Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal Club: incidental thyroid nodules detected at imaging: can diagnostic workup be reduced by use of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound recommendations and the three-tiered system?

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the number of thyroid nodule workups that could be eliminated and the number of malignant tumors that would be missed if the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) recommendations and the three-tiered system were applied to incidental thyroid nodules (ITN) detected at imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included ITN in 390 consecutively registered patients who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of one or more thyroid nodules from July 2010 to June 2011. Images were reviewed, and nodules were categorized according to two workup criteria: ITN seen on ultrasound images were categorized according to SRU recommendations, and those seen on CT, MR, or PET/CT images were classified according to the three-tiered risk-categorization system. RESULTS In this study 114 of 390 (29%) patients had nodules first detected incidentally during imaging studies, and 107 patients met the inclusion criteria. These patients had 47 ITN seen at ultrasound and 60 ITN seen at either CT, MRI, or PET/CT. If the SRU recommendations had been applied, 14 of 47 (30%) patients with ITN on ultrasound images would not have received fine-needle aspiration and one of four cases of cancer would have been missed. The missed malignant tumor was a 14-mm localized papillary carcinoma. If the three-tiered system had been applied, 21 of 60 (35%) patients with ITN on CT, MR, or PET/CT images would not have received fine-needle aspiration, but none of the three malignancies would have been missed. Overall, 35 of 107 (33%) of patients with ITN did not meet the SRU recommendations or the three-tiered criteria. CONCLUSION Use of the SRU recommendations and three-tiered system can reduce the workup of ITN by one third compared with current practice without specific guidelines. One case of localized papillary carcinoma was missed when the SRU recommendations were used.
Constructing Subjects, Producing Subjectivities: Developing Analytic Needs in Discursive Psychology

The publication of Potter and Wetherell’s (1987) blueprint for a discursive social psychology was a pivotal moment in the discursive turn in psychology. That transformational text went on to underpin much contemporary discursive psychology; paving the way for what has become an enriching range of analytic approaches, and epistemological and ontological arguments (Wetherell, Taylor and Yates, 2001a; 2001b). Twenty years on, and as discursive psychology continues to develop, the approaches it encompasses are becoming more vibrantly contested and a range of positions are forming around what one might appropriately designate a discursive psychology, and what form that discursive psychology should take (Wetherell, forthcoming, 2007). In this exploratory paper I pursue some of these debates insofar as they offer analytic resources for my PhD study of women’s accounts of success and failure. I outline two different strands in discursive psychology; an epistemological constructionism concerned with how meaning is established in interaction; and an ontological constructionism, which takes this somewhat further by looking at the implications of constructions for subjects and subjectivity. I consider a range of resources available for a discursive psychology attentive to the everyday practices of lived lives, to the intersubjective production of meanings and to the theorisation of individual history and individual differences. As part of this, I explore the potential contribution of a psycho-social discursive psychology, significant for the inextricable connection it makes between individual and society, and for how it might inform notions of a dynamic, acting, individual. In this, however, I query whether a discursive psycho-social psychology must necessarily draw upon traditional psychoanalytic architectures.
Unimodal and Multimodal Biometric Sensing Systems: A Review

Biometric systems are used for the verification and identification of individuals using their physiological or behavioral features. These features can be categorized into unimodal and multimodal systems, in which the former have several deficiencies that reduce the accuracy of the system, such as noisy data, inter-class similarity, intra-class variation, spoofing, and non-universality. However, multimodal biometric sensing and processing systems, which make use of the detection and processing of two or more behavioral or physiological traits, have proved to improve the success rate of identification and verification significantly. This paper provides a detailed survey of the various unimodal and multimodal biometric sensing types providing their strengths and weaknesses. It discusses the stages involved in the biometric system recognition process and further discusses multimodal systems in terms of their architecture, mode of operation, and algorithms used to develop the systems. It also touches on levels and methods of fusion involved in biometric systems and gives researchers in this area a better understanding of multimodal biometric sensing and processing systems and research trends in this area. It furthermore gives room for research on how to find solutions to issues on various unimodal biometric systems.
Cognitive function and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), impairment of cognitive function, i.e. deficits in memory, attention, and visuconstructive abilities are common. We applied different forms of treatment for patients with newly diagnosed OSAS in a randomized study with a one‐year follow‐up. Patients with BMI > 40 kg/m4 and the Bourdon‐Wiersma (r=0.36). Success in treatment of OSAS did not affect neuropsychological outcome. We concluded that the standard cognitive test battery is insufficiently sensitive to identify positive changes in patients with OSAS, especially among those with a high level of overall mental functioning.
Simplified VSS and fast-track multiparty computations with applications to threshold cryptography

The goal of this paper is to introduce a simple verifiable secret sharing scheme, to improve the efficiency of known secure multiparty protocols and, by employing these techniques, to improve the efficiency of applications which use these protocols. First we present a very simple Verifiable Secret Sharing protocol which is based on fast cryptographic primitives and avoids altogether the need for expensive zero-knowledge proofs. This is followed by a highly simplified protocol to compute multiplications over shared secrets. This is a major component in secure multiparty computation protocols and accounts for much of the complexity of proposed solutions. Using our protocol as a plug-in unit in known protocols reduces their complexity. We show how to achieve efficient multiparty computations in the computational model, through the application of homomorphic commitments. Finally, we present fast-track multiparty computation protocols. In a model in which malicious faults are rare we show that it is possible to carry out a simpler and more efficient protocol which does not perform all the expensive checks needed to combat a malicious adversary from foiling the computation. Yet, the protocol still enables detection of faults and recovers the computation when faults occur without giving any information advantage to the adversary. This results in protocols which are much more efficient under normal operation of the system i.e. when there are no faults. As an example of the practical impact of our work we show how our techniques can be used to greatly improve the speed and the fault-tolerance of existing threshold cryptography protocols. * IBM T.J. Watscm Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktowo Heights, New York 10598, USA Email: rosarioOwatsotl.ibnl. coln. + Harvard University sod Hebrew University. Email: rabin@cs.huii. ac.il * IBM ‘f.J. Watsoo Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktowo Heights, New York 10598, USA Email: talrOwatsoll.ibtn. corlr. Contact author Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for pelmal cr ClassroOm use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear tbii notice and the fit11 citation on the fti page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redisbibute to lists, requires prior specific permission a&or a fee. PODC 98 Fkerto Vallarta Mexico Copyright ACM 1998th89791.97%7/9816. $5.00
One-loop corrections to the instanton transition in the two-dimensional Abelian Higgs model.

We present an evaluation of the fluctuation determinant which appears as a prefactor in the instanton transition rate for the two-dimensional Abelian Higgs model. The corrections are found to change the rate at most by a factor of 2, for 0.4${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{H}}$/${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{W}}$2.0.
Myths concerning the use of cationic liposomes in vivo

Varied results have been obtained using cationic liposomes for in vivo delivery. Furthermore, optimisation of cationic liposomal complexes for in vivo applications is complicated, involving many diverse components. These components include nucleic acid purification, plasmid design, formulation of the delivery vehicle, administration route and schedule, dosing, detection of gene expression and others. Broad assumptions have frequently been made based on data obtained from focused studies using cationic liposomes. However, these assumptions do not necessarily apply to all delivery vehicles and, most likely, do not apply to many liposomal systems, when considering these other key components which influence the results obtained in vivo. Optimising all the components of the delivery system is pivotal and will allow broad use of liposomal complexes to treat or cure human diseases or disorders. This review will highlight the features of liposomes that contribute to successful delivery, gene expression and efficacy.
Low Serum DHEAS Predicts Increased Fracture Risk in Older Men: The MrOS Sweden Study

The adrenal‐derived hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating hormones and their levels decline substantially with age. DHEAS is considered an inactive precursor, which is converted into androgens and estrogens via local metabolism in peripheral target tissues. The predictive value of serum DHEAS for fracture risk is unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the associations between baseline DHEAS levels and incident fractures in a large cohort of older men. Serum DHEAS levels were analyzed with mass spectrometry in the population‐based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study in Sweden (n = 2568, aged 69 to 81 years). Incident X‐ray validated fractures (all, n = 594; non‐vertebral major osteoporotic, n = 255; hip, n = 175; clinical vertebral, n = 206) were ascertained during a median follow‐up of 10.6 years. DHEAS levels were inversely associated with the risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.24), non‐vertebral major osteoporotic fractures (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.48), and hip fractures (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37) but not clinical vertebral fractures (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.95–1.26) in Cox regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and prevalent fractures. Further adjustment for traditional risk factors for fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or physical performance variables as well as serum sex steroid levels only slightly attenuated the associations between serum DHEAS and fracture risk. Similarly, the point estimates were only marginally reduced after adjustment for FRAX estimates with BMD. The inverse association between serum DHEAS and all fractures or major osteoporotic fractures was nonlinear, with a substantial increase in fracture risk (all fractures 22%, major osteoporotic fractures 33%) for those participants with serum DHEAS levels below the median (0.60 μg/mL). In conclusion, low serum DHEAS levels are a risk marker of mainly non‐vertebral fractures in older men, of whom those with DHEAS levels below 0.60 μg/mL are at highest risk. © The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Advances in Brief Aflatoxin B ,-induced Rat Hepatic Hyperplastic Nodules Do Not Exhibit a Site-specific Mutation within the p 53 Gene 1

The weight of accumulated evidence suggests a role for the pS3 tumor suppressor gene in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most striking is an apparent mutationÂ»! specificity at codon 249 of the human gene. Aflatoxin H, (AFRI is a liver-specific carcinogen which causes (. to T suhstitutions. This transversion was delected at codon 249 in about SOVr of the analyzed HCC tumors from African and Asian patients. In these geographic regions aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis K viral infection arc risk factors for HCC. In contrast to the human data, no mutations at codon 249 were detected in AFB-induced tumors from nonhuman primates. We have analyzed the/>5.) gene at the site corresponding to codon 249 of the human gene in AFB-induced preneoplastic hepatic nodules from rats. No mutations were detected in the tissues examined. Our data suggest that, at least in the rat, AFB exposure alone may not he sufficient for the specificity of pS3 mutations observed in HCC.
Structural Modelling of the UK Economy within a VAR Framework using Quarterly and Monthly Data

1. To estimate a small quarterly macroeconomic model of the UK, based on a VAR model of a number of ‘core’ macroeconomic variables, and employing recently developed econometric techniques to test and impose restrictions on the long run relationships of the model. Also, to analyse the short run dynamic properties of the model and to investigate the role of exogenous variables, all with a view to analysing specific aspects of the way in which the UK macroeconomy functions. 2. To evaluate a limited number of economic theories within the context of a small but complete macromodel. 3. To construct a monthly model of the UK economy corresponding as far as possible to the quarterly model. 4. To undertake some policy evaluation exercises, and to investigate the sources of shocks which generate fluctuations in real and nominal macro-variables in the UK economy and the mechanisms by which the effects of different shocks are propagated across different macroeconomic variables and over time.
Employee Oriented vs. Work Oriented Cultures and the Moderating Role of Education on Intention to Share Knowledge

This study attempts to use Geert Hofstede's dimensions of organizational culture to examine how organizational culture moderates knowledge sharing behaviour. In particular, this study focuses on the dimension of employee oriented vs work oriented culture, which captures the extent to which the organization emphasizes care for employee well-being vs care for employee performance. Through analyses of a field survey of 207 professionals from more than 10 firms in both private and the government sectors, several hypotheses were confirmed. First, higher employee oriented culture predicted increased knowledge sharing behaviour, and this effect was mediated by increased endorsement of organizational knowledge sharing norms. Second, these effects were particularly strong among highly educated employees-that is, among those likely to have knowledge-and skill-intensive occupations. The results suggest that organisational cultures that value employee well-being may foster social norms and attitudes that are conducive to knowledge sharing behaviour, and that this effect may be particularly pronounced in workplaces that require high levels of education.
6-bromoindigo dye.

6-Bromoindigo (MBI) [systematic name: 6-bromo-2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-one], C(16)H(9)BrN(2)O(2), crystallizes with one disordered molecule in the asymmetric unit about a pseudo-inversion center, as shown by the Br-atom disorder of 0.682 (3):0.318 (3). The 18 indigo ring atoms occupy two sites which are displaced by 0.34 Å from each other as a result of this packing disorder. This difference in occupancy factors results in each atom in the reported model used to represent the two disordered sites being 0.08 Å from the higher-occupancy site and 0.26 Å from the lower-occupancy site. Thus, as a result of the disorder, the C-Br bond lengths in the disordered components are 0.08 and 0.26 Å shorter than those found in 6,6'-dibromoindigo (DBI) [Süsse & Krampe (1979). Naturwissenschaften, 66, 110], although the distances within the indigo ring are similar to those found in DBI. The crystals are also twinned by merohedry. Stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds are similar to those found in the structures of indigo and DBI. In MBI, an interaction of the type C-Br.C replaces the C-Br.Br interactions found in DBI. The interactions in MBI were calculated quantum mechanically using density functional theory and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules.
Intraductal Carcinoma of Prostate: A Comprehensive and Concise Review

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is defined as a proliferation of prostate adenocarcinoma cells distending and spanning the lumen of pre-existing benign prostatic ducts and acini, with at least focal preservation of basal cells. Studies demonstrate that IDC-P is strongly associated with high-grade (Gleason grades 4/5), large-volume invasive prostate cancers. In addition, recent genetic studies indicate that IDC-P represents intraductal spread of invasive carcinoma, rather than a precursor lesion. Some of the architectural patterns in IDC-P exhibit architectural overlap with one of the main differential diagnoses, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). In these instances, additional diagnostic criteria for IDC-P, including marked nuclear pleomorphism, non-focal comedonecrosis (>1 duct showing comedonecrosis), markedly distended normal ducts/acini, positive nuclear staining for ERG, and cytoplasmic loss of PTEN by immunohistochemistry, can help make the distinction. This distinction between IDC-P and HGPIN is of critical importance because IDC-P has an almost constant association with invasive carcinoma and has negative clinical implications, including shorter relapse-free survival, early biochemical relapse, and metastatic failure rate after radiotherapy. Therefore, IDC-P should be reported in prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomies, regardless of the presence of an invasive component. This article will review the history, diagnostic criteria, molecular genetics, and clinical significance of IDC-P.
Clustering Aspect-related Phrases by Leveraging Sentiment Distribution Consistency

Clustering aspect-related phrases in terms of product’s property is a precursor process to aspect-level sentiment analysis which is a central task in sentiment analysis. Most of existing methods for addressing this problem are context-based models which assume that domain synonymous phrases share similar co-occurrence contexts. In this paper, we explore a novel idea, sentiment distribution consistency, which states that different phrases (e.g. “price”, “money”, “worth”, and “cost”) of the same aspect tend to have consistent sentiment distribution. Through formalizing sentiment distribution consistency as soft constraint, we propose a novel unsupervised model in the framework of Posterior Regularization (PR) to cluster aspectrelated phrases. Experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms baselines remarkably.
SHREC’14 Track: Extended Large Scale Sketch-Based 3D Shape Retrieval

Large scale sketch-based 3D shape retrieval has received more and more attentions in the community of content-based 3D object retrieval. The objective of this track is to evaluate the performance of different sketch-based 3D model retrieval algorithms using a large scale hand-drawn sketch query dataset on a comprehensive 3D model dataset. The benchmark contains 12,680 sketches and 8,987 3D models, divided into 171 distinct classes. In this track, 12 runs were submitted by 4 groups and their retrieval performance was evaluated using 7 commonly used retrieval performance metrics. We hope that this benchmark, the comparative evaluation results and the corresponding evaluation code will further promote the progress of this research direction for the 3D model retrieval community
Simultaneous regulation of cell size and chromosome replication in bacteria

Bacteria are able to maintain a narrow distribution of cell sizes by regulating the timing of cell divisions. In rich nutrient conditions, cells divide much faster than their chromosomes replicate. This implies that cells maintain multiple rounds of chromosome replication per cell division by regulating the timing of chromosome replications. Here, we show that both cell size and chromosome replication may be simultaneously regulated by the long-standing initiator accumulation strategy. The strategy proposes that initiators are produced in proportion to the volume increase and is accumulated at each origin of replication, and chromosome replication is initiated when a critical amount per origin has accumulated. We show that this model maps to the incremental model of size control, which was previously shown to reproduce experimentally observed correlations between various events in the cell cycle and explains the exponential dependence of cell size on the growth rate of the cell. Furthermore, we show that this model also leads to the efficient regulation of the timing of initiation and the number of origins consistent with existing experimental results.
Semi-Automatic Visual Subgroup Mining using VIKAMINE

Visual mining methods enable the direct integration of the user to overcome major problems of automatic data mining methods, e.g., the presentation of uninteresting results, lack of acceptance of the discovered findings, or limited confidence in these. We present a novel subgroup mining approach for explorative and descriptive data mining implemented in the VIKAMINE system. We propose several integrated visualization methods to support subgroup mining. Fur- thermore, we describe three case studies using data from fielded systems in the medical domain.
A shading model for atmospheric scattering considering luminous intensity distribution of light sources

Studio spotlights produce dazzling shafts of light, while light scattered from fog illuminated by automobile headlights renders driving difficult. This is because the particles in the illuminated volume become visible by scattering light. A shading model for scattering and absorption of light caused by particles in the atmosphere is proposed in this paper. The method takes into account luminous intensity distribution of light sources, shadows due to obstacles, and density of particles. The intensity at a viewpoint is calculated by integration of light scattered by particles between the viewpoint and a given point on an object. The regions to be treated in this manner are localized by considering illumination volumes and shadow volumes caused by obstacles in the illumination volumes.