Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence suggesting a role for hydroxyl radical in passive Heymann nephritis in rats.

We examined the effect of scavengers of reactive oxygen metabolites on proteinuria in the passive Heymann nephritis model of membranous nephropathy. Passive Heymann nephritis was induced by a single intravenous injection of anti-Fx1A IgG in a dose of 10 mg/100 g body weight. Superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of superoxide or catalase which destroys hydrogen peroxide, did not affect the proteinuria. In contrast, dimethylthiourea (DMTU, 500 mg/kg followed by 125 mg/kg ip twice a day), a scavenger of hydroxyl radical, markedly reduced the proteinuria (day 5: anti-Fx1A 53 +/- 13, n = 18; anti-Fx1A + DMTU, 21 +/- 6 mg/24 h, n = 15, P less than 0.001). Experiments with 125I-labeled anti-Fx1A antibody demonstrated that DMTU did not affect the amount of antibody deposited in the kidney. Semiquantitative estimation of IgG and complement deposition in the kidney showed no differences between the DMTU-treated and control rats. A second hydroxyl radical scavenger, sodium benzoate (150 mg/kg ip twice a day), also resulted in marked reduction in proteinuria (day 5: anti-Fx1A 56 +/- 7, n = 9; anti-Fx1A + benzoate, 14 +/- 4 mg/24 h, n = 8, P less than 0.01). Because of the participation of iron in biological systems to generate hydroxyl radical, we also examined the effect of deferoxamine (DFO, 35 mg/day), an iron chelator, on the anti-Fx1A-induced proteinuria. There was a significant reduction in proteinuria in rats treated concurrently with DFO (day 5: anti-Fx1A 67 +/- 13, n = 15; anti-Fx1A + DFO, 29 +/- 4 mg/24 h, n = 15, P less than 0.01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mapping of prostate cancer by 1H MRSI

In many studies, it has been demonstrated that 1H MRSI of the human prostate has great potential to aid prostate cancer management, e.g. in the detection and localisation of cancer foci in the prostate or in the assessment of its aggressiveness. It is particularly powerful in combination with T2‐weighted MRI. Nevertheless, the technique is currently mainly used in a research setting. This review provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of three‐dimensional MRSI, including the specific hardware required, dedicated data acquisition sequences and information on the spectral content with background on the MR‐visible metabolites. In clinical practice, it is important that relevant MRSI results become available rapidly, reliably and in an easy digestible way. However, this functionality is currently not fully available for prostate MRSI, which is a major obstacle for routine use by inexperienced clinicians. Routine use requires more automation in the processing of raw data than is currently available. Therefore, we pay specific attention in this review on the status and prospects of the automated handling of prostate MRSI data, including quality control. The clinical potential of three‐dimensional MRSI of the prostate is illustrated with literature examples on prostate cancer detection, its localisation in the prostate, its role in the assessment of cancer aggressiveness and in the selection and monitoring of therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrodermal Palmar Asymmetry and Nostril Dominance

The present work tested the usefulness of combined bilateral palmar skin potential and nostril dominance measures as indices of relative hemispheric activation. These measures are easy to obtain and, when used in tandem, may provide inexpensive and quick indices of relative hemispheric activation for the researcher interested in laterality, but with limited resources. Bilateral electrodermal palmar measurements were made and synchronous nostril dominance was recorded for one experienced subject (the author). A total of 760 individual skin-resistance measures were taken for a period of 26 days from 7 a.m. to midnight. Higher right-hand conductance measures were recorded than the left-hand measures. Electrodermal palmar asymmetry was confirmed during the right-nostril condition, whereas more symmetrical palmar recordings were obtained during the left-nostril condition.
A SOA Approach for Domain-Specific Language Implementation

Although there have been many benefits of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) reported from both academia and industry, implementation of DSLs continue to face challenges with respect to frequent evolution of both syntax and semantics. Techniques for implementing DSLs also lack interoperable capabilities among base languages and limited tool support. Such challenges result in increasing DSL development cost and constrain DSL adoption opportunities. This paper introduces a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach to address such problems. The approach utilizes WSDL to perform lexical and syntax analysis. Web services are used to define the semantics of a DSL, and WS-BPEL is then used to specify a DSL program. We present two case studies representing different DSL categories to show the feasibility of SOA-based DSL implementation. The case studies demonstrate the potential for easing the burden of DSL evolution and offering interoperability and tool support. Improved modularization and removal of tokenization/parsing are two additional advantages. Discussion and comparison among interpreter-based, model-driven and SOA-based DSL implementations are provided, which may raise more research interests in this area.
Tobacco smoking increases the risk for death from pneumococcal pneumonia.

BACKGROUND Active smoking increases the risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease, although its impact on mortality in pneumococcal CAP outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of current smoking status on pneumococcal CAP mortality. METHODS We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study in 4,288 hospitalized patients with CAP. The study group consisted of 892 patients with pneumococcal CAP: 204 current smokers (22.8%), 387 nonsmokers (43.4%), and 301 exsmokers (33.7%). RESULTS Mortality at 30 days was 3.9%: 4.9% in current smokers vs 4.3% in nonsmokers and 2.6% in exsmokers. Current smokers with CAP were younger (51 years vs 74 years), with more alcohol abuse and fewer cardiac, renal, and asthma diseases. Current smokers had lower CURB-65 (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, BP, age ≥ 65 years) scores, although 40% had severe sepsis at diagnosis. Current smoking was an independent risk factor (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-13.5; P = .001) for 30-day mortality of pneumococcal CAP after adjusting for age (OR, 1.06; P = .001), liver disease (OR, 4.5), sepsis (OR, 2.3), antibiotic adherence to guidelines, and first antibiotic dose given < 6 h. The independent risk effect of current smokers remained when compared only with nonsmokers (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.6; P = .015) or to exsmokers (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.09-4.95; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Current smokers with pneumococcal CAP often develop severe sepsis and require hospitalization at a younger age, despite fewer comorbid conditions. Smoking increases the risk of 30-day mortality independently of tobacco-related comorbidity, age, and comorbid conditions. Current smokers should be actively targeted for preventive strategies.
trans-Carbonyl[dihydrobis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-κN 2)borato]hydridobis(triphenylphosphine-κP)ruthenium(II) acetonitrile solvate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ru(C4H6BN6)H(C18H15P)2(CO)]·C2H3N, discrete mononuclear complexes are found in which the Ru atom is coordinated by two triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands, one dihydrobis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate ligand, one carbonyl ligand and one hydride atom within slightly distorted octahedra. The two P atoms of the PPh3 ligands are trans positioned and the two N atoms of the chelating dihydrobis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate ligand occupy cis positions.
Signal Amplification in the Detection of Single-copy DNA and RNA by Enzyme-catalyzed Deposition (CARD) of the Novel Fluorescent Reporter Substrate Cy3.29-Tyramide

We demonstrate that the CAtalyzed Reporter Deposition method (CARD), utilizing the novel fluorescent reporter Cy3.29-tyramide, is successful in the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) detection of RNA and single-copy DNA. Histone 4 expression is detected in RNA extracts of S-phase, synchronized HeLa cells by dot-blot analysis. Gene expression of histone 4 in HeLa cells is demonstrated by FISH via CARD, utilizing oligonucleotide probes. Fluorescence intensity measurements on CARD-amplified histone 4 RNA detection showed (a) a 25-fold amplification of the signal brightness by biotinylated oligonucleotide probes and (b) a sixfold amplification of the signal brightness by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled histone 4 probes vs the directly stained control. The sensitivity of the CARD method is demonstrated by the FISH detection of single-copy DNA on human corneal fibroblast and HeLa S3 interphase nuclei. Chromosomal localization of the single copy DNA is demonstrated on HeLa S3 metaphase chromosome spreads. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:365–373, 1997)
Current State of the Digital Deception Studies in IS

Digital deceptions exist on the Internet in various forms and for different purposes. The purpose of this study is to understand the current state of the digital deception research in IS discipline. Based on our review and analysis of the selected digital deception articles published in IS journals and conference proceedings, we discussed various perspectives of digital deceptions, such as the media, types of deception, deceivers, motivations, and victims. The results of our study indicate that deception phenomena are severely under-researched in IS discipline. The study provides suggestions for future research.
A Logic-in-Memory Computer

If, as presently projected, the cost of microelectronic arrays in the future will tend to reflect the number of pins on the array rather than the number of gates, the logic-in-memory array is an extremely attractive computer component. Such an array is essentially a microelectronic memory with some combinational logic associated with each storage element. A logic-in-memory computer is described that is organized around a logic-enhanced ``cache'' memory array. Used as a cache, a logic-in-memory array performs as a high-speed buffer between a conventional CPU and a conventional memory. The effect on the computer system of the cache and its control mechanism is to make the main memory appear to have all of the processing capabilities and almost the same performance as the cache. Operations within the array are naturally organized as operations on blocks of data called ``sectors. '' Among the operations that can be performed are arithmetic and logical operations on pairs of elements from two sectors, and a variety of associative search operations on a single sector. For such operations, the main memory of the computer appears to the program to be composed of a collection of logic-in-memory arrays, each the size of a sector. Because of the high-speed, highly parallel sector operations, the logic-in-memory computer points to a new direction for achieving orders of magnitude increase in computer performance. Moreover, since the computer is specifically organized for large-scale integration, the increased performance might be obtained for a comparatively small dollar cost.
Biofilm formation and chemostat dynamics: Pure and mixed culture considerations

Time‐dependent biofilm formation effects on continuous fermenter operation are modelled here in general for a mixed culture of N different microorganisms growing on a single substrate. Dynamic computer solutions are detailed for two versions of the general model: a pure culture and a simple two‐cell mixed culture. Pure culture model predictions compare favorably with two pure culture experiments in the literature where significant biofilm formation was noted. A mixed culture of one microbe (C1) having a higher growth rate than a second microbe (C2) is simulated for two hypothetical scenarios of microbe C2 having different magnitudes of cell deposition rate. Biofilm effects on the estimation of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in both model versions, plus the impact of biofilms on mixed culture dynamics, are discussed.
FPGA-based real-time simulation of nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous machines for power hardware-in-the-loop emulation systems

This paper presents an FPGA-based real-time simulation system of a nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous machine and its qualification for power hardware-in-the-loop emulation systems. The machine model considers the magnetic anisotropy of the rotor, the saturation of the iron as well as dynamic cross-coupling effects between the direct- and quadrature axis of the machine. A specifically designed high performance signal processing system is developed to calculate the machine behavior with a frequency of 1.5 MHz. The developed model calculates the state variables of the machine as well as the counter voltage for an emulation converter in a way that the coupling network of the power hardware-in-the-loop emulation test bench could be equipped with any inductance. Measurements validate the proper function of the machine model and demonstrate the accurate solution of the nonlinear differential equation system of an anisotropie synchronous machine with nonlinear magnetics in real-time.
Determination of Serum Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) by the Nephelometric N Latex CDT Assay in Japanese Habitual Drinkers and Patients with Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption is a health risk that can lead to a variety of medical and social problems. Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is now widely used for detection of chronic alcohol abuse and monitoring sobriety in alcoholics. We assessed the diagnostic performance of the direct immunoassay for %CDT (N Latex CDT) in Japanese habitual drinkers at their annual medical check-up. We also tested whether this direct assay is influenced by the presence of non-alcoholic liver disease including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCVrelated hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We performed the N Latex CDT assay using a Siemens BN-II nephelometric analyzer to measure CDT concentration. The reference intervals of %CDT and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were obtained based on their measurements in 160 apparently healthy nondrinkers. Habitual drinkers were divided into light drinkers (less than 40g ethanol/day) and heavy drinkers (more than 60g ethanol/day) Furthermore, %CDT levels in a total of 184 patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver diseases including Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) related liver cirrhosis, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) were determined. Results: In the heavy drinkers, the positive rates of %CDT and GGT were 58.3% and 41.7%, respectively. The combination assay of %CDT and GGT resulted in 75% sensitivity and 95% specificity. It was notable that 57% of GGT non-responders were detected by CDT measurements. The mean serum level of %CDT was not influenced by the presence of NASH, but was increased in patients with moderate-severe HCV-related liver cirrhosis. The %CDT levels were also high in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis, but were not related to their tumor stages. Conclusions: The %CDT determined by automated N Latex CDT may be useful biomarker complementary to GGT to detect excessive habitual drinkers in Japan. However, caution should be taken to interpret the results in advanced non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
A 1 GS/s 6-bit time-based analog-to-digital converter (T-ADC) for front-end receivers

Recently, researchers are targeting low-power consumption, and integrating more blocks on-chip. This paper proposes a 1GS/s 6-bit time-based analog-to-digital converter (T-ADC) for front-end receivers. This T-ADC eliminates the preprocessing analog blocks, and reduces power consumption by removing the power-hungry sample and hold circuit. A prototype of the proposed T-ADC is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, where it consumes 1 mW and achieves a maximum SNDR of 35.5 dB with sampling rate 1 GHZ that corresponds to a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 20.62 fJ/step.
The Dominic-R: a pictorial interview for 6- to 11-year-old children.

OBJECTIVE To review the Dominic-R and the Terry questionnaires, respectively, for white and African-American children, both DSM-III-R-based, and more recent DSM-IV-based computerized versions. METHOD Five papers describing the development, content, validation studies, and establishment of the diagnostic cutpoints of these instruments are reviewed. The instruments are pictorial, fully structured, and designed to assess mental disorders in children 6 to 11 years of age. Symptom descriptions complement the visual stimulus, providing better information-processing than visual or auditory stimuli alone. Cognitive immaturity of young children bars frequency, duration, and age-of-onset measurements, restricting correspondence with DSM criteria. DSM-IV (computerized versions) and DSM-III-R (paper versions) disorders being assessed include specific (simple) phobias, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety (overanxious), depression/dysthymia, attention-deficit hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorder. RESULTS Test-retest reliability of symptoms and symptom scores and criterion validity against clinical judgment support the visual-auditory combination of stimuli to assess child mental health. CONCLUSION Intended for clinical, epidemiological, and screening purposes, these instruments are short and simple. Although it only approximates DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria, the pictorial format permits young children to be reliable informants about their mental health.
Price and Value of Decision Support Systems

A two-dimensional framework for Decision Support Systems (DSS) cost-benefit analysis is proposed. One dimension reflects the degree to which the supported decision is structured, the level of managerial activity, the level of uncertainty and the source of information used, while the second dimension classifies DSS based on the phase of the supported decision according to Simon’s model for the decision-making process. The review of the current literature reconciles some of the contr#dictory findings in the DSS cost-benefit literature, and shows that the adequacy of the valuation method depends on the attributes of the system. The main DSS valuation issues are identified, and the paper discusses the potential gap between price (determined by estimated costs or the market) and the value (which is subjective). The magnitude of this gap is found to be correlated with the extent to which the supported decisions are structured.
Prevalence of Emotional Distress in Cancer Patients

Background: Emotional distress in cancer patients may interfere with the ability to cope effectively with cancer, its physical symptoms and its treatment. This in turn causes significant increase in psychiatric morbidity leading to poor outcome in the patients. Objective: To assess prevalence of anxiety and depression and to study effects of socio demographic and cancer variables causing emotional distress. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted at Oncology department of tertiary care hospital after an approval from institutional ethical committee. The participants were included by random sampling method. Total 100 patients diagnosed by oncology physician or surgeon were interviewed after obtaining informed consent. The detailed information of study was given to every participant. Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), a well validated, easy to administer and acceptable scale was used for measuring anxiety & depression level. On HADS cut off score of >07 was taken as possible cases. Data collected was compiled, tabulated in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed by SPSS software 16.0 versions with the help of a statistician. Results: Thus 100 consecutive consenting diagnosed patients of cancer attending oncology department were studied. On Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale the mean anxiety and depression scores were 7.73 (SD 4.57) & 6.63 (SD 4.23) respectively. The range of scores on anxiety subscale was 0-18 & 0-16 on depression subscale. 47% had anxiety & 39% were having depression with cut off score of >07 on each subscales. 23% of cancer patients were having scores in moderate to severe category on both HAD subscales. Total HADS score had range of 0-34 with mean of 14.21. 42% cases were having emotional distress on HADS score (Total Score of HADS >15). Conclusion: On the basis of the study we would recommend that cancer patients require not only medical treatment approach but psychological measures as well to cope up with associated emotional distress. Early recognition and management of emotional distress will significantly decrease the burden on health care cost and improve the quality outcome in cancer treatment.
Control of the redox potential by oxygen limitation improves bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite.

Shake flask and stirred tank bioleaching experiments showed that the dissolution of chalcopyrite is inhibited by ferric ion concentrations as low as 200 mg L(-1) and redox potentials >420 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). Chemical leaching of chalcopyrite (4% suspension, surface area 2.3 m2 g(-1)) was enhanced fourfold in the presence of 0.1 M ferrous sulphate compared with 0.1 M ferric sulphate. A computer-controlled reactor was designed to function as a "potentiostat"-bioreactor by arresting the air supply to the reactor when the redox potential in solution was greater than a designated setpoint. Leaching at a low, constant redox potential (380 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) achieved final copper recoveries of 52%-61%, which was twice that achieved with a continuous supply of oxygen (<30% extraction). The bacterial populations were observed to continue growing under oxygen limitation but in a controlled manner that was found to improve chalcopyrite dissolution. As the control mechanism is easily established and is likely to decrease production cost, the use of this technology may find application in industry.
Expression of Caffeine Biosynthesis Genes in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we studied the expression of genes encoding caffeine synthase (TCS1), inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (TIDH), Sadenosyl- l-methionine synthase (sAMS), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and α-tubulin (Tua1) in young and mature leaves, stems and roots of 4-month-old tea seedlings and young and old tea tissue cultures. The amounts of transcripts of TCS1 were much higher in young leaves than in other parts of the plant. Expression of TIDH was greater in leaves than in other parts. Little difference in the amounts of transcripts of PAL, sAMS and Tua1 was found between various organs of tea seedlings. Larger amounts of transcripts of TCS1 and PAL were found in young callus tissues than in old tissues. These results support our conclusion deriving from previous enzymatic and metabolic studies that caffeine is synthesized mainly in young leaf tissues. We propose that marked caffeine biosynthesis in young leaves is dependent on a greater expression of the TCS1 gene in the organ