Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Slot Array Antenna Using High-Order Radiation Modes for Dual-Band Applications in $K$ -Band

A novel compact dual-band cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) array antenna using high-order radiation modes has been proposed in this paper. The first high-order hybrid mode (superposition of TM310 and TM130) and the second high-order mode (TM320) of K-band in the SIW cavity are excited by an inductive window for dual-band application. The operation mechanism of high-order modes is analyzed and then verified through simulations by inserting metallic vias in different positions of the resonant SIW cavity. The designed subarray antenna has the advantages of high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross-polarization level. To further validate the design idea, a dual-frequency band $2 \times 2$ array antenna has been fabricated and measured including reflection coefficients, realized gains, and radiation patterns. The measured results show that the 10-dB impedance bandwidths at resonant frequencies of 21 and 26 GHz are 800 MHz (3.7%) and 700 MHz (2.6%), and the realized gains at boresight direction are around 16 and 17.4 dBi, respectively. Moreover, the proposed array antenna also possesses both advantages of metallic cavity-backed antennas and planar patch antennas, such as low cost, easy fabrication with the printed circuit board technology, and integration with other planar circuits.
Cloud-based control for downstream defect reduction in the production of electric motors

Classical computing is shifted gradually into the cloud, offering completely new possibilities in information usage, computing power and application of learning algorithms. In this paper, a cloud-based architecture of control systems is investigated showing the benefit for multi-stage production systems. All sequential manufacturing and assembly processes are connected via a cloud-based architecture, which allows using information from a previous production step in one of the subsequent steps for downstream deviation compensation. This strategy is applied to the rotor production of electric motors in the automotive industry, as the current production shows high defect rates due to the lack of adequate sensor signals and optimization algorithms. The magnetization process of permanent magnets is executed in saturation, so that the generation of deviations cannot be avoided by process control or process optimization. Instead, the variance in the magnetization signal must be compensated in a downstream process, here the rotor assembly stage. Project results show how such a cloud-based architecture can increase the product quality while decreasing the amount of scrap parts in a real industrial scenario, consequently saving valuable resources like energy and raw materials. Reduction of deviations is crucial for this emerging industrial sector as electric motor production for vehicles is moving towards mass production.
Towards the harmonization of outcome measures in children with mitochondrial disorders

A clinical trial is only as reliable as its outcomes, therefore the careful and systematic selection of outcome measures is extremely important. Currently, the selection of outcome measures for clinical trials designed to evaluate new drugs in patients with mitochondrial disorders is inefficient and has not been addressed systematically. Given that meaningful data can be obtained only from trials in which outcomes are assessed using valid instruments, one should first focus on the validation of a set of selected instruments in the target population. The aim of this review is to systematically select a ‘toolbox’ of robust outcome measures that are relevant to all patients.
Recently learned foreign abstract and concrete nouns are represented in distinct cortical networks similar to the native language

In the native language, abstract and concrete nouns are represented in distinct areas of the cerebral cortex. Currently, it is unknown whether this is also the case for abstract and concrete nouns of a foreign language. Here, we taught adult native speakers of German 45 abstract and 45 concrete nouns of a foreign language. After learning the nouns for 5 days, participants performed a vocabulary translation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Translating abstract nouns in contrast to concrete nouns elicited responses in regions that are also responsive to abstract nouns in the native language: the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle and superior temporal gyri. Concrete nouns elicited larger responses in the angular gyri bilaterally and the left parahippocampal gyrus than abstract nouns. The cluster in the left angular gyrus showed psychophysiological interaction (PPI) with the left lingual gyrus. The left parahippocampal gyrus showed PPI with the posterior cingulate cortex. Similar regions have been previously found for concrete nouns in the native language. The results reveal similarities in the cortical representation of foreign language nouns with the representation of native language nouns that already occur after 5 days of vocabulary learning. Furthermore, we showed that verbal and enriched learning methods were equally suitable to teach foreign abstract and concrete nouns. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4398–4412, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy: intracranial EEG features and surgical outcome.

Patients with neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) may have less favorable outcome with anterior temporal lobectomy than those with mesial temporal foci. The authors analyzed ictal intracranial electroencephalograms (EEGs) in patients with NTLE to identify features that predict surgical outcome. The following intracranial ictal EEG features in 31 consecutive medically intractable NTLE patients were studied: Frequency (i.e., low-voltage fast [>20 Hz], recruiting ictal-onset spikes, ictal-onset rhythms less than 5 Hz, ictal-onset rhythms with repetitive sharp waves between 5 and 20 Hz); extent of ictal onset (focal, sublobar, and lobar); localization within the temporal lobe (anterior, posterior, or regional); and the time to seizure spread outside the temporal lobe (rapid, intermediate, and slow). The average follow-up period was 36.7 months (range, 18 to 60 months). Findings between two outcome groups were compared: class I group (seizure-free) and class II to IV group (persistent seizures). Twenty-one (66.7%) of 31 patients with NTLE were seizure-free. Intracranial EEG features which were significantly associated with seizure-free outcome were focal or sublobar onset, anterior temporal onset, and slow propagation time (P < 0.05). There was a trend for patients with ictal onset morphologies of slow ictal-onset rhythm and repetitive sharp waves to be seizure-free (P = 0.07). Intracranial EEG is helpful in predicting surgical outcome in NTLE patients.
Adherence and Treatment Satisfaction in Liver Transplant Recipients

Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving intervention for patients with liver failure. LT recipients' adherence to their therapeutic regimen is an essential element for graft survival. According to WHO, the impact of medication non-adherence in solid organ transplantation has shown to cost $15–100 million annually. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors that best predict medication adherence and to explore the relationship between treatment satisfaction and medication adherence in liver transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: Adult liver transplant patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City were included in the study. Patients completed the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM 1.4) in addition to several socio-demographic and transplant-related data. Results: A total of 154 patients were included in the study and of these 59.7% were adherent. Older age was a significant predictor of adherence (P < 0.05). The mean treatment satisfaction score was 91.9 ± 12.7 in Effectiveness, 80.0 ± 25.9 in Side Effects, 83.5 ± 15.7 in Convenience, and 94.6 ± 8.6 in Global Satisfaction. Further analysis indicated that patients in the adherent group had reported significantly higher satisfaction scores than those in the non-adherent group (P < 0.05) in all treatment satisfaction domains: Effectiveness (94.4 ± 10.4 vs. 88.6 ± 14.8), Side Effects (83.9 ± 22.0 vs. 74.2 ± 30.1), Convenience (87.0 ± 13.9 vs. 77.2 ± 16.1), and Global Satisfaction (96.9 ± 6.6 vs. 91.2 ± 8.6). Conclusion: Older patients and those who were more satisfied with their treatment tend to have better adherence to the prescribed medications. Therefore, increasing patients' satisfaction with their treatment should be an integral element of future care plans designed to improve treatment outcomes in liver transplant recipients.
Imaging of breast cancer diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy.

PURPOSE To retrospectively assess mammography, high-frequency-transducer ultrasonography (US), and color Doppler US for the initial and subsequent evaluation of breast cancer diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of clinical records between January 1989 and December 2003 of women with breast cancer diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy was performed after waiver of informed consent was obtained. The study was approved by an institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Mammograms and sonograms were reviewed by two mammographers using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) mammographic and US lexicon. US assessment of the regional lymph node basins, including the axillary, infraclavicular, internal mammary, and supraclavicular regions, was documented. US was used to evaluate response to therapy in the breast and the regional lymph nodes in women who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Twenty-three women with 24 cancers that were imaged prior to surgery with mammography (n = 3), US (n = 4), or mammography and US (n = 17) were included in the study. The histologic diagnosis of the primary tumor was invasive ductal cancer in 22 lesions, and the diagnosis was invasive carcinoma in the two other cancers. The median age in this study was 34 years (range, 24-45 years). Of the 20 women who underwent preoperative mammography, findings were positive for malignancy in 18 of 20 (90%) cancers despite dense breast parenchymal patterns (BI-RADS types 3 and 4). A mass in all 21 cancers (100%) was depicted in the 20 women who underwent breast and nodal US. US correctly depicted axillary metastasis in 15 of 18 women who underwent US nodal assessment. Of the 12 patients who were evaluated for response to chemotherapy, US demonstrated complete response in two patients, partial response in three, stable findings in one, and progression of disease in six. CONCLUSION Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is mammographically evident despite dense parenchymal background. US, when performed, demonstrates all masses and provides information regarding response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
A new method for dealing with the stimulus artefact in electrically evoked compound action potential measurements

Objective Residual charge on recording electrodes leads to elevated potentials after the end of the stimulus, which can easily overload the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) recording systems (neural response imaging or neural response telemetry). A new method for dealing with this problem was tested in a series of animal experiments. Material and Methods We developed an amplifier with a compensation circuit that reduces the effect of the residual charge by electrical subtraction at the input. Using this amplifier we compared different artefact rejection protocols simultaneously in chronically implanted guinea pigs. A new, systematic nomenclature for the various forward masking schemes, based on the number of frames involved, is proposed. Results Proper adjustment of the compensation circuit reduces the overload time from >200 μs to <30 μs, but the compensation signals influence the final output signal considerably. To eliminate this deliberately introduced, reproducible artefact, an additional artefact rejection scheme is necessary. With alternating polarity (AP) and forward masking paradigms we could reliably record the N1 peak. Forward masking responses reveal shorter latencies for cathodic-first biphasic stimuli than for anodic-first pulses. The average of these two closely resembles the response obtained with the AP paradigm. Conclusions It is worthwhile implementing the electrical compensation method proposed herein in clinical neural response imaging or neural response telemetry systems, as it represents a more robust way of assessing the eCAP.
Design and Reliability of Pediatic HealthQuiz®: Preliminary Report of a Comprehensive, Computerized, Self-Administered Child Health Assessment

The time available for pediatric ambulatory visits is rarely sufficient to permit a truly comprehensive health assessment. We hypothesized that a reliable, computerized, self-administered questionnaire could be designed to screen for a full range of pediatric health issues and provide a comprehensive health database for pediatric patients. An age and gender-specific pediatric questionnaire of 478 questions was formatted to elicit only a 'Yes," "No," or "Not Sure" response and structured in a branched, decision-tree format. The initial draft was reviewed for content by pediatric experts in Canada and the United States and revised in accordance with their suggestions. The questionnaire was divided into two modules, Medical Peds, covering biomedical issues and Prevent Peds, covering prevention, psychosocial, educational, and safety topics. Cognitive interviews were carried out with 132 parents in pediatric ambulatory care centers in Chicago and Halifax, with use of scripted and nonscripted probe questions, to ensure comprehensibility among patients with widely varying educational levels and health knowledge. Reliability was tested in 100 parents of children aged 1 month to 12 years, through use of five different test-retest sequences. Respondents' impressions were surveyed on completion of the procedure. Following content reviews, and cognitive and reliability testing, the total bank of questions was reduced to 375. As a result of the use of branching logic, individual parents answered an average of 111 Prevent Peds and 144 Medical Peds questions. Average time required to complete the entire questionnaire was 13 minutes for Prevent Peds and 19 minutes for Med Peds. Retesting within 36 hours showed an overall 97% concordance of response pairs in the Medical Peds and Prevent Peds questionnaires. There were no statistically significant differences in test-retest reliability between different sequence formats used, (e.g., HealthQuiz followed by personal interview, or HealthQuiz vs. HealthQuiz). A few questions that frequently elicited "Not Sure" responses were eliminated. As a result, the majority of questions elicited either a 'Yes" or "No" response. Pediatric HealthQuiz identified a wide spectrum of child health problems that are often overlooked in routine health visits. Parents completing Pediatric HealthQuiz indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the procedure. Most reported that they believed the information would improve their child's health care.
Primary cell models of HIV latency

Purpose of reviewTo provide updated points of view regarding the recent development and application of in-vitro primary cell models of HIV latency and their potential application in future studies of HIV eradication. Recent findingsIt has been challenging to develop a primary cell model of HIV latency that can authentically recapitulate the quiescent features of resting CD4+ T cells. Recently, several articles have described different approaches that can generate latently HIV-infected resting CD4+ T cells in vitro. Some of them further demonstrated that the primary cell models of HIV latency are suitable for biochemical studies and drug screening. SummaryRecent progress in primary cell models of HIV latency has facilitated research on the mechanisms of HIV latency. These models also serve as a platform for the discovery of drugs that can purge the latent reservoir for HIV in resting CD4+ T cells. These studies will allow deeper insight to the mechanisms governing HIV latency and may help identify some candidate compounds for use in therapeutic strategies for the eradication of latent HIV.
Development of wing‐bud‐derived muscles in normal and wingless chick embryos: A computer‐assisted three‐dimensional reconstruction study of muscle pattern formation in the absence of skeletal elements

The mechanisms whereby the normal pattern of muscles within the developing chick limb bud is generated are largely unexplored. It has been proposed that the muscle pattern is established independently of the pattern for the limb skeletal elements to which the muscles normally attach (Shellswell and Wolpert: “The Pattern of Muscle and Tendon Development in the Chick Wing.” In: Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 71–86, 1977). To further examine this possibility we studied the formation of the proximal wing muscles in normal and wingless chick embryos. The muscles of the shoulder region (including the pectoralis) arise as part of the dorsal and ventral premuscle masses of the developing limb bud. These secondarily migrate out of the limb to take origin from the pectoral girdle while inserting onto the humerus (Sullivan: Aust. J. Zool., 10:458–516, 1962). With rare exceptions, wingless embryos have complete absence of wing skeletal elements, but they may possess more than 40% of the normal volume of wing‐bud‐derived muscles. The muscles that remain in wingless embryos are primarily shoulder muscles, and to a varying extent, the pectoralis. The question we sought to answer was whether in wingless embryos the proximal wing muscles could form a normal pattern in the absence of the humerus and distal wing skeletal elements. By examining three‐dimensional reconstructions of the proximal wing region in normal and wingless embryos, we found that the initial subdivision of the dorsal and ventral premuscle masses proceeded normally in the absence of the wing skeleton. This resulted in a grossly normal pattern of proximal wing muscles despite the absence of wing skeletal elements. However, some subsequent cleavages of individual muscles within premuscle mass divisions did not occur in wingless embryos. This suggests that the skeleton may be required for this step in muscle morphogenesis to occur. We also observed that the wing‐budderived muscles in wingless embryos were nearly always anchored to the pectoral girdle at both ends. Sometimes this resulted in muscles making abnormal tendonous fusions with other muscles derived from the opposite (i.e., dorsal or ventral) premuscle mass. Therefore, attachment to the skeleton may be important for some facet of muscle development. Finally, the supracoracoideus muscle was absent in all but one wingless embryo we examined in the present study. In that one, it was substantially reduced in volume compared to normal. Despite the absence of this muscle, the space normally occupied by the supracoracoideus was maintained beneath the pectoralis. This observation suggests that the form, or shape, of a muscle may be established within the connective tissue in the absence of the muscle itself.
Impacts of Four Decades of Forest Loss on Vertebrate Functional Habitat on Borneo

Tropical forests are undergoing drastic transformations, putting at risk the species that rely on them. On the island of Borneo, between 1973 and 2015, 50% of the forest was lost, much of this to oil palm and other industries. We explore the impacts of these four decades of forest loss on the functionally connected habitat of 245 forest birds and mammals. First, we map potential suitable habitat in 1973 and 2015 by refining reported ranges by elevation, forest cover and patch size. We find that, on average, these species have lost 28% of habitat within their ranges. We then use graph-theory connectivity models to calculate the functionally connected area for each species, according to their natal dispersal abilities. We find a mean loss of 35% in functionally connected area, revealing the often hidden impacts of deforestation. Losses in functionally connected habitat are largely driven by area of habitat loss, though maximum elevational range limit also explains some of the differences modeled across species, with lowland species being most affected. We present a vulnerability index of threat arising from loss of functionally connected habitat. The spatial distribution of vulnerability index values serves as a tool for setting conservation priorities for forest remnants on Borneo, given that most of the ranges of these species are not protected. We make recommendations for the use of connectivity models to prioritize resources for research and conservation on Borneo and other biodiversity hotspots.
A low cost prototype for testing stator winding shorted turns in 3-phase induction motors

This paper presents a prototype of stator winding shorted turns detector for three-phase induction motors. The focus condition is turn-to-turn short circuit, because this condition is the initial problem. The diagnosis technique is detectable from the voltage sum of the three instantaneous line to star-point voltage. In the testing, the supply is sinusoidal waveform and the motor must be star connected with floating neutral. Before diagnosis, this instrument will also determine the level of supply voltage imbalance, if it is over the limit, the test instrument will not diagnose shorted turns. From experimental results, 3-hp and 5-hp induction motors were used for testing this equipment which is capable of accurately identifying percentage of stator winding shorted turns
Psychological Distress and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Mediating Roles of Rumination, Cognitive Reappraisal, and Expressive Suppression

This study sought to explore the relationships between depression, anxiety, stress, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and the mediating roles of rumination and emotion regulation in this relationship. The sample comprised 1,586 Australian university students who completed a self-report questionnaire assessing the relevant variables. Of the sample, 8.9% engaged in NSSI in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. Depression, anxiety, and stress each exerted a direct effect on NSSI, and each relationship was mediated by cognitive reappraisal. The relationship between stress and NSSI was also mediated by expressive suppression. The results imply intervention efforts aimed at teaching adaptive emotion regulation strategies for students experiencing high levels of psychological distress may reduce the frequency of NSSI.