Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Destruction of chlorpromazine during absorption by rat intestine in vitro.

Destruction of chlorpromazine during absorption by rat intestine in vitro S. H. CURRY, A. D'MELLo and G. P. MOULD*, Department of Pharnmacology anid Therapeutics, The London Hospital Medical College, Turner Street, Londonl E.1 It is commonly supposed that orally administered chlorpromazine is rapidly and well absorbed in man, although there appears to have been no systematic investigation of the absorption phenomenon (Goodman & Gilman, 1965; Shepherd, Lader & Rodnight, 1968). Doubt was recently cast on the supposition by measurements of unchanged chlorpromazine in plasma of man and animals (Curry, Davis, Janowsky & Marshall, 1970; Hollister, Curry, Derr & Kanter, 1970; Curry, Derr, Maling & Williams, 1970); concentrations of unchanged drug in plasma after injected doses were 3-10 times higher than those after oral doses during the 48 h following administration. This indicated incomplete absorption of oral doses as unchanged drug. In contrast, concentrations of metabolites of chlorpromazine in urine after doses by the two routes were similar. This indicated complete absorption, either as unchanged drug as or metabolites. We therefore investigated the possibility that the drug could be converted to absorbable metabolites during the process of absorption. Krebs bicarbonate fluid containing 35S-chlorpromazine (50, 100 and 200 ug/ml) was circulated at 370 C through the lumen of rat isolated intestine. The serosal surface was bathed with a similar solution containing no chlorpromazine (technique of Fisher & Parsons, 1949). Unchanged chlorpromazine, measured by gas chromatography, disappeared rapidly from the luminal solution and was partially transferred to the serosal solution and partially retained in the intestinal wall. Concentrations of total radioactivity and of unchanged chlorpromazine were similar both in the luminal solution and in the intestinal wall. In contrast, radioactivity appeared in the serosal solution more rapidly than did unchanged chlorpromazine; at the end of the experiment (60 min), 15-32% of the serosal radioactivity was present as unchanged drug. These observations indicated that chlorpromazine was decomposed during absorption in vitro. The mechani sm of this decomposition is not clear, but results of control experiments demonstrated that chemical decomposition unrelated to the presence of intestinal material did not occur. Biochemical decomposition may have been brought about by intestinal flora or enzymes in the intestinal wall. If this process were to occur in vivo it might be the cause of concentrations of unchanged drtug in plasma being less after oral doses than after injected doses.
endAFS, a novel family E endoglucanase gene from Fibrobacter succinogenes AR1

The complete nucleotide sequence of endAFS, an endoglucanase gene isolated from the ruminal anaerobe Fibrobacter succinogenes AR1, was determined. endAFS encodes two overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), and it was proposed that a -1 ribosomal frameshift was required to allow contiguous synthesis of a 453-amino-acid endoglucanase. A proline- and threonine-rich region at the C terminus of ORF1 and rare codons for arginine and threonine were coincident with the proposed frameshift site. ENDAFS is proposed to be a member of subgroup 1 of family E endoglucanases, of which endoglucanases from Thermomonospora fusca and Persea americana (avocado) are also members. Endoglucanases from Clostridium thermocellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens form subgroup 2.
Successor CEO Functional and Education Background: Performance Antecedents and Consequences

To improve our understanding of the succession process we utilize a sample of 832 successions to examine firm and predecessor characteristics that influence the board’s choice of a successor’s functional and educational background. We find that outgoing CEO and firm characteristics influence the selection of successors’ functional backgrounds. Firms are more likely to hire new CEOs with functional backgrounds similar to the outgoing CEO. Research-oriented firms hire CEOs with the functional background that would permit them to understand the firm’s research processes. Firms with poor prior operating performance tend to hire successors with a financial/accounting background. Riskier firms are less likely to hire CEOs with a degree from an Ivy League institution. We also find that firms are more likely to change the functional background of the successor relative to the predecessor when there has been poor prior performance and the firm has higher institutional investor ownership. However, we do not find evidence that changing the functional background and/or the education level of the successor CEO improves firm performance.
A 1.0–1.3 MW CW, 238 GHz conventional cavity gyrotron

In this paper, we present the design feasibility of a megawatt class, continuous wave (CW), conventional cylindrical cavity gyrotron operating at 238 GHz for future thermonuclear fusion reactors, like the DEMO machine. Rigorous mode search followed by studies on mode competition and design feasibility are presented in this work.
Confined Space Emergency Response: Assessing Employer and Fire Department Practices

An emergency response plan for industrial permit-required confined space entry is essential for employee safety and is legally required. Maintaining a trained confined space rescue team, however, is costly and technically challenging. Some employers turn to public fire departments to meet their emergency response requirements. The confined space emergency response practices of employers and fire departments have not been previously assessed. We present (1) federal data on the U.S. occurrence between 1992 and 2005 of confined space fatal incidents involving toxic and/or oxygen-deficient atmospheres; (2) survey data from 21 large companies on permit-required confined space emergency response practices; (3) data on fire department arrival times; and (4) estimates by 10 senior fire officers of fire department rescue times for confined space incidents. Between 1992 and 2005, 431 confined space incidents that met the case definition claimed 530 lives, or about 0.63% of the 84,446 all-cause U.S. occupational fatal injuries that occurred during this period. Eighty-seven (20%) incidents resulted in multiple fatalities. Twelve (57%) of 21 surveyed companies reported that they relied on the fire department for permit-required confined space emergency response. Median fire department arrival times were about 5 min for engines and 7 min for technical rescue units. Fire department confined space rescue time estimates ranged from 48 to 123 min and increased to 70 and 173 min when hazardous materials were present. The study illustrates that (1) confined space incidents represent a small but continuing source of fatal occupational injuries in the United States; (2) a sizeable portion of employers may be relying on public fire departments for permit-required confined space emergency response; and (3) in the event of a life-threatening emergency, fire departments usually are not able to effect a confined space rescue in a timely manner. We propose that the appropriate role for the fire department is to support a properly trained and equipped on-site rescue team and to provide advanced life support intervention following extrication and during ambulance transportation.
NONLINEAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE R-MODE INSTABILITY AND THE MAXIMUM ROTATION RATE OF NEUTRON STARS

We describe how the nonlinear development of the R-mode instability of neutron stars influences spin up to millisecond periods via accretion. When nearly resonant interactions of the ℓ = m = 2 R-mode with pairs of “daughter modes” are included, the R-mode saturates at the lowest amplitude which leads to significant excitation of a pair of modes. The lower bound for this threshold amplitude is proportional to the damping rate of the particular daughter modes that are excited parametrically. We show that if dissipation occurs in a very thin boundary layer at the crust–core boundary, the R-mode saturation amplitude is too large for angular momentum gain from accretion to overcome loss to gravitational radiation. We find that lower dissipation is required to explain spin up to frequencies much higher than 300 Hz. We conjecture that if the transition from the fluid core to the crystalline crust occurs over a distance much longer than 1 cm, then a sharp viscous boundary layer fails to form. In this case, damping is due to shear viscosity dissipation integrated over the entire star. We estimate the lowest parametric instability threshold from first principles. The resulting saturation amplitude is low enough to permit spin up to higher frequencies. The requirement to allow continued spin up imposes an upper bound to the frequencies attained via accretion that plausibly may be about 750 Hz. Within this framework, the R-mode is unstable for all millisecond pulsars, whether accreting or not.
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: A THEORETICAL STUDY

Most organizations today conducting employee surveys refer to their programs as “engagement surveys,” or they measure employee engagement as one of their survey topics. We estimate 90 percent of our current global survey clients conduct employee engagement surveys. As others note (Macey & Schneider, 2008; Wefald & Downey, 2009), employee engagement, while a relatively new construct, has grown in popularity and acceptance, in large part because organizations believe they can leverage employee engagement for positive organizational outcomes, such as higher employee retention, greater customer satisfaction and improved financial performance (Harter et al., 2002).
Stochastic Modeling of Blood Coagulation Initiation

A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation was developed using the deterministic reaction network developed by the Mann laboratory for tissue-factor (TF)-initiated blood coagulation. The model predicted thrombin dynamics in recalcified whole blood (3-fold diluted) pretreated with convulxin (platelet GPVI activator) and picomolar levels of TF (0–14 pM). The model did not accurately predict coagulation times at low TF (0–0.7 pM). The simulation revealed that ∼0.2 pM TF was the critical concentration to cause 50% of reactions containing 3-fold diluted whole blood to reach a clotting threshold of 0.05 U/ml thrombin by 1 h. Simulations of 1 nl of blood (5 pM TF) revealed small stochastic variations in thrombin initiation time, while 16.6 pl simulations were highly stochastic at this level of TF (50 molecules/16.6 pl). Further experiment and simulation will require evaluation of mechanisms of coagulation kinetics at subpicomolar levels of TF.
Compensation and recoding: a framework for aging and memory research.

This article introduces a conceptual frame of reference for the area of aging and memory. The framework is based upon the superordinate concepts of compensation and recoding. It is suggested that older adults are capable of compensating for deficits in episodic remembering by utilizing various types of contextual and cognitive support. A classificatory scheme comprising three subcategories of memory compensation in the elderly is proposed: “compensation via experimenter-provided support” (CEPS), compensation via inherent task properties (CITP), and “compensation via cognitive support systems” (CCSS). The aspect of compensation as an adaptive activity of older adults is also discussed. Further, it is suggested that younger adults because of a superior ability for various recoding operations are less dependent on contextual and cognitive support in order to remember successfully. Recoding is defined as all the cognitive operations an individual possesses that, when applied, enriches the originally registered information. The superordinate nature of the concepts of compensation and recoding is indicated by the fact that they bring together a vast number of empirical findings previously regarded as support for opposed theoretical accounts.
1×16 optical packet switch sub-system with a monolithically integrated InP optical switch

We demonstrate a 1×16 optical packet switch sub-system for 160 Gbps RZ-OOK and 12 × 10 Gbps multi-wavelength DPSK packets. We show error-free operation with maximum penalties of 0.7 dB for 160 Gbps RZ-OOK and 0.6 dB for multi-wavelength DPSK packets.
Customer Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industries using Data Mining Techniques- A Review

With the swift evolution of digital systems and concomitant information technologies, there is an incipient inclination in the comprehensive economy to construct digital customer relationship management (CRM) systems. This leaning is further palpable in the telecommunications industry, where enterprises become progressively digitalized. Customer churn prediction is a foremost feature of a contemporary telecom CRM systems.Churn prediction prototype guides the customer relationship management to retain the customers who are probable to quit. In recent epochs, a number of ensemble and supervised classifiers and data mining techniques are used to model the churn prediction in telecom. This article presents a state-of-art review of various methods and researches involve in churn prediction. This paper doassessments on frequently used data mining procedures to categorize customer churn patterns in telecom industry. The contemporary literature in the expanse of predictive data mining techniques in customer churn comportment is reviewed and categorized in terms of method used and a argument on the future research directions is presented.
An analysis of market efficiency in the South Asian emerging stock markets Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

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Gastrosophy and Nouvelle Cuisine: Entrepreneurial Fashion and Fiction

Defines the term “gastrosophy” and focuses on “chef gastrosophers” whose specialist field is professional expertise in gastronomy and hospitality. The position these individuals occupy today has been brought about by a succession of cultural, metaphysical and technological factors. Chef gastrosophers have progressed the aims of gastronomy, by becoming leading figures in contemporary cuisine. They occupy positions at the apex of the modern culinary hierarchy, having demonstrated individualism, entrepreneurship and a willingness to take risks. They set the culinary pace of the hospitality industry, and have invested in the cult of personality, freely utilizing public relations and image creation techniques. Chef gastrosophers have realized that the modern hospitality industry has a dynamic which requires the business proprietor to innovate, to create bold images and identities and to market these. The hospitality they offer is intended to be holistic, where a complete experience, offering fleeting artistic .
Challenges in Clinical Named Entity Recognition for Decision Support

In addition to structured data, electronic health records contain unstructured clinical notes and narratives. The identification and classification of mentions of relevant clinical concepts is a crucial preprocessing step in designing and developing clinical decision support systems. While this task has gained significant attention in recent years, there are still a number of issues that need further investigation. This paper explores a variety of common challenges faced by clinical named entity recognition and classification methods as well as current approaches to handling them.
Motion video analysis using planar parallax

Motion and structure analysis in video sequences can lead to efficient descriptions of objects and their motions. Interesting events in videos can be detected using such an analysis--for instance independent object motion when the camera itself is moving, figure-ground segregation based on the saliency of a structure compared to its surroundings. In this paper we present a method for 3D motion and structure analysis that uses a planar surface in the environment as a reference coordinate system to describe a video sequence. The motion in the video sequence is described as the motion of the reference plane, and the parallax motion of all the non-planar components of the scene. It is shown how this method simplifies the otherwise hard general 3D motion analysis problem. In addition, a natural coordinate system in the environment is used to describe the scene which can simplify motion based segmentation. This work is a part of an ongoing effort in our group towards video annotation and analysis for indexing and retrieval. Results from a demonstration system being developed are presented.
System synchronization and channel estimation analysis for IEEE 802.16e OFDMA downlink system

System synchronization and channel estimation are two key problems of IEEE 802.16e Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA) downlink system. According to the standard, system synchronization is completed through the cell search procedure, which includes two steps: frame detection and cell‐ID identification. First, based on the special time‐domain (TD) and frequency‐domain (FD) structures of the preamble, we propose two novel frame detection ms: the TD algorithm and the FD algorithm. Their robustness performance is nearly the same, and the complexity of the FD algorithm is only ${{1} \over{31}}$ of that of the TD algorithm. Then, an efficient cell‐ID identification algorithm is proposed, in which the necessary correlation length can be dramatically shortened even without any a priori channel knowledge. Thereby, it greatly reduces the cell search time. As for the problem of channel estimation, a cluster‐based channel estimation method is proposed. It is based on the special pilot distribution of IEEE 802.16e and utilizes the continuity of channel variations to mitigate the impact of time‐variant channel. System simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are both robust and efficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale rough set data analysis with application to stock performance modeling

Multiscale Rough Set Data Analysis (MSRSDA) combines the feature selection and feature extraction ability of RSDA with the multiresolution property of the wavelet transform. RSDA removes the irrelevant (having no impact on prediction performance) and dependent (having no discriminatory power) market variables from the multivariate time series data matrix, thereby improving generalization capability of the forecasting engine (neural network, fuzzy inference system). A wavelet transform is used to decompose the time series into varying scales of resolution so that the underlying temporal structures of the original time series become more tractable; the decomposition is additive in details and approximation. Significance of market variables at various wavelet scales representing "detailed" short-term history and "general" long-term history of the time series, is computed using RSDA in wavelet space. Irrelevant and redundant variables at each scale are removed and a forecasting engine is then trained on each of the relevant resolution scales (i.e., those scales where significant events are detected); individual wavelets forecasts are recombined to form the overall forecast. The superior performance of MSRSDA is illustrated through stock performance modeling example. For prediction of S&P500 index, a data matrix of 21 variables has been used. MSRSDA gives 69% accuracy on stock-trend prediction.
Comparison of an espB gene fecal polymerase chain reaction assay with bacteriologic isolation for detection of Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice.

PURPOSE To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for specific detection of Citrobacter rodentium in fecal samples of mice and to compare this assay with bacterial isolation and identification methods. METHODS The target sequence of the PCR assay was the espB gene encoding a secreted virulence factor. To facilitate visual identification during primary isolation on MacConkey agar containing ampicillin, C. rodentium ATCC type strain 51459 was transformed by use of a plasmid encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and ampicillin resistance. The EGFP-C. rodentium was inoculated into Swiss Webster (SW) mice to study the time course of detection of the organism by use of fecal PCR analysis, bacterial isolation, and development of colonic hyperplasia by light microscopy. Lactose-fermenting fluorescent bacterial colonies identified during primary isolation of fecal bacteria on MacConkey-ampicillin agar were identified by use of biochemical typing. RESULTS Mice inoculated with EGFP-transformed C. rodentium developed colonic mucosal hyperplasia, characterized by a three-fold increase in colonic crypt height that peaked at post-inoculation day (PID) 14. The espB PCR assay detected as little as 0.3 colony-forming units of C. rodentium. The PCR assay was specific in that it did not detect the espB gene of Escherichia coli 0157. Results of in vivo studies in SW mice indicated that EGFP-C. rodentium could be detected by use of espB fecal PCR analysis in 100% of inoculated mice tested on PID 1, 3, 7, and 8, in 60% on PID 9, and in 20% on PID 10 (n = 5). Bacterial isolation from the same fecal samples detected the organism in 100% of the inoculated mice on PID 7, in 50% on PID 8, and in none on subsequent PID 9-14. The ability of the PCR assay to detect C. rodentium in fresh feces of inoculated mice was significantly better than that of bacterial isolation methods (Fisher-Irwin exact test, P < 0.01). At the time of peak colonic hyperplasia, the organism could no longer be cultivated or detected in mice by use of fecal PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS The EGFP-C. rodentium was capable of inducing transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia similar to that previously reported in SW mice. The PCR assay for detection of the espB gene sequence of C. rodentium in total fecal DNA was a more sensitive diagnostic assay than was bacterial isolation.
Limitations of Delayed State Feedback: a Numerical Study

Stabilization of a class of linear time-delay systems can be achieved by a numerical procedure, called the continuous pole placement method [Michiels et al., 2000]. This method can be seen as an extension of the classical pole placement algorithm for ordinary differential equations to a class of delay differential equations. In [Michiels et al., 2000] it was applied to the stabilization of a linear time-invariant system with an input delay using static state feedback. In this paper we study the limitations of such delayed state feedback laws. More precisely we completely characterize the class of stabilizable plants in the 2D-case. For that purpose we make use of numerical continuation techniques. The use of delayed state feedback in various control applications and the effect of its limitations are briefly discussed.