Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study of Location Truncation on Android

—Location-based apps are popular on Android, but they raise a number of privacy concerns. In this paper, we empirically study how one popular location-privacy enhancing technique, location truncation, affects app utility. That is, we try to answer the question: How much can we truncate the location information given to an app while still preserving the app’s usability? To this end, we developed CloakDroid, a tool that can apply a user-speciﬁed amount of location truncation to an arbitrary Android app. We then surveyed a large set of apps from Google Play and found that many apps use location to generate lists of nearby objects. For this category of apps, we developed three metrics of the usability of an app’s output list before and after location truncation: Edit distance between the lists; set intersection size, treating the two lists as sets; and the additional distance incurred to go to the ﬁrst (closest) entry on the list. Finally, we used CloakDroid to conduct experiments to compute these metrics for six apps across a range of locations (in cities varying in population from 6,000 to 8.2 million) and truncations (from 0.1 km to 50 km). We found that the amount to which an app’s location could be truncated mainly depends on the density of objects being measured by the app, and that most apps can have their inputs truncated to between 5 km and 20 km without signiﬁcantly degrading app utility.
Motion retrieval using Isomap

In this paper, we propose a new learning method in human motion data analysis. We use Isomap algorithm to reduce high dimensionality of motion's features data. And Support Vector Machine (SVM) for clustering and handling new data. Then data driven decision trees based on multiple instance are automatically constructed to reflect the influence of each point during the comparison of motion similarity. The experimental results show that algorithm is effective.
Handbook of Social Intervention

What choices face middle managers when corporations engage in illegal behaviour? How do they balance pressures from top management against moral concerns? What happens to them when they must decide whether or not to report illegal practices to the government? Clinard examines these important questions in a fascinating book based on detailed interviews with retired middle managers from a number of large (Fortune 500) corporations. 'The book is organized well and highly readable.should inspire considerable theory and research in the future. ' -- Choice, January 1984 'Clinard's book is an important contribution to our understanding of corporate deviance and its control. It merits the attention of an interdisciplinary readership, not least of all those criminologists concerned with organizational deviance of any kind -- whether private or public sector. ' -- The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology '. Clinard has made another unique contribution to the growing literature on coporate crime by examining, for the first time the views of middle management. ' -- The Annals, July 1984
Knowledge integration and competitiveness: a longitudinal study of an industry cluster

Purpose – This paper aims to examine how – and whether – members of an industry cluster share knowledge through networking as a means to improving competitive advantage and, in particular, whether trust is present in the knowledge‐sharing process.Design/methodology/approach – The research involved three surveys utilizing a relationship marketing orientation (RMO) that were conducted at intervals (in 2004, 2008 and 2010) in addition to interviews with key cluster members, which were also conducted over a seven‐year period.Findings – Knowledge sharing and integration were found to mediate the relationship between RMO and competitive advantage in 2004 and 2010 but not in 2008. Lower mean scores for trust were also found in 2008.Research limitations/ implications – The limitations are that the respondent numbers were small. It is recommended that one more survey is conducted in 2013 to determine whether the interventions reported here, the recruitment of new cluster staff and the continuing growth of the clus.
Optimizing Average Precision Using Weakly Supervised Data

The performance of binary classification tasks, such as action classification and object detection, is often measured in terms of the average precision (AP). Yet it is common practice in computer vision to employ the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which optimizes a surrogate 0-1 loss. The popularity of SVM can be attributed to its empirical performance. Specifically, in fully supervised settings, SVM tends to provide similar accuracy to the AP-SVM classifier, which directly optimizes an AP-based loss. However, we hypothesize that in the significantly more challenging and practically useful setting of weakly supervised learning, it becomes crucial to optimize the right accuracy measure. In order to test this hypothesis, we propose a novel latent AP-SVM that minimizes a carefully designed upper bound on the AP-based loss function over weakly supervised samples. Using publicly available datasets, we demonstrate the advantage of our approach over standard loss-based binary classifiers on two challenging problems: action classification and character recognition.
Food through the child's eye: An eye-tracking study on attentional bias for food in healthy-weight children and children with obesity.

OBJECTIVE Obesity prevalence among children is high and knowledge on cognitive factors that contribute to children's reactivity to the "obesogenic" food environment could help to design effective treatment and prevention campaigns. Empirical studies in adults suggest that attention bias for food could be a risk factor for overeating. Accordingly, the current study tested if children with obesity have an elevated attention bias for food when compared to healthy-weight children. Another aim was to explore whether attention biases for food predicted weight-change after 3 and 6 months in obese children. METHOD Obese children (n = 34) were recruited from an intervention program and tested prior to the start of this intervention. Healthy-weight children (n = 36) were recruited from local schools. First, attention biases for food were compared between children with obesity (n = 30) and matched healthy-weight children (n = 30). Second, regression analyses were conducted to test if food-related attention biases predicted weight changes after 3 and 6 months in children with obesity following a weight loss lifestyle intervention. RESULTS Results showed that obese children did not differ from healthy-weight children in their attention bias to food. Yet automatically directing attention toward food (i.e., initial orientation bias) was related to a reduced weight loss (R² = .14, p = .032) after 6 months in children with obesity. DISCUSSION High palatable food is a salient stimulus for all children, irrespective of their weight status. However, automatically directing attention to food cues might facilitate further weight gain in children with obesity.
Implicit user profiling for on demand relevance feedback

In the area of information retrieval and information filtering, relevance feedback is a popular technique which searches similar documents based on the documents browsed by the user. If the user wants to conduct relevance feedback on demand, which means the user wants to see similar documents while reading a document, the existing user profiling techniques cannot acquire keywords in high precision that the user is interested in at such a short time. This paper proposes a method for extracting text parts which the user might be interested in from the whole text of the Web page based on the user's mouse operation in the Web browser. The objective of this research is to (1) find what kind of mouse operation represent users' interests, (2) see the effectiveness of the found mouse operation in selecting keywords, and (3) compare our method with tf-idf, which is the most fundamental method used in many user profiling systems. From the user experiment, the precision to select keywords of our method is about 1.4 times compared with that of tf-idf.
Applying a Mobilities Paradigm to a Return to Social Work Programme

This paper is located in the theoretical debates of late modernism: it explores the tensions inherent in the delivery of standardised, validated and carefully planned social work education programmes within the context of late modern societies. Preparing social workers to address dynamic policy changes, fluctuating resources and changing service demands and the needs of service-users in areas with shifting populations, provides a challenge to social work educators. The design and delivery of a refresher programme for previously qualified social workers is used to illustrate the ways in which the tension between static teaching programmes and fluid demands for social work services were accommodated.
A Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Sustained PTSD Symptoms Among Women Reporting Abuse

Abstract Background: Nationally and worldwide, 30% or more of women are likely to have experienced intimate partner violence. Maternal mental health symptoms predict child function. When mothers have sustained posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their children at are risk for growth and developmental delays and poor behavioral outcomes that may adversely affect the course of their lives. While many who experience trauma will recover without intervention, a significant proportion will experience PTSD, with negative consequences for their personal lives and the lives of their families. Early identification of those at high risk for PTSD symptoms will support early interventions to prevent PTSD and its negative consequences. Methods: This paper describes the development of a tool that can predict PTSD symptoms at 8 months in mothers who are primarily of low socioeconomic status and primarily members of underrepresented groups. The tool consists of four key measures. Conclusions: Using this tool to identify mothers at high risk for sustained PTSD and entering them into early intervention programs may protect mothers and their children from negative outcomes and promote their health and wellbeing.
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF A DYNAMIC ROTATION-SPECIFIC WARM-UP ON X-FACTOR AND X-FACTOR STRETCH IN THE AMATEUR GOLFER.

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests performing a warm-up prior to golf can improve performance and reduce injuries. While some characteristics of effective golf warm-ups have been determined, no studies have explored the immediate effects of a rotational-specific warm-up with elements of motor control on the biomechanical aspects of the full X-Factor and X-Factor Stretch during the golf swing. METHODS Thirty-six amateur golfers (mean ± SD age: 64 ± 8 years old; 75% male) were randomized into a Dynamic Rotation-Specific Warm-up group (n=20), or a Sham Warm-up group (n=16). X-Factor and X-Factor Stretch were measured at baseline and immediately following the warm-up. Mixed model ANCOVAs were used to determine if a Group*Time interaction existed for each variable with group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variable. RESULTS The mixed model ANCOVAs did not reveal a statistically significant group*time interaction for X-Factor or X-Factor Stretch. There was not a significant main effect for time for X-Factor but there was for X-Factor Stretch. These results indicate that neither group had a significant effect on improving X-Factor, however performing either warm-up increased X-Factor Stretch without significant difference between the two. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that performing the Dynamic Rotation-Specific Warm-up did not increase X-Factor or X-Factor Stretch when controlled for age compared to the Sham Warm-up. Further study is needed to determine the long-term effects of the Dynamic Rotation-Specific Warm-up on performance factors of the golf swing while examining across all ages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
Iraq's Dysfunctional Democracy

nations of fascism in the 1960s typically focused, of course, on analyses of economic sociology, social structure, and political economy: it is from these sociological frameworks that the dominant focus on class structures arose. As class has lost importance as a unit of analysis, however, the sociological imperative has also acquired a somewhat reduced purchase, and it has been replaced by a diffuse brand of cultural anthropology, whose explanatory status (as mentioned) is neither fully articulated nor persuasively justified. The abandonment of explanatory sociological methods appears between the lines of this volume as a great weakness in contemporary research on fascism. Indeed, the volume – for all its particular merits – is marked by striking sociological vacuity, and it cries out for a renewed sociological reconstruction of fascist politics: that is, for a line of sociological interpretation that is able to incorporate detailed analyses and cultural phenomena within a synthetic explanatory matrix, yet that also considers fascism from a standpoint that is not fully determined by principles of class motivation. Notably, one representative of the older generation of fascism scholars, Adrian Lyttelton, reflects tellingly in this volume that a ‘new sociological approach’ to fascism, studying ‘the reception and conditioning of fascism in its host societies’ would be of benefit (p. 277). This reviewer agrees strongly with this sentiment. An approach of this kind might – in equal measure – involve a rejection of both class and culture as dominant units of analysis. It might instead focus on the integrative strength of institutions, the potency of legal order, the construction of rights, and the objective differentiation of society as a whole as prisms for examining the structural propensity of societies to convert to fascism and sustain fascist governments. The quest for a new sociological paradigm is implied in many parts of this book. However, the book also makes clear that this paradigm has not yet been discovered.
Intercellular Communications within the rat anterior pituitary. XIII: An immunohistochmical and physiological study of the anterior pituitary gland of the rat

Since the first report of folliculo-stellate cells as corticotrophs by Farquhar [1], their histological characteristics have been investigated by many researchers. However, the physiological significance of folliculo-stellate cells has not been clearly elucidated so far. The present study is designed to investigate the function of folliculo-stellate cells, particularly focusing on their responses to LH-RH. Changes in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) were measured from folliculo-stellate cells in the “transitional zone” of the anterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary glands were removed from 7 weeks old male Wistar rats weighing 250 - 300 g. One group was used for immunohistochemical study to detect the distribution of S- 100 protein and LH-RH protein, and the other group was employed for electron microscopic examination. The remaining tissues were used for Ca measurements. Under Nomarski optics, areas of cells which corresponded to either granular cells or agranular, folliculo-stellate cells were marked. Changes in [Ca2+]i from selected areas were then measured using fura-2 loaded preparations. Bath-applied LH-RH (100 μg/ml) caused transient increases in [Ca2+]i which were followed by sustained increase in [Ca2+]i either with or without Ca oscillations. These results demonstrated that not only granular but also agranular folliculo-stellate cells, may be capable of responding to LH-RH by increasing [Ca2+]i, and thus intracellular Ca may play an important role in regulating the function of folliculo-stellate cells upon LH-RH stimulation. We hypothesize that the LH-RH message from the brain entered the anterior lobe via the “transitional zone” and then spread throughout the gland mediated via by a network system of folliculo-stellate cells as well as the portal vascular system.
Electric load monitoring of residential buildings using goodness of fit and multi-layer perceptron neural networks

Nonintrusive appliance load Non-intrusive load monitoring is an emerging signal processing and analysis technology that aims to identify individual appliance in residential or commercial buildings or to diagnose shipboard electro-mechanical systems through continuous monitoring of the change of On and Off status of various loads . The goal of the NIALM system is to identify and track instances when appliance in a building is turned on and off. This is achieved by collecting electric power data measure live from the service entry point of a building; disaggregate it and extracting unique features of the signal that can be used to identify appliances in the building. The NIALM provides a relatively cheap and efficient way to monitor appliances without invading the home or disrupting the normal configuration of the household appliances. To better plan for our current and future energy needs, it is important for us to know how each of our electrical appliance is been utilized. This information would help facility managers to better manage and distribute power; appliance producer to design and produce more energy efficient appliances; and also home owners/building managers understand each appliance, utilization and energy consumption which would help in decision making.
Optimal Monetary Policy and Firm Entry Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability

This paper characterises optimal monetary policy in an economy with endogenous rm entry, a cash-in-advance constraint and preset wages. Firms must make pro ts to cover entry costs; thus the markup on goods prices is e¢cient. However, because leisure is not priced at a markup, the consumption-leisure tradeo¤ is distorted. Consequently, the real wage, hours and production are suboptimally low. Due to the labour requirement in entry, insu¢cient labour supply also implies that entry is too low. The paper shows that in the absence of scal instruments such as labour income subsidies, the optimal monetary policy under sticky wages achieves higher welfare than under exible wages. The policy maker uses the money supply instrument to raise the real wage the cost of leisure above its exible-wage level, in response to expansionary shocks to productivity and entry costs. This raises labour supply, expanding production and rm entry. Keywords: entry; optimal monetary policy, sticky wages JEL classi cation: E52, E63 Thanks to Florin Bilbiie, Martina Cecioni, Sanjay Chugh, Maarten Dossche, Pedro Teles, Alex Wolman, Raf Wouters and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. All errors are mine. Postdoctoral Fellow of the Fund for Scienti c Research Flanders (FWO). Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (Department of Money and Macroeconomics), Goethe University Frankfurt, House of Finance, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, vivien.lewis@ugent.be, http://sites.google. com/site/vivienjlewis, tel. : +49 69 798 34034, fax: + 49 69 798 34502.
Urinary enterolactone is associated with obesity and metabolic alteration in men in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–10

Phyto-oestrogens are a family of plant-derived xeno-oestrogens that have been shown to prevent cancer in some studies. Whether phyto-oestrogen intake affects obesity status in a population is still unclear. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the association of urinary phyto-oestrogen metabolites with obesity and metabolic parameters in children and adults. Data from 1294 children (age 6–19 years) and from 3661 adults (age ≥ 20 years) who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–10 were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the associations of BMI, waist circumference, serum metabolites (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, fasting glucose and fasting insulin) and the metabolic syndrome with urinary phyto-oestrogen levels. When stratified by age and sex, we found a stronger association (OR 0·30, 95 % CI 0·17, 0·54; P< 0·001) between urinary enterolactone levels and obesity in adult males (age 20–60 years) than in children (age 12–19 years) or the elderly (age >60 years) in the same survey. However, no associations with urinary daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol or genistein were found in the overall population. We also found that the elevation of enterolactone levels was inversely associated with TAG levels, fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin levels and the metabolic syndrome in males aged 20–60 years, but positively associated with HDL-cholesterol levels. The present results provide epidemiological evidence that urinary enterolactone is inversely associated with obesity in adult males.
Exploring the world through grasping: a developmental approach

This paper is about the implementation of grasping skills in a humanoid robot. Following a developmental approach, the robot is initially equipped with little perceptual and motor competencies whose role is to bootstrap learning through the exploration of the external environment. This crude form of sensorimotor coordination consists of a set of control systems and explorative behaviors as well as simple visual routines. The developmental path leads the robot from the exploration of the physics and geometry of its body to the probing of the external environment. The robot experience builds and modifies continuously its internal representations of the environment, being this, its body or the objects it encounters. We discuss the implications of our approach to the study of cognition and our effort to build a cognitive artificial system.
The PELA Architecture: Integrating Planning and Learning to Improve Execution

Building architectures for autonomous rational behavior requires the integration of several AI components, such as planning, learning and execution monitoring. In most cases, the techniques used for planning and learning are tailored to the specific integrated architecture, so they could not be replaced by other equivalent techniques. Also, in order to solve tasks that require lookahead reasoning under uncertainty, these architectures need an accurate domain model to feed the planning component. But the manual definition of these models is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose an architecture that uses off-the-shelf interchangeable planning and learning components to solve tasks that require flexible planning under uncertainty. We show how a relational learning component can be applied to automatically obtain accurate probabilistic action models from executions of plans. These models can be used by any classical planner that handles metric functions, or, alternatively, by any decision theoretic planner. We also show how these components can be integrated to solve tasks continuously, under an online relational learning scheme.
Expectancy-value models of attitudes : a note on the relationship between theory and methodology

Concern has been expressed in the literature regarding the method of scoring ‘beliefs’ within expectancy-value models of attitudes. This paper reviews the major issues and focuses upon some hitherto largely neglected problems with scoring methods. Empirical findings from a series of studies concerned with ‘the theory of reasoned action’ are examined: with a multiplicative Combination of beliefs and evaluations, it is found that bipolar scoring of belief items leads to higher correlations of the summed products of beliefs and evaluations with attitudes than are achieved with unipolar scoring. These findings contrast markedly with recently reported research and indicate the important role played by contextual factors (such as belief content and the response scales presented to subjects). It is concluded that more attention needs to be paid to the relationship between conceptual and methodological issues.