Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do childhood adversities cluster in predictable ways? A systematic review

Prior research has established that childhood adversities are potentially associated with a range of subsequent difficulties in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, including depression, suicide, behaviour problems, anxiety and physical health conditions. It has also been generally accepted that adversities do not occur in isolation, with multiple adversities being the norm. However, whether the experience of combinations of adversities during childhood forms a consistent pattern has not been established. The aim of this study was to systematically review prior research which has investigated whether childhood adversities occur in predictable clusters. A systematic search of published research investigating this issue was completed using 10 library databases for the period of January 1980 through February 2011. Eleven of the 12 studies included in the review found that childhood adversities did cluster in predictable ways. However, the revealed clusters were highly inconsistent across the studies. This may be due to variation in the number and type of adversities examined, in the definition of “childhood”, in the methodologies and criteria used to identify childhood adversities and in the analyses applied to the data. It was suggested in several of the studies that adversities centring on family functioning were most salient in predicting future mental health and behavioural difficulties. Research in this area needs to maximise the comprehensiveness of the measurement of childhood adversities within available resources while minimising the subjective qualities of extensive questionnaires. Practitioners and interventions should not focus on a single adversity but consider those that commonly co-occur and address them as a collective whole.
Book Review: Elizabeth Kelan: Performing Gender at Work. New York: Palgrave, 2009, 264pp. £60.00 ISBN 9780230577817 (hbk)

to action. If Jeffreys dismisses some women’s claims that sex work is personally and financially fulfilling, she nonetheless offers a compelling argument that the sex industry is far too often exploitative and cruel. Moreover, the industry’s misogyny affects all women in a society – indeed, a world – where its reach is so extensive, its lure so potent and its ideological foundations so plainly nefarious.
Constraints on Parameter Setting: A Grammatical Analysis of Some Acquisition Stages in German Child Language

In the first part of this article, it is argued that in order to improve the parameter model as a theory of acquisition it has to be constrained in several ways. Three constraints are discussed that restrict the class of possible parameters and the way they are fixed in development. In the second part, empirical results on the acquisition of subject-verb agreement, verb placement, empty subjects, and negation in German child language are presented. I suggest a grammatical analysis for these data (in terms of the Split-Infl Hypothesis) that allows us to maintain the learnability constraints from the beginning.
A Theory of Traffic Regulators for Deterministic Networks With Application to Interleaved Regulators

We introduce Pi-regulation, a new definition of traffic regulation which extends both the arrival curves of network calculus and Chang’s max-plus g-regulation, and also includes new types of regulation, such as packet rate limitations. We provide a new exact equivalence between min-plus and max-plus formulations of traffic regulation. We show the existence and a max-plus representation of per-flow minimal regulators, which extends the concepts of packetized greedy shapers and minimal g-regulators. We show that any minimal regulator, placed after any arbitrary system that is FIFO for the flow of interest, does not increase the worst-case delay of the flow. We extend the theory to interleaved regulation and introduce the concept of minimal interleaved regulator. It generalizes the urgency-based shaper that was recently proposed by Specht and Samii as a simpler alternative to per-flow regulators in deterministic networks with aggregate scheduling. With this regulator, packets of multiple flows are processed in one FIFO queue and only the packet at the head of the queue is examined against the regulation constraints of its flow. We show that any minimal interleaved regulator, placed after any arbitrary FIFO system does not increase the worst-case delay of the combination.
Downregulation of the Ras–Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway by the EphB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is Required for Ephrin-Induced Neurite Retraction

ABSTRACT Activation of the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase by clustered ephrin-B1 induces growth cone collapse and neurite retraction in differentiated NG108 neuronal cells. We have investigated the cytoplasmic signaling events associated with EphB2-induced cytoskeletal reorganization in these neuronal cells. We find that unlike other receptor tyrosine kinases, EphB2 induces a pronounced downregulation of GTP-bound Ras and consequently of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A similar inhibition of the Ras-MAPK pathway was observed on stimulation of endogenous EphB2 in COS-1 cells. Inactivation of Ras, induced by ephrin B1 stimulation of NG108 neuronal cells, requires EphB2 tyrosine kinase activity and is blocked by a truncated form of p120-Ras GTPase-activating protein (p120-RasGAP), suggesting that EphB2 signals through the SH2 domain protein p120-RasGAP to inhibit the Ras-MAPK pathway. Suppression of Ras activity appears functionally important, since expression of a constitutively active variant of Ras impaired the ability of EphB2 to induce neurite retraction. In addition, EphB2 attenuated the elevation in ERK activation induced by attachment of NG108 cells to fibronectin, indicating that the EphB2 receptor can modulate integrin signaling to the Ras GTPase. These results suggest that a primary function of EphB2, a member of the most populous family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is to inactivate the Ras-MAPK pathway in a fashion that contributes to cytoskeletal reorganization and adhesion responses in neuronal growth cones.
RANSAC-Assisted Display Model Reconstruction for Projective Display

Using projectors to create perspectively correct imagery on arbitrary display surfaces requires geometric knowledge of the display surface shape, the projector calibration, and the user’s position in a common coordinate system. Prior solutions have most commonly modeled the display surface as a tessellated mesh derived from the 3D-point cloud acquired during system calibration. In this paper we describe a method for functional reconstruction of the display surface, which takes advantage of the knowledge that most interior display spaces (e.g. walls, floors, ceilings, building columns) are piecewise planar. Using a RANSAC algorithm to recursively fit planes to a 3D-point cloud sampling of the surface, followed by a conversion of the plane definitions into simple planar polygon descriptions, we are able to create a geometric model which is less complex than a dense tessellated mesh and offers a simple method for accurately modeling the corners of rooms. Planar models also eliminate subtle, but irritating, texture distortion often seen in tessellated mesh approximations to planar surfaces.
Students' Perceptions of the Residential Environmental Education Program at the New Jersey School of Conservation

The authors expanded on a previous study of students' perceptions of a residential environmental education program. Immediately prior to the students' departure and again 6 months later, they used the minute-paper and muddiest-point assessment techniques to administer an instrument that explored what students found most meaningful about their experience and most confusing about their experience and what aspect of their experience they would like to repeat. Findings revealed that students' perceptions of their experience changed over time.
Managing Reform: Lessons from Urban High Schools

ABSTRACT American high schools present an extremely difficult, nearly intractable setting for serious educational reform efforts. Yet such efforts can succeed. This article reports results from a survey of 179 urban comprehensive high schools that were successfully implementing change programs based on effective schools principles. All schools encountered problems of implementation. Larger‐scale, instructionally‐oriented, and longer‐lasting programs induced more problems. Problems were only moderated, not eliminated, by good‐quality planning. Given the problem‐richness of change efforts, the major determinant of successful implementation was good problem‐coping. It was made more likely by the presence of consensus (shared vision), support of key stakeholders in and out of the school, planning quality, external assistance, and administrative time spent. Case studies showed that the presence of an empowered change management group aided all these critical factors. Schools with the most impact (defined as st.
Exploring Ethnic Variation in Preadolescent Aggressive Girls’ Social, Psychological, and Academic Functioning

The authors examined whether the adjustment patterns of socially and overtly aggressive preadolescent girls, ages 9 to 11 years, from rural communities differed by ethnicity. Students were administered a series of questionnaires to assess the degree to which girls engaged in various forms of aggression and to assess aggressive girls’ social, psychological, and academic functioning. Four clusters of girls—nonaggressive, socially aggressive, and moderate and high mixed aggressive—were identified with cluster analysis based on cross-gendered peer nominations of social and overt aggression. Results indicated that ethnic variation exists in aggressive and nonaggressive girls’ attitudes toward school and satisfaction with their friendships, but no ethnic differences were found in aggressive girls’ social adjustment. Socially aggressive and nonaggressive African American girls endorsed greater feelings of disengagement from school than socially aggressive and nonaggressive European American girls. No ethnic differences were found in aggressive girls’ endorsement of internalizing symptoms. However, both nonaggressive and socially aggressive African American girls reported greater dissatisfaction with their interpersonal relationships than nonaggressive and socially aggressive European American girls.
Sound production during agonistic behavior of male Drosophila melanogaster

Male Drosophila fruitflies acquire and defend territories in order to attract females for reproduction. Both, male-directed agonistic behavior and female-directed courtship consist of series of recurrent stereotypical components. Various studies demonstrated the importance of species-specific sound patterns generated by wing vibration as being critical for male courtship success. In this study we analyzed the patterns and importance of sound signals generated during agonistic interactions of male Drosophila melanogaster. In contrast to acoustic courtship signals that consist of sine and pulse patterns and are generated by one extended wing, agonistic signals lack sine-like components and are generally produced by simultaneous movements of both wings. Though intra-pulse oscillation frequencies (carrier frequency) are identical, inter-pulse intervals are twice as long and more variable in aggression signals than in courtship songs, where their precise temporal pattern serves species recognition. Acoustic signals accompany male agonistic interactions over their entire course but occur particularly often after tapping behavior which is a major way to identify the gender of the interaction partner. Since similar wing movements may either be silent or generate sound and wing movements with sound have a greater impact on the subsequent behavior of a receiver, sound producing wing movements seem to be generated intentionally to serve as a specific signal during fruit fly agonistic encounters.
Staying in the science stream: patterns of participation in A‐level science subjects in the UK

This paper describes patterns of participation and attainment in A‐level physics, chemistry and biology from 1961 to 2009. The A level has long been seen as an important gateway qualification for higher level study, particularly in the sciences. This long‐term overview examines how recruitment to these three subjects has changed in the context of numerous policies and initiatives that seek to retain more young people in the sciences. The results show that recruitment to the pure sciences has stagnated, general trends have hardly varied and the track record of government policy in influencing change is not strong. There is no evidence for increasing achievement gaps between the sexes at A level and even national policy requiring that all young people study science up to the age of 16 appears to have had little impact on recruitment at this level.
Odour perception in the codling moth Cydia pomonella L.

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a renowned pest in apple, pear and walnut orchards, and its activities are in large guided by volatile odours as sensory cues. This thesis spans over a large part of the olfactory chain of events in the codling moth, from brain to behaviour. The main emphasis was placed on the detection of plant odours, and some of the works presented are novel to codling moth research. The volatiles emitted by host-plant species were analysed, revealing variations in the odour profiles both between species of host plants and at different phenological stages of a host plant, which indicates that females are flexible in their behavioural response to host odours. A first step was taken to map the antennal olfactory receptor neurons and their specificity, where several behaviourally active compounds were found to be detected by neurons housed in sensilla auricillica, one of the morphological types of sensilla found on the antenna of the moth. In a study of the antennal lobe, the primary integration centre for odour processing in the insect brain, we describe the three dimensional structure of the array of olfactory glomeruli of both sexes. Behavioural experiments show that both males and females are attracted to plant odours, and that host recognition in codling moths are encoded not by single compounds but by a blend of volatiles. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis provide new insights into moth olfaction and odour-dependent behaviour in general, and into that of the codling moth in particular.
Average Effective Tax Rates in Mexico

The paper estimates average effective tax rates on consump- tion, labor and capital income for Mexico, using the method of Mendoza et al. (1994) and related extensions, including two novel refinements. On average, it is found that consumption taxes are roughly between 7 and 14%, whereas labor and capital income taxes are between 8 and 12.5%, and 8.5 and 15%, respectively. Tax estimates are found to be consistent with predictions from theory in general, both for Mexico as well as for a sample of OECD countries.
Communicating Visions

The concept of charismatic leadership has emerged as a central concern in leadership research. This investigation examines the impact of delivery on perceptions of leader charisma. Respondents were exposed to a supervisor presenting a charismatic message in either a weak or strong delivery condition. The results indicate that delivery does make a difference in evaluations of leader charisma. The concept of communicator style is offered as a way to interpret the findings.
Attitudes of the Citizens of Kanazawa and Its Vicinity towards the Physically Challenged

Public attitudes towards disability and the resulting prejudicial behaviour affects the lives of physically challenged persons. This article explores the attitudes of residents of a provincial city in Japan towards physically challenged persons. It involved measurement of attitudes on the 20-item, Form O of the `Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale'. The 211 respondents consisted of 142 female and 68 male non-physically challenged adults with a mean (and standard deviation) age of 47.30 (15.98) years. The respondents were asked to answer certain statements about physically challenged people and to indicate how much they agreed or disagreed with each of the statements on a 6-point Likert scale. The mean ATDP score of all respondents was 68.84. The highest mean ATDP scores were the 30's age group, followed by 20's, 40's, 50's, 60's, and 70's age groups. Those with a more positive ATDP were either pursuing a helping profession or had experienced such work. The males and females showed no difference in ATDP. Physiotherapists should be aware of the gap in perception between the ideal attitude that health professionals would like society to have and the reality. They should, therefore, endeavour to promote a `barrier-free' mind among members of the community.
Pre-embarkment Prognostication for Acute Paraquat Poisoning

1 In order to assess which laboratory parameters could be related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning, we reviewed the medical records of 160 patients who had ingested paraquat in an attempt at suicide. 2 Serum creatinine and potassium concentrations, arterial blood bicarbonate and base excess levels, arterial blood pH, volume of paraquat ingested and the strength of the urinary paraquat qualitative test (sodium dithionate colour reaction) on admission in the surviving patients were significantly different from those of the patients who died within 48 h of ingestion. 3 The relationship of the quantity Eq1 defined as: Eq1 = ([K +] × [HCO- 3]) / ([Cre] × 0.088) (mEq l-1 ) against the interval of time after ingestion to admission (T) had a significant correlation with prognosis (P < 0.01). Patients with Eq1 > (1500 - 399 × LogT) had a 90% survival rate, Eq1: (930 - 399 × LogT) < Eq1 ≤ (1500 - 399 × LogT) 38% and Eq1 ≤ (930 - 399 × LogT) 3%, P < 0.01.
Disturbance Rejection in the Interior Domain of Linear 2  $\times$ 2 Hyperbolic Systems

In this technical note, we develop a full state feedback law for disturbance rejection in systems described by linear 2 × 2 partial differential equations of the hyperbolic type, with the disturbance modelled as an autonomous, finite dimensional linear system affecting the PDE's left boundary, and actuation limited to the right boundary. The effect of the disturbance is rejected at an arbitrary point in the domain within a finite time. The performance is demonstrated through simulation.
An acquisition and processing system for the High Resolution Surface Electrocardiogram

This papers describes an acquisition and processing system for the High Resolution Surface Electrocardiogram (HRSECG). The System includes an acquisition and conditioning stage and also a software module that allows storage, display and later analysis of the signal; other features included are signal averaging, software detection of late potentials based on time and frequency domain analysis and also heart rate variability.
Measuring childhood materialism: Refining and validating Schor's Consumer Involvement Scale

This paper examines the measurement of childhood materialism using Schor's (2004) Consumer Involvement Scale. Schor treated consumer involvement empirically as a unidimensional construct, though she suggested that conceptually it may be multidimensional. Using confirmatory factor analysis procedures on data collected from children in the U.S. and U.K., the psychometric superiority of a three-factor structure is established, comprising dissatisfaction, consumer orientation, and brand awareness components. Additional analyses demonstrate distinct associations between each of these components and other constructs, including self-esteem, outside school activities, and child–parent relations. The scale's generalizability across boys and girls is also confirmed. The results suggest that Schor's Consumer Involvement Scale will be useful for researchers interested in studying the important topic of materialism in children.
Proteomic Approaches in Understanding Action Mechanisms of Metal-Based Anticancer Drugs

Medicinal inorganic chemistry has been stimulating largely by the success of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. Various metal complexes are currently used as therapeutic agents (e.g., Pt, Au, and Ru) in the treatment of malignant diseases, including several types of cancers. Understanding the mechanism of action of these metal-based drugs is for the design of more effective drugs. Proteomic approaches combined with other biochemical methods can provide comprehensive understanding of responses that are involved in metal-based anticancer drugs-induced cell death, including insights into cytotoxic effects of metal-based anticancer drugs, correlation of protein alterations to drug targets, and prediction of drug resistance and toxicity. This information, when coupled with clinical data, can provide rational basses for the future design and modification of present used metal-based anticancer drugs.
Perceived Control and the Effects of Crowding and Consumer Choice on the Service Experience

Perceived control is proposed to be a crucial variable in mediating the consumer's emotional and behavioral responses to the physical environment and the contact personnel that constitute the service encounter. Results of an experimental test of this proposition confirm the importance of perceived control in mediating the effects of two situational features of the encounter--consumer density (the number of consumers that are present in a service setting) and consumer choice (whether it is a person's own decision to enter into, and stay in, a service situation)--on the pleasantness of the service experience and the consumer's approach-avoidance responses to the service encounter. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.
A clustering-based visualization of colocation patterns

Extraction of interesting colocations in geo-referenced data is one of the major tasks in spatial pattern mining. The goal is to find sets of spatial object-types with instances located in the same neighborhood. In this context, the main drawback is the visualization and interpretation of extracted patterns by domain experts. Indeed, common textual representation of colocations loses important spatial information such as the position, the orientation or the spatial distribution of the patterns. To overcome this problem, we propose a new clustering-based visualization technique deeply integrated in the colocation mining algorithm. This new simple, concise and intuitive cartographic visualization considers both spatial information and expert practices. This proposition has been integrated in a Geographic Information System and experimented on a real-world geological data set. Domain experts confirm the added-value of this visualization approach.