Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Topoisomerase II Perturbs Pairing in Drosophila Cell Culture

Homolog pairing refers to the alignment and physical apposition of homologous chromosomal segments. Although commonly observed during meiosis, homolog pairing also occurs in nonmeiotic cells of several organisms, including humans and Drosophila. The mechanism underlying nonmeiotic pairing, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we explore the use of established Drosophila cell lines for the analysis of pairing in somatic cells. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we assayed pairing at nine regions scattered throughout the genome of Kc167 cells, observing high levels of homolog pairing at all six euchromatic regions assayed and variably lower levels in regions in or near centromeric heterochromatin. We have also observed extensive pairing in six additional cell lines representing different tissues of origin, different ploidies, and two different species, demonstrating homolog pairing in cell culture to be impervious to cell type or culture history. Furthermore, by sorting Kc167 cells into G1, S, and G2 subpopulations, we show that even progression through these stages of the cell cycle does not significantly change pairing levels. Finally, our data indicate that disrupting Drosophila topoisomerase II (Top2) gene function with RNAi and chemical inhibitors perturbs homolog pairing, suggesting Top2 to be a gene important for pairing.
The politics of local economic policy: The problems and possibilities of local initiative

PART I THE PROMISE OF LOCAL ECONOMIC INITIATIVES - The Emergence of an Idea - Consensus Policies and their Ambiguous Politics - PART II POLICIES AND DEBATES - The Radical Alternatives: the Right and the Left - The Mainstream - PART III THE LOCALNESS OF LOCAL ECONOMIC POLICY - Are there Local Economies? - Community, Locality and the Erosion of Place - Local Control in an International Economy - PART IV THE FUTURE OF LOCAL ECONOMIC POLICY - The Left: Modernisation or Class Struggle? - - How Can Markets be Freed? - The Future of the Consensus - The International Economy and the Future of Local Economic Policy
Yolk distribution and utilization during early development of a teleost embryo (Brachydanio rerio).

The work of Oppenheimer (1934, 1936) and Tung (1955, see also Devillers, 1961) suggests that an embryo such as Fundulus, a marine teleost, explanted at early cleavage (two-cell stage) is more dependent upon the amount of periblast yolk included in an explant than is an embryo that is more advanced prior to explanation. In other words, 'if it (the embryo) is explanted before a so-called critical stage, the blastoderm turns into a hyperblastula (a non-differentiated mass of cells); if it is explanted after that, it undergoes differentiation. The critical stage corresponds to eight blastomeres in Carassius, thirty-two in Fundulus, and a young blastula in Salmo' (Devillers, 1961, p. 391). The zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, with a smaller egg than these fish, has not been characterized by explanation. Devillers, in summary, states that 'these results mean that a substance indispensable for differentiation exists in the yolk sphere' (p. 392). He continues,' On the other hand, how this hypothetical material may reach the blastoderm needs to be explained. The base of the blastoderm is in direct contact with the periblast in the early stages; later on, this syncytium 'buds' off blastomeres that add themselves to the embryonic disc' (p. 397). He then asks the question 'but then how can one explain that in later stages the syncytium can still impose an orientation on the germ? Are diffusing organizing substances involved? ' (p. 397). Several questions may be further suggested from Devillers' initial question. After the first horizontal cleavage, is more yolk being added to the cells of the blastoderm? How is the yolk added to the cells of the blastoderm? What is in the yolk that may be the indispensable substance suggested by Devillers ? This study will attempt to answer these questions.
Integrated analysis of transcriptome data revealed MMP3 and MMP13 as critical genes in anaplastic thyroid cancer progression

To better understand the molecular mechanisms of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), we aimed to identify the hub genes specifically involved in ATC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, using three Gene Expression Omnibus data sets with the same platform GPL570, we screened hub genes involved in ATC progression. In vitro experiments, such as western blot analysis, Transwell assays, and coimmunoprecipitation, was performed to verify our findings. By comparing three subtypes of thyroid cancer with normal tissue, we found ATC harbored more changed genes than well and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Using specifically differentially expressed genes between ATC and normal thyroid tissues to perform Gene ontology (GO) analysis, ATC showed enrichments of GO terms involved in lymphocyte migration and activation, collagen catabolic and metabolic process, thyroid hormone synthesis, and embolism. Using genes involved in extracellular matrix, coexpression network analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis were performed to identify matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and MMP13 as two hub genes. Our experimental data indicated that both MMP3 and MMP13 were upregulated in ATC and knockdown of either of them could notably suppress ATC cell invasion and migration. Mechanistically, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments revealed MMP3 and MMP13 not only interacted with each other, but also regulated each other through the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. In conclusion, we identified a specific molecular mechanisms for the development of ATC by integrated analysis of transcriptome and in vitro experiments, which suggested that MMP3 and MMP13 might be developed as novel therapeutic targets for ATC.
Are Regional Differences in Utility Eliminated Over Time? Evidence from Germany

Hedonic theory assumes that changes in land prices and wage rates eliminate the utility advantages of differing locations. Using happiness data from the German socio-economic panel this paper empirically tests whether regional utility differences exist and if so whether utility levels show any tendency to converge over time. Empirical analysis reveals substantial differences in utility over different regions of Germany. Analysing a panel of data indicates that even if individual utility levels are at any one moment in disequilibrium they are rapidly converging over Germany for all types of individuals.
The effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the incorporation of 32P (Pi) and 3H‐palmitic acid into the phospholipids of Tetrahymena

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are able to control also the acetylation of tubulin. In the present experiments the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor was studied on the incorporation of 3H‐palmitic acid and 32P to the phospholipids (PI, PIP, PS, PC, PA, PE) of Tetrahymena pyriformis, considering earlier observations on the microtubular system's influence on signalling in this unicellular eukaryote. Treatment with 1, 5, or 10 µM TSA was studied. The incorporation of hydrophobic tail component, palmitic acid was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner into all the phospholipids, except for PA, where the incorporation was increased. 32P incorporation was also inhibited. The possible relation between the microtubular system and signalling is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquidity Constraints in Production Based Asset Pricing Models

This paper explores the time series implications of introducing credit constraints into a production based asset pricing model. Simulations are performed choosing parameter values which generate reasonable values for aggregate fluctuations. These results show that mean reversion in simulated returns series, measured by variance ration tests, is enhanced with the introduction of binding credit constraints. Without these constraints there is very little evidence of mean reversion. This is consistent with financial market data where the weak evidence for mean reversion is stronger in small firm returns. Other tests are run on the simulated series including checking the standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. These other tests do not show strong differences between the constrained and unconstrained firms in the model.
Recent Advances in the Surgical Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Review

Gastric cancer is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis, and surgical treatment remains the first-line approach to treatment to provide a cure. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neoadjuvant therapy, gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although the 5-year survival rate of early gastric cancer can reach >90%, due to the low early diagnosis rate, most patients present with advanced-stage gastric cancer. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in improving surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Lymph node dissection is an important part of the surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer due to the high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Although prospective studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer, the relevant treatment models of advanced gastric cancer still need to be further explored and validated. This review aims to provide an update on the recent advances in the surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
Dental maturity as an indicator of chronological age: the accuracy and precision of three methods.

The study was designed to investigate the accuracy and precision of three different methods for estimation of chronological age (Liliequist and Lundberg, 1971; Demirjian et al ., 1973 and Gustafson and Koch, 1974), based on tooth formation. Accuracy test. For each method, the mean difference and degree of linear correlation between estimated and true chronological age was determined in 300 3.5–12.5-year-old Swedish children. The data were arranged in subgroups according to sex and age. Precision test. For each method, the inter-examiner variation was studied in terms of the mean difference between the estimated age obtained from independent readings of 60 panoramic radiographs of the teeth by the two examiners. The intra-examiner variation was studied by calculating the mean difference between two independent readings of the same 60 radiographs by the same examiner. A high accuracy was found when the method proposed by Demirjian et al . , was applied to 3.5–6.5-year-old children. This method showed a low accuracy in the older age-groups, however. The accuracy of the method devised by Liliequist and Lundberg (1971) was found to be low in all age-groups, and age determination using this method resulted in systematic underestimation of age. The accuracy of the method described by Gustafson and Koch (1974) was high when applied to boys, but low in girls. The precision was found to be high for the methods of Demirjian et al . (1973) and Liliequist and Lundberg (1971) but somewhat lower for the method of Gustafson and Koch (1974). Estimation of age is preferably done during early childhood. Of the methods tested, the one proposed by Demirjian et al . (1973) is the most reliable at these ages, due to its comparatively high accuracy and precision.
The brain drain: a review of theory and facts

Skilled migration has increased in recent years, often stimulated by the explicit use of targeted visa programmes by developed countries. This paper examines the available analytical and empirical literature on the brain drain to try and understand better whether skille migration from developing countries must always be harmful to the country of origin. We show that early generation models – mostly dating to the 1970s – found that such migration would be harmful, mostly though the impact on wages and employment, as well as through fiscal costs. A more recent literature has argued that a beneficial brain drain can arise if migration has educational externatilities. As human capital rises, growth will also be positively affected. However, we show that if screening is applied such benefits may disappear or become smaller. Recent empirical work on the health and software sectors provides some contrasting evidence.
FaceCollage: A Rapidly Deployable System for Real-time Head Reconstruction for On-The-Go 3D Telepresence

This paper presents FaceCollage, a robust and real-time system for head reconstruction that can be used to create easy-to-deploy telepresence systems, using a pair of consumer-grade RGBD cameras that provide a wide range of views of the reconstructed user. A key feature is that the system is very simple to rapidly deploy, with autonomous calibration and requiring minimal intervention from the user, other than casually placing the cameras. This system is realized through three technical contributions: (1) a fully automatic calibration method, which analyzes and correlates the left and right RGBD faces just by the face features; (2) an implementation that exploits the parallel computation capability of GPU throughout most of the system pipeline, in order to attain real-time performance; and (3) a complete integrated system on which we conducted various experiments to demonstrate its capability, robustness, and performance, including testing the system on twelve participants with visually-pleasing results.
To Believe or Not to Believe

This paper explains how the actions of skeptical traders can make manipulable earnings reports informative. Our model consists of a price-maximizing manager who chooses a cheap talk report, a profit-maximizing trader who may then seek costly information, and competitive market makers. Since the manager can influence the trader's information acquisition decision, the manager may choose to reveal even bad news to decrease the impact of order flows on prices. The paper provides foundations for treating positive and negative earnings surprises as good news and bad news respectively, even when external auditing cannot constrain opportunistic managers. Testable implications are derived.
Reducing cryptic relatedness in genomic data sets via a central node exclusion algorithm

Cryptic relatedness is a confounding factor in genetic diversity and genetic association studies. Development of strategies to reduce cryptic relatedness in a sample is a crucial step for downstream genetic analyses. This study uses a node selection algorithm, based on network degrees of centrality, to evaluate its applicability and impact on evaluation of genetic diversity and population stratification. 1,036 Guzerá (Bos indicus) females were genotyped using Illumina Bovine SNP50 v2 BeadChip. Four strategies were compared. The first and second strategies consist on a iterative exclusion of most related individuals based on PLINK kinship coefficient (φij) and VanRaden's φij, respectively. The third and fourth strategies were based on a node selection algorithm. The fourth strategy, Network G matrix, preserved the larger number of individuals with a better diversity and representation from the initial sample. Determining the most probable number of populations was directly affected by the kinship metric. Network G matrix was the better strategy for reducing relatedness due to producing a larger sample, with more distant individuals, a more similar distribution when compared with the full data set in the MDS plots and keeping a better representation of the population structure. Resampling strategies using VanRaden's φij as a relationship metric was better to infer the relationships among individuals. Moreover, the resampling strategies directly impact the genomic inflation values in genomewide association studies. The use of the node selection algorithm also implies better selection of the most central individuals to be removed, providing a more representative sample.
Transcriptional Programs of Early Reproductive Stages in Arabidopsis1[w]

The life cycle of flowering plants alternates between a diploid sporophytic and a haploid gametophytic generation. After fertilization of each the egg and central cells by one male gamete, the development of both fertilization products occurs coordinated with the maternally derived seed coat and carpel tissues forming the fruit. The reproduction program is likely to involve the concerted activity of many genes. To identify genes with specific functions during reproduction, we have analyzed the expression profile of more than 22,000 genes present on the Arabidopsis ATH1 microarray during three stages of flower and fruit development. We found 1,886 genes regulated during reproductive development and 1,043 genes that were specifically expressed during reproduction. When compared to cells from an Arabidopsis suspension culture, S-phase genes were underrepresented and G2 and M-phase genes were strongly enriched in the set of specific genes, indicating that important functions during reproduction are exerted in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Many potential signaling components, such as receptor-like protein kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors, were present in both groups of genes. Members of the YABBY, MADS box, and Myb transcription factor families were significantly overrepresented in the group of specific genes, revealing an important role of these families during reproduction. Furthermore, we found a significant enrichment of predicted secreted proteins smaller than 15 kD that could function directly as signaling molecules or as precursors for peptide hormones. Our study provides a basis for targeted reverse-genetic approaches aimed to identify key genes of reproductive development in plants.
A spectrally efficient algorithm for massive MIMO for mitigating pilot contamination

A problem that arises with pilot assignment in multicellular massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is due to inter-cell interference, also known as pilot contamination. This paper focuses on minimizing the inter-cell interference that results from spatial correlation based on signal arrival parameters, assuming the use of a cylindrical antenna array. The signal parameters are used to estimate user location. The paper then develops an algorithm for allocating the pilot sequences to decrease the inter-cell interference and enhance the spectral efficiency.
Extinction of Inhibition after Serial and Simultaneous Feature Negative Discrimination Training

Two experiments using a conditioned suppression procedure with rats found that following training, nonreinforced presentations of an inhibitory feature stimulus (X) had different effects, depending on whether a serial (A+, XA−) or a simultaneous (A+, A→X−) feature negative discrimination procedure was used to establish the inhibition. Those presentations exhanced X's inhibitory power after simultaneous feature negative training, but reduced X's inhibitory power after serial feature negative training. These data suggest that the nature of inhibition established in feature negative discriminations depends on the temporal arrangement of stimuli.
Causal Relationships between Infant Mortality and Fertility in Developedand Less Developed Countries

This paper is a study of the dynamic relationships between two demographic variables--the infant mortality rate and the fertility rate-- using time series methodology. I believe that I have shown that infant mortality and fertility are not independent but rather are jointly determined. Also, i believe that I have shown that a decline in infant mortality that is due to an increase in per capita real income triggers a subsequent decline in fertility.This dynamic nexus between changes in infant mortality and fertilitylies at the heart of the so-called "demographic transition. "
Bidirectional variation in glutamate efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex induced by selective positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators

Dysregulation of prefrontal cortical glutamatergic signalling via NMDA receptor hypofunction has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and impaired inhibitory control in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction. Although NMDA receptors functionally interact with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the consequence of this interaction for glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulation on changes in extracellular glutamate efflux in the medial PFC (mPFC) induced by systemic administration of the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (or MK801) in rats. Extracellular glutamate efflux was measured following systemic administration of the positive allosteric mGluR5 modulator [S‐(4‐Fluoro‐phenyl)‐{3‐[3‐(4‐fluoro‐phenyl)‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl]‐piperidin‐1‐yl}‐methanone] (ADX47273; 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulator [2‐chloro‐4‐{[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl]ethynyl}pyridine] (RO4917523; 0.3 mg/kg, p.o.), using a wireless glutamate biosensor in awake, freely moving rats. The effect of MK801 (0.03–0.06 mg/kg, s.c.) on mPFC glutamate efflux was also investigated in addition to the effects of MK801 (0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) following ADX47273 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) pre‐treatment. ADX47273 produced a sustained increase in glutamate efflux and increased the effect of NMDA receptor antagonism on glutamate efflux in the mPFC. In contrast, negative allosteric mGluR5 modulation with RO4917523 decreased glutamate efflux in the mPFC. These findings indicate that positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators produce long lasting and opposing actions on extracellular glutamate efflux in the mPFC. Positive and negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 may therefore be viable therapeutic agents to correct abnormalities in glutamatergic signalling present in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
The Impact of Opportunistic Infections on Clinical Outcome and Healthcare Resource Uses for Adult T Cell Leukaemia

We examined the impact of opportunistic infections on in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and the total cost (TC) among adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patients. In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 3712 patients with ATL using national hospital administrative data. Analysed opportunistic infections included Aspergillus spp. , Candida spp. , cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus (VZV), Cryptococcus spp. , nontuberculous mycobacteria, and Strongyloides spp. Multilevel logistic regression analysis for in-hospital mortality and a multilevel linear regression analysis for LOS and TC were employed to determine the impact of opportunistic infections on clinical outcomes and healthcare resources. We found ATL patients infected with CMV had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.29 [1.50–3.49] p < 0.001), longer LOS (coefficient (B): 0.13 [0.06–0.20] p < 0.001) and higher TC (B: 0.25 [0.17–0.32] p < 0.001) than those without CMV. Those with CAN and PCP were associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate (AOR 0.72 [0.53–0.98] p = 0.035 and 0.54[0.41–0.73] p < 0.001, respectively) than their infections. VZV was associated with longer LOS (B: 0.13 [0.06–0.19] p < 0.001), while aspergillosis, HSV, or VZV infections were associated with higher TC (B: 0.16 [0.07–0.24] p < 0.001, 0.12 [0.02–0.23] p = 0.025, and 0.17 [0.10–0.24] p < 0.001, respectively). Our findings reveal that CMV infection is a major determinant of poor prognosis in patients affected by ATL.