Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF β-SITOSTEROL FROM HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (Roxb.) PLANCH USING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD

Objective: The Present study was designed to develop a new simple, precise, rapid and selective high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HP TLC) method for the determination of beta‐sitosterol in methanolic leaf extract of holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Methods: As per ICH guidelines we have applied different concentrations of beta‐sitosterol as standard on HPTLC plates for the quantification of beta sitosterol from the plant extract. Concentration of standard beta‐sitosterol was 0. 1µg/µl Results: The retention factor of beta‐sitosterol was 0.38. Linearity was obtained in the range of 100 ng‐500 ng for beta sitosterol. The developed and validated HPTLC method was employed for beta‐sitosterol in methanolic leaf extract of holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch for Standardization of the content of the marker. Satisfactory recoveries of 85.0 ‐86.0 % were obtained for beta‐sitosterol. Conclusion: The results obtained in validation assays indicate the accuracy and reliability of the developed HPTLC method for the quantification of beta‐sitosterol in methanolic leaf extract of holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.
Detection of Malicious Sensor Node in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks based on Processor Utilization

paper proposes a strategy based on processor utilization value provided by each sensor node of the network for detecting their malicious activities by comparing the node's present processor utilization value with the old estimated value . If the difference between the two values is higher or less than the expected value then that particular node become suspicious. A knowledge based system can take decision to expel the malicious node from the network topology
Multi-version software updates

Software updates present a difficult challenge to the software maintenance process. Too often, updates result in failures, and users face the uncomfortable choice between using an old stable version which misses recent features and bug fixes, and using a new version which improves the software in certain ways, only to introduce other bugs and security vulnerabilities. In this position paper, we propose a radically new approach for performing software updates: whenever a new update becomes available, instead of upgrading the software to the new version, we instead run the new version in parallel with the old one. By carefully coordinating their executions and selecting the behavior of the more reliable version when they diverge, we can preserve the stability of the old version without giving up the features and bug fixes added to the new version. We are currently focusing on a prototype system targeting multicore CPUs, but we believe this approach could also be deployed on other parallel platforms, such as GPGPUs and cloud environments.
Study of the Roles of Chemical Modifiers in Determining Boron Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Optimization of the Temperature Profile During Atomization

The measurement conditions for determining boron using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) were investigated. Differences in the boron absorbance profiles were found using three different commercially available GF-AAS instruments when the graphite atomizers in them were not tuned. The boron absorbances found with and without adjusting the graphite atomizers suggested that achieving an adequate absorbance for the determination of boron requires a sharp temperature profile that overshoots the target temperature during the atomization process. Chemical modifiers that could improve the boron absorbance without the need for using coating agents were tested. Calcium carbonate improved the boron absorbance but did not suppress variability in the peak height. Improvement of boron absorbance was comparatively less using iron nitrate or copper nitrate than using calcium carbonate, but variability in the peak height was clearly suppressed using iron nitrate or copper nitrate. The limit of detection was 0.0026 mg L^−1 when iron nitrate was used. It appears that iron nitrate is a useful new chemical modifier for the quick and simple determination of boron using GF-AAS.
The electromagnetic leakage of the bounded-wave EMP simulator during the simulation of LEMP

Bounded-wave EMP Simulator is often used in the simulation of the lightning electromagnetic environment. When simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment EMP simulator is working in the environment of high voltage and high field intensity. The simulator has an opening structure, and it will inevitably bring a certain radiation to its surroundings. The effect imposed onto the electronic equipment by the leak of the simulator should be considered. In this paper, the leakage of the EMP simulator is analyzed. Two states were taken into consideration: when the simulator is unloaded and when the equipment under-test (EUT) is placed in the simulator. The numerical result shows that the field intensity of the leakage falls rapidly as the distance from the simulator edge increase. When the distance from the working region of the simulator is more than 3.5m, the radiation field is less than twenty percent of the edge.
The Death of Sociology in the 1980s: Comment on Collins

The point is that, for analytical purposes in the development of social theory, such abstraction of the elements from social reality that capture the essence of a problem is necessary. This is less true for historical explanation, though historical explanation can obviously make use of such theory, once developed. Sewell's difference with me on this point is, I believe, due to a difference between his goal of historical explanation and my goal of developing social theory. There is another disagreement on which I must comment. True, I did take postwar behavioristic survey research to task. But since that is my metier, just as social history is Sewell's, I would like to defend it as well. This research not only mirrored radical changes in the social structure, as I described in my paper. It also will continue in importance, for the social structure has not reverted to its 19th-century form. But there is an additional value. It has paved the way, in the discipline of sociology, for the introduction of a more systematic and quantitative component-not only for the behavior of individuals, which was the simpler task, but also for the behavior of social systems. A theory of action in sociology will, to be sure, have a strong qualitative component not reducible to formal quantification. But the extensive development of behavioristic survey research has helped ensure that social theory will not consist wholly of qualitative elements. Finally a minor comment on his footnote 1. I make no claim to be an expert on Marx and will defer to Sewell, remarking only that Marx was sufficiently prolific that support can easily be found for opposing positions. Witness, for example, the disagreement between Elster and others on the presence of absence of methodological individualism in Marx.
Novel Mechanisms of Endothelial Mechanotransduction

Atherosclerosis is a focal disease that develops preferentially where nonlaminar, disturbed blood flow occurs, such as branches, bifurcations, and curvatures of large arteries. Endothelial cells sense and respond differently to disturbed flow compared with steady laminar flow. Disturbed flow that occurs in so-called atheroprone areas activates proinflammatory and apoptotic signaling, and this results in endothelial dysfunction and leads to subsequent development of atherosclerosis. In contrast, steady laminar flow as atheroprotective flow promotes expression of many anti-inflammatory genes, such as Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inhibits endothelial inflammation and athrogenesis. Here we will discuss that disturbed flow and steady laminar flow induce pro- and antiatherogenic events via flow type–specific mechanotransduction pathways. We will focus on 5 mechanosensitive pathways: mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal–regulated kinase 5/Kruppel-like factor 2 signaling, extracellular signal–regulated kinase/peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor signaling, and mechanosignaling pathways involving SUMOylation, protein kinase C-&zgr;, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase. We think that clarifying regulation mechanisms between these 2 flow types will provide new insights into therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Tackling the Problem of Unidirectional Links

—Experiments have shown that unidirectional links are quite common in wireless sensor networks. Still, many MAC protocols ignore their existence, even though they have a tremendous impact on the performance of both TDMA-and contention based protocols. In contention based protocols the medium may be assumed free when it is indeed busy. In TDMA based protocols two neighboring nodes might get assigned the same slot even though there is an unidirectional link between them. In this paper we discuss the inﬂuence of unidirectional links on communication protocols in wireless sensor networks, focusing on MAC protocols. We also present two protocols that do not only eliminate the negative side effects of unidirectional links, but use them for message transmission as well.
A Direct Design of Oversampled Perfect Reconstruction FIR Filter Banks

We address a problem to find optimal synthesis filters of oversampled uniform finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter banks (FBs) yielding perfect reconstruction (PR), when we are given an analysis FB, in the case where all the filters have the same length that is twice a factor of downsampling. We show that in this class of FBs, a synthesis FB that achieves PR can be found in closed form with elementary matrix operations, unlike conventional design methods with numerical optimization. This framework allows filter coefficients to be complex as well as real. Due to the extra degrees of freedom in a synthesis FB provided by oversampling, we can determine optimal coefficients of synthesis filters that meet certain criteria. We introduce in this paper two criteria: variance of additive noise and stopband attenuation. We show theoretical results of optimal synthesis filters that minimize these criteria and design examples of oversampled linear-phase FIR FBs and DFT-modulated FBs. Moreover, we discuss applications to signal reconstruction from incomplete channel data in transmission and inverse transform of windowed discrete Fourier transform with 50% overlapping
The decay of stabilizability with Reynolds number in a linear model of spatially developing flows

This article characterizes the gradual decay of stabilizability with Reynolds number in the linear complex Ginzburg‐Landau model of spatially developing flow systems when a single spatially‐localized actuator is used to apply the control forcing. It is shown that, technically, the system considered is linearly stabilizable for all actuator locations at any Reynolds number. However, as the Reynolds number is increased and an increasing number of modes of the open‐loop system become unstable, the control authority on some of these open‐loop unstable modes is found to be exponentially small. Using finite‐precision arithmetic and any given numerical method for computing the feedback gains, an effective upper bound on the Reynolds number is reached, above which it is not possible to compute a linearly stabilizing control algorithm. This ‘effective upper bound’, however, is not a fundamental characteristic of the system; rather, it is a persistent artefact of the numerical precision used in the controller calculation. The most suitable location for the actuator as the Reynolds number is increased is well predicted by analysis of the domain of support of the open‐loop adjoint eigenfunctions. Further understanding is provided by analysis of the closed‐loop system eigenfunctions, which are shown to become increasingly non‐normal as the Reynolds number is increased.
Synchronization in Cooperative Communication Systems

Cooperative communication is an attractive solution to combat fading in wireless communication systems. Achieving synchronization is a fundamental requirement in such systems. In cooperative networks, multiple single antenna relay terminals receive and cooperatively transmit the source information to the destination. The multiple distributed nodes, each with its own local oscillator, give rise to multiple timing offsets (MTOs) and multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFOs). Particularly, the received signal at the destination is the superposition of the relays’ transmitted signals that are attenuated differently, are no longer aligned with each other in time, and experience phase rotations at different rates due to different channels, MTOs, and MCFOs, respectively. The loss of synchronization due to the presence of MTOs and MCFOs sets up the recovery of the source signal at the destination to be a very challenging task. This thesis seeks to develop estimation and compensation algorithms that can achieve synchronization and enable cooperative communication for both decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying networks in the presence of multiple impairments, i.e., unknown channel gains, MTOs, and MCFOs. In the first part of the thesis, a training-based transmission scheme is considered, in which training symbols are transmitted first in order to assist the joint estimation of multiple impairments at the destination node in DF and AF cooperative relaying networks. New transceiver structure at the relays and novel receiver design at the destination are proposed which allow for the decoding of the received signal in the presence of unknown channel gains, MTOs, and MCFOs. Different estimation algorithms, e.g., least squares (LS), expectation conditional maximization (ECM), space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE), and differential evolution (DE), are proposed and analyzed for joint estimation of multiple impairments. In order to compare the estimation accuracy of the proposed estimators, Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for the multi-parameter estimation are derived. Next, in order to detect the signal from multiple relays in the presence of multiple impairments, novel optimal and sub-optimal minimum mean-square er-
Generality and Legibility in Mobile Manipulation Learning Skills for Routine Tasks

This article investigates methods for achieving more general manipulation capabilities for mobile manipulation platforms, which produce legible behavior in human living environments. To achieve generality and legibility, we combine two control mechanisms. First of all, experienceand observation-based learning of skills is applied to routine tasks, so that the repetitive and stereotypical character of everyday activity is exploited. Second, we use planning, reasoning, and search for novel tasks which have no stereotypical solution. We apply these ideas to the learning and use of action-related places, to the model-based visual recognition and localization of objects, and the learning and application of reaching strategies and motions from humans. We demonstrate the integration of these mechanisms into a single low-level control system for autonomous manipulation platforms.
Contingency management adapted for African-American adolescents with obesity enhances youth weight loss with caregiver participation: a multiple baseline pilot study

Abstract Background: Contingency management (CM) interventions, which use operant conditioning principles to encourage completion of target behavioral goals, may be useful for improving adherence to behavioral skills training (BST). Research-to-date has yet to explore CM for weight loss in minority adolescents. Objective: To examine the effects of CM in improving adolescent weight loss when added to BST. Design: The study utilized an innovative experimental design that builds upon multiple baseline approaches as recommended by the National Institutes of Health. Participants/setting: Six obese African-American youth and their primary caregivers living in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Intervention: Adolescents received between 4 and 12 weeks of BST during a baseline period and subsequently received CM targeting weight loss. Main outcome measures: Youth weight. Statistical analysis performed: Linear mixed effects modeling was used in the analysis. Results: CM did not directly affect adolescent weight loss above that of BST (p=0.053). However, when caregivers were involved in CM session treatment, contingency management had a positive effect on adolescent weight loss. The estimated weight loss due to CM when caregivers also attended was 0.66 kg/week (p<0.001, [95% CI; –1.96, –0.97]) relative to the baseline trajectory. Conclusion: This study demonstrates application of a novel experimental approach to intervention development and demonstrated the importance of parent involvement when delivering contingency management for minority youth weight loss. Lessons learned from contingency management program implementation are also discussed in order to inform practice.
Evolutionary development of the neurocranium in Dissorophoidea (Tetrapoda: Temnospondyli), an integrative approach

SUMMARY Ontogenetic data can play a prominent role in addressing questions in tetrapod evolution, but such evidence from the fossil record is often incompletely considered because it is limited to initiation of ossification, or allometric changes with increasing size. In the present study, specimens of a new species of an archaic amphibian (280 Myr old), Acheloma n. sp. , a member of the temnospondyl superfamily Dissorophoidea and the sister group to Amphibamidae, which is thought to include at least two of our modern amphibian clades, anurans and caudatans (Batrachia), provides us with new developmental data. We identify five ontogenetic events, enabling us to construct a partial ontogenetic trajectory (integration of developmental and transformation sequence data) related to the relative timing of completion of neurocranial structures. Comparison of the adult amphibamid morphology with this partial ontogeny identifies a heterochronic event that occurred within the neurocranium at some point in time between the two taxa, which is consistent with the predictions of miniaturization in amphibamids, providing the first insights into the influence of miniaturization on the neurocranium in a fossil tetrapod group. This study refines hypotheses of large‐scale evolutionary trends within Dissorophoidea that may have facilitated the radiation of amphibamids and, projected forward, the origin of the generalized batrachian skull. Most importantly, this study highlights the importance of integrating developmental and transformation sequence data, instead of onset of ossification alone, into investigations of major events in tetrapod evolution using evidence provided by the fossil record, and highlights the value of even highly incomplete growth series comprised of relatively late‐stage individuals.
A probability-based approach for measuring external attributes of software artifacts

The quantification of so-called external software attributes, which are the product qualities with real relevance for developers and users, has often been problematic. This paper introduces a proposal for quantifying external software attributes in a unified way. The basic idea is that external software attributes can be quantified by means of probabilities. As a consequence, external software attributes can be estimated via probabilistic models, and not directly measured via software measures. This paper discusses the reasons underlying the proposals and shows the pitfalls related to using measures for external software attributes. We also show that the theoretical bases for our approach can be found in so-called “probability representations,” a part of Measurement Theory that has not yet been used in Software Engineering Measurement. By taking the definition and estimation of reliability as reference, we show that other external software attributes can be defined and modeled by a probability-based approach.
Automated synthesis of composite BPEL4WS Web services

In this paper we propose a technique for the automated synthesis of new composite Web services. Given a set of abstract BPEL4WS descriptions of component services, and a composition requirement, we automatically generate an executable BPEL4WS process that, once deployed, is able to interact with the components to satisfy the requirement. We implement the proposed approach exploiting efficient synthesis techniques, and experiment with some case studies taken from real world applications and with a parameterized domain. We show that the technique can scale up to cases in, which the manual development of BPEL4WS composite services is not trivial and is time consuming.
Graph-based framework for flexible baseband function splitting and placement in C-RAN

The baseband-up centralization architecture of radio access networks (C-RAN) has recently been proposed to support efficient cooperative communications and reduce deployment and operational costs. However, the massive fronthaul bandwidth required to aggregate baseband samples from remote radio heads (RRHs) to the central office incurs huge fronthauling cost, and existing baseband compression algorithms can hardly solve this issue. In this paper, we propose a graph-based framework to effectively reduce fronthauling cost through properly splitting and placing baseband processing functions in the network. Baseband transceiver structures are represented with directed graphs, in which nodes correspond to baseband functions, and edges to the information flows between functions. By mapping graph weighs to computational and fronthauling costs, we transform the problem of finding the optimum location to place some baseband functions into the problem of finding the optimum clustering scheme for graph nodes. We then solve this problem using a genetic algorithm with customized fitness function and mutation module. Simulation results show that proper splitting and placement schemes can significantly reduce fronthauling cost at the expense of increased computational cost. We also find that cooperative processing structures and stringent delay requirements will increase the possibility of centralized placement.