Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disjoint-access-parallel implementations of strong shared memory primitives

In this paper, we present efficient implementations of strong shared memory primitives. We use the asynchronous shar-ed memory model. In this model, processes communicate by applying primitive operations (e.g. Read, Write) to a shared memory. We define disjoint-access-parallel implementations. Intuitively, an implementation of shared memory primitives is disjoint-access-parallel, if processes which execute shared memory operations that access disjoint sets of words, progress concurrently, without interfering with each other (under an assumption described in the paper). Two commonly used primitives, both in theory and in practice, are Compare @Swap ( C’&S) and the pair Load Linked (LL) and Store Conditional (SC). We present an efficient, non-blocking, disjointaccess-parallel implementation of LL and SCn, using Read and CBS. SCn is a generalization of SC, which accesses n memory words. This implementation is constructed in three stages. We first present an implementation of L-L, SC and an additional primitive, called Validate ( VL), using Read and C&S. We then present an implementation of Read and CLYSn, using LL, SC and VL ( C&Sn is a generalization of C&S, which accesses n memory words). Finally, we present an implementation of SCn, using Read and Ct3’Sn. The work and space complexities of the implementations presented in this paper, improve the work and space complexities of previous works. *e-mail: amOs@ee. techniOn.ac. il t ~-mtil: fihu@cs . technion.ac. i] Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association of Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and[or specific permission. PODC 94-8194 Los Angeles CA USA @ 1994 ACM 0-89791 -654-9/94/0008. $3.50 Lihu Rappoportt Faculty of Computer Science
Evaluation of Value-at-Risk Models Using Historical Data

We study the effect of restrictions on dual trading in futures contracts. Previous studies have found that dual trading restrictions can have a positive, negative, or neutral effect on market liquidity. In this paper, we propose that trader heterogeneity may explain these conflicting empirical results. We find that, for contracts affected by restrictions, the change in market activity following restrictions differs between contracts. More important, the effect of a restriction varies among dual traders in the same market. For example, dual traders who ceased trading the S&P 500 index futures following restrictions had the highest personal trading skills prior to restrictions. However, realized bid-ask spreads for customers did not increase following restrictions. Our results imply that securities regulation may adversely affect customers, but in ways not captured by broad-based liquidity measures, such as the bid-ask spread.
Numerical simulation of liver perfusion: from CT scans to FE model

Abstract —We use a collection of Python programs for numerical simulationof liver perfusion. We have an application for semi-automatic generation ofa ﬁnite element mesh of the human liver from computed tomography scansand for reconstruction of the liver vascular structure. When the real vasculartrees can not be obtained from the CT data we generate artiﬁcial trees usingthe constructive optimization method. The generated FE mesh and vasculartrees are imported into SfePy (Simple Finite Elements in Python) and numericalsimulations are performed in order to get the pressure distribution and perfusionﬂows in the liver tissue. In the post-processing steps we calculate transport of acontrast ﬂuid through the liver parenchyma. Index Terms —segmentation, liver perfusion, multicompartment model, ﬁniteelement method, ﬁnite volume method 1 I NTRODUCTION A patient speciﬁc numerical modelling of liver perfusionrequires cooperation of people with different specializations.Our research group consists of cyberneticians, informaticians,mechanicians and physicians who formulate problems to besolved and who are able to judge the outcomes of mathemati-cal models and simulations from the point of view of medicine.The research is motivated by the needs of surgeons, they wouldlike to have efﬁcient tools for better planning of liver surgeriesand who would also appreciate to be able to predict changes ofliver perfusion caused by diseases or after surgical resections.The task of numerical modelling of a human liver canbe divided into two sub-problems. First of all, the geometryof larger vascular structures and hepatic parenchyma mustbe identiﬁed from data obtained by computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.With the knowledge of liver shape and vascular structures,the numerical simulations of liver perfusion can be performedusing different mathematical models of blood ﬂow at differentspatial scales. The question, how to obtain all the necessaryparameters of our models (permeabilities, etc.) is out ofthe scope of this paper. More information can be found in[Roh12b] or [Coo12]. The mathematical model of tissue perfusion presented inthis paper has been already used for similar problems, e.g. for
Predicting and Identifying Hypertext in Wikipedia Articles

Wikipedia now has millions of articles online and tens of millions of views each hour. In order to maintain a high standard of organization across this sheer volume of content, it is essential to ensure accurate and helpful intra-article linking. The Wikipedia Manual of Style states that links represent "major connections with the subject of another article that will help readers to understand the current article more fully. "1 In this project, we optimize article linking towards this goal by applying machine learning to predict hypertext in Wikipedia articles (see Figure 1 for an example of hypertext). As inputs, our algorithm processes tokens (words and n-grams) from articles. We then use Naive Bayes, logistic regression, and a SVM to output a predicted classification: plain text (no link) or hypertext (link). In this paper we describe the process for our data collection, feature selection, and the relative performance of various algorithms. Note that we have limited the scope of this project to predicting solely hypertext and not hyperlinks. While there has been considerable work on predicting hyperlinks (especially using context resolution based techniques), we felt there had been significantly less work on predicting hypertext. Our model enables large scale automated editing of Wikipedia linking in a low cost but effective way and can also be used to make link suggestions to individual contributors. Outside of Wikipedia, our system can be generalized to any broad database of documents or texts. For example, it could be applied to predict hypertext in news corpora or academic literature.
A review of behavior mechanisms and crowd evacuation animation in emergency exercises

Emergency exercises are an efficient approach for preventing serious damage and harm, including loss of life and property and a wide range of adverse social effects, during various public emergencies. Among various factors affecting the value of emergency exercises, including their design, development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning, this paper emphasizes the focal role of evacuees and their behavior. We address two concerns: What are the intrinsic reasons behind human behavior? How do we model and exhibit human behavior? We review studies investigating the mechanisms of psychological behavior and crowd evacuation animation. A comprehensive analysis of logical patterns of behavior and crowd evacuation is presented first. The interactive effects of information (objective and subjective), psychology (panic, small groups, and conflicting roles), and six kinds of behavior contribute to a more effective understanding of an emergency scene and assist in making scientific decisions. Based on these studies, a wide range of perspectives on crowd formation and evacuation animation models is summarized. Collision avoidance is underlined as a special topic. Finally, this paper highlights some of the technical challenges and key questions to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly developing field.
Clock Synchronization for Wireless Positioning of COTS Mobile Nodes

The paper presents an innovative method to detect the position of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless 802.1 la/b/g client hardware by evaluating differential signal propagation delays, thereby enhancing security or safety in wireless networks. The measurement is done by detecting the arrival time of a client signal at precisely synchronized access points. The overall vision is to accurately determine the position of a sender as a basis for new techniques for access control and system security as well as location based services in wireless environments. Safety-critical applications, like the task to make machines accepting commands only from operators located within the range of the machine, can be implemented. Furthermore, a security architecture can use such location information in order to offer services such as position based access policies, VLANs (Virtual Local Area Network), or Internet connections defining precise spatial coverage.
Galaxy Cluster Gas Mass Fractions from Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Measurements: Constraints on ΩM

Using sensitive centimeter-wave receivers mounted on the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland-Association millimeter arrays, we have obtained interferometric measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect toward massive galaxy clusters. We use the SZ data to determine the pressure distribution of the cluster gas and, in combination with published X-ray temperatures, to infer the gas mass and total gravitational mass of 18 clusters. The gas mass fraction, fg, is calculated for each cluster and is extrapolated to the fiducial radius r500 using the results of numerical simulations. The mean fg within r500 is 0.081 h (statistical uncertainty at 68% confidence level, assuming ΩM = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7). We discuss possible sources of systematic errors in the mean fg measurement. We derive an upper limit for ΩM from this sample under the assumption that the mass composition of clusters within r500 reflects the universal mass composition: ΩMh ≤ ΩB/fg. The gas mass fractions depend on cosmology through the angular diameter distance and the r500 correction factors. For a flat universe (ΩΛ ≡ 1 - ΩM) and h = 0.7, we find the measured gas mass fractions are consistent with ΩM < 0.40, at 68% confidence. Including estimates of the baryons contained in galaxies and the baryons which failed to become bound during the cluster formation process, we find ΩM ~ 0.25.
Using fractal techniques to reduce haziness in medical imaging

In the last decades, medical exams became a regular act; thus, the amount of mammograms interpreted by a radiologist increases dramatically. A focused effort is under way to develop a Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Mammograms (CADM) able to store, process and interpret data related to a mammogram. An important component is dedicated to reduce the haziness of interpretation; this will be done by tracing Focus of Attention Regions (FARs), which can have tumors, abnormalities, so. The goal is to underline these FAR zones, instead of paying attention to the whole image, accomplishing two major objectives: on one side, reducing the volume of processed data, and on the other side, reducing the possibility of false detection.
Investigating multilingualism and multisemioticity as communicative resources in social media

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Investigating multilingualism and multisemioticity as communicative resources in social media Leppänen, Sirpa; Kytölä, Samu
Plasma Concentration of Osteopontin (OPN) in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relationship with Disease Activity

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is an important bone matrix mediator found to have key roles in inflammation and immunity. OPN is a cytokine which can play a number of roles in promoting activation of T lymphocyte, regulating balance between T-helper 1 and T-helper 2, participating in cell-induced immunologic response and stimulating B lym- phocyte to express multi-clone antibodies. Overexpression of OPN has been associated with the development of the auto- immune/ lymphoproliferative syndrome. Objective: The aim of our present study was to analyze the possible correlation between the plasma concentration of OPN and disease activity in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We also investigated the correlation between plasma IL-18 and OPN concentrations to further confirm the association of OPN with disease activity. Methods: We measured the plasma concentration of OPN, and the plasma proinflammatory IL-18 concentration in 40 SLE patients with or without renal disease (RSLE group and SLE group, respectively) and in 30 sex- and age-matched controls using enzyme immunoassay. Results: Plasma OPN concentrations were significantly higher in RSLE and SLE patients than in the controls (p = 0.000 and p = 0.002). Plasma OPN concentrations were significantly higher in RSLE patients than in the SLE patients (p = 0.000). Plasma OPN concentration correlated positively and significantly with SLE disease activity index in combined SLE patient groups (r = 0.34; p = 0.04). In RSLE patients, plasma OPN concentration showed a significant positive corre- lation with proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 concentration (r = 0.48; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The above results suggest that the production of OPN is associated with the inflammatory process and SLE development, and may serve as a potential disease marker of SLE.
Learning in One ’ s Own Imaginary World

This paper details the implementation of an agent-based educational gaming environment utilizing the REAL cognitive framework (Reflective Agent Learning Environment). REAL provides an interactive learning environment that allows students to 1) construct their imaginary world; 2) reflect upon the quality of their understanding; 3) test it out in the dynamically generated simulation games. The REAL framework stresses reflection as the critical component of thinking processes. The reflective agent’s action is monitored by an expert agent, a pedagogical agent, and a communication agent. With a rule-based reasoning engine and game engine embedded, REAL makes it easier for developers to model domain knowledge and develop simulation games that are otherwise time-consuming. Our studies show that this kind of learning environment engages students in learning and encourages collaboration among researchers in different areas.
Revista de Psicología

2. Formato: Debe ajustarse a la normativa APA (American Psychological Association 2010). Manual de estilo de publicaciones de la American Psychological Association. México: Manual Moderno. Esto incluye: Papel: tamaño A4 (210 x 297 mm) con una extensión no superior a 35 páginas (incluidas las referencias, figuras y tablas) a doble espacio, impreso por una sola cara con márgenes de 2,5 cm y numeración en la parte superior derecha con la correspondiente cornisa. Tipografía: No se deberán justificar los márgenes ni cortar palabras. Se requerirá el tipo de letra denominado Courier New en tamaño número 12. Referencias y notas: las notas deben ser las menos posibles e ir a pie de página, las referencias (no bibliografía), en formato APA, irán al final de trabajo. A fin de facilitar la evaluación a ciegas, se solicita el envío de por separado de la portada (con el título del trabajo, el nombre completo del/los autor/es, su afiliación institucional –no más de 2 instituciones-, dirección de correo, teléfono y dirección electrónica) y el cuerpo de artículo (sin datos del autor).
Consuming water smartly: the significance of sociocultural differences to water-saving initiatives

ABSTRACT This article explores how strategies to encourage households to consume less water, through education and the installation of smart meters, play out in actual social worlds where the texture and complexity of households, and the individuals within them, have a tendency to be simplified to average or statistical norms. Building on research and critical analysis from earlier studies, particularly in Australia, this research set out to explore Thames Water’s smarter home initiative deploying three frames – affect, habit, and the meaning of home – for thinking through the different responses of householders to the intervention. The study revealed that differences in response to the smarter home visit were articulated across income, education, gender, age, and ethnicity – not as homogenous or fixed categories, but rather as categories which emerged through the smart metering intervention. The research concluded that demand management interventions such as the smarter home visits, conceived as a relatively simple technology-driven behavioural change strategy, are more complex and nuanced in their reception and effects, especially on the user–provider relationship, in the constitution of social differences, and in the definitions of public and private spaces and practices. Acceptance or resistance of these programmes is not knowable in advance of their dissemination. For such interventions to be successful, water companies thus need to recognise the differentiated social, cultural, and economic environments in which their strategies are enacted. A failure to do so can only limit their stated objectives of reducing household water consumption.
A benchmark study on mantle convection in a 3‐D spherical shell using CitcomS

As high‐performance computing facilities and sophisticated modeling software become available, modeling mantle convection in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) spherical shell geometry with realistic physical parameters and processes becomes increasingly feasible. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive benchmark studies for 3‐D spherical mantle convection. Here we present benchmark and test calculations using a finite element code CitcomS for 3‐D spherical convection. Two classes of model calculations are presented: the Stokes' flow and thermal and thermochemical convection. For Stokes' flow, response functions of characteristic flow velocity, topography, and geoid at the surface and core‐mantle boundary (CMB) at different spherical harmonic degrees are computed using CitcomS and are compared with those from analytic solutions using a propagator matrix method. For thermal and thermochemical convection, 24 cases are computed with different model parameters including Rayleigh number (7 × 103 or 105) and viscosity contrast due to temperature dependence (1 to 107). For each case, time‐averaged quantities at the steady state are computed, including surface and CMB Nussult numbers, RMS velocity, averaged temperature, and maximum and minimum flow velocity, and temperature at the midmantle depth and their standard deviations. For thermochemical convection cases, in addition to outputs for thermal convection, we also quantified entrainment of an initially dense component of the convection and the relative errors in conserving its volume. For nine thermal convection cases that have small viscosity variations and where previously published results were available, we find that the CitcomS results are mostly consistent with these previously published with less than 1% relative differences in globally averaged quantities including Nussult numbers and RMS velocities. For other 15 cases with either strongly temperature‐dependent viscosity or thermochemical convection, no previous calculations are available for comparison, but these 15 test calculations from CitcomS are useful for future code developments and comparisons. We also presented results for parallel efficiency for CitcomS, showing that the code achieves 57% efficiency with 3072 cores on Texas Advanced Computing Center's parallel supercomputer Ranger.
Therapeutic efficacy of the magainin analogue MSI-78 in different intra-abdominal sepsis rat models.

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin activity of MSI-78, a synthetic cationic peptide analogue of magainin 2. METHODS The in vitro antimicrobial activity of MSI-78 was investigated against the commercially available quality control strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In addition, three rat models of septic shock were investigated: (i) rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS; (ii) rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(10) cfu of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; (iii) intra-abdominal sepsis was induced via caecal ligation and puncture. All animals were randomized to receive after 360 min intravenously isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg/kg MSI-78, or 60 mg/kg piperacillin. Main outcome measures were: abdominal exudate and plasma bacterial growth, plasma endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations, and lethality. RESULTS Our in vitro data showed that MSI-78 possesses a strong activity against Escherichia coli. The in vivo studies showed that all compounds reduced the lethality when compared to controls. MSI-78 showed a slightly higher antimicrobial activity than piperacillin and achieved a substantial decrease in endotoxin and TNF-alpha plasma concentrations than the beta-lactam. CONCLUSIONS Because of its strong double anti-endotoxin and antimicrobial activities MSI-78 could be an interesting compound for Gram-negative septic shock treatment.
Decay of metastable phase on heterogeneous centers with continuous activity

A system of a metastable phase with a pseudo continuous set of the heterogeneous centers is considered. An analytical theory for kinetics of decay of the metastable phase in such a system is constructed. The free energy of formation of a critical embryo is assumed to be known in the macroscopic approach as well as the solvatation energy. The theory constructed below is based on the quasistationary approximation for the nucleation rate.
Evaluating automated support for requirements similarity analysis in market-driven development

In market-driven software development, there is a considerable risk for congestion in the requirements engineering process, as the demand of short time-to-market is combined with a rapid arrival of new requirements from many different sources. Automated analysis of the continuous flow of incoming requirements provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of the requirements engineering process. This paper presents empirical evaluations of the benefit of automated similarity analysis of textual requirements, where existing Information Retrieval techniques are used to statistically measure requirements similarity. The results show that automated analysis of similarity among textual requirements is a promising technique that may provide effective support in both require-ments duplicate identification and requirements interdependency analysis. (Less)