Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mother–Child Joint Conversational Exchanges During Events: Linkages to Children's Memory Reports Over Time

This longitudinal study explores linkages between patterns of mother–child conversation as events unfold and children's subsequent event memory reports. Eighty-nine mother-child dyads took part in novel “adventures” in their homes when the children were 36 and 42 months old. In contrast to “low joint talk” dyads, the conversations of “high joint talk” dyads were characterized by a high proportion of children's correct responses to their mothers' Wh- questions, and a low proportion of failures to respond to these queries. Children in the high joint talk dyads reported more in memory assessments at 36 and 42 months than their low joint talk counterparts. The results point to specific forms of elaborative conversational interactions that may be especially important for successful remembering.
Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Increases the Susceptibility to Autoimmunity in Offspring Rats by Epigenetic Programing of Glucocorticoid Receptor

Objective. Prenatal glucocorticoids (GC) can induce long term effects on offspring health. However, reports and related studies regarding the prolonged effects of prenatal GC on the development of autoimmunity are limited. Here, we aimed to explore the immunological effects of dexamethasone (DEX) exposure on young adults and whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is involved in this process. Methods. Wistar rats were given DEX during pregnancy. Susceptibility to autoimmunity in offspring was assessed using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) animal models. To reveal the possible mechanism, glucocorticoid response, GR expression, and methylation status were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results. Our results showed that the DEX-treated rats had greater susceptibility to EAE (100% versus 62.5%, P < 0.05) and AIA (63.6% versus 0%, P < 0.05) than saline control group. Glucocorticoid response and GR expression were decreased in DEX rats. Significant difference was also found in the methylation levels of GR exon 1-10 to exon 1-11 region. Conclusions. Prenatal DEX administration increases the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, which is potentially mediated by programming GR methylation status and glucocorticoid sensitivity.
Impact of trichostatin A and sodium valproate treatment on post-stroke neurogenesis and behavioral outcomes in immature mice

Stroke in the neonatal brain frequently results in neurologic impairments including cognitive disability. We investigated the effect of long-term sodium valproate (valproate) and trichostatin A (TSA) treatment upon post-stroke neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of stroke-injured immature mice. Decreased or abnormal integration of newborn DG neurons into hippocampal circuits can result in impaired visual-spatial function, abnormal modulation of mood-related behaviors, and the development of post-stroke epilepsy. Unilateral carotid ligation of P12 CD1 mice was followed by treatment with valproate, TSA, or vehicle for 2 weeks, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) administration for measurement of neurogenesis, and perfusion at P42 or P60. Behavior testing was conducted from P38–42. No detrimental effects on behavior testing were noted with TSA treatment, but mildly impaired cognitive function was noted with valproate-treated injured animals compared to normal animals. Significant increases in DG neurogenesis with both TSA and valproate treatment were noted with later administration of BrdU. Increased mortality and impaired weight gain was noted in the valproate-treated ligated animals, but not in the TSA-treated animals. In summary, the impact of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition upon post-stroke subgranular zone neurogenesis is likely to depend on the age of the animal at the time point when neurogenesis is assessed, duration of HDAC inhibition before BrdU labeling, and/or the stage in the evolution of the injury.
Control for Schroedinger operators on tori

A well known result of Jaffard states that an arbitrary region on a torus controls, in the L2 sense, solutions of the free stationary and dynamical Schroedinger equations. In this note we show that the same result is valid in the presence of a smooth time-independent potential. The methods apply to continuous potentials as well and we conjecture that the L2 control is valid for any bounded time dependent potential.
Open String BRST Cohomology for Generalized Complex Branes

It has been shown recently that the geometry of D-branes in general topologically twisted (2,2) sigma-models can be described in the language of generalized complex (GC) structures. On general grounds, such D-branes (called GC branes) must form a category. We compute the BRST cohomology of open strings with both ends on the same GC brane. In mathematical terms, we determine spaces of endomorphisms in the category of GC branes. We find that the BRST cohomology can be expressed as the cohomology of a Lie algebroid canonically associated to any GC brane. In the special case of B-branes, this leads to an apparently new way to compute Ext groups of holomorphic line bundles supported on complex submanifolds: while the usual method leads to a spectral sequence converging to the Ext, our approach expresses the Ext group as the cohomology of a certain differential acting on the space of smooth sections of a graded vector bundle on the submanifold. In the case of coisotropic A-branes, our computation confirms a proposal of Orlov and one of the authors (A.K.).
Proportional Fairness in Multi-Rate Wireless LANs

In multi-rate wireless LANs, throughput-based fair bandwidth allocation can lead to drastically reduced aggregate throughput. To balance aggregate throughput while serving users in a fair manner, proportional fair or time-based fair scheduling has been proposed to apply at each access point (AP). However, since a realistic deployment of wireless LANs can consist of a network of APs, this paper considers proportional fairness in this much wider setting. Our technique is to intelligently associate users with APs to achieve optimal proportional fairness in a network of APs. We propose two approximation algorithms for periodical offline optimization. Our algorithms are the first approximation algorithms in the literature with a tight worst-case guarantee for the NP-hard problem. Our simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms can obtain an aggregate throughput which can be as much as 2.3 times more than that of the max-min fair allocation in 802.11b. While maintaining aggregate throughput, our approximation algorithms outperform the default user-AP association method in the 802.11b standard significantly in terms of fairness.
Analysis of Gene Expression Data 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Motivation 5.1.2 Universal Dna Tag Arrays

Custom-designed DNA arrays offer the possibility of simultaneously monitoring thousands of hybridization reactions. These arrays show great potential for many medical and scientific applications, such as polymorphism analysis and genotyping. Relatively high costs are associated with the need to specifically design and synthesize problem-specific arrays. Recently, an alternative approach was suggested that utilize fixed, universal arrays. This approach presents an interesting design problem the arrays should contain as many probes as possible, while minimizing experimental errors caused by cross-hybridization. This lecture presents the work of Ben-Dor et al. [1] on the design problem. They use a simple thermodynamical model to cast this design problem in a formal mathematical framework. Employing new combinatorial ideas, they derive an efficient construction for the design problem and prove that the construction is near-optimal.
Specifying memory consistency of write buffer multiprocessors

Write buffering is one of many successful mechanisms that improves the performance and scalability of multiprocessors. However, it leads to more complex memory system behavior, which cannot be described using intuitive consistency models, such as Sequential Consistency. It is crucial to provide programmers with a specification of the exact behavior of such complex memories. This article presents a uniform framework for describing systems at different levels of abstraction and proving their equivalence. The framework is used to derive and prove correct simple specifications in terms of program-level instructions of the sparc total store order and partial store order memories.The framework is also used to examine the sparc relaxed memory order. We show that it is not a memory consistency model that corresponds to any implementation on a multiprocessor that uses write-buffers, even though we suspect that the sparc version 9 specification of relaxed memory order was intended to capture a general write-buffer architecture. The same technique is used to show that Coherence does not correspond to a write-buffer architecture. A corollary, which follows from the relationship between Coherence and Alpha, is that any implementation of Alpha consistency using write-buffers cannot produce all possible Alpha computations. That is, there are some computations that satisfy the Alpha specification but cannot occur in the given write-buffer implementation.
"Change is hard": What science teachers are telling us about reform and teacher learning of innovative practices

Over the last decade, significant efforts have been made to bring change to science classrooms. Educational researchers (Anderson, R. D., & Helms, J. V. (2001). Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(1), 3–16. ) have pointed to the need to examine reform efforts systemically to understand the pathways and impediments to successful reform. This study provides a critical analysis of the implementation of an innovative science curriculum at a middle school site. In particular, the author explores the issues that surround teacher learning of new practices including the structures, policies, and practices that were in place within the reform context that supported or impeded teacher learning. Parallels are drawn between student and teacher learning and the importance of autonomy and decision-making structures for both populations of learners. Findings presented include (1) how staff development with constructivist underpinnings facilitated teacher learning; (2) how regular and frequent opportunities for interactions with colleagues and outside support personnel contributed to teacher learning; (3) how the decline of such interactive forums and the continuation of old decision-making structures restricted the development of teacher knowledge, expertise, and a common vision of the science program; and (4) how the process of field-testing at this site limited the incorporation of teachers' prior knowledge and impacted teacher acquisition of new knowledge and skills. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed87:3–30, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10037
Two distinct overstretched DNA structures revealed by single-molecule thermodynamics measurements

Double-stranded DNA is a dynamic molecule whose structure can change depending on conditions. While there is consensus in the literature about many structures DNA can have, the state of highly-stretched DNA is still not clear. Several groups have shown that DNA in the torsion-unconstrained B-form undergoes an “overstretching” transition at a stretching force of around 65 pN, which leads to approximately 1.7-fold elongation of the DNA contour length. Recent experiments have revealed that two distinct structural transitions are involved in the overstretching process: (i) a hysteretic “peeling” off one strand from its complementary strand, and (ii) a nonhysteretic transition that leads to an undetermined DNA structure. We report the first simultaneous determination of the entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy changes (ΔH) pertaining to these respective transitions. For the hysteretic peeling transition, we determined ΔS ∼ 20 cal/(K.mol) and ΔH ∼ 7 kcal/mol. In the case of the nonhysteretic transition, ΔS ∼ -3 cal/(K.mol) and ΔH ∼ 1 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the response of the transition force to salt concentration implies that the two DNA strands are spatially separated after the hysteretic peeling transition. In contrast, the corresponding response after the nonhysteretic transition indicated that the strands remained in close proximity. The selection between the two transitions depends on DNA base-pair stability, and it can be illustrated by a multidimensional phase diagram. Our results provide important insights into the thermodynamics of DNA overstretching and conformational structures of overstretched DNA that may play an important role in vivo.
Stratospheric ozone and ClO measurement using Balloon-Borne submillimeter limb sounder

Stratospheric O/sub 3/ and ClO were simultaneously observed off the northeastern coast of Japan by the Balloon-Borne Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (BSMILES) developed at National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. BSMILES is a highly sensitive submillimeter radiometer that exploits the superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) technology for atmospheric research. This paper presents the first BSMILES spectra, and describes the details of the calibration process. The vertical profiles of O/sub 3/ and ClO have been also retrieved. In spite of some calibration uncertainties the obtained profiles are in relatively good agreement with previous and other available measurements.
SIW leaky wave antennas

The substrate integrated waveguide can easily be integrated with planar microwave circuits. Antennas designed on this transmission line have a planar structure, and can be fabricated by a standard PCB technology, so they are suitable for mass production. This paper presents the results of an investigation of leaky wave antennas designed on a substrate integrated waveguide. The interest is given to three antenna types: antenna radiating from a slot in the top waveguide wall, CRLH and dual band CRLH leaky wave antennas.
Discourse, memory, and the adult attachment interview : A note with emphasis on the emerging cannot classify category

Ce bref rapport met l'accent sur l'apparition d'une nouvelle categorie de l'Entretien d'Attachement Adulte (Adult Attachment Interview, soit AAI en anglais): la categorie Impossible a Classifier. Le systeme de classification de l'Entretien d'Attachement Adulte est etudie en mettant l'accent sur les differences entre les categories AAI en ce qu'elles se rattachent a des strategies ou des defaillances de strategie pour l'integration et la concentration de l'attention et de la memoire. La categorie Impossible a Classifier differe des autres categories AAI en ce qu'elle semble representer une rupture globale dans l'organisation et le maintien d'une strategie singuliere pour l'adherence aux tâches de discours de AAI. Certains resultats et speculations recents quant aux implications cliniques de la categorie Impossible a Classifier sont offerts.
Phonological differentiation before age two in a Tagalog–Spanish–English trilingual child

Abstract This study focuses on a trilingual toddler's ability to differentiate her Tagalog, Spanish and English productions on phonological/phonetic grounds. Working within the articulatory phonology framework, the word-initial segments produced by the child in Tagalog, Spanish and English words at age 1;10 were narrowly transcribed by two researchers and her accuracy levels in employing/reproducing the specific gestural properties of word-initial consonants (e.g. constricting organ, location, degree and glottal gestures) were compared across languages. The child's phonetic inventories in each language were also compared to those produced by monolingual peers to assess whether trilingual exposure had any consequence on phonological production. The results indicate that the child's accuracy levels in word-initial segments differed significantly from language to language reflecting distinct levels of phonological development. The child's performance with organ and location was indeed higher in her stronger language(s), while success in reproducing constriction degree tended to be greater in those languages with a larger variety of fricatives. The child also produced a variety of language-specific phonemes that went beyond the average monolingual inventory, suggesting that multilingual exposure might lead to a heightened attention towards the phonological properties of these languages, thereby enhancing phonological production.
Knowledge and Organization: A Social-Practice Perspective

While the recent focus on knowledge has undoubtedly benefited organizational studies, the literature still presents a sharply contrasting and even contradictory view of knowledge, which at times is described as "sticky" and at other times "leaky. " This paper is written on the premise that there is more than a problem with metaphors at issue here, and more than accounts of different types of knowledge (such as "tacit" and "explicit") can readily explain. Rather, these contrary descriptions of knowledge reflect different, partial, and sometimes "balkanized" perspectives from which knowledge and organization are viewed. Taking the community of practice as a unifying unit of analysis for understanding knowledge in the firm, the paper suggests that often too much attention is paid to the idea of community, too little to the implications of practice. Practice, we suggest, creates epistemic differences among the communities within a firm, and the firm's advantage over the market lies in dynamically coordinating the knowledge produced by these communities despite such differences. In making this argument, we argue that analyses of systemic innovation should be extended to embrace all firms in a knowledge economy, not just the classically innovative. This extension will call for a transformation of conventional ideas coordination and of the trade-off between exploration and exploitation.
Cytoplasmic Cl− couples membrane remodeling to epithelial morphogenesis

Significance Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) serve important physiological functions, including modulation of signal processing of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study, we uncover a previously underappreciated role for TMEM16A, an evolutionarily conserved CaCC, in regulating cytoplasmic chloride homeostasis and membrane remodeling events in nonexcitable epithelial tissues. TMEM16A-mediated intracellular chloride homeostasis can modulate the partitioning of membrane phosphoinositides and endocytic transport, providing a new mechanism that controls membrane dynamics, a key property of eukaryotic cell membranes important for numerous cellular processes in development and diseases. Chloride is the major free anion in the extracellular space (>100 mM) and within the cytoplasm in eukaryotes (10 ∼ 20 mM). Cytoplasmic Cl− level is dynamically regulated by Cl− channels and transporters. It is well established that movement of Cl− across the cell membrane is coupled with cell excitability through changes in membrane potential and with water secretion. However, whether cytoplasmic Cl− plays additional roles in animal development and tissue homeostasis is unknown. Here we use genetics, cell biological and pharmacological tools to demonstrate that TMEM16A, an evolutionarily conserved calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), regulates cytoplasmic Cl− homeostasis and promotes plasma membrane remodeling required for mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. We demonstrate that TMEM16A-mediated control of cytoplasmic Cl− regulates the organization of the major phosphoinositide species PtdIns(4,5)P2 into microdomains on the plasma membrane, analogous to processes that cluster soluble and membrane proteins into phase-separated droplets. We further show that an adequate cytoplasmic Cl− level is required for proper endocytic trafficking and membrane supply during early stages of ciliogenesis and adherens junction remodeling. Our study thus uncovers a critical function of CaCC-mediated cytoplasmic Cl− homeostasis in controlling the organization of PtdIns(4,5)P2 microdomains and membrane remodeling. This newly defined role of cytoplasmic Cl− may shed light on the mechanisms of intracellular Cl− signaling events crucial for regulating tissue architecture and organelle biogenesis during animal development.
Correlation between breastfeeding and maternal health status

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the relation between breastfeeding efficacy and health status in a sample of 88 mothers from Southern Brazil. Methods: Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Personal Health Scale. Breastfeeding efficacy was evaluated using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations between breastfeeding and health status scores were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of this study revealed significant correlations between the scores of the two general health and well-being questionnaires and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that both health status instruments significantly predicted Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores. Conclusion: Breastfeeding efficacy is significantly related to maternal health status in Southern Brazil.
Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Actin-Dependent Intracellular Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana

Volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) derives from the biodegradation of the glucosinolate sinigrin and has been associated with growth inhibition in several plants, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms of this feature remain scarcely investigated in plants. In this study, we present evidence of an AITC-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport in A. thaliana. A transgenic line of A. thaliana expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged actin filaments was used to show attenuation of actin filament movement by AITC. This appeared gradually in a time- and dose-dependent manner and resulted in actin filaments appearing close to static. Further, we employed four transgenic lines with YFP-fusion proteins labeling the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuoles and peroxisomes to demonstrate an AITC-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport of or, in these structures, consistent with the decline in actin filament movement. Furthermore, the morphologies of actin filaments, ER and vacuoles appeared aberrant following AITC-exposure. However, AITC-treated seedlings of all transgenic lines tested displayed morphologies and intracellular movements similar to that of the corresponding untreated and control-treated plants, following overnight incubation in an AITC-absent environment, indicating that AITC-induced decline in actin-related movements is a reversible process. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular events in plant cells following exposure to AITC, which may further expose clues to the physiological significance of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system.