Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistent ocean monitoring with underwater gliders: Adapting sampling resolution

Ocean processes are dynamic and complex and occur on multiple spatial and temporal scales. To obtain a synoptic view of such processes, ocean scientists collect data over long time periods. Historically, measurements were continually provided by fixed sensors, e.g., moorings, or gathered from ships. Recently, an increase in the utilization of autonomous underwater vehicles has enabled a more dynamic data acquisition approach. However, we still do not utilize the full capabilities of these vehicles. Here we present algorithms that produce persistent monitoring missions for underwater vehicles by balancing path following accuracy and sampling resolution for a given region of interest, which addresses a pressing need among ocean scientists to efficiently and effectively collect high‐value data. More specifically, this paper proposes a path planning algorithm and a speed control algorithm for underwater gliders, which together give informative trajectories for the glider to persistently monitor a patch of ocean. We optimize a cost function that blends two competing factors: maximize the information value along the path while minimizing deviation from the planned path due to ocean currents. Speed is controlled along the planned path by adjusting the pitch angle of the underwater glider, so that higher resolution samples are collected in areas of higher information value. The resulting paths are closed circuits that can be repeatedly traversed to collect long‐term ocean data in dynamic environments. The algorithms were tested during sea trials on an underwater glider operating off the coast of southern California, as well as in Monterey Bay, California. The experimental results show improvements in both data resolution and path reliability compared to previously executed sampling paths used in the respective regions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A General Framework for Web Services and Grid-Based Technologies for Online Laboratories

The combination of Web Services and grid-computing technologies is curre ntly of a major scientific revolution. It combines the middleware solution from Web Services and resource-sharing solutions of grid computing. We present a general framework based on Web Services and grid-based technologies for online laboratories. It is a distributed system model where computa tional resources and experimental devices throughout the networks are organized into federations. The benefits of this model are information processing capacity increase and resource sharing. We discuss a number of te chnical considerations using this framework. These include: the descriptions of tele-experimentation resources; the wrapping of instruments into a web service; the composition of Web Services, which is modeled as a pla nning problem, and; the design of an online laboratory brokerage system, which we dealt with in a forme r article. We also discuss some issues related to business logic and policy in a particular sector, such a s tele-learning and network-supported research via information technologies.
Functional Involvement of PHOSPHO1 in Matrix Vesicle–Mediated Skeletal Mineralization

PHOSPHO1 is a phosphatase highly expressed in bone. We studied its functional involvement in mineralization through the use of novel small molecule inhibitors. PHOSPHO1 expression was present within matrix vesicles, and inhibition of enzyme action caused a decrease in the ability of matrix vesicles to calcify.
Semantic Analysis of Chisholm's Paradox

Violation handling is a crucial problem in many applications. therefore its paradoxes have been studied in, amongst others, artificial intelligence, agent theory and computer science. The standard way to study these paradoxes is to model them using a formal language, and use formal logic to consider whether the set of sentences is inconsistent, the sentences logically follow from others, or some other anomaly occurs. During the past decades, developments in temporal, action and non-monotonic logics have contributed to a better understanding of the paradoxes and thus of violation handling. In this paper we propose an alternative way to analyze Chisholm’s notorious contrary-to-duty paradox in deontic logic. We model the paradox using semantic models, using insights from conceptual modelling. We aim to gain insight in the open question whether the paradoxes are in some sense logical contradictions, or only apparent contradictions. If a paradox is only an apparent contradiction, then there has to be a model interpreting all sentences.
Investigation and mitigation of harmonics from electric arc furnaces

This paper investigates the harmonics produced from electric arc furnace (EAF) operation. It gives an example of arc furnace modeling as a harmonic voltage source. The total harmonic distortion of the voltage and the current at the point of common coupling (PCC) are addressed and the need to alleviate this distortion to cope with IEEE 519 recommended limits is discussed. The effect of arc length variation on the main electrical parameters of concern such as arc power, power factor and total harmonic distortion is investigated. Also, a sensitivity study to determine the effect of applying a capacitor bank alone on the voltage and current total harmonic distortion is presented.
The Relationship Between PAC, the Statistical Physics Framework, the Bayesian Framework, and the VC Framework

A comparison of GCV and GML for choosing the smoothing parameter in the generalized spline smoothing problem. Wolpert, D. (1994d). How good generalizers need to be: beyond bias plus variance. In preparation. Wolpert, D. (1994e). On exhaustive learning. These proceedings. Wolpert, D. (1994f). On overfitting avoidance as bias. In preparation. Wolpert, D. (1994g). On the Bayesian " Occam factors " argument for Occam's razor. Calculation of the learning curve of Bayes optimal classification algorithm for learning a perceptron with noise. Technical report. Perrone, M. (1993). Improving regression estimation: averaging methods for variance reduction with extensions to general convex measure optimization. Ph. Haussler, D. (1994a). Decision theoretic generalizations of the PAC model for neural net and other learning applications. These proceedings. Haussler, D. (1994b). The probably approximately correct (PAC) and other learning models. Chapter 9 from Foundations of knowledge acquisition: Machine Learning, A. Meyrowitz and S. Chip-man (Ed.'s). Kluwer. MacKay D. (1992). Information-based objective functions for active data selection. Neural Computation. 4, 590-604. MAXENT. Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods. Many years and editors. Moody, J. (1992). The effective number of parameters: an analysis of generalization and regular-ization in nonlinear learning systems.
Color Face Segmentation Using a Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network

This work presents an automated method of segmentation of faces in color images with complex backgrounds. Segmentation of the face from the background in an image is performed by using face color feature information. Skin regions are determined by sampling the skin colors of the face in a Hue Saturation Value (HSV) color model, and then training a fuzzy min-max neural network (FMMNN) to automatically segment these skin colors. This work appears to be the first application of Simpson's FMMNN algorithm to the problem of face segmentation. Results on several test cases showed recognition rates of both face and background pixels to be above 93%, except for the case of a small face embedded in a large background. Suggestions for dealing with this difficult case are proffered. The image pixel classifier is linear of order O(Nh) where N is the number of pixels in the image and h is the number of fuzzy hyperbox sets determined by training the FMMNN.
Legacy Data: How Decades of Seabed Sampling can Produce Robust Predictions and Versatile Products

Sediment maps developed from categorical data are widely applied to support marine spatial planning across various fields. However, deriving maps independently of sediment classification potentially improves our understanding of environmental gradients and reduces issues of harmonising data across jurisdictional boundaries. As the groundtruth samples are often measured for the fractions of mud, sand and gravel, this data can be utilised more effectively to produce quantitative maps of sediment composition. Using harmonised data products from a range of sources including the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet), spatial predictions of these three sediment fractions were generated for the north-west European continental shelf using the random forest algorithm. Once modelled these sediment fraction maps were classified using a range of schemes to show the versatility of such an approach, and spatial accuracy maps were generated to support their interpretation. The maps produced in this study are to date the highest resolution quantitative sediment composition maps that have been produced for a study area of this extent and are likely to be of interest for a wide range of applications such as ecological and biophysical studies.
Counterweight balancing for machine frame vibration reduction: design and robustness analysis

By addition of counterweights to the moving links of a linkage, supported by an elastically mounted frame, it is possible to reduce the frame vibration induced by the resulting forces and moments of the linkage on the frame. Determining the counterweights that yield a maximal reduction in frame vibration is a nonlinear optimization problem. This paper shows that this optimization problem can be reformulated as a convex problem, i.e. a nonlinear optimization problem that has a unique (global) optimum. This methodology is general but developed here for a planar four-bar linkage. For the particular example considered here, a robustness analysis shows a significant reduction of frame vibration even for drive speeds and mounting parameters other than those considered during the counterweight design.
MSDCT Architecture Implementation with DA Based Optimized LUT

In this paper a modified scaled discrete cosine transform hardware implementation is presented which will be further utilized in video chip application. The hardware design is based on the description of the algorithm along with the proof of operational steps to complete inner product operation required for discrete cosine transform (DCT) application. This paper highlights and compares 8 times 8 pixels block DCT architecture of conventional design with our optimized design. Optimized hardware is presented by virtue of distributed arithmetic (DA) and contains multiplications based on computational sharing multiplier (CSHM) concept. DA is utilized for LUT size optimization which helps to keep the area of chip and complexity of connections reasonably small
Designing reference beam for phase retrieval

In this work we present a method for image reconstruction from the magnitude of its Fourier transform in the case where certain parts of the sough image are known. The method is base on continuous non-linear optimization. Fast reconstruction speed of the method and its ability to tolerate errors in the measurements are demonstrated by numerical results. The method is compared with previously proposed algorithm for phase retrieval with known boundaries by Hayes and Quatieri and its superiority is demonstrated.
D ec 2 00 0 Stewart-Lyth inverse problem

In this paper the Stewart-Lyth inverse problem is introduced. It consists of solving two nonlinear differential equations for the first slow-roll parameter and finding the inflaton potential. The equations are derived from the Stewart-Lyth equations for the scalar and tensorial perturbations produced during the inflationary period. The geometry of the phase planes transverse to the trajectories is analyzed, and conclusions about the possible behavior for general solutions are drawn.
The effect of professional commitment and ethical consideration on the desire to do whistleblowing with locus of control as a moderating variable (study on the banking sector in Palembang)

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of professional commitment and ethical considerations on the desire to conduct whistleblowing. This study also adds locus of control as a moderating variable that influences the relationship between professional commitment and ethical considerations. Respondents in this study were 53 internal auditors placed in the banking operational unit in Palembang and sampling by saturated sample method. The results of this study indicate: (1) The professional commitment of internal auditors has a positive effect on the desire to conduct whistleblowing, (2) Ethical considerations of internal auditors have a positive effect on the desire to conduct whistleblowing, 3) professional commitment of internal auditors moderated Locus of control does not affect desire do whistleblowing, and 4) ethical considerations of internal auditors moderated locus of control does not affect the desire to do whistleblowing.
The contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the functional evaluation of microcircuits in human motor cortex

Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activates a number of different neuron types in the cortex, the final output elicited in corticospinal neurones is surprisingly stereotyped. A single TMS pulse evokes a series of descending corticospinal volleys that are separated from each other by about 1.5 ms (i.e., ~670 Hz). This evoked descending corticospinal activity can be directly recorded by an epidural electrode placed over the high cervical cord. The earliest wave is thought to originate from the direct activation of the axons of fast-conducting pyramidal tract neurones (PTN) and is therefore termed “D” wave. The later waves are thought to originate from indirect, trans-synaptic activation of PTNs and are termed “I” waves. The anatomical and computational characteristics of a canonical microcircuit model of cerebral cortex composed of layer II and III and layer V excitatory pyramidal cells, inhibitory interneurons, and cortico-cortical and thalamo-cortical inputs can account for the main characteristics of the corticospinal activity evoked by TMS including its regular and rhythmic nature, the stimulus intensity-dependence and its pharmacological modulation. In this review we summarize present knowledge of the physiological basis of the effects of TMS of the human motor cortex describing possible interactions between TMS and simple canonical microcircuits of neocortex. According to the canonical model, a TMS pulse induces strong depolarization of the excitatory cells in the superficial layers of the circuit. This leads to highly synchronized recruitment of clusters of excitatory neurons, including layer V PTNs, and of inhibitory interneurons producing a high frequency (~670 Hz) repetitive discharge of the corticospinal axons. The role of the inhibitory circuits is crucial to entrain the firing of the excitatory networks to produce a high-frequency discharge and to control the number and magnitude of evoked excitatory discharge in layer V PTNs. In summary, simple canonical microcircuits of neocortex can explain activation of corticospinal neurons in human motor cortex by TMS.
Regulation of Cancer Aggressive Features in Melanoma Cells by MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory roles, which are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. A common strategy for identification of miRNAs involved in cell transformation is to compare malignant cells to normal cells. Here we focus on identification of miRNAs that regulate the aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells. To avoid differences due to genetic background, a comparative high-throughput miRNA profiling was performed on two isogenic human melanoma cell lines that display major differences in their net proliferation, invasion and tube formation activities. This screening revealed two major cohorts of differentially expressed miRNAs. We speculated that miRNAs up-regulated in the more-aggressive cell line contribute oncogenic features, while the down-regulated miRNAs are tumor suppressive. This assumption was further tested experimentally on five candidate tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-31, -34a, -184, -185 and -204) and on one candidate oncogenic miRNA (miR-17-5p), all of which have never been reported before in cutaneous melanoma. Remarkably, all candidate Suppressive-miRNAs inhibited net proliferation, invasion or tube formation, while miR-17-5p enhanced cell proliferation. miR-34a and miR-185 were further shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma xenografts when implanted in SCID-NOD mice. Finally, all six candidate miRNAs were detected in 15 different metastatic melanoma specimens, attesting for the physiological relevance of our findings. Collectively, these findings may prove instrumental for understanding mechanisms of disease and for development of novel therapeutic and staging technologies for melanoma.
Comparison of selected clinical and personality variables in alcohol–dependent patients with or without a history of suicide attempts

Summary Objective: The aim of the study was to determine differences in the range of socio-demographic variables, selected clinical variables, temperament and character traits, coping with stress strategies and the level of aggression in alcohol addicts with or without a history of suicide attempt(s). Methods: The study involved 90 people addicted to alcohol, treated in inpatient alcohol dependence treatment program. In order to collect data on socio - demographic variables and selected clinical variables, a self-made questionnaire was used. The severity of alcohol dependence was verified using the MAST and SADD scales. Characteristics of temperament and character were examined with the TCI questionnaire. The BPAQ and COPE questionnaires were used to examine the level of aggression and styles of coping with stress. Results:Out of 90 subjects with alcohol dependence syndrom, 20% had attempted suicide in the past. The respondents with a history of suicide attempts were statistically significantly younger, were characterized by a younger age of alcohol drinking initiation and the initiation of regular alcohol drinking, and a greater severity of alcohol dependence in the MAST and SADD scales. A significantly larger percentage of respondents who had attempted suicide inflicted self-injury in the past, used other psychoactive substances as well as hypnotics and sedatives. The subjects with a suicide attempt in the interview obtained statistically significantly higher scores in terms of the level of aggression, harm avoidance and self-directedness, and more often used the style of coping with stress based on avoidance and accepting the situation. Conclusions: The obtained results correspond with data available in the literature and may provide a foundation for theoretical models explaining the phenomenon of suicidal behavior in alcohol addicts as well as for suicide prevention programs in this group of patients.
Revisiting Numerical Pattern Mining with Formal Concept Analysis

We investigate the problem of mining numerical data with Formal Concept Analysis. The usual way is to use a scaling procedure -transforming numerical attributes into binary ones- leading either to a loss of information or of efficiency, in particular w.r. t. the volume of extracted patterns. By contrast, we propose to directlywork on numerical data in a more precise and efficient way. For that, the notions of closed patterns, generators and equivalent classes are revisited in the numerical context. Moreover, two algorithms are proposed and tested in an evaluation involving real-world data, showing the quality of the present approach.
Transient Electromagnetic Resistivity Survey at the Geysir Geothermal Field South Iceland

A general description of the resistivity method is given, and the results of a TEM resistivity survey at the Geysir geothermal field, S-Iceland are presented. The effects of temperature, porosity, salinity, and water-rock interaction on resistivity of rocks are briefly described. Theoretical aspects of DC resistivity measurements are presented and the general principles and application of Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) soundings are discussed. Comparison of DC and TEM resistivity soundings is dealt with briefly. The famous Geysir high-temperature area is in a shallow valley elongated N-S in the upper southern lowlands of Iceland. A total of 9 TEM stations were interpreted with the one-dimensional inversion program, CLTINV. Results reveal the resistivity distribution of the rock formation in the uppermost kilometre. The resistivity in the uppermost 100-400 m is quite high, ranging between 200 and 3000 ohm-m. Below that, the resistivity is low, and at some level it is obviously influenced by the vicinity of high-temperature geothermal activity, indicated by resistivity values of 1-10 ohmm. The resistivity structure within the Geysir field shows the characteristics of a geothermal system with very low resistivity at depth, 1-5 ohm-m, around the Geysir area, but without confirmed evidence of high resistivity in the central part of the geothermal system. Provided there is an equilibrium between thermal alteration of the rock and present temperature, the resistivity survey indicates temperatures as high as 200-220/C in the uppermost kilometre of the geothermal system, but not exceeding that, as there is no certain sign of a high-resistivity core. Chemical evidence indicates temperatures of 220-240/C in the geothermal system, agreeing fairly well with the resistivity.
Meaning-based content word alignment heuristic

This paper presents a meaning-based content word alignment heuristic within parallel translation segments. The heuristic provides for a manual method of aligning content words in expressions or segments and the principles on which these content-word pairs are aligned. We describe important criteria of alignment: meaning-based similarity (direct or indirect), functional meaning and manual idiom chunking. The null token concept is also used for the representation of language-specific constraints. The purpose of the meaning-based alignment of content words is to represent the distribution of information content between source and target segments. This representation may contribute to the evaluation metrics of translation segments by allowing the identification of even and uneven distribution of information and, for uneven distribution, of lexicogrammatical shifts in translation or other phenomena in the information content transfer. The heuristic is illustrated with parallel English-French segments taken from the bilingual alignment of the inaugural address of the United States President John F. Kennedy delivered in 1961 and published officially in a French translation by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
UNITOR: Combining Semantic Text Similarity functions through SV Regression

This paper presents the UNITOR system that participated to the SemEval 2012 Task 6: Semantic Textual Similarity (STS). The task is here modeled as a Support Vector (SV) regression problem, where a similarity scoring function between text pairs is acquired from examples. The semantic relatedness between sentences is modeled in an unsupervised fashion through different similarity functions, each capturing a specific semantic aspect of the STS, e. g. syntactic vs. lexical or topical vs. paradigmatic similarity. The SV regressor effectively combines the different models, learning a scoring function that weights individual scores in a unique resulting STS. It provides a highly portable method as it does not depend on any manually built resource (e.g. WordNet) nor controlled, e. g. aligned, corpus.