Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiment on Using Model-Based Testing for Automatic Tests Generation on a Software Radio Protocol

Abstract: In this paper we present an industrial experiment r po t on the use of automatic tests generation integrated to Model-Based Testing solutions. We det ail the different necessary steps to integrate the automatic tests generation in a model-driven design flow. The case-study is an embedded software radio protocol. UML has been used to model the system with a componentbased approach. The experimented automatic tests generation tool is provided by Smartesting.
Comparison of regional lower limb glucose metabolism in older adults during walking

Glucose metabolism in lower limb muscles during walking has an important role in gait efficiency and endurance. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in muscle activity during walking between healthy young and older adults using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Ten healthy young men (24 ± 2 years) and 10 healthy older men (76 ± 2 years) participated in this study. An FDG PET assessment of each subject was conducted after 50 min of treadmill walking. The images of glucose metabolism in 18 regions of interest were estimated from the standardized uptake value (SUV). The older adults showed a significantly higher FDG uptake in the semitendinosus, biceps femoris, iliacus, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus muscles than the young adults: FDG uptake ratios of SUV in the old to SUV in the young were 3.02, 3.19, 1.66, 1.64, 3.68, and 3.05, respectively. During walking, the FDG uptake in older adults was higher in hamstrings and deep layer hip muscles than that in young adults. These results suggest that intervention to facilitate efficient muscle activity during walking should be practiced to improve gait endurance in older adults with impaired walking patterns.
Development of an on-line molecularly imprinted chemiluminescence sensor for determination of trace olaquindox in chick feeds.

BACKGROUND Olaquindox, as one of the antimicrobial growth accelerants, is usually used in livestock production to improve feed efficiency. Due to health concerns over possible carcinogenic, mutagenic and photoallergenic effects of olaquindox on animals, the development of simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method for determination of olaquindox is crucial and necessary. RESULTS In this study, a surface molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by a molecular imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process using activated silica gel as a support material. This imprinted material exhibited with good recognition and selective ability, and fast adsorption-desorption dynamics toward olaquindox. Using it as the recognition element, a new on-line molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled with chemiluminescence sensor for the determination of olaquindox was developed. The factors affecting preconcentration of the analytes and sensitivity of the method were all investigated. Under the optimal condition, the linear range of the calibration graph was between 2 × 10(-8) and 1 × 10(-6) g mL(-1) , and the detection limit of this method was 7 × 10(-9) g mL(-1) . The blank chick feed samples spiked with olaquindox at 0.3, 0.9 and 1.5 µg g(-1) levels were extracted and determined by this presented method with recoveries ranging from 87% to 94%. This method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the results correlated well with those obtained by both methods. Moreover, this method was quantitatively analysed with two contaminated chick feed samples. CONCLUSION This study will provide a sensitive and fast method for the monitoring of olaquindox residues in foods.
Empirical Insights on the Trading Behavior of UK Leveraged ETFs

Objective. This paper focuses on UK leveraged Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and examines their ability to meet their daily targets, the impact of volatility on targets’ achievement, and their pricing efficiency. Methodology. Standard regression analysis is used to evaluate performance, tracking efficiency and persistence in tracking failures, and the relationship between tracking efficiency and market volatility. Moreover, the pricing efficiency is examined along with the persistence in premium and the influence of market factors on premium. Findings. Results reveal that ETFs achieve their targets but occasionally tracking error can be significant. Furthermore, increases in market volatility relate to higher and lower tracking errors for bull and bear ETFs respectively. Moreover, average premiums testify a sufficient fit between trading prices and net asset values whereas the premiums are eliminated sharply. Moreover, the pricing efficiency of bear ETFs is positively associated with benchmark returns. The opposite is the case for bull ETFs. Finally, the pricing deviations are positively related to benchmarks’ volatility. Limitations. A possible limitation is that our sample includes just nine bear and sixteen bull ETFs even though more than 90 leveraged ETFs are traded on the UK market and our results may not be indicative of the entire UK leveraged ETF market. However, we had to use a small sample of ETFs because the trading activity of the rest ETFs has been very poor and, consequently, our analysis could have been biased by a thin trading effect. Originality/Value. This is the first study to examine the UK market of leveraged ETFs.
GEOENGINEERING CLIMATE CHANGE SOLUTIONS : PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES FOR NATIONAL AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

With temperature increases likely to be above the 2 degrees Celsius maximum desired to avoid the worst effects of climate change, the idea of using controversial geoengineering approaches has become an open discussion. Using such approaches, however, raises many public policy issues in global and national governance including what agency or governing body should monitor and regulate such potentially risky activities. This paper will describe several approaches to geoengineering currently being proposed. The potential problems and unintended negative effects that might result from activities will be discussed. Suggestions regarding how such activities may be monitored and regulated as well as what organizations or agencies should be the monitors and regulators will be presented.
In Vivo Determination of Bone Structure in Postmenopausal Women: A Comparison of HR‐pQCT and High‐Field MR Imaging

Bone structural measures obtained by two noninvasive imaging tools—3T MRI and HR‐pQCT—were compared. Significant but moderate correlations and 2‐ to 4‐fold discrepancies in parameter values were detected, suggesting that differences in acquisition and analysis must be considered when interpreting data from these imaging modalities.
Power and Ideology in Michel Foucault and Antonio Gramsci: A Comparative Analysis

In devising their theories of power and ideology both Gramsci and Foucault make use of Machiavelli's notion of "relations of force". They therefore diffuse the power relations to the complex mechanisms of society. Power in Gramscian analysis resides in ideology. Or in other words, to be conscious of the complex social network-hegemonic forces-within which an individual realizes himself already generates power. Once a social group is able to modify the ensemble of these relations and make it "common sense", it is creating a hegemonic order. The concept of power is everywhere in Foucault's analyses as well as in his theory. Power is "omnipresent". It comes from everywhere and is produced every moment. Similar to Gramsci, Foucault also sees power as a relation of force that only exists in action. Foucault's basic difference from Gramsci is that the latter saw power relations in terms of binary oppositions(such as the leaders and the led, the rulers and the ruled etc.). For Foucault though, power, as well as the resistance it generates, are diffused and not localized in some points.
The growth inhibitory effects of vitamins K and their actions on gene expression

A characteristic defect occurs in rat and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting in a loss of function of the vitamin K‐dependent enzyme gamma‐glutamyl‐carboxylase in the tumor but not in the underlying liver. This causes the secretion of elevated levels of the immature or des‐gamma‐carboxylated form of prothrombin, which is used as a marker of HCC. We investigated whether, using the defined conditions of growing HCC cell lines in tissue culture, addition of the naturally occurring vitamins K1 or K2 or the synthetic vitamin K3 could influence the secretion of immature prothrombin. We found that vitamins K1, K2, and K3 all suppressed the secretion of immature prothrombin into the tissue culture medium. Vitamins K2 and K3 were also found to inhibit growth of the HCC cell line, in an apparently nontoxic and reversible manner. The influence of the vitamins K on the expression of some genes related to vitamin K action was examined and compared with that of another growth inhibitor, TGFβ1 protein. The vitamins K were found to increase the expression of prothrombin and carboxylase messenger RNA and c‐myc messenger RNA, but had no effects on the expression of TGFβ1 messenger RNA. By contrast, TGFβ1 increased TGFβ1 messenger RNA levels, but had no effects on the other genes, suggesting a different pathway. The previously studied vitamin K3‐mediated inhibition of growth was antagonized by the addition of catalase to the culture medium, but the inhibitory effects of vitamin K2 were not antagonized. These experiments show that the vitamins K are a class of growth inhibitors that have a novel mechanism, possibly involving carboxylation. (Hepatology 1995; 22:876–882.)
Characterization of oocyte-expressed GDF9 gene in buffalo and mapping of its TSS and putative regulatory elements

Summary In spite of emerging evidence about the vital role of GDF9 in determination of oocyte competence, there is insufficient information about its regulation of oocyte-specific expression, particularly in livestock animals. Because of the distinct prominence of buffalo as a dairy animal, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize GDF9 cDNA using orthologous primers based on the bovine GDF9 sequence. GDF9 transcripts were found to be expressed in oocytes irrespective of their follicular origin, and shared a single transcription start site (TSS) at –57 base pairs (bp) upstream of ATG. Assignment of the TSS is consistent with the presence of a TATA element at –23 of the TSS mapped in this study. Localization of a buffalo-specific minimal promoter within 320 bp upstream of ATG was consolidated by identification of an E-box element at –113bp. Presence of putative transcription factor binding sites and other cis regulatory elements were analyzed at ~5 kb upstream of TSS. Various germ cell-specific cis-acting regulatory elements (BNCF, BRNF, NR2F, SORY, Foxh1, OCT1, LHXF etc.) have been identified in the 5′ flanking region of the buffalo GDF9 gene, including NOBOX DNA binding elements and consensuses E-boxes (CANNTG). Presence of two conserved E-boxes found on buffalo sequence at –520 and –718 positions deserves attention in view of its sequence deviation from other species. Two NOBOX binding elements (NBE) were detected at the –3471 and –203 positions. The fall of the NBE within the putative minimal promoter territory of buffalo GDF9 and its unique non-core binding sequence could have a possible role in the control of the core promoter activity.
Response to the “Letter to the Editor” by Dant, Stricklin and Millage on our Article: “Subject-Based versus Population- Based Care after Radiation Exposure”

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Nucleosome Position-Dependent and -Independent Activation of HIS7 Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Different Transcriptional Activators

ABSTRACT ARO4 and HIS7 are two tandemly orientated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are transcribed into the same direction. The ARO4 terminator and the HIS7 promoter regions are sensitive to Micrococcus nuclease (Mnase) and separated by a positioned nucleosome. The HIS7 promoter is target for the transcription factors Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p that activate its transcription upon amino acid starvation and purine limitation, respectively. Activation of the HIS7 gene by Gcn4p overexpression but not by Bas1p/Bas2p releases an ordered nucleosome distribution to yield increased Mnase sensitivity throughout the intergenic region. This remodeling is SNF2 dependent but mostly GCN5 independent. Accordingly, SNF2 is necessary for the Gcn4p-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIS7 gene. GCN5 is required for activation upon adenine limitation by Bas1p/Bas2p. Our data suggest that activation of HIS7 transcription by Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p is supported by a nucleosome position-dependent and -independent mechanism, respectively. Whereas Gcn4p activation causes Swi/Snf-mediated remodeling of the nucleosomal architecture at the HIS7 promoter, the Bas1p/Bas2p complex presumably activates in combination with Gcn5p-dependent histone acetylation.
Synergistic Effect of Interleukin‐1α and Ceramide Analogue on Production of Prostaglandin E2 and F2α by Endometrial Stromal Cells

PROBLEM: Prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesized in the endometrium. Our objective was to evaluate interleukin (IL)‐1α‐induced production of PGE2 and PGF2α in endometrial stromal cells (ESC) following treatment with ceramide analogues. METHODS OF STUDY: ESC were obtained from human uterine endometrium by enzymic digestion and filtration. ESC were treated with IL‐1α, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (ra), C2‐ceramide and C6‐ceramide. The concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α in media were determined using ELISA. The induction of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)‐2 mRNA was also ascertained by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). RESULTS: The production of PGE2 and PGF2α was significantly increased by IL‐1α and suppressed by IL‐1 ra, in a dose‐dependent manner. PGF2α production was further increased by treatment with the combination of IL‐1α and C2‐ceramide as compared with IL‐1α treatment alone. There was no significant difference in PGE2 production between cells treated with IL‐1α and C2‐ceramide and those treated with IL‐1α alone. Both PGE2 and PGF2α production were significantly increased by treatment with IL‐1α and C6‐ceramide as compared with IL‐1α treatment alone. Treatment of ESC with IL‐1α stimulated PGHS‐2 mRNA. PGHS‐2 mRNA was decreased when IL‐1 ra was added to the IL‐1α‐stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL‐1α stimulates the production of PGE2 and PGF2α by a mechanism that involves the sphingomyelin‐ceramide system, and thus that ceramide may be important in increasing the production of PGE2 and PGF2α in the human endometrium.
A Novel Approach for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using the Concept of Computer Vision

: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema are basic confusions of diabetes which can prompt vision misfortune. The reviewing of DR is a genuinely mind boggling process that requires the discovery of fine highlights, for example, micro aneurysms, intraregional hemorrhages, and intraregional micro vascular anomalies. Along these lines, there can be a decent measure of grader fluctuation. There are distinctive techniques for acquiring the reference standard and settling contradictions among graders, and keeping in mind that it is generally acknowledged that mediation until full accord will yield the best reference standard, the contrast between different strategies for settling differences has not been inspected broadly. According to the extending use of sugar materials in human life and creating example of the machine life, the prevalence of diabetes is on the rising. It is observed all patients with this affliction for the most part experience the evil impacts of decrease or mishap their vision. For the modified examination of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and affirmation of a diabetic eye from a sound eye. In this paper basically we proposed an approach where we try to find the diabetic retinopathy by using of the human retina eye. In this work basically we did the comparative analysis for the healthy eye and diabetic retinopathy eye. As per the result our proposed approach performs well as compare to previous existing approach
Microarray Analysis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of chronic renal failure in children. Recent studies have begun to define the molecular pathogenesis of this heterogeneous condition. Here we use oligonucleotide microarrays to obtain a global gene expression profile of kidney biopsy specimens from patients with FSGS in order to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: We extracted RNA from renal biopsy samples of 10 patients with the diagnosis of FSGS and from 5 control kidney samples, and produced labeled cRNA for hybridization to Affymetrix human U133A microarrays. Results: We identified a gene expression fingerprint for FSGS that contained 429 of 22,283 possible genes, each with a p < 0.01, using RMA normalization, Welch t test, and at least a 1.8-fold change in 5 of the 10 patients examined. We also found gene expression differences in samples from subsets of patients who had either nephrotic syndrome or renal insufficiency. This screen identified many genes and genetic pathways that have already been implicated in the pathogenesis of FSGS. In addition, we found changes in gene expression in genetic pathways that have not been studied in FSGS. Conclusions: Oligonucleotide DNA microarray analysis of renal biopsy specimens identified a gene expression fingerprint in samples from a heterogeneous population of patients with FSGS. The genes and genetic pathways identified in this study can be compared to results of similar studies of other diseases to examine specificity and used to study the pathogenesis of FSGS.
NATURE, OBJECTS, AND SCOPE OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

This chapter gives a broad view of the discipline of Cultural Anthropology: the study of human beings from the perspective of their cultures and societies, both from a synchronic and a diachronic standpoint. Cultural Anthropology is one of the three (or four) major branches of the broader field of Anthropology, and this chapter discusses its nature, objects and scope also in relation in the wider anthropological context, including an analysis of the concept of Ethnology – a synonym of Anthropology as well as a subbranch dealing with division of human beings into groups, distribution, relations and characteristics. This chapter also analyzes the sub-branch of Ethnography, i.e. the scientific description of specific cultures, sub-cultures, cultural environments or cultural productions on which anthropological theories, analysis and conceptualizations are based. In this way it ushers the reader into the chapters that follow in this volume for deeper aspects of the subjects. The volume, in fact, is organized in order to sketch a panoramic view of the methods employed in, and of the main subject treated by, Cultural Anthropology.
Effect of Fat- and Carbohydrate-Rich Diets on Metabolism and Running Performance in Trained Adolescent Boys

Objectives: A randomized crossover trial was designed to analyze the impact of a short-term, isoenergetic fat-rich or carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet on substrate oxidation rates during submaximal exercise and on performance in a 10,000-m running time trial in trained, mid- to late-pubertal boys. Methods: An incremental test was performed to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). After 2 days on a fat-rich (24.2% ± 0.8% CHO, 60.4% ± 0.3% fat, and 15.5% ± 1.0% protein), CHO-rich (69.3% ± 1.2% CHO, 15.9% ± 2.1% fat, and 15.1% ± 1.1% protein), or habitual (56.1% ± 7.0% CHO, 27.5% ± 4.9% fat, and 16.5% ± 4.0% protein) diet, 19 trained adolescent boys (15.2 ± 1.5 years) performed a 10-minute constant run at 65% VO2peak to determine the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise and 10,000-m running on an outdoor track. Results: During the constant run, the RER and CHO contribution to energy expenditure were lower, and fat contribution higher, in the fat-rich diet than in the CHO-rich diet (P < 0.05), but the results were not different from those of the habitual diet. Performance in the 10,000-m run after consuming CHO- and fat-rich diets was similar to performance after a habitual diet (50.0 ± 7.0, 51.9 ± 8.3, and 50.9 ± 7.4 minutes, respectively), but consuming a CHO-rich diet enhanced performance compared with that after a fat-rich diet (P = 0.03). Conclusions: These findings indicate that a CHO-rich diet provides additional benefits to 10,000-m running performance in trained adolescent boys compared with a fat-rich diet.
Transfusion‐transmitted virus DNA in serum, tear and aqueous humour of patients undergoing cataract operation

Purpose: Transfusion‐transmitted virus (TTV) is a novel non‐enveloped, single‐stranded DNA virus with unclear pathogenesis throughout the world. Many studies were conducted to determine this virus in various body fluids and different primer sets have been tested for accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to collect data on the prevalence of TTV in serum, tear and aqueous humour of patients undergoing planned cataract surgery and to determine efficacy of three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.