from their radio frequency signals at physical layer. Most existing works mainly focus on demonstrating feasibility of system by presenting the classification performance of a fixed-user-number network. However, the real-world WPLI systems are expected to work in various scenarios with different scales of user numbers, dynamic changes in user numbers, and various choices of user combinations. Hence, an important question needs to be answered: what’s the user number that a WPLI system can support, i.e. the user capacity, under the condition that the minimum system performance is guaranteed. In thispaper, we theoretically characterize the user capacity of WPLI. A theoretical approach is proposed based on ensemble mutual information between RFF and user identity. With this approach and one-time RFF training, the user capacity of WPLI can be characterized under various real-world constraints. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy and tightness of the theoretically derived WPLI user capacity.
Forest-Based Statistical Sentence Generation

This paper presents a new approach to statistical sentence generation in which alternative phrases are represented as packed sets of trees, or forests, and then ranked statistically to choose the best one. This representation offers advantages in compactness and in the ability to represent syntactic information. It also facilitates more efficient statistical ranking than a previous approach to statistical generation. An efficient ranking algorithm is described, together with experimental results showing significant improvements over simple enumeration or a lattice-based approach.
CHANGING CONTEXTS: NEIGHBORHOOD DEFINITION AND URBAN ORGANIZATION

DESPITE ITS CONCEPTUAL ILLUSIVENESS, THE NEIGHBORHOOD FIGURES prominently in our urban consciousness. Receiving national attention during the urban crisis of the 1960s, the neighborhood became the rallying ground for numerous schemes designed to revitalize the nation's urban centers. In response to this concern, scholars in disciplines such as sociology, geography, political science, and history focused their energy on neighborhood studies. While these studies vary in their approaches, they share a common characteristic. Whether polemical, descriptive, or analytical, these works are ahistorical. We can learn from them much about aspects of a particular neighborhood's experience or about neighborhoods in general viewed through the lens of a particular moment in time. Yet we learn little about the changing nature of beliefs about neighborhoods or about the changing nature of the relationship between neighborhoods and the larger city. Neighborhoods, as identifiable units in the American cityscape, emerged as major urban centers underwent the transition from the pedestrian city of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to the expanded and differentiated urban structure of the early twentieth century. A few scholars, such as Carl Abbott, have suggested that neighborhoods existed as early as the colonial era. Based on an analysis of land use patterns in pre-Revolutionary New York City, Abbott has argued in "The Neighborhoods of New York, 1760-1776" (1974) that the city was characterized by a series of concentric zones in which urban dwellers were sorted out on the basis of wealth and economic activity. I In general, however, most students of the American city have dated the emergence of the modern neighborhood to the demise of the walking city. As Sam Bass Warner, Jr. has argued in Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (1962), Boston, like other American cities, was small, compact, and relatively integrated
Noninvasive physiological measures and workload transitions: An investigation of thresholds using multiple synchronized sensors

The initial step for this effort was to introduce a novel approach that could be used to determine how multiple minimally intrusive physiological sensors can be used together and validly applied to areas such as Augmented Cognition and Neuroergonomics. While researchers in these fields have established the utility of many physiological measures for informing when to adapt systems, research on the use of such measures together remains limited. The specific intention of the initial effort was to (a) provide a contextual explanation of cognitive state, workload, and the measurement of both; (b) provide a brief discussion on several relatively noninvasive physiological measures; (c) explore what a modular cognitive state gauge should consist of; and finally, (d) propose a framework based on the previous review items that can be used to determine the how the various measures interact with each other in relation to the change of cognitive state. Introduction Advances in technologies, research, and interest in Augmented Cognition applications have all but guaranteed a future in which the physiological state of a human operator will impact the interactions with many, if not all, (closed-loop) systems. To the uninitiated, this statement almost assuredly conjures images of cyborgs and bionic beings that seemingly have given up their humanity. While the issue of being “more machine than man” may eventually become an ethical dilemma, current technology has not yet required its serious contemplation. Current
Material Construction of Care Workers’ Identity

This article takes a critical look at the unconscious and unnoticed effects of materiality on care workers’ identity. The data was collected through nonactive role-playing using written accounts, in which the respondents described how they felt about working in fictitious ‘good’ or ‘bad’ elderly care homes. The data was analyzed with rhetorical analysis. Five different identity strategies were identified in the accounts. Strong professional identity was defended by downplaying the significance of materiality. Adjustment and passive compliance were used to adjust to physical shortcomings of the work environment. A ‘rebellion’ was described as an extreme course of action to resolve the contradiction between good care and poor facilities. At its best, the materiality of care homes, in particular homelikeness, seemed to support professional identity. These identity strategies illustrate how care workers balance between the physical realities of care homes and the requirements of the ethos of care, which are often incompatible with each other. It is crucial that managers as well as workers themselves recognize and acknowledge these connections affecting motivation and commitment to care work. Investments in better environments could be one way to improve the image and the attractiveness of the care branch and relieve the recruitment problems.
ML Detection of MIMO-OFDM Signals in Selected Spatial-Temporal Subspace for Prewhitening with Recursive Eigenvalue Decomposition in Mobile Interference Environments

This paper proposes a maximum likelihood (ML) detector with spatial-temporal filters prewhitening cochannel interferences for MIMO-OFDM mobile communications. The proposed detector consists of several branch metric generators and an ML detector using metrics which the generators produce. In the branch metric generator, the spatial-temporal filter for received signals suppresses interfering signal components while prewhitening them. Subtracting replica signals from the filter's outputs and squaring the result yield the metrics. Coefficients of the filters and channel impulse responses for the replicas are estimated by using the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of an autocorrelation matrix of both the received and transmitted signals. To select appropriate eigenvectors for the branch metric generators, the proposed detector adopts a channel capacity criterion, and avoids prohibitive complexity by using a fast search algorithm. Another problem is that it requires a large amount of computational complexity for channel tracking because it performs parameter estimation using the nonrecursive EVD. To solve such a problem, the recursive EVD is applied, which can track the time-varying fading channel while simultaneously reducing the complexity. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme can maintain an excellent BER performance in correlated channels and track the fast fading channel with reduced complexity.
BCI meeting 2005-workshop on BCI signal processing: feature extraction and translation

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop charged with reviewing and evaluating the current state of and issues relevant to brain-computer interface (BCI) feature extraction and translation. The issues discussed include a taxonomy of methods and applications, time-frequency spatial analysis, optimization schemes, the role of insight in analysis, adaptation, and methods for quantifying BCI feedback.
Personal and Organizational Variables: Their Relative Effect on Reward Valences of Industrial Salespeople

The authors investigate the relationship between personal and organizational characteristics and the attractiveness of various rewards to industrial salespeople. Data were gathered from 241 industrial salespeople and the sales managers of 17 participating industrial firms. Of the 84 relationships examined, 18 statistically significant relationships are found between such predictor variables as age, job tenure, income level, specific self-esteem, compensation plan base, promotion opportunity rate, and recognition rate and criterion variables which are the valences for various rewards. Organizational variables are found to be more promising than personal characteristics in terms of their relationship to the attactiveness of various rewards.
Cities after oil—2

In line with a general foreboding emerging from the analysis of the future of our cities—and indeed concerning our civilisations as such—that has made its appearance in the pages of CITY, this paper investigates in detail how civilisations collapse. It looks at the systemic forces that produce the general self‐consciousness of civilisations that leads to their relinquishing responsibility for their own future. In the case of our civilisation we can see a number of ingredients that include an early adoption of individualistic thinking that tends to the belief that looking after one’s self is better for society than trying to look after society as such (to précis Adam Smith). The postmodern condition and the unalloyed pursuit of consumption in our age is, however, altogether more extravagant than any past civilisation and this paper goes into considerable detail on the way in which our passion for the automobile has come to possess our culture and is screening out any realistic sense of responsibility for what is now looking like a catastrophic collapse ahead. This paper is the centrepiece of a trilogy appearing in the pages of CITY. The first paper appeared in the last issue and pointed both to the failure of the debate on sustainable development (and sustainable cities) and our dependence of vast throughputs of energy that in a few short years will start to dry up. In the next issue, I will be presenting the most likely scenario of collapse that will be unfolding over the coming decades, finishing with a discussion of how we need to conceptualise this and do what we can to survive the consequences.
Development of reporter gene imaging techniques for long-term assessment of human circulating angiogenic cells

The use of biomaterials and tracking the long-term fate of the transplanted cells is expected to help improve the clinical translation of cell therapies for cardiac regeneration. To this end, reporter gene strategies are promising for monitoring the fate of cells transplanted with or without a delivery biomaterial; however, their application with primary adult progenitor cells (such as human circulating angiogenic cells (CACs)) has not been extensively evaluated. In this study, human CACs were transduced with reporter genes via one of two lentiviral (LV) vectors: LV-GFP-iresTK or LV-Fluc-RFP-tTK. The mean transduction efficiency was 15% (LV-GFP-iresTK) and 13% (LV-Fluc-RFP-tTK) at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 10 and 50, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed HSV1-tk protein expression in transduced CACs. There was no significant difference in viability between the transduced CACs and the untreated controls at a MOI of 50 or below. However, a reduction was observed in cell viability of CACs transduced with LV-Fluc-RFP-tTK at an MOI of 100. Cell migration and angiogenic potential were not affected by transduction protocol. After 4 weeks, 80.3 ± 8.4% of the labeled cells continued to express the reporters and could be visualized when embedded within a collagen matrix scaffold. Therefore, quiescent human CACs can be stably transduced to express reporter genes without affecting their function. This reporter gene technique is a promising approach to be further tested for tracking transplanted CACs (±delivery matrix) non-invasively and longitudinally.
Discounted Markov decision processes via time aggregation

This paper applies two-phase time aggregation to solve discounted Markov decision processes (MDP). This procedure, recently proposed for average cost MDPs, is extended here discounted MDPs with a view at easing the computational burden associated to finding a quality solution within a reasonable time frame. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the results.
FOXG1 Mutation is a Low-Incidence Genetic Cause in Atypical Rett Syndrome

Due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of Rett syndrome, patients with nonclassic phenotypes are classified as an atypical Rett syndrome, that is, preserved speech variant, early seizure variant, and congenital variant. Respectively, MECP2, CDKL5, and FOXG1 have been found to be the causative genes, but FOXG1 variants are the rarest and least studied. We performed mutational analyses for FOXG1 on 11 unrelated patients without MECP2 and CDKL5 mutations, who were diagnosed with atypical Rett syndrome. One patient, who suffered from severe early-onset mental retardation and multiple-type intractable seizures, carried a novel, de novo FOXG1 mutation (p.Gln70Pro). This case concurs with previous studies that have reported yields of ∼10%. FOXG1-related atypical Rett syndrome is rare in Korean population, but screening of this gene in patients with severe mental retardation, microcephaly, and early-onset multiple seizure types without specific genetic causes can help broaden the phenotypic spectrum of the distinct FOXG1-related syndrome.
The polarization of fluorescence of DNA stains depends on the incorporation density of the dye molecules

The fluorescence induced by polarized light sources, such as the lasers that are used in flow cytometry, is often polarized and anisotropic. In addition, most optical detector systems are sensitive to the direction of polarization. These two factors influence the accuracy of fluorescence intensity measurements. The intensity of two light sources can be compared only if all details of the direction and degree of polarization are known. In a previous study, we observed that fluorescence polarization might be modified by dye–dye interactions. This report further investigates the role of dye density in fluorescence polarization anisotropy.
Software Component Re-engineering for their Runtime Structural Adaptation

Adapting software components to be used in a particular application is a crucial issue in software component-based technology. In fact, software components can be used in contexts with characteristics different from those envisaged when designing the component. To deal with this issue, we propose in this paper an approach aiming at adapting a software component structure in order to preserve service continuity. This adaptation, achieved by component fragmentation, allows its structure reconfiguration and its redeployment while preserving its behavior and its services. The structural adaptation process is based on two phases. The first one consists of the component re-engineering in order to introduce runtime adaptation facilities. The second phase, achieved since runtime, aims at reconfiguring the component structure according to the user needs.
Modeling Human Zymogen Factor IX

Summary Modern theoretical techniques are employed to provide complete three dimensional structure for the zymogen and activated forms of human coagulation factors IX and IXa. These structures are fully calcium bound and equilibrated in an electrically neutral aqueous environment. The relationship of structure to mutational data is examined. We find that a substantial relative orientational change of the catalytic domain occurs on activation. Also, we find that the electrostatistically dipolar nature of the catalytic domain is substantially modified upon activation, with cleavage of the negatively charged activation peptide leaving behind a largely hydrophobic face in factor IXa. While the backbone atoms of the catalytic residues have little relative movement, nearby loops are found that do move. The presence or absence of these changes likely defines specificity.
Oncostatin M induces RIG‐I and MDA5 expression and enhances the double‐stranded RNA response in fibroblasts

Interleukin (IL)‐6‐type cytokines have no direct antiviral activity; nevertheless, they display immune‐modulatory functions. Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the IL‐6 family, has recently been shown to induce a distinct number of classical interferon stimulated genes (ISG). Most of them are involved in antigen processing and presentation. However, induction of retinoic acid‐inducible gene (RIG)‐I‐like receptors (RLR) has not been investigated. Here we report that OSM has the capability to induce the expression of the DExD/H‐Box RNA helicases RIG‐I and melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5) as well as of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor (IRF)1, IRF7 and IRF9 in primary fibroblasts. Induction of the helicases depends on tyrosine as well as serine phosphorylation of STAT1. Moreover, we could show that the OSM‐induced STAT1 phosphorylation is predominantly counter‐regulated by a strong STAT3‐dependent SOCS3 induction, as Stat3 as well as Socs3 knock‐down results in an enhanced and prolonged helicase and IRF expression. Other factors involved in regulation of STAT1 or IRF1 activity, like protein tyrosine phosphatase, non‐receptor type 2 (PTPN2), promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) or small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (SUMO1), play a minor role in OSM‐mediated induction of RLR. Remarkably, OSM and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) synergize to mediate transcription of RLR and pre‐treatment of fibroblasts with OSM fosters the type I interferon production in response to a subsequent encounter with double‐stranded RNA. Together, these findings suggest that the OSM‐induced JAK/STAT1 signalling is implicated in virus protection of non‐professional immune cells and may cooperate with interferons to enhance RLR expression in these cells.
UWB radar sensor to monitor heart physiology

Feasibility for noncontact monitoring of major cardiovascular physiology using ultra-wideband radar sensors is studied in computer simulations. A full-wave electromagnetic model of a human chest with a heart of variable blood filling volume is developed. The model is then simulated for several discrete volumes of heart blood filling. Computed subsequent radar returns are modulated by heart motions at different cardiac phases but heavily masked by background scattering. The recorded radar returns are processed using the developed algorithm to extract physiological information that can be linked to ventricle heart blood volume and heart electrical activity associated with ECG.