Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitude guidance and tracking for spacecraft with two reaction wheels

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the guidance and tracking problem for a rigid-spacecraft using two reaction wheels (RWs). The guidance problem is formulated as an optimal control problem on the special orthogonal group SO(3). The optimal motion is solved analytically as a function of time and is used to reduce the original guidance problem to one of computing the minimum of a nonlinear function. A tracking control using two RWs is developed that extends previous singular quaternion stabilisation controls to tracking controls on the rotation group. The controller is proved to locally asymptotically track the generated reference motions using Lyapunov's direct method. Simulations of a 3U CubeSat demonstrate that this tracking control is robust to initial rotation errors and angular velocity errors in the controlled axis. For initial angular velocity errors in the uncontrolled axis and under significant disturbances the control fails to track. However, the singular tracking control is combined with a nano-magnetic torquer which simply damps the angular velocity in the uncontrolled axis and is shown to provide a practical control method for tracking in the presence of disturbances and initial condition errors.
Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation and Interruption of Fructose Ingestion on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis of Rats Drinking Different Concentrations of Fructose

Background. Continuous fructose consumption may cause elevation of circulating triacylglycerol. However, how much of this alteration is reverted after the removal of fructose intake is not known. We explored this question and compared the efficacy of this approach with fish oil supplementation. Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), fructose (F) (water intake with 10% or 30% fructose for 9 weeks), fish oil (FO), and fructose/fish oil (FFO). Fish oil was supplemented only for the last 33 days of fructose ingestion. Half of the F group remained for additional 8 weeks without fructose ingestion (FR). Results. Fructose ingestion reduced food intake to compensate for the increased energy obtained through water ingestion, independent of fructose concentration. Fish oil supplementation exerted no impact on these parameters, but the removal of fructose from water recovered both ingestion behaviors. Plasma triacylglycerol augmented significantly during the second and third weeks (both fructose groups). Fish oil supplementation did not attenuate the elevation in triacylglycerol caused by fructose intake, but the interruption of sugar consumption normalized this parameter. Conclusion. Elevation in triacylglyceridemia may be recovered by removing fructose from diet, suggesting that it is never too late to repair improper dietary habits.
Two-Factor Authenticated Key Agreement Supporting Unlinkability in 5G-Integrated Wireless Sensor Networks

The integration of 5G networks and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is critical in the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), for a wide range of applications. However, despite the potential advantages of this integration, there are concerns about unforeseen security threats that may impact our daily lives. Authenticated key agreement is an essential security feature for secure communication between users and IoT devices, and for protecting IoT applications from security threats. An IoT notion-based authentication and key agreement scheme was recently proposed for heterogeneous WSNs, claiming to provide user anonymity and mutual authentication, as well as the ability to withstand several types of attacks. In this paper, we examine several security weaknesses of the aforementioned scheme. Next, we design a network architecture suitable for the integration of 5G networks and WSNs. Based on the network architecture, we propose a two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme in 5G-integrated WSNs for the IoT that can resist various attacks, including those identified earlier, and that can preserve security requirements, including unlinkability. Finally, we evaluate the security and performance of the proposed scheme and compare our scheme with other related schemes.
Real‐Time In Vivo Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer Bone‐Marrow Micrometastasis Development at the Cellular Level in Nude Mice

In the present report, we demonstrate in vivo fluorescence imaging of bone‐marrow micrometastasis of prostate cancer at the cellular level in nude mice. PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the left ventricle or intratibial bone marrow of nude mice. PC‐3‐GFP, as well as selected high metastatic variants of PC‐3‐GFP, PC‐3‐GFP‐BM6 or PC‐3‐RFP were visualized by real‐time fluorescence imaging, to traffic and grow in the bone marrow. Formation of bone marrow micrometastasis could be imaged at the single‐cell level in live mice, using confocal microscopy. The ability to track bone marrow micrometastasis in real time at the cellular level provides a visual target for evaluating new therapeutics for this recalcitrant disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2533–2537, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Human Mobility Patterns in Urban Scenarios: A Trajectory Data Perspective

Smart cities have been recognized as a promising research focus around the world. To realize smart cities, computation and utilization of big data are key factors. More specifically, exploring the patterns of human mobility based on large amounts of multi-source data plays an important role in analyzing the formation of social-economic phenomena in smart cities. However, our acquired knowledge is still very limited for smart cities. In this article, we propose an integrated computing method to rescale heterogeneous traffic trajectory data, which leverages MLE and BIC. Our analysis is based on two real datasets generated by subway smart card transactions and taxi GPS trajectories from Shanghai, China, which contain more than 451 million trading records by 14 subway lines and 34 billion GPS records by 13,695 taxis. Specifically, we quantitatively explore the patterns of human mobility on weekends and weekdays. Through logarithmic binning and data fitness, we calculate the Bayesian weights to select the best fitting distributions. In addition, we leverage three metrics to analyze the patterns of human mobility in two datasets: trip displacement, trip duration, and trip interval. We obtain several important human mobility patterns and discover quite a few interesting phenomena, which lay a solid foundation for future research.
A predictor-corrector method for the training of deep neural networks

The training of deep neural nets is expensive. We present a predictor- corrector method for the training of deep neural nets. It alternates a predictor pass with a corrector pass using stochastic gradient descent with backpropagation such that there is no loss in validation accuracy. No special modifications to SGD with backpropagation is required by this methodology. Our experiments showed a time improvement of 9% on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
Prescribed performance distributed consensus control for nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown dead-zone input

ABSTRACT In this paper, the problem of prescribed performance distributed output consensus for higher-order non-affine nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown dead-zone input is investigated. Fuzzy logical systems are utilised to identify the unknown nonlinearities. By introducing prescribed performance, the transient and steady performance of synchronisation errors are guaranteed. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and the dynamic surface control technique, a new distributed consensus algorithm for non-affine nonlinear multi-agent systems is proposed, which ensures cooperatively uniformly ultimately boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop systems and enables the output of each follower to synchronise with the leader within predefined bounded error. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Inspiratory muscle training improves exercise capacity with thoracic load carriage

Thoracic load carriage (LC) exercise impairs exercise performance compared to unloaded exercise, partially due to impaired respiratory mechanics. We investigated the effects of LC on exercise and diaphragmatic fatigue in a constant‐load exercise task; and whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improved exercise capacity and diaphragmatic fatigue with LC. Twelve recreationally active males completed three separate running trials to exhaustion (Tlim) at a fixed speed eliciting 70% of their V˙ O2max. The first two trials were completed either unloaded (UL) or while carrying a 10 kg backpack (LC). Subjects then completed 6 weeks of either true IMT or placebo‐IMT. Posttraining, subjects completed an additional LC trial identical to the pretraining LC trial. Exercise metabolic and ventilatory measures were recorded. Diaphragm fatigue was assessed as the difference between preexercise and postexercise twitch diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi, tw), assessed by bilateral stimulation of the phrenic nerve with esophageal balloon‐tipped catheters measuring intrathoracic pressures. Tlim was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) with LC compared with UL by 42.9 (29.1)% (1626.5 (866.7) sec and 2311.6 (1246.5) sec, respectively). The change in Pdi, tw from pre‐ to postexercise was significantly greater (P = 0.001) in LC (−13.9 (5.3)%) compared with UL (3.8 (6.5)%). Six weeks of IMT significantly improved Tlim compared to pretraining (P = 0.029, %Δ +29.3 (15.7)% IMT, −8.8 (27.2)% Placebo), but did not alter the magnitude of diaphragmatic fatigue following a run to exhaustion (P > 0.05). Minute ventilation and breathing mechanics were unchanged post‐IMT (P > 0.05). Six weeks of flow‐resistive IMT improved exercise capacity, but did not mitigate diaphragmatic fatigue following submaximal, constant‐load running to volitional exhaustion with LC.
Two Mechanisms Regulate Keratin K15 Expression In Keratinocytes: Role of PKC/AP-1 and FOXM1 Mediated Signalling

Background Keratin 15 (K15) is a type I keratin that is used as a marker of stem cells. Its expression is restricted to the basal layer of stratified epithelia, and the bulge in hair follicles. However, in certain clinical situations including oral lichen planus, K15 is induced in suprabasal layers, which is inconsistent with the role of a stem cell marker. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of K15 expression in the basal and differentiating keratinocytes. Methodology/Principal Findings Human keratinocytes were differentiated by three different methods; suspension in methylcellulose, high cell density and treatment with phorbol ester. The expression of mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR and protein by western blotting and immunostaining. Keratinocytes in suspension suppressed β1-integrin expression, induced differentiation-specific markers and K15, whereas FOXM1 (a cell cycle regulated protein) and K14 were downregulated. Rescuing β1-integrin by either fibronectin or the arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide suppressed K15 but induced K14 and FOXM1 expression. Specific inhibition of PKCδ, by siRNA, and AP-1 transcription factor, by TAM67 (dominant negative c-Jun), suppressed K15 expression, suggesting that PKC/AP-1 pathway plays a role in the differentiation-specific expression of K15. The basal cell-specific K15 expression may involve FOXM1 because ectopic expression of the latter is known to induce K15. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have identified a single FOXM1 binding motif in the K15 promoter. Conclusions/Significance The data suggests that K15 is induced during terminal differentiation mediated by the down regulation of β1-integrin. However, this cannot be the mechanism of basal/stem cell-specific K15 expression in stratified epithelia, because basal keratinocytes do not undergo terminal differentiation. We propose that there are two mechanisms regulating K15 expression in stratified epithelia; differentiation-specific involving PKC/AP-1 pathway, and basal-specific mediated by FOXM1, and therefore the use of K15 expression as a marker of stem cells must be viewed with caution.
Abnormal lipid processing but normal long-term repopulation potential of myc−/− hepatocytes

Establishing c-Myc's (Myc) role in liver regeneration has proven difficult particularly since the traditional model of partial hepatectomy may provoke an insufficiently demanding proliferative stress. We used a model of hereditary tyrosinemia whereby the affected parenchyma can be gradually replaced by transplanted hepatocytes, which replicate 50-100-fold, over several months. Prior to transplantation, livers from myc−/− (KO) mice were smaller in young animals and larger in older animals relative to myc+/+ (WT) counterparts. KO mice also consumed more oxygen, produced more CO2 and generated more heat. Although WT and KO hepatocytes showed few mitochondrial structural differences, the latter demonstrated defective electron transport chain function. RNAseq revealed differences in transcripts encoding ribosomal subunits, cytochrome p450 members and enzymes for triglyceride and sterol biosynthesis. KO hepatocytes also accumulated neutral lipids. WT and KO hepatocytes repopulated recipient tyrosinemic livers equally well although the latter were associated with a pro-inflammatory hepatic environment that correlated with worsening lipid accumulation, its extracellular deposition and parenchymal oxidative damage. Our results show Myc to be dispensable for sustained in vivo hepatocyte proliferation but necessary for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis. myc−/− livers resemble those encountered in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and, under sustained proliferative stress, gradually acquire the features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Astrocytic Lrp4 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 4) Contributes to Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating ATP Release and Adenosine-A2AR (Adenosine A2A Receptor) Signaling

Background and Purpose— Lrp4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4) is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, where it regulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by suppressing ATP release. Here, we investigated Lrp4’s function in ischemia/stroke-induced brain injury response, which includes glutamate-induced neuronal death and reactive astrogliosis. Methods— The brain-specific Lrp4 conditional knockout mice (Lrp4GFAP-Cre), astrocytic-specific Lrp4 conditional knockout mice (Lrp4GFAP-creER), and their control mice (Lrp4f/f) were subjected to photothrombotic ischemia and the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. After ischemia/stroke, mice or their brain samples were subjected to behavior tests, brain histology, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, primary astrocytes and neurons were cocultured with or without oxygen and glucose deprivation and in the presence or absence of the antagonist for adenosine-A2AR (adenosine A2A receptor) or ATP-P2X7R (P2X purinoceptor 7) signaling. Gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, D-serine, ATP, and adenosine, in the condition medium of cultured astrocytes were also measured. Results— Lrp4, largely expressed in astrocytes, was increased in response to ischemia/stroke. Both Lrp4GFAP-Cre and Lrp4GFAP-creER mice showed less brain injury, including reduced neuronal death, and impaired reactive astrogliosis. Mechanistically, Lrp4 conditional knockout in astrocytes increased ATP release and the production of ATP derivative, adenosine, which were further elevated by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Pharmacological inhibition of ATP-P2X7R or adenosine-A2AR signaling diminished Lrp4GFAP-creER’s protective effect. Conclusions— The astrocytic Lrp4 plays an important role in ischemic brain injury response. Lrp4 deficiency in astrocytes seems to be protective in response to ischemic brain injury, likely because of the increased ATP release and adenosine-A2AR signaling.
Forward-looking automated cooperative longitudinal control: Extending cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) with column-wide reach and automated network quality assessment

Cooperative automated Driver Assistance Systems (CoDAS) are a novel category of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), taking into account information received over wireless transmission from other vehicles and roadside infrastructure to enable or improve automated vehicle guidance and control. Research in cooperative longitudinal control so far focusses on improved distance control to a leading cooperative vehicle, often referred to as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). In this work we expand on the concept of cooperative longitudinal control by introducing multi-object control planning, taking into account not only the leading vehicle, but also shared situational knowledge between vehicles and infrastructure. Thus, our system is able to track vehicles directly ahead either from direct cooperation or from transmitted knowledge and can adapt longitudinal control appropriately. We utilize the Collaborative Maneuver Protocol (CMP) to extend vehicle knowledge and estimate network quality. We have evaluated the function in various scenarios in the PHABMACS simulator and discuss effects of transmission quality on control parameters.
Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Affects Differentiation of Cells Arising from the Cerebellar Ventricular Zone

Development of the cerebellum proceeds under the precise spatio-temporal control of several key developmental signalling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We recently reported the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the perinatal cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ), a germinal centre in the developing cerebellum that gives rise to GABAergic and glial cells. In order to investigate the normal function of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the VZ and the cell lineages it gives rise to, we used a combination of ex vivo cerebellar slice culture and in vivo genetic manipulation to dysregulate its activity during late embryonic development. Activation of the pathway at the cerebellar ventricular zone led to a reduction in the number of cells expressing the glial lineage markers Sox9 and GFAP and the interneuron marker Pax2, but had no consistent effect on either proliferation or apoptosis. Our findings suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the cerebellar ventricular zone causes a shift in the cell types produced, most likely due to disruption of normal differentiation. Thus, we propose that regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling levels are required for normal development of cells arising from the cerebellar ventricular zone during late embryogenesis.
Sensing CPU Voltage Noise Through Electromagnetic Emanations

This work proposes sensing CPU voltage noise through wireless electromagnetic (EM) emanations from the CPU. Compared to previous voltage monitoring methodologies, this approach is not intrusive as it does not require direct physical access to the monitored CPU. To prove the effectiveness of this approach, we use EM signal feedback to find the resonant frequency of the CPU power delivery network, and to generate a CPU voltage noise (dI/dt) virus. This study is performed on a modern out-of-order CPU that supports on-chip fine grain voltage monitoring. This on-chip voltage monitoring capability is used to validate the proposed EM methodology.
Sylvester Normalizing Flows for Variational Inference

Variational inference relies on flexible approximate posterior distributions. Normalizing flows provide a general recipe to construct flexible variational posteriors. We introduce Sylvester normalizing flows, which can be seen as a generalization of planar flows. Sylvester normalizing flows remove the well-known single-unit bottleneck from planar flows, making a single transformation much more flexible. We compare the performance of Sylvester normalizing flows against planar flows and inverse autoregressive flows and demonstrate that they compare favorably on several datasets.
Hybrid curvature steer: A novel extend function for sampling-based nonholonomic motion planning in tight environments

Finding optimal paths for self-driving cars in cluttered environments is one of the major challenges in autonomous driving. The complexity stems from the nonlinearity of the system and the non-convexity of the configuration space. This paper introduces a novel extend function called Hybrid Curvature (HC) Steer for sampling-based nonholonomic motion planning in tight environments. HC Steer solves the two-point boundary value problem by computing continuous curvature paths while the vehicle is going in one direction, but allows curvature discontinuities at switches in the driving direction. The resulting paths approximate Reeds-Shepp's paths and are directly drivable by an autonomous vehicle. BiRRT∗, an optimal sampling-based motion planner, is used to evaluate and compare HC Steer's performance to state of the art steering functions, namely Reeds-Shepp (RS) and Continuous Curvature (CC) Steer. Extensive experiments in challenging environments show HC Steer's advantage of computing smoother paths than RS Steer in equally tight environments and finding solutions with less direction switches, higher success rates, and shorter planning time than CC Steer.
Centrifugal Blower of Stratospheric Airship

In order to keep airship shape and realize desired performance during the course of landing safely from 20-km altitude, a specific blower is needed to be designed, and its characteristics should be analyzed. The CFturbo software is used to design the stratospheric blower. The performance of the designed stratospheric blower is calculated by computational fluid dynamics software PumpLinx simulation. Then, the performance of the blower at different altitudes is analyzed by simulation. It is shown that the designed stratospheric blower can basically meet the requirements of the semirigid airship of 160 m in length. The blower can make the airship land safely, and its efficiency can reach about 77% in the stratosphere. As the altitude decreases, the efficiency and volume flow (at different heights) of the blower gradually decrease. In addition, the sensitivity of different geometric parameters to the efficiency is analyzed, which can provide a reference for the optimization design of the stratospheric blower.
MoNSTR‐seq, a restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing technique to characterize Agrobacterium‐mediated transfer‐DNA insertions in Phomopsis longicolla

Phomopsis longicolla (Hobbs) causes Phomopsis seed decay and stem lesions in soybean (Glycine max). In this study, a novel, high‐throughput adaptation of RAD‐seq termed MoNSTR‐seq (Mutation analysis via Next‐generation DNA Sequencing of T‐DNA Regions) was developed to determine the genomic location of T‐DNA insertions in P. longicolla mutants. Insertional mutants were created via Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation, and one mutant, strain PL343, was further investigated due to impaired stem lesion formation. Mutation analysis via Next‐generation DNA Sequencing of T‐DNA Regions, in which DNA libraries are created with two distinct restriction enzymes and customized adapters to simultaneously enrich both T‐DNA insertion borders, was developed to characterize the genomic lesion in strain PL343. MoNSTR‐seq successfully identified a T‐DNA insertion in the predicted promoter region of a gene encoding a cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH1), and the position of the T‐DNA insertion in strain PL343 was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Thus, MoNSTR‐seq represents an effective tool for molecular genetics in P. longicolla, and is readily adaptable for use in diverse fungal species.