Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of qualitative studies: patients' experiences of preoperative communication.

AIM This article reports on a systematic review of qualitative studies on patients' experiences of preoperative communication with healthcare professionals. BACKGROUND Communication is critical for providing efficient care to patients. It is especially important for patients waiting for surgery, as they experience a variety of unknowns before the procedure. Through communication with healthcare professionals, patients gain a better understanding of the surgery and the issues related to their life after the surgery. Thus, the preoperative communication between healthcare professionals and patients is a significant topic for review. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Six electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and PUBMED) were systematically searched. Qualitative studies of patients' experiences before surgery were purposely selected for synthesis. Key themes and concepts were extracted and synthesised. RESULTS Eleven studies on patients' experiences before surgery were identified. Four main themes relating to patients' experiences of preoperative communication with healthcare professionals were identified from all 11 articles. These themes were as follows: need for information, involving relatives, need for control and healthcare professionalism. CONCLUSIONS Patients' experience of preoperative communication with healthcare professionals showed different needs and feelings for communication. Healthcare professionals need to have adequate knowledge, skills and positive attitudes to help patients through the journey of this critical life event. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Patients' sensitivity and their different needs for communication may contribute to future advances in the training of healthcare professionals with regard to their communication knowledge and skills. They may also affect the allocation of resources for patients waiting for surgery and educating related professionals about their knowledge and skills of communication and their attitudes. Adequate space for meeting simultaneously with patients and their relatives and extra human resources and tools for the assessment of individuals' need for communication are also required.
Studies on Thin‐Layer Chromatography after Incubation with [35S]Methionine as an Aid to Identification of Mycobacteria

Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) of ethyl ether‐ethanol extracts of mycobacteria obtained after incubation with [35S] methionine is useful for differentiation among mycobacterial species, as the distribution of radioactive spots in TLC shows a characteristic pattern except for a few species, including M. intracellulare and M. gordonae. Some supplementary studies have been carried out in the present investigation and the following results have been obtained. Pretreatment of bacterial cells with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is required to remove radioactive sulfur‐containing amino acids. The radioactive spots that appear in TLC of the ethyl ether‐ethanol extract are divided into the following groups: (1) Petroleum ether‐soluble fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.95); (2) acetone‐soluble (petroleum ether‐insoluble) fraction (the spots at Rf values 0.50, 0.30, and 0.13–0.20); (3) ethanol‐soluble (petroleum ether‐ and acetone‐insoluble) fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.10); (4) petroleum ether‐, acetone‐, and ethanol‐insoluble fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.00). The spot which appears in the region of Rf values 0.13–0.20 (it may appear as two spots) in the TLC of ethyl ether‐ethanol extracts is composed of two compounds, one soluble in acetone and the other insoluble in acetone but soluble in ethanol. Strains of the M. avium‐M. intracellulare complex have been divided into three subgroups by the pattern of radioactive spots B, C, and D, which show Rf values of 0.13–0.20, 0.30, and 0.50, respectively, in the TLC of ethyl ether‐ethanol extracts. The first group shows none of these spots, and strains of the serotypes 1, 2, and 8 belong in this group. The second group shows spot B, and strains of the serotypes 4, 18, and 20 belong in this group. The third group shows spots B, C, and D, and strains of the serotype 16 belong in it.
A Controlled Study of Depression among Attendees of an Oncology Clinic in West Africa

Objective: Depression is commonly encountered among cancer patients and has been linked with grave consequences if not promptly treated. This study was set to determine the prevalence of depression in cancer patients. Method: The samples were recruited using systematic random sampling and made up of 200 cancer patients and 200 age and sex matched controls that consented and met the inclusion criteria. The instruments used included: Socio-demographic and clinical profile questionnaire, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-DR), and the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). The instruments were administered by the researchers on the subjects and controls, and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS-15. Results: A larger proportion of cancer patients compared to controls had depressive symptomatology (CES-DR score of 16 and above) made up of 98 (49.0%) cancer patients compared to 40 (20.0%) controls, and the difference was statistically significant, p = < 0.001. Seventy-four (18.5%) subjects from the two groups had depressive disorder using SCAN. The prevalence of depression in cancer subjects was 27.5% with 9.5% in controls and the difference was statistically significant with p = < 0.001. A substantial proportion of cancer patients with depression, 36 (65.5%, n = 55), had moderate depression, 15 (27.3%, n = 55) were mildly depressed, and 7.2% (n = 55) had severe depression. Conclusion: A significant proportion of cancer patients had depression compared with the controls with acute medical conditions. Prompt identification and treatment of cancer, mental disorders like depression should be integrated into cancer care in this part of the world.
Clearance rates of circulating and tissue‐bound autoantibodies to type VII collagen in experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

Background Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a severe autoimmune skin disease characterized by autoantibodies to type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils. In this and other autoimmune bullous dermatoses, specific autoantibody detection systems are not only of diagnostic use but also allow monitoring of circulating and skin‐bound autoantibodies during the course of the disease. However, little is known about their natural clearance rates in these different compartments.
Bi-Level Online Aggregation on Raw Data

In-situ processing has been proposed as a novel data exploration solution in many domains generating massive amounts of raw data, e.g., astronomy, since it provides immediate SQL querying over raw files. The performance of in-situ processing across a query workload is, however, limited by the speed of full scan, tokenizing, and parsing of the entire data. Online aggregation (OLA) has been introduced as an efficient method for data exploration that identifies uninteresting patterns faster by continuously estimating the result of a computation during the actual processing---the computation can be stopped as early as the estimate is accurate enough to be deemed uninteresting. However, existing OLA solutions have a high upfront cost of randomly shuffling and/or sampling the data. In this paper, we present OLA-RAW, a bi-level sampling scheme for parallel online aggregation over raw data. Sampling in OLA-RAW is query-driven and performed exclusively in-situ during the runtime query execution, without data reorganization. This is realized by a novel resource-aware bi-level sampling algorithm that processes data in random chunks concurrently and determines adaptively the number of sampled tuples inside a chunk. In order to avoid the cost of repetitive conversion from raw data, OLA-RAW builds and maintains a memory-resident bi-level sample synopsis incrementally. We implement OLA-RAW inside a modern in-situ data processing system and evaluate its performance across several real and synthetic datasets and file formats. Our results show that OLA-RAW chooses the sampling plan that minimizes the execution time and guarantees the required accuracy for each query in a given workload. The end result is a focused data exploration process that avoids unnecessary work and discards uninteresting data.
The von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene Product Promotes, but Is Not Essential for, NEDD8 Conjugation to Cullin-2*

We have previously shown that human cullin-2 (Cul-2) is covalently modified at Lys-689 by NEDD8 (Wada, H., Yeh, E. T. H., and Kamitani, T. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257, 100–105). Cul-2 has also been reported to form a multiprotein complex, Cul-2·VBC, with the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product (pVHL) and elonginsB and C. In this study, using an in vivo coexpression system in COS cells, we show that NEDD8 conjugation to Cul-2 is promoted by coexpression with wild-type pVHL and elongins B and C. Interestingly, tumorigenic mutants and deletion mutants of pVHL, which are unable to form a Cul-2·VBC complex, do not have the activity to promote NEDD8 conjugation to Cul-2. These results suggest that the complex formation is required for NEDD8 conjugation to Cul-2. Furthermore, we used a pVHL-deficient cell line, 786-0, to show that Cul-2 is poorly but clearly conjugated by NEDD8, indicating that pVHL is not the only molecule that promotes NEDD8 conjugation to Cul-2. Taken together, the VBC complex appears to have ligase activity in the conjugation of NEDD8 to Cul-2.
The impact of trading wind power in energy-and-reserve market on power system dynamic control

In this paper, the combined energy-and-reserve wind market scheme proposed in previous work is further evaluated in a single-bus power system with control interactions. A simplified system dynamic model with closed-loop frequency control is developed to study the system dynamic responses. The proposed combined market scheme is compared with two existing wind market schemes, using conservative and optimal wind forecasts in only the energy market. Percentage wind energy generated, percentage load served, energy and reserve prices, and system frequency deviations under different wind market schemes are evaluated. The benefit of having fast reserve from wind is shown in a contingency study with loss of generation. The simulation of the proposed combined energy-and-reserve wind market scheme results in enhanced grid security and a mechanism to adjust the impacts from wind plants on grid operation by changing the deviation prices.
The Effect of Corporate Cash Holdings on Stock Returns

In this research work the effect of corporate cash holdings on stock return is analyzed in which panel data is used from Pakistani listed firms which are listed in KSE for the period 2007-2013, the firms are selected randomly having sample size of 120 which is then is divided into sixty small and large firms on the basis of their total assets respectively, the nature of our data is panel for which we have used panel data regression, panel data regression involve three models which are pooled ols, fixed effect model and random effect model, in order to find out the most appropriate model we have used three tests including chow test, Breusch-pagan test and Hausman test, based upon the p-values of the tests it is suggested to use the fixed effect model. White test is used to find out the presence of heteroscedasticity, VIF is used to find out the presence of multicolinearity in the data, As small and large firms are parts of this research. In the case of large size firms there is negative relationship between the return on stock and holding liquid assets and which usually enforce them to prefer internal financing rather than external financing because of various costs associated with external financing. In case of small size firms positive association is shown which is based on the fact that small size firms usually have poor credit ratings and have no easy access to the capital markets therefore they held more cash which has a positive effect on their stock return. And the overall effect again shows positive relationship between cash holdings and stock return, so this is a situation in which the firms usually face an equilibrium position between the payment of dividends and also to keep cash in the form of retain earnings.
EPOC and the energetics of brief locomotor activity in Mus domesticus.

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is normally not considered in determinations of the metabolic cost of activity. This approach overlooks an important energetic cost that an animal incurs as a result of activity. To examine the importance of EPOC, we determined how the energetic cost of locomotion was affected by activity of short duration and high intensity. Mice were run at maximum speed on a treadmill while enclosed in an open-flow respirometry system. After sprinting for 5, 15, 30, or 60 sec, each mouse was allowed to recover while remaining enclosed in the respirometry chamber. Exercise oxygen consumption (EOC), the volume of oxygen consumed during the exercise, increased linearly with sprint duration. EPOC was determined as the volume of oxygen consumed after exercise ended until rest was reached. EPOC volumes were found to be constant following 5-60 sec of activity and accounted for > or = 90% of the total metabolic cost. The average EPOC volume of all treatments was 0.76 +/- 0.456 ml O2.gm-1. The net cost of activity (Cact), which considers both EOC and EPOC, decreased as sprint duration increased and varied between 500 ml O2.g-1.km-1 for 5 sec to 30 ml O2.g-1.km-1 for 60 sec of activity. The values for Cact were 15 to 250 times higher than traditional estimates of locomotor costs. From these data, it can be concluded that (1) EPOC is not affected by short exercise durations; (2) EPOC is an important energetic consideration when exercise durations are short; and (3) the metabolic costs of brief, vigorous locomotion may be much higher than previously estimated.
Epstein-Barr Virus Regulates STAT1 through Latent Membrane Protein 1

ABSTRACT This study shows a mechanism for the increase of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized cells. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) expression was sufficient to induce STAT1 expression, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity. LMP-1-expressing cells can induce an increase in STAT1 expression in LMP-negative cells in the same culture, suggesting an indirect regulation of STAT1 expression. The increase in STAT1 expression is mediated by the C-terminal activating region 1 (CTAR-1) and/or CTAR-2 domains of LMP-1 and is inhibited by mutant IκB, demonstrating a role for NFκB in LMP-1-mediated STAT1 expression.
Propagation des informations menaçantes : le rôle du temps et de l'espace social

Les menaces societales, comme les attaques terroristes, la crise economique ou le rechauffement climatique sont devenues omnipresentes dans notre societe en raison de leur extensive diffusion mediatique. La situation de menace, qui agit comme une disruption entre les representations de l'individu et la realite, conduit au processus du partage social des emotions (Rime, 2005) qui constitue le moteur de la propagation des informations menacantes d'une personne a l'autre et d'un groupe social a l'autre. La presente these examine le role du temps et de l'espace en tant que deux principales sources de freins a la propagation des informations menacantes. L'objectif de l'Etude 1 est d'investiguer le sens que les personnes attribuent au terme « menace societale », ainsi que de proposer un classement des menaces societales actuelles issues de l'actualite mediatique et percues par les personnes dans le contexte francais. L'Etude 2 examine le role du temps en tant que frein a la propagation des informations menacantes dans le contexte suivant l'attentat de Charlie Hebdo a Paris du 7 janvier 2015, en se basant sur le modele des etapes sociales de coping collectif avec les catastrophes (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993). Puis, l'Etude 3 consiste en une mise a l'epreuve experimentale du role de l'espace social, plus specifiquement le role de l'appartenance groupale, en tant que frein a la propagation des informations porteuses d'une menace terroriste. Les principaux resultats montrent que la frequence des deux principales composantes du partage social des emotions, c'est-a-dire la parole et l'ecoute, diminue dans les deux mois suivant l'attaque terroriste (Etude 2). Puis, l'appartenance groupale des personnes influence le contenu de l'information menacante transmise a l'interlocuteur (Etude 3). Ces resultats suggerent que le temps et l'espace social contribueraient a freiner la propagation des informations porteuses d'une menace. Toutefois, de futures recherches devraient se focaliser sur d'autres processus qui permettraient de freiner la propagation des informations menacantes au sein de la societe et d'elucider ainsi la construction du climat socio-emotionnel negatif.
The Anammoxosome Organelle Is Crucial for the Energy Metabolism of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria

Anammox bacteria convert ammonium and nitrite to dinitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions to obtain their energy for growth. The anammox reaction was deemed impossible until its discovery in the early 1990s. Now, anammox bacteria are recognized as major players in the global nitrogen cycle and estimated to be responsible for up to 50% of the nitrogen in the air that we breathe. In addition, anammox bacteria are extremely valuable for wastewater treatment where they are applied for the removal of ammonium. Besides their importance in industry and the environment, anammox bacteria defy some basic biological concepts. Whereas most other bacteria have only one cell compartment, the cytoplasm, anammox bacteria have three independent cell compartments bounded by bilayer membranes, from out- to inside; the paryphoplasm, riboplasm and anammoxosome. The anammoxosome is the largest compartment of the anammox cell and is proposed to be dedicated to energy conservation. As such it would be analogous to the mitochondria of eukaryotes. This review will discuss the anammox cell plan in detail, with the main focus on the anammoxosome. The identity of the anammoxosome as a prokaryotic organelle and the importance of this organelle for anammox bacteria are discussed as well as challenges these bacteria face by having three independent cell compartments.
Evidence from desensitization studies for distinct receptors for ATP and UTP on the rat superior cervical ganglion

Prolonged contact of the rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) with the purine α,β‐methylene‐ATP (α,β‐Me‐ATP) selectively depressed responses to ATP and α,β‐Me‐ATP but not responses to uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP), potassium or adenosine. Prolonged contact with the pyrimidine UTP selectively depressed responses to UTP but not responses evoked by α,β‐Me‐ATP, potassium or adenosine. These results are consistent with the presence of P2‐purinoceptors and pyrimidinoceptors on the rat SCG and the hypothesis that pyrimidinoceptors exist within the nervous system.
Crystal structure of a tetrameric GDP‐d‐mannose 4,6‐dehydratase from a bacterial GDP‐d‐rhamnose biosynthetic pathway

d‐Rhamnose is a rare 6‐deoxy monosaccharide primarily found in the lipopolysaccharide of pathogenic bacteria, where it is involved in host–bacterium interactions and the establishment of infection. The biosynthesis of d‐rhamnose proceeds through the conversion of GDP‐d‐mannose by GDP‐d‐mannose 4,6‐dehydratase (GMD) to GDP‐4‐keto‐6‐deoxymannose, which is subsequently reduced to GDP‐d‐rhamnose by a reductase. We have determined the crystal structure of GMD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in complex with NADPH and GDP. GMD belongs to the NDP‐sugar modifying subfamily of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) enzymes, all of which exhibit bidomain structures and a conserved catalytic triad (Tyr‐XXX‐Lys and Ser/Thr). Although most members of this enzyme subfamily display homodimeric structures, this bacterial GMD forms a tetramer in the same fashion as the plant MUR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The cofactor binding sites are adjoined across the tetramer interface, which brings the adenosyl phosphate moieties of the adjacent NADPH molecules to within 7 Å of each other. A short peptide segment (Arg35–Arg43) stretches into the neighboring monomer, making not only protein–protein interactions but also hydrogen bonding interactions with the neighboring cofactor. The interface hydrogen bonds made by the Arg35–Arg43 segment are generally conserved in GMD and MUR1, and the interacting residues are highly conserved among the sequences of bacterial and eukaryotic GMDs. Outside of the Arg35–Arg43 segment, residues involved in tetrameric contacts are also quite conserved across different species. These observations suggest that a tetramer is the preferred, and perhaps functionally relevant, oligomeric state for most bacterial and eukaryotic GMDs.
Topography of the protein complexes of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane : studies of photosystem I using a chemical probe and proteolytic digestion.

The transverse heterogeneity of the polypeptides associated with the Photosystem I (PSI) complex in spinach thylakoid membranes and in a highly resolved PSI preparation has been studied using the impermeant chemical modifier, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) and the proteolytic enzyme, Pronase E. The present study has shown that the PSI reaction center polypeptide of approximately 62 kilodaltons and the 22 and 20 kilodalton polypeptides of the PSI light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCPI) complex are not labeled by [(14)C]TNBS in unfractionated thylakoids. On the other hand, the 23 kilodalton polypeptide of the PSI LHCP and the 19 and 14 kilodalton polypeptides associated with the PSI primary electron acceptor complex are readily labeled by [(14)C]TNBS and are exposed to the stromal side of the thylakoid. Differences and similarities in the labeling of polypeptides associated with the PSI complex in thylakoids and in the isolated PSI complex are also noted. Treatment of thylakoids with pronase had no effect on the organization of the polypeptides in the LHCPI or the reaction center core complex, as manifested by the separation of these two subcomplexes from pronase-treated membranes. The 62, 19, and 14 kilodalton polypeptides associated with the reaction center core complex and the 23 and 22 kilodalton polypeptides associated with LHCPI are sensitive to pronase treatment while the 20 kilodalton polypeptide of LHCPI was inaccessible to the protease. The proteolysis of the 62 kilodalton polypeptide generated first a single immunodetectable fragment at about 48 kilodaltons, and further proteolytic digestion generated two other fragments at 30 and 17 kilodaltons respectively. These results are discussed in relation to the organization of the PSI complex in spinach thylakoids. A model for the transmembrane topography of the polypeptide constituents of PSI has been developed.
CAROTENOIDS OF Erwinia herbicola AND AN Escherichia coli HB101 STRAIN CARRYING THE Erwinia herbicola CAROTENOID GENE CLUSTER

Carotenoid pigments of Erwinia herbicola and a transformed strain of Escherichia coli carrying the carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster of E. herbicola have been analyzed. Both organisms are capable of making essentially the same carotenoids, indicating that all of the genes required for the biosynthesis of the wild type E. herbicola carotenoids have been transformed intact into E. coli. The major products in both species of bacteria are p‐cryptoxanthin glucoside, zeaxanthin monoglucoside and zeaxanthin diglucoside. These compounds are the first example of secondary, non‐allylic carotenoid glucosides. The absolute configuration 3R,3′R for zeaxanthin diglucoside was determined from its circular dichroism spectrum. Both species of bacteria also accumulate small amounts of hydrocarbon carotenes with similar cisltrans isomerization states.