Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of vascular origin, oxygen, and tumour necrosis factor alpha on trophoblast invasion of maternal arteries in vitro

Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade and remodel uterine spiral arteries. Regulatory factors may include inherent vessel susceptibility, local oxygen levels and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We have used an in vitro model to investigate interstitial and endovascular invasion of myometrial spiral arteries from pregnant and non‐pregnant uteri and also omental arteries. To model endovascular invasion, fluorescent‐labelled EVTs were perfused into the lumen of these dissected vessels. For interstitial invasion, labelled EVTs were layered on top. Cultures were either maintained in 17% or 3% oxygen, or cultured with TNFα. The invasion of arteries from pregnant women occurred via both routes at 17% oxygen, with endovascular invasion more efficient than interstitial. In omental arteries and spiral arteries from non‐pregnant women, endovascular invasion was limited. Endovascular and interstitial invasion were lower in all arteries at 3% oxygen. Typically, endovascular events were clustered, with an associated disruption in the adjacent endothelium and smooth muscle. A role for TNFα in limiting invasion was also supported. In conclusion, priming of uterine arteries may be necessary prior to EVT invasion. Oxygen is a sensitive regulator within this physiological model and increased invasion at higher pO2 may explain the homing of EVT to maternal arteries rather than veins. Adequate vascular transformation may therefore rely on a balance between vascular receptivity, oxygen partial pressure, and exposure to inflammatory mediators. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tree-based indexing for real-time ConvNet landmark-based visual place recognition

Recent impressive studies on using ConvNet landmarks for visual place recognition take an approach that involves three steps: (a) detection of landmarks, (b) description of the landmarks by ConvNet features using a convolutional neural network, and (c) matching of the landmarks in the current view with those in the database views. Such an approach has been shown to achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy even under significant viewpoint and environmental changes. However, the computational burden in step (c) significantly prevents this approach from being applied in practice, due to the complexity of linear search in high-dimensional space of the ConvNet features. In this article, we propose two simple and efficient search methods to tackle this issue. Both methods are built upon tree-based indexing. Given a set of ConvNet features of a query image, the first method directly searches the features’ approximate nearest neighbors in a tree structure that is constructed from ConvNet features of database images. The database images are voted on by features in the query image, according to a lookup table which maps each ConvNet feature to its corresponding database image. The database image with the highest vote is considered the solution. Our second method uses a coarse-to-fine procedure: the coarse step uses the first method to coarsely find the top-N database images, and the fine step performs a linear search in Hamming space of the hash codes of the ConvNet features to determine the best match. Experimental results demonstrate that our methods achieve real-time search performance on five data sets with different sizes and various conditions. Most notably, by achieving an average search time of 0.035 seconds/query, our second method improves the matching efficiency by the three orders of magnitude over a linear search baseline on a database with 20,688 images, with negligible loss in place recognition accuracy.
Applying the Sport Education Model to Tennis

(Corbin & Lindsey, 1997), skill theme approach (Graham, Holt/Hale, & Parker, 2004), tactical approach (Bunker & Thorpe, 1982), and sport education (Siedentop, Hastie, & van der Mars, 2004). In an era that emphasizes authentic sport experiences, the Sport Education Model includes unique features that sets it apart from other curricular models and can be a valuable tool in teaching tennis. A primary goal of sport education is: “To educate students to be players in the fullest sense and to help them develop as competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportsperson” (Siedentop et al. 2004, p. 7). The Sport Education Model has six primary features:
Exploring a High Achiever's and a Low Achiever's Strategies and Images in Early Number Work

Curriculum development within mathematics is often grounded in the belief that all individuals pass through the same sequence of learning, albeit at different paces. There seems to be a general assumption that there is universality in the learning process. For example the national curriculum in Cyprus offers a list of subjects that children need to cover every year, whilst in the U.K. a more detailed national curriculum specifies the sequences of levels through which children shall grow. However, in neither of the two is there any reference to the fact that children may be learning and doing things in completely different ways. This becomes even more fundamental in the case of children with learning difficulties. Our purpose in this paper is to look closer at what two children at the extremes of arithmetical achievement may be doing in their heads that may be facilitating or inhibiting their understanding in arithmetic.
Identification of commercial and wild yeast strains by FTIR-Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Networks

Commonly used methods for the identification of microorganisms are based on biochemical reactions like sugar utilization or enzyme profiles. These techniques have several disadvantages like relatively high running costs and ambiguous results. For an improvement of this situation the Microbiology Unit of the ZIEL, TU München, has been working on the establishment of Fourier-transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for ten years. FTIR-Spectroscopy uses the characteristic of molecules to specifically absorb light within the infraredrange. Since the infrared spectra of microorganisms are distinctive, this method is called " fingerprinting method ". Reference databases can be used to identify spectra of unknown organisms. This technique offers basic advantages compared to conventional identification methods. (i) Since no reagent and only a few disposables are required, the running costs are very low. (ii) Acquisition of spectra as well as application is easy. (iii) Existing databases can be extended with new reference spectra of specific floras which allows an adaptation to any flora of interest. (iv) Finally, the sensitivity of this method makes differentiation at strain level to a certain extend possible (5). Databases for almost all yeast species and bacteria of interest have been established: yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonadaceae, bacilli, Listeria, coryneform bacteria and staphylocooci, acetic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and clostridia (1-4). Since the composition of the reference database is the determining factor for an exact and reliable identification, it should comprise as many species as possible, with each species represented by as many strains as possible. The current databases contain a total of 6500 reference strains from about 770 different species. The collection contains mainly food and environmental isolates as well as strains from official strain collections. Most of these strains have been checked by molecular techniques for the correct identification. The extensive development phase of the data libraries allows a reliable application in practice. To solve complex classification problems, FTIR-spectroscopy can be combined with the Artificial Neural Network technology (ANN), which is an advanced multivariate data processing method of pattern analysis. This combination enables the differentiation between very closely related species and even between strains of the same species.
Expression of two developmentally regulated brain-specific proteins is correlated with late outgrowth of the pyramidal tract

The regulation of axon outgrowth is not well understood. In previous studies, however, axon elongation has been well correlated with expression of a small number of growth-associated proteins (GAPs). To identify other proteins whose expression could be correlated with axon outgrowth during development of CNS pathways, monoclonal antibodies were raised against growth cone particles isolated from neonatal hamster brains. Two of these antibodies recognized a brain-specific 33 kDa protein associated with intracellular membranes of axons and growth cones. Immunoblotting demonstrated a sharp developmental decline in levels of the protein in hamster brain during the first postnatal week and a more gradual decline thereafter. Immunocytochemical studies with the antibodies revealed ubiquitous staining of the neuropil during the first several days, which by the end of the first week became restricted to a few later-maturing pathways. Staining was most intense in the pyramidal tract and was well correlated with axon outgrowth, which continues until 14 d in this pathway. These results suggest that the 33 kDa protein may, like previously identified GAPs, play a role in axon elongation. Late outgrowth of the hamster pyramidal tract is also correlated with expression of another developmentally regulated protein, the high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit (NF-H). Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody that recognized phosphorylated NF-H demonstrated that this subunit does not begin to appear in the late-maturing pyramidal tract fibers until several weeks after birth, in striking contrast to intense immunoreactivity of other spinal cord pathways from postnatal day 1. This finding suggests that specific pathways may have a highly idiosyncratic time course for expression of neurofilament subunits.
Hours invested in professional development during late career as a function of career motivation and satisfaction

Purpose – The study was undertaken to determine and understand the career investment behavior of workers in late career (ages 50‐70). Design/methodology/approach – The common wisdom, supported by economic theory, is that human capital investments in late career workers are of negligible value. Yet, recent evidence suggests that older workers do invest in their own careers, despite barriers. Questionnaires, collected from 450 college‐educated men from age 23 to 70, measured hours invested in professional development and in maintaining work‐relevant social networks, age, job satisfaction, and career motivation.Findings – The study found that age was not a factor in the hours spent on professional development and business networking. Career motivation was associated with the hours invested. The association was as strong for people in late career as for younger workers.Research limitations/implications – As the factors influencing investment during late career appear to be similar to those operating at other a.
Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Properties of Crude Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Four Common Edible Mushrooms

Four crude water soluble polysaccharides, CABP, CAAP, CFVP and CLDP, were isolated from common edible mushrooms, including Agaricus bisporus, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes, and their chemical characteristics and antioxidant properties were determined. Fourier Transform-infrared analysis showed that the four crude polysaccharides were all composed of β-glycoside linkages. The major monosaccharide compositions were D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose for CABP, CAAP and CLDP, while CFVP was found to consist of L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose. The main molecular weight distributions of CABP and the other three polysaccharides were <5.1 × 104 Da and >66.0 × 104 Da, respectively. Antioxidant properties of the four polysaccharides were evaluated in in vitro systems and CABP showed the best antioxidant properties. The studied mushroom species could potentially be used in part of well-balanced diets and as a source of antioxidant compounds.
User-guided feature Sensitive Hole Filling for 3D Meshes

Most hole filling approaches use techniques to fill up a hole first and then to smooth it. Very few tries rebuild features on the filled surface of the original 3D model. We propose an efficient hole-filling methodology which preserves sharp features of the geometry of the original model. The main idea is that we reconstruct feature curves in the missing parts of the given mesh before filling the hole with smoothing surface. The feature curves in the missing part are reconstructed by extending salient features of the existing parts. The hole is partitioned into several smaller and more planar sub-holes divided by the feature curves and then the hole-filling step follows. User intervention is available to design the features to be desired shape to guide feature curve reconstruction wherever ambiguity exists or results are unsatisfactory. Our hole filling techniques is different from other existing techniques as features are taken as the first subject to reconstruct, which eventually drive the featuredefinite surface filling process. It is also very efficient as a user is interfering only with features and the actual hole-filling step is dealing with only planar holes.
SRAM Write-Ability Improvement With Transient Negative Bit-Line Voltage

Increasing variations in device parameters significantly degrades the write-ability of SRAM cells in deep sub-100 nm CMOS technology. In this paper, a transient negative bit-line voltage technique is presented to improve write-ability of SRAM cell. Capacitive coupling is used to generate a transient negative voltage at the low-going bit-line during Write operation without using any on-chip or off-chip negative voltage source. Statistical simulations in a 45-nm PD/SOI technology show a 103X reduction in the Write-failure probability with the proposed method.
The mating system of the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

This article reports the first genetic study of the mating system of the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), an endemic and endangered species in China. The investigation was carried out in a population (WRT) in the Qinling Mountains using data from both field observation and paternity analysis through microsatellite DNA profiling. During a mating season, a male on an average copulated with 5.7 females. Approximately 18% of the females were observed to copulate with more than one male over the study period. The majority of copulations (94.5%) were initiated by females. Twenty‐eight of 430 observed matings were extra‐unit copulations. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were used for paternity analysis. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 3 to 7 (mean=4.3). Observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.32 and 0.79. None of the loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Results from paternity exclusion showed that 12 of 21 (57.1%) immature individuals were sired by extra‐unit males. Although the basic social unit of snub‐nosed monkeys is consistent with a polygynous mating system, both field observation and genetic data suggests that their mating system is polygamous. Infanticide and inbreeding avoidance are the most likely explanations for the promiscuity of female snub‐nosed monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 72:25–32, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development Scenarios for the North and Baltic Sea Grid: A Welfare Economic Analysis

The North and Baltic Sea Grid is one of the largest pan-European infrastructure projects raising high hopes regarding the potential of harnessing large amounts of renewable electricity, but also concerns about the implementation in largely nationally dominated regulatory regimes. The paper develops three idealtype development scenarios and quantifies the technical-economic effects: i) the Status quo in which engagement in the North and Baltic Sea is largely nationally driven; ii) a Trade scenario dominated by bilateral contracts and point-to-point connections; and iii) a Meshed scenario of fully interconnected cables both in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, a truly pan-European infrastructure. We find that in terms of overall welfare, the meshed solution is superior; however, from a distributional perspective there are losers of such a scheme, e.g. the incumbent electricity generators in France, Germany, and Poland, and the consumers in low-price countries, e.g. Norway and Sweden. Merchant transmission financing, based on congestion rents only, does not seem to be a sustainable option to provide sufficient network capacities, and much of the investment will have to be regulated to come about. We also find strong interdependencies between offshore grid expansion and the subsequent onshore network.
Indigenous Wisdom of the People Forum: strategies for expanding a web of transnational indigenous interactions

Laura Harris, President of Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), and one of the facilitators of the Indigenous Wisdom of the People Forum (WOPF) held at the 47th ISSS Conference, discusses why Indigenous people participated in the conference, the development of ILISTM (the Indigenous Leaders Interactive System, which is the structured dialogue process used to conduct the Indigenous WOPF) and the forum itself. Native American and Maori community members came to the conference to be able to share their Indigeneity on an international platform. Indigeneity is an emerging cluster of concepts (see La Donna Harris's contribution to this same volume) which tries to capture the conceptual contributions Indigenous people have to make to contemporary global discourse in the face of globalization. ILISTM has played a big role in assisting Indigenous people to ‘re-cognize’ their ancestral knowledge and to articulate Indigenous systems thinking to the members of contemporary society, both inside and outside Indigenous communities. One outcome of this reflective articulation has been the creation of a new international Indigenous peoples' organization, Advancement of Global Indigeneity (AGI). The task of the Indigenous WOPF held on 7–10 July 2003 was to identify strategies for AGI's further outreach to other Indigenous groups in the world beyond the Native North American and Maori founders of AGI. One of the major reasons that the forum was a success was the ability of ILIS to authentically engage a very diverse set of participants, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, ranging from people who had had much experience with Indigenous issues as well as those who had had no previous experience, and to enable them to effectively articulate their ideas for AGI's further development and outreach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Look at the Semantics and Optimization Methods of CP-Networks

Preference elicitation is a serious bottleneck in many decision support applications and agent specification tasks. CP-nets were designed to make the preference elicitation process simpler and more intuitive for lay users by graphically structuring a set of Ceteris Paribus (CP) preference statements preference statements most people find natural and intuitive. In various contexts, CP-nets with an underlying cyclic structure emerge naturally. Often, they are inconsistent according to the current semantics, and the user is required to revise them. In this paper we show how optimization queries can be meaningfully answered in many "inconsistent" networks without troubling the user with requests for revisions. We also describe a method for focusing users' revision process when revisions are truly needed. In the process, we provide a formal semantics that justifies our approach and we introduce new techniques for computing optimal outcomes.
A Study of the Use of a Monolingual Pedagogical Dictionary by Learners of English Engaged in Writing

This paper is an account of a study of the role played by a dictionary (in this case, the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) ) in the completion of written (encoding) tasks by learners of English as a foreign language. The study uses an introspective methodology based on the completion of flowcharts. The results highlight, in particular, the importance of information on spelling and meaning and the central role accorded to the examples for obtaining a wide variety of information, notably on meaning, grammar, and register. COBUILD's full-sentence definitions together with its real examples are revealed to be of considerable use to learners. On the other hand, coded syntactic information in the dictionary is largely neglected by learners. Implications for lexicographers and for language teaching and learning are considered.
Parenting styles and bullying involvement / Estilos parentales e implicación en bullying

Abstract The present research was conducted to explore the relationship between bullying and parenting styles in an incidental sample of 626 high school students (49.7% girls). The information was collected by means of a self-report questionnaire that contained two instruments: European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and Scale for the assessment of the parenting styles of mothers and fathers of adolescents. The results show statistically significant differences in the perception of parenting styles between the students involved and not involved in bullying and between the different kinds of involvement. Different dimensions of parenting styles are also categorized as being risk or protective factors of bullying involvement. In agreement with the previous research, we have specifically found that perception of parenting styles (especially behavioural control and affection and communication) is significantly related to bullying involvement, especially regarding the role of aggressor.
Intragenic Duplication: A Novel Mutational Mechanism in Hereditary Pancreatitis

Objectives: In a hereditary pancreatitis family from Denmark, we identified a novel intragenic duplication of 9 nucleotides in exon-2 of the human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene (c.63_71dup) which at the amino-acid level resulted in the insertion of 3 amino acids within the activation peptide of cationic trypsinogen (p.K23_I24insIDK). The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of this unique genetic alteration on the function of human cationic trypsinogen. Methods: Wild-type and mutant cationic trypsinogens were produced recombinantly and purified to homogeneity. Trypsinogen activation was followed by enzymatic assays and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Trypsinogen secretion was measured from transfected HEK 293T cells. Results: Recombinant cationic trypsinogen carrying the p.K23_I24insIDK mutation exhibited greater than 10-fold increased autoactivation. Activation by human cathepsin B also was accelerated by 10-fold. Secretion of the p.K23_I24insIDK mutant from transfected cells was diminished, consistent with intracellular autoactivation. Conclusions: This is the first report of an intragenic duplication within the PRSS1 gene causing hereditary pancreatitis. The accelerated activation of p.K23_I24insIDK by cathepsin B is a unique biochemical property not found in any other pancreatitis-associated trypsinogen mutant. In contrast, the robust autoactivation of the novel mutant confirms the notion that increased autoactivation is a disease-relevant mechanism in hereditary pancreatitis.