Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways as a Strategy for Managing Prostate Cancer: Multifocal Signal Modulation Therapy

The aberrant behavior of cancer reflects upregulation of certain oncogenic signaling pathways that promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and enable the cancer to spread and evoke angiogenesis. Theoretically, it should be feasible to decrease the activity of these pathways—or increase the activity of pathways that oppose them—with noncytotoxic agents. Since multiple pathways are dysfunctional in most cancers, and cancers accumulate new oncogenic mutations as they progress, the greatest and most durable therapeutic benefit will likely be achieved with combination regimens that address several targets. Thus, a multifocal signal modulation therapy (MSMT) of cancer is proposed. This concept has already been documented by researchers who have shown that certain combinations of signal modulators—of limited utility when administered individually—can achieve dramatic suppression of tumor growth in rodent xenograft models. The present essay attempts to guide development of MSMTs for prostate cancer. Androgen ablation is a signal-modulating measure already in standard use in the management of delocalized prostate cancer. The additional molecular targets considered here include the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, NF-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, hsp90, cyclooxygenase-2, protein kinase A type I, vascular endothelial growth factor, 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, angiotensin II receptor type 1, bradykinin receptor type 1, c-Src, interleukin-6, ras, MDM2, bcl-2/bclxL, vitamin D receptor, estrogen receptor-β, and PPAR-. Various nutrients and phytochemicals suspected to have potential utility in prostate cancer prevention and therapy, but whose key molecular targets are still unknown, might reasonably be incorporated into MSMTs for prostate cancer; these include lycopene, selenium, green tea polyphenols, genistein, and silibinin. MSMTs can be developed systematically by testing various combinations of signal-modulating agents, in concentrations that can feasibly be achieved and maintained clinically, on human prostate cancer cell lines; combinations that appear promising can then be tested in xenograft models and, ultimately, in the clinic. Some signal modulators can increase response to cytotoxic drugs by upregulating effectors of apoptosis. When MSMTs fail to raise the spontaneous apoptosis rate sufficiently to achieve tumor stasis or regression, incorporation of appropriate cytotoxic agents into the regimen may improve the clinical outcome.
Characteristic properties of a magnetic nanofluid used as cooling and insulating medium in a power transformer

Magnetic nanofluids (widely known as ferrofluids or magnetic liquids) have a unique property - they are responsive to the application of a magnetic field, which allows for the possibility of controlling the flow and the convective heat transfer. This paper presents the characteristic thermo-physical, magnetic and dielectric properties of a transformer oil based magnetic nanofluid, specially prepared for use as a cooling and insulating medium in a power transformer.
Population dynamics of nasal strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--and their relation to community-associated disease activity.

BACKGROUND Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and dynamics of nasal strains of MRSA, as well as their relation to community-associated disease activity. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional survey and molecular epidemiologic analysis of nasal colonization by S. aureus in homeless and runaway youths, an underserved population at high risk for staphylococcal disease. RESULTS Of the 308 study participants, 27.6% carried S. aureus, and 6.2% carried MRSA. Subgroups of individuals with increased MRSA carriage rates were also at highest risk for community-associated MRSA infection; these subgroups included individuals with either HIV infection or AIDS, injection drug users, patients with abscesses, and those recently hospitalized. Multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified 2 genotypes--ST59:P (USA1000) and ST8:S (USA300)--that accounted for 84.2% (16/19) of the MRSA isolates carried. The genotypes were distinct from nosocomial genotypes endemic in the hospital, although they originated from individuals with prior exposure to health care. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of MRSA strains from asymptomatic carriers versus concurrently collected community-associated clinical strains from patients treated at local health-care facilities allowed for the identification of 3 population dynamics of nasal strains of MRSA: (1) endemic clones--for example, ST8:C and ST59:P--sustained asymptomatic carriage and infection over prolonged periods; (2) an epidemic clone, ST8:S, demonstrated enhanced capacity for rapid transmission and widespread infections; and (3) an outbreak clone, ST30:Z (USA1100), was highly infectious but exhibited poor asymptomatic transmission.
Pushing aggregate constraints by divide-and-approximate

Iceberg-cube mining is to compute the GROUP BY partitions, for all GROUP BY dimension lists, that satisfy a given aggregate constraint. Previous works have pushed anti-monotone constraints into iceberg-cube mining. However, many useful constraints are not anti-monotone. We propose a novel strategy for pushing general aggregate constraints, called divide-and-approximate. This strategy divides the search space and approximates the constraint in subspaces by a pushable constraint. As the strategy is recursively applied, the approximation approaches the given constraint and the pruning tights up. We show that all constraints defined by SQL aggregates, arithmetic operators and comparison operators can be pushed by divide-and-approximate. We present an efficient implementation for an important subclass and evaluate it on both synthetic and real life databases.
Diffraction

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of X-ray diffraction and the 85th anniversary of electron diffraction (see Microscopy Pioneers). For most of the time since their introduction, microscopists have known these two techniques as the primary phase identification methods used in conjunction with various microscopies. However, these two diffraction methods also have played enormous roles in understanding the structure of matter, as well as the nature of both X rays and electrons.
Camden active spaces: Does the construction of active school playgrounds influence children's physical activity levels? A longitudinal quasi-experiment protocol

Introduction Physical activity is essential for every facet of children's health. However, physical activity levels in British children are low. The school environment is a promising setting to increase children's physical activity but limited empirical evidence exists on how a change in the outdoor physical school environment influences physical activity behaviour. The London Borough of Camden is redesigning seven existing school playgrounds to engage children to become more physically active. The primary aim of this project is to evaluate the impact of the redesigned playgrounds on children's physical activity, well-being and physical function/fitness. Method and analysis This project will use a longitudinal quasi-experimental design. Seven experimental schools and one control school will take part. One baseline data collection session and two follow-ups will be carried out. Between baseline and follow-up, the experimental school playgrounds will be redesigned. At baseline, a series of fitness tests, anthropometric and questionnaire measurements, and 7-day objective physical activity monitoring (Actigraph accelerometer) will be carried out on children (aged 5–16 years). This will be repeated at follow-up. Changes in overall physical activity levels and levels during different times of the day (eg, school breaks) will be examined. Multilevel regression modelling will be used to analyse the data. Ethics and dissemination The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-review publications and scientific presentations. Ethical approval was obtained through the University College London Research Ethics Committee (Reference number: 4400/002).
A combinatorial approach to the separation problem for regular languages. (Une approche combinatoire du problème de séparation pour les langages réguliers)

The separation problem, for a class S of languages, is the following: given two input languages, does there exist a language in S that contains the first language and that is disjoint from the second langage ? For regular input languages, the separation problem for a class S subsumes the classical membership problem for this class, and provides more detailed information about the class. This separation problem first emerged in an algebraic context in the form of pointlike sets, and in a profinite context as a topological separation problem. These problems have been studied for specific classes of languages, using involved techniques from the theory of profinite semigroups.In this thesis, we are not only interested in showing the decidability of the separation problem for several subclasses of the regular languages, but also in constructing a separating language, if it exists, and in the complexity of these problems.We provide a generic approach, based on combinatorial arguments, to proving the decidability of this problem for a given class. Using this approach, we prove that the separation problem is decidable for the classes of piecewise testable languages, unambiguous languages, and locally (threshold) testable languages. These classes are defined by different fragments of first-order logic, and are among the most studied classes of regular languages. Furthermore, our approach yields a description of a separating language, in case it exists.
Simple and Efficient Channel Estimation Based on Dominant Taps Selection for LTE OFDMA

In this paper, a new channel estimation method is proposed for channel estimation in the 3GPP LTE downlink. The channel estimation is first implemented in the time-domain before selecting the dominant channel taps to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by ignoring the taps corresponding to the lower powers. In the frequency-domain, the transformed channel data corresponding to the pilot positions are further chosen to implement a channel interpolation before signal detection. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional LS approach in the frequency-domain, without increase in the computational complexity.
Origin and clonal diversity of the parthenogenetic lizard Aspidoscelis rodecki (Squamata: Teiidae): chromosomal evidence

Origin and clonal diversity of the parthenogenetic lizard Aspidoscelis rodecki (Squamata: Teiidae): chromosomal evidence. We analyzed the karyotypes of individuals of two different populations of Aspidoscelis rodecki to investigate the origin and chromosomal diversity of this unisexual lizard. The karyotype of A. rodecki has a diploid number of 50 chromosomes, and exhibits a marked structural heteromorphism. The unique arrangement seems to have originated by Todds fission after the origin of parthenogenesis (hybridization between A. angusticeps and A. deppii). This pattern was observed in two populations of the species, which is endemic to the Yucatan Peninsula.
Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 21 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Nuclear Factor κB Activation via Binding to and Deubiquitinating Receptor-interacting Protein 1*

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) play an important role in the positive and negative regulation of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Using a combination of functional genomic and proteomic approaches, we have identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 21 (USP21) as a deubiquitinase for RIP1. USP21 is constitutively associated with RIP1 and deubiquitinates RIP1 in vitro and in vivo. Notably, knockdown of USP21 in HeLa cells enhances TNFα-induced RIP1 ubiquitination, IκB kinase β (IKKβ), and NF-κB phosphorylation, inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) phosphorylation and ubiquitination, as well as NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that USP21 plays an important role in the down-regulation of TNFα-induced NF-κB activation through deubiquitinating RIP1.
Learning Physical Domains: Toward a Theoretical Framework.

Abstract : This paper presents a theoretical framework that is being developed in an attempt to construct a computational account of human learning of physical domains. Qualitative Process theory is used to model portions of people's physical knowledge, and structure-mapping theory is used to characterize the computations that move a learner from one representation to another. The paper outlines the component theories and proposes a learning sequence for physical domains. Keywords: cognitive modelling; qualitative reasoning; analogical reasoning; artificial intelligence.
Effective treatments for PTSD : practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies

Foa, Keane, Friedman, Cohen, Introduction. Part I: Assessment and Diagnosis of PTSD. Weathers, Keane, Foa, Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults. Balaban, Assessment of Children. Part II: Early Interventions: Treatment of ASD and Prevention of Chronic PTSD. Bisson, McFarlane, Rose, Ruzek, Watson, Psychological Debriefing for Adults. Brymer, Steinberg, Vernberg, Layne, Watson, Jacobs, Ruzek, Pynoos, Acute Interventions for Children and Adolescents. Litz, Bryant, Early Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Adults. Part III: Treatment Approaches for Chronic PTSD. Cahill, Rothbaum, Resick, Follette, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adults. Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger, Berliner, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Friedman, Davidson, Stein, Psychopharmacotherapy for Adults. Donnelly, Psychopharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents. Spates, Koch, Cusack, Pagoto, Waller, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Shea, McDevitt-Murphy, Ready, Schnurr, Group Therapy. Jaycox, Stein, Amaya-Jackson, School-Based Treatment for Children and Adolescents. Kudler, Krupnick, Blank Jr., Herman, Horowitz, Psychodynamic Therapy for Adults. Lieberman, Ippen, Marans, Psychodynamic Therapy for Child Trauma. Glynn, Drebing, Penk, Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Cardena, Maldonado, van der Hart, Spiegel, Hypnosis. Riggs, Monson, Glynn, Canterino, Couple and Family Therapy for Adults. Johnson, Lahad, Gray, Creative Therapies for Adults. Goodman, Chapman, Gantt, Creative Arts Therapies for Children. Najavits, Ryngala, Back, Bolton, Mueser, Brady, Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Disorders. Part IV: Treatment Guidelines. Psychological Debriefing for Adults. Acute Interventions for Children and Adolescents. Early Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Adults. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adults. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Psychopharmacotherapy for Adults. Psychopharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Group Therapy. School-Based Treatment for Children and Adolescents. Psychodynamic Therapy for Adults. Psychodynamic Therapy for Child Trauma. Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Hypnosis. Couple and Family Therapy for Adults. Creative Therapies for Adults. Creative Arts Therapies for Children. Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Disorders. Part V: Conclusion. Friedman, Cohen, Foa, Keane, Integration and Summary.
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Unengorged Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Oita Prefecture, Japan, by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract The current study surveyed the 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) gene DNAs of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi) in ≈4,000 unengorged chiggers obtained from the soil or ground surface in an endemic and a nonendemic area of the Tsutsugamushi disease in Oita Prefecture, southwestern Japan, by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi were identified by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In the endemic area, 242 pools from five species [234 pools of Leptotrombidium scutellare (Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura, Tamiya and Tenjin), two L. pallidum (Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura and Tamiya), four L. kitasatoi (Fukuzumi & Obata), one L. fuji (Kuwata, Berge and Philip), and one Neotrombicula japonica (Tanaka, Kaiwa, Teramura and Kagaya)] were tested, and eight (seven pools of L. scutellare and one N. japonica) were positive for O. tsutsugamushi. Among the seven positive pools of L. scutellare, the distribution of serotypes was as follows: Kuroki (4), Gilliam (1), Karp (1), and Kawasaki (1). The first two serotypes (Kuroki and Gilliam) were identified for the first time in this species. In the nonendemic area, 128 pools from eight species were tested, and 13 were positive for O. tsutsugamushi. The positive rate was as follows: L. pallidum (4/41), L. kitasatoi (1/18), Gahrliepia saduski Womersley (2/10), L. fuji (4/50), L. himizu (Sasa, Kumada, Hayashi, Enomoto, Fukuzumi and Obata) (1/2), and Miyatrombicula kochiensis (Sasa, Kawashima and Egashira) (1/3). The latter three species were shown for the first time to harbor O. tsutsugamushi. All of the positive pools were Kuroki, except for two pools (one L. pallidum and one L. fuji), which were Gilliam (this serotype was also detected for the first time in L. pallidum). Further analysis revealed no differences in the nucleotide sequences (125 bp of variable domain 1 of TSA gene) of the same serotypes (i.e., Kuroki and Gilliam) among the positive samples. These data indicate that O. tsutsugamushi was widely distributed in various trombiculid species, even in the nonendemic area. The data are also suggestive of a possible horizontal transmission of O. tsutsugamushi among trombiculid species.
Midsagittal facial soft‐tissue growth of French Canadian adolescents

This study examines changes in 12 midline soft‐tissue thicknesses from the forehead, nose, lip, and chin regions in girls and boys from 10 to 16 years of age. The soft‐tissue changes are compared to changes in two hard‐tissue distances (sella–nasion and nasion–menton). The subjects are from a mixed‐longitudinal sample studied at the Montreal Human Growth Research Center in the 1960s and 1970s. Total sample size is 242 (from lateral cephalographs of 124 males and 118 females), with numbers varying by age and measurement. For hard‐tissues, boys show clearly defined adolescent spurts, while girls display small velocity increases indicative of only very minor spurts. Forehead tissue thicknesses for both sexes change little and show no demonstrable growth spurts. For the nose and philtrum region, which have the greatest absolute soft‐tissue growth changes, both boys and girls show adolescent spurts. Peak velocities are attained between 13 and 14 years in boys and between 11.9 and 12.5 years in girls. Boys appear to have small adolescent spurts for upper (13.7 years) and perhaps lower lip thicknesses. Neither sex displays clear evidence for adolescent spurts in the chin region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:457–467, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Managerial Discretion on CEO Compensation in Industrial Firms: A Literature Review

It is a great trend for the academic circle to make investigation on CEO comensation from the persepctive of managerial discretion. This paper makes a review on the literature referring to the effect of managerial discretion on CEO compensation. Based on the concepts definition of managerial discretion and CEO compensation, the thorough investigation on the literature reveals that, (1) Managerial discretion has a positive effect on CEO pay level, (2) There is an unclear effect of managerial discretion on CEO pay-performance sensitivity, and (3) There is a positive effect of managerial discretion on managerial pay gap. In the end, the paper makes detailed comments on the existing literature and further provides further research expectation.
Content-based and link-based methods for categorical webpage classification

Through this project evaluate numerous methods for categorizing webpages. We utilize both the textual content of the webpage, and data about the hyperlinks on the the webpage. We first investigate the performance of various classification methods that are only content-based Multinomial Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees and Word2Vec embedding. We then augment some of these classifiers with information from the hyperlinks of a webpage, using a single-hop neighbour lookup. We also make a comment on using graphical models. Our results show that all of the content-only classifiers perform quite well without a great deal of parameter tuning on our test set. Furthermore, we observe a general decrease in accuracy due to using the information from hyperlinks, but there are some cases where the content-based methods are incorrect on their own, but are correct when augmented with link-based information.
Spatial error concealment technique for losslessly compressed images using data hiding in error-prone channels

Error concealment techniques are significant due to the growing interest in imagery transmission over error-prone channels. This paper presents a spatial error concealment technique for losslessly compressed images using least significant bit (LSB)-based data hiding to reconstruct a close approximation after the loss of image blocks during image transmission. Before transmission, block description information (BDI) is generated by applying quantization following discrete wavelet transform. This is then embedded into the LSB plane of the original image itself at the encoder. At the decoder, this BDI is used to conceal blocks that may have been dropped during the transmission. Although the original image is modified slightly by the message embedding process, no perceptible artifacts are introduced and the visual quality is sufficient for analysis and diagnosis. In comparisons with previous methods at various loss rates, the proposed technique is shown to be promising due to its good performance in the case of a loss of isolated and continuous blocks.
Modulated expression of promoters containing upstream curved DNA sequences by the Escherichia coli nucleoid protein H‐NS

Replacement of the CRP‐binding site of the gal control region by curved sequences can lead to the restoration of promoter strength in vivo. One curved sequence called 5A6A, however, failed to do so. The gene hns exerts a strong negative control on the resulting 5A6A gal promoter as well as on the distant bla promoter, specifically in a 5A6A gal context. The product of this gene, H‐NS, displays a better affinity for this particular insert compared to other curved sequences. Mechanisms by which H‐NS may repress promoters both at short and long distances from a favoured binding site are discussed.