Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instabilities, pattern formation and mixing in active suspensions

Suspensions of self-propelled particles, such as swimming micro-organisms, are known to undergo complex dynamics as a result of hydrodynamic interactions. To elucidate these dynamics, a kinetic theory is developed and applied to study the linear stability and the nonlinear pattern formation in these systems. The evolution of a suspension of self-propelled particles is modeled using a conservation equation for the particle configurations, coupled to a mean-field description of the flow arising from the stress exerted by the particles on the fluid. Based on this model, we first investigate the stability of both aligned and isotropic suspensions. In aligned suspensions, an instability is shown to always occur at finite wavelengths, a result that extends previous predictions by Simha and Ramaswamy [“Hydrodynamic fluctuations and instabilities in ordered suspensions of self-propelled particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 058101 (2002)]. In isotropic suspensions, we demonstrate the existence of an instability for th.
LAPTM4B is a PtdIns(4,5)P2 effector that regulates EGFR signaling, lysosomal sorting, and degradation

Lysosomal degradation is essential for the termination of EGF‐stimulated EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling. This requires EGFR sorting to the intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multi‐vesicular endosomes (MVEs). Cytosolic proteins including the ESCRT machineries are key regulators of EGFR intraluminal sorting, but roles for endosomal transmembrane proteins in receptor sorting are poorly defined. Here, we show that LAPTM4B, an endosomal transmembrane oncoprotein, inhibits EGF‐induced EGFR intraluminal sorting and lysosomal degradation, leading to enhanced and prolonged EGFR signaling. LAPTM4B blocks EGFR sorting by promoting ubiquitination of Hrs (an ESCRT‐0 subunit), which inhibits the Hrs association with ubiquitinated EGFR. This is counteracted by the endosomal PIP kinase, PIPKIγi5, which directly binds LAPTM4B and neutralizes the inhibitory function of LAPTM4B in EGFR sorting by generating PtdIns(4,5)P2 and recruiting SNX5. PtdIns(4,5)P2 and SNX5 function together to protect Hrs from ubiquitination, thereby promoting EGFR intraluminal sorting. These results reveal an essential layer of EGFR trafficking regulated by LAPTM4B, PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling, and the ESCRT complex and define a mechanism by which the oncoprotein LAPTM4B can transform cells and promote tumor progression.
Concepts of a Data Independent Accessing Model

The Data Independent Accessing Model (DIAM) represents a constructive combination of the formal mathematical and the evolutionary pragmatic approaches to a Generalized Data Base Management System. It aims at a complete separation between the user's (application programmer's) model of real-world objects, events, and the relationships among them, and the internal representation of those objects, events, and relationships. At the same time, it aims at complete flexibility of internal representation in terms of simple specifications, the effects of which are easy to understand. The DIAM encompasses four levels of descriptive models (Figure 1), each providing for flexible augmentation of the descriptions of the preceding level. Specifications at each level are retained in a catalog.
Prion protein ablation increases cellular aggregation and embolization contributing to mechanisms of metastasis

Cellular Prion Protein (PrPC) is a cell surface protein highly expressed in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent in other tissues. PrPC binds to the extracellular matrix laminin and vitronectin, to mediate cell adhesion and differentiation. Herein, we investigate how PrPC expression modulates the aggressiveness of transformed cells. Mesenchymal embryonic cells (MEC) from wild‐type (Prnp+/+) and PrPC‐null (Prnp0/0) mice were immortalized and transformed by co‐expression of ras and myc. These cells presented similar growth rates and tumor formation in vivo. When injected in the tail vein, Prnp0/0ras/myc cells exhibited increased lung colonization compared with Prnp+/+ras/myc cells. Additionally, Prnp0/0ras/myc cells form more aggregates with blood components than Prnp+/+ras/myc cells, facilitating the arrest of Prnp0/0ras/myc cells in the lung vasculature. Integrin αvβ3 is more expressed and activated in MEC and in transformed Prnp0/0 cells than in the respective Prnp+/+ cells. The blocking of integrin αvβ3 by RGD peptide reduces lung colonization in transformed Prnp0/0 cells to similar levels of those presented by transformed Prnp+/+ cells. Our data indicate that PrPC negatively modulates the expression and activation of integrin αvβ3 resulting in a more aggressive phenotype. These results indicate that PrPC may have main implications in modulating metastasis formation. © 2009 UICC
Is Quality More Important if You're Quirky? A Review of the Literature on Differential Susceptibility to Childcare Environments

EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE IMPACT of child care on child development suggests that higher-quality environments, particularly those that are more responsive, predict more favourable social and behavioural outcomes. However, the extent of this effect is not as great as might be expected. Impacts on child outcomes are, at best, modest. One recent explanation emerging from a new theoretical perspective of development, differential susceptibility theory, is that a minority of children are more reactive to both positive and negative environments, while the majority are relatively unaffected. These ‘quirky’ children have temperamental traits that are more extreme, and are often described in research studies as having ‘difficult temperaments’. This paper reviews the literature on such children and argues for the need for further research to identify components of childcare environments that optimise the potential of these more sensitive, quirky individuals.
Are South Africa's water service delivery policies and strategies equitable, accessible, affordable, efficient, effective and sustainable for Msunduzi low-income households?

Are South Africa's water service delivery policies and strategies equitable, accessible, affordable, efficient, effective and sustainable for Msunduzi low-income households? The primary objective of this study was to elicit the community experience of South Africa's water service delivery policies and strategies and link these experiences to a broader analysis of policy and strategy to locate water service delivery contraventions, inconsistencies and inadequacies. The secondary objective was to initiate communitybased platforms for engagement with water-related issues and build capacity within local community task teams to initiate lobbying and advocacy strategies to support community-suggested and research-outcome reforms thereby returning popular control to the locus ofcommunities. The study was conducted in Kwa-Zulu Natal, within the Msunduzi municipal jurisdiction, under the uMgungundloYU district municipality (DC22) in the period from October 2002-ApriI2003. Households in five low-income urban areas were included in the study: Imbali (units 1 and 2), Sobantu, Haniville and Thembalihle. The study employed a community action research design usmg non-probability sampling. Surveys, conducted by community researchers, were complemented by broad community engagement approaches, informal interviews with external stakeholders and the initiation ofplatforms for information sharing and fundamental debate. The study revealed two significant findings. The first finding found that South Africa's water service delivery policies, strategies and implementation mechanisms were inconsistent with the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry's sector goals of equity, affordability, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability. They contained serious
Successful Transmission of a Retrovirus Depends on the Commensal Microbiota

Commensal microflora promote the pathogenesis of mucosally acquired viruses. To establish chronic infections, viruses must develop strategies to evade the host’s immune responses. Many retroviruses, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), are transmitted most efficiently through mucosal surfaces rich in microbiota. We found that MMTV, when ingested by newborn mice, stimulates a state of unresponsiveness toward viral antigens. This process required the intestinal microbiota, as antibiotic-treated mice or germ-free mice did not transmit infectious virus to their offspring. MMTV-bound bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggered Toll-like receptor 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 (IL-6)–dependent induction of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10. Thus, MMTV has evolved to rely on the interaction with the microbiota to induce an immune evasion pathway. Together, these findings reveal the fundamental importance of commensal microbiota in viral infections.
Implementasi Opinion Mining (Analisis Sentimen) Untuk Ekstraksi Data Opini Publik Pada Perguruan Tinggi

Sentiment analysis atau opinion mining merupakan topik riset yang penting dan sedang marak dilakukan saat ini. Opinion mining merupakan cabang penelitian dari text mining. Fokus dari opinion mining adalah melakukan analisis opini dari suatu dokumen teks. Terdapat tiga buah subproses dari opinion mining yaitu, document subjectivity, opinion orientation dan target detection. Dalam dunia bisnis, opinion mining banyak digunakan untuk menganalisis secara otomatis opini pelanggan tentang produk dan pelayanannya. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sistem opinion mining untuk menganalisis opini publik pada perguruan tinggi. Pada subproses document subjectivity dan target detection digunakan Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging menggunakan Hidden Makov Model (HMM). Pada hasil proses POS Tagging kemudian diterapkan rule untuk mengetahui apakah suatu dokumen termasuk opini atau bukan, serta untuk mengetahui bagian kalimat mana yang merupakan objek yang menjadi target opini. Dokumen yang dikenali sebagai opini selanjutnya diklasifikasikan ke dalam opini negatif dan positif (subproses opinion orientation) menggunakan Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC). Dari pengujian didapatkan nilai precission dan recall untuk subproses document subjectivity adalah 0.99 dan 0.88, untuk subproses target detection adalah 0.92 dan 0.93, serta untuk subproses opinion orientation adalah 0.95 dan 0.94. Kata Kunci—Analisis Sentimen, Opinion Mining, POS Tagging, Hidden Markov Model, Naive Bayes Classifier.
Enhanced waveform interpolative coding at 4 kbps

This paper presents an enhanced waveform interpolative (EWI) speech coder at 4 kbps. The system incorporates novel features such as analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) vector-quantization (VQ) of the dispersion-phase, AbS optimization of the slowly evolving waveform (SEW), a special pitch search for transitions, and switched-predictive analysis-by-synthesis gain VQ. Subjective quality tests indicate that it exceeds that of MPEG-4 at 4 kbps and of G.723. 1 at 5.3 kbps, and it is slightly better than that of G.723. 1 at 6.3 kbps.
A note on semi-discrete modelling in the life sciences

Semi-discrete models are a particular class of hybrid dynamical systems that undergo continuous dynamics most of the time but repeatedly experience discrete changes at some given moments. In the life sciences, since the first semi-discrete model was derived to describe population dynamics by Beverton & Holt (Beverton & Holt 1957 In Fisheries investigations, series 2, vol. 19), a large body of literature has been concerned with such modelling approaches. The aim of the present contribution is twofold. On the one hand, it provides a comprehensive introduction to semi-discrete modelling through two illustrative examples: the classical work by Beverton and Holt is recalled and an original example on immigration in a population model affected by a strong Allee effect is worked out. On the other hand, a short overview of the different applications of semi-discrete models in the life sciences is proposed.
Vesicular apparatus, including functional calcium channels, are present in developing rodent optic nerve axons and are required for normal node of Ranvier formation

P/Q‐type calcium channels are known to form clusters at the presynaptic membrane where they mediate calcium influx, triggering vesicle fusion. We now report functional P/Q channel clusters in the axolemma of developing central axons that are also associated with sites of vesicle fusion. These channels were activated by axonal action potentials and the resulting calcium influx is well suited to mediate formation of a synaptic style SNARE complex involving SNAP‐25, that we show to be located on the axolemma. Vesicular elements within axons were found to be the sole repository of vesicular glutamate in developing white matter. The axonal vesicular elements expressed the glutamate transporter V‐ATPase, which is responsible for vesicular glutamate loading. The P/Q channel α1A subunit was found to be present within the axolemma at early nodes of Ranvier and deleterious mutations of the α1A subunit, or an associated α2δ‐2 subunit, disrupted the localization of nodal proteins such as voltage‐gated sodium channels, β IV spectrin and CASPR‐1. This was associated with the presence of malformed nodes of Ranvier characterized by an accumulation of axoplasmic vesicles under the nodal membrane. The data are consistent with the presence of a vesicular signalling pathway between axons and glial cells that is essential for proper development of the node of Ranvier.
Protective Effect of the Fruit Hull of Gleditsia sinensis on LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Is Associated with Nrf2 Activation

The fruit hull of Gleditsia sinensis (FGS) has been prescribed as a traditional eastern Asian medicinal remedy for the treatment of various respiratory diseases, but the efficacy and underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we explored a potential usage of FGS for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), a highly fatal inflammatory lung disease that urgently needs effective therapeutics, and investigated a mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of FGS. Pretreatment of C57BL/6 mice with FGS significantly attenuated LPS-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation compared to sham-treated, inflamed mice. Reporter assays, semiquantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses show that while not affecting NF-κB, FGS activated Nrf2 and expressed Nrf2-regulated genes including GCLC, NQO-1, and HO-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with FGS enhanced the expression of GCLC and HO-1 but suppressed that of proinflammatory cytokines in including TNF-α and IL-1β in the inflamed lungs. These results suggest that FGS effectively suppresses neutrophilic lung inflammation, which can be associated with, at least in part, FGS-activating anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2. Our results suggest that FGS can be developed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of ALI.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of image‐guided enema reduction techniques for paediatric intussusception: A review of the literature

There is variable international practice regarding the technique used for image‐guided enema reduction in paediatric intussusception. A recent meta‐analysis found pneumatic reduction to be more effective than hydrostatic techniques. Clinical practice variation may impact on perforation rates, ionizing radiation exposure and requirement for surgery. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopically guided pneumatic reduction (FGPR) compared to ultrasound (US) guided intussusception reduction (USGIR) techniques for paediatric intussusception treatment. Articles were identified by searching OVID Medline on 21/02/14 and by scanning retrieved articles reference lists. The search was repeated on 30/09/15. Systematic reviews (SR) were appraised with the PRISMA critical appraisal tool. Primary studies underwent a separate critical appraisal process. Successful reductions and perforations per attempt were calculated for each study. Pooled estimates of proportions were calculated for each of these dichotomous outcomes. A SR and 42 primary studies were included in the review. No randomised control trial (RCT) study was included. Non‐randomised comparative studies and non‐comparative studies suggest that hydrostatic reduction under US control has a similar efficacy and safety profile to pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopic control, but USGIR data are dominated by a single large, non‐comparative study performed in China. US‐guided intussusception reduction should be considered an alternative to FGPR as it has similar efficacy and safety, and affords no ionised radiation exposure. However, RCT data are required to inform practice.
A Simple Flip-Flop Circuit for Typical-Case Designs for DFM

The deep submicron (DSM) semiconductor technologies make the worst-case design impossible, since they can not provide design margins that it requires. Research directions should go to typical-case design methodologies, where designers are focusing on typical cases rather than worrying about very rare worst cases. In this paper, canary logic is proposed as a promising technique that enables the typical-case design. It is easier to design than the previously proposed Razor logic by eliminating delayed clock. Estimates based on gate-level simulations show that the canary logic achieves average power reduction of 30% by exploiting dynamic variations in circuit delay
Discovery of New Uncompetitive Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the first step of the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, which provides cells with NADPH, an essential cofactor for many biosynthetic pathways and antioxidizing enzymes. In Trypanosoma cruzi, the G6PDH has being pursued as a relevant target for the development of new drugs against Chagas disease. At present, the best characterized inhibitors of T. cruzi G6PDH are steroidal halogenated compounds derivatives from the mammalian hormone precursor dehydroepiandrosterone, which indeed are also good inhibitors of the human homologue enzyme. The lack of target selectivity might result in hemolytic side effects due to partial inhibition of human G6PDH in red blood cells. Moreover, the treatment of Chagas patients with steroidal drugs might also cause undesired androgenic side effects. Aiming to identify of new chemical classes of T. cruzi G6PDH inhibitors, we performed a target-based high-throughput screen campaign against a commercial library of diverse compounds. Novel TcG6PDH inhibitors were identified among thienopyrimidine and quinazolinone derivatives. Preliminary structure activity relationships for the identified hits are presented, including structural features that contribute for selectivity toward the parasite enzyme. Our results indicate that quinazolinones are promising hits that should be considered for further optimization.
A Content Analysis of Youth Sexual Health Websites: Exploring their Relevance and Accessibility for Youth with Disabilities

Because web-based campaigns are an important part of health promotion campaigns for youth, this research examines sexual health websites aimed at youth and explores the messages on HIV/AIDS for their relevance and accessibility for youth with disabilities. The researchers’ underlying understanding of disability is that it is socially constructed and that people with disabilities experience social exclusion. We used a directed content analysis method to analyze 21 websites that met our inclusion criteria based on our indicators of accessibility and relevance and for their key messages. We found that the messaging across all sites was highly consistent: sex-positive, gay-positive, and non-judgmental about youth sexual expression. However, none of the prevention information specifically considered mobility, verbal and cognitive disability, participation and information barriers faced by youth with disabilities, or their heightened sexual vulnerability. Only one site depicted disability in images and none depicted disability and sexuality. There is a clear need to better understand the sexual health information needs of youth with disabilities and to develop safe sex information that is relevant and accessible to them.
Dynamical Systems Approaches to Cognition

Think of a little boy playing in the playground, climbing up on ladders, balancing on beams, jumping, running, catching other kids. Or think of a girl who prepares to draw a picture, finding and setting up her painting utensils, dipping the brush in water, carefully wiping it off, whipping up the water paint of the selected color with small circular movements, the brush just touching the pad of paint. When she actually paints, she makes a sequence of brush strokes to sketch a house. Clearly, both scenes involve lots of cognition. The ongoing, complex behaviors of the two children are certainly not simple reflexes, nor fixed action patterns elicited by key stimuli, nor strictly dictated by stimulus–response relationships. Hallmarks of cognition are visible: selection, sequence generation, working memory. And yet, what makes these daily life activities most intriguing is how seamlessly the fine and gross motor control is tuned to the environment; how sensory information is actively sought by looking around, searching, establishing reference; and how seamlessly the flow of activities moves forward. No artificial system has ever achieved even remotely comparable behavior. Although computer programs may play chess at grand master level, their ability to generate smooth flows of motor actions in natural environments remains extremely limited. Clearly, cognition takes place when organisms with bodies and sensory systems are situated in structured environments, to which they bring their individual behavioral history and to which they quickly adjust. There is a strong theoretical tension in cognitive science about the extent to which cognition can be studied while abstracting from embodiment, situatedness and the structure of the nervous systems that control cognitive processes in organisms. This chapter argues that in making such abstractions, important concepts are missed, including most importantly the concepts of stability and instability. The embodied view of cognition emphasizes the close link of cognition to the sensory and motor surfaces and the structured environments in which these are immersed. The dynamical systems approach