Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium sulphate has beneficial effects as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section.

BACKGROUND The use of low concentrations of volatile anaesthetics with avoidance of opioids may induce intraoperative awareness and adverse haemodynamic responses during Caesarean section. Magnesium is well known to reduce anaesthetic requirements and to block noxious stimuli. We investigated whether i.v. magnesium sulphate modulates anaesthetic depth and analgesic efficacy during Caesarean section. METHODS Seventy-two patients undergoing Caesarean section were randomly assigned to receive i.v. saline (control group) or magnesium sulphate 30 mg kg(-1) bolus+10 mg kg(-1) h(-1) continuous infusion (Mg 30 group) or 45 mg kg(-1) bolus+15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) continuous infusion (Mg 45 group) after induction. Bispectral index (BIS) value, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and midazolam, fentanyl, and atracurium consumptions were recorded. RESULTS BIS values [mean (sd)] at 7.5 and 10 min after surgery and before delivery in the control [64 (9), 66 (8), 67 (8), P<0.001] and the Mg 30 groups [62 (8), P<0.01; 64 (7), 63 (9), P<0.001] were higher than in the Mg 45 group [56 (8), 55 (8), 55 (7)]. MAP was greater in the control group (P<0.05) than in the Mg 30 and Mg 45 groups during the pre-delivery period. The magnesium groups required less midazolam (P<0.05), fentanyl (Mg 30, P<0.05; Mg 45, P<0.01), and atracurium (P<0.001) vs the control group. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative i.v. magnesium sulphate attenuated BIS and arterial pressure increases during the pre-delivery period. Magnesium sulphate can be recommended as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section to avoid perioperative awareness and pressor response resulting from inadequate anaesthesia, analgesia, or both.
Geometric algorithms for a minimum cost assignment problem

We consider the minimum cost A-assignment problem, which is equivalent to the minimum weight one-to-many matching problem in a complete bipartite graph r = (A ,B), where A and B have n and k nodes respectively. Formulating the problem as a geometric problem, we give an qkn + k“n”’)-tirne randomized algorithm, which is better than existing qkt$ + n2 log n)-time algorithm if ks nob.
The environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility: A case-control study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and degenerating disease which involves central nervous system. Environmental risk factors have a key role in MS susceptibility. Here we aim to investigate different risk factors effect on MS susceptibility in a large population of MS patients in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional hospital-based study, which was conducted on a large group of MS patients registered in Kashani hospital and a control group from normal healthy population. Demographic data, age at onset of the disease, history of viral infections, vaccination, history of trauma to head, recent stressful events, alimentation, familial history, method of delivery (caesarean section, normal vaginal delivery), disability score and history of smoking were gathered using a designed questionnaire. Results: Totally 536 MS patient with the mean age of 34.37 ± 9.22 and 399 individuals from healthy population with the mean age of 32.53 ± 9.91 were recruited. Significant difference in history of measles infection (control = 15.5%, case = 22.4%, P = 0.009), consumption of dairy products (case = 56.6%, control = 67.5%, P = 0.01) and major stressful life events (case = 62.2%, control = 52.7%, P < 0.05) between these two groups were demonstrated. Conclusion: A significant relation between stress, history of infection and milk consumption was reached that highlights the importance of environmental risk factors in MS pathogenesis.
Range expansion promotes cooperation in an experimental microbial metapopulation

Natural populations throughout the tree of life undergo range expansions in response to changes in the environment. Recent theoretical work suggests that range expansions can have a strong effect on evolution, even leading to the fixation of deleterious alleles that would normally be outcompeted in the absence of migration. However, little is known about how range expansions might influence alleles under frequency- or density-dependent selection. Moreover, there is very little experimental evidence to complement existing theory, since expanding populations are difficult to study in the natural environment. In this study, we have used a yeast experimental system to explore the effect of range expansions on the maintenance of cooperative behaviors, which commonly display frequency- and density-dependent selection and are widespread in nature. We found that range expansions favor the maintenance of cooperation in two ways: (i) through the enrichment of cooperators at the front of the expanding population and (ii) by allowing cooperators to “outrun” an invading wave of defectors. In this system, cooperation is enhanced through the coupling of population ecology and evolutionary dynamics in expanding populations, thus providing experimental evidence for a unique mechanism through which cooperative behaviors could be maintained in nature.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Viramidine, a Prodrug of Ribavirin, in Healthy Volunteers

Ribavirin, part of the current first‐line combination therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, has side effects—in particular, hemolytic anemia—that is frequently dose limiting. Based on animal studies, viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, is converted to ribavirin in the liver. Viramidine dosing yielded 50% higher ribavirin levels in the monkey liver but only half in plasma and red blood cells compared to ribavirin dosing. At the same dose, it also had a safer profile than ribavirin in a 28‐day toxicity study in monkeys. The current study was carried out to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of viramidine in healthy male volunteers (n = 8–18 on viramidine vs. 2 on placebo at each dose level) after oral dosing of viramidine at 200, 600, and 1200 mg. There were no serious adverse events, and most adverse events were mild. The percentages of treatment‐emergent events judged to be possibly related to the study drug were 50% in the 1200‐mg group, 26% in the 600‐mg group, and none in the 200‐mg group. Viramidine was orally absorbed and rapidly converted to ribavirin with a tmax of 1.5 to 3.0 hours for both viramidine and ribavirin in plasma. There was dose proportionality in plasma AUC0–168 h and Cmax for viramidine and in plasma AUC0–168 h for ribavirin. Plasma AUC0–168 h for ribavirin was two to four times higher than plasma AUC0–168 h for viramidine, indicating that viramidine is extensively metabolized to ribavirin and is a prodrug of ribavirin in man. Amounts of viramidine and ribavirin excreted in the urine were small (2%‐5% of dose), indicating that the main route of elimination for both viramidine and ribavirin is metabolism. Both viramidine and ribavirin were excreted into urine through the mechanism of glomerular filtration. In addition, an evaluation of the effect of a high‐fat meal on the pharmacokinetics of viramidine and ribavirin after oral dosing of viramidine at 600 mg was conducted in healthy male volunteers (n = 33–34) in a crossover study design. A high‐fat meal increased viramidine plasma AUC0–168 h by 44% and Cmax by 20%. It also increased ribavirin plasma AUC0–168 h by 19% and Cmax by 43%. The clinical relevance of these increases is unknown.
User Similarity Determination in Social Networks

Online social networks have provided a promising communication platform for an activity inherently dear to the human heart, to find friends. People are recommended to each other as potential future friends by comparing their profiles which require numerical quantifiers to determine the extent of user similarity. From similarity-based methods to artificial intelligent machine learning methods, several metrics enable us to characterize social networks from different perspectives. This research focuses on the collaborative employment of neighbor based and graphical distance-based similarity measurement methods with text classification tools such as the feature matrix and feature vector. Likeminded nodes are predicted accurately and effectively as compared to other methods.
A restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search for fine‐grained data access control in cloud storage

For fine‐grained data access control in cloud computing, for the first time, we introduce a new concept called restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search, which combines the function of proxy re‐encryption with keyword search and that of threshold cryptosystem. To demonstrate this concept, we present the formal syntax for restricted proxy re‐encryption with keyword search, the security model, and a concrete construction. In our scheme, we take advantage of the techniques of threshold cryptosystem to restrict the capacity of the proxy cloud server, and in the meantime, we let the proxy cloud server can only re‐encrypt the data containing a specified keyword, which matches the trapdoor from delegatee to provide an accurate access control for users. While in this process, the proxy cloud server learns nothing about the contents of data and keyword. Our scheme is proved to be semantically secure under the modified bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption and the q‐decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman inversion assumption in the random oracle model. Finally, we apply the techniques in our scheme to some practical problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Server Selection and Pricing in Receiver-Driven P2P Streaming Systems

In receiver-driven P2P streaming architectures, a client peer may get resources from one or more server peers. The optimal peer selection problem is to minimize the total streaming cost subject to the bandwidth requirement. However, P2P peers are usually selfish identities who seek to maximize their own benefits. In this paper, we analyze the optimal peer selection problem in a game theoretic approach and use the well-known VCG procedure to schedule the pricing policy. We inspirit the true revelation of server peers' cost value in order to minimize the total streaming cost. Our contributions also include a study of practical implementation of VCG and a discussion of the pricing mechanism in a repeated-game view.
Bioinspired networks with nanoscale memristive devices that combine the unsupervised and supervised learning approaches

This work proposes two learning architectures based on memristive nanodevices. First, we present an unsupervised architecture that is capable of discerning characteristic features in unlabeled inputs. The memristive nanodevices are used as synapses and learn thanks to simple voltage pulses which implement a simplified “Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity” rule. With system simulation, the efficiency of this scheme is evidenced in terms of recognition rate on the textbook case of character recognition. Simulations also show its extreme robustness to device variations. Second, we present a supervised architecture that can learn if the classification of every input is given. Simulations prove its efficiency. A good robustness to device variation is seen, but not to the level of the unsupervised approach. Finally, we show that both approaches can be combined, with variation robustness higher than in the supervised case. This opens important prospects, like the possibility to first train the system in an unsupervised way with unlabeled data, while still benefiting of the simplicity to program a supervised system.
A Novel Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors with Special Boronic Acid Derivative to Detect Glycoprotein

We proposed and demonstrated a novel tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) label-free biosensor via a special boronic acid derivative to detect glycoprotein with high sensitivity and selectivity. TFBG, as an effective sensing element for optical sensing in near-infrared wavelengths, possess the unique capability of easily exciting the SPR effect on fiber surface which coated with a nano-scale metal layer. SPR properties can be accurately detected by measuring the variation of transmitted spectra at optical communication wavelengths. In our experiment, a 10° TFBG coated with a 50 nm gold film was manufactured to stimulate SPR on a sensor surface. To detect glycoprotein selectively, the sensor was immobilized using designed phenylboronic acid as the recognition molecule, which can covalently bond with 1,2- or 1,3-diols to form five- or six-membered cyclic complexes for attaching diol-containing biomolecules and proteins. The phenylboronic acid was synthetized with long alkyl groups offering more flexible space, which was able to improve the capability of binding glycoprotein. The proposed TFBG-SPR sensors exhibit good selectivity and repeatability with a protein concentration sensitivity up to 2.867 dB/ (mg/mL) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 15.56 nM.
Towards efficient content management in online social communities — A study of user interest and context

As hundreds of millions of users access online social communities at daily or even real-time basis, large amounts of user data are continuously generated. The fast-growing user-generated content poses great challenges on online social network system design for efficient content management and delivery. For instance, in content-centric online social network, all contents are organized in a temporal order which makes it very time consuming for users to browse all these contents to locate what they really like. By conducting a comprehensive study of online user activities, including content, social, and time characteristics, this paper try to accurately characterize user interest and user context, with the end goal of more efficient content management and real-time content delivery in online social network systems. The detail analysis of user activities is conducted on the real data collected from a popular online social community among Chinese universities with over 63,000 users to demonstrate the advantage and effectiveness of extracting user interest and context characteristics and applying them in designing more efficient content management systems.
Spliced leader RNA trans-splicing in dinoflagellates

Through the analysis of hundreds of full-length cDNAs from fifteen species representing all major orders of dinoflagellates, we demonstrate that nuclear-encoded mRNAs in all species, from ancestral to derived lineages, are trans-spliced with the addition of the 22-nt conserved spliced leader (SL), DCCGUAGCCAUUUUGGCUCAAG (D = U, A, or G), to the 5′ end. SL trans-splicing has been documented in a limited but diverse number of eukaryotes, in which this process makes it possible to translate polycistronically transcribed nuclear genes. In SL trans-splicing, SL-donor transcripts (SL RNAs) contain two functional domains: an exon that provides the SL for mRNA and an intron that contains a spliceosomal (Sm) binding site. In dinoflagellates, SL RNAs are unusually short at 50–60 nt, with a conserved Sm binding motif (AUUUUGG) located in the SL (exon) rather than the intron. The initiation nucleotide is predominantly U or A, an unusual feature that may affect capping, and hence the translation and stability of the recipient mRNA. The core SL element was found in mRNAs coding for a diverse array of proteins. Among the transcripts characterized were three homologs of Sm-complex subunits, indicating that the role of the Sm binding site is conserved, even if the location on the SL is not. Because association with an Sm-complex often signals nuclear import for U-rich small nuclear RNAs, it is unclear how this Sm binding site remains on mature mRNAs without impeding cytosolic localization or translation of the latter.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Expansin Gene Superfamily Reveals Grapevine-Specific Structural and Functional Characteristics

Background Expansins are proteins that loosen plant cell walls in a pH-dependent manner, probably by increasing the relative movement among polymers thus causing irreversible expansion. The expansin superfamily (EXP) comprises four distinct families: expansin A (EXPA), expansin B (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA) and expansin-like B (EXLB). There is experimental evidence that EXPA and EXPB proteins are required for cell expansion and developmental processes involving cell wall modification, whereas the exact functions of EXLA and EXLB remain unclear. The complete grapevine (Vitis vinifera) genome sequence has allowed the characterization of many gene families, but an exhaustive genome-wide analysis of expansin gene expression has not been attempted thus far. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified 29 EXP superfamily genes in the grapevine genome, representing all four EXP families. Members of the same EXP family shared the same exon–intron structure, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed a closer relationship between EXP genes from woody species, i.e. grapevine and poplar (Populus trichocarpa), compared to those from Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). We also identified grapevine-specific duplication events involving the EXLB family. Global gene expression analysis confirmed a strong correlation among EXP genes expressed in mature and green/vegetative samples, respectively, as reported for other gene families in the recently-published grapevine gene expression atlas. We also observed the specific co-expression of EXLB genes in woody organs, and the involvement of certain grapevine EXP genes in berry development and post-harvest withering. Conclusion Our comprehensive analysis of the grapevine EXP superfamily confirmed and extended current knowledge about the structural and functional characteristics of this gene family, and also identified properties that are currently unique to grapevine expansin genes. Our data provide a model for the functional characterization of grapevine gene families by combining phylogenetic analysis with global gene expression profiling.
Exploring the Cultural Impacts of Electronic Work Environments in Organizations

Increasingly, implementations of information systems (IS) are providing electronic substitutions for physical structures. The evolution of the digital information age has important implications for changes in organizational culture, a concept often linked to organizational performance. While organizational culture has been researched within an IS context, the majority of studies have investigated organizational culture's impact on IS outcomes. Few studies have centered on IS's influence on organizational culture. This study aims to address this gap through investigating a library that transitioned to an electronic library environment that exclusively offers digital library resources. Using Orlikowski's structurational model of technology as a sensitizing lens and Hatch's model of cultural dynamism, the researcher will conduct a longitudinal, interpretive case study of an electronic library to build upon theory that relates IS to organizational culture transformations. The findings may serve as a sensitizing lens for practitioners whose organizations undergo similar contextual changes.
ANALISIS PROGRAM KEGIATAN USAHA KESEHATAN GIGI SEKOLAH (UKGS) DI PUSKESMAS HALMAHERA

TITLEThe effect of concentration differences of betel leaf water stew to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutansABSTRACTIn the human mouth, there are various kinds of microorganisms. The bacteria that play an important role in the formation of plaque is bacteria that is capable of forming extracellular polysaccharide, that bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. Streptococcus bacteria are found in large quantities in patients with plaque caries is Streptococcus mutans One effort to prevent the occurrence of dental and oral diseases is to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the mouth. Red betel leaf can be used to inhibit the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans is the bacterial pathogen.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of red betel leaves boiled water as the inhibition of the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.This type of research is a quasi experimental approach to post-test design. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology to sample the bacteria Streptococcus mutans and simple random sampling technique. This study uses pure Streptococcus mutans bacteria grown on an agar medium, and the water red betel leaf decoction is used in different concentrations. To measure the inhibition of growth of a bacterium that is using a ruler (mm) by looking at the bright zone (clear zone) as free areas by bacteria. Data analysis method used is descriptive quantitative.The results showed the water decoction of red betel leaf has a concentration of 5% inhibition of 9.2 mm, red betel leaves boiled water with a concentration of 10% has the inhibition of 7.77mm, red betel leaves boiled water with a concentration of 15% has the power inhibition of 7.073mm, red betel leaves boiled water with a concentration of 20% has the inhibition of 10.105mm. The conclusion from this study is the difference in concentration of the cooking water red betel leaf have the effect of inhibition on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. In this research needs to be done further research in order to benefit from the water red betel leaf has more influence on oral health. Keywords : Concentration Water Stew Red Betel Leaf, growth of Streptococcus mutans Bacteria.
Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbs for the Prevention of the Risk of Renal Damage in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and GRADE Evaluation

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing kidney damage caused by Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) in Children by meta-analysis. Methods. We systematically searched the main Chinese and English electronic databases and collected randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbs in children with HSP until July 2018. Then we used the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Handbook 5. 1. 0 to complete the risk assessment of the included studies. We utilized STATA12.0 and RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis and GRADE pro. for quality evaluation of evidence. Result. (1) Meta-analysis: data from 39 studies, representing 3643 individuals, were included in the analysis. Thirty-seven studies were treated with traditional Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and cooling blood, which were combined. On this basis, subgroup analysis was conducted according to the bias risk of the original study. It showed that Chinese herbs can significantly improve the treatment effect (OR: 4.31, 95% CI [3.34, 5.57], P < 0.01) and reduce the risk of renal damage (RR: 0.36; 95% CI [0.21, 0.61], P < 0.01) and the risk of recurrence (RR: 0.43, 95% CI [0.34, 0.54], P<0.01). (2) Side effect: a total of 7 studies described adverse reactions, and 12 of 319 patients in therapy group had adverse events and 20 of 263 patients in control group. (3) Publication bias: the bias risk Egger's test for the incidence of kidney injury was P=0.572, the relapse rate Egger's test was P=0.175, the efficiency was combined with the low-risk original study, and the bias risk Egger's test was P=0.175. There was not any significant publication bias based on the funnel plot and Egger's test. (4) GRADE evaluation: GRADE evaluation showed that the quality of evidence in the risk of renal damage and recurrence rate was moderate. Conclusion. Chinese medicine treatment can prevent the occurrence of renal damage in children with HSP and can reduce the recurrence rate, the incidence of adverse reactions, and the effect in terms of efficiency. However, the quality of the included studies in the meta-analysis and the quality of the evidence of outcomes were not high; the clinical use of the evidence needs to be cautious.