Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-road Vehicle Detection based on Hierarchical Clustering and Adaptive Vehicle Localization

Vehicle detection is considered to be a significant task in automatic driving which is regarded as a challenge and thorny issue for researchers in this field. The majority of commercial vehicle detection systems are based on radar. However, methods using radar suffer from problems such as the one encountered in zigzag motions. Image processing techniques can overcome these problems . This paper proposed an approach based on hierarchical clustering in which lowlevel image features are used to detect on-road vehicles. The approach introduced in this study is based on a new clustering method called teammate selection. In this clustering method, a new merging measure based on cluster center distances and gray scale values was introduced. Each vehicle was assumed to be a cluster. In traditional clustering methods, the threshold distance for each cluster was fixed; however, in the method proposed in this paper, the threshold distance is adaptive which varies according to the position of each cluster. The threshold measure was computed with bivariate normal distribution. Sampling and teammate selection for each cluster were carried out by cluster members based on weighted average. Unlike other methods which used only horizontal or vertical lines, a fully image edge detection algorithm was utilized in this study. Corner is an important video image feature which is commonly used in vehicle detection systems. However, Harris features were used in this paper to detect the corners. Furthermore, LISA data set was used to evaluate the proposed method. Several experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of proposed algorithm. Experimental results indicated good performance compared to other algorithms.
Extended Fault-Location Formulation for Power Distribution Systems

In this paper, an extended impedance-based fault-location formulation for generalized distribution systems is presented. The majority of distribution feeders are characterized by having several laterals, nonsymmetrical lines, highly unbalanced operation, and time-varying loads. These characteristics compromise traditional fault-location methods performance. The proposed method uses only local voltages and currents as input data. The current load profile is obtained through these measurements. The formulation considers load variation effects and different fault types. Results are obtained from numerical simulations by using a real distribution system from the Electrical Energy Distribution State Company of Rio Grande do Sul (CEEE-D), Southern Brazil. Comparative results show the technique robustness with respect to fault type and traditional fault-location problems, such as fault distance, resistance, inception angle, and load variation. The formulation was implemented as embedded software and is currently used at CEEE-D's distribution operation center.
Neutrino emission via the plasma process in a magnetized plasma

Neutrino emission via the plasma process using the vertex formalism for QED in a strongly magnetized plasma is considered. A new vertex function is introduced to include the axial vector part of the weak interaction. Our results are compared with previous calculations, and the effect of the axial vector coupling on neutrino emission is discussed. The contribution from the axial vector coupling can be of the same order as or greater than the vector vector coupling under certain plasma conditions.
Protein microarrays address the elephant in the room.

Protein arrays, antigen microarrays in particular, are powerful tools for interrogating the humoral immune response in the setting of health and disease. Whereas antibodies against pathogen-associated antigens provide defense against infection, autoantibodies target a wide variety of cell surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear self-antigens. Instead of analyzing these antibodies one at a time in single-analyte experiments, investigators can now perform multiplexed profiling of antibody reactivities to a panel of antigens spotted onto planar antigen microarrays(1)(2). Since their inception, antigen microarrays have been used to guide DNA vaccine therapy(3), to profile antibody reactivity during viral infections(4), and to identify clinical subtypes of rheumatoid arthritis(5), lupus(6), and prostate cancer(7). Despite recent advances, the need for improvement in antigen microarrays is still tremendous. Some of the unique challenges facing antigen microarrays include technical issues regarding printing and probing, normalization strategies, and the lack of a reference sample for standardization between experiments and laboratories. Another issue facing antigen microarrays, and protein arrays in general, is that proteins exist at widely different concentrations, and the simultaneous measurement of both low-abundance and high-abundance proteins represents a technical challenge. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Hartmann et al.(8) describe a strategy for accurately measuring total immunoglobulin, a high-abundance protein, while still permitting measurement of low-abundance autoantibodies. …
Screening for depression in chronic hemodialysis patients: Comparison of the Beck Depression Inventory, primary nurse, and nephrology team

Depression in patients with end‐state renal disease (ESRD) is both underdiagnosed and treated, which may contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Efforts aimed at screening, diagnosing, and treating depression could potentially modify outcomes in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), the primary nurse, and nephrology team, among a cohort of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to identify patient variables associated with depression. Patients were screened for depression at the same time point, using the BDI‐II, the primary nurse and the nephrology team. Depression was defined as a BDI‐II score ≥14. Agreement between the BDI‐II score, nurse, and nephrology team assessment of depression was compared using a kappa score and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. One hundred and twenty‐four of an eligible 154 patients completed the study. Depression as measured by a BDI‐II≥14, the nurse and the team was diagnosed in 38.7%, 41.9%, and 24.2% of patients, respectively. With the BDI‐II as the gold standard, the nurses' diagnosis of depression had an agreement of 74.6% vs. only 24.2% agreement with the nephrology team. A previous history of malignancy was the only variable associated with the diagnosis of depression. Depression is common among patients on HD, supporting the need for a routine depression‐screening program. The primary dialysis nurse is in a key position to identify patients with depression and should be considered as an integral part of the nephrology team.
Design and simulation of cylindrical linear induction motor mechanism based on finite element analyze

According to the requirements on operating mechanism of movement characteristics during the opening and closing of 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breaker, a new type of motor drive operating mechanism-cylinder linear induction motor (C-LIM) mechanism was designed in this paper. And magnetic field and some characteristics of (C-LIM) was analyzed using finite element method, and (C-LIM) design validity is proved. Based on higher requisition of the characteristics of breaker operating mechanism when operating and closing the motor mechanism movement characteristics was built and load model of system is analyzed, and the optimized velocity curve of the contacting also planned in the paper. Pointing at ending effect of C-LIM mathematical model of vector control system is built when consider dynamic vertical ending effect, and simulated of the mechanism control system for driven by (C-LIM) in MATLAB environment. C-LIM model is successful in putting it through a test on circuit breaker rated 40.5kV and satisfy requirements. The results show that it can get a good dynamic performance, small vibration and perfectly meet the requirements of mechanism movement characteristics during the opening and closing of circuit breaker when the linear motor direct drive circuit breaker actuator operating shaft, and still lay the foundations of circuit breaker intelligence control.
Comprehensive Clinical and Molecular Analysis of 12 Families with Type 1 Recessive Cutis Laxa

Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (ARCL type I) is characterized by generalized cutis laxa with pulmonary emphysema and/or vascular complications. Rarely, mutations can be identified in FBLN4 or FBLN5. Recently, LTBP4 mutations have been implicated in a similar phenotype. Studying FBLN4, FBLN5, and LTBP4 in 12 families with ARCL type I, we found bi‐allelic FBLN5 mutations in two probands, whereas nine probands harbored biallelic mutations in LTBP4. FBLN5 and LTBP4 mutations cause a very similar phenotype associated with severe pulmonary emphysema, in the absence of vascular tortuosity or aneurysms. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract involvement seems to be more severe in patients with LTBP4 mutations. Functional studies showed that most premature termination mutations in LTBP4 result in severely reduced mRNA and protein levels. This correlated with increased transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) activity. However, one mutation, c.4127dupC, escaped nonsense‐mediated decay. The corresponding mutant protein (p.Arg1377Alafs*27) showed reduced colocalization with fibronectin, leading to an abnormal morphology of microfibrils in fibroblast cultures, while retaining normal TGFβ activity. We conclude that LTBP4 mutations cause disease through both loss of function and gain of function mechanisms.
Interfering with the Chronic Immune Response Rescues Chronic Degeneration After Traumatic Brain Injury

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), neurons surviving the initial insult can undergo chronic (secondary) degeneration via poorly understood mechanisms, resulting in long-term cognitive impairment. Although a neuroinflammatory response is promptly activated after TBI, it is unknown whether it has a significant role in chronic phases of TBI (>1 year after injury). Using a closed-head injury model of TBI in mice, we showed by MRI scans that TBI caused substantial degeneration at the lesion site within a few weeks and these did not expand significantly thereafter. However, chronic alterations in neurons were observed, with reduced dendritic spine density lasting >1 year after injury. In parallel, we found a long-lasting inflammatory response throughout the entire brain. Deletion of one allele of CX3CR1, a chemokine receptor, limited infiltration of peripheral immune cells and largely prevented the chronic degeneration of the injured brain and provided a better functional recovery in female, but not male, mice. Therefore, targeting persistent neuroinflammation presents a new therapeutic option to reduce chronic neurodegeneration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes chronic neurological problems including epilepsy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and dementia through unknown mechanisms. Our study demonstrates that inflammatory cells invading the brain lead to secondary brain damage. Sex-specific amelioration of chronic neuroinflammation rescues the brain degeneration and results in improved motor functions. Therefore, this study pinpoints an effective therapeutic approach to preventing secondary complications after TBI.
Alloy and composition dependence of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in high-strength steel fasteners

High-strength steel fasteners characterized by tensile strengths above 1100 MPa are often used in critical applications where a failure can have catastrophic consequences. Preventing hydrogen embrittlement (HE) failure is a fundamental concern implicating the entire fastener supply chain. Research is typically conducted under idealized conditions that cannot be translated into know-how prescribed in fastener industry standards and practices. Additionally, inconsistencies and even contradictions in fastener industry standards have led to much confusion and many preventable or misdiagnosed fastener failures. HE susceptibility is a function of the material condition, which is comprehensively described by the metallurgical and mechanical properties. Material strength has a first-order effect on HE susceptibility, which increases significantly above 1200 MPa and is characterized by a ductile--brittle transition. For a given concentration of hydrogen and at equal strength, the critical strength above which the ductile–brittle transition begins can vary due to second-order effects of chemistry, tempering temperature and sub-microstructure. Additionally, non-homogeneity of the metallurgical structure resulting from poorly controlled heat treatment, impurities and non-metallic inclusions can increase HE susceptibility of steel in ways that are measurable but unpredictable. Below 1200 MPa, non-conforming quality is often the root cause of real-life failures. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.
The Cell‐Mediated Immune Response Against Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in β2‐microglobulin Deficient Mice

Clearance of tnany virus infections requires participation of the cell-mediated immune system. Virus-infected cells are recognized and killed by CD8*. major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (Germain 1994. Ojcius et al. 1994). MHC class I molecules bind antigenic peptides (generally 8-10 amino acids in length) derived from the proteolysis of endogenousiy synthesized selfor virus-encoded proteins (Monaco 1995). These peptides are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum where they bind to MHC class I heavy chains and Pi-microglobuUn (Pi^ ' t*̂ l̂ *̂"""! ^ trimolecular complex (Germain 1994, Monaco 1995). This complex then transits via the golgi to the cell surface. By virtue of their function in peptide presentation, class I molecules are intimately involved in regulating the selection and effector functions of CD8* CTL and of natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast to CTL, the expression of some (but not all) class 1 complexes can confer target cell resistance to lysis by NK cells (Karre 1993. Correa ik Raulcl 1995. Malnali cl al. 1995). The availability of |32m-deHcient (P^m^) mice (Koller et al. 1990, Zijistra et al. 1990) has allowed the precise role of class I molecules in the immune response to he investiiialed. Because of their lack of [i,m. these mice are deficient in expression of class 1 nuilccules ihroiiiihoul all o{ their tissues, and therefore fail to select
Identification of major CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis.

CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 monooxygenases (EC 1.14.14.1) are responsible for the metabolism of a variety of drugs and other xenobiotics, including proton pump inhibitors, certain tricyclic antidepressants, barbiturates, beta-blockers, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, warfarin, and others (1). More than 12 variants of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are known, some of which can be linked to altered drug metabolism and to potential severe side effects (2)(3). CYP2C9*2 (430C→T), CYP2C9*3 (1075A→C), CYP2C19*2 (681G→A), CYP2C19*3 (636G→A), and CYP2C19*4 (1A→G) account for >90% of Caucasian poor-metabolizer alleles (nucleotide changes in parentheses after the allele) (4)(5). The nucleotide changes in the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles lead to changes in the amino acid sequence (R144C for CYP2C9*2 and I359L for CYP2C9*3 ) and thus to decreased enzyme activity. In the case of CYP2C19*2 , * 3 , and * 4 , the nucleotide changes lead to a splicing defect, stop codon, and GTG initiation codon, respectively, and therefore to a protein with no activity. We developed a new assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). We labeled oligonucleotides with donor and acceptor fluorophores for mutation detection and applied this assay to the LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics). Single base alterations can be identified on the basis of different melting temperatures ( T ms), and we used this method to screen genotypes of healthy unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. We report a robust and swift genotyping assay to permit analysis of major CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 alleles within 60 min of blood collection for each allele. This assay can be used in routine clinical practice to provide guidance for dose adjustments of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9/19. We examined 189 healthy males and females from a Human Pharmacology Unit for participation in various clinical research trials. After giving written informed consent, these individuals were genotyped for CYP2C9*2 , CYP2C9*3 , …
Structurally Conserved Nop56/58 N-terminal Domain Facilitates Archaeal Box C/D Ribonucleoprotein-guided Methyltransferase Activity*

Background: Box C/D RNPs direct site-specific 2′-O-methylation of rRNA. Results: The Nop56/58 and fibrillarin core proteins establish a very stable dimer with Nop56/58 contributing to methyltransferase activity. Conclusion: The Nop56/58 core protein plays a role not only in RNP assembly, but also methyltransferase activity. Significance: Our observations reveal a novel role for the Nop56/58 core protein in box C/D RNP function. Box C/D RNA-protein complexes (RNPs) guide the 2′-O-methylation of nucleotides in both archaeal and eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs. The archaeal box C/D and C′/D′ RNP subcomplexes are each assembled with three sRNP core proteins. The archaeal Nop56/58 core protein mediates crucial protein-protein interactions required for both sRNP assembly and the methyltransferase reaction by bridging the L7Ae and fibrillarin core proteins. The interaction of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Mj) Nop56/58 with the methyltransferase fibrillarin has been investigated using site-directed mutagenesis of specific amino acids in the N-terminal domain of Nop56/58 that interacts with fibrillarin. Extensive mutagenesis revealed an unusually strong Nop56/58-fibrillarin interaction. Only deletion of the NTD itself prevented dimerization with fibrillarin. The extreme stability of the Nop56/58-fibrillarin heterodimer was confirmed in both chemical and thermal denaturation analyses. However, mutations that did not affect Nop56/58 binding to fibrillarin or sRNP assembly nevertheless disrupted sRNP-guided nucleotide modification, revealing a role for Nop56/58 in methyltransferase activity. This conclusion was supported with the cross-linking of Nop56/58 to the target RNA substrate. The Mj Nop56/58 NTD was further characterized by solving its three-dimensional crystal structure to a resolution of 1.7 Å. Despite low primary sequence conservation among the archaeal Nop56/58 homologs, the overall structure of the archaeal NTD domain is very well conserved. In conclusion, the archaeal Nop56/58 NTD exhibits a conserved domain structure whose exceptionally stable interaction with fibrillarin plays a role in both RNP assembly and methyltransferase activity.
A Novel Association of Fc Receptor γ-Chain with Glycoprotein VI and Their Co-expression as a Collagen Receptor in Human Platelets*

The mechanism by which occupancy of collagen receptors is coupled to platelet activation has been uncertain. Our group previously demonstrated that glycoprotein (GP) VI, an uncharacterized platelet membrane protein, is specifically required for collagen-platelet interaction leading to activation of protein-tyrosine kinase Syk. Since collagen stimulation of platelets has recently been found to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc receptor (FcR) γ-chain, a signal-generating subunit of FcR, we further investigated the relationships between FcR γ-chain and GPVI in human platelets. Our present study revealed the following. FcR γ-chain was physically and stably associated with GPVI in human platelets; both FcR γ-chain and GPVI were proportionally absent in GPVI-deficient platelets; GPVI cross-linking or collagen stimulation of platelets resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of GPVI-associated FcR γ-chain accompanied by Syk association and activation. These findings strongly suggest that the associated complex of GPVI and FcR γ-chain is a collagen receptor featuring the signaling through immune receptors.
1 Corpus Properties of Protein Interaction Descriptions

Motivation: Computer processing of the biomedical “literaturome” is expected to boost efforts to understand and control biological processes. An important aspect of this task is unearthing interactions from biomedical texts. While a body of work exists describing such efforts, current understanding of the evidence that specific sentence attributes provide regarding protein interactions is still meager. Because of the potential value of such knowledge to system builders, we empirically investigated a corpus of MEDLINE abstracts to determine the abilities of several prominent sentence attributes to predict whether protein interactions are described. The investigation also serves as a model that may be useful for obtaining analogous results for other kinds of interactions, such as occur among diseases, drugs, genes, proteins, and other entities. Knowledge of interactions in turn can support a wide range of practical and theoretical goals. Results: This paper contributes to understanding of how passage attributes relate to automatic identification and extraction of protein interactions from texts. The results provide data of potential use in designing biomedical interaction mining systems. Availability and supplementary information: The list of PMIDs of the MEDLINE records in the corpus we used, and the two databases derived from the corpus, in Access format, are downloadable from http://class.ee. iastate.edu/berleant/s/IEPA.htm. Contact: berleant@iastate.edu.
FPGA implementation of a pulse density neural network using simultaneous perturbation

We describe a FPGA implementation of a pulse density neural network circuit with learning ability. We adopt the simultaneous perturbation method as a learning rule of the implementation. The learning rule requires only twice forward operations of networks. Thus, without a complicated circuit that calculates gradients of an error function, we implemented the network system with learning ability. We designed a pulse density neural network using VHDL. Based on the design, FPGA system is fabricated. We confirmed simulation results of this implementation through the exclusive OR problem and simple function learning problem.
Lightning protection certification for high explosives facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

This paper presents an innovation in lighting safety certification, and a description of its implementation for high explosives processing and storage facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Lightning rods have proven useful in the protection of wooden structures; however, modern structures made of rebar, concrete, and the like, require fresh thinking. Our process involves a rigorous and unique approach to lightning safety for modern buildings, where the internal voltages and currents are quantified and the risk assessed. To follow are the main technical aspects of lightning protection for modern structures and these methods comply with the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association, the National Electrical Code, and the Department of Energy. At the date of this release, we have certified over 70 HE processing and storage cells at our Site 300 facility