Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of dominant hysteresis phenomenon in perovskite solar cell

Understanding the physical origin of hysteresis in the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of perovskite solar cells is crucial for the progress of the technology. We do computational modeling to investigate the relative contribution of the ion migration and charge trapping - which are two of the major contender mechanisms that could potentially cause hysteresis in the J-V curve. We show that although ion migration could result in S shaped behavior in the J-V curve that is typically observed in hysteresis experiments, the best match with the experiment is obtained when a combination of the ion migration and charge trapping together contributes to hysteresis. The charge trapping without any ion migration, on the other hand, does not however result into S shaped behavior in J-V curves and could not be responsible for the hysteresis observed in experiments. The carriers accumulation at the edges of perovskite layer due to ion migration whereas trapping/detrapping in the charge traps are both functions of applied bias and could well explain the bias dependence of the space charge region at the edges of perovskite layer. Under short circuit condition, the donor type traps in the perovskite that are closer to the TiO2 junction remain filled with electrons and their charge state is neutral. With the application of forward bias, these traps have high probability of being empty and start acting like positive charges. This positive charge density opposes the negative charge that is developed by the migration/accumulation of negatively charged ions at this interface. The charge density scenario is therefore distinctly different between the case of ion migration only, and the case when ion migration and charge trapping both influence the space charge density. We study the effects of the density of ions, charge traps density and their energy location and explain their relative effect on hysteresis.
Sensor-Derived Physical Activity Parameters Can Predict Future Falls in People with Dementia

Background: There is a need for simple clinical tools that can objectively assess the fall risk in people with dementia. Wearable sensors seem to have the potential for fall prediction; however, there has been limited work performed in this important area. Objective: To explore the validity of sensor-derived physical activity (PA) parameters for predicting future falls in people with dementia. To compare sensor-based fall risk assessment with conventional fall risk measures. Methods: This was a cohort study of people with confirmed dementia discharged from a geriatric rehabilitation ward. PA was quantified using 24-hour motion-sensor monitoring at the beginning of the study. PA parameters (percentage of walking, standing, sitting, and lying; duration of single walking, standing, and sitting bouts) were extracted using specific algorithms. Conventional assessment included performance-based tests (Timed Up and Go Test, Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, 5-chair stand) and questionnaires (cognition, ADL status, fear of falling, depression, previous faller). Outcome measures were fallers (at least one fall in the 3-month follow-up period) versus non-fallers. Results: 77 people were included in the study (age 81.8 ± 6.3; community-dwelling 88%, institutionalized 12%). Surprisingly, fallers and non-fallers did not differ on any conventional assessment (p = 0.069-0.991), except for ‘previous faller' (p = 0.006). Interestingly, several PA parameters discriminated between the groups. The ‘walking bout average duration', ‘longest walking bout duration' and ‘walking bout duration variability' were lower in fallers, compared to non-fallers (p = 0.008-0.027). The ‘standing bout average duration' was higher in fallers (p = 0.050). Two variables, ‘walking bout average duration' [odds ratio (OR) 0.79, p = 0.012] and ‘previous faller' (OR 4.44, p = 0.007) were identified as independent predictors for falls. The OR for a ‘walking bout average duration' <15 s for predicting fallers was 6.30 (p = 0.020). Combining ‘walking bout average duration' and ‘previous faller' improved fall prediction (OR 7.71, p < 0.001, sensitivity/specificity 72%/76%). Discussion: Results demonstrate that sensor-derived PA parameters are independent predictors of the fall risk and may have higher diagnostic accuracy in persons with dementia compared to conventional fall risk measures. Our findings highlight the potential of telemonitoring technology for estimating the fall risk. Results should be confirmed in a larger study and by measuring PA over a longer period of time.
Low-Cost Load Balancing for Parallel Particle-in-Cell Simulations with Thick Overlapping Layers

This paper describes a parallel implementation of our practical particle-in-cell (PIC) simulator with the OhHelp dynamic load-balancing algorithm. Although the code parallelization is based on simple block domain decomposition, OhHelp accomplishes load balancing and thus the scalability in terms of the number of particles by making each computation node help another heavily loaded node. In addition to the OhHelp application, a number of additional layers overlapping with adjacent domains are newly introduced outside the boundaries of each subdomain for the purpose of minimizing overhead costs of OhHelp. The optimization can drastically reduce overhead costs for particle transfer among nodes, whereas it leads to increase in domain size which each node is responsible for. Despite this trade-off feature, the overlapping layer attachment and a further lower-level optimization exert 1.8-fold improvement of the PIC simulator performance. Consequently, the optimized simulator exhibits a good scalability and a stable efficiency in parallel executions using up to 4096 cores, showing small parallel efficiency degradation of 3% from 16- to 4096-core parallel executions.
Disequilibrium and Development

This study explored the mechanisms at play as new family counselors are learning to apply a systems approach. A qualitative case study was used to investigate the experiences of nine family counseling interns over two semesters of internship through the lens of constructive developmental theory. The findings extend our understanding by providing students' accounts of the ways by which disequilibrium preceded development when accommodation was stimulated, and the outcomes when assimilation occurred. It also generated data about positive emotional response to clients that is new and intriguing and which may impact developmental growth. Implications for counselor education that incorporate developmental considerations are presented.
Trade, People and Places: A Social Economic–Geographic Approach to Comparative Institutional Advantage

Abstract This paper examines the theoretical underpinning of contemporary trade policies through a social economics lens. The paper offers a social economic critique of the theory of comparative advantage and the recently developed theory of comparative institutional advantage. Subsequently, the paper develops a more comprehensive and general theory of comparative institutional advantage consistent with the principles and methodology of social economics. Furthermore, it suggests ways in which this social economic–geographic version of the theory of comparative institutional advantage can be used in the construction of trade policies which are more likely to have a beneficial impact on the welfare of communities and to foster the fulfilling of human needs and potential. This version of the theory serves to reorient the focus of economic policy to the welfare of the community and the income-generating possibilities of trade. And it serves as a superior guide to policymaking because it is better able to define the root causes of regional success than standard trade theories.
Online political participation, civic talk, and media multiplexity: how Taiwanese citizens express political opinions on the Web

This study seeks to assess the implications of the social use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for online political participation. Past research investigating the link between ICTs and political participation has emphasized the informational use of ICTs, overlooking their communication-enabling potentials for facilitating political talk in interpersonal spaces and subsequently, political participation in public domains. To understand further how ICTs as a means of communication may relate to political participation, we use data from the 2008 Taiwan Social Change Survey (N = 1076) to examine the relationship between the Internet and online political participation by looking at online media use for social interaction and engagement in civic talk online. Our findings suggest that interpersonal factors such as online civic talk and media multiplexity are positively associated with online political participation. Individuals who discuss politics with their friends via the Internet and those who use more types of online media for social interaction are more likely to contact legislators and elected officials directly via the Web and articulate their political thoughts in online public spaces such as forums, blogs, and websites of news media. We further offer an assessment of the findings' implications for political participation, political communication, and digital inequality.
Out-of-Band Ambiguity Analysis of Nonuniformly Sampled SAR Signals

High-resolution and wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images can be obtained by multichannel sampling. However, a nonoptimum pulse-repetition frequency is associated with a nonuniform spatial sampling in azimuth. A spectrum reconstruction algorithm and a filter group algorithm can be used to reconstruct the spectrum in azimuth with a nonuniform sampling. In this letter, a comparison of spectrum reconstruction algorithm and filter group algorithm is given. Through a transformation matrix, the relationship between out-of-band signals and the out-of-band signals after reconstruction is built. Furthermore, an equivalent spectrum after reconstruction is obtained, and simulation results proved that it is precise. From the equivalent spectrum, it shows that multichannel SAR can be seen as uniform sampling system but with a different original signal. Finally, channel imbalance is discussed. Simulation results have proved that the imbalance targets have the same location with corresponding ambiguous targets.
Feasibility of Acoustic Remote Sensing of Large Herring Shoals and Seafloor by Baleen Whales

Recent research has found a high spatial and temporal correlation between certain baleen whale vocalizations and peak herring spawning processes in the Gulf of Maine. These vocalizations are apparently related to feeding activities with suggested functions that include communication, prey manipulation, and echolocation. Here, the feasibility of the echolocation function is investigated. Physical limitations on the ability to detect large herring shoals and the seafloor by acoustic remote sensing are determined with ocean acoustic propagation, scattering, and statistical theories given baleen whale auditory parameters. Detection is found to be highly dependent on ambient noise conditions, herring shoal distributions, baleen whale time-frequency vocalization spectra, and geophysical parameters of the ocean waveguide. Detections of large herring shoals are found to be physically feasible in common Gulf of Maine herring spawning scenarios at up to 10 ± 6 km in range for humpback parameters and 1 ± 1 km for minke parameters but not for blue and fin parameters even at zero horizontal range. Detections of the seafloor are found to be feasible up to 2 ± 1 km for blue and humpback parameters and roughly 1 km for fin and minke parameters, suggesting that the whales share a common acoustic sensation of rudimentary features of the geophysical environment.
Localization calibration using illuminance sensor for pedestrian dead reckoning with smartphones

Pedestrian dead reckoning is a method of localization that uses inertial sensors to estimate the travelled distance from the previous position. This method can estimate the position when GPS or WiFi is not available such as indoor. However, pedestrian dead reckoning is subject to cumulative errors. In this paper, we exploit the fact that most of lights are located regularly in indoor environments. We calibrate the estimated position by pedestrian dead reckoning by the estimated distance between lights when we judge that lights are located regularly from the information obtained from illuminance sensor. In our proposed method, we do not need to know the position of lights. We judge whether lights are regularly located from the change of illuminance obtained by illuminance sensor in smartphone. When we judge that lights are regularly located, we calibrate the estimated position by the average estimated distance between lights. Our experimental results show that the accuracy of localization with our proposed method is higher than that of the conventional one that uses only inertial sensors.
Safe orthotopic transplantation of hearts harvested 24 hours after brain death and preserved for 24 hours

Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to demonstrate safe orthotopic transplantation of porcine donor hearts harvested 24 hours after brain death and preserved for 24 hours before transplantation. Design. Circulatory normalization of brain dead (decapitated) pigs was obtained using a new pharmacological regimen (n = 10). The donor hearts were perfused at 8 °C in cycles of 15 min perfusion followed by 60 min without perfusion. The perfusate consisted of an albumin-containing hyperoncotic cardioplegic nutrition solution with hormones and erythrocytes. Orthotopic transplantation was done in 10 recipient pigs after 24 hours’ preservation. Transplanted pigs were monitored for 24 hours, then an adrenaline stress test was done. Results. All transplanted pigs were stable throughout the 24-hour observation period with mean aortic pressure around 80 mmHg and normal urine production. Mean right and left atrial pressures were in the range of 3–6 and 5–10 mmHg, respectively. Blood gases at 24 hours did not differ from baseline values. The adrenaline test showed a dose dependent response, with aortic pressure increasing from 98/70 to 220/150 mmHg and heart rate from 110 to 185 beats/min. Conclusion. Orthotopic transplantation of porcine hearts harvested 24 hours after brain death and preserved for 24 hours can be done safely.
The Effectiveness of a Boys' Club in Reducing Delinquency

The delinquency rates for white boys in three areas of Louisville, Kentucky, were compared for the period 1944-1954. These areas were selected because they were similar in certain ecological characteristics. The delinquency rates decreased steadily over an eight-year period in the area where there was a Boys' Club. The delinquency rates in the two other areas with no youth-serving agencies increased over the same period of time. Some discussion is devoted to the limited nature of any conclusions that can be derived from a statistical study of this type in which several factors can not be controlled. The study indicates that the Boys' Club was probably one important factor in the decline in delinquency in an area of a city where delinquency was increasing in other sections.
Predictors of cancer awareness among older adult individuals in Jordan.

BACKGROUND Older age is associated with an increase in the incidence of cancer cases. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer in older adults can be stressful because of health decline related to age, comorbidities and inadequate treatment for pain and other symptoms of the disease. This survey is one of the unique studies in Jordan and in the Arab world that aimed at exploring the predictors of older adult individuals awareness towards cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stratified random sampling technique was followed to reach a representative sample of 753 participants. The questionnaire of the study consisted of parts regarding demographic variables, awareness about screening tests, and signs and symptoms of cancer. In addition, specific questions related to factors linked to cancer were included. Cross-sectional design was adopted with face-to-face interviews at the interviewees' households. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was about 63 years; around 44% of them are above the age of 65 years. 'Being convinced that having no health problem makes the individual feel safe and not at risk of getting cancer' was the major reason for not doing a routine health check-up. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of awareness about cancer, as well as the low use of the screening methods were crucial outcomes of this study. Thus, raising the awareness among health care providers and policy makers in the country about older adults' perception of cancer is a high priority.
The Materiality of Contract in Relation to ICT: Lessons from a Biography of Contract Management Software

This paper explores the materiality of contract in relation to ICT as illuminated by a biography of contract management software. Lessons learned are: that contracting is situated, entangled and dynamic and resists abstract, closed and static approaches to automation, the importance of material dimensions of contracting such as data practices (including data definition and extraction, data entry, data quality assurance, and the construction and integration of databases), scale in relation to cost, and industry, that while some contracts are suitable for algorithmic reduction, some are not, and the contract document is likely to remain important in relation to the latter, and that algorithmic reduction of contract does not necessarily generate synthesizing organizational contracting knowledge - an "enterprise view" of contract - but potentially confounds it. This study suggests as a basis for further research a theorization of contract as a technology of connectedness, in a relationship of potential convergence, complementarity and substitution with ICT.
A Family of Isolated Interleaved Boost and Buck Converters With Winding-Cross-Coupled Inductors

A boost-type converter is derived by inserting a third winding of the winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) between the secondary winding and the output diode of the interleaved flyback converter in this paper. A family of isolated interleaved boost or buck DC/DC converters with WCCIs is summarized by employing the four main types of interleaved structures, which is suitable for step-up or step-down isolated distribution power systems. Then, an interleaved flyback-boost converter with WCCIs and an active clamp circuit is analyzed as an example to explore the advantages of the derived converters. The active clamp scheme is adopted to recycle the leakage energy and to suppress the turn-off voltage spikes on MOSFETs. And only one set of active clamp circuit is necessary for the interleaved two phases. Zero voltage transition (ZVT) soft switching performances are achieved for all MOSFETs during the whole switching transition. Furthermore, the output diode turn-off current falling rate is controlled by the inherent leakage inductance of the WCCIs, and the output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated. A clear picture is made in this paper of the general law and structure of the isolated interleaved dc/dc converters with WCCIs. At last, a 650 W prototype with 48 V-to-180 V is built and tested to verify the theoretical analysis in this paper.
Stress, Locus of Control, and Role Satisfaction in Clinic and Control Mothers

We compared stress, locus-of-control, and role-satisfaction indices in clinic and control mothers. Participants were 67 mothers of children 2 to 10 years old. Twenty clinic-referred mothers had behavior problem children; 47 control mothers had relatively well-behaved children. Mothers completed the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, the Parenting Stress Index, the Parental Locus of control Scale, the Cleminshaw-Guidubaldi Parent Satisfaction Scale, a demographic inventory, and a consent form. Clinic mothers indicated higher levels of parenting stress, more external locus of control, and less satisfaction in their parental role than control mothers. The results support the advisability of pretreatment assessment of such parental variables to aid the development of more effective treatment strategies for children with problems.
Problematic internet use among US youth: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To investigate study quality and reported prevalence among the emergent area of problematic Internet use (PIU) research conducted in populations of US adolescents and college students. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge from inception to July 2010. STUDY SELECTION Using a keyword search, we evaluated English-language PIU studies with populations of US adolescents and college students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using a quality review tool based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, 2 reviewers independently extracted data items including study setting, subject population, instrument used, and reported prevalence. RESULTS Search results yielded 658 articles. We identified 18 research studies that met inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of studies ranged between 14 and 29 total points of a possible 42 points; the average score was 23 (SD 5.1). Among these 18 studies, 8 reported prevalence estimates of US college student PIU; prevalence rates ranged from 0% to 26.3%. An additional 10 studies did not report prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of PIU remains incomplete and is hampered by methodological inconsistencies. The wide range of conceptual approaches may have impacted the reported prevalence rates. Despite the newness of this area of study, most studies in our review were published more than 3 years ago. Opportunities exist to pursue future studies adhering to recognized quality guidelines, as well as applying consistency in theoretical approach and validated instruments.
A Polynomial Acceleration of the Projection Method for Large Nonsymmetric Eigenvalue Problems

This study proposes a method for the acceleration of the projection method to compute a few eigenvalues with the largest real parts of a large nonsymmetric matrix. In the eld of the solution of the linear system, an acceleration using the least squares polynomial which minimizes its norm on the boundary of the convex hull formed with the unwanted eigenvalues are proposed. We simplify this method for the eigenvalue problem using the similar property of the orthogonal polynomial. This study applies the Tchebychev polynomial to the iterative Arnoldi method and proves that it computes necessary eigenvalues with far less complexity than the QR method. Its high accuracy enables us to compute the close eigenvalues that can not be obtained by the simple Arnoldi method.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Abstract The past decade has seen considerable growth in the evidence base of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Consistent reports of moderate effect sizes have led to such interventions being recommended as part of routine clinical practice. Most of this evidence is based on a generic form of CBT for psychosis applied to a heterogeneous group. An increase in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions may require new protocols. Such therapeutic developments should be based on the theoretical understanding of the psychological processes associated with specific forms of psychotic presentation. The current evidence base of CBT for psychosis is reviewed, and barriers that have held back the development of this research are discussed.