Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends of People Using Drugs and Opioid Substitute Treatment Recorded in England and Wales General Practice (1994-2012)

Background Illicit drug use is a multifaceted public-health problem with potentially serious impacts. The United Kingdom has one of the highest prevalence of illegal drug use in Europe. Reduction of overall illegal drug use in England and Wales has decreased from 11% to 8.2% (2012/13) over the past 10 years. People who use drugs often seek help from their family doctors. Aims To investigate General Practitioners (family doctors) first recording of drug use and opioid substitute treatment in primary care settings. Design A descriptive study design. Males and females (16-64 years old) were extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Setting England and Wales primary care. Method The first recording of drug use and opioid substitution treatment in primary care was estimated for the period (1994-2012). Poisson regressions were conducted to estimate incidence risk ratios (IRR). Results We identified 33,508 first recordings of drug use and 10,869 individuals with prescriptions for opioid substitute treatment. Overall, males (IRR 2.02, 95% CI:1.97–2.07), people in the age-group; 16-24 (IRR 6.7, 95% CI:6.4–6.9) compared to those over 25 years and the most deprived (IRR 4.2, 95% CI:3.9–4.4) were more likely to have a recording of drug use. Males (IRR 1.2 95% CI:1.2–1.3), in the age-group; 25-34 (IRR 1.8 95% CI:1.7–1.9) and the most deprived (IRR 3.9 95% CI:3.6–4.3) were the groups more likely to have a opioid substitute treatment prescription. Conclusion It is evident from this study that there is little recording of drug use and opioid substitute treatment in primary care. Most drug users do not receive treatment in primary care.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High-k Oxides on Graphene

Graphene that is a single hexagonal layer of carbon atoms with very high intrinsic charge carrier mobility (more than 200 000 cm2/Vs at 4.2 K for suspended samples; Bolotin, et al., 2008) attracts attention as a promising material for future nanoelectronics. During last few years, significant advancement has been made in preparation of large-area graphene. The lateral sizes of substrates for graphene layers have been increased up to 3⁄4 m (Bae et al., 2010) and continuous roll-to-roll deposition of graphene has been published (Hesjedal, 2011). This kind of progress might allow one to apply similar planar technologies for fabricating graphene-based devices in future as currently used for processing of siliconbased structures. After very first experiments (Novoselov et al., 2004), in which the electrical properties of isolated graphene sheets were characterized, a lot of attention has been paid to the similar studies, i.e. investigation of uncovered graphene flakes deposited on oxidized silicon wafers that served as back gates. However, in order to realize graphene-based devices, a highquality dielectric on top of graphene is required for electrostatic gates as well as for tunnel barriers for spin injection. For efficient control of charge carrier movement dielectric layers deposited on graphene should be very thin, a few nanometers thick, and of very uniform thickness without any pinholes. At the same time, the dielectric should possess high dielectric constant, high breakdown voltage and low leakage current even at a small thickness. And, of course, it is expected that the high mobility of charge carriers in graphene should not be markedly affected by the dielectric layer. In order to make top-gated graphene-based Field Effect Transistor (FET), Lemme et al. (2007) applied evaporation techniques for preparation of a gate stack with ~20 nm thick SiO2 dielectric layer on graphene. They used p-type Si(100) wafers with a boron doping concentration of 1015 cm-3, which were oxydized to a SiO2 thickness of 300 nm. On these wafers, micromechanically exfoliated graphene flakes were sticked. The Ti/Au source and drain electrodes were prepared using optical lift-off lithography. Next, electron beam lift-off lithography was applied to define a top gate electrode on top of the graphene flake covered with the dielectric (Fig. 1a). Lemme et al. were first to demonstrate that the combined effect of back and top gates can be applied to graphene devices. However, measurements of the back-gate characteristics before
Forecasting Employees’ Success at Work in Banking: Could Psychological Testing Be Used as the Crystal Ball?

Human resources have nowadays been recognized as one of the most important key competitive advantages of organizations. Human resources management deals with the recruitment, selection and training of the best candidates for a particular job position. Although training has significant influence on the performance of employees, recruitment and selection still remain the crucial steps. The goal of the paper is to explore if special characteristics of candidates for employment in the banking industry could be used for predicting their future success at work. Real-life data from a Croatian bank’s employee database are used for analysis, with the total sample of 1659 candidates tested for the purpose of employment. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that the following characteristics are important at forecasting an employee’s success at work in the banking sector: cognitive ability, reasoning, dominance, social boldness, sensitivity, openness to change, warmth, and emotional stability. Therefore, as the best practice for recruitment, the use of the Profile of a Quality Candidate in Banking is proposed.
The Consequences of Dysfunctional Customer Behavior

Christopher Lovelock (1994) coined the term jaycustomers to refer to dysfunctional customers who deliberately or unintentionally disrupt service in a manner that negatively affects the organization or other customers. However, to date, no study has explicitly focused on the consequences of such dysfunctional customer behavior. The aim of this article is to advance understanding of the effects of dysfunctional customer actions through concentrating on exploring and describing the consequences of such behavior for those involved in service encounters. In this regard, this study is designed both to respond to recent calls for further research into these issues and to fill this gap in extant knowledge. A review of the literature regarding dysfunctional customer behavior finds limited attention devoted to the effects of such behavior. To explore the nature and dynamics of dysfunctional customer behavior, field research was conducted and extant theory evaluated leading to the development of a propositional inventory and a framework of the effects of such behavior. Briefly, dysfunctional customer behavior was found to have consequences for customer-contact employees, customers, and organizations.
Community-based rehabilitation: an evaluation study.

Leprosy gives rise to two types of stigmatization, one from the disease and its neuropathetic manifestations, with their resultant disability and handicaps, and the other due to social ostracism. The process of rehabilitation should begin from the moment the disease is diagnosed, and the earlier its detection the better the prognosis for patients. The family unit to which the patient belongs plays a vital role in his social life, ensuring and enhancing his self-respect and dignity in society, and this fact must be recognized when evolving a strategy for rehabilitation. In no circumstances should a patient be removed from his natural home environment. It is important that the community is made leprosy conscious and gets more involved in hastening the social assimilation of patients. Communication plays an important role throughout the rehabilitation process. One of the major functions is the removal of the social stigma in the family and in the community and this involves communication skills to ensure interaction between the staff and patients' families and the education of the community. A highlight of community-based rehabilitation is the excellent rate of repayment of loans by the patients to whom they were made. Also of note is the extent to which former defaulters make repayments due to the continuous rapport and good interpersonal relationship between the staff and patients. Most of the subjects of this study were drawn from the lower economic strata of society and for them the most essential consideration is to make a living, however meagre. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Market segmentation in the Indonesian banking sector: the relationship between demographics and desired customer benefits

The recent economic turmoil in Indonesia has hit the financial service sector hard. Consumer confidence in banks is low and institutions are having to work harder than ever to recruit and retain their customers. In this article the potential for banks to utilize benefit segmentation to assist them in this context is explored. It will be argued that for benefit segmentation to offer any real utility in this context, a link must be found between benefits and general observable characteristics, such as demographics. To ascertain whether such a link exists, a primary study of 1,000 individuals was conducted in the city of Bengkulu, Southwest Sumatra. As the results will show, while discrete bundles of benefits were identified, they would appear generally unrelated to consumer demographics.
2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid–quinoline (1/1)

In the title compound, C7H4ClNO4·C9H7N, the two components are connected by an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the hydrogen-bonded unit, the dihedral angle between the quinoline ring system and the benzene ring of benzoic acid is 3.15 (7)°. In the crystal, units are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a tape along the c axis. The tapes are stacked along the b axis through a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond into a layer parallel to the bc plane.
Global texture as the origin of cosmic structure.

A pedagogical account of global texture is given. The generic occurrence of texture in unified theories is discussed. The dynamics of global texture are reviewed, and the "scaling solution" in an expanding universe described. The seeding of large scale structure through texture induced perturbations is described, as well as new numerical results on the predictions for the matter distribution today. Texture is shown to have significant advantages over the "standard" inflationary fluctuations in (i) having more power on large scales, and (ii) producing nonlinear structures at high redshift. The nongaussian nature of the perturbations is emphasised. Finally predictions for the cosmic microwave anisotropy are described.
Nitrate Medications, Fractures, and Change in Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative

Nitrate medications may increase bone mineral density (BMD), although information on fracture outcomes is sparse. We examined the association of nitrate medications with fractures (hip, wrist/arm, and total fractures) and changes in BMD (hip, spine, and whole body) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study. A total of 139,211 postmenopausal women 50 to 79 years old without history of hip fracture were included in this prospective study. Medication use was ascertained directly from drug containers at baseline during in‐person interviews in 1993 to 1998. Exposure measures included any use (use/non‐use), type of nitrate (as‐needed, maintenance) and duration of use (≤5 years, >5 years). We used separate multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to analyze associations between each exposure and fracture outcome, with results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine 3‐year and 6‐year changes in BMD. At baseline, 1.2% (n = 1647) women were using a nitrate. During the mean ± SD follow‐up of 7.7 ± 1.5 years through 2005, women experienced 1582 hip fractures, 5156 wrist or arm fractures, and 22, 589 total fractures. After adjustment for confounders, nitrate use was not statistically associated with risk for hip (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.18), wrist/arm (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.23), or total fractures (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.08). As‐needed nitrate use, but not maintenance therapy, was associated with a lower risk of total fractures (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.95) and wrist/arm fractures (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.98). Nitrate use was not associated with 3‐year or 6‐year changes in BMD at any site. We conclude that any nitrate use was not significantly associated with lower risk of fractures or higher BMD; however, as‐needed nitrate use was associated with lower risks of total and wrist/arm fractures. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Action of Penicillin on Staphylococcus: Further Observations on the Effect of a Short Exposure

When a culture of Staphylococcus in the logarithmic period of growth is exposed to penicillin in appropriate concentration, growth of the bacteria is stopped promptly. If within a short time the penicillin is removed, no decrease in population of viable cells occurs, but, after a lag period, growth is resumed (Parker and Marsh, 1946). In earlier work it was shown that this effect occurred even though there was no detectable killing of organisms; it was not a peculiarity of the metabolic state of "persisters" (Bigger, 1944) in the culture. In the experiments to be detailed in this report, the observations have been extended to cover a total of 29 strains of Staphylococcus in order to determine whether the phenomenon was unique in the strain first observed or whether it was generally distributed. The strains were isolated from clinical material in a hospital laboratory and exhibited a wide range of penicillin sensitivity. Source and selection of cultures. In the course of a study of the relation between size of the test inoculum and apparent resistance to penicillin, all strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical material in the routine laboratory serving Lakeside Hospital were subjected to tests of penicillin sensitivity (Parker, 1946). From the 169 cultures so studied, 29 were chosen, covering the range of sensitivity exhibited by the series. Test of sensitivity. The sensitivity test used was that described previously (Parker and Marsh, 1946; Parker, 1946). Serial dilutions of penicillin were prepared in nutrient broth; each was inoculated with 0.5 ml of a 106 dilution of an overnight broth culture. The tubes were incubated overnight, and the tube was then identified which contained just enough penicillin to prevent visible growth of bacteria. The final volume of the test was 1 ml. This was designated as the "penicillin sensitivity (small inoculum)" of the strain. Another test was made simultaneously, which differed only in that the inoculum contained 10,000 times as many organism, and the inhibitory penicillin concentration identified in this test was designated as "penicillin sensitivity (large inoculum). " Medium. The medium used was the tryptose broth supplied by the Digestive Ferments Laboratories; the pH after sterilization adjusted to 7.4 to 7.6.
What Effect Do Unions Have on Wages Now and Would &Apos;What Do Unions Do&Apos; Be Surprised?

We explore the various claims made by Freeman and Medoff (FM) in their famous book What do unions do? about the impact of unions on wages and update them with new and better data. The main findings are as follows. 1) Private sector union wage premium is lower today than it was in the 1970s. 2) The union wage premium is counter-cyclical. 3) There is evidence of a secular decline in the private sector union wage premium. 4) There remains big variation in the premium across workers. 5) There is big variation in industry-level union wage premia. 6) State level union wage premia vary less than occupation and industry level premia. 7) Union workers remain better able than non-union workers to resist employer efforts to reduce wages when market conditions are unfavorable. 8) There has been a decline in the unadjusted wage gap relative to the regression-adjusted wage gap. 9) Public sector wage effects are large and similar to those in the private sector.
Asset Pricing and Investor Risk in Subordinated Asset Securitisation

As a sign of ambivalence in the regulatory definition of capital adequacy for credit risk and the quest for more efficient refinancing sources collateral loan obligations (CLOs) have become a prominent securitisation mechanism. This paper presents a loss-based asset pricing model for the valuation of constituent tranches within a CLO-style security design. The model specifically examines how tranche subordination translates securitised credit risk into investment risk of issued tranches as beneficial interests on a designated loan pool typically underlying a CLO transaction. We obtain a tranche-specific term structure from an intensity-based simulation of defaults under both robust statistical analysis and extreme value theory (EVT). Loss sharing between issuers and investors according to a simplified subordination mechanism allows issuers to decompose securitised credit risk exposures into a collection of default sensitive debt securities with divergent risk profiles and expected investor returns. Our estimation results suggest a dichotomous effect of loss cascading, with the default term structure of the most junior tranche of CLO transactions ("first loss position") being distinctly different from that of the remaining, more senior "investor tranches". The first loss position carries large expected loss (with high investor return) and low leverage, whereas all other tranches mainly suffer from loss volatility (unexpected loss). These findings might explain why issuers retain the most junior tranche as credit enhancement to attenuate asymmetric information between issuers and investors. At the same time, the issuer discretion in the configuration of loss subordination within particular security design might give rise to implicit investment risk in senior tranches in the event of systemic shocks.
Emerging segmentation practices in the age of the social customer

This paper reports on an exploratory study of segmentation practices of organisations with a social media presence. It investigates whether traditional segmentation approaches are still relevant in this new socio-technical environment and identifies emerging practices. The study found that social media are particularly promising in terms of targeting influencers, enabling the cost-effective delivery of personalised messages and engaging with numerous customer segments in a differentiated way. However, some problems previously identified in the segmentation literature still occur in the social media environment, such as the technical challenge of integrating databases, the preference for pragmatic rather than complex solutions and the lack of relevant analytical skills. Overall, a gap has emerged between marketing theory and practice. While segmentation is far from obsolete in the age of the social customer, it needs to adapt to reflect the characteristics of the new media.
A Questionnaire to Examine Food Service Satisfaction of Elderly Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a survey tool for assessing the satisfaction of elderly long-term care (LTC) residents with the meals and food services they receive, as well as to assess quality of life issues related to eating. Food service delivery should be provided in an environment that fosters autonomy, interpersonal relations, and security. The questionnaire was administered as face-to-face interviews with 205 residents (≥65 years of age) of 13 LTC facilities in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (participation rate = 67%). Residents expressed some concern with food variety, quality, taste, and appearance, and with the posting of menus. Quality of life issues were mostly positive; however, residents were less satisfied with areas related to their autonomy such as food choice and snack availability.
Information security: Critical review and future directions for research

Purpose – The purpose of this literature review is to analyze current trends in information security and suggest future directions for research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used literature review to analyze 1,588 papers from 23 journals and 5 conferences. Findings – The authors identified 164 different theories used in 684 publications. Distribution of research methods showed that the subjective-argumentative category accounted for 81 per cent, whereas other methods got very low focus. This research offers implications for future research directions on information security. They also identified existing knowledge gaps and how the existing themes are studied in academia. Research limitations/implications – The literature review did not include some dedicated security journals (i.e. Cryptography). Practical implications – The study reveals future directions and trend that the academia should consider. Originality/value – Information security is top concern for organizations, and this research analyzed how academia dealt with the topic since 1977. Also, the authors suggest future directions for research suggesting new research streams.
Incidental Findings in Youths Volunteering for Brain MRI Research

Incidental abnormalities seen in research MRI brain studies of 1400 “normal” volunteer individuals aged 8-23 years were assessed. Ten percent showed incidental findings and 12 of these required further follow-up. Findings were not related to age but whites had higher numbers of pineal cysts and males had a higher incidence of cavum septum pellucidum, which was associated with psychosis-related symptoms. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MRIs are obtained in research in healthy and clinical populations, and incidental findings have been reported. Most studies have examined adults with variability in parameters of image acquisition and clinical measures available. We conducted a prospective study of youths and documented the frequency and concomitants of incidental findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Youths (n = 1400) with an age range from 8–23 years were imaged on the same 3T scanner, with a standard acquisition protocol providing 1.0 mm3 isotropic resolution of anatomic scans. All scans were reviewed by an experienced board-certified neuroradiologist and were categorized into 3 groups: 1) normal: no incidental findings; 2) coincidental: incidental finding(s) were noted, further reviewed with an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist, but were of no clinical significance; 3) incidental findings that on further review were considered to have potential clinical significance and participants were referred for appropriate clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 148 incidental findings (10.6% of sample) were noted, and of these, 12 required clinical follow-up. Incidental findings were not related to age. However, whites had a higher incidence of pineal cysts, and males had a higher incidence of cavum septum pellucidum, which was associated with psychosis-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Incidental findings, moderated by race and sex, occur in approximately one-tenth of participants volunteering for pediatric research, with few requiring follow-up. The incidence supports a 2-tiered approach of neuroradiologic reading and clinical input to determine the potential significance of incidental findings detected on research MR imaging scans.