Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coming Closer? Tax Morale, Deterrence and Social Learning after German Unification

The paper explores whether a social learning model helps explain the observed conformity and compliance with social norms after the unification of Germany. We compare tax morale, (the willingness to pay taxes), between inhabitants of East and West Germany during the post-unification period, using three World Values Survey/European Values Survey waves between 1990 and 1999. German unification is of particular interest in analyzing tax morale since it is close to a quasi-natural experiment. Factors such as a common language, similar education systems and a shared cultural and political history prior to the separation after the Second World War can be controlled because they are similar. Our findings indicate that the social learning model employed in this study helps to predict the development of tax morale over time. It is clear that tax morale values converged within a mere nine years after unification, due largely to a strong change in the level of tax morale in the East. Thus, the paper contributes to the literature that attempts to explain how norms arise, how they are maintained and how they are changed.
Detecting Family Resemblance: Automated Genre Classification

This paper presents results in automated genre classification of digital documents in PDF format. It describes genre classification as an important ingredient in contextualising scientific data and in retrieving targetted material for improving research. The current paper compares the role of visual layout, stylistic features, and language model features in clustering documents and presents results in retrieving five selected genres (Scientific Article, Thesis, Periodicals, Business Report, and Form) from a pool of materials populated with documents of the nineteen most popular genres found in our experimental data set.
Group-Based Cognitive–Behavioral Therapies with Sexual Minority Clients

Sexual minorities face unique threats to psychological well-being that are primarily social in nature. These minority stressors include negative social exchanges at both the structural and interpersonal levels. Minority stress results in psychiatric distress; however, sexual minorities display increased self-esteem and decreased anxiety and depression when in proximity to other sexual minorities. This suggests group-based psychotherapy may be a uniquely effective treatment for the mental health of sexual minority clients. Group-based cognitive–behavioral therapies (CBTs), inclusive of traditional and third-wave modalities, enjoy a robust evidence base. This chapter reviews the evidence for group-based CBTs with sexual minorities, and it offers recommendations for the adaptation of group-based CBTs for work with sexual minorities. An illustrative example of a CBT group that was delivered to sexual minority adolescents is provided.
Sentiment analysis for reviews and microtexts based on lexico-syntactic knowledge

We describe two methods to perform sentiment analysis both on long and short texts written in Spanish language. We first present an unsupervised method based on dependency parsing which calculates the semantic orientation (SO) of the sentences in order to classify the polarity. We then propose a hybrid approach which uses the computed SO and lexico-syntactic knowledge as features for a supervised classifier. Experimental results show the utility of employing syntactic information to classify the polarity in both types of texts and the importance of defining mechanisms to adapt the system for a specific domain and social medium.
Dopaminergic Neurones in the Main Olfactory Bulb: An Overview from an Electrophysiological Perspective

The olfactory bulb (OB), the first center processing olfactory information, is characterized by a vigorous life-long activity-dependent plasticity responsible for a variety of odor-evoked behavioral responses. It hosts the more numerous group of dopaminergic (DA) neurones in the central nervous system, cells strategically positioned at the entry of the bulbar circuitry, directly in contact with the olfactory nerve terminals, which play a key role in odor processing and in the adaptation of the bulbar network to external conditions. Here, we focus mainly on the electrophysiological properties of DA interneurones, reviewing findings concerning their excitability profiles in adulthood and in different phases of adult neurogenesis. We also discuss dynamic changes of the DA interneurones related to environmental stimuli and their possible functional implications.
Employment Protection Legislation , Multinational Enterprises and Innovation

The theoretical effects of labour regulations such as employment protection legislation (EPL) on innovation is ambiguous, and empirical evidence is thus far inconclusive. EPL increases job security and the greater enforceability of job contracts may increase worker investment in innovative activity. On the other hand EPL increases adjustment costs faced by firms, and this may lead to under-investment in activities that are uncertain including innovation and other technologically advanced activities. In this paper we find empirical evidence that multinational enterprises locate more innovative activity in countries with high EPL, however they locate technologically advanced innovation in subsidiaries located in countries with low EPL.
Precarious pursuits, broken ‘dreams’ and immobility among Northern Irish soccer migrants

Abstract For many young talented Northern Irish (NI) football players, fulfilling the dream of becoming a professional lies in their ability to migrate to England or Scotland. However, for those who make this move, their migratory journey is often short-lived and the reality for most is involuntary immobility. This article is based on the experiences of a small sample of NI players (no. 8) who migrated ‘across the water’ to pursue a professional football career, only for their aspirations to be cut short either at the end of their youth training or in the early stages of their career. Semi-structured interviews with these players provides novel insights into their post-migration experiences, specifically around the nature of their release, readjustment to life back at ‘home’ and the ways in which the lack of career planning and limited educational qualifications and the psycho-social costs of their experiences exposed them to potentially precarious futures.
Expression of noradrenergic and cholinergic traits by sympathetic neurons cultured without serum

The ability to vary systematically the neuronal environment is one advantage afforded by the use of cell culture. Replacement of serum, a variable and undefined medium supplement, with known ingredients allows even greater control of culture conditions. We have studied biochemical and morphological properties related to neurotransmitter metabolism of rat sympathetic neurons cultured in a modified defined medium. Neuronal survival, ultrastructure, and expression of noradrenergic properties appear similar in serum-free and serum-supplemented cultures: small granular vesicles characteristic of norepinephrine storage were observed in both types of culture, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity, conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, catecholamine production, and storage capacity are equivalent in serum-free and serum-containing cultures. Several of these properties were not exhibited at high levels in previous formulations of this defined medium. Acetylcholine production, however, was about 10-fold lower in serum-free compared to serum-supplemented cultures, consistent with the findings of lacovitti et al. (lacovitti, L., M. I. Johnson, T. H. Joh, and R. P. Bunge (1982) Neuroscience 7:2225–2239). Acetylcholine production can be induced under serum-free conditions by a previously characterized cholinergic inducing factor from heart cell conditioned medium. This responsiveness to serum-free heart cell conditioned medium indicates that serum-free cultures retain plasticity with respect to transmitter status, despite expression of noradrenergic characteristics, unlike cultured neurons of which the noradrenergic transmitter status is maintained by chronic depolarization. Thus, sympathetic neurons survive, express numerous differentiated properties, and display a novel transmitter status under serum-free conditions.
Sustainable Exploitation of Fish Stocks by Long-Term Profit Maximization with Special Regards to Cod in the Baltic Sea

An important aim of fishery management is the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fish stocks whereas maximization of profit is the aim of fishermen. At first view this seems to be contradictory. The main management tools for stock exploitation are fishing effort (summarizing all effort limitations) and the so called technical measures (mesh size). The presented new model, using these control variables, is intended to replace the Gordon Schaefer model and based on the Beverton and Holt yield-per-recruit model. The Beverton and Holt model, however, do not take into account the feedback of stock-size changes on recruitment and therefore also on yield. Overcoming this disadvantage is one finding in this paper. For the computation of optimal exploitation pattern the Shepherd approach for construction of sustainable yield curves was extended by incorporating the control of mesh size along with the current exclusive control of fishing effort. This extension turns all fishing mortality reference points into reference functions of the age at first capture. The sole economic important demersal stock in the western Baltic Sea is the cod stock of that area. This paper describes an equilibrium model for the computation of long-term harvesting strategies for that stock including the control of mesh size into the well-established exploitation models. It was shown that the stock is more reliably protected against collapsing by economic considerations rather than by measures chosen according to the precautionary approach. If the Baltic cod stock is exploited according to the suggested approach with an optimized, much larger mesh size in the steady-state, a larger profit is ensured simultaneously with improved stock conservation. This model can also be applied for the maximization of the overall profit within mixed-species management by overlaying the single-species results. Here, however, it is only possible to find an overall optimum which generally differs from the single species optimum. An economic reasonable limit of exploitation is given by the FMSY-curve – the fishing mortality resulting for a given age at first capture in the maximum yield for this age while the Fpa-curve according to precautionary approach has to be considered as the final line of defense against stock collapse. The precautionary approach only calls for changes in effort limitations or technical measures if a violation of its principles has occurred in a multi-species fishery due to ecological reasons. Apart from stock protection the main objective of this paper is to find at the same time appropriate values for the management control variables defining an equilibrium maximizing the profit (maximum economic yield – MEY) of the fishery.
Improving routing in «Delay Tolerant Networks» (DTN)

Delay tolerant networks are mobile wireless networks where most of the time there is no end-to-end communication path from the source to the destination. This situation occurs if the network is sparse and partitioned into several areas due to high mobility, low density nodes or when the network extends over long distances. Traditional mobile ad hoc routing protocols are inefficient for these networks since they require the existence of connected end-to-end paths to be able to route any data. To overcome this issue, we propose to improve the two routing protocols: Prophet and the model of "transfer by delegation" (custody transfer). This improvement is to merge these two protocols and combine their advantages. To implement this approach we developed a DTN simulator. Simulation examples are illustrated in the article.
Feature Engineering for Knowledge Base Construction

Knowledge base construction (KBC) is the process of populating a knowledge base, i.e., a relational database together with inference rules, with information extracted from documents and structured sources. KBC blurs the distinction between two traditional database problems, information extraction and information integration. For the last several years, our group has been building knowledge bases with scientific collaborators. Using our approach, we have built knowledge bases that have comparable and sometimes better quality than those constructed by human volunteers. In contrast to these knowledge bases, which took experts a decade or more human years to construct, many of our projects are constructed by a single graduate student. Our approach to KBC is based on joint probabilistic inference and learning, but we do not see inference as either a panacea or a magic bullet: inference is a tool that allows us to be systematic in how we construct, debug, and improve the quality of such systems. In addition, inference allows us to construct these systems in a more loosely coupled way than traditional approaches. To support this idea, we have built the DeepDive system, which has the design goal of letting the user "think about features---not algorithms. " We think of DeepDive as declarative in that one specifies what they want but not how to get it. We describe our approach with a focus on feature engineering, which we argue is an understudied problem relative to its importance to end-to-end quality.
Is textese a threat to traditional literacy? Dutch youths’ language use in written computer-mediated communication and relations with their school writing

The impact of CMC on youths’ literacy goes beyond their traditional literacy skills: the entire concept of literacy has evolved because of new media. This chapter problematizes the seemingly straightforward notion of literacy, by focusing on how it has been reconceptualised in previous research, in light of the digital age which has emerged in recent decades. It discusses how the old literacies of reading and writing print-based texts have traditionally been defined and why many scholars felt that there was a need for a broader conceptualisation of literacy. The numerous ‘new literacies’ that have been coined as a response are examined, as well as definitions for these that have been proposed in the literature. Finally, we consider whether old and new, digital literacies can co-exist.
The cost of caring : what contributes to compassion fatigue?

A growing body of literature has attempted to understand the personal costs associated with professionally caring for others. This thesis aimed to balance both qualitative and quantitative methods to better understand compassion fatigue within mental health and drug and alcohol professions. A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted in order to understand the lived experience of compassion fatigue, vicarious/secondary trauma, and burnout. Reviewing eleven papers demonstrated that feeling undervalued and lacking resources contributed to experiencing compassion fatigue, secondary trauma, and/or burnout; finding meaning, personal and professional growth, feeling supported, and proactively participating in self-care maintained compassion. The second aim of this thesis was to better understand compassion fatigue in professionals working in substance misuse services. An e-survey using established quantitative measures investigated the influence of individuals’ emotional skills on their responses to workplace and service user specific stressors, and compassion satisfaction and fatigue. A high prevalence of compassion fatigue was found in substance misuse services (57%), yet many more participants also experienced compassion satisfaction (81%). Compassion fatigue was predicted by professionals’ perception of the strain which working with substance use had on them, and this relationship was moderated by emotional suppression and emotion contagion (ΔR2 = .052, F(1, 80)= 5.62, p.005). The effects of workplace strain on compassion satisfaction was mediated by the meaning that professionals ascribe to their roles (b = 1.20, 95% BCa CI 2.01, -55). This thesis highlighted that professionals’ experiences of distress are linked to the context in which they work, and with their relationships with service users, their peers, and the wider organisational culture. Whilst awareness and support at an individual level are necessary to maintain compassion, it is important that compassion is also addressed at an organisational and cultural level.
A Review of Uncertainties in Global Temperature Projections over the Twenty-First Century

Quantification of the uncertainties in future climate projections is crucial for the implementation of climate policies. Here a review of projections of global temperature change over the twenty-first century is provided for the six illustrative emission scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) that assume no policy intervention, based on the latest generation of coupled general circulation models, climate models of intermediate complexity, and simple models, and uncertainty ranges and probabilistic projections from various published methods and models are assessed. Despite substantial improvements in climate models, projections for given scenarios on average have not changed much in recent years. Recent progress has, however, increased the confidence in uncertainty estimates and now allows a better separation of the uncertainties introduced by scenarios, physical feedbacks, carbon cycle, and structural uncertainty. Projection uncertainties are now constrained by observations and therefore consistent with past observed trends and patterns. Future trends in global temperature resulting from anthropogenic forcing over the next few decades are found to be comparably well constrained. Uncertainties for projections on the century time scale, when accounting for structural and feedback uncertainties, are larger than captured in single models or methods. This is due to differences in the models, the sources of uncertainty taken into account, the type of observational constraints used, and the statistical assumptions made. It is shown that as an approximation, the relative uncertainty range for projected warming in 2100 is the same for all scenarios. Inclusion of uncertainties in carbon cycle–climate feedbacks extends the upper bound of the uncertainty range by more than the lower bound.
Enhanced Software Development for Reuse Process Model in Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE)

In Software Engineering, Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is becoming an important emerging topic and it the centre of many new research projects. Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is concerned with the assembly of preexisting software components (reusable components) that leads to a software system that responds to client-specific requirements. In this research paper, We have developed the enhanced software development for reuse process model and gave the future prospect of Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE), and reusability component which will reduce the time ,effort and cost of the software development.
Mining Product Adopter Information from Online Reviews for Improving Product Recommendation

We present in this article an automated framework that extracts product adopter information from online reviews and incorporates the extracted information into feature-based matrix factorization for more effective product recommendation. In specific, we propose a bootstrapping approach for the extraction of product adopters from review text and categorize them into a number of different demographic categories. The aggregated demographic information of many product adopters can be used to characterize both products and users in the form of distributions over different demographic categories. We further propose a graph-based method to iteratively update user- and product-related distributions more reliably in a heterogeneous user--product graph and incorporate them as features into the matrix factorization approach for product recommendation. Our experimental results on a large dataset crawled from JingDong, the largest B2C e-commerce website in China, show that our proposed framework outperforms a number of competitive baselines for product recommendation.
Inner Defects Visualization Based on Ultrasonic Scanning

Visualizing inner flaws and estimating their parameters (size, volume, orientation, type and so on) as a result of nondestructive ultrasonic testing is a problem of current importance in a field of modern flaw detection. Ultrasonic devices detect defect areas echoes and thus define volumetric defects as a set of points. This paper introduces a technique, based on Radial Basis Functions for building 3D defect model based on separate echo points. This model allows visualizing defect region, estimating its parameters and recognizing the type of flaw.
Role of inductive electric fields and currents in dynamical ionospheric situations

We study the role of ionospheric induction in different commonly observed ionospheric situations. These include an intensifying electrojet, westward travelling surge (WTS) and Ω-band. We use data based, realistic models for these phenomena and calculate the inductive electric fields that are created due to the temporal variations of ionospheric currents. The ionospheric induction problem is solved using a new calculation technique that can handle non-uniform, time-dependent conductances and electric fields of any geometry. We find that in some situations inductive effects are not negligible and the ionospheric electric field is not a pure potential field, but has a significant induced rotational part. In the WTS and Ω-band models the induced electric field is concentrated in a small area, where the time derivatives are largest. In the electrojet model the induced field is significant over a large part of the jet area. In these examples the induced electric field has typical values of few mV/m, which amounts to several tens of percents of the potential electric field present at the same locations. The induced electric field is associated with ionospheric and field aligned currents (FAC), that modify the overall structure of the current systems. Especially the induced FAC are often comparable to the non-inductive FAC, and may thus modify the coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere in the most dynamical situations. We also present some examples with very simple ionospheric current systems, where the effect of different ionospheric parameters on the induction process is studied.
Object Pose Estimation Using Patch-Duplet/SIFT Hybrids

Recent years have seen a lot of work on local descriptors. In all published comparisons or evaluations, the now quite well-known SIFT-descriptor has been one of the top performers. For the application of object pose estimation, one comparison showed a local descriptor, called the Patch-Duplet, of equal or better performance than SIFT. This paper examines different properties of those two descriptors by forming hybrids between them and extending the object pose tests of the original Patch-Duplet paper. All tests use real images.