Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing Interlocking Rationales in Top‐Driven Strategic Renewal

Under top-driven change, active involvement of middle managers in strategy-making requires top and middle to find common ground. The paper offers inductive theoretical development of top managers’ role as enablers for the strategic contribution of the middle levels. Central to this role is the symbolic reorganization where the middle managers’ position is set. Next, middle managers’ operational efficiency allows their performance to be shown and increases their reputation. In consequence, the middle level can actively shape the role suggested by top management, which increases their power base. Finally, when these previous interactions escalate into a two-way process where the middle and top management contribute to each other's efforts, interlocking rationales are achieved.
Translating Anxiety-Focused CBT for Youth in a First Nations Context in Northwestern Ontario.

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate a translation of anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to a First Nations children's mental health provider in rural Ontario and to enhance our understanding of CBT challenges and adaptations unique to the First Nations context. METHODS The study was conceptualized as a mixed methods sequential explanatory approach using a quasi-experimental (before and after) design with quantitative and qualitative components. Data were produced in two ways: questionnaires completed by therapists, parents and clients pre- and post-training, and through a focus group with therapists working with First Nations clients. Participants of this study were a subset of a larger knowledge translation study involving ten agencies, and comprised nine therapists (two males and seven females), and seven children (six males and one female) from a single First Nations agency. The mean age of children was 11.8 years (±2.71), comparable to children in other agencies. RESULTS First Nations therapists' scores on a child CBT knowledge questionnaire post-training did not differ from those of therapists in other agencies when controlling for initial values, suggesting comparable training benefit. Children did not differ between groups on any key measures, and all key measures showed improvement from pre- to post-training. Four key themes emerged from therapist focus groups: client challenges, value of supervision, practice challenges, and Northern/rural/remote challenges. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of delivering a culturally appropriate CBT program to First Nations populations in Northern Ontario, and provides preliminary evidence of its effectiveness.
Past, present, and future of public service motivation research

This article reviews the evolution of almost 25 years of public service motivation research in order to identify what is necessary to raise future research to a higher level. First, we look at the rise in public service motivation research and try to provide an explanation for the increasing number of publications. Second, we review the empirical research on public service motivation and summarize the knowledge that has been built up so far in terms of the nature of the concept and its prevalence, its antecedents, and its consequences or outcomes. Third, we identify the challenges which future research is likely to face and we develop a strategy to address the aforementioned issues. In doing so, we aim to provide a roadmap for future research and thus contribute to a further increase in more robust knowledge on a topic that has been increasingly influential in public administration and public management.
The dual-tree complex wavelet transform: A new efficient tool for image restoration and enhancement

A new implementation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform is presented for applications such as image restoration and enhancement. It employs a dual tree of wavelet filters to obtain the real and imaginary parts of the complex wavelet coefficients. This introduces limited redundancy (4 : 1 for 2-dimensional signals) and allows the transform to provide approximate shift invariance and directionally selective filters (properties lacking in the traditional wavelet transform) while preserving the usual properties of perfect reconstruction and computational efficiency. We show how the dual-tree complex wavelet transform can provide a good basis for multi-resolution image denoising and de-blurring.
The Early Acceptance of Social Security: An Asset Maximization Approach

This paper, using a sample from the 1973 Social Security Exact Match File, tests the importance of economic factors in the decision of male workers to take social security (OASI) benefits at age 62. Previous studies of this decision have concentrated on the flow of pension benefits available to the worker in a single year, but this study emphasizes the asset nature of such benefits. The potential loss in market earnings when OASI benefits are accepted is weighed against the change in the total potential value of private pension and OASI benefits if retirement is postponed. The present value of the entire potential stream of benefits emerges as more important theoretically and empirically than the value of annual benefits immediately available to the worker.
Tobin’s q and Airline Performances

This article studies the performance of the global airline industry by applying Tobin’s q, a financial market-based measure of firm value, as the primary measure. With 27 airlines from Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America over the period of 1989 to 1999 we find that the industry on average is a low q ratio industry, and European carriers generally have lower q values relative to their counterparts in the other two regions. There is a general pattern of low correlation between q and other financial measures except the variable of price-to-book-value ratio, indicating that Tobin’s q captures additional dimensions of the airline performances. Applying a regression model, we find significant relationships between q and some operational variables and economic factors of the industry.
Un Gran VAR Bayesiano para la Economia Chilena

This article develops a Large Bayesian VAR with more than 100 variables for the Chilean economy, as Banbura, Giannone and Reichlin (2010) shows that, when the degree of shrinkage is set in relation to the cross-sectional dimension of the sample (bayesian shrinkage), the forecasting performance of a VAR can be improved by adding macroeconomic variables and sectoral information. The results show that the large bayesian VAR compares favorably with some univariate models. It further examines the impulse response functions to a monetary shock, as well as some sectoral shocks
Emerging scenarios of Japanese corporate management

Purpose – The paper aims to: examine the evolution of Japanese corporate management (JCM); review the Japanese vs American corporate management model; discuss typical corporate strategy of Japanese companies; and evaluate emerging scenarios of JCM.Design/methodology/approach – The paper mainly reviews past and current literature to discuss emerging scenarios of JCM.Findings – Driven by persistent pressures from environmental forces in the postwar period, there have been changes in the way of managing ideas, things and people in Japanese corporations in order to cope in the world of competition.Research limitations/implications – The paper is mainly theoretical and no empirical evidences are presented to explore the situation of JCM in practice.Practical implications – With growing competition in the domestic and international markets in the recent past, Japanese firms have tried to achieve a new level of industrialization and a rapid technological advancement; they have faced an erosion of traditional val.
Macroeconomic Stability, Financial Stability, and Monetary Policy Rules

This paper reviews arguments for and against attributing explicitly a financial stability objective to monetary policy. The discussion is conducted from the perspective of middle-income countries (MICs), where bank credit plays a critical role both on the supply and demand sides. It also discusses, assuming that a more proactive role is desirable, what monetary policy should react to, to what extent it should be combined with macroprudential regulation (and possibly capital controls), and whether existing models provide adequate benchmarks for studying how these policies interact. The analysis suggests that, on balance, there may be a good case for monetary policy in MICs to go beyond its conventional mandate and address the time dimension of systemic risk—if only during a transitory period, as more is learnt about the implementation and performance of the new macroprudential rules that are currently being discussed.
The social media participation framework: Studying the effects of social media on nonprofit communities

Social media could help nonprofit communities to organize their communication with their members in new and innovative ways. This could contribute to sustaining or improving the participation of members within these communities. Yet little is known of how to measure and understand the offline community effects of social media use. Therefore, the main question of this study is: “How does the use of social media by members of nonprofit communities affect their offline participation? ” The Social Media Participation Framework was developed to address this question. It is an initial theoretical framework that aims to contribute to discovering the effects of Social Media Participation on Offline Community Participation. A new measure was created to capture social media participation levels: The Social Media Indicator (SMI) which divides the intensity of use of social media into two aspects: Contribution (e-enabling) and Interaction (e-engagement), following the e-participation theory of Macintosh. In order to test the theoretical framework, it was employed in three longitudinal, multi-method, case studies. The 1st case study was regarding a City Council and its elected political party members in Enschede, The Netherlands. The 2nd case was a Roman Catholic Church community around Oldenzaal in The Netherlands. The 3rd case was based on the Apostolic Society in Enschede, the Netherlands. The church communities who had defined social media strategies were experiencing added value from social media. However, in the case of the council, members who had higher scores for Social Media Use showed significantly lower scores for their Sense of Community. The evidence in this study does not support the idea that social media is ‘the cure’ for the decline in member participation in nonprofit communities. Based on the experiences of the framework in these case studies a revised framework is proposed which addresses the limitations of its predecessor. This study contributed to reducing the void of theories and frameworks for studying social media and its effects on communities.
Comparison and analysis of nonlinear algorithms for compressed sensing in MRI

Compressed sensing (CS) theory has been recently applied in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to accelerate the overall imaging process. In the CS implementation, various algorithms have been used to solve the nonlinear equation system for better image quality and reconstruction speed. However, there are no explicit criteria for an optimal CS algorithm selection in the practical MRI application. A systematic and comparative study of those commonly used algorithms is therefore essential for the implementation of CS in MRI. In this work, three typical algorithms, namely, the Gradient Projection For Sparse Reconstruction (GPSR) algorithm, Interior-point algorithm (l1_ls), and the Stagewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (StOMP) algorithm are compared and investigated in three different imaging scenarios, brain, angiogram and phantom imaging. The algorithms' performances are characterized in terms of image quality and reconstruction speed. The theoretical results show that the performance of the CS algorithms is case sensitive; overall, the StOMP algorithm offers the best solution in imaging quality, while the GPSR algorithm is the most efficient one among the three methods. In the next step, the algorithm performances and characteristics will be experimentally explored. It is hoped that this research will further support the applications of CS in MRI.
The Timing of Entry into a New Market: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Firms in China

This study examines the determinants of the timing of Taiwanese firms' entry into China. Our empirical findings suggest that this strategic decision is influenced by both economic and institutional concerns. In particular, we found that Taiwanese firms that expected greater benefits from early entry tended to be early entrants in China, while those that were more sensitive to uncertainty chose to defer their entry. We also found a curvilinear relationship between firm size and timing of entry into China. Our findings further indicate that the negative relationship between investment irreversibility and early entry is weaker in the presence of substantial perceived first mover advantages.
''Research Opportunities in Auditing in the EU,'' Revisited

SUMMARY: This article presents a number of research opportunities in auditing in the EU that have come along with changes in the EU regulatory framework for financial reporting and auditing during the past decade. In doing so, we build on Schilder (1996), who raised a number of key research questions, and conclude that some of those questions remain unanswered and are still relevant today. At the same time, new opportunities arise in the changed EU landscape. We identify some important areas where research can help advance our knowledge and provide relevant information for policy makers. These research areas include: public oversight, audit market concentration, audit quality, audit firm ownership structures, audit firm operating structures, audit firm governance, and auditor liability. The research questions that we raise are of global interest, but the EU market provides some unique natural experimental settings to address these questions.
Exchange and Condom Use in Informal Sexual Relationships in Urban Kenya

This article investigates whether a market for unsafe sexual activity exists among nonmarital, noncommercial sexual relationships in a high HIV/AIDS environment. The exchange of money for sex without a condom is well known within commercial sexual partnerships, but it is unclear from the previous evidence whether markets can emerge among noncommercial relationships as well. I use data on nonmarital sexual partnerships and transfers from Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate this question. I define and measure transfers as material items given by a male to his female sexual partner, including money and nonmonetary items, such as gifts, meals, and rent. I find a strong negative relationship between the level of transfers and condom use after controlling for male fixed effects and other important female and partnership characteristics. I also find that nonmonetary transfers have the same relationship with condom use as monetary transfers. Furthermore, I test the assumption that adolescent girls are particularly disadvantaged within informal partnerships, where men can offer remarkably small amounts of money or gifts in exchange for sex without a condom. Contrary to this popular assumption, the results reveal that the trade‐off between transfers and condom use does not differ between partnerships involving adolescent girls and adult females.
Status of agrifood regulatory coordination under the North American Free Trade Agreement

Since its initiation on January 1, 1994, the agriculture section of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been controversial, which has led to several trade disputes, suggestions for modification and strengthening, and even Presidential initiatives such as the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). While NAFTA has done much to spur economic growth and development, it has not realized its potential in integrating agrifood markets. Several illustrations are summarized in this report on progress in overcoming sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers to trade under NAFTA; much remains to be accomplished. The basic problem is the NAFTA agreement itself, which lacks a strong NAFTA Secretariat that is charged with moving the NAFTA agrifood economic and market integration agenda forward. While this could best be accomplished by modifying the NAFTA agreement to form an EU Commission type body, without authorization for a common market or an economic union, this option is not politically feasible in an environment where anti-free trade advocates are prevalent.
The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction: the biological basis

History of discovery Throughout the course of history, people have been ill with diseases affecting their mobility. This could take the form of increasing paralysis over time. For many, this was associated with other symptoms, such as numbness, dizziness, and blurred vision. In the eighteenth century, physicians began to classify such cases into broad groups. The term paraplegia was used for people who had progressive paralysis. A major advance was made in 1868 by the physician Jean-Martin Charcot and his colleague Edmé Vulpian. They studied the tremors of younger patients and differentiated a condition from that described by James Parkinson in 1817. At autopsy such patients were found to have grey patches (plaques) scattered throughout the spinal cord and brain. Charcot gave a series of lectures on the features of this disease, which he termed sclérose en plaque disseminée and which we now know as multiple sclerosis (MS). Since then, a large amount of research has been carried out on this disease, and much progress has been made in understanding its pathogenesis. However, the primary cause of the disease still remains elusive (1).
A theory of adaptive economic behavior

This book develops dynamic economic models using the perspective and analytic framework provided by psychological learning theory. This framework is used to resolve apparent contradictions between optimization theory, which lies at the heart of all modern economic theory, and day-to-day evidence that short-run economic behaviour cannot reasonably be described solely as the outcome of efficiently implemented self-interest. The author applies this viewpoint to a number of problem areas in which literal applications of maximization theory have not usually proved to be satisfactory. These include analyses of decision-making under uncertainty and gambling behaviour, the role of consumer-oriented advertising in influencing behaviour, the persistence of price dispersions in markets, and inflation.
Organizational size and change: Diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation

Organizational Size and Change: Diversification in the Savings and Loan Industry after Deregulation Heather A. Haveman Administrative Science Quarterly, Volume 38, Issue 1 (Mar., 1993), 20-50. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici? sici=0001—8392%28199303%2938%3A1%3C20%3AOSACDI%3E2.0. CO%3B2—P Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of J STOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non—commercial use. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. Administrative Science Quarterly is published by Cornell University, Johnson Graduate School of Management. Please contact the publisher for further permissions regarding the use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/joumals/cjohn.html. Administrative Science Quarterly ©1993 Cornell University, Johnson Graduate School of Management JSTOR and the JSTOR logo are trademarks of JSTOR, and are Registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. For more information on JSTOR contact jstor—info@umich.edu. ©2002 JSTOR http://www.j stor.org/ Sun Jan 20 17:17:24 2002
Collaborative innovation: A Viable Alternative to Market Competition and Organizational Entrepreneurship

There are growing pressures for the public sector to be more innovative but considerable disagreement about how to achieve it. This paper uses institutional and organizational analysis to compare three major but different public innovation strategies. The paper commences by confronting the myth that the market-driven private sector is more innovative than the public sector by showing that both sectors have a number of barriers as well as drivers of innovation, some of which are similar while others are sector-specific. The paper then systematically analyses the three strategies for innovation. These are: New Public Management which emphasises market competition; the neo-Weberian state which emphasises organizational entrepreneurship; and collaborative governance which emphasises multi-actor engagement across organizations in the private, public and non-profit sectors. The article concludes that the choice between different strategies for enhancing public innovation is contingent rather than absolute. Some contingencies for each strategy are outlined.
Differentiated assignment of extrinsic information in iterated decoding of fixed weight codewords

Constant amplitude multi-code (CAMC) CDMA has the same structure as a recursively generated single parity check product code. A top-level codeword of CAMC is recursively constructed from lower-level codewords. In the iterative decoding of CAMC, log likelihood ratio (LLR), a priori information and extrinsic information (EI) of a codeword is a weighted sum of LLR values of associated codewords from which it is despread or into which it is spread. In this paper, we show that differentiated assignment of EI in the computation of LLR can improve the performance of bit error correction. The weights of CAMC codewords are fixed at two fixed values. We let EI converge fast to saturation value when a codeword has the correct weight. The proposed method achieved performance improvement of 0.1 ~ 0.3 dB in Eb/No over the regular iterated decoding of CAMC. When compared with despreading ON/OFF control, a gain of about 0. 1 dB is achieved, which is meaningful near the Shannon capacity limit.
Technical Efficiency of Some Selected Manufacturing Industries in Bangladesh: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

This paper investigates the technical efficiency of selected manufacturing industries of Bangladesh using a stochastic frontier production function approach suggested by Battese and Coelli (1992) applied to panel data. A feasible Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, which has time-varying technical inefficiency effects, was estimated. Two alternative distributions were used to model the random inefficiency term: a truncated normal distribution and a half-normal distribution. The estimated average technical efficiency for four groups of industries of Bangladesh overthe reference period was 40.22% of potential output for the truncated normal distribution, whereas it was 55.57% of potential output for the half-normal distribution.