Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast top-k simple shortest paths discovery in graphs

With the wide applications of large scale graph data such as social networks, the problem of finding the top-k shortest paths attracts increasing attention. This paper focuses on the discovery of the top-k simple shortest paths (paths without loops). The well known algorithm for this problem is due to Yen, and the provided worstcase bound O(kn(m + nlogn)), which comes from O(n) times single-source shortest path discovery for each of k shortest paths, remains unbeaten for 30 years, where n is the number of nodes and m is the number of edges. In this paper, we observe that there are shared sub-paths among O(kn) single-source shortest paths. The basic idea behind our method is to pre-compute the shortest paths to the target node, and utilize them to reduce the discovery cost at running time. Specifically, we transform the original graph by encoding the pre-computed paths, and prove that the shortest path discovered over the transformed graph is equivalent to that in the original graph. Most importantly, the path discovery over the transformed graph can be terminated much earlier than before. In addition, two optimization strategies are presented. One is to reduce the total iteration times for shortest path discovery, and the other is to prune the search space in each iteration with an adaptively-determined threshold. Although the worst-case complexity cannot be lowered, our method is proven to be much more efficient in a general case. The final extensive experimental results (on both real and synthetic graphs) also show that our method offers a significant performance improvement over the existing ones.
Research on stability of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance based on knowledge transfer

The industrial technology innovation strategic alliance is a middle organization made up of two or more technological innovation organizations to enhance their technology innovation ability and competitiveness through mutual support and cooperation in the industry. The common and consistent goal of the alliance is the industry technology advancement. The research on the alliance stability always is one of emphasis research problems which theory researchers and practitioners pay special attention to. In this paper, the author divides the knowledge input into the independent technology innovation knowledge input and the union technology innovation knowledge input from the perspective of the knowledge transfer, and establishes the member benefit function model based on knowledge transfer. On this basis, this paper probes into the alliance stability condition, which will helpful to solve the alliance instability. These research results may provide the theoretical basis and reference value for these enterprises which will prepare to establish or already establish the alliance and seek further development.
On the user scheduling in cognitive radio MIMO networks

The cognitive radio technology allows the design of dynamic spectrum sharing techniques where unlicensed secondary users can use frequency bands owned by license primary holders. Thus, this emerging technology is regarded as the ideal candidate that can enhance the efficiency of spectrum usage for the next generation of wireless communication systems. In this paper, we consider the problem of spectrum sharing and user scheduling in a cognitive radio MIMO system. A secondary network made up of a multi-antenna base station and several secondary receivers share the same frequency bands owned by primary users.We study the scenario where the primary receivers do not allow any interference from the cognitive BS which serves its users in the broadcast channel.Using graph theory, we propose a novel algorithm that finds a near optimal spectrum sharing with the objective of approaching the maximum achievable sum rate of the secondary network. The spectrum sharing problem is formulated as a new vertex coloring problem. We show that this problem is NP-hard and then we design an efficient greedy algorithm using one out of four proposed selection criteria to solve the problem. We also formulate the coloring problem as a binary integer programming problem in order to find the optimal coloring solution. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve near-optimal performances with very low computational complexity.
Cell-Free (RNA) and Cell-Associated (DNA) HIV-1 and Postnatal Transmission through Breastfeeding

Introduction Transmission through breastfeeding remains important for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in resource-limited settings. We quantify the relationship between cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) shedding of HIV-1 virus in breastmilk and the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission in the first 6 months postpartum. Materials and Methods Thirty-six HIV-positive mothers who transmitted HIV-1 by breastfeeding were matched to 36 non-transmitting HIV-1 infected mothers in a case-control study nested in a cohort of HIV-infected women. RNA and DNA were quantified in the same breastmilk sample taken at 6 weeks and 6 months. Cox regression analysis assessed the association between cell-free and cell-associated virus levels and risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission. Results There were higher median levels of cell-free than cell-associated HIV-1 virus (per ml) in breastmilk at 6 weeks and 6 months. Multivariably, adjusting for antenatal CD4 count and maternal plasma viral load, at 6 weeks, each 10-fold increase in cell-free or cell-associated levels (per ml) was significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission but stronger for cell-associated than cell-free levels [2.47 (95% CI 1.33–4.59) vs. aHR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.17–1.96), respectively]. At 6 months, cell-free and cell-associated levels (per ml) in breastmilk remained significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission but was stronger for cell-free than cell-associated levels [aHR 2.53 (95% CI 1.64–3.92) vs. 1.73 (95% CI 0.94–3.19), respectively]. Conclusions The findings suggest that cell-associated virus level (per ml) is more important for early postpartum HIV-1 transmission (at 6 weeks) than cell-free virus. As cell-associated virus levels have been consistently detected in breastmilk despite antiretroviral therapy, this highlights a potential challenge for resource-limited settings to achieve the UNAIDS goal for 2015 of eliminating vertical transmission. More studies would further knowledge on mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission and help develop more effective drugs during lactation.
Nest Grouping Patterns of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Forest-Savannah Mosaic

A topic of major interest in socio-ecology is the comparison of chimpanzees and bonobos' grouping patterns. Numerous studies have highlighted the impact of social and environmental factors on the different evolution in group cohesion seen in these sister species. We are still lacking, however, key information about bonobo social traits across their habitat range, in order to make accurate inter-species comparisons. In this study we investigated bonobo social cohesiveness at nesting sites depending on fruit availability in the forest-savannah mosaic of western Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a bonobo habitat which has received little attention from researchers and is characterized by high food resource variation within years. We collected data on two bonobo communities. Nest counts at nesting sites were used as a proxy for night grouping patterns and were analysed with regard to fruit availability. We also modelled bonobo population density at the site in order to investigate yearly variation. We found that one community density varied across the three years of surveys, suggesting that this bonobo community has significant variability in use of its home range. This finding highlights the importance of forest connectivity, a likely prerequisite for the ability of bonobos to adapt their ranging patterns to fruit availability changes. We found no influence of overall fruit availability on bonobo cohesiveness. Only fruit availability at the nesting sites showed a positive influence, indicating that bonobos favour food ‘hot spots’ as sleeping sites. Our findings have confirmed the results obtained from previous studies carried out in the dense tropical forests of DRC. Nevertheless, in order to clarify the impact of environmental variability on bonobo social cohesiveness, we will need to make direct observations of the apes in the forest-savannah mosaic as well as make comparisons across the entirety of the bonobos' range using systematic methodology.
SAR Ground Moving Target Imaging Algorithm Based on Parametric and Dynamic Sparse Bayesian Learning

In this paper, a novel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground moving target imaging (GMTIm) algorithm is presented within a parametric and dynamic sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework. A new time-frequency representation, which is known as Lv's distribution (LVD), is employed on the moving targets to determine the parametric dictionary used in the SBL framework. To combat the inherent accuracy limitations of the LVD and extrinsic perturbation errors, a dynamical refinement process is further developed and incorporated into the SBL framework to obtain highly focused SAR image of multiple moving targets. An emerging inference technique, which is known as variational Bayesian expectation-maximization, is applied to achieve an efficient Bayesian inference for the focused SAR moving target image. A remarkable advantage of the proposed algorithm is to provide a fully posterior distribution (Bayesian inference) for the SAR moving target image, rather than a poor point estimate used in conventional methods. Because of utilizing high-order statistical information, the error propagation problem is desirably ameliorated in an iterative manner. The perturbations, known as the multiplicative phase error and additive clutter and noise, are both well adjusted for further improving the image quality. Experimental results by using simulated spotlight-SAR data and real Gotcha data have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm over other reported ones.
Introduction to Modern Cryptography

Here, int() changes binary string (bytes) into integer and bin() changes integer to bytes string (binary). The message space is the set of all strings whose length is a positive multiple of n, meaning these are the allowed messages. The first line above indicates that M is broken into n-bit blocks, with M [i] denoting the i-th block and m the number of blocks. (For example if n = 4 and M = 01101011 then M [1] = 0110 and M [2] = 1011 and m = 2.) The ciphertext C is (m + 1)n bits long, with each C[i] being n bits for i = 0, . , m.
Equity and social categorization effects on intergroup allocation of rewards

The effects of equity and social categorization on reward allocation were tested by inserting a veridical input factor into the minimal categorization paradigm unconfounded by any need for inequity prevention. Forty-seven Hong Kong Chinese students divided a monetary reward between two recipients who had contributed unequally to the reward. The more productive recipient was either an in-group or out-group member, or there was no group distinction between them (i.e. non-categorization). Significant main effects of equity (favouritism to the more productive recipient) and social categorization (in-group bias) were found on intergroup allocation, as was the main effect of equity on interpersonal allocation. When the forces of social categorization and equity were in harmony, equity effect was accentuated and nearly all the subjects behaved equitably; when in conflict, equity effect was neutralized and subjects were evenly split into equitable and inequitable allocators. No sex effect was found. The need for integrating equity and social categorization is highlighted.
Latrunculin B or ATP Depletion Induces Cofilin-dependent Translocation of Actin into Nuclei of Mast Cells* 210

Increasing cellular G-actin, using latrunculin B, in either intact or permeabilized rat peritoneal mast cells, caused translocation of both actin and an actin regulatory protein, cofilin, into the nuclei. The effect was not associated with an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells. The major part of the nuclear actin was not stained by rhodamine-phalloidin but could be visualized with an actin antibody, indicating its monomeric or a conformationally distinct state, e.g. cofilin-decorated filaments. Introduction of anti-cofilin into permeabilized cells inhibited nuclear actin accumulation, implying that an active, cofilin-dependent, import exists in this system. Nuclear actin was localized outside the ethidium bromide-stained region, in the extrachromosomal nuclear domain. In permeabilized cells, the appearance of nuclear actin and cofilin was not significantly affected by increasing [Ca2+] and/or adding guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), but was greatly promoted when ATP was withdrawn. Similarly, ATP depletion in intact cells also induced nuclear actin accumulation. In contrast to the effects of latrunculin B, ATP depletion was associated with an increase in cortical F-actin. Our results suggest that the presence of actin in the nucleus may be required for certain stress-induced responses and that cofilin is essential for the nuclear import of actin.
Neural Network Language Model for Chinese Pinyin Input Method Engine

Neural network language models (NNLMs) have been shown to outperform traditional ngram language model. However, too high computational cost of NNLMs becomes the main obstacle of directly integrating it into pinyin IME that normally requires a real-time response. In this paper, an efficient solution is proposed by converting NNLMs into back-off n-gram language models, and we integrate the converted NNLM into pinyin IME. Our experimental results show that the proposed method gives better decoding predictive performance for pinyin IME with satisfied efficiency.
A low complex joint QR based partial ML detection and spatial interference cancellation scheme for coded double STBC-OFDM system

In this paper, we propose a low complexity MIMO detection method for double space-time block (D-STBC) coded OFDM system. The proposed MIMO detector involves two step decoding process to efficiently de-correlate spatially-multiplexed / space-time-coded signals. The proposed MIMO detector collects feedback information from interfering spatial domain. Then, interference cancellation is applied once to reduce latency. A unique QR decomposition with partial maximum likelihood detection scheme is developed to lower computational complexity while performance is significantly improved. From computer simulation results, our scheme in D-STBC OFDM system outperforms previously proposed iterative detectors based on turbo equalization principle.
A framework for coherent emergent stories

Crafting satisfying narratives while preserving player freedom is a longstanding challenge for computer games. The quest structure used by many games allows players to experience content nonlinearly, but risks creating disjointed stories when side quests only minimally integrate with the main story. We propose a ﬂexible, scene-based emergent story system that reacts to the player’s actions while maintaining a reasonable amount of authorial control over the story. Based on the philosophy of story scenes as kernels or satellites, we deﬁne a minimal story graph that initially contains mostly disconnected nodes. Over time, the graph is built dynamically from oﬀered to the player. In this paper, we describe the framework of our system and present an early prototype game as a case study. We end with a vision of how our framework could be used to create more coherent, emergent stories in games.
The relationship of social support, social networks and negative events with depression in patients with coronary artery disease

This study examined the relationship of social relationships and negative life events with major depression among 335 inpatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were free of neurological illnesses. Depression was assessed using the Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule, a structured psychiatric interview which included the Diagnostic Interview Schedule depression sub-scale, two scales for measuring instrumental and self-maintenance activities of daily living, a measure of negative events and four dimensions of social support. Twenty-seven subjects met DSM-IV criteria for major depression. Examination of the bivariate relationships indicated that being younger, having at least one problem with an ADL and/or one IADL, being non-white, experiencing a greater number of negative events, lack of perceived social support and a lack of social interactions were significantly related to an increased likelihood of being depressed. In multivariate analyses depressed subjects were significantly more likely to report a greater number of negative events than non-depressed individuals after adjusting for sociodemographic and ADL measures. A lack of perceived social support and increased number of negative events increased the likelihood of reporting major depressive symptoms among CAD patients. Understanding the causes of depression in CAD patients may have clinical utility in that reduction in depression may lead to a decreased risk of future CAD events.
Mobile remote presence systems for older adults: Acceptance, Benefits, and Concerns

While much of human-robot interaction research focuses upon people interacting with autonomous robots, there is also much to be gained from exploring human interpersonal interaction through robots. The current study focuses on mobile remote presence (MRP) systems as used by a population who could potentially benefit from more social connectivity and communication with remote people - older adults. Communication technologies are important for ensuring safety, independence, and social support for older adults, thereby potentially improving their quality of life and maintaining their independence [24]. However, before such technologies would be accepted and used by older adults, it is critical to understand their perceptions of the benefits, concerns, and adoption criteria for MRP systems. As such, we conducted a needs assessment with twelve volunteer participants (ages 63-88), who were given first-hand experience with both meeting a visitor via the MRP system and driving the MRP system to visit that person. The older adult participants identified benefits such as being able to see and be seen via the MRP system, reducing travel costs and hassles, and reducing social isolation. Among the concerns identified were etiquette of using the MRP, personal privacy, and overuse of the system. Some new use-cases were identified that have not yet been explored in prior work, for example, going to museums, attending live performances, and visiting friends who are hospitalized. The older adults in the current study preferred to operate the MRP themselves, rather than to be visited by others operating the MRP system. More findings are discussed in terms of their implications for design.
Super class AB transconductor with slew-rate enhancement using QFG MOS techniques

A CMOS Super class-AB transconductor using Quasi Floating Gates (QFG) techniques to improve the speed and slew rate is presented. The QFG technique is applied to a static DC current source in the classic class-AB OTA, boosting the bias current for large input voltages. The new proposed OTA consumes the same static power as the traditional OTA, however the chip area is increased by 8.5% due to the extra capacitor required. The class-AB transconductor has been fabricated using a standard 0.5 μm CMOS technology. The circuit consumes 112 μW using a supply voltage of ±0.9 V and a bias current of 5 μA. The fabricated cell requires a die area of 180 μm × 162 μm.
Representation and Recognition of Human Actions - a New Approach based on an Optimal Control Motor Model

We present a novel approach to the problem of representation and recognition of human actions, that uses an optimal control based model to connect the high-level goals of a human subject to the low-level movement trajectories captured by a computer vision system. These models quantify the high-level goals as a performance criterion or cost function which the human sensorimotor system optimizes by picking the control strategy that achieves the best possible performance. We show that the human body can be modeled as a hybrid linear system that can operate in one of several possible modes, where each mode corresponds to a particular highlevel goal or cost function. The problem of action recognition, then is to infer the current mode of the system from observations of the movement trajectory. We demonstrate our approach on 3D visual data of human arm
Towards Large-scale Image Retrieval with a Disk-only Index

Facing ever-growing image databases, the focus of research in content-based image retrieval, where a query image is used to search for those images in a large database that show the same object or scene, has shifted in the last decade. Instead of using local features such as SIFT together with quantization and inverted file indexing schemes, models working with global features and exhaustive search have been proposed to encounter limited main memory and increasing query times. This, however, impairs the capability to find small objects in images with cluttered background. In this paper, we argue, that it is worth reconsidering image retrieval with local features because since then, two crucial ingredients became available: large solid-state disks providing dramatically shorter access times, and more discriminative models enhancing the local features, for example, by encoding their spatial neighborhood using features from convolutional neural networks resulting in way fewer random read memory accesses. We show that properly combining both insights renders it possible to keep the index of the database images on the disk rather than in the main memory which allows even larger databases on today’s hardware. As proof of concept we support our arguments with experiments on established public datasets for large-scale image retrieval.
Tire force estimation of unmanned ground vehicles on off-road terrains for navigation decisions

This paper proposes a method of tire force estimation designed for use in navigation decision making for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) operating on off-road terrains. This method (called the Centroid Method) uses a 3D point cloud representation of the terrain to determine tire-ground interaction, and a linear spring to determine the corresponding tire forces. Simulation results of tire force estimation of the Centroid Method are compared against the experimentally validated MF-Swift model, including on a fractal terrain surface which simulates a rough off-road terrain. The results show that the Centroid Method performs well for longitudinal and vertical tire force estimation especially for lower frequencies up to about 8–21Hz. Although the Centroid Method does not provide the same detail as the advanced tire models such as MF-Swift, it is significantly less complex and simpler to implement for enabling efficient on-board UGV navigation decision making.