Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Too little or too much are inadequate

DOI:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000055 Indirect calorimetry is the reference method to measure energy expenditure of in-patients and outpatients. Briefly, the continuous collection of inspiratory and expiratory gases allows the determination of O2 consumption and CO2 production. Then, the energy expenditure is calculated by using the energy value equivalent to the measured gas volumes [1]. The need for accurate determination of energy expenditure is increasing because of the rising prevalence of patients with clinical conditions associated with unpredictable variation of the ratio of body weight/energy expenditure. For example, very old individuals with reduced lean body mass and increased fat mass, have a reduced energy expenditure. Similarly, patients with cachexia related to cancer, anorexia nervosa, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic infectious, prolonged stay in the ICU, or those with reduced muscle activity, such as in case of extensive muscle paralysis or degenerative conditions (tetraplegia, paraplegia, and muscle sclerosis) or chronic neurological diseases, have a significant reduction of their energy expenditure, but of variable magnitude. On the contrary, young patients with severe trauma or burn, acute or chronic infection, or those with severe obesity have increased energy expenditure. A number of studies have shown that predictive formulae developed to predict energy expenditure of such patients are clinically not relevant. The principle flaw of these equations is that they are not able to correctly estimate the mass of metabolically active (i.e., lean) tissue. A related issue is that there is also a crucial lack of accurate and precise measurements of body composition that can be used at the bedside, so that the equations cannot be corrected. We, therefore, rely on predictive formulae for energy expenditure that are inaccurate in 30–40% of ICU patients [2]. When comparing these equations with measured values by indirect calorimetry, the difference varies from 40% below or above the physiological needs and results in underfeeding or overfeeding, both conditions that are associated with excess morbidity. Indeed, clinicians need to measure their patient’s energy expenditure to optimize the prescription of nutritional support and to thereby gain clinical benefit. This statement is supported by
How Metaphors Work: A Reply to Donald Davidson

1. -Perplexities about metaphors.1 To be able to produce and understand metaphorical statements is nothing much to boast about: these familiar skills, which children seem to acquire as they learn to talk, are perhaps no more remarkable than our ability to tell and to understand jokes. How odd then that it remains difficult to explain what we do (and should do) in grasping metaphorical statements. In a provocative paper, "What Metaphors Mean,"2 Donald Davidson has recently charged many students of metaphor, ancient and modern, with having committed a "central mistake. " According to him, there is "error and confusion" in claiming "that a metaphor has, in addition to its literal sense or meaning, another sense or meaning. " The guilty include "literary critics like Richards, Empson, and Winters; philosophers from Aristotle to Max Black; psychologists from Freud and earlier to Skinner and later; and linguists from Plato to Uriel Weinreich and George Lakoff. " Good company, if somewhat mixed. The error to be extirpated is the "idea that a metaphor has a special meaning" (p. 32). If Davidson is right, much that has been written about metaphor might well be consigned to the flames. Even if he proves to be wrong, his animadversions should provoke further consideration of the still problematic modus operandi of metaphor.
Effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil on oxidative stability of sunflower oil during accelerated storage

In this study, the application of various concentrations (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.08%) of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (EO) was examined on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil and compared to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) during storage at 60°C. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry analyses of the oils revealed that carvacrol (87.7%) was the major component of EO. Peroxide value and anisidine value measurements in sunflower oil showed that all concentrations of EO had antioxidant effects in comparison to BHA. Oil samples supplemented with EO concentration of 0.08% were the most stable during storage (p < 0.05). EO also was able to reduce the stable free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 31.5 ± 0.6 µg mL−1. Therefore, the results indicate that EO could be used as a natural antioxidant in food lipids.
Extraction of Index Words from Manuals

We describe and experimentally evaluate an automatic extraction method of index words from manuals. Enough number of high quality index words help us read and understand the contents of manual. In Japanese, majority of index words are compound nouns. Moreover we find several simple nouns that are parts of many compound nouns which are to be index words. Based on this phenomena, we propose the several functions which show how suitable compound nouns are as index words. Using one of these functions, we propose the method to extract index words, which optimizes Rijsbergen's E calculated from the recall and precision. Our result shows 0.712 of recall and 0.650 of precision for five Japanese manuals.
Multiscale Modeling of Head Disk Interface

Multiscale modeling opens a new paradigm by providing a novel methodology of establishing molecular design criteria and potentially gives several order of magnitude advances in nano-technology. The head disk interface in hard disk drive system investigated here can be used as a benchmark for multiscale modeling. Our approach, stemmed from novel middle-out approach in modern multiscale modeling, uses lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) as a base formulation marches towards continuum level (top) and molecular level (bottom). This approach will be an extremely valuable tool in generating design criteria of head/disk interface.
Détermination de classes de modalités de dégradation significatives pour le pronostic et la maintenance. (Determination of classes of significant deterioration modalities for prognosis and maintenance)

Les travaux presentes dans ce manuscrit traitent de la determination de classes de systemes selon leur mode de vieillissement dans l'objectif de prevenir une defaillance et de prendre une decision de maintenance. L’evolution du niveau de degradation observee sur un systeme peut etre modelisee par un processus stochastique parametre. Un modele usuellement utilise est le processus Gamma. On s’interesse au cas ou tous les systemes ne vieillissent pas identiquement et le mode de vieillissement est dependant du contexte d’utilisation des systemes ou des proprietes des systemes, appele ensemble de covariables. Il s’agit alors de regrouper les systemes vieillissant de facon analogue en tenant compte de la covariable et d’identifier les parametres du modele associe a chacune des classes.Dans un premier temps la problematique est explicitee avec notamment la definition des contraintes: increments d’instants d’observation irreguliers, nombre quelconque d’observations par chemin decrivant une evolution, prise en compte de la covariable. Ensuite des methodes sont proposees. Elles combinent un critere de vraisemblance dans l’espace des increments de mesure du niveau de degradation, et un critere de coherence dans l’espace de la covariable. Une technique de normalisation est introduite afin de controler l’importance de chacun de ces criteres. Des etudes experimentales sont effectuees pour illustrer l'efficacite des methodes proposees
Prevalence of Malassezia spp. in the ears of asymptomatic cattle and cattle with otitis in Brazil.

Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are lipophilic microorganisms that are saprophytes that can act as opportunistic pathogens in animals. Malassezia pachydermatis is commonly isolated from the ear canal and skin of healthy dogs, or in association with seborrheic dermatitis and otitis externa conditions. The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the ears of healthy bovines and bovines with otitis. Specimens (secretion or cerumen) were collected with sterile swabs, inoculated onto Mycosel medium, supplemented with olive oil, and incubated at 35 degrees C for 1 week. Yeasts were identified according to morphological characteristics, growth in Dixon medium at 32 degrees C and Sabouraud glucose medium modified by the addition of Tween 20, 40 or 80. The results showed that 54.7% of the cultures were positive in bovines with otitis (75) and 34.6% were positive in healthy bovines (378). Analysis of the positive cultures (41) from animals with otitis allowed presumptive identification of 24 strains corresponding to M. globosa (12), M. slooffiae (5), M. furfur (5) and M. sympodialis (2). Further studies on a larger number of animals may confirm the trend verified thus far, i.e. a higher frequency of isolation of Malassezia spp. from animals with otitis than from healthy animals (P<0.01) and a predominance of the species M. globosa.
Stage‐for‐stage comparison of definitive chemoradiotherapy, surgery alone and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) has been proposed as an alternative therapy for selected patients with oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of dCRT, surgery alone, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (CS) in patients with oesophageal cancer.
Software-Based Fault Tolerance: Towards New Advances for COTS-Based Embedded Systems

Embedded systems with high dependability requirements have to satisfy ever-growing demands for high computing performance, number of implemented features and cost-efficiency. This leads to a move to commercial off-the-shelf hardware components. At the same time, the number of faults in embedded systems increases due to shrinking hardware feature sizes and increasing software complexity. In order to create dependable software-intense systems, we propose reliability-aware software development to create systems with high inherent fault masking capabilities. Therefore, appropriate fault injection techniques for assessing the fault tolerance at various development stages are needed. Furthermore, we investigate in diverse compiling as a cost-efficient method to efficiently exploit redundancy. Finally, we propose to examine potential benefits of dynamic automated diversity techniques proposed to increase the security of systems, regarding their capabilities to increase the fault tolerance regarding commoncause faults in redundant systems.
Generation of whole-chromosome painting probes specific to each chicken macrochromosome

The realization of physical and genetic maps of the chicken genome is dependent on progress in cytogenetic knowledge of its karyotype. To help achieve this goal, we constructed amplified representative DNA samples of the chicken chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Z, W and of the terminal heterochromatin part of Zq by chromosome microdissection and DOP-PCR amplification. These chromosome DNA samples, which represent about 75% of the chicken genome, were used to generate whole chromosome painting probes for FISH. The direct application of these chromosome specific probes is dual FISH localization and characterization of panels of chicken interspecific somatic hybrids. We discuss some aspects of the chicken genome and its repeated sequences.
Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation training on prevention of post-stroke dementia : a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the difference in the prevention of cognitive impairment and the incidence of dementia in patients with initial stroke between comprehensive rehabilitation training (a combination of cognitive training, rehabilitation training and patient education) plus medical treatment and medical treatment alone. A total of 200 patients from April 2013 to April 2015 with initial onset of ischemic stroke were included. These patients were randomized into the experimental group (comprehensive rehabilitation training plus medical treatment) and control group (medical treatment alone) in a 1:1 ratio to receive treatment for 6 months and follow-up for 12 months. The proportion of patients with dementia, the changes from baseline of MMSE (Minimum Mental State Examination) and ADL (activities of daily living score) as well as the proportion of patients with anxiety and patient with depression were evaluated and compared between two groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with dementia between experimental group and control group at 3 months and 6 months. However, the proportion of patients with dementia in experimental group was significantly lower than control group at 12 months of follow-up (7.70% vs. 19.20%, P=0.041). The changes from baseline of MMSE (1.67±0.34, 95% CI: 1.59-1.75 vs. 5.22±0.31, 95% CI: 5.15-5.29, P<0.001) and ADL (2.73±0.20, 95% CI: 2.69-2.77 vs. 3.45±0.27, 95% CI: 3.39-3.51, P<0.001) in experimental group were significantly decreased when compared to control group at 12th months. In addition, the proportion of patients with anxiety in the experimental group was significantly lower than control group (24.70% vs. 44.60%, P=0.007); whereas no significant difference was observed in the proportion of patients with depression between experimental group and control group (43.20% vs. 45.80%, P=0.74). This study indicates that the comprehensive rehabilitation training reduces the incidence of post-stroke dementia as well as significantly prevents the cognitive function impairment, anxiety and improves activities of daily living in patients of stroke.
Supplemental Material for : Femtosecond X-ray scattering study of ultrafast photoinduced structural dynamics in solvated [ Co ( terpy ) 2 ]

Elisa Biasin,1 Tim Brandt van Driel,1 Kasper S. Kjær,1, 2, 3 Asmus O. Dohn,4 Morten Christensen,1 Tobias Harlang,2 Pavel Chabera,2 Yizhu Liu,2, 5 Jens Uhlig,2 Mátyás Pápai,4, 6 Zoltán Németh,6 Robert Hartsock,3 Winnie Liang,3 Jianxin Zhang,7 Roberto Alonso-Mori,8 Matthieu Chollet,8 James M. Glownia,8 Silke Nelson,8 Dimosthenis Sokaras,8 Tadesse A. Assefa,9 Alexander Britz,9 Andreas Galler,9 Wojciech Gawelda,9, 10 Christian Bressler,9 Kelly J. Gaffney,3 Henrik T. Lemke,8, 11 Klaus B. Møller,4 Martin M. Nielsen,1 Villy Sundström,2 György Vankó,6 Kenneth Wärnmark,5 Sophie E. Canton,12, 13 and Kristoffer Haldrup1 1Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 2Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. 3PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. 4Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 5Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden. 6Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. 7School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China 8LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. 9European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. 10Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland. 11SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. 12IFG Structural Dynamics of (Bio)chemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
ParallelSpaces: Simultaneous Exploration of Feature and Data for Hypothesis Generation

We present ParallelSpaces, a novel method to explore bipartite datasets in both feature and data dimensions. This dyadic data is displayed as weighted bipartite graphs using scatterplots in two separated visual spaces, where each entity is positioned according to multi-dimensional properties of each entity or similarity in preferences. Selecting or navigating in one space is reflected in the other space, so that organic visual patterns can be formed to facilitate the characterization of underlying groupings. To aid visual pattern recognition we also overlay a contour plot based on kernel density estimation. We have implemented two instantiations of ParallelSpaces for (a) movie preferences, and (b) business reviews as Web-based visualizations. To validate the method, we performed a qualitative user study involving eleven participants using these Web-based tools to explore data and collect deep insights.
Avian life‐history determinants of local extinction risk in a hyper‐fragmented neotropical forest landscape

The fact that species vary in their vulnerability to extinction is well documented, but the reasons for these differences remain poorly understood. Why should some species/families/guilds decline rapidly with increasing anthropogenic disturbance, while others either tolerate or proliferate in disturbed habitats? We investigated the bird species composition in 31 primary forest patches of varying size in a region of the Amazonian ‘Arc of Deforestation’ and assessed which species life‐history traits predisposed individual species to extinction. Medium‐sized non‐flocking canopy frugivores/ominvores of low primary forest dependence were least likely to go extinct in small patches, while small‐bodied flock‐following primary‐forest‐dependent terrestrial insectivores were most fragmentation sensitive. We found highly idiosyncratic relationships between the minimum size of forest patches occupied by different species and their territory size requirements estimated based on other Amazonian studies. This suggests that avian assemblages in forest fragments primarily comprise species that either have good dispersal abilities or are highly tolerant to the non‐forest matrix, rather than those whose minimum spatial requirements can be met by the size of available forest fragments.
Electron-Scattering Mechanisms in Heavily Doped Silicon Carbide MOSFET Inversion Layers

Hall-effect measurements of n-channel MOS devices were used to determine the main scattering mechanisms limiting mobility in SiC MOSFETs. MOS-gated Hall characterization, which was performed as a function of gate bias and body bias, indicates that surface-roughness scattering and Coulomb scattering are the main scattering mechanisms limiting electron mobility in SiC MOSFETs at room temperature. A charge-sheet model, including incomplete ionization and Fermi-Dirac statistics, is used to calculate the surface electric fields in order to develop an expression for surface-roughness scattering. In the samples used for this paper, at electron sheet densities less than 1.8times1012 cm-2, Coulomb scattering dominates, while surface roughness is dominant at higher sheet densities.
Integration of Remotely Sensed Images and Electromagnetic Models into a Bayesian Approach for Soil Moisture Content Retrieval: Methodology and Effect of Prior Information

Among these variables, soil moisture (SM) is one of the most requested ones [1]. This envi‐ ronmental variable is considered important to many ecological processes that occur on Earth's surface, from its relationship to climate events to its importance in terms of water availability for agricultural crops. In fact, it is considered an essential climate variable domain for the Global Earth Observation Climate (GCOS) [2]
Self-Esteem of Prisoners Committing Directly versus Indirectly Destructive Crimes

62 prisoners from a county jail and a state forensic hospital, having committed 12 types of crimes, were administered the Coopersmith Self-esteem Questionnaire and a biographical form. Self-esteem scores were compared across three classifications of destructiveness of criminal acts. A significant difference was found between self-esteem scores for those prisoners who were indirectly destructive to others and those prisoners who were directly destructive to others or to themselves. Also, prisoners who were on work release and/or in psychology classes tended to have higher self-esteem. No causality was inferred between the instruction in psychology and work-release programs and higher levels of prisoners' self-esteem.
Statistical optics

Learn and understand the statistical nature of optical fields via concepts like spatial and temporal coherence. The second-order coherency theory of optical fields is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of how optical instruments/systems such as interferometers and imaging systems measure optical fields and underlying information. Based on the concepts learnt in this class you will be able to analyze partial coherence in imaging systems (e.g. microscopes), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), stellar interferometry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Molecular Association of the Neural Adhesion Molecules L1 and N‐CAM in the Surface Membrane of Neuroblastoma Cells is Shown by Chemical Cross‐linking

The two neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N‐CAM could be shown to be associated in the surface membrane of cultured neuroblastoma cells by chemical cross‐linking with 3,3′‐dithiobis(sulphosuccinimidylpropionate) and subsequent immunopurification and precipitation using antibodies to L1 and N‐CAM. Glycoproteins recognized in neuroblastoma cells by antibodies to mouse liver membranes were not chemically cross‐linked to L1 or N‐CAM. These observations suggest that a molecular association between the two molecules may be the basis for their functional cooperativity (Kadmon et al., 1990a, b, J. Cell Biol., 110, 193–208; 209–218).
From Learning to Knowing: A Psychological–Neurological Approach to Explain the Human Capital Formation Process

By drawing on neurological and psychological theories of learning, our study introduces a new conceptual framework to analyze the role that learning plays in knowledge and skill acquisition. Learning is modelled through four mechanisms defined as individuals’ participation in formal, non-formal and informal learning as well as learning-by-doing. Our analysis demonstrates heterogeneity in how various learning mechanisms affect people’s overall stock of human capital. Additionally, the proposed analytical framework points to the existence of complementarity between the four learning forms and suggests that participation in all of them is needed to maximize the process of human capital formation. These propositions are tested empirically with the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey data (2003) utilizing a variety of statistical techniques. JEL: I21, J01, J24, J28, J88
A Digitally Intensive Transmitter/PA Using RF-PWM With Carrier Switching in 130 nm CMOS

A digitally intensive transmitter using RF pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) with a class-D power amplifier (PA) is described. The use of carrier switching for alleviating the dynamic range limitation that can be observed in classical RF-PWM implementations is introduced. The approach employs full carrier frequency for half of the amplitude range and the second harmonic of half of the carrier frequency, for the remainder of the amplitude range. This concept not only allows the transmitter to drive modulated signals with large peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) but also improves back-off efficiency due to reduced switching losses in the half carrier-frequency mode. A glitch-free phase selector is proposed that removes the deleterious glitches that can occur at the input data transitions. The phase-selector also prevents D flip-flop setup-and-hold time violations. The transmitter has been implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process. The measured peak output power and power-added-efficiency (PAE) are 25.6 dBm and 34%, respectively. While driving 802.11g 20 MHz 64-QAM OFDM signals, the average output power is 18.3 dBm and the PAE is 16% with an EVM of -25.5 dB.