Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Phrase-based Unigram Model for Statistical Machine Translation

In this paper, we describe a phrase-based unigram model for statistical machine translation that uses a much simpler set of model parameters than similar phrase-based models. The units of translation are blocks - pairs of phrases. During decoding, we use a block unigram model and a word-based trigram language model. During training, the blocks are learned from source interval projections using an underlying word alignment. We show experimental results on block selection criteria based on unigram counts and phrase length.
The Economics of Cultural Policy: Tourism

Cultural policy is changing. Traditionally, cultural policies have been concerned with providing financial support for the arts, for cultural heritage and for institutions such as museums and galleries. In recent years, around the world, interest has grown in the creative industries as a source of innovation and economic dynamism. This book argues that an understanding of the nature of both the economic and the cultural value created by the cultural sector is essential to good policy-making. The book is the first comprehensive account of the application of economic theory and analysis to the broad field of cultural policy. It deals with general principles of policy-making in the cultural arena as seen from an economic point of view, and goes on to examine a range of specific cultural policy areas, including the arts, heritage, the cultural industries, urban development, tourism, education, trade, cultural diversity, economic development, intellectual property and cultural statistics.
The relationship between occupational stress, emotional intelligence and coping strategies in air traffic controllers

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Stress and Coping Strategies in the occupation of air traffic control. The focus was to determine whether the Emotional Intelligence of an Air Traffic Controller might have an effect on the recognition and management of stressful situations, and influence the way they select coping strategies. Due to a lack of research on air traffic control in South Africa, focus are not only on the stress levels of Air Traffic Controllers, but also how their Emotional Intelligence could assist in the recognition and management of the stress they experience, and ultimately then contribute to select appropriate Coping Strategies. A literature study discussed the role of Air Traffic Controllers, and factors that contribute to them experiencing stress. The constructs of Stress, Emotional Intelligence and Coping were elaborated on in detail. The constructs were defined as follows: Stress, as any demand eliciting a negative emotional state, that exceeds an individual’s resources to cope; Emotional Intelligence, as the process of emotional information processing consisting of the dimensions of Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skills (Rahim & Minors, 2003); and Coping as the efforts to manage environmental and internal demands and conflicts which tax or exceed a person’s resources (Lazarus & Launier, 1978). Survey research was conducted, and questionnaires were used for all three of the constructs. The sample consisted of 64 Air Traffic Controllers, working at three airports in South Africa. A job specific Stress questionnaire was used to determine the respondents’ stress levels in six subcategories. The overall reliability for the Stress Questionnaire was . 828. The reliability for the dimensions ranged between . 571 and . 813. Emotional Intelligence was measured using the EQ Index designed by Rahim (2001) and consisted of five dimensions. The overall reliability for the EQI was . 932 for Emotional Intelligence (Self), and . 976 for Emotional Intelligence (Manager). The reliability for the dimensions ranged between . 542 and . 932. Coping was measured using Amirkhan’s Coping
Automated irrigation with advanced seed germination and pest control

Agriculture can be split into multiple phases like sowing the seeds, germinating the seeds, irrigating, etc. Our innovation deals with automating certain phases of agriculture, such as irrigation and pest control, using artificial intelligence, machine learning and Internet of things. This can be achieved with the help of Ubiquitous computing (Nomadic computing) and sensors working on the concept of IOT. Initially using data analytics techniques, the data about the moisture level maintained in various soils over the entire period to grow various crops are recorded in an online database. In automation the system uses this data to maintain the moisture level in the soil to grow the desired crop. The moisture level in the soil is monitored using multiple moisture sensors which are located all around the field. When the system finds that the moisture is less in the soil than the required amount, as per the data in the database, the field is irrigated using an existing system which uses mechanical valves to allow water to various fields in the farm. But the existing system only works based on the commands from user, in the form of messages from a mobile computer, to control the valves. The proposed system automates this system by integrating it, using the concept of IOT, to its centralised computer system. The proposed system also includes pest control. Currently we use chemicals to kill the pests, whereas, the proposed system uses an ultrasonic sound emitter to keep the rodents away from the farm. It is scientifically proven that the ultrasonic sounds are capable of keeping the rodents away. Also it is proven that certain frequency sound waves boost the growth rate of crops. Thus using all these technologies, low cost and efficient growth of crops is achieved, helping in development of agriculture field.
The Bainite Controversy

Abstract There has long existed a controversy regarding the formation of the bainite phase in steels. Nonetheless, following the clear identification of bainite in 1930, several characteristic features associated with the bainite transformation became well established. These features include: the classification into upper and lower bainite; the existence of a bainite start temperature; and the incomplete reaction phenomenon. Accordingly, two competing theories have been developed to explain the bainite transformation. However, no overriding consensus has been reached as to which is correct. The first theory invokes a diffusion controlled transformation, describing the growth of bainite via the propagation of ledges – a series of steps on the transformation interface. The second interpretation favours a displacive, diffusionless transformation. Bainite growth occurs via the autocatalytic nucleation and growth of successive subunits or platelets. Over time, a wealth of techniques has been implemented in order to increase the understanding of the mechanism by which bainite forms. From the early approaches that involved thermodynamic and kinetic considerations; through detailed work on the crystallography of the transformation; to studies involving advanced characterisation techniques that focused on the distribution of atoms, etc. Some of the theories have been progressively adapted to new evidence and new concepts as they emerge. For example, the concepts of the T0 curve and of paraequilibrium transformation. This work presents a chronological summary of the two theories of the bainite transformation, charting their progression and noting the variety of evidence both in support of and in contradiction to each viewpoint. The bainite controversy is still debated by steel metallurgists today, although it has mostly been reduced to the question of whether or not bainitic ferrite initially forms with a supersaturation of carbon. This review gathers and evaluates some of the accumulated work in the hope that this question may finally be answered.
Empathetic living media

We describe a new form of interactive living media used to communicate social or ecological information in the form of an empathetic ambient media. In the fast paced modern world people are generally too busy to monitor various significant social or human aspects of their lives, such as time spent with their family, their overall health, state of the ecology, etc. By quantifying such information digitally, information is semantically coupled into living microorganisms, E. coli. Through the use of transformed DNA, the E. coli will then glow or dim according to the data. The core technical innovation of this system is the development of an information system based on a closed-loop control system through which digital input is able to control input fluids to the E. coli, and thereby control the output glow of the E. coli in real time. Thus, social or ecological based information is coupled into a living and organic media through this control system capsule and provides a living media which promotes empathy. We provide user design and feedback results to verify the validity of our hypothesis, and provide not only system results but generalized design frameworks for empathetic living media in general.
Linear Look-Ahead in Conjunctive Cells: An Entorhinal Mechanism for Vector-Based Navigation

The crisp organization of the “firing bumps” of entorhinal grid cells and conjunctive cells leads to the notion that the entorhinal cortex may compute linear navigation routes. Specifically, we propose a process, termed “linear look-ahead,” by which a stationary animal could compute a series of locations in the direction it is facing. We speculate that this computation could be achieved through learned patterns of connection strengths among entorhinal neurons. This paper has three sections. First, we describe the minimal grid cell properties that will be built into our network. Specifically, the network relies on “rigid modules” of neurons, where all members have identical grid scale and orientation, but differ in spatial phase. Additionally, these neurons must be densely interconnected with synapses that are modifiable early in the animal’s life. Second, we investigate whether plasticity during short bouts of locomotion could induce patterns of connections amongst grid cells or conjunctive cells. Finally, we run a simulation to test whether the learned connection patterns can exhibit linear look-ahead. Our results are straightforward. A simulated 30-min walk produces weak strengthening of synapses between grid cells that do not support linear look-ahead. Similar training in a conjunctive cell module produces a small subset of very strong connections between cells. These strong pairs have three properties: the pre- and post-synaptic cells have similar heading direction. The cell pairs have neighboring grid bumps. Finally, the spatial offset of firing bumps of the cell pair is in the direction of the common heading preference. Such a module can produce strong and accurate linear look-ahead starting in any location and extending in any direction. We speculate that this process may: (1) compute linear paths to goals; (2) update grid cell firing during navigation; and (3) stabilize the rigid modules of grid cells and conjunctive cells.
Customer service competencies: a global look

The purpose of the study was to identify competencies needed by those providing service to today's customers. A total of 460 service providers were interviewed from thirty-two different organizations in North America and twenty-six organizations in Asia and Europe. Based on 2.825 critical incidents, five major factors were identified to create the SERVE model: See the ‘big picture’ and how customer service fits into it; Establish an authentic human connection with each customer; Render timely, accurate and thorough service; Value and respond to unique customer needs; and Extend a hand to repair and strengthen relationships with customers who are upset or angry. Similarities and differences among the different geographic regions and among the different respondent types were noted. Implications for HRD practice and future research were discussed.
Awareness of cognitive abilities in people with Parkinson's disease

Background: ‘Anosognosia’, or unawareness of ones deficits, is an important influence on behavioural functioning as it underpins the ability to recognise our limits. Anosognosia is common in neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although several studies have examined PD patient’s level of unawareness of motor symptoms there has been no research into PD patient’s unawareness of cognitive abilities. Aims: This study aimed to explore PD patient’s unawareness of their cognitive abilities in comparison to a healthy control group. We also explored differences in level of unawareness of cognitive abilities versus motor abilities. Finally, we explored the relationship between level of unawareness of cognitive abilities and caregiver burden. Methods: 21 PD participants and 21 control participants, with similar demographic characteristics, participated in this study. All participants predicted their performance based on a normal distribution curve, prior to completing the RBANS assessment. Following task completion, participants were then asked to estimate their actual performance. This resulted in a pre and post discrepancy score of the differences between self-rated and actual performances. The PD participants completed additional measures, including the Awareness Questionnaire and MDS-UPDRS-Part 3 (pre and post discrepancy). Fifteen PD participants consented to a significant other completing the Zarit Burden Interview Results: PD participants overestimated their cognitive abilities in comparison to the control group. Comparisons between unawareness measures were not significant. PD participants were more accurate at estimating their motor abilities and a significant correlation was found between level of cognitive unawareness and caregiver burden. Conclusion: This is the first study to show that people with PD tend to over-estimate their cognitive abilities. Results from the percentile method could provide an alternative, more direct measure of assessing explicit processes related to unawareness in PD. PD patients may be differentially aware of deficits within and across various domains of functioning. Our preliminary data from carers suggests that unawareness of cognitive abilities is a correlate of caregiver burden.
Parent-child agreement in prepubertal depression: findings with a modified assessment method.

OBJECTIVE Lack of or low parent-child (P-C) agreement is a well-documented problem in child psychopathology assessment. This study proposed to improve this agreement by using a modified assessment approach. METHOD Ninety-three depressed prepubertal children, aged 6 to 12 years, and their mothers underwent an assessment procedure that combined multiple assessment measures given separately to child and mother (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present Episode [K-SADS-P], Children's Depression Inventory, and traditional psychiatric interviews), confrontation of either and/or both informants with intra- and interinformant discrepancies, and senior clinician's "best estimate" clinical judgment to solve discrepant ratings. Correlational statistics (r, kappa, and z) were used to compare child's with mother's ratings on 20 K-SADS-P depressive symptoms. RESULTS The major hypothesis, that using our assessment procedure, P-C agreement would be significant and moderately high (r and kappa = .40 or higher), was confirmed. The second hypothesis on dissociation of P-C agreement on behavioral versus ideational symptoms was partially confirmed; the third hypothesis on adverse effects of maternal "depression" on P-C agreement was not confirmed. CONCLUSION Our assessment method has potential clinical application in enhancing diagnostic reliability of childhood depression assessment.
Fear of Intimacy

The Challenge of Intimate Relationships Why Relationships Fail An Ethical Perspective - Human Rights Issue in Personal Relationships The Ideal Couple Relationship Characteristics of the Ideal Family Inwardness - Self-Protective Patterns That Restrict Emotional Transactions Between Partners Remedial Procedures - Experiences That Affected Inward Patterns in the Couple and Family The Fantasy Bond in Couple Relationships Withholding in Couple and Family Relationships Men Women Voices Affecting Intimacy The Therapeutic Process in Couples Therapy A Pilot Study Applying Voice Therapy with Four Couples - Clinical Material from a Series of Specialized Group Discussions Transference, the Therapeutic Alliance and Love.
Detection of Quorum Sensing Activity in the Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain GB11

A multidrug-resistant clinical bacteria strain GB11 was isolated from a wound swab on the leg of a patient. Identity of stain GB11 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa was validated by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Detection of the production of signaling molecules, N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), was conducted using three different bacterial biosensors. A total of four different AHLs were found to be produced by strain GB11, namely N-butyryl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-3-oxo-dodecanoylhomoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) using high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of these detected AHLs, 3-oxo-C12-HSL was found to be the most abundant AHL produced by P. aeruginosa GB11.
Joint Distributed Beamforming and Power Allocation in Underlay Cognitive Two-Way Relay Links Using Second-Order Channel Statistics

Cognitive underlay amplify-and-forward (AF) two-way relay links require signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) balancing and maximizing strategies. And both secondary-to-primary and primary-to-secondary interference must be taken into consideration. To achieve these goals, we develop several joint distributed beamforming and power allocation algorithms. The development is based on the assumption of the availability of channel state information (CSI) of the relay-transceiver channels and the second-order-statistics (SOS) of all channels. For single-relay and multi-relay systems, a closed-form solution and an exhaustive-search optimal algorithm, respectively, are developed. This optimal algorithm, despite its high computational complexity, serves as a useful benchmark. Moreover, two low-complexity suboptimal algorithms are proposed, both of which compute sub-optimal power allocations and beamformers. A 10-dB SINR improvement by the optimal algorithm and similar gains by both proposed suboptimal algorithms are achievable.
Religious Community, Individual Religiosity, and Health: A Tale of Two Kibbutzim

This article presents an attempt to explore the religiosity-health association while differentiating between the collective, the belonging to a religious community, and the individual aspects of religiosity. The health behaviour, health status, and illness behaviour of a sample of members of a secular kibbutz (n = 125) and a religious kibbutz (n = 105), were studied. The religious kibbutz members reported more health behaviour, better mental and physical health status, and less illness behaviour. Private praying, however, was adversely related to health status and psychological well-being. Other measures of individual religiosity either overlapped community membership or were not related to health and health related behaviour. It seems that the regulative and integrative function of belonging to a religious community makes for a healthier life-style and promotes health status. At times of suffering people turn to religion, in private praying, seeking comfort and help.
Quantitative Methods to Assess Differential Susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana Natural Accessions to Dickeya dadantii

Among the most devastating bacterial diseases of plants, soft rot provoked by Dickeya spp. cause crop yield losses on a large range of species with potato being the most economically important. The use of antibiotics being prohibited in most countries in the field, identifying tolerance genes is expected to be one of the most effective alternate disease control approaches. A prerequisite for the identification of tolerance genes is to develop robust disease quantification methods and to identify tolerant plant genotypes. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of the exploitation of Arabidopsis thaliana natural variation to find tolerant genotypes and to develop robust quantification methods. We compared different quantification methods that score either symptom development or bacterial populations in planta. An easy to set up and reliable bacterial quantification method based on qPCR amplification of bacterial DNA was validated. This study demonstrates that it is possible to conduct a robust phenotyping of soft rot disease, and that Arabidopsis natural accessions are a relevant source of tolerance genes.
Enabling always-available input with muscle-computer interfaces

Previous work has demonstrated the viability of applying offline analysis to interpret forearm electromyography (EMG) and classify finger gestures on a physical surface. We extend those results to bring us closer to using muscle-computer interfaces for always-available input in real-world applications. We leverage existing taxonomies of natural human grips to develop a gesture set covering interaction in free space even when hands are busy with other objects. We present a system that classifies these gestures in real-time and we introduce a bi-manual paradigm that enables use in interactive systems. We report experimental results demonstrating four-finger classification accuracies averaging 79% for pinching, 85% while holding a travel mug, and 88% when carrying a weighted bag. We further show generalizability across different arm postures and explore the tradeoffs of providing real-time visual feedback.
A Proposal for Supporting Lots of Unicast Multiplexed Sessions (SLUMS) 1

In this paper, we present a proposal for supporting lots of unicast multiplexed sessions (SLUMS). We take the position that TCP provides a good basis for SLUMS. Applications are given the flexibility to open as many TCP connections as they wish. Each connection provides an ordered byte-stream abstraction independent of the others, so by mapping application data units (ADUs) onto the connections appropriately, applications can implement various flavors of application-level framing (ALF). We discuss the performance challenges that arise, and propose solutions drawn both from our previous work and that of others.