Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous single-phase system power demonstration using virtual two phase theory

The paper deals with the virtual approach and application of orthogonal transform theory, used for ordinary single-phase system to its transformation into equivalent two-axes system. It is well known that the analysis of multiphase systems can be more simple using the Park/Clarke transform into two-axis stationary (alpha, beta) or rotary (d, q) reference frame. The above transform can be used for electrical machines as well as for power electronic systems. The projection of time state-space vector for any quantity of symmetrical three-phase system in Gauss complex plane (alpha + jbeta) shows out six-side symmetry of vector quantity trajectory. Then, analysis of such system can be focused on the interval equal to 1/6 of the time period only. It is clear that when using similar transform of single-phase quantity into equivalent two-axes orthogonal system it will be possible to use all advantages as in three-phase transformed system with respect of 4-side symmetry instead of 6-side of previous case. Analysis in such orthogonal coordinates system will then be identical to the three-phase one under Park/Clarke transform, including determination of instantaneous reactive power. The presented method creates a virtual two-phase system from the original singlephase system by adding a new fictitious phase. The new thought is based on the idea that ordinary singlephase quantity can be complemented by virtual fictitious phase so that both of them will together create orthogonal system, as is usual in three-phase systems. Application of above-mentioned theory makes it possible to use complex methods of analysis as instantaneous reactive power method. Both, the active and reactive powers can be determined by this way. Practical application of the method is outlined for the case of active and reactive power determination for single-phase power active filter, unified power flow controller, and dynamic voltage restorer, Fig.1 [14], [15], [17] - [19].
Mitochondrial‐targeted active Akt protects SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from staurosporine‐induced apoptotic cell death

Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a vital role in promoting cellular survival. Predominantly cytosolic, upon stimulation with growth‐factors or stress, active Akt translocates into mitochondria, but the functions of Akt in mitochondria are not yet fully understood. Mitochondria play a central role in apoptotic pathways and given Akt's functions in the cytoplasm, Akt in mitochondria may help preserve mitochondrial integrity during cellular stress. To test if the translocation of Akt into mitochondria is neuroprotective, adenoviral vectors expressing a constitutively active Akt, Ad‐HA‐Akt (DD), and a constitutively active Akt with a mitochondrial targeting signal, Ad‐Mito‐HA‐Akt (DD), were generated. Human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the adenoviral constructs were treated with staurosporine to initiate intrinsic apoptotic cell death and several aspects of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were evaluated. Expression of active Akt targeted to mitochondria was found to be sufficient to significantly reduce staurosporine‐induced activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and Bax oligomerization at mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that intramitochondrial active Akt results in efficient protection against apoptotic signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 196–210, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fire Occurrence Probability Mapping of Northeast China With Binary Logistic Regression Model

Fire occurrence probability mapping provides a detailed understanding of the spatial distribution of the fire occurrence probability and it is useful in fire management. The binary logistic regression (BLR) can combine continuous and categorical variables together in the analysis. Here we use BLR analysis to map the fire occurrence probability of Northeast China which has the largest forest area in China. Ten predictor variables including altitude (Alt), slope (Sl), aspect (As), distance to the nearest village (Dv), distance to the nearest path (Dp), distance to the nearest water bodies (Dw), land cover (LC), Fuel Moisture Content (FMC), land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are employed and multi-temporal random sampling methodology is used to create the training subset, and then the training subset is utilized to build the fire occurrence probability spatial model. Here, a backwards stepwise procedure based on the likelihood ratio estimation is used in the model development. Assessed by the area under a relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC-area under curve) procedure, the model's fitness accuracy is 84.2%. The interpretations of the estimated coefficients show that NDVI best explain fire occurrence in the region. Evaluated by the inner testing and independent validation, better reliability and discrimination capacity of the developed spatial model can be concluded from 17 fires among the total 18 fires. Good performance suggests that the developed model is valuable to fire managers or can be directly applied to fire management in Northeast China.
Dispersion-penalty-free transmission over 130-km standard fiber using a 1.55-μm, 10-Gb/s integrated EA/DFB laser with low-extinction ratio and negative chirp

Transmission performance of a 10-Gb/s integrated electroabsorption modulator/DFB laser has been evaluated in terms of the eye margin degradation and the receiver sensitivity penalty caused by the chromatic dispersion in the standard (non-DSF) fiber. Combination of low extinction ratio (/spl epsi/=5 dB) and negative chirp (/spl Delta/v=-0.01 nm) operation allows 10-Gb/s transmission over 130-km standard fiber without any dispersion penalty in receiver sensitivity (for 10/sup -9/ BER) and with a 7% eye margin for 10/sup -15/ BER.
iCacheOS: In-RAN Caches Orchestration Strategy through Content Joint Wireless and Backhaul Routing in Small-Cell Networks

Distributed caching in the radio access network (RAN) has been a common approach for improving QoE per- ceived by mobile users and reducing backhaul traffic load. In this paper, we focus on the problem of cooperative and online searching and routing for content objects cached according to their local popularity in small- cell networks (SCNs), considering practical issues of implementation complexity and content prefer- ence diversity, which is different from prior arts mainly focusing on global content caching optimization with pre-knowledge of content requests and/or mobility pattern of users. We propose an in-RAN caches orchestration strategy (named as iCacheOS), where cooperative content searching and sharing is achieved through content joint wireless and backhaul routing algorithm. Specifically, 1) the in-RAN caches orchestration framework is designed under the software defined networking inspired system architecture consisting of the central orchestrator and in-RAN caches with the local routing function; 2) the content joint wireless and backhaul routing problem is constructed with the objective to minimizing the SCN content transmission delay, which is proved to be a quadratic assignment problem (QAP); 3) to assure high computation efficiency, a joint dimension reduction, Lagrangian relaxation and accelerated branch and bound algorithm is pro- posed. Numerical results reveal that iCacheOS can significantly reduce the content transmission delay and outgoing backhaul traffic load, and is more robust to content preference diversities, in comparison with other strategies.
Role of Electrode Placement as a Contributor to Variability in Cochlear Implant Outcomes

Suboptimal cochlear implant (CI) electrode array placement may reduce presentation of coded information to the central nervous system and, consequently, limit speech recognition. Background: Generally, mean speech reception scores for CI recipients are similar across different CI systems, yet large outcome variation is observed among recipients implanted with the same device. These observations suggest significant recipient-dependent factors influence speech reception performance. This study examines electrode array insertion depth and scalar placement as recipient-dependent factors affecting outcome. Methods: Scalar location and depth of insertion of intracochlear electrodes were measured in 14 patients implanted with Advanced Bionics electrode arrays and whose word recognition scores varied broadly. Electrode position was measured using computed tomographic images of the cochlea and correlated with stable monosyllabic word recognition scores. Results: Electrode placement, primarily in terms of depth of insertion and scala tympani versus scala vestibuli location, varies widely across subjects. Lower outcome scores are associated with greater insertion depth and greater number of contacts being located in scala vestibuli. Three patterns of scalar placement are observed suggesting variability in insertion dynamics arising from surgical technique. Conclusion: A significant portion of variability in word recognition scores across a broad range of performance levels of CI subjects is explained by variability in scalar location and insertion depth of the electrode array. We suggest that this variability in electrode placement can be reduced and average speech reception improved by better selection of cochleostomy sites, revised insertion approaches, and control of insertion depth during surgical placement of the array.
TriPleX: The versatile silicon nitride waveguide platform

The TriPleX technology of LioniX is a versatile dielectric waveguide platform based on alternating silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon oxide (SiO2) layers, fabricated with CMOS compatible equipment. The Low Pressure Chemical Vapour (LPCVD) deposition of Si3N4 and SiO2 allows batch manufacturing with stable material properties allowing full design by geometry and volume production. The waveguides are very low loss over a wide wavelength range (from 405 nm to 2350 nm) allowing applications in a broad field. Waveguide losses as low as 0.1dB/m have been measured. The waveguide platform is mature and functionality is also captured by verified basic building blocks. This allows the TriPleX platform as one of the three main platforms (next to InP and SOI) to offer the corresponding library and associated design kit in Multi Project Wafer (MPW) runs. Advanced building blocks in add-on commercial design kits are also being developed giving the user easy access to more complex photonic designs. Next to “TriPleX only” applications, higher integration levels and hybrid combinations with other commercially available platforms (for instance InP and SOI) is also possible through on-chip, lowloss spotsize convertors. In this hybrid combination the active functionality of for instance the InP platform is combined with the low loss performance of the TriPleX. An example which will be shown is a hybrid combination of InP and TriPleX creating high end narrow band tuneable lasers. Several applications of the TriPleX technology in communications, biomedicine, sensing as well as a few special fields of photonics including non-linear optics, are treated in more detail in the presentation.
Distance distributions of short polypeptides recovered by fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the 10 A domain.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between tryptophan (Trp) as donor and 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2. 2]oct-2-ene (Dbo) as acceptor was studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The unique feature of this FRET pair is its exceptionally short Förster radius (10 A), which allows one to recover distance distributions in very short structureless peptides. The technique was applied to Trp-(GlySer)n-Dbo-NH2 peptides with n = 0-10, for which the average probe/quencher distance ranged between 8.7 and 13.7 A experimentally (in propylene glycol, analysis according to wormlike chain model) and 8.6-10.2 A theoretically (for n = 0-6, GROMOS96 molecular dynamics simulations). The larger FRET efficiency in steady-state compared to time-resolved fluorescence experiments was attributed to a static quenching component, suggesting that a small but significant part (ca. 10%) of the conformations are already in van der Waals contact when excitation occurs.
Phase 1 studies of central memory-derived CD19 CAR T-cell therapy following autologous HSCT in patients with B-cell NHL.

Myeloablative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a mainstay of therapy for relapsed intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, relapse rates are high. In phase 1 studies designed to improve long-term remission rates, we administered adoptive T-cell immunotherapy after HSCT, using ex vivo-expanded autologous central memory-enriched T cells (TCM) transduced with lentivirus expressing CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). We present results from 2 safety/feasibility studies, NHL1 and NHL2, investigating different T-cell populations and CAR constructs. Engineered TCM-derived CD19 CAR T cells were infused 2 days after HSCT at doses of 25 to 200 × 10(6) in a single infusion. In NHL1, 8 patients safely received T-cell products engineered from enriched CD8(+) TCM subsets, expressing a first-generation CD19 CAR containing only the CD3ζ endodomain (CD19R:ζ). Four of 8 patients (50%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16-84%) were progression free at both 1 and 2 years. In NHL2, 8 patients safely received T-cell products engineered from enriched CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCM subsets and expressing a second-generation CD19 CAR containing the CD28 and CD3ζ endodomains (CD19R:28ζ). Six of 8 patients (75%; 95% CI: 35-97%) were progression free at 1 year. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) TCM-derived CD19 CAR T cells (NHL2) exhibited improvement in expansion; however, persistence was ≤28 days, similar to that seen by others using CD28 CARs. Neither cytokine release syndrome nor delayed hematopoietic engraftment was observed in either trial. These data demonstrate the safety and feasibility of CD19 CAR TCM therapy after HSCT. Trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01318317 and #NCT01815749.
Truffles Regulate Plant Root Morphogenesis via the Production of Auxin and Ethylene1[C][W][OA]

Truffles are symbiotic fungi that form ectomycorrhizas with plant roots. Here we present evidence that at an early stage of the interaction, i.e. prior to physical contact, mycelia of the white truffle Tuber borchii and the black truffle Tuber melanopsorum induce alterations in root morphology of the host Cistus incanus and the nonhost Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; i.e. primary root shortening, lateral root formation, root hair stimulation). This was most likely due to the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ethylene by the mycelium. Application of a mixture of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and IAA fully mimicked the root morphology induced by the mycelium for both host and nonhost plants. Application of the single hormones only partially mimicked it. Furthermore, primary root growth was not inhibited in the Arabidopsis auxin transport mutant aux1-7 by truffle metabolites while root branching was less effected in the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein2-LH. The double mutant aux1-7;ein2-LH displayed reduced sensitivity to fungus-induced primary root shortening and branching. In agreement with the signaling nature of truffle metabolites, increased expression of the auxin response reporter DR5∷GFP in Arabidopsis root meristems subjected to the mycelium could be observed, confirming that truffles modify the endogenous hormonal balance of plants. Last, we demonstrate that truffles synthesize ethylene from l-methionine probably through the α-keto-γ-(methylthio)butyric acid pathway. Taken together, these results establish the central role of IAA and ethylene as signal molecules in truffle/plant interactions.
Dinoflagellate mitochondrial genomes: stretching the rules of molecular biology

Mitochondrial genomes represent relict bacterial genomes derived from a progenitor α‐proteobacterium that gave rise to all mitochondria through an ancient endosymbiosis. Evolution has massively reduced these genomes, yet despite relative simplicity their organization and expression has developed considerable novelty throughout eukaryotic evolution. Few organisms have reengineered their mitochondrial genomes as thoroughly as the protist lineage of dinoflagellates. Recent work reveals dinoflagellate mitochondrial genomes as likely the most gene‐impoverished of any free‐living eukaryote, encoding only two to three proteins. The organization and expression of these genomes, however, is far from the simplicity their gene content would suggest. Gene duplication, fragmentation, and scrambling have resulted in an inflated and complex genome organization. Extensive RNA editing then recodes gene transcripts, and trans‐splicing is required to assemble full‐length transcripts for at least one fragmented gene. Even after these processes, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) lack canonical start codons and most transcripts have abandoned stop codons altogether.
NEUTROPHIL INFILTRATION AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN LIVER ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY

To examine the role of neutrophils, their presence and the degree of infiltration, as important determinants of ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 and 90 min of total-liver ischemia. The presence of neutrophils, assessed by the measurement of liver tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the degree of neutrophil liver infiltration, determined by the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase technique, correlated well with animal survival and response to FK506 and cyclosporine administration. Lipid peroxidation, measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) test in liver tissue, was another factor closely linked with liver function and survival. Pretreatment with FK506 (0.3 mg/kg) and CsA (5 mg/kg) was given at 4 hr and 1 hr before ischemia and at the time of reperfusion. Control ischemic animals showed increased neutrophil liver infiltration, high MPO and MDA liver levels, and diminished overall survival. FK506 and CsA-treated animals had better survival and diminished neutrophil liver infiltration, as well as MPO and MDA levels. The mechanism by which FK506 and CsA protected the animals from severe liver ischemic injury is unknown. Our data indicated that the presence and the degree of infiltration of neutrophils were important components of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. So it is possible that one of the fundamental effects of the FK506 and CsA might be through the inhibition of the presence and infiltration of neutrophils in liver tissue.
The role of the actin cytoskeleton in oxytocin and vasopressin release from rat supraoptic nucleus neurons

Magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) can differentially control peptide release from the somato/dendritic and axon terminal compartment. Dendritic release can be selectively regulated through activation of intracellular calcium stores by calcium mobilizers such as thapsigargin (TG), resulting in preparation (priming) of somato/dendritic peptide pools for subsequent activity‐dependent release. As dynamic modulation of the actin cytoskeleton is implicated in secretion from synaptic terminals and from several types of neuroendocrine cells, we studied its involvement in oxytocin and vasopressin release from SON neurons. Confocal image analysis of the somata revealed that the normally continuous cortical band of F‐actin is disrupted after high potassium (K+, 50 mm) or TG (200 nm) stimulation. The functional importance of actin remodelling was studied using cell‐permeable actin polymerizing (jasplakinolide, 2 μm) or depolymerizing agents (latrunculin B, 5 μm) to treat SON and neural lobe (NL) explants in vitro and measure high K+‐induced oxytocin and vasopressin release. Latrunculin significantly enhanced, and jasplakinolide inhibited, high‐K+‐evoked somato/dendritic peptide release, while release from axon terminals was not altered, suggesting that high‐K+‐evoked release in the SON, but not the NL, requires depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. TG‐induced priming of somato/dendritic release was also blocked by jasplakinolide and latrunculin, suggesting that priming involves changes in actin remodelling.
Effects of Age and Acute Moderate Alcohol Administration on Neurophysiology During Simulated Driving.

BACKGROUND Driver age and blood alcohol concentration are both important factors in predicting driving risk; however, little is known regarding the joint import of these factors on neural activity following socially relevant alcohol doses. We examined age and alcohol effects on brain oscillations during simulated driving, focusing on 2 region-specific frequency bands implicated in task performance and attention: parietal alpha power (PAP; 8 to 12 Hz) and frontal theta power (FTP; 4 to 7 Hz). METHODS Participants included 80 younger (aged 25 to 35 years) and 40 older (aged 55 to 70 years) community-dwelling, moderate drinkers. Participants consumed placebo, low, or moderate doses of alcohol designed to achieve target peak breath alcohol concentrations of 0, 0.04, or 0.065 g/dl, respectively. Electrophysiological measures were recorded during engagement in a simulated driving task involving 4 scenarios of varied environmental complexity. RESULTS A main effect of age was detected in FTP, but neither an alcohol effect nor interactions were observed. For PAP, an age-by-alcohol interaction was detected. Relative to placebo controls, older and younger participants receiving low-dose (0.04 g/dl) alcohol evinced divergent PAP alterations, with a pattern of higher power among older participants and lower power among younger participants. This interaction was noted across the varied environmental contexts. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that compared with younger individuals, older drivers may be differentially susceptible to alcohol effects. While these age-by-alcohol interactions in neural activity are provocative, further investigation exploring the mechanisms and behavioral correlates of these effects will be crucial in determining their behavioral impact.
Visually preserving stereoscopic image retargeting using depth carving

Abstract. This paper presents a method for retargeting a pair of stereoscopic images. Previous works have leveraged seam carving and image warping methods for two-dimensional image editing to address this issue. However, they did not consider the full advantages of the properties of stereoscopic images. Our approach offers substantial performance improvements over the state-of-the-art; the key insights driving the approach are that the input image pair can be decomposed into different depth layers according to the disparity and image segmentation, and the depth cues allow us to address the problem in a three-dimensional (3-D) space domain for best preserving objects. We propose depth carving that extends seam carving in a single image to resize the stereo image pair with disparity consistency. Our method minimizes the shape distortion and preserves object boundaries by creating new occlusions. As a result, the retargeted image pair preserves the stereoscopic quality and protects the original 3-D scene structure. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous methods.