Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low-cost GPS/INS integration based on UKF and BP neural network

Nowadays, low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS)/inertial Navigation System (INS) integration is widely used. Numerous techniques based on Kalman Filter (KF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are proposed to fuse the GPS and INS data. Kalman filter is an optimal real-time data fusion method for GPS/INS integration while GPS signal is available. But when GPS outages, Kalman filter cannot provide estimated position errors for INS. Without compensation, navigation accuracy will deteriorate badly along with time. ANNs are able to handle the problem of non-linearity and map input-output relationships without prior knowledge. In order to provide continuous, accurate and reliable navigation solution even during GPS outages, we proposed a novel model of combining UKF and BP neural network algorithms for INS errors compensation. UKF is an implementation of KF with great performance and used to ensure the high accuracy when GPS is available. BP is a most widely used method of training a multi-layer Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks (FFANNs). On the basis of enough training, it can predict INS position error when GPS signal is blocked. The model has been verified to have good performance for fusing GPS and INS data, even when GPS signal is unavailable.
Application of Meta-level Abduction for the Treatment of Hypertension Using SOLAR

Hypertension is a multifactorial and multi-gene abnormality that affects 25 percent of the world’s population. Thus, in the last decades vast research has been conducted in order to determine the mechanisms of that disorder. This lead to the introduction of pathways that describe those mechanisms. Using that knowledge, scientists were able to design drugs that act directly on the pathway in order to reduce hypertension. The goal here is to establish a framework that enables us to rediscover those drugs using meta-level abduction. This can be done by using a combination of four pathways involved in the regulation of the blood pressure inside the body. In this context, causal rules are abduced to suppress vasoconstriction (vessel’s narrowing). We explore the difficulties we face with the contrast of an ideal framework and practical application, especially in the case of negative feedback loops and integrity constraints.
Tackling Offshore Communication Challenges with Agile Architecture-Centric Development

Offshoring is not as popular as it seems. According to a recent German survey, only 1.5% of all outsourcing activities target offshore locations. This is a remarkably small figure taking into account the widely published purported benefits of offshoring. In this paper we demonstrate that communication problems are at the core of offshoring woes. This does not come as a surprise as they also play a major role in onshore projects. Based on our experience in tackling these challenges with our well established communication-centered agile design and development approach, we present case-study-reinforced advice for successful offshore projects. We show that a common view of the underlying architecture is of paramount importance for these projects.
Using Percolated Dependencies for Phrase Extraction in SMT

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems rely heavily on the quality of the phrase pairs induced from large amounts of training data. Apart from the widely used method of heuristic learning of n-gram phrase translations from word alignments, there are numerous methods for extracting these phrase pairs. One such class of approaches uses translation information encoded in parallel treebanks to extract phrase pairs. Work to date has demonstrated the usefulness of translation models induced from both constituency structure trees and dependency structure trees. Both syntactic annotations rely on the existence of natural language parsers for both the source and target languages. We depart from the norm by directly obtaining dependency parses from constituency structures using head percolation tables. The paper investigates the use of aligned chunks induced from percolated dependencies in French–English SMT and contrasts it with the aforementioned extracted phrases. We observe that adding phrase pairs from any other method improves translation performance over the baseline n-gram-based system, percolated dependencies are a good substitute for parsed dependencies, and that supplementing with our novel head percolation-induced chunks shows a general trend toward improving all system types across two data sets up to a 5.26% relative increase in BLEU.
piCholesky: Polynomial Interpolation of Multiple Cholesky Factors for Efficient Approximate Cross-Validation

The dominant cost in solving least-square problems using Newton's method is often that of factorizing the Hessian matrix over multiple values of the regularization parameter ($\lambda$). We propose an efficient way to interpolate the Cholesky factors of the Hessian matrix computed over a small set of $\lambda$ values. This approximation enables us to optimally minimize the hold-out error while incurring only a fraction of the cost compared to exact cross-validation. We provide a formal error bound for our approximation scheme and present solutions to a set of key implementation challenges that allow our approach to maximally exploit the compute power of modern architectures. We present a thorough empirical analysis over multiple datasets to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Conceptual Playworlds: the role of imagination in play and learning

ABSTRACT Increasingly concerns are expressed about the formalisation of early childhood education and the loss of opportunities for children’s play in a range of European and European heritage countries. This paper takes up this challenge by discussing, from a cultural-historical perspective, the relations between play and learning in pre-school settings. A theoretical discussion of practices and affordances of a Conceptual Playworld, grounded in a cultural historical conception of play, is presented. New concepts are needed for understanding the relations between play and learning in pre-school settings, where the focus has traditionally been on play as the leading activity. Theorised are four key characteristics that emerge from the practice of a Conceptual Playworld illustrated through a practice example of Charlotte’s Web. In this context, it is argued that imagination in play is foundational for imagination in conceptual learning, and therefore play-based programs make a key contribution to the development and learning of the young child.
Zero-Variance Principle for Monte Carlo Algorithms

We present a general approach to greatly increase at little cost the efficiency of Monte Carlo algorithms. To each observable to be computed we associate a renormalized observable (improved estimator) having the same average but a different variance. By writing down the zero-variance condition a fundamental equation determining the optimal choice for the renormalized observable is derived (zero-variance principle for each observable separately). We show, with several examples including classical and quantum Monte Carlo calculations, that the method can be very powerful.
A Possible Link between Artificial and Biological Neural Network Learning Rules

A learning rule for stochastic neural networks is described, which corresponds to biological neural systems in all major aspects. Instead of backpropagating a vector through the synapses, only a few scalars are broadcast across the whole network, corresponding to the role played by the neurotransmitter dopamine. In addition, the annealing process avoids local optima in the learning process and corresponds to the difference in learning between adults and children. Some more detailed predictions are made for future comparison with neurophysiological data.
Destruction of volatile organic compounds by the optimal multivariable control of a catalytic reverse flow reactor

This paper aims to compare 2 optimal control laws for a catalytic reverse flow reactor (RFR), which topic has not often been tackled. The RFR aims to destruct volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are noxious products and are the source of a lot of problems: pollution, acid rains, woods wasting, green house effect and health hazards. Due to the public regulations, the VOCs discharge in the atmosphere becomes therefore more and more limited. The RFR is characterized by a periodic cycle of treatment of the VOC flow, allowing trapping the heat of reaction inside the core of the RFR. This allows using the RFR in an autothermal mode. The control problem tackled here is to maintain the RFR is this mode, such that the RFR extinction is avoided, and such that the catalyst elements are not destroyed. Effects of the influencing stochastic variations of the inlet pollutant concentration (the input disturbance) have to be accounted for by the optimal constrained tuning of the dilution rate and the internal electric heating. Optimal closed-loop performances of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a model predictive controller (MPC) are compared through simulations.
A Few Steps More Towards NPT Bound Entanglement

In this paper, existence of bound entangled states with nonpositive partial transpose (NPT) is considered. As one knows, existence of such states would in particular imply nonadditivity of distillable entanglement. Moreover, it would rule out a simple mathematical description of the set of distillable states. The particular state, known to be 1-copy nondistillable and supposed to be bound entangled, is considered. The problem of its two-copy distillability, which boils down to show that maximal overlap of some projector <i>Q</i> with Schmidt rank two states does not exceed 1/2 (called the <i>half-property</i>), is studied. First, it is shown that the maximum overlap can be attained on vectors that are not of the simple product form with respect to cut between two copies. Then, the problem in attacked twofold way: (a) the half-property is proved for some wide classes of Schmidt rank two states; (b) the overlap for <i>all</i> Schmidt rank two states is bounded from above by <i>c</i> <; 3/4. Moreover, the problem has been translated into the following matrix analysis problem: bound the sum of the squares of the two largest singular values of matrix <i>A</i> ⊗<i>I</i> +<i>I</i> ⊗<i>B</i> with <i>A</i>,<i>B</i> traceless 4 × 4 matrices, and Tr <i>A</i><sup>f</sup><i>A</i> + Tr <i>B</i><sup>f</sup><i>B</i> = <sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>.
Support, Reluctance, and Production in Child Abuse Investigative Interviews

Child abuse victims are required to participate in stressful forensic investigations but often fail to fully report details about their victimization. Especially in intrafamilial abuse cases, children’s emotional states presumably involve reluctance to report abuse. The current study examined the effects of interviewers’ support on children’s reluctance and production of information when interviewed. The sample comprised 200 interviews of 6- to 14-year-old suspected victims of physical abuse perpetrated by a family member. Interviews followed the NICHD (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) Revised Protocol (RP), which emphasizes supportive practices. All the cases were corroborated by external evidence, suggesting that the reports of abuse made by the children were valid. Coders identified instances of interviewer support and questioning, as well as indications of reluctance and the production of forensic details by the children. Expressions of reluctance predicted that information was less likely to be provided in that utterance, whereas expressions of support predicted less reluctance and increased informativeness in the following child utterance. Mediation analyses revealed that decreased reluctance partially mediated the effects of support on increased informativeness. The data indicate that support can effectively address children’s reluctance, resulting in increased informativeness and thus confirming expert recommendations that supportive interviews should be considered best practice. The findings also shed light on the underlying mechanism of support, suggesting both direct and indirect effects on children’s informativeness.
Error optimization using Bat and PSO algorithms for machine vision system based tool movement

This paper presents a comparison of Bat and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms for optimization of lathe tool positional error in a developed machine vision system for determination of lathe tool position and verification. Bat algorithm is based on echolocation behavior of bats while PSO is inspired by social behavior of birds flocking in search for food. Both metaheuristic algorithms were tested on lathe tool movement ranging from 0.020 mm to 7 mm. The results for various lathe tool movements have demonstrated that Bat algorithm outperforms the PSO algorithm.
Simple additive effects are rare: a quantitative review of plant biomass and soil process responses to combined manipulations of 
CO2

 and temperature

In recent years, increased awareness of the potential interactions between rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([ CO2 ]) and temperature has illustrated the importance of multifactorial ecosystem manipulation experiments for validating Earth System models. To address the urgent need for increased understanding of responses in multifactorial experiments, this article synthesizes how ecosystem productivity and soil processes respond to combined warming and [ CO2 ] manipulation, and compares it with those obtained in single factor [ CO2 ] and temperature manipulation experiments. Across all combined elevated [ CO2 ] and warming experiments, biomass production and soil respiration were typically enhanced. Responses to the combined treatment were more similar to those in the [ CO2 ]‐only treatment than to those in the warming‐only treatment. In contrast to warming‐only experiments, both the combined and the [ CO2 ]‐only treatments elicited larger stimulation of fine root biomass than of aboveground biomass, consistently stimulated soil respiration, and decreased foliar nitrogen (N) concentration. Nonetheless, mineral N availability declined less in the combined treatment than in the [ CO2 ]‐only treatment, possibly due to the warming‐induced acceleration of decomposition, implying that progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) may not occur as commonly as anticipated from single factor [ CO2 ] treatment studies. Responses of total plant biomass, especially of aboveground biomass, revealed antagonistic interactions between elevated [ CO2 ] and warming, i.e. the response to the combined treatment was usually less‐than‐additive. This implies that productivity projections might be overestimated when models are parameterized based on single factor responses. Our results highlight the need for more (and especially more long‐term) multifactor manipulation experiments. Because single factor CO2 responses often dominated over warming responses in the combined treatments, our results also suggest that projected responses to future global warming in Earth System models should not be parameterized using single factor warming experiments.
Tuning rules for a reset PI compensator with variable reset

Abstract The PI+CI compensator is a simple reset compensator, its base system is a PI, which has been shown to be effective in a number of practical applications. One fundamental parameter to be tuned is the reset ratio; for lag dominant systems or systems with integrators it is known to give good results overcoming PI compensation. In this work, a systematic method for the tuning of a variable reset ratio (variable at the reset instants) is developed for first and second order plants.
THE INSENSrIIvrI ' Y OF CONSUMPTION TO NEWS ABOUT INCOME

This paper uses a variance bounds test to see whether consumption is too sensitive to news about income to be consistent with a standard permanent, income model, under the maintained hypothesis that income has a unit root, It is found that, if anything, consumption is less sensitive than the model would predict. This implication is robust to the r~resentative consumer having private information about his future income that the econometrician does -ot have, to wealth shocks, and to transitory consumption. This suggests the importance in future research on the model of allowing for factors that tend to make cousumptian smooth.
Daidzein and genistein contents of vegetables

Food samples (n 114) were prepared from vegetables commonly eaten in Europe. The glycosidic forms of the phyto-oestrogens daidzein and genistein were extracted from the dried foods into aqueous methanol. The isoflavones were quantified by GC–MS after hydrolytic removal of any conjugated carbohydrate. Completeness of extraction and any procedural losses of the isoflavones were accounted for using synthetic daidzin (7-O-glucosyl-4′-hydroxyisoflavone) and genistin (7-O-glucosyl-4′5-dihydroxyisoflavone) as internal standards. Of the 114 foods assayed, at a limit of quantification of 0·1 μg/kg dry weight, forty-eight contained no detectable daidzein or genistein, forty-one contained less than 100 μg/kg of the two isoflavones combined and the remaining twenty-five contained more than this amount. Soyabean products contained between 470 and 1420 mg (average of 960 mg) daidzein and genistein combined per kg wet weight of food, and legumes contained between 20 and 5750 μg/kg wet weight of food, with an average of 620 μg/kg. Cooking by boiling in water caused a decrease in the daidzein and genistein content of food in twenty-four of twenty-eight foods. The extent of the decrease was variable and warrants further investigation. The present paper comprises the first comprehensive description of the content of daidzein and genistein in vegetables.
An improved bandpass filter using CMRC for ultra-wideband application

An improved ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip filter with good out-of-band performance is designed and demonstrated. The filter is designed with two multiple-mode resonators (MMR), which are coupled together via a parallel-coupled line. A novel rectangular slit compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) is applied to improve the filter performance, which is formed by etching in the central section of the MMR. Combining the CMRC lowpass filter and slow wave characteristic, the improved filter has better out-of-band attenuation characteristic and sharpened rejection skirts outside the UWB passband, and its size is reduced. Good agreement between experimental and simulated results is achieved.
Rapid evaluation and evolution of neural models using graphics card hardware

This paper compares three common evolutionary algorithms and our modified GA, a Distributed Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (DAGA). The optimal approach is sought to adapt, in near real-time, biological model behaviour to that of real biology within a laboratory. Near real-time adaptation is achieved with a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This, together with evolutionary computation, enables new forms of experimentation such as online testing, where biology and computational model are simultaneously stimulated and their responses compared. Rapid analysis and validation provide a platform that is required for rapid prototyping, and along with online testing, can provide new insight into the cause of biological behaviour. In this context, results demonstrate that our DAGA implementation is more efficient than the other three evolutionary algorithms due to its suitability to the adaptation environment, namely the large population sizes promoted by the GPU architecture.
Carnitine and/or Acetylcarnitine Deficiency as a Cause of Higher Levels of Ammonia

Blood carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine deficiencies are postulated in the literature as possible causes of higher ammonia levels. The aim of this study was to investigate if the use of valproic acid, the age of the patients, or certain central nervous system pathologies can cause carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine deficiency leading to increased ammonia levels. Three groups of patients were studied: (A) epileptic under phenytoin monotherapy (n = 31); (B) with bipolar disorder under valproic acid treatment (n = 28); (C) elderly (n = 41). Plasma valproic acid and blood carnitine and acyl carnitine profiles were determined using a validated HPLC and LC-MS/MS method, respectively. Blood ammonia concentration was determined using an enzymatic automated assay. Higher ammonia levels were encountered in patients under valproic acid treatment and in the elderly. This may be due to the lower carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine found in these patients. Patients with controlled seizures had normal carnitine and acetylcarnitine levels. Further studies are necessary in order to conclude if the uncontrolled bipolar disorder could be the cause of higher carnitine and/or acetylcarnitine levels.
Who’s responsible for food waste? Consumers, retailers and the food waste discourse coalition in the United Kingdom

Drawing on empirical research, including interviews with 38 key informants, this article examines how the challenge of food waste reduction has come to be framed, interpreted and responded to in the United Kingdom, focusing on household food waste and the interface between supermarkets and households. We identify a ‘discourse coalition’ arising from collective actors central to the issue that has achieved discursive hegemony over the framing of food waste as a problem. We analyse this discourse coalition – its core storylines, actors and practices – and the conditions that have enabled its emergence. Critical accounts of sustainable consumption commonly note the ‘responsibilisation of the consumer’: or the reduction of systemic issues to the individualised, behavioural choices of the ‘sovereign consumer’. We find, by contrast, that the ‘responsibilised consumer’ is by no means the discourse coalition’s dominant framing of the problem of household food waste. Instead, its dominant framing is that of distributed responsibility: responsibility distributed throughout the production–consumption system. The article also contributes towards understanding why retailers have embraced household food waste reduction as an object of intervention without framing the issue as one of, primarily, consumer responsibility.