Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functions of Ceramide Synthase Paralogs YPR114w and YJR116w of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ceramide is synthesized in yeast by two redundant acyl-CoA dependent synthases, Lag1 and Lac1. In lag1∆ lac1∆ cells, free fatty acids and sphingoid bases are elevated, and ceramides are produced through the redundant alkaline ceramidases Ypc1 and Ydc1, working backwards. Even with all four of these genes deleted, cells are surviving and continue to contain small amounts of complex sphingolipids. Here we show that these residual sphingolipids are not synthesized by YPR114w or YJR116w, proteins of unknown function showing a high degree of homology to Lag1 and Lac1. Indeed, the hextuple lag1∆ lac1∆ ypc1∆ ydc1∆ ypr114w∆ yjr116w∆ mutant still contains ceramides and complex sphingolipids. Yjr116w∆ exhibit an oxygen-dependent hypersensitivity to Cu2+ due to an increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a mitochondrially orchestrated programmed cell death in presence of copper, but also a general copper hypersensitivity that cannot be counteracted by the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Myriocin efficiently represses the synthesis of sphingoid bases of ypr114w∆, but not its growth. Both yjr116w∆ and ypr114w∆ have fragmented vacuoles and produce less ROS than wild type, before and after diauxic shift. Ypr114w∆/ypr114w∆ have an increased chronological life span. Thus, Yjr116w and Ypr114w are related, but not functionally redundant.
Concurrency Programming Models in Mobile Real-Time Platforms

To support real-time properties, mobile real-time operating system (RTOS) platforms have added to their classical cyclic executive model more flexible concurrency paradigms based on threads and preemptive priority-based scheduling algorithms. However, in newer mobile RTOS, the concurrency model is also going back to prior cooperative multi-tasking models similar to cyclic executives (based on active objects). This paper presents the concurrency model of a very popular mobile RTOS platform, as Symbian, that contains both concurrency models. This OS has been chosen for its popularity in the market and due to the fact that it includes both concurrency models with real-time support. The traditional AOM (Active Object Model) paradigm is taken in the personal embedded device's community as a means to simplify the interface given to programmers; no usage of synchronization primitives is required. This paper discusses how a combined pattern would take advantage of both worlds: AOM and thread based execution models; it allows using AOM-based programming inside threads in real-time environments.
Predicting Caco-2 permeability using support vector machine and chemistry development kit.

PURPOSE To predict Caco-2 permeability is a valuable target for pharmaceutical research. Most of the Caco-2 prediction models are based on commercial or special software which limited their practical value. This study represents the relationship between Caco-2 permeability and molecular descriptors totally based on open source software. METHODS The Caco-2 prediction model was constructed based on descriptors generated by open source software Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) and a support vector machine (SVM) method. Number of H-bond donors and three molecular surface area descriptors constructed the prediction model. RESULTS The correlation coefficients (r) of the experimental and predicted Caco-2 apparent permeability for the training set and the test set were 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the SVM method is effective for predicting Caco-2 permeability. Membrane permeability of compounds is determined by number of H-bond donors and molecular surface area properties.
Comparison of the ability of basement membranes produced by corneal endothelial and mouse-derived Endodermal PF-HR-9 cells to support the proliferation and differentiation of bovine kidney tubule epithelial cells in vitro

The proliferation and morphological differentiation of bovine kidney collecting-tubule epithelial cells has been examined as a function of substrata and plasma factors. Collecting kidney tubule explant maintained in vitro gave rise to two distinct cell populations; one was composed mostly of fibroblastic cells whereas the other was epithelioid (EP cells). The proliferation of fibroblastic cells when exposed to serum-supplemented medium was best expressed when cells were maintained on a basement membrane produced by bovine corneal endothelial cells. This basement membrane has a composition, which in previous studies has been shown to favor the proliferation of mesenchymal cells. In contrast, the proliferation of EP cells was best expressed when cells were maintained on a basement membrane produced by the mouse-derived endodermal cell line PF-HR-9 (HR-9-BM). This basement membrane has a biochemical composition very similar to the basement membrane underlying the kidney tubules. Although the fibroblast confluent monolayer maintained on bovine corneal endothelial cell extracellular matrix did not undergo morphogenesis, the confluent monolayer of EP cells maintained on HR-9-BM shows hemicyst formation, suggesting that they were capable of vectorial fluid transport. They also built a complex three-dimensional kidney tubulelike network. Some tubules became grossly visible and floated into the tissue culture medium, remaining tethered to the cell monolayer at either end of the tubule. On an ultrastructural level, the tubules consisted of cells held together with junctional complexes arranged so as to form a lumen. The smallest lumen were bordered by 2-3 cells, and the largest ones by 8-15 cells. The lumens of the larger tubules did contain granular fibrillar and amorphous debris. Low-density EP cell cultures maintained on HR-9- BM could be induced to proliferate at a rate approaching that of cultures exposed to serum when they were exposed to medium supplemented with high-density lipoprotein (HDL, 750 micrograms protein/ml) and transferrin (50 micrograms/ml). When exposed to HDL concentrations equal or lower than 250 micrograms protein/ml, low-density cultures proliferated at a slow rate and readily formed tubulelike structures. This observation indicates that EP cells do not need to reach confluence to undergo morphogenesis, and that HDL, which in the presence of transferrin supports the cell proliferation, can favor their differentiation into tubulelike structures once its concentration becomes limiting for mitogenesis.
Endogenous Information, Menu Costs and Inflation Persistence

This paper develops a model where firms make state-dependent decisions on both pricing and acquisition of information. It is shown that when information is not perfect, menu costs combined with the aggregate price level serving as an endogenous public signal generate rigidity in price setting even when there is no real rigidity. Specifically, firms reveal their information to other firms by changing their prices. Because the cost of changing price is borne by a firm but the benefit from better information goes to other firms, firms have an incentive to postpone price changes until more information is revealed by other firms via the price level. The information externality and menu costs reinforce each other in delaying price adjustment. As a result, the response of inflation to nominal shocks is both sluggish and hump-shaped. The model can also qualitatively capture a number of stylized facts about price setting at the micro level and inflation at the macro level.
Assessing the effects of various multimedia curriculums to learning emotion and performance based on emotion recognition technology

With gradual adoption of “multimedia” technologies on the curriculum designs in modern education, there are increasing needs for in-depth studies thoroughly exploring how different types of multimedia materials affecting learner's emotion and their learning performance. By the introduction of technological advancement on human physiological signals recognizing emotional variances, reliable emotion monitoring application is developed for measuring and recording human emotion changes in practical uses. This study adopted emotion detector system, emWave, measuring changes of learners' emotional state correspond to different types of multimedia materials. By analyzing the collected data and assessment on learning performance, this study attempts to explore how different types of multimedia materials affecting learners' learning emotion; ultimately, their learning performance. The result shows that different types of multimedia materials will significantly affect their learning performance and learning emotion; however, there is low correlation between learning emotion and learning performance.
Business Enterprise Value in Shopping Malls: An Empirical Test

This paper discusses the economic basis for the existence of business enterprise value in a shopping mall. The existence of business enterprise value in a mall is then tested by examining the rent paid by existing tenants on a lease renewal vs. that paid by new tenants for otherwise identical space. The hypothesis that there is no difference in rents between renewals and new tenants can be rejected. This suggests that with each lease renewal there is a marginal increase in business enterprise value component of the rents. Proposed federal regulations for the appraisal of federally related transactions, the uniform standards of professional appraisal practice, and real property tax law call for separation of the value of intangibles (which include business value) from tangible personal property and from real property. Thus the business value portion of the mall rental should not be capitalized into the value of the real estate. Because income from lease renewals included business value, the leases must be adjusted before they can be used as an indication of market rent.
Graph-based service quality evaluation through mining Web reviews

This work tries to find a possible solution to the basic research problem: how to conduct service quality evaluation through mining Web reviews? To address this problem, this work proposes a novel approach to service quality evaluation which has two essential subtasks: 1) finding the most important service aspects, and 2) measuring service quality using ranked service aspects. We propose three graph-based ranking models to rank service aspects and a simple linear method of measuring service quality. Empirical experimental results show all our three methods outperform the approach of Noun Frequency. We also show the effectiveness of our service quality evaluation method by conducting intensive regression experiments.
An Enhanced TCP Veno over Wireless Local Area Networks

Reduced throughput of TCP over WLAN is mainly due to traditional TCP protocols treat all packet loss as a sign of congestion, their inability to recognize non-congestion related packet loss has significant effects on the communication efficiency in the wireless networks,? But highly variable round-trip times (RTT) in wireless networks can induce spurious timeouts, thus unnecessarily degrading throughput for the (TCP) greatly[3]. TCP Veno improving traditional TCP achieves a significant success on solving the previous factor, this paper refines Veno mainly with optimization of RTO estimation. The simulated results show that our schemes can further improve TCP throughput in WLAN.
Spoken document understanding and organization

Spoken documents (or associated multimedia content) are in fact better understood and reorganized in a way that retrieval/browsing can be performed easily. For example, they are now in the form of short paragraphs, properly organized in some hierarchical visual presentation with titles/summaries/topic labels as references for retrieval and browsing. The retrieval can be performed based on the full content, the summaries/titles/topic labels, or both. In this article, this is referred to as spoken document understanding and organization for efficient retrieval/browsing applications. The purpose of this article is to present a concise, comprehensive, and integrated overview of related areas in a unified context of spoken document understanding and organization for efficient retrieval/browsing applications. In addition, we present an initial prototype system we developed at National Taiwan University as a new example of integrating the various technologies and functionalities.
A Practical Video Database Based on Language and Image Analysis

We integrated a practical digital video database system based on language and image analysis with components from digital video processing, still image search, information retrieval, dosed captioning processing. The attempt is to utilize the multiple modalities of information in video and implement data fusion among the multiple modalities. Keyframes are extracted to represent shots based on video content. Logical structure of video is discovered and represented as Scene Transition Diagram. Storyboard and STG, and catalog information provide means to browse video content non-linearly. Text information from dosed captioning is extracted and associated with shots. Text information search and image similarity search are provided to get direct access to video shots. We integrated a practical digital video database system based on language and image analysis with components from digital video processing, still image search, information retrieval, closed captioning processing, and Intemet and Web page programming. The research and development project currently has digitized video programs of total 13 hours and 50 minutes long, among which one hour and 5 minutes are stored at Advance Inc. and 12.75 hours are stored at Princeton University. These MPEG video stories take up about 8.4 GB disk space. The contents are focused on two areas: US military operation in Bosnia and US presidential politics.
OXRAM based ELM architecture for multi-class classification applications

In this paper, we show how metal-oxide (OxRAM) based nanoscale memory devices can be exploited to design low-power Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) architectures. In particular we fabricated HfO2 and TiO2 based OxRAM devices, and exploited their intrinsic resistance spread characteristics to realize ELM hidden layer weights and neuron biases. To validate our proposed OxRAM-ELM architecture, full-scale learning and multi-class classification simulations were performed for two complex datasets: (i) Land Satellite images and (ii) Image segmentation. Dependence of classification performance on neuron gain parameter and OxRAM device properties was studied in detail.
Length and speed detection using microwave motion sensor

This paper introduces a new approach to design a vehicle detection module using a microwave motion sensor in order to obtain vehicle length and vehicle speed. The design of this module aims to apply for Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in which it plays a role as a unit of Traffic Detectors with Inductive Loops, Video, Infrared Sensors, etc. The module has advantages of using low power, costing low price and especially providing reliable results for measuring vehicles. The output signal of the microwave motion sensor is a low-level voltage whose frequency (Doppler) represents the speed at which a vehicle is moving towards or away from the sensor. We process this signal to get information about length and speed of the vehicle. We implemented the method in a microwave motion sensor named HB100 to measure the movement in radius of 8[m] in line-of-sight, vehicle speed range from 5[km/h] to 40[km/h]. We achieved the accuracy of more than 80% in 100 times observing a specific vehicle in a specific speed range.
Precipitation thresholds for triggering floods in the Corgo Basin, Portugal

Thresholds based on critical combinations of amount/duration of precipitation and flood events were estimated for the Corgo hydrographic basin, in northern Portugal. Thirty-one flood events in the Corgo basin were identified between 1865 and 2011 from a database of hydrometeorological disasters in Portugal. The minimum, maximum, and pre-warning thresholds that define the boundaries for flood occurrence were determined. The results show that the ratio between the total number of floods and precipitation events exceeding the minimum threshold denotes a relatively low probability of successful forecasting. This result may be due to the reduced number of flooding events in the floods database, which only include floods that caused damage as reported by the media. The estimated maximum threshold is not adequate for use in floods, since the majority of true positives are below this limit. However, and more interestingly, the retrospective verification of the estimated thresholds suggests that the minimum and pre-warning thresholds are well adjusted. Therefore, the application of these precipitation thresholds may contribute to minimize possible situations of pre-crisis or immediate crisis by reducing the flood consequences and the resources involved in emergency response to flood events.
Stable expression of transdominant Rev protein in human T cells inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rev protein is essential for viral structural protein expression (Gag, Pol, and Env) and, hence, for viral replication. In transient transfection assays, mutant forms of Rev have been identified that inhibit wild-type Rev activity and therefore suppress viral replication. To determine whether such transdominant Rev proteins could provide long-term protection against HIV infection without affecting T cell function, T leukemia cell lines were stably transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a transdominant mutant of the Rev protein, M10. While all the M10- expressing cell lines remained infectable by HIV-1, these same cells failed to support a productive replication cycle when infected with a cloned isolate of HIV-1. In addition, two out of three M10-expressing CEM clones were also resistant to highly productive infection by a heterogeneous HIV-1 pool. Expression of M10 did not affect induction of HIV transcription mediated by the kappa B regulatory element or Tat. Importantly, constitutive expression of Rev M10 did not alter the secretion of interleukin 2 in response to mitogen stimulation of EL-4 and Jurkat cells. The inhibition of HIV infection in cells stably expressing a transdominant Rev protein, in the absence of any deleterious effect on T cell function, suggests that such a strategy could provide a therapeutic effect in the T lymphocytes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
Managing Global Growth Risks and Commodity Price Shocks: Vulnerabilities and Policy Challenges for Low-Income Countries

As part of its work to help low-income countries manage volatility, the IMF has developed an analytical framework for assessing vulnerabilities and emerging risks that arise from changes in the external environment. This paper draws on the results of the first vulnerability exercise for low-income countries conducted by the IMF staff using this new framework. It focuses on the risks of a downturn in global growth and of further global commodity price shocks and discusses related policy challenges. Chapters review recent macroeconomic developments, including the spike in global commodity prices in early 2012; assess current risks and vulnerabilities, including how a sharp downturn in global growth and further commodity price shocks would affect low-income countries; and discuss policy challenges in the face of these risks and vulnerabilities.
Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials

Funnel plots, and tests for funnel plot asymmetry, have been widely used to examine bias in the results of meta-analyses. Funnel plot asymmetry should not be equated with publication bias, because it has a number of other possible causes. This article describes how to interpret funnel plot asymmetry, recommends appropriate tests, and explains the implications for choice of meta-analysis model
Mobile 3D wood pile surveying

We present a novel method for photogrammetric wood pile surveying, which runs on mobile devices as well as on desktop computers. The demand for measurement techniques for wood piles has strongly increased in the last years. Unlike existing methods, our method is not limited to a single image and uses 3D reconstruction techniques on a set of images taken with a smartphone or digital camera. The reconstructed 3D model is then used to identify individual wood logs and perform photogrammetric surveying of the entire wood pile. An extensive evaluation is conducted on 246 data sets (7655 images) from the publicly available HAWK-wood database. For the wood log detection benchmark a true positive rate of 98.8% with a false positive rate of 0.7% is achieved. The volume computation showed an average absolute difference of 2.2% (contour volume) and 5.6% (solid wood volume).
Malware classification using filesystem footprints

Automated analysis is useful in anti-malware research because it helps deal with large collections of samples and reduces the human effort. This paper describes an automated system that performs dynamic analysis by running new samples in a controlled environment and analyzing the operations they perform on the filesystem. These operations are used to train a Support Vector Machine classifier that can proactively detect new malware samples. The experimental evaluation showed that our automated system provides good results in terms of classification quality and in terms of performance. Being able to automatically decide if a file is clean or infected is very important in the antivirus industry, because based on this the file can be automatically blacklisted.
A hybrid approach to Chinese-English machine translation

A hybrid method for Chinese-English machine translation is presented. A rule-based analysis is combined with statistical data. The rule-based lexical analyzer and syntactic analyzer leave some amount of ambiguity that is resolved using a statistical approach. A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to return a score for each part of speech. An improved probabilistic context free grammar (PCFG) is used for syntactic scoring, and a probabilistic score function is used for the semantic aspect. In addition, parameters are usually estimated poorly when the training data is sparse. Smoothing the parameters is thus important in the estimation process. A back-off procedure is used to smooth the parameters.