Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for the human lymphocyte low affinity receptor for IgE: CD 23 is a low affinity receptor for IgE.

In the present study a gamma 1 kappa monoclonal antibody, Mab 25, specific for the receptor for the Fc fragment of IgE on lymphocytes (Fc epsilon RL) was established. This antibody was generated after fusion of spleen cells from mice immunized with the EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI 8866, which is known to express Fc epsilon RL at high density. Mab 25 inhibits strongly the binding of IgE to RPMI 8866 cells and to other Fc epsilon RL-positive EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. A 50% inhibition of IgE binding was observed at a Mab 25 concentration of 10 ng/ml. The binding of IgE was also inhibited by Fab fragments of Mab 25, suggesting that the inhibition is not simply due to steric hindrance or to an eventual binding through its Fc portion. Mab 25 only binds to cell lines expressing Fc epsilon RL. Mab 25 immunoprecipitated a single polypeptide with an apparent m.w. of 42 Kd, pI 4.9. The membrane molecule bound to and eluted from a Mab 25 immunoabsorbent had the same apparent m.w. and pI as the Fc epsilon RL purified from an IgE immunoabsorbent. Additionally, when RPMI 8866 cell lysates were cleared with Mab 25, no Fc epsilon RL could be bound to or eluted from an IgE immunoabsorbent. Mab 25 was found to weakly bind to a minor proportion of blood (1 to 4%), tonsil (2 to 9%) and spleen (4 to 5%) mononuclear cells with a low intensity. By double fluorescence analysis, most of the Fc epsilon RL-positive cells were found to be CD 20-positive B lymphocytes. The staining pattern of Mab 25 and the biochemical characteristics of the antigen detected by Mab 25 were comparable to those of the CD 23 Mab. The four CD 23 Mab MHM 6, PL 13, HD 50, and Tü 1 were found to inhibit the binding of IgE. PL 13 was found to totally inhibit the binding of Mab 25 to RPMI 8866 cells, whereas Tü 1 and MHM 6 only partially inhibited Mab 25 binding. HD 50 was unable to block the binding of Mab 25. The finding that different CD 23/Fc epsilon RL-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes have in common the capacity of inhibiting the binding of IgE suggests that upon binding they induce a conformational alteration of the Fc epsilon RL resulting in a loss of the IgE binding capacity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the CD 23 antigen is a low affinity receptor for IgE on lymphocytes.
Intubating laryngeal mask airway as an independent ventilatory and intubation device. A comparison between supine, right lateral and left lateral

Background Sudden loss of airway in patients in the lateral position has always been proven to be difficult to manage with conventional laryngoscopy. We performed a randomized controlled trial to prove the success rate of ventilation and intubation in the lateral position via intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA). Methods Ninety patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients each, positioned supine, right lateral, and left lateral randomly. Each group comprised of both sexes of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II, aged between 18-55 years with normal airway posted for surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were pre-medicated with fentanyl followed by induction with propofol and neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium. ILMA was inserted and blind tracheal intubation via ILMA was done. The success rate, time taken and the number of adjusting maneuvers used for both procedures were recorded. The data was tabulated and analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance), multiple 't' test and chi square. Results The success rate of intubation (96%) and time taken in insertion and intubation was found to be quite similar in all the three groups. Conclusions We conclude that the ILMA has an important role to play in the emergency management of airways in patients in the lateral position in terms of ease, success rate and time taken.
SaaS Authentication Middleware for Mobile Consumers of IaaS Cloud

The mobile terrain is rapidly establishing itself as the reliable node for accessing cloud hosted data. Today, commodity cloud providers especially from the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud expose their service APIs which facilitates the "app-ification" of enterprise workflows on mobile devices. However, these IaaS providers require the customer (i.e., the data consumer) to submit multiple security credentials which are computation intensive for the purposes of authentication and authorization. As a result, the authentication process introduces undesired delays in a mobile network when consuming enterprise data due to the increasing computational demand and the voluminous HTTP header that is transported across the wireless bandwidth.This paper introduces an application called MiLAMob that is a middleware-layer that handles the authentication process on behalf of the consumer devices in real time and with minimal HTTP traffic. The middleware currently supports mobile consumption of data on IaaS clouds such as Amazon S3, Dropbox, and MEGA. Further, the middleware employs the OAuth 2.0 technique (E.g. Facebook, Google+, and Personal Login) to identify the mobile end-user and uses security tokens to handle the tedious authentication with the IaaS cloud. Also, the deployment of the middleware enforces additional data protection because the security credentials and the IaaS abstractions are shielded from the mobile application domain and the end users.
Detecting and countering system intrusions using software wrappers

This paper introduces an approach that integrates intrusion detection (ID) techniques with software wrapping technology to enhance a system's ability to defend against intrusions. In particular, we employ the NAI Labs Generic Software Wrapper Toolkit to implement all or part of an intrusion detection system as ID wrappers. An ID wrapper is a software layer dynamically inserted into the kernel that can selectively intercept and analyze system calls performed by processes as well as respond to intrusive events. We have implemented several ID wrappers that employ three different major intrusion detection techniques. Also, we have combined different ID techniques by composing ID wrappers at run-time. We tested the individual and composed ID wrappers using several existing attacks and measured their impact on observed application performance. We conclude that intrusion detection algorithms can be easily encoded as wrappers that perform efficiently inside the kernel. Also, kernel-resident ID wrappers can be easily managed, allowing cooperation among multiple combined techniques to enforce a coherent global ID policy. In addition, intrusion detection algorithms can benefit from the extra data made accessible by wrappers.
A method for detecting characteristic patterns in social interactions with an application to handover interactions

Social interactions are a defining behavioural trait of social animals. Discovering characteristic patterns in the display of such behaviour is one of the fundamental endeavours in behavioural biology and psychology, as this promises to facilitate the general understanding, classification, prediction and even automation of social interactions. We present a novel approach to study characteristic patterns, including both sequential and synchronous actions in social interactions. The key concept in our analysis is to represent social interactions as sequences of behavioural states and to focus on changes in behavioural states shown by individuals rather than on the duration for which they are displayed. We extend techniques from data mining and bioinformatics to detect frequent patterns in these sequences and to assess how these patterns vary across individuals or changes in interaction tasks. To illustrate our approach and to demonstrate its potential, we apply it to novel data on a simple physical interaction, where one person hands a cup to another person. Our findings advance the understanding of handover interactions, a benchmark scenario for social interactions. More generally, we suggest that our approach permits a general perspective for studying social interactions.
The Myer-Megargee Inmate Typology

The Megargee and Dorhout (1977) classificatory rules were applied to 181 MMPI profiles from inmates at a Level 4 Federal Correctional Institution, in Memphis, Tennessee. Unambiguous classification was easily obtained for 92% of these inmates. The dispersion of these inmates among the 10 Megargee types was comparable to that previously reported at other levels of the Federal Prison System. Fifty of these inmates were retested (mean test-retest interval = 10.16 months) and reclassified. Only 14 of these 50 inmates retained their original type designation upon retesting. Thus, although the Megargee and Dorhout (1977) typology may be easily applied to inmate MMPI profiles in a Federal Level 4 facility, the rather marked instability of this system suggests that considerable caution should be exercised if it is to be used in the classification process.
“To put men in a bottle”: Eroticism, kinship, female power, and transactional sex in Maputo, Mozambique

Eroticism, kinship, and gender all intersect in transactional sexual relationships between young women known as curtidoras and older white men in Maputo, Mozambique. I draw on postcolonial feminism to argue that curtidoras’ erotic powers are a central part of sexual–economic exchanges with men and that senior female kin are deeply involved in processes of seduction and extraction of money. I conceptualize relationships between curtidoras, female kin, and male partners as “gendered triads of reciprocity” to unsettle Western stereotypes of female victims and patriarchal structures in Africa. Transactional sex often makes the partners mutually dependent and emotionally vulnerable, and, although moralities of exchange collide, young women tend to redistribute accumulated money from men among female seniors and kin.
Human TLR1 Deficiency Is Associated with Impaired Mycobacterial Signaling and Protection from Leprosy Reversal Reaction

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important regulators of the innate immune response to pathogens, including Mycobacterium leprae, which is recognized by TLR1/2 heterodimers. We previously identified a transmembrane domain polymorphism, TLR1_T1805G, that encodes an isoleucine to serine substitution and is associated with impaired signaling. We hypothesized that this TLR1 SNP regulates the innate immune response and susceptibility to leprosy. In HEK293 cells transfected with the 1805T or 1805G variant and stimulated with extracts of M. leprae, NF-κB activity was impaired in cells with the 1805G polymorphism. We next stimulated PBMCs from individuals with different genotypes for this SNP and found that 1805GG individuals had significantly reduced cytokine responses to both whole irradiated M. leprae and cell wall extracts. To investigate whether TLR1 variation is associated with clinical presentations of leprosy or leprosy immune reactions, we examined 933 Nepalese leprosy patients, including 238 with reversal reaction (RR), an immune reaction characterized by a Th1 T cell cytokine response. We found that the 1805G allele was associated with protection from RR with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.51 (95% CI 0.29–0.87, p = 0.01). Individuals with 1805 genotypes GG or TG also had a reduced risk of RR in comparison to genotype TT with an OR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.31–0.97, p = 0.04). To our knowledge, this is the first association of TLR1 with a Th1-mediated immune response. Our findings suggest that TLR1 deficiency influences adaptive immunity during leprosy infection to affect clinical manifestations such as nerve damage and disability.
Treatment of chronic lumbosacral radicular pain using adjuvant pulsed radiofrequency: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the effects of combining pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment and transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) to treat patients with chronic refractory lumbar radicular pain caused by lumbar spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN Randomized control trial. SETTINGS Interventional pain management practice. METHOD Sixty-two patients were assigned to the study groups (PRF group = 31; control group = 31). Under fluoroscopic guidance, the RF needle was positioned close to the lumbar dorsal root ganglion. The PRF group received 3 cycles of PRF treatment, and sensory stimulation without RF lesioning was applied to the control group. After PRF or sham lesioning, a local anesthetic with steroid was injected. The primary outcome of a successful response was defined as: 1) ≥50% or 4-point pain reduction in the numerical rating scale (NRS) without an increase in the Oswestry disability index (ODI) or medication quantification scale (MQS), or mean score <4 in the global perceived effect (GPE) scale; or 2) ≥30% or 2-point pain reduction in NRS with a simultaneous decrease in ODI, MQS, or ≥6 points in the GPE scale. RESULT The number of patients with successful treatment results was higher in the PRF group at 2 months (P = 0.032) and 3 months (P = 0.018). No significant differences were observed in terms of the secondary outcome variables between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION The TFEI provided significant short-term pain relief and PRF can be applied in conjunction with TFEI to achieve higher treatment efficacy compared with TFEI alone.
Gait Rehabilitation therapy using robot generated force fields applied at the pelvis

The Robotic Gait Rehabilitation (RGR) Trainer was designed and built to target secondary gait deviations in patients post - stroke. While patients ambulate on a treadmill, force fields are applied to the pelvis, which generate corrective forces as a response to deviations from normal pelvic motion. The device is coupled to the patient via an orthopedic brace, and a linear electromagnetic actuator provides power. Healthy human subject testing confirmed efficacy of the method to impart significant gait restoration forces as a response to abnormal pelvic obliquity (hip hiking). This novel approach to application of force fields using endpoint impedance controlled linear actuators takes into account patients' soft tissue dynamics.
Complete Characterization of Polarization-Maintaining Fibers Using Distributed Polarization Analysis

We present methods and processes of using a ghost-peak-free distributed polarization crosstalk analyzer (DPXA) to accurately obtain all polarization related parameters of polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers. We show that by first inducing a series equidistant periodic polarization crosstalk peaks along a PM fiber and then measuring the positions and the widths of these peaks using the analyzer, all birefringence related parameters of the PM fiber, including group birefringence, group birefringence variation along the fiber, group birefringence dispersion, and group birefringence temperature coefficient, can be accurately obtained. We further show that the DPXA has the ability to identify and eliminate polarization crosstalk contributions of connectors or splices in the measurement system and therefore can be used to obtain high accuracy measurement of the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of PM fibers. Finally, we propose a set of parameters based on the distributed polarization analysis to quantitatively evaluate the quality of PM fibers. We believe that the methods and processes described in this paper can be widely applied in the industry for the complete characterization of PM optical fibers.
The Relation between Perception and Brain Activity in Gaze-Evoked Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a phantom sound percept that can be severely disabling. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, partly due to the inability to objectively measure neural correlates of tinnitus. Gaze-evoked tinnitus (GET) is a rare form of tinnitus that may arise after vestibular schwannoma removal. Subjects typically describe tinnitus in the deaf ear on the side of the surgery that can be modulated by peripheral eye gaze. This phenomenon offers a unique opportunity to study the relation between tinnitus and brain activity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans to show that in normal-hearing control subjects, peripheral gaze results in inhibition of the auditory cortex, but no detectable response in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and inferior colliculus (IC). In patients with GET, peripheral gaze (1) reduced the cortical inhibition, (2) inhibited the MGB, and (3) activated the IC. Furthermore, increased tinnitus loudness is represented by increased activity in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and IC and reduced inhibition in the auditory cortex (AC). The increase of CN and IC activity with peripheral gaze is consistent with models of plastic reorganization in the brainstem following vestibular schwannoma removal. The activity decrease in the MGB and the reduced inhibition of the AC support a model that attributes tinnitus to a dysrhythmia of the thalamocortical loop, leading to hypometabolic theta activity in the MGB. Our data offer the first support of this loop hypothesis of tinnitus, independent of the initial experiments that led to its formulation.
Enhanced video streaming using dynamic quality control with bandwidth prediction

Video streaming is one of the most widely used applications of internet users. However, bandwidth fluctuations especially during peak periods can seriously impact the Quality of Experience (QoE) of users by causing intermittent freezing of the video. This paper proposes a client-oriented video streaming application which dynamically changes the video quality by using a bandwidth prediction mechanism. Bandwidth prediction is achieved by incorporating the moving average prediction algorithm in the application's logic. The application has been developed in Java and protocols such as the Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) and HTTP, as well as libraries of the System Information Gatherer and Reporter (SIGAR) and VLC media player have been integrated. Moreover, a new objective quality assessment metric, the freeze time, has been proposed to evaluate the performance of the scheme. The application was tested by streaming videos from YouTube in real time. Results show a major reduction in freeze time of over 60% and a gain of at least 2 dB is Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) as compared to static video streaming.
Insulin Stimulates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by a Ras-independent Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes*

To characterize tissue-specific differences in insulin signaling, we compared the mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation by insulin in the mitogenically active 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with the metabolically active 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In both cell lines, insulin significantly increased p21ras·GTP loading (1.5-2-fold) and MAP kinase activity (5-8-fold). Inhibition of Ras farnesylation with lovastatin blocked activation of p21ras and Raf-1 kinase in both 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, this was accompanied by an inhibition of the stimulatory effect of insulin on MAP kinase. In contrast, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, despite an inhibition of activation of p21ras and Raf-1 by lovastatin, insulin continued to stimulate MAP kinase activity. Fractionation of the cell lysates on the FPLC Mono-Q column revealed that lovastatin inhibited insulin stimulation of ERK2 (and, to a lesser extent, ERK1) in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and had no effect on the insulin-stimulated ERK2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results demonstrate an important distinction between the mechanism of insulin signaling in the metabolically and mitogenically active cells. Insulin activates MAP kinase by the Ras-dependent pathway in the 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and by the Ras-independent pathway in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Family and Class Dynamics in Mental Illness

Behavior and Development By RONALD C. JOHNSON, University of Hawaii; and GENE R. MEDINNUS, University of Denver. Emphasizes those antecedents to personality development which rest in the psychological atmosphere created within the family, and in various cultural factors. All the factors that influence personality development are treated, such as heredity, maturation, learning, and the roles played by the peer group, the school, and other community agents. CHILD PSYCHOLOGY is founded upon current research and discoveries in the field. Moreover . it is multidisciplinary, drawing upon data gathered from such diverse fields as sociology, anthropology, behavioral genetics, pediatrics, and some areas of home economics. The authors have sought to elucidate the interaction between two forces: the biological and the cultural, and to disclose the differences in capabilities and behavior among human beings that result from this interaction. New Science Editions paperbacks .
Publicly detectable watermarking for intellectual property authentication in VLSI design

Highlighted with the newly released intellectual property (IP) protection white paper by VSI Alliance, the protection of virtual components or IPs in very large scale integration (VLSI) design has received a great deal of attention recently. Digital signature/watermark is one of the most promising solutions among the known protection mechanisms. It provides desirable proof of authorship without rendering the IP useless. However, it makes the watermark detection, which is as important as watermarking, an NP-hard problem. In fact, the tradeoff between hard-to-attack and easy-to-detect and the lack of efficient detection schemes are the major obstacles for digital signatures to thrive. In this paper, the authors propose a new watermarking method which allows the watermark to be publicly detected without losing its strength and security. The basic idea is to create a cryptographically strong pseudo-random watermark, embed it into the original problem as a special (which the authors call mutual exclusive) constraint, and make it public. The authors combine data-integrity technique and the unique characteristics in the design of VLSI IPs such that adversaries will not gain any advantage from the public watermarking for forgery. This new technique is compatible with the existing constraint-based watermarking/fingerprinting techniques. The resulting public-private watermark maintains the strength of a watermark and provides easy detectability with little design overhead. The authors build the mathematical framework for this approach based on the concept of mutual exclusive constraints. They use popular VLSI CAD problems, namely technology mapping, partitioning, graph coloring, FPGA design, and Boolean satisfiability, to demonstrate the public watermark's easy detectability, high credibility, low design overhead, and robustness.
Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A Cyclical Model of Technological Change

The authors thank Eric Abrahamson, Warren Boeker, Donald Hambrick, and three anonymous reviewers for their assistance. An evolutionary model of technological change is proposed in which a technological breakthrough, or discontinuity, initiates an era of intense technical variation and selection, culminating in a single dominant design. This era of ferment is followed by a period of incremental technical progress, which may be broken by a subsequent technological discontinuity. A longitudinal study of the cement (1888-1980), glass (1893-1980), and minicomputer (1958-1982) industries indicates that when patents are not a significant factor, a technological discontinuity is generally followed by a single standard. Across these diverse product classes, sales always peak after a dominant design emerges. Discontinuities never become dominant designs, and dominant designs lag behind the industry's technical frontier. Both the length of the era of ferment and the type of firm inaugurating a standard are contingent on how the discontinuity affects existing competences. Eras of ferment account for the majority of observed technical progress across these three industries. '