Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opcode sequence analysis of Android malware by a convolutional neural network

The number of malware has exploded due to the openness of the Android platform, and the endless stream of malware poses a threat to the privacy, tariffs, and device of mobile phone users. A novel Android mobile malware detection system is proposed, which employs an optimized deep convolutional neural network to learn from opcode sequences. The optimized convolutional neural network is trained multiple times by the raw opcode sequences extracted from the decompiled Android file, so that the feature information can be effectively learned and the malicious program can be detected more accurately. More critically, the k‐max pooling method with better results is adopted in the pooling operation phase, which improves the detection effect of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the detection system achieved the accuracy of 99%, which is 2%‐11% higher than the accuracy of the machine learning detection algorithms when using the same data set. It also ensures that the indicators, such as F1‐score, recall, and precision, are maintained above 97%. Based on the detection system, a multi–data set comparison experiment is carried out. The introduced k‐max pooling is deeply studied, and the effect of k of k‐max pooling on the overall detection effect is observed.
An Intelligent Learning Environment for Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Students

Objectives: This study aims to support the training of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners by embedding an expert diagnostic model for arthritis into an Intelligent Interactive Learning Environment (IILE). Background: The increasing prevalence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) outside China is characterised by the emergence of university level practitioner training and stringent regulatory requirements. TCM differential diagnosis is a difficult task that was traditionally taught by exposure to large numbers of patients in a master-apprentice context. In university degree programs, students and novice diagnosticians cannot have the exposure to cases possible in the traditional context. An online system that engages students in the interactive construction of a virtual case and provides immediate feedback on the appropriateness of student actions and the accuracy of diagnostic conclusions can enhance student learning. The system, an Intelligent Interactive Learning Environment (IILE) is based on an approach that has been shown to improve learning outcomes in intensive care nurse training. Methods: An expert model of diagnostic reasoning elicited from TCM expert practitioners lies at the core of the IILE. The knowledge acquisition is performed using an argumentation tree representation that has been shown to be effective in structuring complex knowledge and facilitating engineer - expert interactions. Problems associated with keeping knowledge bases up to date are mitigated with the use of a knowledge model known as ripple down rules permits dynamic updating of knowledge so that knowledge bases evolve over time. A simple narrative model builds up the virtual case study as user interaction proceeds. Results and discussion: This article reports preliminary results in the study that includes an overview of TCM differential diagnosis, the argument tree, the ripple down rule representation and the narrative based IILE. Segments of the knowledge model based solely on TCM literature are illustrated.
Oxygen‐Dependent Photochemistry and Photophysics of “MiniSOG,” a Protein‐Encased Flavin

Selected photochemical and photophysical parameters of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) have been examined under conditions in which FMN is (1) solvated in a buffered aqueous solution, and (2) encased in a protein likewise solvated in a buffered aqueous solution. The latter was achieved using the so‐called “mini Singlet Oxygen Generator” (miniSOG), an FMN‐containing flavoprotein engineered from Arabidopsis thaliana phototropin 2. Although FMN is a reasonably good singlet oxygen photosensitizer in bulk water (ϕΔ = 0.65 ± 0.04), enclosing FMN in this protein facilitates photoinitiated electron‐transfer reactions (Type‐I chemistry) at the expense of photosensitized singlet oxygen production (Type‐II chemistry) and results in a comparatively poor yield of singlet oxygen (ϕΔ = 0.030 ± 0.002). This observation on the effect of the local environment surrounding FMN is supported by a host of spectroscopic and chemical trapping experiments. The results of this study not only elucidate the behavior of miniSOG but also provide useful information for the further development of well‐characterized chromophores suitable for use as intracellular sensitizers in mechanistic studies of reactive oxygen species.
omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: monolayer packing and effects on bilayer permeability and cholesterol exchange.

It has been suggested that the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can adopt unique closely packed arrays in lipid bilayers (Glomset and Applegate. (1986) J. Lipid Res. 27, 658-680). These conformations are predicted on the basis of molecular dynamics calculations and are in contrast to the expanded conformations characteristic of omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids. It has also been suggested that close packing of omega-3 acyl chains could have a substantial affect on the physical properties of lipid bilayers (e.g. permeability). We report here some experimental tests of these predictions. Surface pressure-area experiments have been carried out on DHA and its mixtures with stearic and oleic acids. At low surface pressures DHA is more expanded than oleic acid. Extrapolation to the high surface pressures characteristic of lipid bilayers indicates that the area per molecule of DHA is only marginally less than that for oleic acid. Thus there is no compelling evidence to suggest that the average area per molecule of the omega-3 fatty acid is substantially different from the omega-6 fatty acid at high surface pressures. Experiments also show that the permeability of bilayers to glucose and the rates of dissociation of pyrenyl cholesterol from bilayers were similar for bilayers containing DHA compared to bilayers containing oleic acid or linoleic acid.
Chemical coupling as a potent strategy for preparation of targeted bacteriophage‐derived gene nanocarriers into eukaryotic cells

The ability to direct efficiently and specifically carriers toward target cells and express the transgene of interest is a critical step in gene therapy trails. The display of targeting molecules on the surface of phage particles might represent a potent solution. In the present study, we evaluated a chemical coupling strategy for displaying human holotransferrin as a targeting molecule on the surface of phage lambda particles for specifically delivering green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene into a human cell line.
Reconstructing Distances Among Objects from Their

We describe a principled way of imposing a metric representing dissimilarities on any discrete set of stimuli (symbols, handwritings, consumer products, X-ray lms, etc.), given the probabilities with which they are discriminated from each other by a perceiving system, such as an organism, person, group of experts, neuronal structure, technical device, or even an abstract computational algorithm. In this procedure one does not have to assume that discrimination probabilities are monotonically related to distances, or that the distances belong to a prede ned class of metrics, such as Minkowski. Discrimination probabilities do not have to be symmetric, the probability of discriminating an object from itself need not be a constant, and discrimination probabilities are allowed to be 0s and 1s. The only requirement that has to be satis ed is Regular Minimality, a principle we consider the de ning property of discrimination: for ordered stimulus pairs (a; b) ; b is least frequently discriminated from a if and only if a is least frequently discriminated from b. Regular Minimality generalizes one of the weak consequences of the assumption that discrimination probabilities are monotonically related to distances: the probability of discriminating a from a should be less than that of discriminating a from any other object. This special form of Regular Minimality also underlies such traditional analyses of discrimination probabilities as Multidimensional Scaling and Cluster Analysis.
Health over the Lifecycle: Essays On Health and Family

In this compilation of essays, we explore how individual choices are shaped by forces that are largely external to them. Each essay in this collection re-examines old questions pertaining to different stages of the human economic lifecycle, specifically on decisions relating to health and health investments. In Chapter 1, we revisit Grossman’s (1972a; 1972b) health demand model, and estimate some of its primitive parameters, including health depreciation rates and the minimum health stock requirement. Based on comparable cross-country data constructed from a recently developed set of macro-economic accounts, our estimates confirm Grossman’s conjecture that health stock depreciates faster with age. This suggests that maintaining individual health stocks above the minimum requirement becomes increasingly more expensive late in life, making survival a costly burden. In Chapter 2, focusing on reproductive health, we evaluate a recurring claim at policy dialogs on whether sex education leads to riskier sexual behavior among young adults. Results in previous studies relying on randomized control trials may be biased when the simultaneity between sexual behavior and knowledge, the usual measures of sex education effectiveness, are not accounted for. We provide empirical evidence using Philippine micro-data, and from a re-analysis of previous studies that sex education promotes responsible sexual behavior. In the last section, Chapter 3, we attempt to bridge a gap in the literature by examining how fluctuations in commodity markets have long-term lifecycle implications through its immediate effect on an important child investment: breastmilk feeding. While the impacts of commodity markets on adult outcomes, e.g. poverty, food security and conflict, have been well studied, the effects on children, especially in developing country contexts, were largely overlooked.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Sovereign default and the stability of inflation targeting regimes

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Late Oropharyngeal Functional Outcomes of Suicidal Maxillofacial Gunshot Wounds

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term aesthetic and functional results of suicidal gunshot injuries using objective methods to identify the residual problems after one-stage reconstruction. Methods:Twenty male patients with gunshot injuries resulting from suicide attempts who were treated in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Gulhane Military Medical Academy were included in the study. The control group was composed of 10 male volunteers. The reconstructions of all involved structures were performed within 1–3 days of the injury. The patients were evaluated both aesthetically and functionally. The Body Satisfaction Scale was used for evaluation of aesthetic appearances of the facial structures. To evaluate swallowing, videofluoroscopy, cine-magnetic resonance imaging, submental electromyography, Functional Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing, and submental ultrasound were performed. Perceptual speech analysis was used for speech evaluation. Results:The Body Satisfaction Scale score was statistically higher in the control group than in patients with both ongoing and completed reconstructions (P < 0.05). Swallowing disturbances and their frequencies were higher in the study group than in the control group. The most frequently observed swallowing disturbance was stasis in the sinuses. The laryngeal elevation and geometric angle of the epiglottis in the study group were statistically lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude of contraction of submental muscles was lower in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The Multidimensional Voice Program showed statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion:Objective assessment methods enabled us to retrospectively evaluate the treatment and identify the specific problem underlying functional and aesthetic morbidities.
Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electrical Equipment: A Literature Survey

Increasing interest has been seen in condition monitoring (CM) techniques for electrical equipment, mainly including transformer, generator, and induction motor in power plants, because CM has the potential to reduce operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation, and improve power supply and service to customers. Literature is accumulated on developing intelligent CM systems with advanced practicability, sensitivity, reliability, and automation. A literature survey is felt necessary with an aim to reflect the state-of-the-art development in this important area. After introducing the concepts and functions of CM, this paper describes the popular monitoring methods for and research status of CM on transformers, generators, and induction motors, respectively. The paper also points out the potential benefits through the utilization of advanced signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques in developing novel CM schemes.
Regulation of the PML tumor suppressor in drug-induced senescence of human normal and cancer cells by JAK/STAT-mediated signaling

The Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) tumor suppressor is upregulated in several forms of cellular senescence, however the mechanism of its induction is elusive. Here we show that genotoxic drugs that induce senescence, such as 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU), thymidine (TMD), distamycin A (DMA), aphidicolin (APH), etoposide (ET) and camptothecin (CPT) all evoke expansion of PML nuclear compartment and its association with persistent DNA lesions in several human cancer cell lines and normal diploid fibroblasts. This phenomenon was accompanied by elevation of PML transcripts after treatment with BrdU, TMD, DMA and CPT. Chemical inhibition of all JAK kinases and RNAi-mediated knock-down of JAK1 suppressed PML expression, implicating JAK/STAT-mediated signaling in regulation of the PML gene. As PML protein stability remained unchanged after drug treatment, decreased protein turnover was unlikely to explain the senescence-associated increased abundance of PML. Furthermore, binding activity of Interferon Stimulated Response Element (ISRE) within the PML gene promoter, and suppression of reporter gene activity after deletion of ISRE from the PML promoter region suggested that drug-induced PML transcription is controlled via transcription factors interacting with this element. Collectively, our data show that upregulation of the PML tumor suppressor in cellular senescence triggered by diverse drugs including clinically used anti-cancer chemotherapeutics relies on stimulation of PML transcription by JAK/STAT-mediated signaling, possibly evoked by the autocrine/paracrine activities of senescence-associated cytokines.
Evaluating the performance of 3-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution pipelines for within-tumor tractography

The use of diffusion MRI (dMRI) for assisting in the planning of neurosurgery has become increasingly common practice, allowing to non-invasively map white matter pathways via tractography techniques. Limitations of earlier pipelines based on the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) model have since been revealed and improvements were made possible by constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) pipelines. CSD allows to resolve a full white matter (WM) fiber orientation distribution (FOD), which can describe so-called “crossing fibers”: complex local geometries of WM tracts, which DTI fails to model. This was found to have a profound impact on tractography results, with substantial implications for presurgical decision making and planning. More recently, CSD itself has been extended to allow for modeling of other tissue compartments in addition to the WM FOD, typically resulting in a 3-tissue CSD model. It seems likely this may improve the capability to resolve WM FODs in the presence of infiltrating tumor tissue. In this work, we evaluated the performance of 3-tissue CSD pipelines, with a focus on within-tumor tractography. We found that a technique named single-shell 3-tissue CSD (SS3T-CSD) successfully allowed tractography within infiltrating gliomas, without increasing existing single-shell dMRI acquisition requirements.
Application of the antenna theory model to a tall tower struck by lightning

[1] The interaction of lightning with the 553-m high CN Tower in Toronto is modeled using the antenna theory model. A simple lossless wire structure is used to represent the tower. The return-stroke channel is modeled as a lossy vertical antenna attached to the tower top. The lossy antenna and the wire structure representing the tower are assumed to be fed at their junction point by a voltage source. The voltage waveform of this source is selected so that the source current resembles a typical lightning current waveform not influenced by the presence of the tall strike object. An electric field integral equation in the time domain is employed to calculate the lightning return stroke current distribution along the CN Tower and along the lightning channel. The equation is solved numerically using the method of moments. The lightning current flowing in the tower at the 474-m level above ground, predicted by the antenna theory (AT) model, compares favorably with the measurements conducted at the CN Tower. Once the temporal and spatial distributions of the current along the tower and along the lightning channel are determined, the corresponding remote electromagnetic fields are computed. Waveshapes of model-predicted electric and magnetic fields at a distance of 2 km from the tower are in good agreement with measurements. The contribution of the tower to the electric and magnetic fields at 2 km is about four to five times the contribution of the lightning channel.
Comparative study of the experience of caregiving in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia

Background: Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia are disabling illnesses and place a considerable degree of burden on the caregivers. Many studies from India have measured the burden of care in schizophrenia and some studies have measured the burden experienced by the caregivers of bipolar affective disorder. Few studies have compared this variable in these disorders. Experience of caregiving is a broader concept that takes into consideration both the negative and positive appraisal of the caregiving. However, no study from India has compared the experience of caregiving in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Aim of the study: To study the experience of caregiving in a group of caregivers of bipolar patients and compare the same with caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Method: Seventy patients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and 70 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were selected for the present study. Patients were assessed on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale depending upon their diagnosis. They were also assessed on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Caregivers of the patients were assessed on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI). Results: The maximum ECI score was seen in the domain of handling ‘difficult behaviour’ in both the groups. Compared to caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had overall more positive and negative appraisal of caregiving experience while caring for their ill relatives. The difference reached significant levels for all domains but for the domains of ‘effects on family’, ‘need for back-up’ and ‘good aspect of relationship’. There were significant differences too for the total positive personal experience sub-score. There was a significant positive correlation between the negative and positive caregiving experience score for both schizophrenia and bipolar groups. Conclusion: The caregivers of both bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia appraise the caregiving negatively, while at the same time appraising some positive aspects of it. Caregivers of schizophrenia patients appraise caregiving more negatively than those of bipolar affective disorder patients.
Probabilistic evaluation of static voltage stability taking account of the variation of load and stochastic distributed generations

The impact of renewable distributed generation on power system is an hot topic in smart grid. Accounting for the uncertainties of wind power and load, a probabilistic evaluation method was proposed for static voltage stability based on two-point estimate method (2PEM) and continuous power flow. By 2PEM, the probabilistic problems could be handled as those corresponding to deterministic problems. The continuous power flow method was to get the load margin and PV curves with iterations for static voltage stability. The numerical results of IEEE 33-bus test system show that the proposed method maintains a high accuracy and reduces the computation burden.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4): Targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase as a potential therapy for pulmonary hypertension

PURPOSE Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is complex disease which is associated with endothelial and cardiac dysfunction. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide rather than superoxide which maintains normal endothelial and cardiac function. This study explores the therapeutic potential of BH4 in experimental PH. METHODS Monocrotaline-induced PH in rats and Hph-1 deficiency in mice were used for animal experiments. Hemodynamic measurements using pressure transducers were conducted for pulmonary and cardiac pressures, and Langendorff apparatus was used for isolated heart experiments; preventive as well as rescue treatment protocols were conducted; tissues were collected for histological and biochemical studies. RESULTS In vivo acute BH4 administration reduced pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) only in the MCT rat. In a Langendorff preparation, BH4 increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) but not in control. In "prevention" therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) attenuated the development of PH in rat MCT model. eNOS protein levels in lung homogenates were maintained and cGMP levels were increased. In "rescue" therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated pulmonary vascular muscularization in a dose-dependent manner. RVSP was reduced in RVH and pulmonary vascular muscularization was attenuated. BH4 at 10 mg/kg reduced RV myocyte diameter while BH4 at 100 mg/kg reversed it to control level. BH4 restored normal levels of eNOS protein and in a dose of 100 mg/kg enhanced lung tissue levels of BH4 , cGMP, and NO compared to placebo. CONCLUSION The current study provides scientific evidence for a therapeutic potential of BH4 in PH and invites further investigation.