Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary variants of Rous sarcoma virus: large deletion mutants do not result from homologous recombination

Large deletion (LD) mutants of Prague strain Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup B (PrB), derived by serial undiluted passage through chicken (C/E) cells, were isolated and characterized. Individual LD viruses were initially isolated by cloning in soft agar of infected, chemically transformed quail (QT6) cells. Two regions of the PrB genome were deleted in the formation of the LD virus. This resulted in the junction of gag sequences in p12 to env sequences in gp37, and in the loss of the src gene. DNA restriction analysis of biologically active lambda Charon 27-LD recombinant clones indicated that individual LD viruses contained similar but not identical deletion endpoints. Two LD isolates, LD25 and LD85, were further subcloned into pBR322, and the deletion junctions were examined by DNA sequencing. Although the gag-env deletion endpoints were identical in the two subclones, heterogeneity was observed across the src deletion in that both mutants analyzed had the same 5' endpoint but slightly different 3' endpoints. In all cases, only a single homologous base (always an A residue) was found at the deletion endpoint. S1 nuclease analysis of the RNA from a number of QT6-LD clones gave similar results, indicating that the LD population was composed of viruses with similar but not identical deletion endpoints. Such viruses may have been generated from errors during reverse transcription of the virion RNA with subsequent selection assuring their dominance in the population.
Exploring gender differences in the working lives of UK hospital consultants

Objective Internationally, increasing numbers of women are practising medicine. Gender differences in doctors’ working hours, specialty choices and communication styles are well documented, but studies often neglect contextual factors such as the role of socialised gender expectations on behaviours in the workplace and the medical profession. These may be important as recent studies have reported gender differences in doctors’ activity rates that cannot be explained by specialty or contracted hours, suggesting other sources of variation. This study sought to explore the working lives of hospital doctors and how their work is negotiated according to gender and context. Design Gender differences in the day-to-day work of hospital specialists (consultants) in the NHS were investigated using a qualitative approach, including observation and interview methods. Data were analysed inductively using qualitative observation and interview methods. Setting Two NHS hospital trusts in England. Participants Data were collected from 13 participants working in a variety of specialties and in a range of clinical and non-clinical settings. Main outcome measures Various behaviours, attitudes and experiences were explored, such as doctor–patient communication, interactions with colleagues and workload. Results Influences at both individual and situational levels, appear to affect differentially the work of male and female doctors. Female consultants described awareness of the impact of behaviours on relationships with colleagues, and their interactions appeared to be more carefully performed. Nurses and other colleagues tend to demonstrate less cooperation with female consultants. Gender differences also exist in patient communication, feelings of work–family conflict and barriers to career progression. Conclusions These variations in hospital consultants’ work may have implications for both the quantity and quality of care provided by male and female consultants. This is timely and of importance to the medical workforce as the gender composition approaches parity.
Comparative Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Cytoskeletal Changes in Dexamethasone-Treated Trabecular Meshwork Cells*

Changes in the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs) are thought to contribute to the increased intraocular pressure observed in primary open-angle and steroid-induced glaucoma. To better understand the effects of glucocorticoids, we employed a shotgun method to analyze global changes in the cytoskeleton and integrin signaling pathways following dexamethasone (DEX) treatment of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. RNA and cell lysates were obtained from HTM cells incubated with or without DEX. Changes in protein expression were determined by mass spectrometry (MS) following differential centrifugation of cell lysates to enrich for low-abundance cytoskeletal and signaling proteins, proteolytic digestion, and a titanium dioxide column to enrich for phosphopeptides. Results were validated by Western blots. Changes in RNA levels were determined with gene arrays and RT-PCR. Overall, MS identified 318 cytoskeleton associated proteins. Five of these proteins (PDLIM1, FGFR1OP, leiomodin-1, ZO-2 and LRP16A) were only detected in DEX-treated cells by MS. However, only PDLIM1 showed a statistically significant increase at the RNA level. Other proteins with differences at both the RNA and protein levels included β3 integrin, caveolin-1, Borg2, raftlin1, PI-3 kinase regulatory subunit α, transgelin, and filamin B. By immunofluorescence microscopy filamin B and PDLIM1 showed enhanced expression in human trabecular meshwork cells, but only PDLIM1 demonstrated significant localization within CLANs. Finally, MS showed that some of the cytoskeleton proteins (Borg2, leiomodin-1, LRP16A, raftlin1 and CKAP4) contained phosphorylated residues. This study suggests that DEX affects the expression of cytoskeleton proteins at the transcriptional and translational level and shows that a combined genomic and proteomic approach can be used for rapid analysis of proteins in the TM. It also shows that DEX altered the expression of components (PDLIM1 and β3 integrins) involved in CLAN formation and provides new findings into the effects of glucocorticoids on the cytoskeleton.
Interaction of 11C-Tariquidar and 11C-Elacridar with P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein at the Human Blood–Brain Barrier

The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are 2 major gatekeepers at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that restrict brain distribution of several clinically used drugs. In this study, we investigated the suitability of the radiolabeled Pgp/BCRP inhibitors 11C-tariquidar and 11C-elacridar to assess Pgp density in the human brain with PET. Methods: Healthy subjects underwent a first PET scan of 120-min duration with either 11C-tariquidar (n = 6) or 11C-elacridar (n = 5) followed by a second PET scan of 60-min duration with (R)-11C-verapamil. During scan 1 (at 60 min after radiotracer injection), unlabeled tariquidar (3 mg/kg) was intravenously administered. Data were analyzed using 1-tissue 2-rate-constant (1T2K) and 2-tissue 4-rate-constant (2T4K) compartment models and either metabolite-corrected or uncorrected arterial input functions. Results: After injection of 11C-tariquidar or 11C-elacridar, the brain PET signal corrected for radioactivity in the vasculature was low (∼0.1 standardized uptake value), with slow washout. In response to tariquidar injection, a moderate but statistically significant rise in brain PET signal was observed for 11C-tariquidar (+27% ± 15%, P = 0.014, paired t test) and 11C-elacridar (+21% ± 15%, P = 0.014) without changes in plasma activity concentrations. Low levels of radiolabeled metabolites (<25%) were detected in plasma up to 60 min after injection of 11C-tariquidar or 11C-elacridar. The 2T4K model provided better data fits than the 1T2K model. Model outcome parameters were similar when metabolite-corrected or uncorrected input functions were used. There was no significant correlation between distribution volumes of 11C-tariquidar or 11C-elacridar and distribution volumes of (R)-11C-verapamil in different brain regions. Conclusion: The in vivo behavior of 11C-tariquidar and 11C-elacridar was consistent with that of dual Pgp/BCRP substrates. Both tracers were unable to visualize cerebral Pgp density, most likely because of insufficiently high binding affinities in relation to the low density of Pgp in human brain (∼1.3 nM). Despite their inability to visualize Pgp density, 11C-tariquidar and 11C-elacridar may find use as a new class of radiotracers to study the interplay of Pgp and BCRP at the human BBB in limiting brain uptake of dual substrates.
Atom-Role-Based Access Control Model

Role-based access control (RBAC) model has been widely recognized as an efficient access control model and becomes a hot research topic of information security at present. However, in the large-scale enterprise application environments, the traditional RBAC model based on the role hierarchy has the following deficiencies: Firstly, it is unable to reflect the role relationships in complicated cases effectively, which does not accord with practical applications. Secondly, the senior role unconditionally inherits all permissions of the junior role, thus if a user is under the supervisor role, he may accumulate all permissions, and this easily causes the abuse of permission and violates the least privilege principle, which is one of the main security principles. To deal with these problems, we, after analyzing permission types and role relationships, proposed the concept of atom role and built an atom-role-based access control model, called ATRBAC, by dividing the permission set of each regular role based on inheritance path relationships. Through the application-specific analysis, this model can well meet the access control requirements. key words: access control, RBAC, atom role, ATRBAC
Association of the Köbner phenomenon with disease activity and therapeutic responsiveness in vitiligo vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the experimentally induced Kobner phenomenon (KP-e) and the Kobner phenomenon by history (KP-h), disease activity, and therapeutic responsiveness in vitiligo vulgaris. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING An outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Sixty-one consecutive patients with vitiligo vulgaris. INTERVENTION Three months after a standardized epidermodermal injury was induced, the KP-e was evaluated. For 1 year, UV-B (311 nm) therapy or topical fluticasone propionate plus UV-A therapy was given, depending on the severity of depigmentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence or absence of the KP-e and the KP-h disease activity as scored on a 6-point scale from -1 to +4 (vitiligo disease activity [VIDA] score) and therapy-induced repigmentation grade. RESULTS Nineteen (31%) of the patients had a positive KP-h, whereas 37 (61%) showed a positive KP-e (P<.001). The VIDA score did not always predict a positive KP-e, although patients with a positive KP-e had a higher mean VIDA score (VIDA score of 1.6) than did patients with a negative KP-e (VIDA score of 0.5) (P<.001). The responsiveness to UV-B (311 nm) therapy among KP-e-positive or KP-e-negative patients was not significantly different (P=.66). However, KP-e-positive patients who were treated with fluticasone propionate plus UV-A showed a better response than did KP-e-negative patients (P=.01). Among patients responding to both therapies, VIDA scores were significantly decreased (P<.001) compared with VIDA scores before therapy. CONCLUSION The KP-e may function well as a clinical factor to assess present disease activity and may also predict the responsiveness to fluticasone propionate plus UV-A therapy but not to UV-B (311 nm) therapy.
Comparison of plasma prolactin levels in cannulated and decapitated rats.

The “surges” of prolactin and LH secretion occurring on the afternoon and evening of proestrus were studied in rats exhibiting 4 day estrous cycles by radioimmunologic analysis of serum collected by decapitation of rats (10/ group) at 2 hr intervals from 1100 hr proestrus to 0300 hr estrus. The prolactin surge had a duration of about 8-10 hr, beginning at approximately 1500 hr and ending at about 2300 hr on proestrus. Baseline values were about 4 ng/ml and maximal values, occurring at 1700-1900 hr, were approximately 40 ng/ml. The pattern of LH values can be similarly described, except that a sharper peak was observed (approximately 60 ng/ml at 1900 hr) and lower basal values in the range of 0.5 ng/ ml were obtained. In rats bearing aortic catheters, implanted at 2000-2200 hr on diestrus-2, the proestrus prolactin surge was of greater duration and had higher maximal values than in the decapitated rats. In contrast, although the LH surge had an equal duration, it reached maximal values that were approximat.
X-Nuclei NMR Self-Diffusion Studies in Mesoporous Silica Foam and Microporous MOF CuBTC

A standard X-observe NMR probe was equipped with a z-gradient coil to enable high-sensitivity pulsed field gradient NMR diffusion studies of Li+ and Cs+ cations of aqueous salt solutions in a high-porosity mesocellular silica foam (MCF) and of CO2 adsorbed in metal-organic frameworks (MOF). The coil design and the necessary probe modifications, which yield pulsed field gradients of up to ±16.2Tm-1, are introduced. The system was calibrated at 2H resonance frequency and successfully applied for diffusion studies at 7Li, 23Na, 13C and 133Cs frequencies. Significant reductions of the diffusivities of the cations in LiClac and CsClac solution introduced into MCFs are observed. By comparison of the diffusion behavior with the bulk solutions, a tortuosity of the silica foam of 4.5±0.6 was derived. Single component self-diffusion of CO2 and CH4 (measured by 1H NMR) as well as self-diffusion of the individual components in CO2/CH4 mixtures was studied in the MOF CuBTC. The experimental results confirm high mobilities of the adsorbed gases and trends for diffusion separation factors predicted by MD simulations.
Graph Prediction in Movie Graphs

Graphs can be used in applied in both an unsupervised and supervised context that can augment classiﬁcation tasks. This paper focuses on a set of movie graphs that correspond to actor interactions in movies associated with various genres. I ﬁrst compare the graph statistics between two disparate genres and perform random walks and analyze the eigenvalue and eigenvectors of the adjacency matrices. I then build predictive models based on the graph statistics and classify movies into genres with varying degrees of accuracies. Additionally, I obtain ﬁngerprints associated with graphs by running the adjacency matrix through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in order to classify movie graphs into genres with greater accuracy than relying only on graph statistics.
Paracrine interactions between mesothelial and colon‐carcinoma cells in a rat model

This study used a co‐culture system with Transwell tissue‐culture inserts to investigate the role of primary cultures of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells on the proliferation of rat colon‐carcinoma cells (CC531 cells). Mesothelial cells significantly inhibited the growth of CC531 cells, while, conversely, CC531 cells stimulated the growth of mesothelial cells. Receptor‐binding studies demonstrated the presence of high‐affinity IGF‐I receptors on the mesothelial and CC531 cells. Both cell types also produced IGF‐I, as measured by radioimmunoassay. IGF‐I stimulated DNA synthesis in mesothelial cells, but had no effect on the growth of CC531 cells. In co‐culture, it was found that IGF‐I potentiated the inhibitory effect of mesothelial cells on CC531 cells. The effect of IGF‐I on mesothelial‐cell proliferation was additive to the stimulatory effect of CC531 cells. TGF‐β had no effect on the growth of the CC531 cells, suggesting that this growth (‐inhibitory) factor is not involved in the inhibitory effect of mesothelial cells on CC531 cell growth. The study provides evidence for the existence of a paracrine loop between mesothelial and colon‐carcinoma cells, giving more insight into the basic cellular mechanisms that may modulate the growth of intraperitoneal colon carcinoma. Inhibition of CC531‐cell proliferation by rat mesothelial cells might explain the earlier finding that tumour cells grow poorly in a surgically uncompromised abdomen. Int. J. Cancer 73:885–890, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
${L_{1/2}}$ Norm and Spatial Continuity Regularized Low-Rank Approximation for Moving Object Detection in Dynamic Background

Low-rank modeling-based moving object detection approaches proposed so far use fixed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{l}}_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm penalty to capture the sparse nature of foreground in video, and thus, hardly adapt readily to the statistical variability of underlying foreground pixels in dynamic background. Additionally, they ignore the spatial continuity prior among the neighbor foreground pixels. Consequently, they cannot offer a satisfactory performance in practical dynamic background. In this letter, we present a unified regularization framework, namely <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{l}}_{1/2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm and spatial continuity regularized low-rank approximation (SCLR-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{l}}_{1/2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), to solve this problem. First, in order to promote accuracy, we introduce an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{l}}_{1/2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> constraint into the framework. Second, to guarantee the continuity among the neighbor foreground pixels, we introduce a spatial continuity regularization term, motivated by total variation. Finally, we generalize our framework to the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{l}}_{\boldsymbol{q}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm penalized case (SCLR-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${{\boldsymbol{l}}_{\boldsymbol{q}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). By adjusting the shrinkage parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\boldsymbol{q}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the framework gets better flexibility to choose a reasonable sparse domain. To deal with the present constrained minimization problem, the augmented Lagrange multiplier method is employed and extended with the help of the alternating direction minimizing strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-art algorithms especially for the cases with dynamic backgrounds.
Coconut kernel-derived proteins enhance hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Impaired lipid levels and oxidative stress are indicative of malfunction of endogenous antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coconut kernel protein (CKP) on the lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced prior to feeding by injecting a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. CKP (8% w/w) was administered to these rats along with a semi-synthetic diet for 45 days. After the experimental period, peroxide products and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. Results show that CKP maintained the antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of peroxides to the normal levels in treated group compared to diabetic rats. This study clearly show that CKP has potential effect in lowering oxidative stress associated with diabetes. This beneficial effect of CKP may be due to the high amount of biologically potent arginine present in it.
FRET analysis indicates that the two ATPase active sites of the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter are closely associated.

Members of the ABC superfamily carry out the transport of various molecules and ions across cellular membranes, powered by ATP hydrolysis. Substantial evidence indicates that the two catalytic sites of the nucleotide binding domains function in a highly cooperative, alternating sites mode, which suggests the possibility that they interact with each other physically. In this study, fluorescence energy transfer experiments were used to estimate the distance between two fluors, each covalently linked to a highly conserved Cys residue (Cys428 and Cys1071) within the Walker A motif of the catalytic site. The vanadate.ADP. Mg(2+) complex was trapped in one catalytic site of membrane-bound or highly purified P-glycoprotein, and the other site was labeled with MIANS [2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid]. Following loss of the trapped vanadate complex, the newly vacant site was then labeled with NBD-Cl (7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole). The fluorescence properties of the singly labeled P-glycoproteins showed that no energy transfer occurred between MIANS (the donor) and NBD (the acceptor) when they were simply mixed together. On the other hand, the fluorescence emission of the MIANS group in doubly labeled P-glycoprotein was highly quenched as a result of energy transfer to NBD, leading to an estimate of a donor-acceptor separation distance of approximately 16 A for P-glycoprotein labeled in the native plasma membrane and approximately 22 A for P-glycoprotein labeled in detergent solution. The separation of the two fluorophores is compatible with the recently reported crystal structure of the Rad50cd dimer, but not with that of the HisP dimer. These results suggest that the two catalytic sites of the P-glycoprotein nucleotide binding domains are relatively close together, which would facilitate cooperation between them during the catalytic cycle.
Motheroffspring stable isotope discrimination in loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta

Knowledge of foraging strategies has significant implications for the conservation of endangered loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta. Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool in studying the ecology of marine consumers, as nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) may reflect an organism's patterns of diet and habitat use. However, obtaining samples for analy- sis from the study species can be difficult. For female loggerhead turtles, there is a limited time window in which to collect samples while the turtles are nesting. In the present study, we investi- gated motheroffspring stable isotope relationships and the potential for sampling hatchling log- gerheads to gain information about nesting female populations. Epidermis samples were collected from 29 nesting females and 47 of their hatchlings on Wassaw Island, Georgia, USA. The δ 15 N and δ 13 C values of maternal and offspring tissues were compared to determine the discrimination, or difference, in isotope values. Hatchlings that were sampled after being discovered dead in the nests had significantly different discrimination values from those that were freshly dead, suggest- ing that decomposition affects the reliability of isotope ratios. Therefore, we suggest using fresh hatchling samples. Hatchling δ 15 N and δ 13 C values were significantly correlated to the isotope val- ues of their mothers. Freshly dead hatchlings had significantly higher δ 15 N values and lower δ 13 C values relative to their mothers, and there was little variation among hatchlings within a nest. These discrimination factors can be applied in the future to determine maternal isotope composi- tion from hatchling tissues and evaluate trophic relationships and foraging strategies of nesting females without sampling them.
Physical Education Quality Evaluation Method Based on FCE

Due to the vital function of public physical lessons on the development of students and the teaching work in universities, it is necessary to perform scientific and objective evaluation on PE quality of. Based on evaluation theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) method, this article establishes a public PE teaching evaluation system through the establishment of evaluation index system, the determination of membership degree and the determination of FCE model. Then a teaching quality evaluation approach is designed and analyzed in detail based on fuzzy theories including the design of teaching quality evaluation model, teaching quality evaluation process and the database design of teaching quality evaluation system. At last the system implementation on public PE teaching evaluation is discussed according to the mathematical model of FCE.