Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory and Design of Phononic Crystals for Unreleased CMOS-MEMS Resonant Body Transistors

Resonant body transistors (RBTs) are solid state, actively sensed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators that can be implemented in commercial CMOS technologies. With small footprint, highQ, and scalability to gigahertz frequencies, they form basic building blocks for radio frequency (RF) front-ends and timing applications. Toward the goal of seamless CMOS integration, this paper presents the design and implementation of phononic crystals (PnCs) in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) of commercial CMOS technologies with bandgaps in the gigahertz frequencies to be used for enhanced acoustical confinement in CMOS-RBTs. Lithographically defined PnC dimensions allow for bandgap engineering, providing flexibility in resonator design, and allowing for multiple frequencies on a single chip. The theoretical basis for analyzing generic PnCs is presented, with focus on the special case of implementing PnCs in CMOS BEOL layers. The effect of CMOS process variations on the performance of such PnCs is also considered. The analysis presented in this paper establishes a methodology for assessing different CMOS technologies for the integration of unreleased CMOS-MEMS resonators. This paper also discusses the importance of uniformity of the acoustical cavity in the nonresonant dimension and its effect on overall resonator performance. A PnC implementation in IBM 32-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) BEOL layers is demonstrated to achieve 85% fractional-bandgap ~4.5-GHz frequency. With better energy confinement, the proposed CMOS-RBTs achieve a quality factor Q of 252, which corresponds to 8× improvement over the previous generation RBTs, which did not include PnCs. The presented devices have a footprint of 5 μm × 7 μm. This paper concludes with a discussion of the properties required of a CMOS technology for high performance RBT implementation.
Digital Implementation of Homomorphically Encrypted Feedback Control for Cyber-Physical Systems

This paper is about an encryption based approach to the secure implementation of feedback controllers for cyberphysical systems. Specifically, Paillier’s homomorphic encryption is used in a custom digital implementation of a class of linear dynamic controllers, including static gain as a special case. The implementation is amenable to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) realization. Experimental results, including timing analysis and resource usage characteristics for different encryption key lengths, are presented for the realization of a controller for an inverted pendulum; as this is an unstable plant, the control is necessarily fast.
Antigenic Differences Between Two Strains of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Summary A strain of RS virus (the CH 18537 strain isolated during 1962) was demonstrated to differ antigenically from the Long strain (isolated during 1956). This difference was reciprocal when neutralization tests were carried out using post infection ferret serum. Reinoculation of the ferrets with the Long and CH 18537 strains generally resulted in reinfection which was manifest by a broadening of the antibody spectrum with little or no change in the homologous antibody titer. In addition the growth of the CH 18537 strain in the ferret turbinate was studied and found to be different from that of the A-1 strain of RS virus. Differences between the Long and the CH 18537 strains of RS virus were minimal when the viruses were used to assay antibody response of infants infected with RS virus during 1956, 1960 and 1962. However, 2 infants infected with RS virus during 1956 developed antibodies which were more reactive with the 1962 isolate. It was suggested that variants of RS virus may circulate simultaneously in the same human population. The pertinence of these findings to development of immunoprophylaxis was discussed.
Comparison of verbal memory impairment rates in mild cognitive impairment

There are no accepted guidelines establishing the most sensitive neuropsychological methods to define memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated whether similar impairment rates were observed between the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT–R) and Logical Memory (LM) in 90 patients with amnestic or amnestic plus MCI. On HVLT–R delayed recall, 80% of participants performed in the MCI range compared to only 32.2% on LM II. The same pattern was seen for both amnestic and amnestic plus subtypes. Individuals impaired on HVLT–R delayed recall performed significantly worse on LM first recall and on delayed recall of LM Story A than those not impaired. MCI patients with executive dysfunction performed significantly worse than patients with no executive impairment on both LM I and HVLT–R Total Learning, but not for delayed recall of either measure. Future studies can address the longitudinal course of impairment on these measures.
Comparative analysis of length of stay, hospitalization costs, opioid use, and discharge status among spine surgery patients with postoperative pain management including intravenous versus oral acetaminophen

Abstract Background: Recovery from spine surgery is oriented toward restoring functional health outcomes while reducing resource use. Optimal pain management is a key to reaching these objectives. We compared outcomes of spine surgery patients who received standard pain management including intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) vs. oral APAP. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Premier database (January 2012 to September 2015) comparing spine surgery patients who received pain management with IV APAP to those who received oral APAP, with no exclusions based on additional pain management. We performed multivariable logistic regression for the discharge and all cause 30-day readmission to the same hospital outcomes and instrumental variable regressions using the quarterly rate of IV APAP use for all hospitalizations by hospital as the instrument in two-stage least squares regressions for length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs, and average daily morphine equivalent dose (MED) outcomes. Models adjusted for age, gender, race, admission type, 3M All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group severity of illness and risk of mortality, hospital size, and indicators for whether the hospital was an academic center and whether it was urban or rural. Results: We identified 112,586 spine surgery patients with 51,835 (46%) having received IV APAP. Subjects averaged 57 and 59 years of age respectively in the IV APAP and oral APAP cohorts and were predominantly non-Hispanic Caucasians and female. In our adjusted models, IV APAP was associated with 0.68 days shorter LOS (95% CI: −0.76 to −0.59, p < .0001), $1175 lower hospitalization costs (95% CI: −$1611 to −$739, p < .0001), 13 mg lower average daily MED (95% CI: −14 mg to −12 mg, p < .0001), 34% lower risk of discharge to a skilled nursing facility (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.69, p < .0001), and 13% less risk of 30-day readmission (95% CI: 0.73 to 1.03). Conclusions: Compared to oral APAP, managing post-spine-surgery pain with IV APAP is associated with less resource use, lower costs, lower doses of opioids, and improved discharge status.
Energy efficient sensing in wireless sensor networks in body area networks

This article investigates wireless sensor network energy efficiency through sensor power demands and optimization of sensor power efficiency with cognitive radio and smart routing for use in green communications. Increase of energy efficiency of a local wireless sensor network for a predefined residential area using a smart routing system simulator (EnVO) is shown for both lossy and lossless data transmission for continuous communication. Different network topologies are discussed along with the best solution for minimum energy loss.
Empathic design: Research strategies.

This paper explores the role of empathy within new product development from the perspective of human-centred design. The authors have developed a range of empathic design tools and strategies that help to identify authentic human needs.For products and services to be effective, they need to satisfy both functional and emotional needs of individuals. In addition, the individual user needs to feel that the product and/or service has been designed 'just for them', otherwise they may misuse, underuse or abandon the product/service. This becomes critical with a product such as a Zimmer frame (walker), when it fails to resonate with the patient due to any stigma the patient may perceive, and thus remains unused.When training young designers to consider the wider community (people unlike themselves) during the design process, it has proven extremely valuable to take them outside their comfort zones, by seeking to develop empathy with the end user for whom they are designing. Empathic modelling offers designers the opportunity to develop greater insight and understanding, in order to support more effective design outcomes. Sensitising designers to the different ways that individuals complete daily tasks has helped to diminish the gap between themselves and others (e.g. people with disabilities). The authors intend for this paper to resonate with health care providers. Human-centred design can help to refocus the designer, by placing the individual end user's needs at the heart of their decision-making.
Electric motor internal fan system CFD validation

This work presents the development of a CFD methodology to evaluate the distribution of the airflow around the end winding of an asynchronous motor. This process was assisted by an experimental device that was designed and developed in order to consider a number of geometric simplifications aiming at the validation of the CFD model. The problems of numerical convergence in both steady-state and transient regimes are discussed in this work.
The Globule Leucocyte: Morphology, Origin, Function and Fate, A Review

A review of the literature concerning the origin, function and fate of the globular leukocyte is presented. The possible relationship of this cell to other cells such as erythrocytes, mast cells and lymphocytes in general is discussed with an aim toward delineating the probable functions of the cell. Although the globular leukocyte has been described in many species and in a variety of organs, its origin, fate and function remain to be clearly elucidated.
Active learning combining uncertainty and diversity for multi-class image classification

In computer vision and pattern recognition applications, there are usually a vast number of unlabelled data whereas the labelled data are very limited. Active learning is a kind of method that selects the most representative or informative examples for labelling and training; thus, the best prediction accuracy can be achieved. A novel active learning algorithm is proposed here based on one-versus-one strategy support vector machine (SVM) to solve multi-class image classification. A new uncertainty measure is proposed based on some binary SVM classifiers and some of the most uncertain examples are selected from SVM output. To ensure that the selected examples are diverse from each other, Gaussian kernel is adopted to measure the similarity between any two examples. From the previous selected examples, a batch of diverse and uncertain examples are selected by the dynamic programming method for labelling. The experimental results on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Generation of anaglyph using high resolution acoustic images

This paper describes post processing of high resolution acoustic images. A multi-beam acoustic camera with high resolution can be a substitute for typical optical systems as an identification sensor of an unmanned underwater robot in turbid underwater environment. The acoustic images do not allow depth perception, however. Anaglyph method was adopted to generate stereoscopic images and to provide depth perception. There are several ways to generate anaglyph images and, basically, two images are required for each eye. In this paper, how to operate the acoustic camera to get two images are proposed.
Feasibility of Soil Dust Source Apportionment by the Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method

Abstract This study tested the feasibility of using pyrolysis (Py)-gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) to obtain organic chemical species data suitable for source apportionment modeling of soil-derived coarse particulate matter (PM10) dust on ambient filters. A laboratory resuspension apparatus was used with known soils to generate simulated receptor filter samples loaded with ∼0.4 mg of PM10 dust, which is within the range of mass loading on ambient filters. Py-GC/MS at 740 °C generated five times more resolvable compounds than were obtained with thermal desorption GC/MS at 315 °C. The identified compounds were consistent with literature from Py experiments using larger samples of bulk soils. A subset of 91 organic species out of the 178 identified Py products was used as input to CMB8 software in a demonstration of source apportionment using laboratory-generated mixtures simulating ambient filter samples. The 178 quantified organic species obtained by Py of soil samples is an improvement compared with the 38 organic species obtained by thermal desorption of soils and the four functionally defined organic fractions reported by thermal/optical reflectance. Significant differences in the concentration of specific species were seen between samples from different sites, both geographically distant and close, using analysis of variance and cluster analysis. This feasibility study showed that Py-GC/MS can generate useful source profile data for receptor modeling and justifies continued method development.
Risk factors for high-altitude headache in mountaineers

Aim: The aim was to identify most relevant risk factors of high-altitude headache within a broad mountaineering population through a prospective, observational, rater-blinded study. Methods: A total of 506 mountaineers were enrolled after their first overnight stay in one of seven alpine huts between 2200–3817 m. Structured interview including information on mountaineering histories, caffeine intake, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, intake of medication, rate of ascent, physical fitness, the level of exertion and the amount of fluids intake at the day of ascent were recorded along with a standardized medical examination. Results: High-altitude headache occurred in 31% of study participants. Logistic regression analysis revealed a migraine history, low arterial oxygen saturation, high ratings of perceived exertion and fluid intake below 2 l to be independent risk factors for the development of high-altitude headache. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence, high-altitude headache is a relevant medical condition and a better understanding of risk factors has important impact and may facilitate patient behaviour and future study design.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOUR WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS : TOWARDS A MODEL

Knowledge management is the process of capturing, storing, sharing and using organizational knowledge with the aim of improving organizational performance. A necessary precursor for successful knowledge management initiatives is knowledge exchange between employees. This exchange is voluntary and highly dependent on an individual’s willingness to share his/her knowledge. It thus becomes important to identify the factors motivating employees to share their knowledge. This research in progress draws on Locke and Latham’s Goal Setting Theory (1990) to propose a model explaining knowledge sharing behavior.
An adaptive code position modulation scheme for wireless sensor networks

In this letter, an energy-efficient adaptive code position modulation scheme is proposed for wireless sensor networks to provide the relatively stable bit error ratio (BER) performance expected by the upper layers. The system is designed with focus on the adaptive control of transmission power, which is adjusted based on the measured power density of background noise. Interfaces among the modulation module, packet scheduling module and upper layer are provided for flexible adjustments to adapt to the background noise and deliver expected application quality. Simulations with signal processing worksystem (SPW) validate the effectiveness of the scheme.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hemolytic Phospholipase C Suppresses Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Activity

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent pathogen in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis from other causes and appears to have evolved strategies to survive the inflammatory response of the host. We hypothesized that the secreted hemolytic phospholipase C (PLC) of P. aeruginosa (PlcHR) would decrease neutrophil respiratory burst activity. We found that while intact wild-type P. aeruginosa cells stimulated moderate respiratory burst activity from human neutrophils, an isogenic mutant pseudomonas (ΔHR strain) containing a targeted deletion of the plcHR operon induced a much more robust oxidative burst from neutrophils. In contrast, a second pseudomonas mutant (ΔN) containing a disruption in the gene encoding the nonhemolytic PLC (PlcN) was not different from the wild type in stimulating neutrophil O2·−production. Readdition of purified PlcHR to the ΔHR strain suppressed neutrophil O2·−production to levels stimulated by wild-type bacteria. Interestingly, purified PlcHR decreased phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)- but not formyl methionyl-leucyl-proline (fMLP)-induced respiratory burst activity, suggesting interference by PlcHR with a protein kinase C (PKC)-specific signaling pathway. Accordingly, the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide inhibited the oxidative burst induced by either PMA or intact pseudomonas, but not by fMLP, whereas the p38 kinase inhibitor SB-203580 fully inhibited the respiratory burst induced by fMLP or the PlcHR-replete wild-type bacteria, but not PMA or the PlcHR-deficient ΔHR bacterial mutant. We conclude that expression of PlcHR by P. aeruginosa suppresses bacterium-induced neutrophil respiratory burst by interfering with a PKC-dependent, non-p38 kinase-dependent pathway.
QWI: a method for improved smoothing in language modelling

N-grams have been extensively and successfully used for language modelling in continuous speech recognition tasks. On the other hand, it has been shown that k-testable stochastic languages (k-TS) are strictly equivalent to N-grams. A major problem to be solved when using a language model is the estimation of the probabilities of events not represented in the training corpus, i.e. unseen events. The aim of this work is to improve other well established smoothing procedures by interpolating models with different levels of complexity (quality weighted interpolation-QWI). The effect of QWI was experimentally evaluated over a set of back-off smoothed k-TS language models. These experiments were carried out over several corpora using the test-set perplexity as an evaluation criterion. In all the cases the introduction of QWI resulted in a reduction of the test-set perplexity.
Multiple testing and its applications to microarrays

The large-scale multiple testing problems resulting from the measurement of thousands of genes in microarray experiments have received increasing interest during the past several years. This article describes some commonly used criteria for controlling false positive errors, including familywise error rates, false discovery rates and false discovery proportion rates. Various statistical methods controlling these error rates are described. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. These methods are applied to gene expression data from two microarray studies and the properties of these multiple testing procedures are compared.
Bis(4-aminobenzoato)-κ2 O,O′;κO-(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)zinc

In the title complex, [Zn(C7H6NO2)2(C10H8N2)], the ZnII cation is coordinated by two aminobenzoate anions and one 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. The carboxylate group of one aminobenzoate anion coordinates to the ZnII cation in a monodentate manner, whereas the carboxylate group of the other aminobenzoate anion chelates the Zn cation with different Zn—O bond lengths. Intermolecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.
Fate modulation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells and adult neural stem cells

Myelin loss occurs in the event of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. This may lead to axonal degeneration concomitantly resulting in visual and motor deficits. The development of meaningful repair strategies for the demyelinated CNS is currently being investigated. The question of how to stimulate the genesis and maturation of myelin-forming cells is an important part of that investigation. These so-called oligodendrocytes arise from resident oligodendroglial progenitor cells and from adult neural stem cells. The scientific challenge is to identify factors and mechanisms determining oligodendroglial cell fate and promoting differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In this context the intrinsic regulation of p57Kip2 in the peripheral nervous system has been described as leading to the differentiation of mature myelin-building Schwann cells. Moreover, it was shown that mesenchymal stem cells secrete as yet unknown factors which ameliorate oligodendroglial differentiation of adult neural stem cells in the CNS. Based on these observations, the present study examines whether p57Kip2 modulates glial fate decision of adult neural stem cells and whether p57Kip2 regulates oligodendroglial progenitor cell differentiation in the CNS. Furthermore, this work aims to address the question of whether the extrinsic application of mesenchymal secreted factors modulates oligodendroglial fate of progenitor cells, which additionally have the potential to develop into astrocytes, and whether these factors are also involved in the final maturation. The first approach was to intrinsically modulate progenitor cells and adult neural stem cells using shRNA-mediated down-regulation of p57Kip2 mRNA. In the second, oligodendroglial progenitor cells were extrinsically incubated in a medium conditioned with mesenchymal stem cells. Immunocytochemical stainings and gene expression analysis were applied at different time points for qualitative and quantitative study of the glial cells. The results show that the suppression of p57Kip2 leads to oligodendroglial fate decision in adult neural stem cells and ameliorates oligodendroglial progenitor cell differentiation. Interestingly, transplantation of p57Kip2-suppressed adult neural stem cells into the spinal cord results in oligodendroglial marker expression even under the astrocytic conditions prevailing there. Furthermore, mesenchymal factors stabilize the oligodendroglial fate of progenitor cells and accelerate their maturation. Both intrinsic and extrinsic modulation repress astrocytic development of the multipotent cells. In conclusion, it was found that the cell fate of oligodendroglial progenitor cells and adult neural stem cells can be modulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. This takes place on an oligodendroglial-astroglial modulation axis. The modulation mechanisms proposed here provide a basis for the development of future cell replacement strategies aiming at remyelination.