Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rational design of 0D, 1D, and 3D open frameworks based on tetranuclear lanthanide(III) sulfonate-phosphonate clusters.

Hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide(III) salts with m-sulfophenylphosphonic acid (H3L1) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or N,N'-piperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H4L2) afforded six novel lanthanide(III) sulfonate-phosphonates based on tetranuclear clusters, namely, [La(2)(L1)2(phen)4(H2O)]. 4.5H2O (1), [Ln2(L1)2(phen)2(H2O)5]. 3H2O (Ln = Nd, 2; Eu, 3; Er, 4), and [Ln2(HL1)(H2L2)2(H2O)4]. 8H2O (Ln = La, 5; Nd, 6). Compounds 2-4 contain discrete tetranuclear lanthanide(III) cluster units in which four lanthanide(III) ions are bridged by two tridentate and two tetradentate phosphonate groups. In compound 1, the tetranuclear clusters are further interconnected into a 1D chain through the coordination of the sulfonate groups. The structures of compounds 5 and 6 can be viewed as a 3D architecture based on a different types of tetranuclear cluster units that are interconnected by bridging H2L2 anions. In the tetranuclear clusters of compounds 5 and 6, the four lanthanide(III) centers are interconnected by only two HL1 ligands. Compound 2 is a luminescent material in the near-IR region, whereas compound 3 displays a strong luminescent emission band in the red-light region. Magnetic property measurements of compounds 2-4 and 6 indicate that there are strong antiferromagetic interactions between magnetic centers within the cluster units.
Design and in Prototype Implementation of Fire Detection and Intelligent Alarm System

The design has been developed since the social and economic cost of natural disasters which has increased in recent years due to population growth, change in land use patterns, migration and unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation and global climate change. Catastrophic disasters include fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones, floods, and droughts. Fire considered being natural or man- made, thus the management shall provide safety of the building occupant. The design consists of five major circuits to compensate the system operation. It includes Detection and Initiating Devices (DEADS), Notification Devices (NODES), Central Station Monitor (CSM), Annunciation Devices (ANODES) and the Suppression Circuitry. The DEADS is composed of a smoke detector and smoke ionization sensors which transmit initiated signal to CSM. The NODES are active devices like smoke alarms, and speakers attached to every room designed to give alarms to the room occupants. The Central Station Monitor designed with Arduino Uno as the Microcontroller served as the brain of the system interfaced with PHP & MySQL. The ANODES works once fire cannot be suppressed by the system itself, thereby when the fire department and other incident team needs to be contacted. The suppressor composed of robotic-arm connected to the water supply, fire hydrants, and sprinkler heads. In compliance to the same presidential declaration, a strategic plan for safety and security was defined as one of the best available concept, design, material, system and technology to provide a responsive, effective and supportive intelligent environment for achieving the occupants' objectives over the full life-span of the building and properties. Compared with traditional or conventional fire alarm system, this design reduces energy consumption, reduction of maintenance and service operation costs, improved security services, and increase the satisfaction of building occupants. Other benefits include adaptability to changing uses and technology, and the dimensional change in environmental performance. This study aimed to design and develop fire detection and intelligent alarm system for educational facilities under bureau of fire protection classification.
Social implications of the battle of the sexes: sexual harassment disrupts female sociality and social recognition

Across sexually reproducing species, males and females are in conflict over the control of reproduction. At the heart of this conflict in a number of taxa is male harassment of females for mating opportunities and female strategies to avoid this harassment. One neglected consequence that may result from sexual harassment is the disruption of important social associations. Here, we experimentally manipulate the degree of sexual harassment that wild female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) experience by establishing replicated, semi-natural pools with different population sex ratios. We quantify the effects of sexual harassment on female social structure and the development of social recognition among females. When exposed to sexual harassment, we found that females had more disparate social networks with limited repeated interactions when compared to females that did not experience male harassment. Furthermore, females that did not experience harassment developed social recognition with familiar individuals over an 8-day period, whereas females that experienced harassment did not, an effect we suggest is due to disruption of association patterns. These results show that social network structure and social recognition can be affected by sexual harassment, an effect that will be relevant across taxonomic groups and that we predict will have fitness consequences for females.
OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE AND LIPID PEROXIDATION TO CLUSTER VS. TRADITIONAL SETS RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PROFESSIONAL VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Cells continuously produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of metabolic processes. Exercise can induce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, which is referred to as oxidative stress. Acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) induces activation of several distinct systems of radicals generation, but the effects of different RE loading on oxidative stress response is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cluster vs. traditional sets of RE on oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and uric acid response in athletes. To elicit blood oxidative stress, 12 professional young male volleyball players undertook two different RE loading patterns: 1) cluster loading pattern, 2) traditional loading pattern which was standardized for total volume and completed in a randomized crossover fashion with a four-day interval between trials. Blood samples were collected before and after RE for markers of oxidative stress and damage. In response to both the cluster and traditional sets, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and uric acid were significantly elevated post exercise (p<.05). Although no statistically significant differences between loading patterns were observed, the rate of elevations in 8-OHdG (effect size [ES]: 1.4 vs. 1.3) and 4-HNE (ES: 8.1 vs. 7.9) was greater for the traditional sets; likewise, the rate of uric acid excretion was greater for the cluster RE (ES: 1.6 vs. 1.4). These data suggests that RE induced DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, but they were greater for the traditional RE. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals in the field of volleyball must keep in their mind that RE induces oxidative stress and should use proper RE loading patterns in their training schedule.
Design of adaptive fuzzy-neural-network control for DC-DC boost converter

In this study, an adaptive fuzzy-neural-network control (AFNNC) scheme is designed for the voltage tracking control of a conventional dc-dc boost converter. First, a total sliding-mode control (TSMC) strategy without the reaching pahse in the conventional SMC is developed for enhancing the system robustness during the transient response of the voltage control. In order to alleviate chattering phenomena caused by the sign function in TSMC design and reduce the dependence on detailed system dynamics, it further designs an AFNNC scheme to imitate the TSMC law for the boost converter. In the AFNNC scheme, on-line learning algorithms are derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem and projection algorithm to ensure the stability of the controlled system without the requirement of auxiliary compensated controllers despite the existence of uncertainties. The output of the AFNNC scheme can be easily supplied to the duty cycle of the power switch in the boost converter without strict constraints on control parameters selection in conventional control strategies. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed AFNNC scheme is verified by numerical simulations, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with the TSMC strategy.
Analytical comparison between position specific posterior lattices and confusion networks based on words and subword units for spoken document indexing

In this paper we analytically compare the two widely accepted approaches of spoken document indexing, position specific posterior lattices (PSPL) and confusion network (CN), in terms of retrieval accuracy and index size. The fundamental distinctions between these two approaches in terms of construction units, posterior probabilities, number of clusters, indexing coverage and space requirements are discussed in detail. A new approach to approximate subword posterior probability in a word lattice is also incorporated in PSPL/CN to handle OOV/rare word problems, which were unaddressed in original PSPL and CN approaches. Extensive experimental results on Chinese broadcast news segments indicate that PSPL offers higher accuracy than CN but requiring much larger disk space, while subword-based PSPL turns out to be very attractive because it lowers the storage cost while offers even higher accuracies.
Alphacoronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus nsp1 Protein Suppresses Protein Translation in Mammalian Cells and in Cell-Free HeLa Cell Extracts but Not in Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate

ABSTRACT The nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the TGEV nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40S ribosomal subunits or promote host mRNA degradation. TGEV nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free HeLa cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). Our data suggested that HeLa cell extracts and cultured host cells, but not RRL, contain a host factor(s) that is essential for TGEV nsp1-induced translational suppression.
A theory of platform-dependent low-level software

The C language definition leaves the sizes and layouts of types partially unspecified. When a C program makes assumptions about type layout, its semantics is defined only on platforms (C compilers and the underlying hardware) on which those assumptions hold. Previous work on formalizing C-like languages has ignored this issue, either by assuming that programs do not make such assumptions or by assuming that all valid programs target only one platform. In the latter case, the platform's choices are hard-wired in the language semantics. In this paper, we present a practically-motivated model for a C-like language in which the memory layouts of types are left largely unspecified. The dynamic semantics is parameterized by a platform's layout policy and makes manifest the consequence of platform-dependent (i.e., unspecified) steps. A type-and-effect system produces a layout constraint: a logic formula encoding layout conditions under which the program is memory-safe. We prove that if a program type-checks, it is memory-safe on all platforms satisfying its constraint. Based on our theory, we have implemented a tool that discovers unportable layout assumptions in C programs. Our approach should generalize to other kinds of platform-dependent assumptions.
White Matter Tracts Connected to the Medial Temporal Lobe Support the Development of Mnemonic Control.

One of the most important factors driving the development of memory during childhood is mnemonic control, or the capacity to initiate and maintain the processes that guide encoding and retrieval operations. The ability to selectively attend to and encode relevant stimuli is a particularly useful form of mnemonic control, and is one that undergoes marked improvement over childhood. We hypothesized that structural integrity of white matter tracts, in particular those connecting medial temporal lobe memory regions to other cortical areas, and/or those connecting frontal and parietal control regions, should contribute to successful mnemonic control. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between structural integrity of selected white matter tracts and an experimental measure of mnemonic control, involving enhancement of memory by attention at encoding, in 116 children aged 7-11 and 25 young adults. We observed a positive relationship between integrity of uncinate fasciculus and mnemonic enhancement across age groups. In adults, but not in children, we also observed an association between mnemonic enhancement and integrity of ventral cingulum bundle and ventral fornix/fimbria. Integrity of fronto-parietal tracts, including dorsal cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus, was unrelated to mnemonic enhancement.
A critical approach to business process modelling in small to medium sized enterprises

The research issue for this thesis was founded within the RAMESES project, but is specifically concerned with the necessity for SMEs to undertake the activity of business process modelling. The need to understand the `as is' position of an organisation is fundamental to the development, change or implementation of any information or communication technologies (ICT). The primary research question was `are SMEs able to model business processes in such a way that will enable the effective analysis of the organisation in order to enable information systems development change or implementation'. The objective of the research was to develop a method by which this business process modelling activity could be supported in a fashion which was accessible and effective within the target environment. This thesis expounds the benefits of using a critical approach utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods within the bounds of a multi-disciplinary research team to enable effective exploration and investigation. The concept of the research life-cycle has developed the notion of appropriateness in method and approach: this is discussed against the values of the critical and realist paradigms. The issues reported in this thesis have been identified as a result of detailed case study analysis of six small organisations in the North-east of England. The conclusions are presented in three sections firstly the conclusions relating to the SME and the appropriateness of the BAM technique developed within the RAMESES project. Secondly conclusions are given in regard to the research methodology and reflections given as to the efficacy of the process. Thirdly reflections and conclusions are presented that relate to the work in relation to its overall critical aims and finally makes suggestions as to how future work could be improved.
Profiling Resource Use by Primary-Care Practices: Managed Medicare Implications

Variations in elderly Medicare beneficiaries' health service use are examined using a 100-percent sample of fee-for-service (FFS) claims data from Alabama, Iowa, and Maryland. Provider specialty, group practice type, practice size, and location are found to be significant factors affecting hospital and ambulatory care utilization and cost, after controlling for patient and regional characteristics. These results provide insights into utilization and cost expectations from different types of primary-care gatekeepers as the Medicare managed care market develops.
Different correlations among physiological and morphological properties at single glutamatergic synapses in the rat hippocampus and the cerebellum

Synapses in the mammalian central nervous system show substantial diversity in their physiological and morphological properties. However, the correlations among them have remained elusive. Here, we tried to clarify the correlations by establishing a method to record excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at individual synapses and also to observe the morphology at the same time. A pair of pre‐ and postsynaptic neurons were labeled with different fluorescent dyes, and a presynaptic varicosity was selectively stimulated with a θ‐tube glass electrode under conditions in which action potential generation was suppressed. Two representative types of excitatory glutamatergic synapses, one on hippocampal pyramidal neurons and the other on cerebellar Purkinje neurons, were studied. The correlations between the properties of quantal EPSCs (qEPSCs) and those of synaptic morphology were analyzed in rat primary culture preparations. The amplitude and the decay time of qEPSC were correlated with the size of the postsynaptic spine only at hippocampal synapses. In contrast, the size of the presynaptic varicosity was correlated with the size of the postsynaptic spine and the quantal content of evoked EPSCs only at granule neuron–Purkinje neuron synapses in the cerebellum. These results suggest that the interaction between pre‐ and postsynaptic structures and the coupling of postsynaptic responsiveness and the spine morphology differ between cerebellar and hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Method of Generating Rules for a Kernel Fuzzy Classifier

A method of generating rules for a kernel fuzzy classifier is introduced. For this method, firstly, the initial sample space is mapped into a high dimensional feature space by selecting the appropriate kernel function. Then in the feature space, the proposed dynamic clustering algorithm dynamically separates the training samples into different clusters and finds out the support vectors of each cluster. For each cluster, a fuzzy rule is defined with ellipsoidal regions. Finally, the rules are adjusted by genetic algorithms. This classifier with such fuzzy rules is evaluated by two typical data sets. For this classifier, the learning time is short, the classification accuracy is better and the speed of classification is quick.
Enhanced Tumor Delivery of Gemcitabine via PEG-DSPE/TPGS Mixed Micelles

Gemcitabine is a potent anticancer drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic, non-small-cell lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. The major deficiencies of current gemcitabine therapy, however, are its rapid metabolic inactivation and narrow therapeutic window. Herein, we employed polyethylene glycol-b-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE)/tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) mixed micelles as a delivery system, to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of gemcitabine and enhance its antitumor efficacy. By conjugating stearic acid to gemcitabine and subsequently encapsulating stearoyl gemcitabine (GemC18) within PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles, the deamination of gemcitabine was delayed in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, compared to free gemcitabine, GemC18-loaded micelles pronouncedly prolonged the circulation time of gemcitabine and elevated its concentration in the tumor by 3-fold, resulting in superior antitumor efficacy in mice bearing human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 xenografts. Our findings demonstrate the promise of PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of gemcitabine to achieve safer and more efficacious therapeutic outcomes.
Measuring the Average Accuracy Performance of Homology Search

Homology searches of genomic databases are the essential step for new gene discovery. While novel search techniques are being developed to address this need, it is equally important to provide a unified experimental methodology for evaluating and comparing the different homology search methods. Current evaluation measures such as the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) [5], the Coverage Versus Errors per query (CVE) plot [3], and the average precision (AP) measure [4], provide biologists with sensitivity and selectivity tradeoffs for specific queries but fail to provide an average performance analysis for typical queries. We propose a rapid and unbiased evaluation metric, recall-EPQ, to compare the average accuracy performance of different search methods.
Bub1 is essential for assembly of the functional inner centromere

During mitosis, the inner centromeric region (ICR) recruits protein complexes that regulate sister chromatid cohesion, monitor tension, and modulate microtubule attachment. Biochemical pathways that govern formation of the inner centromere remain elusive. The kinetochore protein Bub1 was shown to promote assembly of the outer kinetochore components, such as BubR1 and CENP-F, on centromeres. Bub1 was also implicated in targeting of Shugoshin (Sgo) to the ICR. We show that Bub1 works as a master organizer of the ICR. Depletion of Bub1 from Xenopus laevis egg extract or from HeLa cells resulted in both destabilization and displacement of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from the ICR. Moreover, soluble Bub1 controls the binding of Sgo to chromatin, whereas the CPC restricts loading of Sgo specifically onto centromeres. We further provide evidence that Bub1 kinase activity is pivotal for recruitment of all of these components. Together, our findings demonstrate that Bub1 acts at multiple points to assure the correct kinetochore formation.
PMViewer: A Crowdsourcing Approach to Fine-Grained Urban PM2.5 Monitoring in China

In recent years, the PM2.5 (particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less) pollution has become a very serious problem in China. Currently, there are three types of monitoring approaches: government-led monitoring, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) approaches and Participatory Urban Sensing (PUS). There are three limitations in these state-of-the-art research approaches: a) the coarse-grained limitation of government-led monitoring, b) the deployment and maintenance cost of WSN approaches, c) the "Black Hole" problem and the "Black Time Window" problem of PMTI-based approaches in PUS. How to overcome these three main limitations is the biggest challenge. To address these limitations, we need a new way to collect PM2.5 data. Nowadays, IoT (Internet of Things) smart devices sold to various customers could steadily and directly collect the PM2.5 data in vast urban areas, but how to obtain wide-spread real PM2.5 data from tens of thousands of smart devices is another challenge. While no existing work has addressed these two challenges, how to address them is an open problem. In this paper, we propose PMViewer, a novel PUS approach to address these two challenges. PMViewer's data are collected from tens of thousands of smart devices called AirBox through a crowdsourcing approach. We aim to offer a fine-grained spatial-temporal resolution for the public to monitor the urban PM2.5 pollution near their locations. PMViewer scrawls data from AirBox's vendor server and parses the data to generate a map view to display real-time urban PM2.5 measurements. In this study, we design, implement and evaluate PMViewer. Evaluation results show that PMViewer efficiently and economically addressed these two challenges described above.