Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AND EXPERIMENT OF THE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR MOVING OBJECT EXTRACTION FROM A LIVE VIDEO

Moving object extraction is a critical stage in a measurable 2D and 3D photogrammetric surveillance systems. In order to keep the frame rate of the live video, the chosen automatic method should be fast enough. Moreover, it is important to extract the moving objects precisely to be able to increase the accuracy of the measurements. Prior to the boundary extraction stage, the moving objects must be detected and separated from each other in each frame of the live video. In this paper, the various spatial domain (e.g. background subtraction) methods including intensitybased and feature-based strategies have been introduced for the purpose of moving object detection. Following the detection step, some utilized methods for object separation have been noted. Furthermore, some useful approaches of error reduction and accurate boundary extraction of detected moving object have also been noted. In addition to the spatial domain methods, some frequency domain methods (e.g. Wavelet decomposition) of moving object detection are also considered in this paper.
CAPM: Context aware provisioning middleware for human activity recognition

Pervasive Computing also called as ubiquitous computing where computing is made available to anytime and anywhere. It is very fast growing innovative trends in the field of Internet of Thing (IOT). Context Awareness is key part of pervasive computing. Context aware computing it means act of both sensing data from sensor and react according to sensory data. Context is nothing but information about any entity. For representation of Context Awareness there is need of setting up context. For setting up or defining context there is need of different parameters. Based on that parameters context is defined. Proposed system is all about context aware middleware for Human Activity Recognition. The main idea of activity recognition is to recognize day to day common human activities in real life. As human activities are complex and highly diverse activity recognition is challenging task. Activity recognition means to analysis of human body activity. Those activities are recognized by different recognition techniques. Several algorithms based on probability distribution have been used for building activity model. Activity recognition is an important paradigm in ubiquitous computing whereas it can be applicable for real time healthcare system also.
Non-cryptographic fault-tolerant computing in constant number of rounds of interaction

Let ~(zI,. ,zn) be computed by a circuit C with bounded fanin. There are non-cryptographic protocols (BGW88,CCD88] by which a network of n processors can evaluate C at secret inputs Xl,,. >xn, revealing the final value f(x1,. . . ,x,,) without revealing any information about the inputs except what the final result provides. Current methods require O(depth(C)) rounds of communication and messages of size polynomial in size(C) and n. In practical terms, such a degree of interaction is unacceptable. We show how to secretly evaluate any finite function in a constant expected number of rounds, regardless of the minimal depth of a circuit for that function. We provide a means to simulate unbounded fanin multiplicative (or AND) gates using constant rounds. Using our new methods, any function can be evaluated in a constant number of rounds, using messages of size proportional to the size of a constant-depth, unbounded-fanin circuit describing the function. We also show how to secretly evaluate any function described by an algebraic formula of polynomial size (or an NC1 circuit), using a constant number of rounds yet requiring messages of only polynomial size. This provides a speedup over original methods by a factor of log n, while incurring only a polynomial number of bits. ‘This research was supported in part under NSF grant CCR-870-4513. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. fll ii. ,,
The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies

PART I. PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNET AND WEB AS OBJECTS OF STUDY PART II. LIVING IN A NETWORK SOCIETY PART III. CREATING AND WORKING IN A GLOBAL NETWORK ECONOMY PART IV. COMMUNICATION, POWER, AND INFLUENCE IN A CONVERGING MEDIA WORLD PART V. GOVERNING AND REGULATING THE INTERNET
The impact of Lean-logistics and the information system on the information flow management within the healthcare supply chain

In the context of meeting the increasing demand for healthcare services, hospitals have to promote a continuous improvement of quality while reducing costs. For that, there is a serious obligation to search for new ways of improvement. A good management of healthcare supply chain (HSC) flows may ensure a better performance and enhanced healthcare services quality. Considered as the most critical flow of the HSC, this paper focuses on improving the management of information flows within the HSC using a new Lean-logistics approach. It also intends to evaluate its impact on the hospital information system (HIS) and the performance of hospitals.
Diversification into other emerging nations: evidence from India

Market integration has been increasing over time. The benefits of international diversification are limited in an environment of markets moving together. In this study, we look at the diversification benefits to an Indian investor if they invest a part of their money into other emerging nations and the USA. Using the asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation GARCH model, to estimate time-varying correlations, we find that international diversification provides better risk adjusted returns to the investors. However, the use of conditional correlations does not give better results than the unconditional correlations.
Hierarchical representation of shapes in visual cortex—from localized features to figural shape segregation

Visual structures in the environment are segmented into image regions and those combined to a representation of surfaces and prototypical objects. Such a perceptual organization is performed by complex neural mechanisms in the visual cortex of primates. Multiple mutually connected areas in the ventral cortical pathway receive visual input and extract local form features that are subsequently grouped into increasingly complex, more meaningful image elements. Such a distributed network of processing must be capable to make accessible highly articulated changes in shape boundary as well as very subtle curvature changes that contribute to the perception of an object. We propose a recurrent computational network architecture that utilizes hierarchical distributed representations of shape features to encode surface and object boundary over different scales of resolution. Our model makes use of neural mechanisms that model the processing capabilities of early and intermediate stages in visual cortex, namely areas V1–V4 and IT. We suggest that multiple specialized component representations interact by feedforward hierarchical processing that is combined with feedback signals driven by representations generated at higher stages. Based on this, global configurational as well as local information is made available to distinguish changes in the object's contour. Once the outline of a shape has been established, contextual contour configurations are used to assign border ownership directions and thus achieve segregation of figure and ground. The model, thus, proposes how separate mechanisms contribute to distributed hierarchical cortical shape representation and combine with processes of figure-ground segregation. Our model is probed with a selection of stimuli to illustrate processing results at different processing stages. We especially highlight how modulatory feedback connections contribute to the processing of visual input at various stages in the processing hierarchy.
ICI analysis for FRFT-OFDM systems in doubly selective fading channels

Frequency offset affects the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The FRFT based OFDM is considered in this article to minimize this affect. The expressions of signal to interference ratio (SIR) due to inter carrier interference (ICI) has been derived for frequency selective fading channel and doubly selective fading channels (Time frequency selective fading channels) for FRFT based OFDM system. The simulation analysis validate that FRFT based OFDM systems has superior SIR performances by choosing the optimal fractional factor than the standard OFDM system, for a large carrier offset exists in the system.
Intuitive and model-based on-line programming of industrial robots: A modular on-line programming environment

This paper focuses on the simplification of the on-line programming process of industrial robots. It presents a modular on-line programming environment (software and hardware), which supports an intuitive way of moving and teaching robots, while supporting the user with assisting algorithms like collision avoidance and automatic path planning. Main idea is the combination of different approaches from tele-operation, programming by demonstration and off-line programming, and reuse them in a new fashion on-line on the shopfloor. The proposed programming environment is designed to evaluate the usability of different combination of assisting techniques.
Is PCR the Next Reference Standard for the Diagnosis of Schistosoma in Stool? A Comparison with Microscopy in Senegal and Kenya

Background The current reference test for the detection of S. mansoni in endemic areas is stool microscopy based on one or more Kato-Katz stool smears. However, stool microscopy has several shortcomings that greatly affect the efficacy of current schistosomiasis control programs. A highly specific multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Schistosoma internal transcriber-spacer-2 sequence (ITS2) was developed by our group a few years ago, but so far this PCR has been applied mostly on urine samples. Here, we performed more in-depth evaluation of the ITS2 PCR as an alternative method to standard microscopy for the detection and quantification of Schistosoma spp. in stool samples. Methodology/Principal findings Microscopy and PCR were performed in a Senegalese community (n = 197) in an area with high S. mansoni transmission and co-occurrence of S. haematobium, and in Kenyan schoolchildren (n = 760) from an area with comparatively low S. mansoni transmission. Despite the differences in Schistosoma endemicity the PCR performed very similarly in both areas; 13–15% more infections were detected by PCR when comparing to microscopy of a single stool sample. Even when 2–3 stool samples were used for microscopy, PCR on one stool sample detected more infections, especially in people with light-intensity infections and in children from low-risk schools. The low prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in both populations was confirmed by an additional multiplex PCR. Conclusions/Significance The ITS2-based PCR was more sensitive than standard microscopy in detecting Schistosoma spp. This would be particularly useful for S. mansoni detection in low transmission areas, and post-control settings, and as such improve schistosomiasis control programs, epidemiological research, and quality control of microscopy. Moreover, it can be complemented with other (multiplex real-time) PCRs to detect a wider range of helminths and thus enhance effectiveness of current integrated control and elimination strategies for neglected tropical diseases.
Doppler follow-up of OGLE transiting companions in the Galactic Bulge

Two years ago, the OGLE-III survey (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) announced the detection of 54 short period multi-transiting objects in the Galactic bulge (Udalski et al. 2002a,b). Some of these objects were considered to be po- tential hot Jupiters. In order to determine the true nature of these objects and to characterize their actual mass, we conducted a radial velocity follow-up of 18 of the smallest transiting candidates. We describe here our procedure and report the char- acterization of 8 low-mass star-transiting companions, 2 grazing eclipsing binaries, 2 triple systems, 1 confirmed exoplanet (OGLE-TR-56b), 1 possible exoplanet (OGLE-TR-10b), 1 clear false positive and 3 unsolved cases. The variety of cases en- countered in our follow-up covers a large part of the possible scenarios occurring in the search for planetary transits. As a by-product our program yields precise masses and radii of low mass stars.
Parallel Object-Oriented Pattern Catalogue

Method Sequence prefix() executeSequence() suffix() Abstract Method Facade firstPhase() secondPhase() thirdPhase() . lastPhase() facade Method Sequence prefix() suffix() Method Facade firstPhase() secondPhase() thirdPhase() . lastPhase() Figure 4: The structure of the Method Sequence pattern using OMT notation. suffix() This method is invoked after the sequence has completed executing. It can be used for any cleanup required by the sequence or facade objects, or can be used to invoke other parts of a larger program (including other parallel patterns). In the PSRS algorithm, this method may be used to verify that the data is properly sorted. By default, this method does nothing. The hook methods for the Facade object in the Method Sequence pattern are the methods listed in the last pattern parameter. By default, these methods do nothing. 2.7 Structure and Participants The structure of the Method Sequence pattern, using OMT notation, is given in Figure 4. The key participants in the Method Sequence pattern are the following: Abstract Method Sequence This abstract class is responsible for implementing the structure of the pattern. In the Method Sequence pattern, it has methods for executing the sequence of methods on an instance of Abstract Method Facade. It also provides default implementations of all hook methods. Method Sequence This concrete class allows users to implement hook methods and extend the pattern with additional methods. The user implements hook methods by overriding the default implementation from the abstract superclass. Additional methods can also be added, and the constructors can be augmented to include new parameters1. Abstract Method Facade This abstract class provides the structure for the Facade object. It provides a default constructor and the default implementations of the hook methods. Method Facade This class is the receiver object for the methods in the sequence. The user uses this class to implement hook methods, add new methods, and augment constructors. This class is also responsible for storing partial 1This is not true of all concrete classes, since some objects are created as part of the parallel structure which, at the highest level of abstraction of CO2P3S, cannot be modified. 6 main program Method Sequence Method Facade executeSequence() prefix() suffix() firstPhase()
Substitution in First-Order Formulas. Part II. The Construction of First-Order Formulas 1

This article is part of a series of Mizar articles which constitute a formal proof (of a basic version) of Kurt Gödel’s famous completeness theorem (K. Gödel, “Die Vollständigkeit der Axiome des logischen Funktionenkalküls”, Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 37 (1930), 349-360). The completeness theorem provides the theoretical basis for a uniform formalization of mathematics as in the Mizar project. We formalize first-order logic up to the completeness theorem as in H. D. Ebbinghaus, J. Flum, and W. Thomas, Mathematical Logic, 1984, Springer Verlag New York Inc. The present article establishes that every substitution can be applied to every formula as in Chapter III par. 8, Definition 8.1, 8.2 of Ebbinghaus, Flum, Thomas. After that, it is observed that substitution doesn’t change the number of quantifiers of a formula. Then further details about substitution and some results about the construction of formulas are proven.
Antinociceptive Synergism of Gabapentin and Nortriptyline in Mice with Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation

Background and Methods: Neuropathic pain results from nerve injury, and gabapentin, an antiepileptic drug, has been approved for the treatment of several types of neuropathic pain. On the other hand, nortriptyline, an antidepressant drug, has been suggested as an alternative treatment. In partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) mice, the interaction of gabapentin with nortriptyline was evaluated by the hot plate assay using isobolographic analysis. Results: Gabapentin (3-100 mg/kg, i.p.) or nortriptyline (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.) induced dose-dependent antinociception, with an ED50 of 11.60 ± 0.54 mg/kg for gabapentin and of 5.16 ± 0.21 mg/kg for nortriptyline. The potency of gabapentin and nortriptyline in PSNL mice at 7 and 14 days after ligation was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Coadministration of gabapentin with nortriptyline, at a 1:1 ratio of their ED50, had a synergistic effect, with an interaction index of 0.311 and 0.348 for these mice at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Conclusion: The data showed a synergy in antinociception at a gabapentin-to-nortriptyline ratio of 1:1 in PSNL mice. This finding suggests that this combination could provide a therapeutic alternative that can be used for neuropathic pain management.
Improving the Quality of Maternal and Neonatal Care: the Role of Standard Based Participatory Assessments

Background Gaps in quality of care are seriously affecting maternal and neonatal health globally but reports of successful quality improvement cycles implemented at large scale are scanty. We report the results of a nation-wide program to improve quality of maternal and neonatal hospital care in a lower-middle income country focusing on the role played by standard-based participatory assessments. Methods Improvements in the quality of maternal and neonatal care following an action-oriented participatory assessment of 19 areas covering the whole continuum from admission to discharge were measured after an average period of 10 months in four busy referral maternity hospitals in Uzbekistan. Information was collected by a multidisciplinary national team with international supervision through visit to hospital services, examination of medical records, direct observation of cases and interviews with staff and mothers. Scores (range 0 to 3) attributed to over 400 items and combined in average scores for each area were compared with the baseline assessment. Results Between the first and the second assessment, all four hospitals improved their overall score by an average 0.7 points out of 3 (range 0.4 to 1), i.e. by 22%. The improvements occurred in all main areas of care and were greater in the care of normal labor and delivery (+0.9), monitoring, infection control and mother and baby friendly care (+0.8) the role of the participatory action-oriented approach in determining the observed changes was estimated crucial in 6 out of 19 areas and contributory in other 8. Ongoing implementation of referral system and new classification of neonatal deaths impede the improved process of care to be reflected in current statistics. Conclusions Important improvements in the quality of hospital care provided to mothers and newborn babies can be achieved through a standard-based action-oriented and participatory assessment and reassessment process.
Combination therapy in cholesterol reduction: focus on ezetimibe and statins

Although widely used in lipid lowering therapy, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (even when administered at high doses) are frequently insufficient to achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C goals for many patients with hypercholesterolemia in everyday clinical practice. Many patients do not achieve LDL-C goal on the initial dose of statin and the majority of these patients does not reach their goal after 6 months. As a consequence, a wide therapeutic gap exists between target LDL-C levels and those typically achieved in clinical practice. A recent and more effective therapeutic hypocholesterolemic strategy is to treat the two main sources of cholesterol simultaneously (production of cholesterol, mainly in the liver, and absorption of cholesterol in the intestine) with a complementary mechanism of action, by co-administering ezetimibe, a novel agent inhibiting cholesterol absorption, with a statin, which inhibits cholesterol production in the liver. Ezetimibe can be effectively and safely co-administered with any dose of any statin and, compared with the single inhibition of cholesterol production, afforded by statins alone, provides consistently greater reductions in LDL-C through dual inhibition of both cholesterol production and absorption. We summarize the pivotal role of both the liver and intestine in the overall balance of cholesterol in the body and describe the clinical impact and relevance of using ezetimibe either alone or co-administered with statins in controlling elevated levels of plasma LDL cholesterol.
Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study

Objective To examine whether the association of inadequate or unclear allocation concealment and lack of blinding with biased estimates of intervention effects varies with the nature of the intervention or outcome. Design Combined analysis of data from three meta-epidemiological studies based on collections of meta-analyses. Data sources 146 meta-analyses including 1346 trials examining a wide range of interventions and outcomes. Main outcome measures Ratios of odds ratios quantifying the degree of bias associated with inadequate or unclear allocation concealment, and lack of blinding, for trials with different types of intervention and outcome. A ratio of odds ratios <1 implies that inadequately concealed or non-blinded trials exaggerate intervention effect estimates. Results In trials with subjective outcomes effect estimates were exaggerated when there was inadequate or unclear allocation concealment (ratio of odds ratios 0.69 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.82)) or lack of blinding (0.75 (0.61 to 0.93)). In contrast, there was little evidence of bias in trials with objective outcomes: ratios of odds ratios 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03) for inadequate or unclear allocation concealment and 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) for lack of blinding. There was little evidence for a difference between trials of drug and non-drug interventions. Except for trials with all cause mortality as the outcome, the magnitude of bias varied between meta-analyses. Conclusions The average bias associated with defects in the conduct of randomised trials varies with the type of outcome. Systematic reviewers should routinely assess the risk of bias in the results of trials, and should report meta-analyses restricted to trials at low risk of bias either as the primary analysis or in conjunction with less restrictive analyses.
A New Steganography Algorithm Based on Spatial Domain

We construct and implement a new Steganography algorithm based on spatial domain to hide a large amount of information into color BMP image. It utilizes the arrangement of the secret data to compensate distortion, which is called fixed LSBs(Least Significant Bits) substitution methods. The method is no need of referencing the original image when extracting the hided data from the stego-image. Our experimental results show the proposed method can reach the high capacity with good image quality.