Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between years of cocaine use and brain activation to cocaine and response inhibition cues.

AIMS Functional magnetic resonance imaging research has attempted to elucidate the neurobehavioral underpinnings of cocaine dependence by evaluating differences in brain activation to cocaine and response inhibition cues between cocaine-dependent individuals and controls. This study investigated associations between task-related brain activation and cocaine use characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING The Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Medical University of South Carolina, USA. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-one cocaine users (41 dependent). MEASUREMENTS Brain activation to cocaine-cue exposure and Go No-Go tasks in six a priori selected brain regions of interest and cocaine use characteristics (i.e. cocaine dependence status, years of cocaine use, cocaine use in the past 90 days) assessed via standardized interviews. FINDINGS Participants demonstrated elevated activation to cocaine (bilateral ventral striatum, dorsal caudate, amygdala) and response inhibition (bilateral anterior cingulate, insula, inferior frontal gyrus) cues in all hypothesized brain regions. Years of cocaine use was associated with task-related brain activation, with more years of cocaine use associated with greater activation to cocaine cues in right (F = 7.97, P = 0.01) and left (F = 5.47, P = 0.02) ventral striatum and greater activation to response inhibition cues in left insula (F = 5.10, P = 0.03) and inferior frontal gyrus (F = 4.12, P = 0.05) controlling for age, cocaine dependence status and cocaine use in the past 90 days. CONCLUSIONS Years of cocaine use may be more centrally related to cocaine cue and response inhibition brain activation than cocaine dependence diagnosis or amount of recent use.
Restarting with speed for IPMSM based on hybrid synchronized PWM control schemes for rail train traction system

Restarting with speed for PMSM is critical to Rail Train application. And the switching frequencies must be restricted to several hundred hertz to minimize the switching losses. In order to output more torque with limited DC supply voltage, square wave should be used in the condition of high speeds. Hybrid synchronized PWM control schemes are often used to satisfy these restrictions. The restart and control schemes contain a variety of PWM patterns which is applicable to the whole speed range. And a simple but very effective method is proposed to determine the PWM patterns that should be used when restart is enabled. The motor speed feedback as a flag is employed in this method. An improved current controller for IPMSM is proposed to solve the zero speed start problem.
Microfluidic mixing with electrokinetic instability in a double T-shaped microchannel

This paper investigates the EKI phenomenon in a double T-shaped microchannel, in which two aqueous electrolyte solutions with a 3.5:1 conductivity ratio are driven electrokinetically into the mixing channel via the application of a DC electrical field. A stratified flow condition is formed when the intensity of the applied DC electrical field is below a certain threshold value. However, as the intensity is increased the lower high-conductivity stream in the entrance region of the main mixing channel fluctuates alternately in the upward and downward direction resulting in a series of flow circulations forms at the interfaces of neighboring solutions flows, and then propagate in the downstream direction. It is found that the electric perturbations added at upper inlet of the microchannel near the main mixing channel can stir the microfluidic instability and the induced flow instability conditions can enhance the mixing efficiency.
HUMAN DISTURBANCE AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ELK IN EASTERN WASHINGTON

Stress hormone measures have proven useful for assessing effects of human disturbance on wildlife populations. However, most studies are of short duration or limited geographic scope (i.e., without spatial replication), leading to concerns about confounding effects of biotic conditions. Previous research correlated fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) of elk (Cervus elaphus) with human disturbance, but this factor also co-varied with seasonal climatic conditions, making it difficult to make broader inference regarding the role of human disturbance. In this study we attempted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and human disturbance by comparing the year-round physiological stress response of elk to varying levels of human disturbance at three study sites in south-central Washington State. FGMs were consistently elevated throughout the year at the study site receiving the greatest amount of human disturbance. We observed support for a positive effect of precipitation and increasing temperature on FGMs at the low-disturbance site, but less support for importance of climatic variables in explaining FGMs at the high-disturbance sites - suggesting that climatic variables were likely of secondary importance compared to anthropogenic stressors in elk at those sites. Collectively, while we were unable to disentangle the effects of site- specific stressors, our findings suggest that in this environment, humans were a dominant stressor influencing FGM levels. Therefore, interpreting results of physiological studies requires that researchers account for a broad combination of biotic and abiotic stressors at a particular study location. We particularly encourage future investigators to account for the potential confounding effect of human disturbance that could override other stressors.
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study Including Markers of Proliferation and Apoptosis

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is the prototype for a subset of locally aggressive adnexal carcinomas (LAACs). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and UVB signature p53 mutations are implicated in the etiology of the most common cutaneous carcinomas. However in MACs, the role of UVR and p53 mutations is unknown. In addition, controversy still exists regarding the patterns of differentiation within these tumors. The objective of this study was to determine the expression patterns of immunohistochemical markers for p53, Ki-67, c-erbB-2, and Bcl-2 in MACs, and to compare these patterns with two MAC histologic stimulants: sclerosing type basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs) and desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas (dTEs). Other objectives were to compare expression patterns of cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK7, CD20, endothelial membrane antigen (EMA), Ber-EP4, CD34, &agr;-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and S-100 protein in MACs with its histologic simulators, and to determine the usefulness of all the immunohistochemical studies in diagnosis. Immunohistochemical markers were performed on 10 MACs, 10 sBCCs, and four dTEs. They included p53, Ki-67, c-erbB-2, Bcl-2, CK AE1/AE3, CK7, CD20, EMA, Ber-EP4, CD34, S-100 protein, and &agr;-SMA. MACs expressed p53 in less than 25% of the tumor cells in only two cases (20%), and both cases showed only moderately intense staining, whereas 80% of the sBCCs were positive and showed intense staining, and all dTEs were negative. In MACs, less than 5% of the tumor cells were Ki-67 positive, whereas the sBCCs showed 20% to 40% Ki-67-positive tumor cells and dTEs showed rare Ki-67-positive cells. Bcl-2 was expressed focally in MACs, diffusely in sBCCs, and in scattered cells in dTEs. All tumors were negative for c-erbB-2. CD34, CK7, EMA, Ber-EP4, S-100 protein, and &agr;-SMA all showed a distinctive pattern of staining in MACs. Although MACs arise commonly in chronically sun-exposed skin, increased expression of p53 is not found frequently. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 does not appear to be a factor in the development and progression of these adnexal tumors. Bcl-2 is expressed in MACs, but not diffusely as in sBCCs. The low level of Ki-67 supports a low proliferative rate, and other immunohistochemical markers support divergent patterns of adnexal differentiation in MACs. Immunohistochemical studies may help to differentiate MAC from sBCCs and dTEs.
A Highly Reliable, Low Power Consumption, Low-Cost Multisensory Based System For Autonomous Navigational Mobile Robot

This work focuses on the collaborations of low cost multisensor system to produce a complementary collision-free path for autonomous mobile robots. The proposed algorithm is used with a modified version of A * searching algorithm to produce the shortest, and most energy-efficient path from a given initial point to a goal point. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot is capable of measuring different distances to obstacles in unknown environments. The proposed model is characterized by its low cost, low power consumption, and its efficiencies in following shortest path while avoiding collisions.
merA gene expression in aquatic environments measured by mRNA production and Hg(II) volatilization

The relationship of merA gene expression (specifying the enzyme mercuric reductase) to mercury volatilization in aquatic microbial communities was investigated with samples collected at a mercury-contaminated freshwater pond, Reality Lake, in Oak Ridge, Tenn. Levels of merA mRNA transcripts and the rate of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] volatilization were related to the concentration of mercury in the water and to heterotrophic activity in field samples and laboratory incubations of pond water in which microbial heterotrophic activity and Hg(II) concentration were manipulated. Levels of merA-specific mRNA and Hg(II) volatilization were influenced more by microbial metabolic activity than by the concentration of mercury. merA-specific transcripts were detected in some samples which did not reduce Hg(II), suggesting that rates of mercury volatilization in environmental samples may not always be proportional to merA expression.
Daily Disinfection of High-Touch Surfaces in Isolation Rooms to Reduce Contamination of Healthcare Workers' Hands

In a randomized nonblinded trial, we demonstrated that daily disinfection of high-touch surfaces in rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization reduced acquisition of the pathogens on hands after contacting high-touch surfaces and reduced contamination of hands of healthcare workers caring for the patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(10):1039-1042
Edg2 Receptor Functionality: Giα1 Coexpression and Fusion Protein Studies

Recombinant receptor cell lines are widely used in G-protein-coupled receptor selectivity studies. To unequivocally interpret the results of such studies, it is essential that the host cell line does not endogenously express the receptor of interest and in addition is unresponsive to the receptor9s natural ligand. Here we describe an approach to overcome such difficulties associated with orphan receptors or, as in the present case, receptors whose endogenous ligand ubiquitously affects mammalian cells. The functional heterologous assay system described is for the hEdg2 receptor, which uses lysophosphatidic acid as its endogenous ligand. Once activated, this receptor mediates its effects via multiple secondary messenger pathways, including a Gi-coupled pathway. We have transiently expressed a pertussis toxin-insensitive hEdg2 receptor-ratGiα1 fusion protein into human embryonic kidney cells and have monitored the ability of compounds to stimulate [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes prepared from these cells after pretreatment with toxin. Because the assay conditions used favor Gi-mediated responses and because endogenous Giα subunits are rendered inactive, the response measured is, by definition, fusion protein-mediated. Consequently, we have developed an assay that monitors definitively Edg2 receptor-mediated responses in a mammalian cell line. A limited structure activity relationship study suggests that the lysophospholipid carbon chain has a role in receptor activation and in addition indicates that certain modifications to the phosphate group are tolerated.
Rho-Kinase Signaling Regulates Pulmonary Infiltration of Neutrophils in Abdominal Sepsis Via Attenuation of CXC Chemokine Formation and Mac-1 Expression on Neutrophils

ABSTRACT Excessive neutrophil infiltration is a major component in septic lung injury, although the signaling mechanisms behind pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils in polymicrobial sepsis remain elusive. Herein, we hypothesized that Rho-kinase activity may play a significant role in pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage in abdominal sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were harvested for analysis of neutrophil infiltration, as well as edema and CXC chemokine formation. Blood was collected for analysis of Mac-1 on neutrophils and CD40L on platelets as well as soluble CD40L and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in plasma. Cecal ligation and puncture triggered significant pulmonary damage characterized by neutrophil infiltration, increased levels of CXC chemokines, and edema formation in the lung. Furthermore, CLP upregulated Mac-1 expression on neutrophils, decreased CD40L on platelets, and increased soluble CD40L and MMP-9 in the circulation. Interestingly, inhibition of Rho-kinase dose-dependently decreased CLP-induced neutrophil expression of Mac-1, formation of CXC chemokines and edema, as well as neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in the lung. Moreover, Rho-kinase inhibition significantly reduced sepsis-provoked gene expression of CXC chemokines in alveolar macrophages. In contrast, Rho-kinase inhibition had no effect on platelet shedding of CD40L or plasma levels of MMP-9 in septic mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the Rho-kinase signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils and tissue injury via regulation of CXC chemokine production in the lung and Mac-1 expression on neutrophils in abdominal sepsis.
A Compact Sequential-Phase Feed Using Uniform Transmission Lines for Circularly Polarized Sequential-Rotation Arrays

A compact sequential-phase (SP) feed for circularly polarized sequential-rotation (SR) arrays is presented. Unlike traditional SP feed using multiple segments for impedance transformations, the presented SP feed employs only a single-stage transition where the transmission line width is uniform, making the whole SP feed very compact and neat in layout. The radial design of SP-feed lines to antenna elements may further facilitate the optimization work in adjusting the element spacing. Two miniature square SP feeds of the sizes λg/4 and 3 λg/8 are given and compared. Experimental prototypes were built and verified with measured results. The proposed compact SP feed can be extended to 2N × 2N feeding networks, and is very suitable for large-scale printed CP arrays.
Offline Process 3 . 1 Bipartite Station Clustering 3 . 1 . 1

Bike-sharing systems are widely deployed in many major cities, providing a convenient transportation mode for citizens’ commutes. As the rents/returns of bikes at different stations in different periods are unbalanced, the bikes in a system need to be rebalanced frequently. Real-time monitoring cannot tackle this problem well as it takes too much time to reallocate the bikes after an imbalance has occurred. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical prediction model to predict the number of bikes that will be rent from/returned to each station cluster in a future period so that reallocation can be executed in advance. We first propose a bipartite clustering algorithm to cluster bike stations into groups, formulating a two-level hierarchy of stations. The total number of bikes that will be rent in a city is predicted by a Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT). Then a multi-similarity-based inference model is proposed to predict the rent proportion across clusters and the inter-cluster transition, based on which the number of bikes rent from/ returned to each cluster can be easily inferred. We evaluate our model on two bikesharing systems in New York City (NYC) and Washington D.C. (D.C.) respectively, confirming our model’s advantage beyond baseline approaches (a 0.03 reduction rate on error), especially for anomalous periods (a 0.18/0.23 reduction rate on error).
Algorithmic Aspects of Ordered Structures

In this work we relate the theory of quasi-orders to the theory of algorithms over some combinatorial objects. First we develope the theory of well-quasi-orderings, wqo's, and relate it to the theory of worst-case complexity. Then we give a general 0-1-law for hereditary properties that has implications for average-case complexity. This result on average-case complexity is applied to the class of finite graphs equipped with the induced subgraph relation. We obtain that a wide class of problems, including e.g. perfectness, has average constant time algorithms. Then we show, by extending a result of Damaschke on cographs, that the classes of finite orders resp. graphs with bounded decomposition diameter form wqo's with respect to the induced suborder resp. induced subgraph relation. This leads to linear time algorithms for the recognition of any hereditary property on these objects. Our main result is then that the set of finite posets is a wqo with respect to a certain relation l, called chain minor relation. To prove this we introduce a similar relation on finite formal languages that also has this property. As a consequence we obtain that every property which is hereditary with respect to l has a test in O(|P|c) whereas c depends on the property. This test has an easy parallelization with the same costs. On a parallel machine (CRCW PRAM) it may be implemented in such a way that it runs in constant time and needs O(|P|c) processors.
Detection of basal cell carcinoma using color and histogram measures of semitranslucent areas

Background: Semitranslucency, defined as a smooth, jelly‐like area with varied, near‐skin‐tone color, can indicate a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with high specificity. This study sought to analyze potential areas of semitranslucency with histogram‐derived texture and color measures to discriminate BCC from non‐semitranslucent areas in non‐BCC skin lesions.
Correction for “ Dysregulation of PAD 4-mediated citrullination of nuclear GSK 3 β activates TGF-β signaling and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells

CELL BIOLOGY Correction for “Dysregulation of PAD4-mediated citrullination of nuclear GSK3β activates TGF-β signaling and induces epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells,” by Sonja C. Stadler, C. Theresa Vincent, Victor D. Fedorov, Antonia Patsialou, Brian D. Cherrington, Joseph J. Wakshlag, Sunish Mohanan, Barry M. Zee, Xuesen Zhang, Benjamin A. Garcia, John S. Condeelis, Anthony M. C. Brown, Scott A. Coonrod, and C. David Allis, which appeared in issue 29, July 16, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:11851–11856; first published July 1, 2013; 10.1073/pnas. 1308362110). The authors note that the affiliation for C. Theresa Vincent should also include Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065. The corrected author and affiliation lines appear below. The online version has been corrected.
Packaged inline metasurface polarimeters with in-plane and out-of-plane detection

In-line Polarimeters perform nonterminating measurements of a light beam's state and degree of polarization by sampling only a small part of the total light intensity. In-line polarimeters are used in applications such as polarization state generators and in optical communications. A new class of engineered optical structures, the so-called metasurfaces, offers a way to tailor the amplitude, phase or polarization of light waves using subwavelength structures. Metasurfaces provide a promising platform for simplifying and miniaturizing existing optical components [1]. We present a new in-line, polarization preserving polarimeter design based on our previously reported metasurface formed by arrays of nanoantennas [2]. Our design promises excellent accuracy, compact design, potential for low-cost mass production, and wavelength scalability well beyond the wavelength range presently investigated.
Adaptive identification of nonlinear structure uncertain perturbation system via different time scales neural networks

In this paper, an adaptive on-line identification algorithm is proposed for nonlinear structure uncertain perturbation systems via discrete different time scales dynamic neural networks. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) it is the first time to develop an identifier for nonlinear structure uncertain perturbation systems by using different time scales dynamic neural networks in discreet time domain (2) the input-to-state stability (ISS) approach is used to tune the weights of the discrete different time scales dynamic neural networks in the sense of L∞. The commonly used robustifying techniques, such as dead-zone or σ-modification in the weight tuning, are not necessary for the proposed identification algorithm. The stability of the proposed identifier is proved by Lyapunov function and ISS theory. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
Males and Eating Disorders : Research

A sample of 1,373 high school students revealed that girls (63%) were four times more likely than boys (16%) to be attempting to reduce weight through exercise and caloric intake reduction. Boys were three times more likely than girls to be trying to gain weight (28% versus 9%). The cultural ideal for body shape for men versus women continues to favor slender women and athletic, V-shaped muscular men (Rosen & Gross, 1987).
A source routing based link protection method for link failure in SDN

The link failure recovery process may introduce large delay and serious packet loss in SDN because the failure has to be handled by remote controller. In recent years, several link protection methods have been put forward to solving this problem using preplanned backup paths, and avoiding the involvement of remote controller. However, it may need large quantities of flow entries to build these backup paths and complex mechanism to keep them active, and may cause congestion during rerouting process. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a source routing based link protection method in SDN. With predefined backup paths for every link, our method uses source routing to control the flow's route and steers the packet into backup path through updating the source routing header when link failure happens. Through implementation and evaluation, it is shown that this method can significantly reduce the overhead to build and maintain backup paths because we store the route information in the packet's header instead of flow entries installed in switch. And with flexibly and dynamically backup path planning, this method can achieve better congestion avoidance in the backup path during rerouting process comparing to previous methods.