Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in patients with gastric cancer

Background:In recent years, CD44 and CD133 have been identified as 2 common used cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of these markers in gastric cancer remains controversial; moreover, there is lack of comparison of these 2 markers’ roles in clinical applications. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate these markers’ clinicopathological features and association with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Methods:Eligible studies were identified and odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were analyzed as well. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. Results:The meta-analysis included 26 studies involving 4729 patients. High expression of CD44 was associated with Lauren type (intestinal type) (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.02–2.30]; P = 0.038) and lymphatic vessel invasion (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06–1.76]; P = 0.021). CD133 overexpression was related to high TNM stage (III/IV) (OR, 3.18 [95% CI, 2.48–4.07]; P = 0.000), high depth of invasion (T3/T4) (OR, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.20–4.03]; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.82 [95% CI, 2.16–3.69]; P = 0.000), vascular invasion (OR, 6.71 [95% CI, 1.63–27.63]; P = 0.008), and distant metastasis (OR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.64–3.29]; P = 0.000). In addition, survival analysis demonstrated a significant association between CD44, as well as CD133 and poor 5-year overall survival (HR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.55–2.26]; P = 0.000; HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.76–2.44]; P = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion:These data suggest that upregulated expression of CD44 and CD133 correlates with several clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Since the related features do not overlap, combined detection of CD44 and CD133 expression can be an especially effective tool for pathological diagnosis and prognostic prediction of gastric cancer patients in clinical applications.
Edge-preserving multiscale image decomposition based on local extrema

We propose a new model for detail that inherently captures oscillations, a key property that distinguishes textures from individual edges. Inspired by techniques in empirical data analysis and morphological image analysis, we use the local extrema of the input image to extract information about oscillations: We define detail as oscillations between local minima and maxima. Building on the key observation that the spatial scale of oscillations are characterized by the density of local extrema, we develop an algorithm for decomposing images into multiple scales of superposed oscillations. Current edge-preserving image decompositions assume image detail to be low contrast variation. Consequently they apply filters that extract features with increasing contrast as successive layers of detail. As a result, they are unable to distinguish between high-contrast, fine-scale features and edges of similar contrast that are to be preserved. We compare our results with existing edge-preserving image decomposition algorithms and demonstrate exciting applications that are made possible by our new notion of detail.
Crosslinguistic influence in the discovery of gender: the case of Greek–Dutch bilingual children

This study investigates the acquisition of grammatical gender in both languages of 21 simultaneous Greek–Dutch bilingual children living in the Netherlands. Greek and Dutch stand on the two opposite sides in terms of frequency and transparency of gender cues. Consequently, monolingual acquisition of gender in Greek is precocious with few overgeneralizations of the default value, neuter, in early stages. In contrast, monolingual acquisition of gender in Dutch is very late with errors in neuter nouns persisting up to the age of 7. Simultaneous Greek–Dutch bilingual children present an interesting test case of crosslinguistic influence in the form of acceleration (Greek affecting Dutch) or delay (Dutch affecting Greek). Children were tested on gender marking on determiners and adjectives in production and grammaticality judgment tasks. Input measures of Greek and Dutch and lexical skills were also considered. Results point to crosslinguistic influence in the form of acceleration of gender discovery in Dutch.
Simulating Time-Varying Demand Services with Queuing Models

Resource provision for services that have time-varying demands has raised a great concern to service providers aiming at high-standard service quality. We propose a new resource provision approach using service simulation and arrival rate estimation that integrates unsupervised clustering and statistics techniques. We first cluster days that have similar arrival patterns together, where from each cluster we can reveal and separate days having different reasons for time-varying demands of the service. We then adopt the two layer business factor model to estimate multi-interval Poisson arrival distributions on daily bases for simulating stochastic processes. Applying simulation on queuing models with multi-interval Poisson arrival processes, we can observe stochastic changes of customer waiting time, queuing lengths and number of workers under different service strategies. We conduct a case study on an electricity service call center in real industries, showing how to build adequate resource provision and estimation against history data in past years and how the performance improved compared to their previous heuristics in real life operations.
Extending RSVP-TE to support inter-AS LSPs

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is currently used inside autonomous systems (ASs) for virtual private networks (VPNs) or traffic engineering (TE) purposes. We first discuss the service provider's requirements for the utilization of MPLS label switched paths (LSPs) across AS boundaries. Then we propose a minimum set of extensions to RSVP-TE that allow inter-AS LSPs to be established in accordance with the SP's requirements. We also show how LSP protection techniques can be extended to provide link or node failure protection for the inter-AS links and border routers.
Analysis of Temporal-Based Program Behavior for Improved Instruction Cache Performance

In this paper, we examine temporal-based program interaction in order to improve layout by reducing the probability that program units will conflict in an instruction cache. In that context, we present two profile-guided procedure reordering algorithms. Both techniques use cache line coloring to arrive at a final program layout and target the elimination of first generation cache conflicts (i.e., conflicts between caller/callee pairs). The first algorithm builds a call graph that records local temporal interaction between procedures. We will describe how the call graph is used to guide the placement step and present methods that accelerate cache line coloring by exploring aggressive graph pruning techniques. In the second approach, we capture global temporal program interaction by constructing a Conflict Miss Graph (CMG). The CMG estimates the worst-case number of misses two competing procedures can inflict upon one another and reducing higher generation cache conflicts. We use a pruned CMG graph to guide cache line coloring. Using several C and C++ benchmarks, we show the benefits of letting both types of graphs guide procedure reordering to improve instruction cache hit rates. To contrast the differences between these two forms of temporal interaction, we also develop new characterization streams based on the Inter-Reference Gap (IRG) model.
Effects of a Workplace Intervention Targeting Psychosocial Risk Factors on Safety and Health Outcomes

The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of a workplace intervention targeting work-life stress and safety-related psychosocial risk factors on health and safety outcomes. Data were collected over time using a randomized control trial design with 264 construction workers employed in an urban municipal department. The intervention involved family- and safety-supportive supervisor behavior training (computer-based), followed by two weeks of behavior tracking and a four-hour, facilitated team effectiveness session including supervisors and employees. A significant positive intervention effect was found for an objective measure of blood pressure at the 12-month follow-up. However, no significant intervention results were found for self-reported general health, safety participation, or safety compliance. These findings suggest that an intervention focused on supervisor support training and a team effectiveness process for planning and problem solving should be further refined and utilized in order to improve employee health with additional research on the beneficial effects on worker safety.
Exploring Exploration: Inquiries into Exploration Behavior in Complex Problem Solving Assessment

Complex Problem Solving (CPS) is a prominent representative of transversal, domain-general skills, empirically connected to a broad range of outcomes and recently included in large-scale assessments such as PISA 2012. Advancements in the assessment of CPS are now calling for a) broader assessment vehicles allowing the whole breadth of the concept to unfold and b) additional efforts with regard to the exploitation of log-file data available. Our Paper explores the consequences of heterogeneous tasks with regard to the applicability of an established measure of strategic behavior (VOTAT) featured currently in assessment instruments. We present a modified conception of this strategy suitable for a broader range of tasks and test its utility on an empirical basis. Additional value is investigated along the line of theory driven educational data mining of process data.
Game Design for Stroke Rehabilitation Robots: A Pilot Study Comparing Masked Versus Unmasked Game Designs

Appropriately-designed computer games can improve rehabilitation therapy outcomes by motivating stroke survivors to follow through with exercises. Supplementing conventional therapy with computer games and robotics enables patients to continue without therapists constantly present for repetitive parts of therapy. Studies have used “Basic” (framed as target exercise), “Unmasked” (simulating everyday activity), or “Masked” (fantasy activity) games, without addressing which design best maintains stroke survivors’ motivation and time on task. Three such games were developed for an upper limb robot and analyzed with gameplay measurements, questionnaires, and observations determining which game users preferred, played longer, and performed more repetitions. The “Masked” game had the greatest preference “votes” (5), time on task (24.2 ± 11.6 minutes), and motion repetitions (1191 ± 778), but also misses (180 ± 211) and standard deviations. We should individually tailor games, but continue developing “Masked” games, possibly blending game types. Future design and process recommendations were listed.
Functional Compartmentalization of Endosomal Trafficking for the Synaptic Delivery of AMPA Receptors during Long-Term Potentiation

Endosomal membrane trafficking in dendritic spines is important for proper synaptic function and plasticity. However, little is known about the molecular identity and functional compartmentalization of the membrane trafficking machinery operating at the postsynaptic terminal. Here we report that the transport of AMPA-type glutamate receptors into synapses occurs in two discrete steps, and we identify the specific endosomal functions that control this process during long-term potentiation. We found that Rab11-dependent endosomes translocate AMPA receptors from the dendritic shaft into spines. Subsequently, an additional endosomal trafficking step, controlled by Rab8, drives receptor insertion into the synaptic membrane. Separate from this receptor delivery route, we show that Rab4 mediates a constitutive endosomal recycling within the spine. This Rab4-dependent cycling is critical for maintaining spine size but does not influence receptor transport. Therefore, our data reveal a highly compartmentalized endosomal network within the spine and identify the molecular components and functional organization of the membrane organelles that mediate AMPA receptor synaptic delivery during plasticity.
Rake-Pmi Automated Keyphrase Extraction: An unsupervised approach for automated extraction of keyphrases

Keyphrase extraction is a major step which is used in various applications such as document clustering, summarization. It can be solved using supervised as well as unsupervised approach. The unsupervised approach is based on the ranking of keyphrases and extracting the top few. For ranking, researchers either use statistical measures or language modeling. We propose a system called RAKE-PMI, which uses both approaches for ranking of phrases. PointWise Mutual Information(PMI) score of adjacent words in a phrase is calculated through the language modeling. For calculation of PMI, we extract the scores from keywords extracted from the entire corpora. This helps in analyzing the term collocation of words within a phrase. We compared proposed approach with one of the popular systems called RAKE and achieved a precision of . 41 as compared to the precision of . 36 achieved by RAKE for the given data set.
Revisiting the Crowding Phenomenon in Schwarz-Christoffel Mapping

We address the problem of conformally mapping the unit disk to polygons with elongations. The elongations cause the derivative of the conformal map to be exponentially large in some regions. This crowding phenomenon creates difficulties in standard numerical methods for the computation of the conformal map. We make use of the Schwarz-Christoffel representation of the mapping and show that a simple change to the existing algorithms introduced by Trefethen [SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. , 1 (1980), pp. 82-102] makes it feasible to accurately compute conformal maps to polygons even in the presence of extreme crowding. For an efficient algorithm it is essential that a good initial guess for the parameters of the Schwarz-Christoffel map be available. A uniformly close initial guess can be obtained from the cross-ratios of certain quadrilaterals, as introduced in the CRDT algorithm of Driscoll and Vavasis [SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 19 (1998), pp. 1783-1803]. We present numerical experiments and compare our algorithms with the CRDT which has been particularly designed to combat crowding.
Ganglioside GM1 levels are a determinant of the extent of caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis of cholera toxin to the Golgi apparatus

Cholera toxin is associated with caveolae and raft domains in various cell types and previous studies have shown that cholera toxin can be internalized by caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis as well as by other pathways. We undertook the study of cholera toxin endocytosis in CaCo-2 and HeLa cells. CaCo-2 cells do not express detectable levels of caveolin and, relative to HeLa cells, also present significantly reduced expression of ganglioside GM1, the cholera toxin receptor, that remains Triton X-100 insoluble. Amongst the HeLa cell population, caveolin expression is constant, however, GM1 expression is highly variable. Cholera toxin is internalized to the Golgi apparatus via a caveolae/raft-dependent pathway sensitive to methyl-β-cyclodextrin and genistein in high-GM1-expressing HeLa cells but not in low-GM1 HeLa cells or in CaCo-2 cells. Limited cholera toxin endocytosis to endosomes sensitive to neither methyl-β-cyclodextrin nor genistein is also observed in all cells and corresponds to a non-caveolae/raft endocytic pathway. Increasing cell-associated GM1 by adding GM1 to the cell media of both HeLa and CaCo-2 cells selectively enhances the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-, genistein-sensitive delivery of cholera toxin to the Golgi apparatus but not to endosomes. GM1 expression levels are therefore a selective determinant of caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis of cholera toxin to the Golgi apparatus and variable expression of GM1 between cells can impact on the endocytosis and choice of pathway followed by cholera toxin.
Comparison of methods for estimation and compensation of friction applied to an inverted pendulum

The inverted pendulum contains non-negligible nonlinearities due to friction, causing limit cycles. In this paper, a recently proposed method is applied to estimate friction using only data from the closed loop operation. The estimate is compared with the results of open loop tests, showing their similarity. The friction compensation is carried out via two different approaches. First, Karnopp and LuGre friction models are used to estimate and compensate friction force. Then knocker and dead band compensators are applied using friction estimates. Both performance and information required for compensation techniques implementation are compared through a real inverted pendulum application.
Independent Colimitation for Carbon Dioxide and Inorganic Phosphorus

Simultaneous limitation of plant growth by two or more nutrients is increasingly acknowledged as a common phenomenon in nature, but its cellular mechanisms are far from understood. We investigated the uptake kinetics of CO2 and phosphorus of the algae Chlamydomonas acidophila in response to growth at limiting conditions of CO2 and phosphorus. In addition, we fitted the data to four different Monod-type models: one assuming Liebigs Law of the minimum, one assuming that the affinity for the uptake of one nutrient is not influenced by the supply of the other (independent colimitation) and two where the uptake affinity for one nutrient depends on the supply of the other (dependent colimitation). In addition we asked whether the physiological response under colimitation differs from that under single nutrient limitation. We found no negative correlation between the affinities for uptake of the two nutrients, thereby rejecting a dependent colimitation. Kinetic data were supported by a better model fit assuming independent uptake of colimiting nutrients than when assuming Liebigs Law of the minimum or a dependent colimitation. Results show that cell nutrient homeostasis regulated nutrient acquisition which resulted in a trade-off in the maximum uptake rates of CO2 and phosphorus, possibly driven by space limitation on the cell membrane for porters for the different nutrients. Hence, the response to colimitation deviated from that to a single nutrient limitation. In conclusion, responses to single nutrient limitation cannot be extrapolated to situations where multiple nutrients are limiting, which calls for colimitation experiments and models to properly predict growth responses to a changing natural environment. These deviations from single nutrient limitation response under colimiting conditions and independent colimitation may also hold for other nutrients in algae and in higher plants.
Network coding-based multicast in multi-hop CRNs under uncertain spectrum availability

The benefits of network coding on multicast in traditional multi-hop wireless networks have already been demonstrated in previous works. However, most existing approaches cannot be directly applied to multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs), given the unpredictable primary user occupancy on licensed channels. Specifically, due to the unpredictable occupancy, the channel's bandwidth is uncertain and thus the capacity of the link using this channel is also uncertain, which may result in severe throughput loss. In this paper, we study the problem of network coding-based multicast in multi-hop CRNs considering the uncertain spectrum availability. To capture the uncertainty of spectrum availability, we first formulate our problem as a chance-constrained program. Given the computationally intractability of the above program, we transform the original problem into a tractable convex optimization problem, through appropriate Bernstein approximation together with relaxation on link scheduling. We further leverage Lagrangian relaxation-based optimization techniques to propose an efficient distributed algorithm for the original problem. Extensive simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm achieves higher multicast rates, compared to a state-of-the-art non-network coding algorithm in multi-hop CRNs, and a conservative robust algorithm that treats the link capacity as a constant value in the optimization.
Big Book of Notes

5 Consistency Guarantees 5 5.1 Transactions . 5 5.2 Linearizability . 6 5.3 Sequential Consistency . 6 5.4 Causal Consistency . 6 5.5 release consistency . 7 5.6 eventual consistency . 7 5.7 delta consistency . 8 5.8 PRAM consistency . 8 5.9 weak consistency . 8 5.10 Fork Consistency . 8 5.11 Best Effort . 8 5.12 Open/Close . 8
The Forgotten Role of Central Volume in Low Frequency Oscillations of Heart Rate Variability

The hypothesis that central volume plays a key role in the source of low frequency (LF) oscillations of heart rate variability (HRV) was tested in a population of end stage renal disease patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis (HD) treatment, and thus subject to large fluid shifts and sympathetic activation. Fluid overload (FO) in 58 chronic HD patients was assessed by whole body bioimpedance measurements before the midweek HD session. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was measured using 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram recordings starting before the same HD treatment. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed on HRV signals. Patients were retrospectively classified in three groups according to tertiles of FO normalized to the extracellular water (FO/ECW%). These groups were also compared after stratification by diabetes mellitus. Patients with the low to medium hydration status before the treatment (i.e. 1st and 2nd FO/ECW% tertiles) showed a significant increase in LF power during last 30 min of HD compared to dialysis begin, while no significant change in LF power was seen in the third group (i.e. those with high pre-treatment hydration values). In conclusion, several mechanisms can generate LF oscillations in the cardiovascular system, including baroreflex feedback loops and central oscillators. However, the current results emphasize the role played by the central volume in determining the power of LF oscillations.
Dictionary learning for a sparse appearance model in visual tracking

This paper presents a novel approach to visual object tracking based on particle filtering. The tracked object is modelled by a sparse representation provided by dictionary learning. Such an approach permits to describe the target by a model of reduced dimension. The likelihood of a candidate region is built on a similarity measure between the sparse representations of a set of patches (at known positions) in the dictionary learnt from the reference template. Experimental validation is performed on various video sequences and shows the robustness of the proposed approach.