Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Binary Feature Selection with Conditional Mutual Information

We propose in this paper a very fast feature selection technique based on conditional mutual information. By picking features which maximize their mutual information with the class to predict conditional to any feature already picked, it ensures the selection of features which are both individually informative and two-by-two weakly dependant. We show that this feature selection method outperforms other classical algorithms, and that a naive Bayesian classifier built with features selected that way achieves error rates similar to those of state-of-the-art methods such as boosting or SVMs. The implementation we propose selects 50 features among 40,000, based on a training set of 500 examples in a tenth of a second on a standard 1Ghz PC.
Cavitation in the embryonic tracheal system of Manduca sexta

SUMMARY Insect tracheae form during embryonic development and initially contain liquid, which impedes transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Only later do tracheae fill with gas and come to support high rates of gas flux. This liquid-to-gas transition is poorly understood. Using eggs of the sphingid moth Manduca sexta, we show that longitudinal tracheae in embryos fill with gas in less than 5 s, without invasion of external air, by a process of cavitation. Cavitation requires that tracheal liquids be under tension, and we propose two complementary processes for generating it. One likely, classical mechanism is tracheolar fluid absorption, first proposed by Wigglesworth. Our data support this mechanism in Manduca: after cavitation, liquids are progressively drawn out of finer tracheal branches. The second, previously unknown, mechanism is evaporative water loss across the eggshell, which leads both to declining egg volume and to a larger negative pressure potential of water. The pressure potential helps to drive rapid expansion of small bubbles nucleated near spiracles. Once bubbles are large enough to have displaced liquid across the diameter of a trachea, negative capillary pressure reinforces subsequent expansion of the bubble. Together with predictions from modern cavitation theory, our observations substantiate Wigglesworth's contention that gas filling is promoted by increasing hydrophobicity associated with tanning of the spiracles and major tracheal branches.
Directional Chamfer Matching in 2.5 Dimensions

Directional chamfer matching (DCM) has shown good results in many areas such as object recognition and pose estimation. Currently DCM has been applied only for two-dimensional (2-D) matching. In this letter, we present a DCM scheme that utilizes depth in addition to 2-D input, which we refer to as 2.5D DCM. We show that in situations such as 3-D model-based pose estimation, depth information can be exploited to achieve robust performance. We apply the proposed method for human motion capture (HMC), using the Human Eva I dataset. We compare our approach with alternative methods used for HMC. Our results show that using depth information makes traditional DCM robust. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms the alternatives used for HMC in state of the art systems.
Validation of an Organizational Communication Climate Assessment Toolkit

Effective communication is critical to providing quality health care and can be affected by a number of modifiable organizational factors. The authors performed a prospective multisite validation study of an organizational communication climate assessment tool in 13 geographically and ethnically diverse health care organizations. Communication climate was measured across 9 discrete domains. Patient and staff surveys with matched items in each domain were developed using a national consensus process, which then underwent psychometric field testing and assessment of domain coherence. The authors found meaningful within-site and between-site performance score variability in all domains. In multivariable models, most communication domains were significant predictors of patient-reported quality of care and trust. The authors conclude that these assessment tools provide a valid empirical assessment of organizational communication climate in 9 domains. Assessment results may be useful to track organizational performance, to benchmark, and to inform tailored quality improvement interventions.
A supply demand model for exploration of the future of the Dutch gas sector

Import dependency and the extent of renewable gas production are two outcomes of interest concerning the future of gas supply in the Netherlands. Due to the complexity of internal mechanisms and uncertainties associated with the natural gas production, the production of renewable gases, and the demand for gas, the future of these two outcomes of interest cannot simply be projected. In this study, a system dynamics model is built to investigate the dynamics of import dependency and the renewable gas production, and an uncertainty analysis is conducted by using this model to explore the possible futures of these two outcomes of interest in numerous scenarios. The results show that import dependency is above 80% in 2060 in the majority of the scenarios, but there are few favourable cases in which it is below 20%. The ratio of renewable gas to the total consumption is not expected to exceed 10% in short term and to remain around this value although there are cases in which it reaches 40%. In future studies, the import mechanism of the model can be extended, different behavior patterns observed in the scenarios can be identified and analysed, and the results can be used for policy recommendations
Short-Baseline Acoustic Tracking with Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Abstract This paper investigates the use of commercial modems mounted in a short-baseline (SBL) configuration on an autonomous surface craft (ASC) for tracking other marine vehicles. We have developed a method for tracking an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from an ASC using one-way range measurements provided by standard Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) modems. The method does not require transmission of detailed navigation information, but rather uses short ranging packets, which can be transmitted at a much higher rate than standard data packets. We present tracking results for the system in a shallow water environment using two autonomous vehicles. The results indicate that the system is capable of tracking an AUV given initial baseline information and modest knowledge of the vehicle's mobility.
Coping Strategies of Newly Graduated Nurses (NGNs) in the First Year of Clinical Practice: A Grounded Theory Study

Background: The first year of clinical work is one of the most important steps in the career life of nurses. Although some studies have been done regarding NGNs, a few studies have been conducted about coping strategies of newly graduated nurses in the first year of clinical work. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the coping strategies of NGNs in the first year of clinical work in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Methods: This study was conducted using the grounded theory methodology. In this study, 20 participants were selected using a purposive and theoretical sampling method. The data were collected by semi-structured in-depth interviews. For data analysis, the constant comparison method based on Strauss - Corbin approach was used. Results: Data analysis revealed that two strategies were used by NGNs, which included â��positioningâ�� at the beginning of work and then later, stabilizing the obtained â��position (place)â��. The core category of this study was â��struggles to settle in the workplace. â�� Conclusions: This study showed that NGNs tried to create a perfect position in the ward and then consolidate the created position. The results of this study can serve as a good guide to develop training and supporting programs for NGNs and be used in helping them adapt better to the new position. However, it is recommended to do further studies in this regard. Â© 2018, Shiraz E-Medical Journal.
Distribution-Aware Sampling and Weighted Model Counting for SAT

Given a CNF formula and a weight for each assignment of values tovariables, two natural problems are weighted model counting anddistribution-aware sampling of satisfying assignments. Both problems have a wide variety of important applications. Due to the inherentcomplexity of the exact versions of the problems, interest has focusedon solving them approximately. Prior work in this area scaled only tosmall problems in practice, or failed to provide strong theoreticalguarantees, or employed a computationally-expensive most-probable-explanation ({\MPE}) queries that assumes prior knowledge of afactored representation of the weight distribution. We identify a novel parameter,\emph{tilt}, which is the ratio of the maximum weight of satisfying assignment to minimum weightof satisfying assignment and present anovel approach that works with a black-box oracle for weights ofassignments and requires only an {\NP}-oracle (in practice, a {\SAT}-solver) to solve both thecounting and sampling problems when the tilt is small. Our approach provides strong theoretical guarantees, and scales toproblems involving several thousand variables. We also show that theassumption of small tilt can be significantly relaxed while improving computational efficiency if a factored representation of the weights is known.
Tonal consonance and critical bandwidth.

Firstly, theories are reviewed on the explanation of tonal consonance as the singular nature of tone intervals with frequency ratios corresponding with small integer numbers. An evaluation of these explanations in the light of some experimental studies supports the hypothesis, as promoted by von Helmholtz, that the difference between consonant and dissonant intervals is related to beats of adjacent partials. This relation was studied more fully by experiments in which subjects had to judge simple‐tone intervals as a function of test frequency and interval width. The results may be considered as a modification of von Helmholtz's conception and indicate that, as a function of frequency, the transition range between consonant and dissonant intervals is related to critical bandwidth. Simple‐tone intervals are evaluated as consonant for frequency differences exceeding this bandwidth. whereas the most dissonant intervals correspond with frequency differences of about a quarter of this bandwidth. On the base of .
An Experimental Study for the Effect of Stop Words Elimination for Arabic Text Classification Algorithms

In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on three techniques for Arabic text classification. These techniques are Support Vector Machine SVM with Sequential Minimal Optimization SMO, Naive Bayesian NB, and J48. The paper assesses the accuracy for each classifier and determines which classifier is more accurate for Arabic text classification based on stop words elimination. The accuracy for each classifier is measured by Percentage split method holdout, and K-fold cross validation methods, along with the time needed to classify Arabic text. The results show that the SMO classifier achieves the highest accuracy and the lowest error rate, and shows that the time needed to build the SMO model is much lower compared to other classification techniques.
Hydrodynamics of the dark superfluid: II. photon-phonon analogy

In " Hydrodynamics of the dark superfluid: I. genesis of fundamental particles " we have presented dark energy as an ubiquitous superfluid which fills the universe. Here we analyze light propagation through this " dark superfluid " (which also dark matter would be a hydrodynamic manifestation of) by considering a photon-phonon analogy, where photon is a quasi-particle which acoustically propagates through this dark superfluid as a transverse wave. The discussion is structured in four parts: (a) shared features and behavior photon-phonon according to current knowledge; (b) phonons in fluids and their role in expressing energy, along with the transient solid-like (quasi-lattice) structure arising in fluids and superfluids during relaxation time; (c) Gremaud's analogy of Maxwell's equations in a lattice applied to the quasi-lattice environment of a superfluid; (d) Lorentz factor as the rheogram of dark energy and a possible basis for a quantum interpretation of special relativity. Considering light as the acoustic excitation of the dark superfluid, in a subsequent investigation we have been able to obtain the right redshift curve, also for distant supernovae, in function of the varying density of the cosmic superfluid, freeing modern cosmology from known critical issues: an important clue as regards the applicability of the present hypothesis.
Functional Reconstitution of a Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Voltage-gated ion channels are key players in cellular excitability. Recent studies suggest that their behavior can depend strongly on the membrane lipid composition and physical state. In vivo studies of membrane/channel and channel/channel interactions are challenging as membrane properties are actively regulated in living cells, and are difficult to control in experimental settings. We developed a method to reconstitute functional voltage-gated ion channels into cell-sized Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) in which membrane composition, tension and geometry can be controlled. First, a voltage-gated potassium channel, KvAP, was purified, fluorescently labeled and reconstituted into small proteoliposomes. Small proteoliposomes were then converted into GUVs via electroformation. GUVs could be formed using different lipid compositions and buffers containing low (5 mM) or near-physiological (100 mM) salt concentrations. Protein incorporation into GUVs was characterized with quantitative confocal microscopy, and the protein density of GUVs was comparable to the small proteoliposomes from which they were formed. Furthermore, patch-clamp measurements confirmed that the reconstituted channels retained potassium selectivity and voltage-gated activation. GUVs containing functional voltage-gated ion channels will allow the study of channel activity, distribution and diffusion while controlling membrane state, and should prove a powerful tool for understanding how the membrane modulates cellular excitability.
Place Awareness Learned by Mobile Vision-GPS Sensor Data

Context awareness is necessary for diverse user-oriented services. Especially, place awareness (logical location context awareness) is an essential method for a location-based service (LBS) that is widely provided to smartphone users. However, GPS-based place awareness is only valid when not only a user is located at outdoor positions where a GPS signal is strong enough but also the information on the relation between a physical location and a symbolic place is available. Here we propose a novel place awareness method using visual information as well as GPS data. The proposed method predicts the current place of a user from GPS-tagged scene photographs taken by the digital camera equipped in a smartphone. Our method uses a modified support vector machine (SVM) where scene images and GPS coordinates are given as the instances and the weight parameters of the model, respectively, for classifying the place from the scene. We evaluate our method on the place awareness from approximately 4,000 photographs of four places including hallway, classroom, restaurant, and outdoor. Experimental results show that the proposed method can precisely recognize the place with scene photos only when GPS information is not available and the awareness accuracy is improved in the GPS-available case. Furthermore, we demonstrate a smartphone application using the proposed place awareness method based on vision-GPS data.
An active vision system for fall detection and posture recognition in elderly healthcare

The paper presents an active vision system for the automatic detection of falls and the recognition of several postures for elderly homecare applications. A wall-mounted Time-Of-Flight camera provides accurate measurements of the acquired scene in all illumination conditions, allowing the reliable detection of critical events. Preliminarily, an off-line calibration procedure estimates the external camera parameters automatically without landmarks, calibration patterns or user intervention. The calibration procedure searches for different planes in the scene selecting the one that accomplishes the floor plane constraints. Subsequently, the moving regions are detected in real-time by applying a Bayesian segmentation to the whole 3D points cloud. The distance of the 3D human centroid from the floor plane is evaluated by using the previously defined calibration parameters and the corresponding trend is used as feature in a thresholding-based clustering for fall detection. The fall detection shows high performances in terms of efficiency and reliability on a large real dataset in which almost one half of events are falls acquired in different conditions. The posture recognition is carried out by using both the 3D human centroid distance from the floor plane and the orientation of the body spine estimated by applying a topological approach to the range images. Experimental results on synthetic data validate the correctness of the proposed posture recognition approach.
Special Feature Herschel Observations of Deuterated Water towards Sgr B2(m)

Observations of HDO are an important complement for studies of water, because they give strong constraints on the formation processes – grain surfaces versus energetic process in the gas phase, e.g. in shocks. The HIFI observations of multiple transitions of HDO in Sgr B2(M) presented here allow the determination of the HDO abundance throughout the envelope, which has not been possible before with ground-based observations only. The abundance structure has been modeled with the spherical Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RATRAN, which also takes radiative pumping by continuum emission from dust into account. The modeling reveals that the abundance of HDO rises steeply with temperature from a low abundance (2.5 × 10 −11) in the outer envelope at temperatures below 100 K through a medium abundance (1.5 × 10 −9) in the inner envelope/outer core at temperatures between 100 and 200 K, and finally a high abundance (3.5 × 10 −9) at temperatures above 200 K in the hot core.
Attitudes Towards Traffic Safety Worldwide

Received: February 3, 2016 Revised: June 9, 2016 Accepted: June 9, 2016 Abstract: Background: There is agreement that road user behaviour is the most important contributing factor for traffic accidents. It is therefore essential to understand better the causes of accidents and design remedies that can efficiently treat them. The fatality rate per 10,000 people is about 30 times higher in developing countries than in high-income countries These differences, beside other factors, can be explained in terms of different traffic safety cultures.
A Revisit to the Incorporation of Context - Awareness in Affective Computing Systems

The research field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is moving towards more natural, sensitive and intelligent paradigms. Especially in domains such as Affective Computing (AC), incorporating interaction context has been identified as one of the most important requirements towards this concept. Nevertheless, research on modeling and utilizing context in affect-aware systems is quite scarce. In this paper, we revisit the definition of contexts in AC systems and propose a context incorporation framework based on semantic concept detection, extraction enrichment and representation in cognitive estimation, to further clarify and assist interpretation of contextual effects in Affective Computing systems.
Quantum broadcasting problem in classical low-power signal processing

We prove a no-broadcasting theorem for the Holevo information of a noncommuting ensemble stating that no operation can generate a bipartite ensemble such that both copies have the same information as the original. We argue that upper bounds on the average information over both copies imply lower bounds on the quantum capacity required to send the ensemble without information loss. This is because a channel with zero quantum capacity has a unitary extension transferring at least as much information to its environment as it transfers to the output. For an ensemble being the time orbit of a pure state under a Hamiltonian evolution, we derive such a bound on the required quantum capacity in terms of properties of the input and output energy distribution. Moreover, we discuss relations between the broadcasting problem and entropy power inequalities. The broadcasting problem arises when a signal should be transmitted by a time-invariant device such that the outgoing signal has the same timing information as the incoming signal had. Based on previous results we argue that this establishes a link between quantum information theory and the theory of low power computing because the loss of timing information implies loss of free energy.
Closed-loop control for a cable-driven parallel manipulator with joint angle feedback

This paper presents a closed-loop control scheme of the cable-driven parallel manipulator (CDPM) to improve control accuracy. The mentioned three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) CDPM has a spherical joint with self-measured property to overcome intrinsic default of CDPM because of cable flexibility. The spherical joint is constructed by three passive 1-DOF revolute joints, in which three rotary encoders are accommodated to measure joint angles. This self-feedback method can complete close-loop control of the proposed cable-driven spherical-joint platform without the supporting of external devices. The matched control algorithm has been derived from the inverse kinematic solution, which results in closed-loop control with joint angle feedback. Additionally through robustness analysis, the proposed control method has been demonstrated that it has tolerance for parameter errors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed closed-loop control method perform well on motion control of the 3-DOF CDPM.
Ultrathin Films of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics and Sensors: A Review of Fundamental and Applied Aspects

Ultrathin films of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent an attractive, emerging class of material, with properties that can approach the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics of individual SWNTs, in a format that, unlike isolated tubes, is readily suitable for scalable integration into devices. These features suggest the potential for realistic applications as conducting or semiconducting layers in diverse types of electronic, optoelectronic and sensor systems. This article reviews recent advances in assembly techniques for forming such films, modeling and experimental work that reveals their collective properties, and engineering aspects of implementation in sensors and in electronic devices and circuits with various levels of complexity. A concluding discussion provides some perspectives on possibilities for future work in fundamental and applied aspects.