Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient traffic grooming in sliceable-transponder-equipped IP-over-elastic optical networks [invited]

The sliceable optical transponder, which can transmit/receive multiple optical flows, was recently proposed to improve a transponder's flexibility. The upper-layer traffic can be offloaded onto an optical layer with “just-enough transponder” resources. Traffic grooming evolves as the optical transponder shifts from fixed to sliceable. “Optical-layer grooming” enabled by a sliceable optical transponder can reduce the number of power-consumption components (e.g., IP ports and optical transponders). In this paper, energy-efficient traffic grooming in IP-over-elastic optical networks with a sliceable optical transponder is studied. Three bandwidth-variable transponders (BVTs) based on their sliceability, namely, non-sliceable BVTs, fully sliceable BVTs, and partially sliceable BVTs, are investigated. For each transponder, we develop energy-minimized traffic grooming integer linear programming (ILP) models and corresponding heuristic algorithms. Comprehensive comparisons are performed among the three types of transponders, and two interesting observations emerge. First, we find that significant power savings can be achieved by using a sliceable optical transponder. Second, we find that power savings do not keep improving linearly while transponder sliceability is increasing, and traditional electrical-layer grooming is still required to work together with optical-layer grooming to reduce power consumption.
Minimum Diameter Application Layer Multicast Tree Algorithm

High communication delay is an obstacle of the application of ALM (application layer multicast) technology. Traditional MST problem trying to get a tree with a small tree weight is not fit for ALM. ALM requires the multicast tree has minimum tree diameter, which determines the communicate period of real-time application systems such as DVE and video conferencing system. Based on this point an amended algorithm of Prim algorithm named MDT is presented in this paper. It tries to find a spanning tree for a certain number of nodes with a shortest tree diameter. The algorithm process is discussed in detail and the fake codes are also given out in this paper. A series of simulation experiments had been taken to check the rightness of this algorithm. Algorithm analysis and simulation results have proved that MDT algorithm gets its initial object. Some disadvantages of MDT algorithm are also discussed in the conclusions section
Automation, Algorithms, and Politics| Auditing for Transparency in Content Personalization Systems

Do we have a right to transparency when we use content personalization systems? Building on prior work in discrimination detection in data mining, I propose algorithm auditing as a compatible ethical duty for providers of content personalization systems to maintain the transparency of political discourse. I explore barriers to auditing that reveal the practical limitations on the ethical duties of service providers. Content personalization systems can function opaquely and resist auditing. However, the belief that highly complex algorithms, such as bots using machine learning, are incomprehensible to human users should not be an excuse to surrender high quality political discourse. Auditing is recommended as a way to map and redress algorithmic political exclusion in practice. However, the opacity of algorithmic decision making poses a significant challenge to the implementation of auditing.
An improved method of RHT to localize circle applied in Intelligent Transportation System

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an application of modern information technology in the field of traffic that has attracted worldwide attention. Seat belt recognition is a relatively new orientation in ITS. In order to correctly identify the seat belt, under the premise of localized vehicle window, this paper explores to extract the centerline of the steering wheel as the feature, which provides reference for the localization of seat belt. But it is very difficult to find accurate location of the steering wheelpsila centerline using luminance or color, because of the fuzzy image of vehicle window which has been obtained in a random environment. This paper explores to carry out carry edge detection, and then to use randomized Hough transform (RHT) to find the centerline of the steering wheel. However, RHT has a great of computation and memory consumption, which has prohibited its wider use from a large extent. This paper proposes a novel method called dasialocal randomized Hough transportation (LRHT)psila. Experimental result shows that not only complexity but also efficiency has been greatly improved.
DoA of gunshot signals in a spatial microphone array: Performance of the interpolated Generalized Cross-Correlation method

The direction of arrival of impulsive, wideband audio signals, specifically of gunshot signals, is the main interest of this work. The Generalized Cross-Correlation (GCC) method, typically employed for wideband signals, is used in a tetrahedral microphone array to estimate horizontal and vertical angles. An investigation on the performance of the scheme is carried out based on signals recorded in an open air, low-noise environment, and then repeatedly replayed in an open-air, noisy environment, under controlled Direction of Arrival. To increase the accuracy of DoA estimates, the correlation function evaluated between each pair of microphones and used by GCC methods goes through an interpolation process. From this study, we have concluded that the GCC method can perform adequately in the task of estimating the DoA of a gunshot signal even in the presence of strong noise level and lower sampling frequency.
Low-complexity H-infinity channel estimator for MIMO-OFDM systems

Although maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) channel estimator has an optimal performance for MIMO-OFDM systems, its high complexity could be in the order of O(K3), where K is the number of subcarriers. So, in this paper, we introduce an H-infinity estimator which has good performance, but with much less complexity. Next, lots of matrices inversions and multiplications are reduced by the iterative expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. It is shown that the proposed EM-based H-infinity estimator has obviously improvement over optimal least square (LS) estimator with good convergence and the H-infinity estimator has almost the same performance as optimal MAP estimator with much less complexity.
Transient Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog Alters the Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone

Bone formation and remodeling involve coordinated interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts through signaling networks involving a variety of molecular pathways. We hypothesized that overexpression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a morphogen with a crucial role in skeletal development, would stimulate osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in adult animals in vivo. Systemic administration of adenovirus expressing the N‐terminal form of Shh into adult mice resulted in a primary increase in osteoblasts and their precursors. Surprisingly, however, this was associated with altered trabecular morphology, decreased bone volume, and decreased compressive strength in the vertebrae. Whereas no change was detected in the number of osteoclast precursors, bone marrow stromal cells from Shh‐treated mice showed enhanced osteoclastogenic potential in vitro. These effects were mediated by the PTH/PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) pathway as evidenced by increased sensitivity to PTH stimulation and upregulation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR). Together, these data show that Shh has stimulatory effects on osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts in adult animals in vivo, which results in bone remodeling and reduced bone strength because of a secondary increase in osteoclastogenesis.
A Prospective Study of Gynecological Cancer Risk in Relation to Adiposity Factors: Cumulative Incidence and Association with Plasma Adipokine Levels

Background Associations of obesity and obesity-related metabolic factors (adiposity factors) with uterine corpus cancer (UCC) and ovarian cancer (OVC) risk have been described. Still, a cause-effect relationship and the underlying mediators remain unclear, particularly for low-incidence populations. We aimed to prospectively determine whether adiposity factors could predict the development of UCC and OVC in Taiwanese women. To explore the biological mediators linking adiposity factors to cancer risk, we examined the association of two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, with the gynecological cancers. Methods Totally, 11,258 women, aged 30–65, were recruited into the Community-Based Cancer Screening Program (CBCSP) study during 1991–1993, and were followed for UCC and OVC cases until December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Adiposity factors and risk covariates were assessed at recruitment. Newly-developed cancer cases were determined from data in the government’s National Cancer Registry and Death Certification System. For adipokienes study, a nested case-control study was conducted within the cohort. Baseline plasma samples of 40 incident gynecological cancer cases and 240 age-menopause-matched controls were assayed for adipokines levels. Findings There were 38 and 30 incident cases of UCC and OVC, respectively, diagnosed during a median 19.9 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that alcohol intake (HR = 16.00, 95% = 4.83–53.00), high triglyceride levels (HR = 2.58, 95% = 1.28–5.17), and years of endogenous estrogen exposure per 5-year increment (HR = 1.91, 95% = 1.08–3.38) were associated with increased UCC risk. High body mass index (BMI≥27 kg/m2, HR = 2.90, 95% = 1.30–6.46) was associated with increased OVC risk. Analysis further showed an independent effect of adipokines on UCC and OVC risk after adjustment of the risk covariates. Conclusion We provided evidence that alcohol intake, high triglyceride levels and long endogenous estrogen exposure increase UCC risk, whereas obesity positively predicts OVC risk. Circulating adipokines may mediate the link of adiposity factors to gynecological cancer risk.
The transcription factor FOXO3a is a crucial cellular target of gefitinib (Iressa) in breast cancer cells

Gefitinib is a specific inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that causes growth delay in cancer cell lines and human tumor xenografts expressing high levels of EGFR. An understanding of the downstream cellular targets of gefitinib will allow the discovery of biomarkers for predicting outcomes and monitoring anti-EGFR therapies and provide information for key targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the role of FOXO3a in gefitinib action and resistance. Using two gefitinib-sensitive (i.e., BT474 and SKBR3) as well as three other resistant breast carcinoma cell lines (i.e., MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-453), we showed that gefitinib targets the transcription factor FOXO3a to mediate cell cycle arrest and cell death in sensitive breast cancer cells. In the sensitive cells, gefitinib treatment causes cell cycle arrest predominantly at the G0-G1 phase and apoptosis, which is associated with FOXO3a dephosphorylation at Akt sites and nuclear translocation, whereas in the resistant cells, FOXO3a stays phosphorylated and remains in the cytoplasm. The nuclear accumulation of FOXO3a in response to gefitinib was confirmed in tumor tissue sections from breast cancer patients presurgically treated with gefitinib as monotherapy. We also showed that knockdown of FOXO3a expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) can rescue sensitive BT474 cells from gefitinib-induced cell-proliferative arrest, whereas reintroduction of active FOXO3a in resistant MDA-MB-231 cells can at least partially restore cell-proliferative arrest and sensitivity to gefitinib. These results suggest that the FOXO3a dephosphorylation and nuclear localization have a direct role in mediating the gefitinib-induced proliferative arrest and in determining sensitivity to gefitinib. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(12):3169–79]
Taking the load off: investigations of how adaptive cruise control affects mental workload

It has been posited that Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) represents a new generation of vehicle automation, in that it has the potential to relieve drivers of mental as well as physical workload. The results of previous research however, have raised some confusing issues about the specific effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on driver mental workload (MWL)—some studies report reduced MWL compared to manual driving, while others find no effect. Two hypotheses are proposed in an attempt to explain these discrepancies: (a) that any potential MWL reductions due to ACC could be masked by the overriding influence of steering demand; or (b) that the tasks designed in some experiments do not exploit the adaptive nature of the ACC system, therefore precluding any potential benefits. Two related experiments were designed to test these hypotheses. It was found that the main reason for the discrepant findings was the nature of the driving task chosen—constant-speed tasks do not realise the mental workload benefits of ACC. Future researchers using ACC devices are advised to use variable-speed tasks to ensure that all aspects of device functionality are covered.
IC Convergence and error estimates for bounded numerical solutions of the barotropic Navier-Stokes system

We consider a mixed finite-volume finite-element method applied to the Navier-Stokes system of equations describing the motion of a compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid. We show convergence as well as error estimates for the family numerical solutions on condition that: • the underlying physical domain as well as the data are smooth; • the time step ∆t and the parameter of the parameter h of the spatial discretization are proportional, ∆t ≈ h; • the family of numerical densities remains bounded for ∆t, h → 0. No a priori smoothness is required for the limit (exact) solution.
Culture influences source-memory for self-referenced information

Much of existing memory research has focused on individuals from Western cultures. As our society becomes increasingly multi-cultural, a cross-cultural approach to memory research is critical for generating more generalizable theories of memory. The values an individual endorses can influence the information that they remember, and the values that different cultural groups cultivate lead to substantive differences in the way people understand themselves. For example, East Asian cultures cultivate values of interdependence, while Western cultures cultivate values of independence. In this study, students from East Asian and Western cultures decided whether trait adjectives were self-descriptive. The adjectives were presented in two contexts: a context stressing independence and a context stressing interdependence. It was predicted that source memory would be improved in contexts that emphasize values that are consistent with the cultural values an individual endorses. Americans accurately recalled more words paired with the context stressing independence than words paired with the context stressing interdependence; suggesting that source memory improves when details being recollected are consistent with cultural values. No significant effects were found within the Chinese group. Well-structured information facilitates memory. One meaningful way to impose structure on information is by making incoming information personally relevant. This memory effect is called the self-referencing effect (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). In the most common self-referencing experimental design, participants make self-relevance judgments for lists of trait-adjectives such as, " friendly, " or " funny, " and are asked to decide whether the adjective is self-descriptive. Using this paradigm, Symons & Johnson (1997) found that item memory (memory for the trait-adjectives) is strengthened by use of self-referential processing. Recent research has demonstrated that self-referential processing produces a similar benefit for recollection of contextual details associated with the item (Leshikar & Duarte, 2011). Memory for contextual details associated with an item is referred to as source memory. Source memory can include remembering information such as list membership, screen location, or temporal order of presentation. There are a few possible mechanisms that produce the self-referencing effect. One explanation involves the theoretical construct of the self-schema. The self-schema is a highly organized, well elaborated cognitive structure that organizes autobiographical knowledge (Markus, 1977). The values and experiences an individual has influence the structure of the self-schema. People tend to remember information that is cohesive with the values and motivations contained in their self-schema (Conway, 2005). Memory is influenced by motivations. Anderson & Pichert (1978) manipulated the motivations …
Inferable Existential Quantification

Abstract interpretation is an excellent tool for designing complete dataflow analyses [6]. Existential quantification is an excellent tool for designing precise dataflow analyses. However, these two tools are difficult to combine. Abstract interpretation requires algorithms for deciding subtypes and constructing joins. This is problematic for existential quantification because simply subtyping with existential quantification is undecidable in general [17], not to mention the additional challenge of joining with existential quantification. This paper presents a category-theoretic framework for designing abstract domains for complete inference and analysis using constrained but expressive forms of existential quantification. This framework is constructive in that it supplies the abstract algorithms for deciding subtypes and constructing joins. This framework is also instructive in that it provides guidelines to follow while designing the abstract domain and existential quantification in order to guarantee inferability. Finally, the framework is practical for real-world applications, as demonstrated by its critical role in designing an inferable typed assembly language for C# [16].
Derivation and Diversification of Monoclonal Antibodies

A mouse can make ten million different antibodies, each synthesized by its own B lymphocyte. About 1000 different antibodies are able to recognize one single antigcnic determinant. When a conventional mouse response to such a determinant is analysed, only 5-10 different antibody species are seen, representing probably a random sample of the total repertoire. So even when appropriate absorptions or allogeneic immunizations have confined the antibody heterogeneity to one single determinant the sera obtained have four disadvantages: (I) the titres are low; (2) the antibodies, while specific for a single determinant, are nevertheless heterogeneous; (3) the supply is limited: and (4) the same combination of specific antibodies is impossible to reproduce in a new animal.
Corner Feature Extraction and Matching for Image Sequences Using Trinocular Geometry Approach

A new corner feature extraction and matching algorithm using trinocular epipolar line geometry from image sequences is presented. In this algorithm the third adjacent image is introduced to extract matching corner features procedure between the two images indirectly. Experimental results validated that the extracted features using the proposed algorithm are uniform essentially to those extracted from the two images directly.
Deletion and Altered Regulation @ and @ in Undifferentiated Mouse Skin Tumors'

p16@N@and p15INK4b @ycell cycle regulators that specifically bind to and Inhibit the cydlin D-dependent kinases, cdk4 and cdk6. Because these genes undergo frequent deletions and/or mutations to various human cancers, we examined the status and expression of the cognate mouse cdk Inhibitors In a panel of 29 cell llnes, as well as in 12 primary tumors, representing different stages of mouse skin carclnogenesls. Deletion of p16â€(cid:157)'â€(cid:157)â€(cid:157)and/orp15â€(cid:157)@' was seen In 8 of 10cell lines derived from spindle carcinomas, the most advanced stage of skin carcinogenesis. Five showed deletion of both genes, and three had Independent deletions ofp16â€(cid:157)@ or @J5INK4b,but In those retainingp16â€(cid:157)@, expression ofthe protein was not detected By contrast, none of 19 more differentiated squamous cell lines exhibited such deletions. In several cases, primary tumor DNA was avail able, and two spindle tumors showed the same deletion pattern as ob served In the corresponding cell lines. In apparent confrast, comparison of two clonally related squamous and spindle cell lines derived from a single carcinoma showed unusually high levels of pl601@ and pl5@â€(cid:157)@'only In the invasive spindle cells. Therefore, deletion or altered regulation of p16â€(cid:157)â€(cid:157)@ @ pJ5INx4b @ concomltantiy with the loss of differentiation associated with the late spindle stage of tumor progression mouse skin.
IVA-NLPR-IA-CAS TRECVID 2009: High LevelFeatures Extraction

In this report, we present overview and comparative analysis of our HLF detection system. Our baseline method utilizes global and local feature and reaches MAP 0.162. As many concepts in trecvid competition are relevant, we can mine relations between them to help train robust classifier. The last run is to utilize images from web data to enhance high level feature training. Three runs are submitted as following:  A_IVA_NLPR_IA_CAS1_1: baseline appraoch– average fusion of 4 SVM classification results for each concept using various feature representation choices.  A_IVA_NLPR_IA_CAS2_2: visual concept network based approach.  C_IVA_NLPR_IA_CAS3_3: web data transfer based approach.
Distributed Mathematical Model Simulation on a Parallel Architecture

The aim of this article is to discuss the design of distributed mathematical models and suitable parallel architecture of computers. The paper summarises the author’s experience with mathematical modelling of decomposed information systems of a simulator. Conclusions are based on the theory of the design of the computer control systems. The author describes computers that create a distributed computer system of a flight simulator. Modelling of a time precision of mathematical model of the speed of a simulator system is done by describing equations. The qualities of models depend on the architecture of computer systems. Some functions of other sections of POSIX are also analysed including semaphores and scheduling functions. An important part of this article is the implementation of computation speed of aircraft in multicore processor architecture.
The role of events in ICT adoption: same-sex marriage and Twitter

ABSTRACT ICT adoption is predominantly considered as a process conditioned by social structures, social situations of adopters, and attributes and features of technologies. What is often overlooked are the cultural forces that shape adoption experiences and processes. This paper focuses on events and event narratives as vehicles through which the efficacy of culture unfolds in technological change processes. Cultural sociology has shown how influential events can be for forming public opinions and facilitating collective action. This article considers the power of one event on a much smaller scale: the passage of same-sex marriage (SSM) law in New York in June 2011 was not only significant for marriage equality in the US but also for the operating logic of the news ecosystem in which the political decision was made ‒ the state house in Albany. For the journalists who covered this event on the ground, the SSM decision was the catalyst to fully embrace Twitter. Years later, the event still served as an exemplar for the potentials of Twitter and as a basis of legitimacy of associated tweeting practices reporters incorporated. This contribution is based on ethnographic research at the state house in Albany, analysis of tweets and legacy news coverage published during that period, and in-depth interviews with reporters.