Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eddy correlation measurements of oxygen uptake in deep ocean sediments

We present and compare small sediment‐water fluxes of O2 determined with the eddy correlation technique, with in situ chambers, and from vertical sediment microprofiles at a 1450 m deep‐ocean site in Sagami Bay, Japan. The average O2 uptake for the three approaches, respectively, was 1.62 ± 0.23 (SE, n = 7), 1.65 ± 0.33 (n = 2), and 1.43 ± 0.15 (n = 25) mmol m−2 d−1. The very good agreement between the eddy correlation flux and the chamber flux serves as a new, important validation of the eddy correlation technique. It demonstrates that the eddy correlation instrumentation available today is precise and can resolve accurately even very small benthic O2 fluxes. The correlated fluctuations in vertical velocity and O2 concentration that give the eddy flux had average values of 0.074 cm s−1 and 0.049 µM. The latter represents only 0.08% of the 59 µM mean O2 concentration of the bottom water. Note that these specific fluctuations are average values, and that even smaller variations were recorded and contributed to the eddy flux. Our findings demonstrate that the eddy correlation technique is a highly attractive alternative to traditional flux methods for measuring even very small benthic O2 fluxes.
Intelligent management of hierarchical behaviors using a NAO robot as a vocational tutor

This paper focuses on the development of an intelligent system which manages hierarchical behaviors using a NAO robot as a Vocational Tutor. Selected behaviors were classified and categorized into four personality profiles. Experimentation under three case studies showed the suitable management of different behaviors, throughout the four personalities parameters set in the system, being executed by neural networks.
A SYSTEM MARGINAL PRICE FORECASING METHOD BASED ON AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK USING TIME AND DAY INFORMATION

Abstract This paper presents a forecasting technique of the short-term system marginal price (SMP) using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The SMP forecasting is a very important element in an electricity market for the optimal biddings of market participants as well as for market stabilization of regulatory bodies. Input data are organized in two different approaches, time-axis and day-axis approaches, and the resulting patterns are used to train the ANN. Performances of the two approaches are compared and the better estimate is selected by a composition rule to forecast the SMP. By combining the two approaches, the proposed composition technique reflects the characteristics of hourly, daily and seasonal variations, as well as the condition of sudden changes in the spot market, and thus improves the accuracy of forecasting. The proposed method is applied to the historical real-world data from the Korea Power Exchange (KPX) to verify the effectiveness of the technique.
DAEDALUS at RepLab 2012: Polarity Classification and Filtering on Twitter Data

This paper describes our participation at the RepLab 2012 profiling scenario, in both polarity classification and filtering subtasks. Our approach is based on 1) the information provided by a semantic model that includes rules and resources annotated for sentiment analysis, 2) a detailed morphosyntactic analysis of the input text that allows to lemmatize and divide the text into segments to be able to control the scope of semantic units and perform a fine- grained detection of negation in clauses, and 3) the use of an aggregation algorithm to calculate the global polarity value of the text based on the local polarity values of the different segments, which includes an outlier filter. The system, experiments and results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Modeling the Low State Spectrum of the X-ray Nova Xte J1118+480

Based on recent multiwavelength observations of the new X-ray nova XTE J1118+480, we can place strong constraints on the geometry of the accretion flow in which a low/hard state spectrum, characteristic of an accreting black hole binary, is produced. We argue that the absence of any soft blackbody-like component in the X-ray band implies the existence of an extended hot optically-thin region, with the optically-thick cool disk truncated at some radius Rtr & 55RSchw. We show that such a model can indeed reproduce the main features of the observed spectrum: the relatively high optical to X-ray ratio, the sharp downturn in the far UV band and the hard X-ray spectrum. The absence of the disk blackbody component also underscores the requirement that the seed photons for thermal Comptonization be produced locally in the hot flow, e.g. via synchrotron radiation. We attribute the observed spectral break at ∼ 2 keV to absorption in a warm, partially ionized gas. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks – stars: individual: XTE J1118+480 – X-ray: stars
The Arabidopsis SUVR4 protein is a nucleolar histone methyltransferase with preference for monomethylated H3K9

Proteins containing the evolutionarily conserved SET domain are involved in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and chromatin structure through their histone lysine methyltransferase (HMTase) activity. The Drosophila SU(VAR)3-9 protein and related proteins of other organisms have been associated with gene repression and heterochromatinization. In Arabidopsis there are 10 SUVH and 5 SUVR genes encoding proteins similar to SU(VAR)3-9, and 4 SUVH proteins have been shown to control heterochromatic silencing by its HMTase activity and by directing DNA methylation. The SUVR proteins differ from the SUVH proteins in their domain structure, and we show that the closely related SUVR1, SUVR2 and SUVR4 proteins contain a novel domain at their N-terminus, and a SUVR specific region preceding the SET domain. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusions of these SUVR proteins preferably localize to the nucleolus, suggesting involvement in regulation of rRNA expression, in contrast to other SET-domain proteins studied so far. A novel HMTase specificity was demonstrated for SUVR4, in that monomethylated histone H3K9 is its preferred substrate in vitro.
Finding Gravitational Lenses with X-Rays

Distant galaxies produce ~1, 0.1, and 0.01 gravitationally lensed X-ray sources per square degree with soft X-ray fluxes exceeding 10-15, 10-14, and 10-13 ergs s-1 cm-2, respectively. These sources will be detected serendipitously with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory at a rate of one to three lenses per year of high-resolution imaging. The low detection rate is due to the small area over which the High Resolution Camera and AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer instruments have the smaller than 1. ″5 FWHM resolution necessary to find gravitational lenses produced by galaxies. Deep images of rich clusters at intermediate redshifts should yield one wide separation (Δθ ≳ 5.″0) multiply imaged background X-ray source for every ~10, 30, and 300 clusters imaged to the same flux limits.
High-Resolution Melting Molecular Signatures for Rapid Identification of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes

Background Genotyping of human papillomarvirus (HPV) is crucial for patient management in a clinical setting. This study accesses the combined use of broad-range real-time PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for rapid identification of HPV genotypes. Methods Genomic DNA sequences of 8 high-risk genotypes (HPV16/18/39/45/52/56/58/68) were subject to bioinformatic analysis to select for appropriate PCR amplicon. Asymmetric broad-range real-time PCR in the presence of HRM dye and two unlabeled probes specific to HPV16 and 18 was employed to generate HRM molecular signatures for HPV genotyping. The method was validated via assessment of 119 clinical HPV isolates. Results A DNA fragment within the L1 region was selected as the PCR amplicon ranging from 215–221 bp for different HPV genotypes. Each genotype displayed a distinct HRM molecular signature with minimal inter-assay variability. According to the HRM molecular signatures, HPV genotypes can be determined with one PCR within 3 h from the time of viral DNA isolation. In the validation assay, a 91% accuracy rate was achieved when the genotypes were in the database. Concomitantly, the HRM molecular signatures for additional 6 low-risk genotypes were established. Conclusions This assay provides a novel approach for HPV genotyping in a rapid and cost-effective manner.
Zero latency encryption with FPGAs for secure time-triggered automotive networks

Security has emerged as a key concern in increasingly complex embedded automotive networks. The distributed architecture and broadcast transmission characteristics mean they are vulnerable and provide little resistance to intrusive and non-intrusive attack mechanisms. Incorporating data security using traditional approaches introduces significant latency which can be problematic in the presence of real-time deadlines. We demonstrate how a security layer can be added within the network communication controller in modern time-triggered systems, without introducing additional latency or processing overheads. This allows critical communications to be secured in a manner that is transparent to the processors in the electronic control units (ECUs), while also safeguarding network communication properties.
Global exponential stability of periodic solution to Cohen-Grossberg type neural network with both ordinary and neutral type discrete time varying delays: An LMI approach

A generalized Cohen-Grossberg neural network with both ordinary and neutral type discrete time varying delays is considered here. Behaved functions are not required to be differentiable. Sufficient conditions are presented for the uniqueness of periodic solution. By using Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) technique sufficient conditions are derived to ascertain the global exponential stability of periodic solution. Results are also verified by solving a suitable General Eigen Value Problem (GEVP). A numerical example is given to verify the obtained results.
Numerical Experiments on Lattice Gases: Mixtures and Galilean Invariance

In t his paper, we first describe an ex tens ion of the stan­ d ar d Fr isch, Hasslac he r, Pomeau hexagon al latti ce gas to study reac­ t ion-diffus ion prob lems. Some num erical results are presented. We then conside r the qu estion of Galilean in varian ce from an "experi­ mental" po int of view I show ing cases where t h e standard. model is inadeq uate. F inally, we introd uce a way to cure t he Galilean d isease and present some res ults of simulations for a few typical cases.
Line Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Environments

The time- and angle-dependent line and continuum emission from a dense torus around a cosmological gamma-ray burst source is simulated, taking into account photoionization, collisional ionization, recombination, and electron heating and cooling due to various processes. The importance of the hydrodynamical interaction between the torus and the expanding blast wave is stressed. Because of the rapid deceleration of the blast wave as it interacts with the dense torus, the material in the torus will be illuminated by a drastically different photon spectrum than that observable through a low-column-density line of sight and will be heated by the hydrodynamical interaction between the blast wave and the torus. A model calculation to reproduce the Fe Kα line emission observed in the X-ray afterglow of GRB 970508 is presented. The results indicate that ~10-4 M☉ of iron must be concentrated in a region of R ≲ 10-3 pc. The illumination of the torus material due to the hydrodynamical interaction of the blast wave with the torus is the dominant heating and ionization mechanism leading to the formation of the iron line. These results suggest that misaligned gamma-ray bursts may be detectable as X-ray flashes with strong emission-line features.
Dynamic Sensorimotor Planning during Long-Term Sequence Learning: The Role of Variability, Response Chunking and Planning Errors

Many everyday skills are learned by binding otherwise independent actions into a unified sequence of responses across days or weeks of practice. Here we looked at how the dynamics of action planning and response binding change across such long timescales. Subjects (N = 23) were trained on a bimanual version of the serial reaction time task (32-item sequence) for two weeks (10 days total). Response times and accuracy both showed improvement with time, but appeared to be learned at different rates. Changes in response speed across training were associated with dynamic changes in response time variability, with faster learners expanding their variability during the early training days and then contracting response variability late in training. Using a novel measure of response chunking, we found that individual responses became temporally correlated across trials and asymptoted to set sizes of approximately 7 bound responses at the end of the first week of training. Finally, we used a state-space model of the response planning process to look at how predictive (i.e., response anticipation) and error-corrective (i.e., post-error slowing) processes correlated with learning rates for speed, accuracy and chunking. This analysis yielded non-monotonic association patterns between the state-space model parameters and learning rates, suggesting that different parts of the response planning process are relevant at different stages of long-term learning. These findings highlight the dynamic modulation of response speed, variability, accuracy and chunking as multiple movements become bound together into a larger set of responses during sequence learning.
Hierarchies and Transactive Memory Systems : Crafting a Model of Flexible Exception Handling

Information processing theory describes organizations as information processing systems whose performance is contingent upon the relative fit between the information process capacity of the organization and the information processing demands created by the task environment (Galbraith, 1974). A key element of this theoretical framework is the relationship between organizational structure and the information processing capacity of the organization. In routine, stable task environments characterized by relatively low task uncertainty, the hierarchy is employed to handle exceptions (or situations for which no organizational rules exist). In such cases, the information processing capacity of the hierarchy is sufficient for handling the moderate information processing demands associated with the relatively few exceptions that do arise. However in more complex, dynamic task environments characterized by higher task uncertainty, the number and type of exceptions that occur can quickly overload the information processing capacity of the hierarchy, resulting in degradation of project and project team performance.
Does competitive swimming during puberty affect lung development in pubertal females

ii LAY SUMMARY . iii PREFACE . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xxii
Reasoning about Games via a First-order Modal Model Checking Approach

In this work, we present a logic based on first-order CTL, namely Game Analysis Logic (GAL), in order to reason about games. We relate models and solution concepts of Game Theory as models and formulas of GAL, respectively. Precisely, we express extensive games with perfect in- formation as models of GAL, and Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium by means of formulas of GAL. From a practical point of view, we provide a GAL model checker in order to analyze games automatically. We use our model checker in at least two directions: to find solution con- cepts of Game Theory; and, to analyze players that are based on standard algorithms of the AI community, such as the minimax procedure.
Making Visible the Behaviors that Influence Learning Environment: A Qualitative Exploration of Computer Science Classrooms

The authors conducted ethnographic research to provide deep understanding of the learning environment of a selection of computer science classrooms at a large, research university in the United States. Categories emerging from data analysis included (1) impersonal environment and guarded behavior; and (2) the creation and maintenance of informal hierarchy resulting in competitive behaviors. Both of these categories describe patterns of recurring communication taking place in the classroom learning environments. We identify particular and recognizable types of discourse, which, when prevalent in a classroom, can preclude the development of a collaborative and/or supportive learning environment. Alternative communication choices, both explicit and implicit, can lead to a more balanced and supportive climate for learning. An example of a successful effort to alter traditional patterns of interaction, without compromising the quality of learning, in a higher education astrophysics class is presented.
Effects of Usage-Based Feedback on Video Retrieval: A Simulation-Based Study

We present a model for exploiting community-based usage information for video retrieval, where implicit usage information from past users is exploited in order to provide enhanced assistance in video retrieval tasks, and alleviate the effects of the semantic gap problem. We propose a graph-based model for all types of implicit and explicit feedback, in which the relevant usage information is represented. Our model is designed to capture the complex interactions of a user with an interactive video retrieval system, including the representation of sequences of user-system interaction during a search session. Building upon this model, four recommendation strategies are defined and evaluated. An evaluation strategy is proposed based on simulated user actions, which enables the evaluation of our recommendation strategies over a usage information pool obtained from 24 users performing four different TRECVid tasks. Furthermore, the proposed simulation approach is used to simulate usage information pools with different characteristics, with which the recommendation approaches are further evaluated on a larger set of tasks, and their performance is studied with respect to the scalability and quality of the available implicit information.
Weakly Forced Mock Walker Cells

AbstractMock Walker cells driven by weak sea surface temperature (SST) forcing are studied using planetary-scale cloud system–resolving simulations and a simplified framework that represents convection with its linear response functions and parameterizes the large-scale flow based on the gravity wave equation. For sinusoidal SST forcings of the same amplitude, as the horizontal domain size increases, the mock Walker cells strengthen substantially and shorter vertical scales in the vertical velocity profile diminish. This is explained by the fact that temperature anomalies required to sustain a vertical velocity profile of given amplitude are stronger in cases of larger horizontal and smaller vertical scales. Such temperature anomalies become significant at planetary scales so that properly accounting for the horizontal momentum balance, including convective momentum transport (CMT), becomes necessary, while a weak temperature gradient approach that neglects horizontal momentum balance is no longer adequat.
A 8-bit 1-GS/s subranged ADC in 65-nm CMOS process

A digitally subranged analog to digital converter (ADC) using 65nm CMOS process with 1/1.2 of supply voltage is reported in this paper. By employing the charge-pump base background calibrating scheme, the offset voltage from process mismatch could be compensated within three standard deviation less than half of least significant bit (LSB) requirement. A one's counter base thermal to binary encoder is applied for reducing the impact from random noise. At 1-GS/s sampling rate, the SNR obtained 39.4dB by simulated result at Nyquist frequency. This ADC will occupy an active area of 0.318 um2.
Legacy Effects of Canopy Disturbance on Ecosystem Functioning in Macroalgal Assemblages

Macroalgal assemblages are some of the most productive systems on earth and they contribute significantly to nearshore ecosystems. Globally, macroalgal assemblages are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities such as sedimentation, eutrophication and climate change. Despite this, very little research has considered the potential effects of canopy loss on primary productivity, although the literature is rich with evidence showing the ecological effects of canopy disturbance. In this study we used experimental removal plots of habitat-dominating algae (Order Fucales) that had been initiated several years previously to construct a chronosequence of disturbed macroalgal communities and to test if there were legacy effects of canopy loss on primary productivity. We used in situ photo-respirometry to test the primary productivity of algal assemblages in control and removal plots at two intertidal elevations. In the mid tidal zone assemblage, the removal plots at two sites had average primary productivity values of only 40% and 60% that of control areas after 90 months. Differences in productivity were associated with lower biomass and density of the fucoid algal canopy and lower taxa richness in the removal plots after 90 months. Low-shore plots, established three years earlier, showed that the loss of the large, dominant fucoid resulted in at least 50% less primary productivity of the algal assemblage than controls, which lasted for 90 months; other smaller fucoid species had recruited but they were far less productive. The long term reduction in primary productivity following a single episode of canopy loss of a dominant species in two tidal zones suggests that these assemblages are not very resilient to large perturbations. Decreased production output may have severe and long-lasting consequences on the surrounding communities and has the potential to alter nutrient cycling in the wider nearshore environment.
In vivo confocal microscopy of meibomian glands in Sjögren's syndrome.

PURPOSE To evaluate morphologic changes in meibomian glands (MGs) and the status of periglandular inflammation in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) using in vivo confocal laser microscopy (LSCM). METHODS Twenty patients with primary SS (SSI), 25 with secondary SS (SSII), 20 with MG dysfunction (MGD), and 25 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled consecutively. Each participant completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and underwent a full eye examination, including tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and lissamine green staining, Schirmer test, and an LSCM examination of the MGs, the last to determine acinar unit density and diameter, glandular orifice diameters, meibum secretion reflectivity, inhomogeneous appearance of glandular interstice, and acinar wall. RESULTS All parameters indicated statistically significant differences among groups (P < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). LSCM demonstrated no differences between SSI and SSII (Mann-Whitney U test). Compared with control subjects, SS subjects' MGs showed more periglandular inflammation and higher secretion reflectivity (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Compared with MGD patients, SS patients' MGs had higher acinar density, smaller diameters, greater density of periglandular inflammatory cells, and lower secretion reflectivity (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). In SS patients, the two measured confocal signs of inflammation were significantly interrelated and correlated with corneal fluorescein staining (P ≤ 0.01, Spearman correlation coefficient). Acinar density and diameters were strongly correlated among themselves (P < 0.001) and with BUT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LSCM is capable of effectively revealing morphologic and inflammatory changes in MGs and showed discernible patterns of MG abnormalities in SS and MGD not easily distinguishable by the usual clinical exams.