Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An out-band control mechanism for Ad hoc networks routings

Energy conserving performance is an important criterion in routing protocol design in Ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a radio on-off control mechanism which requires an additional radio on each node to transmit control packets using a control channel for conserving energy. This mechanism allows idle nodes to turn off their data communication radios based routing information. The proposed method prevents nodes from wasting energy on idling and overhearing unintended data traffic. We apply the proposed mechanism to AODV routing protocol and compare it with original AODV and EA-AODV—a single channel energy conserving extension to AODV. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms AODV and EA-AODV in conserving energy in static ad hoc networks.
ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking

Summary: Unsupervised class discovery is a highly useful technique in cancer research, where intrinsic groups sharing biological characteristics may exist but are unknown. The consensus clustering (CC) method provides quantitative and visual stability evidence for estimating the number of unsupervised classes in a dataset. ConsensusClusterPlus implements the CC method in R and extends it with new functionality and visualizations including item tracking, item-consensus and cluster-consensus plots. These new features provide users with detailed information that enable more specific decisions in unsupervised class discovery. Availability: ConsensusClusterPlus is open source software, written in R, under GPL-2, and available through the Bioconductor project (http://www.bioconductor.org/). Contact: mwilkers@med.unc. edu Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aging Influences on Working Memory for Hand Movements: A Test of the Metamemory Deficit Hypothesis

This study examined the role verbal labels play in working memory for hand movements between young and older adults. All young adults formed verbal labels spontaneously to remember hand movements, whereas only 20% of the older adults did so. After instructed to use verbal labels, the older adults performed at a level close to the level of the young adults. These results indicated an age-related decline of the ability to spontaneously recruit a verbal labeling strategy that can be learned and retained. However, there was no significant interaction between age group and instruction, suggesting the need for further investigation into factors other than verbal labels, including the capacity of the visuospatial memory, interference from earlier items, and fatigue.
What (if any) are the returns to computer use?

Using North American data, we revisit the question first broached by Krueger (1993) and re-examined by DiNardo and Pischke (1997) of whether there exists a real wage differential associated with computer use. Employing a mixed effects model with matched employer–employee data to correct for the fact that workers and workplaces that use computers are self-selected, we find that computer users enjoy an almost 4% wage premium over nonusers. Failure to correct for worker and workplace selection effect leads to a more than twofold overestimate of this premium.
A Note on Localization and Specialization

Analysts and policy makers frequently measure industrial localization and regional specialization. However, they rarely examine the nation's full array of industries or regions. So local indices, appropriate for specific industries or selected regions, are typically estimated. But in some instances global indices would be preferable in order to assess the wider features of the entire space-economy. This article constructs global indices from the local indices already used in assessing localization and specialization. Global localization and global specialization are shown to be identical when all local indices use the dissimilarity logic. Two-digit standard industry codes manufacturing data, taken from the U.S. during 1958-1995, are used to illustrate the results. The values of these global coefficients, like their local constituents, are shown to vary with geographic scale. The discussion addresses spatial distributions (evenness) but not geographic arrangements (clustering). Copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Developing civic virtue in Kenyan health governance.

This paper analyses the concept of civic virtue based on field findings from a study conducted in four hospitals in Western Kenya regarding the impact of social capital on public provisioning. It is a central hypothesis of this study that more work needs to be done by all public affairs stakeholders in Kenya to engender and enforce a concerted campaign to raise civic mindedness amongst healthcare administrators and service providers as well as among the community of users. Civic virtue as employed in this study refers to the collection of qualities and attitudes held by the population in relation to the state and public service delivery. The researcher argues here that there are insufficient levels of civic virtue amongst healthcare service providers to enable the optimal operation of public hospitals.
Changing Skill Intensity in Australian Industry

This article examines changes in industry skill scores for Australia for the period 1991 to 2001 using indices of cognitive skill for industry based on Census employment data. Changes in mean industry cognitive skill levels are analysed, as are the relative contributions of changes to the occupational structure within industry and changes to the industry structure of employment. The main findings are that the drivers of skill change differed substantially between the two Census periods. Prior to 1996 the majority of the change was due to shifts towards industries with a more highly skilled workforce. After 1996 changes in the economy-wide skill level were dominated by within-industry changes in occupational composition. This coincided with a sharp pickup in the rate of capital expenditure on information and communication technologies. The increasing use of part-time employment overall had a deskilling effect.
Managerial Decision Making Under Uncertainty

We consider managerial decision making by examining the impact of decisions taken by cricket captains on Twenty20 International (T20I) match outcomes. In particular, we examine whether pressure from external commentators is associated with suboptimal decision making by captains. Using data from over 300 T20I matches, we find little evidence that either winning the toss or choosing to bat first improves the likelihood of winning. Despite this, we find that captains in T20I cricket are significantly more likely to choose to bat rather than bowl after winning the toss, a finding that is consistent with social pressure constraining captains’ decision making.
Optimizing cerebral oxygenation during cardiac surgery: a review of experimental and clinical investigations with near infrared spectrophotometry.

OBJECTIVES Near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) is a promising method for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. This paper reviews studies in which we aimed to validate NIRS in an experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (validation study), use the method in experimental settings to optimize cerebral oxygenation during CPB (oxygenation study), and test its utility during routine cardiac surgery (clinical study). METHODS Validation study: Forty 8-10 kg piglets underwent 60 min of DHCA at 15 degrees C, were extubated on the first postoperative day, and sacrificed on the 4th postoperative day for histologic investigations. During CPB and DHCA, the animals were investigated by NIRS (monitoring of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and oxidized cytochrome aa3 (Cytox)) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (monitoring of cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr). Oxygenation study: A normoxic (n = 5) and a hyperoxic group (n = 5) of piglets underwent 120 min of DHCA and 6 h of reperfusion with NIRS monitoring. Neuronal damage was evaluated by histology. Clinical study: Patients (n = 41) undergoing routine cardiac surgery were investigated by NIRS and neuropsychological testings. RESULTS Validation study: Reductions of CytOx and HbO2 values were closely correlated with decreases in ATP, PCr, and pHi. The changes in CytOx and PCr showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.623). Maximal CytOx reduction during DHCA predicted brain damage. Oxygenation study: Histology revealed a significant increase in brain damage in the normoxic group. Cytox and HbO2 tended to be lower during DHCA (p = 0.16). Clinical study: During CPB, arterial PCO2, pH and temperature were closely related to CytOx and HbO2. Patients who suffered from neuropsychological deficits had a lower CytOx minimum compared to those without these. CONCLUSIONS NIRS measurements, especially the CytOx signal, correlate well with high energy phosphates and have a high sensitivity to predict histologic brain damage. NIRS is an important and useful tool in studies investigating cerebral oxygenation during CPB. The CytOx signal predicted impaired neuropsychological outcome in patients. Therefore, the CytOx signal holds much interest for future studies.
Aspects of Egyptian Hydrogeology

ABSTRACT The hydrometeorology of Egypt is examined and the groundwater situation analyzed with reference to the use of environmental isotopes and the information they can provide as to pluvial and post-pluvial inputs to the Nubian aquifer system. Recharge to and discharge from this vast reservoir of partly fossil water indicate its dynamic state. The water table has declined appreciably in historic times. Lack of data makes extreme caution advisable in drawing general conclusions.
Market interdependence and financial volatility transmission in East Asia

In this paper, we adapt the Multiplicative Error Model (MEM) to analyze the interdependence of volatility across markets. The MEM specifies the dynamics of a volatility proxy (absolute returns) for one market including terms accounting for an asymmetric impact of good or bad news on the market, and possible volatility spillover terms from other markets. The specific empirical focus of the paper is on the interdependence structure of seven East Asian markets between 1990 and 2005. We pay specific attention to the stability of the significance of the links across markets on subperiods that consider or exclude the 1997 crisis and contrast results between earlier samples and more recent ones. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preferential alkali metal adduct formation by cis geometrical isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acids allows for efficient discrimination from their trans isomers during ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives are a group of structurally diverse phytochemicals that have attracted attention due to their many health benefits. The structural diversity of these molecules is due in part to the presence of regio- and geometrical isomerism. This structural diversity hampers the accurate annotation of these molecules in plant extracts. Mass spectrometry (MS) is successfully used to differentiate between the different regioisomers of the CQA derivatives; however, the accurate discrimination of the geometrical isomers of these molecules has proven to be an elusive task. METHODS UV-irradiated methanolic solutions of diCQA were analyzed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOFMS) method in negative ionisation mode. An in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) method was optimized by varying both the capillary and cone voltages to achieve differential fragmentation patterns between UV-generated geometrical isomers of the diCQAs during MS analyses. RESULTS Changes in the capillary voltage did not cause a significant difference to the fragmentation patterns of the four geometrical isomers, while changes in the cone voltage resulted in significant differences in the fragmentation patterns. The results also show, for the first time, the preferential formation of alkali metal (Li(+), Na(+) and K(+)) adducts by the cis geometrical isomers of diCQAs, compared to their trans counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Optimized QTOFMS-based methods may be used to differentiate the geometrical isomers of diCQAs. Finally, additives such as metal salts to induce adduct formation can be applied as an alternative method to differentiate closely related isomers which could have been difficult to differentiate under normal MS settings.
ePRO-MP: A tool for profiling and optimizing energy and performance of mobile multiprocessor applications

For mobile multiprocessor applications, achieving high performance with low energy consumption is a challenging task. In order to help programmers to meet these design requirements, system development tools play an important role. In this paper, we describe one such development tool, ePRO-MP, which profiles and optimizes both performance and energy consumption of multi-threaded applications running on top of Linux for ARM11 MPCore-based embedded systems. One of the key features of ePRO-MP is that it can accurately estimate the energy consumption of multi-threaded applications without requiring a power measurement equipment, using a regression-based energy model. We also describe another key benefit of ePRO-MP, an automatic optimization function, using two example problems. Using the automatic optimization function, ePRO-MP can achieve high performance and low power consumption without programmer intervention. Our experimental results show that ePRO-MP can improve the performance and energy consumption by 6.1% and 4.1%, respectively, over a baseline version for the co-running applications optimization example. For the producer-consumer application optimization example, ePRO-MP improves the performance and energy consumption by 60.5% and 43.3%, respectively over a baseline version.
Miniaturization of a Spiral Antenna Using Periodic Z-Plane Meandering

A new approach for miniaturizing an ultra-wideband spiral antenna, called the periodic spiral antenna (PSA), is presented. The combination of z-directed meandering of the antenna element and a tapered substrate profile provides a volumetric style of miniaturization. In this design, the distributed inductance and capacitance, and therefore the impedance match, are tightly controlled as the footprint is reduced. The effectiveness of z-directed meandering is confirmed through a loop antenna study that demonstrates a footprint reduction of 76.7% compared to the 57.1% reduction using planar meandering. Numerical simulations and measurements show that the PSA maintains similar performance as a traditional Archimedean spiral antenna with a miniaturization factor up to 1.2 prior to dielectric loading. A sinusoidal variation in the sidewall height of the back cavity is also shown to contribute to improved antenna performance. A 0.8-3 GHz cavity-backed PSA fabricated using a tapered ULTEM (εr = 2.75) substrate and 0.81 mm diameter copper wire is described.
Collaboration and Cultural Consent: Refocusing Sustainable Tourism

Largely reflecting the wider sustainable development debate, the discourse of sustainable tourism has yet to significantly address the cultural basis that frames our perspectives on the central environment-economy relationship. Explanations are offered for why the cultural dimension of sustainable tourism has been largely under-emphasised. Collaboration, partnership and co-management with host communities and their cultures(s) has been an encouraging trend in the process of tourism development over recent years though it displays, and is structured around, localised inequalities and fundamental imbalances of power. The paper draws upon examples of 'indigenous tourism' to illustrate this. It argues that in the context of sustainable tourism, the processes of collaboration need to be considered as part of the wider sustainable development agenda that encourages cultural democracy as a legitimate policy goal in itself. Through the recognition of cultural diversity and the allocation of cultural rights, cultu.
A decade of change in Australia’s DBA landscape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of the Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) in Australia through the lens of a changing higher education landscape. The paper reflects on issues raised in a previous analysis of DBA programmes undertaken a decade ago, and highlights persistent challenges and emerging opportunities for professional Doctorate programmes in the Australian context. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were undertaken with higher degree research directors, deans of graduate schools, and DBA programme directors from all 18 Australian institutions offering the DBA in 2013. Quantitative data on enrolments, accreditation requirements, course structures; and demographics are contextualised within a qualitative view of programme purposes, student and institutional motivations, rationales and concerns. Particular focus is given to perceptions of the difference between traditional research doctorates (PhDs) and professional doctorates, especially the DBA. Finding.
High gain, high efficiency bi-directional DC-DC converter for battery charging applications in stand-alone Photo-Voltaic systems

A bi-directional dc-dc converter is a vital part of standalone solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems for interfacing the battery. The converter proposed in this paper is a high gain, high efficiency bi-directional dc-dc converter pertinent to PV applications. The converter consists of one coupled inductor, one simple inductor, two power switches and four diodes. The circuit is operated in such a way that one switch, one coupled inductor and three diodes are used for step-up operation to boost the voltage of the battery to match the high voltage dc bus. The other switch, remaining diode and simple inductor are used for step down operation to charge the battery from the surplus PV energy. The high efficiency of the converter is achieved by optimizing components used for each step. The efficiency of the converter is as high as 98% for both step up and step down operations. Simulation of the converter has been performed for a 40V/400V, 200W system. Analysis and simulation results are presented in the paper to verify its feasibility.
Evidence for the Involvement of Nucleotide Excision Repair in the Removal of Abasic Sites in Yeast

ABSTRACT In eukaryotes, DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light and other agents which distort the helix is removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER) in a fragment ∼25 to 30 nucleotides long. In humans, a deficiency in NER causes xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and a high incidence of skin cancers. Abasic (AP) sites are formed in DNA as a result of spontaneous base loss and from the action of DNA glycosylases involved in base excision repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, AP sites are removed via the action of two class II AP endonucleases, Apn1 and Apn2. Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of NER in the removal of AP sites and show that NER competes with Apn1 and Apn2 in this repair process. Inactivation of NER in the apn1Δ orapn1Δ apn2Δ strain enhances sensitivity to the monofunctional alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate and leads to further impairment in the cellular ability to remove AP sites. A deficiency in the repair of AP sites may contribute to the internal cancers and progressive neurodegeneration that occur in XP patients.
Global Diffusion on the Internet: The Case of Uganda

The Internet story in Uganda dates back to April 1993 with associations to a fidonet node at Makerere University, the largest institution of higher education of the country situated in the capitol city of Kampala. E-mail services in private companies became accessible in August 1994, making Uganda one of the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa to gain full Internet connection. In this paper, we intend to investigate the extent of Internet diffusion in Uganda. We will use the Global diffusion of the Internet (GDI) framework to assess Uganda Internet Readiness, Conclusive remarks are made, and suggestions that the government should implement the enacted policies to enhance the adoption and diffusion processes are recommended. The six GDI dimensions: Pervasiveness, Dispersion, Sectoral Absorption, Connectivity Infrastructure, Organizational Infrastructure, and Sophistication of Use will allow us to portray a clear picture of the Internet diffusion process while identifying the most significant barriers
Quantitative Comparison for Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Configurations of Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machines

This paper compares the fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) configurations of permanent-magnet vernier (PMV) machines. The representative three-phase FSCW PMV machines with 12 slots are considered, in which the number of slots per pole per phase (SPP) is 1/2, 2/5 and 2/7. Each SPP relates to two winding configurations, namely double-layer and single-layer. Based on the same electric loading, they are designed to have the same peripheral dimensions. The star of slots is applied to analyze these FSCW PMV machines initially including winding connection, winding factors. A simple method to analyze the order of the largest harmonic of PMV machines with SPP <; 1/2 induced by armature windings is proposed. By using the time-stepping finite-element method (TS-FEM), the performances of the proposed FSCW PMV machines are analyzed and compared quantitatively.
The Embrace-Withdraw Continuum Scale: Operationalizing Residents’ Responses toward Tourism Development

For more than three decades, tourism scholars have devoted attention to describing, explaining, and potentially predicting how host residents respond to tourism development in their community. A recent qualitative study by Ap and Crompton proposed that residents employ four strategies with regard to tourism activity in their community. These responses to tourism fall along a continuum of strategies ranging from embracing tourism to physical or psychological withdrawal from the community. However, the literature has not provided researchers with an operational measure of the embrace-withdraw continuum. This study reports on the development and measurement of an embrace-withdraw scale using data from a probability sample of residents of Bozeman, Montana. The scale demonstrated both reliability and validity. Several recommendations for future research are provided for implementing the embrace-withdraw continuum scale when conducting host-resident studies.
The Academic use of Social Networks Among University Students in Jordan

Most of the Arab world youths are using Social Networks for many different uses, while academic uses are still not in a formal perspective. This study aimed at exploring the academic uses of Social Networks among the students of several Jordanian Universities. The sample was analyzed according to university, faculty, gender, and year level. The study took place in four Jordanian universities in the first semester / 2012, by exploring (727) of those students through a questionnaire to collect data about SNS uses. Results of T-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe Post Hoc Tests, revealed a great deal of uses of Social Networks in three domains:1) Academic, 2) Intensity, and 3) Group uses, but not in a formal perspective. The researchers’ recommendations are to make better use of those Social Networks by integrating them in universities' learning management systems.