Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of ovariectomy on rat vaginal tissue contractility and histomorphology.

INTRODUCTION Ovarian hormones have an important role in age-related genital arousal disorders; however, our knowledge regarding possible vaginal wall morphology and contractility changes in low-hormonal states is limited. AIMS To investigate morphological and functional alterations in the vaginal tissue in a rat ovariectomy model and to show the differences between proximal and distal vagina. METHODS Six weeks following ovariectomy, vaginal tissues were examined under light and electron microscopy. Circularly cut distal and proximal tissues were studied in the organ bath under isometric tension and compared with age-matched controls. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), phenylephrine, carbachol, and the effects of alpha-1 and alpha-2 blockade on EFS-induced contractility were investigated. Relaxation responses to EFS and vardenafil were investigated in precontracted strips. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences between control and ovariectomy groups in terms of vaginal tissue contractility and histomorphological properties. RESULTS Distal vagina showed different epithelial characteristics and a better-developed muscularis compared with proximal vagina. Ovariectomy caused thinning of the epithelium, severe degeneration in epithelial architecture, and smooth muscle atrophy. Contraction and relaxation responses of distal strips were significantly lower in ovariectomized rats. Contractile responses to neuropharmacological stimulation were insignificant in proximal strips of both groups. EFS-induced contractions in distal strips diminished significantly after alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic blockade. EFS caused frequency-dependent relaxation responses in precontracted distal strips, which were significantly decreased after nitric oxide synthase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Ovariectomy causes significant alteration in rat vaginal tissue morphology and contractility. Contraction and relaxation responses of distal vagina are significantly greater compared with morphologically distinct proximal vagina. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors are the main mediators of contraction in distal rat vaginal tissue whereas nitric oxide pathway may have at least a partial role in relaxation. Main mediators of the rat vaginal tissue relaxation and the effect of ovariectomy on this regulation are yet to be defined.
Spontaneous superior gluteal artery ruptures in patient with nephritic syndrome during Dalteparin treatment. A case report

Superior gluteal artery (SGA) injury is a rare but well-known complication of blunt trauma usually associated with pelvic and acetabular fractures. Spontaneous SGA rupture has been rarely noted. We present the case of a 78 years old man with nephrotic syndrome who developed a spontaneous SGA rupture leading to a severe buttock hematoma while he was in treatment with dalteparin. Dalteparin was discontinuated. The bleeding was stopped by selective angiographic embolization. Two units packed red blood cells transfusion was given. The patient medical status improved in one month. We reviewed the literature to identify the possible risk factors of bleeding. The results of this case, together with published literature demonstrate that even if the dalteparin is a safe medication, it should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, especially in advanced age. We wish to increase attention of the possibility of this kind of clinical problem and urge close monitoring for any unusual bleeding complications, particularly in the aged patient with renal insufficiency during dalteparin treatment.
The effectiveness of a modified version of the Wilkinson questionnaire in screening for TIA and minor stroke in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and minor strokes are important to diagnose as there are effective secondary preventive interventions. Significant under-reporting by patients occurs, but general practitioners tend to over-diagnose the condition, contributing in part to long clinic waiting lists. An accurate screening test could address both these problems. METHODS A modified version of a questionnaire designed to detect TIA was tested against the gold standard of specialist diagnosis in two vascular outpatient clinics in Leicester, UK. RESULTS The questionnaire was sent by post with the clinic appointment and completed by 136 participants. In 99 cases the same questionnaire was administered by a clinic nurse. Overall levels of agreement (kappa, 95% CI) with specialist diagnosis of TIA, stroke or neither were 0.32 (0.15, 0.48) and 0.31 (0.12, 0.50) for postal and administered questionnaires, respectively. When the diagnoses of TIA and stroke were combined, agreement rose to 0.38 (0.23, 0.53) for postal and 0.38 (0.20, 0.57) for administered versions. For this outcome, the postal version had a sensitivity of 0.56 (0.43, 0.68) and specificity of 0.81 (0.71, 0.90). Equivalent figures for administered questionnaires were 0.61 (0.46, 0.76) and 0.76 (0.63, 0.87). CONCLUSION The questionnaire has potential in prioritising outpatient referrals but is not sufficiently specific to be used for research or population screening.
Acute White Matter Differences in the Fornix Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

The integrity of the fornix using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adolescent participants with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) compared to a demographically matched control group was examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix was elevated in the mild traumatic brain injured group. Performance on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was lower in the group with mTBI. A relation was found between lower performance on cognitive tasks and higher FA. The potential role of fornix injury as a basis of memory and processing speed deficits in mTBI is discussed.
Energy consumption and economic growth in Egypt: A disaggregated causality analysis with structural breaks

After the 2011 revolution, Egypt has experienced frequent electricity blackouts and a severe shortage of energy supplies. The government responded to the problem by reduc-ing the subsidy on energy for heavy industries, and household electricity use. Also, the government planned to introduce a smart card system that entails a certain quota of fuel for each registered car per month. It appeared to the public that the Egyptian government is attempting to adopt an energy conservation policy, to ration energy consumption and manage the deficit in energy supplies. Given that energy is an essential input for many economic activities, there is a concern that a reduction in energy consumption may damp-en the growth potentials of the Egyptian economy. This paper investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Egypt during the peri-od 1980-2012, within a multivariate framework by including measures for capital and labor in the aggregate production function. Causality is tested using a modified version of the Granger causality test due to Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The analyses endogenously control for potential structural breaks in the time series when conducting the unit root tests. In addition to aggregate energy consumption, the analysis is also segregated by different components of energy use, including oil, electricity, natural gas, and coal to ac-count for any potential aggregation bias. Results show no causal relationship between total primary energy consumption and economic growth, supporting the neutrality hypothesis. When the analysis is stratified by energy type, a one-way positive causal relation running from economic growth to electricity and oil consumption is found which is consistent with the conservation hypothesis. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence that energy conservation policy has no negative effect on the growth prospects of the Egyptian economy in the long-run.
How restrictive laws affect the framing of the issues of corruption in Sudan

This study aims at identifying how the restrictive laws affect the Sudanese newspapers’ framing of the issues of corruption in Sudan. Therefore, the present study adopted a qualitative research method using in-depth interviews to adequately probe the perceptions of the Sudanese journalists and editors and explore how the restrictive laws affect the Sudanese newspapers’ in framing the issues of corruption in Sudan. A purposeful sampling was adopted in selecting 20 Sudanese journalists across both governmental and private newspapers operating in Sudan. In order to achieve clearer understandings of the journalists’ perspectives, the study adequately supported each theme with models generated by means of employing NVivo 8 software. The findings revealed that the Legislation is one of the key elements of the development of press industry by the Sudanese government through parliament to ensure press freedom. In addition, the Sudanese journalists indicate that the corporate ownership as well as market contexts are significant in determining the quality of information presented in the newspapers’ political news coverage. Hence, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the newspaper ownership and the diversity of contents in newspapers. Consequently, there are negative effects of restrictive laws on the development of the Sudanese press industry in Sudan. Hence, the study calls for more attention towards the legislations in Sudan to insure the press freedom and the good work environment for journalists to carry out their role in raising the Sudanese citizens’ awareness.
A Novel Recommendation System to Match College Events and Groups to Students

With the recent increase in data online, discovering meaningful opportunities can be time-consuming and complicated for many individuals. To overcome this data overload challenge, we present a novel text-content-based recommender system as a valuable tool to predict user interests. To that end, we develop a specific procedure to create user models and item feature-vectors, where items are described in free text. The user model is generated by soliciting from a user a few keywords and expanding those keywords into a list of weighted near-synonyms. The item feature-vectors are generated from the textual descriptions of the items, using modified tf-idf values of the users’ keywords and their near-synonyms. Once the users are modeled and the items are abstracted into feature vectors, the system returns the maximum-similarity items as recommendations to that user. Our experimental evaluation shows that our method of creating the user models and item feature-vectors resulted in higher precision and accuracy in comparison to well-known feature-vector-generating methods like Glove and Word2Vec. It also shows that stemming and the use of a modified version of tf-idf increase the accuracy and precision by 2% and 3%, respectively, compared to non-stemming and the standard tf-idf definition. Moreover, the evaluation results show that updating the user model from usage histories improves the precision and accuracy of the system. This recommender system has been developed as part of the Agnes application, which runs on iOS and Android platforms and is accessible through the Agnes website.
Mapping responsible learning analytics: a critical proposal

In this chapter, we examine the notion of responsible learning analytics. Such an approach requires institutions to take an answerable and response-able approach to using student data. Learning analytics, like all educational technology, is shaped by a range of social, political, economic and cultural agendas. As such, this chapter argues that ethical and responsible learning analytics is central to a consideration of each of the eight dimensions of Khan’s e-learning framework (Khan, 2010). The chapter concludes by suggesting a number of pointers for higher education institutions to ensure the adoption of a responsible and responsive approach to learning analytics.
A History of the Arab Peoples

This text covers not only political history, but also culture, society, economy and thought. A distillation of the late Albert Hourani's lifetime of scholarship, it was a bestseller when first published in 1991. This edition includes such recent events as the ongoing crisis in Iraq, the civil war in Algeria and the aftermath of September 11th.
A 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS Image Sensor With Phase-Delay-Counting and Oversampling Dual-Slope Integrating Column ADCs Achieving $1{\text {e}}^{-}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ Noise at 3.8- $\mu \text{s}$ Conversion Time

A CMOS image sensor (CIS) is presented, simultaneously achieving low noise and high frame rate. The imager innovatively employs column-parallel dual-slope (DS) integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) based on a phase-delay-counting principle and using oversampling to suppress the readout thermal noise. A noise analysis of the DS-integrating ADC in correlated-double-sampling operation is provided to prove the low-noise advantage of the proposed architecture. Furthermore, the design considerations of the presented architecture are derived based on the analysis of nonideality effects. Based on these analytical results, design tradeoffs are discussed and applied in the test chip. The test chip, fabricated in a 4M1P 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CIS technology, contains a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$128 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel array. The measurement results show that each of the 128 column-level ADCs converts a pixel in 3.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and achieves a noise floor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\text {e}^{-}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The chip consumes 49 mW excluding the I/O power and 59 mW including the I/O power, resulting in a very good figure of merit value of 1.4 and 1.7 [e<sup>−</sup>. nJ], respectively.
Multiple Imputation Approaches for the Analysis of Dichotomized Responses in Longitudinal Studies with Missing Data

Summary Often a binary variable is generated by dichotomizing an underlying continuous variable measured at a specific time point according to a prespecified threshold value. In the event that the underlying continuous measurements are from a longitudinal study, one can use the repeated‐measures model to impute missing data on responder status as a result of subject dropout and apply the logistic regression model on the observed or otherwise imputed responder status. Standard Bayesian multiple imputation techniques ( Rubin, 1987 , in Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys) that draw the parameters for the imputation model from the posterior distribution and construct the variance of parameter estimates for the analysis model as a combination of within‐ and between‐imputation variances are found to be conservative. The frequentist multiple imputation approach that fixes the parameters for the imputation model at the maximum likelihood estimates and construct the variance of parameter estimates for the analysis model using the results of Robins and Wang (2000, Biometrika 87, 113–124) is shown to be more efficient. We propose to apply ( Kenward and Roger, 1997 , Biometrics 53, 983–997) degrees of freedom to account for the uncertainty associated with variance–covariance parameter estimates for the repeated measures model.
ZnO based charge trapping memory with embedded nanoparticles

A thin film ZnO charge trapping memory cell with embedded nanoparticles is demonstrated by Physics Based TCAD simulation. The results show 3V increase in the Vt shift due to the nanoparticles for the same operating voltage. In addition a ~6V reduction in the programming voltage is obtained due the nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of the trapping layer and tunnel oxide scaling on the 10 year retention time is studied.
The Role of African Americans in the Executive Labor Market: The Case of Head Coaching in College Basketball

In this paper, we examine how the number of African American and White American coaches in college basketball evolved since 1947. Particularly, we focus on 1973 when the league split up. The separation created asymmetric regulatory requirements. This led to a significant difference in the number of African American coaches. The evidence suggests that less regulated institutions employ fewer African American coaches. The results are time consistent, not clustered geographically, and unrelated to specific institutions. Our results have policy implications for college sports as well as other industries which have similar working conditions.
Block Krylov Recycling Algorithms for FETI-2LM Applied to 3-D Electromagnetic Wave Scattering and Radiation

To solve multisource electromagnetic problems, a new way of using Krylov type iterative algorithms is presented to improve the finite-element tearing and interconnecting domain decomposition method with two Lagrange multipliers (FETI-2LMs). There are three main ingredients in the proposed algorithms: 1) a recycling Krylov method is used to solve the condensed interface problem introduced by the FETI-2LM method; 2) all the search direction vectors for all the successive sources are stored and used to build a projection, which decreases the number of iterations for the successive sequences of ORTHODIR Krylov iterations; and 3) successive problems are solved with a block technique preserving the numerical efficiency of the previous recycling Krylov strategy and greatly improving the parallel efficiency of the method. Performances and accuracy of the proposed block Krylov recycling strategy will be discussed based on the simulation of two engineering applications (monostatic radar cross section of large antenna array and radiating element coupling of an antenna array) and the comparison of the simulated results with measurements. For the most difficult configuration of linearly independent right hand-sides (TEM mode ports), a speedup of 11.7 is observed, while for linearly dependent right hand-sides (plane wave excitations), the speedup of 115 obtained by the proposed method outperforms those obtained with the existing recycling Krylov techniques already published and applied to FETI solved electromagnetic problems (speedup of 1.7).
Reflex high‐risk human papilloma virus DNA test is useful in the triage of women with atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

This study is aimed to investigate the role of reflex high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA testing as an alternative triage method to colposcopy for women with atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H) on Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. Reflex HPV DNA testing using Hybrid Capture II method was carried out on 88 women with ASC‐H diagnosed by Thin Prep Pap test. Correlation with follow‐up biopsies was available on 42 of these patients. The reflex HPV DNA test showed an overall positive rate of 67% and negative rate of 33% in 88 patients with ASC‐H. Using age 30 as the cut off point, the positive rate had increased to 83.3% (35/42) in patients 30 yr or younger, while the positive rate for patients older than 30 yr had decreased to 52.2% (24/46). Follow‐up colposcopic biopsy results were available in 35 of 59 HPV‐positive women, which revealed 15 (43%) high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 12 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 8 negative for dysplasia. In 7 HPV‐negative patients, the follow‐up biopsies showed no evidence of HSIL or LSIL. Correlation between clinical risk factors and the HPV results demonstrated no significant differences in HPV positivity between the high‐risk and low‐risk patients. The high sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive rate (100%) in detecting HSIL in our study provide strong evidence that, instead of automatic referral to colposcopy, reflex HPV DNA testing may be used as an alternative triage method for women diagnosed with ASC‐H on Thin Prep Pap test, especially for women older than 30 yr of age. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:707–710. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hunger and binge eating: a meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment.

OBJECTIVE Binge eating has been associated with increased hunger, suggesting a role for impaired appetite regulation. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is ideally suited to examine whether hunger is a precipitant of binge eating but results from such studies have not been systematically reviewed. This study provides a meta-analysis of EMA studies that have examined hunger as an antecedent of binge eating. METHOD Electronic database and manual searches produced seven EMA studies with N = 180 participants. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare: (1) pre-binge eating hunger to average ratings of hunger, and (2) pre-binge eating hunger to hunger before regular eating. RESULTS Across studies, hunger was significantly greater before binge eating compared with average hunger ratings, but was significantly lower before binge eating compared with before other eating episodes. DISCUSSION Excessive hunger does not appear to be a precipitant of binge eating because higher levels of hunger are observed before regular eating episodes. However, lower hunger before food consumption may contribute to the experience of a particular eating episode as a binge.
Structural and transcriptional evidence for related thrS and infC expression.

The nucleotide sequence of thrS, the gene encoding dimeric Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase [L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP forming), 6.1. 1.3], has been determined. The structural part of the gene is found upstream of and on the same DNA coding strand as infC, the gene for translational initiation factor IF3. thrS is composed of 1,926 base pairs and accounts for a protein of molecular weight 73,906. In addition, a 336-base-pair sequence 5' to the thrS structural gene has been determined. There are only three nucleotides between the stop codon of thrS and the initiator codon of infC. The only potent transcriptional terminator structure is 55 base pairs downstream of the infC coding sequence. This implies that thrS and infC can be expressed from a polycistronic mRNA originating from a promoter upstream to thrS. Although sequence data indicate that thrS and infC are cotranscribed, in vitro transcription and RNA sequence analyses reveal the existence of a promoter within thrS. This promoter can account for the independent expression of infC as reported [Springer, M. , Plumbridge, J. A. , Trudel, M. , Graffe, M. & Grunberg-Manago, M. (1982) Mol. Gen. Genet. 186, 247-252]. A second promoter has been located within infC and could link the expression of infC and that of the next downstream gene, pdzA. Whether these promoters function normally in vivo is an open question.