Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AKAP150-dependent cooperative TRPV4 channel gating is central to endothelium-dependent vasodilation and is disrupted in hypertension

Local Ca2+ signaling at specialized regions of endothelial cell–smooth muscle contact is impaired in hypertension. Concentrating the Signal to Relax Regulation of blood flow involves both the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels and the surrounding smooth muscle cells, with impaired communication between these cell types leading to vascular dysfunction. Sonkusare et al. monitored endothelial cell calcium signals through single TRPV4 channels in arterial preparations from mice and found that these channels were more active at sites where the endothelial cells make intimate contact with the smooth muscle. Endothelial-dependent vasodilators, such as acetylcholine, activated TRPV4 channels only at these sites and required the colocalized scaffolding protein AKAP150. In a mouse model of hypertension, AKAP150 localization to these contact sites was lost, leading to lower TRPV4 channel activity, loss of agonist-induced activation of TRPV4 channels, and diminished vasodilation. Endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by a diminished response to endothelial cell–dependent vasodilators, is a hallmark of hypertension. TRPV4 channels play a major role in endothelial-dependent vasodilation, a function mediated by local Ca2+ influx through clusters of functionally coupled TRPV4 channels rather than by a global increase in endothelial cell Ca2+. We showed that stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on endothelial cells of mouse arteries exclusively activated TRPV4 channels that were localized at myoendothelial projections (MEPs), specialized regions of endothelial cells that contact smooth muscle cells. Muscarinic receptor–mediated activation of TRPV4 depended on protein kinase C (PKC) and the PKC-anchoring protein AKAP150, which was concentrated at MEPs. Cooperative opening of clustered TRPV4 channels specifically amplified Ca2+ influx at MEPs. Cooperativity of TRPV4 channels at non-MEP sites was much lower, and cooperativity at MEPs was greatly reduced by chelation of intracellular Ca2+ or AKAP150 knockout, suggesting that Ca2+ entering through adjacent channels underlies the AKAP150-dependent potentiation of TRPV4 activity. In a mouse model of angiotensin II–induced hypertension, MEP localization of AKAP150 was disrupted, muscarinic receptor stimulation did not activate TRPV4 channels, cooperativity among TRPV4 channels at MEPs was weaker, and vasodilation in response to muscarinic receptor stimulation was reduced. Thus, endothelial-dependent dilation of resistance arteries is enabled by MEP-localized AKAP150, which ensures the proximity of PKC to TRPV4 channels and the coupled channel gating necessary for efficient communication from endothelial to smooth muscle cells in arteries. Disruption of this molecular assembly may contribute to altered blood flow in hypertension.
A semantically significant visual representation for social image retrieval

Having effective methods to access the desired images is essential nowadays with the availability of a huge amount of digital images. We propose a higher-level visual representation that enhances the traditional part-based Bag of Visual Words (BOW) representation in two aspects. Firstly, we introduce a new multilayer semantic significance analysis (MSSA) model to select Semantically Significant Visual Words (SSVWs) from the classical visual words in order to overcome the noisiness of the feature quantization process. Secondly, we strengthen the discrimination power of SSVWs by constructing Semantically Significant Visual Phrases (SSVPs) from frequently co-occurring SSVWs in the same local context that are semantically coherent. Finally, the large-scale extensive experimental results show that the proposed higher-level visual representation outperforms the traditional part-based image representation in social image retrieval.
Face Recognition System and It's Application

The most immediate and quickest method of human-computer interaction, which is the trend of the development of robots, is interacting with robots with the expression of human beings. (To realize this function, a face recognition system is necessary.) A face recognition system includes several parts, such as face detection, skin color detection, image processing, and so on. Two main methods of face recognition are introduced in this paper: bi-linear interpolation and improved linear discriminant analysis. What is performed at the end of the paper is an experimental research and analysis of the influence that lighting changes have on recognition rate.
Temporal Patterns of Nitrogenase Gene (nifH) Expression in the Oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACT Dinitrogen (N2)-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) play important roles in ocean biogeochemistry and plankton productivity. In this study, we examined the presence and expression of specific planktonic nitrogenase genes (nifH) in the upper ocean (0 to 175 m) at Station ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Clone libraries constructed from reverse-transcribed PCR-amplified mRNA revealed six unique phylotypes. Five of the nifH phylotypes grouped with sequences from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, and one of the phylotypes clustered with γ-proteobacteria. The cyanobacterial nifH phylotypes retrieved included two sequence types that phylogenetically grouped with unicellular cyanobacteria (termed groups A and B), several sequences closely related (97 to 99%) to Trichodesmium spp. and Katagnymene spiralis, and two previously unreported phylotypes clustering with heterocyst-forming nifH cyanobacteria. Temporal patterns of nifH expression were evaluated using reverse-transcribed quantitative PCR amplification of nifH gene transcripts. The filamentous and presumed unicellular group A cyanobacterial phylotypes exhibited elevated nifH transcription during the day, while members of the group B (closely related to Crocosphaera watsonii) unicellular phylotype displayed greater nifH transcription at night. In situ nifH expression by all of the cyanobacterial phylotypes exhibited pronounced diel periodicity. The γ-proteobacterial phylotype had low transcript abundance and did not exhibit a clear diurnal periodicity in nifH expression. The temporal separation of nifH expression by the various phylotypes suggests that open ocean diazotrophic cyanobacteria have unique in situ physiological responses to daily fluctuations of light in the upper ocean.
Delay-tolerant vs. delay-constrained estimation of spatial random fields

In this paper, we design a number of encoding strategies suitable for the estimation of spatial random fields via wireless sensor networks. We address two cases of interest, namely, (i) delay-constrained applications, in which the observations collected in a particular timeslot must be immediately encoded and conveyed to the Fusion Center (FC); and (ii) delay-tolerant applications where the time horizon is enlarged to the observations collected in L consecutive timeslots. For the delay-tolerant case, we derive a closed-form expression of the number of observations to be allocated to each timeslot and the correspoding attainable distortion. Numerical results confirm that the distortion associated to delay-tolerant encoding strategies is substantially lower.
Spatial Audio and Reverberation Modeling using Hyperdimensional Digital Waveguide Meshes

Characteristics of digital waveguide meshes with more than three physical dimensions are studied. Especially, the properties of a 4-D mesh are analyzed and compared to waveguide structures of lower dimensionalities. The hypermesh produces a response with a dense and irregular modal pattern at high frequencies, which is beneficial in modeling the reverberation of rooms or musical instrument bodies. In addition, it offers a high degree of decorrelation between output points selected at different locations, which is advantageous for multi-channel reverberation. The frequency-dependent decay of the hypermesh response can be controlled using boundary filters introduced recently by one of the authors. Several hypermeshes can be effectively combined in a multirate system, in which each mesh produces reverberation on a finite frequency band. The paper presents three hypermesh application examples: a multi-channel reverberation algorithm, the modeling of the impulse response of a lecture hall, and the simulation of the response of a clavichord soundbox.
Data driven framework for degraded pogo pin detection in semiconductor manufacturing

Integrated Circuit (IC) product test in semiconductor manufacturing industry is commonly conducted through the socket pogo pins contacting with the IC products. The socket pogo pins can be degraded due to repeatedly plugging-into and pulling-out from the socket. Degradation in socket pogo pins will greatly affect the accuracy of final test in semiconductor manufacturing, which in turn results in economic and reputation losses of manufacturers. How to rapidly and accurately detect the degraded pogo pins is still unresolved. In addition, the very huge data produced by a large amount of tester machines will further bring difficulties into degradation detection of socket pogo pins. Focusing on those existing problems in semiconductor manufacturing, this paper proposed a data driven framework with adopting data mining techniques to tackle them. This framework transforms the test data generated by manufacturing machines into human readable format and then analyzes them by data mining techniques, which empowers the manufacturing engineers to automatically detect the degraded socket pogo pins from the test data. Extensive experimental studies with real data were carried out and the results show great application prospect of the proposed framework.
Comparing Health Promotion Programs in Public Dental Service of Vantaa, Finland: A Clinical Trial in 6–36-Month-Old Children

Objective. The study assessed whether the new family-based programs in health promotion or the training of dental professionals had an impact on the colonization of mutans streptococci (MS) in young children. Material and Methods. The participants were children born in 2008 and inhabitants of Vantaa aged 24–36 months. The families with first-born children were invited to a questionnaire study. Vantaa was categorized into three matching areas, which were randomly assigned to different programs. New counseling methods were trained. The routine program used earlier served as the control group. The children born in 2006 served as a historic control. The outcome measure was the presence of MS. Statistical method was logistic regression. Results. Colonization of MS was found only in few children born in 2006 or 2008; 15% and 11%, respectively. Within the 2008 birth cohort, the addition of parental counseling did not improve the routine program. Instead, the father's advanced level of education (P = 0.044) and the child's reported the use of xylitol at least three times a day (P = 0.014) associated with negative MS scores. Conclusions. The routine program and training of the professionals seem to reduce the proportion of children with MS more than adding parental self-care to oral health programs.
Validation of Grip Force Measurement Using Hand Rehabilitation Robot for Impedance Control

최근에 뇌졸중과 같은 신경학적 장애를 가진 사람들의 손 재활을 위한 손 재활로봇이 개발되었다. 메커니즘적인 면에서 볼 때, 이 로봇은 하나의 모터로 파지 운동(full grasping motion)을 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 손가락 고정부분을 길이 조절이 가능하게 설계하여 손 길이가 다양한 사람들이 사용할 수 있는 장점을 가졌다. 하지만 앞서 언급한 장점들에도 불구하고, 임피던스 제어를 위해서 필요한 힘/토크센서에서 측정되는 힘에 대한 검증이 이루어지지 않았다. 실제, 임피던스 컨트롤이 적용된 상태에서는 손 재활 운동 중에 손의 직접적인 힘을 알아내야 한다. 따라서, 개발된 손재활로봇에 임피던스 제어를 적용하기 위해서는 손 힘의 신뢰성을 검증할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 새롭게 개발된 손 재활로봇의 정역학 분석을 통해 로봇 끝 단(end-point) 에 가해진 힘과 그로 인해 발생되는 토크 값의 관계를 규명하여 향후 임피던스 제어 구현을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 ForceEffect™ 를 이용하여 로봇 끝 단에 가해진 힘과 그 때 발생되는 토크 간의 관계를 얻을 수 있었다. 분석 결과를 검증하기 위해 시뮬레이션 조건과 동일한 조건에서 실험을 실시하여 얻은 결과를 분석 결과값과 비교한 결과, 토크 값은 손 MP관절의 각도와 가하는 힘의 크기와 비례관계를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 손 MP관절이 0도일 경우를 제외한 나머지 30도와 60도에서 분석 결과와 실험 결과 값이 높은 선형성을 보였다. 따라서, 이 선형 방정식을 통해서, 측정되는 토크 값으로부터 사람 손의 힘을 역으로 유추해 낼 수 있고, 손 재활로봇을 이용한 임피던스 제어 구현을 위한 기반을 확립하였다. ⓒ 2015 DGIST
Si ISOTOPE HOMOGENEITY OF THE SOLAR NEBULA

The presence or absence of variations in the mass-independent abundances of Si isotopes in bulk meteorites provides important clues concerning the evolution of the early solar system. No Si isotopic anomalies have been found within the level of analytical precision of 15 ppm in 29Si/28Si across a wide range of inner solar system materials, including terrestrial basalts, chondrites, and achondrites. A possible exception is the angrites, which may exhibit small excesses of 29Si. However, the general absence of anomalies suggests that primitive meteorites and differentiated planetesimals formed in a reservoir that was isotopically homogenous with respect to Si. Furthermore, the lack of resolvable anomalies in the calcium–aluminum-rich inclusion measured here suggests that any nucleosynthetic anomalies in Si isotopes were erased through mixing in the solar nebula prior to the formation of refractory solids. The homogeneity exhibited by Si isotopes may have implications for the distribution of Mg isotopes in the solar nebula. Based on supernova nucleosynthetic yield calculations, the expected magnitude of heavy-isotope overabundance is larger for Si than for Mg, suggesting that any potential Mg heterogeneity, if present, exists below the 15 ppm level.
Long-range recruitment of Martinotti cells causes surround suppression and promotes saliency in an attractor network model

Although the importance of long-range connections for cortical information processing has been acknowledged for a long time, most studies focused on the long-range interactions between excitatory cortical neurons. Inhibitory interneurons play an important role in cortical computation and have thus far been studied mainly with respect to their local synaptic interactions within the cortical microcircuitry. A recent study showed that long-range excitatory connections onto Martinotti cells (MC) mediate surround suppression. Here we have extended our previously reported attractor network of pyramidal cells (PC) and MC by introducing long-range connections targeting MC. We have demonstrated how the network with Martinotti cell-mediated long-range inhibition gives rise to surround suppression and also promotes saliency of locations at which simple non-uniformities in the stimulus field are introduced. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the presynaptic dynamics of MC is only ancillary to its orientation tuning property in enabling the network with saliency detection. Lastly, we have also implemented a disinhibitory pathway mediated by another interneuron type (VIP interneurons), which inhibits MC and abolishes surround suppression.
Back-Tracing over Distributed Persistent Storage Without Transactions

Orthogonally persistent automatic storage management provides a useful abstraction over stable secondary storage, in contrast to manual storage management which is complex, error-prone and tedious. The provision of the persistence abstraction over a cluster of storage nodes provides this abstraction in conjunction with mainframe-level aggregate IO performance, necessary for the support of high performance physical simulation algorithms. A distributed persistent garbage collector should exhibit the properties of safety, completeness and scalability in the face of distributed cycles of garbage. Of the few extant distributed secondary storage garbage collectors, even fewer still exhibit any of these properties beyond safety. The aim of this research is to make detailed a comparison between two collectors believed to be both safe complete and scalable; to make such a comparison requires that both collectors be implemented in the same context. This paper describes the transformation of an existing distributed garbage collector based on backtracing and transactions to a form where it does not depend on transactions for safety or completeness, without adversely affecting safety or com-
Performance analysis of random access multi-user MIMO wireless LANs

A multi-antenna access point (AP) can transmit or receive data simultaneously from multiple clients, however, this multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) capability is underutilized in conventional 802.11 wireless LANs (WLANs). To address this problem, researchers have recently developed a CSMA/CA-based MAC protocol that supports concurrent transmissions from different transmitters. In this paper we propose an analytical model to investigate the throughput performance of this CSMA/CA-based MAC protocol operating in a MU-MIMO WLAN. Comparisons with simulation results show that our analytical model provides a close estimation of the network throughput. Based on this model, we analyze the throughput performance with respect to different network parameters. Specifically, we show that: 1) the optimal backoff window sizes can be designed to achieve the maximum throughput; 2) there exists a threshold for the number of antennas at the AP, above which the network throughput will no longer increase even if we add more antennas at the AP.
NASH EQUILIBRIUM WITH MARKUP-PRICING OLIGOPOLISTS

NASH EQUILIBRIUM WITH MARKUP-PRICING OLIGOPOLISTS. Simon Grant Economics Program RSSS, ANU Canberra 0200, Australia John Quiggin Centre for Economic Policy Research RSSS, ANU Canberra 0200, Australia Grant, S. and Quiggin, J. (1994), ‘Nash equilibrium with markup-pricing oligopolists’, Economics Letters 45, 245—51. If business managers formulate strategies in terms of mark-ups, then it is natural to think they will think of their rivals’ actions in these terms. For a market characterized by constant elasticity of demand and supply, the mark-up equilibrium is derived and compared with the traditional monopoly, Cournot and perfectly competitive equilibria. We also compute the ‘revenue as strategy’ equilibria. JEL Classi cation: L10, L13 Economist: As a pro t-maximizing manager, you set price equal to marginal cost. Manager: I have no idea what marginal cost is. I just set my price by adding a markup to my average costs. I don’t worry about maximizing anything. Economist: But what happens if demand for your product weakens ? Manager: I shade my markup down. Economist (scenting victory): And what if demand goes up ? Manager (checking that no consumer advocates are within earshot): I boost my margins a bit. Economist: Aha ! So you do maximize pro ts, after all ! This scene, or something like it, has been played out many times since Hall and Hitch rst interviewed businessmen and found that most of them claimed to follow some form of mark-up pricing. This discovery ignited a erce methodological debate. Friedman (1953) invoked the metaphor of the expert billiards player, implicitly solving complex di erential equations, to argue that businessmen could behave as pro tmaximizers even if they thought in terms of rule-of-thumb markups. 1
PageRank of integers

We up a directed network tracing links from a given integer to its divisors and analyze the properties of the Google matrix of this network. The PageRank vector of this matrix is computed numerically and it is shown that its probability is approximately inversely proportional to the PageRank index thus being similar to the Zipf law and the dependence established for the World Wide Web. The spectrum of the Google matrix of integers is characterized by a large gap and a relatively small number of nonzero eigenvalues. A simple semi-analytical expression for the PageRank of integers is derived that allows us to find this vector for matrices of billion size. This network provides a new PageRank order of integers.
EWA - an adaptive algorithm using watermarks for energy saving in IP-over-WDM networks

We propose an adaptive algorithm, the Energy Watermark Algorithm (EWA), to reduce the power consumption of Internet Protocol (IP)-over-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. After presenting a network model and a detailed description of the EWA, we perform a sensitivity analysis and evaluate the performance of the algorithm considering real network scenarios. We show that the EWA can effectively switch off network devices, while limiting the costs of reconfiguration in the network.
A Robust Kalman Filter Based Sensorless Vector Control of PMSM with LMS Fuzzy Technique

In this paper a fuzzy logic technique optimized with Least mean square (LMS) algorithm is used for the vector control of Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). It is made sensorless by the use of Extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm which estimates the speed, rotor position ,direct and quadrature axis current of PMSM. Unlike in the previous approaches the present work uses only the sensed line currents as measurements, and thus following a blind system identification approach. The Least mean square algorithm incorporated along with fuzzy inference, optimizes the weights used for combining the rules, which in turn makes the controller more efficient. The results show the improvement in control algorithm when LMS technique is incorporated with fuzzy decision process. The Lyapunov exponent calculated on the phase plane generated by direct axis current, quadrature axis current and motor speed, shows that the system is always asymptotically stable.
Face Tracking Active Vision System with Saccadic and Smooth Pursuit

- People detection and tracking is very important and fundamental functionality in surveillance and human-robot interaction. This paper presents a robotic vision module with rapid eye movements for fast face tracking. Face tracking is initiated by robust face detection followed with color histogram-based matching and linear prediction of face position. Rapid and smooth eye movements (i.e. panning and tilting) are embodied by linear and hybrid (i.e. velocity-based FF + position based FB) control scheme as well as powerful yet widely used DC motor. Experimental results demonstrated ultra-fast and extremely smooth pursuit of moving face, at 6 deg/40 ms (approximately 10 m/sec at the distance of 3 m), with abrupt change in motion direction (e.g., jumping), with sustained robustness to the change of pose (e.g., from frontal face to nearly back of head).
Reliable Multicast Mechanism in WLAN with Extended Implicit MAC Acknowledgment

In this paper, we study reliable multicast at the MAC layer for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. In IEEE 802.11, multicast protocol is based on the basic access procedure of carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). This protocol does not provide any recovery mechanism for multicast frames. As a result, transmitted multicast frames may be lost due to collisions or errors. Recently, several reliable multicast protocols at MAC layer have been proposed for 802.11, and they can be classified into two categories: one is based on negative feedback (NFB-based) and the other is based on positive feedback (PFB-based). We first analyze the problems with existing reliable multicast MAC protocols and then propose a novel PFB-based scheme: "Extended Implicit MAC Acknowledgment (EIA)". With EIA, ACK packets are eliminated and collisions of CTS frames are avoided. Since ACK packets account for nearly one-third of the total control overhead, we argue that such a scheme can be beneficial. Simulation results, using the OPNET, confirm that the improvements are encouraging.