Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On cosmopolitanism and international adjustment : an ethnography of self-initiated foreign work experiences in India

AbstractName of the University: University of ManchesterCandidate: Martina Annette MettgenbergDegree Title: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Thesis Title: On Cosmopolitanism and International Adjustment: An Ethnography of Self-Initiated Foreign Work Experiences In IndiaDate: Dec 2010Cosmopolitanism is widely debated in the literature of business and management and social sciences. It is often seen as a solution to the problem of international employees? maladjustment. The literature has predominantly examined the experiences of labour migrants and expatriates. In recent years, self-initiated foreign work experiences (SFE) have gained more relevance. Demographically, economically, socially and culturally, SFEs are situated in the ? middle? between labour migrants and expatriates. Yet, concomitant discussions of a ? middle? of cosmopolitanism and the exploration of everyday life of this middle cosmopolitanism have been rare. Conceptualising SFE processes is vital for a more holistic and effective understanding of international adjustment and cosmopolitanism. To this end, the study provides an ethnography of SFEs? everyday lives. In particular, it examines the backgrounds and current experiences of international employees (IEs) in India? s knowledge process offshoring (KPO) industry at work, at home and outside their homes. At work, IEs displayed and created attachments to their work, India and the local through their colleagues and friends. At home, IEs in different company apartments demonstrated various processes of sharing and learning despite cultural and linguistic differences. Outside their homes, IEs engaged in numerous leisure activities revealing IEs? motivations and ways in which IEs adjusted. The study offers two findings. Throughout their activities at work, homes and in India, IEs balanced emotions and reasons, negotiated the global and local and self-flexibility and externally required flexibility. IEs also engaged in friendships to various degrees. Both findings of IEs? activities reveal complex dynamics of SFE adjustment and cosmopolitanism. The findings built the foundation for a new framework to understand SFE cosmopolitanism and international adjustment.
Tracing the Evolution of Agglomeration Economies: Spain, 1860–1991

Using district population in Spain between 1860 and 1991, recorded approximately every decade, this article examines whether initial population affects subsequent population growth. While such a relationship between these two variables hardly existed during the second half of the nineteenth century, this link increased significantly between 1910 and 1970, although this trend was abruptly interrupted by the Civil War and the autarkic period that followed. The intensity of this relationship decreased in the 1970s, a process that continued during the 1980s. Our findings also stress that agglomeration economies were stronger in medium-size districts, especially from 1960 onwards.
Crystal structure of the yeast cytoplasmic thioredoxin Trx2

Rui Bao, Yuxing Chen,* Ya-Jun Tang, Joel Janin, and Cong-Zhao Zhou* Protein Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China Yeast Structural Genomics, IBBMC UMR 8619, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405-Orsay, France
Cognitive Ability as a Resource for Everyday Functioning among older Adults who are Visually Impaired

This article reports on a study that investigated the role of cognitive resources in the everyday functioning of 121 older adults who were visually impaired and 150 sighted older adults, with a mean age of 82 years. Cognitive performance and everyday functioning were most strongly related in the group who were visually impaired. The authors conclude that cognitive training enhances independent living skills.
Parquesoft": A study of social entrepreneurship in software industry cluster in Cali, Colombia"

El cambio institucional ocurrido en los ultimos anos en los paises en desarrollo como Colombia soporta y legitimiza actividades productivas e innovativas. Pero esta dinamica reciente ha sido igno rada; por el contrario la literatura en ciencias sociales se ha concentrado en el estudio de las actividades destructivas y criminales. El problema de estudio es entender como en paises como Colom bia, el desarrollo de sectores industriales formales como el software se basa en las redes informales existentes, las cuales emergen como una respuesta a las sociedades exclusivistas pre-industriales. En particular entender como el "Efecto Tunel", termino introducido por Albert Hirschman en los 70's, emerge como una organizacion alternativa para coordinar recursos productivos en sociedades inequitativas. El estudio de caso es sobre Parquesoft, un ejemplo de esta nueva industria formal en Colombia basada en un grupo diferente de valores y objetivos que marcan la diferencia en la manera de hacer negocios y pensar el desarrollo.
Anti-sensornet: Intruders and countermeasure

This article addresses a new area of sensor networks — the anti-sensornet. Though the term anti-sensornet is scattered throughout literature, there is no systematic description of the anti-sensornet. In this article, we provide an introduction to anti-sensornet by analyzing the behaviors of intelligent intruders and the methods used to confront them including hiding sensor networks, enhancing detection capabilities and recovering from successful attacks.
An Algorithm that Infers Theories from Facts

A framework for inductive inference in logic is presented: a Model Inference Problem is defined, and it is shown that problems of machine learning and program synthesis from examples can be formulated naturally as model inference problems. A general, incremental inductive inference algorithm for solving model inference problems is developed. This algorithm is based on Popper's methodology of conjectures and refutations [II]. The algorithm can be shown to identify in the limit [3] any model in a family of complexity classes of models, is most powerful of its kind, and is flexible enough to have been successfully implemented for several concrete domains. The Model Inference System is a Prolog implementation of this algorithm, specialized to infer theories in Horn form. It can infer axiomatizations of concrete models from a small number of facts in a practical amount of time.
PCFGs with Syntactic and Prosodic Indicators of Speech Repairs

A grammatical method of combining two kinds of speech repair cues is presented. One cue, prosodic disjuncture, is detected by a decision tree-based ensemble classifier that uses acoustic cues to identify where normal prosody seems to be interrupted (Lickley, 1996). The other cue, syntactic parallelism, codifies the expectation that repairs continue a syntactic category that was left unfinished in the reparandum (Levelt, 1983). The two cues are combined in a Treebank PCFG whose states are split using a few simple tree transformations. Parsing performance on the Switchboard and Fisher corpora suggests that these two cues help to locate speech repairs in a synergistic way.
On the Computational Complexity of Matrix Semigroup Problems

Most computational problems for matrix semigroups and groups are inherently difficult to solve and even undecidable starting from dimension three. The questions about the decidability and complexity of problems for two-dimensional matrix semigroups remain open and are directly linked with other challenging problems in the field. In this paper we study the computational complexity of the problem of determining whether the identity matrix belongs to a matrix semigroup (the Identity Problem) generated by a finite set of 2 × 2 integral unimodular matrices. The Identity Problem for matrix semigroups is a well-known challenging problem, which has remained open in any dimension until recently. It is currently known that the problem is decidable in dimension two and undecidable starting from dimension four. In particular, we show that the Identity Problem for 2 × 2 integral unimodular matrices is NP-hard by a reduction of the Subset Sum Problem and several new encoding techniques. An upper bound for the nontrivial decidability result by C. Choffrut and J. Karhumaki is unknown. However, we derive a lower bound on the minimum length solution to the Identity Problem for a constructible set of instances, which is exponential in the number of matrices of the generator set and the maximal element of the matrices. This shows that the most obvious candidate for an NP algorithm, which is to guess the shortest sequence of matrices which multiply to give the identity matrix, does not work correctly since the certificate would have a length which is exponential in the size of the instance. Both results lead to a number of corollaries confirming the same bounds for vector reachability, scalar reachability and zero in the right upper corner problems.
A self-training approach for resolving object coreference on the semantic web

An object on the Semantic Web is likely to be denoted with multiple URIs by different parties. Object coreference resolution is to identify "equivalent" URIs that denote the same object. Driven by the Linking Open Data (LOD) initiative, millions of URIs have been explicitly linked with owl:sameAs statements, but potentially coreferent ones are still considerable. Existing approaches address the problem mainly from two directions: one is based upon equivalence inference mandated by OWL semantics, which finds semantically coreferent URIs but probably omits many potential ones; the other is via similarity computation between property-value pairs, which is not always accurate enough. In this paper, we propose a self-training approach for object coreference resolution on the Semantic Web, which leverages the two classes of approaches to bridge the gap between semantically coreferent URIs and potential candidates. For an object URI, we firstly establish a kernel that consists of semantically coreferent URIs based on owl:sameAs, (inverse) functional properties and (max-)cardinalities, and then extend such kernel iteratively in terms of discriminative property-value pairs in the descriptions of URIs. In particular, the discriminability is learnt with a statistical measurement, which not only exploits key characteristics for representing an object, but also takes into account the matchability between properties from pragmatics. In addition, frequent property combinations are mined to improve the accuracy of the resolution. We implement a scalable system and demonstrate that our approach achieves good precision and recall for resolving object coreference, on both benchmark and large-scale datasets.
Randomized controlled trial of perioperative antimicrobial therapy based on the results of preoperative bile cultures in patients undergoing biliary reconstruction

The high frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs) after hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) surgery is a problem that needs to be addressed. This prospective, randomized, controlled study examined whether perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics based on preoperative bile culture results in HPB surgery could decrease SSI.
Context and observation driven latent variable model for human pose estimation

Current approaches to pose estimation and tracking can be classified into two categories: generative and discriminative. While generative approaches can accurately determine human pose from image observations, they are computationally expensive due to search in the high dimensional human pose space. On the other hand, discriminative approaches do not generalize well, but are computationally efficient. We present a hybrid model that combines the strengths of the two in an integrated learning and inference framework. We extend the Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM) to include an embedding from observation space (the space of image features) to the latent space. GPLVM is a generative model, but the inclusion of this mapping provides a discriminative component, making the model observation driven. Observation Driven GPLVM (OD-GPLVM) not only provides a faster inference approach, but also more accurate estimates (compared to GPLVM) in cases where dynamics are not sufficient for the initialization of search in the latent space. We also extend OD-GPLVM to learn and estimate poses from parameterized actions/gestures. Parameterized gestures are actions which exhibit large systematic variation in joint angle space for different instances due to difference in contextual variables. For example, the joint angles in a forehand tennis shot are function of the height of the ball (Figure 2). We learn these systematic variations as a function of the contextual variables. We then present an approach to use information from scene/objects to provide context for human pose estimation for such parameterized actions.
Fabrication of a nanocarrier system through self-assembly of plasma protein and its tumor targeting

Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles hold great promise as a nanocarrier system for targeted drug delivery. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of preparing size controllable albumin nanoparticles using the disulfide bond breaking reagent β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). The results showed that the protein concentration and temperature had positive effects on the sizes of the albumin nanoparticles, while pH had a negative effect on the rate of nanoparticle formation. The addition of β-ME induced changes in HSA secondary structure and exposed the hydrophobic core of HSA, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. Human serum albumin nanoparticles could be internalized by MCF-7 cells and mainly accumulated in cytoplasm. After injection in tumor bearing mice, the HSA nanoparticles accumulated in tumor tissues, demonstrating the targeting ability of the nanoparticles. Therefore, human serum albumin can be fabricated into nanoparticles by breaking the disulfide bonds and these nanoparticles exhibit high tumor targeting ability. Human serum albumin nanoparticles could be ideal for the targeted delivery of pharmacologically active substances.
TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

A method for matching three-dimensional objects against a library of models from an observed sequence of silhouettes is presented in this correspondence. Based upon the observed silhouettes, the threedimensional structure of the object is constructed and refined. The principal moments and three primary silhouettes are computed for the constructed three-dimensional objects to represent the aggregate and detailed structure parameters. The adaptive matching technique requires that sufficient silhouettes be added to modify the structure of the unknown object until consistent and steady matching results are obtained. The library for matching is based on three primary silhouettes of the model objects. Experiments conducted show a fast convergence to a consistent result may be achieved provided that a reasonable choice of silhouettes is made.
Neural Sensitivity to Absolute and Relative Anticipated Reward in Adolescents

Adolescence is associated with a dramatic increase in risky and impulsive behaviors that have been attributed to developmental differences in neural processing of rewards. In the present study, we sought to identify age differences in anticipation of absolute and relative rewards. To do so, we modified a commonly used monetary incentive delay (MID) task in order to examine brain activity to relative anticipated reward value (neural sensitivity to the value of a reward as a function of other available rewards). This design also made it possible to examine developmental differences in brain activation to absolute anticipated reward magnitude (the degree to which neural activity increases with increasing reward magnitude). While undergoing fMRI, 18 adolescents and 18 adult participants were presented with cues associated with different reward magnitudes. After the cue, participants responded to a target to win money on that trial. Presentation of cues was blocked such that two reward cues associated with $. 20, $1.00, or $5.00 were in play on a given block. Thus, the relative value of the $1.00 reward varied depending on whether it was paired with a smaller or larger reward. Reflecting age differences in neural responses to relative anticipated reward (i.e., reference dependent processing), adults, but not adolescents, demonstrated greater activity to a $1 reward when it was the larger of the two available rewards. Adults also demonstrated a more linear increase in ventral striatal activity as a function of increasing absolute reward magnitude compared to adolescents. Additionally, reduced ventral striatal sensitivity to absolute anticipated reward (i.e., the difference in activity to medium versus small rewards) correlated with higher levels of trait Impulsivity. Thus, ventral striatal activity in anticipation of absolute and relative rewards develops with age. Absolute reward processing is also linked to individual differences in Impulsivity.
Delta-like 4 is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment

Thymic T cell lineage commitment is dependent on Notch1 (N1) receptor–mediated signaling. Although the physiological ligands that interact with N1 expressed on thymic precursors are currently unknown, in vitro culture systems point to Delta-like 1 (DL1) and DL4 as prime candidates. Using DL1- and DL4-lacZ reporter knock-in mice and novel monoclonal antibodies to DL1 and DL4, we show that DL4 is expressed on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), whereas DL1 is not detected. The function of DL4 was further explored in vivo by generating mice in which DL4 could be specifically inactivated in TECs or in hematopoietic progenitors. Although loss of DL4 in hematopoietic progenitors did not perturb thymus development, inactivation of DL4 in TECs led to a complete block in T cell development coupled with the ectopic appearance of immature B cells in the thymus. These immature B cells were phenotypically indistinguishable from those developing in the thymus of conditional N1 mutant mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DL4 is the essential and nonredundant N1 ligand responsible for T cell lineage commitment. Moreover, they strongly suggest that N1-expressing thymic progenitors interact with DL4-expressing TECs to suppress B lineage potential and to induce the first steps of intrathymic T cell development.
An Essential Nuclear Protein in Trypanosomes Is a Component of mRNA Transcription/Export Pathway

In eukaryotic cells, different RNA species are exported from the nucleus via specialized pathways. The mRNA export machinery is highly integrated with mRNA processing, and includes a different set of nuclear transport adaptors as well as other mRNA binding proteins, RNA helicases, and NPC-associated proteins. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a widespread and neglected human disease which is endemic to Latin America. Gene expression in Trypanosoma has unique characteristics, such as constitutive polycistronic transcription of protein-encoding genes and mRNA processing by trans-splicing. In general, post-transcriptional events are the major points for regulation of gene expression in these parasites. However, the export pathway of mRNA from the nucleus is poorly understood. The present study investigated the function of TcSub2, which is a highly conserved protein ortholog to Sub2/ UAP56, a component of the Transcription/Export (TREX) multiprotein complex connecting transcription with mRNA export in yeast/human. Similar to its orthologs, TcSub2 is a nuclear protein, localized in dispersed foci all over the nuclei —except the fibrillar center of nucleolus— and at the interface between dense and non-dense chromatin areas, proposing the association of TcSub2 with transcription/processing sites. These findings were analyzed further by BrUTP incorporation assays and confirmed that TcSub2 is physically associated with active RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), but not RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I) or Spliced Leader (SL) transcription, demonstrating participation particularly in nuclear mRNA metabolism in T. cruzi. The double knockout of the TcSub2 gene is lethal in T. cruzi, suggesting it has an essential function. Alternatively, RNA interference assays were performed in Trypanosoma brucei. It allowed demonstrating that besides being an essential protein, its knockdown causes mRNA accumulation in the nucleus and decrease of translation levels, reinforcing that Trypanosoma-Sub2 (Tryp-Sub2) is a component of mRNA transcription/export pathway in trypanosomes.
The Denoised Web Treebank: Evaluating Dependency Parsing under Noisy Input Conditions

We introduce the Denoised Web Treebank: a treebank including a normalization layer and a corresponding evaluation metric for dependency parsing of noisy text, such as Tweets. This benchmark enables the evaluation of parser robustness as well as text normalization methods, including normalization as machine translation and unsupervised lexical normalization, directly on syntactic trees. Experiments show that text normalization together with a combination of domain-specific and generic part-of-speech taggers can lead to a significant improvement in parsing accuracy on this test set.
Target Tracking In Real Time Surveillance Cameras and Videos

Security concerns has been kept on increasing, so it is important for everyone to keep their property safe from thefts and destruction. So the need for surveillance techniques are also increasing. The system has been developed to detect the motion in a video. A system has been developed for real time applications by using the techniques of background subtraction and frame differencing. In this system, motion is detected from the webcam or from the real time video. Background subtraction and frames differencing method has been used to detect the moving target. In background subtraction method, current frame is subtracted from the referenced frame and then the threshold is applied. If the difference is greater than the threshold then it is considered as the pixel from the moving object, otherwise it is considered as background pixel. Similarly, two frames difference method takes difference between two continuous frames. Then that resultant difference frame is thresholded and the amount of difference pixels is calculated.
BDNF Promotes Differentiation and Maturation of Adult-born Neurons through GABAergic Transmission

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in regulating adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus; however, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we found that Bdnf mRNA localized to distal dendrites of dentate gyrus granule cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice, but not from Bdnfklox/klox mice where the long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Bdnf mRNA is truncated. KCl-induced membrane depolarization stimulated release of dendritic BDNF translated from long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA in cultured hippocampal neurons, but not from short 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA. Bdnfklox/klox mice exhibited reduced expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (a GABA synthase), increased proliferation of progenitor cells, and impaired differentiation and maturation of newborn neurons in the SGZ. These deficits in adult neurogenesis were rescued with administration of phenobarbital, an enhancer of GABAA receptor activity. Furthermore, we observed similar neurogenesis deficits in mice where the receptor for BDNF, TrkB, was selectively abolished in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons. Thus, our data suggest that locally synthesized BDNF in dendrites of granule cells promotes differentiation and maturation of progenitor cells in the SGZ by enhancing GABA release, at least in part, from PV-expressing GABAergic interneurons.