Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does Corporate Governance Affect CEO Pay in Family and Non Family Firms

The aim of this paper is to examine how family businesses and non-family businesses pay their CEOs differently and the role corporate governance plays in the process. This is an empirical study to analyze the data of 400 listed firms on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Main Board Market during 2005-2007. Multiple regression analysis is applied to examine the relationships among family firms, executive pay and corporate governance mechanisms. The empirical results show that compare with non-family businesses, family businesses tend to grant more fixed compensation and less performance-based pay to their CEOs. Besides, when the CEOs are also the chairmen of the boards in family businesses, they get more fixed compensation. According to the literature review, this is the first study to examine the identity of the remuneration committee chairman as a proxy for the independent level of the committee. We found that assigning INED to chair the remuneration committee and increasing the percentage of INED on the committee help to restrain fixed compensations and encourage performance-based pay in family businesses.
Methods used to maintain a high level of participant involvement in a clinical trial

OBJECTIVES To describe the strategies adopted to maintain high level participation throughout a community based clinical trial, and the reasons given by participants for why they participated in the study. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Community based clinical trial in Melbourne, Australia that ran for 68 weeks and involved 2811 community based individuals from 600 families. A high level of commitment was required of the families; each participant completed a Health Diary each week of the 68 week study, as well as answering numerous other questionnaires, and providing faecal and blood samples. MAIN RESULTS Only 41 of the 600 families withdrew from the study; the majority of these families withdrew because they sold their home and moved from the study area. The completion rate of Health Diaries averaged 90.7% over the 68 weeks of data collection. Of the 559 families who completed the study, 524 (93.7%) completed the Participation Questionnaire. The statement that received the highest rating for why families enrolled in the study was they thought the study was researching an important community issue. The statements that received the highest ratings for why families continued to participate in the study was the family being kept well informed about the study's progress and that the study was well run. CONCLUSIONS The low numbers of withdrawals and the high level of participation throughout the study suggests the strategies of (a) having a non-aggressive recruitment method, (b) maintaining regular contact with the participants and (c) ensuring participants were kept well informed of the study's progress and constantly encouraged to continue participation were successful. The results also suggest people involve themselves in research because they perceive it to be of value to the community, not simply for personal gain. They indicated that they maintained their participation because it was a well run study and they were kept well informed throughout the study.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON EARNING MANAGEMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF FIRM SIZE; EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

This study investigates the relationship between ea rning management and corporate governance in presen ce of firm size having sample size of 50 listed companies of m anufacturing sector in stock market with time horiz on of 2009 to 2013. Corporate governance has been enumerated by t he board size, audit committee independence and own ership concentration taking multi-dimensional aspect of it . Here cash flow statement approach using the Modif ied Jones Model has been exercised to measure the discretiona ry accruals. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) expressed the negative relationship of quality of corporate gover nance with earning management and positive relation ship with firm size. Relationship of firm size and earning ma nagement is negative. So small sized firms are more involved in earning management and reason for this relationship is to absorb fluctuations maintaining the financia l position. Corporate stake holders should focus on small sized firms to regulate proper implication of corporate codes avoiding cooking the books.
A mutation in the expansin-like A2 gene enhances resistance to necrotrophic fungi and hypersensitivity to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Expansins are cell wall loosening agents, known for their endogenous function in cell wall extensibility. The Arabidopsis expansin-like A2 (EXLA2) gene was identified by its down-regulation in response to infection by the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and by the reduced susceptibility of an exla2 mutant to the same pathogen. The exla2 mutant was equally susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, but was more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, when compared with the wild-type or with transgenic, ectopic EXLA2-overexpressing lines. The exla2 mutants also enhanced tolerance to the phytoprostane-A1 . This suggests that the absence or down-regulation of EXLA2 leads to increased resistance to B. cinerea in a CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1)-dependent manner, and this down-regulation can be achieved by phytoprostane-A1 treatment. EXLA2 is induced significantly by salinity and cold, and by the exogenous application of abscisic acid. The exla2 mutant also showed hypersensitivity towards increased salt and cold, and this hypersensitivity required a functional abscisic acid pathway. The differential temporal expression of EXLA2 and the phenotypes in transgenic plants with altered expression of EXLA2 indicate that plant cell wall structure is an important player during Arabidopsis developmental stages. Our results indicate that EXLA2 appears to be important in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly in the pathogenesis of necrotrophic pathogens and in the tolerance to abiotic stress.
Attributing Conversions in a Multichannel Online Marketing Environment: An Empirical Model and a Field Experiment

Technology enables a firm to produce a granular record of every touchpoint consumers make in their online purchase journey before they convert at the firm's website. However, firms still depend on aggregate measures to guide their marketing investments in multiple online channels (e.g., display, paid search, referral, e-mail). This article introduces a methodology to attribute the incremental value of each marketing channel in an online environment using individual-level data of customers’ touches. The authors propose a measurement model to analyze customers’ (1) consideration of online channels, (2) visits through these channels over time, and (3) subsequent purchases at the website to estimate the carryover and spillover effects of prior touches at both the visit and purchase stages. The authors use the estimated carryover and spillover effects to attribute the conversion credit to different channels and find that these channels’ relative contributions are significantly different from those found by other currently used metrics. A field study validates the proposed model's ability to estimate the incremental impact of a channel on conversions. In targeting customers with different patterns of touches in their purchase funnel, these estimates help identify cases in which retargeting strategies may actually decrease conversion probabilities.
An Investigation Of The Relationship BetweenPerceptions Of Social Responsibility AndCommunity Resilience To Flood

Despite well-documented evidence of the potential physical impacts of flooding, research has so far neglected to fully investigate the manner by which different aspects of decision making at community level could influence resilience to flooding. This research attempts to investigate this gap in knowledge by exploring ways in which a better understanding of the expectations associated with social responsibility could potentially increase community resilience. There is particular emphasis upon the interrelationships between social responsibility and the decision making process. This paper sets the context for this investigation and proposes a methodology that attempts to not only understand how key community groups perceive their own levels of social responsibility to the community, but also what level of social responsibility they believe the other groups should have. It is argued that community groups may not even be aware that they are failing to meet their expected level of social responsibility. Therefore, the gaps discovered by this methodology between a group’s own perception and how they are perceived by others would highlight barriers to community resilience. An argument for research to better understand resilience at the level of the community by exploring the individual and interconnected decision making of householders, small businesses and policy makers, is further elaborated. The arguments presented here will be of interest to community leaders and provide considerations for built environment professionals embarking on the development of resilience measures, with considerations suggested for future research within this field.
Question Answering Based on Temporal Inference

Inference approaches in Arabic question answering are in their first steps if we compare them with other languages. Evidently, any user is interested in obtaining a specific and precise answer to a specific question. Therefore, the challenge of developing a system capable of obtaining a relevant and concise answer is obviously of great benefit. This paper deals with answering questions about temporal information involving several forms of inference. We have implemented this approach in a question answering system called IQAS: Inference Question Answering System for handling temporal inference.
Temperature-sensitive phenotypes of peroxisome-assembly processes represent the milder forms of human peroxisome-biogenesis disorders.

We thank T. Hashimoto and N. Usuda for anti-human and anti-rat catalase antibodies, respectively, and we thank H. W. Moser, A. B. Moser, R. J. A. Wanders, G. T. N. Besley, B. C. Paton, and A. Poulos for patients' fibroblasts. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research and Exploratory Research, from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan, and by grants from the Sumitomo Foundation and Uehara Memorial Foundation.
Site dependencies in a multisite testing environment

This paper describes a statistical approach for online yield analysis for multisite testing of highly reliable automotive ICs as well as the implementation of the system for testing mostly analog circuits. The core of the approach is the yield analysis of the different sites based on statistical measures. The system has been implemented as part of the production environment of Elmos Semiconductor. It is in daily use. Although the analysis tool has been accepted reluctantly, it soon became an excellent tool with a significant impact on test quality and cost saving.
Marketing analytics: the evolution of marketing research in the twenty‐first century

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state of marketing analytics and how it should become a standard marketing research tool in the twenty‐first century.Design/methodology/approach – The design of this paper is both a review of the field of marketing analytics and a discussion of how these factors must be enhanced and incorporated into twenty‐first century marketing research. As such this paper is offered as a viewpoint based on years of experience in the field and should serve as the basis for discussion and discourse by both academicians and practitioners.Findings – In the realm of marketing, primary research has traditionally focused on quantitative or qualitative methodologies to provide customer insights. With advances in technology, especially data mining, marketing analytics has become an invaluable tool and should be viewed as an equal component of the marketing research toolkit. Analytics requires marketers to use data to understand customers at every touch point through.
Unpacking the Effects of Corporate Venture Capital Investor Ties on the Reduction of Price Discounting among IPO Firms

Abstract We examine how ties to different kinds of corporate venture capital (CVC) investors help new ventures overcome the liabilities of market newness they encounter when seeking to undergo an initial public offering (IPO). We analyze a sample of 315 IPO firms with ties to CVC investors and find that the offering price is less discounted when these CVC investors are part of a commercial bank, or in a company that is a member of a major stock exchange. We also find that the effect of an affiliation with a CVC investor in a company that is a member of a major stock exchange is stronger in hot markets than in cold markets, while an affiliation with a CVC investor in a commercial bank is not. Our results suggest that the IPO market recognizes that know-how and prominence based signals conveyed by CVC investor affiliations provide additive reductions of price discounting, and that the certification value that prominence based signals provide also depends on the market conditions in which the IPO takes place.
Depth‐integrated, non‐hydrostatic model with grid nesting for tsunami generation, propagation, and run‐up

Tsunamis generated by earthquakes involve physical processes of different temporal and spatial scales that extend across the ocean to the shore. This paper presents a shock‐capturing dispersive wave model in the spherical coordinate system for basin‐wide evolution and coastal run‐up of tsunamis and discusses the implementation of a two‐way grid‐nesting scheme to describe the wave dynamics at resolution compatible to the physical processes. The depth‐integrated model describes dispersive waves through the non‐hydrostatic pressure and vertical velocity, which also account for tsunami generation from dynamic seafloor deformation. The semi‐implicit, finite difference model captures flow discontinuities associated with bores or hydraulic jumps through the momentum‐conserved advection scheme with an upwind flux approximation. The two‐way grid‐nesting scheme utilizes the Dirichlet condition of the non‐hydrostatic pressure and both the horizontal velocity and surface elevation at the inter‐grid boundary to ensure propagation of dispersive waves and discontinuities across computational grids of different resolution. The inter‐grid boundary can adapt to bathymetric features to model nearshore wave transformation processes at optimal resolution and computational efficiency. A coordinate transformation enables application of the model to small geographic regions or laboratory experiments with a Cartesian grid. A depth‐dependent Gaussian function smoothes localized bottom features in relation to the water depth while retaining the bathymetry important for modeling of tsunami transformation and run‐up. Numerical experiments of solitary wave propagation and N‐wave run‐up verify the implementation of the grid‐nesting scheme. The 2009 Samoa Tsunami provides a case study to confirm the validity and effectiveness of the modeling approach for tsunami research and impact assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign Asset Accumulation Among Emerging Market Economies: A Case for Coordination

We develop a two-sector, core-periphery country general equilibrium framework with endogenous financial crises to study foreign asset accumulation coordination among emerging market economies. Consistent with the policy prescription described by Bianchi (2011), we show that a national planner in each peripheral country prefers a higher asset position than the decentralized agents but may reduce welfare. A coordinator for all peripheral countries, who considers the general equilibrium effect of aggregate peripheral savings on the world interest rate, prefers a different asset position than the national planner. When we calibrate our model to a group of emerging Asian economies, the quantitative analysis shows that in the absence of coordination, national regulation leads to a 3.7% higher average net foreign asset position and a welfare loss relative to the laissez-faire. In contrast, the coordinated level of net foreign assets is 59% of the uncoordinated level and results in a sizable welfare gain. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Multidimensional Performance Measurement in Islamic Banking

Most of the studies that have examined management accounting practices have done so irrespective of the nature and characteristics of organizations. Little is known about the impact of the difference in the nature of organization on management accounting practices. Hence, this study investigates the impact of the nature and characteristics of organizations on management accounting practices, in particular on non-financial performance measurement practices in the banking sector. Several Islamic Banks have been selected in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in order to explore the impact of the nature and characteristics of these institutions on management accounting practices. This study reveals that the nature and characteristics of organization have a great impact on performance measurement practices in different Islamic banks.
Internal Labor Markets: A Case Study

We select one firm from a large data set of firms and study its internal economics. First we prove that the information available allows us to inspect the personnel policies of the firm. Furthermore, this fact allows moving from the case study to more comprehensive studies in personnel economics using institutional surveys. The analysis also shows the patterns of workers' promotions and the differences in the characteristics of insider versus outsider workers. The decision to promote is analyzed. The hierarchic design directly influences the wage policy. Wages are determined to a great extent by the layers of the hierarchy. There are wage premiums upon promotion, even if the worker does not change his place in the organization. When the promoted worker moves up in the hierarchy he comes from the top of the wage distribution at the old job and goes to the bottom of it in the new job. We present evidence on workers' exit and entry to the bottom of the wage distribution, especially in the lower part of the hierarchy.
Accessibility of University of Botswana main campus buildings to wheelchair users

The built environment, including schools, has many architectural barriers which may prevent wheelchairs users from independently gaining access to buildings. The purpose of this study was to assess the accessibility of the University of Botswana’s (UB) main campus buildings to wheelchairs users. A buildings checklist, participant observation and interviews of wheelchair users were used to collect data. It was found that the majority of the buildings were not accessible. Of major concern was the fact that most buildings which are used for academic and social purposes are inaccessible to students withdisabilities. Common barriers include steep ramps with no shade, marked but narrow, un-shaded parking lots, inadequate ramps at the entrances, high counters and lack of shaded pathways. On a positive note, some institutional buildings were found to have wide doors, wide corridors, some ramps with rails, and some shaded entrances. It is recommended that the existing buildings be modified to accommodate students with disability, to promote their independence and improve the quality of their social and academic life.
The Student Retention Puzzle Revisited: The Role of Institutional Image

This study aims to develop and test a student retention model that includes system and institutional dropout as outcome variables, examining differences in factors that affect them. We also model the image of the institution as influencing institutional commitment and drop/stay intentions. Using structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses, we found that both initial personal and institutional characteristics (such as students' goal commitment and the higher education institutional image), as well as the institutional experience and integration of the student into the academic environment, will have an effect on the level of student performance and institutional commitment, which in turn influence stay/drop decisions. Higher education administrators need to manage not only conventional factors—such as instructional effectiveness, peer interaction, and academic integration—in order to reduce attrition. They also need to manage brand associations with regard to the positioning of their institution in prospects' minds.
Differentiation therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: past, present and future.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the 1970s, the concept of differentiation therapy has been viewed as a promising and revolutionary approach for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers. However, the successful clinical application of differentiation therapy has only been realized since the late 1980s and only in one subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The use of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, both of which induce degradation of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy/retinoic acid receptor alpha oncoprotein, in combination with chemotherapy is currently the accepted treatment of APL, presenting a potential paradigm for differentiation therapy in clinical oncology. RECENT FINDINGS We have begun to understand why ATRA fails to induce differentiation in AML. The underlying reasons identified thus far are associated with an inability to target the removal of leukemogenic fusion proteins, aberrant epigenetic regulation of genes involved in the ATRA signaling pathway and the presence of factors that interfere with proper retinoic acid receptor alpha function. SUMMARY Here, we examine the reasons why the exquisite sensitivity of APL to ATRA-based differentiation therapy has not been extended to other of AML subtypes. Current differentiation-based combinatorial approaches to target AML will also be analyzed. Finally, we will evaluate the potential of novel strategies, high-throughput screening, and functional genomics to uncover new differentiation-based therapies for AML.