Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy consumption in RC tree circuits

In this paper, resistance-capacitance (RC) tree networks are modeled in terms of their energy consumption associated with an input transition. This work significantly extends the results that the same authors previously obtained in the specific case of ladder networks with only ramp signals. The proposed approach to model the energy consumption is based on a single-pole approximation, in which an equivalent time constant is analytically derived from an exact analysis for very slow and very fast input transitions. The model is then extended to arbitrary values of the input rise time by exploiting some intrinsic properties of RC tree networks. The approach is completely analytical and leads to closed-form results. Analytical results are explicitly derived for different inputs, such as the ramp and the exponential waveforms which are usually encountered in current VLSI circuits, as well as the saturated sine input. Due to its simplicity, the proposed energy expression is suitable for pencil-and-paper evaluation and allows for an intuitive understanding of the network dissipation. The energy expression proposed is shown to be accurate enough for modeling purposes through comparison with SPICE simulations.
Optimal LQG coding and control over communication channels: An existence and an infeasibility result

This paper studies the problem of joint coding for and control of a plant over a discrete or continuous noisy memoryless channel. One main result the paper presents is that under certain assumptions, optimal coding and control policies exist and are stationary. It is also shown that for the remote control of an open-loop unstable system over a discrete noisy communication channel, if the system is driven by a Brownian disturbance, stationary memoryless coding schemes or innovation coding schemes lead to an unstable system. This result is true even when the capacity of the discrete channel is arbitrarily high, but finite. In particular, sensor and controller designs for control of systems driven by noise over communication networks when modeled as continuous alphabet erasure channels, lead to instability when are applied to realistic channels. Conditions ensuring stability leading to a recurrent Markov chain are presented. To achieve this, one needs to use coding policies with non-trivial memory constructions.
ColVa1 and ColXIa1 are required for myocardial morphogenesis and heart valve development

Genetic mutations in minor fibrillar collagen types Va1 (ColVa1) and XIa1 (ColXI) have been identified in connective tissue disorders including Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and chondrodysplasias. ColVa1+/− and ColXIa1−/− mutant mice recapitulate these human disorders and show aberrations in collagen fiber organization in connective tissue of the skin, cornea, cartilage, and tendon. In the heart, fibrous networks of collagen fibers form throughout the ventricular myocardium and heart valves, and alterations in collagen fiber homeostasis are apparent in many forms of cardiac disease associated with myocardial dysfunction and valvular insufficiency. There is increasing evidence for cardiac dysfunction in connective tissue disorders, but the mechanisms have not been addressed. ColVa1+/− and ColXIa1−/− mutant mice were used to identify roles for ColVa1 and ColXIa1 in ventricular myocardial morphogenesis and heart valve development. These affected cardiac structures show a compensatory increase in type I collagen deposition, similar to that previously described in valvular and cardiomyopathic disease. Morphological cardiac defects associated with changes in collagen fiber homeostasis identified in ColVa1+/− and ColXIa1−/− mice provide an insight into previously unappreciated forms of cardiac dysfunction associated with connective tissue disorders. Developmental Dynamics 235:3295–3305, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of badminton on health markers in untrained females

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the health effects of 8 weeks of recreational badminton in untrained women. Participants were matched for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and body fat percentage and assigned to either a badminton (n = 14), running (n = 14) or control group (n = 8). Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention with physiological, anthropometric, motivation to exercise and physical self-esteem data collected. Post-intervention, V̇O2max increased (P < 0.05) by 16% and 14% in the badminton and running groups, respectively, and time to exhaustion increased (P < 0.05) by 19% for both interventions. Maximal power output was increased (P < 0.05) by 13% in the badminton group only. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and heart rate during submaximal running were lower (P < 0.05) in both interventions. Perceptions of physical conditioning increased (P < 0.05) in both interventions. There were increases (P < 0.05) in enjoyment and ill health motives in the running group only, whilst affiliation motives were higher (P < 0.05) for the badminton group only. Findings suggest that badminton should be considered a strategy to improving the health and well-being of untrained females who are currently not meeting physical activity guidelines.
Commercial Goat Farming in India: An Emerging Agri-Business Opportunity

The status, economics and prospects of commercialization of goat production in the country have been analyzed using primary data from 18 commercial goat farms in different states. It has been revealed that several large and progressive farmers, businessman and industrialists have adopted commercial goat farming. The entry of large farmers, who have better access to technical knowledge, resources and market, into this activity would help in realizing the potential of goat enterprise. A majority of commercial goat farms have been found operating with positive net returns. Goat rearing has been found equally rewarding under both intensive and semi-intensive systems of management. Intensification and commercialisation of goat enterprise has been recorded important because of shrinking of resources for extensive grazing. Commercialisation would help in increasing the goat productivity and bridging the demand-supply gap. However, use of improved technologies, particularly prophylaxis, superior germ plasm, low cost feeds and fodders, and innovative marketing of the produce would be the pre-conditions for successful commercial goat production.
An efficient contract signing protocol using the aggregate signature scheme to protect signers' privacy and promote reliability

Contract signing conducted over the Internet arouses concerns of fairness. Two signing parties exchange their signatures in a fair manner, so that no party can gain an advantage over the other. This paper will discuss the security issues of signers' privacy and reliability of the system for the contract signing protocol. The trusted third party (TTP), responsible for maintaining the fairness in the protocol, cannot get useful information about the exchanged signatures by solving the dispute between two parties. The concept of semi-trusted third party (STTP) adopted from Franklin and Reiter's paper (in 1997) can be used to reach our goal. However, Franklin and Reiter's protocol uses an on-line third party and is inapplicable to the exchange of signatures. Hence, we propose an efficient contract signing protocol with off-line STTP using the aggregate signature proposed by Boneh and Gentry. Furthermore, the use of aggregate signature and bilinear pairings will effectually promote system reliability.
Reliability Modeling: Linear Combination and Ratio of Exponential and Rayleigh

The distributions of linear combinations, and ratios of random variables arise explicitly in many reliability problems. This has increased the need to have available the widest possible range of statistical results on products of random variables. In this paper, the exact distributions of alphaX+betaY, and X/Y are derived when X, and Y follow two of the most applied models in reliability. Computer programs for calculating the associated percentage points are also given
STRUCTURAL SEGMENTATION WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS MIREX SUBMISSION

This submission to the MIREX 2015 Music Structural Segmentation task employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify boundaries within a piece of digital audio. The network was trained on a combination of mel-scaled log-magnitude spectrograms (MLSs) and selfsimilarity lag matrices (SSLMs) with two-level human structural annotations following the SALAMI guidelines. It is based on our work presented in Grill and Schlüter [3]. Apart from detecting boundaries, our submission also attempts to assign labels to the resulting segments using a simple model based on 2D-DCTs and a cosine distance measure.
Characteristics evaluation of dense multipath component in 11GHz-band indoor environment

In the fifth-generation mobile communication system, the utilization of higher frequency band above 10 GHz has been widely investigated to improve the network capacity because the wide band spectrum is expected to be available. However in the higher frequency bands, in addition to the higher propagation loss, the diffuse scattering will affect the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel characteristic more significantly. In this paper, the 11 GHz band MIMO channel measurements were conducted in a LoS indoor environment to clarify the characteristics of diffuse scatters in the higher frequency band. Dense Multipath Component (DMC) parameters were estimated by using RiMAX algorithm. The measurement result shows that there was a strong DMC that was due to the diffuse scattering from the floor and the ceiling between the Tx and the Rx. The result also shows that the characteristics of the DMC had the directional and the polarization dependencies that were different from RiMAX DMC model.
Efficient modeling of numerous trees by introducing growth volume for real‐time virtual ecosystems

This study suggests a growth volume system for the efficient modeling of numerous trees for a real‐time virtual ecosystem. To increase the efficiency of the real‐time system and to allow natural tree generation, the basic tree modeling system obtains its growth rule by means of botany‐based self‐organizing under a recursive hierarchy structure. On the basis of this rule, growth volume was introduced and controlled to generate numerous trees in a virtual ecosystem more intuitively, which allows the generation of various trees. The reality of the expression was increased by including the effects of external factors, such as light, physical obstacles, and other trees. Finally, an instancing‐based branch control procedure was added to enable an efficient rendering of the real‐time ecosystem. Experiments were performed to verify whether various and natural trees could be generated and numerous trees in the virtual ecosystem can be easily modeled on the basis of the suggested growth volume, which shows the efficiency of the real‐time ecosystem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of retinoid signaling pathways in the developing eye and retina of the chicken embryo

Retinoid signaling has been implicated as an important regulator of retinal development and differentiation. We have used state of the art high‐pressure liquid chromatography to identify and quantitate biologically active retinoids, immunohistochemistry to localize the retinoic acid synthetic enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), and nucleic acid assays to quantitate and localize retinoid receptor gene transcripts in the developing eye and retina of the chicken. Our results demonstrate spatial distinctions in retinoid synthesis and signaling that may be related to laminar differentiation in the developing retina. Retinoic acids (RAs) and their precursor retinols (ROHs) are the predominant retinoids in the developing eye. All‐trans‐RA and all‐trans‐3,4‐didehydro‐RA are present in the neuroepithelium in approximately equal amounts from early stages of neurogenesis until shortly before hatching. The retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand 9‐cis‐RA is undetectable at all stages; if present, it cannot exceed a small percentage of the total RA content. RAs are not detected in the pigment epithelium. All‐trans‐ROH is present in the neuroepithelium and pigment epithelium, whereas all‐trans‐3,4‐didehydro‐ROH is detected only in the pigment epithelium and/or the choroid and sclera. RALDH2 immunoreactivity is intense in the choroid, low or absent in the pigment epithelium, and moderate in the neuroepithelium, where it is highest in the outer layers. Transcripts of all five chicken retinoid receptor genes are present in the neural retina and eye throughout development. During the period of neurogenesis, at least three of the receptors (RARγ, RXRγ, RXRα), exhibit dynamic patterns of differential localization within the depths of the neural retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:324–335, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding psychological distress in Ménière's disease: A systematic review

Abstract It has long been suspected that psychological disturbance is common in Ménière's disease (MD), but there has been no systematic review of research on this topic since 1977. The aim of this review was to investigate whether components of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or health anxiety contribute to distress, so that support and psychological therapy can be tailored better to the particular problems of people with MD. We systematically identified all studies of psychological factors associated with MD between 1977 and 2004. We then tabulated the findings from each of the 28 studies to match them to the components of PTSD and health anxiety. Levels of psychosocial impairment and distress were comparable to patients with similar illness. Evidence was found for some of the components of both PTSD and health anxiety. We conclude that more specific research into PTSD-like symptoms and health anxiety in MD is needed. There was a general lack of research into psychological mechanisms contributing to distress in this population, many studies had methodological weaknesses, and only one qualitative and one longitudinal study had been carried out.
Understanding, evaluating, and supporting self-regulated learning using learning analytics

Self-regulated learning is an ongoing process rather than a single snapshot in time. Naturally, the field of learning analytics, focusing on interactions and learning trajectories, offers exciting opportunities for analyzing and supporting self-regulated learning. This special section highlights the current state of research in the intersect of self-regulated learning and learning analytics, bridging communities, disciplines, and schools of thoughts. In this editorial, we introduce the papers and identify themes and challenges in understanding and support self-regulated learning in interactive learning environments.
Why do we expect carotenoids to be antioxidants in vivo?

The antioxidant properties of β-carotene, in addition to its proposed immunomodulatory effects, have often been cited as the factors underlying its role in preventing disease initiation and propagation, yet the strongest evidence for diet and cancer prevention is based on fruit and vegetable intake and not β-carotene or other dietary carotenoids, per se. In the light of the outcome of the ATBC trial, the Physicians Health Study and the premature termination of the CARET study, this review addresses the issue of the antioxidant properties of the carotenoids and poses the questions: do dietary carotenes and xanthophylls have a clear role in disease prevention and are their antioxidant properties relevant to this role? What. do we know about their mechanisms of action in vitro as free radical scavengers?
Naturalistic assessments in psychiatry

Research in psychiatry could speeden its progress by taking the manifest heterogenity and variability of symptom expression within diagnostic groups more fully into account. Since Kraepelin symptom variation has been recognized to have both biological and environmental roots. If investigated systematically, such variations in illness experience will yield new subtypes that will provide greater insight into the onset, course and vulnerability of mental disorders. Studies ranging from population surveys to the laboratory have demonstrated that psychopathology is not randomly distributed in a population, nor is it constantly present in the lives of individuals. At both the population and the person levels, psychopathology varies with time and place. At the population level, illness processes localize in risk groups, who often reside in specific neighbourhoods or social settings. The individual experience of psychopathology also fluctuates with time, place and culture. This variability requires methods for case detection and treatment planning that take this into account.
Temperance battle songs: the musical war against alcohol

Abstract In common with similar popular pressure groups, the temperance movement needed to inspire, to inform and to integrate its members, and music was a vital tool to fulfil these functions. This article explores temperance music, particularly songs, performed in a range of contexts from concerts of 15,000 voices to the individual use of material produced in songbooks and periodicals. The tonic sol-fa movement grew symbiotically with the drive for temperance and, with developments in printing and distribution, this musical technology enabled the effective spreading of the temperance message through activity and entertainment. A case study of songs for children reveals that, predictably, songs were informed by religion to some extent and acted as vehicles for propaganda, instilling principles and offering guidance. However, many were more martial and encouraged children to act as agents. Temperance songs were not merely instructive; many were designed to rouse the singer – and hearer – into action.
PEOPLE WITH COMMON PRIORS CAN AGREE TO DISAGREE

Abstract Robert Aumann presents his Agreement Theorem as the key conditional: “if two people have the same priors and their posteriors for an event A are common knowledge, then these posteriors are equal” (Aumann, 1976, p. 1236). This paper focuses on four assumptions which are used in Aumann’s proof but are not explicit in the key conditional: (1) that agents commonly know, of some prior μ, that it is the common prior; (2) that agents commonly know that each of them updates on the prior by conditionalization; (3) that agents commonly know that if an agent knows a proposition, she knows that she knows that proposition (the “KK” principle); (4) that agents commonly know that they each update only on true propositions. It is shown that natural weakenings of any one of these strong assumptions can lead to countermodels to Aumann’s key conditional. Examples are given in which agents who have a common prior and commonly know what probability they each assign to a proposition nevertheless assign that proposition unequal probabilities. To alter Aumann’s famous slogan: people can “agree to disagree”, even if they share a common prior. The epistemological significance of these examples is presented in terms of their role in a defense of the Uniqueness Thesis: If an agent whose total evidence is E is fully rational in taking doxastic attitude D to P, then necessarily, any subject with total evidence E who takes a different attitude to P is less than fully rational.
Risk and Protective Profiles Among Never Exposed, Single Form, and Multiple Form Violence Exposed Youth

This investigation integrated violence exposure with critical risk and protective factors linked to healthy adolescent adaptation and transition into early adulthood. A racially diverse sample of 848 adolescents identified as at-risk for school drop-out were assessed for no, single, or multiple forms of violence exposure. MANOVA tests revealed that youth with single form victimization fared more poorly than neverexposed youth, and that multiple-form victimization held the greatest jeopardy to development. Youth with multiple-form victimization reported significantly elevated risk factors (emotional distress, life stress, suicide risk, risky behaviors) and lower protective factors (social support, school engagement, family structure) than both single-form and never-exposed youth. Implications are discussed for preventive and early intervention programming and for examining the transition of at-risk youth into young adulthood.
Mathematical Modeling and Control of Standalone DFIG-DC System in Rotor Flux Reference Frame

The mathematical modeling of doubly fed induction machine (DFIG)-dc system, including dominant harmonic (fifth and seventh), along with its control in rotor flux reference frame is presented in this paper. Modeling of the system provides the feedforward terms that consist of the fundamental and oscillatory components of the current. The use of nonderivative feedforward terms with proportional integral can reduce the steady-state current ripple, but for controlling the transient current ripple use of resonant controller is suggested such that the use of derivative feedforward terms can be avoided. The resonant controller is capable of controlling the current ripple by itself, but its use with suitable feedforward terms can enhance the performance of the system. DC voltage regulation of standalone DFIG-dc system is obtained by four combinations of above mentioned controllers and feedforward terms. A comparison is made on performance of these control structures. Feedforward terms used in the control structure require decoupled currents. Therefore, decoupling of various currents in different d–q axes are obtained with mathematical understanding. The proposed control schemes are verified on 5.5-KW slip ring induction machine for standalone application.
Joining forces: first application of a rapamycin‐induced dimerizable Cre system for conditional null mutant analysis in Leishmania

Reverse genetics in Leishmania spp has gained importance beyond basic research as efforts increase to discover and validate new drug targets. Often, the most promising targets are essential for viability of the parasites, defying a genetic analysis by current gene replacement strategies. Duncan et al. demonstrate the applicability of DiCre recombination in Leishmania for induced replacement of the kinase CRK3 gene in promastigotes. DiCre gene replacement leads to the rapid loss of the gene and allows monitoring the phenotypic effects of the loss of function, eliminating the need for prolonged cultivation and selection. Implementation of the DiCre approach will allow functional genetics of the most important of Leishmania genes and is likely to boost genetic research and drug target discovery.
Landscape influence on spatial patterns of meningeal worm and liver fluke infection in white-tailed deer

SUMMARY Parasites that primarily infect white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), such as liver flukes (Fascioloides magna) and meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), can cause morbidity and mortality when incidentally infecting moose (Alces alces). Ecological factors are expected to influence spatial variation in infection risk by affecting the survival of free-living life stages outside the host and the abundance of intermediate gastropod hosts. Here, we investigate how ecology influenced the fine-scale distribution of these parasites in deer in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Deer pellet groups (N = 295) were sampled for the presence of P. tenuis larvae and F. magna eggs. We found that deer were significantly more likely to be infected with P. tenuis in habitats with less upland deciduous forest and more upland mixed conifer forest and shrub, a pattern that mirrored microhabitat differences in gastropod abundances. Deer were also more likely to be infected with F. magna in areas with more marshland, specifically rooted-floating aquatic marshes (RFAMs). The environment played a larger role than deer density in determining spatial patterns of infection for both parasites, highlighting the importance of considering ecological factors on all stages of a parasite's life cycle in order to understand its occurrence within the definitive host.