Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of compensatory balance responses using wearable electromyography sensors for fall-risk assessment

Loss of balance is prevalent in older adults and populations with gait and balance impairments. The present paper aims to develop a method to automatically distinguish compensatory balance responses (CBRs) from normal gait, based on activity patterns of muscles involved in maintaining balance. In this study, subjects were perturbed by lateral pushes while walking and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were recorded from four muscles in their right leg. To extract sEMG time domain features, several filtering characteristics and segmentation approaches are examined. The performance of three classification methods, i.e., k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines, and random forests, were investigated for accurate detection of CBRs. Our results show that features extracted in the 50-200Hz band, segmented using peak sEMG amplitudes, and a random forest classifier detected CBRs with an accuracy of 92.35%. Moreover, our results support the important role of biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles in stabilization and consequently discerning CBRs. This study contributes towards the development of wearable sensor systems to accurately and reliably monitor gait and balance control behavior in at-home settings (unsupervised conditions), over long periods of time, towards personalized fall risk assessment tools.
Medical Image Segmentation Using Firefly Algorithm and Enhanced Bee Colony Optimization

-MRI and Mammogram is one of the best technologies currently being used for diagnosing breast cancer and brain tumour. Breast cancer and brain tumour is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the mammogram and MRI image. In this thesis an intelligent system is designed to diagnose tumour through mammograms, using image processing techniques along with intelligent optimization tools, such as Fire Fly Algorithm (FFA), Enhanced BEE Colony Optimization (EBCO) and Artificial Neural Network. The detection of tumour is performed in two phases: preprocessing and segmentation in the first phase and feature extraction, selection and classification in the second phase. 350 MRI images obtained from KMCH Hospital Coimbatore and 161 pairs of digitized mammograms obtained from the Mammography Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database is used to design the proposed diagnosing system. Initially, the film artifacts and X-ray labels are removed from the images and median filter is applied to remove the high frequency components from the image. The suspicious region is segmented using Markov Random Field (MRF) hybrid with EBCO and FFA algorithm for MRI and mammogram images. The MRF and EBCO and FFA algorithm based image segmentation method is a process seeking the optimal labeling of the pixels. The optimum label is that which minimizes the Maximizing a Posterior (MAP) estimate. EBCO and FFA metaheuristic algorithm is implemented to compute the optimum label, which is to be treated as an optimum threshold for segmentation. Keywords--MRI, Mammogram, Enhancement, Feature Extraction, Receiver Operating Characteristics
Host-Related Olfactory Behavior in a Fruit-Piercing Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Far Eastern Russia

The host preference of the economically important fruit piercing moth, Calyptra lata (Butler 1881), was studied when exposed to different fruits and the odors of those fruits in enclosed feeding assays and in a two-choice olfactometer. The fruits consisted of three ripe and locally available types: raspberries, cherries and plums. Moths were released in cages with the ripened fruit and observed for any feeding events, which were then documented. Moths fed on both raspberries and cherries, but not on plums. To test the role of olfactory cues in fruit preference, male moths were released singly in the two choice olfactometer, with one type of fruit odor released in one arm and background control air in the other. The behavior of the moths was recorded on video. Parameters scored were 1) time to take off, 2) flight duration and 3) total time to source contact. The moths showed a significant preference for raspberry odor, exhibited a neutral response to cherry odor and significantly avoided the odor of plums. These results indicate that Calyptra lata demonstrates selective polyphagic feeding behavior and uses olfactory cues from both preferred and non-preferred fruits to detect and locate potential food sources. The possible implications for pest control are discussed.
Purification of Soybean Isoflavones from Soy Sauce Residue by Ultrafiltration

The extraction of soybean isoflavones from the soy sauce residue which is the byproduct of soy sauce process is of great significance to improve the utilization of the soy sauce residue. Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa was used to purify the extraction of isoflavones. The effects of ultrafiltration pressure, ultrafiltration temperature, feeding velocity, feed concentration and the feed pH on the membrane flux and rejection were analyzed. And then the membrane was cleaned. After purifying the crude soybean isoflavones from the soy sauce reside, the content of isoflavones in the freeze-dried powder was up to 6.27%.
Revisiting the connectivity puzzle of the common coral Pocillopora damicornis

Understanding levels of connectivity among scleractinian coral populations over a range of temporal and spatial scales is vital for managing tropical coral reef ecosystems. Here, we use multilocus microsatellite genotypes to assess the spatial genetic structure of two molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs, types α and β) of the widespread coral Pocillopora damicornis on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and infer the extent of connectivity on spatial scales spanning from local habitat types to latitudinal sectors of the GBR. We found high genetic similarities over large spatial scales spanning > 1000 km from the northern to the southern GBR, but also strong genetic differentiation at local scales in both MOTUs. The presence of a considerable number of first‐generation migrants within the populations sampled (12% and 27% for types α and β, respectively) suggests that genetic differentiation over small spatial scales is probably a consequence of stochastic recruitment from different genetic pools into recently opened up spaces on the reef, for example, following major disturbance events. We explain high genetic similarity among populations over hundreds of kilometres by long competency periods of brooded zooxanthellate larvae and multiple larval release events each year, combined with strong longshore currents typical along the GBR. The lack of genetic evidence for predominantly clonal reproduction in adult populations of P. damicornis, which broods predominantly asexually produced larvae, further undermines the paradigm that brooded larvae settle close to parent colonies shortly after the release.
Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 1 — Basic principles and applications

Seismic interferometry involves the crosscorrelation of responses at different receivers to obtain the Green’s function between these receivers. For the simple situation of an impulsive plane wave propagating along the x-axis, the crosscorrelation of the responses at two receivers along the x-axis gives the Green’s function of the direct wave between these receivers. When the source function of the plane wave is a transientas in exploration seismology or a noise signalas in passive seismology, then the crosscorrelation gives the Green’s function, convolved with the autocorrelation of the source function. Direct-wave interferometry also holds for 2D and 3D situations, assuming the receivers are surrounded by a uniform distribution of sources. In this case, the main contributions to the retrieved direct wave between the receivers come from sources in Fresnel zones around stationary points. The main application of direct-wave interferometry is the retrieval of seismic surface-wave responses from ambient noise and the subsequent tomographic determination of the surfacewave velocity distribution of the subsurface. Seismic interferometry is not restricted to retrieving direct waves between receivers. In a classic paper, Claerbout shows that the autocorrelation of the transmission response of a layered medium gives the plane-wave reflection response of that medium. This is essentially 1D reflected-wave interferometry. Similarly, the crosscorrelation of the transmission responses, observed at two receivers, of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium gives the 3D reflection response of that medium. One of the main applications of reflected-wave interferometry is retrieving the seismic reflection response from ambient noise and imaging of the reflectors in the subsurface. A common aspect of direct- and reflected-wave interferometry is that virtual sources are created at positions where there are only receivers without requiring knowledge of the subsurface medium parameters or of the positions of the actual sources.
Locked and unlocked polygonal chains in 3D

In this paper, we study movements of simple polygonal chains in 3D. We say that an open, simple polygonal chain can be straightened if it can be continuously reconfigured to a straight sequence of segments in such a manner that both the length of each link and the simplicity of the chain are maintained throughout the movement. The analogous concept for closed chains is convexification: reconfiguration to a planar convex polygon. Chains that cannot be straightened or convexified are called locked. While there are open chains in 3D that are locked, we show that if an open chain has a simple orthogonal projection onto some plane, it can be straightened. For closed chains, we show that there are unknotted but locked closed chains, and we provide an algorithm for convexifying a planar simple polygon in 3D. All our algorithms require only O(n) basic “moves” and run in linear time.
WhatNext: a prediction system for Web requests using n-gram sequence models

As an increasing number of users access information on the Web, there is a great opportunity to learn from the server logs to learn about the users' probable actions in the future. We present an n-gram based model to utilize path profiles of users from very large data sets to predict the users' future requests. Since this is a prediction system, we cannot measure the recall in a traditional sense. We, therefore, present the notion of applicability to give a measure of the ability to predict the next document. Our model is based on a simple extension of existing point-based models for such predictions, but our results show for n-gram based prediction when n is greater than three, we can increase precision by 20% or more for two realistic Web logs. Also we present an efficient method that can compress our model to 30% of its original size so that the model can be loaded in main memory. Our result can potentially be applied to a wide range of applications on the Web, including pre-sending, pre-fetching, enhancement of recommendation systems as well as Web caching policies. Our tests are based on three realistic Web logs. Our algorithm is implemented in a prediction system called WhatNext, which shows a marked improvement in precision and applicability over previous approaches.
Fluid Queue Models of Battery Life

We investigate how a power-save mode affects the battery life of a device subject to stochastically determined charging and discharging periods. We use a multi-regime fluid queue, imposing a threshold at some value. When the power level falls below the threshold, (for example, 20% of charge remaining) a power-save mode is entered and the rate of discharge decreased. An expression for the Laplace transform of the battery life's probability density function is found and inverted numerically in particular instances. We show the life of battery can be significantly improved by the introduction of the power-saving threshold.
Multiple cis‐acting sites positively regulate Escherichia coli nrd expression

Regulation of nrd expression in Escherichia coli by cis‐acting elements was found to be more complex than previously reported. At least five upstream sites appear to positively regulate nrd expression including a Fis binding site, a DnaA binding site, an AT‐rich region, an inverted repeat and a 10 bp site between the AT‐rich region and the inverted repeat. Double mutants defective in these sites indicate that all sites tested act independently when regulating nrd expression. As the decrease in nrd expression in exponentially growing cultures paralleled the decrease observed in DNA synthesis‐inhibited cultures for all single and double mutants, we concluded that nrd is regulated by the same mechanism in these physiological states. As mutants unable to induce nrd expression during inhibition of DNA synthesis also fail to exhibit cell cycle‐regulated nrd expression, we conclude that cell cycle nrd regulation is controlled by these same sites. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to show that the absence of an increase in nrd expression during DNA inhibition previously observed for deletion of the AT‐rich region results from deletion of both the Fis binding site and the AT‐rich region.
Rainfall patterns after fire differentially affect the recruitment of three Mediterranean shrubs

Abstract. In fire-prone environments, the "event-dependent hypothesis" states that plant population changes are driven by the unique set of conditions of a fire (e.g. fire season, climate). Climate variability, in particular changes in rainfall patterns, can be most important for seeder species, since they regenerate after fire from seeds, and for Mediterranean shrublands, given the high yearly variability of rainfall in these ecosystems. Yet, the role of rainfall variability and its interaction with fire characteristics (e.g. fire season) on plant populations has received little attention. Here we investigated the changes in seedling emergence and recruitment of three seeder species (Cistus ladanifer, Erica umbellata and Rosmarinus officinalis) after fires lit during three different years and at two times (early and late) during the fire season. Three plots were burned at each season, for a total of 18 plots burned during the three years. After fire, emerged seedlings were tallied, tagged and monitored during three years (two in the last burning year). Rainfall during the study period was rather variable and, in some years, it was well below average. Postfire seedling emergence varied by a factor of 3 to 12, depending on the species and on the burning year. The bulk of seedling emergence occurred during the first year after fire; seedling recruitment at the end of the study period was tightly correlated with this early emergence. Emergence in Erica and Rosmarinus, but not in Cistus, was correlated with precipitation in the fall and winter immediately after fire, with Erica being the most sensitive to reduced rainfall. Fire season was generally neither an important factor in controlling emergence nor, in particular, recruitment. We discuss how projected changes in rainfall patterns with global warming could alter the balance of species in this shrubland, and could drive some species to near local extinction.
Reactive Ion Etching of Al-1%Cu alloy thin films

The special technical process was demaned for the reactive ion etching (RIE) of AlCu alloy thin films, such as the removal of doped Cu, the protection of sidewall and the prevention of chlorine corrosion after etching. In this paper, Al-1%Cu alloy was etched using BCl3, Cl2 and N2 gases, and CH4 was also added in the etching gases in order to enhance the sidewall protection. The process was optimized and the multi-step process were abtained. The effect of CH4 on sidewall protection was analyzed. The removal of residue after the etch was also studied.
The genetic relationship and phenotypic expression of mutations endowing Pneumococcus with resistance to erythromycin.

SUMMARY: Five spontaneous erythromycin resistance mutations arising independently in a pneumococcal strain have been studied. Three distinct levels of resistance are represented by these mutants (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg. erythromycin per ml.). The mutations conferring resistance can be transferred to the sensitive parental strain through transforming DNA preparations. The transfer is discrete, in that the full level of resistance of the donor strain is always conferred upon the recipient. The length of time required for phenotypic expression of a mutation acquired by transformation depends on the particular marker. A mutation in a given strain may either be replaced by or combine with a different mutation transferred from a donor DNA preparation. In the case of combination, the DNA of the recombinant is capable of transferring each of the mutations as well as the entire complex of mutations possessed by the recombinant. The frequency of transfer of the complex demonstrates the degree of linkage of the separable mutations. A group of mutations in a given recombinant strain may either display antagonistic, synergistic or non-synergistic effects on the phenotype. Reverse mutations towards erythromycin-sensitivity generally involve alteration at the originally mutated sites, or at very closely linked sites.
Roles of histidine-103 and tyrosine-235 in the function of the prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase of Escherichia coli

Phosphatidylglycerol:prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) is the first enzyme in the posttranslational sequence of reactions resulting in the lipid modification of lipoproteins in bacteria. A previous comparison of the primary sequences of the Lgt enzymes from phylogenetically distant bacterial species revealed several highly conserved amino acid sequences throughout the molecule; the most extensive of these was the region 103HGGLIG108 in the Escherichia coli Lgt (H.-Y. Qi, K. Sankaran, K. Gan, and H. C. Wu, J. Bacteriol. 177:6820-6824, 1995). These studies also revealed that the kinetics of inactivation of E. coli Lgt with diethylpyrocarbonate were consistent with the modification of a single essential histidine or tyrosine residue. The current study was conducted in an attempt to identify this essential amino acid residue in order to further define structure-function relationships in Lgt. Accordingly, all of the histidine residues and seven of the tyrosine residues of E. coli Lgt were altered by site-directed mutagenesis, and the in vitro activities of the altered enzymes, as well the abilities of the respective mutant lgt alleles to complement the temperature-sensitive phenotype of E. coli SK634 defective in Lgt activity, were determined. The data obtained from these studies, in conjunction with additional chemical inactivation studies, support the conclusion that His-103 is essential for Lgt activity. These studies also indicated that Tyr-235 plays an important role in the function of this enzyme. Although other histidine and tyrosine residues were not found to be essential for Lgt activity, alterations of His-196 resulted in a significant reduction of in vitro activity.
Physically based motion transformation

We introduce a novel algorithm for transforming character animation sequences that preserves essential physical properties of the motion. By using the spacetime constraints dynamics formulation our algorithm maintains realism of the original motion sequence without sacrificing full user control of the editing process. In contrast to most physically based animation techniques that synthesize motion from scratch, we take the approach of motion transformationas the underlying paradigm for generating computer animations. In doing so, we combine the expressive richness of an input animation sequence with the controllability of spacetime optimization to create a wide range of realistic character animations. The spacetime dynamics formulation also allows editing of intuitive, high-level motion concepts such as the time and placement of footprints, length and mass of various extremities, number of body joints and gravity. Our algorithm is well suited for the reuse of highly-detailed captured motion animations. In addition, we describe a new methodology for mapping a motion between characters with drastically different numbers of degrees of freedom. We use this method to reduce the complexity of the spacetime optimization problems. Furthermore, our approach provides a paradigm for controlling complex dynamic and kinematic systems with simpler ones.
Dynamic and stability improvement of a wind farm connected to grid using UPFC

Wind power exploitation development to provide electricity has had more acceleration in recent years in compare with other sources of providing electrical energy in the world. Since, regions with the potential of wind energy are not necessarily close to consumers, analyzing and modeling of wind farms in order to distribute system load and to study the electrical and mechanical changes of them is important in many aspects and generally, wind farms which are connected to electricity system by radius and local grids, will face possibility of transferring provided power of wind farms problem when the position of consumers is far from mentioned units where, using FACTS devices are considered in order to keep stability and to create provided electricity transferring conditions to consumers. In this paper, a wind farm modeling and UPFC using are studied to solve the wind farms power transmission problems.
Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SP01, SP82, and φe Require Host Lysyl- and Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetases for Phage Development

Infection of Bacillus subtilis mutants having temperature-sensitive lysyl- or tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases with bacteriophage SP01, SP82, or φe indicates that both host enzymes are essential for phage development. No apparent modification of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the mutant host enzymes occurs during phage infection.
Video Synchronization Based on Displacements of Center of Motion

Abstract —Video synchronization is one of the ﬁrst steps inmost of the multi-camera systems. In this paper we introducea novel, computationally simple and reliable approach for videosynchronization that does not require any pre-computed camerageometries or tracking certain features. We deﬁne a featurecalled Center of Motion (COM) and obtain its trajectories alongthe temporal axis for both videos. Then the temporal shiftis estimated by correlating the trajectories. We follow a sub-sequence based approach to make our algorithm reliable andassign a conﬁdence measure to the estimated temporal shift.Whenever our algorithm fails to estimate the temporal shiftreliably it indicates its inability rather than giving a wrongoutput. Experimental results demonstrate promising capabilityof our approach. I. I NTRODUCTION A multi-camera system that captures the same scenefrom different viewpoints is commonly used for variousapplications such as surveillance, multiple view synthesisfor object recognition, dynamic scene reconstruction, etc.For such systems it is always important to represent allthe videos on a single time scale. If all the cameras areconnected to the same external clock signal then they will besynchronized automatically. But when cameras do not have acommon clock signal they have to be synchronized using thevisual information present in the videos. And for videos thathave been already captured synchronizing based on visualinformation is the only option.Video synchronization algorithms can be divided into twocategories: intensity based and feature based. Feature basedmethods use tracking and matching of speciﬁc features likepoints on moving objects, object trajectories, etc. whereasintensity based methods[1] use all the pixels and avoid featuretracking and matching. In [2] Caspi and Irani proposed amethod based on matching the trajectories of objects. But thismethod uses geometric correspondences for synchronizationand hence a sufﬁcient number of correspondences acrossimages are necessary, which may not be possible always. In[3] Wedge