Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear-time Detection of Non-linear Changes in Massively High Dimensional Time Series

Change detection in multivariate time series has applications in many domains, including health care and network monitoring. A common approach to detect changes is to compare the divergence between the distributions of a reference window and a test window. When the number of dimensions is very large, however, the naive approach has both quality and efficiency issues: to ensure robustness the window size needs to be large, which not only leads to missed alarms but also increases runtime. To this end, we propose LIGHT, a linear-time algorithm for robustly detecting non-linear changes in massively high dimensional time series. Importantly, LIGHT provides high flexibility in choosing the window size, allowing the domain expert to fit the level of details required. To do such, we 1) perform scalable PCA to reduce dimensionality, 2) perform scalable factorization of the joint distribution, and 3) scalably compute divergences between these lower dimensional distributions. Extensive empirical evaluation on both synthetic and real-world data show that LIGHT outperforms state of the art with up to 100% improvement in both quality and efficiency.
Amplitude and phase of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: experimental studies and review of the literature.

OBJECT A recently developed model of communicating hydrocephalus suggests that ventricular dilation may be related to the redistribution of pulsations in the cranium from the subarachnoid spaces (SASs) into the ventricles. Based on this model, the authors have developed a method for analyzing flow pulsatility in the brain by using the ratio of aqueductal to cervical subarachnoid stroke volume and the phase of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which is obtained at multiple locations throughout the cranium, relative to the phase of arterial flow. METHODS Flow data were collected in a group of 15 healthy volunteers by using a series of images acquired with cardiac-gated, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The stroke volume ratio was 5.1 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- standard deviation). The phase lag in the aqueduct was -52.5 +/-16.5 degrees and the phase lag in the prepontine cistern was -22.1 +/- 8.2 degrees. The flow phase at the level of C-2 was -5.1 +/- 10.5 degrees, which was consistent with flow synchronous with the arterial pulse. The subarachnoid phase lag ventral to the pons was shown to decrease progressively to zero at the craniocervical junction. Flow in the posterior cervical SAS preceded the anterior space flow. CONCLUSIONS Under normal conditions, pulsatile ventricular CSF flow is a small fraction of the net pulsatile CSF flow in the cranium. A thorough review of the literature supports the view that modified intracranial compliance can lead to redistribution of pulsations and increased intraventricular pulsations. The phase of CSF flow may also reflect the local and global compliance of the brain.
Relationship between colouration and body condition in a crab spider that lures pollinators

SUMMARY Sit-and-wait predators have evolved several traits that increase the probability of encountering prey, including lures that attract prey. Although most crab spiders (Thomisidae) are known by their ability to change colour in order to match the background, a few use a different strategy. They are UV-reflective, creating a colour contrast against UV-absorbing flowers that is attractive for pollinators. The nature of the relationship between colour contrast and foraging success is unknown, as is how spiders trade off the potential costs and benefits of strong colour contrast. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between spider colouration, foraging success and background colouration in a crab spider species known to lure pollinators via UV reflectance (Thomisus spectabilis). Field data revealed that spider body condition – a proxy of past foraging success – is positively related to overall colour contrast. We experimentally tested the effect of satiation and background colour on spider colour change. Throughout the experiment, spiders changed their colour contrast regardless of their food intake, suggesting that colour contrast and the UV component contributing to overall contrast are not caused by spider condition. Although spiders responded to different backgrounds by subtly changing their body colour, this did not result in colour matching. We believe that the observed variation in colour contrast and hence conspicuousness in the field, coupled with the spiders’ reaction to our manipulation, could be the result of plasticity in response to prey.
Projective clustering in high dimensions using core-sets

(MATH) Let <i>P</i> be a set of <i>n</i> points in $\Re<sup>d</sup>, and for any integer <i>0</i> &xie; <i>k</i> &xie; <i>d</i>--1, let $\RD<inf>k</inf>(<i>P</i>) denote the minimum over all <i>k</i>-flats $\FLAT$ of max<inf>pε<i>P</i> </inf> Dist(<i>p</i>,\FLAT). We present an algorithm that computes, for any <i>0</i> < ε < 1, a <i>k</i>-flat that is within a distance of (1 + $egr;) \RD<inf>k</inf>(<i>P</i>) from each point of <i>P</i>. The running time of the algorithm is <i>d</i>n<sup>O(k/ε<sup>5</sup>log(1/ε))</sup>. The crucial step in obtaining this algorithm is a structural result that says that there is a near-optimal flat that lies in an affine subspace spanned by a small subset of points in <i>P</i>. The size of this "core-set" depends on <i>k</i> and ε but is independent of the dimension.This approach also extends to the case where we want to find a <i>k</i>-flat that is close to a prescribed fraction of the entire point set, and to the case where we want to find <i>j</i> flats, each of dimension <i>k</i>, that are close to the point set. No efficient approximation schemes were known for these problems in high-dimensions, when <i>k</i>>1 or <i>j</i>>1.
Binding of Caspase-3 Prodomain to Heat Shock Protein 27 Regulates Monocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting Caspase-3 Proteolytic Activation*

Caspase-3 is an essential executioner of apoptosis responsible for regulating many important cellular processes, among them the number of circulating monocytes, central players in the innate immune response. The activation of caspase-3 requires its processing from an inactive precursor. Here we show that the small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) associates with caspase-3 and protein-protein interaction experiments in vivo and with purified proteins demonstrate a direct interaction between Hsp27 and the amino-terminal prodomain of caspase-3. Using an in vitro caspase-3 activation assay, our results further establish that the interaction of Hsp27 with the caspase-3 prodomain inhibits the second proteolytic cleavage necessary for caspase-3 activation, revealing a novel mechanism for the regulation of this effector caspase. Hsp27 expression in monocytes is constitutive. Consistent with a central role of Hsp27 in blocking caspase-3 activation, Hsp27 down-regulation by double-stranded RNA interference induces apoptosis of macrophages, whereas Hsp27 overexpression increases the life span of monocytes by inhibiting apoptosis. Highlighting the importance of cell partitioning in the regulation of apoptosis, immunofluorescence, and subcellular fractionation studies revealed that whereas both caspase-3 and Hsp27 are cytoplasmic in fresh monocytes (i.e. not undergoing apoptosis), Hsp27 moves to the nucleus during apoptosis, a relocalization that can be blocked by promoting the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages or by inhibiting cell death. These results reveal a novel mechanism of caspase-3 regulation and underscore a novel and fundamental role of Hsp27 in the regulation of monocyte life span.
Research to Practice (and Back Again) in Speech‐Language Intervention

Three theses are developed in this article. First, although they share the common goal of striving toward the best intervention services possible, clinical practice and experimental intervention research are different in fundamental and practically significant ways. Second, nonexperimental research, some of which can be implemented by clinicians, provides an essential bridge between experimental investigation and clinical application. Third, professional and academic bodies governing speech-language pathology must take steps to ensure that speech-language professionals in research and clinical practice work in a complementary manner to develop and test the most effective intervention methods possible.
Neural correlates of reward processing in healthy siblings of patients with schizophrenia

Deficits in motivational behavior and psychotic symptoms often observed in schizophrenia (SZ) may be driven by dysfunctional reward processing (RP). RP can be divided in two different stages; reward anticipation and reward consumption. Aberrant processing during reward anticipation seems to be related to SZ. Studies in patients with SZ have found less activation in the ventral striatum (VS) during anticipation of reward, but these findings do not provide information on effect of the genetic load on reward processing. Therefore, this study investigated RP in healthy first-degree relatives of SZ patients. The sample consisted of 94 healthy siblings of SZ patients and 57 healthy controls. Participants completed a classic RP task, the Monetary Incentive Delay task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As expected, there were no behavioral differences between groups. In contrast to our expectations, we found no differences in any of the anticipatory reward related brain areas (region of interest analyses). Whole-brain analyses did reveal group differences during both reward anticipation and reward consumption; during reward anticipation siblings showed less deactivation in the insula, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. During reward consumption siblings showed less deactivation in the PCC and the right MFG compared to controls and activation in contrast to deactivation in controls in the precuneus and the left MFG. Exclusively in siblings, MFG activity correlated positively with subclinical negative symptoms. These regions are typically associated with the default mode network (DMN), which normally shows decreases in activation during task-related cognitive processes. Thus, in contrast to prior literature in patients with SZ, the results do not point to altered brain activity in classical RP brain areas, such as the VS. However, the weaker deactivation found outside the reward-related network in siblings could indicate reduced task-related suppression (i.e., hyperactivation) of the DMN. The presence of DMN hyperactivation during reward anticipation and reward consumption might indicate that siblings of patients with SZ have a higher baseline level of DMN activation and possible abnormal network functioning.
Fracture Healing Is Delayed in Immunodeficient NOD/scid‑﻿IL2Rγ﻿cnull Mice

Following bone fracture, the repair process starts with an inflammatory reaction at the fracture site. Fracture healing is disturbed when the initial inflammation is increased or prolonged, whereby, a balanced inflammatory response is anticipated to be crucial for fracture healing, because it may induce down-stream responses leading to tissue repair. However, the impact of the immune response on fracture healing remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated bone healing in NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice, which exhibit severe defects in innate and adaptive immunity, by biomechanical testing, histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. We demonstrated that NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice exhibited normal skeletal anatomy and a mild bone phenotype with a slightly reduced bone mass in the trabecular compartment in comparison to immunocompetent Balb/c mice. Fracture healing was impaired in immunodeficient NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice. Callus bone content was unaffected during the early healing stage, whereas it was significantly reduced during the later healing period. Concomitantly, the amount of cartilage was significantly increased, indicating delayed endochondral ossification, most likely due to the decreased osteoclast activity observed in cells isolated from NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice. Our results suggest that—under aseptic, uncomplicated conditions—the immediate immune response after fracture is non-essential for the initiation of bone formation. However, an intact immune system in general is important for successful bone healing, because endochondral ossification is delayed in immunodeficient NOD/scid-IL2Rγcnull mice.
Smart Grid architecture for monitoring and analyzing, including modbus and REST performance comparison

Smart Grid, Smart Metering, Electromobility and the regulation of the power network are keywords of the transition in energy policies. In the future, the power grid will be smart. Due to this the OTH Regensburg does research in this area based on different projects. This paper presents a data collection, analyzing and monitoring software for a reference Smart Grid. We discuss two possible architectures for collecting data from energy analyzers. The performance is analyzed with respect to real-time monitoring, analyzing load peaks and automated regulation of the power grid.
Expression and functionality of histone H2A variants in cancer

Regulation of gene expression includes the replacement of canonical histones for non-allelic histone variants, as well as their multiple targeting by postranslational modifications. H2A variants are highly conserved between species suggesting they execute important functions that cannot be accomplished by canonical histones. Altered expression of many H2A variants is associated to cancer. MacroH2A variants are enriched in heterocromatic foci and are necessary for chromatin condensation. MacroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2 are two mutually exclusive isoforms. MacroH2A1.1 and macroH2A2 inhibit proliferation and are associated with better cancer prognosis; while macroH2A1.2 is associated to cancer progression. H2AX variant functions as a sensor of DNA damage and defines the cellular response towards DNA repair or apoptosis; therefore, screening approaches and therapeutic options targeting H2AX have been proposed. H2A.Z is enriched in euchromatin, acting as a proto-oncogene with established roles in hormone responsive cancers and overexpressed in endocrine-resistant disease. Other H2A family members have also been found altered in cancer, but their function remains unknown. Substantial progress has been made to understand histone H2A variants, their contribution to normal cellular function and to cancer development and progression. Yet, implementation of high resolution mass spectrometry is needed to further our knowledge on highly homologous H2A variants expression and function.
A decoupled fuzzy indirect adaptive sliding mode controller with application to robot manipulator

This paper presents a decoupled adaptive fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for robotic manipulators. This controller is proposed for a class of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with unknown non-linear dynamics. Indeed, an online fuzzy adaptation scheme is suggested to approximate unknown non-linear functions to design SMC. Moreover, the proposed controller is replaced by a local decoupled controller for each arm. The stability of the proposed control scheme is proved. As an illustration, the trajectory control of a two-degrees-of-freedom robotic manipulator is considered.
The Gradient Product Transform for Symmetry Detection and Blood Vessel Extraction

The "gradient product transform" is a recently proposed image filter for assigning each image point a symmetry score based on scalar products of gradients. In this article, we show that the originally suggested method for finding the radius of the symmetry region is unreliable, and a more robust method is presented. Moreover, we extend the symmetry transform to rectangular symmetry regions so that it is more robust with respect to skew, and the transform is generalised to also work with three dimensional image data. We apply the transform to two different problems: detection of objects with rotational symmetry, and blood vessel extraction from medical images. In an experimental comparison with other solutions for these problems, the gradient product transform performs comparable to the best known algorithm for rotational symmetry detection, and better than the vesselness filter for blood vessel extraction.
Existing molecular evidence regarding the Nesom Is subtribe Solidagininae ( Asteraceae ) monophyletic ?

The subtribe Solidagininae was first proposed by Hoffmann (1890), who closely followed Bentham’s (1873) view of the group (as Homochrominae). These early circumscriptions included a disparate range of yellow-rayed Astereae genera that represent at least seven currently recognized subtribes. Further broad-scale classification in this area was minimal until studies of restriction site variation in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) identified the outlines of two closely related groups of North American genera, one that included Solidago (Suh, 1989; Suh & Simpson, 1990; Morgan & Simpson, 1992). Morphological studies (Nesom, 1991a, b) supported these lineages, enabled the addition of genera not included in the molecular analyses, and resulted in three largely similar circumscriptions of the subtribe (Nesom, 1993, 1994, 2000a; representative taxa shown in Fig. 1). Morphologically, Solidaginineae are generally characterized by glandular-punctate leaves, a corymboid capitulescence, relatively few and primarily yellow rays, disc style branches with short-papillate collecting appendages, terete, multinerved cypselae with a 1-seriate pappus, and chromosome numbers based on x = 9 (Nesom, 1993). None of these features, however, is invariant within the group, and no single synapomorphy for the subtribe has been observed. The most clearly defined subgroup, the “Gutierrezia lineage” (Nesom, 1993; Fig. 2), can be recognized by the position of anther filament insertion (at the junction of the corolla tube and limb, in contrast to insertion well below the tube apex), heads mostly sessile and in glomerules, phyllaries with a viscid apical patch and weakly defined midvein, and turbinate, densely strigose-sericeous achenes. The “Gutierrezia group” (Nesom, 1993; Fig. 2), which appears to be a specialization of the Gutierrezia lineage, is further characterized by reduced chromosome numbers, shallowly cut and erect disc corolla lobes, and reduced pappus. Informal groupings of remaining Solidagininae taxa are less well defined. Solidagininae are essentially restricted to North America, except for the Eurasian Solidago virgaurea complex, the South American endemic Solidago microphylla, a subgroup of Gutierrezia that has radiated in South America, and Gundlachia, which occurs in the West Indies and northern South America. By far the greatest diversity of Solidagininae occurs in western North America, although species of Solidago have proliferated in eastern North America. Existing molecular evidence regarding the Nesom Is subtribe Solidagininae (Asteraceae) monophyletic?
Issues in structural health monitoring employing smart sensors

Smart sensors densely distributed over structures can provide rich information for structural monitoring using their onboard wireless communication and computational capabilities. However, issues such as time synchronization error, data loss, and dealing with large amounts of harvested data have limited the implementation of full-fledged systems. Limited network resources (e.g. battery power, storage space, bandwidth, etc.) make these issues quite challenging. This paper first investigates the effects of time synchronization error and data loss, aiming to clarify requirements on synchronization accuracy and communication reliability in SHM applications. Coordinated computing is then examined as a way to manage large amounts of data.
Effects of Metaphors on Children's Comprehension and Perception of Print Advertisements

Abstract In an experiment, children in three grade levels (second, fourth, and sixth) viewed four advertisements. The children were shown advertisements with either metaphors in both pictorial and verbal form or a literal equivalent. The sixth graders interpreted more metaphors correctly than the fourth and second graders. In terms of recall of advertised content, the sixth and fourth graders recalled brand names, products, and additional copy better than the second graders. Within each grade level, metaphors did not enhance children's recall of advertised content or perceptions of the understandability of the advertisements and liking of the advertised products. The authors speculate that metaphors are most likely to enhance recall under conditions in which the metaphor serves as a direct representation linking the metaphor to the advertised product. Their findings suggest that advertisers should be aware that young readers may have difficulty interpreting metaphors and that metaphors may not be more eff.
Will I Spend More in 12 Months or a Year? The Effect of Ease of Estimation and Confidence on Budget Estimates

Consumers' budgets are influenced by the temporal frame used for the budget period. Budgets planned for the next month are much lower than recorded expenses, while those for the next year are closer to recorded expenses (study 1). The difficulty of estimating budgets for the next year imparts low confidence and leads to upward adjustment. When consumers' confidence in their estimates is increased (study 2), when their natural beliefs about the relationship between cognitive ease and accuracy are reversed (study 3), or when cognitive resources are constrained (study 4), consumers no longer adjust their budgets upward for the next year.
The role of contextual factors in eliciting creativity: primes, cognitive load and expectation of performance feedback

Purpose – Managers are increasingly faced with situations that call for creative ways to engage consumers and employees. With online and offline options available for creative problem solving, consumers are constantly engaging with brands to provide different solutions to everyday problems. There are numerous contextual factors that influence creative output, external primes (distal vs proximal) being one of them. This research attempts to find the boundary conditions such as cognitive load, expectations of performance feedback and optimism that interact with environmental primes to influence quality and quantity of creativity. Doing so would help managers create conditions that can enhance creative output.Design/methodology/approach – Three experiments were conducted; the first tests the interactive effect of primes and cognitive load, and the second involves the enhancing effect of expectation of performance feedback. Given that cognitive load depresses creativity and expectation of performance feedback.