Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleoside antibiotics: structure, biological activity, and biosynthesis.

Nucleoside antibiotics are found as diverse groups of secondary metabolites of microbial origin. They include a variety of structural modifications of nucleosides and nucleotides, often leading to intricate molecules. Their biological activities are also wide ranging, including antibacterial, antifungal, antitrypanosomal, antitumor, antiviral, herbicidal, insecticidal, immunostimulating, and often immunosuppressive properties. It is not surprising that nucleoside antibiotics exhibit such diverse biological activities, because nucleosides and nucleotides play pleiotropic roles in most fundamental cellular metabolic pathways such as metabolite carriers, energy donors, secondary messengers, and co factors for various enzymes. Thus, not only nucleic acid synthesis but also protein synthesis, glycan synthesis, and glycoprotein synthesis are targets of nucleoside antibiotics. The protein kinases, key enzymes for cell proliferation and differentiation, also require nucleotides as phosphate donors.
Effectively Changing Pseudonyms for Privacy Protection in VANETs

As a technology to improve safety, efficiency and convenience in transportation, Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs) attract more and more attentions of researchers. VANETs will achieve a series of applications by periodically broadcasting beacons containing vehicular status information such as position, velocity and direction. However, some attackers might also utilize the information to track users’ whereabouts. Therefore, the lack of privacy protection might impede the further success of VANETs in the future. Frequently changing pseudonyms are commonly accepted as a solution to protect privacy in VANETs, but most pseudonym change algorithms are ineffective. This paper proposes a pseudonym change algorithm, called synchronous pseudonym change algorithm, where both simultaneity of changing pseudonyms and vehicular status information are taken into consideration. Simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the effectiveness of changing pseudonyms to protect privacy in VANETs.
Test and analysis of sensitive factors of SSL VPN on Kylin

SSL VPN is virtual private network using Internet Protocol (IP) tunnels to establish temporary, secure, steady end-to-end connectivity to realize the secure encrypted communication between geographically distant networks through a common shared medium such as the Internet. The performance of SSL VPN is affected by many factors ranging from the hardware to the software. Related research has presented that transport protocol and encryption algorithm are the most sensitive factors that affect the performance of SSL VPN. Based on this conclusion, this paper tested and analyzed how the performance of SSL VPN was affected by choosing different transport protocols and encryption algorithms on Kylin OS. In the experiment, two transport protocols (TCP and UDP) and four encryption algorithms (DES-EDE3, IDEA, AES, SCB2) were applied. Assessment task has found that SSL VPN on Kylin produces a lower performance values in high traffic environments for the UDP-based user applications. Meanwhile, SCB2 algorithm has the greatest effect on the throughput of SSL VPN among the algorithms above. Analysis also found that the interaction between the two most sensitive factors has the significant effect on the performance of SSL VPN.
Bodily Expression for Automatic Affect Recognition

This chapter focuses on the why, what, and how of bodily expression analysis for automatic affect recognition. It first asks the question of ‘why bodily expression? ’ and attempts to find answers by reviewing the latest bodily expression perception literature. The chapter then turns its attention to the question of ‘what are the bodily expressions recognized automatically? ’ by providing an overview of the automatic bodily expression recognition literature. The chapter then provides representative answers to how bodily expression analysis can aid affect recognition by describing three case studies: (1) data acquisition and annotation of the first publicly available database of affective face-and-body displays (i.e., the FABO database); (2) a representative approach for affective state recognition from face-and-body display by detecting the space-time interest points in video and using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) for fusion, and (3) a representative approach for explicit detection of the temporal phases (segments) of affective states (start/end of the expression and its subdivision into phases such as neutral, onset, apex, and offset) from bodily expressions. The chapter concludes by summarizing the main challenges faced and discussing how we can advance the state of the art in the field.
High-probability parallel transitive closure algorithms

There is a straightforward algorithm for computing the transitive-closure of an n-node graph in $O(\log ^2 n)$ time on an EREW-PRAM, using $n^3 / \log n$ processors, or indeed with $M(n) / \log n$ processors if serial matrix multiplication in $M(n)$ time can be done. This algorithm is within a log factor of optimal in work (processor-time product), for solving the all-pairs transitive-closure problem for dense graphs. However, this algorithm is far from optimal when either (a) the graph is sparse, or (b) we want to solve the single-source transitive-closure problem. It would be ideal to have an $\mathcal{NC}$ algorithm for transitive-closure that took about e processors for the single-source problem on a graph with n nodes and $e \geqq n$ arcs, or about $en$ processors for the all-pairs problem on the same graph. While an algorithm that good cannot be offered, algorithms with the following performance can be offered. (1) For single-source, $\tilde{O}(n^\varepsilon )$ time with $\tilde O(en^{1 - 2\varepsil.
ChronoTwigger: A Visual Analytics Tool for Understanding Source and Test Co-evolution

Applying visual analytics to large software systems can help users comprehend the wealth of information produced by source repository mining. One concept of interest is the co-evolution of test code with source code, or how source and test files develop together over time. For example, understanding how the testing pace compares to the development pace can help test managers gauge the effectiveness of their testing strategy. A useful concept that has yet to be effectively incorporated into a co-evolution visualization is co-change. Co-change is a quantity that identifies correlations between software artifacts, and we propose using this to organize our visualization in order to enrich the analysis of co-evolution. In this paper, we create, implement, and study an interactive visual analytics tool that displays source and test file changes over time (co-evolution) while grouping files that change together (co-change). Our new technique improves the analyst's ability to infer information about the software development process and its relationship to testing. We discuss the development of our system and the results of a small pilot study with three participants. Our findings show that our visualization can lead to inferences that are not easily made using other techniques alone.
Disparity sensitivity of neurons in monkey extrastriate area MST

We tested the disparity sensitivity of neurons from the medial superior temporal area (MST) in awake behaving monkeys. While the monkey looked at a fixation spot on a screen in front of it, random dot stimuli moved in the preferred direction of the cell under study, and the disparity of the dots made the stimuli appear to move in a frontoparallel plane in front of, on, or behind the screen. Over 90% of the 272 neurons studied were sensitive to the disparity of the visual stimulus. Of those disparity-sensitive cells, 95% were most responsive either to near stimuli (stimuli with crossed disparities appearing to move in front of the screen) or to far stimuli (stimuli with uncrossed disparities appearing to move behind the screen). In a smaller sample of the disparity-sensitive cells, we found cells whose preferred direction of stimulus motion reversed as the disparity of the stimulus reversed. For example, a cell that responded best to rightward motion for near stimuli responded best to leftward motion for far stimuli. We found that 40% of the disparity-sensitive cells had this disparity- dependent direction selectivity. This disparity-dependent direction selectivity was maintained over the entire range of speeds tested (6–56 degrees/sec). We tested whether the disparity sensitivity of the neurons indicated the distance of the stimulus from the screen where the monkey was fixating (relative depth) or the distance of the stimulus from the monkey (absolute depth) by having the monkey fixate at different depths in front of or behind the screen. For most MST neurons, the changes in vergence did not alter the disparity response, indicating that the disparity sensitivity of these neurons conveyed information on depth relative to the plane of fixation. We conclude that the disparity characteristics of cells in the dorsomedial MST are those expected of a system serving primarily coarse rather than fine stereopsis. The correlation between disparity selectivity and direction selectivity in these neurons, as well as their other properties, suggests a role in signaling the direction of self-motion of the observer through the environment.
Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based on Improved Mutual Information with Wikipedia Extend

In view of word sense disambiguation shortcomings of the previous methods, they generally do not consider on word distance for computing semantic correlation of the influence of context, as well as the context is limited for ambiguous word sense disambiguation, and the use of part ambiguous context words make word senses more ambiguous. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of dependency parse tree and rules for feature word selection, then the ambiguous word is mapped to the Wikipedia pages to expand the feature words of the ambiguous word. Feature words expansion of word sense and feature words will eliminate the limitation of context words, by calculating improved mutual information between feature words of ambiguous context words senses and feature word of ambiguous word senses, then finally obtain the most suitable items of ambiguous word with context words in this sentence. Experimental results show that the proposed method compares with the previous method improves the accuracy of Chinese word sense disambiguation of 11.4%, with good scalability and practicality.
Comparing Near-Coincident C- and X-Band SAR Acquisitions of Marine Oil Spills

In this paper, we compare satellite-borne Cand X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for marine oil spill observation. During large-scale oil-on-water exercises in the North Sea, quad-polarization Radarsat-2 (C-band) and dual-polarization TerraSAR-X (X-band) data were acquired with temporal distances of less than 24 min. The objective is to characterize and quantify differences in the Radarsat-2 and TerraSAR-X measurements. Three scene pairs are compared in terms of data quality and signal characteristics, including statistical properties and selected multipolarization (HH, VV) parameters. The signal characteristics are also compared among low-backscatter features of various origin within the individual pairs. No viable argument for selecting one sensor above the other is identified in the data quality study. In the statistical analysis, investigation of logcumulants indicates a larger deviation from Gaussian statistics in the TerraSAR-X data compared with Radarsat-2 measurements. Log-cumulant diagrams are also shown to be a useful tool for discrimination between oil spills and a simulated biogenic slick in both sensors. Multipolarization features show enhanced slick-sea contrasts and a better discrimination between mineral oil spills and other low-backscatter features in Radarsat-2 compared with TerraSAR-X. The presence of a non-Bragg scattering component in the data is revealed for both sensors. The relative contribution of non-Bragg scattering to the total backscatter is found to be higher in the TerraSAR-X data than in the Radarsat-2 data. In general, the non-Bragg component is found to account for a larger part of the backscatter in slick-covered areas compared with clean sea.
Hydrodynamic Interaction of Three Floating Structures

This study will highlight the motion characteristic s of single body and multiple bodies of offshore structures due to t he effect of hydrodynamic interaction by considering the gap dis tance, the presence of number of neighboring structures and th e wave direction headings. In order to analyze the added m ass, radiation damping and motion responses that are developed dur ing the interaction between structures, commercial software ANSYS AQWA is used. The analysis are executed by using 10 0 m diameter of round-shaped FPSO as the reference poin t for a single body where it is compared with two bodies and three bodies by using 70 m diameter round-shaped FPSO and LNG vesse l for gap distance of 25 m and 50 m and wave directions at 00 , 45 , 900, 1350 and 1800 headings. The results show same trend with previous studies and researches in which the motion responses due to the effect from other structures occur signi ficantly on surge and pitch motions compare to heave motion though th ere are small interactions. As for overall, the gap distanc e between structures, the presence of number of neighboring s tructures and the wave directions affect the motions of multiple bodies of offshore structures due to hydrodynamic interaction .
The Media and the Making of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution

While views may differ on the factors that made the 2011 Egyptian revolution possible, the role of mass media will remain undisputable. The Internet-based social networks caught the Mubarak regime by surprise, and the popular disillusionment with the ‘national’ media led the public to turn to private newspapers and satellite channels for keeping pace with the events. This paper examines the role of specific media during the 18 days of the 2011 Egyptian revolution – from 25 January to 11 February, 2011 – which we have divided into four parts. It discusses how these media contributed to the unfolding of events, conceptualized the protests and the demands of the public, and presented the actors that participated in or opposed the revolution. These points are addressed by discussing the content of the Facebook pages of the Sixth of April Movement and We Are All Khalid Said, as well as that of a private Egyptian newspaper, al-Shuruq, and the state-run newspaper al-Ahram.1 1 This paper was presented in the conference Covering the Arab Spring, Middle East in the Media – Media in the Middle East at the University of Copenhagen on 1-2 September, 2011. We would like to thank the conference organizers, Ehab Galal and Riem Spielhaus, as well as the two reviewers of Global Media Journal (German Edition) for their useful comments and suggestions.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by Down-Regulating c-Fos Expression and Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-κB Signal

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major anti-inflammatory compound in green tea, has been shown to suppress osteoclast differentiation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory action of EGCG in osteoclastogenesis and the effect of EGCG on inflammation-mediated bone destruction remain unclear. In this study, we found that EGCG inhibited osteoclast formation induced by osteoclastogenic factors in bone marrow cell-osteoblast cocultures but did not affect the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin induced by osteoclastogenic factors in osteoblasts. We also found that EGCG inhibited osteoclast formation from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus RANKL in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with EGCG significantly inhibited RANKL-induced the gene expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), essential transcription factors for osteoclast development. EGCG suppressed RANKL-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway, among the three well known mitogen-activated protein kinases and also inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit at Ser276 and NF-κB transcriptional activity without affecting the degradation of IκBα and NF-κB DNA-binding in BMMs. The inhibitory effect of EGCG on osteoclast formation was somewhat reversed by retroviral c-Fos overexpression, suggesting that c-Fos is a downstream target for antiosteoclastogenic action of EGCG. In addition, EGCG treatment reduced interleukin-1-induced osteoclast formation and bone destruction in mouse calvarial bone in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that EGCG has an antiosteoclastogenic effect by inhibiting RANKL-induced the activation of JNK/c-Jun and NF-κB pathways, thereby suppressing the gene expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 in osteoclast precursors.
Self‐assessment of Impairment, Impaired Self‐awareness, and Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury

ObjectiveTo identify patient features associated with early and late depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants3 clinical trauma groups (mild TBI, moderate-severe TBI, orthopedic injury) and their significant others. MeasuresPreinjury: age, education, substance abuse, and psychiatric history; Injury severity: classification using Glasgow Coma Scale and cranial CT scan, posttraumatic amnesia; Early impairment: Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI), Impaired Self-Awareness (ISA); Social and family support: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Family Assessment Device; Depression: NFI Depression Scale. MethodRegression analyses of predictor variables on early and late measures of depression. ResultsDepression rates did not differ among the 3 trauma groups. Preinjury level of education, previous psychiatric history, and perceived level of social support explained a small portion of the variance in depressive symptoms. Patients' self-assessment of their impairment at discharge was most strongly correlated with both early and late depression. ISA was associated with reduced self-report of depressive symptoms. However, when those with ISA were excluded from the analysis, self-assessment of impairment remained strongly associated with depression. ConclusionsPatients' self-assessment of impairment is strongly associated with early and late depression. Presence and severity of TBI does not appear to play a direct role in depression but does appear related to ISA, which serves as a barrier to the development of depression. Focusing on impairment appears to be a cardinal feature of depression in both patients with TBI and an orthopedic trauma group.
Shielding during x-ray examination of pediatric female patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip

Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) generally undergo multiple x-ray examinations of both hip joints. During these examinations, the gonads are completely exposed to radiation, unless shielded. Although many types and sizes of gonad shields exist, they often do not provide adequate protection because of size and placement issues; additionally, these shields are frequently omitted for female patients. Our aim was to assess gonad protection during x-ray examination that is provided by gonad shields designed for individual female patients with DDH. We retrospectively retrieved data from the Picture Archiving and Communication System database; pelvic plain x-ray films from 766 females, 18 years old or younger, were included in our analysis. Based on x-ray measurements of the anterior superior iliac spine, we developed a system of gonad shield design that depended on the distance between anterior superior iliac spine markers. We custom-made shields and then examined shielding rates and shielding accuracy before and after these new shields became available. Standard (general-purpose) shields were used before our custom design project was implemented. The shielding rate and shielding accuracy were, respectively, 14.5% and 8.4% before the project was implemented and 72.7% and 32.2% after it was implemented. A shield that is more anatomically correct and available in several different sizes may increase the likelihood of gonad protection during pelvic x-ray examinations.
Renewed Methodologies for Social Research: Ethno-Mimesis as Performative Praxis

This paper focuses upon renewed methodologies for social research in order to explore and re-present the complexity of lived relations in contemporary society. Renewed methodologies can transgress conventional or traditional ways of analysing and representing research data. This paper combines socio-cultural theory; experience (life stories); and practice (exhibition/performance) defined as ethno-mimesis to explore and better understand key themes and issues evolving from ethnographic work with female prostitutes. By focusing upon life history work with women working as prostitutes and by experiencing women's stories represented through live art we can further our understanding of the complexity of sex, sexualities, desire, violence, masculinities and the relevance of the body – the gendered body, the imaginary body, the performative body, the social body – within the context of post modern times, de-traditionalization, and what Stejpan Meštrović calls ‘postemotionalism’ and compassion fatigue. The paper incorporates stills from a video/live art performance, Not all the time … but mostly … performed by Patricia Breatnach, choreographed by Sara Giddens, sound by Darren Bourne and video produced by Tony Judge. The video/live art performance is a response to transcripts of interviews with women working as prostitutes and fuses dance, text, sound and video.
Position-based visual servoing using a coded structured light sensor

In this paper, we address a novel visual servoing technique in unknown environment with untextured objects by means of a structured light vision system. The scene surfaces are assumed to be piece-wise planar, however they are free to move and subjected to some deformations. We firstly present a robust coded pattern which allows a fast decoding and which quickly solves the correspondence problem between visual features. It can handle partial occlusions and it has been designed to navigate inside the human body with articulated endoscopes (C. Albitar et al., 2007) . To cope with object modeling, we consider the case of locally planar deformable surfaces and we propose a position-based visual servoing (PBVS) approach with structured light onboard. Such a pattern is very appropriate as it is very robust wrt occlusions, a well-known problem with PBVS when several visual features may get out of the camera field of view during the experiments.