Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global citizenship and the cultural politics of benevolence

As part of the “Stand Up and Speak” campaign (“An End to Poverty” 2007) to raise awareness of the UN Millennium Campaign to “make poverty history,” the Canadian coalition of volunteer cooperation agencies Global Citizens for Change mailed out flyers to thousands of Canadians addressed: “Dear Global Citizen. ” Such an address presumes both an identityposition and an ethical-position of the addressee. The global citizen is one who identifies not (only) with their local or national community but as a member of a global community. Global citizenship, however, marks not simply a conception of belonging but an ethics of being: the global citizen is one who “Stands Up and Speaks” and who works to “make poverty history. ” To be addressed as a global citizen seemingly marks the transcendence of nation and other exclusionary modes of affiliation. Yet, the context of this address suggests that not everyone can be a global citizen, which reflects both a social positioning within unequal relations of power and an ethical distinction between those who help and those who are in need of being helped.
Use of RAPD and 16S rDNA sequencing for the study of Lactobacillus population dynamics in natural whey culture

The development of communities of the thermophilic microflora of natural whey culture for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese production was studied by means of molecular techniques. RAPD analysis facilitates the identification of the Lactobacillus strains involved in this microbial association and permitted the study of population dynamics during two cycles of whey fermentation. Analysis of RAPD fingerprints revealed the presence of four biotypes that dominate the whey fermentation process. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA demonstrated that the strains isolated from whey belong to Lact. helveticus and Lact. delbrueckii ssp. lactis species.
Performance analysis of checkpointing strategies

A widely used error recovery technique in database systems is the rollback and recovery technique. Former models of rollback and recovery assumed Poisson failures and fixed (or exponential) checkpointing intervals. Extending these models, we consider general failure distributions. We also allow checkpointing intervals to depend on the reprocessing time and the failure distribution. Furthermore, failures may occur during checkpointing and error recovery. After deriving a general expression for system availability, we find that system availability resulting from the well-known equidistant checkpointing strategy depends only on the mean of the failure distribution. We then introduce a failure-dependent reprocessing-independent checkpointing strategy called equicost strategy. For Weibull failure distributions, which are good approximations of actual failure distributions of computer systems, we show that the equicost strategy achieves higher system availabilty than the equidistant strategy, which is known to be optimal under Poisson failures.
HIF‐1α mediates the induction of IL‐8 and VEGF expression on infection with Afa/Dr diffusely adhering E. coli and promotes EMT‐like behaviour

Microbes regulate a large panel of intracellular signalling events that can promote inflammation and/or enhance tumour progression. Indeed, it has been shown that infection of human intestinal cells with the Afa/Dr diffusely adhering E. coli C1845 strain induces expression of pro‐angiogenic and pro‐inflammatory genes. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of cryptic‐like intestinal epithelial cells to C1845 bacteria induces HIF‐1α protein levels. This effect depends on the binding of F1845 adhesin to the membrane‐associated DAF receptor that initiates signalling cascades promoting translational mechanisms. Indeed, inhibition of MAPK and PI‐3K decreases HIF‐1α protein levels and blocks C1845‐induced phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein. Using RNA interference we show that bacteria‐induced HIF‐1α regulates the expression of IL‐8, VEGF and Twist1, thereby pointing to a role for HIF‐1 in angiogenesis and inflammation. In addition, infection correlates with a loss of E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 18 and a rise in fibronectin, suggesting that bacteria may induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition‐like phenotype. Since HIF‐1α silencing results in reversion of bacteria‐induced EMT markers, we speculate that HIF‐1α plays a key role linking bacterial infection to angiogenesis, inflammation and some aspects of cancer initiation.
Self-Provided and Peer-Provided Feedback

This article presents some ideas about the nature and role of feedback in instruction in writing. For purposes of introduction, feedback is defined simply as information on performance. Feedback can be responses from a classmate to one's writing as well as comments or corrections by a teacher. A more elaborate definition will be developed throughout the article, one that considers the possibility of "self-provided feedback," a concept developed by the author and Daniel R. Wolter. ' Here students are given the means of measuring their own performance and thereby providing themselves with information on what they have done in a writing assignment. In discussions with teachers, I am led to believe that most of them see feedback only in terms of information a writer receives from a reader. That limited view precludes the possibility of self-provided feedback. Similarly, research studies and discussions in articles and methods texts, typically, are limited to responses from the teacher and/or from peers. For example, Moffett's discussion in "Learning to Write by Writing" focuses on the advantages of peer over teacher feedback, though he does briefly note the possibility that a learner can receive information "from his own perception of what he has done. "2
GORCC: A global route planning protocol based on real-time road carrying capability

Aiming at the problem that the consistency between load capacity and the actual traffic volume, the road grade analysis in urban traffic network. Propose the improved GROCC algorithm based on the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. It is a global path planning method based on real-time traffic information. In this algorithm, the parameter, the number of recommended times are used as an important factor in path planning. The simulation results show that the algorithm can balance the traffic pressure of urban traffic network and achieve the actual global optimal solution. It is suit for the user's realtime navigation requirements.
Failed Deglutitive Upper Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation Is a Risk Factor for Aspiration in Stroke Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Background/Aims We attempted to examine the relationship between abnormal findings on high-resolution manometry (HRM) and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and to identify the risk factors for aspiration. Methods We performed VFSS and HRM on the same day in 36 ischemic stroke patients (mean age, 67.5 years) with dysphagia. Pressure (basal, median intra bolus, and nadir), relaxation time interval of the UES, and mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal contractility (as a contractile integral) were examined using HRM. The parameters of VFSS were vallecular residue, pyriform sinus residue, vallecular overflow, penetration, and aspiration. The association between the parameters of VFSS and HRM was analyzed by the Student’s t test. Results Three (8.3%) and 4 (11.1%) stroke patients with dysphagia had pyriform sinus residue and vallecular sinus residue, respectively, and 5 (13.8%) patients showed aspiration. Mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal contractile integrals in patients with residue in the pyriform sinus were significantly lower than those in patients without residue in the pyriform sinus (P < 0.05). Relaxation time intervals in patients with aspiration were significantly shorter than those in patients without aspiration (P < 0.05), and multivariate regression analysis revealed a shorter relaxation time interval as the main risk factor for aspiration (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.65; P < 0.05). Conclusions Manometric measurements of the pharynx and UES were well correlated with abnormal findings in the VFSS, and a shorter relaxation time interval of the UES during deglutition is an important parameter for the development of aspiration.
A finite mixtures algorithm for finding proportions in SAR images

This correspondence describes an algorithm for estimating the proportions of classes in an SAR image by first assuming that an image consists of a mixture of a known number of different pixel types. A maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters of the resulting mixture distribution is then evaluated using the EM algorithm. An advantage of the finite mixtures approach is that the quantities of interest, the proportions, are directly estimated. The technique is applied to aircraft synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of sea ice. In addition to finding the proportions of the classes, knowledge of the mixture components allows image displays tailored to a user's requirements.
Quality improvements in extruded meshes using topologically adaptive generalized elements

This paper describes a method to extrude near‐body volume meshes that exploits topologically adaptive generalized elements to improve local mesh quality. Specifically, an advancing layer algorithm for extruding volume meshes from surface meshes of arbitrary topology, appropriate for viscous fluid flows, is discussed. First, a two‐layer reference mesh is generated from the layer initial surface mesh by extruding along the local surface normals. The reference mesh is then smoothed using a Poisson equation. Local quality improvement operations such as edge collapse, face refinement, and local reconnection are performed in each layer to drive the mesh toward isotropy and improve the transition from the extruded mesh to a void‐filling tetrahedral mesh. A few example meshes along with quality plots are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Template Rotation for Mean-shift Tracking

The mean-shift algorithm is an efficient technique for tracking 2D target through an image. The classic mean-shift algorithm has a fixed spatial template. Therefore, the tracking result is affected by changes of the tracked object. This paper presents an adaptive template modification strategy which overcomes the influence. The proposed method adjusts adaptively template orientation during the mean shift procedure according to the analysis of the moments of the tracked target. Therefore, the tracker has the ability to handle target rotation. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness
The reversed fair process effect: Appraisal of attribution and differences between immigrants and non-immigrants

In general people are more satisfied when they are treated fairly. The reversed fair process effect states that, in face of a negative outcome this reverses. An inaccurate procedure provides an external attribution factor to which the failure can be attributed. This study looked into the effect of evaluative pressure and origin on the reversed fair process effect. Also the effect of suggested discrimination was examined. This study incorporated a measurement of attribution to examine its role within the reversed fair process effect. Results showed reversal indeed works through attribution, and is most likely to occur on (state) self-esteem. Furthermore important differences were found between immigrants and non-immigrants That is, whereas reversal was observed in non-immigrants this did not occur for immigrants. And also, Immigrants only attributed failure to themselves when they were evaluated based on their background and the procedure was accurate.
Neonatal treatment of rats with the neuroactive steroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) abolishes the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of adverse early life events.

Stressful experience during early brain development has been shown to produce profound alterations in several mechanisms of adaptation, while several signs of behavioral and neuroendocrine impairment resulting from neonatal exposure to stress resemble symptoms of dysregulation associated with major depression. This study demonstrates that when applied concomitantly with the stressful challenge, the steroid GABA(A) receptor agonist 3,21-dihydropregnan-20-one (tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, THDOC) can attenuate the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of repeated maternal separation during early life, e.g., increased anxiety, an exaggerated adrenocortical secretory response to stress, impaired responsiveness to glucocorticoid feedback, and altered transcription of the genes encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. These data indicate that neuroactive steroid derivatives with GABA-agonistic properties may exert persisting stress-protective effects in the developing brain, and may form the basis for therapeutic agents which have the potential to prevent mental disorders resulting from adverse experience during neonatal life.
The relationship of perioperative fluid administration to outcomes in colorectal and pancreatic surgery: A review of the literature

Optimal perioperative fluid administration in major gastrointestinal surgery remains a challenging clinical problem. Traditional dogma of a liberal approach to fluid administration in order to counteract potential hypovolemia and decreased end‐organ perfusion can often result in fluid overload, perhaps negatively impacting perioperative outcomes. This hypothesis has been investigated in several types of gastrointestinal surgery. We discuss the current literature on perioperative fluid administration in colorectal and pancreatic surgery and highlight the controversies that still exist. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:472–477. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal Customer Satisfaction in Rural Travelling Decision-Making based on Logistic Regression Model

With the economic development and the improvement of residents' income level, China’s tourism industry is now entering into a new historical period. In this paper, we construct an empirical analysis model about urban residents’ rural travelling decision-making, and then analyze influential factors mechanism by using logistic regression model. Based on the analysis of rural travelling decision-making behaviors, the result shows that the variables as disposable income, discretionary time of urban residents, infrastructure, traffic condition, tourism culture and tourism environment are significantly affecting rural travel decision-making, which is at 10% significant level; meanwhile, other variables as environmental quality, policy and media publicity is not obvious.
An Argument Framework for the Application of Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing in Support of Research

This paper proposes an argument framework for the teaching of null hypothesis statistical testing and its application in support of research. Elements of the Toulmin (1958) model of argument are used to illustrate the use of p values and Type I and Type II error rates in support of claims about statistical parameters and subject matter research constructs. By viewing the application of null hypothesis statistical testing within this framework, the language and intent of statistical support for research can be more precisely understood and taught.
Different activation dynamics in multiple neural systems during simulated driving

Driving is a complex behavior that recruits multiple cognitive elements. We report on an imaging study of simulated driving that reveals multiple neural systems, each of which have different activation dynamics. The neural correlates of driving behavior are identified with fMRI and their modulation with speed is investigated. We decompose the activation into interpretable pieces using a novel, generally applicable approach, based upon independent component analysis. Some regions turn on or off, others exhibit a gradual decay, and yet others turn on transiently when starting or stopping driving. Signal in the anterior cingulate cortex, an area often associated with error monitoring and inhibition, decreases exponentially with a rate proportional to driving speed, whereas decreases in frontoparietal regions, implicated in vigilance, correlate with speed. Increases in cerebellar and occipital areas, presumably related to complex visuomotor integration, are activated during driving but not associated with driving speed. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:158–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of spatiotemporal invariance in large neuronal ensembles in rat barrel cortex

Invariant sensory coding is the robust coding of some sensory information (e.g., stimulus type) despite major changes in other sensory parameters (e.g., stimulus strength). The contribution of large populations of neurons (ensembles) to invariant sensory coding is not well understood, but could offer distinct advantages over invariance in single cell receptive fields. To test invariant sensory coding in neuronal ensembles evoked by single whisker stimulation as early as primary sensory cortex, we recorded detailed spatiotemporal movies of evoked ensemble activity through the depth of rat barrel cortex using microelectrode arrays. We found that an emergent property of whisker evoked ensemble activity, its spatiotemporal profile, was notably invariant across major changes in stimulus amplitude (up to >200-fold). Such ensemble-based invariance was found for single whisker stimulation as well as for the integrated profile of activity evoked by the more naturalistic stimulation of the entire whisker array. Further, the integrated profile of whisker array evoked ensemble activity and its invariance to stimulus amplitude shares striking similarities to “funneled” tactile perception in humans. We therefore suggest that ensemble-based invariance could provide a robust neurobiological substrate for invariant sensory coding and integration at an early stage of cortical sensory processing already in primary sensory cortex.
Isolation of wireless ad hoc medium access mechanisms under TCP

Mobile computing will be much used in the future, as is evident by such initiatives as Bluetooth, Iceberg and HomeRF. However, for mobile computing to be successful, an obvious layer, the MAC layer, must be efficient in channel access and reservation. Therefore, in-depth understanding is needed of the wireless MAC layer if wireless computing is to takeoff. Many random access wireless MAC protocols have been proposed and standardized. However, there has not yet been an attempt to understand why certain designs are used and what makes certain protocols better than others. In this paper, we survey several popular, contemporary, wireless, random access MAC protocols and determine the effects behind the design choices on these protocols.
Partial Ranking and Alternating Vowels in Polish

1. Introduction The three nominal paradigms in (1) illustrate the fundamental problem posed by Slavic alternating vowels, called yers. In (1b) a full vowel appears throughout the inflectional paradigm; the stem is invariant. In (1c) the stem is also invariant and ends in a consonant cluster regardless of the following inflectional morphology. The paradigm in (1a) contains the yer vowel (underlined). This vowel is phonetically identical to the [ε] in (1b), but, unlike the vowel in (1b), the yer only appears when the following inflection is null and deletes otherwise, creating an alternation in the stem.
Carotid Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used to treat advanced heart failure refractory to medical management, as bridge therapy to myocardial recovery, as bridge therapy to cardiac transplantation, or as destination therapy for patients with unfavorable transplant candidacy. Neurologic complications are some of the most common and devastating complications in these patients. Preoperative carotid ultrasound is, therefore, a standard evaluation in patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease. Postoperative carotid artery Doppler sonography is performed in those patients with neurologic symptoms. It is likely, therefore, that sonographers, radiologists, and other physicians working in a center where LVADs are implanted will likely encounter a carotid artery Doppler study in this patient group. To our knowledge, the carotid Doppler findings in these patients have never been published. We review the Doppler ultrasound findings in 6 patients after LVAD insertion.
Service users' perceptions of Community Treatment Orders and their impact on interpersonal relationships.

Section A is a review of the literature on Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in the context of their recent introduction in England and Wales. A critical review of the literature in relation to CTOs’ effectiveness is presented, followed by available evidence on service users’ perceptions of CTOs. Consideration of ethical issues that surround compulsory community treatment is also offered. The review highlights gaps in the literature regarding CTOs’ impact on service users’ interpersonal relationships and on how service users who are based in the UK perceive CTOs. Further qualitative research is recommended. Section B describes a qualitative study investigating male service users’ perceptions of their CTOs and the impact of this intervention on their interpersonal relationships. Grounded Theory was used to analyse interview data from 15 participants. Five higher-order categories and 15 categories were identified which contributed to a preliminary model of how service users develop their CTO perceptions. The factors that appeared to influence participants’ perceptions of their CTOs were: i) past and present social living conditions, ii) view of self in relation to mental health, iii) view of the CTO service, i.e. view of medication and mental health professionals. Finally, the model showed that CTOs had a limited or no impact on participants’ views of their relationships with their families, friends, partners and local communities. Results are discussed with reference to potentially relevant psychological theories. Clinical implications, including raising professionals’ awareness about the impact of coercion on the therapeutic relationship, and directions for future research are also presented. Section C is a critical appraisal of the study presented in Section B. It provides reflective responses to four questions in relation to the following areas: research skills acquired through conducting the study; what improvements could be made if repeating the study; clinical implications; and directions for future research.
Tuning pacemaker frequency of individual dopaminergic neurons by Kv4.3L and KChip3.1 transcription

The activity of dopaminergic (DA) substantia nigra (SN) neurons is essential for voluntary movement control. An intrinsic pacemaker in DA SN neurons generates their tonic spontaneous activity, which triggers dopamine release. We show here, by combining multiplex and quantitative real‐time single‐cell RT–PCR with slice patch–clamp electrophysiology, that an A‐type potassium channel mediated by Kv4.3 and KChip3 subunits has a key role in pacemaker control. The number of active A‐type potassium channels is not only tightly associated with the pacemaker frequency of individual DA SN neurons, but is also highly correlated with their number of Kv4.3L (long splice variant) and KChip3.1 (long splice variant) mRNA molecules. Consequently, the variation of Kv4α and Kv4β subunit transcript numbers is sufficient to explain the full spectrum of spontaneous pacemaker frequencies in identified DA SN neurons. This linear coupling between Kv4α as well as Kv4β mRNA abundance, A‐type channel density and pacemaker frequency suggests a surprisingly simple molecular mechanism for how DA SN neurons tune their variable firing rates by transcriptional control of ion channel genes.