Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double Standards In Self-Deception: The Development Of The Self-Other Double Standards Scale

Self-Deception creates a mental state in which an individual unquestioningly maintains a belief that has clearly been refuted and proven faulty by some information which the self-deceiver has come to possess. However, aside from personality trait measures, no measurement techniques have been developed which capture the act of Self-Deception in a laboratory setting. In order to fill this need, the current research sought to examine the relationship between self-deception and cognitive dissonance, and used this relationship to create the Double Standards scale. In the current research, participants completed several surveys online. They then came into the lab, where they were be randomly assigned to Affirmed and Deaffirmed conditions. It was found that asking participants to recall their past behaviors condom use caused those participants to significantly lower their estimation of the average person’s likelihood to use condoms, but not to change their ratings of their own likelihood. It was also found that Affirmed participants did not lower their ratings of others as much as participants in the Deaffirmed condition. The implications for these findings are
Accelerating the Update of Knowledge Base Instances by Detecting Vital Information from a Document Stream

With the growth of Linked Data, updating knowledge bases (KB) is becoming a crucial problem, particularly when representing the knowledge linked to permanently evolving instances. Many approaches have been proposed to extract new knowledge from textual documents in order to update existing KB. These approaches reach maturity but rely on the fact that the adequate corpus is already constructed. In most cases, the considered documents are manually selected which makes an exhaustive update of the KB difficult. In this paper, we propose an original approach to automatically detect from a document stream, pieces of information reporting new knowledge about instances of the KB.
The pea aphid phylome: a complete catalogue of evolutionary histories and arthropod orthology and paralogy relationships for Acyrthosiphon pisum genes

Phylogenetic analyses serve many purposes, including the establishment of orthology relationships, the prediction of protein function and the detection of important evolutionary events. Within the context of the sequencing of the genome of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis for every protein of this species. The resulting phylome includes the evolutionary relationships of all predicted aphid proteins and their homologues among 13 other fully‐sequenced arthropods and three out‐group species. Subsequent analyses have revealed multiple gene expansions that are specific to aphids and have served to transfer functional annotations to 4058 pea aphid genes that display one‐to‐one orthology relationships with Drosophila melanogaster annotated genes. All phylogenies and alignments are accessible through the PhylomeDB database. Here we provide a description of this dataset and provide some examples on how can it be exploited.
Dissociated Accumbens and Hippocampal Structural Abnormalities across Obesity and Alcohol Dependence

Background: Processing of food and drug rewards involves specific neurocircuitry, and emerging evidence implicates subcortical abnormalities, particularly the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. We specifically hypothesized that these 2 established regions in addiction neurocircuitry are associated with distinctive in vivo structural abnormalities in obesity and alcohol dependence. Methods: To specifically investigate anatomically discrete volumetric changes associated with overconsumption of different rewards, we acquired T1 MRI data from 118 subjects in 3 groups comprising obesity (n=42), alcohol dependence (n=32), and healthy volunteer controls (n=44). To exploit novel methods of automated hippocampal subfield segmentation, we used Freesurfer software to generate volumetric data in subject groups for the hippocampal subiculum and its major striatal efferent target, the nucleus accumbens. Hypothesis-led, selective group difference comparisons were analyzed. Results: We found markedly greater accumbens volumes (P=.002) and relatively preserved hippocampal subfield volumes in obesity. Conversely, in alcohol dependence, we found preserved accumbens volumes but atrophy of specific ventral hippocampal subfields, the subiculum and presubiculum. Smaller global subcortical gray-matter volume was found in the alcohol dependence group only. Conclusions: Reward neurocircuitry including the accumbens and ventral hippocampus may show key structural abnormalities in disorders involving processing of both food and drug rewards, although the foci of disruption may vary as a function of reward modality. Structural differences may subserve altered reward and motivational processes in obesity and alcohol dependence and represent a potential biomarker for therapeutic targeting in key public health disorders.
Tracking of articulated pose and motion with a markerized grid suit

Despite leaps in motion capture technology, the dichotomy between unencumbered vision-based motion recovery and the prevailing marker-assisted motion capture solution remains largely pertinent. This paper bridges the gap by introducing an attachment-free, full-body motion capture technique that employs multiple high-speed cameras and a customized bodysuit. The flexible bodysuit allows free movements while providing marker data for guided reconstruction of pose and motion. Our method overcomes several practical problems in existing systems, including long preparation time and displaced markers. The network of markerized pattern provides connectivity information and enhances robustness in feature tracking, model matching and 3D reconstruction.
Barley Agro-industrial Residues as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1mol L-1HCl Solution

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol L−1HCl by barley grains and malting process residue extracts was investigated by weight loss measurements, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The inhibition efficiency exceeded 92% in the presence of 100 mg L−1 extracts after 24 h immersion time for both extracts. The Ea decreased with the addition of the extracts, characterizing the chemical adsorption by the molecules present in the extracts on the surface.The high molecular weight fraction isolated from the barley grain extract also showed high inhibition efficiency, suggesting that macromolecules are probably responsible for the inhibitory action.
Activation of the Cdc42 Effector N-Wasp by the Shigella flexneri Icsa Protein Promotes Actin Nucleation by Arp2/3 Complex and Bacterial Actin-Based Motility

To propel itself in infected cells, the pathogen Shigella flexneri subverts the Cdc42-controlled machinery responsible for actin assembly during filopodia formation. Using a combination of bacterial motility assays in platelet extracts with Escherichia coli expressing the Shigella IcsA protein and in vitro analysis of reconstituted systems from purified proteins, we show here that the bacterial protein IcsA binds N-WASP and activates it in a Cdc42-like fashion. Dramatic stimulation of actin assembly is linked to the formation of a ternary IcsA–N-WASP–Arp2/3 complex, which nucleates actin polymerization. The Arp2/3 complex is essential in initiation of actin assembly and Shigella movement, as previously observed for Listeria monocytogenes. Activation of N-WASP by IcsA unmasks two domains acting together in insertional actin polymerization. The isolated COOH-terminal domain of N-WASP containing a verprolin-homology region, a cofilin-homology sequence, and an acidic terminal segment (VCA) interacts with G-actin in a unique profilin-like functional fashion. Hence, when N-WASP is activated, its COOH-terminal domain feeds barbed end growth of filaments and lowers the critical concentration at the bacterial surface. On the other hand, the NH2-terminal domain of N-WASP interacts with F-actin, mediating the attachment of the actin tail to the bacterium surface. VASP is not involved in Shigella movement, and the function of profilin does not require its binding to proline-rich regions.
A Random Matrix Approach to Differential Privacy and Structure Preserved Social Network Graph Publishing

Online social networks are being increasingly used for analyzing various societal phenomena such as epidemiology, information dissemination, marketing and sentiment flow. Popular analysis techniques such as clustering and influential node analysis, require the computation of eigenvectors of the real graph's adjacency matrix. Recent de-anonymization attacks on Netflix and AOL datasets show that an open access to such graphs pose privacy threats. Among the various privacy preserving models, Differential privacy provides the strongest privacy guarantees. In this paper we propose a privacy preserving mechanism for publishing social network graph data, which satisfies differential privacy guarantees by utilizing a combination of theory of random matrix and that of differential privacy. The key idea is to project each row of an adjacency matrix to a low dimensional space using the random projection approach and then perturb the projected matrix with random noise. We show that as compared to existing approaches for differential private approximation of eigenvectors, our approach is computationally efficient, preserves the utility and satisfies differential privacy. We evaluate our approach on social network graphs of Facebook, Live Journal and Pokec. The results show that even for high values of noise variance sigma=1 the clustering quality given by normalized mutual information gain is as low as 0.74. For influential node discovery, the propose approach is able to correctly recover 80 of the most influential nodes. We also compare our results with an approach presented in [43], which directly perturbs the eigenvector of the original data by a Laplacian noise. The results show that this approach requires a large random perturbation in order to preserve the differential privacy, which leads to a poor estimation of eigenvectors for large social networks.
Template Matching Method for Recognition Musnad Characters Based on Correlation Analysis

Because of the historical significance of the Musnad alphabet, which is considered the basic of the modern Arabic language, the recognition of Musnad characters is necessary to study the history of Arabic language development stages. Much research has been done on the identification of English, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, and Korean characters. It is observed that the research on recognition of Musnad characters is still an open research problem. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a simple and efficient method for the recognition of Musnad characters. The present method is based on template matching where a character is identified by analyzing its shape and comparing its features that distinguish each character. Experimental results show the relatively high accuracy of the developed method when it is tested on all size characters.
Unexpected Finding of Delayed-Onset Seizures in HIV-Positive, Treatment-Experienced Subjects in the Phase Iib Evaluation of Fosdevirine (Gsk2248761)

Background Fosdevirine (GSK2248761) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with HIV-1 activity against common efavirenz-resistant strains. Two partially blind, randomized, Phase IIb studies were initiated (1 in treatment-naive and 1 in treatment-experienced subjects with HIV) to select a once-daily dose of fosdevirine for Phase III trials. Methods In the SIGNET study, treatment-naive subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive once-daily fosdevirine 100 or 200 mg or efavirenz 600 mg, each along with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 300 mg/200 mg or abacavir/lamivudine 600 mg/300 mg. In the SONNET study, treatment-experienced subjects with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 were randomized 1:1:1 to treatment with fosdevirine 100 or 200 mg once daily or etravirine 200 mg twice daily, each along with twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg and raltegravir 400 mg. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml. Safety and pharmacokinetics were also addressed. Results A total of 35 subjects were exposed to fosdevirine 100 or 200 mg. Trials were halted when 5 treatment-experienced subjects (1 receiving fosdevirine 100 mg, 4 receiving fosdevirine 200 mg) developed new-onset seizures after ≥4 weeks of exposure to fosdevirine. There was no clear association between seizures and fosdevirine plasma drug levels. Time to seizure onset ranged from 28 to 81 days, and all 5 subjects experienced ≥1 seizure after drug discontinuation. Conclusions The delayed onset of seizures after fos-devirine exposure and persistence after discontinuation is without precedent in antiretroviral drug development, leading to additional investigation and underscoring the need for careful subject monitoring.
Heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor stimulates cell proliferation in cerebral cortical cultures through phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase

Heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) stimulates cell proliferation in the adult mammalian brain, but the mechanism involved is unknown. To address this issue we treated mouse brain cerebral cortical cultures enriched in neuronal precursors with full‐length HB‐EGF, its HB or EGF‐like domain alone, or both domains in combination. Labeling of cultures with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of cell proliferation, was increased ∼10% by the HB domain and ∼20% by the EGF‐like domain, and the effects of the two domains were additive. Full‐length HB‐EGF was most effective (∼50% increase) in stimulating BrdU incorporation. Preincubation with heparinase III or with Na‐chlorate abolished cell proliferation induced by HB‐EGF, consistent with dependence on cell‐surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The effect of HB‐EGF was also blocked by the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) inhibitors PD153035 and PD158780, implicating EGFR in HB‐EGF‐induced cell proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, and the MAPK/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors U0126 and PD98059, reduced HB‐EGF‐induced BrdU incorporation into cultures, and HB‐EGF enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, implying a role for PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling in HB‐EGF‐stimulated cell proliferation. These findings help to clarify the molecular mechanisms through which HB‐EGF operates. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Golgb1 regulates protein glycosylation and is crucial for mammalian palate development

Cleft palate is a common major birth defect for which currently known causes account for less than 30% of pathology in humans. In this study, we carried out mutagenesis screening in mice to identify new regulators of palatogenesis. Through genetic linkage mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in the Golgb1 gene that co-segregated with cleft palate in a new mutant mouse line. Golgb1 is a ubiquitously expressed large coiled-coil protein, also known as giantin, that is localized at the Golgi membrane. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we generated and analyzed developmental defects in mice carrying additional Golgb1 loss-of-function mutations, which supported a crucial requirement for Golgb1 in palate development. Through maxillary explant culture assays, we demonstrate that the Golgb1 mutant embryos have intrinsic defects in palatal shelf elevation. Just prior to the developmental stage of palatal shelf elevation in wild-type littermates, Golgb1 mutant embryos exhibit increased cell density, reduced hyaluronan accumulation and impaired protein glycosylation in the palatal mesenchyme. Together, these results demonstrate that, although it is a ubiquitously expressed Golgi-associated protein, Golgb1 has specific functions in protein glycosylation and tissue morphogenesis. Summary: Mutations in the Golgi protein Golgb1 are associated with cleft palate in mice. Golgb1 has specific functions in protein glycosylation and tissue morphogenesis.
Finger Forces in Clarinet Playing

Clarinettists close and open multiple tone holes to alter the pitch of the tones. Their fingering technique must be fast, precise, and coordinated with the tongue articulation. In this empirical study, finger force profiles and tongue techniques of clarinet students (N = 17) and professional clarinettists (N = 6) were investigated under controlled performance conditions. First, in an expressive-performance task, eight selected excerpts from the first Weber Concerto were performed. These excerpts were chosen to fit in a 2 × 2 × 2 design (register: low–high; tempo: slow–fast, dynamics: soft–loud). There was an additional condition controlled by the experimenter, which determined the expression levels (low–high) of the performers. Second, a technical-exercise task, an isochronous 23-tone melody was designed that required different effectors to produce the sequence (finger-only, tongue-only, combined tongue-finger actions). The melody was performed in three tempo conditions (slow, medium, fast) in a synchronization-continuation paradigm. Participants played on a sensor-equipped Viennese clarinet, which tracked finger forces and reed oscillations simultaneously. From the data, average finger force (Fmean) and peak force (Fmax) were calculated. The overall finger forces were low (Fmean = 1.17 N, Fmax = 3.05 N) compared to those on other musical instruments (e.g., guitar). Participants applied the largest finger forces during the high expression level performance conditions (Fmean = 1.21 N). For the technical exercise task, timing and articulation information were extracted from the reed signal. Here, the timing precision of the fingers deteriorated the timing precision of the tongue for combined tongue-finger actions, especially for faster tempi. Although individual finger force profiles were overlapping, the group of professional players applied less finger force overall (Fmean = 0.54 N). Such sensor instruments provide useful insights into player-instrument interactions and can also be used in the future to give feedback to students in various learning and practising situations.
PriSM: a primer selection and matching tool for amplification and sequencing of viral genomes

SUMMARY PriSM is a set of algorithms designed to select and match degenerate primer pairs for the amplification of viral genomes. The design of panels of hundreds of primer pairs takes just hours using this program, compared with days using a manual approach. PriSM allows for rapid in silico optimization of primers for downstream applications such as sequencing. As a validation, PriSM was used to create an amplification primer panel for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Clade B. AVAILABILITY The program is freely available for use at: www.broadinstitute. org/perl/seq/specialprojects/primerDesign.cgi.
Cross-Species Antibody Microarray Interrogation Identifies a 3-Protein Panel of Plasma Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Pancreas Cancer

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and its incidence is on the rise. Advanced disease is nearly uniformly lethal, emphasizing the need to identify PDA at its earliest stages. To discover early biomarkers of PDA, we evaluated the circulating proteome in murine preinvasive and invasive plasma samples and human prediagnostic and diagnostic samples. Experimental Design: Using a customized antibody microarray platform containing >4,000 features, we interrogated plasma samples spanning preinvasive and invasive disease from a highly faithful mouse model of PDA. In parallel, we mined prediagnostic plasma from women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) who would later succumb to PDA together with matched, cancer-free control samples. Samples collected after an establishing diagnosis of PDA were also interrogated to further validate markers. Results: We identified ERBB2 and TNC in our cross-species analyses, and multiple antibodies identified ESR1 in prediagnostic plasma from people that succumb to PDA. This 3-marker panel had an AUC of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.96) for the diagnostic cohort that increased to 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92–1.0) with CA19-9 included. The 3-marker panel also had an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.77) for the prediagnostic cohort. Conclusions: We identified potential disease detection markers in plasma up to 4 years before death from PDA with superior performance to CA19-9. These markers might be especially useful in high-risk cohorts to diagnose early, resectable disease, particularly in patients that do not produce CA19-9. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1764–71. ©2015 AACR.
Enhanced mRNA-protein fusion efficiency of a single-domain antibody by selection of mRNA display with additional random sequences in the terminal translated regions

In vitro display technologies such as mRNA and cDNA display are powerful tools to create and select functional peptides. However, in some cases, efficiency of mRNA-protein fusion is very low, which results in decreased library size and lower chance of successful selection. In this study, to improve mRNA-protein fusion efficiency, we prepared an mRNA display library of a protein with random N- and C-terminal coding regions consisting of 12 nucleotides (i.e. four amino acids), and performed an electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA)-based selection of successfully formed mRNA display molecules. A single-domain antibody (Nanobody, or VHH) was used as a model protein, and as a result, a pair of sequences was identified that increased mRNA-protein fusion efficiency of this protein by approximately 20%. Interestingly, enhancement of the fusion efficiency induced by the identified sequences was protein-specific, and different results were obtained for other proteins including VHHs with different CDRs. The results suggested that conformation of mRNA as a whole, rather than the amino acid sequence of the translated peptide, is an important factor to determine mRNA-protein fusion efficiency.
N-[(4-Carbamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzamide

In the title compound, C15H9F4N3O2S, the N,N′-disubstituted thiourea fragment adopts a cis,trans geometry, stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond to the carbonyl O atom of the tetrafluorobenzoyl group. The central thiourea group makes dihedral angles of 47.79 (7) and 35.54 (8)° with the two aromatic rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked via N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into two-dimensional polymeric structures parallel to (100). In turn, π–π stacking interactions between tetrafluorobenzene and benzene units [centroid–centroid distance = 3.996 (10) Å; dihedral angle = 13.60 (8)°] organize these two-dimensional assemblies into a three-dimensional framework.
Collision recovery in distributed wireless networks with opportunistic cooperation

In this letter we focus on the problem of recovering information from collided packets in distributed wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. We propose a cooperative protocol that employs the concept of physical layer network coding for this purpose. With the proposed protocol relay nodes opportunistically forward locally collided packets to the destinations. Subsequently, the destination nodes recover the desired packet by employing a detection algorithm that combines the directly-collided and forwarded-collided signals.