Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained 25.2 ± 4.7 and 26.8 ± 4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P < 0.001) but weak (r = 0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.
Static Block-Structured Grid Re nement for Parallel Lattice Boltzmann Simulations Statische block-strukturierte Gitterverfeinerung für parallele lattice-Boltzmann Simulationen

This work proposes a local grid refinement scheme for the lattice Boltzmann method. In the field of computational fluid mechanics, the lattice Boltzmann method has become an aspiring numerical scheme. Though the application of local grid refinement techniques is highly developed in conventional methods such as the finiteelement or the finite-volume scheme, the development of these techniques is an issue of current research for the lattice Boltzmann method. The presented local grid refinement scheme is based on the volumetric description of the lattice in terms of grid cells rather than grid nodes. The simulation domain is subdivided into block-grids of different resolution level according to a static a-priori assignation. In order to provide for an efficient parallelization of the scheme, the blocks can be distributed among the available processes dependent on a particular load balancing strategy, which incorporates the properties of the locally refined grids. The validation of the proposed local grid refinement techniques is performed by benchmark computations simulating a threedimensional laminar flow around a cylinder. For these benchmarks, results in good agreement with the reference solutions could be obtained. It has been examined that the different techniques presented within the local grid refinement scheme introduce particular phenomena affecting the quality of the simulation results. Moreover, the runtime as well as the memory requirements could be effectively reduced in contrast to the original uniform lattice Boltzmann method.
Using the Multi-Threaded Computation Model as a Unifying Framework for Hardware-Software Co-Design and Implementation

The range of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system applications has continued to expand at a vigorous rate. Designers of DRE systems are constantly challenged to provide new capabilities to meet expanding requirements and increased computational needs, while under pressure to provide constantly improving price/performance ratios and shorter times to market. Recently emerging hybrid chips containing both CPUs and FPGA components have the potential to enjoy significant economies of scale, while enabling system designers to include a significant amount of specialization within the FPGA component. However, realizing the promise of these new hybrid CPU/FPGA chips will require programming models supporting a far more integrated view of CPU and FPGA based application components than that provided by current methods. This paper describes methods we are developing for supporting a multithreaded programming model providing strongly integrated interface to CPU and FPGA based component threads.
Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

Background Gold nanoparticle toxicity research is currently leading towards the in vivo experiment. Most toxicology data show that the surface chemistry and physical dimensions of gold nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity. Here, we present the in vivo toxicity of 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in mice. Methods Animal survival, weight, hematology, morphology, organ index, and biochemistry were characterized at a concentration of 4000 μg/kg over 28 days. Results The PEG-coated gold particles did not cause an obvious decrease in body weight or appreciable toxicity even after their breakdown in vivo. Biodistribution results show that 5 nm and 10 nm particles accumulated in the liver and that 30 nm particles accumulated in the spleen, while the 60 nm particles did not accumulate to an appreciable extent in either organ. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm particles located in the blood and bone marrow cells, and that the 5 and 60 nm particles aggregated preferentially in the blood cells. The increase in spleen index and thymus index shows that the immune system can be affected by these small nanoparticles. The 10 nm gold particles induced an increase in white blood cells, while the 5 nm and 30 nm particles induced a decrease in white blood cells and red blood cells. The biochemistry results show that the 10 nm and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles caused a significant increase in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, indicating slight damage to the liver. Conclusion The toxicity of PEG-coated gold particles is complex, and it cannot be concluded that the smaller particles have greater toxicity. The toxicity of the 10 nm and 60 nm particles was obviously higher than that of the 5 nm and 30 nm particles. The metabolism of these particles and protection of the liver will be more important issues for medical applications of gold-based nanomaterials in future.
Viral and Bacterial Infections Interfere with Peripheral Tolerance Induction and Activate CD8+ T Cells to Cause Immunopathology

We studied the impact of various infectious and proinflammatory agents on the induction of peripheral T cell tolerance. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) T cell receptor transgenic mice into LCMV antigen transgenic mice expressing the LCMV glycoprotein epitope (gp) 33–41 under control of a major histocompatibility complex class I promoter led to efficient induction of peripheral tolerance after a period of transient activation. If, however, the recipient mice were challenged with viral or bacterial infections or proinflammatory agents (lipopolysaccharide or Poly:IC) early after cell transfer, tolerance induction was prevented and instead, CD8+ T cell activation leading to vigorous expansion and generation of cytolytic activity ensued. This became manifest in significant immunopathology mainly involving destruction of the splenic architecture and lysis of antigen-expressing lymphocyte and macrophage populations. Important parameters involved in the activation of host-reactive T cells by nonspecific infectious agents included the presence, localization, and quantity of the specific transgene-encoded self-antigen; in contrast, CD4+ T cells were not required. In mice surviving the acute phase, the transferred CD8+ T cells persisted at high levels in an anergic state; they were unable to generate cytolytic activity in vitro or to control LCMV infection in vivo. These results impinge on our understanding of the role of infectious agents in graft verus host reactions towards minor histocompatibility antigens.
Network-Assisted Prediction of Potential Drugs for Addiction

Drug addiction is a chronic and complex brain disease, adding much burden on the community. Though numerous efforts have been made to identify the effective treatment, it is necessary to find more novel therapeutics for this complex disease. As network pharmacology has become a promising approach for drug repurposing, we proposed to apply the approach to drug addiction, which might provide new clues for the development of effective addiction treatment drugs. We first extracted 44 addictive drugs from the NIDA and their targets from DrugBank. Then, we constructed two networks: an addictive drug-target network and an expanded addictive drug-target network by adding other drugs that have at least one common target with these addictive drugs. By performing network analyses, we found that those addictive drugs with similar actions tended to cluster together. Additionally, we predicted 94 nonaddictive drugs with potential pharmacological functions to the addictive drugs. By examining the PubMed data, 51 drugs significantly cooccurred with addictive keywords than expected. Thus, the network analyses provide a list of candidate drugs for further investigation of their potential in addiction treatment or risk.
In vivo expression and functional characterization of the zinc transporter ZnT8 in glucose-induced insulin secretion

Insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are exceptionally rich in zinc. In these cells, zinc is required for zinc-insulin crystallization within secretory vesicles. Secreted zinc has also been proposed to be a paracrine and autocrine modulator of glucagon and insulin secretion in pancreatic alpha and beta cells, respectively. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying zinc accumulation in insulin-containing vesicles. We previously identified a pancreas-specific zinc transporter, ZnT-8, which colocalized with insulin in cultured beta cells. In this paper we studied its localization in human pancreatic islet cells, and its effect on cellular zinc content and insulin secretion. In human pancreatic islet cells, ZnT-8 was exclusively expressed in insulin-producing beta cells, and colocalized with insulin in these cells. ZnT-8 overexpression stimulated zinc accumulation and increased total intracellular zinc in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. Furthermore, ZnT-8-overexpressing cells display enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared with control cells, only for a high glucose challenge, i.e. >10 mM glucose. Altogether, these data strongly suggest that the zinc transporter ZnT-8 is a key protein for both zinc accumulation and regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.
CREATION OF SIMULATED GENETIC DATASETS ( RMETASIM ) FOR ARCHETYPES GENETIC METHODS to inter alia set boundaries for management

1.1 Opening remarks Bravington welcomed participants and noted that the focus of Stock Definition this year was an intersessional workshop in Potsdam, March 2006, to progress the TOSSM (Testing of Spatial Structure Models) project. With the absence of several key personnel from the SC/58 meeting, the agenda would be shorter than usual. 1.4 Review of documents Documents considered were SC/58/SD1-3, and SC/58/BRG13, and SC/58/Rep6(Draft). 2. STATISTICAL AND GENETIC ISSUES RELATING TO STOCK DEFINITION SC/58/SD3 described a general model for pairwise microsatellite allele matching probabilities. The model can be used for analysis of population substructure, and is particularly focused on relating genetic correlation to measurable covariates. The approach is intended for cases when the existence of subpopulations is uncertain and a priori assignment of samples to hypothesized subpopulations is difficult or unappealing. The model estimates genetic correlation associated with population substructure and with other variables that may be related to the temporal, spatial, or other aspects of the samples. Hypothesis tests for population substructure and for covariate effects can be carried out using permutation methods. Simulated examples in SC/58/SD3 illustrated the effectiveness, power and reliability of the approach. The authors also demonstrated successful application of the model to real data. Finally, the authors reviewed the philosophy and utility of the method in comparison to other familiar approaches including the program STRUCTURE (Pritchard et al., 2000) and permutation chi-square tests for allele frequency differences. In discussion, it was noted that testing on real populations where structure is known to be absent might be informative, if such can indeed be found. The power might be increased further by using associations across multiple loci, and the author intends to pursue this. Since several different biologies can give rise to the exact same statistical model in SC/58/SD3, interpretation of any structure that is detected will require application of specific 'domain knowledge' for the population(s) being studied. In particular, since the idea behind the paper is to think of covariate effects as reflecting something different from population structure, and then attributing any residual excess homozygosity to population structure, it is important to use covariates that biologically cannot be linked to population structure. The Working Group welcomed the work in SC/58/SD3, which completed the first phase of testing recommended last year. It recalled the Committee's Data Availability Arrangement, which seeks to ensure that analyses used in helping to formulate important management advice should have had the opportunity …
User-Based and Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithms Design

Oﬀering online personalized recommendation services helps to improve customers’ satisfaction and needs. Convention-ally, a recommendation system is considered as a success if customers purchase the recommended products. However, the act of purchasing itself does not guarantee satisfaction and a truly successful recommendation system should be one that maximizes the customer’s after-use gratiﬁcation. In this paper, we build the recommendation system based on collaborative ﬁltering. Two models are tested: item-based and user-based. The dataset we use is one of the Amazon datasets [1].
The Haunted Halos of Andromeda and Triangulum: A Panorama of Galaxy Formation in Action

We present a deep photometric survey of the Andromeda galaxy, conducted with the wide-field cameras of CFHT and INT, that covers the inner 50 kpc of the galaxy and the southern quadrant out to ~150 kpc and includes an extension to M33 at >200 kpc. This is the first systematic panoramic study of this very outermost region of galaxies. We detect a multitude of large-scale structures of low surface brightness, including several streams, and two new relatively luminous (MV ∼ − 9) dwarf galaxies: And XV and And XVI. Significant variations in stellar populations due to intervening stream-like structures are detected in the inner halo, which is particularly important in shedding light on the mixed and sometimes conflicting results reported in previous studies. Underlying the many substructures lies a faint, smooth, and extremely extended halo component, reaching out to 150 kpc, whose stellar populations are predominantly metal-poor. We find that the smooth halo component in M31 has a radially decreasing profile that can be fitted with a Hernquist model of immense scale radius ~55 kpc, almost 4 times larger than theoretical predictions. Alternatively a power law with ΣV ∝ R−1.91 ± 0.11 can be fitted to the projected profile, similar to the density profile in the Milky Way. If it is symmetric, the total luminosity of this structure is ~109 L☉, again similar to the stellar halo of the Milky Way. This vast, smooth, underlying halo is reminiscent of a classical “monolithic” model and completely unexpected from modern galaxy formation models. M33 is also found to have an extended metal-poor halo component, which can be fitted with a Hernquist model also of scale radius ~55 kpc. These extended slowly decreasing halos will provide a challenge and strong constraints for further modeling.
Block-diagonal coding for distributed computing with straggling servers

We consider the distributed computing problem of multiplying a set of vectors with a matrix. For this scenario, Li et al. recently presented a unified coding framework and showed a fundamental tradeoff between computational delay and communication load. This coding framework is based on maximum distance separable (MDS) codes of code length proportional to the number of rows of the matrix, which can be very large. We propose a block-diagonal coding scheme consisting of partitioning the matrix into submatrices and encoding each submatrix using a shorter MDS code. We show that the assignment of coded matrix rows to servers to minimize the communication load can be formulated as an integer program with a nonlinear cost function, and propose an algorithm to solve it. We further prove that, up to a level of partitioning, the proposed scheme does not incur any loss in terms of computational delay (as defined by Li et al.) and communication load compared to the scheme by Li et al. We also show numerically that, when the decoding time is also taken into account, the proposed scheme significantly lowers the overall computational delay with respect to the scheme by Li et al. For heavy partitioning, this is achieved at the expense of a slight increase in communication load.
Extraction of proper names from myanmar text using latent dirichlet allocation

This paper proposes a method for proper names extraction from Myanmar text by using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). Our method aims to extract proper names that provide important information on the contents of Myanmar text. Our method consists of two steps. In the first step, we extract topic words from Myanmar news articles by using LDA. In the second step, we make a post-processing, because the resulting topic words contain some noisy words. Our post-processing, first of all, eliminates the topic words whose prefixes are Myanmar digits and suffixes are noun and verb particles. We then remove the duplicate words and discard the topic words that are contained in the existing dictionary. Consequently, we obtain the words as candidate of proper names, namely personal names, geographical names, unique object names, organization names, single event names, and so on. The evaluation is performed both from the subjective and quantitative perspectives. From the subjective perspective, we compare the accuracy of proper names extracted by our method with those extracted by latent semantic indexing (LSI) and rule-based method. It is shown that both LS] and our method can improve the accuracy of those obtained by rule-based method. However, our method can provide more interesting proper names than LSI. From the quantitative perspective, we use the extracted proper names as additional features in K-means clustering. The experimental results show that the document clusters given by our method are better than those given by LSI and rule-based method in precision, recall and F-score.
Two-stage SVMs for Solving Multi-class Problems

The conventional pairwise classification shows superior performances for those classifiable samples, but unclassifiable regions exist. DDAG based SVMs can resolve unclassified regions, but it only employ one decision function at each step, and never considers all decision function together, which may hurt its classification performance. In this paper we propose two-stage SVMs to combine their merits together, which resolve unclassifiable regions and keep the classification results same as conventional pairwise classification for the data in classifiable regions. To classify the data in unclassifiable regions, optimal DDAG based on heuristic information is proposed. Two heuristic measures are designed: static heuristic information (SHI) and dynamic heuristic information (DHL). Based on these two heuristic measures, two strategies of constructing DDAG are proposed. Experimental results based on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our two-stage SVMs over traditional pairwise classification and DDAG based SVMs
Measuring Belonging and Connection to Schools Among Latino/a Parents

Parent experiences of belonging and connection to their children’s school have important implications for children’s academic outcomes. Experiencing a sense of belonging and connection may be more challenging among Latino/a families, relative to White families, due to cultural, linguistic, and institutional barriers that are disproportionately experienced by Latino/a families in many schools in the US. There are no available measurement tools to index Latino/a parents’ experiences of belonging and connection that have been subject to psychometric and cultural validation studies. Using a mixed methods approach, this project examines the psychometric properties of extant self-report questionnaires among Latino/a parents to guide the measurement of belonging and connection in schools in valid, reliable, and culturally relevant ways. Our results explore Latino/a parent and educator definitions of belonging and connection to school. We demonstrate that the adapted Psychological Sense of School Membership scale is a promising candidate self-report measure to index Latino/a parent experiences of belonging and connection. We also propose specific changes to measurement tools to address the barriers that many Latino/a parents face, such as limited bilingual capacities among school and limited time to participate in traditional parent roles such as after-school activities and volunteering due to work obligations.
MAXIMA: A balloon-borne cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiment

We describe the Millimeter wave Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array (MAXIMA), a balloon-borne experiment which measured the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 10′ to 5°. MAXIMA mapped the CMB using 16 bolometric detectors in spectral bands centered at 150, 240, and 410 GHz, with 10′ resolution at all frequencies. The combined receiver sensitivity to CMB anisotropy was ~40 μK √s. The bolometric detectors, which were cooled to 100 mK, were a prototype of the detectors which will be used on the Planck Surveyor Satellite of the European Space Agency. Systematic parasitic contributions were controlled by using four uncorrelated spatial modulations, thorough cross-linking, multiple independent CMB observations, heavily baffled optics, and strong spectral discrimination. Pointing reconstruction was accurate to 1′, and absolute calibration was better than 4%. Two MAXIMA flights with more than 8.5 h of CMB observations have mapped a total of 300 deg^2 of the sky in regions of negligible known foreground emission. MAXIMA results have been released in previous publications and shown to be consistent with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. MAXIMA I maps, power spectra, and correlation matrices are publicly available at http://cosmology.berkeley. edu/maxima.
Cross-domain recommendation without shared users or items by sharing latent vector distributions

We propose a cross-domain recommendation method for predicting the ratings of items in different domains, where neither users nor items are shared across domains. The proposed method is based on matrix factorization, which learns a latent vector for each user and each item. Matrix factorization techniques for a single-domain fail in the cross-domain recommendation task because the learned latent vectors are not aligned over different domains. The proposed method assumes that latent vectors in different domains are generated from a common Gaussian distribution with a full covariance matrix. By inferring the mean and covariance of the common Gaussian from given crossdomain rating matrices, the latent factors are aligned, which enables us to predict ratings in different domains. Experiments conducted on rating datasets from a wide variety of domains, e.g., movie, books and electronics, demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher performance for predicting cross-domain ratings than existing methods.