Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low overhead DFT using CDFG by modifying controller

A novel design-for-test (DFT) method that requires minor modifications to the controller in the register-transfer level (RTL) description of a circuit is presented. The control/data flow graph representation of an RTL circuit is used for analysing the testability of individual RTL operations within the RTL circuit. Using a non-scan arrangement, existing data paths are utilised to provide controllability and observability to RTL operations. Furthermore, additional data paths are introduced by altering the controller states or adding new transitions. This method considerably reduces the test application time by ignoring unnecessary control states in the test process. The proposed method is applied to behavioural and RTL benchmarks. The results show the effectiveness of this method when compared with some other DFT insertion methods.
FORMAL DESIGN AND TESTING OF ARMY COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS BASED ON ESTELLE

This paper describes the Estelle speci cation of MILSTD 188-220A [7] Intranet Layer as well as a methodology for generating test sequences for checking the conformance of a protocol implementation to its speci cation. The methodology for deriving test cases from Estelle speci cation, which serves as input to test generation techniques, is presented. A Chinese postman tour [1] is used to determine a minimum-cost tour of the transition graph for various transition types. Finally, the paper discusses several controllability and optimization issues that need to be addressed in test cases generation for intranet and datalink layers of MIL-STD 188-220A.
On the Young-Fibonacci insertion algorithm

This work is concerned with some properties of the Young-Fibonacci insertion algorithm and its relation with Fomin's growth diagrams. It also investigates a relation between the combinatorics of Young-Fibonacci tableaux and the study of Okada's algebra associated to the Young-Fibonacci lattice. The original algorithm was introduced by Roby and we redefine it in such a way that both the insertion and recording tableaux of any permutation are \emph{conveniently} interpreted as chains in the Young-Fibonacci lattice. A property of Killpatrick's evacuation is given a simpler proof, but this evacuation is no longer needed in making Roby's and Fomin's constructions coincide. We provide the set of Young-Fibonacci tableaux of size $n$ with a structure of graded poset, induced by the weak order on permutations of the symmetric group, and realized by transitive closure of elementary transformations on tableaux. We show that this poset gives a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients in the transition matrix from the analogue of complete symmetric functions to analogue of the Schur functions in Okada's algebra. We end with a quite similar observation for four posets on Young-tableaux studied by Taskin.
Fire Hazard Evaluation of a Simplified Cable in Research Reactor Control Room

Fire in NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants) may lead to radiation leakage accidents and subsequent environmental contaminations. Causes of the fire are categorized as electrical, oil, and others. In particular, possibility of the electrical fire was the highest cause in both USA and Korea [1]. Evaluations of fire hazard have been mainly performed for commercial NPPs. A control room in the reactor was an essential place to control safety systems under normal conditions, and there were many cables connected with various safety systems. If fire breaks out and/or affects these cables, operators may not take appropriate mitigation actions. In this paper, fire hazard evaluation is carried out for a typical cable in research reactor control room using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) [2]. Thereby, temperature and heat flux of the cable are estimated until operators’ reaction time. The results are compared with damage criteria, and integrity assessment results of the cable are discussed.
A Resource Reservation Algorithm for Power-Aware Scheduling of Periodic and Aperiodic Real-Time Tasks

Power consumption is an important issue in the design of real-time embedded systems. As many embedded systems are powered by batteries, the goal is to extend the autonomy of the system as much as possible. To reduce power consumption, modern processors can change their voltage and frequency at runtime. A power-aware scheduling algorithm can exploit this capability to reduce power consumption while preserving the timing constraints of real-time tasks. In this paper, we present GRUB-PA, a novel power-aware scheduling algorithm based on a resource reservation technique. In addition to providing temporal isolation and time guarantees and, unlike most of the power-aware algorithms proposed in the literature, GRUB-PA can efficiently handle systems consisting of both hard and soft, aperiodic, sporadic, and periodic tasks. We compared our algorithm with existing power-aware scheduling algorithms on an extensive set of simulation experiments on synthetic task sets. The results show that the performance of our algorithm is in line with the state-of-the-art power-aware algorithms. We also present the implementation of our algorithm in the Linux operating system and discuss practical implementation issues like switching overhead and power models. Finally, we show the results of experiments performed on a real testbed application
Multimode locomotion via SuperBot robots

This paper presents a modular and reconfigurable robot for multiple locomotion modes based on reconfigurable modules. Each mode consists of characteristics for the environment type, speed, turning-ability, energy-efficiency, and recover ability from failures. The paper demonstrates this solution by the Superbot robot that combines advantages from MTRAN, CONRO and others. Experimental results, both in real robots and in simulation, have shown the validity of the approach and demonstrated the movements of forward, backward, turn, sidewinder, maneuver, and travel on batteries up to 500 meters on a flat terrain. In physics-based simulation, Superbot can perform as snake, caterpillar, insect, spider, rolling track, H-walker, etc., and move 1.0 meter/second on flat terrain with less than 6 W/module, and climb slopes of no less 40 degrees
A Survey of User-centric Identity Management Technologies

Computing anytime anywhere is more and more the rule. In this ambient intelligent world, the choice of identity mechanisms will have a large impact on its social, cultural, business and political aspects. Privacy is a human need and the whole of society would suffer from its demise. Moreover, people have a hectic life and cannot spend their time administering their digital identities. In this paper, we survey how the requirements for identity management have evolved, and their associated technologies, with emphasis on the federated approaches and user-centricity.
Interorganizational system (IOS) Adoption Maturity: A model and propositions

Interorganizational systems (IOS) adoption requires cooperation and collaboration between trading partners and, therefore, is reliant on the nature of their relationships. There has been some research that examines the match between the d ifferent types of relationships and different types of IOS adoption and how IOS adoptio n moves from a simple system to a more sophisticated system. However, these studies do not precisely define the important constructs needed to understand this adoption progression, whi ch makes them difficult to be used for empirical research. This research introduces a new model, which is called “IOS Adoption Maturity” model, to explicitly illustrate how organ izations progress from one level of IOS adoption to the next level. Based on the previous s t dies, we define three important constructs (IO relationship intimacy, IOS sophistication and I OS adoption maturity) in the model. With this model, the dynamics of IOS adoption progressio n can be better examined empirically .
Insertions and deletions trigger adaptive walks in Drosophila proteins

Maps that relate all possible genotypes or phenotypes to fitness—fitness landscapes—are central to the evolution of life, but remain poorly known. An insertion or a deletion (indel) of one or several amino acids constitutes a substantial leap of a protein within the space of amino acid sequences, and it is unlikely that after such a leap the new sequence corresponds precisely to a fitness peak. Thus, one can expect an indel in the protein-coding sequence that gets fixed in a population to be followed by some number of adaptive amino acid substitutions, which move the new sequence towards a nearby fitness peak. Here, we study substitutions that occur after a frame-preserving indel in evolving proteins of Drosophila. An insertion triggers 1.03 ± 0.75 amino acid substitutions within the protein region centred at the site of insertion, and a deletion triggers 4.77 ± 1.03 substitutions within such a region. The difference between these values is probably owing to a higher fraction of effectively neutral insertions. Almost all of the triggered amino acid substitutions can be attributed to positive selection, and most of them occur relatively soon after the triggering indel and take place upstream of its site. A high fraction of substitutions that follow an indel occur at previously conserved sites, suggesting that an indel substantially changes selection that shapes the protein region around it. Thus, an indel is often followed by an adaptive walk of length that is in agreement with the theory of molecular adaptation.
Effects of Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement on Balance in Adults With Chronic Neurological Deficits Following Stroke: A Preliminary Study

The Feldenkrais Method is a complementary approach to motor learning that purports to induce change in chronic motor behaviors. This preliminary study describes the effects of a Feldenkrais program on balance and quality of life in individuals with chronic neurological deficits following stroke. Two male (48 and 53 years old) and 2 female participants (61 and 62 years old), 1 to 2.5 years poststroke, participated as a group in a 6-week Feldenkrais program. Pretest and posttest evaluations of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) were administered. Data were analyzed using aWilcoxon signed-rank test. DGI and BBS scores improved an average of 55.2% (p=.033) and 11% (p=.034), respectively. SIS percentage recovery improved 35%. Findings suggest that gains in functional mobility are possible for individuals with chronic stroke using Feldenkrais movement therapy in a group setting.
SiGe Circuits for Spread Spectrum Automotive Radar

This paper presents circuits in SiGe bipolar technology for spread spectrum automotive radar applications in the band from 77 to 81 GHz. They cover the transmit and receive paths. The transmitter integrates a voltage controlled oscillator, a prescaler by 64, a 10 bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR), and a biphase modulator. The system has been optimized in order to achieve a range resolution less than 12 cm and an unambiguous range of 124 m. The quadrature receiver frontend consists of a single-ended low-noise amplifier (LNA), balanced-to-unbalanced converters, two fully differential direct-conversion mixers, LO buffer amplifiers, and a branchline coupler for I/Q generation. The presented systems show that millimeter-wave circuits in SiGe technology can achieve high integration levels along with high performance. They are well suited for application in spread spectrum automotive radar systems.
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL BY SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG

The present research work was aimed at the enhancement of solubility of Candesartan by Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS). Candesartan is a BCS class II drug having low aqueous solubility and high permeability; hence its bioavailability is solubility rate limited. The saturated solubility of Candesartan in various oils and surfactants was determined. The excipients were screened and selected showing maximum solubility and compatibility for Candesartan. SEDDS formulations of Candesartan were developed using different Oils, Surfactants and Co-Surfactant combinations. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using Triplot V 4.1. 2 software and applying Pseudoternary phase diagrams, microemulsification area was evaluated. Formulations were prepared based on phase diagrams using various proportions of oil, surfactants and co-surfactants. The formulations were screened visually for stability and phase separation. Seven formulations were selected for further evaluations like effect of dilution, freeze-thawing, emulsion droplet size and zeta potential. Among the seven formulations three were optimized and filled in hard gelatin capsules. The in-vitro dissolution studies of the SEDDS formulation were performed and the dissolution rate of SEDDS was compared with plain Candesartan (API). The results indicated that the solubility and dissolution rate of Candesartan was significantly higher than that of plain drug (API). The results of the present studies demonstrate that SEDDS can be used as a potential means for improving solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of Candesartan. INTRODUCTION: Most of the new chemical entities (NCE) developed today are sparingly soluble in water and suffer with poor bioavailability. The properties of new chemical entities are shifting towards higher molecular weight and high lipophilicity resulting in poor aqueous solubility. Due to poor aqueous solubility, many drug candidates become unsuccessful to reach the market in spite of exhibiting potential pharmacodynamic activity. Further, poorly water soluble drugs are administered at much higher individual doses than actually desired to achieve necessary plasma levels. The therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of any drug depends upon the solubility of drug. Solubility of drug is one of the important parameter to achieve to attain the desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for the pharmacological response. Therefore, strategies to improve the aqueous solubility and the release rate of drugs are employed and are under constant investigation. Various formulation strategies have been reported to enhance the solubility of drugs, these includes, particle size reduction , pH adjustment , co-solvency ,
How the Brain Formulates Memory: A Spatio-Temporal Model Research Frontier

Memory is a complex process across different brain regions and a fundamental function for many cognitive behaviors. Emerging experimental results suggest that memories are represented by populations of neurons and organized in a categorical and hierarchical manner. However, it is still not clear how the neural mechanisms are emulated in computational models. In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal memory (STM) model using spiking neurons to explore the memory formulation and organization in the brain. Unlike previous approaches, this model employs temporal population codes as the neural representation of information and spiketiming-based learning methods to formulate the memory structure. It explicitly demonstrates that the complex spatio-temporal patterns are the internal neural representations of memory items. Two types of memory processes are analyzed and emulated: associative memory, i.e., spatio-temporal patterns driven by intra-assembly connections, and episodic memory, i.e., temporally separated spatio-temporal patterns linked by inter-assembly connections. Our model will provide a computational substrate based on lowlevel neural circuits for developing neuromorphic cognitive systems with wide applications.
Organizational identification in school psychological counselors: The role of psychological empowerment and self-efficacy beliefs

If the psychological counselors who work at schools feel themselves strong and sufficient, this will strengthen their bond with school environment and contribute to their identification with the school. In this research, it is aimed to determine the general self-efficacy, psychological empowerment and the perception of the organizational identification of the psychological counselors who work in schools and to see if the general self-efficacy and the psychological empowerment will predict the organizational identification. "Psychological Empowerment Scale", "General Self-Efficacy Scale" and "Organizational Identification Scale" are used to collect data. The data is collected by the 374 psychological counselors who work in the schools in İzmir. As a result of the research, the school psychological counselors' perception of general self-efficacy, psychological empowerment and organizational identification increased above average. In addition, moderate significant relation is found between variables. Nonetheless, the perception of general self-efficacy and psychological empowerment predict the organizational identification on a significant level.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetOkullarda görev yapan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının kendilerini psikolojik olarak güçlü ve yeterli hissetmeleri, okulları ile olan bağlarını kuvvetlendirerek özdeşleşmelerine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Araştırmada okullarda görev yapan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının genel öz-yeterlik, psikolojik güçlendirme ve örgütsel özdeşleme algılarını belirlemek ve genel öz-yeterlik ile psikolojik güçlendirme algılarının örgütsel özdeşlemeyi yordayıp yordamadığına bakılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için “Psikolojik Güçlendirme Ölçeği”, “Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” ve "Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. İzmir’deki okullarda çalışan 374 psikolojik danışmandan veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda okul psikolojik danışmanlarının genel öz-yeterlik, psikolojik güçlendirme ve örgütsel özdeşleşme algıları orta düzeyin üzerinde çıkmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca değişkenler arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca genel öz-yeterlik ve psikolojik güçlendirme algısı örgütsel özdeşleşmeyi anlamlı derecede yordamaktadır.
Revisiting students' privacy in computer supported learning systems

Computer supported learning systems are being deployed in many universities. There is a risk of students' privacy violations as students' personal data, usage data and assessment information are gathered. This issue gets even more complex as data is collected, processed and stored or transmitted over internetworked computing infrastructure. This article discusses aspects of privacy in the context of information systems used for educational purposes. Privacy issues in a learning management system (LMS) are considered, with a special focus on computer based solutions used in student involved assessment of handwritten work. The paper highlights privacy challenges when students have access to some of each other's data for collaborative learning purposes. It also suggests possible approaches to preserving privacy.
DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF CRANE PAYLOADS THAT BOUNCE AND PITCH DURING HOISTING

The natural sway of crane payloads is detrimental to safe and efficient operation. Most crane control research has focused on oscillation induced by motion of the overhead trolley that is perpendicular to the vertical suspension cables. Little consideration has been given to bouncing oscillation in the hoist direction and pitching oscillation with respect to mass center of the payload. These dynamic effects arise in cases when the suspension cables are very long. These oscillations may interfere with the ability of the crane operators to accurately unload the payload at its desired position and orientation. This paper presents a method for generating shaped commands that suppress payload oscillations of bouncing and pitching. Theoretical models are initially used to develop and evaluate the input-shaping control algorithm. Then, experiments performed on a portable tower crane are used to demonstrate the improved response provided by the proposed approach.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Wearable body and wireless inertial sensors for machine learning classification of gait for people with Friedreich's ataxia

The integration of wearable and wireless inertial body sensors with machine learning offers the capacity to diagnose neurological disorders involving gait. Clinical rating scales may be unable to offer precise measurement of gait dysfunction in Friedreich's ataxia compared to wearable body and inertial sensors. Using wireless inertial sensors mounted about the ankle joint of a person with Friedreich's ataxia, the accelerometer and gyroscope signal recordings can be wirelessly transmitted to a cloud computing resource for postprocessing, such as the development of a machine learning feature set. Machine learning can be applied to distinguish between the gait features of a person with Friedreich's ataxia and a person with healthy gait characteristics as a comparator through the application of a multilayer perceptron neural network. A considerable degree of classification accuracy for distinguishing between the gait feature set for the person with Friedreich's ataxia and healthy subject was achieved. The synthesis of wearable and wireless inertial body sensors with machine learning may offer the potential to enhance clinical diagnostic acuity and conceivably prognostic foresight.
Unique mechanistic features of post‐translational regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 in response to nitrogen availability

PII‐like signal transduction proteins are found in all three domains of life and have been shown to play key roles in the control of bacterial nitrogen assimilation. This communication reports the first target protein of an archaeal PII‐like protein, representing a novel PII receptor. The GlnK1 protein of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 interacts and forms stable complexes with glutamine synthetase (GlnA1). Complex formation with GlnK1 in the absence of metabolites inhibits the activity of GlnA1. On the other hand, the activity of this enzyme is directly stimulated by the effector molecule 2‐oxoglutarate. Moreover, 2‐oxoglutarate antagonized the inhibitory effects of GlnK1 on GlnA1 activity but did not prevent GlnK1/GlnA1 complex formation. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that besides the dominant effector molecule 2‐oxoglutarate, the nitrogen sensor GlnK1 allows finetuning control of the glutamine synthetase activity under changing nitrogen availabilities and propose the following model. (i) Under nitrogen limitation, increasing concentrations of 2‐oxoglutarate stimulate maximal GlnA1 activity and transform GlnA1 into an activated conformation, which prevents inhibition by GlnK1. (ii) Upon a shift to nitrogen sufficiency after a period of nitrogen limitation, GlnA1 activity is reduced by decreasing internal 2‐oxoglutarate concentrations through diminished direct activation and by GlnK1 inhibition.