Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directory oriented FTP commands

As a part of the Remote Site Maintenance (RSM) project for ARPA, BBN has installed and maintains the software of several DEC PDP-11s running the Unix operating system. Since Unix has a tree-like directory structure, in which directories are as easy to manipulate as ordinary files, we have found it convenient to expand the FTP servers on these machines to include commands which deal with the creation of directories. Since there are other hosts on the ARPA net which have tree-like directories, including Tops-20 and Multics, we have tried to make these commands as general as possible. We have added four commands to our server: XMKD child Make a directory with the name "child". XRMD child Remove the directory with the name "child". XPWD Print the current working directory. XCUP Change to the parent of the current working directory. The "child" argument should be created (removed) as a subdirectory of the current working directory, unless the "child" string contains sufficient information to specify otherwise to the server, e.g., "child" is an absolute pathname (in Multics and Unix), or child is something like "<abso.lute. path>" to Tops-20.
No Difference in Mood and Quality of Life in DHEA-S Deficient Adults with Addison’s Disease vs. Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Normal DHEA-S Levels: Implications for Management of These Conditions

Patients with Addison’s disease have relatively high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms compared with population-based reference samples. Addison’s disease results in deficiency of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S). There is considerable debate about the specific effects of DHEA deficiency on energy level and mood. We measured emotional well-being in 16 patients with Addison’s disease and a group of 16 hospital attendees with type 2 diabetes. Participants completed the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the World Health Organization’s quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Holmes–Rahe life event scale. DHEA-S was low in Addison’s patients (Addison’s men: 0.5 ± 0.1 μmol/l [normal range: 2.1–10.8] compared with diabetes men: 3.2 ± 1.2 μmol/l; Addison’s women: 0.4 ± 0.01 μmol/l [normal range: 1.0–11.5] compared with diabetes women: 2.2 ± 0.71 μmol/l). Testosterone levels were similar in both groups studied. There were no differences in emotional well-being and quality of life (QOL) between patients with Addison’s disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as measured by GHQ-28 (Addison’s: 22.4 ± 2.6, Diabetes: 19.6 ± 2.7), HADS Depression (Addison’s: 5.4 ± 0.9, Diabetes: 4.5 ± 1.4), HADS Anxiety and WHOQOL-BREF. There were no gender differences in affective symptomatology within the Addison’s group. Life event scores were above average in both groups (Addison’s: 195 ± 39.6, Diabetes: 131 ± 43.8), but not significant for difference between groups as was GHQ-28 total score. Both groups scored highly on the GHQ-28 and the life event scale, indicative of poorer health perceptions than the general population. This could be due to the chronicity of both disorders. We have not identified any specific effects of DHEA-S deficiency on mood or QOL.
Effect of salt stress on some defense mechanisms of transgenic and wild potato clones (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in vitro

Genetically modified plants (GMPs) proved to be a promising solution for many of biotic and abiotic stresses which affect food production. Great attention was given to the evaluation of growth, nutritional quality and safety of GMPs before release and commercialization. In this study, we targeted physiological and biochemical evaluation of transgenic potato plantlets under salt stress conditions. In vitro evaluation of salinity effects on transformed and non-transformed clones was investigated with four NaCI (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM). On exposure to NaCl for one month, the shoots height, fresh and dry weight of transformed clone showed significant decrease than those of non-transformed clone. Different biochemical parameters such as proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, pigments content, ascorbate, and glutathione contents were tested in order to put forward the relative tolerance of both clones to salinity. Constitutive levels of these parameters were almost not similar between both clones. Additionally, electrophoretic analysis of total soluble protein (SDS-PAGE) and some isoenzymes such as acid phosphatase and esterase have revealed that plant subjected to NaCl showed induction in the synthesis of new polypeptides and isoformes. Our finding suggest that, the response of potato plantlets to salt stress may be accomplished by increasing the capacity of antioxidative system and the synthesis of new protein and isoenzymes which could be in turn contribute to select a salt resistant in potato. (Amal A. Mohamed, Mohamed A. Matter and Mahmoud M. Saker. Effect of salt stress on some defense mechanisms of transgenic and wild potato clones (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in vitro. Nature and Science 2010; 8(12):181-193). (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net.
Analysis of short distance optoelectronic link architectures

In this paper we present analysis of two types of receivers, transimpedance and low impedance, for chip-to-chip short distance interconnects. We investigate the combined transmitter and receiver power of links containing each type of receiver as part of a hard-wired interconnect. We find that the power consumption of a complete optoelectronic link as a function of bit rate for low impedance receiver links is often better than for transimpedance amplifier short distance links.
Misleading statistics: errors in textbooks, software and manuals.

Statistics is an essential tool in medicine in general and in medical research in particular. This is shown by the large number of articles on statistical topics carried by medical journals, by the demand for consultancy from medical statisticians and by the number of textbooks in medical statistics, especially introductory texts, now on the market. Yet, despite this importance and wealth of advice, the statistical component of much medical research is very badly done. " Statistics is a difficult subject. Few people, including statisticians, find it easy at first acquaintance. Modern medical education usually contains only a short introduction to statistics, and very little about scientific thinking and research methods in general. Thus the medical researcher has at best acquired only a limited knowledge of statistical methods from formal education. There are few postgraduate courses available and many clinicians do not have the time to attend them anyway. Researchers are reduced to learning the subject from books or to relying on the statistical software to do their thinking for them. Readers of the UE are likely to be asked for thenstatistical help and advice by other medical researchers, or asked to recommend suitable books and microcomputer software. Unfortunately, many texts in statistics aimed at doctors are bad books, filled with errors, and conveying no understanding on which to build. Statistical software, too, may hold traps for the unwary and the associated manuals may be highly misleading.
An analysis of the impact of decision support systems on the performance of upstream commodity chains

The aim of this research is to evaluate the role and application of Decision Support Systems (DSS) adopted to improve the decision-making capability and visibility of the operations of intermediary trading organisations in upstream commodity supply chains. This research investigates the nature and source of specific challenges associated with upstream commodity supply chains that affect supply chain performance, namely, supply chain governance, access to finance, risk management and operational efficiency. Upstream commodity markets are characterised by high price volatility and low unit value, high risk and lack of visibility. Upstream supply chains are highly complex involving multiple parties, cross-border transactions, information asymmetry and a lack of standardised rules and regulations (Ahumada, 2009). Intermediary commodity trading companies participate as mediators between the supply and demand of commodities worldwide and facilitate the transaction of goods between distant countries which allows them to adopt a key position in managing critical supply chain information and material flows (de Haan et al., 2003). Hence, the performance of intermediaries within the upstream supply chains have great impact on the supply chain overall. Academic literature on DSS, upstream supply chains and intermediation have been reviewed in order to establish a reliable and contextual knowledge base. The relational view provides a theoretical grounding for the work. In order to achieve the research objectives, qualitative multiple case study research was undertaken. The case studies were designed to analyse the changes in the case study company processes and operations before and after the implementation of the DSS, using cross-functional process maps. Three case studies with intermediary trading companies in rubber, coffee and cotton supply chains were undertaken. The research found a positive relationship between DSS adoption and business performance. The findings also reveal a significant mediating effect of DSS on supply chain performance. A triangulation research approach was chosen between collected qualitative data, observation and reviewed literature. Based on this finding and conceptual model, the study has contributed to body of knowledge concerning upstream supply chain practice.
Compact Filtering Crossover Using Stub-Loaded Ring Resonator

This letter presents a novel compact crossover with bandpass responses. It consists of a stub-loaded ring and coupling feeding structures. The equivalent circuit of each path between two diagonal ports is a filtering circuit. The stub-loaded ring acts as the resonator in both two paths and thus the size is miniaturized. Meandering feeding structures are utilized to realize transmission zeros to improve the selectivity. To verify the design concept, a compact filtering crossover working at 2 GHz is implemented and the simulated and measured results are presented.
It ’ s in the bag : Stronger supervision for automated face labelling

The objective of this work is automatic labelling of characters in TV video and movies, given weak supervisory information provided by an aligned transcript. We make four contributions: (i) a new strategy for obtaining stronger supervisory information from aligned transcripts; (ii) an explicit model for classifying background characters, based on their face-tracks; and (iii) employing new ConvNet based face features. Each of these contributions delivers a significant boost in performance, and we demonstrate this on standard benchmarks using tracks provided by authors of prior work. Finally, (iv), we also investigate the generalization and strength of the features and classifiers by applying them “in the raw” on new episodes where no supervisory information is used. Overall we achieve a dramatic improvement over the state of the art on both TV series and film datasets, almost saturating performance on some benchmarks.
Medical knowledge and urban planning in tropical Africa.

EUROPEANS CONQUERED MOST OF TROPICAL AFRICA between 1880 and the First World War. This was also a period of rapid advance in tropical medicine. Malaria was by far the most serious threat to Europeans living in the African tropics, and the mosquito theory made its appearance just when colonial administrations were struggling to keep soldiers and administrators alive in a difficult environment. New currents in European thought about urban planning flourished in these same years-the key period for city planning in Africa, when colonial capitals were either founded or redesigned. The play of these crosscurrents of thought during a period of crucial decision making offers an interesting example of ideas in action, one with implications for our understanding of human behavior both in Africa and beyond. Europeans had been applying their medical ideas to the African scene since at least the early nineteenth century. Through mid-century they were especially concerned with medical topography-studies of particular locations, soils, temperature, and rainfall to determine what makes a place healthy or unhealthy. Some of the things they concluded were true; others were not. They had known for centuries that high altitudes meant cooler weather, and they associated heat with putrefaction and hence with disease. In India, officials had retreated to the "hill stations" in the warm season since the beginning of the century. But they also sought protection at much lower elevations, in the belief that malaria in particular was caused by emanations from the soil, which crept "assassin-like close to the earth. "' One solution was simply to put houses on stilts, elevating them ten to fifteen feet above the ground. That was a common prescription for tropical housing in India and the West Indies as well as in Africa. So was the idea of putting military camps in high places whenever possible. In 1863, following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 and the sanitation scandals of the Crimean War, a royal commission gathered evidence and issued detailed recommendations for sanitation reforms in India. These and other reforms reduced the death rate from disease of British soldiers serving in India from about 50 per 1000
Structural and financial constraints - enabling or inhibiting creativity?

Although creativity is a widely studied concept, the relationship between constraints and creativity is still a topic that offers a great deal of conflicting views. Moreover, constrained creativity processes seem to be widely implemented throughout the business sector. The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide insight and contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between constraints and creativity. This will be done by investigating whether financial and/or task structure constraints enable or inhibit creativity, measuring and comparing mean creativity scores (average effects) and the most creative ideas (extreme value effects). We will further examine whether the average and extreme value effects of a financial constraint is dependent on task structure, and whether bounded and unbounded creativity processes are moderated by approach and/or avoidance motivation. Approach motivated individuals are directed by positive and desirable opportunities, while avoidance motivated individuals are directed by avoiding negative and undesirable outcomes. To investigate these relationships, we have conducted an online ideation experiment. Creativity is measured through appropriateness and novelty, individually. Our results indicate that constraints enable average creativity, while inhibiting extreme value creativity. Moreover, the effect of a constrained creativity processes depends on whether the inventor is approach or avoidance motivated. Our results will now be described in more detail. Financial and task structure constrains are found to have a significant, positive affect on mean novelty, and a zero effect on mean appropriateness. Financial and task structure constraints are found to have a significant, negative affect on both the appropriateness and the novelty extreme value score. Further, our findings suggest that the effect of a financial constraint on creativity is strengthened by a task structure constraint. Approach motivated individuals are found to be less creative when being constrained, while avoidance motivated individuals are found to be more creative in constrained conditions.
The Influence of Executives’ Characteristics on Bank Performance: The Case of Emerging Market

This research is expected to provide information for the benefits of Bank SulutGo and also the Government of North Sulawesi in forming the composition of the board of directors and board of commissioner and all bank officials in SulutGo Bank. The population and samples are SulutGo Bank officials consisting of boards of commissioners, boards of directors, division leaders and branch leaders of all the Banks of SulutGo. They consist of 4 Commissioners, 5 Directors, 2 Heads of Department, 19 Heads and Divisional Representatives, plus 94 head offices (head office, branch offices and sub-branch offices) scattered throughout the provinces of North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, DKI Jakarta and East Java. In measuring the performance of BPD, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are employed. The results show age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR, but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets. The same with the F-test, simultaneously age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets.
State of STEM: Defining the Landscape to Determine High-Impact Pathways for the Future Workforce

This article attempts to address the workforce crisis with implications for economic competitiveness and national defense faced by America and the dichotomy of STEM needs and available employees. Businesses struggle to fill critical skilled roles in STEM occupations and thus suffer sluggish growth. In fact, some estimate up to 2.4 million STEM jobs go unfilled College graduates in STEM fields struggle to find jobs. STEM jobs have doubled as a proportion of all jobs since the industrial revolution. New jobs and entirely new fields are being created daily. Estimates suggest that 65 percent of children entering elementary school today will ultimately end up working in completely new job types that are not on our radar yet. More students are in college than ever before, and STEM graduates out-earn those in non-STEM fields 12-30 percent across all education levels. It seems impossible for both these narratives to be accurate. Yet, impossibly, they are both quite real. These two realities demand a greater understanding of the STEM talent ecosystem and a greater commitment to action. Both employers who have jobs to fill and job seekers are facing myriad confusing messages, options, and challenges. Considering this complexity, it is tempting to put our energy towards finding a single solution—the one program, metric, or organization that has all the answers. Since the National Science Foundation (NSF) coined the term “STEM” nearly two decades ago, we have seen an explosion in interest, investment, programs, research, and data all seeking such a solution.
PRELIMINARY ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOTOLERANT AND HALOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM SALT MINES OF KARAK, PAKISTAN

Halophiles are extremophile organisms that thrive in environments with very high concentrations of salt. The salt mines of Karak region, is an extremely saline environment and its microbial communities have not yet been explored. In the present study, twenty one halotolerant and halophilic bacterial strains were isolated from salt mines of Karak region. These strains can grow in media with 5-40% NaCl concentrations. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of these strains were studied by optimizing their growth conditions such as pH, NaCl and temperature. A high microbial density was observed at low NaCl concentration. Halophilic bacterial strains were divided into three groups on the basis of NaCl concentration; first was slightly halotolerant / halophilic; second, moderately halophilic and third, extreme halophilic bacteria. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence of these strains demonstrated that these are closely related to species belonging to different genera: Thalassobacillus, Halomonas, Brevibacterium, Oceanobacillus, Terribacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Halobacillus, Staphylococcus and Virgibacillus. This preliminary study showed that the salt mine of Karak are rich in halotolerant / halophilic bacterial population with diverse bacterial communities, which may be utilized in various industrial applications.
CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE BLOOD VOLUME. VI. CHANGES IN BLOOD VOLUME IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA IN RELATION TO THE HEMATOPOIETIC RESPONSE TO INTRA-MUSCULAR LIVER EXTRACT THERAPY.

The blood volume in pernicious anemia has been studied repeatedly by a variety of methods and all authors have commented upon the extremely low level of the total volume of circulating red cells found in the severe stages of this disease. There is less unanimity of opinion as regards the abnormality of both the plasma and total blood volume at various levels of anemia, the relationship between the severity of the disease and the degree of hypovolemia, and the changes in plasma, red cell, and total blood volume that occur during the course of successful liver therapy. Plasma volume was thought to be normal by Bock (1), Denny (2), and Murphy, et al. (3), or higher than normal, Keith (4), Rusynak (5), and De Wesselow and Bamforth (6). Denny (2) found no relation between the severity of the anemia and the total blood volume level, whereas Smith (7) noted that the total amount of hemoglobin was reduced in proportion to the severity of the disease. During treatment with liver the total blood volume was found to increase, due chiefly to a great increase in the red cell volume (6) which may be three or fourfold (3). The plasma volume was found to fall (6), during recovery, or increase . (8), or remain fairly constant (3). H61boll (8) could not find any relationship between the observed changes in the total blood volume and either the hematocrit or hemoglobin content of the blood, but De Wesselow and Bamforth (6) stated that the " increase in percentage of red cell volume and hemoglobin estimations gives an accurate index of the actual increase in red cell substance and hemoglobin during treatment. "
An Algorithmic Framework for Solving the Decoding Problem in Statistical Machine Translation

The decoding problem in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) is a computationally hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a new algorithmic framework for solving the decoding problem and demonstrate its utility. In the new algorithmic framework, the decoding problem can be solved both exactly and approximately. The key idea behind the framework is the modeling of the decoding problem as one that involves alternating maximization of two relatively simpler subproblems. We show how the subproblems can be solved efficiently and how their solutions can be combined to arrive at a solution for the decoding problem. A family of provably fast decoding algorithms can be derived from the basic techniques underlying the framework and we present a few illustrations. Our first algorithm is a provably linear time search algorithm. We use this algorithm as a subroutine in the other algorithms. We believe that decoding algorithms derived from our framework can be of practical significance.