Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ice-sheet-wide framework for englacial attenuation from ice-penetrating radar data

Abstract. Radar inference of the bulk properties of glacier beds, most notably identifying basal melting, is, in general, derived from the basal reflection coefficient. On the scale of an ice sheet, unambiguous determination of basal reflection is primarily limited by uncertainty in the englacial attenuation of the radio wave, which is an Arrhenius function of temperature. Existing bed-returned power algorithms for deriving attenuation assume that the attenuation rate is regionally constant, which is not feasible at an ice-sheet-wide scale. Here we introduce a new semi-empirical framework for deriving englacial attenuation, and, to demonstrate its efficacy, we apply it to the Greenland Ice Sheet. A central feature is the use of a prior Arrhenius temperature model to estimate the spatial variation in englacial attenuation as a first guess input for the radar algorithm. We demonstrate regions of solution convergence for two input temperature fields and for independently analysed field campaigns. The coverage achieved is a trade-off with uncertainty and we propose that the algorithm can be "tuned" for discrimination of basal melt (attenuation loss uncertainty ∼ 5 dB). This is supported by our physically realistic ( ∼ 20 dB) range for the basal reflection coefficient. Finally, we show that the attenuation solution can be used to predict the temperature bias of thermomechanical ice sheet models and is in agreement with known model temperature biases at the Dye 3 ice core.
Selective switch between latency and lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in dually infected body cavity lymphoma cells

The BC-1 cell line, derived from a body cavity-based, B-cell lymphoma, is dually infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In these studies, the relationships between these two gammaherpesviruses and BC-1 cells were characterized and compared. Single-cell cloning experiments suggested that all BC-1 cells contain both genomes. In more than 98% of cells, both viruses were latent. The two viruses could be differentially induced into their lytic cycles by chemicals. EBV was activated into DNA replication and late-gene expression by the phorbol ester tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). KSHV was induced into DNA replication and late-gene expression by n-butyrate. Amplification of both EBV and KSHV DNAs was inhibited by phosphonoacetic acid. Induction of the KSHV lytic cycle by n-butyrate was accompanied by the disappearance of host-cell beta-actin mRNA. Induction of EBV by TPA was not accompanied by such an effect on host-cell gene expression. Induction of the KSHV lytic cycle by n-butyrate was associated with the expression of several novel polypeptides. Recognition of one of these, p40, served as the basis of development of an assay for antibodies to KSHV in the sera of infected patients. BC-1 cells released infectious EBV; however, there was no evidence for the release of encapsidated KSHV genomes by BC-1 cells, even though n-butyrate-treated cells contained numerous intranuclear nucleocapsids. The differential inducibility of these two herpesviruses in the same cell line points to the importance of viral factors in the switch from latency to lytic cycle.
Error analysis at the level of single moves in block design

The method of error analysis has been fruitfully applied to the performance of brain‐damaged patients in a number of different domains. This approach has also been used for investigating the visuo‐constructional abilities of neurological patients, but only in a limited fashion. In the present work we applied error analysis to the performance of three patients, each showing a different pattern of errors, and 12 controls on a modified version of the WAIS Block Design task. Data were collected about the single moves made by the subjects to arrive at a copy of the model, and errors were classified using 14 categories. The error patterns of the three patients were found to be reliably different and so putatively suggest different processing impairments. Patient BV showed errors possibly reflecting the lack, or absence, of a plan during the reproduction attempt. Patient GP mainly showed errors reflecting impairment in the processing of metric spatial relations, while patient VQ's errors were those predicted by impaired mental rotation ability. Overall, we showed that Block Design performance can be used productively in the investigation of spatial processing by means of the single‐case approach.
Hitachi at SemEval-2017 Task 12: System for temporal information extraction from clinical notes

This paper describes the system developed for the task of temporal information extraction from clinical narratives in the context of the 2017 Clinical TempEval challenge. Clinical TempEval 2017 addressed the problem of temporal reasoning in the clinical domain by providing annotated clinical notes, pathology and radiology reports in line with Clinical TempEval challenges 2015/16, across two different evaluation phases focusing on cross domain adaptation. Our team focused on subtasks involving extractions of temporal spans and relations for which the developed systems showed average F-score of 0.45 and 0.47 across the two phases of evaluations.
Proposal for THz generation by an unbiased and antenna-coupled CW terahertz photomixer

We introduce an array of new antenna-coupled and unbiased terahertz photomixer. Unlike previous structures, this emitter does not require any external bias voltage. In this work, we show that an array of asymmetric (bi-metallic) MSM structures, whose unit cell (pitch) is made of a pair of dissimilar Schottky contacts on LTG-GaAs can act as bias free CW THz photomixer emitters. For photocarrier acceleration it rather makes use of the built-in electrostatic Schottky contact field formed at the electrode-photoconductor interface. Moreover, we demonstrate 5 μW of THz power radiation in the 0.5 THz can be achieved by using a dipole antenna integrated with the proposed unbiased photomixer. A hybrid numerical simulation method is used to model and analyze this phenomenon.
A brief discussion on moderatism based local gradient learning rules

Moderatism [Y. Okabe et al., 1988], which is a learning rule for ANNs, is based on the principle that individual neurons and neural nets as a whole try to sustain a "moderate" level in their input and output signals. In this way, a close mutual relationship with the outside environment is maintained. In this paper, two potential moderatism-based local, gradient learning rules are proposed. Then, a pattern learning experiment is performed to compare the learning performances of these two learning rules, the error based weight update (EBWU) rule [Tanvir Islam, M et al., December 2001][Tanvir Islam, M et al., September 2001], and error backpropagation [Bishop, CM et al., 1995].
Short implants: a descriptive study of 273 implants.

PURPOSE The study aims to assess the performance of short implants in a series of patients with severe alveolar resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review is made of 273 implants measuring 10 mm or less, placed by conventional surgery or using osteotomes, and with a postloading follow-up of between 18 months and 12 years (mean 81 months). RESULTS A total of 20 failures were recorded (7.33%), with a global implant survival of 92.67%. The survival rate for 10 mm implants was 92.82%, versus 92.5% in the case of those measuring less than 10 mm. Overall, the failure rate was lowest for the treated surface implants (2.56% vs 4.76%). On considering the implants measuring under 10 mm, the failure rates were similar in both groups (3.77%). CONCLUSIONS Short implants are a good treatment alternative for patients with severe alveolar resorption of both jaws.
Differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the tongue by using diffusion-weighted MRI at 3.0 T.

OBJECTIVES Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has been introduced in head and neck lesions and adds important information to the findings obtained through conventional MRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of DWI in differentiating benign and malignant lesions of the tongue at 3.0-T field strength imaging. METHODS 78 patients with 78 lingual lesions underwent conventional MRI and DWI with b-values of 0 and 1000 s mm(-2) before therapy. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reconstructed, and the ADC values of the lingual lesions were calculated and compared between benign and malignant lesions of the tongue. RESULTS The mean ADC values of the malignant tumours, benign solid lesions and cystic lesions were (1.08±0.16)×10(-3), (1.68±0.33)×10(-3) and (2.21±0.35)×10(-3) mm2 s(-1), respectively. The mean ADC values of malignant tumours were significantly lower (p<0.001) than those of benign solid lesions, and the mean ADC values of benign solid lesions were significantly lower (p<0.001) than those of cystic lesions. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that when an ADC value<. 31×10(-3) mm2 s(-1) was used for predicting malignancy, the highest accuracy of 95.3%, sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 97.3% were obtained. CONCLUSIONS ADC values of benign and malignant lesions are significantly different at 3.0-T imaging. DWI can be applied as a complementary tool in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the tongue.
The olive branch chronology stands irrespective of tree-ring counting

Cherubini et al. (above) question the reliability of identifying annual growth increments in olive trees, and therefore voice caution against the result of the wiggle-match of the four sections of a branch of an olive tree to the 14C calibration curve. Friedrich et al. (2006) were well aware of the problematic density structure of olive trees, and therefore assigned rather wide error margins of up to 50 per cent to the ring count. This still resulted in a late seventeenth century BC youngest date for the modelled age range of the outermost section of wood (95.4% probability). One can even remove any constraint from ring counting altogether and model the four radial sections as a simple ordered sequence, in which only the relative position is used as prior information, in other words that outer sections are younger than inner ones in a radial section.
The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History

Introduction. Acknowledgements. Note on References and Abbreviations. Lists of Illustrations. Part I: 'Frogs Round a Pond': Ideas of the Mediterranean: 1. A Geographical Expression. 2. A Historian's Mediterranean. Part II: 'Shory Distances and Definite Places": Mediterranean Microecologies: 3. Four Definite Places. 4. Ecology and the Larger Settlement. 5. Connectivity. Part III: Revolution and Catastrophe: 6. Imperatives of Survival: Diversify, Store, Redistribute. 7. Technology and Agrarian Change. 8. Mediterranean Catastrophes. 9. Mobility of Goods and People. Part IV: The Geography of Religion: 10. 'Territories of Grace'. Part V: 'Museums of Man': The Uses of Social Anthropology: 11. 'Mists of Time': Anthropology and Continuity. 12. 'I also Have a Moustache' : Anthropology and Mediterranean Unity. Bibliographical Essays. Consolidated Bibliography. Index.
Ranibizumab Prefilled Syringes: Benefits of Reduced Syringe Preparation Times and Less Complex Preparation Procedures

Purpose A recently developed ranibizumab prefilled syringe (PFS) eliminates several preparatory steps versus the standard vial-based method, and is expected to reduce syringe preparation time (SPT) and enhance procedural simplicity for intravitreal injections. Methods Syringe preparation times for the ranibizumab PFS and vial were recorded during standard treatment sessions at 2 centers, without randomization. The duration of each step in preparing the syringe was recorded. At each center, total SPT (mean total duration of all syringe preparation steps) for each method was compared using a 2-tailed t test. Results In total, 97 SPTs were analyzed across both centers. Center 1 SPTs were 46 seconds (PFS) versus 75 seconds (vial; difference, 29 seconds; p<0.001). Center 2 SPTs were 46 seconds (PFS) versus 63 seconds (vial; difference, 17 seconds; p<0.001). This equates to a 27%-39% reduction in SPT when using the PFS rather than the vial, resulting mostly from the reduced number of syringe preparation steps associated with the PFS. Conclusions Syringe preparation times for ranibizumab intravitreal injections are significantly shorter with the PFS than with the vial. The time saved by using the PFS may benefit physicians and nurses, and the simplicity of the injection preparation process with the PFS is advantageous.
Enrichment of Neurons and Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells proliferate and maintain their pluripotency for over a year in vitro (M. Amit, M. K. Carpenter, M. S. Inokuma, C. P. Chiu, C. P., Harris, M. A. Waknitz, J. Itskovitz-Eldor, and J. A. Thomson. 2000. Dev. Biol. 227: 271-278) and may therefore provide a cell source for cell therapies. hES cells were maintained for over 6 months in vitro (over 100 population doublings) before their ability to differentiate into the neural lineage was evaluated. Differentiation was induced by the formation of embryoid bodies that were subsequently plated onto appropriate substrates in defined medium containing mitogens. These populations contained cells that showed positive immunoreactivity to nestin, polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PS-NCAM) and A2B5. After further maturation, these cells expressed additional neuron-specific antigens (such as MAP-2, synaptophysin, and various neurotransmitters). Calcium imaging demonstrated that these cells responded to neurotransmitter application. Electrophysiological analyses showed that cell membranes contained voltage-dependent channels and that action potentials were triggered by current injection. PS-NCAM and A2B5 immunoselection or culture conditions could be used to produce enriched populations (60-90%) which could be further differentiated into mature neurons. The properties of the hES-derived progenitors and neurons were found to be similar to those of cells derived from primary tissue. These data indicate that hES cells could provide a cell source for the neural progenitor cells and mature neurons for therapeutic and toxicological uses.
BMI 1-mediated histone ubiquitylation promotes DNA double-strand break repair

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 191 No. 1 45–60 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201003034 JCB 45 Correspondence to Michael J. Hendzel: mhendzel@ualberta.ca Abbreviations used in this paper: ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR, ATM and Rad3 related; CFGE, constant-field gel electrophoresis; CLM, calicheamicin 1; DDR, DNA damage response; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; DSB, double-strand break; FHA, forkhead associated; IF, immunofluorescence; IR, ionizing radiation; IRIF, IR-induced foci; KO, knockout; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; NBS, Nijmegen breakage syndrome; PAR, poly-ADP-ribosylation; PcG, polycomb group; shRNA, small hairpin RNA; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; WT, wild type. Introduction
MS-20, A Chemotherapeutical Adjuvant, Reduces Chemo-Associated Fatigue and Appetite Loss in Cancer Patients

A small pilot study of the fermented soybean extract MicrSoy-20(MS-20) demonstrated its ability to restore chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and improve quality of life (QoL). This randomized, cross-over, comparative trial was conducted to confirm the effects of MS-20 on QoL and to understand its underlying mechanism when used in conjunction with chemotherapy. One hundred forty-three patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 was administered MS-20 for 1 wk followed by 3 wk of concomitant MS-20 plus chemotherapy. Group 2 was administered chemotherapy for 3 wk. QoL was assessed by the EORTC/QLQ-C30 questionnaire and visual analogue scales (VAS). Changes in immunological parameters and antioxidant profiles were also examined. Significant increases were observed in EORTC/QLQ-C30 scores for physical (4.45, P = 0.023) and social (3.99, P = 0.023) functioning in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 patients. VAS scores for fatigue and appetite loss significantly improved with MS-20 treatment (P < 0.001). Group 1 patients exhibited smaller decreases in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to Group 2 patients (P = 0.026). Other immunological parameters, antioxidant, and safety profiles were not significantly different between treatment groups. Addition of MS-20 as an adjuvant to chemotherapy can be effective in improving QoL for cancer patients.
CS 15-859 : Algorithms for Big Data Fall 2017 Lecture 10 — Nov

And recall that the INDEX model has the lower bound for deterministic communication complexity: CCδ(INDEX) ≥ I(M ;X|R) ≥ n(1−H(δ)), where R is the shared common random string. We need a lower bound when conditioning on R for our earlier Gap-Hamming lower bound, which was a reduction from INDEX using the shared common random string R. Definition. Given (X,Y ) ∼ μ, the μ-distributional communication complexity of a function f(X,Y ) over the distribution μ, denoted by Dμ(f), is the minimum cost of a protocol that gives the correct answer with probability at least 2/3.
Unidirectional Cross‐tolerance from Levetiracetam to Carbamazepine in Amygdala‐kindled Seizures

Summary: Purpose: Tolerance is a potential problem in long‐term anticonvulsant therapy of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to determine whether cross‐tolerance occurs between levetiracetam (LEV) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in amygdala‐kindled rats.
Sparse and Low-Rank Graph for Discriminant Analysis of Hyperspectral Imagery

Recently, sparse graph-based discriminant analysis (SGDA) has been developed for the dimensionality reduction and classification of hyperspectral imagery. In SGDA, a graph is constructed by ℓ1-norm optimization based on available labeled samples. Different from traditional methods (e.g., k-nearest neighbor with Euclidean distance), weights in an ℓ1-graph derived via a sparse representation can automatically select more discriminative neighbors in the feature space. However, the sparsity-based graph represents each sample individually, lacking a global constraint on each specific solution. As a consequence, SGDA may be ineffective in capturing the global structures of data. To overcome this drawback, a sparse and low-rank graph-based discriminant analysis (SLGDA) is proposed. Low-rank representation has been proved to be capable of preserving global data structures, although it may result in a dense graph. In SLGDA, a more informative graph is constructed by combining both sparsity and low rankness to maintain global and local structures simultaneously. Experimental results on several different multiple-class hyperspectral-classification tasks demonstrate that the proposed SLGDA significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art SGDA.
Randomized Controlled Trials: Methodological Concepts and Critique

Randomized controlled trials, also known as true experiments or intervention studies, are considered to be the gold standard research design for demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship between an intervention and an outcome. This article will describe key methodological concepts that make the randomized controlled trial this gold standard. Practicing from an evidence-based perspective requires practitioners to be able to critique the strengths and weaknesses of a research study in order to make decisions about adoption of the intervention into one's practice area. Key components to the critique of a randomized controlled trial are defined and the process is illustrated by a critique of Gallo and colleagues article, A Study of Naloxone Effect on Urinary Retention in the Patient Receiving Morphine PCA, published in this issue.
Robust output regulation of 2 x 2 hyperbolic systems part I: Control law and Input-to-State Stability

We consider the problem of output feedback regulationfor a linear first-order hyperbolic system with collocatedinput and output in presence of a general class of disturbancesand noise. The proposed control law is designed through abackstepping approach incorporating an integral action. Toensure robustness to delays, the controller only cancels partof the boundary reflection by means of a tunable parameter.This also enables a trade-off between disturbance and noisesensitivity.We show that the boundary condition of the obtainedtarget system can be transformed into a Neutral DifferentialEquation (NDE) and that this latter system is Input-to-StateStable (ISS). This proves the boundedness of the controlledoutput for the target system. This extends previous worksconsidering an integral action for this kind of system [16], andconstitutes an important step towards practical implementationof such controllers. Applications and practical considerations,in particular regarding the system's sensitivity functions arederived in a companion paper.
In vivo percutaneous penetration of some organic compounds related to anatomic site in humans: predictive assessment by the stripping method.

The effect of anatomic site on the in vivo relationship between the total penetration of four compounds and the amount of the compounds present in the stratum corneum at the end of application was studied in humans. For each anatomic site, 1,000 nmol of 14C-radiolabeled benzoic acid, benzoic acid sodium salt, caffeine, or acetylsalicylic acid was applied to 1-cm2 area of skin of male Caucasian patients aged 28 +/- 2 years (groups of 6-8). For each molecule and each site, a first application on the right-hand side of the body allowed total absorption to be determined by measuring the amount excreted in the urine. A second application, performed 48 h later on the contralateral site, enabled the total amount of substance present in the stratum corneum at the end of application (30 min) to be assessed after cellophane-tape stripping of the treated area. The results showed that skin permeability varied substantially, depending both on the physicochemical nature of the molecule and on the anatomical location. In general, the rank order in skin permeability of the studied areas appears to be as follows: arm less than or equal to abdomen less than postauricular less than forehead. Whatever the compound applied, the forehead was approximately 2 times as permeable as the arm or abdomen. Independent of the origin of the differences in permeability observed among sites, there exists a linear correlation (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001) between the amounts of substance present in the stratum corneum at the end of application (30 min) and the total amounts which penetrated within a 4-d period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel Structural Insights of Glutamate Racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Modeling and Docking Studies

— An alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of the tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and continuing high worldwide incidence of tuberculosis has invigorated the search for novel drug targets. The enzyme glutamate racemase (MurI) in bacteria catalyzes the stereoconversion of L-glutamate to D-glutamate which is a component of the peptidoglycan cell wall of the bacterium. The inhibitors targeted against MurI from several bacterial species have been patented and are advocated as promising antibacterial agents. However there are none available against MurI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis , due to the lack of its three-dimensional structure. This work accomplished two major objectives. First, the tertiary structure of MtMurI was deduced computationally through homology modeling using the templates from bacterial homologues. It is speculated that like in other Gram-positive bacteria, MtMurI exists as a dimer and many of the protein interactions at the dimer interface are also conserved. Second, potent candidate inhibitors against MtMurI were identified through docking against already known inhibitors in other organisms.