Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of the ECH2 Catalytic Domain of CurF from Lyngbya majuscula

Curacin A is a mixed polyketide/nonribosomal peptide possessing anti-mitotic and anti-proliferative activity. In the biosynthesis of curacin A, the N-terminal domain of the CurF multifunctional protein catalyzes decarboxylation of 3-methylglutaconyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to 3-methylcrotonyl-ACP, the postulated precursor of the cyclopropane ring of curacin A. This decarboxylase is encoded within an “HCS cassette” that is used by several other polyketide biosynthetic systems to generate chemical diversity by introduction of a β-branch functional group to the natural product. The crystal structure of the CurF N-terminal ECH2 domain establishes that the protein is a crotonase superfamily member. Ala78 and Gly118 form an oxyanion hole in the active site that includes only three polar side chains as potential catalytic residues. Site-directed mutagenesis and a biochemical assay established critical functions for His240 and Lys86, whereas Tyr82 was nonessential. A decarboxylation mechanism is proposed in which His240 serves to stabilize the substrate carboxylate and Lys86 donates a proton to C-4 of the acyl-ACP enolate intermediate to form the Δ2 unsaturated isopentenoyl-ACP product. The CurF ECH2 domain showed a 20-fold selectivity for ACP-over CoA-linked substrates. Specificity for ACP-linked substrates has not been reported for any other crotonase superfamily decarboxylase. Tyr73 may select against CoA-linked substrates by blocking a contact of Arg38 with the CoA adenosine 5′-phosphate.
Multispectral Stereoscopic Imaging Device: Simultaneous Multiview Imaging From the Visible to the Near-Infrared

We have designed a hand-held imaging device which is capable of capturing images of multiple spectral bands, spanning the visible to the near-infrared, as well as imaging multiple perspective views of an object simultaneously on one detector. This concept utilizes a set of mirrors positioned obliquely to the principle axis of the imaging device that present different perspective views, of a target, and simultaneously bandpass filters those views before the light enters the device. In its current state, our instrument is capable of simultaneously imaging nine independent spectral bands and three different perspective views. The device allows for measurement of multispectral properties of different material enabling multispectroscopic science as demonstrated by studying the separability of four types of black ink. Exploiting the stereoscopic imaging capability of the device, we are able to construct 3-D surface features of a target.
Listener-adapted speech:Bilinguals adapt in a more sensitive way

Abstract While a significant amount of research has focussed on whether bilingualism bestows advantages in cognitive skills, perspective-taking and Theory of Mind, less is known about the effect of bilingualism in communicative tasks where these and related skills may be called for. This study examines bilingual and monolingual adults’ communicative skills through their production of two types of listener-adapted speech (LAS): child-directed speech and foreigner-directed speech. 20 monolinguals and 20 bilingual adults were asked to explain a cooking recipe to a child, a non-native adult and a control native adult. Participants adapted their speech for the child and the foreigner compared to the native adult. Furthermore, bilinguals adapted some features of their speech to a greater extent and in a fine-tuned way (wider pitch range addressing the child and vowel hyperarticulation addressing the foreigner). The prevalence of these features in bilingual speech was not correlated with personality or cognitive measures. We discuss possible sources of this difference in speech adaptation and implications for theories of bilingual cognition.
Development of wearable antenna for digital terrestrial broadcasting

We proposed a novel system which connected wearable antenna for digital terrestrial broadcasting system and present mobile device. In this system, re-radiation antenna was used to connect wearable antenna and present mobile device. Therefore, the re-radiation antenna performance in near the human body was estimated in detail. As a result, it was confirmed that human body effect was reduced if the antenna structure to have ground plane like a microstrip antenna was adopted. PIFA type broadband re-radiation antenna will be developed in the future.
Survey of De-noising Methods Using Filters and Fast

There are many noise reduction techniques have been developed for removing noise and retaining edge details in images. Choice of de-noising algorithm is application dependent and depends upon the type of noise present in the image. Each technique has its own assumptions, advantages and limitations. The idea behind these techniques is to acquiesce better results in terms of quality and in removal of different noises. This paper covers almost all the de- noising techniques.
Testing a Multidimensional Acculturation Model on Latinos who Completed Substance Abuse Treatment

Disparities in substance abuse treatment (SAT) utilization and completion suggest that traditional substance abuse models may fall short of addressing the complex needs of Latinos, increasing the odds of relapsing. The need for substance use models that integrate multiple acculturation domains in relation to substance abuse is warranted. The goal of the present study is twofold: a) test a multidimensional acculturation model on Latinos who completed SAT; and b) examine the association between the proposed multidimensional acculturation and days consuming alcohol and illicit drugs in the past six months. A total of 131 participants (Mage=36.15, SD ± 10.5, 86.3% males, 48.1% non-U.S. born with a mean length of stay of 19 years in the U.S. (SD ± 13.71) were interviewed upon completion of SAT. Results from the SEM indicated adequate model fit to the population under study, supporting the use of a multidimensional acculturation approach for this population. Subsequent results from the structured regression analysis suggest that multidimensional acculturation is negatively associated with days using alcohol in the past 6 months. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Real-Time Solution to the Absolute Pose Problem with Unknown Radial Distortion and Focal Length

The problem of determining the absolute position and orientation of a camera from a set of 2D-to-3D point correspondences is one of the most important problems in computer vision with a broad range of applications. In this paper we present a new solution to the absolute pose problem for camera with unknown radial distortion and unknown focal length from five 2D-to-3D point correspondences. Our new solver is numerically more stable, more accurate, and significantly faster than the existing state-of-the-art minimal four point absolute pose solvers for this problem. Moreover, our solver results in less solutions and can handle larger radial distortions. The new solver is straightforward and uses only simple concepts from linear algebra. Therefore it is simpler than the state-of-the-art Groebner basis solvers. We compare our new solver with the existing state-of-the-art solvers and show its usefulness on synthetic and real datasets.
A survey on online tweet segmentation for linguistic features

Tweet classification has been used for classifying the tweets based on different class labels contained in the tweets. NLP models have to be constructed in order to learn the tweets with linguistic feature. Before feature extraction of the data; tweets are pre-processed with stop word removal and Stemming process. Initially tweets will be organized into meaningful segments based on Local and global context of the tweet information. Tweet Summarization is proposed in order to avoid the overload problems due to diversity among the sentences, large number of tweets is meaningless, irrelevant and redundant. Further, tweets are strongly correlated with their posted time and new tweets tend to arrive at a very fast rate. Classification technique which establishes the optimal cluster of a tweet is carried in terms of tweet cluster vector. Additionally tweet vector cluster is established as potential sub-topic delegates and maintained dynamically in memory during stream processing. Data structure is used to store and organize cluster snapshots at different moments, thus allowing historical tweet data to be retrieved by any arbitrary time durations.
RBF Neural Network Identifier Based on Optimal Selection Cluster Algorithm and PSO Algorithm and its Application

A model of RBF neural network (RBFNN) is framed to solve the problem of identification of nonlinear system. In order to realize the structure identification of RBFNN, a kind of hybrid parameter optimization algorithm is proposed based on optimal selection cluster algorithm and PSO. By this algorithm, it is optimally gained the hidden layer node number of RBFNN in terms of input samples. Then the structure and parameters optimization problem of RBFNN are solved using PSO. The algorithm is used in oilfield volcanic thickness modeling and prediction, results shows the validity of the algorithm.
Donations for overseas development : evidence from a panel of UK charities

We model the determinants of donations made to UK overseas development charities using panel data on charities’ donation income covering a 25 year period. The paper starts by reviewing relevant theory and previous empirical work on donations to UK charities before outlining a framework in which donations are a function of fundraising, government grants, total household income, inequality in household income, disasters, Official Development Assistance, and unobserved fixed characteristics of charities. Models are estimated by the within groups estimator and also by Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). When using the GMM approach, fundraising and government grants are allowed to be endogenous. Fundraising has a powerful effect. Government grants appear to crowd in rather than crowd out donations. No impact is found from ODA. The hypothesis of a unitary income elasticity for donations cannot be rejected. Results are compared with those for nondevelopment charities.
Increased Oxygen Bioavailability Improved Vigor and Germination of Aged Vegetable Seeds

Large and/or aged seeds are prone to hypoxic conditions during germination. Germination of selected vegetable seeds including corn (Zea mays L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied in water with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution ranging from 0, 0.06% to 3.0% (v/v) or in aeroponics, all with 0.5 mM CaSO4. Imbibition, oxygen consumption, proton extrusion, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHase) activity of corn seeds were measured gravimetrically, electrochemically, and colorimetrically as appropriate. The results showed that 0.15% H2O2 provided the optimum oxygen concentration for seed germination. The germination percentage of aged corn seeds treated with H2O2was significantly greater than those without H2O2 treatment. Corn embryo orient ation in relation to am oist substrate also signif icantly impacted oxygen bioavailability to the embryo and hence ADHase activity. Corn seeds without H2O2 imbibed significantly more slowly than those with oxygen fortification by 0.15% H2O2. Increased oxygen bioavailability improved the metabolism of the seeds, which extruded 5-fold more protons from the embryos. Each treated embryo consumed twice the amountofoxygenascomparedwiththeuntreatedoneandlikewisefortreatedanduntreated endosperms. Increased oxygen bioavailability may be used to improve production of the tested crops. The results from this research imply that consideration should be given to includingoxygenfortificationinseedcoatings for aged seeds andfor large seeds regardless of age. The artificial provision of bioavailable oxygen might be effective in rescuing the germplasm in aged seeds in plant breeding and in crop production.
Follow the leader if you can, hedge if you must

Follow-the-Leader (FTL) is an intuitive sequential prediction strategy that guarantees constant regret in the stochastic setting, but has poor performance for worst-case data. Other hedging strategies have better worst-case guarantees but may perform much worse than FTL if the data are not maximally adversarial. We introduce the FlipFlop algorithm, which is the first method that provably combines the best of both worlds. As a stepping stone for our analysis, we develop AdaHedge, which is a new way of dynamically tuning the learning rate in Hedge without using the doubling trick. AdaHedge refines a method by Cesa-Bianchi, Mansour, and Stoltz (2007), yielding improved worst-case guarantees. By interleaving AdaHedge and FTL, FlipFlop achieves regret within a constant factor of the FTL regret, without sacrificing AdaHedge's worst-case guarantees. AdaHedge and FlipFlop do not need to know the range of the losses in advance; moreover, unlike earlier methods, both have the intuitive property that the issued weights are invariant under rescaling and translation of the losses. The losses are also allowed to be negative, in which case they may be interpreted as gains.
M I T S l o a n S c h o o l o f M a n a g e m e n t

Past studies of gender and hierarchy document that the proportion of women declines as one looks up levels of the organizational hierarchy. With few exceptions, studies have conceived of the glass ceiling as reflecting disparities in internal promotion. Recent research has questioned this exclusive focus on internal processes, demonstrating that glass ceiling patterns can also be the result of external recruitment. Using data on people applying via the Internet to jobs at a medium sized high tech firm, we examine the external supply of candidates at the point of application to the firm. We find a “glass ceiling” pattern where the proportion of female applicants in the candidate pool declines as one looks up the four levels of the organization’s hierarchy. Females tend to apply to lower level jobs than do males, and part of this difference explained by observed human capital factors of education, work, and management experience. Networks also contribute to this gendered pattern of job application, with male network referrals applying to higher level jobs than do female network referrals. However, networks do not account for the pattern: even among non-referred applicants, females apply to lower level jobs than do males. In addition to these gender differences at the point of application, we find evidence that demand-side screening processes contribute to the glass ceiling pattern: females are less likely than males to be offered jobs as one looks up levels of the firm’s hierarchy. These results suggest that it should not be assumed that the “glass ceiling” is the result of internal promotion processes: the same pattern can be produced by supply-side or demand-side processes operating in the hiring of externals.
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Objective To clarify and quantify the potential dose–response association between the intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Meta-analysis and systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Data source Studies published before February 2014 identified through electronic searches using PubMed and Embase. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Prospective cohort studies with relative risks and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes according to the intake of fruit, vegetables, or fruit and vegetables. Results A total of 10 articles including 13 comparisons with 24 013 cases of type 2 diabetes and 434 342 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence of curve linear associations was seen between fruit and green leafy vegetables consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (p=0.059 and p=0.036 for non-linearity, respectively). The summary relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 1 serving fruit consumed/day was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) without heterogeneity among studies (p=0.477, I2=0%). For vegetables, the combined relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 1 serving consumed/day was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.01) with moderate heterogeneity among studies (p=0.002, I2=66.5%). For green leafy vegetables, the summary relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 0.2 serving consumed/day was 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) without heterogeneity among studies (p=0.496, I2=0%). The combined estimates showed no significant benefits of increasing the consumption of fruit and vegetables combined. Conclusions Higher fruit or green leafy vegetables intake is associated with a significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT AND THE BEHAVIORAL WELL-BEING OF SOCIAL WORKERS

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . x CHAPTER ONE: SOCIAL WORK AND BURNOUT Introduction . 1 Problem Statement . 1 Purpose of the Study . 4 Significance of the Study for Social Work Practice . 4 Summary . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction . 7 Definition of Burnout . 7 Dimensions of Burnout . 8 Emotional Exhaustion . 8 Depersonalization . 8 Personal Accomplishment . 9 Definition of Behavioral Well-Being . 9 Studies Focusing on Burnout and Worker Well-Being . 10 Gaps in the Literature . 11 Theories Guiding Conceptualization . 12 Summary . 15
Automatic Shell Detection in CGPS Data

A numerical code aiming at the automatic detection of spher- ical expanding HI shells in radio data-cubes is presented. The following five shell parameters are allowed to vary within a specified range: angular radius, expansion velocity and three center coordinates (galactic coordi- nates l and b, and systemic radial velocity V ). We discuss several factors which can reduce the sensitivity of the shell detection: the presence of noise (both instrumental and "structural"), the fragmentation and as- phericity of the shell and the inhomogeneity of the background and/or foreground emission. The code is tested on four objects: two HII regions and two early B stars. We use HI data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey. In all four cases the evidence for an expanding HI shell is found.
Model-based verification of adaptive embedded systems under environment constraints

Model-based verification of adaptive embedded systems is a promising approach to deal with the increased complexity that adaptation imposes on system design. Properties of embedded systems typically depend on the environment in which they are deployed. Thus, the environment has to be considered for verification. In this paper, we propose a technique to verify properties of design-level models of adaptive embedded systems under environment constraints. We transfer ideas originating from assume-guarantee reasoning for Kripke structures to design-level models of adaptive embedded systems in order to reduce conditional validity checking to standard model checking.
Optimizing requirements decisions with keys

Recent work with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has allowed for external access to five of JPL's real-world requirements models, anonymized to conceal proprietary information, but retaining their computational nature. Experimentation with these models, reported herein, demonstrates a dramatic speedup in the computations performed on them. These models have a well defined goal: select mitigations that retire risks which, in turn, increases the number of attainable requirements. Such a non-linear optimization is a well-studied problem. However identification of not only (a)~the optimal solution(s) but also (b)~the key factors leading to them is less well studied. Our technique, called KEYS, shows a rapid way of simultaneously identifying the solutions and their key factors. KEYS improves on prior work by several orders of magnitude. Prior experiments with simulated annealing or treatment learning took tens of minutes to hours to terminate. KEYS runs much faster than that; e.g for one model, KEYS ran 13,000 times faster than treatment learning (40 minutes versus 0.18 seconds). Processing these JPL models is a non-linear optimization problem: the fewest mitigations must be selected while achieving the most requirements. Non-linear optimization is a well studied problem. With this paper, we challenge other members of the PROMISE community to improve on our results with other techniques.
Unraveling the Complex: Changes in Secondary Science Preservice Teachers' Assessment Expertise - eScholarship

Becoming prepared to assess science learning is a daunting endeavor. Expert science teachers assess a wide range of scientific knowledge and practices, modify instruction based on assessment information, and consider the needs of their diverse learners. These skills are informed by but not necessarily consistent with what one believes and knows about assessment. In this study, I explored the ways in which the assessment expertise of 11 secondary science preservice teachers changed during their 12-month teacher education program. Conceptually, I framed assessment expertise along three dimensions: (a) constructing coherently linked assessments (Construction), (b) using assessment to support students' science learning (Use), and (c) equitably assessing English learners (Equity). Informed by the Construction-Use-Equity (CUE) framework, I designed a set of activities to support teacher learning about assessing science in linguistically diverse classrooms and delivered these activities in three of the participants' courses. Given this context, I report on both conceptual development and empirical findings from the study. First, via a scoring rubric, I articulate how the multidimensional CUE framework translates into observable levels of assessment expertise. Next, I report on the mixed methods analysis of surveys, interviews, and teacher products. Broadly, descriptive and non-parametric statistical analyses indicate that the teachers' assessment expertise changed differently among the three conceptual dimensions. Qualitative analyses describe the nature of these changes. Most notably, the teachers (a) considered the alignment between assessment task and learning objective, (b) expanded their repertoire of assessment tasks and general assessment strategies, (c) moved toward a formative view of assessment, and (d) became increasingly aware about the role of language in assessment. Finally, in greater detail, I explore the latter pattern by incorporating qualitative analysis of three teachers' classroom practices. These resulting case studies illustrate tensions about whether to assess language in addition to science content and whether to scaffold language use in assessment rather than reduce the use of language. By furthering a conceptualization of assessment expertise and by identifying and describing changing expertise, the study aims to inform how teachers are prepared to assess science.
Emotion Work and Musculoskeletal Pain in Supermarket Cashiers: A Test of a Sleep-Mediation Model

Repetitive movement and a lack of postural change are known risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in cashiers. This study tests emotional dissonance – the demand to keep being polite to impolite customers – as an additional risk factor. Furthermore, sleep problems are expected to mediate the link between emotion work and musculoskeletal pain. Data contains 103 female supermarket cashiers from three supermarkets of a large retailer responded to a questionnaire (participation rate 60.6%). An open question asked for the most negative job facets in daily work. Standardized questionnaire were used to assess emotional dissonance, sleep problems and musculoskeletal pain. Responses to the open question showed experience of unkind customers as the most prevalent negative experience at work reported by 47.6% of cashiers, followed by prolonged sitting (8.7%). Emotional dissonance was a significant predictor of neck and back pain when BMI, age, part-time work, and change of hand function during their shift (work rotation) were controlled (β = . 30, p