Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reputation as Matching Identities and Images: Extending Davies and Chun's (2002) Research on Gaps between the Internal and External Perceptions of the Corporate Brand

Corporate reputation is defined as a construct representing aggregated perceptions of people in and around companies. A corporate personality scale was developed to measure identities as internal perceptions and images as external perceptions with the same instrument. We report here an application of this instrument and the replication of a previous study conducted by Davies and Chun in 2002 (Corporate reputation review 5(2/3): 144–158), by comparing two similar companies operating in the same industry. Perceptions of employees, students, journalists and professional colleagues were measured for each company. The reputations of the two companies were different in synchronization of perceptions of respondent groups for each company (one high and one low) and in their comparative scores from different respondent groups. The study discovered that two companies could be equally successful in performance while their reputations can be significantly different. The second significant theoretical implication of the study was the finding that a composite, aggregate measure of a corporate reputation can obscure as much as reveal perceptions of different valuing groups. The main practical implication of the study is that companies can achieve comparable performances despite having different personalities both in profile and in coherence. This implies that executives need to observe their organizations through various views, which should allow them more freedom of action and experimentation.
Socioeconomic Status and Perceived Health-related Quality of Life in Chile.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Changes in the conceptualization of health and illness have led to development of theory and methods to study health-related quality of life. One instrument used frequently to measure this concept is the SF-12 survey, included in the Second National Health Survey carried out in Chile between 2009 and 2010. OBJECTIVE Estimate the association between socioeconomic status stratifiers and health-related quality of life in the adult population residing in Chile. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of a subsample of the National Health Survey, in the population aged ≥25 years. Health-related quality of life was operationalized from two SF-12 composite scales: physical health-related quality of life and mental health-related quality of life. Both were categorized as good or poor relative to their median scores. Socioeconomic status stratifiers were education, employment status and monthly per capita household income. Multiple logistic regression models were generated for physical health-related quality of life and mental health-related quality of life, according to socioeconomic status stratifiers adjusted for several covariates. RESULTS The sample comprised 4473 respondents, 51.6% women, median age 47.8 years. The probability of poor quality of life was higher in persons with only primary school education, those not in the workforce and those whose monthly income was below 100,815 Chilean pesos (US$140); the effect was stronger for physical health-related quality of life (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8–4.2; OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.3 and OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.8, respectively) than for mental health-related quality of life (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8; OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2 and OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1—3.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The probability of poor health-related quality of life is higher in the worst socioeconomic status strata, and the effect is most pronounced in the most vulnerable groups. The direct effect of social stratifiers on living conditions and access to services—both strong influences on subjective health—would explain this finding and highlight the need to adopt equity-oriented strategies aimed at addressing the impact of socioeconomic status on health-related quality of life.
Using predictive specificity to determine when gene set analysis is biologically meaningful

Gene set analysis, which translates gene lists into enriched functions, is among the most common bioinformatic methods. Yet few would advocate taking the results at face value. Not only is there no agreement on the algorithms themselves, there is no agreement on how to benchmark them. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness and uniqueness of enrichment results as a means of assessing methods even where correctness is unknown. We show that heavily annotated (“multifunctional”) genes are likely to appear in genomics study results and drive the generation of biologically non-specific enrichment results as well as highly fragile significances. By providing a means of determining where enrichment analyses report non-specific and non-robust findings, we are able to assess where we can be confident in their use. We find significant progress in recent bias correction methods for enrichment and provide our own software implementation. Our approach can be readily adapted to any pre-existing package.
Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments

This paper describes the AACTG Adherence Instruments, which are comprised of two self-report questionnaires for use in clinical trials conducted by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). The questionnaires were administered to 75 patients at ten AACTG sites in the USA. All patients were taking combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), including at least one protease inhibitor. Eleven per cent of patients reported missing at least one dose the day before the interview, and 17% reported missing at least one dose during the two days prior. The most common reasons for missing medications included 'simply forgot' (66%) and a number of factors often associated with improved health, including being busy (53%), away from home (57%) and changes in routine (51%). Less adherent patients reported lower adherence self-efficacy (p = 0.006) and were less sure of the link between non-adherence and the development of drug resistance (p = 0.009). They were also more likely to consume alcohol, to be employed outside the home for pay and to have enrolled in clinical trials to gain access to drugs (all p < 0.05). Twenty-two per cent of patients taking drugs requiring special instructions were unaware of these instructions. Each questionnaire took approximately ten minutes to complete. Responses to the questionnaires were favourable. These questionnaires have been included in six AACTG clinical trials to date and have been widely disseminated to investigators both in the USA and abroad.
Performance Evaluation of Efficient Cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output System Wireless Communication

In this paper, a novel technique known as Cooperative Communication in MIMO has been incorporated. This technique allows single antenna mobiles to have the benefits of MIMO systems. Numerical analysis and mathematical modeling is done for SISO with no cooperation, MIMO with no cooperation and MIMO with cooperation or Cooperative MIMO. Expressions for SNR, Outage probability and capacity over a channel link have been derived and simulated. A critical comparative analysis has been carried out between SISO with no cooperation, MIMO with no cooperation and Cooperative MIMO by evaluating and plotting various performance parameters. It has been demonstrated that Co-operative MIMO exhibits better performance in comparison to other two mentioned schemes. Key–Words: MIMO, Detect and forward protocol, SNR, Outage Probability, Capacity, Mutual Information
Consultation-based entrepreneurial/business learning: Malaysia experience

The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of the business-consultation training as adopted by National University of Malaysia (UKM) and to evaluate the learning mode exhibit in such program based on experiential learning theory. This paper also highlights factors that contribute to the success of such program based on the observation of SMIDEC-UKM consultation-based program. SMIDEC-UKM consultation-based learning program fits the Kolb experiential learning theory and Lewin Field Theory. Such program has exposed varsities students to real-business cases, hence enabling the application and practice of their classroom knowledge. In addition, new knowledge can be gathered directly from the field. This paper is innovative at reviewing the implementation of entrepreneurial experiential learning method in developing country (Malaysia) and providing critical argument based on theories of experiential learning.
The Effect of Internet Recruiting on the Matching of Workers and Employers

More then 25% of unemployed job seekers report using the Internet to look for jobs. This paper examines the impact of the spread of online recruiting on the matching of workers and firms. I develop a model of recruitment in which job seekers have private information about their qualification for different jobs and firms possess imperfect screening technologies. The adoption of Internet recruiting is modeled as reducing application costs to workers and improving screening technology for firms. The reduction in application costs to workers is shown to induce applications from candidates who are relatively less qualified and to decrease the proportion of qualified new hires; however, the improvement in firms' screening technology may offset this effect. Firms may adopt Internet recruiting strategies because of the direct reduction in recruiting costs and because of competition among employers for qualified hires. The implications of the model are empirically examined using personnel data from a large multinational manufacturing firm. Job duration is used as a proxy for match quality. Estimates from Cox duration models indicate that Internet recruits have shorter job duration than observationally equivalent workers hired through employee referrals but similar durations to those hired through print advertising. Propensity score methods show that the types of jobs (occupations) with a larger growth of the use of Internet recruiting show larger declines in expected job durations compared with jobs with less growth of Internet recruiting. This finding is consistent with a key prediction of the model.
Ingestion of Legionella micdadei inhibits human neutrophil function

Legionella micdadei is a human pathogen which survives within leukocytes. To determine how this organism escapes intracellular destruction, we examined its effect on human neutrophil activity. Neutrophils were allowed to ingest L. micdadei prior to evaluation of functional activity. Compared with control cells which did not ingest organisms, cells ingesting L. micdadei showed significantly depressed production of superoxide anion (24.5 +/- 9.0 nmol/10(6) cells per 15 min versus 6.9 +/- 3.2 nmol/10(6) cells per 15 min, respectively; P = 0.002), chemotaxis (43.9 +/- 0.8 mm versus 0.9 +/- 1.3 mm of directed migration, respectively; P = 0.001) and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (97.9% versus 37.6% of ingested organisms killed, respectively; P = 0.001). Similar degrees of inhibition could not be demonstrated when either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was ingested by cells prior to evaluation. Inhibition of neutrophil function did not occur when phagocytosis of L. micdadei was prevented. However, inhibition occurred with heat-killed as well as with viable organisms. The inhibition of neutrophil function by ingested L. micdadei may help explain the bacterium's ability to survive intracellularly and may begin to explain the pathogenesis of this disease.
Physiological Measurement on Students' Engagement in a Distributed Learning Environment

Measuring studentsâ? engagement in a distributed learning environment is a challenge. In particular, a teacher gives a lecture at one location, while at the same time the remote students watch the lecture through a display screen. In such situation, it is difficult for the teacher to know the reaction at the remote location. In this paper, we conducted a field study to measure studentsâ? engagement by using galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors, where students simultaneously watched the lecture at the two locations. Our results showed the studentsâ? GSR response was aligned with the surveys, which means that during a distributed learning environment, GSR sensors can be used as an indicator on studentsâ? engagement. Furthermore, our user studies resulted in non-engaging student learning experiences that would be difficult obtained at a lab condition. Based on the findings, we found that the patterns of GSR readings were rather different when compared to the previous relevant studies, where users were engaged. In addition, we noticed that the density of GSR response at the remote location was higher when compared to the one at the lecture room. We believe that our studies are beneficial on physiological computing, as we first presented the patterns of GSR sensors on non-engaging user experiences. Moreover, as an alternative method, GSR sensors can be easily implemented in a distributed learning environment to provide feedback to teachers.
Trade Finance, Bank Bail-outs and Profit Taxation in an Interconnected World

Larger firms are more likely to use tax haven operations to exploit international tax differences. We study a tax game between a large country and a tax haven modeling heterogeneous monopolistic firms, which can shift profits abroad. We show that a higher degree of firm heterogeneity (a mean-preserving spread of the cost distribution) increases the degree of tax competition, i.e. it decreases the equilibrium tax rate of the large country, leads to higher outflows of its tax base and thus decreases its equilibrium tax revenue. Similar effects hold for a higher substitutability across varieties.
Evaluating “Within Real Estate” Diversification Strategies

Executive Summary. This article refines previous comparisons of “within real estate” portfolio diversification by adding controls to the experimental design to determine why one strategy is superior to another. Two “new” economic diversification methods were among the thirteen strategies tested. The best strategy used sixteen dimensions (four property types in four geographic regions). The return/risk ratio was found to be more important than correlation matrix in explaining the ranking of diversification strategies. The article also discusses how the data's time period and market membership affect the weighting recommendations.
Skin Window Macrophages in Malignant Lymphomas

Summary. A modified skin window technique has been used to study macrophages in normal subjects and in patients with Hodgkin's disease and lymphoreticulo‐sarcoma. The cellularity was similar in all cases at 48 hr with over 90% of the cells being macrophages. In malignant lymphoma there was a significant decrease in the number of cytoplasmic inclusions in the macrophages. The results appear consistent with depression of phagocytic activity of skin window macrophages and a further depression by active treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In the sarcoma patients, significantly more multinucleated forms were present and the maximum number of nuclei seen in a single cell was higher. Macrophage mitosis was noted in a single case in this group.
Use of Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate as an Indicator of the Microbiota Biomass in Rumen Contents

A number of techniques were tested for their efficiency in extracting adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) from strained rumen fluid (SRF). Extraction with 0.6 N H2SO4, using a modification of the procedure described by Lee et al. (1971), was the most efficient and was better suited for extracting particulate samples. Neutralized extracts could not be stored frozen before assaying for ATP because large losses were incurred. The inclusion of internal standards was necessary to correct for incomplete recovery of ATP. The ATP concentration in rumen contents from a cow receiving a ration of dried roughage (mainly alfalfa hay) ranged from 31 to 56 μg of ATP per g of contents. Approximately 75% of the ATP was associated with the particulate material. The ATP was primarily of microbial origin, since only traces of ATP were present in the feed and none was found in “cell-free” rumen fluid. Fractionation of the bacterial and protozoal populations in SRF resulted in the isolation of an enriched protozoal fraction with a 10-fold higher ATP concentration than that of the separated rumen bacteria. The ATP pool sizes of nine functionally important rumen bacteria during the exponential phase of growth ranged from 1.1 to 17.6 μg of ATP per mg of dry weight. This information indicates that using ATP as a measure of microbial biomass in rumen contents must be done with caution because of possible variations in the efficiency of extraction of ATP from rumen contents and differences in the concentration of ATP in rumen microbes.
Two dimensional echocardiography.

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Cross-cultural Comparison Between Japanese and Western Visitors for the Effectiveness of the Hanauma Bay Education Programme

Hanauma Bay is one of the most heavily used marine preserves in the world, hosting visitors from primarily Western and Asian countries. To ensure sustainability, the state limits access and provides environmental education for visitors. This study assesses the cross-cultural differences between Japanese and Western visitors to the visitor education programme by examining attitudes to the educational film and reported recreation behaviour. In 2004 responses were obtained from 440 Japanese and 445 Western visitors on a 4-point ordinal attitude scale and yes/no dichotomy behaviour scale for 26 questions. Results indicate that the educational film is effective for both visitor groups in terms of attitudinal and behavioural improvement towards marine conservation in the Bay, as well as enhancing visitor experience. In particular, the film apparently improves Japanese visitors' conservation behaviour more substantially, compared to the Western visitors. Also, Western visitors are more likely to report higher ratings for everyday conservation behaviour, more motivation from environmental education, more satisfaction with the overall education programme, and more pre-knowledge about conservation, compared to the Japanese visitors. In conclusion, the findings illustrate the important role that interpretation can play in enhancing visitor experience and awareness, while protecting the environment. Based on the results, suggestions are made on how to incorporate cultural sensitivity in managing tourism sites that could enhance the effectiveness and value of visitor interpretation programmes.
Case Research in Marketing: Opportunities, Problems, and a Process

The author discusses methods used in other social sciences and in marketing in terms of two key criteria defining “good research. ” It is argued that the simultaneous research desiderata of data integrity and high currency or generalizability often place conflicting operational demands on researchers. Thus, tradeoffs must be made in employing any method to investigate a research problem. As a consequence of these inevitable tradeoffs, a broader rather than narrower method set becomes appropriate for marketing investigations. Case research is explored as one useful alternative research method for marketers. The nature of case research in contrast to case teaching or prescientific case culling is discussed, the appropriateness of case-based versus more conventional deductive methods is considered by researcher objective and type of problem investigated, and a four-stage case research process is described. General guidelines and caveats for the conduct of marketing case research are given. The author concludes that case research may be viewed as a metaphor for the general utility of the varied inductive research methods in expanding our perspectives on marketing research problems.
Mitigation, Avoidance, or Acceptance? Managing Supplier Sustainability Risk

This study takes a conceptual theory building approach to develop a framework for managing supplier sustainability risk—the adverse impact on a buying organization from a supplier's social or environmental misconduct. Using anecdotal evidence and the literature, we present four distinct risk management strategies that supply managers adopt: risk avoidance, monitoring-based risk mitigation, collaboration-based risk mitigation, and risk acceptance. Drawing on agency and resource dependence theories, we study how the interactions of two key risk management predictors—that is, the supply managers’ perceived risk and the buyer–supplier dependence structure—affect supply managers’ strategy choice. Specifically, we propose that a collaborative-based mitigation strategy, involving direct interaction and solution development with the suppliers, is selected by supply managers in a high perceived risk-buyer dominant context. In a low perceived risk-buyer dominant context, however, a monitoring-based mitigation strategy is preferred. When the buyer and the supplier are not dependent on each other and there is a low perceived risk, the supply managers accept the risk by taking no actions, whereas in a high perceived risk-independent context the supply managers would avoid the risk by terminating the relationship with the supplier. We conclude the study by describing the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the study as well as the avenues for future research.
A critical analysis of the hydrino model

Recently, spectroscopic and calorimetric observations of hydrogen plasmas and chemical reactions with them have been interpreted as evidence for the existence of electronic states of the hydrogen atom with a binding energy of more than 13.6 eV. The theoretical basis for such states, which have been dubbed hydrinos, is investigated. We discuss both the novel deterministic model of the hydrogen atom, in which the existence of hydrinos was predicted, and standard quantum mechanics. Severe inconsistencies in the deterministic model are pointed out and the incompatibility of hydrino states with quantum mechanics is reviewed.
Priming the production of implications

We present two experiments investigating the production of implicit constructions. Using a confederate scripting paradigm we find that after making an inference participants were more likely to subsequently produce an implicature. This effect occurred at a global and a local level and was unaffected by the perceived role of the conversational partner. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of whether to be implicit is determined by the activation levels of representations specific to implicatures and that inference and implications have overlapping processing representations.