Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gating techniques for 6T SRAM cell using different modes of FinFET

This paper proposes the design of incorporating fine grain and coarse grain gating techniques for the SRAM cell and SRAM array respectively. Independent gate FinFET, tied gate FinFET and independent gate FinFET with pass gate feedback are employed for power gating the 6T SRAM cell. The leakage power, stability (SNM) and delay comparisons have been made. The simulations are carried out using Cadence® Virtuoso tools, employing the 32nm Predictive Technology Model (PTM) files for the MOS devices and 32nm BPTM files for the FinFETs. The results validate the advantage of using power gating for reduced static power dissipation. The independent gate FinFET based 6T SRAM cell using pass gate feedback incurs 2.23uW of power during the hold operation, as against the comparatively negligible power dissipation of 27.67pW with the power gating.
How learners use feedback information: Effects of social comparative information and achievement goals

The present study investigated how learners use feedback information on their test results. We also examined the effects of the type of feedback and learners’ achievement goals on the manner in which feedback information was reviewed. In an experimental study (N = 42 undergraduate and graduate students), we tracked eye movements of the participants while they took a critical thinking test and received their test results. The results showed that most participants checked feedback for incorrectly-answered questions but not for correctlyanswered questions. This suggests that learners do not use feedback information to judge the adequacy of the process of solving. In addition, these tendencies were not different between feedback conditions. Furthermore, participants’ achievement goals predicted learners’ review activities. Specifically, learners with higher mastery goals tended to check feedback for correctly-answered questions. Therefore, fostering the pursuit of mastery goals may prompt learners to use feedback information to enhance their comprehension.
Social science and archaeological enquiry

Is archaeology a social science? Most archaeologists would probably agree that the goal of our discipline is to learn about the people, societies and cultures of the past. Thus there should be little objection to labelling archaeology a ‘social’ field of study. We study both people and society, but what about the ‘science’ part? This label is more controversial. Many archaeologists reject the notion that archaeology is, can be or should be a science. Others assume that archaeology is indeed a science and get on with their work, not worrying much about epistemology or definitions of science. Still others pursue decidedly non-scientific goals yet borrow scientific techniques from other disciplines and call it ‘archaeological science’.
Material and Methods 3.1 Material

3.1. 2 Expression vectors • modified pET9d vector (Novagen, Darmstadt, Germany) with kanamycin resistance for the production of fusion proteins with an N-terminal His-tag (MKH6PMG), obtained from G. Stier • modified pET24d vectors (Novagen, Darmstadt, Germany) with kanamycin resistance for the production of N-His-tagged (MKH6PMG) and N-His6-GST tagged fusion proteins with TEV (tobacco etch virus) protease cleavage site, obtained from G. Stier
Subband Affine Projection Algorithm for Acoustic Echo Cancellation System

We present a new subband affine projection (SAP) algorithm for the adaptive acoustic echo cancellation with long echo path delay. Generally, the acoustic echo canceller suffers from the long echo path and large computational complexity. To solve this problem, the proposed algorithm combines merits of the affine projection (AP) algorithm and the subband filtering. Convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is improved by the signal-decorrelating property of the orthogonal subband filtering and the weight updating with the prewhitened input signal of the AP algorithm. Moreover, in the proposed algorithms, as applying the polyphase decomposition, the noble identity, and the critical decimation to subband the adaptive filter, the sufficiently decomposed SAP updates the weights of adaptive subfilters without a matrix inversion. Therefore, computational complexity of the proposed method is considerably reduced. In the SAP, the derived weight updating formula for the subband adaptive filter has a simple form as ever compared with the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm for the colored signal and speech signal was evaluated experimentally.
Applying the Espresso-algorithm to large parsed corpora

Information extraction (IE) culls information from text including relations, our focus here, such as head-of (Sergej-Brin, Google). The Espresso algorithm was developed to do this (Pantel & Pennacchiotti 2006), and we extend their work here first by using as input not raw text but rather syntactic analyses derived from the text, and second by applying the algorithm to Dutch. This required parsing hundreds of millions of words of text, which was regarded as infeasible only ten years ago.
Spatial Forest Harvest Scheduling for Areas Involving Carbon and Timber Management Goals

Forest carbon sequestration has become an important ecological service for human society. Given the widespread attention paid to global climate change over the last few decades, a potential need has arisen to develop forest management plans that integrate carbon management and other spatial and non-spatial goals. The objective of this research was to develop a spatial forest planning process by which one could assess either a carbon stocks objective, a timber production objective, or a spatial objective related to the arrangement of forest management activities. This process was used to evaluate the maximization of (1) volume scheduled for harvest; (2) carbon stocks; and (3) spatial aggregation of the management activities through a utility function where all are equally weighted objectives. The process was employed for the development of 30-year plans for a forested landscape in northeast China that was approximately 120,000 ha in size. In addition, the sensitivity of the results with respect to four initial forest age structures was tested. Constraints mainly included those related to the need for an even flow of scheduled harvest volume and to the need to adhere to a maximum harvest opening size. The proposed scheduling process employed a simulated annealing algorithm to schedule harvests in an
A probabilistic approach to realistic face synthesis

This paper presents a novel approach to face modeling for realistic synthesis, powered by a probabilistic face diffuse model and a generic face specular map. We first construct a probabilistic face diffuse model for estimating the albedo and the normals of a face from an unknown input image. Then, we introduce a generic face specular map for estimating the specularity of the face. Using the estimated albedo, normal and specular information, we can synthesize the face under arbitrary lighting and viewing directions realistically. Unlike many existing face modeling techniques, our approach can retain both the diffuse and specular properties of the face without involving an elaborating 3D matching procedure. Thanks to the compact representation and the effective inference scheme, our technique can be applied to many practical applications, such as face normalization, avatar creation and de-identification.
Expression profile of genes associated with mastitis in dairy cattle

In order to characterize the expression of genes associated with immune response mechanisms to mastitis, we quantified the relative expression of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF- α genes in milk cells of healthy cows and cows with clinical mastitis. Total RNA was extracted from milk cells of six Black and White Holstein (BW) cows and six Gyr cows, including three animals with and three without mastitis per breed. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. IL-10 gene expression was higher in the group of BW and Gyr cows with mastitis compared to animals free of infection from both breeds (p < 0.05). It was also higher in BW Holstein animals with clinical mastitis (p < 0.001), but it was not significant when Gyr cows with and without mastitis were compared (0.05 < p < 0.10). Among healthy cows, BW Holstein animals tended to present a higher expression of all genes studied, with a significant difference for the IL-2 and IFN- γ genes (p < 0.001). For animals with mastitis no significant difference in gene expression was observed between the two breeds. These findings suggest that animals with mastitis develop a preferentially cell-mediated immune response. Further studies including larger samples are necessary to better characterize the gene expression profile in cows with mastitis.
Exploring Land Use and Land Cover of Geotagged Social-Sensing Images Using Naive Bayes Classifier

Online social media crowdsourced photos contain a vast amount of visual information about the physical properties and characteristics of the earth’s surface. Flickr is an important online social media platform for users seeking this information. Each day, users generate crowdsourced geotagged digital imagery containing an immense amount of information. In this paper, geotagged Flickr images are used for automatic extraction of low-level land use/land cover (LULC) features. The proposed method uses a naive Bayes classifier with color, shape, and color index descriptors. The classified images are mapped using a majority filtering approach. The classifier performance in overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, precision, recall, and f-measure was 87.94%, 82.89%, 88.20%, 87.90%, and 88%, respectively. Labeled-crowdsourced images were filtered into a spatial tile of a 30 m × 30 m resolution using the majority voting method to reduce geolocation uncertainty from the crowdsourced data. These tile datasets were used as training and validation samples to classify Landsat TM5 images. The supervised maximum likelihood method was used for the LULC classification. The results show that the geotagged Flickr images can classify LULC types with reasonable accuracy and that the proposed approach improves LULC classification efficiency if a sufficient spatial distribution of crowdsourced data exists.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An Underestimated Cause of Bioprosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis

From 2010 to 2013, 5 cases of nontuberculous mycobacteria infective endocarditis (IE), exclusively from bioprosthesis, were diagnosed in three hospitals out of 370 blood culture-negative-suspected IE. The porcine origin of this underestimated etiology is questioned.
Survey on variants of heuristic algorithms for scheduling workflow of tasks

Scheduling is a vital issue in cloud computing in order to facilitate optimized usage of resources as in today's global and competitive environment the use of scarce resource in the best possible way is very important. Heuristic based algorithms are used in optimization techniques as they are class of heuristic approaches that have their inspirations from metaheuristics which are a general framework for solving hard problems. The Cloud scheduling optimization problem is addressed as a population of candidate solutions and heuristic algorithms are applied for benefitting the fittest candidates. This paper presents a survey and study on the formalization of works contributed by variants of heuristic Algorithms to the field of Scheduling which can be applied to Cloud computing.
Assessment of irregular voices after total and laser surgical partial laryngectomy.

OBJECTIVES To assess the merits of computer-aided voice analysis procedures for very irregular voices of patients after total and laser surgical partial laryngectomy, and to characterize qualitative differences in speech and voice function between these 2 groups of patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University hospital in Göttingen, Germany PATIENTS Twenty-nine patients with advanced laryngeal carcinomas (T3-T4; according to the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer, TNM staging system, stages III-IVa) were examined: 18 patients with tracheoesophageal speech (voice prosthesis) after total laryngectomy and 11 patients who underwent partial transoral resection of the larynx (by means of laser microsurgery without surgical voice rehabilitation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Speech intelligibility was measured by a standardized and validated telephone test, and voice quality was determined by 2 computerized voice analysis systems (multidimensional voice program and Göttingen hoarseness diagram). RESULTS The telephone test demonstrated a significantly better speech performance of the patients who had undergone organ-preserving surgery. The voices of both patient groups were too irregular for a qualitative differentiation with the multidimensional voice program. The multidimensional voice program results also failed to show significant correlations to speech intelligibility. The Göttingen hoarseness diagram showed significantly more regular voices in patients with partial laryngectomy than total laryngectomy. These results were correlated with speech intelligibility. CONCLUSIONS The Göttingen hoarseness diagram is suitable for a qualitative assessment even of irregular voices. Voice prosthesis offers a voice quality that at best approaches that of patients with partial laryngectomy.
Who’s (Really) the Boss? Perception of Situational Power in Written Interactions

We study the perception of situational power in written dialogs in the context of organizational emails and contrast it to the power attributed by organizational hierarchy. We analyze various correlates of the perception of power in the dialog structure and language use by participants in the dialog. We also present an SVM-based machine learning system using dialog structure and lexical features to predict persons with situational power in a given communication thread.
Discrete Convexity for Multiflows and 0-extensions

This paper addresses an approach to extend the submodularity and L-convexity concepts to more general structures than integer lattices. The main motivations are to give a solution of the tractability classification in the minimum 0-extension problem and to give a discrete-convex-analysis view to combinatorial multiflow dualities.
The scenario for constructing flexible, people-focused systems development methodologies

Systems development is a very complex process, which requires disciplined methodological approaches. While there are many arguments underpinning the use of systems development methodologies empirical investigations show that methodologies are underused in practice and what is more their use is not on the increase. In this paper we discuss the usage of agile methodologies which tend to be more people-focused and adaptable to project-specific circumstances. We believe that usage of such methodologies may encourage practitioners to rank the methodologies higher in terms of their contributions to successful development. In the paper we propose a scenario for development, introduction and maintenance of an agile methodology in an organisation.
Lossless Image Compression based on Predictive Coding and Bit Plane Slicing

In this paper, a simple lossless image compression method based on a combination between bit-plane slicing and adaptive predictive coding is adopted for compressing natural and medical images. The idea basically utilized the spatial domain efficiently after discarding the lowest order bits namely, exploiting only the highest order bits in which the most significant bit corresponds to last layer7 used adaptive predictive coding, while the other layers used run length coding. The test results leads to high system performance in which higher compression ratio achieves for lossless system that characterized by guaranty fully reconstruction. General Terms Bit-plane slicing along with adaptive predictive coding for lossless image compression.
Homogeneous point mutation detection by quantum dot-mediated two-color fluorescence coincidence analysis

This report describes a new genotyping method capable of detecting low-abundant point mutations in a homogeneous, separation-free format. The method is based on integration of oligonucleotide ligation with a semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-mediated two-color fluorescence coincidence detection scheme. Surface-functionalized QDs are used to capture fluorophore-labeled ligation products, forming QD-oligonucleotide nanoassemblies. The presence of such nanoassemblies and thereby the genotype of the sample is determined by detecting the simultaneous emissions of QDs and fluorophores that occurs whenever a single nanoassembly flows through the femtoliter measurement volume of a confocal fluorescence detection system. The ability of this method to detect single events enables analysis of target signals with a multiple-parameter (intensities and count rates of the digitized target signals) approach to enhance assay sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrate that this new method is capable of detecting zeptomoles of targets and achieve an allele discrimination selectivity factor >105.
Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

Mammalian cells regulate adhesion by expressing and regulating a diverse array of cell adhesion molecules on their cell surfaces. Since different cell types express distinct sets of cell adhesion molecules, substrate-specific adhesion is cell type- and condition-dependent. Single-cell force spectroscopy is used to quantify the contribution of cell adhesion molecules to adhesion of cells to specific substrates at both the cell and single molecule level. However, the low throughput of single-cell adhesion experiments greatly limits the number of substrates that can be examined. In order to overcome this limitation, segmented polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) masks were developed, allowing the measurement of cell adhesion to multiple substrates. To verify the utility of the masks, the adhesion of four different cell lines, HeLa (Kyoto), prostate cancer (PC), mouse kidney fibroblast and MDCK, to three extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, collagen I and laminin 332, was examined. The adhesion of each cell line to different matrix proteins was found to be distinct; no two cell lines adhered equally to each of the proteins. The PDMS masks improved the throughput limitation of single-cell force spectroscopy and allowed for experiments that previously were not feasible. Since the masks are economical and versatile, they can aid in the improvement of various assays.
Audiovisual integration deficits in schizotypal personality and implications for populations diagnosed with schizophrenia

Some evidence exists for audiovisual speech integration deficits in schizophrenia, but the generality of these deficits is unclear. We sought to characterize these deficits more fully by testing a general student population with varying degrees of schizotypal personality (SP) traits. Audiovisual integration of speech was measured with a McGurk task and non-speech audiovisual integration with a Sound-Induced Flash Illusion task. Visual integration capabilities were measured to determine if deficits were uniquely multisensory. Participants also completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), which is predictive of SP traits. We found a negative correlation between SPQ score and performance on both audiovisual integration tasks, and no correlation between SPQ score and visual integration tasks. These findings support the claim that populations diagnosed with schizophrenia and populations with SP traits have a common deficit in a perceptual process and suggest that audiovisual integration deficits in these populations are not specific to speech integration. AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Susanne Ferber, for useful and insightful feedback at all stages of this project. Dr. Ryan Stevenson’s suggestions and support were also invaluable, as he directed me to relevant background research and aided in interpretation of data. Discussions with Sol Sun, Rannie Xu, and Justin Ruppel were helpful as well, as were comments on my thesis proposal by Dr. Nicholas Rule. I would like to additionally thank Sol Sun for the use of the Composite Face and Navon Letter Matlab scripts upon which two of my tasks were based (in slightly modified form). I would like to thank Dr. Ladan Shams for the use of her Sound-Induced Flash Illusion task script, and Dr. Ryan Stevenson for the use of the McGurk task script. AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA iv
Expectation vs. Reality in the Field of Entrepreneurship

Cognitive elements are some of the most influential features characterizing the “entrepreneurial mind,” yet dominant explanatory frameworks have struggled to clarify how and why entrepreneurs’ behaviors vary so widely from others. Even individuals who come from similar conditions and share the same environment as entrepreneurs differ greatly in their perceptions and behaviors compared to their entrepreneur counterparts. Drawing on and contributing to the theoretical work in social cognitive theory, this research aims to improve the understanding of entrepreneurs’ cognitive processes by exploring Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data, which is the most comprehensive comparative database for entrepreneurship. The first essay analyzes how different experts in entrepreneurship perceive their surrounding environment and opportunities. More specifically, this study discusses how experts who are entrepreneurs perceive their entrepreneurial ecosystem and opportunities differently than non-entrepreneur experts. It is suggested that people act the way they do not only because of different interpretations of the environment but also because of the relative importance they give to context and themselves in their mental frameworks. The second essay analyzes the relationship between optimism about the emergence of future entrepreneurial opportunities and the length of entrepreneurial experience and the ways internal and external motivations can condition this relationship. Results suggest that although entrepreneurs are more optimistic about future business opportunities that non-entrepreneurs, experienced entrepreneurs tend to be less optimistic than novice and potential entrepreneurs. Finally, based on evidence suggesting that entrepreneurs are likely to consider that fostering an innovative orientation is the best approach to increasing firm performance independent of the circumstances, the third study proposes a moderated mediation model of the effect of subjective valuations of innovation on entrepreneurs’ strategic orientation and growth expectations. Entrepreneurs involved in innovative entrepreneurship are more likely to have higher growth expectation, with subjective valuations playing a direct and indirect role in their expectations.