Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ironic Effects of Moral Motivation : Why Working Toward a Moral Goal Reduces Subsequ ent Perspective Taking

People generally consider it more important to reach moral standards than other types of standards (e.g., competence). In this article it is argued that pursuit of goals that have implications for one's morality (vs. competence) therefore leads to increased engagement of the central executive. A first study demonstrates that individuals perform better on an executive control task when informed that it has implications for their morality (vs. competence). Consistent with previous research on executive control exertion, a second study demonstrates that executive control is impaired after working on a task that supposedly has implications for one's morality (vs. competence), which in turn reduces perspective taking. It is concluded that pursuit of a moral goal can ironically lead to subsequent moral failures as a result of impaired executive control.
Collecting hollywood's garbage: avoiding space-leaks in composite events

The reactive programming model is largely different to what we're used to as we don't have full control over the application's control flow. If we mix the declarative and imperative programming style, which is usual in the ML family of languages, the situation is even more complex. It becomes easy to introduce patterns where the usual garbage collector for objects cannot automatically dispose all components that we intuitively consider garbage. In this paper we discuss a duality between the definitions of garbage for objects and events. We combine them into a single one, to specify the notion of garbage for reactive programming model in a mixed functional/imperative language and we present a formal algorithm for collecting garbage in this environment. Building on top of the theoretical model, we implement a library for reactive programming that does not cause leaks when used in the mixed declarative/imperative model. The library allows us to safely combine both of the reactive programming patterns. As a result, we can take advantage of the clarity and simplicity of the declarative approach as well as the expressivity of the imperative model.
Comparison of treatment and outcome information between a clinical trial and the National Cancer Data Repository

Clinical trials are important but many factors limit their success, including the costs of long‐term follow‐up and participants often not being representative of the general population. The National Cancer Data Repository (NCDR) contains data about patients with cancer in England that may help overcome some of these problems. This study compared treatment and outcome information between the Medical Research Council Conventional versus Laparoscopic‐Assisted Surgery in Colorectal Cancer (CLASICC) trial and the NCDR.
Normalized Advancement Based Totally Opportunistic Routing Algorithm With Void Detection and Avoiding Mechanism for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is the enabling technology for a new era of underwater monitoring and actuation applications. In this network, data aggregation and forwarding are intensely constrained due to channel impairment, and therefore require due consideration. One way to address the data collection of UWSN is by enhancing the routing protocol using the Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique. This article proposes a normalized advancement based opportunistic routing protocol called NA-TORA. NA-TORA is a geographically opportunistic routing protocol in which the next-hop forwarder is selected based on Normalized Advancement (NA). NA is calculated from Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and node’ s energy consumption to find an optimal forwarding node. However, the forwarded data may not be received on the designated sink node due to the existence of a void node in the data forwarding route. To overcome the issue of void nodes, we have incorporated a void node detection and avoiding mechanism on NA-TORA, called NA-TORA with VA. The proposed scheme recursively detect void nodes and avoid these nodes to participate in data routing by utilizing the angle of transmission adjustment and transmission range extension method. The novelty of this work lies within its data transmission phase, where normalized advancement is used to select a potential candidate forwarder. Apart from that, the proposed routing protocol operates in two different modes, i.e., standard operating mode (NA-TORA), and void avoidance mode (NA-TORA with VA). Comprehensive simulations were performed to compare the performance of NA-TORA and NA-TORA with VA with some well-known existing routing protocols.
The ergodic and outage capacities of distributed antenna systems in generalized-K fading channels

Distributed antenna systems (DASs) are expected to play an important role in the delivery of high data rates in future cellular networks. In DASs, the multipath fading and shadowing effects have to be analyzed concurrently due to the geographical scattering of the distributed antenna ports. The Gamma-Gamma (generalized-K) probability density function (PDF) has been adopted recently to model composite fading in wireless channels. In this paper, the ergodic capacity and the information outage probability for DASs in generalized-K fading channels are considered. The analysis is based on the approximation of the PDF of the weighted sum of independent generalized-K random variables by another generalized-K PDF. The obtained results provide insights into the gains of DASs in generalized-K composite fading channels.
Differential stimulation of murine resident peritoneal cells by selectively opsonized encapsulated and acapsular Cryptococcus neoformans

Stimulation of murine resident peritoneal cells (RPCs) by encapsulated strain 52 and acapsular strain 602 of Cryptococcus neoformans was compared. Fresh serum was required for fungistasis of both strains. Encapsulated organisms were killed only if the RPCs were activated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or if the organisms were opsonized with anticapsular immunoglobulin G (IgG). In contrast, acapsular organisms were killed by unactivated RPCs, with enhanced killing seen if the cells were activated with IFN-gamma. Except for unopsonized strain 52, all organisms of both strains were phagocytosed. The respiratory burst was stimulated in unactivated and IFN-gamma-activated RPCs by encapsulated strain 52 only if organisms were opsonized with both IgG and serum. In contrast, the burst was stimulated by acapsular strain 602, with or without opsonization. Only unopsonized strain 602 stimulated significant lysosomal enzyme release. Nitrite synthesis by unactivated RPCs was seen only if strain 52 was opsonized with anticapsular IgG or if strain 602 was opsonized with serum. If RPCs were activated with IFN-gamma, then serum-opsonized strain 52 was also able to stimulate nitrite synthesis. Thus, RPC killing, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, lysosomal enzyme release, and nitrite synthesis following challenge by both unopsonized and opsonized with serum or anticapsular IgG strains 52 and 602 varied according to the surface properties of the organisms, the state of activation of the RPCs, and the particular RPC event studied. However, stimulation of nitrite synthesis was the only RPC event which correlated with killing of both strains.
Local Painting and Deformation of Meshes on the GPU

We present a novel method to adaptively apply modifications to scene data stored in GPU memory. Such modifications may include interactive painting and sculpting operations in an authoring tool, or deformations resulting from collisions between scene objects detected by a physics engine. We only allocate GPU memory for the faces affected by these modifications to store fine‐scale colour or displacement values. This requires dynamic GPU memory management in order to assign and adaptively apply edits to individual faces at runtime. We present such a memory management technique based on a scan‐operation that is efficiently parallelizable. Since our approach runs entirely on the GPU, we avoid costly CPU–GPU memory transfer and eliminate typical bandwidth limitations. This minimizes runtime overhead to under a millisecond and makes our method ideally suited to many real‐time applications such as video games and interactive authoring tools. In addition, our algorithm significantly reduces storage requirements and allows for much higher resolution content compared to traditional global texturing approaches. Our technique can be applied to various mesh representations, including Catmull–Clark subdivision surfaces, as well as standard triangle and quad meshes. In this paper, we demonstrate several scenarios for these mesh types where our algorithm enables adaptive mesh refinement, local surface deformations and interactive on‐mesh painting and sculpting.
Two-Dimensional Ultrawideband Radar Imaging of a Target With Arbitrary Translation and Rotation

Indoor target detection and imaging technologies hold great interest for security surveillance systems. The ultrawideband (UWB) radar is promising because it can complement conventional camera-based systems. However, conventional UWB radar imaging systems are costly and impractical because they require large antenna arrays for acceptable resolution. This paper proposes a low-cost UWB radar imaging method using the motion of a target. The method employs five antennas for estimating the motion of a target, including its rotation, to obtain an image. Previous work deals only with a target in translation without rotation, which makes the method difficult to apply in practice. The proposed method, an extension of such previous methods, obtains an accurate image for an elliptical or distorted nonelliptical target with arbitrary translation and rotation. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of accurately estimating motions and shapes.
TRANSIENT EVOKED OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS IN FULL-TERM AND PRETERM NEWBORNS

Conflict of interest: non-existent rigid in order to maintain their structure and flexible so as to enable stretching and shortening in a rapid contraction. This contraction elicits wave amplification and a mechanical force towards the external auditory canal, where they may be captured in the form of OAE2 which may be spontaneous or evoked. A study suggests that the outer hair cells (OHC) become capable of synapsing with the efferent system only after the 22nd week of pregnancy. Thus, the authors believe that the cochlea has not yet reached its functional maturity before the 22nd week and that, the end of this maturation process should probably occur during the pregnancy’s last trimester3, or, from the 28th week onwards. Another study found the presence of otoacoustic emissions beginning at 27 weeks gestational age4. Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) are registered after sound stimulation that may be transient (TEOAE) produced by click signals, that are short lasting with a very wide frequency range and the  INTRODUCTION
A High-Level Review of Mappings in Musical iOS Applications

We present a high-level review of mappings in musical iOS applications. All of the 38,750 music applications on the iOS store were reviewed and classified, using their title and descriptive text. Fifty music-making categories were found, along with sixteen non-music-making categories. Summarized mappings for each music-making category were defined and enumerated, by downloading and examining the screenshots for each app in each category. We present the total mappings, across all fifty categories, in terms of pitch, trigger, time, volume, and timbre. The sixteen non-music making categories were overviewed, but not discussed in detail. We also discuss broad trends and underutilized mappings, as well as suggesting areas for innovation. Finally, we provide public access to the created dataset, in order to further research around both iOS applications and text classification. This dataset includes the title, URL, and descriptive text for all applications, and is available both classified and unclassifed.
Using FSV with far-field patterns

Feature Selection Validation has now become an IEEE Standard, and is gaining popularity in the Computational Electromagnetic Community. As with any new approach it presents new and unique challenges to the user. This paper explores the use of Feature Selection Validation for evaluating far-field patterns in several examples and discusses some practical limitation discovered. One important conclusion that must be drawn is that context remains the most important aspect of evaluating results with the Feature Selection Validation process.
Relational Reasons for Nonbelief in the Existence of Gods: An Important Adjunct to Intellectual Nonbelief

Can people who do not believe in a god or gods still be influenced by past or present emotional reactions to the concept of a deity? We asked self-labeled atheists (Study 1) and individuals holding atheistic and agnostic views (Study 2) to rate the extent to which their nonbelief was based on negative past relational experiences or negative current views regarding the character of a hypothetical god or gods. Among nonbelievers who reported some history of relational emotion toward or from a god or gods (76% in Study 1, N = 171; 89% in Study 2, N = 429), relational reasons for nonbelief were endorsed by more than half of participants (54% in Study 1 and 72% in Study 2). Among participants with a history of emotion surrounding a god or gods, self-reported importance of relational reasons for nonbelief correlated with other indicators of negative, but not positive, attitudes and past experiences regarding a god or gods. Importance of relational reasons for nonbelief also correlated with other personality factors that tend to interfere with relationship quality, including insecure adult attachment styles, entitlement, and trait anger. Nonbelievers reported that relational reasons for nonbelief were far less important than intellectual reasons for nonbelief. However, these findings suggest that, for some nonbelievers, negative relational experiences with or conceptions of gods are seen as a somewhat important reason for not believing in gods.
Erythromycin-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Recovered in Italy

ABSTRACT Three classes of macrolide resistance phenotypes and three different erythromycin resistance determinants were found among 127 erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates recovered from 355 (35.8%) pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy. According to emm and sof sequence typing results, erythromycin-resistant isolates comprised 11 different clonal types. Remarkably, 126 of the 127 macrolide-resistant isolates were serum opacity factor (sof) gene positive. These data suggest a strong association between macrolide resistance and the presence of sof among GAS isolates recovered from Italian pediatric pharyngitis patients.
Mining Co-change Information to Understand When Build Changes Are Necessary

As a software project ages, its source code is modified to add new features, restructure existing ones, and fix defects. These source code changes often induce changes in the build system, i.e., the system that specifies how source code is translated into deliverables. However, since developers are often not familiar with the complex and occasionally archaic technologies used to specify build systems, they may not be able to identify when their source code changes require accompanying build system changes. This can cause build breakages that slow development progress and impact other developers, testers, or even users. In this paper, we mine the source and test code changes that required accompanying build changes in order to better understand this co-change relationship. We build random forest classifiers using language-agnostic and language-specific code change characteristics to explain when code-accompanying build changes are necessary based on historical trends. Case studies of the Mozilla C++ system, the Lucene and Eclipse open source Java systems, and the IBM Jazz proprietary Java system indicate that our classifiers can accurately explain when build co-changes are necessary with an AUC of 0.60-0.88. Unsurprisingly, our highly accurate C++ classifiers (AUC of 0.88) derive much of their explanatory power from indicators of structural change (e.g., was a new source file added? ). On the other hand, our Java classifiers are less accurate (AUC of 0.60-0.78) because roughly 75% of Java build co-changes do not coincide with changes to the structure of a system, but rather are instigated by concerns related to release engineering, quality assurance, and general build maintenance.
Synthesis-Specific Verification (Extended Abstract)

Overview To build robust, reliable autonomous systems, we have been developing the CIRCA approach to real-time intelligent control. Our goal is to give a CIRCAcontrolled autonomous system models of what it can do, what its goals are, and what the environment can do. From those models, we want CIRCA to automatically generate and execute hard-real-time controllers that are guaranteed to avoid failure and achieve the system’s goals whenever possible. A key component of our approach is the integration of formal verification into the synthesis process. We use formal verification to ensure that the controllers CIRCA builds are guaranteed to avoid system failure states. This abstract briefly describes the current status of our verification system, and the motivation for a set of improvements we are making to form a new verifier system (the Synthesis-Specific Verifier (SSV)) specialized to the controller synthesis process.
Operational calibration of mixed-signal integrated circuits in hostile environments

This paper outlines a technique for operational calibration of mixed-signal integrated circuits (IC) using a configurable analog transistor (CAT). The robustness obtained using this technique show a significant improvement over conventional approaches by using a CAT in the most appropriate sections of the design. This approach demonstrates significant benefits for operational calibration compared to traditional design techniques without requiring an excessive area overhead to achieve it. This technique can be used equally well to address variations across an integrated circuit for individual devices or to match specific pairs of devices in a circuit.
aptMTVL: Nailing Interactions in Multi-Task Multi-View Multi-Label Learning using Adaptive-basis Multilinear Factor Analyzers

We investigate a new direction of multi-task multi-view learning where we have data sets with multiple tasks, multiple views and multiple labels. We call this problem a multi-task multi-view multi-label learning problem or MTVL learning for short. There is a wide application of MTVL leaning where examples include Internet of Things, brain science, and document classification. In designing effective MTVL learning algorithms, we hypothesize that a key component is to "disentangle" interactions among tasks, views, and labels, or the Ütask-view-label interactions. For that purpose we have developed an adaptive-basis multilinear analyzers(aptMLFA) that utilizes a loading tensor to modulate interactions among multiple latent factors. With aptMLFA we designed a new MTVL learning algorithm, aptMTVL, and evaluated its performance on 3 real-world data sets. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method as compared to the state-of-the-art MTVL learning algorithm.
Parallel geometric multigrid

The paper describes practical approach for minimising the parallelisation overhead for a solution to the boundary value problems by geometric multigrid methods. It is shown that proposed multiple coarse grid correction strategy makes it possible not only to create the task of the smoother least demanding, but also to avoid load imbalance and limit the communication overhead. Estimation of maximum speedup and efficiency of parallel robust multigrid technique and parallel V-cycle are given.
Scalable Spectral k-Support Norm Regularization for Robust Low Rank Subspace Learning

As a fundamental tool in the fields of data mining and computer vision, robust low rank subspace learning is to recover a low rank matrix under gross corruptions that are often modeled by another sparse matrix. Within this learning, we investigate the spectral k-support norm, a more appealing convex relaxation than the popular nuclear norm, as a low rank penalty in this paper. Despite the better recovering performance, the spectral k-support norm entails the model difficult to be optimized efficiently, which severely limits its scalability from the practical perspective. Therefore, this paper proposes a scalable and efficient algorithm which considers the dual objective of the original problem that can take advantage of the more computational efficient linear oracle of the spectral k-support norm to be evaluated. Further, by studying the sub-gradient of the loss of the dual objective, a line-search strategy is adopted in the algorithm to enable it to adapt to the Holder smoothness. Experiments on various tasks demonstrate the superior prediction performance and computation efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Non-LTE Effects of Na I in the Atmosphere of HD 209458b

The recent announcement that sodium absorption has been observed in the atmosphere of HD 209458b, the only extrasolar giant planet (EGP) observed to transit its parent star, is the first direct detection of an EGP atmosphere. We explore the possibility that neutral sodium is not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in the outer atmosphere of irradiated EGPs and that the sodium concentration may be underestimated by models that make the LTE assumption. Our results indicate that it may not be necessary to invoke excessive photoionization, low metallicity, or even high-altitude clouds to explain the observations.
Reconstructing Life as a One-Foot Man: Reflections on the Role of Football

This article is one of a series of personal construct investigations of the aftermath of the brutal civil war in Sierra Leone. It is based on interviews conducted with nine members of the Sierra Leone Single-Leg Amputee Football Club, all of whom lost a limb during the war. Interview themes concerned participants’ construing of this event and its perpetrators, the constriction of their lives and the emotions they subsequently experienced, the choices that they made, and the role of football and of forgiveness in their recovery and in posttraumatic growth.
The Sustainability of Turkish External Debt: Evidence from Fractionally Integrated Approach Under Structural Breaks

Abstract This paper examines the external debt sustainability in Turkey over the period 1970-2010 by using fractionally integrated approach. As a first step, possible structural breaks in the data are not taken into consideration. The findings from Robinson(1994a) test reveal that the process is non-stationary with long memory, therefore, there is no evidence of external debt sustainability in Turkey. In the second step, structural breaks identified by Bai and Perron (1998, 2003) multiple structural break test, are included in the Robinson test. The results in the context of structural breaks still show that the external debt in Turkey is not sustainable.
Thermodynamics of spacetime: The Einstein equation of state.

The Einstein equation is derived from the form of black hole entropy together with the fundamental relation $\delta Q=TdS$ connecting heat, entropy, and temperature. The key idea is to demand that this relation hold for all the local Rindler horizons through each spacetime point. Viewed in this way, the Einstein equation is an equation of state. It is born in the thermodynamic limit as a relation between thermodynamic variables, and its validity is seen to depend on the existence of local equilibrium conditions. As such there is no reason to think the gravitational field equations should be quantized, i.e., promoted to operator relations.