Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Likelihood of Acquaintance Rape as a Function of Males’ Sexual Expectations, Disappointment, and Adherence to Rape-Conducive Attitudes

Past research has found that individual differences in both attitudinal and situational variables may be associated with males’ likelihood of acquaintance rape (LAR). The present research was conducted to examine the predictive value of both attitudinal and situational factors on males’ likelihood of forcing a female acquaintance to have non-consensual sexual intercourse. In Study 1, male and female respondents (Rs) were presented with a scenario depicting a hypothetical sexual interaction between the respondent and a newly acquainted member of the opposite sex. As the encounter progressed from one sexual activity to the next, Rs made three ratings regarding their own and partner’s intent to engage in each successive activity. The scenario ended with the female refusing further activity and males’ affect ratings, adherence to attitudes conducive of rape, and LAR were measured. Males’ initial perceptions of female sexual intent (to later engage in sexual intercourse) best predicted LAR. Study 2 was conducted to examine the role of female sexual communication on perceptions of consent to sexual intercourse. Rs were presented with a scenario similar to that in Study 1, but at each stage were requested to rate the extent to which the female had consented to engage in each sexual activity. Males completed the same affect and attitudinal measures. The results of Study 2 again suggested that males’ initial perception of female consent to (later) engage in sexual intercourse best predicted LAR. The present research suggests that further investigation into the role of situational factors and males’ initial perception of sexual intent and consent in the aetiology of acquaintance rape is required.
Detection of seminal fluid proteins in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

SUMMARY The global increase of the human parasite, the common bed bug Cimex lectularius, calls for specific pest control target sites. The bed bug is also a model species for sexual conflict theory which suggests that seminal fluids may be highly diverse. The species has a highly unusual sperm biology and seminal proteins may have unique functions. One-dimensional PAGE gels showed 40–50% band sharing between C. lectularius and another cimicid species, Afrocimex constrictus. However, adult, sexually rested C. lectularius males were found to store 5–7 μg of seminal protein and with only 60 μg of protein we obtained informative 2-D PAGE gels. These showed 79% shared protein spots between 2 laboratory populations, and more than half of the shared protein spots were detected in the mated female. Further analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry revealed that 26·5% of the proteins had matches among arthropods in databases and 14·5% matched Drosophila proteins. These included ubiquitous proteins but also those more closely associated with reproduction such as moj 29, ubiquitin, the stress-related elongation factor EF-1alpha, a protein disulfide isomerase and an antioxidant, Peroxiredoxin 6.
Enhancing the spaces of reflection

Innovation in enhancing the reflective abilities of physical education trainee teachers was explored in this study through establishing peer ‘training buddies’ during their school placements. Opportunities for active engagement in peer- and self-reflection were provided to full-time Post-Graduate Secondary Physical Education trainee teachers (n = 23). Data were collected through surveys, focus group interviews and trainee reflections shared through online discussion boards. Prior to their first school placement trainees were assigned a peer training buddy. Whilst on placement, they recorded each other teaching a physical education lesson; immediately afterwards, the pair watched the recorded lesson and conducted a joint evaluation. This dialogue allowed them to engage in reflective discussion. The process was repeated during the trainees’ second placement with a different peer training buddy. Grounded theory methodology informed an emergent model of reflective practice. By being and having a training buddy, trainees created, enabled and negotiated their own rules, structures and practices for implementing the process. Common themes emerging from the data pointed to a series of mutually-created spaces: safe – non-judgemental and creating a sense of solidarity; relaxed – non-pressured and conversational; equal – involving all participants at the same stage and status; pedagogic – collaborative and involving the sharing of ideas; negotiated – allowing autonomy and ownership of the process; and alternative – experiencing a different school environment. Trainees endorsed the peer review process as a method of engaging in critical reflection. The data illustrated the positive benefits that can be derived from sharing feedback with a peer. The emergent theory presented suggests that the collaborative spaces created by training buddies enhance reflective ability and practice.
Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves

Abstract. Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Diagnosis and treatment of this condition are often hindered by the difficulties in making objective, noninvasive measurements of nerve fibers. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has the ability to obtain high resolution, specific images of peripheral nerves without exogenous contrast. We demonstrated the first proof-of-concept imaging of peripheral nerves using PAM. As validated by both standard histology and photoacoustic spectroscopy, the origin of photoacoustic signals is myelin, the primary source of lipids in the nerves. An extracted sciatic nerve sandwiched between two layers of chicken tissue was imaged by PAM to mimic the in vivo case. Ordered fibrous structures inside the nerve, caused by the bundles of myelin-coated axons, could be observed clearly. With further technical improvements, PAM can potentially be applied to monitor and diagnose peripheral neuropathies.
The New Leader: A Synthesis of Leadership Research in Australia and New Zealand

This article presents the findings of a recently completed synthesis of leadership research conducted through the mid-1990s in Australia and New Zealand. Differences and similarities in implications between Australasia and North America are identified. The implications of those findings for the profile of effective middle management business leadership generally are also discussed. Four integrating themes are identifed. They are (1) the issue of leader self-development, (2) the importance to leadership of learning, (3) the importance of leaders being both transformational and transactional, and (4) the identification of a number of paradigm shifts in thinking about leadership. A proposed over-arching theme is that of 'leader self-assessment'. In addition, a profile of the new successful leader of the future is proposed, as are a number of implications for practitioners that came as a result of this research. Finally, future research directions are identified.
Urban Residents' Subtle Prejudice towards Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China : The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Adaptation Styles

The household registration system (Hukou) implemented by the Chinese government divides the Chinese society into two groups: urban residents and rural residents. Since the 1980s, millions of rural residents have migrated to cities without official permission. In this paper, we investigate urban residents' subtle prejudice towards rural-to-urban migrants. Specifically, the impacts of urban residents' socioeconomic status (SES) and their perception of migrants' adaptation styles are examined. A sample including 457 Chinese urban residents is taken from four cities in China. Educational and occupational levels are used to indicate urban residents' SES. Four adaptation styles (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization) are manipulated by using vignettes. The results show that SES has a negative impact on urban residents' subtle prejudice. This link is further moderated by urban residents' perceptions of migrants' adaptations: the negative effect of SES on subtle prejudice holds only under a perception of integration or assimilation and disappears under a perception of separation or marginalization. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of evidence must guide risk assessment of asbestos, by Lenters, V; Burdorf, A; Vermeulen, R; Stayner, L; Heederik, D.

In 2011, Lenters et al. (2011) published a metaanalysis of the relationship between asbestos exposure and consequent lung cancer risk. In 2012, this journal published a critique (Berman and Case, 2012) of the meta-analysis, together with a response (Lenters et al., 2012) by (most of) the original authors. This letter examines some statistical issues raised in this exchange, and suggests that the main finding of the original meta-analysis is less robust than claimed, and should be interpreted cautiously. Lenters et al. performed their calculations in SAS, using a random effects approach and estimating between study variance using restricted maximum likelihood. The present calculations are made on the same basis, but using the R package ‘metafor’ (Viechtbauer, 2010). The central claim of the original meta-analysis was that ‘studies with higher quality asbestos exposure assessment yield higher meta-estimates of the lung cancer risk per unit of exposure’, and the essence of Berman and Case’s critique was that this conclusion was based on estimates that were in many cases not conventionally statistically significant, and were additionally over-reliant on the findings from 1 of the 19 studies examined. Table 1 of Lenters et al. (2011) lists the studies, and this letter uses the numbering given there. In their response, Lenters et al. (2012) reiterate the three lines of meta-analytical finding on which they base their conclusion:
Multi-band miniaturized slot antenna with multi-band impedance matching circuit

This manuscript describes the design and implementation of miniaturized slot antenna with two-stage impedance matching circuit for 800MHz and 2GHz up and down link multiband application. The impedance matching circuit is based on the 2-stage band-pass filter (BPF). We fabricated this multi-band slot antenna on FR4 substrate and measured the radiation patterns and frequency characteristics. Also, the proposed multiband antenna was implemented on the main circuit board and tested the frequency properties.
Regulation of urinary ACE 2 in diabetic mice

Jan Wysocki, Laura Garcia-Halpin, Minghao Ye, Christoph Maier, Kurt Sowers, Kevin D. Burns, and Daniel Batlle Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Small-World Networks, Complex Systems and Sociology

This article engages with the current literature on `small world networks'. I argue that this literature could be very important for sociology but that much of the sociological content and purchase of early work has been overlooked in recent contributions. I then reflect upon four social systems which appear to manifest small worldliness, arguing that small-world issues and concepts acquire significance and value when considered in relation to these (and other) systems.The aim of the article is to consider how and in what ways current discussions of the small-world problem could be of significance to sociology.
Preserving time in large-scale communication traces

Analyzing the performance of large-scale scientific applications is becoming increasingly difficult due to the sheer size of performance data gathered. Recent work on scalable communication tracing applies online interprocess compression to address this problem. Yet, analysis of communication traces requires knowledge about time progression that cannot trivially be encoded in a scalable manner during compression. We develop scalable time stamp encoding schemes for communication traces. At the same time, our work contributes novel insights into the scalable representation of time stamped data. We show that our representations capture sufficient information to enable what-if explorations of architectural variations and analysis for path-based timing irregularities while not requiring excessive disk space. We evaluate the ability of several time-stamped compressed MPI trace approaches to enable accurate timed replay of communication events. Our lossless traces are orders of magnitude smaller, if not near constant size, regardless of the number of nodes while preserving timing information suitable for application tuning or assessing requirements of future procurements. Our results prove time-preserving tracing without loss of communication information can scale in the number of nodes and time steps, which is a result without precedent.
The Interactive Effects of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Politics on Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from Two Longitudinal Studies

We explore the effects of the social context on the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and perceived organizational support (POS) in two studies. We build on the premise that psychological contract breach (i.e. the organization's failure to fulfil the obligations employees believe they are owed) signals to employees that they are not cared for and valued by the organization (i.e. reduces POS). In support, a longitudinal study of 310 employees shows that PCB at Time 1 explains significant variance in POS at Time 2 (beyond that explained by POS at Time 1). Building on this result, we advance the argument that employees' perceptions of organizational politics serve as a heuristic for the overall benevolent or malevolent character of the organization and its agents. Accordingly, we expect that when employees perceive PCB and high levels of organizational politics, they will be more likely to hold the organization responsible for PCB and thus report lower levels of POS in response to breach. This line of reasoning received support in a second study of 146 employees which showed that perceptions of organizational politics moderate the PCB–POS relationship. Our results suggest that the social context in which psychological contract breaches occur matters and that managers should consider the organization's perceived political landscape when anticipating how employees will respond to broken promises.
FACT: fine-grained cross-media interaction with documents via a portable hybrid paper-laptop interface

FACT is an interactive paper system for fine-grained interaction with documents across the boundary between paper and computers. It consists of a small camera-projector unit, a laptop, and ordinary paper documents. With the camera-projector unit pointing to a paper document, the system allows a user to issue pen gestures on the paper document for selecting fine-grained content and applying various digital functions. For example, the user can choose individual words, symbols, figures, and arbitrary regions for keyword search, copy and paste, web search, and remote sharing. FACT thus enables a computer-like user experience on paper. This paper interaction can be integrated with laptop interaction for cross-media manipulations on multiple documents and views. We present the infrastructure, supporting techniques and interaction design, and demonstrate the feasibility via a quantitative experiment. We also propose applications such as document manipulation, map navigation and remote collaboration.
Bitext alignment for statistical machine translation

Bitext alignment is the task of finding translation equivalence between documents in two languages, collections of which are commonly known as bitext. This dissertation addresses the problems of statistical alignment at various granularities from sentence to word with the goal of creating Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems. SMT systems are statistical pattern processors based on parameterized models estimated from aligned bitext training collections. The collections are large enough that alignments must be created using automatic methods. The bitext collections are often available as aligned documents, such as news stories, which usually need to be further aligned at the sentence level and the word level before statistics can be extracted from the bitext. We develop statistical models that are learned from data in an unsupervised way. Language independent alignment algorithms are derived for efficiency and effectiveness. We first address the problem of extracting bitext chunk pairs, which are translation segments at the sentence or sub-sentence level. To extract these bitext chunk pairs, we formulate a model of translation as a stochastic generative model over parallel documents, and derive several different alignment procedures through various formulations of the component distributions. Based on these models we propose a hierarchical chunking procedure that produces chunk pairs by a series of alignment operations in which coarse alignment of large sections of text is followed by a more detailed alignment of their subsections. We show practical benefits with this chunking scheme, observing in particular that it makes efficient use of bitext by aligning sections of text that simpler procedures would discard as spurious. For the problem of word alignment in bitext, we propose a novel Hidden Markov Model based Word-to-Phrase (WtoP) alignment model, which is formulated so that alignment and parameter estimation can be performed efficiently using standard HMM algorithms. We find that the word alignment performance of the WtoP model is comparable to that of IBM Model-4, currently considered the state of the art, even in processing large bitext collections. We use this Word-to-Phrase model to define a posterior distribution over translation phrase pairs in the bitext, and develop a phrase-pair extraction procedure based on this posterior distribution. We show that this use of the phrase translation posterior distribution allows us to extract a richer inventory of phrases than results from with current techniques. In the evaluation of large Chinese-English SMT systems, we find that systems derived from word-aligned bitext created using the WtoP model perform comparably to systems derived from Model-4 word alignments, and in Arabic-English we find significant gains from using WtoP alignments.
Association of p60fyn with middle tumor antigen in murine polyomavirus-transformed rat cells

Rabbit antisera raised against human FYN-specific peptides were used to evaluate the expression of the fyn gene product in normal and murine polyomavirus middle tumor antigen (MTAg)-transformed rat cells. The antisera were capable of detecting p60fyn in both normal and MTAg-transformed cells. Two different antisera directed against unique p60fyn sequences were found to detect p60fyn-MTAg complexes in cell lysates from the MTAg-transformed cells. The MTAg molecules immunoprecipitated by FYN antisera were phosphorylated on tyrosine during immune-complex kinase reactions at sites similar to those found on MTAg in complexes with pp60c-src. Whereas the abundance of p60fyn was estimated to be less in the MTAg-transformed cells than in their normal counterparts, the specific activities of p60fyn molecules in the normal and transformed cells were similar.
BlindAid: Virtual environment system for self-reliant trip planning and orientation and mobility training

BlindAid is a virtual environment (VE) system that enables blind people to more easily learn about new environments on their own. The system is implemented on a desktop personal computer with a Phantom? haptic interface and three-dimensional spatialized audio. In addition to providing blind users with non-visual stimuli similar to what they will depend on in the actual environment, the system is designed to enhance and accelerate the user's understanding of the unknown environment by giving him/her the ability to interact with the VE in ways that are not possible in the real world. The BlindAid system was developed and evaluated as part of an experimental study related to how people who are blind build cognitive maps of their physical environment and how recent advances in VE technology might support orientation and mobility (O&M) training. The current system is able to provide a visual display and record the user's actions in the VE for later review by researchers and O&M instructors. The paper focuses on the technical development of the system with some results from an initial evaluation by four blind volunteers.
Declarative, formal, and extensible syntax definition for aspectJ

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is attracting attention from both research and industry, as illustrated by the ever-growing popularity of AspectJ, the de facto standard AOP extension of Java. From a compiler construction perspective AspectJ is interesting as it is a typical example of compositional language, ie a language composed of a number of separate languages with different syntactical styles: in addition to plain Java, AspectJ includes a language for defining pointcuts and one for defining advices. Language composition represents a non-trivial challenge for conventional parsing techniques. First, combining several languages with different lexical syntax leads to considerable complexity in the lexical states to processed. Second, as new language features for AOP are being explored, many research proposals are concerned with further extending the AspectJ language, resulting in a need for an extensible syntax definition.This paper shows how scannerless parsing elegantly addresses the issues encountered by conventional techniques when parsing AspectJ . We present the design of a modular, extensible, and formal definition of the lexical and context-free aspects of the AspectJ syntax in the Syntax Definition Formalism SDF, which is implemented by a scannerless, generalized-LR parser (SGLR). We introduce grammar mixins as a novel application of SDF's modularity features, which allows the declarative definition of different keyword policies and combination of extensions. We illustrate the modular extensibility of our definition with syntax extensions taken from current research on aspect languages. Finally, benchmarks show the reasonable performance of scannerless generalized-LR parsing for this grammar.
Reported contraceptive use, risk behaviours and STIs among military conscripts in Estonian defence forces

Limited research exists on sexually transmitted infection (STI) and risk behaviour among military personnel. Published research on condom use and types of contraceptives used yield mixed results, yet, the perception that military members are at higher risk for STIs remains. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to measure factors such as condom use, contraceptive methods, and risky behaviours (i.e. drug use and sex with commercial sex workers) and investigate differences between ethnic groups, where culture could influence behaviour. Data were collected from a recruited population of 584 male, military conscripts in northeastern Europe. Using multinomial logistic regression models, statistically significant findings include an interaction between the use of contraceptive methods of Russians with casual partners and ethnicity, with higher odds of effective methods used among Estonians with regular partners (OR = 8.13) or casual partners (OR = 11.58) and Russians with regular partners (OR = 4.98). Effective contraceptive methods used less frequently with casual partners by ethnic Russians is important in providing education and risk reduction services to young, male conscripts. These findings may be used as a baseline to inform health education and STI prevention programmes tailored to military members in Eastern Europe in the absence of other published studies.