Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a gross anatomy laboratory to online anatomy software for teaching anatomy

This study was designed to assess the grades, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction between occupational therapy students who used a gross anatomy laboratory versus online anatomy software (AnatomyTV) as tools to learn anatomy at a large public university and a satellite campus in the mid‐western United States. The goal was to determine if equivalent learning outcomes could be achieved regardless of learning tool used. In addition, it was important to determine why students chose the gross anatomy laboratory over online AnatomyTV. A two group, post‐test only design was used with data gathered at the end of the course. Primary outcomes were students' grades, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction. In addition, a survey was used to collect descriptive data. One cadaver prosection was available for every four students in the gross anatomy laboratory. AnatomyTV was available online through the university library. At the conclusion of the course, the gross anatomy laboratory group had significantly higher grade percentage, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction than the AnatomyTV group. However, the practical significance of the difference is debatable. The significantly greater time spent in gross anatomy laboratory during the laboratory portion of the course may have affected the study outcomes. In addition, some students may find the difference in (B+) versus (A−) grade as not practically significant. Further research needs to be conducted to identify what specific anatomy teaching resources are most effective beyond prosection for students without access to a gross anatomy laboratory. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
A framework to quantify FPGA design hardness against radiation-induced single event effects

This paper describes current ongoing research pertaining to the analysis of design radiation hardness for circuits implemented in Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Radiation induces single event effects in FPGAs that can cause erroneous operation by upsetting data bits or changing logic behavior. Design-level techniques can help mitigate these upsets to some degree; however, there is currently no method available to quantify the benefit of these techniques after they are incorporated into a design. This research strives to develop a framework to analyze FPGA netlists and score a design in terms of upset hardness. Additionally, this framework will develop a method to determine the most upset-susceptible locations in design netlists and help identify areas of circuits that would most benefit from additional design mitigation.
Magnetic and Mechanical Modeling of a Soft Three-Axis Force Sensor

This paper describes the modeling of a soft three-axis force sensor. The sensor has a cylindrical cantilever beam made of silicone rubber that compresses and bends when normal and tangential forces are applied. The displacement of the beam's end is calculated by measuring the change of the magnetic field emitted by a permanent magnet embedded in the soft beam, at fixed points in space. Spring theory and bending theory are used to calculate the normal and tangential force components. The normal forces calculated by the proposed model and the measured values have an error less than 5% validating the analogy of the sensor to a soft cantilever beam under compression and bending. The proposed mathematical model is simple and faster than a finite-element model, and accurately represents the non-linear behavior of the sensor's physical effects to applied loads.
Characterization of pleuropneumonia-like organisms of avian origin. II. Cultural, biochemical, morphological and further serological studies.

Strains of PPLO. Eight strains of PPLO, designated S6, F, SV, SA, O, C, Tu, and N, were studied. As determined in a previous cross-agglutination study, these strains consisted of at least four distinct antigenic types (Groups I through IV). The S6, F, and SV strains were classified into Group I; the C and Tu strains into Group II; the SA strain into Group III; and the O strain into Group IV. At that time the N strain could not be definitely classified. Rabbits repeatedly injected with it did not produce agglutinins for homologous or heterologous antigens (Yamamoto and Adler, 1957a). However, later studies with immune chicken serum (Yamamoto and Adler, 1957b) showed that the N strain was another distinct antigenic type which was classified into Group V. Pathogenicity studies indicated that only the organisms of Group I and Group V were pathogenic to birds. Mediums and methods for the various procedures. The mediums for the propagation and maintenance of strains were PPLO agar and broth (Difco), each supplemented with 10% horse serum and 1 % yeast hydrolysate. In preliminary experiments a semisolid medium prepared by the addition of 0.75% agar to PPLO broth was found satisfactory for the tetrazoliumblue reduction test. After sterilization by autoclaving, the medium was enriched with 10% horse serum, 0.25% yeast hydrolysate, and
Clinical application of a new device for minimally invasive circumcision.

AIM To study the clinical effects of a disposable circumcision device in treatment of male patients of different ages with either phimosis or excess foreskin. METHODS One thousand two hundred patients between the age of 5 and 95 years underwent circumcision using this procedure in the 2-year period between October 2005 and September 2007. Of these cases, 904 had excess foreskin and 296 were cases of phimosis. RESULTS In 96.33% of the cases the incision healed, leaving a minimal amount of the inner foreskin with no scarring and producing good cosmetic results. There were no incidents of device dislocation or damage to the frenulum. The average operative time was 2.5 min for excess foreskin, and 3.5 min for phimosis. During the 7 days of wearing the device, mild to moderate edema occurred in 10.08% of cases with excess foreskin and in 2.58% of those with phimosis. Edema in the frenulum was seen in 1.67% of patients, and only 0.67% had an infection of the incision. A total of 86.25% of patients reported pain due to penile erection. After removal of the device, 0.58% of the cases had minimal bleeding around the incision, and 2.42% had wound dehiscence. CONCLUSION The new device can be applied to an overwhelming majority of patients with phimosis and excess foreskin. This technique is relatively simple to perform, and patients who underwent this surgery had very few complications. Antibiotics were not required and patients reported less pain than those who were circumcised using conventional methods. Circumcision with this device requires minimal tissue manipulation, and is quicker and safer than circumcision using conventional techniques.
Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan microspheres for controlled delivery of Zidovudine

Zidovudine-Chitosan microspheres were prepared by a suspension cross-linking method. The chitosan was dissolved in 2% acetic acid solution and this solution was dispersed in the light liquid paraffin. Span-80 was used as an emulsifier and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The prepared microspheres were slight yellow, free flowing and characterized by drug loading, infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in-vitro release studies are performed in pH 7.4 buffer solution. Microspheres produced are spherical and have smooth surfaces, with sizes ranging between 60–210 µm, as evidenced by SEM and particle size analysis. The drug loaded microspheres showed up to 60% of entrapment and release was extended up to 18–24 h. Among all the systems studied, the 35% Glutaraldehyde crosslinked, microspheres with 1 : 6 drug/chitosan ratio showed 75% release at 12 h. The infrared spectra and DSC thermograms showed stable character of zidovudine in the drug loaded microspheres and revealed the absence of drug–polymer interactions. Data obtained from in vitro release were fitted to various kinetic models and high correlation was obtained in the Higuchi model. The drug release was found to be diffusion controlled.
How Much Inequality Can We Explain? A Methodology and an Application to the United States

The authors develop two simple measures of how much inequality is explained by individual population characteristics or groups of characteristics, analogous to R[superscript 2] in regression analysis. The authors investigate the measures' empirical implementation using several alternative theoretically consistent approaches to inequality decomposition. Results are illustrated using U.S. PSID income data. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
Conflict and Family Functioning in Family Business

Abstract This exploratory study examines individual conflict handling styles and perceived family functioning in a sample of Australian family businesses. Given the complex nature of family business, understanding how families in business handle conflict and function is an important area for research. Respondents (n=54) were drawn from the database of the Australian Centre for Family Business. Family business operators are analysed against a control group of 49 non-family business respondents. Two validated questionnaires, the Rahim Organisational Conflict Inventory H (ROCI-II) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III (FACES-Ill) were used in this study. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Implications are discussed and recommendations for further research are included.
Kenya: one step forward, three steps back: the succession dilemma

Despite the optimism in 1992, that competitive multi‐party politics would create effective and meaningful democratic politics in Kenya, there has been a process of political deliberalisation and politicisation of ethnic politics. There is, moreover, little prospect that President Moi will give way to a replacement at the end of his second five‐year term in 2002. There is even less chance that effective political democracy is likely in Kenya in the foreseeable future.
A Note on a New Weighted Idiosyncratic Risk Measure

This note remedies a risk measure, which was proposed by the work of Jan and Wang (2012). They used property of martingale to measure idiosyncratic risk, and illustrated that it is better than the measurements of variance and semivariance. However, their risk measure can’t distinguish between the assets whose return rising firstly and then declining, and the assets whose return declining firstly and then rising. In this note, I propose a remedied method, which puts more weight to the recent return’s variation, and demonstrate that the new weighting risk measure is more close to the investor risk conception.
Flexicurity, Wage Dynamics and Inequality Over the Life-Cycle

We investigate the relationship between life-cycle wages and flexicurity in Denmark. We separate permanent from transitory wages and characterise flexicurity using membership of unemployment insurance funds. We find that flexicurity is associated with lower wage growth heterogeneity over the life-cycle and greater wage instability, changing the nature of wage inequality from permanent to transitory. While we are in general unable to formally test for moral hazard against adverse selection into unemployment insurance membership, robustness checks suggest that moral hazard is the relevant interpretation.
Forecasting Spot Price Volatility Using the Short-Term Forward Curve

We use high frequency real time spot prices and day-ahead forward prices from the Pennsylvania–New Jersey–Maryland wholesale electricity market to calculate, describe, and forecast spot price volatility. We introduce the concept of forward realized volatility calculated from day-ahead forward prices. Forward realized volatility improves forecasts of spot price volatility – in the sense of higher R2s and significantly lower forecast errors – when compared with forecasts based solely upon historical volatility. The largest forecast improvements obtained when the change in forward realized volatility is large in magnitude. Splitting total volatility into its continuous and jump components is crucial for forecasting volatility at weekly and monthly horizons.
Noncompetes in the U.S. Labor Force

As typically unobserved features of the employment relationship, the role that covenants not to compete play in shaping economic dynamics is intrinsically difficult to grasp. Using nationally representative survey data on 11,505 labor force participants, we characterize the use of noncompetes by employer and employee characteristics and document the labor market effects with which they are associated. We find that noncompetes are more likely to be found in high skill, high paying occupations, but that they are also prevalent in low skill, low paying occupations. We document that negotiation over noncompetes is rare and that firms regularly delay the offering of the noncompete until after the employee has accepted the job. In the cross-section, noncompetes are associated with both increased retention and redirection from competitors, as well as a greater likelihood of receiving training and higher wages. We find little role for the enforceability of the noncompete both in determining where noncompetes are used and the strength of the relationship between a noncompete and labor market outcomes.
GPS based system for detection and control of maritime boundary intruding boats

Maritime boundary violation and intrusion by fishing boats has been a huge concern not only for the errant fishermen and their families but also a massive burden on governments and public alike, due to the complexity of the issue and the naivety of the people involved. The chief solution is to safe guard these fishermen from the danger which they are encountering in everyday life for their livelihood. Hence, keeping the above problems in mind, this paper proposes a GPS based boat detection and tracking system which would safe guard the fishermen from the potential dangers they might face by giving them pre-warning in case of trespassing. In particular, we are proposing to control the navigation so that the fishermen are directed to safe region. This system was designed and demonstrated already. In the proposed system, the maritime boundary is detected using GPS in real time but for our demonstration purposes, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) readers and tags were used in which the location detection and retrieval was followed by the vital information being sent to the Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) for taking corresponding actions.
Adaptive multi-band resource allocation for wireless power and information transmission

In this paper, we investigate power allocation in a multi-band and multi-antenna wireless communication system which is employed for simultaneous information and power transmission. We study the optimization problem of sum-rate over multiple sub-bands subject to the circuit power requirement and the power spectral density limit. This problem of power allocation and beamforming is decomposed into two sub-problems to solve: 1) optimize energy transmission efficiency to fulfill the requirement of circuit power for receiver regular operations, 2) optimize information transfer rate based on the results of 1). Finally, we get the optimal solution to the original problem. The result shows that the frequency diversity and the beamforming gain are achieved at the same time. Simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the presented solutions.
Economic Reform in Poland and Czechoslovakia: Lessons in Systemic Transformation

Introduction Background Forces: Poland and Czechoslovakia The Two Economies: 1945-1989 Economic Performance: 1945-1989 Reform Experiences: 1945-1989 Current reforms: Legal Foundations and Pricing Policy Fiscal Reform Currency, Banking, Monetary Reforms Reforming Foreign Investment Policy Reforming Foreign Trade Policies Property Restitution and Ownership Transformation Anti-Monopoly and Employment Policies Industrial Responses A Theoretical Frame for Lessons in Systemic Transformation Conclusions and Recommendations Chronology of Significant Events Interviewees References Index
Multinational Companies and Productivity Spillovers: A Meta‐Analysis

This paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on multinational companies and productivity spillovers. By collecting information from a sample of published and unpublished papers on the impact of multinational presence on domestic productivity, we investigate whether certain aspects of the study design affect the results, and whether there is publication bias in the literature. Our findings show that some aspects of the empirical methods used, namely, how the presence of multinationals is defined, and whether cross-section or panel analysis is employed, may have an effect on the results. We also discover some evidence that there may be publication bias.
Interference as Measured by the Stroop Color-Word Test and the Direction-Word Test with Varied Comparison Stimuli

The current investigation explored the influence of irrelevant stimuli on the standard Stroop color-word effect. Also investigated is the effectiveness of a new direction-related test which, unlike previous direction-related Stroop-like measures, exactly parallels format of the original Stroop in administration. This Direction-Word Test uses arrowheads at the ends of each target word to depict direction, e.g., left, right, and middle. 92 undergraduate students volunteered to participate. Analysis indicated that interference is found on the Color-Word Test, even with noncolor words as stimuli. Interference also occurred on the new Direction-Word Test. The correlation between the two forms of the Stroop effect was low, although significant, perhaps indicating there are different systems involved in response interference.
Political and institutional impediments to foreign direct investment inflows to sub‐Saharan Africa

This article analyzes the role of institutional factors and political stability in the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It uses cross-sectional time series data on 40 SSA countries, and an econometric model of 12 institutional (including political risk) variables, after controlling for both traditional and policy variables. Given the role of foreign direct investment in the development process, one of the most important challenges facing Africa is how to attract an improved share of the increasing flow of world FDI. Africa's image as a high-risk investment region has to be dispelled, as the flow of FDI is highly sensitive to economic and political risks. Fiscal incentives, the most popular instrument for attracting FDI in Africa, have failed to deliver the expected increase in FDI inflows. We believe that what is needed is not only political and macroeconomic stability but also institutional credibility. The objective of this article, therefore, is to investigate the impact of institutional factors and political risk on the inflow of FDI to SSA. The results reveal that institutional factors are important to attract FDI into SSA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Financial planning in business venturing

The literature provides limited methods that aid entrepreneurs in understanding the financial magnitude of their decisions. Conventional planning approaches are adopted from large-scale international companies. The primary aim is the creation of pro-forma financial statements. The paper proposes a financial planning framework that goes beyond existing approaches. Firstly, it provides a decision aid that can improve the decision making of entrepreneurs by identifying critical decisions/uncertainties and revealing the flow of information. Secondly, the framework enhances learning in a highly uncertain environment. Thirdly, it provides a method to accomplish the sequence of financial planning by quantifying the corporate strategy.
Chemotherapy and prevention of drug-resistant malaria

Drug-resistant falciparum and vivax malaria will continue to be an increasing problem. The incidence of drug-resistant malaria has been increasing at a rate that exceeds new drug development. Plasmodium falciparum has rapidly developed resistance to new synthetic antimalarials, including mefloquine and halofantrine. P. vivax malaria resistant to chloroquine and primaquine is now widespread in parts of Oceania; the optimal therapy for this infection is unknown. At present, a combination of qinghaosu derivatives and mefloquine appears to be the most active drug regimen against multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria from Southeast Asia. However, qinghaosu compounds are not yet licensed and widely available. The capacity of P. falciparum to rapidly develop drug resistance and the growing evidence that other plasmodia can evolve resistance suggests that within the next 10 years, we face the real prospect of untreatable malaria. Ultimately, control of malaria may require more creative approaches than additional inhibitory drugs. These might include: the identification of biochemical pathways unique to the parasite (such as drug efflux and heme polymerase), making it possible to design new classes of antimalarial agents that are selectively toxic to the parasite; methods to block parasite development in the mosquito vector; and multistage vaccines against both asexual and sexual stages in order to block both the pathophysiology and transmission of disease.
Predicting Meiotic Pathways in Human Fetal Oogenesis1

Abstract Gene function prediction has proven valuable in formulating testable hypotheses. It is particularly useful for exploring biological processes that are experimentally intractable, such as meiotic initiation and progression in the human fetal ovary. In this study, we developed the first functional gene network for the human fetal ovary, HFOnet, by probabilistically integrating multiple genomic features using a naïve Bayesian model. We demonstrated that this network could accurately recapture known functional connections between genes, as well as predict new connections. Our findings suggest that known meiosis-specific genes (i.e., with functions only in meiotic processes in the germ cells) make either no or a few functional connections but are highly clustered with neighbor genes. In contrast, known nonspecific meiotic genes (i.e., with functions in both meiotic and nonmeiotic processes in the germ cells and somatic cells) exhibit numerous connections but low clustering coefficients, indicating their role as central modulators of diverse pathways, including those in meiosis. We also predicted novel genes that may be involved in meiotic initiation and DNA repair. This global functional network provides a much-needed framework for exploring gene functions and pathway components in early human female meiosis that are difficult to tackle by traditional in vivo mammalian genetics.