Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of 6 LoWPAN Routing Protocols

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group has standardized the transmission of internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets over IEEE 802.15. 4 low power wireless personal area network (LoWPAN) as 6LoWPAN protocol. It provides the wireless sensor network (WSN) node with IP communication capabilities by putting an adaptation layer above the 802.15. 4 link layer. Different mechanisms performed by adaptation layer require the 6LoWPAN header encapsulation in the packet. Although routing is among the key issues of 6LoWPAN research, the way to encapsulate a new routing header in the 6LoWPAN packet has yet been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, different ways of routing header encapsulation in 6LoWPAN protocol stack is discussed. The simplified version Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) such as On-Demand Distance Vector (LOAD) and Dynamic MANET On-demand for 6LoWPAN (DYMO-low) have currently been proposed in 6LoWPAN routing. Hierarchical routing (HiLow) is another routing protocol that is used in 6LoWPAN to increase the network scalability. Some comparisons of these routing protocols have been made in terms of their routing metric such as number of hops count. The used control messages for the route discovery in different routing protocols have also been investigated. These comparisons show that each routing protocol has its own advantage depends on the involved applications. There are some tradeoffs of respective routing protocols. The routing protocol that uses hello message may provide more reliable but results a higher delay in the packet routing.
Rapier: Integrating routing and scheduling for coflow-aware data center networks

In the data flow models of today's data center applications such as MapReduce, Spark and Dryad, multiple flows can comprise a coflow group semantically. Only completing all flows in a coflow is meaningful to an application. To optimize application performance, routing and scheduling must be jointly considered at the level of a coflow rather than individual flows. However, prior solutions have significant limitation: they only consider scheduling, which is insufficient. To this end, we present Rapier, a coflow-aware network optimization framework that seamlessly integrates routing and scheduling for better application performance. Using a small-scale testbed implementation and large-scale simulations, we demonstrate that Rapier significantly reduces the average coflow completion time (CCT) by up to 79.30% compared to the state-of-the-art scheduling-only solution, and it is readily implementable with existing commodity switches.
The Association between Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Genotype and Drug Resistance in Peru

Background The comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial genotypes with phenotypic, demographic, geospatial and clinical data improves our understanding of how strain lineage influences the development of drug-resistance and the spread of tuberculosis. Methods To investigate the association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial genotype with drug-resistance. Drug susceptibility testing together with genotyping using both 15-loci MIRU-typing and spoligotyping, was performed on 2,139 culture positive isolates, each from a different patient in Lima, Peru. Demographic, geospatial and socio-economic data were collected using questionnaires, global positioning equipment and the latest national census. Results The Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) clade (OR 2.4, p<0.001) was significantly associated with drug-resistance and alone accounted for more than half of all drug resistance in the region. Previously treated patients, prisoners and genetically clustered cases were also significantly associated with drug-resistance (OR's 2.5, 2.4 and 1.8, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively). Conclusions Tuberculosis disease caused by the LAM clade was more likely to be drug resistant independent of important clinical, genetic and socio-economic confounding factors. Explanations for this include; the preferential co-evolution of LAM strains in a Latin American population, a LAM strain bacterial genetic background that favors drug-resistance or the "founder effect" from pre-existing LAM strains disproportionately exposed to drugs.
Interactive segmentation of multi-dimensional medical data with contour-based application of genetic algorithms

The authors describe a method for contour-based segmentation of anatomical structures in tomographic images. The method requires three steps. First the authors manually trace one or more 2D contours of a structure of interest. Such contours are then used as training examples in designing a nonlinear edge-detector using a genetic algorithm. Finally, by applying the edge detector to the whole dataset the authors perform a 3D segmentation and surface reconstruction. Results obtained on magnetic resonance images of the brain are also reported. <<ETX>>
β‐Amyloid Neurotoxicity in Human Cortical Culture Is Not Mediated by Excitotoxins

Abstract: β‐Amyloid is a metabolic product of the amyloid precursor protein, which accumulates abnormally in senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The neurotoxicity of 0‐amyloid has been observed in cell culture and in vivo, but the mechanism of this effect is unclear. In this report, we describe the direct neurotoxicity of β‐amyloid in high‐density primary cultures of human fetal cortex. In 36‐day‐old cortical cultures, β‐amyloid neurotoxicity was not inhibited by the broad‐spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenate or the NMDA receptor antagonist D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid under conditions that inhibited glutamate and NMDA neurotoxicity. In 8‐day‐old cortical cultures, neurons were resistant to glutamate and NMDA toxicity but were still susceptible to β‐amyloid neurotoxicity, which was unaffected by excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists. Treatment with β‐amyloid caused chronic neurodegenera‐tive changes, including neuronal clumping and dystrophic neurites, whereas glutamate treatment caused rapid neuronal swelling and neurite fragmentation. These results suggest that β‐amyloid is directly neurotoxic to primary human cortical neurons by a mechanism that does not involve excitatory amino acid receptors.
Towards an In-Flight Infrared Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Network

In-flight entertainment systems are prone to many restrictions such as non-interference with aircraft control and navigation systems, bandwidth bottleneck, space and weight limitation. Based on light transmission, infrared technologies are excellent options of cabin wireless communication as they are lightweight, safe and interference-free. With the development of infrared and peer-to-peer networking technologies, there is a feasibility of setting up an in-flight wireless peer-to-peer network for streaming of media content with high level of quality and reliability. This paper provides an extensive review of state-of-the-art technologies that are relevant in setting up a new generation of aircraft media streaming networks using infrared communication and decentralized decision making.
Novel dual-Vth independent-gate FinFET circuits

This paper describes gate work function and oxide thickness tuning to realize novel circuits using dual-Vth independent-gate FinFETs. Dual-Vth FinFETs with independent gates enable series and parallel merge transformations in logic gates, realizing compact low power alternatives. Furthermore, they also enable the design of a new class of compact logic gates with higher expressive power and flexibility than conventional forms, e.g., implementing 12 unique Boolean functions using only four transistors. The gates are designed and calibrated using the University of Florida double-gate model into a technology library. Synthesis results for 14 benchmark circuits from the ISCAS and OpenSPARC suites indicate that on average, the enhanced library reduces delay, power, and area by 9%, 21%, and 27%, respectively, over a conventional library designed using FinFETs in 32nm technology.
The challenge of preserving cardiorespiratory fitness in physically inactive patients with colon or breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy: a randomised feasibility study

Introduction Anti-neoplastic treatment is synonymous with an inactive daily life for a substantial number of patients. It remains unclear what is the optimal setting, dosage and combination of exercise and health promoting components that best facilitate patient adherence and symptom management in order to support cardio-respiratory fitness and lifestyle changes in an at-risk population of pre-illness physically inactive cancer patients. Methods Patients with breast or colon cancer referred to adjuvant chemotherapy and by the oncologists pre-screening verified as physically inactive were eligible to enter a randomised three-armed feasibility study comparing a 12-week supervised hospital-based moderate to high intensity exercise intervention or alternate an instructive home-based12-week pedometer intervention, with usual care. Results Using a recommendation based physical activity screening instrument in order to correspond with cardio-respiratory fitness (VO2 peak) proved to be an applicable method to identify pre-illness physically inactive breast and colon cancer patients. The study demonstrated convincing recruitment (67%), safety and intervention adherence among breast cancer patients; while the attendance rate for colon cancer patients was notably lower (33%). VO2-peak declined on average 12% across study groups from baseline to 12 weeks though indices towards sustaining watt performance and reduce fat mass favoured the hospital-based intervention. Pedometer use was well adapted in both breast and colon cancer patients. Conclusions Despite a fair adherence and safety, the current study calls into question whether aerobic exercise, regardless of intensity, is able to increase VO2-peak during texane-based chemotherapy in combination with Neulasta in physically inactive breast cancer patients. Trial Registration: ISRCTN24901641
Leukemia‐Derived Dendritic Cells can be Generated from Blood or Bone Marrow Cells from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Methodological Approach under Serum‐Free Culture Conditions

Functional dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and can be generated in vitro from healthy as well as from leukaemic cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients giving rise to APC of leukaemic origin‐presenting leukaemic antigens. We describe the generation and characterization of DC from different mononuclear cell (MNC) fractions from 50 AML patients under different serum‐free culture conditions, determine the optimal culture conditions and compare the results with that from 23 healthy donors. In parallel cultures, we compared DC harvests after 7‐ or 14‐day culture, with total or adherent MNC or T‐cell depleted MNC or peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow‐MNC (BM–MNC), thawn or fresh MNC, in Xvivo or CellGro serum‐free media, ±10% autologous plasma or ±FL. In detail, we could show that AML–DC harvests were higher after 10–14 days culture (healthy DC: 7 days); total or adherent PB or BM–MNC fractions yield comparable DC counts, however, from magnetic cell sorting (MACS)‐depleted MNC fractions or thawn MNC lower DC counts can be generated. Whereas the addition of FL increases the DC harvest, the addition of autologous plasma in many cases has inhibitory influence on DC maturation. CellGro and Xvivo media yield comparable DC counts. Optimal harvest of vital and mature DC from AML samples was obtained with a granulocyte/macrophage‐colony stimulating factor, interleukin‐4, FL and tumour necrosis factor‐α‐containing serum‐free Xvivo medium after 10–14 days of culture (36/26% DC; 38/64% vital DC; 46/51% mature DC were generated from AML/healthy MNC samples). Surface marker profiles (e.g. costimulatory antigen expressing) of DC obtained from AML samples were comparable with that of healthy DC. The leukaemic derivation of AML–DC was demonstrated by the persistence of the clonal cytogenetic aberration in the DC or by coexpression of leukaemic antigens on DC. Autologous T‐cell activation of leukaemia‐derived DC was demonstrated in cases with AML. Autologous T cells proliferate and upregulate DC‐contact‐relevant antigens. We demonstrate that the generation of leukaemia‐derived DC is feasable in AML under serum‐free culture conditions giving rise to DC with comparable characteristics as healthy DC and offering an anti‐leukaemia‐directed immunotherapeutical vaccination strategy in AML.
Heat shock protein 90

Purpose of review Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone required for the stability and function of a number of conditionally activated and/or expressed signaling proteins, as well as multiple mutated, chimeric, or overexpressed signaling proteins, which promote cancer cell growth or survival or both. Hsp90 inhibitors, by interacting specifically with a single molecular target, cause the inactivation, destabilization, and eventual degradation of Hsp90 client proteins, and they have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical model systems. One Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, has completed Phase I clinical trial, and several Phase II trials are in progress. Hsp90 inhibitors are unique in that, although they are directed towards a specific molecular target, they simultaneously inhibit multiple signaling pathways that frequently interact to promote cancer cell survival. Recent findings Recently identified clients of Hsp90 participate, frequently in overlapping pathways, in mediating cancer cell survival. These include Akt, Her2, and HIF-1&agr;. Thus, by inhibiting multiple survival pathways used by cancer cells, combination of an Hsp90 inhibitor with standard chemotherapeutic agents may dramatically increase the in vivo efficacy of the standard agent. Furthermore, Hsp90 modulates androgen receptor activity and the activity of several mutated kinases characteristic of several leukemias and lymphomas, making Hsp90 inhibition an attractive modality in these cases. Summary Hsp90 inhibitors may circumvent the characteristic genetic plasticity that has allowed cancer cells to eventually evade the toxic effects of most molecularly targeted agents. The mechanism-based use of Hsp90 inhibitors, both alone and in combination with other drugs, should augment the treatment of multiple forms of cancer.
Parents' and teachers' perceptions of hearing impaired children in primary schools

The aim of this study was to consider the perceptions of parents and teachers of hearing impaired children who were integrated into ordinary primary schools. These perceptions, and the responses made to the children, were considered to have significant influence on their ability to function effectively, since the social climate in which a child finds himself affects the development of a positive self-concept and consequent attainment and adjustment. In the research design, quantitative methods were seen as inappropriate, and interview techniques and classroom observations were used to gather illustrative material from a small opportunity sample. The investigation indicates that most of the children were viewed very favourably by their parents and teachers. Parents were very supportive of their child's placement and were aware generally of the implications of hearing impairment. They expressed concern over inadequate technical support, the heavy case-load of the peripatetic service and the lack of awareness of the implications of hearing loss on the part of the general public. Despite the fact that the teachers had neither previous experience nor any training, some were able to respond most appropriately, and this appeared to be due largely to their general philosophy and to the unique value they placed on the social, emotional and educational development of the individual child.
Integrating Appearance and Edge Features for Sedan Vehicle Detection in the Blind-Spot Area

Changing lanes while having no information about the blind spot area can be dangerous. We propose a vision-based vehicle detection system for a lane changing assistance system to monitor the potential sedan vehicle in the blind-spot area. To serve our purpose, we select adequate features, which are directly obtained from vehicle images, to detect possible vehicles in the blind-spot area. This is challenging due to the significant change in the view angle of a vehicle along with its location throughout the blind-spot area. To cope with this problem, we propose a method to combine two kinds of part-based features that are related to the characteristics of the vehicle, and we build multiple models based on different viewpoints of a vehicle. The location information of each feature is incorporated to help construct the detector and estimate the reasonable position of the presence of the vehicle. The experiments show that our system is reliable in detecting various sedan vehicles in the blind-spot area.
Media psychology, symbolic power and social justice in Aotearoa

Psychologists reside in a world saturated by media. We work in professional contexts where guidelines for practice foreground ethical obligations to address issues of social justice. This paper addresses both these contextual dimensions of psychological research and practice. We explore the social significance of increased media production by Maori in challenging the tendency in mainstream media to marginalize Maori concerns while promoting Pakeha perspectives. The analysis focuses on the recent ‘Inside Out documentary – Hikoi’, which was initiated by two young Maori women as a challenge to media framing of Maori protests as ‘unjustified’ and ‘disruptive’ acts. We illustrate how this documentary furthers public dialogue regarding the foreshore and seabed controversy by promoting an alternative depiction of a Maori protest, which emphasize the history of grievances and social unity. The implications of such representations for psychologists working to address issues of social justice and to challenge abuses of symbolic power are discussed. For over 100 years psychologists have worked with the media. We have contributed advice columns, written self-improvement books, hosted radio shows, featured as experts on reality TV programmes, and evaluated web-based efforts to educate people about a raft of health concerns (Kirschner & Kirschner, 1997; Hodgetts, Bolam & Stephens, 2005). Increased recognition of such efforts is reflected in the development of media psychology practice guidelines by the American Psychological Association. Media remain ever more relevant to psychological research and practice because public consumption of various news and entertainment forms is a primary leisure activity. From reading newspapers, listening to the radio or surfing the web people come to understand what is happening in different communities, what issues they should be concerned about, and how these issues should be resolved (Hodgetts, Masters & Robertson, 2004). International psychological research has documented how such media dependent processes have become central to the psychology of intergroup relations (Livingstone, 1998). While media use can open up dialogue between different sectors of society we must not forget that not all communities are represented equally or have the opportunity to represent themselves on their own terms. New Zealand psychologists have documented how Maori voices are significantly disadvantaged in mainstream media coverage, which often functions to
Databases and ontologies LSAT : learning about alternative transcripts in MEDLINE

Motivation: Generation of alternative transcripts from the same gene is an important biological event due to their contribution in creating functional diversity in eukaryotes. In this work, we choose the task of extracting information around this complex topic using a two-step procedure involving machine learning and information extraction. Results: In the first step, we trained a classifier that inductively learns to identify sentences about physiological transcript diversity from the MEDLINEabstracts. Using a large hand-built corpus, we compared the sentence classification performance of various text categorization methods. Support vector machines (SVMs) followed by the maximum entropy classifier outperformed other methods for the sentence classification task. The SVM with the radial basis function kernel and optimized parameters achieved Fb-measure of 91% during the 4-fold cross validation and of 74% when applied to all sentences in more than 12million abstracts of MEDLINE. In the second step, we identified eight frequently present semantic categories in the sentences and performed a limited amount of semantic role labeling. The role labeling step also achieved very high Fb-measure for all eight categories. Availability: The results of our two-step procedure are summarized in the LSAT database of alternative transcripts. LSAT is available at http://www.bork. embl.de/LSAT Contact: shah@embl.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR, OLSR Routing Protocol in Ad hoc Networks

In this paper, an effort has been made to examine and compare the performance of the reactive and proactive ad- hoc routing protocols by employing OPNET Simulator according to increasing number of failed nodes in the network. In current study, a comparison of reactive routing protocols such as Distance Vector Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing(AODV) and proactive routing protocols such as Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR) has been done in terms of delay, throughput and network load, by increasing amount of failed nodes in the network. Three routing protocols are being examined on the above specified parameters and had been found that OLSR performance is better as compared to AODV and DSR on persisting node failure in the network.
Internet-of-Things data highway from sensors to analyzers

This paper develops an Internet-of-Things data highway embracing end sensors, sensor nodes, databases, big data processors, web connections, and high-end statistics engines. It is aiming at automatic, pseudo real-time, and integrative sensor stream processing, fully benefitting from the capability of sophisticated statistics packages supporting a variety of artificial intelligence and data mining libraries. Specifically, Raspberry Pi nodes capture signals from attached sensors via GPIO interfaces and insert into a remote MySQL database table using its connector utility. In the Linux machine, the table entry is purged at each fixed time and dumped to a text file for a later batch analysis using Hadoop. The R package running in a Windows PC periodically downloads the sensor stream from the database table via the implementation of a library extension invoking relevant operating systems calls. In the R space, even a spatial analysis and visualization can be provided comprehensively.