Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological interventions for preventing acute mountain sickness: a network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Background: Individuals ascending to high altitude are at a risk of getting acute mountain sickness (AMS). The present study is a network meta-analysis comparing all the interventions available to prevent AMS. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of drugs to prevent AMS. Incidence of AMS was the primary outcome and incidence of severe AMS, paraesthesia (as side effect of acetazolamide use), headache and severe headache, and oxygen saturation were the secondary outcomes. Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] was the effect estimate for categorical outcomes and weighted mean difference for oxygen saturation. Random effects model was used to derive the direct and mixed treatment comparison pooled estimates. Trial sequential analysis and grading of the evidence for key comparisons were carried out. Results: A total of 24 studies were included. Acetazolamide at 125, 250 and 375 mg twice daily, dexamethasone and ibuprofen had statistically significant lower incidence of AMS compared to placebo. All the above agents except ibuprofen were also observed to significantly reduce the incidence of severe AMS. Acetazolamide alone or in combination with Ginkgo biloba were associated with lower incidence of headache, but higher risk of paraesthesia. Acetazolamide at 125 mg and 375 mg twice daily significantly reduce the incidence of severe headache as like ibuprofen. Trial sequential analysis indicates that the current evidence is adequate for the incidence of AMS only for acetazolamide 125 and 250 mg twice daily. Similarly, the strength of evidence for acetazolamide 125 and 250 mg twice daily was moderate while it was either low or very low for all other comparisons. Conclusions: Acetazolamide at 125, 250 and 375 mg twice daily, ibuprofen and dexamethasone significantly reduce the incidence of AMS of which adequate evidence exists only for acetazolamide 125 and 250 mg twice daily therapy. Acetazolamide 125 mg twice daily could be the best in the pool considering the presence of enough evidence for preventing AMS and associated with lower incidence of paraesthesia. Key messages Acetazolamide 125, 250 and 375 mg twice daily, dexamethasone and ibuprofen reduce the incidence of AMS in high altitudes. Adequate evidence exists supporting the use of acetazolamide 125 mg and 250 mg twice daily for preventing AMS of which acetazolamide 125 mg twice daily could be the best.
Rate Equations Analysis of Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers for Tunable Microwave Generation

Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers under optical injection can exhibit intensity oscillations at tunable microwave frequencies. Based on the rate equation model, the system under periodic oscillation is analytically investigated. By considering two dominant co-existing optical frequency components, analytical expressions that relate the injection strength and the injection detuning frequency to the microwave frequency, optical power, and microwave power are yielded. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the simulation results of the well-established rate equations. The analysis shows that, when the Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers under optical injection can exhibit intensity oscillations at tunable microwave frequencies. Based on the rate equation model, the system under periodic oscillation is analytically investigated. By considering two dominant co-existing optical frequency components, analytical expressions that relate the injection strength and the injection detuning frequency to the microwave frequency, optical power, and microwave power are yielded. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the simulation results of the well-established rate equations. The analysis shows that, when the linewidth enhancement factor is much larger than unity, the oscillation can be explained as the result of beating of the optical injection frequency and the red-shifted cavity resonance frequency. The red-shift is due to the reduction of the average charge carrier density and the corresponding antiguidance effect. The results are useful for applying the system to photonic microwave generation,width enhancement factor is much larger than unity, the oscillation can be explained as the result of beating of the optical injection frequency and the red-shifted cavity resonance frequency. The red-shift is due to the reduction of the average charge carrier density and the corresponding antiguidance effect. The results are useful for applying the system to photonic microwave generation.
CD45 Regulates Migration, Proliferation, and Progression of Double Negative 1 Thymocytes

CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells, from stem cells to memory cells. Although its function in regulating the threshold of Ag receptor signaling is well established, its role in other leukocytes, particularly progenitor cells, is not well defined. In this study, we find CD45 affects early thymocyte development. Examination of the CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) populations revealed a significant reduction in the DN1 population, in both the numbers of CD117+ DN1 cells (the early thymocyte progenitors) and the CD117− DN1 cells in the thymus of CD45−/− mice. There was also a reduced frequency of CCR9+ Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells and common lymphoid progenitors in the CD45−/− bone marrow. Competitive bone marrow reconstitution showed a reduced contribution of DN1 cells from CD45−/− cells, consistent with an intrinsic defect in these cells. CD45−/− DN1 cells exhibited reduced proliferation in vivo and reduced CXCL12-mediated migration in vitro. The loss of CD45 led to the accumulation of an intermediate DN1.5 thymocyte population in vivo that was dependent on Notch for progression. In vivo, CD117− DN1 cells gave rise to γδ T cells. In vitro, CD117− DN1 cells progressed to DN4 on OP9-DL1 cells but CD117− DN1 cells lacking CD45 did not. CD45−/− CD117− DN1 cells were also deficient in TCRβ expression. Thus, CD45 deficiency affects the development and progression of DN1 thymocytes.
Students' Acceptance of Incorporating Emerging Communication Technologies in Higher Education in Kuwait

Never has a revolution affected all aspects of humanity as the communication revolution during the past two decades. This revolution, with all its advances and utilities, swept the world thus becoming an integral part of our lives, hence giving way to emerging applications at the social, economic, p olitical, and educational levels. More specifically, such applica tions have changed the delivery system through which learning is acqui red by students. Interaction with educators, accessibility to conten t, and creative delivery options are but a few facets of the new le arning experience now being offered through the use of technology in the educational field. With different success rates, third world co untries have tried to pace themselves with use of educational technology in advanced parts of the world. One such country is the small r ich-oil state of Kuwait which has tried to adopt the e-educational m odel, however, an evaluation of such trial is yet to be done. This study aimed to fill the void of research conducted around that topic. T he study explored students' acceptance of incorporating communication technologies in higher education in Kuwait. Students' responses to urvey questions presented an overview of the e-learning experience i this country, and drew a framework through which implications and suggestions for future research were discussed to better serve the advancement of e-education in developing countries. Keywords—Communication technologies, E-learning, Kuwait, Social media
Three-Dimensional CMOS Differential Folded Hall Sensor With Bandgap Reference and Readout Circuit

This paper presents a 3-D differential folded Hall sensor (HS) fabricated using standard 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology; this HS includes 1-D folded lateral Hall sensor (FLHS) and 2-D folded vertical Hall sensor (FVHS). The proposed 3-D HS is laterally folded to reduce the effective conduction length and to decrease the offset voltage; a p<sup>+</sup> guard ring is used to narrow the conducting channel and to improve magnetosensitivity. The magnetosensitivity is improved two-fold and the offset is eliminated using the differential topology. The proposed 1-D FLHS is sensitive to magnetic induction perpendicular to the chip plane B<sub>Z</sub> through the fast accumulation–slow release mechanism; the proposed 2-D FVHS is responsive to magnetic induction parallel to the chip plane, B<sub>X</sub> and B<sub>Y</sub>, based on the interaction between the magnetoresistor (MR) and magnetotransistor, where MR is more dominant. Notably, the proposed 3-D HS operates with a small offset voltage of 0.26 mV and without magnetic hysteresis. For 2-D FVHS, at a voltage gain of 89.6 dB, the maximum sensor output <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text{V}_{\mathrm {{H}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is approximately 196.4 mV at the applied magnetic induction of 5 mT and the maximum supply–current–related sensitivity S<sub>RI</sub> is approximately 5 943 V/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{A}\cdot \text{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a current consumption of 6.25 mA for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-channel. For 1-D FLHS, the maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text{V}_{\mathrm {{H}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is approximately 470.8 mV at 5 mT and the maximum S<sub>RI</sub> is approximately 14 790 V/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{A}\cdot \text{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a bias current of 6.25 mA for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-channel. The magntosensitivity S<sub>RI</sub> of 1-D FLHS is approximately 2.35 times that of 2-D FVHS. The designed 1-D FLHS is a comparable to the performance of other publications. However, it experiences a high nonlinearity error in output Hall voltage at a low bias current. By contrast, the proposed 1-D FLHS has a linear performance in output Hall voltage at a high bias current.
Union bounds on Viterbi algorithm performance

In the present paper we use transform methods (characteristic function techniques) and contour integrals to derive a closed-form expression for the performance union bound of a general discrete-time system. We show that previously published results may be derived as particular cases of the general formulation developed in this paper. It is well known that the maximum-likelihood Viterbi algorithm may be employed not only for decoding of convolutional codes but also for optimal detection in other situations. Examples include bandwidth-efficient demodulation, optimal accommodation for intersymbol interference and cross-channel coupling, text recognition, simultaneous carrier phase recovery and data demodulation, digital magnetic recording, nonlinear estimation and smoothing. The union bound is a useful measure of the performance of the Viterbi algorithm. Past closed-form expressions for the union bound have usually involved considerable approximation.
Combined clinical and virological surveillance of influenza in winters of 1992 and 1993-4

Influenza is a major public health problem. Some cases occur every winter; there have been six substantial epidemics in the United Kingdom during the past 25 years; pandemics following major shifts in the influenza virus occur less frequently but are particularly severe.1 Most European countries support programmes of influenza surveillance.2 In some countries—for example, France,3 the Netherlands, and Portugal—clinical and virological surveillance is undertaken in sentinel practices that monitor the incidence of influenza and obtain specimens for virological examination in the major virological laboratories. In the United Kingdom the largest clinical surveillance network is the Royal College of General Practitioner's weekly returns service.4 Virological surveillance is based on the results of virological tests in patients admitted to hospital, with centralised reporting to the Public Health Laboratory Service. Early identification of the organism responsible for epidemics of respiratory infection is important …
Vacancies and residential search in an empirical equilibrium search model

As is well known housing has a unique set of characteristics which interact to cause the operation of the housing market to be significantly different from that of other markets. On the demand side individuals have to search for vacancies and its characteristics. Due to the high dimensionality of housing considerable search costs are involved. On the supply side, complicated interactions exist in the housing market whereby frictions occur frequently. In the labour market similar behaviour has been explained with search and matching models, where vacancies and turnovers are explicitly considered. Wheaton (1990) remarks that these search and matching models from the labour market would seem particularly applicable to housing. In this paper we formulate an equilibrium search model of the housing market that deals with search and prices. We beleive that an equilibrium searchmodel could be an important step forward into the analysis of vacancies and residential search. Using this framework we formulate an empirical model for the Dutch housing market.
Assessment of pepper spray product potency in Asian and Caucasian forearm skin using transepidermal water loss, skin temperature and reflectance colorimetry

Historically, pepper spray product potency has been established using a taste test evaluation. A taste test is subjective and may not be appropriate for assessing pepper potency in skin. The current study evaluated chemically diverse pepper sprays in human forearm skin using three objective, noninvasive parameters: transepidermal water loss, skin surface temperature and erythema, as a means for assessing dermal pharmacology, toxicology and product potency. Five commercial pepper spray products containing various capsaicinoid analogs at various concentrations were evaluated in duplicate on volar forearms of six Caucasians and six Asians using a 10 min exposure. Mean surface skin temperature, transepidermal water loss results were highly variable and therefore did not demonstrate dose responsive behavior to increasing capsaicinoid concentrations. Erythema, as measured by increases in a* (reflected light in the red‐to‐green color spectrum) of the L*a*b* uniform color scale, was superior among parameters evaluated in discriminating pepper spray potency and correlated well with the relative and total capsaicinoid concentration in the products. Products containing greater than 16 mg ml−1 capsaicinoid concentration produced greater erythema responses in Caucasians than Asians. Asians responded greater to the synthetic analog, nonivamide, than to mixtures of capsaicinoids, while Caucasians responded equally to both capsaicinoid analogs. Thus, pepper spray product potency in human skin reflects the total capsaicinoid concentration, the specific capsaicin analog(s) present, and the race of the individual exposed. The finding that the reflectance colorimeter a* scale can differentiate these parameters in skin will have a significant impact on evaluating the use and efficacy of pepper spray products in humans. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi keyword range search in GPU and MIC: A comparison study

Data, both structured and unstructured, is increasing exponentially daily. This valuable data is important to businesses, society, and other organisations in order to compute more accurate analysis, and eventually, make better judgement. In order to handle huge data, many have turned to co-processors like GPUs or Intel MIC to further accelerate their computation. In this study, we present performance and evaluation comparison of GPU and MIC by implementing Multi Text Keyword Search algorithms from our prior work into MIC and GPU. We use NVIDIA K20c and NVIDIA K40 for our GPUs and Intel® Xeon Phi™ 5100 for the MIC. In our experiments and from our observation we found out K20c and K40 outperformed MIC for this particular algorithm.
Advances in serotonin methods.

The serotonergic cells have been important material for histochemical and cytochemical studies since the advent of the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde condensation technique (Falck, 1962; Falck et al., 1962). However, long before these morphologic studies, the existence and actions of serotonin had been investigated. Rapport (1948) first isolated this indoleamine from serum and appropriately named it serotonin in 1948. Within six years, Woolley and Shaw (1954) proposed that this compound was involved in certain mental disorders. Marrazzi and Hart (1955) compared the effects oflysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the electrocortical potential of the optic cortex shortly afterwards. Thus, even before the serotonergic system had been localized, biochemical, physiological, and clinical studies were being performed. This collection ofarticles offers new methods for serotonin research. The majority of these techniques were included in a booklet distributed at the 1 lth Annual Neuroscience Meeting held in Los Angeles on October 21, 1981. The methods have been developed by researchers, representing anatomical, biochemical, physiological, and clinical disciplines, whose efforts represent the breakdown of traditional disciplinary barriers. It is apparent that many of the approaches are truly interdisciplinary. The opportunity to present this unique collection of methods is provided by theJournal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. The methods presented are currently being used to study serotonin-the molecule (levels, synthesis, storage, release, uptake, and transport)-and the serotonin-producing neuronthe cell (morphology, topography, projections, development, growth, and electrophysiology). Many experimental approaches are covered in this issue, each examining a different aspect of a single chemical system. first approximation to a cause that seems to him intelligible, and says: “This is the cause! ” Leo Tolstoy War and Peace
Embedding with Advanced Recurrent Neural Model

Embedding method has become a popular way to handle unstructured data, such as word and text. Word embedding, providing computational-friendly representations for word similarity, is almost be one of the standard solutions for various text mining tasks. Lots of recent studies focusing on word embedding try to generate a more comprehensive representation for each word that incorporating task-specific information. Yet compared with massive studies on word embedding, text embedding is still facing a lot of challenging problems. As “bag of embeddings” method is mainly used to generate text embedding, how to handle the order information in sentence becomes an important problem to be solved. Distributed representation, i.e. embedding, provides the possibility to encode the order information in a relative low-dimensional space, freeing the constraint of analyzing exponential states in sentence with traditional onehot representation. One promising approach to handle order information is recurrent neural network. Yet the original recurrent neural network and its extension, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), still suffer the long-term gradient vanishing problem. Therefore long-term dependency or relationship is still hard to handle. In this project, we prosed two models, attention model and explicit memory model, that explicitly consider longterm dependency that try to solve the long-term dependency problem in text embedding. Experiments on real datasets illustrate their potential capacities to handle long-term dependency in text embedding task and related applications.
Expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and chymase in human atria

Background A cardiac angiotensin II-generating system has been suspected to be involved in various cardiac pathological conditions. Both angiotensin converting enzyme and human chymase can convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Objective To clarify the relative contributions of these two enzymatic pathways to angiotensin II generation in vivo. Methods We assessed the expression levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for collagen type Iα, transforming growth factor-β1, brain natriuretic peptide, angiotensin converting enzyme and chymase in right atrial appendages by competitive polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses. Correlations among the concentrations of these mRNA were analysed to obtain insight that might be important in understanding the formation of angiotensin II in atrial tissue. Results The collagen type Ia and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA concentrations were correlated significantly to the mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the collagen type Iα mRNA concentration could be explained in terms of the brain natriuretic peptide (P = 0.0005) and angiotensin converting enzyme (P = 0.0084) mRNA concentrations (r = 0.598, P <0.0001). The chymase mRNA concentration had no significant correlation to the collagen type Ia mRNA concentration. Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that the transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA concentration could be explained in terms of the angiotensin converting enzyme mRNA concentration alone (r = 0.424, P = 0.014). Conclusions The present results suggest that the level of angiotensin converting enzyme affects the tissue angiotensin II level in human atria; however, we could obtain no evidence that chymase is important in determining the tissue angiotensin II level.
An executable architecture tool for the modeling and simulation of operational process models

This paper presents an executable architecture tool for the modeling and simulation of operational process models using MATLAB. The new capability provides the means to validate and refine processes, perform dynamic behavioural analysis and to identify bottlenecks and gaps in the process. Using ubiquitous software eliminates the need for specialized training and enables multi-national coordination and iterative development. This paper includes a literature review, background information on process models and architecture products, development details of the new executable architecture capability and numerical examples which demonstrate the features of the proposed tool.
AtCSLD 3 , A Cellulose Synthase-Like Gene Important for Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis 1

A member of the cellulose synthase-like (subfamily D) gene family of Arabidopsis, AtCSLD3, has been identified by T-DNA tagging. The analysis of the corresponding mutant, csld3-1, showed that the AtCSLD3 gene plays a role in root hair growth in plants. Root hairs grow in phases: First a bulge is formed and then the root hair elongates by polarized growth, the so-called “tip growth. ” In the mutant, root hairs were initiated at the correct position and grew into a bulge, but their elongation was severely reduced. The tips of the csld3-1 root hairs easily leaked cytoplasm, indicating that the tensile strength of the cell wall had changed at the site of the tip. Based on the mutant phenotype and the functional conservation between CSLD3 and the genuine cellulose synthase proteins, we hypothesized that the CSLD3 protein is essential for the synthesis of polymers for the fast-growing primary cell wall at the root hair tip. The distinct mutant phenotype and the ubiquitous expression pattern indicate that the CSLD3 gene product is only limiting at the zone of the root hair tip, suggesting particular physical properties of the cell wall at this specific site of the root hair cell.