Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and development of particle based heat transport models for use in nanoscale structures

Thermal management is one of the main issues which must be overcome in order to maintain the continued reduction of feature sizes in silicon microelectronics. The new materials and device architectures which are used to achieve better performance have had a detrimental effect on thermal management due to higher thermal resistances and additional thermal interfaces. Current thermal models, based on diffusive continuum flow, are inaccurate at nanoscale dimensions and a model which considers the microscopic nature of heat generation and heat tansport must be used. On the microscale, heat transport can be described by the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons. The complexity and quantity of the phonon anharmonic interactions make a direct numerical solution difficult without numerous approximations. The Monte Carlo technique has been established as an accurate approach to the modelling of charge transport in semiconductors and the application of this method to phonon transport is a logical choice. There has been little reported work on Monte Carlo simulations of phonon transport. This thesis examines previous work on non-momentum conservation Monte Carlo simulations, exposing the shortcomings of this approach and attempting to rectify them with algorithmic changes as well as the use of relaxation times calculated using second and third order elastic constants. These changes result in an improvement of the equilibrium simulation as well as producing more realistic thermal gradients for both large and small temperature differences at steady state. The improved techniques are applied to nanowire geometries and found to provide the correct trends. The work is extended further to produce a momentum conservation Monte Carlo simulation and used to simulate the anharmonic three-phonon processes (both absorption and emission type) for acoustic phonon modes in silicon. Phonon-phonon absorption events are performed by selecting a partner phonon from within the same real space cell that satisfies momentum and energy conservation. In previous derivations of analytical approximations for phonon lifetimes and thermal conductivities, it has been difficult to determine the relative contribution of Normal and Umklapp processes in phonon-phonon interactions; this information can be extracted directly from the Monte Carlo simulation. Some success is achieved with this method at low temperatures and it is shown that with higher computational power, this simulation could provide a very accurate model for heat transport.
In Situ Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Diffraction of Tobermorite Formation Process Under Autoclave Condition

Hydrothermal formation reaction of tobermorite has been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) using high-energy X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source in combination with a newly developed autoclave cell and a photon-counting pixel array detector. XRD measurements were conducted in a temperature range of 100°–190°C throughout 7.5 h of reaction time with a time interval of 4.25 min under a saturated steam pressure. Two samples using different types of cements were compared: high early strength Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement. In both cases, noncrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), hydroxylellestadite (HE), and katoite were clearly observed as intermediate materials. A possible mechanism that the consumption of noncrystalline C–S–H and HE as precursors of tobermorite occurs sequentially rather than simultaneously has been suggested. Four tobermorite peaks corresponding to different reflections started to be detected at the same timing, suggesting tobermorite is formed without any preference for a particular crystal axis at the beginning. A decrease in the Bragg spacing of the basal reflection during the reaction was observed, implying the increase of periodicity along the c-axis.
When “He” Can Also Be “She”: An ERP Study of Reflexive Pronoun Resolution in Written Mandarin Chinese

The gender information in written Chinese third person pronouns is not symmetrically encoded: the character for “he” (, with semantic radical , meaning human) is used as a default referring to every individual, while the character for “she” (, with semantic radical , meaning woman) indicates females only. This critical feature could result in different patterns of processing of gender information in text, but this is an issue that has seldom been addressed in psycholinguistics. In Chinese, the written forms of the reflexive pronouns are composed of a pronoun plus the reflexive “/self” (/himself and /herself). The present study focuses on how such gender specificity interacts with the gender type of an antecedent, whether definitional (proper name) or stereotypical (stereotypical role noun) during reflexive pronoun resolution. In this event-related potential (ERP) study, gender congruity between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent was studied by manipulating the gender type of antecedents and the gender specificity of reflexive pronouns (default: /himself vs. specific: /herself). Results included a P200 “attention related” congruity effect for /himself and a P600 “integration difficulty” congruity effect for /herself. Reflexive pronoun specificity independently affected the P200 and N400 components. These results highlight the role of /himself as a default applicable to both genders and indicate that only the processing of /herself supports a two-stage model for anaphor resolution. While both reflexive pronouns are evaluated at the bonding stage, the processing of the gender-specific reflexive pronoun is completed in the resolution stage.
GSM-based mobile positioning using WAP

This paper proposes a system architecture for GSM/DCS based mobile positioning using WAP. The technology to perform mobile positioning (MP) under WAP can be exploited to develop a variety of value-added services through a WAP mobile phone or mobile station (MS). A cell-shape based MP methodology using WAP is also proposed, which can applied to the existing GSM/DCS networks without doing any modification to the GSM/DCS standard. Based on our simulation, the proposed MP method can locate the MS within about 300 m. With more cells information, more accuracy can be achieved. To equip the MS with the MP functionality, only a software upgrade is required, by introducing new WAP APIs to the MS to tap necessary signals from the existing GSM layer protocols.
Analysis and Prediction of Residual Stresses in Nitrided Tool Steel

Plasma nitriding is a thermo-chemical process of high importance for engineering components, which through generation of near-surface compressive residual stresses significantly improves wear and fatigue resistance. A precise knowledge of the level and distribution of residual stresses that exist in surface engineered components is necessary for accurate prediction of a component’s fatigue resistance. However, measurement of residual stress is not always possible, especially in the case of industrial tools and dies. Therefore, other methods for residual stress evaluation and prediction are required by industry. Results of this investigation show that residual stress level and depth in plasma nitrided tool steel increase by nitriding time and temperature. On the other hand, experimental data show that residual steel distribution in plasma nitrided tool steels can be determined on the basis of microhardness depth distribution.
Seroprevalence of Asian Lineage Chikungunya Virus Infection on Saint Martin Island, 7 Months after the 2013 Emergence

At the end of 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in Saint Martin Island, Caribbean. The Asian lineage was identified. Seven months after this introduction, the seroprevalence was 16.9% in the population of Saint Martin and 39.0% of infections remained asymptomatic. This moderate attack rate and the apparent limited size of the outbreak in Saint Martin could be explained by control measures involved to lower the exposure of the inhabitants. Other drivers such as climatic factors and population genetic factors should be explored. The substantial rate of asymptomatic infections recorded points to a potential source of infection that can both spread in new geographic areas and maintain an inconspicuous endemic circulation in the Americas.
Generalized Assorted Camera Arrays: Robust Cross-Channel Registration and Applications

One popular technique for multimodal imaging is generalized assorted pixels (GAP), where an assorted pixel array on the image sensor allows for multimodal capture. Unfortunately, GAP is limited in its applicability because of the need for multimodal filters that are amenable with semiconductor fabrication processes and results in a fixed multimodal imaging configuration. In this paper, we advocate for generalized assorted camera (GAC) arrays for multimodal imaging-i.e., a camera array with filters of different characteristics placed in front of each camera aperture. The GAC provides us with three distinct advantages over GAP: ease of implementation, flexible application-dependent imaging since filters are external and can be changed and depth information that can be used for enabling novel applications (e.g., postcapture refocusing). The primary challenge in GAC arrays is that since the different modalities are obtained from different viewpoints, there is a need for accurate and efficient cross-channel registration. Traditional approaches such as sum-of-squared differences, sum-of-absolute differences, and mutual information all result in multimodal registration errors. Here, we propose a robust cross-channel matching cost function, based on aligning normalized gradients, which allows us to compute cross-channel subpixel correspondences for scenes exhibiting nontrivial geometry. We highlight the promise of GAC arrays with our cross-channel normalized gradient cost for several applications such as low-light imaging, postcapture refocusing, skin perfusion imaging using color + near infrared, and hyperspectral imaging.
Experimental measurements of friction forces on the tissue in prababilistic view

This paper is devoted to stochastic determination of values of friction forces generated during hydro-dynamical flow of viscid-elastic nutrition liquid in thin boundary layer present on surface of human joint cartilage sample during its growing in a bio-reactor. Taking into account the need for tissue cultivation, this paper presents the detail results of measurements of friction forces occurring on the cartilage sample during the tissue cultivation. Results of irregularities of human joint cooperating surfaces are applied to the friction simulation during the cartilage cultivation in bioreactor. This paper has been prepared based on the objective of European Project MTKD-CT-2004-517226 to represent the methodology and goal of the idea described in and make possible wider discussion on this subject for further developments during the realization. Stages of joint cartilage development and growth in bio-reactor of random character, analysis of joint cartilage surface nanoroughness, the used cartilage of thigh bone head of human hip joint, distributions of probability density function of the random changes in height of nutrition liquid boundary layer on surface of the tissue growing in bio-reactor, control of friction forces and geometrical parameters of natural cartilage surface are presented in the paper.
Signal-Driven Window-Length Adaptation for Sinusoid Detection in Polyphonic Music

Audio processing applications that use short-time signal analysis techniques typically utilize fixed window duration single- or multi-resolution analyses. However, different real-world signal conditions such as polyphony and non-stationarity, manifested as musical accompaniment and pitch-modulations, respectively, in the context of music content analysis, require varying data window lengths for reliable processing. In this paper, we investigate the use of signal sparsity for adapting analysis window lengths. Adaptive-window analysis driven by different measures of sparsity applied to the local spectrum, such as kurtosis and Gini index, is evaluated and shown to be superior to fixed-window analysis in terms of sinusoid detection and frequency estimation for simulated and real signals. A window main-lobe matching method for sinusoid detection is also shown to be more robust to signal conditions such as polyphony and frequency modulation relative to other methods.
Disability among elderly survivors of mechanical ventilation.

RATIONALE Studies of long-term functional outcomes of elderly survivors of mechanical ventilation (MV) are limited to local samples and biased retrospective, proxy-reported preadmission functional status. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact on disability of hospitalization with MV, compared with hospitalization without MV, accounting for prospectively assessed prior functional status. METHODS Retrospective population-based longitudinal cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older enrolled in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 1996-2003. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Premeasures and postmeasures of disability included mobility difficulty and weighted activities of daily living disability scores ranging from 0 (not disabled) to 100 (completely disabled) based on self-reported health and functional status collected 1 year apart. Among 54,771 person-years (PY) of observation over 7 calendar years of data, 42,890 PY involved no hospitalization, 11,347 PY involved a hospitalization without MV, and 534 PY included a hospitalization with MV. Mortality at 1 year was 8.9%, 23.9%, and 72.5%, respectively. The level of disability at the postassessment was substantially higher for a prototypical patient who survived after hospitalization with MV (adjusted activities of daily living disability score [95% confidence interval] 14.9 [12.2-17.7]; adjusted mobility difficulty score [95% confidence interval] 25.4 [22.4-28.4]) compared with an otherwise identical patient who survived hospitalization without MV (11.5 [11.1-11.9] and 22.3 [21.8-22.9]) or who was not hospitalized (8.0 [7.9-8.1] and 13.4 [13.3-13.6]). CONCLUSIONS The greater marginal increase in disability among survivors of MV compared with survivors of hospitalization without MV is larger than would be predicted from prior functional status.
Dependable Systems through Region-Adherent Distributed Algorithms

We present a new class of non-masking faulttolerant systems. A system of this class may be implemented based on a distributed algorithm that employs redundancy to bound the observable, incorrect behavior of the system in space. With bounding in space, it is meant that the decrease of quality of the service which the system provides to its environment is upperbounded per fault. We call such an algorithm (resp. the system implementing it) region-adherent. Region-adherence turns out to be an orthogonal concept to self-stabilization – the only known concept for implementing non-masking fault-tolerant systems so far. We illustrate the concept of region-adherence by an example.
Sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts

This paper is intended to study the influence of different factors on the sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts. Activated carbon fiber felts made from viscose fiber mats were prepared and later combined with perforated panels to form four different composite sound absorption structures. Based on the transfer function method, the impedance tube was used to test the sound absorption coefficients of composite structure in an acoustic range of 80–6300 Hz frequencies. Analysis was made to discuss the influence of such factors on the sound absorption properties as the position of activated carbon fiber felts, thickness, and air space. The results demonstrated that the composite structure displayed different sound absorption properties at different frequencies. Perforated panels played the dominant role in sound absorption by the occurrence of resonance at 80–3500 Hz frequencies, while porous materials contributed the most at 3500–6300 Hz frequencies. At 80–3500 Hz frequencies, the best performance could be observed in the third type of composite structure with changes in the position of activated carbon fiber; the first resonance frequency of the first type of composite structure and perforated panel structure was basically the same, and that of the remaining three types significantly shifted towards the low frequencies with the same scale. In smaller thickness range, with the increase in the thickness of activated carbon fiber felts, sound absorption coefficients of the first and second types of composite structure increased, the first resonance frequency of the first type showing no apparent shift towards the low frequencies compared with what was shown in the second type; but when the thickness arrived at 15.6 mm, sound absorption properties of the composite structure had similar traits to that performed by porous materials in an acoustic range of 80–6300 Hz frequencies. With the increase in the distance of air space, sound absorption properties were improving at 80–650 Hz frequencies but decreasing at 650–3500 Hz frequencies, the first resonance frequency moving towards the low frequencies. At 3500–6300 Hz frequencies, as the position of activated carbon fiber felts and the distance of air space varied, sound absorption coefficients were basically unchanged; while as thickness increased, sound absorption coefficients improved.
3D Rotation-Invariant Description from Tensor Operation on Spherical HOG Field

Rotation-invariant descriptions are required in many 3D volumetric image analysis tasks. The histogram-of-oriented-gradient (HOG) is widely used in 2D images and proves to be a very robust local description. This paper concentrates on how to use the HOG feature in 3D volumetric images when rotation-invariance is concerned. This is challenging because of the complexity of 3D rotations. We present a decent solution based on the spherical harmonics theory which is an effective tool for analysing 3D rotations, together with the spherical tensor operations which explore high order tensor information in spherical coordinates. The design is quite general and could be used for different applications. It achieves high scores on Princeton Shape Benchmark and SHREC 2009 Generic Shape Benchmark, and also produces promising results when applying on biological microscopy images.
An Empirical Study on Small Enterprises E-Commerce Adoption Decision Based on TAM Model & TOE Framework

Electronic commerce is one of the important means for small enterprises to innovate business model. In order to more deeply understanding the phenomenon, this paper systematically reviews related research about key factors affecting small enterprises E-commerce adoption decision, establishes theoretical model of small enterprises E-mmerce adoption decision based on TAM model & TOE framework, and proposes the corresponding research hypothesis. The identification of the key factors influencing small enterprise E-commerce adoption not only supplies practice guidance for enterprise innovation, but also helps to improve innovation success rate for enterprise technology and management .
Experimental Investigation of Methane/Air Penetration Combustion and Flame Stability Characteristics on Porous Wall Surface

Aimed to optimize the design of micro combustor whose chamber based on porous medium wall surface, combustion and flame stability characteristics on porous wall surface with methane/air flat flame were investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that stable flat flame can be formed on the porous medium surface within given ranges of fuel equivalence ratio and flow rate. When mixture flow rate increasing, the thickness of flame decreases firstly and then increases, and standoff distance of flames decreases quickly and then is unchanged. At higher mean velocity of mixture, the flame moves closer to the porous plate surface, and the minimum distance needing for keeping stable flames decreases. The heat exchange between the porous plate and the mixture can not only preheat mixture but also cool the porous plate.
HIV‐1 DNA burden dynamics in CD4 T cells and monocytes in patients undergoing a transient therapy interruption

Replication‐competent HIV, as well as HIV‐1 DNA, has been detected in CD4 T cells and in monocytes during antiretroviral therapy (ART), indicating that these cells could represent an important viral reservoir. We measured HIV‐1 DNA in monocytes and CD4 T cells in patients undergoing transient therapy interruption (TTI), to establish the dynamic of HIV‐1 DNA burden and to find possible correlations with immune restoration and re‐establishment of virological control after ART resumption. In most patients CD4 depletion and viral load rebound followed TTI. Rapid resumption of virological and immunological control was achieved after ART reintroduction. After TTI, in most cases a transient increase of both monocyte and CD4 HIV‐1 DNA burden was observed. After ART reintroduction, both CD4 T cell and monocyte HIV‐1 DNA copy number decreased, reaching baseline levels at the end of observation. At this time monocyte HIV‐1 DNA burden was always undetectable, while CD4 T cell HIV‐1 DNA burden was lower than at baseline. As CD4 T cell HIV‐1 DNA values are independently associated with CD4 depletion, the increase of HIV‐1 DNA burden in these cells after TTI is presumably due to acute infection, causing cell death. This is also supported by the pattern of 2‐LTR appearance in these cells after TTI. HIV‐1 DNA burden in monocytes and CD4 T cells show high correlation, suggesting reciprocal re‐feeding of two cell populations. Repopulation by HIV these cells after TTI is temporary, and no significant changes of HIV‐1 DNA burden were observed after ART resumption respect to pre‐TTI period. J. Med. Virol. 74:373–381, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation-based retrieval for heavily changed near-duplicate videos

The unprecedented and ever-growing number of Web videos nowadays leads to the massive existence of near-duplicate videos. Very often, some near-duplicate videos exhibit great content changes, while the user perceives little information change, for example, color features change significantly when transforming a color video with a blue filter. These feature changes contribute to low-level video similarity computations, making conventional similarity-based near-duplicate video retrieval techniques incapable of accurately capturing the implicit relationship between two near-duplicate videos with fairly large content modifications. In this paper, we introduce a new dimension for near-duplicate video retrieval. Different from existing near-duplicate video retrieval approaches which are based on video-content similarity, we explore the correlation between two videos. The intuition is that near-duplicate videos should preserve strong information correlation in spite of intensive content changes. More effective retrieval with stronger tolerance is achieved by replacing video-content similarity measures with information correlation analysis. Theoretical justification and experimental results prove the effectiveness of correlation-based near-duplicate retrieval.
A Genome-Wide Gene Function Prediction Resource for Drosophila melanogaster

Predicting gene functions by integrating large-scale biological data remains a challenge for systems biology. Here we present a resource for Drosophila melanogaster gene function predictions. We trained function-specific classifiers to optimize the influence of different biological datasets for each functional category. Our model predicted GO terms and KEGG pathway memberships for Drosophila melanogaster genes with high accuracy, as affirmed by cross-validation, supporting literature evidence, and large-scale RNAi screens. The resulting resource of prioritized associations between Drosophila genes and their potential functions offers a guide for experimental investigations.