Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low‐Dose Aldosterone Blockade as a New Treatment Paradigm for Controlling Resistant Hypertension

Treatment of resistant hypertension requires confirmation of true resistance, diagnosis and treatment of secondary causes of hypertension, adoption of appropriate lifestyle modifications, and effective use of multidrug antihypertensive regimens. Excessive volume retention often underlies resistant hypertension, so diuretics are generally necessary to achieve blood pressure (BP) goals. Although treatment regimens consisting of 3 or more agents have not been systematically evaluated, the author has found a triple regimen consisting of a thiazide diuretic, a calcium channel blocker, and an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) to be generally effective and well tolerated. Although hydrochlorothiazide is more widely used, chlorthalidone provides better BP reduction and should be preferentially used in patients with resistant hypertension, particularly if the patient remains uncontrolled on hydrochlorothiazide. Recent studies have demonstrated that low doses of aldosterone antagonists, when added to multi‐drug regimens that include a thiazide diuretic and an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, provide significant additional BP reduction, seemingly exceeding what would be expected with addition of alternative classes of agents. The degree of BP reduction induced by aldosterone blockade has been similar in patients with and without evidence of aldosterone excess. Aldosterone antagonists are generally safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse effect of low‐dose spironolactone has been breast tenderness, occurring in about 10% of men. Hyperkalemia is uncommon, but can occur, necessitating biochemical monitoring. Risk of hyperkalemia is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease or diabetes, elderly patients, and patients already receiving an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.
The Role of Culture in Interpersonal Relationships

Two studies examined the influence of Eastern cultural heritage on relationship preferences among second generation immigrants to the West, and explicitly tested the mediating roles of interdependence and familial cultural influence in mate preferences. The first used a between-subjects approach to compare the preferred mate attributes of South Asian Canadians (n= 97) to those of Euro-Canadians (n= 89). The second study used a within-subject approach by using the strength of cultural identity of South Asian Canadians (n= 92) as a predictor of preferred attributes. Both studies found a culture influence on “traditional” mate attribute preferences. Moreover, familial cultural influence (e.g., family allocentrism) was a better mediator of the culture-traditional attribute preference relationship than the more generic measure of interdependent self-construal. The results further suggest that a cross-cultural approach, rather than a strength-of-culturalidentity approach, is better suited to tap into non-conscious influences of culture on behavior.
When is Statistical Evidence Superior to Anecdotal Evidence in Supporting Probability Claims? The Role of Argument Type

Under certain conditions, statistical evidence is more persuasive than anecdotal evidence in supporting a claim about the probability that a certain event will occur. In three experiments, it is shown that the type of argument is an important condition in this respect. If the evidence is part of an argument by generalization, statistical evidence is more persuasive compared with anecdotal evidence (Experiments 1 and 2). In the case of argument by analogy, statistical and anecdotal evidences are equally persuasive (Experiments 2 and 3). However, if the case in the anecdotal evidence is dissimilar from the case in the claim, statistical evidence is again more persuasive (Experiment 3). The implications of these results for the concept of argument quality are discussed.
Rf measurements of die and packages

RF Measurements of Die and Packages by Scott A. Wartenberg Packages are becoming as small as die, and even printed circuit boards (PCBs) are being patterned for ground-signal-ground (GSG) coplanar waveguide (CPW) probes. Plastic packaged integrated circuits (ICs) are available up to 10 GHz, and even they depend on CPW transitions. CPW probing and modern ICs go hand in hand, and this book provides an excellent overview and reference to both. It is hard to find a modern IC above 10 GHz that is not designed for CPW probing. I can remember when Cascade Microtech launched the first probe station and how rapid a success it became. These days, the field has broadened, and competitors like Picoprobe can deliver custom probes in a matter of days, complete with calibration substrates and error coefficients. Dr. Wartenberg’s book, RF Measurements of Die and Packages, is a timely and useful book. While this book covers a lot of ground, it mainly focuses on CPW probing of die and packages. The book is clearly written, with excellent figures and generally a good set of references. In nine chapters the book takes a tour through radio frequency (RF) test systems, calibration, test fixturing, die measurements, package measurements, test systems, and future trends. Chapter 1 is an introduction that sets up the equipment and methods for RF testing. A great deal of RF measurement has to do with getting signal and bias to the device without deteriorating either, or at least knowing how to correct the deterioration. Appropriately, the second
H2AX a Promising Biomarker for Lung Cancer: A Review

Histone's H2A variant (H2AX) phosphorylation is an early indicator of DNA double-strand breaks formation and DNA damage response. Thus, it may act as a novel biomarker to monitor genotoxic events that can drive cancer development and tumor progression. This review will focus on the possible applications of H2AX as a key regulator of DNA damage response in lung cancer and as a biomarker of: sensitivity of lung tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, treatment with PARP inhibitors, bystander effect, multistep lung carcinogenesis, environmental smoking, and chemical genotoxicity, chemoprevention, prognosis, and also as therapeutic targets in lung cancers.
Women's Relationship to Feminism

The relative importance to feminism of generation and feminist self-labeling was explored in a sample of 667 women riding buses to a 1992 March on Washington for Reproductive Rights. Specifically, generational (Generation X vs. Baby Boomers) and feminist self-labeling (strong feminists vs. weak feminists vs. nonfeminists) similarities and differences were examined in definitions of feminism, associations with the feminist label, feminist attitudes, gender consciousness, and activism. Generation Xers were more generally politically active than Baby Boomers when activism was corrected for age. There were many differences by feminist self-labeling. Weak feminists somewhat identified with the feminist label, endorsing some of the attitudes and outlooks of strong feminists but less of their commitment. Feminist self-labeling was more important in explaining women's relationship to feminism than was generation, implying that exposure to a shared ideology can unite members of a group across generations. Weak feminists may represent a promising group of potential recruits for women's right activist groups. They possess many of the same attitudes as strong feminists and have some sense of the critical analysis necessary to take on the feminist label; however, they may not be quite as far along in their feminist identity development as strong feminists. Education about feminism and provision of a feminist lens might strengthen the commitment of some of these weak feminists.
ChiMerge: Discretization of Numeric Attributes

Many classification algorithms require that the training data contain only discrete attributes. To use such an algorithm when there are numeric attributes, all numeric values must first be converted into discrete values--a process called discretization. This paper describes ChiMerge, a general, robust algorithm that uses the χ2 statistic to discretize (quantize) numeric attributes.
Selective Covalent Conjugation of Phosphorothioate DNA Oligonucleotides with Streptavidin

Protein-DNA conjugates have found numerous applications in the field of diagnostics and nanobiotechnology, however, their intrinsic susceptibility to DNA degradation by nucleases represents a major obstacle for many applications. We here report the selective covalent conjugation of the protein streptavidin (STV) with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (psDNA) containing a terminal alkylthiolgroup as the chemically addressable linking unit, using a heterobifunctional NHS-/maleimide crosslinker. The psDNA-STV conjugates were synthesized in about 10% isolated yields. We demonstrate that the terminal alkylthiol group selectively reacts with the maleimide while the backbone sulfur atoms are not engaged in chemical conjugation. The novel psDNA-STV conjugates retain their binding capabilities for both biotinylated macromolecules and the complementary nucleic acid. Moreover, the psDNA-STV conjugate retained its binding capacity for complementary oligomers even after a nuclease digestion step, which effectively degrades deoxyribonucleotide oligomers and thus the binding capability of regular DNA-STV conjugates. The psDNA-STV therefore hold particular promise for applications e.g. in proteome research and novel biosensing devices, where interfering endogenous nucleic acids need to be removed from analytes by nuclease digestion.
An LMI approach to admissibilization of descriptor systems via state derivative feedback

This paper provides a technique for admissibilization of linear descriptor systems by state derivative feedback. Sufficient conditions are derived for the closed-loop system to be admissible are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). So, these conditions are reliable using numerical computations. An explicit expression of the desired derivative state feedback control law is also given. Finally, numerical examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
An Improved Collaborative Filtering Algorithm Based on User Interest

With the development of personalized services, collaborative filtering techniques have been successfully applied to the network recommendation system. But sparse data seriously affect the performance of collaborative filtering algorithms. To alleviate the impact of data sparseness, using user interest information, an improved user-based clustering Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm is proposed in this paper, which improves the algorithm by two ways: user similarity calculating method and user-item rating matrix extended. The experimental results show that the algorithm could describe the user similarity more accurately and alleviate the impact of data sparseness in collaborative filtering algorithm. Also the results show that it can improve the accuracy of the collaborative recommendation algorithm. Index Terms—collaborative filtering, data sparsity, user similarity, user interest
Spectroscopy of Four Cataclysmic Variables with Periods above 7 Hours

We present spectroscopy of four cataclysmic variables. Using radial velocity measurements, we find orbital periods Porb for the first time: for GY Hya, 0.347230(9) days, for SDSS J204448−045929, 1.68(1) days, for V392 Hya, 0.324952(5) days, and for RX J1951.7+3716, 0.492(1) days. We also detect the spectra of the secondary stars, estimate their spectral types, and derive distances based on surface brightness and Roche lobe constraints.
Prevalence of Trachoma in Niger State, North Central Nigeria: Results of 25 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Carried Out with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in each of the 25 local government areas (LGAs) of Niger State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each Niger State LGA between March and April 2014, as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). GTMP protocols were used in planning and conduct of the surveys. Using probability proportional to size, 25 clusters were selected; in each of these clusters, 25 households were enrolled for the survey. All residents aged 1 year and older were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Additionally, we collected data on household water and sanitation facilities. Results: Only one LGA (Kontagora) had TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds above 10%; one other LGA (Rafi) had TF prevalence between 5.0 and 9.9%. Six LGAs need trichiasis surgical services provided to achieve a prevalence of <1 case of trichiasis per 1000 total population. The proportion of households with access to improved water sources ranged from 23 to 100%, while household-level access to improved latrines ranged from 8 to 100% across the LGAs. Conclusion: The prevalence of trachoma is relatively low in most of Niger State. There is a need for community-based trichiasis surgical services in a small number of LGAs. The trachoma elimination program could engage water and sanitation agencies to augment access to improved water and sanitation facilities, for human rights reasons. Kontagora and Rafi need community-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of active trachoma.
Psigobiografiese ontleding van Christiaan Neethling Barnard se loopbaanontwikkeling

Thesis (MA (Industrial Psychology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2007. %%%%The primary objective of the study was to describe Professor Christiaan Barnard’s career development according to the theoretical model formulated by Greenhaus, Callanan and Godshalk (2000). The research design implemented in the study is a exploratory-descriptive psychobiographical case-study that followed an idiographic-morphogenic research strategy and used qualitative data to present a coherent narrative of Barnard’s career development. During the study biographical and autobiographical data pertaining to Barnard’s career development were collected and analysed. Barnard was selected as psychobiographical subject through a purposive sampling strategy. Barnard was regarded as an appropriate subject for the study because of his extraordinary and pioneering contributions in the context of organ transplants. The study used qualitative data and included both primary (autobiographical material) and secondary data (biographical material). The data collection and data analyses were based on an approach suggested by Yin (2003). This approach uses a theoretical model to determine the relevance of data as well as the nature of data that would facilitate the achievement of the research objective. It is implemented by posing specific questions to the data. The data analysis procedure was based on the approach suggested by Huberman and Miles (1994). Their approach comprises three phases, namely data-reduction, data-display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The researcher ensured ethical standards throughout the study by obtaining Barnard’s consent to conduct the study. The researcher treated personal information with respect, empathy, thoughtfulness and prudence. Only data available in the public domain (published biographical and autobiographical material) were considered during the data analysis phase. Lastly, the researcher attempted to interpret data in a responsible and transparent manner. The analysis of Barnard’s career development according to the theoretical model of Greenhaus et al. (2000) demonstrated the value of the model to accurately describe and interpret the career development of extraordinary individuals.
A New Large-DNA-Fragment Delivery System Based on Integrase Activity from an Integrative and Conjugative Element

During the past few decades, numerous plasmid vectors have been developed for cloning, gene expression analysis, and genetic engineering. Cloning procedures typically rely on PCR amplification, DNA fragment restriction digestion, recovery, and ligation, but increasingly, procedures are being developed to assemble large synthetic DNAs. In this study, we developed a new gene delivery system using the integrase activity of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE). The advantage of the integrase-based delivery is that it can stably introduce a large DNA fragment (at least 75 kb) into one or more specific sites (the gene for glycine-accepting tRNA) on a target chromosome. Integrase recombination activity in Escherichia coli is kept low by using a synthetic hybrid promoter, which, however, is unleashed in the final target host, forcing the integration of the construct. Upon integration, the system is again silenced. Two variants with different genetic features were produced, one in the form of a cloning vector in E. coli and the other as a mini-transposable element by which large DNA constructs assembled in E. coli can be tagged with the integrase gene. We confirmed that the system could successfully introduce cosmid and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNAs from E. coli into the chromosome of Pseudomonas putida in a site-specific manner. The integrase delivery system works in concert with existing vector systems and could thus be a powerful tool for synthetic constructions of new metabolic pathways in a variety of host bacteria.
Self-Reported Sexual Orientation and Earnings: Evidence from California

Researchers using the 1988–96 General Social Survey (GSS) have found that behaviorally gay/bisexual men earn 15–30% less, and behaviorally lesbian/bisexual women earn 20–30% more, than similar heterosexuals. This study uses confidential data on self-reported sexual orientation for 50,000 adults in California in 2001, providing more than five times as many respondents who identify themselves as sexual minorities as does the GSS. Previous approaches are extended by using more complete data on earnings, work effort, and job characteristics. Apart from the well-documented marriage premium, the author finds no statistically or economically significant independent effect of a gay or lesbian sexual orientation on earnings. There is some evidence that bisexual men and women earn less than heterosexuals. Analysis of more recent GSS data (including data from 1998–2000) suggests the findings of previous studies are somewhat sensitive to the time period considered.
Interactions Between Oxygen, Potassium, and Osmolality in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow

The effects of interactions among vasodilator materials on skeletal muscle vascular resistance are reported. The constant blood flow, reservoir perfused dog gracilis muscle was used to examine the effect of potassium, osmolality, and oxygen deficiency, alone and in combination, on resistance to blood flow through this muscle. Although each of these, when used alone, was found to be effective in reducing vascular resistance, the degree of vasodilatation induced did not approach that produced by muscular contraction. When the three were used in combination, however, marked vasodilatation occurred. Thus, for any given oxygen supply relative to demand, the degree and rate of vasodilatation were greater or less depending on the concomitant potassium concentration and level of osmolality. The combination of oxygen deficient blood and increased osmolality produced consistently greater vasodilatation than either one when used alone. Similarly, perfusion with blood that was oxygen deficient and in which osmolality and potassium were increased to physiologically high levels produced greater vasodilatation than the combination of any two of these. These data also revealed that these three combined changes reduced substantially or abolished the increased vascular tone produced by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve stimulation. Since skeletal muscle contraction is associated with reduced oxygen supply relative to demand and increased venous blood osmolality and potassium concentration, these data indicate that oxygen deficiency, potassium, and osmolality interrelate to contribute substantially to the vasodilatation associated with contraction of skeletal muscle.
fMRI of the Conscious Rabbit during Unilateral Classical Eyeblink Conditioning Reveals Bilateral Cerebellar Activation

The relative contributions of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei to delay eyeblink conditioning have been debated and are difficult to survey entirely using typical electrophysiological and lesion techniques. To address these issues, we used single-event functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the conscious rabbit to visualize the entire cerebellum simultaneously during eyeblink conditioning sessions. Examination of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response to a visual conditioning stimulus early in training revealed significant bilateral learning-related increases in the BOLD response in the anterior interpositus nucleus (IPA) and significant bilateral deactivation in hemispheric lobule VI (HVI) of the cerebellar cortex. Later in training, the BOLD response remained bilateral in the cortex and predominantly ipsilateral in the IPA. Conditioning stimulus-alone trials after conditioning revealed that both sides of HVI were affected similarly but that only the ipsilateral interpositus nucleus was activated. These results suggest that both sides of HVI normally influence the side of the IPA being conditioned and illustrate how fMRI can be used to examine multiple brain regions simultaneously in an awake, behaving animal to discover more rapidly the neural substrates of learning and memory.
What We “Say” and What We “Think” About Female Managers

In two studies, we investigated implicit gender stereotypes of successful managers. Using an adaptation of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) named the Successful Manager IAT (SM-IAT) in Study 1, we found that male participants were more likely to implicitly associate men with successful manager traits and women with unsuccessful manager traits compared to reversed pairings. Women, individuals high in internal motivation to respond without sexism, and those low in external motivation to respond without sexism showed positive implicit associations between women and successful manager traits. In contrast, all participants showed positive views of women on workplace-contextualized explicit measures of gender stereotypes. The findings of Study 2 also revealed that implicit gender stereotypes predicted hypothetical workplace outcomes, such that a greater implicit association of men with successful manager traits, and women with unsuccessful manager traits, was linked to increased workplace rewards assigned to male managers by both male and female participants. The findings of our studies have important implications for both gender stereotyping researchers and workplace practitioners. Theoretically, our studies suggest that explicit and implicit stereotypes of female managers diverge, with implicit stereotypes being more likely to highlight traditional, often negative, views of female managers. Our findings point toward a better understanding of female managers' challenges in the workplace.
Obedience, Conformity, and Social Roles: Active Learning in a Large Introductory Psychology Class

Sixty-five undergraduates participated in a small-group activity designed to help them apply the findings from classic studies of conformity, obedience, and social roles. Students designed and demonstrated a study to illustrate the influence of obedience, conformity, or social roles in a real-life context. Each group generated 3 variables and described how each variable might moderate the power of social influence in their situation. Evaluation indicated that most students found the activity enjoyable and helpful for understanding the role of social influence in their daily lives. Students preferred the activity to a lecture and recommended using the activity again in future introductory psychology classes.