Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Cache Model an Analytical Cache Model

In this paper we study a mathematical model of the sequence of memory references generated by a program. This model is an extension of the continuous model proposed in 9]. In the context of an architecture with cache-memories, we derive analytical formulas for the miss ratio and the execution time per instruction. The parameters of these formulas are the cache size, the block size, the associativity and the locality of the program. The respective innuences of these parameters on the performances of the architecture are analyzed and compared with the results based on trace-driven simulations. Based on this model, a random generator of traces is proposed to study more complex memory hierarchies and some transient program behaviors. i Etude d'un mod ele analytique de m emoire cache Nous etudions un mod ele stochastique de la suite des r ef erences m emoires en-gendr ees par un programme. Ce travail fait suite a 9] o u un mod ele continu avait et e consid er e. Dans le cadre d'une architecture avec m emoire cache, nous donnons les expressions analytiques du taux de d efaut. Les param etres de ces expressions sont la taille du cache, la taille des lignes de cache, l'associativit e ainsi que la localit e du programme. L'innuence des divers param etres sur les performances des architectures avec cache est etudi ee et les conclusions compar ees avec les r esultats obtenus dans la litt erature par des simulations a partir de traces de programmes. Nous proposons un g en erateur al eatoire de r ef erences-m emoire ssoci e a ce mod ele pour etudier des hi erarchies m emoire plus complexes ainsi que certains comportements transitoires de programmes.
Functional volumes modeling: Scaling for group size in averaged images

Functional volumes modeling (FVM) is a statistical construct for metanalytic modeling of the locations of brain functional areas as spatial probability distributions. FV models have a variety of applications, in particular, to serve as spatially explicit predictions of the Talairach‐space locations of functional activations, thereby allowing voxel‐based analyses to be hypothesis testing rather than hypothesis generating. As image averaging is often applied in the analysis of functional images, an important feature of FVM is that a model can be scaled to accommodate any degree of intersubject image averaging in the data set to which the model is applied. In this report, the group‐size scaling properties of FVM were tested. This was done by: (1) scaling a previously constructed FV model of the mouth representation of primary motor cortex (M1‐mouth) to accommodate various degrees of averaging (number of subjects per image = n = 1, 2, 5, 10), and (2) comparing FVM‐predicted spatial probability contours to location‐distributions observed in averaged images of varying n composed from randomly sampling a 30‐subject validation data set. Hum. Brain Mapping 8:143–150, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localisation and interaction for augmented maps

Paper-based cartographic maps provide highly detailed information visualisation with unrivalled fidelity and information density. Moreover, the physical properties of paper afford simple interactions for browsing a map or focusing on individual details, managing concurrent access for multiple users and general malleability. However, printed maps are static displays and while computer-based map displays can support dynamic information, they lack the nice properties of real maps identified above. We address these shortcomings by presenting a system to augment printed maps with digital graphical information and user interface components. These augmentations complement the properties of the printed information in that they are dynamic, permit layer selection and provide complex computer mediated interactions with geographically embedded information and user interface controls. Two methods are presented which exploit the benefits of using tangible artifacts for such interactions.
Analysis of emotion recognition from facial expressions using spatial and transform domain methods

Facial expressions are non-verbal signs that play an important role in interpersonal communications. There are six basic universally accepted emotions viz., happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear and disgust. An emotion recognition system is used for recognising different expressions from the facial images/videos and classifying them into one of the six basic emotions. Spatial domain methods are more popularly used in literature in comparison to transform domain methods. In this paper, two approaches viz., cropped face and whole face methods for feature extraction are implemented separately on the images taken from Cohn-Kanade CK and JAFFE databases. Classification is performed using K-nearest neighbour and neural network. The results are compared and analysed. The results suggest that transform domain techniques yield better accuracy than spatial domain techniques and cropped face approach outperforms whole face approach for both the databases for few feature extraction methods. Such systems find application in human computer interaction, entertainment industry and could be used for clinical diagnosis.
Multimodal Interaction with Emotional Feedback

In this paper we extend a multimodal framework based on speech and gestures to include emotional information by means of anger detection. In recent years multimodal interaction has become of great interest thanks to the increasing availability of mobile devices allowing a number of different interaction modalities. Taking intelligent decisions is a complex task for automated systems as multimodality requires procedures to integrate different events to be interpreted as a single intention of the user and it must take into account that different kinds of information could come from a single channel as in the case of speech, which conveys a user’s intentions using syntax and prosody both.
Kinetics of the simultaneous utilization of sugar mixtures by Escherichia coli in continuous culture

In natural environments heterotrophic microorganisms encounter complex mixtures of carbon sources, each of which is present at a concentration of a few micrograms per liter or even less. Under such conditions no significant growth would be expected if cells utilized only one of the available carbon compounds, as suggested by the principle of diauxic growth. Indeed, there is much evidence that microbial cells utilize many carbon compounds simultaneously. Whereas the kinetics of single-substrate and diauxic growth are well understood, little is known about how microbial growth rates depend on the concentrations of several simultaneously utilized carbon sources. In this study this question was answered for carbon-limited chemostat growth of Escherichia coli fed with mixtures of up to six sugars; the sugars used were glucose, galactose, maltose, ribose, arabinose, and fructose. Independent of the mixture composition and dilution rate tested, E. coli utilized all sugars simultaneously. Compared with growth with a single sugar at a particular growth rate, the steady-state concentrations were consistently lower during simultaneous utilization of mixtures of sugars. The steady-state concentrations of particular sugars depended approximately linearly on their contributions to the total carbon consumption rate of the culture. Our experimental data demonstrate that the simultaneous utilization of mixtures of carbon sources enables heterotrophic microbes to grow relatively fast even in the presence of low environmental substrate concentrations. We propose that the observed reductions in the steady-state concentrations of individual carbon sources during simultaneous utilization of mixtures of carbon sources by heterotrophic microorganisms reflect a general kinetic principle.
Continuous Synthesis and Excretion of the Compatible Solute Ectoine by a Transgenic, Nonhalophilic Bacterium

ABSTRACT The compatible solute 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) acts in microorganisms as an osmotic counterweight against halostress and has attracted commercial attention as a protecting agent. Its production and application are restricted by the drawbacks of the discontinuous harvesting procedure involving salt shocks, which reduces volumetric yield, increases reactor corrosion, and complicates downstream processing. In order to synthesize ectoine continuously in less-aggressive media, we introduced the ectoine genes ectABC of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens into an Escherichia coli strain using the expression vector pASK-IBA7. Under the control of a tet promoter, the transgenic E. coli synthesized 6 g liter−1 ectoine with a space-time yield of 40 mg liter−1 h−1, with the vast majority of the ectoine being excreted.
Inherit Differential Privacy in Distributed Setting: Multiparty Randomized Function Computation

How to achieve differential privacy in the distributed setting, where the dataset is distributed among the istrustful parties, is an important problem. We consider in what condition can a protocol inherit the differential privacy property of a function it computes. The heart of the problem is the secure multiparty computation of randomized function. A notion obliviousness is introduced, which captures the key security problems when computing a randomized function from a deterministic one in the distributed setting. By this observation, a sufficient and necessary condition about securely computing a randomized function from a deterministic one is given. The above result can not only be used to determine whether a protocol computing differentially private function is secure, but also be used to construct a secure one. Then we prove that the differential privacy property of a function can be inherited by the protocol computing it if the protocol securely computes it. A composition theorem of differentially private protocols is also presented. Finally, we construct protocols of Gaussian mechanism and Laplace mechanism, which inherit the differential privacy property.
The Principle of Reafference : Interactions Between the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Organs

A major question for the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) has always been this: what lawful relationships hold between impulses which are generated by external stimulation and travel inward into the CNS and those which-either directly or indirectly-reemerge from it; that is, the question of the relations between afference and efference? The CNS has been characterized as a sort of automat, which reflexly delivers a given ticket when a particular coin is inserted in it. For simple protective reflexes-like sneezing and withdrawal from painful stimuli-this idea is easy to accept; for more complicated reactions such as balancing and orienting responses, the same conceptual scheme has been advocated. Even rhythmic 1ocomotor patterns can be understood in these terms, if one assumes that each single movement reflexly evokes its counterpart, that each component sets off its successor in time (reflex chain theory). The higher forms of behavior, which are modifiable through experience, are subsumed under the same rubric by way of "conditioned" reflexes. This "classical reflex theory7' largely still holds sway, although there are Illany facts which are inconsistent with it. W e know that the breathing centre maintains its activity without external rhythmic stimulation, that the central locoillotor rhythms of illany invertebrates remain intact in the absence of afference (von Holst, 1932, 1933, 1938), that in fish (von Holst, 1935; Lissman, 1946) and amphibians (Weiss, 1941; Gray, 1946, 1950) only a very small part of the afferent innervation is sufficient to ensure that all parts of the body can continue to locomote properly. The reflex chain theory cannot handle such facts. The analysis of relative coordination in anthropods, fish, mammals and humans has taught us to recognize central forces of organization-of coordination and control-whose interplay leads to the establishment of laws which are formally quite similar to those laws of perception which were discovered by Gestalt psychology.
Variational Modeling with Wavelets

In many geometric modeling paradigms the user sculpts a curve or surface by dragging around some type of control points (eg. Bezier or B-spline). A more intuitive modeling interface allows the user to directly manipulate curves and surfaces. This manipulation defines some set of constraints that the curve or surface must satisfy (such as interpolation and tangent constraints). Direct manipulation, however, usually leads to an underconstrained problem since there are, in general, many possible surfaces meeting some set of constraints. Finding the " best " solution requires solving a variational problem. Unfortunately, this can be costly to compute. In particular, iterative descent methods converge slowly when a finite element basis such as B-splines is used. This paper discusses how geometric variational modeling problems can be solved more efficiently by using a wavelet basis. Because the wavelet basis is hierarchical, the iterative methods converge rapidly. And because the wavelet coefficients indicate the degree of detail in the solution, they can be used to determine the number of basis functions needed to express the variational minimum, thus avoiding unnecessary computation. An implementation is discussed and experimental results are reported.
Privacy/Efficiency Tradeoffs in Distributed Meeting Scheduling by Constraint- Based Agents 1

In many cases of negotiation or cooperative problem solving agents may be of ’ two minds’ about communicating with other agents. While some communication is necessary, privacy issues place a potential cost on such communication. We study this privacy / efficiency tradeoff in the context of meeting scheduling. Agents propose meeting times and places consistent with their own schedules while responding to other proposals by accepting or rejecting them. The information in their responses is either a simple accept/reject or an account of schedule conflicts, i.e. meetings in their schedule that conflict with the proposed meeting. In some conditions agents simply store the information gained about other agents’ meetings; in others agents make inferences using simple consistency processing to eliminate more possibilities. In all situations we measure efficiency of problem solving and loss of private information ("privacy"). The latter includes either possible meetings (time and place) or meetings in the original schedules that have been identified by other agents. We find that, without making inferences, greater information exchange leads, naturally, to a greater loss of privacy, but that this loss is not compensated by greater efficiency. In contrast, when inferences are made, there is a marked enhancement in efficiency, which also leads to a diminished loss of privacy. We conclude that when privacy concerns are overriding, no explicit information should be exchanged, but if efficiency is also a concern, the best method is to combine a minimum of explicit information exchange with constraint−based inferences.
Multiwell stiffness assay for the study of cell responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs

It is now well understood that the cell microenvironment, including the surrounding matrix, profoundly affects cell fate. This is especially true for solid tumors where, for example, matrix stiffness is believed to be an important factor in tumorogenesis. Our hypothesis is that since matrix stiffness affects cell fate, it may also be important in drug resistance. To test this hypothesis, we designed and built a multiwell polyacrylamide (PA) gel‐based stiffness assay, in which the gels were coated with collagen in order to facilitate cell attachment and proliferation. This PA‐based assay was used to examine the effect of stiffness on cultured cell responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs. In particular, we tested multiple cancer cell lines and their susceptibility to paclitaxel, a microtubule‐targeting agent. By assessing cell proliferation, morphology, and the IC50 of the drug, we were able to establish that the stiffness affects responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs in a cell‐dependent manner. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 396–403. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemolytic anemia due to pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase deficiency: report of eight cases in six families.

deficiency occurring in six unrelated families. In most cases, a profound lowering of red cell pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase activity. associated with the characteristic change in the u.v. spectrum brought about by increased levels of pyrimidine nucleotides was observed. One patient had an atypical presentation in that no stippled cells were apparent in the peripheral blood film. and the u.v. spectrum of red cell extracts was normal or nearly so. In addition, the one parent of this patient whose red cells were tested was not pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidasedeficient. This patient may be a heterozygote for pyrimidine5’-nucleotidase deficiency with hemolysis due to this or another cause. Several of the patients were found to be mentally retarded, and in one family in which several sibs. two with and one without pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase deficiency. could be studied. the low IQ values were found only in the enzyme-deficient subjects. A pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase activity is found in normal fibroblasts and. to the same extent. in the fibroblast of patients with pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase deficiency. This activity is largely membrane bound. however. and is inhibited by the 5’-nucleotidase inhibitor, a-$-methylene ADP.
The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay: an overview.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has undertaken an international validation program for the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. This validation program comprised two major parts. The first part was the development of a detailed background review document compiling the existing data on the bioassay's history, the molecular and physiologic basis for the bioassay's mechanistic relevance to detect estrogen agonists and antagonists, a review of important bioassay protocol parameters, and a review of the data generated by in vitro assays, previous uterotrophic bioassays, and developmental and reproductive assays to assess and support the overall predictivity of the uterotrophic bioassay. The second part was an extensive multiyear effort managed by a validation management group to demonstrate the operating characteristics of four protocols. The effort was conducted in two phases. The phase 1 results with the reference agonist ethinyl estradiol (EE) and antagonist ZM 189,154 has been published previously. This Environmental Health Perspectives mini-monograph is devoted to the phase 2 work using five weak estrogen agonists, bisphenol A, genistein, methoxychlor, nonylphenol, and o,p -DDT, as well as the negative substance dibutylphthalate. These data show that all protocols successfully detected increases in uterine weights when a sufficient dose level of the weak agonists was administered, whether the substances were known or provided as coded doses to the laboratory. The data with both the reference EE and all five weak agonists are reproducible over time and under a variety of different experimental conditions (e.g., animal strain, diet, housing, bedding, vehicle, animal age). In conclusion, all protocols now have sufficient data to support their validity.
Racial stereotypes: associations and ascription of positive and negative characteristic

A drum rotatable about its longitudinal axis is equipped with an outer perforated jacket, the space between the drum and jacket being divided into separate chambers and means for supplying fluid to the chambers whereby the fluid will pass through the perforations to contact thread or sheet material wound on the jacket by reason of centrifugal force, pumping pressure, or both.
Multiple Forms of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Animals: Structural Determinants and Physiological Implications

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of animal cells is usually considered to be a mitochondrial enzyme. However, this enzyme has recently been reported to be also present in nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. These extramitochondrial localizations are associated with moonlighting functions of GDH, which include acting as a serine protease or an ATP-dependent tubulin-binding protein. Here, we review the published data on kinetics and localization of multiple forms of animal GDH taking into account the splice variants, post-translational modifications and GDH isoenzymes, found in humans and apes. The kinetic properties of human GLUD1 and GLUD2 isoenzymes are shown to be similar to those published for GDH1 and GDH2 from bovine brain. Increased functional diversity and specific regulation of GDH isoforms due to alternative splicing and post-translational modifications are also considered. In particular, these structural differences may affect the well-known regulation of GDH by nucleotides which is related to recent identification of thiamine derivatives as novel GDH modulators. The thiamine-dependent regulation of GDH is in good agreement with the fact that the non-coenzyme forms of thiamine, i.e., thiamine triphosphate and its adenylated form are generated in response to amino acid and carbon starvation.
Localization security in Wireless Sensor Networks as a non-cooperative game

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) support data collection and distributed data processing by means of very small sensing devices that are easy to tamper and cloning: therefore classical security solutions based on access control and strong authentication are difficult to deploy. In this paper we look at the problem of assessing security of node localization. In particular, we analyze the scenario in which Verifiable Multilateration (VM) is used to localize nodes and a malicious node (i.e., the adversary) try to masquerade as non-malicious. We resort to non-cooperative game theory and we model this scenario as a two-player game. We analyze the optimal players' strategy and we show that the VM is indeed a proper mechanism to reduce fake positions.
A Developmental Roadmap for Task Learning by Imitation in Humanoid Robots

We present a strategy whereby a robot follows a developmental pathway to (i) explore its own visuomotor capabilities, (ii) understand its surrounding environment, (iii) become aware of people acting in the environment and finally imitate observed actions. We describe some results of the different developmental stages, involving perceptual and motor skills, implemented in our humanoid robot, Baltazar. In addition to the overall system, another important contribution is the use of a two-phase, uncalibrated algorithm for object grasping. The last phase is driven under closed-loop vision based control, where the Jacobian is learned online.