Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomised trial deploying a simulation to investigate the impact of hospital discharge letters on patient care in general practice

Objective To determine how the timing and length of hospital discharge letters impact on the number of ongoing patient problems identified by general practitioners (GPs). Trial design GPs were randomised into four groups. Each viewed a video monologue of an actor-patient as he might present to his GP following a hospital admission with 10 problems. GPs were provided with a medical record as well as a long or short discharge letter, which was available when the video was viewed or 1 week later. GPs indicated if they would prescribe, refer or order tests for the patient's problems. Methods Setting Primary care. Participants Practising Australian GPs. Intervention A short or long hospital discharge letter enumerating patient problems. Outcome measure Number of ongoing patient problems out of 10 identified for management by the GPs. Randomisation 1:1 randomisation. Blinding (masking) Single-blind. Results Numbers randomised 59 GPs. Recruitment GPs were recruited from a network of 102 GPs across Australia. Numbers analysed 59 GPs. Outcome GPs who received the long letter immediately were more satisfied with this information (p<0.001). Those who received the letter immediately identified significantly more health problems (p=0.001). GPs who received a short, delayed discharge letter were less satisfied than those who received a longer delayed letter (p=0.03); however, both groups who received the delayed letter identified a similar number of health problems. GPs who were older, who practised in an inner regional area or who offered more patient sessions per week identified fewer health problems (p values <0.01, <0.05 and <0.05, respectively). Harms Nil. Conclusions Receiving information during patient consultation, as well as GP characteristics, influences the number of patient problems addressed. Trial registration number ACTRN12614000403639.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment: An Emergency B. Therapy

‘Neuroprotection’ is a term used to describe the putative effect of interventions protecting the brain from pathological damage. In occlusive stroke, the concept of neuroprotection involves inhibition of a cascade of pathological molecular events occurring under ischaemia and leading to calcium influx, activation of free radical reactions and cell death. This article will summarize neuroprotection trials to date, some facts and fancies about neuroprotection, ischaemic pathophysiology and possible reasons for the apparent failure of human neuroprotective stroke trials. Facts: In the acute stage of occlusive stroke, moderate reduction of blood flow results in a ‘penumbra’ of brain cells, often surrounding a core infarct, in which brain cells survive for a few hours but gradually die if reperfusion is not established. Increased knowledge of the complex pathophysiology in acute ischaemic stroke has led to the development of a great number of candidates for neuroprotective interventions. Many neuroprotective agents have proven efficacious in animal models, but so far no human study has shown a statistically significant benefit in patients with acute ischaemic stroke on primary endpoint measures. Some neuroprotective agents show beneficial effects on post hoc analyses, and some studies are still ongoing. Fancies: In the early years of neuroprotective studies in stroke, it was thought that a drug with almost no adverse effects could be given by ambulance staff on the way to hospital and induce a clinically significant effect on outcome. Since there were only benefits and no risks, diagnostic skills by neurologists and neuroradiological evaluations would no longer be required. Why Have Neuroprotective Agents Failed in Human Stroke Trials? There are several possible explanations why neuroprotective trials have been unable to prove an effect in addition to the eventuality that the basic concept is wrong. The effects of neuroprotective agents on infarct size are time dependent, and treatment has often been initiated much later than in successful experimental stroke models. Insufficient doses of the drugs and slow availability of the drug at the target area may be other explanations. Too small sample sizes in trials and imbalance of prognostically important baseline variables are examples of shortcomings in trial methodology. What Can Be Done? Future New Approaches: In animal models, preclinical testing of neuroprotective candidates should be standardized. Conventional stroke models with young and healthy animals may be replaced by older animals with common co-morbidity such as atherosclerosis. Highly effective
Object-oriented concurrent programming ABCL/1

An object-oriented computation model is presented which is designed for modelling and describing a wide variety of concurrent systems. In this model, three types of message passing are incorporated. An overview of a programming language called ABCL/1, whose semantics faithfully reflects this computation model, is also presented. Using ABCL/1, a simple scheme of distributed problem solving is illustrated. Furthermore, we discuss the reply destination mechanism and its applications. A distributed “same fringe” algorithm is presented as an illustration of both the reply destination mechanism and the future type message passing which is one of the three message passing types in our computation model.
Root System Architecture in Arabidopsis Grown in Culture Is Regulated by Sucrose Uptake in the Aerial Tissues[W]

This article presents a detailed model for the regulation of lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in culture. We demonstrate that direct contact between the aerial tissues and sucrose in the growth media is necessary and sufficient to promote emergence of lateral root primordia from the parent root. Mild osmotic stress is perceived by the root, which then sends an abscisic acid–dependent signal that causes a decrease in the permeability of aerial tissues; this reduces uptake of sucrose from the culture media, which leads to a repression of lateral root formation. Osmotic repression of lateral root formation in culture can be overcome by mutations that cause the cuticle of a plant's aerial tissues to become more permeable. Indeed, we report here that the previously described lateral root development2 mutant overcomes osmotic repression of lateral root formation because of a point mutation in Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase2, a gene essential for cutin biosynthesis. Together, our findings (1) impact the interpretation of experiments that use Arabidopsis grown in culture to study root system architecture; (2) identify sucrose as an unexpected regulator of lateral root formation; (3) demonstrate mechanisms by which roots communicate information to aerial tissues and receive information in turn; and (4) provide insights into the regulatory pathways that allow plants to be developmentally plastic while preserving the essential balance between aboveground and belowground organs.
Color, Race, and English Language Teaching

Contents: Preface. A. Curtis, A Brief Introduction to Critical Theory, Narrative Inquiry, and Educational Research. A. Curtis, Dark Matter: Teaching and Learning Between Black and White. S. Nero, An Exceptional Voice: Working as a TESOL Professional of Color. D. Fujimoto, Stores Through Perceptual Frames. C. Chacon, My Journal Into Racial Awareness. A. Lin, From Learning English in a Colony to Working as a Woman TESOL Professional of Color. S. Wong, Perpetual Foreigners: Can an American Be an American? C. Islam, Becoming an English Native: An English TESOL Professional of Color's Experience. M. Stephan, Musings of a Black ESL Instructor. G.T. Sachs, The World Away From Home. A. Govardhan, Teaching English and Ethnic Origin. M. Romney, Not a Real American: Experiences of a Reluctant Ambassador. S. Motha, Out of the Safety Zone. A. Mahboob, Confessions of an enraced TESOL professional. M. Romney, Conclusion.
Multidimensional access methods

Search operations in databases require special support at the physical level. This is true for conventional databases as well as spatial databases, where typical search operations include the point query (find all objects that contain a given search point) and the region query (find all objects that overlap a given search region). More than ten years of spatial database research have resulted in a great variety of multidimensional access methods to support such operations. We give an overview of that work. After a brief survey of spatial data management in general, we first present the class of point access methods, which are used to search sets of points in two or more dimensions. The second part of the paper is devoted to spatial access methods to handle extended objects, such as rectangles or polyhedra. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and experimental results concerning the relative performance of various approaches.
Intrusion Detection System for Wireless Sensor Networks

A process for manufacturing foamed silicone compositions by foaming a cross-linkable composition which comprises: (a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane containing 0.0002 to 3% by weight of vinyl groups and a viscosity of from 0.1 to 1,000 Pascal-seconds at 25 DEG C. , (b) up to 10 parts by weight of a silanol-containing silicon compound with a viscosity from 0.01 to 10 Pascal-seconds at 25 DEG C. , (c) up to 200 parts by weight of filler, (d) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a polysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.005 to 0.1 Pascal-seconds at 25 DEG C. , and (e) a platinum catalyst, is characterized by foaming the cross-linkable composition with a substance containing hydroxyl groups at temperatures of 50 DEG to 150 DEG C.
The Influenza A Virus Genotype Determines the Antiviral Function of NF-κB

ABSTRACT The role of NF-κB in influenza A virus (IAV) infection does not reveal a coherent picture, as pro- and also antiviral functions of this transcription factor have been described. To address this issue, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated genome engineering to generate murine MLE-15 cells lacking two essential components of the NF-κB pathway. Cells devoid of either the central NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) scaffold protein and thus defective in IκB kinase (IKK) activation or cells not expressing the NF-κB DNA-binding and transactivation subunit p65 were tested for propagation of the SC35 virus, which has an avian host range, and its mouse-adapted variant, SC35M. While NF-κB was not relevant for replication of SC35M, the absence of NF-κB activity increased replication of the nonadapted SC35 virus. This antiviral effect of NF-κB was most prominent upon infection of cells with low virus titers as they usually occur during the initiation phase of IAV infection. The defect in NF-κB signaling resulted in diminished IAV-triggered phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and expression of the antiviral beta interferon (IFN-β) gene. To identify the viral proteins responsible for NF-κB dependency, reassortant viruses were generated by reverse genetics. SC35 viruses containing the SC35M segment encoding neuraminidase (NA) were completely inert to the inhibitory effect of NF-κB, emphasizing the importance of the viral genotype for susceptibility to the antiviral functions of NF-κB. IMPORTANCE This study addresses two different issues. First, we investigated the role of the host cell transcription factor NF-κB in IAV replication by genetic manipulation of IAVs by reverse genetics combined with targeted genome engineering of host cells using CRISPR-Cas9. The analysis of these two highly defined genetic systems indicated that the IAV genotype can influence whether NF-κB displays an antiviral function and thus might in part explain incoherent results from the literature. Second, we found that perturbation of NF-κB function greatly improved the growth of a nonadapted IAV, suggesting that NF-κB may contribute to the maintenance of the host species barrier.
Investigating optimal local memory performance

Recent work has demonstrated that, cache space is often poorly utilized. However, no previous work has yet demonstrated upper bounds on what a cache or local memory could achieve when exploiting both spatial and temporal locality. Belady's MIN algorithm does yield an upper bound, but exploits only temporal locality. In this article, we present an optimal replacement algorithm for local memory that exploits temporal locality and spatial locality simultaneously. This algorithm is an extension of Belady's algorithm. We prove the optimality of this new algorithm with respect to minimizing misses, and we show experimentally that the algorithm produces nearly minimum memory traffic on the SPEC95 benchmarks. Like Belady's algorithm, our algorithm requires the entire program trace. It selects replacement victims and the number of words it fetches at once based on future accesses. Many different spatial locality strategies can be implemented with this algorithm. With an optimal strategy, the algorithm yields an upper bound that enables us to evaluate alternative implementations to today's caches. We further demonstrate the utility of this algorithm as an analysis tool by evaluating several intermediate strategies between cache and optimal to highlight the limitations of the cache line paradigm using the SPEC95 benchmarks.
Parallel Dual Coordinate Descent Method for Large-scale Linear Classification in Multi-core Environments

Dual coordinate descent method is one of the most effective approaches for large-scale linear classification. However, its sequential design makes the parallelization difficult. In this work, we target at the parallelization in a multi-core environment. After pointing out difficulties faced in some existing approaches, we propose a new framework to parallelize the dual coordinate descent method. The key idea is to make the majority of all operations (gradient calculation here) parallelizable. The proposed framework is shown to be theoretically sound. Further, we demonstrate through experiments that the new framework is robust and efficient in a multi-core environment.
The Multiscale Entropy Algorithm and Its Variants: A Review

Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis was introduced in the 2002 to evaluate the complexity of a time series by quantifying its entropy over a range of temporal scales. The algorithm has been successfully applied in different research fields. Since its introduction, a number of modifications and refinements have been proposed, some aimed at increasing the accuracy of the entropy estimates, others at exploring alternative coarse-graining procedures. In this review, we first describe the original MSE algorithm. Then, we review algorithms that have been introduced to improve the estimation of MSE. We also report a recent generalization of the method to higher moments.
Body Mass Index Is Associated with Hypercholesterolemia following Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal in Thyroidectomized Patients

Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) for postoperative radioiodine adjuvant therapy or diagnostic radioiodine whole body scan in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers results in acute thyroid hormone deficiency and abnormal lipid profiles. To better clarify the clinical pattern of dyslipidemia occurring after THW, we retrospectively analyzed the association between serum total cholesterol level after THW and various clinical factors in a total of 61 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid cancers from January 2010 to March 2012, in Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Preoperative baseline total cholesterol was significantly correlated with post-THW total cholesterol level; however, age, gender, or elevated TSH level after THW itself was not correlated with post-THW total cholesterol level. A significant correlation between preoperative measured BMI and post-THW total cholesterol level was found (r = 0.263, P = 0.041). In multiple logistic analysis, BMI was an independent determining factor of post-THW total cholesterol level (P = 0.012).
Repair of Oxidized Bases in DNA Bubble Structures by Human DNA Glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2*

Repair of oxidatively damaged bases in the genome via the base excision repair pathway is initiated with excision of these lesions by DNA glycosylases with broad substrate range. The newly discovered human DNA glycosylases, NEIL1 and NEIL2, are distinct in structural features and reaction mechanism from the previously characterized NTH1 and OGG1 but act on many of the same substrates. However, NEIL2 shows a unique preference for excising lesions from a DNA bubble, whereas NTH1 and OGG1 are only active with duplex DNA. NEIL1 also excises efficiently 5-hydroxyuracil, an oxidation product of cytosine, from the bubble and single-stranded DNA but does not have strong activity toward 8-oxoguanine in the bubble. The dichotomy in the activity of NEILs versus NTH1/OGG1 for bubble versus duplex DNA substrates is consistent with higher affinity of the NEILs for the bubble structures of both damaged and undamaged DNA relative to duplex structure. These observations suggest that the NEILs are functionally distinct from OGG1/NTH1 in vivo. OGG1/NTH1-independent repair of oxidized bases in the transcribed sequences supports the possibility that NEILs are preferentially involved in repair of lesions in DNA bubbles generated during transcription and/or replication.
Rate memory of structural relaxation in glasses and its detection by multidimensional NMR.

A new aspect of the nature of the relaxation rate distribution of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ relaxation in glasses is analyzed for the example of a polymer: How long does a polymer segment remember its relaxation rate? For a two-state system we describe the rate memory in terms of a single dimensionless parameter. Applying the theory to multidimensional NMR exchange experiments, the rate memory of a polymer slightly above its glass transition temperature is determined. The rate memory is near its theoretical minimum, indicating strong coupling of the individual relaxation modes.
Comparison of Hatchery Performance Between a Whirling-Disease Resistant Strain and Tensleep Strain of Rainbow Trout

Salmonid species vary substantially with respect to both susceptibility and pathology when challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis (O’Grodnick 1979). Even within a species, strain differences in susceptibility have been demonstrated (Densmore et al. 2001). Rainbow trout are generally accepted to be one of the most susceptible species to M. cerebralis infection, yet are one of the most popular sport fish. A resistant rainbow trout strain would provide the sport fish benefits that anglers are accustomed to, while reducing myxospore concentrations in the environment and potentially reducing mortality and deformity among naturally infected fry of susceptible salmonids.
Multiprogrammed parallel application scheduling in NUMA multiprocessors

The invention, acceptance, and proliferation of multiprocessors are primarily a result of the quest to increase computer system performance. The most promising features of multiprocessors are their potential to solve problems faster than previously possible and to solve larger problems than previously possible. Large-scale multiprocessors offer the additional advantage of being able to execute multiple parallel applications simultaneously. The execution time of a parallel application is directly related to the number of processors it is allocated and, in shared-memory non-uniform memory access time (NUMA) multiprocessors, which processors it is allocated. As a result, efficient and effective scheduling becomes critical to overall system performance. In fact, it is likely to be a contributing factor in ultimately determining the success or failure of shared-memory NUMA multiprocessors. The subjects of this dissertation are the problems of processor allocation and application placement. The processor allocation problem involves determining the number of processors to allocate to each of several simultaneously executing parallel applications and possibly dynamically adjusting those allocations to improve overall system performance. The performance metric used is mean response time. We show that by differentiating between applications based on the amount of remaining work they have to execute, performance can be improved significantly. Then we propose techniques for estimating an application's expected remaining work along with policies for using these estimates to make improved processor allocation decisions. An experimental evaluation demonstrates the promise of this approach. The placement problem involves determining which of the many processors to assign to each application. Using experiments conducted on a representative system, we demonstrate that in large-scale NUMA multiprocessors the execution time of parallel applications is significantly affected by the placement of the application. This motivates the need for new techniques designed explicitly for NUMA multiprocessors. We introduce such a technique, called processor pool-based scheduling, that is designed to localize the execution of parallel applications within a NUMA architecture and to isolate different parallel applications from each other. An experimental evaluation of this scheduling method shows that it can be used to significantly reduce mean response time over methods that do not consider the placement of parallel applications.
Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Venous Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has known morbidity and mortality. New noninvasive techniques such as B-mode scanning and Doppler ultrasonography (duplex) are highly accurate in the diagnosis of this problem but are relatively expensive and time consuming. Continuous-wave Doppler, a precursor noninvasive technique, is simple, cheap, and easy to perform at the patient's bedside. To test the effectiveness of this technique the authors prospectively studied patients with clinical suspicion of DVT by Doppler ultrasound and compared the results with those from venography. During fourteen consecutive months, patients with a clinical suspicion of DVT underwent continuous-wave Doppler examination of both inferior limbs. Each case was diagnosed as positive, negative, or inconclusive. In addition, the patients underwent a questionnaire regarding risk factors, symptoms, and mean relevant physical findings. Doppler examination was blinded to venography results. A total of 116 patients with clinical suspicion of DVT were examined by Doppler ultrasound. Their mean age was fifty-five years (range: eighteen to eighty-eight). There were 57 men and 59 women, and from this group a total of 40 patients underwent both Doppler ultrasound examination and venography in the course of forty-eight consecutive hours. When cases with an inconclusive result were excluded, Doppler ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94% for the diagnosis of DVT when compared with venography. When a similar analysis was done for the proximal named veins, continuous-wave Doppler examination showed a very high specificity and positive predictive value and a moderate sensitivity and negative predictive value. (continued on next page) In the entire group of patients with a Doppler ultrasound examination (n=116), 48 cases had a positive study. Prolonged bed rest, previous surgery, and previous DVT were the most frequent risk factors, pain and swelling the most frequent symptoms, and edema and tenderness the main clinical signs. In patients without DVT (n=57), trauma, malignant obstructing tumors, and cellulitis were the most frequent final diagnoses. The study was inconclusive in 11 patients. In conclusion, continuous-wave Doppler is accurate and may be used as the initial technique in the diagnosis of DVT. Cases that are inconclusive, or cases in which clinical findings are in evident contradiction to Doppler findings, should undergo duplex examination or venography.