Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systems Antecedents for Dissemination and Implementation

There is a growing emphasis on the role of organizations as settings for dissemination and implementation. Only recently has the field begun to consider features of organizations that affect dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions. This manuscript identifies and evaluates available measures for five key organizational-level constructs: (a) leadership, (b) vision, (c) managerial relations, (d) climate, and (e) absorptive capacity. Overall the picture was the same across the five constructs—no measure was used in more than one study, many studies did not report the psychometric properties of the measures, some assessments were based on a single response per unit, and the level of the instrument and analysis did not always match. One must seriously consider the development and evaluation of a robust set of measures that will serve as the basis of building the field, allow for comparisons across organizational types and intervention topics, and allow a robust area of dissemination and implementation research to develop.
Multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

Single-photon-detector arrays can provide unparalleled performance and detailed information in applications that require precise timing and single photon sensitivity. Such arrays have been demonstrated using a number of single-photon-detector technologies, but the high performance of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) and the unavoidable overhead of cryogenic cooling make SNSPDs particularly likely to be used in applications that require detectors with the highest performance available. These applications are also the most likely to benefit from and fully utilize the large amount of information and performance advantages provided by a single-photon-detector array. Although the performance advantages of individual superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been investigated since their first demonstration in 2001, the advantages gained by building arrays of multiple SNSPDs may be even more unique among single photon detector technologies. First, the simplicity and nanoscale dimensions of these detectors make it possible to easily operate multiple elements and to closely space these elements such that the active area of an array is essentially identical to that of a single element. This ability to eliminate seam-loss between elements, as well as the performance advantages gained by using multiple smaller elements, makes the multi-element approach an attractive way to increase the general detector performance (detection efficiency and maximum counting rate) as well as to provide new capabilities (photon-number, spatial, and spectral resolution). Additionally, in contrast to semiconductor-based single-photon detectors, SNSPDs have a negligible probability of spontaneously emitting photons during the detection process, eliminating a potential source of crosstalk between array elements. However, the SNSPD can be susceptible to other forms of crosstalk, such as thermal or electromagnetic interactions between elements, so it was important to investigate the operation and limitations of multi-element SNSPDs. This thesis will introduce the concept of a multi-element SNSPD with a continuous active area and will investigate its performance advantages, its potential drawbacks and finally its application to intensity correlation measurements.
M ay 2 00 6 FNT / T 2006 / 04 A Non-Gaussian Approach to Risk Measures

Reliable calculations of financial risk require that the fat-tailed nature of prices changes is included in risk measures. To this end, a non-Gaussian approach to financial risk management is presented, modeling the power-law tails of the returns distribution in terms of a Student-t distribution. Non-Gaussian closed-form solutions for Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall are obtained and standard formulae known in the literature under the normality assumption are recovered as a special case. The implications of the approach for risk management are demonstrated through an empirical analysis of financial time series from the Italian stock market and in comparison with the results of the most widely used procedures of quantitative finance. Particular attention is paid to quantify the size of the errors affecting the market risk measures obtained according to different methodologies, by employing a bootstrap technique.
Measles Virus Vaccine–Infected Tumor Cells Induce Tumor Antigen Cross-Presentation by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Purpose: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are antigen-presenting cells specialized in antiviral response. The measles virus vaccine is proposed as an antitumor agent to target and specifically kill tumor cells without infecting healthy cells. Experimental Design: Here, we investigated, in vitro, the effects of measles virus vaccine–infected tumor cells on the phenotype and functions of human pDC. We studied maturation and tumor antigen cross-presentation by pDC, exposed either to the virus alone, or to measles virus vaccine–infected or UV-irradiated tumor cells. Results: We found that only measles virus vaccine–infected cells induced pDC maturation with a strong production of IFN-α, whereas UV-irradiated tumor cells were unable to activate pDC. This IFN-α production was triggered by the interaction of measles virus vaccine single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) with TLR7. We observed that measles virus vaccine–infected tumor cells were phagocytosed by pDC. Interestingly, we showed cross-presentation of the tumor antigen NYESO-1 to a specific CD8+ T-cell clone when pDC were cocultured with measles virus vaccine–infected tumor cells, whereas pDC were unable to cross-present NYESO-1 after coculture with UV-irradiated tumor cells. Conclusions: Altogether, our results suggest that the use of measles virus vaccine in antitumor virotherapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death, allowing pDC to mature, produce high amounts of IFN-α, and cross-present tumor antigen, thus representing a mode of recruiting these antigen-presenting cells in the immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1147–58. ©2012 AACR.
A Novel Email response Algorithm for Email Management Systems

Email has been one of the most commonly used tool for communication in the recent years and email management has evolved as a major challenge due to prevailing situation of online email congestion. This study presents a novel algorithm for automatic email response methodology in an Email Management System to minimize email overload. The proposed model uses Bayes classifier to categorize emails into classes and generate suitabl e replies to these classes using information extraction and template filling. Our research aims to intelligently automate email response using Naiv e Bayesian classification and formulate probabilistic dictionaries for accurate information extraction. This research will help in reducing email overload and unavoidable congestion by employing a novel email response architecture for an email management systems.
Clinical Association between Renal Insufficiency and Positive Troponin I in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Whether renal insufficiency (RI) influences troponin levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is controversial. We attempted to determine whether there is an association between RI and troponin I (TnI) elevation in patients presenting with ACS. Methods: We studied 764 consecutive patients with ACS admitted to our institution from January 1999 to June 2000. Patients were identified prospectively and data were collected through chart review of all cases with an admission diagnosis of ACS. In order to assess the relationship of TnI and RI, we calculated the creatinine clearance (Cr-Cl) for all patients. We conducted an analysis of variance comparing TnI in quintiles of patients with lowest to highest Cr-Cl. Results: Among 764 patients, 173 patients had a discharge diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction and 591 had non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. There was no correlation between peak TnI levels and renal function as measured by Cr-Cl in the entire cohort with ACS and in the subgroups with ST elevation myocardial infarction and non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusions: This large cohort study demonstrates that there appears to be no association between RI and positive TnI in patients with ACS.
Nonhomologous RNA Recombination in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Molecular Characterization of a Variety of Subgenomic RNAs Isolated during an Outbreak of Fatal Mucosal Disease

ABSTRACT Four bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) pairs consisting of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncp BVDV-2 were isolated during an outbreak of mucosal disease. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the four noncp BVDV-2 isolates were almost identical. For the cp BVDV-2 isolates, viral subgenomic RNAs were shown by Northern blot to have a length of about 8 kb, which is about 4.3 kb shorter than the genome of noncp BVDV. Cytopathogenicity and the expression of NS3 were both strictly correlated to the presence of viral subgenomic RNAs. By reverse transcription-PCR, Southern blot analysis, and nucleotide sequencing, a set of 11 unique subgenomes was identified with up to 5 different subgenomes isolated from one animal. To our knowledge, this is the first report on isolation of a set of pestiviral subgenomes from individual animals. Common features of the BVDV-2 subgenomic RNAs include (i) deletion of most of the genomic region encoding the structural proteins, as well as the nonstructural proteins p7 and NS2, and (ii) insertion of cellular (poly)ubiquitin coding sequences. Three subgenomes also comprised 15 to 75 nucleotides derived from the 5′ part of the NS2 gene. Comparisons of the obtained nucleotide sequences revealed that the different BVDV-2 subgenomes evolved from the respective noncp BVDV-2 by RNA recombination. The presence of short regions of sequence similarity at several crossing-over sites suggests that base pairing between the nascent RNA strand and the acceptor RNA template facilitates template switching of the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Prevalence of "distressed" personality in patients with coronary artery disease and its correlation with morbidity after coronary surgery.

INTRODUCTION The "distressed" (Type-D) personality is an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk of impaired quality of life, morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of Type-D personality among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with the development of complications following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS A Greek version of the Type-D Personality Scale-14 (DS14), along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as well as the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), were used. A cohort of 323 patients with CAD was examined. RESULTS The prevalence of Type-D personality among Greek patients with CAD was found to be 18.24%. Type-D patients showed a higher rate of anxiety and depression compared to non Type-D patients. Type-D was also associated with passive coping and negatively correlated with active coping. Regarding postoperative morbidity, type-D patients were at an increased risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation, while no significant differences were found in the development of any other complication. CONCLUSIONS The impact of Type-D personality on health outcomes should be studied further, both in clinical samples and in the general population.
Myeloid Suppressor Cell Depletion Augments Antitumor Activity in Lung Cancer

Background Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are important regulators of immune responses. We evaluated the mechanistic role of MDSC depletion on antigen presenting cell (APC), NK, T cell activities and therapeutic vaccination responses in murine models of lung cancer. Principal Findings Individual antibody mediated depletion of MDSC (anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G) enhanced the antitumor activity against lung cancer. In comparison to controls, MDSC depletion enhanced the APC activity and increased the frequency and activity of the NK and T cell effectors in the tumor. Compared to controls, the anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G treatment led to increased: (i) CD8 T cells, (ii) NK cells, (iii) CD8 T or NK intracytoplasmic expression of IFNγ, perforin and granzyme (iv) CD3 T cells expressing the activation marker CD107a and CXCR3, (v) reduced CD8 T cell IL-10 production in the tumors (vi) reduced tumor angiogenic (VEGF, CXCL2, CXCL5, and Angiopoietin1&2) but enhanced anti-angiogenic (CXCL9 and CXCL10) expression and (vii) reduced tumor staining of endothelial marker Meca 32. Immunocytochemistry of tumor sections showed reduced Gr1 expressing cells with increased CD3 T cell infiltrates in the anti-Gr1 or anti-Ly6G groups. MDSC depletion led to a marked inhibition in tumor growth, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and reduced migration of the tumors from the primary site to the lung compared to controls. Therapeutic vaccination responses were enhanced in vivo following MDSC depletion with 50% of treated mice completely eradicating established tumors. Treated mice that rejected their primary tumors acquired immunological memory against a secondary tumor challenge. The remaining 50% of mice in this group had 20 fold reductions in tumor burden compared to controls. Significance Our data demonstrate that targeting MDSC can improve antitumor immune responses suggesting a broad applicability of combined immune based approaches against cancer. This multifaceted approach may prove useful against tumors where MDSC play a role in tumor immune evasion.
Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks using WLAN technology have recently received considerable attention. We present a position-based routing scheme called Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) designed specifically for inter-vehicle communication in a city and/or highway environment. A distinguishing property of CAR is the ability to not only locate positions of destinations but also to find connected paths between source and destination pairs. These paths are auto-adjusted on the fly, without a new discovery process. "Guards" help to track the current position of a destination, even if it traveled a substantial distance from its initially known location. For the evaluation of the CAR protocol we use realistic mobility traces obtained from a microscopic vehicular traffic simulator that is based on a model of driver behavior and the real road maps of Switzerland.
SuperPred: update on drug classification and target prediction

The SuperPred web server connects chemical similarity of drug-like compounds with molecular targets and the therapeutic approach based on the similar property principle. Since the first release of this server, the number of known compound–target interactions has increased from 7000 to 665 000, which allows not only a better prediction quality but also the estimation of a confidence. Apart from the addition of quantitative binding data and the statistical consideration of the similarity distribution in all drug classes, new approaches were implemented to improve the target prediction. The 3D similarity as well as the occurrence of fragments and the concordance of physico-chemical properties is also taken into account. In addition, the effect of different fingerprints on the prediction was examined. The retrospective prediction of a drug class (ATC code of the WHO) allows the evaluation of methods and descriptors for a well-characterized set of approved drugs. The prediction is improved by 7.5% to a total accuracy of 75.1%. For query compounds with sufficient structural similarity, the web server allows prognoses about the medical indication area of novel compounds and to find new leads for known targets. SuperPred is publicly available without registration at: http://prediction.charite. de.
Track Fusion with Road Constraints

This paper is concerned with tracking of ground targets on roads and investigates possible ways to improve target state estimation via fusing a target's track with information about a road along which the target is believed to be traveling. A target track is estimated by a surveillance radar whereas a digital map provides the road network of a region under surveillance. When the information about roads is as accurate as (or even better than) radar measurements, it is desired naturally to incorporate such information (fusion) into target state estimation. In this paper, roads are modeled with analytic functions and its fusion with a target track is cast as linear or nonlinear state constraints in an optimization procedure. The constrained optimization is then solved with the Lagrangian multiplier, leading to a closed-form solution for linear constraints and an iterative solution for nonlinear constraints. Geometric interpretations of the solutions are provided for simple cases. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the algorithms.
NavyDroid: Detecting Energy Inefficiency Problems for Smartphone Applications

Many smartphone applications suffer from energy inefficiency problems, but locating these problems is quite difficult and labor-intensive. Automated tools for detecting energy inefficiency bugs have been shown to be effective. Existing approaches generally consist of two parts, namely the simulation part and the monitor part. The simulation part explores an application's state space guided by an application execution model, and the monitor part checks for occurrences of energy inefficiency patterns. However, existing approaches might miss energy inefficiency bugs due to their imprecise application execution models and oversimplified energy inefficiency diagnosis policies. In this paper, we proposed NavyDroid, an approach to diagnosing energy inefficiency problems more effectively. We summarized a comprehensive application execution model from Android specifications and expressed it as a state machine. By considering multiple patterns of wake lock misuses, our approach is able to detect more complex energy bugs caused by wake lock misuses. We implemented NavyDroidon top of Java Pathfinder (JPF) and applied it to real-world applications. We evaluated NavyDroid with 17 real-world Android applications, and NavyDroid located more energy inefficiency bugs in these applications than the existing work E-GreenDroid did. The results of our experiments demonstrate that our approach can effectively locate real energy inefficiency bugs in Android applications, suggesting its effectiveness.
Successful Study Abroad: Tips for Student Preparation, Immersion, and Postprocessing.

Student and faculty evaluations of study abroad programs often reveal that participants do not fully capitalize on the learning opportunities of fered to them. Some students are not completely aware of the challenges that await them (Stephen son), seem to lack skills to analyze the complexities of their host country (Laubscher), and may seek refuge in fellow participants rather than face cul tural adjustment difficulties (Citron). It is also evi dent that study abroad programs are often not cre ated in a way that "takes students' [cultural] bag gage into serious consideration in program design" (Engle and Engle 33). Many programs do not maximize students' growth as culture and thus also language learners, as is sometimes falsely assumed and advertised. As Woolf writes, "proximity does not create integration" (30), nor does it guarantee deep interaction with the host culture. Therefore, a more holistic approach to study abroad is needed, one that creates a maximum immersion experi ence and couches it in student preparation and postprocessing in the home German language classroom. This article introduces instructors with an inter est in initiating a study abroad program, maybe for the first time, to some foundational concepts and practical guidelines. The authors specifically dis cuss three components that can make study abroad programs more effective: First, we offer a list of tips and resources for language instructors on how to integrate culture learning into the home classroom and thus support students in preparing for study abroad. Second, we provide some basic criteria for evaluating study abroad programs and offer sug gestions on how to create academically solid pro grams with opportunities for meaningful immer sion. Third, we offer ideas for guiding students in processing their experiences upon their return. Al though this article focuses on semesterand year long programs in German-speaking countries, much is applicable to study abroad programs of shorter duration and in other world locations.
TaSnRK2.4, an SNF1-type serine/threonine protein kinase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), confers enhanced multistress tolerance in Arabidopsis

Osmotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major environmental factors that limit agricultural productivity worldwide. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation are major signalling events induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase2 family members play essential roles in response to hyperosmotic stresses in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. In this study, the function of TaSnRK2.4 in drought, salt, and freezing stresses in Arabidopsis was characterized. A translational fusion protein of TaSnRK2.4 with green fluorescent protein showed subcellular localization in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. To examine the role of TaSnRK2.4 under various environmental stresses, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing wheat TaSnRK2.4 under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were generated. Overexpression of TaSnRK2.4 resulted in delayed seedling establishment, longer primary roots, and higher yield under normal growing conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TaSnRK2.4 had enhanced tolerance to drought, salt, and freezing stresses, which were simultaneously supported by physiological results, including decreased rate of water loss, enhanced higher relative water content, strengthened cell membrane stability, improved photosynthesis potential, and significantly increased osmotic potential. The results show that TaSnRK2.4 is involved in the regulation of enhanced osmotic potential, growth, and development under both normal and stress conditions, and imply that TaSnRK2.4 is a multifunctional regulatory factor in Arabidopsis. Since the overexpression of TaSnRK2.4 can significantly strengthen tolerance to drought, salt, and freezing stresses and does not retard the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under well-watered conditions, TaSnRK2.4 could be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve abiotic stresses in crops.
XML data integration:Schema Extraction and Mapping

Huiping Cao Arizona State University, Arizona, USA Yan Qi Arizona State University, Arizona, USA K. Selcuk Candan Arizona State University, Arizona, USA Maria Luisa Sapino University Of Torino, Torino, Italy ABSTRACT Many applications require exchange and integration of data from multiple, heterogeneous sources. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a standard developed to satisfy the convenient data exchange needs of these applications. However, XML by itself does not address the data integration requirements. This chapter discusses the challenges and techniques in XML Data Integration. It first presents a four step outline, illustrating the steps involved in the integration of XML data. This chapter, then, focuses on the first two of these steps: schema extraction and data/schema mapping. More specifically, schema extraction presents techniques to extract tree summaries, DTDs, or XML Schemas from XML documents. The discussion on data/schema mapping focuses on techniques for aligning XML data and schemas.