Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Issues With Multicast Video Distribution in Heterogeneous Packet Networks

1 The problem We consider the problem of distributing a VBR video stream over a multicast tree (i.e. from a source to N destinations) where the branches of the tree are non-homogeneous. In practice, such a tree appears in a packet network such as the Internet in which branches have diierent characteristics (bandwidths, buuer space, etc). Typical VBR video sources used in the Internet (e.g. the video coders in IVS 14] and NV 7]) can control the rate at which they send packets into the network by adjusting parameters in the video coder. The problem then is for a video source to choose an appropriate output rate (byòutput rate', we mean either the maximum output rate or some average output rate). This output rate characterizes the bandwidth requirements of the source. Clearly, the choice of the output rate will impact the level of congestion, expressed e.g. in terms of delay and loss patterns, experienced on the tree. Since the network is heterogeneous, we can expect this level of congestion to be widely diierent on diierent branches. The source might then choose its output rate so that only a small fraction of the branches of the tree are congested. For example, if the fraction is equal to 10%, then the output rate is set so that no more than 10% of the receivers are congested. If the fraction is equal to 0%, then the output rate is set low enough so that no part of the tree is congested. This solution is easy to implement, but both choices of the fraction above have limitations. In the rst case, the video delivered to some of participants will be of low quality (since packet losses and/or delays will be high on some branches of the tree). The second case is safest, but it results in disturbing the bulk of the participants. In practice, it is not clear how to choose an adequate value for this fraction. In IVS, we set the fraction to a few percent 2, 3]. Ideally, however, the source should be able to single out the parts of the multicast tree that experience congestion. In order not to disturb the bulk of participants in the tree, these branches should be treated separately. Two possible solutions include video gateways , and using some form of layered coding. Video gateways or layered coding schemes are not new ideas. Our contribution is to …
Computational adaptive optics for live three-dimensional biological imaging

Light microscopy of thick biological samples, such as tissues, is often limited by aberrations caused by refractive index variations within the sample itself. This problem is particularly severe for live imaging, a field of great current excitement due to the development of inherently fluorescent proteins. We describe a method of removing such aberrations computationally by mapping the refractive index of the sample using differential interference contrast microscopy, modeling the aberrations by ray tracing through this index map, and using space-variant deconvolution to remove aberrations. This approach will open possibilities to study weakly labeled molecules in difficult-to-image live specimens.
Síntomas Psicopatológicos en adolescentes: Estudio Comparativo Psychopathological symptoms among adolescents: A comparative study.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio realizado sobre presencia de sintomas psicopatologicos en estudiantes adolescentes ( N: 720) residentes en el Pais Vasco ( Espana), Valencia ( Espana) y Buenos Aires ( Argentina). Se utilizo la version castellana del listado de sintomas SCL-90R ( Derogatis, 1994) que evalua sintomas de somatizacion, obsesiones y compulsiones, sensibilidad interpersonal, ansiedad, hostilidad, ansiedad fobica, ideacion paranoide y psicoticismo. Los resultados indican que el lugar de residencia diferencia a los adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos, en sintomas como las ideaciones paranoides y la sensibilidad interpersonal en la muestra del Pais Vasco; las somatizaciones en Valencia y los sintomas depresivos en Buenos Aires. Los adolescentes de menor edad (13-14 anos) muestran mayores sintomas obsesivos y compulsivos. Respecto a la variable genero se observo que la hostilidad y ansiedad estan igualmente presentes en mujeres y varones, mientras que los sintomas restantes las mujeres muestran valores promedios significativamente mayores en todas las muestras.
Self awareness before social networking: Exploring the user behaviour and information security vulnerability in Malaysia

This paper investigates the necessity of being ‘self and socially’ aware before and after joining the social networks (SNs), and identifies the impacts of having lack of awareness among the members of that networks. The study examines the current state of users' behaviour while they are active in the social networks particularly in the context of Malaysia, and finds out whether those users are aware of what they do in such social networks. The objectives of this paper are to explore why self awareness or social awareness is vital for the users of online social networks, and to clarify on how the lack of awareness may lead to the information security vulnerability. The methodology of this study mainly involves a quantitative survey method for data collection. The findings revealed that the users in the social networks are less aware of ‘what data and information they disclose over there’ and ‘what the consequences are if they release the sensitive data and information in the social networks’. The discussions involve future attempts and some recommendations on the possible role of Government, NGOs, and Educational Institutions toward the issue of ‘self and social’ awareness in the social networks.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR THE ELEVENTH GRADERS OF TV PROGRAM AND BROADCAST ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The objectives of this research were 1) to find out the target and learning needs, and 2) to develop the appropriate English instructional materials for the eleventh graders of TV Program and Broadcast Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 1 Klaten based on Curriculum 2013. This R&D study followed the materials development process proposed by Jolly and Bolitho (1998) with some adaptation. Likert-scale questionnaires were used to collect the data of the needs analysis and materials evaluation. The data from the needs analysis and materials evaluation were analyzed quantitatively. The data from the interview were analyzed qualitatively. The research findings showed that the students’ goal of learning was to be able to communicate in both spoken and written English on purpose to have preparation to work in the broadcasting field after graduating from Vocational High School. They also needed topics and learning input in line with the study program. In the Project-based Learning, they preferred various tasks. There were three units of English instructional materials developed. Based on the results of expert judgment, the materials were categorized appropriate. The mean score was 3.94 which is in the range of “very good”.
AU measurements from cascaded Adaboost for driver drowsiness detection

Driver fatigue has getting more attentions from researchers. One of the methods to recognize driver fatigue is by monitoring driver's facial expression. Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is well-known in facial behavior sciences and Action Unit (AU) is used as the measurement. In this work, AU coded facial image is represented by Gabor filters in different orientations and frequencies, which are classified into respective classes using cascaded AdaBoost. The result is validated with ground truth information given in the database. Results show the validation of AU measurement in computer vision method and will be further applied in driver monitoring system to predict the driver's fatigue level.
THE PRESENT STATE OF CRIMINOLOGY IN BRITAIN

There has been no adequate survey of contemporary criminology in Britain. The discipline has evolved quickly and erratically, appearing sometimes to advance in opposing directions, and it has been more than a little difficult to make sense of its progress. There are only a few criminologists in post who might have wished to report its development, and they have at best recon structed criminology in their own image. Indeed, any attempt to interpret current movements must refract the preoccupations of the observer. My own description will be just such a special organization of perspectives. It could not be otherwise. I shall focus on a small number of themes that I regard as important although I am aware that others might well have reviewed the field quite differently. In a short article, there cannot be a proper discussion of many things. For instance, I must neglect analysis of the important but vastly intricate exchanges that have occurred between British and foreign ideas about crime and control. British criminology has evolved in an intellectual environment constituted by others' thought, just as it has attained a modest presence elsewhere, but I shall not pay attention to that history. I shall concentrate instead upon the development of British criminology in Britain. In particular, I shall describe the negotiated order which has begun to emerge amongst the core members of a generation of criminologists who have worked together and known each other for some two decades. In the autumn of 1986, for the purposes of this article, I conducted a census of all the 160 British university departments and institutes in which criminol ogists might be found. I also approached the Home Office Research and Planning Unit with questions about its staff and funding. I did, of course, appreciate that criminologists were to be found elsewhere, particularly in the polytechnics, but I could not undertake more than a sample survey of academic institutions in the United Kingdom. It is uncertain what effect the addition of polytechnics and colleges of further education might have had on my argument. Excluding the Research and Planning Unit, 92 departments replied, and their replies produced some elementary demographic information about 118 specialist criminologists. Thirty-seven criminologists worked in law departments, eight in psychology departments, thirty-three in sociology
Transfer of TCR Genes into Mature T Cells Is Accompanied by the Maintenance of Parental T Cell Avidity

The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells expanded in vitro can be of significant therapeutic value in select cancer patients. This strategy is limited though, as it is often difficult, if not impossible, to obtain T cells of clinical value. The transfer of TCR genes to mature T cells to generate tumor-reactive T cells provides a potential mechanism to overcome these limitations. To evaluate the feasibility of such an approach and the quality of the resulting T cells, we generated replication-deficient retroviral vectors using the well-characterized OT-1 TCR genes. After transducing murine T cells, we were able to expand large numbers of Ag-specific T cells that were functionally active against tumor cells expressing the relevant Ag. Furthermore, we found that T cells expressing retrovirally encoded TCR had avidity that was similar to that of the parental clone. This maintenance of avidity was despite variable expression of the retrovirally encoded TCR and the presence of potentially competing endogenous TCRs. These results suggest that the inherent qualities of the TCR, as dictated by the coding sequence, are the most critical parameters in the generation of high-avidity T cells.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Wavelet Compression for Turbulent-Flow Data Visualization

We explore the ramifications of using wavelet compression on turbulent-flow data from scientific simulations. As upcoming I/O constraints may significantly hamper the ability of scientific simulations to write full-resolution data to disk, we feel this study enhances the understanding of exascale science with respect to potentially applying wavelets in situ. Our approach repeats existing analyses with wavelet-compressed data, using evaluations that are quantitatively based. The data sets we select are large, including one with a 4,096 grid. Our findings show that the efficacy of wavelets vary across the analyses, and that prioritized coefficient compression is consistently superior to a multi-resolution approach, and that the biorthogonal kernels CDF 9/7 and CDF 8/4 perform better than the Haar kernel.
Advanced Sketch Based Image Retrieval System Using Object Boundary Selection Algorithm

In recent era for some cases, colorful image retrieval on the basis of their sketches is area of interest as far as image processing is concern. In image retrieval process sketch of particular image is given as an input and its colorful image is expected as an output. Problem of sketch and actual image matching is that there is appearance gap between them. This gap is due to noise in edges of photo realistic images. Hence our proposed process considers these issues in Sketch Based Image Retrieval process. Our system eliminates the impact of noise in edges of photo realistic images. Our proposed process is based on histogram of line relationship (HLR) descriptor. We proposed “Object boundary selection” algorithm that followed by HLR. In our system we mainly contributing that, matching process is done on Hadoop using Map-reduce technique.
An Oblivious Data Structure and its Applications to Cryptography

We introduce the notion of oblivious data structure, motivated by the use of data structures in cryptography. Informally, an oblivious data structure yields no knowledge about the sequence of operations that have been applied to it other than the nal result of the operations. In particular we de ne oblivious 2-3 trees and update algorithms to insert and delete sequences of contiguous leaves, in such a way that the only information conveyed by an oblivious 2-3 tree is the set of values stored at its leaves. This property is achieved through the use of randomization by the update algorithms. We use oblivious 2-3 trees to solve the open problem of \private" incremental digital signatures raised by Bellare, Goldreich and Goldwasser (1995). A digital signature system is incremental if a document for which a digital signature has been produced can be edited and its digital signature can be e ciently updated to re ect the changes in the document. An incremental signature system is private if the digital signature produced by the system for the nal version of a document that has undergone a sequence of edit operations, does not yield any information on intermediate versions of the document.
Sizes of Permanent Campsite Communities Reflect Constraints on Natural Human Communities

Both small-scale human societies and personal social networks have a characteristic hierarchical structure with successively inclusive layers of 15, 50, 150, 500, and 1,500 individuals. It has been suggested that these values represent a set of natural social attractors, or “sweet spots,” in organizational terms. We exploited the new phenomenon of permanent (i.e., residential) campsites to ask whether these values are present in the size distribution of the numbers of residents in these naturally small-scale communities. In two separate data sets of different grain, we find consistent evidence for sites with 50, 150, 500, and maybe 1,500 residents. We infer that these reflect numerical sizes at which communities may in some way be socially optimal. Our data do not allow us to say why this pattern emerges, but the consistency of the results and the fact that the predetermined sizes of permanent campsites adhere to this pattern suggest that it may arise from the limits on the number of relationships that make an effective community.
Effects of hydrophilic extract of Nasturtium officinale on prevention of ethylene glycol induced renal stone in male Wistar rats

Background Nasturtium officinale is a traditional herb that is used for diuresis. Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the effects of hydrophilic extract of Nasturtium officinale on ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods In this study 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in six groups and studied during 30 days. Two groups of negative and healthy control received 1% ethylene glycol in water respectively. Low and high dose preventive groups, in addition to 1% ethylene glycol, daily gavaged with 750 mg/kg and 1.5 g/kg of extract respectively. All rats were hold in metabolic cages individually in days 0, 15 and 30 and 24-hour urine samples were collected and checked for urinary parameters of stone formation. In 30th day, rats were anesthetized with ether, and after taking serum sample from them, were sacrificed and their kidneys were sent for pathological evaluation and for presence and volume of calcium oxalate crystals. Results Percentage of calcium oxalate crystals in negative control groups (75%), preventive groups with low dose (28.6%) and high dose (57.1%) in comparison to healthy control group (12.5%) increased (P < 0.05). In 30th day urinary oxalate concentration in preventive and negative control groups were more than healthy control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions This research showed that the Nasturtium officinale extract has no significant effects in urinary and chemical parameters efficient in calcium oxalate stone crystals in rat but its extract in low dose has some preventive effect on renal stone formation.
NEUROSCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES FOR BEHAVIOuRAL RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONS

The objective of this paper is to explore how the application of neuroscience to management research can facilitate a better understanding of some issues concerning to people behaviour in organizations. In recent years, the ability of researchers to directly observe brain activity has increased tremendously. This paper presented extant neuroscientific findings and showed some examples on how they could be incorporated into management research. We present two studies on honesty and social loafing in teams to inform management researchers when and how neuroscientific methods can complement traditional empirical approaches such as interviews or surveys.
Small Talk Improves User Impressions of Interview Dialogue Systems

This paper addresses the problem of how to build interview systems that users are willing to use. Existing interview dialogue systems are mainly focused on obtaining information from users, thus they just repeatedly ask questions. We pro-pose a method for improving user impressions by engaging in small talk during interviews. The system performs frame-based dialogue management for interviewing and generates small talk utterances after the user answers the system’s questions. Experimental results using a text-based interview dialogue system for diet recording showed the proposed method gives a better impression to users than interview dialogues without small talk. It is also found that generating too many small talk utterances makes user impressions worse because of the system’s low capability of continuously generating appropriate small talk utterances.
DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS TO REFLECTED BROWNIAN MOTION 1 By

In this paper we investigate three discrete or semi-discrete approximation schemes for reflected Brownian motion on bounded Euclidean domains. For a class of bounded domains D in Rn that includes all bounded Lipschitz domains and the von Koch snowflake domain, we show that the laws of both discrete and continuous time simple random walks on D ∩ 2−kZn moving at the rate 2−2k with stationary initial distribution converge weakly in the space D([0,1],Rn), equipped with the Skorokhod topology, to the law of the stationary reflected Brownian motion on D. We further show that the following “myopic conditioning” algorithm generates, in the limit, a reflected Brownian motion on any bounded domain D. For every integer k ≥ 1, let {Xk j2−k , j = 0,1,2, . } be a discrete time Markov chain with one-step transition probabilities being the same as those for the Brownian motion in D conditioned not to exit D before time 2−k . We prove that the laws of Xk converge to that of the reflected Brownian motion on D. These approximation schemes give not only new ways of constructing reflected Brownian motion but also implementable algorithms to simulate reflected Brownian motion.
Solving the Inverse Kinematics Problem With Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes a method of utilizing genetic algorithms to search for the solution of an inverse kinematics problem in which there is a high degree of kinematic redundancy. A genetic algorithm is a search technique that attempts to simultaneously satisfy all system constraints while minimizing a given objective function. Various reordering operators are introduced which help the genetic algorithm effectively solve problems (such as this one) where changing one gene of an individual has an effect on the expression of one or more of the individual’s other genes. This gene interdependance is known as epistatis. Problems which contain a high degree of epistasis have been shown to be difficult to solve using genetic algorithms. In this case, genetic algorithms are applied using a simple encoding of the inverse kinematic problem into genetic algorithm space. Genetic algorithms with various traits are compared. Finally, the best performing genetic algorithm is compared to a reasonably well performing random search (applied to the same problem).
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of protein kinases that play a central role in stress signaling pathways implicated in gene expression, neuronal plasticity, regeneration, cell death, and regulation of cellular senescence. It has been shown that there is a JNK pathway activation after exposure to different stressing factors, including cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response signals or Aβ peptides. Altogether, JNKs have become a focus of screening strategies searching for new therapeutic approaches to diabetes, cancer or liver diseases. In addition, activation of JNK has been identified as a key element responsible for the regulation of apoptosis signals and therefore, it is critical for pathological cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases and, among them, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have reported alterations of JNK pathways potentially associated with pathogenesis and neuronal death in AD. JNK’s, particularly JNK3, not only enhance Aβ production, moreover it plays a key role in the maturation and development of neurofibrillary tangles. This review aims to explain the rationale behind testing therapies based on inhibition of JNK signaling for AD in terms of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease. Keeping in mind that JNK3 is specifically expressed in the brain and activated by stress-stimuli, it is possible to hypothesize that inhibition of JNK3 might be considered as a potential target for treating neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with AD.
Adaptive Homing—Robotic Exploration Tours

In this article, a minimalistic model for learning and adaptation of visual homing is presented. Normalized Hebbian learning is used during exploration tours of a mobile robot to learn visual homing and to adapt to the sensory modalities. The sensors of the mobile robot (omnidirectional camera, magnetic compass) have been chosen in a way that their data most closely resemble the sensory data at the disposal of insects such as the desert ant Cataglyphis (almost omnidirectional vision, polarized light compass), which is an amazing navigator despite its tiny brain. The learned homing mechanism turned out to be closely related to Lambrinos and colleagues' average landmark vector (ALV) model and is widely independent of any special features of the environment. In contrast to the ALV model or other models of visual homing, feature extraction or landmark segmentation is not necessary. Mobile robot experiments have been performed in an unmodified office environment to test the feasibility of learning of visual homing.