Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stability of MHD Taylor-Couette flow with current-free spiral magnetic fields between conducting cylinders

We study the magnetorotational instability in cylindrical Taylor-Couette flow, with the (vertically unbounded) cylinders taken to be perfect conductors, and with external ly imposed spiral magnetic fields. The azimuthal component o f this field is generated by an axial current inside the inner cy linder, and may be slightly stronger than the axial field. We obtain an instability beyond the Rayleigh line, for Reynold s numbers of order 1000 and Hartmann numbers of order 10, and independent of the (small) magnetic Prandtl number. For exp eriments withRout = 2 Rin = 10 cm andΩout = 0.27 Ωin, the instability appears for liquid sodium for axial fields of ∼20 Gauss and axial currents of ∼1200 A. For gallium the numbers are∼50 Gauss and∼3200 A. The vertical cell size is about twice the cell size kno w for nonmagnetic experiments.
Carbon dioxide transport across the hillslope-riparian-stream continuum in a boreal headwater catchment

Abstract. Headwater streams export CO2 as lateral downstream export and vertical evasion from the stream surface. CO2 in boreal headwater streams generally originates from adjacent terrestrial areas, so determining the sources and rate of CO2 transport along the hillslope–riparian–stream continuum could improve estimates of CO2 export via the aquatic pathway, especially by quantifying evasion at higher temporal resolutions. Continuous measurements of dissolved CO2 concentrations and water table were made along the hillslope–riparian–stream continuum in the Vastrabacken sub-catchment of the Krycklan catchment, Sweden. Daily water and CO2 export from the hillslope and riparian zone were estimated over one hydrological year (October 2012–September 2013) using a flow-concentration model and compared with measured lateral downstream CO2 export. Total water export over the hydrological year from the hillslope was 230 mm yr−1 compared with 270 mm yr−1 from the riparian zone. This corresponds well (proportional to the relative upslope contributing area) to the annual catchment runoff of 265 mm yr−1. Total CO2 export from the riparian zone to the stream was 3.0 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1. A hotspot for riparian CO2 export was observed at 30–50 cm depth (accounting for 71 % of total riparian export). Seasonal variability was high with export peaks during the spring flood and autumn storm events. Downstream lateral CO2 export (determined from stream water dissolved CO2 concentrations and discharge) was 1.2 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1. Subtracting downstream lateral export from riparian export (3.0 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1) gives 1.8 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1 which can be attributed to evasion losses (accounting for 60 % of export via the aquatic pathway). The results highlight the importance of terrestrial CO2 export, especially from the riparian zone, for determining catchment aquatic CO2 losses and the importance of the CO2 evasion component to carbon export via the aquatic conduit.
Construction of Branching Plans under Full Observability on the Basis of Distances Represented as BDDs

A conditional plan is a controller that determines for each of a number of circumstances a sequence of operations that leads to a goal state. A major problem in constructing conditional plans is that the number of syntactically different conditional plans is extremely high, and finding a correct one by going through all of them (or just a fraction of them) is often a very bad idea because alone testing the correctness of each candidate plan is computationally intractable. In this work present an algorithm for constructing conditional plans that avoids search in the space of possible plans. The algorithm works in a setting where the environment is fully observable, there are no nondeterministic external events, and the only incompleteness concerns the initial state, that is, plans have to reach the goals from any of a number of initial states. The algorithm relies on the availability of exact distance information from all reachable states to a goal state, often effectively representable for example as binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The plans produced by our algorithm are optimal in the sense that for every initial state the sequence of operations determined by the plan is a shortest possible one. We also consider variants of the algorithm that attempt to produce smaller plans by relaxing the requirement of optimality of execution length.
An adaptive learning approach for fault-tolerant routing in Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IOT) is a wireless ad-hoc network of everyday objects collaborating and cooperating with one other in order to accomplish some shared objectives. The envisioned high degrees of association of humans with IOT nodes require equally high degrees of reliability of the network. In order to render this reliability to IOT networks, it is necessary to make them tolerant to faults. In this paper, we propose mixed cross-layered and learning automata (LA)-based fault-tolerant routing protocol for IOTs, which assures successful delivery of packets even in the presence of faults between a pair of source and destination nodes. As this work concerns IOT, the algorithm designed should be highly scalable and should be able to deliver high degrees of performance in a heterogeneous environment. The LA and cross-layer concepts adopted in the proposed approach endow this flexibility to the algorithm so that the same standard can be used across the network. It dynamically adopts itself to the changing environment and, hence, chooses the optimal action. Since energy is a major concern in IOTs, the algorithm performs energy-aware fault-tolerant routing. To save on energy, all the nodes lying in the unused path are put to sleep. Again this sleep scheduling is dynamic and adaptive. The simulation results of the proposed strategy shows an increase in the overall energy-efficiency of the network and decrease in overhead, as compared to the existing protocols we have considered as benchmarks in this study.
Vocabulary independent acoustic-phonetic modeling for continuous speech recognition

This paper investigates the problem of defining the acoustic-phonetic unit set for flexible vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems. As an alternative to the classical modeling approach with biphones and triphones, a set of stationary/transitory state units is defined that is limited enough in number as to represent a closed set trainable once and for all. A major benefit of these units is that inter-word transitions can easily be taken into account. We show that a system employing these new units favorably compares with respect to a baseline recognizer with Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models of context-dependent biphones and triphones, selected through a minimal occurrence criterion within the training database.
A Lower Bound on Probabilistic Algorithms for Distributive Ring Coloring

Suppose that n processors are arranged in a ring and can communicate only with their immediate neighbors. It is shown that any probabilistic algorithm for 3 coloring the ring must take at least $\frac{1}{2}\log^* n - 2$ rounds, otherwise the probability that all processors are colored legally is less than $\frac{1}{2}$. A similar time bound holds for selecting a maximal independent set. The bound is tight (up to a constant factor) in light of the deterministic algorithms of Cole and Vishkin [Inform, and Control, 70 (1986), pp. 32–53] and extends the lower bound for deterministic algorithms of Linial [Proc. 28th IEEE Foundations of Computer Science Symposium, 1987, pp. 331–335].
A Low Complexity Signal Recovery Algorithm Based on Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing (CS) can give a sparse representation of compressible signals. We consider the problem of blind signal recovery based on CS and propose a novel algorithm for sparse signal reconstruction with low complexity. From the CS sampled measurements, we first get the signal parameters' estimation, such as the carrier frequency, and reconstruct the narrow band signal using the estimated result. In particular, we focus on its noise performance and get approximate analytical expressions of the output signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm has good noise performance, as well as low computation complexity.
In-Situ Web Mashup and Hypermedia Support for Mobile Vision-Based AR Applications

Recently, mobile augmented reality (AR) applications are becoming popular and allow normal users to see an enhanced real world through their mobile camera. Creating AR content however is tedious and traditionally done on desktop environments by professionals, with extensive knowledge and/or even programming skills required. In this paper, we introduce a complete mobile approach for creating vision-based AR in both indoor and outdoor environment. Using hyperlinks, Web mashups are built to dynamically augment the physical world by normal users without programing skills. This paper presents the technical challenges, design, and the implementation with some technical discussions to improve the user experience.
MOTIVATIONAL LEXICON IN ANTHONY ROBBINS’ UNLIMITED POWER

In the language learning process, motivation, one of psychological factors, has a great role in endorsing students to be a successful learner. Based on the issues, the choice of words that can influence the students to do the best is practically required by the teachers. So that, teacher as a motivator has a power to influence the students to take action for achieving their excellent learning, using what Anthony Robbins suggest on his book; Unlimited Power. The writer formulated the aims of this study as follow; (1) to identify the motivational lexicons in Unlimited Power from the psychological perspective, and (2) to describe how motivational lexicons in Unlimited Power take apart in the pedagogical field. This research used qualitative research to find out the data. The data analysis technique that researcher used is content analysis since they were texts in Unlimited Power. Researcher found three motivational lexicons used by Anthony Robbins in his book Unlimited Power; think, challenge, and remember. Think used as a tool to lead his readers to come to their memory, re-identify some main points, and consider about the certain thing. Challenge used to pump readers’ emotion, gave a test, and invited them to take action. Remember used as a tool to bring back a piece of information he provided before and try to keep it in readers’ mind. Anthony’s motivational lexicons in Unlimited Power also can use in the pedagogical field. Teacher can use them in the teaching-learning process as it determines the effectiveness of rewards for what students do and apparently influential factor for learning process.
Testing a Typology of Tasks

This article presents an empirical test of McGrath’s group task circumplex, which has been used as a theoretical basis for numerous empirical and conceptual articles. Data from Straus and McGrath (1994) were used to test the hypothesis that the degree to which tasks pose requirements for member interdependence will be positively associated with the amount of communication that reflects consensus building and coordination processes in groups. Seventy-two, 3-person groups completed three tasks with increasing levels of member interdependence as prescribed by the vertical dimension of the task circumplex: an idea generation task, an intellective task, and a judgment task. Groups communicated either in computer conferences or face-to-face discussions. Patterns of group communication show support for the vertical dimension of the task circumplex. In addition, results suggest that some aspects of group process serve different purposes as a function of communication medium.
The Failure to Predict the Great Recession. The Failure of Academic Economics? A View Focusing on the Role of Credit

Much has been written about why economists failed to predict the latest financial and real crisis. Reading the recent literature, it seems that the crisis was so obvious that economists must have been blind when looking at data not to see it coming. In this paper, we analyze whether such claims are justified by looking at one of the most cited and relevant variables in this analysis, the now infamous credit to GDP chart. We compare the conclusions reached in the literature after the crisis with the results that could have been drawn from an ex ante analysis. We show that, even though credit affects the business cycle in both the expansion and the recession phases, this effect is almost negligible and impossible to exploit from a policymaker’s point of view.
Robust speaker identification using an auditory-based feature

An auditory-based feature extraction algorithm is presented. The feature is based on a recently published time-frequency transform plus a set of modules to simulate the signal processing functions in the cochlea. The feature is applied to a speaker identification task to address the acoustic mismatch problem between training and testing. Usually, the performances of acoustic models trained in clean speech drop significantly when tested on noisy speech. The proposed feature has shown strong robustness in the mismatched situation. As shown in our experiments, in a speaker identification task, both MFCC and the proposed feature have near perfect performances in a clean testing condition, but when the SNR of input signal drops to 6 dB, the average accuracy of the MFCC feature is only 41.2%, while the proposed feature still achieves an average accuracy of 88.3%.
Increased late sodium current contributes to long QT-related arrhythmia susceptibility in female mice.

AIMS Female gender is a risk factor for long QT-related arrhythmias, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that gender-dependent function of the post-depolarization 'late' sodium current (I(Na-L)) contributes. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were conducted in mice in which the canonical cardiac sodium channel Scn5a locus was disrupted, and expression of human wild-type SCN5A cDNA substituted. Baseline QT intervals were similar in male and female mice, but exposure to the sodium channel opener anemone toxin ATX-II elicited polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 0/9 males vs. 6/9 females. Ventricular I(Na-L) and action potential durations were increased in myocytes isolated from female mice compared with those from males before and especially after treatment with ATX-II. Further, ATX-II elicited potentially arrhythmogenic early afterdepolarizations in myocytes from 0/5 male mice and 3/5 female mice. CONCLUSION These data identify variable late I(Na) as a modulator of gender-dependent arrhythmia susceptibility.
Exploring the Kinematics of the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8: Ejecta Shells, Fast-moving Knots, and Shocked Circumstellar Material

We present the results of an in-depth optical study of the core-collapse supernova remnant G292.0+1.8 using the Rutgers Fabry-Perot (RFP) imaging spectrometer. Our observations provide a detailed picture of the supernova remnant in the emission lines of [O III] λ5007, Hα, and [N II] λ6548. The [O III] Fabry-Perot scans reveal a bright crescent-shaped spur of previously known high-velocity (Vradial ~ 1500 km s-1) O-rich ejecta located on the eastern side of the remnant. The spur consists of a semicoherent structure of mostly redshifted material, along with several clumps that have apparently broken out of the more orderly shell-like expansion. The high-velocity (≳600 km s-1) component of the spur also displays a scalloped morphology characteristic of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. We also find a large number of fast-moving knots (FMKs) of O-rich ejecta undetected in prior photographic plate images and similar to features seen in Cas A. The FMKs are distributed sparsely in the interior of G292.0+1.8 and are seen mostly in blueshifted emission out to Vradial ≈ -1700 km s-1. The position-velocity distribution of the FMKs can be kinematically described as a shell 3. ′4 in radius expanding at a velocity of 1700 km s-1. Another feature apparent in the [O III] scans is an equatorial belt consisting of both a barlike structure at zero radial velocity and a clumpy, high-velocity ejecta component seen in projection along the line of sight. Portions of the zero-velocity bar are spatially well correlated with a similar structure seen in the Chandra X-ray image of G292.0+1.8. The bar is also detected in our Hα RFP images at zero radial velocity, providing further evidence that this structure is of circumstellar origin. We find that the optical and X-ray properties of the bar are consistent with incomplete (partially radiative) shocks in material of moderate densities. There are also a number of faint, elongated structures seen in Hα at zero radial velocity across the interior of G292.0+1.8 that lack [O III] and X-ray counterparts. These filaments may be low-density H I clouds photoionized by hard radiation from the interior of the remnant. Overall, these results suggest that G292.0+1.8 is currently interacting with a low-density environment. We find no evidence for high-velocity Hα or [N II] emission over the dynamical range sampled by the RFP. Assuming a distance of 6 kpc for G292.0+1.8, we estimate a kinematic age of (3000-3400)d6 yr for this remnant.
Investigating preferences for body size, and developing a program to modify distorted body size perception

7 Chapter 1: Introduction 8 1.1. The bias of attractiveness 8 1.2. Natural and Sexual Selection as an explanation for Physical Attractiveness 9 1.3. Cues to attractiveness 10 1.4. How to measure body fat? 11 1.4. 1. Body Mass Index (BMI): Pros & Cons 13 1.4. 2. Volume Height Index (VHI) 14 1.4. 3. Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) 15 1.4. 3.1. Waist Circumference (WC) & Waist Height Ratio (WHtR) 15 1.5. BMI as a cue to Attractiveness 17 1.6. WHR as a cue to Attractiveness 22 1.7. BWR as a cue to Attractiveness 25 1.8. Stability of Attractiveness Cues 25 1.8. 1. Media Influences 26 1.8. 2. Stress & the Environment 28 1.8. 3. Cross-cultural Differences in Preference for BMI & WHR 29 1.8. 4. Resource Scarcity & Hunger 31 1.9. Aims of Thesis 33 Chapter 2: The Effects of Hunger on Body Size perception: Psychological or Physiological? 2.
Skew Correction and Localisation of Number Plate Using Hough Rectangular Transform

Skew Correction and Number plate Localization is an imageprocessing technique used to identify a vehicle by its number plate. Technological intelligence is a highly sought after commodity even in traffic-based systems. These intelligent systems not only help in traffic monitoring but also in computer safety, law enforcement and commercial applications. The violations of traffic rules can also be detected based on the number plate localization technique. In this paper, a number plate localization system for vehicles is proposed. This system is developed based on digital images which are captured before hand. This technique can be easily applied to commercial car park systems for the use of documenting access of parking services, secure usage of parking houses and also to prevent car theft issues. There are several algorithms that can be used in order to detect the number plate in various formats such as Morphology, Thresholding (Adaptive thresholding), Hough transforms, Edge detection and Filtration techniques etc. The proposed license plate localization algorithm is based on a combination of several algorithms that include Thresholding, Edge Detection and Hough rectangular transforms. The process flow is, initially the skew is corrected and Thresholds are performed on a plain image. Then edge detection is applied to the obtained image and finally the Hough Rectangular Transform approach is applied to get the localized number plate from the digital image.
Effects of surface modification agents on the properties of MCM-41/EP nanocomposites

Mesoporous molecular sieve is one of the largest inorganic material systems widely applied for their huge superficial area and ordered mesoporous. Previous studies on the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM41/epoxy nanocomposite have shown that mesoporous addition evidently enhances mechanical properties. Literatures show that the interaction between the inner and outer surfaces of nanoporous and matrix is significant. In this paper, the surface modification agents KH550 and KH792 which grafted the channel wall and outer surfaces of MCM-41 were applied separately, and the in situ polymerization was used to prepare MCM-41/EP nanocomposite. Then, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed and power frequency dielectric property was examined to investigate the storage modulus (M'), glass transition temperatures (Tg) and breakdown filed strength of the composites. DMA results show that the M' and Tg values of KH550-modified composites were all higher than that of pure EP, whereas the M' and Tg of KH792 modified composite was almost similar to that of pure EP. The electric breakdown experimental results show that the field strength of composite was higher than that of pure epoxy. Finally, a new nanocomposite system was formed for KH550-modified composite.
Topology identification for sparse dynamic point process networks

The availability of high dimensional data in recent times is driving the development of more sophisticated statistical tools for analysis. This is especially true where the data are point processes. An extremely challenging yet important problem is the identification of causal relationships from network data or topology identification in networks involving point processes. This problem has received little attention in the literature until very recently. Here we discuss topology identification in a dynamic network of interacting Hawkes processes. Genomic data are analyzed to construct a transcriptional regulatory network in embryonic stem cells.
Chapter 1 Talking-face authentication

Numerous studies have exposed the limits of biometric ident ty verification based on a single modality (such as fingerprint, iris, handwritten si gnature, voice, face). The talking face modality, that includes both face recognition and speaker verification, is a natural choice for multimodal biometrics. Talking face s provide richer opportunities for verification than does any ordinary multimodal fu sion. The signal contains not only voice and image but also a third source of informatio n: the simultaneous dynamics of these features. Natural lip motion and the corre sponding speech signal are synchronized.