Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How neuroscience contributes to neuromarketing

The purpose of this study is to show how and where neuroscience contributes to neuromarketing. In order to show the contribution to neuromarketing, a literature research on neuroscience, consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing has been done. Main findings of this paper suggest that the combination of neuroscientific tools and non-neuroimaging tools add validity to research findings and it will establish brain behavior relationships in order to understand underlying consumer preferences and choices. Thus far, the proposed framework for assessing the contribution of neuroscience to consumer research cannot be used for neuromarketing due to the lack of general converging evidence. However, some neuromarketing findings do support some of it, though it is not sufficient enough to contribute to neuromarketing yet. The implication for neuroscience, and thus for neuromarketing, is the presence of reverse inference. If the activation of a specific area of the brain is relatively selectively, only then it is possible to infer with sufficient confidence that the particular mental process is engaged when there is activation in that area of the brain.
Biodynamics Knee Biomechanics of Alternate Stair Ambulation Patterns

REID S. M. , S. K. LYNN, R. P. MUSSELMAN, and P. A. COSTIGAN. Knee Biomechanics of Alternate Stair Ambulation Patterns. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 2005–2011, 2007. Purpose: This study compared the kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during traditional step-over-step (SOS) and compensatory step-by-step lead-leg (SBSL) and trail-leg (SBST) stair ambulation patterns. Methods: Seventeen (M:9) healthy adults completed five trials of ascent and descent using three different stepping patterns: 1) SBSL, 2) SBST, and 3) SOS. Kinematics and kinetics were collected with an optoelectronic motion-tracking system and a force plate embedded into a four-step staircase. An inverse-dynamics link-segment model (QGAIT system) was used to calculate the net joint kinetics. Results: During stair ascent, different peak anteroposterior (AP) forces were observed across all three stepping patterns (SOS 9 SBSL 9 SBST, P G 0.05). During ascent, the flexion moments of SOS (0.96 NImIkg) and SBSL (0.97 NImIkg) patterns were similar and much larger than the SBST moments (0.14 NImIkg). In the descent conditions, the initial AP peak force for SOS was larger than that of SBSL and SBST. However, the second peak force for SOS (4.92 NIkg) and SBST (4.68 NIkg) were larger than SBSL (1.57 NIkg). During descent, the initial peak flexion moment for the SOS pattern was larger than SBSL and SBST, whereas during the second peak, SOS (1.05 NImIkg) and SBST (1.11 NImIkg) were no different and larger than SBSL (0.18 NImIkg). Conclusion: Overall, SBSL during ascent and SBST during descent had the highest loads. These results increase our understanding of alternative stepping patterns and have important clinical (reduction of loading on injured/diseased leg) and rehabilitation implications.
Improving Concept-Based Image Retrieval with Training Weights Computed from Tags

This article presents a novel approach to training classifiers for concept detection using tags and a variant of Support Vector Machine that enables the usage of training weights per sample. Combined with an appropriate tag weighting mechanism, more relevant samples play a more important role in the calibration of the final concept-detector model. We propose a complete, automated framework that (i) calculates relevance scores for each image-concept pair based on image tags, (ii) transforms the scores into relevance probabilities and automatically annotates each image according to this probability, (iii) transforms either the relevance scores or the probabilities into appropriate training weights and finally, (iv) incorporates the training weights and the visual features into a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine classifier to build the concept-detector model. The framework can be applied to online public collections, by gathering a large pool of diverse images, and using the calculated probability to select a training set and the associated training weights. To evaluate our argument, we experiment on two large annotated datasets. Experiments highlight the retrieval effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, experiments with various levels of annotation error show that using weights derived from tags significantly increases the robustness of the resulting concept detectors.
Optimistic concurrency with OPTIK

We introduce OPTIK, a new practical design pattern for designing and implementing fast and scalable concurrent data structures. OPTIK relies on the commonly-used technique of version numbers for detecting conflicting concurrent operations. We show how to implement the OPTIK pattern using the novel concept of OPTIK locks. These locks enable the use of version numbers for implementing very efficient optimistic concurrent data structures. Existing state-of-the-art lock-based data structures acquire the lock and then check for conflicts. In contrast, with OPTIK locks, we merge the lock acquisition with the detection of conflicting concurrency in a single atomic step, similarly to lock-free algorithms. We illustrate the power of our OPTIK pattern and its implementation by introducing four new algorithms and by optimizing four state-of-the-art algorithms for linked lists, skip lists, hash tables, and queues. Our results show that concurrent data structures built using OPTIK are more scalable than the state of the art.
The crystal structure of ribosomal protein S4 reveals a two‐domain molecule with an extensive RNA‐binding surface: one domain shows structural homology to the ETS DNA‐binding motif

We report the 1.7 Å crystal structure of ribosomal protein S4 from Bacillus stearothermophilus. To facilitate the crystallization, 41 apparently flexible residues at the N‐terminus of the protein have been deleted (S4Δ41). S4Δ41 has two domains; domain 1 is completely α‐helical and domain 2 comprises a five‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet with three α‐helices packed on one side. Domain 2 is an insertion within domain 1, and it shows significant structural homology to the ETS domain of eukaryotic transcription factors. A phylogenetic analysis of the S4 primary structure shows that the likely RNA interaction surface is predominantly on one side of the protein. The surface is extensive and highly positively charged, and is centered on a distinctive canyon at the domain interface. The latter feature contains two arginines that are totally conserved in all known species of S4 including eukaryotes, and are probably crucial in binding RNA. As has been shown for other ribosomal proteins, mutations within S4 that affect ribosome function appear to disrupt the RNA‐binding sites. The structure provides a framework with which to probe the RNA‐binding properties of S4 by site‐directed mutagenesis.
Modelling protein docking using shape complementarity, electrostatics and biochemical information.

A protein docking study was performed for two classes of biomolecular complexes: six enzyme/inhibitor and four antibody/antigen. Biomolecular complexes for which crystal structures of both the complexed and uncomplexed proteins are available were used for eight of the ten test systems. Our docking experiments consist of a global search of translational and rotational space followed by refinement of the best predictions. Potential complexes are scored on the basis of shape complementarity and favourable electrostatic interactions using Fourier correlation theory. Since proteins undergo conformational changes upon binding, the scoring function must be sufficiently soft to dock unbound structures successfully. Some degree of surface overlap is tolerated to account for side-chain flexibility. Similarly for electrostatics, the interaction of the dispersed point charges of one protein with the Coulombic field of the other is measured rather than precise atomic interactions. We tested our docking protocol using the native rather than the complexed forms of the proteins to address the more scientifically interesting problem of predictive docking. In all but one of our test cases, correctly docked geometries (interface Calpha RMS deviation </=2 A from the experimental structure) are found during a global search of translational and rotational space in a list that was always less than 250 complexes and often less than 30. Varying degrees of biochemical information are still necessary to remove most of the incorrectly docked complexes.
Discovering Moving Clusters from Spatial-Temporal Databases

Owing to the advances of computer and communication technologies, clustering analysis on moving objects has attracted increasing attention in recent years. An interesting pattern is to find the moving clusters that are composed of objects moving along for a long period of time. However, a moving cluster inclines to break after some time due to the goal change of some individual objects. In order to identify the moving clusters, we propose a semantically clear definition of moving clusters. Based on the definition, we propose delicate approaches to cluster moving objects. The proposed approaches are evaluated using synthetic data set.
The Product and System Specificities of Measuring Curation Impact

Using three datasets archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), we describe the creation of a ‘data usage index’ for curation-specific impact assessments. Our work is focused on quantitatively evaluating climate and weather data used in earth and space science research, but we also discuss the application of this approach to other research data contexts. We conclude with some proposed future directions for metric-based work in data curation.
Putting the „Wisdom‐of‐Crowds“ to Use in NLP: Collaboratively Constructed Semantic Resources on the Web

Since early 90 ies, the Web has served as a unique corpus with background knowledge for various NLP tasks. The Web as a corpus has been employed in three principal ways: (i) obtaining Web based frequencies for specific terms and constructions, (ii) collecting term specific Web corpora by retrieving the corresponding text snippets, and finally (iii) constructing task and domain targeted corpora that are cleaned, linguistically analyzed, and further exploited in a traditional way.
Does women’s age influence zona pellucida birefringence of metaphase ΙΙ oocytes in in-vitro maturation program?

Background: In vitro maturation (IVM) is a promising treatment option for certain infertile women. Nowadays, with the aid of PolScope, it has become possible to evaluate zona pellucida (ZP) characteristics as a parameter of oocyte quality. Moreover, quality of oocytes can be influenced by many factors, such as patient’s age. The PolScope system is a non-invasive technique to assess birefringent structures such as the meiotic spindle and ZP in living oocytes. Objective: The aim was to determine the influence of the woman's age on ZP birefringence, a sign of oocyte quality, and morphology of in-vitro matured human oocytes using non-invasive polarized light (PolScope) microscopy. Materials and Methods: ZP birefringence and morphology were determined in 105 retrieved oocytes from 58 women undergoing ICSI in two age groups (≥30 years and <30 years). The immature oocytes were selected and after IVM, the quality of metaphase ΙΙ (MII) oocytes was assessed. The oocytes abnormalities were classified as intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic abnormalities. Results: Oocyte maturation rates were significantly reduced in ≥30 year’s women (56%) in comparison with other age group (80.7%). In addition, the ZP birefringence was significantly higher in MII oocytes in the younger group compared with the older group (76.2% vs. 38.1%; p=0.00). Following morphologic assessment, the rates of oocytes with extracytoplasmic (p=0.02) and both abnormalities (extra- and intracytoplasmic) (p=0.01) were higher in aged versus the younger women. Conclusion: There was a positive relationship between advanced maternal age with decreased ZP birefringence and oocyte morphological quality in in-vitro matured human oocytes.
An empirical study of faults in late propagation clone genealogies

Two similar code segments, or clones, form a clone pair within a software system. The changes to the clones over time create a clone evolution history. In this work, we study late propagation, a specific pattern of clone evolution. In late propagation, one clone in a clone pair is modified, causing the clone pair to diverge. The code segments are then reconciled in a later commit. Existing work has established late propagation as a clone evolution pattern and suggested that the pattern is related to a high number of faults. In this study, we examine the characteristics of late propagation in three long‐lived software systems using the Simian ( Simon Harris, Victoria, Australia, http://www.harukizaemon.com/simian), CCFinder, and NiCad (Software Technology Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada) clone detection tools. We define eight types of late propagation and compare them to other forms of clone evolution. Our results not only verify that late propagation is more harmful to software systems but also establish that some specific types of late propagations are more harmful than others. Specifically, two types are most risky: (1) when a clone experiences diverging changes and then a reconciling change without any modification to the other clone in a clone pair; and (2) when two clones undergo a diverging modification followed by a reconciling change that modifies both the clones in a clone pair. We also observe that the reconciliation in the former case is more prone to faults than in the latter case. We determine that the size of the clones experiencing late propagation has an effect on the fault proneness of specific types of late propagation genealogies. Lastly, we cannot report a correlation between the delay of the propagation of changes and its faults, as the fault proneness of each delay period is system dependent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of Temporal Basis Functions for Integral Equation Methods

To make the implicit marching-on-in-time schemes stable for practical applications, choices of appropriate temporal basis functions are investigated. The quadratic and cubic cardinal B-spline functions are introduced as new time bases for which the numerical solution of the electric field integral equation demonstrates that they can compete with the time shifted Lagrange interpolating functions in terms of accuracy and stability. It is shown that especially for small time step sizes using the analytical closed-form derivatives of the bases tremendously enhance the extension of the stable region in comparison with the results obtained using available consistent integrator-interpolator pairs.
A Comparative Study Between Novel Witricity and Traditional Inductive Magnetic Coupling in Wireless Charging

A non-radiative energy transformer, commonly referred as Witricity and based on `strong coupling' between two coils which are separated physically by medium-range distances, is proposed to realize efficient wireless energy transfer. The distance between the resonators can be larger than the characteristic sizes of each resonator. Non-radiative energy transfer between the first resonator and the second resonator is facilitated through the coupling of their resonant-field evanescent tails. The proposed system operates as traditional inductive magnetic coupling devices when the operating frequencies are not the resonant frequency. Corresponding finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments have been carried out to facilitate quantitative comparison. Compared with typical magnetic inductive coupling energy transmission devices, the efficiency of the proposed system is much higher. This investigation indicates that it is feasible to use wireless energy transfer technology to recharge batteries, particularly in implant devices.
Image Inpainting Using Curvature-Driven Diffusions Based on P-Laplace Operator

How to apply the curvature-driven diffusions model to image inpainting was discussed, then an image inpainting using curvature-driven diffusions based on pLaplace operator was proposed. The algorithm mainly revert cracks and remove texts from photos. It makes full use of the nonlinear anisotropic diffusion of p-Laplace operator to inpaint damaged images. To test the models, we use standard Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) and program runtime to quantify inpainting performance. Experimental results show that our algorithm's PSNRs are larger than CDD's and the runtimes are smaller; the proposed algorithm can improve inpainting speed and keep sharp edges; inpainting quality is improved.
Web Tracking: Mechanisms, Implications, and Defenses

This articles surveys the existing literature on the methods currently used by web services to track the user online as well as their purposes, implications, and possible user’s defenses. A significant majority of reviewed articles and web resources are from years 2012–2014. Privacy seems to be the Achilles’ heel of today’s web. Web services make continuous efforts to obtain as much information as they can about the things we search, the sites we visit, the people with who we contact, and the products we buy. Tracking is usually performed for commercial purposes. We present 5 main groups of methods used for user tracking, which are based on sessions, client storage, client cache, fingerprinting, or yet other approaches. A special focus is placed on mechanisms that use web caches, operational caches, and fingerprinting, as they are usually very rich in terms of using various creative methodologies. We also show how the users can be identified on the web and associated with their real names, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, or even street addresses. We show why tracking is being used and its possible implications for the users. For example, we describe recent cases of price discrimination, assessing financial credibility, determining insurance coverage, government surveillance, and identity theft. For each of the tracking methods, we present possible defenses. Some of them are specific to a particular tracking approach, while others are more universal (block more than one threat) and they are discussed separately. Apart from describing the methods and tools used for keeping the personal data away from being tracked, we also present several tools that were used for research purposes – their main goal is to discover how and by which entity the users are being tracked on their desktop computers or smartphones, provide this information to the users, and visualize it in an accessible and easy to follow way. Finally, we present the currently proposed future approaches to track the user and show that they can potentially pose significant threats to the users’ privacy.
CACTI 5 . 1

CACTI 5.1 is a version of CACTI 5 fixing a number of small bugs in CACTI 5.0. CACTI 5 is the latest major revision of the CACTI tool for modeling the dynamic power, ac cess time, area, and leakage power of caches and other memories. CACTI 5 includes a number of major improvements ov er CACTI 4. First, as fabrication technologies enter the deep-submicron era, device and process parameter scaling has become non-linear. To better model this, the base technology modeling in CACTI 5 has been changed from sim ple linear scaling of the original CACTI 0.8 micron technology to models based on the ITRS roadmap. Second, embe dded DRAM technology has become available from some vendors, and there is interest in 3D stacking of commodi ty DRAM with modern chip multiprocessors. As another major enhancement, CACTI 5 adds modeling support of DRAM mem ories. Third, to support the significant technology modeling changes above and to enable fair comparisons of SRA M and DRAM technology, the CACTI code base has been extensively rewritten to become more modular. At the sa me time, various circuit assumptions have been updated to be more relevant to modern design practice. Finally, nume rous bug fixes and small feature additions have been made. For example, the cache organization assumed by CACTI is now o utput graphically to assist users in understanding the output generated by CACTI.
An Improved Random Walk Algorithm Based on Correlation Coefficient to Find Scientific Communities

With the growth of publishing scientific literature on the World Wide Web, there is a great demand for clustering online scientific literature by using the citation patterns. A scientific community in the citation graph represents related papers on a single topic. In this paper we improve the random walk graph clustering algorithm to find scientific communities by using correlation coefficient in the citation graph as the similarity metric. Our experiment results show that the approach performs better than the original random walk graph clustering method.
Leadership Narratives in Postsecondary Dance Administration: Voices, Values and Gender Variations

ABSTRACT Dance in the U.S. university finds its beginnings in the visionary leadership of women. Since the mid-1910s, dance faculty and students in higher education have been predominantly female. Gender in postsecondary dance today remains much the same, with the exception of dance leadership, which is increasingly male. This narrative inquiry is drawn from a mixed-method study (n = 75) that examined the lives of administrative leaders—defined as chairs, directors, heads, or coordinators—who lead departments or programs of dance in colleges and universities in the U.S. The purpose of the exploratory investigation was to develop a status report drawn from quantitative survey data and qualitative interview narratives of administrators in postsecondary dance with particular attention to gender. This inquiry focuses on representative data of nine participants from the larger study. Findings are presented on participants’ leadership approach; support for work; work–life balance; and research, creative activity and teaching. Gender implications are discussed.
Accurate prediction of analog-to-digital converter performance after post-correction

Analog-to-digital converter additive post-correction using look-up-tables is considered. An accurate expression is provided that predicts the ADC performance after correction. The expression depends on differential nonlinearity, random noise variance, and the numerical precisionof the correction terms. The theory shows good agreement when compared with simulations and experimental converter data.
Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Na+,K+‐ATPase in Internodal Axolemma of Myelinated Fibers of Rat Sciatic and Optic Nerves

Abstract: We used postembedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold to determine the ultrastructural distribution of Na+,K+‐ATPase in the sciatic and optic nerves of the rat. Using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the denatured catalytic subunit of brain Na+,K+‐ATPase, we found immunoreactivity along the internodal axolemma of myelinated fibers in both nerves. This antiserum did not produce labeling of nodal axolemma. These results suggest that an important site of energy‐dependent sodium‐potassium exchange is along the internodal axolemma of myelinated fibers in the mammalian CNS and PNS and that there may be differences between the internodal and nodal forms of the enzyme.