Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic approaches to the collapse operation and equivalence verification of threshold logic circuits

Threshold logic circuits gain increasing attention due to their feasible realization with emerging technologies and strong bind to neural network applications. In this paper, for logic synthesis we formulate the fundamental operation of collapsing threshold logic gates, not addressed by prior efforts. A necessary and sufficient condition of collapsibility is obtained for linear combination of two threshold logic gates, and an analytic approach is proposed for fast circuit transformation. On the other hand, for equivalence verification we propose a linear time translation from threshold logic circuits to pseudo-Boolean constraints, in contrast to prior exponential translation costs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of circuit transformation by the collapse operation and the memory efficiency of equivalence verification by our pseudo-Boolean translation.
On the Continuation of the Great Moderation: New evidence from G7 Countries

This paper employs a Markov regime-switching approach to investigate whether the Great Moderation is over since the start of the late 2000s recession. The results con rm that the recent nancial crisis did cause a simultaneous high-volatility period among the G7 countries. However, the nancial crisis may not mark the end of the Great Moderation. There is strong evidence that each G7 country has again returned to the low-variance state since 2009 or the beginning of 2010.
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Snapshot Survey of O VI Variability in the Winds of 66 OB-Type Stars

We have used the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer to conduct a snapshot survey of O VI variability in the winds of 66 OB-type stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. These time series consist of two or three observations separated by intervals ranging from a few days to several months. Although these time series provide the bare minimum of information required to detect variations, this survey demonstrates that the O VI doublet in the winds of OB-type stars is variable on various scales in both time and velocity. For spectral types from O3 to B1, 64% vary in time. At spectral types later than B1, no wind variability is observed. In view of the limitations of this survey, this fraction represents a lower limit on the true incidence of variability in the O VI wind lines, which is very common and probably ubiquitous. In contrast, for S IV and P V, only a small percentage of the whole sample shows wind variations, although this may be principally due to selection effects. The observed variations extend over several hundreds of kilometers per second of the wind profile and can be strong. The width over which the wind O VI profile varies is only weakly correlated with the terminal velocity (v∞), but a significant correlation (close to a 1 : 1 relationship) is derived between the maximum velocity of the variation and v∞. High-velocity O VI wind absorption features (possibly related to the discrete absorption components seen in other wind lines) are also observed in 46% of the cases for spectral types from O3 to B0.5. These features are variable, but the nature of their propagation cannot be determined from this survey. If X-rays can produce sufficient O VI by Auger ionization of O IV and the X-rays originate from strong shocks in the wind, this study suggests that stronger shocks occur more frequently near v∞, causing an enhancement of O VI near v∞.
Investigating the genetic association between ERAP1 and ankylosing spondylitis

A strong association between ERAP1 and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was recently identified by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and the Australo-Anglo-American Spondylitis Consortium (WTCCC-TASC) study. ERAP1 is highly polymorphic with strong linkage disequilibrium evident across the gene. We therefore conducted a series of experiments to try to identify the primary genetic association(s) with ERAP1. We replicated the original associations in an independent set of 730 patients and 1021 controls, resequenced ERAP1 to define the full extent of coding polymorphisms and tested all variants in additional association studies. The genetic association with ERAP1 was independently confirmed; the strongest association was with rs30187 in the replication set (P = 3.4 × 10−3). When the data were combined with the original WTCCC-TASC study the strongest association was with rs27044 (P = 1.1 × 10−9). We identified 33 sequence polymorphisms in ERAP1, including three novel and eight known non-synonymous polymorphisms. We report several new associations between AS and polymorphisms distributed across ERAP1 from the extended case–control study, the most significant of which was with rs27434 (P = 4.7 × 10−7). Regression analysis failed to identify a primary association clearly; we therefore used data from HapMap to impute genotypes for an additional 205 non-coding SNPs located within and adjacent to ERAP1. A number of highly significant associations (P < 5 × 10−9) were identified in regulatory sequences which are good candidates for causing susceptibility to AS, possibly by regulating ERAP1 expression.
FUZZY LOGIC BASED CONVOLUTIONAL DECODER FOR USE IN MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEMS A .

Efficient convolutional coding and decoding algorithms are most crucial to successful operation of wireless communication systems in order to achieve high quality of service by reducing the overall bit error rate performance. A widely applied and well evaluated scheme for error correction purposes is well known as Viterbi algorithm [7]. Although the Viterbi algorithm has very good error correcting characteristics, computational effort required remains high. In this paper a novel approach is discussed introducing a convolutional decoder design based on fuzzy logic [8]. A simplified version of this fuzzy based decoder is examined with respect to bit error rate (BER) performance. It can be shown that the fuzzy based convolutional decoder here proposed considerably reduces computational effort with only minor BER performance degradation when compared to the classical Viterbi approach.
Empirical evidence of financial statement manipulation during economic recessions

This paper uses Benford’s Law, a mathematical law that predicts the frequency of naturally occurring numbers, to investigate the occurrence of the intentional manipulation of reported financial statement numbers during recessionary times. The analysis shows that reported financial statement data generally conforms to Benford’s Law. However, in periods surrounding recessions occurring since 1950, reported financial statement numbers fail to conform, indicating an increased level of manipulation. It is important to note that the data used in this study has been restated to correct the effects of financial statement manipulations that have been caught and corrected. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that, during recessionary times, there is a certain level of financial statement manipulation that goes undetected—most likely because the manipulations are corrected when the economy improves and are not exposed by events such as bankruptcy. It is also important to note that the tests in this study cannot distinguish between manipulations that may be within the parameters of generally accepted accounting procedures and those that may cross the line into fraud.
AF two-path half duplex relaying with inter-relay self interference cancellation: diversity analysis and its improvement

In this paper, we consider a network consisting of one source, one destination and two relays, under a half duplex constraint. We analyze an amplify-and-forward (AF) two-path relaying scheme where one of the relays additionally performs inter-relay interference cancellation. With this inter-relay self interference cancellation, we show that degradation in performance can be significantly reduced when inter-relay channel gain increases. By treating the AF two-path relaying as an equivalent MIMO space time code, we derive an upper bound for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of this system. Previous works indicate that only a diversity order of two can be achieved even though physically there are three possibly independent spatial paths to the destination. From our analysis of the PEP, we analytically prove and identify the reason to the limited diversity order of two. We then propose a simple but novel precoding scheme which allows the system to achieve a full diversity order of three while maintaining the spectral efficiency gain of the two-path relaying protocol. A robust precoding design to achieve full diversity order with high coding gain is also proposed.
Classifier Ensemble Design with Rotation Forest to Enhance Attack Detection of IDS in Wireless Network

This paper is devoted to discover the appropriate base classifier algorithms while employing Rotation Forest as an ensemble learning method for intrusion detection system (IDS) in wireless network. Twenty different classification algorithms are involved in the experiment and their detection performances are assessed using the value of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) performance metric. The performance result of an ensemble learner are evaluated, including its significant improvement while using diverse machine leaning algorithms as base classifiers. From the experimental result and classifier significant test, it can be revealed that the performance of Rotation Forest has brought significant improvement over the base classifiers.
Extinction Curves of Lensing Galaxies out to z = 1

We present a survey of the extinction properties of 10 lensing galaxies, in the redshift range z = 0.04-1.01, using multiply lensed quasars imaged with the ESO VLT in the optical and near-infrared. The multiple images act as "standard light sources" shining through different parts of the lensing galaxy, allowing for extinction studies by comparison of pairs of images. We explore the effects of systematics in the extinction curve analysis, including extinction along both lines of sight and microlensing, using theoretical analysis and simulations. In the sample, we see variation in both the amount and type of extinction. Of the 10 systems, seven are consistent with extinction along at least one line of sight. The mean differential extinction for the most extinguished image pair for each lens is (V) = 0.56 ± 0.04, using Galactic extinction law parameterization. The corresponding mean V = 2.8 ± 0.4 is consistent with that of the Milky Way at RV = 3.1, where RV = A(V)/E(B - V). We do not see any strong evidence for evolution of extinction properties with redshift. Of the 10 systems, B1152+199 shows the strongest extinction signal of A(V) = 2.43 ± 0.09 and is consistent with a Galactic extinction law with RV = 2.1 ± 0.1. Given the similar redshift distribution of SN Ia hosts and lensing galaxies, a large space-based study of multiply imaged quasars would be a useful complement to future dark energy SN Ia surveys, providing independent constraints on the statistical extinction properties of galaxies up to z ~ 1.
Feedback and error protection strategies for wireless progressive video transmission

Simple but meaningful models for a mobile radio channel are introduced and a channel-coding system based on high-memory rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes with an appropriate sequential decoding algorithm, the far-end error decoder (FEED), are presented. In combination with puncturing, we devise a method for unequal error protection (UEP) and error localization within a progressively coded source message without any additional error detection code. The FEED-based channel-coding system does not aim to minimize the bit or word error probability, but to delay the first error within a data frame as far as possible. This channel-coding scheme and the FEED algorithm can be used efficiently with automatic repeat request (ARQ). We present different ARQ strategies. For all forward error-correction (FEC) schemes, bounds are specified which allow the estimation of the performance and appropriate rate allocation. We briefly discuss an efficient fine granular scalable video compression scheme, the progressive texture video codec (PTVC). The proposed scheme generates an embedded bit-stream for each frame and allows reference frames to be adjusted. These source and channel-coding algorithms are used to design several video communication systems based on FEC and ARQ methods. The resulting systems are presented and compared. Performance estimations based on bounding techniques and optimized rate-allocation algorithms are derived and applied. Experimental results show the improvement potential of the proposed systems compared to standard schemes. Video communication over very low bit-rate mobile channels with varying channel conditions is thus made possible.
High-Speed Event Counting and Classification Using a Dictionary Hash Technique

This paper presents a \dictionary hash" technique that, when presented with a large group of labeled events, can stochastically determine the number of unique labels quickly and with a small amount of memory. This technique is applicable to areas such as signal processing, process monitoring and control, and computer communications network monitoring and control. As a speciic example, this paper focuses on application of this technique to congestion-avoidance algorithms in high-speed computer-communications networks. In this application , the events are packet 1 arrivals at a particular network node, and the labels consist of the source and destination addresses in the packets. The set of all packets with a particular source/destination address pair constitutes a \session"; the more sophisticated congestion-avoidance algorithms require knowledge of the number of active sessions. This knowledge can be provided in an eeective and timely manner by the dictionary hash technique presented in this paper. The technique is conngurable to any desired degree of accuracy and lends itself to a simple realization in high-speed parallel hardware. This paper will describe how to optimize performance of both hardware and software implementations of the dictionary hash technique. A \packet" is a block of information that is switched through the network as a unit.
Longitudinal analysis of carcinogenic human papillomavirus infection and associated cytologic abnormalities in the Guanacaste natural history study: looking ahead to cotesting.

BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the timing of cervical cytologic abnormalities and human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity during the course of an infection. It remains largely unknown how infections detected by HPV and cytology wax and wane relative to each other. The aim of this analysis was to assess the longitudinal relationship of abnormal cytology and HPV positivity in a 7-year prospective study of 2500 women in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. METHODS At each semiannual or annual visit, cervical specimens were screened using liquid-based cytology and tested for >40 HPV types with use of MY09/MY11 L1 degenerate primer polymerase chain reaction-based methods. On the basis of previous work, we separated prevalent and newly detected infections in younger and older women. RESULTS Among newly detected HPV- and/or cytology-positive events, HPV and cytology appeared together ∼60% of the time; when discordant, HPV tended to appear before cytology in younger and older women. Combining newly and prevalently detected events, HPV and cytology disappeared at the same time >70% of the time. When discordant, HPV tended to disappear after cytology in younger and older women. CONCLUSIONS Detection of HPV DNA and associated cytological abnormalities tend to come and leave together; however, when discordant, detection of HPV DNA tends to precede and/or last longer than associated cytologic abnormalities.
First Clinical Experience with Integrated Whole-Body PET/MR: Comparison to PET/CT in Patients with Oncologic Diagnoses

The recently introduced first integrated whole-body PET/MR scanner allows simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI data in humans and, thus, may offer new opportunities, particularly regarding diagnostics in oncology. This scanner features major technologic differences from conventional PET/CT devices, including the replacement of photomultipliers with avalanche photodiodes and the need for MRI-based attenuation correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparability of clinical performance between conventional PET/CT and PET/MR in patients with oncologic diseases. Methods: Thirty-two patients with different oncologic diagnoses underwent a single-injection, dual-imaging protocol consisting of a PET/CT and subsequent PET/MR scan. PET/CT scans were performed according to standard clinical protocols (86 ± 8 min after injection of 401 ± 42 MBq of 18F-FDG, 2 min/bed position). Subsequently (140 ± 24 min after injection), PET/MR was performed (4 min/bed position). PET images of both modalities were reconstructed iteratively. Attenuation and scatter correction as well as regional allocation of PET findings were performed using low-dose CT data for PET/CT and Dixon MRI sequences for PET/MR. PET/MR and PET/CT were compared visually by 2 teams of observers by rating the number and location of lesions suspicious for malignancy, as well as image quality and alignment. For quantitative comparison, standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the detected lesions and of different tissue types were assessed. Results: Simultaneous PET/MR acquisition was feasible with high quality in short acquisition time (≤20 min). No significant difference was found between the numbers of suspicious lesions (n = 80) or lesion-positive patients (n = 20) detected with PET/MR or PET/CT. Anatomic allocation of PET/MR findings by means of the Dixon MRI sequence was comparable to allocation of PET/CT findings by means of low-dose CT. Quantitative evaluation revealed a high correlation between mean SUVs measured with PET/MR and PET/CT in lesions (ρ = 0.93) and background tissue (ρ = 0.92). Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for what is to our knowledge the first time, that integrated whole-body PET/MR is feasible in a clinical setting with high quality and in a short examination time. The reliability of PET/MR was comparable to that of PET/CT in allowing the detection of hypermetabolic lesions suspicious for malignancy in patients with oncologic diagnoses. Despite different attenuation correction approaches, tracer uptake in lesions and background correlated well between PET/MR and PET/CT. The Dixon MRI sequences acquired for attenuation correction were found useful for anatomic allocation of PET findings obtained by PET/MR in the entire body. These encouraging results may form the foundation for future studies aiming to define the added value of PET/MR over PET/CT.
Linear subdivision schemes for the refinement of geometric objects

Subdivision schemes are efficient computational methods for the design, representation and approximation of surfaces of arbitrary topology in R3. Subdivision schemes generate curves/surfaces from discrete data by repeated refinements. This paper reviews some of the theory of linear stationary subdivision schemes and their applications in geometric modelling. The first part is concerned with �classical� schemes refining control points. The second part reviews linear subdivision schemes refining other objects, such as vectors of Hermite-type data, compact sets in Rn and nets of curves in R3. Examples of various schemes are presented.
Fault detection and accommodation of a class of nonlinear systems

Fault detection and accommodation strategy for a nonlinear system is proposed in this paper. The faults only related to the system states are considered, these typical faults are very common in physical systems. The basis idea is that when the desired trajectory is periodic, then the fault function can be expended to parameterized known basis functions by Fourier series, and thus an adaptive learning scheme based on the known basis functions for accommodating failures can be constructed. A fault detection scheme based on the nominal model is designed via the dynamic of the tracking errors. The robustness and sensitivity of the proposed fault detection scheme with respect to modeling uncertainties are analyzed. The stability of the proposed accommodation controller is also proved and the tracking performance is saved.
Chinese semantic role labeling based on semantic knowledge

Most of the semantic role labeling systems use syntactic analysis results to predict semantic roles. However, there are some problems that could not be well-done only by syntactic features. In this paper, lexical semantic features are extracted from some semantic dictionaries. Two typical lexical semantic dictionaries are used, TongYiCi CiLin and CSD. CiLin is built on convergent relationship and CSD is based on syntagmatic relationship. According to both of the dictionaries, two labeling models are set up, CiLin model and CSD model. Also, one pure syntactic model and one mixed model are built. The mixed model combines all of the syntactic and semantic features. The experimental results show that the application of different level of lexical semantic knowledge could help use some language inherent attributes and the knowledge could help to improve the performance of the system.
Ubiquitous Virtual Private Network: A Solution for WSN Seamless Integration

Sensor networks are becoming an essential part of ubiquitous systems and applications. However, there are no well-defined protocols or mechanisms to access the sensor network from the enterprise information system. We consider this issue as a heterogeneous network interconnection problem, and as a result, the same concepts may be applied. Specifically, we propose the use of object-oriented middlewares to provide a virtual private network in which all involved elements (sensor nodes or computer applications) will be able to communicate as if all of them were in a single and uniform network.
Detection of Defective Word in Web

Word Sense Ambiguity is a cause of poor performance in Web Information Retrieval Systems. Most words are ambiguous to some degree, what sense a word occurrence has depends on the context it appears in. Recent research into the application of a word sense disambiguate to Web Information Retrieval System failed to show any performance increase. In this study we will investigate the use of a state of the Word Sense Ambiguity System within a Web Information Retrieval Framework. Also we will analyze the language morphology and the impact of query ambiguity on the performance of Web Information Retrieval System. This paper presents research that goes beyond previous work in this field to reveal the influence that ambiguity and disambiguation have on a probabilistic Information Retrieval System. In addition we argue that if a word sense disambiguator is to be of any use to an IR system, the disambiguator must be able to resolve word senses to a high degree of accuracy. General Terms Word Sense Ambiguity, Web Information Retrieval