Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Strains of Salmonella enteritidis with Differing Levels of Virulence by an In Vitro Glass Adherence Test

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was the in vitro differentiation of isolates of Salmonella enteritidis whose virulences differed in a chick model. A total of 14 strains of S. enteritidis were isolated from either the environment, dairy products, or infected patients. The isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of their virulence (50% lethal dose) in chickens infected intraperitoneally. When the strains were incubated in adherence test medium (Spanish patent 9700408), only the virulent strains produced aggregates and formed visible filaments attached to the glass tube. These results suggest, although for a limited number of strains, that aggregation in such a medium could be used as a diagnostic tool to discriminate virulent strains of S. enteritidis.
LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Liquid- Liquid Extraction Columns

The population balance equation finds many applications in modelling poly-dispersed systems arising in many engineering applications such as aerosols dynamics, crystallization, precipitation, granulation, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, combustion processes and microbial systems. The population balance lays down a modern approach for modelling the complex discrete behaviour of such systems. Due to the industrial importance of liquid-liquid extraction columns for the separation of many chemicals that are not amenable for separation by distillation, a Windows based program called LLECMOD is developed. Due to the multivariate nature of the population of droplets in liquid -liquid extraction columns (with respect to size and solute concentration), a spatially distributed population balance equation is developed. The basis of LLECMOD depends on modern numerical algorithms that couples the computational fluid dynamics and population balances. To avoid the solution of the momentum balance equations (for the continuous and discrete phases), experimen- tal correlations are used for the estimation of the turbulent energy dissipation and the slip velocities of the moving droplets along with interaction frequencies of breakage and coalescence. The design of LLECMOD is flexible in such a way that allows the user to define droplet terminal velocity, energy dissipation, axial dispersion, breakage and coalescence frequen- cies and the other internal geometrical details of the column. The user input dialog makes the LLECMOD a user-friendly program that enables the user to select the simulation parameters and functions easily. The program is reinforced by a pa- rameter estimation package for the droplet coalescence models. The scale-up and simulation of agitated extraction col- umns based on the populations balanced model leads to the main application of the simulation tool.
Role of Retrospective Forecasts of GCMs Forced with Persisted SST Anomalies in Operational Streamflow Forecasts Development

Abstract Seasonal streamflow forecasts contingent on climate information are essential for water resources planning and management as well as for setting up contingency measures during extreme years. In this study, operational streamflow forecasts are developed for a reservoir system in the Philippines using ECHAM4.5 precipitation forecasts (EPF) obtained using persisted sea surface temperature (SST) scenarios. Diagnostic analyses on SST conditions show that the tropical SSTs influence the streamflow during extreme years, whereas the local SSTs (0°–25°N, 115°–130°E) account for streamflow variability during normal years. Given that the EPF, local, and tropical SST conditions are spatially correlated, principal components regression (PCR) is employed to downscale the GCM-predicted precipitation fields and SST anomalies to monthly streamflow forecasts and to update them every month within the season using the updated EPF and SST conditions. These updated forecasts improve the prediction of monthly streamflo.
Who Matters? Finding Network Ties Using Earthquakes

While social network data can provide a rich history of personal behavior and interpersonal interactions, it is often unclear how high quality data maps onto “real” social constructs. Deep trace data (e.g. emails, cell phone logs) provides thorough measurement, but cannot often identify important aspects of behavior: [3] is a person emailing their friend, their spouse, their colleague? Because the content of such relationships can be of extreme importance to social theory [4], researchers have looked for ways to identify such ties in the absence of true data, often relying on tie weighting. Using a trace dataset that allows for the identification of close relationships, we attempted to uncover network characteristics that predict close relationships, as well as to quantify the granularity of network data necessary to be able to perform this prediction reliably. The attempt was not successful. We attempted to predict the presence of two kinds of close relationships using support vector machines (SVMs) and logistic regression in networks. Optimal prediction models failed to predict any important relationships in the test set. That is to say, though models were occasionally able to separate unimportant ties from important ties during training, they predicted that all test ties were unimportant to the focal ego. These results are naturally disappointing – they suggest that standard network measures of tie importance are incredibly coarse for the kind of social science conducted on trace data. The conclusion of the paper discusses various flaws of the approach we took here, suggesting ways to improve this analysis in a way that might confirm the intutitions behind network measures. Nevertheless, our results appear to be disappointing for researchers who wish to rely on trace data as a high quality measure of social life.
ANALYSIS THE SPEED CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR DRIVE USING SENSORS MS

Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is one of the best electrical drives that have increasing popularity, due to their high efficiency, reliability, good dynamic response and very low maintenance.Due to the increasing demand for compact & reliable motors and the evolution of low cost power semiconductor switches and permanent magnet (PM) materials, brushless DC motors become popular in every application from home appliances to aerospace industry. The conventional techniques for controlling the stator phase current in a brushless DC drive are practically effective in low speed and cannot reduce the commutation torque ripple in high speed range. This paper presents the PI controller for speed control of BLDC motor. The output of the PI controllers is summed and is given as the input to the current controller. The mathematical modeling of BLDC motor is also presented. The BLDC motor is fed from the inverter where the rotor position and current controller is the input. The complete mathematical model of the proposed drive system is developed and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The operation principle of using component is analysed and the simulation results are presented in this to verify the theoretical analysis.
‘I don’t engage’: Online communication and social media use among New Zealand journalists

Social media, comment threads, and other means of online communication are important to journalists’ work processes, but expand their workload and pose challenges to their professional identity. The concept of ‘engagement’ is used by news workers in New Zealand to describe the role of digitally mediated communication in their work. Engagement deserves scholarly treatment akin to concepts such as ‘participatory journalism’ because it is employed by journalists to place professional and practical limits on online interaction. Their decisions about engagement are based on professional commitments, past experiences, and the allocation of time and resources. Journalists in newsrooms that are already understaffed and under-resourced are expected to take on new tasks; like other digital laborers, journalists experience the interpenetration of work and leisure and the incorporation of affective and unpaid work. News workers have an opportunity to develop best practices for engagement and determine how and when they should engage online.
Biodegradable Polymers Induce CD54 on THP-1 Cells in Skin Sensitization Test

Currently, nonanimal methods of skin sensitization testing for various chemicals, biodegradable polymers, and biomaterials are being developed in the hope of eliminating the use of animals. The human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) is a skin sensitization assessment that mimics the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are specialized antigen-presenting cells, and they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate immune responses. Phenotypic changes in DCs, such as the production of CD86 and CD54 and internalization of MHC class II molecules, have become focal points of the skin sensitization test. In this study, we used h-CLAT to assess the effects of biodegradable polymers. The results showed that several biodegradable polymers increased the expression of CD54, and the relative skin sensitizing abilities of biodegradable polymers were PLLG (75 : 25) < PLLC (40 : 60) < PLGA (50 : 50) < PCG (50 : 50). These results may contribute to the creation of new guidelines for the use of biodegradable polymers in scaffolds or allergenic hazards.
A Note On Syntactic Characterization of Incomplete Information in ATEL

It has been argued that the class of semantic structures of Alternating-time Temporal Epistemic Logic (ATEL) are too general and should be restricted in order to properly integrate the semantics of epistemic logic and Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL). One of the semantic restrictions is that an agent should have the same choices, or actions, available in indiscernible states. van der Hoek and Wooldridge [10] present a syntactic property claimed to be given by the semantic restriction. This paper points out that the claim does not hold; the semantic restriction is in fact neither sufficient nor necessary for the suggested syntactic property. Furthermore, the difficulty of expressing such local properties of agents seems to be due to a fundamental limit of the expressiveness of ATEL. A redefinition of the ATEL semantics in order to be able to express such properties is briefly discussed.
Recognition of 3-D objects in multiple statuses based on Markov random field models

A general framework is presented to realize 3D object recognition, invariant to object scaling, deformation, rotation, occlusion, and viewpoint change. This framework utilizes densely sampled grids, with different resolutions, to represent the local information of the input image. A Markov random field (MRF) model is then created to model the geometric distribution of the object key nodes. Flexible matching, which is aimed at finding the accurate correspondence map between the key points of two images, is performed by combining the local similarities and the geometric relations together using the highest confidence first (HCF) method. Afterwards, a global similarity is calculated for object recognition. Experimental results on the Coil-100 object database are presented. The excellent recognition rates achieved in all the experiments indicate that our approach is well-suited for appearance-based recognition.
On almost sure stability of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems

In this paper, we study the almost sure stability of discrete-time jump linear systems with a finite-state Markov form process. New sufficient conditions for almost sure stability are derived via the definition of a lifted representation of the Markov chain. These conditions depend on an integer parameter m, the length of the lifting horizon. It is shown that, if the system is exponentially almost sure stable, there exists a finite m such that the new criterion is satisfied. Since for large values of m the exact evaluation of the condition may become computationally prohibitive, an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm is worked out.
Kindergarten Teachers' Perceived Psychological Well-being and Collaborative Culture of Kindergartens

본 연구는 유치원 교사의 개인. 기관변인에 따른 심리적 안녕감과 협동적 조직문화 인식을 알아보고, 심리적 안녕감과 협동적 조직문화의 관계를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 결과 는 첫째, 유치원 교사가 인식하는 심리적 안녕감은 교사의 연령이 높을수록 자율성과 삶의 목적이 높고, 기혼일수록 심리적 안녕감 전체와 자율성, 환경 통제력, 자기수용이 높으며, 대 학원재학 이상일수록 자율성이 높았다. 4학급 이상 6학급 이하 규모의 기관 교사일수록 환경 통제력과 긍정적 대인관계가 높았다. 근무시간이 짧을수록 심리적 안녕감 전체와 환경 통제 력, 자기수용이 높았으며, 월급여가 많은 교사가 자율성이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 유치원 교사 가 인식하는 협동적 조직문화는 35세 이상일수록, 기혼일수록, 교직경력이 6년 이상일수록 동 료적 지원에 대한 인식이 높고, 교육정도가 높을수록 협동적 조직문화 전체와 모든 하위요인 에 대한 인식이 높았다. 또한 근무하는 기관의 규모가 작을수록, 근무시간이 짧을수록 협동적 조직문화 전체와 협동적 지도성, 전문성 개발, 목적 일치성, 동료적 지원을 높게 인식하였다. 반면, 사립 유치원 교사일수록, 월급여가 150만원 미만일수록 근무하는 기관의 협동적 조직문 화와 모든 하위요인에 대해 낮은 인식을 보였다. 셋째, 유치원 교사가 인식하는 심리적 안녕 감과 협동적 조직문화는 정적 상관을 나타냈다.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Iron on Citrate-producing Yeast Growing on Different Substrates

Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms for citric acid production by different yeast. It is suggested the important role of iron ions in this process; iron is the integral component of many metalloenzymes; such as aconitate-hydratase, catalase, peroxidases and components of mitochondrial electron transfer chain. The response of citric acid metabolism to different iron concentrations was studied with ethanol- and glucose-grown yeast; the emphasis was focused on the physiological parameters of yeast growth and citric acid production. The effect of iron on citric acid production by yeasts has been shown to appear in a variable profile when grown on different carbon sources – glucose and ethanol. It was shown, that increased iron promoted growth on the medium containing glucose; but citric acid production decreased with an increase in iron concentration. As contrast, yeast grown on ethanol required the sufficient iron supplementation for citric acid production. The enzyme activities of yeast at different iron concentrations were studied in order to elucidate the role of iron ions in citrate metabolism.
PMACO: A pheromone-mutation based ant colony optimization for traveling salesman problem

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular routing problem, which is a sub-problem of many application domains such as transportation, network communication, vehicle routing and integrated circuits designs. Among many approaches which have been proposed for TSP so far, evolutionary algorithms effectively applied to solve it, and attempt to avoid trapping in local minima. In this paper, a hybrid approach (named PMACO) is proposed for TSP, which is based on ant colony optimization (ACO) and the mutation operators in genetic algorithm (GA). In this manner, in the each iteration a hybrid mutation scheme is applied to search the neighborhood area of the solution corresponding with the two best ants (the best current ant, and the total best ant found so far). The population is divided to two parts: the first is regenerated according to the pheromone rule in ACO, and the last is generated by applying the proposed hybrid mutation scheme. Also in this paper, the initial population was not considered randomly; it was generated according to nearest neighborhood rule, which force the ants toward better solutions, and leads to reduce the running time. Finally, we compared the performance of PMACO, with ACO and GA separately. For each algorithm, the various parameters and operators were tested, and the bests were chosen to tune that. Experimental results were carried out on benchmarks from the TSPLIB for validation.
Planning , Training and Guidance for Minimally Invasive Surgery

Surgical planning is highly related with the special clinical case. Thus I take the MIRCAB planning [1] for example 1. MIRCAB stands for Minimally invasive robotic coronary artery bypass. The system (Figure 2) displays 3-D thorax images of a patient in a user-interactive environment. Sur∗Graduate student of Image Guided Surgery and Therapy lab at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Homepage: www.se. sjtu.edu. cn/igst/homepage/zst This planning system is inherited from Professor Gu (my advisor)’s previous work in the Robotics Lab of the University of Western Ontario.
Preschoolers' Attention to Print During Shared Book Reading

Seventy-six children ages 3 to 5 were individually read two storybooks that had been specially formatted to contain salient printed words within the text, and illustrations and text on left or right-facing pages. The reader pointed to each word while reading to half of the children. After each book, children were asked to recognize elements of the illustrations and the specially formatted text elements from among a set of foils. Videotaped sessions were coded for the time children spent looking toward the pages with print versus illustrations. Analyses showed that the percentage of time looking at print was less than 2% in the no-pointing condition but increased with age. Pointing to the words increased print-looking time for all age groups and print target recognition for 4-year-olds. After controlling for receptive vocabulary, visual memory, and maturation associated with these scores, emergent orthography and letter-word identification predicted time looking at print and recognition of the print elements.
Institutions and Business Strategies in Emerging Economies: A Study of Entry Mode Choice

Economic institutions set a framework within which businesses develop their strategies. Variations in institutions thus explain differences in the organizational forms. This applies in particular in emerging economies with institutional frameworks differ not only fundamentally from industrialized economies, but also vary greatly amongst each other. We investigate the impact of institutional variations on business strategies by analyzing the adaptation of outsides, namely foreign investors, to local contexts. We focus on their choice between joint venture, acquisition or greenfield as mode of entry. These modes differ along three dimensions, namely access to local resources, control and benefits of a new start. We theoretically analyse the impact of contextual variations on firm’s decisions, and on that basis estimate entry mode determinants on new enterprise level dataset for four emerging economies. As predicted, we find that institutional development reduces preferences for joint venture entry, and higher stages facilitates acquisition entry. Moreover, local resource needs increase the likelihood of JVs if these resources are tangible, and acquisitions if they are intangible.
Dynamic Problem Decomposition in Configuration

In this work, we show how the decomposition of a problem into a set of simpler and independent subproblems can be applied to automatic configuration. In particular, we describe a dynamic decomposition technique exploiting the compositional structure of complex objects. We show experimentally that such a decomposition can give greater improvements in the reduction of the computational effort than a static decomposition technique described in other works.
A Full Diversity, High Rate Space-time Block Coding Scheme

A novel space-time block coding (STBC) scheme for four transmit antennas is proposed based on the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) constellation modulation. The new scheme achieves full diversity full rate. And it also can achieve linear decoding at receiver, so the decoding complexity at receiver is greatly reduced. Because the scheme can achieve full diversity, good performance can be obtained not only at low signal to noise ratio (SNR) but also at high SNR. To improve the code rate further, we proposed a space-time spreading code. The space-time spreading code can achieve higher code rate without performance loss.
Scrutinizing Localized Topology Control in WSN using Rigid Graphs

This paper gives inputs to build up methods and approaches for assessing Localization and Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks, by utilizing Rigid Graphs concepts for rigid formation of WSN deployment graph. A graph theoretical framework of point formations is discussed and then it is related to the WSN rigid formation. Topology Control Protocols are developed to increase the energy efficiency of a resource constrained WSN and provides minimal connectivity making sure of a fault tolerant WSN. As a result, the WSN topologies must be designed in such a manner that with the minimal communication links between the WSN nodes, the necessary tasks have to be fulfilled. The optimal formation of WSN using Rigid Graphs endows with minimal communication links, thereby enhancing energy utilization.
Patterns of Vertebrate Neurogenesis and the Paths of Vertebrate Evolution

Any substantial change in brain size requires a change in the number of neurons and their supporting elements in the brain, which in turn requires an alteration in either the rate, or the duration of neurogenesis. The schedule of neurogenesis is surprisingly stable in mammalian brains, and increases in the duration of neurogenesis have predictable outcomes: late-generated structures become disproportionately large. The olfactory bulb and associated limbic structures may deviate in some species from this general brain enlargement: in the rhesus monkey, reduction of limbic system size appears to be produced by an advance in the onset of terminal neurogenesis in limbic system structures. Not only neurogenesis but also many other features of neural maturation such as process extension and retraction, follow the same schedule with the same predictability. Although the underlying order of event onset remains the same for all of the mammals we have yet studied, changes in overall rate of neural maturation distinguish related subclasses, such as marsupial and placental mammals, and changes in duration of neurodevelopment distinguish species within subclasses. A substantial part of the regularity of event sequence in neurogenesis can be related directly to the two dimensions of the neuraxis in a recently proposed prosomeric segmentation of the forebrain [Rubenstein et al., Science, 266: 578, 1994]. Both the spatial and temporal organization of development have been highly conserved in mammalian brain evolution, showing strong constraint on the types of brain adaptations possible. The neural mechanisms for integrative behaviors may become localized to those locations that have enough plasticity in neuron number to support them.