Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Influences on the Global CSR Actions of Brazilian Mining Company Vale

This study examines institutional influences on the global Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) actions of the Brazilian mining company Vale. The article combines the principles of Kostova, Roth & Dacin (2008) on the management of multinationals, the institutional factors proposed by Campbell (2007), and the ideas of Porter & Kramer (1999, 2006) on the interrelationship of companies and society. Using secondary data and interviews with people involved in the company’s CSR actions, we find that Vale has a formal policy, integrated with its strategy and based on international standards. But it does not have a global governance model and its activities are legitimized by coercive isomorphism.
Optimized Ranking Based Recommender System for Various Application Based Fields

To find the fascinating example, distinguish web client conduct, enhance the business procedure, anticipate web client desire, we are utilizing web utilization mining making utilization of affiliation standard mining To find the relation between the data item, we are using the association rule mining, which is an important field of data mining. Information is assembled on the web server as web log record in web usage mining.A different number of website visitor access the website that is why accessing of web logs and identifying relationships among these logs becomes a complex task because of rapid growth of web log files. To observe the relationship between the log records before applying the affiliation lead some preprocessing works are expected to diminish the uproarious information of web log documents. Multiple researchers done the different type of works on the WCM and WUM to enhance the competence of the website by providing innovative methods and and this paper gives a review about the current works done on WUM by the scientists.
Reconsidering Mo Tzu on the Foundations of Morality

Dennis Ahern and David Soles raise substantial problems for the conventional interpretation of Mo Tzu as a utilitarian. Although they defend different interpretations, both scholars agree that Mo Tzu is committed to a divine command theory in some form, citing the same key passages where, supposedly, Mo Tzu explicitly endorses the divine command theory. In this paper, I defend the orthodox interpretation, insisting that Mo Tzu is a utilitarian. I show that the passages cited by Ahern and Soles do not explicitly endorse the divine command theory and are compatible with the utilitarian interpretation; in fact, I argue that many of these passages must be understood in light of a utilitarian interpretation if they are to be rendered intelligible at all. After showing that motivation for the divine command interpretation is lacking, I argue that the only satisfactory alternative is to understand Mo Tzu as a consistent utilitarian.
Neural Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), or particle filtering, is a popular class of methods for sampling from an intractable target distribution using a sequence of simpler intermediate distributions. Like other importance sampling-based methods, performance is critically dependent on the proposal distribution: a bad proposal can lead to arbitrarily inaccurate estimates of the target distribution. This paper presents a new method for automatically adapting the proposal using an approximation of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the true posterior and the proposal distribution. The method is very flexible, applicable to any parameterized proposal distribution and it supports online and batch variants. We use the new framework to adapt powerful proposal distributions with rich parameterizations based upon neural networks leading to Neural Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo (NASMC). Experiments indicate that NASMC significantly improves inference in a non-linear state space model outperforming adaptive proposal methods including the Extended Kalman and Unscented Particle Filters. Experiments also indicate that improved inference translates into improved parameter learning when NASMC is used as a subroutine of Particle Marginal Metropolis Hastings. Finally we show that NASMC is able to train a latent variable recurrent neural network (LV-RNN) achieving results that compete with the state-of-the-art for polymorphic music modelling. NASMC can be seen as bridging the gap between adaptive SMC methods and the recent work in scalable, black-box variational inference.
CEO DUALITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE — AN ENDOGENOUS

Whether dual CEO leadership structure is better for corporations is one of the most hotly debated issues in corporate finance. This paper uses a recent data to re-examine the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance, controlling for other important variables such as firm characteristics, ownership structure, CEO compensation, and agency costs. We find a recent trend of increased number of firms converting from dual to non-dual CEO structure. However, our empirical results do not show a significant relationship between CEO duality and firm performance nor improvement in firm performance after change in leadership structure. We find evidence of endogeneity, and we attribute the insignificance of the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance to the possibility that CEO duality is endogenously and optimally determined given firm characteristic and ownership structure.
Optical Lever Based Parylene Cantilevers for Biochemical Sensing

This paper reports the development of optical lever based parylene cantilevers for biochemical sensing. A sim- ple but effective process to fabricate parylene cantilevers using Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH) bulk- micromachining was demonstrated. A scheme of using anchoring holes was employed to prevent the peeling off of parylene during TMAH etching. Moreover, ridge structures were incorporated on the cantilever tip to achieve a flat sur- face for a well-controlled reflected laser spot. An analytical model was presented to guide the design of the cantilever sen- sor. The stability of the parylene cantilever sensor in water and buffer solution was demonstrated. Based on optical lever method, the parylene cantilevers successfully detected vapour phase alkanethiols, and DNA molecules in buffer solution.
Hardness of the covering radius problem on lattices

We provide the first hardness result for the covering radius problem on lattices (CRP). Namely, we show that for any large enough p les infin there exists a constant cp > 1 such that CRP in the lscrp norm is Pi2-hard to approximate to within any constant less than cp. In particular, for the case p = infin, we obtain the constant Cinfin = 1.5. This gets close to the constant 2 beyond which the problem is not believed to be Pi2-hard. As part of our proof, we establish a stronger hardness of approximation result for the forallexist-3-SAT problem with bounded occurrences. This hardness result might be useful elsewhere
Network-aware virtual machine consolidation for large data centers

Resource management in modern data centers has become a challenging task due to the tremendous growth of data centers. In large virtual data centers, performance of applications is highly dependent on the communication bandwidth available among virtual machines. Traditional algorithms either do not consider network I/O details of the applications or are computationally intensive. We address the problem of identifying the virtual machine clusters based on the network traffic and placing them intelligently in order to improve the application performance and optimize the network usage in large data center. We propose a greedy consolidation algorithm that ensures the number of migrations is small and the placement decisions are fast, which makes it practical for large data centers. We evaluated our approach on real world traces from private and academic data centers, using simulation and compared the existing algorithms on various parameters like scheduling time, performance improvement and number of migrations. We observed a ~70% savings of the interconnect bandwidth and overall ~60% improvements in the applications performances. Also, these improvements were produced within a fraction of scheduling time and number of migrations.
Datacenter Traffic Shaping for Delay Reduction in Cloud Gaming

Cloud Gaming enables users to play games using a thin-client, regardless of their location or what platform they use (PCs, laptops, tablets, smartphones). Since the major computational parts of game processing are performed in datacenters, effectively assigning the resources (e.g. memory, bandwidth) to gaming sessions plays a key role in providing a high quality gaming experience to end-users. In this paper, we propose a traffic policing and shaping method using the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm to solve the bandwidth allocation problem in cloud gaming datacenter networks. Our proposed method considers the current status of the datacenter paths in terms of remaining bandwidth and delay to achieve fair bandwidth allocation. The proposed scheme optimizes bandwidth utilization while ensuring compliance with the threshold of tolerable delay in cloud gaming systems. Our experimental results show that the proposed method improves bandwidth utilization and reduces end-to-end delay and delay variation (jitter) by almost 12% and 9%, respectively, without engendering additional packet loss compared to a representative conventional method: Equal Cost Multi-path (ECMP). These reductions lead to improvements in players' gaming experience.
Perceptual Time Patterns (`Time-Styles')

Issues pertaining to the perception of time are central to many marketing dynamics, especially for consumer behaviour. This article first presents time frames as they are established within a society (mostly described by sociology and anthropology) in relation to the perception of individuals (mostly through experimental and social psychology, as well as the marketing literature). A psychometric scale is then introduced in order to capture these time orientations (`time-styles'). Three hundred questionnaires containing 180 items, based on previous studies, have been administered. Six main dimensions are identified: preference for economic/organized time; preference for non-linear/unorganized time; orientation towards the past; orientation towards the future; time submissiveness; time anxiety.
Human motion phase segmentation based on three new features

In this paper, a new method of human motion segmentation is proposed, which the inertial data of human movement was acquired through wearable Inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the feature of raw time series data was directly extracted, which was segmented by sliding window, and then by combining Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier as the algorithm of motion phase detection. The experimental result shows that the potential pattern of human movement by segmenting the motion phase can be found through pattern recognition technique. The method can be applied into different human movements, such as walking and swimming. The feasibility and effectiveness has been verified.
Performance Analysis Of Energy Optimization Techniques In Wireless Sensor Networks

Fast growth of wireless services in recent years is an indication that considerable value is placed on wireless networks. Wireless devices have most utility when they can be used anywhere at any time. One of the greatest challenges is limited energy supplies. Therefore, energy optimization is one of the most challenging problems in wireless networks. In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks have gained growing attention from both the research community and actual users. As sensor nodes are generally battery-energized devices, so the network lifetime can be widespread to sensible times. Therefore, the crucial issue is to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, two Energy Optimization Schemes Clustering and Direct Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been compared on the basis of different parameters like scalability, energy efficiency and reliability etc. on the basis of this comparison we can use better Optimization technique according
Teacher/Mothers: Effects of a Dual Role

A series of in-depth interviews was used to document how 18 kindergarten through 3rd grade teachers who were also mothers of young children (teacher/mothers) perceived the effects of their dual role During Phase I, informants described aspects of the teacher/mother role. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data and identify recurring themes. In Phase II, a structured 4-part interview schedule was used to investigate in more detail how expectations, the most prevalent theme, affected the participants. Responses to limited-choice questions in Phase II were assigned a rank order on the basis of averages of ratings for individual items. Three major conclusions were reached. First, the informants believed that the roles complemented each other and that the role interactions were mainly beneficial Five specific advantages of the dual role were identified. Second, expectations involving both roles were seen as ambiguous, and in certain circumstances, unrealistically high. Ten specific problem areas were listed in order of importance to the informants. Third, the teacher/mothers believed that they had gained insights and learned strategies for coping with and benefiting from their dual role. Six specific strategies were described. The results were discussed in terms of their support for previous studies, as an impetus for further research and their practical application in the professional development of teachers.
Quality of reporting of pilot and feasibility cluster randomised trials: a systematic review

Objectives To systematically review the quality of reporting of pilot and feasibility of cluster randomised trials (CRTs). In particular, to assess (1) the number of pilot CRTs conducted between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014, (2) whether objectives and methods are appropriate and (3) reporting quality. Methods We searched PubMed (2011–2014) for CRTs with ‘pilot’ or ‘feasibility’ in the title or abstract; that were assessing some element of feasibility and showing evidence the study was in preparation for a main effectiveness/efficacy trial. Quality assessment criteria were based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extensions for pilot trials and CRTs. Results Eighteen pilot CRTs were identified. Forty-four per cent did not have feasibility as their primary objective, and many (50%) performed formal hypothesis testing for effectiveness/efficacy despite being underpowered. Most (83%) included ‘pilot’ or ‘feasibility’ in the title, and discussed implications for progression from the pilot to the future definitive trial (89%), but fewer reported reasons for the randomised pilot trial (39%), sample size rationale (44%) or progression criteria (17%). Most defined the cluster (100%), and number of clusters randomised (94%), but few reported how the cluster design affected sample size (17%), whether consent was sought from clusters (11%), or who enrolled clusters (17%). Conclusions That only 18 pilot CRTs were identified necessitates increased awareness of the importance of conducting and publishing pilot CRTs and improved reporting. Pilot CRTs should primarily be assessing feasibility, avoiding formal hypothesis testing for effectiveness/efficacy and reporting reasons for the pilot, sample size rationale and progression criteria, as well as enrolment of clusters, and how the cluster design affects design aspects. We recommend adherence to the CONSORT extensions for pilot trials and CRTs.
A New Social Risk? Social-Scientific Knowledge and Work-Life Balance in Twentieth-Century Finland

Work-life balance, or the reconciliation of work and family, has been discussed recently as a “new social risk” in comparative research on the welfare state. According to this discussion, the social security systems of traditional welfare states were built after World War II in order to protect (male) breadwinners against the “old social risks” such as the loss of income due to old age, sickness, accident, or unemployment. Scholars have argued, however, that these postwar policies have been inadequate for dealing with the new types of risks that resulted from complex changes in employment practices and family life. This article reflects critically upon the conceptualization of work-life balance as a new social risk by focusing on one of the Nordic countries, which have come to be known for their policies that combine (female) parenthood and paid work. In particular, it analyzes the problematization and governance of work-family reconciliation in twentieth-century Finland. Overall, the article argues that social scientific knowledge played a key role in the ways in which work-life balance was rendered intelligible and manageable as a social policy issue.
Artificial solid electrolyte interphase for aqueous lithium energy storage systems

An ultrathin graphene artificial interphase stabilizes active material and conductive carbon in aqueous energy storage systems. Aqueous lithium energy storage systems address environmental sustainability and safety issues. However, significant capacity fading after repeated cycles of charge-discharge and during float charge limit their practical application compared to their nonaqueous counterparts. We introduce an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to the aqueous systems and report the use of graphene films as an artificial SEI (G-SEI) that substantially enhance the overall performance of an aqueous lithium battery and a supercapacitor. The thickness (1 to 50 nm) and the surface area (1 cm2 to 1 m2) of the G-SEI are precisely controlled on the LiMn2O4-based cathode using the Langmuir trough–based techniques. The aqueous battery with a 10-nm-thick G-SEI exhibits a discharge capacity as high as 104 mA·hour g−1 after 600 cycles and a float charge current density as low as 1.03 mA g−1 after 1 day, 26% higher (74 mA·hour g−1) and 54% lower (1.88 mA g−1) than the battery without the G-SEI, respectively. We propose that the G-SEI on the cathode surface simultaneously suppress the structural distortion of the LiMn2O4 (the Jahn-Teller distortion) and the oxidation of conductive carbon through controlled diffusion of Li+ and restricted permeation of gases (O2 and COx), respectively. The G-SEI on both small (~1 cm2 in 1.15 mA·hour cell) and large (~9 cm2 in 7 mA·hour cell) cathodes exhibit similar property enhancement, demonstrating excellent potential for scale-up and manufacturing.
Evaluation of dead-time corrections for post-radionuclide-therapy 177Lu quantitative imaging with low-energy high-resolution collimators

ObjectivesDead-time (DT) effects rarely cause problems in diagnostic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies; however, in post-radionuclide-therapy imaging, DT can be substantial. Therefore, corrections may be necessary if quantitative images are used in image-based dosimetry or for evaluation of therapy outcomes. This task is particularly challenging if low-energy collimators are used. Our goal was to design a simple method to determine the dead-time correction factor (DTCF) without the need for phantom experiments and complex calculations. MethodsPlanar and SPECT/CT scans of a water phantom containing a 70 ml bottle filled with lutetium-177 (177Lu) were acquired over 60 days. Two small 177Lu markers were used in all scans. The DTCF based on the ratio of observed to true count rates measured over the entire spectrum and using photopeak primary photons only was estimated for phantom (DT present) and marker (no DT) scans. In addition, variations in counts in SPECT projections (potentially caused by varying bremsstrahlung and scatter) were investigated. ResultsFor count rates that were about two-fold higher than typically seen in post-therapy 177Lu scans, the maximum DTCF reached a level of about 17%. The DTCF values determined directly from the phantom experiments using the total energy spectrum and photopeak counts only were equal to 13 and 16%, respectively. They were closely matched by those from the proposed marker-based method, which uses only two energy windows and measures photopeak primary photons (15–17%). ConclusionA simple, marker-based method allowing for determination of the DTCF in high-activity 177Lu imaging studies has been proposed and validated using phantom experiments.
Performance Analysis of Datamining Algorithms for Software Quality Prediction

Data mining techniques are applied in building software fault prediction models for improving the software quality. Early identification of high-risk modules can assist in quality enhancement efforts to modules that are likely to have a high number of faults. Classification tree models are simple and effective as software quality prediction models, and timely predictions of defects from such models can be used to achieve high software reliability. In this paper, the performance of five data mining classifier algorithms named J48, CART, Random Forest, BFTree and Naïve Bayesian classifier(NBC) are evaluated based on 10 fold cross validation test. Experimental results using KC2 NASA software metrics dataset demonstrates that decision trees are much useful for fault predictions and based on rules generated only some measurement attributes in the given set of the metrics play an important role in establishing final rules and for improving the software quality by giving correct predictions. Thus we can suggest that these attributes are sufficient for future classification process. To evaluate the performance of the above algorithms Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Accuracy measures are applied.
The CATH Domain Structure Database and related resources Gene3D and DHS provide comprehensive domain family information for genome analysis

The CATH database of protein domain structures (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/cath/) currently contains 43 229 domains classified into 1467 superfamilies and 5107 sequence families. Each structural family is expanded with sequence relatives from GenBank and completed genomes, using a variety of efficient sequence search protocols and reliable thresholds. This extended CATH protein family database contains 616 470 domain sequences classified into 23 876 sequence families. This results in the significant expansion of the CATH HMM model library to include models built from the CATH sequence relatives, giving a 10% increase in coverage for detecting remote homologues. An improved Dictionary of Homologous superfamilies (DHS) (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/dhs/) containing specific sequence, structural and functional information for each superfamily in CATH considerably assists manual validation of homologues. Information on sequence relatives in CATH superfamilies, GenBank and completed genomes is presented in the CATH associated DHS and Gene3D resources. Domain partnership information can be obtained from Gene3D (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/cath/Gene3D/). A new CATH server has been implemented (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/cath/CathServer.pl) providing automatic classification of newly determined sequences and structures using a suite of rapid sequence and structure comparison methods. The statistical significance of matches is assessed and links are provided to the putative superfamily or fold group to which the query sequence or structure is assigned.