Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis PHL 2 and PHR 1 Act Redundantly as the Key Components of the Central Regulatory System Controlling Transcriptional Responses to Phosphate Starvation 1

When confronted with inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation, plants activate an array of adaptive responses to sustain their growth. These responses, in a large extent, are controlled at the transcriptional level. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PHOSPHATE RESPONSE1 (PHR1) and its close homolog PHR1-like 1 (PHL1) belong to a 15-member family of MYB-CC transcription factors and are regarded as the key components of the central regulatory system controlling plant transcriptional responses to Pi starvation. The knockout of PHR1 and PHL1, however, causes only a partial loss of the transcription of Pi starvationinduced genes, suggesting the existence of other key components in this regulatory system. In this work, we used the transcription of a Pi starvation-induced acid phosphatase, AtPAP10, to study the molecular mechanism underlying plant transcriptional responses to Pi starvation. We first identified a DNA sequence on the AtPAP10 promoter that is critical for the transcription of AtPAP10. We then demonstrated that PHL2 and PHL3, two other members of the MYB-CC family, specifically bind to this DNA sequence and activate the transcription of AtPAP10. Unlike PHR1 and PHL1, the transcription and protein accumulation of PHL2 and PHL3 are upregulated by Pi starvation. RNA-sequencing analyses indicated that the transcription of most Pi starvation-induced genes is impaired in the phl2 mutant, indicating that PHL2 is also a key component of the central regulatory system. Finally, we showed that PHL2, and perhaps also PHL3, acts redundantly with PHR1 to regulate plant transcriptional response to Pi starvation.
Argotario: Computational Argumentation Meets Serious Games

An important skill in critical thinking and argumentation is the ability to spot and recognize fallacies. Fallacious arguments, omnipresent in argumentative discourse, can be deceptive, manipulative, or simply leading to ‘wrong moves’ in a discussion. Despite their importance, argumentation scholars and NLP researchers with focus on argumentation quality have not yet investigated fallacies empirically. The nonexistence of resources dealing with fallacious argumentation calls for scalable approaches to data acquisition and annotation, for which the serious games methodology offers an appealing, yet unexplored, alternative. We present Argotario, a serious game that deals with fallacies in everyday argumentation. Argotario is a multilingual, open-source, platform-independent application with strong educational aspects, accessible at www.argotario. net.
AUTOMATH: MATLAB‐based educational software for vehicle's performance and longitudinal dynamics

In this article, we present an educational software called AUTOMATH, developed to allow the engineering students to learn easily and rapidly about the vehicle's performance and longitudinal dynamics. This software uses the graphical user interface (GUI) capabilities of MATLAB which has shown to be a good choice if the teacher wishes to collaborate with students on a GUI because engineering students are typically familiar. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 55–63, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20095
Sexual selection and alternative mating behaviours generate demographic stochasticity in small populations

Recent theory predicts that environmental variation and small population size facilitate the coexistence of alternative phenotypes despite unequal mean fitness. However, traditional studies of reproductive strategies often assume that the stability of alternative mating behaviours relies on equal male fitness. We present results from field observations and experimental manipulations of thermal resources on territories demonstrating the coexistence of alternative reproductive behaviours with unequal fitness. The side–blotched lizard Uta stansburiana exhibits two alternative strategies for territoriality:‘usurp’ and‘defend’. Paternity analysis revealed significantly greater mean fitness for‘usurpers’ than‘defenders’ in our study of natural variation. Moreover, variance in fitness was significantly higher for usurpers on both experimental and natural plots, implying that‘usurp’ is a risky strategy with potentially large pay–offs or none at all. We show theoretically that significantly higher variance in usurper fitness can allow for coexistence with defenders despite higher mean fitness of usurpers. This coexistence is facilitated by small population size. Our results have general implications for the evolution of alternative strategies and the maintenance of genetic diversity in small populations.
Meta‐Analysis of Tacrolimus Ointment for Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients

Abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of the pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Tacrolimus ointment therapy resulted in the remission of atopic dermatitis, this effect of tacrolimus ointment strengths 0.03% and 0.1% were better than those of 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 1% pimecrolimus. Difference between the 0.03% tacrolimus group and the 0.1% tacrolimus group was not statistically significant.
Cluster explosion in an intense laser pulse: Thomas-Fermi model

A refined three-dimensional version of the time-dependent Thomas-Fermi model is used to qualitatively study the explosion of rare-gas atomic clusters in an intense laser field. Clusters as large as 55 atoms are exposed to a strong subpicosecond laser pulse. A stepwise character of the explosion is observed in which atomic shells are expelled sequentially. The role of ‘‘hot’’ electron dynamics in the explosion process is also investigated via initial temperature effects. Contrary to previous opinions it seems that the so-called hydrodynamic explosion scenario is important for most energetic ions coming from the outermost shells only.
Alternative approaches for conceptualizing children's attributional styles and their associations with depressive symptoms

This study examined whether two attribution frameworks relate to each other and to depressive symptoms in children. The first framework used a composite of stable/unstable, global/specific, and internal/external attributions for positive and negative events. The second framework used ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck attributions for positive and negative events. Participants were 185 elementary school children aged 8–12 years old. Results showed that the attribution approaches were significantly but modestly related, indicating that they are separate yet related constructs. Ability and task difficulty shared a high association, indicating that children may view them similarly. Results also showed that both approaches were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, even after taking the other into account. These findings suggest both attribution frameworks are useful for understanding childhood depression. Depression and Anxiety. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity Coherent Receivers for Optical Communication over the Clear Turbulent Atmosphere

Optical communication through the atmosphere possibly enables high data rate communication. However, the optical field undergoes fades or outages due to air turbulence. Spatial diversity is an attractive technique to mitigate these fades. The outage probability of a system that uses diversity has been analyzed for diversity incoherent detection. This paper investigates the benefit of coherent detection with spatial diversity for fade mitigation. We also compare the performance improvement of diversity coherent detection over diversity incoherent detection. We find that coherent detection provides power gain of at least a few more dB for typical background noise limited applications (e.g. 2.86 dB at an error probability threshold of 0.1 and average received background noise photons per bit of 1).
Beyond Watson and Crick: Programming DNA self-assembly for nanofabrication

The specificity of Watson-Crick base-pairing allows great control over the design and synthesis of artificial DNA nanostructures. Periodic one-dimensional (1D) tubes, 2D lattices, and 3D crystals are easily created from “DNA tiles” with spacings of 10-20 nanometers. “DNA origami” allows the folding of long DNA strands into arbitrary shapes and patterns up to about 100 nanometers in size with five nanometer features. This suggests that DNA self-assembly might be used for sublithographic fabrication of devices or even circuits. There are, however, a number of challenges. For example, compared to the inorganic materials used as semiconductors, DNA has poor electronic properties and must be augmented by other materials. Such challenges must be solved before DNA self-assembly can be used in a complete process for nanofabrication. We will present partial solutions to a few of them.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Score Reliability Across: Studies a Meta-Analytic Reliability Generalization Study

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was submitted to a descriptive reliability generalization (RG) analysis to characterize the variability of measurement error in MBTI scores across administrations. In general, the MBTI and its scales yielded scores with strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates, although variation was observed.
Studiare insieme, crescere insieme? Un'indagine sulle seconde generazioni in dieci regioni italiane

Arena, D; Barban, N; Billotta, E; Casacchia, O; Crisafulli, C; Dalla Zuanna, G; De Palma, F; Di Bartolomeo, A; Fava, T; Ferrara, R; Gabrielli, G; Gilardoni, G; Guarnieri, A; Impicciatore, R; Labadia, C; Marsden, A; Martino, G; Natale, L; Paterno, A; Rizzi, E; Simone, M; Strozza, S; Terzera, L
Low-Antenna Ultra Wideband Spatial Correlation Analysis in a Forest Environment

Impulse ultra wideband (UWB) communications promises a number of potential benefits for use in wireless sensor networks-particularly in forest environments where it can provide robust operation along with the ability to combine communications with precision position location. Additionally, MIMO communications for UWB provides the ability to take advantage of the rich multipath diversity inherent to UWB communications in order to provide enhanced robustness to fading as well as improved coverage in non line-of-sight scenarios. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the spatial correlation of UWB signals in a forest environment. Propagation measurements were performed using a 620 picosecond duration UWB pulse in four different forest environments: light brush, light, medium, and dense forest at distances of up to 50 meters. The mean spatial correlation was observed to vary based on forest environment, antenna type, antenna array orientation, and transmitter-receiver separation distance. These measurement results should aid in the development of MIMO algorithms for UWB outdoor communications.
Hardware Architecture Design for WSN Runtime Extension

Internet of Things imposes demanding requirements on wireless sensor networks as key players in context awareness procurement. Temporal and spatial ubiquities are one of the essential features that meet technology boundaries in terms of energy management. Limited energy availability makes anywhere and anytime sensing a challenging task that forces sensor nodes to wisely use every bit of available power. One of the earliest and most determining decisions in the electronic design stage is the choice of the silicon building blocks that will conform hardware architecture. Designers have to choose between dual architectures (based on a low-power microcontroller controlling a radio module) and single architectures (based on a system on chip). This decision, together with finite state machine design and application firmware, is crucial to minimize power consumption while maintaining expected sensor node performance. This paper provides keys for energy analysis of wireless sensor node architecture according to the specific requirements of any application. It thoroughly analyzes pros and cons of dual and single architectures providing designers with the basis to select the most efficient for each application. It also provides helpful considerations for optimal sensing-system design, analyzing how different strategies for sensor measuring and data exchanging affect node energy consumption.
Highly reliable, 65 nm-node Cu dual damascene interconnects with full porous-SiOCH (k=2.5) films for low-power ASICs

Fully-scaled-down, 65nm-node Cu dual damascene interconnects (DDIs) with 180nm/200nm-pitched lines and 100nm/sup /spl phi//-vias have been developed in full porous-SiOCH films (k=2.5). Two new techniques are introduced such as (1) a low thermal-budget process for securing the DDI via-yield without the Cu agglomeration, and (2) a "DD pore seal" covering all the side walls of the line-trenches and the vias for improving the dielectric reliability. The full porous-SiOCH DDI with the thin Ta/TaN barrier improves the overall RC product by 24% against the porous-on-rigid, hybrid single damascene interconnects (SDIs). The cost-effective, DDIs with k/sub eff/ /spl sim/3.0 is applicable especially for the 65nm-node, low-power ASICs.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Mutation Selection during In Vitro Exposure to Tenofovir Alone or Combined with Abacavir or Lamivudine

ABSTRACT Mutations selected or deselected during passage of human immunodeficiency virus strain HXB2 or resistant variants with tenofovir (TFV), abacavir (ABC), and lamivudine (3TC) differed depending on the drug combination and virus genotype. In the wild-type virus, TFV-ABC and TFV-3TC selected K65R (with reduced susceptibility to all three inhibitors) and then Y115F. TFV-containing regimens might increase K65R selection, which confers multiple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.
Prediction of pathologic complete response to sequential paclitaxel and 5‐fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide therapy using a 70‐gene classifier for breast cancers

Sequential administration of paclitaxel plus combined fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (P‐FEC) is 1 of the most common neoadjuvant chemotherapies for patients with primary breast cancer and produces pathologic complete response (pCR) rates of 20% to 30%. However, a predictor of pCR to this chemotherapy has yet to be developed. The authors developed such a predictor by using a proprietary DNA microarray for gene expression analysis of breast tumor tissues.
Instrumenting gait with an accelerometer: A system and algorithm examination

Gait is an important clinical assessment tool since changes in gait may reflect changes in general health. Measurement of gait is a complex process which has been restricted to the laboratory until relatively recently. The application of an inexpensive body worn sensor with appropriate gait algorithms (BWM) is an attractive alternative and offers the potential to assess gait in any setting. In this study we investigated the use of a low-cost BWM, compared to laboratory reference using a robust testing protocol in both younger and older adults. We observed that the BWM is a valid tool for estimating total step count and mean spatio-temporal gait characteristics however agreement for variability and asymmetry results was poor. We conducted a detailed investigation to explain the poor agreement between systems and determined it was due to inherent differences between the systems rather than inability of the sensor to measure the gait characteristics. The results highlight caution in the choice of reference system for validation studies. The BWM used in this study has the potential to gather longitudinal (real-world) spatio-temporal gait data that could be readily used in large lifestyle-based intervention studies, but further refinement of the algorithm(s) is required. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IPEM. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography—basic principles and cardiac applications

The very nature of nuclear medicine, the visual representation of injected radiopharmaceuticals, implies imaging of dynamic processes such as the uptake and wash-out of radiotracers from body organs. For years, nuclear medicine has been touted as the modality of choice for evaluating function in health and disease. This evaluation is greatly enhanced using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which permits three-dimensional (3D) visualization of tracer distributions in the body. However, to fully realize the potential of the technique requires the imaging of in vivo dynamic processes of flow and metabolism. Tissue motion and deformation must also be addressed. Absolute quantification of these dynamic processes in the body has the potential to improve diagnosis. This paper presents a review of advancements toward the realization of the potential of dynamic SPECT imaging and a brief history of the development of the instrumentation. A major portion of the paper is devoted to the review of special data processing methods that have been developed for extracting kinetics from dynamic cardiac SPECT data acquired using rotating detector heads that move as radiopharmaceuticals exchange between biological compartments. Recent developments in multi-resolution spatiotemporal methods enable one to estimate kinetic parameters of compartment models of dynamic processes using data acquired from a single camera head with slow gantry rotation. The estimation of kinetic parameters directly from projection measurements improves bias and variance over the conventional method of first reconstructing 3D dynamic images, generating time–activity curves from selected regions of interest and then estimating the kinetic parameters from the generated time–activity curves. Although the potential applications of SPECT for imaging dynamic processes have not been fully realized in the clinic, it is hoped that this review illuminates the potential of SPECT for dynamic imaging, especially in light of new developments that enable measurement of dynamic processes directly from projection measurements.
AN AROMATIC INVENTORY OF THE LOCAL VOLUME

Using infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, we perform the first inventory of aromatic feature emission (also commonly referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission) for a statistically complete sample of star-forming galaxies in the local volume. The photometric methodology involved is calibrated and demonstrated to recover the aromatic fraction of the Infrared Array Camera 8 μm flux with a standard deviation of 6% for a training set of 40 SINGS galaxies (ranging from stellar to dust dominated) with both suitable mid-infrared Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra and equivalent photometry. A potential factor of 2 improvement could be realized with suitable 5.5 μm and 10 μm photometry, such as what may be provided in the future by the James Webb Space Telescope. The resulting technique is then applied to mid-infrared photometry for the 258 galaxies from the Local Volume Legacy (LVL) survey, a large sample dominated in number by low-luminosity dwarf galaxies for which obtaining comparable mid-infrared spectroscopy is not feasible. We find the total LVL luminosity due to five strong aromatic features in the 8 μm complex to be 2.47 × 1010 L☉ with a mean volume density of 8.8 × 106 L☉ Mpc−3. Twenty-four of the LVL galaxies, corresponding to a luminosity cut at MB = −18.22, account for 90% of the aromatic luminosity. Using oxygen abundances compiled from the literature for 129 of the 258 LVL galaxies, we find a correlation between metallicity and the aromatic-to-total infrared emission ratio but not the aromatic-to-total 8 μm dust emission ratio. A possible explanation is that metallicity plays a role in the abundance of aromatic molecules relative to the total dust content, but other factors, such as star formation and/or the local radiation field, affect the excitation of those molecules.
Electric Secondary Distribution System Design

As energy prices and the costs of building new generating facilities continue to increase, electric utilities have started looking for ways to reduce system losses. The secondary distribution system is under scrutiny due to the large number of distribution transformers and high secondary load currents. A companion paper (Gibson et al., 2007) presents a new method of secondary distribution system modeling and load characterization. The secondary distribution system is modeled in terms of a few secondary circuit archetypes. The power demand of each load is derived from actual energy consumption. A computer software using Microsoft Excel has been developed to calculate the losses for all transformer secondary circuits in the pilot area, including energy losses in the service drops, secondary lines, and transformers; thus, the circuits with the greatest losses are identified for further study. The applications of the proposed secondary distribution model and load characterization on the economic analysis and design of secondary circuits are also presented.
Predictors of High-Quality Answers

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the predictors of high‐quality answers in a community‐driven question answering service (Yahoo! Answers). Design/methodology/approach – The identified predictors were organised into two categories: social and content features. Social features refer to the community aspects of the users and are extracted from explicit user interaction and feedback. Content features refer to the intrinsic and extrinsic content quality of answers that could be used to select the high‐quality answers. In total the framework built in this study comprises 17 features from two categories. Based on a randomly selected dataset of 1,600 question‐answer pairs from Yahoo! Answers, high‐quality answer predictors were identified.Findings – The results of the analysis showed the importance of content appraisal features over social and textual content features. The features identified as strongly associated with high‐quality answers include positive votes, completeness, presentation, relia.
Evaluation of Sensorless Methods for Synchronous-Linear-Motors by using a Magnetic Equivalent Circuit based Model

The Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) method is investigated for modeling the synchronous-linear-motor characteristics used by sensorless methods. The characteristics of interest are the magnetic saliencies due to the saturation that the secondary flux produces in the primary, and saliencies modification due to the load. They are not represented in the standard Fundamental-Wave model, and the usual tool for analyzing them is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Nevertheless, as the FEA models require extremely high computation time for dynamic simulations, the use of MEC is proposed to be used in this paper. The MEC is derived from the motor geometry, magnetic characteristics of the involved materials, and the winding arrangement. Consequently, with this model, a sensorless method can be analyzed and simulated for a given motor design before its prototype is build. In order to test the model, the injection of a high-frequency alternating voltage, as used in some sensorless methods, is simulated with the proposed model as well as implemented experimentally. The obtained results show agreement between them, demonstrating that the model is viable for analysis of sensorless methods.