Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo production of platelets from stem cells

Stem cell technology holds great promise for transfusion medicine, and generation of platelets from stem cells would be transformative. Platelet transfusions are life saving for millions of people and the clinical demand for platelets continues to increase: there is a real need to increase the supply of platelets. Accordingly, there is great interest in the potential of producing platelets from stem cells for clinical use. There has been initial success in ex vivo generation of platelets from stem cells using cord blood stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the platelet yields achieved by these strategies have not been sufficient for clinical purposes. This review provides updated information about the current strategies of ex vivo generation of platelets. Megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet generation, along with the importance of genetic determinants of these processes, are reviewed in the context of efforts to generate these products from stem cells. Current challenges and rate‐limiting steps in ex vivo platelet generation are discussed, together with strategies to overcome them. While much work remains, great progress has been made, moving ex vivo generation of platelets ever closer to the clinic.
Critical Power is Related to Cycling Time Trial Performance

The purpose of this study was to evaluate critical power (W(CP)) as an indicator of aerobic fitness in trained cyclists, and to determine its relationship to cycling time trial (TT) performance. Thirteen competitive USCF category 2 or 3 cyclists provided season's best 40 km TT times (mean [SD]) time = 59.6 min (3.1), and performed two 17 km TT under controlled conditions (26.6 min [1.1]). Ventilatory threshold (VT) and VO2max were determined from a maximal incremental test. W(CP) was calculated using the results of four all-out constant power tests. Mean W(CP) was 299 (61) W or 4.1 W x kg(-1), VT was 3616 (750) ml x min(-1) or 49.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (7.5), and VO2max was 4596 ml x min(-1) or 63.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (8.0). W(CP) was strongly related to VT and VO2max, demonstrating that it can serve as a measure of aerobic fitness in this population. Expressions of W(CP) were slightly to considerably more highly related to 17 km and 40 km TT performances (r = -0.77 to -0.91) than were expressions of VT and VO2max (r = -0.71 to -0.87). It is concluded that W(CP) provides an aerobic fitness measure for competitive cyclists which can be obtained without invasive testing. In addition, W(CP) is strongly related to the TT performance of competitive cyclists.
The Nematode Resistance Allele at the rhg1 Locus Alters the Proteome and Primary Metabolism of Soybean Roots1[C][W][OA]

Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), causes the most damaging chronic disease of soybean (Glycine max). Host resistance requires the resistance allele at rhg1. Resistance destroys the giant cells created in the plant's roots by the nematodes about 24 to 48 h after commencement of feeding. In addition, 4 to 8 d later, a systemic acquired resistance develops that discourages later infestations. The molecular mechanisms that control the rhg1-mediated resistance response appear to be multigenic and complex, as judged by transcript abundance changes, even in near isogenic lines (NILs). This study aimed to focus on key posttranscriptional changes by identifying proteins and metabolites that were increased in abundance in both resistant and susceptible NILs. Comparisons were made among NILs 10 d after SCN infestation and without SCN infestation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved more than 1,000 protein spots on each gel. Only 30 protein spots with a significant (P < 0.05) difference in abundance of 1.5-fold or more were found among the four treatments. The proteins in these spots were picked, trypsin digested, and analyzed using quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Protein identifications could be made for 24 of the 30 spots. Four spots contained two proteins, so that 28 distinct proteins were identified. The proteins were grouped into six functional categories. Metabolite analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 131 metabolites, among which 58 were altered by one or more treatment; 28 were involved in primary metabolism. Taken together, the data showed that 17 pathways were altered by the rhg1 alleles. Pathways altered were associated with systemic acquired resistance-like responses, including xenobiotic, phytoalexin, ascorbate, and inositol metabolism, as well as primary metabolisms like amino acid synthesis and glycolysis. The pathways impacted by the rhg1 allelic state and SCN infestation agreed with transcript abundance analyses but identified a smaller set of key proteins. Six of the proteins lay within the same small region of the interactome identifying a key set of 159 interacting proteins involved in transcriptional control, nuclear localization, and protein degradation. Finally, two proteins (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC 5.3.1.9] and isoflavone reductase [EC 1.3.1.45]) and two metabolites (maltose and an unknown) differed in resistant and susceptible NILs without SCN infestation and may form the basis of a new assay for the selection of resistance to SCN in soybean.
Anatomy of the entrepreneurial university

This article analyzes the evolution of the entrepreneurial university from a narrow focus on capturing the commercializable results of the ‘meandering stream of basic research’ to a broader interest in firm formation and regional economic development. No longer limited to schools like MIT, specialized for that purpose, entrepreneurial aspirations have spread to the academic mainstream. Academic involvement in (1) technology transfer, (2) firm formation and (3) regional development signifies the transition from a research to an entrepreneurial university as the academic ideal. As universities become entrepreneurial, tension arises between this new role and that of teaching and research as it has between research and teaching. Nevertheless, the university coheres as each of these new missions has fed back into and enhanced previous tasks.
On Queue-Aware Power Control in Interfering Wireless Links: Heavy Traffic Asymptotic Modelling and Application in QoS Provisioning

In this work, we address the problem of power allocation for interfering transmitter-receiver pairs so that the probability that each queue length exceeds a specified threshold is fixed at a desired value. One application is satisfying QoS requirements in a dense cellular network. We deal with this problem using heavy traffic approximation techniques which lead to an asymptotic model of a (controlled) stochastic differential equation. The proposed power control strategy consists of allocating most of the power according to the states of the channel and a smaller fraction according to the queue lengths, for which we find a closed-form expression. We first consider a scenario where all channel realizations and queue lengths are known instantaneously to every transmitter. Then, the algorithm is extended to the case where only local SINR feedback is available and when queue length information is shared with delays among the transmitters. These models and results are also extended to the case where the transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas. Finally, the applicability in practical system settings are discussed and simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Activates VEGFR-3 Expressed in Osteoblasts Inducing Their Differentiation*

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D is a member of the VEGF family of angiogenic growth factors that recognizes and activates the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-3 on blood and/or lymphatic vessels. We show that in the long bones of newborn mice, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 are expressed in the osteoblasts of the growing plate. The treatment of primary human osteoblasts with recombinant VEGF-D induces the expression of osteocalcin and the formation of mineralized nodules in a dose-dependent manner. A monoclonal neutralizing antibody, anti-VEGF-D, or silencing of VEGFR-3 by lentiviral-mediated expression of VEGFR-3 small hairpin RNA affects VEGF-D-dependent osteocalcin expression and nodule formation. Moreover, in primary human osteoblasts, VEGF-D expression is under the control of VEGF, and inhibition of VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 signaling, by monoclonal antibodies or VEGFR-3 silencing, affects VEGF-dependent osteoblast differentiation. These experiments establish that VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 signaling plays a critical role in osteoblast maturation and suggest that VEGF-D is a downstream effector of VEGF in osteogenesis.
Friendship Meeting or Blocking Circle? Identities in the Laminated Spaces of a Playground Conflict

Drawing from an incident that took place during a year-long investigation of children's play and peer culture on a school playground, the author argues that seemingly neutral child-centered techniques can maintain and even strengthen existing gender inequalities as teachers and children access laminated but contradictory identity positions surrounding agentic educational discourse. As children revisit the original conflict, they laminate time-spaces to discursively reconstruct events and position themselves advantageously. Critical discourse analysis problematizes the effects of a conflict resolution strategy based upon gendered notions of learner agency in a cultural model of teaching: developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). Although the focus of this article is a single event on one elementary school playground in the USA, the author suggest that the presence of the DAP cultural model internationally means that many early childhood teachers may experience similar ambiguity over gendered tensions that arise around issues of agency and authority as they attempt to resolve children's conflicts during play.
Effects of current on electromagnetic scattering signal from one dimensional sea surface

The emergence of sea surface current has a significant impact on electromagnetic (EM) backscattering signals. This may be one of important synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging mechanisms of ocean currents. Fractal sea surface ocean wave-current model is derived based on the mechanism of wave current interaction in this paper. A effective EM backscattering model of one dimensional drifting fractal sea surface is presented. numerical results show that both magnitude and direction of ocean current have effects on EM backscattering signals from one dimensional ocean wave-current coupled fractal sea surface. The existence of ocean currents which paralleling to the direction of wave can weaken EM backscattering signal intensity. EM backscattering signal intensity can be strengthened by ocean currents propagating in the opposing direction of wave.
Serial dependence promotes object stability during occlusion

Object identities somehow appear stable and continuous over time despite eye movements, disruptions in visibility, and constantly changing visual input. Recent results have demonstrated that the perception of orientation, numerosity, and facial identity is systematically biased (i.e., pulled) toward visual input from the recent past. The spatial region over which current orientations or face identities are pulled by previous orientations or identities, respectively, is known as the continuity field, which is temporally tuned over the past several seconds (Fischer & Whitney, 2014). This perceptual pull could contribute to the visual stability of objects over short time periods, but does it also address how perceptual stability occurs during visual discontinuities? Here, we tested whether the continuity field helps maintain perceived object identity during occlusion. Specifically, we found that the perception of an oriented Gabor that emerged from behind an occluder was significantly pulled toward the random (and unrelated) orientation of the Gabor that was seen entering the occluder. Importantly, this serial dependence was stronger for predictable, continuously moving trajectories, compared to unpredictable ones or static displacements. This result suggests that our visual system takes advantage of expectations about a stable world, helping to maintain perceived object continuity despite interrupted visibility.
Pre-Instructional Minitests: An Efficient Solution to the Problem of Covering Content

This article is aimed at achieving two purposes: (a) challenging the common and often unrecognized assumption that the only way to ensure that students are exposed to course concepts is by personally going over the material in class and (b) describing how minitests (i.e., individual test -+ group test -+ appeals -- instructor input) can be used to ensure that students master basic content in a fraction of the class time that would normally be devoted to lectures. Other benefits of minitests are also described. These include increased focus on higher-level thinking and problem-solving skills, development of students' interpersonal and group interaction skills, and providing students with experience as a member of an effective team.
Disaggregating the Motives Underlying Tiarnover Intentions: When Do Intentions Predict Thrnover Behavior?

Although intention to quit an organization represents one of the better predictors of actual turnover behavior, the intention-behavior relationship varies widely across studies. This study argues that one reason for the variability is that individuals possess different motives for stating a high intention of leaving, and it is the motive that accounts in part for when the intention will manifest itself in actual turnover. Using a longitudinal design, expectations were supported in that only those intentions motivated by disaffection with the organization and its values resulted in the loss of employees.
CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE STUDY OF EUROPEAN SOCIALIZATION

Socialization is an important concept in contemporary empirical studies on European integration and politics. However, the existing empirical research differs substantially in terms of research design, operationalization and measurement as well as analytical categories. Yet, despite these divergences, some relevant conclusions can be drawn from this somewhat disparate literature, conclusions which nuance the view of the European arena as a key socialization site. This essay offers a critical assessment of the socialization literature and aims to identify some fruitful avenues for future research. It argues that socialization research faces conceptual and methodological challenges with regard to process–product ambiguity, the notion of internalization and the temporal nature of socialization processes.
An approach to handle novel classes: Weighted Novel Class Detection algorithm

Many algorithms have been designed in the past that tackle the problem of concept drift in data streams. We present a new approach Weighted Novel Class Detection (WNCD), a diversified ensemble approach that combines the concepts of ensemble learning, instance weighting and diversity, for handling drifting concepts and detection of novel class instances. Based on the empirical results using various artificial and real time datasets, WNCD gives better performance as compared to the existing online approaches in handling concept drift and novelty detection.
Risk for Substance Abuse: Memory as a Common Etiological Pathway

Memory processes may be part of the causal chain by which known antecedents of alcohol and drug abuse influence drinking. Recent findings on alcohol expectancies are consistent with a memory model and help articulate how consumption may be influenced by memory representations of biological and environmental characteristics. This line of research suggests novel prevention and intervention strategies.
Modeling arousal phases in daily living using wearable sensors

In this work, we introduce methods for studying psychological arousal in naturalistic daily living. We present an activity-aware arousal phase modeling approach that incorporates the additional heart rate (AHR) algorithm to estimate arousal onsets (activations) in the presence of physical activity (PA). In particular, our method filters spurious PA-induced activations from AHR activations, e.g., caused by changes in body posture, using activity primitive patterns and their distributions. Furthermore, our approach includes algorithms for estimating arousal duration and intensity, which are key to arousal assessment. We analyzed the modeling procedure in a participant study with 180 h of unconstrained daily life recordings using a multimodal wearable system comprising two acceleration sensors, a heart rate monitor, and a belt computer. We show how participants' sensor-based arousal phase estimations can be evaluated in relation to daily activity and self-report information. For example, participant-specific arousal was frequently estimated during conversations and yielded highest intensities during office work. We believe that our activity-aware arousal modeling can be used to investigate personal arousal characteristics and introduce novel options for studying human behavior in daily living.
Cross-layer-based modeling for quality of service guarantees in mobile wireless networks

In this article we propose a cross-layer approach to investigate the impact of the physical-layer infrastructure on the data-link-layer QoS performance in mobile wireless networks. At the physical layer, we take the MIMO diversity schemes as well its AMC into account. At the data-link layer, our focus is on how this physical-layer infrastructure influences the real-time multimedia QoS provisioning performance such as delay-bound violation and buffer-overflow probabilities. To achieve this goal, we first model the physical-layer service process as a finite state Markov chain. Based on this FSMC model, we then characterize the QoS performance at the data-link layer using the effective capacity approach, which turns out to be critically important for the statistical QoS guarantees in mobile wireless networks. The numerical and simulation results obtained demonstrate that the proposed cross-layer model can efficiently characterize the interaction between the physical layer infrastructure and upper layer protocols' QoS provisioning performance.
Whitewashing Diversity

This article examines the relationship between conservative discourse, racial politics, and broadcasting policy in the United States. It explores how conservative media personalities, pundits, and activists in 2009 claimed that efforts to increase broadcast diversity were, in actuality, attempts by liberals to reinstate the Fairness Doctrine—a policy that had required broadcasters to air both sides of controversial issues—through “the backdoor. ” Reframing media diversity policies as masquerades to silence conservative voices, conservatives both denied the existence of barriers to participation for people of color and extended a narrative of conservative victimization. In contextualizing and analyzing the crusade against the “stealth Fairness Doctrine,” this article demonstrates how media policy discourse has operated as a site where conservative claims of injury occlude the continued existence of structural barriers to people of color and deny the importance of racial difference in the United States.
Active disturbance rejection control for human postural sway

A fundamental and open issue pertaining to human postural sway is how to deal with the uncertain, nonlinear and time-varying nature of human motor dynamics. To address the inherent limitations of the current methods, such as PID and model-based designs, a novel active disturbance rejection concept is introduced. In this new framework, the uncertainties, nonlinearities and changes in the dynamics of the plant are treated as disturbance to be rejected. A unique disturbance rejection observer is employed to estimate it and compensate for it in real time. It is shown that the resulting new controller yields excellent performance even with significant uncertainties in the plant dynamics. Furthermore, such design strategy requires very little prior knowledge of the plant.
Randomized phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome; NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boulder, CO) with a reference regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine (ABV) in advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective randomized phase III trial, 232 patients were randomized to receive DaunoXome 40 mg/m2 or a combination regimen of doxorubicin 10 mg/m2, bleomycin 15 U, and vincristine 1 mg, administered intravenously every 2 weeks. Treatment was continued until complete response (CR), disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Of 232 patients randomized, 227 were treated: 116 with DaunoXome and 111 with ABV. The overall response rate (CR or partial response [PR]) was 25% (three CRs and 26 PRs) for DaunoXome and 28% (one CR and 30 PRs) for ABV. The difference in response rates was not statistically significant. The median survival time was 369 days for DaunoXome patients and 342 days for ABV patients (P = .19). The median time to treatment failure was 115 days for DaunoXome and 99 days for ABV (P = .13). ABV patients experienced significantly more alopecia and neuropathy (P < .0001). DaunoXome patients experienced more grade 4 neutropenia (P = .021). Cardiac function remained stable, with no instances of congestive heart failure on either treatment arm. CONCLUSION In this large phase III trial, the efficacy of DaunoXome was comparable to that of ABV. Response rates, time to treatment failure, and overall survival were similar on both treatment arms. DaunoXome is a safe and effective primary therapy for advanced AIDS-related KS.
Isolated and Integrated form-focused instruction: Effects on different types of L2 knowledge

In this study we compared the effects of two types of form-focused instruction (FFI) on second language (L2) learning and their potential contributions to the development of different types of L2 knowledge. Both types of instruction were pre-emptive in nature, that is planned and teacher generated. In Integrated FFI attention to form was embedded within communicative practice; in Isolated FFI it was separated from communicative practice. Two groups of adult learners of English as a second language (ESL) received 12 hours of Integrated or Isolated FFI on the ‘passive’ construction. Learners’ progress on a written grammar test and an oral communication task indicated no significant differences between the instructional groups over time. However, some advantages were observed for Integrated FFI on the oral production task and for Isolated FFI on the written grammar test. The results are discussed in relation to instructed second language acquisition (SLA) research an transfer appropriate processing theory.