Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mobility-transparent deterministic broadcast mechanism for ad hoc networks

Broadcast (distributing a message from a source node to all other nodes) is a fundamental problem in distributed computing. Several solutions for solving this problem in mobile wireless networks are available, in which mobility is dealt with either by the use of randomized retransmissions or, in the case of deterministic delivery protocols, by using conflict-free transmission schedules. Randomized solutions can be used only when unbounded delays can be tolerated. Deterministic conflict-free solutions require schedule recomputation when topology changes, thus becoming unstable when the topology rate of change exceeds the schedule recomputation rate. The deterministic broadcast protocols we introduce in this paper overcome the above limitations by using a novel mobility-transparent schedule, thus providing a delivery (time) guarantee without the need to recompute the schedules when topology changes. We show that the proposed protocol is simple and easy to implement, and that it is optimal in networks in which assumptions on the maximum number of the neighbors of a node can be made.
ReACTR: Realtime Algorithm Configuration through Tournament Rankings

It is now readily accepted that automated algorithm configuration is a necessity for ensuring optimized performance of solvers on a particular problem domain. Even the best developers who have carefully designed their solver are not always able to manually find the best parameter settings for it. Yet, the opportunity for improving performance has been repeatedly demonstrated by configuration tools like ParamILS, SMAC, and GGA. However, all these techniques currently assume a static environment, where demonstrative instances are procured beforehand, potentially unlimited time is provided to adequately search the parameter space, and the solver would never need to be retrained. This is not always the case in practice. The ReACT system, proposed in 2014, demonstrated that a solver could be configured during runtime as new instances arrive in a steady stream. This paper further develops that approach and shows how a ranking scheme, like TrueSkill, can further improve the configurator's performance, making it able to quickly find good parameterizations without adding any overhead on the time needed to solve any new instance, and then continuously improve as new instances are evaluated. The enhancements to ReACT that we present enable us to even outperform existing static configurators like SMAC in a non-dynamic setting.
What I have changed my mind about and why

This paper is based upon a panel discussion “What I Have Changed My Mind About and Why” held on 5 November in New Orleans, Louisiana (USA), as part of the ISTSS 2015 annual meeting “Back to Basics: Integrating Clinical and Scientific Knowledge to Advance the Field of Trauma. ” The panel was chaired by Professor Dr. Rachel Yehuda of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters Veterans Affairs, and included five clinician-scholars who exchanged thoughts about what they have changed their minds about over the years: Dr. David Spiegel, Dr. Steven Southwick, Dr. Lori Davis, Dr. Thomas Neylan, and Dr. John Krystal. This paper provides a summary of the salient points made by each expert and the questions and discussion that ensured. Major issues raised included the increasingly clear limitations to the fear-based model that has advanced the field. While treatments for PTSD have improved, there are some aspects of trauma exposure that cannot be entirely repaired. Research providing an evidence base to treatment has led to overly specific treatment guidelines that may obscure more general principles of effective treatment. Treatment might be viewed as a way to increase the plasticity of the brain in the context of processing social cues. A variety of novel and integrative therapies include comprehensive holistic care, exercise, returning to competitive work, logotherapy, mindfulness, enhancing well-being and resilience, and medications with novel mechanisms, such as ketamine. Highlights of the article The fear-based model has advanced the field but has clear limitations. There is a fundamental existential component to trauma that affects both patients and therapists. Integrative therapies include comprehensive holistic care, exercise, returning to competitive work, logotherapy, mindfulness, and enhancing well-being and resilience. Novel and promising therapies include medications like ketamine. It is important that we put new treatments to the test to prove that they work but not become overly specific in identifying treatment methods.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Chinese Children: A Prevalence Meta-Analysis and Review of Influencing Factors

Objective To determine the pooled prevalence and review the influencing factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in Chinese children. Methods Articles published between January 2005 and October 2015 that studied prevalence or influencing factors of MRSA nasal colonization in Chinese children were retrieved from Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Chinese VIP database, Chinese Wanfang database, Medline database and Ovid database. Prevalence and influencing factors were analyzed by STATA 13.1. Results Thirteen articles were included. The overall prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization was 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.027–0.062). With an MRSA prevalence of 3.9% (95% CI: 0.018–0.061) in healthy children and 5.8% (95% CI: 0.025–0.092) in children with underlying medical conditions. Children recruited in the hospitals presented MRSA prevalence of 6.4% (95% CI: 0.037–0.091), which was higher than those recruited in the communities [2.7% (95% CI: 0.012–0.043)]. A number of influencing factors for MRSA nasal colonization were noted in three eligible studies: gender (male vs female; OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55–0.82), younger age (OR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.31–6.96 and OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21–2.00), attending day care centers (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.28–6.76), having infectious diseases (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.10–4.52), using antibiotics (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.45–5.05), residing in northern Taiwan (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.71), passive smoking (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63), and pneumococcal vaccination (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.48). Conclusions Children could act as reservoirs of MRSA transmissions. Hospitals remained the most frequent microorganism-circulated settings. More MRSA infection control strategies are required to prevent the dissemination among children.
Comparison of Low-Carbohydrate Vs . A Low-Fat Diet on Prostate Cancer Biomarkers

Low-carbohydrate diets slow prostate cancer (PC) growth in mice, but PC-safety is questioned due to high-fat content. In this exploratory, ancillary and hypothesisgenerating study, we compared sera from PC-free men in a randomized trial of low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) effects and in vitro PC growth. Baseline and week-24 serum were applied to LAPC-4 human PC cells and cell growth was measured (n=21), leaving minimal week-24 serum leftover. PSA was measured using remaining serum from baseline and week-16 (n=15). Low-carbohydrate diet resulted in more weight loss (median 27.1 vs. 9.4lbs, rank-sum p=0.10), although differences were not statistically significant. At week-16, median PSA was 0.69 ng/ml (IQR 0.50-0.94), with no differences between groups (rank-sum p=0.62). There was no correlation between weight loss and PSA change (Spearman r=0.05, p=0.87). Using baseline serum as reference, week-16 serum stimulated cell proliferation was identical between arms (rank-sum p=0.66). Greater weight loss correlated with decreased cell growth (r=-0.50, p=0.03). A low-carbohydrate diet resulted in greater weight loss than low-fat, but no difference in PSA. Although in vitro PC cell growth was unaffected by diet, cell growth was inhibited by weight loss. Lowcarbohydrate diets may lead to greater weight loss and weight loss may inhibit PC growth. Prospective trials in a larger cohort are underway.
Life-sketch: a framework for sketch-based modelling and animation of 3D objects

The design and animation of digital 3D models is an essential task for many applications in science, engineering, education, medicine and arts. In many instances only an approximate representation is required and a simple and intuitive modelling and animation process, suitable for untrained users, is more important than realism and extensive features. Sketch-based modelling has been shown to be a suitable interface because the underlying pen-and-paper metaphor is intuitive and effective. In this paper we present LifeSketch, a framework for sketched-based modelling and animation. Three-dimensional models are created with a variation of the popular "Teddy" algorithm. The models are analysed and skeletons with joints are extracted fully automatically. The surface mesh is bound to the curved skeletons using skinning techniques and the resulting model can be animated using skeletal animation methods. The results of our evaluation and user study suggest that modelling and animation tasks are considerable more efficient than with traditional tools. The learning curve is very flat and a half page document was sufficient to familiarise users with the tools functionality. Users were satisfied with the automatically extracted joints, but some users struggled selecting the appropriate rotation axes and angles for animating the resulting 3D objects. A more intuitive, preferable automatic or sketch-based approach for animations is needed. Overall users were satisfied with the modelling capabilities of the tool, found most of its functionality natural and intuitive, and they enjoyed using it.
Reduced ICI in OFDM systems using the "better than" raised-cosine pulse

A recently found "better than" raised-cosine pulse is employed in pulse-shaping orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing to reduce the inter-carrier interference due to frequency offset. The results show that new pulse outperforms the rectangular pulse and raised-cosine pulse in average inter-carrier interference power reduction.
Implied Binomial Trees

This article develops a new method for inferring risk-neutral probabilities (or state-contingent prices) from the simultaneously observed prices of European options. These probabilities are then used to infer a unique fully specified recombining binomial tree that is consistent with these probabilities (and, hence, consistent with all the observed option prices). A simple backwards recursive procedure solves for the entire tree. From the standpoint of the standard binomial option pricing model, which implies a limiting risk-neutral lognormal distribution for the underlying asset, the approach here provides the natural (and probably the simplest) way to generalize to arbitrary ending risk-neutral probability distributions. Copyright 1994 by American Finance Association.
Tresperimus: a new agent for transplant tolerance induction

Tresperimus is a novel agent that induces allogeneic transplant tolerance. It is structurally related to deoxyspergualin (DSG) but has been modified to resist rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution, which simplifies administration. Despite this modification, tresperimus’s actions in experimental models seem almost identical to DSG. Initially, DSG was developed as an antitumour agent. Its antitumour efficacy appears limited but DSG and tresperimus have favourable effects on transplant rejection. A short course of tresperimus has been shown to have similar or greater quantitative effects to cyclosporin in bone marrow, cardiac and skin transplant models. However, qualitatively the effects are different. Prevention of rejection is due to induction of donor-specific tolerance without affecting immunity to third party antigens. In addition, CD4+ T-cells from tresperimus-treated animals can transfer donor specific tolerance to naïve animals, an effect not seen with cyclosporin or other traditional immunosuppressive drugs. The mechanism by which tolerance is induced is not clear. Tresperimus (like DSG) binds to Hsc70, which among other effects inhibits nuclear localisation of NF-κB. NF-κB nuclear localisation is induced by CD40 ligation in antigen-presenting cells, an important early step in T-cell co-stimulation. NF-κB is also required for CD28 ligation signalling, important in late co-stimulation. It also is involved in B-cell activation, via CD40 ligation and kappa light chain production. Hsc70 is also required for efficient cytosolic peptide chaperoning to MHC class I molecules. Presumably, it is disruption of T-cell/dendritic cell interaction that leads to induction of T-cell anergy. Tresperimus is well-tolerated. The main dose limiting side effects are orthostatic hypotension and peri-oral numbness. These effects are dependant on blood drug levels and, due to its short half-life, correspond to the rate of infusion. Phase II/III clinical studies are accruing patients and results have not yet been reported. Tresperimus shows promise in the move from immunosuppression to tolerance induction as the way to prevent transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, its role in tolerance induction and effect in combination with other tolerance inducing agents e.g., CTLA-4-Ig and anti-CD40L antibodies remains unclear.
A Software Defined Security Scheme Based on SDN Environment

This paper analyzes the insufficiency of traditional network architecture in the current information era firstly, and introduces the concept of Software Defined Networking (SDN). Then it describes the problems existing in the traditional security protection by analyzing the importance of network security. On the basis of SDN, the paper analyzes the effects of the SDN technology on the traditional network security protection. Along with the idea of software defined, it puts forward the concept and the main idea of software defined security. By analyzing the classic architecture of software defined network, it is concluded that SDN technology was used to construct new network architecture to realize development and application of network virtualization. The current new network security architectures are analyzed, and it is concluded that the current security resolution schemes cannot adapt to the development of SDN. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new security architecture, which contains centralized management based on the SDN environment. The paper makes a detailed analysis of the architecture and the internal structure of security controller in the control layer. Then according to the security mechanism, the data flow process of the network security protection is described in detail. Finally, the paper analyzes the performance of the security mechanism in three security scenes and comes up with shortage of the mechanism.
Validation study of the Spanish Version of the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (CCTF)

In this study, a brief Work-Family Conflict (WFC) Questionnaire in the Spanish language is proposed that takes into account the two directions commonly reported in the literature: work interference with family (WIF), and family interference with work (FIW). The results obtained through exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) with two independent samples, carried out for women and men, showed acceptable validity and reliability. A copy of the instrument in Spanish language is provided, together with the Amos 4 syntax to perform the factor invariance analysis for women and men. The suggested Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (in Spanish, abbreviated as CCTF) may be useful in studies performed in the work setting, considering the special relevance of the concept in this line of research. En este estudio se propone un cuestionario breve en lengua española para medir conflicto trabajo – familia, que tiene en cuenta las dos direcciones comúnmente informadas en la literatura: interferencia del trabajo en la familia (TF), e interferencia de la familia en el trabajo (FT). Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio con dos muestras independientes y llevados a cabo para mujeres y hombres, mostraron una validez y fiabilidad aceptables. Se proporciona una copia del instrumento utilizado en lengua española, así como la sintaxis en Amos 4 para llevar a cabo el análisis de invarianza factorial para mujeres y hombres. El cuestionario de conflicto trabajo – familia (CCTF) que se propone, puede ser útil en los estudios realizados en el mundo del trabajo, ya que se trata de un concepto de especial relevancia en esta línea de investigación.
When Groups Consist of Multiple Nationalities: Towards a New Understanding of the Implications

International companies are rapidly increasing their use of multinational groups (MNGs), sometimes with great success and sometimes severe frustration. The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual understanding of the implications of multinational composition for group functioning. Moving across units of analysis, we focus first on the individual group member's characteristics as a reflection of his or her nationality, then on the effects of multinational diversity on group functioning and performance, and finally on the association between corporate policies and the use of MNGs. We close the paper with a proposed research agenda on multinational groups.
Out-of-School-Time Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Effects for At-Risk Students

Schools and districts are adopting out-of-school-time (OST) programs such as after-school programs and summer schools to supplement the education of low-achieving students. However, research has painted a mixed picture of their effectiveness. To clarify OST impacts, this synthesis examined research on OST programs for assisting at-risk students in reading and/or mathematics. Researchers analyzed 35 OST studies that employed control or comparison groups and met other inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses indicated small but statistically significant positive effects of OST on both reading and mathematics student achievement and larger positive effect sizes for programs with specific characteristics such as tutoring in reading. Whether the OST program took place after school or during the summer did not make a difference in effectiveness.
TIME: A training-in-memory architecture for memristor-based deep neural networks

The training of neural network (NN) is usually time-consuming and resource intensive. Memristor has shown its potential in computation of NN. Especially for the metal-oxide resistive random access memory (RRAM), its crossbar structure and multi-bit characteristic can perform the matrix-vector product in high precision, which is the most common operation of NN. However, there exist two challenges on realizing the training of NN. Firstly, the current architecture can only support the inference phase of training and cannot perform the backpropagation (BP), the weights update of NN. Secondly, the training of NN requires enormous iterations and constantly updates the weights to reach the convergence, which leads to large energy consumption because of lots of write and read operations. In this work, we propose a novel architecture, TIME, and peripheral circuit designs to enable the training of NN in RRAM. TIME supports the BP and the weights update while maximizing the reuse of peripheral circuits for the inference operation on RRAM. Meanwhile, a variability-free tuning scheme and gradually-write circuits are designed to reduce the cost of tuning RRAM. We explore the performance of both SL (supervised learning) and DRL (deep reinforcement learning) in TIME, and a specific mapping method of DRL is also introduced to further improve the energy efficiency. Experimental results show that, in SL, TIME can achieve 5.3× higher energy efficiency on average compared with the most powerful application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) in the literature. In DRL, TIME can perform averagely 126× higher than GPU in energy efficiency. If the cost of tuning RRAM can be further reduced, TIME have the potential of boosting the energy efficiency by 2 orders of magnitude compared with ASIC.
Incorporating Response Bias in a Dual-Process Theory of Memory

Abstract We examined several different methods for incorporating response bias into a dual-process theory of recognition memory. Two high threshold correction methods, which have previously been applied to the process dissociation procedure, and a new, dual-process signal-detection method, were assessed. An examination of receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) showed that the threshold methods were inappropriate, but that the signal-detection method provided a reasonable account of the observed ROCs. Applying the corrections to a second data set showed that the different correction methods led to dramatically different conclusions, demonstrating that selecting the correct correction method is critical. Moreover, in agreement with the ROC analysis, the signal-detection method was the only one to provide a reasonable account of the data.
The Olympics and 'Global Citizenship'

This paper develops a citizenship-based perspective on an important but under-researched global cultural movement, namely, the Olympic Movement. Drawing on recent research into the Olympics and other popular cultural 'mega-event' movements [M. Roche (2000) Mega-events and Modernity: Olympics, Expos and the Growth of Global Culture (London, Routledge)], the paper outlines a conceptual framework for analysing the Olympics in terms 'global citizenship'. 'Global citizenship' is taken to refer on the one hand to 'universal citizenship' (individualized human rights) and on the other hand to 'global corporate citizenship' (corporate action in international civil society). This framework is then applied in a discussion of some of the contemporary Olympic Movement's main problems and one of its main projects, the 'Olympic Truce'.
Automated method for generating the arterial input function on perfusion-weighted MR imaging: validation in patients with stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The choice of arterial input function (AIF) can have a profound effect on the blood flow maps generated on perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI). Automation of this process could substantially reduce operator dependency, increase consistency, and accelerate PWI analysis. We created an automated AIF identification program (auto-AIF) and validated its performance against conventional manual methods. METHODS We compared the auto-AIF against manually derived AIFs from multisection PWIs of 22 patients with stroke. Time to peak, curve width, curve height, and voxel location determined with both techniques were compared. The time to maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were computed on a per-pixel basis for each AIF. Spatial patterns of 528 map pairs were compared by computing Pearson correlation coefficients between maps generated with each method. RESULTS All auto-AIF-derived PWI map parameters, including bolus peak, width, and height, were consistently superior to manually derived ones. Reproducibility of the auto-AIF-based Tmax maps was excellent (r = 1.0). Paired Tmax maps and CBF maps from both techniques were well correlated (r = 0.82). Time to identify the AIF was significantly shorter with the auto-AIF method than with the manual technique (mean difference, 72 seconds; 95% confidence interval: 54, 89 seconds). CONCLUSION An automated program that identifies the AIF is feasible and can create reliably reproducible and accurate Tmax and CBF maps. Automation of this process could reduce PWI analysis time and increase consistency and may allow for more effective use of PWI in the evaluation of acute stroke.