Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Arnold, headmaster : a reassessment

It was during the 19th century that many public schools were founded and when most established their reputations. Thomas Arnold, although known in his lifetime as a religious and political controversialist, is best remembered today as the reforming Head Master of Rugby School from 1828-42. This is the first biography to bring to light Arnold's life and achievements at Rugby. Michael McCrum, headmaster of Eton for ten years, former Classics teacher at Rugby, and currently Governor of the School, discusses various accounts of Arnold's achievments that have been both exaggerated and maligned, shows to what degree Arnold deserved his reputation, and provides a fascinating insight into the British public school tradition over the years.
Text Detection and Translation from Natural Scenes

Abstract : The authors present a system for automatic extraction and interpretation of signs from a natural scene. The system is capable of capturing images, detecting and recognizing signs, and translating them into a target language. The translation can be displayed on a hand-held wearable display or a head-mounted display. It can also be synthesized as a voice output message over the earphones. The paper addresses challenges in automatic sign extraction and translation, describes methods for automatic sign extraction, and extends example-based machine translation technology for sign translation. The authors use a user-centered approach in system development that takes advantage of human intelligence and leverages human capabilities. They are currently working on Chinese sign translation. So far, they have developed a prototype system that can recognize Chinese signs from a video camera and then translate them either into English text or a voice stream. They have built a database containing about 800 Chinese signs for development and evaluation. The authors hope that the sign translation, in conjunction with spoken language translation, will help international tourists overcome language barriers. The technology could also help a visually handicapped person increase his or her environmental awareness.
Corr elation Network Model of Auditory Processing

The Correlation Network model serves as a framework for models of auditory processing for pitch, timbre, localization and sound segregation. It comprises three modules. The first module calculates arrays of running correlation coefficients (two autocorrelation arrays, one crosscorrelation array). Each array is two dimensional, indexed in time measured relative to a sliding origin (the ”present”), and lag. If peripheral frequency analysis is taken into account, the arrays have a third dimension: tonotopy. Integration over a sliding window in the correlation calculation removes most of the fine time structure, so the output of the first module consists of slowly varying values. The second module calculates a weighted sum of its inputs. The third module controls the weights of the second module while monitoring its output, and is responsible for producing the behavior expected from the model. Based upon the Correlation Network model, a wide range of models of pitch, timbre and binaural processing can be implemented, in particular those involving correlation and cancellation. It offers a uniform basis for these operations with a simple mapping to known anatomy (module I to the brainstem, modules II and III to midbrain and beyond). It allows complex models (such as multi-stage cancellation) to be cast in relatively simple and plausible terms. It provides useful inspiration for signal processing tasks such as F0 estimation, spectral estimation and source separation.
Book Review: My journey into Alzheimer's disease: A story of hope

My journey into Alzheimer's disease:A Story ofhope, by Robert Davis, is a book well worth reading, but one that many may not find easy to get through. To my knowledge, this is the only book written from the perspective of the victim of Alzheimer's disease. Robert Davis is a young (53 years of age), physically vigorous and imposing man who, at the peak of his career as a very successful pastor, is afflicted with a rapidly progressing dementia that is diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease. Journey is his record of the onset and impact of the disease through what is probably an early middle stage. Davis' ministerial career was built, in part, on his ability to reflect on experience and put it into words. The book benefits from this well-developed skill. His vocation provides him with a framework of faith within which to interpret and speak of experience. The book emanates from this framework, and the reader is constantly aware of this perspective of faith. Depending on a reader's bent, this canbe illuminating or distracting-, it can never be ignored. Davis' stated purpose in writing the book exemplifies the skill and the framework He intends ". to be the voice for the voiceless people who suffer from this devastating disease. Perhaps explaining my feelings and emotions will give a glimmer of understanding to those who must care formy fellow sufferers who can no longer explain their tortured feelings. Perhaps I can . give new hope and assurance to those faithful Christians whose former emotional feelings and blessings are being washed away by the start of this disease, andwho are in spiritual despair because they are unable to understand what is happeningto them. " (pp. 12-13) The book documents two kinds of losses: one at the level of personal meaning and confidence, the other at more practical functional and cognitive levels. In the first instance, the book is a spiritual autobiography ending with the early stage of the disease. It describes Davis' early life, his deepening fait, his entry to the ministry and his advancement to great success in his field. With the onset of Alzheimer's, Davis experiences a shift from active efficacy as a minister to a trusting dependence on his God in the absence of a useful pastoral role. At amore secular level, we see the loss of a lifetime of acquired competence and the assuredness that comes from that, the passing through of a dark night of selfdoubt and self-denigration, and the
Magnetic field dissipation in neutron star crusts: From magnetars to isolated neutron stars

Context. We study the non-linear evolution of magnetic fields in neutron star crusts with special attention to the influence of the Hall drift. Aims. Our goal is to understand the conditions for fast dissipation due to the Hall term in the induction equation. We study the interplay of Ohmic dissipation and Hall drift in order to find a timescale for the overall crustal field decay. Methods. We solve the Hall induction equation numerically by means of a hybrid method (spectral in angles but finite differences in the radial coordinate). The microphysical input consists of the most modern available crustal equation of state, composition, and electrical conductivities. Results. We present the first long-term simulations of the non-linear magnetic field evolution in realistic neutron star crusts with a stratified electron number density and temperature dependent conductivity. We show that Ohmic dissipation influenced by Hall drift takes place in neutron star crusts on a timescale of 10 6 years. When the initial magnetic field has magnetar strength, the fast Hall drift results in an initial rapid dissipation stage that lasts ∼10 4 years. The interplay of the Hall drift with the temporal variation and spatial gradient of conductivity tends to favor the displacement of toroidal fields toward the inner crust, where stable configurations can last for ∼ 10 6 years. We show that the thermally emitting, isolated neutron stars, such as the Magnificent Seven, are very likely descendants of neutron stars born as magnetars.
Title : Does HIV Increase the Risk of Spousal Violence in sub-Saharan Africa ?

Although a positive association is found between HIV prevalence and intimate partner violence, a causal interpretation is hard to establish due to eneogeneity of the HIV prevalence. Using the distance from the origin of the virus as an instrument, I find that an exogenous increase in HIV prevalence in a cluster increases the risk of physical and sexual violence against women within marriage. A positive effect on emotional violence is also found in some sub-sample. I explore three channels that potentially mediate the effect of HIV on spousal violence. While I do not find convincing evidence on the effects through changing marriage market conditions or shorter expected lifespan, I find evidence that suggests the increased conflicts over condom use as a channel through which HIV increases the risk of spousal violence.
Grandparents raising grandchildren: A psychoeducational group approach

Abstract This article presents results from a study exploring the use of a psychoeducational group format specifically developed for grandparents who are raising their grandchildren. The 8-week group sessions covered topics such as parenting skills, personal well-being, relationships, managing finances, and exploring legal issues. Group facilitators noted grandparents consistently met objectives of the content areas, with increased mastery as sessions progressed. Custodial grandparents rated the group experience as positive, indicating a high degree of interest and enjoyment from the psychoeducational format, with no differences reported across session topics.
Lightweight Invariants with Full Dependent Types

Dependent types allow a programmer to express invariant properties of functions, such as the relationship between the input and output lengths of a list. Several “lightweight” approaches to dependent types have been proposed for existing systems, such as Haskell’s Generalised Algebraic Data Types or Type Families. Such approaches are lightweight in the sense that they require minimal modifications to existing systems. However, while these extensions are apparently simple, we find that we often run into limitations fairly quickly. In this paper we will explore these limitations, and show that a full dependent type system allows more straightforward implementation of simple invariants without restricting expressivity.
Effect of In-Season Generic and Soccer-Specific High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Soccer Players

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different interval training regimes on the physical capacity and soccer-specific skills of young soccer players. Twenty-two subjects were divided into two groups: small-sided games group (SSGG; age: 15.8 ± 0.63 y, body mass: 61.6 ± 8.97 kg, height: 175.0 ± 6.23 cm) or interval-running group (IRG; age: 15.8 ± 0.55 y, body mass: 62.7 ± 8.69 kg, height: 177.6 ± 6.48 cm). The groups completed two different 8-week training programs. The intervention consisted of two training sessions per week (IRG – 7 × 3 min running where each bout consisted of 15 s of high-intensity running and 15 s of jogging with an active recovery period of 3 min; SSGG – 3 vs. 3 games for 7 × 3 min, with an active recovery period of 3 min). Significant changes over time were found in V̇O2max (p = 0.009, η2 = 0.29) and peak power (p = 0.014, η2 = 0.26). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase in the maximal oxygen uptake only in the SSG group (p = 0.019). No significant improvement in running speed was found. The mean HR at AT increased significantly in both groups. A relevant correlation (group × time) was found for oxygen uptake at the AT intensity (p = 0.015, η2 = 0.26). A significant time effect was also present with respect to this variable (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.61). Post-hoc analysis of the V̇O2/AT index revealed no relevant (p = 0.19) improvements in the IRG (from 44.1 ± 5.72 to 46.0 ± 5.03 ml·kg−1·min−1), but there was a significant (p = 0.000) increase in the SSG (from 40.9 ± 3.51 to 46.0 ± 3.88 ml·kg−1·min−1). The improvement in soccer-specific skills was not significant (3.2 % in IRG and 5.3 % in SSGG). The results of this study show that small-sided games and running can both be efficient training strategies for developing aerobic capacity and soccer-specific skills.
KRAB zinc-finger proteins localise to novel KAP1-containing foci that are adjacent to PML nuclear bodies

The KRAB-zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) represent a very large, but poorly understood, family of transcriptional regulators in mammals. They are thought to repress transcription via their interaction with KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1), which then assembles a complex of chromatin modifiers to lay down histone marks that are associated with inactive chromatin. Studies of KRAB-ZFP/KAP1-mediated gene silencing, using reporter constructs and ectopically expressed proteins, have shown colocalisation of both KAP1 and repressed reporter target genes to domains of constitutive heterochromatin in the nucleus. However, we show here that although KAP1 does indeed become recruited to pericentric heterochromatin during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, endogenous KRAB-ZFPs do not. Rather, KRAB-ZFPs and KAP1 relocalise to novel nucleoplasmic foci that we have termed KRAB- and KAP1-associated (KAKA) foci. HP1s can also concentrate in these foci and there is a close spatial relationship between KAKA nuclear foci and PML nuclear bodies. Finally, we reveal differential requirements for the recruitment of KAP1 to pericentric heterochromatin and KAKA foci, and suggest that KAKA foci may contain sumoylated KAP1 – the form of the protein that is active in transcriptional repression.
Culturally Tuned Emotional Intelligence: A Tripartite Cultural Analysis

This article is concerned with culturally tuned emotional intelligence (CTEI) as an effective cross-cultural management tool. Cultural values create a commonality among its members in how they interpret and subsequently respond to emotional issues. Improving management understanding of employee emotions may enhance both productivity and quality of life in the workplace. Management of culturally diverse environments requires both the ability to meet intellectual challenges and emotional strategies to empathize with and motivate employees. CTEI may promote positive emotions and behaviors that lead to success, and minimize negative ones that waste company resources. This paper uses the tripartite conceptualization of culture including the national culture level, professional culture level and organizational culture level. The Emotional Process Model (Druskat & Wolfe, 2001) is used to illustrate the influence of culture on the emotional responses of employees. Case studies are presented for each of the three cultural areas, depicting varying emotional responses to management initiatives. These examples provide a cultural lens that may be used by managers to better understand the emotions of culturally diverse employees. This exploratory paper attempts to extend the basic understanding of emotional intelligence by using a cultural perspective.
Optimal habits can develop spontaneously through sensitivity to local cost

Habits and rituals are expressed universally across animal species. These behaviors are advantageous in allowing sequential behaviors to be performed without cognitive overload, and appear to rely on neural circuits that are relatively benign but vulnerable to takeover by extreme contexts, neuropsychiatric sequelae, and processes leading to addiction. Reinforcement learning (RL) is thought to underlie the formation of optimal habits. However, this theoretic formulation has principally been tested experimentally in simple stimulus-response tasks with relatively few available responses. We asked whether RL could also account for the emergence of habitual action sequences in realistically complex situations in which no repetitive stimulus-response links were present and in which many response options were present. We exposed naïve macaque monkeys to such experimental conditions by introducing a unique free saccade scan task. Despite the highly uncertain conditions and no instruction, the monkeys developed a succession of stereotypical, self-chosen saccade sequence patterns. Remarkably, these continued to morph for months, long after session-averaged reward and cost (eye movement distance) reached asymptote. Prima facie, these continued behavioral changes appeared to challenge RL. However, trial-by-trial analysis showed that pattern changes on adjacent trials were predicted by lowered cost, and RL simulations that reduced the cost reproduced the monkeys’ behavior. Ultimately, the patterns settled into stereotypical saccade sequences that minimized the cost of obtaining the reward on average. These findings suggest that brain mechanisms underlying the emergence of habits, and perhaps unwanted repetitive behaviors in clinical disorders, could follow RL algorithms capturing extremely local explore/exploit tradeoffs.
Integrated Disinfection By-Products Mixtures Research: Disinfection of Drinking Waters by Chlorination and Ozonation/Postchlorination Treatment Scenarios

This article describes disinfection of the same source water by two commonly used disinfection treatment scenarios for purposes of subsequent concentration, chemical analysis, and toxicological evaluation. Accompanying articles in this issue of the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health describe concentration of these finished waters by reverse osmosis techniques, chemical characterization of the resulting disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrates, in vivo and in vitro toxicological results, and risk assessment methods developed to analyze data from this project. This project, called the “Four Lab Study,” involved participation of scientists from four laboratories/centers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development as well as extramural collaborators from the water industry and academia. One of the two finished waters was prepared by conventional treatment and disinfected by chlorination. The other finished water was also prepared by conventional treatment and disinfected by ozonation followed by chlorination (ozonation/postchlorination). Chlorination conditions of dose, time and temperature were similar for both treatment scenarios, allowing for a comparison. Both finished waters had acceptably low levels of particulates and bacteria, representative pH and chlorine levels, and contained numerous DBP. Known effects of ozonation were observed in that, relative to the water that was chlorinated only, the ozonated/postchlorinated water had lower concentrations of total organic halogen, trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), and higher concentrations of bromate, and aldehydes.
CollabSum: exploiting multiple document clustering for collaborative single document summarizations

Almost all existing methods conduct the summarization tasks for single documents separately without interactions for each document under the assumption that the documents are considered independent of each other. This paper proposes a novel framework called CollabSum for collaborative single document summarizations by making use of mutual influences of multiple documents within a cluster context. In this study, CollabSum is implemented by first employing the clustering algorithm to obtain appropriate document clusters and then exploiting the graph-ranking based algorithm for collaborative document summarizations within each cluster. Both the with-document and cross-document relationships between sentences are incorporated in the algorithm. Experiments on the DUC2001 and DUC2002 datasets demonstrate the encouraging performance of the proposed approach. Different clustering algorithms have been investigated and we find that the summarization performance relies positively on the quality of document cluster.
Dynamic Frame Configuration in TD-LTE Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Configuring uplink-downlink frame structure has played an important role in TD-LTE Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (HCNs), but how to dynamically choose the specific TD-LTE frame structure under the densely deployed scenarios has not been well investigated. In this paper, we proposed a novel dynamic frame configuration scheme which could resolve the above problem with low complexity. Specifically, our proposed scheme includes two steps: firstly, a clustering algorithm is designed to divide the femtocells into different sets according to their locations and available resource; secondly, the frame dynamic selection of each set is modeled as a noncooperative game, whose solution could be obtained by reinforcement learning approach. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A Measurement-Driven Anti-Jamming System for 802.11 Networks

Dense, unmanaged IEEE 802.11 deployments tempt saboteurs into launching jamming attacks by injecting malicious interference. Nowadays, jammers can be portable devices that transmit intermittently at low power in order to conserve energy. In this paper, we first conduct extensive experiments on an indoor 802.11 network to assess the ability of two physical-layer functions, rate adaptation and power control, in mitigating jamming. In the presence of a jammer, we find that: 1) the use of popular rate adaptation algorithms can significantly degrade network performance; and 2) appropriate tuning of the carrier sensing threshold allows a transmitter to send packets even when being jammed and enables a receiver to capture the desired signal. Based on our findings, we build ARES, an Anti-jamming REinforcement System, which tunes the parameters of rate adaptation and power control to improve the performance in the presence of jammers. ARES ensures that operations under benign conditions are unaffected. To demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of ARES, we evaluate it in three wireless test-beds: 1) an 802.11n WLAN with MIMO nodes; 2) an 802.11a/g mesh network with mobile jammers; and 3) an 802.11a WLAN with TCP traffic. We observe that ARES improves the network throughput across all test-beds by up to 150%.
Content Analysis of an Anomalous Memorate Collection: Testing Hypotheses Regarding Universal Features

of recurring folk beWfs in spirits, souls, life after death, and magical abilities. The theory implies that these anomalous perceptions have physiological bases. Content analysis of a collection of oral accounts of anomalous memorates (N = 1215) indicates that experiences of apparitions, paranormal dreams, and waking extrasensory perceptions have cross-culturally uniform structures and that these experiences coincide with recurring elements within folk traditions. These findings support the expeiential source theory and a broader ritual healing theory explaining the origin of religion. Even though "religious experiences" are thought to be central to religiosity, scholars find precise definitions for the concept to be elusive (Yamane 1998). Varieties of religious experience often appear under other labels such as mystical, ecstatic, numinous, anomalous, and paranormal. Some theorists argue that there is nothing specifically religious about any piece of human data and that religious experiences are merely cognitions labeled as such (Proudfoot 1985). Within this paradigm, no universal features exist which allow any experience to be defined as uniquely "religious. " In opposition to this orientation, the experiential source theory hypothesizes that certain anomalous experiences have biological bases which generate prevalent forms of folk belief in spirits, souls, life after death, and magical abilities. Content analyses of collections of anomalous accounts allow evaluation of this hypothesis. The present study seeks to overcome definitional problems by analyzing a collection of experiences regarded by informants as sufficiently "unusual" to be worth telling others. When informants present first-hand accounts as authentic, folklorists label their reports as memorates. Memorates