Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segment Hough Transform -- a Novel Hough-based Algorithm for Curve Detection

A new Hough-based algorithm termed segment Hough transform (SHT) is proposed to detect the curve in the binary image. The segment-transform, which is the main idea of the novel approach, makes the curve detection very efficient. Thanks to the chain code termed angle chain code (ACC) as well as the modified direction measurement, the segmentation operation is also considerably fast and precise. Compared with the conventional Hough transform (CHT), our algorithm is dramatically faster (by over 20 times) And when the background is complex, the SHT is about four times faster than the random Hough transform (RHT), Furthermore, the proposed algorithm inherits the high robustness from CHT. In some situations, it is even more accurate. We implement the novel algorithm in an embedded system to estimate passengers flow on the bus. The detection rate is over 95% which indicates it is quite suitable for real-time application.
The hydraulics of an evolving upwelling jet flowing around a Cape

Upwelling jets flow alongshore in approximate geostrophic balance with the onshore pressure gradient induced by coastal upwelling. Observations of such jets have shown that they often move offshore downstream of capes, leaving a pool of upwelled water inshore. Comparisons are made between this behavior and the hydraulic transition of a potential-vorticity-conserving coastal current as it passes a topographic anomaly at which it is exactly critical to long coastal-trapped waves. An analytic 1.5-layer model of coastal hydraulics with constant potential vorticity in each layer predicts flow fields (i.e., jet separation) in critical situations that resemble observations. When scales approximate Cape Blanco on the Oregon coast, separation occurs at a jet transport of around 0.76 3 106 m3 s21, similar to observed transports. Time-dependent, semigeostrophic calculations suggest that, during an upwelling season, the jet would evolve from a weak flow, which was subcritical everywhere and symmetric about the cape, to an exactly critical state that made a transition from subcritical to supercritical structure at the head of the cape. The predicted flow field at critical transition consists of a narrow upwelling jet upstream of the cape that moves offshore and broadens at the cape. This critical state would be accompanied by a downstream jump back to subcritical conditions. Further upwelling-favorable winds would lead to transient waves that propagated upstream and downstream, modifying the upstream and downstream conditions and restoring criticality. Thus, the head of the cape exerts hydraulic control on the flow and prevents the jet transport from increasing above its critical level. Inherent in the hydraulic approach is the assumption that alongshore scales are large. For realistic alongshore scales, solutions modified by coastline curvature suggest that the convexity of the head of a cape slightly inhibits the transition to a strongly upwelled downstream state by increasing the required critical transport. In the presence of topographic features with finite alongshore scale, the hydraulic approach can be used to construct a flow field, although this flow field has an inherent error arising from the implicit assumptions regarding scales. Estimation of this error for topography representing Cape Blanco suggests that in places the cape is rather abrupt for hydraulic theory to be valid.
A Precise Visual Method for Narrow Butt Detection in Specular Reflection Workpiece Welding

During the complex path workpiece welding, it is important to keep the welding torch aligned with the groove center using a visual seam detection method, so that the deviation between the torch and the groove can be corrected automatically. However, when detecting the narrow butt of a specular reflection workpiece, the existing methods may fail because of the extremely small groove width and the poor imaging quality. This paper proposes a novel detection method to solve these issues. We design a uniform surface light source to get high signal-to-noise ratio images against the specular reflection effect, and a double-line laser light source is used to obtain the workpiece surface equation relative to the torch. Two light sources are switched on alternately and the camera is synchronized to capture images when each light is on; then the position and pose between the torch and the groove can be obtained nearly at the same time. Experimental results show that our method can detect the groove effectively and efficiently during the welding process. The image resolution is 12.5 μm and the processing time is less than 10 ms per frame. This indicates our method can be applied to real-time narrow butt detection during high-speed welding process.
A SURVEY OF S ENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES USED FOR I NDIAN REGIONAL LANGUAGES

A BSTRACT Sentiment Analysis is a natural language processing task that extracts sentiment from various text forms and classifies them according to positive, negative or neutral polarity. It analyzes emotions, feelings, and the attitude of a speaker or a writer towards a context. This paper gives comparative study of various sentiment classification techniques and also discusses in detail two main categories of sentiment classification techniques these are machine based and lexicon based. The paper also presents challenges associated with sentiment analysis along with lexical resources available.
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases.

BACKGROUND People with neurological disease have a much higher risk of both faecal incontinence and constipation than the general population. There is often a fine dividing line between the two conditions, with any management intended to ameliorate, one risking precipitating the other. Bowel problems are observed to be the cause of much anxiety and may reduce quality of life in these people. Current bowel management is largely empirical with a limited research base. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of management strategies for faecal incontinence and constipation in people with neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE and all reference lists of relevant articles. Date of the most recent searches: May 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating any types of conservative, or surgical measure for the management of faecal incontinence and constipation in people with neurological diseases were selected. Specific therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases that indirectly affect bowel dysfunction have also been considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All three reviewers assessed the methodological quality of eligible trials and two reviewers independently extracted data from included trials using a range of pre-specified outcome measures. MAIN RESULTS Only seven trials were identified by the search strategy and all were small and of poor quality. Oral medications for constipation were the subject of four trials. Cisapride does not seem to have clinically useful effects in people with spinal cord injuries (two trials). Psyllium was associated with increased stool frequency in people with Parkinson's disease but not altered colonic transit time (one trial). Some rectal preparations to initiate defecation produced faster results than others (one trial). Different time schedules for administration of rectal medication may produce different bowel responses (one trial). Mechanical evacuation may be more effective than oral or rectal medication (one trial). The clinical significance of any of these results is difficult to interpret. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS It is not possible to draw any recommendation for bowel care in people with neurological diseases from the trials included in this review. Bowel management for these people must remain empirical until well-designed controlled trials with adequate numbers and clinically relevant outcome measures become available.
Effect of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery on Patients’ Quality of Life

Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery is a common technique used to control the incidence of myocardial ischemia and to increase the lifespan of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). There is still considerable controversy about effect of OPCAB on patients’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of OPCAB on different aspects of the patients’ quality of life. Methods A total of 190 patients who underwent elective OPCAB surgery at Afshar Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from October 2012 through April 2013 participated in the study. Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire was used in structured interviews before and 3 months after the OPCAB surgery. Independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results Quality of life from the aspect of pain (P = 0.014), energy (P = 0.001), emotional reaction (P < 0.001), social isolation (P = 0.002) and physical activity (P = 0.005) were significantly different, but there was no significant difference in sleep between men and women (P = 0.06). Women achieved a better quality of life 3 months after OPCAB surgery (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in patients’ quality of life in terms of their ejection fraction (P = 0.06). There was no significant difference in patients’ quality of life in terms of their New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class score (P = 0.57). Patients’ quality of life scores before OPCAB surgery and 3 months after the surgery showed no significant difference after adjusting for history of myocardial infarction (P = 0.82), hyperlipoproteinemia (P = 0.38), cigarette addiction (P = 0.2), hypertension (P = 0.7) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.15). Conclusion Most aspects of patients’ quality of life were better after OPCAB surgery. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study was that women’s quality of life was better than men’s after OPCAB surgery. Since CAD is prevalent and OPCAB is one way to treat and manage this disease, patients’ quality of life can be improved if they are managed appropriately after OPCAB surgery (especially for men).
Discrete labels and rich foci in theory of evidence

Evidence theory allows to build a large family of combination operators, based mostly on intersections and unions between the focal elements expressed by the experts, and multiplications and additions on the masses affected to these focal elements. We explore algebraic structures where these operators behave differently, masses being linguistic labels, or focal elements being more, or less, than an union of singletons of a discernment space. In some cases, we have to forget this space and the notion of singleton to place ourselves in the space of possible focal elements. We propose three new structures for linguistic labels, replacing masses. We show how to adapt the theory of evidence to six constrained spaces for the focal elements expressed by the experts.
A 2.8Gb/s All-Digital CDR with a 10b Monotonic DCO

A 2.8Gb/s all-digital CDR uses a 10b glitch-free DCO which provides a 0.2 to 0.3% frequency tuning step to reduce the quantization effect. The CDR achieves 7.2psrms jitter at 2.5Gb/s and it operates from a 0.9 to 1.2V supply. The circuit occupies 300 times 430mum2 in a 0.13mum CMOS process and dissipates 13.2mW from a 1.2V supply when operating at 2.5Gb/s.
A first look at cellular machine-to-machine traffic: large scale measurement and characterization

Cellular network based Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is fast becoming a market-changing force for a wide spectrum of businesses and applications such as telematics, smart metering, point-of-sale terminals, and home security and automation systems. In this paper, we aim to answer the following important question: Does traffic generated by M2M devices impose new requirements and challenges for cellular network design and management? To answer this question, we take a first look at the characteristics of M2M traffic and compare it with traditional smartphone traffic. We have conducted our measurement analysis using a week-long traffic trace collected from a tier-1 cellular network in the United States. We characterize M2M traffic from a wide range of perspectives, including temporal dynamics, device mobility, application usage, and network performance. Our experimental results show that M2M traffic exhibits significantly different patterns than smartphone traffic in multiple aspects. For instance, M2M devices have a much larger ratio of uplink to downlink traffic volume, their traffic typically exhibits different diurnal patterns, they are more likely to generate synchronized traffic resulting in bursty aggregate traffic volumes, and are less mobile compared to smartphones. On the other hand, we also find that M2M devices are generally competing with smartphones for network resources in co-located geographical regions. These and other findings suggest that better protocol design, more careful spectrum allocation, and modified pricing schemes may be needed to accommodate the rise of M2M devices.
Design and implementation of a robot control system using a unified hardware-software rapid-prototyping framework

The application of a unified framework for the rapid prototyping of hardware and software for application-specific systems to the development of a real-time multisensor robot control system is described. The key features of the computer-aided system design methodology offered by this framework are exemplified through this system. The system controls, in real-time, a six-degree-of-freedom articulated robot arm using position, force and proximity sensing. Another key aspect of the robot control system is the extensive use of special-purpose dedicated hardware, which provides better performance than systems that are largely based on general-purpose computers. <<ETX>>
The cardioprotective effects of parathyroid hormone are independent of endogenous granulocyte-colony stimulating factor release.

AIMS Parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration after myocardial infarction (MI) is known to attenuate ischaemic cardiomyopathy. This effect mainly resulted from an increase in mobilization and homing of CD34+/CD45+ cells into the ischaemic myocardium. PTH-related stem cell mobilization was shown to be related to endogenous granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) release. The aim of our study is to determine the role of G-CSF on the cardioprotective effects of PTH. METHODS AND RESULTS G-CSF +/+ (C57BL/6) and G-CSF -/- mice were treated with PTH for 6 days after inducing a MI. The myocardial homing factor stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was analysed on day 2 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stem cell populations in peripheral blood and hearts were examined by FACS on days 6 and 2, respectively. Cardiac function and immunohistochemistry were investigated on day 6 and day 30. PTH treatment resulted in a significant increase in CD45+/CD34+ cells in peripheral blood in G-CSF +/+ but not in G-CSF -/- mice. However, a significant increase in SDF-1 and enhanced migration of CD45+/CD34+ cells into the ischaemic myocardium was revealed after PTH administration in both G-CSF +/+ and G-CSF -/- mice. Enhanced stem cell homing was associated with improved cardiac function and post-MI survival after PTH treatment. Furthermore, infarct size, wall thickness, and neovascularization showed a significant improvement in both groups 30 days after MI. CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effects of PTH were shown to be independent of endogenous G-CSF release and therefore from stem cell mobilization. This puts more emphasis on the role of stem cell homing into ischaemic myocardium.
Breast carcinoma in women over the age of 85: distinct histological pattern and androgen, oestrogen, and progesterone receptor status

Aims: The pathogenesis of breast carcinoma in very elderly women is of interest, because oestrogen levels are likely to be extremely low during the development of the disease. In an effort to understand the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma in these women, this study was undertaken to compare the histological patterns and hormone receptor status of breast carcinomas arising in very elderly and younger women.
Simulation techniques in hyperthermia treatment planning

Abstract Clinical trials have shown that hyperthermia (HT), i.e. an increase of tissue temperature to 39–44 °C, significantly enhance radiotherapy and chemotherapy effectiveness [1]. Driven by the developments in computational techniques and computing power, personalised hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) has matured and has become a powerful tool for optimising treatment quality. Electromagnetic, ultrasound, and thermal simulations using realistic clinical set-ups are now being performed to achieve patient-specific treatment optimisation. In addition, extensive studies aimed to properly implement novel HT tools and techniques, and to assess the quality of HT, are becoming more common. In this paper, we review the simulation tools and techniques developed for clinical hyperthermia, and evaluate their current status on the path from ‘model’ to ‘clinic’. In addition, we illustrate the major techniques employed for validation and optimisation. HTP has become an essential tool for improvement, control, and assessment of HT treatment quality. As such, it plays a pivotal role in the quest to establish HT as an efficacious addition to multi-modality treatment of cancer.
Relevant and invariant feature selection of hyperspectral images for domain generalization

This paper presents a novel feature selection method for the analysis of hyperspectral images. The proposed method aims at selecting a subset of the original features that are both 1) relevant for the considered problem (i.e., preserve the functional relationship between input and output variables), and 2) invariant (stable) across different domains (i.e., minimize the data set shift among different domains). Domains can be associated with images collected on different areas or on the same area at different times. We propose a novel measure of domain stability, which evaluates the distance of the conditional distributions between the source and target domain. Such a measure is defined on the basis of kernel embeddings of conditional distributions and can be applied to both classification and regression problems. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in selecting features with high generalization capabilities on the target domain.
Reduced voltage sensitivity in a K+-channel voltage sensor by electric field remodeling

Propagation of the nerve impulse relies on the extreme voltage sensitivity of Na+ and K+ channels. The transmembrane movement of four arginine residues, located at the fourth transmembrane segment (S4), in each of their four voltage-sensing domains is mostly responsible for the translocation of 12 to 13 eo across the transmembrane electric field. Inserting additional positively charged residues between the voltage-sensing arginines in S4 would, in principle, increase voltage sensitivity. Here we show that either positively or negatively charged residues added between the two most external sensing arginines of S4 decreased voltage sensitivity of a Shaker voltage-gated K+-channel by up to ≈50%. The replacement of Val363 with a charged residue displaced inwardly the external boundaries of the electric field by at least 6 Å, leaving the most external arginine of S4 constitutively exposed to the extracellular space and permanently excluded from the electric field. Both the physical trajectory of S4 and its electromechanical coupling to open the pore gate seemed unchanged. We propose that the separation between the first two sensing charges at resting is comparable to the thickness of the low dielectric transmembrane barrier they must cross. Thus, at most a single sensing arginine side chain could be found within the field. The conserved hydrophobic nature of the residues located between the voltage-sensing arginines in S4 may shape the electric field geometry for optimal voltage sensitivity in voltage-gated ion channels.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Decision Tree Induction Algorithm

--Today Fraud is increasing all over the world, resulting in the vast financial losses. Chip and pin are developed for credit card systems, through fraud prevention mechanisms and these mechanisms do not prevent the most common fraud types such as fraudulent credit card usages over virtual POS (Point Of Sale) terminals or mail orders so known as an online credit card fraud. So as a result, fraud detection becomes the important tool and possibly the best way to stop such types of fraud. A new cost-sensitive decision tree approach which reduces the sum of misclassification costs while selecting the splitting attribute at each non-terminal node is advanced and the act of this approach is compared with the well-known traditional classification models on a real world credit card data set. The data mining layers prevent fraudsters to attack and improve a safe transaction. This research is totally concerned with credit card application fraud detection by performing the process of asking security queries to the persons intricate with the transactions and as well as by eliminating real time data faults.
Algorithms and Adaptivity Gaps for Stochastic Probing

A stochastic probing problem consists of a set of elements whose values are independent random variables. The algorithm knows the distributions of these variables, but not the actual outcomes. The only way to learn the actual outcomes is to probe these elements. However, there are constraints on which set of elements may be probed. (E.g., we may have to travel in some metric to probe elements but have limited time.) These constraints are called outer constraints. We want to develop an algorithm that picks some set of elements to maximize the (expected) value, subject to the picked subset of elements satisfying some other set of constraints, called the inner constraints. In the past, probing problems were studied for the case when both inner and outer constraints were intersections of matroids; these modeled kidney matching and Bayesian auctions applications. One limitation of past work was their reliance on linear-programming-like techniques, which made going beyond matroid-like structures difficult. In this work, we give a very general adaptivity gap result that holds for all prefix-closed outer constraints, as long as the inner constraints are intersections of matroids. The adaptivity gap is O(log n) for any constant number of inner matroid constraints. The prefix-closedness captures most "reasonable" outer constraints, like orienteering, connectivity, and precedence. Based on this we obtain the first approximation algorithms for a number of stochastic probing problems, which have applications, e.g., to path-planning and precedence-constrained scheduling.
Cascade lattice IIR adaptive filter structure using simultaneous perturbation method for self-adjusting SHARF algorithm

The infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems. The systems with this property are known as the IIR system. A new IIR adaptive filter algorithm has been proposed which is constructed as a cascade of transversal structure as well as all pole lattice structure. The filter structure is adapted using the simple hyperstable adaptive recursive filter (SHARF) algorithm in which the transversal and lattice sections are updated using the simultaneous perturbation method. In this paper, the SHARF algorithm is investigated using strictly positive real (SPR) transfer functions designed without any prior knowledge of the filter parameters by the pole-zero placement on the unit circle. The proposed algorithm preserves the stability of the IIR adaptive filter during the adaptation with lower computational complexity and cost than conventional algorithms. The simulation results show the desirable features of the proposed scheme.