Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awasthi to Increase Biomass and Antioxidant Metabolite Production Bhaskar

The aim of this study is to optimize the culture conditions for lichen Usnea ghattensis G. Awasthi in order to increase biomass and antioxidant metabolite production. The cultured lichen consisted of usnic acid produced by mycobionts and photobionts after 2 to 3 months of inoculation. Cultures grown in the media with excess carbon sources showed significant increment in the biomass growth, usnic acid production and total polyphenol mass fraction after six months of inoculation. The methanol extract of six-month-old cultures grown in the malt-yeast extract (MYE) medium containing 0.01 mol/L of sucrose and 0.01 mol/L of polyethylene glycol showed a significantly high inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity up to 89 %. A significant correlation (R=0.89) of p<0.01 was also found between total polyphenol mass fraction and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in this lichen species.
An encoding scheme for TCAM-based packet classification

Multi-field packet classification is necessary to support advanced Internet functions, such as network security, quality of service provisioning, traffic policing, virtual private networking, etc. Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is currently the dominant solution method used by the industry because of its speed and the simplicity of filter table management. High cost and high power consumption are the two major drawbacks of TCAM-based lookup engines. Adoption of IPv6 with increased address length will further exacerbate the challenges. In this paper, we present a filter encoding method, called prefix inclusion coding (PIC) to improve the efficiency of TCAM-based lookup engines. Filters are stored in an encoded format to reduce storage requirement. Codeword assignment in PIC preserves the inclusion relationship among prefixes/ranges. By doing so, a prefix will be represented by a single codeword, and unnecessary filter replication can be avoided. Codeword lookup is equivalent to finding the longest matching prefix in the codeword table. Hence, a pure-TCAM lookup engine can be built without the needs of other semi-custom ASICs in the system. Our method can reduce the TCAM storage requirement by 70% to over 90%. The reduction in TCAM storage requirement also helps to alleviate the high power dissipation problem. The proposed method can be applied to both IPv4 and IPv6
Comparison of First Episode and Recurrent Major Depression Patients in Terms of Cognitive Function

Comparison of first episode and recurrent major depression patients in terms of cognitive function Objective: Cognitive impairment is one of the most important causes of disability in depression. There are conflicting results about the nature of cognitive impairment with some studies finding a difference between first episode (FE) and recurrent depression (RD) and a correlation between cognitive impairment and depression severity while others do not. Our aim was to compare cognitive function in FE and RD patients and to see if cognitive impairment is correlated with depression severity and number of depressive episodes. Method: Unmedicated 33 FE and 37 RD outpatients with no additional Axis I disorder or physical disorder likely to affect cognition were included into the study and cognitive function was evaluated with verbal memory, verbal fluency, Stroop, Benton facial recognition and Boston naming tests. Results: There were no cognitive differences between FE and RD groups or between RD patients with more or less than 3 depressive episodes. But severely depressed patients had lower naming and immediate memory scores. Depression severity was positively correlated with Stroop color word reading time and negatively correlated with verbal memory learning score. Perseveration scores were positively correlated with total depressive episode duration. Discussion: Depression severity seems to be more effective on cognitive function than the number of depressive episodes. Results indicate that simple attention, encoding, learning, naming and mental speed is affected negatively from depression severity and cognitive flexibility was negatively affected by total
An AC–DC LED Driver With a Two-Parallel Inverted Buck Topology for Reducing the Light Flicker in Lighting Applications to Low-Risk Levels

This paper presents an ac–dc LED driver that consists of two-parallel inverted buck converters. To buffer the twice-line-frequency energy, one inverted buck converter (also known as a floating buck converter) conveys energy to a storage capacitor, simultaneously performing the power factor correction. The other inverted buck converter regulates the LED current to maintain a constant brightness in the LEDs for reducing the light flicker to low-risk levels. The proposed architecture reduces the voltage stress and the size of the storage capacitor, enabling the use of a film capacitor instead of an electrolytic capacitor. Considering the power factor and the flicker standards, a design procedure to achieve a high power factor, while minimizing the storage capacitance and the LED current ripple, is presented. A prototype of the proposed LED driver has been implemented with an on-chip controller IC fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS process and its functionality and performance have been verified experimentally. It demonstrates a power factor of 0.94 and a peak power efficiency of 85.4% with an LED current ripple of 6.5%, while delivering 15 W to the LEDs.
AN AGAR MEDIUM INDICATING ACID PRODUCTION

The medium is a modification of MacConkey's agar and is based on the observations of Stacy and Webb (1947) that dehydrocholic acid, one of the bile acids, is nontoxic for staphylococei. After some trials, a medium of the following composition (in g per L) was devised2: Sigma pH 7 to 9 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, 1.3; dehydrocholic acid, 1.5; yeast extract (Difco), 1.0; proteose peptone (Difco), 10; neutral red, 0.075; agar, 12. The pH of this medium with our reagents is 7.6. To this basic medium is added the desired carbohydrate at a concentration of 1 per cent. Since dehydrocholic acid is insoluble at pH 6.8 or less, the reagents should be dissolved in the order listed, except neutral red which is best dissolved in a small volume of water and added to the other ingredients. The completed medium is pale red in color. On plates, colonies of fermenters are dark red, whereas nonfermenters are white. The appearance of mannitol positive and negative mutants of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on this medium is shown in figure 1.
Finite frequency effects on global S diffracted traveltimes

SUMMARY Many seismic observations have shown that strong heterogeneities exist in the bottom few hundreds kilometres of the mantle. Among different seismic phases, this region, that is, the D″ layer, can be most globally sampled by diffracted waves along the core mantle boundary. Here, we assess the amplitude and distribution of S-wave velocity variations in the D″ layer of an existing tomographic model. We compare observed SHdiff traveltime anomalies to synthetic ones obtained using (1) the coupled spectral element method (CSEM), which is our reference exact method, (2) non-linear asymptotic coupling theory (NACT) and (3) 1-D ray theory. Synthetic waveforms are calculated down to 0.057 Hz with a corner frequency at 0.026 Hz. In the first part of this paper, we compare the traveltime anomaly predictions from the three different methods. The anomalies from CSEM and NACT are obtained by taking cross-correlations of the 3-D and 1-D synthetic waveforms. Both NACT and standard ray theory, which are used in other recent tomographic models, suffer from biases in traveltime predictions for vertically varying structure near the core–mantle boundary: NACT suffers from saturation of traveltimes, due to the portion in the kernel calculation that is based on the reference 1-D model, while ray theory suffers from wave front healing effects in the vertical plane, exacerbated in the presence of thin low velocity layers. In the second part, we compare observed traveltime anomalies and predictions from CSEM. The data consists of 506 Sdiff traveltime anomalies from 15 events, obtained form global seismograph network records. The tomographic model does a good job at predicting traveltimes of Sdiff phases especially when the path mostly samples fast S velocity regions at the base of the mantle, such as beneath India, China, North America and Northern Pacific. The underprediction of the positive observed traveltime anomalies seems to occur in regions where the paths sample close to the border of the large low shear velocity provinces, such as beneath Southern Pacific, South of Australia, Philippine Sea plate and Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Inspection of the observed seismograms at higher frequencies indicate that (1) the gradient of structure is underestimated and (2) there are post-cursors to the Sdiff which bias the lower frequency traveltime measurements, and which are not taken into account by the tomographic inversion, because of the approximate theoretical framework.
Discovery-Enriched curriculum: A text mining approach for assessing students' discoveries

One important pedagogical approach is to motivate students actively learn and discover new knowledge by using contemporary instructional design methods. This is in sharp contrast to another approach that forces students to take a passive rote-learning strategy. To promote active learning, CityU Hong Kong adopted the so-called discovery-enriched curriculum (DEC) pedagogical approach to enhance student learning at the tertiary education setting. While various curriculum design and instructional methods have been explored in recent years, an effective way to assess students' novel discoveries and creativity remains a great challenge. This paper investigates into a relatively new text analytics computational approach to facilitate instructors of identifying and assessing the concrete evidences of students' achievements under a DEC-based pedagogical approach. In particular, we illustrate a topic modeling-based text mining method which can extract the hidden intents and creative ideas of students embedded in their project work. According to our best knowledge, this is one of the few successful research work of applying a topic modeling method to enhance the assessment of students' achievements under a DEC pedagogical approach. The practical application and implications of our work is that educational practitioners can apply the proposed computational method to facilitate the assessment of students' novel discoveries.
Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes. Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA.

Using a set of synthetic oligonucleotides homologous to broadly conserved sequences in-vitro amplification via the polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing results in almost complete nucleotide determination of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. As a model system the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of M.kansasii was determined and found to be 98.7% homologous to that of M.bovis BCG. This is the first report on a contiguous sequence information of an entire amplified gene spanning 1.5 kb without any subcloning procedures.
Distributed Agile: Growing a Practice Together

Elastic Path software and Luxoft present in this case study a successful distributed agile project using outsourcing (both near and off shore). Elastic Path and Luxoft are both experienced agile practitioners, which helped immensely in so far as neither client nor vendor had to learn how to do agile while trying to overcome the difficulties in implementing agile in a distributed manner. The case study describes how Elastic Path and Luxoft overcame the challenges of daily meetings, the lack of face-to-face interactions, rapidly changing requirements, and rapid team size scaling all across a fourteen hour time difference.
A New Instrument for Continuous Measurement of Tissue Blood Flow by Light Beating Spectroscopy

A new instrument for measurement of regional tissue blood flow based on the laser Doppler principle is reported. The theoretical background of light beating spectroscopy is discussed and a detection technique which makes possible the suppression of the adverse effects of laser-mode interference and wide-band beam amplitude noise is described. Instead of using a single square-law photodetector a differential detector technique is introduced that reduces common-mode noise to a negligible level, without influencing the blood flow related signal. The new instrument has proved to be highly stable and sensitive. Continuous recordings of tissue blood flow can be performed in the laboratory as well as at the bedside.
Intrusion detection in cloud computing based attacks patterns and risk assessment

This paper focuses on detecting and analyzing cyber-attacks in cloud environment, it represents a novel approach of detecting cyber-attacks by analyzing attacks pattern using risk assessment methodologies. The aims of our solution is to combine evidences obtained from Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) deployed in cloud services with data of risk assessment related to each attack pattern. Our approach presents a new qualitative solution for analyzing each symptom, indicator and vulnerability to detect the impact and likelihood of distributed and multi-steps attacks directed to cloud environments. The implementation of this approach will minimize the false positive alerts and will improve the performance of the IDS.
Chronological and Morphological Study of Heart Development in the Rat

Adult and embryonic laboratory rats have been used as a mammalian model organism in biomedical research, descriptive and experimental cardiac embryology, and experimental teratology. There have been, however, considerable variations and discrepancies concerning the developmental staging of the rat embryo in the reported literature, which have resulted in several controversies and inconsistencies. Therefore, we carried out a careful anatomical and histological study of rat cardiac morphogenesis from the premorphogenetic period to the mature heart in a newborn pup. A correlation between the chronology and morphological features of the heart and embryo or newborn was made. We provide a simple and comprehensive guide relating the developmental timing and fate of the embryonic components of the heart and their morphological changes in the rat based on in vivo labeling studies in the chick. We also compare the timing of heart development in rats, humans, and mice. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Youth Living With HIV and Problem Substance Use: Elevated Distress Is Associated With Nonadherence and Sexual Risk

Purpose: To examine health risk behaviors in distressed youth living with HIV (YLH) with problem substance use. Methods: Assessed distress, antiretroviral (ARV) adherence, and unprotected sex in a racially and geographically diverse sample of 122 YLH. Results: A total of 87% of distressed YLH reported significantly more past-month ARV nonadherence (odds ratio [OR] = 7.15) and were more likely to have unprotected sex under the influence (OR = 5.14) than nondistressed youth. Conclusions: Distressed YLH with problem substance use may benefit from interventions to improve adherence and to decrease sexual risk, especially while under the influence of drugs.
The Tat Pathway Is Prevalent in Listeria monocytogenes Lineage II and Is Not Required for Infection and Spread in Host Cells

Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogenic bacterium, remains a serious public health concern due to its frequent occurrence in food products coupled with a high mortality rate. Bacterial pathogenicity depends greatly on the ability to secrete virulence factors to or beyond the bacterial cell surface. The Tat pathway, one of the secretion systems present in L. monocytogenes, was until now only investigated in silico. In L. monocytogenes strain EGDe two genes constitute this pathway, tatC(lmo0361) and tatA(lmo0362). Here we show that tatC and tatA are cotranscribed in a bicistronic- and growth-phase-dependent manner, being downregulated in the stationary phase. An EGDe tatAC mutant strain (EGDe ΔtatAC) was constructed, confirming that the Tat pathway is not essential for L.monocytogenes survival or biofilm-forming ability. When compared to the wild-type EGDe, deletion of tatAC did not decrease the virulence potential of EGDe ΔtatAC in HT-29 human epithelial cell line and even increased (p < 0.05) the virulence potential for mice. Moreover, we show that tat genes are prevalent in L. monocytogenes strains belonging to genetic lineage II and are generally absent from lineage I, which is more associated with human cases, thus excluding the possibility of using the Tat system as a target for novel antimicrobial compounds targeting L.monocytogenes.
An Analysis of Photo-Voltaic Hosting Capacity in Finnish Low Voltage Distribution Networks

The ascending trend of photo-voltaic (PV) utilization on a domestic scale in Finland, calls for a technical aspects review of low voltage (LV) networks. This work investigates the technical factors that limit the PV hosting capacity, in realistic case networks, designed relative to different geographical areas of Finland. A Monte Carlo method based analysis was performed, in order to quantify the hosting capacity of the formulated networks, with balanced and unbalanced feeds, in PV systems and their limiting constraints were evaluated. Finally, the effectiveness of on-load tap changer (OLTC) in increasing the PV penetration, when employed in the LV system, was investigated.
Heat shock protein 27 attenuates neointima formation and accelerates reendothelialization after arterial injury and stent implantation: importance of vascular endothelial growth factor up‐regulation

Elevated serum heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) levels are atheroprotective; however, the role of HSP27 after arterial injury is unknown. Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were treated with recombinant (r)HSP27 (50 μg/ml) or its inactive C1 terminus, and gene expression was characterized before functional studies were performed in vitro and in vivo. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was markedly up‐regulated by rHSP27 (10‐ and 6‐fold increases in mRNA and secretion, respectively). Pretreatment of EPCs with rHSP27 resulted in a 60% reduction in reendothelialization (RE) time in a scratch assay, an effect that was blocked with VEGF‐neutralizing antibodies. Mice overexpressing HSP27 demonstrated more robust mobilization of EPCs at the time of arterial injury, as well as a 67% increase in RE and a 45% reduction in neointima (NI) formation at 28 d. Implantation of rHSP27‐eluting stents in rabbit carotid arteries resulted in a marked improvement in RE at 7 and 28 d and transient attenuation of NI formation by 42% at 7 d. Hence, extracellular HSP27 up‐regulated VEGF and improved EPC migration in vitro. Augmented systemic or local levels of HSP27 markedly improved RE after vascular injury, an effect that is of particular relevance to the safety profile of vascular stents. —Ma, X. , Hibbert, B. , McNulty, M. , Hu, T. , Zhao, X. , Ramirez, F. D. , Simard, T. , de Belleroche, J. S. , O'Brien, E. R. Heat shock protein 27 attenuates neointima formation and accelerates reendothelialization after arterial injury and stent implantation: importance of vascular endothelial growth factor up‐regulation. FASEB J. 28, 594–602 (2014). www.fasebj. org
The Effects of Evacuation on Nursing Home Residents With Dementia

Background: In response to the hurricane-related deaths of nursing home residents, there has been a steady increase in the number of facilities that evacuate under storm threat. This study examined the effects of evacuation during Hurricane Gustav on residents who were cognitively impaired. Methods: Nursing homes in counties located in the path of Hurricane Gustav were identified. The Minimum Data Set resident assessment files were merged with the Centers for Medicare enrollment file to determine date of death for residents in identified facilities. Difference-in-differences analyses were conducted adjusting for residents' demographic characteristics and acuity. Results: The dataset included 21,255 residents living in 119 at risk nursing homes over three years of observation. Relative to the two years before the storm, there was a 2.8 percent increase in death at 30 days and a 3.9 percent increase in death at 90 days for residents with severe dementia who evacuated for Hurricane Gustav, controlling for resident demographics and acuity. Conclusions: The findings of this research reveal the deleterious effects of evacuation on residents with severe dementia. Interventions need to be developed and tested to determine the best methods for protecting this at risk population when there are no other options than to evacuate the facility.
Trie hashing analysis

The author presents an analysis of trie hashing for alphanumerical keys. He proposes a variant that uses a binary code and an asymptotic analysis of the size of the index. This provides, for biased distribution, a computable formula that predicts the size of the index as a function of the frequencies of the characters and the transition frequencies between these characters. These results are confirmed by a simulation. The author considers a Markovian probabilistic method and uses the Mellin transform. <<ETX>>
COL2A1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to osteoarthritis of the hand in Finnish women

Objectives: To study the role of two COL2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3737548 and rs2276455) and their haplotypes in individual susceptibility to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand in Finnish women. Methods: Bilateral hand radiographs of 543 Finnish female dentists and teachers aged 45–63 years were examined and classified for the presence of OA by using reference images. The COL2A1 genotypes were determined by PCR-based methods. Data regarding other risk factors were collected by questionnaire. The haplotypes were statistically reconstructed from the genotype data by the PHASE program. Associations between the genotypes/diplotypes and hand OA were studied by logistic regression. Results: Allowing for age and occupation, the carriage of at least one COL2A1 intron 33 minor allele was associated with an increased risk of hand OA (odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.36) and the number of affected joints. When stratified by occupation, the increased risk associated with the intron 33 minor allele carriage appeared to be mainly attributable to the dentists (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.06). The 2-1 haplotype (exon 5B minor allele-intron 33 major allele) posed a significantly higher risk of hand OA (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 9.55) compared with non-carriers. Moreover, an interaction was observed between intron 33 minor allele carriage and low task variation history in dental work (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.89 for their joint effect). Conclusions: The results suggest that the studied COL2A1 gene polymorphisms may play a role in the aetiology of hand OA and that this effect may be enhanced by repetitive loading work tasks.
Linearized Riccati Technique and (Non-)Oscillation Criteria for Half-Linear Difference Equations

We consider the half-linear second-order difference equation , , , where , are real-valued sequences. We associate with the above-mentioned equation a linear second-order difference equation and we show that oscillatory properties of the above-mentioned one can be investigated using properties of this associated linear equation. The main tool we use is a linearization technique applied to a certain Riccati-type difference equation corresponding to the above-mentioned one.