Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart‐beat‐phase‐coherent Doppler optical coherence tomography for measuring pulsatile ocular blood flow

We introduce a Doppler OCT (DOCT) platform that is fully synchronized with the heart‐beat via a pulse oximeter. The system allows reconstructing heart‐beat‐phase‐coherent quantitative DOCT volumes. The method is to acquire a series of DOCT volumes and to record the pulse in parallel. The heartbeat data is used for triggering the start of each DOCT volume acquisition. The recorded volume series is registered to the level of capillaries using a cross‐volume registration. The information of the pulse phase is used to rearrange the tomograms in time, to obtain a series of phase coherent DOCT volumes over a pulse. We present Doppler angle independent quantitative evaluation of the absolute pulsatile blood flow within individual retinal vessels as well as of the total retinal blood flow over a full heartbeat cycle. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SemEval-2016 Task 14: Semantic Taxonomy Enrichment

Manually constructed taxonomies provide a crucial resource for many NLP technologies, yet these resources are often limited in their lexical coverage due to their construction procedure. While multiple approaches have been proposed to enrich such taxonomies with new concepts, these techniques are typically evaluated by measuring the accuracy at identifying relationships between words, e.g., that a dog is a canine, rather relationships between speciﬁc concepts. Task 14 provides an evaluation framework for automatic taxonomy enrichment techniques by measuring the placement of a new concept into an existing taxonomy: Given a new word and its deﬁnition, systems were asked to attach or merge the concept into an existing WordNet concept. Five teams submitted 13 systems to the task, all of which were able to improve over the random baseline system. However, only one participating system outperformed the second, more-competitive baseline that attaches a new term to the ﬁrst word in its gloss with the appropriate part of speech, which indicates that techniques must be adapted to exploit the structure of glosses.
Constrained frequent itemset mining from uncertain data streams

Frequent itemset mining is a common data mining task for many real-life applications. The mined frequent itemsets can be served as building blocks for various patterns including association rules and frequent sequences. Many existing algorithms mine for frequent itemsets from traditional static transaction databases, in which the contents of each transaction (namely, items) are definitely known and precise. However, there are many situations in which ones are uncertain about the contents of transactions. This calls for the mining of uncertain data. Moreover, there are also situations in which users are interested in only some portions of the mined frequent itemsets (i.e., itemsets satisfying user-specified constraints, which express the user interest). This leads to constrained mining. Furthermore, due to advances in technology, a flood of data can be produced in many situations. This calls for the mining of data streams. To deal with all these situations, we propose tree-based algorithms to efficiently mine streams of uncertain data for frequent itemsets that satisfy user-specified constraints.
Imaging Human Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission with Positron Emission Tomography. Part II: Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Functional Subdivisions of the Striatum

The human striatum is functionally organized into limbic, associative, and sensorimotor subdivisions, which process information related to emotional, cognitive, and motor function. Dopamine projections ascending from the midbrain provide important modulatory input to these striatal subregions. The aim of this study was to compare activation of dopamine D2 receptors after amphetamine administration in the functional subdivisions of the human striatum. D2 receptor availability (V3″) was measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride in 14 healthy volunteers under control conditions and after the intravenous administration of amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg). For each condition, [11C]raclopride was administered as a priming bolus followed by constant infusion, and measurements of D2 receptor availability were obtained under sustained binding equilibrium conditions. Amphetamine induced a significantly larger reduction in D2 receptor availability (ΔV3″) in limbic (ventral striatum, −15.3 ± 11.8%) and sensorimotor (postcommissural putamen, −16.1 ± 9.6%) regions compared with associative regions (caudate and precommissural putamen, −8.1 ± 7.2%). Results of this region-of-interest analysis were confirmed by a voxel-based analysis. Correction for the partial volume effect showed even greater differences in ΔV3″ between limbic (−17.8 ± 13.8%), sensorimotor (−16.6 ± 9.9%), and associative regions (−7.5 ± 7.5%). The increase in euphoria reported by subjects after amphetamine was associated with larger ΔV3″ in the limbic and sensorimotor regions, but not in the associative regions. These results show significant differences in the dopamine response to amphetamine between the functional subdivisions of the human striatum. The mechanisms potentially accounting for these regional differences in amphetamine-induced dopamine release within the striatum remain to be elucidated, but may be related to the asymmetrical feed-forward influences mediating the integration of limbic, cognitive, and sensorimotor striatal function via dopamine cell territories in the ventral midbrain.
A Real-Time Embedded System for Stereo Vision Preprocessing Using an FPGA

In this paper a low level vision processing node for use in existing IEEE 1394 camera setups is presented. The processing node is a small embedded system, that utilizes an FPGA to perform stereo vision preprocessing at rates limited by the bandwidth of IEEE 1394a (400 Mbit). The system is used in a hybrid architecture [5], where it produces undistorted and rectified 512 x 512 images at 2 x 15 frames pr. second (fps) as either a downsampled version or a region of interest (ROI) of the high resolution camera output. Three processes are performed: Bayer demosaicing, downsampling and region of interest extraction, and undistortion and rectification. The latency of the system when running at 2 x 15 fps is 30 ms.
Body weight and socio-economic determinants: quantile estimations from the British Household Panel Survey

This work examines the socio-economic determinants of body weight in the United Kingdom by means of two recent waves from the British Household Panel Survey. While the patterns of overweight and obesity have drawn economists’ interest in recent years, our main contribution is to examine the weight determinants on the conditional distribution of body weight across individuals. Are there differing socio-economic causes for gaining weight in highly overweight people compared with underweight ones? For instance, we examine whether reduction in smoking affects differently individuals located among the most and the least of the weight distributions. Our results for significant determinants support some findings in the literature, but also point to new conclusions. In many cases, quantile regression estimates are quite different from OLS regressions ones. Among obese people, our results reveal that they are less so as males do not spend extra-time at work or females increases physical activities. Furthermore, smoking cessation may lead to moderate effects on weight increases only for underweight and normalweight subjects but they are not significant for people affected by higher obesity prevalence rates.
Involvement of CYP2A6 in the Formation of a Novel Metabolite, 3-Hydroxypilocarpine, from Pilocarpine in Human Liver Microsomes

Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that is metabolized to pilocarpic acid by serum esterase. In this study, we discovered a novel metabolite in human urine after the oral administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride, and we investigated the metabolic enzyme responsible for the metabolite formation. The structure of the metabolite was identified as 3-hydroxypilocarpine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and NMR analyses and by comparing to the authentic metabolite. To clarify the human cytochrome P450 (P450) responsible for the metabolite formation, in vitro experiments using P450 isoform-selective inhibitors, cDNA-expressed human P450s (Supersomes; CYP1A2, -2A6, -2B6, -2C9, -2C19, -2D6, -2E1, and -3A4), and liver microsomes from different donors were conducted. The formation of 3-hydroxypilocarpine in human liver microsomes was strongly inhibited (>90%) by 200 μM coumarin. Other selective inhibitors of CYP1A2 (furafylline and α-naphthoflavone), CYP2C9 (sulfaphenazole), CYP2C19 [(S)-mephenytoin], CYP2E1 (4-methylpyrazole), CYP2D6 (quinidine), and CYP3A4 (troleandomycin) had a weak inhibitory effect (<20%) on the formation. The highest formation activity was expressed by recombinant CYP2A6. The Km value for recombinant CYP2A6 was 3.1 μM, and this value is comparable with that of human liver microsomes (1.5 μM). The pilocarpine 3-hydroxylation activity was correlated with coumarin 7-hydroxylation activity in 16 human liver microsomes (r = 0.98). These data indicated that CYP2A6 is the main enzyme responsible for the 3-hydroxylation of pilocarpine. In conclusion, we identified a novel metabolite of pilocarpine, 3-hydroxypilocarpine, and we clarified the involvement of CYP2A6 in the formation of this molecule in human liver microsomes.
Asymptotic Giant Branch predictions: Theoretical uncertainties

In this paper we investigate the level of agreement between observations and \new" Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) models, as produced by updating the physical inputs adopted in previous stellar computations. One nds that the new physics increases the predicted luminosity of Horizontal Branch (HB) and AGB stellar structures by a similar amount, keeping unchanged the predictions about the dierence in luminosity between these two evolutionary phases. The best t of selected globular clusters appears rather satisfactory, disclosing the relevance of the assumption on the mass of the Red Giant Branch (RGB) progenitor in assessing the distance modulus of moderately metal rich clusters. The still existing uncertainties related either to the input physics or to the eciency of some macroscopic mechanisms, like convection or microscopic diusion, are critically discussed, ruling out the occurrence of the so called \breathing pulses" during the central He exhaustion, in agreement with earlier suggestions.
Effect of the change of flight, navigation and motor data visualization on psychophysiological state of pilots

Psychological discomfort and stress may negatively affect various work activities especially in professions that are directly responsible for the lives and health of human beings. We can find these kinds of professions mainly in civil aviation, specifically the profession of a pilot. Analysis showed, that the legislative requirements for the qualifications of a pilot, require only the competence for a particular aircraft but they don't take in account the ergonomics of the cabin and the visualization of the basic flight data (analog, glass-cockpit). That's the reason why this paper assesses the influence of flight, navigation and engine data visualization on psychophysiological state of the pilot. In this paper we used the measuring of the heart rate as the main indicator of stress. Spectral analysis was used for the assessment of stress levels with main focus on the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The evaluation was based on twenty subjects in flight training, which were divided into two groups. Each group had different methods of training based on flight data visualization. The results show that the group with the more extensive glass-cockpit training exhibit lower values of psychophysiological stress. These findings may contribute to the increase of aviation safety and the description of human-machine interface in aviation.
Sub-computable Boundedness Randomness

This paper defines a new notion of bounded computable randomness for certain classes of sub-computable functions which lack a universal machine. In particular, we define such versions of randomness for primitive recursive functions and for PSPACE functions. These new notions are robust in that there are equivalent formulations in terms of (1) Martin-L\"of tests, (2) Kolmogorov complexity, and (3) martingales. We show these notions can be equivalently defined with prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity. We prove that one direction of van Lambalgen's theorem holds for relative computability, but the other direction fails. We discuss statistical properties of these notions of randomness.
Terahertz composite right-left handed transmission-line metamaterial waveguides

We report terahertz metamaterial waveguides based on the concept of composite right/left-handed transmission-lines. The waveguides are implemented in a metal-insulator-metal geometry fabricated with spin-coated Benzocyclobutene and contact photolithography. Angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy shows strong resonant absorption features corresponding to both right-handed and left-handed (backward wave) propagating modes within the leaky-wave bandwidth. Tuning of the waveguide dispersion is achieved by varying the effective lumped element series capacitance. The experimental results are in good agreement with full-wave finite element method simulations as well as an intuitive transmission-line circuit model.
SoC Speed Binning Using Machine Learning and On-Chip Slack Sensors

Speed binning of system-on-chips (SoCs) using conventional <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> test requires application of complex functional test patterns. Functional workload-based speed binning techniques incur high test-cost in terms of long test-time and complexity in functional test generation, and require high-end automatic test equipment. In this paper, we propose a novel speed binning flow that uses path timing slacks, extracted with robust digital embedded sensor IPs, of selected critical/near-critical paths. We apply machine learning techniques to model a predictor considering the extracted slacks and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values from a set of randomly tested die during wafer sort. The trained predictor is used to obtain the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the remaining chips. The proposed flow has been demonstrated in an SoC benchmark circuit at 28 nm technology. For sufficient number of training samples, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is correctly predicted for 99% of the prediction samples.
The Potential Impact of Displacing Sedentary Time in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT Purpose Sedentary time, in particular, prolonged unbroken sedentary time, is detrimental to health and displaces time spent in either light or moderate intensity physical activity. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the potential impact of reallocating time from sedentary behaviors to more active behaviors on measures of body composition and metabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Participants were 519 adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who had been recruited to the Early Activity in Diabetes (Early ACTID) randomized controlled trial. Waist-worn accelerometers were used to obtain objective measurement of sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline alongside clinical measurements and fasting blood samples to determine cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and glucose. Isotemporal substitution modeling was performed to determine the potential impact of reallocating 30 min of sedentary time accumulated in a single bout (long bout) with 30 min of interrupted sedentary time, LPA, or MVPA. Results Sedentary time accounted for 65% of the waking day, of which 45% was accumulated in prolonged (≥30 min) bouts. Reallocation of 30 min of long-bout sedentary time with 30 min of short-bout sedentary time was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (adjusted β, −0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.00, −0.21) and waist circumference (WC) (adjusted β, −1.16; 95% CI, −2.08, −0.25). Stronger effects were seen for LPA and MVPA. Reallocation of 30 min of long-bout sedentary time with LPA was associated with higher HDL-cholesterol (adjusted β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00–0.03 mmol·L−1). Conclusions Encouraging adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to break up prolonged periods of sedentary time may be an effective strategy for improving body composition and metabolic health.
Probability vectors: a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm for k-ary n-cubes

This paper describes a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm for the k-ary n-cube using the concept of "probability vectors". To compute these vectors, a node determines first its faulty set, which contains all its neighbouring nodes that are faulty or unreachable due to faulty nodes or links. Each node then calculates a probability vector, where the i-th element represents the probability that a destination node at distance i cannot be reached using a minimal path due to a faulty node or link. The probability vectors are used by all the nodes to achieve an efficient fault-tolerant routing in the network. Results from a performance analysis presented below show that the new algorithm exhibits good fault-tolerance properties in terms of the achieved percentage of reachablity and routing distances.
The Socioeconomic Determinants of Health: Economic Growth and Health in the OECD Countries during the Last Three Decades

In times of economic crisis, most countries face the dual challenge of fighting unemployment while restraining social expenditures and closing budget deficits. The spending cuts and lack of employment affect a large number of decisions that have a direct or indirect impact on health. This impact is likely to be unevenly distributed among different groups within the population, and therefore not only health levels may be at risk, but also their distribution. The main purpose of this paper is to explore links between unemployment, economic growth, inequality, and health. We regress a measure of health, the Health Human Development Index (HHDI), against a set of explanatory variables accounting for the countries’ economic performance (GDP growth, unemployment, and income inequality), and some institutional factors related to welfare spending and the nature of the health systems for the past three decades. In addition, we explore the causes for different results obtained using an inequality-adjusted HHDI, vs. the unadjusted HHDI. We describe a panel data model, estimated by random effects, for 32 countries from 1980–2010, in five-year intervals. Our conclusion is that the high economic growth observed in the last decades, together with an increase in the levels of income inequality and/or poverty, explain the observed changes of our index, particularly when this indicator is weighted by health inequality. The remaining institutional variables (the share of social spending, health care expenditure, and the type of health systems) show the expected sign but are not statistically significant. A comment on the methodological pitfalls of the approach completes the analysis.
1 1 Poly ( Methyl Methacrylate ) ( PMMA ) Nanocomposite Foams

PMMA is an important polymer for mechanical and optical applications due to its feasibility, good tensile strength and hardness, high rigidity, high transparency in the visible wavelength range, high surface resistivity, good insulation properties, and thermal stability. In the last two decades, PMMA nanocomposites incorporating nanoscale particles have attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry because of the high potential for new and/or improved properties enabled and/or enhanced by these nanoparticles (Burda et al., 2005). CONTENTS
A HIGH PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK FOR AGENT BASED PEDESTRIAN DYNAMICS ON GPU HARDWARE

Pedestrian simulations have recently focused on top-down implementations ignoring more computationally intensive agent based dynamics. This paper presents a framework for agent based modelling on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) which demonstrates large scale pedestrian simulation and rendering. GPU hardware offers significant performance for dynamic large crowd simulations, however the process of mapping computational tasks to the GPU is not trivial and expert knowledge is required. An agent based specification technique is therefore presented, which allows the underlying GPU data storage and agent communication to be hidden. The framework allows the use of static maps to set static environment obstacles and a zoning technique is described for route planning. Parallel population feedback routines are also used to implement Level of Detail (LOD) rendering which avoids any costly CPU data read-back.
Role of Salt Migration in Destabilization of Intra Permafrost Hydrates in the Arctic Shelf: Experimental Modeling

Destabilization of intrapermafrost gas hydrate is one possible reason for methane emission on the Arctic shelf. The formation of these intrapermafrost gas hydrates could occur almost simultaneously with the permafrost sediments due to the occurrence of a hydrate stability zone after sea regression and the subsequent deep cooling and freezing of sediments. The top of the gas hydrate stability zone could exist not only at depths of 200–250 m, but also higher due to local pressure increase in gas-saturated horizons during freezing. Formed at a shallow depth, intrapermafrost gas hydrates could later be preserved and transform into a metastable (relict) state. Under the conditions of submarine permafrost degradation, exactly relict hydrates located above the modern gas hydrate stability zone will, first of all, be involved in the decomposition process caused by negative temperature rising, permafrost thawing, and sediment salinity increasing. That’s why special experiments were conducted on the interaction of frozen sandy sediments containing relict methane hydrates with salt solutions of different concentrations at negative temperatures to assess the conditions of intrapermafrost gas hydrates dissociation. Experiments showed that the migration of salts into frozen hydrate-containing sediments activates the decomposition of pore gas hydrates and increase the methane emission. These results allowed for an understanding of the mechanism of massive methane release from bottom sediments of the East Siberian Arctic shelf.
Sex steroid hormones modulate responses to social challenge and opportunity in males of the monogamous convict cichlid

Steroid hormones play an important role in modulating behavioral responses to various social stimuli. It has been suggested that variation in the hormonal regulation of behavior across species is associated with social organization and/or mating system. In order to further elucidate the interplay of hormones and behavior in social situations, we exposed males of the monogamous convict cichlid Amatitliana nigrofasciata to three social stimuli: gravid female, intruder male, and a nonsocial stimulus. We used a repeated measure design to create behavioral profiles and explore how sex steroid hormones respond to and regulate social behavior. Results show distinct behavioral responses to different social situations, with circulating 11-ketotestosterone increasing in response to social stimuli. Pharmacological manipulations using specific androgen and estrogen receptor agonists and antagonists exposed complex control over digging behavior in the social opportunity context. In the social challenge context, aggressive behaviors decreased in response to blocking the androgen receptor pathway. Our results extend our understanding of sex steroid regulation of behavioral responses to social stimulation. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.