Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Long Distance Traffic Using the AODV Protocol in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) vehicles communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure (inter-vehicular communication). VANETs have received wide attention in the research community in recent years. Wireless routing protocols (e.g. DSR or AODV) were studied in freeway scenarios. But whereas recent research dealt with different vehicle density rates (number of vehicles per km) the distance and especially the long distance between the source and the destination vehicles has not been tackled well in the published literature. We studied the performance of the AODV protocol considering different distances between the source and destination vehicles. The mobility traces were generated by a microscopic vehicular traffic generator based on the intelligent-driver model. We addressed the limitations of other protocols in this scenario by implementing some improvements to increase the packet delivery rate and the throughput, and to decrease the normalized routing load. For these improvements we used mobility prediction based on neighborhood knowledge to guarantee more reliable intermediate nodes and therefore a more stable route to the destination. The reliability of the intermediate nodes gets more and more important the longer the routes are, as we show in this paper.
Impact of a Long Asylum Procedure on the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Iraqi Asylum Seekers in The Netherlands

Clinically, a long asylum procedure seems to be associated with psychiatric disorders. However, data on this issue are lacking. In a national community-based study, using random sampling, we compared two groups of Iraqi asylum seekers, who had resided less than 6 months (N = 143) and more than 2 years (N= 151), respectively, in The Netherlands. Respondents were interviewed with fully structured, culturally validated, translated questionnaires. Psychiatric (DSM-IV) disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 and evaluated in relation with premigration and postmigration adverse life events. Overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 42% in the first group and 66.2% in the second. The prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders were significantly higher in the second group. Posttraumatic stress disorder was high in both groups but did not differ (p > .05). On logistic regression of all relevant risk factors, a long asylum procedure showed an odds ratio of 2.16 (confidence interval = 1.15–4.08) for psychopathology. The conclusion is that, indeed, the duration of the asylum procedure is an important risk factor for psychiatric problems. Both politicians and mental health workers should take note of this finding.
Simultaneously emerging Braitenberg codes and compositionality

Although many researchers have suggested that compositional concepts should be sensorimotor grounded, the method to accomplish this remains unclear. This article introduces a second-order neural network with parametric biases (sNNPB) that learns compositional structures based on sensorimotor time series data. The data was produced by a simulated robot that executed distinct object interactions (move-to and orient-toward). We show that various sNNPB setups can learn to compositionally imitate object interactions beyond the interactions that were specifically trained, which was not possible with previous neural network (NN) architectures, including recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We also show that these imitation capabilities are accomplished by developing a self-organized, geometrically arranged compositional concept structure in the PB values and task-oriented, Braitenberg-like sensory encodings in hidden sensory layers. Because second-order connections were necessary to accomplish the task, we hypothesize that such connections may be essential to drive the learning of both sensorimotor-grounded compositional structures and Braitenberg-like, behavior-oriented ‘‘pro-presentations. ’’ From a cognitive perspective, we show how sensorimotor time series of interactions may be processed to generate the signals necessary to develop semantically compositional structures.
Potassium fluxes in contracting human skeletal muscle and red blood cells

Juel, C. , Y. Hellsten, B. Saltin, and J. Bangsbo. Potassium fluxes in contracting human skeletal muscle and red blood cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R184–R188, 1999. —The present study examined K1 fluxes in red blood cells and muscle during muscle contractions. Seven subjects performed two-legged submaximal knee-extensor exercise for 30 min. After 10 min of leg exercise (L1), intense arm exercise was also performed for 10 min (L21A). Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were higher (P , 0.05) in L21A compared with L1. Arterial plasma K1 at the end of L21A was higher than in L1 (5.6 vs. 4.4 mM, P , 0.05) and returned to the L1 level on cessation of arm exercise. A net K1 release of 0.16 mmol/min from the active legs during L1 was turned to a net K1 uptake of 0.79 mmol/min during L21A. Both arterial and venous red blood cell K1-to-hemoglobin ratios were constant during exercise. The present data suggest that contracting muscle can take up K1 probably by a combination of K1 and hormone activation of the Na1-K1 pump. Furthermore, changes in red blood cell K1 concentrations during muscle activity appear to be due to water movements and not transmembrane fluxes of K1.
Bar rejuvenation in S0 galaxies?

Based on the colour measurements from a multi-band, multi-component 2D decomposition's of S0 and spiral galaxies using SDSS images, we found that bars are bluer in S0 galaxies compared to the spiral galaxies. Most of the S0s in our sample have stellar masses $\sim L_{*}$ galaxies. The environment might have played an important role as most of the S0s with bluer bars are in the intermediate-density environment. The possibility of minor mergers and tidal interactions which occurs frequently in the intermediate-density environment might have caused either a bar to form and/or induce star formation in the barred region of S0 galaxies. The underlying discs show the usual behaviour being redder in S0s compared to spiral galaxies while the bulges are red and old for both S0 and spiral galaxies. The finding of bluer bars in S0 galaxies is a puzzling issue and poses an interesting question at numerical and theoretical studies most of which shows that the bars are long-lived structures with old stellar populations.
A Potential Role for Annexin 1 as a Physiologic Mediator of Glucocorticoid-Induced L-Selectin Shedding from Myeloid Cells1

Glucocorticoids can dampen inflammatory responses by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment to tissue sites. The detailed mechanism by which glucocorticoids exert this affect on neutrophils is unknown. L-selectin is a leukocyte cell surface receptor that is implicated in several steps of neutrophil recruitment. Recently, several studies have shown that systemic treatment of animals and humans with glucocorticoids induces decreased L-selectin expression on neutrophils, suggesting one mechanism by which inflammation may be negatively regulated. However, when neutrophils are treated in vitro with glucocorticoids, no effect on L-selectin expression is observed. Thus, the existence of an additional mediator is plausible. In this study, we investigate whether annexin 1 (ANX1), a recognized second messenger of glucocorticoids, could be such a mediator. We show that ANX1 induces a dose- and time-dependent decrease in L-selectin expression on both peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes but has no effect on lymphocytes. The loss of L-selectin from neutrophils is due to shedding that is mediated by a cell surface metalloprotease (“sheddase”). Using cell shape and a β2 integrin activation epitope, we show that the ANX1-induced shedding of L-selectin appears to occur without overt cell activation. These data may provide the basis for further understanding of mechanisms involved in the down-regulation of inflammatory responses.
Genome Sequences of Newly Isolated Mycobacteriophages Forming Cluster S

ABSTRACT We describe the genomes of two mycobacteriophages, MosMoris and Gattaca, newly isolated on Mycobacterium smegmatis. The two phages are very similar to each other, differing in 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms and six small insertion/deletions. Both have extensive nucleotide sequence similarity to mycobacteriophage Marvin and together form cluster S.
Fusion of body surface potential and body surface Laplacian signals for electrocardiographic imaging

Various approaches to the solution to the inverse problem of electrocardiography have been proposed over the years. Recently, the use of inverse algorithms using measured body surface Laplacians has been proposed, and in various studies this technique has been shown to outperform the traditional use of body surface potentials in certain model problems. In this paper, we compare the use of body surface potentials and body surface Laplacians on two model problems with different assumed cardiac sources. For the spherical cap model problems with an anterior source, the epicardial estimates using body surface potentials had smaller average relative errors than when body surface Laplacians were used. For the spherical cap model problems with a posterior source, the epicardial estimates using body surface potential or body surface Laplacian sensors generally produced similar relative errors. For the radial dipole model, the epicardial estimates using body surface Laplacians had smaller errors than when body surface potentials were used. We introduce a fusion algorithm that combines the different types of signals and generally produces a good estimate for both model problems.
Optimal Two Stage Open Shop Specially Structured Scheduling To Minimize The Rental Cost

The present paper is an attempt to develop a heuristic algorithm for two machines specially structured open shop scheduling in which order of processing is not given (A → B or B → A). Further the processing time of jobs are associated with their probabilities under some well defined structural relationship to one another. The objective of the paper is to minimize the rental cost of machines under a specified rental policy. A numerical illustration is given to support the algorithm.
Trading the stock markets using genetic fuzzy modeling

In this paper the reliability of trading systems that use prediction models as a rating model of stocks is analyzed and an improvement is proposed. It was found that the RISE criterion is unreliable for selecting a profitable model. To increase the reliability of the trading systems an approach is proposed that optimizes the rating models with a profit goal. Two different profit goals are tested. The first is a direct profit goal and the second goal includes sensitivity analysis in the goal function. In both cases, the rating models are optimized using a GA. The simulations show that the results are better and more reliable.
Non-contact EM measurement of the properties of power station steels taken from service

Analysis of the electromagnetic properties of power station steels, measured using a non-contact EM sensor, is of significance as such properties are indicative of the microstructure of the material. In this paper, we present the measurement of cylindrical power station steel samples (namely P91 and P9 grades) in different conditions. Initially the B-H curves of these steel samples were measured. Then printed circuit board (PCB) coil integrated sensors were used to measure the incremental permeability. Analytical and numerical methods (Finite Elements Methods) were employed to calculate the sensor response of these samples. Experimental results were obtained for a range of samples and their electromagnetic properties inferred by fitting finite element models to the measured results.
Whole brain susceptibility mapping using compressed sensing

The derivation of susceptibility from image phase is hampered by the ill‐conditioned filter inversion in certain k‐space regions. In this article, compressed sensing is used to compensate for the k‐space regions where direct filter inversion is unstable. A significantly lower level of streaking artifacts is produced in the resulting susceptibility maps for both simulated and in vivo data sets compared to outcomes obtained using the direct threshold method. It is also demonstrated that the compressed sensing based method outperforms regularization based methods. The key difference between the regularized inversions and compressed sensing compensated inversions is that, in the former case, the entire k‐space spectrum estimation is affected by the ill‐conditioned filter inversion in certain k‐space regions, whereas in the compressed sensing based method only the ill‐conditioned k‐space regions are estimated. In the susceptibility map calculated from the phase measurement obtained using a 3T scanner, not only are the iron‐rich regions well depicted, but good contrast between white and gray matter interfaces that feature a low level of susceptibility variations are also obtained. The correlation between the iron content and the susceptibility levels in iron‐rich deep nucleus regions is studied, and strong linear relationships are observed which agree with previous findings. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of receiver-operating characteristic curves to determine accuracy of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of Brucella infection in domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle.

OBJECTIVE To estimate receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) that is used in serodiagnosis of brucellosis in water buffalo and cattle, to determine the most appropriate positive cutoff value for the c-ELISA in confirmation of infection, and to evaluate species differences in c-ELISA function. SAMPLE POPULATION Sera from 4 herds of cattle (n = 391) and 4 herds of water buffalo (381). PROCEDURE Serum samples were evaluated for Brucella-specific antibodies by use of a c-ELISA. On the basis of previous serologic test results, iterative simulation modeling was used to classify animals as positive or negative for Brucella infection without the use of a gold standard. Accuracy of c-ELISA for diagnosis of infection was compared between cattle and water buffalo by comparison of areas under ROC curves. RESULTS A positive cutoff value of 30% inhibition for c-ELISA yielded sensitivity and specificity estimates, respectively, of 83.9 and 92.6% for cattle and 91.4 and 95.4% for water buffalo. A positive cutoff value of 35% inhibition yielded sensitivity and specificity estimates, respectively, of 83.9 and 96.2% for cattle and 88.0 and 974% for water buffalo. Areas under ROC curves were 0.94 and 0.98 for cattle and water buffalo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ROC curves can be estimated by use of iterative simulation methods to determine optimal cutoff values for diagnostic tests with quantitative outcomes. A cutoff value of 35% inhibition for the c-ELISA was found to be most appropriate for confirmation of Brucella infection in cattle and water buffalo.
Distributed Compressive Sensing Based Channel Feedback Scheme for Massive Antenna Arrays with Spatial Correlation

Massive antenna array is an attractive candidate technique for future broadband wireless communications to acquire high spectrum and energy efficiency. However, such benefits can be realized only when proper channel information is available at the transmitter. Since the amount of the channel information required by the transmitter is large for massive antennas, the feedback is burdensome in practice, especially for frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, and needs normally to be reduced. In this paper a novel channel feedback reduction scheme based on the theory of distributed compressive sensing (DCS) is proposed to apply to massive antenna arrays with spatial correlation, which brings substantially reduced feedback load. Simulation results prove that the novel scheme is better than the channel feedback technique based on traditional compressive sensing (CS) in the aspects of mean square error (MSE), cumulative distributed function (CDF) performance and feedback resources saving.
Reality-based learning. How to get business students down to business

Reality-Based Learning, RBL, is a teacher-driven initiative introducing the core business administration subjects to first-year business students by means of making business plans. This paper empirically accounts for the development of RBL over three years. RBL is scrutinized for pros and cons by a proposed education development framework. When the educational change is dissected and related to prevailing teaching contexts, areas prone to further development are identified. Results indicate that RBL has been developed by a few teachers, both in spite of and due to the lack of longterm pedagogical strategy and development incentives at the department and school levels. This paper concludes with the suggestion that the education development framework is apt for both exante design stages and ex-post evaluation of course parts, courses and entire programs. This paper is on learning about teaching. The backdrop is higher business education in Sweden. Lund university is the third largest university in Sweden and the School of Economics and Management runs one of the single largest departments in Lund, the department of business administration. This department faces a challenge, motivating faculty to engage in innovative teaching methods. One particular innovation initiative called “Reality-Based Learning” (RBL) will be critically examined herein. RBL is a student assignment initiated the first time in 2004. It spans over an entire term. It is a student-group-driven, skills-oriented business project, outlined and presented, both orally and in writing, in the form of a business plan. The assignment is directed by minimal instructions from teachers, assessments are made both by peers and by teachers, and the primary learning outcome is an understanding of business as a subject that integrates several core areas of knowledge within the field of business administration.
Estimation of Soluble CD 14 Level in Saliva of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis & Its Correlation with Periodontal Health Status & Disease Severity . 1

Background: Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is a host cell recognition receptor, that found on the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils or soluble in saliva and other body fluids, and is involved in the recognition of microbial-associated patterns. It acts on the cell membrane by retaining lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other bacterial ligands and facilitating ligand-toll-like receptor (TLR) interaction, resulting in the release of cytokines from the inflammatory cells. This study was conducted to assess the level of soluble CD14 in saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis of different severities and healthy subjects and determine its correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. Materials & Methods: A total of 45 chronic periodontitis patients, age ranged (35-50) years old, divided into three subgroups according to different severities (Mild=15, Moderate=15 and Severe=15). And the control group comprised 15 apparentlyhealthy volunteers. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected to determine levels of soluble CD14 in saliva by enzyme-linked immune–sorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at four sites per tooth including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Results: A highly significant difference (p<0.01) was found for salivary sCD14 levels among the three subgroups (the severe group present the higher median), Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a highly significant strong correlations (p< 0.01) between salivary sCD14 levels and each of (probing pocket depth& clinical attachment level), and non-significant correlation between salivary sCD14 level with plaque, gingival & bleeding on probing indices. Conclusion: sCD14 may play a crucial role in periodontal disease pathogenesis and severity. Salivary sCD14 level may reflect the extent of the disease and so it may predict future disease progression.
NCBI PubChem BioAssay Database

NCBI’s PubChem BioAssay database (1-5) (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a public repository for archiving biological tests of small molecules and siRNA reagents. Small molecule bioactivity data contained in the BioAssay database consist of information generated through high-throughput screening experiments, medicinal chemistry studies, chemical biology research, as well as literature curation. In addition, the BioAssay database contains data from RNAi screens against targeted genes or complete genomes aiming to identify critical genes responsible for a biological process or disease condition. BioAssay data continue to grow rapidly and are integrated with the rest of the NCBI resources, making PubChem a widely used public information system for accelerating chemical biology research and drug development.
Prévision locale des faibles visibilités pour l'aéronautique

Les conditions de faibles visibilites ont un fort impact sur le trafic aeroportuaire. COBEL-ISBA est un modele ID utilise operationnellement pour prevoir a courte echeance les conditions de faible visibilite. Les conditions initiales jouent un role fondamental dans la qualite de ses previsions. Cette these s'est concentree sur l'etude et l'optimisation du systeme d'assimilation de COBEL-ISBA. La premiere partie du travail de these a ete d'evaluer l'impact de ces differents composants du systeme d'observations locales sur la qualite des conditions initiales et des previsions. Des observations simulees ont ete employees, afin de s'abstraire de l'erreur modele, ainsi qu'un hiver d'observations reelles. Les observations ayant le plus d'impact sur la qualite des previsions sont celles qui estiment l'epaisseur du brouillard ainsi que les mesures du contenu en eau du sol. Le systeme d'assimilation operationnel utilise des statistiques d'erreur d'ebauche fixes dans le temps et sur la verticale. Il a ete montre que celles-ci varient dans le temps sur la verticale. Par consequent, un filtre de Kalman d'ensemble , qui permet d'estimer les statistiques d'erreur de l'ebauche a chaque cycle d'assimilation, a ete mis en place. Il donne de bons resultats avec les observations simulees, ainsi qu'avec des observations reelles pour les echeances inferieures a quatre heures. Plusieurs etudes ont montre le potentiel des filtres a particules pour l'assimilation de donnees. Un filtre a particule avec selection genetique a ete adapte a l'assimilation de donnees pour COBEL-ISBA. Il donne de bons resultats avec des observations simulees, et ce avec relativement peu de particules.
A low cost Ultra-Wide-Band Pulse Radar in a guided wave gauging application

This paper presents a low cost UWB-Pulse-Radar operating in the FCC 3.1GHz-10.6GHz band designed with standard RF- off-the-shelf components. The radar is based on the sequential sampling principle that will be briefly described. Special attention is paid on the pulse generation, where a coherent pulse oscillator in combination with a high speed switching circuitry is employed to gain pulse durations of 250ps centered at 6GHz. To demonstrate the resolution of the radar, a tank level scenario is presented allowing to detect liquid interfaces from 6.5cm thickness.