Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of visual and force feedback in virtual assembly verifications

This work presents an evaluation study of two different collision feedback modalities for virtual assembly verification: visual and force feedback. Forty-three subjects performed several assembly tasks (peg-in-hole, narrow passage) designed with two levels of difficulty. The used haptic rendering algorithm is based on voxel and point data-structures. Both objective - time and collision performance - and subjective measures have been recorded and analyzed. The comparison of the feedback modalities revealed a clear and highly significant superiority of force feedback in virtual assembly scenarios. The objective data shows that whereas the assembly time is similar in most cases for both conditions, force collision feedback yields significantly smaller collision forces, which indicate higher assembly precision. The subjective ratings of the participants define the force feedback condition as the most appropriate for determining clearances and correcting collision configurations, being the best suited modality to predict mountability.
Layout Recognition of Multi-Kinds of Table-Form Documents

Many approaches have reported that knowledge-based layout recognition methods are very successful in classifying the meaningful data from document images automatically. However, these approaches are applicable to only the same kind of documents because they are based on the paradigm that specifies the structure definition information in advance so as to be able to analyze a particular class of documents intelligently. In this paper, the authors propose a method to recognize the layout structures of multi-kinds of table-form document images. For this purpose, the authors introduce a classification tree to manage the relationships among different classes of layout structures. The authors' recognition system has two modes: layout knowledge acquisition and layout structure recognition. In the layout knowledge acquisition mode, table-form document images are distinguished according to this. Classification tree and then the structure description trees which specify the logical structures of table-form documents are generated automatically. While, in the layout structure recognition mode, individual item fields in the table-form document images are extracted and classified successfully by searching the classification tree and interpreting the structure description tree. >
Adaptive Signal Vector Based Detection for Spatial Modulation

In this letter, we propose a new adaptive signal vector based detection (ASVD) for spatial modulation (SM) systems. The proposed detector first determines a collection of candidate transmit antennas dynamically by a carefully designed criterion and then performs data detection using the low complexity hard-limiting technique. As compared to the existing hard-limiting maximum likelihood (HL-ML) detector that requires searching over all transmit antennas, the proposed ASVD shrinks the search space and thus has lower computational complexity. It is seen that, under the moderate and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition, the proposed ASVD can outperform existing SVD and list SVD competitors and very closely approach the performance of HL-ML with very few candidate antennas.
Single-Mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Array With High Power and Narrow Far-Field Divergence Angle

We demonstrate novel structures of an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array for high output power, single-lobe far-field pattern, and narrow divergence angle. By using the Zn-diffusion process with proper sizes of oxide-current-confined and Zn-diffusion apertures, each unit of VCSEL in the demonstrated array is highly single-mode (side-mode suppression ratio 30 dB) with a narrow far-field divergence angle (9°- 10°) and high maximum single-mode output power ( ~ 6.3 mW). Due to the high uniformity of single-mode performance of each VCSEL unit, the 6 × 6 array exhibits an excellent lasing phenomenon, which includes single-lobe far-field pattern, weak in-phase coupling, narrowing of divergence angle (from 9° to 4°), and output power as high as around 104 mW. Furthermore, by measuring the bias-dependent output optical spectra in different positions of our array, the high similarity of these spectra indicates the excellent uniformity of our fabrication process for single-mode VCSEL.
A simple assay to identify peroxisomal proteins involved in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid metabolism.

Peroxisomes are vital eukaryotic organelles that house a variety of metabolic functions. To fully define the proteome of plant peroxisomes, we recently performed a proteomic analysis of peroxisomes from etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, verified the peroxisomal localization of candidate proteins by in vivo targeting analysis of fluorescent proteins, and subjected the T-DNA mutants of the newly confirmed proteins to a series of phenotypic analysis. Our reverse genetics approach revealed the role of a cysteine protease ─ Response to Drought 21A-like Cysteine Protease1 (RDL1) ─ in seed germination, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) β─oxidation and stress response. Here, we developed a quick assay aimed at identifying peroxisomal proteins involved in the metabolism of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), which is converted to jasmonic acid in the peroxisome through β─oxidation. We performed a survey of the same mutants analyzed in our previous reverse genetics study with this new assay by measuring the response of mutants to OPDA's inhibitory effect on root elongation. Mutants of RDL1 and SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE20 (SCPL20) exhibited statistically significant hypersensitivity to OPDA, indicating the potential involvement of these proteins in OPDA metabolism. This convenient assay may be used in the future to rapidly screen for mutants defective in OPDA metabolism or signaling.
Pathways to violence in the children of mothers who were depressed postpartum.

The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1, 4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by the mother's postnatal depression even when her depression during pregnancy, her later history of depression, and family characteristics were taken into account. Violence was associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and problems with anger management. Children were most violent if mothers had been depressed at 3 months and at least once thereafter.
Justification for information and knowledge: Perceptions of family members in palliative home care in Sweden

Objective: Several studies have concluded that family members in palliative home care want information about the patient's disease. The aim of this study was to describe family members' perceptions of their motivation for receiving information about the patient's disease. Method: Semistructured tape-recorded interviews were performed with 20 family members of patients with incurable progressive cancer who were admitted to hospital-based home care in Sweden. Data were analyzed using a qualitative phenomenographic method. Results: Family members justified their informational needs by emphasizing that they needed to understand and confirm what would happen when the disease progressed, to be mentally prepared for the future, to organize their daily life, to be a source of information to others, and that receiving information was a natural right. Significance of results: This study has revealed some explanations as to why family members want information. In clinical practice, it is important that palliative care team members are aware of family members' level of knowledge and their need for information, as this mental preparation is important.
Analysis of responses in migraine modelling using hidden Markov models

Markov‐type models have been used in the analysis of disease progression. Although standard errors of model parameters are usually estimated, available software often does not permit the construction of confidence intervals around predictions of the dependent or response variable. A method is presented to calculate means and confidence intervals of model‐predicted responses in time governed by a non‐homogeneous hidden Markov model in continuous time. The Kolmogorov equations serve as the basis for the calculations. The method is realised in S‐Plus and is applied to the prediction of headache responses in clinical studies of anti‐migraine treatment. Means and confidence intervals are calculated by numerically solving differential equations that are non‐linear in the explanatory variable. Results indicate that uncertainty on predicted drug responses is larger than that on predicted placebo responses and that pain‐free responses are less precisely predicted than pain‐relief responses. This is due to the uncertainty in the drug‐specific parameters which is not present in predicted placebo responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mouse mastitis model to study the effects of the intramammary infusion of a food-grade Lactococcus lactis strain

Lactococcus lactis is one of the most important microorganisms in the dairy industry and has “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) status. L. lactis belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and is encountered in a wide range of environments. Recently, the use of the intramammary infusion of a live culture of LAB has been investigated as a new antibiotic alternative for treating mastitis in dairy ruminants. Controversial results are described in literature regarding its efficacy and safety. In this study we conducted in-depth investigation of the mammary gland immune response induced by intramammary inoculum of a live culture of L. lactis LMG 7930 using the mouse mastitis model. Overnight cultures either of L. lactis (≈ 107 CFU) or of the mastitis pathogens Staphylococcus chromogenes (≈ 105 CFU) or S. aureus (≈ 102 CFU/ml) were injected into the mouse inguinal glands. A double injection, consisting of S. chromogenes first and then L. lactis, was also investigated. Bacterial recovery from the gland and inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed. L. lactis-treated and control glands were analysed for proinflammatory cytokine production. Microbiological results showed that L. lactis was able to survive in the mammary gland 24 h post infection, as were the mastitis pathogens S. chromogenes and S. aureus. L. lactis reduced S. chromogenes survival in the glands and increased its own survival ability by coexisting with the pathogen. Histology showed that L. lactis-treated glands presented variable histological features, ranging from undamaged tissue with no inflammatory cell infiltrate to severe PMN infiltrate with focal areas of tissue damage. S. aureus-treated glands showed the most severe histological grade of inflammation despite the fact that the inoculum size was the smallest. In contrast, most S. chromogenes-treated glands showed normal structures with no infiltration or lesions. Significant increases in IL-1β and TNF-α levels were also found in L. lactis-inoculated glands. The above findings seem to suggest that food-grade L. lactis at a high-inoculum dose such as an overnight culture may elicit a suppurative inflammatory response in the mammary gland, thus becoming a potential mastitis-causing pathogen. Because of the unpredictable potential of L. lactis in acting as a potential mastitis pathogen, this organism cannot be considered a safe treatment for bovine mastitis.
Application of vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of internal fixation instrument exposure after early postoperative infection.

AIM This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the management of fractured patients with internal fixation instrument exposure caused by early postoperative infection after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS Fourteen patients (11 men, 3 women, age range 9-63 years) with spinal and extremities fractures were enrolled in this study, including atlanto-axial fracture (N.=1), thoraco-lumbar fracture (N.=1), humerus fracture (N.=1), femoral fracture (N.=2), humerus fracture together with femoral fracture (N.=1), fracture of tibia and fibula (N.=3), L1 vertebral fracture together with tibia and fibula fracture (N.=2), L1 vertebral fracture (N.=2) and L1 vertebral fracture complicated by type II diabetes (N.=1). Infections occurred at the surgical incisions 1-7 days after ORIF operation. Deep spread of the infection caused exposure of internal fixation device. All patients underwent local debridement with retention of internal fixation device. VSD foam dressings containing the drainage tube were placed into the wound, covering external fixation devices and fully eliminating the dead space of soft tissue to avoid effusion. Continuous drainage and VSD irrigation was performed for 24 h with regular replacement of VSD. RESULTS After 14-43 days of VSD treatment, internal fixation devices were covered by healthy granulation tissue and complete wound healing was achieved. During a postoperative follow-up period of between 2 to 52 months, physical examinations and imaging studies of all patients showed good functional recovery, no loosening of internal fixation devices, and no systemic or local infection. CONCLUSION The use of VSD, while retaining the internal fixation device can be safe and effective with earlier wound healing and functional recovery.
Mistake of Criminal Law and its Influence on the Classification of Crime

The paper examines the characteristics of a mistake of the commitment of crime as an optional feature of the mental state of the crime. The analysis conducted offers an opportunity to state that in international criminal law, a mistake of law, although taken into account, does not generally affect the classification of crime. We uncovered and substantiated the need to research mistake as one of the features of the mental state of crime. This will make it possible to reveal the real causes of crime and administer the right type and measure of punishment. Moreover, the research provides a definition of mistake of criminal law by which we should understand an incorrect view of a person of the actual substance of his/her action and the specific characteristic of social relations that are protected by criminal law and are damaged as a result of a crime. Proceeding from a scientific approach to the definition of mistake of criminal law and its role in the mental state of corpus delicti, the author proposes that mistakes of law and mistakes of fact in criminal law affect the classification of crimes.
Genetic Network Programming with Reconstructed Individuals

Genetic Network Programming (GNP) is a newly proposed evolutionary approach which can evolve itself and find the optimal solutions. It is a novel method based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and uses the data structure of directed graphs. As GNP has been developed for dealing with problems in dynamic environments, many papers have demonstrated that GNP can be applied to many areas such as data mining, forecasting stock markets, elevator control systems, etc. Focusing on GNP's distinguished expression ability of the graph structure, this paper proposes a method named Genetic Network Programming with Reconstructed Individuals (GNP with RI). In the proposed method, the worst individuals are reconstructed and enhanced by the elite information before undergoing genetic operations (mutation and crossover). The enhancement of worst individuals mimics the maturing phe nomenon in nature, where bad individuals can become smarter after receiving good education. GNP with RI has been applied to the the-world which is an excellent benchmark for evaluating the proposed architecture. The performance of GNP with RI is compared with conventional GNP demonstrating its superiority.
Cold-induced apoptosis of rat liver endothelial cells: involvement of the proteasome1

Background. We have previously shown that in cultured liver endothelial cells the mere sequence of hypothermia and rewarming induces a pronounced, iron-dependent apoptosis that is likely to contribute to hepatic preservation injury. Here we study the involvement of proteases in this cold-induced apoptosis. Methods. Cultured liver endothelial cells were incubated in preservation solutions at 4°C in the absence or presence of protease inhibitors. Cell injury and different protease activities were assessed. Results. Cold incubation of liver endothelial cells in University of Wisconsin or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution led to marked cell injury, which was strongly inhibited by the protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) (lactate dehydrogenase release: 86.0±2.6% in HTK and 4.0±0.4% in HTK + DCI after 24 hr of cold incubation). Determination of protease activity showed a doubling in the activity of a Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC–cleaving protease and some increase in a relatively low Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-AMC–cleaving activity after 8 hr of cold incubation in HTK solution or 16 hr in University of Wisconsin solution. Further characterization of the protease activities showed that they belonged to two different proteases, with the major activity being calcium independent, inhibited by DCI, MG-132, and lactacystin, and strongly decreased by immunoprecipitation with an antiproteasome antibody. Preincubation of the cells with the iron chelator deferoxamine prevented the cold-induced increase of both activities. Conclusion. These results show that (i) the proteasome and possibly, in addition, a serine protease are involved in cold-induced apoptosis of liver endothelial cells and (ii) the protease activation is downstream from the increase in intracellular chelatable iron.
Th1/Th17 Plasticity Is a Marker of Advanced β Cell Autoimmunity and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Humans

Upregulation of IL-17 immunity and detrimental effects of IL-17 on human islets have been implicated in human type 1 diabetes. In animal models, the plasticity of Th1/Th17 cells contributes to the development of autoimmune diabetes. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulation of the IL-17 pathway and Th1/Th17 plasticity in peripheral blood are markers of advanced β cell autoimmunity and impaired β cell function in human type 1 diabetes. Activated Th17 immunity was observed in the late stage of preclinical diabetes in children with β cell autoimmunity and impaired glucose tolerance, but not in children with early β cell autoimmunity. We found an increased ratio of IFN-γ/IL-17 expression in Th17 cells in children with advanced β cell autoimmunity, which correlated with HbA1c and plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test, and thus impaired β cell function. Low expression of Helios was seen in Th17 cells, suggesting that Th1/Th17 cells are not converted thymus-derived regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that the development of Th1/Th17 plasticity may serve as a biomarker of disease progression from β cell autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes. These data in human type 1 diabetes emphasize the role of Th1/Th17 plasticity as a potential contributor to tissue destruction in autoimmune conditions.
A hybrid selection method of helpful unlabeled data applicable for semi-supervised learning algorithms

This paper presents an empirical study on selecting a small amount of useful unlabeled data with which the classification accuracy of semi-supervised learning algorithms can be improved. In particular, a hybrid method of unifying the simply recycled selection method and the incrementally reinforced selection method is considered and empirically evaluated. The experimental results, obtained using well-known benchmark data sets through semi-supervised support vector machines, demonstrate that the hybrid method works better than the traditional ones do in terms of classification accuracy.
Electroretinographic Changes during Childhood and Adolescence

Electroretinogram (ERG) changes with age have been studied widely, but there is no general agreement about the age at which ERG parameters reach adult values. We studied 296 eyes from 148 healthy subjects, divided into 14 age groups, ranging from 1 week to 21 years. Although most of the maturational changes or ERG take place during the first six months, the a wave completes development at three years of age and the b component shows a smooth increase in latency between 3 and 18–21 years. The latter component also shows an increase in amplitude from 7–8 to 12–14 years. During the first period of maturation the b wave parameters follow a multiplicative model. These data are discussed in relation to previously reported findings on ERG maturation and to morphological and functional eye changes with age.
Measurement and simulation of conductive dielectric two-layer materials with a multiple electrodes sensor

Impedance spectroscopy has been shown to provide a great potential as a measuring technique for monitoring human blood glucose. The two major potential benefits are the ability to perform non-invasive and continuous measurements. Previous work has outlined the range of challenges of such an impedance based technique. Our impedance sensor is composed of several capacitive fringing field electrodes with various characteristic geometries to achieve the desired penetration depths in human skin and the underlying tissue. A comparison of the measurements made on reference materials of known dielectric properties with the results of electromagnetic field simulations allows sensor characterization to be achieved and provides the ability to optimize the sensor geometry. Such comparisons reveal that the measurements and simulations are in qualitative agreement with the expected impedance behavior, i.e. there is a larger sensitivity to changes in the dielectric properties of the deeper layer for electrodes with a deeper penetration of the electromagnetic field (EMF). Another conclusion is that, despite the approximations made in the simulation process, the measured and simulated quantities agree. This opens the possibility to use simulations to define the functional relation between the measured impedances and the layers dielectric parameters in order to correlate impedance changes with glucose concentration changes.
Cancellation of common-mode output signal in Class-BD audio amplifiers

In the paper new topologies of the Class-BD amplifiers with Common-Mode (CM) free outputs have been presented. They are composed of the typical H-bridge output stage with four MOSFETs controlled by the optimal NBDD PWM signals and two additional switches separating the H-bridge from the power supply during the time intervals in which either high-side or low-side MOSFETs of the H-bridge are closed at the same time. The proposed amplifiers have been compared to the Class-BD configuration using the optimal NBDD modulation with respect to audio performance of the differential and CM outputs. Experimental models of the presented in the paper Class-BD audio amplifiers have been realized using digital audio MOSFETs IRF6775MTRPbF, single-output gate drivers with self-boost charge pump bias supply and with capacitor-based signal isolation for floating single-output gate drivers. Intensive SPICE simulations of the real output stage circuits of the proposed Class-BD amplifiers have pointed out that proposed new configurations have similar audio performance as the prototype using optimal NBDD modulation, besides keep the CM outputs constant, thereby removing a major contributor to radiated emissions.