Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type-Common CP-1 Antigen of Herpes Simplex Virus Is Associated with a 59,000-Molecular-Weight Envelope Glycoprotein

The CP-1 antigen of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a glycoprotein found in the soluble portion of infected cells, in detergent extracts of infected cell membranes, and in the envelope of purified virus. Antisera were prepared against a further purified form of CP-1 prepared from HSV soluble antigen mix; a glycoprotein, gp52, isolated from detergent-treated infected cells; and detergent extracts of purified virus. Each of the antisera reacted with CP-1 to give a single immunoprecipitin band of identity, and each antiserum neutralized the infectivity of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Our results suggested that the type-common determinants involved in the stimulation of neutralizing antibody resided on a 52,000-molecular-weight (52K) glycoprotein. The envelope of HSV contains several glycoproteins: one component at 59K and a complex of two or three components at 130K, none of which corresponds in molecular weight to gp52. Using the antisera as immunological probes, we performed pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine-labeled HSV-1-infected cells and followed the disposition of the glycoproteins during the infectious cycle. Each antiserum immunoprecipitated a 35S-labeled 52K protein from lysates of cells pulse-labeled at 5 h after infection. By 10 h, the label was chased into a 59K protein also precipitable by each of the three antisera. The results suggest that gp52 is a precursor of gp59 and that the latter corresponds in molecular weight to one of the major glycoproteins of the virion envelope.
Use of insulin aspart, a fast-acting insulin analog, as the mealtime insulin in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To compare long-term glycemic control and safety of using insulin aspart (IAsp) with that of regular human insulin (HI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter randomized open-label 6-month study (882 subjects) with a 6-month extension period (714 subjects) that enrolled subjects with type 1 diabetes. Subjects administered IAsp immediately before meals or regular HI 30 min before meals; basal NPH insulin was taken as a single bedtime dose in the majority of subjects. Glycemic control was assessed with HbA1c values and 8-point blood glucose profiles at 3-month intervals. RESULTS Mean postprandial blood glucose levels (mg/dl +/- SEM) were significantly lower for subjects in the IAsp group compared with subjects in the HI group after breakfast (156 +/- 3.4 vs. 185 +/- 4.7), lunch (137 +/- 3.1 vs. 162 +/- 4.1), and dinner (153 +/- 3.1 vs. 168 +/- 4.1), when assessed after 6 months of treatment. Mean HbA1c values (% +/- SEM) were slightly, but significantly, lower for the IAsp group (7.78% +/- 0.03) than for the regular HI group (7.93% +/- 0.05, P = 0.005) at 6 months. Similar postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c values were observed at 12 months. Adverse events and overall hypoglycemic episodes were similar for both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial glycemic control was significantly better with IAsp compared with HI after 6 and 12 months of treatment. The improvement was not obtained at an increased risk of hypoglycemia. HbA1c was slightly, but significantly, lower for IAsp compared with HI at 6 and 12 months.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODULATION OF KARLOTOXIN LEVELS IN STRAINS OF THE COSMOPOLITAN DINOFLAGELLATE, KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM (DINOPHYCEAE) 1

We examined the influence of N or P depletion, alternate N‐ or P‐sources, salinity, and temperature on karlotoxin (KmTx) production in strains of Karlodinium veneficum (D. Ballant.) J. Larsen, an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate that shows a high degree of variability of toxicity in situ. The six strains examined represented KmTx 1 (CCMP 1974, MD 2) and KmTx 2 (CCMP 2064, CCMP 2283, MBM1) producers, and one strain that did not produce detectable karlotoxin under nutrient‐replete growth conditions (MD 5). We hypothesized that growth‐limiting conditions would result in higher cell quotas of karlotoxin. KmTx was present in toxic strains during all growth phases and increased in stationary and senescent phase cultures under low N or P, generally 2‐ to 5‐fold but with some observations in the 10‐ to 15‐fold range. No karlotoxin was observed under low‐N or low‐P conditions in the nontoxic strain MD 5. Nutrient‐quality (NO3, NH4, urea, and glycerophosphate) did not affect growth rate, but growth on NH4 produced 2‐ to 3‐fold higher cellular toxicity and a 50% higher ratio of KmTx 1‐1:KmTx 1‐3 in CCMP 1974. CCMP 1974 showed higher cellular toxicity at low salinity (≤5 ppt) and high temperature (25°C). Our results suggested that given the presence of a toxic strain of K. veneficum in situ, the existence of environmental conditions that favor cellular accumulation of karlotoxin is likely a significant factor underlying K. veneficum–related fish kills that require both high cell densities (104 · mL−1) and high cellular toxin quotas relative to those generally observed in nutrient‐replete cultures.
Standards-Based Delivery of Multi-contextual Services: On the Identity Tension

There has been little theorizing so far about the creation of new standards-based information services in public organizations. In this paper, we explore through a longitudinal case study at the Swedish Road Administration (SRA) how two standards - Alert-C and Location Code - were adapted as to deliver a traffic information service called RDS-TMC. Our in situ analysis reveals that the inherited norms, roles, and rules of the public organization hampered service delivery, which eventually created a tension between the old identity and the new identity of SRA - a tension we refer to as identity tension. Undergoing identity change, SRA had to deliberately configure infrastructural capabilities to better align its operational logics to the new service requirements. The findings suggest that digital multi-contextual services pose intriguing challenges for organizational identity among participating organizations.
Indonesia’s Economic Crisis: Can Agriculture be the Engifor Recovery?

A common feature of long-term economic growth and structural change as capital accumulates is the relative decline of the agriculture sector. The Asian crisis of 1997-99, which involved capital flight and currency devaluation, had the opposite effect, namely that of increasing the relative importance of agriculture. Given that, to what extent could agriculture be an engine for recovery in the case of Indonesia? This paper suggests the answer depends to a considerable extent on the policy responses of the government (which in turn depends in part on the degree of political stability and restoration of investor confidence leading up to and following the 1999 elections). To illustrate the point, the paper uses the global, economy-wide GTAP model to project the Indonesian (and global) economy to 2005 without and then with the Asian crisis, and then shows how it would be affected by different policy responses. The decline in the GDP share of agriculture and processed food is shown to slow considerably over the projections period because of Indonesia's growth interruption in 1997-99. True, the Uruguay Round's implementation globally adds to that share decline, but from a higher base because of the crisis. The estimated benefits to Indonesia from embracing further unilateral reform, as a way of catching up, are contrasted with the growth-reducing strategy of reneging on Uruguay Round commitments to liberalize trade. Of the two growth-enhancing reforms considered, across-the-board unilateral trade reform hastens agriculture's relative decline whereas agriculture-specific policy reform would cause the farm sector to increase its contribution to GDP and employment. Keywords: Asian crisis, farm and trade policy reform, Indonesia, structural change JEL codes: D58, F13, F17, Q17
Teacher Evaluation in Indiana: Principals’ Use and Perception of Field-Based Practices

Teacher evaluation is an important component of the education reform agenda. This study gathered and examined information regarding teacher evaluation practice in Indiana, which was needed before wide-scale implementation of new models mandated by recent legislation. Information was received from 477 principals regarding their current use and perceptions of effectiveness of summative, formative, and emergent evaluation methods. Elementary and secondary principals reported high use and effectiveness of many summative and several formative methods but reported low use of most emergent practices and disagreed that these methods were effective. Recommendations are provided to facilitate field-based support when implementing new models.
Patterns of detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool specimens: implications for diagnosis and clinical trials

Reported efficacies of drugs used to treat Strongyloides stercoralis infection vary widely. Because diagnostic methods are insensitive, therapeutic trials generally require multiple negative posttreatment stool specimens as evidence of drug efficacy. However, only a single positive stool specimen is usually required for study enrollment. To determine the reproducibility of detection of S. stercoralis larvae in the stool, 108 asymptomatic infected men submitted 25 g of fresh stool once a week for eight consecutive weeks for examination by the Baermann technique. During the 8-week study, 239 (27.7%) of 864 stool specimens were positive for S. stercoralis. Rates of detection of larvae in the stool specimens ranged from eight of eight specimens in 3 (2.8%) men to none of eight specimens in 36 (33.3%) men. Of 43 men for whom S. stercoralis was detected in at least two of the first four stool specimens, only 1 (2.3%) man tested negative on all of the next four specimens. In comparison, of 29 men who had detectable larvae in only one of the first four specimens, 22 (75.9%) tested negative on all of the next four samples. Thus, if these 29 men had been enrolled in a therapeutic trial between the first and second sets of four specimens, the efficacy of a drug with no activity against this parasite would have been estimated to be 76%. These data suggest that patterns of S. stercoralis detection vary widely among infected persons and that intermittent larval shedding can lead to inflated estimates of drug efficacy. Before a patient is entered in a clinical trial of drug efficacy, four consecutive stool specimens should be examined for S. stercoralis; only persons with two or more positive specimens should be enrolled.
Towards Accelerating Generic Machine Learning Prediction Pipelines

Machine Learning models are often composed by sequences of transformations. While this design makes easy to decompose and accelerate single model components at training time, predictions requires low latency and high performance predictability whereby end-to-end runtime optimizations and acceleration is needed to meet such goals. This paper shed some light on the problem by using a production-like model, and showing how by redesigning model pipelines for efficient execution over CPUs and FPGAs performance improvements of several folds can be achieved.
Nefopam and Tramadol for the Prevention of Shivering During Neuraxial Anesthesia

Background and Objectives In patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia, heat loss and core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat causes the core temperature to decrease. The shivering threshold is therefore reached soon, and more shivering is required to prevent further hypothermia. Because shivering has deleterious metabolic and cardiovascular effects, it should ideally be prevented by pharmacologic or other means. We evaluated the usefulness of intravenous (IV) nefopam and tramadol in preventing and reducing the severity of shivering in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia for orthopedic surgery. Methods Ninety patients, scheduled for neuraxial anesthesia (epidural or subarachnoid) for lower limb orthopedic surgery, were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Immediately before neuraxial anesthesia, 30 patients received 0.15 mg/kg−1 IV nefopam in 10 mL saline, 30 patients received 0.5 mg/kg−1 IV tramadol in 10 mL saline, and a control group of 30 patients received 10 mL IV saline. Neuraxial anesthesia was induced at the L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspaces with 1 mg/kg−1 mepivacaine for epidural anesthesia and 0.2 mg/kg−1 for subarachnoid anesthesia. An investigator blinded to the antishivering drug injected recorded the frequency and degree of shivering. Results The overall frequency and the intensity of shivering was significantly lower in patients treated with nefopam than in those treated with tramadol or placebo (P < .05 and P < .01) and in patients treated with tramadol than in those treated with placebo (P < .05). Conclusions As a pharmacologic means of preventing shivering in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia, nefopam may hold the greatest promise.
A Relational Leadership Perspective on Unit-Level Safety Climate

Objective: This study compared nursing staff perceptions of safety climate in clinical units characterized by high and low ratings of leader-member exchange (LMX) and explored characteristics that might account for differences. Background: Frontline nursing leaders' actions are critical to ensure patient safety. Specific leadership behaviors to achieve this goal are underexamined. The LMX perspective has shown promise in nonhealthcare settings as a means to explain safety climate perceptions. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of staff (n = 711) and unit directors from 34 inpatient units in an academic medical center was conducted. Results: Significant differences were found between high and low LMX scoring units on supervisor safety expectations, organizational learning-continuous improvement, total communication, feedback and communication about errors, and nonpunitive response to errors. Conclusion: The LMX perspective can be used to identify differences in perceptions of safety climate among nursing staff. Future studies are needed to identify strategies to improve staff safety attitudes and behaviors.
Regional Development and Banking Activities

This article is a continuation of studies devoted to the interaction of the region and its banking system. The research object in this article is the banking system of the Rostov region, the Southern Federal District, and its impact on the acceleration of socioeconomic development of both the regions.The subject of the study is interaction of banks with the real sector of the economy and the population of the region. The authors analyzed the scientific sources exploring the interaction of the banking and real sectors of the economy and methodological approaches to the analysis of banking activitiesâ€™s effects on the region and its socio-economic indicators.Based on econometric modeling, quantitative and qualitative regularities of the indicators are revealed. As a result, authors concluded that the growth in the total volume of profits received by existing credit institutions contributes to the growth of such important socio-economic indicators like Gross Regional Product, internal costs of research and development, labor productivity, fixed asset investments, per capita income, growth of deposits attracted by credit institutions, as well as the growth in the amount of debt on loans extended by credit institutions to legal entities and individuals.
Top Managers’ Political Conservatism and External Governance Choices

We develop a theory of corporate governance conservatism that reflects the preference of politically conservative chief executive officers (CEOs) for stability and continuity in corporate governance provisions without managerial entrenchment. Our theory suggests that conservative CEOs tend to prefer corporate governance provisions against hostile takeover and drastic board turnover, but their emphasis on hard work and self-discipline are likely to lead them to run their firms more efficiently with less debt. Using a sample of 2,339 U.S. corporations in the 1996-2006 period, we find strong empirical support for this new theory. Firms with Republican CEOs, who are known to be politically conservative, are more likely to stagger the terms and elections of directors, limit shareholders’ ability to amend corporate bylaws and require supermajority for approval of mergers, but those CEOs are not associated with a significant impairment in shareholders’ value. Rather, we find firms run by Republican CEOs tend to have higher return on assets and lower leverage, consistent with the results documented by Hutton, Jiang, and Kumar (2014). Overall, our theory and empirical results highlight an important spillover effect of top managers’ * The SEC, as a matter of policy, disclaims responsibility for any private publication or statement by any of its employees. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or of the author’s colleagues on the staff of the Commission. All remaining errors are ours. ** Department of Finance, Insurance & Real Estate, Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S.A. Tel: (352) 273-4966. Fax: (352) 392-0301. Email: jongsub.lee@warrington.ufl. edu *** Division of Economic and Risk Analysis, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Washington, DC 20549, U.S.A. Email: leekw@sec.gov. 66 Seoul Journal of Business political conservatism on corporate governance choices. We further discuss other dimensions of corporate governance that could also reflect top managers’ political conservatism.
CEO transformational leadership and top management team performance: study from GCC

Purpose Various research studies have been carried out to study Chief Executive Officers’ (CEOs’) transformational leadership in driving organizational performance and success. Evidence shows that few studies were carried out on CEO transformational leadership and top management team (TMT) performance in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Thus, this study aims to provide a unique contribution and the first of its kind to examine the CEO leadership–TMT performance link across GCC countries. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the researchers approached 500 employees and 30 CEOs working in 30 different organizations operating in the GCC countries. The firms were selected conveniently from different industries located in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain. The researchers used the PASW (SPSS) program to analyze the data. Findings The findings show that psychological empowerment has no significant role in moderating the transformational leadership – TMT performance relationship. Internal support for innovation plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between transformational leadership and TMT performance. Research limitations/implications The present study has not examined the behavioral aspects of CEO followers. Future research may study behavioral characteristics of the entire TMT. Originality/value This study contributes to body of research that identifies CEO transactional leadership as perceived by the followers was found to be more important in predicting TMT performance than transformational leadership in the context of organizations located in GCC countries. Managerial implications and future research areas are further discussed.
Block Matching Algorithms for motion estimation

The Block Matching is a temporal compression technique used in the video encoding. The main purpose of this method is to determine the displacements of each block of pixels between two successive frames. This technique, performed in the step of motion estimation, occupies the majority of the total time of video coding. The aim of this work is to give a comparative study various search algorithms by Block Matching. This study does not focus only on the complexity and computation time of each algorithm, but it also gives objective and subjective quality assessment of decoded video frame by means of each search algorithm.
Visualizing activity traces to support collaborative literature searching

Following recent advances in visual interfaces for search, we investigate how to visualize activity traces to support collaborative information-seeking. We implemented a prototype system that visualizes traces of three types of activities (queries typed, articles bookmarked, and interested keywords) on top of a recent visual search system. The current interface of the system provides an interactive keyword visualization to support exploratory search. We designed two icons to visualize user interactions with the keywords and articles. We also implemented a time line to explicitly display the issued queries and additional details about the interactions. We conducted a longitudinal user study to evaluate the usability of these visualizations. We found that the visualization of traces of issued queries and bookmarked articles help the users to better monitor the progress of the collaborators, increase collaboration, and reassure their findings. Traces of interested keywords support sub-topic identification. Furthermore, activity traces of collaborators help the users to learn about the system features. The findings and the novel collaborative system provide valuable insights and tools into future research on designing interfaces for collaborative information-seeking.
Methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews on tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND Systematic reviews are used to inform tuberculosis (TB) guidelines. However, there are no data on whether TB systematic reviews are conducted well and reported transparently. METHODS We searched four databases for reviews published between 2005 and 2010. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR and quality of reporting was assessed using PRISMA. RESULTS Of 152 articles, 137 (90%) met the inclusion criteria. Only 3 of 11 AMSTAR quality items were met in most reviews: appropriate methods to combine findings (67%), comprehensive literature search (72%) and presentation of characteristics of included studies (90%). The other eight items were met in 4-53% of the reviews. Only 4% of the reviews disclosed conflicts of interest. The majority of the PRISMA items were reported in more than 60-76% of the reviews. Only nine items were reported in less than 55% of the reviews, the lowest being the full-search strategy (30%), risk of bias across studies in the Methods (27%) and Results (21%) sections, and indication of a review protocol (15%). CONCLUSIONS Systematic reviews in our survey were well reported but generally of moderate to low quality. Better training, use of reporting guidelines and registration of systematic reviews could improve the quality of TB reviews.
A Computer Model for Intracellular pH Regulation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

A single‐cell model for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been extended to study the regulation of intracellular pH. This model provides for the first time a direct mechanistic linkage between intracellular pH control and cellular metabolism. Among the known mechanisms that regulate and disturb pHi, the Na/H antiport, effect of lactate and ammonia, proton leakage, and external pH have been included in the model. The ability of the model to predict both steady‐state and transient pHi has been tested against experimental studies. The “regular model” that has been used to predict cell growth in suspension and batch cultures can predict the steady‐state pHi and the transient response of pHi to an alkaline load well, but it had to be modified in terms of the maximum activity of the Na/H antiport in order to simulate the transient response of pHi to an acid load. The modification indicates the possibility that a cell could activate the Na/H antiport under acute acid load but return to its basal level of Na/H antiport activity under steady‐state conditions, even when the cell interior is under low‐pH conditions (6.7–7.0).