Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH Findings Primary- Grade Teachers Will Want to Know

Early literacy development is among the most fleeting yet vitally important phases of literacy development. All primarygrade teachers intuitively know that if young children get off to a good start, they will rarely stumble along the path of academic progression. On the other hand, if they do not, these young learners often struggle throughout their school careers (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998 ). My initial inclination when preparing this update of early literacy research was to share a summary of the findings of the National Early Literacy Panel ( 2008 ) and then discuss how these findings expand and update the earlier findings of the National Reading Panel (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000 ). But as I immersed myself in this task, to be frank, I was less than enthused about writing yet one more exegesis of the findings of these two significant but also already wellpublicized national panel reports. Instead, I decided to take a somewhat unusual approach. Having worked with teachers in schools across the nation and around the world in professional development for more than 30 years (more than 4,000 classroom observations), I am often asked questions on a variety of early literacy instructional topics for which I provide evidencebased answers. So, in crafting this article, I eventually decided to share answers to a few literacy research questions that have come from my teacher colleagues in recent years. I invite you to take a journey with me across the topical terrain of selected questions asked me about the findings of early literacy instructional research. Although this is not intended to be an exhaustive review of early literacy research, I have endeavored to select questions and topics I believe will pique the interests of many primarygrade teachers across the U.S. and around the globe. I begin with the seldomdiscussed question of handwriting.
The Eccentric Torque Production Capacity of the Ankle, Knee, and Hip Muscle Groups in Patients with Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate eccentric torque production capacity of the ankle, knee and hip muscle groups in patients with unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI) as compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 participants (20 with CAI and 20 controls) were recruited based on convenient non-probability sampling. The average peak torque to body weight (APT/BW) ratio of reciprocal eccentric contraction of ankle dorsi flexor/plantar flexor, ankle evertor/invertor, knee flexor/extensor, hip flexor/extensor and hip abductor/adductor was determined using an isokinetic dynamometer. All subjects participated in two separate sessions with a rest interval of 48 to 72 hours. In each testing session, the torque production capacity of the ankle, knee, and hip muscle groups of only one lower limb was measured. At first, 3 repetitions of maximal eccentric-eccentric contraction were performed for the reciprocal muscles of a joint in a given movement direction. Then, the same procedure of practice and testing trials was repeated for the next randomly-ordered muscle group or joint of the same limb. RESULTS There was no significant interaction of group (CAI and healthy controls) by limb (injured and non-injured) for any muscle groups. Main effect of limb was not significant. Main effect of group was only significant for eccentric torque production capacity of ankle dorsi flexor and hip flexor muscle groups. The APT/BW ratio of these muscles was significantly lower in the CAI group than the healthy controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION CAI is associated with eccentric strength deficit of ankle dorsi flexor and hip flexor muscles as indicated by reduction in torque production capacity of these muscles compared to healthy controls. This strength deficit appeared to exist in both the injured and non-injured limbs of the patients.
Extended Role Based Access Control with Blob Service on Cloud

Role-based access control (RBAC) models have generated a great interest in the security community as a powerful and generalized approach to security management and ability to model organizational structure and their capability to reduce administrative expenses. In this paper, we highlight the drawbacks of latest developed RBAC models in terms of access control and authorization and later provide a more viable extended-RBAC model, which enhances and extends its powers to make any system more secure by adding valuable constraints. Later the Blobs are stored on cloud server which is then accessed by the end users via this Extended RBAC model.
Carriage and Genetic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients and Healthcare Workers in a Serbian University Hospital

Objectives There is a paucity of data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) epidemiology among Balkan countries. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of nasal and pharyngeal carriages and diversity of MRSA among patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the major referral centre in Serbia, and to evaluate performance of three different media for MRSA screening. Methods Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 195 patients and 105 HCWs in Emergency Department (ED), Surgical Department (SD) and Medical Department (MD). After broth enrichment, samples were inoculated onto MRSA-ID, ORSA and oxacillin-MSA and incubated for 24/48 hours. Characterisation of isolated MRSA strains was determined by MLVA, spa, SCCmec and agr typing, PVL genes detection and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results MRSA carriage prevalence was 11.8% in patients and 7.6% in HCWs. Introduction of pharyngeal swabs in screening procedure increased MRSA carriage rate by over 30%. Variable found to be independently associated with an increased risk for MRSA carriage was ED (odd ratio (OR) = 4.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78-11.14). A higher risk of multidrug-resistant MRSA carriage was observed among patients (OR = 22; 95% CI 1.92-251.54). CC5-MRSA-SCCmecI was the dominant clone among patients and HCWs in ED and MD, while high genetic diversity of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) was shown in SD especially among HCWs. MRSA-ID was superior to the other tested media with a sensitivity/specificity of 95.2% and 99.6% after 48 hours of incubation. Conclusions These results indicate high MRSA carriage rate in the hospital and emergence of CA-MRSA through HCWs in these settings. MRSA-ID was the optimal available choice for MRSA screening.
Seasonally Evolving Dominant Interannual Variability Modes of East Asian Climate *

A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis is applied to seasonal mean precipitation over East Asia for the period of 1979–2004. The first two dominant modes account for 44% of the total interannual variance, corresponding to post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years, respectively. The first mode indicates that in El Niño decaying summer, an anomalous anticyclone appears over the western North Pacific (WNP). This anticyclone is associated with strong positive precipitation anomalies from central China to southern Japan. In the following fall, enhanced convection appears over the WNP as a result of the underlying warm SST anomalies caused by the increase of the shortwave radiative flux in the preceding summer. A dry condition appears over southeastern China. The anomalous precipitation pattern persists throughout the subsequent winter and spring. The second mode shows that during the El Niño developing summer the anomalous heating over the equatorial central Pacific forces a cyclonic vorticity over the WNP. This strengthens the WNP monsoon. Meanwhile, an anomalous anticyclone develops in the northern Indian Ocean and moves eastward to the South China Sea and the WNP in the subsequent fall and winter. This leads to the increase of precipitation over southeastern China. The anticyclone and precipitation anomalies are maintained in the following spring through local air–sea interactions. The diagnosis of upper-level velocity potential and midlevel vertical motion fields reveals a seasondependent Indian Ocean forcing scenario. The Indian Ocean basinwide warming during the El Niño mature winter and the subsequent spring does not have a significant impact on anomalous circulation in the WNP, because convection over the tropical Indian Ocean is suppressed by the remote forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. The basinwide warming plays an active role in impacting the WNP anomalous anticyclone during the ENSO decaying summer through atmospheric Kelvin waves or Hadley circulation.
The coupled dipole modes of the NLC accelerator structure

The proposed accelerator cavity of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) is a disk-loaded structure composed of 200 cells, operating at 11.42 GHz. The proposed mode of operation is to accelerate bunches in trains of 10, with a bunch spacing of 42 cm. One problem is that one bunch in a train can excite transverse wakefields in the accelerator cavity which, in turn, can deflect following bunches and result in emittance growth. A method of curing this problem is to detune the transverse modes of the cavity. Beam dynamics simulations for the NLC have shown that by keeping the transverse wakefield at the positions of the nine trailing bunches at or below 1 MW/nC/m{sup 2} we can void emittance growth. Earlier, approximate calculations of the wakefields, which did not include the cell-to-cell coupling of the modes, have shown that by the proper Gaussian detuning the above level of cancellation can be achieved. A specific goal of this report is to see if this conclusion still holds when coupling is included in the calculation. Note that in this paper we focus on the modes belonging to the first dipole passband, which are the most important. A special feature of these modes inmore » the detuned NLC cavity is that the cell-to-cell coupling changes sign somewhere in the middle of the structure. « less
Correlation-based joint acquisition and demosaicing of visible and near-infrared images

Joint processing of visible (RGB) and near-infrared (NIR) images has recently found some appealing applications, which make joint capturing a pair of visible and NIR images an important problem. In this paper, we propose a new method to design color filter arrays (CFA) and demosaicing matrices for acquiring NIR and visible images using a single sensor. The proposed method modifies the optimum CFA algorithm proposed in [1] by taking advantage of the NIR/visible correlation in the design process. Simulation results show that by applying the proposed method, the quality of demo-saiced NIR and visible images is increased by about 1 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio over the results of the optimum CFA algorithm. It is also shown that better visual quality can be obtained by using the proposed algorithm.
THE CHANDRA CARINA COMPLEX PROJECT VIEW OF TRUMPLER 16

Trumpler 16 is a well-known rich star cluster containing the eruptive supergiant η Carinae and located in the Carina star-forming complex. In the context of the Chandra Carina Complex Project, we study Trumpler 16 using new and archival X-ray data. A revised X-ray source list of the Trumpler 16 region contains 1232 X-ray sources including 1187 likely Carina members. These are matched to 1047 near-infrared counterparts detected by the HAWK-I instrument at the Very Large Telescope allowing for better selection of cluster members. The cluster is irregular in shape. Although it is roughly circular, there is a high degree of sub-clustering, with no noticeable central concentration and an extension to the southeast. The high-mass stars show neither evidence of mass segregation nor evidence of strong differential extinction. The derived power-law slope of the X-ray luminosity function for Trumpler 16 reveals a much steeper function than the Orion Nebula Cluster, implying a different ratio of solar- to higher-mass stars. We estimate the total Trumpler 16 pre-main-sequence population to be >6500 Class II and Class III X-ray sources. An overall K-excess disk frequency of ∼8.9% is derived using the X-ray-selected sample, although there is some variation among the sub-clusters, especially in the southeastern extension. X-ray emission is detected from 29 high-mass stars with spectral types between B2 and O3.
Adjustable Fractional-Delay FIR Filters Using the Farrow Structure and Multirate Techniques

The Farrow structure can be used for efficient realization of adjustable fractional-delay finite-length impulse response (FIR) filters, but, nevertheless, its implementation complexity grows rapidly as the bandwidth approaches the full bandwidth. To reduce the complexity, a multirate approach can be used. In this approach, the input signal is first interpolated by a factor of two via the use of a fixed half-band linear-phase FIR filter. Then, the actual fractional-delay filtering takes place. Finally, the so generated signal is downsampled to retain the original input/output sampling rate. In this way, the bandwidth of the fractional-delay filter used is halved compared to the overall bandwidth. Because the complexity of half-band linear-phase FIR filter interpolators is low, the overall complexity can be reduced. In this paper, we present more implementation details, design trade-offs, and comparisons when the filters are implemented using multiple constant multiplication techniques, which realize a number of constant multiplications with a minimum number of adders and subtracters
Information flow in secure contexts

Information flow Security in a multilevel system aims at guaranteeing that no high level information is revealed to low level user, even in the presence of any possible malicious process. This requirment could be stronger than necessary when some knowledge about the environment (context) in which the process is going to run is available. To relax this requirment we introduce the notion of secure contexts for a class of processes. This notion is parametric with respect to both the observation equivalance and the operation used to characterize the low level view of a process. As observation equivalance we consider the cases of weak bisimulation and trace equivalance. We describe how to build secure context in these cases and we show that two well-known security properties, named BNDC and NDC. are just special instances of our general notion.
On the power of the congested clique model

We study the computation power of the congested clique, a model of distributed computation where n players communicate with each other over a complete network in order to compute some function of their inputs. The number of bits that can be sent on any edge in a round is bounded by a parameter b We consider two versions of the model: in the first, the players communicate by unicast, allowing them to send a different message on each of their links in one round; in the second, the players communicate by broadcast, sending one message to all their neighbors. It is known that the unicast version of the model is quite powerful; to date, no lower bounds for this model are known. In this paper we provide a partial explanation by showing that the unicast congested clique can simulate powerful classes of bounded-depth circuits, implying that even slightly super-constant lower bounds for the congested clique would give new lower bounds in circuit complexity. Moreover, under a widely-believed conjecture on matrix multiplication, the triangle detection problem, studied in [8], can be solved in O(nε) time for any ε > 0. The broadcast version of the congested clique is the well-known multi-party shared-blackboard model of communication complexity (with number-in-hand input). This version is more amenable to lower bounds, and in this paper we show that the subgraph detection problem studied in [8] requires polynomially many rounds for several classes of subgraphs. We also give upper bounds for the subgraph detection problem, and relate the hardness of triangle detection in the broadcast congested clique to the communication complexity of set disjointness in the 3-party number-on-forehead model.
Gene expression profiling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.

RATIONALE Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a common and disabling lung disease for which there are few therapeutic options. OBJECTIVES We reasoned that gene expression profiling of COPD lungs could reveal previously unidentified disease pathways. METHODS Forty-eight human lung samples were obtained from tissue resected from five nonsmokers, 21 GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stage 0, 9 GOLD stage 1, 10 GOLD stage 2, and 3 GOLD stage 3 patients. mRNA from the specimens was profiled using Agilent's Functional ID v2.0 array (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) containing 23,720 sequences. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The gene expression pattern was influenced by the percentage of the sample made up of parenchyma. Gene expression was related to forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF(25-75%) % predicted) revealing a signature gene set of 203 transcripts. Genes involved in extracellular matrix synthesis/degradation and apoptosis were among the up-regulated genes, whereas genes that participate in antiinflammatory responses were down-regulated. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR), and thrombospondin (THBS1) by alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells. Genes in this pathway have been shown to be involved in the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and matrix metalloproteinases and are subject to inhibition by SERPINE2. Interestingly, both TGF-beta1 and SERPINE2 have been identified as candidate genes in COPD genetic linkage and association studies. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that genes involved in tissue remodeling and repair are differentially regulated in the lungs of obstructed smokers and suggest that they are potential therapeutic targets. Data deposited in GEO at http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/geo/query/acc.cgi? acc=GSE8500.
A compilation system that integrates High Performance Fortran and Fortran M

Task parallelism and data parallelism are often seen as mutually exclusive approaches to parallel programming. Yet there are important classes of application, for example in multidisciplinary simulation and in command and control, that would benefit from an integration of the two approaches. In this paper, we describe a programming system that we are developing to explore this sort of integration. This system builds on previous work on task-parallel and data-parallel Fortran compilers to provide an environment in which the task-parallel language Fortran M can be used to coordinate data-parallel High Performance Fortran tasks. We use an image processing problem to illustrate the issues that arise when building an integrated compilation system of this sort. <<ETX>>
Extending Winograd's small convolution algorithm to longer lengths

For short data sequences, Winograd's convolution algorithms attaining the minimum number of multiplications also attain a low number of additions, making them very efficient. However, for longer lengths they require a larger number of additions. Winograd's approach is usually extended to longer lengths by using a nesting approach such as the Agarwal-Cooley (1977) or Split-Nesting algorithms. Although these nesting algorithms are organizationally quite simple, they do not make the greatest use of the factorability of the data sequence length. The algorithm we propose adheres to Winograd's original approach more closely than do the nesting algorithms. By evaluating polynomials over simple matrices we retain, in algorithms for longer lengths, the basic structure and strategy of Winograd's approach, thereby designing computationally refined algorithms. This tactic is arithmetically profitable because Winograd's approach is based on a theory of minimum multiplicative complexity. <<ETX>>
LGES: A Large Graph Embedding System

Many convenient graph drawing tools have been developed to visualize the relational information among the large massive data sets. This paper presents a new system for drawing large undirected graphs in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional space, called LGES. It employs a fast novel algorithm to beautify the layouts, which adopts the multi-level method as the framework of the algorithm, and uses the improved force-directed algorithm to refine the single-level layouts. Experiments prove its high performance and nice results. It takes around 5 seconds to draw 10,000 vertex graphs in the two- dimensional space and around 40 seconds in the three- dimensional space. Moreover, the independent components provided by the LGES system are attractive for its further development and application.
Saprc-07 Chemical Mechanism Peer Review Comments 1. Implementation of Saprc-07 Mechanism in 3-d Airshed Model and Comparison to Saprc-99

A condensed version of the SAPRC-07 mechanism (Carter, 2008) was implemented in a 3-D air quality model and applied to the Los Angeles area as part of the present review. The CIT airshed model was used; see Martien et al. (2003 and 2006) for description of model input data. The summer 1997 emission inventory was used here. Martien et al. used an extended version of SAPRC-99 that had many individual organic species treated explicitly so that incremental reactivities could be studied; here a more standard version of SAPRC-99 was used, with 5 lumped alkanes, ethene, isoprene, 2 lumped anthropogenic alkenes, lumped terpenes, and 2 lumped aromatics. To help ensure that any differences in model results were due to differences in the descriptions of atmospheric chemistry, the dry deposition calculations were turned off, and secondary aerosol formation was likewise disabled in these 3-D model test runs. The version of SAPRC-07 used was CS07A without chlorine chemistry. This mechanism uses the same operator species as in the earlier SAPRC-99, and is compatible with existing mechanism preparation software. Airshed model outputs using CS07A were compared against analogous predictions obtained using the older SAPRC-99 mechanism. The emissions in both model runs were identical, except that ALK1, ALK2 and ALK3 were lumped together (with reactivity weighting) in SAPRC-07, and likewise ALK4 and ALK5 were combined (unweighted sum). Also acetone (ACET) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) emissions in SAPRC-99 were combined with reactivity weighting and represented using PROD2 in SAPRC-07. The summary table below provides some further details on relevant mechanisms. # of reactions (no chlorine chemistry) 139 221 210 # of species (excluding constant) 47 74 74 In this test case, airshed model run time decreased by 30% relative to SAPRC-99 when condensed SAPRC-07 (CS07A) was used. This will speed up 3-D air quality models that currently use SAPRC-99: large numbers of computational cells are involved and the numerical integration of stiff systems of differential equations describing atmospheric chemistry can be a major contributor to the overall computational burden. The speed-up of 30% reported here is in reasonable agreement with the decrease in the number of active chemical species being tracked in CS07A relative to SAPRC-99, as shown above. There is a similar reduction in the number of chemical reactions listed as well. Note that these test runs were deliberately simplified by turning off secondary 1 aerosol and dry deposition calculations; the speed-up in air …