Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AKT2 Blocks Nucleus Translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (EndoG) While Promoting Caspase Activation during Cardiac Ischemia

The AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) family has been shown to participate in diverse cellular processes, including apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrated that protein kinase B2 (AKT2−/−) mice heart was sensitized to apoptosis in response to ischemic injury. However, little is known about the mechanism and apoptotic signaling pathway. Here, we show that AKT2 inhibition does not affect the development of cardiomyocytes but increases cell death during cardiomyocyte ischemia. Caspase-dependent apoptosis of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway was inactivated in cardiomyocytes with AKT2 inhibition during ischemia, while significant mitochondrial disruption was observed as well as intracytosolic translocation of cytochrome C (Cyto C) together with apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG), both of which are proven to conduct DNA degradation in a range of cell death stimuli. Therefore, mitochondria-dependent cell death was investigated and the results suggested that AIF and EndoG nucleus translocation causes cardiomyocyte DNA degradation during ischemia when AKT2 is blocked. These data are the first to show a previous unrecognized function and mechanism of AKT2 in regulating cardiomyocyte survival during ischemia by inducing a unique mitochondrial-dependent DNA degradation pathway when it is inhibited.
Perspectives: Improving SSH-style Host Authentication with Multi-Path Probing

The popularity of "Trust-on-first-use" (Tofu) authentication, used by SSH and HTTPS with self-signed certificates, demonstrates significant demand for host authentication that is low-cost and simple to deploy. While Tofu-based applications are a clear improvement over completely insecure protocols, they can leave users vulnerable to even simple network attacks. Our system, PERSPECTIVES, thwarts many of these attacks by using a collection of "notary" hosts that observes a server's public key via multiple network vantage points (detecting localized attacks) and keeps a record of the server's key over time (recognizing short-lived attacks). Clients can download these records on-demand and compare them against an unauthenticated key, detecting many common attacks. PERSPECTIVES explores a promising part of the host authentication design space: Trust-on-first-use applications gain significant attack robustness without sacrificing their ease-of-use. We also analyze the security provided by PERSPECTIVES and describe our experience building and deploying a publicly available implementation.
ANALYSIS OF DNA ADDUCTS FROM CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY

ABSTRACT The identification and dosimetry of DNA adducts are cornerstones of research on cancer etiology in experimental animals and humans. DNA adducts can result from exposure to exogenous chemical carcinogens or through reactions with endogenous by-products of oxidative metabolism. An important research need is high throughput methodology for quantification of any and all adducts that are present at trace amounts in DNA derived from target tissues of animals and humans. This review describes some recent progress made through applications of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to structural characterization of unknown DNA adducts and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of target adducts.
Single-Trial Properties of Place Cells in Control and CA1 NMDA Receptor Subunit 1-KO Mice

The NMDA receptor plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and its disruption leads to impaired spatial representation in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, with place cells exhibiting larger place fields (McHugh et al., 1996). Place fields are defined by the spatial and nonspatial inputs of a given place and context, by intrinsic network processes, such as phase precession, but also by the matching of these inputs to a pre-existing spatial representation. Larger place fields may be a consequence of spatially widened firing upon a single crossing of a place field, or of increased variability in place field positions across traversals. We addressed this question by monitoring CA1 place cell activity, with tetrodes, in control and KO mice lacking the NMDA receptor in this region. In individual crossings of the field, we found no difference between genotypes in place field size; the larger, overall place field size turns out to be a consequence of jitter across trials. We suggest that this jitter reflects a deficit in the matching of current spatial inputs to the stored spatial representation of the track. This is supported by the finding that deficits in place field size and spatial information are rescued by extensive exposure of the mouse to the track, which may echo an increased influence of memory retrieval processes in CA3 on firing in CA1.
Easily computable optimum grasps in 2-D and 3-D

We consider the problem of finding optimum force closure grasps of two and three-dimensional objects. Our focus is on grasps which are useful in practice, namely grasps with a small number of fingers, with friction at the contacts. Assuming frictional contact and rounded finger tips-very mild assumptions in practice-we give new upper (and lower) bounds on the number of fingers necessary to achieve force closure grasps of 2-D and 3-D objects. We develop an optimality criterion based on the notion of decoupled wrenches, and use this criterion to derive optimum two and three finger grasps of 2-D objects, and optimum three finger grasps for 2-D objects. We present a simple O(n) algorithm for computing these optimum grasps for convex polygons, a O(n log n) algorithm for nonconvex polygons, and an O(n/sup 3/) algorithm for polyhedra. In studying these optimum grasps, we derive several interesting theoretical results concerning grasp geometry. <<ETX>>
An Evaluation of Recent Old-Age Policy Innovations in South Korea

In 2008, South Korea launched a Basic Old-Age Pension program, which provides income support for the bottom 60% of the population, and a universal Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program. We investigate the effect of both policies on subjective well-being of the elderly. We use panel data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, with the 2006 data representing the “pretreatment” and the 2008 data the “posttreatment” situations. We use regression methods for purposes of inferring program impacts. Our findings suggest that satisfaction with economic status was slightly improved by LTCI alone, and by LTCI and basic old-age pension in combination, depending on the estimator used. We found no policy impacts on satisfaction with health conditions. The benefits provided by the two programs may be insufficient to raise well-being in the population as a whole; alternatively, the outcomes may have been measured too soon after the policies were implemented.
A Solution to the PoplMark Challenge in Isabelle/HOL

We present a solution to the PoplMark challenge designed by Aydemir et al., which has as a goal the formalization of the metatheory of System F<:. The formalization is carried out in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL using an encoding based on de Bruijn indices. We start with a relatively simple formalization covering only the basic features of System F<:, and explain how it can be extended to also cover records and more advanced binding constructs.
Symbolic Modelling in White-Box Model-Based Testing

This paper outlines the development of symbolic modelling in white-box testing technology within the scope of an insertion modelling system (IMS). It implements the symbolic execution of the tested system and generate traces that contain a scenario of system behaviour. The obtained traces were checked for conformance with either a formal model for system specifications or a design model. This technique provides for the possibility of obtaining a good index of code line coverage that is highly recommended in the testing of safety-critical systems.
The Study on the Relationship between Hypercompetition and Organizational Innovation: The Role of Organizational Learning

This paper studies on the formation mechanism of how organizational innovation is established and developed. We built a model including envirnomental change, organizational learning and organizational innovation. Using the empirical study as a sample of 194 enterprises the results of this paper show that (1) the external environment factors have no direct effent on organizational innovation. The main factor of organizational innovation driven is organizational learning. (2) the industry of environmental change on the organizational learning have a significant impact to organizational learning and changes in the macroeconomic environment had no significant effect to organizational learning.
A Fast Kernel for Attributed Graphs

As a fundamental technique for graph analysis, graph kernels have been successfully applied to a wide range of problems. Unfortunately, the high computational complexity of existing graph kernels is limiting their further applications to larger-scale graph datasets. In this paper, we propose a fast graph kernel, the descriptor matching (DM) kernel, for graphs with both categorical and numerical attributes. The computation time of the DM kernel is linear with respect to graph size. On graphs with n nodes and m edges, the kernel computation for two graphs can be done in O(n+m) time. Although there are other linear-time graph kernels, most of them are restricted to graphs with only categorical attributes; their efficiency mainly comes from the sparseness of the feature space resulted from the mutually orthogonal categorical attributes. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world graph datasets show promising performance of DM in both accuracy and efficiency.
HYDRATION IN HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE BINDERS

This paper presents a summary of work in progress on an examination of the hydration chemistry and microstructure of a paste prepared incorporating 58 percent of a typical American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Class F fly ash and a portland cement from United States sources and a paste with the portland cement only. Thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, pore fluid extraction, and scanning electron microscope have been employed to study cement and cement-fly ash pastes cured up to 180 days. High levels of nonevaporable water and removal of alkali ions from pore solutions in pastes cured for 7 to 14 days were found. Etching of fly ash particles and extensive deposition of reaction products at ash/matrix boundaries were evident in scanning electromicrographs. Together, these observations clearly demonstrate extensive participation by the fly ash in hydration and cementation reactions. However, despite the extensive reactivity, up to 180 days, many fly ash particles remain as intact pseudomorphs embedded in the hydrate mass. A model based on siloxane and silaloxane hydrolysis, alkali ion exchange, and precipitation of calcium silicates, aluminates, and aluminosilicates, is proposed to explain the observed processes.
The continuum of care today. After 20 years, what is the status of integration of services?

Dr. Evashwick is dean, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis; and Dr. Aaronson is director, Cochran Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia. T he conceptual framework for a fully integrated continuum of services was first posed more than 20 years ago. (It has been described in Health Progress articles in 1989 and 2000.') "Seamless" integration of the health care service delivery system is beneficial to the client who has complex, chronic needs; essential to the provider who seeks to achieve effective use of resources; and imperative for the payer who hopes to contain costs. Over the past 20 years, Catholic institutions throughout the nation have embarked upon major initiatives to create integrated health care delivery systems that offer a continuum of care to their patients and clients. Where does integration stand now? Do services flow seamlessly for clients? Do providers get paid for an integrated package of services? Do payers pay for a comprehensive service package? In this article, we will examine the status of health care services integration vis-a-vis the continuum of care framework. We will review the rationale for service integration, examine events and trends that have aided or impeded integration, comment on integration's current status, and predict what is likely to happen in the immediate future to a systems approach to health care service delivery for people with complex, chronic conditions.
ATS/LF: A type system for construct- ing proofs as total functional programs

The development of Applied Type System (ATS) [36, 31] stems from an earlier attempt to introduce dependent types into practical programming [38, 37]. While there is already a framework Pure Type System [4] (PTS) that offers a simple and general approach to designing and formalizing type systems, it has been understood that there are some acute problems with PTS that make it difficult to support, especially, in the presence of dependent types various common programming features such as general recursion [10], recursive types [19], effects [17], exceptions [15] and input/output, etc. To address such limitations of PTS, ATS is proposed to allow for designing and formalizing type systems that can readily accommodate common realistic programming features. The key salient feature of ATS lies in a complete separation of the statics, where types are formed and reasoned about, from the dynamics, where programs are constructed and evaluated. With this separation, it is no longer possible for a program to occur in a type as is otherwise allowed in PTS. We have now designed and implemented ATS, a programming language with its type system rooted in ATS. The work we report here is primarily motivated by a need for combining programs with proofs in ATS. Before going into further details, we would like to present an example to clearly illustrate the motivation. In ATS, we can declare a function append (through a form of syntax rather similar to that of Standard ML [20]) in Figure 1. We use list as a type constructor. When applied to a type T and an integer I, list(T, I) forms a type for lists of length I in which each element is of type T . The two list constructors nil and cons are assigned the following
DSS: Distributed SINR-Based Scheduling Algorithm for Multihop Wireless Networks

The problem of developing distributed scheduling algorithms for high throughput in multihop wireless networks has been extensively studied in recent years. The design of a distributed low-complexity scheduling algorithm becomes even more challenging when taking into account a physical interference model, which requires the SINR at a receiver to be checked when making scheduling decisions. To do so, we need to check whether a transmission failure is caused by interference due to simultaneous transmissions from distant nodes. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm under a physical interference model, which is amenable to distributed implementation with 802.11 CSMA technologies. The proposed scheduling algorithm is shown to achieve throughput optimality. We present two variations of the algorithm to enhance the delay performance and to reduce the control overhead, respectively, while retaining throughput optimality.
Differential Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation Patterns in Mouse Lines Selectively Bred for High, Normal or Low Anxiety

There is evidence for a disturbed perception and processing of emotional information in pathological anxiety. Using a rat model of trait anxiety generated by selective breeding, we previously revealed differences in challenge-induced neuronal activation in fear/anxiety-related brain areas between high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety rats. To confirm whether findings generalize to other species, we used the corresponding HAB/LAB mouse model and investigated c-Fos responses to elevated open arm exposure. Moreover, for the first time we included normal anxiety mice (NAB) for comparison. The results confirm that HAB mice show hyperanxious behavior compared to their LAB counterparts, with NAB mice displaying an intermediate anxiety phenotype. Open arm challenge revealed altered c-Fos response in prefrontal-cortical, limbic and hypothalamic areas in HAB mice as compared to LAB mice, and this was similar to the differences observed previously in the HAB/LAB rat lines. In mice, however, additional differential c-Fos response was observed in subregions of the amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, midbrain and pons. Most of these differences were also seen between HAB and NAB mice, indicating that it is predominately the HAB line showing altered neuronal processing. Hypothalamic hypoactivation detected in LAB versus NAB mice may be associated with their low-anxiety/high-novelty-seeking phenotype. The detection of similarly disturbed activation patterns in a key set of anxiety-related brain areas in two independent models reflecting psychopathological states of trait anxiety confirms the notion that the altered brain activation in HAB animals is indeed characteristic of enhanced (pathological) anxiety, providing information for potential targets of therapeutic intervention.
CMOS-micromachined, Two-dimenisional Transistor Arrays for Neural Recording and Stimulation

In-plane microelectrode arrays have proven to be useful tools for studying the connectivities and the functions of neural tissues. However, seldom microelectrode arrays are monolithically-integrated with signal-processing circuits, without which the maximum number of electrodes is limited by the compromise with routing complexity and interferences. This paper proposes a CMOS-compatible, two-dimensional array of oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors(OSFETs), capable of both recording and stimulating neuronal activities. The fabrication of the OSFETs not only requires simply die- level, post-CMOS micromachining process, but also retains metal layers for monolithic integration with signal-processing circuits. A CMOS microsystem containing the OSFET arrays and gain-programmable recording circuits has been fabricated and tested. The preliminary testing results are presented and discussed.
Block-sparse compressive sensing based multi-user and signal detection for generalized spatial modulation in NOMA

The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology has been proposed and regarded as one of the potential promising technologies for the future 5G network. The extension of generalized spatial modulation multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to NOMA system improves both the spectral and energy efficiencies of the system, while maintaining the massive connectivity and low latency advantages, but it puts forward challenges for the multi-user and signal detection as well. In this paper, we propose a joint user activity and signal detection scheme based on the block-sparse compressive sensing (BS-CS) method in the uplink NOMA system, in which the generalized spatial modulation MIMO technology is used. By exploiting the structure and sparsity of the multi-user generalized spatial modulation signals, we formulate the detection problem into a block-sparse recovery problem. Then a BS-CS based detection algorithm, enhanced structured block-sparse compressive sampling matching pursuit (ESB-CoSaMP), is proposed to detect the active users and transmitted data efficiently. Moreover, the information of active antennas at each user is exploited in ESB-CoSaMP to further improve the accuracy. Simulations show that the proposed detection scheme outperforms the conventional CS and BS-CS based schemes.
Using statistical parsing to detect agrammatic aphasia

Agrammatic aphasia is a serious language impairment which can occur after a stroke or traumatic brain injury. We present an automatic method for analyzing aphasic speech using surface level parse features and context-free grammar production rules. Examining these features individually, we show that we can uncover many of the same characteristics of agrammatic language that have been reported in studies using manual analysis. When taken together, these parse features can be used to train a classifier to accurately predict whether or not an individual has aphasia. Furthermore, we find that the parse features can lead to higher classification accuracies than traditional measures of syntactic complexity. Finally, we find that a minimal amount of pre-processing can lead to better results than using either the raw data or highly processed data.
Parity properties of an advection-dominated solar $\alpha^2\Om$-dynamo

We have developed a high-precision code which solves the kinematic dynamo problem both for given rotation law and meridional flow in the case of a low eddy diffusivity of the order of $10^{11}$ cm$^2$/s known from the sunspot decay. All our models work with an \alf-effect which is positive (negative) in the northern (southern) hemisphere. It is concentrated in radial layers located either at the top or at the bottom of the convection zone. We have also considered an \alf-effect uniformly distributed in all the convection zone. In the present paper the main attention is focused on i) the parity of the solution, ii) the form of the butterfly diagram and iii) the phase relation of the resulting field components. If the helioseismologically derived internal solar rotation law is considered, a model without meridional flow of high magnetic Reynolds number (corresponding to low eddy diffusivity) fails in all the three issues in comparison with the observations. However, a meridional flow with equatorial drift at the bottom of the convection zone of few meters by second can indeed enforce the equatorward migration of the toroidal magnetic field belts similar to the observed butterfly diagram but, the solution has only a dipolar parity if the (positive) \alf-effect is located at the base of the convection zone rather than at the top. We can, therefore, confirm the main results of a similar study by Dikpati & Gilman (2001).
An Implementation of Data Pre-Processing for Small Dataset

re-processing in data mining played essential role for enhancing data quality. The basic concept behind is that, learning with accurate and high quality data may provide more efficient classification results as compared to learning with poor quality of data. In this presented paper a pre- processing technique is implemented with slight modification which is based on the technique given in (1). In this paper a promising approach of data pre-processing is provided which utilizes a fuzzy technique in order to improve the data quality. The implementation of available technique is performed using MATLAB. Additionally, the improved fuzzy technique is also implemented with it. The results demonstrate the effectiveness in classification accuracy after implementation of both techniques. Finally, the obtained results favour the proposed model for enhancing the performance of classifiers in both manners supervised and unsupervised manner. Keywords—data mining,pre-processing, data quality enhancement, classification, performance improvement