Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor suppressor p27Kip1 undergoes endolysosomal degradation through its interaction with sorting nexin 6

A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that proteasomal degradation of the growth suppressor p27Kip1 (p27) facilitates mammalian cell cycle progression. However, very few studies have addressed the possibility of proteasome‐independent mechanisms of p27 proteolysis. Here we provide evidence for a novel pathway of p27 degradation via the lysosome that is mediated by its interaction with the endosomal protein sorting nexin 6 (SNX6), a member of the sorting nexin family of vesicular trafficking regulators. p27 and SNX6 interact in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells, partially colocalize in endosomes, and are present in purified endosomal fractions. Gain‐and loss‐of‐function studies revealed that SNX6 induces endosomal accumulation of p27. Moreover, p27 is detected in lysosomes and inhibition of lysosome‐dependent proteolysis impairs serum‐mediated down‐regulation of p27 in a SNX6‐dependent manner. To validate the localization of p27 in these organelles, we analyzed several cell lines using two different anti‐p27 antibodies, several organelle‐specific markers [e.g., early endosome antigen 1, lysosomal‐associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1, LAMP2, and LysoTracker], and overexpression of fluorescent p27 and SNX6. Remarkably, silencing of SNX6 attenuates p27 down‐regulation in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle and delays cell cycle progression. We therefore conclude that, in addition to the proteasome‐dependent pathway, SNX6‐mediated endolysosomal degradation of p27 also contributes to cell cycle progression in mammalian cells. —Fuster, J. J., González, J. M. , Edo, M. D. , Viana, R. , Boya, P., Cervera, J., Verges, M. , Rivera, J., Andrés, V. Tumor suppressor p27Kip1 undergoes endolysosomal degradation through its interaction with sorting nexin 6. FASEB J. 24, 2998–3009 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Self-learning path-tracking control of autonomous vehicles using kernel-based approximate dynamic programming

With the fast development of robotics and intelligent vehicles, there has been much research work on modeling and motion control of autonomous vehicles. However, due to model complexity, and unknown disturbances from dynamic environment, the motion control of autonomous vehicles is still a difficult problem. In this paper, a novel self-learning path-tracking control method is proposed for a car-like robotic vehicle, where kernel-based approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is used to optimize the controller performance with little prior knowledge on vehicle dynamics. The kernel-based ADP method is a recently developed reinforcement learning algorithm called kernel least-squares policy iteration (KLSPI), which uses kernel methods with automatic feature selection in policy evaluation to get better generalization performance and learning efficiency. By using KLSPI, the lateral control performance of the robotic vehicle can be optimized in a self-learning and data-driven style. Compared with previous learning control methods, the proposed method has advantages in learning efficiency and automatic feature selection. Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain an optimized path-tracking control policy only in a few iterations, which will be very practical for real applications.
Increased risk of sudden and non-sudden cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication in patients with acute myocardial infarction and is associated with an increase in the risk of death. The excess mortality associated with AF complicating acute myocardial infarction has not been studied in detail. Observations indicate that AF facilitates induction of ventricular arrhythmias, which may increase the risk of sudden cardiovascular death (SCD). A close examination of the mode of death could potentially provide useful knowledge to guide further investigations and treatments. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the relation between AF/atrial flutter (AFL) and modes of death in 5983 consecutive patients discharged alive after an acute myocardial infarction screened in the TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation registry. This cohort of patients with an enzyme-verified acute myocardial infarction was admitted to 27 centres in 1990-92. Survival status was obtained 2 years after screening of the last patient. An independent endpoint committee assessed the modes of death. Left ventricular ejection fraction was determined in all the screened patients and information about presence or absence of AF/AFL was prospectively collected. Sustained or paroxysmal AF/AFL was observed in 1149 patients (19%) during hospitalization. During follow-up, 1659 patients (34%) died: 482 (50%) patients with AF/AFL and 1177 (30%) patients without AF/AFL, P<0.001. SCD occurred in 536, non-SCD occurred in 725, and 398 died of non-cardiovascular causes (includes 142 unclassifiable cases). The adjusted risk ratio of AF/AFL for total mortality was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.19-1.49; P<0.0001) and the risk ratio for SCD was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.07-1.60; P<0.009). The adjusted risk ratio of AF/AFL for non-SCD was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.21-1.70; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION The excess mortality observed in patients with AF/AFL following acute myocardial infarction is due to a significant increase in both SCD and non-SCD.
Crime and nature

List of Exhibits Preface Acknowledgments How to Use This Book Introduction Crime and Life Crime Defined Crime's Stages Crime Within a System Crime's Ecosystem Crime and Supervision Crime Settings Crime Habitats Crime Niches Crime Competition Crime Adaptation Crime's Relationships Crime Symbiosis Crime Mutualism Crime Parasitism Passive Assistance Attack and Defense Foraging Fundamentals Foraging and Familiarity Strategic Foraging Crime's First Defenses The Last Line of Defense The Street Gang Strategy Synthesis Classifying Crime The Struggle for Existence Epilogue Crime Ecology Glossary Appendix A: Main Points From Crime and Everyday Life Appendix B: Exhibits Index About the Author
Repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is based on bone apposition at the base of the erosion

Objectives To investigate whether bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show evidence of repair. Methods 127 erosions were identified in metacarpophalangeal joints 2–4 of the right hands of 30 RA patients treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and 21 sex, age and disease activity-matched patients treated with methotrexate. All erosions were assessed for their exact maximal width and depth by high-resolution µCT imaging at baseline and after 1 year. Results All erosions detected at baseline could be visualised at follow-up after 1 year. At baseline, the mean width of bone erosions in the TNFi group was 2.0 mm; their mean depth was 2.3 mm, which was not significantly different from the methotrexate-treated group (width 2.4 mm; depth 2.4 mm). Mean depth of erosions significantly decreased after 1 year of treatment with TNFi (−0.1 mm; p=0.016), whereas their width remained unchanged. In contrast, mean depth and width of erosive lesions increased in the methotrexate-treated group. The reduction in the depth of lesions was confined to erosions showing evidence of sclerosis at the base of the lesion. Moreover, deeper lesions in the TNFi group were particularly prone to repair (−0.4 mm; p=0.02) compared with more shallow lesions. Conclusions Bone erosions in RA patients treated with TNFi show evidence of limited repair in contrast to bone erosions in patients treated with methotrexate. Repair is associated with a decrease in the depth of lesions and sclerosis at the bases of the lesions. Repair thus emerges from the endosteal rather than periosteal bone compartment and probably involves the bone marrow.
Sleep, Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in Older Adults and Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

About half of the older adult population reports sleep problems not related to sleeprelated diseases. A large proportion of this population also experience changes in cognition. The purposes of this literature review were to explore what relationships, if any, exist between sleep parameters and the global and domains of cognition, and to determine whether the relationships would persist after controlling for sleep-disordered breathing, depression/ depressive symptoms, and chronic illness. Systematic, computer-aided searches were conducted using multiple sleep and cognitive-related search terms in PUBMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. The articles had to include participants who were 60 years and older and living independently in the community. Twenty-four articles were included in the review. The findings were inconsistent across studies in terms of relationships between sleep parameters and cognition. In several of the studies, the relationship appeared to be influenced by depressive symptoms or medical conditions. In older adults without sleep-related disorders, the relationship appears to be mixed between many of the sleep parameters and global cognition. Similarly, a clear pattern does not emerge when evaluating the relationship between the specific sleep parameters and the domains of cognition. As a result, more studies are needed that delve further into examining and clarifying whether a relationship exists among these variables.
Physicians’ Discussions About Body Weight, Healthy Diet, and Physical Activity With Overweight or Obese Elderly Patients

Objective: To investigate the correlates of physician–patient discussions about body weight, healthy diet, and physical activity. Method: Subjects were 635 adults (≥65 years; mean 72.8 years) who had an increased body mass index (BMI≥25kg/m2) and participated in a self-administered community survey. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: While approximately half of study participants reported having discussed healthy diets (51%) and physical activity (52%) with their physician, only 42% of those who were overweight or obese reported being recognized as such by their physician. Being moderately or severely obese, more chronic conditions, and more frequent physician visits increased the likelihood of being recognized as overweight or obese and reporting lifestyle discussions. Discussion: The health care provider is important in recognizing older patient’s weight problems and discussing practical lifestyle changes. Tools for more proactive screening and implementation of follow-up behavioral counseling can help the health care providers better address obesity prevention in clinical practice.
Unit Segmentation of Argumentative Texts

The segmentation of an argumentative text into argument units and their non-argumentative counterparts is the first step in identifying the argumentative structure of the text. Despite its importance for argument mining, unit segmentation has been approached only sporadically so far. This paper studies the major parameters of unit segmentation systematically. We explore the effectiveness of various features, when capturing words separately, along with their neighbors, or even along with the entire text. Each such context is reflected by one machine learning model that we evaluate within and across three domains of texts. Among the models, our new deep learning approach capturing the entire text turns out best within all domains, with an F-score of up to 88.54. While structural features generalize best across domains, the domain transfer remains hard, which points to major challenges of unit segmentation.
Self-Timed Physically Unclonable Functions

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) exploit the physical characteristics of silicon and provide an alternative to storing digital encryption keys in non-volatile memory. In this seminal work, I propose for the first time the use of self-timed logic to implement PUFs. I describe two methods of using self-timed logic to implement novel PUF designs: SMARTPUF-I and SMARTPUF-II. The PUF designs I present address the challenges facing PUFs which prevent widespread adoption: robustness, entropy, light-weight architectures and configurability. And seek to enable next generation security-on-chip via "smart on-chip" structures.
Trade offs in the design of a router with both guaranteed and best-effort services for networks on chip

Managing the complexity of designing chips containing billions of transistors requires decoupling computation from communication. For the communication, scalable and compositional interconnects, such as networks on chip (NoC) must be used. In this paper, we show that guaranteed services are essential in achieving this decoupling. Guarantees typically come at the cost of lower resource utilization. To avoid this, they must be used in combination with best-effort services. The key element of our NoC is a router consisting conceptually of two parts: the so-called guaranteed throughput (GT) and best-effort (BE) routers. We combine the GT and BE router architectures in an efficient implementation by sharing resources. We show the trade offs between hardware complexity and efficiency of the combined router, and the motivation of our choices. Our reasoning for the trade offs is validated with a prototype router implementation. We show a lay-out of an input-queued wormhole 5/spl times/5 router with an aggregate bandwidth of 80 Gbit/s. It occupies 0.26 mm/sup 2/ in CMOS12. This shows that our router provides high performance at reasonable cost, bringing NoCs one step closer.
Condoned or Condemned

Two studies tested the idea that the situations that people encounter frequently and the situations that they associate most strongly with an emotion differ across cultures in ways that can be understood from what a culture condones or condemns. In a questionnaire study, N = 163 students from the United States and Japan perceived situations as more frequent to the extent that they elicited condoned emotions (anger in the United States, shame in Japan), and they perceived situations as less frequent to the extent that they elicited condemned emotions (shame in the United States, anger in Japan). In a second study, N = 160 students from the United States and Japan free-sorted the same situations. For each emotion, the situations could be organized along two cross-culturally common dimensions. Those situations that touched upon central cultural concerns were perceived to elicit stronger emotions. The largest cultural differences were found for shame; smaller, yet meaningful, differences were found for anger.
Changes in systemic levels of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins are altered in patients with adult onset rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Plasma-levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding-protein 2 (IGFBP-2), and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay in 53 patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 51 control subjects. RESULTS In RA patients plasma levels of IGF-II were lower (601 +/- 34 vs. 731 +/- 32 micrograms/L (mean +/- SEM); p = 0.005; Mann-Whitney rank sum test) than in age- and sex-matched controls (n = 30 per group). In contrast, plasma levels of IGFBP-2 (412 +/- 40 vs. 254 +/- 20 micrograms/L; p = 0.003) and IGFBP-3 were elevated in RA patients (3.34 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.87 +/- 0.21 mg/L; p = 0.019) as compared with the matched controls. The molar ratio of IGF-I to IGFBP-3 was significantly reduced in subjects with RA (0.18 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.02; p = 0.008). Furthermore, in RA patients plasma levels of IGFBP-2 were positively (r = 0.45), and levels of IGF-2 negatively (r = -0.45) correlated with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.01 in both cases; Spearman rank correlation). CONCLUSION Increased levels of IGFBPs in RA may result in the reduced availability of free IGFs that can bind to IGF receptors. The observed changes in the IGF system may thus participate in the catabolic processes in rheumatoid arthritis.
Autobiography, Politics and Sexuality: Essays in Curriculum Theory, 1972-1992

Like a particularly heartfelt letter to the reader, William Pinar's Autobiography, Politics and Sexuality: Essays in Curriculum Theory 1972-1992 asserts the viability of autobiography as a tool of study in the area of curriculum and instruction. As an alternative to the sterile bureaucratic style of curriculum studies that dominated the field at one time, William Pinar has reconceptualized curriculum studies in a more organic, flexible and exciting way which honors the immediacy and complexity of students, teachers and their relationships by taking into account their lives as they live them. Autobiography, Politics and Sexuality: Essays in Curriculum Theory 1972-1992 is a classic in the field of education studies.
A Concept for ICT Assisted Health Promotion in the Occupational Healthcare

Lifestyle related health risks, such as overweight, work stress, and physical inactivity, have become pervasive in most modern societies. These risk factors have a debilitating impact on the well being of citizens and play a major role in the onset of many chronic diseases. As a result, working life is affected due to impaired work ability, decreased productivity, absenteeism, and disability pensions. Lifestyle changes are the key to managing these problems, but they are often difficult to accomplish and maintain. We present a concept for ICT (Information and Communication Technology) assisted health promotion in the occupational healthcare. ICT tools are provided for employees participating in a face-to-face intervention, which is designed to address several health risks. We believe that through ICT, we can provide the employees with more personalized health management support more efficiently than before. The ICT system will be implemented by integrating different technologies into an interoperable system.
A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED IN RAT LIVER CELLS BY THE AZO DYE 2-ME-DAB

The cytological changes induced in rat liver cells by the aminoazo dye 2-Me-DAB have been examined by light and electron microscopy. It is observed that this non-carcinogenic compound duplicates most of the morphological alterations produced by other hepatotoxins, some of which, such as the closely related aminoazo dye 3'-Me-DAB, are potent carcinogens. These non-specific effects involve both the granular and agranular forms of the endoplasmic reticulum as well as the glycogen content of hepatic cells. The arrays of cisternal profiles of the granular reticulum in normal hepatic cells become disorganized and the dispersed cisternae often appear fragmented and irregular. Large cytoplasmic inclusions, consisting of loosely organized tubules and vesicles, are also observed which result from a hypertrophy of the agranular reticulum. The glycogen in the cells progressively decreases in amount. The most specific effect of 2-Me-DAB is to induce an increase in the number of mitochondria per cell. Many of these organelles are characterized by the presence of a median double membrane continuous with the inner limiting membrane of the mitochondrial envelope. Evidence is presented in favor of the view that this partition is directly related to the phenomenon of mitochondrial division. It was noted also in the course of the experiment that an increasing number of cells appear which stain quite intensely with methylene blue and appear denser than normal under electron microscopy. The significance of these cells is not known.
Human question answering performance using an interactive document retrieval system

Every day, people answer their questions by using document retrieval systems. Compared to document retrieval systems, question answering (QA) systems aim to speed the rate at which users find answers by retrieving answers rather than documents. To better understand how document retrieval systems compare to QA systems, we measured the performance of humans using an interactive document retrieval system to answer questions. We first measured the ability of users to answer their questions using an interactive document retrieval system, and then compared the users' performance with the document retrieval system to question answering systems. We found that while users can successfully answer their questions using a document retrieval system, question answering systems have the potential to significantly increase the rate at which users find answers.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Unseparation Aix-symmetry and 2D Shape

The shape with negative pressure gradient (NPG) is the necessary condition that can ensure vehicle moving in water not to separate. Separation and cavitation characters of shape U-1 with NPG were simulated, and the results were compared with the Nesteruk's experimentation data. According to the potential theory, two different aerofoils with NPG were designed. Considering different angle of attack and different Reynolds number, separation characters were numerical calculated for two different shapes with NPG. The pressure distribution of the potential theory and wind tunnel test results are confirmed, however, the cavitation phenomenon is observed and a super cavity is formed for U-1. Boundary layer separation phenomenon is observed for the aerofoil with bigger positive pressure gradient (PPG) in all numerical condition and the one with less PPG with better separate characters.
Morphology and anatomy of palm seedlings

A historical survey of studies of seedling morphology and anatomy in the palm family is given. The traditional three germination types—adjacent ligular, remote ligular, and remote tubular—that have been commonly recognized are reevaluated. The study includes seedlings of 63 species, representing the six subfamilies of palms. Morphological characteristics of germination patterns and the anatomy of the eophyll are described. The results of this survey show that germination types determined by the length of the hyperphyll (cotyledonary petiole) are not completely valid. Instead, a combination of characters such as primary root orientation, coleoptile length, number of cataphylls, and eophyll plication correspond to the most recent classification of the family, and represent a better way of describing germination.
Bristlecone Pine: Science and Esthetics

A 7100-year tree-ring chronology has been developed for bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata Engelm. , in the White Mountains of east-central California by the addition of data from long-dead specimens to the 4600-year record from living trees. These dendrochronological studies have major applications to climatic interpretations, radiocarbon analysis, and the dating of past events. The great age of these trees and the esthetic appeal of both the trees and their environment are drawing increasing numbers of visitors to the bristlecone pine areas. Concern is expressed for the preservation of this ancient wood.
Analysis of the connection redundancy in functional networks from high-resolution EEG: A preliminary study

In the present study, we propose a theoretical graph procedure to investigate the communication redundancy in brain networks. By taking into account all the possible paths between pairs of cortical regions, this method captures the network redundancy i.e. a critical resource of the brain enhancing the resilience to neural damages and dysfunctions. As an example for its potential, we apply this procedure to the cortical networks estimated from high-resolution EEG signals in a group of spinal cord injured patients during the attempt of the foot movement. Preliminary results suggest that in the high spectral contents the effects due to the spinal trauma affect the expected redundancy attitude by suppressing mainly the longer alternative pathways between the cortical regions.