Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maltreatment Issues and Outcomes of Adolescents Enrolled in Substance Abuse Treatment

Although they are mandated reporters and work regularly with youth who have experienced abuse and trauma, many substance abuse treatment programs do not systematically screen for or address child maltreatment issues. This special issue provides a collection of articles that consistently demonstrate the feasibility of systematically screening for victimization among adolescents entering these programs and documents that multiple co-occurring types of victimization are actually the norm. Other articles in the section examine how levels of abuse and traumatic victimization are associated with aspects of adolescent substance use disorders, traumatic distress symptoms, co-occurring somatic and health problems, HIV risk behaviors, and a victim-to-abuser spiral. Finally, the articles address how this might affect treatment matching across levels of care. This introduction provides an overview of the articles and then highlights some of the key implications of this collective body of work for practice, policy, and future research.
Social Vulnerability, Frailty and Mortality in Elderly People

Background Social vulnerability is related to the health of elderly people, but its measurement and relationship to frailty are controversial. The aims of the present study were to operationalize social vulnerability according to a deficit accumulation approach, to compare social vulnerability and frailty, and to study social vulnerability in relation to mortality. Methods and Findings This is a secondary analysis of community-dwelling elderly people in two cohort studies, the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA, 1996/7–2001/2; N = 3707) and the National Population Health Survey (NPHS, 1994–2002; N = 2648). Social vulnerability index measures that used self-reported items (23 in NPHS, 40 in CSHA) were constructed. Each measure ranges from 0 (no vulnerability) to 1 (maximum vulnerability). The primary outcome measure was mortality over five (CHSA) or eight (NPHS) years. Associations with age, sex, and frailty (as measured by an analogously constructed frailty index) were also studied. All individuals had some degree of social vulnerability. Women had higher social vulnerability than men, and vulnerability increased with age. Frailty and social vulnerability were moderately correlated. Adjusting for age, sex, and frailty, each additional social ‘deficit’ was associated with an increased odds of mortality (5 years in CSHA, odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.07; 8 years in the NPHS, odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.14). We identified a meaningful survival gradient across quartiles of social vulnerability, and although women had better survival than men, survival for women with high social vulnerability was equivalent to that of men with low vulnerability. Conclusions Social vulnerability is reproducibly related to individual frailty/fitness, but distinct from it. Greater social vulnerability is associated with mortality in older adults. Further study on the measurement and operationalization of social vulnerability, and of its relationships to other important health outcomes, is warranted.
Comparison of approaches for rational siRNA design leading to a new efficient and transparent method

Current literature describes several methods for the design of efficient siRNAs with 19 perfectly matched base pairs and 2 nt overhangs. Using four independent databases totaling 3336 experimentally verified siRNAs, we compared how well several of these methods predict siRNA cleavage efficiency. According to receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and correlation analyses, the best programs were BioPredsi, ThermoComposition and DSIR. We also studied individual parameters that significantly and consistently correlated with siRNA efficacy in different databases. As a result of this work we developed a new method which utilizes linear regression fitting with local duplex stability, nucleotide position-dependent preferences and total G/C content of siRNA duplexes as input parameters. The new method's discrimination ability of efficient and inefficient siRNAs is comparable with that of the best methods identified, but its parameters are more obviously related to the mechanisms of siRNA action in comparison with BioPredsi. This permits insight to the underlying physical features and relative importance of the parameters. The new method of predicting siRNA efficiency is faster than that of ThermoComposition because it does not employ time-consuming RNA secondary structure calculations and has much less parameters than DSIR. It is available as a web tool called ‘siRNA scales’.
Regulation of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolism in Pseudomonas oxalaticus OX1. Growth on Fructose and on Mixtures of Fructose and Formate in Batch and Continuous Cultures

In Pseudomonas oxalaticus the synthesis of enzymes involved in autotrophic CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle is regulated by repression/derepression. During growth of the organism on fructose alone, the synthesis of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) remained fully repressed, both in batch culture and in fructose-limited continuous cultures at various dilution rates. Growth in batch culture on a mixture of fructose and formate resulted in the simultaneous utilization of both substrates. Under these conditions we observed synthesis of RuBPCase up to high levels, indicating that formate did not merely function as an ancillary energy source in the metabolism of fructose, but stimulated autotrophic CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. In subsequent experiments growth of P. oxalaticus on mixtures of fructose and formate was studied in carbon source-limited continuous cultures. In these experiments further evidence was obtained that fructose is a poor source of (co-)repressor molecules for the synthesis of RuBPCase in the presence of formate. Thus, addition of formate to the medium reservoir of a fructose-limited continuous culture resulted in derepression of RuBPCase synthesis at (relatively) high ratios of fructose over formate. In the reverse experiment the specific activity of RuBPCase decreased with increasing concentrations of fructose in the medium reservoir. However, it can be calculated that the total capacity of RuBPCase in the culture to fix CO2 remained constant. In these experiments the dry weight produced on the various mixtures equalled the sum of the dry weight values obtained during growth on the same amounts of the two substrates separately. This indicated that, once RuBPCase was present, autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon assimilation pathways functioned simultaneously and independently of each other. Possible explanations for the low repressing effect of fructose on autotrophic CO2 fixation in P. oxalaticus are discussed.
Dehydroascorbate Uptake Activity Correlates with Cell Growth and Cell Division of Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cell Cultures

Recently, ascorbate (ASC) concentration and the activity of a number of enzymes from the ASC metabolism have been proven to correlate with differences in growth or cell cycle progression. Here, a possible correlation between growth and the activity of a plasma membrane dehydroascorbate (DHA) transporter was investigated. Protoplasts were isolated from a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cell culture at different intervals after inoculation and the activity of DHA transport was tested with 14C-labeled ASC. Ferricyanide (1 mm) or dithiothreitol (1 mm) was included in the test to keep the external 14C-ASC in its oxidized respectively reduced form. Differential uptake activity was observed, correlating with growth phases of the cell culture. Uptake of DHA in cells showed a peak in exponential growth phase, whereas uptake in the presence of dithiothreitol did not. The enhanced DHA uptake was not due to higher endogenous ASC levels that are normally present in exponential phase because preloading of protoplasts of different ages did not affect DHA uptake. Preloading was achieved by incubating cells before protoplastation for 4 h in a medium supplemented with 1 mm DHA. In addition to testing cells at different growth phases, uptake of DHA into the cells was also followed during the cell cycle. An increase in uptake activity was observed during M phase and the M/G1 transition. These experiments are the first to show that DHA transport activity into plant cells differs with cell growth. The relevance of the data to the action of DHA and ASC in cell growth will be discussed.
The responsible uncertainty of pedagogy

In our current moment there is a resurgence of interest in pedagogy as an object of research and policy. In this context the Redesigning Pedagogies in the North (RPiN) project sought to improve educational outcomes for students from low-socioeconomic status communities by researching teachers’ efforts to develop more connected pedagogies. However, difficulties were encountered during collaborative theory building with teachers. Except for repeated suggestions that pedagogy is ‘all about relationships’, teachers struggled to develop theoretical accounts of their practice. Using data obtained within the RPiN project, I draw on Massumi's (2002) notion of expanded empiricism and Bauman's (1995) concept of being-for the other to analyze this difficulty. I argue that the condition for pedagogy becoming an ethical experience inheres in an affective dimension of the teacher-student relationship that cannot be translated into a stable object of discursive knowledge. However, this condition is substantive and requires further attention in research and policy.
Invitational Education: Theory, Research and Practice

Invitational Theory argues that learning is enhanced when learners are positively encouraged or ‘invited’ into the educational experience. Arising from perceptual and self-concept theory, Invitational Pedagogy is constructed on four principles: respect for people, trust, optimism and intentionality, and upon five pillars: people, places, policies, programmes and processes. Its main contributions address the psychogeography and the constructive alignment of learning environments and the training of teachers and counsellors. Key research methods include the invitational/disinvitational index and the 5-P relay.
Is False Belief Skin-Deep? The Agent's Eye Status Influences Infants' Reasoning in Belief-Inducing Situations

Two experiments were conducted to determine if infants attribute false beliefs to others when tested with the violation-of-expectancy procedure. In Experiment 1, the false-belief task was administered to 14- and 18-month-old infants. The procedure was identical to the one used by Onishi and Baillargeon (2005), except that two transparent boxes replaced the opaque boxes. Results revealed that infants looked longer when the agent searched in the empty box, a pattern of looking time opposite to the one typically observed with opaque boxes. It is, however, unclear whether infants' behavior was simply guided by their own visual access to the toy's location visible through the transparent box. To test this alternative explanation, Experiment 2 was conducted with 14- and 18-month-old infants. Infants were administered the same modified nonverbal false-belief task with transparent boxes, except that the agent wore a blindfold during the test phase. Contrary to Experiment 1, results revealed that infants were not surprised when the agent searched in either of the two transparent boxes and therefore appeared to treat her as ignorant. These findings demonstrate that infants' psychological reasoning system is more rigid than later forms when predicting an agent's future actions.
A novel design of hidden web crawler using ontology

Deep Web is content hidden behind HTML forms. Since it represents a large portion of the structured, unstructured and dynamic data on the Web, accessing Deep-Web content has been a long challenge for the database community. This paper describes a crawler for accessing Deep-Web using Ontologies. Performance evaluation of the proposed work showed that this new approach has promising results. Keywords- deepweb,ontology,hiddenweb,domain,mapping.
Thoracic metastasis in advanced ovarian cancer: comparison between computed tomography and video-assisted thoracic surgery

Objective To determine which computed tomography (CT) imaging features predict pleural malignancy in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), pathology, and cytology findings as the reference standard. Methods This retrospective study included 44 patients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage III or IV primary or recurrent EOC who had chest CT ≤30 days before VATS. Two radiologists independently reviewed the CT studies and recorded the presence and size of pleural effusions and of ascites; pleural nodules, thickening, enhancement, subdiaphragmatic tumour deposits and supradiaphragmatic, mediastinal, hilar, and retroperitoneal adenopathy; and peritoneal seeding. VATS, pathology, and cytology findings constituted the reference standard. Results In 26/44 (59%) patients, pleural biopsies were malignant. Only the size of left-sided pleural effusion (reader 1: rho=-0.39, p=0.01; reader 2: rho=-0.37, p=0.01) and presence of ascites (reader 1: rho=-0.33, p=0.03; reader 2: rho=-0.35, p=0.03) were significantly associated with solid pleural metastasis. Pleural fluid cytology was malignant in 26/35 (74%) patients. Only the presence (p=0.03 for both readers) and size (reader 1: rho=0.34, p=0.04; reader 2: rho=0.33, p=0.06) of right-sided pleural effusion were associated with malignant pleural effusion. Interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa=0.78) for effusion size and moderate (kappa=0.46) for presence of solid pleural disease. No other CT features were associated with malignancy at biopsy or cytology. Conclusion In patients with advanced EOC, ascites and left-sided pleural effusion size were associated with solid pleural metastasis, while the presence and size of right-sided effusion were associated with malignant pleural effusion. No other CT features evaluated were associated with pleural malignancy.
High-Quality Depth Estimation Using an Exemplar 3D Model for Stereo Conversion

High-quality depth painting for each object in a scene is a challenging task in 2D to 3D stereo conversion. One way to accurately estimate the varying depth within the object in an image is to utilize existing 3D models. Automatic pose estimation approaches based on 2D-3D feature correspondences have been proposed to obtain depth from a given 3D model. However, when the 3D model is not identical to the target object, previous methods often produce erroneous depth in the vicinity of the silhouette of the object. This paper introduces a novel 3D model-based depth estimation method that effectively produces high-quality depth information for rigid objects in a stereo conversion workflow. Given an exemplar 3D model and user correspondences, our method generates detailed depth of an object by optimizing the initial depth obtained by the application of structural fitting and silhouette matching in the image domain. The final depth is accurate up to the given 3D model, while consistent with the image. Our method was applied to various image sequences containing objects with different appearances and varying poses. The experiments show that our method can generate plausible depth information that can be utilized for high-quality 2D to 3D stereo conversion.
Argument Based Machine Learning from Examples and Text

We introduce a novel approach to cross-media learning based on argument based machine learning (ABML). ABML is a recent method that combines argumentation and machine learning from examples, and its main idea is to use arguments for some of the learning examples. Arguments are usually provided by a domain expert. In this paper, we present an alternative approach, where arguments used in ABML are automatically extracted from text with a technique for relation extraction. We demonstrate and evaluate the approach through a case study of learning to classify animals by using arguments automatically extracted from Wikipedia.
THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF PHONOLOGICAL SYLLABLES, RATHER THAN ORTHOGRAPHIC SYLLABLES, AS EVIDENCED IN KOREAN LEXICAL DECISION TASKS

Previous studies on shallow orthographies and clear syllable boundaries of languages—such as Spanish, German, and French—report an inhibitory effect in lexical decision tasks when targets have more densely frequent syllable neighborhoods (MFSNs). However, these results do not indicate whether the inhibitory effect derives from orthographic syllable representations or phonological syllable representations, because the target words in those studies were mixed in terms of orthographic and phonological representations. The present study investigated whether an inhibitory effect due to lexical competitors derives from phonological or orthographic syllables, using two lexical decision tasks with Korean bisyllable words. In Experiment 1, when a target had MFSNs that controlled for orthographically related sublexical variables (e.g., bigram frequency, the density of orthographic neighborhoods, and the density of more frequent orthographic syllable neighborhoods), the facilitative effect occurred. In Experiment 2, a typical inhibitory effect in a lexical decision task was elicited by a dense MFSN in a phonologically defined syllable, while a dense MFSN in an orthographically defined syllable did not create the inhibitory effect. The results suggest that an inhibitory effect due to lexical competition might not be derived from orthographic syllables, but from phonological syllables.
Improve Peer Cooperation Using Social Peer-to-Peer Networks

In unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, there exist numerous malicious nodes, whose false behaviors decrease the efficiency and reliability of the search. This paper is devoted to decrease the negative effects of those nodes in resource searching process by regarding P2P networks as social-like networks. Forwarding trust, routing trust and transaction trust are proposed to assess the quality of a friend node and are evaluated according to its previous behaviors in its transactions history with other nodes. When a peer node selects friends to forward the query message, the friends with high trust and correlation will be given priority. The simulation results show that our algorithm effectively screens out the malicious nodes. Meanwhile, the cooperation of the honest peers is reinforced and the query efficiency for honest peers is improved remarkably as well.
Vaginal Lactobacillosis

Lactobacilli are the most abundant bacteria found in normal vaginal flora. Vaginal lactobacillosis (VL) is manifested as a very annoying, profuse white vaginal discharge, with the sensation of incessantly having wet the underwear. It is characterized by the presence of abundant and extremely longer than normal lactobacilli in vaginal wet mount preparations. The etiology is unknown and the prevalence is approximately 15%. Lactobacillosis should be differentiated from candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and cytolytic vaginosis. The most effective treatment of VL is oral amoxicillin-clavulanate, using doxycycline as an alternative.
Using a Smart Phone to Strengthen Password-Based Authentication

The authentication based on user's username and password is one of the most popular ways to verify a user when he or she enters an information system. Thus, in recent years, many attackers, e.g. phishers, aim to steal passwords to intrude information systems. To strengthen the password-based authentication, we introduce a method, named SmartID, where we use a Bluetooth-enabled Smart Phone as a platform to store user's username, password and their relevant information of login interface. SmartID can help a user authenticate both his or her identify and validity of login interfaces of web sites and desktops. The experiment and analysis show that SmartID can offer an excellent recall rate, and an acceptable precision rate for anti-phishing and anti-pharming. Thus, SmartID is applicable to strengthen password-based authentication.
Joint demand and supply auction pricing strategy in dynamic spectrum sharing

Conclusion drawn from field measurement is that the allocation of radio spectrum to operators in a static manner does not make efficient use of the scarce spectrum resources. Dynamically allocating radio spectrum based on the demands using auction is one possible approach to improve spectrum utilization efficiency. In this paper, we consider a spectrum auction game, each spectrum supplier (SS) is competing against other suppliers so as to sell as much quantity as possible to maximize its own profit. On the other hand, bandwidth bidders (BBs) are also competing against each other to get the amount of demand spectrum at a lower price. In general, understanding the supply and demand relationship decides the selling price. We propose an auction game which jointly taking in consideration the competition among SSs and BBs, where the bid for the secondary reused spectrum takes place. Given that each SS knows the bandwidth available for secondary reuse over a period of time, with the assistance of a spectrum broker, our approach uses the open bid auction theory to decide the equilibrium point. Towards the end of the bidding process, suppliers and bidders will settle at an equilibrium point, whereby the selling quantities and bidding price are obtained. Our scheme can achieve a rather stable price per bandwidth when total demands do not exceed the total supply.
Neural cell type recognition between globus pallidus externus and globus pallidus internus by Gaussian mixture modeling

This paper proposes a new application of Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) for neural cell type classification between globus pallidus externus (GPe) and globus pallidus internus (GPi). Our work is motivated by the results of previous research in which different neural cell types could be identified by their discharge patterns. It is critical for surgeons to distinguish between these two cell types to identify brain nuclei during the procedure known as a pallidotomy, a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Currently, skilled surgeons rely on discharge patterns converted to sound. In this study, performance evaluations are conducted based on a labeled database recorded during previous neural surgeries. The GMM achieves better than 92% correct recognition using 10-second segments, which demonstrates the best performing classifier to date.
Motif-Plus: incorporation of network motifs into top-n friendship recommendations

Although recently there have been a variety of attempts for friendship recommendations, most existing approaches overemphasise the use of global information implied in historical data while overlooking such essential transitivity rule in social networks as the 'triadic closure' principle. To overcome this limitation, we analyse triangular network motifs in social networks and design a novel principle named 'triangular power' for friendship recommendations on the basis of the 'triadic closure' rule. With this principle, we propose to quantify the willing-power that drives two people become friends by making use of triangular motifs and propose a novel strategy called Motif-Plus that utilise local information of a social network for friendship recommendations. We further incorporate this strategy into existing recommendation methods by aggregating ranks generated by individual approaches and Motif-Plus. With large-scale random sub-sampling validation experiments on three real social network datasets (Facebook, Twitter and Delicious), we compare the performance of five existing methods with Motif-Plus incorporated to their original forms. Results show that methods with Motif-Plus outperform their original forms in not only accuracy and retrieval criteria but also recommendation diversity significantly, suggesting that friendship recommendations will be benefit from the fusion of global and local information of social networks.