Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are behavioral interventions for arthritis effective with minorities? Addressing racial and ethnic diversity in disability and rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether research evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for arthritis demonstrates that these interventions are effective with, and appropriately utilized by, minority participants. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of arthritis intervention research from 1997 to 2008. For each article, information was gathered on the percentage of participants who were from different racial/ethnic groups, whether interventions were shown to be effective for minority participants, whether differential attrition analyses were conducted, whether efforts were reported in minority recruitment and retention, and whether attempts were made to make interventions culturally appropriate. RESULTS We identified 25 randomized intervention studies. Of these, only 2 reported on whether the intervention was similarly effective for white and black patients (equal effectiveness was found), and 6 studies reported examining differences in attrition by race (higher attrition in nonwhites was found in 1 study). Most studies did not report the percentage of participants from specific minority groups, and in many studies the percentage of minority participants was small. No studies reported making systematic efforts to assure that interventions were culturally appropriate for minority participants. CONCLUSION Minority patients with arthritis are at risk for higher levels of disability than white patients, but little is known about whether evidence-based interventions for arthritis are effective for culturally diverse patients. In addition, minority patients appear to be underrepresented in intervention research, and too little attention has been paid to minority recruitment and assuring that interventions are culturally appropriate for diverse patients.
Counseling within the Forgiveness Triad: On Forgiving, Receiving Forgiveness, and Self-Forgiveness.

The concept of the forgiveness triad—forgiving others, receiving forgiveness from others, and self-forgiveness—is introduced and discussed. Each aspect is defined, presented as philosophically rational and therefore appropriate within counseling, and described within a psychological framework of how people go about that aspect of forgiveness. The interactions of the triad are described, showing how the counseling process that employs forgiveness strategies may become quite complicated. A counselor's awareness of all 3 aspects of forgiveness may lead to greater clarity in the therapeutic encounter. Implications for the helping professions and for moral development of the client are discussed.
Peakr: simulating solid-state NMR spectra of proteins

MOTIVATION When analyzing solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of proteins, assignment of resonances to nuclei and derivation of restraints for 3D structure calculations are challenging and time-consuming processes. Simulated spectra that have been calculated based on, for example, chemical shift predictions and structural models can be of considerable help. Existing solutions are typically limited in the type of experiment they can consider and difficult to adapt to different settings. RESULTS Here, we present Peakr, a software to simulate solid-state NMR spectra of proteins. It can generate simulated spectra based on numerous common types of internuclear correlations relevant for assignment and structure elucidation, can compare simulated and experimental spectra and produces lists and visualizations useful for analyzing measured spectra. Compared with other solutions, it is fast, versatile and user friendly. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Peakr is maintained under the GPL license and can be accessed at http://www.peakr. org. The source code can be obtained on request from the authors.
Mandated Openness in Public Higher Education: A Field Study of State Sunshine Laws and Institutional Governance

State "sunshine laws," which require citizen access to meetings and records of public higher education institutions, influence virtually every area of campus functioning. Our multistate study of stakeholder perspectives on mandated openness in higher education governance finds that, although there is nearly universal support for the principle of openness, most officials note specific problems in the application of the laws to public colleges and universities and favor legal refinements.
Refractory period of c-reactions

On each trial the presentation of a letter calling either a key-pressing response or abstention (Donders' c-reaction) was followed, after an interstimulus interval (ISI) varying at random over the range 0-700 msec. , by the onset of 1 of 2 lamps calling for the pressure of 1 of 2 keys. The problem was to know if the 2nd reaction would be delayed more after positive than after negative 1st stimuli. Exp. I, where 2 stimuli, 1 positive and 1 negative, were used for the c-reaction, gave ambiguous results. It seemed possible that the instructions and the payoff system had led some Ss to prepare selectively for the positive stimulus. To make this strategy more difficult, 4 stimuli, 2 negative and 2 positive, calling for the choice between 1 of 2 keys, were used for the c-reaction in Exp. II. Each of the 4 Ss had longer delays after the positive 1st stimuli. It was concluded that analysis of the stimulus and execution of the response contribute independent components to the refractory period. Data from the positive trials were found to be in general agreement with a single channel interpretation of refractoriness but not with the strong version assuming no overlap of occupation times, and confirmed earlier suggestions that some residual capacity is still available during the refractory period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1969 American Psychological Association.
Pooling Urine Samples for Ligase Chain Reaction Screening for Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Asymptomatic Women

ABSTRACT The accuracy of pooling urine samples for the detection of genitalChlamydia trachomatis infection by ligase chain reaction (LCR) was examined. A model was also developed to determine the number of samples to be pooled for optimal cost savings at various population prevalences. Estimated costs included technician time, laboratory consumables, and assay costs of testing pooled samples and retesting individual specimens from presumptive positive pools. Estimation of population prevalence based on the pooled LCR results was also applied. After individual urine specimens were processed, 568 specimens were pooled by 4 into 142 pools and another 520 specimens were pooled by 10 into 52 pools. For comparison, all 1,088 urine specimens were tested individually. The sample-to-cut-off ratio was lowered from 1.0 to 0.2 for pooled samples, after a pilot study which tested 148 samples pooled by 4 was conducted. The pooling algorithm was 100% (48 of 48) sensitive when samples were pooled by 4 and 98.4% (61 of 62) sensitive when samples were pooled by 10. Although 2.0% (2 of 99) of the negative pools of 4 and 7.1% (1 of 14) of the negative pools of 10 tested presumptive positive, all samples in these presumptive-positive pools were negative when retested individually, making the pooling algorithm 100% specific. In a population with 8% genital C. trachomatis prevalence, pooling by four would reduce costs by 39%. The model demonstrated that with a lower prevalence of 2%, pooling eight samples would reduce costs by 59%. Pooling urine samples for detection of C. trachomatis by LCR is sensitive, specific, and cost saving compared to testing individual samples.
Social Support and the Wealthy Porcupine: Pain, Social Support, Money, and Culture

Social support and social integration have been major topics of research for social scientists for many decades (e.g., Durkheim, 1897/1997). Social support is generally portrayed as a “good thing,” with numerous researchers providing evidence of both the buffering and direct impacts of support on mental and physiological well-being (e.g., Kraus, Liang, & Gu, 1998; Litwin, 2001) and the ability of support to be a buffer against physical and psychological pain (e.g., Lpez-Martnez, Esteve-Zarazaga & Ramrez-Maestre, 2008). In their target article, Zhou and Gao (this issue) also suggest that social support is an important buffer against pain but argue for a further buffer against both physical and social pain—money—that may be important if social support fails. They cite a number of ingenious experiments for the link between social support, money, and pain, claiming that money and support “complement each other in managing pain” (p. 127), continuing in a tradition of research examining the compensatory dynamics of money and interpersonal support (e.g., Foa & Foa, 1974). In doing so, they raise a number of important questions about pain management, social exclusion, social support, and material resources. In my commentary I focus in particular on their concerns with social support and materialism, aiming to address three aspects of their model: the relationship between social support and money; the connections between money, materialism, and well-being; and the role of culture in moderating the relationship between social support and money. To do this I draw on some of my own work in changing cultures and conduct brief analyses of data from the latest large-scale European Social Survey (ESS). I conclude by suggesting some ideas for further research that might help further elaborate the intriguing model proposed by Zhou and Gao.
An approach to promote social and communication behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders: Robot based intervention

Most autistic people present some difficulties in developing social behavior, living in their own world. This study has the goal to improve the social life of children with autism with a main focus in promoting their social interaction and communication. It is necessary to call for children's attention and enforce their collaboration, where a robot, LEGO MindStorm, behaves as a mediator/promoter of this interaction. A set of experiments designed to share objects and fulfill simple orders, by the 11 years old autistic child at the time of daily routine work and in-game with the robot, are described. The generalization of the acquired skills by the child in new contexts and environments are also tested. Results are described showing the outcomes of the experiments.
Real‐Time Shape Editing using Radial Basis Functions

Current surface-based methods for interactive freeform editing of high resolution 3D models are very powerful, but at the same time require a certain minimum tessellation or sampling quality in order to guarantee sufficient robustness. In contrast to this, space deformation techniques do not depend on the underlying surface representation and hence are affected neither by its complexity nor by its quality aspects. However, while analogously to surfacebased methods high quality deformations can be derived from variational optimization, the major drawback lies in the computation and evaluation, which is considerably more expensive for volumetric space deformations. In this paper we present techniques which allow us to use triharmonic radial basis functions for real-time freeform shape editing. An incremental least-squares method enables us to approximately solve the involved linear systems in a robust and efficient manner and by precomputing a special set of deformation basis functions we are able to significantly reduce the per-frame costs. Moreover, evaluating these linear basis functions on the GPU finally allows us to deform highly complex polygon meshes or point-based models at a rate of 30M vertices or 13M splats per second, respectively.
Semantics of Ranking Queries for Probabilistic Data and Expected Ranks

When dealing with massive quantities of data, top-k queries are a powerful technique for returning only the k most relevant tuples for inspection, based on a scoring function. The problem of efficiently answering such ranking queries has been studied and analyzed extensively within traditional database settings. The importance of the top-k is perhaps even greater in probabilistic databases, where a relation can encode exponentially many possible worlds. There have been several recent attempts to propose definitions and algorithms for ranking queries over probabilistic data. However, these all lack many of the intuitive properties of a top-k over deterministic data. Specifically, we define a number of fundamental properties, including exact-k, containment, unique-rank, value-invariance, and stability, which are all satisfied by ranking queries on certain data. We argue that all these conditions should also be fulfilled by any reasonable definition for ranking uncertain data. Unfortunately, none of the existing definitions is able to achieve this. To remedy this shortcoming, this work proposes an intuitive new approach of expected rank. This uses the well-founded notion of the expected rank of each tuple across all possible worlds as the basis of the ranking. We are able to prove that, in contrast to all existing approaches, the expected rank satisfies all the required properties for a ranking query. We provide efficient solutions to compute this ranking across the major models of uncertain data, such as attribute-level and tuple-level uncertainty. For an uncertain relation of N tuples, the processing cost is O(N logN)—no worse than simply sorting the relation. In settings where there is a high cost for generating each tuple in turn, we provide pruning techniques based on probabilistic tail bounds that can terminate the search early and guarantee that the top-k has been found. Finally, a comprehensive experimental study confirms the effectiveness of our approach.
Social-aware robot navigation in urban environments

In this paper we present a novel robot navigation approach based on the so-called Social Force Model (SFM). First, we construct a graph map with a set of destinations that completely describe the navigation environment. Second, we propose a robot navigation algorithm, called social-aware navigation, which is mainly driven by the social-forces centered at the robot. Third, we use a MCMC Metropolis-Hastings algorithm in order to learn the parameters values of the method. Finally, the validation of the model is accomplished throughout an extensive set of simulations and real-life experiments.
Working with offenders: challenges to the recovery agenda

Recovery approaches are now being developed in forensic as well as general mental health services. These are welcome developments that offer new ways of working with a socially excluded group of patients. However, the theoretical basis of recovery, with its individual humanistic ethos, may struggle to articulate the unique problems of forensic service users. In this article, we describe those problems and propose a ‘third way’ of thinking that bridges the recovery agenda (which looks for the best in people) and the forensic agenda (which must consider the worst in people). We propose using a ‘narrative approach’, which sees the forensic service user’s offence and cruelty as part of their human story. We link this explicitly with the work of Dan McAdams and his concept of the redemption narrative.
Evaluating Contextual Suggestion

As its primary evaluation measure, the TREC 2012 Contextual Suggestion Track used precision@5. Unfortunately, this measure is not ideally suited to the task. The task in this track is dierent from IR systems where precision@5, and similar measures, could more readily be used. Track participants returned travel suggestions that included brief descriptions, where the availability of these descriptions allows users to quickly skip suggestions that are not of interest to them. A user’s reaction to a suggestion could be negative (\dislike"), as well as positive (\like") or neutral, and too many disliked suggestions may cause the user to abandon the results. Neither of these factors are handled appropriately by traditional evaluation methodologies for information retrieval and recommendation. Building on the time-biased gain framework of Smucker and Clarke, which recognizes time as a critical element in user modeling for evaluation, we propose a new evaluation measure that directly accommodates these factors.
The External Consultant and Curriculum Change Strategies.

The general purposes of the study were (1) to identify and quantify specific, observable activities that occur during formally scheduled visits by curriculum consultants; (2) to determine which consultant behaviors were related to successful implementation of curriculum innovations; (3) to provide substantive data documenting the implementation and outcomes of a particular innovation; and (4) to alert change agents who utilize consultant service to some of the problems inherent in developing effective roles for curriculum consultants.
Portfolio: finding relevant functions and their usage

Different studies show that programmers are more interested in finding definitions of functions and their uses than variables, statements, or arbitrary code fragments [30, 29, 31]. Therefore, programmers require support in finding relevant functions and determining how those functions are used. Unfortunately, existing code search engines do not provide enough of this support to developers, thus reducing the effectiveness of code reuse. We provide this support to programmers in a code search system called Portfolio that retrieves and visualizes relevant functions and their usages. We have built Portfolio using a combination of models that address surfing behavior of programmer and sharing Related concepts among functions. We conducted an experiment with 49 professional programmers to compare Portfolio to Google Code Search and Koders using a standard methodology. The results show with strong statistical significance that users find more relevant functions with higher precision with Portfolio than with Google Code Search and Koders.
Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E germline mutation in British men and correlation with prostate cancer risk, tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND A rare recurrent missense variant in HOXB13 (rs138213197/G84E) was recently reported to be associated with hereditary prostate cancer. Population-based studies have established that, since the frequency of this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) varies between geographic regions, the associated proportion of prostate cancer (PrCa) risk contribution is also highly variable by country. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is the largest comprehensive case-control study assessing the prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E variant to date and is the first in the UK population. We genotyped 8652 men diagnosed with PrCa within the UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study (UKGPCS) and 5252 healthy men from the UK ProtecT study. RESULTS HOXB13 G84E was identified in 0.5% of the healthy controls and 1.5% of the PrCa cases, and it was associated with a 2.93-fold increased risk of PrCa [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-4.59; P = 6.27 × 10(-8)]. The risk was even higher among men with family history of PrCa [odds ratio (OR) = 4.53, 95% CI 2.86-7.34; P = 3.1 × 10(-8)] and in young-onset PrCa (diagnosed up to the age of 55 years; OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.98-5.00; P = 6.1 × 10(-7)). There was no significant association between Gleason Score, presenting prostate specific antigen, tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage or NCCN risk group and carrier status. HOXB13 G84E was not associated with overall or cancer-specific survival. We found that the polygenic PrCa risk score (PR score), calculated using the 71 known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PrCa and the HOXB13 G84E variant act multiplicatively on PrCa risk. Based on the estimated prevalence and risk, this rare variant explains ∼1% of the familial risk of PrCa in the UK population. CONCLUSIONS The clinical importance of HOXB13 G84E in PrCa management has not been established. This variant was found to have no effect on prognostic implications but could be used for stratifying screening, by identifying men at high risk. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBERS Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT): NCT02044172. UK GENETIC PROSTATE CANCER STUDY Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Studies (UKGPCS): NCT01737242.
Alterations of Hypoxia-Induced Factor Signaling Pathway Due to Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Suppression in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma: In Vivo and in Vitro Explorations for Clinical Trial

Objectives Before setting into the clinical trial using a combination of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (rapamycin and everolimus) and other anticancer drugs, this study was conducted to confirm the efficacy of the new therapeutic strategy for ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), which targeted mTOR–hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) signal transduction system. Materials and Methods Using the cultured cells of CCA and animal models, alteration of mTOR-HIF cofactors and cell proliferation under the mTOR inhibitor–treated condition were analyzed. Results Mammalian target of rapamycin–HIF cofactors were inhibited dependent on concentration by mTOR inhibitor, resulting in suppression of the cultured CCA proliferation. However, von Hippel-Lindau was up-regulated at the messenger RNA level. In the nude mice with subcutaneously implanted CCA cells, apoptosis and necrosis were detected especially around the center of the tumors in the mTOR inhibitor–treated group more conspicuously than in the nontreated group. In the assessment of combination therapy with other antitumor agents, a combined treatment with mTOR inhibitor and chemotherapeutic agents caused a significant decrease in tumor size compared to the chemotherapeutic agents–only group. Conclusions Treatment by mTOR inhibitor is expected to down-regulate the cell proliferation of the CCA as a new therapeutic strategy.
SHORT: A Simple HOle-Resistant Technique for Reliable Geocasting in Location-Free Wireless Sensor Networks

In general, geocasting is more unlikely to be guaranteed in wireless sensor networks if sensor nodes have no location information. Moreover, environmental holes (e.g., physical obstacle or area without the functionality of communication) significantly cause a low packet delivery ratio. This paper proposes a simple hole-resistant technique, called SHORT, to achieve reliable geocasting in location-free wireless sensor networks (LF-WSNs). Sensor nodes in LF-WSNs are recognized by their direction and hop distance. The proposed SHORT aims to select appropriate candidate forwarders to relay received geocast packets using a forwarding probability, which is derived from nodes' direction and hop distance. With the aid of multiple forwarders, SHORT can efficiently resist environmental holes. Simulation results validate that the proposed SHORT outperforms the simple direction-based forwarding scheme in packet delivery ratio under LF-WSNs with environmental holes.