Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Gender Groups on Entrepreneurship in a Developing Country Context

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine gender group differential effects on entrepreneurship in western Kenya. The study provides an understanding of the entrepreneurial contextual factors influencing Women and Youth entrepreneurship. The study was undertaken in Bungoma and Uasin Gishu Counties which were Project sites for Sustainable Approach to Livelihood Improvement project in Kenya. Design/methodology/approachA survey methodology was designed to collect primary data on the entrepreneurship of women and youth owned small enterprises. Data was collected and analysed with the assistance of Kruskal Wallis test. Findings -The results show that the hypotheses were supported on gender group differential effects on the socio-economic profiles, on the nature of firm profile and on entrepreneurial profiles. The study concludes that gender group differential effects on various variables were statistically significant. Gender differences between adult Women and youth categories were statistically significant on most aspects, while within the youth group there were no differences. Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of this study werefirstly, reliance on a sample instead of undertaking a complete census and secondly, relying on self-reported data. Practical implications -This paper will be of practical value to entrepreneurs, policy-makers and practitioners interested in the complex interactive relationship between women and youth entrepreneurship. Originality/valueThe methodological framework developed for this study constitutes a foundation for extending and developing literature on gender differential effects on entrepreneurship research
Perception v. actual intakes of junk food and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australian young adults: assessed using the mobile food record

Abstract Objective To determine perception v. actual intakes of energy-dense nutrient-poor ‘junk food’ (JF) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in young adults, using the mobile food record (mFR). Design Before-and-after eating images using a 4 d mFR were assessed for standardised 600 kJ (143 kcal) servings of JF and SSB (excluding diet drinks). Participants reported their concern about the health aspects of their diet, perceptions and intentions regarding JF and SSB. Setting Perth, Western Australia. Subjects Adults (n 246) aged 18–30 years. Results The mean (sd) intake of JF+SSB was 3·7 (2·0) servings/d. Women thinking about drinking less SSB consumed more SSB servings/d (1·5 (1·2)) than men (0·7 (0·5); P<0·05) who were thinking about drinking less. Men not thinking about cutting down JF consumed more servings/d (4·6 (2·4)) than women (2·5 (0·7); P<0·01) who were not thinking about cutting down. Those who paid a lot of attention to the health aspects of their diet consumed less JF+SSB than those who took only a bit of notice (P<0·001), were not really thinking much about it (P<0·001) or who didn’t think at all about the health aspects of food (P<0·01). Conclusions Perceptions and attitudes regarding JF and SSB were associated with level of consumption. Those not thinking about cutting down their intake of these foods represent an important target group as they consume more than their peers. Further research is needed to identify how amenable young adults are to changing their intake, particularly given the lack of attention paid to the health aspects of their diet.
Oct‐4: more than just a POUerful marker of the mammalian germline?

Mammals lack visible cytoplasmic components in the oocyte that could account for ‘germline determinants’ as identified in various non‐mammalian species. Actually, mammals might not define the germline autonomously by localized ‘germline determinants’ but conditionally depending on the position of cells within the embryo. The Oct‐4 gene encodes a transcription factor that is specifically expressed in the toti‐ and pluripotential stem cells of the mouse embryo and so far has only been found in mammalian species. Oct‐4‐expressing embryonal cells retain the capacity to differentiate along multiple lineages and they have been suggested to be part of a ‘totipotent germline cycle’ that links one generation to the next.
ErG: 2D Pharmacophore Descriptions for Scaffold Hopping

An extended reduced graph approach (ErG) is presented that uses pharmacophore-type node descriptions to encode the relevant molecular properties. The basic idea of the method can be described as a hybrid approach of reduced graphs (Gillet et al. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2003, 43, 338-345) and binding property pairs (Kearsley et al. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1996, 36, 118-127). However, specific extension modifications to correctly describe the pharmacophoric properties, size, and shape of the molecules under study result in a very stable and good performance as compared to DAYLIGHT fingerprints (DFP). This is exemplified for 11 activity classes of the MDL Drug Data Report database, for which ErG performs as well or better than DFP in 10 cases. On the basis of the example data sets, the ability of ErG to switch from one chemotype to another (often referred to as "scaffold hopping") is highlighted. Additionally, possible pitfalls of reduced graph approaches as well as suitable solutions are discussed with the help of example structures. Overall, it is shown that ErG is a widely applicable method capable of identifying structurally diverse actives for a given active search query. This diversity is achieved by a high degree of molecular abstraction, which in turn results in a low dimensional descriptor vector that allows very low computation times for similarity searches.
Users’ Perception on Voluntary Disclosures in Bangladeshi Corporate Annual Reports

The corporate disclosure of Bangladeshi firms has been characterized by inadequacy, lack of reliability and accountability. In spite of aforesaid characteristics some of the companies in Bangladesh have started to realize the importance of voluntary disclosures and have reported issues such as environment protection, human resource, social responsibilities voluntarily in addition to the mandatory disclosures in the annual reports. The aim of this paper is to find out annual report users’ perception on voluntary disclosure issue. A questionnaire survey was carried out among different users of annual report. Most of the respondents in the survey said that this kind of voluntary disclosure is important for decision making. The findings also shed light on various reasons responsible for voluntary information disclosure in corporate annual reports of Bangladesh .
Segmentation of pathology by statistical modeling and distributed estimation

The aim of this study is to detect pathology, such as cerebrovascular disease, in brain images by assuming that the pathology is beyond the expected morphological variability of normal images. However the construction of a statistical model of the inter-subject variability over the whole high resolution image is especially challenging due to large dimensionality. For this reason, we apply image partitioning and formulate a strictly concave likelihood function estimating pathology for each local partition. We apply a distributed estimation algorithm in order to fuse the local estimates of each overlapping partition into a globally optimal estimate that satisfies consistency constraints. The likelihood function consists of a model and a data term and is formulated as a quadratic programming problem. The assessment of the method on FLAIR brain images by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrates improvement in image segmentation over two-group analysis performed with SPM.
Managing Global Brand Investments at DHL

In this paper, we introduce the customer-insight based approach that Deutsche Post DHL adopted to improve its global express delivery business. DHL has used the operations research based brand assessment tool in more than 20 large countries on four continents since 2004. The tool supports local brand managers in allocating marketing resources to activities that grow the global brand in their country market. Its application led to an estimated increase in brand value of USD 1.32 billion over five years. This corresponds to a return on investment of 38 percent and an internal rate of return of 24 percent. The tool's implementation also had a major impact on DHL's strategy and organization.
Approximate formula and bounds for the time-varying susceptible-infected-susceptible prevalence in networks.

Based on a recent exact differential equation, the time dependence of the SIS prevalence, the average fraction of infected nodes, in any graph is first studied and then upper and lower bounded by an explicit analytic function of time. That new approximate "tanh formula" obeys a Riccati differential equation and bears resemblance to the classical expression in epidemiology of Kermack and McKendrick [Proc. R. Soc. London A 115, 700 (1927)1364-502110.1098/rspa.1927. 0118] but enhanced with graph specific properties, such as the algebraic connectivity, the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the graph. We further revisit the challenge of finding tight upper bounds for the SIS (and SIR) epidemic threshold for all graphs. We propose two new upper bounds and show the importance of the variance of the number of infected nodes. Finally, a formula for the epidemic threshold in the cycle (or ring graph) is presented.
Instance-Based Ontology Matching For Open and Distance Learning Materials

The present work describes an original associative model of pattern classification and its application to align different ontologies containing Learning Objects (LOs), which are in turn related to Open and Distance Learning (ODL) educative content. The problem of aligning ontologies is known as Ontology Matching Problem (OMP), whose solution is modeled in this paper as a binary pattern classification problem. The latter problem is then solved through the application of our new proposed associative model. The solution proposed here allows the alignment of two different ontologies —both in the Learning Objects Metadata (LOM) format— into a single ontology of LOs for ODL in LOM format, without redundant objects and with all inherent advantages for handling ODL LOs. The proposed model of pattern classification was validated through experiments, which were done on data taken from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2014 campaign, as well as on data taken from two known educative content repositories: ADRIADNE and MERLOT. The obtained results show a high performance when compared against some of the classifier algorithms present in the state of the art.
Genetic Connection between Fatty Acid Metabolism and Sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans *

In the Ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the ratio of conidia (asexual spores) to ascospores (sexual spores) is affected by linoleic acid moieties including endogenous sporogenic factors called psi factors. Deletion ofodeA (ΔodeA), encoding a Δ-12 desaturase that converts oleic acid to linoleic acid, resulted in a strain depleted of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 18:3) but increased in oleic acid (18:1) and total percent fatty acid content. Linoleic acid-derived psi factors were absent in this strain but oleic acid-derived psi factors were increased relative to wild type. The ΔodeA strain was reduced in conidial production and mycelial growth; these effects were most noticeable when cultures were grown at 26 °C in the dark. Under these environmental conditions, the ΔodeA strain was delayed in ascospore production but produced more ascospores than wild type over time. This suggests a role for oleic acid-derived psi factors in affecting the asexual to sexual spore ratio in A. nidulans. Fatty acid composition and spore development were also affected by veA, a gene previously shown to control light driven conidial and ascospore development. Taken together our results indicate an interaction betweenveA and odeA alleles for fatty acid metabolism and spore development in A. nidulans.
Use the Firefly Algorithm to Find the Profits of the Airlines at Baghdad International Airport

In this paper, queueing system with losses (M\M\m\-\m) is investigated depending on First in First out (FIFO) technique. The main task is to find the earnings of three airline companies in international airport of Baghdad, by establishing the best number of service centers. The researcher was present on daily basis to collect data related to travelers arrival and departure time from centers of services. The researcher calculated arrival averages and service (? ) ? , by using (Professional EasyFit5.6). Also, he observed distribution of service centers for all previously mentioned companies. The aim of researcher is to determine arrivals time of airline companies, service centers which are Poisson distributed and how service time (Exponential distribution) is distributed. Then, it is necessary to find the best service center depending on earnings indication of suggested model for each company, using Firefly Algorithm (FA) and writing the program by (Matlab R2015a) to show the results. And finally, the results are compared with Particle swarm Algorithm (PSO), (FA) algorithm is proved to be better as compared to (PSO).
Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium Able to Utilize d-Histidine as a Source of l-Histidine

Secondary mutants able to utilize d-histidine, dhu, were isolated in histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. Mutations of one class (dhuA) are closely linked with the hisP locus which codes for a component of histidine permease. The specific activity of l-histidine permeation was estimated as increased two- to seven-fold in dhuA mutants. The dhuB mutants which have not been mapped also had elevated specific activity of l-histidine permeation. The uptake of d-histidine, barely detectable in the parental strains, was prominent in dhuA mutants and showed an apparent Michaelis constant about 1,000-fold higher than that observed with l-histidine. No change was detected in the kinetics of l-histidine permeation. d- and l-histidine competed in the uptake process. Tertiary mutants which lost the ability to grow on d-histidine were isolated by ampicillin counter-selection in dhuA his− strains. All of them mapped in the dhuA hisP region. Most of them had all known properties of hisP mutants. It is inferred from these data that the dhuA mutations increase synthesis of components critical to d- and l-histidine permeation.
Sequence of the protease inhibitor domain of the A4 amyloid protein precursor of Mus domesticus.

Three human cDNAs of the Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid precursor gene have been shown to be produced by alternative splicing and to encode putative 695 (1), 751 (2,3), or 770 (4) amino acid residues. We have isolated and sequenced a partial cDNA clone of the 770 residues from a XgtlO library derived from a placenta of Mus domesticus (strain: CD-1). The clone includes the sequence for both the protease inhibitor domain and a portion of the MRC OX-2 antigen homologous residues (5). During the preparation of this report, the equivalent sequences from rat were published (6) and are shown below. Amino acid sequence differences among the three species are indicated.
Labour Supply Effects of Winning a Lottery

This paper investigates how winning a substantial lottery prize affects labor supply. Analyzing data from Dutch State Lottery winners, we find that earnings are affected but not employment. Lottery prize winners reduce their hours of work but they are not very likely to withdraw from the labor force. We also find that the effects of lottery prizes last for several years and materialize predominantly among young single individuals without children.
Online Optimization of Video-Ad Allocation

In this paper, we study the video advertising in the context of internet advertising. Video advertising is a rapidly growing industry, but its computational aspects have not yet been investigated. A difference between video advertising and traditional display advertising is that the former requires more time to be viewed. In contrast to a traditional display advertisement, a video advertisement has no influence over a user unless the user watches it for a certain amount of time. Previous studies have not considered the length of video advertisements, and time spent by users to watch them. Motivated by this observation, we formulate a new online optimization problem for optimizing the allocation of video advertisements, and we develop a nearly (1−1/e)competitive algorithm for finding an envy-free allocation of video advertisements.
A model for the local area of a data communication network objectives and hardware organization

This paper, together with its companions(1)(2) describes the experimental data communication network being implemented at the National Physical Laboratory. The purpose of the work is two-fold. Firstly, it will act as a model of the 'local area' network assumed, but never analysed in detail, in the NPL proposal for a possible National Data Communication System(3)(4)(5). Secondly, it will provide data communications between a wide variety of devices. These range from computers to teletypes and are spread over the 78 acres of the Laboratory site.
In vivo glucose sensing for diabetes management: progress towards non-invasive monitoring

A device for continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose concentration in people with diabetes has been a clinical and research priority for many years but now has an urgency which is probably unquestioned in diabetes care. The purpose of this article is to explain recent advances in technology that are bringing glucose sensors closer to routine use and to highlight some of the remaining problems. Important new technologies include artificial receptors for glucose, tissue fluid sampling techniques, and new approaches to non-invasive sensing, such as fluorescence lifetime measurements.
RHD Zygosity Determination from Whole Genome Sequencing Data

In the Rh blood group system, the RHD gene is bordered by two homologous DNA sequences called the upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes. The most common cause of the D− phenotype in people of European descent is a deletion of the RHD gene region, which results in a hybrid combination of the two Rhesus boxes. PCRbased testing can detect the presence or absence of the hybrid box to determine RHD zygosity. PCR hybrid box testing on fathers can stratify risk for haemolytic disease of the fetus and new born in mothers with anti-D antibodies. Red blood cells and genomic DNA were isolated from 37 individuals of European descent undergoing whole genome sequencing as part of the MedSeq Project. A whole genome sequence-based RHD sequence read depth analysis was used to determine RHD zygosity (homozygous, hemizygous, or null states) with 100% agreement (n=37) when compared to conventional RhD serology and PCR-based hybrid box assay.
Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Phosphorylation of Drp1 Regulates Its GTPase Activity and Mitochondrial Morphology*

Mitochondria in cells comprise a tubulovesicular reticulum shaped by dynamic fission and fusion events. The multimeric dynamin-like GTPase Drp1 is a critical protein mediating mitochondrial division. It harbors multiple motifs including GTP-binding, middle, and GTPase effector (GED) domains that are important for both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. As for other members of the dynamin superfamily, such interactions are critical for assembly of higher-order structures and cooperative increases in GTPase activity. Although the functions of Drp1 in cells have been extensively studied, mechanisms underlying its regulation remain less clear. Here, we have identified cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 within the GED domain at Ser637 that inhibits Drp1 GTPase activity. Mechanistically, this change in GTPase activity likely derives from decreased interaction of GTP-binding/middle domains with the GED domain since the phosphomimetic S637D mutation impairs this intramolecular interaction but not Drp1-Drp1 intermolecular interactions. Using the phosphomimetic S637D substitution, we also demonstrate that mitochondrial fission is prominently inhibited in cells. Thus, protein phosphorylation at Ser637 results in clear alterations in Drp1 function and mitochondrial morphology that are likely involved in dynamic regulation of mitochondrial division in cells.
Plastic THz band-pass filters and applications

We present a low cost fabrication method for THz filters utilising a metallic photonic-band gap structure on a plastic substrate. Measurements of the filters are made with a terahertz pulse spectrometer (TPS) and a THz monochromator in the 0.2-3 THz range and exhibit absorption band centered at frequencies of 0.72, 0.97 and 1.24 THz, with 3 dB bandwidths of less than 200 GHz. We further present some initial applications of the filters in TPS frequency calibration and explain how such filters can be used as an anti-counterfeiting product.
Fabry-Perot sensor based on two coupled microspheres for strain measurement

A Fabry-Perot based sensor with two coupled hollow microspheres is presented. The sensor was fabricated using fusion splicing techniques, enabling a low-cost, highly reproducible, production. The coupling of the two microspheres gives rise to a highly sensitive strain sensor, reaching a sensitivity of 4.07 pm/µε. The all-silica composition leads to a low thermal sensitivity, making the proposed structure suitable applications in environments with varying external conditions.
Automatically Generating Task-Oriented API Learning Guide

Learning and reusing open source API libraries remain a time consuming process due to the documentation quality and the knowledge gap between API providers and users. Some researchers and API providers have found that the development tasks would narrow the knowledge gap and meet the needs of busy developers. To our knowledge, there is no existing work to generating task oriented API documents. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach to generating task oriented API learning guide. The guide is organized by a hierarchical task list. We integrate the natural language processing techniques with an evidence-based filtering pipeline in our approach. We also employ a graph-based clustering procedure to generate a three-layer task list. Furthermore, we define the normal form of the task phrases as the metadata in our approach. The approach has been implemented as a tool, APITasks. We used it to generate the API documents for four libraries. In an empirical study, we evaluate the accuracy and completeness of our approach with the manually created benchmarks. The results affirm the capability of our approach.
Bilateral direct comparison of Josephson array voltage standards of the PTB (Germany) and PEL (Croatia): Draft B report for EUROMET.EM-S28

A comparison of the 10 V Josephson array voltage standard of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany, was made with that of the Primarni Elektromagnetski Laboratorij (PEL), Croatia, in April 2007. The results are in very good agreement and the measured overall relative combined standard uncertainty is better than 1 part in 1010. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm. org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by EURAMET, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).