Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of internal rotation gait due to gluteus medius and minimus overactivity in cerebral palsy: Anatomical rationale of a new surgical procedure and preliminary results in twelve hips

Spastic overactivity of the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius and minimus can result in an internal rotation gait associated with excessive hip and pelvic rotation. The currently advocated operation for this problem can result in weakness of hip abduction. The anatomical features of the gluteal muscles suggest that this gait abnormality can be corrected by selectively reducing the internal rotator function of the anterior fibers of the glutei without disturbing the abductor fibers. Such an operative procedure was devised and performed on 12 hips. The gait improved in all hips without any demonstrable weakness of the hip abductor power. Clin. Anat. 11:22–28, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser microdissection‐based analysis of cytokine balance in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis

To determine the cytokine balance in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), we analysed kidney‐infiltrating T cells. Renal biopsy samples from 15 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were used. In accordance with the classification of International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society, they were categorized into Class III, Class III+V (Class III‐predominant group, n = 4), Class IV, Class IV+V (Class IV‐predominant group, n = 7) and Class V (n = 4) groups. The single‐cell samples of both the glomelular and interstitial infiltrating cells were captured by laser‐microdissection. The glomerular and interstitial infiltrating T cells produced interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13 and IL‐17 cytokines in the Class III‐predominant, Class IV‐predominant and Class V groups. Interferon‐gamma was detected only in the glomeruli of the Class III‐predominant and Class V group samples. The expression level of IL‐17 was correlated closely with clinical parameters such as haematuria, blood urea nitrogen level, SLE Disease Activity Index scores in both glomeruli and interstitium, urine protein level in glomeruli and serum creatinine and creatinine clearance levels in interstitium. This suggests that the glomerular infiltrating T cells might act as T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cells while the interstitial infiltrating T cells, act as Th2 and Th17 cells in the Class III‐predominant and Class V groups. In contrast, both the glomerular and interstitial infiltrating T cells might act as Th2 and Th17 cells in the Class IV‐predominant group. The cytokine balances may be dependent upon the classification of renal pathology, and IL‐17 might play a critical role in SLE development.
Interference in Clinical Laboratory Tests, with Special Regard to the Bilirubin Assay: Effects of a Metabolite of the New Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Inhibitor, Lufironil

During the toxicological examination of the fibrosuppressive agent, Lufironil (INN), in rats a dose-dependent positive reaction for urinary bilirubin was observed. This positive reaction was found in quantitative assays, and when using test strips. The positive reaction for bilirubin in these assay systems was caused by a metabolite of Lufironil. It was not due to drug toxicity, and it was not caused by any endogenous substrate produced under the influence of Lufironil. The compound responsible for this reaction was isolated by HPLC and its structure determined by spectroscopic methods. The structure was confirmed by synthesis, starting from pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate. The synthesized compound and the compound in urine gave an identical reaction with the test reagent for bilirubin.
Detection of faults in PMSM using Field Reconstruction Method and Mechanical Impulse Response

A novel approach for quick evaluation of the electromagnetically induced vibration in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is introduced. Field Reconstruction Method (FRM) and Mechanical Impulse Response (MIR) are used for this purpose. The electromagnetic forces and vibration emissions are analyzed in time and frequency domain for healthy and faulty cases. These analyses allow for detecting specific properties of forces and vibration which are later on used for identifying various fault conditions. The proposed concept has been experimentally verified. Comparison of the vibration emissions for different operating conditions under various types of faults are presented as well.
Power reduction of 7T dual-Vt SRAM cell using forward body biasing

A low power seven transistors (7T) dual threshold voltage (dual-Vt) SRAM cell in 65nm CMOS technology is presented. Using the conventional dual-Vt 7T structure, reduces both read/write and standby (leakage) power consumption significantly compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell. In order to reduce the leakage power consumption even further, a forward body biasing (FBB) technique was used for the stacked read transistors. This optimization resulted in significant reduction in standby and a slight reduction in write power dissipation.
A new design for the BirthSIM simulator to improve realism

This paper presents a new design of the BirthSIM simulator. Its goal is to help obstetricians and midwives to train and improve their skills during childbirth delivery. The new version of the BirthSIM is more actuated than the previous version in order to be more biofidelic and cover various scenarios. The direct and inverse geometric models of the haptic interface are presented. The working space reached by the fetal head is computed and validates the proposed design which allows to reproduce all fetal head trajectories inside the pelvis. The novelty is illustrated by an example which presents a simulated trajectory stemmed from a sacrum shape measure. The inverse geometric model allows to compute the actuators displacements and thus to validate the chosen components.
Correlation between clinicopathological features and karyotype in 100 cartilaginous and chordoid tumours. A report from the Chromosomes and Morphology (CHAMP) Collaborative Study Group

The evaluation of chondroid lesions requires full integration of clinical, radiographic, and pathological data; tumour typing is often a challenge for the diagnostic pathologist. Although a variety of chromosomal abnormalities have been documented in chondroid lesions, the potential usefulness of cytogenetic analysis remains unclear. This study has critically reviewed and analysed 117 karyotyped samples from 100 patients with cartilaginous and chordoid tumours. Cases were selected based on successful chromosomal analysis and adequacy of clinical, radiographic, and pathological information. To ensure objective evaluation, the cytogenetic results were correlated in a double‐blind setting with consensus diagnoses independently determined on each case, after complete review of the histological, radiographic, and clinical findings. Karyotypic aberrations were identified in 41/92 cartilaginous tumours (5/11 osteochondromas, 2/3 chondromyxoid fibromas, 0/4 chondroblastomas, 11/29 chondromas, 0/3 chondroid tumours of undetermined malignant potential, 22/40 chondrosarcomas and 1/2 miscellaneous cartilaginous lesions) and 5/8 chordomas. Complex karyotypic changes were a feature of malignant tumours (chondrosarcoma and chordoma) and of chondrosarcoma among cartilaginous tumours, where they correlated with high tumour grade. Among primary well‐differentiated cartilaginous lesions of bone, the finding of an abnormal karyotype was consistently associated with a grade 1 chondrosarcoma diagnosis. Among karyotypically abnormal cartilaginous tumours, loss of distal 8q was associated with osteochondroma, +5 with synovial chondroma/chondromatosis and parosteal or soft tissue chondroma, alterations of chromosome arm 6q with chondromyxoid fibroma, +7 with bone chondrosarcoma, and 17p1 alterations with grade 3 chondrosarcoma. Alterations involving 12q13 characterized synovial chondroma/chondromatosis in the chondroma group and myxoid chondrosarcoma of bone in the chondrosarcoma group. In conclusion, cytogenetic abnormalities in chondroid lesions are common and are not randomly distributed. They are associated with malignancy/tumour grade as well as with specific diagnoses in many cases, and can therefore be of potential value for tumour typing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel gain scheduling method for distributed power generation systems with a LCL-filter by estimating grid impedance

This paper proposes a gain scheduling method that improves stability of a grid-connected inverter system by estimating a grid impedance. The grid impedance is estimated through a method of the periodical variation of active and reactive powers (PQ variations). Inverters adopted in distributed power generation system (DPGS) are often connected to the grid through an LCL-filter. An LCL-filter can reduce the harmonics induced by a low switching frequency and produces a satisfactory level of a grid side current using a relatively low-inductance compared with an L-filter. However, since the impedance of the LCL-filter has a typical frequency spectrum with a resonance peak, it has to employ a damping method in order to avoid instability. To improve the stability of the system, the proposed method instantaneously estimates a grid impedance and, at the same time, observes a resonance frequency. Consequently, the proposed method changed current controller gain through the gain scheduling method to guarantee the stability of controller on the change of resonance frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
Effects of in vitro hemodilution of canine blood on platelet function analysis using the PFA-100.

BACKGROUND The platelet function analyzer (PFA)-100 is a point-of-care instrument previously evaluated in humans and dogs. In both species, artificially prolonged platelet closure time (CT) occurs with anemia. Reliability of the analyzer in dogs becomes a concern when the HCT is between 0.25 and 0.35 L/L. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to further define the level of HCT at which CT is prolonged, using in vitro diluted canine blood. METHODS Citrated whole blood samples were collected from 22 healthy dogs. Initial HCT was determined and autologous platelet-rich plasma was added to samples to achieve HCTs of 0.33, 0.30, and 0.27 L/L. CT was determined in duplicate on the PFA-100 using collagen/adenosine-5'-diphosphate cartridges. RESULTS Compared with the initial CT in samples with HCT 0.39-0.54 L/L (CT mean+/-SD=57.8+/-5.75 seconds), significantly prolonged CTs were found in hemodiluted samples with HCT 0.33 L/L (61.1+/-4.64 seconds), 0.30 L/L (64.3+/-6.79 seconds), and 0.27 L/L (70.8+/-7.90 seconds) (P=0.029; repeated measures ANOVA). CONCLUSION Although statistical differences were found, further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of the mild prolongation in CT associated with mild anemia. Until then, dogs with HCTs slightly <0.35 L/L should be evaluated cautiously for platelet dysfunction using the PFA-100.
Prize-linked savings mechanism in the portfolio selection framework

Prize-linked savings (PLS) instruments implement the lottery-like component into the structure of traditional financial products. Following existing research based on both real and experimental data, such programs appeared highly successful in raising the overall savings rates within the given environments. PLS accounts seem to be treated by decision-makers as substitutes to ordinary lotteries, but this does not hold when comparing PLS with traditional interest-bearing savings products. This paper explains such empirical observations in a framework of portfolio selection problem. For that purpose, two models have been presented and used for deriving optimal portfolios in a presence of PLS, lottery and savings products. As shown in the analysis, the standard mean-variance model does not allow for a PLS instrument to be of optimum choice, whereas in the case of behavioural portfolio model allocating all disposable income.
The role of response requirements in task switching: dissolving the residue

Task-switching paradigms, which are regularly used to assay ‘executive control’ processes in humans, almost invariably reveal a decrement in subjects' performance on the first trial following a switch of task. That is, subjects are slower to respond and more error prone on the switch trial, a difference in performance that has been termed the ‘switch-cost’. This switch cost has then been taken to reflect the time taken by neural control processes. Previous studies have shown that while performance improves as more time is provided to prepare for the switch, switch costs persist, even over very long intervals. In the present study, however, we find that changing the response regimen (choice reaction time vs go-no-go) has profound effects on the switch cost. A task switching paradigm was used in which subjects randomly switched between two tasks, based on a cue that was presented at varying intervals prior to the presentation of the imperative stimulus. While switch costs were found in all conditions in the choice reaction time blocks, they were completely abolished in the go-no-go blocks when sufficient preparation time was provided (500 or 800 ms). This is important because the only difference between the choice reaction time and go–no-go conditions was the response requirement: these conditions did not differ in the stimuli used, in the tasks performed or in the preparation time provided. These data call into question models of executive control that interpret switch costs as reflecting the time taken by neural processes to switch the system from a readiness to perform one task to a readiness to perform another.
Target following for an autonomous underwater vehicle using regularized ELM-based reinforcement learning

In order to achieve autonomy and intelligence of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), dynamic target following in the unknown environment is one of the important problems to solve. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers the possibility of learning a policy to solve a particular task without manual intervention and previous experience. However, RL algorithms are not competent for continuous space problems existing universally in underwater environment. In this paper, the method of an AUV using regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) based RL is proposed for following the moving target. The most typical and common method of RL used in applications is Q learning, which can generate the proper policy for AUV control. And RELM is proposed as a modification of ELM, which can guarantee the generalization performance and work with continuous states and actions. The simulation results have shown that AUV successfully tracks and follows the moving target by the proposed method.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Linkage Disequilibrium of an Association-Mapping Panel Revealed by Genome-Wide SNP Markers in Sesame

The characterization of genetic diversity and population structure can be used in tandem to detect reliable phenotype–genotype associations. In the present study, we genotyped a set of 366 sesame germplasm accessions by using 89,924 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The number of SNPs on each chromosome was consistent with the physical length of the respective chromosome, and the average marker density was approximately 2.67 kb/SNP. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the average nucleotide diversity of the panel was 1.1 × 10-3, with averages of 1.0 × 10-4, 2.7 × 10-4, and 3.6 × 10-4 obtained, respectively for three identified subgroups of the panel: Pop 1, Pop 2, and the Mixed. The genetic structure analysis revealed that these sesame germplasm accessions were structured primarily along the basis of their geographic collection, and that an extensive admixture occurred in the panel. The genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that an average LD extended up to ∼99 kb. The genetic diversity and population structure revealed in this study should provide guidance to the future design of association studies and the systematic utilization of the genetic variation characterizing the sesame panel.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Downlink Coordinated Two-Point Systems

In order to improve the spectral efficiency, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with superposition coding is employed in a coordinated system where downlink signals to users near to base stations (BSs) and cell-edge users are transmitted simultaneously. To support a cell-edge user in a NOMA channel, two coordinated BSs use Alamouti code. In order to see the performance, we derive expressions for the transmission rates to near and cell-edge users. It is shown that the proposed coordinated superposition coding (CSC) scheme can provide a reasonable transmission rate to a cell-edge user without degrading the rates to users near to BSs.
Visual Task Solution Strategies in Public Transport Maps

Public transport maps are used as visual aid for travellers to support the route finding task from a start to a destination. Although those maps are designed in a user-friendly manner by applying effective layouts, color codings, as well as intuitive symbolic representations it is unclear which perceptual, readability, and understandability problems the human user has when looking at those maps. In a preliminary eye tracking experiment with 8 participants, we asked people to find a way between highlighted start and destination stations on different maps. Based on a visual scanpath analysis, we discovered a set of different visual task solution strategies that will build the foundation for hypotheses to evaluate in a final user study.
Time Course of the Translocation and Inhibition of Protein kinase C During Complete Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat

Abstract: The time course for the ischemia‐induced changes in the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) (α), (β311). and (γ) and the activity of PKC were studied in the neocortex of rats subjected to 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min of global cerebral ischemia. In the particulate fraction, a 14‐fold increase in PKC (γ) levels was seen at 3 min of ischemia, which further increased at 5–15 min of ischemia. At 15 min of ischemia, PKC (γ) and (βll) levels had increased two‐ and six‐fold, respectively. In the cytosolic fraction, a transient early 1.4‐fold increase in PKC (βll) and PKC (γ) levels was seen, whereas no change in the levels PKC (α) was noted. PKC (γ) levels then progressively declined, reaching 50% at 15 min of ischemia. At 5 min of ischemia, a 43% decrease in PKC activity was seen in the particulate fraction, reaching 50% at 15 min of ischemia concomitant with a 27% decrease in the cytosolic fraction. There was no change in the activator‐independent PKC activity. Pretreatment with the ganglioside AGF2 prevented the redistribution of PKC (γ) in the particulate fraction at 5 min. but not at 10 min of ischemia. The observed time course for the translocation of PKC (γ) parallels the ischemia‐induced release of neurotransmitters and increased levels of diacylglycerols, arachidonate, and intra‐cellular calcium and delineates this subspecies as especially ischemia‐sensitive. Ganglioside pretreatment delayed the translocation of PKC (γ), possibly by counteracting the effects of ischemia‐induced factors that favor PKC binding to cell membranes.
Resonance Raman and vibrational mode analysis used to predict ligand geometry for docking simulations of a water soluble porphyrin and tubulin

The ability to modify the conformation of a protein by controlled partial unfolding may have practical applications such as inhibiting its function or providing non-native photosensitive properties. A water-soluble porphyrin, meso-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP), non-covalently bound to tubulin can be used as a photosensitizer, which upon irradiation can lead to conformational changes of the protein. To fully understand the mechanism responsible for this partial unfolding and determine the amino acid residues and atoms involved, it is essential to find the most likely binding location and the configuration of the ligand and protein. Techniques typically used to analyze atomic position details, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography, require large concentrations, which are incompatible with the dilute conditions required in experiments for photoinduced mechanisms. Instead, we develop an atomistic description of the TSPP–tubulin complex using vibrational mode analysis from density functional theory calculations correlated to resonance Raman spectra of the porphyrin paired with docking simulations. Changes in the Raman peaks of the porphyrin molecule correlate with changes in its structural vibrational modes when bound to tubulin. The data allow us to construct the relative geometry of the porphyrin when bound to protein, which are then used with docking simulations to find the most likely configuration of the TSPP–tubulin complex.
Transcriptional and Hormonal Regulation of Weeping Trait in Salix matsudana

Salix matsudana is a large and rapidly-growing tree, with erect or spreading branchlets (upright willow). However, S. matsudana var. pseudomatsudana is one of the varietas, with pendulous branchlets (weeping willow). It has high ornamental value for its graceful pendulous branches. In order to study the molecular basis for this weeping trait, leaves and stems collected at different developmental stages were analyzed using RNA-seq coupled with digital gene expression. Although weeping trees are used worldwide as landscape plants, little is known about the genes that control weeping. Our growth results indicated that branches in weeping willow developed and elongated throughout all developmental stages, but branches in upright willow grew rapidly in the initial stages and then grew slowly and began shoot branching in the middle stages. A total of 613 hormone-related genes were differentially expressed in willow development. Among these, genes associated with auxin and gibberellin (GA) were highly likely to be responsible for the weeping trait, and genes associated with auxin and ethylene probably play crucial roles in shoot elongation. The genes with differential expression patterns were used to construct a network that regulated stem development, and auxin-related genes were identified as hub genes in the network in the weeping willow. Our results suggest an important role of gibberellin and auxin in regulating the weeping trait in Salix matsudana. This is the first report on the molecular aspects of hormonal effects on weeping trait in willow using transcriptomics and helps in dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which the weeping trait is controlled.
Decolorization of methylene blue in aqueous suspensions of gold nanoparticles using parallel nanosecond pulsed laser

Using 532 nm parallel nanosecond pulsed laser, the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous suspensions of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as irradiation time, laser energy, and initial MB concentration on the decolorization rate were investigated. Experiments using real samples of textile dyeing wastewater were also carried out to examine the effectiveness of the method in more complex samples. From the results, the following conclusions may be drawn: (i) Under the optimum conditions (pH 7.19, 135 mJ laser energy, 4 mg/L MB concentration, and 11.6 mg/L GNP concentration), the rate of MB decolorization could reach 94% in 15 min. The decolorization follows pseudo–first-order kinetics; (ii) The amount of MB decreased rapidly during the decolorization. No intermediates of the decolorization could be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. These observations indicate that MB was decolorized through a very rapid degradation mechanism; (iii) The rate of MB decolorization increased with the increase in laser energy (at laser energies of 0 to 135 mJ); and, (iv) The efficient decolorization of MB in real samples of textile dyeing wastewater was achieved at a decolorization rate of about 85% in 15 min.