Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Note on Nucleolonemata in Human Cultured Cells

In the course of treatments of cultured cells with a hypotonic salt solution to spread the chromosomes (after Hsu, 1952; Hsu and Pomerst, 1953), certain filamen-tous structures were seen by phase contrast microscopy within the nucleoli of living normal and neoplastic human so-matic cells. Such indications of filaments in nucleoli seem of some interest in relation to earlier reports of similar observations following the use of other materials and of widely different techniques. Thus, filamentous structures have been described within the nudeoli of a variety of plant and animal cells processed by spe-, and similar observations have also been reported for certain germinal cells examined in v/no. Detailed descriptions of such coiled structure in stained nudeoli of several Conjugales have also appeared (God-ward, 1950). Independent electron microscopic observations of such structures in the nucleoli of various rodent and human cells have also been reported (Borysko and Bang, 1951; Bernhard eg a/., 1951 and 1952). These filaments seen by the special techniques of electron microscopy are of about the same size as those described by the other techniques (0.1 to 0,2 ~ diameter). The present observations with living and mildly treated human cells (of. Hughes, 1952) thus support the reality of the nucleolonema and call for studies of its nature and function in normal and neoplastic human cells. For these studies, pieces (1 to 3 ram.) of tissues from flourishing cultures of minced human embryo and of two human epidermoid carcinomas (HeLa and Helleis),x or from heterologous propagation of a human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp 3) and of a human sarcoma (H.S. I) in rats 2 were planted on coverslips in clots composed of equal parts of chicken plasma and culture fluid, s These cover-slip cultures were then placed in roller tubes and fed with 1 ml. of culture fluid initially and every 3rd day thereafter. Incubation was at 37°C. After2 to 6 days' growth, the cultures were pretreated for various times by immersion at 37°C. in a hypotonic salt solution comprising 20 parts of Gey's standard salt solution and 80 parts of a solution with the same ingredients except for NaC1 which was omitted. Following this pretreatment the coverslips were mounted in a drop of the hypotonic solution, sealed with paraffin, and examined immediately and at frequent intervals on a warm-stage phase l We are greatly indebted to Dr. Audrey Fjelde for these cultures. s We are greatly indebted to Dr. …
Defect-oriented non-intrusive RF test using on-chip temperature sensors

We present a built-in, defect-oriented test approach for RF circuits that is based on thermal monitoring. A defect will change the power dissipation of the circuit under test from its expected range of values which, in turn, will induce a change in the expected temperature in the substrate near the circuit. Thus, an on-chip temperature sensor that monitors the temperature near the circuit can reveal the existence of the defect. This test approach has the key advantage of being non-intrusive and transparent to the design since the temperature sensor is not electrically connected to the circuit. We discuss the basics of thermal monitoring, the design of the temperature sensor, as well as the test scheme. The technique is demonstrated on fabricated chips where a temperature sensor is employed to monitor an RF low noise amplifier.
Classification of CASI-3 hyperspectral image by subspace method

This study presents a supervised subspace learning classification method which can be applied directly to the original set of spectral bands of hyperspectral data for land cover classification purpose. The CLAss-Featuring Information Compression (CLAFIC) method is used to generate the appropriate feature subspace for each class on the training data set by Karhunen-Loève transform (also known as the principal component analysis). Then, using the iterative learning technology of averaged learning subspace methods (ALSM) to rotate the subspaces slowly for optimizes the subspaces to get better classification accuracy. We carried out experiments with 68 spectral bands Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager-3 (CASI-3) data set. Experimental results show that Subspace method is a valid and effective alternative to other pattern recognition approaches for the mapping grass species and monitoring grass health using hyperspectral remote sensing data. Moreover, it is worth noting that the ALSMs are easily applied (i.e. they only request to set two parameters and can be directly applied to hyperspectral data) and they can entirely identify the training samples in a finite number of steps.
Abduction by Non-Experts

Crowdsourcing promises to quasi-automate tasks that cannot be automated otherwise. Success stories like natural language translation or recognition of cats in images show that carefully crafted crowdsourcing tasks solve large problem instances which could not be solved otherwise. To utilize crowdsourcing, one has to define the problem in a way that is easy to split into small tasks, that the tasks are easy to solve for humans and hard to solve for a machine, and that the machine can efficiently check if the solution is correct. In this paper we discuss a novel approach of using crowdsourcing to assist software verification. We argue that Horn clauses form a good base for crowdsourcing since they are easy to subdivide, and that logic abduction is a suitable task since it is hard to automatically find abductive inferences for Horn clauses, but it is easy to check if an inference makes a Horn clause valid. We describe a prototype implementation, we show how crowdsourcing integrates in the verification process, and present preliminary results.
TransBooster:black box optimisation of machine translation systems

Machine Translation (MT) systems tend to underperform when faced with long, linguistically complex sentences. Rule-based systems often trade a broad but shallow linguistic coverage for a deep, fine-grained analysis since hand-crafting rules based on detailed linguistic analyses is time-consuming, error-prone and expensive. Most datadriven systems lack the necessary syntactic knowledge to effectively deal with non-local grammatical phenomena. Therefore, both rule-based and data-driven MT systems are better at handling short, simple sentences than linguistically complex ones. This thesis proposes a new and modular approach to help MT systems improve then output quality by reducing the number of complexities in the input. Instead of trying to reinvent the wheel by proposing yet another approach to MT, we build on the strengths of existing MT paradigms while trying to remedy their shortcomings as much as possible. We do this by developing TransBooster, a wrapper technology that reduces the complexity of the MT input by a recursive decomposition algorithm which produces simple input chunks that are spoon-fed to a baseline MT system TransBooster is not an MT system itself: it does not perform automatic translation, but operates on top of an existing MT system, gulding it through the input and trying to help the baseline system to improve the quality of its own translations through automatic complexity reduction. In this dissertation, we outline the motivation behind TransBooster, explain its development in depth and investigate its impact on the three most important paradigms in the field Rule-based, Example-based and Statistical MT. In addition, we use the Trans-Booster architecture as a promising alternative to current Multi-Engine MT techniques. We evaluate TransBooster on the language pair Engl~sh-+Spanish with a combination of automatic and manual evaluation metrics, prov~ding a rigorous analysis of the potential and shortcomings of our approach.
Increased E‐selectin, IL‐8 and IL‐10 gene expression in human skin after minimal trauma

Abstract: While clinical observations suggest that trauma to the skin plays a critical role in the induction of skin lesions in some skin diseases, the mechanism by which these lesions are induced is not known. We have postulated that minor trauma to the skin may lead to the expression of critical adhesion molecules on epidermal endothelial cells (E‐selectin) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which would predispose these areas to the development of skin lesions. In order to test this hypothesis normal inner arm skin of 11 normal subjects was gently rubbed with a pencil eraser for 2 min. Four hours after rubbing, skin biopsies were obtained from the rubbed site and from adjacent normal, unrubbed inner arm skin. Expression of E‐selectin, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1) and the mRNA of selected cytokines was studied utilizing real time polymerase chain reactions. Biopsies were also examined for the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate and for the presence of E‐selectin and ICAM‐1. No clinical or histologic changes were seen in the skin 4 h after this minor trauma. An increase in expression of mRNA of E‐selectin (median ratio rubbed skin expression/unrubbed skin expression = 9.0; range 0.9–161.0), ICAM‐1 (median rubbed skin expression/unrubbed skin expression = 3.2; range 0.9–19.8), IL‐8 (median rubbed skin expression/unrubbed skin expression = 6.6; range 2.6–57.3) and IL‐10 (median rubbed skin expression/unrubbed skin expression = 13.1; range 2.4–29.0) was noted. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of E‐selectin in the dermal blood vessels in three of four subjects 4 h after rubbing but not in the unrubbed skin. No changes in ICAM‐1 or HLA‐DR deposits were seen in the rubbed compared with the unrubbed skin. These findings demonstrate that minor trauma to skin may induce expression of E‐selectin, ICAM‐1 and IL‐8, which may make the skin a more permissive site for the development of inflammatory reactions. These findings may play an important role in the development of skin lesions in areas of minor trauma.
Raising the Question of Being in Education by Way of Heidegger's Phenomenological Ontology

Abstract The aim of this essay is to explore how to raise the question of Being in education by way of Heidegger's phenomenological ontology. Phenomenological ontology is a way of approaching and conducting philosophy exemplified in Heidegger's Being and Time. To prepare the way for raising the question of Being in education, a nuanced understanding of Heidegger's phenomenological analyses on truth and language is summarized. Thereafter, the manner in which Being is referenced is analyzed before considering the way of Heidegger's phenomenological ontology. In conclusion, existing attempts and continuing efforts to explore the question of Being in education through phenomenological ontology are outlined. At a time when decontextualized and reductive ways of knowing and being are becoming the norm within education, phenomenological ontology offers new possibilities for scholarship and practice. The present inquiry does not offer solutions in the traditional sense, but rather traces a path that opens and keeps in tension the question of Being in education in order to support further study.
Methylocella Species Are Facultatively Methanotrophic

ABSTRACT All aerobic methanotrophic bacteria described to date are unable to grow on substrates containing carbon-carbon bonds. Here we demonstrate that members of the recently discovered genus Methylocella are an exception to this. These bacteria are able to use as their sole energy source the one-carbon compounds methane and methanol, as well as the multicarbon compounds acetate, pyruvate, succinate, malate, and ethanol. To conclusively verify facultative growth, acetate and methane were used as model substrates in growth experiments with the type strain Methylocella silvestris BL2. Quantitative real-time PCR targeting the mmoX gene, which encodes a subunit of soluble methane monooxygenase, showed that copies of this gene increased in parallel with cell counts during growth on either acetate or methane as the sole substrate. This verified that cells possessing the genetic basis of methane oxidation grew on acetate as well as methane. Cloning of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization with strain-specific and genus-specific oligonucleotide probes detected no contaminants in cultures. The growth rate and carbon conversion efficiency were higher on acetate than on methane, and when both substrates were provided in excess, acetate was preferably used and methane oxidation was shut down. Our data demonstrate that not all methanotrophic bacteria are limited to growing on one-carbon compounds. This could have major implications for understanding the factors controlling methane fluxes in the environment.
Information dissemination in highly dynamic graphs

We investigate to what extent flooding and routing is possible if the graph is allowed to change unpredictably at each time step. We study what minimal requirements are necessary so that a node may correctly flood or route a message in a network whose links may change arbitrarily at any given point, subject to the condition that the underlying graph is connected. We look at algorithmic constraints such as limited storage, no knowledge of an upper bound on the number of nodes, and no usage of identifiers. We look at flooding as well as routing to some existing specified destination and give algorithms.
PREDICTING STUDENT PERFORMANCE : AN APPLICATION OF DATA MINING METHODS WITH THE EDUCATIONAL WEB-BASED SYSTEM LON-CAPA

1 Berhouz Minaei-Bigdoli, Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science, Genetic Algorithms Research and Applications Group (GARAGe), minaeibi@cse.msu.edu 2 Deborah A. Kashy, Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, kashyd@msu.edu 3 Gerd Kortemeyer, Michigan State University, Division of Science and Math Education, korte@lite.msu.edu 4 William F. Punch, Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Genetic Algorithms Research and Applications Group (GARAGe), punch@cse.msu.edu Abstract æ Newly developed web-based educational technologies offer researchers unique opportunities to study how students learn and what approaches to learning lead to success. Web-based systems routinely collect vast quantities of data on user patterns, and data mining methods can be applied to these databases. This paper presents an approach to classifying students in order to predict their final grade based on features extracted from logged data in an education web-based system. We design, implement, and evaluate a series of pattern classifiers and compare their performance on an online course dataset. A combination of multiple classifiers leads to a significant improvement in classification performance. Furthermore, by learning an appropriate weighting of the features used via a genetic algorithm (GA), we further improve prediction accuracy. The GA is demonstrated to successfully improve the accuracy of combined classifier performance, about 10 to 12% when comparing to non-GA classifier. This method may be of considerable usefulness in identifying students at risk early, especially in very large classes, and allow the instructor to provide appropriate advising in a timely manner.
Regulation of rat prostate stromal cell myodifferentiation by androgen and TGF‐β1

Myodifferentiation of stromal cells is a key step in prostate development and is a hallmark of reactive stroma in prostate cancer. Little is known about regulatory mechanisms, however, prostate stromal cells are androgen‐regulated and TGF‐β1 is a known stimulator of stromal myodifferentiation. The PS‐1 rat prostate stromal cell line expresses androgen receptor, and exhibits androgen‐regulated gene expression and proliferation. TGF‐β1 inhibits androgen action in PS‐1 cells through translocation of androgen receptor from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The present study was conducted to determine whether myodifferentiation of PS‐1 cells is regulated by androgen and TGF‐β1, and how myodifferentiation affects androgen receptor localization and cell proliferation.
Population density and sex do not influence fine-scale natal dispersal in roe deer

It is commonly assumed that the propensity to disperse and the dispersal distance of mammals should increase with increasing density and be greater among males than among females. However, most empirical evidence, especially on large mammals, has focused on highly polygynous and dimorphic species displaying female-defence mating tactics. We tested these predictions on roe deer, a weakly polygynous species of large herbivore exhibiting a resource-defence mating tactic at a fine spatial scale. Using three long-term studies of populations that were subject to the experimental manipulation of size, we did not find any support for either prediction, whether in terms of dispersal probability or dispersal distance. Our findings of similar dispersal patterns in both sexes of roe deer suggest that the underlying cause of natal dispersal is not related to inbreeding avoidance in this species. The absence of positive density dependence in fine-scale dispersal behaviour suggests that roe deer natal dispersal is a pre-saturation process that is shaped by heterogeneities in habitat quality rather than by density per se.
Distributed Control of Robotic Networks: A Mathematical Approach to Motion Coordination Algorithms

This self-contained introduction to the distributed control of robotic networks offers a distinctive blend of computer science and control theory. The book presents a broad set of tools for understanding coordination algorithms, determining their correctness, and assessing their complexity; and it analyzes various cooperative strategies for tasks such as consensus, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, deployment, and boundary estimation. The unifying theme is a formal model for robotic networks that explicitly incorporates their communication, sensing, control, and processing capabilities--a model that in turn leads to a common formal language to describe and analyze coordination algorithms.Written for first- and second-year graduate students in control and robotics, the book will also be useful to researchers in control theory, robotics, distributed algorithms, and automata theory. The book provides explanations of the basic concepts and main results, as well as numerous examples and exercises.Self-contained exposition of graph-theoretic concepts, distributed algorithms, and complexity measures for processor networks with fixed interconnection topology and for robotic networks with position-dependent interconnection topology Detailed treatment of averaging and consensus algorithms interpreted as linear iterations on synchronous networks Introduction of geometric notions such as partitions, proximity graphs, and multicenter functions Detailed treatment of motion coordination algorithms for deployment, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, and boundary estimation
Human Motion Capture Data Retrieval Based on Quaternion and EMD

In this paper, a novel human motion captured data retrieval approach is presented Based on Quaternion and EMD. The method mainly contains two steps: indexing and matching. In indexing part, for solving high dimension data problem, we use the quaternion to represent key-joints rotation information, and mapping the distribution of original CMU database, we take K-means clustering to categorize query and candidate features in datasets. In matching part, according to the clustering results, the distance matrix of each feature dataset is established. The next, the EMD measure algorithm is employed to match between motions, and similarity scores are obtained. Experiment results show that the proposed approach is efficient, and it is superior to existed methods.
Epidemiological studies of mycobacterium species in slaughter cattle and contaminations of the slaughter facilities environment in Iringa municipality, Tanzania

This cross sectional study was carried out between August and December 2015 in order to determine the presence of Mycobacterial infections in slaughter cattle and assess the occurrence of Mycobacteria in the slaughter facility environment in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. A total of 3817 slaughter cattle were examined tuberculous like lesions in lymph nodes, lungs and other visceral organs. Tissues with suspect lesions were collected for laboratory analysis. Effluent samples in the slaughter facility environment were collected early and late in the slaughter process in order to determine environmental contamination with Mycobacteria. Tissue samples were cultured using standard laboratory procedures and Mycobacterial species were identified using a multiplex PCR. Of the carcasses examined, 35 (0.9%) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. Ten of the 35(28.6%) samples culture positive and 1/10 (10%) was confirmed as M. bovis. The remaining 9 (90%) of isolates were non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTMs) which were identified as M. lentiflavum (3), M. intracellulare/M. indicuspranii (2), M. lentiflavum/palustre/simiae, (2) M. goodie (1) and M. smegmatis (1). Mycobacteria were detected in 25/172 (14.5%) of effluents samples. Five of the positive (20%) effluent samples were confirmed to be M. bovis and 20 (80%) were M. kansasii. This demonstrates that Mycobacteria are prevalent in slaughter cattle in Iringa Municipality, which is a public health concern. Notably, the majority of lesions were caused by NTM’s. This study is the first to detect Mycobacteria in slaughter facility effluents in Tanzania. Routine disinfection of slaughter facility environment will minimize chances for persistent contamination. Further epidemiologic studies to establish the role of NTM’s in clinical livestock disease are recommended. Studies on the magnitude of environmental contamination due to discharges of untreated slaughter facility effluents are also important.
Associations Between Personality and Coping Styles Among Norwegian Adolescents A Prospective Study

The aim of this research was to determine prospectively to what extent the outcomes of coping styles are determined by personality traits in a sample of adolescents (aged 14 through 16 years). The sample consisted of 259 (132 females, 127 males) students in two Norwegian secondary schools. The results showed that adolescents’ coping styles were only moderately correlated with the personality traits of Neuroticism and Extraversion. Coping styles and personality showed consistent patterns over the 1-year period. In addition, although personality explains a substantial part of the variance in the criterion variables, coping styles also contribute to a significant portion of this variance, which may support the hypothesis that coping styles are partially determined by the personality traits of Extraversion and Neuroticism. In view of these findings, it could be surmised that coping styles among these adolescents might not just be epiphenomena of enduring personality traits.
Psychological capital as a team phenomenon: Mediating the relationship between learning climate and outcomes at the individual and team levels

Psychological capital is a positive psychological state that influences employees’ behaviors and attitudes. Research has only recently begun to examine the phenomenon as a shared psychological team state. The purpose of this research is to examine the mediating role of team psychological capital in the relationship between learning climate and outcomes at the individual and team levels. The findings, which were carried out among 82 school management teams, indicated a positive relationship between learning climate and the team’s psychological capital, and between the team’s psychological capital and the individual’s job satisfaction and the team’s organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It was also found that team’s psychological capital mediates the relationship between the team’s learning climate and job satisfaction, and between learning mechanisms and the team’s OCB. The findings might encourage research into psychological capital as a team phenomenon and encourage decision-makers to develop ways of reinforcing psychological capital among teams.