Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Suicidal Thoughts in Schools: Information and Education Directed at Secondary Schools

Objective: Current practice in Australia is to avoid discussing suicide or suicidal ideation directly with students in school suicide prevention programs. This paper examines why there is a strong argument to question this approach in the context of a continuing unacceptable rate of youth suicide in this country. Methods: A review of the literature that informs the debate was conducted. Using an action research methodology, a more direct intervention approach was taken based on the use of the ‘Toughin’ it out’ pamphlet. Results: A misrepresentation of the evidence surrounding school-based suicide intervention programs in Australia has made educators and guidance officers wary of being more direct with suicide prevention programs. The experience of several practitioners in northern Australia suggests that it is highly beneficial to engage students in discussions about suicide and how to deal with suicidal thoughts. Their impression is that this has led to a lessening of suicide attempts in high-risk situations and there has been no evidence of any adverse outcome. Conclusion: The ongoing tragedy of Indigenous adolescent suicide in Australia demands that all possible interventions should be considered. Taking a more direct approach to school suicide prevention and life-promoting programs using the brief intervention tool, the ‘Toughin’ it out’ pamphlet, appeared to be associated with a positive impact on suicide in high-risk secondary schools in northern Australia. The positive experience in northern Australia would support a similar approach being considered in school programs nationally.
Targeting RSK2 in human malignancies

Importance of the field: p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) belongs to a Ser/Thr kinase family containing four members, RSK1 – 4, which play an essential role in a number of cellular functions including cell cycle, survival and proliferation. Recent advances reveal a crucial role of RSK2 in oncogenesis and tumor progression, making RSK2 an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Area covered in this review: Recent findings identifying the role of RSK2 in human cancers, including hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors. Therapeutic implications of targeting RSK2 are also discussed with regard to clinical circumstance. What the reader will gain: A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying RSK2 activation and its contribution to human cancers and also insight into the development of novel targeted cancer therapy. Take home message: The significance of RSK2 in cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion and tumor metastasis varies amongst human malignancies and depends on the signaling properties of the oncogenes and cellular microenvironment of the transformed cells. Thus, further exploitation of RSK2 signaling and its dynamic interaction with other crucial oncogenic and pro-metastatic pathways in different human malignancies is needed for more effective therapeutic interventions.
Multi‐scale finite element modeling of Eustachian tube function: influence of mucosal adhesion

The inability to open the collapsible Eustachian tube (ET) leads to the development of chronic Otitis Media (OM). Although mucosal inflammation during OM leads to increased mucin gene expression and elevated adhesion forces within the ET lumen, it is not known how changes in mucosal adhesion alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. In this study, we developed a novel multi‐scale finite element model of ET function in adults that utilizes adhesion spring elements to simulate changes in mucosal adhesion. Models were created for six adult subjects, and dynamic patterns in muscle contraction were used to simulate the wave‐like opening of the ET that occurs during swallowing. Results indicate that ET opening is highly sensitive to the level of mucosal adhesion and that exceeding a critical value of adhesion leads to rapid ET dysfunction. Parameter variation studies and sensitivity analysis indicate that increased mucosal adhesion alters the relative importance of several tissue biomechanical properties. For example, increases in mucosal adhesion reduced the sensitivity of ET function to tensor veli palatini muscle forces but did not alter the insensitivity of ET function to levator veli palatini muscle forces. Interestingly, although changes in cartilage stiffness did not significantly influence ET opening under low adhesion conditions, ET opening was highly sensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness under high adhesion conditions. Therefore, our multi‐scale computational models indicate that changes in mucosal adhesion as would occur during inflammatory OM alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
highlighted topics Functional Genomics of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Selected Contribution: Inﬂuence of genioglossus tonic activity on upper airway dynamics assessed by phrenic nerve stimulation

of genioglossus tonic activity on upper airway dynamics assessed by phrenic nerve stimulation. J Appl Physiol 92: 418–423, 2002. —Upper airway (UA) dynamics can be eval-uated during wakefulness by using electrical phrenic nerve stimulation (EPNS) applied at end-expiration during exclu-sive nasal breathing by dissociating twitch ﬂow and phasic activation of UA muscles. This technique can be used to quantify the inﬂuence of nonphasic electromyographic (EMG) activity on UA dynamics. UA dynamics was charac-terized by using EPNS when increasing tonic EMG activity with CO 2 stimulation in six normal awake subjects. Instan- taneous ﬂow, esophageal and nasopharyngeal pressures, and genioglossal EMG activity were recorded during EPNS at baseline and during CO 2 ventilatory stimulation. The pro- portion of twitches presenting an inspiratory-ﬂow limitation pattern decreased from 100% at baseline to 78.7 6 21.4% ( P 5 10 2 4 ) during CO 2 rebreathing. During CO 2 stimuli, maximal inspiratory twitch ﬂow (V˙ I max ) of ﬂow-limited twitches signiﬁcantly rose, with the driving pressure at which ﬂow limitation occurred being more negative. For the group as a whole, the increase in V ˙ I max and the decrease in pressure were signiﬁcantly correlated with the rise in end-expiratory EMG activity. UA stability assessed by EPNS is dramatically modiﬁed during CO 2 ventilatory stimulation. Changes in tonic genioglossus EMG activity signiﬁcantly contribute to the improvement in UA stability.
Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G5 in septic shock: Marked and persisting elevation as a predictor of survival

Objective:Although it is established that septic shock induces immunosuppression, the mechanisms for this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Human leukocyte antigen-G exerts strong inhibitory effects that are directed at different arms of the immune system. The main objective of the current study was to measure human leukocyte antigen-G (soluble and membrane proteins) in septic shock. Design:Observational study. Setting:Adult intensive care units in a university hospital. Patients:Sixty-four consecutive patients with septic shock (7 days of follow-up). Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We measured plasma human leukocyte antigen-G5 (with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and human leukocyte antigen-G1 (with flow cytometry) expression on circulating leukocytes. As early as days 1–2 after the onset of shock, we observed a marked elevation of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G5 in patients: 60 ng/mL (34–146) as median (Q1–Q3) (reference values <5 ng/mL). This increase was stable over time. Most important, we also found at days 1–2 a significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors: 109 ng/mL (43–183) vs. 37 ng/mL (19–61), respectively (p = .003). This difference remained significant until day 7. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that human leukocyte antigen-G5 was a good predictor of outcome (areas under curves: 0.76 and 0.84 at days 1–2 and days 3–4, respectively, p < .001). Adjusted logistic regression analysis suggested that human leukocyte antigen-G5 at days 3–5 was a better prognostic marker than decreased monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR and/or severity score. Conclusions:The present results show a marked elevation of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G5 protein during septic shock. We may hypothesize that given its potent inhibitory properties and its association with survival, human leukocyte antigen-G5 has an important role in the numerous negative feedback signals that limit the process of inflammation during septic shock.
Memory Maintenance during Sleep : a Neural Network Model

Simulations using a neural network model of the thalamocortical loop were performed. The simulations were to show whether random stimulation of the model could account for maintenance of neuronal assemblies (self-repair). Three simulations were done: (a) self-repair with continuous stimulation, (b) self-repair with 40 Hz frequency stimulation, and (c) self-repair with 60 Hz frequency stimulation. The results indicate that simulations (b) and (c) are better at maintaining neuronal assemblies than simulation (a). This result may be extended to the brain, suggesting that 40-60 Hz oscillations in the brain activate memory representations and thus maintain memory. The results also indicate that further studies to the exact mechanism of self-repair have to be done. Due to constrains on model size and simulation time the results regarding the self-repair mechanism used in these simulations remain inconclusive.
DNA-sequence determination of exon 2 of a novel HLA-DPB1 allele, HLA-DPB1*0403

Sequence determination using HLA-DPB1 allele-specific primers for a DNA sample donated by an African–American individual revealed the presence of a novel haplotype. This new allele was found as a heterozygote together with HLA-DPB1*0402. The new allele was similar to HLA-DPB1*1601, however, it varied in two single nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in alanine residues at positions 55 and 56 of the mature protein rather than aspartic acid and glutamic acid, respectively. Allele-specific DNA-sequence determination was verified by sequence determination in forward and reverse directions after cloning in pCR2.1. This cloning strategy resulted in DNA products representing 19 clones confirming the novel allele (GenBank accession number AY823995 and is now listed in the IMGT/HLA database as HLA-DPB1*0403) and 17 clones representing HLA-DPB1*0402.
Multivariate charting techniques: a review and a line‐column approach

The primary objective of multivariate statistical process control is to monitor the related process quality characteristics over time and identify the assignable causes affecting the process using multivariate control charts. When an out‐of‐control signal is obtained from the chart, it is imperative to be able to detect the component variables that have gone out‐of‐control. In this paper we propose a new charting procedure for T2, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average and multivariate cumulative sum control charts. The proposed charts will facilitate in identification of the source of out‐of‐control signal and are simple, economical and easier to implement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operation Orderly - Prevalence and Degree of Distress Among Military Personnel Following Their Ambulance Experiences in London District

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and degree of distress among military personnel following their experiences during Operation Orderly in London District. A questionnaire was distributed at the end of the deployment which inquired about distressing experiences. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were included to provide an objective measure of the distress. Thirty two per cent of respondents admitted to distressing experiences, of these a subgroup (20.5%) who were more severely distressed welcomed the opportunity to discuss their experiences.
Automatic building detection with feature space fusion using ensemble learning

This paper proposes a novel approach to building detection problem in satellite images. The proposed method employs a two layer hierarchical classification mechanism for ensemble learning. After an initial segmentation, each segment is classified by N different classifiers using different features at the first layer. The class membership values of the segments, which are obtained from different base layer classifiers, are ensembled to form a new fusion space, which forms a linearly separable simplex. Then, this simplex is partitioned by a linear classifier at the meta layer. The paper presents the performance results of the proposed model and comparisons with the state of the art classifiers.
Reference Limits of Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B Using an IFCC Standardized Immunonephelometric Method

An important collaborative study organized by the IFCC enabled the selection of international reference materials and the standardization of commercially available methods by the use of common calibrators. In this paper, we report the reference limits of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B in a selected healthy French population. The apolipoprotein measurements were performed on BNA Behring using reagents and protocols supplied by the manufacturer: the standard sera were calibrated using the IFCC-WHO reference preparations (SP1 and SP3). In addition, the apolipoprotein B protocol was modified by the addition of a supplementary reagent to reduce the interference by lipaemic samples on immunonephelometric measurement. In a sample of 115 random serum samples, there was a decrease in mean concentration between non-standardized and standardized methods: -4.8% for apolipoprotein A-I and -4.7% for apolipoprotein B. The reference limits for apolipoprotein A-I are unaffected by gender between 4 and 14 years, thereafter vary with age and gender until 40 years and with gender alone between 40 and 60 years. For apolipoprotein B, the variation with gender is only significant between 30 and 49 years.
Bioflavonoids attenuate renal proximal tubular cell injury during cold preservation in Euro-Collins and University of Wisconsin solutions.

BACKGROUND Cold ischemia and reperfusion during kidney transplantation are associated with release of free oxygen radicals and damage of renal tubular cells. Bioflavonoids may diminish cold storage-induced injury due to antioxidant and iron chelating activities. This study was designed to delineate the renoprotective mechanisms of bioflavonoids and to define the structural features conferring cytoprotection from cold injury. METHODS LLC-PK1 cells were preincubated for three hours with bioflavonoids and cold stored in University of Wisconsin (UW)- or Euro-Collins (EC)-solution for 20 hours. After rewarming, cell viability was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MTT-test, and amino acid transport activity. Lipid peroxidation was assessed from the generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. RESULTS Twenty-hours of cold storage of LLC-PK1 cells resulted in a substantial loss of cell integrity that was more pronounced in the EC (LDH release, 93.6 +/- 1.6%) than the UW solution (67.2 +/- 6.9%; P < 0.0001). Pretreatment with quercetin significantly enhanced cell survival (LDH release, 5.4 +/- 2.7% for UW and 8.4 +/- 4.2% for EC) in a concentration dependent manner. Structure-activity studies revealed similar renoprotection for kaempferol, luteolin and fisetin, unlike myricetin, morin, apigenin, naringenin, catechin, silibinin and rutin. Lipid peroxidation was reduced (UW alone, 2.7 +/- 1.2 vs. UW+quercetin 0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01), and l-threonine uptake completely sustained by pretreatment with quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and fisetin. However, renoprotection by fisetin was rapidly lost during rewarming. Protective properties of bioflavonoids were governed by the number and arrangement of hydroxyl substitutes, electron-delocalization, sterical planarity, and lipophilicity of the basic diphenylpyran skeleton. CONCLUSION Cold storage-induced renal tubular cell injury is ameliorated by bioflavonoids. Renoprotective effects of bioflavonoids are defined by structure, suggesting that flavonoids are incorporated into membrane lipid bilayers and interfere with membrane lipid peroxidation.
The efficacy and cost–effectiveness of valacyclovir in cytomegalovirus prevention in solid organ transplantation

Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection using antiviral prophylaxis or the pre-emptive therapy approach is an integral part of management of patients after solid organ transplantation. Regarding renal transplantation, valacyclovir is currently the only antiviral agent recommended for prophylaxis as an alternative to valganciclovir. This review article discusses studies documenting the efficacy and safety of valacyclovir prophylaxis as well as those comparing valacyclovir with other prophylactic regimens or with pre-emptive therapy. Also addressed are the economic aspects supporting the cost–effectiveness of valacyclovir prophylaxis and demonstrating lower costs compared with other cytomegalovirus preventive strategies.
Gender-specific usage of intramyocellular lipids and glycogen during exercise.

PURPOSE Gender-specific differences in substrate utilization during exercise have been reported, typically such that women rely more on fat than men. This study investigated whether gender differences exist in the utilization of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and glycogen. METHODS IMCL and glycogen, as well as total fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation were measured in nine males and nine females before, during, and after an endurance exercise. The trained subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 50% maximal workload for 3 h. IMCL and glycogen were determined in the thigh by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Oxygen uptake (VO(2)) and carbon dioxide production were determined by open circuit spirometry to calculate total fat and CHO oxidation. Relative power output, percent of maximum heart rate, VO(2peak), and respiratory exchange ratio were the same. RESULTS Average fat oxidation was the same, whereas CHO oxidation was significantly higher in males compared with females. The relative contribution of these fuels to total energy used were similar in males and females. Males and females depleted IMCL and glycogen significantly (P < 0.001) during the 3-h exercise. IMCL levels at rest (P < 0.05) and its depletion during exercise (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in males compared with females, whereas glycogen was stored and used in the same range by both genders. CONCLUSION During this 3-h exercise, energy supplies from fat and CHO were similar in both genders, and males as well as females reduced their IMCL stores significantly. The larger contribution of IMCL during exercise in males compared with females could either be a result of gender-specific substrate selection, or different long-term training habit.
Particle swarm based optimization algorithm for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic (PV) systems

This paper sets forth a particle swarm based optimization algorithm aiding the maximum power tracking technique in PV systems which have to continuously deliver the maximum power to the load under various types of environmental conditions. Also, conventional perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm fails to trace global maximum power point (GMPP), while particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm tracks it efficiently. The proposed algorithm is verified using simulation results based on a 240 W photovoltaic system consisting of two KYOCERA KC 120 panels of 120W each connected in series. Finally, the PSO is contrasted with the P&O algorithm to determine its effectiveness in tracking GMPP.
Restoration of Gait for Spinal Cord Injury Patients Using HAL With Intention Estimator for Preferable Swing Speed

This paper proposes a novel gait intention estimator for an exoskeleton-wearer who needs gait support owing to walking impairment. The gait intention estimator not only detects the intention related to the start of the swing leg based on the behavior of the center of ground reaction force (CoGRF), but also infers the swing speed depending on the walking velocity. The preliminary experiments categorized into two stages were performed on a mannequin equipped with the exoskeleton robot [Hybrid Assistive Limb: (HAL)] including the proposed estimator. The first experiment verified that the gait support system allowed the mannequin to walk properly and safely. In the second experiment, we confirmed the differences in gait characteristics attributed to the presence or absence of the proposed swing speed profile. As a feasibility study, we evaluated the walking capability of a severe spinal cord injury patient supported by the system during a 10-m walk test. The results showed that the system enabled the patient to accomplish a symmetrical walk from both spatial and temporal standpoints while adjusting the speed of the swing leg. Furthermore, the critical differences of gait between our system and a knee-ankle-foot orthosis were obtained from the CoGRF distribution and the walking time. Through the tests, we demonstrated the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the gait support algorithms.
Research on a methodology to model speech emotion

The research is conducted to develop a methodology to model the emotional contents of speech as a linear function of time and speech features. In this study, emotional type is coming from six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise). However, in the application is not defined as a simple word, is quantified using the dimensions valence and arousal, and the value of valance or arousal is expressed as some interval. Results demonstrate that the model is more excellent than others.
Cloud‐resolving model intercomparison of an MC3E squall line case: Part I—Convective updrafts

An intercomparison study of a midlatitude mesoscale squall line is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 1 km horizontal grid spacing with eight different cloud microphysics schemes to investigate processes that contribute to the large variability in simulated cloud and precipitation properties. All simulations tend to produce a wider area of high radar reflectivity (Ze > 45 dBZ) than observed but a much narrower stratiform area. The magnitude of the virtual potential temperature drop associated with the gust front passage is similar in simulations and observations, while the pressure rise and peak wind speed are smaller than observed, possibly suggesting that simulated cold pools are shallower than observed. Most of the microphysics schemes overestimate vertical velocity and Ze in convective updrafts as compared with observational retrievals. Simulated precipitation rates and updraft velocities have significant variability across the eight schemes, even in this strongly dynamically driven system. Differences in simulated updraft velocity correlate well with differences in simulated buoyancy and low‐level vertical perturbation pressure gradient, which appears related to cold pool intensity that is controlled by the evaporation rate. Simulations with stronger updrafts have a more optimal convective state, with stronger cold pools, ambient low‐level vertical wind shear, and rear‐inflow jets. Updraft velocity variability between schemes is mainly controlled by differences in simulated ice‐related processes, which impact the overall latent heating rate, whereas surface rainfall variability increases in no‐ice simulations mainly because of scheme differences in collision‐coalescence parameterizations.