Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) generated by a spliced hepatitis B virus RNA participates in abnormality of fibrin formation and functions by binding to fibrinogen γ chain

Hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) encoded by a 2.2 kb singly spliced hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre‐genomic RNA (spliced between positions 2447 and 489 nt) is involved in the pathogenesis of HBV infection, whereas the exact mechanism is far from being fully elucidated. In this study, a yeast two‐hybrid system using HBSP as bait was employed to screen binding partners for HBSP from a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between HBSP and fibrinogen γ chain (FGG) was further confirmed in vitro using a GST pull‐down assay and confirmed in vivo using a mammalian two‐hybrid assay and co‐immunoprecipitation. It was identified that this interaction is mediated by the N terminal 47 amino acid residues of HBSP. HBSP could inhibit fibrin polymerization, factor XIIIa‐mediated fibrin cross‐linking, adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and ADP‐stimulated platelet aggregation. However, the interaction‐mediating fragment 1–47 of HBSP is not sufficient for the inhibitory activity on fibrinogen function. The findings suggested that HBSP may participate in the hemostatic abnormality in patients with HBV‐related liver diseases. J. Med. Virol. 82:2019–2026, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
White Matter Integrity in High-Altitude Pilots Exposed to Hypobaria.

INTRODUCTION Nonhypoxic hypobaric (low atmospheric pressure) occupational exposure, such as experienced by U.S. Air Force U-2 pilots and safety personnel operating inside altitude chambers, is associated with increased subcortical white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this discrete WMH change remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate that occupational exposure to nonhypoxic hypobaria is associated with altered white matter integrity as quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA) measured using diffusion tensor imaging and relate these findings to WMH burden and neurocognitive ability. METHODS There were 102 U-2 pilots and 114 age- and gender-controlled, health-matched controls who underwent magnetic resonance imaging. All pilots performed neurocognitive assessment. Whole-brain and tract-wise average FA values were compared between pilots and controls, followed by comparison within pilots separated into high and low WMH burden groups. Neurocognitive measurements were used to help interpret group difference in FA values. RESULTS Pilots had significantly lower average FA values than controls (0.489/0.500, respectively). Regionally, pilots had higher FA values in the fronto-occipital tract where FA values positively correlated with visual-spatial performance scores (0.603/0.586, respectively). There was a trend for high burden pilots to have lower FA values than low burden pilots. DISCUSSION Nonhypoxic hypobaric exposure is associated with significantly lower average FA in young, healthy U-2 pilots. This suggests that recurrent hypobaric exposure causes diffuse axonal injury in addition to focal white matter changes.McGuire SA, Boone GRE, Sherman PM, Tate DF, Wood JD, Patel B, Eskandar G, Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM, Clarke GD, Grogan PM, Sladky JH, Kochunov PV. White matter integrity in high-altitude pilots exposed to hypobaria. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(12):983-988.
Learning Transfer Automatic through Data Mining in Reinforcement Learning

One of the problems in reinforcement learning is that as the environment becomes more complex, the number of parameters used in decision making increase which leads us to a slow decision making process. The main idea here is to come up with a new algorithm which is able to transfer the information, using data mining techniques in extracting the patterns. We introduce a new algorithm for state transitions and actions which happen during the transfer by the agent are saved as a data set for data mining techniques which is presented Learning With Action Transfer (LAT). The main idea is to use the repeated action in each state, as a pattern in similar states as a means to improve learning speed and performance. The results in our algorithm will be compared to the results in Qlearning algorithm. General Terms Reinforcement learning
Fabrication of Copper/Copper-Nickel thin-film thermoelectric generators with energy storage devices

We demonstrated the fabrication of Cu/Cu-Ni thin-film thermoelectric generators for energy harvest. The thin-film generator consisted of 50 pairs of Cu/Cu-Ni thermocouples. The widths of Cu and Cu-Ni thermoelectric elements were 75 μm and 225 μm, respectively. The length of the both elements was 5 mm. Cu and Cu-Ni thin-films were deposited on polyimide substrates with low thermal conductivity using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method and formed by lift-off techniques. Then, the thin-film generators were coated with polyimide thin films. The generation properties of the fabricated device, which consisted of serially-connected 15 thin-film generators, were evaluated. When the hot side of the device was heated at 203°C using a hot plate as a thermal source, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides was approximately 70°C. The open-circuit voltage and maximum power were 2.18 V and 21 μW, respectively. A commercially-available light emission diode was successfully operated by connecting the device to a capacitor for energy storage.
Model-Based Policy Derivation for Usage Control

Usage control concerns how data is used post-access. In existing work on usage control enforcement, policies are assumed to exist at the implementation-level: their derivation from specification-level policies has not been looked into. The expected behavior of a usage controlled system may therefore differ from the actual behavior. This research fills this gap with a policy derivation framework that uses a model-based refinement of domain-specific abstractions, data and actions, in terms of technical constructs viz. events and states of systems.
Neural Architectures for Fine-grained Entity Type Classification

In this work, we investigate several neural network architectures for fine-grained entity type classification and make three key contributions. Despite being a natural comparison and addition, previous work on attentive neural architectures have not considered hand-crafted features and we combine these with learnt features and establish that they complement each other. Additionally, through quantitative analysis we establish that the attention mechanism learns to attend over syntactic heads and the phrase containing the mention, both of which are known to be strong hand-crafted features for our task. We introduce parameter sharing between labels through a hierarchical encoding method, that in low-dimensional projections show clear clusters for each type hierarchy. Lastly, despite using the same evaluation dataset, the literature frequently compare models trained using different data. We demonstrate that the choice of training data has a drastic impact on performance, which decreases by as much as 9.85% loose micro F1 score for a previously proposed method. Despite this discrepancy, our best model achieves state-of-the-art results with 75.36% loose micro F1 score on the well-established Figer (GOLD) dataset and we report the best results for models trained using publicly available data for the OntoNotes dataset with 64.93% loose micro F1 score.
Recent progress in plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of 2D materials

Plasma represents an important technique for both the synthesis and modification of two-dimensional (2D) materials, owing to the unique plasma-material interactions which can enable effective energy transfer at the nanoscale. Non-equilibrium and non-thermal plasma techniques have been widely applied on various 2D materials, including graphene, silicene, germanene, phosphorene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 and WS2. Here, we review the recent progress in plasma-assisted synthesis and modification (e.g. functionalisation, doping and etching) of 2D materials and discuss the potential applications of this unique branch of 2D materials. Challenges and future research opportunities in the relevant research field are also discussed. The primary aim of this Review is to provide a better understanding of the plasma-assisted processes and to promote the utilization of 2D materials for advanced electronic, optoelectronic, sensing and energy storage applications.
Surface engineering of IN-718 by low-temperature carburisation: properties and thermal stability

IN-718 was surface-engineered by low-temperature gas-phase carburisation, generating a highly concentrated solid solution of interstitial carbon with an average depth of μm and a carbon fraction up to 0.18, exceeding equilibrium solubility by orders of magnitude. Here, we investigate the stability of this highly supersaturated material against heat exposure and proton irradiation. We found: (i) Short-term exposure to high temperature causes de-carburisation. Long-term exposure to moderate (reactor operating) temperature does not. (ii) Exposure to MeV proton irradiation at elevated temperature – as well as high-temperature only – causes partial de-carburisation and precipitation of nanometre-sized Cr-rich carbides. This reduces Cr loss by evaporation. Physical models are proposed to explain the observed phenomena in terms of microscopic mechanisms. In conclusion, low-temperature gas-phase carburisation can significantly improve the properties of IN-718 for technical applications, including nuclear reactors.
Variability Driven Quality Evaluation in Software Product Lines

A method for electronically clarifying sound or picture information and an arrangement for carrying out the method. It is previously known to generate harmonics and subharmonics of a useful signal within an audio or video frequency band and to add these to the useful signal in order to improve the perceptibility. Undesirable intermodulation products are generated, however, particularly the difference intermodulation products and the non-linear amplitude ratio between generated harmonic components related to the input signal. The suggested method eliminates substantially all of these undesirable intermodulation products completely and provides a linear amplitude ratio by forming two orthogonal components (XS,XC) from the useful signal (X), compressing one or both of these components and multiplynig the result to form the harmonics (2f1, 2f2) which are thereafter mixed with the useful signal.
Effect of graphenenano-platelets on the mechanical properties of Mg/3wt%Al alloy-nanocomposite

The bulk Mg/3%Al/0.1%GNP alloy-nano composite was fabricated using powder metallurgy route assisted with microwave sintering and followed by hot extrusion. The microstructural and Raman spectroscopy studies were performed to characterize the graphene nano-platelet(GNP). EDX tests confirmed the presence and the homogeneous distribution of Al and graphene nano-platelets in the magnesium alloy-nanocomposite. The addition of 3 wt% Al and 0.1wt%GNP to the Mg changed Vicker hardness, ultimate tensile strength and failure strain by +46.15%,+17.6% and -5% respectively. The fabricated composite offers higher resistance to the local deformation than monolithic Mg and Mg/3%Al alloy, revealed by the load/unload-indentation depth curve.
The VERBMOBIL Treebanks

The Verbmobil treebanks of spoken German, English, and Japanese are part of the Verbmobil project, which has the overriding goal to develop a speaker-independent system for the translation of spontaneous speech. In the framework of this language technology project, the treebanks provide training data for a variety of language technology modules. The treebanks consist of annotated syntactic tree structures based on transcribed dialogs in the scenarios of appointment negotiations, travel arrangements, and personal computer maintenance. The annotation schemes of the treebanks have been developed taking into account the specific characteristics of spoken language dialogs: repetitions, hesitations, "false starts'', etc. * The work reported here was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the Verbmobil project under grant FKZ:01 IV 701 M0.
The MDL model choice for linear regression

In this talk, we discuss the principle of Minimum Description Length (MDL) for problems of statistical modeling. By viewing models as a means of providing statistical descriptions of observed data, the comparison between competing models is based on the stochastic complexity (SC) of each description. The Normalized Maximum Likelihood (NML) form of the SC (Rissanen 1996) contains a component that may be interpreted as the parametric complexity of the model class. Once the SC for the data, relative to a class of suggested models, is calculated, it serves as a criterion for selecting the optimal model with the smallest SC. This is the MDL principle (Rissanen 1978, 1983) for model choice. If the parametric complexity of a model family is unbounded, then one must deviate from the clean definition of the SC. The most important example of this phenomenon is the Gaussian family. One approach to bound the parametric complexity is by constraining the sample space. We calculate the SC for the Gaussian linear regression by using the NML density and consider it as a criterion for model selection. The final form of the selection criterion depends on the method for bounding the parametric complexity. As opposed to traditional fixed penalty criteria, this technique yields adaptive criteria that have demonstrated success in certain applications.
Effect of Algerian Halloysite on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Starch-Grafted-Polyethylene Nanocomposites

This paper deals with the characterization of the physico-mechanical properties of starch-grafted-polyethylene (Starch-g-PE)/unmodified Algerian halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. The nanoclay was incorporated at various filler contents, i.e., 1.5, 3 and 5 wt%. Rheological and tensile properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated by different techniques and the results obtained are compared with those of virgin Starch-g-PE matrix. The study shows a decrease in melt flow index (MFI) values upon increasing the HNT content, which indicates a restriction in the polymer chains mobility due to the confinement effect of HNT. Further, a tensile strength is also improved.
Geometric Analysis of the Formation Problem for Autonomous Robots

In the formation control problem for autonomous robots, a distributed control law steers the robots to the desired target formation. A local stability result of the target formation can be derived by methods of linearization and center manifold theory or via a Lyapunov-based approach. Besides the target formation, the closed-loop dynamics of the robots feature various other undesired invariant sets such as nonrigid formations. This note addresses a global stability analysis of the closed-loop formation control dynamics. We pursue a differential geometric approach and derive purely algebraic conditions for local stability of invariant embedded submanifolds. These theoretical results are then applied to the well-known example of a cyclic triangular formation and result in instability of all invariant sets other than the target formation.
Glucocorticoid insensitivity as a future target of therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an abnormal and chronic inflammatory response in the lung that underlies the chronic airflow obstruction of the small airways, the inexorable decline of lung function, and the severity of the disease. The control of this inflammation remains a key strategy for treating the disease; however, there are no current anti-inflammatory treatments that are effective. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) effectively control inflammation in many diseases such as asthma, they are less effective in COPD. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of this relative GC-insensitive inflammation in the lung of patients with COPD remain unclear. However, recent studies have indicated novel mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. One of the major mechanisms proposed is an oxidant-mediated alteration in the signaling pathways in the inflammatory cells in the lung, which may result in the impairment of repressor proteins used by the GC receptor to inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory genes. Although these studies have described mechanisms and targets by which GC function can be restored in cells from patients with COPD, more work is needed to completely elucidate these and other pathways that may be involved in order to allow for more confident therapeutic targeting. Given the relative GC-insensitive nature of the inflammation in COPD, a combination of therapies in addition to a restoration of GC function, including effective alternative anti-inflammatory targets, antioxidants, and proresolving therapeutic strategies, is likely to provide better targeting and improvement in the management of the disease.
Cardiovascular Events, Conditions, and Procedures Among People With Episodic Migraine in the US Population: Results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study

Though migraine, particularly migraine with aura, is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, the scope and distribution of cardiovascular disease in representative samples of people with migraine are not known. This is important because many widely used acute migraine treatments, including triptans, ergot alkaloids, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, carry precautions, warnings, or contraindications for use in persons with CV disease.
Structured computer organization, 5th Edition

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High-Level Production of Beta-Carotene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Successive Transformation with Carotenogenic Genes from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

ABSTRACT To determine whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae can serve as a host for efficient carotenoid and especially β-carotene production, carotenogenic genes from the carotenoid-producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous were introduced and overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. Because overexpression of these genes from an episomal expression vector resulted in unstable strains, the genes were integrated into genomic DNA to yield stable, carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae cells. Furthermore, carotenoid production levels were higher in strains containing integrated carotenogenic genes. Overexpression of crtYB (which encodes a bifunctional phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase) and crtI (phytoene desaturase) from X. dendrorhous was sufficient to enable carotenoid production. Carotenoid production levels were increased by additional overexpression of a homologous geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase from S. cerevisiae that is encoded by BTS1. Combined overexpression of crtE (heterologous GGPP synthase) from X. dendrorhous with crtYB and crtI and introduction of an additional copy of a truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (tHMG1) into carotenoid-producing cells resulted in a successive increase in carotenoid production levels. The strains mentioned produced high levels of intermediates of the carotenogenic pathway and comparable low levels of the preferred end product β-carotene, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. We finally succeeded in constructing an S. cerevisiae strain capable of producing high levels of β-carotene, up to 5.9 mg/g (dry weight), which was accomplished by the introduction of an additional copy of crtI and tHMG1 into carotenoid-producing yeast cells. This transformant is promising for further development toward the biotechnological production of β-carotene by S. cerevisiae.
Morphofunctional responses to anaemia in rat skeletal muscle

Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control and anaemic. Anaemia was induced by periodical blood withdrawal. Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were excised under pentobarbital sodium total anaesthesia and processed for transmission electron microscopy, histochemical and biochemical analyses. Mitochondrial volume was determined by transmission electron microscopy in three different regions of each muscle fibre: pericapillary, sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmatic. Muscle samples sections were also stained with histochemical methods (SDH and m‐ATPase) to reveal the oxidative capacity and shortening velocity of each muscle fibre. Determinations of fibre and capillary densities and fibre type composition were made from micrographs of different fixed fields selected in the equatorial region of each rat muscle. Determination of metabolites (ATP, inorganic phosphate, creatine, creatine phosphate and lactate) was done using established enzymatic methods and spectrophotometric detection. Significant differences in mitochondrial volumes were found between pericapillary, sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic regions when data from animal groups were tested independently. Moreover, it was verified that anaemic rats had significantly lower values than control animals in all the sampled regions of both muscles. These changes were associated with a significantly higher proportion of fast fibres in anaemic rat soleus muscles (slow oxidative group = 63.8%; fast glycolytic group = 8.2%; fast oxidative glycolytic group = 27.4%) than in the controls (slow oxidative group = 79.0%; fast glycolytic group = 3.9%; fast oxidative glycolytic group = 17.1%). No significant changes were detected in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. A significant increase was found in metabolite concentration in both the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the anaemic animals as compared to the control group. In conclusion, hypoxaemic hypoxia causes a reduction in mitochondrial volumes of pericapillary, sarcolemmal, and sarcoplasmic regions. However, a common proportional pattern of the zonal distribution of mitochondria was maintained within the fibres. A significant increment was found in the concentration of some metabolites and in the proportion of fast fibres in the more oxidative soleus muscle in contrast to the predominantly anaerobic extensor digitorum longus.
Augmenting traditional playground games to enhance game experience

Technology can provide engaging game experiences. However, it can also decrease the exhibition of essential play behavior such as social interaction and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss how the Interactive Tag Playground (ITP) can enhance the traditional tag game experience by making it more enjoyable and immersive without sacrificing social and physically active behavior. Additionally, we also show it can double as a research tool to analyze player behavior using data obtained in-game. These conclusions are derived from a user study and behavior analysis of participants playing traditional and interactive tag game sessions. The findings lead us to believe that the ITP can provide an engaging tag experience while facilitating the analysis of player behavior and promoting key aspects of play.