Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of Repression of HuR Translation by miR‐16 May Be Responsible for the Elevation of HuR in Human Breast Carcinoma

Elevated levels of RNA binding protein HuR were found in various human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying HuR over‐expression in cancers have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that miR‐16 acts as a novel post‐transcriptional regulator for HuR. Knockdown of miR‐16 increased HuR protein levels in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, while over‐expression of pre‐miR16 reduced HuR expression. Neither knockdown nor over‐expression of miR‐16 could alter the mRNA levels of HuR. Instead, knockdown of miR‐16 increased the level of de novo synthesized HuR protein. Importantly, mechanistic studies showed that miR‐16 associated with the 3′UTR of HuR, and knockdown of miR‐16 markedly increased the luciferase activity of a HuR 3′UTR‐containing reporter. We further demonstrate that the level of miR‐16 was inversely correlated with HuR protein level in human breast carcinoma. Together, our results suggest an important role of miR‐16 in regulating HuR translation and link this regulatory pathway to human breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 727–734, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Prioritized MAC Protocol for Multihop, Event-driven Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a new prioritized medium access control protocol (PSIFT) that improves the performance of event-driven wireless sensor networks by suppressing the redundant reports of sensor nodes in proximity. This suppression of similar reports results in low collision probability, shorter delay and accurate detection of events by the sink. PSIFT is a CSMA-based MAC protocol that provides traffic differentiation by varying the inter frame space and contention window size for each traffic class. We also introduce the new report suppression mechanism based on the broadcast nature of wireless transmission in PSIFT. This mechanism works very efficiently in large-scale, event-driven wireless sensor networks. Simulation results show that the new PSIFT MAC protocol can bring significant improvement in delay performance of the networks. When the sensing range grows up to transmission range, PSIFT can reduce the latency as much as three times in delivering reports as compared to the existing IEEE802.11 MAC protocol.
Foraminiferal Isotope Evidence of Reduced Nitrogen Fixation in the Ice Age Atlantic Ocean

Fixed nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient for algae in the low-latitude ocean, and its oceanic inventory may have been higher during ice ages, thus helping to lower atmospheric CO2 during those intervals. In organic matter within planktonic foraminifera shells in Caribbean Sea sediments, we found that the 15N/14N ratio from the last ice age is higher than that from the current interglacial, indicating a higher nitrate 15N/14N ratio in the Caribbean thermocline. This change and other species-specific differences are best explained by less N fixation in the Atlantic during the last ice age. The fixation decrease was most likely a response to a known ice age reduction in ocean N loss, and it would have worked to balance the ocean N budget and to curb ice age–interglacial change in the N inventory.
Simulation of swallowing dysfunction and mechanical ventilation after a Montgomery T-tube insertion

The Montgomery T-tube is used as a combined tracheal stent and airway after laryngotracheoplasty, to keep the lumen open and prevent mucosal laceration from scarring. It is valuable in the management of upper and mid-tracheal lesions, while invaluable in long and multisegmental stenting lesions. Numerical simulations based on real-patient-tracheal geometry, experimental tissue characterization, and previous numerical estimation of the physiological swallowing force are performed to estimate the consequences of Montgomery T-tube implantation on swallowing and assisted ventilation: structural analysis of swallowing is performed to evaluate patient swallowing capacity, and computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to analyze related mechanical ventilation. With an inserted Montgomery T-tube, vertical displacement (Z-axis) reaches 8.01 mm, whereas in the Y-axis, it reaches 6.63 mm. The maximal principal stress obtained during swallowing was 1.6 MPa surrounding the hole and in the upper contact with the tracheal wall. Fluid flow simulation of the mechanical ventilation revealed positive pressure for both inhalation and exhalation, being higher for inspiration. The muscular deflections, considerable during normal breathing, are nonphysiological, and this aspect results in a constant overload of the tracheal muscle. During swallowing, the trachea ascends producing a nonhomogeneous elongation. This movement can be compromised when prosthesis is inserted, which explains the high incidence of glottis close inefficiency. Fluid simulations showed that nonphysiological pressure is established inside the trachea due to mechanical ventilation. This may lead to an overload of the tracheal muscle, explaining several related problems as muscle thinning or decrease in contractile function.
Protein kinase C inhibits amyloid β‐peptide neurotoxicity by acting on members of the Wnt pathway

Current evidence supports the notion that the amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) plays a major role in the neurotoxicity observed in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. However, the signal transduction mechanisms involved still remain unknown. In the present work, we analyzed the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on some members of the Wnt signaling pathway and its implications for Aβ neurotoxicity. Activation of PKC by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate protected rat hippocampal neurons from Aβ toxicity. This effect was accomplished by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity, which led to the accumulation of cytoplasmic β‐catenin and transcriptional activation via β‐catenin/T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor‐1 (TCF/LEF1) of Wnt target genes, which in the present study were engrailed‐1 (en‐1) and cyclin D1 (cycD1). In contrast, inhibition of Ca2+‐dependent PKC isoforms activated GSK‐3β and offered no protection from Aβ neurotoxicity. Wnt‐3a and lithium salts, classical activators of the Wnt pathway, mimicked PKC activation. Our results suggest that regulation of members of the Wnt signaling pathway by Ca2+‐dependent PKC isoforms may be important in controlling the neurotoxic process induced by Aβ.
The major tegumental antigen of Fasciola hepatica contains repeated elements

In order to provide a better understanding of the interaction between the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and the immune system of its mammalian host immunoreactive λ bacteriophage clones containing F. hepatica cDNA have been isolated. Plasmids from these clones were sequenced and found to encode a family of proteins containing certain common elementsThe nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the GenBank database with the accession number AF153056. All the clones contained a coding repeating sequence (RRRXCA) which is conserved at the nucleic acid level followed by a non-repeating element coding for the C terminal used by the proteins which shows conservation of amino acids at certain positions. Antisera raised against a β-galactosidase fusion protein with one of these sequences as a terminal extension was used to localize the immunoreactive antigens. Binding was predominantly in the tegument of the juvenile fluke but was reduced in the adult tegument. The wall of the uterus showed strong reactivity in the adult. Rats immunized with the β- galactosidase fusion protein showed enhanced resistance to challenge infections. The role of these antigens in the host response to infection by F. hepatica is discussed.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoke in Bleomicyn Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat Model

The role of cigarette smoking in the development and outcome of pulmonary fibrosis is uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of route of bleomycin exposure in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the effects of cigarette smo- ke on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We studied five groups of rats; 1-control group, 2-intratracheal bleomycin (IT), 3- int- ratracheal bleomycin plus cigarette smoke for 4 wk (IT-S), 4- inhaled bleomycin (IN), 5- inhaled bleomycin plus cigarette smo- ke for 4 wk (IN-S). According to Aschoft's criteria, fibrosis score was higher in IT and IT-S compared to control, IN and IN- S groups. There was no significant difference between IT and IT-S groups. Histopathological evaluation of the lungs of rats revealed that neutrophils, macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes in alveolar interstitial space were significantly higher in IT and IT-S compared to IN and IN-S (p< 0.001). IT and IT-S showed a severe collagen, laminin, elastin, fibronectin and proteoglican levels in alveolar, vascular, airway and interstitial space. IN and IN-S showed mild inflammation in lung. There were alveolitis, edema, peribronchial fibrosis, fibroblast proliferation and emphysematous lesions in all groups except for the control group. In this study, we showed that in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, intratracheal administration of bleomycin is more effective than bleomycin inhalation and smoking has no additional effect on development of fibrosis.
Collaborative Relay Beamforming Strategies for Multiple Destinations with Guaranteed QoS in Wireless Machine-to-Machine Networks

The Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications allow information exchange between machine devices, which can be carried out without any human interaction. However, there are a large number of small and low-power machine devices in the wireless M2M networks. To guarantee the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the destination devices, we study the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay beamforming, where multiple relay M2M devices can transmit signals from the source M2M device to multiple destination M2M devices. In this paper, we propose two iterative strategies to jointly optimize the source antenna selection and the collaborative relay beamforming weights with the aid of perfect channel state information (CSI). The aim of the proposed strategies is to maximize the worst-case received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) under two different types of relay power constraints, which are the total relay power constraint and individual relay power constraints, respectively. Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, the optimization problem of collaborative relay beamforming can be formulated as a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, which can be optimally solved. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that after several iterations, the performance of the proposed iterative strategies can obtain near-optimal performance.
Large-scale privatization in transition economies

To explain the slow progress of mass privatization programs in Eastern Europe, the authors present a model based on a positive spillover between aggregate privatization and the individual expected return to privatization, derived from a potential populist backlash if costly reforms do not bring forth sufficient aggregate privatization. The model allows for the simultaneous existence of a pessimistic zero-privatization trap and an optimistic full-privatization equilibrium defined by a critical mass of expected privatization. While both privatization subsidies and minimum-income guarantees can by themselves secure coordination on the optimistic equilibrium, the financing constraint may offset the direct effect. Copyright 1993 by American Economic Association.
Segmented motion compensation for complementary coded ultrasonic imaging

Ultrasonic imaging using complementary coded pulses offers the SNR improvements of signal coding without the filter side-lobes introduced by single-transmit codes. Tissue motion between coded pulse emissions, however, can introduce high side-lobes caused by misalignment of complementary filter outputs. This paper presents a method for filtering and motion compensation of complementary coded signals appropriate for use in medical imaging. The method is robust to the effects of non-ideal transducers on the imaging signals, includes mirrored compensation stages to reduce the impact of motion estimation error, and has been shown to reduce side-lobes to levels that compare favorably to systems using FM-coded signals of similar length and bandwidth while providing increased coding gain and range resolution. In addition, motion compensation allows the received data to be used without the frame-rate penalty usually incurred by complementary-coded imaging. The method has been verified using simulated point and speckle targets with both homogeneous and inhomogeneous motion profiles. Selected results have been verified experimentally.
An Explanation of the Behavior of Personal Savings in the United States in Recent Years

A sharp increase in the real interest rates in the U.S. in the 1980s was expected to induce a higher personal saving rate. Actually, between 1981 and 1983 the personal saving rate fell from 7.5 percent to 5.4 percent and for the 1985-1988 period it had averaged only 4 percent even though real interest rates have remained high. We argue that one possible explanation for this negative relation between interest rates and the personal saving rate is the large fraction of wealth, especially financial wealth, held by persons over 65 years old (this group has received more than 50 percent of all interest income in the U.S. during this period). Life cycle theory suggests, as we demonstrate, that the wealth effect created by an increase in the rate of interest reduces the savings of old persons and raises savings of the young and hence the effect on aggregate savings depends on the age distribution in the population.
Vernakalant is superior to ibutilide for achieving sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial at the emergency department.

AIMS Ibutilide is a rapid-acting antiarrhythmic drug with worldwide use for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Vernakalant, approved in the EU in 2010, is likewise used intravenously, with proven efficacy and safety compared with placebo and amiodarone in randomized clinical trials. The aim of our study was to compare the time to conversion and the conversion rate within 90 min in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation treated with vernakalant or ibutilide. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized controlled trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01447862) was performed in 100 patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation treated at the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Patients received up to two short infusions of vernakalant (n = 49; 3 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg if necessary) or ibutilide (n = 51; 1 mg followed by another 1 mg if necessary) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Clinical and laboratory variables, adverse events, conversion rates, and time to conversion were recorded. Time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm was significantly shorter in the vernakalant group compared with the ibutilide group (median time: 10 vs. 26 min, P = 0.01), and likewise the conversion success within 90 min was significantly higher in the vernakalant group (69 vs. 43%, log-rank P = 0.002). No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Vernakalant was superior to ibutilide in converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in the emergency department setting.
Variation in the Abundance of OsHAK1 Transcript Underlies the Differential Salinity Tolerance of an indica and a japonica Rice Cultivar

Salinity imposes a major constraint over the productivity of rice. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), derived from a cross between the japonica type cultivar (cv.) Nipponbare (salinity sensitive) and the indica type cv. 9311 (moderately tolerant), was scored using a hydroponics system for their salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. Two of the CSSLs, which share a ∼1.2 Mbp stretch of chromosome 4 derived from cv. Nipponbare, were as sensitive to the stress as cv. Nipponbare itself. Fine mapping based on an F2 population bred from a backcross between one of these CSSLs and cv. 9311 narrowed this region to 95 Kbp, within which only one gene (OsHAK1) exhibited a differential (lower) transcript abundance in cv. Nipponbare and the two CSSLs compared to in cv. 9311. The gene was up-regulated by exposure to salinity stress both in the root and the shoot, while a knockout mutant proved to be more salinity sensitive than its wild type with respect to its growth at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. Seedlings over-expressing OsHAK1 were more tolerant than wild type, displaying a superior photosynthetic rate, a higher leaf chlorophyll content, an enhanced accumulation of proline and a reduced level of lipid peroxidation. At the transcriptome level, the over-expression of OsHAK1 stimulated a number of stress-responsive genes as well as four genes known to be involved in Na+ homeostasis and the salinity response (OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsLti6a and OsLti6b). When the stress was applied at booting through to maturity, the OsHAK1 over-expressors out-yielded wild type by 25%, and no negative pleiotropic effects were expressed in plants gown under non-saline conditions. The level of expression of OsHAK1 was correlated with Na+/K+ homeostasis, which implies that the gene should be explored a target for molecular approaches to the improvement of salinity tolerance in rice.
DETERMINAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1982-2012

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah terdapat pengaruh antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat pengangguran dan pengeluaran pemerintah untuk pengentasan kemiskinan terhadap kemiskinan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis desktiptif dan analisis ekonometrika. Analisis ekonometrika dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Squre (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semua variabel independen secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi variabel dependen dibuktikan dari nilai probabilitas (F-statistic) lebih kecil dari α 5%. Hasil Uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat pengangguran berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kemiskian dengan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari α 5%, sedangkan variable pengeluaran pemerintah untuk pengentasan kemiskinan tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kemiskinan dengan nilai probabilitas lebih besar dari α 5%. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel dependen dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel independen sebesar 59% dan sisanya sebesar 41% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar model. The study aimed to assess whether there is influence between economic growth, unemployment and government expenditure on poverty alleviation for poverty. The analysis used in this study is a descriptive and econometric analysis. Econometric analysis in this study is a multiple linier regression with the method of Ordinary Least Squre (OLS). The research result show that all of independent variable influence dependent variable is proved from value of probability (F-statistic) is smaller than a 5%. Result of t experiment shows that variable of economic growth and unemployment level influence partially for poverty by probability number that is smaller than a 5%, whereas value of government expenditure on poverty alleviation doesn’t influence partially to poverty by probability value is bigger than a 5%. Result of determination coefficient experiment shows that dependent variable can be explained by independent variable for 59% and the remaining for 41% is explained by other variable of out of model.
A radioimmunoassay for the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril and its active metabolite.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the measurement of 2-[N-[(S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-(1S,3S,5S)- 2-azabicyclo[3.3. 0]octane-3-carboxylic acid (ramipril, Hoe 498) and its active metabolite (diacid: hydrolysis product of ramipril) in serum or plasma. Antibodies to the diacid were raised in rabbits against a lysine analogue conjugated to bovine serum albumin. A 125I-ramipril-diacid derivative was used as radioligand. Separation of the antibody-bound and free radiolabeled ligand was achieved by employing a polyethylene glycol solution. The RIA is specific for the active metabolite (diacid). Studies on specificity showed less than 0.6% cross-reactivity with intact ramipril or with dioxopiperazine metabolites. The levels for intact ramipril were obtained by prior enzymatic hydrolysis to the diacid. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.1 and 0.5 ng/ml for diacid and ramipril, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 3 to 14% at 1 to 30 ng diacid per ml. A recovery experiment yielded an average of 103%. The assay has been used to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of both ramipril and its pharmacologically active metabolite.
Human autoreactive T cells recognize CD1b and phospholipids

Significance Peptides are known to be targets of autoreactive T cells that can cause autoimmune diseases. Here we show that human T cells recognize self-lipids displayed on the surface of cells by CD1b proteins. A particular lipid that is recognized by CD1b autoreactive cells, phosphatidylglycerol, is present in mammalian mitochondria and in bacteria. Therefore, these data define a phospholipid autoantigen that is released during mitochondrial stress and bacterial infection. In contrast with the common detection of T cells that recognize MHC, CD1a, CD1c, or CD1d proteins, CD1b autoreactive T cells have been difficult to isolate in humans. Here we report the development of polyvalent complexes of CD1b proteins and carbohydrate backbones (dextramers) and their use in identifying CD1b autoreactive T cells from human donors. Activation is mediated by αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) binding to CD1b-phospholipid complexes, which is sufficient to activate autoreactive responses to CD1b-expressing cells. Using mass spectrometry and T-cell responses to scan through the major classes of phospholipids, we identified phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as the immunodominant lipid antigen. T cells did not discriminate the chemical differences that distinguish mammalian PG from bacterial PG. Whereas most models of T-cell recognition emphasize TCR discrimination of differing self and foreign structures, CD1b autoreactive T cells recognize lipids with dual self and foreign origin. PG is rare in the cellular membranes that carry CD1b proteins. However, bacteria and mitochondria are rich in PG, so these data point to a more general mechanism of immune detection of infection- or stress-associated lipids.
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using PCA and genetically optimized neural network

Diabetes is considered today as the disease of the century given the number of diabetics that is constantly increasing. Plenty of research work has been done to carry out the classification or diagnosis of diabetes. In this paper, we presented a method for the diagnosis of diabetes based on Genetically Optimized Neural Network classifier. Proposed methodology is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Neural Network (NN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) where PCA is used for dimensionality reduction and GA is used for performance improvement of NN classifier.
Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins.

Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrate structures and can thus recognize particular glycoconjugates among the vast array expressed in animal'tissues. Most animal lectins can be clas- sified into four distinct families (1): C-type lectins (including the selectins); P-type lectins; pentraxins; and galectins (2), formerly known as S-type or S-Lac lectins (1). The purpose of this short review is to provide a framework for integrating the rapid increase in knowledge of the diversity, structure, and function of the galectins. While the emphasis here is on mammalian galectins, impor- tant advances are also being made in studies of galectins in other species, including nematode (3) and sponge (4).