Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Vistas on Oxidative Damage and Aging

Age-associated rises in oxidative damage are assumed to be a central phenomenon of aging. Their attenuation is an aim for both healthy aging and life extension. This review intends to critically discuss the potential of anti-oxidant actions, but even more to direct the attention to the modes of radical avoidance and to regulatory networks involved. Mitochondria seem to play a decisive role in radical formation and cellular decline. Avoidance and repair of disruptions in the electron transport chain reduce electron leakage and, thus, oxidative damage. Several low molecular weight compounds, such as melatonin, its metabolite N 1 -acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, resveratrol, � -lipoic acid, and various mitochondrially targeted nitrones are capable of supporting mitochondrial electron flux. Some of them have been successfully used for extending the lifespan of experimental animals. Importantly, chemopreventive effects of these substances against cancer development should not be confused with a slowing of the aging process. We also focus on connections between these compounds and mitochondrial biogenesis, including the roles of sirtuins and signaling via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-� coactivator-1� , the participation of the circadian oscillator system in radical avoidance, as well as the potentially beneficial or detrimental effects of NO, as either a regulator or a source of mitochondrial dysfunction. Especially in the central nervous system, anti-excitatory actions by melatonin, kynurenic acid and theanine are discussed, which seem to prevent calcium overload that results in mitochondrial dysfunction. New findings on direct binding of melatonin to the amphipathic ramp of Complex I may indicate an additional regulatory role in the avoidance of electron leakage.
Husband Involvement in the Prevention of Maternal Ill-health : the Determinants of Husband Domestic Support in Rural Lowland Nepal

With a maternal mortality rate of 539 per 100.000 live births, maternal health is of much concern in Nepal. In general, the availability and quality of (emergency) obstetric services is inadequate while the utilisation of maternity health services is lower in Nepal compared to other countries with similar infrastructure. Jahn et al. (2000) observe that cultural barriers, perceived low quality of care, perceived discrimination of rural people, and the lack of a perceived health gain are at the roots of under utilisation of services. One of the consequences is that most of the deliveries take place at home (89%) (Ministry of Health 2002). This situation makes the social environment at household level and the role of men therein of relative importance to any preventive measures concerning maternal ill health.
Learning from Small Sample Sets by Combining Unsupervised Meta-Training with CNNs

This work explores CNNs for the recognition of novel categories from few examples. Inspired by the transferability properties of CNNs, we introduce an additional unsupervised meta-training stage that exposes multiple top layer units to a large amount of unlabeled real-world images. By encouraging these units to learn diverse sets of low-density separators across the unlabeled data, we capture a more generic, richer description of the visual world, which decouples these units from ties to a specific set of categories. We propose an unsupervised margin maximization that jointly estimates compact high-density regions and infers low-density separators. The low-density separator (LDS) modules can be plugged into any or all of the top layers of a standard CNN architecture. The resulting CNNs significantly improve the performance in scene classification, fine-grained recognition, and action recognition with small training samples.
Active Fault Tolerant approach for wind turbines

In this paper, a two-level reconfiguration action is used to design an Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC) system. The first level of the procedure is triggered when the impact of the fault on the system performance is limited. The reconfigurable controller is updated by the new post-fault system model. At the second level a dynamic reference modification based on Reference Governor (RG) is proposed. The idea consists of modifying the set-point or reference according to the allowable performance degradation and the system constraints which become more strict after fault occurrence in order to avoid any actuator saturation and ensure system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is illustrated by a wind turbine example subjects to actuator faults and constrained on the actuator dynamic ranges.
Dynamic approach for micromagnetics close to the Curie temperature

In conventional micromagnetism magnetic domain configurations are calculated based on a continuum theory for the magnetization. This theory assumes that the absolute magnetization value is constant in space and time. Dynamics is usually described with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, the stochastic variant of which includes finite temperatures. Using simulation techniques with atomistic resolution we show that this conventional micromagnetic approach fails for higher temperatures since we find two effects which cannot be described in terms of the LLG equation: (i) an enhanced damping when approaching the Curie temperature and, (ii) a magnetization magnitude that is not constant in time. We show, however, that both of these effects are naturally described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation which links the LLG equation with the theory of critical phenomena and turns out to be a more realistic equation for magnetization dynamics at elevated temperatures.
Developmental expression of P5 ATPase mRNA in the mouse

P5 ATPases (ATP13A1 through ATP13A5) are found in all eukaryotes. They are currently poorly characterized and have unknown substrate specificity. Recent evidence has linked two P5 ATPases to diseases of the nervous system, suggesting possible importance of these proteins within the nervous system. In this study we determined the relative expression of mouse P5 ATPases in development using quantitative real time PCR. We have shown that ATP13A1 and ATP13A2 were both expressed similarly during development, with the highest expression levels at the peak of neurogenesis. ATP13A3 was expressed highly during organogenesis with one of its isoforms playing a more predominant role during the period of neuronal development. ATP13A5 was expressed most highly in the adult mouse brain. We also assessed the expression of these genes in various regions of the adult mouse brain. ATP13A1 to ATP13A4 were expressed differentially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brainstem and cerebellum while levels of ATP13A5 were fairly constant between these brain regions. Moreover, we demonstrated expression of the ATP13A4 protein in the corresponding brain regions using immunohistochemistry. In summary, this study furthers our knowledge of P5-type ATPases and their potentially important role in the nervous system.
Towards the Verification of Services Collaboration

Assuring the consistency between collaborative services is a challenge problem in service oriented architecture. In this paper, we propose an approach to verifying the consistency of collaborative services based upon model checking. We first introduce an Extended UML Sequence Diagram for modeling dynamic behavior of collaborative service combining with UML State Chart Diagram. And then we define Collaboration-Contracts and obtain the verification model from the dynamic behavior models. Finally, wean automatically verify the consistency of collaborative services in behavior models by using an integrated SPIN-binding modeling tool Trustable MDA we developed to, In addition, a user-friendly service simulator is provided to locate the position of inconsistency.
Riksbank Working Paper Series Monetary Policy with Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass-Through

The central bank’s optimal reaction to foreign and domestic shocks is analyzed in an inflation targeting model allowing for incomplete exchange rate pass-through. Limited pass-through is incorporated through nominal rigidities in an aggregate supply-aggregate demand model derived from some microfoundations. Three main results are obtained. First, the results suggest that the interest rate response to foreign shocks is smaller when pass-through is low. Second, the inflation–output variability trade-off becomes more favourable as pass-through decreases. Third, lower pass-through, that is larger nominal rigidity, leads to higher exchange rate volatility. With exogenous nominal price stickiness, part of the required relative price adjustment is provided through larger movements in the endogenously determined exchange rate.
Perception of spiritual health: A qualitative content analysis in Iranian older adults

ABSTRACT The present study was performed with the aim to explain older people’s perceptions of spiritual health. It was conducted using the conventional content analysis method. Twelve individuals aged 60 years or older with normal cognition participated in the study using purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth interviews. Data analysis performed using standard method of thematic analysis.The average age of the study participants was 71.25 ± 9.48. The data analysis resulted in three main categories of spiritual insight, spiritual function, and spiritual affection. The spiritual insight included cognition of God and belief in Him, understanding of the divine religions and belief in them, self-cognition, cognition of the creation, and belief in the hereafter. This category included the two subcategories of spiritual cognition and spiritual belief. Spiritual function represented the interactions that the older people experienced in relations with God, themselves, and others. This category consisted of the subcategories of relationship with God, relationship with others, and self-cultivation. The spiritual affection included loving God and other humans and consisted of the three subcategories of spiritual affections to God, others, and oneself. This study presents in-depth data on the concept of spiritual health from older people’s viewpoints. These findings would help healthcare teams in designing appropriate interventions for older people’s health promotion. Also, by using the results of this research, health researchers design more appropriate tools for measuring spiritual health based on older people’s perception of the concept of spiritual health.
A Family of Characteristic Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Transient Advection-Diffusion Equations and Their Optimal-Order L^2 Error Estimates

We develop a family of characteristic discontinuous Galerkin methods for transient advection-diffusion equations, including the characteristic NIPG, OBB, IIPG, and SIPG schemes. The derived schemes possess combined advantages of Eulerian- Lagrangian methods and discontinuous Galerkin methods. An optimal-order error estimate in the L 2 norm and a superconvergence estimate in a weighted energy norm are proved for the characteristic NIPG, IIPG, and SIPG scheme. Numerical experi- ments are presented to confirm the optimal-order spatial and temporal convergence rates of these schemes as proved in the theorems and to show that these schemes com- pare favorably to the standard NIPG, OBB, IIPG, and SIPG schemes in the context of advection-diffusion equations. AMS subject classifications: 35R32, 37N30, 65M12, 76N15
Pareto envelopes in R3 under l1 and l∞ distance functions

Given a vector objective function f = (f<sub>1</sub>,.,f<sub>n</sub>) defined on a set X, a point y∈X is <i>dominated</i> by a point x∈ X if f<sub>i</sub>(x) < f<sub>i</sub>(y) forall i∈(1,.,n) and there exists an index j∈(1,.,n) such that f<sub>j</sub>(x) < f<sub>j</sub>(y). The non-dominated pointsof X are called the <i>Pareto optima</i> of f. H. Kuhn(1973) applied the concept of Pareto optimality to distancefunctions and characterized the convex hull conv (T) of any set T=(t<sub>1</sub>,.,t<sub>n</sub>) of R<sup>m</sup> as the set of all Paretooptima of the vector function d<sub>2</sub>(x)=(d<sub>2</sub>(x,t<sub>1</sub>),. ,d<sub>2</sub>(x,t<sub>n</sub>)), where d<sub>2</sub>(x,y)is the Euclidean distance between x,y∈ R<sup>m</sup>. Motivatedby this result, given a set T=(t<sub>1</sub>,.,t<sub>n</sub>) of points of ametric space (X,d), we call the set P<sub>d</sub>(T) of all Paretooptima of the function d(x)=(d(x,t<sub>1</sub>),. ,d(x,t<sub>n</sub>)) the <i>Pareto envelope</i> of T. In this paper, we investigate the Pareto envelopes in R<sup>m</sup> endowed with l<sub>1</sub>- or l<sub>∞</sub>-distances. We characterize PI(T) in all dimensions and PM(T) in R<sup>3</sup>. Usingthese results, we design efficient algorithms for constructing theseenvelopes in R<sup>3</sup>, in particular, an optimal O(n logn)-time algorithm for PM(T) and an O(n log<sup>2</sup>n)-time algorithmfor PI(T).
Modelling the formation of galaxy clusters in MOND

We use a one-dimensional hydrodynamical code to study the evolution of spherically symmetric perturbations in the framework of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). The code evolves spherical gaseous shells in an expanding Universe by employing a MOND-type relationship between the fluctuations in the density field and the gravitational force, g. We focus on the evolution of initial density perturbations of the form δ i ∼ r −s for 0 < s < 3. A shell is initially cold and remains so until it encounters the shock formed by the earlier collapse of shells nearer to the centre. During the early epochs g is sufficiently large and shells move according to Newtonian gravity. As the physical size of the perturbation increases with time, g gets smaller and the evolution eventually becomes MOND-dominated. However, the density in the inner collapsed regions is large enough that they re-enter the Newtonian regime. The evolved gas temperature and density profiles tend to a universal form that is independent of the slope, s, and of the initial amplitude. An analytic explanation of this intriguing result is offered. Over a wide range of scales, the temperature, density and entropy profiles in the simulations depend on radius roughly like r 0.5 , r −1.5 and r 1.5 , respectively. We compare our results with XMM‐Newton and Chandra observations of clusters. The temperature profiles of 16 observed clusters are either flat or show a mild decrease at R 200 kpc. MOND profiles show a significant increase that cannot be reconciled with the data. Our simulated MOND clusters are substantially denser than the observed clusters. It remains to be seen whether these difficulties persist in three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with generic initial
Detecting dopamine dysfunction with pharmacological MRI

This thesis aims to further characterize the neurobiological origins underlying the pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) signal. phMRI is an MRI technique that measures the hemodynamic response to a psychotropic drug in order to non-invasively visualize neurochemical processes in the brain. Our second aim was to use this knowledge to investigate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH), used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), on the developing dopamine (DA) system (i.e. its age-dependency). Our results from studies in amphetamine users and ADHD patients are promising as they show that phMRI can detect DA abnormalities in the human brain. However, further technological improvements are necessary to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the technique and to allow advancement of this field. In addition, we showed for the first time that ADHD medications, such as MPH, have differential effects on the developing compared to the matured brain in humans; in a randomized clinical trial the cerebral blood flow in response to MPH was increased in children, but not adults, treated with MPH for four months. This has important implications with regard to the use (and increased prescription rates) of MPH in the treatment of ADHD, because the brains of children are still developing. Therefore, our findings stress the need for future studies on the long-term effects of MPH in children.
Cooperative beamforming and jammer selection strategies for two-hop secure communication

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to enhance the security of a single source-destination cooperative network with multiple helpers and one eavesdropper, where a helper operates as a jammer and the others use amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol to deliver a weighted version of the received signal. Since the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper is not available, we hope to achieve the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and guarantee that the jamming signal is cancelled out at the destination. The weights of the relay can be obtained by just solving a semidefinite programming (SDP) without bisection search. We provide two jammer selection strategies for two cases, i.e., with or without knowledge of the eavesdropper's position. Simulation results confirm a great improvement of the security in the considered network.
Relationship between the Haar transform and the MRT

The Haar transform is an important signal transform that converts real input to real output, and it has been applied in various tasks in signal and image processing. The M-dimensional Real Transform (MRT) is a recently developed transform, and it shares the real-to-real conversion property of the Haar transform. This paper attempts to study the relationships between these two transforms.
A management for the deployment of presence service using a dynamic routing algoritm in the IMS nodes

According to increasing the network traffic in the IMS, the role of Network Management System (NMS) is very important because of limited network resources. It can perform two kinds of routing ways with the capability of static or dynamic routing. A dynamic routing way is more efficient than static routing one because it can make the flow of traffic changeful among nodes in the IMS. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a management function of NMS, applying a dynamic routing algorithm for managing the CSCFs in the IMS.
Effectiveness of community-based complementary food supplement (Yingyangbao) distribution in children aged 6-23 months in poor areas in China

Background Poor growth and micronutrient deficiency mainly attack older infants and young children. Some countries have adopted clinically effective measures to combat malnutrition, but the compliance and improvement in efficacy of intervention vehicles in national programs require evaluation. Methods Baseline and follow-up cross-sectional surveys were conducted before and after a nutrition intervention program in 3 national poverty counties in China. Soybean-based complementary food supplements called Yingyangbao (YYB) in Chinese and training materials on child feeding were distributed to households with children aged 6–23 months for 18 months. Representative children were selected by probability proportional to size sampling methods to assess compliance of YYB and the intervention efficacy. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on basic characteristics of children, breastfeeding, 24-hour dietary intake, and consumption and appetite of YYB. Anthropometrics and hemoglobin were measured in the field, and anemia prevalence was evaluated. Venous blood was drawn from children aged 12–35 months to evaluate micronutrient status. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for children’s anemia. Results Of the children involved in the follow-up survey (n = 693), the P50 (P25, P75) intake of YYB was 6.7 (3.5, 7.0) sachets weekly, and 54.7% of the children liked the taste of YYB. Compared with the baseline situation (n = 823), the proportion of children fed a diverse diet and foods rich in iron or vitamin A increased (P < 0.01) in the follow-up study. The prevalence of stunting and underweight decreased (P < 0.05), the prevalence of anemia decreased from 28.0% to 19.9% (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency decreased from 26.8% to 15.4% (P < 0.01). For children aged 12–23 months, those who liked YYB and consumed 6 or more sachets of YYB weekly were at lower risk for anemia (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.90, P < 0.05), but the risk of stunting was associated with a non-diverse diet (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.06–2.07, P < 0.05). Conclusion The quality of diet and nutritional status of children aged 6–23 months are significantly improved by the intervention of YYB and nutrition education, and good compliance to YYB contributes to a low risk for anemia. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-OOC-16008846
Integrating cliques as query context into information retrieval model

Query is an important element that provides a specification of the users' information need. Many Studies have found contexts within query that strongly influence the interpretation of a query. In this paper, we propose to use cliques as query context which refers to context words within the query. This approach refers to cliques as query context which is particularly useful for the selection of relevant term relations to avoid topic drift. Our experiments on several collections show that the new approach bring significant improvements and more effective on collections.
High Time Resolution Carrier Interferometry for MIMO/OFDM

In MIMO systems, channel estimation is important to distinguish transmit signals from multiple transmit antennas. When MIMO systems are introduced in cellular systems, we have to measure the received power from all the connectable base station (BS), as well as to identify all the channel state information (CSI) for the combination of transmitter and receiver antenna elements. One of the most typical channel estimation schemes for MIMO in a cellular system is to employ a code division multiplexing (CDM) based scheme in which a unique spreading code is assigned to identify both BS and MS antenna elements. However, by increasing the number of transmit antenna elements, a large spreading code and pilot symbols are required to estimate an accurate CSI. To reduce this problem, in this paper, we propose a high time resolution carrier interferometry (HTRCI) for MIMO/OFDM to achieve an accurate CSI without increasing the number of pilot symbols.
Statistical approaches to DDoS attack detection and response

The nature of the threats posed by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on large networks, such as the Internet, demands effective detection and response methods. These methods must be deployed not only at the edge but also at the core of the network This paper presents methods to identify DDoS attacks by computing entropy and frequency-sorted distributions of selected packet attributes. The DDoS attacks show anomalies in the characteristics of the selected packet attributes. The detection accuracy and performance are analyzed using live traffic traces from a variety of network environments ranging from points in the core of the Internet to those inside an edge network The results indicate that these methods can be effective against current attacks and suggest directions for improving detection of more stealthy attacks. We also describe our detection-response prototype and how the detectors can be extended to make effective response decisions.