Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bulkloading and maintaining XML documents

The popularity of XML as a exchange and storage format brings about massive amounts of documents to be stored, maintained and analyzed --- a challenge that traditionally has been tackled with Database Management Systems (DBMS). To open up the content of XML documents to analysis with declarative query languages, efficient bulk loading techniques are necessary.Database technology has traditionally been offering support for these tasks but yet falls short of providing efficient automation techniques for the challenges that large collections of XML data raise. As storage back-end, many applications rely on relational databases, which are designed towards large data volumes. This paper studies the bulk load and update algorithms for XML data stored in relational format and outlines opportunities and problems. We investigate both (1) bulk insertion and deletion as well as (2) updates in the form of edit scripts which heavily use pointer-chasing techniques which often are considered orthogonal to the algebraic operations relational databases are optimized for. To get the most out of relational database systems, we show that one should make careful use of edit scripts and replace them with bulk operations if more than very small portion of the database is updated.We implemented our ideas on top of the Monet Database System and benchmarked their performance.
A Design Methodology for a Self-Oscillating Electronic Ballast

This paper presents a design methodology and analysis of electronic ballast employing the self-oscillating-command circuit. The self-oscillating electronic ballast is represented as a relay control system in order to determine its parameters using the describing-function method and an extended Nyquist stability criterion. Simulation and experimental results of the electronic ballast supplying a 40-W fluorescent lamp are presented in order to confirm the feasibility of the performed design methodology.
Three Dimensional Covariance Functions: Real Data.

Abstract : Height innovation data for a two-month period from NOGAPS was analyzed to obtain height prediction and observation error covariances. Different methods of weighting the data in least squares approximations were investigated using the second order autoregressive correlation function, both with and without an additive constant (varying with pressure level). Based on the properties of the derived covariance matrices and its parameters, the SOAR without an additive constant was used for the horizontal approximations. The vertical correlations were fit using a combination of SOAR plus and additive constant and a transformation of the logP coordinate to another coordinate to achieve a best fit. The resulting three dimensional approximation is partially separable, being the product of the horizontal covariance function (which depends on height) and the vertical correlation function. Figures demonstration various aspects of the process and the results are given.
A decentralized implementation of DC optimal power flow on a network of computers

This work presents a decentralized implementation of the DC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem on a network of workstations. Each workstation is assigned to a regional Transmission System Operator (TSO), who manages the operation of the transmission system of his own region, as well as cross-border exchanges with neighboring regions. The workstations take part in an iterative process, exchanging information with each other and solving regional OPF sub-problems, until the global OPF solution is reached. Tie-line related information is exchanged between workstations assigned to neighboring regions. A master workstation, assigned to a "Super-TSO", checks for the convergence of the algorithm. The parallel processing system is tested on various test systems, including a large real-world system, the Balkan power system.
The Role of the Semantic Web for Knowledge Management in the Construction Industry

The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is knowledge intensive field. Significant heterogeneity of the forms of knowledge mobilized in the construction industry prevented adoption of IT based knowledge management in the field. Recently, a large international initiative is launched to provide extensive IT support that will enable model-based interoperability among all professions in the AEC industry. Resulting standards coupled with Semantic Web technologies have potential to serve as the foundation for the knowledge management in the AEC field. The paper gives an overview of the both technologies and depicts ways in which they can provide knowledge management support for the AEC industry. Povzetek: Predstavljena je vloga semanticnega spleta pri upravljanju znanja v industriji.
A family of mechanisms for congestion control in wormhole networks

Multiprocessor interconnection networks may reach congestion with high traffic loads, which prevents reaching the wished performance. Unfortunately, many of the mechanisms proposed in the literature for congestion control either suffer from a lack of robustness, being unable to work properly with different traffic patterns or message lengths, or detect congestion relying on global information that wastes some network bandwidth. This paper presents a family of mechanisms to avoid network congestion in wormhole networks. All of them need only local information, applying message throttling when it is required. The proposed mechanisms use different strategies to detect network congestion and also apply different corrective actions. The mechanisms are evaluated and compared for several network loads and topologies, noticeably improving network performance with high loads but without penalizing network behavior for low and medium traffic rates, where no congestion control is required.
Code Similarities Beyond Copy & Paste

Redundant source code hinders software maintenance, since updates have to be performed in multiple places. This holds independent of whether redundancy was created by copy&paste or by independent development of behaviorally similar code. Existing clone detection tools successfully discover syntactically similar redundant code. They thus work well for redundancy that has been created by copy&paste. But: how syntactically similar is behaviorally similar code of independent origin? This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment that demonstrates that behaviorally similar code of independent origin is highly unlikely to be syntactically similar. In fact, it is so syntactically different, that existing clone detection approaches cannot identify more than 1% of such redundancy. This is unfortunate, as manual inspections of open source software indicate that behaviorally similar code of independent origin does exist in practice and does present problems to maintenance.
Contribution of LPHN3 to the genetic susceptibility to ADHD in adulthood: a replication study

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable developmental disorder characterized by a persistent impairing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity‐impulsivity. Using families from a genetic isolate, the Paisa population from Colombia, and five independent datasets from four different populations (United States, Germany, Norway and Spain), a highly consistent association was recently reported between ADHD and the latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) gene, a brain‐specific member of the LPHN subfamily of G‐protein‐coupled receptors that is expressed in ADHD‐related regions, such as amygdala, caudate nucleus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. To replicate the association between LPHN3 and ADHD in adults, we undertook a case–control association study in 334 adult patients with ADHD and 334 controls with 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the LPNH3 gene. Single‐ and multiple‐marker analyses showed additional evidence of association between LPHN3 and combined type ADHD in adulthood [P = 0.0019; df = 1; odds ratio (OR) = 1.82 (1.25–2.70) and P = 5.1e‐05; df = 1; OR = 2.25 (1.52–3.34), respectively]. These results further support the LPHN3 contribution to combined type ADHD, and specifically to the persistent form of the disorder, and point at this new neuronal pathway as a common susceptibility factor for ADHD throughout the lifespan.
Positive and Negative Regulation of Odor Receptor Gene Choice in Drosophila by Acj6

Little is known about how individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) select, from among many odor receptor genes, which genes to express. Abnormal chemosensory jump 6 (Acj6) is a POU domain transcription factor essential for the specification of ORN identity and odor receptor (Or) gene expression in the Drosophila maxillary palp, one of the two adult olfactory organs. However, the mechanism by which Acj6 functions in this process has not been investigated. Here, we systematically examine the role of Acj6 in the maxillary palp and in a major subset of antennal ORNs. We define an Acj6 binding site by a reiterative in vitro selection process. The site is found upstream of Or genes regulated by Acj6, and Acj6 binds to the site in Or promoters. Mutational analysis shows that the site is essential for Or regulation in vivo. Surprisingly, a novel ORN class in acj6 adults is found to arise from ectopic expression of a larval Or gene, which is repressed in wild type via an Acj6 binding site. Thus, Acj6 acts directly in the process of receptor gene choice; it plays a dual role, positive and negative, in the logic of the process, and acts in partitioning the larval and adult receptor repertoires.
Seismic Fragilities of High-Voltage Substation Disconnect Switches

Electrical substations and vital components, e.g., disconnect switches, experienced severe damage that caused blackouts during past earthquakes. To improve the seismic resiliency of power grids and use probabilistic decision-making frameworks, comprehensive fragility data for the different substation equipment are needed. The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of and develop component and system fragility curves for a critical substation component: disconnect switches. The seismic vulnerability of two common switch types was evaluated and two operational configurations were considered. Detailed nonlinear finite element models for the full switches were calibrated using previous experimental data and used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis and carry out the fragility assessment. A total of 160 triaxial ground motions representing four sets of different ground motion characteristics were used. The switches’ fragility curves were developed and presented to be readily used for new substation design, prioritizing retrofit/maintenance activities and reliability assessment of power grids.
Social Isolation Predicting Problematic Alcohol Use in Emerging Adults: Examining the Unique Role of Existential Isolation

Current rates of excessive alcohol use and abuse among young adults are recognized as a major problem by scholars across a wide variety of fields. Here, I take a social psychological approach to understanding why individuals drink to excess, examining the unique role that a specific form of social isolation called existential isolation (feeling alone in one’s experiences of the world; Yalom, 1980; Pinel, Long, Murdoch, & Helm, 2017) may play in predicting alcohol use and abuse. The relationship between existential isolation and alcohol use is explored using both correlational and cross-lagged designs. Results indicate that existential isolation predicts alcohol use above and beyond a more traditional measure of social isolation, though not in the hypothesized direction (i.e. social isolation is associated with more alcohol use, whereas existential isolation is associated with less). Further, negative emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and racial identity emerged as significant moderators of this effect. Exploratory analyses considering a reversal of the hypothesized causal direction (i.e. alcohol use now predicting feelings of existential isolation) revealed a significant two-way interaction between current and lifetime alcohol use and a significant three-way interaction between current alcohol use, desire for existential connection, and motivations to use alcohol for social purposes. Implications of these general findings are discussed, including that 1) they identify a seemingly positive outcome of drinking that may play a role in perpetuating problematic alcohol use, and 2) conversely, they may illustrate a “dark side of sobriety. ” This research serves as a first step into distinguishing between aspects of social isolation in the realm of alcohol use and abuse. Future research is necessary in order to identify the mechanisms underlying this effect and inform the development of more effective alcohol-related interventions.
Scopolamine induced deficits in a battery of rat cognitive tests: comparisons of sensitivity and specificity

Despite much research, the cognitive effects of scopolamine hydrobromide, a cholinergic antagonist, remain controversial. Scopolamine affects multiple systems each of which can impact behavior. One way to tease apart the effects of the drug is to determine the effects of low scopolamine doses on different abilities. The present experiments compared the effects of low doses of scopolamine on a single group of rats conducting a battery of behavioral tasks: Morris water maze, radial arm maze, delayed non-matching to position tasks, and fixed ratio 5 bar pressing. The behavioral battery ranged from tasks having little cognitive demand to those thought to be based more on attention and spatial-working memory. Control experiments using additional groups of rats assessing peripheral versus central effects were conducted with both liquid and dry reinforcement and with methyl scopolamine. Furthermore, the 5-choice serial reaction time test assessed scopolamine effects on attention. The data show a wide spectrum of central and peripheral cholinergic involvement. The central effects include attention and motor initiation, both of which impact and interact with the mnemonic function of acetylcholine. These results show that a limited disruption of the central cholinergic system can have profound effects on attention and/or psychomotor control before any measurable mnemonic disruption.
Diastema Closure in Anterior Teeth Using a Posterior Matrix

Presence of diastema between anterior teeth is often considered an onerous esthetic problem. Various treatment modalities are available for diastema closure. However, not all diastemas can be treated the same in terms of modality or timing. The extent and the etiology of the diastema must be properly evaluated. Proper case selection is of paramount importance for a successful treatment. In this case report, diastema closure was performed with direct composite restorations. One bottle etch-and-rinse adhesive was used and a single shade was used to close the diastemas. Contoured sectional posterior matrix was used to achieve anatomic contouring of the proximal surfaces of the teeth. This was followed by finishing and polishing using polishing discs. Patient was kept on recall every 6 months. Conclusion. Diastema closure with correct anatomic contouring is easy to perform using the contoured sectional matrices. At 14-month recall, no clinical signs of failure like discoloration or fracture were evident. Also, patient did not complain of any sensitivity. Thus, direct composite restorations serve as durable and highly esthetic restorations leading to complete patient satisfaction.
Large-scale Distributed Optimization for Improving Accuracy at the Top

In this paper, we present a large-scale distributed implementation of the accuracy at the top algorithm, which is a new notion of classification accuracy based on the top τ -quantile values of a scoring function. Our implementation approach is based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) consensus framework, written in Pregel (a unified framework for performing large-scale graph computations, [6]) and meant for solving large scale convex optimization problems in a distributed fashion.
An English Dialogue Companion System for Supporting Conversation Practice

In this paper, we proposed an English dialogue companion system, called EDC, using predicate argument structure by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for semantic analyzer in order to support elementary students for learning English one on one. Three phases of learning activities were designed to enhance the English learning environment, which are the choosing learning companion phase, the conversation phase, and the teaching phase. We also conducted a between-subject design experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the EDC system in terms of English achievement and using experience. Results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on English achievement. However, more than half subjects in the lower score group got higher score in post-test than in pre-test. Thus, we assumed that the system could be useful for students in the lower English achievement degree.
Conditional steady-state bounds for a subset of states in Markov chains

The problem of computing bounds on the conditional steady-state probability vector of a subset of states in finite, ergodic discrete-time Markov chains (DTMCs) is considered. An improved algorithm utilizing the strong stochastic (st-)order is given. On standard benchmarks from the literature and other examples, it is shown that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing one in the strong stochastic sense. Furthermore, in certain cases the conditional steady-state probability vector of the subset under consideration can be obtained exactly.
Investigation on the choice of the initial temperature in the Simulated Annealing: A mushy state SA for TSP

It is a long time that the Simulated Annealing (SA) procedure is introduced as a non-derivative based optimization for solving NP-hard problems. Improvements from the original algorithm in the recent decade mostly concentrate on combining its initial algorithm with some heuristic methods. This is while modifications to the method are rarely happened to the initial conditions from which the annealing schedule starts. There are several parameters in the process of annealing the adjustment of which affects the overall performance. This paper focuses on the initial temperature and proposes a lower temperature with low energy to speed up the process. Such an annealing indeed starts from a mushy state rather than a quite liquid molten material. The mushy state characteristics depends on the problem that SA is being applied to solve. In this paper the Mushy State Simulated Annealing (MSSA) is applied to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The mushy state may be obtained by some simple methods like crossover elimination. A very fast version of The Wise Experiencing Traveling Salesman is also applied to initiate SA by a low-energy-low-temperature state. This fast method results in quite accurate solutions compared to other recent novel methods.
Dietary Fatty Acids Affect Red Blood Cell Membrane Composition and Red Blood Cell ATP Release in Dairy Cows

Diets of dairy cows are often based on maize silage (MS), delivering lower amounts of n-3 fatty acids (FA) compared to grass silage-based diets. The fatty acid composition of the cell membrane can affect the cell function. We evaluated the effects of an MS-based diet on bovine red blood cell (RBC) membrane FA composition and dietary effects on controlled ATP release of RBC. In trial 1, German Holstein cows were fed an MS-based total mixed ration for 24 weeks. The FA composition of RBC membranes from repeatedly taken blood samples was analysed in addition to the abundance of the RBC membrane protein flotillin-1, which is involved in, for example, cell signalling. In trial 2, four rumen fistulated MS-fed cows were abomasally infused in a 4 × 4 Latin square model with three successively increasing lipid dosages (coconut oil, linseed–safflower oil mix (EFA; rich in n-3 FA), Lutalin®, providing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) or the combination of the supplements, EFA + CLA) for six weeks, followed by a three-week washout period. In trial 2, we analysed RBC ATP release, flotillin-1, and the membrane protein abundance of pannexin-1, which is involved in ATP release as the last part of a signalling cascade. In trial 1, the total amount of n-3 FA in RBC membranes decreased and the flotillin-1 abundance increased over time. In trial 2, the RBC n-3 FA amount was higher after the six-week infusion period of EFA or EFA + CLA. Furthermore, depending on the dosage of FA, the ATP release from RBC increased. The abundance of flotillin-1 and pannexin-1 was not affected in trial 2. It is concluded that changes of the membrane FA composition influence the RBC function, leading to altered ATP release from intact bovine RBC.
Activity-Dependent Presynaptic Effect of Serotonin 1B Receptors on the Somatosensory Thalamocortical Transmission in Neonatal Mice

The disruptive effect of excessive serotonin (5-HT) levels on the development of cortical sensory maps is mediated by 5-HT1B receptors, as shown in barrelless monoamine oxidase A knock-out mice, in which the additional inactivation of 5-HT1B receptors restores the barrels. However, it is unclear whether 5-HT1B receptors mediate their effect on barrel formation by a trophic action or an activity-dependent effect. To test for a possible effect of 5-HT1B receptors on activity, we studied the influence of 5-HT on the thalamocortical (TC) synaptic transmission in layer IV cortical neurons. In TC slices of postnatal day 5 (P5)–P9 neonate mice, we show that 5-HT reduces monosynaptic TC EPSCs evoked by low-frequency internal capsule stimulation and relieves the short-term depression of the EPSC evoked by high-frequency stimulation. We provide evidence that 5-HT decreases the presynaptic release of glutamate: 5-HT reduces similarly the AMPA–kainate and NMDA components and the paired pulse depression of TC EPSCs. We show also that 5-HT1B receptors mediate exclusively the effect of 5-HT: first, the effect of 5-HT on the TC EPSC is correlated with the transient expression of 5-HT1B receptor mRNAs in the ventrobasal thalamic nucleus during postnatal development; second, it is mimicked by a 5-HT1B agonist; third, 5-HT has no effect in 5-HT1B receptor knock-out mice. Our results show that in the developing barrel field of the neonatal mice, 5-HT1B receptors mediate an activity-dependent regulation of the TC EPSC that could favor the propagation of high-frequency TC activity.
Follower-Focused Leadership : Effect of Follower Self-Concepts and Self-Determination on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The purpose of this study is to suggest a model that advances the discussion of follower-centered leadership and the effect that follower self-concepts and self-determination have on follower organizational citizenship behavior. The framework for this study is transformational and transactional leadership theories and shows that although these leadership theories do influence follower behavior, they do so via substantial follower involvement. Followers constitute the complementary side of leadership studies because without followers there is no leader-follower relationship. The proposed model represents an attempt to put the primary responsibility for organizational citizenship behavior on the follower while still recognizing that leadership style does manifest some influence.