Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a high-resolution bathymetry dataset for the Columbia River through the Hanford Reach

A bathymetric and topographic data collection and processing effort involving existing and newly collected data has been performed for the Columbia River through the Hanford Reach in central Washington State, extending 60-miles from the tailrace of Priest Rapids Dam (river mile 397) to near the vicinity of the Interstate 182 bridge just upstream of the Yakima River confluence (river mile 337). The contents of this report provide a description of the data collections, data inputs, processing methodology, and final data quality assessment used to develop a comprehensive and continuous merged 1m resolution bathymetric and topographic surface dataset for the Columbia River through the Hanford Reach.
A Note on the Secrecy Capacity of the Multi-antenna Wiretap Channel

Recently, the secrecy capacity of the multi-antenna wiretap channel was characterized by Khisti and Wornell [1] using a Sato-like argument. This note presents an alternative characterization using a channel enhancement argument. This characterization relies on an extremal entropy inequality recently proved in the context of multi-antenna broadcast channels, and is directly built on the physical intuition regarding to the optimal transmission strategy in this communication scenario.
Variation in the white-toothed shrews (Crocidura spp.) in the British Isles

Ten skull characters were measured on each of 300 specimens of Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas) and 99 specimens of C. russula Hermann from five of the Scilly Isles, four of the Channel Isles and one locality on the mainland of France. No place contained both species. The characters were skull length, skull width, lengths of upper and lower tooth rows, distance between the third upper molars, distance between the upper premolars, length from the palate to the foramen magnum, the combined length in ventral aspect of the third upper incisor and canine and the mandibular height. The means of each measurement at each locality were calculated. Analyses of variance were also calculated and from these variance components within locality groups were obtained. An analysis into canonical variates was made with a view to accounting for the largest possible part of the variation between groups using a limited number of linear combinations of the original measurements. Most of the variance (82%) was contained in the first canonical variate and from the dispersion of the means of the samples the populations of Crocidura separated into two main groups. One contained animals from Alderney, Guernsey and Cap Gris Nez (C. russula) and the other the remainder (C. suaveolens). The latter group subdivided, particularly with reference to the second canonical variate, into animals from Sark and Jersey and those from the Isles of Scilly. Differences between populations from the Scilly Isles are very small, suggesting origin from a common stock. The shrews from Sark and Jersey differ more from each other than do any pair of Scilly Island populations. The three populations of C. russula do not form as close a cluster as the Scilly Island ones. The analyses of variance agree with these findings although for certain characters highly significant differences often occur between localities in a particular group.
Study of Ionospheric Variability during the Storm of January, 2005 using GPS and DEMETER Satellite Measurements

The dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver provides an opportunity to determine Total Electron Content (TEC) over the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly region Bhopal by taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionospheric medium. The TEC values observed for the geomagnetic storm of the January 2005 is used in this paper to discuss the behaviour of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetically disturbed period. Variation of TEC is studied in correlation with the geomagnetic index Dst and southward component of interplanetary magnetic field Bz. The TEC variability is found to vary between with the maximum negative excursion of Dst index during the geomagnetic storms days. Positive phase is observed. Maximum TEC variability is observed during the recovery phase of the storms. Electron and ion density measurements from the DEMETER satellite are compared with the TEC measurements. The study of storm time TEC behaviour is very important due to recent increase in satellite-based navigation applications. Keywords : Ionosphere, geomagnetic storms, GPS, DEMETER, TEC
Ordered magnesium-lithium alloys: First-principles predictions

Magnesium-lithium ! Mg-Li" alloys are among the lightest structural materials. Although considerable work has been done on the Mg-Li system, little is known regarding potential ordered phases. A first and rapid analysis of the system with the high-throughput method reveals an unexpected wealth of potentially stable low-temperature phases. Subsequent cluster expansions constructed for bcc and hcp superstructures extend the analysis and verify our high-throughput results. Of particular interest are those structures with greater than 13 at. % lithium, as they exhibit either partial or complete formation as a cubic structure. Order-disorder transition temperatures are predicted by Monte Carlo simulations to be in the range 200–500 K.
Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids

Certain mathematical models for predicting the flow and mixing processes in stratified fluids are reviewed, with particular focus on stratified lakes and reservoirs. The various types of prediction methods are introduced briefly, from one-dimensional integral methods to direct simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations. The paper concentrates on turbulence models for simulating the turbulent momentum, heat, and mass transport terms appearing in the statistical methods employing averaged equations. Models ranging from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to second-order-closure schemes are discussed. To illustrate the predictive capabilities of the methods, examples are presented of applications of the method covered to a variety of stratified flow situations.
Reasoning on LTL on Finite Traces: Insensitivity to Infiniteness

In this paper we study when an LTL formula on finite traces (LTLf formula) is insensitive to infiniteness, that is, it can be correctly handled as a formula on infinite traces under the assumption that at a certain point the infinite trace starts repeating an end event forever, trivializing all other propositions to false. This intuition has been put forward and (wrongly) assumed to hold in general in the literature. We define a necessary and sufficient condition to characterize whether an LTLf formula is insensitive to infiniteness, which can be automatically checked by any LTL reasoner. Then, we show that typical LTLf specification patterns used in process and service modeling in CS, as well as trajectory constraints in Planning and transition-based LTLf specifications of action domains in KR, are indeed very often insensitive to infiniteness. This may help to explain why the assumption of interpreting LTL on finite and on infinite traces has been (wrongly) blurred. Possibly because of this blurring, virtually all literature detours to Buechi automata for constructing the NFA that accepts the traces satisfying an LTLf formula. As a further contribution, we give a simple direct algorithm for computing such NFA.
An analysis concerning the robust control of the biological wastewater treatment processes using fuzzy techniques

This paper has been carried out to develop a more efficient fuzzy control system with lower costs. This strategy was applied to a biological wastewater treatment process in order to control the dissolved oxygen and the substrate concentrations. Simulation results and comparisons between different cases are given to demonstrate that this model-based control proves the robustness of the fuzzy control.
Lithium abundance and isotope composition of Logudoro basalts, Sardinia: Origin of light Li signature

Copyright © 2011 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. al., 2008). However, altered MORB becomes usually heavier in their Li isotopic ratios (δ7Li < +20.8‰) by seawater-alteration at low temperature. The δ7Li values of seafloor sediments are variable, ranging from 0 to +7‰ (Chan et al., 2002; Bouman et al., 2004). The Li isotopic composition might therefore be a useful tracer to investigate recycling of surface derived material into mantle if the isotopic signatures of subducted surface material are preserved during subduction and its storage in mantle. In spite of the variation of Li input in subduction, Li isotopic ratios of most OIB are constant and similar to those of MORB and normal mantle. Lithium isotopic compositions of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea basalts from Hawaii range from +2.5 to +5.7‰ (Chan and Frey, 2003), thereby overlapping the range of MORB. The HIMU (Mangaia, Tubuai, Raivavae, and Rurutu) are characterized by Li isotopic ratios ranging from +5.0 to +7.9‰, and are slightly heavier than those of MORB (Nishio et al., 2005; Chan et al., 2009; Vlastelic et al., 2009). The Li isotopic ratios of Rapa lava, EM2-type, range from +3.7 to +5.9‰ (Chan et al., 2009). The few data available for EM1 lava samples, e.g., Pitcairn Island, (+3.3 to +4.1‰, Chan et al., 2006) display MORB-like values. Some basalts or xenoliths from continental settings also show EM1-like isotopic signatures. However, little data of Li isotopic composition have been reported on them. Lithium abundance and isotope composition of Logudoro basalts, Sardinia: Origin of light Li signature
Child disability services in Bangladesh: Scherzer et al. reply

SIR–We welcome the supportive comments of McConachie and Salt about our review, which concludes that there is a great need for incorporating early evaluation and intervention programs into routine pediatric care. However, it should be kept in mind that a major focus of this paper is the need for continuous surveillance by practitioners at all levels whenever there is clinical contact, with early referral for further and more detailed evaluation, parental education and support, and early intervention as circumstances permit. The problem often encountered in lowand middle-income countries is that too often practitioners have little or no training in child development, or indeed any awareness of potential developmental problems that should be addressed in addition to the concern presented by the parent. Our focus, therefore, is on the need for training of all staff to enable regular developmental surveillance, and the supplemental use of a simple reminder, a chronological age check-off sheet, such as was trialled in Cambodia. The Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) for Bangladeshi children validated by Khan et al. is an outstanding step forward, and is among other emerging tools in lowand middle-income countries such as the caregiver developmental reports in Kenya, the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT), and the Brigance developmental assessment tool for Aboriginal children in Australia. However, like the RNDA, these tools require specially trained staff, and can best perform at a secondary level by providing detailed evaluation for children referred through regular surveillance by practitioners. Such screening instruments do need to be further developed and validated; however, they do not take the place of training for regular developmental surveillance and the possible use of a supplemental reminder mechanism to ensure that all practitioners on every level think developmentally and refer early.
Nitrogen balance and fate in a heavily impacted watershed (Oglio River, Northern Italy): in quest of the missing sources and sinks

We present data from a comprehensive investi- gation carried out from 2007 to 2010, focussing on nitro- gen pollution in the Oglio River basin (3800 km 2 , Po Plain, Northern Italy). Nitrogen mass balances, computed for the whole basin with 2000 and 2008 data, suggest a large N surplus in this area, over 40 000 t N yr 1 , and increasing be- tween 2000 and 2008. Calculations indicate a very large im- pact of animal husbandry and agricultural activities in this watershed, with livestock manure and synthetic fertilizers contributing 85 % of total N inputs (about 100 000 t N yr 1 )
Partitioning the Program into different regions using dynamic and Static Approach with kernel-Assisted in Power management for Embedded System

Today many embedded systems are driven by battery. The power consumption is becoming a critical problem for devices which are battery-powered. In this paper we presented a new approach for power management. We partitioned the programs into different regions by compiler statically. And partitioning or merging regions dynamically according the performance statistic. The results showed that using dynamic and static approach together can save more energy than only using static method
Designing Multifunction Displays: An Optimization Approach

A variety of modern devices use multifunction displays to present hierarchically ordered information. Users interact with the devices by pushing buttons to move through the hierarchy and access needed information. Several studies have shown that the mapping of hierarchy labels to buttons effects user performance. This article describes a quantitative methodology that optimizes such mappings, relative to a defined cost function. Methods for defining a model of user search, measuring necessary model parameters, and creating an optimal mapping are described and tested. In an experimental test of the method, the optimized mapping resulted in a 32% reduction in search time.
Comparative design of radial and transverse flux PM generators for direct-drive wind turbines

The aim of this paper is to assess the radial flux permanent magnet (RFPM) and transverse flux permanent magnet (TFPM) generators for large direct-drive wind turbines. For the assessment, the electromagnetic design of RFPM and TFPM generators is done. The analytical design result of a TFPM generator is compared with the experimental result. A RFPM machine concept and four different TFPM machine concepts are designed electromagnetically for 5 MW direct-drive wind turbines. These machines are assessed with criteria such as the cost, the mass, the copper loss, the power/mass ratio, the power/cost ratio, the cost/mass ratio and the mass/torque ratio.
Forcible, Drug-Facilitated, and Incapacitated Rape and Sexual Assault Among Undergraduate Women

Abstract Objective: To examine the prevalence of drug-related sexual assaults, identify the frequency of assaults that occur following voluntary versus involuntary drug or alcohol consumption, and identify contextual correlates of drug-related assaults. Participants: College-student females (n = 314). Methods: Volunteers reported experiences with forcible and drug-related sexual assaults in the spring semester of 2004. Follow-up queries regarding the most severe drug-related assaults determined whether the assaults followed voluntary or involuntary alcohol or drug consumption. Results: 29.6% (n = 93) of the respondents reported a drug-related sexual assault or rape; 5.4% (n = 17) reported a forcible sexual assault or rape. Voluntary incapacitation preceded 84.6% of drug-related assaults and involuntary incapacitation preceded 15.4% of drug-related assaults. The majority of drug-related assaults (96.1%) involved alcohol consumption prior to assault. Conclusions: Drug-related sexual assaults on college campuses are more frequent than are forcible assaults and are most frequently preceded by voluntary alcohol consumption.
Hepatic and hornwort flora of Singapore

The primary aim of this study was to investigate and document the hepatic and hornwort floras of Singapore. The secondary aim was to compare and understand the changes in the species composition through time in a highly urbanized island environment like Singapore. As presented, a total of 74 species in 37 genera of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae are known from Singapore. Aneura, Cololejeunea, Cyathodium, Folioceros, Harpalejeunea, and Notothylas are new generic records. Thirty-eight species are reported as new for Singapore. Identification keys to the genera and species of Singapore hepatic and hornwort floras are provided. Short descriptions are provided for each species. Of the 74 species, 21 are regarded as possibly extinct from the island on the basis of no recent collections. An additional 16 records could not be confirmed due to lack of voucher specimens and recent collections. Taxa suffered most from the urbanization of environment seem to be those of the genera Bazzania and Frullania. A moderate 40% extinction rate over a period of two centuries was calculated for the liverwort and hornwort floras of Singapore. Their local disappearance is probably caused by forest clearing and the subsequent change of air humidity and, in the case of corticolous species, most probably due to the increased air pollution.
Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars

Semi-autonomous vehicles occasionally require control to be handed over to the driver in situations where the vehicle is unable to operate safely. Currently, such handover requests require the driver to take control almost instantaneously. We investigate how auditory pre-alerts that occur well before the handover request impact the success of the handover in a dual task scenario. In a study with a driving simulator, drivers perform tasks on their phone while the car is in an autonomous mode. They receive a repeated burst audio pre-alert or an increasing pulse audio pre-alert preceding the standard warning for immediate handover. Results show that pre-alerts caused people to look more at the road before the handover occurred, and to disengage from the secondary task earlier, compared to when there was no pre-alert. This resulted in safer handover situations. Increasing pulse pre-alerts show particular promise due to their communication of urgency. Our detailed analysis informs the design and evaluation of alerts in safety-critical systems with automation.
Head direction cells in the postsubiculum do not show replay of prior waking sequences during sleep

During slow‐wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, hippocampal place cells in the rat show replay of sequences previously observed during waking. We tested the hypothesis from computational modeling that the temporal structure of REM sleep replay could arise from an interplay of place cells with head direction cells in the postsubiculum. Physiological single‐unit recording was performed simultaneously from five or more head direction or place by head direction cells in the postsubiculum during running on a circular track allowing sampling of a full range of head directions, and during sleep periods before and after running on the circular track. Data analysis compared the spiking activity during individual REM periods with waking as in previous analysis procedures for REM sleep. We also used a new procedure comparing groups of similar runs during waking with REM sleep periods. There was no consistent evidence for a statistically significant correlation of the temporal structure of spiking during REM sleep with spiking during waking running periods. Thus, the spiking activity of head direction cells during REM sleep does not show replay of head direction cell activity occurring during a previous waking period of running on the task. In addition, we compared the spiking of postsubiculum neurons during hippocampal sharp wave ripple events. We show that head direction cells are not activated during sharp wave ripples, whereas neurons responsive to place in the postsubiculum show reliable spiking at ripple events. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of Cytoplasmic CDK1 Predicts Poor Survival in Human Lung Cancer and Confers Chemotherapeutic Resistance

The dismal lethality of lung cancer is due to late stage at diagnosis and inherent therapeutic resistance. The incorporation of targeted therapies has modestly improved clinical outcomes, but the identification of new targets could further improve clinical outcomes by guiding stratification of poor-risk early stage patients and individualizing therapeutic choices. We hypothesized that a sequential, combined microarray approach would be valuable to identify and validate new targets in lung cancer. We profiled gene expression signatures during lung epithelial cell immortalization and transformation, and showed that genes involved in mitosis were progressively enhanced in carcinogenesis. 28 genes were validated by immunoblotting and 4 genes were further evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer tissue microarrays. Although CDK1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, its loss from the cytoplasm unexpectedly predicted poor survival and conferred resistance to chemotherapy in multiple cell lines, especially microtubule-directed agents. An analysis of expression of CDK1 and CDK1-associated genes in the NCI60 cell line database confirmed the broad association of these genes with chemotherapeutic responsiveness. These results have implications for personalizing lung cancer therapy and highlight the potential of combined approaches for biomarker discovery.
Packet inter-arrival time estimation using neural network models

This paper presents the estimation methods of packet inter-arrival times. The approach is based on neural network models for predicting the packet inter-arrival times by learning patterns and characteristics of observed traffics. The proposed methods are compared with the familiar exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) estimator. Evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. We also investigate the effect of classifying the observed traffics according to their protocol types. The classification helps find patterns of the traffics.
Crosswell monitoring using virtual sources and horizontal wells

Time-lapse crosswell seismic provides an efficient way to monitor the migration of a C O2 plume or its leakage after C O2 injection into a geologic formation. Recently, crosswell seismic has become a powerful tool for monitoring underground variations, using the concept of a virtual source, with virtual sources positioned at the receivers installed in the well and thus the positions of sources and receivers can be invariant during monitoring. However, time-lapse crosswell seismic using vertical wells and virtual sources has difficulty in describing the front of a C O2 plume, which usually is parallel to the vertical wells, and in obtaining sufficient ray coverage for the first-arrival tomography. These problems arise because of the theoretical downward-illumination-directivity limitation of the virtual source. We have developed an effective monitoring method that uses virtual sources and two horizontal wells: one above and one below the C O2 sequestration reservoir. In our method, we redatum the traces th.
Fast Reinforcement Learning for Vision-guided Mobile Robots

This paper presents a new reinforcement learning algorithm for accelerating acquisition of new skills by real mobile robots, without requiring simulation. It speeds up Q-learning by applying memory-based sweeping and enforcing the “adjoining property”, a technique that exploits the natural ordering of sensory state spaces in many robotic applications by only allowing transitions between neighbouring states. The algorithm is tested within an image-based visual servoing framework on a docking task, in which the robot has to position its gripper at a desired configuration relative to an object on a table. In experiments, we compare the performance of the new algorithm with a hand-designed linear controller and a scheme using the linear controller as a bias to further accelerate the learning. By analysis of the controllability and docking time, we show that the biased learner could improve on the performance of the linear controller, while requiring substantially lower training time than unbiased learning (less than 1 hour on the real robot).