Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Let Us Eat and Drink, for Tomorrow We Shall Die: Effects of Mortality Salience and Self-Esteem on Self-Regulation in Consumer Choice

We examine how making mortality salient affects consumer choices. We develop a new theoretical framework predicting when consumer behaviors will be more (less) indulgent when mortality is salient, arguing that individuals focus more of their limited self-regulatory resources on domains that are important sources of self-esteem and less on domains that are not important sources. In two domains, food choice and charitable donations/socially conscious consumer behaviors, high mortality salience led to less indulgent choices among participants for whom that domain was an important source of esteem and more indulgent choices for participants for whom the domain was not an important esteem source. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
One-year functional magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study of neural activation during the recall of unresolved negative life events in borderline personality disorder

Background Recall of adverse life events under brain imaging conditions has been shown to coincide with activation of limbic and prefrontal brain areas in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We investigate changes of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns during the recall of unresolved adverse life events (ULE) over 1 year. Method Thirteen female BPD patients participated in the study. During fMRI measurement subjects recalled ULE and negative but resolved life events (RLE) after individual cue words to stimulate autobiographical memory retrieval. Subjective intensity of emotional and sensoric experiences during recall was assessed as well as standardized measures of psychopathology. Results A 2×2 factorial analysis of fMRI data (Δt1/t2×ΔULE/RLE) revealed major right more than left differences of activation (i.e. t1>t2) of the posterior more than anterior cingulate, superior temporal lobes, insula, and right middle and superior frontal lobes (second-level analysis, t=3.0, puncorrected=0.003). The opposite contrast (Δt2/t1×ΔULE/RLE) did not reveal any differences. We did not find changes of emotional or sensoric qualities during recall (ULE versus RLE) or of psychopathology measures over the 1-year period. Conclusions Although subjective and clinical data did not change within 1 year, we observed a substantial decrease of temporo-frontal activation during the recall of ULE from t1 to t2. If future research confirms these findings, the question arises whether the decrease of neural activation precedes clinical improvement in BPD.
Co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorders in Veteran Populations

Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders have become increasingly prevalent in military populations. Over the past decade, PTSD has emerged as one of the most common forms of psychopathology among the 1.7 million American military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. Among veterans from all eras, symptoms of PTSD have been highly correlated with hazardous drinking, leading to greater decreases in overall health, and greater difficulties readjusting to civilian life. In fact, a diagnosis of co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use disorder has proven more detrimental than a diagnosis of PTSD or alcohol use disorder alone. In order to effectively address co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use disorder, both the clinical and research communities have focused on better understanding this comorbidity, as well as increasing treatment outcomes among the veteran population. The purpose of the authors in the present article is threefold: (a) present a case study that highlights the manner in which PTSD and alcohol use disorder co-develop after trauma exposure; (b) present scientific theories on co-occurrence of PTSD and alcohol use disorder; and (c) present current treatment options for addressing this common comorbidity.
MACOP-B and VACOP-B in diffuse large cell lymphomas and MOPP/ABV in Hodgkin's disease.

Between 1981 and 1986, 126 patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma were treated with MACOP-B (methotrexate/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone/bleomy cin). All had advanced-stage lymphoma (Ann Arbor stage III or IV or stage I or II if the tumor mass was greater than 10 cm or B symptoms were present). The complete response (CR) rate was 84% and the toxic death rate was 6%. Actuarial overall survival at 3 years was 67% and at 8 years 62%; the failure-free survival at 8 years was 52%. The follow-up for MACOP-B is 39 to 106 months (median 76) for living patients. A multivariate prognostic factor analysis for this group of patients identified age greater than 60 years. B symptoms, more than one extranodal site of disease, and more than three nodal sites of disease as the four significant prognostic variables. From June 1986, 108 patients were enrolled on a modification of MACOP-B called VACOP-B (etoposide/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone/bleomycin ). Their CR rate was 81%, and the toxic death rate was lower, at 3%. The 60% overall survival at 3 years is not statistically significantly different from that of MACOP-B. The incidence of moderate or severe mucositis and Cushingoid changes was much lower with VACOP-B. The MOPP/ABV (mechlorethamine/vincristine/procarbazine/prednisone- doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine) hybrid chemotherapy regimen for advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease was standard therapy from April 1981 to June 1988 for untreated patients aged 16 to 65. Advanced stage was defined as stages IIB, IIIB, III2A, IVA, IVB, or stages IIA or IIIA with greater than four splenic nodules or a mediastinal mass greater than one third of the transthoracic diameter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spanish Adaptation of the Reasonsfor Living Inventory

The Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL) is an instrument to mea sure a range of beliefs potentially important as reasons for not com mitting suicide. There is no Spanish version of this instrument. The adaptation process includes translation, back-translation, review of both versions, and application of the resulting instrument to a bilingual sample from the tar get population. This process allows for assessment of the equivalence between the English and Spanish version of the RFL in three stages: linguistic equivalence, conceptual equivalence, and scale equivalence. The most important aspects of the adaptation, con ceptual and scale equivalence, are adequate in this Spanish version of the RFL. The adaptation of the RFL is ready to be used in Spanish-speaking populations.
Effects of tamoxifen on the cervix and uterus in women with breast cancer: experience with Iranian patients and a literature review.

OBJECTIVE Invasive breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Due to the declining mortality rate that is partly attributable to the use of screening mammography and effective adjuvant therapy, more women survive their breast cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen on the genital tract with particular attention to the uterus and cervix. METHODS We investigated the relationship between tamoxifen and cervical or uterine cancer in Iran, reviewing all the studies performed by the Vali-Asr Gynecology Oncology Clinic in Tehran. In addition, the available data on Medline from 1980 until 2009 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 182 articles showed associations with gynecologic malignancies. Although as many as 121 referred to links between the drug and endometrial abnormalities (polyps or cancers), 55 articles studied the relationship with changes of pap smears, four of which indicated isolated cervical metastasis followed tamoxifen use in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION In spite of the significant relationship between tamoxifen and endometrial cancers, cervix is rarely involved in breast cancer patients. However, vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge has been reported in all cases before the diagnosis was made. To rule out genital tract malignancy, it is necessary, therefore, to have an annual pelvic exam, pap smear and early endometrial with endocervical curettage for tamoxifen users following a breast cancer in those with abnormal uterine bleeding or persistent vaginal discharge.
Predicting Dissociative Experiences: Imagination, Hypnotizability, Psychopathology, and Alcohol Use

College students (N = 85) were teted in order to examine the ability of imagination, psychopathology, hypnotizability, and alcohol use measures to predict dissociative experiences. Together, these measures predicted 45 percent (Bliss Scale [1]) and 43 percent (Dissociative Experiences Scale, DES [2]) of variance on dissociation scales. We confirmed the hypothesis that imagination and dissociative experiences are related: dissociation and positive constructive daydreaming and poor attentional control (SIPI) measures were moderately associated [3]. These two imagination measures emerged as influential predictors of Bliss (19% of variance) and DES (16% of variance) scores. Psychopathology measures (i.e., state anger, depression, anxiety) were more reliably associated with DES than Bliss scores, although alcohol use predicted Bliss scores. Hypnotizability (HGSHS:A, [4]) and dissociation were not associated, and hypnotizability only accounted for 3 percent of DES variance. Only state curiosity (STPI, [5]) was associated with hypnotizability.
Searching for the “Unleader”: Organizational Member Views on Leading Self-Managed Groups

The increasing adoption of the self-managed work group approach in organizations has created apuzzling paradox for leadership practice: How does one lead those that are supposed to lead themselves? Employee views at several organizational levels within a production plant that uses a self-managed work system are presented. The data were obtained from direct observation combined with another rather unique methodological approach (a variation of the nominal group technique; see Delbecq, Van de Ven, & Gustafson, 1975). This method of collection enabled each employee participating in the research to identify the specific behaviors he/she felt were important. Furthermore, employees rated, according to importance, a combined list of behaviors identified by a number of participating employees. Implications and conclusions are offered concerning the unique type of leader required in this new type of work system-the “unleader. ”
Emotion regulation deficits in euthymic bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder: a functional and diffusion-tensor imaging study

Emotion regulation deficits are a core feature of bipolar disorder. However, their potential neurobiological underpinnings and existence beyond bipolar I disorder remain unexplored. Our main goal was to investigate whether both individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder show deficits in emotion regulation during an attention control task, and to explore the neurophysiological underpinnings of this potential deficit.
A Q-learning based approach to interference avoidance in self-organized femtocell networks

The femtocell concept is an emerging technology for deploying the next generation of the wireless networks, aiming at indoor coverage enhancement, increasing capacity, and offloading the overlay macrocell traffic. Nevertheless, the detrimental factor in such networks is co-channel interference between macrocells and femtocells, as well as among neighboring femtocells. This in turn can dramatically decrease the overall capacity of the network. In addition, due to their non-coordinated nature, femtocells need to self-organize in a distributed manner not to cause interference on the macrocell, while at the same time managing interference among neighboring femtocells. This paper proposes and analyzes a Reinforcement-Learning (RL) framework where a macrocell network is underlaid with femtocells sharing the same spectrum. A distributed Q-learning algorithm is proposed in which each Femto Base Station/Access Point (FBS/FAP) gradually learns (by interacting with its local environment) through trials and errors, and adapt the channel selection strategy until reaching convergence. The proposed Q-learning algorithm is cast into high level and low level subproblems, in which the former finds in a decentralized way the channel allocation through Q-learning, while the latter computes the optimal power allocation. Investigations show that through learning, femtocells are not only able to self-organize with only local information, but also mitigate their interference towards the macrocell network.
Interaction of Huntingtin-associated Protein-1 with Kinesin Light Chain

Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) was initially identified as an interacting partner of huntingtin, the Huntington disease protein. Unlike huntingtin that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain and body, HAP1 is enriched in neurons, suggesting that its dysfunction could contribute to Huntington disease neuropathology. Growing evidence has demonstrated that HAP1 and huntingtin are anterogradely transported in axons and that the abnormal interaction between mutant huntingtin and HAP1 may impair axonal transport. However, the exact role of HAP1 in anterograde transport remains unclear. Here we report that HAP1 interacts with kinesin light chain, a subunit of the kinesin motor complex that drives anterograde transport along microtubules in neuronal processes. The interaction of HAP1 with kinesin light chain is demonstrated via a yeast two-hybrid assay, glutathione S-transferase pull down, and coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, HAP1 is colocalized with kinesin in growth cones of neuronal cells. We also demonstrated that knocking down HAP1 via small interfering RNA suppresses neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Analysis of live neuronal cells with fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrates that suppressing the expression of HAP1 or deleting the HAP1 gene inhibits the kinesin-dependent transport of amyloid precursor protein vesicles. These studies provide a molecular basis for the participation of HAP1 in anterograde transport in neuronal cells.
Teachers' Assessment of Students' Research Skills.

Today, teachers are expected to develop complex skills, such as research skills, in their students while implementing new views on learning and teaching and using authentic assessment strategies. About these new assessment strategies there is much debate and teachers are vulnerable in using them. We studied upper secondary education natural and social science teachers' practices using two surveys and two rounds of expert panel judgement on teacher-submitted assessment-related material and information. Our study shows that there are grounds for concern regarding the clarity of teachers' assessment criteria, the consistency between teachers' goals, assignments, and criteria, and the validity and acceptability of teachers' assessment practices. The extent to which it is justifiable to judge teachers' assessment practice by professional quality criteria is discussed, and suggestions are given as to the main quality criteria for formative and summative assessment and as to ways in which teachers could improve their assessment practices.
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Biomass and Lipid Production of a Marine Microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1

The effects of the nitrogen sources sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and urea (CH4N2O) on growth, lipid production, and fatty acid composition of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 were investigated. Nitrogen source affected cell density, dry cell weight, and lipid production. Cells grown in the nitrate medium increased dry cell weight and lipid weight in comparison with cells grown in the urea medium. The composition of fatty acids varied with nitrogen sources. IMET1cultured in the nitrate medium mainly contained C18:2 (14.9%) and C16:0 (6.3%) fatty acids, while IMET1 in the urea medium mainly contained C22:0 (33.1%), C18:3 (8.6%), and C16:0 (6.8%). This study demonstrates that nitrogen source can strongly influence lipid production and composition of N. oceanica IMET1.
Color structure recovering in strong specular text regions

Highlight component is unavoidable in natural text images, which is caused by the effects of degradations, environment conditions, illumination and material of objects during the capture process. There are some techniques which could reduce or remove the specular regions but almost of them are effective only in simple cases which contain small and slight highlight areas. Strong specular zones, especially in the cases of the destroyed color structure are still challenges for the current approaches. In this paper, we introduce an effective method to remove strong highlight components which ruin the color structure in the natural text images. By analyzing tensor saliency map based on saliency magnitude and saturation information, specular and diffuse candidates are determined. Then, diffuse nominees are used to remove highlight components from specular candidates based on the painting technique. Our proposed method is evaluated using the standard dataset of the ICDAR 2005. The promising results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Digital iontophoresis of vasoactive substances as measured by laser Doppler imaging--a non-invasive technique by which to measure microvascular dysfunction in Raynaud's phenomenon.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that microvascular vasodilation is impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared with patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and healthy controls, using the technique of laser Doppler imaging to quantify blood flow responses to iontophoresis of vasoactive agents. METHODS Microvascular blood flow was measured by laser Doppler imaging before, during and after 120 s iontophoresis (30 microA) of 1% acetylcholine chloride (ACh, endothelium-dependent) and 1% sodium nitroprusside (NaNP, endothelium-independent). Two adjacent fingers of the left hand were studied, and the procedure then repeated on the right. Ten patients with limited cutaneous SSc (LCSSc), 10 patients with PRP and 11 healthy control subjects were studied. RESULTS Vasodilation in response to both ACh and NaNP iontophoresis, as measured by 'area under the blood flow.time curve' (AUC), normalized for baseline flux, was similar in the control and PRP groups, but was diminished in the LCSSc group compared with both control and PRP groups (ACh results: control vs LCSSc P = 0.028, PRP vs LCSSc P = 0.005; NaNP results: control vs LCSSc P = 0.004, PRP vs LCSSc P = 0.005). There were no differences between groups in baseline flux values nor in voltages required to drive the 30 microA current. CONCLUSIONS Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation are impaired in patients with LCSSc. Vasodilatory responses in patients with PRP are similar to those in controls. If reproducibility is confirmed to be satisfactory, then these techniques could be used to examine disease progression over time and responsiveness to vasoactive treatment, thus facilitating clinical trials.
Fungal Infection in the Brain: What We Learned from Intravital Imaging

Approximately 1.2 billion people suffer from fungal diseases worldwide. Arguably, the most serious manifestation occurs when pathogenic fungi infect the brain, often causing fatal meningoencephalitis. For most fungi, infection occurs via the vascular route. The organism must first be arrested in the brain microvasculature and transmigrate into the brain parenchyma across the blood–brain barrier. As a result, host immune cells are recruited into the brain to contain the fungi. However, it remains poorly understood how fungi traffic to, and migrate into the brain and how immune cells interact with invading fungi in the brain. A new era of intravital fluorescence microscopy has begun to provide insights. We are able to employ this powerful approach to study dynamic interactions of disseminating fungi with brain endothelial cells as well as resident and recruited immune cells during the brain infection. In this review, with a focus on Cryptococcus neoformans, we will provide an overview of the application of intravital imaging in fungal infections in the brain, discuss recent findings and speculate on possible future research directions.
Shared Parenting, Parental Effort, and Life History Strategy

Previous developmental research has found that children from households with high shared parenting, childrearing agreement, and equitable division of parental labor experience positive developmental and social outcomes; a major limitation of these studies is that shared parenting measures do not assess the amount of total parental effort the child receives, but instead partitioning the amount of effort between parents. Life History (LH) theory predicts that the total amount of parenting the child receives should produce a greater developmental impact on the future LH strategies of children than precisely how that parental effort was apportioned between mothers and fathers. This report presents a cross-cultural study using convenience samples of university students in Mexico, the United States, and Costa Rica, investigating the relationship of total as well as shared parental effort on family emotional climate and the LH strategy of the participants as young adults. The first study was performed exclusively in Mexico; results indicated that higher levels of shared parenting experienced as a child were associated with Family Emotional Climate also during childhood and with participant adult LH. The second study extended these findings; higher total parental effort predicted shared parenting effort, positive emotional climate, and slower offspring adult life history strategy in the three convenience samples of Mexico, the United States, and Costa Rica.
Lazy Evaluation of Symmetric Bayesian Decision Problems

Solving symmetric Bayesian decision problems is a computationally intensive task to perform regardless of the algorithm used. In this paper we propose a method for improving the efficiency of algorithms for solving Bayesian decision problems. The method is based on the principle of lazy evaluation - a principle recently shown to improve the efficiency of inference in Bayesian networks. The basic idea is to maintain decompositions of potentials and to postpone computations for as long as possible. The efficiency improvements obtained with the lazy evaluation based method is emphasized through examples. Finally, the lazy evaluation based method is compared with the HUGIN and valuation-based systems architectures for solving symmetric Bayesian decision problems.
Power increases performance in a social evaluation situation as a result of decreased stress responses

We tested whether power reduces responses related to social stress and thus increases performance evaluation in social evaluation situations. We hypothesized and found that thinking about having power reduced fear of negative evaluation and physiological arousal during a self-presentation task (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 2, we also showed that simply thinking about having power made individuals perform better in a social evaluation situation. Our results confirmed our hypotheses that the mechanism explaining this power–performance link was that high power participants felt less fear of negative evaluation. The reduced fear of negative evaluation generated fewer signs of behavioral nervousness, which caused their performance to be evaluated more positively (serial mediation). Simply thinking of having power can therefore have important positive consequences for a person in an evaluation situation in terms of how he or she feels and how he or she is evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.