Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and development of pulse electromagnetic fields (PEMF) as adjuvant therapy for fracture healing: A preliminary study on rats

This study aims to design and develop the pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) device which can be utilized as an adjuvant therapy in delayed union fracture. In the first stage, Arduino-based PEMF device has been built with four main modules: pulse generator, user interface, Helmholtz coil and data acquisition system. Pulse generator allowing user to operate the physical parameters: frequency, duty cycle, burst duration and exposure duration. The Helmholtz coil could produce 1.6 mT of homogenous magnetic field. In the next stage, preliminary study was done to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and PEMF exposure on the healing of delayed union fracture model on Spraque Dawley (SD) rats. Six SD rats were fracturized at the femoral shaft by non-union model, then they were grouped into 2 groups, 1 (n = 3, SMFexposure, Bmax = 1.6 mT) and 2 (n = 3, PEMF exposure, Bmax = 1.6 mT frequency = 50 Hz, duty cycle = 90%, burst cycle = 50%). Both groups had received the exposure for 4 hours per day and 7 hours per week. The evaluations of fracture healing were conducted by the histomorphometry analysis at 14, 21, and 28 days fracturization. PEMF group signal a better healing process through higher osseous tissue area.This study aims to design and develop the pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) device which can be utilized as an adjuvant therapy in delayed union fracture. In the first stage, Arduino-based PEMF device has been built with four main modules: pulse generator, user interface, Helmholtz coil and data acquisition system. Pulse generator allowing user to operate the physical parameters: frequency, duty cycle, burst duration and exposure duration. The Helmholtz coil could produce 1.6 mT of homogenous magnetic field. In the next stage, preliminary study was done to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and PEMF exposure on the healing of delayed union fracture model on Spraque Dawley (SD) rats. Six SD rats were fracturized at the femoral shaft by non-union model, then they were grouped into 2 groups, 1 (n = 3, SMFexposure, Bmax = 1.6 mT) and 2 (n = 3, PEMF exposure, Bmax = 1.6 mT frequency = 50 Hz, duty cycle = 90%, burst cycle = 50%). Both groups had received the exposure for 4 hours per day and 7.
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS

Summary: Since tens of millions of chemical compounds have been accumulated in public chemical databases, fast comprehensive computational methods to predict interactions between chemical compounds and proteins are needed for virtual screening of lead compounds. Previously, we proposed a novel method for predicting protein–chemical interactions using two-layer Support Vector Machine classiﬁers that require only readily available biochemical data, i.e. amino acid sequences of proteins and structure formulas of chemical compounds. In this article, the method has been implemented as the COPICAT web service, with an easy-to-use front-end interface. Users can simply submit a protein–chemical interaction prediction job using a pre-trained classiﬁer, or can even train their own classiﬁcation model by uploading training data. COPICAT’s fast and accurate computational prediction has enhanced lead compound discovery against a database of tens of millions of chemical compounds, implying that the search space for drug discovery is extended by > 1000 times compared with currently well-used high-throughput screening methodologies.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with 2D spectroscopy for the detection of brain metabolites

While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derives its signal from protons in water, additional biochemical compounds are detectable in vivo within the proton spectrum. The detection and mapping of these much weaker signals is known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy or spectroscopic imaging. Among the complicating factors for this modality applied to human clinical imaging are limited chemical-shift dispersion and J-coupling, which cause spectral overlap and complicated spectral shapes that limit detection and separation of brain metabolites using MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Existing techniques for improved detection include so-called 2D spectroscopy, where additional encoding steps aid in the separation of compounds with overlapping chemical shift. This is achieved by collecting spectral data over a range of timing parameters and introducing an additional frequency axis. While these techniques have been shown to improve signal separation, they carry a penalty in scan time that is often prohibitive when combined with MRSI. Beyond scan time constraints, the lipid signal contamination from the subcutaneous tissue in the head pose problems in MRSI. Due to the large voxel size typical in MRSI experiments, ringing artifacts from lipid signals become more prominent and contaminate spectra in brain tissue. This is despite the spatial separation of subcutaneous and brain tissue. This thesis first explores the combination of a 2D MRS method, Constant Time Point REsolved SpectroScopy (CT-PRESS) with fast spiral encoding in order to achieve feasible scan times for human in-vivo scanning. Human trials were done on a 3.0T scanner and with a 32-channel receive coil array. A lipid
Online Estimation and Smoothing of a Target Trajectory in Mixed Stationary/moving Conditions

A novel maximum likelihood trajectory estimation algorithm for targets in mixed stationary/moving conditions is presented. The proposed approach is able to estimate position and velocity of the target over arbitrary complex trajectories, while explicitly taking into account the possibility of stop&go motion. Moreover, a novel trajectory reconstruction method based on the theory of Bézier curve is developed for online smoothing of the trajectory, which keeps the advantages of Bayesian smoothing while introducing only a fixed lag in the estimation process. The performance assessment, conducted on both simulated and real data, shows that the proposed approach can outperform classical Kalman filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother techniques.
THE PIGEONHOLE BOOTSTRAP1 BY ART B. OWEN

Recently there has been much interest in data that, in statistical language, may be described as having a large crossed and severely unbalanced random effects structure. Such data sets arise for recommender engines and information retrieval problems. Many large bipartite weighted graphs have this structure too. We would like to assess the stability of algorithms fit to such data. Even for linear statistics, a naive form of bootstrap sampling can be seriously misleading and McCullagh [Bernoulli 6 (2000) 285–301] has shown that no bootstrap method is exact. We show that an alternative bootstrap separately resampling rows and columns of the data matrix satisfies a mean consistency property even in heteroscedastic crossed unbalanced random effects models. This alternative does not require the user to fit a crossed random effects model to the data.
An evaluation of pan & zoom and rubber sheet navigation with and without an overview

We present a study that evaluates conventional Pan and Zoom Navigation and Rubber Sheet Navigation, a rectilinear Focus+Context technique. Each of the two navigation techniques was evaluated both with and without an overview. All interfaces guaranteed that regions of interest would remain visible, at least as a compressed landmark, independent of navigation actions. Interfaces implementing these techniques were used by 40 subjects to perform a task that involved navigating a large hierarchical tree dataset and making topological comparisons between nodes in the tree. Our results show that Pan and Zoom Navigation was significantly faster and required less mental effort than Rubber Sheet Navigation, independent of the presence or absence of an overview. Also, overviews did not appear to improve performance, but were still perceived as beneficial by users. We discuss the implications of our task and guaranteed visibility on the results and the limitations of our study, and we propose preliminary design guidelines and recommendations for future work.
Grateloupia Serra sp. nov. H. W. Wang & Y. Lou (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta): a new species previously confused with Grateloupia asiatica in China

ABSTRACT A new Grateloupia species from Luxun park, Qingdao Province, North China, was discovered during recent investigations and named Grateloupia serra H. W. Wang & Y. Lou sp. nov. Morphological observations showed that: (1) the thalli were purple to dark red, cartilaginous and mucilaginous in texture, 15–45 cm in height; (2) the surface of thalli was covered with numerous proliferous branchlets and proliferous branchlets that were dentate when on the main axes; (3) the thalli were 450–550 µm thick, a cortex consisted of 6–8 layers of oblong or rounded cells and a medulla covered by compact medullary filaments; (4) the carpogonial branch was 6-celled and the auxiliary-cell branch was 5-celled, they were typical Grateloupia-type; (5) the internal structure of mature tetrasporangia were cruciately divided, oblong or square in shape. The morphological differences were supported by molecular analyses based on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene (rbcL) sequences. Sequences of four G. serra sp. nov. samples were embedded into the Grateloupia clade and showed no pairwise divergence.
The Determinants of Work Effort: Evidence from the Employment in Britain Survey

Using a sample of male and female workers from the 1992 Employment in Britain survey we estimate a model of employees’ self-reported effort levels. Effort is modelled as a function of wages, the perceived monitoring and supervision environment in the individual's workplace, labour-leisure preferences, local unemployment rates and unionisation. Using a two-step estimation strategy to account for the endogeneity of the wage, we find that effort levels are increasing in wages and in preferences for work over leisure. While the extent of monitoring seems not to affect workers’ effort levels the ease with which they can be dismissed is a motivating factor. Unionisation reduces selfreported effort levels which may reflect the outcome of an effort-bargain and, in contrast to the efficiency wage shirking story, local unemployment rates do not affect effort. Finally, in spite of being paid more than women, men report exerting less effort at work.
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Patients Are Not Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus: Implications for the Biology of the Virus

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects both B lymphocytes and squamous epithelial cells in vitro, but the cell type(s) required to establish primary and persistent infection in vivo has not been definitively elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate a group of individuals who lack mature B lymphocytes due to the rare heritable disorder X-linked agammaglobulinemia in order to determine the role of the B cell in the infection process. The results show that none of these individuals harbored EBV in their blood or throat washings. Furthermore, no EBV-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes were found, suggesting that they had not undergone infection in the past. In contrast, 50% of individuals were found to carry human herpesvirus 6, showing that they are infectible by another lymphotropic herpesvirus. These results add weight to the theory that B lymphocytes, and not oropharyngeal epithelial cells, may be required for primary infection with EBV.
A Pedagogical Ontology as a Playground in Adaptive Elearning Environments

Horbach, Matthias [Hrsg. ]: Informatik angepasst an Mensch, Organisation und Umwelt : Tagung vom 16. – 20. September 2013 in Koblenz. Bonn : Gesellschaft fur Informatik e.V. 2013, 6 S. - (Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) - Proceedings; P-220) Padagogische Teildisziplin: Medienpadagogik;
Anchoring plant metallothioneins to the inner face of the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells leads to heavy metal accumulation

In this study we engineered yeast cells armed for heavy metal accumulation by targeting plant metallothioneins to the inner face of the yeast plasma membrane. Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich proteins involved in the buffering of excess metal ions, especially Cu(I), Zn(II) or Cd(II). The cDNAs of seven Arabidopsis thaliana MTs (AtMT1a, AtMT1c, AtMT2a, AtMT2b, AtMT3, AtMT4a and AtMT4b) and four Noccaea caerulescens MTs (NcMT1, NcMT2a, NcMT2b and NcMT3) were each translationally fused to the C-terminus of a myristoylation green fluorescent protein variant (myrGFP) and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The myrGFP cassette introduced a yeast myristoylation sequence which allowed directional targeting to the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane along with direct monitoring of the intracellular localization of the recombinant protein by fluorescence microscopy. The yeast strains expressing plant MTs were investigated against an array of heavy metals in order to identify strains which exhibit the (hyper)accumulation phenotype without developing toxicity symptoms. Among the transgenic strains which could accumulate Cu(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II), but also non-canonical metal ions, such as Co(II), Mn(II) or Ni(II), myrGFP-NcMT3 qualified as the best candidate for bioremediation applications, thanks to the robust growth accompanied by significant accumulative capacity.
The natural history of breast carcinoma

We write to support the view put forward in the report of the Swedish Two-County Trial of breast screening that invasive tumors must be detected before they progress to less differentiated forms if the benefits of screening are to be realized fully. This represents a broadening of the authors’ previous emphasis on the importance of detecting “small” Grade 3 tumors (, 15 mm) to achieve early reduction of mortality. We have always upheld the broader approach. The Edinburgh Randomised Trial (ERT) involved women of a more limited age range (45– 64 years at study entry), with the screened arm offered biennial mammography, and it has achieved comparability with the Two-County Trial through a mortality reduction of 29% at 14 years of follow-up. Any comparisons of pathology features in the tumors in the screened and control arms must avoid the influence of length bias. The ‘unbiased’ group, comprised of tumors in previously screened women arising either as interval cases or detected at incidence screens, constitutes a set for comparison with controls. Such comparisons for the ERT cases are provided in Table 1, to illustrate the significant differences in the distribution of size, grade, and axillary lymph node positive groups that occurred in the unbiased group of the ERT. We also have demonstrated among all operable invasive tumors in our randomized population a strong statistical relation between the worsening of grade and increasing tumor size. This is not to be construed as evidence for obligate progression to a worse grade for all tumors with time. Rather, these findings from Sweden and Scotland provide substantial evidence for the phenotypic drift of some tumors over time, supporting the longitudinal French study of breast tumors managed over a period that lacked substantial mammographic intervention. The presentation of different mean sojourn times for the distinct grades and histologic types of breast carcinoma in the Swedish study may be of value, but the concept that they can be defined appears to be a contradiction of belief in biologic shift with time. The provocative statements with regard to women age , 50 years need greater substantiation than is provided in the article, and the authors’ conclusions regarding screening younger women remains a matter for debate. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the delays in mortality reduction for such young women anticipated by the Swedish investigators have not been experienced in the U.K. The assumptions involved in the mathematic modeling of the natural history of breast carcinoma and screen detection need to be borne in mind by nonstatistical readers of this complex article. These procedures cannot 1758
Video content identification using the Viterbi algorithm

We propose a video content identification that uses the Viterbi algorithm for identifying unknown video content from a database of reference content. Both the source video in the database and exact frame index therein of each query frame are determined by our method. The Viterbi algorithm is effective for enforcing temporal consistency over frame-level hypotheses based on matching frame fingerprints. We have introduced an “unknown” state in the Viterbi state model to handle both missed detections and non-existent matches. Another novelty of our approach is the use of frame time stamps for computing transition probabilities between frames. This makes our method capable of handling even extreme frame rate changes between query and reference videos. We have provided experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. This approach may conceivably be used for audio content identification as well.
Designing Question Answering System by Using the Genetic Algorithms

Question Answering (QA) systems made possible to ask questions and retrieve answers using natural language (NL) queries, rather than the keyword-based retrieval mechanisms used by current search engines. Currently, there exists several QA approaches, and, according to recent evaluation results, most of them are complementary. Most QA systems combine information retrieval with extraction techniques to identify a set of likely candidates and then utilize some ranking strategy to generate the final answers. In this study, we presented the results of design, implementation and evaluation of a restricted domain Question Answering System, Based on the knowledge base. Here, we have designed a question answering system, by using the genetic algorithms, that his target is obtaining the most relevant answers in the least possible time. In this system, is used the genetic algorithm, to search in the knowledge base. The knowledge base is made from web pages. To validate the proposed system, we use the genetic algorithm method, and optimized genetic algorithm method. After the experiments, the results of optimized genetic algorithm method has been significantly improved, compared with genetic algorithm, and responds more quickly to questions.
Study of the Effect of Nortriptyline and Fluvoxamine on Psychomotor Functions in Healthy Volunteers

Background: Today, many antidepressants are available, but they often cause adverse effects, particularly psychomotor and cognitive. It leads to patient maladjustment and may impair psychomotor performance. Fluvoxamine is a newer antidepressant and hence the present study was planned to investigate its effect on psychomotor functions and compare with nortriptyline and record their adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 healthy volunteers were included in this double-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover study. Single oral doses of fluvoxamine 50 mg, nortriptyline 50 mg and placebo were administered following a Latin square design. The objective parameters-six digit cancellation test, digit symbol substitution test, critical flicker fusion test, arithmetic ability test, hand steadiness test and subjective parameters such as visual analogue scale 1, 2, 3 were tested at 0, 2 and 4 h. The side-effects were also investigated. Results: Nortriptyline impaired all subjective and objective psychomotor functions while fluvoxamine did not show any significant effect on objective tests. However, on subjective parameters, there was a significant effect. The side-effects observed were dryness of mouthwith the nortriptyline and nausea and headache with fluvoxamine. Conclusion: Fluvoxamine is a better antidepressant drug in comparison with nortriptyline as it causes a less impairment of psychomotor functions.
Transition-oriented hidden Markov models for speaker verification

In this article, we present a novel mechanism by which more precise voiceprints can be constructed in a typical text-dependent speaker veri(cid:12)cation system based on a con- tinuous density hidden Markov model (HMM). Typical voiceprints (speaker-dependent HMMs) are (cid:12)rst trained using a subscriber’s enrollment data. The resulting models are then restructured to permit a modeling of sub-state behavior. At (cid:12)rst, the restructured models are function-ally equivalent to the conventional voiceprint. Sub-state parameters are then estimated by the re-application of the enrollment data. The resulting speaker-dependent models provide improved speaker veri(cid:12)cation performance relative to the models with the original topology. 1
Estimating the E ects of Covariateson Health

This paper addresses estimation of an outcome characterized by mass at zero, signiicant skewness, and heteroscedasticity. Unlike other approaches suggested recently that require retransformations or arbitrary assumptions about error distributions, our estimation strategy uses sequences of conditional probability functions, similar to those used in discrete time hazard rate analyses, to construct a discrete approximation to the density function of the outcome of interest conditional on exogenous explanatory variables. Once the conditional density function has been constructed, we can examine expectations of arbitrary functions of the outcome of interest and evaluate how these expectations vary with observed exogenous covariates. This removes a reseacher's reliance on strong and often untested maintained assumptions. We demonstrate the features and precision of the conditional density estimation method through Monte Carlo experiments and an application to health expenditures using the RAND Health Insurance Experiment data. Overall, we nd that the approximate conditional density estimator that we propose provides accurate and precise estimates of derivatives of expected outcomes for a wide range of types of explanatory variables. We nd that two-part smearing models often used by health economists do not perform well. Our results, both in Monte Carlo experiments and in our real application, also indicate that simple one-part OLS models of level health expenditures can provide more accurate estimates than commonly used two-part models with smearing, provided one uses enough expansion terms in the one-part model to t the data well.
Comparison of Molecular Techniques with other Methods for Identification and Enumeration of Probiotics in Fermented Milk Products

Nowadays, an increasing attention is being given to fermented milk products including yogurt, kefir, buttermilk, and acidophilus milk. Fermented milks, especially the ones containing probiotics, are claimed to be useful for health of host (such as intestinal- and immune-associated diseases). Their healthful effects could be significantly enhanced by incorporating probiotic microorganisms; those have healthful advantages for host when consumed in an appropriate viable number in food products. Probiotic dairy products have stepped to the market and are being commercially produced under various brand names. In addition, these products are legislatively obliged to be labeled for the microorganisms contained. Therefore, identification and enumeration of their microorganisms are a cause of concern. Several culture-dependent methods have been introduced and used to identify the microorganisms, in which the researchers have experienced multiple difficulties. Thereby, molecular approaches were present as an alternative, offering advantages such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and speed. This article reviews the molecular approaches employed for identification and enumeration of probiotics in fermented milk products.