Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar lavage alterations during prolonged ventilation of patients without acute lung injury

Mechanical ventilation deteriorates previously injured lung, but little is known about its effect on healthy human lung. This work was designed to assess the effect of prolonged mechanical ventilation on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid composition of patients without acute lung injury. Twenty-two ventilated patients (tidal volume 8–10 mL·kg−1, positive end-expiratory pressure 3–5 cmH2O) without lung injury, who did not develop any complication from the respiratory system during the 2‐week study period, were studied. They were subjected to three consecutive BALs, the first during 36 h from intubation, the second at the end of the first week of mechanical ventilation and the third at the end of the second week of mechanical ventilation. Total BAL protein increased during mechanical ventilation (148±62, 381±288, 353±215 µg·mL−1 BAL for the first, second and third BAL, respectively). In contrast, BAL phospholipids decreased (2.7±1.1, 1.4±0.6, 1.2±0.7 µg·mL−1 BAL, respectively). Large surfactant aggregates were reduced and inflammatory markers, such as platelet activating factor (PAF), PAF-acetylhydrolase and neutrophils, significantly increased after 1 week, but partially remitted after 2 weeks of mechanical ventilation. In summary, this study demonstrates that prolonged mechanical ventilation even of patients without acute lung injury is associated with the presence of inflammatory markers and surfactant alterations.
Meiotic defects and decreased expression of genes located around the chromosomal breakpoint in the testis of a patient with a novel 46,X,t(Y;1)(p11.3;p31) translocation

Balanced translocations are known to be associated with infertility, spontaneous abortions and birth defects in mammals. Spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining were applied to detect meiotic prophase I progression, homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis and recombination in an azoospermic reciprocal translocation 46,X,t(Y;1)(p11.3;p31) carrier. Histological examination of testicular sections revealed a severely reduced number of germ cells with no spermatids or sperm in the carrier. A significant reduction in XY recombination was observed in the patient. The number of MLH1 foci on autosomes that are not involved in the translocation per cell was also significantly decreased in our patient as compared to the controls, which indicates an inter-chromosomal effect (ICE) of the translocation on recombination. An increase in leptotene (P<0.001) and zygotene (P<0.001) and a decrease in pachytene spermatocytes (P<0.001) were observed in the carrier when compared with the controls, indicating disturbed meiotic progression in the patient. Increased RAD51 foci during pachytene (P=0.02) in the spermatocytes of the patient were noted. A decreased expression of the genes (USP1, INSL5, LEPR and MSH4) critical for meiosis/spermatogenesis and located around the breakpoint region of chromosome 1 was observed in the 46,X,t(Y;1) carrier, which may further exacerbate the meiotic failure such as reduced recombination on autosomes and ultimately cause spermatogenesis arrest. In summary, we report a series of events that may have caused infertility in our 46,X,t(Y;1) carrier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on how, possibly, a reciprocal translocation affects meiosis at the molecular level in azoospermia patients.
P o S ( X L A S N P A ) 0 3 0 Table-top phase-contrast X-ray microradiography of biological samples with Medipix type detector and flat-panel

Karla Palma-Alejandroab∗†, Jan Zemlickaa, Frantisek Krejcia and Carlos Granjaa a Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague Horska 3a/22, CZ-128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic bFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7, CZ-115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic E-mail: karla.palma@utef.cvut. cz,jan.zemlicka@utef.cvut. cz, frantisek.krejci@utef.cvut. cz, carlos.granja@utef.cvut. cz
WAVE-FUNCTION ENTROPY AND DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING IN THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL

The degree of chaos in the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) is compared with what we call the "dynamical-symmetry content" of the system. The latter is represented by the information entropy of the eigenfunctions with respect to bases associated with dynamical symmetries of the IBM-1, and expresses thus the localization of actual eigenfunctions in these symmetry bases. The wave-function entropy is shown to be a sensitive tool for monitoring the processes of a single dynamical-symmetry breaking or transitions between two and more symmetries. For the IBM-1 hamiltonians studied here, the known features related to chaos, namely the dependence of chaotic measures on the hamiltonian parameters (position in the Casten triangle) and on the angular momentum, turn out to be correlated with the behaviour of the wave-function entropy. PACs 21.60. Fw; 05.45. +b
Analysis of a Stabilized CNLF Method with Fast Slow Wave Splittings for Flow Problems

Abstract In this work, we study Crank–Nicolson leap-frog (CNLF) methods with fast-slow wave splittings for Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) with a rotation/Coriolis force term, which is a simplification of geophysical flows. We propose a new stabilized CNLF method where the added stabilization completely removes the method's CFL time step condition. A comprehensive stability and error analysis is given. We also prove that for Oseen equations with the rotation term, the unstable mode (for which u n+1 +u n-1 ≡0$u^{n+1}+u^{n-1}\equiv 0 $ ) of CNLF is asymptotically stable. Numerical results are provided to verify the stability and the convergence of the methods.
Rémunération des dirigeants et Performance financière: une étude française

The objective of this paper is to estimate in France the sensitivity of executive compensation at the shareholder value creation. It is a replication of the method of Jensen and Murphy (1990) in a different institutional context. This replication allows us to compare French results with American results, what is interesting considering the differences of the institutional context, what could let anticipate considerable differences in the compensation policy. Thus, by following the political argument of Roe (2001), we should expect a Pay-Performance sensitivity lower in France than in the United States. According to our results, the compensation of CEO of French listed companies is positively related to shareholder wealth. In addition, and contrary to the policy assumption of Roe (2001), the global compensation of the French CEO has an incentive effect more important than in the American companies
AXIALLY SYMMETRICAL JET MIXING OF A COMPRESSIBLE FLUID

The corresponding laminar problem has been theoretically analyzed by Schlichting3 in 1933. Neither of these solutions, however, holds for finite opening, i.e. at a short distance from the opening. Kuethe,3 in 1935, extended Tollmien's results to the case of a two-dimensional jet issuing into a medium not at rest and also worked out an approximate method for'the computation of the velocity profile in the initial part of a round jet issuing into medium at rest. Squire and Trouncer,4 in 1944, extended Kuethe's results to the case of a round jet issuing into a uniform stream by assuming certain velocity profiles across the jet. Abramovich,5 in 1939, extended Tollmien's problem, i.e. the mixing of a parallel stream with the adjacent medium at rest, to the case of a compressible fluid. He considered the effects of compressibility due to high temperature and those due to high subsonic speed separately and obtained some approximate solutions. Reichardt,0 in 1941, from the experimental data, suggested the constant exchange coefficient over each cross-section of the mixing zone for the free turbulence problem and Gortler,7 in 1942, reexamined Tollmien's problems by the application of Reichardt's theory and obtained some improvement in the velocity profiles. In 1949, the present author,8 investigated the problems of the flow of a two-dimensional jet from a finite opening of a compressible fluid exhausting into uniform stream and of the mixing of two uniform streams of compressible fluid. Both the laminar and the turbulent cases were considered. The effects of compressibility due to large temperature difference and those due to high velocity were considered simultaneously. In the present paper, this analysis is extended to the case of an axially symmetrical jet of a compressible fluid exhausting into a uniform stream. The flow of the jet is assumed to be under full expansion from a nozzle, i.e. the pressure of the flow at the exit of the nozzle is exactly equal to that of the surrounding stream. The pressure gradient in the jet is assumed to be negligible. Both the laminar and the turbulent cases will be considered. The first part of this paper is concerned with the laminar flow. The usual assumptions of boundary layer theory adopted to simplify the Navier-Stokes equations. A solution by the method of small perturbations is first obtained. Then the exact solution is examined. A numerical integration method is used to compute the velocity and the temperature distributions in the jet for the exact solution.
Hypertensive African American women and the DASH diet

AbstractThis integrative review identifies barriers to implementing the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in hypertensive African American women. Databases were searched for original research published between 1999 and 2009. Barriers included clinicians' low adherence to nutritional counseling and patients' lack of knowledge regarding nutrition and the consequences of hypertension.
An end-to-end qos architecture for mobile hosts

Mobility is one of the new services that have been introduced due to the development and poularity of the Internet. However, the current Internet lacks quality of service support. This article presents an end-to-end QoS architecture for roaming terminals. This architecture is based on Mobile IP Reservation Protocol (MIR) [10], Hierarchical Mobile IP (HMIP) and Diffserv. MIR operates within the wireless environment inside a HMIP domain while Diffserv mechanisms provide end-to-end QoS. MIR addresses the problem of bandwidth and reservation in order to provide users of a shared medium with a guaranteed bandwidth. Resources are reserved in the cells where mobile nodes are likely to go.
Evolution of the Fenna–Matthews–Olson Complex and Its Quantum Coherence Features. Which Led the Way?

Few scientific questions are as intriguing and at the same time as relevant as those about the origin of life on Earth. Even fewer present-day phenomena are as related to its answer as that of photosynthesis and its origin. Even though photosynthesis is more commonly perceived as pertaining to the realm of biology, actually quantum molecular physics is the discipline most suitable to explore the transformation of electromagnetic energy into stored chemical energy and how living organisms evolved in order to take advantage of this energy transformation mechanism. The research article by Valleau and Aspuru-Guzik reported in ACS Central Science is a testimony to the far-reaching lengths that both seemingly opposite scientific disciplines can go when working closely together to elucidate the influence that quantum phenomena exert over the evolution of an autotrophic organismspecifically, the evolution of the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complex, a trimeric pigment–protein complex which lies between the antennae complexes and the reaction center of the photosystem II of sulfur green bacteria, and whose primary function is to serve as a molecular wire transporting the excitons generated during light harvesting by the pigments toward the reaction center where the cascade of redox chemical reactions take place. The excitation energy transfer dynamics are required to be fast or otherwise it is lost; it is now known that this transport occurs with quantum coherence; that is, very little energy is dissipated as heat or radiation, making it an almost 100% efficient process. But how exactly did the FMO complex evolve to exhibit this remarkable feature of quantum coherence? Or even more puzzling, how did quantum coherence lead the evolution of FMO?
On the θ-coverage and connectivity of large random networks ∗ †

Wireless planar networks have been used to model wireless networks in a tradition that dates back to 1961 to the work of E. N. Gilbert. Indeed the study of connected components in wireless networks was the motivation for his pioneering work that spawned the modern field of continuum percolation theory. Given that node locations in wireless networks are not known, random planar modelling can be used to provide preliminary assessments of important quantities such as range, number of neighbors, power consumption, and connectivity, and issues such as spatial reuse and capacity. In this paper, the problem of connectivity based on nearest neighbors is addressed. The exact threshold function for θ-coverage is found for wireless networks modelled as n points uniformly distributed in a unit square, with every node connecting to its φn nearest neighbors. A network is called θ-covered if every node, except those near the boundary, can find one of its φn nearest neighbors in any sector of angle θ. For all θ ∈ (0, 2π), if φn = (1+ δ) log 2π 2π−θ n, it is shown that the probability of θ-coverage goes to one as n goes to infinity, for any δ > 0; on the other hand, if φn = (1− δ) log 2π 2π−θ n, the probability of θ-coverage goes to zero. This sharp characterization of θ-coverage is used to show, via further geometric arguments, that the network will be connected with probability approaching one if φn = (1 + δ) log2 n. Connections between these results and the performance analysis of wireless networks, especially for routing and topology control algorithms, are discussed. Please address all the correspondence to the second author at the above address. Email: prkumar@uiuc.edu This material is based upon work partially supported by NSF under Contract Nos. NSF-ANI-0221357 and CCR-0325716, USARO under Contract Nos. DAAD19-00-1-0466 and DAAD19-01010-465, DARPA/AFOSR under Contract No. F49620-02-1-0325, AFOSR under Contract No. F49620-02-1-0217, and DARPA under Contact Nos. N00014-0-1-1-0576 and F33615-0-1-C-1905.
Production of anti‐ABO blood group antibodies after minor ABO‐incompatible bone marrow transplantation in NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice

ABO incompatibility is a barrier for solid organ transplantation, but not for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To investigate tolerance induction, we enrolled patients who had undergone minor ABO‐incompatible (O into A group, n = 6) and ABO‐identical (O into O group, n = 4) bone marrow transplantation (BMT). None of the six O into A patients were positive for recipient‐specific (anti‐blood group A) isohemagglutinins, whereas all four O into O patients were. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were engrafted into NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) (NOG) mice, followed by sensitization of blood group A red blood cells. Anti‐blood group A antibodies (Abs) in the sera of the patients and the human PBMC‐engrafted NOG mice were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Anti‐blood group A Abs in the patients' sera were significantly correlated with anti‐A isohemagglutinin titers (p < 0.01). In the human PBMC‐engrafted NOG mice, anti‐blood group A Abs were significantly lower in the O into A group than in the O into O group (p < 0.05), despite ex vivo restimulation of B cells. The results of this study suggest that long after receiving minor ABO‐incompatible BMT, B cells derived from newly engrafted donor precursor cells were induced tolerance to recipient‐specific antigens.
Real PCF extended with 9 is universal (Extended Abstract

Real PCF is an extension of the programming language PCF with a data type for the real line, introduced elsewhere. We show that Real PCF extended with ∃ is universal, in the sense that all computable elements of all types of its universe of discourse are definable. We also show that ∃ is not necessary to define first order computable functions in Real PCF. In order to obtain our definability results, we consider a domain-equation-like structure on the real numbers data type.
Robust speech/non-speech discrimination based on pitch estimation for mobile robots

To be used on a mobile robot, speech/non-speech discrimination must be robust to environmental noise and to the position of the interlocutor, without necessarily having to satisfy low-latency requirements. To address these conditions, this paper presents a speech/non-speech discrimination approach based on pitch estimation. Pitch features are robust to noise and reverberation, and can be estimated over a few seconds. Results suggest that our approach is more robust compared to the use of Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients with Gaussian Mixture Models (MFCC-GMM) under high reverberation levels and additive noise (with an accuracy above 98% with a latency of 2.21 sec), which makes it ideal for mobile robot applications. The approach is also validated on a mobile robot equipped with a 8-microphone array, using speech/non-speech discrimination based on pitch estimation as a post-processing module of a localization, tracking and separation system.
VEWL: A Framework for Building a Windowing Interface in a Virtual Environment

VEWL (Virtual Environment Windowing Library) is a library designed to provide a highly flexible interface metaphor for building window-based interfaces within a virtual environment. VEWL was built on top of DIVERSE and uses the object-oriented paradigm of signals and slots through the use of Qt. In addition to the windowing metaphor presented this library was designed to provide an API (Application Programming Interface) to allow rapid development of new interfaces. This paper will describe the design and implementation of this library and provide preliminary results of a brief usability study.
DNA Damage Response and Immune Defense: Links and Mechanisms

DNA damage plays a causal role in numerous human pathologies including cancer, premature aging, and chronic inflammatory conditions. In response to genotoxic insults, the DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates DNA damage checkpoint activation and facilitates the removal of DNA lesions. The DDR can also arouse the immune system by for example inducing the expression of antimicrobial peptides as well as ligands for receptors found on immune cells. The activation of immune signaling is triggered by different components of the DDR including DNA damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors. In this review, we describe recent advances on the understanding of the role of DDR in activating immune signaling. We highlight evidence gained into (i) which molecular and cellular pathways of DDR activate immune signaling, (ii) how DNA damage drives chronic inflammation, and (iii) how chronic inflammation causes DNA damage and pathology in humans.
The crimson conundrum: heme toxicity and tolerance in GAS

The massive erythrocyte lysis caused by the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) suggests that the β-hemolytic pathogen is likely to encounter free heme during the course of infection. In this study, we investigated GAS mechanisms for heme sensing and tolerance. We compared the minimal inhibitory concentration of heme among several isolates and established that excess heme is bacteriostatic and exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of heme resulted in noticeable damage to membrane lipids and proteins. Pre-exposure of the bacteria to 0.1 μM heme shortened the extended lag period that is otherwise observed when naive cells are inoculated into heme-containing medium, implying that GAS is able to adapt. The global response to heme exposure was determined using microarray analysis revealing a significant transcriptome shift that included 79 up regulated and 84 down regulated genes. Among other changes, the induction of stress-related chaperones and proteases, including groEL/ES (8x), the stress regulators spxA2 (5x) and ctsR (3x), as well as redox active enzymes were prominent. The heme stimulon also encompassed a number of regulatory proteins and two-component systems that are important for virulence. A three-gene cluster that is homologous to the pefRCD system of the Group B Streptococcus was also induced by heme. PefR, a MarR-like regulator, specifically binds heme with stoichiometry of 1:2 and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) with stoichiometry of 1:1, implicating it is one of the GAS mediators to heme response. In summary, here we provide evidence that heme induces a broad stress response in GAS, and that its success as a pathogen relies on mechanisms for heme sensing, detoxification, and repair.
A Computational Study of Stimulus Driven Epileptic Seizure Abatement

Active brain stimulation to abate epileptic seizures has shown mixed success. In spike-wave (SW) seizures, where the seizure and background state were proposed to coexist, single-pulse stimulations have been suggested to be able to terminate the seizure prematurely. However, several factors can impact success in such a bistable setting. The factors contributing to this have not been fully investigated on a theoretical and mechanistic basis. Our aim is to elucidate mechanisms that influence the success of single-pulse stimulation in noise-induced SW seizures. In this work, we study a neural population model of SW seizures that allows the reconstruction of the basin of attraction of the background activity as a four dimensional geometric object. For the deterministic (noise-free) case, we show how the success of response to stimuli depends on the amplitude and phase of the SW cycle, in addition to the direction of the stimulus in state space. In the case of spontaneous noise-induced seizures, the basin becomes probabilistic introducing some degree of uncertainty to the stimulation outcome while maintaining qualitative features of the noise-free case. Additionally, due to the different time scales involved in SW generation, there is substantial variation between SW cycles, implying that there may not be a fixed set of optimal stimulation parameters for SW seizures. In contrast, the model suggests an adaptive approach to find optimal stimulation parameters patient-specifically, based on real-time estimation of the position in state space. We discuss how the modelling work can be exploited to rationally design a successful stimulation protocol for the abatement of SW seizures using real-time SW detection.
A small lightweight wideband printed dipole for UAV applications

The recent advances in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) -related technologies has led to an increasing demand for small, lightweight and broadband antennas to be used as sensors for both airborne EW (Electronic Warfare) and communication systems. In this paper, the design guidelines of a compact printed wideband dipole antenna for UAV applications is presented, an experimental characterization has been performed through near-field measurements showing excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Primary Oral Malignant Melanoma: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature

Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare neoplasm. The tumors tend to metastasize or locally invade tissue more readily than other malignant tumors in the oral region. The survival of patients with mucosal melanomas is less than for those with cutaneous melanomas. Tumor size and metastases are related to the prognosis of the disease. Early detection, therefore, is important.