Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Neuroleptic Dysphoria a Variant of Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Side Effects?

Objectives: Neuroleptic drugs induce psychological side effects such as dysphoria, cognitive impairment, and loss of motivation. These side effects were largely underrecognized and trivialized in the past as variants of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs). We review the recent literature on the subject and clarify the relation between neuroleptic-induced dysphoria and EPSEs. Methods: We critically examined clinical, interventional, neuroimaging, and basic science studies published in the past 10 years, delineating the temporal, phenomenological, biochemical, and neuroanatomical relation between dysphoria and EPSEs. Results: Subjective responses occur within 4 to 6 hours of neuroleptic use, whereas acute dystonia is often observed within 24 hours and parkinsonian syndrome after 5 to 7 days. Neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic blockade mediates both dysphoria and EPSEs. However, impaired dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens seems to give rise to dysphoria, whereas blockade of D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal system is responsible for EPSEs. Conclusion: The earlier notion that neuroleptic dysphoria is a variant of EPSEs was simplistic and speculative. Exploring the differences rather than dwelling on the similarities will likely enhance our understanding of dopamine's role in the origin of varied side effects and in their distinctive characteristics.
GNL3L Is a Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Shuttling Protein: Role in Cell Cycle Regulation

GNL3L is an evolutionarily conserved high molecular weight GTP binding nucleolar protein belonging to HSR1-MMR1 subfamily of GTPases. The present investigation reveals that GNL3L is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein and its export from the nucleus is sensitive to Leptomycin B. Deletion mutagenesis reveals that the C-terminal domain (amino acids 501–582) is necessary and sufficient for the export of GNL3L from the nucleus and the exchange of hydrophobic residues (M567, L570 and 572) within the C-terminal domain impairs this process. Results from the protein-protein interaction analysis indicate that GNL3L interaction with CRM1 is critical for its export from the nucleus. Ectopic expression of GNL3L leads to lesser accumulation of cells in the ‘G2/M’ phase of cell cycle whereas depletion of endogenous GNL3L results in ‘G2/M’ arrest. Interestingly, cell cycle analysis followed by BrdU labeling assay indicates that significantly increased DNA synthesis occurs in cells expressing nuclear export defective mutant (GNL3L∆NES) compared to the wild type or nuclear import defective GNL3L. Furthermore, increased hyperphosphorylation of Rb at Serine 780 and the upregulation of E2F1, cyclins A2 and E1 upon ectopic expression of GNL3L∆NES results in faster ‘S’ phase progression. Collectively, the present study provides evidence that GNL3L is exported from the nucleus in CRM1 dependent manner and the nuclear localization of GNL3L is important to promote ‘S’ phase progression during cell proliferation.
Murphy loves CI: Unfolding and improving constructive interference in WSNs

Constructive Interference (CI) phenomenon has been exploited by Glossy, a mechanism for low-latency and reliable network flooding and time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. Recently, CI has also been used for other applications such as data collection and multicasting in static and mobile WSNs. These applications base their working on the high reliability promised by Glossy regardless of the physical conditions of deployment, number of nodes in the network, and unreliable wireless channels that may be detrimental for CI. There are several works that study the working of CI, but they present inconsistent views. We study CI from a receiver's viewpoint, list factors that affect CI and also specify how and why they affect. We validate our arguments with results from extensive and rigorous experimentation in real-world settings. This paper presents comprehensive insights into CI phenomenon. With this understanding, we improve the performance of CI through an energy-efficient and distributed algorithm. We cause destructive interference on a designated byte to provide negative feedback. We leverage this to adapt transmission powers. Compared to Glossy, we achieve 25% lesser packet losses while using only half of its transmission power.
APD791, 3-Methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide, a Novel 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor Antagonist: Pharmacological Profile, Pharmacokinetics, Platelet Activity and Vascular Biology

We have evaluated the receptor pharmacology, antiplatelet activity, and vascular pharmacology of APD791 [3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide] a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist. APD791 displayed high-affinity binding to membranes (Ki = 4.9 nM) and functional inverse agonism of inositol phosphate accumulation (IC50 = 5.2 nM) in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the human 5-HT2A receptor. In competition binding assays, APD791 was greater than 2000-fold selective for the 5-HT2A receptor versus 5-HT2C and 5-HT2B receptors, and was inactive when tested against a wide panel of other G-protein-coupled receptors. APD791 inhibited 5-HT-mediated amplification of ADP-stimulated human and dog platelet aggregation (IC50 = 8.7 and 23.1 nM, respectively). Similar potency was observed for inhibition of 5-HT-stimulated DNA synthesis in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (IC50 = 13 nM) and 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction in rabbit aortic rings. Oral administration of APD791 to dogs resulted in acute (1-h) and subchronic (10-day) inhibition of 5-HT-mediated amplification of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation in whole blood. Two active metabolites, APD791-M1 and APD791-M2, were generated upon incubation of APD791 with human liver microsomes and were also indentified in dogs after oral administration of APD791. The affinity and selectivity profiles of both metabolites were similar to APD791. These results demonstrate that APD791 is an orally available, high-affinity 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with potent activity on platelets and vascular smooth muscle.
Rent Seekers vs. Producers in Cities: Contagious Housing Bubbles Force Housing Price Diffusion on Urban Overdevelopment

In recent years, housing booms have caused ghost town phenomena in many cities such as Dublin, Madrid, Dubai, etc. This paper derives a theoretical model to illustrate how activities of producers and rent seekers affect housing price booms in city centers and surrounding areas due to overdevelopment in urban growth. Because activities of producers and rent seekers are untraceable, we propose an innovative definition that housing fundamentals and bubbles are proxies for activities of producers and rent seekers respectively. We use data on the Taipei metropolitan area from 1973 to 2012 for empirical analysis. Our results show that housing price changes diffuse from the city center to the suburbs and that changes in the city center housing bubble cause price movements in the suburbs. The housing market acts as a reward system for rent seeking activities, thereby influencing investment incentives. Interestingly, the housing bubble size in the suburbs is larger than that in the city center, verifying the prediction in theory that activities of rent seekers contribute to the bubble contagion. Finally, the current vacancy rate in the suburbs is higher than that in the city center, suggesting that bubble contagion leads to overdevelopment, which then results in the appearance of so-called ghost areas.
Information as a construction

The purpose of this review paper is to outline the constructivist approach to the notion of information from two perspectives. The first perspective explores the role of ‘constructed’ information in the ‘constructivist niche’ – a common name for the appropriate viewpoints in different science fields, such as cognitive and neuroscience, psychology, cybernetics and biology of cognition. The second perspective considers library and information science (LIS) papers in which information is treated as a constructed entity. This paper assumed the origin of the notion of information to be a construction as defined in the ‘constructivist niche’ that is based upon communication theory and cybernetics. Conversely, the origin of the notion of information as a construction as per LIS can be found in Bateson’s definition of information as a ‘difference which makes the difference,‘ as well as in the 1970s LIS definition wherein information is associated with the direction of a cognitive viewpoint, as in a ‘cognitive turn’. The study showed that ‘information as a construction‘, except in a few cases, did not play a significant role in the constructivist theories nor in LIS. LIS researchers reduce the concept of information to a subjective, socially-constructed entity which inherently results in different interpretations.
On the consistency of AUC Optimization

AUC (area under ROC curve) is an important evaluation criterion, which has been popularly used in diverse learning tasks such as class-imbalance learning, cost-sensitive learning, learning to rank and information retrieval. Many learning approaches are developed to optimize AUC, whereas owing to its non-convexity and discontinuousness, almost all approaches work with surrogate loss functions. Therefore, the study on AUC consistency is crucial, and the previous study showed that classification calibration is necessary and sufficient f or the consistency of AUC. In this paper, we show that, for pairwise surrogate loss of AUC, minimizing the expected risk over the whole distribution is not equivalent to minimizing the conditional risk on each pair of instances. We disclose that classification calibration is necessary yet insufficient for AUC consistency, and provide a new sufficient condition for the asymptotic consistency of learning approaches based on surrogate loss functions. Based on this finding, we prove that exponential loss, logistic loss and distance-weighted loss are consistent with AUC. Then, we derive the q-norm hinge loss and general hinge loss that are consistent with AUC. We also derive the consistent bounds for exponential loss and logistic loss, and obtain the consistent bounds for many surrogate loss functions under the non-noise setting. Furthermore, we disclose an equivalence between the exponential surrogate loss of AUC and exponential surrogate loss of accuracy, and one straightforward consequence of such finding is that AdaBoost and RankBoost are equivalent.
Manipulation planning for the Atlas humanoid robot

Kinematic planning for performing manipulation tasks with an Atlas humanoid robot is presented. A hybrid analytic/numerical inverse kinematics approach is described, yielding fast solutions. The solution technique supports extensive exploration of manipulation strategies. Task-specific optimization metrics are introduced, leading to manipulation plans for three tasks: acquiring a horizontal cylinder, turning a valve, and turning a door handle.
Deriving Association between Urban and Rural Students Programming Skills

Data mining is used to extract the interesting patterns from databases or repositories. Frequent Pattern Tree is a technique for discovering association between the variables and finds the frequent patterns in the Students' dataset. The student's data set contains the demographic details, practical mark and theory mark. The chore is to determine the programming skill similarity between rural and urban students. This paper focuses on two mining approaches to discover the knowledge from the students' dataset such as (a) Identifying Frequent Patterns (b) Finding similarity between urban and rural students programming skill
New Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity of Model 5-Aryl-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles

A number of 5-aryl-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles 5a-f have been synthesized in good yields by the Suzuki coupling reaction between 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (3) and arylboronic acids 4a-f, aided by dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), K2CO3, and tetrabutylammonium bromide in water at 70-80 °C. Compounds 5a-f were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and MS spectral data. On the basis of in vitro screening data, 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (5f) exhibited potent lethal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis with IC50 = 1.47 µM/mL, a value lower by a factor of two than that of the standard drug, metronidazole. The boosted activity of 5f was not accompanied by any increased cytotoxicity. The rest of the series also exhibited potent antiparasitic activity with IC50 values in the 1.72-4.43 µM/mL range. The cytotoxicity of the derivatives 5c and 5e was increased compared to the precursor compound, metronidazole, although they remain non-cytotoxic at concentrations much higher than the antiparasitic concentration of the two derivatives.
Dynamic skin deformation with characteristic curves

By simulating motion and deformation of a set of 3D characteristic curves defining surfaces, we introduce a new skin deformation technique to animate skin deformation of character models. This technique consists of two parts, representation of characteristic curves and dynamic skin deformation. The first part is to extract characteristic curves of an existing model, that is a polygon model or a NURBS model, represent the characteristic curves with time‐dependent 3D trigonometric curves, and relate the surface points of the model to these trigonometric curves. The advantage of such a treatment is that it can transform an original 3D problem into a 2D problem, making it much quicker and easier to process and compute. In the second part, a vector‐valued dynamic fourth‐order differential equation is employed to govern the behaviour of the time‐dependent 3D trigonometric curves. These dynamic differential equations incorporate both the time component and the physical properties of the material, which are given by the user. Thus, the character model can be made to animate (deform) following the user‐specified behaviour parameters. Our experiments demonstrate that this technique is able to produce realistic skin deformations efficiently and avoid the undesirable skinning problems suffered by some existing skinning techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Networked VR system: kitchen layout design for customers

In this paper, we present our Virtual Reality (VI? ) technology application, a networked VR-supported design system of a kitchen layout. This networked VR system was developed on personal computers to allow customers to design at home. Whh the VR system, customers can have a pseudo-experience of their “virtual kitchen”, modify the design of the kitchen, and make decisions by being provided with a good idea of their potential purchase. The VR system will also play an important role in user interface in the House Design Advisory System. This system, which we are currently developing, will give advice on house design, as well as on kitchen layout design, according to the customers’ diversified lifestyles. Category: applications
Air traffic control using genetic search techniques

Genetic search techniques constitute an optimization methodology effective for solving discontinuous, non-convex, nonlinear, or non-analytic problems. This paper explores the application of such techniques to a non-analytic event-related air traffic control problem, that of runway assignment, sequencing and scheduling of arrival flights at an airport with multiple runways. Several genetic search formulations are developed and evaluated with a representative arrival traffic scenario. The results exemplify the importance of the selection of the chromosomal representation for a genetic search problem.
Extending Phase Reduction to Excitable Media: Theory and Applications

Phase reduction methods have been tremendously useful for understanding the dynamics of nonlinear oscillators, but have been difficult to extend to systems with a stable fixed point, such as an excitable system. Using the notion of isostables, which measure the time it takes for a given initial condition in phase space to approach a stable fixed point, we present a general method for isostable reduction for excitable systems. We also devise an adjoint method for calculating infinitesimal isostable response curves, which are analogous to infinitesimal phase response curves for oscillatory systems. Through isostable reduction, we are able to implement sophisticated control strategies in a high-dimensional model of cardiac activity for the termination of alternans, a precursor to cardiac fibrillation.
Access control enforcement in Named Data Networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) represents one of the major Information Centric Networking (ICN) candidates for future Internet architectures. It treats data as the central element and it leverages in-network caching. Access control is a fundamental security feature in this project. It limits data access to only authorized entities. However, it can no longer be tied to a content location or to a particular host, since multiple copies of a same data can reside in various network locations. Therefore, a data-oriented access control model must be adopted. In this paper, we propose an encryption-based access control scheme for NDN that allows encrypted content to freely reside anywhere in the network. This proposal represents an enhancement of the solution already implemented in the actual NDN prototype, CCNx. It is based on a new cryptographic model for access rights management and on an adaptation of the naming system. It mitigates identified attacks and it reduces the overhead cost.
Synthesis of Dimethyl-Substituted Polyviologen and Control of Charge Transport in Electrodes for High-Resolution Electrochromic Displays

Electrochromic (EC) polymers such as polyviologens have been attracting considerable attention as wet-processable electrodes for EC displays, thanks to their brilliant color change accompanied with reversible redox reactions. To establish wider usage, achieving multicolor and high-resolution characteristics is indispensable. In this paper, we demonstrated that the introduction of substituents such as methyl groups into bipyridine units changed the stereostructure of the cation radicals, and thus shifted the color (e.g., ordinary purple to blue). Also, by relaxing excessive π-stacking between the viologen moieties, the response rate was improved by a factor of more than 10. The controlled charge transport throughout the polyviologen layer gave rise to the fabrication of EC displays which are potentially suitable for the thin film transistor (TFT) substrate as the counter electrodes with submillimeter pixels. The findings can be versatilely used for the new design of polyviologens with enhanced electrochemical properties and high-resolution, multicolor EC displays.
Extraction of Dominant Extremal Structures in Volumetric Data Using Separatrix Persistence

Extremal lines and surfaces are features of a 3D scalar field where the scalar function becomes minimal or maximal with respect to a local neighborhood . These features are important in many applications, e.g. computer tomography, fluid dynamics, cell biology . We present a novel topological method to extract these features using discrete Morse theory. In particular, we extend the notion of ‘separatrix persistence’ from 2D to 3D, which gives us a robust estimation of the feature strength for extremal lines and surfaces. Not only does it allow us to determine the most important (parts of) extremal lines and surfaces, it also serves as a robust filtering measure of noise‐induced structures. Our purely combinatorial method does not require derivatives or any other numerical computations .
Robustness of systematic risk across time scales

In this paper we propose a new approach to estimating the systematic risk (the beta of an asset) in a capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The proposed method is based on a wavelet multiscaling approach that decomposes a given time series on a scale-by-scale basis. At each scale, the wavelet variance of the market return and the wavelet covariance between the market return and a portfolio are calculated to obtain an estimate of the portfolio’s beta. The empirical results show that the relationship between the return of a portfolio and its beta becomes stronger as the wavelet scale increases. Therefore, the predictions of the CAPM model are more relevant at mediumlong run as compared to short time horizons.
Toward Correctly Rounded Transcendentals

The Table Maker's Dilemma is the problem of always getting correctly rounded results when computing the elementary functions. After a brief presentation of this problem, we present new developments that have helped us to solve this problem for the double-precision exponential function in a small domain. These new results show that this problem can be solved, at least for the double-precision format, for the most usual functions.
Identified Serotonin-Releasing Neurons Induce Behavioral Quiescence and Suppress Mating in Drosophila

Animals show different levels of activity that are reflected in sensory responsiveness and endogenously generated behaviors. Biogenic amines have been determined to be causal factors for these states of arousal. It is well established that, in Drosophila, dopamine and octopamine promote increased arousal. However, little is known about factors that regulate arousal negatively and induce states of quiescence. Moreover, it remains unclear whether global, diffuse modulatory systems comprehensively affecting brain activity determine general states of arousal. Alternatively, individual aminergic neurons might selectively modulate the animals' activity in a distinct behavioral context. Here, we show that artificially activating large populations of serotonin-releasing neurons induces behavioral quiescence and inhibits feeding and mating. We systematically narrowed down a role of serotonin in inhibiting endogenously generated locomotor activity to neurons located in the posterior medial protocerebrum. We identified neurons of this cell cluster that suppress mating, but not feeding behavior. These results suggest that serotonin does not uniformly act as global, negative modulator of general arousal. Rather, distinct serotoninergic neurons can act as inhibitory modulators of specific behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT An animal's responsiveness to external stimuli and its various types of endogenously generated, motivated behavior are highly dynamic and change between states of high activity and states of low activity. It remains unclear whether these states are mediated by unitary modulatory systems globally affecting brain activity, or whether distinct neurons modulate specific neuronal circuits underlying particular types of behavior. Using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we find that activating large proportions of serotonin-releasing neurons induces behavioral quiescence. Moreover, distinct serotonin-releasing neurons that we genetically isolated and identified negatively affect aspects of mating behavior, but not food uptake. This demonstrates that individual serotoninergic neurons can modulate distinct types of behavior selectively.