Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiment results on “one-active” LASAR

ldquoOne-activerdquo LASAR is a kind of linear array 3-D image SAR system that only one element of the linear array is active at every footprint. To verify the feasibility of ldquoone-activerdquo LASAR, two X-band transmitter and receiver antennas are mounted on a 2D motion control system. Then, we control the antennas moving with a specific trajectory to synthesize a virtual sparse 2D antenna array. Finally, the back-projection algorithm is employed to reconstruct the RCS distribution of the 3-D observation scene. The 3D imaging results of ldquoone-activerdquo LASAR are present to demonstrate the feasibility of ldquoone-activerdquo LASAR.
Dietary Patterns and Stomach Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Investigation of the relationship between dietary patterns and some chronic diseases becomes appealing in nutrition epidemiology. Many studies reported potential associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of stomach cancer, however, a consistent perspective hasn't been established to date. Herein, we carried this meta-analysis to identify the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of stomach cancer. A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. A decreased risk of stomach cancer was shown for the highest compared with the lowest category of a “healthy” dietary pattern [odds ratio (OR) = 0.69; confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.89; P = 0.005). There were evidence of the increased risk of stomach cancer in the highest compared with the lowest categories of Western-style pattern (OR = 1.59; CI: 1.25, 2.04; P = 0.0002) and alcohol-drinking pattern (OR = 1.37; CI: 1.11, 1.70; P = 0.004). The results of this meta-analysis indicate that healthy dietary pattern may decrease the risk of stomach cancer, whereas Western-style and alcohol-drinking dietary patterns may increase the risk of stomach cancer.
Blackout risk analysis in Smart grid WAMPAC system using KL divergence approach

Wide area monitoring protection and control system (WAMPAC), monitor and control the grid dynamics in real time. Availability of PMU data in WAMPAC opened the door for data centric modeling. This paper proposes a novel data centric model for blackout risk analysis. Analysis is based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) or relative entropy between two data samples. The key contribution of this paper is probabilistic analysis of transmission line data to capture the power flow vulnerability in the cascade failure and early prediction of probable blackout based on the relative entropy between normal and the perturbed power flow data. For blackout prediction the reference KLD threshold is calculated from the past blackout events and used as a precursor for blackout early warning signal. Early prediction of blackout risk may prevent the power grid against massive blackouts in future. The proposed methodology is validated on the IEEE 30 bus prototype power system model.
An algorithm for automatic words extraction from a stream of phones in dictionary-based large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems

As improvements on acoustic modeling have rapidly progressed in recent years thanks to the impressive gains in performance obtained using deep neural networks (DNNs), language modeling remains a bottleneck for high performance large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. In this paper an algorithm for automatic words extraction from a stream of phones is suggested to be used in a dictionary-based LVCSR system, to overcome the limitations of current LVCSR systems. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach.
Social poker: a paradigm for studying the formation of self-organized groups

When individuals seek one another out to combine their resources and produce collective benefits not available by acting alone, they form a self-organized group. Drawing on club theory from economics, theories of motivation and social integration from psychology, and theories of coalition formation and bargaining from political science and psychology, we presume that multiple such groups can form from a pool of potential members, and that members have control over their membership choices subject to the constraints posed by others’ preferences and choices. We presume that the benefits produced by a group will depend on the composition of members, and that members may differ both in the resources they bring to the group and the benefits they hope to obtain. Based on these presumptions, the relevant elements of self-organized group formation are identified as follows: At the individual level, resources and preferences or needs are relevant. At the interpersonal level, individuals gather information about the resources and preferences of others and negotiate whether or not to form or join groups. At the group level, some production function turns resources into group goods. The composition of member resources will affect what the group produces, and the composition of member preferences and relative member power will affect how goods are divided. Member satisfaction with outcomes and the perceived costs and benefits of attempting to join or form an alternative group should affect the stability of membership in newly formed groups. The social poker paradigm translates these elements into a card game that allows for the manipulation of individual resources, interpersonal information, relative power among members, the minimize effective size of groups, and other variables of potential interest. Individual resources are represented by playing cards, which individuals can combine by forming a group and pooling their cards to form card hands that earn the group money.
Prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis II—electron microscopy and biochemical evaluation

Prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis type II (I‐cell disease) can be performed quickly and reliably by electron microscopy of chorionic villus tissue. This study reports the results of studies in three prenatal assessments (two families) where the pregnancy was at one in four risk of the disorder. In all three cases, electron microscopy showed marked vacuolation in chorionic villus cells, consistent with the fetus being affected by the disorder. Further studies in cultured chorionic villus cells showed a marked deficiency of a number of lysosomal enzymes. All pregnancies were terminated. Follow‐up studies in fetal tissue (where available) confirmed the prenatal diagnosis as correct. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Publication of the Association of Management CUSTOMERS ’ PERSONALITY , THEIR PERCEPTIONS , AND GREEN CONCERN ON INTERNET BANKING USE

In this paper, we developed a theoretical model that posits factors influencing Internet banking use and validated it with a sample of more than 300 respondents using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results indicated that three factors, openness to experience from the Five-Factor Model, perceived usefulness, and green concern from peer pressure, were positively associated with Internet banking use. Consistent with previous research, security concern was negatively associated with Internet banking use while perceived ease of use was found to influence perceived usefulness. The results offer valuable insights for bank managers.
Parallel Analysis of an Improved RSA Algorithm

This paper aims at speeding up RSA decryption. BS1PRSA (Batch RSA-S1 Multi-Power RSA) algorithm improves the performance of RSA decryption by combining the load transferring technique and multi-prime technique in the Batch RSA algorithm [2]. The parallelism of the BS1PRSA algorithm is analyzed to improve the performance of RSA decryption in the paper and the algorithm can be efficiently implemented in parallel on multi-core devices.
Contemporary art in cultural landscape: experience and opinions.

In this paper, research results are presented to understand the experience and opinions of experts from both landscape and art fields about art in public space in Latvia, exploring options to develop the cultural landscape with the help of art in public space. The research is based on in-depth interviews with Latvian and international experts using the “snowball” sampling method. The paper identifies references and thesis of respondents emerging from the analysis of interview transcripts and outlines them in three broad themes. Thus, the subjects and directions dominating in the cultural landscape of contemporary art have been clarified, correlating similarities and differences on the theoretical level, as well as on the local and international level.
Allowing for Social Desirability in Reception Studies

When conducting research on reception of cultural products, sociologists often have to rely on receivers’ accounts. This brings a particularly salient problem in these studies, namely, social desirability or the tendency of individuals to present themselves to the researcher in a favourable manner regarding social norms and mores. Mobilizing the particular case of a research on self-help books readers involving fifty-five qualitative interviews, this article investigates (a) how social desirability is manifested in these qualitative interviews, (b) what may be its heuristic relevance for research; and (c) the risks that it carries for the data’s validity. The article shows how people’s tendency to present themselves in a favourable light is very instructive as to the norms that individuals project, but it also pays attention to the ways social desirability threatens the material’s status and proposes some ways of coping with it.
Increased synaptic dopamine function in associative regions of the striatum in schizophrenia.

CONTEXT A long-standing version of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates that hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission at D(2) receptors in the limbic striatum is associated with the illness and that blockade of mesolimbic D(2) receptors is responsible for the antipsychotic action of D(2) receptor antagonists. OBJECTIVE To localize dopaminergic hyperactivity within the striatum in schizophrenia. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Inpatient research unit. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen untreated patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, ethnicity, parental socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, and weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage change in dopamine D(2) receptor availability in striatal subregions within each subject measured by positron emission tomography with carbon 11-labeled raclopride before and during pharmacologically induced dopamine depletion. RESULTS In the associative striatum, acute dopamine depletion resulted in a larger increase in D(2) receptor availability in patients with schizophrenia (mean [SD], 15% [7%]) than in control subjects (10% [7%], P = .045), suggesting higher synaptic dopamine concentration. Within the associative striatum, this effect was most pronounced in the precommissural dorsal caudate (15% [8%] in patients vs 9% [8%] in controls, P = .03). No between-group differences were observed in the limbic and sensorimotor striatum. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with elevated dopamine function in associative regions of the striatum. Because the precommissural dorsal caudate processes information from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, this observation also suggests that elevated subcortical dopamine function might adversely affect performance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. On the other hand, the absence of a group difference in the limbic striatum brings into question the therapeutic relevance of the mesolimbic selectivity of second-generation antipsychotic drugs.
An improved method for multi-objective clustering ensemble algorithm

In this paper, we present a cluster algorithm which is an improvement of the multi-objective clustering ensemble algorithm (MOCLE), which is denoted as IMOCLE for short. First, we introduce a new clustering objective function to measure the individual difference in the optimization process so as to remain the diversity of the population. Then, a clustering ensemble technique is applied to MOCLE to obtain more competitive individual. The proposed algorithm can also ensure good partitions not be eliminated. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with MOCLE over a suit of gene datasets. The experimental results show that, the superiority of the proposed method in terms of capability found the optimum number of clusters, and accuracy.
Possibility of the detection in IR and sub/THz spectral region using MCT thin layer receivers: design of the chip, optical elements and antenna pattern

Two-color un-cooled and cooled to 78 K narrow-gap MCT (mercury-cadmium-telluride) semiconductor thin layers, grown by liquid phase epitaxy or molecular beam epitaxy methods on high resistivity CdZnTe or GaAs substrates, with bow-tie antennas were considered both as sub-terahertz direct detection bolometers and 3.10 microns infrared (IR) photoconductors. Aspheric THz lenses were designed and manufactured. The methods of creating antenna on thick substrate with pattern not dependent on frequency were discussed.
Pilot Symbol Assisted Turbo Equalization over a Frequency Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel

A novel pilot-based channel estimation scheme is proposed for frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels which works in conjunction with the existing paradigm of turbo-equalization. The iterative nature of the channel estimation technique provides substantial gain over non-iterative methods, and makes it a suitable choice for iterative equalization and decoding. The use of pilot symbols is demonstrated to aid both the channel estimator and the turbo equalizer independently.
Mini-buckets: a general scheme for approximating inference

The paper presents a class of approximation algorithms that extend the idea of bounded-complexity inference, inspired by successful constraint propagation algorithms, to probabilistic inference and combinatorial optimization. The idea is to bound the dimensionality of dependencies created by inference algorithms. This yields a parameterized scheme, called mini-buckets, that offers adjustable trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. The minibucket approach to optimization problems, such as finding the most probable explanation (MPE) in Bayesian networks, generates both an approximate solution and bounds on the solution quality. We present empirical results demonstrating successful performance of the proposed approximation scheme for the MPE task, both on randomly generated problems and on realistic domains such as medical diagnosis and probabilistic decoding.
An Integrative Perspective on Students’ Proportional Reasoning in High School Physics in a West African Context

This study examines students’ use of proportional reasoning in high school physics problem‐solving in a West African school setting. An in‐depth, constructivist, and interpretive case study was carried out with six physics students from a co‐educational senior secondary school in Nigeria over a period of five months. The study aimed to elicit students’ meanings, claims, concerns, constructions, and interpretations of their difficulty with proportional reasoning as they worked on a series of 18 high school physics tasks. Multiple qualitative research techniques were employed to generate, analyse, and interpret data. Results indicated that several socio‐cultural, psychosocial, cognitive, and mathematical issues were associated with students’ use of proportional reasoning in physics. Students’ capacity to reason proportionally was not only linked to their difficulty with the concept, structure, and strategies of proportional reasoning as a learning and problem‐solving skill, but was also embedded in the social, cultural, cognitive, and contextual elements involved in the learning of physics. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications for teaching high school physics.
Subjective and Objective Compliance: Choosing What to Know in Normative Choice Situations

We propose a cognitive-dissonance model of norm compliance to identify conditions for strategic information acquisition under uncertainty due to incomplete information. The model distinguishes between: (i) objective norm compliers, for whom the right action is a function of the state of the world; (ii) subjective norm compliers, for whom it is a function of their epistemic state. The former seek as much information as possible; the latter acquire no information (if norms require Bayesian updating) or only information that justies selsh acts (if norms leave ‘moral wiggle room’). In a novel experimental setup, we nd evidence for such strategic information uptake.
Macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable organic anion transporters that remove fluorescent dyes from the cytoplasmic matrix

We introduced several membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes, including Lucifer Yellow, carboxyfluorescein, and fura-2, into the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages by ATP permeabilization of the plasma membrane and observed the subsequent fate of these dyes. The dyes did not remain within the cytoplasmic matrix; instead they were sequestered within phase-lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles and released into the extracellular medium. We used Lucifer Yellow to study these processes further. In cells incubated at 37 degrees C, 87% of Lucifer Yellow was released from the cells within 30 min after dye loading. The dye that remained within the cells at this time was predominantly within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Lucifer yellow transport was temperature dependent and occurred against a concentration gradient; therefore it appeared to be an energy- requiring process. The fluorescent dyes used in these studies are all organic anions. We therefore examined the ability of probenecid (p- [dipropylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid), which blocks organic anion transport across many epithelia, to inhibit efflux of Lucifer Yellow, and found that this drug inhibited this process in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Efflux of Lucifer Yellow from the cells did not require Na+ co-transport or Cl- antiport; however, it was inhibited by lowering of the extracellular pH. These experiments indicate that macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable transporters which are similar in their functional properties to organic anion transporters of epithelial cells. Such organic anion transporters have not been described previously in macrophages; they may mediate the release of naturally occurring organic anions such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, glutathione, bilirubin, or lactate from macrophages.
Cloning and mRNA expression levels of GDF9, BMP15, and BMPR1B genes in prolific and non‐prolific goat breeds

Recent findings indicate that the bonemorphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are key regulators of follicular development in many mammalian species (Otsuka et al., 2011), but there is little information about them in goats. The present study, for the first time, investigated the nucleotide sequences and mRNA expression of BMP15, GDF9, and BMP receptors types 1B (BMPR1B) genes in Lezhi black goats, a local Chinese breed famous for its high fecundity (producing 3--5 kids per kidding), and Tibetan goats (Capra hircus), a single-birth breed characterized by adapting to cold, hypoxic ecological conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ovaries, anterior pituitaries, and endometria were recovered from adult female Lezhi black goats (n1⁄4 6) and Tibetan goats (n1⁄4 6) at 12--24hr after onset of estrus. Follicles were also dissected from ovaries for isolated samples. We obtained sequences for goat GDF9 (1,362 bp), BMP15 (1,185 bp), and BMPRIB (1,527 bp) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GDF9 contained two exons with the lengths of 397 bp and 965 bp. All sequences were deposited in the GenBank database (accession numbers, JN049449, JN100107--JN100109, JF824148, JF824149). Comparison of the nucleotide sequences between the two breeds showed that the sequence identities of GDF9, BMP15, and BMPRIB were respectively 99.78%, 100%, and 99.55%. In contrast to previous comparative study in prolific Boer goats and non-prolific Yunling goats (Cui et al., 2009), the present study showed that a GDF9 base change at nucleotide 149 (T to C) resulted in amino acid substitution (L toP), but thebase changesat nucleotide 118 (C to T) produced no amino acid substitution.BMPR1B base changes at nucleotides 637 (G to A), 649 (G to A), 715 (G to C), 781 (C to T), and 827 (A to G) result in amino acid substitutions (G to S, E to K, A to P, L to F, and Y to C). There were no base differences in the BMP15 gene of the two goat breeds (Fig. 1A and Supplementary Fig. 1). Mutations in theBMP15,GDF9, and BMPR1B genes have been found to increase the ovulation rate and infertility in mice, sheep, and humans (Hanrahan et al., 2004;Otsukaet al., 2011). Therefore, thebasechanges inGDF9 and BMPR1B resulting in amino acid substitutions may be an important molecular mechanism that regulates the differential fecundity of these goat breeds. Real-time PCR analysis in the present study revealed broad tissue expression of the target mRNAs. The expression level of BMP15 mRNA in follicle of Lezhi black goat was 5.72-fold greater than that in Tibetan goat (P< 0.05). In contrast, expression levels of follicularGDF9 (Fig. 1B) and total ovarianBMPR1B were not different between these two breeds (Fig. 1C). This observation is similar to the previous study comparing Yunling and Boer goat breeds (Cui et al., 2009). We conclude that BMP15 gene expression and structural differences in GDF9 andBMPRIBmaybeassociatedwith the reproductive difference between Lezhi black and Tibetan goats.
Improving critical path identification in functional timing analysis

True critical path identification is still an issue of relevant importance in the physical design of CMOS VLSI circuits. Although delay enumeration-based timing analysis methods are independent of the number of long false paths, they are not able to identify the true critical paths of a combinational block. Hence, path enumeration-based timing analysis must be used. In this paper, we present a new heuristic for ordering the objectives that need to be satisfied for declaring a path as sensitizable. The new heuristic is compared to the commonly used one, which relies on following the logical depth of the circuit. The practical results showed that the proposed heuristic tends to provide better results.
Can pre-grade R be the stepping stone to social equality in South Africa

Investment in Early Childhood Development (ECD) has the prospect of cultivating potential within individuals and can assist in bridging the social equity gap from a very young age. Over the past decade Grade R has been the strongest policy lever used by the Department of Basic Education to improve early learning. The National Development Plan calls for universal access to two years of early childhood development prior to entering Grade 1. This paper explores the merits of this proposal, given the specific South African context. More specifically, this analysis intents to bring new information to bear on three matters. The first relates to the demand-side and aims to identify participation trends among four and five year olds. The second objective is to consider the supply-side and aims to understand the policy space in which pre-Grade R will function, the quality and quantity of infrastructure already in place, and the expertise of ECD practitioners. The final question considers the implementation of a universally accessible pre-Grade R within a constrained system and the requirements to ensure that it will have a significant impact on those children most in need.