Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of aqueous distributional spaces in the dual perfused rat liver

1 The aim of this study was to estimate the aqueous distributional spaces of the liver as a function of the route of input: portal vein (PV) versus hepatic artery (HA). 2 Studies were performed in the in situ single (PV) and dual (PV‐HA) perfused rat liver (n= 6–10) using Krebs bicarbonate buffer at constant PV (12 ml min−1) and HA (3 ml min−1) flow rates. An impulse input‐output response technique was employed, varying the route of input, using non‐labelled erythrocytes (intravascular marker), 125I‐albumin and [14C]sucrose (extracellular markers), and [14C]urea and 3H2O (total water markers) as the reference indicators. 3 Distributional spaces were estimated using two different methods, namely standard and specific. The standard method was applied to hepatic outflow data obtained from the single PV perfused liver. The specific method was used when operating in the dual perfused mode to provide an estimate of the excess space perfused solely by the HA input. Specific spaces, interstitial and intracellular volumes, were estimated by difference. 4 The results were evaluated by means of visual inspection of the outflow profiles and comparison of the distributional spaces. Different hepatic effluent profiles obtained as a function of the route of input indicated that these two inputs did not completely mix within the liver. Estimates of the distributional spaces supported this observation, and further suggested that the arterial input perfuses 9–12 % more hepatic tissue than the venous input. 5 The knowledge obtained from the existence of a specific arterial space can be extended to help make predictions about the fate of an eliminated compound following arterial administration. Any difference between the HA and PV in terms of hepatic recovery could be attributed to this excess space and its enzyme density.
Pathway and rate-limiting step of glyphosate degradation by Aspergillus oryzae A-F02

ABSTRACT Aspergillus oryzae A-F02, a glyphosate-degrading fungus, was isolated from an aeration tank in a pesticide factory. The pathway and rate-limiting step of glyphosate (GP) degradation were investigated through metabolite analysis. GP, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and methylamine were detected in the fermentation liquid of A. oryzae A-F02, whereas sarcosine and glycine were not. The pathway of GP degradation in A. oryzae A-F02 was revealed: GP was first degraded into AMPA, which was then degraded into methylamine. Finally, methylamine was further degraded into other products. Investigating the effects of the exogenous addition of substrates and metabolites showed that the degradation of GP to AMPA is the rate-limiting step of GP degradation by A. oryzae A-F02. In addition, the accumulation of AMPA and methylamine did not cause feedback inhibition in GP degradation. Results showed that degrading GP to AMPA was a crucial step in the degradation of GP, which determines the degradation rate of GP by A. oryzae A-F02.
Application of Hamiltonian mechanics to control design for industrial robotic manipulators

The paper deals with a tracking control for robotic manipulators, where the robot dynamics is described by means of Hamiltonian mechanics. This way leads to different physical descriptive quantities used in control design. In the paper, the model-oriented Lyapunov-based control is considered. It is introduced in the novel formulation using Hamiltonian mechanics and compared with the conventional formulation based on Lagrangian mechanics. The theoretical results, generally applicable to usual articulated industrial robotic manipulators, are demonstrated on one specific robot arm with three degrees of freedom.
Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome in Grey Alpine Cattle

Ellis–van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a human autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in either the EVC or EVC2 gene, and presents with short limbs, polydactyly, and ectodermal and heart defects. The aim of this study was to understand the pathologic basis by which deletions in the EVC2 gene lead to chondrodysplastic dwarfism and to describe the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular hallmarks of EvC syndrome in cattle. Five Grey Alpine calves, with a known mutation in the EVC2 gene, were autopsied. Immunohistochemistry was performed on bone using antibodies to collagen II, collagen X, sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 2, and Ki67. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze EVC1 and EVC2 gene expression. Autopsy revealed long bones that were severely reduced in length, as well as genital and heart defects. Collagen II was detected in control calves in the resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones and in the primary and secondary spongiosa, with a loss of labeling in the resting zone of 2 dwarfs. Collagen X was expressed in hypertrophic zone in the controls but was absent in the EvC cases. In affected calves and controls, sonic hedgehog labeled hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary and secondary spongiosa similarly. FGF2 was expressed in chondrocytes of all growth plate zones in the control calves but was lost in most EvC cases. The Ki67 index was lower in cases compared with controls. EVC and EVC2 transcripts were detected. Our data suggest that EvC syndrome of Grey Alpine cattle is a disorder of chondrocyte differentiation, with accelerated differentiation and premature hypertrophy of chondrocytes, and could be a spontaneous model for the equivalent human disease.
Knee instability after acute ACL rupture affects movement patterns during the mid‐stance phase of gait

The purpose of this study was to identify gait asymmetries during the mid‐stance phase of gait among subjects with knee instability (“non‐copers”) after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Twenty‐one non‐copers with acute, isolated ACL injury ambulated at their intentional walking speed as kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected bilaterally. Lower extremity movement patterns and muscle activity were analyzed during the mid‐stance and weight acceptance phases of stance. When compared to the uninjured limb, subjects exhibited lower sagittal plane knee excursions and peak knee angles, and higher muscle co‐contraction on the injured limb. There was a lower knee flexion moment at peak knee extension, a trend for the knee contribution to the total support moment to be lower, and a higher ankle contribution to the total support moment on the injured limb. There were differences in the magnitude of muscle activity which included higher hamstring activity and lower soleus activity on the injured limb. Changes in quadriceps, soleus, and hamstring muscle activity on the injured limb were identified during weight acceptance that had not previously been reported, while hip compensation for a lower knee contribution to the total support moment has been described. Non‐copers consistently stabilize their knee with a stiffening strategy involving less knee motion and higher muscle contraction. The variable combination of muscle adaptations that produce joint stiffness, and the ability of both the ankle and the hip to compensate for lower knee control indicate the non‐coper neuromuscular system may be more malleable than previously believed. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1369–1377, 2007
Consumption of Soy Isoflavone Enriched Bread in Men with Prostate Cancer Is Associated with Reduced Proinflammatory Cytokines and Immunosuppressive Cells

We hypothesized that soy phytochemicals may have immunomodulatory properties that may affect prostate carcinogenesis and progression. A randomized, phase II trial was conducted in 32 patients with prostate cancer with asymptomatic biochemical recurrence but no measurable disease on standard staging studies. Patients were randomized to two slices of soy bread (34 mg isoflavones/slice) or soy bread containing almond powder daily as a source of β-glucosidase. Flow cytometry and bioplex assays were used to measure cytokines or immune cell phenotype in blood at baseline (day 0) and following intervention (day 56). Adequate blood samples were available at enrollment and day 56 and evaluated. Multiple plasma cytokines and chemokines were significantly decreased on day 56 versus baseline. Subgroup analysis indicated reduced TH1 (P = 0.028) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-associated cytokines (P = 0.035). TH2 and TH17 cytokines were not significantly altered. Phenotypic analysis revealed no change in CD8+ or CD4+ T cells but showed increased CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells (P = 0.038). The percentage of cells with a T regulatory cell phenotype (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) was significantly decreased after 56 days of soy bread (P = 0.0136). Significantly decreased monocytic (CD33+HLADRnegCD14+) MDSC were observed in patients consuming soy bread (P = 0.0056). These data suggest that soy bread modulates systemic soluble and cellular biomarkers consistent with limiting inflammation and suppression of MDSCs. Additional studies to elucidate impact on the carcinogenic process or as a complement to immune-based therapy are required. Cancer Prev Res; 8(11); 1036–44. ©2015 AACR.
A Multidimensional Conceptualization of Environmental Velocity

Environmental velocity has emerged as an important concept but remains theoretically underdeveloped, particularly with respect to its multidimensionality. In response, we develop a framework that examines the variations in velocity across multiple dimensions of the environment (homology) and the causal linkages between those velocities (coupling). We then propose four velocity regimes based on different patterns of homology and coupling and argue that the conditions of each regime have important implications for organizations.
Physiological and biochemical indicators of mussel seed quality in relation to temperatures

The bivalve's aquaculture industry is an important component of the economy in Eastern Canada. Seed collection is an initial and critical activity in most bivalve aquaculture industries including mussel farming in Prince Edward Island, production is entirely dependent on natural spat collection. Although seed supply is not a concern from a quantitative standpoint, there are growing concerns about the quality of natural seed. The general objective of this study was to identify and assess mussel seed quality criteria on the basis of physiological and biochemical status under laboratory and field conditions. The performance, as estimated by metabolic measurements, lipid class composition, multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) and survival to stressful environment of seed from 6 different stocks sources was first compared under laboratory conditions at 12 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Results showed that MLH varied among the six sources of mussels in a way which is consistent with the physiological and biochemical indicators of seed quality. Mussels from Shippagan (New Brunswick) and Tracadie (Prince Edward Island) were found to have the highest quality scores and the best adaptive capacity to extreme water temperature under laboratory conditions. The results of the stock-site reciprocal field studies are in general agreement with those of the laboratory experiments with higher survival of mussels from Shippagan, Tracadie and St. Peters Bays in the various study sites. Our results suggest that the measure of MLH and survival curves at stressful temperature could be a good criteria combination to identify the improved survival potential of mussels stocks.
Multifunctional Reconfigurable Filter Using Transversal Signal-Interaction Concepts

A novel multifunctional reconfigurable filter with three different transmission modes using transversal signal-interaction principles is proposed. These three operational modes allow to reconfigure the engineered filtering device as ultra-wideband bandpass filter, narrow-band bandpass filter (NB BPF), and ultra-wideband band-stop filter (UWB BSF). By turning on/off the RF switches, the transmission lines and stubs can be dynamically connected or disconnected so that the three transmission modes can be discretely selected. For the UWB-BPF mode, the 3-dB bandwidth is 95.7% (1.51–4.38 GHz) with minimum in-band insertion loss of 0.94 dB. For the NB-BPF mode, the 3-dB bandwidth is 25.3% (2.55–3.29 GHz), the minimum in-band insertion loss is 0.8 dB, and the stopband rejection is higher than 11.6 dB. For the UWB-BSF mode, the 3-dB bandwidth is 106% (1.41–4.59 GHz) with in-band insertion loss above 10 dB.
The Role of Positive Expectancies in Risk Behavior: An Exploration of Alcohol Use and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Background: Alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) appear to share a conceptual overlap in functions (e.g., tension reduction). Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI, and higher rates of alcohol use have been documented among those with NSSI history. Aims: This study examined whether NSSI-related alcohol expectancies affect relations between NSSI and alcohol use. Method: Participants were 367 college students (73% female) asked to complete an online survey about their drinking behavior and lifetime NSSI. Results: NSSI and alcohol use were highly prevalent in this sample: 56% endorsed lifetime NSSI and 74% endorsed current alcohol use. Of note, 43% (n = 147) endorsed both behaviors. Positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies showed a significant association with lifetime NSSI. In addition, positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies were associated with more frequent drinking behavior for individuals with a history of NSSI, particularly those who had engaged in two or more methods of lifetime NSSI. Conclusion: Alcohol use and NSSI represent high-risk behaviors commonly employed to regulate unwanted affective states. Interventions targeting substance use and/or NSSI may consider assessing positive NSSI and substance use expectancies, as the presence of these beliefs suggests a higher risk profile.
Distinction between Major and Minor Bacillus Signal Peptidases Based on Phylogenetic and Structural Criteria*

The processing of secretory preproteins by signal peptidases (SPases) is essential for cell viability. As previously shown for Bacillus subtilis, only certain SPases of organisms containing multiple paralogous SPases are essential. This allows a distinction between SPases that are of major and minor importance for cell viability. Notably, the functional difference between major and minor SPases is not reflected clearly in sequence alignments. Here, we have successfully used molecular phylogeny to predict major and minor SPases. The results were verified with SPases from various bacilli. As predicted, the latter enzymes behaved as major or minor SPases when expressed in B. subtilis. Strikingly, molecular modeling indicated that the active site geometry is not a critical parameter for the classification of major and minor Bacillus SPases. Even though the substrate binding site of the minor SPase SipV is smaller than that of other known SPases, SipV could be converted into a major SPase without changing this site. Instead, replacement of amino-terminal residues of SipV with corresponding residues of the major SPase SipS was sufficient for conversion of SipV into a major SPase. This suggests that differences between major and minor SPases are based on activities other than substrate cleavage site selection.
The changing face of academic neurology

It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. It was the epoch of belief; it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light; it was the season of darkness. It was the spring of hope; it was the winter of despair. We had everything before us; we had nothing before us. The introduction of Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities describes the state of medical affairs today as much as the tumultuous world of the French Revolution 200 years ago. On the one hand, advances in basic and clinical neuroscience are transforming our field. The following list includes topics unknown or in their infancy 30 years ago, when I was graduated from medical school, which are now central to the neurology research effort. The last 10 years have also seen a great expansion in the following number of areas and topics considered appropriate for research support.1 As a specialty, we are riding a tidal wave of understanding fundamental mechanisms and advances in therapeutics that is simply unparalleled. The pace at which new information appears is rapid and far-reaching. The wonderful …
Text Mining pada Sosial Media untuk Mendeteksi Emosi Pengguna Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine dan K-Nearest Neighbour

Twitter layanan jejaring sosial dan mikroblog yang memungkinkan penggunanya untuk mengirim dan membaca pesan berbasis teks hingga 140 karakter, yang dikenal dengan sebutan kicauan (tweet). Sebuah teks pada tweet tidak hanya menyampaikan keterangan dari suatu informasi, tetapi juga berisi informasi tentang perilaku manusia termasuk emosi. Untuk mendeteksi emosi dari teks pada layanan sosial media twitter dengan data yang tidak terstruktur maka perlu dilakukan analisis teks salah satunya dengan menggunakan Text Mining. Pada penelitian ini mengusulkan melakukan penelitian text mining pada Sosial Media untuk mendeteksi emosi pengguna. Deteksi emosi berbasis teks dapat digunakan dalam bisnis, pendidikan, psikologi, dan bidang lain mana pun yang paling penting untuk memahami dan menafsirkan emosi. Tahapan penelitian ini melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu data. Dari Pengujian yang dilakukan dengan metode Support Vector Machine dan K-Nearest Neighbour dapat menghasilkan nilai rata-rata precision sebesar 0.45640904478933. nilai recall sebesar 0.50199332258158 dan pada nilai accuracy sebesar 0.8140589569161 sedangkan dari metode K-Nearest Neighbour nilai rata-rata precision sebesar 0.34210487225193. nilai recall sebesar 0.45954538381009 dan pada nilai accuracy sebesar 0.79705215419501. hasil dari pengujian dengan metode SVM-KNN menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian klasifikasi emosi lebih baik daripada metode K-Nearest Neighbour dari keseluruhan kategori emosi.
Antioxidant status and indexes of oxidative stress during consecutive days of exercise.

We tested whether consecutive days of prolonged submaximal exercise would result in oxidant stress sufficient to alter blood antioxidant profiles, progressively change and exhaust blood and plasma antioxidants, and damage RNA. Eleven moderately trained males (24.3 +/- 1.1 yr) exercised 90 min at 65% peak O2 uptake on a cycle ergometer for 3 consecutive days. During day 1 exercise, blood reduced glutathione (GSH) declined 55 +/- 10% and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased 28 +/- 7% within 15 min. Total blood glutathione did not significantly change during exercise. GSH levels returned to baseline after 15 min of recovery. On day 3, preexercise GSH and GSSG levels were not significantly different from day 1 preexercise values; essentially similar results were obtained during exercise and recovery. During day 1 exercise, plasma total ascorbate (ascorbate + dehydroascorbate) increased from 53.8 +/- 9.3 to 59.0 +/- 11.3 microM, and percent reduced ascorbate increased from 77.6 +/- 9.3 to 87.3 +/- 9.7%. During day 3 exercise, plasma ascorbate changes were similar to those on day 1. Plasma vitamin E did not change due to exercise on either day 1 or 3. RNA adducts, urinary 8-hydroxyguanosine, did not change significantly due to exercise. Observed increases in GSH oxidation indicate the presence of oxidant stress during prolonged submaximal exercise. Similar redox changes on consecutive days of exercise, with recovery to preexercise values within 15 min, indicate no evidence of persistent or cumulative exercise effects on blood glutathione redox status. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transport of Glycerol in Human Blood∗

Summary Glycerol is released from the area drained by the saphenous vein in man and taken up in the splanchnic region and kidneys. The arterial concentrations of glycerol and FFA are positively correlated. In resting subjects, net splanchnic uptake of glycerol was calculated to be . 052 to . 11 mmoles per minute and renal uptake . 011 to . 022 mmoles per minute. It seems likely that more than 3 moles of FFA is released from adipose tissue for each mole of glycerol.
In vitro effects of estradiol and aromatase inhibitor treatment on sex differentiation in Xenopus laevis gonads.

Gonads, still in the indifferent stage, were taken from tadpoles of Xenopus laevis and maintained in organ culture. These gonads were kept in good condition by frequent replacement of the culture medium and then underwent sexual differentiation. When the indifferent gonads were cultured in estradiol for 14 days, 90% of the explants showed female histological characteristics. The estradiol treatment of gonads in vitro gave results identical to those obtained from tadpoles treated in vivo. The gonads of X. laevis were successfully maintained for 14 days in vitro in a medium containing 20 microg/ml aromatase inhibitor (CGS 16949A). All the gonads treated with aromatase inhibitor showed the histological characteristics of the male phenotype. These results suggest that estradiol is important for ovarian differentiation in X. laevis.
Evidence of Immunostimulating Lipoprotein Existing in the Natural Lipoteichoic Acid Fraction

ABSTRACT Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a cell surface glycoconjugate of gram-positive bacteria and is reported to activate the innate immune system. We previously reported that purified LTA obtained from Enterococcus hirae has no immunostimulating activity, but a subfraction (Eh-AF) in an LTA fraction possesses activity. In this study, we established a mouse monoclonal antibody neutralizing the activity of Eh-AF and investigated its inhibitory effects. Monoclonal antibody (MAbEh1) was established by the immunization of BALB/c mice with Eh-AF, followed by hybridoma screening based on its inhibitory effect for the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by Eh-AF. MAbEh1 neutralized the production of IL-6 by LTA fraction from not only E. hirae but also Staphylococcus aureus, while it failed to block that of lipopolysaccharide, suggesting that the antibody recognized a common active structure(s) in LTA fractions. Synthetic glycolipids in these LTAs did not induce cytokine production, at least in our system. Interestingly, the antibody was found to inhibit the activity of immunostimulating synthetic lipopeptides, Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. These results suggest that MAbEh1 neutralizes the activity of lipoprotein-like compounds which is responsible for the activity of the LTA fraction of E. hirae and S. aureus.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Experimental Immune Thyroiditis.∗

Summary 1. Among each of 2 groups of guinea pigs immunized with 50 μg and 500 μg of picrylated thyroglobulin in Freund's adjuvant respectively, 57.2% (63 of 110 animals) developed thyroiditis 17 days following the initial dose of antigen. Delayed skin reactivity to intradermal thyroglobulin was observed in 72.7% of the animals. There was no significant difference in incidence of thyroiditis and delayed skin reactivity in the 2 groups of animals. However, circulating antithyroglobulin antibody as determined by passive hemagglutination, was found in 4.6% (2 of 43 animals) in the low antigen group and 30% (18 of 60 animals) in the high antigen group.
A Comparison Between the Information in Gated and Nongated Cardiac CT Images

Retrospective electrocardiograph-gated cardiac computed tomography Kl'l scans have been obtained in 9 dogs in 14 different experimental situations. The corresponding multiple nongated CT images reconstructed from the same information were used for comparison. The areas and volumes of cardiac chambers determined from nongated cardiac CT images were 87 8% of the corresponding gated end-diastolic values. The methodological errors in the area determinations were estimated to be around 8%.