Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equalization and Precoding in Multi-User MIMO Relaying Systems and Their Diversity Bottleneck

In this paper, equalization and precoding in multiuser multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) relaying systems are considered. In particular, the user devices are connected to relays or small base stations which only cover small areas, socalled small cells. Via wireless backhaul, the relays are in turn connected to a central base station, forming a two-hop multiuser relaying system. It is shown how a naive realization of these relaying systems provokes a diversity bottleneck in the small cells, degrading the overall system performance. A strategy to prevent this bottleneck is proposed in combination with an antenna selection strategy for backhaul communication. Results obtained from numerical simulations are provided to complement the theoretical considerations. To this end, lattice-reduction-aided schemes are used to enable a full-diversity channel equalization.
Sobolev Regularity for Refinement Equations via Ergodic Theory

The refinement equation f(x) = ∑N k=0 ck f(2x− k) plays a key role in wavelet theory and in subdivision schemes in approximation theory. This paper explores the relationship of the refinement equation to the mapping τ(x) = 2x mod 1. A simple necessary condition for the existence of an integrable solution to the refinement equation is obtained by considering the periodic cycles of τ . Another simple necessary condition for the existence of an integrable solution satisfying (1+ |γ|) f̂(γ) ∈ L(R) is obtained by considering the ergodic property of τ . In particular, for p = 2 this is a necessary condition for f to lie in the Sobolev space H.
Prognostic Significance of MET Amplification and Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Background and Aims MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed and activated in a subset of gastric cancer. Several studies investigated the relationship between MET amplification and expression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of MET amplification and expression on prognosis in gastric cancer. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies that explored the association between MET amplification and expression with survival in patients with gastric cancer up to 1 April, 2013. Data of individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for meta-analyses were extracted from the publications and combined in pooled HRs. Results Fourteen studies involving 2,258 patients with gastric cancer were included. It was suggested that MET overexpression had an unfavorable impact on survival of patients with gastric cancer, with HRs (95% CIs) of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.97–3.35) overall, 2.82 (95% CI: 1.86–4.27) among studies using amplification for measure scale of MET and 2.42 (95% CI: 1.66–3.54) for expression. The magnitude of association was reduced whereas remained statistically significant in high quality studies or in larger sample size studies and corresponding HRs were 2.18(1.76, 2.70) and 2.35(1.93, 2.87), respectively, without significant heterogeneity. Conclusion The findings from present study indicated that higher MET gene amplification and expression in gastric cancer was an indicator of poor prognosis.
Prospects for Redshifted 21 cm Observations of Quasar H II Regions

The introduction of low-frequency radio arrays over the coming decade is expected to revolutionize the study of the reionization epoch. Observation of the contrast in redshifted 21 cm emission between a large H II region and the surrounding neutral IGM will be the simplest and most easily interpreted signature. We assess the sensitivity of three generations of planned low-frequency arrays to quasar-generated H II regions. We find that an instrument such as the planned Mileura Widefield Array Low Frequency Demonstrator (LFD) will be able to obtain good signal-to-noise ratios on H II regions around the most luminous quasars and determine some gross geometric properties, e.g., whether the H II region is spherical or conical. A hypothetical follow-up instrument with 10 times the collecting area of the LFD (MWA-5000) will be capable of mapping the detailed geometry of H II regions, while the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will be capable of detecting very narrow spectral features, as well as the sharpness of the H II region boundary. The SKA will most likely be limited by irreducible noise from fluctuations in the IGM itself. The MWA-5000 (and even the LFD under favorable circumstances) will discover serendipitous H II regions in wide-field observations. We estimate the number of H II regions that are expected to be generated by quasars based on the observed number counts of quasars at z ~ 6. Assuming a late reionization at z ~ 6, we find that there should be several tens of quasar H II regions larger than 4 Mpc at z ~ 6-8 per field of view. Identification of H II regions in forthcoming 21 cm surveys can guide a search for bright galaxies in the middle of these regions. Most of the discovered galaxies would be the massive hosts of dormant quasars that left behind fossil H II cavities that persisted long after the quasar emission ended, owing to the long recombination time of intergalactic hydrogen. A snapshot survey of candidate H II regions selected in redshifted 21 cm image cubes may prove to be the most efficient method for finding very high redshift quasars and galaxies.
An Evaluation of Two New Inference Control Methods

An evaluation method is developed to measure the cost/ effectiveness of two new inference control methods. The factors of the evaluation function consist of: 1) preparation cost for the control method, 2) query complexity, and 3) security level under various attacks. Each control method combines the merit of some popular concepts; the first method is based on restriction, and the second on perturbation. Simulation results indicate that both methods have higher preparation cost, better security, and faster response time than Cox's method and Beck's method. Finally these two new methods are compared to each other.
Statistical Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction Using Typing Error Rate

Error words that appear in Korean texts can be largely categorized into non-word spelling errors and context-sensitive spelling errors. Of the two, context-sensitive spelling errors are shown only when considering the meaning of the word in the given context and its syntactic relation, and they are the most difficult to correct among spelling errors. Context-sensitive spelling errors can be categorized into homophone errors, typographical errors, grammatical errors, and cross-word boundary errors. To correct context-sensitive spelling errors that occur due to typographical errors, this study proposes a statistical context-sensitive spelling check using confusion sets. With confusion sets created in advance, we can find and correct context-sensitive spelling errors using reliability based on the conditional probability between each word of the confusion sets and the context as well as the typing error rate. As a result of applying the proposed method, all 5 confusion sets showed higher precision and recall than the baseline (precision 80%, recall 80%).
Comparison of Confidence Intervals for Large Operational Biometric Data by Parametric and Non-parametric Methods | NIST

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) or Detection Error Trade-off (DET) curves are used to measure the performance of a biometric verification or identification system. To go beyond reporting the ROC/DET and to enhance evaluation of a verification system we compute the confidence intervals of the False Accept Rate (FAR) and False Reject Rate (FRR). In this paper, we validate the accuracy of variance estimators by comparing the estimators to variance computed over repeated experiments. The confidence intervals of the error rate using both parametric and non-parametric methods are evaluated. For the parametric approach, we calculate the confidence interval based on variance estimations from the survey sampling variance approach and the binomial distribution model approach. For the non-parametric approach, we use the bootstrap method to compute the confidence intervals directly. Two different datasets selected from the National Institute of Standards and technology (NIST) Proprietary Fingerprint Template Evaluation II (PFTII) program and several authentication systems are tested in the evaluation process. Then the confidence intervals from all three approaches are reported with different sample sizes.
Nonparametric Bayesian Word Sense Induction

We propose the use of a nonparametric Bayesian model, the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), for the task of Word Sense Induction. Results are shown through comparison against Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a parametric Bayesian model employed by Brody and Lapata (2009) for this task. We find that the two models achieve similar levels of induction quality, while the HDP confers the advantage of automatically inducing a variable number of senses per word, as compared to manually fixing the number of senses a priori, as in LDA. This flexibility allows for the model to adapt to terms with greater or lesser polysemy, when evidenced by corpus distributional statistics. When trained on out-of-domain data, experimental results confirm the model's ability to make use of a restricted set of topically coherent induced senses, when then applied in a restricted domain.
Matching–centrality decomposition and the forecasting of new links in networks

Networks play a prominent role in the study of complex systems of interacting entities in biology, sociology, and economics. Despite this diversity, we demonstrate here that a statistical model decomposing networks into matching and centrality components provides a comprehensive and unifying quantification of their architecture. The matching term quantifies the assortative structure in which node makes links with which other node, whereas the centrality term quantifies the number of links that nodes make. We show, for a diverse set of networks, that this decomposition can provide a tight fit to observed networks. Then we provide three applications. First, we show that the model allows very accurate prediction of missing links in partially known networks. Second, when node characteristics are known, we show how the matching–centrality decomposition can be related to this external information. Consequently, it offers us a simple and versatile tool to explore how node characteristics explain network architecture. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of the model to forecast the links that a novel node would create if it were to join an existing network.
Exploration of psychotherapists reaction when encountering clients death

V Chapter1: Introduction . 1 Aims and Objectives. 2 Rationale for This Research . 3 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 5 Introduction . 5 Points of View and Types of Death . 5 1. Psychotherapists Grief . 6 2. The vow of silence . 8 3. Reported reality . 8 4. The role of Self-care and After-care . 10 Conclusions . 11 Chapter 3: Methodology. 12 Introduction . 12 Research Strategy . 12 Sampling . 13 Data Collection . 13 Data Analysis . 14 Inclusion Criteria . 15
A Behavior Analytic Paradigm for Adaptive Autonomous Agents

B ehavior Analysis, the scientific study of animal and human behavior and learning described extensively on this Internet site (www.behavior.org), provides a strong conceptual framework for intelligent computer systems known as adaptive autonomous agents. Even as the weaknesses of existing approaches to computer agents are becoming more obvious, many trends in the field are moving toward the approaches in behavior analysis, including reinforcement learning, behavior-based robotics, vision (active, purposive, qualitative), empirical and grounded language, and others. The behavior analytic paradigm effectively addresses several of the key challenges of cognitive systems:
Electricity Industry Value Creation Strategies Based on E-Commerce

E-commerce represents a new way of conducting business transactions. The unique characteristics of e-commerce make it a potential value driver for electricity companies who have to focus on value creation after experienced significant structural changes. Creating value with e-commerce needs proper strategies. In this paper, we discuss three strategic alternatives for electricity companies: strengthening the supply chain, increasing product and service profile, and redefining the relationship with customers by cyber auctions.
Does Information Technology Always Lead to Better Firm Performance? The Role of Environmental Dynamism

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in whether and the extent to which information technology contributes to firm performance and business value. Using the resource-based view of the firm, recent research highlights the notion of IT capability of the organization and finds that higher IT capability leads to superior firm performance. This study, however, argues that one has to reckon the influence of environmental uncertainty (in this study, specifically dynamism) when evaluating the link between IT capability and business value. This study makes use of Galbraith’s information processing theory of the firm, which posits that information processing needs and capabilities must match for superior performance. Extending this argument, one would expect that organizations need much greater amounts of information in more dynamic environments and that greater information processing capabilities (accrued via superior IT capabilities) must exist in such environments and vice versa. Using cross-sectional archival data, this study finds, somewhat contrary to previous assertions, that high IT capability does not add business value to firms operating in more dynamic environments, but that it does add business value in relatively more stable environments. In addition, under low environmental dynamism condition, the performance advantages of high IT capability are found to sustain over time. These findings raise interesting implications and directions for future research. Further, environmental dynamism emerges as a quasi-moderator of the relationship between IT capability and firm performance.
A Rank-based Distance Measure to Detect Polysemy and to Determine Salient Vector-Space Features for German Prepositions

This paper addresses vector space models of prepositions, a notoriously ambiguous word class. We propose a rank-based distance measure to explore the vector-spatial properties of the ambiguous objects, focusing on two research tasks: (i) to distinguish polysemous from monosemous prepositions in vector space; and (ii) to determine salient vector-space features for a classification of preposition senses. The rank-based measure predicts the polysemy vs. monosemy of prepositions with a precision of up to 88%, and suggests preposition-subcategorised nouns as more salient preposition features than preposition-subcategorising verbs.
Enumeration and Random Generation of Unlabeled Classes of Graphs: A Practical Study of Cycle Pointing and the Dissymmetry Theorem

Our work studies the enumeration and random generation of unlabeled combinatorial classes of unrooted graphs. While the technique of vertex pointing provides a straightforward procedure for analyzing a labeled class of unrooted graphs by first studying its rooted counterpart, the existence of nontrivial symmetries in the unlabeled case causes this technique to break down. Instead, techniques such as the dissymmetry theorem (of Otter) and cycle pointing (of Bodirsky et al.) have emerged in the unlabeled case, with the former providing an enumeration of the class and the latter providing both an enumeration and an unbiased sampler. In this work, we extend the power of the dissymmetry theorem by showing that it in fact provides a Boltzmann sampler for the class in question. We then present an exposition of the cycle pointing technique, with a focus on the enumeration and random generation of the underlying unpointed class. Finally, we apply cycle pointing to enumerate and implement samplers for the classes of distance-hereditary graphs and three-leaf power graphs.
Validation of a Ligand Binding Assay Using Dried Blood Spot Sampling

Dried blood spots (DBS) technology has been introduced as a microsampling alternative to traditional plasma or serum sampling for pharmacokinetics or toxicokinetics evaluation. The application of DBS has been established for many small molecule drugs at discovery, nonclinical, and clinical stages. However, the application of DBS for large molecule therapeutics development is not yet well-established. This article describes the method validation of a ligand binding assay (LBA) for DBS sampling of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody—AMG 162 (Denosumab). The original serum LBA was modified for the DBS method. A fit-for-purpose method validation was performed to evaluate accuracy and precision, selectivity, dilutional linearity, and stability. In addition, the parameters relevant to DBS, such as spot volume, extraction recovery, whole blood stability, and hematocrit effects, were evaluated. The validation results demonstrated assay robustness with inter-assay precision of ≤19%, inter-assay accuracy of ≤9%, and total error of ≤24%. Selectivity, extraction recovery, dilutional linearity, and stability were demonstrated. The validation results revealed some limitations of the possible effect of blood hematocrit on therapeutic concentration measurements and the caution required using whole blood for standards and quality controls preparation. This is the first article to describe a thorough method validation of an LBA using DBS for a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. The lessons learned can serve as a model process for future method validation of other LBAs for large molecule therapeutics or biomarkers using the DBS sampling method.
The Effects of Acupuncture Treatment on Sleep Quality and on Emotional Measures among Individuals Living with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Purpose. To examine the effects of acupuncture on sleep quality and on emotional measures among patients with schizophrenia. Methods. Twenty patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. The study comprised a seven-day running-in no-treatment period, followed by an eight-week experimental period. During the experimental period, participants were treated with acupuncture twice a week. During the first week (no-treatment period) and the last week of the experimental period, participants filled out a broad spectrum of questionnaires and their sleep was continuously monitored by wrist actigraph. Results. A paired-sample t-test was conducted comparing objective and subjective sleep parameters manifested by participants before and after sequential acupuncture treatment. A significant effect of acupuncture treatment was observed for seven objective sleep variables: sleep onset latency, sleep percentage, mean activity level, wake time after sleep onset, mean number of wake episodes, mean wake episode and longest wake episode. However, no significant effects of acupuncture treatment were found for subjective sleep measures. Likewise, the results indicate that acupuncture treatment improved psychopathology levels and emotional measures, that is, depression level and anxiety level. Conclusions. Overall, the findings of this pilot study suggest that acupuncture has beneficial effects as a treatment for insomnia and psychopathology symptoms among patients with schizophrenia.
High Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Swedish Moose – A Phylogenetic Characterization and Comparison of the Virus from Different Regions

Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects a range of species, including humans, pigs, wild boars and deer. Zoonotic transmission may contribute to the high HEV seroprevalence in the human population of many countries. A novel divergent HEV from moose (Alces alces) in Sweden was recently identified by partial genome sequencing. Since only one strain was found, its classification within the HEV family, prevalence in moose and zoonotic potential was unclear. We therefore investigated samples from 231 moose in seven Swedish counties for HEV, and sequenced a near complete moose HEV genome. Phylogenetic analysis to classify this virus within the family Hepeviridae and to explore potential host specific determinants was performed. Methods and Findings The HEV prevalence of moose was determined by PCR (marker for active infection) and serological assays (marker of past infection) of sera and 51 fecal samples from 231 Swedish moose. Markers of active and past infection were found in 67 (29%) animals, while 34 (15%) were positive for HEV RNA, 43 (19%) were seropositive for anti-HEV antibodies, and 10 (4%) had both markers. The number of young individuals positive for HEV RNA was larger than for older individuals, and the number of anti-HEV antibody positive individuals increased with age. The high throughput sequenced moose HEV genome was 35-60% identical to existing HEVs. Partial ORF1 sequences from 13 moose strains showed high similarity among them, forming a distinct monophyletic clade with a common ancestor to HEV genotype 1-6 group, which includes members known for zoonotic transmission. Conclusions This study demonstrates a high frequency of HEV in moose in Sweden, with markers of current and past infection demonstrated in 30% of the animals. Moose is thus an important animal reservoir of HEV. The phylogenetic relationship demonstrated that the moose HEV belonged to the genotype 1-6 group, which includes strains that also infect humans, and therefore may signify a potential for zoonotic transmission of this HEV.
On the study of the optimal multi-rate throughput for multicast

This paper investigates the maximal achievable multi-rate throughput problem of a multicast session at the presence of network coding. Deviating from previous works which focus on single-rate network coding, our work takes the heterogeneity of sinks into account and provides multiple data layers to address the problem. Firstly formulated is the maximal achievable throughput problem with the assumption that the data layers are independent and layer rates are static. It is proved that the problem in this case is, unfortunately, Non-deterministic Polynomial-time(NP)-hard. In addition, also extend our formulation to the problems with dependent layers and dynamic layers.
Automated Testing of XACML-based Access Control Systems

The trustworthiness of sensitive data needs to be guaranteed and testing is a common activity among privacy protection solutions, even if quite expensive. Accesses to data and resources are ruled by the PDP (Policy Decision Point), which relies on the XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) standard language for specifying access rights. In this paper, we propose a testing strategy for automatically deriving test requests from a XACML policy and describe our pilot experience in test automation using this strategy. Considering a real two-level PDP implemented for health data security, we compare the